bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, awareness and attitude of eye donation among non-clinical staff of a tertiary eye hospital in South India
Authors: Narendran Venkatapathy , Padmavathi Sivakumar , Sangeetha Shanmugam , Karthik Natarajan 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, awareness and attitude of eye donation among non-clinical staff of tertiary eye hospitals and to convey a positive attitude toward eye donation by enhancing their awareness and knowledge.

Methods:
An online cross-sectional study was conducted among the non-clinical staff from all centers of a tertiary eye care hospital across Tamil Nadu. Quiz link was emailed to non-clinical staff of all the centers. On completion of the quiz, the participants viewed their respective scores and the correct answers to all questions. This activity was presumed to subsequently improve their knowledge and clear up the myths on eye donation.

Results:
Two hundred twenty-eight non-clinical staff from 11 hospitals participated in the quiz. Mean age was 35.3 ± 9.8 years and 130 were female staff (57.05%). One hundred eighty-one participants (79.39%) scored over 50% of the total 17 queries. One hundred eighty-six (81.58%) and 142 (62.28%) participants scored over 50% in the awareness section and knowledge section, respectively. Eye bank volunteers (73, 32.02%) were the main source of information. Twenty-four (10.53%) had already taken pledge for eye donation and 175 (76.75%) were willing to pledge, 29 (12.72%) were not willing to pledge. Twenty-two out of these 29 (75.86%) had no specific reason for not pledging. Family, religious reasons, lack of clarity and fear were least cited reasons (13.79%).

Conclusion:
Non-clinical staff of an eye hospital are easily approachable and are expected to be more knowledgeable by the general public around them. They might act as primary motivators in raising awareness within their family, friends, relatives and neighbors.
A hybrid 26G needle drainage technique in scleral buckling: A mini scleral cut-down
Authors: Markan Ashish , Dogra Mohit , Ayyadurai Nikitha , Singh Ramandeep 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hybrid 26-gauge needle drainage in scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods
In this retrospective study, we included patients who underwent scleral buckling surgery along with subretinal fluid (SRF) drainage using the ‘Hybrid 26G needle drainage technique’. Pre-operative assessment included the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), lens status, and extent of retinal detachment. Intra-operative surgical details such as the height of retinal detachment, number of attempts required to drain the fluid, amount of fluid drained, adequacy of break buckle relationship, and any intra-operative or post-operative complications were noted. Post-operatively, the final visual outcome and retina status were assessed at 3 months of follow-up.

Results
A total of 10 eyes with primary RRD and proliferative vitreoretinopathy C1 or less were included. Pre-operatively, the mean BCVA was 2.43 ± 1.01 logMAR units, which improved significantly to 0.679 ± 0.45 logMAR units (p value < 0.05) at 3 months of follow-up. Regarding the extent of RRD, five eyes (50%) had a total detachment, two eyes (20%) had a sub-total detachment, and three eyes (30%) had an inferior detachment. Four eyes had shallow detachment, four had a moderate detachment, and two eyes had bullous detachment. Complete drainage of SRF (>75%) was achieved in five patients, and a partial but adequate drainage (50–75%) was achieved in the rest of the five patients. In none of the patients, inadequate or dry tap was encountered. No intra-operative complications were encountered. The retina was attached in eight out of ten eyes at 1 week and at a 1-month follow-up period. Two patients required pars plana vitrectomy for persistent SRF. The retina was attached in all the patients at 3 months of follow-up.

Conclusion
The ‘Hybrid needle drainage’ technique is a safe and effective technique for SRF drainage in scleral buckling surgery.
Presence and development of strabismus in children with telecanthus, epicanthus and hypertelorism
Authors: Mooss Vidya S , Kavitha V , Ravishankar HN , Heralgi Mallikarjun M , Aafreen Saba 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
To study the presence and development of strabismus in children with telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism.

