bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Two New Analogues of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)D-alanine8 and D-alanine
Authors: Y. Saour Kawkab 
Published: March 2022

So far synthesis of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) analogues reported in the literature has clarified some aspects of structural activity of the naturally released GnRH. As a part of continuing efforts for further understanding of this relationship, the present investigation was undertaken which involved synthesis and biological evaluation of two GnRH analogues, firstly, by replacement of the amino acid L-Argenine in the 8th position at the backbone structure of the natural hormone by the amino acid D-Alanine; and secondly, by replacement of the amino acid L-Glycine in the 10th position by D-Alanine also at the backbone structure of the nature hormone, to obtain the following analogues respectively:
PGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-DAla-Pro-Gly-NH2 (Analogue I: D-Alanine8 GnRH),
PGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-DAla-NH2 (Analogue II: D-Alanine10 GnRH), which were synthesized by applying conventional solution method. Peptides were purified by several recrystallization using appropriate solvent and proved to be homogenous. Conformity of the synthetic procedure was achieved by applying different physico-chemical analyses including Melting Point (mp), Thin Layer Chromatography (Tlc.), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Elemental Analysis (CHN), Amino Acid Analysis (AAA), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H1NMR).Preliminary biological activity of the two analogues was determined by testing their effects of parenteral administration on ascorbic acid depletion from the ovary of pseudopregnant mice and compared with that of natural GnRH hormone. Analogue II showed significant ascorbic acid depletion as compared to the native hormone while the percentage in ascorbic acid depletion after administration of analogue I were not significant as compared to the native hormone.
Key Words: Gonadotropine releasing hormone, Peptide synthesis, Biological activity of GnRH
REVERSE ENGINEERING OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS USING ANALYTICAL NETWORKS
Authors: Rovinskyi V. A. , Yevchuk O. V. 
Published: March 2022

A method for the synthesis of numerical models based on analytical networks for nonlinear systems ofincreased complexity using their known input and output signals taken synchronously is proposed. The functioning of the proposed analytical networks is based on the use of a modified genetic algorithm and a library of blocks of constant functionality. Genotype structure and mutation algorithms are proposed for describing an analyticalnetwork. In addition, methods for modeling complex non-linear systems using the Volterra, Wiener-Hammerstein series, adaptive filters, non-linear model of an autoregressive moving average with exogenous inputs, neural networks and genetic algorithms are considered, and the main problems that arise when using these models are identified. Apractical example of the possibility of using the analytical network is shown on the example of the resynthesis of asound synthesizer. A typical diagram of such a synthesizer is described. A possible scheme of a re-synthesized system based on an analytical network that is functionally as similar as possible to desired system is considered. The possibility of automatically constructing a numerical model of the reaction of a nonlinear mechanical system to inputdisturbances using known input and output signals recorded synchronously is shown. The main difficulties of theresynthesis of complex systems for sound reproduction are considered - the influence of psychoacoustic phenomena on the perception of synthesis results and the need to ensure high fidelity for obtaining adequate results are shown.The structure of typical blocks of the analytical network is proposed, which should include typical conversions used in digital signal processing, arithmetic and logical operations, correlation and comparison blocks, hysteresis components, and in addition, typical possible standard blocks of a system that undergoes resynthesis.
DYNAMIC DECOMPOSITIONAL APPROACH TO LEVEL ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF CITIES
Authors: Krykhivskyi M. V. , Mukhajliv V. I. , Samaniv L. V. 
Published: March 2022

The development of technologies and production today is closely connected with the prevention of negative impact on the environment by interstate agreements and the legislation of countries. However, a unified methodology for assessing anthropogenic activity in the context of changes in ecological systems does not yet exist. Different approaches to this problem lead to different methods and, accordingly, to different results.
The main focus of scientific developments in this area is paid to the processes of environmental pollution, emissions and waste of industrial production and life. It is the changes, and the most dangerous of them are irreversible, that is the aspect that fully reflect the adequacy in assessing the level of environmental safety. Therefore, an important and urgent task of science today should be considered predicting changes in ecological systems due to the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors. The solution to this problem is impossible without the development of new mathematical diagnostic methods.
The study is aimed at developing tools to support strategic environmental assessment of ecological systems of cities in the context of the concept of environmental impact assessment. A theoretical tool is proposed that makes it possible to both predict and investigate the existing situation.
The paper considers a new scientific and practical approach to diagnostics of the ecological state of natural technogenic components of cities (urban ecosystems). It is proposed to assess the level of environmental safety by mathematical modeling of a system with a variable structure. The study is based on the trajectory of fuzzy structures of the ecosystem, combining integral indicators and bioindication.
The proposed mathematical model will make it possible to formalize changes in the environment. This approach improves the methodology for a comprehensive assessment of all components of the environment and will allow the use of computer technology for these purposes, and will make the diagnosis more objective. The theory of dynamic decomposition substantiates a method for assessing the level of environmental safety based on fuzzy states of the ecosystem.
Formalization can be used to automate the diagnostics of the ecological safety of cities and to develop algorithmic support for complex analysis at the level of natural technogenic complexes of cities.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CALCULATING THE STRUCTURE OF A LIQUID (MELT) USING DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
Authors: Vavruk T. O. , Tcareva O. S. , Malko O. G. , Hobur L. M. , Podubinska N. D. 
Published: March 2022

