bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of lasers and aPDT in elimination of intraoral halitosis: a systematic review based on clinical trials
Authors: Woźniak Agnieszka , Matys Jacek , Grzech-Leśniak Kinga 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent years, there has been increasing interest in research showing positive results in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and laser therapy (LT) in dentistry. The authors of this review tried to answer the question: “Is the effectiveness of lasers and aPDT in the elimination of intraoral halitosis possible?” For this purpose, the electronic database of PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched until September 2021 using a combination of different keywords: (bad breath OR fetor ex ore OR halitosis OR oral malodor) AND (laser OR PDT OR PACT OR photodynamic inactivation OR photodynamic therapy OR photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy). Initially, 83 studies were identified. A total of 9 articles were qualified after the application of the eligibility criteria. Eight works concerned aPDT treatment, and only one dedicated to the Er,Cr:YSGG laser. A significant reduction in halitosis occurred immediately after both LT and aPDT. The review found the confirmation of the effectiveness of laser therapy in reducing the number of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) and the amount of anaerobic bacteria responsible for VSC formation. In most studies, a positive effect was observed for a 1-week follow-up. Laser therapy (aPDT, Er,Cr:YSGG) effectively eliminates microorganisms that produce volatile compounds and can effectively eliminate bad breath for the longer period of time than traditional methods of combatting this ailment.
Climate impact chains for envisaging climate risks, vulnerabilities, and adaptation issues
Authors: Estoque Ronald C. , Ooba Makoto , Togawa Takuya , Yoshioka Akira , Gomi Kei , Nakamura Shogo , Tsuji Takashi , Hijioka Yasuaki , Watanabe Manabu , Kitahashi Midori 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Planning adaptations to climate change require an understanding of how climate-related impacts cascade across sectors of society. Equally important is the need to engage stakeholders in discussions of climate-related impacts, risks, vulnerabilities, and adaptation issues. The impact chain (IC) approach, which emerged about a decade ago, can be used to reveal potential climate risks and vulnerabilities and to visualize how climate-related impacts may propagate as cascades. Here, we discuss the composition, key features, and potentials of the IC approach. Drawing from actual experience, we discuss some important factors that must be considered in the development of ICs via stakeholder participation. Such considerations are centered on the need for clarity with respect to the conceptual framing of relevant ICs, the need to allocate ample time for the development of ICs, and the need for stakeholders to be representative of the relevant sectors and sub-sectors. The insights presented in this article should facilitate the implementation of this relatively simple, practical, and useful approach for understanding climate-related impacts, risks, vulnerabilities, and adaptation issues.
A multi-informant study of school climate: student, parent, and teacher perceptions
Authors: Molinari Luisa , Grazia Valentina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a multi-informant study on school climate with the aim of (a) comparing students’, teachers’, and parents’ perceptions of several school climate dimensions and (b) examining the associations between dimensions pertaining to classroom practices and school atmosphere in both students and teachers. Participants comprised 105 teachers, 320 parents, and 1070 students (49% female; Mage = 11.77) enrolled in four middle schools in Northern Italy. The latent mean comparison of students’, teachers’, and parents’ perceptions revealed many significant differences, with teachers generally reporting better perceptions of the quality of the school environment. A multigroup path analysis highlighted associations between classroom practices and school atmosphere dimensions of school climate which varied for students and teachers. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for school intervention and the fostering of a supportive school environment.
Heterogeneity in Behaviour and Movement can Influence the Stability of Predator–Prey Periodic Travelling Waves
Authors: Andrade Renato , Cobbold Christina A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCyclic predator–prey systems are often observed in nature. In a spatial setting, these can manifest as periodic traveling waves (PTW). Environmental change and direct human activity are known to, among other effects, increase the heterogeneity of the physical environment, which prey and predator inhabit. Aiming to understand the effects of heterogeneity on predator–prey PTWs, we consider a one-dimensional infinite landscape Rosenzweig–MacArthur reaction–diffusion model, with alternating patch types, and study the PTWs in this system. Applying the method of homogenisation, we show how heterogeneity can affect the stability of PTW solutions. We illustrate how the effects of heterogeneity can be understood and interpreted using Turchin’s concept of residence index (encapsuling diffusion rate and patch preference). In particular, our results show that prey heterogeneity acts to modulate the effects of predator heterogeneity, by this we mean that as prey increasingly spend more time in one patch type over another the stability of the PTWs becomes more sensitive to heterogeneity in predator movement and behaviour.
