bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy With Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Norman M. , Navér L. , Söderling J. , Ahlberg M. , Hervius Askling H. , Aronsson B. , Byström E. , Jonsson J. , Sengpiel . , Ludvigsson J.F. , Håkansson S. , Stephansson O. 
Published: March 2022

(JAMA. 2021;325:2076–2086. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.5775)
There has been uncertainty regarding the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on neonates since the beginning of the COVID-19 worldwide pandemic, which has led to varying infant management recommendations. A balance needs to be found between interfering with the mother-infant interactions following birth and protecting the infants from SARS-CoV-2 and any adverse effects. The aim of this study was to identify associations between maternal SARS-CoV-2 positivity and adverse neonatal outcomes.
Evaluating Progestogens for Preventing Preterm Birth International Collaborative (EPPPIC): Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data From Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors:   EPPPIC Group
Published: March 2022

(Lancet. 2021;397:1183–1194. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00217-8)
Preterm birth has serious consequences. Progesterone plays an important role in preventing preterm birth. As there are different kinds of progestogens (natural and semisynthetic), this analysis aims to evaluate all forms of progestogen and their effects on various outcomes.
Intracranial Hematoma and Abscess After Neuraxial Analgesia and Anesthesia: A Review of the Literature Describing 297 Cases
Authors: Bos E.M. , van der Lee K. , Haumann J. , de Quelerij M. , Vandertop W.P. , Kalkman C.J. , Hollmann M.W. , Lirk P. 
Published: March 2022

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021;46:337–343. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2020-102154. Epub January 13, 2021)
On occasion, neuraxial analgesia leads to severe complications and side effects such as intracranial hematoma or abscess. This study aimed to review literature cases describing intracranial hematomas or abscesses resulting from neuraxial block to analyze patient characteristics, management, and recovery to identify patients at increased risk and provide optimal care and improve outcomes.
GENERAL ANESTHESIA The Effect of COVID-19 on General Anaesthesia Rates for Caesarean Section. A Cross-sectional Analysis of 6 Hospitals in the North-west of England
Authors: Bhatia K. , Columb M. , Bewlay A. , Eccles J. , Hulgur M. , Jayan N. , Lie J. , Verma D. , Parikh R. 
Published: March 2022

(Anaesthesia. 2021;76:312–319. doi: 10.1111/anae.15313. Epub November 2, 2020)
Before the onset of the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) global pandemic, data from the National Obstetric Anaesthesia Database suggests that regional anesthesia (RA), as opposed to general anesthesia (GA), was used in 91% of all cesarean deliveries (CD) performed. In the time since COVID-19 emerged, there is evidence that regional anesthesia has been encouraged over general anesthesia in the surgical setting, including during CD. Benefits to regional anesthesia include limiting the need for aerosol-generating procedures and consequential risks on healthcare staff, decreasing the use personal protective equipment (PPE), and increasing surgical theatre turnover efficiency. There is limited information on the impact anesthesia-specific guidelines have had on actual RA and GA rates for CD during the pandemic. This study investigates changes in CD general anesthesia rates occurring during the first peak of the pandemic across six maternity units within north-west England.
Tailoring Postoperative Pain Management With a Procedure-specific Approach: How to Best Apply this Concept to Cesarean Deliveries
Authors: Landau R. , Richebé P. 
Published: March 2022

(Anaesthesia. 2021;76:587–589. doi: 10.1111/anae.15251. Epub October 14, 2020)
To mitigate pain in postoperative patients, procedure-specific pain management (PROSPECT) surgeons and anesthetists have been performing systematic reviews and meta-analyses to make evidence-based and practical perioperative recommendations with a procedure-specific approach. The PROSPECT approach is now being applied to caesarean deliveries (CD) as new pain management studies and strategies have emerged. These clinical recommendations will ideally help clinicians improve maternal care, decrease hospital length of stay, reduce opioid exposure and intake, and lead to improved maternal outcomes. There is concern, however, the PROSPECT methodology is adequately patient-specific and outcome-specific for patients undergoing CD.
A shadowing program for PAs and APRNs to promote collaborative care
Authors: Nishi Laura , Soco Cheryl , Duke Rebecca , Williams Lisa 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
This article describes a shadowing program aimed at promoting collaborative care among PAs and NPs at an academic medical center. The program fostered interprofessional and interdisciplinary experiences to improve collaborative skills. Clinicians who completed the program had a significant improvement in collaborative competencies, as measured by the Interprofessional Collaboration Competency Attainment Survey.
The Impact of Timing on Clinical and Economic Outcomes During Inter-ICU Transfer of Acute Respiratory Failure Patients: Time and Tide Wait for No One
Authors: Nadig Nandita R. , Brinton Daniel L. , Simpson Kit N. , Goodwin Andrew J. , Simpson Annie N. , Ford Dee W. 
Published: March 2022