Methods
This is a prospective, longitudinal, and observational study. Sixty children aged between 6 months and 18 years with telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism in isolation or in combination were recruited. A detailed analysis of the history, determination of best corrected visual acuity, complete evaluation of strabismus, and ocular examination were carried out. The presence of telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism and associated strabismus, if any, was noted. All children were followed up for a minimum and maximum period of 12 and 18 months, respectively, to analyze the strabismus (previously present) and for detection of strabismus in those who did not have. The data were analyzed descriptively with mean and standard deviation. Chi square test and Fishers exact test were used to analyze the data between the groups. A P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results
Telecanthus was the most common lid feature (55%). At baseline, ten (16.66%) children had strabismus (six: esotropia; four: exotropia). Two (3.33%) children underwent surgery. One child developed exotropia at the third follow-up (18 months). At the end of the study, 11 (18.33%) children had strabismus. No significant association was seen between lid characteristics and the type of strabismus.

Conclusion
Children with telecanthus, epicanthus, and hypertelorism in isolation or in combination may or may not have associated strabismus. These features can pose difficulty in strabismus diagnosis, which mandates a careful examination, especially in younger age groups and small-angle strabismus. On the other hand, children without strabismus need longer follow-up to detect the development of strabismus and to initiate further management at the earliest.
Peripapillary and fovea avascular zone optical coherence tomography angiography parameters in exfoliation glaucoma versus primary open-angle glaucoma versus healthy eyes
Authors: Zloto Ofira , Veksler Ronel , Moroz Iris , Goldberg Hila , Levkovitch-Verbin Hani 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
To examine the differences in the peripapillary vascular parameters and foveal-avascular-zone (FAZ) vascularity parameters between primary open-angle-glaucoma (POAG) patients versus exfoliation-glaucoma (XFG) patients versus healthy subjects.

Methods:
This is cross-sectional study and a comparative clinical study. POAG and XFG patients and healthy subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including visual field optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) of the optic disc and FAZ. Differences in peripapillary vessel density (VD), perfusion density (PD), and FAZ area and circularity were examined between all groups, as well as correlations between clinical parameters and vascularity parameters for each glaucoma group.

Results:
A total of 109 subjects (one eye for each patient) were analyzed, including 45 with POAG, 30 with XFG, and 34 controls. The average peripapillary VDs were the lowest among the XFG patients and the highest among the controls (P < 0.05, ANOVA). The average peripapillary PD of the central ring was the lowest in the XFG group and the highest in the control group (P = 0.02, ANOVA). A significant negative correlation was found between the average peripapillary VDs and PDs of the inner ring and full ring and disease severity of the POAG patients. There was a significant positive correlation between the average peripapillary PDs of the central rings and full ring and the central macular thickness of the XFG patients (P < 0.01 and P < 0.04, respectively, Pearson correlation).

Conclusion:
The peripapillary vascular parameters of the POAG and XFG patients were lower compared to those of normal participants. A correlation between clinical characteristics of POAG and XFG patients and PD was found. This may hint to a vascular mechanism in glaucoma either primary or secondary to intra-ocular pressure/OAG damage.
A randomized control trial on the role of tranexamic acid in preventing intraoperative bleeding during external dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Alam Md Shahid , Barh Atanu , Kundu Debi 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
To evaluate the role of tranexamic acid in controlling intra-operative and immediate post-operative bleeding during external dacryocystorhinostomy.

Methods
This was a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial. All patients diagnosed with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction presenting between June 2018 to December 2019 were included in the study. All patients in the study group received a single dose of 1 gm tranexamic acid injection intravenously 30 minutes before the surgery, whereas the patients from group B (placebo) received normal saline. The effect of the injection was measured in terms of duration of the surgery, surgical field grading, amount of total blood loss during the surgery, and the need for postoperative nasal packing.

