bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Text Data Augmentation Methods and Strategies in Classification Tasks of Unstructured Medical Notes
Authors: Lu Hongxia , Rakovski Cyril 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Text classification tasks of unstructured medical notes are often challenged with the issues of highly imbalanced classes and/or small sample sizes. Data augmentation is a common approach to mitigate the impact of these issues and enhance model performance. However, not all augmentation methods improve model performance, and an uninformed and arbitrary choice of augmentation methods may hurt model performance instead. In addition, the widely used strategy of augmenting until balanced may not always work the best.
Methods
In this paper, we investigated the effect of 20 different augmentation methods and several different augmentation strategies in 16 classification tasks. The 16 classification tasks were divided into 4 groups based on their disease prevalence, and different augmentation strategies and the 20 augmentation methods were applied to different groups. The Transformer Encoder model was run in all tasks for each of the 20 augmentation methods and the strategies, and then their model performance was compared against each other and against that without augmentation.
Results
Our results show that in addition to being a fast augmenter, the Splitting Augmenter consistently improved the model performance in terms of AUC-ROC and F1 Score in all strategies for most tasks. For highly imbalanced tasks, the strategy that augments the minority class until balanced, improved model performance by the largest margin. For other tasks, the best performing strategy was the one that augments the minority class until balanced and then augments both classes by an additional 10%. The largest improvement was 0.13 in F1 score and an impressive 0.34 in AUC-ROC, and both were produced by the Splitting Augmenter in the strategy that augments the minority class until balanced.
Conclusions
Different text data augmentation methods have different effects on the model performance. Some enhance model performance, and others yield no improvement or even have an adverse impact. With the right choice of augmentation methods, the model performance can be substantially improved. For the highly imbalanced tasks, the strategy that augments the minority class until balanced yielded the largest improvement. For other tasks, the strategy that keeps augmenting both classes by an additional 10% after reaching balance enhanced model performance further.
Water dynamics on the structural properties of amino acid in presence of NSAID: An approach through dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Alwaleedy Suad , Mohemmed Saeed , Karale Ravikant , Kabara Komal B. , Kumbharkhane Ashok C. , Roy Bunty Rani , Sarode Arvind 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Present work reports the dielectric response for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) 2-[2-[2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenyl]acetyl] oxyacetic acid (Aceclofenac) in the aqueous leucine solution at different concentrations and temperatures (298.15 K-283.15 K) using time domain reflectometry technique in the frequency region 1 GHz to 30 GHz. Dielectric parameters such as complex permittivity (ε*), dielectric constant (ε), dielectric relaxation time (τ), dipole moment (µ) and Kirkwood correlation factor (g) have been calculated and the study is corroborated by the thermodynamic parameters such as molar enthalpy of activation (∆H), entropy of activation (∆S) and free energy of activation (∆F) to give insight into the structural dynamics.
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) relieves psychological stress in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture undergoing percutaneous kyphoplasty: an observational retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ji Zhongwei , Fan Chun-yang , Shen Min-jie , Zhang Lin-lin , Kong Fan-chen , Yu Zi-lin , Yang Hui-lin , Wu Xie-xing , Mao Hai-qing 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Study design: This is an observational retrospective cohort study.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence rate of depression and anxiety and the changes in patients treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) following ERAS protocol.
Summary of background data: The incidence of depression and anxiety is not uncommon in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF), which affects the prognosis of surgery. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols can improve the perioperative stress response of patients.
Materials and Methods: Patients were treated conventionally in 2019 as the control group (CG) (n = 281), and patients were treated according to the ERAS protocol in 2020 as the intervention group (IG) (n = 251). All patients were evaluated for depression and anxiety using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) at admission, postoperative 1 week, 1 month and 3, 6, 12 months.
Results: The degree of depression statistically decreased in the IG at follow-up periods (p < 0.001), and the degree of anxiety statistically decreased at 1 week (p < 0.001), 1 month (p < 0.001), 3 months (p = 0.017). Patients in the IG could soothe depression and anxiety disorders faster than patients in the CG and maintain psychological stability at the follow-up periods. The percentage of moderate or above depression in the IG was statistically fewer than in the CG at follow-up periods (p<0.01). The odds ratio (OR) was respectively 0.410, 0.357, 0.294, 0.333, 0.327 from 1 week to 12 months. While the percentage of patients with moderate or above anxiety significantly decreased in the IG at 1 week (p < 0.001), OR = 0.528, 1 month (p = 0.037), OR = 0.309 and 12 months (p = 0.040), OR = 0.554, no differences between 3 months (p = 0.187) and 6 months (p = 0.133).
