bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mediterranean-Style Diet in association with gastroesophageal reflux disease in adolescents
Authors: AhmadiVasmehjani Azam , Beigrezaei Sara , Nafei Zahra , Behniafard Nasrin , Aflatoonian Majid , Darabi Zahra , Salehi-Abargouei Amin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of common esophageal diseases in adolescents. Recent evidence has shown that dietary patterns might be associated with GERD risk. The aim of this study was to assess the association between a Mediterranean style diet (MedDiet) and GERD in a large sample of adolescents living in central Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on 5141 adolescents aged between 13-14 years. Dietary intake assessed by using a food frequency method. The GERD diagnosed using a six-item questionnaire, which askes about its symptoms including heartburn, sense of reflux, poor sleep, medication use, nausea and epigastric pain. A binary logistic regression used to evaluate the relationship between the MedDiet score and GERD and its associated symptoms.Results: The analyses revealed that after adjustment for all possible confounding variables, the adolescents in the highest adherence to the MedDiet score had lower odds of GERD [odds ratio (OR)= 0.53; 95% CI 0.35-0.80, Ptrend = 0.005)], sense of reflux (OR= 0.45; 95 % CI 0.26-0.77, Ptrend = 0.01) and poor sleep (OR= 0.54; 95% CI 0.31-0.96, Ptrend = 0.02) compared with those in the lowest adherence. This association remained significant after adjustment for confounding factors including of age, sex, watching TV and computer and BMI. No significant link found between MedDiet and other GERD symptoms.Conclusion: The present study reported an inverse association between adherence to a Mediterranean style diet and GERD among Iranian adolescents. Adherence to MedDiet may be an important strategy in preventing GERD in adolescents.
Evaluation and comparison of different breast cancer prognosis scores based on gene expression data
Authors: Chowdhury Avirup , Pharoah Paul D. , Rueda Oscar M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the three most common cancers worldwide and is the most common malignancy in women. Treatment approaches for breast cancer are diverse and varied. Clinicians must balance risks and benefits when deciding treatments, and models have been developed to support this decision-making. Genomic risk scores (GRS) may offer greater clinical value than standard clinicopathological models, but there is limited evidence as to whether these models perform better than the current clinical standard of care. Methods: PREDICT and GRSs were adapted using data from the original papers and modification of the genefu R package. Univariable Cox proportional hazards models were produced with BCSS as the outcome. Independent predictors of BCSS were used to build multivariable models with PREDICT. Signatures which provided independent prognostic information in multivariable models were incorporated into the PREDICT algorithm, and assessed for calibration, discrimination and reclassification.Results: Oncotype DX (ODx), EndoPredict, MammaPrint and Prosigna were univariable predictors of BCSS. ODx and MammaPrint demonstrated prognostic power independent of PREDICT in multivariable models for ER-positive patients; no score predicted BCSS in ER-negative patients. Incorporating these models into PREDICT had only a modest impact upon calibration (with absolute improvements of 0.3-0.8%), discrimination (with no statistically significant c-index improvements) and reclassification (with 6-9% of patients being reclassified). Conclusion: Addition of GRSs to PREDICT had limited impact on model fit or treatment received. This analysis does not support widespread adoption of current GRSs based on our implementations of commercial products.
