bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the spatial dimension of food insecurity using GIS-based indicators: A case of Western Kenya
Authors: Mathenge Mwehe , Sonneveld Ben G. J. S. , Broerse Jacqueline E. W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFood insecurity elimination is a major focus of the Sustainable Development Goals and addresses one of the most pressing needs in developing countries. With the increasing incidence of food insecurity, poverty, and inequalities, there is a need for realignment of agriculture that aims to empower especially the rural poor smallholders by increasing productivity to improving food security conditions. Repositioning the agricultural sector should avoid general statements about production improvement, instead, it should tailor to location-specific recommendations that fully acknowledge the local spatial diversity of the natural resource base that largely determines production potentials under current low input agriculture. This paper aims to deconstruct the complex and multidimensional aspect of food insecurity and provides policymakers with an approach for mapping the spatial dimension of food insecurity. Using a set of GIS-based indicators, and a small-area approach, we combine Principal Component Analysis and GIS spatial analysis to construct one composite index and four individual indices based on the four dimensions of food security (access, availability, stability, and utilization) to map the spatial dimension of food insecurity in Vihiga County, Kenya. Data were collected by the use of a geocoded household survey questionnaire. The results reveal the existence of a clear and profound spatial disparity of food insecurity. Mapping food insecurity using individual dimension indices provides a more detailed picture of food insecurity as compared to the single composite index. Spatially disaggregated data, a small area approach, and GIS-based indicators prove valuable for mapping local-level causative factors of household food insecurity. Effective policy approaches to combat food insecurity inequalities should integrate spatially targeted interventions for each dimension of food insecurity.
Prevalence of nodal metastases in the individual lymph node stations for different T-stages in gastric cancer: a systematic review
Authors: de Jong M. H. S. , Gisbertz S. S. , van Berge Henegouwen M. I. , Draaisma W. A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundGastrectomy with lymph node dissection is the cornerstone of curative treatment of gastric cancer. Extent of lymphadenectomy may differ depending on T-stage, as the rate of lymph node metastases may differ. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate and compare the prevalence of nodal metastases in the individual lymph node stations between different T-stages.MethodsData reporting and structure of this systematic review follows the PRISMA checklist. The Medline and PubMed databases were systematically searched. The search included the following Mesh terms: "Stomach Neoplasms", "Lymphatic Metastasis" and "Lymph Node Excision". The primary outcome was the highest prevalence of nodal metastases per T-stage.ResultsThe initial search resulted in 175 eligible articles. Five articles met the inclusion criteria and were accordingly analyzed. Concerning the lymph node stations 1 to 7, the lymph nodes along the lesser gastric curvature (station 3) show the highest metastases rate (T1: 5.5%, T2: 21.9%, T3: 41.9%, T4: 71.0%). Concerning the lymph node stations 8 to 20, the lymph nodes around the common hepatic artery (station 8) show the highest metastases rate (T1: 0.8%, T2: 7.9%, T3: 14.0%, T4: 28.2%).ConclusionAn overall low prevalence of nodal metastases in the individual lymph node stations in early, T1 gastric carcinomas and an overall high prevalence in more advanced, T3 and T4 gastric carcinomas endorse a more tailored approach based on the different gastric T-stages. In addition, a less extensive lymphadenectomy seems justified in early T1 carcinoma.SynopsisThis systematic review provides an overview of the prevalence of nodal metastases for the individual lymph node stations between different T-stages, showing an overall low prevalence in early, T1 gastric carcinomas and an overall high prevalence in the more advanced, T3 and T4 gastric carcinomas.
