bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propagation and localisation of vibrational modes in 3–dimensional disordered systems: the binary force constant model
Authors: Schirmacher W. , Diezemann G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe consider a system of coupled harmonic oscillators on a cubic lattice. The force constants are supposed to take two distinct values at random according to a bond concentration x. The density of states (DOS) is evaluated both by numerical diagonalisation and in coherent‐potential approximation (CPA). There is excellent agreement between the results of the two methods. Near the concentration, where the bonds with the larger force constants percolate, the DOS differs appreciably from the crystalline one and is anomalously enhanced at low frequencies as compared to Debye's ω2 law (“boson peak”). These features are shared with models with continuous distributions of force constants. The mean free path near the strongest anomaly is comparable to the wavelength of the excitations. However, the level distance statistics reveils that the corresponding states are delocalised.
Global and local level dynamics in chaotic microwave billiards
Authors: Barth M. , Kuhl U. , Stöckmann H.‐J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe spectra of Sinai microwave billiards and rectangular billiards with statistically distributed circular scatterers have been taken as a function of the position of one wall, and of one of the scatterers, respectively. Whereas in the first case the velocity distribution and correlations obey the universal behaviour predicted by Simons and Altshuler, in the second case a completely different behaviour is observed. This is due to the fact that a shift of one wall changes the wave function globally whereas the displacement of one scatterer only leads to a local perturbance.
Coulomb blockade and transport spectroscopy in short Si:MOSFET
Authors: Sanquer M. , Specht M. , Ghenim L. , Deleonibus S. , Guegan G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report Coulomb oscillations in short (50 nm and 100 nm) and wide Silicon MOSFETs at very low temperature, when the source‐drain conductance is below the quantum e2/h. the geometry is dual of a wire, where such oscillations have been previously reported. Our observations show that the dominating best conducting channel is a localized state which can accomodate several electrons. This emphasizes that Coulomb blockade appears also at low temperature in a standart short and wide transistor‐like geometry, without intentional confinement, as far as the conductance is below the quantum.Analysis of the non‐linear transport permits to evaluate both the mean one electron spacing (few kelvins) and the Coulomb energy (few tens of kelvins). At finite transport voltage the contributions of excited states are observed. Comparing the 50 nm and 100 nm series, we find that the size of the impurity quantum dot roughly scales with the source‐drain distance.
Sulfur in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry
Authors: Orrillo A. Gastón , Furlan Ricardo L. E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSulfur has been important in dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) since the beginning of the field. Mainly as part of disulfides and thioesters, dynamic sulfur‐based bonds (DSBs) have a leading role in several remarkable reactions. Part of this success is due to the almost ideal properties of DSBs for the preparation of dynamic covalent systems, including high reactivity and good reversibility under mild aqueous conditions, the possibility of exploiting supramolecular interactions, access to isolable structures, and easy experimental control to turn the reaction on/off. DCC is currently witnessing an increase in the importance of DSBs. The chemical flexibility offered by DSBs opens the door to multiple applications. This Review presents an overview of all the DSBs used in DCC, their applications, and remarks on the interesting properties that they confer on dynamic chemical systems, especially those containing several DSBs.
Electrochemical performance of asymmetric device using the nickel–zinc organometallic structure
Authors: Zeng Jie , Devarayapalli Kamakshaiah Charyulu , Li Changping , Vattikuti S. V. Prabhakar , Shim Jaesool 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBimetallic metal–organic frameworks (BMOFs) have developed as novel candidates for electrodes due to their high‐performance energy storage applications. We attempted to develop a new three‐dimensional (3D) ordered structure of nickel–zinc MOFs (NZMOF), grown in situ on carbon cloth (NZMOF/CC) using a solvo‐hydrothermal strategy to increase the stored energy. A notable capacitance of 456.8 F/g was achieved for this electrode at 1 A/g. In addition, the NZMOF/CC//AC/CC assembled split‐cell asymmetric supercapacitor device (SASD) achieved an excellent energy and power densities of 38.54 Wh/kg and 750 W/kg, respectively, with a capacity retention of 87.27% after 5000 cycles, which is better than that of conventional supercapacitors. Additionally, this study is easy and controllable, providing a viable approach for fabricating hybrid electrode materials for high‐performance energy storage systems.
