bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ultra-high-energy neutrino-nucleon cross section: measurement forecasts for an era of cosmic EeV-neutrino discovery
Authors: Valera Víctor B. , Bustamante Mauricio , Glaser Christian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeutrino interactions with protons and neutrons probe their deep structure and may reveal new physics. The higher the neutrino energy, the sharper the probe. So far, the neutrino-nucleon (νN) cross section is known across neutrino energies from a few hundred MeV to a few PeV. Soon, ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos, with energies above 100 PeV, could take us farther. So far, they have evaded discovery, but upcoming UHE neutrino telescopes endeavor to find them. We present the first detailed measurement forecasts of the UHEνNcross section, geared to IceCube-Gen2, one of the leading detectors under planning. We use state-of-the-art ingredients in every stage of our forecasts: in the UHE neutrino flux predictions, the neutrino propagation inside Earth, the emission of neutrino-induced radio signals in the detector, their propagation and detection, and the treatment of backgrounds. After 10 years, if at least a few tens of UHE neutrino-induced events are detected, IceCube-Gen2 could measure theνNcross section at center-of-mass energies of$$ \sqrt{s} $$s≈10–100 TeV for the first time, with a precision comparable to that of its theory prediction.
Spin impurities, Wilson lines and semiclassics
Authors: Cuomo Gabriel , Komargodski Zohar , Mezei Márk , Raviv-Moshe Avia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We consider line defects with large quantum numbers in conformal field theories. First, we consider spin impurities, both for a free scalar triplet and in the Wilson-Fisher O(3) model. For the free scalar triplet, we find a rich phase diagram that includes a perturbative fixed point, a new nonperturbative fixed point, and runaway regimes. To obtain these results, we develop a new semiclassical approach. For the Wilson-Fisher model, we propose an alternative description, which becomes weakly coupled in the large spin limit. This allows us to chart the phase diagram and obtain numerous rigorous predictions for large spin impurities in 2 + 1 dimensional magnets. Finally, we also study 1/2-BPS Wilson lines in large representations of the gauge group in rank-1 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theories. We contrast the results with the qualitative behavior of large spin impurities in magnets.
The muon g − 2 anomaly confronts new physics in e± and μ± final states scattering
Authors: Darmé Luc , di Cortona Giovanni Grilli , Nardi Enrico 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The 4.2σ discrepancy between the standard model prediction for the muon anomalous magnetic moment aμ and the experimental result is accompanied by other anomalies. A crucial input for the prediction is the hadronic vacuum polarization $$ {a}_{\mu}^{\mathrm{HVP}} $$

a
μ
HVP

inferred from σhad = σ(e+e−→ hadrons) data. However, the two most accurate determinations of σhad from KLOE and BaBar disagree by almost 3 σ. Additionally, the combined data-driven result disagrees with the most precise lattice determination of $$ {a}_{\mu}^{\mathrm{HVP}} $$

a
μ
HVP

by 2.1 σ. We show that all these discrepancies could be accounted for by a new boson produced resonantly around the KLOE centre of mass energy and decaying promptly yielding e+e− and μ+μ− pairs in the final states. This gives rise to three different effects: (i) the additional e+e− events will affect the KLOE luminosity determination based on measurements of the Bhabha cross section, and in turn the inferred value of σhad; (ii) the additional μ+μ− events will affect the determination of σhad via the (luminosity independent) measurement of the ratio of π+π−γ versus μ+μ−γ events; (iii) loops involving the new boson would contribute directly to the prediction for aμ. We discuss in detail this possibility, and we present a simple model that can reconcile the KLOE and BaBar results for σhad, the data-driven and the lattice determinations of $$ {a}_{\mu}^{\mathrm{HVP}} $$

a
μ
HVP

, the predicted and measured values of aμ, while complying with all phenomenological constraints.
Inhibition of visfatin alleviates sepsis-induced intestinal damage by inhibiting Hippo signaling pathway
Authors: Kuang Zhong-Shen , Leng Yu-Xin , Yang Ning , Li Zheng-Qian , Zong Ya-Nan , Han Deng-Yang , Li Yue , He Jin-Dan , Mi Xing-Ning , Cong Zhu-Kai , Zhu Xi , Wu Chang-Yi , Guo Xiang-Yang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study is to investigate role of Visfatin, one of the pro-inflammatory adipokines, in sepsis-induced intestinal injury and to clarify the potential mechanism.

