bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric post-concussive symptoms: symptom clusters and clinical phenotypes
Authors: Lyons Todd W , Mannix Rebekah , Tang Ken , Yeates Keith Owen , Sangha Gurinder , Burns Emma CM , Beer Darcy , Dubrovsky Alexander S , Gagnon Isabelle , Gravel Jocelyn , Freedman Stephen B , Craig William , Boutis Kathy , Osmond Martin H , Gioia Gerard , Zemek Roger 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the co-occurrence and clustering of post-concussive symptoms in children, and to identify distinct patient phenotypes based on symptom type and severity.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of the prospective, multicentre Predicting and Preventing Post-concussive Problems in Pediatrics (5P) cohort study, evaluating children 5–17 years of age presenting within 48 hours of an acute concussion. Our primary outcome was the simultaneous occurrence of two or more persistent post-concussive symptoms on the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory at 28 days post-injury. Analyses of symptom and patient clusters were performed using hierarchical cluster analyses of symptom severity ratings.Results3063 patients from the parent 5P study were included. Median age was 12.1 years (IQR: 9.2–14.6 years), and 1857 (60.6%) were male. Fatigue was the most common persistent symptom (21.7%), with headache the most commonly reported co-occurring symptom among patients with fatigue (55%; 363/662). Headache was common in children reporting any of the 12 other symptoms (range: 54%–72%). Physical symptoms occurred in two distinct clusters: vestibular-ocular and headache. Emotional and cognitive symptoms occurred together more frequently and with higher severity than physical symptoms. Fatigue was more strongly associated with cognitive and emotional symptoms than physical symptoms. We identified five patient groups (resolved/minimal, mild, moderate, severe and profound) based on symptom type and severity.ConclusionPost-concussive symptoms in children occur in distinct clusters, facilitating the identification of distinct patient phenotypes based on symptom type and severity. Care of children post-concussion must be comprehensive, with systems designed to identify and treat distinct post-concussion phenotypes.
Dual resolution deep learning network with self-attention mechanism for classification and localisation of colorectal cancer in histopathological images
Authors: Xu Yan , Jiang Liwen , Huang Shuting , Liu Zhenyu , Zhang Jiangyu 
Published: March 2022

AimsMicroscopic examination is a basic diagnostic technology for colorectal cancer (CRC), but it is very laborious. We developed a dual resolution deep learning network with self-attention mechanism (DRSANet) which combines context and details for CRC binary classification and localisation in whole slide images (WSIs), and as a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) to improve the sensitivity and specificity of doctors’ diagnosis.MethodsRepresentative regions of interest (ROI) of each tissue type were manually delineated in WSIs by pathologists. Based on the same coordinates of centre position, patches were extracted at different magnification levels from the ROI. Specifically, patches from low magnification level contain contextual information, while from high magnification level provide important details. A dual-inputs network was designed to learn context and details simultaneously, and self-attention mechanism was used to selectively learn different positions in the images to enhance the performance.ResultsIn classification task, DRSANet outperformed the benchmark networks which only depended on the high magnification patches on two test set. Furthermore, in localisation task, DRSANet demonstrated a better localisation capability of tumour area in WSI with less areas of misidentification.ConclusionsWe compared DRSANet with benchmark networks which only use the patches from high magnification level. Experimental results reveal that the performance of DRSANet is better than the benchmark networks. Both context and details should be considered in deep learning method.
Novel histological repertoire of crypt-associated anomalies in inflamed colon mucosa
Authors: Rubio Carlos A , Vieth Michael , Lang-Schwarz Corinna 
Published: March 2022

