bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Islam in the defence of the Anglican Church: John Gregory (1607–1646)
Authors: Matar Nabil 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article examines the writings of John Gregory (d. 1646), who used the Qurʾān in resolving inter-denominational conflicts in the England of the 1640s. Living during the British Civil Wars, Gregory witnessed the assault on the Anglican Church by Presbyterians and Independents, on the one hand, and by Catholics, on the other. To defend the church of the via media in which he was ordained, Gregory took the unprecedented step of consulting the Qurʾān and the Arabic legacy, both Islamic and Christian, to find support for the theological and ecclesiastical positions of Anglicanism. He was an accomplished Arabist, and his unique treatment of the Qurʾān and of Islam influenced writers well into the eighteenth century, including Henry Stubbe (d. 1676) and Charles Hornby (d. 1739).
Attosecond electron-beam technology: a review of recent progress
Authors: Morimoto Yuya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectron microscopy and diffraction with ultrashort pulsed electron beams are capable of imaging transient phenomena with the combined ultrafast temporal and atomic-scale spatial resolutions. The emerging field of optical electron beam control allowed the manipulation of relativistic and sub-relativistic electron beams at the level of optical cycles. Specifically, it enabled the generation of electron beams in the form of attosecond pulse trains and individual attosecond pulses. In this review, we describe the basics of the attosecond electron beam control and overview the recent experimental progress. High-energy electron pulses of attosecond sub-optical cycle duration open up novel opportunities for space-time-resolved imaging of ultrafast chemical and physical processes, coherent photon generation, free electron quantum optics, electron–atom scattering with shaped wave packets and laser-driven particle acceleration.Graphical Abstract
Impact of Transcript (p16/p14ARF) Alteration on Cancer Risk in CDKN2A Germline Pathogenic Variant Carriers
Authors: Sargen Michael R , Helgadottir Hildur , Yang Xiaohong R , Harland Mark , Hatton Jessica N , Jones Kristine , Hicks Belynda D , Hutchinson Amy , Curry Michael , Tucker Margaret A , Goldstein Alisa M , Pfeiffer Ruth M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Few studies have evaluated the relationship between CDKN2A germline pathogenic variants (GPV), transcript (p16/p14ARF) alteration, and cancer risk.

Methods
Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) comparing cancer risk with the general population were calculated for 385 CDKN2A GPV carriers from 2 large cohorts (259 United States and 126 Swedish individuals) using Poisson regression; statistical significance was defined as P less than .002 (Bonferroni correction). Cumulative incidence is reported for melanoma and nonmelanoma cancer.

Results
Incidence was increased for melanoma (SIR = 159.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 132.1 to 193.2), pancreatic cancer (SIR = 24.1, 95% CI = 14.7 to 39.4), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SIR = 16.2, 95% CI = 9.5 to 27.6), and lung cancer (SIR = 5.6, 95% CI = 3.4 to 9.1) in GPV carriers. Similar associations were observed with p16 alteration. Combined p16 and p14ARF alteration was associated with increased incidence of esophageal cancer (SIR = 16.7, 95% CI = 5.7 to 48.9) and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (SIR = 113.0, 95% CI = 16.4 to 780.9), although cancer events were limited (n &lt; 5 for each malignancy). Cumulative incidence at age 70 years for melanoma and nonmelanoma cancer was 68.3% (95% CI = 68.0% to 68.6%) and 35.2% (95% CI = 34.9% to 35.6%), respectively. A total 89% of smoking-related cancers (lung, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic, esophageal) occurred in ever smokers.

