bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive and Psychiatric Relevance of
Dynamic Functional Connectivity States in Children
Authors: Fu Zening , Sui Jing , Iraji Armin , Liu Jingyu , Calhoun Vince 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Children’s brains dynamically adapt to the stimuli from the internal state and the external environment, allowing for changes in the cognitive and mental behavior of individuals. In this work, we performed a large-scale analysis of dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) in children aged 9~11 years, investigating how brain dynamics relate to cognitive performance and mental health during an early age. An adaptive independent component analysis framework was applied to the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) data containing 10,988 children. We combined a sliding-window approach with k-means clustering to identify five reoccurring brain states with distinct DFC patterns. Interestingly, the occurrence of a strongly connected state was negatively correlated with cognitive performance and positively correlated with dimensional psychopathology in children. Meanwhile, the opposite relationships were observed for a sparsely connected state. The composite scores, the attention score, and the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder score were the most significantly correlated with the DFC states. The cognitive and psychiatric relevance of DFC states were highly reproducible across scans and between longitudinal sessions. Finally, the mediation analysis showed that the attention problems mediate the effect of DFC states on cognitive performance. This investigation unveils the neurological underpinnings of DFC by highlighting their robust associations with behavioral development in childhood. Tracking the patterns of maturation in DFC states may capture delays in development and guide people to provide early intervention to buffer adverse influences in children’s development.
Future Warming from Global Food Consumption
Authors: Ivanovich Catherine , Sun Tianyi , Gordon Doria , Ocko Ilissa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Food consumption is a major source of greenhouse gases emissions, and evaluating its future warming impact is crucial for guiding climate mitigation action. However, the lack of granularity in reporting greenhouse gas emissions from food items and widespread use of oversimplified metrics such as CO2-equivalence has made this difficult. We resolve these challenges by developing a global food consumption greenhouse gas emissions inventory of individual gas species and employing a reduced-complexity climate model, evaluating the future warming contribution from global food consumption and potential benefits from certain mitigation measures. We find that global food consumption alone could add nearly 1°C to warming by 2100. Sixty percent of this warming is driven by methane emissions mainly from the consumption of animal products. However, over 55% of anticipated warming can be avoided from simultaneous improvements to production practices, the universal adoption of a “healthy” diet, and widespread food waste reductions.
Plasmodium malariae structure and genetic diversity in sub-Saharan Africa determined from microsatellite variants and linked SNPs in orthologues of antimalarial resistance genes
Authors: Oriero Eniyou C. , Demba Martha A. , Diop Fadel A. , Ishengoma Deus S. , Amenga-Etego Lucas N. , Ghansah Anita , Apinjoh Tobias , Issiaka Soulama , Djimde Abdoulaye , D’Alessandro Umberto , Meremikwu Martin , Amambua-Ngwa Alfred 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plasmodium malariae, a neglected human malaria parasite, contributes up to 10% of malaria infections in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). Though P. malariae infection is considered clinically benign, it presents mostly as coinfections with the dominant P. falciparum. Completion of its reference genome has paved the way to further understand its biology and interactions with the human host, including responses to antimalarial interventions. We characterized 75 P. malariae isolates from seven endemic countries in sSA using highly divergent microsatellites. The P. malariae infections were highly diverse and five subpopulations from three ancestries (independent of origin of isolates) were determined. Sequences of 11 orthologous antimalarial resistance genes, identified 20 low frequency single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but strong linkage disequilibrium between these SNPs was observed, possibly due to antimalarial drug selection. This evidence of diversity and selection calls for including P. malariae in malaria genomic surveillance towards improved tools and strategies for malaria elimination.
