bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redshift weighted galaxy number counts
Authors: Matthewson William L. , Stock Dennis , Durrer Ruth 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper we introduce the 'redshift fluctuation' as a gauge-invariant cosmological observable and give its fully relativistic expression at first order in cosmological perturbation theory. We show that this corresponds effectively to number counts with a radial window function with vanishing mean which therefore resolve smaller scale radial modes than standard number counts. In a detailed analysis of the angular power spectrum of this new variable, we study the relevance of different relativistic contributions, and how it differs from the conventional observable galaxy number count fluctuations. In order to investigate its utility for future spectroscopic surveys, we perform Fisher forecasts for a Euclid-like and an SKAII-like configuration, as examples. Particular focus is placed on the dependence of the results on the size of the redshift bins and on the cutoff in ℓ adopted in the analysis.
Surface geometry and shadow of a Schwarzschild black hole with a halo*
Authors: Wang Mingzhi , Guo Guanghai , Chen Songbai , Jing Jiliang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We studied the surface geometry and shadows of a Schwarzschild black hole with a halo containing quadrupolar and octopolar terms. It was found that the quadrupole term causes a Schwarzschild black hole to be prolate at the quadrupole strength

and oblate at

, and the octopole term causes to the shadow stretch upward at the octopolar strength ngth

and downward at

. The shadow of a Schwarzschild black hole with a halo stretches and squeezes along the horizontal direction at

and

, respectively. Meanwhile, the black hole shadow shifts upward at

and downward at

. We present the light rays that form the shadow boundary to explain the emergence of the extraordinary patterns of the black hole shadow with quadrupole and octopole terms. From the observable width W, height H, oblateness K, and distortion parameter

of the black hole shadow, we can determine the quadrupole and octopolar strengths of a Schwarzschild black hole with a halo. Our results show that the quadrupolar and octopolar terms yield a series of interesting patterns for the shadow of a Schwarzschild black hole with a halo.
Wind turbine wakes can impact down-wind vegetation greenness
Authors: Diffendorfer Jay E , Vanderhoof Melanie K , Ancona Zach H 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Global wind energy has expanded 5-fold since 2010 and is predicted to expand another 8–10-fold over the next 30 years. Wakes generated by wind turbines can alter downwind microclimates and potentially downwind vegetation. However, the design of past studies has made it difficult to isolate the impact of wake effects on vegetation from land cover change. We used hourly wind data to model wake and non-wake zones around 17 wind facilities across the U.S. and compared remotely-sensed vegetation greenness in wake and non-wake zones before and after construction. We located sampling sites only in the dominant vegetation type and in areas that were not disturbed before or after construction. We found evidence for wake effects on vegetation greenness at 10 of 17 facilities for portions of, or the entire growing season. Evidence included statistical significance in Before After Control Impact statistical models, differences >3% between expected and observed values of vegetation greenness, and consistent spatial patterns of anomalies in vegetation greenness relative to turbine locations and wind direction. Wakes induced both increases and decreases in vegetation greenness, which may be difficult to predict prior to construction. The magnitude of wake effects depended primarily on precipitation and to a lesser degree aridity. Wake effects did not show trends over time following construction, suggesting the changes impact vegetation greenness within a growing season, but do not accrue over years. Even small changes in vegetation greenness, similar to those found in this study, have been seen to affect higher trophic levels. Given the rapid global growth of wind energy, and the importance of vegetation condition for agriculture, grazing, wildlife, and carbon storage, understanding how wakes from wind turbines impact vegetation is essential to exploit or ameliorate these effects.
On inferred real-world fuel consumption of past decade plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in the US
Authors: Hamza Karim , Laberteaux Kenneth P , Chu Kang-Ching 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have powertrain architectures that seek to combine the best features of two well-known powertrains: the environmental and other benefits of electric driving of battery electric vehicles; and the fuel efficiency and, due to widely-available fueling infrastructure and quick refueling times, limitless practical range of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Different regulatory organizations around the world have different standard testing procedures, and accordingly, different predictions for the degree of efficacy of PHEVs at reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, there is somewhat of a consensus that PHEVs have the capacity for significant GHG reduction compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, yet some recent studies have claimed the real-world fuel consumption of PHEVs to be more than twice their standard ratings. A key factor to the efficacy of GHG reduction via PHEVs is the fraction of miles traveled in electric mode, also known as the utility factor (UF). In this work, we reinvestigate the data sources cited in previous studies for PHEVs in the US for the inferred real-world UF and fuel consumption via same estimation approaches as a previous study. We then compare with UF from SAE J2841 standard and fuel consumption ratings from the US environmental protection agency. While noting that it is difficult if not impossible to discern the exact reason for observed deviations given the available information in the cited data sources, we find the real-world fuel consumption of PHEVs in the US to be within 62% better to 21% worse than their standard ratings in the US, and generally, significantly better than a comparable HEV. Contrasted with reported results for other parts of the world, the results are viewed as a testimony to the importance of proper procedures for evaluation of PHEVs to reflect their correct environmental benefit value.
Outcomes of Extended Pedicle Technique vs Free Nipple Graft Reduction Mammoplasty for Patients With Gigantomastia
Authors: Talwar Ankoor A , Copeland-Halperin Libby R , Walsh Landis R , Christopher Adrienne N , Cunning Jessica , Broach Robyn B , Baratta Michael D , Copeland Michelle , Shankaran Vidya , Butler Paris D 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Optimal reduction mammoplasty techniques to treat patients with gigantomastia have been debated and can involve extended pedicles (EP) or free nipple grafts (FNG).

