bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathophysiology of periodontal disease
Authors: Jiang Ming , Li Zhuoneng , Zhu Guangxun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a principal organelle for folding, post‐translational modifications and transport of secretory, luminal, and membrane proteins. ER stress is a condition induced by the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins owing to a variety of physiological and pathological phenomena. To overcome the deleterious effects of ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) is initiated to translocate and remove the misfolded and accumulated proteins. Plenty of evidence shows the correlation between ER stress/UPR and the pathology of inflammatory disease. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the irreversible destruction of periodontal tissues, which associates with the onset and progress of several systemic diseases. Periodontopathic bacterium and pro‐inflammatory mediators play a pivotal role in the progress of periodontal disease. Besides, cigarette smoke has long been associated with periodontal disease. As an inflammatory disorder of the periodontium, periodontal disease is highly related to ER stress. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathophysiological effect of ER stress on periodontal disease through five aspects as follow: ER stress and periodontal tissue remodeling, including both soft tissue and hard tissue; ER stress and the inflammation; ER stress and systematic effect during the periodontal disease; last but not least, ER stress and the autophagic apoptosis in cells.
Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention of childhood obesity: A systematic review of quality and content
Authors: Gooey Michelle , Skouteris Helen , Betts Juliana , Hatzikiriakidis Kostas , Sturgiss Elizabeth , Bergmeier Heidi , Bragge Peter 
Published: July 2022

SummaryObesity in childhood is a significant global issue, and prevention is key to reducing prevalence. Healthcare providers can play an important role in the prevention of obesity. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for preventing childhood obesity with a focus on the role of medical doctors. Peer‐reviewed literature and gray literature sources were searched for CPGs published from 2010 to 2021. Eleven CPGs were identified. Quality was evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Collaboration (AGREE II) instrument; seven CPGs were higher quality and four lower quality. Recommendations within the CPGs covered three main areas: growth monitoring, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing overweight. The importance of involving the whole family and healthy lifestyle behaviors was emphasized. The majority of the CPGs rated poorly in guideline applicability highlighting the need for practical implementation tools. Although our review identified a number of CPGs relevant to the prevention of obesity for doctors working with children and their families, more research is needed to produce high‐quality meaningful and applicable CPGs to maximize uptake, implementation, and ultimately, benefit to children and their families.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma in children and young adults: A clinicopathological study of 12 cases
Authors: Xia Rong‐Hui , Zhang Chun‐Ye , Wang Li‐Zhen , Hu Yu‐Hua , Sun Jing‐Jing , Tian Zhen , Li Jiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, immunoprofile, and molecular alterations of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in children and young adults.Materials and methodsTwelve cases of ACC were included. MYB, MYBL1, Ki‐67, type IV Collagen, Laminin, and LAMB1 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry. MYB and MYBL1 rearrangements were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization.ResultsAmong 12 patients, four were female and eight were male. Seven cases (58.3%) located in major salivary glands and eight cases (66.7%) were classified as Grade I. Ten tumors (83.3%) had collagenous and hyalinized stroma. MYB was positive in 83.3% cases, and the average Ki‐67 labeling index (LI) was 8.3%. LAMB1, type IV Collagen, and Laminin were positive in 91.7%, 66.7%, and 58.3% cases, respectively. Besides, three out of eight tumors had MYB rearrangement. Cases without MYB rearrangement were negative for MYBL1 expression and MYBL1 rearrangement. The average follow‐up time was 91.8 months. Four patients had recurrent diseases.ConclusionsACC in children and young adults was seen more frequently in males and major salivary glands. Most cases had ECM and hyaline stroma. Grade III tumors, higher Ki‐67 LI, negative expression of type IV Collagen, and Laminin showed a tendency of higher recurrence rate.
