bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the long-term survival beneficiary of preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer in the TME era
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhong Xiaohong , Lin Huaqin , Zhang Xueqing , Shao Lingdong , Chen Gang , Wu Junxin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study was to verify the long-term survival efficacy of preoperative radiotherapy (preRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients and identify potential long-term survival beneficiary. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, 7582 LARC patients were eligible for this study between 2011 and 2015 including 6066 received preRT and 1516 received surgery alone. Initial results showed that preRT prolonged the median overall survival (OS) of LARC patients (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75–0.98, P < 0.05), and subgroup analysis revealed that patients with age > 65 years, stage III, T3, T4, N2, tumor size > 5 cm, tumor deposits, and lymph nodes dissection (LND) ≥ 12 would benefit more from preRT (all P < 0.05). A prognostic predicting nomogram was constructed using the independent risk factors of OS identified by multivariate Cox analysis (all P < 0.05), which exhibited better prediction of OS than the 8th American Joint Cancer Committee staging system on colorectal cancer. According to the current nomogram, patients in the high-risk subgroup had a shorter median OS than low-risk subgroup (HR 2.62, 95% CI 2.25–3.04, P < 0.001), and preRT could benefit more high-risk patients rather than low-risk patients. Hence, we concluded that preRT might bring long-term survival benefits to LARC patients, especially those with high risk.
Performance after training in a complex cognitive task is enhanced by high-definition transcranial random noise stimulation
Authors: Chenot Quentin , Hamery Caroline , Lepron Evelyne , Besson Pierre , De Boissezon Xavier , Perrey Stéphane , Scannella Sébastien 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInterest for neuromodulation, and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) in particular, is growing. It concerns patients rehabilitation, but also healthy people who want or need to improve their cognitive and learning abilities. However, there is no consensus yet regarding the efficacy of tRNS on learning and performing a complex task. In particular, the most effective electrode montage is yet to be determined. Here, we examined the effect of two different tRNS montages on learning rate, short- and long-term performance in a video game (Space Fortress) that engages multiple cognitive abilities. Sixty-one participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups (sham vs. simple-definition tRNS vs. high-definition tRNS) in a double-blind protocol. Their performance on the Space Fortress task was monitored during a 15-day experiment with baseline (day 1), stimulation (day 2 to 4), short- (day 5) and long-term (day 15) evaluations. Our results show that the high-definition tRNS group improved more on the long term than simple-definition tRNS group, tended to learn faster and had better performance retention compared to both simple-definition tRNS and sham groups. This study is the first to report that high-definition tRNS is more effective than conventional simple-definition tRNS to enhance performance in a complex task.
Cooler canopy leverages sorghum adaptation to drought and heat stress
Authors: Pradhan Aliza , Aher Lalitkumar , Hegde Vinay , Jangid Krishna Kumar , Rane Jagadish 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the present study, individual and combined effects of drought and heat stress were investigated on key physiological parameters (canopy temperature, membrane stability index, chlorophyll content, relative water content, and chlorophyll fluorescence) in two popular sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor cvs. Phule Revati and Phule Vasudha) during the seedling stage. Estimating canopy temperature through pixel-wise analysis of thermal images of plants differentiated the stress responses of sorghum cultivars more effectively than the conventional way of recording canopy temperature. Cultivar difference in maintaining the canopy temperature was also responsible for much of the variation found in critical plant physiological parameters such as cell membrane stability, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence in plants exposed to stress. Hence, the combined stress of drought and heat was more adverse than their individual impacts. The continued loss of water coupled with high-temperature exposure exacerbated the adverse effect of stresses with a remarkable increase in canopy temperature. However, Phule Vasudha, being a drought-tolerant variety, was relatively less affected by the imposed stress conditions than Phule Revati. Besides, the methodology of measuring and reporting plant canopy temperature, which emerged from this study, can effectively differentiate the sorghum genotypes under the combined stress of drought and heat. It can help select promising genotypes among the breeding lines and integrating the concept in the protocol for precision water management in crops like sorghum.
