bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of perineal reconstruction with inferior gluteal artery myocutaneous flaps and primary closure following abdominoperineal resection
Authors: Gultekin Sinem , Gartrell Richard , Lu Lucy , Croxford Matthew , Faragher Ian , Chan Steven T. F. , Yeung Justin M. C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPerineal wound morbidity following abdominoperineal resection (APR) is a significant challenge. Myocutaneous flap‐based techniques have been developed to overcome morbidity associated with perineal reconstruction. We reviewed outcomes for patients undergoing APR in a hospital that performs inferior gluteal artery myocutaneous (IGAM) island transposition flaps and primary closure (PC) for perineal reconstruction.MethodsA retrospective study of patients who underwent APR for malignancy between January 2012 and March 2020 was performed and outcomes between IGAM reconstruction and PC compared. Primary outcomes were wound infection and dehiscence. Secondary outcomes included return to theatre, operative time, length of stay, flap loss and perineal hernia incidence.ResultsOne‐hundred and two patients underwent APR, with 50 (49%) who had PC and 52 (51%) had IGAM flap reconstructions. There were no differences between each group with regards to wound infection (23 vs. 22%, P = 0.55) or wound dehiscence (25 vs. 24%, P = 0.92). Thirteen (25%) IGAM patients required a return to theatre compared to three PC patients (6%) (P = 0.008). IGAM procedures required twice the overall operative time (506 vs. 240 min, P = 0.001) with no differences between groups when comparing the APR component (250 vs. 240 min, P = 0.225). The IGAM group had a longer length of stay (median 13 days vs. 9 days, P = 0.001). Only one IGAM flap was lost and no symptomatic hernias were identified.ConclusionPerineal closure technique did not affect the incidence of wound infection or dehiscence. Closure technique should be tailored to underlying patient characteristics and surgical pathology.
Mucocutaneous manifestations of COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults: an update
Authors: Sil Abheek , Das Anupam , Datta Debatri 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is an inflammatory condition that affects multiple extrapulmonary organ systems (cardiac, gastrointestinal tract, dermatological and/or neurological), attributed to a postinfectious and atypical complication occurring weeks to months after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The diagnosis is primarily based on findings encompassing persistent fever, elevated inflammatory markers, multiorgan involvement and a temporal relationship with COVID-19 infection. The existing literature on MIS-A, although growing, is limited to case reports and small case series. It is imperative that dermatologists be aware of this entity and aid the critical care team to ensure timely diagnosis and early therapeutic intervention. In this review, we concisely highlight the varied presentations, pathogenesis and treatment options in MIS-A.
A humanized murine model, demonstrating dominant progressive hearing loss caused by a novel KCNQ4 mutation (p.G228D) from a large Chinese family
Authors: Cui Chong , Zhang Luping , Qian Fuping , Chen Yuxin , Huang Bowei , Wang Fang , Wang Daqi , Lv Jun , Wang Xuechun , Yan Zhiqiang , Guo Luo , Li Geng‐Lin , Shu Yilai , Liu Dong , Li Huawei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe pathogenic variants in KCNQ4 cause DFNA2 nonsyndromic hearing loss. However, the understanding of genotype–phenotype correlations between KCNQ4 and hearing is limited. Here, we identified a novel KCNQ4 mutation p.G228D from a Chinese family, including heterozygotes characterized by high‐frequency hearing loss that is progressive across all frequencies and homozygotes with more severe hearing loss. We constructed a novel murine model with humanized homologous Kcnq4 mutation. The heterozygotes had mid‐frequency and high‐frequency hearing loss at 4 weeks, and moved toward all frequencies hearing loss at 12 weeks, while the homozygotes had severe‐to‐profound hearing loss at 8 weeks. The degeneration of outer hair cells (OHCs) was observed from basal to apical turn of cochlea. The reduced K+ currents and depolarized resting potentials were revealed in OHCs. Remarkably, we observed the loss of inner hair cells (IHCs) in the region corresponding to the frequency above 32 kHz at 8–12 weeks. The results suggest the degeneration of OHCs and IHCs may contribute to high‐frequency hearing loss in DFNA2 over time. Our findings broaden the variants of KCNQ4 and provide a novel mouse model of progressive hearing loss, which contributes to an understanding of pathogenic mechanism and eventually treatment of DFNA2 progressive hearing loss.
