bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informal caregivers' perceptions of oral care and their association with the use of oral health services: A cross‐sectional study among informal caregivers and their care recipients
Authors: Holmavuo Karoliina , Suominen Anna Liisa , Lammintakanen Johanna , Nykänen Irma , Välimäki Tarja , Koponen Sohvi , Savela Roosa‐Maria , Schwab Ursula 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to describe informal caregivers' perceptions of the importance of oral care and investigate the association between these perceptions and the use of oral health services during the past year.BackgroundThere is limited research on informal caregivers' perceptions of oral care. These perceptions presumably influence oral self‐care along with caregivers' and care recipients' use of oral health services.Materials and MethodsBaseline data from the multidisciplinary Lifestyle, Nutrition, and Oral health in caregivers (LENTO) intervention study were analyzed. Informal caregivers (n = 125) and care recipients (n = 120) 65 years of age and living in Eastern Finland participated in the study. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews.ResultsA majority (81%) of the informal caregivers considered oral care very important. Informal caregivers who considered oral care very important had 10 or more years of education, and considered service fees reasonable were more likely to have visited oral health services during the past year than other caregivers. No association between informal caregivers' perceptions of oral care and care recipients' use of oral health services during the past year was observed.ConclusionsThe study provides insight into informal caregivers' perceptions of oral care, with most informal caregivers considering oral care to be very important. Our findings support what has been reported in previous studies in that favorable perceptions of oral care are associated with oral health service visits. This association, however, did not hold true for care recipients' use of services.
Evaluating the performance of temporal and spatial early warning statistics of algal blooms
Authors: Buelo C. D. , Pace M. L. , Carpenter S. R. , Stanley E. H. , Ortiz D. A. , Ha D. T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRegime shifts have large consequences for ecosystems and the services they provide. However, understanding the potential for, causes of, proximity to, and thresholds for regime shifts in nearly all settings is difficult. Generic statistical indicators of resilience have been proposed and studied in a wide range of ecosystems as a method to detect when regime shifts are becoming more likely without direct knowledge of underlying system dynamics or thresholds. These early warning statistics (EWS) have been studied separately but there have been few examples that directly compare temporal and spatial EWS in ecosystem‐scale empirical data. To test these methods, we collected high‐frequency time series and high‐resolution spatial data during a whole‐lake fertilization experiment while also monitoring an adjacent reference lake. We calculated two common EWS, standard deviation and autocorrelation, in both time series and spatial data to evaluate their performance prior to the resulting algal bloom. We also applied the quickest detection method to generate binary alarms of resilience change from temporal EWS. One temporal EWS, rolling window standard deviation, provided advanced warning in most variables prior to the bloom, showing trends and between‐lake patterns consistent with theory. In contrast, temporal autocorrelation and both measures of spatial EWS (spatial SD, Moran's  I) provided little or no warning. By compiling time series data from this and past experiments with and without nutrient additions, we were able to evaluate temporal EWS performance for both constant and changing resilience conditions. True positive alarm rates were 2.5–8.3 times higher for rolling window standard deviation when a lake was being pushed towards a bloom than the rate of false positives when it was not. For rolling window autocorrelation, alarm rates were much lower and no variable had a higher true positive than false positive alarm rate. Our findings suggest temporal EWS provide advanced warning of algal blooms and that this approach could help managers prepare for and/or minimize negative bloom impacts.
