bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence, risk factors, outcomes, and clinical management of BK viremia in the modern era of kidney transplantation
Authors: Qeska Denis , Wong Rebecca Bic Kay , Famure Olusegun , Li Yanhong , Pang Hilary , Liang Xin Yun , Zhu Mary Parker , Husain Shahid , Kim Sang Joseph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBK viremia is endemic among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Incidence, risk factors, outcomes, and clinical
management of detectable versus high BK viremia have not been considered previously in KTR in the modern era. This observational study examined KTR transplanted between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2016. Any BK viral load in the serum constituted detectable BK viremia and ≥103 copies/ml constituted high viremia. Among 1193 KTRs, the cumulative probability of developing detectable and high BK viremia within 2 years posttransplant were 27.8% and 19.6%, respectively. Significant risk factors for detectable BK viremia included recipient age (HR 1.02 [95% CI: 1.01, 1.03]) and donor age (HR 1.01 [95% CI: 1.00, 1.02]). Recipient age also predicted high BK viremia (HR 1.02 [95% CI: 1.01, 1.03]), whereas White race (HR 0.70 [95% CI: 0.52, 0.95]), nondepleting induction therapy (HR 0.61 [95% CI: 0.42, 0.89]), and delayed graft function (HR 0.61 [95% CI: 0.42, 0.88]) were protective. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rates were 4.28 ml/min/1.72 m2 (95% CI: 2.71, 5.84) lower with detectable BK viremia. Although low viral load was usually not acted upon at first presentation, antiproliferative dose reductions were the most common initial management. BK viremia remains a common early complication in a modern cohort of KTRs. These findings highlight the benefit of early BKV monitoring in addition to intensive clinical management. Clinical responses beyond first positive BK viremia tests, and their implications for graft outcomes, merit further investigation.
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Measuring multimorbidity in research: Delphi consensus study
Authors: Ho Iris S S , Azcoaga-Lorenzo Amaya , Akbari Ashley , Davies Jim , Khunti Kamlesh , Kadam Umesh T , Lyons Ronan A , McCowan Colin , Mercer Stewart W , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Staniszewska Sophie , Guthrie Bruce 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo develop international consensus on the definition and measurement of multimorbidity in research.DesignDelphi consensus study.SettingInternational consensus; data collected in three online rounds from participants between 30 November 2020 and 18 May 2021.ParticipantsProfessionals interested in multimorbidity and people with long term conditions were recruited to professional and public panels.Results150 professional and 25 public participants completed the first survey round. Response rates for rounds 2/3 were 83%/92% for professionals and 88%/93% in the public panel, respectively. Across both panels, the consensus was that multimorbidity should be defined as two or more long term conditions. Complex multimorbidity was perceived to be a useful concept, but the panels were unable to agree on how to define it. Both panels agreed that conditions should be included in a multimorbidity measure if they were one or more of the following: currently active; permanent in their effects; requiring current treatment, care, or therapy; requiring surveillance; or relapsing-remitting conditions requiring ongoing care. Consensus was reached for 24 conditions to always include in multimorbidity measures, and 35 conditions to usually include unless a good reason not to existed. Simple counts were preferred for estimating prevalence and examining clustering or trajectories, and weighted measures were preferred for risk adjustment and outcome prediction.ConclusionsPrevious multimorbidity research is limited by inconsistent definitions and approaches to measuring multimorbidity. This Delphi study identifies professional and public panel consensus guidance to facilitate consistency of definition and measurement, and to improve study comparability and reproducibility.
