bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policy Responses to COVID-19: Lessons for the Global Trade and Investment Regime
Authors: Thrasher Rachel , Kaplan Warren , Wirtz Veronika J. , Clear Louise , Bodduluri Shiva Priya , Polaski Sandra 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
During the past two years, the COVID-19 pandemic has cost millions of lives around the globe, caused major morbidity and provoked widespread economic and social disruption. In response, governments have enacted policies to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic. This research focuses on policies aimed at increasing access to essential health products and services by comparing them to the global rules governing trade, investment and intellectual property. We have assessed whether these rules have- or could have- constrained countries in responding to this and future crises. The study identifies the nature and scope of the trade-related health sector policies implemented by a sample group of countries, selected because of their systemic significance: the United States, Germany, France, China, South Africa and India. Each policy is placed into one of five broad categories covered by trade and investment rules so that we could assess their consistency with those rules.
Results
We found that the types of trade-related health measures were quite diverse. The high-income countries in our study were the most active in the policy space and tended to rely on subsidies-based measures while the middle-income countries relied more heavily on export and import measures. Policies directly relevant to intellectual property protection were virtually non-existent. When evaluating the implemented policies against the global trade and investment rules, we found potential inconsistencies with five different types of rules: those governing subsidies, import and export trade barriers, investment measures, government procurement and trade-related intellectual property.
Conclusions
Given the tension between the global rules and the practices of policy making during the pandemic, we conclude that this tension must be resolved in favor of governments making policy rather than relying on existing exceptions or pushing national governments to comply more exactly with the rules. Although the pandemic itself does not respect national borders, governance still generally occurs at the national level because national governments are often the only entities with both the legal authority and the practical ability to respond.
Doping-dependent superconducting physical quantities of K-doped BaFe2As2 obtained through infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Hwang Jungseek , Lee Seokbae , Seo Yu-Seong , Roh Seulki , Song Dongjoon , Eisaki Hiroshi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We investigated four single crystals of K-doped BaFe2As2 (Ba-122), Ba1-xKxFe2As2 with x = 0.29, 0.36, 0.40, and 0.51, using infrared spectroscopy. We explored a wide variety of doping levels, from under- to overdoped. We obtained the superfluid plasma frequencies ($\Omega_{\mathrm{sp}}$) and corresponding London penetration depths ($\lambda_{\mathrm{L}}$) from the measured optical conductivity spectra. We also extracted the electron-boson spectral density (EBSD) functions using a two-parallel charge transport channel approach in the superconducting (SC) state. From the extracted EBSD functions, the maximum SC transition temperatures ($T_c^{\mathrm{Max}}$) were determined using a generalized McMillan formula and the SC coherence lengths ($\xi_{\mathrm{SC}}$) were calculated using the timescales encoded in the EBSD functions and reported Fermi velocities. We identified some similarities and differences in the doping-dependent SC quantities between the K-doped Ba-122 and the hole-doped cuprates. We expect that the various SC quantities obtained across the wide doping range will provide helpful information for establishing the microscopic pairing mechanism in Fe-pnictide superconductors.
UBE2J1 inhibits colorectal cancer progression by promoting ubiquitination and degradation of RPS3
Authors: Sun Yueming , Wang Tuo , Jin Chi , Yang Peng , Chen Zhihao , Ji Jiangzhou , Sun Qingyang , Yang Sheng , Feng Yifei , Tang Junwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 (UBE2J1) has been proved to participate in the ubiquitination of multiple substrate proteins. However, the underlying mechanisms of UBE2J1 as a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme participating in cancer development and progression remain largely unknown. Here, we identified that UBE2J1 was downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and cell lines which were mediated by DNA hypermethylation of its promoter, and decreased UBE2J1 was associated with poor prognosis. Functionally, UBE2J1 serving as a suppressor gene inhibited proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells. Mechanistically, UBE2J1-TRIM25, forming an E2-E3 complex, physically interacted and targeted RPS3 for ubiquitination and degradation at the K214 residue. The downregulated RPS3 caused by UBE2J1 overexpression restrained NF-κB translocation into the nucleus and therefore inactivates the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our study revealed a novel role of UBE2J1 mediated RPS3 poly-ubiquitination and degradation in disrupting the NF-κB signaling pathway, which may serve as a novel and promising biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC.
