bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EAN Perspective
Authors: Bassetti C. 
Published: February 2022

29th European Congress of Psychiatry (EPA 2021) „You can tell a good workman by his tools: The instruments of psychiatrists, psychologists and neurologists: Why so different?“ The term psychology („the study of the soul“) appeared for the first time in a printed book of Freigius in 1578, while the term neurology („the study of the form and function of the nervous system“) was coined by Willis in 1664 and that of psychiatry („the medical treatment of the soul“) by Reil in 1808. First physicians to devote entirely to neurology appeared in the midst of the 19th century in France, Germany, and England. Around this time neurology, (biological) psychiatry and (experimental) psychology converged to share similar roots in the brain. The three disciplines separated (again) at the beginning of the 20th century. Neurology remained for over 100 years mainly a diagnostic discipline, in which history and clinical examination were expected to lead to the identification of a topographic syndrome (or lesion) and eventually its etiology. In the last 30 years neurology underwent a revolution. While the importance (and validity) of phenotypical diagnoses remained, new (e.g. neuroimaging, genetic) tools have made precise diagnoses and causal treatments increasingly possible, transforming neurology into a treating discipline. The author will discuss why the separation between neurology, psychiatry and psychology is artificial (and even harmful for patients), how the multidimensional tools developed over the years by these disciplines can be of common interest, and what the EAN does to promote interdisciplinary scientific, educational, and political collaborations.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Safety of esketamine nasal spray: Analysis of post-marketing reports submitted to the FDA adverse event reporting system in the first year on the market
Authors: Gastaldon C. , Raschi E. , Kane J. , Barbui C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe approval of the esketamine nasal spray for treatment-resistant depression in March 2019 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and few months later by the European Medicine Agency, triggered a vivid debate and many concerns, mainly because of the lack of convincing evidence on its efficacy and safety, based on the development programs, approval trials and few post-marketing trials.ObjectivesWe aimed to detect and characterize safety signals for esketamine, by analyzing relevant adverse events (AEs) reports in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database (March 2019-March 2020).MethodsWe performed disproportionality analysis through the case/non-case approach: reporting odds ratios (ROR) and information components (IC) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated for esketamine-related AEs with at least four counts. We compared serious and non-serious AEs using non-parametrical tests.ResultsThe FAERS database registered 962 reports of esketamine-related AEs in one year. Signals (i.e., statistically significant disproportionality) were detected for several AEs, such as dissociation, sedation, feeling drunk, suicidal ideation and completed suicide. Signals for suicidal ideation, but not suicide attempt and completed suicide, remained significant when comparing esketamine to venlafaxine. The comparison of patients with serious vs. non-serious esketamine AEs revealed that females, patients receiving antidepressant polypharmacy, co-medication with antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines or somatic medications were more likely to suffer from serious AEs.ConclusionsThis real-world pharmacovigilance analysis detected signals of serious unexpected esketamine-related AEs, thus reinforcing current worries regarding esketamine safety/acceptability. Further real-world studies are urgently needed to unravel the safety profile of esketamine.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Psychopharmacological treatment in dissociative identity disorder (DID)