A Method to Visualize and Quantify the Intraosseous Arteries of the Femoral Head by Vascular Corrosion Casting
Authors: Zhang XiangNan , Deng Wei , Ju JiHui , Zhang Songqiang , Wang HongYu , Geng KaiLong , Wang DingSong , Zhang GuangLiang , Le YingYing , Hou RuiXing 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo describe a method to display the three‐dimensional distribution of intraosseous arteries in the femoral head by vascular corrosion casting.MethodsAn experimental study was done to expose the intraosseous arteries of the femoral head by a microperfusion corrosion method between January 2021 and May 2021. Specimens were 23 swine femoral heads (12 female specimens and 11 male specimens, where age of swine ranged from 8 to 12 months, and the weight was approximately 150 kg). The femoral heads were microperfused with the vascular casting resin through retinacular arteries, and the bone of the femoral head was dissolved with 50% sodium hydroxide and 10% hydrochloric acid and rinsed under the microscope until the vessel casts were completely exposed. The distribution and anastomosis of the arteries in the femoral head were observed under direct vision and microscopy. The diameter of the artery in the femoral head was measured at 0.5 cm after its entry into the bone of the femoral head with a microscale under the microscope. The number of internal arteries with diameter ≥0.05 mm was counted. The number and diameter of the main trunk of the epiphyseal arteries in the femoral head between male and female swine were compared.ResultsThe vascular casting specimen of the swine femoral head was successfully produced by using epoxy resin as a casting agent, and the three‐dimensional intraosseous vascular structures were clearly visible. The number of epiphyseal arteries in male and female swine was 8.55 ± 2.15 and 8.83 ± 2.15 (t = −0.31, p = 0.38), respectively. The diameters of the superior epiphyseal arteries in male and female swine were 0.35 ± 0.09 and 0.31 ± 0.08 mm (t = 1.03, p = 0.16), the diameters of the inferior epiphyseal arteries were 0.47 ± 0.05 and 0.49 ± 0.09 mm (t = −0.57, p = 0.29), and the diameters of the anterior epiphyseal arteries were 0.34 ± 0.08 and 0.33 ± 0.13 mm (t = 0.32, p = 0.37). There was no significant difference in the number and diameter of the main trunk of intraosseous arteries between male and female swine (p > 0.05). The main trunk of intraosseous arteries formed an anastomosis in the center of the femoral head. Among 23 swine femoral head samples, three types of intraosseous anastomosis were observed, including 13 (57%) posterior superior‐posterior inferior, seven (30%) posterior inferior‐anterior, and three (13%) uniform intraosseous anastomosis.ConclusionThe microperfusion corrosion method can produce the vascular casting specimen of swine femoral head revealing the three‐dimensional structure of the intraosseous artery, which clearly shows the origin, course and branches, and diameter, as well as the anastomosis, of nutrient arteries in the femoral head. This method provides a simple and rapid technique for quantifying and visualizing intraosseous arteries.