Comprehensive analysis of metabolic genes related to apoptotic autophagy in premature ovarian failure with acupuncture intervention
Authors: Zhou Ziyang , Xia QIngchang , Cui Wenzhe , Yu Xiaohua , Yu Hui , Sun Yingchao , Li Ran , Cheng Yixin , Dong Jingwen , Cao Wen , Geng Runjie , Chen Jinshu , Zhao Ruoxi , Zhang Jing , Yuan Yonghao 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The apoptotic autophagy pathway in premature ovarian failure has received much attention in recent years. To explore the specific mechanism of the effect of acupuncture in the treatment of POF, the group will further investigate the role of genes related to the profiling system. METHODS: In this study, we first searched POF using the databases GEO, GAD, and DigSeE, and then explored the relevant gene functions by enrichment analysis. Also, the association with acupuncture intervention was verified by using the databases DAB and TTD. Next, protein interaction networks were mapped and analyzed using CytoScape 3.2.1 software, the databases STRING and DAVID, which were explored in depth by consensus clustering and regression analysis optimization. Finally, the prediction model was constructed and tested through bibliometrics, confirming that the study is reliable and in good agreement with the conclusions obtained by the current leading researchers. RESULTS: We collated apoptotic autophagy-related genes and found that the mechanism of action of acupuncture intervention in premature ovarian failure may be related to PI3K/Akt-mediated apoptosis and autophagic processes in granulosa cells. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the mechanism of action of acupuncture intervention in premature ovarian failure may be related to the cell proliferation and apoptosis pathway represented by PI3K/Akt, which alters the number of primordial follicles and affects ovarian reserve function through bioactive factor effects during follicular atresia.
The global crisis of mining in tropical rivers
Authors: Dethier Evan , Silman Miles , Leiva Jimena Díaz , Alqahtani Sarra , Fernandez Luis , Pauca Paúl , Çamalan Seda , Magilligan Francis , Renshaw Carl , Lutz David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rapidly increasing mining in rivers across the global tropics has major, interrelated consequences for ecosystems and human health. River mining involves intensive excavation and sediment processing in river corridors, altering river form and releasing excess sediment to river waters. Contaminants such as mercury and cyanide are used in some operations and are also released to the environment. Although river mining has been investigated at local and regional scales, no global synthesis of its physical footprint and impacts on hydrologic systems exists, so its full environmental consequences are not known. We assemble and analyze a 37 yr satellite database showing that river mining is pervasive globally. We identify 381 mining districts in 49 countries, concentrated in tropical waterways that are almost universally degraded. Of 173 mining-affected rivers, 80% have suspended sediment concentrations double pre-mining levels. In countries where mining affects large (>50 m wide) rivers, 23 ± 19% of large river length is altered by mining-derived sediment, a globe-spanning effect representing 5–7% of all large tropical river reaches. Mining intensity has rapidly increased during 21st-century global financial insecurity and rising demand for precious minerals. The ubiquity and intensity of mining degradation in tropical river systems is a global crisis.
