bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Peak Ground Acceleration Map of Semarang Based on Indonesian Seismic Code 2019
Authors: Partono Windu , Irsyam Masyhur , Nazir Ramli , Asrurifak Muhammad , Kistiani Frida , Sari Undayani Cita 
Published: March 2022

Surface peak ground acceleration (PGAM) needs for seismic forces of basement and retaining structures design. The PGAM value can be calculated using bedrock peak ground acceleration (MCEG) and multiplied it with site coefficient FPGA. For building design purposes, the MCEG value can be calculated based on the combination of DSHA (Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis) and PSHA (Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis). Compared to the previous 2012 website response spectrum design which is displayed the PGAM value, only MCEG value at site position can be obtained from the new 2021 response spectrum design website. This paper describes the development of PGAM distribution of Semarang using Visual Basic programming language software. The distribution of DSHA and PSHA (2500 return periods) combination analysis for developing MCEG value also describes in this paper. The analysis was performed based on the earthquake record data from 1900 to 2016. The PGAM analysis was performed at 203 soil boring investigation positions and using FPGA site coefficients of SNI 1726:2019. The minimum and maximum PGAM distribution values at the study area are in between 0.45 through 0.55 g and the maximum PGAM is distributed at the northern part of the study area.
The Effects of Introducing Advertising in Pay TV: A Model of Asymmetric Competition between Pay TV and Free TV
Authors: Dietl Helmut , Lang Markus , Lin Panlang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe television broadcasting industry is of crucial economic and social importance. Traditionally, this industry has been dominated by free-to-air TV (FTV) but due to technological progress, subscription-based pay TV (PTV) has emerged as a competing business model. A key question for the PTV broadcasters is whether to air commercials in addition to charging subscription fees. Based on a theoretical model of asymmetric competition between a PTV and an FTV broadcaster, we examine the effects of placing PTV advertising on broadcaster market strategies, viewer demands, broadcaster profits and consumer surplus. We find that introducing advertising on PTV can induce a higher viewer demand on this channel but a lower viewer demand on the FTV channel. Surprisingly, consumers can benefit through the introduction of advertising in PTV and broadcaster profits can increase if the viewer disutility of advertising is sufficiently large. Our study provides an analytical framework for choosing and implementing an optimal PTV strategy when an FTV competitor preexists in the market. Furthermore, our study derives implications for policymakers and regulatory authorities by showing that additional PTV advertising is not necessarily socially undesirable due to the strategic market reactions.
Sample age effect on parameters of dynamic nuclear polarization in certain difluorobenzen isomers/MC800 asphaltene suspensions
Authors: Ovalioglu Hüseyin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Because of magnetic spin–spin interactivity between 19F nucleus of the solvent and delocalized electrons on the MC800 asphaltene, the Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) method is able to give a substantial boost in the signal acquired from studies focused on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The suspensions of asphaltene in difluorobenzene isomers were studied using Overhauser effect type DNP and NMR investigations at room temperature in a small magnetic field of 1.53 mT. The used asphaltene was obtained from MC800 liquid asphalt from Heavy Iran. Each sample of the solvent medium was produced at three different concentrations of asphaltene. These samples were stored in the refrigerator for 7 years, until DNP parameters were found by new DNP tests. As a result, the influence of sample age on parameters of DNP was studied, and then the findings were analyzed.
