bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four irradiation and three positioning techniques for whole‐breast radiotherapy: Is sophisticated always better?
Authors: Schoepen Max , Speleers Bruno , De Neve Wilfried , Vakaet Vincent , Deseyne Pieter , Paelinck Leen , Van Greveling Annick , Veldeman Liv , Detand Jan , De Gersem Werner 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeWe report on a dosimetrical study of three patient positions (supine, prone dive, and prone crawl) and four irradiation techniques for whole‐breast irradiation (WBI): wedged‐tangential fields (W‐TF), tangential‐field intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (TF‐IMRT), multi‐beam IMRT (MB‐IMRT), and intensity‐modulated arc therapy (IMAT). This is the first study to evaluate prone crawl positioning in WBI and the first study to quantify dosimetrical and anatomical differences with prone dive positioning.MethodsWe analyzed five datasets with left‐ and right‐sided patients (n = 51). One dataset also included deep‐inspiration breath hold (DIBH) data. A total of 252 new treatment plans were composed. Dose–volume parameters and indices of conformity were calculated for the planning target volume (PTV) and organs‐at‐risk (OARs). Furthermore, anatomical differences among patient positions were quantified to explain dosimetrical differences.ResultsTarget coverage was inferior for W‐TF and supine position. W‐TF proved overall inferior, and IMAT proved foremost effective in supine position. TF‐IMRT proved competitive to the more demanding MB‐IMRT and IMAT in prone dive, but not in prone crawl position. The lung‐sparing effect was overall confirmed for both prone dive and prone crawl positioning and was largest for prone crawl. For the heart, no differences were found between prone dive and supine positioning, whereas prone crawl showed cardiac advantages, although minor compared to the established heart‐sparing effect of DIBH. Dose differences for contralateral breast were minor among the patient positions. In prone crawl position, the ipsilateral breast sags deeper and the PTV is further away from the OARs than in prone dive position.ConclusionsThe prone dive and prone crawl position are valid alternatives to the supine position in WBI, with largest advantages for lung structures. For the heart, differences are small, which establishes the role of DIBH in different patient positions. These results may be of particular interest to radiotherapy centers with limited technical resources.
AAPM WGPDMP Report 373: The content, structure, and value of the Professional Doctorate in Medical Physics (DMP)
Authors: Burmeister Jay W. , Coffey Charles W. , Hazle John D. , Kirby Neil , Kuang Yu , Lamba Michael A. , Loughery Brian , Papanikolaou Niko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Professional Doctorate in Medical Physics (DMP) was originally conceived as a solution to the shortage of medical physics residency training positions. While this shortage has now been largely satisfied through conventional residency training positions, the DMP has expanded to multiple institutions and grown into an educational pathway that provides specialized clinical training and extends well beyond the creation of additional training spots. As such, it is important to reevaluate the purpose and the value of the DMP. Additionally, it is important to outline the defining characteristics of the DMP to assure that all existing and future programs provide this anticipated value. Since the formation and subsequent accreditation of the first DMP program in 2009–2010, four additional programs have been created and accredited. However, no guidelines have yet been recommended by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. CAMPEP accreditation of these programs has thus far been based only on the respective graduate and residency program standards. This allows the development and operation of DMP programs which contain only the requisite Master of Science (MS) coursework and a 2‐year clinical training program. Since the MS plus 2‐year residency pathway already exists, this form of DMP does not provide added value, and one may question why this existing pathway should be considered a doctorate. Not only do we, as a profession, need to outline the defining characteristics of the DMP, we need to carefully evaluate the potential advantages and disadvantages of this pathway within our education and training infrastructure. The aims of this report from the Working Group on the Professional Doctorate Degree for Medical Physicists (WGPDMP) are to (1) describe the current state of the DMP within the profession, (2) make recommendations on the structure and content of the DMP for existing and new DMP programs, and (3) evaluate the value of the DMP to the profession of medical physics.
