bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air pollution and tear lactoferrin among dry eye disease modification by stress and allergy: a case–control study of taxi drivers
Authors: Yu Fei , Hao Wei , Kong Fanxue , Song Wei , Zhang Lei , Xu Xueying , Ren Zhongjuan , Li Jing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Few studies have explored the possible associations between air pollution and tear lactoferrin (Lf) levels, a non-invasive biological marker of ocular surface diseases, among taxi drivers, while none have explored the modifications by of stress and allergic tendencies in the relationship. We recruited 1,905 taxi drivers with dry eye disease (DED) and 3,803 non-DED controls in Liaoning, China, 2012–2014. After physical examination and questionnaires were recorded, ocular surface were measured and tear Lf was determined by electrophoresis. Air pollutants and humidity were estimated by measured concentrations from monitoring stations. Conditional logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations of air pollutants and humidity with tear Lf levels. Among taxi drivers with stress or allergic tendencies, with an IQR (26 µg/m3, 10 µg/m3) increase in PM10 and NO2 levels, adjusted odds ratio was elevated by 1.89 (95% CI, 1.19 to 3.08) or 1.77 (95% CI, 1.06 to 2.90), and 2.87 (95% CI, 1.60 to 3.58) or 2.93 (95% CI, 1.64 to 3.83), respectively. In contrast, humidity was inversely associated for taxi drivers with stress [0.51 (95% CI, 0.38 to 0.64)] or allergic tendencies [0.49 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.84)] and taxi drivers without stress [0.33 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.39)] or without allergic tendencies [0.39 (95% CI, 0.19 to 0.59)]. Tear Lf was negatively associated with each quartile of PM10 or NO2 exposure, and low humidity. PM10, NO2, and low humidity were inversely associated with Lf levels, especially for DED taxi drivers with stress and allergic tendencies.
Nomogram for predicting overall and cancer-specific survival in elderly patients (≥65 years) with epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Tan Mingzi , Zhu Liancheng , Gao Jian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background: Current evidence suggests that the morbidity and mortality of ovarian cancer in elderly patients have increased over the past few years. To date, there are no standard treatment guidelines for elderly (65 years and older) patients with ovarian cancer. This study aimed to use the SEER database to extract relevant clinicopathological data and construct a nomogram to predict the prognosis of elderly patients with ovarian cancer that could assist clinicians during clinical decision-making and improve the prognosis of this patient population.Methods: We screened a total of 22,181 eligible patients. The collected patient information was randomly assigned to a training cohort (n = 15529) and validation cohort (n = 6652) at a ratio of 7:3. COX and LASSO analyses were used to screen the overall survival rate and tumor-specific survival rate of elderly ovarian cancer patients. The independent risk factors were used to establish a nomogram using the rms package. The predictive and clinical utility of nomograms was assessed using concordance index, area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve and Decision curve analysis. Kaplan Meier analysis further stratified and analyzed the overall survival rates of patients in the high and low-risk groups to evaluate the stratification ability of the nomogram.Results: Our nomogram yielded significantly better performance than the AJCC staging system in predicting overall survival and tumor-specific survival prognosis in elderly (65 years and older) ovarian cancer patients. Survival curve analysis showed that the nomogram has excellent risk stratification ability.Conclusions: Our nomogram could effectively predict the overall survival rate and tumor-specific survival rate of elderly patients with ovarian cancer (65 years old and above) to help clinicians make individual survival predictions and provide improved treatment recommendations.
