bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced polyurethane matrix using computational method: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Pebdani Mohammadreza Heidari , Sabetvand Roozbeh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The reinforcing nanostructures can be made up of nanoparticles, nanosheets or nanofibres such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanosheets. To investigate the reinforce mechanism, the changes in mechanical behavior of CNT reinforced Polyurethane (PU) matrix with various chirality was studied using molecular dynamics (MD) method in current work. We used the DREIDING and Tersoff force-fields for simulation of the PU and CNT samples, respectively. To report the mechanical properties of pristine PU matrix and reinforced PU/CNT structure, some physical parameters such as interaction energy between polymer chains and nanotube atoms, ultimate strength, and Young’s modulus are calculated. MD outputs indicated inserting CNT with zigzag edge into pristine matrix enlarged the Young’s modulus by 17.10% and the ultimate strength by 25.69%. These results indicated the promising effect of CNT-based nanostructures on the mechanical properties of PU matrix.
Superposition solutions to a (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Sharma-Tasso-Olver-Like equation
Authors: Fan Lulu , Bao Taogetusang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, the superposition solutions of (3+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient Sharma-Tasso-Olver-Like(vcSTOL) equation are studied. The equation can illustrate various difficult sciences areas. Due to the wide application, it is very important to find the exact solutions of it. By introducing transformation, the equation is transformed into bilinear form. We use variable separation method and trial function method to obtain the superposition solutions of the equation containing different functions and forms The images are drawn with the help of symbolic computing system Mathematica, and the properties of the solutions are analyzed. The analysis shows that different functions will affect the overall shape of waves, including the interaction between waves, the size, the direction and the number of waves, which can get more new phenomena. To our knowledge, those types of superposition solutions of (3+1)-dimensional vcSTOL equation mentioned in our work by variable separation method have not been reported before. Furthermore, we add the square terms to the expansion function, so that the obtained solutions have the characteristics of Lump solution, which has not been done in the previous literatures.
Gravitational wave imprints of left-right symmetric model with minimal Higgs sector
Authors: Gráf Lukáš , Jana Sudip , Kaladharan Ajay , Saad Shaikh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study the gravitational wave imprints of left-right symmetric model equipped with universal seesaw mechanism allowing for the natural generation of hierarchical masses of the Standard Model fermions. The scalar sector of this model is the minimal one, consisting of only two Higgs doublets. Following the construction of the full thermal potential for this model, we perform a scan of the entire parameter space and identify the region in which the cosmic phase transition associated with the left-right symmetry breaking gives gravitational wave signals detectable by a variety of planned space-based interferometers. Then we also discuss the relevant collider implications of this beyond the Standard Model scenario.
Koopman analysis of nonlinear systems with a neural network representation
Authors: Li Chufan , Lan Yueheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The observation and study of nonlinear dynamical systems has been gaining popularity over years in different fields. The intrinsic complexity of their dynamics defies many existing tools based on individual orbits, while the Koopman operator governs evolution of functions defined in phase space and is thus focused on ensembles of orbits, which provides an alternative approach to investigate global features of system dynamics prescribed by spectral properties of the operator. However, it is difficult to identify and represent the most relevant eigenfunctions in practice. Here, combined with the Koopman analysis, a neural network is designed to achieve the reconstruction and evolution of complex dynamical systems. By invoking the error minimization, a fundamental set of Koopman eigenfunctions are derived, which may reproduce the input dynamics through a nonlinear transformation provided by the neural network. The corresponding eigenvalues are also directly extracted by the specific evolutionary structure built in.
Simpler optimized stellarators using permanent magnets
Authors: Qian T. , Zarnstorff M. , Bishop D. , Chamblis A. , Dominguez A. , Pagano C. , Patch D. , Zhu C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A first-of-a-kind optimized stellarator for confining plasma has been designed and is being constructed with planar circular coils and permanent magnets composed of identical elements. The equilibrium is optimized to be quasi-axisymmetric for good particle confinement. The combination of permanent magnets and planar coils is significantly simpler to construct than fabricating three-dimensionally shaped coils, yet they are able to produce lower helical magnetic ripple than existing devices by two orders of magnitude in