Systematic study of the iodinated rectal hydrogel spacer material discrepancy on accuracy of proton dosimetry
Authors: Hooshangnejad Hamed , Han Dong , Feng Ziwei , Dong Liang , Sun Edward , Du Kaifang , Ding Kai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeIodination of rectal hydrogel spacer increases the computed tomography (CT) visibility. The effect of iodinated hydrogel spacer material on the accuracy of proton dosimetry has not been fully studied yet. We presented a systematic study to determine the effect of iodination on proton dosimetry accuracy during proton therapy (PT).MethodsPT plans were designed for 20 prostate cancer patients with rectal hydrogel spacer. Three variations of hydrogel density were considered. First, as the ground truth, the true elemental composition of hydrogel true material (TM), verified by our measurement of spacer stopping power ratio, was used for plan optimization and Monte Carlo dose calculation. The dose distribution was recalculated with (1) no material (NM) override based on the CT intensity of the iodinated spacer, and (2) the water material (WM) override, where spacer material was replaced by water. The plans were compared with the ground truth using the metrics of gamma index (GI) and dosimetric indices.ResultsThe iodination of hydrogel spacer affected the proton dose distribution with the NM scenario showing the most deviation from the ground truth. The iodination of spacer resulted in a notable increase in CT intensity and led to the treatment planning systems mistreating the iodinated spacer as a high‐density material. Among the structures adjacent to the target, neurovascular bundles showed the largest dose difference, up to 350 cGy or about 5% of the prescribed dose with NM. Compared to the WM scenario, dose distribution similarity and GI passing ratios were lower in the NM scenario.ConclusionThe inaccurate CT intensity‐based material for iodinated spacer resulted in errors in PT dose calculation. We found that the error was negligible if the iodinated spacer was replaced with water. Water density can be used as a clinically accessible and convenient alternative material override to true spacer material.
Metabolome and transcriptome analysis on muscle of sporadic inclusion body myositis
Authors: Murakami Ayuka , Noda Seiya , Kazuta Tomoyuki , Hirano Satoko , Kimura Seigo , Nakanishi Hirotaka , Matsuo Koji , Tsujikawa Koyo , Iida Madoka , Koike Haruki , Sakamoto Kazuma , Hara Yuichiro , Kuru Satoshi , Kadomatsu Kenji , Shimamura Teppei , Ogi Tomoo , Katsuno Masahisa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveSporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is the most common acquired myopathy in patients older than 50 years of age. sIBM is hardly responds to any immunosuppressing theraphies, and its pathophysiology remains elusive. This study aims to explore pathogenic pathways underlying sIBM and identify novel therapeutic targets using metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we analyzed biopsied muscle samples from 14 sIBM patients and six non‐diseased subjects to identify metabolic profiles. Frozen muscle samples were used to measure metabolites with cation and anion modes of capillary electrophoresis time of flight mass spectrometry. We validated the metabolic pathway altered in muscles of sIBM patients through RNA sequencing and histopathological studies.ResultsA total of 198 metabolites were identified. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses identified specific metabolite changes in sIBM muscle samples. The pathways of histamine biosynthesis and certain glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis were upregulated in sIBM patients, whereas those of carnitine metabolism and creatine metabolism were downregulated. Histopathological examination showed infiltration of mast cells and deposition of chondroitin sulfate in skeletal muscle samples, supporting the results of metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses.InterpretationWe identified alterations of several metabolic pathways in muscle samples of sIBM patients. These results suggest that mast cells, chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis, carnitine, and creatine play roles in sIBM pathophysiology.
A Calcium Fluoride Nanozyme for Ultrasound‐Amplified and Ca2+‐Overload‐Enhanced Catalytic Tumor Nanotherapy
Authors: Dong Caihong , Dai Xinyue , Wang Xi , Lu Qing , Chen Liang , Song Xinran , Ding Li , Huang Hui , Feng Wei , Chen Yu , Chang Meiqi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe anticancer mechanism of nanozymes is dominantly associated with the capacity for generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by the valence change of metal elements. However, very little research is focused on and has achieved the exploration and development of enzyme‐mimicking activities of valence‐invariable metal compounds. Herein, a distinct valence‐invariable calcium fluoride (CaF2) nanozyme with ultrasound (US)‐enhanced peroxidase (POD)‐mimicking activity is rationally designed and engineered for efficient calcium (Ca2+)‐overload‐enhanced catalytic tumor nanotherapy, which is the first paradigm of Ca‐based nanozymes for catalytic cancer treatment. The release of exogenous Ca2+ ions from CaF2 nanocrystals and deleterious ROS generation derived from US‐amplified POD‐mimicking properties facilitate intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and achieve Ca2+‐overload‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction through introducing exogenous Ca2+ ions and regulating calcium‐pumping channels of neoplastic cells. Especially, US as an exogenous energy input is capable of substantially amplifying POD‐mimicking catalytic activities of CaF2 nanozyme, ultimately achieving efficient anti‐neoplastic outcome on both 4T1 breast tumor and H22 hepatic carcinoma animal models. Such a discovery of enzyme‐like activity of valence‐invariable metal compounds can broaden the cognition scope of nanozymes and effectively serves the field of catalytic and chemoreactive nanomedicine.