Conclusion: PKP following ERAS protocol to treat patients with OVCF had a better effect on relieving postoperative anxiety and depression than following conventional protocol.
NeighBERT: Medical Entity Linking Using Relation Induced Dense Retrieval
Authors: Singh Ayush , Krishnamoorthy Saranya , Ortega John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
One of the common tasks in clinical natural language processing is medical entity linking (MEL) which involves mention detection followed by linking the mention to an entity in a knowledge base. One reason that MEL has not been solved is due to a problem that occurs in language where ambiguous texts can be resolved to several named entities. This problem is exacerbated when processing text found in electronic health records. Recent work has shown that deep learning models based on transformers outperform previous methods on linking at higher rates of performance. We introduce NeighBERT, a custom pre-training technique which extends BERT \citep{devlin-etal-2019-bert} by encoding how entities are related within a knowledge graph. This technique adds relational context that has been traditionally missing in original BERT, helping resolve the ambiguity found in clinical text. In our experiments, NeighBERT improves the precision, recall and F1-score of the state of the art by 1--3 points for named entity recognition and 10--15 points for MEL on two widely known clinical datasets.
Fixed point theorems for (phi,F)-contraction in generalized asymmetric metric spaces
Authors: Rossafi Mohamed , Kari Abdelkarim , Park Choonkil 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the last few decades, a lot of generalizations of the Banach contraction principle have been introduced.In this paper, we present the notion of (phi,F)-contraction in generalized asymmetric metric spaces and we investigate the existence of fixed points of such mappings. We also provide some illustrative examples to show that our results improve many existing results.
Choosing Nano medicine Stiffness using contact models, based on the atomic force microscopy with Analysis of the cancer cell elasticity modulus
Authors: Korayem Moharam , Khaksar Hesam , Nosoudi sina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Softness of nanomedicines plays a significant role in antitumor drug delivery and efficiency. Examining and finding optimized contact models to verify and choosing best nanomedicine mechanical properties for each cancer genotype has a profound effect in nano based drug delivery. In this research, appropriate contact models have been identified and used for determining the modulus of elasticity of SW48 cancer cells based on the Atomic Force Microscope. The Sobol method was chosen for the sensitivity analysis of Hertz, Lundberg, Dawson, Nikpour, and Hoeprich models. By comparing the sensitivity percentages of various parameters, it was realized that different theories can be used to identify different properties of cancer cells. Considering the results of the sensitivity percentage of various parameters, the Lundberg and Hertz theories can be employed to identify the modulus of elasticity. The Hoeprich contact model can be used to determine the Poisson’s ratio. Ultimately, by using the results obtained from analysis, the modulus of elasticity of cancer cell SW48 was computed experimentally based on the theories of Lundberg and Hertz. Results and method can be directly use in identifying mechanical properties of cancer cells and obtain nanomedicine softness range for best efficiency of nano based drug delivery.
Mania as a result of using disulfiram at the prescribed amount during the fifth month of maintenance therapy: a casa report
Authors: İnaltekin Ali , Yağcı İbrahim 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Disulfiram is a medication that raises blood acetaldehyde levels by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. It has been reported that taking disulfiram can cause psychosis or mania. There are only a few case reports in the literature, mostly about mania. We introduce this case of disulfiram-induced mania without dose adjustment whereas continuing maintenance treatment at the prescribed amount in a patient with no psychiatric history.
Case
Mr. K, a 57-year-old patient with a history of 25 years of alcohol consumption, had stopped drinking five months ago and had been taking disulfiram (500 mg/day) for five months. During treatment, he was admitted to the outpatient clinic with complaints of decreased need for sleep, increased speech, and psychomotor activity, — in particular for 4-5 days. During the psychiatric examination, it was discovered that the rate of speech had increased, that flight of ideas was present, and that the affect was cheerful and nervous. There was an increase in self-esteem and grandiose delusion. The examination revealed psychomotor agitation. The patient was admitted to the hospital for examination, follow-up, and treatment. Mania was observed. Treatment with valproate 1000 mg/day and risperidone 4 mg/day was planned. The patient showed no psychotic or manic symptoms while continuing outpatient clinic controls.
Conclusion
Rare complications, such as manic episodes, might occur even in patients receiving the prescribed amount and long-term disulfiram treatment.
