bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kemudahan berusaha dalam memacu kewirausahaan dan kemandirian masyarakat kelurahan Pinang baru kecamatan Pinangsori Kabupatan Tapanuli Tengah
Authors: Sinaga Nelly Azwarni , Panggabean Sriayu Aritha , Tambunan Yenni Sofiana 
Published: May 2022

Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) merupakan unit usaha yang berperan besar dalam menyokong perekonomian nasional Indonesia terutama saat krisis ekonomi melanda tahun 1997-1998 dan terakhir pada masa pandemic covid 19. Usaha mikro kecil dan menengah merupakan pemeran utama kewirausahaan di Indonesia. Masa depan Ekonomi Indonesia juga sangat bergantung kepada kemampuan usaha mikro kecil dan menengah untuk berkembang mandiri. Sehingga Pemerintah perlu terus mendorong agar UMKM yang tersebar diseluruh pelosok negeri dapat tumbuh dan berkembang. Berdasarkan observasi awal pelaku UMKM di kelurahan Pinang Baru, Kecamatan Pinangsori, Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah belum berkembang maksimal. Banyak sumber daya manusia yang potensil namun tidak produktif menghasilan. Sehingga perlu dilakukan rangsangan agar UMKM yang sudah ada dapat lebih berkembang dan sumber daya manusia yang belum produktif dapat dibekali agar dapat produktif dan mandiri. Sehingga dipandang perlu dilakukan upaya-upaya melalui sosialisasi tentang kemudahan berusaha dalam merangsang tumbuh kembangnya semangat kewirausahaan dan kemadirian berusaha. Berdasarkan hasil sosialisasi yang dilaksanakan, tingkat pengetahuan dan wawasan masyarakat tentang kewirausahaan dan kemadirian semakin terbuka. Semangat berusaha semakin baik sehingga perlu terus didorong oleh pemerintah dan pihak-pihak yang peduli termasuk Perguruan Tinggi dalam pelaksanaan Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi.

Kata Kunci : Kemudahan Berusaha, Kewirausahaan dan Kemandirian.
ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAINING AND PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES AMONG IGBO TRADERS IN ANAMBRA STATE
Authors: Ezeanolue Uju Scholarstica , Onwuchekwa Faith , Nwosu Chike 
Published: May 2022

This study examined the influence of entrepreneurial training on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) among Igbo traders in Anambra State. The population of the study consists of all the SMEs owned by Igbo traders in Anambra State. Multi-staged sampling technique was used to determine the sample size of the study. The study employed descriptive and inferential statistics on a sample of 482 respondents. Simple percentages and regression analysis of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) were used to analyze the study. From the analysis of the study, findings revealed that: Business risk has a significant effect on the performance of SMEs among Igbo traders in Anambra State. Business skills were found to be statistically significant in influencing the performance of SMEs among Igbo traders in Anambra State. Mentorship has a significant effect on the performance of SMEs among Igbo traders in Anambra State. Business communication has a significant effect on the performance of SMEs among Igbo traders in Anambra State. Business tolerance has a significant effect on the performance of SMEs among Igbo traders in Anambra State. It was concluded that entrepreneurial training has a significant positive influence on the performance of small and medium enterprises among Igbo traders in Anambra State. Among other this, it was recommended that the owners of SMEs particularly should strive to learn enterprise risk management and that their training in business skills is imperative.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial Training, Performance, Small and Medium Enterprises, Igbo Traders and Anambra state
Firing and post-firing dynamics of Mg- and Ca-rich bricks used in the built heritage of the city of Padua (northeastern Italy)
Authors: Pérez-Monserrat Elena Mercedes , Maritan Lara , Cultrone Giuseppe 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Diverse types of bricks from monuments in the city of
Padua (northeastern Italy) were studied using a multi-analytical approach
based on spectrophotometry, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder
diffraction (XRPD), polarized-light optical microscopy (POM) and/or
high-resolution scanning electron microscopy with coupled energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (HRSEM-EDS). The most
representative bricks were yellow or beige and in well-preserved condition.
The results showed that they were made of Mg- and Ca-rich illitic clays,
were fired at high temperatures (from 900 to over 950 ∘C), and
achieved an incipient vitrification. Two main processes took place during
firing: (i) the development of a Ca-aluminosilicate amorphous phase where
very abundant pyroxene-type crystals were nucleated and (ii) the
transformation of the pristine Mg-rich clayey grains into Mg-silicate
mineral phases. The analyses suggest a firing dynamic within a highly
reactive and supersaturated unstable system, particularly rich in calcium
and magnesium. There are also signs of the rapid heating and/or soaking of
the bricks and the irregular heat distribution and/or different residence
times inside the kilns. The formation of zeolite and calcite secondary
phases was also observed. The former was largely promoted by the high
calcium content of the bodies and the very humid conditions, while the
latter was mainly precipitated from Ca-rich solutions. The preservation of
the bricks was enhanced by processes that took place both during and after
firing. Firstly, the significant development of a Ca-rich amorphous phase
and of high-temperature pyroxene-type crystals has provided strength to
the bricks. Secondly, the porosity yielded by the firing of the
carbonate-rich clays was almost filled by secondary calcite, which acted as
a cementing agent. The information attained has increased the knowledge of
(i) the mineralogical and microstructural changes that take place during the
firing over 900 ∘C of Ca- and Mg-rich illitic clays and (ii) the
formation of secondary phases within highly calcareous bricks laid in very
humid environments and affected by Ca-rich solutions. The key role of the
Ca- and Mg-rich raw clays and of the high firing temperatures, in producing
high-quality bricks, and of the secondary calcite, which increased their
durability, is highlighted. All these factors have contributed to the better
preservation of the built heritage of the city.
Évaluation de la position extérieure du Maroc. Application de l’approche External Balance Assessment « EBA »
Authors: ICHOU Mohammed Adil , ELHIRI Abderrazak , RASSAM Driss , KHANCHAOUI Imad , CHAGRAOUI Wafae 
Published: May 2022

