bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two different modalities for treating iris cysts
Authors: De Keizer RJW , Jordy Goemaere , Noemie Lauwers , Sorcha Ní Dhubhghail , Jose Tassignon Marie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo present two patients with recent onset iris cysts where two different treatments were applied.MethodsWhile generally benign, stromal iris cysts can increase in size very rapidly and if treatment is not prompt, can result in enucleation,as in traumatic related induced epithelial cysts. To avoid this, two different treatment modalities were performed in our clinic. The first case was a traumatic iris cyst and the second case was a congenital cyst; they underwent intralesional photocoagulation and intralesional alcohol injection (Shields method) respectively.ResultsFor the first case of the patient, a 38‐year‐ old man with a secondary traumatic epithelial cyst, intralesional photocoagulation was performed over 270 degrees. The cyst shrivelled, and postoperatively the visual acuity increased from finger counting to 0.3. This was followed by a cataract surgery. In the months after the cataract surgery, the cornea became oedematous and the IOP elevated. After further decompensation, the patient elected to abstain from further surgery. In the second a 19‐year‐old man, with a congenital stromal cyst and progressive myopia was treated with intralaesional absolute alcohol. After the first treatment session, the cyst appeared to resolved but after several months it returned. A second intralesional alcohol treatment session was performed and while there is some return of fluid in the cyst this is accumulating very slowly. The patient remains symptom free for the past 2 years, the pupillary zone remains clear of the cyst and the visual acuity is 1.0 (Decimal Snellen).ConclusionsIn stromal iris cyst, the very rapidly progression can be blocked or stabilized by intralesional photocoagulation or alcohol. In our experience with these cases, the latter approach demonstrated better results in the long‐term and enucleation could be avoided.CL Shields S Aregalli ,EB Lally,SE Lally, JA Shields: Iristromal cyst management with absolute alcohol induced sclerosis. JAMA Ophthalm 2014,132,(6) 703‐708.
Plexus‐specific analysis of retinal neurovascular coupling using optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Kallab Martin , Hommer Nikolaus , Tan Bingyao , Pfister Martin , Schlatter Andreas , Werkmeister René M. , Chua Jacqueline , Schmidl Doreen , Schmetterer Leopold , Garhöfer Gerhard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo analyse retinal neurovascular coupling (NVC) in a plexus‐specific manner at baseline and during flicker light stimulation using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to thereby use the retina as a model for non‐invasive microvascular assessment of NVC in humans.Methods22 healthy subjects were included in the study. Macular 10°x10° volume scans were acquired at baseline and during flicker light stimulation using the Spectralis OCTA module (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). Vessel densities (VDs) in the superficial (SCP), intermediate (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) as well as in the full retina (FR) were assessed after thresholding the respective slabs by mean values. Large vessels and resulting projection artefacts were removed using a threshold‐based approach. Capillary representation was optimized using a “Frangi filter”. Volumetric blood flow and vessel diameters were measured using a Doppler‐OCT prototype.ResultsFlicker light stimulation induced a significant FR VD increase from 39.7 ± 1.7 to 41.2 ± 1.6% (+3.8 ± 2.7%; p < 0.001). Upon separate analysis of the three retinal plexus, VD significantly increased by +9.9 ± 6.7% in SCP, by ±6.6 ± 1.7% in ICP and by +4.9 ± 2.3% in DCP (p<0.001 for all three). This increase was significantly higher in SCP than in ICP (p = 0.02) and DCP (p = 0.002). Arterial diameters increased by +3.7 ± 3.1% (p < 0.001), venous diameters rose by +4.5 ± 3.0% (p<0.001). Volumetric blood flow increased by +39.9±34.9% (p<0.001) in arteries and by +29.8 ± 16.8% (p < 0.001) in veins.ConclusionsIn summary, a robust increase of retinal VD which was most pronounced in SCP could be observed upon flicker light stimulation. These data propose a plexus‐specific mechanism, to precisely meet the metabolic needs of retinal cells. The location of SCP in the inner retinal layers, where increase of metabolic demands is suggested to be greatest during flicker light stimulation, could be explanatory for the locally bigger response.