Simple solutions for complex problems? What is missing in agriculture for nutrition interventions
Authors: Hambloch Caroline , Mausch Kai , Conti Costanza , Hall Andy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWithin the nutritionism paradigm, in this article we critically review the marketization and medicalization logics which aim to address the pressing issue of malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries. Drawing from political economy and food system transformation discourses, we are using the popular intervention types of nutrition-sensitive value chains (marketization logic) and biofortification exemplified through orange-fleshed sweet potato (medicalization logic) to assess their outcomes and underlying logics. We demonstrate that there is insufficient evidence of the positive impact of these interventions on nutritional outcomes, and that their underlying theories of change and impact logics do not deal with the inherent complexity of nutritional challenges. We show that nutrition-sensitive value chain approaches are unable to leverage or enhance the functioning of value chains to improve nutritional outcomes, especially in light of the disproportionate power of some food companies. We further demonstrate that orange-fleshed sweet potato interventions and biofortification more broadly adopt a narrow approach to malnutrition, disregarding the interactions between food components and broader value chain and food system dynamics. We argue that both intervention types focus solely on increasing the intake of specific nutrients without incorporating their embeddedness in the wider food systems and the relevant political-economic and social relations that influence the production and consumption of food. We conclude that the systemic nature of malnutrition requires to be understood and addressed as part of the food system transformation challenge in order to move towards solving it. To do so, new evaluation frameworks along with new approaches to solutions are necessary that support multiple and diverse development pathways, which are able to acknowledge the social, political-economic, and environmental factors and drivers of malnutrition and poverty.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of revisional Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: laparoscopic vs. robot assisted
Authors: Ugliono Elettra , Rebecchi Fabrizio , Vicentini Costanza , Salzano Antonio , Morino Mario 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThere is controversy over the possible advantages of the robotic technology in revisional bariatric surgery. The aim of this study is to report the experience of a high-volume bariatric center on revisional Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with robot-assisted (R-rRYGB) and laparoscopic (L-rRYGB) approaches, with regards to operative outcomes and costs. Patients who underwent R-rRYGB and L-rRYGB between 2008 and 2021 were included. Patients’ baseline characteristics and perioperative data were recorded. The primary endpoint was the overall postoperative morbidity. A full economic evaluation was performed. One-way and two-way sensitivity analyses were performed on laparoscopic anastomotic leak and reoperation rates. A total of 194 patients were included: 44 (22.7%) L-rRYGB and 150 (77.3%) R-rRYGB. The robotic approach was associated with lower overall complication rate (10% vs. 22.7%, p = 0.038), longer operative time, and a reduced length of stay compared to L-rRYGB. R-rRYGB was more expensive than L-rRYGB (mean difference 2401.1€, p < 0.001). The incremental cost-effective ratio (ICER) was 18,906.3€/complication and the incremental cost-utility ratio was 48,022.0€/QALY (quality-adjusted life years), that is below the willingness-to-pay threshold. Decision tree analysis showed that L-rRYGB was the most cost-effective strategy in the base-case scenario; a probability of leak ≥ 13%, or a probability of reoperation ≥ 14% following L-rRYGB, or a 12.7% reduction in robotic costs would be required for R-rRYGB to become the most cost-effective strategy. R-rRYGB was associated with higher costs than L-rRYGB in our base-case scenario. However, it is an acceptable alternative from a cost-effectiveness perspective.
The Unique and Practical Advantages of Applying A Capability Approach to Brain Computer Interface
Authors: Jecker Nancy S. , Ko Andrew 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntelligent neurotechnology is an emerging field that combines neurotechnologies like brain-computer interface (BCI) with artificial intelligence. This paper introduces a capability framework to assess the responsible use of intelligent BCI systems and provide practical ethical guidance. It proposes two tests, the threshold and flourishing tests, that BCI applications must meet, and illustrates them in a series of cases. After a brief introduction (Section 1), Section 2 sets forth the capability view and the two tests. It illustrates the threshold test using examples from clinical medicine of BCI applications that enable patients with profound disabilities to function at a threshold level through computer mediation. Section 3 illustrates the flourishing test by exploring possible future applications of BCI involving neuroenhancements for healthy people, using examples adapted from research currently underway in the US military. Section 3 applies a capability lens to a complex case involving dual effects, both therapeutic and non-therapeutic, showing how the threshold and flourishing tests resolve the case. Section 4 replies to three objections: neurorights are the best tool for assessing BCI; the two tests are moving targets; and the analysis utilizes a capability view to do work it is not designed for. The paper concludes that a capability view offers unique advantages and gives practical guidance for evaluating the responsible use of present and future BCI applications. Extrapolating from our analysis may help guide other emerging technologies, such as germline gene editing, expected to impact central human capabilities.
