bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Optimization of Planning and Operations for Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicle Systems
Authors: Chen Yao , Liu Yang 
Published: August 2022

Shared autonomous electric vehicle systems will be a promising alternative for sustainable urban mobility. This study investigates an integrated optimization problem for shared autonomous electric vehicle systems that determines the long-term charging facility deployment at the planning level (e.g., the sizing and configurations of charging facilities), while the vehicle assignment, relocation, and charging decisions in the short term are also optimized at the operational level. A two-stage stochastic integer program is formulated to capture the demand uncertainty, in which an event-activity space-time-battery network is proposed for tracking the charging choices and battery states of vehicles and determining the optimal operational decisions. For dealing with a large number of scenarios in the stochastic program, the sample average approximation scheme is applied as the sampling strategy. An accelerated two-phase Benders decomposition-based algorithm is proposed for solving the two-stage program. The modeling and algorithm approach is tested on a large-scale case in Shanghai City in China. Extensive experiments show that the proposed approach can always find high-quality solutions in an efficient way. Numerical results indicate that deployment of both normal- and fast-charging infrastructure can increase the system profit and improve its operational performance. Funding: This work was supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1 [Grant R-266-000-135-114] and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71971021 and 72101019]. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.1156 .
Comparative pharmacokinetics of valproic acid among Pakistani and South Korean patients: A population pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Shaukat Qurrat-ul-Ain , Khokhar Muhammad Imran , Bilal Rabiea , Khan Rizwan Rasul , Saeed Hafiz Asad , Ali Mohsin , Khan Humaira Majeed 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
The pharmacokinetics of valproic acid have been evaluated in a variety of populations however, the comparison in two different populations was yet to be reported. This study is aimed to compare the pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in Pakistani and South Korean patients.

Method
The therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data of valproic acid from 92 Pakistani patients with 218 samples was combined with the data of 99 South Korean patients with 335 samples in order to form a pooled dataset of 191 patients with 553 samples. Population pharmacokinetic model was developed on NONMEM® software by using first order conditional estimation method for estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters. The influence of different covariates including ethnicity was evaluated the stepwise covariate modelling. The final model was evaluated for predictive performance and robustness by using goodness of fit plots and bootstrap analysis respectively.

Results
The data was better described by one compartment model with first order elimination. The value for clearance (CL) of valproic in pooled data was 0.931 L/h with 43.4% interindividual variability (IIV) while volume of distribution (Vd) was 16.6 L with 22.3% IIV. In covariate analysis, ethnicity and body weight were significant covariates for CL while body weight was also significant for Vd.

Conclusion
A significant difference in CL of valproic acid among Pakistani and South Korean patients was observed. The model can be used for the dose tailoring of valproic acid based on ethnicity and body weight of Pakistani and South Korean patients.
The effectiveness of psychological interventions for reducing PTSD and psychological distress in first responders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alshahrani Khalid M. , Johnson Judith , Prudenzi Arianna , O’Connor Daryl B. 
Published: August 2022

Background
First responders are faced with stressful and traumatic events in their work that may affect their psychological health. The current review examined the effectiveness of psychological interventions to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, stress and burnout in first responders.

Methods
Four databases were searched to identify controlled studies that examined the efficacy of psychological interventions to reduce PTSD symptoms (primary outcome) in first responders (including firefighters, police/law enforcement officers, search and rescue personnel, emergency and paramedics teams). Secondary outcomes were anxiety, depression, burnout, and stress.

Results
15 studies were identified, including 10 studies that measured PTSD, 7 studies for anxiety, 10 studies for depression, 7 studies for stress and 1 for burnout. Interventions were associated with a significant reduction in PTSD (SDM = -0.86; 95% CI = -1.34 –- 0.39), depression (SDM = -0.63; 95% CI = -0.94 –-0.32), and anxiety (SDM = -0.38; 95% CI = -0.71 –-0.05) but not stress (SDM = -0.13; 95% CI = -0.51–0.25). CBT-based and clinician-delivered interventions were associated with significantly greater reductions in PTSD than other types of interventions and non-clinician interventions, but no differences were found for depression. There was evidence of moderate to high risk of bias across all studies.

Conclusions
Psychological interventions are effective in reducing PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms but not stress in first responders. Further research is needed using high quality randomised designs over longer periods of follow-up.
Development of an intervention to facilitate dissemination of community-based training to respond to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: FirstCPR
Authors: Munot Sonali , Bray Janet , Bauman Adrian , Rugel Emily J. , Bezerra Giordan Leticia , Marschner Simone , Chow Clara K. , Redfern Julie 
Published: August 2022

Background and aim
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a significant public health issue with low survival rates. Prompt bystander action can more than double survival odds. OHCA response training is primarily pursued due to work-related mandates, with few programs targeting communities with lower training levels. The aim of this research was to describe the development process of a targeted multicomponent intervention package designed to enhance confidence and training among laypeople in responding to an OHCA.

