bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrete Element Method Simulation of Wheat Bulk Density as Affected by Grain Drop Height and Kernel Size Distribution
Authors: Petingco Marvin Carpena , Casada Mark E. , Maghirang Ronaldo G. , Thompson Sidney A. , Turner Aaron P. , McNeill Samuel G. , Montross Michael 
Published: May 2022

HighlightsThe predicted bulk density of two wheat varieties varied with drop height, similar to the experiments.The percentage composition of three kernel size fractions in the wheat varieties affected the bulk density.Accurate particle shape representation simulated the heap profile better but required longer computational time.The single-sphere model is more practical to use because of its higher accuracy and lower computational cost.Abstract. Grain bulk density varies widely depending on kernel properties and handling practices. The discrete element method (DEM) can model such behavior at the particle level, including wide-ranging interactions with equipment. The objective of this study was to develop a DEM model to predict wheat bulk density as affected by grain drop height and kernel size distribution. The bulk density of two wheat varieties was measured experimentally for a range of drop heights with a modified test weight per bushel apparatus and was simulated in EDEM v2018.1 using single-sphere and five-sphere particle models that accounted for three kernel size fractions. For both particle models, simulations matched the observed behavior, showing a bulk density increase with increasing drop height and bulk density differences between varieties due to different kernel size fractions. The single-sphere particle model predicted the bulk density with higher accuracy than the five-sphere particle model, while the five-sphere model, which more accurately represented the shape of wheat kernels, allowed better simulation of the heap profile at the cost of longer computation time. These particle models can be used to simulate bulk density of wheat under compaction and to improve prediction models of grain pack factor for wheat. Keywords: Bulk density, DEM, Drop height, Size distribution, Wheat.
Guided-mode resonance sensors: different schemes for different applications
Authors: Maleki Morteza , Mehran Mahdiyeh 
Published: May 2022

This work performs a quantitative comparison of different dielectric-based guided-mode resonance (D-GMR) sensors. To this end, diverse D-GMR structures are classified into three different classes, and their sensitivity (S) is compared to each other. For one of these classes in various schemes, the sensitivity is investigated for the TE and TM modes. Moreover, grating height effects are studied for different cases in this category, and analytical sensitivity equations are used as benchmarks. Then, the three classes are compared and, based on the numerical results and analytical equations, various applications are proposed for different structures in the refractive index (RI) of interest. Comparing our results to other recent works, we prove that the proposed classification leads to great sensing performances and the predictions are reliable. A comparison has been performed for methane as a gas sample (with RI of 1.0003) and a hemoglobin solution and toluene as two different analytes (with RIs of 1.33 and 1.4778, respectively). The results show a sensitivity of

S

=

1427.3

n
m

/

r
e
f
r
a
c
t
i
v
e

index unit (nm/RIU) for methane with a detection precision of one to a few volume percentages in the air, which can also be calibrated to illuminate the fabrication variation errors. For hemoglobin, a sensitivity of 1073.4 nm/RIU is obtained, with a limit of detection of 116.15 mg/lit for 65-87 g/lit of hemoglobin in water; for the toluene sensor,

S

=

1019.7

n
m

/

R
I
U

is calculated. As a general result, a high figure of merit/sensitivity can be achieved over a wide range of applications, from gases to high RI analytes, using our proposed classifications.
Electric-field-resolved near-infrared microscopy
Authors: Mamaikin Mikhail , Li Yik-Long , Ridente Enrico , Chen Wei Ting , Park Joon-Suh , Zhu Alexander Y. , Capasso Federico , Weidman Matthew , Schultze Martin , Krausz Ferenc , Karpowicz Nicholas 
Published: May 2022

