bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TwoO-Methyltransferases from Phylogenetically Unrelated Cow Parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) and Hinoki-Asunaro (Thujopsis dolabratavar.hondae) as a Signature of Lineage-Specific Evolution in Lignan Biosynthesis
Authors: Yamamura Masaomi , Kumatani Masato , Shiraishi Akira , Matsuura Yu , Kobayashi Keisuke , Suzuki Ayano , Kawamura Atsushi , Satake Honoo , Ragamustari Safendrri Komara , Suzuki Shiro , Suzuki Hideyuki , Shibata Daisuke , Kawai Shingo , Ono Eiichiro , Umezawa Toshiaki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractO-Methyltransferases (OMTs) play important roles in antitumor lignan biosynthesis. To date, six OMTs catalyzing the methylation of dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans as biosynthetic precursors of antitumor lignans have been identified. However, there is still no systematic understanding of the diversity and regularity of the biosynthetic mechanisms among various plant lineages. Herein, we report the characterization of two OMTs from Anthriscus sylvestris and Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondae [designated as AsSecoNorYatein (SNY) OMT and TdSNYOMT] together with the six known OMTs to evaluate their diversity and regularity. Although A. sylvestris 5-O-methylthujaplicatin (SecoNorYatein) and 4-O-demethylyatein (NorYatein) OMT (AsSNYOMT) and TdSNYOMT accept 5-O-methylthujaplicatin and 4-O-demethylyatein as substrates, phylogenetic analysis indicated that these two OMTs shared low amino acid sequence identity, 33.8%, indicating a signature of parallel evolution. The OMTs and the six previously identified OMTs were found to be diverse in terms of their substrate specificity, regioselectivity and amino acid sequence identity, indicating independent evolution in each plant species. Meanwhile, two-entropy analysis detected four amino acid residues as being specifically acquired by dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan OMTs. Site-directed mutation of AsSNYOMT indicated that two of them contributed specifically to 5-O-methylthujaplicatin methylation. The results provide a new example of parallel evolution and the diversity and regularity of OMTs in plant secondary (specialized) metabolism.
Measuring and Explainingde factoRegional Policy Autonomy Variation in a Constitutionally Symmetrical Federation: The Case of Ethiopia, 1995–2020
Authors: Yimenu Bizuneh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article measures regional policy autonomy and explains the factors that drive autonomy variation in land policy from 1995 to 2020, taking Ethiopia, the late twentieth-century adoption of federalism and a federation of very diverse regions, as a case. By comparing three regions, Benishangul-Gumuz, Oromia, and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples, the article shows that de facto regional policy autonomy varies, although the regions are constitutionally symmetrical. Why do some regions have less de facto autonomy than others? Contrary to conventional expectations, party noncongruence appears less important in explaining the regional autonomy variation. Regional capacity, national integration goals and development objectives appear to have played a major role in generating de facto regional policy autonomy variation without a constitutional amendment. Regions lacking capacity and peripheral regions tend to face more centralization than others. Insights from Ethiopia imply that states embracing federalism should consider regional inequality in development and capacity in designing a federal constitution.
Trading on Talent: Human Capital and Firm Performance
Authors: Fedyk Anastassia , Hodson James 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
How is technically skilled human capital reflected in firm performance? We leverage a uniquely detailed employer–employee matched dataset to measure US firms’ technical human capital in information technology (IT), Software Engineering, Mobile Networks, Data Analysis, and Web Development. All five technical skillsets are associated with higher firm valuations. However, they negatively forecast both financial and operational performance in the future. For example, a one-standard-deviation increase in employees with IT skills corresponds to 2.2% higher Tobin’s q but predictable future returns of –10 basis points per month. Our results are stronger in tighter labor markets, in firms with more cash, and during time periods when each technical skillset is especially popular. These patterns suggest that the market expects too much from popular technologies, leading to over-valuation. Overall, our results highlight how corporate over-investment can extend to intangible capital such as skilled employees.
Physiological recovery of tree water relations upon drought release—response of mature beech and spruce after five years of recurrent summer drought
Authors: Hesse Benjamin D , Gebhardt Timo , Hafner Benjamin D , Hikino Kyohsuke , Reitsam Anna , Gigl Michael , Dawid Corinna , Häberle Karl-Heinz , Grams Thorsten E E 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs climate change progresses, the frequency and duration of drought stress events are increasing. While the mechanisms of drought acclimation of trees has received considerable attention in recent years, the recovery processes remain critically understudied. We used a unique throughfall exclusion experiment in a mature temperate mixed forest consisting of the more isohydric Norway spruce and more anisohydric European beech, to study the recovery and resilience after drought release. We hypothesized that pre-dawn water potential (ΨPD) of both species will increase within 1 day after watering, while the recovery of stomatal conductance (gs) and the reversal of osmoregulation will be significantly delayed in the more isohydric spruce. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the xylem sap flow density (udaily) will not fully recover within the growing season due to the strong drought impact. After 5 years of summer drought, trees showed significantly reduced ΨPD, udaily and increased osmoregulation in leaves, but only isohydric spruce displayed increased leaf abscisic acid concentrations. In line with our hypothesis, ΨPD and gs recovered within 1 day in beech. Conversely, isohydric spruce showed delayed increases in ΨPD and gs. The delay in recovery of spruce was partially related to the replenishment of the stem water reservoir, as indicated by the missing response of udaily at the crown base compared with DBH level upon watering. However, udaily fully recovered only in the next growing season for beech and was still reduced in spruce. Nevertheless, in both species, osmotic acclimations of leaves were reversed within several weeks. While both species displayed full resilience to drought stress in water-related physiology, the recovery time was in several cases, e.g., udaily, ΨPD and gs, shorter for beech than for spruce. With future increases in the frequency of drought events under ongoing climate change, tree species that recover more quickly will be favored.
Biologics for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Caminati Marco , Maule Matteo , Bello Federica , Emmi Giacomo 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
The link between severe asthma and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) in terms of pathophysiological background, clinical manifestations and disease evolution has leaded to investigate the relevance of anti T2 monoclonal antibodies licensed for severe asthma patients as a treatment option for EGPA. The present review aimed to provide un update on EGPA pathophysiology and to critically summarize the most robust evidence coming from trials and real-life setting on the use of anti T2 biologics in EGPA patients.

