bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESM1/VEGFα/ERK signaling axis augments cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis in human cervical squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Yugang , Li Dan , Yao Li , Yu Dan , Wang Li , Tang Xian-bin , Su Xiao-min 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground Aberrant expression of endothelial cell specific molecule 1 (ESM1) is frequent in the carcinogenesis of various neoplasms. However, the expression profile and prognostic value of ESM1 in CSCC remain ill-defined. Methods Human specimens were utilized to investigate the expression of ESM1 in normal cervical tissue, LSIL, HSIL, and CSCC samples by IHC and RT-qPCR assay. And, it was further validated and explored in CSCC based on GEO and TCGA datasets. Then, genomic enrichment analysis (GSEA) andin vitroexperiments of human CSCC cell lines, including SiHa and ME-180, were applied to probe the potential molecular mechanisms of ESM1 in CSCC. Results In human samples, the ESM1 was hyper-expressed in CSCC, compared with the normal ones. Combined with TCGA and GEO, it further revealed that ESM1 was significantly overexpressed and related to dismal prognosis in CSCC patients. And, GSEA analysis showed that the tumor angiogenesis and the VEGFα signaling pathway were mostly enriched in CSCC patients with ESM1 high expression. Then, thein vitroexperiment suggested that interference of ESM1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and enhanced apoptosis, resulting in the reduction of VEGFα expression and the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 (P-VEGFR2) and ERK-1/2 (P-ERK-1/2) in SiHa and ME-180 cells. Conclusions ESM1 is notably overexpressed in CSCC patients. Overexpression of ESM1 predicts an adverse prognosis of CSCC. Overexpressed ESM1 augments tumor angiogenesis and progression of CSCC via the VEGFα/ERK signaling pathway. Thus, ESM1 and related genes may serve as promising prognostic biomarkers or candidate therapeutic targets for CSCC patients.
Virtual reality in medical emergencies training: benefits, perceived stress, and learning success
Authors: Mühling Tobias , Späth Isabelle , Backhaus Joy , Milke Nathalie , Oberdörfer Sebastian , Meining Alexander , Latoschik Marc Erich , König Sarah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Medical graduates lack procedural skills experience required to manage emergencies. Recent advances in virtual reality (VR) technology enable the creation of highly immersive learning environments representing easy-to-use and affordable solutions for training with simulation. However, the feasibility in compulsory teaching, possible side effects of immersion, perceived stress, and didactic benefits have to be investigated systematically. VR-based training sessions using head-mounted displays alongside a real-time dynamic physiology system were held by student assistants for small groups followed by debriefing with a tutor. In the pilot study, 36 students rated simulation sickness. In the main study, 97 students completed a virtual scenario as active participants (AP) and 130 students as observers (OBS) from the first-person perspective on a monitor. Participants completed questionnaires for evaluation purposes and exploratory factor analysis was performed on the items. The extent of simulation sickness remained low to acceptable among participants of the pilot study. In the main study, students valued the realistic environment and guided practical exercise. AP perceived the degree of immersion as well as the estimated learning success to be greater than OBS and proved to be more motivated post training. With respect to AP, the factor “sense of control” revealed a typical inverse U-shaped relationship to the scales “didactic value” and “individual learning benefit”. Summing up, curricular implementation of highly immersive VR-based training of emergencies proved feasible and found a high degree of acceptance among medical students. This study also provides insights into how different conceptions of perceived stress distinctively moderate subjective learning success.
