bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical performance and chemical stability of proton‐conducting BaZr0.8−xCexY0.2O3−δ electrolytes
Authors: Zhou Mingyang , Liu Zhijun , Chen Meilong , Zhu Ziyi , Cao Dan , Liu Jiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProtonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) using BaZr0.8−xCexY0.2O3−δ (BZCY) as electrolyte materials have attracted widespread attention because of their high performance at reduced temperature. However, there are few systematic studies on both the performance and stability of BZCY materials. In this paper, we report our work on the electrochemical performance and chemical stability of BaZr0.8−xCexY0.2O3−δ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7) series. The results show that electronic hole conductivity decreases with increasing Ce4+ content, especially at high temperature. In addition, H2 atmosphere reduces the conductive activation energy of BZCY. On the contrary, air atmosphere causes serious electronic leakage. These effects are also reflected in the operation of PCFCs, that is, the higher the Ce4+ content, the higher the open‐circuit voltage and output power density. However, low Ce4+ content may stabilize the materials in CO2 atmosphere. At 700°C, an anode‐supported PCFC based on BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3−δ electrolyte, using humid H2 fuel, gives a peak power density of 1.0 W cm−2. At 600°C, BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ and BaZr0.7Ce0.1Y0.2O3−δ show a good stability in CO2‐containing atmosphere.
Correlation between non‐insulin‐based insulin resistance indexes and the risk of prehypertension: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yu Chaoping , Ye Runyu , Liu Tianhu , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe authors aimed to characterize the relationships between non‐insulin‐based insulin resistance (IR) indexes and the risk of prehypertension, and to compare their abilities to identify prehypertension. The authors recruited 3274 adults who did not have hypertension and were not taking hypoglycemic or lipid‐lowering medications. The triglyceride‐to‐high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL‐C), fasting triglyceride and glucose index (TyG), and metabolic score for IR (METS‐IR) were calculated. Bivariate Spearman's correlation analysis and multiple logistic analysis were used. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the ability of the three indexes to identify prehypertension. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) positively correlated with TG/HDL‐C (r = .272, P < .001), TyG (r = .286, P < .001), and METS‐IR (r = .340, P < .001) in the entire cohort. Multiple logistic analysis showed that the proportion of prehypertension in the third and fourth quartiles of the TG/HDL‐C (Q3 vs. Q1: odds ratio (OR) = 1.527, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.243–1.988; Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 1.580, 95% CI: 1.231–2.028), TyG (Q3 vs. Q1: OR = 1.519, 95% CI: 1.201–1.923; Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 1.658, 95% CI: 1.312–2.614), and METS‐IR (Q3 vs. Q1: OR = 1.542, 95% CI: 1.138–2.090; Q4 vs. Q1:OR = 2.216, 95% CI: 1.474–3.331) were significantly higher than in the lowest quartiles. The areas under the curves and 95% CIs for the identification of prehypertension were .647 (.628–.667) for TG/HDL‐C, .650 (.631–.669) for TyG, and .683 (.664–.702) for METS‐IR, respectively. Thus, non‐insulin‐based IR indexes (TG/HDL‐C, TyG, and METS‐IR) are significantly associated with the risk of prehypertension. Furthermore, METS‐IR is better able to identify prehypertension than TG/HDL‐C and TyG. These non‐insulin‐based IR indexes might assist with the prevention of hypertension in primary care and areas with limited medical resources.
