bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is parental socioeconomic status associated with irregularity of energy intake among children?
Authors: Roos E , Pajulahti R , Lehto R , Nissinen K , Erkkola M , Ray C , Korkalo L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The timing of eating, chrono-nutrition, is a relatively new research area, where the focus is not on only what we eat but also when we eat and of irregularity between days. Chrono-nutrition have been associated with cardiovascular risk factors among adults. Societal factors influence the chrono-nutrition, but there is limited research on how different socioeconomic factors are associated with chrono-nutrition, especially among children. The aim of this study is to examine the association between parental socioeconomic status and irregularity of children’s energy intake.

Methods
We used data from the DAGIS (Increased Health and Wellbeing in Preschools) study in years 2015-2016, in which 864 preschool children participated (age 3-6 years old). Childreńs dietary intake was measured by a 3-day food record. We included only children that had complete data from all three days and the child was at day care on two of those days and one day was a weekend day (n = 568). To calculate the irregularity score, the absolute difference between the daily energy intake and 3-day mean intake for each three days was divided by the 3-day mean energy intake, multiplied by 100 and then averaged over the 3 days; this served as a measure of irregularity of energy intake, with a low score indicating a more regular energy intake and a higher more irregular energy intake. The parents reported highest parental educational level and household income on a questionnaire. The associations were tested by general linear models on SPSS.

Results
No association was found between parental educational level or household income with irregularity of children’s energy intake.

Conclusions
There was no association between parental socioeconomic status and children’s irregularity of energy intake. Other aspects of children’s chrono-nutrition should also be tested to be able to conclude that children’s chrono-nutrition is not influenced by parental socioeconomic status.

Key messages
• We found no association between parental socioeconomic status and irregularity in children’s energy intake.
• Chrono-nutrition among children is under-examined.
How healthy is it to consume soft and energy drinks? – primary school pupils’ opinions from Hungary
Authors: Girán J , Girán K , Ormándlaky D , Kollányi Z , Kiss I 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The consumption of soft drinks and energy drinks (SaED) in EU27 has hardly changed over the past decade. In contrast, it grows massively in Hungary, mainly among youths. In 2021, our research group studied the causes of the growing SaED consumption of primary school pupils. Now, we deliver our key findings on how pupils consider the health impacts of SaED consumption.

Methods
The study took place in a primary school in Komló, Hungary, in a mixed methods design: 157 pupils aged 10 to 15 filled out a survey, which we analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and independency tests. Besides, focus groups were conducted involving three stakeholder groups: a) school pupils; b) pupils’ parents; c) school teachers (39 respondents in total).

Results
Every fifth pupil consumes soft drinks daily and every third more than once a week. 28.1% of pupils consume energy drinks with some regularity, the majority more than once a week. Of those who think that soft drinks are rather unhealthy, 37.2% consume them daily or several times a week. Of those who believe that energy drinks are rather unhealthy, 24.6% consume them with some regularity. The focus groups confirmed that pupils perceive SaED consumption as accepted and “normal” behavior, and for the majority, the health consequences of the consumption are not a point.

Conclusions
Although many pupils are aware of the health risk of SaED, they still drink them regularly. The general social acceptance of SaED consumption and the influential marketing of these products both support this attitude. To affect consumers’ behavior, messages on how “unhealthy” SaED are does not seem adequate: a change in community acceptance is needed.

Key messages
• The knowledge of adverse health effects of soft and energy drinks itself won’t reduce consumption as long as its social acceptance is high.
• Preventive interventions should apply similar tools that have made soft and energy drink consumption popular and accepted to reverse recent trends.
Ginger Constituents and its Effects on Gastrointestinal malignancies: A Review of clinical trials
Authors: Aregawi L , Csiki Z , Shokralahi M , Teame H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) is the tract of the digestive system that contains all the major organs of the digestive system. Disorder in any part of the GI tract results in various disease forms such as malignancies. The occurrence of GI cancer is very high in developed countries including Europe. A wide variety of natural products containing anticancer properties showed significant effects. Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, is among one of the natural herbal remedies widely used for its spice and medicinal properties. It is fair sources of vitamins like, β-carotene, vitamin C and minerals. Recently ginger has shown significant attention in clinical studies due to its anti-cancer effects that possesses promising potential for inhibiting the proliferation of multiple cancer cells. The aim of this review is to provide a summarized report of clinical trials on ginger constituents and its effects on gastrointestinal malignancies. A systematic search was conducted by two independent authors on the databases of Scopus, Clinical Trials, PubMed and Science with the search term of the key words. This review article supported that ginger is an important plant with several constituents and gastrointestinal medicinal effects. Ginger constituents suppress the growth and induce apoptosis of variety of cancer types including colon, gastric, pancreatic and other GI cancers. It is mainly the 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, of the major compounds in ginger rhizomes, among hundreds of molecules. It is reported that antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ginger support its preventive role against the gastrointestinal malignancies.