Identification of the regulatory network and potential markers for type 2 diabetes mellitus related to internal exposure to metals in Chinese adults
Authors: Wang Yue , Shi Peng , Zhao Chenkai , Shi Jingang , Qi Zhipeng , Xu Senhao , Wang Xue , Su Ni , Gao Zijian , Zhu Jinghai , He Miao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
People intake metals from their environment. This study investigated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) related to internal exposure to metals and attempted to identify possible biomarkers. A total of 734 Chinese adults were enrolled and urinary levels of 10 metals were measured. Multinomial logistic regression model was used to assess the association between metals and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and T2DM. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein–protein interaction (PPI) were used to explore the pathogenesis of T2DM related to metals. After adjustment, lead (Pb) was positively associated with IFG (odds ratio [OR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.61) and T2DM (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01–1.98), but cobalt (Co) was negatively associated with IFG (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.95). Transcriptome analysis showed 69 target genes involved in the Pb-target network of T2DM. GO enrichment indicated the target genes are enriched mainly in the biological process category. KEGG enrichment indicated Pb exposure leads to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, lipid and atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance. Moreover, there is alteration of four key pathways, and six algorithms were used to identify 12 possible genes in T2DM related to Pb. SOD2 and ICAM1 show strong similarity in expression, suggesting a functional correlation between these key genes. This study reveals that SOD2 and ICAM1 may be potential targets of Pb exposure-induced T2DM and provides novel insight into the biological effects and underlying mechanism of T2DM related to internal exposure to metals in the Chinese population.
Extremely hot East Asia and flooding western South Asia in the summer of 2022 tied to reversed flow over Tibetan Plateau
Authors: He Chao , Zhou Tianjun , Zhang Lixia , Chen Xiaolong , Zhang Wenxia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In the summer (July and August) of 2022, unprecedented heat wave occurred along the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) over East Asia while unprecedented flood occurred over western South Asia (WSA), which are located on the eastern and western sides of Tibetan Plateau (TP). Here, based on observational and reanalysis data, we show evidences that the anomalous zonal flow over subtropical Tibetan Plateau (TP) explains a major fraction of the interannual climate variability over these two regions and the extreme events occurred in 2022. As the upper troposphere over TP is a warm center in summer, anomalous easterly (westerly) flow over TP generates anomalous descent (ascent) on the eastern side of TP and anomalous ascent (descent) on the western side of TP via isentropic gliding. The anomalous easterly flow is extremely strong to reverse the climatological westerly flow over subtropical TP in 1994, 2006, 2013 and 2022. The easterly flow in 2022 is the strongest since 1979, and it generates unprecedented descent (ascent) anomaly on the eastern (western) side of TP, leading to extreme heat wave over YRV and extreme flood over the WSA in 2022. The anomalously strong easterly flow over subtropical TP in 2022 is dominated by internal atmospheric variability related to mid-latitude wave train, while the cold sea surface temperature anomaly over the tropical Indian Ocean increases its strength and the probability of a reversed zonal flow, by reducing the meridional gradient of tropospheric temperature between the tropics and the mid-latitudes.
Cabotegravir – global access to long-acting pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV
Authors: Pepperrell Toby , Cross Samuel , Hill Andrew 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A novel injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis, cabotegravir, has greater efficacy and acceptability than oral TDF/FTC for prevention of HIV infection. Cabotegravir is currently priced at $22,200 per year, 370-times higher than the $60 estimated cost-effectiveness threshold for MICs. Following civil society pressure, ViiV agreed access to generic versions in 90 countries with the Medicines Patent Pool (MPP), including all African nations. However, several MICs outside Africa have rapidly growing HIV epidemics. We analysed the ViiV-MPP deal to assess population covered and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. There were 38 countries excluded from the ViiV-MPP deal despite having a GDP per Capita lower than the highest earning African country. These countries include 2.4 billion people (30% global population), with an incidence of 122 thousand (8%). For cabotegravir to have a significant impact on HIV infections, millions will need to be treated at affordable prices in a wide range of countries.
Low Barthel index score is a poor prognostic factor for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Geng Chuanying , Yang Guangzhong , Zhou Huixing , Wang Huijuan , Li Yanchen , Leng Yun , Zhang Zhiyao , Jian Yuan , Chen Wenming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: The basic activities of daily life may affect the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) patients and the Barthel index (BI) is currently the most widely used tool to evaluate basic activities of daily life, but few studies have evaluated its prognostic value in MM.
Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with newly diagnosed MM and analyzed the association between the BI and the survival of newly diagnosed MM patients.
Results: We totally analyzed 538 patients and found that median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were significantly shorter in the low BI (≤85) group compared with the high BI (>85) group. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the low BI was associated with shorter OS and PFS. It was also confirmed that the low BI was poor prognostic factor for OS and PFS in multivariable analyses. In the propensity score matching analysis, patients with low BI also had shorter OS and PFS.
Conclusion: Our study suggested that the low BI was a poor prognostic factor for patients with newly diagnosed MM.
A Combined Covariance Analysis and Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Protection Methodology for Discrimination of Uncertain and Asymmetrical/Symmetrical Events
Authors: Ülker Fevzeddin , Küçüker Ahmet 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Distributed energy resources (DERs) such as wind turbines and solar panels have fluctuating power generation profile. Also, uncertainty of DERs & loads can bring about complexity in functioning of protection for Microgrids (MGs). Thus, the operation of classical protection methods used in distribution networks may fail for MGs. In this context, this study presents a new protection methodology for discriminating between uncertain and asymmetrical / symmetrical events in MG. A detection method using covariance analysis of wavelet transform (CAWT) and a classification method based on fuzzy logic controller (FLC) using this analysis are presented. The proposed methods are evaluated under various conditions, including fault resistance, fault inception angle, and fault location. Furthermore, variation of solar irradiance levels and source strength has been taken into consideration to validate the performance of the proposed protection methodology. An advantage of the proposed methodology is that the relationship among phases using a covariance analysis proves the presence of the fault. Another advantage is that the discrimination between uncertain and ASF&SF events was discussed, and the faulted phase(s) was/were accurately identified through FLC. Besides, the efficiency of introduced CAWT&FLC-based methods was confirmed on MG configurations such as radial and mesh. In addition, the presented protection methodology became more efficient when combined with the detection of uncertain events.
Development and validation of non-invasive models in predicting advanced fibrosis of choledochal cyst
Authors: Chen Suyun , Yin Tong , Li Long , Diao Mei , Huang Ting 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Choledochal cyst patients (CDCs) develop liver fibrosis, especially advanced fibrosis without prompt surgery. This study validated the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to- platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and constructed a model for predicting advanced fibrosis in pediatric CDCs.
Methods
330 CDCs (advanced fibrosis: 34, Ludwig staging 3-4; non-advanced fibrosis: 296, Ludwig staging 0-2) between January 2020 and March 2022 were reviewed. The APRI and FIB-4 were validated. Relevant variables were analyzed by backward stepwise logistic regression. Enhanced bootstrap method was used for internal verification with 1000 samples.
Results
Mean age at operation was 29.42 ± 35.15 months. The AUROCs of APRI and FIB-4 were 0.761 (0.673-0.850) and 0.561 (p = 0.246). An index, APAR (AST to prealbumin ratio), was constructed with AUROC of 0.776 (0.693-0.860). The AUROCs of APAR + APRI and APAR + FIB-4 were 0.791 (0.713-0.869) and 0.782 (0.699-0.865). No significant differences were in the AUROCs of the indices or their combinations. APAR and APRI could be used together to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis. The risk of advanced fibrosis varied from the different APAR and APRI scores.
Conclusion
Both APAR and APRI were crucial to identify patients at high risk of advanced fibrosis for CDC.
