bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incipiently social carpenter bees (Xylocopa) host distinctive gut bacterial communities and display geographical structure as revealed by full‐length PacBio 16S rRNA sequencing
Authors: Handy Madeline Y. , Sbardellati Dino L. , Yu Michael , Saleh Nicholas W. , Ostwald Madeleine M. , Vannette Rachel L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe gut microbiota of bees affects nutrition, immunity and host fitness, yet the roles of diet, sociality and geographical variation in determining microbiome structure, including variant‐level diversity and relatedness, remain poorly understood. Here, we use full‐length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to compare the crop and gut microbiomes of two incipiently social carpenter bee species, Xylocopa sonorina and Xylocopa tabaniformis, from multiple geographical sites within each species' range. We found that Xylocopa species share a set of core taxa consisting of Bombilactobacillus, Bombiscardovia and Lactobacillus, found in >95% of all individual bees sampled, and Gilliamella and Apibacter were also detected in the gut of both species with high frequency. The crop bacterial community of X. sonorina comprised nearly entirely Apilactobacillus with occasionally abundant nectar bacteria. Despite sharing core taxa, Xylocopa species' microbiomes were distinguished by multiple bacterial lineages, including species‐specific variants of core taxa. The use of long‐read amplicons revealed otherwise cryptic species and population‐level differentiation in core microbiome members, which was masked when a shorter fragment of the 16S rRNA (V4) was considered. Of the core taxa, Bombilactobacillus and Bombiscardovia exhibited differentiation in amplicon sequence variants among bee populations, but this was lacking in Lactobacillus, suggesting that some bacterial genera in the gut may be structured by different processes. We conclude that these Xylocopa species host a distinctive microbiome, similar to that of previously characterized social corbiculate apids, which suggests that further investigation to understand the evolution of the bee microbiome and its drivers is warranted.
Multiple origins of lipid‐based structural colors contribute to a gradient of fruit colors in Viburnum (Adoxaceae)
Authors: Sinnott‐Armstrong Miranda A. , Middleton Rox , Ogawa Yu , Jacucci Gianni , Moyroud Edwige , Glover Beverley J. , Rudall Paula J. , Vignolini Silvia , Donoghue Michael J. 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Structural color is poorly known in plants relative to animals. In fruits, only a handful of cases have been described, including in Viburnum tinus where the blue color results from a disordered multilayered reflector made of lipid droplets. Here, we examine the broader evolutionary context of fruit structural color across the genus Viburnum.
We obtained fresh and herbarium fruit material from 30 Viburnum species spanning the phylogeny and used transmission electron microscopy, optical simulations, and ancestral state reconstruction to identify the presence/absence of photonic structures in each species, understand the mechanism producing structural color in newly identified species, relate the development of cell wall structure to reflectance in Viburnum dentatum, and describe the evolution of cell wall architecture across Viburnum.
We identify at least two (possibly three) origins of blue fruit color in Viburnum in species which produce large photonic structures made of lipid droplets embedded in the cell wall and which reflect blue light.
Examining the full spectrum of mechanisms producing color in pl, including structural color as well as pigments, will yield further insights into the diversity, ecology, and evolution of fruit color.