Progress and Perspectives of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Gas Sensing
Authors: Chu Tianshu , Rong Chao , Zhou Lei , Mao Xinyuan , Zhang Bowei , Xuan Fuzhen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) attract extensive attention in the field of heterogeneous catalysis in recent years due to the maximum atom utilization and unique physical and chemical properties. The gas sensing is actually a heterogeneous catalysis process but the SACs are new to this area. Although SACs show huge potential in gas sensing, the SACs gas sensing area currently is still at the infancy stage. This work critically reviews the recent advances and current status of single‐atom gas sensing materials. General synthesis routes, characterization methods, and sensing performance indexes are introduced. At the end, the challenges and future prospects on SACs gas sensing are presented from the authors’ perspectives. This work is anticipated to provide insights and guideline for the chemical sensing community.
Femtosecond Laser‐Texturing the Surface of Ti‐Based Implants to Improve Their Osseointegration Capacity
Authors: Lackington William A. , Schweizer Peter , Khokhlova Mariya , Cancellieri Claudia , Guimond Stefanie , Chopard‐Lallier Anne‐Lise , Hofstetter Joëlle , Schmutz Patrik , Maeder Xavier , Rottmar Markus 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn modern oral maxillofacial surgery, long‐term implant stability is intrinsically linked to the quality of osseointegration. While the osseointegration capacity of implants can be improved by modifying their surface properties, commonly used techniques, including sandblasting and acid etching, are stochastic processes offering virtually zero capacity to control the uniformity and reproducibility of micro‐ and nano‐scale surface features. In this study, titanium‐aluminium‐vanadium (TiAlV) implant surfaces are modified using femtosecond (fs) laser‐texturing, and its influence on physicochemical properties, on blood–implant interactions, and on the osseointegration potential is investigated in vitro. Laser‐texturing enables the production of designer surfaces with micro‐scale features defined in size and arrangement. While state of the art TiAlV surfaces prepared by sandblasting with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) show significant grain refinement at the near surface, fs laser‐texturing preserves the grain size and enhances the microstrain and oxide layer thickness but also leads to 15% lower bulk fatigue in comparison to BCP treatment. Blood coagulation is similar on laser‐textured and BCP surfaces, as is mineralization by human bone progenitor cells, albeit with a decreasing trend for laser‐textured surfaces. Laser‐texturing thus presents as a promising approach to create highly reproducible designer surfaces with biological performance comparable to state‐of‐the‐art implants.
Moving Contact Line Instability on Soluble Fibers
Authors: Yang Jinhong , Yuan Quanzi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a new kind of instability when inserting a soluble fiber into liquid. After wetting and dissolving the fiber by the liquid, the moving contact line (MCL) spontaneously loses stability. Because the sculpted shape of the fiber looks like a Chinese pagoda, this instability is named as the pagoda instability (PI). The coupling of dissolution and wetting leads to other special phenomena, i.e., dissolving‐induced jet flow, and optimizes the fiber shape, etc. A criterion of PI is proposed and the competition between the interfacial energy and chemical potential to deduce the MCL motion and PI is shown. A phase diagram is used to summarize the final shapes of the fibers. By conducting atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements, it is found that fibers with optimized shapes have a low adhesion force. Using the optimized fiber can decrease the influence of the capillary force during AFM measurements in humid environments by 70%.