Membrane extraction of V(V) by an oleic acid plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)/Aliquat® 336 polymer inclusion membrane
Authors: Bahrami Salar , Dolatyari Leila , Shayani‐Jam Hassan , Yaftian Mohammad Reza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) have received much attention as a greener method than other liquid membranes for the separation of a great number of chemical species. The expected horizon of industrial applications besides the advantages of greener characteristics of PIMs than other liquid membranes and solvent extraction methods, have resulted in development of the new PIMs for specific tasks. In the presented study, a PIM composed of polyvinyl chloride, Aliquat® 336, and oleic acid (50/40/10 wt%, respectively) is fabricated and its characteristics are studied. Membrane segments (3.5 cm diameter, 0.110 ± 0.013 g) can extract 73% of V(V) (initial concentration 50 mg L−1) from 50 ml Na2SO4 solution (0.1 M) adjusted to pH 2.5 after 8 h shaking. The extraction is proceeded by an anion exchange mechanism in which chloride anion of the extractant is replaced by VO2SO4−. It is approved that ~97% of the extracted amount of V(V) is back‐extracted from the loaded PIMs by contacting them, for 24 h, with 50 ml 7 mol L−1 H2SO4/0.25 v/v% of H2O2. The PIM extracts selectively V(V) from the simulated solutions like that obtained by digestion of spent alumina hydrodesulfurization catalysts.
Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment for enhancing the conducting properties of polypyrrole coated nylon fabric
Authors: Deogaonkar‐Baride Smita , Palaskar Shital S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe present study describes a method for plasma‐assisted in situ chemical polymerization of polypyrrole on nylon‐66 fabric to improve adhesion and conductivity of the polypyrrole coating. Plasma generated from various gas mixtures in dielectric barrier discharge were used to modify the surface of nylon‐66 fabric and investigated the influence of plasma on surface chemistry and morphology of nylon‐66 fabric. Polypyrrole was then deposited over this plasma pretreated nylon fabric by using oxidative chemical polymerization to get electrically conducting nylon fabric. Surface physical and chemical changes of plasma treated nylon‐66 fabric were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wettability, attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Effect of the plasma treatment on binding strength was analyzed by studying abrasion resistance and surface resistivity. Results showed that the strongest interfacial bonding and high conductivity were achieved for He+O2 plasma pretreated PPy coated nylon‐66 fabric. Surface functional groups such as CO, COH, COOH, and CONH were detected on plasma treated nylon‐66 fabric by XPS. These surface functional groups are responsible for the improved adhesion and conductivity of PPY coating on nylon fabric by 35% (up to 2500 abrasion cycles) and 50%, respectively.
Synergistically enhanced performance of epoxy resin by block copolymer and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Wei , Cui Huanan , Lv Yadong , Yang Qi , Huang Yajiang , Li Guangxian , Kong Miqiu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work aims to investigate the performance of the epoxy resin modified by poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(propylene glycol)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PEO‐PPO‐PEO) block copolymers and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). It is detected that when PEO‐PPO‐PEO block copolymers and MWCNTs are simultaneously added, synergistic toughening effects for epoxy resin achieve without loss of other properties. Specifically, with the introduction of 5 wt% PEO‐PPO‐PEO block copolymers, the critical stress intensity factor (KIc) of the epoxy resin is increased by 65.7% in contrast with the pure epoxy resin by the reason of the epoxy matrix shear yielding triggered by cavitation of PEO‐PPO‐PEO nanophases and by 28.7% with the introduction of 0.25 wt% MWCNTs owing to the pull‐out and crack bridging of MWCNTs, but other properties are decreased. However, with the simultaneous introduction of 5 wt% PEO‐PPO‐PEO and 0.25 wt% MWCNTs, the KIc of epoxy resins is significantly increased by 97.3%, exhibiting much higher than the linear superposition of the corresponding epoxy resin/PEO‐PPO‐PEO and epoxy resin/MWCNTs composites. Meanwhile, the decrease in other properties is retarded. This is because PEO‐PPO‐PEO block copolymer can enhance the interactions between MWCNTs and epoxy resins in the epoxy resin/PEO‐PPO‐PEO/MWCNT composites, thereby promoting the dispersion of MWCNTs in the epoxy resins. Consequently, the fracture toughness of epoxy resins is efficiently boosted by the superposition of the pull‐out and crack bridging of well‐dispersed MWCNTs and the epoxy matrix shear yielding triggered by the strengthened interactions between PEO‐PPO‐PEO block copolymers and MWCNTs. This work supplies an easy and efficient means to solve the dispersion of nanoparticles, which can prominently advance the comprehensive properties of epoxy resins.