Mechanistic support for increased primary production around artificial reefs
Authors: Esquivel Kenzo E. , Hesselbarth Maximilian H. K. , Allgeier Jacob E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding factors controlling primary production is fundamental for the protection, management, and restoration of ecosystems. Tropical seagrass ecosystems are among the most productive ecosystems worldwide, yielding tremendous services for society. Yet they are also among the most impaired from anthropogenic stressors, prompting calls for ecosystem‐based restoration approaches. Artificial reefs (ARs) are commonly applied in coastal marine ecosystems to rebuild failing fisheries and have recently gained attention for their potential to promote carbon sequestration. Nutrient hotspots formed via excretion from aggregating fishes have been empirically shown to enhance local primary production around ARs in seagrass systems. Yet, if and how increased local production affects primary production at ecosystem scale remains unclear, and empirical tests are challenging. We used a spatially explicit individual‐based simulation model that combined a data‐rich single‐nutrient primary production model for seagrass and bioenergetics models for fish to test how aggregating fish on ARs affect seagrass primary production at patch and ecosystem scales. Specifically, we tested how the aggregation of fish alters (i) ecosystem seagrass primary production at varying fish densities and levels of ambient nutrient availability and (ii) the spatial distribution of seagrass primary production. Comparing model ecosystems with equivalent nutrient levels, we found that when fish aggregate around ARs, ecosystem‐scale primary production is enhanced synergistically. This synergistic increase in production was caused by nonlinear dynamics associated with nutrient uptake and biomass allocation that enhances aboveground primary production more than belowground production. Seagrass production increased near the AR and decreased in areas away from the AR, despite marginal reductions in seagrass biomass at the ecosystem level. Our simulation's findings that ARs can increase ecosystem production provide novel support for ARs in seagrass ecosystems as an effective means to promote (i) fishery restoration (increased primary production can increase energy input to the food web) and (ii) carbon sequestration, via higher rates of primary production. Although our model represents a simplified, closed seagrass system without complex trophic interactions, it nonetheless provides an important first step in quantifying ecosystem‐level implications of ARs as a tool for ecological restoration.
The effect of temperament and character on body dissatisfaction in women with bulimia nervosa: The role of low self‐esteem and depression
Authors: Jones Hannah , McIntosh Virginia V.W. , Britt Eileen , Carter Janet D. , Jordan Jennifer , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveAlthough personality traits have been found to be associated with body dissatisfaction for women in the general population, little research has explored these associations for people with eating disorders. Furthermore, it is unknown whether these associations are direct or are mediated by other factors. In this cross‐sectional study, secondary analyses of data from two clinical trials were conducted to determine which personality dimensions contributed to body dissatisfaction in women with bulimia nervosa, and whether low self‐esteem and depression mediate these associations independently or in serial.MethodParticipants were 193 women with bulimia nervosa. Participants completed self‐report measures of temperament and character, body dissatisfaction, low self‐esteem, and depression before receiving treatment for their eating disorder.ResultsThe temperament dimension, harm avoidance, contributed significantly to body dissatisfaction. Serial mediation analyses showed this association was fully mediated, revealing two significant indirect effects. The first was through low self‐esteem and the second through depression and low self‐esteem in serial.ConclusionsFindings suggest body dissatisfaction in women with bulimia nervosa may be indirectly targeted through addressing harm avoidance, depression and low self‐esteem.
Intestinal virome in patients with alcohol use disorder and after abstinence
Authors: Hsu Cynthia L. , Zhang Xinlian , Jiang Lu , Lang Sonja , Hartmann Phillipp , Pride David , Fouts Derrick E. , Stärkel Peter , Schnabl Bernd 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Alcohol use is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and changes in the microbiome associated with alcohol use contribute to patients’ risk for liver disease progression. Less is known about the effects of alcohol use on the intestinal viral microbiome (virome) and interactions between bacteriophages and their target bacteria. We studied changes in the intestinal virome of 62 clinically well‐characterized patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) during active alcohol use and after 2 weeks of alcohol abstinence, by extracting virus‐like particles and performing metagenomic sequencing. We observed decreased abundance of Propionibacterium, Lactobacillus, and Leuconostoc phages in patients with active AUD when compared with controls, whereas after 2 weeks of alcohol abstinence, patients with AUD demonstrated an increase in the abundance of Propionibacterium, Lactobacillus, and Leuconostoc phages. The intestinal virome signature was also significantly different in patients with AUD with progressive liver disease, with increased abundance of phages targeting Enterobacteria and Lactococcus species phages compared with patients with AUD with nonprogressive liver disease. By performing moderation analyses, we found that progressive liver disease is associated with changes in interactions between some bacteriophages and their respective target bacteria. In summary, active alcohol use and alcohol‐associated progressive liver disease are associated with changes in the fecal virome, some of which are partially reversible after a short period of abstinence. Progression of alcohol‐associated liver disease is associated with changes in bacteriophage–bacteria interactions.
