bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Performance of a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight PET System Dedicated to the Head and Breast according to NEMA NU 2-2012 Standard
Authors: Morimoto-Ishikawa Daisuke , Hanaoka Kohei , Watanabe Shota , Yamada Takahiro , Yamakawa Yoshiyuki , Minagawa Suzuka , Takenouchi Shiho , Ohtani Atsushi , Mizuta Tetsuro , Kaida Hayato , Ishii Kazunari 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the physical performance of a positron emission tomography (PET) system dedicated to the head and breast according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU2-2012 standard. Methods: The spatial resolution, sensitivity, scatter fraction, count rate characteristics, corrections for count losses and randoms, and image quality of the system were determined. All measurements were performed according to the NEMA NU2-2012 acquisition protocols, but image quality was assessed using a brain-sized phantom. Furthermore, scans of the three-dimensional (3D) Hoffmann brain phantom and mini-Derenzo phantom were acquired to allow visual evaluation of the imaging performance for small structures.Results: The tangential, radial, and axial full-width at half maximum (FWHM) at a 10-mm offset in half the axial field of view were measured as 2.3, 2.5, and 2.9 mm, respectively. The average system sensitivity at the center of the field of view and at a 10-cm radial offset were 7.18 and 8.65 cps/kBq, respectively. The peak noise-equivalent counting rate was 35.2 kcps at 4.8 kBq/ml. The corresponding scatter fraction at the peak noise-equivalent counting rate was 46.8%. The peak true rate and scatter fraction at 8.6 kBq/ml were 127.8 kcps and 54.3%, respectively. The percent contrast value for a 10-mm sphere was approximately 50%. On the 3D Hoffman brain phantom image, the structures of the thin layers composing the phantom were visualized on the sagittal and coronal images. On the mini-Derenzo phantom, each of the 1.6-mm rods were clearly visualized. Conclusion: Taken together, these results indicate that the head and breast-dedicated PET system has high-resolution and is well suited for clinical PET imaging.
Use of non-governmental maternity services and pregnancy outcomes among undocumented women: a cohort study from Norway.
Authors: Eick Frode , Vallersnes Odd Martin , Fjeld Heidi E. , Sørbye Ingvil Krarup , Storkås Guro , Ekrem Marthe , Børmer Marie , Løberg Sara Andrea , Ebbing Cathrine , Voldner Nanna , Dahl Cecilie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: In 2011 Norway granted undocumented women the right to antenatal care and to give birth at a hospital but did not include them in the general practitioner and reimbursement schemes. As a response to limited access to health care, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) have been running health clinics for undocumented migrants in Norway’s two largest cities. To further facilitate universal health coverage, there is a need to investigate how pregnant undocumented women use NGO clinics and how this affects their maternal health. We therefore investigated the care received, occurrence of pregnancy-related complications and pregnancy outcomes in women receiving antenatal care at these clinics.Methods: In this historic cohort study we included pregnant women aged 18-49 attending urban NGO clinics from 2009-2020 and retrieved their medical records from referral hospitals. We compared women based on region of origin using log-binominal regression to estimate relative risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Results: We identified 582 pregnancies in 500 women during the study period. About half (46.5%) the women sought antenatal care after gestational week 12, and 25.7% after week 22. The women had median 1 (IQR 1-3) antenatal visit at the NGO clinics, which referred 77.7% of the women to public health care. A total of 28.4% of women were referred for induced abortion. In 205 retrieved deliveries in medical records, there was a 45.9% risk for any adverse pregnancy outcome. The risk of stillbirth was 1.0%, preterm birth 10.3%, and emergency caesarean section 19.3%. Conclusion: Pregnant undocumented women who use NGO clinics receive substandard antenatal care and have a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes despite low occurrence of comorbidities. To achieve universal health coverage, increased attention should be given to the structural vulnerabilities of undocumented women and to ensure that adequate antenatal care is accessible for them.