A Transient and Biocompatible Biomemristor Integrated with NonVolatile Memory and Artificial Synapse
Authors: Xue Qi , Zhang Ke , Liang Jianghu , Sun Yu , Zhang Xiaonong , Chen Chun‐Chao , Wu Yunwen , Ling Huiqin , Li Ming , Hang Tao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTransient electronics have been intensively studied due to their potential in bio‐diagnostics and therapeutic areas. However, most devices only serve as the terminal of data collection and storage, and the clinical decision must rely on doctor analysis, which cannot provide timely warning and treatment when facing an emergency. Thus, it is critically important to build a device integrated with data storage and neuromorphic computing that can operate in physiological environments. In this work, a multifunctional memristor with an Ag/combustion zinc oxide/W structure is proposed. The memristor exhibits reliable digital resistive switching performance, including a uniform switching voltage, stable retention time, and robust on/off ratio. Simultaneously, the conductance‐modulation capabilities along with biological synaptic behaviors such as short/long‐term plasticity are fulfilled in this memristor. Moreover, a three‐layer memristor‐based neuromorphic network is constructed to perform pattern recognition and achieves a high accuracy of more than 92.2 percent. Dissolution and cell toxicity tests demonstrate the degradable and biocompatible characteristics of the memristor. This work may provide a feasible strategy to integrate information processing and data storage into one biomemristor and pave the way for innovating artificial synapses in bioelectronics applications.
High Figure‐of‐Merit Telluride‐Based Flexible Thermoelectric Films through Interfacial Modification via Millisecond Photonic‐Curing for Fully Printed Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Mallick Md Mofasser , Franke Leonard , Rösch Andres Georg , Geßwein Holger , Long Zhongmin , Eggeler Yolita M. , Lemmer Uli 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe thermoelectric generator (TEG) shows great promise for energy harvesting and waste heat recovery applications. Cost barriers for this technology could be overcome by using printing technologies. However, the development of thermoelectric (TE) materials that combine printability, high‐efficiency, and mechanical flexibility is a serious challenge. Here, flexible (SbBi)2(TeSe)3‐based screen‐printed TE films exhibiting record‐high figure of merits (ZT) and power factors are reported. A high power factor of 24 µW cm−1 K−2 (ZTmax ≈ 1.45) for a p‐type film and a power factor of 10.5 µW cm−1 K−2 (ZTmax ≈ 0.75) for an n‐type film are achieved. The TE inks, comprised of p‐Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 (BST)/n‐Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 (BT) and a Cu‐Se‐based inorganic binder (IB), are prepared by a one‐pot synthesis process. The TE inks are printed on different substrates and sintered using photonic‐curing leading to the formation of a highly conducting β‐Cu2−δSe phase that connects “microsolders,” the grains resulting in high‐performance. Folded TEGs (f‐TEGs) are fabricated using the materials. A half‐millimeter thick f‐TEG exhibits an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 203 mV with a maximum power density (pmax) of 5.1 W m−2 at ∆T = 68 K. This result signifies that a few millimeters thick f‐TEG could power Internet‐of‐Things (IoTs) devices converting low‐grade heat to electricity.
Anosmia, mild cognitive impairment, and biomarkers of brain aging in older adults
Authors: Dong Yi , Li Yuanjing , Liu Keke , Han Xiaolei , Liu Rui , Ren Yifei , Cong Lin , Zhang Qinghua , Hou Tingting , Song Lin , Tang Shi , Shi Lin , Luo Yishan , Kalpouzos Grégoria , Laukka Erika J. , Winblad Bengt , Wang Yongxiang , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOlfactory impairment is a potential marker for prodromal dementia, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This population‐based study included 4214 dementia‐free participants (age ≥65 years). Olfaction was assessed using the 16‐item Sniffin’ Sticks identification test. In the subsamples, we measured plasma amyloid beta (Aβ)40, Aβ42, total tau, and neurofilament light chain (NfL; n = 1054); and quantified hippocampal, entorhinal cortex, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes, and Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐signature cortical thickness (n = 917). Data were analyzed with logistic and linear regression models. In the total sample, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was diagnosed in 1102 persons (26.2%; amnestic MCI, n = 931; non‐amnestic MCI, n = 171). Olfactory impairment was significantly associated with increased likelihoods of MCI, amnestic MCI, and non‐amnestic MCI. In the subsamples, anosmia was significantly associated with higher plasma total tau and NfL concentrations, smaller hippocampal and entorhinal cortex volumes, and greater WMH volume, and marginally with lower AD‐signature cortical thickness. These results suggest that cerebral neurodegenerative and microvascular lesions are common neuropathologies linking anosmia with MCI in older adults.