HBsAg isoform dynamics during NAP‐based therapy of HBeAg‐negative chronic HBV and HBV/HDV infection
Authors: Bazinet Michel , Anderson Mark , Pântea Victor , Placinta Gheorghe , Moscalu Iurie , Cebotarescu Valentin , Cojuhari Lilia , Jimbei Pavlina , Iarovoi Liviu , Smesnoi Valentina , Musteata Tatina , Jucov Alina , Dittmer Ulf , Gersch Jeff , Holzmayer Vera , Kuhns Mary , Cloherty Gavin , Vaillant Andrew 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Nucleic acid polymers block the assembly of hepatitis B virus (HBV) subviral particles, effectively preventing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) replenishment in the circulation. Nucleic acid polymer (NAP)–based combination therapy of HBV infection or HBV/hepatitis D virus (HDV) co‐infection is accompanied by HBsAg clearance and seroconversion, HDV‐RNA clearance in co‐infection, and persistent functional cure of HBV (HBsAg < 0.05 IU/ml, HBV‐DNA target not dected, normal alanine aminotransferase) and persistent clearance of HDV RNA. An analysis of HBsAg isoform changes during quantitative HBsAg declines (qHBsAg), and subsequent treatment‐free follow‐up in the REP 301/REP 301‐LTF (HBV/HDV) and REP 401 (HBV) studies was conducted. HBsAg isoforms were analyzed from frozen serum samples using Abbott Research Use Only assays for HBsAg isoforms (large [L], medium [M], and total [T]). The relative change over time in small HBsAg relative to the other isoforms was inferred by the change in the ratio over time of T‐HBsAg to M‐HBsAg. HBsAg isoform declines followed qHBsAg declines in all participants. No HBsAg isoforms were detectable in any participants with functional cure. HBsAg declines > 2 log10 IU/ml from baseline were correlated with selective clearance of S‐HBsAg in 39 of 42 participants. Selective S‐HBsAg decline was absent in 9 of 10 participants with HBsAg decline < 2 log10 IU/ml from baseline. Mild qHBsAg rebound during follow‐up <10 IU/ml consisted mostly of S‐HBsAg and M‐HBsAg and not accompanied by significant covalently closed circular DNA activity. Conclusion: The faster observed declines in S‐HBsAg indicate the selective clearance of subviral particles from the circulation, consistent with previous mechanistic studies on NAPs. Trace HBsAg rebound in the absence of HBV DNA may reflect HBsAg derived from integrated HBV DNA and not rebound of viral infection.
Perspective: Pivotal translational hematology and therapeutic insights in chronic myeloid hematopoietic stem cell malignancies
Authors: Mughal Tariq I. , Pemmaraju Naveen , Bejar Rafael , Gale Robert P. , Bose Prithviraj , Kiladjian Jean‐Jacques , Prchal Josef , Royston Daniel , Pollyea Daniel , Valent Peter , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Skorski Tomasz , Patnaik Mrinal , Santini Valeria , Fenaux Pierre , Kucine Nicole , Verstovsek Srdan , Mesa Ruben , Barbui Tiziano , Saglio Guiseppe , Van Etten Richard A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite much of the past 2 years being engulfed by the devastating consequences of the SAR‐CoV‐2 pandemic, significant progress, even breathtaking, occurred in the field of chronic myeloid malignancies. Some of this was show‐cased at the 15th Post‐American Society of Hematology (ASH) and the 25th John Goldman workshops on myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) held on 9th‐10th December 2020 and 7th‐10th October 2021, respectively. The inaugural Post‐ASH MPN workshop was set out in 2006 by John Goldman (deceased) and Tariq Mughal to answer emerging translational hematology and therapeutics of patients with these malignancies. Rather than present a resume of the discussions, this perspective focuses on some of the pivotal translational hematology and therapeutic insights in these diseases.
