bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manuscript title The Common polymorphisms in ­­P21/WAF1 and MDM2 genes as a risk factor for susceptibility and poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer in Iraqi population.
Authors: Al-janabi Anwar Madlool , Al-Khafaji Salih Mahdi , Al-Saadi Maher Fenjan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor (P21/WAFI) and murine double minute 2 (MDM2) participate in the cell growth regulation. In malignant tumors has been found altered expression of these gene products and has been associated with poor prognosis. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate P21-rs1801270 and MDM2-rs2279744 gene polymorphisms and their impact to lung cancer risk in Iraqi population.
Methods: This study included a total of 140 lung cancer patients (101 males and 39 females) were diagnosed with non small cell lung carcinoma, compared with age and sex matched 150 healthy control individuals(105 males and 45 females), between the period of April 2017 to December 2020. The genotyping and allele frequency of C98A P21 and T309G MDM2 were examined by using PCR-RFLP technique.
Results: Compared with the P21-98 C and MDM2-309T genotypes, we found that P21-98A and MDM2-309G variants were associated with an increased risk of NSCLC in Iraqi patients (OR= 5.0, C.I= 3.2-14.2, P<0.0001) for AA, (OR= 6.7, C.I= 4.0-12.4, P<0.0001)for GG and (OR= 2.7, C.I= 1.5-4.5, P<0.0003) for CA, (OR= 3.5, C.I= 1.8-5.4, P<0.0001) for GT genotypes. AA and GG genotypes were found to be associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC patients, significant associations were observed with stage (p= 0.02) and metastasis status (p 0.003) for P21 gene, (p= 0.01) and (p= 0.04) for MDM2 gene respectively of NSCLC in elderly and smoking patients. Furthermore, the presence of both P21 AA and MDM2 GG genotypes were associated with an increased the risk of lung cancer by five folds ( OR= 5.2, 95% C.I= 3.0-7.6, P< 0.05) for homogeneity genotypes compared to those who lacked from both genotypes. These results obviously indicate a multiplicative interaction between P21 AA and MDM2 GG genotypes in the risk of developing lung cancer.
Conclusions: The incidence of both variant alleles P21 AA and MDM2 GG genotypes increased risk of lung cancer development in men, mainly in smokers older than 45 years. The expression of p21/WAF1 and MDM2 considered as two suitable indicators to predict the prognosis of NSCLC in Iraqi population.
Adverse events associated with AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine among adults in Greater Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Komakech Allan , Izudi Jonathan , Kamulegeya John , Aceng Freda Loy , Acaye James , Nsubuga Edirisa Juniour , Nakamya Petranilla , Kadobera Daniel , Bulage Lilian , Kwesiga Benon , Ario Alex Riolexus 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Tracking adverse events helps to assess vaccine safety. Uganda rolled out the AstraZeneca vaccination in March 2021 primarily targeting teachers, health workers, security personnel, and older persons. However, information about adverse events following the nationwide rollout of the AstraZeneca vaccination in Uganda is limited. We, therefore, assessed the prevalence and factors associated with adverse events following AstraZeneca vaccination among adults in the Greater Kampala region in Uganda.
Methods: We used routinely collected data about AstraZeneca vaccination to identify persons who received ≥1 dose of the vaccine. Data were collected between March 10 and April 30, 2021, through telephone interviews with a random sample of vaccinated individuals. We defined adverse events as any untoward medical occurrence after vaccination and serious adverse events as any event leading to hospitalization, persistent disability ˃28 days, death, or congenital anomaly. We summarized data descriptively, performed bivariate analysis, and determined the factors independently associated with adverse events using multivariable logistic regression, expressed as adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results: We studied 374 participants aged 20-85 years and found 235 (62.8%) had received only the first dose of the Astra-Zeneca vaccine while 139 (37.2%) received two doses of the vaccine. The prevalence of adverse events was 76.5% and the common adverse events included injection site redness, pain, itching, and headache but no serious adverse event was reported. Participants aged 20–29 years (AOR 4.58; 95% CI: 1.92–10.95), 30-39 years (AOR 3.69; 95% CI: 1.81–7.51) and 40-49 years (AOR 2.78; 95% CI 1.26–4.90) were more likely to develop adverse events compared to those aged ≥50 years.
Conclusion: Adverse events are prevalent among persons vaccinated with the Astra-Zeneca vaccine, largely among those below 50 years old. However, serious adverse events are rare. Persons <50 years old should be targeted for surveillance of adverse events and receive appropriate health education and counseling.
