bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative(s): Better or just different?
Authors: Engelmann Sebastian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper aspires to show the often-obscured structure of alternatives in education. Alternative education is generally understood as an umbrella term for educational thought and practice for and in schools differing from an assumed ‘mainstream’, where ‘alternative’ is often taken to mean ‘better’. In many cases, ‘mainstream’ serves as an empty signifier that can be substituted by various forms of criticism. Just as progressive education is supposed to remedy all the ills of traditional education, alternative education is often positioned as a safe place to retreat to, away from the mainstream. I argue that this leads to a dichotomous structure. The mainstream, however, is not an empirical reality, for example, a specific form of curriculum, differentiation of different types of schooling, or anything else. ‘Mainstream’ serves as a generic critical reference point. My argument is developed through a series of historical discussions around alternative education explored through the lens of contemporary analysis of the category. I then offer a more systematic account of the terminology in order to establish a perspective from which to assess the flaws and problems of alternative education alongside its potential virtues and benefits.
Relative Valuation with Machine Learning
Authors: GEERTSEMA PAUL , LU HELEN 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTWe use machine learning for relative valuation and peer firm selection. In out‐of‐sample tests, our machine learning models substantially outperform traditional models in valuation accuracy. This outperformance persists over time and holds across different types of firms. The valuations produced by machine learning models behave like fundamental values. Overvalued stocks decrease in price and undervalued stocks increase in price in the following month. Determinants of valuation multiples identified by machine learning models are consistent with theoretical predictions derived from a discounted cash flow approach. Profitability ratios, growth measures, and efficiency ratios are the most important value drivers throughout our sample period. We derive a novel method to express valuation multiples predicted by our machine learning models as weighted averages of peer firm multiples. These weights are a measure of peer–firm comparability and can be used for selecting peer‐groups.
Nanofibrils of food‐grade proteins: Formation mechanism, delivery systems, and application evaluation
Authors: An Di , Ban Qingfeng , Du Hengjun , Wang Qi , Teng Fei , Li Liang , Xiao Hang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDue to the high aspect ratio, appealing mechanical characteristics, and various adjustable functional groups on the surface proteins, food‐grade protein nanofibrils have attracted great research interest in the field of food science. Fibrillation, known as a process of peptide self‐assembly, is recognized as a common attribute for food‐grade proteins. Converting food‐grade proteins into nanofibrils is a promising strategy to broaden their functionality and applications, such as improvement of the properties of gelling and emulsifying, especially for constructing various delivery systems for bioactive compounds. Protein source and processing conditions have a great impact on the size, structure, and morphology of nanofibrils, resulting in extreme differences in functionality. With this feature, it is possible to engineer nanofibrils into four different delivery systems, including gels, microcapsules, emulsions, and complexes. Construction of nanofibril‐based gels via multiple cross‐linking methods can endow gels with special network structures to efficiently capture bioactive compounds and extra mechanical behavior. The adsorption behavior of nanofibrils at the interface is highly complex due to the influence of several intrinsic factors, which makes it challenging to form stabilized nanofibril‐based emulsion systems. Based on electrostatic interactions, microcapsules and complexes prepared using nanofibrils and polysaccharides have combined functional properties, resulting in adjustable release behavior and higher encapsulation efficiency. The bioactive compounds delivery system based on nanofibrils is a potential solution to enhance their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, improve their bioavailability, and deliver them to target organs. Although food‐grade protein nanofibrils show unknown toxicity to humans, further research can contribute to broadening the application of nanofibrils in delivery systems.
Research progress on quality deterioration mechanism and control technology of frozen muscle foods
Authors: Du Xin , Wang Bo , Li Haijing , Liu Haotian , Shi Shuo , Feng Jia , Pan Nan , Xia Xiufang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFreezing can prolong the shelf life of muscle foods and is widely used in their preservation. However, inevitable quality deterioration can occur during freezing, frozen storage, and thawing. This review explores the eating quality deterioration characteristics (color, water holding capacity, tenderness, and flavor) and mechanisms (irregular ice crystals, oxidation, and hydrolysis of lipids and proteins) of frozen muscle foods. It also summarizes and classifies the novel physical‐field‐assisted‐freezing technologies (high‐pressure, ultrasound, and electromagnetic) and bioactive antifreeze (ice nucleation proteins, antifreeze proteins, natural deep eutectic solvents, carbohydrate, polyphenol, phosphate, and protein hydrolysates), regulating the dynamic process from water to ice. Moreover, some novel thermal and nonthermal thawing technologies to resolve the loss of water and nutrients caused by traditional thawing methods were also reviewed. We concluded that the physical damage caused by ice crystals was the primary reason for the deterioration in eating quality, and these novel techniques promoted the eating quality of frozen muscle foods under proper conditions, including appropriate parameters (power, time, and intermittent mode mentioned in ultrasound‐assisted techniques; pressure involved in high‐pressure‐assisted techniques; and field strength involved in electromagnetic‐assisted techniques) and the amounts of bioactive antifreeze. To obtain better quality frozen muscle foods, more efficient technologies and substances must be developed. The synergy of novel freezing/thawing technology may be more effective than individual applications. This knowledge may help improve the eating quality of frozen muscle foods.
