bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychische Belastung von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Coronazeit
Authors: Bohl Christin , Karnaki Pania , Cheli Simone , Fornes Romero Gertrudis , Glavak Tkalić Renata , Papadopoulos Eva , Schaefer Mathieu , Berth Hendrik 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Internationale Studien zeigen, dass die Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie verstärkt zu psychischen Auffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen führen können. Insgesamt gibt es zu diesem Themenbereich viele Studienaktivitäten, jedoch nur wenige repräsentative Untersuchungen für Deutschland.

Ziel der Arbeit
Es soll untersucht werden, welchen Einfluss die COVID-19-Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland nimmt und welche Risiko- und protektive Faktoren für das mentale Wohlbefinden während der Pandemie existieren. Im Anschluss wird ein EU-weites Projekt skizziert, welches die psychische Gesundheit von SchülerInnen durch ein Schulungsprogramm für Lehrkräfte und andere PädagogInnen fördern will.

Methoden
Unter Nutzung der Literaturdatenbanken PubMed und Medline fand eine unsystematische Literaturrecherche im Sinne eines narrativen Reviews statt. Die in dieser Arbeit einbezogenen Studien wurden anhand ihres thematisch passenden Abstracts ausgewählt.

Ergebnisse
Die Zahl der Kinder, die psychische Auffälligkeiten oder Verhaltensstörungen zeigen, stieg rapide an. Vor allem die soziale Isolation, Ängste und Unsicherheit, sowie Konflikte innerhalb der Familie aufgrund von Überforderung oder finanziellen Sorgen führen zu einer Verschlechterung der psychischen Situation von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die Folgen sind depressive Verstimmungen, Verhaltensauffälligkeiten und psychosomatische Beschwerden.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen dürfen nicht unterschätzt werden. Auch in den kommenden Jahren ist ein besonderer Unterstützungsbedarf gefordert.
Abnormal intrinsic brain functional network dynamics in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Zhao Guoshu , Zhan Yaru , Zha Jing , Cao Yuan , Zhou Fuqing , He Laichang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe specific topological changes in dynamic functional networks and their role in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) brain function reorganization remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic functional connection (dFC) of patients with CSM, focusing on the temporal characteristics of the functional connection state patterns and the variability of network topological organization. Eighty-eight patients with CSM and 77 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We applied the sliding time window analysis method and K-means clustering analysis to capture the dFC variability patterns of the two groups. The graph-theoretical approach was used to investigate the variance in the topological organization of whole-brain functional networks. All participants showed four types of dynamic functional connection states. The mean dwell time in state 2 was significantly different between the two groups. Particularly, the mean dwell time in state 2 was significantly longer in the CSM group than in the healthy control group. Among the four states, switching of relative brain networks mainly included the executive control network (ECN), salience network (SN), default mode network (DMN), language network (LN), visual network (VN), auditory network (AN), precuneus network (PN), and sensorimotor network (SMN). Additionally, the topological properties of the dynamic network were variable in patients with CSM. Dynamic functional connection states may offer new insights into intrinsic functional activities in CSM brain networks. The variance of topological organization may suggest instability of the brain networks in patients with CSM.
High Temperature Fatigue Performance of Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion Manufactured Alloy 718
Authors: Kjellsson Henrik , Balachandramurthi Arun Ramanathan , Moverare Johan , Hansson Thomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured (AM) parts have been shown to be different from that of cast and wrought counterparts. In this study, electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) fabricated Alloy 718 was exposed to three different heat treatment routes followed by strain-controlled fatigue testing at 550 °C. The fatigue tests were performed with specimens built with their center axis parallel and transverse relative to the build direction. The microstructure showed saturated precipitation ofδ-Ni3Nb after repeated solution treatment at 954 °C. In contrast, noδ-Ni3Nb precipitates could be observed after a single-step solution treatment at 1025 °C. However, the disparity of secondary phases showed no noticeable influence on the fatigue life. A significant difference in fatigue behavior was noted between the parallel and transverse directions. The specimens loaded parallel to the elongated grains showed on average ~5× greater life in comparison to the perpendicularly loaded specimens. Compared to corresponding heat-treated material conditions tested at ambient temperature, the specimens showed lower life at high strain amplitude and superior life at low strain amplitude. Moreover, competitive internal and surface failure modes were observed at the lower strain amplitudes while for the higher strain ranges, surface failure modes dominated.
Interaction and combined toxicity of microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic environment
Authors: Dai Yanhui , Zhao Jian , Sun Chunxiao , Li Diying , Liu Xia , Wang Zhenyu , Yue Tongtao , Xing Baoshan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) are recognized as vectors for the transport of organic contaminants in aquatic environments in addition to their own adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely present in aquatic environments due to their widespread applications, and thus coexist with MPs. Therefore, we focus on the interaction of MPs and PFASs and related combined toxicity in aquatic environments in this work. The adsorption of PFASs on MPs is critically reviewed, and new mechanisms such as halogen bonding, π-π interaction, cation-π interactions, and micelle formation are proposed. Moreover, the effect of MPs on the transport and transformation of PFASs in aquatic environments is discussed. Based on four typical aquatic organisms (shellfish, Daphnia, algae, and fish), the toxicity of MPs and/or PFASs at the organismal or molecular levels is also evaluated and summarized. Finally, challenges and research perspectives are proposed, and the roles of the shapes and aging process of MPs on PFAS biogeochemical processes and toxicity, especially on PFAS substitutes, are recommended for further investigation. This review provides a better understanding of the interactions and toxic effects of coexisting MPs and PFASs in aquatic environments.
Cerebral Microdialysis-Based Interventions Targeting Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Winberg Jakob , Holm Isabella , Cederberg David , Rundgren Malin , Kronvall Erik , Marklund Niklas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), a complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is linked to cerebral vasospasm and associated with poor long-term outcome. We implemented a structured cerebral microdialysis (CMD) based protocol using the lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) as an indicator of the cerebral energy metabolic status in the neurocritical care decision making, using an LPR ≥ 30 as a cutoff suggesting an energy metabolic disturbance. We hypothesized that CMD monitoring could contribute to active, protocol-driven therapeutic interventions that may lead to the improved management of patients with SAH.