Acute ocular hypertension in adult pigmented mice: longitudinal functional and morphological studies
Authors: Gallego Ortega Alejandro , Norte Muñoz María , de Imperial Ollero Juan Antonio Miralles , Javier Valiente‐Soriano Francisco , De La Villa Pedro , Vidal‐Sanz Manuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTransient ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) is a commonly employed method to study acute angle‐closure glaucoma. Here, we assess with functional and histological techniques the effects of various ischemic and reperfusion intervals.MethodsI/R was induced in C57BL/6J mice by inserting a 30G needle in the anterior chamber of the left eye connected to a 500 mL reservoir of 0.9%NaCl elevated over 150 cm, to increase the IOP from 8 to ≈90 mmHg for several intervals of 45', 60', 75' or 90' (n = 4; each group) and 3 days later mice were perfused, their retinas were prepared as flat‐mounts and immunostained with Brn3a antibodies to identify retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In addition, the effects of 60' I/R were analyzed longitudinally in vivo with full field electroretinogram recordings at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after injury (n = 12) and ex vivo with immunohistochemical techniques at 3, 7, 14 or 21 days to determine the survival of RGCs, horizontal cells, S‐cone or L/M cone photoreceptors that were identified with Brn3a, calbindin, S‐ or L/M‐Opsin antibodies, respectively.ResultsAt 3 days of 45' of I/R the Brn3a+RGC population remained intact, however, after 60', 75' or 90' the Brn3a+RGC population was reduced to 75, 37.5 and 12.5%, respectively, of its original value. At 7 days after 60' of I/R, Brn3a+RGCs decreased to 50%, and remained unchanged for up to at 21 days. Horizontal cells and S‐cones remained unchanged at every time interval examined. L/M cones diminished significantly at 7 days (≈70%) and further decreased to 58% at 14 days without further changes at 21 days. Functional analysis showed a permanent decrease in all waves studied, from 3 to 21 days after I/R.ConclusionsPigmented mice retina shows a damage threshold between 45' and 60' min of I/R for RGC survival. 60' of I/R leads to a rapid loss of innermost retina from 3 to 7 days, the horizontal cells are not affected, while in the outer retina, L/M cones are affected but S cones are not.CT
Successful treatment of intraocular inflammation following intravitreal brolucizumab
Authors: Enders Christian , Jens Ulrich Werner 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo describe the management of intraocular inflammation after treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–inhibitor brolucizumab in two patients.MethodsWe present the treatment course of two patients who received an upload with brolucizumab in one eye due to age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) after previous intravitreal therapy with other VEGF‐inhibitors had not been effective anymore. Both patients developed a delayed intraocular inflammation (IOI) with emphasis on the vitreous.ResultsFurther intravitreal therapy with brolucizumab was stopped in both patients, other causes than sterile uveitis were excluded and local therapy with steroidal eye drops was initiated. Patient B additionally received body weight‐adapted therapy with oral steroids due to severe inflammation in the vitreous space. Initially and during the whole course, there was no evidence of vasculitis. Both patients reached their initial visual acuity within 4 weeks.ConclusionsSuccessful treatment of IOI after treatment with brolucizumab requires thorough and frequent examinations to identify IOI early. With an immediate cessation of therapy with brolucizumab and additional therapy with either local steroids or a combination of local and systemic steroids both patients fully recovered from medication‐associated uveitis without any remnants.