New approach to analysis of railway track dynamics – Rail head vibrations
Authors: Czyczuła Włodzimierz , Błaszkiewicz-Juszczęć Dorota , Urbanek Małgorzata 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The article presents an original approach to the analysis of railway track dynamics. The “beam-inside-beam” concept is introduced as a dynamic generalisation of the static head-on-web effect, based on the two-layer model of rail. Rail head is a distinguished element of the rail. The system of distributed moving loads excites rail head as a beam supported by the rail web being considered as a viscoelastic layer. Rail head vibration is a kinematic excitation of the whole rail profile, including the rail head. The whole rail is also considered as a beam on viscoelastic foundation with parameters used in typical analyses of railway track dynamics. Vibrations of the whole rail obtained from the analysis of the two-layer “beam-inside-beam” model are compared with vibrations of typical one-layer track model. It is known that the static head-on-web effect is very limited. The range of significant rail head displacements covers nearly 0.6 m of area centred around the wheel position. This observation is also valid in the case of moving constant load. In other words, the dynamic effect of rail head vibrations in the case without imperfections type of track-vehicle is practically the same as in the static head-on-web case. Nevertheless, the analysis of track imperfections impact with various factors influencing the system behaviour, like the axles load and configuration, the track elastic parameters, the length of imperfection, or the train speed, show that the head-on-web effect is significant and should be analysed in more detail. For this purpose, a new model “beam-inside-beam” is proposed. The Fourier series are used to solve the two considered models. The load and unknown functions in the models’ solutions are expanded in the arbitrarily assumed interval which practically covers non-zero track response for the analysed system of parameters (group of wheels). This solving method for equation of motion was experimentally validated in the paper by Czyczula et al. (2017). Validation of the “beam-inside-beam” model is considered as future work and the current article should be recognised as a preliminary study of the analysed effects under assumption of being purely theoretical investigation so far, although forming hierarchically organised building of more complex rail models is possible to partially verify in further steps of modelling process.
TRPM3 in the eye and in the nervous system – from new findings to novel mechanisms
Authors: Behrendt Marc 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The calcium-permeable cation channel TRPM3 can be activated by heat and the endogenous steroid pregnenolone sulfate. TRPM3’s best understood function is its role as a peripheral noxious heat sensor in mice. However, the channel is expressed in various tissues and cell types including neurons as well as glial and epithelial cells. TRPM3 expression patterns differ between species and change during development. Furthermore, a plethora of TRPM3 variants that result from alternative splicing have been identified and the majority of these isoforms are yet to be characterized. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying regulation of TRPM3 are largely unexplored. In addition, a micro-RNA gene (miR-204) is located within the TRPM3 gene. This complexity makes it difficult to obtain a clear picture of TRPM3 characteristics. However, a clear picture is needed to unravel TRPM3’s full potential as experimental tool, diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. Therefore, the newest data related to TRPM3 have to be discussed and to be put in context as soon as possible to be up-to-date and to accelerate the translation from bench to bedside. The aim of this review is to highlight recent results and developments with particular focus on findings from studies involving ocular tissues and cells or peripheral neurons of rodents and humans.
Performance analysis of grid interactive single-phase solar powered fault tolerant cascaded inverter
Authors: Rajesh Jami , Jayaram Nakka , Kishore Pulavarthi Satya Venkata , Jakkula Swamy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Grid integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is becoming popular recently due to the merits of stable support to conventional grid, limiting global warming and reduced emissions. However, maintaining capacitor voltage balancing, unity power factor, sinusoidal grid current and harmonic profile improvement are the challenging tasks owing to change in irradiation conditions. Multi-level inverters in grid connected systems will enhance the power quality of the system in terms of voltage and current total harmonic distortion. This paper proposes a highly reliable, robust and modular single phase solar PV fed fault tolerant hybrid cascaded H-bridge inverter with individual voltage/current control strategy for grid integration. Higher reliability and modularity, power factor correction, able to with stand without degrading the performance of the topology even under faulted conditions and harmonic profile improvement are the main objectives of the proposed system. The proposed system has been simulated and validated with experimental results on the developed prototype for different irradiation conditions and tested the performance of the topology with creation of faults on different modules at different times.
The Pd-rich part of the Pd–B phase diagram
Authors: Georg Berger Tilmann , Leineweber Andreas , Mittemeijer Eric Jan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Pd–B system in the composition range of the solid solution PdBy has been the subject of a number of investigations as it provides an attractive model system for interstitial compounds. No consensus about the crystal structures and phase boundaries, particularly in the low-temperature regime, has been reached in the earlier works. In the light of very recent results on the crystal structure and composition ranges of the low-temperature phases, on the basis of X-ray, electron, and neutron diffraction analyses, a tentative phase diagram is presented which is compatible with practically all previous results.
