bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast growth factor 21 attenuates the progression of hyperuricemic nephropathy through inhibiting inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress
Authors: Jiang Xinghao , Wu Qing , Opoku Yeboah Kwaku , Zou Yimeng , Wang Dan , Hu Changhui , Ren Guiping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElevated levels of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) have been reported in patients with hyperuricemia. However, the effect of FGF21 in hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the effect and mechanism of action of FGF21 on HN. HN model was induced with adenine and potassium oxysalt in wild‐type C57BL/6 mice and FGF21−/− mice. For in vitro studies, human renal tubular epithelial (HK‐2) cells were exposed to uric acid with/without FGF21 or β‐Klotho‐siRNA. Here, we reported aggravated renal dysfunction and structural damage in the FGF21−/− mice compared to the wild‐type mice. These were evident in the upsurge of inflammatory factors IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐18; fibrotic markers Collagen I and α‐SMA; and oxidation products ROS and MDA. However, exogenous administration of FGF21 to wild‐type HN mice significantly reversed these negative effects. In terms of mechanism, FGF21 significantly inhibited NF‐κB/NLRP3 and TGF‐β1/Smad3 pathways and promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the silencing of β‐Klotho was marked by the attenuation of the improved effect of FGF21 on cell damage. In conclusion, our studies revealed that exogenous FGF21 treatment significantly improved HN, which was achieved by the inhibition of inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress.
Exposure to phenanthrene affects oocyte meiosis by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Si‐Hong , Yang Shu‐Jie , Li Xiao‐Qing , Liu Lu , Ma Xiang , Niu Dong , Duan Xing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesPhenanthrene (PHE) is one of the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which is a widespread environmental contaminant. Various studies showed that PHE has adverse impacts on animals and human health. It has been shown that PHE exposure induced follicular atresia and endocrine dyscrasia in female mice. However, the potential mechanism regarding how PHE affects female reproductive system especially the oocyte quality has not been elucidated.Methods and ResultsIn this study, we set up PHE exposure model and found that PHE exposure compromised oocytes maturation competence by inhibiting spindle assembly and chromosomes alignment. Moreover, PHE exposure induced mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aberrant calcium levels in cytoplasm, eventually induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in oocytes. Furthermore, we found that oral administration of PHE caused the occurrence of oxidative stress and apoptosis in female ovary. In addition, the oocyte exhibited aberrant spindle morphology and failure of actin cap formation in metaphase II oocytes.ConclusionsTaken together, our study demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress‐induced oxidative stress and DNA damage are the major cause of poor oocyte quality after PHE exposure.
TGF‐β1 regulates the lncRNA transcriptome of ovarian granulosa cells in a transcription activity‐dependent manner
Authors: Li Qiqi , Huo Yangan , Wang Siqi , Yang Liu , Li Qifa , Du Xing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTransforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1), an essential cytokine belongs to TGF‐β superfamily, is crucial for female fertility. Increasing evidence show that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) influence the state of granulosa cells (GCs). This study aimed to detect the effects of TGF‐β1 on the lncRNA transcriptome, and investigate whether lncRNAs mediate the functions of TGF‐β1 in GCs.Material and MethodsRNA‐seq and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify and characterize the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs). The regulatory mechanism of TGF‐β1 to lncRNA transcriptome was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. The effects of lncRNAs on the antiapoptotic and proproliferative functions of TGF‐β1 were examined by morphological analysis, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, Cell Counting Kit‐8, and Western blot.ResultsA total of 72 DElncRNAs highly sensitive to TGF‐β1 were identified with the criteria of |log2(fold chage)| ≥ 3 and false discovery rate < 0.05. Functional assessment showed that DElncRNAs were enriched in TGF‐β, nuclear factor kappa B, p53, and Hippo pathways which are crucial for the normal state and function of GCs. Importantly, SMAD4 is essential for the regulation of TGF‐β1 to lncRNA transcriptome. In vitro studies confirmed that TGF‐β1 induced TEX14‐IT1 transcription in a SMAD4‐dependent manner, and TEX14‐IT1 mediated the antiapoptotic and proproliferative effects of TGF‐β1 in GCs.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that TGF‐β1 alters lncRNA transcriptome in a SMAD4‐dependent manner, and highlight that lncRNAs mediate the functions of TGF‐β1 in GCs, which contribute to a better understanding of the epigenetic regulation of female fertility.