Patient Satisfaction with Quality of Primary Care Health services‐findings from India
Authors: Persai Divya , Balu Ravi Kumar , Singh Kalpana , Prabhu Rajath R. , Lahoti Supriya , Rout Sarit , Panda Rajmohan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatient satisfaction is an essential indicator for measuring the quality of care. This study assessed patients' satisfaction with primary care services across different public health care system levels.MethodsThe study was a cross‐sectional study conducted across three states in India. We adopted a multi‐stage stratified random sampling technique to select the districts(n‐13) and facilities (n‐55). A total of 4650 patients' exit interviews were conducted. Linear regression and analysis of variance was used to test the association. Analyses was performed using Stata software (version 15.0).ResultsPatients visiting the primary facilities were more satisfied within the different domains of quality indicators that is, technical, communication, safety and cleanliness, and cost of services. The highest differences were observed on behaviour of other staff (Reg Coefficient 4.1 ± 0.8) and cleanliness of the ward (Reg Coefficient 4.0 ± 0.9). Significant negative association was observed in patient's satisfaction in the state of Kerala with an increase in age and education level.ConclusionOur study suggests higher satisfaction at primary care facilities as compared to secondary and tertiary level facilities in the three states. Development of standardized tool and specific research on patient experience and its relation to the quality of care is needed in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
The channel‐source hypothesis: Empirical evidence forin‐channelsourcing of dissolved organic carbon to explain hysteresis in a headwater mountain stream
Authors: Wondzell Steven M. , Ward Adam S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCatchment hydrologists have long puzzled over the question: How can catchments rapidly generate storm flows and pulses of solutes in response to storm events? Conceptual models viewing catchments as composed of discrete source areas generating flow at unique time scales and with unique chemical characteristics have been used to explain the observed changes in flow and water chemistry. Surprisingly, those conceptual models usually do not treat the stream channel as one of the potential source areas. Here, we propose thechannel‐source hypothesisin which the stream itself should be considered as a potential source with the same rigour as other contributing areas. We pose this in the spirit of the scientific use of the word: a hypothesis is not a proven idea but rather a provisional supposition serving as the basis for further study. We suggest that the channel should be considered as a potential source for dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Channels store substantial amounts of organic matter, and stream ecologists have long studied stream carbon cycling. From those studies, we know that leaching and decomposition can generate DOC from particulate organic carbon (POC). Further, POC is stored in channel ‘dead‐zones’—regions of low flow velocity ‐ that can be activated as flow velocity increases, thus releasing accumulated DOC during storms. All catchments are different; there is no reason to assume that channel sources are always important, in every catchment, in every storm. Thus, the channel‐source hypothesis does not replace existing conceptual models. Instead, it adds another potential mechanism that may explain DOC dynamics observed in streams. The channel‐source hypothesis has substantial implications for catchment studies examining sources of DOC in stream water or using DOC as a tracer to determine the locations of, and proportional contributions of, different source areas for streamflow generation.
