bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical and Clinical Outcomes of an Enhanced Monofocal Intraocular Lens for High Hyperopia
Authors: Fernández-Vega-Cueto Luis , Vega Fidel , Guerra-Velasco Raquel , Millán María S. , Madrid-Costa David , Alfonso José F. 
Published: September 2022

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the optical and clinical performance of an enhanced monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) (TECNIS Eyhance ICB00; Johnson & Johnson Vision) in patients with high hyperopia and a short axial length.

METHODS:
Power mapping, wavefront analysis, and the through-focus modulation transfer function area (TF-MTFa) were measured in vitro for three IOL powers (10.00, 20.00, and 30.00 diopters [D]). The clinical study included 22 patients with an axial length of less than 22.5 mm. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity and binocular defocus curve were evaluated 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:
For the three IOL powers, the power mapping revealed an increase in positive power from the periphery to the center of the lens, providing an extra positive correction of 1.00 D for a 2-mm pupil size. The TF-MTFa curves showed only a peak of maximum MTFa at the distance focus. As the pupil size became smaller, there was a focus extension effect, providing an extended depth of focus of up to −1.50 D for a 2-mm pupil size. No significant dependency of the IOL base power on the power profile, wavefront, or optical quality was found. The clinical outcomes showed that all patients achieved a binocular CDVA of 0.1 logMAR or better. The mean visual acuity was better than 0.1 logMAR between +0.50 and −1.50 D of defocus. At a vergence of −2.00 D, the visual acuity was 0.11 ± 0.13 logMAR.

CONCLUSIONS:
The monofocal enhanced IOL provided good distance optical and visual quality and optimal visual acuity up to an intermediate-near vision distance of 50 to 40 cm in patients with high hyperopia and a short axial length.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(9):572–579.]
Decision-Making Ability: A Missing Link Between Health Literacy, Contextual Factors, and Health
Authors: Rüegg René 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Health literacy has often been described as an important precondition for good health decisions, healthy behaviors, and health. However, reviews reveal low evidence for intervention effectiveness through health literacy. This result calls for more investigations to be done in the pathway from health literacy to health, considering intermediate outcomes of health literacy.

Objective:
This study explores an important immediate objective of health literacy, namely the decision-making ability (DMA) regarding health issues. The study's hypothesis claims the DMA to be an important mediator between health literacy and health outcomes. Furthermore, the study assumes that the effect of the DMA on different health outcomes is not only contingent on health literacy but also on contextual factors. To test the above hypotheses, six different health literacy dimensions and four health outcomes have been analyzed.

Methods:

Cross-sectional data from the Young Adult Survey Switzerland was used for mediation analyses (
N
= 4, 569, age, 18 to 25 years, all male). Multiple regression and KHB (Karlson, Holm, and Breen) decomposition analyses were applied to estimate mediation effects between health literacy and health outcomes.

Key Results:
Five of six health literacy dimensions explained the DMA in a linear regression model. The coefficients of the DMA explaining health outcomes were substantially reduced when health literacy items were included into the models (6.1%–20.3%). Furthermore, the associations between health literacy and the health outcomes were fully explained by contextual factors, except in the mental health model.

Conclusions:

The results support the hypothesis that higher health literacy levels do not necessarily lead to better health directly. Rather, health literacy is just one of multiple factors contributing to a higher DMA and, further, to favorable health outcomes. The results of this study call for more investigations in the health decision-making process and the role of contextual factors. [

HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2022;6(3):e213–e223.

]

Plain Language Summary:
The study investigated the ability to make good health decisions while considering health literacy. The results support the intermediate function of the decision-making ability on the path to favorable health outcomes. Furthermore, it is found that the DMA as well as health literacy are highly contingent on contextual factors. The results shed light into the complex decision-making process regarding health issues.
Identifying Health Literacy Responsiveness Improvement Ideas in Danish Health Centers: Initial Testing of the OS! Approach
Authors: Aaby Anna , Maindal Helle Terkildsen 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Health services hold a critical role in mitigating the effect of health literacy challenges. Several tools and approaches have been developed to support health organizations in responding to their target population's health literacy needs. One of these is the OS! approach, which is an adapted and less rigorous version of the Australian Organizational health literacy responsiveness tool (Org-HLR). In this study, we aimed to report on our initial testing of the OS! approach in two Danish health care settings.

Brief description:
The OS! aim to prompt and support the development of local organizational health literacy improvement ideas. The process consists of three consecutive workshops focusing on reflection, self-evaluation, and prioritization. For each workshop tools are provided to support implementation.

Implementation:

The OS! approach was tested in two Danish municipal health centers (Tårnby Health Centre and Frederiksberg Health Centre), where both staff members and leaders took part in the processes (
N
= 62 and
N
= 84). In Tårnby, the process was closely facilitated by the research team, while local managers was in charge of the implementation in Frederiksberg.

