bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do REDD+ projects contribute to the goals of the Paris Agreement?
Authors: Atmadja Stibniati S , Duchelle Amy E , De Sy Veronique , Selviana Vivi , Komalasari Mella , Sills Erin O , Angelsen Arild 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hundreds of projects to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and enhance carbon stocks (REDD+) are implemented globally, many by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or for-profit companies. Yet, at the global level, the Paris Agreement focuses on jurisdictional (national and subnational) REDD+. We ask: (1) How much can REDD+ projects contribute to achieving national and international climate objectives? (2) What are the issues in integrating REDD+ projects into national carbon accounting? Our snapshot of 377 REDD+ projects covering 53 million ha in 56 countries is based on data from the International Database on REDD+ Projects (ID-RECCO) supplemented with new data on projects’ accounting methods. The number of new REDD+ projects declined steadily from 45 new projects in 2011 to five in 2019. We examined 161 certified projects that started between 2007 and 2017; 96 of these could sell carbon credits in voluntary carbon markets by 2020 and spent on average 4.7 (± 2.4) years between project start and sales in voluntary carbon markets. Globally, REDD+ projects claim to reduce an average of 3.67 tCO2e/ha annually. This figure - combined with projects limited coverage - implies that projects need to be upscaled more than 40x to fulfil the potential contribution of tropical and subtropical forests towards limiting global warming to well below 2oC. Compared to the national carbon accounting methods, most projects in Colombia, Indonesia and Peru (63 of 86) use at least one different carbon accounting parameter. Carbon accounting inconsistencies across levels need to be addressed. Overall, the argument for REDD+ projects lies in the emissions reductions they can achieve, diversifying participation in REDD+ and providing non-carbon benefits to local communities, potentially leading to broader support for climate action.
Imprint of intrinsic ocean variability on decadal trends of regional sea level and ocean heat content using synthetic profiles
Authors: Llovel William , Kolodziejczyk Nicolas , Close Sally , Penduff Thierry , Molines Jean-Marc , Terray Laurent 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The global ocean is warming and has absorbed 90% of the Earth Energy Imbalance over 2010–2018 leading to global mean sea level rise. Both ocean heat content (OHC) and sea level trends show large regional deviations from their global means. Both quantities have been estimated from in-situ observations for years. However, in-situ profile coverage is spatially uneven, leading to uncertainties when assessing both OHC and sea level trends, especially at regional scale. Recently, a new possible driver of regional sea level and OHC trends has been highlighted using eddy-permitting ensemble ocean simulations over multiple decades: non-linear ocean processes produce chaotic fluctuations, which yield random contributions to regional decadal OHC and sea level trends. In-situ measurements capture a combination of the atmospherically-forced response and this intrinsic ocean variability. It is therefore important to understand the imprint of the chaotic ocean variability recorded by the in-situ measurement sampling in order to assess its impact and associated uncertainty on regional budgets. A possible approach to investigate this problem is to use a set of synthetic in-situ-like profiles extracted from an ensemble of forced ocean simulations started from different states and integrated with the same atmospheric forcing. Comparisons between the original ensemble outputs and the remapped, subsampled, in-situ-like profiles elucidate the contribution of chaotic ocean variability to OHC and regional sea level trends. Our results show that intrinsic variability may be large in eddy-active regions in the gridded model outputs, and remains substantial when using the in-situ sampling-based estimates. Using the latter, the same result is also found on large scales, for which atmospheric forcing has been identified as the main driver. Our results suggest accounting for this intrinsic ocean variability when assessing regional OHC and sea level trend budgets on decadal time scales.
Future climate change impact on wildfire danger over the Mediterranean: the case of Greece
Authors: Rovithakis Anastasios , Grillakis Manolis G , Seiradakis Konstantinos D , Giannakopoulos Christos , Karali Anna , Field Robert , Lazaridis Mihalis , Voulgarakis Apostolos 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that temperature and precipitation in the Mediterranean are expected to change, contributing to longer and more intense summer droughts that even extend out of season. In connection to this, the frequency of forest fire occurrence and intensity will likely increase. In the present study, the changes in future fire danger conditions are assessed for the different regions of Greece using the Canadian fire weather index (FWI). Gridded future climate output as estimated from three regional climate models from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment are utilized. We use three representative concentration pathways (RCPs) consisting of an optimistic emissions scenario where emissions peak and decline beyond 2020 (RCP2.6), a middle-of-the-road scenario (RCP4.5) and a pessimistic scenario, in terms of mitigation where emissions continue to rise throughout the century (RCP8.5). Based on established critical fire FWI threshold values for Greece, the future change in days with critical fire danger were calculated for different areas of Greece domains. The results show that fire danger is expected to progressively increase in the future especially in the high-end climate change scenario with southern and eastern regions of Greece expected to have up to 40 additional days of high fire danger relative to the late 20th century, on average. Crete, the Aegean Islands, the Attica region, as well as parts of Peloponnese are predicted to experience a stronger increase in fire danger.
