bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triage by PAX1 and ZNF582 Methylation in Women With Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3: A Multicenter Case–Control Study
Authors: Fu Kun , Lei Ming , Wu Li-Sha , Shi Jing-Cheng , Yang Si-Yu , Yang Wen-Qing , Xu Jin-Yun , Kang Ya-Nan , Yang Zhen-Ying , Zhang Xuan , Huang Kang-Ni , Han Chi , Tian Yan , Zhang Yu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
The colposcopy-conization inconsistency is common in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3). No adequate method has been reported to identify the final pathology of conization. In this study, we explored the ability of PAX1 and ZNF582 methylation to predict the pathological outcome of conization in advance.

Methods
This was a multicenter study and included 277 histologically confirmed CIN3 women who underwent cold knife conization (CKC) from January 2019 to December 2020. The methylation levels of PAX1 (PAX1m) and ZNF582 (ZNF582m) were determined by quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSP) and expressed in ΔCp. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate predictive accuracy.

Results
The final pathological results in 48 (17.33%) patients were inflammation or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 190 (68.59%) were high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 39 (14.08%) were squamous cervical cancer (SCC). PAX1m and ZNF582m increased as lesions progressed from inflammation/LSIL, HSIL, to SCC. PAX1 and ZNF582 methylation yielded better prediction performance compared with common screening strategies, whether individually or combined. A 4.33-fold increase in the probability of inflammation/LSIL was observed in patients with lower ZNF582 methylation levels (ΔCpZNF582 ≥ 19.18). A 6.53-fold increase in SCC risk was observed in patients with elevated ZNF582 methylation (ΔCpZNF582 &lt; 7.09).

Conclusions
DNA methylation would be an alternative screening method to triage and predict the final outcome of conization in CIN3 cases.
Phase I Study Evaluating Dose De-escalation of Sorafenib with Metformin and Atorvastatin in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (SMASH)
Authors: Ostwal Vikas , Ramaswamy Anant , Gota Vikram , Bhargava Prabhat G , Srinivas Sujay , Shriyan Bharati , Jadhav Shraddha , Goel Mahesh , Patkar Shraddha , Mandavkar Sarika , Naughane Deepali , Daddi Anuprita , Nashikkar Chaitali , Shetty Nitin , Ankathi Suman Kumar , Banavali Shripad D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
This phase I dose de-escalation study aimed to assess the tolerability, safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficacy of sequentially decreasing doses of sorafenib in combination (SAM) with atorvastatin (A, 10 mg) and metformin (M, 500 mg BD) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
Patients were enrolled in 1 of 4 sequential cohorts (10 patients each) of sorafenib doses (800 mg, 600 mg. 400 mg, and 200 mg) with A and M. Progression from one level to the next was based on prespecified minimum disease stabilization (at least 4/10) and upper limits of specific grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse events (TRAE).

Results
The study was able to progress through all 4 dosing levels of sorafenib by the accrual of 40 patients. Thirty-eight (95%) patients had either main portal vein thrombosis or/and extra-hepatic disease. The most common grade 3-5 TRAEs were hand-foot-syndrome (grade 2 and grade 3) in 3 (8%) and transaminitis in 2 (5%) patients, respectively. The plasma concentrations of sorafenib peaked at 600 mg dose, and the concentration threshold of 2400 ng/mL was associated with higher odds of achieving time to exposure (TTE) concentrations &gt;75% centile (odds ratio [OR] = 10.0 [1.67-44.93]; P = .01). The median overall survival for patients without early hepatic decompensation (n = 31) was 8.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2-14.5 months).

