bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barley stripe mosaic virus γb protein targets thioredoxin h-type 1 to dampen salicylic acid-mediated defenses
Authors: Jiang Zhihao , Jin Xuejiao , Yang Meng , Pi Qinglin , Cao Qing , Li Zhenggang , Zhang Yongliang , Wang Xian-Bing , Han Chenggui , Yu Jialin , Li Dawei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) acts as a signaling molecule to perceive and defend against pathogen infections. Accordingly, pathogens evolve versatile strategies to disrupt the SA-mediated signal transduction, and how plant viruses manipulate the SA-dependent defense responses requires further characterization. Here, we show that barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) infection activates the SA-mediated defense signaling pathway and upregulates the expression of Nicotiana benthamiana thioredoxin h-type 1 (NbTRXh1). The γb protein interacts directly with NbTRXh1 in vivo and in vitro. The overexpression of NbTRXh1, but not a reductase-defective mutant, impedes BSMV infection, whereas low NbTRXh1 expression level results in increased viral accumulation. Similar with its orthologs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), NbTRXh1 also plays an essential role in SA signaling transduction in N. benthamiana. To counteract NbTRXh1-mediated defenses, the BSMV γb protein targets NbTRXh1 to dampen its reductase activity, thereby impairing downstream SA defense gene expression to optimize viral cell-to-cell movement. We also found that NbTRXh1-mediated resistance defends against lychnis ringspot virus, beet black scorch virus, and beet necrotic yellow vein virus. Taken together, our results reveal a role for the multifunctional γb protein in counteracting plant defense responses and an expanded broad-spectrum antibiotic role of the SA signaling pathway.
MicroRNA858a, its encoded peptide, and phytosulfokine regulate Arabidopsis growth and development
Authors: Badola Poorwa Kamal , Sharma Ashish , Gautam Himanshi , Trivedi Prabodh Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Small molecules, such as peptides and miRNAs, are crucial regulators of plant growth. Here, we show the importance of cross-talk between miPEP858a (microRNA858a-encoded peptide)/miR858a and phytosulfokine (PSK4) in regulating plant growth and development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Genome-wide expression analysis suggested modulated expression of PSK4 in miR858a mutants and miR858a-overexpressing (miR858aOX) plants. The silencing of PSK4 in miR858aOX plants compromised growth, whereas overexpression of PSK4 in the miR858a mutant rescued the developmental defects. The exogenous application of synthetic PSK4 further complemented the plant development in mutant plants. Exogenous treatment of synthetic miPEP858a in the PSK4 mutant led to clathrin-mediated internalization of the peptide; however, it did not enhance growth as is the case in wild-type plants. We also demonstrated that MYB3 is an important molecular component participating in the miPEP858a/miR858a–PSK4 module. Finally, our work highlights the signaling between miR858a/miPEP858a-MYB3-PSK4 in modulating the expression of key elements involved in auxin responses, leading to the regulation of growth.
DOES RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION TRAINING OR A REAL-TIME STAFF DOSEMETER DISPLAY REDUCE STAFF DOSES DURING X-RAY-GUIDED PULMONARY BRONCHOSCOPY?
Authors: Lundvall Lise-Lott , Sandborg Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
X-ray-guided interventions have increased in number and complexity. Mandatory radiological protection training includes both theoretical and practical training sessions. A recent additional training tool is real-time display dosemeters that give direct feedback to staff on their individual dose rates. Ten staff members who regularly perform pulmonary bronchoscopy wore an extra dosemeter during four 2-month periods. We controlled for the patient air kerma area product and the number of procedures in each period. Between periods 1 and 2, radiological training sessions were held and during period 3 the staff used the real-time display system. Focus-group interviews with the staff were held to obtain their opinion about learning radiological protection. We hypothesised that neither training nor the additional real-time dose rate display alters the personal dose equivalent, Hp(d); d = 0.07 and 10 mm. Useful experiences from radiological protection training were obtained, and median staff doses did decrease, however not significantly.
Graft-Versus-Solid-Tumor Effect: From Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation to Adoptive Cell Therapies
Authors: Barisic Stefan , Childs Richard W 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
After allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), donor lymphocytes may contribute to the regression of hematological malignancies and select solid tumors, a phenomenon referred to as the graft-versus-tumor effect (GVT). However, this immunologic reaction is frequently limited by either poor specificity resulting in graft-versus-host disease or the frequency of tumor-specific T cells being too low to induce a complete and sustained anti-tumor response. Over the past 2 decades, it has become clear that the driver of GVT following allogeneic HSCT is T-cell-mediated recognition of antigens presented on tumor cells. With that regard, even though the excitement for using HSCT in solid tumors has declined, clinical trials of HSCT in solid tumors provided proof of concept and valuable insights leading to the discovery of tumor antigens and the development of targeted adoptive cell therapies for cancer. In this article, we review the results of clinical trials of allogeneic HSCT in solid tumors. We focus on lessons learned from correlative studies of these trials that hold the potential for the creation of tumor-specific immunotherapies with greater efficacy and safety for the treatment of malignancies.
Large-scale analysis of SARS-CoV-2 synonymous mutations reveals the adaptation to the human codon usage during the virus evolution
Authors: Ramazzotti Daniele , Angaroni Fabrizio , Maspero Davide , Mauri Mario , D’Aliberti Deborah , Fontana Diletta , Antoniotti Marco , Elli Elena Maria , Graudenzi Alex , Piazza Rocco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Many large national and transnational studies have been dedicated to the analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome, most of which focused on missense and nonsense mutations. However, approximately 30 per cent of the SARS-CoV-2 variants are synonymous, therefore changing the target codon without affecting the corresponding protein sequence.
By performing a large-scale analysis of sequencing data generated from almost 400,000 SARS-CoV-2 samples, we show that silent mutations increasing the similarity of viral codons to the human ones tend to fixate in the viral genome overtime. This indicates that SARS-CoV-2 codon usage is adapting to the human host, likely improving its effectiveness in using the human aminoacyl-tRNA set through the accumulation of deceitfully neutral silent mutations.
One-Sentence Summary. Synonymous SARS-CoV-2 mutations related to the activity of different mutational processes may positively impact viral evolution by increasing its adaptation to the human codon usage.
Predictors of Pain and Disability Outcomes Following Spinal Surgery for Chronic Low Back and Radicular Pain
Authors: Halicka Monika , Duarte Rui , Catherall Sharon , Maden Michelle , Coetsee Michaela , Wilby Martin , Brown Christopher 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
Success rates of spinal surgeries to treat chronic back pain are highly variable and useable prognostic indicators are lacking. We aimed to identify and evaluate preoperative predictors of pain and disability after spinal surgery for chronic low back/leg pain.

