bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of Ophiorrhine A, G and Ophiorrhiside E Featuring a Bioinspired Intramolecular Diels–Alder Cycloaddition**
Authors: Cao Wei , Dou Yingchao , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Vincent Guillaume 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report the first total synthesis of the monoterpene indole alkaloids ophiorrhine A via a late stage bioinspired intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition to form the intricate bridged and spirannic polycyclic system. Several strategies were investigated to construct the indolopyridone moiety of ophiorrhiside E, the postulated biosynthetic precursor of ophiorrhine A. Eventually, the Friedel–Crafts‐type coupling of N‐methyl indolyl‐acetamide with a secologanin‐derived acid chloride delivered ophiorrhine G. Cyclodehydration of a protected form of the latter was followed by the desired spontaneous intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition of protected ophiorrhiside E leading to ophiorrhine A.
Synthesis of hollow spherical polyaniline by using poly(styrene‐co‐acrylic acid) sphere as the template for high adsorption of Cr(VI)
Authors: Chang Hejia , Meng Qinghu , Liu Defa , Wu Yue , Yang Zhizhou , Sun Bin , Liu Fang , Liu Yu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSynthesis of hollow spherical polyaniline (HSPANI) with the merits of facile strategy, low cost, low safety risk and high adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) is always a big challenge. In this manuscript, we proposed a facile way to preparation of HSPANI by using the poly(styrene‐co‐acrylic acid) sphere as template. The results indicated that HSPANI was emeraldine comprised of lots of basically uniform hollow spheres, and its average pore diameter was about 300 nm. HSPANI displayed high adsorption capacity of Cr(VI), and its value arrived at 601.3, 347.8, 235 mg g−1 at pH = 1, 2, and 3, respectively, which were high than many other adsorbents. The endothermic, spontaneous and chemical adsorption process was responsible for this adsorption. The Cr(VI) adsorption capacity was significant relied on its pH, contact time, Cr(VI) concentration and adsorption temperature. The adsorption behavior was well agreed with pseudo second‐order equation and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models. HSPANI exhibited remarkable selectivity for adsorption of Cr(VI) even if the K+, Cu2+, NO3− and SO42− were coexisted. HSPANI also displayed excellent regeneration performance. Therefore, this work not only provided a facile way to synthesis of hollow spherical polyaniline, but also supplied a potential adsorbent for adsorption of Cr(VI) from the industrial wastewater.
Silk fibroin/calcium alginate composite modifying supermacroporous molecularly imprinted membrane synthesis for high performance on recognizing bovine hemoglobin
Authors: Fan Jie‐Ping , Huang Cong‐Bo , Cheng Yu‐Tong , Xie Chun‐Fang , Chen Hui‐Ping , Peng Hai‐Long 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBio‐macromolecule hemoglobin (Hb) is a kind of iron‐rich metalloprotein that abundant in erythrocytes with various physiological properties. Separating Hb from bio‐matrix with high efficacy is crucial to Hb application but quite challenging. In this study, a supermacroporous molecularly imprinted membrane (MIM) was prepared with high performance on recognizing bovine hemoglobin (BHb). By using the silk fibroin and calcium alginate as mechanical modifiers, the mechanical strength of the prepared membrane was significantly improved to at around 0.25 MPa, and the supermacroporous structure in MIM was also formed. The MIM adsorption capacity of BHb was as high as 121.8 mg g−1at the initial concentration of 0.5 mg mL−1. The MIM separation factor of BHb from BHb/BSA mixtures was as high as 7.34, and the relative imprinting factor was at around 4.0. The prepared MIM demonstrated the superiority and the valuable application prospect on specific separation of BHb.
