bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change and allergies
Authors: Luschkova Daria , Traidl-Hoffmann Claudia , Ludwig Alika 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe climate crisis poses a major challenge to human health as well as the healthcare system and threatens to jeopardize the medical progress made in recent decades. However, addressing climate change may also be the greatest opportunity for global health in the 21st century. The climate crisis and its consequences, such as rising temperatures, forest fires, floods, droughts, and changes in the quality and quantity of food and water, directly and indirectly affect human physical and mental health. More intense and frequent heat waves and declining air quality have been shown to increase all-cause mortality, especially among the most vulnerable. Climate warming alters existing ecosystems and favors biological invasions by species that better tolerate heat and drought. Pathogen profiles are changing, and the transmission and spread of vector-borne diseases are increasing. The spread of neophytes in Europe, such as ragweed, is creating new pollen sources that increase allergen exposure for allergy sufferers. In addition, the overall milder weather, especially in combination with air pollution and increased CO2levels, is changing the production and allergenicity of pollen. The phenomenon of thunderstorm asthma is also occurring more frequently. In view of the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases due to climate change, early causal immunomodulatory therapy is therefore all the more important. During a climate consultation, patients can receive individual advice on climate adaptation and resilience and the benefits of CO2reduction—for their own and the planet’s health. Almost 5% of all greenhouse gas emissions in Europe come from the healthcare sector. It thus has a central responsibility for a climate-neutral and sustainable transformation.
A drone- and field-based investigation of the land degradation and soil erosion at an opencast coal mine dump after 5 years’ evolution of natural processes
Authors: Xiao Wu , Ren He , Sui Tao , Zhang Heyu , Zhao Yanling , Hu Zhenqi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOpencast coal mining has a large impact on the land surface, both at the mining pits themselves and at waste sites. After artificial management is stopped, a reclaimed opencast coal mine dump is affected by wind and water erosion from natural processes, resulting in land degradation and even safety incidents. In this paper, the soil erosion and land degradation after 5 years of such natural processes, at the Xilinhot opencast coal mine dump in Inner Mongolia, were investigated. A multi-source data acquisition method was applied: the vegetation fraction coverage (VFC) was extracted from GF-1 satellite imagery, high-precision terrain characteristics and the location and degree of soil erosion were obtained using a drone, and the physical properties of the topsoil were obtained by field sampling. On this basis, the degree and spatial distribution of erosion cracks were identified, and the causes of soil erosion and land degradation were analyzed using the geographical detector. The results show that (1) multi-source data acquisition method can provide effective basic data for the quantitative evaluation of the ecological environment at dumps, and (2) slope aspect and VFC are the main factors affecting the degree of degradation and soil erosion. Based on above analysis, several countermeasures are proposed to mitigate land degradation: (1) The windward slope be designed to imitate the natural landform. (2) Reasonable engineering measures should be applied at the slope to restrain soil erosion. (3) The Pioneer plants should be widely planted on the platform at the early stage of reclamation.
It Never Rains but it Pours. The Polish Constitutional Tribunal Declares the European Convention on Human Rights Unconstitutional
Authors: Ploszka Adam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article deals with a new development in the jurisprudence of Poland’s Constitutional Tribunal: the Tribunal’s finding that art. 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights is incompatible to some extent with the Polish Constitution. The Tribunal ruled thus for the first time in its judgment of 24 November 2021 in case ref. K 6/21 in a reaction to the European Court of Human Rights judgment in the case of Xero Flor v. Poland (application no. 4907/18). The article critiques this judgment both from the national and international perspective. I argue that contrary to the intention of the Prosecutor General, who is also the Minister of Justice and who initiated the proceedings leading to this judgment, this judgment does not affect the obligation to enforce the Xero Flor judgment. As the Constitutional Tribunal, in commented judgment, fails to fulfil one of its essential functions, protecting citizens’ rights and freedoms, this judgment should be perceived as proof of the instrumentalisation of the Constitutional Tribunal for internal political purposes. This ruling, however, formed the basis for a new line of jurisprudence, as the Convention was again challenged before the Constitutional Tribunal by the Prosecutor General in reaction to subsequent ECtHR judgments. Constitutional Tribunal in its judgment of 10 March 2022 in case ref. K 7/21 ruled again on European Convention on Human Rights incompatibility with Polish Constitution.
From Childhood System Contact to Adult Criminal Conviction: Investigating Intersectional Inequalities using Queensland Administrative Data
Authors: Matthews Ben , McVie Susan , Thompson Carleen , Stewart Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIt is well known that youth justice contact is associated with criminal conviction in adulthood. What is less well understood is whether ‘cross-over’ children, who have contact with both child welfare and youth justice systems, experience relatively worse outcomes and, if so, whether these outcomes vary by important demographic factors, such as sex and race. Criminal careers scholars have examined patterns of adult convictions for different groups, but attempts to understand intersectional variation in these outcomes have been constrained by limitations of standard statistical analysis. Using administrative data from the Queensland Cross-sector Research Collaboration, we adopt a flexible regression model specification to explore the cumulative effects of both child welfare and youth justice contact on adult conviction trajectories, and how these associations vary by sex and Indigenous status. We find clear evidence across all demographic groups that contact with both justice and welfare systems in childhood is associated with increased likelihood and severity of conviction trajectories in adulthood. Thecumulative effectof cross-over status results in greater equity of negative outcomes across groups, although the conviction profile is worst for Indigenous men. Evidence of anadditionalinequality is present only for non-Indigenous women, who have the lowest likelihood of conviction overall. We conclude that while cross-over children are at elevated risk of conviction in adulthood, the nature and seriousness of their conviction pathways is conditional on pre-existing intersectional inequalities. The model specification used is a promising method by which to explore the existence of such inequalities.