Evaluation of a Public COVID-19 Dashboard in the Western Cape, South Africa: a tool for communication, trust, and transparency
Authors: Ismail Muzzammil , Morden Erna , Hussey Hannah , Paleker Masudah , Jacobs Theuns , Laenen Inneke , Hunter Mehreen , Moodley Melvin , Smith Mariette , Mutemaringa Themba , Bam Jamy-Lee , Dane Pierre , Heekes Alexa , Boulle Andrew , Davies Mary-Ann 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Public health dashboards have been used extensively in the past to communicate and guide local responses to outbreaks, epidemics, and a host of various health conditions. During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital dashboards proliferated but the availability and quality of these dashboards differed vastly across the world. This study aimed to evaluate one such dashboard in the Western Cape province, South Africa.Methods: We analysed retrospective aggregate data on viewership over time for the first year since launch of the dashboard and conducted a cross-sectional survey targeting adult users of the dashboard at one year post the initial launch. The self-administered, anonymous questionnaire with a total of 13 questions was made available via an online digital survey tool for a 2-week period.Results: After significant communication by senior provincial political leaders, adequate media coverage and two waves of COVID-19 the Western Cape public COVID-19 dashboard attracted a total of 2,248,456 views during its first year. The majority of these views came from Africa/South Africa with higher median daily views during COVID-19 wave periods. A total of 794 participants responded to the survey questionnaire. Reported devices used to access the dashboard differed statistically between occupational status groups with students tending toward using mobile devices whilst employed and retired participants tending toward using desktop computers/laptops. Frequency of use increases with increasing age with 65.1% of those >70 years old viewing it daily. Overall, 76.4% of respondents reported that the dashboard influenced their personal planning and behaviour. High Likert score ratings were given for clarity, ease of use and overall end-user experience, with no differences seen across the various age groups surveyed. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that both the availability of data and an understanding of end-user need is critical when developing and delivering public health tools that may ultimately garner public trust and influence individual behaviour.
Do different multi-segment foot models detect the same changes in kinematics when wearing foot orthosis?
Authors: Klein Tomas , Chapman Graham J , Lastovicka Ondrej , Janura Miroslav , Richards Jim 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Different multi-segment foot models have been used to explore the effect of foot orthoses. Previous studies have compared the kinematic output of different multi-segment foot models, however, no study has explored if different multi-segment foot models detect similar kinematic changes when wearing a foot orthoses. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of two different multi-segment foot models to detect kinematic changes at the hindfoot and forefoot during the single and double support phases of gait when wearing a foot orthosis.Methods: Foot kinematics were collected during walking from a sample of 32 individuals with and without a foot orthosis with a medial heel bar using an eight-camera motion capture system. The Oxford Foot Model (OFM) and a multi-segment foot model using the Calibrated Anatomical System Technique (CAST) were applied simultaneously. Vector field statistical analysis was used to explore the kinematic effects of a medial heel bar using the two models, and the ability of the models to detect any changes in kinematics was compared.Results: For the hindfoot, both models showed very good agreement of the effect of the foot orthosis across all three anatomical planes during the single and double support phases. However, for the forefoot, the level of agreement between the models varied with both models showing good agreement of the effect in the coronal plane but poorer agreement in the transverse and sagittal planes.Conclusions: This study showed that while consistency exists across both models for the hindfoot and forefoot in the coronal plane, the forefoot in the transverse and sagittal planes showed inconsistent responses to the foot orthoses. This should be considered when interpreting the efficacy of different interventions which aim to change foot biomechanics.
Quality Assessment and Content Analysis of Persian Mobile Health Applications for Maternity Care on Android Platforms
Authors: Moghaddam-Banaem Lida , Ahmadi Sabereh , Hossainpour Somayeh , Rahimi Rezvan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The issue of women's health in society has become a top priority in all cultures. Information technology solutions, especially mobile health applications (MHA), provide a unique opportunity to improve health care, women empowerment, and personalization of the pregnant women's care process. Evaluating the quality and content of these applications is an inevitable necessity. This study aimed to investigate the content of Android Persian MHA for prenatal care. We systematically searched the Persian Android app stores (Cafe Bazaar and Myket) and Google Play with related keywords in December 2021. Applications were selected based on pre-specified criteria. Two researchers extracted general and specific features of the selected MHA. Two independent evaluators also rated application quality using the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS). Spearman's rho correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the inter-rater agreement and relationship between different variables. We selected 17 programs (1%) for more evaluation based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The highest number of general features was 13 out of 18 in App2 and App5, and the highest number of specific features was 11 out of 14 in App 2. 4 MHAs got an overall MARS score > 4. Overall MARS scores had a positive and significant correlation with subject quality (P < 0.01,r = 0.947), general features (P < 0.01,r = 0.740), specific features (P < 0.05,r = 0.588), and user scores on the platforms (P < 0.05,r = 0.511). A comprehensive Persian MHA that provides all the features for maternity care is unavailable, and many MHAs do not have acceptable quality for this vulnerable group. Health policymakers and specialists must provide the necessary standards and features for these MHAs.
Prevalence and Frequency of the Use of Nicotine Pouches and Its Association With Stress Amongst Students of Medical and Non-Medical Universities of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muneeba , Junaid Natalia , Anwar Zainab , Timsaal Yumna , Mughal Amna 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Oral Nicotine Pouches (NPs) are one of the fastest-growing products among young adults, being actively marketed by companies through catchy advertisements. Owing to the easy availability and concealed usage, there is a high chance that these could become an addiction very soon. The objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of Nicotine Pouch consumption and its association with the perceived stress of an individual being a reason behind its usage.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted at various universities in Karachi, Pakistan. The study population comprised Undergraduate students aged between 18 and 25. Data were collected through self-administered forms.
