bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Worker Age in Ohio Workers’ Compensation Claims in the Landscaping Services Industry
Authors: Alexander Barbara M. , Wurzelbacher Steven J. , Zeiler Rachel J. , Naber Steven J. , Kaur Harpriya , Grosch James W. 
Published: June 2022

Objective
This study employed analysis of workers’ compensation (WC) claims in the landscaping services industry to identify occupational factors associated with claims from workers of different ages.

Methods
Private sector claims for 2005 to 2017 to the Ohio Bureau of Workers’ Compensation (OHBWC) and their free-text descriptions were used along with data from the US Census Bureau American Community Survey to examine rates and types of WC claims by worker age.

Results
Although the claim rate for younger workers was higher than that for older workers overall (593 vs 261 per 10,000 full-time equivalent employees, P < 0.001), claims from older workers had higher nonzero median cost ($1002 vs $522, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Analysis of WC claim rates shows significant differences between claims in different age groups. These differences can be used to target safety interventions for the greatest impact.
PET Imaging of Estrogen Receptors for Gynecological Tumors
Authors: Tsujikawa Tetsuya , Makino Akira , Mori Tetsuya , Tsuyoshi Hideaki , Kiyono Yasushi , Yoshida Yoshio , Okazawa Hidehiko 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the past few decades, PET with 18F-FDG has been used for the diagnosis of gynecological malignancies and is considered to be superior to conventional imaging methods in diagnostic accuracy for detecting metastatic lesions and local recurrence and in evaluating the treatment response. On the other hand, several gynecological tumors, such as endometrial cancer and leiomyoma, and breast cancer are estrogen-dependent, in which estrogen is essential for their development and progression. 18F-FES is an 18F-labeled compound of estradiol, the most bioactive type of estrogen, and 18F-FES PET has been well-established for diagnosis, staging, and posttherapeutic follow-up in patients with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. Compared with in vitro assessment of tumor biopsy material, PET imaging has the advantages of being able to measure in vivo tumor behavior, characterize the entire tumor burden, and capture the heterogeneity of the tumor phenotype. In this article, we review the phenotyping of estrogen-related gynecological tumors other than breast cancer using 18F-FES PET and demonstrate the additional value of 18F-FES PET to 18F-FDG PET in their diagnosis and prognostication. Moreover, promising PET tracers other than 18F-FES and 18F-FDG for the evaluation of estrogen-related gynecological tumors are introduced.
Multiple sclerosis in the era of COVID-19: disease course, DMTs and SARS-CoV2 vaccinations
Authors: Pugliatti Maura , Berger Thomas , Hartung Hans-Peter , Oreja-Guevara Celia , Bar-Or Amit 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
As of January 21st 2022, over 340 million are confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including nearly 5.6 million deaths. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is neurotropic and affects the neural parenchyma through direct viral invasion from the nasal mucosa and postinfectious cytokine storm. Further challenges of SARS-CoV-2 infection are nowadays linked to variants of concern. Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system commonly affecting young adults and potentially generating irreversible disability. Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have been considered ‘extra’ vulnerable because of the immune-mediated nature of the disease, the disability status, and the immunomodulatory therapies potentially increasing the risk for viral infection. Today multiple sclerosis neurologists are faced with several challenges in the management of pwMS to both prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and protection from disease worsening. We aimed to highlight today's most relevant facts about the complex management of pwMS in the COVID-19 era.

Recent findings
The incidence of COVID-19 among pwMS does not differ from the general population. The prognosis of COVID-19 among pwMS is driven by older age, male sex, nonambulatory status, comorbidity as in the general population, as well as by corticosteroid treatment and B-cell depleting agents which decrease seropositivity from SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Summary
Disease modifying treatments (DMTs) should be regularly continued in relation to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, but an ad hoc timing is required with B-cell depleting agents. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is recommended in pwMS with willingness improving through health education programs. Multiple sclerosis does not seem to worsen after SARS-Cov2 vaccination but COVID-19 may enhance disease activity.
The current evidence for substance use disorder apps
Authors: Manning Victoria , Whelan Danielle , Piercy Hugh 
Published: June 2022

Purpose of review
New mHealth (smartphone) apps for substance use disorders (SUD) are emerging at an accelerated rate, with consumer choice typically guided by app-store user ratings rather than their effectiveness. The expansive reach, low-cost and accessibility of mHealth apps have driven their popularity and appeal as alternatives to traditional treatment; as such, rigorously establishing their effectiveness is of paramount importance.

Recent findings
Several systematic reviews conclude that the evidence-base for mHealth SUD apps is weak, inconclusive and hampered by substantial heterogeneity in study designs. However, there have been a number of interesting and novel developments in this area in recent years, which have not been synthesised to date.

