bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Koproduktion Grüner Infrastruktur: Erfahrungen aus dem Grünzug Östliches Emschertal
Authors: Timpe Axel , Christenn Katharina 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungLebensmittelproduktion, Ökosystemleistungen, Freizeitangebot – Grünzüge sind Lebensgrundlage, Erholungsraum und Grüne Infrastruktur. Sie stellen ein wertvolles Gemeinschaftsgut dar, stehen aber durch angespannte kommunale Haushalte sowie durch soziale und demografische Transformation vor Herausforderungen. Um Grünzüge zu sichern und zu gestalten, sind Kommunen auf die Zusammenarbeit mit der lokalen Wirtschaft, insbesondere der Landwirtschaft als wichtigstem Landnutzer, und der zivilgesellschaftlich organisierten Bürgerschaft angewiesen. Koproduktion überwindet die klassische Arbeitsteilung zwischen Produzierenden und Konsumierenden: Beide arbeiten gemeinsam an der Herstellung und der Nutzung Grüner Infrastruktur. Das Forschungsprojekt CoProGrün hat am Beispiel des Grünzugs Östliches Emschertal untersucht, wie Grüne Infrastruktur durch die Einbindung dieser Akteure nachhaltig ausgerichtet, langfristig gesichert und attraktiv gestaltet werden kann.
Bürger- und Akteursbeteiligung im ländlichen Raum
Authors: Knobloch Vanessa 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungMobilitäts- und Nahversorgungsvorhaben im ländlichen Raum verfolgen das Ziel, die Teilhabe der Bevölkerung am täglichen Leben zu verbessern. An solchen Vorhaben können verschiedenste Akteure beteiligt sein. Dieser Beitrag reflektiert Formate der Bürger- und Akteursbeteiligung, die im Projekt iMONA erprobt wurden. Ziel des Projekts war es, Lösungsansätze für alternative Mobilitäts- und Nahversorgungslösungen mit den Anforderungen der Bürger*innen abzustimmen sowie politische und fachliche Akteure mitverantwortlich in das Vorhaben einzubinden.
Aktivierung endogener und exogener Potenziale – Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen aus einem Beteiligungsprozess
Authors: Schäfer Ernst , Scheele Ulrich 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDas im Rahmen des Kommunen-Innovativ-Programms geförderte Verbundvorhaben „Wat nu?“ befasst sich am Beispiel von ausgewählten niedersächsischen Kommunen mit der Frage, wie das bei den lokalen Akteuren und in den diversen Netzwerken vorhandene System- und Transformationswissen genutzt werden kann, um in einem kollaborativen Prozess adäquate Handlungsoptionen im Umgang mit den Folgen des demografischen Wandels zu entwickeln und zu erproben. Das Vorhaben greift dabei auf den Ansatz des Reallabors zurück, in dem unterschiedliche Akteure aus dem wirtschaftlichen, wissenschaftlichen und politisch-zivilgesellschaftlichen Bereich mit Bürger*innen zusammenarbeiten und nach Lösungen suchen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die unterschiedlichen partizipativen Methoden beschrieben, mit denen das endogene und exogene Potenzial der Region aktiviert werden kann.
Offene Daten und offene Verwaltungsdaten – Öffnung von Datenbeständen
Authors: von Lucke Jörn , Gollasch Katja 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungOffene Daten und insbesondere offene Verwaltungsdaten bilden für gelebte Transparenz in Politik und Verwaltung eine wesentliche Grundlage. Im dritten Abschnitt werden daher Begriffsabgrenzungen vorgenommen und Anwendungsgebiete vorgestellt. Im Fokus stehen dabei große Datenbestände, Datenräume, Datenkataloge und Datenportale des öffentlichen Sektors. Ergänzend werden die Potenziale von datenwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen vorgestellt.
Bürgerbeteiligung 2.0
Authors: von Lucke Jörn , Gollasch Katja 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungBürger stellen in einem offenem Regierungs- und Verwaltungshandeln wesentliche Akteure dar. In diesem Abschnitt wird thematisiert, wie die Einbindung der Zivilgesellschaft auch durch digitale Ansätze gelingen kann. Ausgehend von der theoretischen Annäherung an die Entscheidungsfindung von Politik und Verwaltung werden verschiedene Formen politischer Partizipation vorgestellt und auf Ansätze wie E-Partizipation, Bürgerbeteiligung in Echtzeit sowie durch die Unterstützung von künstlicher Intelligenz eingegangen.
Aktivitäten Deutschlands in der Open Government Partnership
Authors: von Lucke Jörn , Gollasch Katja 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungWie wird Open Government eigentlich auf internationaler Ebene angegangen? Ein wesentlicher Akteur ist hier die Open Government Partnership (OGP). Diese Organisation hat es sich zum Ziel gesetzt, Vorhaben im Bereich des offenen Regierungs- und Verwaltungshandelns weltweit zu fördern und sichtbar zu machen. Die mittlerweile 78 Mitgliedsstaaten erstellen dafür in zweijährigen Zyklen nationale Aktionspläne (NAP) mit konkreten Selbstverpflichtungen. Deutschland ist seit 2016 Mitglied der Partnerschaft und hat bereits drei NAP erfolgreich auf den Weg gebracht. Das folgende Kapitel stellt die Open Government Partnership vor und gibt einen Einblick in das Engagement Deutschlands im Rahmen der OGP.
WNT and NOTCH signaling in human trophoblast development and differentiation
Authors: Dietrich Bianca , Haider Sandra , Meinhardt Gudrun , Pollheimer Jürgen , Knöfler Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCorrect development of the human placenta and its differentiated epithelial cells, syncytial trophoblasts (STBs) and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), is crucial for a successful pregnancy outcome. STBs develop by cell fusion of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) in placental floating villi, whereas migratory EVTs originate from specialized villi anchoring to the maternal decidua. Defects in trophoblast differentiation have been associated with severe pregnancy disorders such as early-onset preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. However, the evolutionary pathways underlying normal and adverse placentation are poorly understood. Herein, we discuss Wingless (WNT) and NOTCH signaling, two pathways that play pivotal roles in human placenta and trophoblast development. Whereas WNT is necessary for expansion of trophoblast progenitors and stem cells, NOTCH1 is required for proliferation and survival of EVT precursors. Differentiation of the latter is orchestrated by a switch in NOTCH receptor expression as well as by changes in WNT ligands and their downstream effectors.