Ecological unequal exchange: quantifying emissions of toxic chemicals embodied in the global trade of chemicals, products, and waste
Authors: Tong Kate , Li Li , Breivik Knut , Wania Frank 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ecologically unequal exchange arises if more developed economies (‘core’) shift the environmental burden of their consumption and capital accumulation to less developed economies (‘periphery’/‘semi-core’). Here we demonstrate that human populations in core regions can benefit from the use of products containing toxic chemicals while transferring to the periphery the risk of human and ecological exposure to emissions associated with manufacturing and waste disposal. We use a global scale substance flow analysis approach to quantify the emissions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a group of flame retardants added to consumer products, that are embodied in the trade of chemicals, products and wastes between seven world regions over the 2000–2020 time period. We find that core regions have off-loaded PBDE emissions, mostly associated with the disposal of electrical and electronic waste (e-waste), to semi-core and peripheral regions in mainland China and the Global South. In core regions this results in small emissions that mostly occur during the product use phase, whereas in peripheral regions emissions are much higher and dominated by end of life disposal. The transfer of toxic chemical emissions between core and periphery can be quantified and should be accounted for when appraising the costs and benefits of global trade relationships.
A study of agricultural waste potential to support the expansion of cattle and buffalo populations in Aceh Barat District
Authors: Yusriani Y , Hayanti S Y , Saputra H , Qomariyah N , Fitriawaty F , Costa M A Da , Surya S , Asmaireicen S 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA constant supply of feed is critical for the sustainability of cattle and buffalo ranching. Therefore, this study aims to collect data on the availability of feed made from agricultural waste to aid in the expansion of cattle and buffalo populations in the West Aceh District. It was conducted in September and October 2021 at Aceh Barat District. The secondary data were collected through the website of the Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia and West Aceh. Furthermore, feed potential data from agricultural waste were collected from West Aceh District, cattle, and buffalo population data from the 2011 collection for buffalos, beef, and dairy cattle (PSPK). Also, cattle and buffalo population data were collected from the 2016 Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The data collected were then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the West Aceh District provides only digested dry weight (BKC) from agricultural waste to meet 74.27% of the livestock population’s total BKC requirements. Additionally, only Woyla and West Woyla Sub-districts meet feed needs from agricultural waste, with 135.12% and 266.42%, respectively, based on livestock populations. Conclusively, the growth of the livestock population will result in a decrease in agricultural waste’s carrying capacity as animal feed.
Impact of ammoniation rice straw treatment with direct-fed microbials and Hibiscus tiliaceus leaf meal supplemented in concentrate on local sheep performances
Authors: Bata M , Rahayu S , Rimbawanto E A , Fita M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the interaction between ammoniation rice straw treatment using direct-fed microbial (DFM) and Hibiscus tiliaceus leaf meal (HTLM) supplementation on local sheep performance. Thirty-six local male sheep aged 2 years (28.01 ± 2.61 kg) fed with ammoniated rice-straw (ARS) treated with DFM and concentrate supplemented with HTLM were assigned randomly to receive nine treatments in an experiment of 3 x 3 factorial design. The first factor was the use of DFM with P0 = control, P1 = DFMAMS, and P2 = DFMRK, while the second was level of HTLM with W0 = 0%, W1 = 0.24% and W2 = 0.48% DM concentrate. Concentrates were fed 3% of sheep body weight, and ARS was prepared ad-libitum. The variables measured were final weight (FW), average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude fiber digestibility (CFD), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and consumption rate (CR). There was significant interaction (P<0.05) between DFM and HTLM supplementation on the final FW, DMI, and CR (P<0.01), while ADG and FCR were not significant. Furthermore, DFM supplementation (P<0.05) on FCR, DMD, and CFD but not ADG. The lowest FCR was achieved in a combination of W2 and DFMRK, and ADG increased with the dose of HTLM. The highest ADG achieved was in the combination of DFMRK and W2. For DFM and HTLM, 0.48% of DFMRK and the level of HTLM improved local sheep performance and feed efficiency. It had a positive impact on the environment by minimizing methane production.