Endophyte Chaetomium globosum improves the growth of maize plants and induces their resistance to late wilt disease
Authors: Elshahawy Ibrahim E. , Khattab Abd El-Nasser A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLate wilt is a soil-borne disease caused by Cephalosporium maydis that severely limits maize production. In this study, endophytic Chaetomium isolates were screened for their abilities to control C. maydis on agar plates. In a dual culture test, Chaetomium spp. isolate Ch-1 inhibited 91.0% mycelial growth of C. maydis. The pathogen’s mycelial growth and conidial germination were also inhibited by its crude extracts. This isolate was identified as C. globosum (Chg-1) based on sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rRNA gene. There are three Chg-1 application methods viz. grain treatment GT, soil application SA either individually or in combination GT + SA and two maize cultivars viz. landraces and fine seed 1005 were applied in pots and field plot experiments in controlling late wilt disease. In pots, Chg-1 treatments significantly reduced late wilt disease incidence and increased plant growth of the two maize cultivars, with a high efficacy for GT + SA compared to the positive control. Despite minor differences, treatments GT and SA provided adequate protection against late wilt. After 90 days of cultivation, the endophyte Chg-1 was re-isolated from the internodes of treated maize plants without causing any symptoms. This endophytic fungus reduced late wilt incidence in pots not only directly by antagonizing the pathogen, but also indirectly by inducing resistance mechanisms in maize plants. The induction of antioxidant enzymes (including peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase), chitinase, chlorophyll content, total phenols, and flavonoids was responsible for the indirect effects of Chg-1 against the pathogen. In the field, the endophyte not only reduced late wilt symptoms but also increased ear yield on both maize cultivars when compared to the untreated control. A combination of soil application and grain treatment with Chg-1 (GT + SA) outperformed any of these treatments individually in terms of reducing late wilt incidence and increasing grain yield in maize.
Non-invasive diagnosis and staging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kechagias Stergios , Ekstedt Mattias , Simonsson Christian , Nasr Patrik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and is characterized by ectopic accumulation of triglycerides in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, i.e., steatosis. NAFLD has become the most common chronic liver disease, with an estimated global prevalence of 25%. Although the majority of NAFLD patients will never experience liver-related complications, the progressive potential of NAFLD is indisputable, with 5–10% of subjects progressing to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, or hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis are at the highest risk of developing cardiovascular and cirrhosis-related complications. Liver biopsy has hitherto been considered the reference method for evaluation of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis stage. Given the limitations of biopsy for widescale screening, non-invasive tests (NITs) for assessment of steatosis and fibrosis stage, including serum-based algorithms and ultrasound- and magnetic resonance-based methods, will play an increasing role in the management of NAFLD patients. This comprehensive review presents the advantages and limitations of NITs for identification of steatosis and advanced fibrosis in NAFLD. The clinical implications of using NITs to identify and manage NAFLD patients are also discussed.
A system for organizing, collecting, and presenting open-source intelligence
Authors: Khan Saiful , Wallom David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOpen-source intelligence is a rapidly expanding area of the security and intelligence industry, involving the collection of internet located open data from various sources, turning that data into actionable intelligence, which is reused where possible and relevant. While creating or processing the raw input data capturing and managing the corresponding provenance information, e.g., workflow, state, raw evidence, reports, and summaries, that simplifies its retrieval and reuse is essential. In comparison, scientific workflows and tools that support them are routinely used in the majority of academic research disciplines, managing diverse sets of data resources and their provenance. Based on the techniques established within the academic community, we have developed a system for managing this open-source intelligence data and associated provenance information. This will enhance the efficiency of retrieving stored data products and reusing them to support intelligence-led security decision-making. The open-source intelligence company partnered within this project has an operational envelope that includes collecting and analyzing personal subject information. Therefore, they must understand the scope of their data holdings appropriately, especially in light of obligations under the General Data Protection Regulation. The system developed allows for tracking requests for intelligence products, ownership of the collection, analysis and generation of intelligence briefs, and tracking the delivery of those final products to the customer for future billing. This adds further layers of efficiency to operations and hence reduces the costs of producing intelligence products.
Deep neural network approximations for solutions of PDEs based on Monte Carlo algorithms
Authors: Grohs Philipp , Jentzen Arnulf , Salimova Diyora 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the past few years deep artificial neural networks (DNNs) have been successfully employed in a large number of computational problems including, e.g., language processing, image recognition, fraud detection, and computational advertisement. Recently, it has also been proposed in the scientific literature to reformulate high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) as stochastic learning problems and to employ DNNs together with stochastic gradient descent methods to approximate the solutions of such high-dimensional PDEs. There are also a few mathematical convergence results in the scientific literature which show that DNNs can approximate solutions of certain PDEs without the curse of dimensionality in the sense that the number of real parameters employed to describe the DNN grows at most polynomially both in the PDE dimension $$d \in {\mathbb {N}}$$