Oligometastasis in breast cancer—current status and treatment options from a radiation oncology perspective
Authors: Piroth Marc D. , Krug David , Feyer Petra , Baumann René , Combs Stephanie , Duma Marciana-Nona , Dunst Jürgen , Fastner Gerd , Fietkau Rainer , Guckenberger Matthias , Haase Wulf , Harms Wolfgang , Hehr Thomas , Sedlmayer Felix , Souchon Rainer , Strnad V. , Budach Wilfried 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEvidence from a few small randomized trials and retrospective cohorts mostly including various tumor entities indicates a prolongation of disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) from local ablative therapies in oligometastatic disease (OMD). However, it is still unclear which patients benefit most from this approach. We give an overview of the several aspects of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in extracranial OMD in breast cancer from a radiation oncology perspective. A PubMed search referring to this was conducted. An attempt was made to relate the therapeutic efficacy of SBRT to various prognostic factors. Data from approximately 500 breast cancer patients treated with SBRT for OMD in mostly in small cohort studies have been published, consistently indicating high local tumor control rates and favorable progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Predictors for a good prognosis after SBRT are favorable biological subtype (hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative), solitary metastasis, bone-only metastasis, and long metastasis-free interval. However, definitive proof that SBRT in OMD breast cancer prolongs DFS or OS is lacking, since, with the exception of one small randomized trial (n = 22 in the SBRT arm), none of the cohort studies had an adequate control group. Further studies are needed to prove the benefit of SBRT in OMD breast cancer and to define adequate selection criteria. Currently, the use of local ablative SBRT should always be discussed in a multidisciplinary tumor board.
A Note on Perfect Correctness by Derandomization
Authors: Bitansky Nir , Vaikuntanathan Vinod 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe show a general compiler that transforms a large class of erroneous cryptographic schemes (such as public-key encryption, indistinguishability obfuscation, and secure multiparty computation schemes) into perfectly correct ones. The transformation works for schemes that arecorrect on all inputs with probability noticeably larger than half, and are secure under parallel repetition. We assume the existence of one-way functions and of functions with deterministic (uniform) time complexity$$2^{O(n)}$$2O(n)and non-deterministic circuit complexity$$2^{\Omega (n)}$$2Ω(n). Our transformation complements previous results that showed how public-key encryption and indistinguishability obfuscation that err on a noticeable fraction of inputs can be turned into ones thatfor all inputsare often correct, showing that they can be made perfectly correct. The technique relies on the idea of “reverse randomization” [Naor, Crypto 1989] and on Nisan–Wigderson style derandomization, previously used in cryptography to remove interaction from witness-indistinguishable proofs and commitment schemes [Barak, Ong and Vadhan, Crypto 2003].
Determination of trace elements in placenta by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry: effects of sampling and sample preparation
Authors: Hauser Sebastian , Andres Sophia , Leopold Kerstin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlacental elemental composition can serve as an indicator for neonatal health. Medical studies aiming at revealing such cause-and-effect relationships or studies monitoring potential environmental influences consist of large sample series to ensure statistically sufficient data. Several analytical techniques have been used to study trace metals in human placenta. However, most techniques require provision of clear liquid sample solutions and therefore time- and reagent-consuming total digestion of biological tissue is necessary. In total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF)—a straightforward multielement analytical technique—in contrast suspensions of minute sample amounts can be analyzed directly. Therefore, herein we report on a valid method to prepare homogenous sample suspensions for sustainable and fast TXRF analysis of large sample series. The optimized method requires only 10 mg of powdered placental tissue and 1 mL nitric acid. Suspensions are readily prepared within 30 min and the found mass fractions of major, minor, and trace elements are in good agreement in comparison to analysis of digests. In addition, possible effects on fixation time and the exact sampling location, i.e., maternal vs. fetal side of the placenta, were studied applying this method. Thereby, significant differences for fetal placenta tissue compared to maternal or intermediate tissue were observed revealing accumulation of trace elements in the fetal side of the placenta. Furthermore, considerable depletion of up to 60% mass fraction with longer fixation duration occurred in particular in fetal placenta tissue. These findings help to understand the large ranges of mass fraction of elements in placenta reported in the literature and at the same time indicate the necessity for more systematic investigation of non-homogenous elements distributed in placenta taking sampling and stabilization methods into account.
Graphical Abstract
The Thermodynamic Stability of Membrane Proteins in Micelles and Lipid Bilayers Investigated with the Ferrichrom Receptor FhuA
Authors: Pocanschi Cosmin L. , Kleinschmidt Jörg H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExtraction of integral membrane proteins into detergents for structural and functional studies often leads to a strong loss in protein stability. The impact of the lipid bilayer on the thermodynamic stability of an integral membrane protein in comparison to its solubilized form in detergent was examined and compared for FhuA from Escherichia coli and for a mutant, FhuAΔ5-160, lacking the N-terminal cork domain. Urea-induced unfolding was monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy to determine the effective free energies $$ \Delta G{^\text{o}_{\rm u}} $$

