bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Small Joint Arthroscopy for Diagnosis and Treatment of a First Metatarsal Head Osteochondral Defect
Authors: Casciato Dominick , Zulauf Emily , Steginsky Brian 
Published: October 2022

Case:
A case of a painful first metatarsophalangeal joint in a 28-year-old woman is reported. Clinical examination and imaging were suspicious for osteochondral lesion of the first metatarsal head. A 1.9-mm arthroscope was used for diagnosis and treatment of an osteochondral defect with microfracture and dehydrated, micronized allogenic cartilage application with an excellent postoperative outcome.

Conclusion:
From the 3-month through 1-year follow-up, the patient continued a pain-free return to normal function. This case suggests that arthroscopy is as a viable approach to resurfacing osteochondral lesions of the big toe joint.
Free Vascularized Fibular Flap with Bilateral Bipolar Latissimus Transfer for Upper Extremity Reconstruction
Authors: Dabestani Parinaz J. , Ramsey Matthew D. , Chappell Ava G. , Fracol Megan E. , Stover Michael D. , Ko Jason H. 
Published: October 2022

Case:
A 19-year-old woman presented with bilateral mangled upper extremities after jumping in front of a moving train. After revascularization, osteocutaneous free vascularized fibula flap was performed to reconstruct the right humerus. The left forearm required transradial amputation with acute targeted muscle reinnervation. Finally, staged bilateral bipolar latissimus dorsi functional muscle flaps were performed to restore elbow flexion.

Conclusion:
Staged orthoplastic reconstruction of the upper extremities is an effective treatment approach for traumatic bone and soft-tissue defects. This patient’s recovery demonstrates improved quality of life after severe upper extremity trauma.
Calcific Tendinitis of the Longus Colli Muscle in a Pediatric Patient With Acquired Torticollis
Authors: Yung Anthony , Aryee Jomar , Flacco John , Ishmael Terrence G. 
Published: October 2022

Case:
We report a case of an 11-year-old girl with acute calcific tendinitis of the longus colli (ACTLC) muscle causing torticollis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscle in a pediatric patient.

Conclusion:
ACTLC is an unusual cause of painful torticollis in the pediatric population. Our report will help guide clinicians who may encounter this pathology in their practice.
Clinical Efficacy of Combined Use of Azilsartan with Indapamide and Azilsartan with Nitrendipine in Patients with Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Mashkurova Z , Abdullaeva G , Khamidullaeva G , Sherbadalova N , Khatamova M , Safarov Zh , Atoeva M 
Published: October 2022

The aim of our study was a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the combined use of azilsartan with indapamide, and azilsartan with nitrendipine in achieving antihypertensive and organ-protective effects in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). Methods and Results: The study included 101 patients aged 30-75 years (mean age of 53,1±11,2 years) with AH Grades 1-2 (ESC/ESH, 2018), who were on outpatient treatment at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Cardiology.	After the screening stage, all patients were discontinued from previous therapy and assigned to the 2 regimes of dual therapy. Group 1 included 50 AH patients treated with azilsartan (Az) and indapamide (Ind); Group 2 included 51 patients treated with Az and nitrendipine (Nit). The average daily dose of Az was 49.3±6.0 mg, Nit - 10.88±4.3 mg, and Ind - 1.69±0.5 mg. The effectiveness of the prescribed therapy was evaluated after 6 months of treatment.	The 6-month dual therapy with Az+Ind and Az+Net is characterized by high antihypertensive efficacy with a significant positive effect on the parameters of diurnal blood pressure (BP) profile in AH patients.	Achieving the target level of BP in both groups provided high organ-protective efficacy, expressed in a significant regression of LV hypertrophy and LV dimensions, a decrease in the carotid intima-media thickness (CMIT) and arterial rigidity. However, the best cardio- and vaso-protective efficacy was noted in Group 1, which was expressed in a more pronounced improvement in the left ventricular diastolic function, a decrease in the CIMT on both sides, and a significant improvement in the parameters of central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness. Dual therapy with Az+Ind and Az+Nit in AH patients was accompanied by a positive effect on the metabolic profile and excellent nephroprotection, with an advantage in the Az+Ind group. A significant decrease in the blood level of LDL-C, TC, and uric acid is characteristic in both groups of patients. A significant decrease in the levels of FBG and TG occurs only in the Az+Ind therapy.