Design and optimization of superabsorbent hydrogels based on acrylic acid/2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid copolymers
Authors: Jomeh Farsangi Zohreh , Song Xuedong , Yang Kaiyuan , Hoare Todd 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlthough acrylic acid‐based superabsorbent hydrogels (SAHs) are widely used in hygiene and personal care applications, the low degrees of true ionization in such SAHs under practical application places a limit on the degree of superabsorbency that can be achieved. Herein, the preparation and optimization of SAHs based on copolymers of acrylic acid (AA) with 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), a strong acid comonomer that remains ionized at all relevant physiological pH values, is described. AA‐AMPS recipes optimized using a central composite design response surface method demonstrate significantly enhanced absorbance under load (AUL) values (>15–20% increase) and comparable centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) values compared to the corresponding AA‐only controls while maintaining strong mechanics even in the swollen state (as much as twice the modulus of the commercial AA‐based superabsorbent). The simplicity of this recipe, coupled with the reproducible achievement of the improved superabsorbency properties using a small adaptation of the commercial SAH synthesis protocol, makes AA‐AMPS superabsorbent hydrogels potential candidates for use in commercial hygiene products.
Free volume in carbon‐black‐filled isoprene rubber investigated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy
Authors: Chiari Luca , Nippa Madoka , Ikeda Yuko , Sato Tomoyuki , Tsujimoto Yuji , Kato Atsushi , Chiba Naomichi , Fujinami Masanori 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe free volume in the amorphous phase of a simple carbon‐black‐filled peroxide cross‐linked isoprene rubber (IR) is investigated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy to clarify the structural changes in the rubber phase by the carbon black (CB) fillers. The ortho‐positronium (o‐Ps) pick‐off annihilation lifetime measured in the rubber without CB is around 2.8 ns and is found to be almost constant even after CB filling. This result indicates that in a portion of the rubber phase the free volume remains similar in size to that in the cross‐linked IR without CB. The o‐Ps intensity drastically decreases from 37% without CB to 15% with a CB loading as high as 80 phr. This decline is revealed to exceed the contribution, which is expected only from the decrease in the fraction of the amorphous phase by CB addition, by a factor of 0.37 at the highest CB loading. The additional reduction is related to the generation of a bound rubber layer surrounding the CB fillers with low molecular‐chain mobility where positronium formation is inhibited. The decrease rate is found to represent the volume of this rigid rubber phase and strongly depend on the formation of the CB network structure.
The effect of hydroxyapatite filler on biodegradable poly(sorbitol sebacate malate) composites
Authors: Yusoff Noor Izyan Syazana Mohd , Tham Weng Hong , Wahit Mat Uzir , Abdul Kadir Mohammed Rafiq , Wong Tuck‐Whye 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBiodegradable poly(sorbitol sebacate malate)/hydroxyapatite (PSSM/HA) composites were successfully synthesized through one step catalyst‐free polycondensation of sorbitol, sebacic acid, malic acid, and HA powder as filler for the composites. The addition of HA improved the tensile modulus and strength of the materials compared with pure PSSM. The elongation at break of the composites was slightly reduced with increasing HA content. The PSSM and HA showed good compatibility, which was evidenced by good distributions of HA particles in the matrix. In vitro degradation and cytotoxicity tests were conducted to investigate the degradation profile and the toxicity of the biocomposites, respectively. The biocomposites also degraded nearly up to ~50% after 6 weeks of study and the degradation products were shown non‐cytotoxic. It was observed that the biocomposites were soft, elastic with Young's modulus and also biodegradable which is potential to be used in biomedical fields such as tissue engineering application.
Determination of three‐dimensional solubility parameters of HNBR/EPDM blends and the transport behaviors in ester solvents
Authors: Jiang Xingwang , Yuan Xiaojing , Guo Xiaohui , Zeng Fanqi , Liu Guangyong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo enrich the research on the solubility parameter of rubber blends, equilibrium swelling tests combined with computer software, Hansen solubility parameter in practice (HSPiP), were employed to deeply investigate the three‐dimensional solubility parameters (HSP) of hydrogenated nitrile rubber/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (HNBR/EPDM) blends. And the transport behaviors of four ester solvents have been studied through the calculation of sorption and permeation coefficients. It is found that the HSP values of HNBR/EPDM blends show linear relationships with the mass fraction of HNBR. And a linear equation has been obtained for the calculation of the solubility parameters of HNBR/EPDM blends. Sorption and permeation coefficients show two‐stage upward linear relationships with the HNBR concentration, which can be attributed to the sea phase in the blend playing a decisive role in the transport behaviors of solvents. Moreover, the trend of the selective adsorption of the solvent is more obvious in the permeating process than that at the final equilibrium swelling state. The achievements can provide important guidance for evaluating the liquid resistance of the HNBR/EPDM‐based rubber products in industrial and automotive applications.
