bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breakthrough Innovative Solutions and Technologies for Greenhouse Gases Reduction
Authors: Al-Mahmood Moaath 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Khurais Producing Department, as one of Saudi Aramco's producing facilities, is sharing this paper to highlight implemented breakthrough innovative solutions and technologies with massive positive impact on the environment. These technologies were introduced to increase the operation reliability, reduce the Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions and carbon footprint, and promote circular economy by optimizing power consumption, generating clean power, and eliminating daily routine flaring towards Saudi Aramco's ambition of achieving net-zero Scope 1 and Scope 2 greenhouse gases emissions by 2050, which is a step towards achieving Saudi Arabia's commitment to net-zero by 2060.
Driven by the commitment of Khurais managements toward the Saudi Aramco defined environmental protection policies through Khurais Environmental Management System (EMS) that meets the requirements of ISO 14001:2015 and strives for continual improvement, Khurais has set its objectives for protecting the environment and reducing the impact of its day-to-day operation on the surrounding environment. To achieve these objectives, Khurais has developed different plans, such as the Flare Minimization Plan and GHG Assurance Plan, and established key performance indicators (KPIs) through the Operational Excellence (OE) system to track and enhance the environmental performance of the facility.
To achieve the objectives identified by Khurais managements and to support their commitment plan for protecting the environment, different initiatives and technologies were deployed at Khurais facility which have significantly contributed to GHG emission reduction. The implemented initiatives include: a) construction of steam turbine generator (STG) part of the combined cycle cogeneration plant to generate clean power, b) installing flare gas recovery system to recover daily routine flaring from the facility, c) deploying the first worldwide Advanced Process Control (APC) for oil production wells for conventional oilfield for optimizing energy consumption, d) installing a swing line connecting all five oil trains’ HP Compressor suction lines to share the feed gas, e) flare minimization during running Oil Train-4 with bypassing damaged stabilizer which was a patented solution deployed to achieve the facility MSC post the attack on Khurais facilities, f) deployment of nonmetallic resin thermal pipe (RTP) material technology for over 60% of the massive crude pipeline network, and g) full deployment of closed draining systems through the construction of WOSEP blowdown system and automatic crude tank dewatering system.
This paper will share Khurais efforts in implementing these initiatives and technologies, which touch base on different sources for GHG emission from the facility such as power consumption, flared gas, and material release to the atmosphere. Identifying a plan and implementing these initiatives have contributed to reducing the GHG emissions from Khurais facility.
Rig Move Safety Optimization
Authors: Mahmood Tariq , Khan Zubair 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The safety ofourRigmoves isofparamountimportance inour roleofexecuting this taskwithahigh KPI score.Our rigmoves must beperformed after properplanningwithmaximum safetyprotocols andwithin the target time frame from the old to new location.
Practicing Sustainability in Remote Location
Authors: Al Awadhi Ibrahim , Sharma Ashok , Karim Twana 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective/Scope
Effective electrical and instrument control system is required for efficient operation of pipeline network. These equipment are kept in unmanned shelter with necessary cooling, as ambient temperature can go upto 54°C vs designed of 40°C. Pipelines and supply network often run through remote areas where usually no power supply is available. This puts heavy challenges to cooling inside shelters. This paper presents a unique approach adopted to enhance the shelter cooling performance in remote locations.

Methods, Procedures, Process
Conventionally shelter in remote area are Passive cooled shelter (PCS) where water in the exchanger is cooled by using lowest night ambient air. This water is circulated inside the shelter in closed circuit which cools the space by natural convection. High inside temperature (45°C) was recorded in some existing PCS. To assess reasons for high temperature, performance of PCS and heat dissipations of installed equipment against design values were evaluated. Furthermore, survey was performed for ambient and inside temperature during summer peak time instead of assuming ambient temperature of 54°C. Accordingly, the impact of maximum temperature on instrument was evaluated.