Implementation assessment of calcined and uncalcined cashew nut-shell ash with total recycled concrete aggregate in self-compacting concrete employing Bailey grading technique
Authors: Tantri Adithya , Nayak Gopinatha , Shenoy Adithya , Shetty Kiran K. , Achar Jagadisha , Kamath Muralidhar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study concentrates on the performance evaluation of calcined and uncalcined cashew nut-shell ash (UCCNA and CCNA) with treated total recycled concrete aggregate (TRCA) in self-compacting concrete. The achievement of sustainable self-compacting concrete (SCC) is possible by the implication of four stages, which includes TRCA treatment process, gradation selection process through Bailey aggregate grading technique, by considering TRCA replacement percentage with an increment of 25% and up to 100% and by considering UCCNA or CCNA replacement with an increment of 5% and up to 20%. Hardened and fresh properties of SCC have been performed and analyzed based on the compliance requirements of SCC. In addition finding results through microstructure assessment was in line with the findings of the hardened and fresh properties of SCC. In addition, quality and dynamic instability assessments of SCC were analyzed through ultrasonic pulse velocity and drying shrinkage aspects. Besides CO2, the emission rate and the efficiency rate of SCC, composites were analyzed in detail. Overall findings revealed that CCNA-based SCC mixes performed effectively than UCCNA-based SCC; specifically, incorporation of 75% of TRCA with 15% CCNA was found to be optimal. But with regard to shrinkage performance UCCNA found to be better by imputing less shrinkage compared to CCNA-based SCC mixes. Further with regard to efficiency rate of SCC composites revealed the gain of maximum efficiency of about 0.156 MPa/kg CO2/m3 and 0.160 MPa/kg CO2/m3 for 15% and 20% CCNA-based SCC mixes.
Explicit Near-Optimal Guidance and Pulse-Modulated Control for Lunar Descent and Touchdown
Authors: Pontani M. , Celani F. , Carletta S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis research considers the descent path of a space vehicle, from periselenium of its operational orbit to the lunar surface. The trajectory is split in two arcs: (a) approach, up to a specified altitude, and (b) terminal descent and soft touchdown. For phase (a), a new locally flat near-optimal guidance is used, which is based on iterative projection of the spacecraft position and velocity, and availability of closed-form expressions for the related costate variables. Attitude control is aimed at pursuing the desired spacecraft orientation, and uses an adaptive tracking scheme that compensates for the inertia uncertainties. Arc (b) is aimed at gaining the correct vertical alignment and low velocity at touchdown. For phase (b) a predictive bang-off-bang guidance algorithm is proposed that is capable of guaranteeing the desired final conditions, while providing the proper allocation of side jet ignitions. Actuation of side jets is implemented using pulse width modulation, in both phases. Monte Carlo simulations prove that the guidance and control architecture at hand drives the spacecraft toward safe touchdown, in the presence of non-nominal flight conditions.
Looking towards plurilingual futures for literacy assessment
Authors: Choi Julie , Cross Russell , Davies Larissa McLean , Ollerhead Sue , Barnes Melissa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper furthers the understanding of literacy being developed through this Special Issue by bringing a pluralistic, complex account of literacy into conversation with assessment. The rise of neoliberalism in education—and its related focus on standards, accountability, and efficiency—has seen literacy positioned as the “core business” of contemporary education systems and, accordingly, a construct that must be rendered readily measurable, benchmarked, and accounted for. Through a critique of current literacy assessment practices in Australia relying on standardized testing to achieve such accountability using National Assessment Program for Literacy and Numeracy and Literacy and Numeracy Test for Initial Teacher Education as examples, we argue that the resulting dominant account of literacy is both reductive and deficient. On the one hand, we show how standardized literacy testing fails to recognize students’ actual potential, in terms of the diverse and varied plurilingual and cultural meaning-making resources that many students now bring to literacy, beyond using Standard Australian English alone (and as a monolingual speaker would use SAE as an isolated language system). On the other, we show how standardized tests can render the assessment of literacy as effectively meaningless, given difficulties discriminating between test-takers’ full range of literacy skills in meaningful ways. We conclude by considering alternative practices with potential to more accurately assess learners’ literacy capabilities from a plurilingual perspective, and implications for education policy.