This article considers a spatio-temporal study of the structure of melts using the correlation functions of the distribution of physical and chemical analysis. The authors consider the properties of metallic melts and their dependence on the physical state of the melt. The dynamic structure of the melt is considered, the numerical description is given. The binary distribution function is distinguished as the one that best corresponds to the structure of the fluid. With the help of the atomic distribution function, if the interaction potentials are known, it is possible to find the equation of state of a system fluid, to determine its energy, compression, and a number of other kinetic and thermodynamic quantities. The atomic distribution function allows you to quantify the parameters of the short order in a liquid. The authors indicate two approaches for the theoretical calculation of the atomic distribution function to quantify short-range parameters in a fluid based on integro-differential equations that relate correlation functions to interaction potentials.
For real systems, the most common methods of finding the radial distribution function are the method of diffraction of X-rays, neurons or electrons. This paper presents the results of X-ray diffraction by Pb-Cd melts, calculated functions of radial distribution of atomic density, presents the main parameters of the radial distribution function and the results of model interpretation.
The article proves that the implementation of the mathematical model is possible through the theoretical calculation of distribution functions. The authors took as a basis the solutions of integro-differential equations, which include both the equation of the complete and correlation functions, and the equation that connects the distribution functions with the even interaction potential. The proposed mathematical model is implemented using the function of radial distribution of atomic density on the basis of physicochemical analysis. As a result of realization, the dependences of the percentage of atoms on the coordination numbers calculated in two ways in the graphical results are obtained.
MODEL OF PNEUMOMETRIC DENSITY METER FOR MEASURING THE DENSITY OF DRILLING SOLUTIONS OF OIL AND GAS WELLS
Authors: Shavranskyi M. V. , Borun V. S. , Chygur I. I. , Zvaruch H. H. , Kuchmustenko O. V. , Malko O. G. 
Published: March 2022

The development of automatic pneumometric densitometers is promising not only for drilling fluids. They can be used in the food, chemical, refining, oil depots and storage facilities. Based on them, you can build systems for quantitative accounting of liquid products in units of mass. Possessing high accuracy, pneumometric densitometers are simple and reliable, convenient in operation and, most importantly, are completed with the elements serially issued by the industry.
The article presents a block diagram of a differential pneumometric densitometer with ballast pressure compensator in the minus pneumoline and shows the calculation which shows that the main source of error is the pressure loss in the pneumolines, zero drift of the differential pressure gauge, cancellation of real values ​​of static coefficients from differential. It is pointed out that in order to find the value of pressure and flow at each point of the pneumoline, even for simple models, it is necessary to make complex calculations. An analytical solution can only be obtained for individual cases that are of no practical value.
Therefore, for the analysis of a pneumoline of a densitometer it is most rational to use a method of electrohydraulic analogy (EGDA) and to pass from a pneumatic line with the distributed parameters to similar electric with rarefied parameters. We obtained a model of a pneumometric densitometer in the form of an electrical circuit, which requires further research, electrical engineering methods, to clarify the coefficients and parameters of the model and check its adequacy.
Thalamic stereoelectroencephalography in epilepsy surgery: a scoping literature review
Authors: Gadot Ron , Korst Genevieve , Shofty Ben , Gavvala Jay R. , Sheth Sameer A. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE
Stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) is a well-established surgical method for defining the epileptogenic network. Traditionally reserved for identifying discrete cortical regions for resection or ablation, sEEG in current practice is also used for identifying more broadly involved subcortical epileptic network components, driven by the availability of brain-based neuromodulation strategies. In particular, sEEG investigations including thalamic nuclei are becoming more frequent in parallel with the increase in therapeutic strategies involving thalamic targets such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS). The objective to this study was to evaluate existing evidence and trends regarding the purpose, techniques, and relevant electrographic findings of thalamic sEEG.

