bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a fine fiber film applied with a water‐based lotion to improve dry skin
Authors: Gabe Yu , Uchiyama Masayuki , Sasaoka Shun , Amari Naomi , Imai Asuka , Hachiya Akira , Kiyomine Akira 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDry skin can trigger eczema that affects >10% of the US population. Dressing films have been developed to improve diseased skin, but there is limited knowledge about their effects, especially for dry skin‐related symptoms. We developed an electrospinning method that creates a coating film, called a fine fiber (FF) film, characterized by the production of a transparent, thin, flexible, and adherent membrane on the skin surface.ObjectiveThe aim of this pilot study was to examine the effects of the FF film on dry skin.MethodsThree treatments (lotion only, lotion with the FF film, and lotion with an alternative film) were designed to treat subjects with rough skin on their lower legs. Twenty‐four females were enrolled and used either a water‐based lotion U or a petrolatum‐based lotion P and the FF film for 2 weeks followed by a regression phase for 1 week. Skin hydration and roughness scores were assessed as were the subjects’ perceptions of the effects.ResultsWhen the FF film was applied with lotion U, skin hydration was significantly improved even after 1 week, accompanied by a significant improvement of skin roughness and an increase in skin hydration by the end of the regression phase. An evaluation of moisture permeability suggested that the FF film, especially with lotion U, performed as a semipermeable membrane with optimal moisture healing effects on dry skin.ConclusionThe FF film together with a water‐based lotion is a promising treatment to quickly improve dry skin conditions.
Continuous record of Upper Ordovician (Katian) to lower Silurian (Telychian) global δ13C excursions in the Williston Basin
Authors: Husinec Antun , Leslie Stephen A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Williston Basin retained a high‐resolution record of global δ13C fluctuations during the ~13 Ma duration Upper Ordovician–lower Silurian, and is a possible missing link in correlations between Laurentian margins and its interior. This study integrates δ13C and conodont biostratigraphy to yield a high‐resolution, continuous composite spanning from the Upper Ordovician Aphelognathus grandis Zone into the lower Silurian Distomodus staurognathoides Zone. From oldest to youngest, six global δ13C excursions are identified: (1) Whitewater (=Moe) and (2) Elkhorn (=Paroveja) in the Amorphognathus divergens Zone; (3) LHICE (KaH?) in the Aphelognathus shatzeri Zone; (4) HICE in the Ozarkodina hassi Zone; (5) Early Aeronian within the Distomodus kentuckyensis–Pranognathaus tenuis zones and (6) late Aeronian within the Psuedolonchodina expansa–D. staurognathoides zones. This δ13C record helps to alleviate some of the uncertainties in determining the precise order, duration and timing of events influencing the biotic, climatic, oceanic and sea‐level evolution of the Upper Ordovician–lower Silurian successions across Laurentia.
Non‐canonical endogenous expression of voltage‐gated sodium channel NaV1.7 subtype by the TE671 rhabdomyosarcoma cell line
Authors: Ngum Neville M. , Aziz Muhammad Y. A. , Mohammed Latif Liaque , Wall Richard J. , Duce Ian R. , Mellor Ian R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe human TE671 cell line was originally used as a model of medulloblastoma but has since been reassigned as rhabdomyosarcoma. Despite the characterised endogenous expression of voltage‐sensitive sodium currents in these cells, the specific voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC) subtype underlying these currents remains unknown. To profile the VGSC subtype in undifferentiated TE671 cells, endpoint and quantitative reverse transcription–PCR (qRT‐PCR), western blot and whole‐cell patch clamp electrophysiology were performed. qRT‐PCR profiling revealed that expression of the SCN9A gene was ∼215‐fold greater than the SCN4A gene and over 400‐fold greater than any of the other VGSC genes, while western blot confirmed that the dominant SCN9A RNA was translated to a protein with a molecular mass of ∼250 kDa. Elicited sodium currents had a mean amplitude of 2.6 ± 0.7 nA with activation and fast inactivation V50 values of −31.9 ± 1.1 and −69.6 ± 1.0 mV, respectively. The currents were completely and reversibly blocked by tetrodotoxin at concentrations greater than 100 nm (IC50 = 22.3 nm). They were also very susceptible to the NaV1.7 specific blockers Huwentoxin‐IV and Protoxin‐II with IC50 values of 14.6 nm and 0.8 nm, respectively, characteristic of those previously determined for NaV1.7. Combined, the results revealed the non‐canonical and highly dominant expression of NaV1.7 in the human TE671 rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. We show that the TE671 cell line is an easy to maintain and cost‐effective model for the study of NaV1.7, a major target for the development of analgesic drugs and more generally for the study of pain.Key points
Undifferentiated TE671 cells produce a voltage‐sensitive sodium current when depolarised.
