bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeatability and test–retest reproducibility of mean apparent diffusion coefficient measurements of focal and diffuse disease in relapsed multiple myeloma at 3T whole body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-DW-MRI)
Authors: ElGendy Khalil , Barwick Tara D , Auner Holger W , Chaidos Aristeidis , Wallitt Kathryn , Sergot Antoni , Rockall Andrea 
Published: July 2022

Objective:
To assess the test–retest reproducibility and intra/interobserver agreement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements of myeloma lesions using whole body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-DW-MRI) at 3T MRI.

Methods:
Following ethical approval, 11 consenting patients with relapsed multiple myeloma were prospectively recruited and underwent baseline WB-DW-MRI. For a single bed position, axial DWI was repeated after a short interval to permit test–retest measurements.
Mean ADC measurement was performed by two experienced observers. Intra- and interobserver agreement and test–retest reproducibility were assessed, using coefficient of variation (CV) and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) measures, for diffuse and focal lesions (small ≤10 mm and large &gt;10 mm).

Results:
47 sites of disease were outlined (23 focal, 24 diffuse) in different bed positions (pelvis = 22, thorax = 20, head and neck = 5). For all lesions, there was excellent intraobserver agreement with ICC of 0.99 (0.98–0.99) and COV of 5%. For interobserver agreement, ICC was 0.89 (0.8–0.934) and COV was 17%. There was poor interobserver agreement for diffuse disease (ICC = 0.46) and small lesions (ICC = 0.54).
For test–retest reproducibility, excellent ICC (0.916) and COV (14.5%) values for mean ADC measurements were observed. ICCs of test–retest were similar between focal lesions (0.83) and diffuse infiltration (0.80), while ICCs were higher in pelvic (0.95) compared to thoracic (0.81) region and in small (0.96) compared to large (0.8) lesions.

Conclusion:
ADC measurements of focal lesions in multiple myeloma are repeatable and reproducible, while there is more variation in ADC measurements of diffuse disease in patients with multiple myeloma.

Advances in knowledge:
Mean ADC measurements are repeatable and reproducible in focal lesions in multiple myeloma, while the ADC measurements of diffuse disease in multiple myeloma are more subject to variation. The evidence supports the future potential role of ADC measurements as predictive quantitative biomarker in multiple myeloma.
Determinants of mortality risk among Indonesian patients with COVID-19
Authors: Efendi Ferry , Haryanto Joni , Has Eka Mishbahatul Mar'ah , Makhfudli Makhfudli , Indarwati Retno , Kuswanto Heri , Wahyuhadi Joni , Farabi Makhyan Jibril Al , Ho Ken Hok Man 
Published: July 2022

Background: The mortality risk of the novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) remains a global concern. Particularly in Indonesia, patients aged 18–59 years have a high risk of death due to COVID-19. In this study, we analysed the determinants of mortality risk among patients with confirmed COVID-19. Methods: A secondary analysis of data from the Indonesian COVID-19 dashboard, tracking COVID-19 cases from April 2020 to May 2021 was performed. Data of 22,314 patients with COVID-19 aged 18–59 years were analysed using descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression to obtain adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Factors associated with confirmed mortality risk among patients aged 18–59 years with COVID-19 included increasing age (AOR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.07–1.09), hospitalised and on ventilator support (AOR = 130.75; 95% CI = 69.03–247.63), having severe disease (AOR = 15.24; 95% CI = 11.51–20.17), and travelling history (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.13–1.63). Conclusions: These findings confirmed that the increasing risk of death due to COVID-19 was associated with increasing age, ventilator support during hospitalisation, developing severe disease, and having a travelling history. This suggests that curative strategies should be strengthened with a focus on improving clinical governance by prioritising patients with the above variables.
A Stochastic Approximation Method for Simulation-Based Quantile Optimization
Authors: Hu Jiaqiao , Peng Yijie , Zhang Gongbo , Zhang Qi 
Published: July 2022