Serum IgG levels to Epstein-Barr and measles viruses in patients with multiple sclerosis during natalizumab and interferon beta treatment
Authors: Persson Berg Linn , Eriksson Marcus , Longhi Sonia , Kockum Ingrid , Warnke Clemens , Thomsson Elisabeth , Bäckström Malin , Olsson Tomas , Fogdell-Hahn Anna , Bergström Tomas 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPatients with multiple sclerosis (MS) demonstrate higher seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and increased anti-EBV IgG levels in serum compared with healthy controls. Intrathecal antibody production to measles virus (MeV) is a common finding in patients with MS.ObjectiveTo measure serum IgG reactivity to EBV glycoprotein 350 (gp350) and MeV nucleocapsid protein (NCORE) in patients with MS and healthy controls and to determine if reactivity changed in patients during interferon beta (IFNβ) and/or natalizumab (NAT) treatment. A secondary aim was to determine the seroprevalence of EBV in patients and controls.MethodsPatients with MS (n=728) were included from the Swedish pharmacovigilance study for NAT. Paired serum samples from 714 patients drawn before and during NAT treatment and paired samples from 170 patients during prior IFNβ treatment were analysed. In total, 156 patients were included in both groups. Samples from 144 matched blood donors served as controls. Indirect ELISA was applied using recombinant EBVgp350 and MeV NCOREas antigens. EBVgp350 IgG seronegative samples were also analysed using EBV nuclear antigen 1 and viral capsid antigen (VCA).ResultsPatients with MS showed higher serum levels of anti-EBVgp350 and anti-MeV NCOREIgG compared with controls. During NAT treatment, the levels of anti-EBVgp350 and anti-MeV NCOREIgG declined, compared with the relatively stable levels noted during prior IFNβ treatment. Ten patients failed to demonstrate anti-EBVgp350 IgG but did show detectable anti-VCA IgG, indicating EBV seropositivity. In contrast, 10/144 controls were EBV seronegative.ConclusionsTreatment with NAT, which is considered a selective immunosuppressive agent with a compartmentalised effect on the central nervous system, appeared to be associated with a moderate decrease in circulating IgG levels to EBVgp350 and MeV NCORE. All patients with MS were EBV IgG seropositive, supporting the potential role of EBV in the pathogenesis of MS.
Evaluation of the safety, tolerability and plasma vitamin D response to long-term use of patented transdermal vitamin D patches in healthy adults: a randomised parallel pilot study
Authors: Jefferson Angie , Borges Clarice 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundVitamin D delivered transdermally may suppress hyperactivity in nociceptor pain receptors and alter pain intensity, offering a useful addition to localised pain management in varying clinical settings. Currently, little is known about long-term usage of continuous-release vitamin D patches.MethodWe conducted a randomised parallel pilot trial to evaluate safety and tolerability of daily application of patented (US8821921B2) transdermal vitamin D patches over 8 weeks and assess time-level profile of serum vitamin D. Compliance, tolerance and sun exposure were monitored daily, serum 25(OH)D measured 2-weekly and dietary intake and safety markers 4-weekly.ResultsThirty healthy adults were randomised to two treatment groups: big patch and small patch. mean age was 36 years (20–68 years) with a 63% female to 37% male split. Patches differed in size but contained identical ingredients including 30 000 IU cholecalciferol. Physical and blood safety markers remained stable, within normal clinical parameters, and with no clinically meaningful changes throughout. Five big patch participants experienced skin irritation, which was mild and occasional for three, but continuous for two leading to patch withdrawal. There were no skin reactions in small patch group. average, serum 25(OH)D levels increased by +14 nmol/L (SD 11.63, range, −4 to 40 nmol/L) between baseline and week 8, with no significant differences between patch sizes. There was a shift in overall vitamin D status between baseline and week 8 (23% deficient (<30 nmol/L) decreasing to 0%, and normal (>50 nmol/L) increasing from 37% to 70% at week 8).ConclusionBased on these results, long-term (8 weeks) application of patented transdermal vitamin D patches was found to be safe. There may be minor skin tolerance issues with big patches for some, which appears to relate to patch size. Larger trials are warranted to explore the increase in vitamin D levels beyond 8 weeks.Trial registration numberNCT04851990.