An exploratory machine learning approach to identify placebo responders in pharmacological binge eating disorder trials
Authors: Goyal Rahul K. , Kalaria Shamir N. , McElroy Susan L. , Gopalakrishnan Mathangi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRandomized, placebo‐controlled trials for binge eating disorder (BED) have revealed highly variable, and often marked, rates of short‐term placebo response. Several quantitative based analyses in patients with BED have inconsistently demonstrated which patient factors attribute to an increase in placebo response. The objective of this study is to utilize machine learning (ML) algorithms to identify moderators of placebo response in patients with BED. Data were pooled from 12 randomized placebo‐controlled trials evaluating different treatment options for BED. The final dataset consisted of 189 adults receiving placebo with complete information of baseline variables. Placebo responders were defined as patients experiencing ≥75% reduction in binge eating frequency (BEF) at study end point. Nine patient prerandomization variables were included as predictors. Patients were divided into training and testing subsets according to an 75%:25% distribution while preserving the proportion of placebo responders. All analysis was performed in the software Pumas 2.0. Gaussian Naïve Bayes algorithm showed the best cross‐validation accuracy (~64%) and was chosen as the final algorithm. Shapley analysis suggested that patients with low baseline BEF and anxiety status were strong moderators of placebo response. Upon applying the final algorithm on the test dataset, the resulting sensitivity was 88% and prediction accuracy was 72%. This is the first application of ML to identify moderators of placebo response in BED. The results of this analysis confirm previous findings of lesser baseline disease severity and adds that patients with no anxiety are more susceptible to placebo response.
Right ventricular peak systolic free wall longitudinal strain as a practical tool to detect right ventricular dysfunction in acute myocarditis
Authors: Maharlou Maryam , Kaviani Raheleh , Rezaeian Nahid , Amin Ahmad , Omidvar Razieh , Farrashi Melody 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionAcute myocarditis is one of the etiologies of acute heart failure, chronic dilated cardiomyopathy, and cardiac mortality. The extent of right ventricular (RV) involvement and its impact on the course of the disease have been scarcely studied. This study aimed to evaluate both the prevalence of RV dysfunction in acute myocarditis and echocardiographic measures as a diagnostic tool for RV dysfunction compared with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) findings.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled patients with a definite or probable acute myocarditis diagnosis based on the Lake Louise criteria in CMR and evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiographic measures in predicting RV dysfunction in CMR.ResultsThe study population consisted of 71 patients, including 54 men (76%), at a median (Q1–Q3) age of 33 (26–46) years. CMR detected RV dysfunction in 53.5% of the patients. The RV free wall peak systolic longitudinal strain showed the highest correlation (r = −.786, p < .001) and area under the curve (.919) with the RV ejection fraction in CMR, followed by the RV global peak systolic longitudinal strain and the RV fractional area change. The RV‐free wall peak systolic longitudinal strain had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 73% for the diagnosis of RV dysfunction in myocarditis. A cutoff value of −17.9% was 100% specific for RV systolic dysfunction.ConclusionsEchocardiography, as a readily available tool, was predictive of and had acceptable accuracy for RV dysfunction in acute myocarditis compared with CMR.
Callosobruchus larval competition and its consequences for male and female adults
Authors: Amiri Azam , Bandani Ali R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe struggle for life is generally the most intense among individuals of the same species because they compete to access the same food, territory, and mates. In the current study, we used Callosobruchus maculatus to investigate how males and females respond to a competitor's presence inside a bean. We monitored males' and females' from egg to adult developmental time, adult emergence, copulation success, copulatory behaviors, fecundity, egg hatching percentage, and adult longevity. Our findings revealed that a competitor's presence during immature life did not influence developmental time and adult longevity in females and males. Also, the environmental condition of living with a potential competitor in the immature stages could not significantly affect adult beetle mating behaviors compared to beetles reared alone. However, female larvae were more likely to interfere with competitors than males. Females' neighbors died sooner (mainly in the larval stage) than males (primarily as pupae). Also, when we paired males and females whose competitors died in the larval stage, female adult longevity decreased compared to without competitor control pairs. However, male adult longevity in all examined pairs was similar and was not affected by their mate's conditions. A competitor's presence during larval development decreased the insect fecundity and, at the same time, increased egg hatching percentage in all treatments regardless of the competitor's sex, or if the competitor died, compared to the control (reared alone individuals). In all, females show more interference than males toward a potential competitor.