Multiple factors constrain Ponderosa Pine regeneration 9 years after a mixed severity wildfire in Central Arizona
Authors: Connolly Joseph W , Strand Eva Kristina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Long lasting drought, climate change and sub-optimal forest conditions are creating more frequent and severe fires in southwestern ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests. These same conditions make ponderosa pine regeneration difficult as these trees are poorly adapted to establishing and surviving in sustained drought and in large treeless areas. The 2013 Doce fire in the Prescott National Forest burned three quarters of the Granite Mountain Wilderness in Arizona USA, and much of its ponderosa pine forests. Here we report the current state of pine regeneration on Granite Mountain and the conditions of the surviving stands, as well as climate factors relevant to their ability to facilitate regeneration. With unfavorable climate conditions predicted to continue, ponderosa pine regeneration in Xeric Southwestern Pine forests is likely to fail when stand conditions are also unfavorable.
Results: Pine regeneration within the burned area was largely absent. Tree density and basal area were reduced in most fire severity classes. Significant differences in mean annual temperature, maximum vapor pressure deficit, and annual precipitation were identified since the 2000s drought began at the site. The average distance of high severity burn plots to a seed tree is beyond the suggested maximum distance of seed dispersal for ponderosa pine. Calculated establishment rates of ponderosa pine are below required levels for reforestation.
Conclusions: A combination of climate factors and remaining stand structure characteristics is constraining ponderosa pine regeneration in the Granite Mountain Wilderness. With a hotter and drier future predicted, xeric ponderosa pine forests face harsh conditions, especially considering the likelihood of severe wildfires. Appropriate management actions should be taken before wildfires occur to ensure that these xeric forests are given optimal conditions to survive wildfire.
Relation Between the Sensory Processing Skills and Some Blood Values in Children With Adhd
Authors: KARADAĞ Başak , DAĞ Pelin , ATABAY Ender , HURİ Meral 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized with symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. It is know that nearly one sixth of the children diagnosed with ADHD have problems in sensory processing skill at a level to affect the daily life quality. In children diagnosed with ADHD, experiencing sensory processing problem without a certain cerebral lesion, it is shown in researches that neural connections and dopamine has central roles. It is emphasized in studies that objective measurement methods and laboratory findings should be developed to distinguish the bio-markers and sensory processing dysfunctions that may aid in the early diagnosis and treatment stages of ADHD.
Methods: In this study 104 children with ADHD diagnosis have participated. The sensory processing skills of the participant who are conforming to the inclusion and exclusion criteria are evaluated with Sensory Profile Test Caregiver Survey. The urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, TSH, free T3, free T4, zinc, folic acid, vitamin D, vitamin B12 and ferritin values in the blood serum level are measured in fasting blood. The relations between the sensory processing skills and blood serum level values are statistically analyzed with Pearson test.
Results and Conclusions: Our study had found out that in children with ADHD, the sensory processing skills is related with the folate, vitamin B12, zinc, creatinine values in the blood serum level.
Does the Second Opinion Directive in Germany reach the patient? A parallel-convergent mixed- methods study
Authors: May Susann , Könsgen Nadja , Glatt Angelina , Bruch Dunja , Muehlensiepen Felix , Mählmann Sonja , Peter Sebastian , Pieper Dawid , Neugebauer Edmund , Prediger Barbara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: A Second Opinion Directive (SOD) was introduced in Germany in December 2018 for elective surgeries such as hysterectomy, tonsillotomy, tonsillectomy, and shoulder arthroscopy. The aim of the SOD is to avoid surgeries which are not medically induced and to support patients in their decision-making process. A physician who indicates an SOD-relevant procedure must inform the patient about the SOD and its specifications. At this time, it is not clear whether physicians provide information about the SOD to patients and whether and how the SOD is implemented in daily practice. Furthermore, nothing is known about how patients react when they are told that they have the right to seek a second opinion according to the SOD.
Methods: To assess this, we undertook a parallel-convergent mixed-methods study with a qualitative and quantitative phase. Qualitative data were analysed by structured qualitative content analysis and survey data were analysed descriptively.
Results: 26 interviews were conducted with patients for whom one of the above-mentioned surgeries was indicated. In parallel, a questionnaire survey with 102 patients was conducted. The results show that the SOD is not implemented in Germany for the selected indications because patients were not informed as intended. At the same time, when the right to obtain a second opinion was explained, it seemed to have a positive effect on the physician-patient relationship from patients` perspective.
Conclusions: It is possible that there is a lack of information for physicians, which in turn leads to an information deficit for patients. Better information for physicians might be part of the solution, but a negative attitude towards the SOD might also result in the low education rate. Therefore, in addition, potential patients or even the general population should be better informed about the possibility of obtaining a second opinion.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Population-based Cancer Screening in Taiwan
Authors: Su Chih-Hsuan , Hsu Pi-Shan , Lin Chu-Sheng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a great burden on the health care system. It has also had a great impact on other public health issues, including cancer screening. Delayed cancer screening was also noticed in the U.S, which may have led to both delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis. In Taiwan, population-based cancer screening for breast cancer, oral cancer, colon cancer and cervical cancer has been executed for years.
