bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous quality improvement at the frontline: One interdisciplinary clinical team's four‐year journey after completing a virtual learning program
Authors: Robinson Claire H. , Thompto Amy J. , Lima Elizabeth N. , Damschroder Laura J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is the largest integrated health system in the U.S. and has identified the learning health system as a strategic priority. Clinicians and staff engaging in active learning through continuous quality improvement (QI) is a key pillar for learning system maturity. An interdisciplinary frontline team at a VHA medical center participated in the Learn. Engage. Act. Process. (LEAP) virtual coaching program to learn how to conduct multidisciplinary team‐based QI cycles of change. These clinicians lead and deliver the MOVE! weight management program, an evidence‐based comprehensive lifestyle intervention. The team worked to continuously improve patient weight loss by engaging in incremental learning cycles of change. The aim of this study is to tell the story of this team's learning experience and the resulting positive reinforcing loop with patient outcomes.MethodsThis is a mixed methods case study description of one team that participated in the LEAP Program that provides hands‐on QI learning for frontline teams with virtual coaching and a structured curriculum. Autoethnographic qualitative descriptions of team experiences over time illustrate this team's continued engagement in learning loops. Multilevel linear modeling was used to assess patient outcomes before vs after the team's participation in LEAP.ResultsThe team's participation in LEAP provided a set of fundamental QI skills and established a commitment to continual learning. Incremental improvements led to significant weight loss for patients who participated in MOVE! after the team completed LEAP (mean = 9.80 pounds; SD 10.43) compared to the pre‐LEAP time period (mean = −6.83 pounds; SD 9.63).ConclusionsDespite competing priorities and time limitations, this team's experiences provide a positive vision of how team engagement in data‐driven continuous learning is feasible at the frontline and can lead to higher job satisfaction and stronger teams. These types of team activities provide much‐needed backbone to being a mature learning health system.
Dementia in health claims data: The influence of different case definitions on incidence and prevalence estimates
Authors: Riedel Oliver , Braitmaier Malte , Langner Ingo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe epidemiology of dementia subtypes including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) and their reliance on different case definitions (“algorithms”) in health claims data are still understudied.MethodsBased on health claims data, prevalence estimates (per 100 persons), incidence rates (IRs, per 100 person‐years), and proportions of AD, VD, and other dementias (oD) were calculated. Five algorithms of increasing strictness considered inpatient/outpatient diagnoses (#1, #2), antidementia drugs (#3) or supportive diagnostics (#4, #5).ResultsAlgorithm 1 detected 213,409 cases (#2: 197,400; #3: 48,688; #4: 3033; #5: 3105), a prevalence for any dementia of 3.44 and an IR of 1.39 (AD: 0.80/0.21, VD: 0.79/0.31). The prevalence decreased by algorithms for any dementia (#2: 3.19; #3: 0.75; #4: 0.04; #5: 0.05) as did IRs (#2: 1.13; #3: 0.18; #4: 0.05, #5: 0.05). Algorithms 1–2, and 4–5 revealed similar proportions of AD (23.3%–26.6%), VD (19.9%–23.2%), and oD (53.1%–53.8%), algorithm 3 estimated 45% (AD), 12.1% (VD), and 43.0% (oD).ConclusionsHealth claims data show lower estimates of AD than previously reported, due to markedly lower prevalent/incident proportions of patients with corresponding codes. Using medication in defining dementia potentially improves estimating the proportion of AD while supportive diagnostics were of limited use.
Nurse practitioner model of care for the initiation of pre‐exposure prophylaxis: A case series study
Authors: Cornelius Judith B. , Gunn Laura H. , Dalton Cynthia , Davis Bernard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to create and implement a nurse practitioner model of care in the initiation of a pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) protocol with African American men who have sex with men (MSM).DesignA case series design was used to implement the protocol for a nurse practitioner PrEP‐based model of care.MethodsThe participatory, evidence‐based, patient‐focus process (PEPPA) framework and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Doctoral Essentials for Advanced Practice were aligned to guide the development, implementation, and evaluation of this advanced practice role in an urban medical clinic.ResultsSeven African American HIV‐negative MSM who received treatment under the nurse practitioner PrEP‐based model of care had increased PrEP knowledge and medication adherence and did not contract a sexually transmitted infection.ConclusionsNew models of care can be created to meet the Getting to Zero HIV initiative of reducing rates of HIV infections with MSM.