Recent findings
Mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody, is the only biologic drug targeting eosinophilic inflammation currently approved for EGPA treatment at the dose of 300 mg/4 weeks. Its use is restricted by the American College of Rheumatology guidelines to specific diseases phases and severity grades. However the most appropriate mepolizumab positioning and dose is still under investigation in the real life practice, which is providing an increasing amount of evidence confirming its efficacy, alone or in combination with other options in different disease stages. The relevance of other monoclonal antibodies interfering with T2 inflammation, including omalizumab and benralizumab, is under investigation but the evidence is still scarce

Summary
Taking into account the suboptimal medium-long term safety profile of conventional EGPA treatments, the opportunity of selectively targeting eosinophilic inflammation certainly represents a revolutionary approach. However, further real-word evidence is required to effectively position the new treatments in the light of the disease complexity, including different immunological drivers, and individual variability.
Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Cryoneurolysis to Treat Chronic Postamputation Phantom Limb Pain: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ilfeld Brian M. , Smith Cameron R. , Turan Alparslan , Mariano Edward R. , Miller Matthew E. , Fisher Rick L. , Trescot Andrea M. , Cohen Steven P. , Eisenach James C. , Sessler Daniel I. , Prologo J. David , Mascha Edward J. , Liu Liu , Gabriel Rodney A. ,   the PAINfRE Investigators
Published: November 2022

Background
Postamputation phantom pain is notoriously persistent with few validated treatments. Cryoneurolysis involves the application of low temperatures to reversibly ablate peripheral nerves. The authors tested the hypothesis that a single cryoneurolysis treatment would decrease phantom pain 4 months later.