Multi‐center Retrospective Study of Factors Affecting Perioperative Transfusion of Packed Red Blood Cells for Pelvic Fracture Patients
Authors: Xie Xiuqiao , Huang Yuanshuai , Huang Xueyuan , Gui Rong 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo analyze the use of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) for patients with pelvic fracture and evaluate factors associated with PRBC transfusion for patients with pelvic fracture.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study collected 551 patients with pelvic fractures from six hospitals between September 1, 2012, and June 31, 2019. The age span of patients varied from 10 to 95 years old, and they were classified into two groups based on high‐energy pelvic fractures (HE‐PFs) or low‐energy pelvic fractures (LE‐PFs). The study's outcome was the use of PRBCs, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and albumin. Demographic data, characteristics, laboratory tests, clinical treatment details, and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Factors that were statistically associated with perioperative PRBCs in univariate analyses were included to conduct an optimal scale regression to determine the independent factors for perioperative PRBCs.ResultsA total of 551 patients were screened from six hospitals, and after inclusion and exclusion, 319 were finally included and finished the follow‐up from admission to discharge, while four patients died during hospitalization. Three hundred and nineteen patients were classified into two groups by their injury mechanisms. A total of 230/319 (72.1%) patients were classified into the HE‐PF group, and 89/319 (27.8%) patients were classified into the LE‐PF group. Patients in the HE‐PF group were transfused with 4.5 (3–8) units of PRBCs, 300 (0–600) ml of FFP, and 0 (0–30) g of albumin, while patients in the LE‐PF group were transfused with 3.5 (2–4.5) units of PRBCs, 0 (0–295) ml of FFP, and 0 (0–0) g of albumin (all P < 0.001). There were higher proportions of male patients and patients under 65 in the HE‐PF group (all P < 0.001). HE‐PF group patients were more severely injured and likely to take external fixation. The optimal scale regression revealed four significant factors associated with perioperative transfused PRBCs, which were patients on admission with hemorrhagic shock (importance = 0.283, P = 0.004), followed by fracture types identified by Tile classification (importance = 0.156, P < 0.001), hemoglobin levels below 70 g/L on admission (importance = 0.283, P = 0.004), followed by fracture types identified by Tile classification (importance = 0.156, P < 0.001), hemoglobin levels below 70 g/L on admission (importance = 0.148, P = 0.039), and methods of pelvic fixation (importance = 0.008, P = 0.026), ranked by the importance.ConclusionPatients with HE‐PFs had increased transfusions of PRBCs, FFP, and albumin, and hemorrhagic shock on admission, Tile classification, Hb levels, and stabilization methods were found to be associated with perioperative PRBCs.
Conceptions and the experience of friendship in underrepresented groups
Authors: Fehr Beverley , Harasymchuk Cheryl 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe authors reviewed the literature on the meaning and experience of friendship for members of underrepresented groups (sexual orientation and gender diversity, race and ethnicity). It is argued that many of the variables that contribute to friendship formation among mainstream groups (found in past research) also apply to underrepresented groups (e.g., environments that bring people into contact with one another, homophily). There also are commonalities in the friendship maintenance processes of mainstream and underrepresented groups (e.g., self‐disclosure, provision of support). However, the authors' main point is that there are additional challenges and barriers that are encountered by members of sexual and gender diverse groups and racial and ethnic minorities, and the intersections of those identities, particularly when forming and maintaining friendships with people of majority status. The authors elucidate these challenges and discuss interventions for increasing the diversity of friends in people's networks. In addition, the authors identify significant gaps in the literature on the friendship worlds of diverse groups and offer directions for future research.
Research progress of PD‐L1 non‐glycosylation in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Cao Pu , Yang Xiaoyan , Liu Daquan , Ye Simin , Yang Wei , Xie Zhizhong , Lei Xiaoyong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCancer is the second leading cause of death among human diseases. Immunotherapy has opened a new chapter in cancer treatment. However, the emergence of immune escape mechanisms severely limited its application. The high expression of PD‐L1 on tumour cells is an important means for cancer cells to achieve immune escape via binding to PD‐1 on immune cells. Recent studies have shown that PD‐L1 expression in most cancer cells is over‐glycosylated. Glycosylation is a fundamental and extensive post‐translational modification of eukaryotic membrane‐binding proteins, which affects a variety of biological activities, including protein folding, solubility, stability and ligand‐receptor interactions. PD‐L1 glycosylation initiates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and completes in the Golgi apparatus, which has a complex relationship with cancer development. Importantly, non‐glycosylated PD‐L1 attenuates protein stability and PD‐1 interactions. These processes are essential regulatory mechanisms that modulate immunosuppression and immune surveillance in cancer patients. Therefore, non‐glycosylated PD‐L1 may be a potentially promising strategy to improve the efficacy of checkpoint blockade therapy for cancer. In this review, we have described the PD‐L1 glycosylation processes and provided evidence for the role of non‐glycosylated PD‐L1 in anti‐tumour‐related signalling pathways. Furthermore, strategies for non‐glycosylation of PD‐L1 using small molecule inhibitors, gene therapy and various enzymes in the synthetic glycosylation pathway are discussed. Finally, the detection of PD‐L1 expression is enhanced by its deglycosylation, and we have summarized the development, application and clinical application potential of antibody therapies targeting PD‐1/PD‐L1 glycosylation.
