bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub‐Nanoporous Engineered Fibrous Aerogel Molecular Sieves with Nanogating Channels for Reversible Molecular Separation
Authors: Zhang Feng , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGating molecular separation using artificial sub‐nanoporous molecular sieves is highly desirable in large‐scale chemical and energy processing, such as gas separation, hydrogen recovery, carbon dioxide capture, seawater desalination, etc. However, it has remained an insurmountable challenge to create such materials. Herein, a binary meso‐reconstruction strategy to develop biomimetic sub‐nanoporous engineered aerogel molecular sieves (NAMSs) with reversible nanogating channels is demonstrated, in which sub‐1 nm pores (≈7 Å) provide coupling size‐thermodynamic gated functions that enable molecule discrimination and trapping in a reversible manner. The NAMSs show polarity‐reversible adsorption in which adsorbate molecules are discriminated by each gate‐admission sponge‐fiber molecular sieve, facilitating size/interface synergistically induced selective separation of 1,3,5‐trimethyl benzene/ethylene glycol with high separation factor and fast adsorption rate. The nanogating aerogel molecular sieves with molecularly defined sub‐1 nm nanoporous architecture (≈7 Å), Murray's law hierarchical channels, ultrahigh surface area (686 m2 g−1), and robust self‐supporting characteristics define a new benchmark for both aerogels and molecular sieves, exhibiting great potential in diversified on‐demand molecular separations that are prevalent in chemical, energy, and environmental processes.
Antimicrobial drug resistance against Escherichia coli and its harmful effect on animal health
Authors: Arbab Safia , Ullah Hanif , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Jiyu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMultidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria is imperilling the worth of antibiotic infection, which has become an emerging problem, which previously transformed the veterinary sciences. Since its discovery, many antibiotics have been effective in treating bacterial infections in animals. Escherichia coli, a bacterium, is one of the reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes in a community. The current use of antibiotics and demographic factors usually increase multidrug resistance. Genetically, the continuous adoption of environmental changes by E. coli allows it to acquire many multidrug resistance. During the host's life, antimicrobial resistance rarely poses a threat to the E. coli strain and pressure, similar to that of a flexible animal lower intestine. In this review, we describe the E. coli antibiotic drug–resistance mechanism driving transmission, the causes of transmission and the harmful effects on animal health.
Selective IgA deficiency and presumptive polyclonal spike in the beta fraction in a dog with leishmaniosis
Authors: Villanueva‐Saz Sergio , Martinez‐Lostao Luis , Yzuel Andres , Fernández Antonio , Verde Maite 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA 1‐year‐old, entire, crossbred, female dog examined for apathy, lethargy, unilateral nosebleed of 2‐month duration and the presence of symmetrical ulcerative dermatitis (small ulcers covered by a haemorrhagic crust and surrounded by alopecia on the tip of the ear pinna). Laboratory alterations included anaemia and hyperglobulinemia with a presumptive polyclonal spike in the beta fraction. High antibody levels to Leishmania infantum were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. An anti‐Leishmania therapeutic protocol was established and a reduction of the anti‐Leishmania antibodies was detected by an end point sera dilution enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay during the first weeks of therapeutic protocol, while C‐reactive protein concentration was reduced during the period of time when meglumine antimoniate was administered. A good clinical response to the treatment was detected after initiating the anti‐Leishmania treatment. Quantitative serology is useful in the short‐term, because using a two‐fold serial dilution technique correlates with the clinical response.
The gap in technology for visitor experience in a zoo: A case study in Indonesia
Authors: Prakoso Wahyu Catur , Boonchai Chantinee , Beeton Robert J. S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTechnology has routinely been used in zoos to enhance the visitor experience, for public education and for conservation awareness. However, studies into technology‐aided exhibits in zoos have thus far been limited to zoos in western society. This article reports on an Indonesian zoo deploying new technology in its exhibits and how visitors interacted with these exhibits. A case study guided both an investigation of the visitors' technology usage of zoo exhibits and zoo implementation of technological processes. Interviews with visitors, zoo staff, and managers were conducted and analyzed and these were supplemented with on‐site observations. The results indicated that the majority of zoo visitors did not use the technological applications provided by the zoo. In addition, there was found to be a significant lack of staff engagement in the consultation, design, implementation, and maintenance of the technology. Correlations were found between visitors' level of technology usage, their reading of signage, their day‐to‐day technology usage, and their conservation knowledge. The findings suggest that an understanding of visitor' behavior, active staff engagement in the development and implementation of new technology, in addition to emotion‐inducing interpretation, and purposefully guided interactions, could increase the use of technology at a zoo and thus enhance positive visitor engagement, ultimately resulting in heightened educational as well as conservational outcomes.