METHODS
MEDLINE and Embase databases were systematically queried for eligible peer-reviewed studies involving sEEG electrode implantation into thalamic nuclei of patients with epilepsy. Available data were abstracted concerning preoperative workup and purpose for implanting the thalamus, thalamic targets and trajectories, and electrophysiological methodology and findings.

RESULTS
sEEG investigations have included thalamic targets for both basic and clinical research purposes. Medial pulvinar, dorsomedial, anterior, and centromedian nuclei have been the most frequently studied. Few studies have reported any complications with thalamic sEEG implantation, and no studies have reported long-term complications. Various methods have been utilized to characterize thalamic activity in epileptic disorders including evoked potentials, power spectrograms, synchronization indices, and the epileptogenicity index. Thalamic intracranial recordings are beginning to be used to guide neuromodulation strategies including RNS and DBS, as well as to understand complex, network-dependent seizure disorders.

CONCLUSIONS
Inclusion of thalamic coverage during sEEG evaluation in drug-resistant epilepsy is a growing practice and is amenable to various methods of electrographic data analysis. Further study is required to establish well-defined criteria for thalamic implantation during invasive investigations as well as safety and ethical considerations.
المشكلات التي واجهت مهنة الغوص للبحث عن اللؤلؤ في الشارقة
Authors: Alsuwaidi Marwa mohamed , Benkheira Nadjib 
Published: March 2022

تعد مهنة صيد اللؤلؤ والبحث عنه المهنة الأبرز في منطقة الخليج العربي في مرحلة ما قبل اكتشاف النفط ، فقد كان لمهنة الغوص للبحث عن اللؤلؤ عظيم الأثر في التنمية الاقتصادية، والتي كانت تعيشها دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة بصفة عامة والشارقة بصفة خاصة، حيث ظلت مهنة الغوص للبحث عن اللؤلؤ المهنة الأكثر انتشاراً في إمارة الشارقة وباقي الإمارات على ساحل الخليج، نظراً لما يحتويه الخليج العربي من كنوز في باطنه ، غير أن هذه المهنة قد واجهت العديد من الصعوبات التي أدت إلى اندثارها وعزوف أهل الإمارة عنها لما لها من مشاق ومخاطر كبيرة ، وكان من أبرز تلك المخاطر : ظهور ما يطلق عليه " اللؤلؤ المستنبت" أو "اللؤلؤ الصناعي" الذي أخذ ينافس وبقوة اللؤلؤ الطبيعي في الأسواق العالمية، بالإضافة إلى نشوب الحرب العالمية الأولى وما تبعها من إجراءات اقتصادية أثرت على تجارة اللؤلؤ، فضلاً عن التطور الاقتصادي الكبير الذي ظهر في إمارة الشارقة والإمارات العربية المتحدة ، وكافة دول الخليج نتيجة ظهور البترول والغاز الطبيعي ، مما أثر بالسلب على هذه التجارة ، وأدى إلى اندثار عصر الغوص على اللؤلؤ وجعله في طي النسيان.
الكتابة: أدواتها ودلالاتها بين الثابت والمتحوّل
Authors: ALabidi Leila Y. 
Published: March 2022

إنّ تاريخ الكتابة هو تاريخ الإنسان وهو يطوّر من وسائل عيشه وتقنيات سيطرته على الطبيعة وترويض توحّشها وتسخيرها لخدمته وراحته والكتابة هي صورة لهذا الإنسان في صيرورته التاريخيّة وهو يجتهد في أن يكتب وجوده على الحجر والشجر ثمّ جلود الحيوان وصولا إلى الورق الذي عرف بدوره تطوّرا مذهلا من العصور الوسطى وبعد الثورة التكنولوجيّة إلى اليوم في إخراجه على أحسن وجه شيئا فشيئا .
ننشغل في هذا المقال بالكتابة بوصفها فعلا إنسانيّا ووجوديّا استقطب اهتمام العرب القدامى، لاسيما في مجال الأدب وذلك من خلال النظر على وجه الخصوص في الفعل الكتابي في بثّه وتقبّله ومن خلال علاقته بالأدوات التقليدية المستعملة في الكتابة مثل الحبر والورق والقلم. ولم يمنعنا اعتمادنا على مدوّنة عربيّة قديمة من رصد التحوّلات التي عرفتها الكتابة بانتقالها إلى المرحلة الالكترونيّة لما في ذلك من أهميّة، لا يمكن فيها فصل الحديث عن القديم . ونعني بالكتابة في هذا السياق دلالتها الأولى التي أطلق عليها العرب القدامى تحبيرا (من الحبر) دون أن نهمل دلالتها الحافة في معنى الكتابة الإنشائيّة الإبداعيّة التي تجد أفضل تعبيرا لها في الأدب. وإذا كنّا قد انشغلنا بصفة خاصة بنظريّة العرب في الكتابة من خلال الجاحظ على وجه الخصوص وتتبّع رموز أدواتها في المتخيّل العربي الإسلامي بالتفكيك والتحليل والتأويل، فإنّنا لم نهمل الإشكالات التي تعيشها الكتابة العربيّة المعاصرة في دلالتيها المذكورتين في عصر العولمة الالكترونيّة محاولين -لفهمها- الاستفادة أكثر ما يمكن من المعارف الانتروبولوجيّة الحديثة متسلحين في ذلك بأهم المناهج التحليلية الدقيقة، لنقف على أهمّ التداعيات النفسيّة والثقافيّة -من وجهة نظر انتروبولجية- على الكاتب الباث والقارئ المتقبّل.
الحجاج في كتاب النحو العربي للدكتور إبراهيم السامرائي
Authors: Taha Mayassa Waleed 
Published: March 2022