Viscoelastic analysis of nano‐barium ferrite reinforced casting polyurethane
Authors: Gao Hanyang , Zhang Bang , Yang Fukang , Jiang Jiahao , Hu Guoxin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, barium ferrites (BFs) with an average particle size of 100 nanometers as filler are used to explore the improvement of the mechanical properties of casting polyurethane (CPU). The nano‐BFs‐filled CPU is prepared in situ by adding the suspension of nano‐BFs in DMF to polyurethane precursor. The dynamic mechanical analysis is carried out to investigate the viscoelastic properties of nano‐BFs‐filled polyurethane. It is found that the strain energy density (SED) and the hysteresis energy density (HED) of polyurethane composite increase significantly after adding nano‐BFs filler. For the filler content of 0.5 wt%, the SED and HED increase by 587% and 486% respectively, but the hysteresis loss for all of composites remains almost unchanged. The results of Payne effect study show that the storage modulus and the loss modulus of all nano‐BFs‐filled polyurethane composites are significantly higher than that of pure polymer. The storage modulus of 0.5 wt% nano‐BFs‐filled polyurethane is the highest. At 25°C, 1 Hz and strain of 10%, compared with pure polyurethane, the storage modulus of 0.5 wt% nano‐BFs‐filled polyurethane increases by 310%, while the loss modulus increases by only 116%. A small amount of nano‐BFs is sufficient to reduce the loss factor to 0.60 times that of pure polyurethane, which indicates that the material becomes more elastic after adding nano‐BFs. Our method can effectively coordinate the contradiction between strength and fatigue resistance of composites, significantly improving the energy storage modulus and reducing the loss factor while remaining the H index of hysteresis loss almost unchanged.
Different attentional focus sizes modulate the size–eccentricity effect
Authors: Wu Xiaogang , Liu Mingyuan , Wang Aijun , Zhang Ming 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe size–eccentricity effect is a perceptual distortion phenomenon in which a peripherally located object is perceived to be smaller than a centrally located object. Although the increase in apparent object size caused by attention has been documented, little is known about the effect of different sizes of attentional focus on object appearance. The present study investigated how different sizes of attentional focus affect the size–eccentricity effect using a spatial pre‐cueing paradigm. Additionally, we examined the influence of different task types on size perception. A peripheral object following a small attentional focus appeared larger, without observation of the size–eccentricity effect. In contrast, a peripheral object appeared smaller following a large attentional focus in both larger and smaller judgement tasks. These results suggest that the relative size of the attentional focus has opposite effects on the perception of object size, independent of task type. Furthermore, in addition to the structural properties of the retina and the locus of attention, the size of attentional focus determines the extent to which an object appears smaller in the periphery. The present study complements the attentional attraction field model of the size and density of population receptive fields in V1 and further explains how the effect of attention is restricted by retinal structure.
Development of perception of gifted label scale (PGLS): A validity and reliability study
Authors: Tercan Hülya , Yildiz Biçakci Müdriye 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study attempted to create a valid and reliable instrument to measure how gifted children perceive the gifted label and others' perceptions of giftedness. We recruited a total of 300 gifted Turkish children (59.3% males; 40.7% females) aged 10–13 years (M = 11.4, SD = 0.99) to this validity and reliability study. For validity concerns, we first pooled the items relying on the relevant theoretical frameworks. Next, we resorted to expert opinions and employed the Lawshe technique to explore the content validity of the scale. Then, we performed confirmatory factor analysis to investigate the construct validity of the scale after checking multivariate normality through the Relative Multivariate Kurtosis value. Finally, we calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficients to reveal the internal consistency of the five‐factor model. Content validity ratio values showed that each item on the scale yielded an acceptable level of content validity. In addition, we concluded a significant Content validity index for the scale (0.82). Finally, we calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficients to be higher than .70 for the subscales. Overall, the findings suggested that the perception of gifted label scale (PGLS) has an acceptable psychometric quality regarding its validity and reliability. Gifted children's self‐reports may provide more valuable data to better understand the labeling phenomenon and help design preventive educational interventions against the negative impacts of labeling. Therefore the PGLS may lead the way of future studies on the effects of the gifted label on gifted children.
