bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbes, memory and moisture: Predicting microbial moisture responses and their impact on carbon cycling
Authors: E. Evans Sarah , D. Allison Steven , V. Hawkes Christine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Soil moisture is a major driver of microbial activity and thus, of the release of carbon (C) into the Earth's atmosphere. Yet, there is no consensus on the relationship between soil moisture and microbial respiration, and as a result, moisture response functions are a poorly constrained aspect of C models. In addition, models assume that the response of microbial respiration to moisture is the same for all ecosystems, regardless of climate history, an assumption that many empirical studies have challenged. These gaps in understanding of the microbial respiration response to moisture contribute to uncertainty in model predictions.

We review our understanding of what drives microbial moisture response, highlighting evidence that historical precipitation can influence both responses to moisture and sensitivity to drought. We present two hypotheses, the ‘climate history hypothesis’, where we predict that baseline moisture response functions change as a function of precipitation history, and the ‘drought legacy hypothesis’, in which we suggest that the intensity and frequency of historical drought have shaped microbial communities in ways that will control moisture responses to contemporary drought. Underlying mechanisms include biological selection and filtering of the microbial community by rainfall regimes, which result in microbial traits and trade‐offs that shape function.

We present an integrated modelling and empirical approach for understanding microbial moisture responses and improving models. Standardized measures of moisture response (respiration rate across a range of moistures) and accompanying microbial properties are needed across sites. These data can be incorporated into trait‐based models to produce generalized moisture response functions, which can then be validated and incorporated into conventional and microbially explicit ecosystem models of soil C cycling. Future studies should strive to analyse realistic moisture conditions and consider the role of environmental factors and soil structure in microbial response.

Microbes are the engines that drive C storage and are sensitive to changes in rainfall. A greater understanding of the factors that govern this sensitivity could be a key part of improving predictions of soil C dynamics, climate change and C‐climate feedbacks.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
The implosion of radical right populism and the path forward for social democracy: Evidence from the 2019 Danish national election
Authors: Etzerodt Søren Frank , Kongshøj Kristian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe collapse of the Danish People's Party (DPP) was pivotal for the Danish 2019 election since a substantial bloc of their previous voters moved to the Social Democratic Party (SDP). This provides an interesting countermovement to the trend of mainstream left parties losing voters to populist or radical right‐wing parties across European countries. This paper seeks to explain the driving issues in this voter movement, thereby shedding light on how mainstream left parties can turn the tables vis‐à‐vis their new right‐wing challengers. Specifically, we focus on the traditional or first‐dimension issues of welfare and redistribution versus the second‐dimension issue of immigration. The simultaneous left‐wing turn on welfare and redistribution and right‐wing turn on immigration of the Danish SDP has provided room for varying interpretations of the election result. This paper utilizes new survey data to analyze the voter movements from and to the SDP with a special focus on defectors from the DPP. We find that attitudes toward welfare and redistribution were pivotal in moving voters from the DPP to the SDP. Meanwhile, the SDP has not completely “neutralized” the issue of immigration, which still tends to induce these voters to remain loyal to the DPP. We do not find support for the claim that immigration attitudes condition the extent to which redistributive preferences increase the likelihood of switching to the SDP. The SDP's right turn on immigration, moreover, seems to push voters to the immigration‐friendly (center‐left wing) support parties.
The final voids: the ambiguity of emptiness in Australian coal mine rehabilitation
Authors: Dahlgren Kari 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the Australian coal mining region of the Hunter Valley, a political contest is taking shape around the mine final voids, the large holes that are left in the ground after mining has finished. This article describes an effort led by the coal lobby to fill the voids with imaginative and hopeful futures, described as a process of techno‐speculative deferral. In contrast, local environmentalists (Indigenous and non‐Indigenous) are drawing on dispossession and ongoing extractivism to craft an affective politics of loss around these spaces. The article considers the particular issues around the mine final voids as metonyms of the Anthropocene in order to caution against approaches which celebrate the hopefulness of ruins. Instead, the void's negativity presents an alternative analytical starting point for a politics of the Anthropocene, one which derives from Indigenous dispossession and expands to counter ongoing ruination.
