bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambient air pollution, healthy diet and vegetable intakes, and mortality: a prospective UK Biobank study
Authors: Wang Mengying , Zhou Tao , Song Qiying , Ma Hao , Hu Yonghua , Heianza Yoriko , Qi Lu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Recent studies suggest potential interactions of air pollutants with dietary factors and genetic susceptibility on mortality risk; however, evidence from prospective studies is still lacking. We aimed to assess the association between air pollution and mortality, and investigate the modification effects of a healthy diet and genetic susceptibility.

Methods
A total of 386 937 participants were enrolled from 2006 to 2010 and followed up to 2018 in the UK Biobank study. The annual average air pollutant concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with diameters ≤2.5 (PM2.5), ≤10 (PM10) and between 2.5 and 10 µm (PM2.5–10) and nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx) were calculated and linked to participants’ residential addresses. Healthy dietary patterns were evaluated by a healthy diet score (HDS) based on intakes of vegetables, fruit, fish, unprocessed red meat and processed meat. We also calculated genetic risk score (GRS) of the lifespan. We examined potential interactions by setting variable cross-product terms of air pollutants with diets or GRS in the models.

Results
We identified 11 881 deaths [2426 from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 1211 from coronary heart disease (CHD) and 466 from stroke] during a median follow-up of 8.9 years. We found that PM2.5 [hazard ratio (HR), 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05–1.55], PM10 (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04–1.34), NO2 (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08), and NOx (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.03) were associated with all-cause mortality. PM2.5 was also associated with increased risks of CVD mortality (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.10–2.56) and CHD mortality (HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.16–3.75). In addition, we found that adherence to healthy dietary patterns modified associations of PM2.5, NO2 and NOx with all-cause mortality (P-interaction = 0.006, 0.006 and 0.02, respectively). Among the individual dietary components, vegetable intakes showed interactions with PM2.5, NO2 and NOx (P-interaction = 0.007, 0.004 and 0.02, respectively). The associations between air pollutants and increased risks of all-cause mortality were attenuated among participants with higher vegetable intakes. We did not observe interactions between air pollutants and HDS on CVD, CHD or stroke mortality (P-interaction &gt; 0.05). Besides, we did not find interactions between air pollutants and genetic risk for lifespan on mortality risk.

Conclusion
This study provides evidence linking long-term exposure to various air pollutants to the risk of all-cause, CVD and CHD mortality, and the potential attenuation of a healthy diet, especially high vegetable intakes, on such relations. Our findings highlight the importance of adherence to a healthy diet in lowering ambient air-pollution-related mortality risk.
Interventions developed to reduce secondary care utilisation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review
Authors: Khayyat Sarah M , Walters Philippa A , Whittlesea Cate , Nazar Hamde 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo identify, describe and critically appraise the quality of studies of interventions developed to reduce the rate of secondary care utilisation and investigate interventions’ impact on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodUsing a systematic approach, five databases were searched between 01 January 1995 and 01 February 2021 (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane database). Inclusion criteria were studies (published in English) in adults with T2DM offered intervention(s) involving medicines/services/educational programmes in any country or setting, with investigated outcomes including the rate of hospital admission/re-admission/accident and emergency visits. Validated tools were used to assess the quality and accuracy of reporting the interventions. A narrative synthesis was used to frame the findings.Key findingsA total of 4670 papers were identified, which yielded a final 53 studies after screening against the inclusion criteria. Identified interventions were complex interventions (n = 21) including at least two interventions (e.g. improving medication adherence and patient education), medication management (n = 15), patient education programmes (n = 8), lifestyle interventions (n = 5) and other interventions (n = 4; e.g. dental care). After assessing for quality and effectiveness of interventions, 15 studies remained; 7 were medication management interventions (e.g. use of insulin pen) and 8 were complex interventions (e.g. pharmaceutical care and telehealth systems). Complex interventions showed significant improvement in clinical outcomes and reduction in secondary care utilisation.ConclusionsThis narrative review identified potential elements of an effective complex intervention to reduce healthcare utilisation in patients with T2DM. These results could inform the development of interventions to be tested for feasibility, before piloting to assess for outcomes that improve diabetic care, reduce diabetes-related complications and minimise healthcare utilisation.
Advances in understanding the mechanisms of repairing damaged nuclear envelop
Authors: Kamikawa Yasunao , Imaizumi Kazunori 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) separates genomic DNA from the cytoplasm in eukaryotes. The structure of the NE is dynamically altered not only in mitotic disassembly and reassembly but also during interphase. Recent studies have shown that the NE is frequently damaged by various cellular stresses that degenerate NE components and/or disrupt their functional interactions. These stresses are referred to as ‘NE stress’. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that NE stress potentially causes severe cellular dysfunctions, such as cell death and genome instability. In this review, the concept of NE stress, the processes repairing damage of the NE caused by NE stress, and the molecular mechanisms by which NE stress contributes to disease pathogenesis are introduced.
