bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Oscillatoria sp. BTA‐170 biomass in photobioreactor: Analysis of composition, drying behavior, sorption isotherm, and powder flow characteristics
Authors: Sharma Ramesh , Nath Pinku Chandra , Pabbi Sunil , Bandyopadhyay Tarun Kanti , Vanitha Kondi , Mahata Nibedita , Bhunia Biswanath , Tiwari Onkar Nath 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, Oscillatoria sp. BTA‐170 was grown in a photobioreactor for 15 days, yielding 3.1 g/L of biomass. During the composition analysis of biomass, the moisture, protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and ash contents were found to be 83.27, 6.36, 5.48, 3.79, and 1.1% on a wet basis (w.b), respectively. The tray drying properties of cyanobacterial biomass were investigated at temperatures of 40, 60, and 80°C with constant air velocity of 0.6 m/s. To reduce the moisture content of biomass from 83.27% to <10%, drying time required 2, 12, and 30 hr at 80, 60, and 40°C, respectively. The calculated effective moisture diffusivity of biomass was 5.10 × 10−9, 6.34 × 10−8, and 2.30 × 10−7 m2/s at 40, 60, and 80°C, respectively, and the activation energy was found to be 28.01, 31.04, and 33.27 kJ/mol at 40, 60, and 80°C, respectively. The logarithmic and Henderson and Pabis models showed the highest R2 values of 0.997 and 0.996 at 80°C, respectively, and were thus employed to explain biomass drying characteristics. The drying constant value grew with increasing temperature, with the highest value obtained using the logarithmic model at 80°C being 0.523 (hr−1). The bulk density of biomass powder dried at 80°C was 598.21 kg/m3 and the tapped density was 652.80 kg/m3, with Hausner ratio and Carr index of 1.091 and 8.363, respectively, showing that biomass powder had excellent flow qualities. The dried cyanobacterial biomass is a great source of protein, according to FTIR measurements. Similarly, after selecting four models based on the sorption isotherm, the GAB model was shown to be the best fit to represent the sorption behavior of Oscillatoria sp. BTA‐170 powder.Practical ApplicationsThe drying characteristics of Oscillatoria sp. BTA‐170 biomass were evaluated using thin‐layer drying models. The primary goal of drying biomass is to remove water from the solids to a point where microorganisms and degradation chemical processes are considerably reduced. The analysis of drying properties aids in the development of a cost‐effective dryer. By hastening the manufacture of biomass powder, the effective design of the drying process helps to decrease time and processing costs. After the drying process, an FTIR analysis can be used to determine the presence of macromolecules. Similarly, sorption isotherm studies were performed to evaluate the safe moisture content of items and to estimate shelf life at a specific temperature and relative humidity.
Polyclonal hen egg yolk antibodies could confer passive protection against Salmonella serotypes in broiler chicks
Authors: Karabasanavar Nagappa , Chakkodabail Benakabhat Madhavaprasad , Agalagandi Gopalakrishna Shilpa , Bagalkote Prashanth S. , Basayya Hiremath Jagadish , Shivanagowda Patil Girish , Krishnan Sivaraman Gopalan , B. Barbuddhe Sukhadeo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNon‐typhoidal Salmonella serotypes continue to be major food safety and public health threats worldwide. In the era of emerging antimicrobial resistance, it is imperative to search for alternative strategies of infection control. Present study deals with passive protection of young chicks using polyclonal egg yolk antibodies (IgY). Laying hens were actively immunized with heat inactivated Salmonella serotypes Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes S. Enteritidis (SE) and S. Typhimurium (ST) isolated from the poultry. Serotype specific polyclonal IgY isolated from the hen egg yolk were evaluated for in vitro neutralization potential. Chicks challenged with pathogenic SE and ST were evaluated for passive protection that were co‐administered with polyclonal immune IgY. Heat killed antigens (SE/ST) induced protective immune response in the immunized laying hens; and purified immune IgY inhibited the logarithmic phase of Salmonella growth. Administration of egg yolk at 5% (w/w) in the feed containing specific anti‐SE or anti‐ST polyclonal IgY to Salmonella‐challenged chicks resulted in 37.48 and 38.54% reduction in the caecal Salmonella counts. As antimicrobial resistance is emerging as a growing public health problem, findings of this study indicate benefits of prophylactic feeding of egg yolk containing polyclonal IgY for the passive protection of chicks and minimize caecal Salmonella carriage.
