bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shape Optimization of Flat Clinching Tools by Combining Finite Element Simulation and Response Surface Method
Authors: Zhang Huiyang , Chen Chao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Flat clinched joints are increasingly being investigated due to the flat bottom surface. In the current study, the shape of the flat clinching tools was optimized to improve the joint strength. Experimental tests of flat clinching were carried out using different forming loads to provide validation data for finite element simulations. Cross-tension tests were conducted under quasi-static conditions to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of the joint samples. Multiple finite element models based on the response surface method were developed to obtain the functional relationship between the four tool parameters and neck area, as well as the functional relationship between the four parameters and undercut area, respectively. The geometric effects of the flat clinching tools on the neck and undercut areas were analyzed. A genetic algorithm was used to obtain a solution set that maximized both the neck and undercut areas. The cross-tension strength of the joint produced according to the best-tested solution was 1526 N, which was 13.7% higher than that of the pre-optimized joint. The optimization method in this study could effectively improve the joint strength of the flat clinching process.
Machine Straightness Error Measurement Based on Optical Fiber Fabry–Pérot Interferometer Monitoring Technique
Authors: Fu Xingyu , Zhou Fengfeng , Yun Huitaek , Kim Eunseob , Chen Siying , Jun Martin Byung-Guk 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this research, we propose an Error Separation Technique (EST) based on optical fiber sensors for on-machine straightness error measurement. Two fiber optic Fabry–Pérot interferometers have been developed serving as two displacement sensors. The displacement distance is computed according to the reflected spectrum from interferometers, which can achieve a sub-micrometer resolution. The two-point method has been employed to separate the straightness error of the slides and the profile error of a fine-polished standard block. The spacing distance between two interferometers is determined by the diameter of optical fibers so that the EST's resolution has the potential to reach the sub-millimeter scale. In the experiment, the straightness error has been measured on a commercially available computer numerical control machine tool, and the measurement has been conducted on its x-axis. The spacing distance between two optical fiber sensors is 1.5 mm which equals the EST's resolution along the machine tool's x-axis. The separated profile error of the measured standard block is around 30 µm which has been verified by a high precision Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM). The magnitude of the separated straightness error is around 40 µm. This technique is flexible and simple to be conducted, which can contribute to the micro-machine tool calibration and other straightness error applications.
Error Management Bias in Student Design Teams
Authors: Fillingim Kenton B. , Shapiro Hannah , Fu Katherine K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This research examines how cognitive bias manifests in the design activities of graduate student design teams, with a particular focus on how to uncover evidence of these biases through survey-based data collection. After identifying bias in design teams, this work discusses those biases with consideration for the intent of error management, through the lens of adaptive rationality. Data were collected in one graduate-level design course across nine design teams over the course of a semester-long project. Results are shown for five different types of bias: bandwagon, availability, status quo, ownership, and hindsight biases. The conclusions drawn are based on trends and statistical correlations from survey data, as well as course deliverables. This work serves as a starting point for highlighting the most common forms of bias in design teams, with the goal of developing ways in which to mitigate those biases in future work.
Characterization and corroboration of safety signals identified from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, 2008-19: cross sectional study
Authors: Dhodapkar Meera M , Shi Xiaoting , Ramachandran Reshma , Chen Evan M , Wallach Joshua D , Ross Joseph S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objective
To characterize potential drug safety signals identified from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), from 2008 to 2019, to determine how often these signals resulted in regulatory action by the FDA and whether these actions were corroborated by published research findings or public assessments by the Sentinel Initiative.

Design
Cross sectional study.

Setting
USA.

Population
Safety signals identified from the FAERS and publicly reported by the FDA between 2008 and 2019; and review of the relevant literature published before and after safety signals were reported in 2014-15. Literature searches were performed in November 2019, Sentinel Initiative assessments were searched in December 2021, and data analysis was finalized in December 2021.

Main outcome measures
Safety signals and resulting regulatory actions; number and characteristics of published studies, including corroboration of regulatory action as evidenced by significant associations (or no associations) between the drug related to the signal and the adverse event.

