bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Having a prevention regulatory focus longitudinally predicted distress and health‐protective behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Rodrigues David L. , Lopes Diniz , Balzarini Rhonda N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPeople focussed on prevention (vs. promotion) are motivated by safety and are less inclined to take risks. We tested if having a prevention (vs. promotion) focus before the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak predicted threat perceptions and health outcomes throughout the pandemic. Participants (N = 161) took part in a longitudinal study. Measures were assessed before the pandemic was declared (on November 2019, T1) and after a global pandemic was declared (on June 2020, T2). Participants who were more focussed on prevention prior to the onset of the pandemic (at T1) perceived greater risk and were more worried about contracting COVID‐19, and engaged in more preventive behaviours during the pandemic (at T2). They also reported less anxiety and felt healthier later on (at T2). Exploratory analyses revealed that enacting preventive behaviours helped people cope with pandemic‐related anxiety. Being motivated by security and enacting preventive behaviours seems to have helped people reduce anxiety over risk even during the pandemic.
Fish‐Wearable Data Snooping Platform for Underwater Energy Harvesting and Fish Behavior Monitoring
Authors: Wang Xingling , Shi Yuxiang , Yang Peng , Tao Xinglin , Li Shuyao , Lei Rui , Liu Zhaoqi , Wang Zhong Lin , Chen Xiangyu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConventional approaches to studying fish kinematics pose a great challenge for the real‐time monitoring of fish motion kinematics. Here, a multifunctional fish‐wearable data snooping platform (FDSP) for studying fish kinematics is demonstrated based on an air sac triboelectric nanogenerator (AS‐TENG) with antibacterial coating. The AS‐TENG not only can harvest energy from fish swimming but also serves as the self‐powered sensory module to monitor the swimming behavior of the fish. The peak output power generated from each swing of the fishtail can reach 0.74 mW, while its output voltage can reflect the real‐time behavior of the fishtail. The antibacterial coating on the FDSP can improve its biocompatibility and the elastic texture of the FDSP allows it to be tightly attached to fish. The wireless communication system is designed to transmit the sensory data to a cell phone, where the detailed parameters of fish motion can be obtained, including swing angle, swing frequency, and even the typical swing gestures. This FDSP has broad application prospects in underwater self‐powered sensors, wearable tracking devices, and soft robots.
Study design quality of research on dogs published in peer‐reviewed journals
Authors: Schulte Evelyn , Arlt Sebastian P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the past it has been criticised that only a low proportion of well‐designed and well‐reported studies in some medical specialities is available. The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the quality of literature about canine medicine published in peer‐reviewed journals in relation to six specific veterinary medicine specialities.MethodsA literature search was conducted and 25 studies per speciality were selected. The quality of the articles (n = 150) published between 2007 and 2019 was evaluated with a validated checklist.ResultsIn articles related to all specialities, deficits were found, such as not adequate number of animals in 60.0% of the studies. In 88.0%, information about housing and feeding of the dogs were not specified. In 69.4% of the prospective clinical studies, an ethical approval was reported, and written informed consent of the owners was obtained in 46.2%.ConclusionsThe findings revealed extensive deficits in the design and reporting of studies in canine medicine. The demand for improvement is obvious and should be addressed by authors, reviewers and journal editors in the future. Our results underline that practitioners should critically appraise the quality of literature before implementing information into practice.
Canine and feline uveal melanocytic tumours: Histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of 32 cases
Authors: Moreira Matheus Vilardo Lóes , Langohr Ingeborg Maria , Campos Marina Rios de Araújo , Ferreira Enio , Carvalho Bárbara , Blume Guilherme Reis , Montiani‐Ferreira Fabiano , Ecco Roselene 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveGross, histopathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of uveal melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and cats were investigated.SamplesThirty‐two enucleated globes with uveal melanocytic neoplasms, 27 from dogs and 5 from cats, were examined.ProceduresMorphological characteristics of uveal melanocytic neoplasms in dogs and cats were evaluated with anti‐PNL2, anti‐Melan‐A, anti‐Ki‐67, anti‐caspase‐3, and anti‐BAP1 immunomarkers. Statistical analysis was performed to compare canine melanocytomas and melanomas.ResultsThe 32 uveal neoplasms were classified as melanocytomas (19/27 in dogs) or melanomas (8/27 in dogs, 5/5 in cats). Most tumours (84%) were located in the anterior uvea. Neoplastic cells were classified as epithelioid, spindle‐shaped, mixed, or special type (balloon and signet ring cells). The percentage of cells with melanin, melanin concentration within cells, anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, mitotic count, lymphocytic inflammation, necrosis, vascular invasion, and glaucoma were also characterized. Anisocytosis, percentage of neoplastic cells with melanin, mitotic count, and indices (proliferation and apoptotic) varied significantly between canine uveal melanomas and melanocytomas; in general, melanomas had greater cell variability, were less pigmented, and had a higher mitotic count. The melanocytic origin of the neoplasms was confirmed by positive anti‐PNL2 immunolabelling (29/32) and positive anti‐Melan‐A immunolabelling (3/32). In canine uveal melanomas, anisocytosis and anisokaryosis correlated with less pigmentation and minimal pigmentation correlated with a high percentage of immunolabelling for caspase‐3.ConclusionsUveal melanocytomas were more common in dogs, and uveal melanomas were more frequent in cats. Anisocytosis, percentage of neoplastic cells with melanin, and mitotic count are important histologic characteristics of malignancy to evaluate in uveal melanocytic neoplasms. The proliferation and apoptotic indices are relevant when comparing malignant tumours with benign tumours.