Method: In this study we have analyzed the change in screening numbers during the period of 2019 to 2021 during COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan.
Result: Through our results we found that total cancer screening numbers decreased from 307,547 to 103,289 (66% decrease) from the years 2020 to 2021. There was a 63%, 79%, 65% and 71% decrease in screening cases for colon cancer, oral cancer, cervical cancer and breast cancer, respectively during that period. A similar condition was noticed when comparing 2019 to 2021 when the disclosed total cancer screening numbers decreased by 70% (2019-2021); 65%, 83%, 70% and 76% in colon cancer, oral cancer, cervical cancer and breast cancer, respectively. Among these various cancer screenings, oral cancer screening showed the greatest reduction rate. We also compared the reduction rates taken from different regions in Taiwan. It was in Taipei, where most COVID-19 cases were noted, that the greatest reduction rate of cancer screening numbers occurred. A proportional decrease of screening cases was also noticed in all areas when confirmed COVID-19 cases rose.
Conclusion: Screening for cancers has dropped significantly due to the pandemic and its effect on long-term health needs to be evaluated. Additionally, efforts should be taken to address this cancer screening number deficit which has taken place during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Short-chain fatty acids are associated with adiposity and energy and glucose homeostasis among different metabolic phenotypes in the Nutritionists’ Health Study
Authors: Solar Isabela , Ribeiro Francieli Barreiro , Barbosa Marina Gomes , Freitas Renata Germano Borges de Oliveira Nascimento , Hanada Alfredo Shigueo , Ramos Camila de Oliveira , Sant’Ana Marcella Ramos , Candreva Thamiris , de Almeida-Pititto Bianca , Tura Andrea , Cintra Dennys Esper , Geloneze Bruno , Ferreira Sandra Roberta Gouvea , Vasques Ana Carolina Junqueira 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The gut microbiome is associated with obesity, mainly mediated by bacteria-produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). It is unknown how SCFA concentrations are associated among the phenotypes metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), metabolically healthy obese/overweight (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obese/overweight (MUO). We compared plasma and fecal SCFA concentrations among adult women categorized according to the metabolic phenotypes mentioned above and examined associations between SCFA and adiposity and components of energy and glucose homeostasis.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 111 participants. Body composition was assessed by DEXA. Energy and glycemic homeostasis were assessed by the standard mixed-meal tolerance test coupled with indirect calorimetry. SCFAs were quantified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Results: Only plasma propionate was increased in the MHNW phenotype compared to the MHO and MUO phenotypes [p<0.05]. Fecal propionate and butyrate concentrations and plasma propionate concentrations were inversely associated with total and visceral adiposity [p<0.05]. Fecal and plasma SCFA concentrations were associated with reduced glucose, insulin, and HbA1c levels, increased fasting and postprandial GLP-1 levels and more preserved beta-cell function [p<0.05]. Fecal and plasma SCFA concentrations were positively correlated with resting energy expenditure and lipid oxidation rate and inversely correlated with oxidation rate of carbohydrates [p<0.05].
Conclusion: These findings reinforce the concept that fecal and plasma SCFA concentrations are linked to specific components of energy and glucose homeostasis and body adiposity. On the other hand, it was not possible to discriminate the different metabolic phenotypes of adiposity based on the determination of fecal SCFA concentration.
Efficacy and safety profile of intravitreal dexamethasone implant versus antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chi Sheng-Chu , Kang Yi-No , Huang Yi-Ming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To better understand the efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) versus antivascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). With the emergence of novel findings over the past few years, the topic warranted a new review. Moreover, we survey the possible confounding factors while comparing these therapies.
Design: A systematics review and meta-analysis
Method: The study included randomized control trials and non-randomized control trials before December 2021 that compare the efficacy of Ozurdex-related treatment and Anti-VEGF treatment. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. Risk of bias tool of Cochrane was used to assess the quality of RCTs, and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) was used to assess the quality of Non-RCTs.
Results: 2409 eyes from 30 studies were included. Regarding BCVA change, the overall result revealed no significant differences between Ozurdex and anti-VEGF therapies in patients with nonresistant DME, but Ozurdex group had significantly more VA improvement than anti-VEGF therapies in patients with resistant DME. In terms of CRT decrease, there was a significant difference between Ozurdex therapy and anti-VEGF therapy in patients with both nonresistant DME and resistant DME. The meta-regression revealed that Ozurdex therapy tended to be better than anti-VEGF therapy if the baseline CRT was more than 413 µm.
Conclusions: Overall, Ozurdex therapy resulted in significantly greater VA improvement and CRT decrease than anti-VEGF therapy in the resistant DME patients. In patients with nonresistant DME, Ozurdex therapy was not inferior to anti-VEGF therapy either.