Identification of bioactive and anticancer properties of Bidens pilosa L. in-vitro evidence
Authors: Said Walid , Khattab Abeer A. , Aly Saadia H. , Khalil Hany , Abo-Elmaaty Sabah A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most widespread primary liver cancer, with a projected prevalence of more than 1 million cases by 2025. HCC severely affects the entire human population and continues to be a serious global challenge. There is an urgent need for novel therapies to treat and prevent this potentially fatal disease. Bidens pilosa and Trianthema portulacastrum are noteworthy weeds that include a series of bioactive flavonoid constituents, hence, they can be utilized as potential health supplements and readily available sources of natural antioxidants, as well as effective constituents in medicinal applications. The current study aims to examine the efficiency of B. pilosa and T. portulacastrum extracts against HCC using the HepG2 cell line. B. pilosa and T. portulacastrum fresh leaf extracts were prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide. The obtained extracts were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity and potential CC50 using the MTT assay in HepG2 cell lines and normal cells. The relative messenger RNA (mRNA) of RAF-1, MEK-1, LC3B, and Atg12 genes was quantified using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect the expression levels of autophagy-related genes in HepG2 cells in-vitro for HCC activity. Additionally, an ELISA assay was carried out for the quantification analysis of the released interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α). B. pilosa extract's cytotoxic activity confirmed its potential action on HepG2 cell lines upon treatment compared with normal cells. It was assessed for cytotoxicity using molecular studies against both RAF-1 and MEK-1 as proposed anticancer mechanisms and showed promising inhibitory activity against RAF-1 and MEK-1 gene expression. The ELISA assay revealed a substantial elevation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β upon treatment. This study found that B. pilosa extract had potential inhibitory activities against both RAF-1 and MEK-1 gene expression, and a significant reduction in the relative expression of both LC3B and Atg12 genes upon treatment, without any detectable cytotoxic effects. This extract caused highly significant suppression of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway of tumor proliferation and induced an apoptotic signaling pathway. Hence, it could provide a lead structure for drug development strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma to be used in pharmaceutical preparations.
Ecological indexes of arthropods on Sapindus saponaria plants with dehydrated sewage sludge as fertilizer
Authors: Teixeira David Lopes , Leite Germano Leão Demolin , Sampaio Regynaldo Arruda , Tavares Wagner Souza , Filho Tarcísio Marcos Macedo Mota , Serrão José Eduardo , Zanetti Ronald , Camargo Roberto Silva , Zanuncio José Cola 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plant species, monitoring measures, and alternative fertilization with sewage sludge accelerate recovering of degraded areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the numbers of leaves/branch and branches/plant of Sapindus saponaria L., the ground cover by this plant and the ecological indexes of abundance, diversity, and species richness of insects and spiders, and of their interactions, during 24 months on trees grown in a degraded area with or without dehydrated sewage sludge as fertilizer. The metrics of plant, soil cover, and arthropods were higher on the S. saponaria plants fertilized with dehydrated sewage sludge. The abundance of chewing insects, tending ants, and spiders was greater on larger S. saponaria tree crown. The abundance of these last groups of organisms associated, negatively, with that of Coleoptera, but those of ants reduced that of the predators. The ecological indexes of arthropods on S. saponaria plants shows the suitability of this plant for recovering programs of degraded areas and the use of dehydrated sewage sludge as fertilizer increased these indices and the possibility of using insects and spiders on the crown of this plant as bioindicators.
Hypomethylation of TL1A and its decoy receptor 3(DR3) expressive level increase have diagnostic value in HBV-associated cirrhosis
Authors: Wei Xue-Fei , Zhu Jin-Yu , Liu Hui-Hui , Su Xing , Li Ji-Hui , Fan Yu-Chen , Wang Kai 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: For patients with cirrhosis, early diagnosis is the key to delay the development of liver fibrosis and improve prognosis. TNFSF15, a gene encoding TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A) as a susceptibility gene for hepatic fibrosis. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of TL1A and DR3 in the development of cirrhosis and fibrosis. Methods: All total of 200 patients, including 107 with HBV-associated LC patients, 63 CHB and 30 healthy controls. Then we were analysed the expression of TL1A, DcR3 and other inflammatory cytokines associated with liver fibrosis by using quantify DNA methylation, qPCR and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum and PBMCs.Results: PBMCs TL1A methylation level was significantly lower in patients with HBV-associated LC than the other groups while mRNA level of TL1A was significantly higher in LC group. In addition, serum TL1A and DcR3 expression level was increased in the LC patients. Conclusions: Hypomethylation of the TL1A promoter is present in HBV-associated LC, and TL1A and DR3 are highly expressed in HBV-associated cirrhosis. These results indicate that TL1A and DR3 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of LC and TL1A methylation levels may serve as a noninvasive biomarker for early diagnosis and progression of LC.