Methods
Between 2018 and 2020, 49 invasively monitored patients with SAH, median Glasgow Coma Scale 11 (range 3–15), and World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies scale 4 (range 1–5) on admission receiving CMD were included. We defined a major CMD event as an LPR ≥ 40 for ≥ 2 h and a minor CMD event as an LPR ≥ 30 for ≥ 2 h.

Results
We analyzed 7,223 CMD samples over a median of 6 days (5–8). Eight patients had no CMD events. In 41 patients, 113 minor events were recorded, and in 23 patients 42 major events were recorded. Our local protocols were adhered to in 40 major (95%) and 98 minor events (87%), with an active intervention in 32 (76%) and 71 (63%), respectively. Normalization of energy metabolic status (defined as four consecutive samples with LPR < 30 for minor and LPR < 40 for major events) was seen after 69% of major and 59% of minor events. The incidence of DCI-related infarcts was 10% (five patients), with only two observed in a CMD-monitored brain region.

Conclusions
Active interventions were initiated in a majority of LPR events based on CMD monitoring. A low DCI incidence was observed, which may be associated with the active interventions. The potential aid of CMD in the clinical decision-making targeting DCI needs confirmation in additional SAH studies.
Circuit-level convergence of electronics and photonics: basic concepts and recent advances
Authors: Tan Min , Wang Yuhang , Wang Ken Xingze , Yu Yuan , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntegrated photonics is widely regarded as an important post-Moore’s law research direction. However, it suffers from intrinsic limitations, such as lack of control and satisfactory photonic memory, that cannot be solved in the optical domain and must be combined with electronics for practical use. Inevitably, electronics and photonics will converge. The photonic fabrication and integration technology is gradually maturing and electronics-photonics convergence (EPC) is experiencing a transition from device integration to circuit design. We derive a conceptual framework consisting of regulator, oscillator, and memory for scalable integrated circuits based on the fundamental concepts of purposeful behavior in cybernetics, entropy in information theory, and symmetry breaking in physics. Leveraging this framework and emulating the successes experienced by electronic integrated circuits, we identify the key building blocks for the integrated circuits for EPC and review the recent advances.Graphical Abstract
The Impact of Compassion from Others and Self-compassion on Psychological Distress, Flourishing, and Meaning in Life Among University Students
Authors: Chan Kevin Ka Shing , Lee John Chi-Kin , Yu Eric Kwan Wai , Chan Arita W. Y. , Leung Angel Nga Man , Cheung Rebecca Y. M. , Li Chin Wa , Kong Raymond Ho-Man , Chen Junjun , Wan Sarah Lai Yin , Tang Christine Hau Yu , Yum Yen Na , Jiang Da , Wang Lixun , Tse Chun Yip 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Research shows that compassion from others and from the self may enable university students to face, overcome, and bounce back from adversity and generate a greater sense of thriving and meaning in life. However, the underlying processes are largely unknown. The present study aimed to examine the associations of compassion with psychological distress, flourishing, and meaning in life among university students and explore the mechanisms underlying these associations.

Methods
A total of 536 Hong Kong university students completed questionnaires measuring their experiences of compassion from others, self-compassion, resilience, psychological distress, flourishing, and meaning in life.

Results
Serial mediation analyses showed that compassion from others was associated positively with self-compassion, which was, in turn, linked to greater resilience and consequently lower levels of psychological distress and higher levels of flourishing and meaning in life.