The voltage‐gated sodium channel isoform expressed in undifferentiated TE671 cells was previously unknown.

Through qRT‐PCR, western blot and toxin pharmacology, it is shown that undifferentiated TE671 cells dominantly (>99.5%) express the NaV1.7 isoform that is strongly associated with pain.

The TE671 cell line is, therefore, a very easy to maintain and cost‐effective model to study NaV1.7‐targeting drugs.
Effect of High Operating Temperatures on the Wear Characteristics of Boron Carbide and Ilmenite Reinforced LM13 Alloy-Based Composites
Authors: Gupta Rahul , Nanda Tarun , Pandey O. P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Wear properties of LM13 alloy-based composites were studied by using boron carbide (B4C) and ilmenite particles (FeTiO3) separately as reinforcement. The different weight percentage of reinforcement (5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt%) was added to the base alloy through stir-casting. A comparison of B4C reinforced composites (LB composites) and FeTiO3 reinforced composites (LI composites) was done on the basis of interfacial bonding, refinement/morphology of eutectic silicon, friction, and wear behavior (both at room temperature and elevated temperature conditions). Microstructural analysis revealed uniform distribution of ceramic particles in the matrix. Significant reduction in grain size and change in morphology was obtained for LB composites whereas strong interfacial bonding was obtained for LI composites. Higher hardness, lower wear-rate, and higher coefficient of friction (COF) values were shown by LB composites. A decrease in COF for LI composites (at room as well as high temperatures) corresponded to the lubricity effect of ilmenite particles. At room temperature, wear track and debris showed a change in wear mechanism from abrasive to delamination wear with an increase in load from 10 N to 50 N. Under elevated temperature conditions, these mechanisms were combined with oxidation wear.
Wear Characterization of Raceway Surface Profiles of Ball Screws
Authors: Zhou Chang-Guang , Wang Li-Dong , Shen Jun-Wan , Chen Chuan-Hai , Ou Yi , Feng Hu-Tian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Owing to the measurement difficulty and the required time needed to analyze wear processes of ball screws, very few studies have been reported. Here, on the basis of a test bench and a Taylor Hobson surface profilometer, the measuring procedure for the raceway surface profiles of ball screws was proposed first. Then the raceway surface profiles of a typical ball screw were measured after 1.42 million running revolutions. Finally, a combinational method including the statistical parameters, recurrence analysis, and fractal dimensional was used to characterize the lubricated wear process. Results show that the increase of the surface roughness (Ra) and maximum peak-to-valley height (Rz) can be up to 396% and 395%, the recurrence rate can decrease more than 59%, and the ratio between the minimum and maximum values of the fractal dimension can be 77% after 1.42 million running revolutions. Further analysis showed that the three methods all reflected the raceway wear dependence on the number of revolutions, and the linear correlation of the fractal dimension method with the number of revolutions was the strongest, which provides a new way to predict the wear states of ball screws by monitoring the worn states of the raceway surface profiles.
Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a Hybrid Robot
Authors: Shen Nanyan , Yuan Hengming , Li Jing , Wang Zirui , Lu Ninghe , Lu Yushun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The unique structure of hybrid robot makes its dynamic characteristic different from that of the traditional machine tools. Therefore, the dynamic model is crucial to both designing and application of hybrid robot. In this paper, a new type of five-degrees-of-freedom (5DoF) hybrid robot is introduced, and its dynamic model is established. First, the kinematic formulas are derived for all the component, and then, the inertia forces or moments are calculated. Second, the active forces or moments in the joints are assumed as variables and the number of variables is reduced by analyzing joint types. Then, an equation set of 36 equilibrium equations with 38 variables is obtained using D'Alembert's principle. Based on the spatial deformation compatibility analysis of two branches, two supplementary equations are derived to determine the solution of dynamic model of the hybrid robot with redundant constraints in its parallel mechanism. Several cases are studied by comparing with ADAMS simulation. The result shows the good accuracy of the proposed dynamic model, which provides a practical method to calculate the reaction force or moment in any joint at any instant for the hybrid robot and thus facilitates dimensional synthesis, trajectory optimization, and smoothing control.
New-Generation Low-Toxic I–III–VI2 Quantum Dots in Chemical Analysis
Authors: Ponomaryova T. S. , Novikova A. S. , Abramova A. M. , Goryacheva O. A. , Drozd D. D. , Strokin P. D. , Goryacheva I. Yu. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Luminescent quantum dots (QDs) of I–III–VI2 semiconductors present a new class of luminescence materials that combine unique optical and electronic properties while exhibiting low toxicity compared to conventional cadmium-based QDs. Advances in the colloidal synthesis of ternary QDs have been used to develop fluorescence chemical and biological sensors for the detection of various analytes. The review covers the main approaches to synthesizing QDs of the I–III–VI2 structure, the features of their structure and properties, and current trends in their use as low-toxic luminescent labels in biomedicine and chemical analysis.