Summary
Most mHealth apps deliver either multiple-component behaviour change techniques, discrete psychological interventions or cognitive training interventions, or are designed to act as adjuncts to facilitate the delivery of clinical or continuing care. There are promising signals of their feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness in numerous open-label pilot studies of mHealth apps targeting alcohol and smoking. However, only a handful of sufficiently-powered, well-designed randomised controlled trials have been conducted to date with mixed findings. Furthermore, there has been limited recent attention on mHealth apps aiming to improve outcomes for individuals using other drugs.
High prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection among adults with chronic non – communicable diseases in Malawi – a cross-sectional study at Mangochi District Hospital
Authors: Nyangulu Wongani , Sadimba Christina , Nyirenda Joyce , Twaibu George , Kamwendo John , Chawawa Kelvin , Masano Angella , Chilinda Elizabeth , Kayuni Sekeleghe , Muula Adamson S. , Maleta Kenneth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundSchistosomiasis is a parasitic infectious disease caused by flatworms of the Schistosoma genus. The global burden of schistosomiasis is high. In Malawi, schistosomiasis is among the top 20 causes of outpatient department visits in health facilities. Schistosomiasis is among the most important but neglected causes of non-communicable diseases (NCD) peculiar to tropical endemic settings. While much is known about the contribution of S. haematobium to the NCD burden in Malawi, the role of S. mansoni remains largely unknown.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study at Mangochi District Hospital. Adults over 18 years diagnosed with NCDs (n = 414), admitted or attending weekly outpatient clinics were recruited between August 2021 and February 2022. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, body weight, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. Stool and midstream urine were collected for Kato Katz (KK) microscopy and urine circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) tests respectively. We computed prevalence of S. mansoni as number of positive KK and CCA tests, each divided by total submitted samples. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were done to evaluate risk factors of NCDs and association between S. mansoni infection and NCDs.ResultsWe recruited 414 participants, mean age 57 years (SD 16), 67% of whom were female. Prevalence of S.mansoni based on urine CCA was 15% (95% CI 11 – 19) and 0% on KK microscopy. Hypertension was the most common condition with a prevalence of 85% (95% CI 81 – 89), followed by diabetes mellitus with a prevalence of 42% (95% CI 37 – 46) and heart disease with a prevalence of 3% (95% CI 2 – 5). S. mansoni infection was not significantly associated with hypertension (OR 1.2 (95% CI 0.5 – 3.1), p – value 0.47), diabetes (OR 0.6 (95% CI 0.3 – 1.1), p – value 0.117) or heart disease (OR 2.0 (95% CI 0.4 – 10), p – value 0.416).ConclusionsWe observed high prevalence of S. mansoni infection among adults in the study. This is within the range observed in children in Mangochi from 10 – 56.7%.
Binocular Imaging with The Conformal Eyes
Authors: Turski Jacek 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe human eye possesses a natural asymmetry of its optical components and an inhomogeneous distribution of photoreceptors causing optical aberrations and providing high acuity only at a 2-degree visual angle. Although these features greatly impact the visual system functions, they have not been supported by the geometric formulation of the fundamental binocular concepts. The author recently constructed a geometric theory of the binocular system with asymmetric eyes (AEs) integrated with the eyes’ movement to address these problems. This theory suggests that a symmetric framework can fully represent the asymmetric properties of this binocular system with the AEs. Pursuing this idea leads first to the conformal eye model furnished by the Riemann sphere for the special case of AE corresponding to the reduced eye with axial symmetry, referred to as the symmetric eye (SE) model. The conformal geometry of the Riemann sphere establishes efficient image representation by the projective Fourier transform (PFT)—the Fourier transform on the group of image projective transformations representing images covariantly to these transformations. The PFT is fast computable by an FFT algorithm in log-polar coordinates known to approximate the retina-cortical mapping of the human brain’s visual pathways. The retinotopy modeling here with PFT is compared to Schwartz’s modeling with the exponential chirp transform showing clear advantages of PFT in physiological conformity and numerical efficacy. Finally, the conformal eye model initially developed for the SE is extended to the AE. Then, in the binocular system with AEs, the PFT becomes available for image processing. The PFT combined with the conformal eye model allows binocular extensions of the previous monocular algorithms for modeling visual stability during the saccade and smooth pursuit eye movements needed to offset the eye’s acuity limitation.
High rifampicin peak plasma concentrations accelerate the slow phase of bacterial decline in tuberculosis patients: evidence for heteroresistance