Results:
In both settings, the process succeeded in identifying a list of relevant prioritized action ideas aimed at improving local health literacy responsiveness. In both instances, leaders were able to integrate some of these ideas in action plans for the organizations nearby future.

Lessons learned:

We found the OS! approach effective in its aim to identify health literacy responsiveness improvement ideas and based on our experience also less arduous to implement than the Org-HLR. We also learned that good implementation of the OS! approach depends strongly on careful facilitation including thorough introduction of the concepts of health literacy, openness, and creativity in relation to local adaptions within the overall framework of the approach, and the consolidation of consistent leader support throughout the organization. [

HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2022;6(3):e232–e238.

]

Plain Language Summary:
This study describes the initial testing of the OS! approach. The OS! approach is based on the Australian methodology “Org-HLR” and use a participatory approach to prompt and support the identification of local health literacy responsiveness improvement ideas in health care organizations. The article provides valuable experiences regarding local development of organizational health literacy in practice.
Unusual direct immunofluorescence (DIF) pattern in pemphigus herpetiformis- A case report
Authors: Kavita Rawat , Sheenam Azad , Neelima Bahal , Jitender Bisht S. 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Pemphigus herpetiformis (PH) is an autoimmune intraepithelial bullous skin disorder. A 61-year-old female presented with history of multiple pruritic erosions, ulcers all over body, and diffuse loss of hair over scalp. Oral and genital mucosas were uninvolved. Subcorneal separation with suprapapillary thinning of epidermis, neutrophilic spongiosis, and elongation of rete ridges were seen on histopathology. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) revealed IgG deposits in intercellular zone in fish net like pattern and focal linear IgA deposits along basement zone. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) revealed antibodies to desmoglein1 (Dsg-1) positive. A final diagnosis of PH was given. The patient responded well to treatment with dapsone and steroids.
A comparative study between preoperative and postoperative conventional autonomic functions in congenital craniovertebral junction anomalies
Authors: Siroya Hardik L. , Bhat Dhananjaya Ishwar , Devi Bhagavatula Indira , Shukla Dhaval P. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) is invariably affected by craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies. The usual presentation is sudden after trivial trauma. When symptomatic, most of this autonomic dysfunction is clearly elicited clinically with bedside tests. Nonetheless, ANS functionality in relatively less symptomatic or asymptomatic patients is not known as no studies exist.

Methodology:
We performed a longitudinal prospective study of 40 less symptomatic patients who underwent surgery with conventional autonomic function tests (AFT) in pre- and post-operative periods. Correlation of its association with such anomalies is studied.

Results:
All 40 had both pre- and post-operative clinical follow-up, pre-operative AFT, whereas only 22 patients had follow-up AFT. The mean age for the group was 32 years and male: female ratio was 2.3:1. Mean Nurick's grade was 1.8, whereas Barthel's index was 83.75%. Clinical improvement was seen in almost 98% at follow-up. Orthostatic test showed a significant association with Nurick's grade. Barthel's index was significantly associated with degree of compression. The mean follow-up was 17.4 months. Most conventional AFTs were significantly decreased in the preoperative period (P ≤ 0.01). Both parasympathetic and sympathetic tone improved on follow-up with better improvement later. Overall clinical involvement of ANS was seen in 22.5% whereas subclinical involvement in the form of AFT impairment was seen in 100%.

Conclusion:
There is a definite involvement of subclinical ANS in all patients of CVJ anomalies irrespective of their symptomatology. Knowing the extent of involvement in the preoperative period can help prognosticate, prioritize regarding surgery as well as correlate with the extent of improvement.
How does spinopelvic alignment influence short-term clinical outcomes after lumbar fusion in patients with single-level degenerative spondylolisthesis?
Authors: DiMaria Stephen , Karamian Brian A. , Lambrechts Mark J. , Kanhere Arun P. , Mangan John J. , Yen Winston W. , Maheu Arlene , Qureshi Mahir A. , Canseco Jose A. , Kaye David I. , Woods Barrett I. , Kurd Mark F. , Radcliff Kris E. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: September 2022

Context
Studies on adult spinal deformity have shown spinopelvic malalignment results in worse outcomes. However, it is unclear if this relationship exists in patients with single-level degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) receiving short-segment fusions.

Aims
To determine if spinopelvic alignment affects patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after posterior lumbar decompression and fusion (PLDF) with or without a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in patients with L4-5 DS.

Settings and Design
A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on patients who underwent PLDF for L4-5 DS at a single tertiary referral academic medical center.