C‐reactive protein trajectories and the risk of all cancer types: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Tong , Zhang Qingsong , Song Chunhua , Siyin Sarah Tan , Chen Shuohua , Zhang Qi , Song Mengmeng , Cao Liying , Shi Hanping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA single CRP measurement is insufficient to examine the association of long‐term patterns of CRP concentration with cancer risk. We prospectively examined the relationship between CRP trajectory patterns and new‐onset cancers among 52 276 participants. Latent mixture modeling was used to identify CRP trajectories. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between CRP trajectory patterns and the risk of overall and specific‐site cancer. Four CRP trajectories patterns were identified: low‐stable pattern (n = 43 258), moderate‐increasing pattern (n = 2591), increasing‐decreasing pattern (n = 2068) and elevated‐decreasing pattern (n = 4359). Relative to the low‐stable pattern, the moderate‐increasing trajectory pattern was associated with an elevated risk of overall, lung, breast, leukemia, bladder, stomach, colorectal, liver, gallbladder or extrahepatic bile duct cancer and leukemia. Participants in the increasing‐decreasing trajectory pattern were associated with an elevated risk of overall, lung, breast, bladder, pancreatic and liver cancer. The increasing‐decreasing trajectory pattern was also associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer in the multivariate analyses. Elevated‐decreasing trajectory pattern was associated with increased risk of leukemia and decreased risk of esophageal and colorectal cancer. CRP trajectories play an important role in the occurrence of cancers, especially in the lung, breast, bladder, stomach, colorectal, liver, gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct cancer and leukemia.
Fracture risk assessment and evaluation of femoroplasty in metastatic proximal femurs. An in vivo CT‐based finite element study
Authors: Sas Amelie , Tanck Esther , Wafa Hazem , van der Linden Yvette , Sermon An , van Lenthe G. Harry 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe goal of this study was twofold. First, we aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a finite element (FE) model to predict bone fracture in cancer patients with proximal femoral bone metastases. Second, we evaluated whether femoroplasty could effectively reduce fracture risk. A total of 89 patients were included, with 101 proximal femurs affected with bone metastases. The accuracy of the model to predict fracture was evaluated by comparing the FE failure load, normalized for body weight, against the actual occurrence of fracture during a 6‐month follow‐up. Using a critical threshold, the model could identify whether femurs underwent fracture with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 66%. A virtual treatment with femoroplasty was simulated in a subset of 34 out of the 101 femurs; only femurs with one or more well‐defined lytic lesions were considered eligible for femoroplasty. We modeled their lesions, as well as the surrounding 4 mm of trabecular bone, to be augmented with bone cement. The simulation of femoroplasty increased the median failure load of the FE model by 57% for lesions located in the head/neck of the femur. At this lesion location, all high risk femurs that had fractured during follow‐up effectively moved from a failure load below the critical threshold to a value above. For lesions located in the trochanteric region, no definite improvement in failure load was found. Although additional validation studies are required, our results suggest that femoroplasty can effectively reduce fracture risk for several osteolytic lesions in the femoral head/neck.
Dose effect of high‐docosahexaenoic acid tuna oil on dysbiosis in high‐fat diet mice
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yi Congmin , Han Jiaojiao , Ming Tinghong , Zhou Jun , Lu Chenyang , Li Ye , Wang Zhonghua , Su Xiurong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe health benefits of tuna oil, which is different from the fish oil commonly studied, and its higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content, have attracted much scientific attention in recent years. In this study, prepared tuna oil with higher DHA (HDTO) content was employed. It was the first to integrate microbiome and metabolome from a dose‐effect perspective to investigate the influence of HDTO on gut dysbiosis and metabolic disorders in diet‐induced obese mice.RESULTSHigher DHA tuna oil was effective in reversing high‐fat‐diet‐induced metabolic disorders and altering the composition and function of gut microbiota, but these effects were not uniformly dose dependent. The flora and metabolites that were targeted to be regulated by HDTO supplementation were Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Olsenella, glycine, l‐aspartate, l‐serine, l‐valine, l‐isoleucine, l‐threonine, l‐tyrosine, glyceric acid, glycerol, butanedioic acid, and citrate, respectively. Functional pathway analysis revealed that alterations in these metabolic biomarkers were associated with six main metabolic pathways: glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; glycerolipid metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis, and the citrate cycle (TCA cycle).CONCLUSIONVarious doses of HDTO could attenuate endogenous disorders to varying degrees by regulating multiple perturbed pathways to the normal state. This explicit dose research for novel fish oil with high‐DHA will provide a valuable reference for those seeking to exploit its clinical therapeutic potential. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.