Influence of electric field strength applied during the solution heat treatment of the Al–Mg–Si–Cu Alloy AA6111
Authors: Jung Kang , Conrad Hans 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the present paper, the effect of electric field strength in the range E = 0.1 – 5.0 kV/cm applied during the solution heat treatment (SHT) of the AA6111 alloy at 475° –550 °C has been determined employing resistivity. An increase in the as-quenched resistivity ρ
w occurred for all field strengths, the increase being relatively rapid up to E ≈ 1 kV/cm and only slight, if at all, for higher fields. Analysis of the results gave that the field reduced the enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy of solution, the amount of reduction increasing with field strength. The electric current, which occurred with application of the field during SHT, ranged from (7 × 10 –3 to 4 × 102) μA, increasing with field strength and SHT temperature, but decreasing with time during the SHT. The role of the current in the enhancement of ρ
w by the field is not clear.
Development of cube recrystallization textures in high-purity Al
Authors: Umezawa Atsushi , Inagaki Hirosuke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High-purity (99.99 wt.%) Al containing 50 wt. ppm Cu was cold rolled to 98% reduction in thickness and annealed by varying the heating rate of annealing and annealing cycles. Textures developed at various stages of annealing were investigated with the orientation distribution function analysis. The observed results were compared with those obtained on standard high purity (99.99 wt.%) Al without Cu addition. In slow heating rate annealing, it was found that in high purity Al the addition of 50 wt.ppm Cu significantly enhanced the development of {100}<001> recrystallization textures. Intensities of {100}<001> developed in high purity Al with 50 wt. ppm Cu were about twice as high as those observed in high purity Al without Cu addition. {123}<634> R orientations were completely eliminated by the addition of 50 wt. ppm Cu. In rapid heating annealing, on the other hand, annealing at temperatures above 325 °C resulted in the formation of very coarse recrystallized grains with weak {100}<001> recrystallization textures irrespective of Cu content. Such grain coarsening could be suppressed by pre-annealing at temperatures between 225 and 300 °C. In the specimens subjected to this pre-annealing, strong {100}<001> recrystallization textures could be obtained, even if they were annealed with a rapid heating rate in final annealing.
Formation of cube recrystallized grains in high-purity Al
Authors: Umezawa Atsushi , Inagaki Hirosuke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In high-purity 4 N (99.99 wt.%) Al containing 50 wt.ppm Cu, very strong {100}<001> recrystallization textures are developed after 98% cold rolling and annealing at 500 °C. They are about three times stronger than those observed in standard high-purity 4 N Al without Cu addition. In this paper, the mechanism of the formation of such strong {100}<001> recrystallization textures were investigated in detail by using the EBSP (electron backscatter pattern) analysis.
It was found that, at the earliest stage of recrystallization, {100} <001>-recrystallized grains were nucleated by forming a row lying parallel to the rolling direction and growing preferentially within the elongated deformed grain in which they were nucleated. Most of these {100}<001>-recrystallized grains had orientations very near to the exact cube orientations. {100}<001>-recrystallized grains in this materials were characterized by their rapid growth, which was observed at the later stages of recrystallization. Since they were surrounded by deformed regions having very strong β-fiber rolling textures formed by heavy cold rolling, their grain boundaries were high-angle grain boundaries with high mobility. Assisted further by high stored energy introduced by heavy rolling reductions, {100}<001>-recrystallized grains could grow very rapidly, traversing readily several deformed grains. In this material, {100}<001>-recrystallized grains were not nucleated so abundantly. However, {100}<001>-recrystallized grains were nucleated much earlier and grew much faster than recrystallized grains with other orientations. They were, therefore, always larger than recrystallized grains with other orientations. Due to such size advantages, {100}<001>-recrystallized grains could rapidly consume fine-recrystallized grains with other orientations during the subsequent grain growth process. As a result, microstructures observed after annealing at 500 °C for 2 h consisted mostly of coarse {100}<001>-recrystallized grains slightly misoriented with each other. It is, thus, rapid growth of few {100}<001>-recrystallized grains during recrystallization, and their preferential grain growth, that enhance the development of very strong {100}<001> recrystallization textures in this high-purity Al. Cu seems to suppress nucleation of recrystallized grains with other orientations.