Levels of bioavailable, and free forms of 25(OH)D after supplementation with vitamin D3 in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Santos Livia Marcela , Ohe Monique Nakayama , Pallone Sthefanie Giovanna , Nacaguma Isabela Ohki , Kunii Ilda Sizue , Silva Renata Elen Costa , Maeda Sergio Setsuo , Vieira José Gilberto Henriques , Lazaretti-Castro Marise 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is the major metabolite for ascertaining vitamin D status, which circulates bound to a specific carrier (vitamin D-binding protein - VDBP). A portion that circulates unbound vary according to the VDBP genotype. This study evaluates the behavior of different forms of 25(OH)D, before and after supplementation with 14,000 IU of vitamin D3, weekly for 12 weeks, in individuals with primary hyperparathyroidism and controls. Fifty-six patients with active primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and 64 paired controls (CTRL), not taking vitamin D3 for the last three months, were enrolled. The genetic isotypes of VDBP were determined to calculate bioavailable and free 25(OH)D. A p<0.05 was considered significant.There were no statistical differences in free, bioavailable, and total 25(OH)D levels between PHPT and CTRL groups at baseline. The distribution of VDBP haplotypes 1s/1s, 1f/1f, 1s/1f, 2/2, 1s/2, and 1f/2 was similar between groups. After supplementation, all three forms of 25(OH)D proportionally increased within each group, although the percentage increment was lower in the PHPT group (p<0.05). Total 25(OH)D is better correlated with PTH in the PHPT group than bioavailable and free 25(OH)D (r=-0.41; p<0.05).The concentrations of total, free, and bioavailable 25(OH)D were similar in both PHPT and CTRL groups, and all forms increased proportionally after supplementation, although this increment percentage was higher in the CTRL group, with a subsequent reduction of PTH and AP. Total 25(OH)D correlated better with PTH than other forms, suggesting no advantages in measuring free or bioavailable 25(OH)D in these situations.
An Enhanced EDBF Framework: Constraint-Law-Method (CLM) for Improving Multi-parent Crossover Algorithms
Authors: ZUO Zhengkang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Empirical distribution-based framework (EDBF), as a general framework utilized in lots of muti-parent crossover algorithms (MCAs), makes MCAs much more efficient at each iteration. However, EDBF cannot work with the numerous parent chromosomes especially exceeding fifty. To address this problem, an enhanced EDBF framework, namely constraint-law-method (CLM), is proposed by adaptively changing the boundary of weight assigned to each parent chromosome according to the constraint law. Furthermore, CLM is compared with EDBF, ABPSO and RCBBFA algorithms on 20 benchmark functions in terms of convergence, efficiency and accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that CLM outperforms comparative algorithms on most of benchmark functions. As a general framework rather than a specific algorithm, CLM is easy to implement and can easily be accommodated to any existing MCAs. Finally, the C++ source code is available at https://github.com/ZhengkangZUO-2020/CLM-Framework-Codes .
Comparative study of preoperative sagittal alignment between patients with multi-segment cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament and cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Li Hao , Wang Lianlei , Yuan Suomao , Tian Yonghao , Liu Xinyu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background To compare preoperative sagittal alignment between patients with multi-segment cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Methods A total of 198 patients (110 men, 78 women; mean age, 58.8 ± 10.4 years) with severe cervical spondylosis underwent surgical treatment from September 2013 to December 2021. In total, 103 patients were diagnosed with multi-segment cervical OPLL, including continuous type (n = 31), segmental type (n = 31), and mixed type (n = 41). The remaining 95 patients had multi-segment CSM. Several clinical variables were assessed preoperatively, including Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, number of hand actions in 10 seconds, hand-grip strength, C2–C7 Cobb angle, C2–C5 Cobb angle, C5–C7 Cobb angle, C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis, C7 slope, T1 slope, K-line, K-line tilt, and range of motion (ROM).Results The JOA scores, number of hand actions in 10 seconds, hand-grip strength, and VAS scores were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). The C2–C7 and C5–C7 Cobb angles were significantly better in the OPLL group (p < 0.05). The CSM group had a larger ROM (p < 0.001). Within the OPLL group, the ROM was significantly different between the segmental type and continuous type (p < 0.05).Conclusion The sagittal alignment in patients with multi-segment cervical OPLL is good. However, patients with OPLL have greater loss of ROM than those with CSM. Studying the sagittal alignment could provide a theoretical basis for preoperative decision-making.
