bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What’s new in protein kinase/phosphatase signalling in the control of plant immunity?
Authors: Erickson Jessica , Weckwerth Philipp , Romeis Tina , Lee Justin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Plant immunity is crucial to plant health but comes at an expense. For optimal plant growth, tight immune regulation is required to prevent unnecessary rechannelling of valuable resources. Pattern- and effector-triggered immunity (PTI/ETI) represent the two tiers of immunity initiated after sensing microbial patterns at the cell surface or pathogen effectors secreted into plant cells, respectively. Recent evidence of PTI-ETI cross-potentiation suggests a close interplay of signalling pathways and defense responses downstream of perception that is still poorly understood. This review will focus on controls on plant immunity through phosphorylation, a universal and key cellular regulatory mechanism. Rather than a complete overview, we highlight “what’s new in protein kinase/phosphatase signalling” in the immunity field. In addition to phosphoregulation of components in the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) complex, we will cover the actions of the major immunity-relevant intracellular protein kinases/phosphatases in the ‘signal relay’, namely calcium-regulated kinases (e.g. calcium-dependent protein kinases, CDPKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and various protein phosphatases. We discuss how these factors define a phosphocode that generates cellular decision-making ‘logic gates’, which contribute to signalling fidelity, amplitude, and duration. To underscore the importance of phosphorylation, we summarize strategies employed by pathogens to subvert plant immune phosphopathways. In view of recent game-changing discoveries of ETI-derived resistosomes organizing into calcium-permeable pores, we speculate on a possible calcium-regulated phosphocode as the mechanistic control of the PTI-ETI continuum.
Multi‐branch angle aware spatial temporal graph convolutional neural network for model‐based gait recognition
Authors: Zheng Liyang , Zha Yuheng , Kong Da , Yang Hanqing , Zhang Yu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractModel‐based gait recognition with skeleton data input has attracted more attention in recent years. The model‐based gait recognition methods take skeletons constructed by body joints as input, which are invariant to changing carrying and clothing conditions. However, previous methods limitedly model the skeleton information in either spatial or temporal domains and ignore the pose variety under different view angles, which results in poor performance for gait recognition. To solve the above problems, we propose the Multi‐Branch Angle Aware Spatial Temporal Graph Convolutional Neural Network to better depict the spatial‐temporal relationship while minimising the interference from the view angles. The model adopts the legacy Spatial Temporal Graph Neural Network (ST‐GCN) as its backbone and relocates it to create independent ST‐GCN branches. The novel Angle Estimator module is designed to predict the skeletons' view angles, which enables the network robust to the changing views. To balance the weights of different body parts and sequence frames, we build a Part‐Frame‐Importance module to redistribute them. Our experiments on the challenging CASIA‐B dataset have proved the efficacy of the proposed method, which achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance under different carrying and clothing conditions.
Enhanced reactivity of oxygen-functionalised PAHs with atomic hydrogen – A route to the formation of small oxygen-carrying molecules
Authors: Jaganathan R. , Simonsen F. D. S. , Thrower J. D. , Hornekær L. 
Published: June 2022

Aims. We investigate the interaction of a linear, catacondensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), pentacene (C22H14), and its oxygen-functionalised form 6, 13 pentacenequinone (C22H12O2) with atomic hydrogen (H) under interstellar conditions. We compare their reaction cross-sections and reaction products to elucidate the possible role played by oxygen-functionalised PAHs in the formation of small oxygen-carrying molecules in the interstellar medium.
Methods. We present temperature-programmed desorption measurements in combination with mass spectrometry. The evolution of the mass distribution of the desorbed species with increasing H-atom fluence and their peak desorption temperatures give insight into the reaction products.