Conclusion
The SAM combination in HCC patients with predominantly unfavorable baseline disease characteristics showed a marked reduction in sorafenib-related side effects. Studies using sorafenib 600 mg per day in this combination along with sorafenib drug level monitoring can be evaluated in further trials.
(Trial ID: CTRI/2018/07/014865).
A bipartite chromatophore transit peptide and N-terminal protein processing in the Paulinella chromatophore
Authors: Oberleitner Linda , Perrar Andreas , Macorano Luis , Huesgen Pitter F , Nowack Eva C M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The amoeba Paulinella chromatophora contains photosynthetic organelles, termed chromatophores, which evolved independently from plastids in plants and algae. At least one-third of the chromatophore proteome consists of nucleus-encoded (NE) proteins that are imported across the chromatophore double envelope membranes. Chromatophore-targeted proteins exceeding 250 amino acids (aa) carry a conserved N-terminal extension presumably involved in protein targeting, termed the chromatophore transit peptide (crTP). Short imported proteins do not carry discernable targeting signals. To explore whether the import of proteins is accompanied by their N-terminal processing, here we identified N-termini of 208 chromatophore-localized proteins by a mass spectrometry-based approach. Our study revealed extensive N-terminal acetylation and proteolytic processing in both NE and chromatophore-encoded (CE) fractions of the chromatophore proteome. Mature N-termini of 37 crTP-carrying proteins were identified, of which 30 were cleaved in a common processing region. Surprisingly, only the N-terminal ∼50 aa (part 1) become cleaved upon import. This part contains a conserved adaptor protein-1 complex-binding motif known to mediate protein sorting at the trans-Golgi network followed by a predicted transmembrane helix, implying that part 1 anchors the protein co-translationally in the endoplasmic reticulum and mediates trafficking to the chromatophore via the Golgi. The C-terminal part 2 contains conserved secondary structural elements, remains attached to the mature proteins, and might mediate translocation across the chromatophore inner membrane. Short imported proteins remain largely unprocessed. Finally, this work illuminates N-terminal processing of proteins encoded in an evolutionary-early-stage organelle and suggests host-derived posttranslationally acting factors involved in regulation of the CE chromatophore proteome.
The Emerging Digital Twin Bureaucracy in the 21st Century
Authors: Eom Seok-Jin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWith the expansion of digital transformation based on new technologies, the digital twin bureaucracy (DTB) emerges as a distinct type of 21st-century bureaucracy. The digital twin bureaucracy is defined as a digital replica of the bureaucracy in the physical world. Although the digital twin is formed based on new information and communication technology and physical bureaucracy data, it will control the physical bureaucracy through autonomous decision-making on matters of public affairs. Feedback from the physical world serve as input and update to the digital twin in this cyclical course of interactions. This study explores the technological figures and benefits of the digital twin bureaucracy based on a case analysis of the Sejong City Digital Twin Project in South Korea. It also compares the characteristics of the DTB and those of Max Weber’s “ideal-type” bureaucracy. Based on this theoretical and empirical analysis, the paper presents the challenges and concerns of building the DTB.
IMPACT OF RADIATION FIELD SIZE ON ABSORBED ORGAN DOSES IN NEONATES UNDERGOING CHEST RADIOGRAPHY IN AN ANTERIOR–POSTERIOR PROJECTION: A MONTE CARLO SIMULATION STUDY
Authors: Elshami Wiam , Tekin H O , Abuzaid Mohamed M , Issa Bashar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Electronic image cropping and poor collimation practices are used by some radiographers during paediatric radiography. Advantages of collimation should be investigated to disseminate convenient use among radiographers and create awareness. The aim of this study was to use Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the extent of the effect of collimation on the absorbed organ dose in neonates undergoing anterior–posterior chest examination. The minimum field size recommended by the European guidelines was calculated experimentally using a neonate phantom. A PCXMC version 2.0 simulation calculated the organ and effective doses at the minimum field size and at different field sizes. Increasing the field size by 1 cm in the head-to-feet direction increases the dose to the urinary bladder and prostate, whereas increasing the field size by 1 cm on all sides increases the dose to the upper limbs, ovaries, testicles and prostate. The use of an optimal field size reduces organ doses for neonates undergoing chest X-ray. Cropping X-ray images to reduce unnecessarily large field sizes results in unnecessary patient dosages and should be avoided. The primary beam should be restricted to expose only the area of interest, and image cropping should be discouraged.