Evidence-based Guidance on Reflective Pavement for Urban Heat Mitigation: A Case Study in Phoenix, Arizona
Authors: Schneider Florian , Ortiz Johny Cordova , Vanos Jennifer , Sailor David , Middel Ariane 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Urban overheating is an increasing threat to people, infrastructure, and the environment. Common mitigation strategies, such as green infrastructure, face space limitations in current car-centric cities. In 2020, the City of Phoenix, Arizona, piloted a “cool pavement” program using a solar reflective pavement (RP) seal on 58 km of residential streets. Comprehensive micrometeorological observations were used to evaluate the cooling potential of the RP based on three heat exposure metrics––surface, air, and mean radiant temperatures––across three residential RP-treated and untreated neighborhoods. In addition, the solar reflectivity of RP was observed over seven months across eight residential neighborhoods. Results are synthesized with the literature to provide context-based RP implementation guidelines to mitigate urban overheating where common strategies cannot be applied. The three most important contextual factors to consider for effective RP implementation include urban location, background climate type, and heat metric of interest.
Changes in Oxygen Delivery during experimental models of Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Jani Vinay P. , Williams Alexander T. , Carvalho Leonardo , Cabrales Pedro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe manifestation of malaria that commonly occurs in children and is hallmarked by neurologic symptoms and significant Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia. It is currently hypothesized that cerebral hypoperfusion from impaired microvascular oxygen transport secondary to parasitic occlusion of the microvasculature is responsible for cerebral ischemia and thus disease severity. Animal models to study CM, are known as experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), and include the C57BL/6J infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA), which is ECM-susceptible, and BALB/c infected with PbA, which is ECM-resistant. Here we sought to investigate whether changes in oxygen (O2) delivery, O2 flux, and O2 utilization are altered in both these models of ECM using phosphorescence quenching microscopy (PQM) and direct measurement of microvascular hemodynamics using the cranial window preparation. Animal groups used for investigation consisted of ECM-susceptible C57BL/6 (Infected, n = 14) and ECM-resistant BALB/c (Infected, n = 9) mice. Uninfected C57BL/6 (n = 6) and BALB/c (n = 6) mice were included as uninfected controls. Control animals were manipulated in the exact same way as the infected mice (except for the infection itself). C57BL/6 ECM animals at day 6 of infection were divided into two cohorts: Early-stage ECM, presenting mild to moderate drops in body temperature (> 34 < 36°C) and Late-stage ECM, showing marked drops in body temperature (< 33°C). Data were analyzed using a general linear mixed model. We constructed three general linear mixed models, one for total O2 content, another for total O2 delivery, and the third for total O2 content as a function of convective flow. We found that in both the ECM-susceptible C57BL/6J model and ECM-resistant BALB/c model of CM, convective and diffusive O2 flux along with pial hemodynamics are impaired. We further show that concomitant changes in p50 (oxygen partial pressure for 50% hemoglobin saturation), only 5 mmHg in the case of late-stage CM C57BL/6J mice, and O2 diffusion result in insufficient O2 transport by the pial microcirculation, and that both these changes are required for late-stage disease. In summary, we found impaired O2 transport and O2 affinity in late-stage ECM, but only the former in either early-stage ECM and ECM-resistant strains.
What factors influence the cost in treating maxillofacial fractures among pediatric patients?
Authors: Stanbouly Dani , Deek Andrew J. , Asi Abdalla M. , Minhas Ahmad , Graillon Nicolas , Panchal Neeraj , Chuang Sung-Kiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of the following study was to determine what factors, if any, are associated with increased hospitalization charges amongst pediatric patients who sustain maxillofacial fractures.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID). The primary predictor variables were a set of heterogenous variables that included patient characteristics, injury characteristics, and hospitalization outcomes. The primary outcome variable was total charges (US dollars). Linear regression was used to determine independent risk factors for increased/decreased hospital charges.