Integrated Drill String Design Elevates Drilling Efficiency in Challenging Basement Formation
Authors: Mardiana Ramadhan Yoan , Soekmono Oktaviano , Melkybudiantoro Didi , Bonafid Kalim , Vataneta Rendiza 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Exploration in the basement could uncover the potential oil and gas resources in the South Sumatera area. However, drilling in the basement always brings different challenges compared to shale or sandstone formation. These challenges include low penetration rate due to hard lithology, deteriorating drilling bit and tools due to abrasive environment and high vibration, and unpredicted loss circulation zone that can increase mud consumption. In long interval sections, multiple bit runs are inevitable, causing higher open hole exposure time that can increase the risk of well integrity and well control. All challenges will have a significant effect on increasing drilling cost. Pertamina EP planned to run 4 - 6 bits based on the last two wells drilled through basement formation. Comprehensive steps were taken to minimize the drilling risks and optimize the drilling operation
In terms of drilling assembly, including bit and Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA), enhanced design was selected based on the lesson learned from previous campaigns. The bit equipped with durability proven conical diamond element with other features to compromise basement formation. BHA was designed by considering motor selection, stabilizer placement, and collar combination. To optimize drill string stability, several BHA options, combined with a detailed bit model, were analyzed in advanced Finite Element Analysis (FEA) drilling dynamic simulation. The process generated the most stable bit-BHA configuration, ROP-bit durability prediction and drilling parameter roadmap. Extensive drilling strategy planning was taken in place to set the interval, ROP target, and parameter management. To have a step change from the previous basement drilling campaign, Pertamina EP set the target to drill 880-m basement intervals in 8 ½-in sections by maximum two bit runs with minimum on-bottom ROP of 5 m/h.
By implementing all engineering preparation, basement formation in PLD-001 exploration well was successfully drilled in one run to section TD from 2,690 m to 3,573 m. The engineered bit-BHA combination drilled metamorphic basement rock with 10 – 15 klbs of WOB, 40 – 60 SRPM, and 550 – 595 gpm of flow rate. Close supervision was performed to monitor drilling dynamics, with no significant shock and vibration was observed. In overall, the bit generated 6.2 m/hr of on bottom ROP, 24% higher than the initial target. After drilling, the bit was pulled out of hole with considerably good condition despite heavy drilling in the 880 m of basement.
Advanced Gas Separation Membrane for Optimised Methane Recovery and Reduction of Green House Gas Emission
Authors: Murphy John Colin , Vassiloudis Steven , September Norris Aden , Eghtedari Masoud , Koulouris Dimitrios Pandelis 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Carbon Dioxide is a greenhouse gas naturally found as a component in natural gas, biogas and landfill gas and is also generated whilst flaring or burning the waste methane/gases. For CO2 capture and CO2-CH4 separation, we have investigated the membrane-based technology which offers high energy efficiency, simple modules and process design, reduced footprint, and enhanced energy content of the product gas whilst reducing pipeline corrosion problems and minimising greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Gas separation membranes require not only materials with excellent separation performance such as selectivity and permeability but also resistant to high temperatures and pressures.
