bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of topical oxygen therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Xian‐Kun , Li Rao , Yang Xiao‐Ling , Yuan Li 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical oxygen therapy (TOT) in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), researchers systematically retrieved relevant studies from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov. Relevant studies were searched from database inception to January 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and assessed the quality of the included studies. Statistical analysis was performed in Stata 16.0. A total of seven RCTs involving 614 participants were included. Compared with the control group, the TOT group had a higher healing rate (RR = 1.63, 95% CI [1.33, 2.00]). According to descriptive analysis, TOT reduced the ulcer area and improved healing durability and quality of life. Furthermore, it had no effect on the occurrence of adverse events. However, it was unclear whether it would be able to reduce the healing time. The existing evidence suggests that TOT is effective and safe for chronic DFUs. Further studies are warranted to validate our findings.
The role of gender and employment status in MOOC learning: An exploratory study
Authors: Dai Hai Min , Teo Timothy , Rappa Natasha Anne 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLearners in a given massive open online course (MOOC) are usually provided with the same learning materials, guided by the same syllabus, and assessed in the same format. This “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach constrains learners' ability to reap the optimal benefits from online learning.ObjectivesThis study aims to characterize learners' differences in MOOC learning. Specifically, it examines how learners might vary in their enrolment motivation and the development of continuance intention to learn in a MOOC because of their gender and employment status.MethodsData were collected via a questionnaire survey. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyse data from 664 learners in a Chinese MOOC.Results and ConclusionThe research revealed significant differences in learners' enrolment motivation across groups defined by employment status, but not for gender groups. Learner groups defined by gender and employment status experienced variant psychological processes when deciding to continue to learn in the MOOC.Major TakeawaysWorking adults stressed the instrumental values derived from MOOC learning; therefore, it is vital to design and integrate additional features into the MOOC to satisfy their needs. Besides, it would be critical to understand female learners' and working adults' expectations of MOOC learning, as they are more sensitive to confirmation in determining their attitudes toward learning in a MOOC. A short pre‐course survey of learners' expectations would serve the purpose.
The presence of a urinary catheter is an important predictor of in‐hospital mortality in internal medicine patients
Authors: Shimoni Zvi , Froom Paul , Silke Bernard , Benbassat Jochanan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRationale and ObjectiveMortality rates are used to assess the quality of hospital care after appropriate adjustment for case‐mix. Urinary catheters are frequent in hospitalized adults and might be a marker of patient frailty and illness severity. However, we know of no attempts to estimate the predictive value of indwelling catheters for specific patient outcomes. The objective of the present study was to (a) identify the variables associated with the presence of a urinary catheter and (b) determine whether it predicts in‐hospital mortality after adjustment for these variables.MethodsThe study population included all acutely admitted adult patients in 2020 (exploratory cohort) and January–October 2021 (validation cohort) to internal medicine, cardiology and intensive care departments at the Laniado Hospital, a regional hospital with 400 beds in Israel. There were no exclusion criteria. The predictor variables were the presence of a urinary catheter on admission, age, gender, comorbidities and admission laboratory test results. We used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to test the associations between the presence of a urinary catheter and mortality after adjustment for the remaining independent variables on admission.ResultsThe presence of a urinary catheter was associated with other independent variables. In 2020, the odds of in‐hospital mortality in patients with a urinary catheter before and after adjustment for the remaining predictors were 14.3 (11.6–17.7) and 6.05 (4.78–7.65), respectively. Adding the presence of a urinary catheter to the prediction logistic regression model increased its c‐statistic from 0.887 (0.880–0.894) to 0.907 (0.901–0.913). The results of the validation cohort reduplicated those of the exploratory cohort.ConclusionsThe presence of a urinary catheter on admission is an important and independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality in acutely hospitalized adults in internal medicine departments.
Characterising body composition and bone health in transgender individuals receiving gender‐affirming hormone therapy
Authors: Ford Ky , Huggins Elizabeth , Sheean Patricia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundGender‐affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is prescribed to produce secondary sex characteristics aligning external anatomy with gender identity to mitigate gender dysphoria. Transgender women are generally treated with oestrogens and anti‐androgens, whereas transgender men are treated with testosterone. The objective of this narrative review was to characterise the influence of GAHT on body composition and bone health in the transgender population to help address weight concerns and chronic disease risk.MethodsStudies were extracted from PubMed and Scopus and limited to only those utilising imaging technologies for precise adipose tissue, lean mass, and bone mineral density (BMD) quantification.ResultsAlthough methodologies differed across the 20 investigations that qualified for inclusion, clear relationships emerged. Specifically, among transgender women, most studies supported associations between oestrogen therapy and decreases in lean mass and increases in both, fat mass and body mass index (BMI). Within transgender men, all studies reported associations between testosterone therapy and increases in lean mass, and although not as consistent, increases in BMI and decreases in fat mass. No consistent changes in BMD noted for either group.ConclusionsAdditional research is needed to appropriately assess and evaluate the implications of these body composition changes over time (beyond 1 year) in larger, more diverse groups across all BMI categories. Future studies should also seek to evaluate nutrient intake, energy expenditure and other important lifestyle habits to diminish health disparities within this vulnerable population. Policies are needed to help integrate registered dietitians into the routine care of transgender individuals.