Methods
C57BL/6 mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery to establish sepsis model in vivo. Intestinal epithelial cells were stimulated with LPS to mimic sepsis-induced intestinal injury in vitro. FK866 (the inhibitor of Visfatin) with or without XMU-MP-1 (the inhibitor of Hippo signaling) was applied for treatment. The expression levels of Visfatin, NF-κB and Hippo signaling pathways-related proteins were detected by western blot or immunohistochemistry. The intestinal cell apoptosis and intestinal injury were investigated by TUNEL staining and H&E staining, respectively. ELISA was used to determine the production of inflammatory cytokines.

Results
The expression of Visfatin increased in CLP mice. FK866 reduced intestinal pathological injury, inflammatory cytokines production, and intestinal cell apoptosis in sepsis mice. Meanwhile, FK866 affected NF-κB and Hippo signaling pathways. Additionally, the effects of FK866 on inflammatory response, apoptosis, Hippo signaling and NF-κB signaling were partly abolished by XMU-MP-1, the inhibitor of Hippo signaling. In vitro experiments also revealed that FK866 exhibited a protective role against LPS-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis in intestinal cells, as well as regulating NF-κB and Hippo signaling, whereas addition of XMU-MP-1 weakened the protective effects of FK866.

Conclusion
In short, this study demonstrated that inhibition of Visfatin might alleviate sepsis-induced intestinal injury through Hippo signaling pathway, supporting a further research on Visfatin as a therapeutic target.
The role of mental disorders in precision medicine for diabetes: a narrative review
Authors: Kremers Sanne H. M. , Wild Sarah H. , Elders Petra J. M. , Beulens Joline W. J. , Campbell David J. T. , Pouwer Frans , Lindekilde Nanna , de Wit Maartje , Lloyd Cathy , Rutters Femke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis narrative review aims to examine the value of addressing mental disorders as part of the care of people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in terms of four components of precision medicine. First, we review the empirical literature on the role of common mental disorders in the development and outcomes of diabetes (precision prevention and prognostics). We then review interventions that can address mental disorders in individuals with diabetes or at risk of diabetes (precision treatment) and highlight recent studies that have used novel methods to individualise interventions, in person and through applications, based on mental disorders. Additionally, we discuss the use of detailed assessment of mental disorders using, for example, mobile health technologies (precision monitoring). Finally, we discuss future directions in research and practice and challenges to addressing mental disorders as a factor in precision medicine for diabetes. This review shows that several mental disorders are associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and its complications, while there is suggestive evidence indicating that treating some mental disorders could contribute to the prevention of diabetes and improve diabetes outcomes. Using technologically enabled solutions to identify mental disorders could help individuals who stand to benefit from particular treatments. However, there are considerable gaps in knowledge and several challenges to be met before we can stratify treatment recommendations based on mental disorders. Overall, this review demonstrates that addressing mental disorders as a facet of precision medicine could have considerable value for routine diabetes care and has the potential to improve diabetes outcomes.
Graphical abstract
Occasional sexual reproduction significantly affects the population structure of the widespread, predominantly asexually reproducing marine worm Lineus sanguineus (Nemertea: Pilidiophora)
Authors: Sagorny Christina , von Döhren Jörn 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAsexual reproduction by fissiparity has only been described from very few of the approximately 1300 nemertean species that otherwise mainly reproduce sexually. The best studied fissiparous species,Lineus sanguineus(Rathke 1799), is a cosmopolitan heteronemertean species inhabiting intertidal habitats of temperate coasts. Although sexual reproduction has never been described, molecular data suggest that sexual reproduction substantially shapes the genetic structure of the investigated populations. In an attempt to clarify the extent of sexual reproduction, three gene fragments (COI, 16S, ITS) were sequenced for 108 specimens sampled in 8 European localities. The results of a phylogenetic analysis and haplotype network showed no clear distinction between different populations, thus indicating the presence of sexual reproduction. Furthermore, we provide circumstantial evidence for the presence of a comparably