Genome-wide Analysis of the Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) HSP70 Gene Family: Identification, Genomic Organization and Expression Profiles in Response to Drought Stress
Authors: Büyük İlker , OKAY Aybüke , İLHAN Emre , AYTAÇ Selim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As a class of heat shock proteins (HSP), HSP70 proteins are critical for cell growth and survival in many living organisms. They are essential protein regulators that tend to maintain cell stability through their chaperone functions. The mechanisms that HSP70 proteins develop by interacting with other proteins enable plants to develop an adaptive defense mechanism by participating in abiotic stress responses. HSP70 proteins in the rapidly developing hemp (C. sativa L.) plant in the agricultural and industrial market were studied in this study, and 16 members were identified. The phylogeny, chromosomal location, protein motifs, gene structures, orthologous relationships, 3D protein models, promoter regions, miRNA structures, gene ontology analyses and potential roles of the CsHSP70 proteins were investigated. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analyses were conducted using a publicly available RNAseq data from the hemp plant, whose biochemical reactions were examined under drought stress, and it was found that it played essential regulatory functions.
Sucrosomial® iron effectiveness in recovering from mild and moderate iron-deficiency anemia in the postpartum period
Authors: Antoine Edu , Mehedintu Claudia , Mitran Mihai , Diculescu Doru 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Postpartum iron deficiency anemia (PPIDA) is highly prevalent in developing countries where it constitutes an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Potential determinants of PPIDA are prepartum iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia in association with severe blood loss during delivery. We investigated the efficacy of oral Sucrosomial® iron for recover from mild-to-moderate PPIDA. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in three medical centers in Romania. Adult women (≥18y) with mild (hemoglobin [Hb] 9-11 g/dL) or moderate (Hb 7-9 g/dL) PPIDA diagnosed at screening (2-24 hours after delivery) were eligible. Women with mild PPIDA received oral Sucrosomial® iron (Pharmanutra, S.p.A, Italy) once daily (30 mg elemental iron per capsule) for 60 days. Those with moderate PPIDA received oral Sucrosomial® iron twice daily (60 mg elemental iron) for 10 days, followed by a 50-day course of oral Sucrosomial® iron once daily (30 mg elemental iron). Laboratory parameters, as well as subjective clinical symptoms using a 3-point Likert Scale, were assessed at baseline and on study days 10, 30 and 60. Results: Sixty anemic women entered the study, but three were missed during follow-up. At day 60, a Hb rise was observed in both groups (+3.6±1.5 g/dL; p<0.01), 81% experienced correction of anemia (Hb ≥12 g/dL), 36% achieved a ferritin concentration ≥30 ng/mL (p<0.05), and 54% a transferrin saturation (TSAT) ≥20% (p<0.01). For women still anemic at day 60, mean Hb was close to normality (11.3±0.8 g/dL). Resolution of IDA-associated clinical symptoms was already observed just 10 days after treatment initiation. No patient discontinued treatment due to gastrointestinal adverse events. Conclusions: Sucrosomial® iron was shown to be effective and well tolerated at treating mild and moderate PPIDA. These results encourage the use of oral Sucrosomial® iron as a treatment option for PPIDA, but larger studies with longer follow-up are warrant.
Head mounted projector for manual precision tasks: performance assessment
Authors: Mamone Virginia , Ferrari Vincenzo , D'Amato Renzo , Condino Sara , Cattari Nadia , Ferrari Mauro , Cutolo Fabrizio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The growing interest in augmented reality applications has led to an in-depth look at the performance of head-mounted displays and their testing in numerous domains. Other devices for augmenting the real world with virtual information are presented less frequently and usually focus on the description of the device rather than on its performance analysis. This is the case of projected augmented reality, which, compared to head-worn AR displays, offers the advantages of being simultaneously accessible by multiple users whilst preserving user awareness of the environment and feeling of immersion. This work provides a general evaluation of a head-mounted projector for precision manual tasks and a detailed description of the experimental protocol applied for investigating spatial and temporal registration and their combination in a user test. The results show that the accuracy and latency of the device make it suitable for guiding precision tasks.
