bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memristor-based fully analog reservoir computing system for power-efficient real-time spatiotemporal signal processing
Authors: Zhong Yanan , Tang Jianshi , Li Xinyi , Liang Xiangpeng , Liu Zhengwu , Li Yijun , Yao Peng , Hao Zhenqi , Gao Bin , Qian He , Wu Huaqiang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Implementing power-efficient reservoir computing hardware systems is of great interest to the field of neuromorphic computing. More and more studies attempt to use analog devices or components, such as memristors and spintronic oscillators, to partially replace fully digital systems to boost the power efficiency. However, a reservoir computing system operating real-time in fully analog fashion has not been demonstrated yet. In this work, a fully analog reservoir computing system was implemented using two types of memristors, where dynamic memristors were used to construct the reservoir while non-volatile memristor arrays were used as the readout layer. The key features, such as threshold and window, extracted from the dynamic memristor-based physical nodes were found to have a significant impact on the system performance. By adjusting the features to the appropriate range, our system can efficiently process spatiotemporal signals in real time with extremely low power consumption, more than three orders of magnitudes lower than digital counterparts. Both temporal task of arrhythm detection and spatiotemporal task of dynamic gesture recognition were demonstrated, where high detection accuracy of 96.6% and recognition accuracy 97.9% were achieved respectively. Our work demonstrates that such memristor-based fully analog reservoir computing system could be attractive for spatial and temporal edge computing with extremely low power and hardware cost.
A comparison between two orthodontic arch wire sequences in terms of speed of alignment and root resorption. A Randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Elhanouty Mutaz Z. , Al-Nimri Kazem S. , Alomari Sawsan A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To compare between two archwire (AW) sequences in terms of alignment speed and root resorption (RR).Materials and Methods: Fifty-four patients (14 males, 40 females) requiring orthodontic treatment were randomly allocated into two groups; in group A treatment started with 0.014 nickel titanium (NiTi) followed by 0.019×0.025NiTi AW while group B the AW sequence was 0.014NiTi, 0.018NiTi, 0.016×0.022“NiTi, 0.019×0.025NiTi. The primary outcome was the alignment speed of crowded upper and lower teeth between two different AW sequences. The secondary outcome was the magnitude of RR of upper and lower incisors which was measured by digital periapical radiographs taken at the start of treatment and at the visit of placement of the working AW. Results: The 54 patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either groups. Seven patients were excluded and complete data were obtained for 47 patients; 24 and 23 patients in group A and group B, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the alignment speed in the lower arch (P>0.05, mean difference=-0.44, 95% CI=-0.9-0.03) and root resorption (P>0.05). Alignment of upper arch was faster in group A (P < 0.0001, mean difference= - 0.9, 95% CI =-1.4 --0.5). Conclusions: There is no significant difference between the two groups in the alignment speed in the lower arch and incisors' RR. Upper arch Alignment was faster in group A.Trial Registration: Not registered.
Product Sustainable Design Information Model for Remanufacturing
Authors: Jiaqi Zhu , Meizhang He 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The increase of waste products on the market will lead to a shortage of resources and the deterioration of the environment. The premise of the realization of remanufacturing engineering is the redundancy of product design life. The method is to give new life to scrapped parts. However, there will be problems with customer demand orientation and fragmentation of parts. Based on this research background, this paper proposes a remanufacturing process-oriented product structure information model, which mathematically models the mapping mechanism of remanufacturing design parameters and features. At the same time, the design goal conflict coordination and transformation under the constraints of the product model are analyzed to simulate the stochastic process generation algorithm. Finally, this paper uses the remanufacturing process of an auto part as a case to verify the algorithm's effectiveness.
Evaluation of two social norms nudge interventions to promote healthier food choices in a Canadian grocery store
Authors: Suleman Selina , Sweeney-Magee Molly , Pinkney Susan , Charbonneau Kimberly , Banh Kelly , Hale Ilona , Amed Shazhan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of two nudge interventions on customers’ produce purchases at a rural Canadian grocery store. A pre- and post-intervention observational study design was used. Sales data were gathered before and after the staggered implementation of two nudge-based interventions to encourage produce purchases: grocery cart dividers to encourage shoppers to fill one-third of their cart with produce and grocery cart plaques with information about how many fruits and vegetables were typically purchased in the store. The proportion of total sales accounted for by produce was compared between baseline and implementation of the first intervention (Phase 1), between implementation of the first intervention and the addition of the second intervention (Phase 2), and between baseline and post-implementation of both interventions together. There was a 5% relative increase (0.5% absolute increase) in produce spending between baseline and post-implementation of both interventions (10.3% to 10.8%, p<0.001, 95% CI 0.2%, 0.7%). Intervention phase-specific produce spending showed no significant change in the percentage of produce spending from baseline to Phase 1 of the intervention, and an 8% relative increase (0.8% absolute increase) in the percentage of produce spending from Phase 1 to Phase 2 of the intervention (10.3% to 11.1%, p<0.001, 95% CI 0.5, 1.1%). Simple, low-cost nudge interventions were effective at increasing the proportion of total grocery spend on produce. This study also demonstrated that partnerships with local businesses can promote healthier food choices in rural communities in Canada.