Results, Observations & Conclusions
Study concluded high inside temperature in PCS was due to high heat dissipation and external opening for ventilation in battery room.
Conventionally reduction in maximum temperature inside PCS can be carried out by increasing the capacity of installed external exchangers from existing 300 W/C to 600 W/C. Further benefits can be achieved by installing small fans next to the internal water tank and installing breather diaphragms with filter in external openings to reduce the heat input from outside. However, study concluded that with all this, minimum temperature inside PCS can be reduced to 42°C vs required 40°C as all installed equipment are designed to operate at max 40°C. This is due to high lowest ambient temperature during peak summer (36°C)
Due to remote location and non-availability of electric power, unique approach of additional cooling using Solar Hybrid A/C system was proposed without battery charger. Study concluded installing Hybrid Solar A/C system without battery charger can be operated during the summer peak time for period of 6 hours per day can bring down the inside temperature below 35°C throughout the year. Proposed solution is now successfully implemented in existing PCS and performance is found satisfactory during peak summer condition.

Novel/Additive Information
There is several PCS with similar issues and this unique approach of installing 24V DC Hybrid Solar A/C system is now being adopted in other PCS shelter which will support ADNOC Way by sustaining safe network operation and 100% HSE. There are large network of pipeline running in remote locations across the world where power availability is a concern and limit were above approach can be followed to realize larger benefits.
Merging Buoyancy Technology and Low Friction Centralizers in Deploying a Long 9-5/8" Casing String: Case History of an Ultra Extended Reach Well
Authors: Hussain Sajid , Harthi Fahad , Shaikh Alaa , Missiaen Francois Missiaen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Drilling into the fields with the presence of communities, will limit closer surface well placement and eliminate the option of conventional well design. With the continuous advancement of Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) technologies, it is possible to drill in such areas; although this approach does present numerous challenges in particular while casing deployment.
The project began by preparing a surface location which required a long stretch of the planned well to penetrate the reservoir target(s), thereby, placing it in the ultra-extended reach well category. Due to the shallow TVD and long well departure, the frictional forces developed in the horizontal sections were of significant magnitude. As a result of this, torque and drag were major challenges to overcome during casing running operations.
This paper will examine the planning, design, simulation and practices implemented during the (1) drilling of a 12.25 in. horizontal hole section with a stepout of over 16,000 ft., and (2) the deployment of a long 9.5/8 in. casing string with partial flotation and low friction centralizers technologies. Effectively deploying such a long 9.5/8 in. casing string to the bottom of this uniquely challenging wellbore, requires significant engineering and close operational scrutiny. This involves managing frictional and drag losses through effective hole cleaning practices and fluids performance. This study documents using both partial flotation technology and low friction polymer centralization where drag and torque limits, along with potential casing lock up were considered to allow for successful casing running operations. The casing flotation is allowed by employing a buoyant chamber length over 8,800 ft., thus effectively reducing drag in the lateral section as well as the required force to deploy the casing into the extended horizontal section. This results in complete buckling elimination and significant torque reductions. Tailoring the buoyant chamber length/capacity proves to be a critical factor to allow for extended formation exposure and/or reach for casing deployment.
A detailed pre-job planning methodology and modeling technique are provided to demonstrate the technical limits and improvement achieved with such technologies to effectively run the 9.5/8 in casing. Expected vs. actual friction factors will be defined and evaluated in order to enhance the assessments and predictions of the computational tools. A tailored methodology to tackle ERD challenges is also presented herein based on the combination of real time data vs. designed simulations.
Comprehensive Speed-Up Technology for Safe and Efficient Drilling Through Ultra-HTHP Huge Mudstone Formation in the South China Sea
Authors: Chen Haodong , Liu Hexing , Luo Ming , Jin Yan , Han Xu , Liang Jiwen , Wang Shiguo , Lu Yunhu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