Methods:
Electronic database (01/1984-03/2021) and reference searches identified 2622 unique citations. Eligible studies included adults with chronic low back/leg pain lasting ≥3 months undergoing first elective lumbar spine surgery, and outcomes defined as change in pain (primary)/disability (secondary) after ≥3 months. We included 21 reports (6899 participants), 7 were judged to have low and 14 high risks of bias. We performed narrative synthesis and determined the quality of evidence (QoE).

Results:
Better pain outcomes were associated with younger age, higher education, and no spinal stenosis (low QoE); lower preoperative pain, fewer comorbidities, lower pain catastrophizing, anxiety and depression (very low QoE); but not with symptom duration (moderate QoE), other sociodemographic factors (low QoE), disability, or sensory testing (very low QoE). More favorable disability outcomes were associated with preoperative sensory loss (moderate QoE); lower job-related resignation and neuroticism (very low QoE); but not with socioeconomic factors, comorbidities (low QoE), demographics, pain, or pain-related psychological factors (very low QoE).

Discussion:
In conclusion, absence of spinal stenosis potentially predicts greater pain relief and preoperative sensory loss likely predicts reduction in disability. Overall, QoE for most identified associations was low/very low.
Issues With Big Data: Variability in Reported Demographics and Complications Associated With Posterior Spinal Fusion in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Niknam Kian , Sabharwal Sanjeev , Swarup Ishaan 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Clinical and administrative registries provide large volumes of data that can be used for clinical research. However, there are several limitations relating to the quality, consistency, and generalizability of big data. In this study, we aim to compare reported demographics and certain outcomes in patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), neuromuscular scoliosis (NS), and Scheuermann kyphosis (SK) between 3 commonly utilized databases in pediatric orthopaedic research.

