bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining X-ray emission of a magnetically arrested disk by radio-loud AGNs with an extreme-ultraviolet deficit
Authors: Li Shuang-Liang , Zhou Minhua , Gu Minfeng 
Published: July 2022

Aims. Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) deficit are suggested to be powered by a magnetically arrested disk (MAD) surrounding the black hole, where the slope of EUV spectra (αEUV) is found to possess a clearly positive relationship with the jet efficiency. In this work, we investigate the properties of X-ray emission in AGNs with an EUV deficit for the first time.
Methods. We constructed a sample of 15 objects with an EUV deficit to analyze their X-ray emission. The X-ray luminosity in 13 objects was recently processed by us, while the other two sources were gathered from archival data.
Results. It is found that the average X-ray flux of AGNs with an EUV deficit are 4.5 times larger than that of radio-quiet AGNs (RQAGNs), while the slope of the relationship between the optical-UV luminosity (LUV) and the X-ray luminosity (LX) is found to be similar with that of RQAGNs. For comparison, the average X-ray flux of radio-loud AGNs (RLAGNs) without an EUV deficit is about 2–3 times larger than that of RQAGNs. A strong positive correlation between αEUV and radio loudness (RUV) is also reported. However, there is no strong relationship between LX and the radio luminosity (LR).
Conclusions. Both the excess of X-ray emission of RLAGNs with an EUV deficit and the strong αEUV − RUV relationship can be qualitatively explained with the MAD scenario, which can help one to constrain the theoretical model of MAD.
Absolute dimensions and apsidal motion of the eclipsing binaries V889 Aquilae and V402 Lacertae
Authors: Baroch D. , Giménez A. , Morales J. C. , Ribas I. , Herrero E. , Perdelwitz V. , Jordi C. , Granzer T. , Allende Prieto C. 
Published: July 2022

