bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Australian Coastal Flooding Trends and Forcing Factors
Authors: Hague Ben S. , Jones David A. , Jakob Doerte , McGregor Shayne , Reef Ruth 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUsing the new Australian National Collection of Homogenized Observations of Relative Sea Level (ANCHORS) dataset, we assess trends in Australian relative sea levels over recent decades and subsequent coastal flooding impacts. We estimate a gauge average rate of mean sea level rise over the 1966–2019 period of 1.94 mm/yr with local variations around the Australian continent. Simultaneously, the frequency of coastal flooding impacts has increased at many major Australian cities including Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth. We find that this increase is not because storm surges are getting larger or more frequent, but because tides are reaching higher levels as they rise and fall about higher mean sea levels. This demonstrates that a major shift in the processes that lead to coastal flooding is underway, arising directly from global mean sea level rise, and is consistent with findings from the United States. This suggests that new perspectives on extreme sea levels are required, so research can be more impact‐based and meet the needs of policymakers planning for these impacts. Considering extreme sea levels more broadly, we show that the seasonality of extreme sea levels is closely linked to the monthly variability in the heights of the highest tides. This framework provides a holistic assessment of coastal flood risk in Australia, based on established impact‐based methodologies.
Downward Oxidant Transport Through Europa's Ice Shell by Density‐Driven Brine Percolation
Authors: Hesse Marc A. , Jordan Jacob S. , Vance Steven D. , Oza Apurva V. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractJupiter's moon Europa is thought to have an ocean beneath its ice shell and the habitability of the internal ocean depends on the availability of redox gradients. Downward transport of radiolytic materials produced at the surface through the ice shell sets the flux of oxidants into the ocean. Here, we propose that oxidants are transported through the ice shell by the drainage of near‐surface brines formed concurrently with chaotic terrains. We estimate that Europa's porous regolith contains 3.7 × 1014 to 5.6 × 1018 mol (1.2 × 1013 − 1.8 × 1017 kg) of trapped O2. Simulations of coupled melt‐migration and eutectic phase behavior show that brines drain before they refreeze, delivering ∼85% of the surface oxidants to the ocean on timescales of 2 × 104 years. From the distribution of chaotic terrains and from Europa's surface age we estimate that brine drainage could deliver O2  to the ocean at rates of 2.0 × 106 to 1.3 × 1010 mol/yr (0.002−13.2 kg/s).
Free Energies of Fe‐O‐Si Ternary Liquids at High Temperatures and Pressures: Implications for the Evolution of the Earth's Core Composition
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Csányi Gábor , Alfè Dario , Zhang Yigang , Li Juan , Liu Jin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSolubility of oxygen and silicon in the iron‐alloying liquids is important for constraining the core composition over the Earth's history. In this study, we systematically simulated the free energies of Fe‐O‐Si ternary liquids from 3000 K, 55 GPa to 6000 K, and 330 GPa. We found that temperature and pressure have remarkable influences on the free energies, and the nonideality of mixing is important for the chemical potentials even at high temperatures. Equilibrating with SiO2 phase, Fe‐O‐Si liquids significantly enhance the solubility of Si and O simultaneously with increasing temperature. Considering the secular cooling of the Earth's core, this leads to high precipitation rates of SiO2 once it was saturated, which would efficiently drive ancient geodynamo. If the evolution of Earth's core started from an oxygen‐poor composition, later incorporations of oxygen seem to be needed to reach a core composition compatible with geophysical observations.
