bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of IL 6 as a Biomarker in the Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis – A Systematic Review
Authors: Kruthika P. 
Published: September 2022

Background:Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common and serious form of central nervous system tuberculosis (TB) with high morbidity and mortality. Following the encounter of tubercle bacilli by microglial cells, inflammatory process sets in and series of cytokines are secreted such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6 (IL6), and interferon γ. The following study was undertaken with the aim of systemically reviewing the diagnostic and prognostic evidence of IL6 in TBM.Methods:After a thorough search of databases for the articles with IL6 association in TBM published from 2001 onwards to September 2021. Articles were identified and assessed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Excel spreadsheets were used for the extraction of data and analysis.Results:A total of 10 studies were included for review which focused on IL6 in the role of TBM diagnosis. All the age group persons of both sexes were included in the study. The experiment was conducted mostly in the developing countries. The range of measured IL6 values was very wide and difficult to interpret.Conclusion:TBM patients' IL 6 was higher than healthy controls in all the studies mentioned, but the results of cerebrospinal fluid IL6 and serum IL6 were less consistent. Due to a small number of prospective studies, it was not possible to analyze the IL6 cut-off value to diagnose TB. Further studies are required to provide information on IL6 as biomarker in the diagnosis of TBM.
Analysis of a Tuberculosis Outbreak in an Office
Authors: Nitta Satomi , Terada Kensaku , Kurokawa Akemi , Yamaguchi Ryo , Tateishi Munetaka , Ota Masaki , Hoshino Yutaka , Zama Tomoko , Hirao Susumu 
Published: September 2022

Background:
In August 2018, a male worker (Pt1) in an office was diagnosed with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). This study aims to characterize the cases found in the TB outbreak in the office.

Methods:
The risks of TB disease or infection were compared among the staff members by seating locations.

Results:
A total of 116 current and ex-staff members were investigated, among whom 13 patients with active TB, including Pt1, and 20 with latent TB infection were found by the end of 2020. One-third of the seating groups located at one end of the office that Pt1 belonged to had the highest risk of TB disease (30.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.3%–51.8%) and infection (61.5%, 95% CI: 40.6%–79.8%) with a high relative risk of TB infection (6.2, 95% CI: 2.0–18.8) compared to another one-third of the seating groups at the other end of the office that had the lowest risk of active TB (0%, 95% CI: 0%–11.6%) and TB infection (10.0%, 95% CI: 2.1%–26.5%).

Conclusion:
The seating groups that Pt1 belonged to had the highest risk of TB disease and infection because the staff members in the groups were exposed to the air containing TB bacilli from Pt1. Local health offices should initiate active case finding using chest X-rays as soon as they are notified of a sputum smear-positive TB case if the delay of the diagnosis is longer than three months.
Correlation of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism at Interferon-Gamma R1 (at Position − 56) in Positive Purified Protein Derivative Health Workers with COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Varahram Mohammad , Besharati Saeid , Farnia Poopak , Ghanavi Jalaledin , Saif Shima , Nia Jalal Heshmat , Madani Mohammad Reza , Farnia Parissa , Velayati Ali Akbar 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The aim of the present study was to investigate the susceptibility of purified protein derivative (PPD) plus health-care workers to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). For this reason, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene at position +2109 and IFN-γ receptor 1 (R1) at position −56 was assessed in PPD plus group before and after COVID-19 infection (2017–2018; 2020–2021).

Methods:
The selected study cases (n = 100) that were working in tuberculosis (TB) unite (5–10 years) with PPD positivity >15 mm (16–20 mm) were included in this investigation. Sampling was done twice, once before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Group A contains 50 samples collected from the GenBank TB laboratory that belong to TB staff before the pandemic (2017–2018). The other sample (Group B; 2021) was collected from the same unite during the COVID-19 pandemic. The SNP in the IFN-γ gene (+2109; 670 bp) and IFN-γ R 1 (−56; 366 bp) was performed using a specific primer and the polymerase chain reaction products were digested using restriction enzyme Fau I and Bts I, respectively. Statistical analyses were used to obtain the frequency of alleles among all studied cases. The confidence intervals (CIs) and t-test were calculated using the SPSS and GraphPad Prism software.