Results. The experiments reveal reaction cross-sections that are significantly larger for the oxygen-functionalised species compared to pentacene. For both pentacene and 6, 13 pentacenequinone, hydrogenated species with an even number of excess H-atoms dominate over hydrogenated species with an odd number of H-atoms. The end product, after exposure to large H-atom fluences, for both pentacene and PQ is fully superhydrogenated pentacene (C22H36), with little evidence for any remaining oxygen-containing species. This suggests the release of small molecules such as OH and/or H2O by the abstraction of oxygen atoms during hydrogenation, indicating that oxygen-functionalised PAHs can enable the formation of small oxygen-bearing molecules under interstellar conditions.
Kutane Infektionen im Kindesalter
Authors: Fölster-Holst Regina 
Published: June 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGKutane Infektionen bei Kindern sind häufig, wobei als Auslöser Bakterien, Viren oder Pilze in Betracht kommen. Diese können die epidermalen Zellen direkt von außen oder im Rahmen von systemischen Erkrankungen infizieren, die Hautreaktionen können aber auch durch die Toxinfreisetzung der Bakterien oder als Antwort des Immunsystems auf die Infektionserreger erklärt werden. Beispiele dafür sind das Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) und Scharlach sowie Exanthemerkrankungen. Darüber hinaus treten sekundäre Infektionen häufig bei Parasitosen auf. Der Artikel fokussiert bakterielle, mykotische und virale Infektionen, wobei bei den letzteren auch Exanthemerkrankungen Erwähnung finden. Aufgrund des umfangreichen Themas, das den Rahmen dieses Heftes sprengen würde, werden nur häufig vorkommende bakterielle, virale und mykotische Hautinfektionen fokussiert und die Exanthemerkrankungen sowie die Parasitosen lediglich tabellarisch dargestellt. Detailliertere Abhandlungen sind entsprechenden angegebenen Referenzen zu entnehmen.
Influence of NOS1AP Risk Variants on the Corrected QT (QTc)
Interval in the Pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia
Authors: Esen-Sehir Dilhan , Kopf Juliane , Hägele Sandra , Plichta Michael M. , Reif Andreas , Freudenberg Florian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction The variants of the gene for nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor
protein (NOS1AP) are associated with schizophrenia and cardiovascular
deficits involving corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation. Here, we
investigated a possible pharmacogenetic effect of antipsychotic treatment on QTc
length in interaction with two NOS1AP variants (rs12143842 and
rs10494366) whose minor alleles are associated with increased QTc interval
length.
Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of electrocardiographic
(ECG) and genotype data of 239 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. We
converted antipsychotics dosage to chlorpromazine equivalents and defined daily
doses. We analysed the effects of the minor (i. e.
rs12143842-CT/TT and rs10494366-GT/GG) and major (i. e.
rs12143842-CC and rs10494366-TT) allele genotypes to QTc interval for female and
male participants separately.
Results As expected, rs12143842 and rs10494366 exhibit strong linkage
disequilibrium. Both polymorphisms had no direct effect on antipsychotic use or
QTc interval. However, there was a continuous increase in QTc interval with
increasing antipsychotic dosage in males. For both variants, positive
correlation of QTc length with antipsychotic dosage was found in homozygous male
carriers of the major alleles (i. e. rs12143842-CC and rs10494366-TT),
but not in minor allele carriers. There was no significant interaction between
antipsychotic dosage and QTc interval for either genotype in female
patients.
Conclusions In this study, a significant interaction was found between
both NOS1AP variants, rs12143842 and rs10494366, and antipsychotic
treatment on the QTc interval in a sex-dependent manner. Our findings might be
relevant for adequate antipsychotic treatment in rs12143842 and rs10494366 major
allele carriers.
