bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Geburt der Darmmikrobiota
Authors: Opalka Markus 
Published: March 2022

SummaryDie frühkindliche Darmmikrobiota entwickelt sich in zwei großen Besiedelungswellen und ist mit etwa 12 Monaten voll ausgereift. Physiologische Anpassungssymptome, aber auch mikrobielle Entgleisungen des Darms können mit Pro-, Prä- und Postbiotika behandelt werden.Einige der angezeigten Präparate sind eigens für Säuglinge undKleinkinder zugelassen. Auch für die Labordiagnostik gibt esmittlerweile Angebote mit an kleine Patienten angepasstenNormwerten.
Genau hingehört
Authors: Sengebusch Jürgen , Herzog Michael 
Published: March 2022

SummaryIndikationen für die Untersuchung des Atemapparats sind unter anderem Leitsymptome wie Husten, Auswurf und Thoraxschmerzen. Vor der Untersuchung der Atemwege werden die Patienten inspiziert. Dabei ist unter anderem auf Zyanose, Blässe, Atemtypus, Atemgeräusche und Veränderungen der Thoraxform zu achten. Durch die Auskultation der Atemwege kann man unter anderem pathologische Atemgeräusche wie Rassel- oder Reibegeräusche, Stridor oder projiziertes Bronchialatmen erkennen.
„Das ist vorher gar nicht absehbar“? –
Forschungsethische Fragen in der qualitativen Versorgungsforschung. Eine
Befragungsstudie mit Forschenden.
Authors: Ullrich Charlotte , Jünger Saskia , Kremeike Kerstin , Xyländer Margret , Preiser Christine 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Versorgungsforschung ist von Multidisziplinarität
und Methodenpluralität gekennzeichnet. Die Medizin bildet einen
wichtigen Orientierungspunkt, auch in der Adressierung forschungsethischer
Fragen. Zugleich werden in sozialwissenschaftlichen Fächern jedoch die
etwa in der Medizin etablierten stark formalisierten Begutachtungsverfahren
gerade aus der Perspektive qualitativ Forschender kontrovers diskutiert. Wenig
ist bisher darüber bekannt, welche disziplin- und methodenspezifischen
forschungsethischen Fragen sich in der Forschungspraxis der qualitativen
Versorgungsforschung stellen.
Methodik Im Sommer 2019 wurde eine Online-Befragung mit
Versorgungsforscher*innen zu zwei Themenschwerpunkten
durchgeführt: a) Forschungsethische Fragen in der Praxis qualitativer
Versorgungsforschung und genutzte Formen der Reflexion und Beratung und b)
Erfahrungen mit der Begutachtung durch Ethikkommissionen. Der Fragebogen
enthielt zehn offene Fragen, die Antworten wurden inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Veröffentlichung ist der erste
Themenschwerpunkt.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt haben 73 Personen mit heterogenem fachlichen
Hintergrund und durchschnittlich gut sieben Jahren Arbeitserfahrung in der
Versorgungsforschung an der Befragung teilgenommen. Als zentrale
forschungsethische Fragen wurden berichtet: a) Legitimität und
Antizipation ethischer Herausforderungen in der Planung der Forschung, b)
Feldzugang, Einwilligung und Belastungen während der Datenerhebung, c)
Anonymisierung und Datenschutz in der Datenaufbereitung, d) Datenanalyse, e)
Veröffentlichung von Ergebnissen und Daten sowie f) den
Forschungsprozess übergreifende Themen wie zentrale Grundsätze
und Ziele der Forschung sowie die Rolle der Forschenden. Als Formate der
Reflexion über diese Themen wurden v. a. die Auseinandersetzung
mit Texten und Regularien und Austausch und Beratung angegeben.
Schlussfolgerungen Die erhobenen Daten dokumentieren zum einen typische
zentrale forschungsethische Fragen, mit denen sich Forscher*innen im
Kontext der qualitativen Versorgungsforschung konfrontiert sehen; zum anderen
verweisen sie darüber hinaus auf Leerstellen und weniger beachtete
Themen. Eine systematisierende ethische Reflexion könnte diese Befunde
aufnehmen, um fachspezifische Prinzipien und Formen für die
Auseinandersetzung mit und Lösung von forschungsethischen Fragen zu
entwickeln.
Intrauterine Invagination als Ursache einer
Dünndarmatresie
Authors: Zenk Philipp Wolfgang , Reisig Andreas , von Schweinitz Dietrich , Rieck Eva 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungInvaginationen betreffen in der Regel Kinder im ersten Lebensjahr, sie
können sehr selten aber auch bereits intrauterin auftreten. Wir
berichten von einem Neugeborenen mit Mekoniumverhalt, wiederholtem Erbrechen und
distendiertem Abdomen in der ersten Lebenswoche. Nach radiologischer Diagnose
eines gastrointestinalen Passagehindernis’ erfolgt am 7. Lebenstag die
explorative Laparatomie. Hier zeigt sich ein atretisches distales Ileum und
aboral davon eine Invagination. Nach Resektion dieser Darmabschnitte gelingt
eine End-zu-End-Anastomose. Der postoperative Verlauf ist unkompliziert. Der
Fall veranschaulicht, dass bei einem gastrointestinalen Passagehindernis in der