Methods
The authors enrolled patients with a lower-limb amputation and established phantom pain. Each received a single-injection femoral and sciatic nerve block with lidocaine and was subsequently randomized to receive either ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoneurolysis or sham treatment at these same locations. The primary outcome was the change in average phantom pain intensity between baseline and 4 months as measured with a numeric rating scale (0 to 10), after which an optional crossover treatment was offered. Investigators, participants, and clinical staff were masked to treatment group assignment with the exception of the treating physician performing the cryoneurolysis, who had no subsequent participant interaction.

Results
Pretreatment phantom pain scores were similar in both groups, with a median [quartiles] of 5.0 [4.0, 6.0] for active treatment and 5.0 [4.0, 7.0] for sham. After 4 months, pain intensity decreased by 0.5 [–0.5, 3.0] in patients given cryoneurolysis (n = 71) versus 0 [0, 3] in patients given sham (n = 73), with an estimated difference (95% CI) of –0.1 (–1.0 to 0.7), P = 0.759. Following their statistical gatekeeping protocol, the authors did not make inferences or draw conclusions on secondary endpoints. One serious adverse event occurred after a protocol deviation in which a femoral nerve cryolesion was induced just below the inguinal ligament—instead of the sensory-only saphenous nerve—which resulted in quadriceps weakness, and possibly a fall and clavicle fracture.

Conclusions
Percutaneous cryoneurolysis did not decrease chronic lower extremity phantom limb pain 4 months after treatment. However, these results were based upon the authors’ specific study protocol, and since the optimal cryoneurolysis treatment parameters such as freeze duration and anatomic treatment location remain unknown, further research is warranted.

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Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury by Age and Sex: A Retrospective Cohort Association Study
Authors: Privratsky Jamie R. , Fuller Matthew , Raghunathan Karthik , Ohnuma Tetsu , Bartz Raquel R. , Schroeder Rebecca , Price Thomas M. , Martinez Michael R. , Sigurdsson Martin I. , Mathis Michael R. , Naik Bhiken , Krishnamoorthy Vijay 
Published: November 2022

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) after noncardiac surgery is common and has substantial health impact. Preclinical and clinical studies examining the influence of sex on AKI have yielded conflicting results, although they typically do not account for age-related changes. The objective of the study was to determine the association of age and sex groups on postoperative AKI. The authors hypothesized that younger females would display lower risk of postoperative AKI than males of similar age, and the protection would be lost in older females.

Methods
This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study across 46 institutions between 2013 and 2019. Participants included adult inpatients without pre-existing end-stage kidney disease undergoing index major noncardiac, nonkidney/urologic surgeries. The authors’ primary exposure was age and sex groups defined as females 50 yr or younger, females older than 50 yr, males 50 yr or younger, and males older than 50 yr. The authors’ primary outcome was development of AKI by Kidney Disease-Improving Global Outcomes serum creatinine criteria. Exploratory analyses included associations of ascending age groups and hormone replacement therapy home medications with postoperative AKI.

Results
Among 390,382 patients, 25,809 (6.6%) developed postoperative AKI (females 50 yr or younger: 2,190 of 58,585 [3.7%]; females older than 50 yr: 9,320 of 14,4047 [6.5%]; males 50 yr or younger: 3,289 of 55,503 [5.9%]; males older than 50 yr: 11,010 of 132,447 [8.3%]). When adjusted for AKI risk factors, compared to females younger than 50 yr (odds ratio, 1), the odds of AKI were higher in females older than 50 yr (odds ratio, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.43 to 1.59), males younger than 50 yr (odds ratio, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.79 to 2.01), and males older than 50 yr (odds ratio, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.96 to 2.17).

Conclusions
Younger females display a lower odds of postoperative AKI that gradually increases with age. These results suggest that age-related changes in women should be further studied as modifiers of postoperative AKI risk after noncardiac surgery.

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Nonopioid Analgesic Prescriptions Filled after Surgery among Older Adults in Ontario, Canada: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Jivraj Naheed K. , Ladha Karim S. , Goel Akash , Hill Andrea , Wijeysundera Duminda N. , Bateman Brian T. , Neuman Mark , Wunsch Hannah 
Published: November 2022

Background
The objective was to assess changes over time in prescriptions filled for nonopioid analgesics for older postoperative patients in the immediate postdischarge period. The authors hypothesized that the number of patients who filled a nonopioid analgesic prescription increased during the study period.

