bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posture, gait and self‐disorders: An empirical study in individuals with schizophrenia
Authors: Tonna Matteo , Lucarini Valeria , Lucchese Jacopo , Presta Valentina , Paraboschi Francesca , Marsella Filippo , Daniel Benyamin Daniel , Vitale Marco , Marchesi Carlo , Gobbi Giuliana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimIn schizophrenia, subjectively perceived disruptions of the sense of the Self (also referred to as “self‐disorders”) seem to be intimately associated with a perturbation of the implicit awareness of one's own body. Indeed, an early impairment of the motor system, including posture and gait, is now considered a marker of schizophrenia neurodevelopmental substrate and appears more pronounced in early‐onset schizophrenia. Therefore, the present study was aimed at: (1) investigating a possible relationship between self‐disorders, symptom dimensions and postural and gait profile in schizophrenia; (2) identifying a specific motor profile in early‐onset conditions.MethodsA total of 43 schizophrenia outpatients and 38 healthy controls underwent an exhaustive investigation of posture and gait pattern. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), the examination of anomalous self experience scale (EASE) and the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS) were administered to the schizophrenia group. Subsequently, schizophrenia patients were divided into early and adult‐onset subgroups and compared with respect to their motor profile.ResultsWe found an association between specific postural patterns (impaired sway area), a general disruption of the gait cycle and subjective bodily experiences (concerning the loss of bodily integrity, cohesion and demarcation). Only motor parameters (increased sway area and gait cadence reduction) differentiated between early and adult‐onset patients.ConclusionThe results of the present study hint at a link between motor impairment and self‐disturbances in schizophrenia and candidate a specific motor profile as a possible marker of early‐onset forms.
Handgrip strength weakness and asymmetry together are associated with cardiovascular outcomes in older outpatients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Siyang , Wang Fang , Huang Yanjie , Yuan Yin , Huang Feng , Zhu Pengli 
Published: August 2022

AimThe evaluations of handgrip strength (HGS) weakness and asymmetry have implications for the comprehensive geriatric assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of HGS weakness and asymmetry on cardiovascular outcomes in older outpatients.MethodsThis was a prospective observational cohort study of 364 Geriatrics outpatients aged ≥60 years, in which all participants carried out HGS tests at baseline. Patients with HGS <28 kg for men and <18 kg for women were diagnosed as HGS weakness, and HGS ratio <0.90 or >1.10 were diagnosed as HGS asymmetry. Primary outcomes defined as the major adverse cardiovascular event and composite end‐points were assessed during a 21‐month median follow‐up.ResultsAmong 364 participants, 155 (42.6%) showed HGS weakness, and 160 (44.0%) showed HGS asymmetry. HGS weakness was associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (HR 2.76, 95% CI 1.22–6.27) and composite end‐points (HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.40–5.77). However, no significant correlation between HGS asymmetry and cardiovascular outcomes was observed. Compared with the normal and symmetric HGS group, older adults with HGS weakness and asymmetry together had a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (HR 5.23, 95% CI 1.56–17.54) and composite end‐points (HR 4.00, 95% CI 1.56–10.28).ConclusionsHGS weakness and asymmetry together might increase the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in older outpatients. HGS asymmetry offers complementary information to HGS weakness when making a comprehensive assessment of HGS. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 759–765.
Effects of nitridation temperature on properties of sintered reaction‐bonded silicon nitride
Authors: Nakashima Yuki , Zhou You , Tanabe Keisuke , Arima Souhei , Hirao Kiyoshi , Ohji Tatsuki , Fukushima Manabu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe prepared sintered reaction‐bonded silicon nitride ceramics by using yttria and magnesia as sintering additives and evaluated effects of the nitridation temperature on their microstructure, bending strength, fracture toughness, and thermal conductivity. The effects of the nitridation temperature were large, but different depending on the property. The ratio of β‐phase in the nitrided compacts significantly increased with increasing the nitridation temperature, whereas their microstructures had no clear difference. Although the bending strength varied, it maintains a high value of 800 MPa. Fracture toughness was almost constant regardless the temperature. The thermal conductivity improved as the β‐phase in the nitrided compact increases. This resulted in a decrease of the lattice oxygen content and increase of the thermal conductivity. Therefore, elevating the nitridation temperature and consequently the β‐phase ratio should be a promising strategy for achieving compatibly high strength and high thermal conductivity, which are generally known to be in a trade‐off relationship.
