bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences between soil and air temperatures: Implications for geological reconstructions of past climate
Authors: Molnar Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmong quantities of interest in paleoclimate, the mean annual air temperature, Ta, directly over the surface looms prominently. Most geologic estimates of past temperatures from continental regions, however, quantify temperatures of the soil or other material below the surface, Ts, and in general Ta &lt; Ts. Both theory and data from the FLUXNET2015 data set of surface energy balance indicate systematic dependences of temperature differences ΔT = Ts − Ta and also of Bowen ratios—ratios of sensible to latent heat fluxes from surface to the atmosphere—on the nature of the land-surface cover. In cold regions, with mean annual temperatures ≲5 °C, latent heat flux tends to be small, and values of ΔT can be large, 3–5 °C or larger. Over wet surfaces, latent heat fluxes dominate sensible heat fluxes, and values of both ΔT and Bowen ratios commonly are small. By contrast, over arid surfaces that provide only limited moisture to the overlying atmosphere, the opposite holds. Both theory and observation suggest the following, albeit approximate, mean annual values of ΔT: for wetlands, 1 °C; forests, 1 ± 1 °C; shrublands, 3–4 °C; savannas, 3.5 °C &lt; ΔT &lt; 5.5 °C; grasslands, 1 °C where wet to 3 °C where arid; and deserts, 4–6 °C. As geological tools for inferring past land-surface conditions improve, these approximate values of ΔT will allow geologic estimates of past mean annual surface temperatures, Ts, to be translated into estimates of past mean annual air temperatures, Ta.
Strong lensing systems and galaxy cluster observations as probe to the cosmic distance duality relation
Authors: Holanda R. F. L. , Lima F. S. , Rana Akshay , Jain Deepak 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we use large scale structure observations to test the redshift dependence of cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR),$$D_\mathrm{L}(1+z)^{-2}/D_\mathrm{A}=\eta (z)$$DL(1+z)-2/DA=η(z), with$$D_\mathrm{L}$$DLand$$D_\mathrm{A}$$DA, being the luminosity and angular diameter distances, respectively. In order to perform the test, the following data set are considered: strong lensing systems and galaxy cluster measurements (gas mass fractions). No specific cosmological model is adopted, only a flat universe is assumed. By considering two$$\eta (z)$$η(z)parametrizations, It is observed that the CDDR remain redshift independent within$$1.5\sigma $$1.5σwhich is in full agreement with other recent tests involving cosmological data. It is worth to comment that our results are independent of the baryon budget of galaxy clusters.
Identification of circRNA Expression Profiles in BMSCs from Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Model
Authors: Chen Zhipeng , Lin Wei , Zhao Shengli , Mo Xiaoyi , Wen Zhenxing , Cheung Wing Hoi , Fu Dan , Chen Bailing 
Published: February 2022

Background. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) contribute to the regulation of many diseases. However, little is known about the role of circRNAs in the development of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). The present study is aimed at systematically characterizing the circRNA expression profiles in GIOP and predict the potential functions of the associated regulatory networks. Methods. A small animal GIOP model was developed in Sprague-Dawley rats given daily intraperitoneal doses of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Micro-CT and bone histomorphometry were performed to characterize the bone loss. Alizarin red S (ARS) staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed to determine the osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs. RNA sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed circRNAs in BMSCs between the GIOP and normal groups, which were validated by qRT-PCR. siRNA interference experiments were used to demonstrate their function. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to predict the functions of differentially expressed circRNAs. The microRNA (miRNA) targets of the circRNAs and circRNA-miRNA interactions were predicted. Results. Micro-CT and bone histomorphometry confirmed the rat GIOP model. Both ARS intensity and ALP activity were decreased in GIOP BMSCs. Seventeen circRNAs were identified by

