bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive Documentary as Form of Public Narrative in Digital Age
Authors: Fan Weikun 
Published: April 2022

This paper examines how migration crises in North America are represented in two award-winning interactive documentary projects—Borderland and Roxham. Through various combinations of images, texts, video, surface designs and visual presentation, those two both portray detailed stories and imply critical point of views. Based on reflection on interactivity, hypertextuality, multimediality that afforded by digital technology, this project is guided by the main research question: how do features of interactive documentary enable this non-linear storytelling structure to be a new form of public narrative? With the analysis of Borderland and Roxham as case studies, remixes of multimedia visual elements, narrative structures, contributions from users and variation in user’s narrative routes are also discussed within sub-questions: how does the story of individual open emotional dialogue in those two projects? In what way users can experience the shared values through emotion that may lead to moral choice?

Two projects are analyzed by Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis to evaluate the structure of stories and interactivity constructed by moving images, perspectives, and storytelling. By tapping into the interlocking plots and the power of narrative, I argue that interactive documentary forms a unique public narrative when tackling social issues, allowing self-experience to intertwine with collective experience, and let individuals meet in this temporal public sphere through authorial expressivity, narrative routes and interactive participatory.
How to Make Immersive Technologies More Equitable
Authors: Gedal Anna 
Published: April 2022

Today, immersive technologies—like virtual reality—are celebrated as natural empathy machines, capable of fostering meaningful cross-cultural understanding. I interrogate this assumption through my case study of an early twentieth-century immersive, interactive ride: 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1903). The elaborate travel simulation and multisensorial, live-action scenes that followed offered millions of visitors a thrilling glimpse of the electrified future promised by American imperialism. Through 20,000 Leagues, audiences climbed aboard a simulated submarine and traveled to the Arctic (a massive refrigerated warehouse on Coney Island at the height of summer, featuring live polar bears and “authentic” Native Alaskans). Though perhaps experienced simply as entertainment, the ride was a potent pedagogical tool; the amusement introduced visitors to the thrill of “discovery” first-hand while erasing the violence of colonialism. The impact of this ride, and others like it, was profound, contributing to mass support for imperial wars abroad and racial segregation at home. Drawing lessons from my case study, I argue that the early ride was a precursor to twenty-first-century immersive worlds.
My work centers on the pressing need to reconnect immersive technology to its historical context or risk reinscribing the imperial gaze into contemporary experiences. To move toward this goal, I offer fellow makers and scholars terminology to articulate the manifestations of the medium’s colonial inheritance, critical questions to guide a more equitable cultural production process, and a contemporary case study of VR film, Traveling While Black (2019), directed by Roger Ross Williams, who is already engaged in this critical work.
The Antibacterial Activity of Callemia Sinensis (green tea) on Some Bacterial Species.
Authors: Thamer Jasim M. , Ayad Raauf M.R. , Dalya Hana B. 
Published: April 2022

The main objective of this research is to screen and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Callemia Sinensis and to find out zone of inhibition against gram positive (G+ve) bacteria as well as gram negative (G-ve) bacteria.Extraction of the leaves Callemia Sinensis (green tea) and tested against 54 isolates of G+ve and G-ve bacteria which were isolated from different samples, which include pus of skin, urine and throat swabs of patients who were admitted to Al-jerahat specialized hospital in Baghdad during the period of 1/12/2008 to 1/7/2009.The methanolic extract of the plant Callemia Sinensis (green tea) showed antibacterial activity against 54 bacterial isolates that would be isolated in this study: 8 isolates of Escherichia coli, 8 isolatesof Streptococcus pneumoniae, 12 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 8 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 6 isolates of Proteus species, and 12 isolates of Pseudomonas aeroginosa.
Callemia Sinensis have been shown to have potential chemotherapeutic activities. These data provide a direct mechanism of action for Callemia Sinensis and further support its role as a chemopreventive agents.
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Diltiazem Hydrochloride Buccal Tablets
Authors: Sabri Lubna A. 
Published: April 2022