How to drill through the huge mudstone formation safely and quickly in the Ying-Qiong basin, western South China Sea has always been a significant problem in deep-water drilling. Under the action of the hydrostatic pressure of high-density drilling fluid and confining pressure of deep strata, ultra-HTHP huge mudstone presents viscoelastic and severe plastic characteristics. It is difficult for the bit to penetration the strata and slow down the rate of penetration. Although the thickness of mudstone is less than 30% of the total footage, the pure drilling time accounts for more than 75% of the total drilling time, which is difficult to meet the demand for economic and efficient drilling. In order to solve the problem of low ROP, the deformation and failure characteristics of huge plastic mudstone are found through the experimental test. The critical confining pressure of brittle plastic transition of mudstone is analyzed. The evaluation method of brittle plastic transition of mudstone and its influence on drillability is proposed. The personalized design and selection template of drill bits for plastic mudstone is established, and the personalized bits and drilling acceleration tools are optimized. The design scheme of safe drilling fluid density is put forward, which considers both wellbore safety and elimination of chip hold down effect. Considering the engineering and geological characteristics, the integrated drilling speed-up technology with high-efficiency rock breaking and wellbore stability is formed. Compared with field drilling, the ROP is increased by 82.6%. This technology can improve the drilling efficiency and significantly reduce the drilling cost, which provides a reference for speeding up drilling in similar formations.
Pixel-based analysis of pulmonary changes on CT lung images due to COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Soya Elif , Ekenel Nur , Savas Recep , Toprak Tugce , Bewes James , Doganay Ozkan 
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Computed tomography (CT) plays a complementary role in the diagnosis of the pneumonia-burden of COVID-19 disease. However, the low contrast of areas of inflammation on CT images, areas of infection are difficult to identify. The purpose of this study is to develop a post-image-processing method for quantitative analysis of COVID-19 pneumonia-related changes in CT attenuation values using a pixel-based analysis rather than more commonly used clustered focal pneumonia volumes. The COVID-19 pneumonia burden is determined by experienced radiologists in the clinic. Previous AI software was developed for the measurement of COVID-19 lesions based on the extraction of local pneumonia features. In this respect, changes in the pixel levels beyond the clusters may be overlooked by deep learning algorithms. The proposed technique focuses on the quantitative measurement of COVID-19 related pneumonia over the entire lung in pixel-by-pixel fashion rather than only clustered focal pneumonia volumes.
Material and Methods: Fifty COVID-19 and 50 age-matched negative control patients were analyzed using the proposed technique and commercially available artificial intelligence (AI) software. The %pneumonia was calculated using the relative volume of parenchymal pixels within an empirically defined CT density range, excluding pulmonary airways, vessels, and fissures. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to investigate the statistical difference between lobar and whole lung %pneumonia in the negative control and COVID-19 cohorts.
Results: The threshold of high-and-low CT attenuation values related to pneumonia caused by COVID-19 were found to be between ₋642.4 HU and 143 HU. The %pneumonia of the whole lung, left upper, and lower lobes were 8.1 ± 4.4%, 6.1 ± 4.5, and 11.3 ± 7.3% for the COVID-19 cohort, respectively, and statistically different (P < 0.01). Additionally, the pixel-based methods correlate well with existing AI methods and are approximately four times more sensitive to pneumonia particularly at the upper lobes compared with commercial software in COVID-19 patients (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: Pixel-by-pixel analysis can accurately assess pneumonia in COVID-19 patients with CT. Pixel-based techniques produce more sensitive results than AI techniques. Using the proposed novel technique, %pneumonia could be quantitatively calculated not only in the clusters but also in the whole lung with an improved sensitivity by a factor of four compared to AI-based analysis. More significantly, pixel-by-pixel analysis was more sensitive to the upper lobe pneumonia, while AI-based analysis overlooked the upper lung pneumonia region. In the future, this technique can be used to investigate the efficiency of vaccines and drugs and post COVID-19 effects.
EFFECT OF AUXINOGENIC BACTERIAL STRAINS ON THE GROWTH OF WHEAT PLANTS OF VARIOUS ABIOTIC STRESS
Authors: Тимергалин М.Д. , Феоктистова А.В. , Рамеев Т.В. , Четверикова Д.В. , Кенджиева А.А. , Шарипов Д.А. , Стариков С.Н. , Бакаева М.Д. , Худайгулов Г.Г. , Четвериков С.П. 
Published: February 2022

