bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential activation of innate and adaptive lymphocytes during latent or active infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Ruiz‐Sánchez Bibiana Patricia , Castañeda‐Casimiro Jessica , Cabrera‐Rivera Graciela L. , Brito‐Arriola Owen Marlon , Cruz‐Zárate David , García‐Paredes Víctor Gabriel , Casillas‐Suárez Catalina , Serafín‐López Jeanet , Chacón‐Salinas Rommel , Estrada‐Parra Sergio , Escobar‐Gutiérrez Alejandro , Estrada‐García Iris , Hernández‐Solis Alejandro , Wong‐Baeza Isabel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMost individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have latent tuberculosis (TB), which can be diagnosed with tests (such as the QuantiFERON‐TB Gold test [QFT]) that detect the production of IFN‐γ by memory T cells in response to the Mtb‐specific antigens 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target EsxA (Rv3875) (ESAT‐6), 10 kDa culture filtrate antigen EsxB (Rv3874) (CFP‐10), and Mtb antigen of 7.7 kDa (Rv2654c) (TB7.7). However, the immunological mechanisms that determine if an individual will develop latent or active TB remain incompletely understood. Here we compared the response of innate and adaptive peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy individuals without Mtb infection (QFT negative) and from individuals with latent (QFT positive) or active TB infection, to determine the characteristics of these cells that correlate with each condition. In active TB patients, the levels of IFN‐γ that were produced in response to Mtb‐specific antigens had high positive correlations with IL‐1β, TNF‐α, MCP‐1, IL‐6, IL‐12p70, and IL‐23, while the proinflammatory cytokines had high positive correlations between themselves and with IL‐12p70 and IL‐23. These correlations were not observed in QFT‐negative or QFT‐positive healthy volunteers. Activation with Mtb‐soluble extract (a mixture of Mtb antigens and pathogen‐associated molecular patterns [PAMPs]) increased the percentage of IFN‐γ–/IL‐17–producing NK cells and of IL‐17–producing innate lymphoid cell 3 (ILC3) in the peripheral blood of active TB patients, but not of QFT‐negative or QFT‐positive healthy volunteers. Thus, active TB patients have both adaptive and innate lymphocyte subsets that produce characteristic cytokine profiles in response to Mtb‐specific antigens or PAMPs. These profiles are not observed in uninfected individuals or in individuals with latent TB, suggesting that they are a response to active TB infection.
Predation and parasitism as determinants of animal personalities
Authors: Dubois Frédérique , Binning Sandra A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Within the same population, proactive (i.e. bolder, more exploratory, active and aggressive) and reactive (i.e. more timid, less exploratory, less active and more passive) individuals could be hypothetically maintained due a trade‐off between foraging and vigilance behaviours, provided that both phenotypes differ in their state (e.g. metabolic rates, body condition or energetic needs).

Yet, recent findings indicate that among‐individual variation in intrinsic state can explain only a small proportion of variation in behaviour, meaning that other mechanisms, such as the presence of trophically transmitted parasites, might contribute to maintaining inter‐individual behavioural differences. Empirical evidence, indeed, suggests strong relationships between certain animal personality traits and parasitic load within host populations. However, the direction of causation between these traits remains unclear: are different behaviours in infected hosts in contrast to uninfected ones the result of manipulation by parasites to increase host predation, or are some personalities inherently more susceptible to infection than others?

To better understand the role of parasites in shaping behavioural differences within host populations and examine to what extent parasite manipulation and/or intrinsic differences in parasite susceptibility contribute to maintaining behavioural differences, we used a simulation approach and analysed the change in the frequencies of proactive and reactive individuals over time under different predation and starvation scenarios, when individual phenotype either affected a host's risk of infection or not.

We found that in the absence of parasites, predation pressure strongly affected the expression of host personality, but the trade‐off between foraging and vigilance behaviours alone could not explain the maintenance of inter‐individual behavioural differences without temporal variation in predation pressure. By contrast, in the presence of parasites, the two host phenotypes could coexist within populations even when individuals experienced no temporal variations in predation risk, but only when proactive and reactive hosts were equally susceptible to parasitism.

Our findings, thus, indicate that parasites can play an important role in maintaining genetic diversity in their host populations in addition to generating behavioural differences though manipulation.
Transgressions of innate moral codes – transgressions in service of the Self
Authors: Conforti Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBeginning with a discussion of transgressions against innate, archetypal moral codes, I also present those transgressions carried out in service of the Self. While both represent an affront to a universal moral code, the latter often furthers an individual's relationship to the Self. These themes are illustrated through the stories of Pontius Pilate, Jephthah, Il Padrino – the Godfather, then coupled with clinical vignettes.An important theme throughout this paper concerns humanity's ongoing hunger to expiate guilt through the practices of scapegoating, sin‐eating and confession. While these practices promise redemption, each seriously fails through their reluctance to address the unconscious recognition and consequences of transgressions.
