bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Update of Fetal Growth Restriction Associated with Biomarkers
Authors: Sun Liqun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) has a prevalence of about 10% worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. FGR is commonly caused by placental insufficiency and can begin early (<32  weeks) or in late (≥32  weeks) gestational age. A false positive antenatal diagnosis may lead to unnecessary monitoring and interventions, as well as cause maternal anxiety. Whereas a false negative diagnosis exposes the fetus to an increased risk of stillbirth and renders the pregnancy ineligible from the appropriate care and potential treatments. The clinical management of FGR pregnancies faces a complex challenge of deciding on the optimal timing of delivery as currently the main solution is to deliver the baby early, but iatrogenic preterm delivery of infants is associated with adverse short- and long-term outcomes. Early and accurate diagnosis of FGR could aid in better stratification of clinical management, and the development and implementation of treatment options, ultimately benefiting clinical care and potentially improving both short- and long-term health outcomes. The aim of this review is to present the new insights on biomarkers of placenta insufficiency, including their current and potential value of biomarkers in the prediction and prevention for FGR, and highlight the association between biomarkers and adverse outcomes in utero to explore the specific mechanism of impaired fetal growth that establish the basis for disease later in life.
Evaluation of a Capillary Microsampling Device for Analyzing Plasma Lenvatinib Concentration in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Saito Akihiro , Kikuchi Masafumi , Matsumoto Yuko , Sugawara Erina , Takao Gesshu , Inomata Hayato , Takahashi Akane , Sato Yuji , Kumondai Masaki , Sato Yu , Sato Toshihiro , Ninomiya Masashi , Inoue Jun , Maekawa Masamitsu , Mano Nariyasu 
Published: July 2022

Background:
The anticancer drug, Lenvima (lenvatinib), has severe side effects. Therapeutic drug monitoring helps ensure its efficacy and safety. Regular and optimally timed blood sampling is tough, especially when lenvatinib is self-medicated. Microsampling using the easy to handle Microsampling Wing (MSW) may help circumvent this problem. However, current lenvatinib detection methods are not sensitive enough to detect its concentrations in microsamples (<50–250 μL). Thus, the aim of this study was 2-fold (1) develop an analytic method to estimate plasma lenvatinib concentrations in microsamples and (2) verify whether this method works on micro (5.6 μL) blood plasma samples obtained clinically through MSW from patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods:
A simple, highly sensitive, and specific liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed. Using this novel protocol, the trough blood plasma concentration of lenvatinib was measured for both blood sampled conventionally and that using MSW. Thirty-five venous whole blood samples were obtained from 11 patients with HCC. Furthermore, the stability of lenvatinib in MSW samples during storage was evaluated.

Results:
The mean plasma lenvatinib concentration estimates were not significantly different between the MSW and conventional venous blood samples. CV for interday and intraday assays was low. Up to day 5, the lenvatinib concentration in the MSW samples was 85%–115% of the initial day concentration (when stored at 25°C or 4°C). The interference of endogenous matrix components in the human plasma was low.

Conclusions:
These results indicate that the novel mass spectrometry protocol accurately measures lenvatinib in human plasma and is reproducible. Thus, MSW could be a useful microsampling device for lenvatinib therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with HCC when used in combination with this novel liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry detection method.
Carbide Gun-Related Ocular Injuries: A Case Series
Authors: Arora Anchal , Priyadarshini Smruti Rekha , Das Sujata , Mohanty Amrita , Shanbhag Swapna S. , Sahu Srikant Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to report a case series of sight-threatening ocular injuries caused by calcium carbide guns used as fire crackers.

Methods:
Medical records of 15 eyes of 14 patients with ocular injuries caused while using carbide guns, visiting the Institute, from January 2021 to January 2022, were retrospectively reviewed. The collected data included patients' demography (age, sex), presenting ophthalmic features, management, and outcome. Grade I and II ocular injuries were managed medically. All grade III-V injuries were managed using Amniotic Membrane Transplantation.

Results:
All patients were male. The mean age of the patients was 23.57 ± 11.76 years. According to the Dua classification, 5 eyes (33.3%) had Grade I-II ocular surface burns, 3 eyes (20%) had grade III burns, and 7 eyes (46.6%) had grade IV-VI burns. Presenting visual acuity ranged between hand movements to 20/50, and in 6 eyes (40%), the visual acuity was ≤20/200. Five eyes were managed medically alone, and 10 (66.6%) eyes needed surgical intervention (Amniotic Membrane Transplantation). After a mean follow-up of 14.23 ± 11.92 weeks, complete epithelization was seen in 10 eyes (66.6%). Partial limbal stem cell deficiency and its sequelae such as conjunctivalization of the cornea were noted in 7 eyes (46.6%).

