bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Efrat Asif 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The opening chapter introduces the reader to the book’s subject matter: transnational litigation and the political controversies it raises. The chapter first lays out the primary questions motivating the book, as well as the book’s theoretical approach and argument, drawing on the concept of ethnocentrism. This is followed by an overview of the seven empirical chapters. The introduction concludes with an examination of the book’s place in the broader literature. Specifically, we explain how the book differs from and contributes to four bodies of scholarly work: studies of transnational litigation, studies of international law, studies of judicial globalization, and studies examining the domestic sources of international cooperation.
Theorizing Cooperation on Transnational Litigation
Authors: Efrat Asif 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers a theoretical framework for analyzing the politics of transnational litigation. While there are good reasons for a state to cooperate on litigation by accepting the authority of a foreign legal system, this chapter argues that cooperation might be obstructed by ethnocentrism, that is, the tendency to partition the world into “us-against-them”: virtuous in-groups and nefarious out-groups. For the ethnocentric, the foreign legal system constitutes a threat to the home country or its citizens. The chapter outlines the domestic political debate between those who subscribe to the ethnocentric view of foreign justice and those who reject it. This leads to a set of nine theoretical propositions to guide the book’s empirical analysis.
Exercising Jurisdiction over “Bad Apples”
Authors: Efrat Asif 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the British debate over the legal treatment of Britons who fought for ISIS in Syria and Iraq: should they face trial in the UK? Viewing these foreign fighters as dangerous persons who offended British values, the government insisted they should be prosecuted outside Britain. This shows that the intensity of ethnocentric concerns may vary with the identity of the actors subjected to foreign legal authority. While troops are seen as deserving strong protections from foreign justice (the subject of Chapter 3), individuals who betrayed their country, such as foreign terrorist fighters, might be left to the mercy of foreign courts that lack due process.
Extradition Reconsidered
Authors: Efrat Asif 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the British debate over extradition to the United States as well as extradition to European Union members through the European Arrest Warrant. The critics—in particular, Conservative members of parliament, NGOs, and certain media outlets—argued that British citizens deserve British justice and should be tried at home. They also raised specific complaints noting perceived incompatibilities between British justice and foreign justice. From concerns about the harshness of U.S. criminal justice to denunciations of human rights standards in certain EU countries, extradition critics exhibited ethnocentric thinking as they considered deviations from British legal standards to be indications of unfairness. Defenders of Britain’s extradition arrangements criticized the ethnocentric tendency to think that the British legal system is best. This demonstrates how different actors within a country may vary significantly in their evaluation of the differences among legal systems.
Judgments, Jurisdiction, and Juries
Authors: Efrat Asif 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explains why the courts of Continental Europe often refuse to enforce American judgments. The unwelcoming attitude toward U.S. judgments stems from the European view of American civil justice as marred by significant unfairness. The analysis focuses on three expressions of perceived unfairness in U.S. law: punitive damages, pretrial discovery, and personal jurisdiction. Punitive damages offend the separation between the private law of torts and criminal law in Europe’s civil-law systems. Discovery reflects a mistrust of authority and a belief in litigant activism—in contrast to the more bureaucratic legal model of the civil law. Their quest for clarity, certainty, and predictability leads Europeans to reject the American notion of personal jurisdiction, which builds on broad, open-ended terms. The chapter concludes with the efforts to establish a global convention on the enforcement of foreign judgments.
A Quantitative Look at Cooperation on Litigation
Authors: Efrat Asif 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter shows quantitatively that states prefer partners whose legal rules and institutions are like their own: greater dissimilarity in substantive legal rules or in legal procedures and institutions reduces the likelihood of cooperation between two countries. In forging mutual legal assistance treaties (MLATs), states that rank high on judicial independence tend to choose partners whose courts are similarly independent or who belong in the same legal tradition as themselves. Legal-system similarity also fosters cooperation in the return of abducted children—children taken abroad by a parent without the knowledge or consent of the left-behind parent. In cooperation under the Hague Convention on Child Abduction, states prefer partners that are close to themselves in the quality of the rule of law as well as women’s rights and equality.