Methods
An iterative, three-phase program development process was employed using a mixed methods approach. The initial phase involved establishment of a multidisciplinary panel that informed decisions on key messages, program content, format, and delivery modes. These decisions were based on scientific evidence and guided by behavioural theories. The second phase comprised the development of the intervention package, identifying existing information and developing new material to fill identified gaps. The third phase involved refining and finalising the material via feedback from panel members, stakeholders, and community members.

Results
Through this approach, we collaboratively developed a comprehensive evidence-based education and training package consisting of a digital intervention supplemented with free access to in-person education and training. The package was designed to teach community members the specific steps in recognising and responding to a cardiac arrest, while addressing commonly known barriers and fears related to bystander response. The tailored program and delivery format addressed the needs of individuals of diverse ages, cultural backgrounds, and varied training needs and preferences.

Conclusion
The study highlights the importance of community engagement in intervention development and demonstrates the need of evidence-based and collaborative approaches in creating a comprehensive, localised, relatively low-cost intervention package to improve bystander response to OHCA.
Meeting demand—Obstetric hemorrhage and blood availability in Malawi, a qualitative study
Authors: Njolomole Stephen E. , Sachidanandan Ridhaa Fatima , Mandere George , Jenny Alisa , Muula Adamson S. , M’baya Bridon , John Ben Malinga , Gadama Luis , Bonongwe Phylos , Chabunya Sylvester , Storey Evance , Walker Dilys 
Published: August 2022

Background
Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality in Malawi. Despite the presence of a centralized institution supplying blood and blood products for hospitals across the country, a lack of timely blood transfusion has been identified as a critical barrier to successful PPH management. This study aims to understand the factors that affect the blood delivery pipeline and adequate access to blood products for postpartum haemorrhage patients.

Methods
Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders across the blood delivery pipeline. Interviews were conducted from July 2020 to January 2021 at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital and Mulanje District Hospital, a referral and district hospital respectively, as well as the Malawi Blood Transfusion Service. Line by line, open coding was used to perform a thematic analysis of the data using Nvivo and Atlas.ti software.

Results
Five key themes were identified: 1) Lack of blood availability due to an inadequate donor pool, 2) Transportation of blood products and PPH patients is impeded by distance to target sites and competing interests for blood delivery vehicles, 3) The Malawi Blood Transfusion Service has difficulty meeting demand for blood products due to inadequate funding and difficulty retaining blood donors, 4) Current PPH management protocols and practices lead to delays due to inconsistent guidelines on delivery and analysis of patient samples, and 5) Communication between health cadres is inconsistent and affected by a lack of adequate resources.

Conclusions
Barriers to timely blood transfusion for PPH patients exist across the blood delivery pipeline. While an investment of infrastructure would alleviate many obstacles, several solutions identified in this study can be implemented without additional resources, such as establishing joint department meetings to improve communication between health cadres. Ultimately, given a resource limited setting, it may be worth considering de-centralizing the blood supply.
EVALUATING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PANCREATOBILIARY FISH POLYSOMY ON PROGNOSIS IN DE NOVO CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
Authors: Ji Hyun , Barr Fritcher Emily G , Yin Jun , Bainter Tiffany M , Zemla Tyler J , Gores Gregory J , Halling Kevin C , Kipp Benjamin R , Roberts Lewis R 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
We recently developed a fluorescence in situ hybridization probe set for evaluating suspicious biliary and pancreatic duct strictures (PB-FISH). We aimed to determine whether PB-FISH results in biliary brush cytology specimens are associated with outcomes of patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective study of CCA patients tested by PB-FISH from January 2015 to August 2018. CCA were stratified by primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) into those with (PSC CCA) or without PSC (de novo CCA). PB-FISH results were categorized as polysomy (gain of multiple loci), non-polysomy (single locus gain, single locus gain with 9p21 loss, homozygous 9p21 loss, tetrasomy), and disomy (no abnormalities). Overall survival (OS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, and compared between the PB-FISH results using log-rank tests. Cox models adjusted for age, sex, CA 19-9, cytology results, source of brushing sample, and treatments.

RESULTS:
Characteristics of the 264 eligible patients (median age 60.4; range 18-92) were comparable for patients with PB-FISH polysomy vs. non-polysomy vs. disomy. Median OS was similar between disomy, non-polysomy and polysomy in overall population (22.7 vs 22.7 vs 20.3 months, respectively). For de novo CCA, both polysomy and non-polysomy were associated with worse OS compared to disomy (polysomy: HR=2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.14-3.83; non-polysomy: HR=2.4, 95% CI=0.54-2.46; P =0.027). For PSC CCA, neither polysomy nor non-polysomy were significantly associated with worse OS (polysomy: 0.90, 95% CI=0.47-1.75; non-polysomy: HR=1.78, CI=0.71-4.49; P =0.27).

