bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal block characteristics of intrathecal 1% 2chloroprocaine following addition of dexmedetomidine versus fentanyl in lower abdominal surgery: A prospective randomised controlled double blinded study
Authors: Rathore Vikram Singh , Partani Seema , Singh Abhineet , Vyas Aanal , Gondaliya Abhay , Gupta Sunanda 
Published: April 2022

The use of spinal anaesthesia for day care lower abdominal surgeries is limited due to its characteristics like delayed ambulation, urinary retention etc. The ultrashort acting 1% 2chloroprocaine (2CP) shows the properties of ideal local anaesthetic for short duration surgeries. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two different adjuvants (fentanyl or dexmedetomidine) with intrathecal2CP for spinal block characteristics.A prospective randomised double blinded study was conducted on 126 patients scheduled for short duration lower abdominal surgeries under spinal anaesthesia. They were randomised into 3 groups. Group C received 40µg of 1% 2CP while group F received 2CP + 25µg fentanyl; and group D received 2 CP + 10µgdexmedetomidine. Tactile and engine bar qualities, prerequisite of post usable absence of pain, haemodynamics and sedation score were evaluated. The segment information, length of medical procedure, beginning of tangible square, an ideal opportunity to arrive at top tactile level were practically identical in every one of the three groups(P&#62;0.05). Span of tactile & engine block & postoperative absence of pain was essentially delayed in bunch D versus bunch F & gathering C(P&#60;0.001). Intrathecal addition of dexmedetomidine (10µg) & fentanyl (25µg) to 1%2CP brought about an essentially delayed tangible & engine bar with postoperative absence of pain. However, dexmedetomidine was viewed as a preferable adjuvant over fentanyl as far as drawn out length of absence of pain with insignificant secondary effects.
Comparative evaluation of crystalloid coloading and colloid coloading for prevention of spinal anaesthesia induced hypotension in patients undergoing elective caesarian section
Authors: Ruparel Dipakkumar , Bisen Chayana , Patle Vijay , Wakode Rohini 
Published: April 2022

The most prevalent consequence after a caesarean surgery is post-spinal hypotension. To avoid this, crystalloid or colloid cohydration might be utilized. We aimed to see how crystalloid and colloid coloading affected hemodynamics and neonatal outcome in patients undergoing elective caesarean section, following spinal anesthesia. A total of 100 pregnant women were enrolled in this study, which were split into two groups of 50 each. Group A was given 10ml/kg Ringer Lactate (RL) And Group B patients received 10ml/kg 6% hetastarch coloading. Patients were monitored for Mean SBP, DBP, MAP, HR, SPO2, mean APGAR score of newborn at 1 and 5 minutes post delivery, the prevalence of nausea and vomiting as well as Vasopressor requirement. The incidence of hypotension was higher in the crystalloid group, as was the need for Vasopressor, compared to the colloid group. The crystalloid group had a higher rate of nausea and vomitingIn the colloid group, hemodynamics such as SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR were more stable. However, as demonstrated by the APGAR score of 1 in both groups, there was no difference in neonatal outcome.Colloid coloading is more effective method of preventing post spinal hypotension in patients undergoing caesarean section however combined use of Vasopressor and fluids seems to be more effective way of managing post spinal hypotension.
Comparative study of ultrasound assisted versus conventional surface landmark guided technique for combined spinal epidural anaesthesia in patients with increasaed body mass index and difficult surface anatomy of lower back and spinal deformity
Authors: P Chitrambika , Gupta Madhu , Khan Mohd Anas 
Published: April 2022