Thermal sensitivity across forest vertical profiles: patterns, mechanisms, and ecological implications
Authors: Vinod Nidhi , Slot Martijn , McGregor Ian R. , Ordway Elsa M. , Smith Marielle N. , Taylor Tyeen C. , Sack Lawren , Buckley Thomas N. , Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryRising temperatures are influencing forests on many scales, with potentially strong variation vertically across forest strata. Using published research and new analyses, we evaluate how microclimate and leaf temperatures, traits, and gas exchange vary vertically in forests, shaping tree, and ecosystem ecology. In closed‐canopy forests, upper canopy leaves are exposed to the highest solar radiation and evaporative demand, which can elevate leaf temperature (Tleaf), particularly when transpirational cooling is curtailed by limited stomatal conductance. However, foliar traits also vary across height or light gradients, partially mitigating and protecting against the elevation of upper canopyTleaf. Leaf metabolism generally increases with height across the vertical gradient, yet differences in thermal sensitivity across the gradient appear modest. Scaling from leaves to trees, canopy trees have higher absolute metabolic capacity and growth, yet are more vulnerable to drought and damagingTleafthan their smaller counterparts, particularly under climate change. By contrast, understory trees experience fewer extreme highTleaf's but have fewer cooling mechanisms and thus may be strongly impacted by warming under some conditions, particularly when exposed to a harsher microenvironment through canopy disturbance. As the climate changes, integrating the patterns and mechanisms reviewed here into models will be critical to forecasting forest–climate feedback.
Genomic evidence supports the genetic convergence of a supergene controlling the distylous floral syndrome
Authors: Zhao Zhongtao , Zhang Yu , Shi Miaomiao , Liu Zhaoying , Xu Yuanqing , Luo Zhonglai , Yuan Shuai , Tu Tieyao , Sun Zhiliang , Zhang Dianxiang , Barrett Spencer C. H. 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Heterostyly, a plant sexual polymorphism controlled by the S‐locus supergene, has evolved numerous times among angiosperm lineages and represents a classic example of convergent evolution in form and function. Determining whether underlying molecular convergence occurs could provide insights on constraints to floral evolution. Here, we investigated S‐locus genes in distylous Gelsemium (Gelsemiaceae) to determine whether there is evidence of molecular convergence with unrelated distylous species.
We used several approaches, including anatomical measurements of sex‐organ development and transcriptome and whole‐genome sequencing, to identify components of the S‐locus supergene. We also performed evolutionary analysis with candidate S‐locus genes and compared them with those reported in Primula and Turnera.
The candidate S‐locus supergene of Gelsemium contained four genes, of which three appear to have originated from gene duplication events within Gelsemiaceae. The style‐length genes GeCYP in Gelsemium and CYP734A50 in Primula likely arose from duplication of the same gene, CYP734A1. Three out of four S‐locus genes in Gelsemium elegans were hemizygous, as previously reported in Primula and Turnera.
We provide genomic evidence on the genetic convergence of the supergene underlying distyly among distantly related angiosperm lineages and help to illuminate the genetic architecture involved in the evolution of heterostyly.
SOD2 confers anlotinib resistance via regulation of mitochondrial damage in OSCC
Authors: Li Shuai , Cao Congyuan , Huang Zhexun , Tang Dongxiao , Chen Jie , Wang Anxun , He Qianting 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies had revealed that anlotinib had outstanding anti‐tumor efficacy on oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear.Materials and MethodsAnlotinib resistant OSCC cells were established and analyzed by RNA‐sequencing. The correlations between SOD2 expression and anlotinib resistance were investigated in OSCC cells and PDX models. Functional assays were performed to verify the SOD2 expression and anlotinib resistance in OSCC cells.ResultsAnlotinib resistant genes were enriched in the biological processes of mitochondrion organization and the gene pathway of reactive oxygen species. SOD2 expression level was positively correlated with the resistance of anlotinib in OSCC cells and PDX models. Higher SOD2 expression of OSCC cells was more resistant to anlotinib. Anlotinib induced ROS generation, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage in OSCC cells, which can be enhanced by SOD2 knockdown and decreased by SOD2 overexpression. Mitochondrial damage was identified as swelling and cristae disappearance morphology under TEM, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and lower MFN2 expression.ConclusionsSOD2 may be capable of protecting mitochondria by downregulating ROS generation, which contributes to the resistance of anlotinib in OSCC cells. SOD2 can be utilized as a potential therapeutic target to improve the anti‐cancer efficacy of anlotinib in OSCC.