Three-dimensional evaluation of micromotion in two different short stem designs in cementless total hip arthroplasty: a finite element analysis
Authors: Kanaizumi Arata , Daisuke Suzuki , Nagoya Satoshi , Tateda Kenji , Kosukegawa Ima , Shimizu Junya , Nakahashi Naoya , Kizawa Fumiya , Teramoto Atsushi , Yamashita Toshihiko 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Evaluation of micromotion in various activities in daily life is essential to　the assessment of initial fixation of cementless short stems in total hip arthroplasty. This study sought to evaluate three-dimensionally the micromotion of two types of cementless short stem.Methods: Two types of stems were used: the Fitmore stem with a rectangular cross-section (rectangular stem) and the octagonal-oval GTS stem with fins (finned stem). Finite element analysis was used to calculate the micromotion of two activities that place a heavy load on the stem (single-leg stance and stair climbing). Three values were measured: the magnitude of micromotion (mean and 95th percentile), the location of micromotion above the 95th percentile value, and the directions of the micromotion vector.Results: There was no significant difference in the magnitude or 95th percentile of the micromotion between the rectangular stem and finned stem groups for single-leg stance or stair climbing. In both groups, the micromotion was greatest at the proximal and distal ends. The direction of the micromotion was similar in both groups; internal rotation occurred from the distal to the middle of the stem during stair climbing.Conclusions: The rectangular stem had comparable initial fixation to that of the finned stem. In both models, the micromotion was greater at the proximal and distal ends. The direction of the micromotion was not dependent on the stem shape but on the direction of the load on the artificial femoral head. These results will be important for stem selection and future stem development.
Fingerprinting the North-Atlantic and Arctic oscillation signals in rainfall and fresh snowpack in the western Carpathian Mountains
Authors: Onderka Milan , Pecho Jozef 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Time-varying relationships between two atmospheric oscillation modes and precipitation (rainfall and snow) in the western portion of the Carpathian Mountains and the northern part of the Pannonian Plain are investigated in this paper. The Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) modes were used to explain the intra-annual variability of monthly rainfall totals and fresh snow over a 37year period (1981 – 2017) observed at a dense network of 177 rain gauges and 33 snow rods located throughout the investigated, respectively. The Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) was deployed as a band-pass filter to quantify the spectral coherence and attribution (based on signal-to-noise ratio) of the NAO and AO modes to the precipitation variability. The temporal and spatial patterns of NAO and AO-related signal variance in monthly rainfall totals and fresh snowpack were evaluated on seasonal and monthly bases. The NAO mode explained the major historically observed snow calamities as was the snowy cold spell of January 1985 that hit central and southern Europe bringing heavy snowfall to the investigated region and many other parts of Europe. This event was the beginning of a prolonged cold wave in Europe, with extremely low air temperatures across the continent. Our analyses showed that the AO mode appears to have only a limited effect on the overall variability of fresh snowpack in late winter. The attribution of NAO and AO modes to the variability of monthly rainfall totals is less pronounced compared to fresh snowpack.
A rare case of congenital malformation - Macrodactyly of the foot.
Authors: Ahamad Mohammad Nafees , Sultana Guljabin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Macrodactyly of the foot is an extremely rare congenital malformation characterized by an increase in the size of all the elements or structures of a digit or digits. Sources indicate that macrodactyly of foot is less common than hands. This medical condition usually requires surgical intervention with a precise preoperative plan and postoperative rehabilitation for satisfying cosmetic appearance and functional outcomes.
A rare case of non-small cell lung carcinoma with diffuse coexpression of TTF1 and p40 in the same tumour cells
Authors: Guo Xingmei , Dong Lei , Liu Hengan , Chen Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Three cases of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with diffuse co-expression of TTF1 and p40 in the same tumour cells have been reported since 2015, which may be an underrecognized new entity of the lung. All of the cases were aged male smoking patients, with poorly differentiated carcinomas, and a similar molecular signature harboring TP53 mutation. Case Presentation: A 75-year-old man who underwent lung cancer surgery was diagnosed as NSCLC with diffuse co-expression of TTF1 and p40 in the same tumour cells. Microscopically, the tumor showed solid growth pattern with patchy necrosis. Neither glandular nor squamous pattern were found. The carcinoma cells were round or polygonal shaped with obvious nucleoli and numerous mitoses. In some areas, the carcinoma cells proliferated within the bronchial epithelium. Spread through air spaces (STAS) and visceral pleura invasion can be observed. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) showed intense diffuse positivity for both TTF-1(8G7G3/1) and p40 in the same tumor cells. Tumor cells were positive for p63, CK7, CK20, E-cadherin, GPC-3, Oct3/4, focally positive for CK5/6, Vimentin, EGFR, and negative for NapsinA, CDX-2, SATB2, chromogranin, synaptophysin and PD-L1(22C3). Negative P53 IHC staining indicated mutational status and Ki-67 index was 80%. Molecular investigation was performed by Whole Exome Sequencing, and TP53, Notch2 and STK11 mutations were detected. The patient remained alive over a follow-up period of 21 months and was free of tumour recurrence or metastasis.Conclusions: NSCLC with diffuse co-expression of TTF-1 and p40 in the same tumor cells may be a new unique entity. Expression of both “adenocarcinoma” and “squamous” markers may be an implication for classification and clinical therapy. Our case offers further insight into this rare tumor.