Mycenaean Adjectives in ‐te‐ri‐jo: A Reappraisal*
Authors: Piquero Juan 
Published: March 2022

This paper offers a systematic study of the Mycenaean adjectives in ‐te‐ri‐jo / ‐tḗrios. Its purpose is twofold: first, to examine whether the suffix ‐tḗrios was already fossilized in the Mycenaean period (‐tḗrios vs. ‐tḗr + ios); second, to define the semantic values associated with this suffix in the same period. Particular attention will be paid to the interpretation of the Mycenaean words pu‐te‐ri‐ja and ko‐re‐te‐ri‐joEl presente trabajo presenta un estudio sistemático de los adjetivos micénicos en ‐te‐ri‐jo / ‐tḗrios. El propósito es doble: por un lado, determinar si el sufijo ‐tḗrios está ya fosilizado en época micénica (‐tḗrios vs. ‐tḗr + ios); por otro, delimitar los valores semánticos asociados a este sufijo en este periodo. Se presta especial atención a la interpretación de los vocablos micénicos pu‐te‐ri‐ja y ko‐re‐te‐ri‐jo.[Spanish]
Constructing a continuous hemodiafiltration‐type circulatory model of acute kidney injury in pigs
Authors: Horikawa Takumi , Maehata Junichi , Hashimoto Fumihiro , Ikuhara Toshihiko , Araki Hitomi , Umeno Hiroshi , Sano Yusuke , Ishikawa Chika , Takagi Hisayoshi , Watanabe Atsushi , Koizumi Toshinori 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAnimal‐model experimental systems capable of reflecting the effects of devices for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on living organisms are limited; thus, aimed to construct an animal model of AKI‐CRRT using pigs.MethodsPigs were subjected to renal artery ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and then to a maximum of 24 h of continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF)‐type CRRT.ResultsPost‐IRI, pigs' creatinine levels rose threefold, and they exhibited 24 h of anuria and clear aggravation of oxidative stress, demonstrating successful induction of AKI for CRRT. Post‐CRRT, no significant changes in their vital signs or hematological parameters were observed. Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen clearance, as well as suppression of increases in oxidative stress, were also confirmed.ConclusionWe believe that the use of our model can enable the preclinical evaluation of the effects of under‐development CRRT devices on living organisms under conditions similar to those encountered in an actual clinical setting.
Labor Market Benefit of Disaggregated Disclosure*
Authors: Cao Sean , Li Yinghua , Ma Guang 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTAsymmetric information is a fundamental friction that results in mismatches and efficiency losses in the labor market. In this study, we posit that more disaggregated financial disclosure by a CEO candidate's prior employer can help the hiring firm better assess the possible fit between its operational needs and the candidate's skill set. Using a mandatory segment reporting reform in the United States (SFAS 131) as an exogenous shock to disclosure disaggregation, we find a significant increase in the firm‐CEO match quality when the hiring firm has access to more disaggregated segment information about the external candidate's past employment. Furthermore, the improvement in firm‐CEO matching is greater when segment information is incrementally more useful for evaluation of candidate skills. These findings reveal a novel labor market benefit of disaggregated financial disclosure: alleviating pre‐hiring information deficiencies and facilitating efficient allocation of CEO talent across firms.