Context. Double-lined eclipsing binaries allow the direct determination of masses and radii, which are key for testing stellar models. With the launch of the TESS mission, many well-known eclipsing binaries have been observed at higher photometric precision, permitting the improvement of the absolute dimension determinations.
Aims. Using TESS data and newly obtained spectroscopic observations, we aim to determine the masses and radii of the eccentric eclipsing binary systems V889 Aql and V402 Lac, together with their apsidal motion parameters.
Methods. We simultaneously modelled radial velocity curves and times of eclipse for each target to precisely determine the orbital parameters of the systems, which we used to analyse the light curves and then obtain their absolute dimensions. We compared the obtained values with those predicted by theoretical models.
Results. We determined masses and radii of the components of both systems with relative uncertainties lower than 2%. V889 Aql is composed of two stars with masses 2.17 ± 0.02 M⊙ and 2.13 ± 0.01 M⊙ and radii 1.87 ± 0.04 R⊙ and 1.85 ± 0.04 R⊙. We find conclusive evidence of the presence of a third body orbiting V889 Aql with a period of 67 yr. Based on the detected third light and the absence of signal in the spectra, we suggest that this third body could in turn be a binary composed of two ∼1.4 M⊙ stars. V402 Lac is composed of two stars with masses 2.80 ± 0.05 M⊙ and 2.78 ± 0.05 M⊙ and radii 2.38 ± 0.03 R⊙ and 2.36 ± 0.03 R⊙. The times of minimum light are compatible with the presence of a third body for this system too, although its period is not yet fully sampled. In both cases we have found a good agreement between the observed apsidal motion rates and the model predictions.
Language, gender, and patriarchy in Mulan: a diachronic analysis of a Disney Princess movie
Authors: Manaworapong Pimpatchanok , Bowen Neil Evan Jon Anthony 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMovies can implicitly promote social and ideological norms on a mass scale, making them powerful socialization agents, especially among children. However, Hollywood movies are no longer confined to the influence of American ideals, as media companies now have to consider the growing influence of markets such as China. With this in mind, this paper explores the portrayal of gender, power, and gendered roles across two versions of Disney’s Mulan (1998 and 2020). Specifically, it explores male-coded and female-coded characters’ talk for portrayals of gender and the enactment of assigned roles through conversational strategies and the content of talk. Findings indicate a subtle shift in the distribution of “dominant” discourse between the two versions, despite female-coded characters being framed as dutiful wives, brides-to-be, and/or mothers in both movies. Specifically, in Mulan 2020, male-coded characters are portrayed as more “feminine” through their talk, while female-coded characters—particularly Mulan and Xianniang—are portrayed as more “masculine”, further highlighting a recent trend for more nuanced portrayals of gender in Disney movies. Based on these results and others, the paper argues that the portrayal of gender in Mulan 2020, while still primarily associated with heteronormative roles in service of a patriarchal world, has undergone subtle changes that may reflect American and Chinese influences.
Discovery of superconducting quaternary Y–Ni–B–C system, T
c ∼ 12 K, and a brief review of superconducting and magnetic properties of RNi2B2C
Authors: Mazumdar Chandan , Gupta L C 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We give a brief account of the events that led to the discovery of the superconducting system Y–Ni–B–C. In short, several unique properties of the single phase quaternary materials RNi2B2C are briefly discussed, such as certain aspects of coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism in RNi2B2C, flux line lattices in RNi2B2C and the Kondo effect in YbNi2B2C.
Phase transition behavior of pure Fe cells for thermocouple calibration
Authors: Kim Yong-Gyoo , Kwon Suyong , Kim Sunghun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The fixed points adopted in the international temperature scale of 1990 have generally been used to calibrate contact thermometers, such as thermocouples, to get the highest accuracy. The fixed point for Pd is located at the upper limit range of the Pt/Rh noble metal thermocouple calibration. However, the high price of Pd itself restricts its wide use in calibration laboratories. To overcome this difficulty, this study develops an alternative fixed point having a close transition temperature to the Pd freezing temperature of 1554.8 °C. The alternative is pure Fe with a quoted melting temperature of 1538 °C. To make a thermometric cell, an alumina crucible was used to contain the molten liquid and it was found to be robust enough to last for more than 60 cycles of melting and freezing tests without any chemical and mechanical damage. Two cells were fabricated, and their melting and freezing behaviors were studied using type B thermocouples. By considering the advantage and disadvantages of melting and freezing, the melting temperature was selected as a thermometric transition point for the calibration of thermocouples because of its easy operational processes and acceptable uncertainty level. Using a reference thermocouple that had been calibrated versus a standard radiation thermometer, the average melting temperature of the two Fe cells was 1534.0 °C with an uncertainty of 1.2 °C (k = 2). From the studies, an Fe cell made in an alumina crucible can successfully replace the Pd fixed point.