Приведены результаты влияния бактерий Pseudomonas koreensis ИБ-4 и Pseudomonas sp. ДА1.2 на растения пшеницы при гербицидном стрессе и дефиците воды разной интенсивности. Показано благоприятное влияние данных штаммов бактерий на рост растений при воздействии гербицидов и засухи, а также их способность снижать содержание пролина в условиях гербицидного стресса.
The results of the influence of Pseudomonas koreensis IB-4 and Pseudomonas sp. DA1.2 bacteria on wheat plants under herbicide stress and water deficit of different intensity are presented.The beneficial effect of these bacterial strains on plant growth under the influence of herbicides and drought, as well as the ability to reduce the content of proline under herbicide stress, has been shown.
USING THE GENETIC POTENTIAL OF THE WORLD TOBACCO COLLECTION IN BREEDING FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE
Authors: ХОМУТОВА С.А. , КУБАХОВА А.А. , ШУРАЕВА Г.П. 
Published: February 2022

Проведена оценка селекционного материала на болезнеустойчивость и выделены перспективные генотипы с высоким уровнем устойчивости к основным болезням (к табачной, огуречной мозаикам, мучнистой росе, бактериальной рябухе, пероноспорозу).Многолетняя оценка перспективного исходного материала на устойчивость к основным болезням показала, что основными типами устойчивости были следующие: иммунитет, в основе которого лежит реакция сверхчувствительности, толерантность и ограничение развития возбудителя болезней в тканях растений.
The evaluation of breeding material for disease resistance and identified promising genotypes with a high level of resistance to major diseases, tobacco mosaic, powdery mildew, bacterial Ryabukha, downy mildew. The long-term assessment of the prospective source material for resistance to major diseases showed that the main types of resistance were the following: immunity, which is based on the reaction of hypersensitivity, tolerance and restriction of the development of the pathogen in plant tissues.
ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT STATE OF THE UPPER CRETACEOUS RESERVOIR OF THE ELDAROVO FIELD AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INCREASING OIL RECOVERY AND WELL PRODUCTION RATES
Authors: ХАЛАДОВ А.Ш. , АЛИЕВ И.И. , ДУДАЕВ М.М. , ХАЛАДОВ М.С. , АЛЕРОЕВ Б.А. 
Published: February 2022

Увеличение нефтеотдачи пластов - актуальная проблема нефтяной науки и нефтедобывающих предприятий. В настоящее время разрабатываются и эксплуатируются месторождения с трудноизвлекаемыми запасами нефти, которые приурочены к низкопроницаемым, слабодренируемым, неоднородным и расчленённым коллекторам. Несмотря на высокое развитие техники и технологий добычи нефти, средняя нефтеотдача в России не превышает 40%, следовательно, более половины первоначальных геологических запасов нефти остаются не извлечёнными. Для повышения нефтеотдачи на месторождениях приходится применять специальные мероприятия по интенсификации добычи и повышении. нефтеотдачи. И как следствие, необходим анализ применяемых технологий. В разные периоды разработки Эльдаровского месторождения возникали и решались проблемы, связанные с осложнениями в добыче нефти. В настоящее время эти осложнения связаны в большей мере с низкой продуктивностью скважин, а также с необходимостью проведения капитального ремонта. В сложившейся обстановке необходимо выработать методы и методики наиболее эффективных и энергосберегающих технологий добычи нефти с максимальным извлечением запасов углеводородов.
Increased oil recovery is an urgent problem of petroleum science and oil production enterprises. Currently, fields with hard-to-recover oil reserves are being developed and exploited, which are confined to low-permeability, poorly drained, heterogeneous and dissected reservoirs. Despite the high development of equipment and technologies for oil production, the average oil recovery in Russia does not exceed 40%, therefore, more than half of the original geological oil reserves remain undeveloped. To increase oil recovery at the fields, it is necessary to take special measures to stimulate production and increase. oil recovery. As a result, an analysis of the applied technologies is required. In different periods of development of the Eldarovskoye field, problems arose and were solved related to complications in oil production. Currently, these complications are associated to a greater extent with the low productivity of the wells, as well as with the need for capital repairs. In the current situation, it is necessary to develop methods and techniques for the most efficient and energy-saving technologies for oil production with maximum recovery of hydrocarbon reserves.
GEOMETRIC INTERPRETATION OF INTRODUCTION OF HOMOGENEOUS PLANE COORDINATES
Authors: Буняева Е.В. , Вялкова О.С. , Графский О.А. , Ельцова В.Ю. , Пономарчук Ю.В. 
Published: February 2022