Conclusions:
Calcium carbide–related ocular injuries can result in corneal blindness secondary to limbal stem cell deficiency in young individuals. Loss of vision in this age group can lead to loss of economic productivity and cosmetic disfigurement. More advocacy efforts are thus needed to prevent these injuries.
Quantitative computed tomography and machine learning: recent data in fibrotic interstitial lung disease and potential role in pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Wells Athol U. , Walsh Simon L.F. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to summarize quantitative computed tomography (CT) and machine learning data in fibrotic lung disease and to explore the potential application of these technologies in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Recent findings
Recent data in the use of quantitative CT in fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) are covered. Machine learning includes deep learning, a branch of machine learning particularly suited to medical imaging analysis. Deep learning imaging biomarker research in ILD is currently undergoing accelerated development, driven by technological advances in image processing and analysis. Fundamental concepts and goals related to deep learning imaging research in ILD are discussed. Recent work highlighted in this review has been performed in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Quantitative CT and deep learning have not been applied to pulmonary sarcoidosis, although there are recent deep learning data in cardiac sarcoidosis.

Summary
Pulmonary sarcoidosis presents unsolved problems for which quantitative CT and deep learning may provide unique solutions: in particular, the exploration of the long-standing question of whether sarcoidosis should be viewed as a single disease or as an umbrella term for disorders that might usefully be considered as separate diseases.
Management of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Mullin Monica L. , Churg Andrew , Ryerson Christopher J. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review
Recent guidelines have updated the classification of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, stratifying by the presence or absence of fibrosis as either fibrotic or nonfibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis represents up to 10% of interstitial lung disease in large cohort studies, and is occasionally even more common in some regions; however, there are many unknown aspects to the diagnosis and management. The goal of this review article is to summarize the management of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Recent findings
Historically, the only treatment options for patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis were antigen avoidance and corticosteroids, although other immunosuppressive therapies are increasingly endorsed by experts in the field. There is accumulating evidence that antifibrotic medications can be useful as a second-line therapy in some patients with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis who have progression despite immunosuppression. There remains no direct comparison of immunosuppressive vs. antifibrotic medication for the management of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, but some clinical, radiological and pathological features may suggest greater likelihood of benefit from one option or the other.

Summary
We anticipate that future treatment of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis will consider a variety of patient features to suggest the most prominent underlying biology that will then be used to guide initial pharmacotherapy; however, additional data are still needed.
Treatment of anal fistula using a decellularized porcine small intestinal submucosa plug: A non-inferiority trial
Authors: Chen Zhao Wen , Zheng Yi , Zhao Rong , Wang Zhen Jun 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Using small intestinal submucosa (SIS) has increasingly become the standard method for the treatment of anal fistula. The porcine SIS manufactured by Biosis Healing is a novel biological material that has several advantages for the safe and effective repair of tissues. Our study aimed to verify the efficacy and safety of the decellularized porcine SIS (VIDASIS) anal fistula plug.

Methods:
We conducted a non-inferiority multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial involving patients with chronic anal fistula. Patients from 3 centers across China were randomized 1:1 to Biosis SIS vs commercial SIS. The primary endpoint was the healing rate and secondary endpoints included recurrence within 6 months, rate of copracrasia, healing time, pain using a visual analog scale, and patient and doctor satisfaction.

Results:
A total of 186 patients were randomized. Of these, 82 patients in the Biosis SIS and 81 in the control (commercial) SIS completed the trial (per-protocol set). The healing rate at the 6-month follow-up (full analysis set) was 92.0% for the Biosis SIS and 89.8% for the control SIS (P = .620). The rate difference of 2.2% (full analysis set; 95% confidence interval: -6.4% and 10.7%, respectively) was within the pre-specified non-inferiority margin of -10%. There were no differences between the 2 groups with regard to the secondary endpoints. No serious adverse event or death occurred.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that the VIDASIS anal fistula plug manufactured by the company Biosis Healing is safe and effective and is not inferior to existing commercial SIS materials.
The effect of tranexamic acid in open reduction and internal fixation of pelvic and acetabular fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Chul-Ho , Hwang Jaeho , Lee Soong Joon , Yoon Pil Whan , Yoon Kang Sup 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Pelvic bone fractures may cause extensive bleeding; however, the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) usage in pelvic fracture surgery remains unclear. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TXA in open reduction and internal fixation surgery for pelvic and acetabular fracture.