d
∈
N

and the reciprocal of the prescribed approximation accuracy $$\varepsilon > 0$$

ε
>
0

. One key argument in most of these results is, first, to employ a Monte Carlo approximation scheme which can approximate the solution of the PDE under consideration at a fixed space-time point without the curse of dimensionality and, thereafter, to prove then that DNNs are flexible enough to mimic the behaviour of the employed approximation scheme. Having this in mind, one could aim for a general abstract result which shows under suitable assumptions that if a certain function can be approximated by any kind of (Monte Carlo) approximation scheme without the curse of dimensionality, then the function can also be approximated with DNNs without the curse of dimensionality. It is a subject of this article to make a first step towards this direction. In particular, the main result of this paper, roughly speaking, shows that if a function can be approximated by means of some suitable discrete approximation scheme without the curse of dimensionality and if there exist DNNs which satisfy certain regularity properties and which approximate this discrete approximation scheme without the curse of dimensionality, then the function itself can also be approximated with DNNs without the curse of dimensionality. Moreover, for the number of real parameters used to describe such approximating DNNs we provide an explicit upper bound for the optimal exponent of the dimension $$d \in {\mathbb {N}}$$

d
∈
N

of the function under consideration as well as an explicit lower bound for the optimal exponent of the prescribed approximation accuracy $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

. As an application of this result we derive that solutions of suitable Kolmogorov PDEs can be approximated with DNNs without the curse of dimensionality.
Embryos derived from delayed mature oocyte should be cryopreserved and are favourable to transfer in a following endometrium synchronize frozen–thawed cycle
Authors: Aizer Adva , Noach-Hirsh Meirav , Gitman Hila , Dratviman-Storobinsky Olga , Kaner Slabodnik Keren , Nahum Ravit , Haas Jigal , Orvieto Raoul 
Published: June 2022