Neonatalperiode auch an eine Invagination als Ursache gedacht werden sollte.
Eine rasche Diagnostik und gute interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit mit den
Kollegen der Kinderchirurgie sind ausschlaggebend für einen
zufriedenstellenden Verlauf.
Schulgesundheitsfachkräfte in Deutschland – Vom
Modell zum Regelangebot in zwei Bundesländern
Authors: Maulbecker-Armstrong Catharina , Braksch Gudrun , Janiczek Oliver , Schulenberg Dieter , Striegel Ulrich 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungAn 37 öffentlichen Schulen wurden in Brandenburg und Hessen seit 2017
erstmalig in Deutschland Schulgesundheitsfachkräfte eingesetzt und zum
Teil verstetigt. Die organisatorischen Rahmenbedingen, das
Tätigkeitsspektrum und eine Kosten-Nutzen-Bewertung des Einsatzes der
Schulgesundheitsfachkräfte aus den Erfahrungen der beiden Modellprojekte
werden vorgestellt mit dem Ziel eine bundesweite Etablierung des
Schulgesundheitsfachkräfteeinsatzes an öffentlichen Schulen zu
unterstützen.
Facile Access to α-Substituted β-Thio Enals from 1,2,3-Triazines and Thiols
Authors: Li Baosheng , Luo Han , Lu Qixing , Xu Mingchuan , Gu Mingxi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHerein, a chemoselective cascade addition reaction is reported, which starts from 1,2,3-triazines and thiols to access several different α-substituted β-thio enals and their derivatives in a green and efficient synthesis. In terms of applications, readily available substrates, diversity of products, and mild reaction system make this strategy highly attractive.
Is Serum Endocan Level an Indicator of the Severity of Childhood Community-Acquired Pneumonia?
Authors: Bekis Bozkurt Hayrunnisa , Gümüs Abdullah , Ergüven Müferet 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum endocan, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios (NLR), and the severity of the disease in childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) cases.
Methods This cross-sectional designed study included 30 pneumonia cases and 30 severe pneumonia cases aged between 3 months and 18 years who were hospitalized and treated in our hospital with the diagnosis of CAP. We also included 30 healthy controls in the same age range. Pearson's correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyzes were performed.
Results PCT, endocan, NLR, and CRP levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with severe pneumonia. Sensitivity and specificity values in detecting pneumonia were 72.5 and 93% for PCT, 78.4 and 83.3% for CRP, 78.4 and 76.7% for endocan, and 64.7 and 63.3% for NLR. However, the area under the curve in ROC analysis were 0.821, 0.840, 0.842, and 0.670 for PCT, CRP, endocan, and NLR respectively.
Conclusion Endocan may be a marker of the diagnosis of pneumonia and not clinical severity, but studies are needed in large patient populations.
Do electoral reforms tend to favour the incumbents? A quantitative analysis
Authors: Patkós Veronika , Stump Árpád 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectoral reforms offer an opportunity to incumbents to change the rules strategically, for their own benefits. From this aspect, the low number of studies addressing the effect of incumbents’ potential strategic manipulations of the electoral rules is striking. Most research analyses single reform cases, offering an overview of the context, the negotiations, and the outcome of the reform process. Comparative research on strategic electoral manipulation, however, is scarce, and almost non-existent on non-transitional settings or established democracies. To fill this gap, the present study examines whether European electoral reforms have served the short-term interest of the incumbent parties, analysing data in 30 European countries of all relevant electoral reforms carried out between 1960 and 2011. Interestingly, the results do not support the assumption that incumbent parties generally benefit from carrying out a reform. Moreover, it finds no substantial differences in this regard between major and minor reforms, and neither the age of democracies nor the timing of the reform has a significant effect on reformers’ gains. The paper discusses possible explanations for the negative effect found, and it concludes that, apart from promoting self-interest and the unpredictability of the reforms’ effects, the most probable causes are the reformers’ alternative goals.
Long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme A inhibits NME1/2 and regulates cancer metastasis
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Nelson Ornella D. , Price Ian R. , Zhu Chengliang , Lu Xuan , Fernandez Irma R. , Weiss Robert S. , Lin Hening 
Published: March 2022