long-lived planktonic larval stage as present in the closest relatives ofL. sanguineus. To further understand the impact of abiotic factors on sexual reproduction and fissiparity, the effect of different temperature and illumination regimes on reproductive behavior and fragmentation was studied in specimens from a population from Bergen, Norway that share the same haplotype. Experimental setups represented summer (long light period and elevated temperature) and winter (short light and decreased temperature) conditions. Under winter conditions, a higher number of animals remained sexually mature and at least one specimen shed eggs on one occasion. Thus, although short light and/or low temperatures are most likely the influential factors on sexual maturity, the factors that influence fissiparity are less clear. The results of this study further solidify the cosmopolitan status ofL. sanguineusand clarify the population structuring of this species. In addition, the study provides first data on the dynamics of sexual and asexual reproduction modes on which future investigations will have to expand, especially regarding genetic and physiological aspects.
An overview of surgical techniques and non-surgical treatments in lifting the eyebrow including current treatments available
Authors: de Jongh Frank W. , Sanches Elijah E. , Pouwels Sjaak , Kooiman Laurens B. R. , Wehrens Kim M. E. , van Heerbeek Niels , Monstrey Stan J. , Tan Liang T. , Ingels Koen J. A. O. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe eyebrow is a complex structure of the human face, which has both functional (communication) and aesthetic aspects and contributes to a persons’ individual appearance. Ptosis of the eyebrow is a common condition, especially among the elderly and smokers. Facial appearance is disrupted by eyebrow ptosis, and in many cases, correction and treatment are needed. No specific type of browlift has been shown to be superior to another, and since there is a wide variation in treatment preference between patients, it requires an individual approach to each specific patient. This review provides an overview of the history of the browlift, non-surgical treatment and current surgical techniques available.Level of evidence: Not ratable.
European Society of Paediatric Radiology Artificial Intelligence taskforce: a new taskforce for the digital age
Authors: Laborie Lene Bjerke , Naidoo Jaishree , Pace Erika , Ciet Pierluigi , Eade Christine , Wagner Matthias W. , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. , Shelmerdine Susan C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new task force dedicated to artificial intelligence (AI) with respect to paediatric radiology was created in 2021 at the International Paediatric Radiology (IPR) meeting in Rome, Italy (a joint society meeting by the European Society of Pediatric Radiology [ESPR] and the Society for Pediatric Radiology [SPR]). The concept of a separate task force dedicated to AI was borne from an ESPR-led international survey of health care professionals’ opinions, expectations and concerns regarding AI integration within children’s imaging departments. In this survey, the majority (> 80%) of ESPR respondents supported the creation of a task force and helped define our key objectives. These include providing educational content about AI relevant for paediatric radiologists, brainstorming ideas for future projects and collaborating on AI-related studies with respect to collating data sets, de-identifying images and engaging in multi-case, multi-reader studies. This manuscript outlines the starting point of the ESPR AI task force and where we wish to go.
Appearance or attitude: what matters to craniosynostosis patients? Association of self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and facial aesthetics in patients with sagittal and metopic synostosis
Authors: Svalina Anja , Heikura Emma , Savolainen Tuula , Serlo Willy , Sinikumpu Juha-Jaakko , Silvola Anna-Sofia , Salokorpi Niina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of depressive symptoms and self-esteem, and their association with facial asymmetry in adults who were operated on in early childhood due to metopic and sagittal craniosynostosis.

Methods
The study population consisted of 49 non-syndromic patients of whom 41 had premature fusion of the sagittal and 8 of metopic suture. There were 64 controls from the Finnish National Register. Self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and subjective satisfaction with one’s appearance were evaluated by using the Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire (RSE), the short form of Beck Depression Inventory (R-BDI), and a purpose-designed questionnaire on satisfaction with facial and overall appearance. Aesthetic evaluation was done from standard photographs using panels. The facial symmetry was calculated by using 3D photogrammetric methods.