Key messages
• This review article provided evidences supporting the effects of ginger on gastrointestinal malignancies and demonstrates the importance of future studies.
• Therefore, more extensive and well-controlled clinical trial studies of ginger are required to demonstrate its effect on gastrointestinal malignancies.
Self-assessed achievement of eating balanced meals – is it reliable for tailoring interventions?
Authors: Schneider M , Nössler C , Lührmann PM 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Recording the self-assessed achievement of eating balanced meals offers the possibility to tailor nutritional interventions to the stage of behaviour change. Beforehand of an intervention, the self-assessed achievement of eating balanced meals was recorded and verified against the actual consumption.

Methods
Self-assessed achievement of eating balanced meals was operationalised using the behavioral stages of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). The actual consumption was assessed by a validated 3-day dietary record and the Healthy Eating Index of the National Nutrition Survey (HEI-NVS) was calculated. A score of 100 points represents one hundred percent compliance with the recommendations of the German Nutrition Society. Ten additional points could be scored if vegetables and fruit were consumed above the recommendation. An HEI-NVS score of ≥ 80.0 points was considered a cut-off for ‘eating balanced meals'.

Results
In a sample of 130 participants (86.9 % female, 29.0 ± 11.3 years), 9.2 % rated themselves as Non-Intenders, 17.7 % as Intenders, and 73,1 % as Actors. Their HEI-NVS was 69.6 ± 10.6 points, 79.2 ± 9.5 points, and 79.7 ± 9,0 points, respectively (ANOVA, p &lt; 0.01). In the post-hoc-Test (Scheffé) Non-Inteders differed from the other groups (p &lt; 0.05), Intenders and Actors were not different (n.s.). The proportion of participants with an HEI-NVS score ≥ 80.0 points was 16.7% for Non-Intenders, 60.9% for Intenders, and 51.6% for Actors (Chi2-Test, p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
Self-assessed achievement of eating balanced meals is characterised by self-underestimation (predominatly Intenders) and self-overestimation (predominatly Actors). Tailored interventions should take this into account.

Key messages
• Self-assessed achievement of eating balanced meals is characterised by self-overestimation.
• Self-assessed achievement of eating balanced meals is also characterised by self-underestimation.
An integrated hospital-district evaluation for communicable diseases in low/middle-income countries
Authors: Tavoschi L , Belardi P , Mazzilli S , Manenti F , Pellizer G , Abebe D , Azzimonti G , Nsubuga JB , Dall'Oglio G , Vainieri M 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The last two decades saw an extensive effort to design and implement integrated and multidimensional healthcare evaluation systems in high-income countries. However, in low/middle-income countries, few experiences of such systems implementation have been reported in the scientific literature. We developed and piloted an innovative tool to assess the performance of health services provision for communicable diseases in three African countries.

Methods
A total of 42 indicators, 14 per each communicable disease care pathway (Tuberculosis, Gastroenteritis, and HIV/AIDS), were developed. A sub-set of 23 indicators was included in the evaluation process. The indicators assessed four care phases: prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. All indicators were calculated for the period 2017-2019, while performance evaluation was performed for 2019. The analysis involved four health districts and their relative hospitals in Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda.

Results
Substantial variability was observed over time and across the four different districts. In the TB pathway, the majority of indicators scored below the standards and below-average performance was mainly reported for prevention and diagnosis phases. Along the Gastroenteritis pathway, excellent performance was instead evaluated for most indicators and the highest scores were reported in prevention and treatment phases. The HIV/AIDS pathway indicators related to screening and outcome phases were below the average score, while good or excellent performance was registered within the treatment phase.

Conclusions
The bottom-up approach and stakeholders’ engagement increased local ownership of the process and the likelihood that findings will inform health services performance and quality of care. Despite the intrinsic limitations of data sources, this framework may contribute to promoting good governance, performance evaluation and accountability in settings characterised by multiple healthcare service providers.

Key messages
• A successful experience in developing and implementing a communicable diseases performance evaluation systems in three sub-Saharan African countries using a bottom-up approach.
• The communicable diseases performance evaluation tool helped the data sharing between local healthcare providers and the development of competencies in data collection, analysis and interpretation.
Evaluation of a universal early intervention for parents and children from birth to age five
Authors: Sampaio F , Häggström J , Ssegonja R , Eurenius E , Ivarsson A , Pulkki-Brännström AM , Feldman I 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate the health and economic outcomes of a universal early intervention for parents and children, the Salut Programme, from birth to when the child completed five years of age.

