bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal magnetic resonance neuroimaging measures characteristic of early cART‐treated pediatric HIV: A feature selection approach
Authors: Khobo Isaac L. , Jankiewicz Marcin , Holmes Martha J. , Little Francesca , Cotton Mark F. , Laughton Barbara , van der Kouwe Andre J. W. , Moreau Allison , Nwosu Emmanuel , Meintjes Ernesta M. , Robertson Frances C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChildren with perinatally acquired HIV (CPHIV) have poor cognitive outcomes despite early combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). While CPHIV‐related brain alterations can be investigated separately using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS), structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and functional MRI (fMRI), a set of multimodal MRI measures characteristic of children on cART has not been previously identified. We used the embedded feature selection of a logistic elastic‐net (EN) regularization to select neuroimaging measures that distinguish CPHIV from controls and measured their classification performance via the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) using repeated cross validation. We also wished to establish whether combining MRI modalities improved the models. In single modality analysis, sMRI volumes performed best followed by DTI, whereas individual EN models on spectroscopic, gyrification, and cortical thickness measures showed no class discrimination capability. Adding DTI and 1H‐MRS in basal measures to sMRI volumes produced the highest classification performance . The best multimodal MRI set consisted of 22 DTI and sMRI volume features, which included reduced volumes of the bilateral globus pallidus and amygdala, as well as increased mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) in the right corticospinal tract in cART‐treated CPHIV. Consistent with previous studies of CPHIV, select subcortical volumes obtained from sMRI provide reasonable discrimination between CPHIV and controls. This may give insight into neuroimaging measures that are relevant in understanding the effects of HIV on the brain, thereby providing a starting point for evaluating their link with cognitive performance in CPHIV.
A novel start‐loss mutation of the SH2B3 gene in a family with myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Beghini Alessandro , Leuzzi Livia , Abazari Nazanin , Bossi Luca E. , Guido Valentina , Trojani Alessandra , Cairoli Roberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe ever‐increasing advances in high‐throughput sequencing have broadened our understanding of the genetic pathogenesis of Philadelphia‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Convergent studies have shown that MPN driver mutations associate with additional mutations found in genes coding for negative regulators of the JAK/STAT signaling, including the SH2B3 (SH2B‐adaptor protein 3, also known as LNK). Here, we describe a novel heterozygous start‐loss mutation of the SH2B3 gene (c.3G>A, SH2B3M?) in a consanguineous family characterized by recurrent early onset of JAK2V617F‐positive MPNs. The model represented by this pedigree suggests that the SH2B3 could be a predisposing mutation that facilitates the acquisition of driver mutations.
Outcome of older myeloma patients in relationship to comorbidities and availability of second‐generation novel agents in a real‐life setting
Authors: Lalive d’Epinay Murielle , Güsewell Sabine , Graf Nicole , Mey Ulrich J. M. , Driessen Christoph , Hitz Felicitas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMajor improvements in outcome of older patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have been achieved with the introduction of novel agents. Their impact in real‐life treatment of older patients is unclear. In this single center retrospective study, we analyzed the outcome of patients >65 years treated with first‐generation (FGNA) and second‐generation novel agents (SGNA) within two time periods 2012–2014 and 2015–2017. Patients were analyzed based on age, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), International Staging System stage, year of diagnosis and withdrawal of agents due to toxicities. Overall 96 patients were included for analysis. Median age was 73 years (range 65–90), 55 (57%) patients were 65–75 years and 41 (43%) were >75 years old. 84 patients received a first‐line therapy, whereas 45 patients had ≥2 lines of systemic therapy. 20 patients were consolidated with autologous stem cell transplantation. 12 patients had no systemic therapy at all. In 17 of 21 cases a FGNA and in 4 of 21 a SGNA was withdrawn due to toxicity. Median overall survival (OS) for all patients with systemic therapy was 4.75 years (95% CI, 3.05‐NA). Borderline significant improvement of OS was observed in patients diagnosed 2015–2017 compared to 2012–2014 with HR 0.57 (95% CI, 0.31–1.02) p = 0.06. OS significantly differed for comorbid patients with low and intermediate risk CCI, HR 1.94 (95% CI, 1.07–3.54), p = 0.03 in the overall population. OS in patients treated with SGNA was not significantly different in patients with intermediate versus low risk CCI (HR 1.48 (95% CI 0.43–5.14, p = 0.54)). In conclusion, we found a trend toward improved survival for older MM patients after the introduction of novel agents during the observed time period. In patients treated with SGNA a smaller effect that comorbidity negatively affects survival was observed.