Comparative analysis among Asia–Pacific geoid models stored at the ISG repository
Authors: De Gaetani Carlo Iapige , Batsukh Khulan , Rossi Lorenzo , Reguzzoni Mirko 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGeoid models have important applications in geosciences as well as engineering, for example, for the conversion from ellipsoidal heights observed by GNSS techniques to orthometric heights. To meet the user’s demands, the International Service for the Geoid (ISG, https://www.isgeoid.polimi.it/) provides access to a repository of local, regional, and continental geoid models through its website. Among hundreds of worldwide models, there are many covering countries in the Asia–Pacific area. The focus of this study is about this region, performing a series of analyses to assess the geoid models stored in the ISG repository through some relative comparisons. In particular, three kinds of analyses are performed with the purpose of: (a) investigating the evolution in time of a geoid series referring to the same country, (b) comparing the information provided by local and regional geoid models on overlapped areas, and (c) assessing the agreement between local and global models. These analyses are firstly performed on sample models, providing a detailed description, and then applied to all Asia–Pacific geoid models currently stored in the ISG repository, providing summary statistics.
Multi-Omics Analyses Provide Insight into the Biosynthesis Pathways of Fucoxanthin in Isochrysis Galbana
Authors: Chen Duo , Yuan Xue , Zheng Xuehai , Fang Jingping , Lin Gang , Li Rongmao , Chen Jiannan , He Wenjin , Huang Zhen , Fan Wenfang , Liang Limin , Lin Chentao , Zhu Jinmao , Chen Youqiang , Xue Ting 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Isochrysis galbana is considered an ideal bait for functional foods and nutraceuticals of humans because of its high fucoxanthin (Fx) content. However, multi-omics analysis of the regulatory networks for Fx biosynthesis in I. galbana has not been reported. In this study, we report a high-quality genome assembly of I. galbana LG007, which has a genome size of 92.73 Mb, with a contig N50 of 6.99 Mb and 14,900 protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the monophyly of Haptophyta, with I. galbana sister to Emiliania huxleyi and Chrysochromulina tobinii. Evolutionary analysis revealed an estimated divergence time between I. galbana and E. huxleyi of ∼ 133 million years ago. Gene family analysis indicated that lipid metabolism-related genes exhibited significant expansion, including IgPLMT, IgOAR1, and IgDEGS1. Metabolome analysis showed that the content of carotenoids in I. galbana cultured under green light for 7 days was higher than that under white light, and β-carotene was the main carotenoid, accounting for 79.09% of the total carotenoids. Comprehensive multi-omics analysis revealed that the content of β-carotene, antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin, and Fx was increased by green light induction, which was significantly correlated with the expression of IgMYB98, IgZDS, IgPDS, IgLHCX2, IgZEP, IgLCYb, and IgNSY. These findings contribute to the understanding of Fx biosynthesis and its regulation, providing a valuable reference for food and pharmaceutical applications.