Results of the gErman migraine PatIent Survey on medical Care and prOPhylactic treatment Experience (EPISCOPE)
Authors: Groth Marie , Katsarava Zaza , Ehrlich Marc 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMigraine affects about 12% of the worldwide population causing substantial personal and societal burden. Yet, migraine remains underdiagnosed and untreated. EPISCOPE was a web-based survey among a German migraine patient cohort to characterize the medical care and prophylactic treatment status aiming to identify unmet needs. Potential migraine patients were identified via an ID Migraine screener. Their socioeconomic background, medical care experience, acute medication use, as well as use and experience of migraine prophylaxis was assessed by a questionnaire. Data of 29,011 participants was collected. 21,504 participants were identified as migraine patients. Patients with a higher number of monthly migraine days experienced better medical care. However, even among chronic migraine patients, 54% were not consulting a physician, 30% did not feel well-informed about medication overuse and 48% had never tried prophylactic migraine treatment. Among patients receiving prophylactic migraine treatment, up to 33% were not satisfied with their prophylaxis due to insufficient efficacy. Taken together, EPISCOPE describes the largest German migraine patient cohort so far. The survey provides detailed and valuable insight into the current medical care and prophylactic treatment situation in a highly developed European country and identifies reasons why the medical care of migraine patients is still insufficient.
Seismic wave simulation using a 3D printed model of the Los Angeles Basin
Authors: Park Sunyoung , Shin Changsoo , Kim Younglib , Clayton Robert W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStudying seismic wave propagation through complex media is crucial to numerous aspects of geophysics and engineering including seismic hazard assessment. In particular, small-scale structure such as sedimentary basins and their edges can have significant effects on high-frequency earthquake ground motion, which is the main cause for the damage to buildings and infrastructure. However, such structural effects are poorly understood due to limitations in numerical and analytical methods. To overcome this challenge, for the first time, we utilize the 3D printing technique to build a scaled-down physical representation of geological structure and perform lab-scale seismic experiments on it. Specifically, a physical model based on the Los Angeles Basin is printed and used as synthetic medium to propagate ultrasonic waves, to mimic seismic wave propagation from local earthquakes. Our results show clear body and surface waves recorded at expected time and locations, as well as waves that are scattered from the basin edges. We find that high-frequency energies are significantly reduced at the basin, which is at odds with the conventional view of basins as ground motion amplifiers. This novel waveform modeling approach with 3D printed Earth models is largely automated and provides an effective means to tackle geophysical problems of significance.
Identification of a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant with a truncated protein in ORF8 gene by next generation sequencing
Authors: DeRonde Stephanie , Deuling Hannah , Parker Jayme , Chen Jack 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUsing next generation sequencing technology, we identified a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant with a truncated ORF8 protein mutation near the end of the viral genome from nucleotides 27,878 to 27,958. This point mutation from C to T at nucleotide 27,956 changed the amino acid codon CAA (glutamine) to a stop codon, TAA, created a novel stop codon in ORF8 gene, resulting in a much smaller ORF8 protein (26 aa) than the wild type ORF8 protein (121 aa). This variant belongs to Pango lineage B.1.1291, which also contains the D614G mutation in the Spike (S) gene. The B.1.1291 lineage is predominantly circulated in the United States of America (97.18%), although it was also found in other counties (Russia, Canada, Latvia, Chile, India, Japan, Colombia, Germany, Greece, Mexico, and UK). A total of 340 closely related variants to this novel variant were identified in GISAID database with collection dates ranged from 3/6/2020 to 10/21/2020. In addition, a search within NCBI Genbank database found that 108,405 of 873,230 (12.4%) SAR-CoV-2 complete genomes contain this truncated ORF8 protein mutation, indicating this mutation may arise spontaneously in other lineages as well. The wide distribution of this mutation indicates that this truncated ORF8 protein mutation may provide the virus a growth advantage and adaptive evolution.