Materials and Methods
Patients were divided into groups based on preoperative cutoff values of 20° for pelvic tilt (PT) and 11° for pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch (PI-LL) with subsequent reclassification based on correction to <20° PT or 11° PI-LL. Radiographic outcomes and PROMs were compared between the groups.

Statistical Analysis Used
Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine whether radiographic cutoff values served as the independent predictors of change in PROMs. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results
A total of 188 patients with completed PROMs were included for the analysis. Preoperative PT >20° was associated with significantly greater reduction in PI-LL (−2.41° vs. 1.21°, P = 0.004) and increase in sacral slope (SS) (1.06° vs. −1.86°, P = 0.005) compared to patients with preoperative PT <20°. On univariate analysis, no significant differences were observed between any groups with regard to PROMs. Preoperative sagittal alignment measures and postoperative correction were not found to be independent predictors of improvement in clinical outcomes.

Conclusion
A preoperative PT >20° is associated with improved PI-LL reduction and an increase in SS. However, no differences in clinical outcomes were found 1 year postoperatively for patients with preoperative PT >20° and PI-LL ≥11° compared to patients below this threshold.
An evaluation of patients with abdominal pain after lateral lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Fried Tristan B. , Tran Khoa , Lambrechts Mark J. , D'Antonio Nicholas D. , Karamian Brian A. , Chu Justin , Canseco Jose A. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: September 2022

Context
Abdominal pain after surgery can occur for numerous reasons. Postoperative radiographs may be indicated to evaluate for ileus or other reasons for the pain. Whether outcomes are significantly different based on whether patients get radiographs following lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) are unclear.

Aims:
To investigate the postoperative outcomes of patients experiencing abdominal pain after LLIF.

Settings and Design:
This retrospective cohort study included patients at a tertiary academic medical center and surrounding affiliated hospitals.

Materials and Methods:
Patients >18 years of age who underwent elective LLIF at a single institution were retrospectively identified. Patients were stratified into two groups depending on whether they received a postoperative abdominal radiograph or computed tomography (CT) scan for postoperative abdominal pain.

Statistical Analysis:
Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and surgical outcomes were compared between groups utilizing independent t-tests or Mann–Whitney U-tests for continuous variables or Pearson's Chi-square tests for categorical variables.

Results:
A total of 153 patients (18 with abdominal scans, 135 without) were included. Patients who received a postoperative abdominal radiograph or CT scan were more likely to undergo exploratory laparotomy (11.1% vs. 0.00%, P = 0.013). Ultimately, patients with abdominal scans had a longer hospital length of stay (6.67 vs. 3.79 days, P = 0.002) and were discharged home less frequently (71.4% vs. 83.7%, P = 0.002).

Conclusions:
Patients who received abdominal imaging after LLIF were more likely to undergo exploratory laparotomy, experience longer hospital length of stay, and were discharged home less frequently. Intra-abdominal air on postoperative imaging without corresponding physical exam findings consistent with bowel injury is not an appropriate indication for surgical intervention.
Gastrocutaneous fistula after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: An unforeseen mishap
Authors: Sandhu Harindra , S Dhivakar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A middle-aged woman presented to us with complaints of purulent discharge which was coming from the epigastric port site for two years following laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which was performed at an outside hospital for asymptomatic gall stone disease. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the fistulous sinus track communicating with the anterior body wall of the stomach. At re-laparotomy, the sistulous sinus track was found and excised with primary repair of the defect in the stomach wall. The patient had an uneventful post-operative recovery and was doing well on follow-up. This was the second such case reported in literature where a common surgical procedure like laparoscopic cholecystectomy has led to the formation of gastrocutaneous fistula, which is a rare complication and was successfully managed.
Diagnosis and management of mucormycosis in the dental clinic: A guide for oral health professionals in India
Authors: Aswal Gunjan S. , Rawat Renu , Dwivedi Dhara , Prabhakar Nitin , Vinod Kumar K. R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
With the current pandemic raging over the world, science and medicine is faced with hereto with unfought enemies or less fought opponent in the form of viruses and consequently, other biotic entities. While researchers are striving to identify and conquer the variants of COVID-19, other innocuous organisms are raising their ugly heads in the form of opportunistic fungal infections. Mucormycosis/Black Fungus is an invasive opportunistic fungal infection caused by mucorale species. It spreads through blood vessels causing thrombosis, ischemia, and necrosis. Population with pre-existing immunocompromised conditions such as Diabetes Mellitus, Malignancy, Long-term immunosuppressant therapy are more susceptible. Mucormycosis associated with Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) proved to be catastrophic due to its high mortality rates. Rhino orbital Mucormycosis is the most common form. The primary care physician, being the first and often, (more so in developing countries) and being the only point of contact with a healthcare professional, plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of this condition. The keystone to decreasing mortality is early detection and diagnosis followed by preventive measures to control progression to the brain. A multidisciplinary approach by various specialties is a prerequisite for effective diagnosis and management. Antifungal therapy, surgical debridement, and resection of the affected areas are protocols to be followed. Post-operative defects cause impairment of function, phonetics, and esthetics. Prosthetic rehabilitation of these defects has shown favorable results, especially in the aged and immunocompromised individuals.
The IDEAL approach to establish contemporary maternity care during labor
Authors: Akkour Khalid , AlTayash Shahad F. , AlMuhanna Ghada , AlMogren Renad , AlSultan Sara , AlMukaynizi Hadeel , AlHadlaq Lama , AlShahrani Fatimah , Iqbal Shazia , Batais Mohammed 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of abusive and disrespectful behavior from healthcare workers toward women during childbirth, to determine the type of abuse with the highest prevalence, and to assess the factors that contributed to the prevalence of abuse and disrespectful behavior.