Aggregation‐Dependent Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Chiral Carbene‐CuI‐Amide Enantiomers
Authors: Ying Ao , Ai Yuhan , Yang Chuluo , Gong Shaolong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe field of luminescent carbene‐metal‐amide (CMA) complexes and chiroptical‐active materials has been blossoming in recent years, although chiroptical‐active CMA complexes have not been reported so far. For the first time, a pair of chiral CuI‐based CMA enantiomers, (R,R)‐PSIPr*‐Cu‐DMAC and (S,S)‐PSIPr*‐Cu‐DMAC, have been developed by using chiral phenyl‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbenes as acceptor ligands in the CMA motif. The CuI‐based CMA enantiomers exhibited aggregation‐induced circularly polarized luminescence with a large luminescence dissymmetry factor of up to +0.027, the first reported for CMA complexes. This success originates from the limited ligand‐ligand rotation freedom and asymmetrical packing pattern (helical structure) of the CMA enantiomers in the crystals. Moreover, these CuI enantiomers displayed inspiring aggregation‐dependent thermally activated delayed fluorescence properties. These findings bring new insights into the optical properties of chiral CMA complexes from the perspective of aggregation states.
Semi‐Solid Superprotonic Supramolecular Polymer Electrolytes Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents and Polyoxometalates
Authors: Guo Haikun , Li Leibo , Xu Xiaolei , Zeng Minghao , Chai Shengchao , Wu Lixin , Li Haolong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSupramolecular polymers (SPs) exhibit intriguing benefits in functional soft materials due to their dynamic bonding feature. However, most SPs can only exist in the solution state and fail to form bulk materials, which limits their applications. Here, we report the fabrication of semi‐solid bulk SP materials by using polyoxometalate (POM) nanoclusters as supramolecular cross‐linkers to solidify a deep eutectic solvent (DES). The abundant protons and strong hydrogen bonds afforded by POMs enable these SP materials as superprotonic conductive electrolytes with sufficient mechanical strength, showing a proton conductivity more than 1×10−4 S cm−1 and a breaking strength exceeding 1 MPa at room temperature. Moreover, the thermodynamic reversibility of the SP electrolytes allows them to form a stable electrode‐electrolyte interface by a facile melt‐infiltration strategy upon mild heating, which leads to improved performance in supercapacitors. This work presents an innovative DES/POM hybrid system as a promising platform to develop functional supramolecular materials for energy and electronic applications.
Einzelatomkatalysatoren auf kovalenten Triazinnetzwerken: am Scheidepunkt zwischen homogener und heterogener Katalyse
Authors: Iemhoff Andree , Vennewald Maurice , Palkovits Regina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHeterogene Single‐Site‐ und Einzelatom‐Katalysatoren bieten die Möglichkeit, die hohe katalytische Aktivität und Selektivität molekularer Katalysatoren mit dem einfachen kontinuierlichen Betrieb und Recycling fester Katalysatoren zu kombinieren. In den letzten Jahren fanden kovalente Triazinnetzwerke (CTFs) als Trägermaterialien für partikuläre und isolierte Metallspezies zunehmende Beachtung. Sie weisen einen hohen Anteil an Stickstofffunktionalitäten auf und ermöglichen die Koordination molekularer Metallspezies bzw. die Stabilisierung partikulärer Metallspezies. Je nach Synthesemethode und Vorbehandlung der CTFs entstehen Materialien, die gut definierten, hoch vernetzten Polymeren ähneln, oder Materialien, die mit strukturell undefinierten stickstoffhaltigen Kohlenstoffen vergleichbar sind. Dementsprechend dienen CTFs als Modellsysteme, die es ermöglichen, die Wechselwirkung von Single‐Site‐, einzelatomaren und partikulären Metallspezies mit solchen Trägern aufzuklären. Faktoren, die den Übergang zwischen molekularen und partikulären Systemen beeinflussen, werden diskutiert, um die Grundlage zur Entwicklung maßgeschneiderter Katalysatorsysteme zu schaffen.