bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil seed bank responses to edge effects in temperate European forests
Authors: Gasperini Cristina , Bollmann Kurt , Brunet Jörg , Cousins Sara A. O. , Decocq Guillaume , De Pauw Karen , Diekmann Martin , Govaert Sanne , Graae Bente J. , Hedwall Per‐Ola , Iacopetti Giovanni , Lenoir Jonathan , Lindmo Sigrid , Meeussen Camille , Orczewska Anna , Ponette Quentin , Plue Jan , Sanczuk Pieter , Spicher Fabien , Vanneste Thomas , Vangansbeke Pieter , Zellweger Florian , Selvi Federico , Frenne Pieter De 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe amount of forest edges is increasing globally due to forest fragmentation and land‐use changes. However, edge effects on the soil seed bank of temperate forests are still poorly understood. Here, we assessed edge effects at contrasting spatial scales across Europe and quantified the extent to which edges can preserve the seeds of forest specialist plants.LocationTemperate European deciduous forests along a 2,300‐km latitudinal gradient.Time period2018–2021.Major taxa studiedVascular plants.MethodsThrough a greenhouse germination experiment, we studied how edge effects alter the density, diversity, composition and functionality of forest soil seed banks in 90 plots along different latitudes, elevations and forest management types. We also assessed which environmental conditions drive the seed bank responses at the forest edge versus interior and looked at the relationship between the seed bank and the herb layer species richness.ResultsOverall, 10,108 seedlings of 250 species emerged from the soil seed bank. Seed density and species richness of generalists (species not only associated with forests) were higher at edges compared to interiors, with a negative influence of C : N ratio and litter quality. Conversely, forest specialist species richness did not decline from the interior to the edge. Also, edges were compositionally, but not functionally, different from interiors. The correlation between the seed bank and the herb layer species richness was positive and affected by microclimate.Main conclusionsOur results underpin how edge effects shape species diversity and composition of soil seed banks in ancient forests, especially increasing the proportion of generalist species and thus potentially favouring a shift in community composition. However, the presence of many forest specialists suggests that soil seed banks still play a key role in understorey species persistence and could support the resilience of our fragmented forests.
Formation of multiple flagella caused by a mutation of the flagellar rotor protein FliM in Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Homma Michio , Takekawa Norihiro , Fujiwara Kazushi , Hao Yuxi , Onoue Yasuhiro , Kojima Seiji 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMarine bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus forms a single flagellum at a cell pole. In Vibrio, two proteins (GTPase FlhF and ATPase FlhG) regulate the number of flagella. We previously isolated the NMB155 mutant that forms multiple flagella despite the absence of mutations in flhF and flhG. Whole‐genome sequencing of NMB155 identified an E9K mutation in FliM that is a component of C‐ring in the flagellar rotor. Mutations in FliM result in defects in flagellar formation (fla) and flagellar rotation (che or mot); however, there are a few reports indicating that FliM mutations increase the number of flagella. Here, we determined that the E9K mutation confers the multi‐flagellar phenotype and also the che phenotype. The co‐expression of wild‐type FliM and FliM‐E9K indicated that they were competitive in regard to determining the flagellar number. The ATPase activity of FlhG has been correlated with the number of flagella. We observed that the ATPase activity of FlhG was increased by the addition of FliM but not by the addition of FliM‐E9K in vitro. This indicates that FliM interacts with FlhG to increase its ATPase activity, and the E9K mutation may inhibit this interaction. FliM may control the ATPase activity of FlhG to properly regulate the number of the polar flagellum at the cell pole.
