bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
نظرة في منهج الأصوليين في مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية من جهة أنواعها
Authors: عثمان ميرغني علي بلال 
Published: February 2022

نظرة في منهج الأصوليين في مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية من جهة أنواعها
يتناول هذا البحث قضية من قضايا تتعلق بأنواع مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية من جهة أنواعها و بيان اختلاف العلماء في عدها خمسة أو ستة، و قد ذكرت أن علماء الأصول اهتموا بالمقاصد قديما و حديثا و تعددت أبحاثهم بالمفيد الناجح، و قد أوضحت ذلك بذكر حلقات سابقة من علماء الأصول القدامى و المحدثين، و قد أبنت منهج من ذهب إلى عدها خمسة و هم المتقدمون غالبا و من ذهب إلى عدها ستة و عشرون و هم المتأخرون غالبا.
و بالإطلاع على آراء الفريقين اتضح لي أن المتقدين عدوها خمسة إذ أنهم باستقرائهم و واقعهم وجدوها شاملة و وافية في عهدهم، أما الآن فبالإستقراء و التتبع و معرفة الواقع لزمنا أن نعتبرها ستة و ذلك ما تؤيده الأدلة في اللغة و الشرع و الواقع و ما استجد في حياة الناس من وسائل العصر، لا سيما و أن العرض يفدى بما اتفق عليه من الأمور الضرورية كالنفس و المال، و أن العرض يفقد الصيانة إذا هتك و إن لم يحصل نسل مما يدل على اقترافهما و تغايرهما.
Os benefícios da massagem terapêutica na gravidez e trabalho de parto
Authors: Tralhão Filipa , Carteiro Dora 
Published: February 2022

A gravidez e o trabalho de parto implicam adaptações e desconfortos tais como a presença de alguma dor. A promoção do conforto ao longo do ciclo gravídico e trabalho de parto passa pelo controlo da dor e é determinante para uma vivência positiva atual e em futuros projetos de maternidade. A utilização da massagem terapêutica deve ser valorizada nos cuidados à grávida/casal.
Objetivo: Identificar os benefícios da massagem terapêutica na gravidez e trabalho de parto.
Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura, utilizando o método PI[C]OD, foi definida como questão: “Quais os benefícios da massagem terapêutica durante a gravidez e trabalho de parto?”. A pesquisa foi realizada com os descritores massage, therapy, pregnant woman.
Resultados: Foram selecionados 11 artigos que analisam a utilização da massagem terapêutica como intervenção eficaz na gravidez e trabalho de parto. A evidência mostra os benefícios desta no alívio dos desconfortos da gravidez e na redução da dor e da duração do trabalho de parto.
Conclusão: A massagem é uma técnica de relaxamento que apresenta benefícios para a díade: grávida-feto. A inclusão desta intervenção na prática de cuidados durante a gravidez e trabalho de parto é pertinente, acessível, segura, autónoma e facilmente aceite pelas grávidas.
Palavras-chave: grávida; massagem; terapia; trabalho de parto
Estimation of upper air relative humidity For objective analysis
Authors: KULKARNR P. L. , SINHA S. K. , TALWALKAR D. R. , NARKHEDKAR S.G. , NAIR S. , RAJAMANI S. 
Published: February 2022

A multiple regression relation was developed between upper air relative humidity
and the related surface observations, like cloud cover, present weather and surface relative humidity etc. Using this regression relation at a number of surface observing stations the relative humidity values for upper air at 700 hPa west estimated from surface relative humidity, cloud cover and present weather for six days from 4 to 9 July 1979. In order to determine the impact of these estimated value, two sets of analyses were made using optimum interpolation scheme, one including estimated RH values and the second excluding them RMS errors were calculated for all the SIX cases, comparing with the observed radiosonde data to examine how both sets of analyses with and without estimated data fitted the observations. RMS errors were also computed comparing with ECMWF-RH Analyses. Lastly, these analyst's were compared with satellite cloud pictures and found them in close agreement with the observed data.
Some studies on rainfall climatology Of the Nagpur region
Authors: GHADEKAR S. R. , THAKARE K. K. 
Published: February 2022

