bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Designer Learning and Performance in Interactive Deep Generative Design
Authors: Chaudhari Ashish M. , Selva Daniel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Deep generative models have shown significant promise to improve performance in design space exploration (DSE), but they lack interpretability. A component of interpretability in DSE is helping designers learn how input design decisions influence multi-objective performance. This experimental study explores how human-machine collaboration influences both designer learning and design performance in deep learning-based DSE. A within-subject experiment is implemented with 42 subjects involving mechanical metamaterial design using a conditional variational auto-encoder. The independent variables in the experiment are two interactivity factors: (i) simulatability, e.g., manual design generation (high simulatability), manual feature-based design synthesis, and semi-automated feature-based synthesis (low simulatibility); and (ii) semanticity of features, e.g., meaningful versus abstract latent features. We perform assessment of designer learning using item response theory and design performance using metrics such as distance to utopia point and hypervolume improvement. The findings highlights a highly intertwined relationship between designer learning and design performance. Compared to manual design generation, the semi-automated synthesis generates designs closer to the utopia point. Still, it does not result in greater hyper-volume improvement. Further, the subjects learn the effects of semantic features better than abstract features, but only when the design performance is sensitive to those semantic features. Potential cognitive constructs, such as cognitive load and recognition heuristic, that may influence the interpretability of deep generative models are discussed.
Travel Links Prediction in Shared Mobility Networks Using Graph Neural Network Models
Authors: Xiao Yinshuang , Ahmed Faez , Sha Zhenghui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The emerging sharing mobility systems are gaining increasing popularity because of the significant economical and environmental benefits. To facilitate the operation of sharing mobility systems, many studies are conducted to analyze and predict users’ travel behaviors. However, most research focuses on investigating every station’s usage and demand; therefore, insight into the user behavior and travel demand between stations from origin to destination is little known. Aiming to better understand the factors that would influence origin-destination travel demand, we present a complex network-based approach to predicting the travel demand between stations (e.g., whether two stations have sufficient trips to form a strong connection in a month) in sharing mobility systems. Particularly, in this study, we are interested in knowing whether local network information (e.g., the neighboring station’s features of a station and its surrounding points of interest (POI), such as banks, schools, etc.) would influence the formation of a strong connection or not. If so, to what extent do such factors play a role in it. To answer this question, we adopt Graph Neural Network (GNN), in which the concept of network embedding can capture and quantify the effect of local network structures. The results are compared with the regular artificial neural network (ANN) model without network embedding. This study is demonstrated using the bike sharing system, Divvy Bike in Chicago, as an example. We observe that the GNN prediction gains up to 9% higher performance than that of the ANN model. This implies that the local network information contributes to the formation of sharing mobility network. Moreover, it is found that when predicting the following year’s network, the model that employs the node embedding obtained from the previous year’s network outperforms the model with the node embedding obtained from the ANN predicted networks.
An Information-Decision Framework to Support Cooperative Decision Making in the Top-Down Design of Cyber-Physical-Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Baby Mathew , Balu Nellippallil Anand 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Decision-making in the design of cyber-physical manufacturing (CPM) systems is complex due to many decisional entities and their complex interactions that need to be appropriately modeled and analyzed.
One approach to designing these systems is the goal-oriented inverse design (GoID), using which satisficing design solutions are sought in a top-down manner. In this approach, entity decisions are directed towards meeting the goals propagated inversely from the subsequent entity in the manufacturing sequence. However, achieving the goals in a top-down manner may not be feasible for certain scenarios due to the defined constraints, available bounds, and targets for an entity. This leads to design conflicts between the entities and loss in entity and overall system-level performances.
In this paper, we propose an information-decision framework that allows designers to model entity decision-making in a goal-directed manner, detect potential conflicts between entities, and regulate entity-level decisions to achieve improved entity and system-level performances. The regulation of entity decisions is accomplished by modifying active design variable bounds (considering the sensitivity of the goals to design variables), active constraint limits, or both jointly. The efficacy of the proposed framework is tested using a hot rod rolling problem involving sequential decisions. Using the problem, we showcase the use of the framework in detecting and systematically managing conflicts while designing the material, product, and manufacturing processes involved. The framework is generic, facilitates the top-down sequential design of interacting entities, and promotes cooperative design decision-making to manage design conflicts.