Exposure to aristolochic acid I is associated with poor prognosis of liver cancer patients
Authors: Wang Lan , Bai Shi-Hao , Song Shu-Jin , Lu Zhao-Ning , Huang Jian , Han Ze-Guang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The aristolochic acids (AAs), derived from Aristolochia and Asarum species used widely in herbal medicines, are closely associated with liver cancer. The major AA derivatives are aristolochic acid I (AAI) and II (AAII), which can bind DNA covalently to form AA-DNA adducts after metabolic activation in vivo. Among all these AA-DNA adducts, 7-(deoxyadenosine-N6-yl) aristolactam I (dA-AL-I) is the most abundant and persistent DNA lesion in patients. However, the direct evidence indicating AA exposure in human liver cancer is still missing. Here, we analyzed dA-AL-I adduct, the direct biomarker of AAI exposure, by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQ/MS) in 209 liver cancer patients. Also, DNA samples from mice treated with/without AAI were used as positive and negative controls. dA-AL-I adduct was present in 110 of 209 (52.6%) patients, indicating that these patients were exposed to AAI prior to their clinical investigations and also had a worse prognosis. The relative high AA exposure rate and worse prognosis in our cohort of patients emphasize the significance to increase public awareness to avoid the use of herbal medicine containing AAs or their derivatives.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children
Authors: Önal Pınar , Kılınç Ayşe Ayzıt , Aygün Fatma Deniz , Aygün Fatih , Durak Cansu , Akkoç Gülşen , Ağbaş Ayşe , Elevli Murat , Çokuğraş Haluk 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Predictors of early diagnosis and severe infection in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has killed more than 4 million people worldwide, have not been identified. However, some biomarkers, including cytokines and chemokines, are associated with the diagnosis, pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19 in adults. We examined whether such biomarkers can be used to predict the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. Eighty-nine children were included in the study, comprising three patient groups of 69 patients (6 severe, 36 moderate and 27 mild) diagnosed with COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction observed for 2–216 months and clinical findings and 20 healthy children in the same age group. Hemogram, coagulation, inflammatory parameters and serum levels of 16 cytokines and chemokines were measured in blood samples and were analyzed and compared with clinical data. Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) levels were significantly higher in the COVID-19 patients (p = 0.035, p = 0.006 and p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, D-dimer and IP-10 levels were higher in the severe group (p = 0.043 for D-dimer, area under the curve = 0.743, p = 0.027 for IP-10). Lymphocytes, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels were not diagnostic or prognostic factors in pediatric patients (p = 0.304, p = 0.144 and p = 0.67). Increased IL-1β, IL-12 and IP-10 levels in children with COVID-19 are indicators for early diagnosis, and D-dimer and IP-10 levels are predictive of disease severity. In children with COVID-19, these biomarkers can provide information on prognosis and enable early treatment.
Clinical Profile and Outcome Following Exchange Transfusion for Neonatal Jaundice in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Ramachandran Rajashree M , Srinivasan Ramesh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Phototherapy has reduced the need for exchange transfusion (ET) to manage jaundiced neonates. Hence there are concerns about increased risk of complication due to lack of opportunity to sustain skills in performing ET. We studied the complications and treatment outcomes of neonates treated for jaundice with ET.

