bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal Browning of Brussels Sprouts: A Calcium Deficiency Disorder1
Authors: Maynard Donald N. , Barker Allen V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera, Zenker) were grown in sand culture at variable Ca levels in the greenhouse. More Ca accumulated in leaves than in sprouts. With plant growth restricted by late seeding and low greenhouse temp, typical Ca deficiency symptoms occurred on the growing points of plants cultured at low Ca levels, but internal browning did not occur. When growth was enhanced by cultural modifications, sprout internal browning occurred at low Ca levels and decreased as Ca levels were increased. The incidence of internal browning was related to low Ca concn in sprouts.
Effects of Age and Position on Mineral Composition of Mango Leaves1
Authors: Koo R. C. J. , Young T. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
As mango leaves increased in age, lower P and K contents were found, while Ca content was higher. The basal leaf was lower in N and Ca but higher in P and K contents when compared with the terminal leaf of the same shoots. Only small differences were observed when leaves were compared from fruiting and nonfruiting shoots. The practical application of data in sampling mango leaves is discussed.
A Comparison of Three Nucellar Selections of Red Grapefruit with Old Budline Redblush1
Authors: Maxwell Norman P. , Burns Edward E. , Wutscher Heinz K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Virus-free nucellar budlines of red grapefruit and an old budline selection carrying exocortis and xyloporosis were grafted on sour orange rootstocks and grown under commercial conditions in the orchard. No differences were found in fruit quality. The old line trees produced the greatest tonnage of fruit for the first 7 years. By the tenth year the old budline trees were only 55-62% as large as the nucellar trees and were producing less fruit. Counting numbers of fruit above and below 96 ring size revealed no distinct differences in fruit size. This information should be vital to those concerned with early returns from citrus groves.
A Comparison of Ethephon, DCIB, SADH, and DPA for Abscission of Fruits, Flowers, and Floral Buds in Determinate Tomatoes1
Authors: Veliath J. A. , Ferguson A. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
At the highest concentration, sodium 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate (DCIB), 2-(chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) and N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (SADH) produced abscission (flowers + floral buds) of approximately 90, 66, and 32%, respectively. DPA, at the rates used, produced no abscission. Only DCIB at 6000 ppm caused significant fruit drop. Ethephon and SADH were more effective for the abscission of buds than flowers, the reverse was true for DCIB. At the highest concentration, ethephon and DCIB produced approximately 35% abscission within 2 days, whereas with SADH abscission did not begin until 8 days after application. The chemicals × cluster-age interaction was highly significant.
The Effect of Rootstocks on Growth and Flowering of Apple Seedlings1
Authors: Visser T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flowering of seedlings was hastened on M IX and retarded on M XVI rootstocks, irrespective of the interstock and irrespective of the influence of rootstock or interstock on growth. Malus sikkimensis (Hook. f.) Koehne and M. hypehensis (Pamp.) Rehd. seedlings used as rootstocks reduced growth and retarded flowering.
Vigor and precocity of a rootstock are independent properties, in that the ability of a rootstock to induce early flowering is determined by its specific precocity only. Under optimal conditions for growth, seedlings on their own roots may flower as soon as on M IX. The latter profit less from such conditions due to the growth retarding effect of the grafting or budding operation proper. Therefore, unless orchard space is limited, there is little advantage in using a rootstock such as M IX for shortening the juvenile period of apple seedlings.
Effects of Growth Retardants and Fumigations With Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide on Growth and Flowering of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.1
Authors: Cathey Henry M. , Heggestad Howard E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Eight cultivars of poinsettia, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd., were evaluated for sensitivity to α-cyclopropyl-α (4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine methanol (ancymidol) and protection from ozone and sulfur dioxide injury afforded by applications of ancymidol and (2-chloroethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (chlormequat). Foliar sprays of ancymidol were at least 80 to 500 times and the soil drench 1000 times more active than chlormequat in retarding stem elongation. The diam of the bracts was reduced, but branching increased more on plants treated with ancymidol than on untreated plants. The cv. Annette Hegg (AH) was more sensitive to ozone fumigations than was ‘Eckespoint C-l’ (C-l). Sulfur dioxide also caused more injury to AH than to C-l. Ancymidol and chlormequat reduced visible injury induced by ozone and sulfur dioxide.