Delaunay Painting: Perceptual Image Colouring from Raster Contours with Gaps
Authors: Parakkat Amal Dev , Memari Pooran , Cani Marie‐Paule 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe introduce Delaunay Painting, a novel and easy‐to‐use method to flat‐colour contour‐sketches with gaps. Starting from a Delaunay triangulation of the input contours, triangles are iteratively filled with the appropriate colours, thanks to the dynamic update of flow values calculated from colour hints. Aesthetic finish is then achieved, through energy minimisation of contour‐curves and further heuristics enforcing the appropriate sharp corners. To be more efficient, the user can also make use of our colour diffusion framework, which automatically extends colouring to small, internal regions such as those delimited by hatches. The resulting method robustly handles input contours with strong gaps. As an interactive tool, it minimizes user's efforts and enables any colouring strategy, as the result does not depend on the order of interactions. We also provide an automatized version of the colouring strategy for quick segmentation of contours images, that we illustrate with applications to medical imaging and sketch segmentation.
Dynamic navigation for prosthetically driven zygomatic implant placement in extensive maxillary defects: Results of a prospective case series
Authors: Wang Feng , Fan Shengchi , Huang Wei , Shen Yihan , Li Chaolun , Wu Yiqun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundZygomatic implants (ZIs) that are anchored in remote locations can significantly improve the retention and stability of prosthetic obturation in maxillary defect sites without the need for complex surgical reconstruction. However, ZI placement without alveolar bone guidance is challenging, especially when identifying the ideal three‐dimensional location of the “coronal part” of the implant fixture for further rehabilitation.PurposeTo investigate the feasibility and accuracy of surgical navigation for ZI placement using prosthetically driven plans to treat extensive maxillary defects.Material and MethodsSoftware was used to virtually plan the number and distribution of ZIs for maxillary defect patients according to the existing residual maxillofacial bone. The “coronal part” of the ZI was identified based on the existing maxillodental prosthetic flange, virtually planned infrastructure framework and superstructure. ZI placement was fully guided by surgical navigation.ResultsTen patients were enrolled. One patient had loose reflective spheres, which resulted in an inaccurate back‐reflection of the position during navigation. A total of 27 ZIs in the remaining 9 patients were placed uneventfully. The mean of the “coronal part” of the ZI, entry point of the zygomatic bone, apical deviation, and apical angle deviation were 1.50 mm, 1.39 mm, 1.95 mm, and 2.32°, respectively. A Computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacture milled bar and additional attachments were fabricated according to preoperative planning. No osseointegrated implant loss was detected. Six ZIs in three patients received implant surface polishing to reduce soft tissue irritation, and one ZI was submerged.DiscussionSurgical navigation facilitated the accurate and feasible placement of prosthetically driven ZIs that were preoperatively planned in patients with extensive maxillary defects.
Prior statin and short‐term outcomes of primary intracerebral hemorrhage: From a large‐scale nationwide longitudinal registry
Authors: Li Guangshuo , Wang Shang , Xiong Yunyun , Gu Hongqiu , Yang Kaixuan , Yang Xin , Wang Chunjuan , Wang Chuanying , Li Zixiao , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe relationship between statins and intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes is unclear.AimWe aimed to compare the in‐hospital mortality and evacuation of intracranial hematoma rates in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage between prior statin users and nonusers.ResultsThe final study population included 66,263 patients. Multivariable logistics analyses showed that prior statin use was not associated with in‐hospital mortality for primary intracerebral hemorrhage (adjusted odd ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.61–1.01), but reduced the proportion of patients undergoing evacuation of intracranial hematoma (adjusted odd ratio 0.70, 95% CI 0.61–0.82). Propensity score matching analyses yielded similar results.ConclusionPrior statin use was not associated with in‐hospital mortality but did reduce evacuation of intracranial hematoma rates.