Poly(phosphorus‐silicon‐alkyne): Widening the application potential in epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy, mechanical property, and unimpaired thermal stability
Authors: Lv Jiaojiao , Chen Bing , Zheng Botuo , Chen Mingfeng , Qiao Huawei , Li Shanshan , Zhang Huagui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimed at promoting the flame retardancy of epoxy resin (EP) and widening its applications, a novel flame retardant, poly(phosphorus‐silicon‐alkyne) (PPSA), is synthesized from poly(silicon‐alkyne) and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phenanthroline‐10‐oxide (DOPO) to modify EP. The structure of PPSA is characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. The PPSA introduction into EP significantly improves its chemical and physical properties. When containing 2.5–10 phr of PPSA, the modified EP achieve better flame resistance capability than neat EP. In particular, EP/PPSA‐5.0 reaches a limiting oxygen index value of 31.2% and passes vertical burning test (UL‐94) V‐0 rating at the same time. The total heat release and total smoke production are lowered by 31.1% and 24.9%, respectively. In addition, the initial decomposition temperature (T5%) of the modified EP is basically unchanged thanks to good stability of PPSA. Characterization of char residues generated in the combustion of EP/PPSA reveals that PPSA protects the EP from fire by diluting flammable gas with phosphorus free radicals and forming compact thermal stable layer containing silicon and phosphorus. Subsequently, measurements of mechanical properties show that impact strength and flexural strength are markedly improved by PPSA incorporation. Therefore, PPSA modifies EP to obtain excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties, justifying an outstanding flame retardant with comprehensive properties.
Synthesis of a triazine charring agent containing hydroxyl and triazine ring and its flame retardant application in thermoplastic polyolefin
Authors: Wang Wei , Lei Li , Bao Qiuru , Liu Yuan , Wang Qi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe flame retardant work of polyolefin materials has always been a challenge in the industry. Herein, we report a triazine charring agent (TM) containing hydroxyl and triazine ring. Combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), TM was applied to prepare flame retardant thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) composites. The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test show that TM has high initial pyrolysis temperature and retention rate of char residue at high temperature. The UL‐94, limit oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry tests (CCT) were used to characterize the flame retardancy of TPO composites. The UL‐94 V‐0 rating and LOI value of 29.2% are achieved with a loading of 9.17 wt% flame retardant (TPO‐3). In particular, the fire performance index (FPI) associated with the flashover time also increases to 0.037 m2s/kW compared with TPO (0.030 m2s/kW). The synergistic effects of APP/TM were investigated in depth. The results show that APP/TM system forms a dense and continuous char layer on the surface of TPO during combustion, which effectively insulates the substrate from heat and oxygen erosion. Additionally, APP/TM system also plays a weak but important flame retardant role in the gas phase, including quenching effect of phosphorous compounds and dilution effect of non‐combustible gases.
Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Wang Chen‐Gang , Surat'man Nayli Erdeanna Binte , Chang Jun Jie , Ong Zhi Lin , Li Bofan , Fan Xiaotong , Loh Xian Jun , Li Zibiao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolyelectrolyte hydrogels are emerging materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications due to their tunable biochemical properties, electrical conductivity, biocompatibility and similar network structure to the extracellular matrix in mammalian bodies. In this review, representative polyelectrolyte hydrogels carrying anionic, cationic, ampholytic, zwitterionic and ionic liquid moieties are systemically cataloged to express their chemical structures and preparation strategies. Recent advance of polyelectrolyte hydrogels in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for drug delivery, skin healing, bone regeneration, cardiac tissue repair and anti‐biofouling coating are also highlighted. Eventually, the outlook and challenges of polyelectrolyte hydrogels and their biomedical material applications are also discussed to offer future directions.