In this work, we have examined the performance of advanced polymeric membranes made from the high-performance intrinsic polyimide material for the recovery of methane and subsequent reduction of GHG emission in natural gas and biogas upgrading applications. Pressure-driven gas separation simulations were performed using the intrinsic parameters of hollow-fibre membranes. It was found that employing the advanced polyimide membrane allows a wider range of operating temperatures (up to 80 °C) and pressures (500 kPag to 100,000 kPag) whilst achieving performance and GHG emission reduction goals. Thus, we employed an innovative concept by combining the advanced membrane materials with a novel multi-stage separation process to recover the CH4 up to 95%-99% in the product (retentate) and CO2 concentration of up to 95%-98% in off-gas (permeate).
Subsequent field-tests for the membranes durability, stability and relative capacity and separation performance compared to cellulose acetate (CA) based membrane systems. These tests have found that the polyimide hollow-fibre membranes are resistant to degradation from hydrogen sulphide (H2S), heavy hydrocarbons (HHCs), and are less susceptible to time effected degradation of permeance and selectivity.
Effective Well Engineering Approach for Completion Intervention, Stimulation and Flow Measurement to Enhance Efficiency and Production Performance
Authors: Alharbi Ayman , Khan Abdul Muqtadir , AlObaid Hashem , Ashby Scott , Ahmed Danish 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Well completion practices in high-temperature, high-pressure carbonates are challenging especially for long lateral horizontal wells intended for fracturing applications. An integrated approach involving intervention and fracturing design and reliable post-fracturing flow measurements is very critical to optimize the well performance.
After initial intervention complexities due to wellbore accessibility in a 6,250-ft cemented lateral initially planned with 13 fracturing stages resulting in the loss of many operational days, a revamped engineering workflow was planned for Well-A. As a first step, Coiled Tubing (CT) was used for abrasive jetting perforations, cleanout, and acid squeeze functionalities with a novel bottomhole assembly (BHA). The BHA was equipped with a real-time telemetry to optimize intervention to a single run. Having real-time bottomhole parameters helped in perforating the desired zones accurately and enhanced the injectivity by creating cleaner perforation tunnels.
Stages were reduced to five with an optimized perforation design based on rock typing approach, and short clusters were designed to divert the fracture fluids effectively using multimodal particulate diversion. Each fracturing stage was isolated with a mechanical plug. A novel high-frequency pressure monitoring technique that analyzes fluid entry points from water hammers was utilized during the fracturing treatments to analyze on-the-fly diversion efficiency and optimize further treatments.
A multiphase flowmeter was utilized to enhance milling and flowback to minimize losses and manage the choke schedule based on actual well performance leading to better fracture cleanup and recovery. The production performance of Well-A was compared with two offset horizontal wells drilled azimuthally parallel, intersecting the same carbonate sublayer. The post-fracturing absolute production enhancement analysis showed 11 to 15% improvement, and productivity index (PI) improvement was 40 to 63% when normalized by stage count. The effective integration of multiple technologies was applied successfully on the candidate well, yielding enhanced operational efficiency with optimized production performance.
CO2 Tracer as an Alternate Data Acquisition Strategy to Accelerate Gaslift Optimization and Maximize Oil Production
Authors: Chin Alvin Zhi Siang , Chaw Kit Teng , Kamis Azman Ahmat , Zainul Zaimi , Minggu Nur’Ain , Ting Chang Siong , Kamat Dahlila 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This paper serves to share the success story of utilizing Carbon Dioxide (CO2) well tracer surveys to conduct gaslift optimization, resulting in identifying additional oil production of 650 bopd and gaslift savings of 8 MMscf/d. In field B, located in the East Malaysia Region, wells in production are mainly operated with the assistance of gaslift. With over 70 active strings requiring gaslift, this creates a predicament in data acquisition of each string through the conventional Flowing Gradient Survey (FGS) method for gaslift optimization. The main setback of performing FGS in each string includes prioritization of slickline intervention for data acquisition against production enhancement activity, operation windows availability and production deferment.
From the CO2 tracer survey, the root causes of well lifting issues such as multi-pointing, Gaslift valves malfunctioning, and tubing leaks can be identified. The accuracy of gaslift injection rate transmitters and total gas output from well test separators are also established together with the gaslift split factor for dual string wells.