Conclusion
These findings highlight the impact of p16 and p14ARF alteration on cancer risk. Smoking was an important risk factor for smoking-related cancers in our study.
Divergent leaf nutrient-use strategies of coexistent evergreen and deciduous trees in a subtropical forest
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Le Xingui , Niklas Karl J , Hu Dandan , Zhong Quanlin , Cheng Dongliang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Evergreen and deciduous species coexist in the subtropical forests in southeastern China. It has been suggested that phosphorus (P) is the main limiting nutrient in subtropical forests, and that evergreen and deciduous species adopt different carbon capture strategies to deal with this limitation. However, these hypotheses have not been examined empirically to a sufficient degree. In order to fill this knowledge gap, we measured leaf photosynthetic and respiration rates, and nutrient traits related to P-, nitrogen (N)- and carbon (C)-use efficiencies and resorption using 75 woody species (44 evergreen and 31 deciduous species) sampled in a subtropical forest. The photosynthetic N-use efficiency (PNUE), respiration rate per unit N and P (Rd,N and Rd,P, respectively) of the deciduous species were all significantly higher than those of evergreen species, but not in the case of photosynthetic P-use efficiency. These results indicate that, for any given leaf P, evergreen species manifest higher carbon-use efficiency (CUE) than deciduous species, a speculation that is empirically confirmed. In addition, no significant differences were observed between deciduous and evergreen species for nitrogen resorption efficiency, phosphorus resorption efficiency or N:P ratios. These results indicate that evergreen species coexist with deciduous species and maintain dominance in P-limited subtropical forests by maintaining CUE. Our results also indicate that it is important to compare the PNUE of deciduous species with evergreen species in other biomes. These observations provide insights into modeling community dynamics in subtropical forests, particularly in light of future climate change.
Opportunities and Obstacles for Achieving Language Equity among Adolescents Resettled from the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Gillespie Alli , Brumbaum Hannah , Salama Mariam , Bennouna Cyril , Allaf Carine , Hassan Wafa , Aldrich Jeremy , Meyer Sarah R , Stark Lindsay 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Adolescents resettled to the US from conflict-affected countries in the Middle East and North Africa region face a range of acculturative challenges, including language barriers, that may affect their wellbeing. This qualitative study aims to understand the variety of approaches US schools use to support the education of Arabic-speaking students. Utilizing Ruíz’s influential typology of language orientations, our analysis reveals a range of school approaches aligning most closely with the ‘language-as-problem’ and ‘language-as-resource’ orientations. Participants identified several perceived effects of these orientations on academic achievement and acculturation, and providers highlighted promising directions and potential barriers for bolstered language supports. Findings indicate that Arabic-speaking newcomer students experience persistent language inequity but also locate promising pathways towards reducing these inequities. We discuss structural shifts schools can implement to bolster language as a resource and move towards larger systems change in which heritage language is a right.
Delayed axial flaps for coverage of a fourth degree scalp burn
Authors: Moltaji S , El Khatib A , Rogers A D 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Although free tissue transfers may be required to cover wounds of the head and neck with bone involvement and exposure, options lower on the reconstructive ladder should still be considered during the planning process. We present a case of an elderly gentleman with a history of cardiovascular comorbidity and neck radiotherapy, who sustained a deep flame burn injury to his scalp. Two delayed axial flaps, based on the superficial temporal and supraorbital arteries respectively, were used to obtain durable coverage of this complex wound.
Unifying Epistemic and Practical Rationality