Rapid, application-based survey to characterise the impacts of COVID-19 on LGBTQ+ communities around the world: an observational study
Authors: Adamson Tyler , Hanley Marguerite , Baral Stefan , Beyrer Chris , Wallach Sara , Howell Sean 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionEmerging evidence indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic, and the responses it has generated, have had disproportionate impacts on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) communities. This study seeks to build on existing information and provide regional insight.MethodsIn response, a cross-sectional survey was administered to a global sample of LGBTQ+ individuals (n=13 358) between 16 April and 20 May 2020 via the social networking application Hornet. The survey contained questions that characterise the impact of COVID-19 and associated mitigation strategies on economics, employment, mental health and access to healthcare.Results5191 (43.9%) individuals indicated they were somewhat, slightly or unable to meet basic needs with their current income, while 2827 (24.1%) and 4710 (40.1%) felt physically or emotionally unsafe in their living environment, respectively. 2202 individuals (24.7%) stated they are at risk for losing health insurance coverage. 2685 (22.7%) persons reported having skipped or cut meals as there was not enough money.ConclusionMany LGBTQ+persons who responded reported adverse consequences to mental health, economics, interruptions to care and lack of support from their government. This data is part of ongoing analyses but accentuates the unique needs of LGBTQ+ communities that will require targeted, ameliorative approaches.
Role of schools in community mobilisation to improve IYCF practices in 6–24-month-old tribal children in the Banswara district, India: findings from the qualitative PANChSHEEEL study
Authors: Lakhanpaul Monica , Roy Susrita , Lall Marie-Carine , Chaturvedi Hemant , Khanna Rajesh , Allaham Shereen , Demel Isabel-Cathérine , Benton Lorna , Vijay Virendra Kumar , Sharma Sanjay , Manikam Logan , Santwani Neha , Pattanaik Satya Prakash , Singh Tol , Pandya Pramod , Dang Priyanka , Parikh Priti 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveIndia has been struggling with infant malnutrition for decades. There is a need to identify suitable platforms for community engagement to promote locally feasible, resource efficient Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) interventions. This study aims to explore if and how schools could represent a site for community engagement in rural India, acting as innovation hubs to foster positive change in partnership with the Angawadi centres.DesignFive-phase formative study; A parallel mixed methods approach structured by a socioecological framework was used for data collection at individual, household and community levels. This paper focuses on the qualitative findings.SettingThis study was undertaken in nine villages within two blocks, ‘Ghatol’ and ‘Kushalgarh’, in the Banswara district of Rajasthan, India.Participants17 schools were identified. Interviews were conducted with local opinion leaders and representatives in the education sector, including principals, schoolteachers, block and district education officers. Across the nine study villages, information was gathered from 67 mothers, 58 paternal grandmothers using Focus Discussion Groups (FDGs) and 49 key respondents in Key Informant Interviews.ResultsSchools were considered an important community resource. Challenges included limited parental participation and student absenteeism; however, several drivers and opportunities were identified, which may render schools a suitable intervention delivery site. Enrolment rates were high, with schools and associated staff encouraging parental involvement and student attendance. Existing initiatives, including the mid-day meal, play opportunities and education on health and hygiene, further highlight the potential reliability of schools as a platform for community mobilisation.ConclusionsSchools have been shown to be functional platforms frequently visited and trusted by community members. With teachers and children as change agents, schools could represent a suitable setting for community mobilisation in future wider scale intervention studies. Expanding the supportive environment around schools will be essential to reinforce healthy IYCF practices in the long term.
Protocol for the Work Engagement and Well-being Study (SWELL): a randomised controlled feasibility trial evaluating the effects of mindfulness versus light physical exercise at work
Authors: Vainre Maris , Galante Julieta , Watson Peter , Dalgleish Tim , Hitchcock Caitlin 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionMental ill health is a major cause of disability. Workplaces are attractive for preventative interventions since most adults work; meanwhile, employers are interested in improving employees’ well-being and productivity. Mindfulness-based programmes are increasingly popular in occupational settings. However, there is inconsistent evidence whether mindfulness interventions improve work performance and how effective mindfulness-based programmes are, compared with other interventions, in preventing mental ill health.Methods and analysisIn this online randomised controlled feasibility trial, an anticipated 240 employees will be randomised to either a 4-week light physical exercise course or a mindfulness course of the same duration (1:1 allocation). The primary outcome is work performance, measured using the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire. We aim to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and procedural uncertainties of a randomised controlled trial in a workplace, calculate an effect size estimate to inform power calculations for a larger trial, and explore whether improved executive function and/or enhanced mental health could be potential mechanisms underlying the effect of mindfulness on work performance. Outcomes will be collected at baseline, postintervention and 12-week follow-up.Ethics and disseminationApproval has been obtained from Cambridge Psychology Research Ethics Committee. (PRE.2020072). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. A lay summary will be disseminated to a wider audience including participating employers.Trial registration numberNCT04631302.