Slippery customers for conservation: Distribution and decline of anguillid eels in South Africa
Authors: Hanzen Céline C. , Lucas Martyn C. , Weyl Olaf L.F. , Marr Sean M. , O’Brien Gordon , Downs Colleen T. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Four anguillid eel species occur in the western Indian Ocean rivers of Africa: Anguilla bengalensis, Anguilla bicolor, Anguilla marmorata and Anguilla mossambica. These catadromous fishes face multiple stressors, including habitat alteration and deterioration, barriers to migration, pollution and the adverse impacts of alien species, but knowledge of eel species occurrence, abundance and ecology in Africa remains poor.
This study investigated the present and historical distribution of anguillid eels and the potential associated drivers of declines at the southern extremities of their ranges in South Africa. Data analysed included sampling conducted in KwaZulu–Natal and Eastern Cape between 2015 and 2020, and secondary data extracted from databases, museums and local management agencies.
The median extent of inland penetration increased as follows: 22 km for A. bicolor, 29 km for A. marmorata, 94 km for A. bengalensis and 293 km for A. mossambica. The median altitude followed a similar pattern.
Extent of occurrence analyses were carried out at the regional level in KwaZulu–Natal. The sampling data on present distribution (2015–2020), compared with historical data, suggests declines in the extents of occurrence of the four eel species in KwaZulu–Natal, ranging between 31 and 48% in the last 30 years and between 35 and 82% since the 1950s.
With increasing human threats in the region, especially from watercourse modification and water abstraction, further declines for these species are expected. Conservation measures recommended include the maintenance or restoration of the ecological connectivity of important rivers and the implementation of freshwater protected areas. Although eels are at present not widely exploited in South Africa, there is a need for fisheries regulations to manage sustainable commercial exploitation.
Data‐driven dual‐rate cascade control and application to pitch angle control of UAV
Authors: Sakai Yuta , Kawaguchi Natsuki , Sato Takao , Arrieta Orlando 
Published: April 2022

SummaryA data‐driven design method for a cascade control system is proposed. The cascade control system consists of inner and outer loops, where the control interval of the outer loop is an integer multiple of the inner loop; hence, the system is a dual‐rate system. In the proposed method, controllers in the inner and outer loops are designed based on one‐shot data. In such a dual‐rate cascade system, since the controllers are designed using different data‐rate signals, the lifting technique is applied to align the dual‐rate data. To show its effectiveness, the proposed method is compared with a conventional single‐rate cascade control method, and numerical simulations and experiments are presented to examine servo and regulation performance.
Biolabel‐led research pattern reveals serum profile in rats after treatment with Herba Lysimachiae: Combined analysis of metabonomics and proteomics
Authors: Li Xu‐zhao , Liu Qi , Zhang Shuai‐nan , Yang Wu‐de , Zhou Ying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn traditional Chinese medicine, Herba Lysimachiae (HL) is mainly used to treat rheumatic arthralgia. Current pharmacological studies also showed that HL has therapeutic potential for synovial diseases. HL is an oral drug, whose compounds need to enter the blood circulation before reaching the injured tissue, thus potentially causing activity or toxicity to the blood system. In this study, the biolabel‐led research pattern was used to analyze the serum profile after HL intervention, based on which the safety and efficacy of HL were explored. Metabonomics and proteomics were combined to analyze the biolabels responsible for the interventions of HL in serum. Bioinformatics databases were used to screen for the material basis that may interfere with biolabels. Omics analysis showed that differentially expressed proteins (19) and metabolites (5) were identified and considered as the potential biolabels, which were involved in 8 biochemical processes (platelet activation and aggregation, blood glucose release, immune and inflammatory regulation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, tumor progression, blood pressure regulation, and uric acid synthesis). Thirty‐one compounds may be the material basis to interfere with 11 biolabels. The present research reveals that the potential activities and toxicities of HL can be explored based on the biolabel‐led research pattern.