Characterisation of rainfall of the Nagpur region for crop production and cropping patterns is studied. Percentile , Index based on five parameters to show adequacy of rainfall for crop production is developed and round to describe monsoon performance satisfactorily, These studies have revealed that the mean rainfall of kharif season is 861.5 mm(CV20.8 %) with S2.3(CV) 7 .3 %) rainy days, Cropping season of 13weeks (25-37MW) with dependable rainfall at 75, 80, 85, 90% probability levels was round to be most assured and risk-free The cropping period at 75% and 50% probability levels can be extended up to 18 weeks (23-40MW) with marginal
risk, In rabi and summer growing seasons, there was no rainfall at all at any feasible, dependable level and this situation asked for Irrigation, Strategy for stabilizing rainfed crop yields Included the adaptation of short to medium duration crops (16-18 weeks) with water requirements 50~-900 mm, viz., groundnut, soybean, sunflower, maize, sorghum. Long duration crops like cotton and rice with high water requirements can be adapted with certain risk.
Комбинированный метод распознавания лица
Authors: Mukhamadiyeva L. , Moldagulova A. 
Published: February 2022

Currently, face recognition is one of the most important achievements of biometrics, which al-lows using algorithms to determine the character of a person by his physiological characteristics. Research and analysis of existing methods for face recognition helps, to recognize the positive and negative aspects of each of the methods provided, on the basis of which an effective method of pattern recognition is created. The fundamental idea of this article is to improve the consolidated face recognition technique using the OpenCV specialized vision library and the Viola-Jones calculation, with the help of which a face from a video stream is correlated with certain 68 points of the face. Additionally, a calculation is considered to naturally alter the image difference in order to productively identify the structure of the face. In addition, in the work, it was possible to improve the quality of object recognition, reduce the degree of false confirmation, reduce the time for preparing the classifier and image processing.
В настоящее время распознавание лица -одно из важнейших достижений биометрии, которое позволяет с помощью алгоритмов определять характер человека по его физиологическим характеристикам. Исследование и анализ существующих методов для рас-познавания лиц помогаетраспознать положительные и отрицательные аспекты каждого из предоставленных методов, на основе чего создается эффективный метод распознавания об-разов. Фундаментальной идеей данной статьи является улучшение консолидированной тех-ники распознавания лиц с использованием библиотекиспециализированного зрения OpenCV и вычисления Виолы-Джонса, с помощью которого лицо из видео-потока соотносится с определенными 68 точками лица. Дополнительно рассматривается расчет для естественного изменения различия изображения, чтобы продуктивно идентифицировать структуру лица. Кроме того, в работе удалось повысить качество распознавания объектов, снизить степень ложного подтверждения, сократить время подготовки классификатора и обработки изобра-жения.
Development of a personal data module for the citizens' immigration system
Authors: Ускенбаева Р.К. , Бектемысова Г.У. , Керимбай Е.Т. 
Published: February 2022

Рассматривается проблема внешней и внутренней иммиграции населения Республики Казахстан. Для этого разрабатывается интеллектуальная информационная система для анализа данных об иммиграцив реальном времени. На сегодняшний день разработанонесколько моделей.В данной статье рассматривается разработка модуля персональных данных для системы иммиграции граждан.
We are considering the problem of external and internal immigration of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. For this, we are developing an intelligent information system for analyzing immigration data in real time. To date, we have developed several models. This article discusses the development of a personal data module for the citizens' immigration system.
The role of smart technologies in the development of human capital and a modern approach to education
Authors: Кубеков Б.С. , Ускенбаева Р.К. , Науменко В.В. 
Published: February 2022