Understanding the impact of steam pretreatment severity on cellulose ultrastructure, recalcitrance, and hydrolyzability of Norway spruce
Authors: Caputo Fabio , Al-Rudainy Basel , Naidjonoka Polina , Wallberg Ola , Olsson Lisbeth , Novy Vera 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe efficient use of softwood in biorefineries requires harsh pretreatment conditions to overcome biomass recalcitrance. Following harsh pretreatments, the hemicellulose is solubilized. Here, we studied the material characteristics of Norway spruce following steam pretreatment at six different severities, relating chemical and structural information to the enzymatic hydrolyzability. Steam pretreatment conditions were defined by two different temperatures (180 °C and 210 °C), with and without the addition of various acids (CH3COOH, H3PO4, H2SO4, SO2). Structural knowledge of the streams is a cornerstone for developing an efficient saccharification process.This study combines advanced structural characterizations to gain fundamental understanding of the influence of severity of pretreatment on spruce. Structural knowledge is a cornerstone in developing an effective saccharification process by modulating pretreatment conditions and enzymes employed.Overall structural properties were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of stream pretreatment severity on lignin and lignin-carbohydrate bonds was investigated by two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonance. Finally, cellulose ultrastructure was studied by applying small/wide-angle X-ray scattering. The structural characteristics of the six pretreated softwood substrates were related to the enzymatic hydrolyzability.With increasing pretreatment severity, surface defibrillation, and lignin depolymeryzation were observed. Further, lignin-carbohydrate complexes signals were detected. Cellulose analysis revealed the rearrangement of microfibrils leading to the formation of larger microfibril aggregates. This microfibril rearrangement likely contributed to the observed increase in enzymatic hydrolysis yields as better enzyme accessibility resulted.
Real-world evidence for steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Folkerts Kerstin , Millier Aurelie , Smela Beata , Olewinska Elzbieta , Schmedt Niklas , Mernagh Paul , Kovesdy Csaba P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) were shown to delay chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in patients with hypertension and/or heart failure (HF) and proteinuria.

Objective
We conducted a systematic literature review on real-world evidence to identify the literature gaps related to the efficacy and safety outcomes of MRAs administered to CKD patients.

Results
A total of 751 records were identified of which, 23 studies (26 publications) were analyzed. Studies included heterogeneous populations, including the overall CKD, CKD and diabetes, CKD and HF, and CKD and a history of cardiovascular disease. Most of the studies were small and non-rigorous, resulting in a notable lack of evidence in these populations. In the overall CKD population, steroidal MRAs resulted in a significant or sustained eGFR reduction but no efficacy in delaying progression to end-stage kidney disease. No cardiovascular protection was found. Results for all-cause mortality and hospitalization for HF were inconsistent; however, the longest follow-up studies indicate similar or lower incidence for spironolactone non-users. Most results consistently reported a higher incidence of hyperkalemia among patients on steroidal MRAs in all CKD stages, and side effects led to high discontinuation rates in the real-world setting.

Conclusions
Despite the limited availability of evidence on the effectiveness and safety of steroidal MRAs in CKD patients and subgroups with diabetes, HF or history of cardiovascular disease, MRAs were shown to have a limited effect on renal and cardiovascular outcomes. Gaps in the evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of MRAs are particularly relevant in diabetic CKD patients; therefore, further research is warranted.
Clinical features suggesting renal hypouricemia as the cause of acute kidney injury: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mazzierli Tommaso , Cirillo Luigi , Palazzo Viviana , Ravaglia Fiammetta , Becherucci Francesca 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHypouricemia is defined as a level of serum uric acid below 2 mg/dl. Renal hypouricemia is related to genetic defects of the uric acid tubular transporters urate transporter 1 and glucose transporter 9. Patients with renal hypouricemia can be completely asymptomatic or can develop uric acid kidney stones or acute kidney injury, particularly after exercise. Renal hypouricemia is especially challenging to diagnose in patients with acute kidney injury, due to the nonspecific clinical, hematochemical and histological features. No common features are reported in the literature that could help clinicians identify renal hypouricemia-acute kidney injury. Currently available guidelines on diagnosis and management of renal hypouricemia provide limited support in defining clues for the differential diagnosis of renal hypouricemia, which is usually suspected when hypouricemia is found in asymptomatic patients. In this paper we report a case of renal hypouricemia-acute kidney injury developing after exercise. We carried out a review of the literature spanning from the first clinical description of renal hypouricemia in 1974 until 2022. We selected a series of clinical features suggesting a diagnosis of renal hypouricemia-acute kidney injury. This may help clinicians to suspect renal hypouricemia in patients with acute kidney injury and to avoid invasive, costly and inconclusive exams such as renal biopsy. Considering the excellent outcome of the patients reported in the literature, we suggest a “wait-and-see” approach with supportive therapy and confirmation of the disease via genetic testing.