Palpatory method is traditionally used in clinical practice to locate the puncture site of combined spinal epidural (CSE) block, but locating the puncture site accurately in obesity and patients with difficult landmark or spinal deformity is usually difficult. For a successful CSE block, the puncture site must be accurately identified. The goal of this study was to see how ultrasonography (USG) affected the success rate of CSE puncture in these patients.This prospective randomized study included 100 patients requiring CSE (needle through needle technique) of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I/II, age 18-60years, obese (BMI upto 35 kg/m2), patients with difficult landmark, spinal deformity and were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Ultrasound assisted group (USG) (n=50) or Surface landmark group (SLG) (n=50). The primary outcome was to compare the first-pass needle success rate for establishing CSE, with secondary outcomes including the number of needle puncture attempts, time to establish landmarks (t1), time to complete CSE (t2), total procedure time (t), block associated pain and complications.The USG group had a significantly greater first pass needle success rate (92%) than the SLG group (60%) p&#60;0.001. The number of attempts to accomplish CSE in the USG group was lower than in the SLG group (p = 0.001). The USG group had a longer t1 (1.50±0.42) minutes than the SLG group (0.80±0.28), p&#60;.0001. The USG group had a shorter t2 (1.60±0.45) than the SLG group (3.37±1.25) minutes (p &#60;0.001). Block associated pain score was less in USG group as compared to SLG group (p=0.0003).Preprocedural USG improves first pass needle success rate and reduces the number of needle puncture attempts, decrease the procedural time thus lowering the risk of trauma, block associated pain, and discomfort to the patient.
Considering simulation training to ensure patient safety for expert anesthesiologists over the age of 60 in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Daabiss Mohamed A , Jabali Saleha H , Shaalan Osama R , Alosaimi Maha M 
Published: April 2022

Assessing older anesthesiologists' attitudes and knowledge regarding simulation training as part of their reemployment process in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. To assess their perception and understanding of how they think about simulation training during the recontracting process to ensure safe practice and patient safety.The research team conducted a nonrandomized study with elderly anesthesiologists in five health facilities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from June 2018 to February 2019. We created a written format for a self-administered questionnaire; seventy responses were obtained from these anesthesiologists by using this survey. 77.14% of aged anesthesiologists performed clinical work and were on call for twenty-four hours. The process of reemployment varied. However, 37% of the anesthesiologists received the opportunity for reemployment through a recommendation from the department head. In addition, 79% of anesthesiologists felt that simulation should be introduced in either medical education or continuing education to identify and mitigate age-related problems. Elderly anesthesiologists in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, are still fully involved in patient care and their duties, and they believe that simulation helps identify and mitigate age-related issues when it comes to their practice as medical professionals. Therefore, we believe it is time to reevaluate the reemployment process and consider simulation as an objective assessment tool to uncover incompetence, optimize skills, and help anesthesiologists plan for their future clinical careers. Further studies are also needed to cover all regions in the kingdom Saudi Arabia.
The efficacy of propofol and etomidate for sedation in endoscopic bronchial ultrasound- A randomized controlled study
Authors: Phalgune Deepak , Ghongate Ganesh , Gavel Naveen , Gosavi Rajendra 
Published: April 2022

There is paucity of Indian data regarding the use of sedation for endobronchial ultrasound. We compared the efficacy of etomidate and propofol in patients undergoing endoscopic bronchial ultrasound for the achievement of satisfactory sedation. Seventy patients aged more than 18 years posted for endoscopic bronchial ultrasound under sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic purpose were included in this randomised double- blind controlled study. Patients were randomly allocated to propofol and etomidate group. Comparison of cardiovascular adverse events and haemodynamic parameters were the primary objectives. Comparison of gag reflex, visual analogue scale score and recovery from sedation using Modified Aldrete Score were the secondary objectives. Patient satisfaction in terms of visual analogue scale score was the same in both propofol and etomidate groups. Endoscopist’s satisfaction was significantly higher in etomidate group as compared to propofol group. The post-operative hypotension was significantly lower in etomidate group as compared to propofol group. The post-operative bradycardia was significantly lower in etomidate group as compared to propofol group.Endoscopist’s satisfaction and the haemodynamic control was better in etomidate group as compared to propofol group during endobronchial ultrasound.
Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Analisis Fitokimia Ekstrak Metanol dari Daun Paku Sarang Burung (Asplenium nidus)
Authors: Wibowo Risky Hadi , Setiawan Redo , Darwis Welly , Sipriyadi Sipriyadi , Supriati Rochmah , Ginting Sinisuka Alfredi Anis Fadhila 
Published: April 2022