Authors: Pinilla R. , Sabaté C. Rodríguez , Méndez B. Ordóñez , Sotillos A. , Mata A. Hernández 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPatients with dissociative identity disorder (DID) present two or more identities. Although it is a widely questioned diagnosis, it is currently found in the main DSM-5 and ICD-10 diagnostic manuals. So far there is no standard psychopharmacological treatment for people with this pathology.ObjectivesDescribe the pharmacological treatment associated with the clinical evolution of a patient with DID.MethodsFollow-up was carried out in a mental health center for a year, undergoing psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment. The information is taken from the medical history.ResultsThe patient presents with anxious and depressive symptoms. She was referred from primary care with 50mg sertraline without response. Dose was increased to 100mg without response. New management started with desvenlafaxine 100mg, associated with lorazepam, partially reducing the symptoms. Later, the patient presented self-referentiality, sounding of thought, began to describe frequent memory losses and a rebound in anxiety-depression symptoms, increasing the dose of desvenlafaxine to 200mg and introducing haloperidol to 1.5mg. Three months later, she presented showing another identity, active, aggressive, pythiatic, without evident anxious symptoms that she previously presented in a marked way. Desvenlafaxine was adjusted to 100mg and haloperidol to 0.5mg every 12 hours. The patient evolved favorably, decreasing anxiety, depressive symptoms and memory loss, in addition to disappearing psychotic symptoms. This treatment was sustained, keeping the patient psychopathological and functional stability and allowing a psychotherapeutic approach.ConclusionsTreatment with desvenlafaxine and haloperidol was favorable to maintain clinical stability and allow other therapeutic approaches.High dose of antidepressant could favor the expression of another identity of the patient.DisclosureNo significant relationships.Keywordantidepresive antipsicotic disociative memory-loss
Changes in sleep with transcranial magnetic stimulation in adults with treatment resistant depression: Preliminary results from a naturalistic study
Authors: Sonmez A.I. , Kay R. , Schmids S. , Peterson C. , Herman A. , Widge A. , Nahas Z. , Albott C.S. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSleep disturbance specifically insomnia, non-restorative sleep, and hypersomnia are common symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). As it alleviates major depressive disorder, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may improve associated sleep disturbances, and may also have inherent sedating or activating properties.ObjectivesTo examine the impact of TMS on sleep disturbances in adults with treatment resistant depression in a clinical setting, we retrospectively reviewed de-identified data from naturalistically-treated MDD patients undergoing an initial acute course of TMS therapy at St.Louis Park MinCEP Clinic.MethodsAdults with treatment-resistant depression received daily TMS treatments. 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) total scores were used to calculate % change at endpoint (relative to pretreatment baseline); response on both measures was defined as 50% reduction in scores, with remission defined as a final total score 4 on the PHQ-9. Insomnia was measured with a 3-item subscale of the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (IDS-SR). Hypersomnia was measured with a single IDS-SR item. Pairwise comparisons were performed using Student’s T-test. Categorical variables were compared using Fisher’s Exact test. Continuous outcome measures were tested with an analysis of covariance, using baseline PHQ-9 score as a fixed effect covariate.ResultsTMS appears to have differential modulatory effects on insomnia and hypersomnia in adults with treatment resistant depression.ConclusionsThese results may provide the basis for further investigation into therapeutic applications of TMS in addressing sleep disturbances in treatment-resistant depression. Measures that separate hypersomnia and insomnia should be implemented in future work addressing effects of TMS in treatment-resistant depression.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Prediction of quality of life in schizophrenia using machine learning models on data from clinical antipsychotic trials of intervention effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial
Authors: Beaudoin M. , Potvin S. , Hudon A. , Giguère C.-E. , Dumais A. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionSchizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder. While research focus remains mainly on negative outcomes, it is questionable whether we are placing enough emphasis on improving their sense of well-being and functioning. This could be accessed through the study of the quality of life (QoL). To date, QoL prediction models mainly focused on neurocognition and psychotic symptoms, but their predictive power remained limited.ObjectivesThe aim is to accurately predict the QoL within schizophrenia using unsupervised learning methods.MethodsWe computed variables from 952 patients from the CATIE study, a randomized, double-blind clinical trial for schizophrenia treatment. QoL was measured using the Heinrichs-Carpenter Quality of