Orfeu da Conceição: the political dimension of the carnival chant
Authors: Palomo Victor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the images related to Carnival in the texts of early Brazilian modernist writers, who wanted to minimize the feeling of inauthenticity due to the systematic emulation of European aesthetic matrices. This critique of Brazilian ‘nationalist’ complexes was manifested in cultural forms which were unlinked from academic approaches, but were instead expressed in the registers of the popular songbook – sung‐poems in which Carnival‐related images abounded. In the analysis of this set of poems, the paper outlines the emerging of a poetry of ‘masking’, raising the hypothesis that these poets had invented a tradition that aimed for a native originality, having the celebration of Carnival and its mythical variants as its literary motivation. During the 1930's, Carnival‐related images became rare in written poetry, establishing the sung poems as their permanent ground. With Orfeu da Conceição, in 1956, Vinicius de Moraes converged these two elements, dissolving the remaining boundaries that set them apart. This paper explores the images of Carnival and the mask, and attempts to unmask the characteristics of a form of Brazilian culture, including, in particular, its racism.
How to build a paranoid in the 21st century? Paranoid psychic policies in turbulent times
Authors: Quintaes Marcus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractParanoia is a clinical and cultural phenomenon of the 21st century. From a Jungian lens, paranoia is thought of in two fundamental ways: as a disorder of meaning rooted in the Self, and the insanity of literalism where metaphor is absent. Paranoia, in our current ‘civilization in transition’, takes the form of a ‘tyranny of unification or the curse of the One’ promulgated by waves of fear, panic, horror and exclusion towards everything that differs from the supposedly instituted order. As a single fundamentalist truth, paranoia takes root in the public field of politics where self‐exhibitionism feeds the delusional paranoid logic that degrades both the personal and collective fabrics. Jungian psychology offers an antidote to paranoia by cultivating and respecting democratic spaces both analytically and in the collective.
The analytic methods of Groddeck and Jung in light of the philosophy of nature
Authors: Balenci Marco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe philosophy of nature as Jung's background has been overlooked, despite its relevance for understanding the roots of analytical psychology. The German psychoanalyst Georg Groddeck shared such a background, so that a comparison is possible between his clinical view and Jung's. It is shown that natural philosophers Paracelsus, Johann von Goethe and Carl Gustav Carus had a major impact on Jung and Groddeck. Both of the latter followed Carus's theory of a creative, superindividual, and compensatory unconscious – continuing the Naturphilosophie tradition and rejecting reductionist biophysical medicine. Groddeck and Jung's holistic perspective led them to advocate natural healing, face‐to‐face dialectical analysis, and the uniqueness of each treatment. Thus, they were against using techniques, and instead established general methods for analytic therapy. Groddeck's thinking was closer to Jung's than to Freud's in both theory and practice. Therefore, two alternative strands should be considered within psychoanalysis: Freud's classical drive theory and Groddeck's underground two‐person psychology. Thereby, Jung's analytic descendants and the relational psychoanalysts who stemmed from Groddeck's ideas could be regarded as ‘cousins’ due to the similarities arising from their common origin in the philosophy of nature.
Volunteer community service providers during the COVID‐19 crisis response in China: What are their personal needs and how to respond?
Authors: Li Rui , Lu Yi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe needs of volunteer community service providers (VCSPs), who are the main responders to community crises, have received significantly less attention for the contributions they have been making during the COVID‐19 crisis. A mixed‐method research framework was used in this study, which involved semi‐structured interviews with 13 NGOs and questionnaire responses from 430 VCSPs in Hubei, China to assess the VCSPs' personal needs based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. It was found that the VCSPs had safety, love, belonging, self‐esteem, and self‐actualization personal needs, all of which were closely related to family, partners, organizations, society and the government. The discussions revealed that the more experienced VCSPs needed special attention and family support was extremely significant for VCSPs in crisis. Several recommendations to meet VCSPs' personal needs are proposed that could have valuable reference value for emergency managers when organizing and supporting VCSPs in contingencies.
Examining associations between personal growth initiative and subjective trajectories of life satisfaction among survivors of ethnopolitical violence in Rwanda and Sri Lanka
Authors: Mousa Almatar Naouras , Jayawickreme Nuwan , Foote William G. , Demaske Alana , Jayawickreme Eranda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDoes personal growth initiative (PGI)—the tendency to be proactive about one's personal development—impact adaptive beliefs about life quality among survivors of mass violence, such as ethnopolitical warfare or genocidal violence? One‐hundred‐and‐twenty‐three survivors of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda and 179 Tamil individuals affected by the civil war in Sri Lanka completed assessments of PGI, satisfaction with one's past life, current life satisfaction, and anticipated future life satisfaction. High levels of PGI were associated with an adaptive inclining trajectory of life satisfaction (Past < Present < Future) in both samples. These results indicate that PGI is associated with adaptive beliefs about one's identity and well‐being among war‐affected populations, and supports future interventions targeting PGI among those communities.