Access to the complete spatiotemporal response of matter due to
structured light requires field sampling techniques with
sub-wavelength resolution in time and space. We demonstrate spatially
resolved electro-optic sampling of near-infrared waveforms, providing
a versatile platform for the direct measurement of electric field
dynamics produced by photonic devices and sub-wavelength structures
both in the far and near fields. This approach offers high-resolution,
time- or frequency-resolved imaging by encoding a broadband signal
into a narrowband blueshifted image, lifting the resolution limits
imposed by both chromatic aberration and diffraction. Specifically,
measuring the field of a near-infrared laser with a broadband sampling
laser, we achieve 1.2 µm resolution in space and 2.2 fs resolution in
time. This provides an essential diagnostic for complete
spatiotemporal control of light with metasurface components,
demonstrated via a metalens as well as a meta-axicon that forms
broadband, ultrashort, truncated Bessel beams in the near infrared.
Finally, we demonstrate the electric field dynamics of locally
enhanced hot spots with sub-wavelength dimensions, recording the full
temporal evolution of the electric field at each point in the image
simultaneously. The imaging modality opens a path
toward hyperspectral microscopy with simultaneous sub-wavelength
resolution and wide-field imaging capability.
Effect of glutamate infusion on NT-proBNP after coronary artery bypass grafting in high-risk patients (GLUTAMICS II): A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Holm Jonas , Ferrari Gabriele , Holmgren Anders , Vanky Farkas , Friberg Örjan , Vidlund Mårten , Svedjeholm Rolf 
Published: May 2022

Background
Animal and human data suggest that glutamate can enhance recovery of myocardial metabolism and function after ischemia. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) reflects myocardial dysfunction after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). We investigated whether glutamate infusion can reduce rises of NT-proBNP in moderate- to high-risk patients after CABG.

Methods and findings
A prospective, randomized, double-blind study enrolled patients from November 15, 2015 to September 30, 2020, with a 30-day follow-up at 4 academic cardiac surgery centers in Sweden. Patients underwent CABG ± valve procedure and had left ventricular ejection fraction ≤0.30 or EuroSCORE II ≥3.0. Intravenous infusion of 0.125 M L-glutamic acid or saline at 1.65 mL/kg/h started 10 to 20 minutes before releasing the aortic cross-clamp, then continued for another 150 minutes. Patients, staff, and investigators were blinded to the treatment. The primary endpoint was the difference between preoperative and day-3 postoperative NT-proBNP levels. Analysis was intention to treat.
We studied 303 patients (age 74 ± 7 years; females 26%, diabetes 47%), 148 receiving glutamate group and 155 controls. There was no significant difference in the primary endpoint associated with glutamate administration (5,390 ± 5,396 ng/L versus 6,452 ± 5,215 ng/L; p = 0.086). One patient died ≤30 days in the glutamate group compared to 6 controls (0.7% versus 3.9%; p = 0.12). No adverse events linked to glutamate were observed.
A significant interaction between glutamate and diabetes was found (p = 0.03). Among patients without diabetes the primary endpoint (mean 4,503 ± 4,846 ng/L versus 6,824 ± 5,671 ng/L; p = 0.007), and the incidence of acute kidney injury (11% versus 29%; p = 0.005) was reduced in the glutamate group. These associations remained significant after adjusting for differences in baseline data.
The main limitations of the study are: (i) it relies on a surrogate marker for heart failure; and (ii) the proportion of patients with diabetes had almost doubled compared to the cohort used for the sample size estimation.

Conclusions
Infusion of glutamate did not significantly reduce postoperative rises of NT-proBNP. Diverging results in patients with and without diabetes agree with previous observations and suggest that the concept of enhancing postischemic myocardial recovery with glutamate merits further evaluation.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02592824.
European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials Database (Eudra CT number 2011-006241-15).
Compliance to playpen usages to enhance parental supervision of under-five children in rural community of Bangladesh
Authors: Bhuiyan Md. Al-Amin , Agrawal Priyanka , Alonge Olakunle , Alam Zobaer , Ashraf Lamisa , Wadhwaniya Shirin , Talab Md. Abu , Li Qingfeng , Bachani Abdulgafoor M. , Rahman Fazlur , Rahman Aminur 
Published: May 2022

Introduction
In Bangladesh, injury is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity in children. All children under 5 years of age are at high risk for drowning though the risks are highest when children first learn to walk and crawl while they do not understand the danger of water. The Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh (CIPRB) in collaboration with Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit (JH-IIRU) has been implementing two drowning prevention interventions, providing playpens and community day care centres (anchal), or both in three rural sub-districts of Bangladesh under Saving of Lives from Drowning (SoLiD) project in Bangladesh. In CIPRB intervention areas, wooden playpens were distributed among the children nine months to three years at household (HH) level.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore and understand the acceptability and perceptions of parents towards playpen and its relevance for drowning and injury related mortality and morbidity prevention.