Changing co‐morbidity and increasing deprivation among people living with HIV: UK population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: McGettigan Patricia , Morales Daniel R. , Moreno‐Martos David , Matin Nashaba 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe great success of HIV treatments means that, increasingly, people living with HIV (PLHIV) are growing old enough to develop age‐associated comorbid conditions. We investigated the evolution of comorbid conditions and demographics among PLHIV in England.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study linking Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care, hospitalization, death registry and Index of Multiple Deprivation data, we measured the prevalence of 304 individual health conditions, categorized into 47 condition groups (36 non‐communicable, 11 communicable). Using logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) for the likelihood of each condition and condition group in 2015 versus 2008, adjusting for age, sex and deprivation.ResultsIn 2015, there were 964 CPRD‐registered PLHIV compared with 1987 in 2008; 62% were male and 38% female in both cohorts. The 2015 cohort was older, with 51.1% aged 45–64 years and 7.2% aged 65–84 years compared with 31.8% and 3.2%, respectively, in 2008. Deprivation was higher in 2015, at 23.9% (quintile 4) and 28.7% (quintile 5) compared with 5.8% and 6.6%, respectively, in 2008.Of 36 non‐communicable condition groups, 14 (39%) occurred in ≥ 10% of PLHIV in 2015, of which seven were more likely in 2015 than in 2008: renal‐chronic‐kidney‐disease [odds ratio (OR) = 1.96 (95% CI: 1.33–2.90); endocrine‐obesity [OR = 1.76 (1.12–2.77)]; rheumatology [OR = 1.64 (1.30–2.07)]; dermatology [OR = 1.55(1.29–1.85)]; genito‐urinary‐gynaecological [OR = 1.44(1.18–1.76)]; eyes‐ears/nose/throat [OR = 1.31(1.08–1.59)]; and gastro‐intestinal conditions [OR = 1.28 (1.04–1.58)]. Two condition groups, respiratory‐chronic‐obstructive‐pulmonary‐disease [OR = 0.36 (0.19–0.69)] and endocrine‐diabetes [OR = 0.49 (0.34–0.70)], were less likely in 2015. Ten out of 11 communicable infectious condition groups were less likely in 2015.ConclusionsAlthough infections in PLHIV have fallen, chronic non‐communicable comorbidity is increasingly prevalent. Alongside the marked increases in deprivation and ageing, this study suggests that socio‐economic measures in addition to healthcare provision are needed to achieve holistic health for PLHIV.
Facial reactions to emotional films in young children with conduct problems and varying levels of callous‐unemotional traits
Authors: Kimonis Eva R. , Le Brandon , Fleming Georgette E. , Kyranides Melina N. , Demetriou Chara A. , Fanti Kostas A. , Neo Bryan , Prasad Ashneeta H. , Chan Amanda , Hawes David J. , Eapen Valsamma 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundElevated levels of callous‐unemotional (CU) traits have proven useful for identifying a distinct subgroup of children whose conduct problems (CP) are early emerging, severe, persistent, and underpinned by aberrant emotional processing. The early childhood emotional experiences and expressions of CP subtypes are poorly understood, despite their importance to understanding the problematic attachments and atypical social affiliation experienced by children with elevated CU traits. The current study aimed to test for differences in facial emotional reactions to mood‐inducing film clips in children with CP and varying levels of CU traits.MethodWe compared facial emotional reactions during a developmentally appropriate mood induction task in a mixed‐sex sample of clinic‐referred preschool children (Mage = 3.64 years, SD = 0.63, 66.9% male) classified as CP with elevated levels of CU traits (CP + CU; n = 25) versus low CU traits (CP‐only; n = 47), and typically developing children (TD; n = 28).ResultsRelative to TD children, children with clinical CP showed less congruent and more incongruent facial emotional expressions to sad and happy film clips, controlling for child sex, age, and ethnicity.ConclusionsConsistent with older samples, young children with CP show atypical facial emotional expressions in response to positive and negative emotional stimuli. Findings have implications for developmental models of childhood antisocial behavior and can inform the development of targeted interventions.