Let’s Role Play! the Impact of Video Frequency and Role Playing on the Utility of a Psychological Safety Team Intervention
Authors: Drum Ava , Cole Courtney , Ritter Sarah , Mohammed Susan , Jablokow Kathryn , Miller Scarlett 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
There is growing evidence on the importance of psychological safety, or how comfortable participants feel in sharing their opinions and ideas in a team, in engineering team performance. However, how to support it in engineering student teams has yet to be explored. The goal of this study was to investigate whether a video intervention with assigned roles could foster psychological safety in student engineering teams. In addition, we sought to explore the impact of the frequency of the videos and the utility of the roles on the self-efficacy of students and the perceived psychological safety of the team. Specifically, this study introduces video interventions and the four lenses of psychological safety (Turn-Taking Equalizer, Point of View Shifter, Affirmation Advocate, and Creativity Promoter), and seeks to determine their effectiveness at increasing psychological safety self-efficacy and individual levels of psychological safety. A pilot study was completed with 54 participants (36 males, 17 females, 1 non-binary/third gender) enrolled in a cornerstone engineering design course. Over 10 weeks, data was collected at 5 time points. The results present four key findings. Most notably, 1) a video educating all students about psychological safety in general was effective in improving psychological safety self-efficacy and students retained this information to the end of the project;2) intervention groups taught to use the four lenses did not have a statistically significant higher level of psychological safety than nonintervention groups; and 3) intervention groups perceived the use of the lenses to increase psychological safety. These results provide a baseline understanding that is needed to support psychological safety including: when to intervene, how to intervene, and how frequently to intervene.
Stability Analysis of a One Degree-of-Freedom Robot Model With Sampled Digital Acceleration Feedback Controller in Turning
Authors: Bártfai András , Barrios Asier , Dombovari Zoltan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the stability of robots in machining. The goal is to improve the dynamic performance of robots using an additional acceleration signal fed back through the conventional built-in proportional-derivative controller provided by the manufacturer. The structure of the robot is modelled with a simple one degree-of-freedom lumped model. The control signals are fed back via a linear spring and damping. The time delays of feedback controllers are considered as zero-order holds, which results in sawtooth-like time-periodic time delays. The resulting equation of motion is an advanced delay differential equation. The semidiscretization method is shown for such systems with multiple sampled digital delays. First, we establish the stable regions in the plane of the sampling delay and the gain of the acceleration signal without machining. Then we show the possibility to improve stability in the simplest possible cutting case using the additional acceleration feedback controller compared to the cases without any controller or using only the proportional-derivative controller.
Period-1 Motions to Homoclinic Orbits in the Rössler System
Authors: Xing Siyuan , Luo Albert C. J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this study, period-1 motions in the Rössler system are predicted through a mapping structure of an implicit mapping. The implicit mapping is obtained from the discretization of the differential equations. The stability and bifurcation of the period-1 motions are discussed through the eigenvalue analysis. The period-1 motions varying with a system parameter is presented. The period-1 motion at its two limit ends connects to two homoclinic orbits through system parameter variation, and the corresponding approximate homoclinic orbit is presented semi-analytically. Numerical simulations of stable periodic motions are carried out for comparison to semi-analytical predictions.
Evaluating the Effect of Project Frame on Communicative Patterns in Capstone Design Pitches
Authors: Link Samantha , Krishnakumar Sandeep , Menold Jessica 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Effective communication is an integral part of engineering design and leads to successful design outcomes. While there have been extensive calls to equip novice designers with effective communication skills, there is only a limited body of work that has attempted to characterize the communication patterns of novice designers, particularly when engaging with external audiences. This work seeks to characterize how the project type, or the nature of design problem, shapes the communicative patterns of novice designers when communicating design outcomes to external audiences. Presentations of design solutions from 46 teams were collected at the end of a semester-long capstone design program. These presentations were then characterized as industry- and human-centered projects. Analysis was conducted using topic modeling and Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count analysis to identify differences in linguistic patterns of novice designers between the two project types. Contrary to prior findings, no significant differences were found, implying that the communication patterns of novice designers are not affected by the type of project (or design problem being solved).
Dynamic Contact Analysis of Grosh Wheel Using Reduced Order System Approach
Authors: G. Akilesh , Pandey Manoj 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Design problems using high fidelity numerical methods such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA) can be computationally intensive, especially if they require multiple runs for different loading conditions or varying parameters. Hence reduced-order models (ROM) which can reproduce the simulation results with high accuracy, while working at a very low computational budget are desirable. Subspace projection-based ROMs are widely used for the analysis of linear systems, using linear eigenmodes as projection basis and can be extended to nonlinear systems using empirical eigenmodes such as Proper Orthogonal modes (POM). However, problems involving moving contact are difficult to handle for such procedure due to moving boundary conditions of the underlying PDE. Here we use the approach proposed by [1] towards reduced-order dynamic analysis of Hyperelastic wheel rolling, incorporating the geometric and material nonlinearities in addition to contact with a view to extend it to tire rolling analysis. The simulations are performed using commercial Finite Element software Abaqus and the ROM based results are verified using Matlab and show a very good match for displacement and contact forces with a model that is orders of magnitude smaller than the full order system.
