bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Local Rain-Rate Extreme Associated with a Mesovortex over South China: Observational Structures, Characteristics, and Evolution
Authors: Zeng Zhilin , Wang Donghai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Extreme short-term hourly rainfall accumulations are shown to be commonly attendant with rotation-featured mesovortices. This study aims to document the detailed aspects of mesovortex-related extreme rain rates in a record-breaking event that occurred over South China on 7 May 2017 through high-resolution observations, and to reveal how the mesoscale storm contributes to the extreme rain rates, with special attention given to the minute rain-rate enhancement episode (MREE). The event accumulation possesses highly local distribution, with a spatial rainfall core. Extreme rain rates are dictated by a meso-γ-scale storm, and it is found that the observed rain rate is well correlated to storm-related maximum reflectivity in the lowest 2 km above ground level (AGL) as well as its reflectivity centroid (i.e., reflectivity factor exceeding 50 dBZ) depth. The cross section reveals that the storm structure evolves progressively into a single centroid, which subsequently descends to the near surface, resulting in the rain-rate peak (4.8 mm min−1). Extremely weak environmental mean flow interacts with the near-opposite storm propagation that determines the slow storm movement, prolonging local rainfall. Rainfall-induced cold outflow surges ahead unevenly, leading to an inhomogeneous mesoscale outflow boundary (IMOB) at low levels. A mesovortex subsequently develops along the IMOB in the lowest ∼5.5 km AGL, with a horizontal radius of 1.5–3 km. A mesoscale low-level jet observed over the upstream of the storm increases the low-level shear despite short duration, which provide potential dynamics for the storm and mesovortex development. These results help us better understand the generation of extreme rain rates in small spatiotemporal scale.

Significance Statement
Despite many extreme short-duration rainfall events linking to low-level rotation phenomenon, we are still exploring how these rotations develop within extreme-rainfall-producing storms. While past studies have found that these low-level rotations within such storms are conducive to enhancing rainfall, rotation characteristics are less understood. In this study, we examine how the rotations develop during an episode of observed-rainfall rise. The results reveal that the cold airflows resulted from the storm-inducing rainfall impinge unevenly on warm moist southerly wind, leading to such low-level rotation. The rainfall observed per minute is found to associate well with low-level rotation that develops upward. These results further motivate exploration of extreme short-duration rainfall and storm-related rotation.
The Temporal Borders of Transnational Belonging: Aging Migrant Domestic Workers in Singapore
Authors: Amrith Megha 
Published: February 2022

Amidst public debate about the need for migrant domestic workers to assist with eldercare in Asia, we hear little about the futures of the workers themselves. This paper focuses on low-wage migrant domestic workers of different nationalities who have spent decades in Singapore, and how they imagine, prepare for, or avoid discussion of their aging futures. Singapore’s immigration regime enforces mandatory retirement and return migration when domestic workers reach 60 years old. These impending displacements evoke mixed emotions as migrant women re-evaluate questions of care, home, and the relationships they have developed with employers, kin back home, and communities abroad. In this paper, I explore how temporal borders operate alongside spatial borders to shape migrant women’s futures, illuminating uneven intersections between citizenship, gender, and care over the lifecourse. I further trace how the women navigate, ignore, push back, and bridge the anticipated ruptures of temporal borders.
Is Medicaid Expansion Associated with Improved Nonmetastatic Colon Cancer Survival? An Analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Reitz Alexandra C.W. , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Gillespie Theresa W. 
Published: February 2022