We present a gradient-based algorithm for solving a class of simulation optimization problems in which the objective function is the quantile of a simulation output random variable. In contrast with existing quantile (quantile derivative) estimation techniques, which aim to eliminate the estimator bias by gradually increasing the simulation sample size, our algorithm incorporates a novel recursive procedure that only requires a single simulation sample at each step to simultaneously obtain quantile and quantile derivative estimators that are asymptotically unbiased. We show that these estimators, when coupled with the standard gradient descent method, lead to a multitime-scale stochastic approximation type of algorithm that converges to an optimal quantile value with probability one. In our numerical experiments, the proposed algorithm is applied to optimal investment portfolio problems, resulting in new solutions that complement those obtained under the classical Markowitz mean-variance framework. History: Accepted by Alice E. Smith, Editor-in-Chief; Bruno Tuffin, Area Editor for Simulation. Funding: The work of Y. Peng was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [Grants 72022001, 92146003, and 71901003], and by the Key Research and Development Programof Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1214 .
A New Take on the Categorical Imperative: Gatekeeping, Boundary Maintenance, and Evaluation Penalties in Science
Authors: Fini Riccardo , Jourdan Julien , Perkmann Markus , Toschi Laura 
Published: July 2022

Extant theory suggests that candidates with an unfocused identity—those spanning different categories—suffer from a valuation penalty because evaluators are confused by their profile and concerned they lack the required skills. We argue that unfocused candidates may be penalized for another reason; they threaten established social boundaries. This happens in contexts where evaluators act as gatekeepers for social entities, such as professions. We test how the penalty applied to unfocused candidates varies in an academic accreditation process, a setting where evaluators decide on admitting candidates to an academic discipline and where candidates’ prior performance is observable. We find using data on the 2012 national scientific qualification in Italian academia that the valuation penalty applied to unfocused (multidisciplinary) candidates was most pronounced for the most high-performing candidates. High-performing yet ill-fitting candidates threaten the distinctiveness and knowledge domain of the discipline and are hence penalized by evaluators. High-performing multidisciplinary candidates suffered the greatest penalty in small and distinctive academic disciplines and when accreditors were highly typical members of their discipline. Our theory and findings suggest that the categorical imperative may be driven not only by cognitive or capability considerations as typically argued in the literature but also, by attempts to maintain social boundaries.Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.1610 .
Distributionally Robust Fair Transit Resource Allocation During a Pandemic
Authors: Sun Luying , Xie Weijun , Witten Tim 
Published: July 2022

This paper studies the distributionally robust fair transit resource allocation model (DrFRAM) under the Wasserstein ambiguity set to optimize the public transit resource allocation during a pandemic. We show that the proposed DrFRAM is highly nonconvex and nonlinear, and it is NP-hard in general. Fortunately, we show that DrFRAM can be reformulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) by leveraging the equivalent representation of distributionally robust optimization and monotonicity properties, binarizing integer variables, and linearizing nonconvex terms. To improve the proposed MILP formulation, we derive stronger ones and develop valid inequalities by exploiting the model structures. Additionally, we develop scenario decomposition methods using different MILP formulations to solve the scenario subproblems and introduce a simple yet effective no one left-based approximation algorithm with a provable approximation guarantee to solve the model to near optimality. Finally, we numerically demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches and apply them to real-world data provided by the Blacksburg Transit. History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on Emerging Topics in Transportation Science and Logistics. Funding: This work was supported by the Division of Computing and Communication Foundations [Grant 2153607] and the Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation [Grant 2046426]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1159 .
Scaling Up a Peer-Mediated Program Statewide: Lessons Learned Through Peer to Peer
Authors: Matthews Amy , Ziegler Maureen , Mayberry Margie , Owen-DeSchryver Jamie , Carter Erik W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Peer-mediated interventions are a powerful and practical way of promoting the social relationships, learning, and inclusion of students with disabilities. In this article, we describe one state's efforts to scale up a research-based, peer-mediated program called Peer to Peer throughout Michigan. Among the more than 700 schools that now offer this program, as many as 18,000 peers are involved in supporting nearly 5,000 schoolmates with autism and other developmental disabilities in their learning and relationships. We share our perspectives on eight key factors that have contributed to the growth and widespread adoption of Peer to Peer over the last 20 years. We discuss enduring challenges in this long-haul work and conclude with recommendations for future research focused on schoolwide peer-mediated programs.
Folding metamaterials with extremely strong electromagnetic resonance
Authors: Silalahi Harry Miyosi , Chiang Wei-Fan , Shih Yi-Hong , Wei Wan-Yi , Su Jou-Yu , Huang Chia-Yi 
Published: July 2022