Kinetic and mechanistic studies of the Staudinger reduction: On the chemistry of aryl phosphazides
Authors: Corrigan Samantha Y. , Poole James S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Staudinger reduction of heteroaryl azides containing an N‐oxide moiety with triphenylphosphine in mixed aqueous/THF solutions yields a mixture of amine and iminophosphorane products. A product analysis study using a combination of 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopic techniques indicates that in these systems, even under mild conditions, the amine product is generated, not from the hydrolysis of the iminophosphorane as expected from the standard reaction mechanism, but via hydrolysis of the phosphazide intermediate. The amount of amine generated is dependent on the structure of the starting azides, the composition of solvent, and the reaction conditions. The possible mechanisms of amine formation under acidic, neutral, and basic conditions are discussed.
CSM‐peptides: A computational approach to rapid identification of therapeutic peptides
Authors: Rodrigues Carlos H. M. , Garg Anjali , Keizer David , Pires Douglas E. V. , Ascher David B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPeptides are attractive alternatives for the development of new therapeutic strategies due to their versatility and low complexity of synthesis. Increasing interest in these molecules has led to the creation of large collections of experimentally characterized therapeutic peptides, which greatly contributes to development of data‐driven computational approaches. Here we propose CSM‐peptides, a novel machine learning method for rapid identification of eight different types of therapeutic peptides: anti‐angiogenic, anti‐bacterial, anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐viral, cell‐penetrating, quorum sensing, and surface binding. Our method has shown to outperform existing approaches, achieving an AUC of up to 0.92 on independent blind tests, and consistent performance on cross‐validation. We anticipate CSM‐peptides to be of great value in helping screening large libraries to identify novel peptides with therapeutic potential and have made it freely available as a user‐friendly web server and Application Programming Interface at https://biosig.lab.uq.edu.au/csm_peptides.
The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on pulmonary hypertension: What have we learned?
Authors: Hinojosa Williams , Cristo‐Ropero María José , Cruz‐Utrilla Alejandro , Segura de la Cal Teresa , López‐Medrano Francisco , Salguero‐Bodes Rafael , Pérez‐Olivares Carmen , Navarro Begoña , Ochoa Nuria , Arribas Ynsurriaga Fernando , Escribano‐Subias Pilar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID‐19) pandemic threatened the Spanish health‐care system. Patients with demanding conditions such as precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) faced a potentially severe infection, while their usual access to medical care was restricted. This prospective, unicentric study assessed the impact of COVID‐19 on PH patients' outcomes and the operational changes in the PH network. Sixty‐three PH patients (41 pulmonary arterial hypertension [PAH]; 22 chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension [CTEPH]) experienced COVID‐19. Overall mortality was 9.5% without differences when stratifying by hemodynamics or PAH‐risk score. Patients who died were older (73.6 ± 5 vs. 52.2 ± 15.4; p = 0.001), with more comorbidities (higher Charlson index: 4.17 ± 2.48 vs. 1.14 ± 1.67; p = 0.0002). Referrals to the PH expert center decreased compared to the previous 3 years (123 vs. 160; p = 0.002). The outpatient activity shifted toward greater use of telemedicine. Balloon pulmonary angioplasty activity could be maintained after the first pandemic wave and lockdown while pulmonary thromboendarterectomy procedures decreased (19 vs. 36; p = 0.017). Pulmonary transplantation activity remained similar. The COVID‐19 mortality in PAH/CTEPH patients was not related to hemodynamic severity or risk stratification, but to comorbidities. The pandemic imposed structural changes but a planned organization and resource reallocation made it possible to maintain PH patients' care.