Decomposition kinetics of expanded austenite with high nitrogen contents
Authors: Christiansen Thomas , Somers Marcel A. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper addresses the decomposition kinetics of synthesized homogeneous expanded austenite formed by gaseous nitriding of stainless steel AISI 304L and AISI 316L with nitrogen contents up to 38 at.% nitrogen. Isochronal annealing experiments were carried out in both inert (N2) and reducing (H2) atmospheres. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry were applied for identification of the decomposition reactions and X-ray diffraction analysis was applied for phase analysis. CrN precipitated upon annealing; the activation energies are 187 kJ/mol and 128 kJ/mol for AISI 316L and AISI 304L, respectively. Isothermal stability plots for expanded austenite developed from AISI 304L and AISI 316 were obtained.
Elevated temperature tensile properties of an extruded aluminium alloy reinforced with SiCp
Authors: Özdemir İ. , Önel K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Elevated temperature tensile properties of AlSi7Mg (Al-7 %Si– 0.7 %Mg) and its composites with 10 and 20 vol.% SiCp in the as-extruded form were investigated. The cast ingots of the matrix alloy and the composites were produced by the permanent die casting technique and extruded at 480 °C using an extrusion ratio of 10 : 1. The high-temperature tensile tests were carried out over the temperature range from 25 to 430 °C. Mechanical properties after extrusion show that the composite samples have strength values superior to that of the matrix alloy at ambient temperature. At elevated temperatures the results indicate that the composites exhibit good strength retention up to 300 °C, above which the strengthening effect of SiCp disappears as the temperature is increased. The strain rate sensitivity “m” was observed to be 0.11 for the matrix alloy, 0.13 and 0.07 for the composites with 10 and 20 vol.% SiCp, respectively, at a test temperature of 430 °C in the strain rate range from 4 × 10 –5 to 4 × 10– 2 s– 1.
Formation, stability, and presence of magnesium nitride in magnesium recycling processes
Authors: Bauer Christoph , Mogessie Aberra , Galovsky Ulrike 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study an attempt has been made to identify analytical methods for detecting magnesium nitride, and document in which part of the magnesium recycling process this phase is concentrated. The samples were taken from a continuous fluxfree recycling session, where an AZ91D magnesium alloy was remelted and purified by blowing nitrogen through the melt. Exothermic reactions took place when magnesium nitride reacted to ammonia and Brucite and also when aluminium nitride reacted to ammonia and Gibbsite in a moisture-bearing environment. Because of this, it was essential to avoid any contact with moisture during the whole sampling and preparation process. The samples were exclusively handled in an argon atmosphere. Due to their crystallinity and Raman activity the nitrides were detected with X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. With the scanning electron microscope it was difficult to analyze small concentrations of nitrides since large, stable crystals were absent and the carbon coating absorbs the nitrogen Kα line.
The Mg-alloy was found to be free of impurities. Although nitrides were expected to be concentrated in the slag because of their greater density, they were found adhering at the nitrogen bubbles and accumulating in the dross. Large amounts of oxides were concentrated in the slag.