Methodology
A retrospective observational study was conducted from June 2013 to June 2020 in a tertiary care hospital in India. All neonates treated with ET for jaundice were included.

Results
Twenty-eight neonates underwent 31 ET during the study period. Their mean gestational age and birth weight were 37 weeks and 3200 g, respectively. Predisposing factor for jaundice observed were Coomb’s positive status (11), hepatosplenomegaly suggesting hemolysis (3), cephalhematoma (2) and birth asphyxia (1). Abnormal neurological status before ET was seen in seven neonates. Adverse clinical events that happened during or within 8 h after ET were desaturation (4), tachycardia (3), tachypnea (2), bradycardia (2), shock (2) and temperature instability (2). One neonate developed acute kidney injury after ET and required peritoneal dialysis. Abnormal lab parameters observed during or within 8 h after ET were hypocalcemia (20), anemia (8), hypokalemia (7), hypernatremia (3), thrombocytopenia (3) and hyperkalemia (2). Post ET sepsis was seen in five neonates: two had only blood culture positive sepsis, two had bone and joint infection and one had liver abscess.

Conclusion
The neonates undergoing ET are at high risk of developing complications which may be life threatening. Hence careful monitoring during the procedure is needed.
A Surgical Alternative in the Treatment of Hypopharyngeal Perforation
Authors: Abboud Nicolas M. , Dziubek Melvin , Bogaert Svetlana , Ennaji Meriem , Spitaels Julien , Marron Mendes Vanessa , Fouarge Alessandro , Vander Kuylen Maarten , Cuylits Nicolas 
Published: January 2022

Summary:
Pharyngo-esophageal perforation is a rare, life-threatening complication of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery with an incidence estimated to be between 0.2 and 1.51%. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of this complication is the key to reduce morbidity and mortality, as the main prognostic factor is the interval between the onset of the fistula, diagnosis and treatment. Conservative management has shown encouraging results in small and localized defects, whereas surgical approaches using flaps are to be considered for most of the cases. However, there is no clear consensus on the first choice of treatment in esophageal perforation. This case report presents the use of a supra-clavicular fascio-cutaneous pedicled propeller flap as a patch combined to primary repair of a hypopharyngeal perforation, 10 years after anterior cervical spine arthrodesis.
Trigger points and sensitized acupoints: same book, different covers?
Authors: Sun Mingsheng , Yang Mingxiao , Rong Jing , Ma Xingsha , Zheng Hui , Cai Dingjun , Zhao Ling , Liang Fanrong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Acupoints and trigger points in traditional Chinese medicine represent two different minimally invasive therapy systems-based, respectively, on traditional acupuncture and dry needles. Many studies argue that trigger points and traditional acupoints are conceptually similar because they generally have identical locations on the human body. However, whether trigger points contribute to the formation of the traditional acupuncture technique is controversial. Although many relevant studies have been conducted, this controversy continues to hinder the development of both disciplines. Recently, researchers of Chinese acupuncture have proposed the “acupoint sensitization” theory, which postulates that traditional acupoints may be sensitized by diseases, environments, and therapies. This turns them into a “sensitized state.” Recent studies suggest that trigger points and sensitized acupoints share similar biological properties. To clarify the above-mentioned confusion, we reviewed relevant studies on these two concepts and attempted to analyze their relationship. In this paper, we provide a general summary of acupoint sensitization theory and sensitized acupoints. We then compare trigger points with sensitized acupoints by categorizing their similarities and differences, including location and range, pathological morphology, pain perception, surface temperature effects, and bioelectrical properties. We believe that, because trigger points and sensitized acupoints have many shared properties, they might constitute “the same book with different covers.”
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING OF RETINAL MACROPHAGE-LIKE CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE EVANESCENT WHITE DOT SYNDROME
Authors: Maltsev Dmitrii S. , Kulikov Alexei N. , Vasiliev Alexander S. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To analyze the changes of macrophage-like cells (MLCs) on the inner retinal surface associated with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome using optical coherence tomography.

Methods:
Four eyes of four patients with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome were examined and followed with multimodal imaging, including optical coherence tomography angiography, to visualize MLC on en face structural projections.

Results:
On en face structural optical coherence tomography angiography projection at presentation, all multiple evanescent white dot syndrome eyes showed a decrease of the nearest neighbor distance of MLC within the region of interest and an increase of MLC density in the perifovea compared with the fellow unaffected eye. Three eyes demonstrated protrusion of MLC into the vitreous. At 1 to 3 months of follow-up, nearest neighbor distance increased, and MLC density decreased to the level of the fellow unaffected eye along with regression of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome symptoms.

Conclusion:
Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome may be associated with increase of MLC population on the inner retinal surface, which can be tracked with clinical optical coherence tomography imaging.
RETINAL CHANGES IN PORETTI–BOLTSHAUSER SYNDROME: RETINA AS A WINDOW TO THE BRAIN
Authors: Parameswarappa Deepika C. , Sheth Jenil , Agarwal Komal 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:

LAMA 1 gene as a pathologic variant leading to cerebellar dysplasia and cysts, nonprogressive ataxia, language, and motor developmental delay without any muscular involvement was recently described as Poretti–Boltshauser syndrome (PBS). Ocular involvement is a common associated feature in this neurodegenerative disorder. In this case report, we describe the retinal changes associated with Poretti–Boltshauser syndrome.