SC144 - a promising small-molecule gp130-inhibitor of IL-6 and Oncostatin-M signaling for treatment of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Pozios Ioannis , Hering Nina A. , Guenzler Emily , Arndt Marco , Elezkurtaj Sefer , Knösel Thomas , Bruns Christiane J. , Margonis Georgios A. , Kamphues Carsten , Kreis Martin E. , Beyer Katharina , Seeliger Hendrik 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Oncostatin-M (OSM) and the major downstream effector STAT3 are pro-tumorigenic agents in many cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Glycoprotein 130 (gp130) is a compound of the IL-6 and OSM receptor complex that triggers STAT3 signalling. Recently, a novel small molecule gp130 inhibitor named SC144 was discovered with a broad-spectrum anticancer activity. In this study, we examine the in vitro effects of SC144 in PDAC cell lines and the expression of gp130 in human PDAC specimens.Methods: Growth inhibition by SC144 in human PDAC cell lines AsPC-1 and L3.6pl was assessed using BrdU and MTT assays. Western blotting was performed to identify the inhibitory effect of SC144 on IL-6- or OSM-stimulated STAT3 signaling. Tissue microarrays were constructed from 175 human tumor specimens after pancreatic resection for PDAC. The expression of gp130 in tumor epithelium and tumor stroma was determined by immunohistochemistry. The gp130 expression was then correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival analysis was performed.Results: SC144 inhibited cell proliferation and viability in human PDAC cells. Treatment with SC144 suppressed IL-6- and OSM-stimulated STAT3Y705 phosphorylation in PDAC cells. gp130 was expressed in epithelium of 78.8% of the tumor samples and in stroma of 9.4% of the tumors. The median overall survival for patients with no epithelial gp130 expression was 15.9 months, whereas for patients with gp130 expression was 16.7 months (p = 0.830). Patients with no stromal gp130 expression showed a poorer survival than patients with stromal gp130 expression in PDAC (median 16.2 and 22.9 months, respectively), but this difference did not reach significance (p = 0.144).Conclusions: SC144 potently inhibits PDAC progression in vitro through binding and inhibition of gp130 and, thereby, causes abrogation of IL-6 or OSM/gp130/STAT3 signaling. Although gp130 is expressed in the epithel of most human PDAC, stromal expression is rare. These results suggest gp130 as a novel drug target and blocking gp130/STAT3 signaling by SC144 as a potential new therapeutical approach for pancreatic cancer.
A study of clinical characteristics and risk factors of mortality associated with tigecycline
Authors: Wu Shuxie , Wu Gao , Wang Xuebin , Jiang Hong , Wu Hanbin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Tigecycline has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and become more widely used. However, in 2010, the FDA warned that tigecycline was associated with an increased risk of death. The risk factors of tigecycline-associated mortality are still controversial.Purpose: The objective of this study was to explore the related factors of mortality associated with tigecycline in a tertiary university hospital and to establish the risk assessment criteria for tigecycline associated mortality.Methods: In a observational retrospective study, we enrolled 240 patients who had been treated for at least 3 days with tigecycline between January 2020 and December 2020.We compared the clinical characteristics of patients who died after tigecycline therapy (79 in the non-survivor group) with those who survived within 28 days after tigecycline therapy (161 in the survivor group) during the same hospitalization. We used a logistic regression model to find risk factors of tigecycline associated mortality.Results: In total, 240 patients were included in the analysis, 79 patients eventually died after tigecycline treatment. The ages of the non-survivor group and survivor group were 78.3±13.9 and 68.0±11.2 years old (p = 0.022), treatment duration were 11±8.5 and 7±6.6 day (p = 0.017), and the APACHE II score were 14.8±4.0 and 9.5±2.7 (p = 0.025). The serum creatinine (SCr) was significant difference before and after treated with tigecycline only in the non-survivor group and no significant difference in the survivor group. The proportion of the kidney failure events and change in creatinine value were greater in the non-survivor group after treated with tigecycline than in the survivor group (p < 0.001).. In the multivariate analysis, age(p=0.019), ΔCre(p＜0.001) , SCr(p=0.038), APACHE II score (p=0.031) were independently associated with mortality. An age of ≥79 years, ΔCre(μmol/L)≥36, SCr≥112 and APACHE II score≥12.7 were selected as the cutoff points for predicting tigecycline associated mortality. The distribution of non-survivors at different ranges of creatinine change showed higher percentages of mortality in patients with high ΔCre after tigecycline treatment.Conclusions: This study identifies the risk factors for tigecycline associated mortality, and draws attention to the fact that there is an increased mortality risk in patients treated with tigecycline . The risk assessment criteria can be helpful to identify patients with high risk of tigecycline associated mortality.