Δ
G

u
o

of unfolding. To obtain enthalpic and entropic contributions of unfolding of FhuA, $$ \Delta G{^\text{o}_{\rm u}} $$

Δ
G

u
o

﻿were determined at various temperatures. When solubilized in LDAO detergent, wt-FhuA and FhuAΔ5-160 unfolded in a single step. The 155-residue cork domain stabilized wt-FhuA by $$ \Delta\Delta G{^\text{o}_{\rm u}} $$

Δ
Δ
G

u
o

﻿~ 40 kJ/mol. Reconstituted into lipid bilayers, wt-FhuA unfolded in two steps, while FhuAΔ5-160 unfolded in a single step, indicating an uncoupled unfolding of the cork domain. For FhuAΔ5-160 at 35 °C, $$ \Delta G{^\text{o}_{\rm u}} $$

Δ
G

u
o

increased from ~ 5 kJ/mol in LDAO micelles to about ~ 20 kJ/mol in lipid bilayers, while the temperature of unfolding increased from TM ~ 49 °C in LDAO micelles to TM ~ 75 °C in lipid bilayers. Enthalpies $$\Delta H{_{\rm M}^\text{o}}$$

Δ
H

M

o

﻿were much larger than free energies $$ \Delta G{^\text{o}_{\rm u}} $$

Δ
G

u
o

﻿, for FhuAΔ5-160 and for wt-FhuA, and compensated by a large gain of entropy upon unfolding. The gain in conformational entropy is expected to be similar for unfolding of FhuA from micelles or bilayers. The strongly increased TM and $$\Delta H{_{\rm M}^\text{o}}$$