Conclusions and Implications
Authors: Efrat Asif 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The concluding chapter examines the broader implications of the book for several bodies of literature—first and foremost, the literature on international law and international relations. Whereas the IL/IR literature focuses on vertical interactions between the international legal system and domestic legal systems, this book analyzes horizontal interactions between domestic legal systems as a key dimension of legal globalization that the literature has thus far neglected. The book’s insights also offer a deeper understanding of crossborder cooperation among courts. Finally, this chapter lays out some key implications for policy. As cooperation on litigation might face a domestic backlash that could disrupt the cooperative efforts, we examine what governments can do to avoid such a backlash and build public support for cooperation.
Exit, Voice, and Solidarity
Authors: Doellgast Virginia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Work has become more insecure and unequal. Corporate restructuring strategies hold a good share of the blame, as managers seek to cut costs and shift risk through downsizing, outsourcing, and intensifying performance management. Under what conditions do companies take alternative approaches to restructuring, that balance market demands for profits with social demands for high-quality jobs? In Exit, Voice, and Solidarity, Doellgast argues that labor unions can play a central role in encouraging high road practices. But they face steep challenges where they lack strong and inclusive social institutions, based on high minimum standards and worker rights to participate in management decisions. Based on detailed case studies in the US and European telecommunications industry, Doellgast shows that cross-national differences in these institutions have led to significant differences in restructuring strategies, with implications for worker pay, security, and well-being. However, building and defending these strong social institutions required solidaristic organizing strategies, to push back against intensifying competition across workers and within the labor movement. Constraints on employer exit, support for collective worker voice, and strategies of inclusive labor solidarity together proved to be crucial sources of worker power within core firms and across increasingly fissured and outsourced workplaces. Findings from Denmark, Sweden, Austria, Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Czech Republic, and Poland give both a wide-ranging and in-depth look at why unions succeed or fail in fights to contest intensifying precarity at work and to propose more socially sustainable alternatives.
Theorizing Exit, Voice, and Solidarity
Authors: Doellgast Virginia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 1 develops a framework for analyzing the sources of labor union power based on past theory and research in the comparative political economy, employment relations, and sociology of work literatures. The introduction summarizes Hirschman’s (1970) classic book, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty and relates his framework to the one developed in this book. The remainder of the chapter is organized around a discussion of the three components of this book’s framework: constraints on employer exit, support for collective worker voice, and strategies of inclusive labor solidarity. For each, theory and evidence are summarized regarding how each factor advances the social regulation of work, and developments are examined that are contributing to a shift toward more market-oriented institutions and strategies.
Mapping Exit, Voice, and Solidarity in the Case Studies
Authors: Doellgast Virginia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 compares institutions across the ten countries included in this study, particularly those affecting the telecom sector and incumbent telecom companies. Constraints on exit take the form of legal or negotiated job security protections and inclusive minimum standards via equal pay rules, sectoral bargaining, and transfer of undertakings protections. Institutional support for collective worker voice is based on differences in participation rights and structures, as well as mobilization capacity associated with union membership and rules or rights concerning industrial action. The dynamics of labor solidarity are influenced by structures that support cooperation among worker representatives, as well as the identity or ideology of the national labor movement and major union federations. The chapter concludes by outlining a model for comparing the cases, based on the intersection of exit, voice, and solidarity.
Performance Management
Authors: Doellgast Virginia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 compares negotiations over performance management in four case study companies: BT (United Kingdom), France Telecom (France), TDC (Denmark), and Deutsche Telekom (Germany). Performance management can contribute to precarious employment conditions, particularly based on pay insecurity (connected to variable pay) and job insecurity (connected to fear of losing your job if you do not meet performance goals). A comparison of call center and technician jobs shows that constraints on exit via job security and support for voice via participation rights and structures together shaped the performance management model. Where both were strong, management was not able to use discipline to motivate workers, encouraging a focus on training and development; and performance targets were fairer and more transparent. Labor solidarity played a particularly important role in campaigns to establish pay equity and reduce precarity for the most vulnerable groups of workers.