Methods:
MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for studies published before April 22, 2020, that investigated the effect of TXA in the treatment of pelvic and acetabular fracture with open reduction and internal fixation. A pooled analysis was used to identify the differences between a TXA usage group and a control group in terms of estimated blood loss (EBL), transfusion rates, and postoperative complications.

Results:
We included 6 studies involving 764 patients, comprising 293 patients who received TXA (TXA group) and 471 patients who did not (control group). The pooled analysis showed no differences in EBL between the groups (mean difference –64.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] –185.27 to –55.93, P = .29). The study period transfusion rate showed no significant difference between the groups (odds ratio [OR] 0.77, 95% CI 0.19–3.14, P = .71, I
2 = 82%), nor in venous thromboembolism incidence (OR 1.53, 95% CI 0.44–5.25, P = .50, I
2 = 0%) or postoperative infection rates (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.13–9.98, P = .90, I
2 = 48%).

Conclusions:
Despite several studies having recommended TXA administration in orthopedic surgery, our study did not find TXA usage to be more effective than not using TXA in pelvic and acetabular fracture surgery, especially in terms of EBL reduction, transfusion rates, and the risk of postoperative complications.
Transcanal endoscopic treatment for congenital middle ear cholesteatoma in children
Authors: Zeng Nan , Liang Meng , Yan Shang , Zhang Lue , Li Shuo , Yang Qiong 
Published: July 2022

To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of transcanal endoscopic treatment for congenital middle ear cholesteatoma in children.
Eleven children diagnosed with congenital middle ear cholesteatoma, who underwent total ear endoscopic surgery under general anesthesia, were included from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital between January 2016 and December 2020. We retrospectively analyzed their operation process and surgical complications through the surgical video; moreover, we compared the pre- and postoperative hearing outcomes.
One child underwent a planned second operation to reconstruct the ossicular chain. At 6 postoperative months, all 11 children underwent reexamination. There was no significant change and a significant decrease in the mean bone and air conduction hearing thresholds, respectively (P > .05 and P < .05); moreover, there was a significant reduction in the air–bone conduction difference (P < .05). Further, the air–bone conduction difference was reduced to >20 dB and >10 dB in 11 and 7 children, respectively. Follow-up of the children did not reveal sensorineural deafness, facial paralysis, and other serious complications; further, there were no cases of recurrence.
Transcanal endoscopic treatment for congenital middle ear cholesteatoma in children is feasible, minimally invasive, and functional.
Breast Implant Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: An Updated Systematic Review and Analysis of Treatment Strategies
Authors: Naga Hani I. , Mellia Joseph A. , Basta Marten N. , Morris Martin P. , Christopher Adrienne N. , Campbell Frank M. , Sommers Katie , Levinson Howard , Nelson Jonas A. , Fischer John P. 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Although guidelines have been published on BIA-ALCL treatment, there has been no comprehensive analysis of BIA-ALCL treatment variation based on the available literature. The authors sought to assess current treatment strategies of breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) relative to current guidelines.

METHODS:
Database searches were conducted in June 2020. Included articles were case reports and case series with patient-level data. Collected variables included clinicopathological features, implant characteristics, diagnostic tests, ALCL characteristics, treatment, and details of follow-up and outcome. Treatment data before and after 2017 was compared with National Cancer Center Network guidelines.

RESULTS:
89 publications were included, and a total of 178 cases of BIA-ALCL were identified. Most patients presented with seroma (N=114, 70.4%), followed by a mass (N=14, 8.6%), or both (N=23, 14.2%). Treatment included en-bloc capsulectomy of the affected implant in 122 out of 126 cases with treatment details provided (96.8%). Radiation therapy was given in 38 cases (30.2%), and chemotherapy was given in 71 cases (56.3%). Practitioners used less chemotherapy for local disease after treatment guideline publication in 2017 (p<0.001), while treatment for advanced disease remained unchanged (p=0.3). There were 10 recurrences and 8 fatalities due to BIA-ALCL, which were associated with advanced presentation (29% vs. 2.1%, OR = 19.4 [3.9 - 96.3], p<0.001).