Infectious diseases caused by microbes are increasing; the growth of microbes can be inhibited by using antibiotics. Continuous and inappropriate use of antibiotics causes microbes to become resistant. The resistance can be reduced by finding new sources of antibiotics, one of which is from the bird nest fern (Asplenium nidus). This study aimed to determine the potency and concentration of A. Nidus extract in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 19659. The extract was prepared using the maceration method with methanol as the solvent. Phytochemical tests include alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins, and quinones. The minimum inhibitory concentration test was carried out on 12 treatments with three replications; the antimicrobial effectiveness test was carried out on seven treatments with five replications using the disc diffusion method. Phytochemical test results showed A. Nidus contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolics. A. nidus extract has the potential to inhibit the growth of the testing pathogenic bacteria, with the most effective concentration on P. aeruginosa of 45% with an inhibitory zone was about 14,16 mm, on E. Coli started of 55% with an inhibitory zone was about 13,68 mm, on B. Subtilis of 65% with an inhibitory zone was about 14,80 mm and S. aureus was 75% with an inhibitory zone of 11,96 mm.

Keywords: antibiotics, Asplenium nidus, Infectious disease
Deep Learning for Latent Space Data Assimilation in Subsurface Flow Systems
Authors: Mohd Razak Syamil , Jahandideh Atefeh , Djuraev Ulugbek , Jafarpour Behnam 
Published: April 2022

SummaryWe present a new deep learning architecture for efficient reduced-order implementation of ensemble data assimilation in learned low-dimensional latent spaces. Specifically, deep learning is used to improve two important aspects of data assimilation workflows: (i) low-rank representation of complex reservoir property distributions for geologically consistent feature-based model updating, and (ii) efficient prediction of the statistical information that are required for model updating. The proposed method uses deep convolutional autoencoders (AEs) to nonlinearly map the original complex and high-dimensional parameters onto a low-dimensional parameter latent space that compactly represents the original parameters. In addition, a low-dimensional data latent space is constructed to predict the observable response of each model parameter realization, which can serve as a proxy model in the latent space to compute the statistical information needed for data assimilation. The two mappings are developed as a joint deep learning architecture with two variational AEs (VAEs) that are connected and trained together. The training procedure uses an ensemble of model parameters and their corresponding production response predictions. Simultaneous training of the two mappings leads to a joint data-parameter manifold that captures the most salient information in the two spaces for effective data assimilation, where only relevant data and parameter features are included. Moreover, the parameter-to-data mapping provides a fast forecast model that can be used to significantly increase the ensemble size in data assimilation, without the corresponding computational overhead. We apply the developed approach to a series of numerical experiments, including a 3D example based on the Volve field in the North Sea. For data assimilation methods that involve iterative schemes, such as the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ESMDA) or iterative forms of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), the proposed approach offers a computationally competitive alternative. Our results suggest that a fully low-dimensional implementation of ensemble data assimilation in effectively constructed latent spaces using deep learning architectures could offer several advantages over the standard algorithms, including joint data-parameter reduction that respects the salient features in each space, geologically consistent feature-based updates, as well as increased ensemble size to improve the accuracy and computational efficiency of calculating the required statistics for the update step.
Oil Recovery Dynamics of Natural Gas Huff ‘n’ Puff in Unconventional Oil Reservoirs Considering the Effects of Nanopore Confinement and Its Proportion: A Mechanistic Study
Authors: Wei Bing , Zhong Mengying , Wang Lele , Tang Jinyu , Wang Dianlin , You Junyu , Lu Jun 
Published: April 2022