Multistage zircon growth recording polyphase metamorphic evolution caused by pulsed granitoid intrusions into a low‐P/T type metamorphic belt: P–T–D–t evolution of migmatites in the Ryoke belt, southwest Japan
Authors: Kawakami Tetsuo , Ichino Tomoe , Kazuratachi Keiichi , Sakata Shuhei , Takatsuka Kota 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe report contrasting pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) paths of migmatites developed in the highest‐grade metamorphic zone (Grt–Crd zone) and the contact metamorphic zone (Crd–Kfs zone) of the Mikawa area, Ryoke belt, southwest Japan to discuss the complex P–T–D–t evolution of the middle crust that experienced pulsed granitoid intrusions. In the Grt–Crd zone, sillimanite‐grade high‐T metamorphic condition prevailed from ca. 97 to 87 Ma, followed by cooling to ~500 °C, ~4 kbar. The intrusion of gneissose granitoids below the Grt–Crd zone isobarically reheated the Grt–Crd zone rocks again to the sillimanite‐grade high‐T condition at ca. 84 Ma. This was followed by ca. 71–70 Ma contact metamorphism. Ductile deformation that formed and folded the foliation of migmatites started before ca. 89 Ma and continued at least until ca. 84 Ma in the Grt–Crd zone. On the other hand, ca. 74 Ma age of the Crd–Kfs zone migmatite developed around the Inagawa Granodiorite in addition to ca. 70 Ma age of a syn‐tectonic pegmatite vein revealed that the intrusion of “75–69 Ma granitoids” caused partial melting and locally triggered low‐strain ductile deformation in their contact aureoles. Comparison with other areas of the Ryoke belt suggests that plutono‐metamorphic evolution of the Mikawa and Aoyama areas are similar with each other in that ca. 80 Ma reheating events (i.e., contact metamorphism) are observed, while absence of separate reheating event postdating peak metamorphism in the Yanai area is a rather uncommon feature in the Ryoke belt.
Alternative in vitro models used in the main safety tests of cosmetic products and new challenges
Authors: Filaire Edith , Nachat‐Kappes Rachida , Laporte Camille , Harmand Marie‐Françoise , Simon Marina , Poinsot Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundGuided by ethical considerations and regulatory requirements such as the 7th Amendment to the European Cosmetics Directive N° 1223/2009, the cosmetic industry has developed and evaluated alternative test strategies such as in vitro assays, in silico approaches for toxicological endpoints and efficacy of cosmetic products and cosmetics ingredients. In consequence, the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) has proposed a list of validated cell‐based in vitro models for predicting the safety and toxicity of cosmetic ingredients. These models have been demonstrated as valuable and effective tools to overcome the limitations of animal in vivo studies. For example, 3D human skin equivalent models are used to evaluate skin irritation potential; and excised human skin is used as the gold standard for the evaluation of dermal absorption.ObjectiveThis review presents, in relation to the regulatory requirements, the main alternative in vitro models used in the safety tests of cosmetic products, focusing on skin sensitization, skin corrosion, skin irritation and skin absorption, with advantages and limitations of each model. Recent innovative 3D cell technologies such as Organ‐on‐a‐Chip (OoC) models that can bring significant improvements for toxicology and efficacy testing are also presented.ConclusionThe development of OoC technology is promising for assessing the toxicity of substances contained in cosmetics, particularly for repeated dose toxicity, for which no alternative in vitro methods are currently available. Nevertheless, aside from the challenges, the technology needs to be validated and accepted by regulatory organizations as an effective method. Collaboration between researchers, regulatory organizations and industry would be required to achieve this validation.
Multivariate analysis: An essential for studying complex glasses
Authors: Sargin Irmak , McCloy John S. , Beckman Scott P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of individual compositional components on the devitrification of complex multicomponent glasses, for example, 10–50+ oxides, typically requires numerous studies to examine each component's impact. Here we apply exploratory data analysis (EDA) to a heterogeneous data set of silicate glasses to determine the cations’ individual and interacting effects on the crystallization of nepheline (nominally NaAlSiO4). Our data consisted of 795 simulated high‐level nuclear waste glasses composed of, on average, 50 oxide components. We determine the interactions in the heterogeneous data that cause deviations from the behavior found in simplified composition studies. Using both univariate and bivariate EDA techniques, we demonstrate the importance of including calculated structural glass parameters on nepheline's devitrification, including field strength, cation‐to‐anion radius ratio, and single‐bond strength. We also show that studies with simplified glass compositions may fall short in generating knowledge directly transferrable to complex glass compositions. The method used in this study has the potential to inform experimental design for simplified compositions (∼6+ oxides) that can generate knowledge directly transferrable to complex, multivariable compositions. The observations reported here have broad implications for any study attempting to map the physical properties of a complex glass containing numerous cations.