In the CO2 well tracer campaign in field B, 55 surveys were conducted of which 21 were on single string and 17 performed on dual strings. Around 20-30 pounds of CO2 was injected into the gaslift injection line and its concentration recorded at the well head. Injected CO2 travels through the tubing-casing annulus into the tubing through injection point/s. The travel velocities inside the tubing and casing were used to back calculate the operating lift depths. By importing the results of the CO2 well tracer survey into a software, the exact depth of injection can be measured, and any indication of multi-pointing can be seen. Accurate gaslift modelling can be conducted by incorporating actual measured injected gas rate, well test rate at time of survey and single/multi-point depth obtained from the survey.
The CO2 well tracer campaign has proven to provide effective and reliable data on the lift gas entry points in the well, especially for fields with large number of gaslift strings. A total of around 650 bopd oil gain with gaslift savings of 8 MMscf/d was identified and will be realized by conducting Gaslift Valve Change (GLVC). CO2 well tracer campaign should be considered for fields with high quantity of gaslift wells as an alternative to FGS as it requires minimum equipment hook-up, has minimal production deferment, and does not require invasive well intervention.
A presentation and discussion of the successful results, limitations, best practices, and lessons learnt from the CO2 tracer campaign aspires to be additive to the production surveillance tools in the oil and gas industry by providing alternatives in data acquisition from the conventional FGS.
ZEEpod Lightweight Structure Installation
Authors: Abu Bakar Azlan , M Said M Shuhaizi , Samarakkody Wayne , Perera Herman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
ZEEpod is a tripod-based structure that is designed for shallow water and could be the possible attractive solution for marginal fields. ZEEpod platform for this project is consist of main caisson, guide sleeve, top sleeve, conductors, topside, subsea template, raker piles and bridge. The offshore execution started with installation of the main caisson supporting the deck structure followed by the guide sleeve and top sleeve installation. The raker piles were then inserted via the sleeves and driven to the required penetration depth. Conductors were subsequently driven, and topside was installed afterwards prior setting down the bridge. The platform installation was successfully completed in October 2021.
It has again proven that the ZEEpod platform is technically feasible for the installation at water depth up to 70m. This technology gives benefits in term of its simplicity in fabrication, transportation, and offshore installation. It has resulted to less complexity of construction, lower resources, simplified loadout method and shortened construction duration. With advantages to have a completed platform component, fit into a single transportation barge and with lower capacity installation crane barge required, it is a cost-effective solution which bring value to the project.
The aim of this paper is to highlight the concept, engineering analysis and methodology for ZEEpod platform installation as well as the technical challenges during offshore execution. This paper should be an interest to those who seek for alternatives in designing and installing a minimum facilities platform for cost-effective field development at shallow waters.
Novel Impulse Turbine for Non-Combustion Power Generation at Offshore Platforms Towards Net Zero Carbon Emission Agenda
Authors: Muhammad M Fadhli , Myo Thant Maung Maung , Shaffee Siti Nur Amira , Sedaralit M Faizal 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Energy is a critical element that is greatly sought after in offshore facilities globally. For remote satellite platforms, oil and gas operators depend on the solar panel to power up their instrumentation and equipment. In certain cases, due to higher power requirements, Mini Turbine Generator (MTG) and Diesel Generator (DEG) are used to satisfy the energy demand of the operation. This paper introduces the Novel Impulse Turbine (NIT) technology for power generation for oil and gas offshore facilities and compares it to the conventional MTG. A techno-economic assessment and comparison for the two technologies are presented, with a case study at a Malaysian gas field.
The NIT technology was developed through the extraction of the kinetic energy of the flowing gas and converting it to electrical energy using a novel impulse turbine. The preliminary concept was simulated using process simulation and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was conducted to refine the critical parameters for prototype fabrication. A 35kW rated prototype was fabricated and tested for Leak Test, No-Load Spin Test, Load Performance Test, Oil System Test. All parameters were within the range of 5% of theoretical values. A two-steps technoeconomic assessment with a case study field was carried out to firm up field implementation.
