bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earliest evidence for surgical amputation
Authors: Maloney Tim , Dilkes-Hall India , Vlok Melandri , Oktaviana Adhi , Setiawan Pindi , Priyatno Andika , Ririmasse Marlon , Geria I. Made , Effendy Muslimin , Istiawan Budi , Atmoko Falentinus , Adhityatama Shinatria , Moffat Ian , Joannes-Boyau Renaud , Brumm Adam , Aubert Maxime 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The prevailing view regarding the evolution of medicine is that the emergence of agricultural societies around 10,000 years ago (the ‘Neolithic Revolution’) gave rise to a host of health problems that were previously unknown among non-sedentary foraging populations, stimulating the first major innovations in prehistoric medico-socio-cultural practices1,2. Such changes included the development of more advanced surgical procedures, with the oldest known indication of an ‘operation’ formerly held to consist of a farmer with a surgically amputated arm from a Neolithic site in France, dating to around 7,000 years ago3. This accepted case of amputation would have required comprehensive knowledge of human anatomy and considerable technical skill and has thus been viewed as the earliest evidence in world history for a complex medical act3. Here, however, we report the discovery of skeletal remains from Borneo of a young individual who had their lower left leg surgically amputated, probably as a child, at least 31,000 years ago. The individual survived the surgical procedure, living for at least another six to nine years before intentional burial within Liang Tebo cave—located in East Kalimantan, in a limestone karst area that hosts some of the world’s earliest dated rock art4. This unexpectedly early evidence for successful limb amputation implies that modern human foraging groups had developed sophisticated medical knowledge and skills long before the Neolithic farming transition.
Influence of doping novel perimidine ruthenium complexes on structural, optic, and residual stress properties of ZnO thin films
Authors: Acikgoz Abuzer , Demircan Gokhan , Yalcin Serife , Aytar Emine , Balak Mehmet Vehbi , Aktas Bulent 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Novel perimidine ruthenium complexes ([Ru(L1-2)(p-cymene)Cl]Cl) were synthesized and these synthesized Ruthenium (Ru) complexes were added to ZnO at content of 2, 4, 6 wt.% to fabricate Ru-doped ZnO thin films by the sol-gel spin-coating method. These films were characterized using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. All of the films possessed a hexagonal wurtzite structure, according to XRD data. The observed stress was compressive, except for the A4 sample, and ranged from 0.21 GPa to 2.117 GPa as the ruthenium content increased from 0–6%. Residual stress values of Ru-doped ZnO thin films showed a lower value than pure ZnO film. It was obtained that the crystalline quality tended to improve as well as lower residual stress with increasing Ru amount. In the visible range, all the films exhibited approximately transmittance greater than 70%. Further, the optical bandgap was 3.20 eV for pure ZnO and all Ru-doped films' bandgap had between 2.76 and 3.18 eV. This research shows that new high conjugated structures are promising as dopant materials for the ZnO thin film, and good crystalline and optical properties could be obtained from the Ru doped ZnO films prepared by sol-gel for nano-optoelectronic devices.
Molecular characterization of a putative alphapartitivirus from Impatiens balsamina L.
Authors: Zheng Yun , Zhang Daoshun , Wang Haoran , Wei Yan , An Hongliu , Gou Jianyu , Fang Shouguo , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Songbai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Two double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that likely represent the genome of an alphapartitivirus tentatively named impatiens cryptic virus 1 (ICV1) were recovered from a symptomless Impatiens balsamina L.. DsRNA1 (2008 bp) codes for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of ICV1, which shares <83% amino acid sequence identities with the RdRp of other alphapartitiviruses. DsRNA2(1906 bp) codes for the capsid protein (CP) of ICV1, which shares <60% amino acid sequence identities with the CP of other alphapartitiviruses. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that ICV1 is closely related to plant alphapartitiviruses including vicia cryptic virus, beet cryptic virus 1, carrot cryptic virus and white clover cryptic virus 1. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for dsRNA1 or dsRNA2 showed that ICV1 is common in I. balsamina from a wide range of places of China.