При выполнении расчетно-графических работ студентами направления 09.03.01 - Информатика и вычислительная техника (профиль подготовки - Системы автоматизированного проектирования) и направления 09.03.03 - Прикладная информатика (профиль подготовки - Прикладная информатика в дизайне), в матричных операциях приходится применять однородные координаты. Алгебраическое представление этих координат известно, но при решении геометрических задач, в которые входят композиции преобразований, а также моделирование сплайнов, предназначенных для интерполяции и аппроксимации, следует рассмотреть однородные координаты с геометрической позиции. Работа выполнена в рамках научных исследований по проблемам высшей школы на кафедре «Вычислительная техника и компьютерная графика».
When performing calculation and graphic work by students of the direction 09.03.01 - Informatics and computer engineering (training profile - Computer-aided design systems) and directions 09.03.03 - Applied computer science (training profile - Applied computer science in design), in matrix operations it is necessary to use uniform coordinates no misters. The algebraic representation of these coordinates is known, but when solving geometric problems that include transformation compositions, as well as modeling splines designed for interpolation and approximation, homogeneous coordinates with a geometric position should be considered. The work was carried out as part of scientific research on the problems of the Higher School at the Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Graphics.
Polymorphic variants of rs4712524 and rs6931514 in the CDKAL1 gene: association with the risk of developmentof type 2 diabetes mellitus in Russian population
Authors: Азарова Ю.Э. 
Published: February 2022

Научная статья посвящена изучению взаимосвязи между полиморфными локусами гена CDKAL1, кодирующего фермент метилтиотрансферазу, и риском развития сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД2) у 3206 неродственных индивидов – 1579 пациентов с СД2 и 1627 здоровых добровольцев. Впервые в русской популяции установлено, что носительство минорных аллелей однонуклеотидных вариантов rs4712524 (G > A) и rs6931514 (G > A) гена CDKAL1 ассоциировано с повышенным риском развития СД2 независимо от пола, возраста и индекса массы тела пациентов.
The scientific article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the polymorphic loci in the CDKAL1 gene encoding the methylthiotransferase enzyme and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in 3206 unrelated individuals – 1579 patients with T2D and 1627 healthy volunteers. It was established for the first time in the Russian population that carriage of minor alleles of single nucleotide variants rs4712524 (G > A) and rs6931514 (G > A) in the CDKAL1 gene is associated with increased risk of T2D, regardless of age, sex and body mass index of the patients.
Heavy metals in bottom sediments of the reservoirand soils of the city of Voronezh
Authors: Каверина Н.В. , Куролап С.А. , Прожорина Т.И. 
Published: February 2022

Загрязнение окружающей среды крупных промышленно развитых городов тяжелыми металлами стало актуальной мировой проблемой. Напряженная экологическая ситуация складывается практически во всех городах и крупных административных центрах.Проведенные исследования и расчеты позволили получить актуальную количественную характеристику и качественную оценку состояния почвенного покрова и донных отложений в г. Воронеже.
The pollution of the environment of large industrialized cities with heavy metals has become an urgent global problem. The tense ecological situation is developing in almost all cities and large administrative centers.The studies and calculations made it possible to obtain an actual quantitative characteristic and a qualitative assessment of the state of the soil cover and bottom sediments in Voronezh.