SummaryOocytes eligible for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are those that have progressed through meiosis to metaphase 2 (MII). The remaining delayed mature oocytes can be injected, aiming to achieve more embryos and a better chance to conceive. We aimed to assess the outcome of delayed matured oocytes, derived from either germinal vesicles or metaphase 1 (MI), that reached maturity (MII) 24 h following retrieval. The study population consisted of 362 women who underwent 476 IVF cycles. While fertilization rates were comparable between the sibling delayed mature oocyte group compared with injection on day 0 group (58.4% vs 62%, respectively, P = 0.07), the top-quality embryo rate per injected MII day 0 oocyte was significantly higher compared with day 1 injected oocyte (57.5% vs 43.9% respectively, P < 0.001). Moreover, following fresh transfer of embryos derived from delayed mature oocytes, implantation rate and the clinical pregnancy (CPR) and live-birth rates (LBR) per transfer were 3.9%, 3.3% and 1.6% respectively. When considering the following thawed embryo transfer cycles, implantation, pregnancy and LBR were non-significantly higher (10%, 8.3% and 8.3%, respectively). Although clinical outcomes are significantly lower when using embryos derived from delayed mature oocyte to mature day 0 oocytes, the additional embryos derived from delayed mature oocytes might contribute to the embryo cohort and increase the cumulative live-birth rate per retrieval. Moreover, the embryos derived from delayed mature oocyte favour a transfer in a frozen–thawed cycle rather than in a fresh cycle.
Sustaining the Individual in the Collective: A Kantian Perspective for a Sustainable World
Authors: Vereb Zachary 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIndividualist normative theories appear inadequate for the complex moral challenges of climate change. In climate ethics, this is especially notable with the relative marginalization of Kant. I argue that Kant’s philosophy, understood through its historical and cosmopolitan dimensions, has untapped potential for the climate crisis. First, I situate Kant in climate ethics and evaluate his marginalization due to perceived individualism, interiority and anthropocentrism. Then, I explore aspects of Kant’s historical and cosmopolitan writings, which present a global, future-orientated picture of humanity. Ultimately, Kant’s philosophy offers a unique take on the climate deadlock capable of sustaining the individual in the collective.
Air‐Lake Momentum and Heat Exchange in Very Young Waves Using Energy and Water Budget Closure
Authors: Lükő Gabriella , Torma Péter , Weidinger Tamás , Krámer Tamás 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTurbulent momentum and heat exchanges at the air‐water interface of lakes are complex processes due to diverse characteristics such as climate, fetch limitation, and geometry; however, their parameterizations are necessary for hydro‐ and thermodynamic modeling. In this study, we performed comprehensive research on turbulent exchanges of a shallow, large but highly fetch limited lake employing 5 months of simultaneous eddy‐covariance (EC), wave, energy, and water budget measurements. Based on the Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory, wind and wave age‐related drag coefficients and roughness lengths were derived for very young wave ages. The new drag functions showed an increased water surface resistance compared to marine conditions. In terms of water vapor roughness length and transfer coefficients, an apparent intra‐seasonal variation was observed. Turbulent heat fluxes were evaluated by closing the lake's energy budget using the Bowen ratio method. Furthermore, we aimed to close the energy budget by assuring the water balance closure as well through the evaporation (latent heat flux), resulting in significant deviations from the EC‐based results. EC‐based heat fluxes and transfer coefficients were found to be underestimated on average by 29% and 33%, respectively. The water balance closure suggested that the energy residual should not be distributed based on the Bowen ratio, and sensible heat fluxes were more underestimated than latent heat fluxes. In the case of Lake Balaton, atmospheric stability plays a minor role; however, our analysis revealed significant effects caused by the surrounding topography and water side stratification.
Influence of Rarely Mobile Boulders on Channel Width and Slope: Theory and Field Application
Authors: Nativ Ron , Turowski Jens M. , Goren Liran , Laronne Jonathan B. , Shyu J. Bruce H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLarge, rarely mobile boulders are observed globally in mountainous bedrock channels. Recent studies suggest that high concentrations of boulders could be associated with channel morphological adjustment. However, a process‐based understanding of large boulder effects on channel morphology is limited, and data are scarce and ambiguous. Here, we develop a theory of steady‐state channel width and slope as a function of boulder concentration. Our theory assumes that channel morphology adjusts to maintain two fundamental mass balances: (a) grade, in which the channel transports the same sediment flux downstream despite boulders acting as roughness elements and (b) bedrock erosion, by which the channel erodes at the background tectonic uplift rate. Model predictions are normalized by a reference, boulder‐free channel width and slope, accounting for variations due to sediment supply, discharge, and lithology. Models are tested against a new data set from the Liwu River, Taiwan, showing steepening and widening with increasing boulder concentration. Whereas one of the explored mechanisms successfully explains the observed steepening trend, none of the models accuratly account for the observed width variability. We propose that this contrast arises from different adjustment timescales: while sediment bed slope adjusts within a few floods, width adjustment takes a much longer time. Overall, we find that boulders represent a significant perturbation to fluvial landscapes. Channels tend to respond by forming a new morphology that differs from boulder‐free channels. The general approach presented here can be further expanded to explore the role of other hydrodynamic effects associated with large, rarely mobile boulders.