Methods:
We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes to identify patients in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), and Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) between the ages of 10 to 18 that underwent PSF for AIS, SK, and NS from 2012 to 2015. We compared various demographic factors, such as sex, race/ethnicity, age, and rates of postsurgical infection and 30-day readmissions. Data was analyzed with descriptive and univariate statistics.

Results:
We identified 9891 patients that underwent PSF in NSQIP, 10,771 patients in PHIS, and 4335 patients in HCUP over the study period. There were significant differences in patient demographics, readmission rates, and infection rates between all patients that underwent PSF across the databases (P<0.01), as well as specifically in patients with AIS (P<0.01). HCUP had the highest proportion of Hispanic patients that underwent PSF (13.5%), as well as patients who had AIS (13.3%) or NS (17.9%). The PHIS database had the highest proportion of patients undergoing PSF for SK. Among patients with NS, there were significant differences in race across the databases (P<0.01), but no significant differences in sex, ethnicity, or readmission (P>0.05). In addition, there were significant differences in race (P=0.04) and readmission (P=0.01) across databases for patients with SK, but no differences in sex or ethnicity (P>0.05). NSQIP reported the highest rate of 30-day readmissions for patients undergoing PSF (17.9%) compared with other databases (HCUP 4.1%, PHIS 12.1%).

Conclusions:
There are significant differences in patient demographics, sample sizes, and rates of complications for pediatric patients undergoing PSF across 3 commonly utilized US administrative databases. Given the variability in reported outcomes and demographics, generalizability is difficult to extrapolate from these large data sources. In addition, certain databases should be selected to appropriately power studies focusing on particular patient populations or outcomes.
Impact of Blood Pressure Cuff Overinflation on Blood Pressure Measurements in Adults
Authors: Toonstra Amy , Lefebvre Kristin , Denn Jessica , Goecke Matthew , Grossoehme Lucas , Jarocki Emma , Leslie Charlie , Peckumn Rachel , Rundquist Peter , Warfield Spencer 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to determine effects of cuff overinflation on blood pressure (BP) measurements compared with the standardized 20 mm Hg above the loss of Korotkoff sounds when taking manual BP in adults.

Methods:
One hundred twelve participants were recruited. American Heart Association standard procedure guidelines were referenced. Baseline BP was measured using standard cuff inflation of 20 mm Hg above loss of systolic Korotkoff sounds, followed by BP measurements with cuff inflations of 40, 60, and 80 mm Hg above the loss of Korotkoff sounds.

Results:
Friedman's analysis of variance found statistically significant differences in systolic measurements between standard and all 3 over-inflation methods (P = .015). Post-hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank tests demonstrated significant difference in systolic measurements between standard cuff inflation and 60 and 80 mm Hg above the loss of Korotkoff sounds (P = .005, .003).

Conclusions:
This study reveals blood pressure cuff inflation 60 mm Hg past the loss of Korotkoff sounds creates statistically significant differences in systolic BP measurements as compared with recommended procedures. Higher cuff inflation levels may significantly change BP measurements and decrease accuracy of clinical decision-making and medical management.
Ambient air pollution during pregnancy and cardiometabolic biomarkers in cord blood
Authors: Friedman Chloe , Dabelea Dana , Bloemsma Lizan D. , Thomas Deborah S. K. , Peel Jennifer L. , Adgate John L. , Magzamen Sheryl , Martenies Sheena E. , Allshouse William B. , Starling Anne P. 
Published: March 2022

Background/Objectives:
Prenatal air pollution exposure has been associated with adverse childhood cardiometabolic outcomes. It is unknown whether evidence of metabolic disruption associated with air pollution is identifiable at birth. We examined exposure to prenatal ambient air pollution and cord blood cardiometabolic biomarkers among 812 mother-infant pairs in the Healthy Start study.

