bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmon resonance of gold and silver nanoparticle arrays in the Kretschmann (attenuated total reflectance) vs. direct incidence configuration
Authors: Borah Rituraj , Ninakanti Rajeshreddy , Bals Sara , Verbruggen Sammy W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhile the behaviour of plasmonic solid thin films in the Kretschmann (also known as Attenuated Total Reflection, ATR) configuration is well-understood, the use of discrete nanoparticle arrays in this optical configuration is not thoroughly explored. It is important to do so, since close packed plasmonic nanoparticle arrays exhibit exceptionally strong light-matter interactions by plasmonic coupling. The present work elucidates the optical properties of plasmonic Au and Ag nanoparticle arrays in both the direct normal incidence and Kretschmann configuration by numerical models, that are validated experimentally. First, hexagonal close packed Au and Ag nanoparticle films/arrays are obtained by air–liquid interfacial assembly. The numerical models for the rigorous solution of the Maxwell’s equations are validated using experimental optical spectra of these films before systematically investigating various parameters. The individual far-field/near-field optical properties, as well as the plasmon relaxation mechanism of the nanoparticles, vary strongly as the packing density of the array increases. In the Kretschmann configuration, the evanescent fields arising from p- and s-polarized (or TM and TE polarized) incidence have different directional components. The local evanescent field intensity and direction depends on the polarization, angle of incidence and the wavelength of incidence. These factors in the Kretschmann configuration give rise to interesting far-field as well as near-field optical properties. Overall, it is shown that plasmonic nanoparticle arrays in the Kretschmann configuration facilitate strong broadband absorptance without transmission losses, and strong near-field enhancement. The results reported herein elucidate the optical properties of self-assembled nanoparticle films, pinpointing the ideal conditions under which the normal and the Kretschmann configuration can be exploited in multiple light-driven applications.
A dynamic fluorescence probed glycolysis suppression process in HeLa cells treated with trichostatin A
Authors: Zhang Fengqiu , Shao Changsheng , Wu Yahui , Zhao Wei , Jing Xumiao , Fang Cao , Huang Qing 
Published: September 2022

The glycolysis suppression process due to treatment by trichostatin A (TSA), a typical histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, could be observed in situ using the GFP fluorescent probe in the cell which is sensitive to intracellular pH (pHi) change.
Evaluating large delay estimation techniques for assisted living environments
Authors: Bagchi Swarnadeep , de Fréin Ruairí 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPhase wraparound due to large inter‐sensor spacings in multi‐channel demixing limits the range of relative delays that many time–frequency relative delay estimators can estimate. The performance of a large relative delay estimation method, called the elevatogram, is evaluated in the presence of significant phase wraparound. This paper compares the elevatogram with the popular relative delay estimator used in DUET and the brute‐force approach in D‐AdRess and analyses its computational efficiency. The elevatogram can accurately estimate relative delays of speech signals of up to 800 samples, whereas DUET and D‐AdRess were limited to delays of 7 and 35 samples, given a sampling rate of 16 kHz. Monte Carlo trials on 1000 real speech utterances show that the Matlab execution time of the elevatogram is slower than DUET, however it can accurately estimate delays that are 100‐times greater than DUET. Source separation algorithms that use time–frequency relative delay estimators may be extended to function with maximum inter‐sensor spacings of greater than 2.5 cm.
Design and characterisation of a dual probe with double‐loop structure for simultaneous near‐field measurement
Authors: Yi Zhiqiang , Chen Zejian , Tian Xinxin , Hou Bo , Ding Yi , Gao Yang , Wu Duolong , Shao Weiheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, a near‐field dual probe with a double‐loop structure is designed and characterised. The high‐performance, low‐loss Rogers material and four‐layer printed circuit board are applied to design the double detection loop structure, which increases the detection area and effectively improves the frequency response of the probe. The key parameters of the probe, including the frequency response, calibration factor, sensitivity, spatial resolution, isolation and differential electric field suppression are characterised by a microstrip line. Compared with other dual probes, the proposed probe has better frequency response and higher sensitivity. The magnetic field sensitivity is −90.88 dB A/m/ and the electric field sensitivity is −46.89 dB A/m/ at 1 GHz.