Results
Patients did not have a lower self-esteem or experience significantly more moderate or severe depressive symptoms. However, 20% of the patients and 6% of the controls (p = 0.041) experienced mild depressive symptoms. There was no difference between self-assessed evaluation of appearance between the groups. Only weak correlation was found between facial asymmetry and RSE or R-BDI results (cc = 0.27–0.42, p < 0.05). The self-assessed evaluation of facial and overall appearance correlated strongly with the R-BDI results.

Conclusion
Non-syndromic craniosynostosis patients are as satisfied with their appearance in adulthood as the control group and do not experience a lower self-esteem or more depressive symptoms. Facial asymmetry does not correlate with low self-esteem or clinically significant depressive symptoms in adulthood. Subjective evaluation of one’s appearance correlated with depressive symptoms. Age and gender do not influence the former results. Overall, patients are satisfied with their appearance.
Healthcare consumption among subjects with otitis media undergoing middle ear surgery—analysis of cost drivers
Authors: Lewis Aaran T. , Backous Douglas , Choi Byung Yoon , Jaramillo Rafael , Kong Kelvin , Lenarz Thomas , Ray Jaydip , Thakar Alok , Järbrink Krister , Hol Myrthe K. S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To map healthcare utilized by subjects with chronic otitis media, with or without cholesteatoma and perform a cost analysis to determine key drivers of healthcare expenditure.

Methods
A registry study of 656 adult subjects with chronic otitis media that underwent a middle ear surgery between 2014 and 2018. Healthcare contacts related to all publicly funded specialist ENT care, audiological care and primary care for a disease of the ear and mastoid process were extracted. The data are extracted from the Swedish National Patient Registry on subjects that reside in western Sweden.

Results
Subjects made 13,782 healthcare contacts at a total cost 61.1 million SEK (6.0 million EUR) between 2014 and 2018. The mean cost per subject was 93,075 SEK (9071 EUR) and ranged between 3971 SEK (387 EUR) and 468,711 SEK (45,683 EUR) per individual. In the most expensive quartile of subjects, mean cost was 192,353 SEK (18,747 EUR) over the 5-year period. These subjects made 3227 ENT contacts (roughly four each year) and 60% of total costs were associated with in-patient ENT care.

Conclusion
Patients with chronic otitis media are associated with high ENT resource utilization that does not diminish after surgical intervention and the disease places a long-term burden on healthcare systems. Significant costs are attributed to revision surgeries, indicating that these patients could be managed more effectively. In many such cases, reoperation cannot be avoided, especially due to recurrence of cholesteatoma. However, in some patients, when the indication for subsequent surgery is only hearing improvement, alternative options, such as hearing aids or implants, should also be considered. This is especially true in difficult cases, where revision ossiculoplasty is likely.
Management of patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy treated with intravenous corticosteroids and/or orbital decompression surgery
Authors: Rezar-Dreindl Sandra , Papp Andrea , Baumann Arnulf , Neumayer Thomas , Eibenberger Katharina , Stifter Eva , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the characteristics and long-term outcomes of adult patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) who underwent orbital decompression surgery and/or received intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone.

Methods
Retrospective chart review of 98 eyes of 49 patients who were diagnosed and treated with bilateral DON between 2007 and 2018 at the Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Medical University of Vienna.

Results
The mean follow-up period was 4.1 ± 2.7 years. The most common presenting symptoms were eyelid and periorbital swelling (45%) representing active inflammation. Upgaze restriction was the most common clinical finding (73%). At time of diagnosis, the mean clinical activity score was 4 ± 1/4 ± 1 (right/left eye, respectively). Sixty-three percent (31/49) of the patients were treated both with IV methylprednisolone and underwent orbital decompression surgery, 22% (11/49) were treated with IV methylprednisolone alone and 14% (7/49) underwent surgical decompression only. Seventy-one percent (30/42) of the patients underwent 3-wall decompression. The mean reduction of proptosis in patients treated with both IV methylprednisolone and orbital decompression surgery was 4/5 mm. Mean of reduction in proptosis in patients receiving IV methylprednisolone only was 1/0 mm and in patients with surgical decompression only was 5/5 mm. Mean VA was 0.1 ± 0.5/0.1 ± 0.5 logMAR at baseline and 0.05 ± 0.7/0.05 ± 0.7 at final follow-up. In 92% (45/49), VA was preserved or improved at final follow-up.