Objectives
The authors compared clinical, patient-reported, and aesthetic outcomes associated with reduction mammoplasty employing EP vs FNG.

Methods
A multi-institutional, retrospective study of adult patients with gigantomastia who underwent reduction mammoplasty at 2 tertiary care centers from 2017 to 2020 was performed. Gigantomastia was defined as reduction weight &gt;1500 g per breast or sternal notch-to-nipple distance ≥40 cm. Surgeons at 1 institution employed the EP technique, whereas those at the other utilized FNG. Baseline characteristics, preoperative and postoperative BREAST-Q, and clinical outcomes were collected. Aesthetic outcomes were assessed in 1:1 propensity score-matched cases across techniques. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were provided to reviewers across the academic plastic surgery continuum (students to faculty) and non-medical individuals to evaluate aesthetic outcomes.

Results
Fifty-two patients met the inclusion criteria (21 FNG, 31 EP). FNG patients had a higher incidence of postoperative cellulitis (23% vs 0%, P &lt; 0.05) but no other differences in surgical or medical complications. Baseline BREAST-Q scores did not differ between groups. Postoperative BREAST-Q scores revealed greater satisfaction with the EP technique (P &lt; 0.01). The aesthetic assessment of outcomes in 14 matched pairs of patients found significantly better aesthetic outcomes in all domains with the EP procedure (P &lt; 0.05), independent of institution or surgical experience.

Conclusions
This multi-institutional study suggests that, compared with FNG, the EP technique for reduction mammoplasty provides superior clinical, patient-reported, and aesthetic outcomes for patients with gigantomastia.

