bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the challenges of learning quadratic equations and reflecting upon curriculum structure and implementation
Authors: Reid O’Connor Bronwyn , Norton Stephen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An important topic of study in secondary mathematics is non-linear functions, including quadratic equations. In this study, findings from 25 Year 11 students indicated that difficulties with critical prerequisite concepts such as algebraic conventions impeded students’ success in understanding and working with quadratics. Analysis of student errors identified misconceptions associated with the null factor law, and the nature of quadratic equations. This paper proposes that these findings are a result of limited timeframes nominated for learning quadratic topics outlined in the enacted curriculum. The implication of this is that the enactment of the Australian Curriculum: Mathematics F-10 did not support the development of conceptual understanding or procedural fluency with key mathematical concepts for these students. Without purposeful attention to prerequisite knowledge, and suitable time allocated to develop understanding and fluency, students’ proficiency with topics such as quadratics is negatively influenced. A mastery approach to the hierarchically organised curriculum is supported by findings of this study.
Popper’s Critical Rationalism as a Response to the Problem of Induction: Predictive Reasoning in the Early Stages of the Covid-19 Epidemic
Authors: Peltonen Tuomo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe extent of harm and suffering caused by the coronavirus pandemic has prompted a debate about whether the epidemic could have been contained, had the gravity of the crisis been predicted earlier. In this paper, the philosophical debate on predictive reasoning is framed by Hume’s problem of induction. Hume argued that it is rationally unjustified to move from the finite observations of past incidences to the predictions of future events. Philosophy has offered two major responses to the problem of induction: the pragmatic induction of Peirce and the critical rationalism of Popper. It is argued that of these two, Popper’s critical rationalism provides a more potent tool for preparing for unanticipated events such as the Covid-19 pandemic. Popper’s notion of risky predictions equips strategic foresight with clear hypotheticals regarding potential crisis scenarios. Peirce’s pragmatic induction, instead, leans on probabilities that are slower to be amended as unexpected events start unfolding. The difference between the two approaches is demonstrated through a case study of the patterns of reasoning within the World Health Organization in the early stages of the coronavirus pandemic.
Workplace Supported Recovery from Substance Use Disorders: Defining the Construct, Developing a Model, and Proposing an Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Frone Michael R. , Chosewood L. Casey , Osborne Jamie C. , Howard John J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSubstance use disorders (SUDs) represent a critical public and occupational health issue. Therefore, understanding the process of SUD recovery has become an issue of growing importance among substance use and recovery professionals. Nonetheless, despite the acknowledged importance of employment for SUD recovery, little conceptual or empirical work exists on how the workplace might support or undermine SUD recovery. In this article, we address this limitation in several ways. First, to promote a better understanding of SUD recovery for occupational health researchers, we provide a brief overview of the nature of a SUD, prior definitions of SUD recovery, and general themes associated with the recovery process. Second, we develop a working definition of workplace supported recovery. Third, we present a heuristic conceptual model showing how the workplace might impact the SUD recovery process. Fourth, using this model and research from the substance use and occupational health literatures, we develop a series of general research propositions. These propositions highlight broad directions requiring more detailed conceptualization and empirical research to understand better how work conditions may support or undermine the process of employee SUD recovery. Our overarching goal is to motivate innovative conceptualization and research on workplace supported recovery from SUDs. Such research may inform the development and evaluation of workplace interventions and policies supporting SUD recovery and highlight the benefits of workplace supported SUD recovery for employees, employers, and communities. Research on this issue may allow occupational health researchers to impact a significant societal and occupational health issue.
Deep learning schemes for parabolic nonlocal integro-differential equations
Authors: Castro Javier 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper we consider the numerical approximation of nonlocal integro differential parabolic equations via neural networks. These equations appear in many recent applications, including finance, biology and others, and have been recently studied in great generality starting from the work of Caffarelli and Silvestre by Lius and Lius (Comm PDE 32(8):1245–1260, 2007). Based on the work by Hure, Pham and Warin by Hure et al. (Math Comp 89:1547–1579, 2020), we generalize their Euler scheme and consistency result for Backward Forward Stochastic Differential Equations to the nonlocal case. We rely on Lévy processes and a new neural network approximation of the nonlocal part to overcome the lack of a suitable good approximation of the nonlocal part of the solution.