Age differences in orienting to faces in dynamic scenes depend on face centering, not visual saliency
Authors: Franchak John M. , Kadooka Kellan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current study investigated how infants (6–24 months), children (2–12 years), and adults differ in how visual cues—visual saliency and centering—guide their attention to faces in videos. We report a secondary analysis of Kadooka and Franchak (2020), in which observers’ eye movements were recorded during viewing of television clips containing a variety of faces. For every face on every video frame, we calculated its visual saliency (based on both static and dynamic image features) and calculated how close the face was to the center of the image. Results revealed that participants of every age looked more often at each face when it was more salient compared to less salient. In contrast, centering did not increase the likelihood that infants looked at a given face, but in later childhood and adulthood, centering became a stronger cue for face looking. A control analysis determined that the age‐related change in centering was specific to face looking; participants of all ages were more likely to look at the center of the image, and this center bias did not change with age. The implications for using videos in educational and diagnostic contexts are discussed.
Recycled ZnO‐fused macroporous 3D graphene oxide aerogel composites for high‐performance asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Hassan Kamrul , Hossain Rumana , Sahajwalla Veena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the arena of energy storage device, asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) are considered a key category due to its high‐power density and energy densities. In this study, a novel macroporous microrecycled ZnO nanoparticles (mi‐ZnO NPs) recovered from spent Zn–C battery‐decorated three‐dimensional graphene aerogel (GA) composite has been synthesized via simple eco‐friendly synthetic method, which is used as a proficient anode material to fabricate ASC. The interconnected macroporous networks and ∼40‐nm microrecycled ZnO NPs incorporated GA (mi‐ZnO–GA) enhanced the surface area of anode materials, which lead to achieve a formation of high‐performance ASC. Here, we composed ASCs from a microrecycled ZnO thin film (cathode) and mi‐ZnO–GA composite (anode), which reveals fast charging/discharging characteristics, stable widen cell voltage, superior power, and energy densities (13.7 W h/kg, 13.2 kW/kg), and finally stable cyclability (76.8% retention after 5000 cycles). These outcomes open up the window for microrecycled ZnO NPs incorporated GA (mi‐ZnO–GA) as a prominent anode material for high‐performance energy storage devices.
A meta‐analysis on the heritability of vertebrate telomere length
Authors: Chik Heung Ying Janet , Sparks Alexandra M. , Schroeder Julia , Dugdale Hannah L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTelomere dynamics are linked with both cellular and organismal senescence, and life history, individual quality and health. Telomere dynamics, particularly telomere length, have therefore garnered much research interest in evolutionary biology. To examine the evolution of telomere length, it is important to quantify its heritability, the proportion of total variation explained by additive genetic effects. Many studies have quantified telomere length heritability, but estimates are varied, and no general conclusion has been drawn. Additionally, it is unclear whether biological and methodological factors influence telomere length heritability estimates. We present the first meta‐analysis of telomere length heritability, using 104 estimates from 43 studies over 18 vertebrate species. We calculated an overall mean heritability and examined how estimates varied by study, phylogeny, species‐specific ecology, environmental setting, age at sampling, laboratory methods, statistical methods, sex and repeated measurements. Overall heritability was moderate (44.9%, 95% CI: 25.2–64.7%), and there was considerable heterogeneity in heritability estimates, in particular among studies and estimates. Laboratory method influenced heritability estimates, with in‐gel hybridization TRF yielding higher heritabilities than qPCR and Southern blot TRF. There was also an effect from statistical method, with twin‐based and SNP‐based estimates lower than correlation‐based or pedigree‐based estimates. Our results highlight an overall heritable basis of telomere length, and we recommend future research on a wider range of taxa, and the use of variance‐partitioning methods with relatedness or SNP data over correlation methods to minimize heritability estimation bias.