Child and caregiver mental health during 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: findings from national repeated cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Price Anna MH , Measey Mary-Anne , Hoq Monsurul , Rhodes Anthea , Goldfeld Sharon 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThere are calls for research into the mental health consequences of living through the COVID-19 pandemic. Australia’s initial, effective suppression of COVID-19 offers insights into these indirect impacts in the relative absence of the disease. We aimed to describe the mental health experiences of Australian caregivers and children over 12 months, reporting differences related to demographic, socioeconomic and lockdown characteristics.MethodsData were from Australia’s only nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional survey of caregivers with children (0–17 years). N=2020 caregivers participated in June 2020, N=1434 in September 2020 and N=2508 in July 2021. Caregivers reported their mental health (poor vs not, Kessler-6), and perceived impacts of the pandemic on theirs and their children’s mental health (negative vs none/positive). Data were weighted to approximate population distributions of caregiver age, gender, sole caregiving, number and ages of children, state/territory and neighbourhood-level disadvantage.ResultsPerceived impacts on mental health were more frequently negative for female (vs male) caregivers and older (vs younger) children. Poor caregiver mental health (Kessler-6) was more common for families experiencing socioeconomic adversity (especially financial), while perceived impacts were more frequently negative for more socially advantaged groups. Caregivers who experienced the least total lockdown reported similar mental health over time. Otherwise, poor mental health and perceived negative impacts increased over time with increasing total length of lockdown.ConclusionDespite Australia’s low infection rates, the negative mental health experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic are real and concerning. Addressing poor mental health must be central to ongoing pandemic recovery efforts for families and children.
Early surfactant and non-invasive ventilation versus intubation and surfactant: a propensity score-matched national study
Authors: Reigstad Hallvard , Hufthammer Karl Ove , Rønnestad Arild E , Klingenberg Claus , Stensvold Hans Jørgen , Markestad Trond 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo compare outcome after less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) and primary endotracheal intubation (non-LISA) in infants born before gestational age (GA) 28 weeks.SettingAll neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Norway during 2012–2018.MethodsDefined population-based data were prospectively entered into a national registry. We compared LISA infants with all non-LISA infants and with non-LISA infants who received surfactant following intubation. We used propensity score (PS) matching to identify non-LISA infants who were similar regarding potential confounders.Main outcome variablesRate and duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), survival, neurological and gastrointestinal morbidity, and need of supplemental oxygen or positive pressure respiratory support at postmenstrual age (PMA) 36 and 40 weeks.ResultsWe restricted analyses to GA 25–27 weeks (n=843, 26% LISA) because LISA was rarely used at lower GAs. There was no significant association between NICUs regarding proportions treated with LISA and proportions receiving MV. In the PS-matched datasets, fewer LISA infants received MV (61% vs 78%, p<0.001), and they had fewer days on MV (mean difference 4.1, 95% CI 0.0 to 8.2 days) and lower mortality at PMA 40 weeks (absolute difference 6%, p=0.06) compared with all the non-LISA infants, but only a lower rate of MV (64% vs 97%, p<0.001) and fewer days on MV (mean difference 5.8, 95% CI 0.6 to 10.9 days) compared with non-LISA infants who received surfactant after intubation.ConclusionLISA reduced the rate and duration of MV but had no other clear benefits.
Effective transport coefficients of anisotropic disordered materials
Authors: Hilfer R. , Hauskrecht J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A novel effective medium theory for homogenized transport coefficients of anisotropic mixtures of possibly anisotropic materials is developed. Existing theories for isotropic systems cannot be easily extended, because that would require geometric characterizations of anisotropic connectivity. In this work anisotropic connectivity is characterized by introducing a tensor that is constructed from a histogram of local percolating directions. The construction is inspired by local porosity theory. A large number of known and unknown generalized effective medium approximations for anisotropic media are obtained as limiting special cases from the new theory. Among these limiting cases the limit of strong cylindrical anisotropy is of particular interest. The parameter space of the generalized theory is explored, and the advanced results are applied to experiment.