Safety and Efficacy of Ayurvedic Formulation “Guduchi Ghana Vati” as a Preventive Remedy in COVID-19
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev Kumar , Godatwar Pawankumar , Pareek Manohar , Meena HML , Sharma Anand , Tamoli Sanjay 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background: Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), a well-known Ayurvedic Herb used both as a preventive and curative remedy for various infections and immunity related conditions. Objective was to evaluate Guduchi Ghana Vati as a preventive remedy for COVID-19 and other non-COVID-19 infections in healthy population.Methodology: This was an open labelled, multi centric, randomized, comparative, interventional, prospective community based clinical study on healthy individuals at community level in five different districts of Rajasthan under National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Participants were divided into two groups in which one group received Guduchi Ghana Vati as the intervention for a period of 45 days while participants in the other group did not receive any intervention. Comparative assessment of incidence of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 infections, its severity and requirement of hospitalization was done. Assessment of safety was done through assessment of adverse reactions. Results: Of a total of 10022 participants who completed the study, the rate of infection with COVID19 was observed to be lower in those taking Guduchi Ghana Vati as compared to those not taking it however the difference was statistically non-significant. The number of episodes and severity of infection related illnesses (non-COVID 19) was found to be less in participants taking Guduchi Ghana Vati as compared to those not taking it; the difference was statistically significant too. No major adverse drug reactions were observed.Conclusion: Guduchi Ghana Vati is a safe and effective remedy for the prevention of infection and immunity related conditions including COVID19.
An analysis of the viability of avascular iliac and fibula grafts in mandibular reconstruction- A prospective randomised study
Authors: SHIKHA NIRDHUM , UPASI AMARNATH P , RAI KIRTHI KUMAR , REGHUNADHAN PARVATHY , KOCHER VARUN 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Reconstruction of the mandible is a challenging task in terms of restoring its form and biomechical functions. Nonvascular iliac and fibula graft are used in mandibular reconstruction with different sets of complications and varying success rate. The aim of this study is to prospectively compare the viability of avascular iliac and fibula bone grafts in the reconstruction of mandibular defects. Methods: A total of 14 patients, planned for reconstruction of mandibular defects from November 2016 to April 2018 were randomly allocated in two groups; nonvascular iliac and fibula graft groups. Clinical assessment for improvement in function, esthetics, wound healing, pain, donor site morbidity was done and were followed up for six months. Digital Orthopantamogram was taken for radiographic evaluation upto 6 months. Results: Difficulty in swallowing, mastication, speech, infection, restricted limb movement, altered gait were statistically significant and were seen more in fibula group. Wound dehiscence with graft exposure was found in one subject. The overall success rate was 100% in iliac group and 85.7% in fibula group. Conclusion: Considering the long term complications and success rate, nonvascular iliac graft was found to be more superior and can be used as an alternative to nonvascular fibula graft for a defect length upto 7cms.
Effect of Sexual Health Education of Mothers on their Comfort and Intention to discuss Sex-related Topics with Adolescent Girls: A Controlled Interventional Study
Authors: Gheysari Fatemeh , Pasha Hajar , Adibrad Hajar , Chehrazi Mohamad , Omidvar Shabnam , Faramarzi Mahbobeh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background & Aim:
Sex education is one of the most challenging topics for mothers. Therefore, we examined the effect of sexual health education of mothers on their comfort and intention to discuss Sex-related Topics with adolescent girls.