Curiosity in exploring chemical spaces: intrinsic rewards for molecular reinforcement learning
Authors: Thiede Luca A , Krenn Mario , Nigam AkshatKumar , Aspuru-Guzik Alán 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Computer aided design of molecules has the potential to disrupt the field of drug and material discovery. Machine learning and deep learning in particular, made big strides in recent years and promises to greatly benefit computer aided methods. Reinforcement learning is a particularly promising approach since it enables de novo molecule design, that is molecular design, without providing any prior knowledge. However, the search space is vast, and therefore any reinforcement learning agent needs to perform efficient exploration. In this study, we examine three versions of intrinsic motivation to aid efficient exploration. The algorithms are adapted from intrinsic motivation in the literature that were developed in other settings, predominantly video games. We show that the curious agents finds better performing molecules on two of three benchmarks. This indicates an exciting new research direction for reinforcement learning agents that can explore the chemical space out of their own motivation. This has the potential to eventually lead to unexpected new molecular designs no human has thought about so far.
Environmental DNA analysis as an emerging non-destructive method for plant biodiversity monitoring: a review
Authors: Banerjee Pritam , Stewart Kathryn A , Dey Gobinda , Antognazza Caterina M , Sharma Raju Kumar , Maity Jyoti Prakash , Saha Santanu , Doi Hideyuki , de Vere Natasha , Chan Michael W Y , Lin Pin-Yun , Chao Hung-Chun , Chen Chien-Yen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has recently transformed and modernized biodiversity monitoring. The accurate detection, and to some extent quantification, of organisms (individuals/populations/communities) in environmental samples is galvanizing eDNA as a successful cost and time-efficient biomonitoring technique. Currently, eDNA’s application to plants remains more limited in implementation and scope compared to animals and microorganisms. This review evaluates the development of eDNA-based methods for (vascular) plants, comparing its performance and power of detection with that of traditional methods, to critically evaluate and advise best-practices needed to innovate plant biomonitoring. Recent advancements, standardization and field applications of eDNA-based methods have provided enough scope to utilize it in conservation biology for numerous organisms. Despite our review demonstrating only 13% of all eDNA studies focus on plant taxa to date, eDNA has considerable environmental DNA has considerable potential for plants, where successful detection of invasive, endangered and rare species, and community-level interpretations have provided proof-of-concept. Monitoring methods using eDNA were found to be equal or more effective than traditional methods; however, species detection increased when both methods were coupled. Additionally, eDNA methods were found to be effective in studying species interactions, community dynamics and even effects of anthropogenic pressure. Currently, elimination of potential obstacles (e.g. lack of relevant DNA reference libraries for plants) and the development of user-friendly protocols would greatly contribute to comprehensive eDNA-based plant monitoring programs. This is particularly needed in the data-depauperate tropics and for some plant groups (e.g., Bryophytes and Pteridophytes). We further advocate to coupling traditional methods with eDNA approaches, as the former is often cheaper and methodologically more straightforward, while the latter offers non-destructive approaches with increased discrimination ability. Furthermore, to make a global platform for eDNA, governmental and academic-industrial collaborations are essential to make eDNA surveys a broadly adopted and implemented, rapid, cost-effective and non-invasive plant monitoring approach.
High-Volume Colonic Lavage Is a Safe and Preferred Colonoscopy Preparation for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Gajera Amit , South Christopher , Cronley Kevin M , Ziebert John J , Wrigh Cynthia H , Levitan Orly , Burleson Dawn B , Johnson David A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Colonoscopies provide a crucial diagnostic and surveillance tool for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accordingly, IBD patients undergo repeated and frequent colonoscopies. The oral purgative bowel prep (BP) is often burdensome on patients, resulting in delayed or missed colonoscopies due to patient noncompliance. Additionally, oral BP has been noted to possibly induce colon mucosal inflammatory changes in some patients, which may be misleading when assessing actual disease activity.