W-band Low-Loss Eight-way Radial-Waveguide Power Divider Based on Coaxial Mode Transition
Authors: Song Kaijun , Zhu Lijuan , Li Qian , Fan Yong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A W-band eight-way radial-waveguide power divider with low insertion loss and high power-combining efficiency has been proposed in this paper. The coaxial waveguide has been utilized in the eight-way radial-waveguide power divider as a transition from the rectangular waveguide to radial waveguide. The structure of the coaxial mode transition from the rectangular waveguide to radial waveguide is simple and its electrical length is much shorter than others’ mode transition, which results a low insertion loss and high power power-combining efficiency. The microwave signal was input from the rectangular waveguide (TE10 mode) and transmitted to the radial waveguide (cylindrical TEM mode) through the coaxial waveguide (TEM mode). Finally, the signal in radial waveguide is divided into eight ways with equal power and equal phase by the eight output standard rectangular waveguide. To verify the presented power divider, a W-band eight-way power divider is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that, over the frequency range from 82GHz to 110GHz, the measured input return loss is greater than 15dB, the measured average insertion loss are about 9.4 ± 0.5dB, the phase imbalance is about ± 5°, and the power-combining efficiency is about 91%.
Urban water systems as entry points for river plastic pollution
Authors: Tasseron Paolo , Begemann Finn , Joosse Nonna , Ploeg Martine van der , Driel Joppe van , Emmerik Tim van 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Accumulation of plastic in aquatic environments negatively impacts ecosystems and human livelihood. Urban areas are assumed to the main source of plastic pollution in these environments, because of high anthropogenic activity. Yet, the drivers of plastic emissions, abundance and retention within these systems and subsequent transport to river systems is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that urban water systems function as major contributors to river plastic pollution, and explore the potential driving factors contributing to the transport dynamics. Monthly visual counting of floating litter at six outlets of the Amsterdam water system results in an estimated 2.7 million items to enter the closely connected IJ river annually, ranking it among the most polluting systems measured in the Netherlands and Europe. Subsequent analyses of environmental drivers (including rainfall, sunlight, wind speed and tidal regimes) and litter flux showed no strong correlations (r = -0.19 - 0.16), implying additional investigation of potential drivers is required. High frequency observations at various locations within the urban water system and advanced monitoring using novel technologies could be explored to harmonize and automate monitoring. Once litter type and abundance are well-defined with a clear origin, communication of the results with local communities and stakeholders could help co-develop solutions and stimulate behavioural change geared to reduce plastic pollution in urban environments.
Down-regulation of ABHD2 Gene Induced Emphysema by Accelerating Triglyceride Deposition
Authors: Sang Xi-Qiao , Li Zhi-Heng , Qiang Li-Xia , Lv Mei-Yu , Li Xiang-Shun , Sun Jing , Zhang Yue-Peng , Chen Xue-Da , Jin Shou-De 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Abstract
Background: The α/β-hydrolase domain 2 (ABHD2) genes which was expressed in the alveolar type II cells (AT-II cells) have been identified as down-regulated genes in human emphysematous lungs. Meanwhile, ABHD2 is considered a triacylglycerol lipase. We investigated how the ABHD2 gene is involved in the development of emphysema by affecting lipid metabolism.
Methods: We treated A549 cells (whose biological characteristics were similar to those of AT-II cells) with/without ABHD2 knockdown at 0,50,100umol/L palmitic acid (PA). The cells were stained by Oil Red O, probe DCFH-DA, Annexin V-FITC/PI. The contents of intracellular triglyceride, MDA, Caspase-3 activity and cell viability were determined. We analyzed of C57BL6 and Abhd2 knockdown mice at different ages. The triglyceride, cholesterol and MDA level in mouse serum were measured. The contents of triglyceride, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Caspase-3 activity in mouse lung tissues were determined. The lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Oil Red O and TUNEL.
Results: We found that there were excessive deposition of triglyceride, lipid peroxidation, decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in the cells with ABHD2 knockdown, showing lipid toxicity. At the same time, ABHD2 knockdown aggravates the lipid toxicity induced by PA in the A549 cells. ABHD2 deficiency resulted in abnormal lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation in serum of mice. Meanwhile, these mice developed spontaneous gradual progression of emphysema, due to abnormal lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and enhanced apoptosis in lung tissues of ABHD2 knockdown mice.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ABHD2 knockdown can induce emphysema by accelerating triglyceride deposition.