Graphic abstract
This Better Be Interesting: A Speaker’s Decision to Speak Cues Listeners to Expect Informative Content
Authors: Rohde Hannah , Hoek Jet , Keshev Maayan , Franke Michael 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In anticipating upcoming content, comprehenders are known to rely on real-world knowledge. This knowledge can be deployed directly in favor of upcoming content about typical situations (implying a transparent mapping between the world and what speakers say about the world). Such knowledge can also be used to estimate the likelihood of speech, whereby atypical situations are the ones newsworthy enough to merit reporting (i.e., a nontransparent mapping in which improbable situations yield likely utterances). We report four forced-choice studies (three preregistered) testing this distinction between situation knowledge and speech production likelihood. Comprehenders are shown to anticipate situation-atypical meanings more when guessing content (a) that a speaker announces (rather than thinks), (b) that is said out of the blue (rather than produced when prompted), and (c) that is addressed to a large audience (rather than a single listener). The findings contrast with prior work that emphasizes a comprehension bias in favor of typicality, and they highlight the need for comprehension models that incorporate expectations for informativity (as one of a set of inferred speaker goals) alongside expectations for content plausibility.
Alcohol, Violence, and Injury-Induced Mortality: Evidence from a Modern-Day Prohibition
Authors: Barron Kai , Parry Charles D. H. , Bradshaw Debbie , Dorrington Rob , Groenewald Pam , Laubscher Ria , Matzopoulos Richard 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper evaluates the impact of a sudden and unexpected nationwide alcohol sales ban in South Africa. We find that this policy causally reduced injury-induced mortality in the country by at least 14%. We argue that this estimate constitutes a lower bound on the true impact of alcohol on injury-induced mortality. We also document a sharp drop in violent crimes, indicating a tight link between alcohol and aggressive behavior in society. Our results underscore the severe harm that alcohol can cause and point toward a role for policy measures that target the heaviest drinkers in society.
Who Pays Sin Taxes? Understanding the Overlapping Burdens of Corrective Taxes
Authors: Conlon Christopher , Rao Nirupama , Wang Yinan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We find that sin-good purchases are highly concentrated, with 10% of households paying more than 80% of taxes on alcohol and cigarettes. Total sin-tax burdens are poorly explained by demographics (including income) but are well explained by eight household clusters defined by purchasing patterns. The two most taxed clusters comprise 8% of households, pay 63% of sin taxes, and are older, less educated, and lower income. Taxes on sugary beverages broaden the tax base but add to the burdens of heavily taxed households. Efforts to increase sin taxes should consider the heavy burdens borne by few households.
Syntactic Optionality in Heritage Language Use: Clause Type Preferences of German Heritage Speakers in a Majority English Context
Authors: Pashkova Tatiana , Tsehaye Wintai , Allen Shanley E. M. , Tracy Rosemarie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study focuses on the syntactic and pragmatic resources heritage speakers (HS s) use to structure their discourse according to register. Drawing on a corpus of narratives produced by German HS s living in the United States, as well as by monolingually-raised speakers (MS s) of English and German, we investigated HS s’ syntactic resources by analyzing how they approached clause type optionality across registers. Concerning overall clause type frequencies, HS s performed similarly to MS s in their majority English, but showed differences in their heritage German compared to German MS s. This can be attributed to the majority language dominance and different complexity of clause types in the heritage language. However, regarding the pattern of clause types across registers, HS s’ productions are similar to those of German MS s, and across HS s’ two languages. This suggests an underlying register awareness that HS s can draw upon in their heritage language.
Association between ANXA5 haplotypes and the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Zheng Meiyun , Yan Jinyu , Jiang Lingling , Dai Zhenzhen , Liu Xiang 
Published: July 2022

Background Annexin A5 (ANXA5) haplotypes can increase the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). This study aimed to investigate the effect of ANXA5 haplotypes on ANXA5 expression in patients with RPL. Methods Female subjects with RPL, parous controls (those who intentionally aborted without medical conditions or complications), and population controls (normal delivery) were studied. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was carried out to evaluate ANXA5 expression in the placenta and peripheral blood. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to assess ANXA5 protein expression. The luciferase assay was performed to detect the effect of M1 and M2 haplotypes on transcription efficiency of the ANXA5 promoter. Results We found that the percentage of the M2 carrier was highest in the RPL group. ANXA5 expression in the placenta and peripheral blood in subjects with RPL was significantly inhibited. Furthermore, ANXA5 expression in subjects carrying the M2 haplotype was remarkably suppressed compared with that in carriers of other haplotypes. Finally, the M2 haplotype decreased the transcription efficiency of the ANXA5 promoter. Conclusion Our findings show that ANXA5 expression is decreased in carriers of the M2 haplotype and that M1/M2 haplotypes in the ANXA5 gene are associated with an increased risk of RPL.