“When we got divorced, I left all my things behind.”: How the lifespan of household goods is linked to the biographical trajectory of their owners
Authors: Madon Julie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSocial science research suggests that in our current affluent societies, individuals are accustomed to frequently replacing their household goods. However, some still try to keep their objects for a long time. How do they come to be concerned about products’ lifespan? This paper draws on a powerful method already explored in the literature on consumption: the diachronic approach through individual life trajectories. Analyzing interviews conducted with 60 individuals seeking to make their objects last, this biographical approach allows identifying some factors that explain people's propensity to make objects last. This paper shows that the tendency to keep objects for a long time can come from the familial milieu, just as it can happen later, in connection with personal events—advancement in the life cycle, bifurcations in the personal course, or interactions with public discourses and objects’ breakdowns. Finally, it demonstrates that biographical events can also have a one‐time influence on products’ careers in the households, without changing the individual's relationship to objects’ lifespan—these can be personal or more historical and exceptional events, such as lockdown during the COVID‐19 crisis.
Growth orientations, rather than heterogeneous growth rates, dominate jaw joint morphogenesis in the larval zebrafish
Authors: Godivier Josepha , Lawrence Elizabeth A. , Wang Mengdi , Hammond Chrissy L. , Nowlan Niamh C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn early limb embryogenesis, synovial joints acquire specific shapes which determine joint motion and function. The process by which the opposing cartilaginous joint surfaces are moulded into reciprocal and interlocking shapes, called joint morphogenesis, is one of the least understood aspects of joint formation and the cell‐level dynamics underlying it are yet to be unravelled. In this research, we quantified key cellular dynamics involved in growth and morphogenesis of the zebrafish jaw joint and synthesised them in a predictive computational simulation of joint development. Cells in larval zebrafish jaw joints labelled with cartilage markers were tracked over a 48‐h time window using confocal imaging. Changes in distance and angle between adjacent cell centroids resulting from cell rearrangement, volume expansion and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition were measured and used to calculate the rate and direction of local tissue deformations. We observed spatially and temporally heterogeneous growth patterns with marked anisotropy over the developmental period assessed. There was notably elevated growth at the level of the retroarticular process of the Meckel's cartilage, a feature known to undergo pronounced shape changes during zebrafish development. Analysis of cell dynamics indicated a dominant role for cell volume expansion in growth, with minor influences from ECM volume increases and cell intercalation. Cell proliferation in the joint was minimal over the timeframe of interest. Synthesising the dynamic cell data into a finite element model of jaw joint development resulted in accurate shape predictions. Our biofidelic computational simulation demonstrated that zebrafish jaw joint growth can be reasonably approximated based on cell positional information over time, where cell positional information derives mainly from cell orientation and cell volume expansion. By modifying the input parameters of the simulation, we were able to assess the relative contributions of heterogeneous growth rates and of growth orientation. The use of uniform rather than heterogeneous growth rates only minorly impacted the shape predictions, whereas isotropic growth fields resulted in altered shape predictions. The simulation results suggest that growth anisotropy is the dominant influence on joint growth and morphogenesis. This study addresses the gap of the cellular processes underlying joint morphogenesis, with implications for understanding the aetiology of developmental joint disorders such as developmental dysplasia of the hip and arthrogryposis.