AimsStudying crypt branching in ulcerative colitis (UC) and in infectious colitis (IC), we detected previously unreported crypt-associated anomalies (CAAs). The objective was to describe, illustrate and assess the frequency of CAAs in inflamed colon mucosa in patients with UC and IC.MethodsSections from 100 consecutive biopsies with UC, in 50 with IC and in 27 with UC in remission (UCR) were reviewed. The following CAAs were identified: crypt eosinophilia, intracryptal epithelial hyperplasia, intracryptal epithelial budding, intracryptal supernumerary crypts, intracryptal epithelial bridges, crypt rings in rows and off-centre epithelial budding.ResultsThe frequency of crypts with extensive crypt eosinophilia and with intracryptal epithelial budding was significantly higher in UC than in IC and UCR (p<0.05); the frequency in the remaining histological parameters was similar in UC, IC and UCR.ConclusionsCAAs were found interspersed with branching crypts. CAAs persisted in long-lasting UC mucosal inflammation, but declined when the inflammation waned. Since similar anomalies are not present in normal colon mucosa, the results suggest that CAAs had been boosted by the ongoing mucosal inflammation. The development of these previously unreported CAAs in the colon mucosa with inflammation might embody pathological aberrations of cryptogenesis.
Overview of cerebral cavernous malformations: comparison of treatment approaches
Authors: Bubenikova Adela , Skalicky Petr , Benes Jr Vladimir , Benes Sr Vladimir , Bradac Ondrej 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesThe comparison of treatment efficacy for cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) has not yet been well researched.DesignPubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, ISI Web of Science, Embase and additional sources were searched to identify cohort studies about the treatment of CCMs published between 1990 and 2020. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed; the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias and to evaluate limitations based on selection/outcome biases. The cumulative incidences with 95% CIs were calculated using the random effects model. The models of Poisson distribution were applied to evaluate risk factors of poorer treatment outcome by calculating rate ratios within 100 person-years with 95% CIs.ResultsA total of 100 cohorts yielding 8994 patients treated for CCMs within 41 098 person-years of follow-up were analysed. The efficacy of ensuring the prevention of haemorrhage was 97% in surgical, 86% in radiosurgical and 77% in the conservative treatment. The lowest mortality (1%) was after radiosurgery, and the highest persistent morbidity (22%) was in natural history series. Deep-seated and brainstem CCMs were associated with higher bleeding rates. Lobar localisation was a protective factor in all analyses. Patients with history of previous haemorrhage were exposed to higher risk of rebleeding. Male gender was a protective factor associated with lower risk of post-treatment haemorrhage.ConclusionsSurgical resection of CCM is effective in ensuring the prevention of haemorrhage with acceptable morbidity and mortality, but conservative and radiosurgical management is a justified treatment alternative. Brainstem and deep-seated CCMs are predominantly associated with higher haemorrhage rates.
Falsely normal CT perfusion ischemic core readings are common and often associated with deep infarcts
Authors: Bouslama Mehdi , Ravindran Krishnan , Rodrigues Gabriel Martins , Pisani Leonardo , Haussen Diogo C , Frankel Michael R , Nogueira Raul G 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundProper identification of infarct extent is crucial for thrombectomy and prognostication. We sought to study the frequency and topographic aspects of those cases in which CT perfusion (CTP) misses a core lesion that is present on initial non-contrast CT (NCCT).MethodsA review was carried out of a prospectively collected database of endovascular patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion strokes from January 2014 to November 2018. Patients with an e-ASPECTS <10 and adequate CTP maps were included. Total missed ischemic core (TMC) was defined as a CTP core lesion (relative cerebral blood flow <30%) <1 mL with a visualized hypodensity on NCCT.ResultsIn total, 629 patients were analyzed of which 161 (25.6%) had a TMC. On univariate analysis, TMC was associated with isolated deep middle cerebral artery (MCA) strokes (77.6% vs 56.6%, p<0.001), lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (9 (15–20) vs 17 (13–21), p=0.007) and longer times to treatment (452 (288–652) min vs 355 (236–655) min, p=0.03). After adjusting for identifiable confounders, isolated deep MCA stroke was an independent predictor of TMC (OR 2.49 (95% CI 1.63 to 3.8), p<0.001). There were no differences between patients presenting with a TMC and those not with good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) (50.8% vs 47.6%, p=0.53) or 90-day mortality (23% vs 17.6%, p=0.17). However, TMC was associated with lower rates of any parenchymal hematomas (5.2% vs 14.6%, p=0.02; aOR 0.11 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.91), p=0.04) and smaller final infarct volumes (20.5 (11.3–42.9) mL vs 47.5 (20.3–85) mL, p<0.001).ConclusionsCTP may completely fail to detect ischemic core in as many as 25% of cases, especially in isolated deep MCA strokes. Technical refinements of the post-processing algorithms are therefore warranted. TMC infarcts may have a lower risk of reperfusion hemorrhage, potentially due to greater preservation of the neurovascular unit structure in face of delayed recovery of cerebral blood flow.
Group characteristics and spatial organization of the Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) population using aerial photographs
Authors: Mayette Alexandra , Loseto Lisa , Pearce Tristan , Hornby Claire A. , Marcoux Marianne 
Published: March 2022