Association between university students’ two-staged health screening and student health care utilisation: register based observational study
Authors: Seilo Noora , Paldanius Susanna , Autio Reija , Koskela Tuomas , Kunttu Kristina , Kaila Minna 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore how university students’ participation in a two-staged health screening at the beginning of university studies associates with student health care utilisation in a 6-year follow-up.DesignNationwide, observational, register-based cohort study with a 6-year follow-up.SettingStudent health care in Finland. Finnish Student Health Service (FSHS) provides statutory student health services to university students in Finland. The two-staged health screening of FSHS includes the electronic health questionnaire (eHQ) provided annually to university entrants and a subsequent health check, when necessary, based on students eHQ response.ParticipantsA national cohort of university entrants from the 2011–2012 academic year (N=15 723) was assessed. After exclusions the study population consisted of 12 972 students, n (female)=7368, n (male)=5604.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were students’ health service utilisation pattern obtained by clustering analyses method and the students’ participation in different stages of the health examination process.ResultsFour distinguishable health care utilisation patterns were identified: (1) constant low use, (2) constant high use, (3) increasing use and (4) decreasing use. The students’ OR for belonging to the constant high use group was significantly higher among females (OR 4.0, 95% CI 3.5 to 4.6) and students who attended the health check (OR 4.7, 95% CI 3.9 to 5.6).ConclusionsParticipating in the two-staged health screening was associated with increase in health care utilisation. The process detects students with health problems.
Association between terminal pleural elastance and radiographic lung re-expansion after therapeutic thoracentesis in patients with symptomatic pleural effusion: a post-hoc analysis of a randomised trial
Authors: Lester Michael , Maldonado Fabien , Rickman Otis B , Roller Lance J , Avasarala Sameer K , Katsis James M , Lentz Robert J 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesRecurrent symptomatic effusions can be durably managed with pleurodesis or placement of indwelling pleural catheters. Recent pleurodesis trials have largely relied on lung re-expansion on post-thoracentesis radiograph as an inclusion criterion rather than pleural elastance as determined by manometry, which is an important predictor of successful pleurodesis. We investigated the association between lung re-expansion on post-pleural drainage chest imaging and pleural physiology, with particular attention to pleural elastance over the final 200 mL aspirated.DesignPost-hoc analysis of a recent randomised trial.Setting and participantsPost-results analysis of 61 subjects at least 18 years old with symptomatic pleural effusions estimated to be at least of 0.5 L in volume allocated to manometry-guided therapeutic thoracentesis in a recent randomised trial conducted at two major university hospitals in the USA.Primary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was concordance of radiographic with normal terminal pleural elastance over the final 200 mL aspirated. We label this terminal elastance ‘visceral pleural recoil’, or the tendency of the maximally expanded lung to withdraw from the chest wall.ResultsPost-thoracentesis chest radiograph and thoracic ultrasound indicated successful lung re-expansion in 69% and 56% of cases, respectively. Despite successful radiographic lung re-expansion, visceral pleural recoil was abnormal in 71% of subjects expandable by radiograph and 77% expandable by ultrasound. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of radiographic lung re-expansion for normal visceral pleural recoil were 44% and 24%, respectively.ConclusionRadiographic lung re-expansion by post-thoracentesis chest radiograph or thoracic ultrasound is a poor surrogate for normal terminal pleural elastance. Clinical management of patients with recurrent symptomatic pleural effusions guided by manometry rather than post-thoracentesis imaging might produce better outcomes, which should be investigated by future clinical trials.Trial registration numberNCT02677883; Post-results.