Conclusions
The majority of patients with DON were treated both with IV corticosteroids and 3-wall decompression surgery. Vision could be successfully preserved in most cases and reduction of proptosis was achieved, especially after orbital decompression surgery.
Local full-thickness excision for sessile adenoma and cT1-2 rectal cancer: long-term oncological outcome
Authors: Gascon Maria A. , Aguilella Vicente , Martinez Tomas , Antinolfi Luigi , Valencia Javier , Ramírez Jose M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We analyzed all patients who underwent local transanal surgery at our institution to determine oncological outcomes and perioperative risk.

Methods
In 1997, we developed a prospective protocol for rectal tumors: transanal local full-thickness excision was considered curative in patients with benign adenoma and early cancers. In this analysis, 404 patients were included. To analyze survival, only those patients exposed to the risk of dying for at least 5 years were considered for the study.

Results
The final pathological analysis revealed that 262 (64.8%) patients had benign lesions, whereas 142 had malignant lesions. Postoperative complications were recorded in 12.6%. At the median time of 21 months, 14% of the adenomas and 12% of cancers had recurred, half of which were surgically resected. The overall 5-year survival rate was 94%.

Conclusion
With similar outcomes and significantly lower morbidity, we found local surgery to be an adequate alternative to radical surgery in selected cases of early rectal cancer.
Role of glucocorticoid receptor mutations in hypertension and adrenal gland hyperplasia
Authors: Verouti Sophia , Hummler Edith , Vanderriele Paul-Emmanuel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of premature death in humans and exhibits a complex aetiology including environmental and genetic factors. Mutations within the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) can cause glucocorticoid resistance, which is characterized by several clinical features like hypercortisolism, hypokalaemia, adrenal hyperplasia and hypertension. Altered glucocorticoid receptor signalling further affects sodium and potassium homeostasis as well as blood pressure regulation and cell proliferation and differentiation that influence organ development and function. In salt-sensitive hypertension, excessive renal salt transport and sympathetic nervous system stimulation may occur simultaneously, and, thus, both the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and the GR-signalling may be implicated or even act interdependently. This review focuses on identified GR mutations in human primary generalized glucocorticoid resistance (PGGR) patients and their related clinical phenotype with specific emphasis on adrenal gland hyperplasia and hypertension. We compare these findings to mouse and rat mutants harbouring genetically engineered mutations to further dissect the cause and/or the consequence of clinical features which are common or different.
Comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) writers, erasers, and readers in endometrial cancer
Authors: Ralser Damian J. , Condic Mateja , Klümper Niklas , Ellinger Jörg , Staerk Christian , Egger Eva K. , Kristiansen Glen , Mustea Alexander , Thiesler Thore 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most frequent type of messenger RNA (mRNA) modification and is implicated in diverse physiological processes. The procedure of m6A RNA modification is regulated by a dynamic interaction of writers (METTL3, METTL4, METTL14, WTAP, KIAA1429), erasers (FTO, ALKBH5), and readers (HNRNPA2B1, HNRNPC, YTHDC1, YTHDC1, YTHDF1-3). In the oncological context, alterations in m6A were identified to be critically involved in tumorigenesis, proliferation, angiogenesis, and drug resistance across diverse cancer entities including endometrial cancer (EC).

Methods
In this study, we comprehensively examined the protein expression of m6A writers, readers and erasers by immunohistochemical staining in a cohort of N = 65 EC patients. Protein expression data were analyzed with regard to clinical outcomes.

Results
We identified enhanced protein expression levels of METTL3, METTL14, FTO, HNRNPA2B1, and HNRNPC, respectively to be of prognostic value and linked to a shortened overall survival in EC.

Conclusion
Overall, our study points toward dysregulated m6A modification in EC and its possibility to serve as a promising prognostic biomarker.