Acceptance or rejection of welfare migration—an experimental investigation
Authors: Huber Jürgen , Hueber Laura , Kleinlercher Daniel , Stöckl Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study decisions on welcoming or opposing welfare migration in a laboratory setting with two societies in which one subject can migrate from the poorer to the richer society, provided a majority in the richer society votes to allow that. In each society, subjects indicate their preference for a percentage contribution to a public pool. The median of these rates sets the contributions paid by everybody; a feature that results in high contribution rates with an average of 90%. Varying the multiplier with which contributions are magnified before redistribution to society members, and thus the expected gain/loss associated with migration, we find that subjects overwhelmingly welcome migrants if they expect an economic benefit, while most participants oppose migration if they would be negatively affected by it. Regarding participants’ attitudes, we find that more altruistic people are more in favor of migration than more selfish people and that center right–wing oriented subjects propose lower contribution levels than center left–wing oriented subjects. We conclude that economic motives are a crucial factor for accepting or rejecting welfare migration. Therefore, a key to promoting acceptance of new migrants is to ensure and then communicate that their net effect on growth, society, and the public purse is positive.
Risk factors for mortality over 18 years in 317 ICUs in 9 Asian countries: The impact of healthcare-associated infections
Authors: Rosenthal Victor Daniel , Jin Zhilin , Rodrigues Camilla , Myatra Sheila Nainan , Divatia Jigeeshu Vasishth , Biswas Sanjay K. , Shrivastava Anjana Mahesh , Kharbanda Mohit , Nag Bikas , Mehta Yatin , Sarma Smita , Todi Subhash Kumar , Bhattacharyya Mahuya , Bhakta Arpita , Gan Chin Seng , Low Michelle Siu Yee , Bt Madzlan Kushairi Marissa , Chuah Soo Lin , Wang Qi Yuee , Chawla Rajesh , Jain Aakanksha Chawla , Kansal Sudha , Bali Roseleen Kaur , Arjun Rajalakshmi , Davaadagva Narangarav , Bat-Erdene Batsuren , Begzjav Tsolmon , Mohd Basri Mat Nor , Tai Chian-Wern , Lee Pei-Chuen , Tang Swee-Fong , Sandhu Kavita , Badyal Binesh , Arora Ankush , Sengupta Deep , Yin Ruijie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:To identify risk factors for mortality in intensive care units (ICUs) in Asia.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:The study included 317 ICUs of 96 hospitals in 44 cities in 9 countries of Asia: China, India, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam.Participants:Patients aged >18 years admitted to ICUs.Results:In total, 157,667 patients were followed during 957,517 patient days, and 8,157 HAIs occurred. In multiple logistic regression, the following variables were associated with an increased mortality risk: central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI; aOR, 2.36; P < .0001), ventilator-associated event (VAE; aOR, 1.51; P < .0001), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI; aOR, 1.04; P < .0001), and female sex (aOR, 1.06; P < .0001). Older age increased mortality risk by 1% per year (aOR, 1.01; P < .0001). Length of stay (LOS) increased mortality risk by 1% per bed day (aOR, 1.01; P < .0001). Central-line days increased mortality risk by 2% per central-line day (aOR, 1.02; P < .0001). Urinary catheter days increased mortality risk by 4% per urinary catheter day (aOR, 1.04; P < .0001). The highest mortality risks were associated with mechanical ventilation utilization ratio (aOR, 12.48; P < .0001), upper middle-income country (aOR, 1.09; P = .033), surgical hospitalization (aOR, 2.17; P < .0001), pediatric oncology ICU (aOR, 9.90; P < .0001), and adult oncology ICU (aOR, 4.52; P < .0001). Patients at university hospitals had the lowest mortality risk (aOR, 0.61; P < .0001).Conclusions:Some variables associated with an increased mortality risk are unlikely to change, such as age, sex, national economy, hospitalization type, and ICU type. Some other variables can be modified, such as LOS, central-line use, urinary catheter use, and mechanical ventilation as well as and acquisition of CLABSI, VAE, or CAUTI. To reduce mortality risk, we shall focus on strategies to reduce LOS; strategies to reduce central-line, urinary catheter, and mechanical ventilation use; and HAI prevention recommendations.