Aqueous solutions cannot be detected using transmissive terahertz metamaterials because water strongly absorbs terahertz waves. Transmissive terahertz metamaterials are easier to integrate terahertz emitters and receivers into single and compact devices than reflective terahertz metamaterials. The detection of aqueous solutions using transmissive terahertz metamaterials is a big challenge. This work fabricates a transmissive terahertz metamaterial using a folding metamaterial comprising split-ring resonators (SRRs) with nano-profiles with a high aspect ratio of 41.4. The folding metamaterial has a small transmittance of

−
49

dB

at its resonance frequency, large transmittance contrast of approximately

6
×

10

4

with respect to the transmittance of its substrate, large refractive index sensitivity of 647 GHz/RIU, and large quality factor of 37. This result arises from the nano-profiles of the SRRs. The nano-profiles increase the surface areas of the SRRs, increasing their surface currents and enhancing the electromagnetic resonance of the folding metamaterial. The folding metamaterial detects a 188-μm-thick rabbit-blood layer that is deposited on it, which cannot be detected by using a common metamaterial. This result reveals that folding metamaterials have potential in detecting the products of live microorganisms with geometrical sizes up to several hundreds of micrometers, such as hydrogen gas, hydrocarbons, and antibodies.
Length of hospital stay and associated factors among heart failure patients admitted to the University Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tigabe Tekle Masho , Bekalu Abaynesh Fentahun , Tefera Yonas Getaye 
Published: July 2022

Background
A prolonged length of hospital stay during heart failure-related hospitalization results in frequent readmission and high mortality. The study was aimed to determine the length of hospital stays and associated factors among heart failure patients.

Methods
A prospective hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the length of hospital stay and associated factors among heart failure patients admitted to the medical ward of the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors associated with length of hospital stay and reported with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant to declare the association.

Result
A total of 263 heart failure patients (mean age: 51.08 ± 19.24 years) were included. The mean length of hospital stay was 17.29 ± 7.27 days. Number of comorbidities (B = 1.494, p < 0.001), admission respiratory rate (B = -0.242, p = 0.009), serum potassium (B = -1.525, p = 0.005), third heart sound (B = -4.118, p = 0.005), paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (B = 2.494, p = 0.004), causes of acute heart failure; hypertensive heart disease (B = -6.349, p = 0.005), and precipitating factors of acute heart failure; infection (B = 2.867, p = 0.037) were significantly associated with length of hospital stay. Number of comorbidities, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and precipitating factors of AHF specifically infection were associated with a prolonged length of hospital stay.