Medicaid expansion has been associated with improved colorectal cancer screening rates and earlier stage diagnosis, but its impact on survival among colon cancer patients is unknown. We hypothesized that patients with invasive, nonmetastatic colon cancer residing in Medicaid expansion states (MES) would have better survival rates compared to patients in non-expansion states (NES). Methods This retrospective study of 86 413 patients (40-64 years old) undergoing surgical resection for a new diagnosis of invasive, nonmetastatic colon cancer included in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2010 to 2015 compared overall survival (OS) in MES to NES. Cox proportional hazard models, fit for OS, and propensity score-matching (PSM) analysis were performed. Results In this sample, 51 297 cases (59.2%) lived in MES and 35 116 (40.8%) in NES. Medicaid expansion states had earlier pathological stage compared to NES (stage I 25.38% vs 24.17%, stage II 32.93 vs 33.4%, and stage III 41.69 vs 42.43%; P < .001). 5-year OS in MES was higher than NES (79.1% vs 77.3%; P < .001); however, on both multivariable analysis (MVA) and PSM analysis, MES did not have significantly different OS from NES (hazard ratio (HR), .99, 95% confidence interval (CI), .95-1.03; P = .570; HR, .99, 95% CI, .95-1.03; P = .68). Conclusion Among NCDB patients with invasive, nonmetastatic colon cancer residing in MES at time of diagnosis was associated with earlier pathological stage. However, on both MVA and PSM analysis, OS was not significantly different in MES vs NES. Research on patient outcomes, such as receipt of guideline concordant care, can further inform the impact of insurance coverage expansion efforts on cancer outcomes.
Drivers’ Performance in Non-critical Take-Overs From an Automated Driving System—An On-Road Study
Authors: Rydström Annie , Mullaart Mattias Söderholm , Novakazi Fjollë , Johansson Mikael , Eriksson Alexander 
Published: February 2022

Objective The objective of this semi-controlled study was to investigate drivers’ performance when resuming control from an Automated Driving System (ADS), simulated through the Wizard of Oz method, in real traffic. Background Research on take-overs has primarily focused on urgent scenarios. This article aims to shift the focus to non-critical take-overs from a system operating in congested traffic situations. Method Twenty drivers drove a selected route in rush-hour traffic in the San Francisco Bay Area, CA, USA. During the drive, the ADS became available when predetermined availability conditions were fulfilled. When the system was active, the drivers were free to engage in non-driving related activities. Results The results show that drivers’ transition time goes down with exposure, making it reasonable to assume that some experience is required to regain control with comfort and ease. The novel analysis of after-effects of automated driving on manual driving performance implies that the after-effects were close to negligible. Observational data indicate that, with exposure, a majority of the participants started to engage in non-driving related activities to some extent, but it is unclear how the activities influenced the take-over performance. Conclusion The results indicate that drivers need repeated exposure to take-overs to be able to fully resume manual control with ease. Application Take-over signals (e.g., visuals, sounds, and haptics) should be carefully designed to avoid startle effects and the human-machine interface should provide clear guidance on the required take-over actions.
It’s funny because it’s true? Reflections on laughter, deception, and critique
Authors: Giamario Patrick T 
Published: February 2022

This essay challenges the prevailing view among critical theorists that laughter’s emancipatory power stems from its ability to speak the truth. The disparate accounts of laughter offered by Plato, Hobbes, and Nietzsche exemplify an alternative strategy for theorizing laughter as a performance of deception, or an experience that mystifies rather than enlightens. While a view of laughter as deceptive may at first appear to reduce laughter’s critical leverage over ideology, I argue that this approach offers a stronger account of its emancipatory power. Speaking the truth does little more than reveal the falsity of ideology, and laughter’s capacity to actually transform society hinges on how it deceives differently – namely, in such a way that prompts the imagination and construction of more democratic institutions and modes of relating. The essay concludes by considering the implications of this argument for how we understand the role of truth in critical theory today.
Feasibility of non-invasive neuro-monitoring during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children
Authors: McDevitt William M , Farley Margaret , Martin-Lamb Darren , Jones Timothy J , Morris Kevin P , Seri Stefano , Scholefield Barnaby R 
Published: February 2022