From functional genomics of vero cells to CRISPR‐based genomic deletion for improved viral production rates
Authors: Sène Marie‐Angélique , Xia Yu , Kamen Amine A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite their wide use in the vaccine manufacturing field for over 40 years, one of the main limitations to recent efforts to develop Vero cells as high‐throughput vaccine manufacturing platforms is the lack of understanding of virus‐host interactions during infection and cell‐based virus production in Vero cells. To overcome this limitation, this manuscript uses the recently generated reference genome for the Vero cell line to identify the factors at play during influenza A virus (IAV) and recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) infection and replication in Vero host cells. The best antiviral gene candidate for gene editing was selected using Differential Gene Expression analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Network Topology‐based Analysis. After selection of the ISG15 gene for targeted CRISPR genomic deletion, the ISG15 genomic sequence was isolated for CRISPR guide RNAs design and the guide RNAs with the highest knockout efficiency score were selected. The CRISPR experiment was then validated by confirmation of genomic deletion via PCR and further assessed via quantification of ISG15 protein levels by western blot. The gene deletion effect was assessed thereafter via quantification of virus production yield in the edited Vero cell line. A 70‐fold and an 87‐fold increase of total viral particles productions in ISG15−/− Vero cells was achieved for, respectively, IAV and rVSV while the ratio of infectious viral particles/total viral particles also significantly increased from 0.0316 to 0.653 for IAV and from 0.0542 to 0.679 for rVSV‐GFP.
Biomanufacturing of glioblastoma organoids exhibiting hierarchical and spatially organized tumor microenvironment via transdifferentiation
Authors: Park Seungjo , Avera Alexandra D. , Kim Yonghyun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor that originates from glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). In the brain, GSCs are supported by a tumor microenvironment (TME) residing in the perivascular niche and the hypoxic niche. The GBM TME is highly heterogenous and exhibits complex cell‐to‐cell interactions. Three‐dimensional tumorspheres cultured in stem cell‐enriching media is often used as an in vitro model. The GBM tumorspheres retain some of the transcriptional and translational GSC features but often fails to recapitulate intertumor heterogeneity. Here, we developed a simple, matrix‐free, and in vivo‐like GBM organoids (GBOs) using patient‐derived xenograft GBM lines in small‐scale bioreactors. Shear stress was optimized to produce highly reproducible GBOs over 1 mm diameter within 4–5 weeks. GBOs exhibited high stemness and strong cell‐to‐cell interactions compared to conventional tumorsphere cultures. They displayed spatial gradients of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α positive hypoxic cores where CD133‐positive cells resided and spatially heterogeneous expression of NOTCH and its ligands. We also observed a self‐established, hierarchically organized, and heterogeneous TME by GBM transdifferentiation into endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes. Collectively, we demonstrate the ability to biomanufacture uniformly sized GBOs that recapitulate in vivo GBM TME features that can serve as an improved GBM in vitro model.
A comprehensive study of the abdominal ganglia part 2: Aorticorenal ganglia
Authors: du Plessis Maira , D'Antoni Anthony V. , Loukas Marios 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInvestigation into reports of pain treatment for abdominal cancer and abdominal pain syndromes revealed the lack of human studies on some of the abdominal sympathetic ganglia. Recent studies on renal artery denervation therapy as treatment for resistant hypertension has made the aorticorenal ganglia of particular importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the location, morphology, interconnections, and histological nature of aorticorenal ganglia. We dissected nine abdominal cavities and harvested 37 aorticorenal ganglia. Hematoxylin and Eosin, and Masson's staining techniques were used to study the histological structure. Additionally, ganglia harvested from five individuals were stained with immunohistochemical techniques to test for tyrosine hydroxylase activity. All aorticorenal ganglia were located in proximity to the renal artery, and the majority were close to the vessel origin. Identification of multiple aorticorenal ganglia was the norm, and ranged from 2 to 4 on the left and 1 to 3 on the right. While the pattern of aorticorenal ganglia seemed to be unique in each individual case, the interconnections between these and other ganglia were vast. The aorticorenal ganglia shared direct connections with the celiac, gonadal, inferior mesenteric, and first lumbar sympathetic trunk ganglion. Contributions from the greater, lesser, and least thoracic splanchnic nerves were also observed. While the results of our study may not have direct clinical implications in isolation, the vast number of interconnections with the other abdominal ganglia may cause complications in procedures such as celiac ganglion block. In addition, aorticorenal innervation interruption may lead to hypotension.