Methods
The authors performed a population-based cohort study using linked health administrative data of 278,366 admissions aged 66 yr or older undergoing surgery between fiscal year 2013 and 2019 in Ontario, Canada. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with new filled prescriptions for nonopioid analgesics within 7 days of discharge, and the secondary outcome was the analgesic class. The authors assessed whether patients filled prescriptions for a nonopioid only, an opioid only, both opioid and nonopioid prescriptions, or a combination opioid/nonopioid.

Results
Overall, 22% (n = 60,181) of patients filled no opioid prescription, 2% (n = 5,534) filled a nonopioid only, 21% (n = 59,608) filled an opioid only, and 55% (n = 153,043) filled some combination of opioid and nonopioid. The percentage of patients who filled a nonopioid prescription within 7 days postoperatively increased from 9% (n = 2,119) in 2013 to 28% (n = 13,090) in 2019, with the greatest increase for acetaminophen: 3% (n = 701) to 20% (n = 9,559). The percentage of patients who filled a combination analgesic prescription decreased from 53% (n = 12,939) in 2013 to 28% (n = 13,453) in 2019. However, the percentage who filled both an opioid and nonopioid prescription increased: 4% (n = 938) to 21% (n = 9,880) so that the overall percentage of patients who received both an opioid and a nonopioid remained constant over time 76% (n = 18,642) in 2013 to 75% (n = 35,391) in 2019.

Conclusions
The proportion of postoperative patients who fill prescriptions for nonopioid analgesics has increased. However, rather than a move to use of nonopioids alone for analgesia, this represents a shift away from combination medications toward separate prescriptions for opioids and nonopioids.

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Implementation Science Toolkit for Clinicians
Authors: Reynolds Staci S. , Granger Bradi B. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Clinicians are often familiar with quality improvement (QI) and evidence-based practice (EBP) processes, which provides guidance into what evidence should be implemented; however, these processes do not address how to successfully implement evidence.

Objective
Clinicians would benefit from a deeper understanding of implementation science, along with practical tools for how to use these principles in QI and EBP projects.

Methods
We provide a brief background of the principles of implementation science, an overview of current implementation science models and a toolkit to facilitate choosing and using common implementation science strategies. In addition, the toolkit provides guidance for measuring the success of an implementation science project and a case study showing how implementation science strategies can be used successfully in clinical practice.

Conclusions
Using an implementation science toolkit for designing, conducting, and evaluating a QI or EBP project improves the quality and generalizability of results.
Using Closed Incision Negative Pressure Therapy Specialty Dressings over Incisions following Sternal Dehiscence Reconstruction
Authors: Gabriel Allen , Chan Vivian , Caldarella Marissa , O’Rorke Erin 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Surgical site complications (SSCs) after median sternotomy, such as deep sternal wound infection and sternal dehiscence, are rare but can be catastrophic. If undetected, there is an elevated risk of mortality. Reconstructive surgery consisting of debridement, sternectomy, and muscle flap coverage is widely used as standard of care for deep sternal wound infection.

Methods:
This was an observational, retrospective cohort study of patients with SSCs following index cardiothoracic procedures. A single surgeon performed chest wall reconstruction using muscle flaps followed by closed incision negative pressure therapy (ciNPT; −125 mm Hg) using a ciNPT specialty dressing with an expanded coverage area to resolve sternal defects. Dressing changes occurred every 7 days. Postoperative follow-up appointments occurred after 30 days.

Results:
Sixteen consecutive sternal reconstruction patients (six women and 10 men) with multiple comorbidities and an average age of 61.1 years were included in an initial evaluation of the ciNPT specialty dressing over median sternotomy incisions revised using flaps. The duration of ciNPT was 14 days with a single dressing change at day 7. At the initial dressing change, 93.8% of incisions were closed. Within 30 days postreconstruction, 18.8% of the patients had SSCs (hematoma or dehiscence). No seromas were noted. At 30-day follow-up appointments, 93.8% of incisions remained closed. Patients reported reduced pain and swelling. Average inpatient length of stay was 12.2 ± 14.2 days.

