bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of TACE Combined with Regorafenib versus TACE in the Third-Line Treatment of Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Lu Haohao , Zheng Chuansheng , Fan Li , Xiong Bin 
Published: December 2022

Background. The liver is the most common site of metastasis in colorectal cancer. In patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases, the 5-year survival rate is less than 5%. Many patients with colorectal liver metastases require effective subsequent therapy after the failure of standard first-line/second-line therapy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of TACE combined with Regorafenib versus TACE in the third-line treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases. Method. The clinical data of 132 patients with colorectal liver metastases were collected. There were two groups: TACE + Regorafenib group (N = 63); TACE group (N = 69). TACE uses CalliSpheres® drug-loaded microspheres (loaded with irinotecan). Regorafenib is administered at a dose of 120 mg once daily. If the patient is severely intolerable, the regorafenib dose is adjusted to 80 mg once daily. Primary study endpoints were (1) to evaluate the tumor response, ORR, and DCR and (2) to evaluate OS and PFS in the two groups. Secondary study endpoints were (1) to compare the performance status, CEA, CA19-9 after treatment between the two groups and (2) to compare the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. Results. There were significant differences in tumor response, ORR, DCR, OS, and PFS after treatment between the two groups. TACE combined with the Regorafenib group versus the TACE group: ORR (57.1% vs 33.3%), DCR (82.5% vs 68.1%), mOS (18.2 months vs 11.3 months), and mPFS (8.9 months vs 5.3 months). The performance status after treatment was better in the TACE + Regorafenib group than in the TACE group (

P

< 0.05). The CEA and CA19-9 negative rates after treatment were higher in the TACE + Regorafenib group than in the TACE group (

P

< 0.05). Conclusion. For the third-line treatment of colorectal liver metastases, the combination of TACE + Regorafenib had better tumor response, OS, and PFS than TACE TACE + Regorafenib combination could be considered as salvage therapy for colorectal liver metastases who failed the first- and second-line standard therapy.
Current Indications for Intraarterial Chemotherapy in Neurointerventional Surgery
Authors: Mott Bryan T. , Iyer Ankitha , Smith Eleanor , Fargen Kyle , Brown Patrick , Wolfe Stacey Quintero 
Published: December 2022

Background
In pursuit of a cure for cancer, it is imperative to utilize every tool, resource, and strategy. Included under this umbrella is the optimization of drug delivery. Broadly speaking, anti‐cancer treatment has been perpetually hindered by off‐target activity, systemic toxicity, and other adverse reactions. Intraarterial (IA) delivery of therapeutics is an approach that has garnered increased attention in recent years. This approach can deliver drug directly to the desired site with the potential to minimize systemic toxicity.

Methods
In this review, we briefly cover existing IA indications for peripheral solid tumors as a base from which we can learn, followed by trials and procedural considerations of IA drug delivery for neck, head, and central nervous system tumors.

Results
While the bulk of IA research and clinical trials have focused on drug delivery outside of the central nervous system, there have been recent encouraging results in IA tumor treatment within the neurointerventional arena, such as head and neck tumors, retinoblastoma, glioblastoma multiforme, and central nervous system lymphoma.