The intermediate neutron capture process
Authors: Choplin A. , Siess L. , Goriely S. 
Published: September 2022

Context.Alongside the slow (s) and rapid (r) neutron capture processes, an intermediate neutron capture process (i-process) is thought to exist. It happens when protons are mixed in a convective helium-burning zone, and is referred to as proton ingestion event (PIE); however, the astrophysical site of thei-process is still a matter of debate. The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase of low-mass low-metallicity stars is among the promising sites in this regard.Aims.For the first time, we providei-process yields of a grid of AGB stars experiencing PIEs.Methods.We computed 12 models with initial masses of 1, 2, and 3M⊙and metallicities of [Fe/H] = −3.0, −2.5 −2.3, and −2.0, with the stellar evolution code STAREVOL. We used a nuclear network of 1160 species at maximum, coupled to the chemical transport equations. These simulations do not include any extra mixing process.Results.Proton ingestion takes place preferentially in low-mass and low-metallicity models, arising in six out of our 12 AGB models: the 1 M⊙models with [Fe/H] = −3, −3 andα-enhancement, −2.5, −2.3, and the 2 M⊙models with [Fe/H] = −3 and −2.5. These models experiencei-process nucleosynthesis characterized by neutron densities of ≃1014 − 1015cm−3. Depending on the PIE properties two different evolution paths follow: either the stellar envelope is quickly lost and no more thermal pulses develop or the AGB phase resumes with additional thermal pulses. This behaviour critically depends on the pulse number when the PIE occurs, the mass of the ingested protons, and the extent to which the pulse material is diluted in the convective envelope. We show that the surface enrichment after a PIE is a robust feature of our models and it persists under various convective assumptions. In ouri-process models, elements above iodine (Z = 53) are the most overproduced, particularly Xe, Yb, Ta, Pb, and Bi. Our 3M⊙models do not experience anyi-process, but instead go through a convectives-process in the thermal pulse with a clear signature on their yields.Conclusions.Thus, AGB stars at low-mass and low-metallicity are expected to contribute to the chemical evolution of heavy elements through thes- andi-processes. Our models can synthesise heavy elements up to Pb without any parametrized extra mixing process such as overshoot or inclusion of a13C-pocket. Nevertheless, it remains to be explored how thei-process depends on mixing processes, such as overshoot, thermohaline, or rotation.
Treatment of Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical
Disease
Authors: Gang Xiaokun , Wang Guixia , Liu Xinming , Zhang Siwen , Guo Yunran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrimary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a rare cause of
adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-independent Cushing’s syndrome (CS),
which mainly occurs in children and young adults. Treatment options with proven
clinical efficacy for PPNAD include adrenalectomy (bilateral or unilateral
adrenalectomy) and drug treatment to control hypercortisolemia. Previously, the
main treatment of PPNAD is bilateral adrenal resection and long-term hormone
replacement after surgery. In recent years, cases reports suggest that
unilateral or subtotal adrenal resection can also lead to long-term remission in
some patients without the need for long-term hormone replacement therapy.
Medications for hypercortisolemia, such as Ketoconazole, Metyrapone and Mitotane
et.al, have been reported as a preoperative transition for in some patients with
severe hypercortisolism. In addition, tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, COX2
inhibitor Celecoxib, somatostatin and other drugs targeting the possible
pathogenic mechanisms of the disease are under study, which are expected to be
applied to the clinical treatment of PPNAD in the future. In this review, we
summarize the recent progress on treatment of PPNAD, in which options of
surgical methods, research results of drugs acting on possible pathogenic
mechanisms, and the management during gestation are described in order to
provide new ideas for clinical treatment.