Conclusions
Authors: Doellgast Virginia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 6 summarizes the book’s findings and discusses implications for theory, policy, and labor strategy. The problem of expanding precarious work has been framed in popular debates as requiring either more informed, mutual gains–oriented strategic choices by management, or top-down policies that help individuals adjust to changing skill and labor demands under technology-driven globalization. The framework in this book suggests instead the need for strong labor market and collective bargaining institutions, that constrain exit and bind employers to negotiated compromises with their workforce. These institutions are most likely to be built and sustained where worker representatives succeed in bridging labor divides based on inclusive strategies of solidarity.
Introduction
Authors: Stuhr John J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This introduction is an overview of the contents, claims, arguments, and philosophical temperament presented in No Professor’s Lectures Can Save Us: William James’s Pragmatism, Radical Empiricism, and Pluralism. It sets forth seven main points. First, the book explicates the philosophy of William James. Second, it is comprehensive and ranges across all of James’s work. Third, this account of James’s thought adopts a Jamesian attitude or temperament. Fourth, the book spells out disagreements with some of James’s views where those views are shown to be faulty or incomplete. Fifth, the book is not primarily about James but, rather, through James; it makes use of James to address in original ways central philosophical issues. Sixth, in a Jamesian spirit, the book’s claims are not presented as final or absolute. Seventh, the book is aimed at readers who grasp their own situatedness and partiality and who value open-mindedness, practicality, inclusivity, and diversity. It takes up James’s insights as a resource for new possibilities and new forms of personal and social life.
Possibilities, Faith, and Action
Authors: Stuhr John J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the main themes of William James’s entire philosophy as presented in his 1897 The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy. Arguing against abstract, non-pluralistic, and intellectualist interpretations of James, it shows that James viewed philosophies as expressions of irreducibly personal vision and successful philosophies as ones that satisfy the rational expectancies of this vision. From this perspective, James set forth four central commitments. First, life must be a struggle; there must be something to strive against, and there must be real victories and real losses. Second, this struggle must demand our energies and powers for its improvement and redemption. Third, the universe must support our free use of these powers. And, fourth, there are facts brought into being only by our strenuous faith in them. This is a thoroughgoing pluralism and empiricism.
Pluralism Unconcluded
Authors: Stuhr John J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter critically examines and extends William James’s pluralism and his views of the universe as unfinished. Section 1 explains the pragmatic meaning of pluralism. Section 2 establishes the basis of this pluralism in concrete experiences rather than abstract proofs, paying particular attention to James’s rejection of Hegelianism and its reliance on transcendental arguments—arguments that conclude what logically must be the case on the basis that something else is the case. Section 3 traces James’s refinement of pluralism in his manuscript “The Many and the One,” a refutation of the views of Bradley, and in his transformational efforts to respond to criticisms that his own view was internally inconsistent. Section 4 highlights James’s breakthrough account of pluralism made possible by his (and Bergson’s) rejection of vicious intellectualism. The final two sections provide a novel account of pluralism in terms of multiplicity and non-abstract differences, a point of contact between James and Gilles Deleuze. This makes possible a philosophy beyond intellectualism.
Optimal Cash Holdings
Authors: Lie Erik 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter presents trends for corporate cash holdings and lists the pros and cons of such holdings. The costs of insufficient cash, referred to as “ripple effects,” are discussed in detail. They arise because the firm is unable to invest in value-enhancing projects, must raise expensive external capital, or is forced to sell assets. Firms with the greatest potential to experience ripple effects include those with good investment opportunities, long-lasting products, unique assets, opaque operations, and high correlation with peers. Those firms should project future cash distributions, because it is cheaper and easier to remedy a predicted cash shortage before it occurs.