Life Scale and potential predictors included almost all available variables: symptoms, neurocognition, medication adherence, insight, adverse effects, etc. By optimizing parameters to reach optimal models, three linear regressions were calculated: (1) baseline predictors of 12-month QoL, (2) 6-month predictors of 12-month QoL, and (3) baseline predictors of 6-month QoL. Adjustments were made to ensure that included variables were not collinear nor redundant with QoL.ResultsCalculated models had adjusted R-squared of 0.918, 0.922 and 0.913, respectively. Best predictors were medication side effects, sociodemographic and neurocognitive variables. Low psychotic and depressive symptoms were also included, as well as lab values suggesting the absence of problems with chloremia and calcemia.ConclusionsCalculated predictive models explain almost all subsequent QoL. It appears that physical health variables, generally omitted from mental health-related studies, have an important impact on patients’ QoL. Therefore, interventions should also consider these aspects.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Efficacy and tolerability of lurasidone in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of short-term, randomized, placebo controlled trials
Authors: Hagi K. , Nosaka T. , Kane J. , Correll C. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionLurasidone is an atypical antipsychotic approved for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. We report on a meta-analysis focusing on both the efficacy and safety/tolerability of lurasidone in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia.ObjectivesTo obtain pooled estimates from placebo-controlled clinical trials on the efficacy and safety/tolerability of lurasidone in schizophrenia.MethodsWe selected acute, randomized placebo-controlled trials of lurasidone for schizophrenia. Primary outcome for efficacy was the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) change and for “acceptability” was all-cause discontinuation. Secondary outcomes included specific adverse events, body weight change, ≥7% weight gain, and glucose and lipid parameter change.ResultsAcross 10 RCTs (n=3,963, age=40.5±2.3 years, males=64.7 %, trial duration=6.0 weeks), lurasidone outperformed placebo regarding the PANSS total score (N=10, n=3,354, SMD=-0.34, 95% CI: -0.47−-0.21, p<0.001). Stratifying the analysis by dose, lurasidone significantly outperformed placebo at doses 40-160 mg/day. Lurasidone was associated with significantly lower all-cause discontinuation than placebo (N=10, n=3,410, RR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.78−0.97, p=0.014). Lurasidone had significantly higher body weight change compared with placebo (N=10, n=3,359, SMD=0.17, 95% CI: 0.09−0.24, p<0.001), but without significant differences regarding ≥7% body weight gain (N=9, n=3,186, p=0.112). Lurasidone did not differ from placebo in total cholesterol (N=10, n=3,140, p=0.439), LDL-cholesterol (N=7, n=2,414, p=0.849), triglycerides (N=10, n=3,140, p=0.238), and fasting glucose change (N=10, n=3,112, p=0.633).ConclusionsIn short-term trials, lurasidone was efficacious, acceptable and safe, having minimal effect on body weight gain and glucose and lipid metabolism.DisclosureK. Hagi is a full time employee of Sumitomo Dainippon Phrma Co., Ltd.
Altered brain functional dynamics in auditory and visual networks in schizophrenia
Authors: You W.F. , Luo L. , Li F. , Gong Q. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionOne of the most perplexing and characteristic symptoms of the schizophrenia (SZ) patients is hallucination. The occurrence of hallucinations to be associated with altered activity in the auditory and visual cortex but is not well understood from the brain functional network dynamics in SZ.ObjectivesTo explore the brain abnormal basis of hallucinations in SZ with the dynamic functional connectivity (dFC).MethodsUsing magnetic resonance imaging for 83 SZ patients and 83 matched healthy controls and independent component analysis, 52 independent components (ICs) were identified as nodes and assigned into eight intrinsic connectivity networks (Figure 1A). Subsequently, we established dFC matrices and clustered them into four discrete states (Figure 1B) and three state transition metrics were obtained. To further explore the changes in the centrality of each component, eigenvector centrality (EC) was calculated and its time-varying was evaluated.ResultsCompared to controls with FDR correction, we found that patients had more mean dwell times and fractional time in state 1 (P=0.0081 and P=0.0018), mainly with hypoconnectivity between auditory and visual network and other networks and hyperconnectivity between language and default-mode network (DMN). While, patients had less dwell times and fractional time in state 3 (P=0.0018 and P=0.0009), and decreased FC between visual network and executive control network (ECN) and increased FC between ECN and DMN than controls (Figure 2).EC statistics showed that SZs displayed increased temporal dynamics in visual-related regions (Figure 3).ConclusionsSZ was mainly manifested as altered dFC and temporal variability of nodal centrality in auditory and visual networks.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Cardiological health in patients with schizophrenia. A prospective cohort study