Results
A total of 96 patients were included, of whom 45 were males and 51 were females. The study group (Group A) included 51 patients (27 males and 24 females) and the control group (Group B) included 45 patients (18 males and 27 females). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of the duration of surgery (48.43 ± 20.01 minutes vs. 53.38 ± 19.8 minutes, P = 0.228), view of the surgical field (P = 0.084), the amount of intraoperative blood loss (88.63 ± 69.34 mL vs. 88.89 ± 51.93 mL, P = 0.984) and requirement of postoperative nasal packing (54.9% vs 62.2%, P = 0.471).

Conclusion
There seems to be little to justify the role of preoperative intravenous tranexamic acid injection in controlling intra-operative and immediate postoperative bleeding during external dacryocystorhinostomy.
Exploring the globe salvaging treatment options in patients of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis with orbital involvement
Authors: Khare Praveen , Chaurasia Yogita , Bhatnagar Shweta 
Published: October 2022

Purpose
To explore the various globe salvaging treatment strategies for patients with coronavirus disease 2019-associated mucormycosis (CAM).

Methods
This was a prospective interventional analytical study conducted at a Medical College in rural India. A total of 84 patients of CAM admitted between May 2021 and August 2021 were enrolled for the study. Patients with histologically proven CAM with clinical and/or radiological evidence of orbital involvement were divided into three treatment categories based on the site and extent of the lesion. Re-assessment was performed after 7 days. For patients who worsened with the primary approach, orbital exenteration was considered based on a Sion Hospital Scoring System. A novel approach to intra-orbital anti-fungal therapy, site-centered peri-bulbar injection of amphotericin B (SCPeriAmB), was also explored. All the patients were followed up for at least 3 months. Convenience sampling with descriptive statistics was used.

Results
Six patients had to finally undergo exenteration by the end of the study period. The rest of the patients were reported to be stable or improved. No mortalities were reported on delaying the exenteration. No adverse events were noted in patients who were given SCPeriAmB.

Conclusion
Globe salvaging treatment options should be advocated as a primary approach in patients with CAM. Site-centered peri-bulbar injections can be considered as an approach for delivering intra-orbital anti-fungal therapy in selected patients.
A 5-year evaluation of early-and late-onset sporadic colorectal cancer screening in Central Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zacharakis Georgios , Almasoud Abdulaziz , Arahmaner Omar , Aldossary Khaled , Alzahrani Jamaan , Al-Ghamdi Sameer , AlShehri Abdullah , Nikolaidis Pavlos , Bawazir Abdullah , Alfayez Talal , Daadour Moataz , Alslimah Faisal , Altamimi Mohammed , Alshalawi Sami 
Published: October 2022

Background:
The Al-Kharj colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program was implemented for five years (2017-2022) in a central urban area of Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia, to assess the participation and impact of the program in average-risk individuals.

Methods:
The high sensitivity-guaiac based-fecal occult blood test (HSgFOBT) was used as a first-line investigation to identify asymptomatic patients, aged 45–75 years, requiring CRC screening using colonoscopy. The program was run in three tertiary hospitals in the area.

Results:
The five-year participation rate was 73% (35,640/48,897). The average age was 53 years (range 45–75), 49% were female (17,464/35,640), all were asymptomatic, and 77% had adequate bowel preparation. The HSgFOBT (+) rate was 6.3% (n = 2245), and 76% (n = 1701) of these underwent colonoscopy. The prevalence of findings were as follows: CRC, 4.8% (81/1701); advanced adenoma, 9.5% (162/1701); adenoma, 15.9% (270/1701); non-adenomatous polyps, 7.9% (135/1701); and no polyps or tumors, 25.4% (432/1701). Among participants aged 45–50 years, early onset-CRC had female predominance, while those ≥50 years with late onset-CRC were predominantly male. CRC was more prevalent in the left colon (P < 0.005).