RESULTS
The majority of the participants lied in the 20–21 age group and belonged to a medical field of study. 61.8% of the students were aware of this product, however, only 10.2% were active users of the Oral NPs. Moreover, the PSS scores indicated that females were overall more stressed than males. The mean PSS score was 19.637.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it is the need of the hour to raise awareness for such products as the youth is likely to try Oral NPs while being unaware of the potential harm it could bring with long-term use. Undergraduates must also be given guidance to help them cope with stress, which proves to be a significant risk factor associated with addiction to nicotine-containing products.
Childhood experiences and Frailty Trajectory Among Middle-aged and Older Adults in China
Authors: Yan Yuqi , Cai Liqing , Lu Nan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This study examined the associations between childhood experience and frailty trajectory among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Data were derived from The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We used data from all of the 4 waves (i.e., 2011, 2013, 2015, 2018) and the life history survey occurred in 2014. A total of 10963 respondents were included. Latent growth curve models were conducted to examine the proposed model. The results showed that adverse childhood experience, childhood socio-economic status, and the objective indicators of childhood health and healthcare were associated with both the baseline level and change rate of frailty trajectory. The perceived childhood health and healthcare conditions were associated with baseline frailty only. Our findings highlighted the crucial role of childhood antecedents in the progression of frailty at later life. We further provided strong evidence that childhood was an essential life stage for human development. Future social policies and interventions should use childhood experience as a screening tool, as well as promote child protection, health education, and life course interventions.
Lower serum uric acid level may be a risk factor for postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: A matched retrospective case-control study
Authors: Li Jianjun , Xu Lin , Lyu Wenyuan , Wei Penghui , Zheng Qiang , Li Chengwei , Zhang Zheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication after hip fracture surgery that is associated with various short- and long-term outcomes. The mechanism of POD may be associated with the oxidative stress process. Uric acid has been shown to provide a neuroprotective effect in various neurodegenerative diseases through its antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study assessed the association of lower uric acid levels in patients with POD during hospitalization.Methods: This is a matched retrospective case-control study that included 96 older patients (≥65 y) who underwent hip fracture surgery. POD was diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Patients diagnosed with POD (cases) were matched 1:1 with patients without POD (controls) on the basis of age, sex, and anesthesia type. The relationship between uric acid and POD was analyzed by multivariable analysis.Results: The POD and non-POD groups each had 48 patients. In the univariate analysis, lower serum uric acid level, higher neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio, and cerebrovascular disease were more likely in patients with POD compared with no POD. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis showed that lower serum uric acid (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.994; confidence interval [CI], 0.988–1.000; p = 0.046), higher neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio (aOR, 1.323; 95% CI, 1.062–1.648; p = 0.013), and increased surgery duration (aOR, 1.034; 95% CI, 1.004–1.065; p = 0.024) were associated with increased risk of POD.Conclusions: Lower serum uric acid level may be an independent risk factor for POD after adjustment for possible confounding factors. However, large prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Beamforming MIMO array antenna for 5G-millimeter-wave application
Authors: Mandloi Mantar Singh , Gupta Parul , Parmar Ajay , Malviya Priyanshi , Malviya Leeladhar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper presents low mutual coupling multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) array antenna for millimetre-wave (mmw) application. The MIMO-array beamforming antenna with 2:1 VSWR band is proposed for 28.0 GHz and covers 27.04 - 28.35 GHz frequency band, which is suitable for mm-wave n261 5G-band which cover the frequency range from 27.5 - 28.35 GHz. It consists of 2×12 antenna array elements and the prototype is designed on low loss Rogers Duroid 5880 substrate of size 51.45×36.87 mm2. The beamforming MIMO antenna covers ±200 main lobe directions. The mutual coupling at the MIMO-array ports is less than 28.0 dB. The radiation efficiency and the gain in the presented band are more than 93.0% and more than 13.99 dBi. The ECC in the presented frequency band is ≤ 10−4, which is one of the advantages of the proposed design. The design covers indoor and outdoor Gaussian applications, and has 1.31 GHz TARC active bandwidth. It has 4.65% simulated and 4.73% measured fractional bandwidths.