Results
The final sample consisted of 50,434 pediatric patients who suffered at least one facial fracture. The mean age of the study sample was 9.72 years (SD, 6.84 years). Relative to Black patients, Hispanic patients added $12,812 (P < 0.05) in hospital charges. Relative to fall, motorcycle accident (P < 0.05), car accident (P < 0.05), and firearm assault (P < 0.05) were each independently associated with increased hospital charges. Mandible fractures (P < 0.05) added $12,208 in hospital whereas malar & maxillary fractures (P < 0.05) added $8,564 in hospital charges. Most notably, panfacial fractures (P < 0.05) added $32,364 in hospital charges. Other fractures of the body were each independently associated with increased hospital charges. Several internal organ injuries were each independently associated with increased hospital charges
Conclusion
There is an opportunity for cost reduction in the management of pediatric maxillofacial trauma. This includes promptness in definitive repair and easy access to interpreters for non-English speaking patients. Cost-efficient approaches to patient care should be recognized and utilized to the patient and family benefit whenever possible.
A Novel Method to Calculate Compliance and Airway Resistance in Ventilated Patients
Authors: Gutierrez Guillermo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background. The respiratory system’s static compliance (Crs) and airway resistance (Rrs) are measured during a no-flow, end-inspiratory hold on volume-controlled ventilation (static method). A numerical method is presented to calculate Crs and Rrs in the presence of airflow and other ventilatory modes (dynamic method).Methods. The dynamic method combines a numerical solution of the equation of motion with frequency analysis of airway signals. The method was validated experimentally with a one-liter test lung and clinically using airway signals sampled at 32.25 hertz and stored as 131.1 seconds-long epochs in a database. 15 patients in the database had epochs on VC ventilation with breaths displaying end-inspiratory holds. Paired Crs and Rrs were calculated for all breaths within those epochs by both methods and their mean values compared in aggregate form and individually with Pearson’s R2 and Bland-Altman analysis.Results. Experimental method differences were 0.3[0.2,0.4] cmH2O·mL-1 for Crs and 0[-0.2,0.2] cmH2O·s· L-1 for Rrs. Clinical testing included 78,371 breaths found in 3,171 epochs meeting criteria. For aggregate data, Pearson’s R2 were 0.99 and 0.94 for Crs and Rrs, respectively. Bias ± 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were 0.2 ± 1.6 cmH2O·mL-1 for Crs and - 0.2 ± 1.5 cmH2O·s· L-1 for Rrs. Bias ± LOA median values for individual patients were 0.6[-0.2, 1.4] ± 0.9[0.8, 1.2] cmH2O·mL-1 for Crs and -0.1[-0.3, 0.2] ± 0.8[0.5, 1.2] cmH2O·s· L-1 for Rrs. Conclusions. Experimental and clinical testing produced equivalent values for Crs and Rrs by the dynamic and static methods under the conditions tested.
Spindles and Slow Waves Predict Parkinson’s Disease-Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Amara Amy , Memon Adeel , Catiul Corina , Irwin Zachary , Pilkington Jennifer , Memon Raima , Joop Allen , Wood Kimberly , Cutter Gary , Miocinovic Svjetlana 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Markers predictive of Parkinson’s disease (PD)-mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) have potential to serve as outcomes in trials investigating disease-modifying therapies. This prospective, longitudinal study examined relationships between NREM quantitative sleep electroencephalography (qEEG) and cognition in 56 participants with PD. Sleep qEEG outcomes included slow wave (SW) density, spindle density, and SW-spindle coupling, evaluated cross-sectionally and as longitudinal predictors of PD-MCI in a subset of 26 participants. At baseline, SW density, spindle density, and SW-spindle coupling were correlated with cognition. Baseline SW and spindle density predicted longitudinal development of PD-MCI. The model with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity for predicting longitudinal development of PD-MCI included spindle density, SW density, comprehensive cognitive score, and levodopa equivalent dose. These findings suggest that sleep qEEG features can identify individuals at risk for PD-MCI. Thus, spindles and SW have potential to serve as markers to optimize clinical trial populations and tailor clinical care.