Mucoadhesive tablets for buccal administration of diltiazem hydrochloride were prepared as an alternative to available diltiazem HCl dosage forms. Two types of tablets were developed each containing two mucoadhesive components (hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose HPMC and sodium alginate) and (HPMC and carbopol) for each types, batches were produced by changing quantity of polymer. The formulations were tested for mucoadhesive performance and release pattern. In vitro bioadhesive strength studies showed that the HPMC/carbopol formulations were more bioadhesive and less drug release rate compared with HPMC/alginate formulations. Increasing the content of HPMC in HPMC/alginate tablets resulted in increase in detachment forces and swelling index but lower release rates were observed. The release behavior of all formulations was non-Fickian mechanism controlled by a combination of diffusion and chain relaxation mechanisms and best fitted zero-order kinetics.The buccoadhesive diltiazem HCl tablets containing 18.75% sodium alginate and 37.5% HPMC showed suitable release kinetics (n = 0.86, K0 zero order release = 10.29 mg/h, MDT = 4.8 h) , good adhesive properties and did not show any interaction between polymers and drug based on FT-IR study.
Evaluate the antibacterial effect of Garlic (Alliumsativum) and antimicrobial susceptibility on Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from otitis media
Authors: Al-Yas Maysaa Ch. 
Published: April 2022

Twenty swab samples were taken from patients suffering from otitis infection; these samples were cultured on different agar media (blood agar base, macConky and cetramide). Several microscopical, morphological and biochemical tests were performed and results showed that 50% of isolated colony were belonged to Psudomonas aeruginosa. In addition it was found that males were more susceptible to infection with otitis than female especially at teenager aged.
Five isolates were subject to sensitivity test against several antibiotic groups. Result showed that all five isolates were resistance to pencilline, tetracycline, Cefotaxtin (100%) and (60%) of them showed resistance to cefotaxime and (40%) to chloroemphenicol and (20%) to amoxicillin while all isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test was performed for two multiple drugs resistance isolates (P1 and P2) result declared that both P1and P2 showed high-level of resistance to Cefotaxime and chloraemphenicol with MIC (128μg\ml), followed by (64μg\ml) to ampicillin while P2 was (128 μg\ml), as well as, the amoxicillin showed the lowest MIC (16 μg\ml) forP1 and (64 μg\ml) to P2.No pH effect was observed on the activity of garlic when antibacterial effect of garlic extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated at different PH. The MIC of garlic extract on Pseudomonas aeruginosa at different incubation periods was determined. Results showed that after 24hrs MIC of extract was greater than 8μg/ml for P1 isolate and 16μg/ml for P2 isolate.While, after 72rs it was found that the MIC at concentrations (32, 64 and 128 μg/ml) were more effective in inhibition growth of (P1, P2) while in (8 μg/ml) that indicated heavy growth of P. aeruginosa
Evaluation of Selenium and Chloride levels in both sera and saliva samples in renal stone former patients
Authors: Abbas Wasan Abdulkareem , Fadil Ammar , Al-Khazraji Sundus Kh. 
Published: April 2022

The study included 40 patients (27 males and 13 females) with renal and ureteric stones were submitted to lithotripsy unit in Al-Yarmook Hospital, Baghdad-Iraq, their mean ages were (39±14) and 14 apparently healthy controls were enrolled in this study their mean ages were (38±12) .The study objected to evaluate the serum and saliva levels of selenium (Se) and Chloride (Cl) in patients with stones and healthy as controls to find apossible relation between these elements and stone formation.Selenium and chloride were measured both in sera and saliva, the results showed that the mean value of serum and saliva selenium levels in stone formerpatients were statistically significant lower compared with healthy controls (p<0.0001, 0.002) respectively, while the mean value serum chloride level in stone former patients were significantly higher than healthy controls (p< 0.018).
This study showed that we can use serum and saliva selenium and serum chloride as a biomarker in renal stone former patients.
Some Variable Affecting Formulationof Tinidazole Mucoadhesive Oral Gel
Authors: Sulayman Halah T. 
Published: April 2022

