bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SISTEM SOSIAL KERUKUNAN UMAT BERAGAMA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEPERCAYAAN HALAIKA DI DESA BOTI KECAMATAN KIE KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Benu Semuel D.H.M 
Published: April 2022

<p><em>Diversity in Indonesia is the basic capital in supporting national development, if these differences are managed properly, harmony will be created in society which will support national development. In a pluralistic society, it is inevitable that there will be diversity in terms of ethnicity, class and religion, which must live in mutual respect and respect to meet the needs of daily life, and must coexist peacefully, if the community concerned wants to exist. The problem in this study is to find out how the social system of religious harmony in the perspective of the Halaika belief in Boti Village, KiE District, TTS Regency, NTT Province. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach, which is a study to understand how the characteristics of the Halaika believer community, about social construction regarding objectivity, externalization and internalization in religious harmony, to reveal the meaning of social reality. The results of this study shows the existence of mutual respect and mutual respect to meet the needs of daily life, must coexist peacefully, if the community concerned wants to continue to exist.<strong></strong></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: Social System, Harmony, Religious People, Halaika Belief</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak </strong></p><p>Keanekaragaman di Indonesia merupakan modal dasar dalam mendukung pembangunan nasional, apabila perbedaan itu dikelola dengan baik, maka terciptalah kerukunan hidup dalam masyarakat yang akan mendukung pembangunan nasional. Dalam masyarakat yang majemuk tidak dapat dihindari adanya kepelbagaian dalam hal suku, golongan dan agama yang harus hidup saling menghargai dan saling menghormati untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehah-hari, harus hidup berdampingan secara damai, jika masyarakat yang bersangkutan ingin tetap eksis. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem sosial kerukunan hidup beragama dalam perspektif kepercayaan Halaika di Desa Boti Kecamatan KiE Kabupaten TTS Propinsi NTT, Tujuannya untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi terjalinnya kerukunan hidup beragama penganut kepercayaan Halaika. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi yaitu suatu kajian untuk memahami bagaimana keraktristik masyarakat penganut kepercayaan Halaika, tentang konstruksi sosial mengenai objektivitas, eksternalisasi dan internalisasi dalam kerukunan hidup beragama, untuk mengungkapkan makna dari realitas sosial, Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan adanya hidup saling menghargai dan saling menghormati untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehah-hari, harus hidup berdampingan secara damai, jika masyarakat yang bersangkutan ingin tetap eksis.</p><strong>Kata kunci: Sistem Sosial, Kerukunan, Umat Beragama, Kepercayaan Halaika</strong>
Usulan Peningkatan Kualitas Supramak Bed Menggunakan Pendekatan Lean Six Sigma dan Kaizen
Authors: Harits Dimaz , Praswoto Yogi Wahyu , Kurnia Wahyu Ismail 
Published: April 2022

<p class="Abstrak">PT. XYZ merupakan perusahaan manufaktur yang bergerak dibidang rekayasa teknik yang memiliki divisi produksi alat-alat kesehatan. Berdasarkan observasi dan wawancara ditemukan keluhan manjemen terhadap kinerja produksi supramak bed (tempat tidur pasien) yang tidak sesuai ekspektasi, sehingga kualitas produk sulit ditingkatkan. Setelah menganalisis proses produk menggunakan pendekatan dengan pola DMAIC, teridentifikasi 4 CTQ potensial yaitu bolong (38,17%), belang (31,30%), las jelek (19,08%) dan percikan (11,45%). Sigma pada proses pengelasan adalah 3,45 dan sigma pada proses pengecatan adalah 3,53. Untuk memudahkan pemilihan prioritas perbaikan, diagram ishikawa dan FMEA diterapkan. Diperoleh nilai RPN elemen Material sebesar 100, elemen Mesin sebesar 108, dan elemen Manusia sebesar 180. Dengan demikian elemen Manusia menjadi prioritas perbaikan. Dalam tahap perbaikan, analisis Kaizen memberikan 5 usulan yang diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kualitas produk Supramak bed.</p>