Introduction Detection of neurological complications during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be enhanced with non-invasive neuro-monitoring. We investigated the feasibility of non-invasive neuro-monitoring in a paediatric intensive care (PIC) setting. Methods In a single centre, prospective cohort study we assessed feasibility of recruitment, and neuro-monitoring via somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), electroencephalography (EEG) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during venoarterial (VA) ECMO in paediatric patients (0–15 years). Measures were obtained within 24h of cannulation, during an intermediate period, and finally at decannulation or echo stress testing. SSEP/EEG/NIRS measures were correlated with neuro-radiology findings, and clinical outcome assessed via the Pediatric cerebral performance category (PCPC) scale 30 days post ECMO cannulation. Results We recruited 14/20 (70%) eligible patients (median age: 9 months; IQR:4–54, 57% male) over an 18-month period, resulting in a total of 42 possible SSEP/EEG/NIRS measurements. Of these, 32/42 (76%) were completed. Missed recordings were due to lack of access/consent within 24 h of cannulation (5/42, 12%) or PIC death/discharge (5/42, 12%). In each patient, the majority of SSEP (8/14, 57%), EEG (8/14, 57%) and NIRS (11/14, 79%) test results were within normal limits. All patients with abnormal neuroradiology (4/10, 40%), and 6/7 (86%) with poor outcome (PCPC ≥4) developed indirect SSEP, EEG or NIRS measures of neurological complications prior to decannulation. No study-related adverse events or neuro-monitoring data interpreting issues were experienced. Conclusion Non-invasive neuro-monitoring (SSEP/EEG/NIRS) during ECMO is feasible and may provide early indication of neurological complications in this high-risk population.
Uncertainty and the Value of Information in Risk Prediction Modeling
Authors: Sadatsafavi Mohsen , Yoon Lee Tae , Gustafson Paul 
Published: February 2022

Background Because of the finite size of the development sample, predicted probabilities from a risk prediction model are inevitably uncertain. We apply value-of-information methodology to evaluate the decision-theoretic implications of prediction uncertainty. Methods Adopting a Bayesian perspective, we extend the definition of the expected value of perfect information (EVPI) from decision analysis to net benefit calculations in risk prediction. In the context of model development, EVPI is the expected gain in net benefit by using the correct predictions as opposed to predictions from a proposed model. We suggest bootstrap methods for sampling from the posterior distribution of predictions for EVPI calculation using Monte Carlo simulations. We used subsets of data of various sizes from a clinical trial for predicting mortality after myocardial infarction to show how EVPI changes with sample size. Results With a sample size of 1000 and at the prespecified threshold of 2% on predicted risks, the gains in net benefit using the proposed and the correct models were 0.0006 and 0.0011, respectively, resulting in an EVPI of 0.0005 and a relative EVPI of 87%. EVPI was zero only at unrealistically high thresholds (>85%). As expected, EVPI declined with larger samples. We summarize an algorithm for incorporating EVPI calculations into the commonly used bootstrap method for optimism correction. Conclusion The development EVPI can be used to decide whether a model can advance to validation, whether it should be abandoned, or whether a larger development sample is needed. Value-of-information methods can be applied to explore decision-theoretic consequences of uncertainty in risk prediction and can complement inferential methods in predictive analytics. R code for implementing this method is provided.
Feline neonatology: From birth to commencement of weaning – what to know for successful management
Authors: Veronesi Maria Cristina , Fusi Jasmine 
Published: February 2022

Practical relevance: Despite considerable interest in the field of companion animal reproduction, feline neonatology remains largely unstudied. This contrasts with the need for a more professional veterinary approach to newborn kittens and feline husbandry, across the pet, breeding cattery and rescue shelter settings, to reduce kitten mortality. Global importance: Feline neonatology has relevance for veterinarians around the world as cats are continuing to become established as popular companion animals. Clinical challenges: Perinatal mortality in cats is remarkably high. Therefore, adequate neonatal evaluation and assistance at birth, careful monitoring of kittens in the vulnerable period until weaning begins, assessment of maternal factors and well-informed management of orphans are crucial in helping to reduce kitten losses. Aim: This review aims to deepen the basic knowledge of the veterinary clinical team regarding the characteristics of feline newborns under normal conditions at birth through to the commencement of weaning. Much of the information is also relevant to breeders and rescue/shelter caregivers. Evidence base: In compiling the present review, the authors have drawn on specific feline research data, where available, complemented by data extrapolated from scientific publications on newborn dogs, and also their own and their colleagues’ professional clinical experience.
Suicidal and nonsuicidal self-harming thoughts and behaviors in clinically referred children and adolescents with gender dysphoria
Authors: Hartig Amelie , Voss Catharina , Herrmann Lena , Fahrenkrug Saskia , Bindt Carola , Becker-Hebly Inga 
Published: February 2022