CONCLUSION:
BIA-ALCL remains a morbid but treatable condition. Current guidelines focused treatment for local disease and reduced non-surgical interventions with radiation or chemotherapy. Patients presenting with advanced BIA-ALCL experience higher rates of recurrence and mortality.
Polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA genes involved in asthenozoospermia in infertile patients of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Hermann Ayekoue Jules Erick , Sylvère N’zi Konan Guy , Berenger Ako Ako Aristide , N’guessan Marie-Florence , Guillaume Yayé Yapi , Amadou Coulibaly Founzégué , Joseph Djaman Allico 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
The relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms and abnormalities in sperm quality has been the subject of several studies, with the objective of improving the treatment of male infertility. This study, which contributes to the identification of genetic markers of sperm abnormalities, was conducted to study mtDNA mutations in the asthenozoospermia profile.

Methods:
This case-control study included 30 patients with asthenozoospermia and 28 with normospermia after spermogram and spermocytogram analyses. After the extraction of total DNA from the spermatozoa of 58 ejaculates from these individuals using the phenol-chloroform method, the amplification of genes of interest in mtDNA using specific primers was performed by conventional polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing was used to detect mutations.

Results:
Male patients with asthenozoospermia in the tertiary sector had significantly more mutant- than wild-type (P = 0.0005) MT-CO II genes. Similarly, for the same gene, males with asthenozoospermia and primary infertility had significantly more mutants than the wild-type (P = 0.001). Sequencing revealed 29 mutations that were observed only with asthenozoospermia, which could be the basis for low sperm mobility.

Conclusion:
This study identified several mutations in mtDNA genes that could be considered genetic markers of asthenozoospermia if confirmed in a deeper study.
Diagnosing Influenza Infection from Pharyngeal Images using Deep Learning: Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Okiyama Sho , Fukuda Memori , Sode Masashi , Takahashi Wataru , Ikeda Masahiro , Kato Hiroaki , Tsugawa Yusuke , Iwagami Masao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza is a major global burden of disease, causing annual epidemics and occasionally, pandemics. Given that influenza primarily infects the upper respiratory system, influenza infection may be able to be diagnosed by applying deep learning to pharyngeal images.ObjectiveWe aimed to develop a deep learning model to diagnose influenza infection using the data on pharyngeal images and clinical information.MethodsWe recruited patients who visited clinics and hospitals due to influenza-like symptoms. In the training stage, we developed a diagnostic prediction artificial intelligence (AI) model based on deep learning to predict polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed influenza from pharyngeal images and clinical information. In the validation stage, we assessed the diagnostic performance of the AI model. In the additional analysis, we compared the diagnostic performance of the AI model with that of three physicians, and also interpreted the AI model using the importance heatmaps.ResultsA total of 7,831 patients were enrolled at 64 hospitals between Nov 1, 2019 and Jan 21, 2020 in the training stage, and 659 patients (including 196 patients with PCR-confirmed influenza) at 11 hospitals between Jan 25, 2020 and Mar 13, 2020 in the validation stage. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the AI model was 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.87–0.93), and its sensitivity and specificity were 76% (70–82%) and 88% (85–91%), respectively, outperforming three physicians. In the importance heatmaps, the AI model often focused on follicles on the posterior pharyngeal wall.ConclusionsWe developed the first AI model that can accurately diagnose influenza from pharyngeal images, which has the potential to assist physicians make timely diagnosis.
How the Malian press treated hydroxychloroquine at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Escot Fabrice FE , Zinszer Kate KZ , Abalovi Krystelle KA , Peiffer-Smadja Nathan NP , Coulibaly Abdourahmane AC , Saucier Adrien AS , Ridde Valéry VR 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe global debate on the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on COVID-19 has gone far beyond the scientific framework and has been highly politicized. These issues immediately invested the debate on HCQ and made it an object of particular crystallization. This study analyzes, through the Malian press, the echo of this debate in the national background.MethodsMixed methods design, based on a review of 452 articles about COVID-19 published by six major Malian newspapers, from January 1st to July 31st 2020. Results of a content analysis with WORDSTAT8 software were further explained by a thematic qualitative analysis using and deductive-indictive approach.ResultsThe debate on HCQ has had very little echo in the Malian press despite some interest, because of a lack of anchoring and thus of a “response” at the national level. The national health authorities, who adopted the treatment as part of clinical trials, and the press, stayed away from both the medical and the “ideological” components of the debate, despite these a priori directly involved a country like Mali.ConclusionsThe paper sheds light on the issues at stake in the HCQ debate based on a case study of an atypical country in terms of impacts of Covid-19. The governance of COVID helped crystallize political opposition to the presidential regime leading to a coup in August.