Scalable total synthesis of (+)-aniduquinolone A and its acid-catalyzed rearrangement to aflaquinolones
Authors: Guo Feng-Wei , Mou Xiao-Feng , Qu Yong , Wei Mei-Yan , Chen Guang-Ying , Wang Chang-Yun , Gu Yu-Cheng , Shao Chang-Lun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe strong antibacterial, antiviral and anticancer activities demonstrated by quinolones make them promising lead structures and important synthetic targets for drug discovery. Here, we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first scalable total synthesis of antiviral (+)-aniduquinolone A, possessing a 3,4-dioxygenated 5-hydroxy-4-aryl-quinolin-2(1H)-one skeleton. This synthetic strategy explores E-stereoselective Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) olefination as the key step to assemble isopropenyl substituted tetrahydrofuran onto the 3,4-dioxygenated 5-hydroxy-4-aryl-quinolin-2(1H)-one core, which is built by highly diastereoselective intramolecular aldol reaction. Moreover, two sets of stereoisomers of aniduquinolone A with substantially overlapping NMR data were synthesized completely and assigned unambiguously by comprehensive analysis of both their spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction data. Unexpectedly, aflaquinolones A, C, and D that feature different 2,4-dimethyl cyclohexanone moieties were transformed successfully from (+)-aniduquinolone A by treating with TFA. The methodology delineated herein can be applied broadly to the synthesis of natural alkaloids containing the core structure of 3,4-dioxygenated 5-hydroxy-4-aryl-quinolin-2(1H)-one.
Grass species identity shapes communities of root and leaf fungi more than elevation
Authors: Kivlin Stephanie N , Mann Michael A , Lynn Joshua S , Kazenel Melanie R , Taylor D Lee , Rudgers Jennifer A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fungal symbionts can buffer plants from environmental extremes and may affect host capacities to acclimate, adapt, or redistribute under environmental change; however, the distributions of fungal symbionts along abiotic gradients are poorly described. Fungal mutualists should be the most beneficial in abiotically stressful environments, and the structure of networks of plant-fungal interactions likely shift along gradients, even when fungal community composition does not track environmental stress. We sampled 634 unique combinations of fungal endophytes and mycorrhizal fungi, grass species identities, and sampling locations from 66 sites across six replicate altitudinal gradients in the western Colorado Rocky Mountains. The diversity and composition of leaf endophytic, root endophytic, and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal guilds and the overall abundance of fungal functional groups (pathogens, saprotrophs, mutualists) tracked grass host identity more closely than elevation. Network structures of root endophytes become more nested and less specialized at higher elevations, but network structures of other fungal guilds did not vary with elevation. Overall, grass species identity had overriding influence on the diversity and composition of above- and belowground fungal endophytes and AM fungi, despite large environmental variation. Therefore, in our system climate change may rarely directly affect fungal symbionts. Instead, fungal symbiont distributions will most likely track the range dynamics of host grasses.
Photocatalyzed alkylative cyclization of 2-isocyanobiphenyls with unactivated alkyl iodides
Authors: Tripathy Alisha Rani , A Rizwana Rahmathulla , Kumar Amit , Yatham Veera Reddy 
Published: March 2022

Photocatalyzed radical cascade cyclization of 2-isocyanobiaryls with unactivated alkyl iodides was developed. This protocol operates under mild conditions and tolerates a variety of functional groups affording 6-alkyl phenanthridines in good yields.