Impact of animal programming on children's attitudes toward local wildlife
Authors: Jerger Ashton D. , Acker Michele , Gibson Stormy , Young Anna M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAttitudes toward wildlife can have direct implications on children's interest in conservation behaviors. Animal programs are an example of interactive, educational experiences that have the potential to change attitudes by providing individuals the opportunity to get close to animal ambassadors and participate in engaging conversations about them. We conducted an animal program assessment with summer camps at the Ohio Wildlife Center to quantify changes in children's affiliation with local wildlife and their willingness to live near local wildlife. Campers showed an overall increase in affiliation and willingness scores from before to after an animal program, although with a small effect size. Overall willingness scores were lower than affiliation scores, but there was a significantly larger increase in willingness following the program. We found a strong correlation between affiliation and willingness scores. Overall, the study found that these animal programs positively influenced children's attitudes toward local wildlife and increased their willingness to live near them, suggesting animal programming could be used to decrease human‐wildlife conflict. Visually seeing animals in the programs improved attitude scores, even for those not seen in this study, which suggests that program animals can act as an ambassador for other species. This opens the potential for utilizing animal ambassadors as powerful tools in conservation education about threatened and endangered species.
Media Discourses on Gender in the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic in Zimbabwe
Authors: Tshuma Bhekizulu Bethaphi , Tshuma Lungile Augustine , Ndlovu Nonhlanhla 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMedia institutions always have a public obligation to disseminate news that is fair, balanced and gender sensitive, more so in times of crisis. Within the context of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic, it is important that media provide a diverse, balanced and gender sensitive coverage that reflects existing inequalities in a society rather than merely prioritising statistics of the infection and its death rates. Informed by poststructuralist feminist theory and normative roles of the media, this chapter investigates the discursive parameters of gendered media discourses within the context of COVID-19. This chapter presents results from a case study of two main daily newspapers—theChronicleandNewsDay—circulating in the country by investigating their representation of gender. Findings indicate that while there was generally more coverage of issues affecting women, both newspapers reinforced deeply rooted biases in their reporting. The findings further show that the emphasis was on gender-based violence with statistics indicating that it was on the rise during lockdown. We argue that newspapers must always strive for sensitive reporting that challenges hierarchical gender relations if the transformative potential of the media is to be realised.
Face-to Face with COVID-19: Experiences of Ghanaian Frontline Journalists Infected with the Virus
Authors: Boateng Kodwo Jonas Anson , Buatsi Redeemer 
Published: May 2022

AbstractJournalists around the world have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, media houses have had to make drastic adjustments to the impact of challenges wrought by the pandemic on their operations. Ghanaian media houses also faced similar challenges and disruptions. News reporters and journalists felt the impact of these disruptions with many Ghanaian journalists losing their jobs. This study used affective-emotive theoretical perspective to examine how the possibility of contracting COVID-19 could affect or trigger emotions of fear and anxiety among Ghanaian journalists. The study set two main objectives (1) what workplace safety policies and protocol guidelines were established in newsrooms to mitigate the spread of the virus and (2) to what extent did journalists fear for the safety and well-being of close family members because of their journalism work. The study conducted in-depth unstructured interviews with five journalists who had recovered from the COVID-19 infections. The study found that despite high degrees of fear and anxiety among respondents about on-assignments and workplace infections, respondents still maintained ‘emotional detachment’ to attain objectivity in news reporting. Respondents also expressed high degrees of fear of exposing family members to the virus.
Landscapes of Lifelong Learning Policies Across Europe: Conceptual Lenses
Authors: Benasso Sebastiano , Cefalo Ruggero , Tikkanen Jenni 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe chapter provides an overview of the main theoretical perspective applied in the analysis of the case studies presented in second part of the book. The frameworks of life course research, Cultural Political Economy, and governance are thus reconstructed considering their integration with the opportunity structures perspective. Specifically, the notions of discursive and institutional opportunity structure are questioned, introducing the third dimension of relational opportunity structure.
Exploring Young Adults’ Lifelong Learning Policy Participation Styles: Comparative Perspectives from Finland, Scotland, and Spain
Authors: Tikkanen Jenni , Jacovkis Judith , Vanderhoven Ellen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we explore the meanings and motivations young adults attach to their participation in lifelong learning (LLL) policies and aim to identify LLL policy “participation styles” among young people in three functional regions across Europe: Kainuu in Finland, Aberdeen City and Aberdeenshire Region in Scotland, and Girona in Catalonia, Spain. We examine the participation styles in relation to young adults’ displayed agency, social background and resources, and previous life course progression, as well as the different policies and regional opportunity structures. The analysis is based on biographical interviews with young adults and thematic interviews with LLL policy experts. We identified four distinct participation styles based on the examined dimensions at both individual and policy levels. Furthermore, an additional pattern emerged from the data, as some young adults were able to alter the conditions of a given policy to meet their individual needs in a way that was not institutionally foreseen. In general, the ways in which young adults orient to LLL policies and adopt particular participation styles relate to two key dimensions: young adults’ agentic capacities and the levels of (formal or hidden) leeway policies offer to young people for adapting participation to their subjective needs and goals.