General truths and the danger of relativism in contextual ethics
Authors: Richter Duncan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper aims at explaining and defending some of Cora Diamond's thinking about the role of a kind of guides to thinking about ethics. Aids to thinking of this type can take a very general form but can also be applied in context‐sensitive ways. Maria Balaska has raised the question whether Diamond manages to avoid relativism. Oskari Kuusela also criticises Diamond, focussing on whether talk of human equality can be said to correspond to reality. I will consider these objections in turn and try to show that Diamond is not committed either intentionally or otherwise to relativism.
Contemporary blood doping—Performance, mechanism, and detection
Authors: Breenfeldt Andersen Andreas , Nordsborg Nikolai Baastrup , Bonne Thomas Christian , Bejder Jacob 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBlood doping is prohibited for athletes but has been a well‐described practice within endurance sports throughout the years. With improved direct and indirect detection methods, the practice has allegedly moved towards micro‐dosing, that is, reducing the blood doping regime amplitude. This narrative review evaluates whether blood doping, specifically recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) treatment and blood transfusions are performance‐enhancing, the responsible mechanism as well as detection possibilities with a special emphasis on micro‐dosing. In general, studies evaluating micro‐doses of blood doping are limited. However, in randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trials, three studies find that infusing as little as 130 ml red blood cells or injecting 9 IU × kg bw−1 rhEpo three times per week for 4 weeks improve endurance performance ~4%–6%. The responsible mechanism for a performance‐enhancing effect following rhEpo or blood transfusions appear to be increased O2‐carrying capacity, which is accompanied by an increased muscular O2 extraction and likely increased blood flow to the working muscles, enabling the ability to sustain a higher exercise intensity for a given period. Blood doping in micro‐doses challenges indirect detection by the Athlete Biological Passport, albeit it can identify ~20%–60% of the individuals depending on the sample timing. However, novel biomarkers are emerging, and some may provide additive value for detection of micro blood doping such as the immature reticulocytes or the iron regulatory hormones hepcidin and erythroferrone. Future studies should attempt to validate these biomarkers for implementation in real‐world anti‐doping efforts and continue the biomarker discovery.
The re‐emerging monkeypox disease
Authors: Kipkorir Vincent , Dhali Arkadeep , Srichawla Bahadar , Kutikuppala Simhachalam , Cox Madeleine , Ochieng Dennis , Nyaanga Fiona , Găman Mihnea Alexandru 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundOn 7th May 2022, human monkeypox was identified in the United Kingdom, a non‐endemic zone, with subsequent multi‐country outbreaks. About 6 weeks later, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reported 1158 confirmed cases in non‐endemic countries scattered within the European Economic Area (EEA), and a total of 1882 cases confirmed worldwide, inclusive of the EEA. These numbers are expected to increase with high alert and amplified surveillance established in non‐endemic regions. In light of a looming epidemic, current understanding of the virus, and identification of gaps in the literature remain critical hence warranting a scoping review of available literature.MethodsLiterature searches were performed through PubMed, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect and Hinari to identify studies eligible for inclusion in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.ResultsSeventy‐seven articles were included in the review. Majority of the cases were from the Central African clade (n = 29,905) versus the West African clade (n = 252). 6/16 articles that reported vaccination status stated that none of the cases were vaccinated. In the remaining articles, approximately 80%–96% cases were unvaccinated. It was noted that 4%–21% of the vaccinated individuals got infected. The secondary attack rate ranged from 0% to 10.2%, while the calculated pooled estimated case fatality rate was 8.7%.ConclusionThis scoping review provides an extensive look at our current understanding on monkeypox disease. Further studies are needed to better understand its risk factors, genetics and natural history, in order for public health strategists to generate prevention strategies and management decisions.