IMPORTANCE AND OBJECTIVE:
Approximately one in 30 patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) undergoes an inter-ICU transfer. Our objectives are to describe inter-ICU transfer patterns and evaluate the impact of timing of transfer on patient-centered outcomes.

DESIGN:
Retrospective, quasi-experimental study.

SETTING:
We used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases in five states (Florida, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, and Washington) during 2015–2017.

PARTICIPANTS:
We selected patients with International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th Revision codes of respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation who underwent an inter-ICU transfer (n = 6,718), grouping as early (≤ 2 d) and later transfers (3+ d). To control for potential selection bias, we propensity score matched patients (1:1) to model propensity for early transfer using a priori defined patient demographic, clinical, and hospital variables.

MAIN OUTCOMES:
Inhospital mortality, hospital length of stay (HLOS), and cumulative charges related to inter-ICU transfer.

RESULTS:
Six-thousand seven-hundred eighteen patients with ARF underwent inter-ICU transfer, 68% of whom (n = 4,552) were transferred early (≤ 2 d). Propensity score matching yielded 3,774 well-matched patients for this study. Unadjusted outcomes were all superior in the early versus later transfer cohort: inhospital mortality (24.4% vs 36.1%; p < 0.0001), length of stay (8 vs 22 d; p < 0.0001), and cumulative charges ($118,686 vs $308,977; p < 0.0001). Through doubly robust multivariable modeling with random effects at the state level, we found patients who were transferred early had a 55.8% reduction in risk of inhospital mortality than those whose transfer was later (relative risk, 0.442; 95% CI, 0.403–0.497). Additionally, the early transfer cohort had lower HLOS (20.7 fewer days [13.0 vs 33.7; p < 0.0001]), and lower cumulative charges ($66,201 less [$192,182 vs $258,383; p < 0.0001]).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
Our study is the first to use a large, multistate sample to evaluate the practice of inter-ICU transfers in ARF and also define early and later transfers. Our findings of favorable outcomes with early transfer are vital in designing future prospective studies evaluating evidence-based transfer procedures and policies.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters in Surrogate Decision Makers of Patients Experiencing Chronic Critical Illness
Authors: Wendlandt Blair , Ceppe Agathe , Gaynes Bradley N. , Cox Christopher E. , Hanson Laura C. , Nelson Judith E. , Carson Shannon S. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common among surrogate decision makers of patients with chronic critical illness (CCI). PTSD symptoms can be categorized into clusters including intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal, each of which has been associated with distinct outcomes and treatment responses. Our objective was to determine which symptom cluster was predominant among surrogates of patients with CCI.

DESIGN:
Secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial of a communication intervention.

SETTING:
The original trial was conducted in medical intensive care units at three tertiary-care centers and one community hospital.