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2.0

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0.05

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discovery

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, of which 7 were upregulated and 10 were downregulated. The qRT-PCR results of the selected circRNAs were consistent with the RNA-seq results and showed that circARSB and circAKT3 were significantly upregulated, while circPTEN and circTRPM7 were downregulated in the GIOP group. Further functional experiments found that downregulation of circARSB and circPTEN expression resulted in a corresponding change in osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that circARSB negatively, while circPTEN positively, regulates BMSC osteogenic differentiation. Analysis of circRNA-targeted miRNAs predicted that miR-135a-5p was associated with circARSB and circAKT3, and miR-881-3p was associated with circPTEN and circTRPM7. Furthermore, the signalling pathways associated with these differentially expressed circRNAs were predicted. Conclusions. The present study identified circARSB, circAKT3, circPTEN, and circTRPM7 as being associated with osteogenic differentiation during GIOP through a circRNA-targeted miRNA-mRNA axis, which might provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanism of GIOP.
Clinical Significance of PIK3CA and ESR1 Mutations in Circulating Tumor DNA: Analysis from the MONARCH 2 Study of Abemaciclib plus Fulvestrant
Authors: Tolaney Sara M. , Toi Masakazu , Neven Patrick , Sohn Joohyuk , Grischke Eva-Maria , Llombart-Cussac Antonio , Soliman Hatem , Wang Hong , Wijayawardana Sameera , Jansen Valerie M. , Litchfield Lacey M. , Sledge George W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
PIK3CA and ESR1 mutations have been implicated in resistance to endocrine therapy (ET) in HR+, HER2− advanced breast cancer (ABC). Inhibition of CDK4 and 6 has been hypothesized as a therapeutic strategy to overcome endocrine resistance in patients with PIK3CA- or ESR1-mutant breast cancers. The objective of this exploratory analysis was to assess efficacy of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant in patients with or without PIK3CA or ESR1 mutations in MONARCH 2.

Patients and Methods:
MONARCH 2 was a global, randomized, double-blind phase III trial of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant in 669 women with HR+, HER2− ABC, which had progressed on ET. Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive abemaciclib plus fulvestrant or placebo plus fulvestrant. Exploratory analyses assessed progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and other endpoints, in patients with or without PIK3CA or ESR1 mutations detectable in baseline ctDNA.

Results:
From the MONARCH 2 population, 219 and 248 patient samples were successfully analyzed for either PIK3CA or ESR1 mutations, respectively. Abemaciclib plus fulvestrant improved PFS compared with placebo plus fulvestrant in both PIK3CA-wild-type (median 16.9 months vs. 12.3 months; HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.33–0.78) and PIK3CA-mutant subgroups (median 17.1 months vs. 5.7 months; HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33–0.84), as well as both ESR1-wild-type (median 15.3 months vs. 11.2 months; HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.27–0.71) and ESR1-mutant subgroups (median 20.7 months vs. 13.1 months; HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 5.7–16.9). Additional endpoints, including OS, were also improved following treatment with abemaciclib plus fulvestrant regardless of PIK3CA or ESR1 mutation status.

Conclusions:
Abemaciclib plus fulvestrant was effective regardless of PIK3CA or ESR1 mutation status, with benefit in both PFS and OS, with a numerically greater improvement in median PFS relative to placebo plus fulvestrant for PIK3CA- or ESR1-mutant tumors compared with the respective wild-type subgroups, in women with HR+, HER2− ABC that had progressed on ET.
Análise da prescrição informatizada, em duas clínicas de um hospital universitário
Authors: Freire Claudia Câmara , Gimenes Fernanda Raphael Escobar , Cassiani Silvia Helena Bortoli 
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: identificar e analisar a redação da prescrição eletrônica, num Hospital Universitário, do Interior do Estado de São Paulo, e propor sugestões para melhorar o sistema. Modelo do estudo: Estudo avaliatório. Local do estudo : O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas clínicas do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP, utilizando-se, como objeto de análise, as prescrições na forma eletrônica. População e amostra- Foram analisadas 390 prescrições da Clínica de Ortopedia e 535 prescrições da Clínica Médica, que corresponderam a todas as prescrições avaliadas em 30 dias, não consecutivos. Resultados: Do total de 925 prescrições avaliadas nas duas clínicas, 112 (12,1%) apresentaram rasuras, 129 (13,9%) apresentavam medicamentos suspensos, manualmente ou digitalmente, 261 (28,2%) apresentavam informações que deixavam dúvidas nos profissionais, dentre outros.
Determinismo e Indeterminismo na física moderna: estudos históricos e sistemáticos do problema da causalidade (Prefácio e Capítulo 1)
Authors: Cassirer Ernst , Azevedo Júnior Ivânio Lopes de , Santos Cysne Guilherme 
Published: February 2022