Multimodal imaging in retinal artery macroaneurysms
Authors: Maamouri Rym , Meriem Ouederni , Wijdene Nabi , Fehmy Nafaa , Hela Sassi , monia cheour 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo describe multimodal imaging features in eyes with retinal artery macroaneurysms (RAM).MethodsA retrospective case series of 4 eyes diagnosed with RAM. All patients underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, swept source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT) and swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS‐OCTA).ResultsAll patients were females with a mean age of 57‐year‐old. There was a history of systemic hypertension in 3 patients. An acute vision loss was reported in 2 cases. The best corrected visual acuity at presentation ranged between +1.7 and +0.1 LogMar. RAM was single and unilateral in all cases. The RAM were seen in the temporal half of the retina in all cases and were localized in the superior temporal arcade in 2 cases and in the inferior temporal arcade in 2 cases. Fluorescein angiography allowed for the visualization of the RAM in 3 cases. SS‐OCT visualized the RAM in all cases and their consequences on the surrounding area and on the macula. SS‐OCTA allowed observation of blood flow in each layer of the RAM. En face OCT permitted delineation of the macroaneurysm wall in 2 cases.ConclusionsRetinal artery macroaneurysm is an acquired rare vascular disease that may mimic a variety of other conditions. Multimodal imaging approach is very useful for planning and assessing therapy.
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by analyzing the roughness of the retinal layers
Authors: Salobrar‐Garcia Elena , Jañez‐García L. , Bachtoula O. , López‐Cuenca Inés , Elvira‐Hurtado Lorena , de Hoz Rosa , Jose Salazar Juan , Isabel Ramírez Ana , Jañez‐Escalada Luis , Manuel Ramírez Jose 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Retinal thickness changes had been reported in different stages of the disease, being these changes a biomarker of AD progression. There is increasing evidence that thinned and thickened regions are interspersed throughout the retinal layers of AD patients, resulting in the roughness of their bounding surfaces and thickness maps. The aim of this work is to prove the roughness of retinal layers, as assessed by the fractal dimension (FD) of their thickness maps, is an early biomarker of AD.MethodsA complete ophthalmological exam and cognitive test (Mini Mental State Examination) was carried out in 24 healthy volunteers and 19 patients with mild AD. Total retinal thickness and retinal layers thickness were studied by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and thickness retinal maps were obtained. From the whole retinal area scanned on each subject only a central square region available from all sample subjects was kept for roughness analysis. In this square, the FD of the thickness map of each retinal layer was calculated as an index of its roughness.ResultsThe FD of retinal layers is significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the AD group, compared to the healthy group. The correlation of FD with cognitive score, visual acuity and age reaches statistical significance in 7 layers. Nearly all (44 out of 45) FD correlations among layers are positive and half of them (23) reached statistical significance (p  <  0.05). Factor analysis revealed two groups of retinal layers whose roughness evolves independently: the first includes two layers related to the outer segments and may be influenced by dysregulation of the choroidal vascular network; and the second includes the remaining layers, and may be associated with the inflammatory process of the retina.ConclusionsRoughness is a holistic feature of retinal layers that can be assessed by FD of their thickness maps and is an early biomarker of AD.
Dual angiopoietin‐2/VEGF‐A neutralisation prevents vascular leakage, cell death and subretinal macrophage infiltration in mouse models of retinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury and spontaneous CNV