Methods
Anchal mothers (‘anchal maa’ in Bangla) distributed 30,553 playpens and collected compliance information at the HH level using a structured questionnaire. 1600 trained anchal maas collected data via face to face interviews from May 2014 to November 2015. Playpen compliance visits were conducted periodically on the second and seventh days and every two months after delivering the playpen. Data were entered using standard data entry formats and analyzed using SPSS software version 23.

Results
Parents reported that playpen is a safe place and protects children from drowning and other injuries. During compliance data collection, anchal maa founds that 71.8% of all children were using playpen and 93.7% (of 71.8%) children were playing inside the playpen while mothers were busy with their household chores like cooking, washing dishes and clothes, taking care of their poultry and domestic animals etc. 95.7% parents reported playpen is being used for keeping the child safe. On an average, the children were placed two to six times per day in a playpen. 99.1% of the children who reported using a playpen did not get any injuries (falls, cuts and bruises) while using the playpen. Satisfaction level with the playpen intervention among mothers was 90.5%. Some respondents suggested improving the playpen utilization by providing toys, adding wheels for ease of mobility, and increasing the height.

Conclusion
The playpens were found to be well accepted and utilized for the children, especially when mothers were busy with their household chores.
Die lange Sicht …
Authors: Pohlkamp Svenia , Zarnitz Monika 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die Digitalisierung von Gesellschaft und Arbeit stellt neue Herausforderungen an Dokumentation, Archivierung und erneute Nutzung von Informationen und Medien durch große und kleine Einrichtungen. Zur erfolgreichen Bewältigung dieser Herausforderungen tragen Vernetzung und Qualifizierung erheblich bei. In diesen Bereichen ist nestor aktiv. Der Beitrag informiert über Geschichte, Reichweite und Angebote des Kompetenznetzwerks nestor und berichtet über aktuelle Entwicklungen während der Pandemie. Insbesondere werden die Arbeitsgruppen, Publikationen und Veranstaltungs- sowie Qualifizierungsangebote des Netzwerks vorgestellt. Der Beitrag ruft zudem zur Beteiligung im Netzwerk auf.
Exploring Chinese cyber discourse: integrating political and legal perspectives
Authors: Cheng Le , Liu Xiuli 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cyberspace, with the rapidly growing network of users and communication technologies, provides venues for myriad social and political interactions. The very technology that enables the development of cyberspace itself also makes detailed and cumulative observation possible. This study aims to investigate cyber discourse in the context of China from the perspective of political and legal integration. Theoretical insight is transformed from viewing cyberspace as a research object to regarding it as a research ontology. To fill in this uncharted domain, this study aims to examine (a) the hidden connotations of the political discourse in cyberspace, (b) the new features of legal regulation in cyberspace, and (c) the relation between political discourse and legal practice. Centering on both political and legal discourse on cyberspace, the findings of this study indicate that there is a dialectical relationship between political discourse and legal practice in cyberspace. With the findings, this study contributes to the discursive construction by extending the discourse studies into cyberspace and integrating the discourse studies with politics and law.
Effect of expansion temperature on the properties of expanded graphite and modified linear low density polyethylene
Authors: Pang Xiuyan , Zhang Wenyu , Meng Yafang , Ma Meifang , Xu Jianzhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To study the influence of expansion temperature on the properties of expanded graphite (EBG), EBG300, EBG600, and EBG900 were prepared by heating expandable graphite (EG) at 300, 600, and 900 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the influence of these EBGs on the combustion performance and physical-mechanical properties of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) were investigated. The expansion volumes of EBG300, EBG600, and EBG900 increase with the rise of temperature, and a four-stage ordered structure of “graphite worm” gradually forms. The thermal stability increases gradually for EBG300, EBG600, and EBG900. On the contrary, the thermal conductivity decreases in sequence. However, the incorporation of EBG900 promotes the formation of a continuous network structure and makes the modified LLDPE to present the best heat transmission. The addition of 30 wt% of these EBGs significantly improves LLDPE’s flame retardancy and high-temperature thermal stability. The total heat release, the peak value of heat release rate, and the fire growth index of 70LLDPE/30EBG300 reduce by 69, 91, and 87% respectively, while the effective fire performance index improves seven times. The addition of these additives reduces the tensile strength and elongation at break, the larger the EBG size, the more obvious the effect.
The impact of COVID-19 on smoking cessation in pregnancy
Authors: Bednarczuk Nadja , Williams Emma E. , Absalom Gareth , Olaitan-Salami Judith , Greenough Anne 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
A greater proportion of non-pregnant smokers attempted to stop smoking during compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to determine if a greater proportion of pregnant women also attempted to stop smoking during the pandemic rather than before.