The Circular Metabolic Urban Landscape
Authors: Mazzarella Chiara , Amenta Libera 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe study of the city as a living organism in constant transformation is especially linked to the investigation of its metabolic flows and their impacts on urban systems. The interplay of urban metabolic flows with the natural and anthropic landscape, including the built environment and its discarded parts, is connected in various ways. Urban Metabolism has been mainly studied by environmentalists and engineers so far, but it is recently acquiring growing significance also for urban planners, architects, and policymakers to determine and evaluate the impacts of human transformation on the human-natural ecosystem. Considering the urban landscape and the metabolism of its resources as an integrated system requires the recognition of which materials, methods, approaches, and general issues should be considered in planning and design for the transition toward a Circular Metabolic Urban Landscape. The process of transition to circular cities should necessarily involve actors from different research fields. Thus, this study aims at systematizing the recent and constantly evolving knowledge on this topic. This chapter presents a Systematic Review of the recent scientific literature by analyzing the production of the last 10 years on Urban Metabolism and Circular Economy in the context of spatial design and planning. The criteria set as a guide were made explicit through the coding of the selected papers by employing ATLAS.ti and grouping the subjects coded in five main clusters: theoretical issues, UM-specific topics, planning and design research, interdisciplinary studies and research and applications, and open issues. A semantic network links the cross-disciplinarity topics. The challenges and research topics to consider for a Circular Metabolic Urban Landscape are then considered as a set of links in the recent scientific literature selected.
Outsourced Enforcement: Improving the Public Accountability of Building Inspectors
Authors: Naderpajouh Nader , Zhang Rita Peihua , Hayes Jan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRegulatory enforcement of building safety and quality has been outsourced with a move to partially privatised building inspectors in both the UK and Australia. The Grenfell Tower fire and other near misses in Australia highlight the problems this has introduced. This chapter reviews the role of building inspectors using a public administration accountability framework and recommends structural changes to improve safety for occupants of high-rise buildings.
Outsourcing Risk Governance: Using Consultants to Deliver Regulatory Functions
Authors: Hayes Jan , Chester Lynne , King Dolruedee Kramnaimuang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Australian gas supply industry provides a case study of outsourcing by economic regulators. These regulatory agencies rely on the engagement of external consultants for technical expertise who are effectively tasked with finding ways to reduce proposed expenditure, even for safety-related items. Empirical evidence shows that economic regulators uncritically accept this advice. Such outsourcing raises the possibility of significant impact on technical regulatory outcomes.
CDNF and MANF regulate ER stress in a tissue-specific manner
Authors: Pakarinen Emmi , Lindholm Päivi , Saarma Mart , Lindahl Maria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) display cytoprotective effects in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. These endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins belong to the same protein family and function as ER stress regulators. The relationship between CDNF and MANF function, as well as their capability for functional compensation, is unknown. We aimed to investigate these questions by generating mice lacking both CDNF and MANF. Results showed that CDNF-deficient Manf−/− mice presented the same phenotypes of growth defect and diabetes as Manf−/− mice. In the muscle, CDNF deficiency resulted in increased activation of unfolded protein response (UPR), which was aggravated when MANF was ablated. In the brain, the combined loss of CDNF and MANF did not exacerbate UPR activation caused by the loss of MANF alone. Consequently, CDNF and MANF deficiency in the brain did not cause degeneration of dopamine neurons. In conclusion, CDNF and MANF present functional redundancy in the muscle, but not in the other tissues examined here. Thus, they regulate the UPR in a tissue-specific manner.
Visualization of complicated fractures by 3D-printed models for teaching and surgery: hands-on transitional fractures of the ankle
Authors: Neijhoft Jonas , Henrich Dirk , Mörs Katharina , Marzi Ingo , Janko Maren 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aims
Understanding the orientation of fracture lines and mechanisms is the essential key to sufficient surgical therapy, but there is still a lack of visualization and teaching methods in traumatology and fracture theory. 3D-printed models offer easy approach to those fractures. This paper explains the use of the teaching possibility with 3-dimensional models of transitional fractures of the ankle.

