bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on the influence of the boundary conditions when computing the effective crack energy of random heterogeneous materials using fast marching methods
Authors: Ernesti Felix , Lendvai Jonas , Schneider Matti 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent stochastic homogenization results for the Francfort–Marigo model of brittle fracture under anti-plane shear indicate the existence of a representative volume element. This homogenization result includes a cell formula which relies on Dirichlet boundary conditions. For other material classes, the boundary conditions do not effect the effective properties upon the infinite volume limit but may have a strong influence on the necessary size of the computational domain. We investigate the influence of the boundary conditions on the effective crack energy evaluated on microstructure cells of finite size. For periodic boundary conditions recent computational methods based on FFT-based solvers exploiting the minimum cut/maximum flow duality are available. In this work, we provide a different approach based on fast marching algorithms which enables a liberal choice of the boundary conditions in the 2D case. We conduct representative volume element studies for two-dimensional fiber reinforced composite structures with tough inclusions, comparing Dirichlet with periodic boundary conditions.
The economic burden of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Australia: a cost of illness study
Authors: Cox Ingrid A. , de Graaff Barbara , Ahmed Hasnat , Campbell Julie , Otahal Petr , Corte Tamera J. , Moodley Yuben , Goh Nicole , Hopkins Peter , Macansh Sacha , Walters E. Haydn , Palmer Andrew J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a type of interstitial lung disease found mostly in elderly persons, characterized by a high symptom burden and frequent encounters with health services. This study aimed to quantify the economic burden of IPF in Australia with a focus on resource utilization and associated direct costs.

Methods
Participants were recruited from the Australian IPF Registry (AIPFR) between August 2018 and December 2019. Data on resource utilization and costs were collected via cost diaries and linked administrative data. Clinical data were collected from the AIPFR. A “bottom up” costing methodology was utilized, and the costing was performed from a partial societal perspective focusing primarily on direct medical and non-medical costs. Costs were standardized to 2021 Australian dollars ($).

Results
The average annual total direct costs per person with IPF was $31,655 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): $27,723–$35,757). Extrapolating costs based on prevalence estimates, the total annual costs in Australia are projected to be $299 million (95% CI: $262 million–$338 million). Costs were mainly driven by antifibrotic medication, hospital admissions and medications for comorbidities. Disease severity, comorbidities and antifibrotic medication all had varying impacts on resource utilization and costs.