Methods
The use of antenatal smoking cessation services and nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) in pregnant women was audited before (2019–2020) and during the COVID pandemic (2020–2021). Anonymised data from January 2019 to March 2021 were analysed from the Lambeth and Southwark smoking cessation service.

Results
A total of 252 pregnant women who smoked were referred to their local antenatal smoking cessation service, of which 90 (35.7%) (median age: 31 years [19–52 years]) chose to attend smoking cessation clinics. The COVID-19 pandemic was not associated with an increase in the number of women attending smoking cessation clinics, (2020–2021 n=46 [40.8%] of 110); compared to (2019–2020 n=44 [30.9%] of 142 referred pregnant women pre-pandemic) p=0.061. Eighty-two women utilised NRT to help them stop smoking and the frequency of NRT use did not change during the pandemic (2019–2020 n=39, 2020–2021 n=43; p=0.420). No significant difference in smoking cessation rates between the two periods was observed at either the four-week (p=0.285) or twelve-week follow-up (p=0.829).

Conclusions
Smoking cessation rates in pregnant women and the demand for antenatal smoking cessation services was unchanged during compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic.
The sociopragmatic parameters steering the reported selection of Anglicisms or their Dutch alternatives
Authors: Crombez Yasmin , Ghyselen Anne-Sophie , Winter-Froemel Esme , Zenner Eline 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearchers studying language variation and change induced by contact with English initially focused on the linguistic integration of English source language (SL) material in the morphophonological structure of the receptor language (RL). Shifting the attention toward the sociopragmatic localization of English lexical material, researchers now foreground both the social identity work conducted with English material and the pragmatic functions of English lexemes and heritage alternatives. So far, however, most of these studies rely on production data, paying less attention to language users’ perception and evaluation of English lexemes. Therefore, integrating insights from language production and evaluation, this study asks the questions (i) which lexical preference speakers express when asked to choose between an English and a heritage form; and (ii) which sociopragmatic parameters help to explain this preference. To answer these questions, a forced-choice experiment was conducted in which over 1,500 Dutch-speaking participants were asked to select their preferred expression when provided with a loanword and a heritage alternative. Each participant was offered 12 target trials and 10 filler trials. The target trials, drawn from a corpus-based study, include a balanced set of loans from three semantic fields with various frequencies in usage data. Pragmatic variation was included by randomly presenting the trials in speech contexts of communicative immediacy and communicative distance. Mixed-effects logistic regression analyses show a significant impact of community-based usage statistics, the age and self-reported attitude of the participant, as well as the speech context in which the concepts were offered.
First photographic record of sambar (Rusa unicolor) from Sikkim, Central Himalayas biotic province
Authors: Sharma Chandra Maya , Bhattacharjee Saurav , Joshi Bheem Dutt , Thakur Mukesh , Chandra Kailash , Sharma Lalit Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report the first photographic evidence of sambar (Rusa unicolor) from Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary and adjoining area of East Sikkim during April-May 2019. A total of twenty-five photographs of sambar were captured by our camera traps placed at two locations with elevations 2137 m and 2655 m asl. Furthermore, photographic capture of sambar through our study and tiger by officials of the Sikkim forest department from the same locality indicates the availability of good quality habitat for sambar as well as tiger. The present study opens up new avenues for further population monitoring and protecting habitats in and around the Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary, East Sikkim.
Peripheral multilingual scholars confronting epistemic exclusion in global academic knowledge production: a positive case study