Different responses to DNA damage determine ageing differences between organs
Authors: Vougioukalaki Maria , Demmers Joris , Vermeij Wilbert P. , Baar Marjolein , Bruens Serena , Magaraki Aristea , Kuijk Ewart , Jager Myrthe , Merzouk Sarra , Brandt Renata M.C. , Kouwenberg Janneke , van Boxtel Ruben , Cuppen Edwin , Pothof Joris , Hoeijmakers Jan H. J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrgans age differently, causing wide heterogeneity in multimorbidity, but underlying mechanisms are largely elusive. To investigate the basis of organ‐specific ageing, we utilized progeroid repair‐deficient Ercc1Δ/− mouse mutants and systematically compared at the tissue, stem cell and organoid level two organs representing ageing extremes. Ercc1Δ/− intestine shows hardly any accelerated ageing. Nevertheless, we found apoptosis and reduced numbers of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), but cell loss appears compensated by over‐proliferation. ISCs retain their organoid‐forming capacity, but organoids perform poorly in culture, compared with WT. Conversely, liver ages dramatically, even causing early death in Ercc1‐KO mice. Apoptosis, p21, polyploidization and proliferation of various (stem) cells were prominently elevated in Ercc1Δ/− liver and stem cell populations were either largely unaffected (Sox9+), or expanding (Lgr5+), but were functionally exhausted in organoid formation and development in vitro. Paradoxically, while intestine displays less ageing, repair in WT ISCs appears inferior to liver as shown by enhanced sensitivity to various DNA‐damaging agents, and lower lesion removal. Our findings reveal organ‐specific anti‐ageing strategies. Intestine, with short lifespan limiting time for damage accumulation and repair, favours apoptosis of damaged cells relying on ISC plasticity. Liver with low renewal rates depends more on repair pathways specifically protecting the transcribed compartment of the genome to promote sustained functionality and cell preservation. As shown before, the hematopoietic system with intermediate self‐renewal mainly invokes replication‐linked mechanisms, apoptosis and senescence. Hence, organs employ different genome maintenance strategies, explaining heterogeneity in organ ageing and the segmental nature of DNA‐repair‐deficient progerias.
Necrozoospermia: The tree that hides the forest
Authors: Boursier Angèle , Dumont Agathe , Boitrelle Florence , Prasivoravong Julie , Lefebvre‐Khalil Valérie , Robin Geoffroy , Barbotin Anne‐Laure 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNecrozoospermia is a condition found in 0.2%–0.4% of male infertility cases. The causes of necrozoospermia are multiple: they can be related to testicular and/or post‐testicular damage. Additionally, these causes most often involve the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) which can reduce the chances of spontaneous pregnancy or affect the outcome of assisted reproductive technologies.ObjectiveTo focus on potential etiologies of necrozoospermia, its diagnosis and its therapeutic management especially before the employment of ICSI.MethodsAuthors searched PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google and Institutional websites for medical subheading terms and free text words referred to “necrozoospermia”, “sperm vitality”, “sperm viability”, SDF and “ICSI”.ResultsWe identified 12 main etiologies of necrozoospermia responsible for either a decrease of sperm vitality, a mild, a moderate or a severe necrozoospermia. In case of a confirmed decreased vitality, a thorough check‐up should be conducted and if available, etiological treatment should be proposed. Therapeutic management could also include repeated ejaculations, drug treatments, the use of ICSI with ejaculated or surgically extracted spermatozoa in case of a non‐treatable necrozoospermia.Discussion and conclusionThe potential causes of necrozoospermia should be investigated because many of them could be corrected, thus avoiding the use of ICSI. Moreover, if ICSI procedure remains necessary, the therapeutic management of necrozoospermia could also improve the chances of success by reducing oxidative stress and/or SDF.