Conclusion
This review highlights the need for increased clinical research on IA chemotherapeutic delivery as a multi‐disciplinary approach involving neurointerventional surgeons.
Choice Type Impacts Human Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Rmus Milena , Zou Amy , Collins Anne G. E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In reinforcement learning (RL) experiments, participants learn to make rewarding choices in response to different stimuli; RL models use outcomes to estimate stimulus–response values that change incrementally. RL models consider any response type indiscriminately, ranging from more concretely defined motor choices (pressing a key with the index finger), to more general choices that can be executed in a number of ways (selecting dinner at the restaurant). However, does the learning process vary as a function of the choice type? In Experiment 1, we show that it does: Participants were slower and less accurate in learning correct choices of a general format compared with learning more concrete motor actions. Using computational modeling, we show that two mechanisms contribute to this. First, there was evidence of irrelevant credit assignment: The values of motor actions interfered with the values of other choice dimensions, resulting in more incorrect choices when the correct response was not defined by a single motor action; second, information integration for relevant general choices was slower. In Experiment 2, we replicated and further extended the findings from Experiment 1 by showing that slowed learning was attributable to weaker working memory use, rather than slowed RL. In both experiments, we ruled out the explanation that the difference in performance between two condition types was driven by difficulty/different levels of complexity. We conclude that defining a more abstract choice space used by multiple learning systems for credit assignment recruits executive resources, limiting how much such processes then contribute to fast learning.
Tangling with the Entangled Brain: Putting the Global Back into the Local
Authors: Sadaghiani Sepideh , Alderson Thomas H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pessoa's precis The Entangled Brain is a call to action. The larger concepts resonate with existing complex systems frameworks in general and in neuroscience in particular, especially in the fields of connectomics and criticality [Cocchi, L., Gollo, L. L., Zalesky, A., & Breakspear, M. Criticality in the brain: A synthesis of neurobiology, models and cognition. Progress in Neurobiology, 158, 132–152, 2017; Bassett, D. S., & Gazzaniga, M. S. Understanding complexity in the human brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 200–209, 2011]. What is provocative from our perspective is that despite recognizing the brain as a complex system, the experimental approaches adopted by our community largely fail to align with this recognition. In this commentary, we lay out the fundamental challenge Pessoa brings to the neuroscience community: to engage with the brain, conceptually and experimentally, as a complex whole.
Syria Conflict and its Impact
Authors: Qandeel Mais , Sommer Jamie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Syrian war has caused catastrophic damage to the lives and livelihoods of millions of people. Chemical attacks in particular have been tremendously devastating to both humans and wildlife ecosystems. Building on previous research in international humanitarian law (ihl) and the protection of the environment, this article identifies the immediate and long-term impact that the use and storage of chemical weapons has on the environment as against the shortcomings in legal coverage for the same. This article further argues that existing ihl provisions addressing the consequences of environmental warfare are fragmented at best, even when applied to a current case that most would consider to be highly applicable to ihl.
Weaving Emotions, Transforming Families: Gendered Power Relations in Filipino Migrant Family Reunification Experiences
Authors: Abrugena Justine Grace N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This essay discusses the transformations of family relations, dynamics and structures after reunification of Filipino migrant families in Barcelona, Spain. Ethnographic data were drawn from the narratives of eight Filipino reunited families in Barcelona. The study is anchored on a framework intertwining theories of transnationalism, gender, and family through an emotions lens in migration studies. The results bring to the fore the significance of emotions, and how emotions stem from gendered and cultural ideas. More specifically, as emotions shape migrant behaviour and decision-making in relation to reunification, so they are implicated in the transformation of power relations, roles, hierarchies and values within the family. This essay provides a typology of emotions, practices and processes in transnational family reunification that goes beyond emotional discourse in migration framed as the ‘pursuit of happiness’. Data analysis provides three sets of typology: euphoria and guilt; dependency; indebtedness and helplessness; and resentment and gratitude.
Digital Mosque: Muslim Communities in Germany and Their Digital Strategies in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tabti Samira 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19-effect, without overestimating it, seems to contribute to raising the use of digital media and online communication in Muslim communities. Digitisation is increasingly finding its way into community work and is changing communication and working methods. Many Muslim communities in Germany have improved and expanded their online services since the 2020 pandemic. Mosque communities most frequently use Facebook and their websites. They digitise, present, and archive religious content on commercial online platforms. In doing so, they create alternative forms of public visibility. However, the topics of COVID-19 and digital online media also produce theological discourses that deal with questions of the possibilities and limits of digitalisation. Especially when it comes to the extent how which religious content and religious practices can be digitised and digitalised.
Vessel diameter and vulnerability to drought-induced embolism: within-tissue and across-species patterns and the issue of survivorship bias
Authors: Hacke Uwe G. , Jacobsen Anna L. , Pratt R. Brandon 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Sherwin Carlquist was aware that wood represents a compromise between transport efficiency and safety. He considered wide vessels to be more vulnerable to drought-induced embolism than narrow conduits. He proposed that narrow vessels might provide redundancy and conductive safety. Research on vessel diameter and safety emerged in the 1970s and has dramatically grown in recent years showing the transformative impact these concepts have had on current research. We show how our experimental work largely supports Carlquist’s assumptions on the vulnerability of wide vessels. Although there is great variability in the vulnerability of narrow vessels, the data show that wide vessels are always vulnerable. We offer explanations for why narrow vessels differ in their vulnerability, and these explanations are rooted in Carlquist’s observations on the woody Californian flora. We recognize that there is disagreement among researchers on the correlation between vessel diameter and vulnerability to drought-induced embolism. In relation to this, we discuss the issue of flushing, i.e., whether embolism should be removed prior to generating a vulnerability to cavitation curve. Constructing a vulnerability curve from native samples that contain a substantial fraction of embolized vessels is an example of ‘survivorship bias’ because only those vessels that remained functional through a past selection process are included. Survivorship bias can lead to false conclusions on the relationship between vessel diameter and embolism resistance. This is especially the case because anatomical measures rarely incorporate functional information on the selection of measured vessels, leading to a mismatch between vessels evaluated for function and anatomy.
Comparative Outline of the Terms “Great Unification”, “China”, and “All-under-Heaven”
Authors: Yang Nianqun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The concepts “Great Unification” (Dayitong 大一統), “China” (Zhongguo 中國), and “all-under-Heaven” (Tianxia 天下) are all research topics which continue to attract the focus of the Chinese historical community. The three concepts are both related and different. This paper conducts a preliminary comparative analysis of the content of the three concepts and the role that they play in specific historical studies. It finds that the concept “China” emphasizes the origin of Huaxia 華夏 civilization and its significance as a center for expansion and Sinicization of surrounding ethnic groups. The concept “all-under-Heaven,” meanwhile, places more stress on the overall political governance relationship between the center and the periphery. Finally, the concept “Great Unification” focuses on the process by which a dynasty establishes its legitimacy in terms of both ideology and practice. Only by examining the three concepts together can we fully grasp the overall direction and characteristics of Chinese history.
The Earliest “China”: The Concept of Zhongguo during the Xia, Shang, and Western Zhou Dynasties
Authors: Zhao Yongchun , Chi Anran 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The inscription of “He Zun” 何尊 and the “Zicai” 梓材 in Shangshu 尚書, both of which record events during the early Western Zhou dynasty, are historical texts containing the earliest appearance of the term zhongguo 中國. The zhongguo in those texts was a concept which was extremely rich in meaning. It does not refer specifically to the Luoyang 洛陽 region, which was then considered the heart of the Chinese kingdom, but rather refers to the capital in a geographical sense as well as the state in a political sense. When zhongguo first appeared in writing, it did not refer to China and Chinese culture yet. It was neither a racial concept which referred specifically to the Chinese race, nor a cultural concept which referred to Chinese culture. When zhongguo first appeared in writing during the early Zhou dynasty, it was a written record of the concept of zhongguo which was already in wide circulation in society at that time. In fact, the concept of zhongguo probably originated even before the early Western Zhou dynasty. Noting the origins of concepts such as zhong 中 and dizhong 地中 (the center of the land), some archaeologists have concluded that zhongguo first appeared during the Taosi 陶寺 period, the Miaodigou 廟底溝 period, or the Erlitou 二里頭 period. Studying these archaeological findings in conjunction with recounts regarding zhongguo in historical texts, it is probably historically accurate to date the earliest appearance of the concept of zhongguo to the founding of the Xia dynasty.
Ekphrastic Expression of Western Painting and Cultural In-Betweenness in Evliyâ Çelebi’s Seyahatnâme (The Book of Travels)
Authors: Kaya Nilay 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ekphrasis, a part of the ancient Greek and Roman rhetorical practices, is, in its most basic sense, the verbal expression of a visual object. Since the description of Achilles’ shield in Homer’s Iliad, ekphrasis has been a literary practice used for the portrayal of visual artworks through fiction and poetry, as well as in prose written in history, art criticism and travelogues. Ekphrasis is a convenient literary tool for analysing the author’s treatment of the object depicted. Ekphrastic studies enable the identification of the author’s relationship with objectivity and subjectivity, and the building blocks of the said subjectivity, through literary elements. What kind of fictional language does ekphrasis, which is essentially the act of making the mute object speak, point to, in Evliya Çelebi’s representation? This article will aim to examine the subjective factors, personal taste and cultural positioning that emerge in Evliyâ Çelebi’s writing practice, mainly in his “ekphrastic” narration of the Western paintings that he saw in the Balkans and Vienna, which he describes in great detail in his Seyahatnâme. It is of the author’s opinion that, although Evliyâ Çelebi’s cultural positioning imposed limitations on his aesthetic perception and ekphrastic narration, he had an admiration for the Western art; and his “actual” cultural position manifests itself in an “in-betweenness” in the East-West spiral, which also reflects his unique literary mode.
Landscape Painting in the Tang Dynasty: On “Changes” and the Historical Constitution of the Concept
Authors: Ning Xiaomeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Focusing on the “bian” (changes) of Chinese landscape painting in the Tang Dynasty, this essay seeks to expound a breakthrough in the study of painting in the dynasty. Such a study was once difficult to carry out in the form of pictorial and stylistic analyses due to the lack of physical works. By showing that the prevailing landscape paintings of two representative painters Wu Daozi and Li Sixun were at the time most likely to be dominated by the sutra paintings and pictures of the immortal land, the essay attempts to demonstrate that the meaning of “changes” in landscape painting lies more in the change of style in representing landscape and the attitude of critics towards landscape paintings than in the change of subject matter. Meanwhile, it is worth noting that historical narratives also played a key role in constituting the concept of “landscape painting.” The focus on and analysis of the historical constitution itself provide people with another possible and feasible research approach in addition to the one based on the analysis of works and images.
Dendrochronological Research in Amsterdam Monuments: House Building, Timber Trade, and Methodological Implications
Authors: van Tussenbroek Gabri 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Between 2006 and 2022 dendrochronological research on buildings was conducted in the historical inner city of Amsterdam with the aim to obtain knowledge about the dating of structures and increase knowledge about the use of wood, its origin, and the timber market in the past. This study highlights three topics: (1) house building in Amsterdam and the transition from oak to pine for construction timber around 1600, which led to new solutions in the construction of houses; (2) the availability of timber with various provenances in the local market and the varied applications of different timber products in construction; (3) the methodological implications of dendrochronology for building historical research. The question to be addressed is the extent to which dendrochronological research provides new knowledge about the building history of an entire city. The significance and quality of this material source was compared with written sources, showing that dendrochronological research can lead to new interpretations of archival material.
The Development and Preliminary Validation of a Measure of Victimization within the Friendships of Emerging Adults
Authors: Dryburgh Nicole S. J. , Martin-Storey Alexa , Craig Wendy M. , Dirks Melanie A. 
Published: December 2022