PATIENTS:
Patients with CCI (≥7 d of mechanical ventilation and not expected to die or to be weaned from the ventilator in the subsequent 72 hr) and their surrogates.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Surrogate PTSD symptoms were measured 90 days after onset of patient CCI using the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R). The IES-R includes a total score (range, 0–88, higher scores indicate severe symptoms) as well as three subscales that assess intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal (range of intrusion and avoidance scores 0–32 and range of hyperarousal score 0–24). Intrusion symptoms were most severe (mean score, 10.3; 95% CI, 9.3–11.2), followed by avoidance (mean score, 8.0; 95% CI, 7.2–8.8). Hyperarousal symptoms were lowest (mean score, 5.1; 95% CI, 4.5–5.7). In a multivariable linear regression model, we found that surrogates of patients who died had higher odds of intrusion (β, 5.52; p < 0.0001) and avoidance (β, 3.29; p = 0.001) symptoms than surrogates of patients who lived, even after adjusting for baseline symptoms of anxiety and depression. Patient death was not associated with hyperarousal symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS:
Intrusive thoughts are the most severe PTSD symptom in surrogates of patients experiencing CCI, with intensified symptoms among surrogates of patients who died. These results have the potential to inform tailored treatment strategies to reduce PTSD symptoms in this population.
Helicobacter pylori may participate in the development of inflammatory bowel disease by modulating the intestinal microbiota
Authors: Bai Xiaoyin , Jiang Lingjuan , Ruan Gechong , Liu Tingting , Yang Hong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a non-specific inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that is generally accepted to be closely related to intestinal dysbiosis in the host. GI infections contribute a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD; however, although the results of recent clinical studies have revealed an inverse correlation between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and IBD, the exact mechanism underlying the development of IBD remains unclear. H. pylori, as a star microorganism, has been a focus for decades, and recent preclinical and real-world studies have demonstrated that H. pylori not only affects the changes in the gastric microbiota and microenvironment but also influences the intestinal microbiota, indicating a potential correlation with IBD. Detailed analysis revealed that H. pylori infection increased the diversity of the intestinal microbiota, reduced the abundance of Bacteroidetes, augmented the abundance of Firmicutes, and produced short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia. All these factors may decrease vulnerability to IBD. Further studies investigating the H. pylori-intestinal microbiota metabolite axis should be performed to understand the mechanism underlying the development of IBD.
Novel insights into the effect of Xiaoyao san on corticosterone-induced hepatic steatosis: inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor/perilipin-2 signaling pathway
Authors: Gong Lian , Wang Guo-En , Ma Qing-Yu , Hao Wen-Zhi , Xian Min-Hua , Wu Yan-Ping , Kurihara Hiroshi , He Rong-Rong , Chen Jia-Xu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Xiaoyao san (XYS) is a classic traditional Chinese medicinal formula. It has been clinically administered to regulate liver function. However, its mechanisms in glucocorticoid-induced hepatic steatosis are unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether XYS protects against corticosterone (CORT)-induced hepatic steatosis, and to explore its mechanism.

Methods:
High-fat diet mice induced with hepatic steatosis by 2 mg/kg CORT were administered 2.56 g/kg or 5.12 g/kg XYS daily for 7 weeks. The effects of XYS on hepatic steatosis in mice were evaluated by H&E and Oil Red O staining and by measuring their plasma lipids (triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids). The mechanism of XYS against hepatic steatosis was investigated by network pharmacology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and gain-of-function/loss-of-function experiments.

Results:
XYS alleviated CORT-induced steatosis, decreased plasma lipids, and inhibited glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation in the liver. Network pharmacology data indicated that XYS may have mitigated hepatic steatosis via GR which mediated adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP). Gain-of-function/loss-of-function experiments in vitro confirmed that GR positively regulated ADFP expression.

Conclusions:
XYS ameliorated CORT-induced hepatic steatosis by downregulating the GR/ADFP axis and inhibiting lipid metabolism. Our studies implicate that XYS is promising as a therapy for CORT-induced hepatic steatosis, and lay the foundation for designing novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies on CORT-induced hepatic steatosis.
The National Psoriasis Foundation Recognizes the Critical Role of Nurses in Caring for the Psoriatic Disease Community
Authors: Howard Leah , Bell Stacie 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
When the National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF) began a new 5-year strategic plan on July 1, 2019, it was understood that to achieve the lofty goals laid out in the plan, partnership with many different healthcare stakeholders would be critical. Although numerous advancements in care and new treatment options have changed the prognosis for individuals diagnosed with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, many still face obstacles in living with and managing their disease. To support the community in overcoming these challenges, the NPF provides education, resources, and connection to the psoriatic disease community directly to individuals living with the disease. The Foundation also offers education and resources directly to the nurses and other healthcare professionals who care for individuals living with psoriatic disease—all to improve their lives and to optimize health outcomes. These efforts are complimented by the work done to support the other half of the NPF mission—lead collaborative, transformational research toward a cure.
Surfing After Hip Resurfacing Surgery
Authors: Vanlommel Jan , Goldhofer Markus , Walter William L. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
There is no information about surfing after hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA). We did a retrospective study aiming to evaluate the safety and feasibility to resume surfing—an extreme sport with high-impact physical activity—after HRA.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Specialist Orthopaedic Group, Mater Hospital Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Patients:
We evaluated 45 patients who practiced surfing before the onset of pain and hip surgery. Complete clinical and radiographical follow-up and a completed questionnaire were available for 37 (82%) patients.