Role of human capital, income inequality and renewable energy consumption on CO2 mitigation in Malaysia
Authors: Afroz Rafia , Limon Riasat Ameen , Afroz Shahana 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Global climate change caused by greenhouse gases (GHGs), particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, poses unprecedented risks to the environment, development, and sustainability. This study incorporates human capital and renewable energy as potential factors of the connection between income inequality and CO2 emissions. Data from 1980–2018 are analyzed using the novel method of dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) in this study. To assess the validity of the DOLS estimate, we employ the fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and canonical correlation regression (CCR). To more thoroughly examine the relationship between the selected variables, a paired Granger causality test was used. Findings of this study show that using renewable energy enhances Malaysia's environmental quality, while economic growth, income inequality, and human capital all cause environmental deterioration. As a consequence, it is possible that Malaysia could achieve its goal of reducing CO2 emissions and meeting its obligations under the Paris Agreement if it were to successfully adopt policy initiatives to develop human capital, increase the use of renewable energy sources, achieve a low-carbon economy, and reduce the income disparity.
Examining graph neural networks for crystal structures: limitations and opportunities for capturing periodicity
Authors: Gong Sheng , Xie Tian , Shao-Horn Yang , Gomez-Bombarelli Rafael , Grossman Jeffrey 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Historically, materials informatics has relied on human-designed descriptors of materials structures. In recent years, graph neural networks (GNNs) have been proposed for learning representations of crystal structures from data end-to-end producing vectorial embeddings that are optimized for downstream prediction tasks. However, a systematic scheme is lacking to analyze and understand the limits of GNNs for capturing crystal structures. In this work, we propose to use human-designed descriptors as a bank of human knowledge to test whether black-box GNNs can capture the knowledge of crystal structures. We find that current state-of-the-art GNNs cannot capture the periodicity of crystal structures well, and we analyze the limitations of the GNN models that result in this failure from three aspects: local expressive power, long-range information, and readout function. We propose an initial solution, hybridizing descriptors with GNNs, to improve the prediction of GNNs for materials properties, especially phonon internal energy and heat capacity with 90% lower errors, and we analyze the mechanisms for the improved prediction. All the analysis can be extended easily to other deep representation learning models, human-designed descriptors, and systems such as molecules and amorphous materials.
Threshold uncertainty, early-warning signals, and the prevention of dangerous climate change
Authors: Hurlstone Mark John , White Ben , Newell Ben 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The goal of the Paris Agreement is to keep global temperature rise well below 2ºC. In this agreement---and its antecedents negotiated in Copenhagen and Cancun---the fear of crossing a dangerous climate threshold is supposed to serve as the catalyst for cooperation amongst countries. However, there are deep uncertainties about the location of the threshold for dangerous climate change, and recent evidence indicates this threshold uncertainty is a major impediment to collective action. Early-warning signals of approaching climate thresholds are a potential remedy to this threshold uncertainty problem, and initial experimental evidence suggests such early-detection systems may improve the prospects of cooperation. Here, we provide an experimental assessment of this early-warning signal hypothesis under conditions of greater social and climate validity. Using a catastrophe avoidance game, we show that large initial---and subsequently unreduced---threshold uncertainty undermines cooperation, consistent with earlier studies. An early-warning signal that reduced uncertainty to within 10% (but not 30%) of the threshold value catalysed cooperation and reduced the probability of catastrophe occurring, albeit not reliably so. Our findings suggest early-warning signals can trigger action to avoid a dangerous threshold but additional mechanisms may be required to foster the cooperation needed to ensure the threshold is not breached.
Sensory, structural breakdown, microstructure, salt release properties and shelf life of salt-coated air dried yellow alkaline noodles
Authors: Easa Azhar Mat , Yeoh Shin-Yong , Tan Hui-Ling , Muhammadb Lubowa , Tan Thuan-Chew , Murad Maizura Murad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Salt reduction in food has been employed to improve public health. The effect of salt coatings on sodium content, sensory properties, structural breakdown, microstructure, saliva and shelf life of yellow alkaline noodles (YAN) made from wheat flour, water and kansui were evaluated. 15 g/dL resistant starch HYLON™ VII (HC) or 5% (v/v) Semperfresh™ (SC) with 10, 20 and 30 g/dL sodium chloride (NaCl) were used. HC-Na30 and SC-Na30 had the highest sodium and closest taste (5.2 ± 0.75a & 5.13 ± 0.85a) and saltiness (5.6 ± 0.71a & 5.47 ± 0.81a) perception to commercial YAN (5.27 ± 0.81 & 5.77 ± 0.76, respectively). Both noodles had more than 8 days shelf life (4°C), highest work 1st for noodle breakdown and denser appearance in SEM. NaCl increased salivary conductivity, salt release and pH. Ten percent salt-coatings prolonged the shelf life of YAN. HC-Na10 and SC-Na10 could be suitable formulations to replace commercial YAN.