Для развития образования уже требуется влияниечеловеческого капитала. Необходимо изменять саму образовательную среду, а не просто наращивать объѐмы образовательных ресурсов, должно качественно измениться само содержание образования, его методы, инструменты и среды, необходим переход к Smart-образованию. Необходимо развивать такие компетенции, как аналитические, навыки решения комплексных проблем, инновационность –способность к развитию новых идей и их внедрению, навыки межкультурных коммуникаций, а также проектный подход.
The development of education already requires the influence of human capital. It is necessary to change the educational environment itself, and not just to increase the volume of educational resources, the content of education itself, its methods, tools and environments must change qualitatively, a transition to Smart-education is necessary. It is necessary to develop such competencies as analytical skills, complex problem-solving skills, innovativeness -the ability to develop new ideas and their implementation, intercultural communication skills, as well as a project approach.
The End of a Civilization: What Moderns Might Learn from Thucydides’ Peloponnesian War
Authors: A. McBrayer G. 
Published: February 2022

Thucydides self-consciously presents the Peloponnesian War as the greatest war the world had ever seen to that point in history, insofar as it was a contest between the two greatest Greek powers—Athens and Sparta—at the peak of Greek Civilization. The war, however, would mark the beginning of the end of this great civilization. Although Thucydides does not unequivocally blame Athens for the war that ultimately leads to the destruction of Greece, it is clear that he thinks Athenian devotion to motion, or to the perpetual pursuit of progress, spurred it on. Thucydides appears to lament the great expansion of education, in particular the sophistic education that became prevalent in Greece and contributed heavily to the theoretical justification behind the Athenian Empire. Even or especially education at its highest—Socratic philosophy—seems to bear some culpability for, or is at least symptomatic of, Athens’ decline, and ultimately Greece’s decline as well, in Thucydides’ view. This paper will examine Thucydides' teaching regarding the decline of civilization to see if it can offer any guidance to the current crisis of civilization in the West.
The Role of Three-dimensional Immersive Environments in Assessment and Training of Spatial Skills
Authors: Kozhevnikov Maria , Amihai Ido , Kozhevnikov Michael 
Published: February 2022

Recently, increasingly realistic three-dimensional (3D) visual displays have been designed to serve as new, more ecologically valid alternatives to conventional two-dimensional (2D) displays. However, research has thus far provided inconsistent evidence regarding the effectiveness of 3D displays in facilitating training and task performance. Here we investigated how individuals generate and transform mental images within 3D immersive environments, in which the viewers perceive themselves as being surrounded by a 3D world. In Experiment 1, we compared participants’ performance on the mental rotation task across the following types of visual presentation environments: traditional 2D non-immersive (2DNI), 3D non-immersive (3DNI – anaglyphic glasses), and two 3D immersive (3DI) environments: 3DI/HMD - head mounted display with position and head orientation tracking, and 3DI/A –augmented virtual reality technology implementing “see-though” head mounted display. In Experiment 2, we compared electroencephalogram (EEG) data recorded while participants were mentally rotating spatial images presented in 3DI/HMD vs. 2DNI environments. The findings suggest that in a non-immersive environment, participants may utilize more “artificial” encoding, during which the 3D images are encoded with respect to a scene-based frame of reference (i.e. the computer screen). On the other hand, in an immersive environment, participants use egocentric encoding strategy, during which the 3D images are encoded in relation to the observer, the same strategy they would use in a real-world. Overall, the results of both experiments indicate that immersivity aspect of an environment might be one of the most important aspects to be considered for assessment and training in domains that rely on visual-spatial performance (e.g., robotics, navigation, medical surgery).
A Driving Simulator Study on the Effect of Transversal Rumble Strips Located Nearby Dangerous Curves Under Repeated Exposure
Authors: Ariën Caroline , Brijs Kris , Ceulemans Wesley , Vanroelen Giovanni 
Published: February 2022

