bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meteorologically‐Informed Spatial Planning of European PV Deployment to Reduce Multiday Generation Variability
Authors: Mühlemann Dirk , Folini Doris , Pfenninger Stefan , Wild Martin , Wohland Jan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRenewable generation variability over multiple days is a key challenge in decarbonizing the European power system. Weather regimes are one way to quantify this variability, but so far, their applications to energy research have focused on wind power generation in winter. However, the projected growth of solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity implies that its absolute variability across the continent will grow substantially. Here we combine weather regimes based on ERA5 reanalysis data with country‐specific capacity factors to investigate multiday PV generation variability in Europe. With current installed capacity (131 GW), total PV production in Europe (52.3 GW) varies by 0.9 GW on average, with a maximum change of 3.0 GW, upon transition from one weather regime to another. Using projected PV capacity for 2050 (1.94 TW), variability would rise to 13.9 and 43.8 GW. We present optimized spatial distributions of capacity additions in three scenarios that substantially reduce variability by up to 40%. One of them ascertains a large local PV production, thereby minimizing the need for long‐range power transmission while still reducing variability by about 30%, highlighting that optimized siting and local generation can be reconciled. Our results emphasize the value of leveraging climate information in decarbonizing power systems.
Bipolar Electric Field Pulses in the Martian Magnetosheath and Solar Wind; Their Implication and Impact Accessed by System Scale Size
Authors: Thaller Scott A. , Andersson Laila , Schwartz Steven J. , Mazelle Christian , Fowler Chris , Goodrich Katherine , Newman David , Halekas Jasper , Pilinski Marcin D. , Pollard Matthew 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe scale size of the plasma boundary region between the sheath and ionosphere in the Martian system is often similar to the gyro‐radii of sheath protons, ∼200 km. As a result, ion energization via kinetic structures may play an important role in modifying the ion trajectories and thus be important when evaluating the large‐scale dynamics of the Martian system. In this paper, we report observations made with the MAVEN Langmuir Probe and Waves instrument of solitary bipolar electric field structures, and assess their potential role in ion energization in the Martian system. The observed structures appear as short duration (∼0.5 ms) bipolar electric field pulses of ∼1–25 mV/m, and are frequently observed in the upstream solar wind and inside the sheath. The study presented in this paper suggests that the bipolar electric field structures observed at Mars have an average electrostatic potential drop of ∼0.07 V. The estimated upper rate at which these structures could further energize the protons is estimated, assuming the protons gain the full 0.07 eV, to be ∼0.13 eV per gyration, or a change in proton energy of ∼0.3%, and a corresponding change in the gyroradius of ∼0.3 km. These numbers imply that to first order the bipolar structures are not a significant source of ion energization in the Martian magnetosheath.
Back‐Projection Imaging of a Tsunami Excitation Area With Ocean‐Bottom Pressure Gauge Array Data
Authors: Mizutani Ayumu , Yomogida Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA back‐projection method has been applied to many earthquakes in seismology due to its simple and low computational cost, and it can estimate complex fault rupture processes without any specific a priori information. In this study, we applied the back‐projection method to the tsunami records observed using an ocean‐bottom pressure gauge array and demonstrated it to be a powerful new tool other than the familiar waveform inversion. The obtained back‐projection image was consistent with the initial tsunami height distributions estimated by previous waveform inversions, and its spatial resolution appeared to be even better. Our result suggests that the fault size of the 2016 Off‐Fukushima earthquake was about half, different from the scaling law of standard earthquakes. The present tsunami back‐projection analysis can also estimate the feature of early tsunami propagations. In addition, the estimated image seems to be reliable even 30 min after the origin time, so the back‐projection analysis will be useful in an early detection of the location and spatial extent of a tsunami source. In the present case, the number of available stations in the analysis was found to be affected by the diffraction of tsunami propagation caused by the refraction by a high velocity zone near the Japan Trench. In other words, the further the source is from the coast, the more stations to be analyzed are available. Since most tsunami‐generating earthquakes occur near the subduction axis or its outer‐rise region, the back‐projection analysis should be effective for source estimation of the majority of tsunami‐generating earthquakes.