Tinidazole (TZ) is an antibacterial drug used for treatment of periodentitis.More benefit may be obtained by the application of a localized oral drug delivery system consist of mucoadhesive polymers which increase the contact time between the base and the oral tissue. Different gel formulations were prepared using the bioadhesive polymers carbomer 941, sodium caroxymethylcellulose (SCMC), and guar gum. The influence of polymer type and polymers blend in varying ratio on the viscosity, bioadhesive strength, swelling index and drug release were evaluated. SCMC based gel showed fastest release in comparison with carbomer and guar gum based gel. Using polymer blend of SCMC with either carbomer or guar gum resulted in a modification of both release and physical properties. The release of TZ was decreased with increasing amount of carbomer and guar gum and decreasing amount of SCMC. And increasing the viscosity of the gel formulations resulted in a retardation effect on the release of the drug. The study also showed that formulas containing carbomer exhibited maximum swelling values with lower release rates and best mucoadhesion.
Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol ,Chlorpheniramine Maleate and Ascorbic Acid in Tablet Dosage Form by HPLC
Authors: Hasson Kahtan J. , Hamdu Hazim H. 
Published: April 2022

The mixture of paracetamol, chlorpheniramine maleate and ascorbic acid is widely used in medicine as anti flu remedy .Pharmaceutically ,this mixture isprepared as a tablet by different manufacturers and it has good reputation in the market .However, this drug mixture is still non-official in pharmacopoiea, butthe USP has described a non specific method of HPLC for the mixture of paracetamol with antihistamine and other antitussive drugs .
Application of the USP- HPLC method was found unreliable for the analysis of tablet containing this drug mixture of three components, since different chromatographic conditions should be applied for each component. Some workers also prescribed a method of analysis by specific procedure for each component individually after previous extraction, which rather long and tedious.In this work; an HPLC method was developed by using the reversed phase mode of chromatography (ODS column) and a mobile phase consists of ammonium phosphate 0.1M and methanol 20% .the peaks of three components of the studied mixture were well separated and the retention times of ascorbic acid ,chlorpheniramine maleate and paracetamol were 2.10,2.76 and 6.60 Minutes respectively and the whole analysis was accomplished in 10 minutes.The accuracy and precision of this method were approved for the quantitative analysis of each component of the mixture.
The Effect of Smoking on the Some Trace Elements and Cortisol Hormone Concentration in Serum
Authors: Elewi Ali Saad 
Published: April 2022

The effect of different doses of smoking on the some trace elements (Se, Zn, Pb, Cu) and cortisol hormone concentration have been studied.Four groups of smokers were used in this study to investigate the effect of smoking in trace element and cortisol hormone concentration in smokers andcompare the finding with nonsmokers group (control group). Mean values of cortisol hormone concentration in group I (consumed 10- 20 cigar per day with 0.4mg nicotine/cigar) were found to be significantly higher (p 0.01) in comparison with the value of control group and high significantly higher (p 0.001) in group II who consumed 10-20 cigar per day with 0.8 mg nicotine/cigar, and high significantly higher (p 0.001) in group III, IV (consumed 40 or more cigar per day with 0.4 and 0.8 mg nicotine/cigar, respectively).Serum selenium concentrations in smokers were below control group among all smoker groups, and the concentrations of selenium were depression increasing with increasing doses of smoking and nicotine in cigar.Significantly increase in concentration of Cu (p 0.001) in group III, IV in comparison with control group while non significant increase (p 0.05) in group I, II.No effect of smoking in the concentration of Zn in serum of all smoker groups.Pb serum concentration in smoker were found to be higher than control group, and the increasing in pb concentration proportion with increasing dosesof smoking and nicotine in cigar.
The Effect of Clinical Examination and Kennedy Classification on the Design of Removable Partial Dentures
Authors: Ali Suliman M. , Namat Zenna N. , Ahmed Azhar 
Published: April 2022