Functional Multi‐Scale Integration of Agricultural Nitrogen‐Budgets Into Catchment Water Quality Modeling
Authors: Yang Xiaoqiang , Rode Michael , Jomaa Seifeddine , Merbach Ines , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Soulsby Chris , Borchardt Dietrich 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDiffuse Nitrogen pollution from agriculture maintains high pressures on groundwater and aquatic ecosystems. Further mitigation requires targeted measures that reconcile agricultural interests in environmental protection. However, the agriculture‐related processes of catchment N modeling remain poorly defined due to discipline‐specific data and knowledge gaps. Using field‐experimental data, crop N uptake responses to fertilizer management were parsimoniously conceptualized and integrated into a catchment diffuse‐N model. The improved catchment modeling further facilitated integration with agricultural budget‐based assessments. The integrated analysis in a mesoscale catchment disentangled contrasting agri‐environment functional mechanisms in typically flashy chemodynamic and transport‐limited chemostatic export regimes. Moreover, the former was actively responsive to interannual climatic variability and agricultural practices; the latter exhibited drought‐induced enhancement of N enrichment, which could likely be mitigated through reduced fertilization. This interdisciplinary integration of data and methods provided an insightful evidence base for multi‐sector targeted measures, especially under cumulative impacts of changing climate and fertilizer‐use intensities.
Limited Lateral Transport Bias During Export of Sea Surface Temperature Proxy Carriers in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Rice Addison , Nooteboom Peter D. , van Sebille Erik , Peterse Francien , Ziegler Martin , Sluijs Appy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSome lipid‐biomarker‐based sea surface temperature (SST) proxies applied in the modern Mediterranean Sea exhibit large offsets from expected values, generating uncertainties in climate reconstructions. Lateral transport of proxy carriers along ocean currents prior to burial can contribute to this offset between reconstructed and expected SSTs. We perform virtual particle tracking experiments to simulate transport prior to and during sinking and derive a quantitative estimate of transport bias for alkenones and glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), which form the basis of the UK’37 and TEX86 paleothermometers, respectively. We use a simple 30‐day surface advection scenario and sinking speeds appropriate for the export of various proxy carriers (6, 12, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 md−1). For the assessed scenarios, lateral transport bias is generally small (always <0.85°C) within the Mediterranean Sea and does not substantially contribute to uncertainties in UK’37‐ or TEX86‐based SSTs.
The Three Rs: Resolving Respiration Robotically in Shelf Seas
Authors: Williams C. A. J. , Davis C. E. , Palmer M. R. , Sharples J. , Mahaffey C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOcean deoxygenation threatens ocean productivity, carbon cycling and marine ecosystems. Shelf seas are highly dynamic regions, which contributes to their high productivity and also makes monitoring and constraining their oxygen status a challenge. Here, using the temperate Celtic shelf sea (April and July 2015) as a case study, we present high‐resolution ocean glider observations of turbulence and biogeochemical parameters, demonstrating the potential of these autonomous platforms for environmental monitoring. We estimate vertical turbulent oxygen fluxes be 25% higher in summer than in spring, due to the presence of subsurface chlorophyll and associated oxygen maxima at the seasonal thermocline. We demonstrate that glider‐based estimates were able to constrain similar bottom layer respiration rates as those derived from traditional ship‐based measurements. We suggest ocean gliders are useful monitoring tools that can aid sustainable management of shelf sea ecosystems.
GPS‐Observed Elastic Deformation Due to Surface Mass Balance Variability in the Southern Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Koulali Achraf , Whitehouse Pippa L. , Clarke Peter J. , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Nield Grace A. , King Matt A. , Bentley Michael J. , Wouters Bert , Wilson Terry 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Antarctica, Global Positioning System (GPS) vertical time series exhibit non‐linear signals over a wide range of temporal scales. To explain these non‐linearities, a number of hypotheses have been proposed, among them the short‐term rapid solid Earth response to contemporaneous ice mass change. Here we use GPS vertical time series to reveal the solid Earth response to variations in surface mass balance (SMB) in the Southern Antarctic Peninsula (SAP). At four locations in the SAP we show that interannual variations of SMB anomalies cause measurable elastic deformation. We use regional climate model SMB products to calculate the induced displacement assuming a perfectly elastic Earth. Our results show a reduction of the misfit when fitting a linear trend to GPS time series corrected for the elastic response to SMB variations. Our results imply that, for a better understanding of the glacial isostatic adjustment signal in Antarctica, SMB variability must be considered.