Le déficit chronique et excessif du solde des opérations courantes de la balance des paiements constitue l’une des principales préoccupations économiques à l’échelle mondiale. C’est ainsi que la cible de l’équilibre, à moyen terme notamment, dudit solde et son corollaire la stabilité de la position extérieure globale revêtent une importance majeure et sont placés au sommet des objectifs assignés à la politique économique extérieure du Maroc. L’atteinte de ces objectifs reste inéluctablement conditionnée par l’amélioration du niveau de la compétitivité extérieure. Cet article a pour objectif de tenter de détecter les facteurs expliquant les déséquilibres du solde du compte courant de la balance des paiements et d’éclairer des pistes à entreprendre pour redresser ces déséquilibres à travers l’application de l’approche EBA.
Les résultats issus de l’application de cette approche, basée sur l’analyse du solde du compte courant et la mesure du degré de mésalignement du taux change effectif réel par rapport à son niveau de référence, ont montré que la position extérieure semble globalement en adéquation avec les fondamentaux et les grandes orientations de la politique économique selon les critères d’appréciation du FMI.
PENGARUH BUDAYA KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SMA KABUPATEN SUMBA BARAT DAYA, NTT
Authors: Deke Oktavianus 
Published: May 2022

This study aims to find out: (1) the effect between biology teacher’s work culture and their teacher’s performances of senior high school (SHS); (2) the effect between biology teacher’s performances and student’s learning achievements of senior high school (SHS); and (3) the effect between biology teacher’s performances and student’s learning achievements through teacher’s performance of senior high school (SHS). The sample consisted of biology teachers teaching in Grades X and XI with a total of 20 teachers and students of Grades X and XI. The data were collected through questionnaires and tests. The data were analyzed by means of the path analysis technique. The results of the path analysis show that: (1) there is a significant effect between biology teacher’s work culture and their performances with p smaller than 0.05 and R2 of 33.1% and regression equation with Y = 36.316 + 0.652X; (2) there is a significant effect between biology teacher’s performances and student’s learning achievements with p smaller than 0.05 and R2 of 50.3% and regression equation with Y = 48.831 + 0.252Y; and (3) there is effect between biology teacher’s performances and student’s learning achievements through teacher’s performance with of t count 2.158 bigger than t table 2.093.
THE STUDY OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC ACTIVITY DURING INFILTRATION ANESTHESIA OF DERIVATIVES OF DIPHENHYDRAMINE, TOLPERISONE, TRIMECAINE
Authors: ТҰРСЫМБЕК Ш.Н. , САТБАЕВА Э.М. , КАДЫРОВА Д.М. , МАЛКОВА Т.В. , АЛТЫНХАН Ж.М. 
Published: May 2022