Clinical and laboratory predictors of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Matusiak Kristine , Patriquin Christopher J. , Deniz Stacy , Dzaja Nancy , Smith James W. , Wang Grace , Nazy Ishac , Kelton John G. , Arnold Donald M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundFetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is the most common cause of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in thrombocytopenic term infants. We investigated clinical and laboratory predictors of severe FNAIT in a tertiary care referral center.Study Design and MethodsRetrospective cohort study over a 30‐year period. We defined FNAIT as recurrence of neonatal thrombocytopenia in a subsequent pregnancy; and severe outcomes as any of: (1) a birth platelet count below 20 × 109/L; (2) ICH or (3) fetal death. We used a generalized estimating equations analysis and classification tree analysis to identify risk factors for severe FNAIT in a subsequent pregnancy.ResultsDuring index pregnancies (n = 135 in 131 mothers), 71 infants (52.6%) had severe outcomes including a platelet count <20 × 109/L (n = 45), fetal or neonatal ICH (n = 32), or fetal death (n = 4). During subsequent pregnancies (n = 72), 15 infants (20.8%) had severe outcomes including birth platelets <20 × 109/L (n = 10), ICH (n = 2), or death (n = 3). Forty‐two women (58.3%) received antenatal intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) during subsequent pregnancies. Eight mothers (n = 9 infants) had severe FNAIT outcomes despite receiving antenatal IVIG. Maternal antibodies to human platelet antigens (HPA) was the only independent predictor of severe FNAIT in a subsequent pregnancy (OR = 25.3, p = .004). Nevertheless, one of 43 infants from antibody‐negative mothers had a severe outcome.ConclusionsThe presence of anti‐HPA is highly indicative of the diagnosis of severe FNAIT; however, we observed one infant who had severe FNAIT recurrence, defined using strict clinical criteria, without a maternal antibody. Improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are needed to prevent severe FNAIT in high‐risk mothers.
Electro‐oxidation of pistachio processing wastewater using Ti/Pt mesh‐type anodes in batch system
Authors: Fil Baybars Ali , Boncukcuoğlu Recep , Yılmaz Alper Erdem 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, the treatment of pistachio processing wastewater (PPW) by electro‐oxidation method was investigated. Ti/Pt‐plated electrodes were used for the anode material, and stainless steel electrodes were used for cathode material. Experimental studies were carried out in batch mode. Stirring speed, supporting electrolyte species and concentration, initial pH value, current density, temperature and dilution ratio were selected as experimental parameters effecting removal efficiency. In Ti/Pt electrode experimental studies on the optimum conditions, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and total phenols (TP) removal efficiencies were obtained, respectively, as 99.98%, 70.74% and 100%, and energy consumption value was obtained as 297.5 kW‐h/m3 (12.39 kW‐h/kg COD, 51.29 kW‐h/kg TOC and 64.68 kW‐h/kg TP). As a result of the experimental studies, the PPW can be treated by electro‐oxidation. Given the results of removal efficiency and energy consumption values, it was concluded the electro‐oxidation using Ti/Pt anode very appropriate treatment of PPW.
Did S. P. Timoshenko and P. Ehrenfest Overestimate the Importance of the Fourth-Order Time Derivative in Their Beam Theory?
Authors: Elishakoff Isaac 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the importance of the fourth-order time derivative that appears in the equations derived by Jacques Antoine Charles Bresse in 1859, as well as in equations that were derived by Stephen Prokofievich Timoshenko and Paul Ehrenfest during years 1912 and 1913 and reported by Timoshenko in the 1916 book on the theory of elasticity in the Russian language and then in two papers dated 1920 and 1921, in English. The first part of the study demonstrates that Timoshenko and Ehrenfest did not overestimate the importance of the fourth-order derivative term in their equations. The second part deals with the debate on the so-called second spectrum attendant in the original set of equations. It is shown that in the truncated Timoshenko—Ehrenfest equations—which is asymptotically consistent with elasticity theory—“the second spectrum” issue does not arise. Thus, the two parts of this study are intricately interrelated with each other.