Improving access to maternal care in Africa through telemedicine and digital health
Authors: Bilal Wajeeha , Mohanan Parvathy , Rahmat Zainab S. , Ahmed Gangat Shazil , Islam Zarmina , Essar Mohammad Yasir , Aborode Abdullah Tunde , Onyeaka Helen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccess to maternal health care is limited for women in Africa, while it remains a crucial determinant of maternal mortality and morbidity. The utilization of telemedicine and digital health can help remove barriers to access through economical and geographical convenience. In addition, feasible frameworks operating on themes such as technology, user acceptance, short‐term and long‐term funding, organizational factors, and political and legislative aspects can help overcome implementation challenges that persist in Africa and permit maximal utilization of telehealth to enhance maternal outcomes.
How do people get information for COVID‐19 according to age groups?
Authors: Yum Seungil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study highlights how people get important information on COVID‐19 according to age groups by employing social network analysis for Twitter. First, people have different key players according to the age groups. For example, while universities and journals play a crucial role in the adults' networks, news media have a significant impact on the elderly's networks. Second, people have different characteristics of social network groups according to age. For example, people belong to small groups, and barely communicate with others across the groups in the teens' networks, whereas people in each group have strong communication networks with other groups in the elderly's networks. Third, this study shows that people utilise different domains to share COVID‐19 information according to age. For example, while twitter.com ranks first in the children, teens, and elderly's networks, cnn.com places first in the adults' networks.
Energy and exergy analysis of the thermal distillation system using diesel engine waste thermal energy and radial finned tube evaporator
Authors: Kumar Satyendra , Chandra Prakash 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe performance of the waste heat‐driven distillation system was investigated. The waste heat energy in the exhaust gas of the 7‐hp diesel engine generator was utilized for distillation purposes. The thermal distillation system is comprised of a submerged copper tube evaporator and water‐cooled U‐tube condenser. Four copper tube evaporators were used, including one plain evaporator and three radial finned evaporators with pitch 30, 60, and 90 mm. The efficiency of the thermal distillation system was determined by varying engine load and evaporator type. The net recovered energy and exergy, overall first and second law efficiency, and distillate yield rate was determined relative to the applied load and evaporator type. The results revealed that the net recovered energy and exergy improved by 6.04%–23.22% and factor 1.07–1.23, respectively, at 75% engine load for radial finned evaporator with a pitch of 30 mm relative to plane tube evaporator. The distillate yield was also improved by 23.75% at the highest applied load 75% and the lowest radial fin pitch compared with the plane tube.
Comparison of bromocriptine and hydroxyethyl starch in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Authors: Zhang Qiaoli , Ma Yanmin , Bu Xiaomeng , Jia Chanwei , Liu Yanjun , Wang Shuyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of bromocriptine for prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).MethodsThe retrospective study included women at risk of OHSS who were receiving gonadotropin‐releasing hormone antagonist protocols, including 52 women given 2.5 mg bromocriptine by rectal insertion, 52 women given 500 ml intravenous hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and 40 women who received no intervention. Treatments were administered daily for 5 days beginning on the day of oocyte retrieval. Baseline information and data related to OHSS were compared.ResultsNo significant differences were found among groups in estradiol concentration on the day of trigger or in number of retrieved oocytes. Incidence of mild OHSS was not significantly different among groups, respectively 13.5%, 15.4%, and 17.5% (P > 0.05). The incidence of moderate to severe OHSS was significantly lower in the bromocriptine and HES groups compared with the control group, respectively 7.7%, 5.8%, and 22.5% (P < 0.05). D‐dimer levels were significantly lower in the bromocriptine and HES groups compared with the control group on Day 5 after oocyte retrieval (P < 0.05). No differences in liver or renal function were found in the three groups.ConclusionBromocriptine was apparently as effective as intravenous HES in patients with high risk of OHSS.