Stimulation of Leaf Abscission of Tree Fruit Nursery Stock With Ethephon - Surfactant Mixtures1
Authors: Larsen Fenton E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Combinations of ethephon and D-WK (Dupont-WK) surfactant were effective in stimulating leaf abscission of 20 cultivars in 5 species of tree fruit nursery stock. Species and cultivars varied considerably in sensitivity to mixtures of these chemicals, but 1 to 3 applications at weekly intervals of 200 to 400 ppm ethephon + 1 to 2% D-WK were generally effective. These treatments caused little xylem, phloem or bud damage except to ‘Early Redhaven’ peach and ‘Early Italian’ prune. ‘Rome’ apple was sensitive but was not damaged by concn of 200 ppm ethephon + 1% D-WK. D-WK stimulated leaf abscission when used alone at 1 to 2% but acted more slowly than when combined with ethephon. Ethephon alone at 200 to 400 ppm was usually relatively ineffective.
Fruit-set and Development in the Pear: Diffusible Growth Substances from Seeded and Seedless Fruits1
Authors: Gil Gonzalo F. , Martin George C. , Griggs William H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Seasonal changes in natural growth substances were studied by collecting the diffusate, via the pedicel, from intact seeded ‘Winter Nelis’, seeded ‘Bartlett’, and parthenocarpic ‘Bartlett’ pear fruits. The diffusate of ‘Bartlett’ fruits collected 10 to 25 days after full bloom (AFB) contained more auxin-like promoter than did that of ‘Winter Nelis’ fruits. With the exception of the 45-day sample, the diffusate from parthenocarpic ‘Bartlett’ fruits had more promoter from 25 to 70 days (AFB) than did either seeded pear. In contrast, more gibberellin (GA)-like materials diffused from ‘Winter Nelis’ fruits than from seeded or parthenocarpic ‘Bartlett’ fruits. With all types of pears the concentration of abscisic acid-like materials in the diffusate was similar until harvest when the concentration was greater for ‘Winter Nelis’ than for ‘Bartlett’. The combined effect of relatively low amounts of auxin-like and greater amounts of GA-like materials may explain why the presence of seeded pears during the postbloom period has a greater inhibitory effect on flower bud formation in ‘Winter Nelis’ than in ‘Bartlett’.
Influence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertility on Cold Acclimation of Roots and Stems of Two Container-Grown Woody Plant Species1
Authors: Pellett Norman E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen fertility levels during the summer and fall had little effect on cold acclimation of root or stem tissues of container-grown plants of Forsythia intermedia Zab. cv. Lynwood by mid-November 1969. Tissue N levels of roots decreased from August 1 to September 3, but had increased again on October 30. Nitrogen fertilization rates affected tissue levels of P and K in Forsythia roots. Nitrogen and P levels that resulted in acceptable plants had limited effect on cold acclimation of Cornus alba L. var. sibirica Loud and Forsythia roots and stems in late October or early November 1970. Increased N and P fertilization affected tissue levels of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg.
Ammonium Reduction of Calcium and Magnesium Content of Tomato and Sweet Corn Leaf Tissue and Influence on Incidence of Blossom End Rot of Tomato Fruit1
Authors: Wilcox Gerald E. , Hoff Johan E. , Jones Charles M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fertilization of tomato and sweetcorn seedlings with NH4-N generally resulted in growth reduction as well as reduced contents of Ca and Mg in the tissues to deficient or nearly deficient levels. The effects were more pronounced on tomatoes than on corn. Fertilization of plants, with a combination of NO3 + NH4-N resulted in Ca and Mg levels in the tissue intermediate between that of plants receiving NH4-N or NO3-N. Ammonium N applied during fruiting of tomato plants resulted in rapid development of blossom-end rot of the fruit, probably due to the influence of NH4-N on Ca uptake.