Brain white matter hyperintensities in Kawasaki disease: a case-control study
Authors: Laukka Dan , Parkkola Riitta , Hirvonen Jussi , Ylikotila Pauli , Vahlberg Tero , Salo Eeva , Kivelev Juri , Rinne Jaakko , Rahi Melissa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cerebrobascular involvement of Kawasaki disease (KD) is poorly studied. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) indicate cerebral small vessel disease and increases risk for stroke. We investigated if childhood KD is associated with WMHs later in adulthood. In this case-control study, patients diagnosed with KD (cases) at our tertiary hospital between 1978 and 1995 were invited to brain magnetic resonance (MRI) between 2016 and 2017. Migraine patients (controls) with available brain MRI were matched with cases (ratio 4:1) by age (±2 years) and sex. Two blinded neuroradiologists evaluated independently the brain MRI scans. Modified Scheltens’ visual rating scale was used to evaluate WMH burden. Mean age (years, [SD]) at the time of brain MRI was 33.3 [3.8] and 32.8 [4.0] for cases (n=40) and controls (n=160), respectively (P=.53). Mean follow-up time for cases was 29.5 years [4.3]. Cases had higher total WMH burden (P=.003), deep WMH burden (P=.003), and more periventricular WMHs (prevalence 7.5% vs. 0%, P=.008) than controls. Myocarditis at the acute phase of KD increased risk for periventricular WMHs (P<.05). None of the cases had symptomatic ischemic stroke. History of KD could be associated with increased WMH burden. More studies are needed to confirm our results.
Cellular prion protein offers neuroprotection in astrocytes under oxidative stress
Authors: Cerchiaro Giselle , Marques Caroline M. S. , Gomes Rafael N. , Pedron Tatiana , Batista Bruno L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC), in its native conformation, performs numerous cellular and cognitive functions in brain tissue. However, despite the cellular prion research in recent years, there are still doubts about its activities and how its molecular interface occurs in oxidative and neurodegenerative processes. Also, its metal-protein interaction is not apparent. This study aims to elucidate the participation of PrPC in the neuroprotection cascade in the presence of oxidative stressors. For that, astrocytes from wild-type mice and knockout to PrPC were subjected to the induction of oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and with the toxic oligomer of the beta-amyloid protein (Aβo). We observed that the presence of PrPC showed resistance in the cell viability of astrocytes. It was also possible to monitor changes in basic levels of metals and associate them with an induced damage condition, indicating the precise role of PrPC in metal homeostasis, where the absence of PrPC leads to metallic unbalance culminating in cellular vulnerability to oxidative stress. Activation of specific proteins at different levels was also observed, such as caspase 3, Tau, p-Tau, p53, and Bcl2, which may establish a relationship between a PrPC and an induced damage condition. Complementarily, it has been shown that PrPC prevents the internalization of AβO and/or promotes its degradation under oxidative stress induction and thus prevents protein aggregation in astrocytes. It was also observed that the PrPC is responsible for translocating SOD1 to cell nuclei under conditions of oxidative stress, probably controlling DNA damage. The results obtained in this study proved that PrPC acts against oxidative stress, activating the cellular response and defense by displaying neuroprotection to neurons and ensuring the functionality of astrocytes.
Shell Powder as Source of Calcium in the Development of Gelidium Floridanum (Rhodophyta, Gelidiales) Tetraspores and Explants
Authors: Bruzinga Camila Pereira , Simioni Carmen , Hayashi Leila 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This work aimed to improve the techniques for cultivating the species Gelidium floridanum, testing different sources of calcium. Tetraspores and explants were grown in the laboratory for 20 days with seawater enriched with 50% von Stosch solution and oyster or mussel shell powder (252 mg L− 1 and 336 mg L− 1), or calcium chloride (147 mg L− 1 and 295 mg L− 1). Tetraspores or explants cultivated with no calcium salts or shell powder were used as control. Tetraspores germination rate and morphology, and germlings morphology, average length, and growth rate were evaluated. Besides, the morphology, upright axes formation, and growth rate of explants were also evaluated. There was no difference in tetraspore germination among treatments and control. Treatments with shell powder impaired the tetraspores' viability, indicated by a greenish color, cellular disorganization, and delay in germ tube development. Germlings cultivated with CaCl2 show better initial development but with no improvement to control. Concerning explants, those cultivated with mussel shell powder showed the highest growth rate (3.92 and 4.28% day− 1, according to concentration) in relation to other treatments. In particular, those cultivated in 252 mg L− 1 showed a significant formation of upright axes (10.15 ± 0.85 upright axes) compared to the control (5.18 ± 0.42 upright axes). Based on the results, we recommend using mussel shell powder at a concentration of 252 mg L− 1 to optimize explant cultivation.