Vaginal fluid index – The fifth amniotic pocket
Authors: Zipori Yaniv , Lauterbach Roy , Justman Naphtali , Hajaj Areen , David Chen Ben , Ginsberg Yuval , Khatib Nizar , Weiner Zeev , Beloosesky Ron 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe forebag is a pocket of amniotic fluid preceding the fetal presenting part. Herein we describe the feasibility of transvaginal measurements of the forebag and assess its correlation with the standard amniotic fluid index (AFI).MethodsA prospective study was carried out between January 2019 and July 2020. Eligible cases were women with singletons, vertex presentation, and normal AFI at term. We assessed the implementation and acceptance of a novel process in the clinical practice setting. Feasibility was assessed by using transvaginal ultrasound to measure the three orthogonal planes of the forebag. The vaginal fluid index (VFI) was defined as the volume composite of the three orthogonal planes. Correlations of the forebag measurements with both AFI and maximal vertical pocket were then calculated.ResultsIn total, 292 out of 305 (95.7%) women were enrolled. All participants completed both transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound, of which the vaginal pocket was demonstrated in 266 (91.1%) cases. We found significant correlations, in both nulliparas and multiparas, between the vaginal pocket measurements and the VFI to both the AFI and maximal vertical pocket measurements (R = 0.38, P < 0.001; R = 0.3, P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionWe introduced a new ultrasound variable, the VFI, with a high feasibility rate. This may provide invaluable information for future decision making around the time of delivery.
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite scintillators for mixed field radiation detection
Authors: Xia Mengling , Niu Guangda , Liu Linyue , Gao Runlong , Jin Tong , Wan Pengying , Pan Weicheng , Zhang Xianpeng , Xie Zuoxiang , Teale Sam , Cai Zenghua , Luo Jiajun , Zhao Shan , Wu Haodi , Chen Shiyou , Zheng Zhiping , Xie Qingguo , Ouyang Xiaoping , Sargent Edward H. , Tang Jiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSensitive and fast detection of neutrons and gamma rays is vital for homeland security, high‐energy physics, and proton therapy. Fast‐neutron detectors rely on light organic scintillators, and γ‐ray detectors use heavy inorganic scintillators and semiconductors. Efficient mixed‐field detection using a single material is highly challenging due to their contradictory requirements. Here we report hybrid perovskites (C8H12N)2Pb(Br1−xClx)4 that combine light organic cations and heavy inorganic skeletons at a molecular level to achieve unprecedented performance for mixed‐field radiation detection. High neutron absorption due to a high density of hydrogen, strong radiative recombination within the highly confined [PbX6]4− layer, and sub‐nanometer distance between absorption sites and radiative centers, enable a light yield of 41 000 photons/MeV, detection pulse width of 2.97 ns and extraordinary linearity response toward both fast neutrons and γ‐rays, outperforming commonly used fast‐neutron scintillators. Neutron energy spectrum, time‐of‐flight based fast‐neutron/γ‐ray discrimination and neutron yield monitoring were all successfully achieved using (C8H12N)2Pb(Br0.95Cl0.05)4 detectors. We further demonstrate the monitoring of reaction kinetics and total power of a nuclear fusion reaction. We envision that molecular hybridized scintillators open a new avenue for mixed‐field radiation detection and imaging.image
Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) R47H Variant Causes Distinct Age- and Sex-Dependent Musculoskeletal Alterations in Mice
Authors: Essex Alyson L. , Huot Joshua R. , Deosthale Padmini , Wagner Alison , Figueras Jorge , Davis Azaria , Damrath John , Pin Fabrizio , Wallace Joseph , Bonetto Andrea , Plotkin Lilian I. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Previous studies proposed the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), a receptor expressed in myeloid cells including microglia in brain and osteoclasts in bone, as a link between brain and bone disease. The TREM2 R47H variant is a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. To investigate whether altered TREM2 signaling could contribute to bone and skeletal muscle loss, independently of central nervous system defects, we used mice globally hemizygous for the TREM2 R47H variant (TREM2R47H/+), which do not exhibit AD pathology, and wild-type (WT) littermate control mice. Dxa/Piximus showed bone loss in female TREM2R47H/+ animals between 4 and 13 months of age and reduced cancellous and cortical bone (measured by micro-computed tomography [μCT]) at 13 months, which stalled out by 20 months of age. In addition, they exhibited decreased femoral biomechanical properties measured by three-point bending at 13 months of age, but not at 4 or 20 months. Male TREM2R47H/+ animals had decreased trabecular bone geometry but increased ultimate strain and failure force at 20 months of age versus WT. Only