Authors: Skipper Mattias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMany theories of rational action are predicated on the idea that what it is rational to do in a given situation depends, in part, on what it is rational to believe in that situation. In short: they treat epistemic rationality as explanatorily prior to practical rationality. If they are right in doing so, it follows, on pain of explanatory circularity, that epistemic rationality cannot itself be a form of practical rationality. Yet, many epistemologists have defended just such a view of epistemic rationality. According to them, there is no such thing as a distinctively epistemic form of rationality which could be explanatorily prior to practical rationality. Rather, they maintain, there is just one form of rationality—practical rationality—of which epistemic rationality is a species. What to make of this conflict? The aim of this paper is to motivate a view about the relationship between epistemic and practical rationality which resolves the conflict in a way that should be attractive to both sides. The central idea is to ground both epistemic and practical rationality in an independently motivated notion of evidential probability which is itself to be understood in non-normative terms. Doing so, I argue, allows us to unify epistemic and practical rationality in a way that does justice to the idea that what it is rational to do depends, in part, on what it is rational to believe; and to do so in a way that avoids explanatory circularity.
Monitoring the delicate operations of surgical robots via ultra-sensitive ionic electronic skin
Authors: Wei Danyang , Guo Jiajie , Qiu Yuqi , Liu Shaoyu , Mao Jiangyan , Liu Yutian , Chen Zhenbing , Wu Hao , Yin Zhouping 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The arrival of surgical robots in high-end medical equipment is a landmark, and the realization of tactile sensation a major challenge in this important cutting-edge research field. Aiming to address this issue, we present ultra-sensitive ionic electronic skin in the form of flexible capacitive pressure sensors, which incorporate multistage bionic microstructures in ion gels for the purpose of monitoring the delicate operations of surgical robots. Significantly, the ionic skin exhibits an ultra-high sensitivity of 9484.3 kPa−1 (&lt;15 kPa), and the sensitivity remains higher than 235 kPa−1 in the wide range of 15–155 kPa. The device has also achieved a detection limit as low as 0.12 Pa or, equivalently, 0.31 mg, fast response within 24 ms, and high robustness (loading/unloading for 5000 cycles without fatigue). The sensor facilitates the challenging task of tele-operated robotic threading, which exceeds the human tactile perception limit when threading a needle. We have also confirmed that ionic skin can be used in robot-assisted invasive surgery, such as incision/resection of tissues and suturing of wounds, providing tactile information to surgeons to improve operation success rates. The flexible ionic skin is capable of conforming to the various shapes of robotic manipulators, thus has great promise for applications in robotic dexterous manipulation, prosthetics and human–machine interfaces.
A Janus heteroatom-doped carbon electrocatalyst for hydrazine oxidation
Authors: Ding Jieting , Wang Hao-Fan , Yang Xianfeng , Ju Wenbo , Shen Kui , Chen Liyu , Li Yingwei 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThe trade-off between the intrinsic activity and electronic conductivity of carbon materials is a major barrier for electrocatalysis. We report a Janus-type carbon material combining electrically conductive nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) and catalytically active boron, nitrogen co-doped carbon (BNC). The integration of NC with BNC can not only ensure high electronic conductivity of the hybrid, but also achieve an enhancement in the intrinsic activity of the BNC side due to the electron redistribution on their coupling interfaces. In the electrocatalytic hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), the Janus carbon electrocatalyst exhibits superior activity than their single counterparts and simple physical mixtures. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the NC/BNC interfaces simultaneously promote efficient electron transport and decrease the free energy of the rate-determining step in the HzOR process.
Prevalence and Predictors of High-Grade Anal Dysplasia in People With HIV in One Southeastern Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Clinic
Authors: Geba Maria , Cardenas Benjamin , Williams Brooke , Hoang Sook , Newberry Yvonne , Dillingham Rebecca , Thomas Tania A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Prevalence of anal cancer is increasing among people with HIV (PWH). Screening for anal cancer involves evaluating cytology and biopsy with high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) if indicated. In this study, we sought to identify the prevalence of abnormal anal cytology and biopsy-proven high-grade dysplasia, defined as anal intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and 3 (AIN2+).