CONCLUSION:
PB-FISH alterations are associated with worse survival in de novo CCA, though statistical significance was lost when adjusting for confounding variables.
“Even I Can Do It”: Chinese Ethnolinguistic Minority Learners’ Investment in Creative Writing and Its Impact
Authors: Yang Shizhou , Reynolds Barry Lee 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Although much is known about the benefits of providing creative writing courses to English learners, little research is available on Chinese ethnolinguistic minority learners’ creative writing in formal education. In response, this ethnographic study explored three ethnolinguistic minority learners’ engagement with a three-month elective English creative writing course at a Chinese university. Data (drafts, interviews, and reflection) were analyzed to reveal the three learners’ investment in creative writing and its impact. It was found that creative writing helped the learners to develop more confident writer identities, that they became more proficient in writing, and that their language proficiency also grew. The study suggests creative writing can serve as identity texts, which reflect back on their emergent creative writer identity, and can be a beneficial pedagogical option for ethnolinguistic minority learners.
Motivational Practices in Foreign Language Teaching: From the Perspective of Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Wei Mengxuan , Chen Yaping 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This quantitative-oriented study investigates junior middle school EFL teachers’ beliefs about motivational practices in the language teaching process. Grounded in self-determination theory, the study examined teachers’ beliefs in three basic psychological needs (relatedness, competence and autonomy) and the effect of their teaching experience on these beliefs. Data were obtained from 84 Chinese junior middle school English teachers through a questionnaire. Results suggested that teachers recognized motivational practices for relatedness and competence satisfaction while showing relatively low recognition of a few motivating practices for autonomy satisfaction. Teaching experience was found to have no influence on teachers’ conception of needs-related motivational practices. Findings reveal that traditional activities like collective lesson preparations may have a negative influence on teachers’ beliefs about motivational practices. They also present the necessity for adjustments on educational regulations, and for modern professional training to help teachers understand students’ basic psychological needs, and to encourage new ideas to bolster students’ intrinsic motivation for language learning.
Exploring Generic Features in China-Africa Corporate Advertising: A Critical Genre Analysis
Authors: Wang Meiling , Deng Liming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
China-Africa corporate advertising is emerging as an example of the corporate advertising genre in response to the specific rhetorical context of China-Africa win-win cooperation. Drawing on Bhatia’s Critical Genre Analysis (2017), this study explores the text-internal and text-external generic features of China-Africa corporate advertising by analyzing 50 collected samples. The analysis of text-internal prominence shows that China-Africa corporate advertising is unique in its frequent use of win-win-oriented and sector-dependent technical lexicons to indicate the promotional intent. It is also found that move structures vary across different sub-types of China-Africa corporate advertising. Text-externally, the findings reveal a mixture of different discourses within the discursive space of China-Africa corporate advertising. In addition, the results suggest that Chinese companies invest more rhetorical efforts in enhancing the China-Africa community than African counterparts who tend to perceive China-Africa cooperation as the main avenue to attract worldwide partnerships. The findings have some practical implications for discourse construction in the Belt and Road Initiative context and shed light on the evolving nature of advertising discourse, particularly in the China-Africa win-win business context.
Improving diagnosis: adding context to cognition
Authors: Linzer Mark , Sullivan Erin E. , Olson Andrew P. J. , Khazen Maram , Mirica Maria , Schiff Gordon D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The environment in which clinicians provide care and think about their patients is a crucial and undervalued component of the diagnostic process.

Content
In this paper, we propose a new conceptual model that links work conditions to clinician responses such as stress and burnout, which in turn impacts the quality of the diagnostic process and finally patient diagnostic outcomes. The mechanism for these interactions critically depends on the relationship between working memory (WM) and long-term memory (LTM), and ways WM and LTM interactions are affected by working conditions.

Summary
We propose a conceptual model to guide interventions to improve work conditions, clinician reactions and ultimately diagnostic process, accuracy and outcomes.