Results:
In overall, the most frequent genotype in Group A was AA (41/50; 82%) and Group B was 76% (38/50) in position + 2109 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.26–1.83, and P = 0.46). Although in position −56, the most frequent genotype in Group A was TT (35/50; 70%) which significantly was than Group B TT (15/50; 30%) (OR = 0.184, 95% CI, 0.78–0.43, and P = 0.00). The frequency of allele A was more in both groups at position + 2109 (OR = 0.815, 95% CI, 0.23–2.86, and P = 0.75), whereas the dominate allele at position −56 was T in Group A (OR = 1.37, 95% CI, 0.62–3.02, and P = 0.42).

Conclusion:
No significant differences were observed in + 2109 in genotype among Group A and B. The main differences were seen in IFN-γ R1 at position (−56) between Group A and B. Hence, the IFN-γ R1 may play important role in COVID-19 infection. However, more study is needed to clear the IFN-γ correlation to COVID-19 infection.
Multiple Pathogens Contribute to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Sepsis in Addition to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Tsere Donatus Bonphace , Shirima Gabriel Mkilema , Grundy Brian S. , Heysell Scott K. , Mpagama Stellah G. , Mziray Shabani Ramadhani , Mbelele Peter M. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Mortality from tuberculosis (TB) sepsis is common among patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). We aimed to detect M. tuberculosis (MTB) and additional sepsis etiologies, and mortality determinants in PLHIV.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study consented and followed-up PLHIV for 28 days in northern Tanzania. From May through December 2021, patients provided urine and sputum for TB testing in lateral-flow lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) and Xpert® MTB/RIF. Bacterial blood culture, cryptococcal antigen, malaria rapid diagnostic, C-reactive-protein (CRP), and international normalized ratio (INR) tests were also performed. Sepsis severity was clinically measured by Karnofsky and modified early warning signs (MEWS) scores. Anti-TB, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and antimalarial and antifungal agents were prescribed in accordance with Tanzania treatment guideline. An independent t-test and Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests compared means and proportions, respectively. P < 0.05 was statistically significant.

Results:
Among 98 patients, 59 (60.2%) were female. Their mean (standard deviation) age was 44 (12.9) years. TB detection increased from 24 (24.5%) by Xpert® MTB/RIF to 36 (36.7%) when LF-LAM was added. In total, 23 (23.5%) patients had other than TB etiologies of sepsis, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Cryptococcus spp., and Plasmodium spp. Twenty-four (94.4%) of 36 patients with TB had higher CRP (≥10 mg/l) compared to 25 (40.3%) non-TB patients (P < 0.001). Nine (9.2%) patients died and almost all had INR ≥1.8 (n = 8), Karnofsky score <50% (n = 9), MEWS score >6 (n = 8), and malnutrition (n = 9).

Conclusions:

MTB and other microbes contributed to sepsis in PLHIV. Adding non-TB tests informed clinical decisions. Mortality was predicted by conventional sepsis and severity scoring, malnutrition, and elevated INR.
Antibacterial Activity of Garlic Extract, Tea Tree Oil, and Its Mouthwashes against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus
Authors: Latti Pooja , Subramaniam R. , Basha Sakeenabi , Prashant G. M. , Kumar P. G. , Hirekalmath Sushanth 
Published: September 2022

Background:
A wide group of microorganisms is identified from carious lesions, of which Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus are the main pathogenic species involved in the initiation and propagation of dental caries. Mouthrinses can deliver therapeutic ingredients and benefits to all accessible surfaces in the mouth. With the increasing use of drugs, microorganisms are attaining resistance to commonly used antibiotics, which leads to the downfall of the effectiveness of conventional medicines, and therefore, a search for new antimicrobial agents has become necessary. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of mouthwashes containing garlic extract (GE), tea tree oil (TTO), and chlorhexidine (CHX) on salivary S. mutans and Lactobacillus.