Results
From 2008 to 2019, 603 potential safety signals identified from the FAERS were reported by the FDA (median 48 annually, interquartile range 41-61), of which 413 (68.5%) were resolved as of December 2021 (372 of 399 (93.2%) signals ≥3 years old were resolved). Among the resolved safety signals, 91 (22.0%) led to no regulatory action and 322 (78.0%) resulted in regulatory action, including 319 (77.2%) changes to drug labeling and 59 (14.3%) drug safety communications or other public communications from the FDA. For a subset of 82 potential safety signals reported in 2014-15, a literature search identified 1712 relevant publications; 1201 (70.2%) were case reports or case series. Among these 82 safety signals, 76 (92.7%) were resolved, of which relevant published research was identified for 57 (75.0%) signals and relevant Sentinel Initiative assessments for four (5.3%) signals. Regulatory actions by the FDA were corroborated by at least one relevant published research study for 17 of the 57 (29.8%) resolved safety signals; none of the relevant Sentinel Initiative assessments corroborated FDA regulatory action.

Conclusions
Most potential safety signals identified from the FAERS led to regulatory action by the FDA. Only a third of regulatory actions were corroborated by published research, however, and none by public assessments from the Sentinel Initiative. These findings suggest that either the FDA is taking regulatory actions based on evidence not made publicly available or more comprehensive safety evaluations might be needed when potential safety signals are identified.
Small airway function measured using forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity and its relationship to airflow limitation in symptomatic ever-smokers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alobaidi Nowaf Y , Almeshari Mohammed , Stockley James , Stockley Robert Andrew , Sapey Elizabeth 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is diagnosed and its severity graded by traditional spirometric parameters (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1, respectively) but these parameters are considered insensitive for identifying early pathology. Measures of small airway function, including forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75), may be more valuable in the earliest phases of COPD. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of low FEF25-75in ever-smokers with and without airflow limitation (AL) and to determine whether FEF25-75relates to AL severity.MethodA retrospective analysis of lung function data of 1458 ever-smokers suspected clinically of having COPD. Low FEF25-75was defined by z-score<−0.8345 and AL was defined by FEV1/FVC z-scores<−1.645. The severity of AL was evaluated using FEV1z-scores. Participants were placed into three groups: normal FEF25-75/ no AL (normal FEF25-75/AL−); low FEF25-75/ no AL (low FEF25-75/AL−) and low FEF25-75/ AL (low FEF25-75/AL+).ResultsLow FEF25-75was present in 99.9% of patients with AL, and 50% of those without AL. Patients in the low FEF25-75/AL− group had lower spirometric measures (including FEV1FEF25-75/FVC and FEV3/FVC) than those in the normal FEF25-75/AL− group. FEF25-75decreased with AL severity. A logistic regression model demonstrated that in the absence of AL, the presence of low FEF25-75was associated with lower FEV1and FEV1/FVC even when smoking history was accounted for.ConclusionsLow FEF25-75is a physiological trait in patients with conventional spirometric AL and likely reflects early evidence of impairment in the small airways when spirometry is within the ‘normal range’. FEF25-75likely identifies a group of patients with early evidence of pathological lung damage who warrant careful monitoring and reinforced early intervention to abrogate further lung injury.
Effects of turbine height and cut-in speed on bat and swallow fatalities at wind energy facilities
Authors: Anderson Alexandra M. , Jardine Catherine B. , Zimmerling J.R. , Baerwald Erin F. , Davy Christina M. 
Published: October 2022