The effect of explants and light conditions on callus induction of srikandi putih maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Suhartanto B , Astutik M , Umami N , Suseno N , Haq M S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Climate changes due to global warming affect the productivity of forage crops such as maize. However, the productivity of maize could be maximized by improving the plant’s adaptation and tolerance through breeding, using tissue culture. This study aims to determine the effect of explant types and light conditions on callus induction of srikandi putih maize. It was conducted at the Laboratory of Forage and Pasture Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Furthermore, it was carried out using a completely randomized design in a factorial pattern. There were two treatment factors namely explant types, which consisted of roots, stems, and leaves, and light conditions consisting of darkness and light. The results showed that callus induction occurred in the stem and root of explants at 60%, but not in the leaves. It also showed that the stem explants produced a higher fresh weight of callus at 239.6 mg compared to the roots which produced 77.6 mg. The dark condition also produced a 49.3% higher amount of callus with fresh weight of 115.1 mg. Meanwhile, the light condition produced 30.7% higher amounts of callus with fresh weight of 96.3 mg. It was concluded that all treatments showed a compact texture of callus, but the use of stem explants in dark conditions was the best treatment.
Enhancement of the liver status of Sentul chickens from the starter phase induced by irradiated chitosan
Authors: Rahmania H , Permana R , Latipudin D , Suwarno N , Puspitasari T , Nuryanthi N , Mushawwir A 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe research aims to examine the effect of irradiated chitosan (ICh) on enzyme levels (SGPT, SGOT, and Gamma Transpeptidase) in the starter phase of Sentul chickens and its physiological conditions, as a result of fungal contamination from the environment (specifically from feed ingredients). This was conducted in the Poultry Production Laboratory, and the sample analysis was performed at the Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Padjadjaran University. The samples consisted of 100 Sentul chickens reared from 0-8 weeks, and the method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were K0 = basal diet (BD) without ICh, K1 = BD + 300 ppm ICh, K2 = BD + 350 ppm ICh, K3 = BD + 400 ppm ICh. The results showed that ICh was significantly different (P < 0.05) on SGPT, SGOT, and Gamma Transpeptidase levels. Therefore, it was concluded that the administration of 400 ppm ICh in the feed effectively enhanced the liver status of Sentul chickens in the starter phase.
Blood fat profile of laying hens consuming rations fortified with citric acid and beta-carotene
Authors: Palupi R , Verawaty M , Lidiasari E , Lubis F N L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Extreme climate change greatly affects the metabolism of laying hens due to their intolerance to high environmental temperatures. Hence, to improve the metabolism, the feed quality also needs to be improved. This study aims to determine the blood lipid profile of laying hens consuming a diet rich in citric acid and beta-carotene (β-carotene). During the study, 200 laying hens of the Lohmann strain aged 35 weeks and a ration with a crude protein content of 18.39% and metabolic energy of 2960 Kcal/kg were used. The treatment was fortification with various levels of β-carotene sources in the diet and 0.2% citric acid, namely T0 (without fortification of β-carotene sources and citric acid), T1 (0.1% fortification of β-carotene sources + 0.2% citric acid), T2 ( 0.15% fortification of β-carotene + 0.2% of citric acid), and T3 (0.2% fortification of β-carotene + 0.2% of citric acid). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and further testing by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Furthermore, the observed variables were blood cholesterol content and HDL, as well as triglycerides. The results showed that the fortification of citric acid and β-carotene significantly affected blood cholesterol levels but had no significant effect on the concentration of HDL and triglycerides. Considering these results, it was concluded that fortification of citric acid and β-carotene sources in the ratio of laying hens decreased the amount of fat in the blood.
The effect of vitamin e antioxidant addition in goat milk diluent on the quality of thin-tailed sheep semen
Authors: Bintara S , Ismaya I , Widayati D T , Aji R N , Asmarawati W 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArtificial insemination supports the prevention of infectious dispersion in organisms which share the same environment. Meanwhile, spermatozoa usually experience a decrease in quality during processing due to the peroxidation process. This study aims to identify the effect of vitamin E antioxidant addition in goat milk diluent on the quality of thin-tailed sheep semen after storing at 5°C for five days. A total of 4 male thin-tailed sheep were used and the treatments consisted of controls, namely goat milk sperm diluent without vitamin E antioxidant (P0), and others with the addition of vitamin E at a dose of 2 gL-1diluent (P1); 3 gL-1diluent (P2); and 4 gL-1(P3). Moreover, the variables observed include individual motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane of spermatozoa after storing at 5°C for five days. The data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a completely randomized design in one-way. The results showed that the addition of vitamin E antioxidant to goat milk diluent during sperm dilution had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the motility, viability, and intact plasma membrane. Spermatozoa motility at P0, P1, P2, and P3 were 44.0%, 48.2%, 50.4%, and 53.2%, while the viability was 48.2%, 51.4%, 54.2%, and 56.0%, respectively. Additionally, the intact plasma membranes at P0, P1, P2, and P3 were 41.0%, 46.6%, 48.2%, and 51.4%, respectively. The addition of antioxidant vitamins in goat milk diluent with a concentration of 4 gL-1produced the best results on sperm quality after cooling. Based on the results, it was concluded that the addition of vitamin E antioxidant to the sperm diluent can improve the quality of thin-tailed sheep chilled semen.