Interventions:
Hip resurfacing arthroplasty.

Main outcome measures:
Postel-Merle d'Aubigne score, the Oxford hip score, the Harris hip score, and the University of California at Los Angeles activity score. Radiographical evaluation at 6 weeks, 3, and 12 months after surgery and yearly thereafter. Return to surf rates using a specific questionnaire. Complications and failures during follow-up.

Results:
All clinical scores improved significantly after HRA. Eight of 37 (22%) patients stopped surfing after their HRA. More than 80% of patients commenced surfing within the first 6 months after surgery. During surfing, 21 patients (72%) were completely pain free.

Conclusion:
No literature exists regarding the return to a high-impact sport as surfing after HRA. Most of our patients (71%) were able to return at least to their preoperative level of surfing after surgery. No complications related to this sport activity were observed during short-term follow-up. We believe that surfing is compatible with HRA, but long-term studies are necessary to assess the influence of this extreme sport on loosening and revision rates.
Cardiac Remodeling in Elite Aquatic Sport Athletes
Authors: Coates Alexandra M. , Cheung Christian P. , Currie Katharine D. , King Trevor J. , Mountjoy Margo L. , Burr Jamie F. 
Published: March 2022

Objective:To characterize and compare the sport-specific cardiac structure of elite swimmers (SW), water polo players (WP), and artistic swimmers (AS).Design:A cross-sectional assessment of elite aquatic athletes' hearts.Setting:The athletes' village at the 2019 FINA World Championships.Participants:Ninety athletes from swimming (SW) (20 M/17 F), water polo (WP) (21 M/9 F), and artistic swimming (AS) (23 F).Assessment and Main Outcome Measures:An echocardiographic assessment of cardiac structure was performed on noncompetition days.Results:Male SW displayed primarily eccentric volume-driven remodeling, whereas male WP had a greater incidence of pressure-driven concentric geometry (SW = 5%, WP = 25%) with elevated relative wall-thickness (RWT) (SW = 0.35 ± 0.04, WP = 0.44 ± 0.08,P< 0.001). Female SW and WP hearts were similar with primarily eccentric-remodeling, but SW and WP had greater concentricity index than artistic swimmers (SW = 6.74 ± 1.45 g/(mL)2/3, WP = 6.80 ± 1.24 g/(mL)2/3, AS = 5.52 ± 1.08 g/(mL)2/3,P= 0.007). AS had normal geometry, but with increased posterior-wall specific RWT (SW = 0.32 ± 0.05, AS = 0.42 ± 0.11,P= 0.004) and greater left atrial area than SW (SW = 9.7 ± 0.9 cm2/m2, AS = 11.0 ± 1.1 cm2/m2,P= 0.003). All females had greater incidence of left ventricular (LV) posterior/septal wall-thickness ≥11 mm than typically reported (SW = 24%, WP = 11%, AS = 17%).Conclusions:Male athletes presented classic sport-specific differentiation, with SW demonstrating primarily volume-driven eccentric remodelling, and WP with greater concentric geometry indicative of pressure-driven remodeling. Female SW and WP did not display this divergence, likely because of sex-differences in adaptation. AS had unique LV-specific adaptations suggesting elevated pressure under low-volume conditions. The overall incidence of elevated wall-thickness in female athletes may point to an aquatic specific pressure-stress.
Characteristics Associated With Repeated Evaluations for Urinary Tract Infections in Older Women: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Bradley Megan S. , Stanger Michael , Ford Cassie , Lowder Jerry , Handa Victoria L. 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
The aims of this study were to estimate the incidence of repeated evaluations for urinary tract infection (UTI) after a single occurrence and to identify characteristics associated with repeated evaluations in a female Medicare population.