150 Myr of Episodic Metamorphism Recorded in the Yukon-Tanana Terrane, Northern Canadian Cordillera: Evidence from Monazite and Xenotime Petrochronology
Authors: Soucy La Roche R. , Dyer S. C. , Zagorevski A. , Cottle J. M. , Gaidies F. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We used in situ laser-ablation split-stream petrochronology to target monazite and xenotime associated with specific metamorphic index minerals in the Florence Range metamorphic suite in the northern Canadian Cordillera. Based on this petrochronological approach, we reconstruct the polyphase metamorphic evolution of the Yukon-Tanana terrane in northwestern British Columbia. Our new data reveal a complex P–T–t path, requiring three metamorphic episodes and passing through the kyanite, sillimanite, and andalusite stability fields over 150 Myr from the Permian to the Early Cretaceous. The earliest preserved metamorphic event is cryptic, reaching the kyanite stability field (&gt;600°C, &gt;0.6 GPa) at ca. 270–240 Ma followed by retrograde metamorphism at ca. 240–215 Ma. Renewed garnet growth occurred during a second prograde metamorphic event at ca. 195–185 Ma. Garnet breakdown, possibly linked to decompression and/or cooling in the suprasolidus stability field of sillimanite and K-feldspar (&gt;675°C, &lt;0.8 GPa), is well-documented at ca. 185–170 Ma. Finally, a third metamorphic episode is characterized by the local growth of andalusite, then cordierite, and reached &gt;600°C below 0.3–0.4 GPa after ca. 120 Ma. This study illustrates the importance of analyzing petrochronometers in their textural context, especially inclusions in porphyroblasts, and the complementary P–T–t information that can be extracted from monazite and xenotime. Our new data are compatible with two separate contractional events involving the Yukon-Tanana terrane during the Permian–Triassic and Late Triassic to Early Jurassic, followed by Cretaceous contact metamorphism.
Joint History Matching of Production, Tracer, and 4D Seismic Data in a 3D Field-Scale Case Study
Authors: Cruz William Chalub , Luo Xiaodong , Petvipusit Kurt Rachares 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To improve the reliability of reservoir models, it is essential to condition reservoir models on available field data sets and reduce uncertainties through a history matching process. There are different types of field data that one can use to estimate uncertain reservoir model parameters. Among them, production data are the most used in history matching, but others also provide valuable complementary information. In this work, we take inter-well tracer and 4D seismic data as the extra sources of information for their high potentials for improving the understanding of reservoir heterogeneity, identifying drainage patterns, improving sweep efficiencies, and so on. However, in practice, it remains challenging to simultaneously history-match multiple field data sets in a proper and consistent manner. This study can be considered as a step towards addressing this problem. To this end, we propose an integrated ensemble-based history matching workflow, in which reservoir models are conditioned simultaneously on production, tracer and 4D seismic data with the help of three advanced techniques: adaptive localization (for better uncertainty quantification), weight adjustment (for balancing the influence of different types of field data), and sparse data representation (for handling big data sets). The history matching workflow is implemented and tested in a 3D benchmark case, and its performance is investigated through a set of comparison studies. Our studies indicate that jointly history matching production, tracer and 4D seismic data results in better estimated reservoir models, in terms of both improved data match, and reduced model discrepancies. Furthermore, we show that with the help of the correlation-based adaptive localization scheme, we are able to maintain substantial ensemble variability even in the presence of multiple types of field data, which appears beneficial to achieve a better performance during the forecast period. Overall, utilizing more types of field data can lead to extra performance improvements, which, however, is achieved at the cost of increased complexity of the history-matching workflow.
