bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Atom‐Economic Enzymatic Cascade Catalysis for High‐Throughput RAFT Synthesis of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polymers
Authors: Li Ruoyu , Zhang Shudi , Li Quanshun , Qiao Greg G. , An Zesheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh‐throughput synthesis of well‐defined, ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMW) polymers by green approaches is highly desirable but remains unexplored. We report the creation of an atom‐economic enzymatic cascade catalysis, consisting of formate oxidase (FOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), that enables high‐throughput reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) synthesis of UHMW polymers at volumes down to 50 μL. FOx transforms formic acid, a C1substrate, and oxygen to CO2and H2O2, respectively. CO2can escape from solution while H2O2is harnessed in situ by HRP to generate radicals from acetylacetone for RAFT polymerization, leaving no waste accumulation in solution. Oxygen‐tolerant RAFT polymerization using enzymatic cascade redox cycles was successfully performed in vials and 96‐well plates to produce libraries of well‐defined UHMW polymers, and represents the first example of high‐throughput synthesis method of such materials at extremely low volumes.
Sulfenofunctionalization of Chiral α‐Trifluoromethyl Allylboronic Acids: Asymmetric Synthesis of SCF3, SCF2R, SCN and SAr Compounds
Authors: Wang Qiang , Nilsson Tomas , Eriksson Lars , Szabó Kálmán J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report herein a new method for the synthesis of densely functionalized chiral allyl SCF3, SCF2R, SCN and SAr species with a separate CF3 functionality. The synthetic approach is based on selenium‐catalyzed sulfenofunctionalization of chiral α‐CF3 allylboronic acids. The reactions proceeded with remarkably high stereo‐, diastereo‐ and site‐selectivity, based on the formation of a stable thiiranium ion followed by rapid deborylative ring opening.
Gas separation improvement of PES/PSF/PVP blend mixed matrix membranes inclusive of amorphous MOFs by O2 plasma treatment
Authors: Asadabadi Simin , Ahmadi Feijani Elahe , Ahmadian‐Alam Leila 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, crystalline UiO‐66 and NH2‐UiO‐66 metal organic frameworks (MOFs) were prepared by typical solvothermal method and then were transformed into amorphous phase by using ball milling process. The prepared MOFs were incorporated into tertiary polymer blend matrix including polyethersulfone/polysulfone/polyvinylpyrrollidone (PES/PSF/PVP:40/40/20 wt%) to examine gas separation performance of constructed mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). The synthesized MMMs were analyzed by FT‐IR, SEM, TGA, XRD, AFM, and DSC methods and also by pure gas permeation test for CO2 and CH4 gases. Afterwards, the surface of amorphous MOF‐contained MMMs was influenced by O2 plasma to thrive polar groups of membranes surface. The best gas separation result owned to amorphous NH2‐UiO‐66 comprised MMM treated by O2 plasma for 3 min at 600 W with CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 10.96 Barrer and 97.91, respectively. The mentioned MMM showed CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 8.69 Barrer and 75.56 before plasma treatment which were 170 and 50% higher than those of pristine PES/PSF/PVP blend membrane.
Direct ink writing of reinforced polydimethylsiloxane elastomer composites for flexure sensors
Authors: Ma Zeyu , Zhang Xiaodong , Liu Hongcheng , Lu Shan , Qin Liguo , Dong Guangneng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFlexible materials with ideally designed structures and properties through direct ink writing (DIW) offer vast potential for flexible wearable devices, sensors, soft robots, and so on. Despite its common use as a flexible material, Sylgard‐184's poor rheological properties restrict its ability of printing precision models by DIW. Herein, we have improved the viscosity of Sylgard‐184 by adding suitable crosslinkers and silica, which produce inks with high printing quality and a low slump rate (3.75%). In addition, the DIW printing process was investigated, and a theoretical model relating to the basic printing parameters was developed. With the model, it is possible to predict printing parameters for various elastomers. To further demonstrate the application of this strategy to flexible wearable devices, a sensor was printed. The sensor allowed real‐time monitoring of bending angles through bending angle tests. A change from 0 to 135° was detected using this bending sensor. We believe that the results of this research will provide ideas for the high‐quality printing of silicone elastomers.