Methods, Patient, and Results:
A 4-year-old female child presented with the progressive decreased vision for the past 6 to 8 months. Ophthalmic examination revealed mild myopia and ocular motor apraxia with retinal disruptions appearing as holes that were confined only to inner retinal layers. The child also had motor and speech developmental delays. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed vermis hypoplasia with cerebellar dysgenesis and multiple cystic spaces in both cerebellar hemispheres. Whole exome sequencing revealed a homozygous pathogenic variant of exon 2-63 deletion in the LAMA 1 gene, which was confirmatory for Poretti–Boltshauser syndrome.

Conclusion:
Oculomotor apraxia and retinal changes can lead to visual disturbances in Poretti–Boltshauser syndrome. Identification of these features and prompt rehabilitative measures can improve the quality of life of these children.
Determinants of Disclosure, Adherence and Viral Suppression in Children and Adolescents Living With HIV in Ecuador
Authors: García-Boyano Miguel , Chávez-Solórzano Nelly , Layana-Coronel Marianella , Soffe-Pazmiño Judith , Sarcos-Lindao Héctor , Solís-Montiel Dalton , Miño-León Greta 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Studies on HIV disclosure and adherence among children performed in Latin America are anecdotal. We aimed to assess the factors associated with HIV disclosure, adherence and viral suppression among Ecuadorian children and compare the psychologic consequences and the impact on adherence and viral suppression of early against late disclosure age.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study using a questionnaire and collected data on medical records of HIV-infected children between 6 and 21 years of age in Ecuador.

Results:
In 250 children included, HIV diagnosis was revealed at a median age of 11 years (p25-p75 9-12). Children 12 years old or older (P < 0.0001), 10 or more years since HIV diagnosis (P = 0.001), antiretroviral initiation above 3 years of age (P = 0.018) and decease of the mother (P = 0.048) were significantly associated with total disclosure in multivariate analysis. Profound sadness or anxiety was significantly more common when diagnosis was disclosed after 12 years of age (28.4%) than before (15.4%, P = 0.047). According to the simplified medication adherence questionnaire, 194 children (78.2%) were adherent to antiretroviral therapy and HIV-RNA viral load was undetectable in 168 (67.7%). In multivariate analysis, variables associated with nonadherence were age ≥14 years (P < 0.001), taking ≥3 daily antiretroviral pills (P = 0.013) and the presence of adverse effects (P < 0.001), whereas nonadherence (P = 0.001) was the only variable significantly associated with an unsuppressed HIV-RNA viral load.

Conclusions:
Although we failed to show that an earlier disclosure age is followed by better adherence outcomes, psychological outcomes did seem to improve, supporting disclosure before 12 years of age.
Exploring Health Literacy Categories in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Jiang SiXuan , Zhang Xiaonan , Li Xuedong , Li Yanting , Yang Weiling , Yao Ying , Fu Li , Zhao Man , Zang Xiaoying 
Published: January 2022

Background
Although a growing number of studies have demonstrated that patients' health literacy is associated with health outcomes, the exact relationship between them is not clear.

Aims and objectives
The aim of this study was to explore latent classes of health literacy in patients with heart failure and analyze the differences among different groups.

Design and Methods
This is a cross-sectional survey. Patients diagnosed with heart failure were selected from 3 tertiary hospitals in Tianjin, China, from March 2019 to November 2019. We measured patients' health literacy using the Health Literacy Scale for Chronic Patients. Latent class analysis was carried out based on the patients' Health Literacy Scale for Chronic Patients scores. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify the predictive indicators of the latent classes.

Results
The health literacy of patients with heart failure was divided into 3 different latent classes, named “high health literacy group,” “low literacy high dependence group,” and “moderate literacy high willingness group.” There were statistically significant differences in gender, age, smoking history, marital status, education level, household income level, and quality of life among different health literacy classes. Low education level and household income level predicted poor health literacy.

Conclusion
There were 3 latent classes for the health literacy of patients with heart failure. Different health literacy classes exhibited their own distinctive characteristics. Patients in the “moderate literacy high willingness group” had the worst quality of life. Understanding the specific types of health literacy in patients with heart failure facilitates targeted nursing interventions to improve their quality of life.