Level of Evidence: 4
135. A COMPARISON OF THE INOUE ASSESSMENT METHODS AND THE HILL GRADING OF THE GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION IN DIAGNOSING REFLUX SYMPTOM SEVERITY, ESOPHAGITIS, AND GERD AMONG PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT UPPER GI ENDOSCOPY IN A TERTIARY HEALTHCARE FACILITY
Authors: Tan Michael Alek , Go Chris Jordan , So-Cabahug Jacklyn , Uy Karen Kaye , Sanchez Danica , Talingdan-Te Marilyn , Uy Manley 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) results from failure of the anti-reflux barriers in the gastroesophageal junction. Inoue proposed cardiac opening (CO), sliding hernia (SH), and scope holding time (SHT%) to assess this junction.
To compare these Inoue methods and the Hill grade in diagnosis of severe GERD symptoms, moderate–severe esophagitis and GERD.
Patients scheduled for gastroscopy off proton pump inhibitors were included. Symptoms were assessed using the GERDQ score. Esophagitis was determined using the modified LA Classification. The gastroesophageal junction was described using the Inoue methods and the Hill grade. The Inoue methods individually and as a composite score were compared to Hill grade.
We were unable to reach our target sample size of 91. Only 69 patients were included. In severe GERD symptom diagnosis (GERDQ ≥11), Inoue score (composed of CO and SH with 1 point each) had good performance (AUC 0.87, 95%CI 0.70–1.04). In moderate–severe esophagitis diagnosis (LA grades B-D), SH (AUC 0.73, 95%CI 0.58–0.88) and Inoue score (AUC 0.79, 95%CI 0.64–0.94) had fair performance. In GERD (either GERDQ ≥8 or esophagitis) diagnosis, Inoue score (AUC 0.88, 95%CI 0.80–0.97) and CO (AUC 0.76, 95%CI 0.63–0.89) had fair-good performance. The rest had poor or failed values.
Inoue score had fair-good performance in diagnosing severe GERD symptoms, moderate–severe esophagitis and GERD. Sliding hernia had fair performance in diagnosing moderate–severe esophagitis. CO had fair performance in diagnosing GERD. SHT% and Hill grade were poor/failed for all outcomes.
161. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TELEPHONE AND INTERNET-BASED SUPPORTIVE CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL CANCER ON ENHANCED RECOVERY AFTER SURGERY IN CHINA
Authors: Yu Yuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Esophageal cancer patients face problems related to eating and surgery-related symptoms. The eating-related problems are characterized by dysphagia, appetite loss, and nausea/vomiting linked to anatomic changes and the reconfiguration of their upper GI tract. Of all the surgery-related problems, 30% of patients reported fatigue/pain symptom cluster (pain, fatigue, insomnia, dyspnea), and 27% of patients reported the reflux/cough cluster (dry mouth, taste changes, cough, reflux). Evidence shows that the supportive care needs of esophageal cancer patients are very high.
The study was designed as an open-label, randomized controlled trial to value the efficacy of a nurse-led supportive care program in comparison with conventional care. The control group received conventional care. Patients from the intervention group received conventional care and one-on-one phone calls from nurses following their discharge assessments and education about nutrition and symptoms. Nurses also set up a WeChat group, which they invited patients to join in before discharge. Nutritional status, quality of life, the helpfulness of the follow-up service, and the patients’ satisfaction were compared 6 months after discharge to assess for differences between the two groups.
168 patients were included in the study, with 86 patients in the intervention group and 82 in the control group. Significant differences between the intervention and control groups were found in the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 and simple diet self-assessment tool scores. The changes in blood albumin, prealbumin, and transferrin were also statistically significant. All QLQ-C30 results of the intervention group were better than those of the control group. The patients’ scores on the helpfulness of the follow-up service and their satisfaction with it were both significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group.
This study highlighted the important role of nurse-led supportive care based on telephone and Internet-based support for patients after ERAS. The supportive care improved patients’ nutritional status, elevated their quality of life, and improved their satisfaction with the care provided to them.
207. THE EVOLUTION OF THE PERIOPERATIVE ENHANCED RECOVERY PROTOCOL IN ESOPHAGEAL SURGERY DURING 10 YEARS
Authors: Yan Maria , Ruchkin Dmitry 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The perioperative enhanced recovery protocol routinely uses in esophageal surgery. It acquired new aspects which were adapted to reduce the rate of morbidity and mortality. Esophagectomy still remains a high-risk operation, which carries out in high-volume centers on patients with significant comorbidities. It challenges the multidisciplinary team to personalize approach to create a safe recovery after surgery. The objective of the study is to show the aspects of evolution of the protocol after esophageal surgery.