Dating Low‐Grade Deformation: Role of Lithology and Strain Partitioning on Ar Isotope Records in the Alpi Apuane of Northern Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Di Vincenzo Gianfranco , Godard Gaston , Molli Giancarlo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Alpi Apuane (northern Apennines) represent a key area for understanding the processes related to the Apennines building and geodynamic evolution of the central Mediterranean, but the timing of tectono‐metamorphic events is still debated. White mica from cover rocks of the Massa and Apuane units was investigated by the40Ar‐39Ar in situ and step‐heating techniques. Samples recorded several episodes of deformation developed under low‐grade conditions and resulting in a D1 composite schistosity followed by a variably developed D2 retrograde crenulation. In the Massa Unit, D2 crenulation was accompanied by replacement of muscovite‐phengite by paragonite, whereas the composition of phengite from the Apuane Unit does not vary noticeably, irrespective of whether phengite is aligned along D1 or D2 schistosities. Both units exhibit a significant intrasample scatter of in situ ages and variably discordant age spectra from step‐heating data, due to partial reequilibration of white mica along a deformation path lasting ≥10 Ma, with dates approaching the time of younger events as retrogression becomes more pervasive. The onset of deformation has a minimum age of ∼20 Ma, as documented by40Ar‐39Ar data for the composite D1 foliation in the Massa Unit. D2 deformation shows a common temporal evolution at the scale of the region and is recorded for at least ∼2.5 Ma, starting not after ∼12.5 Ma and ending at ∼10.5 Ma. Results highlight the importance of a detailed microscale characterization and of a careful preselection of samples, as compositionally different domains a few millimeters apart may yield different results because of compositionally driven strain partitioning.
Widely accessible method for 3D microflow mapping at high spatial and temporal resolutions
Authors: Lammertse Evan , Koditala Nikhil , Sauzade Martin , Li Hongxiao , Li Qiang , Anis Luc , Kong Jun , Brouzes Eric 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAdvances in microfluidic technologies rely on engineered 3D flow patterns to manipulate samples at the microscale. However, current methods for mapping flows only provide limited 3D and temporal resolutions or require highly specialized optical set-ups. Here, we present a simple defocusing approach based on brightfield microscopy and open-source software to map micro-flows in 3D at high spatial and temporal resolution. Our workflow is both integrated in ImageJ and modular. We track seed particles in 2D before classifying their Z-position using a reference library. We compare the performance of a traditional cross-correlation method and a deep learning model in performing the classification step. We validate our method on three highly relevant microfluidic examples: a channel step expansion and displacement structures as single-phase flow examples, and droplet microfluidics as a two-phase flow example. First, we elucidate how displacement structures efficiently shift large particles across streamlines. Second, we reveal novel recirculation structures and folding patterns in the internal flow of microfluidic droplets. Our simple and widely accessible brightfield technique generates high-resolution flow maps and it will address the increasing demand for controlling fluids at the microscale by supporting the efficient design of novel microfluidic structures.
The kinase activity of integrin-linked kinase regulates cellular senescence in gastric cancer
Authors: Ji Chengbo , Zhang Mili , Hu Junjie , Cao Can , Gu Qisheng , Liu Youdong , Li Xu , Xu Duogang , Ying Le , Yang Yuqin , Gao Hugh , Li Jikun , Yu Liang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe activity of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in cancerous cells is often oncogenic and associated with malignant properties, such as uncontrolled cell cycle progression and evasion from senescence. However, the role of ILK in cellular senescence in gastric cancer (GC) has not been previously examined. We generated single-cell clones of ILK knock-out using CRISPR-Cas9 in human GC lines with mesenchymal or epithelial histology. Cells with no residual ILK expression exhibited strong cellular senescence with diminished clathrin-mediated endocytosis, Surprisingly, ILK loss-induced cellular senescence appeared to be independent of its function in integrin signaling. The low dose of CPD22, a small molecule inhibitor of ILK activity-induced senescence in three GC cell lines with different histologies. Furthermore, senescent cells with ILK depletion transfected with N-terminal truncated ILK mutant remaining catalytic domains displayed the reduction of senescent phenotypes. RNA sequencing and cytokine array results revealed the enrichment of multiple pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in GC lines in the absence of ILK. Our study identified the important role and the potential mechanism of ILK in the cellular senescence of cancerous epithelial cells. The inhibition of ILK activity using small molecule compounds could have a pro-senescent effect as a therapeutic option for GC.