Experimental assessment of endozoochorous dispersal of Prosopis flexuosa seeds by domestic ungulates
Authors: Egea Ángela Vanina , Campagna María Sofía , Cona Mónica Inés , Sartor Carmen , Campos Claudia Mónica 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuestionThe spatial and temporal dynamics of plant communities in various ecosystems are shaped by the movements of seeds expressed as different dispersal modes. In desert rangeland, many plants produce relatively large fruits that are limited in their long‐distance dispersal abilities and, therefore, depend on transport inside animals, a process termed endozoochory. Evaluating the effectiveness of this process from experimental data is crucial for assessing the potential of domestic ungulates as effective long‐distance seed dispersers and, consequently, as management and restoration tools in degraded rangelands.MethodsIn this study we jointly estimated recovery, gut retention time (RT) and germination probability of Prosopis flexuosa seeds (a tree species of Monte desert in Argentina) transported by goats, horses and cattle (n = 4) through a seed‐feeding experiment. Also, in horses and cattle, we used plastic particles to distinguish between seed loss due to mastication and due to degradation in the gut.ResultsResults showed higher seed recovery in horses (26%) than in cattle (3%) and goats (5%), and different values of RT and germination of seeds among species (in decreasing order, RT was: cattle > goats > horses; and germination was: goat > horses > cattle = control seeds).ConclusionsWe concluded that the quality of seed treatment by horses is better than by the other species, because of the high seed recovery and high germination compared to control seeds. To get a complete picture of this mutualistic interaction, future studies could inquire about the physical and chemical properties of faeces as substrate and the environmental conditions of sites where seeds are deposited.
A null founder variant in NPNT, encoding nephronectin, causes autosomal recessive renal agenesis
Authors: Al‐Hamed Mohamed H. , Altuwaijri Norah , Alsahan Nada , Ali Wafaa , Abdulwahab Firdous , Alzahrani Fatema , Majrashi Nada , Alkuraya Fowzan S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCongenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a spectrum of abnormalities affecting morphogenesis of the kidneys and other structures of the urinary tract. Bilateral renal agenesis (BRA) is the most severe presentation of CAKUT. Loss of either nephronectin (NPNT) or its receptor ITGA8 leads to failure of metanephric kidney development with resulting renal agenesis in murine models. Very recently, a single family with renal agenesis and a homozygous truncating variant in NPNT was reported. We report two families in whom genome‐wide linkage analysis showed an autozygous locus linked to BRA (at least one member has unilateral renal agenesis) at 4q24, with an LOD score of ~3. Exome sequencing detected a nonsense variant in NPNT in both families within the linkage interval. The pathogenicity of this variant was supported by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction data showing complete nonsense‐mediated decay of the NPNT transcript. Our report confirms the candidacy of NPNT in renal agenesis in humans and shows that even complete loss of function can be compatible with the formation of a single kidney.
Evaluation of the secondary and tertiary prevention strategies against occupational contact dermatitis in Germany: A systematic review
Authors: Ahlström Malin G. , Dietz Jojo B. , Wilke Annika , Johansen Jeanne D. , John Swen Malthe , Brans Richard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn Germany, a stepwise multidisciplinary approach has been established to prevent occupational skin diseases (OSDs), primarily occupational contact dermatitis. This review aims to perform a systematic evaluation of the short‐ and long‐term effects of the German secondary and tertiary individual prevention programmes (SIP and TIP, respectively) for OSDs. Primary outcomes were continuation of employment, severity of hand dermatitis, and quality of life (QoL). The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for studies reporting the effects of the SIP and TIP. A total of 19 studies encompassing 5527 patients with OSDs were included: 11 studies evaluated the SIP and 8 evaluated the TIP. Following the SIP, approximately 70% to 90% and 60% to 70% of patients remained in their occupation after 1 and 5 years, respectively. At 3 years after the TIP, 82.7% of patients remained in their occupation and exhibited a significant decrease in hand dermatitis severity, as well as an increase in QoL. Most of these studies were uncontrolled and the interventions, outcomes, and measurement instruments used were heterogeneous. The SIP and TIP lead to decreased disease severity, improved QoL, and enabled most patients to continue working in their chosen professions. Implementing a similar multidisciplinary approach across Europe may be beneficial.