Methods
In this controlled interventional study, 160 mothers having 13–16 year old girls were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in four 90-minute training sessions per week, no educational intervention was performed in the control group. Both groups completed the Demographic Characteristics Questionnaire, Intention to discuss about sex topics Questionnaire, as well as Comfort Discussing Sex Topics Questionnaire and Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC) before beginning the study and one month after the end of intervention. Paired t-test, Chi-square, McNemar’s test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) were used for analysis of data.
Results
Comparison of the mean parents' comfort in discussing sex topics after adjusting the baseline values, were significantly different between the groups (P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, there was a significant increase in mean parents' comfort in discussing sex topics in the intervention group. After adjusting the baseline values, there was no significant difference between groups for the mean age appropriate for discussing sex topics with the child in all propositions(13 items) of parents' Intention index, Sense of Competence as well as its dimensions such as self-efficacy and satisfaction (P > 0.05). Also, comparing the frequency distribution of mothers in all 13 items of parents' Intention index for discussing sex topics with the child (except for delivery and menstruation) showed a significant difference at the end of the interventions between the intervention and control groups. The intervention group had spoken with their child to a higher extent than the control group about these items or they intended to talk later (P < 0.05).Mean pre-to-post scores of parents' comfort in discussing sex topics with adolescent girls (P = 0.0001), Sense of Competence in child rearing (P = 0.04), and self-efficacy (P = 0.037) significantly increased in the intervention groups, while they were not significant in the control group. Also, comparison pre-to-post frequency distribution of mothers’ intention in discussing all the propositions (except for menstruation) was significantly increased in the intervention group (p < 0.05), while it was not significant in the control group.
Conclusion
Sexual health education was effective on the feeling of interest and comfort of mothers to discuss about sex topics.Therefore, counseling services on mothers' speech interactions are recommended to promote adolescent girl's sexual health
Associations between extreme precipitation, drinking water, and protozoan acute gastrointestinal illnesses in four North American Great Lakes cities (2009–2014)
Authors: Graydon Ryan C. , Mezzacapo Michael , Boehme Jennifer , Foldy Seth , Edge Thomas A. , Brubacher Jordan , Chan Hing Man , Dellinger Matthew , Faustman Elaine M. , Rose Joan B. , Takaro Tim K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Climate change is already impacting the North American Great Lakes ecosystem and understanding the relationship between climate events and public health, such as waterborne acute gastrointestinal illnesses (AGIs), can help inform needed adaptive capacity for drinking water systems (DWSs). In this study, we assessed a harmonized binational dataset for the effects of extreme precipitation events (≥90th percentile) and preceding dry periods, source water turbidity, total coliforms, and protozoan AGIs – cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis – in the populations served by four DWSs that source surface water from Lake Ontario (Hamilton and Toronto, Ontario, Canada) and Lake Michigan (Green Bay and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA) from January 2009 through August 2014. We used distributed lag non-linear Poisson regression models adjusted for seasonality and found extreme precipitation weeks preceded by dry periods increased the relative risk of protozoan AGI after 1 and 3–5 weeks in three of the four cities, although only statistically significant in two. Our results suggest that the risk of protozoan AGI increases with extreme precipitation preceded by a dry period. As extreme precipitation patterns become more frequent with climate change, the ability to detect changes in water quality and effectively treat source water of varying quality is increasingly important for adaptive capacity and protection of public health.