A novel method for detection and classification of multiple disesases using trasfer learning
based deep learning techniques with improved performance
Authors: Natarajan Krishnamoorthy , Loganathan Ashok Kumar , Lamba Ravita , Muthusamy Suresh , Thangaraj Kokilavani , Kottapalli Rajyalakshmi , Shanmugam Sanjay Nithish Kokila , Murugesan Sarveshwaran , Shanmugam Sarathkumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A disease is a distinct abnormal state that significantly affects the functioning of all or part of an individual and is not caused by external harm. Diseases are frequently understood to be medical conditions that are connected with distinct indications and symptoms. According to a fairly wide categorization, diseases can also be categorised as follows –mental disorders, deficient diseases, genetic diseases, degenerative diseases, self-inflicted diseases, infectious diseases, non- infectious diseases, social diseases, physical diseases. Prevention of the diseases are of multiple instances. Primary prevention seeks to prevent illness or harm before it ever happens. Secondary prevention tries to lessen the effect of an illness or damage that has already happened. This is done through diagnosing and treating illness or injury as soon as feasible to stop or delay its course, supporting personal ways to avoid recurrence or reinjury, and implementing programmes to restore individuals to their previous health and function to prevent long-term difficulties. Tertiary prevention tries to lessen the impact of a continuing sickness or injury that has enduring repercussions. Diagnosis of the disease at the earlier stage is important for the treatment of the disease. Hence here in this study deep learnming algorithms such as VGG16, EfficientNetB4, ResNet, etc.., are utilized to diagnose various diseases such as Alzheimer, Brain tumors, Skin diseases, lung diseases, etc..,.Chest X-Rays, MRI scans, CT scans, skin lesions are used for the diagnosis of the mentioned diseases. Transfer learning algorithms VGG16, VGG19, ResNet, InceptionV3 and EfficientNetB4 are utilised to categorise various diseases. EfficientNetB4 with the learning rate annealing having obtained an accuracy of 94.04% on the test dataset. As a consequence, we observed that every network has unique particular skills on the Multi Disease dataset which includes the chest x-rays, MRI scans, etc.
Deep-learning-based automatic detection of pulmonary nodules from chest radiographs
Authors: Ajmera Pranav , Pant Richa , Seth Jitesh , Ghuwalewala Suraj , Kathuria Sahil , Rathi Snehal , Patil Sonali , Edara Manaswini , Saini Mukul , Raj Preeti , Duddalwar Vinay , Kulkarni VM , Patil Parag , Kulkarni Viraj , Kharat Amit 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Most early lung cancers appear as pulmonary nodules on medical imaging, however, radiologists frequently overlook these on chest radiographs. We assessed if a deep learning-based artificial intelligence model can help detect pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs and compared its performance with board-certified human readers.
Methods
For this retrospective study, 308 chest radiographs were obtained between January 2019 to December 2021 from a tertiary care hospital. All radiographs were analyzed using a deep learning AI model called DxNodule AI Screen. Two expert board-certified radiologists established the ground truth, and 11 test readers independently reviewed all radiographs in two sessions (unaided and AI-aided mode) with a washout period of one month.
Results
The standalone model had an AUROC of 0.905 [0.87, 0.94] in detecting pulmonary nodules. The mean AUROC across the 11 readers improved from 0.798 [0.74, 0.86] for unaided interpretation to 0.846 [0.82, 0.880] for AI-aided interpretation. With DxNodule AI Screen, readers were able to identify nodules at the correct locations, which they otherwise missed. The mean specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV of the readers improved significantly from 0.87 [0.78, 0.96], 0.78 [0.72, 0.84], 0.77 [0.65, 0.88], and 0.86 [0.81, 0.90] in the unaided session to 0.89 [0.82, 0.96], 0.83 [0.80, 0.85], 0.82 [0.73, 0.9], and 0.89 [0.86, 0.92], respectively in the aided session.
Conclusion
DxNodule AI Screen outperformed human readers in nodule detection performance on chest radiographs, and enhanced human readers’ performances when used as an aid.