Δ
H

M

o

observed for the lipid bilayer-reconstituted FhuA in comparison to the LDAO-solubilized forms, therefore, very likely arise from a much-increased solvation entropy of FhuA in bilayers.
Graphical abstract
Comparison of the Analgesic Efficacy of Opioid‐Sparing Multimodal Analgesia and Morphine‐Based Patient‐Controlled Analgesia in Minimally Invasive Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yeo Jinseok , Park Jun Seok , Choi Gyu‐Seog , Kim Hye Jin , Kim Jay Kyoung , Oh Jinyoung , Park Soo Yeun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundA multimodal analgesia (MMA) protocol has shown the effect of postoperative pain control and reduced the postoperative opioid consumption. However, it was questionable whether MMA could replace opioid‐based patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) for postoperative pain control. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether an MMA protocol is non‐inferior to opioid‐based PCA for pain management after a minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery.MethodsA randomized, open‐label, non‐inferiority clinical trial was conducted on patients undergoing laparoscopic or robotic resection of colorectal cancer. The patients were randomly assigned to either the PCA or MMA group. The MMA protocol included pregabalin, tramadol, wound infiltration, and transversus abdominis plane block. The primary outcome was the numeric rating scale (NRS) score for pain at rest 24 h postoperatively.ResultsNinety‐seven patients were included in the intention‐to‐treat analysis. The mean difference in NRS score at rest at 24 h was 0.25 (95% confidence interval, − 0.61 to 1.11). This result demonstrated the non‐inferiority of MMA to PCA in our non‐inferiority margin (− 1). Compared with the PCA group, the median remifentanil dose (996 vs. 654 μg; p < 0.001) and time in the post‐anesthesia care unit (35 vs. 25 min; p < 0.001) were significantly less in the MMA group.ConclusionsOur MMA protocol successfully controlled postoperative pain and was non‐inferior to morphine‐based PCA based on patient‐reported pain intensity, with no significant increase in adverse events. These results will help construct a strategy to reduce conventional opioid prescriptions for pain management after a minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery.Trial Registration Number Trial Registration Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0002593
Efficacy of sirolimus in children with lymphatic malformations of the head and neck
Authors: Wiegand S. , Dietz A. , Wichmann G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Children with extensive lymphatic malformations of the head and neck often suffer from functional impairment and aesthetic deformity which significantly affect the quality of life and may be life-threatening. Treatment with sirolimus has the potential to improve symptoms and downsize lymphatic malformations. This systematic review summarizes the current information about sirolimus treatment of lymphatic malformations of the head and neck in children, its efficacy and side effects.

Methods
A systematic search of the literature regarding studies on sirolimus treatment of children with lymphatic malformations of the head and neck was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar up to July 2021 with the search terms “lymphatic malformation”, “lymphangioma”, “cystic hygroma”, “low-flow malformation”, “sirolimus”, “rapamycin”, “mTOR inhibitor” and “children”.

Results
In all, 28 studies including 105 children from newborn to 17 years treated with sirolimus for lymphatic malformations of the head and neck were analyzed. The most frequent initial dose was 0.8 mg/m2 per dose, twice daily at 12-h interval. The target blood level differed between studies, 10–15 ng/mL and 5–15 ng/mL were most often used. More than 91% of the children responded to sirolimus treatment which lasts from 6 months to 4 years. Typical side effects were hyperlipidemia, neutropenia and infections.

Methods
Sirolimus could be an effective treatment for children with large complicated lymphatic malformations of the head and neck. As not all patients will benefit from treatment, the decision to treat sirolimus should be made by a multidisciplinary team.
nAMD: optimization of patient care and patient-oriented information with the help of an internet-based survey
Authors: Schmid Anke , Bucher Felicitas , Liczenczias Erika , Maslanka Figueroa Sara , Müller Bettina , Agostini Hansjürgen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This survey was conducted to identify factors that influence how patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) deal with their disease and information that are considered useful from a patient’s point of view.

Methods
A total of 5035 patients with nAMD living in Germany were interviewed via internet-based cross-sectional survey, where the following information was collected: personal data, disease awareness, and patients’ needs. In addition, a Quality of Life questionnaire (SF-12v2) could be completed.