Conclusion
This cost-of-illness study provides the first comprehensive assessment of IPF-related direct costs in Australia, identifies the key cost drivers and provides a framework for future health economic analyses. Additionally, it provided insight into the major cost drivers which include antifibrotic medication, hospital admissions and medications related to comorbidities. Our findings emphasize the importance of the appropriate management of comorbidities in the care of people with IPF as this was one of the main reasons for hospitalizations.
Rethinking professional identity formation amidst protests and social upheaval: a journey in Africa
Authors: Mokhachane Mantoa , George Ann , Wyatt Tasha , Kuper Ayelet , Green-Thompson Lionel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe under-representation of minoritized or previously oppressed groups in research challenges the current universal understanding of professional identity formation (PIF). To date, there has been no recognition of an African influence on PIF, which is crucial for understanding this phenomenon in places like South Africa, a society in which the inequity of the apartheid era still prevails. In addition, there is little data examining how social upheaval could impact PIF. This study uses interviews with medical students to explore PIF within the context of social upheaval during the 2015–2016 protests that rocked South Africa when students challenged asymmetries of power and privilege that persisted long after the country’s democratic transition. The combination of the primary author’s autoethnographic story, weaved into the South African sociohistorical context and ubuntu philosophy, contributes to this study of PIF in the South African context. The use of an African metaphor allowed the reorientation of PIF to reflect the influence of an ubuntu-based value system. Using the calabash as a metaphor, participants’ experiences were framed and organized in two ways: a calabash worldview and the campus calabash. The calabash worldview is a multidimensional mixture of values that include ubuntu, reflections of traditional childhoods, and the image of women as igneous rocks, which recognizes the power and influence on PIF of the women who raised the participants. Introducing an African ubuntu-based perspective into the PIF discourse may redirect the acknowledgement of context and local reality in developing professional identity.
The daily swab test collection problem
Authors: Aringhieri Roberto , Bigharaz Sara , Druetto Alessandro , Duma Davide , Grosso Andrea , Guastalla Alberto 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDigital Contact Tracing (DCT) has been proved to be an effective tool to counteract the new SARS-CoV-2 or Covid-19. Despite this widespread effort to adopt the DCT, less attention has been paid to the organisation of the health logistics system that should support the tracing activities. Actually, the DCT poses a challenge to the logistics of the local health system in terms of number of daily tests to be collected and evaluated, especially when the spreading of the virus is soaring. In this paper we introduce a new optimisation problem called the Daily Swab Test Collection (DSTC) problem, that is the daily problem of collecting swab tests at home in such a way to guarantee a timely testing to people notified by the app to be in contact with a positive case. The problem is formulated as a variant of the team orienteering problem. The contributions of this paper are the following: (i) the new optimisation problem DSTC that complements and improves the DCT approach proposed by Ferretti et al. (Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb6936, 2020), (ii) the DSCT formulation as a variant of the TOP and a literature review highlighting that this variant can have useful application in healthcare management, (iii) new realistic benchmark instances for the DSTC based on the city of Turin, (iv) two new efficient and effective hybrid algorithms capable to deal with realistic instances, (v) the managerial insights of our approach with a special regard on the fairness of the solutions. The main finding is that it possible to optimise the underlying logistics system in such a way to guarantee a timely testing to people recognised by the DCT.
Hateful Counterspeech
Authors: Lepoutre Maxime 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFaced with hate speech, oppressed groups can use their own speech to respond to their verbal oppressors. This “counterspeech,” however, sometimes itself takes on a hateful form. This paper explores the moral standing of such “hateful counterspeech.” Is there a fundamental moral asymmetry between hateful counterspeech, and the hateful utterances of dominant or oppressive groups? Or are claims that such an asymmetry exists indefensible? I argue for an intermediate position. There is a key moral asymmetry between these two forms of speech. But, this asymmetry notwithstanding, hateful counterspeech is capable of enacting serious harms—and so, contrary to what many legal theorists have argued, it is in principle an appropriate object of legal regulation. I begin by considering the central argument for thinking that hateful counterspeech is not seriously troubling. This argument holds that oppressed groups lack authority—and, by extension, “speaker power.” Yet this argument, I suggest, sits in tension with the fact that low-status members of dominant groups can, through their utterances, seriously harm members of oppressed groups. Philosophers of language have developed sophisticated arguments to explain this last phenomenon: they have argued that speaker power is relativised to particular jurisdictions; that it can be acquired dynamically in local settings; and that it is socially dispersed. I argue that, in light of these arguments, it appears that hateful counterspeech, too, can generate serious harms. Nevertheless, I show that this conclusion is compatible with recognising a crucial moral asymmetry between hateful counterspeech and the hate speech of oppressors.
Knocking on Hell’s door: dismantling hate with cultural consumption
Authors: Denti Daria , Crociata Alessandro , Faggian Alessandra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHow local cultural activities influence development and human behaviour is gaining popularity. Experimental evidence shows that cultural consumption is effective in countering hate. This is crucial, as hate, in turn, has a negative influence on the socioeconomic performance of places. Still, little is known on this, outside few more qualitative case studies. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of the impact of cultural consumption on hate events in the Italian NUTS3 regions. IV estimation using a unique longitudinal database, with georeferenced hate manifestations and a population-based measure for cultural consumption, shows that cultural consumption determines a reduction in hate events. Our findings support the idea that cultural change acts as key enabling factor for people open-mindedness and place inclusiveness. Our results hold after various robustness checks, suggesting the need for policy interventions promoting cultural consumption also to accomplish more tolerant communities.
A New Ai–Zhang Type Interior Point Algorithm for Sufficient Linear Complementarity Problems
Authors: E.-Nagy Marianna , Varga Anita 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new long-step interior point method for solving sufficient linear complementarity problems. The new algorithm combines two important approaches from the literature: the main ideas of the long-step interior point algorithm introduced by Ai and Zhang and the algebraic equivalent transformation technique proposed by Darvay. Similar to the method of Ai and Zhang, our algorithm also works in a wide neighborhood of the central path and has the best known iteration complexity of short-step variants. However, due to the properties of the applied transforming function in Darvay’s technique, the wide neighborhood definition in the analysis depends on the value of the handicap. We implemented not only the theoretical algorithm but a greedy variant of the new method (working in a neighborhood independent of the handicap) in MATLAB and tested its efficiency on both sufficient and non-sufficient problem instances. In addition to presenting our numerical results, we also make some interesting observations regarding the analysis of Ai–Zhang type methods.
Occupational Attainment Among Parents in Germany and the US 2000–2016: The Role of Gender and Immigration Status
Authors: Park Paige N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn many OECD countries, women are underrepresented in high status, high paying occupations and overrepresented in lower status work. One reason for this inequity is the “motherhood penalty,” where women with children face more roadblocks in hiring and promotions than women without children or men with children. This research focuses on divergent occupational outcomes between men and women with children and analyzes whether parental gender gaps in occupational status are more extreme for immigrant populations. Using data from the Luxembourg Cross-National Data Center, I compare changes in gendered occupational segregation from 2000 to 2016 in Germany and the USA among immigrant and native-born parents. Multinomial logistic regression models and predicted probabilities show that despite instituting policies intended to reduce parental gender inequality in the workforce, Germany fares worse than the USA in gendered occupational outcomes overall. While the gap between mothers’ and fathers’ probabilities of employment in high status jobs is shrinking over time in Germany, particularly for immigrant mothers, Germany’s gender gaps in professional occupations are consistently larger than gaps in the US. Likewise, gender gaps in elementary/labor work participation are also larger in Germany, with immigrant mothers having a much higher likelihood of working in labor/elementary occupations than any other group—including US immigrant women. These findings suggest that work-family policies—at least those implemented in Germany—are not cure-all solutions for entrenched gender inequality. Results also demonstrate the importance of considering the interaction between gender and other demographic characteristics—like immigrant status—when determining the potential effectiveness of proposed work-family policies.
Management is more important than urban landscape parameters in shaping orthopteran assemblages across green infrastructure in a metropole
Authors: Huchler Katharina , Pachinger Bärbel , Kropf Matthias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUrbanisation significantly shapes species abundance, diversity, and community structure of invertebrate taxa but the impact on orthoptera remains widely understudied. We investigated the combined effects of spatial, urban landscape and management-related parameters. Additionally, we discussed different sampling strategies. We sampled orthopteran assemblages on green infrastructure associated with the public transport system of Vienna, Austria. Sampled areas include railroad embankments, recreational areas or fallows. Using LMs, (G)LMMs and nMDS, we compared quantitative sampling using transect counts and semi-quantitative sampling which also included observations made off-transects. We found that vegetation type was the most important parameter, whereby structure-rich fallows featured highest species diversities and, together with extensive meadows, highest abundances, while intensive lawns were less suitable habitats. The semi-quantitative data set revealed an underlying species-area-relationship (SAR). Other important but highly entangled parameters were the mowing intensity, vegetational heterogeneity and cover of built-up area in a 250 m radius. Most found species have high dispersal abilities. Urban assemblages are most significantly shaped by management-related parameters on the site itself, which highlights the potential of conservation efforts in urban areas through suitable management. Sites of different vegetation types differ greatly and need adjusted management measures. Urban landscape parameters, such as the degree of soil sealing, appeared less important, likely due to the high dispersal abilities of most observed orthoptera species. The indicated species-area-relationship could be used to prioritize sites for conservation measures.
Accuracy of Acuros$$^{\text {TM}}$$ BV as determined from GATE monte-carlo simulation
Authors: Te Ruruku Tyrone , Wong Felix , Marsh Steven 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe American Association of Physicists in Medicine’s Task Group No.43 has provided a standardised dose calculation methodology that is now the international benchmark for all brachytherapy dosimetry publications and treatment planning systems. However, limitations in this methodology has seen the development of Model-Based Dose Calculation Algorithms (MBDCA). In 2009, Varian (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA) released Acuros$$^{\text {TM}}$$