Background Young transgender or gender nonconforming (TGNC) children and adolescents or those with a gender dysphoria (GD) diagnosis show an increased risk of suicidal and nonsuicidal self-harming thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Data from German-speaking regions on this topic and studies comparing self- and parent-reported STBs have been scarce. The study aims were therefore to examine: (a) frequencies of self- and parent-reported STBs in a German clinical sample of children and adolescents with GD and (b) differences between age and gender groups, as well as between self- and parent-reports. Methods Two items from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Youth Self-Report (YSR) were used to assess self- and parent-reported STBs in a sample of 343 adolescents and 49 children who presented to the Hamburg Gender Identity Service (Hamburg GIS) between 2013 and 2019. Seventy-eight percent of the analysis sample was assigned female at birth (AFAB), and 22% were assigned male at birth (AMAB). Results Parents reported STBs on the CBCL for 16% and 6% of the cases in childhood and for 20% and 29% of the adolescent cases, respectively. STBs were self-reported by 38% and 45% of the adolescents who could report on the YSR. STBs were higher among adolescents than among children and in self-reports (YSR) compared to parent reports (CBCL). AFAB adolescents reported higher degrees of STBs than AMAB adolescents. Conclusions Children and adolescents with GD are a high-risk population for STBs, especially pubescent and AFAB individuals. Mental health professionals should screen early for STBs to prevent possible suicidal ideation-to-action transitions.
Processing of waste carbon and polyamide fibers for high performance thermoplastic composites: A novel manufacturing technology for unidirectional tapes structure
Authors: Khurshid Muhammad Furqan , Hasan Mir Mohammad B , Abdkader Anwar , Cherif Chokri 
Published: February 2022

This paper presents an innovative, eco-friendly and sustainable tape manufacturing technology that transforms waste carbon and polyamide fibers into a new class of fibrous structure with unidirectional fiber orientation, termed “unidirectional tapes structure” for the fabrication of high performance composites. This novel technology imparts homogeneity, uniformity, orientation and thermal stability in unidirectional tapes structure that resemble conventional prepreg material. Unidirectional configuration of the tapes structure brings a revolution towards development of cost efficient carbon fiber composites for load bearing structural applications. This paper introduces the concept of tape manufacturing technology and highlights the modifications, optimization, and technological developments carried out to develop unidirectional tapes. The structural parameters that play a significant role in the properties of the high performance composite, such as fiber length, fiber orientation, fiber damage, and uniformity, were assessed during tape manufacturing. The results reveal composites fabricated from unidirectional tape structures with optimum parameters deliver tensile strength and modulus of 1370 ± 22 MPa and 85 ± 4 GPa, respectively.
Arteriographic patterns of peripheral arterial disease in lower limbs in a Peruvian cohort of patients
Authors: Cubas Wildor Samir , Cáceres-Farfán Ludwig , Rojas-Huillca Miguel , Pachas-Canales Carlos , Salazar-Cuizano Milagros , Tipacti-Rodríguez Félix 
Published: February 2022

Introduction There is currently no universal and uniform pattern of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the lower limbs; however, it is influenced by various cardiovascular factors of the individual. The objective of this study was to identify the arteriographic patterns of PAD in the lower limbs according to cardiovascular factors in a Peruvian cohort of patients. Methods This is an analytical, observational, and retrospective study. The arteriographic patterns of PAD in the aortoiliac segment were analyzed with the TransAtlantic InterSociety Consensus (TASC-II) score and the Global Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) for the femoropopliteal (FP), infraopopliteal (IP), and pedial (P) segments in a Peruvian cohort from January 2018 to May 2021. Results 595 patients (833 extremities) were analyzed with a mean age of 67.54 ± 16.39 years, and the main cardiovascular factor was diabetes (65.04%). The patients older than 65 years with GLASS FP 4 (p = 0.042), IP 0 (p = 0.004), and P2 ( p = 0.047) presented significant findings: in men and women with GLASS IP 4 ( p = 0.031) and P 2 ( p = 0.045); diabetes with TASC-II A ( p = 0.031), GLASS FP 4 ( p = 0.038), IP 4 ( p = 0.009), and P2 ( p = 0.003); dyslipidemia with TASC-II D ( p = 0.027), GLASS FP 4 ( p = 0.038), IP 0 ( p = 0.009), and P0 ( p = 0.003); smoking with TASC-II D ( p = 0.001), GLASS FP 4 ( p = 0.049) and IP 0 ( p = 0.008); chronic coronary disease with GLASS IP 4 ( p = 0.049) and P2 ( p = 0.037); chronic kidney disease with GLASS FP 4 ( p=0.047), IP 4 ( p = 0.004), and P2 ( p = 0.016); and previous amputation history with GLASS IP 4 ( p = 0.015) and P2 ( p = 0.039). The most frequent arteriographic pattern of PAD in the lower limbs of our cohort was TASC-II A, GLASS FP 0 and 4, IP 0, and P2 ( p = 0.047). Conclusion Our work will allow the limb salvage teams to understand the behavior of PAD affectation in the population of our environment, allowing a timely control of cardiovascular risk factors, adequate revascularization planning, and a significant reduction in the risk of loss of limb.
An observational study of hand hygiene compliance of surgical healthcare workers in a Nigerian teaching hospital
Authors: Ataiyero Yetunde , Dyson Judith , Graham Moira 
Published: February 2022