Water-Alternating-Gas Injection in Brage Statfjord Reservoir - A Case Study
Authors: Thara Yasir Yousuf , Wergeland Connie , Bolandtaba Saeed Fallah 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The main drainage strategy in Brage-Statfjord reservoir is pressure support by water injection to produce light oil. Continuous water injection is effective in maintaining the reservoir pressure and improving the volumetric sweep efficiency. However, waterflooding can leave behind large volumes of un-swept oil, mainly in the roof/attic of the reservoir. This attic oil can be targeted by gas injection with its properties of low density but gas injection alone cannot provide sufficient pressure support and high gas mobility can lead to quick gas breakthrough leaving the oil behind.
WAG (Water Alternating Gas) injection combines the macroscopic sweep efficiency and pressure maintenance of the waterflooding operation with displacement and microscopic sweep efficiency of gas injection to enhance the oil recovery by targeting the attic oil. This study looked at different WAG injection scenarios by varying the gas-water cycles and gas injection rates. The additional recovery due to WAG was normalized to the cumulative gas injection volumes as WAG efficiency. Role of hysteresis and gas trapping in 3-phase flow was also investigated with the help of numerical simulations. The impact of varying the parameters controlling the 3-phase flow such as Land's parameter, Secondary drainage reduction factor, critical gas saturation and critical oil saturation in gas phase was then included in a thorough uncertainty analysis using Latin hypercube sampling.
Simulation studies showed that the WAG response can be observed several years after injection of the first gas cycle. 3-phase hysteresis plays a significant role in enhancing the recovery due to gas trapping and reduced gas phase mobility. Results in this paper confirm that WAG has the potential to significantly reduce the attic oil saturation and provide an alternative to in-fill drilling, which both can result in higher ultimate recovery factors as compared to the conventional waterflooding.
Dvalin Gas Field Developments and Optimization by Using the Inflow Tracer Technology Information
Authors: Roostaei Alireza , Pride Steve , Jenssen Eirik , Birkeland Reidar , Ritschel Robert , Hughes Neal , Ledsaak Grethe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper describes how the information from inflow tracer technology was used to optimise the trajectory of a well during the development phase of Dvalin field.
The Dvalin field is a high temperature (HT) gas field in the central part of the Norwegian Sea that consists of two separate structures. Each structure has two high perm streaks, the shallower of which was thought to have good reservoir properties whereas there was more uncertainty around the deeper one, the suspicion being that it was of a lower quality. During the exploration phase a DST was performed and it was uncertain if only the upper high permeability streak flowed on the assumption the mud was not optimised for the application. Additionally, the lower high permeability streak was not easily identifiable on the logs, although it was clear from the core. The initial field development concept consisted of drilling four production wells.
Due to the uncertainties around the lower reservoir section, it was seen as highly beneficial to obtain information in the early development phase and, due to the challenging environment (HT and subsea), the choice of monitoring technologies was extremely limited. Inflow tracers were therefore chosen for the four planned producers, a technology whereby unique permanent chemical tracers are integrated into polymer rods which are then deployed as part of the lower completion. They remain dormant until encountering a specific target fluid – in this case oil-based mud (OBM). Once activated, they will release into the target fluid for a certain designed life period (in this case for a few months) and flow to surface upon opening the well where they will be sampled and analysed. The analysed data is then interpreted to confirm the zonal clean up and flow contribution.
The initial drilling plan consisted of slanted wells penetrating both, the upper and lower high permeability streak. In the event, the inflow tracer from the first well confirmed that the lower reservoir section not only cleaned up effectively but, crucially, demonstrated good productivity the operator could prove they selected the optimal mud and also the presence and contribution of a lower high permeability streak. In addition, a decision was made to change the configuration of the final well from slanted to horizontal in the upper zone, resulting in a 4x increase in well productivity where the tracers played a key role in the decision process.
Monitoring well performance at the zonal level is a challenge, especially in HT and subsea wells. In this case inflow tracer technology was successfully used to provide validation of clean-up and flow contribution and thereby helped to optimize the drilling plan and well productivity in the course of the field development thereby increasing the value of the project.