Association of mitochondrial DNA content, heteroplasmies and inter-generational transmission with autism
Authors: Wang Yiqin , Guo Xiaoxian , Hong Xiumei , Wang Guoying , Pearson Colleen , Zuckerman Barry , Clark Andrew G. , O’Brien Kimberly O. , Wang Xiaobin , Gu Zhenglong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMitochondria are essential for brain development. While previous studies linked dysfunctional mitochondria with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the role of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) in ASD risk is largely unexplored. This study investigates the association of mtDNA heteroplasmies (co-existence of mutated and unmutated mtDNA) and content with ASD, as well as its inter-generational transmission and sex differences among two independent samples: a family-based study (n = 1,938 families with parents, probands and sibling controls) and a prospective birth cohort (n = 997 mother-child pairs). In both samples, predicted pathogenic (PP) heteroplasmies in children are associated with ASD risk (Meta-OR = 1.56, P = 0.00068). Inter-generational transmission of mtDNA reveals attenuated effects of purifying selection on maternal heteroplasmies in children with ASD relative to controls, particularly among males. Among children with ASD and PP heteroplasmies, increased mtDNA content shows benefits for cognition, communication, and behaviors (P ≤ 0.02). These results underscore the value of exploring maternal and newborn mtDNA in ASD.
Development of visual response selectivity in cortical GABAergic interneurons
Authors: Chang Jeremy T. , Fitzpatrick David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe visual cortex of carnivores and primates displays a high degree of modular network organization characterized by local clustering and structured long-range correlations of activity and functional properties. Excitatory networks display modular organization before the onset of sensory experience, but the developmental timeline for modular networks of GABAergic interneurons remains under-explored. Using in vivo calcium imaging of the ferret visual cortex, we find evidence that before visual experience, interneurons display weak orientation tuning and widespread, correlated activity in response to visual stimuli. Robust modular organization and orientation tuning are evident with as little as one week of visual experience. Furthermore, we find that the maturation of orientation tuning requires visual experience, while the reduction in widespread, correlated network activity does not. Thus, the maturation of inhibitory cortical networks occurs in a delayed, parallel process relative to excitatory neurons.
Co-optimization of therapeutic antibody affinity and specificity using machine learning models that generalize to novel mutational space
Authors: Makowski Emily K. , Kinnunen Patrick C. , Huang Jie , Wu Lina , Smith Matthew D. , Wang Tiexin , Desai Alec A. , Streu Craig N. , Zhang Yulei , Zupancic Jennifer M. , Schardt John S. , Linderman Jennifer J. , Tessier Peter M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTherapeutic antibody development requires selection and engineering of molecules with high affinity and other drug-like biophysical properties. Co-optimization of multiple antibody properties remains a difficult and time-consuming process that impedes drug development. Here we evaluate the use of machine learning to simplify antibody co-optimization for a clinical-stage antibody (emibetuzumab) that displays high levels of both on-target (antigen) and off-target (non-specific) binding. We mutate sites in the antibody complementarity-determining regions, sort the antibody libraries for high and low levels of affinity and non-specific binding, and deep sequence the enriched libraries. Interestingly, machine learning models trained on datasets with binary labels enable predictions of continuous metrics that are strongly correlated with antibody affinity and non-specific binding. These models illustrate strong tradeoffs between these two properties, as increases in affinity along the co-optimal (Pareto) frontier require progressive reductions in specificity. Notably, models trained with deep learning features enable prediction of novel antibody mutations that co-optimize affinity and specificity beyond what is possible for the original antibody library. These findings demonstrate the power of machine learning models to greatly expand the exploration of novel antibody sequence space and accelerate the development of highly potent, drug-like antibodies.