Implementation of a 24-hour empiric antibiotic duration for negative early-onset sepsis evaluations to reduce early antibiotic exposure in premature infants
Authors: Kumar Rupin , Setiady Initha , Bultmann Charlene R. , Kaufman David A. , Swanson Jonathan R. , Sullivan Brynne A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjective:Antibiotic exposure increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. Many centers use at least 48 hours of antibiotics in the evaluation of early-onset sepsis (EOS, <72 hours after birth), yet most important pathogens grow within 24 hours. We investigated the safety and efficacy of reducing empiric antibiotic duration to 24 hours.Design:Quality improvement study.Setting:A tertiary-care neonatal intensive care unit.Patients:Inborn infants <35 weeks gestational age at birth (ie, preterm) admitted January 2019 through December 2020.Intervention:In December 2019, we changed the recommended duration of empiric antibiotics for negative EOS evaluations from 48 hours to 24 hours.Results:Patient characteristics before and after the intervention were similar. After the intervention, 71 preterm infants (57%) with negative EOS evaluations received ≤24 hours of antibiotics, an increase from 15 (10%) before the intervention. These 71 infants comprised 77% of infants with negative EOS blood cultures after excluding those treated as clinical sepsis (≥5 days of antibiotics). For all negative EOS blood cultures, the mean treatment duration decreased by 0.5 days from 3.9 days to 3.4 days. This finding equated to 2.4 fewer antibiotic days per 100 patient days for negative EOS blood cultures but similar antibiotic days per 30 patient days (7.2 days vs 7.5 days). This measure did not change over time. Subsequent sepsis evaluations <7 days after a negative EOS blood culture did not increase. Excluding contaminants, the median time to positivity was 13.2 hours (range, 8–23) in 8 positive blood cultures.Conclusion:Implementation of a 24-hour antibiotic course for negative EOS evaluations safely reduced antibiotic exposure in 77% of infants <35 weeks gestational age at birth in whom EOS was ruled out. All clinically significant pathogens grew within 24 hours.
The Indian Pulsar Timing Array: First data release
Authors: Tarafdar Pratik , Nobleson K , Rana Prerna , Singha Jaikhomba , Krishnakumar M. A. , Joshi Bhal Chandra , Paladi Avinash Kumar , Kolhe Neel , Batra Neelam Dhanda , Agarwal Nikita , Bathula Adarsh , Dandapat Subhajit , Desai Shantanu , Dey Lankeswar , Hisano Shinnosuke , Ingale Prathamesh , Kato Ryo , Kharbanda Divyansh , Kikunaga Tomonosuke , Marmat Piyush , Pandian B. Arul , Prabu T. , Srivastava Aman , Surnis Mayuresh , Susarla Sai Chaitanya , Susobhanan Abhimanyu , Takahashi Keitaro , Arumugam P. , Bagchi Manjari , Banik Sarmistha , De Kishalay , Girgaonkar Raghav , Gopakumar A. , Gupta Yashwant , Maan Yogesh , Manoharan P. K. , Naidu Arun , Pathak Dhruv 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We present the pulse arrival times and high-precision dispersion measure estimates for 14 millisecond pulsars observed simultaneously in the 300

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500 MHz and 1260

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1460 MHz frequency bands using the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. The data spans over a baseline of 3.5 years (2018-2021), and is the first official data release made available by the Indian Pulsar Timing Array collaboration. This data release presents a unique opportunity for investigating the interstellar medium effects at low radio frequencies and their impact on the timing precision of pulsar timing array experiments. In addition to the dispersion measure time series and pulse arrival times obtained using both narrowband and wideband timing techniques, we also present the dispersion measure structure function analysis for selected pulsars. Our ongoing investigations regarding the frequency dependence of dispersion measures have been discussed. Based on the preliminary analysis for five millisecond pulsars, we do not find any conclusive evidence of chromaticity in dispersion measures. Data from regular simultaneous two-frequency observations are presented for the first time in this work. This distinctive feature leads us to the highest precision dispersion measure estimates obtained so far for a subset of our sample. Simultaneous multi-band upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations in 300

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500 MHz and 1260

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1460 MHz are crucial for high-precision dispersion measure estimation and for the prospect of expanding the overall frequency coverage upon the combination of data from the various Pulsar Timing Array consortia in the near future. Parts of the data presented in this work are expected to be incorporated into the upcoming third data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array.