Physical and Mental Health Problems and Their Associations with Inter-Personal Sexual Inactivity and Sexual Dysfunctions in Denmark: Baseline Assessment in a National Cohort Study
Authors: Bahnsen Mikkel K. , Graugaard Christian , Andersson Mikael , Andresen Josefine B. , Frisch Morten 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhysical and mental health are important to sexual function and wellbeing. Yet, associations of ill-health with sexual inactivity and dysfunctions are scarcely researched at population level.AimTo explore and document associations of self-rated health and physical and mental health problems with inter-personal sexual inactivity and sexual dysfunctions.MethodsWe used data from a probability-based, nationally representative sample of 60,958 sexually experienced Danes aged 15–89 years who participated in the 2017–18 Project SEXUS cohort study. Logistic regression analyses provided demographically weighted odds ratios for associations between health measures and sexual outcomes adjusted for partner status and other potential confounders.OutcomesInter-personal sexual inactivity and a range of male and female sexual dysfunctions.ResultsInter-personal sexual inactivity was more common among individuals with bad or very bad self-rated health compared to peers rating their health as good or very good (men: adjusted odds ratio 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.66–2.25; women: 1.66, 1.42–1.94). Individuals rating their health as bad or very bad were also consistently more likely to report sexual dysfunctions, with associated statistically significant adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.66 to 6.38 in men and from 2.25 to 3.20 in women. Patient groups at high risk of sexual dysfunctions comprised individuals afflicted by cardiovascular diseases, pain conditions, diabetes, gastrointestinal and liver diseases, cancer, skin diseases, nervous system diseases, gynecological diseases, benign prostatic hyperplasia, other physical health problems, stress, anxiety, affective disorders, self-injury or suicide ideation and attempts, posttraumatic stress disorder, personality disorders, eating disorders, psychoses and other mental health problems.Clinical ImplicationsThese findings warrant heightened awareness among healthcare professionals, public health promoters and researchers concerning insufficiently appreciated sexual challenges among individuals with poor health.Strengths & LimitationsThe major strengths of our investigation include the large size of the study cohort, the detailed assessment of health-related variables, potential confounders and sexual outcomes, and the fact that we provide new population-based knowledge about less common and sparsely researched sexual dysfunctions and diseases. Limitations of our study include its cross-sectional nature and its modest response rate (35%).ConclusionFindings from our large and nationally representative cohort study provide evidence that poor self-rated health and a range of specific physical and mental health problems are associated with statistically significantly increased rates of inter-personal sexual inactivity and sexual dysfunctions.
Influence of Hillslope Flow on Hydroclimatic Evolution Under Climate Change
Authors: Arboleda Obando Pedro Felipe , Ducharne Agnès , Cheruy Frédérique , Jost Anne , Ghattas Josefine , Colin Jeanne , Nous Camille 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe analyzed the influence of hillslope flow on projections of climate change by comparing two transient climate simulations with the IPSL climate model between 1980 and 2100. Hillslope flow induces a reorganization and increment of soil moisture (+10%), which increases evapotranspiration (+4%) and precipitation (+1%) and decreases total runoff (−3%) and air temperature (−0.1 °C) on an annual average over land for 1980–2010 when compared to simulation not representing hillslope flow. These changes in land/atmosphere fluxes are not homogenous and depend on regional climate and surface conditions. Hillslope flow also influences climate change projections. On average over land, it amplifies the positive trend of soil moisture (+23%), evapotranspiration (+50%), and precipitation (+7%) and slightly attenuates global warming (−1%), especially for daily maximum air temperature. The role of hillslope flow in supporting surface/atmosphere fluxes is more evident at a regional scale. Where precipitation is projected to decrease, hillslope flow is shown to attenuate the related declines in evapotranspiration, precipitation, and total runoff, regardless of aridity conditions and mean air temperature. Where precipitation is projected to increase, hillslope flow amplifies evapotranspiration enhancement but attenuates the increase in precipitation and total runoff. Warming is generally attenuated, especially in semiarid and cold areas, and humid and warm/temperate regions, but the signal is weak. These results demonstrate the role of hillslope flow in enhancing water and energy fluxes between the surface and the atmosphere. They also suggest that including hillslope flow in climate models would weaken the projected intensification of hydrological extreme events.
Uncertainty Analysis in Multi‐Sector Systems: Considerations for Risk Analysis, Projection, and Planning for Complex Systems
Authors: Srikrishnan Vivek , Lafferty David C. , Wong Tony E. , Lamontagne Jonathan R. , Quinn Julianne D. , Sharma Sanjib , Molla Nusrat J. , Herman Jonathan D. , Sriver Ryan L. , Morris Jennifer F. , Lee Ben Seiyon 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSimulation models of multi‐sector systems are increasingly used to understand societal resilience to climate and economic shocks and change. However, multi‐sector systems are also subject to numerous uncertainties that prevent the direct application of simulation models for prediction and planning, particularly when extrapolating past behavior to a nonstationary future. Recent studies have developed a combination of methods to characterize, attribute, and quantify these uncertainties for both single‐ and multi‐sector systems. Here, we review challenges and complications to the idealized goal of fully quantifying all uncertainties in a multi‐sector model and their interactions with policy design as they emerge at different stages of analysis: (a) inference and model calibration; (b) projecting future outcomes; and (c) scenario discovery and identification of risk regimes. We also identify potential methods and research opportunities to help navigate the tradeoffs inherent in uncertainty analyses for complex systems. During this discussion, we provide a classification of uncertainty types and discuss model coupling frameworks to support interdisciplinary collaboration on multi‐sector dynamics (MSD) research. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for best practices to ensure that MSD research can be properly contextualized with respect to the underlying uncertainties.