Towards telemedicine in pulmonary hypertension: Assessing the feasibility of remote quality of life and exercise capacity assessment
Authors: Stubbs Harrison , Brewis Melanie , Church Colin , Johnson Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPatients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) are happy to perform simple exercise capacity tests at home and believe this is feasible. A proportion of patients are able to use an electronic form to complete quality of life questionnaires. These findings are being used to build a telemedicine strategy for PH patients.
High‐resolution mass spectrometry exhalome profiling with a modified direct analysis in real time ion source
Authors: Xu Liping , Zhang Kai , Geng Xin , Li Hongli , Chen David Da Yong 
Published: September 2022

RationaleExhaled breath contains many substances that are closely related to human metabolism. Analysis of its composition is important for human health, but it is difficult. Since the volatile molecules in breath samples are exhaled instantaneously, easily diffused and modified, and at low level of presence, they are difficult to identify and quantify.MethodsA modified direct analysis in real time ion source was used for high‐resolution mass spectrometry measurement of human metabolites in exhaled breath through online monitoring and offline analysis, in both positive and negative ion modes. The improved system enabled the breath volatiles as well as condensates to be directly sampled, rapidly transmitted and efficiently ionized in a confined region, and then detected using an Orbitrap mass analyzer.ResultsThe molecular features with online and offline analysis of exhaled breath were demonstrated with obvious differences. A total of about 65 metabolites in positive ion mode and about 55 metabolites in negative ion mode were identified based on accurate m/z values. Exhalome profile and the composition proportion of different classes of compounds were obtained. The relative contents of metabolites from breath varied during different time periods throughout a day.ConclusionsA more complete picture of the human breath metabolome was provided combining the results obtained from both online and offline analysis. The developed method allows analysis of breath samples with different status rapidly and directly, and it features simple operation and metabolite identification, requiring little or no sample preparation.
Accelerated synthesis of phthalimide derivatives: Intrinsic reactivity of diamines towards phthalic anhydride evaluated by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: de Paula Camila Cristina Almeida , Binatti Ildefonso , Coelho Pimenta João Victor , Augusti Rodinei 
Published: September 2022

RationalePaper spray (PS) is a simple and innovative ambient ionization technique for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Under PS‐MS conditions, chemical reactions, which usually occur slowly on a bulk scale, are accelerated. Moreover, the formation of products and transient species can be easily monitored. In this manuscript, reactions between phthalic anhydride and diamines were conducted and monitored using a PS‐MS platform. The reaction products (phthalimides) have many pharmaceutical applications, but their traditional syntheses can take hours under reflux, requiring laborious purification steps.MethodsIn situ reactions were performed by dropping methanolic solutions of phthalic anhydride and diamines on a triangular paper. The analyses were achieved by positioning the triangle tip in front of the mass spectrometer entrance, whereas a metal clip was attached to the triangle base. After adding methanol to the paper, a high voltage was applied across the metal clip, and the mass spectra were acquired.ResultsThe intrinsic reactivity of alkyl and aromatic diamines was evaluated. The carbon chain remarkably influenced the reactivity of aliphatic diamines. For aryl diamines, the ortho isomer was the most reactive. Moreover, for aryl amines with electron‐withdrawing substituents, no reaction was noticed.ConclusionsTaking advantage of the unique characteristics of PS‐MS, it was possible to investigate the intrinsic reactivity of model alkyl (ethylene versus propylene) and aryl (o‐phenylene versus m‐phenylene and p‐phenylene) diamines towards phthalic anhydride. Some crucial parameters that affect the intrinsic reactivity of organic molecules, such as isomerism, intramolecular interaction, and conformation, were easily explored.