Epstein-Barr-Virus-assoziierte Erkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Geisperger Jonas , Behrends Uta 
Published: June 2022

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGÜber 95 % der Erwachsenen weltweit sind mit dem Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV) infiziert. Während die Primärinfektion meist oligo- oder asymptomatisch verläuft, erkranken ca. 500 pro 100 000 Menschen pro Jahr an einer Infektiösen Mononukleose (IM), mit einem Häufigkeitsgipfel zwischen 15 und 24 Jahren. In den meisten Fällen heilt die Erkrankung folgenlos aus. Jedoch werden Fälle von protrahierter Abgeschlagenheit (Fatigue) oder postinfektiösem Chronischem Fatigue-Syndrom (syn. Myalgische Enzephalomyelitis) als Folge der IM beobachtet. Weitere schwere akute Komplikationen wie Milzriss, Atemnot aufgrund von „kissing tonsils“ oder Hämophagozytische Lymphohistiozytose sind beschrieben und können prinzipiell alle Organsysteme betreffen. EBV ist zudem mit verschiedenen malignen Erkrankungen wie Nasopharynxkarzinom, Hodgkin- und Burkitt-Lymphom sowie Autoimmunerkrankungen wie Multiple Sklerose assoziiert. Einige angeborene und erworbene Immundefekte gehen mit einem hohen Risiko für EBV-assoziierte Komplikationen einher. In den meisten Fällen sind die Ursachen und Risikofaktoren noch unbekannt. Ein lizensierter Impfstoff ist noch nicht verfügbar. Die Diagnostik der EBV-Primärinfektion kann durch unklare serologische Befunde erschwert sein, ist aber von großer Bedeutung, um akute Komplikationen und Spätfolgen eindeutig zuordnen und rechtzeitig korrekt behandeln zu können.
Nodular Hidradenoma of the Lower Limb in a Young Female Impersonating as Sebaceous Cyst
Authors: Shetty Archana , Gnanadev Praveen , Gaffoor Nidha , Murali Nirupama 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAdnexal tumors possess a remarkable capacity for morphological diversity and often present with nonspecific clinical presentations. Definitive diagnosis is made on histopathology with categorization based on the predominant morphological component. We present a case of a 31-year-old woman, with a swelling in the upper one-third of the right leg suspected clinically to be an infected sebaceous cyst. Histopathological examination clinched the diagnosis of a nodular hidradenoma. We wish to present this case not only for its uncommon clinical presentation but also for the diverse spectrum of histomorphological features that can be exhibited by this tumor. The case also emphasizes to surgeons the importance of complete surgical resection given the chances of recurrence and rare cases of malignant transformation associated with this entity.
Heparin: The Journey from Parenteral Agent to Nasal Delivery
Authors: Carpenè Giovanni , Negrini Davide , Lippi Giuseppe , Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Montagnana Martina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough the worldwide usage of direct oral anticoagulants has continuously increased over the past decade, heparin remains an important weapon in the current arsenal of anticoagulant drugs. Parenteral heparin administration (i.e., either intravenously or subcutaneously) has represented for decades the only possible route for generating a significant anticoagulant effect, although being notoriously associated with some important drawbacks such as discomfort and risk of low compliance, thus paving the way to searching for more amenable means of administration. We provide here an updated analysis of animal and human studies that have explored the feasibility, suitability, and efficiency of heparin administration through the unconventional nasal route, as a possible alternative to the more traditional parenteral injection. The major hurdles that contribute to impair intranasal absorption and systemic delivery of heparin are represented by its relatively high molecular weight and negative charge. Therefore, although pure drug administration would not be associated with efficient nasal adsorption, or by systemic biological activity (i.e., anticoagulant effect), the combination of low molecular weight heparins and absorption enhancers such as surfactants, mucoadhesive, cyclodextrins, polyethylenimines and encapsulation into (nano)carriers seems effective to at least partially improve drug transport through the nasal route and allow systemic delivery in animals. Besides generating anticoagulant effects, intranasal heparin administration can also produce local pleiotropic effects, mostly related to anti-inflammatory properties, such as attenuating airway allergic inflammation or inhibiting the binding of the spike protein of some coronaviruses (including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) to their host cell receptors. This preliminary evidence represents a valuable premise for planning future studies in humans aimed at establishing the pharmacokinetics and biological activity of locally and systemically delivered intranasal heparin formulations.