Autonomous Directional Drilling with a Miniature-Scale Research Rig
Authors: Steinstø Magnus , Hånsnar Gaute , Gjersdal Benedicte , Pavlov Alexey , Florence Fred 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Drillbotics is an international student competition hosted by SPE/DSATS. The 2020/2021 competition challenged student teams to design, build and implement a 1.5″ (3.8cm) hole size, fully autonomous directional drilling rig. The well path had to intersect multiple pre-set targets in a rock sample with up to 30-degree inclination and 15-degree azimuth adjustments from the Kickoff Point (KOP). The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) won the competition using a fixed bend Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) and a simulated mud-motor stator with a rod inside the drill pipe transferring rotational torque from a top drive. The team designed and created a bi-directional hydraulic swivel, BHA, and a custom drill bit. Steering was achieved by changing the fixed bend BHA orientation by rotating the drill pipe. A nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (nMPC) was used to allow long-term trajectory control planning following a pre-planned Bezier-curve well path. Position estimations are derived from movement over time in the direction of the current BHA orientation estimate. Orientation is estimated from a combination of physics-based system model predictions and closed-loop BHA orientation surveys from downhole accelerometer data merged by extended Kalman filter observes. Mechanical capabilities of the rig were demonstrated by drilling a 37-degree inclination well path in 6 minutes in a 60 cm sandstone replica. nMPC trajectory control experiments indicate it may be a viable option for fixed bend BHA trajectory control. However, limited testing makes current results inconclusive if the approach can be used for a general well path with major deviations between the fixed bend angle and well path inclination.
Rock and Fluid Data: An Integrated Effort on Improving Subsurface Analysis and Modelling Workflows
Authors: Petersen Egil Boye , Larsen Alex , Craig Lee , Øian Erlend , Schøyen Thomas , Be Alif , Zakariassen Erik 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Rock and Fluid data provide critical input parameters for reservoir characterisation, production, and reserve forecasts. These datasets are key building blocks for reservoir simulation models, but there has been limited work in the oil industry on the standardisation of their data structures, formats, or quality control.
We will present experiences and results from an ongoing digitalisation initiative. This initiative centres on establishing a database that includes all relevant analysis done on rock and fluid data. The database currently has thousands of wells covering over a hundred NCS fields that can be easily accessed via standard interfaces. As the data are contextualised on e.g., lithostratigraphic units, end-users can analyze data by groups, formation, geological time, and depositional environment.
A key challenge for rock and fluid data compared to simpler oil industry datasets, is that one discipline's analysis and modelling results represent another discipline's input data. We will present an approach to resolve these challenges and discuss how this relates to ongoing joint standardisation efforts in the industry such as the OSDU Forum.
In this paper we will show how industrial DataOps technology and close collaboration between domain experts, data managers and technologists has unlocked great value based on Rock and Fluid data. We will describe the workflow of finding and verifying data, establishing standard formats, implementing automated data validation and ingestion, and how we manage, visualise, and interpret data, ensure full data integrity, and make data available for end-users through different applications.
We will provide examples on how machine learning can be used for automated trend analysis and identification of relationships across different data types to support model generation.
Finally, we will demonstrate a state of the art and seamless workflow of generating static and dynamic SCAL model input for reservoir simulation with uncertainty band. This includes evaluation and verification of both static and dynamic SCAL data. Relative permeability and capillary pressure curves from each laboratory experiment are quality assured, parameterised and stored in the database, along with all relevant information such as plug properties, well name, fluid properties, experimental conditions, flow parameters and endpoint saturations etc.
The Effect of Oxidation of Core Material on Steady State Relative Permeability of Oil and Water
Authors: Orr Robert , Standnes Dag Chun , Holt Torleif , Raphaug Martin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Laboratory core flooding experiments performed are used to predict fluid flow behaviour in the reservoir. Most reservoirs are in a reduced state. However, iron minerals in the extracted cores may become oxidized going from the reservoir to the laboratory. Oxidation of the core can affect wettability and thereby relative permeability curves used for reservoir simulation studies. The aim of this work was to study the potential effect of core oxidation on relative permeability.