Evidence on the role of social media in the illegal trade of Iranian wildlife
Authors: Sardari Pourya , Felfelian Farshad , Mohammadi Alireza , Nayeri Danial , Davis Elizabeth O. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe combination of increasing trade across an ever more globalized world and the ubiquity of social media access has led to unprecedented levels of wildlife exploitation. In this study, we opportunistically surveyed Instagram and Telegram from 2019 to 2020, two of Iran's most prominent social media platforms, for advertisements of illegally captured wildlife in Iran. In total we documented 305 advertisements for 63 species, including birds (29%), amphibians (27%), reptiles (26%), and mammals (17%). Trade was most active in June, which may be due to increased availability of young animals, following spring births. The majority of the species advertised for sale (65%) were classified by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as Least Concern, and 5% of the species we documented as being traded are Endangered. Some Endangered species advertised for sale were Caspian seal and Saker falcon. While the sale of all species is illegal in Iran, 25% of species were also listed on CITES as being prohibited for international trade. However, these domestic and international laws are not well‐enforced within Iran, in light of the scale of open trade we observed. We recommend that authorities devote more time to monitoring these online platforms, and that resources are provided to in‐country enforcement efforts during the spring and summer, the observed peak of capture and trade. We also suggest that further research be conducted into the sources of wildlife, motivations for selling wildlife, and motivations for purchasing wildlife.
Associations of HLA genetic variants with carbamazepine‐induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Biswas Mohitosh , Ershadian Maliheh , Shobana John , Nguyen Ai‐Hoc , Sukasem Chonlaphat 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAggregated risk of carbamazepine (CBZ)‐induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) with different HLA variants are unclear and limited in terms of the power of studies. This study aimed to assess the aggregated risk of CBZ‐induced cADRs associated with carrying the following HLA variants: HLA‐B*15:02, HLA‐B*15:11, HLA‐B*15:21, HLA‐B*38:02, HLA‐B*40:01, HLA‐B*46:01, HLA‐B*58:01, HLA‐A*24:02, and HLA‐A*31:01. Literature was searched in different databases following PRISMA guidelines. The outcomes were measured as odds ratio (OR) using RevMan software by a random/fixed effects model, where p < 0.05 was set as statistical significance. In total, 46 case–control studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this analysis consisting of 1817 cases and 6614 controls. It was found that case‐patients who carried the HLA‐B*15:02 allele were associated with a significantly increased risk of CBZ‐induced Stevens−Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) compared to controls (OR 26.01; 95% CI 15.88–42.60; p < 0.00001). The aggregated risk of cADRs was slightly higher in Asian compared to Caucasian patients (Asians: OR 14.84; 95% CI 8.95–24.61; p < 0.00001; Caucasians: OR 11.65; 95% CI 1.68–80.70; p = 0.01). Further, HLA‐B*15:11, HLA‐B*15:21, or HLA‐A*31:01 allele was also associated with significantly increased risk of CBZ‐induced cADRs (HLA‐B*15:11: OR 6.08; 95% CI 2.28–16.23; p = 0.0003; HLA‐B*15:21: OR 5.37; 95% CI 2.02–14.28; p = 0.0008; HLA‐A*31:01: OR 5.92; 95% CI 4.35–8.05; p < 0.00001). Other HLA variants were not found to have any significant associations with CBZ‐induced cADRs. Strong associations between the HLA‐B*15:02, HLA‐B*15:11, HLA‐B*15:21, or HLA‐A*31:01 allele with CBZ‐induced cADRs have been established in this analysis. Pharmacogenetic testing of particular HLA alleles before initiation of CBZ therapy may be beneficial to patients and may help to eradicate cADRs substantially.