إن الطبيعة العقلية للنحو العربي تفرض الجانب الحجاجي على كل من يرفض آراء النحاة المنطقية ، أو يحاول التجديد في أبوابه سعيا لتيسيره ومن تلك المحاولات كتاب النحو، نقد وبناء للدكتور إبراهيم السامرائي.
لقد رصد البحث أساليبا حجاجية بني عليها كتاب النحو العربي بوصفه نقد وبناء ، وهو نقد قائم على الرفض والمناقشة والحوار لبناء فكري نحوي ينظر الى اللغة بأنها علم يحاكي سائر العلوم في تطورها وتجددها وذلك ما يحكمه الفكر الفلسفي الذي اعتمده النحاة في مؤلفاتهم ،إذ تأثروا بمناقشات الأصوليين وتحليلات المتكلمين.
جاءت هذه الدراسة على محورين ، أحدهما: تناول أساليب الحجاج ، والآخر: تناول تجليات الحجاج ، وذلك انطلاقا من قول السامرائي: (( لقد جريت في هذا البحث على نقد النحو القديم لأظهر ما فيه من مواد وأساليب ليست منه ، ولأوقف القارئ على ما يمكن ان يعرفه من العلم النحوي ليميز بين الصحيح وغير الصحيح )) ما يكشف عن احتجاجه على آراء القدماء وفق ما يحكمه الاستعمال اللغوي الحديث .
Happiness swings between free will and divine providence in Voltaire's novel " Zaidik or Destiny "
Authors: Hamood Mohamed Yassir 
Published: March 2022

" Zadig ou la destinée " est un conte oriental, avec des noms arabes chatouillant la curiosité des orientalistes assoiffés de découvrir cette contrée. Ce conte est échelonné sur vingt-et-unchapitres qui allient intérêt et plaisir. Une foule dʼaventures surprenantes se reproduisent comme des poupées russes jusquʼà ce quʼelles atteignent le but tant souhaité par le protagoniste, qui est le bonheur. Zadig possède toutes les raisons pour lʼêtre, mais ni sa fortune et sa jeunesse, ni son beau et sa gentillesse ne peuvent le secourir sans lʼintervention de la Providence. Voici les thèmes autour desquels tourne notre recherche. A vrai dire, Voltaire sʼest aventuré à traiter le problème philosophe et social le plus problématique qui soit. Il peut revêtir autant de conceptions quʼil y a dʼhommes sur la terre et de surplus nʼa aucun dénominateur commun. Plus le temps passe et la vie se brouille et sʼenchevêtre, plus le crédit de ce conte augmente aux yeux de ceux qui sʼy cramponnent tel un remède palliatif.
Puis " Zadig ou la destinée " franchit les frontières de la littérature pour pénétrer dans les domaines de la philosophie, de la théologie, de la sociologie ainsi que lʼéthique et la politique. Mais par son art, son expertise et sa sagacité, Voltaire a pu marcher aisément dans un champ de mines sans rien risquer.
Les événements de ce conte se déroulent sur trois scènes, à partir de Babylone, puis lʼEgypte pour finir par lʼArabie. Durant ses déplacements, Zadig a essuyé de toutes sortes de souffrances et une déception démesurée de la part des hommes qui ont essayé de le trahir et lʼenvoyer à lʼenfer . Cependant, ces aventures didactiques et éducatives étaient ses " fleurs du mal"; il a partout rencontré le déni en échange à sa charité. Ce héros a rencontré tout cela avec patience et endurance jusquʼà la fin de lʼaffaire quand il est devenu le roi honorable de Babylone avec sa bien-aimée, la reine Astarté.
Voltaire professe la croyance en un Dieu unique qui gère le système cosmique avec sagesse et équité. Cette Omnipotence, qui nous dépasse et à laquelle nous devons obéir avec crainte et modestie, dispose de ce que les êtres humains proposent.
Zadig a appris que le libre arbitre est relatif; et ce que lʼon croit hasard ne lʼest pas ainsi ; plutôt cʼest le jugement équitable de la Providence . Aussi a-t-il fini par croire quʼil nʼy a point de mal gratuit ; du mal pourrait naître le bien.
Enfin, " Zadig ou la destinée " adresse un message de valeur à tout aspirant au bonheur et à la tranquillité de ne point chercher à savoir ni le comment ni le pourquoi de ce qui lui arrive.
Cette recherche est divisée en cinq thèmes principaux :