Making space for solidarity: The transformative role of shame in challenging racialised hegemony
Authors: Wolf Otto , Brown Julia , Leddy‐Owen Charles , Martin Diana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUsing an affective framework, this article explores the role of shame in stimulating non‐migrant citizen solidarity with asylum seekers and refugees across the UK. Combining research on shame with ongoing discussions of solidarity and influential work by Bourdieu, the productive potential of affect is discussed. This paper argues that shame is an affect capable of creating a ‘rupture’ in an individual or organisation's habitus. This rupture is evidenced as resulting in structural change in the organisations as they reckon with actions that fall into structures of racial domination. Findings from 15 research interviews with active individuals in migrant justice organisations are analysed in relation to shame and solidarity. Data is from a wider project, utilising participatory methods alongside in‐depth interviews looking to understand the work of organisations supporting asylum seekers, refugees and migrants. This paper develops the burgeoning theoretical field of affect within Geography and Sociology, arguing for shame as a useful affect in challenging implicit racial hierarchies in the process of creating transformative solidarity. Shame is an affect too often dismissed as unproductive and, as a result, its use within social movements has been significantly under‐researched. This paper argues against this representation of shame and instead explores its power in challenging hegemonic social relations. As an activist researcher, this theoretical development is part of a wider desire to interrogate the nuances of solidarity, to help myself and other activists to understand its importance and formation.
Longitudinal functional assessment of atrial M‐mode in dextro‐ transposition of the great arteries fetus may help to predict the necessity for urgent neonatal Rashkind procedure
Authors: Respondek‐Liberska Maria , Sylwestrzak Oskar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSix fetal echocardiographic examinations were analyzed and presented with special emphasis on atrial M‐mode in one case of fetal isolated dextro‐ transposition of the great arteries. The only significant changes were seen based on analysis of the new index of foramen ovale (FO) flap movement. Emergency Rashkind procedure on the first day of postnatal life was predicted based on fetal atrial M‐mode.
The effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on fetal right heart growth in late‐term pregnancy: A prospective study
Authors: Wang Yuhan , Liu Hongzhou , Hu Xiaona , Hu Xiaodong , Zhang Jiamei , Zhang Han , Wang Jincheng , Su Shan , Wang Yueheng , Lyu Zhaohui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication of pregnancy strongly associated with an increased risk of structural fetal abnormalities. As the fetal heart grows quickly during the late‐term pregnancy period, it is important to understand fetal heart growth before birth. This study explored how GDM affects fetal heart growth by evaluating basic echocardiography indicators during late pregnancy.MethodsThis prospective, longitudinal study included 63 GDM patients (GDM group) and 67 healthy pregnant women (control group). All subjects underwent fetal echocardiography scans at gestational weeks 28–32, 32–36, and 36–40. Twelve echocardiographic indicators were assessed at each observation and analyzed by using a mixed model.ResultsThe left atrial diameter (LA) and left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LV) similarly increased from the first to the third observation. The right ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (RV) was significantly different between the groups, and a group × time interaction was detected. The tricuspid annular peak systolic velocity (s') increased more rapidly in the GDM than the control group during the first to second observations, and the group × time interaction was significant. The increase in the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) of the GDM group was “slow‐fast”, while that of the control group was “fast‐slow”, during three observations. After adjusting covariates, the group difference and interaction effect of TAPSE and RV remained significant.ConclusionsThe differences in fetal right heart indicators between the GDM and control groups suggest that GDM may affect the structure and functional growth of the fetal right heart during late‐term pregnancy.
A critical analysis of Lin et al.'s (2021) failure to observe forward entrainment in pitch discrimination
Authors: Saberi Kourosh , Hickok Gregory 
Published: July 2022

AbstractForward entrainment refers to that part of the entrainment process that outlasts the entraining stimulus. Several studies have demonstrated psychophysical forward entrainment in a pitch‐discrimination task. In a recent paper, Lin et al. (2021) challenged these findings by demonstrating that a sequence of 4 entraining pure tones does not affect the ability to determine whether a frequency modulated pulse, presented after termination of the entraining sequence, has swept up or down in frequency. They concluded that rhythmic sequences do not facilitate pitch discrimination. Here, we describe several methodological and stimulus design flaws in Lin et al.'s study that may explain their failure to observe forward entrainment in pitch discrimination.