TM

BrachyVision (ABV) which calculates dose by explicitly solving the Linear Boltzmann Transport Equation. In this study we have assessed the accuracy of ABV dose calculations within a range of materials relevant to high dose rate brachytherapy with an iridium-192 ($$^{\text {192}}$$

192

Ir) source. Accuracy assessment has been achieved by implementing a modelled GamaMed Plus $$^{\text {192}}$$

192

Ir source within a series of phantoms using the GEANT4 Application for Emission Tomography (GATE) to calculate dose for comparison with dose as determined by ABV. Comparisons between GATE and ABV were made using point-to-point profile comparisons and 1D gamma analysis. Source validation results yielded good agreement with published data. Spectrum and TG43U1 comparisons showed no major differences, with TG43U1 comparisons agreeing within ± 1%. Point-to-point comparisons showed large differences between GATE and ABV near the source and in low density materials. 1D gamma analysis pass criteria of 2%/1 mm and 2%/2 mm yielded passing rates ranging between 51.72–100% and 62.07–100% respectively. A critical analysis of this study’s results suggest that ABV is unable to accurately calculate doses in low density materials. Furthermore, spatial accuracy of dose near the source is within 2 mm.
Cardiometabolic indices predict hypogonadism in male patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Caretta N. , Facondo P. , Mereu S. , Delbarba A. , Crepaldi M. C. , Vedovato M. , Avogaro A. , Ferlin A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate in men with type 2 diabetes the association of cardiometabolic indices [Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG), and lipid accumulation product (LAP)] with total testosterone (TT) levels, and their predictive cut-off values in identifying hypogonadism.