Methods:
Using inverse-distance-weighted interpolation of ambient concentrations obtained from stationary monitors, we estimated daily particulate matter ≤2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) concentrations at participant residences. Daily estimates were averaged by trimester, full-pregnancy, and the 7 and 30 days prior to delivery. Associations of air pollution with the following cord blood biomarkers were estimated via multivariable linear regression: glucose, insulin, glucose/insulin ratio (GIR), leptin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, free fatty acids, and triglycerides.

Results:
In this Denver-based cohort, PM2.5 concentrations were lower than in many US urban areas, but O3 concentrations regularly exceeded federal air quality standards. Higher O3 concentrations during pregnancy were consistently associated with higher insulin and lower GIR in cord blood. For example, an interquartile range increase in full pregnancy O3 (6.3 parts per billion [ppb]) was associated with 0.13 log-µIU/ml (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.04, 0.22) higher cord blood insulin, after adjusting for PM2.5 and other confounders. We found positive, but generally nonsignificant, associations between PM2.5 and leptin and isolated associations between pollutants during certain exposure periods and lipids.

Conclusions:
In this cohort with moderately high O3 exposure, prenatal concentrations of O3 were positively associated with cord blood insulin. Future studies should examine the implications for offspring long-term health.
Applying Lessons from COVID-19 to Cost Centers across the Phases of Surgical Care
Authors: Pathak Kavya , Kadakia Kushal , Offodile Anaeze C. , Orgill Dennis P. 
Published: March 2022

Summary
The financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been particularly significant in surgical specialties, with an estimated loss of $22 billion due to deferrals and cancelations of procedures. Evidence suggests that alternative payment models may have reduced the financial impact of COVID-19 for some providers; however, representation of plastic surgery in these models has historically been limited. It is critical for plastic surgeons to understand cost drivers throughout the surgical care episode to design strategies to reduce costs in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this perspective, we use the American College of Surgeons Five Phases of Surgical Care framework to examine inflationary spending pressures at each stage of the surgical continuum of care. We then highlight cost-containment strategies relevant to plastic and reconstructive surgery within these stages, including those developed before the COVID-19 pandemic, such as bundled payment models and utilization of ambulatory surgery centers, and others expanded during the pandemic, including further use of telemedicine for pre and postoperative visits and expansion of enhanced recovery after surgery pathways and home-based rehabilitation for breast reconstruction. Using innovations from the COVID-19 pandemic can help plastic surgeons further innovate to decrease costs and improve outcomes for patients.
Use of a Surgical Microscope for Subperichondrial–Subperiosteal Dissection in Preservation Rhinoplasty: Ergonomic Considerations
Authors: Hattori Yoshitsugu , Uda Hirokazu , Sugawara Yasushi 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Preservation of anatomical components in rhinoplasty has gained increasing popularity over recent years. Given that elevation of the soft tissue envelope in a continuous subperiochondrial–subperiosteal dissection preserves soft tissues, vessels, nerves, and lymphatics, this procedure may result in faster healing time and less swelling and scarring. However, the technique requires a learning phase and can be challenging to perform because it typically requires meticulous dissection under surgical loupes. The dissection may thus be time-consuming and a burden for surgeons, especially in secondary rhinoplasty cases. Further, the potential risk of musculoskeletal discomfort and injury to the surgeon should not be overlooked; consideration for surgical ergonomics is needed to prevent injuries and enhance surgical performance. To address these issues, we propose the use of a surgical microscope for subperiochondrial–subperiosteal dissection in preservation rhinoplasty. A microscope enables clear visualization of the surgical field and allows surgeons to make precise and delicate manipulation maneuvers. Moreover, it may also enable surgeons to maintain an ideal ergonomic posture and neutral positioning of their joints, thereby reducing physical strain. A surgical microscope may thus be a useful tool for subperiochondrial–subperiosteal dissection by providing clear visualization of the surgical field and improved surgical ergonomics for surgeons.
Bilateral Chronic Expanding Hematoma 20 Years after Silicone Breast Implant Removal
Authors: Hosoyamada Hiroto , Yamamoto Naoto , Kuwabara Masahiro , Kawai Keita 
Published: March 2022