Punctate Administration of Ficin as a human and animal model of non‐histaminergic itch
Authors: Malewicz N.M. , Ieong H.F.‐h. , Oeck S. , Kumowski N. , Zhang Z. , Shimada S.G. , LaMotte R.H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFicin, a cysteine protease derived from fig‐tree latex, has been reported to elicit itch and nociceptive sensations, though quantitative sensory studies are lacking. Cowhage containing the pruritic cysteine Mucunain, on the contrary, has been widely studied as activating polymodal nociceptors and eliciting a histamine‐independent itch.ObjectivesWe tested whether ficin in heat‐inactivated cowhage spicules would elicit itch and nociceptive sensations in humans, and analogous behaviours in mice, which are similar to those evoked by native cowhage, and whether these behaviours in mice were dose‐dependent when ficin was injected intradermally.MethodsHuman volunteers rated the magnitude of itch and nociceptive sensations evoked by either native cowhage spicules or heat‐inactivated spicules soaked in 1, 10 or 100 mg/mL ficin (0.03, 0.3 and 3 ng of ficin in spicule tip), applied to forearm. In mice, itch‐like scratching and nociceptive‐like wiping were recorded in response to either native cowhage, to heat‐inactivated spicules that were either inactive or contained 100 mg/mL ficin, or to intradermal injections of 1.25, 2.5 or 5 μg/ 5 μL, each treatment applied to the cheek.ResultsThe dose of 100 mg/mL ficin in spicules evoked comparable magnitudes of itch, nociceptive sensations and areas of cutaneous dysesthesia as native cowhage in humans and comparable itch‐like scratching and pain‐like wiping behaviours in mice. But to elicit similar behaviours when injected intradermally in mice a greater amount of ficin (1.25 μg) was required.ConclusionSpicule delivery or intradermal injection of ficin elicits behaviours in mice that model itch and nociceptive sensations in humans, suggesting that ficin may be useful in translating mechanistic research on the neural mechanisms of pruritic and nociceptive effects of cysteine proteases between the two species.
A metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGlu3R) isoform playing neurodegenerative roles in astrocytes is prematurely up‐regulated in an Alzheimerʼs model
Authors: Turati Juan , Rudi Julieta , Beauquis Juan , Carniglia Lila , López Couselo Federico , Saba Julieta , Caruso Carla , Saravia Flavia , Lasaga Mercedes , Durand Daniela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSubtype 3 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu3R) displays a broad range of neuroprotective effects. We previously demonstrated that mGlu3R activation in astrocytes protects hippocampal neurons from Aβ neurotoxicity through stimulation of both neurotrophin release and Aβ uptake. Alternative‐spliced variants of mGlu3R were found in human brains. The most prevalent variant, mGlu3Δ4, lacks exon 4 encoding the transmembrane domain and can inhibit ligand binding to mGlu3R. To date, neither its role in neurodegenerative disorders nor its endogenous expression in CNS cells has been addressed. The present paper describes for the first time an association between altered hippocampal expression of mGlu3Δ4 and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the preclinical murine model PDAPP‐J20, as well as a deleterious effect of mGlu3Δ4 in astrocytes. As assessed by western blot, hippocampal mGlu3R levels progressively decreased with age in PDAPP‐J20 mice. On the contrary, mGlu3Δ4 levels were drastically increased with aging in nontransgenic mice, but prematurely over‐expressed in 5‐month‐old PDAPP‐J20‐derived hippocampi, prior to massive senile plaque deposition. Also, we found that mGlu3Δ4 co‐precipitated with mGlu3R mainly in 5‐month‐old PDAPP‐J20 mice. We further showed by western blot that primary cultured astrocytes and neurons expressed mGlu3Δ4, whose levels were reduced by Aβ, thereby discouraging a causal effect of Aβ on mGlu3Δ4 induction. However, heterologous expression of mGlu3Δ4 in astrocytes induced cell death, inhibited mGlu3R expression, and prevented mGlu3R‐dependent Aβ glial uptake. Indeed, mGlu3Δ4 promoted neurodegeneration in neuron–glia co‐cultures. These results provide evidence of an inhibitory role of mGlu3Δ4 in mGlu3R‐mediated glial neuroprotective pathways, which may lie behind AD onset.