State-of-Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Convolutional Neural Network With Self-Attention Mechanism
Authors: Chen Jianlong , Zhang Chenghao , Chen Cong , Lu Chenlei , Xuan Dongji 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
State of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries is an indispensable performance indicator in a battery management system (BMS), which is essential to ensure the safe operation of the battery and avoid potential hazards. However, SOC cannot be directly measured by sensors or tools. In order to accurately estimate the SOC, this paper proposes a convolutional neural network based on self-attention mechanism. First, the one-dimensional convolution is introduced to extract features from battery voltage, current, and temperature data. Then, the self-attention mechanism can reduce the dependence on external information and well capture the internal correlation of features extracted by the convolutional layer. Finally, the proposed method is validated on four dynamic driving conditions at five temperatures and compared with the other two deep learning methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method has good accuracy and robustness.
Dominant precessional forcing of the East Asian summer monsoon since 260 ka
Authors: Guo Benhong , Nie Junsheng , Stevens Thomas , Buylaert Jan-Pieter , Peng Tingjiang , Xiao Wenjiao , Pan Baotian , Fang Xiaomin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One of the most perplexing problems in paleoclimate research is how orbital cyclicities force East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation variation over the middle to late Quaternary. Chinese loess records suggest that EASM precipitation was dominated by 100 k.y. cycles controlled by Northern Hemisphere ice sheet forcing. In contrast, speleothem records suggest that EASM precipitation was dominated by 23 k.y. cycles caused by Northern Hemisphere summer insolation forcing. In order to resolve this inconsistency, we present high-resolution paleoclimate records from Xijin drill cores on the western Chinese Loess Plateau for the past 260 k.y., the rough upper limit of luminescence dating. Magnetic susceptibility (χ) shows clear 23 k.y. precessional cycles over interglacials but has constant low values over glacials. This is interpreted as indicating a lack of pedogenesis, such that χ cannot record EASM precipitation variations, rather than an absence of EASM variation itself. To circumvent this issue, we use inversed sand content as an alternative proxy for EASM precipitation over glacials and splice this with the interglacial logarithmic χ from Xijin drill cores. This new record reveals dominant 23 k.y. cycles over both interglacials and glacials, consistent with speleothem δ18O data and dominant insolation forcing. These findings allow a consistent understanding of EASM variability and forcing mechanisms from both loess and speleothem archives, resolving one of the largest debates in past monsoon research. These results challenge suggestions of high-latitude ice sheet forcing of the EASM based on slowly accumulated loess records from the central Loess Plateau.
Automated segmentation of ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography of diabetic retinopathy using deep learning
Authors: Lee Phil-Kyu , Ra Ho , Baek Jiwon 
Published: October 2022

Background/Aims
Retinal capillary non-perfusion (NP) and neovascularisation (NV) are two of the most important angiographic changes in diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study investigated the feasibility of using deep learning (DL) models to automatically segment NP and NV on ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFA) images from patients with DR.

Methods
Retrospective cross-sectional chart review study. In total, 951 UWFA images were collected from patients with severe non-proliferative DR (NPDR) or proliferative DR (PDR). Each image was segmented and labelled for NP, NV, disc, background and outside areas. Using the labelled images, DL models were trained and validated (80%) using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for automated segmentation and tested (20%) on test sets. Accuracy of each model and each label were assessed.

Results
The best accuracy from CNN models for each label was 0.8208, 0.8338, 0.9801, 0.9253 and 0.9766 for NP, NV, disc, background and outside areas, respectively. The best Intersection over Union for each label was 0.6806, 0.5675, 0.7107, 0.8551 and 0.924 and mean mean boundary F1 score (BF score) was 0.6702, 0.8742, 0.9092, 0.8103 and 0.9006, respectively.

Conclusions
DL models can detect NV and NP as well as disc and outer margins on UWFA with good performance. This automated segmentation of important UWFA features will aid physicians in DR clinics and in overcoming grader subjectivity.