Connected epistemic practices in laboratory‐based engineering design projects for large‐course instruction
Authors: Koretsky Milo D. , Nefcy Erick J. , Nolen Susan Bobbit , Champagne Audrey B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn both K‐12 and university settings, instructors and curriculum developers need to create learning experiences that provide students opportunities to engage in the disciplinary practices of science and engineering. However, instructional contexts pose challenges in developing such tasks. Using a framework focusing on conceptual and material epistemic practices and tools, we used a within‐subjects comparison to explore two different types of task designs, given realistic constraints posed by a large‐enrollment university engineering laboratory course. We investigated students’ modeling and experimental activity at scale using an innovative data analysis tool, Model Maps, looking for evidence of epistemic practices in student laboratory notebooks and in their post‐project presentations. We compared inscriptions of 29 teams across three laboratory projects and found a greater number and diversity of model components in a virtual laboratory project than in two physical laboratory projects. While fitting into the same instructional “space,” the virtual laboratory task, compared to the physical tasks, better afforded iteration. The iterative development engaged students in two important features of engineering epistemic practice. First, teams had the opportunity to engage in interlocking conceptual and material practices. Second the need to reconcile experimental data with their process models elicited the authorship of free moves together with the accountability of forced moves. Implications for designing instruction to incorporate epistemic practices in engineering and science education are described.
Photo‐Programmed Deformations in Rigid Liquid Crystalline Polymers Triggered by Body Temperature
Authors: Kim Hyunsu , Li Jing , Hsieh Yves S. Y. , Cho Maenghyo , Ahn Sung‐Hoon , Li Chenzhe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeformations triggered by body heat are desirable in the context of shape‐morphing applications because, under the majority of circumstances, the human body maintains a higher temperature than that of its surroundings. However, at present, this bioenergy‐triggered action is primarily limited to soft polymeric networks. Thus, herein, the programming of body temperature‐triggered deformations into rigid azobenzene‐containing liquid crystalline polymers (azo‐LCPs) with a glass‐transition temperature of 100 °C is demonstrated. To achieve this, a mechano‐assisted photo‐programming strategy is used to create a metastable state with room‐temperature stable residual stress, which is induced by the isomerization of azobenzene. The programmed rigid azo‐LCP can undergo large‐amplitude body temperature‐triggered shape changes within minutes and can be regenerated without any performance degradation. By changing the programming photomasks and irradiation conditions employed, various 2D to 3D shape‐morphing architectures, including folded clips, inch‐worm structures, spiral structures, and snap‐through motions are achieved. When programmed with polarized light, the proposed strategy results in domain‐selective activation, generating designed characteristics in multi‐domain azo‐LCPs. The reported strategy is therefore expected to broaden the applications of azo‐LCPs in the fields of biomedical and flexible microelectronic devices.
A 1‐year randomized controlled trial of a nutritional blend to improve nutritional biomarkers and prevent cognitive decline among community‐dwelling older adults: The Nolan Study
Authors: Giudici Kelly V. , Guyonnet Sophie , Cantet Christelle , de Souto Barreto Philipe , Weiner Michael W. , Tosun Duygu , Boschat Corina , Hudry Julie , Andrieu Sandrine , Vellas Bruno , Schmitt Jeroen A. J. ,   for the Nolan/DSA group
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to test the efficacy of a nutritional blend (NB) in improving nutritional biomarkers and preventing cognitive decline among older adults.MethodsA 1‐year randomized, double‐blind, multicenter, placebo‐controlled trial with 362 adults (58.6% female, mean 78.3 years, SD = 4.8) receiving an NB or placebo. Erythrocyte ω‐3 index and homocysteine concentrations were primary outcomes. Other outcomes included Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Applied Cognition‐Abilities, composite cognitive score (CCS), Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI) self‐assessment and study partner, hippocampal volume (HV), and Alzheimer's disease signature cortical thickness (CT).ResultsA total of 305 subjects completed the follow‐up. Supplementation increased ω‐3 index and decreased homocysteine, but did not affect CCS, CFI self‐assessment, HV, and CT. Placebo improved and treatment did not change PROMIS at 1 month. Intervention showed a positive effect on CFI study partner.DiscussionAlthough improving nutritional biomarkers, this 1‐year trial with a multi‐nutrient novel approach was not able to show effects on cognitive outcomes among older adults.