Authors: Nielsen R. Ernst , Rodrigo-Domingo M. , Jørgensen L. , Hostrup C. Tranekær , Jensen S. Eggert 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionPatients with schizophrenia have a four-fold increased all-cause and a doubled cardiovascular mortality rate as compared to the general population.ObjectivesThe study overall investigates the point-prevalence and prospective changes in cardiovascular risk factors in patients with schizophrenia, with baseline demographics of participants presented here.MethodsA prospective study of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia divided into two subpopulations consisting of newly diagnosed (≤2 years from baseline in study (group A)) or chronic (diagnosed ≥10 years from baseline in study (group B)).ResultsA total of 199 patients (57 diagnosed ≤2 years preceding baseline and 142 diagnosed ≥10 years ago) were included. Group A had been diagnosed for an average of 1.13±0.58 years and 21.19±7.62 years in group B. The majority (n=135 (67.8%)) were diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. At baseline PANSS total (median[Q1;Q3]) for group A was 61.0[51.0;76.0] and 60.0[48.0;76.0] for group B, with PANNS Positive being 17.0[13.0;20.0] and 15.0[12;19], PANSS Negative being 16.0[11.0;20.0] and 14.5[10.0;20.0], and PANSS General being 28.0[22.0;35.0] and30.0 [25.0;37.0], respectively. No difference in Clinical Global Impression was observed between groups ((median[Q1;Q3): 4.0[3.0;4.0] in both groups). Lastly, global assessment of function was similar between groups ((median[Q1;Q3): group A symptom: 38.5[37.0;46.0] and group B 41.0[37.0;52.0], and with function being 48.0[44.5;53.5] in group A and 45.5[41.0;53.0] in group B).ConclusionsProspective studies investigating prevalence of and prospective changes in cardiovascular risk in patients with schizophrenia are essential to understand the increased all-cause and cardiovascular specific mortality. Demographic descriptions of participants are essential to estimate generalizability in different treatment settings.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A polydiagnostic approach to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia
Authors: Sánchez-Torres A. , Gil-Berrozpe G. , Lorente-Omeñaca R. , Zandio M. , Moreno-Izco L. , De Jalón E. García , Ribeiro M. , Peralta V. , Cuesta M. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCognitive deficits are common, clinically relevant and closely linked to poor functional outcomes in everyday functioning in patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses.ObjectivesTo ascertain to which extent a polydiagnostic assessment of schizophrenia is associated with clinically-derived criteria of cognitive impairment and gold-standard neuropsychological assessment.MethodsWe assessed 98 patients with a psychotic disorder. We tested if patients met criteria for schizophrenia according to five diagnostic classifications: Krapelin, Bleuler, Schneider, ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Also, we applied a set of clinically-derived criteria to assess cognitive impairment associated with psychosis (CIAPs). Gold-standard neuropsychological assessment was administered, covering the cognitive domains included in the MATRICS Cognitive Battery: attention, processing speed, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, executive function and social cognition. MANOVAs were performed to test the association between polydiagnostic and clinically-derived criteria and neuropsychological assessment.ResultsMANOVA profile analyses revealed that patients who met CIAPs criteria showed cognitive impairment in all the cognitive domains except for social cognition. Patients diagnosed with Kraepelin’s criteria showed significant differences in processing speed, visual memory, working memory and GCI. Patients fulfilling Bleuler and DSM-IV criteria showed significant deficits in processing speed and verbal memory, respectively. Schneider and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria did not reveal differences in cognition between patients who fulfilled these criteria.ConclusionsCIAPs criteria were the most accurate classifying patients with cognitive impairment, followed by Kraepelin’s criteria, which were the ones among diagnostic criteria which better differentiated patients regarding cognitive impairment. These criteria take into consideration the outcome in addition to symptoms.DisclosureThis work was supported by the Government of Navarra (grants 17/31, 18/41, 87/2014) and the Carlos III Health Institute (FEDER Funds) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (14/01621 and 16/02148). Both had no further role in the study des