Summary
When reservoir fluids are confined by nanoscale pores, pronounced changes in fluid properties and phase behavior will occur. This is particularly significant for the natural gas huff ‘n’ puff (HNP) process as a means of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology in unconventional reservoirs. There have been considerable scientific contributions toward exploring the EOR mechanisms, yet almost none considered the effects of nanopore confinement and its proportion on the oil recovery dynamics. To bridge this gap, we developed an approach to calculate fluid phase equilibrium in nanopores by modifying the Rachford-Rice equation and Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS), completed by considering the shifts of fluid critical properties and oil/gas capillary pressure. Afterward, the effect of nanopore radius (rp) on the phase behavior between the injected natural gas and oil was thoroughly investigated. Compositional simulation was performed using a rigorously calibrated model based on typical properties of a tight reservoir to investigate the production response of natural gas HNP, including the effects of nanopore confinement and its proportion.
We demonstrated that the critical pressure and temperature of fluid components decreased with the reduction in rp, especially for heavy constitunts. The saturation pressure, density, and viscosity of the oil in the presence of natural gas all declined linearly with 1/rp in the confined space. The suppression of fluid saturation pressure was indicative of an extended single-phase oil flow period during production. The cumulative oil production was approximately 12% higher if the confinement effect was considered in simulation. Moreover, the average reservoir pressure declined rapidly resulting from this effect, mainly caused by the intensified in-situ gas/oil interaction in nanopores. The results of this paper supplement earlier findings and may advance our understanding of nanopore confinement during natural gas HNP, which are useful for field-scale application of this technique.
The Promotion Effect of Ionic Liquids on Polymer-Driven Recovered Water by Microwave Treatment
Authors: Sun Nana , Wang Ding , Quan Qing , Shen Lisha , Sun Huina , Su Ruiyu 
Published: April 2022