Fuzzy logic approach for estimation of longitudinal aircraft parameters
Authors: Yaacob M. S. , Jamaluddin H. , Wong K. C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe use of rule-based fuzzy logic system for estimating the stability and control derivatives for the longitudinal aircraft motion is proposed. The capabilities of the fuzzy logic system in estimating both the short-period and the phugoid mode of motions are explored. The flight data used in the estimation process were generated using the three nonlinear longitudinal equation of motion for a small remotely piloted vehicle with all the aerodynamic coefficients obtained from the wind-tunnel tests. The preferred method of perturbation of the aircraft elevator for data collection is also highlighted. The stability and control derivatives are estimated as the change in the aerodynamic force or moment due to small variation in one of the motion or control variables about its nominal value when the rest of the variables are held constant at their respective nominal values. The changes in the aerodynamic force and moment are predicted using the fuzzy logic system. The results show that the fuzzy logic system has a good potential as alternative tools for parameter estimation from flight data. The proposed method does not require any guesses of the initial values of the flight parameters.
Flow visualisation of the orthogonal blade-vortex interaction using particle image velocimetry
Authors: Early J. M. , Green R. B. , Coton F. N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe flow field produced by the orthogonal blade-vortex interaction (BVI) was examined through the application of a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique, and acquisition of comparative unsteady surface pressure measurements. The velocity vector maps obtained revealed a significant radial flow from the vortex core after severing, in the form of an outward flow from the core when the flow is directed towards the surface (lower), and inward when directed away (upper). With progression of the vortex over the chord of the blade, the interaction led to a decrease in peak vorticity levels on the lower surface, but a steady level was maintained on the upper surface. Assessment of the effect of the interaction on the out-of-plane mass flux was performed through calculation of the divergence, revealing that there is no further variation in the axial flow on either side of the blade after the initial cut.
Utilising CFD in the investigation of high-speed unsteady spiked body flows
Authors: Feszty D. , Badcock K. J. , Richards B. E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnsteady spiked body flows were simulated by a second order time-accurate CFD method. Laminar, axisymmetric flow was considered at Mach 2.21 and Mach 6 freestreams and Reynolds’ numbers based on the blunt body diameter of 0.12 million and 0.13 million, respectively. A spiked forward facing cylinder with spike lengths between LID = 1.00 and LID = 2.40 was used as the model geometry. Following the numerical method’s verification, the individual flow modes of oscillation and pulsation were examined. The frequency of the events was found in good agreement with the experiment, while the pressure amplitudes were overpredicted in the Mach 6 cases. Analysis of the numerical results showed that the oscillation flow mode was driven by a viscous mechanism, whereas the pulsation by an inviscid one. The hysteresis phenomenon in the transition between the two flow modes was predicted qualitatively.
Examining the effect of exit separation on aircraft evacuation performance during 90-second certification trials using evacuation modelling techniques
Authors: Blake S. J. , Galea E. R. , Gwynne S. , Lawrence P. J. , Filippidis L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the influence of exit separation, exit availability and seating configuration on aircraft evacuation efficiency and evacuation time. The purpose of this analysis is to explore how these parameters influence the 60-foot exit separation requirement found in aircraft certification rules. The analysis makes use of the airEXODUS evacuation model and is based on a typical wide-body aircraft cabin section involving two pairs of Type-A exits located at either end of the section with a maximum permissible loading of 220 passengers located between the exits. The analysis reveals that there is a complex relationship between exit separation and evacuation efficiency. A main finding of this work is that for the cabin section examined, with a maximum passenger load of 220 and under certification conditions, exit separations up to 170ft will result in approximately constant total evacuation times and average personal evacuation times. This practical exit separation threshold is decreased to 114ft if another combination of exits is selected. While other factors must also be considered when determining maximum allowable exit separations, these results suggest it is not possible to mandate a maximum exit separation without taking into consideration exit type, exit availability and aircraft configuration.