Methods
In this retrospective clinical study, we evaluated the use of an FDA cleared, defecation-inducing high-volume colon irrigation (&gt;40 L) BP to prepare IBD patients for colonoscopy. Data were collected at 4 US Hygieacare centers from September 2016 to March 2021. The IBD patient population consisted of 314 patients that underwent 343 BPs. The BPs were prescribed by 65 physicians and performed by 16 nurses and technicians.

Results
Patient ages were 20–85 years old, 76% females, 24% males, and 97% of the patients were adequately prepared for their colonoscopy (n = 309). Patient satisfaction with the BP was very high, as reflected in postprocedure surveys and open-ended responses text analyses, and there were no serious adverse events.

Conclusions
We present data supporting that the defecation-inducing high-volume colon irrigation BP for colonoscopy is safe, effective, and preferred for IBD patients. Using this BP for IBD patients can allow earlier interventions, significantly impacting disease management and future outcomes.
Timing of Live Attenuated Vaccination in Infants Exposed to Infliximab or Adalimumabin Utero: A Prospective Cohort Study in 107 Children
Authors: Liu Zheng , Julsgaard Mette , Zhu Xiao , Martin Jennifer , Barclay Murray L , Cranswick Noel , Gibson Peter R , Gearry Richard B , van der Giessen Janine , Connor Susan J , Rosella Ourania , Grosen Anne , Toong Catherine , Flanagan Emma , Wieringa Jantien W , Janneke van der Woude C , Bell Sally J ,   The CARINA Study Group, Kanis Shannon , Fallingborg Jan , Hvas Christian L , Christensen Lisbet A , Connell William R , Brown Steven J , Kjeldsen Jens , Wildt Signe , Svenningsen Lise , Sparrow Miles P , Walsh Alissa , Radford-Smith Graham , Lawrance Ian C , Andrews Jane M , Ellard Kathrine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsFor infants exposed in utero to anti-tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF] medications, it is advised that live-attenuated vaccinations be postponed until the drug is cleared, but little is known about time to clearance. To minimize delays before live-attenuated vaccination can be given, we aimed to develop a pharmacokinetic model to predict time-to-clearance in infants exposed during pregnancy.MethodsWe prospectively followed in utero infliximab/adalimumab-exposed infants of mothers with inflammatory bowel disease across four countries between 2011 and 2018. Infants with a detectable anti-TNF umbilical-cord level and at least one other blood sample during the first year of life were included.ResultsOverall, 107 infants were enrolled, including 166 blood samples from 71 infliximab-exposed infants and 77 samples from 36 adalimumab-exposed infants. Anti-TNF was detectable in 23% [n = 25] of infants at 6 months. At 12 months, adalimumab was not detected but 4% [n = 3] had detectable infliximab. A Bayesian forecasting method was developed using a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Model validation showed that the predicted clearing time was in accordance with the measured observations. A clinician-friendly online calculator was developed for calculating full anti-TNF clearing time: https://xiaozhu.shinyapps.io/antiTNFcalculator2/.ConclusionsAlmost one-quarter of infants born to mothers receiving anti-TNF during pregnancy have detectable anti-TNF at 6 months. To limit the time to live-attenuated vaccination in infants of mothers receiving anti-TNF during pregnancy, the results of a cord drug level at birth and a second sample ≥ 1 month thereafter can be used to estimate the time for full anti-TNF clearance in these children.
Illuminating the need for a specific clinical care pathway for patients living with heart failure and identified as clinically frail.
Authors: Lehane M , Caples N , Wassell G 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background/Introduction
Against a background of increasing global population aging, frailty affects 8-10% of those over 65 years and 25-50% in those over 85 years. Frailty has a 4-6 times greater prevalence in heart failure patients and is increasingly recognised as a predictor of increasing hospitalisation and mortality in cardiovascular disease. The Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale estimates an individual’s degree of frailty on a scale of 1(very fit) to 9 (terminally ill) with a score of 5 or greater indicating frailty.

Purpose
To estimate the 30-day prevalence of frailty in patients attending an ANP-led Heart Failure Clinic as a precursor to developing a clinical care pathway that systematically identifies frailty and triggers a comprehensive geriatric assessment.

Methods
A multi-centre audit was conducted in three hospitals in Ireland. We retrospectively audited consecutive patients attending three ANP-led HF clinics in November 2021 to assess the prevalence of frailty. Demographic data, NYHA classification, number of hospital admissions in the previous year, clinical Frailty Score (CFS) and the number of patients under the care of a geriatrician was obtained from the medical notes of 170 heart failure patients consecutively reviewed. CFS was calculated in those patients over 65 years.

Results
Of 376 HF reviews in November 2021, 170 individual patients were identified, 65% were male, 86% were aged 65ys or older of which 34% were over 80 years and a mean age of 73.4 years. 52% of the cohort were admitted at least once in the previous year of which 12% were admitted twice and 5% were admitted 3-4 times. 37% were classified as NYHA III and 0.6% were NYHA IV. The majority (68%) were newly diagnosed with HF within the previous year. 14% of patients were aged under 65yrs and did not have a CFS, 19% were deemed vulnerable (CFS 4), 41% were CFS 5 or greater and only 5% were under the care of a geriatrician.