Significance
The study provided a long-sought molecular mechanism that could explain the link between fatty acid metabolism and cancer metastasis. Further understanding may lead to new strategies to inhibit cancer metastasis. The chemical proteomic approach developed here will be useful for discovering other regulatory mechanisms of protein function by small molecule metabolites.
Antifascist argumentation in Giacomo Matteotti’s 1924 speech to the Italian Parliament
Authors: Brambilla Emanuele 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Decades after the Second World War, fascism is still rife in Europe. After acknowledging a certain difficulty on the part of contemporary antifascist arguers to affirm their tenets and discredit those of their opponents, this investigation looks back at the past to examine an inspiring antifascist speech. The speech that socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti delivered to the Italian Parliament in 1924 is analysed though the methodological lens of Pragma-dialectics, focusing on the notions of strategic manoeuvring, argumentative structure and argumentative style. The results show that Matteotti’s argumentation against the fascists hinged on facts and rules as premises of argumentation. The speaker supported his arguments with factual evidence and organised them in a multiple argumentation structure. In addition, he “dressed up” his speech, apparently characterised by a detached argumentative style, with traits of a more engaged style, whose combination has turned Matteotti’s invective against the fascist regime into an argumentative masterpiece.
Investigating bilinguals’ cognitive processing of affective words in minimal linguistic contexts
Authors: Doqaruni Vahid Rahmani 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The main aims of the present study are, first, to extend the current cognitive research on affective word
processing in bilinguals by analyzing affective words in minimal linguistic contexts and, second, to explore the potential impact
of the affective valence of prime nouns on the affective valence of target adjectives. To fulfill these aims, a semantic decision
task was employed in which the Persian-English bilinguals saw a pair of words one after another, and were asked to decide whether
or not the target word, which was an adjective loaded with positive or negative valence, was related in meaning to the preceding
word, which was a noun. Mixed factorial repeated measure ANOVA was run on reaction times and error rates data. The results showed
that bilinguals’ responses were slower and less accurate to negative target adjectives in comparison to positive target
adjectives. The data further revealed that bilinguals were faster but less accurate when they were responding to related target
adjectives compared to unrelated target adjectives. The results provide evidence for a dynamic interaction between cognitive and
affective language processing in bilinguals.
Elephant Viewing, Honey Production and Joint-Venture Tourism at Ndzou Camp, Chimanimani National Reserve, Mozambique
Authors: Spenceley Anna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ndzou Camp is a 22-bed ecotourism development located in the Moribane Forest Reserve, in the buffer zone of the Chimanimani National Reserve in Mozambique. Ndzou is a joint venture between Kubatana Moribane, a local community association, and the Mozambican private company Eco-Micaia Lda (Eco-Micaia). After eight years of operating accommodation, elephant tracking, forest walks and visits to local communities and sacred places, Ndzou was still operating at the fringes of commercial viability. Despite this, the camp has provided a platform for a wider engagement process in the forest zone, including expansion of a honey production programme, promotion of sustainable agriculture and the creation of community managed conservation areas.