Identifying non-communicable disease multimorbidity patterns and associated factors: a latent class analysis approach
Authors: Puri Parul , Singh Shri Kant , Pati Sanghamitra 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveIn the absence of adequate nationally-representative empirical evidence on multimorbidity, the existing healthcare delivery system is not adequately oriented to cater to the growing needs of the older adult population. Therefore, the present study identifies frequently occurring multimorbidity patterns among older adults in India. Further, the study examines the linkages between the identified patterns and socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric correlates.DesignThe present findings rest on a large nationally-representative sample from a cross-sectional study.Setting and participantsThe study used data on 58 975 older adults (45 years and older) from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017–2018.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe study incorporated a list of 16 non-communicable diseases to identify commonly occurring patterns using latent class analysis. The study employed multinomial logistic regression models to assess the association between identified disease patterns with unit-level socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric characteristics.ResultsThe present study demonstrates that older adults in the country can be segmented into six patterns: ‘relatively healthy’, ‘hypertension’, ‘gastrointestinal disorders–hypertension–musculoskeletal disorders’, ‘musculoskeletal disorders–hypertension–asthma’, ‘metabolic disorders’ and ‘complex cardiometabolic disorders’. Additionally, socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle and anthropometric factors are significantly associated with one or more identified disease patterns.ConclusionsThe identified classes ‘hypertension’, ‘metabolic disorders’ and ‘complex cardiometabolic disorders’ reflect three stages of cardiometabolic morbidity with hypertension as the first and ‘complex cardiometabolic disorders’ as the last stage of disease progression. This underscores the need for effective prevention strategies for high-risk hypertension group. Also, targeted interventions are essential to reduce the burden on the high-risk population and provide equitable health services at the community level.
Modular-based psychotherapy (MoBa) versus cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for patients with depression, comorbidities and a history of childhood maltreatment: study protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Elsaesser Moritz , Herpertz Sabine , Piosczyk Hannah , Jenkner Carolin , Hautzinger Martin , Schramm Elisabeth 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionIn depression treatment, most patients do not reach response or remission with current psychotherapeutic approaches. Major reasons for individual non-response are interindividual heterogeneity of etiological mechanisms and pathological forms, and a high rate of comorbid disorders. Personalised treatments targeting comorbidities as well as underlying transdiagnostic mechanisms and factors like early childhood maltreatment may lead to better outcomes. A modular-based psychotherapy (MoBa) approach provides a treatment model of independent and flexible therapy elements within a systematic treatment algorithm to combine and integrate existing evidence-based approaches. By optimally tailoring module selection and application to the specific needs of each patient, MoBa has great potential to improve the currently unsatisfying results of psychotherapy as a bridge between disorder-specific and personalised approaches.Methods and analysisIn a randomised controlled feasibility trial, N=70 outpatients with episodic or persistent major depression, comorbidity and childhood maltreatment are treated in 20 individual sessions with MoBa or standard cognitive–behavioural therapy for depression. The three modules of MoBa focus on deficits associated with early childhood maltreatment: the systems of negative valence, social processes and arousal. According to a specific questionnaire-based treatment algorithm, elements from cognitive behavioural analysis system of psychotherapy, mentalisation-based psychotherapy and/or mindfulness-based cognitive therapy are integrated for a personalised modular procedure.As a proof of concept, this trial will provide evidence for the feasibility and efficacy (post-treatment and 6-month follow-up) of a modular add-on approach for patients with depression, comorbidities and a history of childhood maltreatment. Crucial feasibility aspects include targeted psychopathological mechanisms, selection (treatment algorithm), sequence and application of modules, as well as training and supervision of the study therapists.Ethics and disseminationThis study obtained approval from the independent Ethics Committees of the University of Freiburg and the University of Heidelberg. All findings will be disseminated broadly via peer-reviewed articles in scientific journals and contributions to national and international conferences.Trial registration numberDRKS00022093.