Industrial energy consumption and pollutant emissions: Combined decomposition of relative performance and absolute changes
Authors: Liu Sicen , Chen Xiaodong , Shen Zhiyang , Baležentis Tomas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCombined decomposition of relative productivity growth and absolute changes in input/output variables helps to identify the driving forces of energy conservation and emission reduction. This paper proposes a framework based on the Luenberger productivity indicator (LPI) and the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) approach to analyze the energy–economy–environment nexus. The empirical case of the China's industrial sector for 2006–2014 is analyzed. Following this approach, we present a variable‐specific decomposition framework which attributes the overall productivity change and its sources to individual input/output variables. Empirically, we examine the relationships between the productivity growth and energy consumption within the LPI–LMDI framework across China's province‐level regions. The results show important spatial variation in the productivity measures. The LPI–LMDI decomposition implies that the industrial energy consumption increased with productivity growth appearing as the only mitigating factor. As regards the industrial SO2 emission, the individual productivity growth effect and the efficiency change effect remained as suppressing factors for emission abatement. These results can be used for evidence‐based decision making.
A three‐dimensional analysis of the development of cranial nerves in human embryos
Authors: Smit Johannes A. , Jacobs Karl , Bais Babette , Meijer Berrie , Seinen Marjolein N. , de Bree Karel , Veldhuis Tyas , Hagoort Jaco , de Jong Kees H. , Breugem Corstiaan C. , Oostra Roelof‐Jan , de Bakker Bernadette S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo increase our understanding of the etiology of specific neurological disorders (e.g., Duane syndrome, glossoptosis in Pierre Robin sequence), proper knowledge of anatomy and embryology of cranial nerves is necessary. We investigated cranial nerve development, studied histological sections of human embryos, and quantitatively analyzed the 3D reconstructions. A total of 28 sectioned and histologically stained human embryos (Carnegie stage [CS] 10 to 23 [21–60 days of development]) were completely digitalized by manual annotation using Amira software. Two specimens per stage were analyzed. Moreover, quantitative volume measurements were performed to assess relative growth of the cranial nerves. A chronologic overview of the morphologic development of each of the 12 cranial nerves, from neural tube to target organ, was provided. Most cranial nerves start developing at CS 12 to 13 (26–32 days of development) and will reach their target organ in stage 17 to 18 (41–46 days). In comparison to the rest of the developing brain, a trend could be identified in which relative growth of the cranial nerves increases at early stages, peaks at CS 17 and slowly decreases afterwards. The development of cranial nerves in human embryos is presented in a comprehensive 3D fashion. An interactive 3D‐PDF is provided to illuminate the development of the cranial nerves in human embryos for educational purposes. This is the first time that volume measurements of cranial nerves in the human embryonic period have been presented.