This study examined drivers’ behavior nearby dangerous curves when they are repeatedly exposed to the same transversal rumble strips which were located on the tangent before the curve. During a period of five successive days, sixteen participants completed a 17km test-drive in a driving simulator with four dangerous curves (two without and two with transversal rumble strips) in a within-subjects design. The selection of these curves was based on the official Belgian accident database and both curves were replicated in the driving simulator as detailed and realistic as possible. Results indicated that the transversal rumble strips induced a speed reduction of 2.3 to 5.9 kph on the tangent before the curve. This speed reduction effect sustained over the experimental period of five days. Taking the speed reduction effect into account, we can conclude that transversal rumble strips have a potential positive traffic safety effect because the reduced speed on the tangent provides more time to the drivers to make a good evaluation of the curve characteristics and environment and adapt their driving behavior in an appropriate way. Notwithstanding, we advise policy makers to make a good selection of potential dangerous curves to avoid excessive implementation of transversal rumble strips.
E-WAQF IMPLEMENTATION: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN NIGERIA WAQF SYSTEM
Authors: Salman Mohammad Jamiu , Mohamad Nor Asiah , Sadique Muhammad Abdurrahman 
Published: February 2022

The paradigm of the Waqf system has shifted from movable and immovable properties such as land Waqf, cash Waqf and others but also to the employment of electronic or e-Waqf system. Thus, the objectives of the current study are to focus on three major research questions which are: exploring the usability of the e-Waqf system in the Nigerian context; determining the challenges of e-Waqf system implementation and recommending prospects of e-Waqf implementation for better waqf governance. The study employs a qualitative approach using semi-structured interview questions to gather the information from (6) informants of e-banking expertise and (3) Waqf managers or â€œMutawalliâ€ in Nigeria. Qualitative research methods are most appropriate in situations in which little is known about a phenomenon or when attempts are being made to generate new theories. The findings of the current study indicate that online Waqf has been established as a viable solution to improve wealth redistribution amongst Muslims in Kuwait and Malaysia. In this study, online Waqf is generally referred to as Muslimsâ€™ donation in the form of cash that is performed via electronic means (e.g. Internet banking facilities). If it is offered through internet banking facilities, online Waqf is therefore viewed as one of the services that are necessary to be provided by Islamic banks.
Living with Violence and Its Relationship with Executive Function in Childhood and Adolescence: Literature Review
Authors: Sacramento Zanini Daniela , de Oliveira e Ferreira Larissa , Ferreira Leao Junqueira Karina 
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this article is to conduct a literature review of studies that have investigated the relationship between violence and the development of executive function (EF) in children and adolescents. A search was carried out in the PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline, BVS, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus, and Gale databases with the following descriptors; violence, executive functions, child, children, adolescence, an adolescent. A total of 486 articles, published in the last 10 years, were found. After reading the abstracts and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight articles remain that are related to the topic. It was found that all the studies investigated the relationship of abuse in children and adolescents. Diversity was also observed in terms of the EF components evaluated as well as in the instruments for assessing EF. Moreover, seven of the eight studies established that victimization impairs EF.
The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)
Authors: Vagalinski Boyan , Borissov Simeon , Bobeva Aneliya , Canciani Giacomo , Antić Dragan Ž. 
Published: February 2022

The blind and mostly endogean julid genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929 stat. nov. is reviewed to include ten species: S. ausugi (Manfredi, 1953) comb. nov., S. fimbriatus (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., S. gentianae (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., S. illyricus (Verhoeff, 1929) comb. nov., S. insularis (Strasser, 1938) comb. nov., S. maximus (Verhoeff, 1929) comb. nov., S. montellensis (Verhoeff, 1930) comb. nov., S. rotundatus (Strasser, 1962) comb. et stat. nov., S. seewaldi (Strasser, 1967) comb. nov., and S. tobias (Berlese, 1886) comb. nov. The distinctiveness of the genus from Typhloiulus is proven by both morphological and molecular data. The monotypic genus Alpityphlus Strasser, 1967 is here treated as a junior subjective synonym of Stygiiulus syn. nov. Stygiiulus fimbriatus comb. et stat. nov. and S. gentianae comb. et stat. nov., originally described as subspecies of S. ausugi comb. nov., are here erected to full species, while the subspecies S. illyricus stygis (Verhoeff, 1933) comb. et syn. nov. is considered to be a junior subjective synonym of the typical S. illyricus comb. nov. Lectotypes are formally designated for S. gentianae comb. et stat. nov. and S. rotundatus comb. et stat. nov., to stabilize the nomenclature of the two species under Article 74.1 of the ICZN. The phylogeny of the genus, its distribution patterns, and the modified mouthparts in some of its species are discussed.
Biomass distribution pattern and stoichiometric characteristics in main shrub ecosystems in Central Yunnan, China
Authors: Guo Zihao , Chen Wei , Chen Qianwei , Liu Xingyue , Hong Sisi , Zhu Xiuwen , Gong Hede 
Published: February 2022