Authors: Canonica Jérémie , Shanmugam Sumathi , Lin Cheng‐mao , Antonetti David , Foxton Richard , Uhles Sabine , Westenkow Peter , Abcouwer Steve , Garcia Garrido Marina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeExplore impact of dual angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2)/vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) targeting by faricimab on vessel destabilisation and retinal inflammation in 2 mouse models: retinal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model to assess vascular permeability, and JR5558 spontaneous choroidal neovascularisation (sCNV) model to investigate inflammation, in the context of phase 2/3 clinical data on faricimab.MethodsAntibodies against Ang‐2, VEGF‐A, or both (VA2) and IgG (control) were intravitreally injected 2 days before I/R injury in the I/R model. Vascular permeability and ongoing cell death were assessed by retinal FITC‐BSA accumulation and DNA fragmentation assay, respectively, 48h after injury. JR5558 mice were treated intraperitoneally at postnatal days P45, P52 with mouse cross‐reactive tool antibodies to Ang‐2, VEGF‐A, both (VA2) and IgG. Subretinal inflammatory cell (Iba1+, CD45+, CD11b+) infiltration was evaluated by flat‐mount retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid histology at 1 (PT1), 3 (PT2), and 5 weeks (PT3) post‐treatment.ResultsPost‐I/R injury, VA2 significantly prevented retinal vascular permeability by 64%; anti–VEGF‐A by 37%; anti–Ang‐2 produced no significant change. VA2 significantly reduced ongoing cell death by 47%; VEGF‐A, Ang‐2 alone had no significant effect. In JR5558 mice, VA2, not anti–VEGF‐A or anti–Ang‐2 alone, significantly reduced Iba1+ microglia/macrophages on RPE/choroid and around lesions versus IgG at PT1 and PT2. At PT3, anti–Ang‐2, VA2, not anti–VEGF‐A, showed significant reductions in Iba1+ cells versus IgG. CD45+, CD11b+ cells on RPE/choroid and around lesions were significantly reduced only with VA2 versus IgG.ConclusionsDual Ang‐2/VEGF‐A inhibition synergistically prevented retinal vascular leakage, cell death and inflammation in retinal I/R injury and sCNV mouse models, suggesting that vascular leakage, prolonged inflammation are driven by Ang‐2, and supporting recent phase 2/3 clinical data that demonstrated sustained efficacy of faricimab versus intravitreal anti‐VEGF monotarget therapy and extended durability up to every 16 weeks.
Leopard spot chorioretinopathy revealing late onset sympathetic ophthalmia
Authors: Fehmy Nafaa , Meriem Ouederni , Ben Aoun Safa , Zaienb Gharbi , Wijdene Nabi , Monia Cheour 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo report a case of a very late onset atypical sympathetic ophthalmia presented as a leopard spot retinopathy.MethodsAn observational case report of a 64‐year‐old patient with a history of penetrating ocular trauma of the right eye (RE) at the age of 3‐year‐old who presented with visual blurring of the left eye (LE). The patient underwent complete ophthalmic examination, autofluorescence imaging, fluorescein angiography, Indocyanine Green (ICG) angiography, swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT).ResultsExamination of the RE showed a phthisis bulbi. Visual acuity of the LE was limited to hand motion. Slit lamp examination revealed +1 cells anterior chamber inflammation, granulomatous keratic precipitates, posterior synechiae, with a mild cataract and +2 vitreous cells. Fundoscopy showed multiple yellowish patchy subretinal lesions. Fluorescein angiography revealed hyperfluorescent nummular areas at early frames without late leakage surrounded by zones of hypofluorescences. Fundus autofluorescence imaging showed a leopard spot pattern with areas of hypoautofluorescence surrounded by hyperautofluorescence. ICG angiography showed no hypofluorescent dark dots. SS‐OCT demonstrated retinal thickening, multiple areas of flat subretinal fluid, irregular hyperreflective spots at the photoreceptor outer segment layer and irregularities of the retinal pigment epithelium. The diagnosis of unilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (DUMP) was first made. The patient underwent a systemic workup with full‐body computed tomography scans, cerebral and ocular magnetic resonance imaging and blood tests including tumor markers. All tests were normal. The patient was put on oral prednisone (1 mg/kg/day) during 6 months with a gradual tapering and good initial outcome. Visual acuity increased to 40/200.Two weeks after stopping steroids, he presented with acute granulomatous anterior uveitis and the diagnosis of very late onset sympathetic ophthalmia was made.ConclusionsLeopard retinopathy can be an uncommon clinical presentation of a variety of disorders especially sympathetic ophthalmia. The diagnosis could be challenging in case of atypical presentation and very late onset. Treatment outcome and close follow‐up should be considered for a correct diagnosis.