Addendum to “Quantifying Uncertainty in Tracer‐Based Hydrograph Separations” for Three‐Component Mixing Problems
Authors: Genereux David P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWater mixing problems are common in hydrology. A 1998 paper describing uncertainty analysis in tracer‐based mixing problems is widely cited but does not present the equations needed for three‐component problems. This Commentary presents the equations needed to compute the uncertainties in the mixing fractions for a three‐component water mixing problem based on tracer data.
UGT1A1 genetic variants are associated with increases in bilirubin levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with sarilumab
Authors: Lin Nan , Damask Amy , Boyapati Anita , Hamilton Jennifer D. , Hamon Sara , Ternes Nils , Nivens Michael C. , Penn John , Lopez Alexander , Reid Jeffrey G. , Overton John , Shuldiner Alan R. , Abecasis Goncalo , Baras Aris , Paulding Charles 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSarilumab is a human monoclonal antibody against interleukin (IL)-6Rα that has been approved for the treatment of adult patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and an inadequate response or intolerance to one or more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Mild liver function test abnormalities have been observed in patients treated with sarilumab. We describe a genome-wide association study of bilirubin elevations in RA patients treated with sarilumab. Array genotyping and exome sequencing were performed on DNA samples from 1075 patients. Variants in the UGT1A1 gene were strongly associated with maximum bilirubin elevations in sarilumab-treated patients (rs4148325; p = 2.88 × 10−41) but were not associated with aminotransferase elevations. No other independent loci showed evidence of association with bilirubin elevations after sarilumab treatment. These findings suggest that most bilirubin increases during sarilumab treatment are related to genetic variation in UGT1A1 rather than underlying liver injury.
IκB-ζ signaling promotes chondrocyte inflammatory phenotype, senescence, and erosive joint pathology
Authors: Arra Manoj , Swarnkar Gaurav , Alippe Yael , Mbalaviele Gabriel , Abu-Amer Yousef 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a joint disease characterized by a poorly-defined inflammatory response that does not encompass a massive immune cell infiltration yet contributes to cartilage degradation and loss of joint mobility, suggesting a chondrocyte intrinsic inflammatory response. Using primary chondrocytes from joints of osteoarthritic mice and patients, we first show that these cells express ample pro-inflammatory markers and RANKL in an NF-κB dependent manner. The inflammatory phenotype of chondrocytes was recapitulated by exposure of chondrocytes to IL-1β and bone particles, which were used to model bone matrix breakdown products revealed to be present in synovial fluid of OA patients, albeit their role was not defined. We further show that bone particles and IL-1β can promote senescent and apoptotic changes in primary chondrocytes due to oxidative stress from various cellular sources such as the mitochondria. Finally, we provide evidence that inflammation, oxidative stress and senescence converge upon IκB-ζ, the principal mediator downstream of NF-κB, which regulates expression of RANKL, inflammatory, catabolic, and SASP genes. Overall, this work highlights the capacity and mechanisms by which inflammatory cues, primarily joint degradation products, i.e., bone matrix particles in concert with IL-1β in the joint microenvironment, program chondrocytes into an “inflammatory phenotype” which inflects local tissue damage.
Long non-coding RNA SNHG10 upregulates BIN1 to suppress the tumorigenesis and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of epithelial ovarian cancer via sponging miR-200a-3p
Authors: Lv Wei , Jia Yunlong , Wang Jiali , Duan Yuqing , Wang Xuexiao , Liu Tianxu , Hao Shuwei , Liu Lihua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most frequent and fatal gynecologic malignant tumors resulting in an unsatisfying prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of EOC. However, the profile of lncRNAs involved in EOC remains to be expanded to further improve clinical treatment strategy. In present study, we identified a novel tumor-suppressive lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 10 (SNHG10) in EOC. Kaplan–Meier analysis and COX proportional hazard progression model showed that low expression of SNHG10 was correlated with a poor prognosis of EOC patients. Overexpressing SNHG10 suppressed the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of EOC cells. Furthermore, SNHG10 was predicted to sponge miR-200a-3p in EOC cells according to the LncBase v.2 experimental module. Then, the binding of SNHG10 and miR-200a-3p was confirmed by performing quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and luciferase reporter assays. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) showed that SNHG10 and miR-200a-3p occupied the same Ago2 protein to form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). By overlapping the results from the bioinformatics algorithms, tumor-suppressor bridging integrator-1 (BIN1) was found to be a main downstream target of the SNHG10/miR-200a-3p axis. Low expression of BIN1 in EOC tissues was detected by using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Besides, BIN1 and SNHG10 expression was positively correlated in EOC tissues. By performing miRNA rescue experiments, a SNHG10/miR-200a-3p/BIN1 axis and its promoting effects on malignant behaviors and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process were verified in EOC cells. Moreover, SNHG10 overexpression significantly suppressed the tumorigenesis and EMT of EOC cells in vivo. Altogether, SNHG10 sponges miR-200a-3p to upregulate BIN1 and thereby exerting its tumor-suppressive effects in EOC. Therefore, the SNHG10/miR-200a-3p/BIN1 axis may act as a potential predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for treating EOC.