Methods and results
For generating 3D printable models, already obtained CT data were used and segmented into its different tissues, especially parts concerning the fracture. After the segmentation process, the models were produced with FFF (fused filament fabrication) printing technology. The fracture models then were used for hands-on teaching courses in AO course (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen) of pediatric traumatology in 2020 in Frankfurt. In the course fracture anatomy with typical fracture lines, approaches, and screw placement could be shown, discussed and practiced.

Conclusion
The study shows the use of 3D-printed teaching models and helps to understand complicated fractures, in this case, transitional fractures of the ankle. The teaching method can be adapted to numerous other use cases.
The listed, delisted, and sustainability of therapeutic medicines for dementia patients: the study is specific to South Korea
Authors: Lee Jong Hoon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Dementia Management Act (DMA) came into effect on August 4, 2011, in South Korea. Diagnosis and medication were rapidly performed for dementia in a short time. We investigated the cardiac effects of increased drug prescription following DMA. We observed a correlation between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and anti-AD drug (AAD) groups from 2010 to 2019 on the National Health Insurance System (NHIS) of South Korea. This study investigated the increase and decrease in deaths of AD patients with AAD. We analysed the mortality per 100,000 population with the R2 Calculator. Moreover, we made the up or down datum line for the simple decision on the listed, delisted, and sustainable drug examined by a linear equation and R2. We observed that life expectancy was diminished by AAD in Sorokdo National Hospital. In the NHIS, donepezil and rivastigmine increased the number of deaths decided on R2 > 0.75. Memantine was sustainable. We could not decide on galantamine because it is one of the other groups. We made a straightforward decision-maker of delisted, listed, or sustainable criteria based on mortality and datum line.
Mean Curvature Flow in Null Hypersurfaces and the Detection of MOTS
Authors: Roesch Henri , Scheuer Julian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe study the mean curvature flow in 3-dimensional null hypersurfaces. In a spacetime a hypersurface is called null, if its induced metric is degenerate. The speed of the mean curvature flow of spacelike surfaces in a null hypersurface is the projection of the codimension-two mean curvature vector onto the null hypersurface. We impose fairly mild conditions on the null hypersurface. Then for an outer un-trapped initial surface, a condition which resembles the mean-convexity of a surface in Euclidean space, we prove that the mean curvature flow exists for all times and converges smoothly to a marginally outer trapped surface (MOTS). As an application we obtain the existence of a global foliation of the past of an outermost MOTS, provided the null hypersurface admits an un-trapped foliation asymptotically.
FungalTraits vs. FUNGuild: Comparison of Ecological Functional Assignments of Leaf- and Needle-Associated Fungi Across 12 Temperate Tree Species
Authors: Tanunchai Benjawan , Ji Li , Schroeter Simon Andreas , Wahdan Sara Fareed Mohamed , Hossen Shakhawat , Delelegn Yoseph , Buscot François , Lehnert Ann-Sophie , Alves Eliane Gomes , Hilke Ines , Gleixner Gerd , Schulze Ernst-Detlef , Noll Matthias , Purahong Witoon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recently, a new annotation tool “FungalTraits” was created based on the previous FUNGuild and FunFun databases, which has attracted high attention in the scientific community. These databases were widely used to gain more information from fungal sequencing datasets by assigning fungal functional traits. More than 1500 publications so far employed FUNGuild and the aim of this study is to compare this successful database with the recent FungalTraits database. Quality and quantity of the assignment by FUNGuild and FungalTraits to a fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS)–based amplicon sequencing dataset on amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were addressed. Sequencing dataset was derived from leaves and needles of 12 temperate broadleaved and coniferous tree species. We found that FungalTraits assigned more functional traits than FUNGuild, and especially the coverage of saprotrophs, plant pathogens, and endophytes was higher while lichenized fungi revealed similar findings. Moreover, ASVs derived from leaves and needles of each tree species were better assigned to all available fungal traits as well as to saprotrophs by FungalTraits compared to FUNGuild in particular for broadleaved tree species. Assigned ASV richness as well as fungal functional community composition was higher and more diverse after analyses with FungalTraits compared to FUNGuild. Moreover, datasets of both databases showed similar effect of environmental factors for saprotrophs but for endophytes, unidentical patterns of significant corresponding factors were obtained. As a conclusion, FungalTraits is superior to FUNGuild in assigning a higher quantity and quality of ASVs as well as a higher frequency of significant correlations with environmental factors.
Changes in Spanish lifestyle and dietary habits during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Casas Rosa , Raidó-Quintana Blanca , Ruiz-León Ana María , Castro-Barquero Sara , Bertomeu Isabel , Gonzalez-Juste Jordi , Campolier Marta , Estruch Ramon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The COVID-2019 pandemic forced many governments to declare the “to stay at home” which encouraged social distancing and isolation among citizens. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary and lifestyle habit changes that occurred during home confinement in Spain.