For emerging adults, high-quality friendships can be an important source of companionship and support. The most commonly studied negative interaction between friends is conflict, yet work with youth suggests more serious victimization also occurs in friendship. In the current study, we developed and obtained preliminary psychometric evidence for the Friendship Victimization Scale, a measure that assesses physical, sexual, relational, and verbal forms of victimization in the friendships of emerging adults, as well as coercive and controlling behaviors. Emerging adults ( N = 316, Mage = 21.27 years, SD = 1.47; 60.4% women, 37.0% men; 59.2% White) completed the Friendship Victimization Scale along with measures to examine construct validity. The majority of the sample reported experiencing at least one act of victimization by a friend, and men reported more victimization than did women. Results supported a 2-factor structure, with relational and verbal victimization loading on one factor and physical and sexual victimization and controlling behaviors loading on the other. Cronbach’s alphas exceeded .90 for the total score and both subscales. Greater friendship victimization was predicted by negative features in each of a best and a challenging friendship, even after accounting for negative features in a dating relationship, and was unrelated to positive features in any of these relationships. Overall, results indicate that victimization is common in emerging adults’ friendships. The findings provide preliminary evidence for the utility of the Friendship Victimization Scale as a measure of this understudied source of risk in the interpersonal lives of emerging adults.
“Once you open that door, it’s a floodgate”: Exploring work-related grief among community service workers providing care for structurally vulnerable populations at the end of life through participatory action research
Authors: Giesbrecht Melissa , Mollison Ashley , Whitlock Kara , Stajduhar Kelli I 
Published: December 2022