Estimating ancient biogeographic patterns with statistical model discrimination
Authors: Gates Terry A. , Cai Hengrui , Hu Yifei , Han Xu , Griffith Emily , Burgener Landon , Hyland Ethan , Zanno Lindsay E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe geographic ranges in which species live is a function of many factors underlying ecological and evolutionary contingencies. Observing the geographic range of an individual species provides valuable information about these historical contingencies for a lineage, determining the distribution of many distantly related species in tandem provides information about large‐scale constraints on evolutionary and ecological processes generally. We present a linear regression method that allows for the discrimination of various hypothetical biogeographical models for determining which landscape distributional pattern best matches data from the fossil record. The linear regression models used in the discrimination rely on geodesic distances between sampling sites (typically geologic formations) as the independent variable and three possible dependent variables: Dice/Sorensen similarity; Euclidean distance; and phylogenetic community dissimilarity. Both the similarity and distance measures are useful for full‐community analyses without evolutionary information, whereas the phylogenetic community dissimilarity requires phylogenetic data. Importantly, the discrimination method uses linear regression residual error to provide relative measures of support for each biogeographical model tested, not absolute answers orp‐values. When applied to a recently published dataset of Campanian pollen, we find evidence that supports two plant communities separated by a transitional zone of unknown size. A similar case study of ceratopsid dinosaurs using phylogenetic community dissimilarity provided no evidence of a biogeographical pattern, but this case study suffers from a lack of data to accurately discriminate and/or too much temporal mixing. Future research aiming to reconstruct the distribution of organisms across a landscape has a statistical‐based method for determining what biogeographic distributional model best matches the available data.
A lower Pliocene Erymnochelyini turtle (Pleurodira, Podocnemididae) from the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Pérez‐García Adán 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe presence of a pleurodiran turtle putatively attributable to Erymnochelys madagascariensis (i.e., the only representative of Erymnochelyini that is part of the current biodiversity) or to a closely related form was recognized, in the early 1990s, for the Lower Pliocene record of the Sinda‐Mohari region (Democratic Republic of Congo). The material attributable to it was restricted to postcranial remains. Although some elements of the anterior region of the skull were subsequently found, this taxon had not been analyzed in detail until now. Knowledge about Erymnochelyini has increased remarkably since the 1990s and, especially, during the 21st century. The taxon from the Democratic Republic of Congo is here analyzed in detail, not only considering current knowledge about the lineage but also incorporating new material into this study, highlighting several partial skulls. Thus, it corresponds to one of the members of this lineage represented by a greater number of skulls. It is attributed to a new taxon, Mokelemys mbembe gen. et sp. nov., being the only representative of Erymnochelyini currently known for the Pliocene record.
Primary characteristics of the extreme heavy rainfall event over Henan in July 2021
Authors: Sun Jianhua , Fu Shenming , Wang Huijie , Zhang Yuanchun , Chen Yun , Su Aifang , Wang Yaqiang , Tang Huan , Ma Ruoyun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDuring mid‐July 2021, an extreme heavy rainfall event (HRE) occurred in Henan Province (hereafter “21.7” HRE), with extreme hourly precipitation of 201.9 mm appearing at Zhengzhou station. Our preliminary analyses of the “21.7” HRE using the observations and ECMWF (European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts) ERA5 reanalysis data, reached the following conclusions. Favorable configurations of various synoptic weather systems (e.g., strong upper‐level high‐pressure ridge, intense middle‐level low‐pressure trough) acted as crucial background conditions for the occurrence of the “21.7” HRE. A 21‐h long‐lived mesoscale convective vortex (MCV), mainly located in the middle and lower troposphere west of Zhengzhou city, was a key system that produced the extreme hourly rainfall of 201.9 mm·h−1. The MCV's development/sustainment was dominated by the vertical transport of cyclonic vorticity and tilting, as well as the horizontal import of cyclonic vorticity to the vortex's key region. In contrast, the divergence‐related vertical shrinking was the most detrimental factor. Lagrangian moisture transport analysis showed that moisture for the extreme heavy rainfall in Zhengzhou on July 20 mainly came from levels below 2200 m, driven by airflows on the peripheries of tropical cyclones IN‐FA and CEMPAKA. To enhance the understanding of “21.7” HRE, we suggest more in‐depth investigations in the future.