Conclusion:
In these patients, ciNPT using the ciNPT specialty dressing helped to facilitate positive healing outcomes in patients with deep sternal wound infections following sternal defect reconstruction post cardiothoracic surgery.
Pediatric cataract surgery: considerations and updates in diagnosis and management
Authors: Jody Nicole , Santana Margarita , Rudell Jolene 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of updates in the diagnosis and management of pediatric cataracts, with an emphasis on recent discoveries in the last two years.

Recent findings
Pediatric cataracts remain an infrequent but significant disease with vision threatening consequences. Although much of the management has not changed historically, more recent updates, particularly borrowed from adult cataract management, have influenced the field of cataract management in children. Even these studies emphasize that pediatric cataracts are a distinct clinical entity from adult-onset cataracts, and further research is needed to optimize the diagnosis and management of cataracts in childhood.

Summary
This is an overview of the recent advancements in the diagnosis of management of pediatric cataracts, with advancements that originate from the adult cataract surgery field in addition to studies that challenge classical surgical techniques to make cataract surgery safer and to promote amblyopia therapy.
Development of a Predictive Model for Individualized Hearing Aid Benefit
Authors: Suresh Krish , Franck Kevin , Arenberg Julie G. , Song Yohan , Lee Daniel J. , Crowson Matthew G. 
Published: November 2022

Objectives
To develop a model to predict individualized hearing aid benefit. To provide interpretations of model predictions on global and individual levels.

Methods
We compiled a data set of patients with hearing loss who trialed hearing aids and completed the Client Oriented Scale of Improvement (COSI) questionnaire, a validated patient-reported outcome measure of hearing aid benefit. Features included demographic, medical, and audiological measures. The outcome was the COSI score for change in listening ability with hearing aids, scaled from 1 to 5. Model development was performed using fivefold cross-validation repeated three times with hyperparameter tuning. Model performance was assessed using the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the COSI scores. Model interpretation was performed using Shapley Additive Explanations.

Results
The data set comprised 1,286 patients across 3,523 listening situations. The best performing model was random forest with an RMSE of 0.80, found to be significantly better than the next best model (eXtreme gradient boosting with RMSE of 0.85, p < 0.01). The most important features in predicting hearing aid benefit were shorter duration of hearing aid use, higher pure-tone average in the better hearing ear, and younger age.

Conclusion
We have developed a predictive model for hearing aid benefit that can also provide individualized explanations of model predictions. Predictive modeling could be a useful tool in assessing a patient's candidacy and predicted benefit from hearing aids.
Association between Gestational Age, Birth Weight, Parental Age at Childbirth, Mode of Delivery, and Infantile Esotropia
Authors: Huang Junting , Zheng Qianwen , Nie Kailai , Wei Hong , Liu Longqian 
Published: November 2022

SIGNIFICANCE
This study investigated the potential perinatal risk factors associated with infantile esotropia in a Chinese population, including advanced parental age at childbirth and mode of delivery. The findings may be significant in developing better intervention strategies for infantile esotropia.

PURPOSE
This study aimed to investigate the associations between gestational age, birth weight, parental age at childbirth, mode of delivery, family history of strabismus, and infantile esotropia in the Chinese population.

METHODS
Ninety-nine patients with infantile esotropia and 117 control subjects were enrolled between March 2018 and March 2021. Detailed questionnaires were administered to parents to collect relevant information. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify possible risk factors of infantile esotropia. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.

RESULTS
Infantile esotropia was associated with low birth weight (<2500 g; OR, 4.235; 95% CI, 1.460 to 12.287; P = .008) and emergency cesarean delivery (OR, 2.230; 95% CI, 1.127 to 4.413; P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that low birth weight and emergency cesarean deliveries are risk factors for infantile esotropia, highlighting a need for collaborative care between obstetricians, pediatricians, and vision care providers.