Postoperative Fluid Therapy in Adult Cardiac Surgical Patients and Acute Kidney Injury: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Sahu Manoj Kumar , Yagani Seshagiribabu , Singh Sarvesh Pal , Singh Ummed , Singh Dharmraj , Panday Shivam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground Normal saline (0.9% NS) is a common intravenous fluid used worldwide. Recent studies have shown that NS use is associated with increased incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and a need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). The practice is changing toward using balanced solutions to prevent AKI. Postcardiac surgery patients are more prone to develop AKI after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We aim to study the type of fluid administrated, incidence of AKI, need for RRT, and overall outcome of these patients.Methods This prospective observational study was conducted in the cardiothoracic intensive care unit (cardiothoracic and vascular surgery intensive care unit) in a cohort of 197 adult patients who underwent on pump cardiac surgery in our hospital from July 2021 to October 2021 as a pilot study. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 (IBM, Chicago, Illinois, United States). A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results In our study, 58 (29.34%) patients developed AKI in the first three postoperative days and 16 (8.12%) patients required RRT. Incidence of AKI was found to be higher in patients who received NS only, as fluid of choice was 34.48% compared with other intravenous fluids. Patients with AKI had higher positive fluid balance (p < 0.001), longer CPB (p < 0.001), and aortic cross clamp (p = 0.006) times. Intensive care unit and hospital stay and mortality rates were higher in AKI patients than those without AKI (p < 0.001).Conclusion Our study demonstrated that NS was the commonly used crystalloid in our patients and was associated with increased incidence of AKI and RRT when compared with other balanced salts solutions.
The Impact of COVID-19 Public Health Measures on Detection of Other Respiratory Viruses in Children during the Winter of 2020–2021 in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Xiang Wen-qing , Li Lin , Guo Ya-jun , Lin Jian , Li Wei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is one of the main diseases in childhood. This study aimed to monitor the distribution of respiratory tract viruses in children with ARTI in the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods We conducted surveillance of 2019 novel coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human adenovirus, human parainfluenza virus 1–3, and influenza A and B virus by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results During the winter of 2020 to 2021, among the 1,442 throat swabs we collected, 937 (64.98%, 937/1,442) were positive for respiratory viruses. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most frequently detected respiratory virus (34.12%, 492/1,442) and 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza A and B virus were not detected in the study period. Coinfection was observed in 156 positive samples including 149 samples of double infection and 7 of triple infection. The positive rate of viral respiratory tract infection in infants less than 6 months was the highest (72.95%) in the study period.
Conclusion There are some differences in the distribution of respiratory viruses in children after the outbreak of COVID-19 in Hangzhou, China.
Characterization of a 2 MHz-radiofrequency-driven magnetically expanding plasma source
Authors: Nakul Thanatith , Takahashi Kazunori 
Published: September 2022

A radio frequency (rf) plasma source is operated at 2 MHz under an expanding magnetic field. The source consists of a 14-cm-diameter and 25-cm-long source tube wound by a seven-turn rf loop antenna powered via an impedance matching circuit. The efficient rf power transfer to the plasma is demonstrated, and the high-density plasma above 1012 cm−3 is successfully obtained for a kW level of the rf power. The radial density profile having a center peak is observed both in the source and in the expanding magnetic field; it does not show the conical density structure previously observed in 13.56 MHz rf sources. This implies that the electron heating layer is changed by lowering the driving frequency. Even in the source operated at 2 MHz, the measurement of the ion energy distribution shows the presence of the supersonic ion beam as well as the sources operated at higher frequencies, e.g., 13.56 MHz in the previous studies.