Percutaneous jugular leadless pacemaker implantation in a pediatric patient
Authors: Kumthekar Rohan N. , Augostini Ralph S. , Kamp Anna N. , Kertesz Naomi J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionLeadless cardiac pacing has not been widely utilized in pediatric patients, in part due to concerns regarding size of the delivery sheath and the potential for vascular injury.MethodsWe present a case of leadless pacemaker implantation via internal jugular vein without a surgical cutdown.ResultsA leadless pacemaker was successfully implanted in the right ventricle via internal jugular approach in a pediatric patient with congenital heart disease.ConclusionThis is a novel approach to leadless pacemaker implantation that could broaden the utilization of this technology to the vulnerable population of children, especially those with congenital heart disease.
Improved survival in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure undergoing catheter ablation compared to medical treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Romero Jorge , Gabr Mohamed , Alviz Isabella , Briceno David , Diaz Juan Carlos , Rodriguez Daniel , Patel Kavisha , Polanco Dalvert , Trivedi Chintan , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Della Rocca Domenico , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Natale Andrea , Di Biase Luigi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing evidence has suggested improved outcomes in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with heart failure (HF) undergoing catheter ablation (CA) as compared to medical therapy. We sought to investigate the benefit of CA on outcomes of patients with AF and HF as compared to medical therapy.Methods and ResultsA systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials was performed for clinical studies evaluating the benefit of CA for patients with AF and HF. Primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. Secondary endpoints included atrial‐arrhythmia recurrence and improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Eight randomized controlled trials were included with a total of 2121 patients (mean age: 65 ± 5 years; 72% male). Mean follow‐up duration was 32.9 ± 14.5 months. All‐cause mortality in patients who underwent CA was significantly lower than in the medical treatment group (8.8% vs. 13.5%, RR 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51−0.83, p = .0005). A 35% relative risk reduction and 4.7% absolute risk reduction in all‐cause mortality was observed with CA. Rates of all‐atrial arrhythmia recurrence were significantly lower in the CA group (39.9% vs. 69.6%, RR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.40−0.76, p = .0003). Improvement in LVEF was significantly higher in patients undergoing CA (+9.4 ± 7.6%) as compared to conventional treatment (+3.3 ± 8%) (mean difference 6.2, 95% CI: 3.6−8.8, p < .00001).ConclusionCA for AF in patients with HF decreases all‐cause mortality, improves all‐atrial arrhythmia recurrence rate and LVEF when compared to medical management. CA should be considered the treatment of choice to improve survival in this select group of patients. Nonetheless, the benefit of CA in patients with severely reduced ejection fraction and New York Heart Association class IV HF has not been clearly elucidated.