Results
Out of the 5035 participants, more males than females participated (55% vs 45%), and most participants were in the age groups 76 to 85 years (37%) and 66 to 75 years (35%). Seventy-three percent of patients rated their understanding of the disease as at least sufficient, and more than two-thirds of the patients (68%) were aware that their disease needs to be controlled on a regular basis and treated on an “as needed” basis. Regarding potential risk factors for AMD, most participants were aware of age (89%), but only 39% of hereditary load and 33% of smoking as evidence-based risk factors, indicating a need for further information. The doctor remains the major source of information (93%), with internet (29%), brochures (14%), opticians (13%), or patient support groups (4%) with only limited contribution. Distance to the treatment center was identified as one of the factors, which had the greatest influence on patients’ compliance. A “treat as needed” regime turned out to be the preferred control and treatment schedule in contrast to a “fixed appointment” every 4 weeks.

Conclusion
This internet-based survey appears to be representative for nAMD patients. To increase patients’ compliance, proximity to the treatment center and a “treat as needed” regime turned out to be important factors as well as patients’ awareness of their disease. In this regard, the reported desire for more information indicates that patients’ knowledge still needs to be improved. Our results will help to further optimize patient care and patient-oriented information.
Two adjacent phosphorylation sites in the C-terminus of the channel’s α-subunit have opposing effects on epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity
Authors: Diakov Alexei , Nesterov Viatcheslav , Dahlmann Anke , Korbmacher Christoph 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHow phosphorylation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) contributes to its regulation is incompletely understood. Previously, we demonstrated that in outside-out patches ENaC activation by serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase isoform 1 (SGK1) was abolished by mutating a serine residue in a putative SGK1 consensus motif RXRXX(S/T) in the channel’s α-subunit (S621 in rat). Interestingly, this serine residue is followed by a highly conserved proline residue rather than by a hydrophobic amino acid thought to be required for a functional SGK1 consensus motif according to invitro data. This suggests that this serine residue is a potential phosphorylation site for the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylated and regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2), a prototypical proline-directed kinase. Its phosphorylation may prime a highly conserved preceding serine residue (S617 in rat) to be phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β). Therefore, we investigated the effect of DYRK2 on ENaC activity in outside-out patches of Xenopus laevis oocytes heterologously expressing rat ENaC. DYRK2 included in the pipette solution significantly increased ENaC activity. In contrast, GSK3β had an inhibitory effect. Replacing S621 in αENaC with alanine (S621A) abolished the effects of both kinases. A S617A mutation reduced the inhibitory effect of GKS3β but did not prevent ENaC activation by DYRK2. Our findings suggest that phosphorylation of S621 activates ENaC and primes S617 for subsequent phosphorylation by GSK3β resulting in channel inhibition. In proof-of-concept experiments, we demonstrated that DYRK2 can also stimulate ENaC currents in microdissected mouse distal nephron, whereas GSK3β inhibits the currents.
Application of Ultrasonography in Neurogenic Dysphagia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Potente Paola , Buoite Stella Alex , Vidotto Monica , Passerini Michelle , Furlanis Giovanni , Naccarato Marcello , Manganotti Paolo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSwallowing disorders are common in neurological diseases, with dysphagia representing one of the most prevalent complications that may cause poor quality of life, reduce independence, and increase mortality. Rapid identification of dysphagia is necessary to reduce the risk of penetration and aspiration, and to early start rehabilitation protocols. Among the methods that can be used to evaluate dysphagia and its components, ultrasound imaging has been suggested to support the evaluation of dysphagia by providing measures of both static and dynamic anatomical components. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography in neurogenic dysphagia according to current literature. From 2000 to 2020, 633 studies with the appropriate search terms for ultrasound and dysphagia were identified. After screening them, 10 studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Patients with the following neurologic conditions were studied with ultrasonography for dysphagia: Parkinson’s disease, muscle dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke. The main outcomes of ultrasonography were swallowing muscles thickness (e.g., tongue), and dynamic measures such as hyoid displacement. The different protocols used in the studies, as well as their outcomes, did not allow to provide standard procedures and normative or cut-off values in the presented diseases. Because there are a variety of tools, methods, and techniques that have been used in the studies that were reviewed, it is difficult to evaluate them using established standards. However, ultrasonography correlates well with clinical evaluation of dysphagia and therefore has prognostic and rehabilitation potential. Future studies should aim to develop and utilize a common interdisciplinary protocol that includes standard procedures and outcomes to define normative values applicable in the different conditions.