Managing Parkinson’s during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Perspectives from people living with Parkinson’s and health professionals
Authors: Soilemezi Dia , Roberts Helen C. , Navarta‐Sánchez Maria Victoria , Kunkel Dorit , Ewings Sean , Reidy Claire , Portillo Mari Carmen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to understand how people living with Parkinson's and healthcare professionals perceived their care management and interactions with health services were affected during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, many governments introduced restrictions and services that support Parkinson's care management had to cease or be delivered remotely. These changes may have had an impact on the well‐being of people living with Parkinson's.MethodsA qualitative exploratory UK study was carried out. Semi‐structured individual interviews with people living with Parkinson's and health professionals were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Braun´s and Clarke´s thematic analysis. Eleven patients and 10 health professionals were recruited between April and September 2020. The study was reported using the COREQ.ResultsTwo main themes were identified. In the first theme, many patients and professionals reported that the COVID‐19 pandemic made some people living with Parkinson's feel isolated and vulnerable due to disruptions to their social networks and usual activities related to Parkinson's disease care. However, other patients remained connected with their networks. In the second theme, patients and most professionals mentioned that some clinical practices were cancelled, delayed or transformed to remote consultation.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 restrictions had an impact on how people living with Parkinson's managed their care and in their interactions with healthcare services. Health professionals should assess the risk of vulnerability, social isolation, physical inactivity and confidence with remote consultations in people living with Parkinson's. This might inform a rethinking of existing clinical interactions with people living with Parkinson's towards a flexible, sustainable, person‐centred care model.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study has shown that Parkinson's care management and interactions with healthcare services should provide personalised and flexible support. To meet this challenge, the design of the organisation of health services should include greater involvement of patients and person‐centred care models.
Pareto gains of predonation in monopoly regulation
Authors: Saglam Ismail 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe revelation principle implies that given any admissible social welfare function, the outcome of Baron and Myerson's (BM) optimal direct‐revelation mechanism under incentive constraints cannot be dominated by any other mechanism in expected utilities. However, since the expected total surplus varies with a change in the social welfare function, Pareto improvements should be possible if the monopolist and consumers can agree, by means of side payments that reveal no additional information to the regulator, on the use of an alternative social welfare function which would generate a lower expected deadweight loss. We check the validity of this intuition by integrating the BM mechanism with an induced cooperative bargaining model where unilateral predonation by consumers or the monopolist is allowed. Under this new mechanism monopolist's predonation in the ex ante stage always leads to ex ante Pareto improvement while a certain amount of it eliminates the expected deadweight loss. Moreover, if optimally designed in the interim stage, the monopolist's predonation may also lead under some cost parameters to interim (and also ex post) Pareto improvement. Consumers, on the other hand, have no incentive to make a unilateral predonation, nor to reverse the optimal predonation of the monopolist.
Corruption and life satisfaction: Evidence from a transition survey
Authors: Andriani Luca , Ashyrov Gaygysyz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFighting corruption cannot lie exclusively on appropriate formal institutions. It also requires social support and public engagement. Particularly in countries under institutional and economic transition. We embrace the recent perspective arguing that higher quality of life conditions makes people better citizens, more civically committed and more conformed to institutional rules. Accordingly, we study whether life satisfaction is a predictor of individuals' corruption aversion across 28 former socialist countries from Eastern Europe and Central Asia. We use data from the third wave of the Life in Transition Survey (2015–2016). 2SLS estimations suggest that individuals reporting higher scores of life satisfaction are more averse to corruption. Our results are robust to a series of sensitivity analyses. Additionally, we estimate predicted values of corruption aversion for different levels of institutional trust across low and high life satisfaction groups. We find that when institutional trust is very low, its impact on corruption aversion does not differ between life satisfaction groups. As institutional trust increases so does corruption aversion and this occurs even more amongst the group of respondents with high life satisfaction.
The educational affordances of external clinician observation of GP trainee consultations
Authors: Sturman Nancy , Fitzmaurice Elizabeth , Waters Erin , Sheldrake Michelle , Lee Cathy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThere is widespread agreement about the importance of direct observation of trainee practice by clinical supervisors. Less is known about observation by observers external to the supervisory team. We explored the educational affordances of external observation of GP trainee consultations for educational and assessment purposes, from the perspectives of both observers and trainees.MethodGP medical educators, who were scheduled to observe sessions of GP trainee consultations, were recruited as participant observers. They completed field notes, reflective memos and a focus group discussion, and conducted post‐observation interviews with trainees, focused on trainee experiences of accessing educational input from supervisors and observers during the sessions. Thematic analysis was guided by constructivist realism and socio‐cultural theory.ResultsA total of 23 observation sessions (131 observed patient consultations), 33 trainee interviews and 23 observer reflections were completed. External observers embraced teaching, coaching and pastoral opportunities, rather than being ‘flies on the wall’, despite also having research and assessment roles. They gained useful insights into the challenges of obtaining and providing in‐consultation supervisory assistance and provided some in‐consultation guidance themselves. Both trainees and observers experienced the sessions as valuable and collegial. Trainees appreciated post‐consultation feedback conversations: topics included consultation challenges, managing uncertainty and variation in clinical practice. Patient expectations and pre‐existing relationships influenced the distinctive interpersonal dynamic of the externally observed consultation.ConclusionsThe educational affordances and interpersonal dynamics of external observation differ from supervisor observation. We recommend wider use in clinical training of observers who cross between educator and clinician communities.