Theoretical study of impedance to consider the effects of electrode area
Authors: Sung Heehun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography is one of the most popular methods to investigate subsurface resistivity and structure; however, it does not take into account the effect of the electrode area because it is based on methods for measuring the resistance of large-scale objects like the Earth. The purpose of the present study is to propose a new theoretical electrical impedance equation to obtain reliable electrical resistance measurements in tests of human-scale objects. The finite element method is applied to investigate how the impedance of a model to which electrodes are to be attached changes depending on the area of the electrodes. Both the electrodes and the model are constructed and calculated through COMSOL. The electrical impedance is simulated according to the area of the electrode, the length of the model, the conductivity, and the frequency of the electric field. On the basis of the simulation results according to the geometric structure of electrodes and the model, a new electric impedance equation for the electrode area is formulated. Unless the shape of the model is a circular plate or a long column, the results fit well with the theoretical calculations. Also, if the model height is similar to the model length, the theoretical impedance can only be defined as an arctangent function. This equation is important for analyzing the effect of the electrode area and is effective for estimating the resistance of human-scale models.
Fully Automated Deep Learning Method for Fibroglandular Tissue Segmentation in Breast MRI
Authors: Hu Siping , Park Christine , Lew Christopher Orion , Grimm Lars J. , Baker Jay A. , Taylor-Cho Michael W. , Mazurowski Maciej A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that the relative amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) with respect to fatty tissue on breast MRI is a risk factor for breast cancer. The amount of FGT is typically assessed qualitatively by a radiologist or by semi-quantitative tools, but both methods suffer from inter-reader variability and are imprecise. The additional challenge is a lack of publicly available data for development and comparison of quantitative tools. The objective of this study was: (i) to develop fully automated segmentation methods for breast and FGT based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and (ii) to publicly share annotation masks and radiologists scores for the utilized images. 127 fat-saturated gradient echo T1-weighted pre-contrast MRI studies were used for model development and evaluation. The models were evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Additionally, we implemented and evaluated an algorithm for breast density assessment which utilized our segmentation models. In the test dataset, the DSC was 0.879 for the breast and 0.730 for the FGT. The correlation between median radiologist breast density assessment and FGT percentage assessed by our model was r=0.83 (p<0.01). Overall, the model demonstrated high accuracy compared to gold standard radiologist assessment. The data and the model were made publicly available.
Economic Ramifications of Chronic Diseases' Burden in Egypt
Authors: Ibrahim Sarah Assem , Saleh Mohamed 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aim:\\ Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are fast replacing contagious diseases accounting for the highest death rates worldwide with a considerable economic impact. The study investigates the four major non-communicable diseases burden on the economic output passing through the demographic variables in Egypt.\\Subjects and Methods:\\This study uses international and national data sources. VARX-L model and VARX-ENET model are applied to detect the granger causalities, estimating variables' response to the predictor shocks, and eventually forecasting the main endogenous variables. \\Results:\\This study results yield that the highest negative impact on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is due to cardiovascular diseases. However, the disease's burden is lessened by the health budget increase. The cardiovascular diseases and diabetes burden impact the labour supply negatively. The crude birth rate negatively affects savings. Furthermore, human capital has a noticeable positive effect on the GDP.\\ Conclusion:\\We propose policies to alleviate the economic burden of chronic diseases, suggesting a rise in the health budget, family planning policies, lowering the inflation and the exchange rate.