Molecular epidemiology of the citrus bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. citri from the Arabian Peninsula reveals a complex structure of specialist and generalist strains
Authors: Pruvost Olivier , Ibrahim Yasser Eid , Sharafaddin Anwar Hamoud , Boyer Karine , Widyawan Arya , Al‐Saleh Mohammed Ali 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMolecular epidemiology studies are essential to refine our understanding of migrations of phytopathogenic bacteria, the major determining factor in their emergence, and to understand the factors that shape their population structure. Microsatellite and minisatellite typing are useful techniques for deciphering the population structure of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker. This paper presents a molecular epidemiology study, which has improved our understanding of the history of the pathogen's introductions into the Arabian Peninsula, since it was first reported in the 1980s. An unexpectedly high genetic diversity of the pathogen was revealed. The four distinct genetic lineages within X. citri pv. citri, which have been reported throughout the world, were identified in the Arabian Peninsula, most likely as the result of multiple introductions. No copper‐resistant X. citri pv. citri strains were identified. The pathogen's population structure on Mexican lime (their shared host species) was closely examined in two countries, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. We highlighted the marked prevalence of specialist pathotype A* strains in both countries, which suggests that specialist strains of X. citri pv. citri may perform better than generalist strains when they occur concomitantly in this environment. Subclade 4.2 was the prevailing lineage identified. Several analyses (genetic structure deciphered by discriminant analysis of principal components, RST‐based genetic differentiation, geographic structure) congruently suggested the role of human activities in the pathogen's spread. We discuss the implications of these results on the management of Asiatic citrus canker in the region.
Hot spot stress and fatigue strength assessment of marine 5059 aluminum alloy reinforced structure considering welding effect
Authors: Xu Shuangxi , Lei Qiheng , Cao Junwei , Shen Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the increasing demand for lightweight ships, marine alloy materials such as aluminum alloy and titanium alloy are widely used; 5059 aluminum alloy is considered as an ideal steel for hull structure because of its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The influence of welding residual stress and welding deformation must be considered in fatigue evaluation of thin‐plate welded structures. However, due to the more complex welding deformation and residual stress distribution of thin‐plate welded structures, the fatigue evaluation of thin‐plate welded structures is challenged. In this paper, a series of fatigue tests of actual reinforced T‐shaped welded joints are carried out, and the accurate welding deformation and residual stress are obtained by numerical simulation. Finally, taking welding deformation and residual stress as initial conditions, the hot spot stress S‐N curves of typical joints are modified by hot spot stress method.
Strong phylogenetic signals in global plant bioclimatic envelopes
Authors: Harris Claire , Brummitt Neil , Cobbold Christina A. , Reeve Richard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe environmental preferences of species are an important facet of their response to changing conditions, and these have long been thought to exhibit phylogenetic conservatism. However, these bioclimatic envelopes have not previously been imputed from climate records at the date and location of occurrence, and the strength of their phylogenetic signal has not been studied at a broad scale. Here, we combine records from global climate reconstructions with contemporaneous plant occurrences for all available terrestrial plant species and test for phylogenetic niche conservatism in plant climatic traits.LocationGlobal.Time period1901–2018.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial plants.MethodsWe used >100 million plant records from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to produce distributions of bioclimatic envelopes for >200,000 species, using a range of climate variables. We matched species observations to historical climate reconstructions from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) and compared this with WorldClim climate averages. We tested for phylogenetic signal in a supertree of plants using Pagel's λ. Finally, to investigate how well bioclimatic envelopes could be inferred for poorly known and rare species, we performed cross‐validation by removing occurrence records for some common species to test how accurately their bioclimatic envelopes were estimated.ResultsWe found extremely strong phylogenetic signals (λ > 0.9 in some cases) for climate variables from both climate datasets, including temperature, soil temperature, solar radiation and precipitation. We were also able to impute missing bioclimatic envelopes for artificially removed species, having a correlation with observed data of .7.Main conclusionsWe reconstructed plant climatic tolerances for >200,000 plant species historically recorded on GBIF using a technique that could be applied to any comparable biodiversity dataset. Although global information on most species is sparse, we explored methods for bias correction and data imputation, with positive results for both.
The positive gain spiral of job resources, work engagement, opportunity and motivation on training transfer
Authors: Salamon Janos , Blume Brian D. , Tóth‐Király István , Nagy Tamás , Orosz Gábor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAccording to previous studies, general environmental characteristics and job‐related factors influence employees' transfer of learned skills to the job. However, among job‐related variables, the role of work engagement in connection with transfer motivation, opportunity and training transfer has not received much research attention. Building upon the theoretical background of the Job Demands‐Resources Model, the present study investigated the relationship between job resources/demands and training transfer through work engagement, transfer motivation and opportunity to transfer. Based on data from 311 working adults who participated in soft skill training programmes, job resources were associated with higher levels of training transfer through increased work engagement, motivation and opportunity to transfer. In contrast, job demands had negative relationships with transfer via work engagement and opportunity to transfer. The findings supported the assumption of the positive gain spiral in the transfer context. We conclude that companies should prioritize the development of job resources to provide a better environment for training transfer.