Methods
An European online survey was launched in April 2020. This included 70 questions on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, dietary habits, including key Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) foods. A total of 945 Spanish adults from 1268 European that completed the online survey were included in the analysis.

Results
Most of the Spanish participants adopted healthier dietary habits during home lockdown, which was translated to a higher MedDiet adherence. However, a negative impact on physical activity levels, sleep quality or smoking rates was observed. Low MedDiet adherence was associated with a higher risk of weight gain (OR = 1.53, CI 1.1–2.1; p = 0.016), while no snacking between meals reduced the risk by 80% (OR = 0.20, CI 0.09–0.45, p < 0.001) and eating more quantity, considering portion size, increased body weight gain risk almost sixfold more.

Conclusion
To conclude, although dietary habits were improved during home lockdown, certain unhealthy behaviours (e.g. increased snacking between meals, increased food intake, and an increase in sedentary behaviour) were increased.
Long-term growth patterns of vestibular schwannomas after stereotactic radiotherapy: delayed re-growth
Authors: Conlan Owen , Kontorinis Georgios 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the long-term outcomes of patients with vestibular schwannomas (VS) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) who experience delayed tumour regrowth.

Methods
We carried out a retrospective case series in tertiary university settings. We included patients with VS with initial response to SRS and delayed regrowth, assessing a database of 735 patients with VS and 159 patients who had SRS as sole treatment. Following SRS, all patients had clinical follow-up and serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We documented the post-SRS clinical assessment, pre- and post-SRS VS size as per MRI in predetermined time periods, response to treatment and rate of (re-) growth and the final outcome in each case.

Results
We identified six patients with good initial response but delayed VS regrowth at a faster rate than pre-SRS. The mean growth rate for these VS was 0.347 mm/month (range 0.04–0.78 mm/month) prior to treatment; the mean growth rate at the time of delayed re-growth was 0.48 mm/month (range 0.17–0.75 mm/month); this did not reach the level of statistical significance (p = 0.08). This regrowth occurred at a mean time of 42 months (range 36–66 months) post-SRS and stopped 22 months (mean, range 12–36 months) post regrowth detection in all cases.

Conclusions
Given that delayed post-SRS VS regrowth can occur in approximately 4% of the treated cases, it is important to continue close clinical and radiological follow-up. Despite this abnormal behaviour, VS do stop growing again; still, patients should be made aware of the possibility of this uncommon VS behaviour following SRS.
Ectoparasite load of small mammals in the Serengeti Ecosystem: effects of land use, season, host species, age, sex and breeding status
Authors: Shilereyo M. , Magige F. , Ranke P. S. , Ogutu J. O. , Røskaft E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEctoparasite load in small mammals can be influenced by both environmental conditions and host species characteristics. However, the nature of these influences is poorly understood in many ecosystems. We used zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression models with a log link function to assess variation in ectoparasite load among 19 small mammal host species across different land uses (protection in a park, pastoralism and agriculture), habitat types, seasons, age classes, sexes and breeding statuses. We collected 4258 ectoparasites from 612 individual belonging to 19 different species of small mammals. The average ectoparasite load per individual was higher in the pastoral and agricultural lands than in the National Park. Ectoparasite load varied among species and was the highest for the four common and generalist small mammal species (Aethomyssp.,Arvicanthis niloticus,Mastomys natalensis, andGerbilliscus vicinus), most notably in the disturbed pastoral and agricultural lands. It was also higher in the dry than the wet season and for adult males than adult females. These patterns partly reflect the greater mobility of small mammals in the drier conditions; in addition the large body size and home range of males increase the likelihood of encountering parasites. Human disturbance was associated with elevated ectoparasitic load among the small mammals and hence elevated risk of transmission of ectoparasites to humans. As a result, understanding the effect of habitat disturbance on ectoparasite load and its link to zoonotic disease risk should be an important conservation goal and public health priority. Moreover, effective pest control strategies should consider variation in ectoparasite load with land use, habitat type, season and species characteristics.