AMPD2 as a novel regulator of ferroptosis
Authors: Chen Haowen , Chi Xinming , Jin Honglin , Zhang Yufei , Zhang Zheming , Zhang Liyuan , Shao Shujuan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered programmed cell death, but its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. AMPD2 is a protein, which related to oxygen metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we aimed to clarify whether AMPD2 is a regulatory factor of ferroptosis, which may provide a new theoretical basis for inducing ferroptosis to treat tumors.
Methods
we constructed AMPD2 overexpression and knockdown cells lines using lentivirus packaging technique. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of AMPD2 in cancerous tissue and adjacent normal tissue. DCFH-DA probe was used to detect the changes of reactive oxygen species(ROS). MDA assay was used to detect the changes of lipid peroxidation. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability. Correlations of AMPD2 with Ferroptosis-related signaling pathways were analyzed using GEPIA. Western blot assay was used to detect changes in Ferroptosis-related molecular markers and signaling pathway.
Results
AMPD2 is higher expressed in NSCLC patient’s tissues. The Overexpression of AMPD2 significantly reduces intracellular ROS and MDA in NSCLC cells, inhibits ferroptosis induced by RSL3 (ferroptosis activator), enhances the expression of p38, p-p38 and GPX4, whereas knockdown of AMPD2 reverse the results. Moreover, treatment with AMP will increase ferroptosis sensitivity medicated by AMPD2.
Conclusions
AMPD2 regulates cellular ferroptosis by modulating the level of AMP affecting the p38 pathway and GPX4.
WITHDRAWN: Reduced tumor volume and increased necrosis of human breast tumor xenograft in mice pretreated by a cocktail of three specific anti-HER2 scFvs: Involvement of stereological methods
Authors: Nejatollahi Foroogh , Nadimi Elham , Noorafshan Ali , Moazen Setareh , Alizadeh Ali Mohammad , khalighfard Solmaz 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: We assessed the effects of a cocktail of three specific anti HER2-scFvs on breast tumor formation in a xenograft mouse model and evaluated the quantitative changes of the tumor using stereological analysis.Methods: Three specific anti-HER2 phage-antibody were produced from a scFv-library using phage display technology. Cell binding capacities of the antibodies were assessed by FACS analysis. Soluble forms of antibodies were prepared by infection of HB2151-Ecoli and purified using affinity-based spin column purification method. SDS-PAGE-analysis evaluated the purification process. A cocktail containing equal amount/phage of each scFv was prepared. Inbred female BALB/c-mice were pretreated with 5 and 20-mg/kg of soluble-scFv cocktail and 1011 phage-cocktail/kg. The mice received 2×106 SKBR-3 human breast cancer cells. Tumor volumes were estimated using Cavalieri principle after preparation of photomicrograph slides. . Results: Anti-HER2-scFvs bound to SKBR-3 cells significantly higher than isotype control. SDS-PAGE- analysis showed high purification of scFvs. Stereological analysis revealed that the highest reductions in total tumor volume, non-inflammatory and inflammatory volumes, 73%, 78% and 72%, respectively, belonged to the group pretreated with 20-mg/kg of the soluble scFvs-cocktail in comparison with PBS-pretreated mice (P-value < 0.0001). The volumetric ratio of the necrotic tissue to the total tumor increased 2.2 and 2 folds in the 20-mg/kg and phage displayed scFvs-cocktail groups in comparison with the PBS-treated mice, respectively (P-value <0.05). Conclusions: Significant reduction of tumor volume and increased necrotic area of human breast cancer cells xenograft by pre-treating with 20-mg/kg anti-HER2-scFv cocktail offers the remarkable anti-tumor effect of the cocktail in vivo.