Among‐Pass, Interregional, and Single‐ versus Multiple‐Season Comparisons of Detection Probabilities of Stream Fishes
Authors: Peoples Brandon K. , Frimpong Emmanuel A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnequal detection of stream fishes must be accounted for when estimating assemblage composition. Detection probabilities (p) may differ among electrofishing passes, regions, and methods of estimation. We used data sets collected from (1) the middle New River basin, Virginia, using three‐pass electrofishing; (2) the upper Wabash River system of northern Indiana, using the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) protocol; and (3) the NAWQA database, collected throughout the United States. We tested for among‐pass differences inpusing the New River data set. To test for interregional differences, we compared average detection probability (pavg) between the New and Wabash river data sets. We compared single‐ and multiple‐season estimates using the New River and NAWQA data sets. We found no differences among pass‐specificpfor 97% of the species in the New River data set. No significant differences inpavgwere found between the New and Wabash river systems for 73% of the species shared by the two data sets. Single‐season estimates ofpavgdid not differ from multiple‐season estimates ofpfor 86% of the species found in both data sets. Two of the three species for which single‐ and multiple‐season estimates ofpdiffered also had interregional differences. Differences in pass‐specific detection probabilities may be attributable to decreased abundance or behavioral changes in subsequent passes. Interregional differences may be attributable to dissimilarities in abundance, habitat, or sampling protocols between the two systems. Similar factors may have affected single‐ versus multiple‐season comparisons. Our results show thatpdoes not significantly differ among electrofishing passes in three‐pass samples for most species and thatpavgfrom single‐season data is comparable topfrom multiple‐season data sets. More research is needed to determine whether differences inpacross regions are common. Our approach provides a relatively quick and reliable method for estimating the detection probabilities of stream fishes and will benefit managers who seek to attain accurate estimates of stream fish assemblage composition while making the best use of their time and resources.
Reconstructing Sakhalin Taimen Parahucho perryi Historical Distribution and Identifying Causes for Local Extinctions
Authors: Fukushima Michio , Shimazaki Hiroto , Rand Peter S. , Kaeriyama Masahide 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Sakhalin taimen Parahucho perryi is an endangered salmonid with a natural range limited to the Russian Far East and Japan. We constructed a classification tree to determine the environmental factors shaping the historical global distribution of this species and then predicted its potential geographic range. The distribution was most strongly influenced by a spatial autocorrelation term, indicating that it is highly contiguous. Large drainage basins with low topographic relief and large floodplains had a higher probability of taimen occurrence. The boundary of the global distribution was delineated by mean monthly precipitation within the range of 54–96 mm. The presence of Sakhalin taimen was predicted in many drainage basins where it has never been recorded. We also modeled the status of 48 taimen populations in Japan, where it was possible to classify them into three categories: currently stable (7), endangered (5), and extinct (36). The most significant factor differentiating the 12 extant populations from the 36 extinct populations was mean annual air temperature, the extant populations being distributed exclusively in areas where the air temperature is below 5.2°C and agricultural development is minimal. The extant populations were found in drainages with significantly lower elevations and a smaller percentage of farmland compared with drainages where populations have been extirpated. The presence of lagoons was a common characteristic of the drainages with the 7 stable populations, suggesting that lagoons represent critical refugia for the species. The implications of this study for taimen conservation are discussed.
Recruitment of Age‐0 Gray Triggerfish to Benthic Structured Habitat in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Simmons Carrie M. , Szedlmayer Stephen T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecruitment of age‐0 gray triggerfish Balistes capriscus to benthic artificial reefs was documented by diver surveys from 2003 to 2007. Divers counted and estimated the sizes of all gray triggerfish that recruited to three types of artificial reefs (all in 20‐m depths) ranging from 1.2 to 4.0 m2 in area. Reefs were located in the Gulf of Mexico 28 km south of Dauphin Island, Alabama. Forty artificial reefs built in June 2003 were surveyed in October–December 2003 and May 2004; 20 artificial reefs built in October 2005 were surveyed in October and December 2005 and May, August, and December 2006; 40 artificial reefs built in July 2006 were surveyed in June 2007; and 30 artificial reefs built in August 2007 were surveyed in September, October, and December 2007. Recruitment patterns were similar in the fall and winter of 2003 and 2007. In 2005 significantly lower numbers of recruits were detected than in other years, which may have been caused by a major hurricane. Peak recruitment of age‐0 gray triggerfish occurred from September to December. Based on known spawning seasonality and the first appearance of recruits in September in this study, gray triggerfish spend 4–7 months in the pelagic environment before recruiting to benthic habitat.