Antibiotic prescriptions for Oral Diseases in India: Pattern and Practices
Authors: Mathur Manu Raj , Nagrath Deepti , Mishra Vijay Kumar , Harris Rebecca , Saif Syed , Selvaraj Sakthivel , Mehta Aashna , Farooqui Habib Hasan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The key objective of this research was to describe the prescription rate of various antibiotics for dental problems in India and to study the relevance of the prescriptions by analysing antibiotic type associated with different dental diagnoses, using a large scale nationally representative dataset. Methods: We used a 12-month period (May 2015 to April 2016) medical audit dataset from IQVIA (formerly IMS Health). We coded the dental diagnosis provided in the medical audit data to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) and the prescribed antibiotics for the diagnosis to Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) -2020 classification of World Health Organization. The primary outcome measure was the medicine prescription rate per 1,000 persons per year (PRPY1000). Results: Our main findings were -- 403 prescriptions per 1,000 persons per year in the year 2015 -2016 for all dental ailments. Across all ATC level 1 classification, ‘Diseases of hard tissues’ made up the majority of the prescriptions. ‘Beta-lactam’, ‘Penicillin,’ and ‘Cephalosporins’ were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for dental diagnoses followed by ‘Macrolides’ and ‘Quinolones’. ‘Dental caries’ , ‘Discoloration of tooth’, and ‘Toothache’ were the most common reasons for ‘Beta-Lactams’ and ‘Penicillin’ prescriptions. Conclusion: To conclude our study reports first ever country (India) level estimates of antibiotic prescription by antibiotic classes, age groups, and ICD-11 classification for dental ailments.
Correlation between serum liver fibrosis markers and early gastroesophageal varices among patients with compensated liver cirrhosis: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Mei Ling , Ma Ying , Zhao Lili , Chen QingLing , Zhou Li , Yang Hang , Liu Jie , Li Jia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and aim: portal hypertension is a common complication of chronic liver diseases that is responsible for most clinical consequences of liver cirrhosis. In patients with portal hypertension, esophagogastric variceal bleeding is a leading cause of death. The majority of research focuses on high-risk esophageal and gastric varices and bleeding, with only a few on early varices. However, it is found that early intervention of gastroesophageal varices can better improve the prognosis and reduce mortality, there is still no relevant research. Ultrasonic endoscopy is a combination of endoscopy and ultrasonic imaging. It can detect varices around the esophagus and gastric based on a gastroscope, and detect esophageal collateral veins and perforating veins earlier, which is helpful for the early diagnosis of varices. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the correlation between serum fibrosis markers and early gastroesophageal varices in patients with compensated cirrhosis.Methods: This study included 477 patients with compensated cirrhosis. The selected patients were categorized into two groups. The early gastroesophageal varices group was gastroesophageal varices found by endoscopic ultrasonography, but not by gastroscopy, whereas the no gastroesophageal varices group was endoscopic ultrasonography and gastroscope without varices. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association of serum fibrosis markers with early gastroesophageal varices.Results: Among the 477 compensated liver cirrhosis patients 198 patients without gastroesophageal varices and 279 patients with early gastroesophageal varices. There was a positive correlation between serum fibrosis markers and early gastroesophageal varices. In univariate logistic regression analysis, patients with early gastroesophageal varices had lower platelet count (P = 0.034), higher aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.046), total bilirubin (P = 0.041), hyaluronic acid (P < 0.001), laminin (P < 0.001), type III procollagen (P = 0.005), type IV collagen (P = 0.002) and liver stiffness measurement (P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that laminin（OR 1.011;95% CI 1.004-1.017, P=0.001） was an independent risk factor for predicting early gastroesophageal varices in patients with compensated cirrhosis.Conclusion: Higher laminin was independently associated with early gastroesophageal varices among patients with compensated cirrhosis.