Th2 cells are associated with recurrence following radiation in human papillomavirus negative head and neck cancer.
Authors: Abdelhakiem Mohamed , Bao Riyue , Pifer Phillip M. , Molkentine David , Molkentine Jessica , Hefner Andrew , Beadle Beth M. , Heymach John , Luke Jason J. , Ferris Robert L. , Pickering Curtis , Wang Jing H. , Patel Ravi B. , Skinner Heath D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) leads to the death of over 360,000 patients annually worldwide. Curative therapy for this disease commonly consists of surgery followed by radiation therapy. Previously, we linked the expression of PD-L1 with clinical radioresistance in HNSCC; however, the relationship between outcome following radiation and immune function is unclear.
Methods
We used two well-annotated cohorts to examine clinical outcomes. The discovery cohort included 94 patients diagnosed with HPV-negative HNSCC who were treated uniformly with surgery and adjuvant radiation. The validation cohort consisted of 97 patients with similar treatment. Immune infiltrates in tumors were derived from RNAseq gene expression in tumor tissues using xCell. The association between each immune cell type and clinical outcomes was tested using Cox proportional hazards models. Immune cell types significantly associated with overall survival (OS), distant metastasis (DM), or locoregional recurrence (LRR) in the discovery cohort were examined in the independent validation cohort. Genes that carry nonsynonymous somatic mutations or have mRNA expression that is associated with the abundance of CD4 + T helper 2 (Th2) cell infiltrate in tumors were also identified in the full TCGA HPV-negative HNSCC cohort as well as nonoverlapping cohorts from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and the National Cancer Institute’s Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC).
Results
In the discovery cohort, we identified intratumoral cell types significantly associated with OS (monocytes, CD4 + memory T cells & Th2 cells), DM (CD4 + memory T cells, sebocytes and epithelial cells) or LRR (common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) cells, CD4 + memory T cells, Th2 cells, and immature dendritic cells (iDCs). However, only a positive association between high levels of Th2 cells and LRR was identified in the validation cohort. We also identified CREBBP/EP300 and CASP8 among the genes that carry somatic mutations significantly associated with the presence of Th2 cells. Additionally, pathway analysis of genes correlated with Th2 cells revealed potential repression of the antitumor immune response and activation of BRCA1-associated DNA damage repair in multiple cohorts.
Conclusions
Th2 infiltrate is enriched in HPV-negative HNSCC tumors and is associated with LRR in two independent cohorts of patients following surgery and radiation. Th2 infiltrate is associated with mutations in CASP8 and CREBBP/EP300 and pathways previously shown to impact the response to radiation. Further investigation is warranted to investigate the mechanisms underlying the role of Th2 cells in mediating radioresistance in HPV-negative HNSCC.
Influence of extracellular matrix composition on tumour cell behaviour in a biomimetic in vitro model for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Calitz Carlemi , Rosenquist Jenny , Degerstedt Oliver , Khaled Jaafar , Kopsida Maria , Fryknäs Mårten , Lennernäs Hans , Samanta Ayan , Heindryckx Femke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The tumor micro-environment (TME) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) consists out of cirrhotic liver tissue and is characterized by an extensive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM). The evolution from a reversible fibrotic state to end-stage of liver disease, namely cirrhosis, is characterized by an increased deposition of ECM, as well as changes in the exact ECM composition, which both contribute to an increased liver stiffness and can alter tumor phenotype. The goal of this study was to assess how changes in matrix composition and stiffness influence tumor behavior. HCC-cell lines were grown in a biomimetic hydrogel model resembling the stiffness and composition of a fibrotic or cirrhotic liver. When HCC-cells were grown in a matrix resembling a cirrhotic liver, they increased proliferation and protein content, compared to those grown in a fibrotic environment. Tumour nodules spontaneously formed outside the gels, which appeared earlier in cirrhotic conditions and were significantly larger compared to those found outside fibrotic gels. These tumor nodules had an increased expression of markers related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), when comparing cirrhotic to fibrotic gels. HCC-cells grown in cirrhotic gels were also more resistant to doxorubicin compared with those grown in fibrotic gels or in 2D. Therefore, altering ECM composition affects tumor behavior, for instance by increasing pro-metastatic potential, inducing EMT and reducing response to chemotherapy.