A total 393 patients with benign and malignant esophageal diseases underwent esophagectomy with simultaneous reconstruction between December 2012 and December 2021. The median age was 59 years (47;67), females were 39,7% and males—60,3%. The prevalence of the patient with nutritional deficiency was 20% (BIM &lt; 18.5) and ASA score III-IV—66,9%. The tranthoracic and transhiatal esophagectomy were used for 42,2% and 57,8% of patients with the reconstruction by gastric pull up (92,1%), colon conduit (6,4%), jejunal loop interpostion with gastric pull-up 1% and with colon conduit 0,5%.
169 patients (43%) had postoperative complications, while 28,9% of them had one complication and 3,6% more than 4 complications at the same time. The prevalence of complications: pneumonia—8,2%, atrial dysrhythmia requiring intervention—7,7%, pulmonary embolism—1%, acute renal failure requiring dialysis—1,5%. The anastomotic leak occured in 5,4% patients and conduit necrosis—in 2,8% (2,3% extensive) patients. The prevalence of patients required repeated surgery was 6,4%. The rate of severe complications (&gt;IIIb- Clavien-Dindo) was 14,4%. Median postoperative day was 9 (8;11). The postoperative mortality rate 1,8%.
The aspects of the perioperative enhanced recovery protocol were modified to complicated surgery with simultaneous resection of other organs, esophagogastrectomy or reconstruction by combined conduit with jejunal loop with early oral feeding and rapid recovery. The decade-long experience of the evolution of the perioperative enhanced recovery protocol has led to the development of the personalized approach to the patients with significant comorbidities that allowed reducing the incidence of postoperative complications and mortality after esophagectomy.
221. ANASTOMOTIC LEAK AFTER A CARDIO-OESOPHAGECTOMY: A RETROSPECTIVE 12 YEAR EXPERIENCE OF A TERTIARY CENTRE
Authors: Chaudhury Madhu , Singh Mohan , Shetty Vinutha , Ball Chris , Ward Jeremy , Turner Paul , Pursnani Kishore 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Anastomotic leak (AL) post cardio-oesophagectomy remains a significant complication which can impact morbidity and mortality. Incidences of anastomotic leakage after oesophagectomy range between 0 and 20%. Current clinical practice is driven by regional centres and anecdotal experience. We present our 12 year experience with managing patients with anastomotic leaks.
This was a retrospective study using the electronic database to analyse the incidence of anastomotic leak in consecutive patients who underwent elective cardio-oesophagectomy from April 2009 to December 2021 in a Tertiary Upper GI cancer centre. The grade of the AL was determined according to the Clavien-Dindo Grade (CDG). A leak associated with Grade &gt; III was categorised as severe anastomotic leak. We used Cox multivariable analysis to observe any link in the severity of the anastomotic leak and prognosis.
A total of 560 patients underwent cardio-oesophagectomy. The median length of stay was 13 (Range 3 to 148 days) days and the median age was 66 (46–79) years. M/F 2:1. AL was seen in 26 cases (4.3%); of which 9 cases (0.7%) were classified as severe AL (CDG &gt; 3). Our results are presented on the table attached. Statistical analysis does not show any link between the severity of the anastomotic leak, those who had neoadjuvant therapy and the survival outcome.
Anastomotic leaks of all grades prolongs both ITU and hospital stay. This subsequently causes delays in adjuvant therapies affecting long term prognosis. Aggressive treatment early on for large leaks suggests no significant compromise on over-all long-term prognosis.
236. TH1 CELL IS THE KEY IMMUNE-ASSOCIATED PREDICTOR OF PATHOLOGICAL COMPLETE RESPONSE FOLLOWING NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIATION FOR ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Yuan Jianye , Weng Zelin , Xie Xiuying , Wen Jing , Fu Jianhua 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery is recommended for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Patients achieve pathological complete response (pCR) have better survival outcomes. Immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) are potential to affect chemoradiation sensitivity. Our study aimed to discover key immune-associated predictors of pCR for ESCC.
The infiltrations of multiple immune cells were estimated by ImmuCellAI and cibersort based on RNA-seq data of fifty ESCC samples before treatment. The infiltrations of immune cells including Th1 cells, CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, NKT cells and DCs were evaluated by multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) in 131 ESCC samples before treatment. In-vitro cell experiments were performed to discover the effects of Th1 cells on tumor cells.
The analysis of RNA-seq data of ESCC revealed that the infiltration of Th1 cells was higher in pCR group. Results of mIHC demonstrated that infiltrations of Th1 cells and its relevant immune cells including CD8+ T cells, NK cells, NKT cells and DCs were positively associated with pCR. ESCC samples were divided into two subtypes based on the infiltration of these immune cells, with the high infiltration subtype was easier to achieve pCR. In-vitro cell experiments confirmed that Th1 cells were able to inhibit proliferation and improve chemoradiation sensitivity of tumor cells.