Mechanical Methods for the Induction of Labour After Previous Caesarean Section – An Updated, Evidence-based Review
Authors: Rath Werner , Hellmeyer Lars , Tsikouras Panagiotis , Stelzl Patrick 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere are currently no up-to-date evidence-based recommendations on the preferred method to induce labour after previous Caesarean section, especially for patients with unripe cervix, as
randomised controlled studies are lacking. Intravenous oxytocin and misoprostol are contraindicated in these women because of the high risk of uterine rupture. In women with ripe cervix
(Bishop Score > 6), intravenous administration of oxytocin is an effective procedure with comparable rates of uterine rupture to those with spontaneous onset of labour. Vaginal
prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and mechanical methods (balloon catheters, hygroscopic cervical dilators) are effective methods to induce labour in pregnant women with unripe
cervix and previous Caesarean section. According to current guidelines, the administration of PGE2 is associated with a higher rate of uterine rupture compared to balloon
catheters. Balloon catheters are therefore a suitable alternative to PGE2 to induce labour after previous Caesarean section, even though this is an off-label use. In addition to
two meta-analyses published in 2016, 12 mostly retrospective cohort/observational studies with low to moderate levels of evidence have been published on mechanical methods of cervical
ripening after previous Caesarean section. But because of the significant heterogeneity of the studies, substantial differences in study design, and insufficient numbers of pregnant women
included in the studies, it is not possible to make any evidence-based recommendations based on these studies. According to a recent meta-analysis, the average rate using balloon catheters
is approximately 53% and the average rate after spontaneous onset of labour is 72%. The uterine rupture rate was 0.2–0.9% for vaginal PGE2 and 0.56–0.94% for balloon catheters and
is therefore comparable to the uterine rupture rate associated with spontaneous onset of labour. According to the product informations, hygroscopic cervical dilators (Dilapan-S) are
currently the only method which is not contraindicated for cervical ripening/induction of labour in women with previous Caesarean section, although data are insufficient. Well-designed,
randomised, controlled studies with sufficient case numbers comparing balloon catheters and hygroscopic cervical dilators with mechanical methods and vaginal prostaglandin E2/oral
misoprostol are therefore necessary to allow proper decision-making.
Individualized treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer: The value of surgery in combination with radioiodine imaging and therapy – A German position paper from Surgery and Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Schmidt Matthias , Bartenstein Peter , Bucerius Jan , Dietlein Markus , Drzezga Alexander , Herrmann Ken , Lapa Constantin , Lorenz Kerstin , Musholt Thomas J. , Nagarajah James , Reiners Christoph , Sahlmann Carsten O. , Kreissl Michael C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA consensus statement about indications for post-surgical radioiodine therapy (RIT) in differentiated thyroid cancer patients (DTC) was recently published by the European Thyroid Association (ETA) 1. This publication discusses indications for RIT on the basis of an individual risk assessment. Many of the conclusions of this consensus statement are well founded and accepted across the disciplines involved. However, especially from the perspective of nuclear medicine, as the discipline responsible for indicating and executing RIT, some of the recommendations may require further clarification with regard to their compatibility with established best practice and national standards of care. Assessment of the indications for RIT is strongly dependent on the weighing up of benefits and risks. On the basis of longstanding clinical experience in nuclear medicine, RIT represents a highly specific precision medicine procedure of proven efficacy with a favorable side-effect profile. This distinguishes RIT significantly from other adjuvant oncological therapies and has resulted in the establishment of this procedure as a usually well-tolerated, standard safety measure. With regard to its favorable risk/benefit ratio, this procedure should not be unnecessarily restricted, in the interest of offering reassurance to the patients. Both patients’ interests and regional/national differences need to be taken into account. We would therefore like to comment on the recent consensus from the perspective of authors and to provide recommendations based on the respective published data.
Trans-Arterial Embolization of High-Flow Renal Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) with Concomitant Renal Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Basri Niemah , Yusoff Bazli Md , Samsudin Ahmad Hadif Zaidin , Mohamad Nasibah , Nadarajan Chandran , Abdullah Mohd Shafie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an abnormal direct communication between an artery and the venous drainage without a capillary component. Although renal AVF is rare, detecting the disease is important to assist in management and, thus, help reverse the sequelae of the disease such as hypertension and heart failure. The clinical presentation and radiological features are important parameters that can help in the diagnosis and decision of treatment. We would like to share our successful approach to a 52-year-old female with idiopathic high-flow left renal AVF with concomitant renal artery aneurysm using a single Amplatzer vascular plug in the limit of our setting.