male TREM2R47H/+ osteoclasts differentiated more ex vivo after 7 days with receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) compared to WT littermates. Yet, estrogen receptor alpha expression was higher in female and male TREM2R47H/+ osteoclasts compared to WT mice. However, female TREM2R47H/+ osteoclasts expressed less complement 3 (C3), an estrogen responsive element, and increased protein kinase B (Akt) activity, suggesting altered estrogen signaling in TREM2R47H/+ cells. Despite lower bone volume/strength in TREM2R47H/+ mice, skeletal muscle function measured by plantar flexion and muscle contractility was increased in 13-month-old female mutant mice. Overall, these data demonstrate that an AD-associated TREM2 variant can alter bone and skeletal muscle strength in a sex-dimorphic manner independent of central neuropathology, potentially mediated through changes in osteoclastic intracellular signaling. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
CMTM6 and CMTM7: New leads for PD‐L1 regulation in breast cancer cells undergoing EMT
Authors: Xiao Malina , Duhem Caroline , Chammout Anwar , Berchem Guy , Janji Bassam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractProgrammed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression has long been used as a biomarker to stratify patients with cancer who will benefit from anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 immunotherapy. However, the use of PD‐L1 as a biomarker to guide treatment decisions has recently been called into question due to its dynamic and heterogeneous expression within each tumor and among different tumors as well as during tumor cell plasticity. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of PD‐L1 expression would enable delineating its value as a reliable biomarker in the clinic. Here, we provide our perspective on the involvement of CMTM6 and CMTM7 as new lead candidates for the regulation of PD‐L1 in breast tumors undergoing an epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
An update on the existence of Kirkman triple systems with steiner triple systems as subdesigns
Authors: Dukes Peter J. , Lamken Esther R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA Kirkman triple system of order , KTS, is a resolvable Steiner triple system on elements. In this paper, we investigate an open problem posed by Doug Stinson, namely the existence of KTS which contain as a subdesign a Steiner triple system of order , an STS. We present several different constructions for designs of this form. As a consequence, we completely settle the extremal case , for which a list of possible exceptions had remained for close to 30 years. Our new constructions also provide the first infinite classes for the more general problem. We reduce the other maximal case to (at present) three possible exceptions. In addition, we obtain results for other cases of the form and also near . Our primary method introduces a new type of Kirkman frame which contains group divisible design subsystems. These subsystems can occur with different configurations, and we use two different varieties in our constructions.
Hsa_circ_0001982 promotes the proliferation, invasion, and multidrug resistance of osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Lin Bochuan , Nan Jing , Lu Kai , Zong Yi , Fan Wencan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common bone cancer mostly seen in people aged 10–25 years. This research aims to clarify the function of hsa_circ_0001982 in osteosarcoma (OS) and its effect on drug resistance, preliminarily exploring its mechanism.MethodsThe expression of hsa_circ_0001982 and miR‐143 in OS clinical tissues and cells was detected by real‐time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), MTT, colony formation assay, and transwell assay assessed cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, respectively. The targeted relationship of hsa_circ_0001982 and miR‐143 was verified by a dual‐luciferase reporter assay.ResultThe expression of hsa_circ_0001982 was significantly increased in OS tissues and cells (MG63), as in well as chemoresistant OS tissues and cells (MG63/Dox). Overexpression of hsa_circ_0001982 promoted proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and multidrug resistance in MG63 cells. By contrast, knockdown of hsa_circ_0001982 markedly reduced the resistance of MG63/Dox cells to doxorubicin (IC50 evidently reduced). Bioinformatic prediction showed that miR‐143 was a target miRNA of hsa_circ_0001982, and a dual‐luciferase reporter assay proved this. Further experiments revealed that miR‐143 expression was notably downregulated in OS tissues, chemoresistant OS tissues, and MG63/Dox cells. Moreover, miR‐143 was negatively correlated with hsa_circ_0001982 in OS cells and tissues.ConclusionThe regulation of malignant behaviors such as proliferation, invasion, migration, and multidrug resistance of OS cells by hsa_circ_0001982 may be achieved by targeting miR‐143. Moreover, hsa_circ_0001982 is a potential target for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of OS.