Human lumbar sympathetic blockade: An anatomical study to address potential block failure
Authors: Bovaira Maite , García‐Vitoria Carles , Carrera Ana , Reina Miguel A. , Boezaart André P. , Tubbs Richard Shane , Millán Marta San , Reina Francisco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe lumbar sympathetic block is often used to treat complex regional pain syndrome, but it seems to have a high failure rate. This study seeks anatomical explanations for this apparent failure in order to refine our block procedure. Two simulated sympathetic trunk blocks were carried out on four fresh, cryopreserved unembalmed human cadavers under fluoroscopic control at the L2 vertebral body level, followed by two further simulated blocks at the L4 vertebral body level on the other side. Dye was injected, and the areas were dissected following a specific protocol. We then describe the anatomy and the spread of the dye compared to the spread of the contrast medium on fluoroscopy. The ganglia were differently located at different vertebral levels, and differed among the cadavers. Following this anatomical clarification, we now prefer to perform lumbar sympathetic blocks at the fourth lumbar vertebra level, using an extraforaminal approach at the caudal end of ​​the vertebra, avoiding the anterolateral margin of the vertebral body at the midpoint.
NF‐κB inactivation attenuates the M1 macrophage polarization in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis by glutaredoxin‐1 deficiency
Authors: Luo Yang , Mo Dan , Guo Hongjie , Ye Cuilian , Chen Bailin , Zhu Hai , Deng Chun , Deng Qin , Guo Chunbao , Qiu Lin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is severe inflammatory injury in preterm infants, which resulted from macrophage polarization. Nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) is implicated to be involved in macrophage polarization. We here evaluated the essential role of NF‐κB in macrophage polarization in NEC in human samples from neonates with NEC and the mouse experimental NEC model. Enhanced intestinal macrophage (IM) infiltration was presented in human neonates with NEC, the majority of which were M1 macrophages. Meanwhile, NF‐κB was activated in the IMs in human NEC samples. NF‐κB inhibition by BAY promoted the M1 to M2 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, glutaredoxin‐1 (Grx1) deficiency promoted M2 polarization via NF‐κB inactivation from the lipopolysaccharide‐induced proinflammatory macrophages. The IMs isolated from Grx1−/− mice presented with decreases in total numbers and less macrophage differentiation. Grx1−/− derived IM were effective in the increased survival in experimental NEC through inflammation blocking. Our study provides evidence that NF‐κB inactivation by Grx1 depletion contributed to the alleviation of NEC via inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization. The modulation to alternative macrophages in the intestines may provide a promising benefits for NEC treatment.
Diosgenin promotes cisplatin‐induced apoptosis through oxidative DNA damage in A549 non‐small cell lung cells
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhang Liqiong , Xiao Youchuan , Ghaemnezhad Asghar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe efficacy of cisplatin‐based chemotherapy in malignancy is limited by the occurrence of innate and acquired drug resistance. Clinical observations suggest that targeting phytopharmaceuticals is the right choice to enhance the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the effects of diosgenin (DG) combined with cisplatin on apoptosis and its underlying mechanisms in the A549 non‐small cell lung cells. Cell viability was measured using an MTT assay. Western blot was used for the measurement of γ‐H2AX and 8‐Hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine expression level. DCFH‐DA fluorescence dye was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S‐transferase were also assessed. For evaluation of apoptosis, TUNEL assay was used. DG significantly increases the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin. Besides, DG considerably increased the expression levels of γ‐H2AX in cells. Upon melatonin treatment, ROS levels were increased, and antioxidant enzymes expression levels were significantly decreased. Co‐treatment of DG and cisplatin resulted in increased cellular cytotoxicity through increasing ROS levels, inducing oxidative DNA damage, and decreasing cellular antioxidant defense, hence led to potent induction of apoptosis in tumor cells.