Tail‐dependent spatial synchrony arises from nonlinear driver–response relationships
Authors: Walter Jonathan A. , Castorani Max C. N. , Bell Tom W. , Sheppard Lawrence W. , Cavanaugh Kyle C. , Reuman Daniel C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSpatial synchrony may be tail‐dependent, that is, stronger when populations are abundant than scarce, or vice‐versa. Here, ‘tail‐dependent’ follows from distributions having a lower tail consisting of relatively low values and an upper tail of relatively high values. We present a general theory of how the distribution and correlation structure of an environmental driver translates into tail‐dependent spatial synchrony through a non‐linear response, and examine empirical evidence for theoretical predictions in giant kelp along the California coastline. In sheltered areas, kelp declines synchronously (lower‐tail dependence) when waves are relatively intense, because waves below a certain height do little damage to kelp. Conversely, in exposed areas, kelp is synchronised primarily by periods of calmness that cause shared recovery (upper‐tail dependence). We find evidence for geographies of tail dependence in synchrony, which helps structure regional population resilience: areas where population declines are asynchronous may be more resilient to disturbance because remnant populations facilitate reestablishment.
Delayed B cell repopulation after rituximab treatment in multiple sclerosis patients with expanded adaptive natural killer cells
Authors: Moreira Antía , Munteis Elvira , Vera Andrea , Macías Gómez Adrián , Bertrán Recasens Bernat , Rubio Pérez Miguel Ángel , Llop Mireia , Martínez‐Rodríguez Jose E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim was to evaluate whether adaptive NKG2C+ natural killer (NK) cells, characterized by enhanced antibody‐dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC), may influence time to B cell repopulation after rituximab treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of MS patients treated with rituximab monitoring peripheral B cells for repeated doses. B cell repopulation was defined as CD19+ cells above 2% of total lymphocytes, classifying cases according to the median time of B cell repopulation as early or late (≤9 months, >9 months, respectively). Basal NK cell immunophenotype and in vitro ADCC responses induced by rituximab were assessed by flow cytometry.ResultsB cell repopulation in 38 patients (24 relapsing–remitting MS [RRMS]; 14 progressive MS) was classified as early (≤9 months, n = 19) or late (>9 months, n = 19). RRMS patients with late B cell repopulation had higher proportions of NKG2C+ NK cells compared to those with early repopulation (24.7% ± 16.2% vs. 11.3% ± 10.4%, p < 0.05), and a direct correlation between time to B cell repopulation and percentage of NKG2C+ NK cells (R 0.45, p < 0.05) was observed. RRMS cases with late repopulation compared with early repopulation had a higher secretion of tumor necrosis factor α and interferon γ by NK cells after rituximab‐dependent NK cell activation. The NK cell immunophenotype appeared unrelated to B cell repopulation in progressive MS patients.ConclusionsAdaptive NKG2C+ NK cells in RRMS may be associated with delayed B cell repopulation after rituximab, a finding probably related to enhanced depletion of B cells exerted by NK‐cell‐mediated ADCC, pointing to the use of personalized regimens with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in some patients.
Context matters: Longitudinal associations between marital relationships and sibling relationships in Black families
Authors: Skinner Olivenne D. , McHale Susan M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective and BackgroundSibling relationship qualities have been linked to parents' marital dynamics, but we know little about the contextual conditions underlying these linkages. We examined longitudinal associations between parents' reports of their marital satisfaction and conflict and siblings' reports of warmth and conflict and tested whether these associations varied by family economic strain, neighborhood economic disadvantage, and parent and youth gender.MethodData were collected in three annual home interviews with mothers and fathers and two adolescent siblings from 185 Black families.ResultsResults from multilevel models showed that associations between mothers' and fathers' marital and youth's sibling relationship varied according to neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, family economic strain, and youth gender. For example, consistent with a spillover model, on occasions when parents reported more marital conflict than usual, youth reported less sibling positivity, but only when parents also experienced less economic strain than usual. Supporting a compensation hypothesis, on occasions when parents reported more marital conflict than usual, boys reported more sibling positivity.ConclusionsResults provide new insights into family systems processes in an understudied group, including the role of contextual factors and youth gender in shaping those processes.ImplicationsResearchers and practitioners should consider multiple family relationship dynamics and the larger family contexts in which these relationships take place to better understand youth relational adjustment.