The Assault on Reason, Part Two: A Deeper Analysis
Authors: Mitroff Ian I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the same set of arguments that were presented in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-99808-0_1 but from a very different perspective. Namely, we’re dealing with forces that lie much deeper in the human Psyche. They are fundamentally the products of Disturbed and Distorted Thinking. For instance, the assertion that “I and I alone know what’s best for me and my body” is the quintessence of Narcissism. For another, the contention that the Government has surreptitiously placed microchips in the vaccines so that it can track our every whereabouts and thoughts, and thereby control them, is a clear-cut case of outright Paranoia.
Neurowissenschaften
Authors: Dreher Lena 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungNachdem wir in Kapitel 3 die Verhaltensökonomie betrachtet haben, werfen wir nun einen Blick auf die andere Seite der Neuroökonomie, auf die kognitiven Neurowissenschaften. Zunächst beschäftigen wir uns kurz mit der Historie der kognitiven Neurowissenschaften, die uns Einblick in die Entwicklung der Fragestellungen gewähren wird. Dieser Überblick wird uns dabei helfen, in Abschnitt 4.2 zu verstehen, was die kognitiven Neurowissenschaftler heute antreibt. Abschnitt 4.3 liefert dann einen Überblick über heute gebräuchliche empirische Methoden, mit deren Hilfe diese Fragen beantwortet werden sollen.
Die neuroökonomische Zusammenarbeit
Authors: Dreher Lena 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden wir sehen, wie die Verhaltensökonomie und die kognitiven Neurowissenschaften in der Neuroökonomie zusammenarbeiten. Welchen Beitrag bringen die Verhaltensökonomen ein, welchen die kognitiven Neurowissenschaftler? Wie arbeiten sie zusammen, wie profitieren sie gegenseitig? Diese Fragen werden wir, wieder getrennt nach den Ursprungswissenschaften, in den folgenden beiden Unterkapiteln betrachten.
Schluss
Authors: Dreher Lena 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungNachdem wir uns einige Kritikpunkte und Probleme der Neuroökonomie angeschaut haben, bleibt die Frage, wie sich das Verhältnis von Ökonomen und Neurowissenschaftlern entwickeln wird. Denn davon hängt die künftige Entwicklung der Neuroökonomie als Wissenschaft ab. Werfen wir also einen Blick auf zukünftige Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten für die neuroökonomische Zusammenarbeit.
A Model for Bridging the Gender Gap in STEM in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: García-Holgado Alicia , García-Peñalvo Francisco José 
Published: May 2022

Abstract Women present a historic and worrying gap in science and technology-related disciplines, generally knowns as STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), except in the case of health professions. A holistic approach is needed to support policymakers worldwide in bridging the gender gap in STEM, in which higher education institutions have a crucial role. Promoting this active implication of the universities in this problem, in the European project Building the future of Latin America: engaging women into STEM (W-STEM), a model to modernise the government, management and operation of higher education institutions in Latin America to improve attraction, access to and retention of women in STEM programs has been developed. This situation is not exclusive to Latin American countries, it is a global problem, so the results of the W-STEM project are also applicable to European partners and transferrable worldwide. The main goal of this chapter is to describe the W-STEM model based on three years of working on strategies and mechanisms to improve the attraction, access, guidance, and retention processes to engage more women in STEM programs. The model has been thoroughly tested in eleven institutions in Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Mexico, involving public and private institutions with different gender equality situations.
Making and Taking Leadership in the Promotion of Gender Desegregation in STEM
Authors: Heikkinen Mervi , Harmoinen Sari , Keiski Riitta , Matinmikko-Blue Marja , Pihlajaniemi Taina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn 2016, the United Nations (UN) Member States adopted a decision on the role of the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in encouraging girls and women to be leaders in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and in science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM). This decision poses a special challenge for many sectors in society and posits unique opportunities for women’s leadership in higher education institutions (HEIs). This chapter opens by presenting views on overcoming gender segregation in STEM. The roles of women in leadership positions in the higher education STEM research areas of a large multidisciplinary university in a Nordic country are explored. The unique paths in which four of these women have progressed in their profession, position, and promotion of equality through their diverse and multiple roles within their HEI are examined. From this collection, intertwined opportunities in assuming leadership in the promotion of gender desegregation in STEM are identified on a micropolitical levels. The chapter concludes by elaborating institutional strategies and synergies for overcoming gender segregation in higher education STEM fields from the perspective of leadership. This chapter ends with an annexed declaration useful for local policy development and practical action.