The case for flight simulation in general aviation
Authors: Allerton D. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper sets out the case to extend the role of flight simulation in general aviation. It outlines the benefits that flight simulation has brought to airline safety but observes that the majority of pilots worldwide receive no simulator-based training or checking. The paper reviews the potential benefits of synthetic training and provides an analysis of accidents in general aviation to show that a significant reduction in fatal accidents is achievable by instituting recurrent pilot checks in a flight simulator, similar to the simulator checks undertaken by airline pilots. The paper summarises the advances in simulator technology which have occurred in recent years and outlines a scheme to fund the introduction of flight training devices in general aviation, based on compulsory recurrent checks for PPL and CPL pilots. The paper surmises that flight simulation offers a practical means to reduce the accident rate in general aviation and concludes by outlining a financial case to fund the introduction of mandatory simulation-based recurrent checks in general aviation.
Greener by Design — the technology challenge
Authors: Green J. E. 
Published: October 2022

The effects of aviation on the environment are becoming increasingly important. The world's airlines already have thousands of aircraft serving the passenger and freight markets and the market demand is still increasing. Unless steps are taken to address the problems created by aircraft noise and emissions, the future progress of the air transport industry will be inhibited.The seriousness of the topic and the factual nature of the Technology Sub Group report are the reasons why this special issue ofThe Aeronautical Journalis being devoted to “Greener by Design”. Although the report has been carefully read by a number of people outside the Sub Group, it has not been refereed in the normal way (though a number of minor numerical changes have been made to the tables and text of the original report, partly to correct errors and partly for internal consistency). The reports from the other two Sub Groups, covering operations and market-based options, together with the Summary for Policymakers of the Technology Sub Group, will be issued shortly in a single volume but will not necessarily be published inThe Aeronautical Journal.
A prospective cohort study of starchy and non-starchy vegetable intake and mortality risk
Authors: Zhang Tengfei , Peng Zhaohong , Li Hairong , Liang Shaoxian , Liu Mengfei , Ye Shu , Huang Yong , Zhu Yu , Li Xiude , Wang Danni , Yang Wanshui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhether starchy and non-starchy vegetables have distinct impacts on health remains unknown. We prospectively investigated the intake of starchy and non-starchy vegetables in relation to mortality risk in a nationwide cohort. Diet was assessed using 24-h dietary recalls. Deaths were identified via the record linkage to the National Death Index. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI were calculated using Cox regression. During a median follow-up of 7·8 years, 4904 deaths were documented among 40 074 participants aged 18 years or older. Compared to those with no consumption, participants with daily consumption of ≥ 1 serving of non-starchy vegetables had a lower risk of mortality (HR = 0·76, 95 % CI 0·66, 0·88, Ptrend = 0·001). Dark-green and deep-yellow vegetables (HR = 0·79, 95 % CI 0·63, 0·99, Ptrend = 0·023) and other non-starchy vegetables (HR = 0·80, 95 % CI 0·70, 0·92, Ptrend = 0·004) showed similar results. Total starchy vegetable intake exhibited a marginally weak inverse association with mortality risk (HR = 0·89, 95 % CI 0·80, 1·00, Ptrend = 0·048), while potatoes showed a null association (HR = 0·93, 95 % CI 0·82, 1·06, Ptrend = 0·186). Restricted cubic spline analysis suggested a linear dose–response relationship between vegetable intake and death risk, with a plateau at over 300 and 200 g/d for total and non-starchy vegetables, respectively. Compared with starchy vegetables, non-starchy vegetables might be more beneficial to health, although both showed a protective association with mortality risk. The risk reduction in mortality plateaued at approximately 200 g/d for non-starchy vegetables and 300 g/d for total vegetables.