Genetic characteristics of hydrothermal sedimentary siliceous dolomitic micrite mounds in the Dalong Formation of the northern Longmenshan Fault 1
Authors: Liu Ping , Xu Wenli , Zhou Gang , Zhu Hua , Yan Xue , Zheng Rongcai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The origins of deep-water micrite mounds remain controversial. The present study investigates siliceous dolomitic micrite mounds produced as interlayers in a large set of siliceous rocks in the Upper Permian Dalong Formation on the west side of the northern member of the Longmenshan Fault, China. Their geological occurrence, rock structure, material composition, sedimentary facies, trace elements, stable isotopes (carbon, oxygen, strontium) and rare earth elements are comprehensively analysed. It is proposed that micrite mounds are the composite sedimentary product of submarine hydrothermal exhalation-sedimentation and biological activity. The discovery and significance of the Dalong Formation siliceous dolomitic micrite mounds (DSDMMs) can be summarized as follows: 1) This is a new type of micrite mound, thereby increasing knowledge of the origins of such mounds. 2) The origin of these mounds is dominated by submarine hydrothermal exhalation-sedimentation, supplemented by biological activity. 3) Primary dolomite is deposited by hot water from a submarine (or lake bottom) exhalation-sedimentation system. 4) In submarine hydrothermal systems, the prosperity of hydrothermal biological communities and the high-speed burial of their organic carbon are important issues worthy of further study.
Characterization of the Dynamic Stretching Stages of Polymeric Fibers using Dispersion Measurements
Authors: Raslan M. I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this article, we intend to characterize the dynamics of the molecular chains at different stages of stretching polymeric monofilament fibers. The stages characterized in this work are; undrawn, shear-bands, necking, drawn, crazes, cracks and fracture regions. We used the lookup table technique to calculate the dispersion curves of the stretched polymeric fibers at different deformed stages from one interferogram. This technique is suitable for dynamic stretching experiment of fibers. Digital photoelasticity and white-light two-beam interferometry are utilized to study each phenomenon by finding the dispersion curves and the 3D birefringence profiles using a single-shot pattern, which is performed for the first time, as far as we know. This study gives us clear vision on the behavior of the polymeric fibers at a molecular level during dynamic stretching until reaching its fracture point. Patterns of each deformation stage are given for illustration.
Homogeneity and heterogeneity in Near-Infrared FTIR spectra of Ryugu returned samples
Authors: Hatakeda Kentaro , Yada Toru , Abe Masanao , Okada Tatsuaki , Nakato Aiko , Yogata Kasumi , Miyazaki Akiko , Nishimura Masahiro , Hitomi Yuya , Soejima Hiromichi , Yoshitake Miwa , Iwamae Ayako , Furuya Shizuho , Usui Tomohiro , Kitazato Kohei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Surface and subsurface materials of C-type near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu were collected and successfully returned to the Earth in the Hayabusa2 mission. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has been conducted to characterize these returned samples as one of the initial description in a non-destructive manner under a purified nitrogen condition without terrestrial contamination. We selected the individual grains and aggregate samples that were not severely influenced by the reflection of incident beam at the sapphire dish and analyzed their reflectance spectra using the primary component analysis (PCA). The result indicates that Ryugu returned samples are highly homogeneous with only a little heterogeneity. The average spectrum of the main PCA group is represented by four absorption bands at 2.7, 3.05, 3.4, and 3.95 µm. The spectral feature is consistent with that obtained from bulk FTIR measurements as reported in Yada et al. (2022), indicating potential presence of hydroxyl, organics and carbonates. Rarely observed types of grains with unique spectra are categorized into three groups: significantly high reflectance, carbonates, and hydroxyl compounds.