Information
Snyman, S. and Spenceley, A. (2019) Private Sector Tourism in Conservation Areas in Africa, CABI
© CAB International 2022
Determination of the charge for strange stars
Authors: Estevez - Delgado Joaquin , Estevez-Delgado Gabino 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Beginning from the proposal of a physically acceptable model to represent the interior of compact stars, in which their interior is formed by a strange matter distribution described by a charged fluid with anisotropic pressure, a MIT Bag equation of state for the radial pressure

P

r

=

1

3

(

c

2

ρ
−
4

B

g

)

and metric functions given by a geometry that describes a regular, static and spherically symmetric space-time, we will determine the possible charge of some strange stars, or candidates, for which we know their radius and mass in an observational manner. As are: EXO 1785-248, SAX J1808.4-3658, SMC X-1, LMC X-4, Her X-1 and 4U 1538-52. The values of the Bag constant, B

g
, are found between 119.8 Mev/fm3 and 176.41 Mev/fm3. Meanwhile the interval of the electric charge is found between 1.5453 × 1018 C and 7.6271 × 1019 C, the minimum corresponds to the star Her X-1 and the maximum to the star SMCX-1. Also, we show that for each fixed value of compactness u = GM/c
2
R, we obtain that, for greater values of the Bag constant the net charge diminishes and as the compactness increases the associated Bag constant increases as well.
A review of MEMS-based metal oxide semiconductors gas sensor in Mainland China
Authors: Niu Gaoqiang , Wang Fei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the growing demand for gas monitoring in various fields as the fast development of the internet of things, metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) gas sensors based on the advanced microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology have achieved great developments in the past decades, especially in mainland China. This review summarizes the development of MEMS-based MOSs gas sensors in terms of the MEMS micro-hotplate, wafer-scale deposition and patterning methods for MOS materials, and several latest applications. Various designs of the micro-hotplates have been proposed, particularly, the suspended membrane type with low power consumption. By combining the ‘bottom up’ and the ‘top down’ strategies, MEMS provides a promising solution for wafer-scale fabrication process of MOSs based gas sensors, which have been successfully applied for the detection of ethanol, H2, H2S, toluene, HCHO, Freon etc. With the diversiform nano-structures of MOSs and emerging machine learning algorithm, great progress has been made recently on the aspects of the sensing performance, pulse heating and intelligent sensing systems.
A high-voltage GaN quasi-vertical metal–insulator–semiconductor Schottky barrier diode on Si with excellent temperature characteristics
Authors: Song Xiufeng , Sun Baorui , Zhang Jincheng , Zhao Shenglei , Bian Zhaoke , Liu Shuang , Zhou Hong , Liu Zhihong , Hao Yue 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this work, a GaN quasi-vertical metal–insulator–semiconductor Schottky barrier diode (MIS SBD) on Si is demonstrated for the first time. A 4.2 nm thick SiN dielectric is adopted to suppress the reverse leakage. Both the thermionic emission current and the tunneling current under reverse bias are reduced by the SiN interlayer. As a result, the leakage of the MIS SBD is effectively reduced by more than two orders of magnitude and the breakdown voltage (BV) is improved from 121 V for a conventional SBD to 288 V for the MIS SBD. The temperature-dependent reverse I–V characteristics show high-temperature stability of the MIS SBD and the leakage maintains a very low level even at a high temperature of 400 K. In addition, the interface state density is extracted using the conductance method. The quasi-vertical MIS SBD structure exhibits an enhanced BV and excellent temperature characteristics, which indicate that this technique holds great promise for future high-power and high-temperature applications.
Influence of transitional and turbulent flow on electrical, optical, morphological and chemical characteristics of a nitrogen rotating gliding arc
Authors: J Ananthanarasimhan , Rao Lakshminarayana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The work reports the effect of flow regime on plasma characteristics of an atmospheric

N
2

rotating gliding arc (RGA). When changed from transitional (5 SLPM) to turbulent (50 SLPM) flow, operation mode transitioned from glow to spark discharge due to frequent reignition events; the average reduced electric field (

E
N

) and electron temperature raised (38

→

92 Td, 0.84

→

2.2 eV); and gas temperature (T

g
) slightly cooled (2973

→

2807 K). Molecules generated for 100 eV of energy input (G–factor) increased by a factor of 20 and 65, for the chemically active singlet and triplet metastable states of