Polysaccharide‐based porous biopolymers for enhanced bioaccessibility and bioavailability of bioactive food compounds: Challenges, advances, and opportunities
Authors: Ubeyitogullari Ali , Ahmadzadeh Safoura , Kandhola Gurshagan , Kim Jin‐Woo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBioactive food compounds, such as lycopene, curcumin, phytosterols, and resveratrol, have received great attention due to their potential health benefits. However, these bioactive compounds (BCs) have poor chemical stability during processing and low bioavailability after consumption. Several delivery systems have been proposed for enhancing their stability and bioavailability. Among these methods, porous biopolymers have emerged as alternative encapsulation materials, as they have superior properties like high surface area, porosity, and tunable surface chemistry to entrap BCs. This reduces the crystallinity (especially for the lipophilic ones) and particle size, and in turn, increases solubilization and bioavailability. Also, loading BCs into the porous matrix can protect them against environmental stresses such as light, heat, oxygen, and pH. This review introduces polysaccharide‐based porous biopolymers for improving the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of bioactive food compounds and discusses their recent applications in the food industry. First, bioaccessibility and bioavailability are described with a special emphasis on the factors affecting them. Then, porous biopolymer fabrication methods, including supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) drying, freeze‐drying, and electrospinning and electrospraying, are thoroughly discussed. Finally, common polysaccharide‐based biopolymers (i.e., starch, nanocellulose, alginate, and pectin) used for generating porous materials are reviewed, and their current and potential future food applications are critically discussed.
Nanozyme‐encoded luminescent detection for food safety analysis: An overview of mechanisms and recent applications
Authors: Li Yuechun , Sun Jing , Huang Lunjie , Liu Sijie , Wang Shaochi , Zhang Daohong , Zhu Mingqiang , Wang Jianlong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith the rapid growth in global food production, delivery, and consumption, reformative food analytical techniques are required to satisfy the monitoring requirements of speed and high sensitivity. Nanozyme‐encoded luminescent detections (NLDs) integrating nanozyme‐based rapid detections with luminescent output signals have emerged as powerful methods for food safety monitoring, not only because of their preeminent performance in analysis, such as rapid, facile, low background signal, and ultrasensitive, but also due to their strong attractiveness for future sensing research. However, the lack of a full understanding of the fundamentals of NLDs for food safety detection technologies limits their further application. In this review, a systematic overview of the mechanisms of NLDs and their applications in the food industry is summarized, which covers the nanozyme‐mimicking types and their luminescent signal generation mechanisms, as well as their applications in monitoring common foodborne contaminants. As demonstrated by previous studies, NLDs are bridging the gap to practical‐oriented food analytical technologies and various opportunities to improve their food analytical performance to be considered in the future are proposed.
Correlation analysis between extrusion process variables and quality of purslane leaf powder rice extrudates
Authors: Qi Jiahui , Han Feng , Liu Xinhua , Li Ruihong , Wang Chenjie , Li Hongjun , Chen Shanfeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExtrusion has become one of the most popular techniques in food processing, and the process parameters are closely related to product quality. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) can be used in medical and food products as a vegetable and herb. It has limited application in extrusion. The effects of extrusion process variables (screw speed, barrel temperature, and feed moisture) on system variables (specific mechanical energy [SME], die head pressure, and torque) and target variables (water absorption index, water solubility index, iodine blue value, color, pasting properties, and textural properties) of purslane powder compound rice were studied. The results showed that SME was moderately positively correlated with screw speed (r = 0.608, p < 0.05). However, torque was moderately negatively correlated with feed moisture (r = −0.574, p < 0.05), and die head pressure was moderately negatively correlated with barrel temperature (r = −0.635, p < 0.01). The target variables of extrudates were also correlated with the system parameters to varying degrees. These results are helpful to control and predict the texture, pasting properties, and other quality characteristics of extruded products containing purslane powder.Practical ApplicationThe results showed that torque and die head pressure were moderately negatively related to barrel temperature, specific mechanical energy was moderately positively related to screw speed, peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity were moderately negatively related to specific mechanical energy, and water absorption index was moderately negatively related to torque and die head pressure. It provides a reference for the research of influencing system parameters and changing product quality by controlling extrusion process parameters. In this study, some possibilities for the application of broken rice and purslane in extrusion processing were proposed.