Authors: Martinecz Antal , Boeree Martin J. , Diacon Andreas H. , Dawson Rodney , Hemez Colin , Aarnoutse Rob E. , Abel zur Wiesch Pia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntibiotic treatments are often associated with a late slowdown in bacterial killing. This separates the killing of bacteria into at least two distinct phases: a quick phase followed by a slower phase, the latter of which is linked to treatment success. Current mechanistic explanations for thein vitroslowdown are either antibiotic persistence or heteroresistance. Persistence is defined as the switching back and forth between susceptible and non-susceptible states, while heteroresistance is defined as the coexistence of bacteria with heterogeneous susceptibilities. Both are also thought to cause a slowdown in the decline of bacterial populations in patients and therefore complicate and prolong antibiotic treatments. Reduced bacterial death rates over time are also observed within tuberculosis patients, yet the mechanistic reasons for this are unknown and therefore the strategies to mitigate them are also unknown.Methods and FindingsWe analyse a dose ranging trial for rifampicin in tuberculosis patients and show that there is a slowdown in the decline of bacteria. We show that the late phase of bacterial killing depends more on the peak drug concentrations than the total drug exposure. We compare these to pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models of rifampicin heteroresistance and persistence. We find that the observation on the slow phase’s dependence on pharmacokinetic measures, specifically peak concentrations are only compatible with models of heteroresistance and incompatible with models of persistence. The quantitative agreement between heteroresistance models and observations is very good.To corroborate the importance of the slowdown, we validate our results by estimating the time to sputum culture conversion and compare the results to a different dose ranging trial.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that higher doses, specifically higher peak concentrations may be used to optimize rifampicin treatments by accelerating bacterial killing in the slow phase. It adds to the growing body of literature supporting higher rifampicin doses for shortening tuberculosis treatments.
High salt induces cognitive impairment via the angiotensin II-AT1 and prostaglandin E2-EP1 systems
Authors: Kubota Hisayoshi , Kunisawa Kazuo , Wulaer Bolati , Hasegawa Masaya , Kurahashi Hitomi , Sakata Takatoshi , Tezuka Hiroyuki , Kugita Masanori , Nagao Shizuko , Nagai Taku , Furuyashiki Tomoyuki , Narumiya Shuh , Saito Kuniaki , Nabeshima Toshitaka , Mouri Akihiro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh salt (HS) intake is a known risk factor for hypertension and dementia. Clinical studies have shown that antihypertensive drugs can decrease the incidence of dementia. Accordingly, a strong relationship can be suggested between hypertension and cognitive impairment. It is well-known that angiotensin II (Ang II)-AT1 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-EP1 systems are involved in hypertension and neurotoxicity. However, the involvement of these systems in HS-mediated hypertension and emotional and cognitive impairments remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that hypertension and impaired social behavior and object recognition memory following HS intake could be associated with tau hyperphosphorylation, decreased phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice. These changes were blocked by pharmacological treatment with losartan, an Ang II receptor blocker (ARB), or EP1 gene knockout. Our findings suggest that Ang II-AT1 and PGE2-EP1 systems could be novel therapeutic targets for hypertension-induced dementia.
An empirical approach to developing and testing a traits-based fire ecology framework for bacterial response to wildfires
Authors: Johnson Dana B , Woolet Jamie , Yedinak Kara M , Whitman Thea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlobally, wildfires represent major disturbances, burning millions of hectares annually. Wildfires can restructure soil microbial communities via changes in soil properties and microbial mortality. Fire-induced changes in bacterial communities may influence soil carbon cycling, and recovery to pre-burn community composition and function may take years. We investigated carbon cycling, soil properties, and the importance of three fire-adaptive strategies – fire survival, fast growth, and affinity for post-fire soil environmental conditions – in structuring soil bacterial communities following burns of varying temperatures in boreal forest soils. To identify taxa with each strategy, we simulated burns and incubated soils, tracking respiration and sequencing DNA and rRNA. We then quantified their abundances in the field following wildfires of varying burn severities. The importance of these strategies varies over time and with burn severity. Fire survival has a small but persistent effect on structuring burned soil communities. Fast growing bacteria rapidly colonize the post-fire soil but return to pre-burn relative abundances between one and five years post-fire. Taxa with an affinity for the post-fire environment thrive post-fire, but the effect of this strategy declines by five years post-fire, suggesting that other factors such as vegetation recovery or bacterial dispersal may influence community composition over decadal timescales.Graphical Abstract