Livelihood Activities, Human Mobility and Risk of Malaria Infection in Elimination Settings: a Case–control Study
Authors: Abdalal Shaymaa A. , Yukich Joshua , Andrinoplous Katherine , Alghanmi Maimonah , Wakid Majed H. , Zawawi Ayat , Harakeh Steve , Altwaim Sarah , Gattan Hattan , Baakdah Fadi , Gaddoury Mahmoud A , Niyazi Hatton , Mokhtar Jawaher , Alruhaili Mohammed , Keating Joseph , Alsaady Isra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Livelihood activities and human movements participate in the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases and influence malaria risk in elimination settings. In Saudi Arabia, where malaria transmission intensity varies geographically, it is vital to understand the components driving transmission within specific areas. In addition, shared social, behavioral, and occupational characteristics within communities may provoke the risk of malaria infection. This study aims to understand the relationship between human mobility, livelihood activities, and the risk of malaria infection in the border region of Jazan to facilitate further strategic malaria interventions. In addition, the study will complement and reinforce the existing efforts to eliminate malaria on the Saudi and Yemen border by providing a deeper understanding of human movement and livelihood activities.
Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted. A total of 261 participants were recruited for the study, including 81 cases of confirmed malaria through rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and microscopy and 180 controls in the Baish Governorate in Jazan Provinces, Saudi Arabia. Individuals who received malaria tests were interviewed regarding their livelihood activities and recent movement (travel history). A questionnaire was administered, and the data was captured electronically. STATA software version 16 was used to analyze the data. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine if engaging in agricultural activities such as farming and animal husbandry, recent travel history outside of the home village within the last 30 days and participating in spiritual gatherings were related to malaria infection status.
Results A logistical regression model was used to investigate components associated with malaria infection. After adjusting several confounding factors, individuals who reported traveling away from their home village in the last 30 days OR 11.5 (95% CI 4.43 - 29.9), and those who attended a seasonal night spiritual gathering OR 3.04 (95% CI 1.10 - 8.42), involved in animal husbandry OR 2.52 (95% CI 1.10 - 5.82), and identified as male OR 4.57 (95% CI 1.43 -14.7), were more likely to test positive for malaria infection.
Conclusion: Human movement and livelihood activities, especially at nighttime, should be considered malaria risk factors in malaria elimination settings, mainly when the targeted area is limited to a confined borderland area.
Insilico Analysis of pathogenic genes as a major rescue of Candida albicans
Authors: JADHAV VYANKATESH 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
C. albicans a polymorphic, opportunistic pathogen of humans resides commensally in healthy humans. It exists in the form of yeast, hyphal, pseudohyphal or chlymydospores. Significance of polymorphic nature is associated with its survival strategy gained through evolution that made C. albicans a most versatile organism able to survive under extreme microenvironments. In present study an attempt was made to investigate analysis of regulation of yeast to hyphal form transition responsive genes by Insilico methods. Analysis of regulation responsive genes (EFG1, NRG1) was performed. Their identification of true orthologs, characterization of physical and chemical properties, phylogenetics, active site prediction and pharmacomphore designing aiming for docking. These investigations in Understanding its significance in regulation of morphogenesis and virulence in C. albicans for potential target and pharmacophore design. Molecular docking was used to analyze and understand the interaction between the molecules with their respective targets and top compounds were picked on the basis of binding energy computed via virtual screening tool VINA. All the 1586 ligands screened (pharmacophore screened) for EFG1 were docked in the active site. ZINC31165359 was shown to have best interaction with EFG1 with lowest binding energy of -11.3kcal/mol. Whereas, total of 800 screened ligands (structural similarity) were docked with NRG1 in the active site and ZINC20134767 & ZINC20134767 showed best results for NRG1 with binding energy of -7.4kcal/mol .In conclusion various computation tools used in present research study are very useful in finding new hits for targeting different diseases which can help in the development of potential drugs for the same.
Nanocellulose-based Electrodes and Separator toward Sustainable and Flexible All-solid-state Supercapacitor
Authors: Ding Zejun , Yang Xuan , Tang Yanjun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Nanocellulose, as the most abundant natural nanomaterial with sustainability, biodegradability, and excellent mechanical properties, has been widely applied in modern electronic systems, such as, in the flexible electrochemical energy storage devices. Herein, a reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/cellulose nanocrystal/cellulose nanofiber (RCC) composite membranes was prepared by using a one-pot method. Compared to the pure RGO membrane, the RCC composite membranes exhibited better mechanical properties and hydrophilicity. In addition, due to the insertion of nanocellulose between RGO sheets and easier for permeation of electrolyte, the RCC composite films showed a specific capacitance as high as 171.3 F·cm-3. Consequently, we constructed a nanocellulose-based symmetric flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor (FASC), in which two RCC composite membranes served as electrodes and a porous cellulose nanofiber membrane acted as separator. This fabricated FASC demonstrated a high volumetric specific capacitance of 164.3 F·cm-3 and a satisfactory energy density of 3.7 mW·h·cm-3, which exceeded that of many other FASCs ever reported. This work will open a new avenue in design of next-generation nanocellulose based, sustainable and flexible energy storage device.