Tradução de Cassirer, E. (2009). Prefácio e Capítulo 1. In: Determinismus und Indeterminismus in der modernen Physik: Historische und systematische Studien zum Kausalproblem, Gesammelte Werke Hamburger Ausgabe. Editado por Birgit Recki, Band 19. Texto e notas de Claus Rosenkranz. (pp. 3-18). Hambourg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 2009.
Traduzido por: Ivânio Lopes de Azevedo Júnior (Universidade Federal do Cariri) e Guilherme Santos Cysne (Universidade Federal do Ceará)
Precedido por: Idealismo e ciência sob uma perspectiva neokantiana.Apresentação à tradução do Prefácio e Capítulo I de “Determinismo e Indeterminismo na Física Moderna” de Ernst Cassirer, por Ivânio Lopes de Azevedo Júnior e Guilherme Santos Cysne
Central Asia Under Brussels’ and Moscow’s Eyes
Authors: Gerrits Andre W.M. , Klijn Hugo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
While the Central Asian states try to balance their foreign policy options and to develop ‘multi-vector’ strategies, the region is tilting eastwards, especially towards China. What does this imply for two other external powers in the region: Russia and the European Union? This article reflects on the future prospects for the EU to play a role of significance in Central Asia and for Russia to manage its position as the region’s former overlord. The uninterrupted continuity of authoritarianism in Central Asia suggests that the EU has exerted only a very limited influence in the region, while the interests of Russia and the local regimes seem to run in parallel. Yet we see both external powers adapting their strategies in part to the changed (geo)political situation in the region. In this article we interpret these changes and draw tentative conclusions about what they may mean for the future of the Central Asian countries, especially where the perceived contradiction between security and human rights is concerned.
The Epidemiology of Necrotizing Fasciitis at a Rural Level 1 Trauma Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McGee Shayan A. , Barnum Michael , Nesbit Robert D. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non‐COVID-19 pathologies has been experienced worldwide. While people appropriately avoided social interactions, many also avoided essential medical care for acute and chronic conditions. This delay in seeking care has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in several conditions, including life-threatening infections such as necrotizing fasciitis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients that presented to the University of Vermont Medical Center for necrotizing fasciitis during the 1-year period following the declaration of a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. We subsequently compared this data with that of the previous 4 years. Results During the period of March 12, 2020 to March 12, 2021, there were 17 cases of newly diagnosed necrotizing fasciitis. Compared with an average per year of 8 cases over the previous 4 years, this represents a 113% percent increase in cases of necrotizing fasciitis during the study period ( P = .071861). Out of the 17 cases, 4 patients died during their admission, producing a case-fatality rate of 23.5%. This represents a statistically significant increase from previous years ( P = .003248), where the average case-fatality rate was 6.3%. Conclusion Our study demonstrates a substantial increase in cases of necrotizing fasciitis following the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. A significant increase in the case-fatality rate was also observed. Given the growing body of literature describing the negative impact of the pandemic on non-COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, our study posits necrotizing fasciitis as one of many affected pathologies. Level of Evidence Level IV. Epidemiological
Impact of COVID-19 Stay-At-Home Restrictions on Falls in One Community of High-Risk Older Adults
Authors: McIntyre Cecily C. , Prichett Laura , McNabney Matthew K. 
Published: February 2022