Exploration of note writing by mental health nurses using a video scenario
Authors: Martin Krystle , Bickle Korri , Ricciardelli Rosemary , Lok Jessica 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAims and objectionsWe aimed to explore the content and language of nursing documentation and gain insight into the internal processes of nurses while notetaking.BackgroundDocumentation is a core competency of mental health nursing, has clinical and ethical importance and is the integral to the efficient and effective care provided to patients. However, issues related to the content and quality of nursing notes continues to be a concern and there remains gaps in our understanding about the internal processes that nurses engage in when writing notes.DesignWe used a mixed method design that included a content analysis with note review and interviews.MethodsAfter watching a video, psychiatric nurses (n = 27) wrote a note and then were interviewed about their note taking process. We used the COREQ guidelines for reporting our data.ResultsParticipants relied on four main themes when determining what to include in their notes—what happened and what the patient said or did, plus anything different than baseline, and safety concerns. Analyses revealed the presence of bias in the notetaking and participants were not familiar with effective strategies to mitigate these during the documentation process. Lastly, we found that notes are typically consistent in using some of the SOAPE format with notes focused on direct observations and the use of ‘facts’, while assessment and construction of treatment plans are used to a lesser extent.ConclusionsOur results provide insight into the decision‐making process of nursing staff regarding their documentation practices: overall they appear unaware of the importance of their notes, and believe that capturing the facts about their patients is important, while devaluing their own input and interpretations.Relevance to clinical practiceOur results provide evidence that mental health nurses may need additional training regarding documentation, more specifically about what to include, word choice and bias.
In Silico Finite Element Analysis of Implant‐Supported CAD‐CAM Resin Composite Crowns
Authors: Karaer Oğuzcan , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Imazato Satoshi , Terzioglu Hakan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of an implant‐supported crown made using computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) resin composite (RC) blocks in the posterior region.Material and methodsFour commercially available CAD‐CAM RC blocks were used in this study: Cerasmart 300 (CS300; GC, Tokyo, Japan), Katana Avencia P Block (KAP; Kuraray Noritake Dental, Niigata, Japan); KZR HR3 Gamma Theta (HR3; Yamakin, Osaka, Japan), and Estelite P block (ESP; Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan). Katana Zirconia STML (ST; Kuraray Noritake Dental) was used as the control group. The elastic moduli of each material were determined by a three‐point bending test. After the CAD models were designed, two different loading scenarios (oblique, vertical) were created. 3D finite element analysis was conducted with the prepared models.ResultsThe elastic modulus of the material utilized for the implant restorations did not cause any change in the stresses transmitted to the implant or peripheral bone. An important difference was detected in the abutment‐crown junction area. The minimum von Mises value at the abutment‐crown interface was obtained in ST, which has the closest elastic modulus to the titanium abutment.ConclusionsThe 3D finite element model designed in this study was used to demonstrate that implant‐supported crowns fabricated with four different CAD‐CAM RCs showed no critical stress concentrations in the bone or implant under all loading conditions. These results suggest that CAD‐CAM RC blocks could be used as an alternative material for implant‐supported restorations in the posterior region in terms of stress distribution.
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate induces IDO and IFNγ expression of human periodontal ligament cells through P2X7 receptor signaling
Authors: Kyawsoewin Maythwe , Limraksasin Phoonsuk , Ngaokrajang Utapin , Pavasant Prasit , Osathanon Thanaphum 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMechanical stimuli induce the release of adenosine triphosphate into the extracellular environment by human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) plays the role in both inflammation and osteogenic differentiation. eATP involves in immunosuppressive action by increasing immunosuppressive molecules IDO and IFNγ expression on immune cells. However, the role of eATP on the immunomodulation of hPDLCs remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects of eATP on the IDO and IFNγ expression of hPDLCs and the participation of purinergic P2 receptors in this phenomenon.MethodshPDLCs were treated with eATP. The mRNA and protein expression of indoleamine‐pyrrole 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) and interferon‐gamma (IFNγ) were determined. The role of the purinergic P2 receptor was determined using calcium chelator (EGTA) and PKC inhibitor (PKCi). Chemical inhibitors (KN62 and BBG), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and P2X7 receptor agonist (BzATP) were used to confirm the involvement of P2X7 receptors on IDO and IFNγ induction by hPDLCs.ResultseATP significantly enhanced mRNA expression of IDO and IFNγ. Moreover, eATP increased kynurenine which is the active metabolite of tryptophan breakdown catalyzed by the IDO enzyme and significantly induced IFNγ protein expression. EGTA and PKCi reduced eATP‐induced IDO and IFNγ expressions by hPDLCs, confirming the role of calcium signaling. Chemical P2X7 inhibitors (KN62 and BBG) and siRNA targeting the P2X7 receptor significantly inhibited the eATP‐induced IDO and IFNγ production. Correspondingly, BzATP markedly increased IDO and IFNγ expression.ConclusioneATP induced immunosuppressive function of hPDLCs by promoting IDO and IFNγ production via P2X7 receptor signaling. eATP may become a promising target for periodontal regeneration by modulating immune response and further triggering tissue healing.