Outlook
Improving diagnosis can be accomplished if we are able to understand, measure and increase our knowledge of the context of care.
Palladium-mediated base-free and solvent-free synthesis of aromatic azo compounds from anilines catalyzed by copper acetate
Authors: Jiang Bo , Du Yue-Yue , Han Guo-Zhi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Herein, we report a new one-step direct synthesis of aromatic azo compounds from anilines under mild conditions. With the catalysis of copper acetate mediated by palladium salt, rapid conversion of anilines to aromatic azo compounds can be observed under the conditions of base-free along with solvent-free. Furthermore, the cross-coupling nitridation reaction based on this strategy was also studied. This research provides not only a new way for the synthesis of symmetrical and asymmetrical aromatic azo compounds but also a strategy and platform for exploring catalytic applications of transition metal compounds.
On the verge of extinction: the semantics, pragmatics, and etymology of eight endangered similes in Jish Arabic
Authors: Habib Sandy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study has aimed (1) to look into the meaning and origin of eight similes used by older, but not by younger, native speakers of Jish Arabic and (2) to explicate their meanings using simple, universal human concepts. It is hypothesized that, with the passage of time, these similes will go extinct. That is, not only will they stop being used, but they will also not be recognized by native Jish Arabic speakers. Thus, by discussing their meaning and etymology, these similes can be preserved in writing, especially as Jish Arabic does not have any written records. By explicating them using simple, universal language, their meaning will be accessible to cultural outsiders.
Dynamical analysis of a Lotka Volterra commensalism model with additive Allee effect
Authors: He Xiaqing , Zhu Zhenliang , Chen Jialin , Chen Fengde 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We propose and analyze a Lotka-Volterra commensal model with an additive Allee effect in this article. First, we study the existence and local stability of possible equilibria. Second, the conditions for the existence of saddle-node bifurcations and transcritical bifurcations are derived by using Sotomayor’s theorem. Third, we give sufficient conditions for the global stability of the boundary equilibrium and positive equilibrium. Finally, we use numerical simulations to verify the above theoretical results. This study shows that for the weak Allee effect case, the additive Allee effect has a negative effect on the final density of both species, with increasing Allee effect, the densities of both species are decreasing. For the strong Allee effect case, the additive Allee effect is one of the most important factors that leads to the extinction of the second species. The additive Allee effect leads to the complex dynamic behaviors of the system.
Monte Carlo simulation of sensitivity functions for few-view computed tomography of strongly absorbing media
Authors: Konovalov Alexander , Vlasov Vitaly , Kolchugin Sergey , Malyshkin Gennady , Mukhamadiyev Rim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe paper describes a sensitivity function calculation method for few-view X-ray computed tomography of strongly absorbing objects. It is based on a probabilistic interpretation of energy transport through the object from a source to a detector. A PRIZMA code package is used to track photons. The code is developed at FSUE “RFNC–VNIITF named after Academ. E. I. Zababakhin” and implements a stochastic Monte Carlo method. The value of the sensitivity function in a discrete cell of the reconstruction region is assumed to be directly proportional to the fraction of photon trajectories which cross the cell from all those recorded by the detector. The method’s efficiency is validated through a numerical experiment on the reconstruction of a section of a spherical heavy-metal phantom with an air cavity and a density difference of 25 Ṫhe proposed method is shown to outperform the method based on projection approximation in case of reconstruction from 9 views.
On arithmetic–geometric eigenvalues of graphs
Authors: Rather Bilal A. , Aouchiche Mustapha , Imran Muhammad , Pirzada Shariefuddin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this article, we are interested in characterizing graphs with three distinct arithmetic–geometric eigenvalues. We provide the bounds on the arithmetic–geometric energy of graphs. In addition, we carry out a statistical analysis of arithmetic–geometric energy and boiling point of alkanes. We observe that arithmetic–geometric energy is better correlated with a boiling point than the arithmetic–geometric index.
A UPR Perspective on Capital Punishment and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Nazir Amna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Universal Periodic Review (UPR), established in 2006, has been hailed as an innovative mechanism of the United Nations’ Human Rights Council. The peer review mechanism assesses the human rights records of all UN Member States and provides recommendations to further the global promotion and protection of human rights. This article provides an analysis of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s third UPR in 2018 with a specific focus on the State’s use of capital punishment. It explores the challenges faced by the UPR and issues recommendations to foster meaningful discourse, in the international community, to protect the right to life and engender change at the domestic level.
Few-mode field quantization for multiple emitters
Authors: Sánchez-Barquilla Mónica , García-Vidal Francisco J. , Fernández-Domínguez Antonio I. , Feist Johannes 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The control of the interaction between quantum emitters using nanophotonic structures holds great promise for quantum technology applications, while its theoretical description for complex nanostructures is a highly demanding task as the electromagnetic (EM) modes form a high-dimensional continuum. We here introduce an approach that permits a quantized description of the full EM field through a small number of discrete modes. This extends the previous work in ref. (I. Medina, F. J. García-Vidal, A. I. Fernández-Domínguez, and J. Feist, “Few-mode field quantization of arbitrary electromagnetic spectral densities,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 126, p. 093601, 2021) to the case of an arbitrary number of emitters, without any restrictions on the emitter level structure or dipole operators. The low computational demand of this method makes it suitable for studying dynamics for a wide range of parameters. We illustrate the power of our approach for a system of three emitters placed within a hybrid metallodielectric photonic structure and show that excitation transfer is highly sensitive to the properties of the hybrid photonic–plasmonic modes.