Effect of bacterial vaginosis on preterm birth: A meta-analysis
Authors: Mohanty Trishna , Doke Prakash Prabhakarrao , Khuroo Sana Rafiq 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose Bacterial vaginosis is a common genital tract disorder. It can lead to preterm birth but its contribution and extent is equivocal. Bacterial vaginosis is a treatable cause of preterm birth if diagnosed and treated correctly. The study desired to confirm the relationship between bacterial vaginosis and preterm. Methods It was a meta-analysis. Articles published from 2008 to 2018 were included. The studies conducted to measure the strength of association between Bacterial Vaginosis and Preterm Birth by any statistical test were included. Studies with only conceptual aspects and qualitative data were excluded from the meta-analysis. Four search engines were identified, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and LILAC. Forest plots were plotted separately for Odds Ratio (OR) and Relative Risk. Results After extensive search 11 studies giving 14 relevant results with 20,894 participants were included. This meta-analysis proves that Bacterial Vaginosis is strongly associated with preterm birth. The risk of preterm delivery is >2-folds in women with bacterial vaginosis (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 2.29 to 3.41). The combined or pooled risk ratio (RR) of pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis having a preterm birth or preterm delivery is 1.52 (RR, 95% C.I.=1.33 to 1.74). Conclusion Our study shows a strong association between Bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth. The study concludes that investigation for bacterial vaginosis and management accordingly should be a part of the routine examination of a pregnant woman. The health system must initiate this strategy at the earliest to reduce prevalence of preterm births and thereby neonatal mortality.
A theoretical investigation of the substituent effect on the chemical reactivity of NHC(R2 )-B and NHC-B(R'2 ) Boriranes
Authors: Firozi Halimeh , Ghazanfari Dadkhoda , Razavi Razieh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The NHC-Boriranes are well-known compounds in main group chemistry and synthetic chemistry. In order to theoretically investigate of reactivity and thermodynamic properties of boriranes, all optimized geometries of six categories of substituted NHC(R2)-B and NHC-B(R'2) (where R or R' = NO2, CN, CHO, F, Cl, Br, H, Ph, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, OH, NH2) were performed using the density functional theory method (DFT) and 6-31G+(d) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Next, the band gap, electron affinity, ionization potential, electronegativity, chemical softness–hardness, and thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy and entropy are calculated. The results have shown that substituted groups not only have a leading role in the reactivity and stability of compounds but also they are a determination of the properties of molecules. The hard molecule has a large energy gap and a soft molecule has a small energy gap and the soft substituted structures of NHC(R2)-B and NHC B(R'2) Boriranes are more reactive than hard ones.
Characteristics of the cervical spine and cervical cord injuries in the elderly with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Authors: Okuwaki Shun , Funayama Toru , Koda Masao , Eto Fumihiko , Yamaji Akihiro , Yokogawa Noriaki , Sasagawa Takeshi , Ando Kei , Nakashima Hiroaki , Segi Naoki , Watanabe Kota , Nori Satoshi , Takeda Kazuki , Furuya Takeo , Yunde Atsushi , Nakajima Hideaki , Yamada Tomohiro , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Terashima Yoshinori , Hirota Ryosuke , Suzuki Hidenori , Imajo Yasuaki , Ikegami Shota , Uehara Masashi , Tonomura Hitoshi , Sakata Munehiro , Hashimoto Ko , Onoda Yoshito , Kawaguchi Kenichi , Haruta Yohei , Suzuki Nobuyuki , Kato Kenji , Uei Hiroshi , Sawada Hirokatsu , Nakanishi Kazuo , Misaki Kosuke , Terai Hidetomi , Tamai Koji , Shirasawa Eiki , Inoue Gen , Kakutani Kenichiro , Kakiuchi Yuji , Kiyasu Katsuhito , Tominaga Hiroyuki , Tokumoto Hiroto , Iizuka Yoichi , Takasawa Eiji , Akeda Koji , Takegami Norihiko , Funao Haruki , Oshima Yasushi , Kaito Takashi , Sakai Daisuke , Yoshii Toshitaka , Ohba Tetsuro , Otsuki Bungo , Seki Shoji , Miyazaki Masashi , Ishihara Masayuki , Okada Seiji , Imagama Shiro , Kato Satoshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) can be complicated cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) by low energy trauma, which is increasing among the elderly and potentially life-threatening. However, the etiology and neurological outcome of CSCI with OPLL in the elderly remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted this multi-center retrospective cohort study, which identified 1,512 patients aged ≥ 65 years and diagnosed with CSCI on admission from 2010 to 2020. We analyzed the etiology in patients with OPLL. Moreover, we performed propensity score-adjusted analyses to compare the neurological outcomes between patients with and without OPLL. The primary outcome comprised the American Spine Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale (AIS) grade and ASIA motor score (AMS). In 332 patients with OPLL, the men:women ratio was approximately 4:1. Half of all patients displayed low energy trauma-induced injury, and one-third of the patients had CSCI without a bony injury. The propensity score matching created 279 pairs. There was no significant difference in the AIS grade and AMS between the patients with and without OPLL during hospitalization, 6 months, and 12 months following injury. In summary, OPLL was not associated with neurological recovery in the elderly with CSCI.