On building cytomorphology skills: Influence of slide reviewing habits on diagnostic competency in cytology
Authors: Chiou Paul Z. , Jia Yuane 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe specific aims of the study are to assess whether the amount of time a cytology learner spends reviewing slides correlates with increased diagnostic competency and to determine whether time spent reviewing slides immediately after the multi‐head sessions correlates with a higher level of proficiency. The paper also seeks to explore the impacts of the time of day at which slides were reviewed on diagnostic learning outcome.MethodsData obtained through the cytology laboratory screening logs were reviewed, and the number of hours per day and the times of the day at which the students were present at the glass slide library were tabulated and compared against each of the seven‐unit slide exam scores in the semester to explore possible relationships.ResultsThere was a positive linear relationship (r = 0.29) between the number of hours students spent in the laboratory reviewing cases and competency. When the students' unit diagnostic test scores were classified into low and high categories for each test, there was a significant correlation (P = 0.008) between a lack of time spent screening slides in the lab and the number of times a student was ranked at the bottom of the class. Our data do not support a recency effect nor a difference in test scores between those who reviewed cases in the morning vs in the afternoon.ConclusionsWhile educating and training a strong cytology workforce may be challenging, our study provides new insights and sheds light on the importance of spending time reviewing slides, and provides guidance for struggling students on how best to improve. Inside this month’s Cytopathology: The aims of this study are to assess whether the amount of time a cytology learner spent reviewing slides correlates with increased diagnostic competency, and to determine whether time spent reviewing slides immediately after the multi‐head sessions correlates with a higher level of proficiency. The paper also seeks to explore the impacts of the time of day at which slides were reviewed on diagnostic learning outcome.
Trends in methamphetamine use, markets and harms in Australia, 2003–2019
Authors: Man Nicola , Sisson Scott A. , McKetin Rebecca , Chrzanowska Agata , Bruno Raimondo , Dietze Paul M. , Price Olivia , Degenhardt Louisa , Gibbs Daisy , Salom Caroline , Peacock Amy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo describe trends in methamphetamine use, markets and harms in Australia from 2003 to 2019.MethodsData comprised patterns of use and price from sentinel samples of people who inject drugs and who use MDMA/other illicit stimulants and population‐level amphetamine‐related police seizures, arrests, hospitalisations, treatment episodes and deaths from approximately 2003 to 2019. Bayesian autoregressive time‐series models were analysed for: no change; constant rate of change; and change over time differing in rate after one to three changepoints. Related indicators were analysed post hoc with identical changepoints.ResultsThe percentage of people who inject drugs reporting weekly use increased from 2010 to 2013 onwards, while use among samples of people who regularly use ecstasy and other illicit stimulants decreased. Seizures and arrests rose steeply from around 2009/10 to 2014/15 and subsequently plateaued. Price increased ($15.9 [95% credible interval, CrI $9.9, $28.9] per point of crystal per year) from around 2009 to 2011, plateauing and then declining from around 2017. Hospitalisation rates increased steeply from around 2009/10 until 2015/16, with a small subsequent decline. Treatment also increased (19.8 episodes [95% CrI 13.2, 27.6] with amphetamines as the principal drug of concern per 100 000 persons per year) from 2010/11 onwards. Deaths involving amphetamines increased (0.285 per 100 000 persons per year) from 2012 until 2016.Discussion and ConclusionsThese findings suggest that problematic methamphetamine use and harms escalated from 2010 to 2012 onwards in Australia, with continued demand and a sustained market for methamphetamine. [Correction added on 30 May 2022, after first online publication: In the Abstract under ‘Discussion and Conclusions’ ‘onwards’ has been added after … 2010 to 2012].
Exploring the medical cannabis prescribing behaviours of New Zealand physicians
Authors: Manoharan Rachel , Kemper Joya , Young Jenny 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionMany countries are changing their regulations for prescribing medical cannabis. As gatekeepers, physicians significantly impact patient access to cannabis treatments. It is important to explore how physicians view prescribing cannabis in terms of their existing beliefs, knowledge, possible concerns and personal perceptions.MethodsIndividual, semi‐structured telephone interviews were undertaken with 14 New Zealand physicians from various specialties. The interviews were thematically analysed using a phenomenological approach.ResultsThe physician–patient relationship was of extreme importance in making prescription decisions, driven largely by trust in the patient. Barriers to prescribing included concern over possible side effects, the quality and standardisation of medication, uncertainty about indications and equity concerns from the high cost for lower socio‐economic patients. Some physicians held concerns over their liability and risks to their reputation if issues arose for patients.Discussion and ConclusionThe way physicians regard prescribing medical cannabis is based on their personal beliefs and knowledge built up over their medical career. It is important that these are taken into consideration in the design of future guidelines to help alleviate uncertainties and reduce barriers for informed prescribing. While our research and previous research find that physicians generally will follow clinical guidelines based on institutional logics (i.e. the standardised approach to medicine), we find that physicians often allow their personal construals to determine their perceptions and prescribing behaviour to a considerable extent when they practice medicine. Our findings have implications for Continuing Medical Education, marketing and regulation for medical cannabis, especially about the wording of guideline adherence.