Methods
This study adopted a retrospective observational design using routinely collected register data with respect to both exposures and outcomes from a county in northern Sweden. Areas that received care-as-usual (non-Salut area) were compared to areas where the Programme was implemented after 2006 (Salut area) in terms of: i) health outcomes, healthcare resource use and related costs around pregnancy, delivery and birth, and ii) healthcare resource use and related costs, as well as costs related to care of sick child. Costs were estimated for inpatient care and specialised outpatient care for mothers and children. Two analyses were conducted: a matched difference-in difference analysis using the total sample and an analysis including a longitudinal subsample.

Results
The longitudinal analysis on mothers who had given birth in both the pre- and post-measure periods showed that those that had been exposed to the Salut Programme, had on average 6% (95% CI 3-9%) more full-term pregnancies and 2% (95% CI 0.03-3%) more babies born within normal weight range, compared to mothers who had only care-as-usual. Savings were incurred in terms of outpatient care related costs for children of mothers in the Salut area ($826). The difference-in-difference analysis using the total sample did not result in any significant differences in health outcomes or cumulative resource use over time.

Conclusions
The Salut Programme achieved health gains at a reasonable cost for children and parents, and may lead to lower usage of outpatient care. Other indicators point towards positive effects but the small sample size may have led to underestimation of true differences. The current findings support the continuous investment in this early childhood programme.

Key messages
• The Salut Programme improves the health of children and parents at a low cost.
• The Salut Programme as a health promotion early intervention is value for money and should be included in the local policy investment agenda.
Does Portuguese pharmaceutical market follow an innovative trend? The INFOMED database analysis
Authors: Avelar FG , Raposo B , Torres A , Pedro AR 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Product innovation in the pharmaceutical market is, although not exclusively, a new product with the capacity to generate value. Thus, it must represent an invention through investment in research and development, and not a commercial monopoly. The aim is to identify innovation trends by Marketing Authorization (MA) granted in Portugal.

Methods
Quantitative descriptive study based on data (years 2017 to 2021) from Human Medicinal Products Database (INFOMED), managed by the National Authority of Medicines and Health Products, I.P. The parameters identified and used were MA and medical product subject to medical prescription. List was filtered by Product Group - New Active Substance. To identify innovation, findings were compared with the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) database and scientific literature to find other therapeutic options available.

Results
A total of 2695 records were identified. 1804 (67%) were generic drugs. Regarding new substances, 46 registrations (1.7%) were obtained, with the highest number recorded in 2017 (n = 13 - 2.03%) and the lowest in 2019 (n = 3 - 0.76%). After exclusion of different concentrations with the same therapeutic indication, a total of 26 medicines were observed: 54% had a listed ATC code and those, 64% had more than two linked ATC codes; 12 medicines had no related ATC code and 5 were classified as vaccine and therefore were not considered, thus 7 medicines were classified as major innovation.

Conclusions
Most of the innovation seen in the pharmaceutical market is not major innovation, but rather due to structural changes to chemical compositions. The Portuguese scenario is no different. Generic drugs, although not innovative, are important in the pharmaceutical market from a public health perspective. The identified innovations, although not major innovations, are important from a clinical and market availability perspective, however they should not represent a large portion of the pharmaceutical market.

Key messages
• In Portugal, the innovation trend in the pharmaceutical industry is based essentially on modifications in chemical composition and related therapeutic class.
• The development of major innovation in medicines should be stimulated and new models of financing and sustainability should be improved.
Factors associated with gender-based violence in couples during confinement by COVID-19 in Veracruz
Authors: Cruz Garduza AJ , Rodriguez Barranco AR , Vazquez Garate R , Uscanga Alcantara S , Martinez Torralba A , Perez Santamaria M , Juarez de la Huerta H , Pavan Gallardo JJ , Villegas Dominguez JE 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
In the world, about a third of women who have had a relationship have suffered some type of violence and Veracruz city in Mexico presented 83 femicides, 519 assaults and 686 disappearances, occupying the 2nd place national in this field.

Objetives
To determinate the factors associated with gender violence during confinement by covid-19

Methods
A cross-sectional, prospective, analytical and observational study was conducted between August - December 2021. Women residents of Veracruz who have or have had a relationship in the last year were included. Violence was quantified by applying to through Google Forms® assessment inventory of mistreatment of women by their couple (APCM) with cronbach’s alpha of 0.94; this instrument takes into account physical and psychological violence. SPSS v22 software was used for data analysis, X2 test with Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) and MannWhitney U test.