Mapping Hsp104 structure and substrate interactions using crosslinking mass spectrometry
Authors: Westphal Kinga , Joachimiak Lukasz A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Molecular machines from the AAA+ family play important roles in protein folding, disaggregation and DNA processing. Recent cryo-EM structures of AAA+ molecular machines have uncovered nuanced changes in conformation that underlie their specialized functions. Furthermore, complexes between these machines and substrates begin to explain their mechanism of activity. Here we explore how crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) can be used to interpret changes in conformation induced by ATP and how substrates are associated. We applied a panel of crosslinking reagents to produce high-resolution crosslinking maps and interpret our data on previously determined X-ray and cryo-EM structures of Hsp104 from a thermophilic yeast, Calcarisporiella thermophila. We developed an analysis pipeline to differentiate between intra-subunit and inter-subunit contacts within the hexameric homo-oligomer. We identify crosslinks that break the asymmetry that are only present when ATP is bound and are absent in an ATP-binding deficient mutant. Finally, we identify contacts between Hsp104 and a model substrate to identify contacts on the central channel of Hsp104 across the length of the substrate indicating that we have trapped interactions consistent with translocation of the substrate. Our simple and robust XL-MS-based experiments and methods help interpret how these molecular machines change conformation and bind to substrates even in the context of homo-oligomeric assemblies.
In-Silico Study of Asymmetric Remodeling of Tumors in Response to External Biochemical Stimuli
Authors: Amereh Meitham , Akbari Mohsen , Nadler Ben 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Among different hallmarks of cancer, understanding biomechanics of tumor growth and remodeling benefits the most from the theoretical framework of continuum mechanics. Tumor remodeling initiates when cancer cells seek new homeostasis in response to the microenvironmental stimuli. Cells within a growing tumor are capable to remodel their inter- and intraconnections and become more mobile to achieve a new homeostasis. This mobility enables the tumor to undergo large deformation. In this work, we studied the remodeling in the context of continuum mechanics. We developed an evolution law for the remodeling-associated deformation which correlates the remodeling to a characteristic tensor of external stimuli. The asymmetric remodeling and the induced mechanical stresses were analyzed for different types of biochemical distributions. To experimentally investigate the model, we studied the remodeling of human glioblastoma (hGB) tumoroids in response to the gradient of nutrients. Using a tumoroid-on-a-chip platform, the degree of remodeling was estimated for the ellipsoidal tumoroids over time. It was observed that higher gradient of nutrients induces higher degree of ellipticity suggesting that the gradient of nutrient is a characteristic property of nutrient distribution that derives the remodeling. We also showed that remodeling gives rise to heterogeneity in cell distribution forming circumstantially aligned cells within the tumors.
Perceptions on the content and delivery of a work-focused intervention for women living with and beyond breast cancer: a qualitative-descriptive design
Authors: Algeo Naomi , Bennett Kathleen , Connolly Deirdre 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Increased survivorship has prompted a focus on re-integration into employment. Research therefore recommends the development and evaluation of interventions to support women with breast cancer in returning to work. Despite this, there remain few rehabilitation interventions to support this cohort in maintaining or returning to their work role. The aim of this study was to explore preferences for the content and delivery of a work-focused intervention for women living with and beyond breast cancer.Methods: Women living with and beyond breast cancer, healthcare professionals, and employers were invited to participate in a qualitative-descriptive study, using once-off semi-structured interviews, exploring preferences for content and delivery of a work-focused intervention. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Thirty-nine participants were recruited. Women living with and beyond breast cancer had varied opinions on whether the intervention should be group- or individual-based. This contrasts with healthcare professionals who preferred group-based interventions for pragmatic reasons. While there were mixed views on session length, most participants identified four-to-six weeks intervention duration. Participants discussed challenges in return-to-work including the impact of ongoing side-effects, employer-employee communication, and reduced awareness of employment entitlements and rights.Conclusion: A range of barriers and enablers in return-to-work post-breast cancer were highlighted and could inform the content of a work-focused intervention. Variations in viewpoints on intervention delivery underlines a no one-size-fits all approach in return-to-work support. Further research on the development of a work-focused intervention is warranted.