Distribution patterns of South American mustelids (Carnivora: Mustelidae)
Authors: Schiaffini Mauro Ignacio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractClimate has long been recognized as one of the main determinants of the geographical distribution of species. Variations associated with primary productivity in temperature, rainfall, and photoperiod can affect survival and reproduction, affecting the peripheries of geographical distributions. The importance of graphical visualization of these distributions lies in conservation, management, and environmental research. With respect to the South American species of mustelids, 37% are threatened according to the IUCN Red List, and the limits of distributions and their determinants are poorly known for the majority of species. Here, complete and updated databases and maps of geographical and temporal distribution are presented for the 12 species of mustelids inhabiting South America. Museum specimens and recorded localities were gathered based on an online search. Geographic limits of distributions were assessed, as were environmental values for all localities. Comparison with IUCN maps was undertaken to determine the need for updating. Finally, sympatry and syntopy among species analyzed were examined using Geographic Information Systems. The most complete and updated database of geographic distributions of South American mustelids to date was assembled for all species, encompassing 9,826 localities. New areas with recorded localities not present in IUCN maps were documented in many species, indicating the need to update current maps for conservation efforts. Areas of sympatry and syntopy were found among many species, indicating that patterns of coexistence between them are not well known. This study will serve as a framework for ensuing efforts in species distribution modeling, conservation decisions, and field studies, among others.
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma presenting as chronic bleeding from the stomach: a rare case report
Authors: Tapasak Brandon , Mcguirt Aron 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) most commonly metastasizes to the lung, adrenals, brain and pancreas, but metastasis to the stomach is uncommon. We present a 77-year-old male who underwent left nephrectomy 9 years previously for RCC with known metastatic disease to the lungs, diaphragm and stomach, and required multiple transfusions for acute blood loss anemia. A previous esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a large, friable, ulcerated mass at the gastric cardia. Biopsies of the mass demonstrated clear-cell carcinoma compatible with metastatic RCC. After multiple attempts at endoscopic, procedures and embolization were unsuccessful at controlling bleeding, the patient was treated with palliative total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. At discharge, the patient had been hemodynamically stable and tolerating a liquid diet. This case report highlights the presenting symptomology of RCC, explores the rarity of gastric metastases, and reviews current literature on management strategies for these patients.
Spectrums of in/formality and il/legality: Negotiating business and migration-related statuses in arrival spaces
Authors: Biehl Kristen Sarah 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Across global cities of the world, urban spaces of arrival tend to be characterized by a multiplicity of informal practices, and therefore also marginality, being most prevalent in relation to local economic practices, and increasingly more the legal status of foreigner migrants residing in such spaces. This article aims to understand these dynamics in arrival spaces at the margins by exploring both domains in a unique manner. Over recent decades, urban and migration studies have separately given rise to new research that is critical of the pervasive binary views around formal versus informal economies and legal versus illegal migrations. Drawing on this literature, and ethnographic fieldwork carried out in an Istanbul locality that has served as a zone of arrival for varying migration flows over several decades, this article examines how both business proprietors and migrants working and/or residing in the locality actively and continuously re-negotiate their positions within spectrums of in/formality and il/legality. It shows that arrival spaces at the margins are places of intense calculation and that the chosen direction along these spectrums depends on an evaluation of all kinds of social, political, spatial, and temporal factors transpiring at a particular moment and place. In focusing on this processual nature of in/formalities and il/legalities, the article also suggests reconsidering various other dualities, including margins versus center, exclusion versus inclusion, and arrival versus settlement, and argues that the intensity of having to manage one’s experiences of these dualities is what really distinguishes inhabiting arrival spaces at the margins in today’s global cities.
Cosmicflows-4: the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation providing ∼10 000 distances
Authors: Kourkchi Ehsan , Tully R Brent , Courtois Hélène M , Dupuy Alexandra , Guinet Daniel 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The interstellar gas in spiral galaxies can constitute a significant fraction of the baryon mass and it has been demonstrated that the sum of stellar and gas components correlates well with the kinematic signature of the total mass content, the widths of H i line profiles. The correlation of baryonic mass with H i linewidths is used here to obtain distances for 9984 galaxies extending to ∼0.05c. The sample is H i flux limited and a correction is required to account for an H i selection bias. The absolute scale is established by 64 galaxies with known distances from studies of Cepheid variables and/or the magnitudes of stars at the tip of the red giant branch. The calibration of the baryonic relationship results in a determination of the Hubble constant of H0 = 75.5 ± 2.5 km s−1 Mpc−1. The error estimate is statistical. This material will be combined with contributions from other methodologies in a subsequent paper where systematic uncertainties will be investigated.