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Real‐world efficacy of lutetium peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in patients with neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Almeamar Hussein , Cullen Lisa , Murphy David J. , Crowley Rachel K. , Toumpanakis Christos , Welin Staffan , O'Shea Donal , O'Toole Dermot 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLutetium peptide receptor radio nuclide therapy (Lu‐PRRT) is an effective treatment for progressive, metastatic, somatostatin‐receptor‐positive, well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (WD‐NETs). Here, we report a single centre experience of real‐world efficacy, long‐term side effects, and challenges of this treatment. This was a retrospective analysis. All patients linked with our centre who had Lu‐PRRT were included. Clinicopathological data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Kaplan–Meier, and Cox regression. A total of 45 patients had Lu‐PRRT, of those 30 (67%) were males, and 13 (29%) were more than 65 years old. The primary site was small intestine in 30 (67%) patients, pancreas in seven (16%) patients, and lung in three (7%) patients. The tumor was grade 1 in 15 (35%) patients, grade 2 in 22 (48%) patients, and grade 3 in six (13%) patients. A total of 41 (91%) patients had liver metastasis, and 20 (44%) patients had carcinoid syndrome. Lu‐PRRT was the second‐line therapy in all patients. Krenning's score was 4 in 36 (80%) patients and 3 in nine (20%) patients. The median waiting time to start Lu‐PRRT therapy was 87 days. The median follow‐up was 41 months. A total of 23 (51%) patients had a partial response, 18 (40%) patients had stable disease, and four (9%) patients had progression. None of the patients had a complete response. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 38 months (95% CI: 25.8–50.1). The median overall survival (OS) was not reached. Nine patients died during follow‐up (death from any cause). Prior treatment with targeted therapies or high dose somatostatin analogues were negative predictors of Lu‐PRRT outcome (p‐values of < .001 and < .045, respectively). There were two serious haematological toxicities, one patient developed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and the other developed chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Lu‐PRRT is an effective second‐line treatment for metastatic WD‐NETs. The effect of targeted therapies on Lu‐PRRT outcome was significant and needs to be clarified in further studies.
Effect of antiepileptic drugs on serum biochemical marker levels of first and second trimester screening tests
Authors: Besimoglu Berhan , Öcal Fatma Doğa , Sinaci Selcan , Atalay Ayşegül , Tanaçan Atakan , Şahin Dilek 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesOur aim in this study was to evaluate the effect of antiepileptic drugs on biochemical components of screening tests.Materials and MethodsThis longitudinal case–control study was performed at Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, from June 2020 to January 2021. The case group included epileptic singleton pregnant women which were using antiepileptic drugs, between 18 and 44 years of age. The control group included healthy pregnant women between 18 and 44 years old who did not use any drugs. Maternal medical, obstetric, and gynecological history were recorded. The antiepileptic agents that are used in our study were; lamotrigine, levetiracetam, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, valproic acid, and clonazepam. For the aneuploidy screening program conducted in our laboratory, the biochemical markers that are analyzed include; free b‐hCG and PAPP‐A in the first trimester, as well as AFP, HCG, and unconjugated estriol (uE3) in the second trimester. MoM values of these markers were compared between the case and control groups.ResultsFifty‐three pregnant women with epilepsy using antiepileptic drugs were compared with 106 healthy pregnant women. The levels of serum‐free b‐hCG, and PAPP‐A were similar between the case and control groups (p = 0.653, p = 0.351). For the second‐trimester screening biochemical markers, the maternal serum uE3 and AFP levels expressed as MoM were significantly higher in the epileptic group than in the control patients (p = 0.015 and p = 0.001).ConclusionSerum marker levels of second‐trimester screening tests may be affected by antiepileptic drugs, which may lead to misinterpretation of the risk level. Antiepileptic drug usage should be considered when evaluating screening test results.