Methods
Demographic and clinical data were collected from participants age ≥30 years with ≥1 anal Pap smear performed during the study period (12/18/2017–05/29/2021). A subgroup analysis was performed on those with ≥1 HRA. Logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for variables of interest such as age, race, gender, presence of HPV strains, and sexual practices.

Results
Of 317 participants, 48% (n = 152) had abnormal cytology (93% low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [SIL] or atypical cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS] and 7% high-grade SIL). Most with abnormal cytology proceeded to HRA (n = 136/152). Of those with HRA, 62% (n = 84/136) had AIN2+. History of anoreceptive intercourse (aOR 4.62; 95% CI 1.08–23.09; P = .047), HPV 16 (aOR 4.13; 95% CI 1.63–11.30; P = .004), and “other” high-risk HPV strains (aOR 5.66; 95% CI 2.31–14.78; P &lt; .001) were significantly associated with AIN2+.

Conclusions
Nearly half of those screened had abnormal cytology, highlighting the high prevalence of anal dysplasia in PWH. Though only 7% had high-grade SIL on cytology, 62% of those biopsied had AIN2+, suggesting that cytology underestimates the severity of dysplasia on biopsy. HPV 16 and “other” high-risk strains were associated with AIN2 + and could be considered for risk-stratifying patients in the screening algorithm.
Central concentration of warm and dense molecular gas in a strongly lensed submillimeter galaxy at z = 6
Authors: Tsujita Akiyoshi , Tadaki Ken-ichi , Kohno Kotaro , Hatsukade Bunyo , Egusa Fumi , Tamura Yoichi , Nishimura Yuri , Zavala Jorge , Saito Toshiki , Umehata Hideki , Lee Minju M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We report the detection of the CO(12–11) line emission toward G09-83808 (or H-ATLAS J090045.4+004125), a strongly-lensed submillimeter galaxy at z = 6.02, with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations. Combining previously detected [O iii] 88 μm, [N ii] 205 μm, and dust continuum at 0.6 mm and 1.5 mm, we investigate the physical properties of the multi-phase interstellar medium in G09-83808. A source-plane reconstruction reveals that the region of the CO(12–11) emission is compact ($R_\mathrm{{e, CO}}=0.49^{+0.29}_{-0.19}\:\mbox{kpc}$) and roughly coincides with that of the dust continuum. Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer modeling of CO spectral-line energy distribution reveals that most of the CO(12–11) emission comes from a warm (kinetic temperature of Tkin = 320 ± 170 K) and dense [log (nH2/cm−3) = 5.4 ± 0.6] gas, indicating that the warm and dense molecular gas is concentrated in the central 0.5 kpc region. The luminosity ratio in G09-83808 is estimated to be LCO(12-11)/LCO(6-5) = 1.1 ± 0.2. The high ratio is consistent with those in local active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and 6 &lt; z &lt; 7 quasars, the fact of which implies that G09-83808 would be a good target to explore dust-obscured AGNs in the epoch of reionization. In the reconstructed [O iii] 88 μm and [N ii] 205 μm cubes, we also find that a monotonic velocity gradient is extending over the central starburst region by a factor of 2 and that star-forming sub-components exist. High-resolution observations of bright [C ii] 158 μm line emissions will enable us to characterize the kinematics of a possible rotating disk and the nature of the sub-components.
2 Estimating the Impact of Menstrual Poverty on Adolescents in Nova Scotia
Authors: Lukindo Mary , Price Victoria E , Pike Meghan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Menstrual poverty is defined as the inability of people who menstruate to obtain menstrual products due to financial burden. The impact of menstrual poverty on adolescents is unknown.

Objectives
This study aimed to estimate the impact of menstrual poverty on adolescents who reside in Nova Scotia (NS), Canada.

Design/Methods
The authors developed a web-based, 25-item questionnaire, the adolescent Menstrual Poverty Questionnaire (aMPQ), and distributed it via social media. Adolescents who were less than 18 years of age, English-speaking, and living in NS were eligible to complete the survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. 420 adolescents completed the survey, with a mean age of 16.1 years (14.4 – 17.9 years).

Results
Results revealed that 65% of respondents do not always have enough money to buy menstrual products. This led to unsafe menstrual hygiene practices including using alternatives for menstrual products (e.g., rags), washing disposable menstrual products, and/or wearing products for longer than intended. 40% of respondents reported a lack of affordability of menstrual products as a cause for school absenteeism and lack of participation in sport/social activities. 70% of respondents feel embarrassed to ask for products even when they are provided for free, and almost all supported the idea of having freely available menstrual products in public washrooms.

Conclusion
This study determined that menstrual poverty impacts adolescents in Nova Scotia. To address menstrual poverty, menstrual products should be freely available in all public washrooms, as this will provide unrestricted access to menstruators and promote their full participation in society.
7 Does Physical Activity Vary By Virtual or In-Person School Models in School-Aged Children?
Authors: Metivier Emma , McCann Maggie , Kumar Kriti , Lepore Natasha , Lahey Kelcie , Barootes Hailey , Holyer Karissa , Miller Michael , Lim Rod 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Current recommendations for school-aged children’s physical activity include at least one hour of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity per day. Schools play an essential role in providing access to physical activity, through both structured and unstructured activity such as physical education and recess. North American data has shown that due to restrictions placed on in-person schooling, children were not meeting recommended levels of physical activity during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to understand the effect schooling models have on access to physical activity and subsequent reported changes in mental and physical health.