Pesticide Effects on the Plant Cuticle: I. Response of Brassica oleracea L. to EPTC as Indexed by Epicuticular Wax Production1
Authors: Flore J. A. , Bukovac M. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Production of epicuticular wax by expanding leaves of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata cv. Market Prize) was inhibited by S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Increasing the concentration of EPTC (0, 0.28, 0.56, 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha) resulted in greater inhibition of epicuticular wax production. Both soil and foliar application of EPTC were effective. All leaves not fully expanded at time of application were affected, and no regeneration of epicuticular wax was evident after full leaf expansion. The difference between the amount of wax produced by the control and EPTC-treated plants gradually declined on those leaves which developed after EPTC application. This reduction was accompanied by an absence of wax bloom and a reduction of surface wax fine-structure.
Effect of Repeated N, P, K, and Lime Applications on Soil pH, P, and K Under Old and Young Pecan Trees1
Authors: Worley Ray E. , Harmon S. A. , Carter R. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Concentration of pecan roots in the 15-45 cm layer of soil and lower soil pH, P, and K in the 15-30 cm layer than in adjacent layers indicate that pecan trees are feeding primarily in this zone. Fertilization with N-containing complete fertilizers or NH4NO3 reduced soil pH gradually, and continued annual application gradually affected deeper soil layers. Phosphorus and K applications affected soil pH very little.
Continued annual applications of P gradually built up residual soil P (measured one year later) to high levels at all layers sampled for old trees over a 10-year period. When P applications were based on topsoil P levels, subsoil P level was not affected over a 5-year period.
Applications of K usually increased residual soil K, but rate effects were slow to appear in old trees and were often erratic. Rates of K were readily reflected in residual soil K levels at depths to 70 cm when rates were based on topsoil K level.
Soil Toxicity of 2,4-D to Pome Fruit Trees from Herbicide Application1
Authors: Benson Nels R. , Covey Ronald P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Symptoms of 2,4-D injury were observed on apple and pear trees following commercial herbicide application. This was thought to be due to absorption from the soil. 2,4-D was found to move easily into orchard soils when applied to soil columns and irrigated. Concentrations in excess of 0.5 ppm occurred. Apple trees were damaged by this concentration. 2,4-D is readily inactivated in moist soil or on a moist soil surface. Less than one week is required for deactivation. Although field observations always indicated injury occurred when both 2,4-D and paraquat were applied together, laboratory and greenhouse studies indicated that paraquat did not increase 2,4-D movement or slow its deactivation.
A Possible Role of Catalase in the Rest of Peach, Prunus persica, Sieb. and Zucc., Flower Buds1
Authors: Kaminski W. , Rom R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Catalase activity in peach flower buds was found to be comparatively high before winter dormancy. Chilling at 5°C resulted in a decrease in catalase activity. The lowest level was reached near the end of dormancy. Flower buds of cultivars requiring a longer chilling requirement had the greatest depression in catalase activity. The onset of 25°C temperature following a few days at 5°C delayed change in catalase activity during the next 5°C chilling period and resulted in a condition comparable to prolonged dormancy. Flower buds near the end of rest or in a post dormant rest when placed at 25°C showed a rapid increase in catalase activity. A flower bud’s ability to rejuvenate its catalase level is correlated with it’s flowering ability. Free internal O2 due to the catalase system may trigger peach flower bud development.
Association of Seed Color with Emergence and Seed Yield of Snap Beans1
Authors: Deakin John R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Field tests involving 47 pairs of snap bean breeding lines, near-isogenic except for differences in seed color, demonstrated that colored-seeded sub-lines were superior to their white-seeded counterparts in emergence and seedling vigor. In 11 yield comparisons between colored- and white-seeded isogenic sub-lines, the colored-seeded sub-lines outyielded their white-seeded counterparts by an average of 67%. Covariance techniques were used to adjust yields to remove stand effects. The results suggested that differences in stand based on seed color was a major factor affecting yield.
Factors Influencing Flowering of Rhubarb1,2
Authors: Hiller L. K. , Kossowski M. , Kelly W. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flowering of rhubarb (Rheum spp.) was affected by plant age and vernalization temperature and by vernalization time in young crowns. Year-old crowns flowered after storage at 0°C or 5°C for 3 months or more. All 19 week-old crowns flowered after storage at 0°C for 3 months or more and some flowered after storage at 5°C. The 16 week-old crowns flowered only after 4½ and 6 months storage at 0°C. None of the 13 week-old crowns flowered. There was no flowering of crowns stored at 10°C regardless of age or length of storage. Growing temperature and photoperiod following vernalization did not influence flowering.