Digital Engineering Platform for Synergistic Decision-Making In Manufacturing Plant Operations: Research Questions
Authors: Gautham B. P. , Swaminathan Natarajan , Shukla Rishabh , Gaduparthi Trinath , Malhotra Chetan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Decision makers in the manufacturing industry ranging from plant operators to senior management make decisions based on a combination of defined procedures and rules, expert inputs and analysis, and their own knowledge and understanding of the problem context. Decision spaces are getting more complex, with the business paradigms shifting towards autonomous plants and servitization of products. With the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) and technologies such as machine learning and digital twins, the resources and capabilities available to decision-makers are expanding vastly. The gamut of concerns to be addressed is also expanding, with new challenges such as sustainability and its concomitant regulations and the pressure to make businesses more socially aware. Further, it would be ideal if decision-makers could easily draw upon the relevant knowledge, intuition, and experience of human experts, as well as knowledge currently buried in documents and data, and synthesize all the diverse inputs towards informed decision-making by integrating cyber, physical, and social systems. This motivates the question, “How do we create platforms that synergize these diverse knowledge sources and capabilities to facilitate better decision-making?” In this paper, we try to delve into identification of few key research questions and discuss opportunities and requirements around the same, that can aid in creating a digital platform to synergize all these diverse inputs and support decision-making. While this paper uses decision-making in manufacturing plant operations to explore the challenges and discuss one possible approach, the problem of enabling seamless synergy between the knowledge and capabilities of diverse human, IT and physical elements applies to all Cyber Physical Social Systems (CPSS).
A Variable Stiffness End-of-Arm Mechanism for Safe Operation in Industrial Environments
Authors: Jujjavarapu Sri Sadhan , Esfahani Ehsan Tarkesh 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In robotic manipulation, uncertainties in the operating environment can result in the exchange of unintended forces that can harm the operator, robot, tool, or the operating environment. In this study, we present a variable stiffness end-of-arm mechanism (VSEAM) to improve the collision safety of industrial robots. In VSEAM, the endpoint stiffness of the robotic manipulator is controlled using the displacement of permanent magnets. Additionally, a calibrated force model is developed for these magnets to detect external collisions. In the event of an unintended collision, the nonlinear compliance of the VSEAM provides passive displacement of the tool and provides enough time for the robot to react to the collision. Such passive displacement helps in absorbing the partial impact energy and thus protects the tool and the environment from damage. The proposed mechanism is validated during unintended collisions with two different operational speeds (end-effector speeds of 0.3 m/s, and 0.5 m/s) and two different loads at the end-effector (0.4 Kg and 1 Kg). The transmitted forces in low and medium stiffness settings of the VSEAM is compared to the high stiffness setting of the robot (in the absence of the VSEAM) demonstrating the capability of the proposed system to reduce the transmitted forced by approximately 50%.
Cancer research across Africa: a comparative bibliometric analysis
Authors: Mutebi Miriam , Lewison Grant , Aggarwal Ajay , Alatise Olusegun Isaac , Booth Christopher , Cira Miska , Grover Surbhi , Ginsburg Ophira , Gralow Julie , Gueye Serine , Kithaka Benda , Kingham T Peter , Kochbati Lofti , Moodley Jennifer , Mohammed Sulma Ibrahim , Mutombo Alex , Ndlovu Ntokozo , Ntizimira Christian , Parham Groesbeck Preer , Walter Fiona , Parkes Jeannette , Shamely Delva , Hammad Nazik , Seeley Janet , Torode Julie , Sullivan Richard , Vanderpuye Verna 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionResearch is a critical pillar in national cancer control planning. However, there is a dearth of evidence for countries to implement affordable strategies. The WHO and various Commissions have recommended developing stakeholder-based needs assessments based on objective data to generate evidence to inform national and regional prioritisation of cancer research needs and goals.MethodologyBibliometric algorithms (macros) were developed and validated to assess cancer research outputs of all 54 African countries over a 12-year period (2009–2020). Subanalysis included collaboration patterns, site and domain-specific focus of research and understanding authorship dynamics by both position and sex. Detailed subanalysis was performed to understand multiple impact metrics and context relative outputs in comparison with the disease burden as well as the application of a funding thesaurus to determine funding resources.ResultsAfrican countries in total published 23 679 cancer research papers over the 12-year period (2009–2020) with the fractional African contribution totalling 16 201 papers and the remaining 7478 from authors from out with the continent. The total number of papers increased rapidly with time, with an annual growth rate of 15%. The 49 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries together published just 5281 papers, of which South Africa’s contribution was 2206 (42% of the SSA total, 14% of all Africa) and Nigeria’s contribution was 997 (19% of the SSA total, 4% of all Africa). Cancer research accounted for 7.9% of all African biomedical research outputs (African research in infectious diseases was 5.1 times than that of cancer research). Research outputs that are proportionally low relative to their burden across Africa are paediatric, cervical, oesophageal and prostate cancer. African research mirrored that of Western countries in terms of its focus on discovery science and pharmaceutical research. The percentages of female researchers in Africa were comparable with those elsewhere, but only in North African and some Anglophone countries.ConclusionsThere is an imbalance in relevant local research generation on the continent and cancer control efforts. The recommendations articulated in our five-point plan arising from these data are broadly focused on structural changes, for example, overt inclusion of research into national cancer control planning and financial, for example, for countries to spend 10% of a notional 1% gross domestic expenditure on research and development on cancer.