Keywords: ABHD2 knockdown, Emphysema, ATGL, Triglyceride Deposition, lipid toxicity
Evaluation of antibiotics and clinical outcomes along with various other Factors in critically ill intensive care unit patients
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Khan Quratulain , Jamal Muhammad , Gul Sabiha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Intensive care units (ICUs) are special hospital wards that provide desired treatment and close monitoring of patients who are critically ill. Drug Utilization Reviews (DUR) is an authorized, structured, ongoing review of patient medication to ensure appropriate and rational medication use to yield positive outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antibiotics and clinical outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. This study was cross sectional retrospective (cohort), descriptive and clinical study including patients admitted in ICU of tertiary care hospitals.A total 400 patients (Male 53%) and (Female 47%) were admitted in ICU were analyzed in this study. Majority of patients were from age group between 41 to 60 years i.e. 50.2%. Patients evaluated in this study were suffering from many diseases and comorbidities majorly including respiratory, infectious, nephrology and urology diseases. Antibiotics, majorly penicillins were administered to 185 (46.2%) patients, flouroquinolones 162 (40.5%), cephalosporins 287 (71.8%), carbapenems 102 (25.5%), vancomycin 61 (15.2%) and metronidazole 217 (54.2%) patients. Total 52 (12.5%) patients underwent Culture sensitivity test. Significant drug-drug interactions were seen in 64% patients. High mortality rate (72.8%) was seen in this study. It was observed that presence of NI and lack of CST enhanced mortality rate. CST is very important regarding choice of ICU patient’s antibiotic therapy.Current study identified factors affecting the clinical outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality in the ICU patients. Antibiotics are prescribed in ICU abundantly. Due to presence of drug-drug interactions, nosocomial infections, comorbidities, not having culture sensitivity test (CST) and adverse reactions mortality rate was enhanced. Pharmacist led medication review will help in avoiding all these issues.
A Catastrophic Implant Failure After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Özer Hamza , Ahmadov Asim , Ozel Tayfun , Selek Hakan Yusuf , Senol Mehmet 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wear of metallic surfaces after total knee arthroplasty is uncommon. In this case, we report a catastrophic failure of the knee prosthesis in a 60-year-old male patient who had undergone total knee prosthesis 7 years prior to his admission to our clinic. Genu recurvatum was observed in the affected knee. Surgical exploration of the knee showed wear of the polyethylene insert accompanied by metallic tibial component abrasion of the posterior-cruciate-retaining total knee prosthesis (Maxim, Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA). Single-stage revision was performed, and a new total knee prosthesis was implanted (Legion, Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN, USA). Postoperative examination showed improved stability and correction of recurvatum of the affected knee and follow-up examination showed improved weight bearing ability and better overall functional outcome.
Numerical investigation on diffusion length, suspending time, and forces acting on COVID-19 virus particles in an indoor environment
Authors: Dehaghi Mahdi Bagherian , Shams Mehrzad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to study two-dimensional CFD simulations of the COVID-19 virus two-phase flow in steady air with the Euler-Lagrange method. This was accomplished by developing CFD programs in MATLAB and simulations in COMSOL software. Brownian, drag, Saffman, and weight forces are considered for studying the dynamics of virus flow. In order to study the motion of viruses, Brownian, drag forces, and the weight of viruses play an important role. In this study, three different diameters of virus particles were considered, with three different initial conditions and three different initial velocities. The diffusion length and suspending time of viruses in the air have been computed in each of the nine states.
Phenology and Stem Growth Dynamics of Betula Pendula Roth. In the Spanish Pyrenees.
Authors: Montero Xavier Castells , Merino Emilia Gutiérrez 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We established Silver birch phenology in the Pyrenees. We highlight real evapotranspiration as the main driver and the altitudinal effect within a north-south phenological pattern.