Association between nontraditional lipid profiles and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea: A retrospective study
Authors: Fang Yifei , Su Jiao , Zhao Chunling , Meng Yang , Wei Beilei , Zhang Binglu , Huang Yuyang , Dai Liping , Ouyang Songyun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to the significant role of dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are very common in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Nontraditional lipid indices are considered to be a better predictive index for cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, the association between nontraditional lipid profiles and the severity of OSA is not clear.MethodsA retrospective study was proceeded on 635 patients. Subjects were diagnosed with OSA through polysomnography (PSG). The association between severe OSA and nontraditional lipid profiles [triglyceride (TG)/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) ratio, total cholesterol (TC)/HDL‐C ratio, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C)/HDL‐C ratio, non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C), atherogenic index (AI), and lipoprotein combine index (LCI)] was examined by utilizing the restricted cubic spline and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsAll nontraditional lipid indices had positive relationships with the severity of OSA. By multivariable adjustment, the per SD increment of the TG/HDL‐C, TC/ HDL‐C, LDL‐C/HDL‐C, non‐HDL‐C, AI, and LCI were significantly associated with 88%, 50%, 42%, 40%, 50%, and 125% higher risk for severe OSA respectively. Compared with the lowest tertiles, the adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 2.42 (1.57–3.75), 2.39 (1.53–3.73), 2.35 (1.52–3.64), 1.86 (1.21–2.86), 2.39 (1.53–3.73), and 2.23 (1.43–3.48) for the top tertiles of TG/HDL‐C, TC/ HDL‐C, LDL‐C/HDL‐C, non‐HDL‐C, AI, and LCI respectively.ConclusionAll nontraditional lipid indices had positive relationship with the severity of OSA. In addition, TG/HDL‐C, TC/HDL‐C, and AI had better performance than the other nontraditional lipid indices for predicting severe OSA. These findings could help to determine the risk of cardiovascular diseases and improve the dyslipidemia management of OSA patients.
Extension of the Alternative Intravenous Dosing Regimens of Atezolizumab into Combination Settings through Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Liu Stephanie N. , Marchand Mathilde , Liu Xiaoyan , Ingle Gladys , Maiya Vidya , Graupner Vilma , Elze Markus C. , Chan Phyllis , Hsu Joy C. , Lin Alyse , Vadhavkar Shweta , Wu Benjamin , Bruno Rene 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAtezolizumab is approved as an intravenous (IV) infusion for use as a single agent and in combination with other therapies in a number of indications. The objectives of this publication are to characterize atezolizumab pharmacokinetics (PK) across indications with the available clinical data from one phase I and eight phase III studies, to determine the exposure–response (ER) relationships in combination settings across a variety of tumor types, and to provide the clinical safety to support the extension of the 840 mg q2w, 1200 mg q3w, and 1680 mg q4w IV dosing regimens across various indications in combination settings. Across all clinical studies, atezolizumab PK remained in the dose‐linear range and were similar across tumor types when used in combination therapy or as a monotherapy. In the combination studies, efficacy was independent of the exposures tested and there was no significant increase in adverse events with increasing atezolizumab exposure (flat ER). The safety profile of atezolizumab in the individual combination studies was generally consistent with the established safety profile of atezolizumab, the combination partners, and the disease under study. The similar atezolizumab PK across monotherapy and combination therapy settings as well as the flat ER in new tumor types and combination therapies support the use of the 3 interchangeable atezolizumab dosing regimens in the combination setting. Atezolizumab is now approved with 3 interchangeable IV dosing regimens of 840 mg q2w, 1200 mg q3w, and 1680 mg q4w for single‐agent and combination therapy use in the USA and EU.