Background Patients sometimes contract healthcare associated infections (HCAI) which are unrelated to their primary reasons for hospital admission. Surgical site infections are the most investigated and most recurrent type of HCAI in developing countries, affecting up to one-third of surgical patients. Objective This study aimed to assess and offer context to the hand hygiene resources available in a Nigerian teaching hospital through ward infrastructure survey, and to determine the hand hygiene compliance rate among surgical healthcare workers (HCWs) in a Nigerian teaching hospital through hand hygiene observations. Methods Ward infrastructure survey was conducted in the two adult surgical wards of the hospital using the World Health Organisation (WHO) hand hygiene ward infrastructure survey form. Hand hygiene observations were monitored over seven days in the surgical wards using a modified WHO hand hygiene observation form. Results Hand hygiene resources were insufficient, below the WHO recommended minimum standards. Seven hundred hand hygiene opportunities were captured. Using SPSS version 24.0, we conducted a descriptive analysis of audit results, and results were presented according to professional group, seniority and hand hygiene opportunities of the participants. Overall hand hygiene compliance was 29.1% and compliance was less than 40% across the three professional groups of doctors, nurses and healthcare assistants. Conclusion Hand hygiene compliance rates of the surgical HCWs are comparable to those in other Sub-Saharan African countries as well as in developed countries.
Establishment of a preliminary FRAX®-based intervention threshold for rheumatoid arthritis–associated fragility fracture: a 3-year longitudinal, observational, cohort study
Authors: Yu Shan-Fu , Chen Ming-Han , Chen Jia-Feng , Wang Yu-Wei , Chen Ying-Chou , Hsu Chung-Yuan , Lai Han-Ming , Chiu Wen-Chan , Ko Chi-Hua , He Hsiao-Ru , Cheng Tien-Tsai 
Published: February 2022

Background: To establish a FRAX®-based prediction model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated fragility fracture. Methods: This study is a longitudinal, real-world, registry cohort study. Patients with RA were registered to start in September 2014. The baseline demographics, bone mineral density (BMD), and risk factors of osteoporosis or fragility fracture were recorded. Subsequent fragility fractures during the 3-year observation period were also recorded. We developed a fixed intervention threshold (FITD) to identify fractures by choosing an optimal cut-off point on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and FRAX®. Several models for intervention thresholds (IT), including fixed intervention threshold (Taiwan) (FITT), age-specific individual intervention threshold (IIT), and hybrid intervention threshold (HIT), were compared to evaluate which IT model will have better discriminative power. Results: As of December 2020, a total of 493 RA participants have completed the 3-year observation study. The mean age of the participants was 59.3 ± 8.7, and 116 (23.5%) new fragility fractures were observed during the study period. In terms of pairwise comparisons of area under the curve ( n, 95% confidence interval) in the ROC curve, the FITD (0.669, 0.610–0.727, p < 0.001) with a value of 22% in major osteoporotic fracture and FITT (0.640, 0.582–0.699, p < 0.001) is significantly better than reference, but not for IIT (0.543, 0.485–0.601, p = 0.165) and HIT (0.543, 0.485–0.601, p = 0.165). Conclusion: An optimal FIT is established for intervention decisions in RA-associated fragility fractures. This model can offer an easy and simple guide to aid RA caregivers to provide interventions to prevent fragility fractures in patients with RA.