Aim: To examine the relationship between falls among high-risk older adults at one Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) and the COVID-19 closure of its Day Health Center (DHC), which provides participants with social and rehabilitative services and contributes to their weekly physical activity. Methods: Self-reported falls during the 3 months before the DHC’s closure (“pre–COVID-19”) were compared in number and in character to falls during its closure (“COVID-19”). Results: One thirty five participants were enrolled during the entire 6-month period; 37% ( n = 50) fell during this time. These participants experienced fewer falls during COVID-19 (mean = 0.64) than they did pre–COVID-19 (mean=1.24, p = .0003). Conclusions: In this population of high-risk, community-dwelling older adults, an abrupt reduction in activity levels may have reduced falls. Physical activity has been shown to both increase and protect against falls in older adults. The long-term consequences of a comparably prolonged period of inactivity merit further study.
Increases in drug overdose deaths in Norway and the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Friedman Joseph , Gjersing Linn 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Little international comparative work exists describing pandemic-related spikes in overdose and related implications for drug and public health policy. We compared increases in overdose deaths during the pandemic in Norway and the United States, two countries in the top 10 for per-capita overdose mortality, yet with very different approaches to the pandemic, healthcare and drug policy. Methods: We examined monthly overdoses in 2020 versus baseline rates (the monthly average across 2017–2019). We compared excess overdose mortality to shifts in human mobility and social interaction, measured using cellphone-based mobility data, an indicator of the societal response to the pandemic. Results: Both the US and Norway saw large magnitude exacerbations in overdose mortality during the pandemic-related lockdowns, reaching 46.8% and 57.0% above baseline, respectively. Maximum increases occurred 2–3 months after peak reductions in mobility, suggesting lagged mechanisms. While overdose mortality returned to baseline relatively quickly in Norway, rates remained elevated in the US to the end of 2020. Conclusions: Spikes in overdose mortality in both contexts may relate to disruptions in healthcare access and the drug supply becoming more potent. Norway’s quicker return to baseline may reflect more robust access to harm reduction and addiction-related healthcare services. Nevertheless, it is notable that even in Norway – with universal access to high-quality services, low COVID-19 rates, and a highly effective public health infrastructure – a greater than 50% spike in overdose deaths was still seen at the onset of lockdown measures. This may have important implications for future pandemic and disaster planning.
Mapping sociodemographic and geographical differences in human papillomavirus non-vaccination among young girls in Sweden
Authors: Wemrell Maria , Vicente Raquel Perez , Merlo Juan 
Published: February 2022

Aims: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination plays a key role in the prevention of cervical cancer. Yet, disparities in HPV vaccination in Sweden have persisted. Previous research on such disparities has typically focused on singular sociodemographic variables and measures of average risk. Using a multi-categorical approach and drawing on intersectionality theory, this study aimed to provide a more precise mapping of HPV non-vaccination among girls in different sociodemographic groups and geographical areas in Sweden during 2013–2020. Methods: Using nationwide register data, we conducted a multi-categorical analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy complemented by a multilevel geographical analysis. We mapped HPV non-vaccination prevalence across 54 strata defined by parental income, education and country of birth, and urban versus rural place of residence. We also disentangled municipal and regional influences on HPV non-vaccination. Results: HPV non-vaccination was more common in groups with a low income, a low education and an immigration background, whereas among those with an immigration background, the association between income, education and HPV non-vaccination was more complex. Geographical differences were found between municipalities. However, the discriminatory accuracy of the sociodemographic and geographical groups was weak, and 50% of the non-vaccination cases were observed in eight strata, of which some are among those with low risk. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of universal yet tailored approaches, including providing adequate information about HPV vaccination in Swedish and other languages, and of health-care professionals displaying sensitivity to patients’ and parents’ questions or needs.
Lenticulostriate artery length and middle cerebral artery plaque as predictors of early neurological deterioration in single subcortical infarction
Authors: Yan Yuying , Jiang Shuai , Yang Tang , Yuan Ye , Wang Changyi , Deng Qiao , Wu Tao , Tang Lu , Wu Simiao , Sun Jiayu , Wu Bo 
Published: February 2022