Strong-lensing source reconstruction with variationally optimized Gaussian processes
Authors: Karchev Konstantin , Coogan Adam , Weniger Christoph 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Strong-lensing images provide a wealth of information both about the magnified source and about the dark matter distribution in the lens. Precision analyses of these images can be used to constrain the nature of dark matter. However, this requires high-fidelity image reconstructions and careful treatment of the uncertainties of both lens mass distribution and source light, which are typically difficult to quantify. In anticipation of future high-resolution data sets, in this work we leverage a range of recent developments in machine learning to develop a new Bayesian strong-lensing image analysis pipeline. Its highlights are (a) a fast, GPU-enabled, end-to-end differentiable strong-lensing image simulator; (b) a new, statistically principled source model based on a computationally highly efficient approximation to Gaussian processes that also takes into account pixellation; and (c) a scalable variational inference framework that enables simultaneously deriving posteriors for tens of thousands of lens and source parameters and optimizing hyperparameters via stochastic gradient descent. Besides efficient and accurate parameter estimation and lens model uncertainty quantification, the main aim of the pipeline is the generation of training data for targeted simulation-based inference of dark matter substructure, which we will exploit in a companion paper.
AstroSat observation of X-ray dips and state transition in the black hole candidate MAXI J1803–298
Authors: Jana Arghajit , Naik Sachindra , Jaisawal Gaurava K , Chhotaray Birendra , Kumari Neeraj , Gupta Shivangi 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
We present the results obtained from broad-band X-ray timing and spectral analysis of black hole (BH) candidate MAXI J1803–298 using an AstroSat observation on 2021 May 11–12. Four periodic absorption dips with a periodicity of 7.02 ± 0.18 h are detected in the light curve. AstroSat observe the source when it was undergoing a transition from hard-intermediate state to soft-intermediate state. Our timing analysis reveals the presence of a sharp Type-C quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in the power-density spectra (PDS) with an evolving QPO frequency ranging from 5.31 ± 0.02 to 7.61 ± 0.09 Hz. We investigate the energy dependence of the QPO and do not find this feature in the PDS above 30 keV. The combined 0.7–80 keV SXT and LAXPC spectra are fitted with a model consisting of thermal multi-colour blackbody emission and Comptonized emission components. We perform time-resolved spectroscopy by extracting spectra during the dip and non-dip phases of the observation. A neutral absorber is detected during the dip and non-dip phases though a signature of an ionized absorber is also present in the dip phases. The spectral and temporal parameters are found to evolve during our observation. We estimate the mass function of the system as f(M) = 2.1–7.2 M⊙ and the mass of the BH candidate in the range of MBH ∼ 3.5–12.5 M⊙.
Modelling the gamma-ray morphology of HESSJ1804−216 from two supernova remnants in a hadronic scenario
Authors: Feijen K , Einecke S , Rowell G , Braiding C , Burton M G , Wong G F 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
HESS J1804−216 is one of the brightest yet most mysterious TeV γ-ray sources discovered to date. Previous arc-minute scale studies of the interstellar medium (ISM) surrounding this TeV γ-ray source revealed  HESS J1804−216 is likely powered by a mature supernova remnant (SNR) or pulsar, hence its origin remains uncertain. In this paper, we focus on the diffusive escape of cosmic ray protons from potential SNR accelerators. These cosmic rays interact with the ISM to produce TeV γ-rays. We utilize the isotropic diffusion equation solution for particles escaping from a shell, to model the energy-dependent escape and propagation of protons into the ISM. This work is the first attempt at modelling the spatial morphology of γ-rays towards  HESS J1804−216, using arc-minute ISM observations from both Mopra and the Southern Galactic Plane Survey. The spectral and spatial distributions of γ-rays for the two nearby potential SNR counterparts, SNR G8.7−0.1 and the progenitor SNR of PSR J1803−2137, are presented here. We vary the diffusion parameters and particle spectrum and use a grid search approach to find the best combination of model parameters. We conclude that moderately slow diffusion is required for both candidates. The most promising candidate to be powering the TeV  γ-rays from HESS J1804−216 in a hadronic scenario is the progenitor SNR of PSR J1803−2137.