Lead‐related infective endocarditis with vegetations: Prevalence and impact of pulmonary embolism in patients undergoing transvenous lead extraction
Authors: Bontempi Luca , Arabia Gianmarco , Salghetti Francesca , Cerini Manuel , Dell'Aquila Andrea , Milidoni Antonino , Ahmed Ashraf , Cersosimo Angelica , Giacopelli Daniele , Mitacchione Gianfranco , Raweh Abdallah , Muneretto Claudio , Curnis Antonio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence and impact of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with lead‐related infective endocarditis undergoing transvenous lead extraction (TLE) are unknown.MethodsTwenty‐five consecutive patients with vegetations ≥10 mm at transoesophageal echocardiography were prospectively studied. Contrast‐enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) was performed before (pre‐TLE) and after (post‐TLE) the lead extraction procedure.ResultsPre‐TLE CT identified 18 patients (72%) with subclinical PE. The size of vegetations in patients with PE did not differ significantly from those without (median 20.0 mm [interquartile range: 13.0–30.0] vs. 14.0 mm [6.0–18.0], p = 0.116). Complete TLE success was achieved in all patients with 3 (2–3) leads extracted per procedure. There were no postprocedure complications related to the presence of PE and no differences in terms of fluoroscopy time and need for advanced tools. In the group of positive pre‐TLE CT, post‐TLE scan confirmed the presence of silent PE in 14 patients (78%). There were no patients with new PE formation. Large vegetations (≥20 mm) tended to increase the risk of post‐TLE subclinical PE (odds ratio 5.99 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93–38.6], p = 0.059). During a median 19.4 months follow‐up, no re‐infection of the implanted system was reported. Survival rates in patients with and without post‐TLE PE were similar (hazard ratio: 1.11 [95% CI: 0.18–6.67], p = 0.909).ConclusionSubclinical PE detected by CT was common in patients undergoing TLE with lead‐related infective endocarditis and vegetations but was not associated with the complexity of the procedure or adverse outcomes. TLE procedure seems safe and feasible even in patients with large vegetations.
Achievement rate and learning curve of left bundle branch capture in left bundle branch area pacing procedure performed to demonstrate output‐dependent QRS transition
Authors: Shimeno Kenji , Tamura Shota , Hayashi Yusuke , Abe Yukio , Naruko Takahiko , Fukuda Daiju 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionRecently, output‐dependent QRS transition was reported to be required to confirm left bundle branch (LBB) capture in LBB area pacing (LBBAP) procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the achievement rate and the learning curve of LBB capture in LBBAP procedure performed with the goal of demonstrating output‐dependent QRS transition, and investigate predictors of LBB capture.Methods and ResultsThe LBBAP procedure was performed in 126 patients with bradyarrhythmia. LBB capture was defined as a demonstration of output‐dependent QRS transition. The following pacing definitions were used for evaluation: (1) LBBAP, which met the previously reported LBBAP criteria, (2) LBB pacing (LBBP), LBB capture was confirmed, and (3) available LBBP, LBB threshold was clinically usable (<3 V at 0.4 ms). The learning curve was evaluated by division into three time‐periods. The achievement rates of LBBAP, LBBP, and available LBBP were 88.1%, 41.2%, and 35.7%, respectively. The achievement rates of all three pacing definitions significantly increased with experience (p < .01), but the achievement rate of available LBBP was still 50% in the third period. As predictors of LBB capture, the interval between LBB‐Purkinje potential and QRS onset ≥22 ms had high specificity of 98.3%, while R wave peak time in V6 < 68 ms had insufficient sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 68%.ConclusionEven if LBB capture was aimed in LBBAP procedure, it was not easy to achieve, and there was a clear learning curve. Much of LBBAP may be left ventricular septal pacing that does not capture LBB.
Hemodynamic response and safety of vasodilator stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with permanent pacemakers or implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators
Authors: Miller Lauren , Airapetov Sergei , Pillai Ajay , Kalahasty Gautham , Ellenbogen Kenneth A. , Gregory Hundley W. , Trankle Cory R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionVasodilator stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a powerful diagnostic modality, but data toward its use in patients with permanent pacemakers (PPMs) or implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) is limited.Methods and ResultsPatients with ICDs (>1% pacing) or PPMs who underwent regadenoson single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and all patients with ICDs or PPMs who underwent stress CMR were retrospectively identified. SPECT tests were analyzed for hemodynamic responses and new pacing requirements; CMR studies were examined for safety, device characteristics and programming, hemodynamic responses, and image quality. Changes from baseline were evaluated with the Related‐Samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Of 67 patients (median age 65 [IQR 58–72] years, 31 [46%] female, 31 [46%] Black), 47 underwent SPECT and 20 CMR. With regadenoson SPECT, 89% of patients experienced tachycardic responses above resting heart rates (+19 [13–32] beats per minute, p < .01). During stress CMR, 10 (50%) devices were asynchronously paced approximately 10 beats per minute above resting rates, and the remaining were temporarily deactivated. Those with asynchronous pacing had no changes in heart rates, whereas patients with deactivated devices had near uniform heart rate accelerations. Image quality was diagnostic in the majority of stress CMR sequences, with nonconditional ICDs contributing 40 of 57 (70%) of nondiagnostic segments.ConclusionThis data supports the safety of vasodilator stress CMR with promising diagnostic quality images in patients with CMR conditional ICDs and PPMs. Despite a near uniform tachycardic response to regadenoson in the SPECT environment, high rates of asynchronous pacing during vasodilator stress CMR did not result in competitive pacing or adverse arrhythmic events. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and confirm the diagnostic and prognostic performance of stress CMR in these individuals.