ϵ

eff

3
/
2

, a characteristic neoclassical transport metric.
Recent regional warming across the Siberian lowlands: a comparison between permafrost and non-permafrost areas
Authors: Wang Ping , Huang Qiwei , Liu Shiqi , Cai Hongyan , Yu Jingjie , Wang Tianye , Chen Xiaolong , Pozdniakov Sergey P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The northern mid-high latitudes experience climate warming much faster than the global average. However, the difference in the temperature change rates between permafrost and non-permafrost zones remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the temporal changes in temperature means and extremes across the Siberian lowlands (<500 m) over the past six decades (1960–2019) using in situ observations and reanalysis data. The results show that permafrost zones (0.39 °C/decade) have warmed faster than non-permafrost zones (0.31 °C/decade). The minimum values of the daily maximum (TXn) and minimum (TNn) temperatures changed faster than their maximum values (TXx, TNx), suggesting that low minimum temperatures increase faster, as evidenced by the considerably higher warming rate in the cool season (October–April, 0.43 ± 0.10 °C/decade, n= 126) than that in the warm season (May–September, 0.25 ± 0.08 °C/decade, n= 119). The change rates of TXx and TNx in permafrost areas were 2–3 times greater than those in non-permafrost areas; however, over the last ten years, TXx and TNx in non-permafrost areas showed decreasing trends. Moreover, faster-warming permafrost regions do not exhibit a faster increase in surface net solar radiation than slower-warming non-permafrost regions. While our findings suggest that carbon emissions from thawing soils are likely a potential driver of rapid warming in permafrost-dominated regions, the potential feedback between ground thawing and climate warming in permafrost regions remains uncertain.
Assessing the quality of pedestrian paths related to street vendor activities at Johar Market, Semarang
Authors: Wungo G L , Mussadun  , Nathasya A , Manurung M A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study examines pedestrian and street vendor activity in the vicinity of Johar Market, one of Semarang City’s busiest markets. Observations were made to get a complete picture of this study based on four targets: user characteristics, user movement patterns, physical environment characteristics around pedestrian paths, and the availability of street furniture. Data were obtained based on the results of seven days of observations, namely, over a thousand pedestrians and street vendor activities that occurred along the pedestrian path. Spatial analysis techniques with GIS are used to analyze the data from the observations. In addition, the pedestrian path’s quality is calculated using the PEQI (Pedestrian Environmental Quality Index) standard. The results of the analysis show that the quality of the pedestrian path around Johar Market is still relatively low, with a value of 19.84, placing it in category 4, indicating that the pedestrian path is insufficient because it does not meet the standard. The pedestrian path design category and the availability of street furniture received the lowest ratings. The results of this study can be used as reference material in designing pedestrian paths that meet the needs and meet service standards.
Development strategies for public space post-pandemic: A case study of Saigon-Ho Chi Minh City in the global context
Authors: Tran D T T , White M , Vo T T 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic imposes huge challenges on urban development with its impacts on reshaping cities. Saigon-Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam is a typical mega-city with high population density coping with urban infrastructural issues. As social distancing and restrictions on the use of public space have been the key measures to deal with the pandemic, the communal areas in HCMC have been affected from both social and urban design aspects. The paper aims to explore the impacts during and after the COVID-19 epidemic on the public space in HCMC with the case study of four apartment residences in four different districts. It is carried on with 400 surveys and in-depth interviews with the apartment managers. Then, the case of public space in HCMC will be discussed to have a specific look into the issues in the global context. The article argues that despite the consequences of the pandemic to public areas, citizens’ need for these types of city elements persists. Finally, it provides suggestions for reshaping post-pandemic public spaces in both societies’ perception and urban planning strategy.
The Effectiveness of Plantaricin IIA-1A5 Powder Application to Extend the Storage of Fresh Cow’s Milk
Authors: Soenarno M S , Sumantri C , Arief I I , Taufik E , Nuraida L 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Bacteriocins are peptides that have antimicrobial activity that are non-toxic, non-allergenic, heat-resistant and have broad bactericidal activity. Bacteriocin that has been declared safe by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and has been widely used in the food industry is nisin, which is mainly used in fruit products, dairy and meat processing industries. Bacteriocin from L. plantarum IIA-1A5 called plantarcin IIA-1A5, using whey growth media enriched with skim milk, has effectiveness as an antimicrobial against pathogenic bacteria E. coli and S. aureus. In this study, the application of plantaricin IIA-1A5 was conducted for fresh cow’s milk products from dairy cows on smallholder farms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of plantarcin IIA-1A5 powder using a certain dose to extend the storage period of fresh cow’s milk. Plantaricin IIA-1A5 powder was prepared with M1 concentration level of 5.58 g mL-1 and M2 concentration 11.17 g mL-1, then stored at frozen temperature. Nisin as a positive control was prepared at 11.17 g mL-1. Fresh milk that has been given treatment is then stored at room temperature for up to 6 hours and observed every 2 hours, namely at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours of room temperature storage. The result showed that physicochemical quality of fresh milk did not change during treatments. Plantarisin IIA-1A5 was able to suppress the growth of total microbes at room temperature for two hours. The dose of plantaricin IIA-1A5 is effective for use in smallholder dairy farms or using non-cooled dairy machines at concentration of 11.17 g mL-1.
Correction of a relativistic impulse approximation expression used to obtain Compton profiles from photon scattering doubly differential cross sections
Authors: LaJohn Larry 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A Compton profile (CP) can provide useful information about the electron populations and distributions in atoms, molecules, and ions to assess many physical properties of matter. However, a CP cannot be measured directly, but must be obtained from scattering data. The CPs discussed in this study are derived from photon-atom doubly differential cross sections (DDCS) via the following expression which is derived from an impulse approximation (IA) theory given by DDCS = KJ, where K represents a kinematic factor and J represents the CP. A relativistic version of this expression (i.e., RKJ)—an approximation of the full relativistic IA expression—is used for relativistic regimes; however, it does not yield accurate results for the inner and middle shells of moderate to heavy atoms. In this study, expressions from nonrelativistic (NR) hydrogen-like wavefunctions with a relativistic QED kinematic factor K