Female sexual function in bladder cancer: A review of the evidence
Authors: Martin Rebecca , Renouf Tessa , Rigby Jeannie , Hafeez Shaista , Thurairaja Ramesh , Kumar Pardeep , Cruickshank Susanne , Van‐Hemelrijck Mieke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundBladder cancer (BC) treatments are known to be invasive; nevertheless, research into the long‐term effects is limited and in the context of sexual function often male focussed. Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has been reported in up to 75% of female patients. This systematic scoping review examines the literature on sexual consequences of BC in female patients.ObjectiveThis study aimed to systematically evaluate the evidence on female sexual function in BC to identify areas of unmet need and research priorities.Evidence AcquisitionWe performed a critical review of PubMed, PsychMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library in March 2020 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Reviews statement following Levac et al. methodology. Identified reports were reviewed according to the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) criteria. 45 publications were included.Evidence SynthesisThere was an inconsistent use of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), with commonly used PROMs having a narrow symptom focus. However, common symptoms emerged: loss of desire, orgasmic disorders, vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, difficult intromission, reduced clitoral sensation, psychological concerns related to diagnosis, fear of contamination and body image. Sexual activity was reduced in most groups, despite women expressing a motivation to retain sexual function. The degree of symptom distress associated with FSD is underreported. Evidence emerged regarding a gap for women in clinician counselling and follow‐up.ConclusionsThe patient's perspective of FSD in BC patients is poorly understood and under‐addressed in clinical practice. There have been very few qualitative studies of FSD in BC. Any intervention designed to address the problem must start with greater understanding of both the patients' and clinicians' perspective.Lay SummaryWe examined the evidence on sexual consequences of BC in women. It is apparent that despite common themes of sexual dysfunction emerging, the problem is poorly understood and addressed in clinical practice.
The use of goal‐based outcome measures in digital therapy with adults: What goals are set, and are they achieved?
Authors: Banwell Emily , Salhi Louisa , Hanley Terry , Facey‐Campbell Nicole 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe use of idiographic goal‐based outcome measures (GBO) to monitor progress in digital therapy with adults has received little research attention. This study aimed to identify broad patterns of GBO engagement in an anonymous digital therapy service for adults, including the extent to which goals are recorded as being met by the measures.MethodsThe GBO measured the progress made towards goal achievement within the service, using a 0‐ to 10‐point scale. This paper analysed GBO data from 442 users of a digital therapy service, using descriptive and inferential statistics. Service‐user demographics were examined, along with the level of progress per goal topic, the patterns of engagement with self‐set versus collaboratively set goals and the influence of key presenting issues on goal progress.ResultsOne thousand two hundred and forty‐two goals were set, equating to a mean average of 2.23 goals set per person. Of those who engaged with the service in a sustained way, 31.6% of the goals were recorded as fully achieved, and the mean average progress was 4.35 points of a possible 10. Goals relating to signposting were frequently set. Goals set collaboratively with a practitioner were successfully achieved more often than those set independently, and those with a practitioner‐recorded presenting issue made the most goal progress.ConclusionsAlthough nuances associated with digital environments should be considered if the findings of this study are to be transferable to other therapeutic settings, our insights suggest that GBOs appear useful for monitoring therapeutic progress with adults within the digital context.