Recent progress in the area of bulk metallic glasses
Authors: Löffler Jörg F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) form a new class of alloys which can be manufactured amorphously at a cooling rate of less than 100 K/s and in dimensions of several centimeters. Because of their particular characteristics, these glassy materials have great potential for deployment as structural and functional materials. The mechanical, magnetic, and thermophysical properties of this new materials group and the advantages they promise for the processing and manufacturing of components are presented. The possibilities for deploying bulk metallic glasses in medical devices and lightweight construction are also set out. In these two areas, we discuss some results as to the biocompatibility of metallic glasses and their potential use in vascular intervention, as well as the properties of light-metal-based bulk metallic glasses in connection with their potential as a construction material. We also present ideas concerning the development of corrosion-resistant Mg-based glasses, and the manufacture and processing of light-metal-based composites.
Phase decomposition and precipitation of metastable A2 phase in B2 ordered Co–Al–Fe alloys
Authors: Kozakai Takao , Koyama Toshiyuki , Doi Minoru 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Phase decomposition in rapidly solidified Co–Al – Fe B2 alloys during isothermal ageing at 923 K has been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. At the early stage of ageing, A2 disordered particles precipitate inside B2 matrix grains, being aligned along the <100> direction of the matrix, and equilibrium A1 phase (α-Co) is also formed mostly on grain boundaries. With further ageing, the plate-like A2 particles increase in size. On the other hand, the A1 phase on grain boundaries increases in size and also spreads into the B2 grain like tree branches as so-called Widmanstätten precipitate. Finally, the A2 phase disappears. The A1 phase remains on grain boundaries and also inside the B2 grains as spherical particles. Using the composition gradient method, the metastable precipitation limit of the A2 phase, that is the metastable phase boundary B2/(A2 + B2), was experimentally determined at 923 K. It extends smoothly into the stable A2 + B2 two-phase field on the Co–Fe side of the ternary Co–Al –Fe system.
A critical analysis of the composite model as applied to high-temperature creep of Al and an Al–Mg alloy
Authors: Zehetbauer M. , Schafler E. , Dobeš F. , Milička K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The composite model which has been created by Mughrabi, and developed by several other researchers, is analyzed with respect to high-temperature creep of Al and an Al– Mg alloy. Data for structural parameters such as local and global internal stresses, and dislocation densities have been obtained from X-ray line profile analyses and stress dip tests. Based on the composite model, quantitative relations have been derived which convert the internal stresses gained from X-ray profile analysis into those obtained from stress dip tests. This allowed for a detailed check of the composite model and its formalism describing local and global external and internal stresses, and local and global dislocation densities, during creep at high temperatures. While the local and global internal stresses show an excellent coincidence, the dislocation densities and subboundary volume fractions derived from experiment and modelling show certain deviations; however, these can be related to simplifications of equations used which are not part of the composite model.
Liquid–liquid interfacial tension in themonotectic alloy (Al34.5Bi65.5)95Si5 (wt.%)
Authors: Kaban Ivan , Hoyer Walter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The liquid – liquid interfacial tension and the density difference of the coexisting phases in the immiscible alloy (Al34.5Bi65.5)95Si5 (wt.%) have been measured between 873 and 1238 K. The interfacial tension equals (73.0 ± 3.6) mN/m at 873 K and it decreases with increasing temperature proportionally to (1 – T/T
C)
δ
. The critical-point exponent δ = 1.38, and the critical temperature T
C = 1410 K were determined from the experimental data.
Influence of Sb additions on surface tension and density of Sn–Sb, Sn–Ag–Sb and Sn–Ag–Cu–Sb alloys: Experiment vs. modeling
Authors: Moser Z. , Gąsior W. , Pstruś J. , Ohnuma I. , Ishida K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Surface tension and density measurements by maximum bubble pressure and dilatometric techniques were carried out in an extensive range of temperature on liquid alloys close to the ternary eutectic Sn3.3Ag0.76Cu with different Sb content. It has been found that the addition of Sb to Sn, Sn–Sb, to binary eutectic Sn–Ag and to Sn3.3Ag0.76Cu decreases the surface tension and density. The values of the surface tension calculated by the Butler model and by the method based on the binary alloys surface tension data with the ternary and quaternary correction factors were compared with the experimental results. The best agreement between the measured and the calculated values was observed for the model comprising the binary data with the correction factors.