bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards reconstructing the Arctic atmospheric methane history over the 20th century: measurement and modelling results for the North Greenland Ice Core Project firn
Authors: Umezawa Taku , Sugawara Satoshi , Kawamura Kenji , Oyabu Ikumi , Andrews Stephen J. , Saito Takuya , Aoki Shuji , Nakazawa Takakiyo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Systematic measurements of atmospheric methane (CH4) mole fractions at the northern high latitudes only began in the early 1980s. Although CH4 measurements from Greenland ice cores consistently covered the period before ∼ 1900, no reliable observational record is available for the intermediate period. We newly report a data set of trace
gases from the air trapped in firn (an intermediate stage between snow and glacial ice formation) collected at the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project) site in 2001. We also use a set of published firn air data at the NEEM (North Greenland Eemian ice Drilling) site. The two Arctic firn air data sets are analysed with a firn air transport model, which translates
historical variations to depth profiles of trace gases in firn. We examine a variety of possible firn diffusivity profiles, using a suite of measured trace gases, and reconstruct the CH4 mole fraction by an iterative dating method. Although the reconstructions of the Arctic CH4 mole fraction before the mid-1970s still has large uncertainties (> 30 ppb – parts per billion), we find a relatively narrow range of atmospheric CH4 history that is consistent with both depth profiles of NGRIP and NEEM. The atmospheric CH4 history inferred by this study is more consistent with the atmospheric CH4 scenario prepared for the NEEM firn modelling than that for the CMIP6 (Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6) experiments. Our study shows that the atmospheric CH4 scenario used for the NEEM firn modelling is considered to be the current best choice for the Arctic CH4 history, but it should not be used to tune firn air transport models until being verified by further measurements from sources such as the Arctic ice cores. Given the current difficulty in reconstructing the CH4 history with low uncertainty from the firn air data sets from Greenland, future sampling and measurements of ice cores at a high-accumulation site may be the only way to accurately reconstruct the atmospheric CH4 trend over the 20th century.
Calculation of soil water content using dielectric permittivity measurements; benefits of soil-specific calibration
Authors: Zawilski Bartosz Marian , Granouillac Franck , Claverie Nicole , Lemaire Baptiste , Brut Aurore , Tallec Tiphaine 
Published: May 2022

Abstract. Soil Water Content (SWC) probes are widely used around the Earth for scientific and agricultural usage. Most of them are based on soil dielectric permittivity measurement as the dry soil relative dielectric permittivity ε, typically from 3 to 5, is much smaller than the water relative dielectric permittivity: about 80. The measure of dielectric permittivity in wet soils allows deducing the soil volumetric water content. Capacitance, Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) and even remote sensing techniques such as Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) and microwave-based techniques are concerned. This study presents SWC measurements with commercial FDR probes on clayey soil highlighting the benefit of a meticulous soil-specific calibration although constructors indicate probes calibrated with generic constants as convenient. Locally, the use of the manufacturer’s transfer equation can lead to a strong overestimation or underestimation of the actual soil water content. A simple protocol for clayey soil calibration is proposed. Without soil-specific calibration on clayey soil, we observe errors as important as 115 % with a factory-calibrated probe based on the real part of the dielectric permittivity and up to 245 % with the factory-calibrated probes based on the modulus of the dielectric permittivity.
Classification of the Sardinian pine woodlands
Authors: Calvia Giacomo , Bonari Gianmaria , Angiolini Claudia , Farris Emmanuele , Fenu Giuseppe , Bacchetta Gianluigi 
Published: May 2022

Mediterranean pine woodlands are one of the most common wooded vegetation types across the Mediterranean Basin and are included in two habitats of European interest as they have great conservation importance. We studied the woodlands of the class Pinetea halepensis dominated by Pinus halepensis, P. pinaster, and P. pinea in Sardinia (Italy) with the aim to clarify their syntaxonomic position. We compiled a dataset of 66 original vegetation relevés, complemented with the holotypes of similar vegetation types formerly described for Italy and Corsica (France). We classified P. halepensis woodlands, native to the Island of San Pietro, to the association Erico arboreae-Pinetum halepensis. We classified P. halepensis woodlands growing on limestones of the south-western coast of Sardinia to the new association Smilaco asperae-Pinetum halepensis and woodlands typical of coastal dunes to the new association Asparago horridi-Pinetum halepensis. We also described the north-eastern Sardinia P. pinaster woodlands as the new association Arbuto unedonis-Pinetum pinastri, of which we recognised two new subassociations, typicum and cephalantheretosum longifoliae, ecologically distinguished by the xerophilous and mesophilous conditions, respectively. Furthermore, we classified P. pinea woodlands, putatively native only to stabilised sand dunes of south-western Sardinia, in the new association Querco calliprini-Pinetum pineae. This study represents the first complete survey and classification of Sardinian pine woodlands, allowing a better understanding of their ecology, floristic composition and differences with other Mediterranean pine woodlands.
Stress among Medical Students Presented with an EEG at Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand
Authors: Siripongpan Areerat , Namkunee Theeranit , Uthansakul Peerapong , Jumphoo Talit , Duangmanee Pumin 
Published: May 2022