Iteratively mapping ancient DNA to reconstruct highly divergent mitochondrial genomes: An evaluation of software, parameters and bait reference
Authors: Westbury Michael V. , Lorenzen Eline D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The ability to obtain ancient DNA (aDNA) from extinct species has greatly improved our ability to study their evolutionary histories. Most aDNA studies focus on mitochondrial DNA for both population‐level and species‐level insights, due to its relatively high abundance and increased obtainability. Although several approaches are available to assemble mitogenomes, high levels of DNA damage and non‐target contaminating DNA make many approaches unsuitable for aDNA. Further complicating matters for most extinct species is the lack of a sufficiently closely related extant relative to act as a reference.

Iterative mapping can assemble mitogenomes without using a close reference sequence, and has been applied to aDNA from various extinct species. Despite its widespread use, the accuracy of the reconstructed assemblies is yet to be comprehensively assessed. Here, we investigated the influence of (i) mapping software (Burrows–Wheeler Alignment [BWA], MITObim and NOVOplasty), (ii) parameters and (iii) bait reference phylogenetic distance on assembly accuracy using two simulated datasets: spotted hyena and various mammalian bait references; southern cassowary and various avian bait references, and two empirical datasets: extinct cave hyena; two extinct sloth species. Specifically, we assessed the accuracy of results through three parameters: pairwise distance to a reference conspecific mitogenome, number of incorrectly inserted base pairs and total length of the assembly.

We found large discrepancies in the accuracy of reconstructed assemblies using different mapping software, parameters and bait references. Results also varied depending on the dataset, thereby making broad, generalised conclusions difficult. However, the overall most accurate results were obtained with either BWA using a minimum mapping quality of 20 and relaxed mismatch parameters (‐n 0.001 ‐o 2), or MITObim using a mismatch value of 3 or 5. We also show accuracy could be further improved by combining results from multiple bait references.

Our study provides information on how divergent mitogenomes are best reconstructed from aDNA. By obtaining the most accurate reconstruction possible, one can be more confident as to the reliability of downstream analyses, and the evolutionary inferences made from them.
Incidence of unplanned visits after cataract surgery in two large cohorts with different anti‐inflammatory treatment protocols
Authors: Gärdin Jan , Johansson Björn 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeTo compare incidences and reasons for unplanned extra visits after phacoemulsification surgery in two unselected clinical populations with different postoperative treatment protocols.DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsWe reviewed medical records of 1000 patients that underwent cataract surgery at two adjacent clinics in Sweden. At each clinic, 500 consecutive surgeries were included. Preoperatively recorded comorbidities were registered. One clinic used a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) in combination with steroids as postoperative treatment, the other used steroids in monotherapy. Main outcome was the number of patients that returned within 6 months after surgery for at least one unplanned visit. Reasons for unplanned visits were secondary outcomes.ResultsAmong patients receiving combined treatment 84 cases (16.8%) returned for at least 1 extra visit, compared with 63 cases (12.6%) in the group treated with steroids only (RR = 1.33 [95% CI 0.99–1.80, p = 0.061]). No significant differences were found regarding any underlying reasons for the visits, including cystoid macular oedema (CME). We found increased risks for CME in patients with diabetes mellitus (RR = 3.83 [95% CI 1.18–12.41, p = 0.016]) and patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) (RR = 10.76 [95% CI 3.14–36.89, p < 0.0001]).ConclusionsPostoperative anti‐inflammatory treatment with NSAID in combination with steroids did not reduce need for unplanned postoperative visits or incidence of visually disturbing CME after cataract surgery compared with steroids alone. Patient groups with elevated risks for CME are of interest in future research regarding benefits and optimal use of NSAID treatment after cataract surgery.
Social behavior practices for child protection and well‐being among low‐income urban households in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam M. Rezaul , Al Gharaibeh Fakir , Azman Azlinda , Hashim Intan H. M. , Islam Md. Robiul , Rahman Abdur 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to explore the status of social behavior practices for child protection and well‐being among low‐income urban households in Bangladesh. This study used a survey method, and data were collected through a face‐to‐face structured interview from 378 low‐income household heads from 12 wards (Konabari and Kashimpur) of Zone 5 of the Gazipur City Corporation. Results found that the current status of the presence of child protection services is very low (in many cases, this number is zero except children having birth registered). A significant number (55%) of them were married between 15 and 19 years. The study found a low level of access on the components of social behaviors where around 50% to 60% caregivers stated 4 benefits of key behaviors, necessity of hand washing after defecation and before and after taking a meal, the age of boys and girls to get married off, and know the effect and consequences of child marriage. The chi‐squared tests confirmed extremely high significance in almost all of the components. Findings will be an important guideline for the policymakers, child service practitioners, and human rights workers.