Physicochemical analysis of wastewater discharge and impact on Ganges River of major cities of North India
Authors: Soni Ramendra , Pal Arun Kumar , Tripathi Pooja , Jha Pawan Kumar , Tripathi Vijay 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The inadequate practice of discharge of wastewater into receiving water bodies alters physicochemical parameters, which ultimately disturbs the livelihood of aquatic flora and fauna. The present study was focussed on the evaluation of the efficiencies of wastewater treatment plants based on different technologies through analysing the physicochemical parameters of wastewater collected from each treatment step including inlet, outlet and downstream Ganges River in Prayagraj, Varanasi and Kanpur (India) during winter and summer seasons. The removal efficiency of the MBBR technology of Prayagraj WWTP was observed to be better than that of the ASP and UASB technologies of Varanasi and Kanpur respectively for both seasons. Correlation analysis explained the strong negative correlation of pH and DO with nearly all the parameters of the study; whereas TDS, hardness, ammonia and BOD were highly correlated with each other in each city. The factor analysis suggested the best fit amongst the physicochemical parameters, with four factors elucidating 78.00% of the total variance, which further explained that DO, TDS, total alkalinity, nitrate, COD, and temperature were the major components for pollution. The results indicated that most of the samples were not appropriate for direct discharge into water bodies and irrigation purposes and thus needed further implementation of advanced technologies in their treatment procedure.
Differential Expression of microRNAs in Acute and Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Kalampogias Aimilios , Oikonomou Evangelos , Siasos Gerasimos , Theofilis Panagiotis , Dimitropoulos Stathis , Gazouli Maria , Gennimata Vasiliki , Marinos Georgios , Charalambous Georgios , Vavouranakis Manolis , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Tousoulis Dimitris 
Published: April 2022

Background:
MicroRNAs modify protein expression at the post-transcriptional
level, and their circulating levels may help identify the underlying molecular pathways.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to assess the differential expression of microRNAs
related to myocardial cell energy substrate, autophagy, and ischaemia in chronic
and acute heart failure (HF).

Methods:
In this case-control study, we studied 19 patients with acute HF (AHF) and 19
patients with chronic HF (CHF). Basic demographic and clinical characteristics were collected
from the patients upon arrival, at 48 hours, and at 120 hours. Blood samples for microRNAs
measurements (miR-22, -92a, and -499), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C
reactive protein, and high sensitivity cardiac troponin I, were collected at all study points.
In this study, we included subjects with a left ventricular ejection fraction of <40%.

Results:
At baseline, circulating miR-22 levels were 1.9-fold higher (p<0.001), miR-92a
levels were 1.25-fold higher (p=0.003), and miR-499 were 5-times lower (p<0.001) in
AHF compared to CHF. Interestingly, circulating miR-499 was found to be associated
with BNP levels (r=0.47, p=0.01). At follow-up, there was a stepwise increase in the levels
of all three examined microRNAs (miR-22, p=0.001, miR-92a, p=0.001, and miR-499,
p<0.001) for AHF but not for CHF subjects.

Conclusions:
MicroRNAs -22, -92a, and -499 are differentially expressed in chronic and
acute HF subjects. MicroRNA signatures are also differentially expressed up to the discharge
of the patients. These findings may have important implications for diagnosis, progression,
and treatment of patients with chronic and acute heart failure.
Advancement of the Cleavage Methods of Carbohydrate-derived Isopropylidene and Cyclohexylidene Ketals
Authors: Gupta Shilpi , Sharma Anjali , Mondal Dhananjoy , Bera Smritilekha 
Published: April 2022

Abstract:Carbohydrates, amino acids, and nucleosides, the fundamental building blocks of complex biomolecules in nature, are essential starting materials for the fabrication of natural and unnatural structural entities, which necessitate the masking and demasking of various functional groups with the utmost chemoselectivity, mildness, and efficiency to avoid unintended bond breaking and formation, as well as associated reactions. Ketals, benzylidene, methoxymethyl, p-methoxybenzyl, silyl ethers, trityl, tert-butyl carbamate, and other functional groups are widely used in modern organic synthesis. In carbohydrate chemistry, the commonly used protecting functionality of isopropylidene and cyclohexylidene ketals necessitates effective methods for selective cleavage. This review summarises different methods for deblocking isopropylidene and cyclohexylidene ketals using inorganic acids, Lewis acid, silica- supported inorganic acids, Amberlite-120 (H+) resin, phosphotungstic acid, Nafion-H, NaBArF4.2H2O, montmorillonite clay, Dowex 50W-X8, camphorsulphonic acid (CSA), ceric ammonium nitrate, molecular iodine, ionic liquids, zeolites and so on.