Authors: Piller Ingrid , Zhang Jie , Li Jia 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The decolonization of knowledge is increasingly high on the agenda of applied and sociolinguistics. This article contributes to this agenda by examining how peripheral multilingual scholars confront their linguistic and epistemic exclusion from global knowledge production. Based on the product of such a challenge – a Chinese-centric special issue of Multilingua, a global academic Q1 journal, devoted to crisis communication during the COVID-19 pandemic and committed to furthering intercultural dialogue in research – we explore the decades-long knowledge production process behind that product and so provide a look into the “black box” of academic networking and publishing. Advocating for collaborative autoethnography as an inherently inclusive method, we focus on enabling academic and personal networks, textual scaffolding, and linguistic and epistemic brokerage. The article closes with three aspects of linguistic and epistemic citizenship that are central to inclusion, namely recognition of the value of peripheral knowledges, recognition of a collaborative ethics of care, and recognition of shared responsibility.
The crystal structure of tris(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)phosphine oxide, C18H18N3OP
Authors: Wu Gui-Ling 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
C18H18N3OP, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 13.3987(17) Å, b = 8.7084(11) Å, c = 14.5063(18) Å, β = 95.849(2)° V = 1683.8(4) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0423, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1311, T = 296(2) K.
The Syntactic Encoding of Conventional Implicatures in Sicilian Polar Questions
Authors: Cruschina Silvio , Bianchi Valentina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper describes and analyses two discourse particles that are found in polar questions and in some declarative structures in central Sicilian. The analysis adopts an interface approach, relying on the cartographic framework. It is proposed that each particle conveys in all its uses one and the same conventional implicature, relating to the epistemic state of one of the discourse participants. The interaction of the two particles with left-peripheral elements, in particular topics, vocatives, fronted foci, and speaker-oriented adverbs, supports the view that the speaker, the hearer, and the commitment anchor are syntactically represented in sentence structure.
L2 Perception of Contrastive Vowel Nasality in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Laméris Tim Joris 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough not undisputed, it is generally agreed that Brazilian Portuguese (BP) has lexically contrastive vowel nasality, for instance between [si] ‘if; oneself‘ and [sĩ] ‘yes.‘ It is known that second-language (L2) learners of BP struggle with oral-nasal vowel contrasts in perception, but less is known on how L2 learners perform in perception. This paper reports on a study that investigated the perception of BP contrastive vowel nasality by a group of English-native learners of BP and a native speaker control group to assess how non-native listeners perform in pre-lexical discrimination and lexical identification of contrastive vowel nasality. Although results from a vowel discrimination task revealed no differences between L2 and L1 listeners in terms of pre-lexical perception, a lexical identification task revealed that some oral-nasal vowel contrasts impeded lexical access in L2 listeners. These findings highlight how L2 listeners can perform comparably to L1 listeners in perception of non-native sound contrasts (here, vowel nasality) at the pre-lexical level, but may still struggle in encoding those contrasts at a lexical level.
Comparative analysis between single flank rolling test for micro gears and analytical simulation of optical measurements
Authors: Gauder Daniel , Gölz Johannes , Bott Alexander , Lanza Gisela 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This approach analyses the differences between a single flank rolling test and an analytical simulation based on optical measurement data of micro gears. The focus is on a signal-based comparison of the rolling behaviour. Using methods in the time and frequency domain as well as the derivation of methods such as cross-correlation, the capability of this simulative approach is qualified. Due to short measurement times with high correlations to the test rig, an inline integration of this analytical simulation for quality assurance of micro gears in series production will be implemented as part of a holistic approach.