Methods
265 consecutive men aged 40–70 years with type 2 diabetes performed an andrological evaluation; metabolic parameters and TT were determined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify cut-off values of cardiometabolic indices in predicting low testosterone (TT < 12 nmol/l).

Results
VAI, TyG, and LAP were negatively associated with TT levels. The prevalence of hypogonadism in men in the fourth quartiles of VAI, TyG, and LAP was ~ 70.0–75.0% compared to ~ 10.0–17.0% in men in the first quartiles (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the three cardiometabolic indices in predicting TT < 12 nmol/l were significantly higher concerning BMI, waist circumference, lipid profile and HbA1c. Cut off values of VAI ≥ 3.985, TyG ≥ 4.925, and LAP ≥ 51.645 predict hypogonadism with good sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion
This is the first study evaluating the association of VAI, TyG, and LAP with hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes. Alterations in these indices should direct the patients to andrological evaluation.
Gaussian guided frame sequence encoder network for action quality assessment
Authors: Li Ming-Zhe , Zhang Hong-Bo , Dong Li-Jia , Lei Qing , Du Ji-Xiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCan a computer evaluate an athlete’s performance automatically? Many action quality assessment (AQA) methods have been proposed in recent years. Limited by the randomness of video sampling and the simple strategy of model training, the performance of the existing AQA methods can still be further improved. To achieve this goal, a Gaussian guided frame sequence encoder network is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, the image feature of each video frame is extracted by Resnet model. And then, a frame sequence encoder network is applied to model temporal information and generate action quality feature. Finally, a fully connected network is designed to predict action quality score. To train the proposed method effectively, inspired by the final score calculation rule in Olympic game, Gaussian loss function is employed to compute the error between the predicted score and the label score. The proposed method is implemented on the AQA-7 and MTL–AQA datasets. The experimental results confirm that compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our proposed method achieves the better performance. And detailed ablation experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of each component in the module.
Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Interventions on Neovascularization in Achilles Tendinopathy: a Scoping Review
Authors: van Zundert P. G. E. , Masci L. , Schmitz M. J. H. , Ottenheijm R. P. G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Neovascularization is frequently observed in Achilles tendinopathy. It remains unclear whether neovascularization has a positive or negative impact on the prognosis of Achilles tendinopathy, and whether treatment should include the eradication or positive influence of neovessels. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided interventions in the treatment of neovascularization in Achilles tendinopathy. Five different ultrasound-guided interventions were identified, which are characterized by an opposite effect. Whereas platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is used to positively influence neovascularization, sclerosing agents, high-volume image-guided injections, electrocoagulation, and hyaluronic acid are used to eradicate neovascularization. Therapies eradicating neovessels, through sclerosis or high-volume image-guided injections, have a long-term effect on the reduction of neovascularization. Moreover, eradication seems to improve pain and function in the short and long term compared to therapy that positively influences neovascularization, such as PRP. PRP induces neovascularization in the short term, but this effect fades out after this period. This review focusses on the role of neovascularization in Achilles tendinopathy and provides evidence supporting the theory that neovascularization is a pathological process rather than a positive impact on healing and remodeling of the tendon. Therapy that positively influences neovascularization in the form of PRP show contradictory results in the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy, while interventions eradicating neovessels demonstrate positive effects in the short and long term.
Digitalization of Education: Commodification Hidden in Terms of Empowerment?
Authors: Armila Päivi , Sivenius Ari , Stanković Biljana , Juutilainen Lauri 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article contributes to discussions about the gap between formal educational politics and reforms, and concrete educational inequalities. With our empirical case, we bring into this discussion the contemporary reforms of formal education that lean on an imaginary idea of digitalization as an equalizing power without recognizing the criticism directed towards it. Within this case, the article covers postdigitalism in education where digitalization is not enough to make a difference. We see the postdigital paradigm as something that analyzes the present-day consequences of the digital age. Our empirical data consists of perceptions of Serbian educational authorities collected via a qualitative questionnaire and an interview. In our data collected from authorities, imaginaries of harmonization and equalization can be recognized where educational equality and empowerment are believed to be achievable via digital structures and patterns of schooling. However, selected examples from the concrete educational stratification of the Serbian population show that digitalization per se cannot be a solution: for example, poverty hierarchies within the population are tough and should be solved first. We see that emphasis on digitalization can sometimes strengthen the prevailing educational gaps between different socio-cultural population groups if digitalism is not paying attention to human and societal conditions.