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory and Corticosteroid Injections for Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ziradkar Rhushi , Best Thomas M. , Quintero Daniel , Paultre Kristopher 
Published: July 2022

Context: To determine optimal treatment strategies for shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS). Objective: To compare subacromial nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory injections (SNIs) and subacromial corticosteroid injections (SCIs) on pain relief and functional improvement in individuals with SIS. Second, to perform a cost analysis of the 2 injections. Data Sources: MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases were searched for randomized controlled trials using several keywords. Study Selection: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were utilized, and 10 studies comparing changes in pain or function in humans with SIS receiving SNIs or SCIs were included. Quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) 2010 scale and the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Data Extraction: Baseline and follow-up scores of the visual analog, Constant-Murley, and University of California Los Angeles shoulder scales were extracted to calculate effect sizes (ESs), represented as Cohen d. Metaregression and publication bias analyses were performed. Procedural and medication costs were extracted from Medicare guidelines. Results: A total of 7 high and 3 good quality studies were included, with a mean score of 21.1. Only 1 study had a high risk of bias. The meta-analyses produced pooled ESs of 0.05 ( P = 0.83), 0.12 ( P = 0.71), and 0.07 ( P = 0.79) for each scale, respectively, with CIs crossing 0. Procedural costs were equal between groups, whereas ketorolac was the least costly medication ($0.47). There was no significant difference in side effects between the 2 injections. Conclusion: SNIs are as effective as SCIs for short-term pain relief and improving function in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome. In addition, they are less expensive and cause no major difference in complications, providing a viable, cost-effective alternative for injection therapy in patients with SIS.
Poster 114: Lower Extremity Injury Following Return to Sport from Concussion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jildeh Toufic , Buckley Patrick , Abbas Muhammad , Hedge Yash , Okoroha Kelechi , Castle Joshua 
Published: July 2022

Objectives: To examine the current body of research and determine whether there is an increased risk for LE musculoskeletal injury following a concussion and identify populations at an increased risk. Methods: A systematic review of the literature from January 1, 2000 to September 30, 2020 was performed using MEDLINE and PubMed databases. Key words included concussion, athlete, lower extremity injury, and return to sport. Inclusion criteria required original research articles written in English language examining the rate of LE injuries following a diagnosed concussion. Data extracted from each study included number of subjects, age, sex, sport played, level of play, odds ratio (OR) of injury, and number of concussions per athlete. Results: A total of 13 studies involving 4,349 athletes (88.1% male; mean age 19.8 years) met inclusion criteria. Athletes were classified as either high school (46.1%), collegiate (17.0%), or professional (36.9%). Four studies demonstrated an increased risk of LE injury within 90 days of a diagnosed concussion (OR 3.44, 95% CI 2.99-4.42) and 7 studies revealed an elevated risk of injury within one year of concussion (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.73-2.84). Professional and college athletes demonstrated an increased risk (OR 2.49, 95% CI 2.40-2.72; OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.96-2.16, respectively) compared to high school athletes (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.89-1.05). A stepwise increase in risk of sustaining a LE injury was observed with multiple concussions, with increasing risk observed from 2+ (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.85-2.83) to 3+ career concussions (OR 2.86, 95% CI 2.36-3.48). Conclusions: An increased incidence of LE injuries was observed at 90-days and one year following the diagnosis of a concussion. Higher levels of competition, such as at the collegiate and professional level, resulted in an increased risk of sustaining a subsequent LE injury following a diagnosed concussion. These results suggest an at-risk population which may benefit from injury prevention methods following a concussion. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text]