Synthesis, Docking Study and Biological Evaluation of Amide‐Based Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors with Novel Secondary Pharmacophore of Pyrimidin‐2‐ol
Authors: Hejazi Leila , Ebadi Abraham , Fakhar Zeynab , Nazari Maryam , Rezaee Elham , Abbas Tabatabai Sayyed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSoluble epoxide hydrolase enzyme (sEH) is one of the most promising and emerging targets to develop drugs for multiple disease indications, including hypertension, diabetes, stroke, dyslipidemia, pain, etc. Most inhibitor scaffolds have a urea or amide moiety to mimic the active‐site transition state. In this regard, we developed a series of amide sEH inhibitors with a pyrimidin‐2‐ol ring as a new secondary pharmacophore, which was subjected to in vitro evaluation. Compound 4w (4‐chloro‐N‐{4‐[6‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐hydroxypyrimidin‐4‐yl]phenyl}benzamide), which contains 4‐chloro substituent in both terminal phenyl rings, exhibited the most inhibitory activity against sEH with an IC50 value of 1.2 nM. Molecular docking analysis of the synthesized compounds revealed that the greater number of hydrogen bonding interactions of the amide group as the primary pharmacophore with Asp‐353, Tyr‐383, and Tyr‐466 as the key catalytic residue triad of the enzyme played a critical role and led to a more favorable binding affinity. Pharmacokinetic properties of the synthesized compounds were calculated in silico, and all ADMET indices fell within acceptable ranges. Altogether, the results of this work could provide useful information on 4,6‐diphenylpyrimidin‐2‐olas sEH inhibitors which can be utilized in further development in this area.
Hypersensitivity reaction to intravenous ondansetron: A case report
Authors: Devkota Sagar , Pradhan Umesh , Gajurel Ishu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOndansteron is widely used as prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting and is associated with various side effects. We present a case of hypersensitivity reaction in the form of itching and rashes in a 6‐year‐old female patient with a single dose of intravenous ondansetron.
Manual wheelchair use leads to a series of failed shoulder replacements: A case report and literature review
Authors: Skedros John G. , Cronin John T. , Finlinson Ethan D. , Langston Tanner D. , Adondakis Micheal G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractManual wheelchair users place high stress on their shoulders. We describe a 69‐year‐old male who developed end‐stage shoulder osteoarthritis from chronic manual wheelchair (MW) use. Three prosthetic total shoulder replacements failed, reflecting his refusal to transition to an electric wheelchair. MW use must be avoided in some of these patients.
An Enantioselective Approach to Heteroatom‐Containing Bicyclic Derivatives via Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels−Alder Reactions
Authors: He Jun‐Xiong , Si Xu‐Ge , Lu Qi‐Tao , Zhang Qian‐Wei , Cai Quan 
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive SummaryChiral heteroatom‐containing bicyclic scaffolds are important pharmacophores and prevalent in bioactive natural products and drug molecules. Herein, we report a unified approach for the divergent synthesis of chiral heteroatom‐containing bicyclic derivatives by lanthanide (III)‐catalyzed asymmetric inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder reactions of 2‐pyrones. These reactions occur with various readily available dihydropyrroles and dihydrofurans as dienophiles, providing a step‐economical synthetic platform for densely functionalized cis‐hydroindoles and cis‐hydrobenzofurans with excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The synthetic utility of this approach is demonstrated by the concise synthesis of (–)‐α‐lycorane and (–)‐lycorine alkaloids.
Performance enhancement of visible light communication (VLC) system incorporating WMZCC‐OCDMA codes and PDM‐QPSK‐DSP data encoding
Authors: Kaur Harleen , Grewal Narwant Singh 
Published: September 2022

SummaryMulti‐user optical code division multiplexing (OCDMA) in visible light communication (VLC) is an imminent domain for providing an even distribution of available bandwidth and improved security. Q4R1Zero cross‐correlation (ZCC) codes are widely reported, and improved performance is offered by them due to insignificant multiple access interference (MAI). However, practically, MAI exists in ZCC codes due to adjacent weights (W) in the code matrix rows for each user. Therefore, a novel ZCC code with a nonadjacent W is designed in this work to eradicate MAI limitations and is named weight managed ZCC codes (WMZCC). An indoor 100 Gbps/User OCDMA‐VLC system is realised using polarisation division multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying (PDM‐QPSK) and digital signal processing (DSP). Incorporation of DSP in the coherent receiver compensates the effects of dispersion and nonlinear effects and also performs phase estimation. Further, a state‐of‐the‐art comparison of WMZCC codes with diagonal identity matrix (DIM) and zero cross‐correlation resultant weight (ZCCRW) codes has been performed in terms of log symbol error rate (SER), Q factor, error vector magnitude percentage (EVM%) and log bit error rate (BER) log at different VLC lengths, Q4R1Transmitter half angles (THA), incidence half angles (IHA) and optical concentrators (cm2). Constellations are analysed with and without DSP, and according to the author's best knowledge, a 100 Gbps VLC system for five users covering 6 m at −3.42 log BER is demonstrated for the first time. Results revealed that weight management in WMZCC codes makes its performance improve as compared with ZCCRW and DIM codes.