Background
With the exacerbating effects of the global climate change and the more and more attention to the study of plant carbon sink, an increasing number of researches on plant carbon sinks has grown. Although many studies exist on shrub vegetation, soil and litters, most studies focus on the community structure, biomass, surface soil of single plant and shrub layer vegetation, and lack the studies which included the potential relationships between climate change and ecological stoichiometric elements, comprehensive research on main species, even herb and litter layer. In order to provide relevant theoretical basis and data support, it is necessary to take the main terrestrial shrub ecosystem in Central Yunnan as the starting point to analyze and explore its carbon sink distribution characteristics, formation causes, the correlation between climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) and stoichiometric elements, which from community and species levels.

Methods
Plants which originated from 12 main shrub species, litter and soil samples which collected in 69 plots were from 23 plots (Q1–Q23) of 11 cities (countries) in the central Yunnan, China. The biomass and carbon density distribution pattern of each shrub ecosystem and the potential correlations with main climate factors was explored and identified. Some indexes were analyzed such as biomass and carbon density of each part of the shrub ecosystem distribution pattern, correlation, significant changes, formation reasons with the mean value (±standard deviation: SD). Through the redundancy analysis(RDA) of carbon (c), nitrogen (n), phosphorus (P) and main climate factors (precipitation and temperature), the distribution pattern of stoichiometric elements in shrub ecosystem can be judged.

Results
(1) The above-ground biomass (AGB), under-ground biomass (UGB) and root-shoot ratio (R/S) were between 1.13–2.03 t/hm2, 0.62–1.49 t/hm2, and 0.38–0.84, the carbon element was distributed in herb layer under-ground part and rhizomes of the shrub layer mostly. (2) The fitting slope of AGB and UGB of shrub communities and species was in accordance with the allometric distribution growth relationship, the R/S of shrubs was smaller than other vegetation types. Mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) are not the main factors which affect the biomass and R/S. (3) The contents of C, N and P elements in leaves were significantly higher than other parts in shrub layer. P in shrub layer above-ground part is much higher than under-ground part. The surface soil layer has the highest C content, and decreased with the depth, so as the impact of vegetation and litter on the content of soil elements. Both of the correlation of MAT with N content of leaf, C/N of stem, the correlation of MAP with C content, C/N of soil is the greatest.
Case Study on Tracheo - Bronchial Stenosis: Conservative vs Bronchoscopic Approach
Authors: Modi Mahavir , Devi Kaumudi 
Published: February 2022

Tracheo-bronchial stenosis can occur in infections like tuberculosis, malignancy and post- intubation, trauma to airway. Tracheal and airway stenosis remains a challenging area for pulmonologists and require interventions to cure the patients. The aim of this study is to differentiate treatment approach in the management of variety of tracheo-bronchial stenosis. Patients with stenosis presents with breathlessness, stridor, hoarseness of voice, and are unable to expectorate. In some cases, patient will require emergency intubation and securing the airway before the treatment of stenosis. Intubation may cause mucosal damage and inflammation, granulation tissue formation, cartilage destruction, tracheomalacia and tracheal stenosis. Among these, post intubation tracheal stenosis has worst outcome and require interventions. Early diagnosis of this complication may change the natural history of the disease. If early diagnosis can be established, then bronchoscopy and balloon dilatation, stenting can be done, otherwise patient might have to undergo further resectional lung surgeries or tracheostomy depending on the site of the lesion. Each case of tracheo-bronchial stenosis needs different treatment approach and careful clinical and bronchoscopic evaluation.