Lurasidone in adolescents with schizophrenia: Sustained remission and recovery during 2 years of open-label treatment
Authors: Tocco M. , Pikalov A. , Deng L. , Goldman R. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCompared with adult onset, early onset schizophrenia is typically characterized by greater illness severity and less favorable prognosis.ObjectivesTo evaluate the proportion of adolescent patients with schizophrenia who achieved sustained remission and recovery during 2 years of treatment with lurasidone.MethodsPatients aged 13-17 years with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of schizophrenia, and a Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) total score ≥70 and <120, were randomized to 6 weeks of double-blind (DB), fixed-dose treatment with lurasidone (37 or 74 mg/d) or placebo. Patients who completed 6 weeks of DB treatment were eligible to enroll in a 2-year, open-label (OL), flexible dose extension study of lurasidone (18.5-74 mg/d). Criteria for sustained remission, were the 6-month consensus criteria summarized by Andreasen (Am J Psych 2005;162:441-9). Criteria for sustained recovery consisted of meeting sustained remission criteria with a Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) score ≥70 for at least 6-months indicating no clinically significant functional impairment.ResultsA total of 271 patients completed the 6-week DB study and entered the extension study, and 186 (68.6%) and 156 (57.6%) completed 52 weeks and 104 weeks of treatment, respectively. During OL treatment with lurasidone, 52.8% met sustained remission criteria, with a Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimate of 64.1 weeks for median time to sustained remission; and 28.8% met sustained recovery criteria, KM estimate of 104.6 weeks for median time to sustained recovery.ConclusionsFor adolescents with schizophrenia, treatment with lurasidone was associated with high rates of sustained remission and sustained recovery over a two-year period.DisclosureEmployee of Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc. The study summarized in this Abstract was supported by funding from Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc
The prevalence of anxiety and depression in transgender people living in russia
Authors: Chumakov E. , Ashenbrenner Y. , Petrova N. , Zastrozhin M. , Azarova L. , Limankin O. 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionThe prevalence rates of mental health issues, particularly anxiety and depression, is high among transgender people. However, the incidence of anxiety and depression in transgender people living in Russia is unclear until now.ObjectivesTo examine the frequency of anxiety and depression in transgender people living in Russia.MethodsThe Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used for online screening for symptoms of anxiety and depression in transgender people living in Russia throughout November 2019. 588 transgender adults living in all Federal Districts of Russia (mean age 24.0±6.7) were included in the final analysis. 69.6% (n=409) of the survey participants indicated the direction of transition as transmasculine (TM), 23.1% (n=136) – as transfeminine (TW), and 7.3% (n=43) – as other (TO).ResultsIt was found that 45.1% (n=265) and 24.0% (n=141) of transgender people had clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression, respectively (HADS score of 11 or higher). The rates of anxiety (TM=10.21±4.68; TW=8.72±3.91; TO=10.72±4.43) and depression (TM=7.53±4.09; TW=7.40±4.19; TO=7.74±4.33) did not have statistically significant differences within the direction of transition. The anxiety and depression mean scores in all subgroups were statistically significantly higher than in the general Russian population (p<0.001; one sample t-test).ConclusionsOur findings suggest a high prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders in the transgender population as compared to the cisgender population in Russia. The identified frequency of anxiety and depression in transgender people in Russia is worrying and requires immediate action to improve the availability and quality of medical and psychological care for this group of people.DisclosureNo significant relationships.