Summary
We encountered a case of a chronic expanding hematoma (CEH) that occurred bilaterally in the breast regions of a 42-year-old woman approximately 20 years after SBI removal. There have been no other reports of CEH occurring after implant removal. Furthermore, this is also the first case of a CEH that developed bilaterally in the breasts; most reported cases are of a unilaterally developed CEH. A CEH reportedly develops after a long period of time following trauma or surgery. If surgeons encounter an expanding tumor emerging from regions with such a history, they must consider the presence of a CEH even after implant removal, as in the present case. Hematomas caused by trauma or surgery are usually absorbed or are replaced with fibrous tissue. In rare cases, they can chronically increase as CEHs. Herein, we report a case of a CEH that occurred in both breasts approximately 20 years after silicone breast implant removal.
Preventing Infection in Implant-based Breast Reconstruction: Evaluating the Evidence for Common Practices and Standardized Protocols
Authors: Baker Nusaiba F. , Brown Owen , Hart Alexandra M. , Danko Dora , Stewart Christopher M. , Thompson Peter W. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Infection following implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) results in increased rates of hospital readmission, reoperation, patient and hospital expenses, and reconstructive failure. IBBR is a complex, multistep procedure, and there is a relative lack of high-quality plastic surgery evidence regarding “best practices” in the prevention of implant infections. In the absence of strong data, standardizing procedures based on available evidence can reduce error and improve efficacy and outcomes.

Methods:
We performed a focused literature review of the available evidence supporting specific interventions for infection prevention in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of care that are applicable to IBBR. In addition, we examined previously published standardized perioperative protocols for implant reconstruction.

Results:
Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative planning and organization is crucial in IBBR. Preoperative planning involves skin decolonization in advance of surgery with either chlorhexidine gluconate or mupirocin. Intraoperative methods that have shown potential benefit include double-gloving, breast pocket irrigation, separate closing instruments, and the utilization of “no-touch” techniques. In the postoperative period, the duration of drain removal and postoperative antibiotic administration play an important role in the prevention of surgical site infection.

Conclusions:
There is a crucial need to establish an evidence-based set of “best practices” for IBBR, and there exists a paucity of evidence in the breast literature. These data can be utilized to develop a standardized protocol as part of a rigorous quality improvement methodology.
The Importance of Scar Cosmesis across the Surgical Specialties: Factors, Perceptions, and Predispositions
Authors: Lari Ali , Alherz Mohammad , Hussain Salman , Burhamah Waleed , Alabbad Fahad , Jarragh Ali , Lari Aqeel 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Existing disparities in the perception of scars between patients and practitioners can translate into undesirable physical and psychological outcomes. An understanding of the determinants of surgeons’ perceptions on the importance of scar cosmesis is a first step toward bridging this gap.

Methods:
In an online survey, surgeons were asked about the extent to which various patient and technical factors affect the importance of scar cosmesis. Additional data were obtained on surgeon characteristics, including their specialty, gender, years of experience, and work sector to investigate potential relationships.

Results:
A total of 303 responses were obtained from surgeons across six specialties. Based on the survey, the importance of scar cosmesis was rated highest among plastic surgeons and obstetricians and gynecologists, and lowest among orthopedic and vascular surgeons. Compared with surgeons in private practice, publicly employed surgeons’ rating of the importance of cosmesis was lower. The patient’s request for a cosmetic outcome was the most highly rated factor. Regarding the influence of patient demographics on surgeons’ attitudes, scar cosmesis in young and female patients was favored in comparison with older and male patients. Factors that reduced the importance of cosmesis were emergency and late-night surgeries followed by lengthy procedures, large incisions, and busy operative lists.

Conclusions:
These initial findings highlight a need to investigate means of fostering a more holistic, impartial approach toward scar cosmesis, as well as addressing potential workplace barriers that may prevent surgeons from seeking a more cosmetic result. Greater alignment between the priorities of surgeons and patients may manifest in objective and subjective improvements in patient’s scars and well-being.