Based on testing and performance analysis carried out, the NIT can perform the rated power output without any combustion process compared to MTG. MTG and NIT have similar footprint requirements and replacing MTG with NIT technology will not yield significant footprint changes. Both MTG and NIT are rotating turbomachinery equipment and have similar maintenance requirements. However, since MTG generates electricity through the combustion of natural gas as fuel while NIT operates based on differential pressure, the latter generates clean energy without the need for fuel combustion. This provides cost savings to the operation as the fuel requirement of MTG increases the operating cost by $10,000 per year. For 20 years of operation, NIT has the lowest life cycle cost due to its advantage of not combusting any fuel to generate electricity. Based on this benchmarking with MTG, NIT provides 15% and 74% of reduction in terms of CAPEX and OPEX respectively. By foregoing the association of generating power with fuel combustion, NIT provides cleaner energy that is in line with global sustainability efforts to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) such as CO2 and methane.
De-Risking and Optimisation During Gas Field Development Using Integrated Ultra-Deep Reservoir Mapping and Advanced Surveying Technology: A Case Study from Offshore Malaysia
Authors: Abu Talib M. Ashraf , Zulkifli M. Safwan , Annuar M. Nasrullah , Ahmad Ani M. Qayyum , Mondali Mondali , Mohamed Nooraini , Shields Daren James , Djumeno Rochmad Sutattyo , Yusoff Faidhi , Ozoemena Amaechi Emmanuel , Wan Muda W Mohd Sharif , W Mohamad W Amni , Hardiani Rosidah , Rajan Preveen Kumar , Mustafa M Azlan , M Bukhari Khairul Amri , Za’ba Muhammad Afiq Zaim , Alang Khairul Anuar , Thanh Phung Nguyen , Wang Haifeng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recently, Petronas Carigali Sdn. Bhd. in Malaysia has successfully drilled two horizontal wells to boost the gas production of the brown field X, offshore Malaysia. The field X has been producing for many years and production started to decrease since early 2013, requiring immediate infill drilling to cover for the production gap. However, the well planning and execution are very challenging. Due to the target location, the Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) well trajectory design was considered. It would need high drilling efficiency to minimize the extended stationary time to reduce the stuck pipe and ensure the accuracy of landing and geo-steering the well. Moreover, the high uncertainty of subsurface data like gas water contact (GWC), the complexity of carbonate reservoir heterogeneities, reservoir rugose geomorphology caused by fractures or karst and the large variation of reservoir resistivity profile added more difficulties for the pre-drill modeling and real-time execution. The planning methodology combined between several planned trajectories and possible reservoir geological models to achieve the best fit of the current reservoir condition and the planned well objectives. Then, the well placement pre-drill modeling would be performed to optimize the geo-steering execution to maximize the reservoir exposure and place the well in the desired position inside the target layer. Eventually, drilling execution was smoothly and successfully performed. The first well was drilled 614m MD horizontally at approximately 21m TVD above the GWC, exceeding the target objective of 12m TVD standoff. The second well, which was the ERD well, drilled 349m MD horizontally, approximately 6.6m TVD below the top of carbonate. Utilizing the ultra-deep reservoir mapping to identify the top of carbonate, carbonate heterogeneity layers and GWC helped precisely optimize the well in the desired position. Combination of definitive dynamic survey (DDS) technology not only provided better trajectory TVD calculation for improving reservoir mapping boundaries, but also helped to speed up the drilling operation by reducing the standard surveying time, ultimately minimizing the risk exposure for stuck pipe. This paper will describe how the combination of well placement technology ultra-deep reservoir mapping tool and latest definitive dynamic surveying technology helped Petronas achieve the objectives and de-risk and optimize the horizontal wells from planning to operation.