Identifying Relationships between Catches of Spawning Condition Yellow Perch and Environmental Variables in the Western Basin of Lake Erie
Authors: Collingsworth Paris D. , Marschall Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough the reproductive behavior of yellow perch Perca flavescens has been well documented in small systems, relatively little is known about the spawning preferences of yellow perch in large systems, such as the Laurentian Great Lakes. During 2006 and 2007, we compared the presence and abundance adult yellow perch during the spring spawning season with environmental variables in the western basin of Lake Erie. We also estimated the timing of yellow perch spawning by comparing the relative abundance of gravid and spent females collected in our trawls and then comparing the proportion of gravid females with environmental conditions at our sampling sites. Overall, the probability of catching adult yellow perch and the catch per unit effort increased with increasing bottom temperatures in the spring, whereas the probability of catching gravid females increased with increasing Secchi depth. However, the relationships between our catch metrics and environmental variables were not consistent across years, possibly as a result of the very strong 2003 year‐class, which became first‐year spawners in 2006. We also documented that yellow perch spawning occurred when bottom temperatures were between 11°C and 15°C in the western basin; these temperatures were reached on different dates in different parts of the basin and in different years. Thus, we suggest that management agencies consider basing the start of the commercial fishing season on prevailing bottom temperatures rather than using a set date across years and sites.
Residual Tannic Acid Destroys Virucidal Properties of Iodophor
Authors: Cornwell Emily R , Groocock Geoffrey H , Getchell Rodman G , Bowser Paul R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Surface de-adhesion and disinfection of eggs at hatcheries are critical steps in successful fry culture; however, little is known about the effects of the combination of these compounds on the efficacy of egg surface disinfection. We examined the effect of tannic acid on detection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) type IVb alone and in the presence of iodophor under in vitro conditions. We confirmed that tannic acid inhibits the quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay developed in our laboratory and that it binds to VHSV, reversibly decreasing infectivity. Surprisingly, we also found that when combined with iodophor, tannic acid destroys the ability of either compound to inhibit infectivity. While we still strongly encourage the use of iodophor for its antiviral, bactericidal, and fungicidal properties, our results suggest that when tannic acid is used prior to disinfection with iodophor, it must be very thoroughly rinsed to ensure that it does not interfere with the disinfectant properties of iodophor.
Received February 14, 2010; accepted May 27, 2010
Effects of Winter Feeding of Channel Catfish on Production in Multibatch Systems
Authors: Nanninga Adam S , Engle Carole R , Stone Nathan , Goodwin Andrew E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Most channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus are produced in multibatch production systems, but winter feeding studies typically have used single-batch systems. Winter feeding studies that reflect commercial production practices are needed. Two pond studies (winters of 2005–2006 [study 1] and 2006–2007 [study 2]) were conducted in ten 0.10-ha ponds; fish in five ponds received feed, whereas fish in the five remaining ponds did not. Ponds were stocked with sub-market-sized (&lt;0.57 kg) channel catfish at a rate of 2,957 kg/ha and market-sized fish (&gt;0.57 kg) at 986 kg/ha. Net yield (kg/ha) in both treatment and control ponds was negative over both winters. The decrease in net yield of fish was significantly less in ponds that received feed than in those that did not receive feed in study 2; the decrease in net yield did not differ between treatments in study 1, which had a colder winter and fewer feeding days than study 2. There was no significant difference in mean weight at harvest for market-sized fish in fed and unfed treatments, but sub-market-sized fish in the fed treatment were significantly larger than those in the unfed treatment. A disease challenge conducted in aquaria showed that mortality after exposure to Edwardsiella ictaluri was significantly higher for unfed fish than for fed fish. Six concrete vats were used to measure feed consumption during the winter of 2007–2008. Channel catfish continued to feed at temperatures as low as 7°C. The amount of feed consumed (expressed as a percentage of body weight) was similar to published recommendations, but fish continued to consume feed daily at lower temperatures than previously assumed. Additional research is needed to determine an optimal frequency of winter feeding.
Received February 23, 2010; accepted July 24, 2010