While it is known that beluga whales ( Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) are social animals, sociality within populations remains complex and poorly understood. Using aerial photographs taken in mid-July and early August 2019, we examined group characteristics and spatial organization of the Eastern Beaufort Sea beluga population in two distinct summering areas: (1) the continental shelf and offshore region of the southeast Beaufort Sea and (2) the inshore of the Mackenzie Estuary. Observations revealed that the mean group size was similar in both environments. A piecewise regression analysis showed that belugas were found to be most frequently within 24.6 m of another beluga in the offshore and within 22.0 m in the inshore. The mean interindividual distance of groups composed of subadults and (or) adults was greater than that of groups including younger whales in both environments. Also, the swimming direction of individuals in a group differed less in the offshore than in the inshore. We suggest that habitat shapes the types of activity conducted and that spatial cohesion within groups persists across environmental conditions but changes with age composition. By identifying elements of social structure and important areas for Eastern Beaufort Sea belugas, our results highlight the value of habitat conservation.
Energy exchange between relativistic fluids: the polytropic case
Authors: Ovalle J. , Contreras E. , Stuchlik Z. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a simple, analytic and straightforward method to elucidate the effects produced by polytropic fluids on any other gravitational source, no matter its nature, for static and spherically symmetric spacetimes. As a direct application, we study the interaction between polytropes and perfect fluids coexisting inside a self-gravitating stellar object.
Large-scale Integrated Analysis of Genetics and Metabolomic Data Reveals Potential Links Between Lipids and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Shu Xiang , Chen Zhishan , Long Jirong , Guo Xingyi , Yang Yaohua , Qu Conghui , Ahn Yoon-Ok , Cai Qiuyin , Casey Graham , Gruber Stephen B. , Huyghe Jeroen R. , Jee Sun Ha , Jenkins Mark A. , Jia Wei-Hua , Jung Keum Ji , Kamatani Yoichiro , Kim Dong-Hyun , Kim Jeongseon , Kweon Sun-Seog , Le Marchand Loic , Matsuda Koichi , Matsuo Keitaro , Newcomb Polly A. , Oh Jae Hwan , Ose Jennifer , Oze Isao , Pai Rish K. , Pan Zhi-Zhong , Pharoah Paul D.P. , Playdon Mary C. , Ren Ze-Fang , Schoen Robert E. , Shin Aesun , Shin Min-Ho , Shu Xiao-ou , Sun Xiaohui , Tangen Catherine M. , Tanikawa Chizu , Ulrich Cornelia M. , van Duijnhoven Franzel J.B. , Van Guelpen Bethany , Wolk Alicja , Woods Michael O. , Wu Anna H. , Peters Ulrike , Zheng Wei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
The etiology of colorectal cancer is not fully understood.

Methods:
Using genetic variants and metabolomics data including 217 metabolites from the Framingham Heart Study (n = 1,357), we built genetic prediction models for circulating metabolites. Models with prediction R2 &gt; 0.01 (Nmetabolite = 58) were applied to predict levels of metabolites in two large consortia with a combined sample size of approximately 46,300 cases and 59,200 controls of European and approximately 21,700 cases and 47,400 controls of East Asian (EA) descent. Genetically predicted levels of metabolites were evaluated for their associations with colorectal cancer risk in logistic regressions within each racial group, after which the results were combined by meta-analysis.

Results:
Of the 58 metabolites tested, 24 metabolites were significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk [Benjamini–Hochberg FDR (BH-FDR) &lt; 0.05] in the European population (ORs ranged from 0.91 to 1.06; P values ranged from 0.02 to 6.4 × 10−8). Twenty one of the 24 associations were replicated in the EA population (ORs ranged from 0.26 to 1.69, BH-FDR &lt; 0.05). In addition, the genetically predicted levels of C16:0 cholesteryl ester was significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk in the EA population only (OREA: 1.94, 95% CI, 1.60−2.36, P = 2.6 × 10−11; OREUR: 1.01, 95% CI, 0.99−1.04, P = 0.3). Nineteen of the 25 metabolites were glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols (TAG). Eighteen associations exhibited significant heterogeneity between the two racial groups (PEUR-EA-Het &lt; 0.005), which were more strongly associated in the EA population. This integrative study suggested a potential role of lipids, especially certain glycerophospholipids and TAGs, in the etiology of colorectal cancer.