Prevalence and determinants of caregivers’ self‐reported child abuse among children aged 3–6 years in the south of Iran
Authors: Fatemi Mohammad Javad , Afrashteh Sima , Zahmatkesh Soraya , Hemmati Abdolrasool , Fararouei Mohammad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChild abuse is a problem that needs to be addressed worldwide. This is a cross‐sectional study to estimate the prevalence of child abuse among children aged 3 to 6 years and its associated factors in southern Iran. In total, 5142 participants were selected using multi‐stage random sampling. The estimated prevalence rates of neglect and physical and verbal/emotional abuse among children were 26.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.2–27.6), 59.4% (95% CI 58.1–60.6), and 63.9% (95% CI 62.6–65.1), respectively. The results of logistic regression models showed that the child's sex was associated with physical abuse (odds ratio [OR]boy/girl 1.25; 95% CI1.11–1.41) and verbal abuse (ORboy/girl 1.17; 95% CI 1.04–1.32). However, parents living together was inversely associated with physical abuse (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.25–0.80), verbal abuse (ORboy/girl 0.46; 95% CI 0.25–0.84), and neglect (ORboy/girl 0.53; 95% CI 0.31–0.88). Mother's education (ORuniversity degree/illiterate 0.58; 95% CI 0.35–0.98) was also inversely associated with physical abuse. The prevalence of child abuse in southern Iran is significantly higher than in several other countries in the region and other parts of the world. Social and family factors, including mother's education and parents living together, are important in reducing child abuse and its related mental and physical disorders during childhood. It is essential to train parents of young children about abuse and its negative effects on the health and social performance of children.
Irinotecan‐induced severe hypotension in a patient with lung cancer
Authors: Nakano Ryota , Momo Kenji , Matsuzaki Airi , Sakai Akiko , Uchikura Takeshi , Tanaka Katsumi , Numazawa Satoshi , Sasaki Tadanori 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMost hypotension during chemotherapy is caused by an allergic mechanism. Conversely, non‐allergic hypotension due to chemotherapy is rare. In this case report, we present a patient who suffered severe hypotension followed by the administration of irinotecan‐based chemotherapy and some supportive care such as steroids for preventing emesis. A 71‐year‐old man with hypertension was diagnosed with stage IV small cell lung cancer (sT1cN3M0). Severe hypotension occurred in the patient after every administration of chemotherapy. Finally, he was able to receive all four courses of chemotherapy as planned along with the medical staff’s support care. This case provides that a regimen that contained irinotecan and steroid could cause hypotension and the mechanism is partially explained by inhibiting choline esterase and adrenal insufficiency. We should be careful about non‐allergic hypotension when we administer irinotecan‐based chemotherapy.
Decolorization of Textile Dyes in a Fixed‐Bed Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Madhushika H. Gimhani , Ariyadasa Thilini U. , Gunawardena Sanja H. P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA fixed‐bed biofilm reactor (FBBR) was developed and its performance in decolorizing synthetic dye mixtures and textile industry effluents was evaluated in both batch and continuous modes. It was observed that yeast extract was important as the carbon source in the FBBR feed for color removal. However, the requirement for yeast extract in FBBR is very small compared to that in suspended cell cultures. Structural changes in dyes due to biological treatment were assessed from ultraviolet‐visible spectral and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrophotometry (GC‐MS) investigations confirmed that the metabolites formed were nontoxic and benign.
Implementation of irrigation with dairy cattle manure for tropical perennial pastures in Costa Rica
Authors: Herrera‐Muñoz Juan Ignacio , Villalobos‐Villalobos Luis A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnimal manures allow nutrients recycling in cropping systems, while contributing to the fulfillment of environmental standards. Pasture irrigation with animal manures has been fostered for Costa Rican dairy farms over the last 15 yr. A lack of information and training regarding irrigation and management of animal manures has led to the implementation of diverse methods by producers, but those have not yet been characterized. This study aimed to describe the current management of Costa Rican dairy farms irrigating perennial pastures with slurries. The farms were mostly grass‐based systems with supplements fed to cows during the time spent at the milking parlor and/or in feeding stalls through the day. Farms collect manure when facilities are washed with water, which is then stored in plastic tanks or cement structures for less than 1 day before irrigating pastures. The amount of water used by dairy producers was greater than the recommended water/manure ratio (13.4 vs. 4.0 L kg–1), with only one farm reporting values below this ratio. Slurries were sampled and analyzed for their nutrient and microbial content. Both nutrient and microbial content varied in this study due to factors specific to each farm, especially with respect to water management. The variability found in water use among farms and regions (2.4–36.7 L kg–1) may generate unintended consequences from an environmental standpoint. Sustainability of Costa Rican dairy farms can be enhanced if specific guidelines for manure irrigation are developed, which could have benefits for chemical fertilizer use and environmental effect.