Background: At the end of life, people experiencing structural vulnerability (e.g. homelessness, poverty, stigmatization) rely on community service workers to fill gaps in access to traditional palliative services. Although high levels of burnout are reported, little is known about these workers’ experiences of grief. Aim: To explore community service workers’ experiences of grief to identify ways of providing more tailored, meaningful, and equitable supports. Design: A community-based participatory action research methodology, informed by equity perspectives, was employed. Setting/participants: In an urban center in western Canada, community service worker (primary) participants ( n = 18) were engaged as members of an action team. A series of 18 action cycles took place, with secondary participants ( n = 48) (e.g. palliative, social care, housing support, etc.) being recruited throughout the research process. Focus groups ( n = 5) and evaluative interviews ( n = 13) with participants were conducted. Structured observational field notes ( n = 34) were collected during all team meetings and community interventions. Interpretive thematic analysis ensued through a collaborative and iterative process. Results: During initial meetings, action team participants described experiences of compounding distress, grief, and multiple loss. Analysis showed workers are: (1) grieving as family, not just providers; (2) experiencing complex layers of compounded grief; and (3) are fearful to open the “floodgates” to grief. Conclusions: Findings contribute to our understanding on the inequitable distribution of grief across society. A collective and material response is needed, including witnessing, acknowledging and valuing the grief process; facilitating community wellness, collective grieving, and advocacy; and providing training and tools in a palliative approach to care.