Investigating orbital angular momentum modes in multimode interference waveguides and revealing their mode conversion property
Authors: Soltani Afsoun , Mousavi S. Faezeh , Firouzeh Zaker Hossein , Nezhad Abolghasem Zeidaabadi , Nouroozi Rahman 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes of light have aroused a widespread interest in quantum and classical communications.Their various integrated photonics applications require devices and circuits for miniaturization, improved performance, andadvanced performance. Accordingly, in this work, the propagation of OAM modes in multimode interference (MMI) waveguidesas the basic elements in many integrated optical devices is studied to utilize their benefits in integrated OAM applications.OAM modes shape the field-splitting and OAM-maintaining images at the specific lengths of an MMI waveguide. As the mosteffective parameters on the properties of these generated images, width of the MMI waveguide, topological charge (l) and waistradius of the OAM modes are investigated. Power overlap integral (POI) and mode purity are used to evaluate the quality ofimages. The investigations show that the images produced in wider waveguides are purer (up to 92.43%). Furthermore, for thehigher order of OAM modes (|l| > 1), the higher values of POI could be achievable by enlarging the width of the waveguides (up to 93.93% for l = ±6 and 81.6% for l = ±7). It is also demonstrated that mode conversion between even order of OAM modeswith opposite topological charges can occur at OAM-maintaining length of the MMI waveguides which is the most outstandingachievement of this survey for optical communication systems.
Quantitative Evaluation of Grey Matter Volume of Thalamus in Patients with Depression on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Segmentation Study
Authors: Taha Khalid M. , Gasmalla Hosam Eldeen Elsadig , Elamin Abubaker Y. , Almasaad Juman M. , Bakhit Nagi M. , Alsharif Mohammed H. Karrar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The thalamus, a part of the diencephalon, controls emotion and memory; any thalamic lesion may lead to impairments in recall and recognition. There is no concrete proof that depression is the only mental condition in which thalamic abnormalities are present. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with depression had any structural changes in their thalamic grey matter volume.
Methods: The thalamic grey matter volume was measured in 50 patients with depression (25 males, mean age = 24 ± 5.02 years) and 50 sex- and-age-matched controls (25 males, mean age = 24 ± 5.28 years) using BrainSuite automated segmentation of the T1-weighted magnetic resonance images obtained using Magnetization Prepared Rapid Acquisition. Between-group and sex-based comparisons were made using Student’s t-test.
Results: The mean grey matter volume of the right and left thalamus was 5.98 ± 7.03 cm3 and 6.21 ± 7.68 cm3 in patients, respectively, and 2.18 ± 4.74 cm3on the right side and 2.15 ± 4.87 cm3 on the left side in the controls (p < 0.05). The female subjects had relatively greater mean thalamic grey matter volumes on both sides (patients: right = 6.47 ± 4.17 cm3, left = 6.77 ± 4.30 cm3; controls: right = 3.25 ± 6.55 cm3, left = 3.13 ± 6.77 cm3; p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The volume of thalamic grey matter is increased in patients with depression, which is more pronounced in female patients. There is also a possible association between depression and right-sided volume reduction.
Mathematical modelling of the dynamics of image-informed tumor habitats in a murine model of glioma
Authors: Slavkova Kalina P. , Patel Sahil H. , Cacini Zachary , Kazerouni Anum S. , Gardner Andrea , Yankeelov Thomas E. , Hormuth II David A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tumors are highly heterogeneous with unique sub-regions termed “habitats”. We evaluate the ability of a mathematical model built on coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to describe and predict tumor habitat dynamics in a murine model of glioma. Female Wistar rats (N = 21) were inoculated intracranially with 106 C6 glioma cells, a subset of which received 20 (N = 5) or 40 Gy (N = 8) of radiation. All rats underwent diffusion-weighted (DW) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic (DCE) resonance imaging (MRI) at up to seven time points. All MRI data at each visit were subsequently clustered using k-means to identify physiological tumor habitats. A family of four models consisting of three coupled ODEs were developed and calibrated to the habitat time series of eight control rats and eight treated rats and evaluated for predictive capability. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used for model selection, and the normalized sum-of-square-error (SSE) was used to evaluate goodness-of-fit in model calibration and prediction. Three tumor habitats with significantly different imaging data characteristics (p < 0.05) were identified: high-vascularity high-cellularity, low-vascularity high-cellularity, and low-vascularity low-cellularity. Model selection yielded a five-parameter model whose predictions of habitat dynamics yielded SSEs that were similar to the SSEs from the calibrated model. It is thus feasible to mathematically describe habitat dynamics in a preclinical model of glioma using biology-based ODEs, showing promise for forecasting heterogeneous tumor behavior.