Steady state relative permeability experiments with in-situ saturation measurements and use of live oil have been performed on one composite core at 10 different saturations. The core was tested under three different conditions: oxidized (Exp. 1), reduced (Exp. 2) and re-oxidised (Exp. 3). The core was cleaned, fluid saturated and aged before each test. In Exp. 2, the core plug was chemically reduced. All fluids used in this experiment were oxygen free. In Exp. 3 the core plug was treated using fluids to oxidise the core. Fluids injected and extracted, and core samples were analysed using a range of methods.
Results showed that the measured relative permeability curves from Exp. 2 and 3 were similar and significantly different from the results from Exp. 1. The attempt to restore the core material to the initial state (oxidized) after Exp. 2 by exposing the core material to fluids with oxygen was seemingly not successful. The observation was also supported by unsteady state flooding measurements which indicated that as long as the core remained fluid saturated, it behaved as a reduced core, even after extensive exposure to oxygen containing liquids. The crossing point of the oil and water relative permeabilities indicate that the core was more water wet in reduced state compared to before the oxidized state. Differences in chemical composition were also detected between extracts from Exp. 1 - 3.
The conclusion is that significant differences in steady state relative permeabilities of oil and water in oxidized and reduced states were observed for the iron containing core investigated. The results also indicate that if the core is kept fluid saturated, effects of oxidation may be significantly delayed.
Digital and Automated Well Planning for Completions
Authors: Semwogerere David , Brechan Bjørn , Sangesland Sigbjørn 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The well completion planning process can be more effective by moving to a digital platform which enables automation of many frequent decisions, repetitive tasks and calculations performed by completion engineers. This can potentially reduce manhours, improve quality of the completion programs, improve HSE and performance in operations. As the industry moves towards automation of the rig equipment, digitalizing the well planning process can further aid rig automation coupling the digital completion program and procedures with the rig equipment execution platform. The initial step in the project was to establish the Basis of Design and completion operational decisions into programmed machine logic. This logic is based on digital experience developed from standards and industry best practices. This work shows how digital and automated well completion planning can be applied to improve the well completion selection workflow.
A Troublesome Well Section: The Rock Mechanics Analysis
Authors: Kristiansen Tron Golder , Bauer Andreas , Guida Assia , Bonin Claudia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Wellbore stability analysis has become a standard activity in well planning in our industry. Pragmatic methodologies have been developed that makes the wellbore stability analysis accurate with few input variables and simplistic models. This approach requires careful calibration of models to offset well data (both drilling data and log data). The typical sequence in field developments is that one often starts out with the low-risk wells first, typically the wells with low wellbore inclination (in a normal faulting stress regime as typically found on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS)). Then as the field matures one typically starts to drill more complex wells with higher and higher inclination and longer and longer hole sections. In these high angle wells the mud weight requirement to provide a stable hole increase. This again results in a narrower safe operational mud pressure window between the collapse pressure of the well and the fracture gradient and the minimum horizontal stress. In addition to the narrower safe operational mud pressure window in the high angle wells, the hole cleaning, the transport of drill cuttings, becomes more challenging. In addition, in high angle wellbores one reduces the attack angle between the shale bedding and the wellbore axis and therefore one may have to take this effect into account, which will require more advanced wellbore stability calculations with more input data. In addition, in high angle wells gravity will be more effective on liberating in-situ fractured material into the wellbore. In this paper we investigate a well section which resulted in severe unexpected drilling challenges as the well tested higher inclinations in the field than tested before. This paper does only address the rock mechanical analysis of the data in a larger cross-functional root cause analysis. In this case we selected to go for a more conservative approach using a weak plane model, although the root cause of the problems does not seem to be rock mechanics related.