Variations in Nitrate Accumulation Among Spinach Cultivars1
Authors: Barker Allen V. , Maynard Donald N. , Mills Harry A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Eighteen spinach cultivars were found to vary considerably in NO3 concentrations in their leaves. Smooth-leafed cultivars were lower in NO3 concentration than heavily savoyed cultivars. Some medium or semisavoyed cultivars were low NO3 accumulators, and others were high accumulators. A low degree of savoyedness appears to be a useful factor in the selection of spinach cultivars with tendencies for low NO3 accumulation.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield, Size, and Color of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple1
Authors: Williams M. W. , Billingsley H. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fruit color and quality of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples was directly related to the nitrogen content of the tree. When leaf-nitrogen (N) levels were above 2.2% dry weight, the fruit tended to be large and green. Maximum yields of high-quality fruit were obtained when leaf-N levels were from 1.9 to 2.1% dry weight.
Strawberry Cultivars Compared For Virus Content, Runner and Fruit Production1
Authors: Converse R. H. , Martin L. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The incidence of viruses in strawberry runner plants from 3 test plantings in Oregon varied by cultivar; incidence was greatest near the center of the major strawberry producing area of Oregon (Aurora) and was less in north-central Oregon (Hermiston) and in southern Oregon (Roseburg), where few strawberries are grown. Runner plants harvested from Aurora, Hermiston, and Roseburg plots in April 1970 were planted at Aurora in a comparative-yield trial with commercial nursery stocks from California, Oregon, and Washington. During the first year there were no significant differences in fruit production or in runner production among the sources of a particular cultivar planted at the same time at Aurora. However, during the second fruiting year, ‘Hood’ stock from Aurora yielded significantly less than some other ‘Hood’ stocks. We conclude that the Hermiston and Roseburg areas in Oregon can produce strawberry-nursery stock of the same quality with respect to virus incidence as other isolated areas now used for this purpose on the Pacific Coast.
During this study, virus incidence in daughter plants varied markedly from year to year in consecutive annual plantings of indexed plants at a given location. The number of runner plants produced, however, was not significantly correlated with the virus incidence in these runner plants over the 3-year period of the test.
Plant Competition: Influence of Density on Water Requirements, Soil Gas Composition and Soil Compaction1
Authors: Kays S. J. , Nicklow C. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Plant populations of tomato (12.7 × 12.7, 25.4 × 25.4 and 50.8 × 50.8 cm) were studied from the standpoint of changing water needs, alterations in the composition of the soil gas phase, and changes in soil compaction. Increased populations of plants required progressively more water per unit area of land. Distinct changes in the soil gas phase also occurred with increased plant population, date of measurement, and depth in the soil. A typical inverse relationship between CO2 and O2 concentration occurred with increasing soil depth. Both CO2 and O2 decreased with increased population. An inverse relationship between CO2 and O2 occurred in the early part of the growing season, while a positive correlation was noted in the latter part. The O2 concentration increased progressively during the growing season. The concentration of ethylene in the soil gas phase increased during the growing season, however, no significant population or depth effects were noted. There were no significant differences in soil compaction with increased plant population; however, a progressive consolidation with time occurred. Increases in population density of tomatoes resulted in both changes in requirements for production and distinct alterations in the plant community’s environment.
Effect of Nitrogen Form on Growth and Composition of Tomato and Pea Tissue1
Authors: Torres de Claassen Maria Elena , Wilcox G. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ammonium nutrition reduced Ca and Mg composition of tomatoes but not peas in a study of NH4 and NO3-N influence at different Ca and Mg levels in solution and media pH adjustment.
Growth of shoot and root tissue of tomatoes and peas was reduced with NH4-N when pH of the medium was not buffered. Addition of dolomite increased growth of tomatoes with NH4-N equal to that with NO3-N.