Telomerase is required for glomerular renewal in kidneys of adult mice
Authors: Montandon Margo , Hamidouche Tynhinane , Yart Lucile , Duret Lou C. , Pons Catherine , Soubeiran Nicolas , Pousse Mélanie , Cervera Ludovic , Vial Valérie , Fassy Julien , Croce Olivier , Gilson Eric , Shkreli Marina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHomeostatic renal filtration relies on the integrity of podocytes, which function in glomerular filtration. These highly specialized cells are damaged in 90% of chronic kidney disease, representing the leading cause of end-stage renal failure. Although modest podocyte renewal has been documented in adult mice, the mechanisms regulating this process remain largely unknown and controversial. Using a mouse model of Adriamycin-induced nephropathy, we find that the recovery of filtration function requires up-regulation of the endogenous telomerase component TERT. Previous work has shown that transient overexpression of catalytically inactive TERT (i-TERTci mouse model) has an unexpected role in triggering dramatic podocyte proliferation and renewal. We therefore used this model to conduct specific and stochastic lineage-tracing strategies in combination with high throughput sequencing methods. These experiments provide evidence that TERT drives the activation and clonal expansion of podocyte progenitor cells. Our findings demonstrate that the adult kidney bears intrinsic regenerative capabilities involving the protein component of telomerase, paving the way for innovative research toward the development of chronic kidney disease therapeutics.
Comprehensive assessment of systemic arteriosclerosis in relation to the ocular resistive index in acute coronary syndrome patients
Authors: Ebuchi Yasunari , Nagaoka Taiji , Fukamachi Daisuke , Kojima Keisuke , Akutsu Naotaka , Murata Nobuhiro , Saito Yuki , Kitano Daisuke , Yokota Harumasa , Yamagami Satoru , Okumura Yasuo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between ocular vascular resistance parameters, evaluated by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), and systemic atherosclerosis, renal parameters and cardiac function in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. We evaluated 53 ACS patients between April 2019 and September 2020. LSFG measured the mean blur rate (MBR) and ocular blowout time (BOT) and resistivity index (RI). 110 consequent patients without a history of coronary artery disease who visited ophthalmology as a control group. Significant positive correlations were observed between ocular RI and systemic parameters in ACS patients, including intima-media thickness (r = 0.34, P = 0.015), brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity (r = 0.41, P = 0.002), cystatin C (r = 0.32, P = 0.020), and E/e’ (r = 0.34, P = 0.013). Ocular RI was significantly higher in the ACS group than in the control group in male in their 40 s (0.37 ± 0.02 vs. 0.29 ± 0.01, P < 0.001) and 50 s (0.36 ± 0.02 vs. 0.30 ± 0.01, P = 0.01). We found that the ocular RI was associated with systemic atherosclerosis, early renal dysfunction, and diastolic cardiac dysfunction in ACS patients, suggesting that it could be a useful non-invasive comprehensive arteriosclerotic marker.