The misuse of clobetasol propionate 0.05% based products as skin lightening agents among Sudanese women
Authors: Farah Monzer azhari Mahgoub 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Despite the social, pathological, physiological, and psychological effects that topical corticosteroids (TCs) present, it has become a widespread practice among Sudanese women. This cross-sectional study involving the three localities of Khartoum state assessed the perceived risks and reasons behind the use of TC among Sudanese women. Data was collected from 217 women using a validated self-administered questionnaire with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.773. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Findings showed that 151 (69.6%) of respondents had used at least one clobetasol propionate 0.05% based product,22 (14.6%) of them used very potent TC for > 6 months. 67(44.4%) have a negative perception of its risks and consequences. The reasons behind why clobetasol propionate 0.05% based product were superior is that: it has a very rapid result (54.2%), low price point (35.5%) and no prescription needed (10.3%), while the main motives for commencement were engagement\wedding\graduation party,33 (21.3%) to satisfy the community beauty standards and 49 (31.6%) commence because of their low self-esteem due to their colored skin [self-satisfaction]. There was a significant difference in the perception of the risks of skin bleaching based on institutional affiliations (t = 3.57, p = .000). This study concluded that the misuse of very potent TC was very prevalent among the studied population and that the participants had a negative perception of its risks and consequences.
Optimization of Mechanical Design of Bladeless Wind Turbine in Electricity Fulfilment in Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhany Muhammad Farhan , Kusuma Theo Aden , Chelsie Yessika Natalia , Adi Gandha Satria 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The current government's goal is the realization of an even distribution of the electrification ratio in Indonesia. However, in 2018 the electrification ratio in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) only reached 62.07%. One of the solutions offered is the implementation of a Bladeless Wind Turbine (BWT). BWT is a type of wind power plant that can work optimally in areas with low wind speeds, 3 to 8 m/s, which is still above the NTT average wind speed, 2.3 m/s. This study aims to optimize the mechanical design of BWT with shape and size parameters based on the manipulation of the coefficient of friction through computational fluid dynamic simulations that can work optimally according to wind speed in NTT. In this study, 3 design variations were used, namely Initial Design, Modified Design 1, and Modified Design 2. Based on the research that has been done, MD2 has better results than MD1 and ID, and it can be said that MD2 can work optimally in wind speed areas. low. So MD2 is a mechanical design model that is very suitable to be applied in NTT and is expected to be a recommendation in making masts for BWT-based wind power plants in Indonesia.
Migrating Federated Learning to Centralized Learning with the Leverage of Unlabeled Data
Authors: Zhu Tianqing , Wang Xiaoya , Ren Wei , Zhang Dongmei , Xiong Ping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Federated learning carries out cooperative training without local data sharing, the obtained global model performs generally better than independent local models. Benefifiting from the free data sharing, federated learning preserves the privacy of local users. However, the performance of the global model might be degraded if diverse clients hold non-IID training data. This is because the different distributions of local data lead to weight divergence of local models. In this paper, we introduce a novel teacher-student framework to alleviate the negative impact of non-IID data. On the one hand, we maintain the advantage of the federated learning on the privacy-preserving, and on the other hand, we take the advantage of the centralized learning on the accuracy. We use unlabeled data and global models as teachers to generate a pseudo-labeled dataset, which can signifificantly improve the performance of the global model. At the same time, the global model as a teacher provides more accurate pseudo labels. In addition, we perform a model rollback to mitigate the impact of latent noise labels and data imbalance in the pseudo-labeled dataset. Extensive experiments have verifified that our teacher ensemble performs a more robust training. The empirical study verififies that the reliance on the centralized pseudo-labeled data enables the global model almost immune to non-IID data.