Future Characteristics of Extreme Precipitation Indicate the Dominance of Frequency Over Intensity: A Multi‐Model Assessment From CMIP6 Across India
Authors: Sarkar Subharthi , Maity Rajib 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive analysis on the past and future changes in precipitation extremes and quantifies the relative contributions from its frequency and intensity across India, considering five extremeness levels, denoted by 95th, 99th, 99.9th, 99.95th, and 99.97th percentile. Gridded station‐based observations from the historical period (1951–2020) and simulations from 14 General Circulation Models for the future (2021–2100), participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) are considered. Apart from an overall increasing pattern of precipitation extremes, it is noticed that the contribution of frequency dominates over intensity. Specifically, the frequency of 99th percentile daily rainfall is projected to increase approximately by two‐ (SSP245) to three‐ (SSP585) times in future. We also proposed a new zoning of entire Indian mainland, identified as six Homogeneous Precipitation Zones (HPZs). HPZ‐wise analysis reveals that the increase in frequency dominates over intensity for all the HPZs with a varying extent. For instance, increase in frequency is more for the climatologically high‐precipitation zones (HPZ‐3: Western Ghats, and HPZ‐6: North‐east India), whereas increase in intensity is more for the low‐precipitation zones (HPZ‐1: North‐west India, and HPZ‐4: Peninsular India). The degree of increase gets even more pronounced under the worst scenario SSP585, indicating a potential impact of anthropogenic activities on changing precipitation extremes. Findings of this study should be accounted in the climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies for future.
Assessing the Internal Uppermost Crustal Structure of the Central Pyrenees by Gravity‐Constrained Cross Sections
Authors: Soto Ruth , Clariana Pilar , Ayala Conxi , Rey‐Moral Carmen , Casas‐Sainz Antonio M. , Román‐Berdiel Teresa , Margalef Aina , Rubio Félix , Oliva‐Urcia Belén , Pueyo Emilio L. , Martín‐León Juliana , Beamud Elisabet 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Pyrenees constitutes an exceptional example of an Alpine orogenic belt characterized by basement thrust sheets involving Paleozoic rocks and Mesozoic and Cenozoic cover units detached on the Triassic evaporites, the main décollement level. This work is located in the Central Pyrenees, where gravity data help to better constrain the internal architecture of the upper crust of the southern half of the Axial Zone and the northern part of the South Pyrenean Zone, a key area to understand the orogenic evolution of the chain. Previous and new gravity, petrophysical and geological data have been used to obtain the Bouguer and residual anomaly maps of the study area and six serial gravity‐constrained cross sections perpendicular to the main structural trend. The residual anomaly map shows a good correlation between basement units involved in thrust sheets of the study area and gravity highs whereas negative anomalies are interpreted to correspond with Mesozoic/Cenozoic basins, Triassic evaporites, Late Variscan igneous bodies, and Ordovician gneisses. The six gravity‐constrained cross sections highlight strong along‐strike variations on the gravity signal due to lateral differences of the superficial and subsurface occurrence of Triassic evaporites, different geometry at depth of the Late Variscan igneous bodies outcropping in the study area, and geometric lateral variations of the basement thrust sheets and their relationship with the Mesozoic‐Cenozoic units.