Purpose A high level of stress among medical students is perceived as stress caused by strenuous medical programs and medical school is an extremely stressful environment, to begin with. For this reason, identifying stressors facing medical students is expected to enhance medical school lecturers’ understanding, leading to a provision of assistance for adequate supervision. The purposes of this study were to investigate stress levels in daily life and the electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics during daily life and pre-examination period of 2nd-year medical students at Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), Thailand, and to compare the EEG characteristics between these two periods. Methods Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) was used as a research instrument to collect data from sixty medical students. After that, EEG was administered in two periods for these studies (in daily life (baseline) and pre-examination 1 week). Paired t-test was used for analyzing the difference in the EEG characteristics in the 2 periods. Results The results indicated that the stress levels among medical students were mild (3.33%), moderate (53.33%), and high (43.33%). Academic Related Stressor (ARS) was found to be the main cause of stress among the subjects. All had a beta wave in 2 periods. Conclusion In conclusion, stress among medical students can alter brain function as measured by EEG. The findings could assist medical schools in better understanding medical students’ stress levels and planning how to teach in order to improve student achievement.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Among Female Secondary School students in Ar Rass City, Qassim Region
Authors: Alharbi Wjdan , Jahan Saulat 
Published: May 2022

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gastrointestinal condition associated with many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Objectives To determine the prevalence of IBS and the associated risk factors among female secondary school students in Ar Rass city, Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2021 among female students attending government secondary schools at Ar Rass city, Qassim region. Two schools were selected by simple random sampling. A self-administered questionnaire using Google Form, submitted to the WhatsApp groups of the students, gathered personal data, and behavioral, lifestyle and health background characteristics of the participants. The questionnaire included Rome IV criteria for IBS diagnosis. Results Out of 612 invited students, 429 responded (response rate: 70.1%). Twenty-eight incomplete questionnaires were excluded leading to 401 participants in the final analysis. The mean (± SD) age of study participants was 17.3 (±2.05) years. The overall prevalence of IBS was 21.4% (n=86); 11.7% (n=47) were already diagnosed; however, 9.7% (n=39) were newly detected in our survey. The factors associated with IBS included frequent consumption of soft drinks (p=0.016), low vegetable consumption (p=0.003), poor mental health (p<0.0001), family history of IBS (p<0.0001) and history of chronic disease (p<0.0001). Conclusion IBS is prevalent among female secondary school students in Ar Rass city. Unhealthy diet and poor mental health are associated with IBS. Creating awareness regarding IBS and about importance of healthy lifestyle is recommended. School staff need to be trained to promote the physical and mental health of the students.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES ISOLATED FROM MEAT OF DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES, ALMATY
Authors: ЛАТЫПОВА З.А. , АУБЕКЕРОВА Л.С. , САРБАКАНОВА Ш.Т. , КЕРИМБАЕВА Р.А. , ШАКИБАЕВ Е.Б. 
Published: May 2022