Loperamide-Induced Ventricular Tachycardia Storm
Authors: Giesing William , Koester Cameron , Al-Akchar Mohammad , Kulkarni Abhishek , Labedi Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLoperamide is an over-the-counter antilaxative medication with minor opioid properties. For this reason, it has recently become a drug of concern for the Food and Drug Administration due to its potential for abuse. In addition, further apprehension pertaining to its over-the-counter availability has developed due to the recent increase in reported cases of loperamide overdose or prolonged use leading to arrhythmias. We described a rare case of loperamide-induced ventricular tachycardia storm.
Numerical simulation and experimental verification of a valveless piezoelectric pump based on heteromorphic symmetric bluff body
Authors: Jiang Haichen , Hou Yi , Hu Renhui , Hu Dianbin , He Lipeng , Cheng Guangming 
Published: June 2022

To improve the output performance of valveless piezoelectric pumps, this paper designed a heteromorphic symmetrical bluff body based on the Karman vortex street principle, to optimize the flow direction and velocity of the liquid. The bluff body dome height, trapezoidal unilateral angle, and rounded corner structure height at different dimensional parameters and their relationship with the pump performance were studied. The pump pressure in both positive and negative directions was simulated and analyzed. At last, a prototype of the pump was made and the output performance was tested. The experimental results show that the maximum flow rate reaches 220.6 ml/min at 190 V, 45 Hz when the bluff body dome is 8 mm, the trapezoidal unilateral angle is 5°, and the rounded corner structure is 6 mm. Moreover, when the driving voltage is 190 V and the driving frequency is 130 Hz, the maximum output pressure reaches 670 Pa.
Historical retention, progressive nation, or the eye of the beholder?
Authors: Anderwald Lieselotte 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article investigates the time-depth of three groups of present-day morphological Americanisms: past participle gotten, new strong verbs (dove, snuck), and regularized verbs (burned, learned, dreamed). Relating corpus-linguistic evidence to metalinguistic comments shows that even if the divergence from British English started in the nineteenth century, this was often not noticed or commented on; besides, the dominant discourse in nineteenth-century America was one of legitimizing American forms by referring to British parallels. In all cases, myth building (of American English as more innovative, or American English as more conservative) only happened after the fact, and is largely a twentieth-century development; prescriptive sources were thus not instrumental in actively dissociating American English from British English in the 1800s.
Grammar, text type, and diachrony as factors influencing complement choice in historical American English1
Authors: Tyrkkö Jukka , Rudanko Juhani 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A key task in the study of the system of English predicate complementation is to account for the variation between to infinitive and gerundial complements of verbs and adjectives in recent English. This chapter examines to infinitive and to ‑ing complements of the adjective accustomed, with data from the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA), in order to assess the impact of factors of different types on the variation in question. The grammatical factors are the Extraction and Choice Principles, and attention is also paid to the possible role of insertions. Following a discussion of the key theoretical concepts and a description of the primary data, a logistic regression model is used to analyse the role of independent variables on complement selection of the adjective accustomed.
“Gems of elocution and humour”
Authors: Dossena Marina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Recommended usage of linguistic forms has often been based on ideological tenets, such as in the case of early American English, when attention was paid to its patriotic value. Ideology is found in grammars, dictionaries, and in other more popular genres, the relatively low cost of which made them accessible also to minimally-schooled audiences.
The aim of this study is to highlight some significant features of the latter group of materials, in order to see how American distinctiveness was emphasized and placed in a specific historical context; examples taken from literary sources may prove of particular interest, in order to assess the indebtedness of those books to European and/or American traditions and to outline some of the connections existing between cultural attitudes and normativity.
Dialects as a mirror of historical trajectories
Authors: Tagliamonte Sali A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A multi-year project on dialects in Ontario, Canada demonstrates how synchronic variation mirrors historical trajectories of change. Three linguistic features are examined, come vs. came, adjectives of smallness and 3rd person male referents. Using quantitative methods and a comparative sociolinguistic approach, I demonstrate how these features vary by geographical location, date of birth and social and linguistic factors. Some features are stable, providing a foundation of constancy. Other features are changing but are distinguished by locale. Changes are advancing most vigorously in the urban centre, while conservative variants persist in peripheral locations. The results highlight how synchronic dialect data can expose diachronic trends in contemporary English and provide a window on earlier varieties.