Methods:
An in vivo parallel study was conducted among 90 18–25-year-old subjects. GE (2.5%) and TTO (0.2%) mouthwashes were prepared for use in the study. Commercially available CHX mouthwash (0.12%) was used as a positive control. The study duration was 5 weeks. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups with 30 participants in each group. To assess the residual effects following discontinuation of mouthwashes, saliva samples were collected on the 18th and 24th days. One-way ANOVA was used to assess the mean colony difference.

Results:
No significant difference in the counts of S. mutans and Lactobacillus was observed at baseline and 6th day between all the three groups. On the 12th day, the highest reduction in S. mutans and Lactobacillus counts was observed following the use of TTO mouthwash, followed by CHX mouthwash. The reduction in the count of S. mutans was significantly higher in the TTO group on the 24th day comparable to the garlic mouthwash group, followed by the CHX mouthwash group.

Conclusion:
Both GE and TTO mouthwashes demonstrated a significant antibacterial activity against S. mutans and Lactobacillus in vivo, with TTO demonstrating the greatest effect.
Single-port retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy: Initial description and standardisation of technique
Authors: Vazquez-Martul D. , Iglesias-Alvarado J. , Altez-Fernandez C. , Chantada-Abal Venancio 
Published: September 2022

Introduction:
Minimally invasive surgery has been established as the gold standard for the treatment of localised renal tumours. A retroperitoneal approach is a feasible option with advantages in posterior tumours and patients with previous abdominal surgeries. In this context, single-port retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy (SPOR-PN) has not been widely explored and developed. We present this technique’s description and our first results.

Methods:
We present a case series of nine patients undergoing SPOR-PN in a single institution. We used a multi-channel single-port access dispositive through a 35 mm incision below the 12th rib, a 30° two-dimensional laparoscope, curved graspers and needle drivers on the left hand and standard rigid material in the right hand. In all surgeries, we performed a complete renorrhaphy with the sliding-clip technique. The pain was evaluated through visual analogue scale (VAS) the day after surgery.

Results:
Patients’ age ranged from 44 to 78 years. The median RENAL score was 5p, and the mean surgical time was 134 min. We performed an ‘off-clamp’ procedure on three patients. Among the patients who had renal artery clamped, the median ischaemia time was 18 min. The median in-hospital stay time was 48 h. Median VAS the day after surgery was 2. None of the anatomical pieces had positive borders. Only one complication was reported (Clavien IIIa).

Conclusions:
SPOR-PN is a feasible minimally invasive and nephron-sparing technique. The advantages of this procedure may not be only a better cosmetic appearance but also less post-operative pain. Further development and larger studies are needed.
Hubungan Kejadian Pruritus Dengan Konsep Diri Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronis Yang Menjalani Terapi Hemodialisis Di Rumah Sakit Pelabuhan Kota Cirebon.docx
Authors: Wahyudin  , Kunnati  
Published: September 2022