Multichannel haptic feedback unlocks prosthetic hand dexterity
Authors: Abd Moaed A. , Ingicco Joseph , Hutchinson Douglas T. , Tognoli Emmanuelle , Engeberg Erik D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLoss of tactile sensations is a major roadblock preventing upper limb-absent people from multitasking or using the full dexterity of their prosthetic hands. With current myoelectric prosthetic hands, limb-absent people can only control one grasp function at a time even though modern artificial hands are mechanically capable of individual control of all five digits. In this paper, we investigated whether people could precisely control the grip forces applied to two different objects grasped simultaneously with a dexterous artificial hand. Toward that end, we developed a novel multichannel wearable soft robotic armband to convey artificial sensations of touch to the robotic hand users. Multiple channels of haptic feedback enabled subjects to successfully grasp and transport two objects simultaneously with the dexterous artificial hand without breaking or dropping them, even when their vision of both objects was obstructed. Simultaneous transport of the objects provided a significant time savings to perform the deliveries in comparison to a one-at-a-time approach. This paper demonstrated that subjects were able to integrate multiple channels of haptic feedback into their motor control strategies to perform a complex simultaneous object grasp control task with an artificial limb, which could serve as a paradigm shift in the way prosthetic hands are operated.
PLA/Hydroxyapatite scaffolds exhibit in vitro immunological inertness and promote robust osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells without osteogenic stimuli
Authors: Bernardo Marcela P. , da Silva Bruna C. R. , Hamouda Ahmed E. I. , de Toledo Marcelo A. S. , Schalla Carmen , Rütten Stephan , Goetzke Roman , Mattoso Luiz H. C. , Zenke Martin , Sechi Antonio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBone defects stand out as one of the greatest challenges of reconstructive surgery. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) allows for the printing of 3D scaffolds tailored to the morphology and size of bone damage in a patient-specific and high-precision manner. However, FDM still suffers from the lack of materials capable of efficiently supporting osteogenesis. In this study, we developed 3D-printed porous scaffolds composed of polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite (PLA/HA) composites with high ceramic contents (above 20%, w/w) by FDM. The mechanical properties of the PLA/HA scaffolds were compatible with those of trabecular bone. In vitro degradation tests revealed that HA can neutralize the acidification effect caused by PLA degradation, while simultaneously releasing calcium and phosphate ions. Importantly, 3D-printed PLA/HA did not induce the upregulation of activation markers nor the expression of inflammatory cytokines in dendritic cells thus exhibiting no immune-stimulatory properties in vitro. Evaluations using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) showed that pure PLA scaffolds exerted an osteoconductive effect, whereas PLA/HA scaffolds efficiently induced osteogenic differentiation of MSC even in the absence of any classical osteogenic stimuli. Our findings indicate that 3D-printed PLA scaffolds loaded with high concentrations of HA are most suitable for future applications in bone tissue engineering.
Presence and absence of intrinsic magnetism in graphitic carbon nitrides designed through C–N–H building blocks
Authors: Pakornchote Teerachote , Ektarawong Annop , Sukserm Akkarach , Pinsook Udomsilp , Bovornratanaraks Thiti 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe use the first principle calculation to investigate the intrinsic magnetism of graphitic carbon nitrides (GCNs). By preserving three-fold symmetry, the GCN building blocks have been built out of different combinations between 6 components which are C atom, N atom, s-triazine, heptazine, heptazine with C atom at the center, and benzimidazole-like component. That results in 20 phases where 11 phases have been previously reported, and 9 phases are newly derived. The partial density of states and charge density have been analyzed through 20 phases to understand the origin of the presence and absence of intrinsic magnetism in GCNs. The intrinsic magnetism will be present not only because the GCNs comprising of radical components but also the $$\pi$$
π
-conjugated states are not the valence maximum to break the delocalization of unpaired electrons. The building blocks are also employed to study alloys between g-$$\hbox {C}_3\hbox {N}_4$$

C
3

N
4

and g-$$\hbox {C}_4\hbox {N}_3$$

C
4

N
3

. The magnetization of the alloys has been found to be linearly dependent on a number of C atoms in the unit cell and some magnetic alloys are energetically favorable. Moreover, the intrinsic magnetism in GCNs can be promoted or demoted by passivating with a H atom depending on the passivated positions.