United Nations Disability Inclusion Strategy: A framework to accelerate transformative change for persons with disabilities in the peace and security pillar
Authors: Mitra Gopal , Dominik Georgia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe United Nations Disability Inclusion Strategy establishes the first-ever framework for the United Nations system to advance disability inclusion across all pillars of the Organization's work, including the peace and security pillar, and to measure the progress made across the system. Evidence reported since the launch of the Strategy in 2019 demonstrates that the Strategy has provided a clear impetus among United Nations entities and peace operations working in the sector to address the rights of persons with disabilities, who are among the most marginalized in any crisis-affected community. However, the evidence also reveals that while humanitarian entities have made progress since the launch of the Strategy, disability inclusion remains an emerging area of work for peace operations in the field. The article argues that the Strategy's accountability framework has provided a much-needed blueprint and ability to monitor progress across the system, yet far more needs to be done to ensure that the United Nations system is equipped to respond to complex situations and reach the furthest behind first.
Dissolved, Labile, and Total Particulate Trace Metal Dynamics on the Northeast Greenland Shelf
Authors: Chen Xue‐Gang , Krisch Stephan , Al‐Hashem Ali , Hopwood Mark James , Rutgers van der Loeff Michiel M. , Huhn Oliver , Lodeiro Pablo , Steffens Tim , Achterberg Eric P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe present high‐resolution profiles of dissolved, labile, and total particulate trace metals (TMs) on the Northeast Greenland shelf from GEOTRACES cruise GN05 in August 2016. Combined with radium isotopes, stable oxygen isotopes, and noble gas measurements, elemental distributions suggest that TM dynamics were mainly regulated by the mixing between North Atlantic‐derived Intermediate Water, enriched in labile particulate TMs (LpTMs), and Arctic surface waters, enriched in Siberian shelf‐derived dissolved TMs (dTMs; Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni) carried by the Transpolar Drift. These two distinct sources were delineated by salinity‐dependent variations of dTM and LpTM concentrations and the proportion of dTMs relative to the total dissolved and labile particulate ratios. Locally produced meltwater from the Nioghalvfjerdsbræ (79NG) glacier cavity, distinguished from other freshwater sources using helium excess, contributed a large pool of dTMs to the shelf inventory. Localized peaks in labile and total particulate Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Al, V, and Ti in the cavity outflow, however, were not directly contributed by submarine melting. Instead, these particulate TMs were mainly supplied by the re‐suspension of cavity sediment particles. Currently, Arctic Ocean outflows are the most important source of dFe, dCu, and dNi on the shelf, while LpTMs and up to 60% of dMn and dCo are mainly supplied by subglacial discharge from the 79NG cavity. Therefore, changes in the cavity‐overturning dynamics of 79NG induced by glacial retreat, and alterations in the transport of Siberian shelf‐derived materials with the Transport Drift may shift the shelf dTM‐LpTM stoichiometry in the future.
Imaging the Northeastern Crustal Boundary of the Tibetan Plateau With Radial Anisotropy
Authors: Li Shilin , Guo Zhen , Yu Yong , Wu Xiaoyang , Chen Yongshun John 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe obtained a 3‐D crustal radial anisotropy model beneath northeastern (NE) Tibet by joint inversion of Rayleigh and Love dispersion curves from ambient noise tomography. Positive crustal radial anisotropy and significant low velocity are dominant beneath the Songpan‐Ganzi Terrane (SGT), indicating the presence of crustal channel flow. The Qilian orogen is characterized by negative radial anisotropy, which could be caused by folding and thrusting due to crustal shortening. This difference in radial anisotropy suggests that crustal shortening deformation may have occurred at a relatively early stage of the plateau evolution (the Qilian orogen) and crustal channel flow at the later stage (the SGT). The crustal radial anisotropy clearly defines the NE crustal boundary of the expanding Tibetan Plateau, which is roughly situated along the north Qilian frontal thrust from 97° to 103.5°E in the north and turns north‐south, passing the Zhuanglanghe Fault and terminating at the Kunlun Fault in the south.
Flow Channels and the Generation of Alfvénic Turbulence Along Storm‐Time Inner Magnetospheric Field‐Lines
Authors: Chaston Christopher C. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA feature of Earth's storm‐time magnetosphere outside the plasmapause is the occurrence of broad‐spectrum Alfvénic fluctuations. In this letter observations from the Van Allen Probes are compared with 3‐D fluid‐kinetic simulations of an evolving convective flow channel to investigate the mechanisms generating the observed spectrum. It is shown how narrow channels of fast convection are unstable to the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability which on closed field‐lines initiates a cascade to small scales. Sustained driving of the flow combined with reflection from the topside ionosphere leads to the generation of an intensified spectrum of electromagnetic structures having similar spectral and morphological characteristics to those observed. This process couples enhanced magnetospheric convection to kinetic scale electromagnetic fluctuations that drive particle transport, scattering and energization through the outer radiation belt and ring current during geomagnetic storms.