Design/Methods
An online survey was distributed to parents of school-aged children aged 4-13 in Ontario. The survey included questions regarding demographics, children’s physical activity prior to and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and parental perceptions regarding the pandemic’s impact on mental and physical health. This study received ethics approval, was hosted on the REDCapTM platform, and distributed from February-June 2021 through a local school board, the Pediatrics section of the Ontario Medical Association, and through social media.

Results
A total of 361 survey participants responded. Although there was a statistically significant decrease in the overall mean number of hours of physical activity per week from prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (mean difference = 9.34 hours, SD = 10.06, p&lt;0.001), there was no significant difference in hours of physical activity when comparing in-person and virtual school models (p=0.892 pre-COVID-19 pandemic and p=0.146 during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic). There was no significant difference in parent-reported impact of either physical (p=0.724) or mental (p=0.822) health between those that were enrolled in virtual or in-person school models, and no significant difference between school model and restarting activities (p=0.078).

Conclusion
This survey highlights not only that parents identified a significant decrease in children’s physical activity during the pandemic but also that there was no correlation between school model and physical activity. This may be due to several organized physical activities not being re-started despite schools reopening, thus contributing to similar outcomes for children in both school models. Future research may include exploring why virtual and in-person models demonstrated no significant difference in physical activity and to conduct a qualitative analysis on methods used by parents to engage children in activity.
13 Quantifying the Intensity of Adverse Events in Children Receiving Ibuprofen and Oxycodone Following Acute Fracture
Authors: Gourlay Katie , Ali Samina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Treatment of pain is an essential component of optimizing an injured child’s quality of life and experience. Ibuprofen and oxycodone are widely used for treating childhood fracture pain. While oxycodone is generally associated with increased frequency of adverse events (AEs), little is known on the comparative intensity of AEs associated with these medications.

Objectives
Our primary objective was to quantify the frequency and intensity of AE's associated with ibuprofen and oxycodone in children following acute fracture. Our secondary objective was to assess functional outcome impairment in children taking ibuprofen and oxycodone, specifically their ability to eat, sleep, play, and attend school.

Design/Methods
Patients aged 4-16 years diagnosed with a fracture in the Stollery emergency department who were prescribed either ibuprofen or oxycodone were recruited from 2010-2014. Patient characteristics were collected using a structured chart review. Families were called for the first three days after discharge and asked to report the frequency and intensity of AEs, as well as whether their child’s ability to eat, sleep, play or attend school was impaired.

Results
A total of 240 children were recruited (ibuprofen n=176, oxycodone n=59). Children using oxycodone were more likely to report any AE (p&lt;0.001), nausea (p&lt;0.001), vomiting (p&lt;0.001), drowsiness (p&lt;0.001), constipation (p=0.003), and dizziness (p&lt;0.001), compared to ibuprofen. Using an 11-point rating scale, children receiving oxycodone reported more severe abdominal pain (oxycodone: mean 5.4 SD 3.1; ibuprofen mean 2.5 SD 1.4) on Day 1 (p=0.02) and worse constipation (oxycodone: mean 4.9 SD 2.1; ibuprofen mean 3.2 SD 2.2) over all three days (p=0.04). Children with upper limb fractures experienced more impairment in playing (oxycodone 93.8%, ibuprofen 65.7%, p&lt;0.001) and attending school (oxycodone 80.9%, ibuprofen 57.6%, p=0.004) when prescribed oxycodone, while children with lower limb fractures experienced similar impairments regardless of medication used.

Conclusion
Oxycodone is associated with more frequent overall, gastrointestinal, and neurologic AEs and higher intensity gastrointestinal AEs compared to ibuprofen. Function with upper limb fractures is worse in children prescribed oxycodone, over ibuprofen. Clinicians should be aware of differences in AE profiles when caring for children in pain.