Candidacy of genes associated with economic traits for Madura cattle in Sonok area
Authors: Nugroho T , Maharani D , Widi T S M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Madura cattle in the Sonok area are classified into Sonok, Taccek, and Conventional. Meanwhile, the selection of cattle with high economic value is expected to support environmentally friendly livestock production. Therefore, this study aims to identify candidate genes associated with economic traits for Madura Cattle in the Sonok area. An in-silico study was employed using data retrieved from published studies to obtain a list of genes that have been studied in Madura cattle. Next, genes were clustered using Venn Diagram for grouping into respective traits. The selected economic traits were growth, carcass, milk, and reproduction trait. The result showed that a total of 18 genes have been studied in Madura cattle. Among these genes, four were not associated with economic traits, while five were selected as candidate genes because they have associations with all four specified economic traits. The selected genes are Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Growth Hormone (GH), Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR), Myostatin (MSTN), and Leptin (LEP). These five genes can be used as molecular markers for economic traits. Following marker selection, a protein-to-protein interaction analysis and association study between the selected gene to economic trait needs to be performed in Madura Cattle within the Sonok Area.
Physiological response of dairy goats in tropical climates: A study in Tadukan Raga Village, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra
Authors: Febretrisiana A , Anwar A , Alwiyah A , Teresia G E , Hasinah H , Tiesnamurti B 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The physiological response can be an indicator of livestock health status related to the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the physiological response of dairy goats kept in Deli Serdang Regency. A total of 93 PE goats were used and their physiological responses were assessed by measuring rectal temperature, heart, and respiration rate at different ages, body weights, and pregnancy statuses. Subsequently, statistical analysis of the data obtained was carried out with T-Test using SPSS version 21.0. The results indicated that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in goat rectal temperature (39.0, 39.0, 38.9, and 39.0, respectively). Similarly, heart and respiration rates at various ages did not show a significant difference (P>0.05). The body weights (20-29, 30-39, and 40-50kg) did not show significant differences in heart rate (P>0.05) at 72, 69.6, and 73.2 beats/minute. The physiological response of rectal temperature and respiration rate also did not show any difference (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the respiratory rate of pregnant and non­pregnant goats (p>0.05), which were 42.9 and 42.9 breaths/minute, respectively. It was concluded that dairy goats in Tandukan Raga Village, Deli Serdang Regency did not show different physiological responses such as rectal temperature, heart and respiration rate despite differences in age, weight, and pregnancy status.
The perception of rural dairy farmers concerning the commercialization of forage: Evidence from Lembang District
Authors: Hamidah A N , Nuraina N , Despal D , Taufik E 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Environmental and land pressure from horticultural and tourism reduces the availability of forage for sustainable dairy production, specifically in Lembang. Subsequently, only limited commercialization of forage exists in the area. This study aims to explore the perception and selections of dairy farmers in Lembang District based on their interest in purchasing forage and its varieties. The purposive sampling technique was used to select hundreds farmers and they were interviewed for their perception. These perceptions were grouped into (1) not very interested, (2) not interested, (3) interested and (4) very interested. The data were analyzed using scale range analysis. However, the ones concerning the selection of forage types and the willingness of farmers to purchase this plant material were analyzed using qualitative analysis and descriptive statistics. The results showed that 96% were willing to purchase forage (interested and very interested) with elephant grass being the most favourable type (62%). It was found that quality is the critical determinant in farmers decision to purchase forage (33%). Therefore, it was concluded that sustainable dairy farming in the district can be improved by purchasing high-quality elephant grass forage from outside this region.
Organoleptic study of the powdered and liquid snakehead fish (Channa striata) extracts with different shelf times
Authors: Hidayati D , Yuliani D R , Abdulgani N , Jadid N 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The snakehead fish extract (SFE) is known for its medical potential and commercially valuable nutraceutical properties, including for diabetic therapy. Before marketing, it is necessary to test the feasibility of consumer acceptance and nutritional consistency. Therefore, this study aims to examine the organoleptic characteristics of SFE prepared with different methods and varying shelf-times. Two preparation methods were used namely dry and liquid which was stored at different shelf-times of 1, 4 and 8 weeks. Subsequently, the organoleptic quality of each group was tested and statistically analyzed using the Friedman test. The results showed that the best value of shelf time was found at 4 weeks and consumers preferred the powder form of SFE rather than the liquid. The range preferential value of powdered SFE was 3.01-3.8, while the liquid form was 1.8-2.95.