Sexual expression involving people with dementia living in long‐term care facilities: Staff's reactions
Authors: Fonseca Maria Isabel , Almeida Daniela , Martins Ana Paula , Cerqueira Margarida , Villar Feliciano , Martinez de Oliveira José Martinez , Afonso Rosa Marina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study aims to explore and compare the reaction of long‐term care staff towards situations of sexual intercourse in which one or both partners have dementia. Participants were 538 staff members at 28 Portuguese long‐term care facilities. Data were collected using a printed questionnaire with seven vignettes with situations related to the sexuality of LTCF residents. In this study, three of these vignettes were analysed with situations in which residents were having relationships in their bedrooms: (1) one male resident and one female resident; (2) two residents with dementia; (3) two residents, one of them with dementia. For each of the vignettes, participants are asked what they think their ‘colleagues’ would do in each vignette, i.e. ‘What do you think most of your colleagues would do?’ The results revealed that when sexual relationships involved both partners living with dementia, the most selected reaction was ‘Comment on what happened with supervision or direction’, which may suggest that the situation was perceived as difficult or problematic. The most restrictive reactions were most often chosen when only one partner had dementia. This study suggests the need to improve and provide training, so that staff have knowledge and strategies that allow people living with dementia to preserve their sexual rights in long‐term care facilities.
Implantable loop recorder as a strategy following cardiovascular implantable electronic device extraction without reimplantation
Authors: Birs Antoinette , Darden Douglas , Eskander Michael , Pollema Travis , Ho Gordon , Birgersdotter‐Green Ulrika 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited data exists for outcomes in patients undergoing cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) transvenous lead extraction (TLE) without clear indications for device reimplantation. The implantable loop recorder (ILR) may be an effective strategy for continuous monitoring in select individuals.ObjectiveThis retrospective analysis aims to investigate patients who have undergone ILR implant following TLE without CIED reimplantation.MethodsClinical data from consecutive patients who have undergone TLE with ILR implant and without CIED reimplantation from October 2016 to May 2020 at a single center were collected.ResultsAmong 380 patients undergoing TLE, 28 (7.7%) underwent ILR placement without CIED reimplantation. TLE indications were systemic infection (n = 13, 46.4%), pain at the site (n = 8, 28.6%), device/lead malfunction (n = 4, 14.2%), and other. Devices extracted included: dual‐chamber and single‐chamber pacemaker (n = 14, 50%; n = 4, 14.2%), dual‐chamber implantable cardiac defibrillator (n = 10; 35.7%), and cardiac‐resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (n = 1, 3.5%). Reasons for no reimplantation included no longer meeting CIED criteria (n = 14, 50%), patient preference (n = 9, 32.1%), and no clear or inappropriate indication for initial CIED implantation (n = 5, 18%). During an average of 12.3 ± 13.1 months of follow‐up, there were no lethal arrhythmias, and four (13.3%) patients underwent permanent pacemaker reimplantation due to symptomatic sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular block with syncope as discovered on ILR. Three patients died due to unknown causes (n = 1), noncardiac (n = 1), and acute coronary syndrome (n = 1).ConclusionsIn patients undergoing TLE without reimplantation, an ILR may be an effective monitoring strategy in patients at low risk for cardiac arrhythmia.
Horizontal outsourcing and price competition: The role of sole sourcing commitment
Authors: Hu Qiaohai (Joice) , Kouvelis Panos , Xiao Guang , Guo Xiaomeng 
Published: May 2022

Previous studies on horizontal outsourcing between competing duopolists emphasize cost factors, such as economies of scale and/or variable cost advantages in Cournot markets, as potential explanations. Our paper studies horizontal outsourcing when two competing firms engage in Bertrand competition, and highlights the important role of sole sourcing commitment. We adopt the framework of a multistage duopoly game that comprises of an incumbent and an entrant. The incumbent has the capability to make a key component in‐house, and the entrant, who is a rival of the incumbent in the downstream market, can source the component from either the incumbent or a supplier not participating in the end‐product market. We find that if the entrant commits to sole sourcing, horizontal outsourcing can occur when the incumbent has a component cost advantage or even a small cost disadvantage over the alternative supplier. Specifically, if the component cost gap is small, horizontal outsourcing may soften downstream market competition and benefit both firms at the expense of inducing higher prices for the consumers. If the incumbent has a significant cost advantage, horizontal outsourcing may lead to an increased downstream price war by expanding the total supply of end products. Without sole sourcing commitment, horizontal outsourcing occurs only when the incumbent has a cost advantage, and it always strengthens downstream price competition. By contrast, if the firms engage in downstream Cournot competition, sole sourcing commitment has no impact on the adoption of horizontal outsourcing, and the entrant sources from her rival only when the incumbent enjoys a significant cost advantage. Finally, we also study various extensions to check and confirm the robustness of our main results to key model assumptions.