The success of Removable Partial Dentures (RPD) depends greatly on it's design, (which means acrylic, Cobalt- Chromium [co-ch], and fixed).But unfortunately many dentists delegate their responsibility of RPDS design to the dental technician for one reason or another, this study was done to confirm the effect of kennedy classification and clinical examination on the RPD design, and to identify the changes between design of group (A) dental technician and group (B) the dentists, and to be solved in future.
The result show 36% of the cases were modified and changed according to the cases related variables this high and significant number of modification reinforces the position that RPD design should be decided and guided by the dentists. The study conducted the effects of kennedy classification and clinical examination on the RPD design by comparing between designs group of Dental technician without clinical examination and designs marked by the dentists after providing the clinical examination, the change of design was clearly proved that the clinical examination played a very important role in changing the RPD designs.
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Ibraheem Khalida Jhalil 
Published: April 2022

The aim of the present study was to determine the microbiological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of organisms isolated from diabetic foot ulcers.Pus and debrided tissue samples from 46 patients with diabetic foot ulcers collected and processed.Bacterial isolates were identified by using different microscopical examination, cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Sensitivity tests were performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Out of 46 patients , male (73.9%) were found to be affected and develop foot infection more than female (26.1%) while type two diabetes mellitus (65.2%) more susceptibility for infection than type one (34.8%).Gram- negative bacteria were most frequently isolated (42%), followed by gram-positive aerobes and anaerobes (30.4% and 27.6% respectively).Predominant aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (17.1%) and Peptostreptococcus spp (8.6%), respectively. All the microorganisms isolated showed high resistance to used antibiotics; susceptibility of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria to ceftizoxime was (100%), so we suggest this drug for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers
Epidemiological study of Giardiasis and its impact on children blood picture
Authors: Abdalnabi Rafid abdalwahed , Sabih Bakr farouk 
Published: April 2022

A total of 106 blood samples and 350 fecal samples were collected from children for the period from beginning of June till the end of November 2010 forthis study. The higher infection of Giardia. lamblia was 49.35% in patients visit Abughraib hospital while the lowest was 26.11% patients visit central healthlaboratories. There is no significant difference noticed between two sexes (male, female) the infected rate in male was 31.42%, while in female 32.14% . This study showed the relation between infection rate and the age, the age of 6-10 years old showed highest infection rate were 66.66% while the lowest rate of infection 4.08 % at age of 1-3months.The study showed a clear effect of Giardiasis on rate of packed cell volume it was in infected children 39.14 % while in non infected 31.91% There is also effect of Giardiasis on rate of children hemoglobin it was in infected 11.87gm /100 microlitter while in non infected was 10.05gm/100 microlitter.This study showed effect of Giardiasis on Total white blood cells it were in infected children 700 Cells/microlitters while in non infected were 785 cells/microlitter.
New Technique use to differentiate between Pseudo and true coagulase Activity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Different infected Sites in Patients from Baghdad Hospitals
Authors: Al-Araji Mohammed kadum 
Published: April 2022

A total of 300 strains of Staphylococci isolated from various pathological sites of infection from different hospitals; these specimens derived from cases ofhuman infections were tested for staphylocoagulase activity.
Test systems employing normal citrated rabbit plasma and the same substrate supplemented with inhibitors of thrombin and proteolytic enzymes (but notinfluencing the staphylocoagulase activity) were used for testing suspensions of bacteria and cell-free culture supernatants. A total of 200 strains clotted normal rabbit plasma; however addition of Trasylol and heparine resulted in positive results in 100 strains, whereas plasma supplemented with Trasylol and hirudin was coagulated definitely by only 70 strains.It is postulated that proteolytic enzymes of staphylococci interfere with staphylocoagulase-induced clotting and may simulate coagulase-positve activity of staphylococci.To avoid such false results, attest system for detection of sse shtaphylocoagulaould include proteolytic enzyme inhibitors The purpose of this investigation was to verify this hypothesis by testing a collection of staphylococci strains from different sources of infections against rabbit plasma in atypical coagulase test versus the same supplemented with specific inhibitors of proteases and thrombin depending on the sever sites of infections.
Preparation of Poly (N-Cephalexin Amic Acids) as Drug Polymers
Authors: AL-Salami Firyal M.A. , G.K. Khudheyer , AL-Sharify Abbas N.M. 
Published: April 2022