Infiltrations of Th1 cells and its relevant immune cells are positively associated with pCR following neoadjuvant chemoradiation in ESCC. Th1 cells can improve the chemoradiation sensitivity of tumor cells.
240. PERIOPERATIVE OUTCOME AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUE OF TRANSMEDIASTINAL ESOPHAGECTOMY FOR ESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION CANCER
Authors: Shiozaki Atsushi , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Konishi Hirotaka , Ohashi Takuma , Shimizu Hiroki , Arita Tomohiro , Yamamoto Yusuke , Morimura Ryo , Kuriu Yoshiaki , Ikoma Hisashi , Kubota Takeshi , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We started performing mediastinal lymph node dissection by a laparoscopic transhiatal approach (LTHA) in 2009. To date, 463 patients had undergone our method during various esophageal surgical procedures, including esophagogastric junction cancer (EGJC). Furthermore, we started performing single-port mediastinoscopic cervical approach in 2014, and developed a simple technique for transmediastinal esophagectomy (TME) without thoracic approach (350 cases). Fifty four patients with EGJC were treated by TME.
Left single-port mediastinoscopic cervical approach was performed with pneumomediastinum. Mainly for advanced SCC, upper mediastinal lymph node dissection including recurrent laryngeal nerve LNs was performed with intraoperative monitoring using NIM system. Next, LTHA was performed for en bloc mediastinal lymph node dissection. The esophageal hiatus was opened, and working space was secured by Long Retractors. The posterior plane of the pericardium was extended. The posterior side of LNs was then separated. Finally, while lifting LNs like a membrane, they were resected from bilateral mediastinal pleura. Reconstruction with narrow gastric conduit was performed through substernal tract.
Patients with EGJC performed TME were analyzed (n = 54, SCC/Adeno/Others = 29/23/2). Upper mediastinal lymph node metastasis was found in 9 cases (SCC/Adeno = 5/4), middle mediastinal lymph node metastasis was found in 5 cases (SCC/Adeno = 3/2), and all of them had advanced tumors. Their perioperative outcome were compared with those performed the right thoracotomy (n = 41). The operative time and bleeding were decreased by TME. The number of resected mediastinal lymph nodes, pR0 rate, and mediastinal recurrence in the two groups were not different. In 92.6% of patients treated by TME, extubation was performed at 0 POD. Postoperative respiratory complications was decreased by TME (TME:7.4%, thoracotomy:17.1%).
This procedure, TME, resulted in a good surgical view, safe en-bloc mediastinal lymph node dissection, and the decrease of postoperative respiratory complications in patients with EGJC.
244. EXPLORING THE OPTIMAL STARTING AGE FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER SCREENING BASED ON DATA FROM A MULTICENTER POPULATIONS-BASED COHORT AND CANCER REGISTRY
Authors: Chen Ru , Dou Lizhou , Zhou Jiachen , Song Guohui , Li Bianyun , Zhao Deli , Hua Zhaolai , Wang Xinzheng , Li Jun , Hao Changqing , Li Yanyan , Feng Xiang , Li Lin , Wei Wenqiang , Wang Guiqi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although endoscopic screening has been proven to be effective in reducing the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer, evidence is limited on the determination of starting age for individuals participating in the screening. The aim of this study is to provide evidence-based recommendations on starting age for esophageal cancer screening.
We used the data from a multicenter prospective screening cohort in high-risk areas of esophageal cancer in China to explore the starting age of population-based screening. The target population was all permanent residents aged between 40 and 69 years from six centers. The hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and number needed to screen (NNS) were compared between the screened group and the unscreened group in different age groups. The starting age of opportunistic screening for general population was analyzed based on the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer estimated from cancer registry.
The cohort analyzed in this study consisted 113340 screened and 224677 unscreened subjects. Compared with the unscreened group, significant reductions were observed in incidence and mortality in all age groups in the screened group except for the incidence in the 40–49 age group (HR = 0.94, 95%CI:0.79–1.13). There were large gaps in the effectiveness of screening for different age groups. The NNS to prevent one esophageal cancer death was 769, 198 and 63 in the 40–49, 50–59 and 60–69 age groups, respectively. Incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in the general population attained the average at the age of 50–54 years.
Postponing the starting age of endoscopic screening to 50 years might improve the effectiveness of screening in high-risk areas. Individuals with general risk could take their first endoscopic screening at the age of 50–54 years.