Проведено исследование выделенных культур листерий из мяса животных, произведенного в разных областях Казахстана, изучены их культурально-морфологические, биохимические свойства и антибиоткорезистентность. Всего проанализировано 50 проб мяса разного вида (говядина, баранина, свинина, конина и курица). В исследуемых пробах мяса был обнаружен наиболее значимый для общественного здравоохранения патоген Listeria monocytogenes. Полученные культуры Listeria monocytogenes проверяли на антимикробную резистентность к 14 антибиотикам. Выделенная культура Listeria monocytogenes проявила устойчивость к 6 антибиотикам: ампициллину (10 мкг/диск), цефадроксилу (30 мкг/диск), тетрациклину (30 мкг/диск), амоксициллину (10 мкг/диск), цефиксиму (5 мкг/диск) и полимиксину -Б (100мкг/диск).
A study of the isolated listeria culture obtained from animal meat produced in different regions of Kazakhstan was conducted, their cultural-morphological, biochemical properties and antibiotic resistance were studied. In total, 50 samples of meat of various types (beef, lamb, pork, horse meat and chicken) were analyzed. The pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, the most significant for public health, was found in the studied meat samples. The obtained cultures of Listeria monocytogenes were tested for antimicrobial resistance to 14 antibiotics. The isolated culture of Listeria monocytogenes showed resistance to 6 antibiotics: ampicillin (10 mcg/disc), cefadroxyl (30 mcg/disc), tetracycline (30 mcg/disc), amoxicillin (10 mcg/disc), cefixim (5 mcg/disc) and polymyxin-B (100 mcg/disc).
Study of occurrence of benign breast disease according to age groups, marital status and parity
Authors: Kumar Shesh , Verma Ram Lakhan Singh , Kumar Anil , Kumar Rajesh , Gupta Umesh Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Background: With the better understanding of physiology and development of breast tissue it is by and large now agreed that BBD is the Aberration of Normal Development and Involution (ANDI). Objective: To compare occurrence of benign breast disease according to age groups, marital status and parity. Materials & methods: The present study comprises of 76 females and 2 males of Benign Breast Diseases, who attended the out patient department and indoor of Department of Surgery, Nehru Chikitsalaya, B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur. Results: Benign Breast Diseases were most common in third decade (51.28%) followed by fourth decade (23.07%) of life. Most of the patients belonged to middle (37.17%) and higher (32.5%) socio economic status, were literate (92.3%) and were urbanites (65.4%). Early menarche, nulliparity, fewer offsprings and late first confinement were found to be associated with increased incidence of Benign Breast Disease. Number of parity decreased the incidence of BBD. Thin built and patients having low or average breast fat content had higher incidence of BBD. Family history of BBD or Breast Carcinoma was important. History of Breast carcinoma or BBD in mothers was more common.
survey study of the scabies parasite in humans (Sarcoptes scabiei) province of Maysan
Authors: Aljadari Ahmed Khalil Ibrahim , Aakool Altamemy A. K. 
Published: May 2022

This study relied on analyzing all the information recorded in the patient's questionnaire form and then discussing the extent of the impact of some demographic factors on the spread of scabies at the level of Maysan Governorate, where the parasite that causes scabies in humans was isolated from skin scraping and prepared on slides insides the laboratory. The study was limited to Maysan Governorate for the year 2020-2021 and for a period of about six months, through which the extent of the diseases spread in the Governorate was determined and the factors affecting the scabies epidemic were known.in this study, 602 references to dermatology consultants were examined in hospitals, the number of males was 395, while the number of females was 207, with a total number of 220 patients, including 126 males and 94 females. All information was recorded for each infected person. The rate of scabies infection varied with gender, as the infection rate for males reached 57.272%, while it reached 42.727% for females.
Psychological androgyny in the World of Ursula K. Le Guin
Authors: Saranya R. , Vijayashanthi A. , Kurugnanagowtham K , Priya S. Padma 
Published: May 2022

Literature reflects life and Science Fiction is an experimentation that creates awareness about the conditions of the current society by projecting the near fututre. Predictions have been an undividable combination of Science Fiction literature. The technological advancements have led the human beings to evolve as technical beings. Though the writers at first never wanted to predict the scientific inventions eventually SF writers imbibed science in literature and the impact of science on literary prospect was unavoidable. The process of evolution started in literary writing and literature popularized science through many novels. Science fiction novels emerged as the offspring of this evolution. It depicted the expression of scientific advancements of the present and also the possible future world. The predictions of SF writers were reasonable as they had relevancy to the real life situations and inventions. The SF authors let their imaginary utopia reveal the hidden desires of the author to have a better future. The pages of the utopian society implicitly replicate the contemporary sociological issues and envision a favourable society.
Emerging application for stimuli-sensitive materials in theranostic
Authors: Tiwari Sandip Prasad 
Published: May 2022

Upsurge appropriate to novel nanomaterial’s and nanotechnologies has enlivened specialists who are making progress toward planning more securemore proficient medication conveyance frameworks inasmuch as malignant growth treatment. Improvements responsive nanomaterial offeredchoice towards plan controllable medication conveyance framework by virtue appropriate to its spatiotemporally controllable properties. Furthermore, outside improvements (light, attractive field and ultrasound) could form into theranosticapplications inasmuch as customized medication use as result appropriate to their one appropriate to kind qualities. Include this survey, we give concise outline aboutcritical advances difficulties appropriate to certain external stimuli responsive frameworks that have been broadly researched include drug conveyance theranostics insidemost recent couple appropriate to years.
Effective of Neem flower powder for worm infestation in pre school children (3-6 Yrs) in selected rural area at chengalpattu Dt
Authors: Indumathi K. , Komalavalli T. 
Published: May 2022