The competitive effect of Ca and Mg in uptake by tomato plants with NO3-N was absent with NH4-N. Ammonium nutrition also eliminated competition uptake between Ca and Mg when pH was regulated with dolomite or with the addition of CaSO4.
The Ca and Mg composition of the tomato tops was reduced by NH4-N and was directly related to root composition. The Ca and Mg composition of the pea tops was the same with NO3-N or NH4-N while NH4-N reduced the Ca and Mg composition of the root tissue.
Growth of Azalea, [Rhododendron obtusum (Lindl). Planch. cv. Coral Bell] and Wax Myrtle [Myrica cerifera L.] as Affected by Capillary Watering, Media Type and Depth1
Authors: Patel S. I. , Tinga J. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The avg wt increase of subirrigated dormant azalea tops after 75 days was 4.5g and of wax myrtle was 10.0g. The wax myrtle in a 30 cm deep perlite and peat medium produced the greatest fresh and dry wt which was twice as heavy as plants grown in a sand and bark medium. The peat, sand and soil and the peat and sand media produced the greatest new shoot number in azalea. The wax myrtle had greater shoot length in peat, sand and soil, and the per lite and peat media at 30cm depth, than in the peat and sand or the sand and coarse bark media. The azalea produced 5 shoots per plant which averaged 23cm in length, while wax myrtle produced 4 shoots with 41 cm in length. There was a decrease in soluble salt level and media pH but an increase in % media moisture with greater sampling depth from surface to bottom. Subirrigation may be beneficial for a wide variety of plants and cultural conditions since it provided a precise amount of water at all times.
Practical Significance of the Application of Chemicals in Organic Solvents to Dry Seeds1
Authors: Tao Kar-Ling , Khan Anwar A. , Harman Gary E. , Eckenrode Charles J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Several chemicals applied to dry seeds by means of organic solvents were successful in preserving seed quality as determined by germinating capability of seeds or ATP content. The fungicide (pentachloronitrobenzene)-treated, injured or healthy pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) seeds were highly resistant to infection by Aspergillus ruber (Konig, Spiekerman and Bremer) Thom and Church (NRRL 52), a storage fungus. The insecticide, Chlorpyrifos3 caused the lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L. cv. Fordhook 242) seeds to produce seedlings with reduced levels of damage from the seed-corn maggot, Hylemya platura (Meigen). The antibiotics, chloramphenicol and puromycin, slowed down the rate of deterioration of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids) seeds stored under accelerated aging conditions [43°C & 85% Relative Humidity (RH)].
Peach Rootstock/Scion Hardiness Effects1
Authors: Chaplin C. E. , Schneider G. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cold resistance of current season shoots of ‘Redhaven’ peach in the nursery as affected by 4 rootstocks was determined by electrical conductance. Significant conductance differences were noted on scion due to rootstock effects, and the most effective time for determining this difference appeared to be in early winter. There were significant differences due to late N applications. Late winter determinations showed that rootstock effects tend to diminish except at critical temperatures. There was variance in relative hardiness of stocks from 1 temperature to another or on different dates but, in general, ‘New’ and ‘Harrow Blood’ transmitted more hardiness to scions that did ‘Siberian C’ or ‘Rutgers Red Leaf’. ‘Siberian C’ was generally better than ‘Rutgers Red Leaf’.
Effects of Incorporation Depth and Activated Carbon on Sweet Potato Response to Vernolate1
Authors: Wilson H. P. , Graves B. , Savage C. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Incorporation of S-propyl dipropythiocarbamate (vernolate) to a depth of 5.0 cm in soil resulted in more vigor reduction of sweet potatoes [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] than incorporation to a depth of 10.0 to 12.5 cm. The initial plant response to vernolate by ‘Nemagold’ was greater than by either ‘Julian’ or ‘Centennial’. Yields of all 3 cultivars were not affected by vernolate at the rate of 2.2 kg/ha, but yields were reduced at rates of 4.5 and 6.7 kg/ha. Activated carbon applied as a suspension in the transplant water protected sweet potatoes from vigor reductions at rates of vernolate up to 6.7 kg/ha. Dipping roots in a suspension of activated carbon prior to transplanting failed to protect sweet potatoes from vernolate injury.