Conclusions:
This study identified potential novel risk biomarkers for colorectal cancer by integrating genetics and circulating metabolomics data.

Impact:
The identified metabolites could be developed into new tools for risk assessment of colorectal cancer in both European and EA populations.
A Vegfc-Emilin2a-Cxcl8a Signaling Axis Required for Zebrafish Cardiac Regeneration
Authors: El-Sammak Hadil , Yang Bingyuan , Guenther Stefan , Chen Wenbiao , Marín-Juez Rubén , Stainier Didier Y.R. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Ischemic heart disease following the obstruction of coronary vessels leads to the death of cardiac tissue and the formation of a fibrotic scar. In contrast to adult mammals, zebrafish can regenerate their heart after injury, enabling the study of the underlying mechanisms. One of the earliest responses following cardiac injury in adult zebrafish is coronary revascularization. Defects in this process lead to impaired cardiomyocyte repopulation and scarring. Hence, identifying and investigating factors that promote coronary revascularization holds great therapeutic potential.

Methods:
We used wholemount imaging, immunohistochemistry and histology to assess various aspects of zebrafish cardiac regeneration. Deep transcriptomic analysis allowed us to identify targets and potential effectors of Vegfc (vascular endothelial growth factor C) signaling. We used newly generated loss- and gain-of-function genetic tools to investigate the role of Emilin2a (elastin microfibril interfacer 2a) and Cxcl8a (chemokine (C-X-C) motif ligand 8a)-Cxcr1 (chemokine (C-X-C) motif receptor 1) signaling in cardiac regeneration.

Results:

We first show that regenerating coronary endothelial cells upregulate
vegfc
upon cardiac injury in adult zebrafish and that Vegfc signaling is required for their proliferation during regeneration. Notably, blocking Vegfc signaling also significantly reduces cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation. Using transcriptomic analyses, we identified
emilin2a
as a target of Vegfc signaling and found that manipulation of
emilin2a
expression can modulate coronary revascularization as well as cardiomyocyte proliferation. Mechanistically, Emilin2a induces the expression of the chemokine gene
cxcl8a
in epicardium-derived cells, while
cxcr1
, the Cxcl8a receptor gene, is expressed in coronary endothelial cells. We further show that Cxcl8a-Cxcr1 signaling is also required for coronary endothelial cell proliferation during cardiac regeneration.

Conclusions:

These data show that after cardiac injury, coronary endothelial cells upregulate
vegfc
to promote coronary network reestablishment and cardiac regeneration. Mechanistically, Vegfc signaling upregulates epicardial
emilin2a
and
cxcl8a
expression to promote cardiac regeneration. These studies aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying coronary revascularization in zebrafish, with potential therapeutic implications to enhance revascularization and regeneration in injured human hearts.
Prevalence of Clinical and Neuroimaging Markers in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Malhotra Konark , Theodorou Aikaterini , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Zompola Christina , Shoamanesh Ashkan , Boviatsis Efstathios , Paraskevas George P. , Spilioti Martha , Cordonnier Charlotte , Werring David J. , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Limited data exist regarding the prevalence of clinical and neuroimaging manifestations among patients diagnosed with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We sought to determine the prevalence of clinical phenotypes and radiological markers in patients with CAA.

Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies including patients with CAA was conducted to primarily assess the prevalence of clinical phenotypes and neuroimaging markers as available in the included studies. Sensitivity analyses were performed based on the (1) retrospective or prospective study design and (2) probable or unspecified CAA status. We pooled the prevalence rates using random-effects models and assessed the heterogeneity using the Cochran
Q
and
I
2
statistics.