Don't Cross the Line: Bounding the Causal Effect of Hypergamy Violation on Domestic Violence in India
Authors: Roychowdhury Punarjit , Dhamija Gaurav 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe empirically examine whether violation of hypergamy—which occurs when the wife's economic status equals or exceeds that of her husband's—causally affects domestic violence using microdata from India. Identifying the causal effect of hypergamy violation on domestic violence, however, is challenging due to unmeasured confounding and reverse causality. To overcome these difficulties, we utilize a non-parametric bounds approach. Employing this approach, we find strong evidence that violation of hypergamy leads to a significant increase in domestic violence. Furthermore, we provide suggestive evidence that this result arises because violation of hypergamy is likely to undermine patriarchal beliefs and norms about gender roles, and also because it is likely to increase men's likelihood of using domestic violence as an instrument to sabotage their wives' labour market prospects. Our findings suggest that policies that seek to empower women and promote gender equality might paradoxically increase women's exposure to domestic violence.
Challenges in implementing antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in organ transplant centers in India
Authors: Ghafur Abdul , Bansal Nitin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe, in India, have unique challenges in implementing antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in our institutions, especially the transplant settings. Identifying challenges, addressing them, and finding innovative solutions to these are the need of the hour.ChallengesSeveral challenges in India exists, which hamper implementation of effective AMS like lack of adequately trained personnel (infectious diseases [ID] physicians and clinical pharmacists), missing opportunities of AMS during the timeline, and lack of India‐specific outcome measures for AMS programme.SolutionsFinding local solutions can make our AMS implementation more effective. Numbers of ID physicians are increasing (24 in 2011 to >300 in 2020), and we expect the specialty to grow more and make rapid progress in AMS. We propose that cost savings and overall improvement in clinical outcome to be included in outcomes measures, rather than rates of C. difficle infection. Effective implementations of National Medical Commission mandatory AMS training regulation are few such steps that can fill the gaps.ConclusionAntimicrobial stewardship programs is one of the several components of tackling the antimicrobial resistance‐related negative consequences in transplant patients. Transplant physicians, surgeons, and institutions should understand the bigger picture and strive hard to convince the policymakers to act for the benefit of the transplant recipients and the transplant programs across the country.
Hotspots in a cold land‐reported cases of rabies in wildlife and livestock in Mongolia from 2012–2018
Authors: Matulis Graham A. , Altantogtokh Doniddemberel , Lantos Paul M. , Jones Jordan H. , Wofford Rachel N. , Janko Mark , Tsogbadrakh Nyamdorj , Bayar Tserendovdon , Ganzorig Sainkhuu , Boldbaatar Bazartseren , Poole‐Smith B. Katherine , Hertz Jeffrey , Fiorenzano Jodi , von Fricken Michael E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe epidemiological profile of rabies virus within Mongolia remains poorly characterized despite 21,302 domestic animal cases being reported between 1970–2005. This lack of knowledge is particularly concerning given that roughly 26% of the population lives a pastoral herding lifestyle and livestock production contributes up to 18% of Mongolia's total gross domestic product (GDP). The gaps in knowledge of the rabies disease ecology within Mongolia combined with the lack of routine vaccination of domestic animals and wildlife poses a significant threat to the more than 60 million heads of livestock within Mongolia. Animal rabies case data from the General Authority for Veterinary Services and National Center for Zoonotic Diseases were used in this study. Each data point included year of report, an animal descriptor, geographic coordinates and the aimag (province) of origin. A total of 2,359 animal rabies cases were reported between 2012–2018. Cattle were the most commonly reported animal overall (861 cases), followed by goats (268), sheep (251) and dogs (221) within the domestic animal category. Red foxes were responsible for most reported wildlife cases (317) followed by wolves (151). Most rabid animals were reported in the Khuvsgul, Uvurkhangai and Govi‐Altai aimags, and a positive correlation was found between livestock numbers per soum and the number of rabies cases reported. Rabies poses a significant threat to the Mongolian economy and the health of human and animal populations within Mongolia. The close association of the nomadic pastoralists with both domestic animals and wildlife represents a significant threat for disease emergence and necessitates studies that describe the ecology of rabies, which may threaten these populations.