Results
A total of 740 women participated, with a mean age of 28.1±12.07, 87.8% heterosexual. Gender, sexual preference, educational level, witnessing violence in the family or in relationships with friends obtained values of p &gt; 0.05 to suffer violence, while age was higher for those who suffered gender-based violence (28.8 vs 24.2) and the associated factors (OR/CI95%) were being a housewife (3.1/1.4-6.9), being a student (0.5/0.3-0.8), being married (1.8/1.05-3.3), having a boyfriend (0.3/0.2-0.5), having suffered violence in a previous relationship (1.6/1.06-2.5), identifying gender-based violence correctly or perceived (0.2/0.1-0.4), having suffered gender-based violence at some time by their partner in their last relationship (15.9/5.0-50.9) (p &lt; 0.05)

Conclusions
Being a housewife, being married, having suffered violence in previous relationships and in the last relationship increase the risk of gender violence, while being a student, having a boyfriend and knowing the concept of gender violence decrease the probability of suffering it.

Key messages
• We must work on a deconstruction of ideas that allows women with risk factors for violence with their couples to identify it without fear of not meeting the socio-cultural expectations assigned to it.
• Including a woman’s partner within the structure of prevention of violence against women must be fundamental to promote an environment free of violence.
Health protection among own account and platform workers during COVID19 in Chile. The PWR project
Authors: Ruiz M , Vives A , Alvarez V , Diaz I , Zaupa A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
In the last decades, non-standard employment has grown globally. Especially for own account workers (OAW), this implies the self-management of economic, health and other work-related risks. In the context of COVID19, this management was stressed by lockdowns and the novel health risks imposed by an unknown and highly contagious virus, demanding the incorporation of new knowledge and preventive actions. As part of a six-country multiple case qualitative study on non-standard workers (NSW), we explore their experiences and strategies deployed to protect their health while continuing to work.

Methods
We performed 40 in-depth interviews to NSWs between October 2020 and February 2021, identified through the PWR online-survey and selected through an intentional sampling strategy according to levels of precarity (high-low), gender (male/female) and age (18-39/40-55). Interviews were analysed through abductive thematic analysis.

Results
We observed a significant transfer to platform, Uber-like jobs in the delivery of goods during lockdown (n = 7). In the absence of institutional prevention programs and provision of protective equipment, OAWs (n = 13) refer the self-provision of COVID19 prevention to protect themselves and their families while continuing to work, deploying a series of strategies amidst limited understanding of both mode of transmission of the virus and actual effective preventive measures. This had serious consequences for them and their families, expressed in anguish, sense of lack of control, fear, and fragility in the face of a major health risk given their constant potential exposure to the virus, leading to both physical and mental health problems, as well as COVID19 infection.

Conclusions
The substantial growth worldwide of gig delivery work during lockdowns magnified a pressing public health problem, critically requiring social security for gig and OAWs and the development of more equitable and accessible occupational health for all.

Key messages
• Substantial growth worldwide of gig delivery work during lockdowns magnified a pressing public health problem.
• Social security for gig and OAWs are critically required as well as the development of more equitable and accessible occupational health for all.
Health workers labor market before and during the Covid-19 pandemic: Health sector capacity of Serbia
Authors: Šantrić Milićević M , Mandić-Rajčević S , Stevanovic A 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic surges, healthcare stakeholders were concerned with the sufficiency of available health workforce capacity. In this study we examined the changes in the supply and demand of physicians, nurses and care workers in Serbia over the period 2011-2021.

Methods
The National Employment Service (NES) data on total number of unemployed physicians, nurses and care workers, and vacancy data in health sector were described using the annualized % change for the period 2011-2021. The long-term duration of unemployed female physicians and nurses was further analyzed.

Results
In 2021, NES has registered total of 13,332 unemployed physicians, nurses and care workers, out of which the majority were females (79%), and nurses and care workers (88%). 2021 data on vacancies showed that only 16% of unemployed workers were needed. The peak of health workers unemployment was in 2016, highlighting the period of unemployment rise (2011-2016) at an annualized rate of 3.7% for medical doctors’ specialists, 6.4% for medical doctors without specialization, and 3.2% for nurses and care workers, and the period of unemployment decline (2017-2021) at an annualized rate of -7.9% for medical doctors’ specialists, -10.9% for medical doctors without specialization, and -5.9% for nurses and care workers. The annualized rate of decline was the lowest for female nurses and care workers. On average 53% of all long term unemployed medical doctors, nurses and care workers were women. In comparison to 2019, during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020 and 2021 the number of vacancies for specialists and nurses and care workers has increased by one-third.

Conclusions
The study indicated a continuous mismatch between the supply and demand of physicians and nurses in Serbia (a surplus of some categories of nurse-specialists versus a shortage of some doctor specialists). The Serbian stakeholders need to urgently intervene regarding the long-term unemployment of female health workers.

Key messages
• NES data imply a low capacity of the Serbian health sector to absorb the huge numbers of (long-term) unemployed health workers.
• It is necessary to thoroughly examine and counteract the causes of the dramatic number of unemployed health workers on the NES records in Serbia.