Gagal ginjal kronis adalah kegagalan fungsi ginjal untuk mempertahankan metabolisme, keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit akibat destruksi struktur ginjal yang progresif dengan manifestasi penumpukan sisa metabolit (toksik uremik) dalam darah yang dapat mengakibatkan pruritus, mengganggu kondisi emosional dan konsep diri sehingga mempengaruhi semua pikiran, keyakinan, dan kepercayaan yang merupakan pengetahuan individu tentang dirinya yang dapat mengubah hubungan individu dengan orang lain. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan kejadian pruritus dengan konsep diri pasien gagal ginjal kronis yang menjalani terapi hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Pelabuhan Kota Cirebon. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang menjalani terapi hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Pelabuhan Kota Cirebon sebanyak 45 orang dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total sampling sebanyak 45 orang. Analisa data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisa univariat dengan persentase dan analisa bivariat dengan uji chi square (χ2 ). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian responden yaitu 18 orang (40%) mengalami pruritus berat dan lenih dari sebagian responden yaitu 26 orang (57,8%) memiliki konsep diri positif. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh ρ value (0,004) < α (0,05) menunjukkan bahwa Ha diterima artinya terdapat hubungan antara kejadian pruritus dengan konsep diri pasien gagal ginjal kronis yang menjalani terapi hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Pelabuhan Kota Cirebon (p = 0,004, α = 0,05). Diharapkan petugas kesehatan dapat memberikan pelayanan (care giving) berupa edukasi dan konseling guna mempertahankan konsep diri positif dan meningkatkan konsep diri positif.
PENERAPAN METODE AHP UNTUK PEMILIHAN TOKO ONLINE TAS WANITA PADA PLATFORM SHOPEE
Authors: Trisnawati Herlina , Veranita Veranita , Tarigan Sakius 
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Today shopping online for daily needs has become a culture for some of our society, especially with the Covid-19 pandemic condition that has been going on for a long time, making us to do more activities at home. This has increased the interest in online shopping, especially for women who like to shop, making online stores an alternative to still being able to shop. With conditions like this, many new online shops or online stores that come from these non-online stores have joined in an e-commerce platform. As online stores increase, the competition among online stores are getting tighter and a little bit confusing for consumers to determine which online store to shop for. We need a decision support system that can help assess and compare one store with another. Researchers will use the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method that works based on a hierarchical structure in determining criteria using the Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM) concept that utilizes the results obtained from eigenvectors through iterations to minimize differences in the assessments of a number of respondents. The results will prove that the decision support system for choosing a trustworthy online shop for women's bags is appropriate based on the dimensions of online store satisfaction. The results of this study will be obtained which online shop for women's bags that are selected or in demand for online shopping transactions.

Keywords: Analytical hierarchy process (AHP), e-commerce, eigenvector, decision support system, online shop
APLIKASI AUGMENTED REALITY PENGENALAN HEWAN BERBASIS ANDROID MENGGUNAKAN LIBRARY VUFORIA
Authors: Wijaya I Made Pasek Pradnyana 
Published: September 2022

This world consists of various kinds of living things, there are humans, animals and plants. There are many types of animals in this world. In contrast to the declining animal species, computer technology continues to evolve over time. Computer technology helps a lot in the learning of school children and early childhood. Learning applications are now very developed and easy to find, for example learning applications for smartphone devices. Augmented reality technology is one that is currently being developed and applied. Augmented reality has a positive impact with its potential to project objects such as text, images, videos, and 3D objects in the real world. Application development using augmented reality technology requires a marker. Markers can be in the form of 2D images, locations, objects around us, or in the form of text. Vuforia SDK is a software that can detect an image or text. In this study, the marker used is no longer in the form of an image, but the marker used is in the form of print-out text. The concept is that users simply type the name of the animal on another device or are allowed to print the name of the animal, then scan it with a device that has this augmented reality application installed. This application was built using the waterfall method. Testing is done by using the blackbox technique. The result of this research is the application of augmented reality animal recognition with this print-out textmarker can run well.
JUAL BELI HAK ATAS TANAH DENGAN KUASA MUTLAK PADA PERJANJIAN PENGIKATAN JUAL BELI KERAPKALI MENIMBULKAN MASALAH DALAM PRAKTIK
Authors: Setiawan I Ketut 
Published: September 2022