Данная статья посвящена поиску новых местно-анестезирующих средств среди вновь синтезированных азотсодержащих соединений - производных дифенгидрамина, толперизона и тримекаина. В статье приведены собственные, оригинальные результаты, полученные в ходе экспериментальных исследований по изучению местноанестезирующей активности при инфильтрационной анестезии на морских свинках (модель Blubring & Wajda) новых модифицированных производных дифенгидрамина, толперизона, тримекаина при внутрикожном введении. Оценена эффективность по сравнению с эталонными препаратами (лидокаин, тримекаин). Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности указанных соединений в качестве новых местно-анестезирующих средств и требуют дальнейшего углубленного изучения их активности на доклиническом этапе
This article is devoted to the search for new local anesthetics among newly synthesized nitrogen-containing compounds - derivatives of diphenhydramine, tolperisone and trimecaine. The article presents own, original results obtained during experimental studies on the study of local anesthetic activity during infiltration anesthesia on guinea pigs (Blubring & Wajda model) of new modified derivatives of diphenhydramine, tolperisone, trimecaine with intradermal administration. The effectiveness was evaluated in comparison with reference drugs (lidocaine, trimecaine). The results obtained indicate the prospects of these compounds as new local anesthetics and require further in-depth study of their activity at the preclinical stage.
MAIN LABOR FUNCTIONS OF THE SPECIALIST IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: МОЛЖИГИТ Д.Т. , АРЫСТАНОВ Ж.М. , АХЕЛОВА Ш.Л. 
Published: May 2022

В статье показано значение профессионального стандарта для подготовки, непрерывного профессионального развития, оценки и подтверждения квалификации фармацевтических кадров. Обоснована необходимость разработки профессионального стандарта специалиста по управлению фармацевтической деятельностью и определены основные трудовые функции специалиста по управлению фармацевтической деятельности.
The article shows the importance of a professional standard for training, continuous professional development, assessment and con rmation of the quali cations of pharmaceutical personnel. The necessity of developing a professional standard for a specialist in the management of pharmaceutical activities has been substantiated and the main labor functions of a specialist in the management of pharmaceutical activities have been determined
DEFINITION OF CRITERIA AND LEVELS OF MASTER'S PREPAREDNESS FOR TEACHING
Authors: АБДРАХМАНОВА Г.М. , АРЫСТАНОВ Ж.М. , АХЕЛОВА Ш.Л. 
Published: May 2022

В статье даны определения понятий «критерии», «показатели», «готовность», «готовность к преподавательской деятельности», рассмотрены модель подготовки формирования готовности магистрантов по специальности «Фармация» к преподавательской деятельности.
The article gives the definitions of the concepts of "criteria", "indicators", "readiness", "readiness for teaching", considered a model of preparation for the formation of readiness of undergraduates in the specialty "Pharmacy" for teaching.
ASSESSMENT OF THE TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE DENSE EXTRACT OF ALLIUM GALANTHUM
Authors: Кадырбаева Г.М. , Кисличенко В.С. , Сакипова З.Б. , Сатбаеваа Э.М. , Бакитжан Д. 
Published: May 2022

В статье представлены результаты токсикологического исследования густого экстракта, полученного на основе лука молочноцветного (Allium galanthum). Исследования проводились в соответствии с утвержденным дизайном доклинического исследования. Эксперимент был проведен на половозрелых, здоровых животных (мыши) обоего пола. Полученные результаты экспериментов и данные гистологических исследований органов животных позволяют отнести экстракт лука молочноцветного к малотоксичным субстанциям.
The article presents the results of a toxicological study of a thick extract obtained from Allium galanthum. The studies were carried out following the approved preclinical study design. The experiment was carried out on sexually mature, healthy animals (mice) of both sexes. The obtained experimental results and the data of histological studies of animal organs make it possible to classify the milk onion extract as a low-toxic substance.
Effective leather procurement strategies for leather products retail industry
Authors: PalanivelRajan B. , Rajandran K. V. R. 
Published: May 2022