A coherent biogeographical framework for Old World Neogene and Pleistocene mammals
Authors: Gibert Corentin , Zacaï Axelle , Fluteau Frédéric , Ramstein Gilles , Chavasseau Olivier , Thiery Ghislain , Souron Antoine , Banks William , Guy Franck , Barboni Doris , Sepulchre Pierre , Blondel Cécile , Merceron Gildas , Otero Olga 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to understand mammalian evolution and compute a wide range of biodiversity indices, we commonly use the ‘bioregion’, a spatial division adapted to ecological and evolutionary constraints. While commonly conducted by neontologists, the establishment of bioregions in palaeontology is generally a secondary analysis, shaped on subjective time scales and areas specific to the investigated questions and groups. This heterogeneity, coupled with the scale‐dependency of biodiversity indices, prevents the clear identification of macroecological and macroevolutionary trends for large taxonomic groups like extinct mammals. Here we tackle this issue by providing a coherent framework for Neogene and Pleistocene mammals of the Old World following two steps: (1) a temporal scale adapted to mammalian evolutionary history (i.e. evolutionary fauna) is defined by poly‐cohort analysis; (2) bioregions are then computed for each evolutionary fauna by clustering, ordination and intermediate approaches at multiples spatial scales (i.e. continental to regional) for Eurasia and Africa. Additionally, providing a coherent framework for a wide range of mammalian datasets, our results show: (1) the synchronous emergence and fall of five mammalian evolutionary faunas identified at chronological scales varying from the epoch to the geological stage; (2) a transition from a longitudinal to a latitudinal biogeographical structuring between the Miocene and Pliocene, especially in Europe; (3) the long‐term affinity of southern Asian with African faunas, in sharp contrast with the modern Palaearctic bioregion extension; and (4) the establishment of a vast Mediterranean bioregion from fragmented areas in the Late Miocene to its full extent in the Pleistocene.
The benefits of specialized knowledge in polycentric governance
Authors: Vantaggiato Francesca Pia , Lubell Mark 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolicy forums bring individual actors together to deliberate on specific policy issues. The literature found that actors' perceptions of forum performance depend on both their individual characteristics (goals, expertise, resources) and forum processes (trust, learning, beliefs). However, we do not know how different combinations of actors, embodying different types of knowledge or expertise, relate to forum performance. We distinguish between policy and institutional specialization. Forum participants can be policy specialists, who are experts on the policy issue, and/or institutional specialists, who are expert of the policy process in the governance system. The former excel at problem definition and facilitation; the latter enable inclusivity. We surmise that higher proportions of specialized actors positively affect the group's perceptions of forum performance in terms of both process and outcomes, particularly in high conflict forums. We test this claim using survey data on 55 policy forums working on adaptation to sea level rise in the San Francisco Bay Area, collected in summer 2018. The empirical findings lend support to our hypothesis as concerns policy specialists but not as concerns institutional specialists. Further research should devote more effort to study how actor composition affects forum performance.
Semen characteristics of ganders kept as genetic resources conservation programme
Authors: Łukaszewicz Ewa , Jerysz Anna , Kowalczyk Artur 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe creation of genetic reserves of domesticated animal species and breeds almost become a necessity in the recent years, but there is a question what is the value of semen of males kept ex situ in vivo as gene conservation flocks. Presented studies assessed the response to semen collection by dorso‐abdominal massage and the quantitative and qualitative semen characteristics of six goose breeds (Pomorska, Garbonosa, Kuban, Landes, Roman and Slovakia) covered by the genetic resources’ protection programme. Fourteen semen collection attempts were performed per male. In each breed there were ganders with low and high sensitivity to massage. The most positive reactions were stated in Pomorska ganders (67.9%) and the least in Kuban breed (52.60%). Individual male evaluation showed that only in three breeds (Pomorska, Garbonosa and Kuban) there were individuals showing 100% susceptibility to semen collection, in some breeds only one to four positive reactions (ending with ejaculation) were noted. Results obtained indicated breed and male effect on analysed semen traits, with the exception of sperm motility. The highest number of live normal sperm (44.2% on average), sperm concentration (530 × 106 ml−1), the highest Semen Quality Factor (92.9) and sperm motility (50.30%) were found in semen of Kuban ganders, while the lowest values of these traits (28.7%; 230 × 106 ml−1; 11.4 respectively) in Slovakia ganders. The lowest sperm motility (38.3%) was observed in ganders of Roman breed, but comparing to the other breeds existing differences were not significant. Significant differences in sperm morphology between individual ganders were also observed.