Uniqueness of a spherically symmetric refractive index from modified transmission eigenvalues
Authors: Gintides Drossos , Pallikarakis Nikolaos , Stratouras Kyriakos 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the present work we study the modified transmission eigenvalue problem for the case of the spherically symmetric refractive index. This problem occurs as a modification of the classic transmission eigenvalue problem for a fixed wavenumber, by introducing a new spectral parameter. We prove the existence of infinite and discrete eigenvalues using asymptotic expressions and monotonicity properties of the characteristic functions. Next, we define the inverse spectral problem of determining the refractive index from the knowledge of modified transmission eigenvalues. We show that one eigenvalue corresponding to each characteristic function is sufficient to uniquely determine the fraction of the boundary Cauchy data. The knowledge of these data, in combination with a Dirichlet-to-Neumann mapping property allows us to establish uniqueness for the inverse problem.
The impacts of sidewall passivation via atomic layer deposition on GaN-based flip-chip blue mini-LEDs
Authors: Lai Shouqiang , Lin Wansheng , Chen Jinlan , Lu Tingwei , Liu Shibiao , Lin Yi , Lu Yijun , Lin Yue , Chen Zhong , Kuo Hao-Chung , Guo Weijie , Wu Tingzhu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In order to investigate the photoelectric characteristics of 80 × 120 µm2 mini-light-emitting-diodes (mini-LEDs) with sidewall passivation by atomic layer deposition (ALD), this paper uses the techniques of spectrometer-based spectroradiometer and microscopic hyperspectral imaging (µ-HSI). The temperature-dependent electroluminescence is measured using a spectrometer-based spectroradiometer. By analyzing the rising parts of external quantum efficiency at room temperature with a two-level model, the difference of physical mechanisms between mini-LEDs with ALD and without ALD are determined. In addition, the thermal quenching indicates that the ALD sidewall passivation can enhance the temperature stability of the mini-LEDs. The ALD sidewall passivation also enhances the light extraction efficiency according to the theoretical calculation of transmittance. Moreover, the µ-HSI technique is used to evaluate different local areas of mini-LEDs. The obtained results reveal the optimization on lateral distribution of current density within the chip after sidewall passivation.
Systematic 1D electric field induced second harmonic measurement on primary-to-secondary transition phase of positive streamer discharge in atmospheric-pressure air
Authors: Inada Yuki , Shioda Tatsutoshi , Nakamura Ryosuke , Maeyama Mitsuaki , Kumada Akiko , Nakamura Shin , Ono Ryo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The electric field induced second harmonic generation (E-FISH) technique has been widely utilized for the electric field measurement of atmospheric-pressure nonthermal plasmas. However, the measurement accuracy has not been quantified. Further, the E-FISH signal generation that is necessary to the evaluation of the measurement accuracy has been formulated only for the probe laser beam focused by a spherical lens and not for the cylindrical lens. Here, the E-FISH method utilizing the focusing cylindrical lens was studied for accurate one-dimensional (1D) electric field measurement of the primary-to-secondary transition phase of a single-filament positive streamer discharge generated in atmospheric-pressure air. A combination of numerical analysis and the E-FISH signal measurement was used to establish the radial distribution of the electric field vectors and the accompanying measurement accuracy. The E-FISH methodology captured a distinct evolution in the 1D electric field varying over timescales of

∼

1

ns and length scales of 100 µm. At the instant when the primary streamer arrived at the cathode, the electric field at 3 mm above the cathode surface was found to be as high as 225 Td, while the field at 10 mm above the cathode surface was as low as 5 Td. At the final stage of the primary-to-secondary transition phase completed in 3 ns from the primary streamer arrival at the cathode, the electric field at 3 mm above the cathode was found to be lower than that observed at 10 mm from the cathode; this finding is consistent with predictions made based on a previous model describing the initiation of the secondary streamer discharge and previously published electron density measurement.