The efficacy of vapocoolant spray for the improved tolerance of catheter pain in emergency patients
Authors: Trinder R. , Humm K. , Phillips S. , Cole L. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine if dogs and cats presenting as an emergency had improved tolerance of intravenous catheterisation following the application of vapocoolant spray when compared to a saline control.Materials and MethodsA randomised controlled trial of client‐owned dogs and cats presenting as an emergency and requiring intravenous catheterisation was performed. Patient signalment and mentation score were recorded. All animals were restrained and had their fur clipped over the catheterisation site. They were then randomly allocated to either have a swab saturated with vapocoolant spray (treatment) or a swab saturated with saline (control) applied to the clipped area before intravenous catheterisation. The procedure was video recorded and a single blinded observer reviewed the recordings and assigned reaction scores (0 to 3) at four time points (initial restraint, limb handling, swab application and skin puncture).ResultsBetween October 2020 and January 2021, a total of 100 patients (79 dogs, 21 cats) were enrolled, with 50 in each group. No significant difference in species, age, breed, sex or mentation score was detected between the two groups. There was no significant difference in reaction scores between the groups at any time point with the exception of a significantly increased swab application reaction score in the treatment group compared to the control group.Clinical SignificanceThe indirect application of vapocoolant spray via a swab before catheterisation does not significantly reduce the reaction of dogs and cats to intravenous catheterisation in an emergency setting.
Long term patterns of association between MHC and helminth burdens in the bank vole support Red Queen dynamics
Authors: Migalska Magdalena , Przesmycka Karolina , Alsarraf Mohammed , Bajer Anna , Behnke‐Borowczyk Jolanta , Grzybek Maciej , Behnke Jerzy M. , Radwan Jacek 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes encode proteins crucial for adaptive immunity of vertebrates. Negative frequency‐dependent selection (NFDS), resulting from adaptation of parasites to common MHC types, has been hypothesized to maintain high, functionally relevant polymorphism of MHC, but demonstration of this relationship has remained elusive. In particular, differentiation of NFDS from fluctuating selection, resulting from changes in parasite communities in time and space (FS), has proved difficult in short‐term studies. Here, we used temporal data, accumulated through long‐term monitoring of helminths infecting bank voles (Myodes glareolus), to test specific predictions of NFDS on MHC class II. Data were collected in three, moderately genetically differentiated subpopulations in Poland, which were characterized by some stable spatiotemporal helminth communities but also events indicating introduction of new species and loss of others. We found a complex association between individual MHC diversity and species richness, where intermediate numbers of DRB supertypes correlated with lowest species richness, but the opposite was true for DQB supertypes—arguing against universal selection for immunogenetic optimality. We also showed that particular MHC supertypes explain a portion of the variance in prevalence and abundance of helminths, but this effect was subpopulation‐specific, which is consistent with both NFDS and FS. Finally, in line with NFDS, we found that certain helminths that have recently colonized or spread in a given subpopulation, more frequently or intensely infected voles with MHC supertypes that have been common in the recent past. Overall, our results highlight complex spatial and temporal patterns of MHC‐parasite associations, the latter being consistent with Red Queen coevolutionary dynamics.
Feasibility, safety and outcomes of upgrading to left bundle branch pacing in patients with right ventricular pacing induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rademakers Leonard M. , Bouwmeester Sjoerd , Mast Thomas P. , Dekker Lukas , Houthuizen Patrick , Bracke Frank A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundRight ventricular pacing (RVP) induces abnormal electrical activation and asynchronous ventricular contraction and leads to pacing induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) in 10%–20% of patients. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) utilizing biventricular pacing (BVP) is the recommended treatment. Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) is a novel physiological pacing technique which may serve as an alternative to CRT. This study assessed feasibility and outcomes of LBBP delivered CRT in patients with PICM.MethodsTotal 20 consecutive patients with PICM who received an upgrade of their pacemaker to LBBP were prospectively studied. Acute success rate, complications, functional and echocardiographic response, and hospitalization for heart failure within 6 months from implantation were evaluated.ResultsLBBP was successfully delivered in all patients. Median duration of RVP before upgrade to LBBP was 3.8 years and the RVP was 99%. LBBP resulted in significant QRS narrowing (from 193 ± 18 ms to 130 ± 17 ms [p < .001]), improvement in LVEF (from 32% ± 6 % to 47% ± 8% [p < .001]) and NYHA class (from 2.8 ± 0.4 to 1.4 ± 0.5 [p < .001]) at 6 months. No LBBP‐related complications occurred. No patients were hospitalized for heart failure or died.ConclusionLBBP is feasible and safe in delivering CRT in PICM. Preliminary analyses demonstrated significant electrical resynchronization and favorable improvement in LV function and NYHA functional class at short term follow‐up. Data needs to be validated in large randomized controlled trials.