rel
and relativistic electron energy were derived to correct the RKJ expression for the K, L, M, and N atomic subshells. This derivation made it possible for relativistic contributions and screening effects to largely cancel, for any regime of energy angle and Z. Thus, the RKJ error which can be greater than 30% is reduced to within few percent over 99% of the electron momentum distribution range of any subshell CP when compared to published tabulated theoretical values. Two simple versions of the relativistic QED kinematic component of the corrected RKJ expressions were obtained and tested: one valid at high photon energies, and the other at small scattering angles. RKJ corrections were applied to the extraction of CP from the full spectrum K-N shell DDCS, which resulted in much improved accuracy for the K-shell. Good agreement was observed with tabulated beyond K-shell CPs around the tail regions, but systematic differences were found to occur at the maxima. The details of this phenomenon are illustrated and discussed in this article.
Variations in lead isotopes in Antarctic snow from northern Victoria Land during 2012–2015
Authors: Han Changhee , Kim Songyi , Lee Ah-Hyung , Han Yeongcheol , Lee Seungmi , Chang Chaewon , Hong Sungmin , Jung Hyejin , Hong Sang-Bum , Lee Jeonghoon , Hur Soon Do 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To evaluate recent changes in anthropogenic Pb pollution and its sources and origins in Antarctica, Pb and Ba concentrations and Pb isotopic compositions were determined in a continuous series of 40 snow samples from a 2-m deep snow pit, covering 4 full years from 2011/12 summer to 2015/16 summer, at the Hercules Névé plateau in Victoria Land, Antarctica. The results show that more than 90% of the atmospheric Pb deposited in Victoria Land was of noncrustal origin. This result implies the persistence of a significant human impact on the atmospheric cycle of Pb in the most remote places on Earth, despite a substantial reduction in anthropogenic Pb emissions in the Southern Hemisphere during recent years. The Pb isotopic fingerprints indicate that South America, particularly Brazil and Chile, has become a major source of anthropogenic Pb reaching Victoria Land. Our data highlight the need for both national and international measures to further reduce Pb emissions.
Wind farm control technologies: from classical control to reinforcement learning
Authors: Dong Hongyang , Xie Jingjie , Zhao Xiaowei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Wind power plays a vital role in the global effort towards net zero. A recent figure shows that 93GW new wind capacity was installed worldwide in 2020, leading to a 53% year-on-year increase. The control system is the core of wind farm operations and has an essential influence on the farm’s power capture efficiency, economic profitability, and operation and maintenance cost. However, the inherent system complexities of wind farms and the aerodynamic interactions among wind turbines cause significant barriers to control system design. The wind industry has recognized that new technologies are needed to handle wind farm control tasks, especially for large-scale offshore wind farms. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the development and most recent advances in wind farm control technologies. It covers the introduction of fundamental aspects of wind farm control in terms of system modeling, main challenges and control objectives. Existing wind farm control methods for different purposes, including layout optimization, power generation maximization, fatigue load minimization and power reference tracking, are investigated. Moreover, a detailed discussion regarding the differences and similarities between model-based, model-free and data-driven wind farm approaches is presented. In addition, we highlight state-of-the-art wind farm control technologies based on reinforcement learning—a booming machine learning technique that has drawn worldwide attention. Future challenges and research avenues in wind farm control are also analyzed.
Robust and high-sensitivity thermal probing at the nanoscale based on resonance Raman ratio (R3)
Authors: Zobeiri Hamidreza , Hunter Nicholas , Xu Shen , Xie Yangsu , Wang Xinwei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Raman spectroscopy-based temperature sensing usually tracks the change of Raman wavenumber, linewidth and intensity, and has found very broad applications in characterizing the energy and charge transport in nanomaterials over the last decade. The temperature coefficients of these Raman properties are highly material-dependent, and are subjected to local optical scattering influence. As a result, Raman-based temperature sensing usually suffers quite large uncertainties and has low sensitivity. Here, a novel method based on dual resonance Raman phenomenon is developed to precisely measure the absolute temperature rise of nanomaterial (nm WS2 film in this work) from 170 to 470 K. A 532 nm laser (2.33 eV photon energy) is used to conduct the Raman experiment. Its photon energy is very close to the excitonic transition energy of WS2 at temperatures close to room temperature. A parameter, termed resonance Raman ratio (R3)