Influence of work ability and smoking on the prognosis of long-duration activity-limiting neck/back pain: a cohort study of a Swedish working population
Authors: Bohman Tony , Holm Lena W , Lekander Mats , Hallqvist Johan , Skillgate Eva 
Published: April 2022

ObjectivesLong-duration activity-limiting neck/back pain is common, but the knowledge of what work and lifestyle factors that influence the prognosis is sparse. The objective was therefore to evaluate if two factors, good self-perceived work ability and no daily smoking, are associated with a favourable prognosis of long-duration activity-limiting neck/back pain in a working population, and if these exposures have a synergistic prognostic effect.DesignA prospective cohort study based on three subsamples from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort.SettingsA working population in Stockholm County, Sweden.ParticipantsIndividuals, 18–61 years old, reporting long-duration activity-limiting neck/back pain the previous 6 months at baseline in 2010 (n=5177).MeasuresThe exposures were: self-perceived work ability (categorised into good, moderate and poor) and daily smoking (no/yes). The outcome in 2014 was ‘absence of long-duration activity-limiting neck/back pain’ the previous 6 months representing a favourable prognosis of reported problems at baseline in 2010. Risk ratios (RRs) and risk differences (RDs) with 95% CI was estimated by general linear regressions, and the synergistic effect was estimated by the synergy index (SI) with 95% CI.ResultsParticipants with moderate or good work ability, respectively, had an adjusted RR for a favourable prognosis of 1.37 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.69), and 1.80 (1.49 to 2.17) in comparison with participants with poor work ability. The corresponding adjusted RD were 0.07 (0.02 to 0.11) and 0.17 (0.12 to 0.22). Participants not smoking on daily basis had an adjusted RR of 1.21 (1.02 to 1.42), and an adjusted RD of 0.05 (0.01 to 0.10) for a favourable outcome compared with daily smokers. The adjusted SI was 0.92 (0.60 to 1.43).ConclusionFor participants with long-duration activity-limiting neck/back pain, moderate or good self-perceived work ability and not being a daily smoker were associated with a favourable prognosis but having both exposures seemed to have no synergistic prognostic effect.
Population-wide active case finding and prevention for tuberculosis and leprosy elimination in Kiribati: the PEARL study protocol
Authors: Coleman Mikaela , Hill Jeremy , Timeon Eretii , Tonganibeia Alfred , Eromanga Baraniko , Islam Tauhid , Trauer James M , Chambers Stephen T , Christensen Amanda , Fox Greg J , Marks Guy B , Britton Warwick J , Marais Ben J 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionPopulation-wide interventions offer a pathway to tuberculosis (TB) and leprosy elimination, but ‘real-world’ implementation in a high-burden setting using a combined approach has not been demonstrated. This implementation study aims to demonstrate the feasibility and evaluate the effect of population-wide screening, treatment and prevention on TB and leprosy incidence rates, as well as TB transmission.Methods and analysisA non-randomised ‘screen-and-treat’ intervention conducted in the Pacific atoll of South Tarawa, Kiribati. Households are enumerated and all residents ≥3 years, as well as children <3 years with recent household exposure to TB or leprosy, invited for screening. Participants are screened using tuberculin skin testing, signs and symptoms of TB or leprosy, digital chest X-ray with computer-aided detection and sputum testing (Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra). Those diagnosed with disease are referred to the National TB and Leprosy Programme for management. Participants with TB infection are offered TB preventive treatment and those without TB disease or infection, or leprosy, are offered leprosy prophylaxis. The primary study outcome is the difference in the annual TB case notification rate before and after the intervention; a similar outcome is included for leprosy. The effect on TB transmission will be measured by comparing the estimated annual risk of TB infection in primary school children before and after the intervention, as a co-primary outcome used for power calculations. Comparison of TB and leprosy case notification rates in South Tarawa (the intervention group) and the rest of Kiribati (the control group) before, during and after the intervention is a secondary outcome.Ethics and disseminationApproval was obtained from the University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (project no. 2021/127) and the Kiribati Ministry of Health and Medical Services (MHMS). Findings will be shared with the MHMS and local communities, published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.