Simulations of 60Fe entrained in ejecta from a near-Earth supernova: effects of observer motion
Authors: Chaikin Evgenii , Kaurov Alexander A , Fields Brian D , Correa Camila A 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Recent studies have shown that live (not decayed) radioactive 60Fe is present in deep-ocean samples, Antarctic snow, lunar regolith, and cosmic rays. 60Fe represents supernova (SN) ejecta deposited in the Solar system around $3 \, \rm Myr$ ago, and recently an earlier pulse ${\approx}7 \ \rm Myr$ ago has been found. These data point to one or multiple near-Earth SN explosions that presumably participated in the formation of the Local Bubble. We explore this theory using 3D high-resolution smooth-particle hydrodynamical simulations of isolated SNe with ejecta tracers in a uniform interstellar medium (ISM). The simulation allows us to trace the SN ejecta in gas form and those eject in dust grains that are entrained with the gas. We consider two cases of diffused ejecta: when the ejecta are well-mixed in the shock and when they are not. In the latter case, we find that these ejecta remain far behind the forward shock, limiting the distance to which entrained ejecta can be delivered to ≈100 pc in an ISM with $n_\mathrm{H}=0.1\,\, \rm cm^{-3}$ mean hydrogen density. We show that the intensity and the duration of 60Fe accretion depend on the ISM density and the trajectory of the Solar system. Furthermore, we show the possibility of reproducing the two observed peaks in 60Fe concentration with this model by assuming two linear trajectories for the Solar system with 30-km s−1 velocity. The fact that we can reproduce the two observed peaks further supports the theory that the 60Fe signal was originated from near-Earth SNe.
Comparison of genome architecture at two stages of male germline cell differentiation inDrosophila
Authors: Ilyin Artem A , Kononkova Anna D , Golova Anastasia V , Shloma Viktor V , Olenkina Oxana M , Nenasheva Valentina V , Abramov Yuri A , Kotov Alexei A , Maksimov Daniil A , Laktionov Petr P , Pindyurin Alexey V , Galitsyna Aleksandra A , Ulianov Sergey V , Khrameeva Ekaterina E , Gelfand Mikhail S , Belyakin Stepan N , Razin Sergey V , Shevelyov Yuri Y 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEukaryotic chromosomes are spatially segregated into topologically associating domains (TADs). Some TADs are attached to the nuclear lamina (NL) through lamina-associated domains (LADs). Here, we identified LADs and TADs at two stages of Drosophila spermatogenesis – in bamΔ86 mutant testes which is the commonly used model of spermatogonia (SpG) and in larval testes mainly filled with spermatocytes (SpCs). We found that initiation of SpC-specific transcription correlates with promoters’ detachment from the NL and with local spatial insulation of adjacent regions. However, this insulation does not result in the partitioning of inactive TADs into sub-TADs. We also revealed an increased contact frequency between SpC-specific genes in SpCs implying their de novo gathering into transcription factories. In addition, we uncovered the specific X chromosome organization in the male germline. In SpG and SpCs, a single X chromosome is stronger associated with the NL than autosomes. Nevertheless, active chromatin regions in the X chromosome interact with each other more frequently than in autosomes. Moreover, despite the absence of dosage compensation complex in the male germline, randomly inserted SpG-specific reporter is expressed higher in the X chromosome than in autosomes, thus evidencing that non-canonical dosage compensation operates in SpG.
Mass spectrometry-based technologies for probing the 3D world of plant proteins
Authors: Blackburn Matthew R , Minkoff Benjamin B , Sussman Michael R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Over the past two decades, mass spectrometric (MS)-based proteomics technologies have facilitated the study of signaling pathways throughout biology. Nowhere is this needed more than in plants, where an evolutionary history of genome duplications has resulted in large gene families involved in posttranslational modifications and regulatory pathways. For example, at least 5% of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome (ca. 1,200 genes) encodes protein kinases and protein phosphatases that regulate nearly all aspects of plant growth and development. MS-based technologies that quantify covalent changes in the side-chain of amino acids are critically important, but they only address one piece of the puzzle. A more crucially important mechanistic question is how noncovalent interactions—which are more difficult to study—dynamically regulate the proteome’s 3D structure. The advent of improvements in protein 3D technologies such as cryo-electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray crystallography has allowed considerable progress to be made at this level, but these methods are typically limited to analyzing proteins, which can be expressed and purified in milligram quantities. Newly emerging MS-based technologies have recently been developed for studying the 3D structure of proteins. Importantly, these methods do not require protein samples to be purified and require smaller amounts of sample, opening the wider proteome for structural analysis in complex mixtures, crude lysates, and even in intact cells. These MS-based methods include covalent labeling, crosslinking, thermal proteome profiling, and limited proteolysis, all of which can be leveraged by established MS workflows, as well as newly emerging methods capable of analyzing intact macromolecules and the complexes they form. In this review, we discuss these recent innovations in MS-based “structural” proteomics to provide readers with an understanding of the opportunities they offer and the remaining challenges for understanding the molecular underpinnings of plant structure and function.