Passive Silicon Photonic Devices
Authors: Su Yikai , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2022

This important book is a practical guide to the design, fabrication, and testing of passive silicon photonic devices. It outlines the progress of the last decades and is organized into three parts: design principles of silicon waveguides and devices, nano-fabrication processes for passive devices, and testing of waveguide devices including vertical coupling and edge coupling setup for interfacing with fibers.
This timely book:Provides detailed materials on the operation of equipment and methods for fabrication and testingTeaches researchers and technical staff the skills to implement silicon photonic circuits quickly and successfullyIs authored by an eminent team from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai, China
Researchers, specialists, and students working in photonics and silicon photonics devices will find Passive Silicon Photonic Devices: Design, Fabrication, and Testing an invaluable resource.
Learning a new balance task: The influence of prior motor practice on training adaptations
Authors: Keller Martin , Roth Ralf , Achermann Samuel , Faude Oliver 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTPrior motor experience is thought to aid in the acquisition of new skills. However, studies have shown that balance training does not promote learning of a subsequent balance task. These results stand in contrast to the learning‐to‐learn paradigm, which is well described for other tasks. We therefore tested if a coordinative affinity between tasks is needed to achieve a learning‐to‐learn for balance control. Three groups trained different motor tasks during training phase1 (coordination ladder (COOR); bipedal wobble board (2WB); single‐leg wobble board (1WB)). During training phase2, all groups trained a tiltboard balance task. Task‐specific and transfer effects were evaluated for phase1. A potential learning‐to‐learn effect was evaluated by comparing the acquisition rates from phase2 for the tiltboard task that was used for training and testing. The results indicate task‐specific adaptations after phase1 for 1WB. In contrast, 2WB showed similar improvements than 1WB and COOR (effect sizes: −0.31 to −0.38) when tested on the wobble board with bipedal stance indicating no task‐specific improvement for 2WB. For phase2, the linear regression analysis showed larger adaptations for 1WB and 2WB when compared to COOR. This effect implies some uncertainty due to overlapping confidence intervals. Task‐specific adaptations after phase1 were found for 1WB but not 2WB. It is discussed that the difficulty of the training task could explain these contrasting results. During phase2, larger adaptations were found for both groups that trained balance tasks during phase1. Thus, despite some uncertainty, prior balance training appears to promote adaptations of a subsequently learned balance task.Highlights
Prior balance training augments the learning of a new balance task if the two tasks share certain coordinative features.
The concept of “learning to learn” can probably be applied to postural control, although further studies are needed.
Balance training results (partly) in task‐specific adaptations with no immediate transfer to other (but unrelated) balance tasks.
Single crystal growth and de Haas-van Alphen effect in strong coupling s-wave superconductor SrPt3P
Authors: Horie M , Matsuoka E , Sugawara H , Kotegawa H , Tou H , Terashima T , Uji S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We have succeeded in growing a single crystal of SrPt3P, which was reported as a strong coupling s-wave superconductor with the critical temperature of T
c=8.4 K, and have measured the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) effect and the electrical resistivity under magnetic fields. Several dHvA frequency branches with the frequencies up to ~ 1 kT with the cyclotron effective masses of mc
* = 0.27 – 0.61 m
0 were observed. It was clarified that the superconducting upper critical fields
μ0Hc2
for fields along H // [001] and H // [100] in the tetragonal structure are almost the same in values of μ
0
H
c2 ~4.8 T.
Unconventional singlet-triplet superconductivity
Authors: Möckli David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Have you been lying awake wondering what symmetries determine whether a superconductor is spin-singlet, triplet, or both? We show that if one supplies additional degrees of freedom to BCS theory, spin-singlet can coexist with spin-triplet superconductivity. We guide the reader to the most general superconducting state using symmetry arguments. If both singlet and triplet pairing channels act, a magnetic field can convert between spin-singlet and triplet states. Two possible singlet-triplet superconductors candidates are: CeRh2As2 and bilayer-NbSe2.