Background: Early neurological deterioration (END) is not a rare phenomenon in single subcortical infarction (SSI; traditionally known as lacunar infarction) patients. Predictors of END in SSI patients are uncertain. Aims: We aimed to investigate the association between infarct lesion characteristics, penetrating artery morphology, carrier artery plaque features and END using whole-brain vessel-wall imaging. Methods: We prospectively collected data from SSI patients without stenosis of the corresponding carrier artery. The infarct lesion size and location, lenticulostriate artery (LSA) morphological characteristics, and features of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) plaques involving M1 segment adjacent to LSA origin on the symptomatic side were compared between patients with or without END. Results: A total of 74 participants were enrolled, of whom 23 cases (31.1%) showed END. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and axial maximal diameter of infarct lesion revealed that the patients with MCA plaques adjacent to the LSA origin were more likely to develop END (odds ratio (OR) = 3.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21–12.33), while with longer average length of LSAs were less likely to occur END (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.05–0.92). Conclusion: MCA plaques located adjacent to the LSA origin and average length of LSAs on the symptomatic side were independent predictors of END in SSI patients. This finding might provide new insights into the mechanisms of the neurological progression in SSI and facilitate therapeutic interventions.
May the Symptomatic Subtalar Joint Be Conservatively Treated With Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid Injections After a Calcaneus Fracture?
Authors: Mansur Henrique , Maranho Daniel Augusto , de Castro Junior Isnar Moreira , Gomes Fernanda Ferreira 
Published: February 2022

Background Subtalar pain following intra-articular calcaneus fractures may be associated with disability, pain, and a negative impact on the quality of life. Salvage procedures as subtalar fusion are associated with further consequences as stiffness, altered ankle biomechanics, and adjacent articular overloading with degenerative changes. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the short-term effects of viscosupplementation with intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) on function and pain, in patients with painful subtalar joint after calcaneus fracture. Methods We searched for patients who underwent osteosynthesis of intra-articular calcaneus fracture between January 2011 and July 2015 and were diagnosed during the follow-up with pain and subtalar osteoarthritis. Between January and December of 2018, 13 patients (50 ± 10 years) accepted to participate in this study and received intra-articular HA injections. Three consecutive doses of 20 mg of HA were administered within a week interval, through anterolateral injections into the subtalar joint. We prospectively evaluated the function using the ankle/hindfoot American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score (AOFAS) and level of pain using the visual analog scale (VAS) before the intervention and 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the first injection. Results Hindfoot function improved with an increase of AOFAS from 55 ± 19 before the intervention to 88 ± 20 at the 24th week ( P = .001). Similarly, we observed relief of pain during the 24 weeks following intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection, with a decrease in VAS from 8.3 ± 1.3 before treatment to 2.2 ± 3.0 at the 24th week ( P = .001). Conclusion For patients experiencing pain and dysfunction with subtalar osteoarthritis after intra-articular calcaneus fracture, viscosupplementation with intra-articular HA may be associated with improvement in function and pain in the short term. Furthermore, patients with higher grades of osteoarthritis may have limited benefit in pain relief and function improvement. Level of evidence: IV, Case series
The effect of valproic acid on SLC5A8 expression in gonad-intact and gonadectomized rat thymocytes
Authors: Juknevičienė Milda , Balnytė Ingrida , Valančiūtė Angelija , Stanevičiūtė Jūratė , Sužiedėlis Kęstutis , Stakišaitis Donatas 
Published: February 2022

Background Valproic acid (VPA) pharmacological mechanisms are related to the anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. VPA is a histone deacetylases inhibitor and serves a role in its immunomodulatory impacts. VPA has complex effects on immune cell’s mitochondrial metabolism. The SLC5A8 transporter of short fatty acids has an active role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism. The study aimed to investigate whether SLC5A8 expresses the sex-related difference and how SLC5A8 expression depends on gonadal hormones, VPA treatment, and NKCC1 expression in rat thymocytes. Methods Control groups and VPA-treated gonad-intact and gonadectomized Wistar male and female rats were investigated ( n = 6 in a group). The VPA 300 mg/kg/day in drinking water was given for 4 weeks. The SLC5A8 ( Slc5a8 gene) and NKCC1 ( Slc12a2 gene) RNA expressions were determined by the RT-PCR method. Results The higher Slc5a8 expression was found in the gonad-intact males than respective females ( p = 0.004). VPA treatment decreased the Slc5a8 expression in gonad-intact and castrated males ( p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively), and increased in gonad-intact female rats compared to their control ( p = 0.03). No significant difference in the Slc5a8 expression between the ovariectomized female control and VPA-treated females was determined ( p > 0.05). VPA treatment alters the correlation between Slc 5a8 and Slc12a2 gene expression in thymocytes of gonad-intact rats. Conclusion VPA effect on the Slc5a8 expression in rat thymocytes is gender- and gonadal hormone-dependent.