Classification of rocky outcrops plant communities in the mountains of Central Argentina
Authors: Cantero Juan José , Zeballos Sebastián Rodolfo , Núñez César Omar , Sfragulla Jorge , Acosta Alicia T. R. , Funes Guillermo , Amuchástegui Andrea , Mulko José , Bonalumi Aldo , Cabido Marcelo Rubén 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsClassification of plant communities and identification of their diagnostic species in different types of rocky outcrops in mountains from Central Argentina. We also explored how these plant communities differ in their endemisms, chorotypes and non‐natives species composition, as well as in rock chemistry, elevation and climatic variables.LocationCórdoba Province, Central Argentina.MethodsThe study was based on 505 phytosociological relevés collected from 2009 to 2019 using the Braun‐Blanquet cover‐abundance scale. The hierarchical ISOmetric feature mapping and Partition Around Medoids (ISOPAM) analysis was applied. The vegetation matrix was ordinated through isometric feature mapping (ISOMAP), and the geochemical and bioclimatic variables were related to the ISOMAP ordination.ResultsWe identified 14 plant communities distributed in three main clusters. We recorded 59 endemic species at the national level and 28 narrow endemics, restricted to the study area and nearby mountains. The number of non‐native plants was relatively low (26 species). Perennial herbs (221 species), grasses (97 species) and shrubs (68 species) were the most prominent life forms. Plant communities were associated with rock chemistry (carbonate and acidic rocks), and also with elevation and climatic variables.ConclusionThis study highlights the remarkable heterogeneity of outcrop vegetation in Central Argentina. It reveals that elevation and rock type (geochemical composition) were relevant factors associated with the floristic composition of plant communities and also, that outcrop habitats comprise a high level of endemisms, as well as a low number of non‐native species, suggesting a high value for the conservation of local and regional biodiversity.
On Generalized Latent Factor Modeling and Inference for High-Dimensional Binomial Data
Authors: Ma Ting Fung , Wang Fangfang , Zhu Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe explore a hierarchical generalized latent factor model for discrete and bounded response variables and in particular, binomial responses. Specifically, we develop a novel two-step estimation procedure and the corresponding statistical inference that is computationally efficient and scalable for the high dimension in terms of both the number of subjects and the number of features per subject. We also establish the validity of the estimation procedure, particularly the asymptotic properties of the estimated effect size and the latent structure, as well as the estimated number of latent factors. The results are corroborated by a simulation study and for illustration, the proposed methodology is applied to analyze a dataset in a gene–environment association study.
Paleo‐stratigraphic permeability anisotropy controls supergene mimetic martite goethite deposits
Authors: Poulet Thomas , Giraldo Juan Felipe , Ramanaidou Erick , Piechocka Agnieszka , Calo Victor M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Hamersley Basin in Western Australia is one of the world's largest iron ore‐producing regions, hosting two types of ore in banded iron formations: the high‐grade martite‐microplaty haematite and the supergene martite‐goethite ores. With the high‐grade ores almost entirely mined in the last decade, the supergene ores have more recently become the dominant resource of interest. Consequently, understanding the genesis of these martite‐goethite deposits is a critical step for exploration. Yet, although various models exist, there is still no consensus on how these mineral resources formed, complicating the prediction of resource volume and location. Here, we show that the paleo‐stratigraphic permeability anisotropy (with higher permeability along strata than across) controls the supergene mimetic enrichment transport process and, subsequently, the mineralisation distribution. We introduce a flow model that implicitly represents strata with a potential function that orients the permeability tensor accurately. The numerical solver uses automatic mesh adaptivity to deliver robust solutions. By accurately reproducing the mineralisation patterns in specific deposits, we identify and quantify the paleo‐water table level and permeability anisotropy ratio as the two main controlling parameters for the mineralisation distribution. These insights provide new timing constraints for the mineralisation and the physical process of iron enrichment, suggesting much more potential mineralisation volume in the paleo‐reconstructed zones than previously anticipated. These flow models allow us to draw geological conclusions with few a priori assumptions required for the genetic model in which the transport component is dominant. The predictive power of this methodology will allow targeted drilling to narrow down the prospective areas and lower exploration costs. Furthermore, the methodology's generality applies to other commodities in sedimentary basins involving supergene processes and will improve our understanding of various genetic models.
Locking down adolescents: Victims, irresponsible subjects, or just social actors
Authors: Favretto Anna Rosa , Calvi Cristina , Carbone Domenico , Finelli Manuel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe article presents the results of a qualitative study investigating the experiences of a sample of Italian adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data were analysed in the light of the two social representations (adolescents as criminals and as victims) that permeated the Italian public debate throughout the outbreak. The findings showed the ability of boys and girls in dealing with the relationships altered by the pandemic constraints and in adapting to different regulations. This demonstrated their competence as social actors, neither criminals nor victims, who were also able to cope with the coronavirus risk in safeguarding their significant others.