Lymphocyte subsets and Langerhans cells in the skin of kidney transplant recipients under three different immunosuppressive regimens
Authors: Quaresma M.V. , Azevedo L.S. , Pereira N.V. , Saldanha M.G. , David‐Neto E. , Sotto M.N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundRenal transplant recipients (RTRs) are at increased risk of developing skin cancer; however, the role of immunosuppression is not yet fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the immunohistochemical changes in the skin of RTRs under three different immunosuppression regimens: mTOR inhibitors (mTORi), sirolimus or everolimus, mycophenolic acid (MPA) precursors such as mycophenolate sodium or mofetil, or azathioprine (AZA).MethodsWe evaluated biopsies of sun‐exposed and sun‐protected skin for immunohistochemical quantification of B lymphocytes (CD20+), T lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+), and Langerhans cells (LCs) (CD1a+) in 30 RTRs and 10 healthy controls. The RTRs were divided into three groups: mTORi (n = 10), MPA (n = 10), and AZA (n = 10).ResultsNo differences were observed in the number of B lymphocytes. However, a significant decrease in the number of T lymphocytes and LCs was observed in both sun‐protected and sun‐exposed skin in the AZA and MPA groups, although to a lesser degree in the latter group. The skin of the mTORi group did not differ from that of the control group in terms of the number of B and T lymphocytes and LCs.ConclusionsPatients treated with mTORi exhibit preserved cellular elements related to cutaneous immune surveillance. The use of AZA induced a greater degree of skin immunosuppression than in the control group, as demonstrated by the decrease in T lymphocytes and LCs.
Exploring the most visible websites on cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma—revealing limited quality of patient health information on the internet
Authors: Özistanbullu D. , Weber R. , Kleemann J. , Jäger M. , Kippenberger S. , Kaufmann R. , Meissner M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients diagnosed with cancer frequently search the Internet for health information. Yet, the quality of CTCL online information has not been investigated so far.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify and assess the most visible websites on CTCL.MethodsAn Internet search on the top three search engines Google, Yahoo and Bing was performed for the terms ‘cutaneous T‐cell‐lymphoma’, ‘mycosis fungoides’ and ‘Sézary syndrome’. After selecting the most frequented websites suitable for patients' information, we investigated content quality, readability and popularity. Eighty‐nine websites were evaluated for HONcode quality certification, social media popularity, Alexa popularity rank, topicality and readability levels. Furthermore, the websites' content on 13 major topics according to guidelines on CTCL was assessed.ResultsTwenty‐three (25.8%) websites were HONcode certified. Evaluated websites were difficult to read requiring at least 9 years of US school education to properly understand the information. More than half of all websites (57.3%) have not been updated for three or more years (or did not contain any update information). We found greatly varying quality and popularity of online patient information. Out of 1157 topics (equivalent to 13 different topics on 89 websites), 59.44% were mentioned on the websites. Of these, 40% contained incorrect or incomplete information. Publicly provided websites presented the different topics more thoroughly. We could further show that HONcode certified websites received better quality and readability scores.ConclusionsWe found major shortcomings regarding readability, completeness and reliability of websites on CTCL. Nevertheless, highly selected websites on CTCL can serve as a valuable and reliable source of patient information. As a consequence, oncologists have an obligation to be aware of and guide their patients to available websites that contain reliable and appropriate information.