Methods:
This is a quantitative observational cross-sectional study that was conducted among mothers who gave birth in a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from September 2019 to mid-March 2020, with a target sample size of 261. Descriptive statistics were described by frequencies and percentages, bivariate statistical analysis was carried out by using Chi-square test.

Results:
The overall prevalence of disrespect and abuse (D&A) was 62.5%, the non-consented category was the commonest type in this study. D&A was 2.8 times more prevalent in women whose newborn suffered complications during delivery. Likewise, mothers who delivered in a room with 5 or more caregivers were 2 times more likely to be disrespected than others. Mothers who underwent a natural delivery without episiotomy were 53% less likely to face the risk of being disrespected than others.

Conclusion:
This study reveals that the prevalence of disrespect and abuse towards women during labor in the chosen setting was high. The type of delivery, number of caregivers present, and complications that occurred during delivery were significantly associated with disrespect and abuse. Therefore, the authors of this study present an IDEAL approach as a way to upgrade the maternity care standards.
COVID-Related suicide during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India: A tip of the iceberg of mental health problems
Authors: Sheikh Nishat Ahmed , Vasudeva Abhimanyu , Tripathi Richa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has influenced the entire world. There has been great surge of mental health problems after the pandemic has started. The second wave has almost exhausted the Indian Health care system. There has also been cases of suicide due to COVID-19 infection. The objective of study was to highlight various factors involved in COVID-19 related suicide (CRS) during second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India. CRS reports on the websites of 10 popular newspapers and television news channels in North India and official government websites such as the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare were searched between February 1, 2020, and May 31, 2021. We also searched the Medline and Google Scholar databases for CRS reports from India using the terms “corona”, “COVID-19”, “SARS CoV 2”, “India”, and “suicide” in various combinations. A total of 62 articles were included for the study. Most common mode of suicide was hanging and most common site was the deceased’s home. Fear of infecting family members was the most common cause of CRS during second wave of the ongoing pandemic in India. Many individuals lost their lives to suicide due to COVID-19 pandemic. The media report does not provide the exact picture of community suicide. Proper physician counselling at the time of providing treatment can help in reducing few CRS.
Acceptability, usability and efficacy of an automatic respiratory monitor in determining fast breathing: A pilot study in a tribal tea garden in India
Authors: Ghosh Nilanjana , Sarkar Siddhartha , Mondal Tanushree 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Childhood pneumonia is one of the leading causes of mortality among under-five children. It is responsible for 15% of all deaths of children U5, killing 808,694 children in 2017 (1). Traditional visual inspection and manual count method is used to detect and classify fast-breathing, a key indicator of Pneumonia. In response to UNICEF’s call for a reliable diagnostic tool, Philips was the first to respond with the Children’s Automatic Respiratory Monitor for measuring fast breathing objectively.

Aim:
UNICEF and Philips Foundation initiated a field study to test the acceptability, usability and efficacy of the Automatic Respiratory Monitor in Determining Fast Breathing in low resource setting environments.

Settings and Design:
Philips Foundation partnered up with the Directorate of Medical Education in West Bengal, India to conduct the field study amongst community healthcare workers and beneficiaries in a rural district of West Bengal. In collaboration with North Bengal Medical College & Hospital, a community-based study was conducted in a tribal tea garden of Naxalbari block.

Methods and Material:
Acceptability and usability of the device was assessed through structtured interviews and dialogues with community health workers (CHWs), caregivers and local healthcare practitioners. Efficacy of the device was represented by the inter-rater agreement between the traditional visual inspection and manual count method and the device reading.

Statistical Analysis Used:
A descriptive community based mixed method study was conducted. Satisfaction among community healthcare workers (CHWs) and beneficiaries was found to be promising across all study parameters.

Results and Conclusions:
The paper captures the study methods, statistical analysis of the data, the conclusions, areas of further research and recommends community-wide use of the device in objectively measuring fast breathing among children under the age of five years.