Conclusion
Heart failure patients admitted to the medical ward had prolonged hospital stays. Thus, clinicians would be aware of the clinical features contributing to the longer hospital stay and implementation of interventions or strategies that could reduce the heart failure patient’s hospital stay is necessary.
How social media data are being used to research the experience of mourning: A scoping review
Authors: Spiti Julia Muller , Davies Ellen , McLiesh Paul , Kelly Janet 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundIncreasingly, people are using social media (SM) to express grief, and researchers are using this data to investigate the phenomenon of mourning. As this research progresses, it is important to understand how studies are being conducted and how authors are approaching ethical challenges related to SM data.ObjectiveThe aim of this review was to explore how SM data are being used to research experiences of mourning through the following questions: a) ‘Which topics related to mourning are being studied?’; b) ‘What study designs have been used to analyse SM data’; c) ‘What type of data (natural or generated) have been used?’; and d) ‘How are ethical decisions being considered?’.MethodsThe JBI Scoping Review methodology guided this review. Eligibility criteria were determined using the PCC framework, and relevant key words and phrases derived from these criteria were used to search eight databases in September 2021 (CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, OpenGrey, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines were used to report the results of this review.ResultsDatabase searches resulted in 3418 records, of which, 89 met eligibility criteria. Four categories of grief and mourning were identified. Most records were qualitative in nature and used natural data. Only 20% of records reported ethics approval by an Institutional Review Board, with several including measures to protect participants, for example, using pseudonyms.ConclusionsThis unique review mapped the diverse range of mourning-related topics that have been investigated using SM data and highlighted the variability in approaches to data analysis. Ethical concerns relating to SM data collection are identified and discussed. This is an emerging and rapidly changing field of research that offers new opportunities and challenges for exploring the phenomenon of mourning.
Religious Tolerance in the Quran and Sunnah and the Importance of Its Application in Indonesiaالتسامح الديني في ضوء القرآن والسنة وأهمية تطبيقه في اندونيسيا
Authors: Farida Umma 
Published: July 2022

This article aims at explaining the concept of religious tolerance according to the Quran and Sunnah, considering that many Indonesian people do not understand these Islamic teachings. They live in different islands with the diversity of religions, races, and cultures that can be a valuable asset for the building of multicultural Indonesia, while also potentially causing the social conflicts that divide their unity. Islam, as the religion of mercy for the worlds, provided the foundations for the importance of recognizing the religious, ethnic and cultural diversity. The Qur'an and Sunnah called to the religious tolerance, compassion, and harmony between Muslims and others, and forbade them from insulting the polytheists because the method of Prophetic call is far from coercion and fanaticism. The Prophet PBUH was the most salient and glorified of the conduct of peace and tolerance. He is the leader of the first nonviolent peaceful movement in the history of the world and the champion of peace. If the religious tolerance is being built as Islam has decided, then noble universal values such as justice, humanity, peace, and human well-being can be enforced, along with harmony and peace among the religions in Indonesia. تهدف هذه المقالة تبيين مفهوم التسامح الديني وشرحه وفقا للقرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية الشريفة، بالنظر إلى الواقع الذي يدل على أن الكثير من المسلمين لايفهمون هذه التعاليم الإسلامية بما فيهم الشعب الإندونيسي. إنهم يعيشون في الجزر المختلفة بتنوع الأديان والأعراق والثقافات. ويمكن أن يكون هذا التنوع رصيدا قيما لبناء اندونيسيا متعددة الثقافات، وفي نفس الوقت يحتمل أيضا أن يسبب الصراعات الاجتماعية التي تفرق وحدتهم.لقد وفر الإسلام كدين الرحمة للعالمين الأسس لأهمية الاعتراف بالتعددية الدينية والعرقية والثقافية وتنوعها، وهي ظاهرة ضرورية اقتضتها الفطرة الإنسانية واستلزمتها التنشئة الاجتماعية. وقد دعت الآيات القرآنية والأحاديث النبوية خير دعوة علمية وعملية إلى التسامح الديني والتراحم والتآلف بين المسلمين وغيرهم، وحرمتهم عن سَبّ المشركين وشتم عقائدهم، وذلك لأن أسلوب الدعوة المحمدية بعيدة كل البعد عن الإكراه والتعصب. فالنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم كان أبرز تجلٍّ ومصداق لسلوك منهجية السلام والتسامح، وهو صلى الله عليه وسلم قائد الحركة السلمية اللاعنفية الأولى في تاريخ العالم، وحامل راية السلم والسلام. واذا تم بناء التسامح الديني كما قرره الإسلام، فمن المتوقع أن القيم العالمية النبيلة، مثل الحق والعدالة والإنسانية والسلام ورفاهية البشرية يمكن إنفاذها، بجانب تحقيق الوئام والسلام بين المتدينين في إندونيسيا.
Elastic–plastic analysis of the plane strain under combined thermal and pressure loads with a new technique in the finite element method
Authors: Wannas Akeel Ali , Hadi Auday Shaker , Hamza Noor H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This research aims to find a new way to address thermal loads within the framework of the elastic–plastic relationship, especially when the loads, such as thermal and pressure ones, are combined. While the residual force method was employed to attempt to find the convergence of a nonlinear solution, it was unable to do so. For this purpose, a mathematical relationship was derived to address thermal loads and add them to the hierarchy of the specified elements method as a subroutine. The findings of the developed program were verified by comparing the numerical results with those of the analytical solution of a thick-walled cylinder loaded with heat load and internal pressure; the results proved the correctness and accuracy of the method used. The method offers a way to redevelop old programs that are unable to effectively address the thermal load in elastic–plastic relations without changing said programs significantly but only by adding the subroutine and some very simple modifications. The solution technique provided in this article can be utilized in many related cases, such as plane stress, axisymmetric solid, and three-dimensional stress analyses.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Oscillation of Nonlinear Neutral Difference Systems of dim-2
Authors: Tripathy Arun K. , Das Sunita 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This work is concerned about the necessary and sufficient conditions for oscillation of solutions of 2-dimensional nonlinear neutral delay difference systems of the form:

Δ

[

x

(
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)

+
p

(
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)

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(
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+
p

(
n
)

y

(

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−
m

)

]

=

[

a

(
n
)

b

(
n
)

c

(
n
)

d

(
n
)

]

[

f

(

x

(

n
−
α

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g

(

y

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n
−
β

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]

,

\Delta \left[ {\matrix{ {x\left( n \right) + p\left( n \right)x\left( {n - m} \right)} \hfill \cr {y\left( n \right) + p\left( n \right)y\left( {n - m} \right)} \hfill \cr } } \right] = \left[ {\matrix{ {a\left( n \right)} \hfill & {b\left( n \right)} \hfill \cr {c\left( n \right)} \hfill & {d\left( n \right)} \hfill \cr } } \right]\,\,\left[ {\matrix{ {f\left( {x\left( {n - \alpha } \right)} \right)} \hfill \cr {g\left( {y\left( {n - \beta } \right)} \right)} \hfill \cr } } \right],

where m > 0, α ≥ 0, β ≥ 0 are integers, a(n), b(n), c(n), d(n), p(n) are real sequences and f, g ∈ 𝒞(ℝ, ℝ).
Design and implementation of Internet-of-Things software monitoring and early warning system based on nonlinear technology
Authors: Ma Haifeng , Pljonkin Anton , Singh Pradeep Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In order to realize and design a software monitoring and early warning system for the Internet of Things (IoT), this paper establishes a “trinity” control platform integrating PLC, WINCC, and MATLAB based on nonlinear technology and realizes the proportion integration differentiation (PID) control based on the RBF neural network tuning on this platform. Based on the framework of the trinity control platform, the PID control system set by the radial basis function (RBF) neural network and the STEP7 virtual object programming of the control platform are designed and realized. The experimental data update cycle is 0.5 s to record 1,000 data item objects, U is the control quantity, which is associated with the U communication driver variable in WINCC, and the corresponding storage address in the PLC is MD200; Yout is the controlled quantity, which is related to the Yout communication driver variable in WINCC, and the corresponding storage address in the PLC is MD100; start is the control switch, associated with the start communication driver variable in WINCC, corresponding to the storage address in the PLC of M0.1; reset is the reset control switch, It is associated with the reset communication driver variable in WINCC, and corresponds to the storage address in the PLC as M0.0. KP, KI, KD, and TIME correspond to three real-time PID parameters and are the cycle time in MATLAB (used for the X-axis of trend graphing), and are the variables of the communication driver. The addresses in the PLC are MD20, MD24, MD28, and MD32. It shows that for these three software programs, the update cycle of the data in the respective storage areas must be consistent, the program control cycles in MATLAB and PLC need to be consistent, and the transmission of parameters must be correctly implemented in a control cycle according to the programming logic sequence, in order to realize the design of an IoT software monitoring and early warning system.