Objectives: 1.To assess the prevalence of worm infestation among pre school children, 2.To compare the degree of worm infestation among per school children before and after, dministration of neem flower power, 3.To associate between the demographic variables and the degree of worm infestation per school children before and after administration of neem flower power, 4.To associate between the selected standard of living and degree of worm infestation among preschool children before and after administration of neem flower power. Research Methodology: A pre experimental type one group pre test and post test for this study. Simple randam sampling technique was used to select the sample.The sample size was 30.The investigator manipulated the independent variables i.e neem flower powder on worm infestation which was administered to the same group of children. Then, the post test was conducted ten days later. Finally the effectiveness of neem flower powder on dependent variables i.e. worm infestation of pre-school children was computed by the post test.The data analysis was done by using descriptiveand inferential statistics. Major findings: The statistical analysis was showed that during the initial assessment with the mean value 53.3 and standard deviation value were 4.11.
Colon-specific tablets containing naproxen microsponges for effective treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Kardile Sneha S. , Shendge Raosaheb S. , Salunke Kishor S. , Wagh Onkar V. 
Published: May 2022

Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indicated for the relief of inflammation. The aim of the present study was to develop & optimize the microsponges based of naproxen tablet for colon specific drug delivery for enhanced therapeutic effect. Microsponges were developed by quasi emulsion solvent diffusion method. Compatibility of the drug with excipients was studied by FT-IR & DSC .Prepared microsponges were optimized in order to analyze the effects of independent variables (ratio of drug: eudragit (X1), concentration of PVA ( X2) & stirring speed (X3)) on the particle size (Y1), entrapment efficiency (Y2) and production yield (Y3) using box behnken design. Particle size (Y1), entrapment efficiency (Y2) and production yield (Y3) were the responses selected for simultaneous optimization, with the aid of Derringer’s desirability function. The optimized formulation was subjected to in vitro study. The F1 was selected as optimized formulation based on particle size of 600.75µm , entrapment efficiency of 99.32%, and production yield 94.45% . The results showed that, generally an increase in the ratio of the drug: polymer control release rate of naproxen from micro sponges.
Learning problems regarding children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Jebur Hayder Ghaleb , Sahib Mohammad Mahdi Saeed , Kadhim Amel Khalaf 
Published: May 2022

Background: Autism spectrum disorder is a term used to describe a constellation of early- appearing social communication deficits and repetitive sensory–motor behaviours associated with a strong hereditary component as well as other causes. Material and Method: A descriptive study was conducted in Care Centers in Holy Karbala from 1 May 2021until 2 July 2021 to assessment of Learning problems of Children at Autism. A Non-Probability of (Purposive Sample) of (69) Autistic children was selected to be a sample of this study, under the following criteria. Data analysis approaches is used in order to analyze the data of the study under investigation of the statistical package (SPSS) ver. (20)
Globalization, informatization and humanization of the educational sector
Authors: Makhamadjanovna Abdullaeva Nilufarkhon 
Published: May 2022

In this article, issues such as improving the quality of Education, facilitating and updating its content, creating conditions that promote the preservation of children's health, introduction of modern pedagogical technologies into the educational process are considered. Naturally, the solution of these issues requires teachers of a new type. Such educators will need to have in-depth psychological and pedagogical knowledge and understanding. In other areas, too, have been able to function freely, not only should students know the characteristics of their development, but also help them become independent, creative, self-confident people, the teacher should perceive the interests of the students, be attentive and presentable to them. Crime, prevention of offenses, other unpleasant phenomena should be considered as a necessary and natural function of school activities.
Completeness of inpatient medical resume filling
Authors: Rosadi Imam , Indah Alysia Rindiani 
Published: May 2022

Medical resume is an important and basic sheet in inpatient medical records so it needs to be filled out completely because it is important in the process of patient treatment, insurance claims, compliance with accreditation standards, and legal evidence. However, in reality there are still many medical resumes that have not been filled out completely. The purpose of this study was to determine and the causes of incomplete filling of inpatient medical resumes. This study uses a literature review method that analyzes the results of six previous studies with relevant themes. Based on the results of this literature review study, it can be said that filling in inpatient medical resumes based on quantitative analysis of the six journals reviewed has not reached 100% (51.60% - 87.42%) and the dominant cause of incomplete filling is due to resource factors. human beings, besides that there are no SOPs and socialization of filling out medical resumes and limited facilities.

Keywords: completeness, causes of completeness, medical resume.