DDX1 vesicles control calcium-dependent mitochondrial activity in mouse embryos
Authors: Wang Yixiong , Yasmin Lubna , Li Lei , Gao Pinzhang , Xu Xia , Sun Xuejun , Godbout Roseline 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe DEAD box protein DDX1, previously associated with 3’-end RNA processing and DNA repair, forms large aggregates in the cytoplasm of early mouse embryos. Ddx1 knockout causes stalling of embryos at the 2-4 cell stages. Here, we identify a DDX1-containing membrane-bound calcium-containing organelle with a nucleic acid core. We show that aggregates of these organelles form ring-like structures in early-stage embryos which we have named Membrane Associated RNA-containing Vesicles. We present evidence that DDX1 is required for the formation of Membrane Associated RNA-containing Vesicles which in turn regulate the spatial distribution of calcium in embryos. We find that Ddx1 knockout in early embryos disrupts calcium distribution, and increases mitochondria membrane potential, mitochondrial activity, and reactive oxygen species. Sequencing analysis of embryos from Ddx1 heterozygote crosses reveals downregulation of a subset of RNAs involved in developmental and mitochondrial processes in the embryos with low Ddx1 RNA. We propose a role for Membrane Associated RNA-containing Vesicles in calcium-controlled mitochondrial functions that are essential for embryonic development.
Solvent-driven fractional crystallization for atom-efficient separation of metal salts from permanent magnet leachates
Authors: Stetson Caleb , Prodius Denis , Lee Hyeonseok , Orme Christopher , White Byron , Rollins Harry , Ginosar Daniel , Nlebedim Ikenna C. , Wilson Aaron D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis work reports a dimethyl ether-driven fractional crystallization process for separating rare earth elements and transition metals. The process has been successfully applied in the treatment of rare earth element-bearing permanent magnet leachates as an atom-efficient, reagent-free separation method. Using ~5 bar pressure, the solvent was dissolved into the aqueous system to displace the contained metal salts as solid precipitates. Treatments at distinct temperatures ranging from 20–31 °C enable crystallization of either lanthanide-rich or transition metal-rich products, with single-stage solute recovery of up to 95.9% and a separation factor as high as 704. Separation factors increase with solution purity, suggesting feasibility for eco-friendly solution treatments in series and parallel to purify aqueous material streams. Staged treatments are demonstrated as capable of further improving the separation factor and purity of crystallized products. Upon completion of a crystallization, the solvent can be recovered with high efficiency at ambient pressure. This separation process involves low energy and reagent requirements and does not contribute to waste generation.
Biomarkers of nanomaterials hazard from multi-layer data
Authors: Fortino Vittorio , Kinaret Pia Anneli Sofia , Fratello Michele , Serra Angela , Saarimäki Laura Aliisa , Gallud Audrey , Gupta Govind , Vales Gerard , Correia Manuel , Rasool Omid , Ytterberg Jimmy , Monopoli Marco , Skoog Tiina , Ritchie Peter , Moya Sergio , Vázquez-Campos Socorro , Handy Richard , Grafström Roland , Tran Lang , Zubarev Roman , Lahesmaa Riitta , Dawson Kenneth , Loeschner Katrin , Larsen Erik Husfeldt , Krombach Fritz , Norppa Hannu , Kere Juha , Savolainen Kai , Alenius Harri , Fadeel Bengt , Greco Dario 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is an urgent need to apply effective, data-driven approaches to reliably predict engineered nanomaterial (ENM) toxicity. Here we introduce a predictive computational framework based on the molecular and phenotypic effects of a large panel of ENMs across multiple in vitro and in vivo models. Our methodology allows for the grouping of ENMs based on multi-omics approaches combined with robust toxicity tests. Importantly, we identify mRNA-based toxicity markers and extensively replicate them in multiple independent datasets. We find that models based on combinations of omics-derived features and material intrinsic properties display significantly improved predictive accuracy as compared to physicochemical properties alone.