Ω
=

I

A

1g

/

I

E

2g

is introduced to combine the temperature effects on resonance Raman scattering for the A1g and E2g modes. Ω has a change of more than two orders of magnitude from 177 to 477 K, and such change is independent of film thickness and local optical scattering. It is shown that when Ω is varied by 1%, the temperature probing sensitivity is 0.42 K and 1.16 K at low and high temperatures, respectively. Based on Ω, the in-plane thermal conductivity (k) of a ∼25 nm-thick suspended WS2 film is measured using our energy transport state-resolved Raman (ET-Raman). k is found decreasing from 50.0 to 20.0 Wm−1 K−1 when temperature increases from 170 to 470 K. This agrees with previous experimental and theoretical results and the measurement data using our FET-Raman. The R3 technique provides a very robust and high-sensitivity method for temperature probing of nanomaterials and will have broad applications in nanoscale thermal transport characterization, non-destructive evaluation, and manufacturing monitoring.
Development and Implementation of a Standard Format for Clinical Laboratory Test Results
Authors: Hauser Ronald George , Quine Douglas B , Iscoe Mark , Arvisais-Anhalt Simone 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Surprisingly, laboratory results, the principal output of clinical laboratories, are not standardized. Thus, laboratories frequently report results with identical meaning in different formats. For example, laboratories report a positive pregnancy test as “+,” “P,” or “Positive.” To assess the feasibility of a widespread implementation of a result standard, we (1) developed a standard result format for common laboratory tests and (2) implemented a feedback system for clinical laboratories to view their unstandardized results.

Methods
In the largest integrated health care system in America, 130 facilities had the opportunity to collaboratively develop the standard. For 15 weeks, clinical laboratories received a weekly report of their unstandardized results. At the study’s conclusion, laboratories were compared with themselves and their peers by metrics that reflected their unstandardized results.

Results
We rereviewed 156 million test results and observed a 51% decline in the rate of unstandardized results. The number of facilities with fewer than 23 unstandardized results per 100,000 (Six Sigma σ &gt; 5) increased by 58% (52 to 82 facilities; β = 1.79; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated significant improvement in the standardization of clinical laboratory results in a relatively short time. The laboratory community should create and promulgate a standardized result format.
Functional plasticity of Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum through multiple traits
Authors: Jiménez-Leyva Alberto , Orozco-Avitia Jesús , Gutiérrez Aldo , Vargas Georgina , Sánchez Esteban , Muñoz Ezequiel , Esqueda Martín 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The diversity of functional traits still has not been studied enough in model plant species, even less so in little-known species. This experiment was carried out under the extreme heat of Sonoran Desert, using shading nets and under conditions where the availability of water and nutrients was not a stress factor. We evaluated how the low, intermediate and high sunlight regimes impact survival and promote multiple alterations on phenological and ecophysiological response of cultivated Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum plants. Extremely warm temperatures promoted a high heat sum in degrees days throughout plants development. Most plants grown in high sunlight regimes did not survive; under intermediate sunlight regimes survival was high and plants developed vegetative and reproductively; but under low sunlight regimes plants survival was high; however, they developed just vegetatively. Photosynthetic response to light suggests that plants are physiologically acclimated to low and intermediate irradiance, whereas the CO2 assimilation curves suggest contrasting photosynthetic capacity traits. Under the intermediate sunlight regimes, plants strengthened their performance through multiple functional traits (e.g. CO2 and water diffusion traits, photosynthetic capacity, respiration, among others). Consequently, their biomass gain was faster and proportionally higher by 76 % with an investment of 14 % in fruits development. The principal components analysis extracted the main explanatory functional traits: photosynthetic nitrogen allocation, stomatal limitation, mesophyll conductance, Rubisco maximum carboxylation velocity, among others. In conclusion, phenological response and multiple functional traits determine plants acclimation to sunlight regimes and extremely warm temperatures in short term.