Adult smokers’ complete switching away from cigarettes at 6, 9, and 12 months after initially purchasing a JUUL e-cigarette
Authors: Kim Sooyong , Shiffman Saul , Goldenson Nicholas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have the potential to benefit public health if smokers completely switch from cigarettes to ENDS.Methods: A cohort of adult smokers (age≥21) who purchased a JUUL Starter Kit was followed for 12 months after the initial purchase. We examined factors associated with achievement and maintenance of self-reported repeated point-prevalence switching (RPPS) at three follow-ups, i.e., no past-30-day smoking at months 6, 9, and 12.Results: RPPS was reported by 21.6% of the 12,537 evaluable smokers. Smokers with lighter baseline smoking history and lower baseline cigarette dependence were more likely to report RPPS. RPPS was also associated with patterns of and responses to JUUL use: Daily use of JUUL at month 3 (OR=2.25; 95% CI=1.96–2.60) and month 6 (OR=1.81; 95% CI=1.48–2.22) was associated with higher rates of RPPS, and as were greater subjective reinforcing effects from JUUL use (assessed by the mCEQ, month-3: OR=1.70, 95% CI=1.57–1.83; month-6: OR=1.15; 95% CI=1.06–1.25). Even among smokers who did not meet the criteria of RPPS (i.e., who smoked at least once), 35.5% reported past 30-day point-prevalence switching on at least one follow-up, and their cigarette consumption was substantially reduced compared to baseline. Conclusions: Approximately one-fifth of adult smokers reported 30-day point-prevalence abstinence at 6, 9, and 12 months after purchasing JUUL. Greater use of JUUL and stronger subjective reinforcing effects were associated with non-smoking, validating the potential for ENDS to substitute for smoking, with potential for positive impacts on individual and population health.
The autism-associated gene SYNGAP1 regulates human cortical neurogenesis
Authors: Quadrato Giorgia , Birtele Marcella , Dosso Ashley Del , Xu Tiantian , Nguyen Tuan , Wilkinson Brent , Urenda Jean-Paul , Knight Gavin , Moore Roger , Sharma Ritin , Pirrotte Patrick , Ashton Randolph , Huang Eric , Coba Marcelo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder linked with rare, inherited and de novo mutations occurring in two main functional gene categories: gene expression regulation and synaptic function1. Accumulating evidence points to dysregulation in cortical neurogenesis as a convergent mechanism in ASD pathophysiology. While asynchronous development has been identified as a shared feature among ASD-risk genes in the category of gene expression regulation, it remains unknown whether this phenotype is also associated with ASD-risk genes in the synaptic function category. Here we show for the first time the expression of the synaptic Ras GTP-ase activating protein 1 (SYNGAP1), one of the top ASD risk genes, in human cortical progenitors (hCPs). Interestingly, we found that multiple components of the postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory synapses, of which SYNGAP1 is one of the most abundant components, are enriched in the proteome of hCPs. Specifically, we discover that SYNGAP1 is expressed within the apical domain of human radial glia cells (hRGCs) where it lines the wall of the developing cortical ventricular zone colocalizing with the tight junction-associated protein and MAGUK family member TJP1. In a cortical organoid model of SYNGAP1 haploinsufficiency, we show dysregulated cytoskeletal dynamics that impair the scaffolding and division plane of hRGCs, resulting in disrupted lamination of the cortical plate and accelerated maturation of cortical projection neurons. Overall, the dual function of SYNGAP1 in neuronal synapses and progenitor cells reframes our understanding of the pathophysiology of SYNGAP1-related disorders and, more broadly, underscores the importance of dissecting the role of synaptic genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in distinct cell types across developmental stages.
Nacre-mimetic cerium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan layered composite scaffolds regulate bone regeneration via OPG/RANKL signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Xiao-Liang , Zhang Chuan-Jian , Shi Jing-Jing , Ke Qin-Fei , Ge Yu-Wei , Zhu Zhen-An , Guo Ya-Ping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: There has been a major burden in diseases associated with critical bone defects. Despite many techniques for defect management has come into use, the common treatment remains controversial. Mollusk nacre is a natural structure with outstanding mechanical property due to its notable “brick-and-mortar” architecture. Combining inorganic brick with organic mortar, natural nacre displays remarkable tensile strength and fracture toughness. Rare elements have exhibited extraordinary promotive capacities in various aspects of physiological process. Cerium ions have been reported with prospective capacities in promoting bone regeneration in many studies. Herein, inspired by the nacre architecture, our team designed and fabricated a nacre-mimetic cerium-doped layered nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan layered composite scaffold (CeHA/CS). The scaffold displayed a distinct layered HA/CS composite structure with intervals ranging from 50 to 200 μm, which provided compatible environments for the adhesion and proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), allowed the in situ growth of newly formed bone tissues. In vitro, The CeHA/CS layered composite scaffolds noticeably promoted the osteogenic process through the upregulated expressions of osteogenesis-related genes like RUNX2, and COL1 by the BMP-2/P-Smad1/5 signal pathway. And simultaneously, the layered scaffolds inhibited osteoclast differentiation evidenced by the reduced TRAP positive osteoclasts and lowered bone resorption. In vivo, calvarial defected rats revealed that the layered CeHA/CS scaffolds remarkably accelerated bone regeneration at the defect site and immunofluorescence suggested the layered CeHA/CS scaffolds lowered RANKL/OPG ratio. Our results showed that CeHA/CS scaffolds may become a promising platform for bone regeneration in critical defect management by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclast activation.