Now a days lot of corporate giants and World leading brands such as TATA ,Aditya Birla Group, Reliance, Future group, Walmart, Zara etc.. has been performing well in the leather retail industries. As to promote a leather product as a retail brand or to promote the sales of an existing brand the retailer has to attract the customers through their discounts, quality, services and customer focus. Giving discounts and to reduce the product price ,it is mandatory to reduce or minimize the product costing. In leather production the leather is the essential raw material. Reducing the leather products cost, retailers have to minimize the raw /wetblue leather purchase price. But this may not happen because the supplier of raw leather / Wetblue leather is influenced by the availability of good quality leather, animal slaughtering rate and the demand for superior selection / superior grade leather. This study is attempted to know alternative leather procurement methods which is required for leather and leather products industry. The data are collected from 80 samples at TATA International Ltd -Chennai by using convenience sampling Techniques.
study on mental health of students teacher in relation to their achievement in education psychology
Authors: Ravikumar P. , Shanmugam P. N. Lakshmi 
Published: May 2022

Mental health refers to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional well-being. It is all about how people think, feel, and behave. People sometimes use the term “mental health” to mean the absence of a mental disorder. Mental health can affect daily living, relationships, and physical health. The study's population is made up of all B.Ed. College students who are teachers. The investigator chose 300 students’ teacher from the Theni district at random. The method utilised was a normative survey. The investigator created and standardised the Mental Health Battery Mental Health Battery prepared by Arun Kumar Singh and Alpna Sen Gupta. The finding of present study shows that there is significant difference between male and female student teachers in their Mental health. Female students (67.45) are better than male students (67.45) in their mental health. This is may be due to fact that gender female are very calm, patient, persistence, adjustment than male students’ teacher. The finding of the present study Points out that there is significant difference between rural and urban student teachers in their Mental health. Rural student teacher (66.73) are better than urban students (62.95) in their mental health.
Reading Typologies of Whiteness: The Cop-Father and White Civil Society
Authors: Schultz Heath 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper acts as an extended artist statement and explicates the primary themes that run through my series of films Typologies of Whiteness (2016–ongoing), with a particular focus on the film Typologies of Whiteness: Call Me Daddy (2020). I explore how the series gathers and détourns cultural materials to index three common discursive themes at play in police propaganda: liberal paternalism, conservative law and order, and normative pedagogy. Drawing connections between these themes, I theorize the construction of the Cop-Father who acts as a surrogate for the trope of the missing Black father. I argue that care and violence are bound in the single figure of the Cop-Father, who cares for his kin by wielding the capacity for violence toward the Other. The Cop-Father embeds himself in the anti-Black visual discourses of multiculturalism, civilizing and disciplining those on the margins of White civil society.
Steinlen, the Police, and the (In)Justice System in Fin-de-Siècle France
Authors: Hillman Jordan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In writing about the police force in late 19th-century France, the anarchist Jean Grave decried that it was in fact necessary, if only to uphold the decisions of the unjust magistracy and to protect the interests of the bourgeoisie. This essay explores his claim through the graphic work of the Franco-Swiss artist Théophile-Alexandre Steinlen, a member of Grave's intellectual circle. Steinlen collaborated with radical leftist performers, authors, and publishers, including Grave, to produce a wealth of images that reveal his keen sensitivity to the social and political inequities of his time. Notably, Steinlen's emigration to Paris in 1881 coincided with a period of marked class antagonism in the capital, largely exacerbated by the policies of the state and their most visible enforcers: the police. Steinlen's incisive illustrations combat the uneven treatment of the lower classes by French police officers and the justice system at large, highlighting the oppressive and relentless nature of the judicial machine infernale while offering possibilities for its disruption or subversion.
Composting the Monument: Pope.L, Police, and the Trouble With Representation
Authors: Majewska Martyna Ewa 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The ways in which we view, process, and respond to photographs of racialized policing and police brutality are conditioned by existing imagery. Yet the images we are most likely to encounter, and the ones we are therefore most accustomed to viewing, fail to account for the totality of racial injustices, violence, and oppression. Photography's ability to occlude inconvenient truths and reproduce certain power dynamics as opposed to others has been identified in numerous analyses of images documenting civil rights activism. Corroborating such findings, photographs capturing the street performances Pope.L began staging in the 1970s, particularly his numerous crawls through New York City's streets and gutters, intervene in the rehearsed, customary interpretations of civil rights photography and contemporary images of racialized policing. By regarding Pope.L's performance photographs not as mere documentary records but as a preconceived photographic project, this paper demonstrates that Pope.L's images offer an incisive commentary on representations of the civil rights struggle and the photographic construction of its icons. Together with his sculptures and mixed-media installations, such works challenge the post-racial discourse of successful completion inscribed in monuments to the leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, a discourse that has resurfaced and has been repurposed throughout recent U.S. history, up to and including the present day.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE UNIVERSITIES FOUNDED DURING THE REIGN OF ABDULHAMID II AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH TRANSLATION
Authors: ÇİMEN KARAYÜREK Esra 
Published: May 2022