Understanding the relationship between the height of wind turbines and wildlife fatalities is important for informing and mitigating wildlife collisions as ever taller and denser arrays of wind turbines are erected across the landscape. We examined relationships between turbine height and fatalities of bats and swallows at 811 turbines in Ontario, Canada, ranging from 119 to 186 m tall. We accounted for cut-in speeds, operational mitigation, and taller turbines projecting carcasses farther from the turbine base than shorter turbines. Fatalities of hoary bats ( Lasiurus cinereus Palisot de Beauvois, 1796), silver-haired bats ( Lasionycteris noctivagans Le Conte, 1831), and big brown bats ( Eptesicus fuscus Palisot de Beauvois, 1796) increased with increased maximum blade height of turbines. In contrast, fatalities of little brown bat ( Myotis lucifugus Le Conte, 1831) and eastern red bat ( Lasiurus borealis Müller, 1776) decreased with increased turbine height. Fatalities of purple martins ( Progne subis Linnaeus, 1758) and tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor Vieillot, 1808) were higher at taller turbines than shorter turbines. However, fatalities of cliff swallow ( Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Vieillot, 1817) and barn swallow ( Hirundo rustica Linnaeus, 1758) were not associated with turbine height. Our results suggest that varying flight height among species may be one factor affecting collision risk.
Survey of Approaches and Techniques for Security Verification of Computer Systems
Authors: Erata Ferhat , Deng Shuwen , Zaghloul Faisal , Xiong Wenjie , Demir Onur , Szefer Jakub 
Published: October 2022

This article surveys the landscape of security verification approaches and techniques for computer systems at various levels: from a software-application level all the way to the physical hardware level. Different existing projects are compared, based on the tools used and security aspects being examined. Since many systems require both hardware and software components to work together to provide the system’s promised security protections, it is not sufficient to verify just the software levels or just the hardware levels in a mutually exclusive fashion. This survey especially highlights system levels that are verified by the different existing projects and presents to the readers the state of the art in hardware and software system security verification. Few approaches come close to providing full-system verification, and there is still much room for improvement.
Ethylene Polymerization through Neutral Nickel Complexes Bearing Cyclic Imides
Authors: Arabi Hassan , Beheshti Maryam Sadat , Manteghi Amin 
Published: October 2022

The catalyst synthesis of salicylaldimine Ni(II) complexes with bulky imide moieties, ethylene polymerization, and characterization of synthesized polyethylenes are described in this paper. These Ni(II) complexes are designed to bear 2-aminobiphenyl and 4-tritylaniline. Results confirmed relatively high activity (up to

4
×

10

4

g PE mol Ni-1 h-1) of these catalysts in ethylene polymerization. Moreover, Ni(II) complexes demonstrated enhanced thermal stability, maintaining activity level up to 80°C. The generated polyethylenes possess moderate branching density and high melting temperatures. Less bulky 2-aminobiphenyl group resulted in higher branch content, while in Ni(II) complexes bearing 4-tritylaniline, more linear structure was observed. These semicrystalline polyethylenes showed mechanical properties similar to thermoplastics.
Expanding the Prostate Cancer Cell Line Repertoire with ACRJ-PC28, an AR-negative Neuroendocrine Cell Line Derived From an African-Caribbean Patient
Authors: Valentine Henkel , Aiken William , Morrison Belinda , Zhao Ziran , Fowle Holly , Wasserman Jason S. , Thompson Elon , Chin Warren , Young Mark , Clarke Shannique , Gibbs Denise , Harrison Sharon , McLaughlin Wayne , Kwok Tim , Jin Fang , Campbell Kerry S. , Horvath Anelia , Thompson Rory , Lee Norman H. , Zhou Yan , Graña Xavier , Ragin Camille , Badal Simone 
Published: October 2022