Dalam jual beli, kehadiran penjual atau pembeli dihadapan Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah tidak mutlak, karena salah satu atau keduanya dapat dikuasakan kepada pihak lain, sebagai penjual atau pembeli. Isi kuasapun pada dasarnya bebas, termasuk kuasa yang tidak dapat ditarik kembali yang disebut kuasa mutlak. Mengapa jual beli dengan kuasa mutlak dalam perjanjian pengikatan jual beli kerapkali menimbulkan masalah dalam praktik? Penelitian deskriptif ini sepenuhnya menggunakan data sekunder dan analisis kualitatif. Ternyata jual beli hak atas tanah dengan kuasa mutlak sering disalahgunakan dalam praktik, karena jual belinya diselubungi penyelundupan dan pelanggaran hukum serta tidak terjamin tertib administrasi pertanahan. Karena penguasaan yuridisnya tertulis atas nama pemberi kuasa atau pemilik, sedangkan penguasaan fisiknya adalah penerima kuasa dalam waktu tidak terbatas, sehingga hak nikmat atas pemakaian tanah itu hampir sama dengan pemilik tanahnya. Kata Kunci : Jual Beli, Kuasa Mutlak, Menimbulkan Masalah Abstract In the sale and purchase the presence of buyer or seller in front of the maker official of and akta is not absolute, because one or both of them can be delegated to orther parties, as a seller or buyer. Basically the content of powerletter is free, including power letter that can not be withdrwn again, that called as abolute power letter. Why the sale and purchase with abolute power in the binding agreement of sale and purchase often couse problems in practice? This descriptive study fully using scondary data and qualitative analisys. It turns aut the sale and puscahase of land rights with abolute power is often abused in practice, because sale and purchase his veiled the smuggling and violations of the law and does not gurantee the oderly of land adminstration. Because the juridical mastery his be written on behalf of the authority giver or the owner, while the physical mastery is the endorsee in not limited time. Keyword : Buy and Sell The Absolute power is prohibited, Cause problems
Pengaruh Nilai Sand Equivalent Dan Durasi Perendaman Terhadap Durabilitas Campuran Aspal Beton
Authors: Widodo Bambang , Kondoj Noldie , Sompie Tampanatu , Pangemanan Novriana 
Published: September 2022

Aspal Beton adalah jenis perkerasan jalan dari campuran agregat, dengan bahan pengikat aspal. Sumber agregat tidak pernah luput dari bahan yang merugikan, seperti butiran lunak atau lempung. Curah hujan yang tinggi dan sistem drainase yang tidak baik, berkontribusi positif pada kerusakan lapis perkerasan aspal beton. Salah satu karakteristik aspal beton adalah Durabilitas yaitu; keawetan campuran aspal terhadap perubahan cuaca, kadar air, suhu, maupun keausan akibat gerusan roda kendaraan. Sejalan dengan uraian tersebut, maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh Nilai Sand Equivalent dan waktu perendaman terhadap durabilitas campuran aspal beton. Dengan metode eksperimen di Laboratorium terhadap beberapa bahan baku aspal, agregat dan sampel campuran aspal – agregat dengan memperlakukan beberapa variasi campuran Nilai Sand Equivalent (50, 60, 70, 80 dan 90 %) dan waktu perendaman (24 dan 48 jam) terhadap kadar aspal optimum diperoleh Durabilitas campuran Aspal Beton pada perendaman 24 dan 48 jam berturut-turut pada batas kadar SE 83,43 % dan 85,67 % masih durable.
Clinical Presentations of Child Abuse: The Warning Signs in Medical Consultations in Some Referral Hospitals in Yaoundé.
Authors: Meguieze Claude-Audrey , Haamit Abba-Kabir , Nseme Etouckey Eric , Voundi Voundi Esther , Michéle Lowe Nantchouang Jacqueline , Rainatou Ngapout , Isabelle Mekone Nkwele , Paul Koki Ndombo 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The health practitioners must recognize both the warning signs of child abuse and collaborate in the prevention of its consequences. The general objective of this study was to report the different clinical presentations of abused children received in four referral hospitals in Yaoundé that could be used as warning signs in medical consultations.
Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in four referral hospitals in Yaoundé from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. The target population of the study was children under the age of 18 who were victims of abuse. All records of children under 18 years who were victims of abuse were included in this study consecutively. The records were obtained from the archives of the hospitals. Statistical analysis was done using Epi-info TM version 7.2 software.
Findings: Female children were the most frequently abused (121; 91.7%) with an age range of 0-14 years (125; 94.0%). The main reasons for medical consultation were the request for human immunodeficiency virus testing (105; 69.1%) and the suspicion of sexual assault (81; 53.3%). The most frequent traumatic lesions were lacerations (67; 59.3%) with the anogenital area (98; 86.7%) as the main body location.
Conclusion: Improving the diagnosis of child abuse by studying clinical signs would be crucial in the fight against this scourge in our context by considering the infectious risk, the suspicion of sexual assault and anogenital lesions as the main warning signs.
Recommendations: The study recommend campaigns to raise awareness on the issue of violence suffered by young girls, train health practitioners in psychological care and develop psychological monitoring.