Conclusions
Our findings reveal the associations of compassion from others and self-compassion with the well-being and life meaning of university students. The findings highlight the importance of being open and receptive to love and kindness from others. The findings also point to the importance of developing a caring attitude toward oneself.
Local grid refinement in multigrid method for point contact problems of polycrystalline anisotropic material under dry and lubricated conditions
Authors: Zhang Binbin , Vlogman Tristan G. , Andric Predrag , Bor Ton C. , Venner Cornelis H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPredicting rolling bearing fatigue life requires knowledge of the three-dimensional (3D) stress fields in the roller and raceway near the lubricated contact. Owing to the increasingly severe operating conditions, the effect of localized features such as surface roughness, subsurface inclusions, and even the crystallographic structure of the material becomes important. Achieving such detail requires (locally) extremely dense gridding in simulations, which in 3D is a major challenge. Multigrid techniques have been demonstrated to be capable of solving such problems. In this study, multigrid techniques are shown to further increase the efficiency of the solution by exploiting local grid refinement while maintaining the simplicity of a uniform discretization. This is achieved by employing increasingly finer grids only locally, where the highest resolution is required. Results are presented for dry contact and elastohydrodynamically lubricated contact cases, circular as well as elliptic, with varying crystallographic structure, and with surface roughness. The results show that the developed algorithm is very well suited for detailed analysis, with also excellent prospects for computational diagnostics involving actual material crystallographic structure from electron backscatter diffraction measurements.
Tribology of self-lubricating high performance ATSP, PI, and PEEK-based polymer composites up to 300 °C
Authors: Bashandeh Kian , Lan Pixiang , Polycarpou Andreas A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh-performance polymers (HPPs) are increasingly used in different industrial machinery components, particularly for rubbing parts that demand reliable and durable operation at extreme sliding conditions such as elevated temperature environments, where the use of conventional lubricants is not feasible. The current study investigates the role of environmental temperature on the tribological properties of three advanced HPPs, namely aromatic thermosetting copolyester (ATSP), polyimide (PI), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) based polymer composites. Tribological experiments were carried out at different environmental temperatures from room temperature up to 300 °C, and under dry sliding conditions. Specific attention was given to the role of temperature on the development of transfer films and its subsequent effect on the tribological performance. The ATSP composite was recommended as the best performing material, based on the overall tribological performance at all examined operating temperatures.
Riemann–Liouville Fractional Integral Inequalities for Generalized Harmonically Convex Fuzzy-Interval-Valued Functions
Authors: Khan Muhammad Bilal , Zaini Hatim Ghazi , Santos-García Gustavo , Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman , Soliman Mohamed S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe framework of fuzzy-interval-valued functions (FIVFs) is a generalization of interval-valued functions (IVF) and single-valued functions. To discuss convexity with these kinds of functions, in this article, we introduce and investigate the harmonically$$\mathsf{h}$$h-convexity for FIVFs through fuzzy-order relation (FOR). Using this class of harmonically$$\mathsf{h}$$h-convex FIVFs ($$\mathcal{H}-\mathsf{h}$$H-h-convex FIVFs), we prove some Hermite–Hadamard (H⋅H) and Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér (H⋅HFejér) type inequalities via fuzzy interval Riemann–Liouville fractional integral (FI Riemann–Liouville fractional integral). The concepts and techniques of this paper are refinements and generalizations of many results which are proved in the literature.
Who Were Hospitalized Deceased Patients from COVID-19 During the First Year of Pandemic? Retrospective Analysis of 1104 Deceased Patients in South of France
Authors: Arlotto Sylvie , Legueult Kevin , Blin Alice , Cortaredona Sebastien , Giraud-Gatineau Audrey , Bailly Laurent , Jimeno Marie-Thérèse , Delorme Léa , Brouqui Philippe , Lagier Jean-Christophe , Million Matthieu , Dellamonica Jean , Colson Philippe , Carles Michel , Raoult Didier , Pradier Christian , Gentile Stéphanie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Following the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, a complete analysis of the characteristics of the deceased hospitalized patients was performed, to identify factors related to premature mortality and to compare patient profiles according to the epidemic periods.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of 1104 deceased patients in two University Hospitals in South-eastern France, between March 1, 2020 and March 12, 2021 from Hospital’s electronic medical records was performed.

Results
Mean age was 80 years (± 11.1) and 10% of the deceased were younger than 65 years with specific comorbidities, e.g., genetic conditions, metastatic cancer, or massive obesity. Among the three clusters identified, two clusters (75% of deceased patients) include very elderly patients with numerous comorbidities, and differ by their proportion of dependent institutionalized patients. The third cluster is made up of younger patients with fewer but severe comorbidities. Deceased patients’ profiles varied according to the epidemic periods: during the first period (March–June 2020), more patients were institutionalized. The second period (September–December2020) coincided with a higher mortality rate.