Observations on holographic aspects of four-dimensional asymptotically flat $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 black holes
Authors: Aniceto Pedro , Cardoso Gabriel Lopes , Nampuri Suresh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this note, we explore holographic attributes of four-dimensional near-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole solutions in ungauged $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supergravity theories at the two-derivative level by recasting them as a specific first-order deformation in solution space, associated with an infinitesimal Harrison transformation, of black holes in an AdS2 space-time. Specifically, we use this link to exhibit how bulk properties, such as mass and entropy, of four-dimensional near-extremal black holes are holographically encoded in the one-dimensional boundary theory dual to gravity in an infinitesimally deformed AdS2 space-time. We do so for the case of four-dimensional near-extremal black holes that arise as deformations in solution space of BPS black holes by changing the non-extremality parameter. For these near-extremal black holes, we further show that the nAdS2 attractor mechanism can be recast as a specific deformation of the BPS flow equations in four dimensions. Additionally, we also discuss time-dependent perturbations of the four-dimensional near-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom solutions from a two-dimensional point of view.
Refined topological amplitudes from the Ω-background in string theory
Authors: Angelantonj Carlo , Antoniadis Ignatios , Florakis Ioannis , Jiang Hongliang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It was recently shown that the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 string topological amplitudes in the heterotic weak coupling limit generate a six-dimensional Melvin space, providing a description of the Ω-background in string theory, where string propagation can be exactly studied. In this work, we generalise the analysis to the refined case of the Ω-background with two independent deformation parameters. The Melvin space is now ten-dimensional and is extended by an action on the internal K3 compactification manifold of the heterotic superstring, corresponding to an SU(2)R rotation in the field theory description. We identify the class of heterotic topological amplitudes realising this background as the scattering of two anti-self-dual gravitons and arbitrary numbers of anti-self-dual graviphotons, self-dual vector fields of the dilaton multiplet, together with self-dual magnetic fluxes along the K3. In the field theory limit, our result correctly reproduces the perturbative part of the Nekrasov free energy in the case where both equivariant parameters are turned on.
Novel semi-circle law and Hall sliding in a strongly interacting electron liquid
Authors: Jokela Niko , Järvinen Matti , Lippert Matthew 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We study a strongly interacting, fermionic fluid in the presence of an applied magnetic field using a holographic framework. At low temperatures, translation symmetry is spontaneously broken and the resulting phase is a striped Hall fluid. Due to the magnetic field, an electric field applied parallel to the stripes causes the stripes to slide, a phenomenon we coin “Hall sliding.” We also investigate the magneto-transport of the system in the presence of an explicit translation symmetry-breaking lattice which pins the stripes. Electrical properties are well represented by a hydrodynamical model, which gives us further insight into particle-like cyclotron and pseudo-Goldstone excitations we observe. The DC conductivities obey a novel semi-circle law, which we derive analytically in the translationally invariant ground state at low temperature.
Models for self-resonant dark matter
Authors: Kim Seong-Sik , Lee Hyun Min , Zhu Bin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We consider a new mechanism for enhancing the self-scattering and annihilation cross sections for dark matter with multiple components but without a light mediator. The lighter dark matter component plays a role of the u-channel pole in the elastic co-scattering for dark matter, leading to a large self-scattering cross section and a Sommerfeld enhancement for semi-annihilation processes. Taking the effective theory approach for self-resonant dark matter, we present various combinations of multiple dark matter components with spins and parities, showing a u-channel pole in the co-scattering processes. Adopting dark photon and dark Higgs portals for self-resonant dark matter, we impose the relic density condition as well as indirect detection bounds on semi-annihilation channels with a Sommerfeld enhancement and discuss potential signals for direct detection experiments.
The effect of neighbourhood and spatial crime rates on mental wellbeing
Authors: Pak Anton , Gannon Brenda 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper attempts to provide new evidence on the indirect cost of neighbourhood crime rates on mental wellbeing of residents. Crime places a heavy burden on the economy, and it receives significant attention from the public. Yet, the connection between crime and health for victims and non-victims is not well captured in the literature. Using spatial methodology, we differentiate the effect on mental wellbeing of residents due to the crime rates in their immediate neighbourhood (local) and crime rates in the surrounding areas (spatial). The main innovation of the paper is to use these crime rates at small geographical level (around 8500 residents) to better translate the changes in crime in the neighbourhoods and their effects on a person’s mental wellbeing. This is different to other studies that looked at crime incidences in larger geographical units. Our estimation results show that the increase in local and spatial crime rates against the property negatively affect the mental wellbeing of residents. The negative impact of spatial crime rates against the person is also present and is 6.7 times larger than the effect of property crime rates.