Many factors, such as the economy, technology, health, and education, affect and determine the level of development of a society. It would not be incorrect to believe that education is the most influential aspect of society's cultural life. Education is a phenomenon that should be evaluated within the dynamics of every society. In this context, the infrastructure in which educational institutions are offered can be an essential starting point.
Madrasahs are the first thing that comes to mind regarding education in the Ottoman period. Various scientific courses were taught in madrasahs, especially Arabic, Persian, and religious studies. Education was revised in the Ottoman Period due to the modernization of education in all international nations; the new generation's focus was shifted to Europe, and the European-style education model was adopted. In this study, the new civilian schools were founded by the Ottoman intellectuals, who realized that they were lagging behind Europe in scientific progress in the last period, with the support and guidance of the state, and the curricula of these schools transferred through translation were discussed.
AHMED PAŞA’NIN BİR GAZELİNİ YAPISALCI BİR YAKLAŞIMLA ÇÖZÜMLEME DENEMESİ
Authors: ÜNSAL Sevinç 
Published: May 2022

Divan şiirinde edebî metinleri anlama, yorumlama ve çözümleme üzerine yapılan çalışmalar büyük önem arz etmektedir. Zira divan şiiri anlaşılmak ve çözümlenmek için ayrıntılı ve disiplinli gayretleri gerekli kılan bir yapıya sahiptir.
Bu doğrultuda yapılan çalışmalar, öncelikle köklü bir gelenek oluşturan metin şerhi yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Zamanla metin şerhi yönteminin yanında modern yaklaşımlardan da faydalanılmış, böylece metinler tüm ayrıntılarıyla ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu yöntemlerden özellikle yapısalcı yaklaşım; şekil, dil, anlam gibi farklı yönlerden içyapısını adeta bir fotoğraf gibi göstererek metnin daha anlaşılır hâle gelmesine katkı sağlamıştır.
Bu çalışmada klasik yaklaşımın yanında yapısalcı yaklaşımın da metnin anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayabileceğine dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla 15. yüzyıl divan şairlerinden Ahmed Paşa’nın bir gazeli üzerinde yapısalcı yaklaşımla çözümleme denemesi yapılmıştır.
الصورة الكنائية في شعر زيان بن أبي بكردراسة بلاغية تحليلية
Authors: TUNGA İdris Zubairu , YAKUB Zakarıyya Hassan 
Published: May 2022

المستخلص:
هذه المقالة عبارة عن محاولة من الباحث تهدف إلى تسليط الضوء على ما في ديوان "إرواء العطشان" للشاعر زيان بن أبي بكر الكشناوي من الصور الكنائية؛ بغية الوقوف على جَمال قصائد الشاعر وقيمتها البلاغية، وإبراز ما تحمله من التصوير الرائع الراقي، إذ فيها ألوان من الصور الكنائية الثلاث، وهي: الكناية عن الصفة، وعن الموصوف، ثم عن النسبة. وتهدف كذلك إلى إظهار ما قام به بعض الشبان في نيجيريا من مسايرة ركب البلاغة. وقد استخدم الباحث المنهج الاستقرائي والتحليلي لإنجاز هذا العمل، وبنى موضوع المقالة على النقاط التالية: نبذة عن الشاعر وأعماله الأدبية، ثم قامت المقالة بعرض نماذج من الصور الكنائية، بعد تمهيد بسيط عن مفهوم الكناية عند اللغويين والبلاغيين؛ وظهر من خلال ذلك أن الشاعر كان يستمد صوره من عصره وبيئته، ثم توصلت المقالة إلى نتائج، منها: أن الشاعر قد استوظف الصور الكنائية الثلاث في ديوانه، وأنه مراع أيما مراعاة بالصياغة الفنية الرائعة، والأساليب البيانية الشيقة على وجه العموم، والكنائية البديعة على وجه الخصوص، كما يبدو من توظيفه لتلك الصور الكنائية، لوصف مشاعره