Methods
This was a case-control study of women aged 65 years or older undergoing incident outpatient evaluation for UTI between the years of 2011 and 2018. We defined UTI evaluation as an outpatient encounter with diagnostic codes for UTI and an order for urine culture. We excluded women with diagnostic codes suggestive of a complicated UTI. Among all women with an incident UTI evaluation, cases were defined as those with repeated evaluations, defined as either a total of ≥2 UTI evaluations in 6 months and/or ≥3 in 1 year. The characteristics of cases versus controls were compared with both an unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression model.

Results
Our overall cohort consisted of 169,958, of which 13,779 (8.1%) had repeated evaluations for UTI. In unadjusted analyses, cases were more likely to be older than 75 years, of White race, and to have cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, dementia, renal disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (all P's < 0.01) as compared with controls. In adjusted analysis, ages 75 years to 84 years (P < 0.01) and ages older than 84 years (P < 0.01) along with multiple medical comorbidities were significant risk factors for repeated evaluations for UTI. Black women had lower odds of repeated evaluations for UTI (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Among women with a single UTI evaluation, repeated evaluations for UTI were associated with older age, White race, and medical comorbidities. Future studies should investigate racial disparities seen in care-delivery behavior and/or care-seeking behavior.
Complications After Vaginal Vault Suspension Versus Minimally Invasive Sacrocolpopexy in Women With Elevated Body Mass Index: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Data From the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database
Authors: Stairs Jocelyn , Minassian Vatche , Clancy Aisling 
Published: March 2022

Importance
Overweight and obese women represent a growing share of pelvic floor reconstruction surgeons’ practices. Determining perioperative risk specific to this population is essential to inform decision making regarding operative approach in this population.

Objective
The aim of the study was to compare surgical complications among overweight and obese women undergoing apical compartment prolapse surgery by either minimally invasive abdominal or vaginal approach.

Study Design
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Database was used to identify overweight and obese patients (body mass index ≥ 25) undergoing either minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy (MISC) or vaginal vault suspension (VVS) in the form of a sacrospinous vault fixation or uterosacral ligament fixation for pelvic organ prolapse from 2012 to 2019. Odds ratios for surgical complications, readmission, and reoperation were estimated using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Of 8,990 eligible patients, 5,851 underwent a VVS and 3,139 patients underwent MISC. There was a greater odds of any complication in the first 30 days following VVS (n = 608 [10.4%]) compared with MISC (n = 247 [7.9%]; odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.48) on multivariable analysis. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) were the most common complication and were more likely following VVS (112 (3.6%) versus 350 (6.0%), P < 0.001). When UTIs were excluded, there was no difference in complications between approaches (1.00; 95% CI, 0.82–1.22). There were no statistically significant odds of readmission, reoperation, or serious complications between approaches.

Conclusions
Vaginal vault suspension may be associated with a higher odds of any complication compared with MISC in overweight and obese women, but the rate of serious complications, readmission, and reoperation are low, and approaches were comparable when considering complications other than UTI.
Assessing the heterogeneity in the transmission of infectious diseases from time series of epidemiological data
Authors: Schneckenreither Günter , Herrmann Lukas , Reisenhofer Rafael , Popper Nikolas , Grohs Philipp 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStructural features and the heterogeneity of disease transmissions play an essential role in the dynamics of epidemic spread. But these aspects can not completely be assessed from aggregate data or macroscopic indicators such as the effective reproduction number. We propose an index of effective aggregate dispersion (EffDI) that indicates the significance of infection clusters and superspreading events in the progression of outbreaks by carefully measuring the level of stochasticity in time series of reported case numbers. This allows to detect the transition from predominantly clustered spreading to a diffusive regime with diminishing significance of singular clusters, which can be decisive for the future progression of outbreaks and relevant in the planning of containment measures. We evaluate EffDI for SARS-CoV-2 case data in different countries and compare the results with a quantifier for the socio-demographic heterogeneity in disease transmissions in a case study to substantiate that EffDI qualifies as a measure for the heterogeneity in transmission dynamics.