Christian Homeland
Authors: Shattuck, Jr. Gardiner H. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Christian Homeland examines the history of the Episcopal Church’s involvement in missionary work in the Middle East in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and it describes how the denomination’s evangelistic activities and theological ideas influenced the response of church members to a variety of political and social issues affecting them as Americans during that same period. Beginning in the 1830s, Episcopalians established mission posts in Athens and Istanbul, from which they sought to convert the Muslims and Jews of the Ottoman Empire to Christianity, but failing to achieve any appreciable evangelistic success with non-Christians, they turned their attention to reforming the Eastern Christian churches instead. Receiving key assistance in these efforts from the Anglican missionary bishopric in Jerusalem, a small, but influential corps of Episcopalians dedicated themselves to keeping church members informed about the Middle East, particularly the status of the region’s Christian population, through the middle of the twentieth century. In addition to its study of Episcopal missionaries, this book explores other topics related to their evangelization concerns; these include immigration into the United States, the Armenian genocide, humanitarian relief for refugees and victims of persecution, anti-Semitism and anti-Judaism, Zionism and the formation of the State of Israel, and the contemporary Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Pure and Undefiled Religion
Authors: Shattuck, Jr. Gardiner H. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter outlines the initial forays of American missionaries into the Middle East during the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Although agents of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) were the first to enter the region, missionaries of the Episcopal Church soon followed. The most important of these Episcopalians was Horatio Southgate, who was appointed in 1844 to serve as a missionary bishop representing his denomination at the Ottoman capital of Constantinople. Although Southgate first hoped to convert the Muslim population of the Middle East to Christianity, he soon realized the hopelessness of that undertaking and turned instead to the reformation of Middle Eastern Christianity—a purpose that was soon transformed into the development of ecumenical relations between High Church Episcopalians and leaders of Eastern churches such as the Greek Orthodox, Syriac Orthodox (Jacobite), Armenian, Assyrian, and others.
Emotional Typhoon
Authors: Shattuck, Jr. Gardiner H. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on events in Palestine during and immediately after World War II, culminating in May 1948 with the declaration of Israeli independence, outbreak of the First Arab-Israeli War, and resultant Palestinian refugee crisis. During these years Anglican missionaries continued to resist Jewish immigration into Palestine, and despite growing knowledge of the manifold evils of Nazism, they persisted in employing anti-Semitic tropes and stereotypes to express their opposition to Zionism. Although Charles Bridgeman returned to the United States in 1944, Francis J. Bloodgood and Walter C. Klein—his successors on the Anglican bishop’s staff in Jerusalem—maintained the ministry he had instituted among Middle Eastern Christians, assisting Arab Anglicans in particular to recover from the immense damage to Christian institutions caused by the 1948 war. Finally, this chapter highlights the intense verbal battles among Episcopalians in the United States over the appropriateness of American recognition of the Jewish state.
Epilogue
Authors: Shattuck, Jr. Gardiner H. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This epilogue links the book’s prior narrative to the recent history of the Episcopal Church, explaining the connections between ideas that Episcopalians expressed about the Middle East in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and the attitudes and activities of the church in the present day. It focuses primarily on resolutions debated at the denomination’s triennial meetings of its General Convention in the years between 1961 and 2018, and it demonstrates how themes articulated at earlier times in the church’s history—the support of Eastern Christians, including Anglican congregations in the Holy Land; concern for refugees displaced by wars and violence caused by ethnic and religious differences; and suspicious attitudes toward Jews (anti-Semitism) and Judaism as a religion (anti-Judaism), especially in relation to the contemporary Israeli-Palestinian conflict—remained current in the twenty-first century.
The Principle of Political Hope
Authors: Goldman Loren 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This book provides an action-theoretic view of political hope that draws on German idealism, critical theory, and American pragmatism. It offers an alternative to standard perspectives that reduce hope to either a subjective element of individual psychology or to the passive anticipation of the supposedly objective tendencies of the world itself. Featuring chapters on Immanuel Kant, Ernst Bloch, Charles Peirce, and William James, it presents hope instead as a practice of political action that both buttresses and promotes democratic experimentation. By reconstructing hope as a necessary condition for social and political engagement, it furthermore argues for the centrality of utopian thinking for practical action.
Dewey and Democratic Experimentation
Authors: Goldman Loren 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter reconstructs John Dewey’s theory of political hope and argues that he makes it a necessary condition for democracy. It begins with Dewey’s philosophical anthropology of an ecological self, one that denies any hard lines between self and other, will and world, or individual and environment. From there, it explains the transformation of circumstances as a recursive transformation of the habits of the self. Democracy is then presented as a social formation that enables intelligent, experimental reconstruction of the public in the light of ideals. It argues, finally, that this emphasis on experimentation allows Dewey to avoid the limitations seen in the ultimately one-sided perspectives of thinkers treated in earlier chapters. Because hope is inextricably related to the possibility of political action, the chapter concludes with reference to Dewey’s radical activism for the furtherance of American democracy.