Food web ecology of Gulf Stream flounder (Citharichthys arctifrons): a continental shelf perspective
Authors: Rowe Stacy , Smith Brian E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGulf Stream flounder, Citharichthys arctifrons, are regularly observed in fish diets of the northeast U.S. continental shelf, yet lack commercial value and are often ignored. Similarly, Gulf Stream flounder diets of the Northwest Atlantic have remained largely unexamined, except for a brief period from 1976 to 1980. To better understand their role in the ecosystem, juvenile through adult Gulf Stream flounder were examined both as a predator and prey, and the magnitude of their feeding footprint (removal of prey biomass) was quantified for the northeast U.S. continental shelf. Their stomachs were sampled from 2005 to 2010, with the majority examined in the field macroscopically. Due to large proportions of unidentifiable prey, the effort was expanded in 2011–2012, and all stomachs were processed in the laboratory microscopically. Gulf Stream flounder were consumed by 15 fish, and what they eat (percentage mass and percentage frequency of occurrence) was documented by season, spatial region and year. Highly benthivorous, Gammaridea and Polychaeta dominated the diet in all years, seasons and regions, but Ophiuroidea (brittle stars) were also prominent in Southern New England during the spring. Gulf Stream flounder diets remained consistent across regions and time, with only a few feeding differences between seasons and one region. Relative to the productivity of benthos for this shelf ecosystem, the feeding footprint of Gulf Stream flounder was minor for their predominant benthic prey with a maximum percentage of benthos production eaten of 0.01% m−2 in Southern New England. With an ecosystem perspective, this feeding information offers a foundation for improving fisheries management among shared living marine resources considering benthic habitat and prey availability.
Modelling the behaviour of corporations during the flood damage recovery process using multi‐agent deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Yang Shaofeng , Ogawa Yoshiki , Ikeuchi Koji , Shibasaki Ryosuke , Okuma Yuuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the event of a flood, affected firms will experience production stoppages, resulting in supply chain (SC) disruptions and indirect economic damage to firms even outside the affected area. To mitigate the economic damage, it is essential for each firm in the entire SC to acquire a behavioural strategy in line with its recovery status. To achieve optimal behavioural strategies for individual firms in the recovery process, we present a learning framework using multi‐agent simulation and deep reinforcement learning, which considers dynamically changing factors such as the flooding depth of buildings and roads, SC, labour and capital. The agents use reinforcement learning to make decisions about the dynamically changing environment and establish optimal action strategies during the recovery process. The model is trained using inundation simulation data from the Arakawa River located in Tokyo and inter‐firm transaction data in Japan. The results show that the learned model can acquire behavioural strategies in the recovery process on a firm‐by‐firm basis, and to identify industries and regions with high economic damage. The results of this study can contribute to the development of recovery plans that consider the early recovery of SCs during floods.