Conclusion(s)
The prevalence of frailty (41%) was high in comparison with the national average of 24% and global average of 17%. Despite a strong association between age, frailty and heart failure, few patients were managed by a geriatrician. This audit emphasises the importance of developing a regional clinical care pathway that promptly recognises frailty in a high-risk population and triggers a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Furthermore, this audit highlights the limitations of the CFS in demonstrating cognitive and social vulnerability provoking further discourse in how patients are assessed and managed in the future.
Gender-dependent compliance with therapeutic recommendations in patients with heart failure
Authors: Mlynarska A , Mlynarski R , Golba K S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Non-pharmacological therapies are one of the key elements in the treatment of heart failure. Those therapies are effective if the instructions are followed. Aim of this study was the assessment of whether gender influence the degree of compliance with therapeutic recommendations in elderly patients with heart failure.

Methods
180 patients (aged 72,77 ± 7,98) with heart failure recognized based on ESC criteria were included in the study. In all, capability for self-care of patients with HF were analyzed by using Polish version the nine-item European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale (EHFScBS-9). The complete results are obtained by adding up the number of points – the more the points, the worse is the capability for self-care. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the gender: 70,6% men and 29,4% women.

Results
A satisfactory or good level of the capability for self-care of patients with HF was found in 27,8% of the patients. More than 65% of the patients followed the recommendations for taking medication and 41,7% used a low-sodium diet, while only 5,5% of the patients followed the recommendations for physical exercise. The average value of the level of the capability for self-care of patients was 27,7 ± 5,25 points. Women significantly worse comply with the overall level of self-care (p=00441) and recommendations regarding among the following variables: "I weigh myself every day" (p=0,0342) and "I limit the amount of fluids" (p=0,0139). Exact results of EHFScBS-9 scale are presented in the table below.

Conclusion
Gender may be a factor in compliance with therapeutic recommendations. Women are less likely to follow therapeutic recommendations for heart failure.
How do Heart Failure Caregivers gain information and support for their role? The contribution of specialist nurses.
Authors: Schutz S E , Walthall H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Current evidence shows caregivers of people with Heart Failure are susceptible to a deterioration of their own health as a consequence of carrying a high degree of burden as a result of this role (McIlfatrick et al 2018, McHorney et al 2021). This level of burden appears to be a consequence of a limited understanding of heart failure symptoms and complex medication management, further perpetuated by being unsure of where to ask for help (Boyd et al 2004, Exley et al 2005).
The empirical evidence further suggests caregivers of people with Heart Failure experience a reduced quality of life, lack understanding of the Heart Failure trajectory (Etemadifar et al 2015, Fitzsimmons et al 2019), do not have adequate support networks (Shahrbabaki et al 2016) and require help and guidance with the care needs of the person with Heart Failure (Tavakoli et al 2018, Hayashi et al 2021).

Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore the support and information needs of caregivers of people with Heart Failure, in particular to explore the support provided by specialist Heart Failure Nurses.

Methods
A qualitative interview study was designed following the approach detailed by Brinkmann and Kvale (2015). A thematic analysis of the transcripts was conducted using the Braun and Clark’s Thematic Analysis approach (Braun and Clarke 2012). Coding of the interview transcripts was undertaken by two researchers (HW and SS), agreement reached and subsequent discussion and refinement by the Public/Patient Involvement (PPI) group of two heart failure nurse specialists and an ex-caregiver.

Results
Thematic analysis identified 4 themes: Taking on the role of caregiver; Getting to grips with being a caregiver; Impact on own health and wellbeing; Need for information and Support. This presentation will focus on the data that was a thread through each of the themes relating to the role of the Heart Failure Specialist Nurse in providing information and support. Whilst the specialist nurse was universally seen as informative and someone who actually valued caregiver input, consultants and general practitioners lacked consistency and failed to include the caregiver.

Conclusions
Caregivers in this study felt they were lacking information and knowledge about Heart Failure and consequently felt ill-equipped to deliver and manage care. Needs identified within our study reflect earlier work demonstrating the key role played by specialist nurses in supporting and informing caregivers of people with Heart Failure.