Altered frontolimbic activity during virtual reality-based contextual fear learning in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Siehl Sebastian , Wicking Manon , Pohlack Sebastian , Winkelmann Tobias , Zidda Francesca , Steiger-White Frauke , Nees Frauke , Flor Herta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeficiency in contextual and enhanced responding in cued fear learning may contribute to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We examined the responses to aversive Pavlovian conditioning with an unpredictable spatial context as conditioned stimulus compared to a predictable context. We hypothesized that the PTSD group would depict less hippocampal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation during acquisition and extinction of unpredictable contexts and an overreactive amygdala response in the predictable contexts compared to controls.MethodsA novel combined differential cue-context conditioning paradigm was applied using virtual reality with spatial contexts that required configural as well as cue processing. We assessed 20 patients with PTSD, 21 healthy trauma-exposed (TC) and 22 non-trauma-exposed (HC) participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), skin conductance responses and self-report measures.ResultsDuring fear acquisition patients with PTSD compared to TC showed lower activity in the hippocampi in the unpredictable and higher activity in the amygdalae in the predictable context. During fear extinction, patients compared to TC showed lower brain activity in the vmPFC in the predictable context. There were no significant differences in self-report or skin conductance responses among the groups.ConclusionsOur results suggest that patients with PTSD differ in brain activation from controls in regions such as the hippocampus, the amygdala and the vmPFC in the processing of unpredictable and predictable contexts. Deficient encoding of more complex configurations might lead to a preponderance of cue-based predictions in PTSD. Exposure-based treatments need to focus on improving predictability of contextual processing and reducing enhanced cue reactivity.
Replenishing the malaria drug discovery pipeline: Screening and hit evaluation of the MMV Hit Generation Library 1 (HGL1) against asexual blood stage Plasmodium falciparum, using a nano luciferase reporter read-out
Authors: Dechering Koen J. , Timmerman Martijn , Rensen Kim , Koolen Karin M.J. , Honarnejad Saman , Vos Martijn W. , Huijs Tonnie , Henderson Rob W.M. , Chenu Elodie , Laleu Benoît , Montefiore Bailey C. , Segall Matthew D. , Mills James E. J. , Guantai Eric M. , Duffy James , Duffey Maëlle 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA central challenge of antimalarial therapy is the emergence of resistance to the components of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) and the urgent need for new drugs acting through novel mechanism of action. Over the last decade, compounds identified in phenotypic high throughput screens (HTS) have provided the starting point for six candidate drugs currently in the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) clinical development portfolio. However, the published screening data which provided much of the new chemical matter for malaria drug discovery projects have been extensively mined. Here we present a new screening and selection cascade for generation of hit compounds active against the blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum. In addition, we validate our approach by testing a library of 141,786 compounds not reported earlier as being tested against malaria. The Hit Generation Library 1 (HGL1) was designed to maximise the chemical diversity and novelty of compounds with physicochemical properties associated with potential for further development. A robust HTS cascade containing orthogonal efficacy and cytotoxicity assays, including a newly developed and validated nanoluciferase-based assay was used to profile the compounds. 75 compounds (Screening Active hit rate of 0.05%) were identified meeting our stringent selection criteria of potency in drug sensitive (NF54) and drug resistant (Dd2) parasite strains (IC50 ≤ 2 µM), rapid speed of action and cell viability in HepG2 cells (IC50 ≥ 10 µM). Following further profiling, 33 compounds were identified that meet the MMV Confirmed Active profile and are high quality starting points for new antimalarial drug discovery projects.
Sustainable lifestyles, eating out habits and the green gap: a study of food waste segments
Authors: Liu Hongbo , McCarthy Breda 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to identify Australian consumer segments based on sustainable lifestyles and attitudes towards food waste and model the factors (socio-demographic, attitudinal and lifestyle) contributing to different levels of food waste.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a face-to-face survey of 334 respondents. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used to identify consumer segments, and econometric analysis is used to model the factors contributing to different levels of food waste.FindingsA total of six lifestyle segments are identified: the freshness lovers, the vegetarian and organic food lovers, the recycle/reuse advocates, the waste-conscious consumers, the label-conscious/sensory consumer and the food waste defenders. This research distinguishes between low and medium levels of food waste based on marginal effects analysis. At low levels of food waste, consumers who worry about the food waste cost, making efforts to reduce food waste are less likely to waste food. Affluent consumers, who claim to be waste conscious, have young children and frequently eat outside, are more likely to waste food than others, lying in the medium waste group.Originality/valueAustralia, like many other countries, has high levels of food waste and despite policy efforts, curbing household food waste remains a challenge. In addition, there are limited food waste studies that focus on consumers who practice sustainable lifestyles. The current paper contributes to the market segmentation literature and has several implications for food policy and practice.