The peripapillary and macular microvasculature in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration in longterm versus recently started anti‐VEGF using a treat‐and‐extend regimen and healthy controls
Authors: Türksever Cengiz , Hoffmann Laura , Hatz Katja B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate alterations in the peripapillary and macular microvasculature in eyes with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) in recently started versus long‐term anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy compared to healthy controls using swept‐source optical coherence tomography angiography–based (OCTA) microangiography (OMAGc).MethodsEyes with nAMD receiving intravitreal anti‐VEGF injections using a treat‐and‐extend regimen (TER) were assigned to group 1 (<5 injections) or 2 (≥20 injections) whereas group 3 constituted the healthy age‐matched controls. Blood flow signals were acquired using PLEX® Elite 9000 Swept‐Source OCTA in 6x6mm scans centered on the fovea and the optic nerve head (ONH). SD‐OCT scans were obtained of the macular and ONH region and the mean ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness values (retinal nerve fibre layer + ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer) were quantified by manual correction. The subgroups were compared using ANOVA.ResultsA total of 80 eyes whereof 40 eyes in the control group were included. Macular superficial perfusion density in the central 3 and 6mm was significantly reduced in group 1 and 2 compared to controls (p < 0.001; p = 0.010) without a significant difference between groups 1 and 2. The presence of subretinal fluid was associated with a better superficial macular perfusion density in the central 6mm (p = 0.036). Mean peripapillary flux index was significantly lower in group 2 than in controls (p = 0.023) in the absence of a significant correlation with neither IOP elevation after the injection nor the number of anti‐VEGF injections received. The mean GGC in the central 3mm was thicker in group 2 compared to group 1 (103.8 µm versus 97.68 µm; p = 0.093), particularly in the inferior part of the macula. An increased pulse pressure was observed in group 2 in comparison to groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.003; p = 0.012).ConclusionsReduced perfusion density of the inner retina might be related to a local vasoconstrictor effect of anti‐VEGF treatment. Neither repeated injections nor postop‐ IOP elevations were correlated to peripapillary microvasculature. The thinning of the IPL observed in nAMD resulting from transsynaptic degeneration of ganglion cell dendrites with photoreceptor loss might regenerate with anti‐VEGF therapy.
One‐year results of photodynamic therapy with chlorin e6‐polyvinylpyrrolidone complex in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (pilot study)
Authors: Zadorozhnyy Oleg , Nasinnyk Illia , Kustryn Taras , Korol Andrii , Pasyechnikova Nataliya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with chlorin e6‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (Ce6‐PVP) complex in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).MethodsIn this prospective, interventional, single‐centre clinical pilot study included 28 patients (28 eyes) with chronic CSC. Patients received an intravenous infusion of 3 mg/m2 Ce6‐PVP complex (Photolon, Belmedpreparaty pharmaceutical company, Minsk, Belarus) delivered over a period of 10 min. Exactly 15 min after the start of this infusion, a Ocular Mainster (Standard) Focal/Grid contact lens (Ocular Instruments, Bellevue, Washington, USA) was positioned on the eye, the treatment spot was centered using predefined criteria for fluorescein angiography, and PDT was applied using standard parameters (fluency, 50 J/cm2; wavelength, 662 nm; and treatment duration, 83 seconds). The primary objective was decimal best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at Month 12. The secondary objectives were central retinal thickness (CRT) in fovea area, complete subretinal fluid (SRF) resolution, number of treatment and safety at Month 12.ResultsMean decimal BCVA showed significant increase from 0.6 ± 0.3 to 0.8 ± 0.4 (p = 0.001), mean CRT decreased significantly from 289 ± 72 to 202 ± 48 µm (p = 0.001), comparing baseline and Month 12. During all follow‐up period mean number of PDT treatments was 1.2 ± 0.5. In 77% (20 eyes) were noted complete SRF resolution during observation period. There were no any systemic adverse events and ocular side effects.ConclusionsOur pilot study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of PDT with Ce6‐PVP complex for chronic CSC during the 12‐month follow‐up. This finding provides key insight into developing new practice for treating chronic CSC. Futures studies in larger numbers of patients and with longer follow‐up are planned to further assess the efficacy and safety of PDT with Ce6‐PVP complex for chronic CSC.