Asymmetric Pendrin Homodimer Reveals its Molecular Mechanism as Anion Exchanger
Authors: Liu Qianying , Zhang Xiang , Huang Hui , chen Yuxin , Wang Fang , Hao Aihua , Zhan Wuqiang , Mao Qiyu , Hu Yuxia , Han Lin , Sun Yifang , Zhang Meng , Liu Zhimin , Li Geng-Lin , Zhang Weijia , Shu Yilai , Sun Lei , Chen Zhenguo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Pendrin SLC26A4 is an anion exchanger expressed in apical membranes of selected epithelia. Pendrin ablation causes Pendred syndrome, a genetic disorder disease associated with sensorineural hearing loss, hypothyroid goiter, and reduced blood pressure. However, its molecular structure has remained unknown limiting our understanding. Here, we determined the structures of mouse pendrin with symmetric and characteristically asymmetric homodimer conformations by cryo-electron microscopy. The asymmetric homodimer consists of one inward-facing protomer and the other outward-facing protomer, representing the coincident uptake and secretion process, a unique state of pendrin as an electroneutral exchanger. This previously unrevealed conformation, together with other conformations we captured, provides an inverted alternate-access mechanism for anion exchange. Furthermore, our structural and functional data disclosed the properties of anion exchange cleft and interpreted the important pathogenetic mutations. These investigations shed light on the pendrin exchange mechanism and extend our structure-guided understanding of pathogenetic mutations.
Opening the door to university health research: Recommendations for increasing accessibility for individuals with intellectual disability
Authors: John Brittany St. , Hickey Emily , Kastern Edward , Russell Chad , Russell Tina , Mathy Ashley , Peterson Brogan , Wigington Don , Pellien Casey , Caudill Allison , Hladik Libby , Ausderau Karla 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Advances in health equity rely on representation of diverse groups in population health research samples. Despite progress in the diversification of research samples, continued expansion to include systematically excluded groups is needed to address health inequities. One such group that is infrequently represented in population health research are people with intellectual disability. Individuals with intellectual disability experience pervasive health disparities. Representation in population health research is crucial to determine the root causes of inequity, understand the health of diverse populations, and address health disparities. The purpose of this paper was to develop recommendations for university researchers to increase the accessibility of university health research and to support the inclusion of individuals with intellectual disability as participants in health research.Methods: A comprehensive literature review, consultation with the university review board, and review of United Stated federal regulations was completed to identify barriers to research participation for individuals with intellectual disability. A collaborative stakeholder working group developed recommendations and products to increase the accessibility of university research for participants with intellectual disability.Results: Eleven key barriers to research participation were identified including gaps in researchers’ knowledge, lack of trust, accessibility and communication challenges, and systematic exclusion among others. Together the stakeholder working group compiled seven general recommendations for university health researchers to guide inclusion efforts. Recommendations included: 1) address the knowledge gap, 2) build community partnerships, 3) use plain language, 4) simplify consent and assent processes, 5) establish research capacity to consent, 6) offer universal supports and accommodations, and 7) practice accessible dissemination. In addition, four products were created as part of the stakeholder working group to be shared with researchers to support the inclusion of participants with intellectual disability. 1) Supports I Need Checklist, 2) Plain language glossary of health and research terms, 3) Understanding Consent and Assent in Plain Language, 4) Easy-Read Paper Template.Conclusion: Community members and individuals with intellectual disability want to be included in research and are eager to engage as research participants. It is the responsibility of the researcher to open the door to university health research. The recommendations discussed in this paper could increase accessibility for all research participants and promote the inclusion of individuals with intellectual disability to advance health equity in population health research.
Posterior tibial artery blood flow velocity is increased in patients with plantar heel pain
Authors: Kaneko Fumiya , Katayama Sho , Hirakawa Keisuke , Kudo Shintarou 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background:To investigate the relationship between blood flow velocities of the posterior tibial artery (PTA) and plantar heel pain (PHP) in patients with plantar fasciitis. We hypothesized that the blood flow velocities in the PTA would be significantly higher in the PHP group than in the control group.Methods:The participants included 23 patients (age: 49.61 ± 15.94 years; 12 men and 11 women) with PHP during gait who were diagnosed with plantar fasciitis. We also included 23 healthy participants (age: 49.13 ± 15.26 years; 10 men and 13 women) without PHP in the control group. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the PTA was measured using ultrasonography in all participants. PSV was measured thrice on each side, and the mean value was calculated. Differences in PSV between the groups were determined. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to calculate the PSV cut-off value for PHP, and the cut-off value was calculated for the affected side and the difference between the right and left sides.Results:The PSV of the affected side in the PHP group (23.31 ± 6.86 cm/s) was significantly higher than that of the control group (16.34 ± 3.39 cm/s). The left-right side difference was also significantly higher in the PHP group (5.63 ± 4.11 cm/s) than in the control group (2.15 ± 1.38 cm/s). The cut-off value was 18.33 cm/s for the affected side and 3.35 cm/s for the difference between the right and left sides.Conclusions:The increase in PTA blood flow velocity in PHP patients was quantitatively demonstrated for the first time. Overall, we believe that the measurement of PSV can help with the quantitative evaluation of PHP patients.Trial registration:This study has been registered for clinical trials under UMIN000046875. The registration date is Oct 1st, 2021.