In this work new monomers have been prepared such as N-Cephalexin maleamic acid M1 and N-Cephalexin citriconamic acid M2 , from reaction of Cephalexine with maleic anhydride and citraconic anhydride at room temperature using dioxane as a solvent.The new prepared monomers M1and M2 were polymerized free radically with AIBN as initiator to their corresponding poly amic acids P1 and P2. Whichwere converted to their sodium salt polymers P3 and P4 to enhance their solubility in water.The physical and chemical properties were studied; the prepared monomers and polymers were characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR and UV. Spectroscopy, theintrinsic viscosity was measured by Ostwald viscometer at 30 0C with DMF as a solvent; the drug release rate was studied. Experimental results showed that the hydrolysis of Cephalexin in alkaline medium was higher than acidic medium.
The softening point of the prepared P1 drug polymer was 130.23-138.350C with-190.17mJ as used in softing point,and softening point of the prepared P2 was 207-2200C
The Effect of Ring Size on the Biological Activity of Nitrogen Containing Compounds
Authors: K.M. Sowdani 
Published: April 2022

The biological activity of N-containing ring compounds was studied as a function of the distribution coefficient of these compounds in 1-octanol/watersystem. The reaction used to monitor activity is the detritiation of 3[H]- acetophenone in dimethylsulfoxide affected by the nitrogen bases understudy at25.0oC A strong correlation was found between the rate of detretiation of labeled acetophenone and the basicity of N-containing ring cyclic compounds. Thecorrelation coefficient and regression constant were 1.0321 and R2= 0.9415 respectively. This finding shows that similar factors were involved in both cases.Whenever these bases are part of the structure of a drug e.g., they may cause deprotonation of some alkyl groups e.g an acyl hence altering its distribution andbinding to the receptor.
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Nystatin Vaginal Gel
Authors: Khasraghi Abeer H. 
Published: April 2022

Nystatin was prepared as vaginal gels using mucoadhesive polymers to provide mucoadhesive property which in turns increase its effectiveness; different formulas were prepared which were evaluated for the in vitro drug release and for their physical properties (swelling index, viscosity, rheological behavior, pH, spreadability, and mucoadhesive characteristics). The influence of type and concentration of gelling agent [2.5 and 3.5 %w/w carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), 0.5 and 1% w/w carbopol 934 (CP 934), and 3 and 4% w/w xanthan gum], besides the effect of addition of different concentration (1, 3, 5, and 10%w/w) of tween 80 (TW.80) as a surfactant on nystatin release from the prepared gels were investigated. All the prepared formulas were observed to have accepted physical properties and with higher release amount after 5 hours in comparison with Nystatin® vaginal cream (Lifepharma, Italy).It was found that CMC containing gel produced the highest nystatin release compared with other polymer types used, also as the polymer concentration increased, the amount of nystatin released decreased. Addition of 1%w/w TW. 80 increased nystatin release, also the release from CMC containing gel was appeared to increase with increasing TW. 80 concentration (from 1 to 10% w/w), It was found that the formula containing CMC in a concentration of 2.5% w/w and TW. 80 in a concentration of 5% w/w was the formula of choice due to its optimum drug release and physical properties, rheological study revealed that this formula exhibited pseudoplastic flow with shearthinnig behavior and thixotrpy. All formulas were found to follow zero order release kinetics