SummaryIn view of the difficulties in breaking emulsions and removing oil from polymer-produced water, this study systematically analyzes the promotion effect of anion type, cation type, and concentration of ionic liquid on polymer-driven water produced by microwave treatment. First, when the microwave power is 400 W and the radiation time is 40 seconds, the oil removal rate is only 34.95%. Second, when the anion of the ionic liquid is Br−, the oil/water interfacial tension (IFT) reaches the lowest value. During microwave radiation, the ionic liquid adsorbed on the oil/water interface converts more electromagnetic energy to heat energy owing to dipole polarization and interfacial polarization. In addition, bromine salts have the lowest absolute zeta potential; thus, the electroneutralization effect is the largest. Third, as the length of the cationic alkyl chain of the ionic liquid increases, its synergistic effect with the microwaves first decreases and then increases. Finally, during microwave irradiation, as the concentration of 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazole bromide salt increases, the oil removal rate first increases rapidly and then decreases slightly. When the concentration of 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazole bromide is 1 mmol/L, the oil removal rate reaches the highest value of 90.31%.
An Enhanced Premature Ventricular Contraction Pulse Detection and Classification Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Raj Remya , Kumar Ushus S , Maik Vivek 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Accurate and precise monitoring of cardiac arrhythmia’s helps to avoid serious heart issues. The research concentrates on using Photoplethysmography (PPG) and Arterial Blood Pressure (ABP) with deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for the classification and detection of fetal cardiac arrhythmia or Premature Ventricular Contractions (PMVCs). The process starts with Icentia 11k, a public dataset of ECG signal which consist of different cardiac abnormalities. The process proceeds with the MIMIC dataset and test dataset available from the hospital which is the transferred weights obtained from Icentia 11k dataset. The fine tuning improves the accuracy of classification. The proposed method can be able to detect and classify PMVCs in to three types: Normal, P1 and P2 with an accuracy of 99.9%, 99.8% and 99.5%.
Human body burden of Bisphenol A: a case study of lactating mothers in Florianopolis, Brazil
Authors: de Siqueira Carolina Dumke , Adenrele Alabi Okunola , de Moraes Ana Carolina Rabello , Monteiro Fabiola Branco Filippin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Exclusive breast milk is the recommended nutrition by the World Health Organization (WHO) until six months of age, followed by introducing foods with continual breastfeeding. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical used as a monomer in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Human exposure to BPA can cause numerous adverse health effects such as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease, with children and infants as the most susceptible groups. Thus, this study aimed to determine BPA concentration in the colostrum of 64 mothers hospitalized at the University Hospital Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago through the ELISA technique. We also assessed possible associations between breast milk BPA concentration and lactogenesis II. The results showed that all the breast milk samples contained a high concentration of BPA with a median value of 34.18 ng/mL. In addition, exposure to BPA did not alter the nutritional status of the mother; however, BPA concentration in mothers is influenced by the consumption of food packaged in plastic containers. The total daily intake of BPA in breastfed babies was 19.5 µg/kg/day and 28.5 µg/kg/day was recorded in the 95th percentile of the body weight per day, which is higher than the maximum daily intake by the European Food Safety Authority. This is of public health importance as a high concentration of BPA in the breast milk of the lactating mothers in this study could cause severe health problems in these mothers and much more in the infants breastfeeding on these BPA-contaminated breast milk.
Energy-based Swing-up Control for a Two-link Underactuated Robot with Flexible First Joint
Authors: Peng Zhiyu , Xin Xin , Liu Yannian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper concerns the swing-up control of an underactuated two-link robot with a linear torsional spring-attached ﬁrst joint and an actuated second joint (called the FA robot below) moving in a vertical plane. First, we present a necessary and sufficient condition such the FA robot is linearly controllable at the upright equilibrium point (UEP, where two links are both upright). Second, we prove without any assumption that the FA robot is at an equilibrium point provided that its actuated joint angle is constant under a constant torque. Third, for the FA robot with its torsional stiﬀness of the spring being smaller than a value determined by the coefficients of its gravitational terms, we propose an energy-based controller without singular points to swing it up. We conduct a global motion analysis for the FA robot under the proposed controller. For the case that the total mechanical energy of the FA robot converges to its desired value, we present its phase portrait. For the case that the convergence is not achieved, we show that the FA robot approaches an equilibrium point belonging to a set of equilibrium points, and propose a sufficient condition to check its stability. From the motion analysis, we present a sufficient condition such that the FA robot can be swung-up close to the UEP under the proposed swing-up controller. Finally, we verify our theoretical results through a numerical simulation.
Thiadiazole Functionalized Salicylaldehyde-Schiff Base as a pH-responsive and Chemo-Reversible “Turn-Off” Fluorescent probe for Selective Cu (II) Detection: Logic Gate Behaviour and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Chhikara Aruna , Tomar Deepak , Bartwal Gaurav , Chaurasia Madhuri , Sharma Anuj , Gopal Swarita , Chandra Sulekh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A novel thiadiazole functionalized schiff base chemoreceptor (E)-2,4-dichloro-6-(((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenol (SB-1) has been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically by using various techniques. Its photophysical behaviour was scanned towards a variety of metal ions in mixed aqueous media. The chemosensor (SB-1) displayed excellent selectivity towards Cu2+ ion through fluorescent diminishment (turn-off phenomenon). Colorimetric analyses showed a rapid colour change from yellow to dark red under visible light upon addition of Cu2+ ions. Interestingly, the original yellow colour reappeared back instantly after the addition of EDTA2- anions, thus confirming the reversible nature of SB-1. Competitive experiments validated no interference from the other co-existing metal ions in the recognition process of SB-1 towards Cu2+ ion. Job’s plot confirmed 1:1 binding stoichiometry between SB-1 and Cu2+ ion with the binding constant value of 3.87×104 M-1. The limit of detection was determined to be 1.01×10-7 M suggesting good sensitivity of SB-1 towards Cu2+ ions. Furthermore, pH-dependent UV-Vis spectral behaviour of SB-1 confirmed that it could act as an effective optical pH-sensor for highly acidic environment as well. Portable nature of probe SB-1 was explored by fabricating “easy-to-use” paper test strips, which allow robust and rapid detection of Cu2+ ions. Based on the multi-responsive properties of SB-1, a ‘NOR’ logic gate was constructed by applying Cu2+ and EDTA2- as chemical inputs (ln1: Cu2+, ln2: EDTA2-) while emission intensity observed at 560 nm was considered as output signal (O1). DFT optimized geometries confirmed that chemosensor SB-1 exists in Azo form (Enol form) in its ground state. Molecular docking of the SB-1 and its copper complex, into the binding site of TRK protein tyrosine kinase (PDB: 1t46) was also carried out to explore their biological activity and their potential use as TRK inhibitors.