Physician consultation rates and characteristics among workers with chronic pain or headache who participated in a behavioural change program: a retrospective database analysis using real-world healthcare data
Authors: Nozawa Kazutaka , Matsuyama Satoshi , Higa Shingo , Yamamoto Yuji , Asami Yuko 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the potential benefit of a behavioural change programme in working individuals with chronic pain or headache, in the form of increased physician consultation.DesignRetrospective observational database study.SettingMembers of employment-based healthcare insurance in Japan.ParticipantsIndividual-level data of working individuals aged <75 years from November 2019 through March 2020 were extracted from a database managed by MinaCare Co., Ltd. Included individuals had records of programme participation and chronic pain or headache (self-reported), and did not consult physicians for ≥3 months before programme participation.Outcome measuresPhysician consultation rates after participating in the programme were examined from December 2019 through March 2020, separately for chronic pain and headache. Baseline characteristics included age, pain numeric rating scale (NRS) score (for chronic pain), suspected migraine (for headache), labour productivity including absenteeism and presenteeism, and 4-month indirect costs in Japanese yen (JPY).ResultsThe baseline mean age (±SD) of 506 individuals with chronic pain was 46.8±10.1 years; that of 352 individuals with headache was 43.6±9.9 years. Of those with chronic pain, 71.4% had an NRS score≥4, and 49.7% of those with headache had suspected migraine. Overall, 11.3% and 5.4% of those with chronic pain or headache consulted physicians, respectively. The mean baseline absenteeism and presenteeism were 1.5% and 19.1% in those with chronic pain, and 1.5% and 23.0% in those with headache. The baseline indirect costs were 586 941.6 JPY and 1 060 281.6 JPY among those with chronic pain or headache, respectively.ConclusionGiven that the individuals did not regularly consult physicians before the programme despite reporting substantial symptoms, our results suggest the potential benefit of educational programmes encouraging physician consultation. Further studies are required to evaluate how to effectively implement such educational programmes via healthcare insurers to reduce the burden of pain symptoms and overall medical costs.
Barriers and facilitators to healthy active living in South Asian families in Canada: a thematic analysis
Authors: Mirza Sabina , Kandasamy Sujane , de Souza Russell J , Wahi Gita , Desai Dipika , Anand Sonia S , Ritvo Paul 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThe study objective was to understand the barriers and facilitators to healthy active living in South Asian families living in Canada.DesignSemi-structured interviews of 30–60-minute duration with South Asian women with young families, and analysed using a thematic analytical approach.SettingCommunity-dwelling South Asian women interviewed in the home environment or by phone.ParticipantsFifteen married South Asian women (mean age=34.2 years) living in the Peel region of Ontario, Canada, with at least 1 child under the age of 5 years. The majority of women had immigrated to Canada (13/15), during a 5–10-year interval preceding interviews.Results57 different codes were derived from 18 interview hours, and further evaluated through member checking. The top three barriers to healthy eating were: (1) not having enough time for healthy food preparation, (2) lack of knowledge about what is healthy eating and (3) viewing healthy eating as a matter of engaging in time limited dieting. These barriers were addressed with: (1) knowledge and awareness of healthy eating, (2) clear goal setting, (3) access to fresh vegetables and fruits and (4) better arrangements and more time for food preparation. The top five barriers to physical activity were: (1) not enough time and energy, (2) competing priorities, (3) lack of childcare, (4) lack of family-engaging exercise and (5) limited access to interesting exercise programming. These barriers were addressed by: (1) experiencing exercise as enjoyable and stress releasing, (2) commitments to walking exercise, (3) use of an electronic exercise-tracking device, (4) offspring exercise supported by spouse and family and (5) success stories about exercise from others.ConclusionsBarriers to healthy active living in South Asian women with young families can be addressed with facilitators that stimulate clear goal setting and healthy food preparation skills, and exercise formats that engage mothers and offspring, with or without exercise tracking.