LʼOrient chez Voltaire.
Lʼactualité des thèmes voltairiens.
La chasse au bonheur.
Aventures didactiques et éducatives.
La liberté individuelle et la Théodicée.

Dans cette étude, nous utilisons la méthode thématique, explicative et analytique.
Electromagnetic interference shielding performance calculate model for double layer shielded cable connector in EV
Authors: Li Lihui , Li Xu , Li Weikang , Fu Jinghua , Wu Xiaoshan , Zhao Heming , Chen Yong 
Published: March 2022

Due to the high voltage and high current working characteristics of EV driving system, strong electromagnetic interference is formed in the working process, and the shielding effectiveness of the high-voltage connector assembly connecting each part of the driving system is directly related to the level of its electromagnetic interference emission. The high-voltage connector is usually made by triaxial method. However, due to the influence of sample coupling length and cutoff frequency, the triaxial method is prone to produce a region of more than 25 MHz, resulting in test failure. Therefore, modeling analysis of the shielding effectiveness of the connector assembly in the early stage is crucial for the final development of a connector assembly with good shielding effectiveness. In this paper, an analytical optimization model named Z TD- Demoulin is proposed to calculate the transfer impedance value of the dynamic shielded wire (double-layer shielded) of the electric vehicle. The model takes into account the influence of the double-layer shielded cable (braided-belt and aluminum foil) on the DC resistance and small-hole inductance of the shielding layer, and analyzes the transfer impedance value which presents the shielding effectiveness of the connector assembly. Based on the double-layer shield optimization model, an optimization model of high-voltage connector assembly is established. This established model takes into account the influence of connector contact resistance and inductance value. Comparison between the triaxial coaxial method and the established model found that when K connector = 6 K cable, the fitting effect of the model was the best and the transfer impedance value above 25 MHz could be predicted.
Deepwater Well Survey Equipment
Authors: Sukach Mykhailo 
Published: March 2022

With the growth in underwater construction activities, there is an increasing need for accurate seabed engineering data. Modern technology makes it possible to take samples of bottom soils with a partially disturbed structure, especially for weak silty soils and silts. Testing such samples in laboratory conditions leads to inevitable errors. Despite the constant improvement of technical means of sampling, they cannot fully replace studies of the properties of bottom soils in natural occurrence. Therefore, it became necessary to create devices for the natural study of underwater soils. The following soil investigation methods are used in deep-sea wells: stamp tests, rotational shear, penetration logging, soil cutting, pressuremetry.
Drilling of underwater wells at the bottom is carried out from floating drilling rigs, consisting of a floating base and a drilling rig. Pontoons (catamarans, trimarans) and drilling ships (self-propelled and non-self-propelled) are used as a base. On the shelf, pontoons with retractable supports or a flooded base are more often used. The drilling rig with working equipment is usually placed in the center of the pontoon. The choice of drilling equipment is determined by the purpose of the work, the depth and diameter of underwater wells, the depth of the sea, the displacement of the drilling rig, the physical and mechanical properties of bottom, soil, etc.
Deep-sea drilling is carried out from special vessels on which the drilling unit is mounted. Vessels with an opening bottom or a special shaft for the passage of casing and drill pipes, as well as those with retractable cantilever platforms, are used. Drilling ships and pontoons are kept in a fixed position with the help of four or six anchors attached to the bow and stern of the craft. Drilling rigs provide rotary, percussion-rotary, shock-rope, vibration, rotary suction and airlift drilling. Drilling at maximum depths in the ocean is carried out using deep-sea bottom platforms and autonomous controlled vehicles.