Differential race effects of the tailored activity program (TAP) on dementia‐related behaviors: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gitlin Laura N. , Marx Katherine , Piersol Catherine V. , Hodgson Nancy A. , Parker Lauren J. , Cidav Tom , Roth David L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough nonpharmacological approaches are considered first‐line treatments for dementia‐related behaviors, it is unclear as to their effectiveness for different racial groups. We evaluated the effects of the Tailored Activity Program (TAP) on agitated and aggressive behaviors in Black and White families.MethodsWe conducted a single‐blind, two‐arm randomized controlled trial involving Black (N = 90) and White (N = 145) families. TAP involved eight home sessions by occupational therapists who provided activities tailored to abilities and interests and instructed caregivers in their use over 3 months. An attention control group received eight sessions by research assistants who provided disease education and home safety tips. Measures included caregiver ratings of frequency by severity for the agitation and aggression subscales of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory‐Clinician (NPI‐C) at 3 months (main trial primary outcome), number of completed sessions and time spent, changes in behavioral subcomponents of the subscales (frequency, severity, caregiver distress), and percent improving/worsening.ResultsBlack and White families completed similar numbers of treatment sessions, but White dyads averaged nearly two contact hours more than Black dyads (p = 0.008). At 3 months, an interaction effect (treatment by race) indicated significantly greater reductions in frequency by severity scores for the agitation and aggression subscales for Black TAP dyads versus White TAP dyads and White and Black attention control dyads. Also, significant interaction effects favoring TAP Black dyads were observed for select behavioral components. For TAP dyads with elevated baseline agitation/aggression levels (N = 71), 34.5% of Black versus 11.9% of White dyads improved; whereas 2.6% of Black versus 16.7% of White dyads had worsened agitation/aggression scores.ConclusionBlack families compared to White families derived greater behavioral benefits from TAP for PLWD at 3 months despite having less treatment exposure. Examining differential race effects may enhance precision in using nonpharmacological approaches and promote equity in dementia care for underserved populations.
A Fourth Shift: Women Factory Workers Working the Articulations of Caribbean Capitalism
Authors: Yelvington Kevin A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article seeks to contribute to theoretical debates—resurgent in the 2000s, returning to Marxist‐Feminist critiques of the 1970s—on the role of the social reproduction of labor power in capitalist production. Women factory workers are depicted in the literature as working three “shifts” of formal wage labor, informal labor market activity, and participation in household economies. Based on ethnographic research among women factory workers in the Caribbean, it is proposed here that these workers also work a “fourth shift,” that of establishing and maintaining support networks. The fourth shift enables strategies of formal and informal labor and household social reproduction, providing significant affective and tangible support. The confluence of these nonmarket labor processes, along with the ways ethnicity and gender are used in class recruitment strategies by capital, have the effect of subsidizing capital while, paradoxically, providing the basis of workers’ subsistence strategies in the context of scarcity. Yet, the fourth shift does not define women as a monolithic group: support networks vary with age, gender, ethnicity, class, and a range of statuses. It is shown in this article how Caribbean ethnography can contribute to debates in Marxism, feminism, and beyond, and contribute to critiques of capitalism.
The role of p53‐MDM2 signaling in missed abortion and possible pathogenesis
Authors: Liu Ting , Yan Min , Liu Fen , Ma Yuyan , Fang Yan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMissed abortion is one of the common obstetrical and gynecological complications, angiogenesis is the most important factor in fetal and placental development. However, the definite etiology and pathogenesis are not fully understood.MethodsThe mRNA levels of p53, MDM2, VEGF, and HIF‐lα were detected in 60 villous samples of missed abortion patients and 64 healthy controls by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Immunohistochemistry was used to explore the expression and correlation of p53, MDM2, VEGF, and HIF‐lα in villous tissues. Furthermore, we upregulated MDM2 expression in JEG‐3 and BeWo cells under hypoxia, combined with Nutlin3, the cell cycle was determined using flow cytometry and the expressions of p53, MDM2, VEGF, and HIF‐1α were determined by qRT‐PCR and western blot.ResultsqRT‐PCR demonstrated that the expressions of p53, MDM2, and HIF‐1α were significantly increased and VEGF was decreased in missed abortion group compared with normal pregnancies. Correlation analysis found that p53 was positively correlated with MDM2 and HIF‐1α, and negatively correlated with VEGF in missed abortion group. After administration of Nutlin3, overexpression of MDM2 could arrest cell cycle in G1 phase and reduce the proportion of S phase. The expression of p53 and MDM2 of JEG‐3 cells and BeWo cells which transfected with pcDNA3.1‐MDM2 plasmid were markedly increased after Nutlin3 addition under hypoxic conditions, while the expression of VEGF and HIF‐1α decreased.ConclusionOur data indicated that during the development of villi in early pregnancy, p53‐MDM2 signaling regulate cell cycle and angiogenesis through interaction with HIF‐1α and VEGF, which may be a crucial factor affecting pregnancy outcomes.