Results:

We identified 12 prospective and 34 retrospective studies including 7159 patients with CAA. The pooled prevalence rates were cerebral microbleeds (52% [95% CI, 43%–60%]; I
2
=93%), cortical superficial siderosis (49% [95% CI, 38%–59%]; I
2
=95%), dementia or mild cognitive impairment (50% [95% CI, 35%–65%]; I
2
=97%), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH; 44% [95% CI, 27%–61%]; I
2
=98%), transient focal neurological episodes (48%; 10 studies [95% CI, 29%–67%]; I
2
=97%), lacunar infarcts (30% [95% CI, 25%–36%]; I
2
=78%), high grades of perivascular spaces located in centrum semiovale (56% [95% CI, 44%–67%]; I
2
=88%) and basal ganglia (21% [95% CI, 2%–51%]; I
2
=98%), and white matter hyperintensities with moderate or severe Fazekas score (53% [95% CI, 40%–65%]; I
2
=91%). The only neuroimaging marker that was associated with higher odds of recurrent ICH was cortical superficial siderosis (odds ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.01–2.46]; I
2
=47%). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated a higher prevalence of ICH (53% versus 16%;
P
=0.03) and transient focal neurological episodes (57% versus 17%;
P
=0.03) among retrospective studies compared with prospective studies. No difference was documented between the prevalence rates based on the CAA status.

Conclusions:
Approximately one-half of hospital-based cohort of CAA patients was observed to have cerebral microbleeds, cortical superficial siderosis, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, ICH, or transient focal neurological episodes. Cortical superficial siderosis was the only neuroimaging marker that was associated with higher odds of ICH recurrence. Future population-based studies among well-defined CAA cohorts are warranted to corroborate our findings.
Borders, Migration and Xenophobic Policies in West Africa
Authors: Aniche Ernest Toochi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The 1979 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Protocol, or Article 59 of the 1993 ECOWAS Revised Treaty, encapsulates the terms and conditions for a visa-free and borderless economic community. It is geared towards decolonising the colonial borders and encouraging economic activity. But despite the ratification of the Protocol, documented and undocumented migrants continue to be expelled, blocked at borders and prevented from doing business, and suffer other xenophobic mistreatment, within the sub-region. The member states of ECOWAS have implemented anti-immigrant policies, from which Community citizens are rarely exempted. The article argues that the political class in the various states in the sub-region has nurtured and exploited a xenophobic consciousness, which has prevented the growth of class consciousness and protects their power base. The xenophobic policies of West African states have also created the necessary conditions to impede the implementation of the ECOWAS Protocol.
Human Mobility and Climate Change Adaptation in Small-Scale Farming Areas in Eastern Zimbabwe
Authors: Maganga Trymore , Conrad Suso Cathy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the role played by human mobility as a climate change adaptation strategy in Zimbabwe’s small-scale farming areas. Livelihoods in Zimbabwe’s small-scale farming areas are mostly agriculture-based and have long suffered from low levels of production. This is largely due to poor agroecological conditions and lack of agricultural investment, including income diversification projects from the central government. Recently, extreme climatic events in these areas have exacerbated food insecurity challenges, prompting many households to relocate. The findings of this study indicate that most households in the small-scale farming regions are resorting to either short- or long-term migration to areas that offer them food security. In these areas, poor households are forced to work on large commercial farms where they are paid in maize grain or trade their products for food to support their families. This paper argues that, if properly used together with other climate change policies promoted in Zimbabwe, human mobility can be an effective climate change adaptation strategy in small-scale farming areas.
Analysis of Sino-Tanzania Trade Relations: The Gravity Model Approach
Authors: Taylor Rosemary Stanley , Luvanda Eliab G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper explores the bilateral trade relations between Tanzania and China by examining the trend, intensity, and the determinants of the Tanzania exports to China from 1988 to 2018. It augments the traditional Gravity Model of bilateral trade and employs the dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Error Correction Model techniques. In general, the two partners have witnessed a tremendous trade increase over time. Empirically, the influence of Tanzania’s economic size and foreign inflows on exports are significant in the short and long run. Specifically, the effect of the economic size is positive throughout, while foreign capital is positive in the short run. On the other hand, the estimated coefficients of the population, exchange rate, and relative distance are significant only in the long run. This study recommends expanding the national income and strategic FDI attraction, among others, to enhance Tanzania’s export capacity and eventually trade with China and the globe.