Prostate cancer cell lines from diverse backgrounds are important to addressing disparities in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates among Black men. ACRJ-PC28 was developed from a transrectal needle biopsy and established via inactivation of the CDKN2A locus and simultaneous expression of human telomerase. Characterization assays included growth curve analysis, immunoblots, IHC, three-dimensional cultures, immunofluorescence imaging, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). ACRJ-PC28 has been passaged more than 40 times in vitro over 10 months with a doubling time of 45 hours. Short tandem repeat profiling confirmed the novelty and human origin of the cell line. RNA-seq confirmed the expression of prostate specific genes alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) and NKX3.1 and neuroendocrine specific markers synaptophysin and enolase 2 (ENO2) and IHC confirmed the presence of AMACR. Immunoblots indicated the cell line is of basal-luminal type; expresses p53 and pRB and is androgen receptor (AR) negative. WGS confirmed the absence of exonic mutations and the presence of intronic variants that appear to not affect function of AR, p53, and pRB. RNA-seq data revealed numerous TP53 and RB1 mRNA splice variants and the lack of AR mRNA expression. This is consistent with retention of p53 function in response to DNA damage and pRB function in response to contact inhibition. Soft agar anchorage-independent analysis indicated that the cells are transformed, confirmed by principal component analysis where ACRJ-PC28 cells cluster alongside other prostate cancer tumor tissues, yet was distinct. The novel methodology described should advance prostate cell line development, addressing the disparity in prostate cancer among Black men.Significance:Cell line development continues to attract less than 10% success rate. More than 98% of prostate cancer cell lines are from White men. This may contribute to the poorer response by Black men with prostate cancer to therapy compared with White men with prostate cancer, increasing overall survivorship among White men. The methodology described here to develop ACRJ-PC28, should advance the presence of Black prostate cancer cell lines thereby addressing prostate cancer disparity.
Expertise, Social Influence, and Knowledge Aggregation in Distributed Information Processing
Authors: Mertzani Asimina , Pitt Jeremy , Nowak Andrzej , Michalak Tomasz 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In many social, cyber-physical, and socio-technical systems, a group of autonomous peers can encounter a knowledge aggregation problem, requiring them to organise themselves, without a centralised authority, as a distributed information processing unit (DIP). In this article, we specify and implement a new algorithm for knowledge aggregation based on Nowak’s psychological theory Regulatory Theory of Social Influence (RTSI). This theory posits that social influence consists of not only sources trying to influence targets, but also targets seeking sources by whom to be influenced and learning what processing rules those sources are using. A multi-agent simulator SMARTSIS is implemented to evaluate the algorithm, using as its base scenario a linear public goods game where the DIP’s decision is a qualitative question of distributive justice. In a series of experiments examining the emergence of expertise, we show how RTSI enhances the effectiveness of the multi-agent DIP as a social group while conserving each agent’s individual resources. Additionally, we identify eight criteria for evaluating the DIP unit’s performance, consisting of four conflicting pairs of systemic drivers, and discuss how RTSI maintains a balanced tension between the four driver pairs through the emergence and divergence of expertise. We conclude by arguing that this shows how psychological theories like RTSI can have a crucial role in informing agent-based models of human behaviour, which in turn may be critically important for effective knowledge management and reflective self-improvement in both cyber-physical and socio-technical systems.
Nicholas of Cusa and the Ottoman Threat to Christendom
Authors: Izbicki Thomas , Ron Nathan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nicholas of Cusa (1401–1464) had a long-time interest in the possibility of dialog with muslims. When the Ottomans captured Constantinople in 1453, he authored a vision of religious peace in De pace fidei. By the time Pope Pius II called for a crusade against the Turks, Nicholas provided him with a critique of the Qurʾān. The changed viewpoint combined polemic with an effort to find Christian truths in the Islamic sacred text. This article traces the changes in Cusanus’s thought on Islam and the crusade through an examination of his sermons and other texts not ordinarily read in this context. These texts reveal a gradual move away from dialog and toward support of the crusade.
Cyril of Alexandria’s Critique of “Jewish” Parental Sin
Authors: Weiss Dov 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Original sin was one of the contentious issues that stood at the heart of the Catholic- Pelagian debate in the early 400’s. In recent years, patristic scholars have sought to uncover Cyril of Alexandria’s (376–444 CE) position on this central Catholic teaching. This essay proposes that scholars have overlooked an important indicator of Cyril’s view on this matter, that is, his multi-paged critique of the theological doctrine of parental sin that appears in his Commentary to the Gospel of John (9:1–3). I will argue that just as the debate over parental sin played an explicit and central role in the Augustinian-Pelagian debates on original sin, so too the debate over parental sin could shed some light on Cyril’s attitude toward original sin.
The Nubian “King” in Constantinople (1203): Interactions between Nubia and the Mediterranean
Authors: Simmons Adam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The visit of the Nubian “king” to Constantinople in 1203 during the Fourth Crusade was a unique episode in the history of crusading and survives in only one account, that of the French knight Robert de Clari. No other Crusade witnessed a similar encounter with a Nubian royal, yet the “king’s” appeareance is not described by any other Latin European, or even alluded to in contemporary Byzantine documents either. Despite this apparent ignorance in the sources, the “king” and his companions were seemingly the product of centuries of interactions between Christian Nubia and the Mediterranean which had developed over 600 years and remained intact despite the disturbances of the Arab conquests and the Crusades, as well as recently formed connections. This article seeks to situate the visit within these interactions to better understand how and why this encounter occured.
Understanding Predictability of Daily Southeast U.S. Precipitation Using Explainable Machine Learning
Authors: Pegion Kathy , Becker Emily J. , Kirtman Ben P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We investigate the predictability of the sign of daily southeastern U.S. (SEUS) precipitation anomalies associated with simultaneous predictors of large-scale climate variability using machine learning models. Models using index-based climate predictors and gridded fields of large-scale circulation as predictors are utilized. Logistic regression (LR) and fully connected neural networks using indices of climate phenomena as predictors produce neither accurate nor reliable predictions, indicating that the indices themselves are not good predictors. Using gridded fields as predictors, an LR and convolutional neural network (CNN) are more accurate than the index-based models. However, only the CNN can produce reliable predictions that can be used to identify forecasts of opportunity. Using explainable machine learning we identify which variables and grid points of the input fields are most relevant for confident and correct predictions in the CNN. Our results show that the local circulation is most important as represented by maximum relevance of 850-hPa geopotential heights and zonal winds to making skillful, high-probability predictions. Corresponding composite anomalies identify connections with El Niño–Southern Oscillation during winter and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and North Atlantic subtropical high during summer.
Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Variations in Sinonasal Anatomy
Authors: Kulich Marta , Long Ryan , Reyes Orozco Francis , Yi Ashley Hyunjung , Hao Audrey , Han Jane S. , Hur Kevin 
Published: October 2022