N
2

, respectively—a promising feature for chemical applications. A sudden three fold increase in the energy efficiency, achieving a destruction of

3.0

±

0.2

g·kWh−1 of dilute toluene (

112

±

10

ppmV) at highly turbulent flow corroborated the enhancement of the G–factor,

E
N

and T

g
; and indicated the sensitivity of plasma properties to the flow regime. Interestingly, for flows having Reynolds number

⩾

3
×

10

4

, the bandhead of

N
2
+

shifted from 0–0 at 391.4 nm to 3–3 at 383.3 nm attributed to higher-level perturbations, showing again the sensitivity. The smallest eddies (

η
≈
6

μ

m) is less than the discharge diameter (

d

d

≈

220±90 µm), and thermal/mass Péclet number

>

1. The eddies of size

⩽

d

d

advected the plasma species, wrinkled/distorted the discharge, and increased the reignition events, eventually affected the plasma properties including the chemical performance (energy efficiency), which is observed in this work.
Extended convolution model for computing the far-field directivity of an amplitude-modulated parametric loudspeaker
Authors: Shi Chuang , Wang Yue , Xiao Han , Li Huiyong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The convolution model of the parametric loudspeaker describes the far-field directivity of the difference-frequency wave by the product directivity of two ultrasonic primary frequencies convolved with Westervelt’s directivity. This can be extended to the case when the primary wave is amplitude-modulated thus resulting in the harmonic distortion of the self-demodulated wave. This paper proposes the extended convolution model with Westervelt’s directivity and Berktay’s directivity respectively. The angle-dependent harmonic distortion of the parametric loudspeaker is thereafter investigated, which is a topic not often mentioned in previous literature but is of significance in practice. The measurement, numerical simulation and model results are compared for the case when the double sideband modulation is adopted and the frequency response of the ultrasonic emitter is a known factor. The comparison validates that the extended convolution model provides accurate predictions that are consistent with the measurement results and the extended convolution model is a simpler way to compute the far-field directivity of an amplitude-modulated parametric loudspeaker as compared to the numerical simulation.
Reliability verification of stress data from extracted specimens using LCR wave stress data from full-section rail specimens
Authors: Hwang Young-In , Lee Hyosung , Kim Yong-Il , Kim Ki-Bok 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Non-destructive stress measurement using ultrasonic techniques is based on calculation of the acoustoelastic coefficient obtained from the relationship between material stress and sound wave velocity. Longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) waves are the most suitable for ultrasonic stress measurement testing. This is because these waves exhibit a relatively large change in flight time in relation to a change in stress. In general, to calculate the acoustoelastic coefficient, tensile tests are performed with specimens extracted from the test objects to be inspected, and the difference in the speed of ultrasonic waves is measured in relation to the stress applied. However, train rails are usually subjected to compressive loads and no research has been conducted to confirm whether the results obtained using this method match the coefficients obtained from test objects in full cross-section. Therefore, results from compression tests on full cross-section specimens are needed as reference data to determine the reliability of the results obtained using extracted specimens. In this study, experiments were conducted to compare the result from applying compressive loads to full cross-section specimens to the experimental result obtained from specimens extracted from each rail section. For this purpose, ultrasonic probes capable of generating LCR waves were designed and manufactured to apply the technique to measure the applied stress. Based on the results obtained using this probe, the acoustoelastic coefficient values obtained from each specimen were compared. Then, the feasibility of calculating the internal stresses in railway rails using the acoustoelastic constants obtained from the extracted specimens was determined, and the reliability of the method was verified. It was concluded that there was no significant difference in the acoustoelastic coefficients calculated using the data from extracted specimens and those using full cross-section specimens.
Averaging of dispersion managed nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Choi Mi-Ran , Lee Young-Ran 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We consider the dispersion managed power-law nonlinear Schrödinger (DM NLS) equations with a small parameter ɛ > 0 and the averaged equation, which are used in optical fiber communications. We prove that the solutions of DM NLS equations converge to the solution of the averaged equation in

H

1

(

R

)

as ɛ goes to zero. Meanwhile, in the positive average dispersion, we obtain the global existence of the solution to DM NLS equation in

H

1

(

R

)

for sufficiently small ɛ > 0, even when the exponent of the nonlinearity is beyond the mass-critical power.