Non-synchronous bulk photovoltaic effect in two-dimensional interlayer-sliding ferroelectrics
Authors: Xiao Rui-Chun , Gao Yang , Jiang Hua , Gan Wei , Zhang Changjin , Li Hui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSpontaneous polarization and bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) are two concomitant physical properties in ferroelectric materials. The flipping of ferroelectric order usually accompanies the switching of BPVE in all directions because both of them are reversed under the inversion symmetry. In this study, we report the non-synchronous BPVE in two-dimensional (2D) interlayer-sliding ferroelectric materials featuring unswitchable in-plane BPVE (light-induced photocurrent in the xy plane) and switchable out-of-plane BPVE (light-induced polarization along the z-direction). Symmetry analysis within the abstract bilayer crystal model and first-principles calculations validate these BPVE properties. It is because the positive and negative ferroelectric states caused by interlayer sliding are related by mirror symmetry which cannot flip all the BPVE tensor elements. This finding extends the understanding of the relationship between ferroelectricity and BPVE. On one hand, the switchable out-of-plane BPVE can be used to design switchable photoelectric devices. On the other hand, the in-plane BPVE is robust against the ferroelectric flipping, and the unswitchable character is beneficial to construct larger-scale photoelectric devices.
Unveiling nano-scaled chemical inhomogeneity impacts on corrosion of Ce-modified 2507 super-duplex stainless steels
Authors: Singh Harishchandra , Xiong Yi , Rani Ekta , Wang Shubo , Kharbach Mourad , Zhou Tian , Yao Huai , Niu Yuran , Zakharov Alexei , King Graham , de Groot Frank M. F. , Kömi Jukka , Huttula Marko , Cao Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe widely used stainless steels and their deformed variants are anticorrosive in ambient conditions due to passivation layers composed of chromium oxides. Conventionally, corrosion and erosion of the steels are attributed to the breakdown of such layers but seldomly to the origin that depends on surface heterogeneity at the microscopic level. In this work, the nanometer-scaled chemical heterogeneity at the surface unveiled via spectro-microscopy and chemometric analysis unexpectedly dominates the breakdown and corrosion behavior of the cold-rolled Ce-modified 2507 super-duplex stainless steels (SDSS) over its hot-deformed counterpart. Though relatively uniformly covered by a native Cr2O3 layer revealed by X-ray photoemission electron microscopy, the cold-rolled SDSS behaved poorly in passivity because of locally distributed Fe3+ rich nano-islands over the Fe/Cr oxide layer. This atomic-level knowledge provides a deep understanding of corrosion of stainless steel and is expected to benefit corrosion controls of similar high-alloyed metals.
Biological sensitivity to environmental context fluctuates dynamically within individuals from day to day
Authors: Armstrong-Carter Emma , Telzer Eva H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis longitudinal, within-subjects study examined whether adolescents’ biological sensitivity to socioeconomic status (SES) for emerging social difficulties varied day to day. Diverse adolescents (N = 315; ages 11–18; 57% female; 25% Asian, 18% Latinx, 11% Black) provided daily diaries and saliva samples for 4 days. We measured biological sensitivity as daily fluctuations in diurnal cortisol slope, and SES as a principal component of family income and maternal education. A robust analysis of 1013 daily assessments revealed that youth from lower SES homes reported greater social difficulties only on days that they exhibited flatter diurnal cortisol slopes, and youth from higher SES homes reported fewer social difficulties on these days. SES was not associated with social difficulties on days that adolescents exhibited steeper, declining diurnal cortisol slopes. Findings support recent theory that risk and resilience are dynamic processes that change within individuals over time. For better and for worse, youth may be more biologically sensitive to their family socioeconomic environments on days that their diurnal cortisol rhythms are flattened.