A novel refined classification system for type 2 diabetes in adults: A Chinese retrospective cohort study
Authors: Guo Yan , Zhao Xiang , Liu Chao‐Qian , Huang Zhi‐Ping , Zou Da‐Jin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsWe propose a simple type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) classification method based on fasting C‐peptide (FCP) levels and examined its feasibility and validity.MethodsAdult T2DM patients first diagnosed in our tertiary care centre from January 2009 to January 2020 were included. Patients were followed until January 2021; their clinical characteristics, chronic complications, treatment regimen, and glycaemic control were compared.ResultsIn total, 5644 T2DM patients were included. Three subgroups were established based on FCP levels: subtype T1 (FCP ≤ 1.0 μg/L), 1423 patients (25.21%); subtype T2 (FCP 1.0–2.5 μg/L), 2914 patients (51.63%); and subtype T3 (FCP ≥ 2.5 μg/L), 1307 patients (23.16%). T1 was characterised by older age, lower body mass indices, higher initial glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and the lowest homoeostatic model assessment 2 estimates ofβ‐cell function (HOMA2‐β) and HOMA2‐insulin resistance at baseline. The T3 group's clinical characteristics were opposite to those of T1. T3 patients showed higher incidence rates and risks of diabetic kidney disease, diabetic peripheral vascular disease, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver, while the risks of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy were highest in T1. Insulin, glycosidase inhibitors, and thiazolidinedione were the most frequently used drugs, but the use of metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, and insulin secretagogue drugs was slightly lower in T1. T1 maintained higher HbA1c levels throughout follow‐up. Overall HbA1c fluctuations were more significant in T3 than in T1 and T2.ConclusionsThe new adult T2DM classification is simple and clear and will help classify different T2DM clinical characteristics and guide treatment plans.
Response of zooplankton to nutrient reduction and enhanced fish predation in a shallow eutrophic lake
Authors: Mao Zhigang , Cao Yong , Gu Xiaohong , Zeng Qingfei , Chen Huihui , Jeppesen Erik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs a key link between top‐down regulators and bottom‐up factors, zooplankton responds sensitively to environmental variations and provides information on the ecological state of freshwater systems. Although the response of zooplankton to anthropogenic pressures and fluctuating natural conditions, such as nutrient loading and climate change, has been extensively examined, findings have varied markedly. The mechanistic basis for the correlation between environmental variability and the zooplankton community is still debated, particularly for subtropical eutrophic lakes. We used two methods to analyze physicochemical and selected biological variables derived from long‐term monitoring of Lake Taihu, a subtropical shallow lake in China. We first applied random forest regression to examine how changes in zooplankton were related to a set of environmental variables on interannual time scales. Then we used the results to guide the construction of a conceptual model for piecewise structural equation modeling (pSEM) to quantify more precisely the zooplankton–environment relationship. Zooplanktivorous fish and nutrient concentrations were the most important predictors of long‐term trends in zooplankton in RF regression. Intensification of planktivorous fish predation led to a lower zooplankton biomass and smaller individuals through the removal of larger crustaceans. Moreover, suppression of zooplankton can in part be explained by increases in inedible algae, triggered by a combination of reduced nutrient concentrations and weakened grazer control. These results were also confirmed in the pSEM, which further indicated that top‐down regulators might be more important than bottom‐up factors for the zooplankton community in Lake Taihu. Our results suggest that stocking of filter‐feeding fish in the lake did not meet the expectation that they would control algae, but that the use of biomanipulation measures considering both water quality and fishery management seems promising. This study offers insights into how indicator metrics of zooplankton can improve our understanding of the associations between plankton communities and ecosystem alterations.