Non-Participation in Smartphone Data Collection Using Research Apps
Authors: Keusch Florian , Bähr Sebastian , Haas Georg-Christoph , Kreuter Frauke , Trappmann Mark , Eckman Stephanie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Research apps allow to administer survey questions and passively collect smartphone data, thus providing rich information on individual and social behaviours. Agreeing to this novel form of data collection requires multiple consent steps, and little is known about the effect of non-participation. We invited 4,293 Android smartphone owners from the German Panel Study Labour Market and Social Security (PASS) to download the IAB-SMART app. The app collected data over six months through (a) short in-app surveys and (b) five passive mobile data collection functions. The rich information on PASS members from previous survey waves allows us to compare participants and non-participants in the IAB-SMART study at the individual stages of the participation process and across the different types of data collected. We find that 14.5 percent of the invited smartphone users installed the app, between 12.2 and 13.4 percent provided the different types of passively collected data, and 10.8 percent provided all types of data at least once. Likelihood to participate was smaller among women, decreased with age and increased with educational attainment, German citizenship, and PASS tenure. We find non-participation bias in substantive variables, including overestimation of social media usage and social network size and underestimation of non-working status.
Testing for a Change in Mean after Changepoint Detection
Authors: Jewell Sean , Fearnhead Paul , Witten Daniela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhile many methods are available to detect structural changes in a time series, few procedures are available to quantify the uncertainty of these estimates post-detection. In this work, we fill this gap by proposing a new framework to test the null hypothesis that there is no change in mean around an estimated changepoint. We further show that it is possible to efficiently carry out this framework in the case of changepoints estimated by binary segmentation and its variants, ℓ0 segmentation, or the fused lasso. Our setup allows us to condition on much less information than existing approaches, which yields higher powered tests. We apply our proposals in a simulation study and on a dataset of chromosomal guanine-cytosine content. These approaches are freely available in the R package ChangepointInference at https://jewellsean.github.io/changepoint-inference/.
Optimal and Maximin Procedures for Multiple Testing Problems
Authors: Rosset Saharon , Heller Ruth , Painsky Amichai , Aharoni Ehud 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMultiple testing problems (MTPs) are a staple of modern statistical analysis. The fundamental objective of MTPs is to reject as many false null hypotheses as possible (that is, maximize some notion of power), subject to controlling an overall measure of false discovery, like family-wise error rate (FWER) or false discovery rate (FDR). In this paper we provide generalizations to MTPs of the optimal Neyman-Pearson test for a single hypothesis. We show that for simple hypotheses, for both FWER and FDR and relevant notions of power, finding the optimal multiple testing procedure can be formulated as infinite dimensional binary programs and can in principle be solved for any number of hypotheses. We also characterize maximin rules for complex alternatives, and demonstrate that such rules can be found in practice, leading to improved practical procedures compared to existing alternatives that guarantee strong error control on the entire parameter space. We demonstrate the usefulness of these novel rules for identifying which studies contain signal in numerical experiments as well as in application to clinical trials with multiple studies. In various settings, the increase in power from using optimal and maximin procedures can range from 15% to more than 100%.
The racial state and the violent (re)production of educational inequality
Authors: Alicea Julio Angel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article defines and situates the concept of the racial state within the sociological literature on educational inequality. Currently, much of the sociology of education literature fails to engage with theories of the state or does so in undertheorized ways. Drawing on theories of the racial state and forms of state violence, this article contributes to literature in political sociology, race and racism, and education. It does so by arguing that the U.S. is a racial state that violently produces and reproduces educational inequality through structural, symbolic, and institutional violence. In charting a research program for a racial state analysis of educational inequality, it provides examples of each kind of state violence and provides suggestions for future research, which may be termed a political sociology of education. The article concludes by noting the value of the state violence framework presented for sociological studies of state authority and comparative work that looks across geographical and historical contexts.