Not on Skid Row: Stigma Management in Addiction Treatment Organizations
Authors: Goodrick Elizabeth , Bagdasarian Jennifer Ling , Jarvis Lee C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe respond to a paucity of organizational scholarship considering how organizations manage their clientele's stigma as opposed to their own through studying the discursive stigma management efforts of addiction treatment organizations (ATOs). In studying the discursive stigma management of ATOs on behalf of their potential clientele, we offer some initial tactics organizations might use to reconstruct the stigma associated with fulfilling their mission. As a function of pursuing their missions, ATOs must elicit those with substance use disorder (SUD), who have largely concealable stigmas, to seek treatment from the organization. While not sharing the same stigma, reputable ATOs thus find themselves in the position of managing stigma on the behalf of their potential clientele. Analysing texts and images of three prominent US ATOs, we found the organizations managed stigma through discursive tactics directed at encouraging potential clientele's engagement. We contribute to the literature on organizational stigma management through (1) exploring the discursive tactics and strategies used by organizations to manage stigma attributed to their clientele, (2) exploring the role of constructing provisional selves in managing stigma, and (3) considering how neutralizing negative provisional selves is an important part of managing the stigma of potential clientele.
Selection to attract pollinators and to confuse antagonists specializes fig–pollinator chemical communications
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Yuan‐Ye , Zhang Yu , Chen Shan , Li Qian‐Ya , Wang Rong , Chen Xiao‐Yong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChemical communication is critical in establishing angiosperm–pollinator mutualisms. However, our understanding of how chemical communication shapes coevolution remains limited. Here, we integrated information theory to model three coevolutionary scenarios (I‒III), where the pollinator fitness is always optimized by the highest certainty of chemical information provided by plants, but plant fitness is determined by (I) the certainty of chemical information attracting pollinators, (II) the uncertainty of chemical information confusing antagonists, or (III) both aspects. We found that the statistical properties of empirical plant volatiles from 45 pairs of fig–pollinator mutualisms were best explained by the selection from both pollinators and antagonists (scenario III). Under this scenario, plant–pollinator mutualisms evolve to be specialized and as few as two volatile chemicals could supply sufficient information for pollinators’ host identification. Our study provides new insights into plant–pollinator coevolution and will facilitate further studies on the evolution and diversification in specialized plant–pollinator–herbivore systems.
Evidence‐based review of chlorhexidine gluconate and iodine in the preoperative skin preparation of young infants
Authors: Gilmore Molly , Cole Alexandra , DeGrazia Michele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThe preoperative preparation of young infants' skin requires special considerations. Commonly used solutions for preparing the skin preoperatively include chlorhexidine (CHG) and iodine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommendations for preparing skin for surgery and other invasive procedures for adults, but they do not have recommendations for young infants' skin. The purpose of this evidence‐based literature review is to synthesize the literature, compare, and inform healthcare providers about the safety and efficacy of CHG and iodine as preoperative preparation solutions for young infants' skin. For this project young infants is defined as infants less than 48 weeks' postmenstrual age and those born prematurely and less than 28 days old.ConclusionsWe analyze 19 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Three discussion themes emerge: systemic absorption, dermatologic burns, and CHG and iodine efficacy.Practice ImplicationsWe need more research regarding the safety and efficacy of CHG and iodine solutions for preoperative preparation of young infants' skin. Findings suggest the cautious use of CHG and iodine solutions on patients born at or before 28 weeks' postmenstrual age, especially those less than 28 days postnatal age.