The accuracy and temperature change on the root surface using guided endodontics in root canal preparation
Authors: Zhang Cuifeng , Zhao Xiao , Chen Cheng , Wang Jingyan , Gu Peiyu , Ma Junchi , Wu Daming , Li Jin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Guided endodontics have high accuracy and are successful techniques that had been gradually used in endodontics in recent years. However, the guided bur produces excessive heat during continuous rotation and friction with root canal walls. It is not clear whether the degree of temperature increase may lead to periodontal ligament and alveolar bone damage.
Methods
Forty single-rooted premolars were scanned using CBCT and intra-oral scanner, and 3D-printed guided plates were made with the pre-designed access. A custom-made guided bur was used to prepare the access cavities. The postoperative CBCT data and pre-designed pathways were matched to evaluate the deviation between planned and virtual path. Another 18 single-rooted premolars were accessed with the guided plates and bur, ET20 and ProTaper F3, respectively. The temperature changes on the root surfaces were inspected with a thermocouple thermometer.
Results
The average deviation on the tip and the base of the bur were 0.30 mm and 0.28 mm (mesial/distal), and 0.28 mm and 0.25 mm (buccal/lingual). The average angle deviation was 3.62°. The mean root surface temperature rise of the guided endodontics group was 3.07℃, which was lower than that of the ProTaper F3 group (8.90℃) (P < 0.05) and was significantly lower than that of ET20 group (15.70℃) (P < 0.01).
Conclusions
The access cavity preparation performed with guided endodontics has feasible accuracy and low temperature rise on the root surfaces, indicating their high reliability and safety in clinical applications.
Equity and Efficiency of Medical and Health Service System in China: 1991–2020
Authors: ZHAO Na , CHEN Kai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Under the proposition of common prosperity, the high-quality development of Medical and Health Service System (MHS) in China is often characterized by equity and efficiency.This study aims to evaluate the equity and efficiency of the MHS in China from 1991 to 2020 – three decades of China’s MHS reform.
Methods
Data related to China’s MHS was obtained from the China Statistical Yearbook 1992–2021. The ratio of urban residents’ medical expenditure burden to rural residents’ medical expenditure burden was employed to evaluate the equity of China’s MHS.The DEA-Malmquist model was employed to evaluate the efficiency of China’s MHS. Finally, we creatively constructed an equity-efficiency coordination index model to examine the coordination degree between equity and efficiency of China’s MHS.
Results
From 1991 to 1997, rural residents’ relative burden for medical expenditure was much higher, compared with that of urban residents, and the growth rate surpassed that of urban residents. The equity of China’s MHS significantly improved from 1998 to 2007, and the medical expenditure burden of rural residents was reduced compared with those of urban residents. After 2007, the gap in the equity of China’s MHS slowly widened. The efficiency of China's MHS was high and stable from 1991 to 1995. It declined sharply from 1995, and rebounded after hitting bottom in 1998–1999. The efficiency of China's MHS returned to a high level in 2007 and remained stable since then.The evidence that there was extremely weak migration or no migration between equity and efficiency of China’s MHS in the past 30 years except for a weak degree migration from 1998 to 2000.
Conclusions
China’s MHS has undergone a comprehensive system reconstruction and reintegration over the previous 30 years, the equity and efficiency of China’s MHS have greatly improved. However, it is worth noting that the inequity between urban and rural residents’ medical burden still exists. The government can provide medical subsidies for rural residents to adjust resources allocation levels in both urban and rural areas, control the differences in medical expenditure burden between urban and rural residents to a reasonable range, and continuously improve the equity level of urban and rural in China’s MHS.