Conclusions
This study confirmed that most patients hospitalized and dying from COVID-19 were frail, i.e., elderly and/or highly comorbid and that the small proportion of young patients had severe comorbidities.
Usage of Genetic Panels in an Adult Epilepsy Clinic
Authors: Li Jimmy , Toffa Dènahin Hinnoutondji , Lefèbvre Maude , Tétreault Martine , Cossette Patrick , Samarut Éric , Nguyen Dang Khoa 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT:Background:There is limited data on the utility, yield, and cost efficiency of genetic testing in adults with epilepsy. We aimed to describe the yield and utility of genetic panels in our adult epilepsy clinic.Methods:We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study of all patients followed by an epileptologist at a Canadian tertiary care centre’s epilepsy clinic between January 2016 and August 2021 for whom a genetic panel was ordered. A panel was generally ordered when the etiology was unknown or in the presence of a malformation of cortical development. We determined the yield of panel positivity and of confirmed genetic diagnoses. We also estimated the proportion of these diagnoses that were clinically actionable.Results:In total, 164 panels were ordered in 164 patients. Most had refractory epilepsy (80%), and few had comorbid intellectual disability (10%) or a positive family history of epilepsy (11%). The yield of panel positivity was 11%. Panel results were uncertain 49% of the time and negative 40% of the time. Genetic diagnoses were confirmed in 7 (4.3%) patients. These genetic conditions involved the following genes: SCARB2, DEPDC5, PCDH19, LGI1, SCN1A, MT-TL1, and CHRNA7. Of the seven genetic diagnoses, 5 (71%) were evaluated to be clinically actionable.Conclusion:We report a lower diagnostic yield for genetic panels in adults with epilepsy than what has so far been reported. Although the field of the genetics of epilepsy is a fast-moving one and more data is required, our findings suggest that guidelines for genetic testing in adults are warranted.
Representations of facial expressions since Darwin
Authors: Perrett David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Darwin's book on expressions of emotion was one of the first publications to include photographs (Darwin, The expression of the emotions in Man and animals, 1872). The inclusion of expression photographs meant that readers could form their own opinions and could, like Darwin, survey others for their interpretations. As such, the images provided an evidence base and an ‘open source’. Since Darwin, increases in the representativeness and realism of emotional expressions have come from the use of composite images, colour, multiple views and dynamic displays. Research on understanding emotional expressions has been aided by the use of computer graphics to interpolate parametrically between different expressions and to extrapolate exaggerations. This review tracks the developments in how emotions are illustrated and studied and considers where to go next.
“The Intellectual Emancipation of the Negro”: Madeline Morgan and the Mandatory Black History Curriculum in Chicago during World War II
Authors: Dennis Ashley D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the first mandatory Black history curriculum in a US public school system, implemented in Chicago Public Schools between 1942 and 1945. Researched and designed by Madeline Morgan, the curriculum supplemented existing social studies lesson plans with Black people's contributions to US society. How did she win approval for the curriculum in this highly segregated and inequitable city? The commitment of Morgan and her network of Black women educators to “intellectual emancipation” during the 1940s aligned with white schoolteachers and administrators’ interest in promoting interracial tolerance in the US during World War II.
Association between follow-up blood cultures for gram-negative bacilli bacteremia and length of hospital stay and duration of antibiotic treatment: A propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Mitaka Hayato , Fujitani Shigeki , Kuno Toshiki , Perlman David C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:It remains unclear whether a follow-up blood culture (FUBC) for gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bacteremia should be routinely or selectively performed. To evaluate the value of the practice, we analyzed the association between current FUBC practices and length of stay, antibiotic treatment duration, and in-hospital mortality.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:The study was conducted in 4 acute-care hospitals in New York City.Patients:The study included hospitalized adults with GNB bacteremia between 2017 and 2018.Methods:An FUBC was defined as a blood culture performed between 24 hours and 7 days after an initial blood culture positive for GNB. Using propensity scores for FUBCs performed, patients were matched 1:1 for outcome comparison.Results:In total, 376 hospitalized adults with GNB bacteremia met eligibility criteria. Among them, FUBCs were performed in 271 patients (72%). After propensity score matching, we analyzed 87 pairs of patients with and without an FUBC to compare outcomes. The median length of stay was longer among patients with FUBCs than patients without FUBCs (9 days vs 7 days; P = .017). The median duration of antibiotic treatment was also longer among patients with FUBCs than patients without FUBCs (8 vs 6 days; P = .007). No statistically significant difference was observed in in-hospital mortality between patients with and without an FUBC (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.08–1.36).Conclusions:Current FUBC practices for GNB bacteremia were associated with prolonged length of stay and duration of antibiotic treatment. Further data to better inform selectivity criteria for FUBCs in GNB bacteremia are needed.