Conclusions:
Approximately one-third of the participants diagnosed with CRC had early-onset CRC. Screening participation was desirable for the defined target population. Public education is necessary along with expanded colonoscopy resources to continue further citizen participation.
Cytokines of the IL-6 family, adiponectin and leptin levels in patients with metabolic syndrome during the post-COVID period
Authors: Radaeva O. A. , Simbirtsev A. S. , Kostina Yu. A. , Negodnova E. V. , Besheynov D. D. , Mashnina S. V. , Eremeev V. V. 
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 is a multisystem disease, but the extent of its consequences is currently poorly understood, especially in the persons with metabolic disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the special changes in the cytokines of IL-6 family (IL-6 and sIL-6, LIF and sLIFr), adiponectin and leptin within 360 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), to discern features of immunopathogenesis depending on previous vaccination against COVID-19.
We have classified the patients in two groups: (1) patients with MetS who underwent COVID-19 6-12 months after full-course vaccination with a vector vaccine (n = 32); (2) patients with MetS who underwent COVID-19 without story of vaccination (n = 29). Control group included conditionally healthy individuals without MetS: (3) vaccinated, and (4) non-vaccinated, who also had COVID-19. The levels of IL-6 and sIL-6, LIF and sLIFr, leptin and adiponectin, NO, ADMA, SDMA were determined by ELISA technique.
In patients with MetS, changes in cytokine regulation towards proinflammatory reactions were revealed (an increase in blood IL-6 and leptin levels), which was most pronounced in MetS within first 30 days post-COVID, but with a number of changes which remained for 12 months (e.g., increased leptin concentration in blood). Vaccination against COVID-19 reduced the severity of pro-inflammatory changes in the sIL- 6r/ IL-6 and leptin/adiponectin systems towards protective adiponectin. However, the persistent increase in leptin was not canceled. When interpreting these results, no negative differences were revealed in the group of once vaccinated individuals with MetS, concerning the mentioned cytokine regulations of MetS over 1 year after COVID-19. The univariate, and then multifactorial correlation analysis between serum contents of sIL- 6r/ IL- 6, LIF/ sLIFr, adiponectin and leptin and the levels of vasoactive substances (NO, ADMA and SDMA), glycated hemoglobin, LDL has shown that the increased ratio of sIL-6r/IL-6 is an independent factor for the NO reduction of (r = 0.74, p 0.01); an increase in sLIFr positively correlates with increase in glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.69, p 0.01), and an association with increase of ADMA (r = 0.82, p 0.001), leptin (in this model) are shown to be an independent factor of LDL increase (r = 0.69, p 0.05).
Influence of pre-COVID modifiable factors, in particular, vaccination, is relevant in terms of reducing the likelihood of progression of pre-existing chronic diseases (hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus) in the persons with MetS after COVID-19 and has prospects for implementation into clinical practice.
Gastrointestinal manifestations of allergy in the presence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection
Authors: Barilo A. A. , Smirnova S. V. , Feizer Albina A. 
Published: October 2022

Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with gastrointestinal tract disorders is one of the most common problems in the modern medicine. There are conflicting data in the literature on the role of H. pylori infection in development of allergic diseases and its effect on the course of gastrointestinal disorders in allergic conditions. There is currently no conclusive evidence about the role of H. pylori in etiology and pathogenesis of allergic states. Hence, the studies of gastrointestinal disorders in allergic conditions in the presence of H. pylori infection are of sufficient relevance. Our aim was to study the features of sensitization spectrum and clinical course of gastrointestinal manifestations in allergic disorders in the children infected with H. pylori.
We have carried out a retrospective analysis of medical histories of the children with gastrointestinal manifestations of allergies (n = 29) aged from 1 to 18 years (middle age, 110.7 years), living in Eastern Siberia. The presence of H. pylori infection was determined with enzyme immunoassay technique, by measuring concentrations of total antibodies to the CagA H. pylori antigen. Depending on the carriage of H. pylori infection, 2 groups were discerned: HP-infected (n = 8), and HP-non-infected patients (n = 21). The spectrum of sensitization was determined by evaluating skin-prick tests for the non-infectious allergens. Gastrointestinal tract evaluation was based on the results of anamnesis, complaints, objective examination and data of esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
It was found that, in most cases, gastrointestinal manifestations of allergy were combined with dermatorespiratory syndrome (41.3% of total group). The incidence of H. pylori infection in the patients with gastrointestinal manifestations of allergies was 27.5% of the group. Among the gastrointestinal manifestations of allergies, inflammatory diseases of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, e.g., gastroesophageal reflux, gastritis, and duodenitis were most common. In the group of HP-infected children the incompetence of cardia was more often, being statistically significant. In the group of HP-noninfected children, esophagitis, bulbitis, erosive lesions of the stomach and duodenum were more common, however, the difference did not reach statistical significance. The spectrum of sensitization in the patients with gastrointestinal manifestations of allergies showed some features depending on the presence of HP infection. E.g., sensitization to birch and meadow grass mixture was found to be significantly more often in the group of HP-infected children, Among the HP-noninfected children, sensitization to house dust mite, cat wool, and dog wool was more often detected. Hence, when examining children with gastrointestinal manifestations of allergies it is necessary to exclude the presence of H. pylori infection, which can modify the course of a genuine allergic pathology.
Developing English Reading Descriptive Text Materials Based on Scientific Approach for Grade X Students of Computer and Network Engineering Study Program at SMKS Harapan Al-Washliyah Sigambal
Authors: Simatupang Aldino Syahreza , Siregar Masitowarni 
Published: October 2022

The objective of this study was to develop materials of reading descriptive text as supporting learning for grade X computer and network engineering students at SMKS Harapan Al- Washliyah Sigambal. The research was conducted by using the simplication of Research and Development theory by Borg and Gall (2003) which simplified by Puslitjaknov (2008). The data was taken through observation, questionnaires, and interview. The materials were validated by an English lecturer and an English teacher by using validation sheets which is adapted from BSNP. The data were collected by using descriptive analysis and the materials were arranged based on Scientific Approach. The study’ results revealed that: (1) the materials used do not support the students study program because the topics of the materials are still considered general, (2) relevant reading materials are needed by students in vocational school especially in computer and network engineering study program, (3) the developed reading materials based on Scientific Approach have been validated with the score 3.52 from the first expert and 3.65 from the second expert which is in the range of 3.25 < ≤̅ 4.00 and categorized as “Very Good”. The reading descriptive text materials have been developed in accordance to the students’ needs based on Scientific Approach.
Digitizing Lehrwerkanalyse Materials with the Flip PDF Professional Application
Authors: Putri Dinie Dwi , Wijayati Primardiana Hermilia 
Published: October 2022

The development of digital book using the Flip PDF Professional application for Lehrwerkanalyse course is motivated by the lack of interactive teaching materials for students. The aims of this research are: (1) to develop a digital book for Lehrwerkanalyse course through the Flip PDF Professional application; (2) to determine the feasibility of digital books based on expert judgment and student perceptions. This research is a research and development (R&D) using the ADDIE development model. This research was tested on students of German Language Education Study Program, Universitas Negeri Malang. The stages of this research are: 1) Analysis, 2) Design, 3) Development, 4) Implementation, and 5) Evaluation. The data collection method used a questionnaire to obtain assessment data from students on the product. The result of the product is an OFFEN digital book contains 8 materials presented in the form of text, video, audio, supporting images, mini quizzes, and essay assignments for the Lehrwerkanalyse course. The results of the expert assessment using the Gregory validity formula, the feasibility is at a score of 0.96 (very high). The implementation of digital book for students results in that these digital books have an attractive appearance, easier to understand the material, can be used as independent teaching materials, and is easy to access. Based on these two assessments, the OFFEN digital book is suitable to use as independent teaching material.