Background: Complications during endoscopic sinus surgery often result from unfavorable anatomy. The prevalence rates of such anatomic findings vary tremendously in the literature, in part due to the small, homogenous populations previously studied. Objective: To characterize the prevalence of sinonasal anatomic variants among ethnic groups and genders seen at an academic medical center. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of adult subjects who underwent CT imaging of the sinuses from January 2019 to November 2020 at a tertiary academic setting. CT scans were analyzed systematically by 3 trained study personnel for the presence of critical sinus anatomic variants that endoscopic sinus surgeons typically evaluate for preoperatively. Chi-squared tests and analyses of variance were conducted to detect differences in the prevalence of structural findings between genders and races/ethnicities. Results: A total of 489 subjects (57% female) were included: 44 Asian, 14 Black/African American, 101 Hispanic/Latino, 203 White, 127 Other. The prevalence of the following anatomical variants differed by race/ethnicity: Haller cells, Type 3 optic nerve, Onodi cells, maxillary septations, sphenoid lateral recess, anterior clinoid process pneumatization, and carotid artery dehiscence. Asian subjects had higher rates of Haller cells (48% vs 16%, P < .001) and Type 3 optic nerve (18% vs 4%, P = .022) compared to Hispanic subjects, as well as a higher prevalence of Onodi cells (39% vs 17%, P = .003) compared to White subjects. Males had a higher prevalence of mesenteric anterior ethmoid arteries (62% vs 45%, P < .001) and dehiscent carotid arteries (30% vs 21%, P = .024). Conclusion: Certain sinonasal anatomic variants, which have direct implications for complications during endoscopic sinus surgery, were found to be significantly more prevalent in some demographic groups. Surgeons should be aware of these differences in their review of preoperative imaging for safe surgical planning.