Virtual epileptic patient brain modeling: Relationships with seizure onset and surgical outcome
Authors: Makhalova Julia , Medina Villalon Samuel , Wang Huifang , Giusiano Bernard , Woodman Marmaduke , Bénar Christian , Guye Maxime , Jirsa Viktor , Bartolomei Fabrice 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe virtual epileptic patient (VEP) is a large‐scale brain modeling method based on virtual brain technology, using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), anatomical data (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and connectivity), and a computational neuronal model to provide computer simulations of a patient's seizures. VEP has potential interest in the presurgical evaluation of drug‐resistant epilepsy by identifying regions most likely to generate seizures. We aimed to assess the performance of the VEP approach in estimating the epileptogenic zone and in predicting surgical outcome.MethodsVEP modeling was retrospectively applied in a cohort of 53 patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and available SEEG, T1‐weighted MRI, and diffusion‐weighted MRI. Precision recall was used to compare the regions identified as epileptogenic by VEP (EZVEP) to the epileptogenic zone defined by clinical analysis incorporating the Epileptogenicity Index (EI) method (EZC). In 28 operated patients, we compared the VEP results and clinical analysis with surgical outcome.ResultsVEP showed a precision of 64% and a recall of 44% for EZVEP detection compared to EZC. There was a better concordance of VEP predictions with clinical results, with higher precision (77%) in seizure‐free compared to non‐seizure‐free patients. Although the completeness of resection was significantly correlated with surgical outcome for both EZC and EZVEP, there was a significantly higher number of regions defined as epileptogenic exclusively by VEP that remained nonresected in non‐seizure‐free patients.SignificanceVEP is the first computational model that estimates the extent and organization of the epileptogenic zone network. It is characterized by good precision in detecting epileptogenic regions as defined by a combination of visual analysis and EI. The potential impact of VEP on improving surgical prognosis remains to be exploited. Analysis of factors limiting the performance of the actual model is crucial for its further development.
Oogenesis and embryogenesis in a cryptogenic species of calcareous sponge (Calcaronea, Heteropiidae) in the southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Lanna Emilio , Klautau Michelle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCalcarea is a diverse group of sponges, in which individuals are generally small and found in cryptic habitats. These characteristics hamper the access to them and, consequently, the knowledge about several aspects of their biology, including reproduction. Little is known about many reproductive aspects of these sponges and broad generalizations are made upon few studied species. Therefore, investigations dealing with the oogenesis and embryogenesis of more species are still necessary. Sycettusa hastifera is an alien species in the southwestern Atlantic. Knowledge about its reproduction would not only help to improve our comprehension of reproduction in Calcaronea but would also help to understand the capacity of this exotic species to colonize. Histological and electron microscopy analyses of individuals sampled at Arraial do Cabo (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) showed that oogenesis in S. hastifera was long (4–6 months) and nutrients were acquired by association with nurse cells and endocytosis of bacteria, yielding heterogeneous and complex yolk inclusions. Cleavage, inversion, and amphiblastula larvae were similar to what has been observed in other calcaroneans, except for the larval cavity lacking amoeboid cells and the relatively long swimming period of the amphiblastula (on average 12 h, but reaching 72 h). Our results indicate that the vitellogenic mechanism characterized as mixed (an ancestral characteristic of Calcaronea) is strongly influenced by autosynthesis; during cleavage, cell fates could be determined from embryo to larva; and inversion of the embryo (which will become the amphiblastula larva) directly into the choanocyte chamber is an ancestral characteristic of Calcaronea. Despite the absence of amoeboid cells or other structures to nourish the larva, the long swimming period suggests that vitellogenesis is sufficient for the maintenance of the embryo and larva until metamorphosis. This characteristic may facilitate the spread of this cryptogenic species to new regions.