Efficacy analysis of hemostatic spray following endoscopic papillectomy: A multicenter comparative study
Authors: Lee Kyong Joo , Lee Tae Hoon , Cho Jae Hee , Hyun Jong Jin , Jang Sung Ill , Jeong Seok , Park Jin‐Seok , Yang Jae Kook , Lee Don Haeng , Lee Dong Ki , Park Sang Heum 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic post‐papillectomy bleeding is a serious adverse event with a prevalence ranging from 2% to 45.3%. Conventional hemostatic methods, including diluted epinephrine injection before papillectomy or argon plasma coagulation after papillectomy, did not show a preventive role in reducing immediate or delayed post‐papillectomy bleeding. Therefore, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a hemostatic powder spray for post‐papillectomy bleeding and compare with those of conventional modalities.MethodsPatients who underwent endoscopic papillectomy were enrolled in five tertiary hospitals. The group was divided into hemostatic spray and conventional control groups according to the bleeding control methods. The main outcome measurements were delayed bleeding rate and any adverse events related to the procedures.ResultsA total of 40 patients who received a hemostatic spray (n = 18) or conventional hemostatic methods (n = 22) after endoscopic papillectomy were included. The prevalence of delayed bleeding was not different in the two groups: 27.8% and 36.4% in hemostatic spray and conventional control groups (P = 0.564), respectively. The adverse events such as post‐papillectomy pancreatitis and cholangitis were not different in the two groups. There were no procedure‐related mortalities.ConclusionHemostatic spray is technically feasible and safe for the prevention or management of post‐papillectomy bleeding. Hemostatic spray can be one of the options for post‐papillectomy bleeding control methods owing to its convenient use.
Three‐dimensional visualization and quantitative analysis of embryonic and fetal thigh muscles using magnetic resonance and phase‐contrast X‐ray imaging
Authors: Yamaguchi Yutaka , Murase Ami , Kodama Ryota , Yamamoto Akira , Imai Hirohiko , Yoneyama Akio , Yamada Shigehito 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe musculoskeletal system around the human hip joint has acquired a suitable structure for erect bipedal walking. However, little is known about the process of separation and maturation of individual muscles during the prenatal period, when muscle composition is acquired. Understanding the maturation process of the normal musculoskeletal system contributes to elucidating the acquisition of bipedal walking in humans and to predicting normal growth and detecting congenital muscle disorders and anomalies. In this study, we clarify the process of thigh muscle maturation from the embryonic stage to the mid‐fetal stage using serial sections, phase‐contrast X‐ray computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. We also provide a 4D atlas of human thigh muscles between 8 and 23 weeks of gestation. As a result, we first show that muscle separation in the lower thigh tends to progress from the superficial to the deep layers and that all musculoskeletal components are formed by Carnegie Stage 22. Next, we show that femur and muscle volume grow in correlation with crown‐rump length. Finally, we show that the anterior, abductor, and posterior muscle groups in the thigh contain a high percentage of monoarticular muscle volume by the end of the embryonic period. This ratio approaches that of adult muscle composition during normal early fetal development and is typical of bipedal walking. This study of fetal muscle composition suggests that preparation for postnatal walking may begin in early fetal period.
Critical care nurses' experiences of physical restraint in intensive care units: A qualitative systematic review and meta‐synthesis
Authors: Lao Yuewen , Chen Xiangping , Zhang Yi , Shen Lanjun , Wu Feixia , Gong Xiaoyan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionPhysical restraint is widely used in intensive care units. Critical care nurses are the primary decision makers and practitioners of physical restraint. However, little is known about the qualitative evidence of their experience of physical restraint.AimsTo aggregate, synthesise and interpret the qualitative evidence of studies that explored critical care nurses' experiences of physical restraint in intensive care units.MethodsA qualitative systematic review and meta‐synthesis was conducted following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and reported following the ENTREQ statement. Qualitative studies published in the English and Chinese were systematically searched in eight databases.PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from inception to November 2021. Two reviewers independently assessed the study eligibility and performed the data extraction and the quality appraisal. A meta‐aggregative approach was used to synthesise findings. The review protocol was registered prospectively with PROSPERO (CRD42021278671).ResultsThirteen studies were included. A total of 48 intact and definite codes were extracted and classified into ten sub‐categories. Four themes were finally identified: intention, alternatives, determinants, and reflection.ConclusionThe intention of critical care nurses to use physical restraint is primarily driven by patient safety. Nurses will consider alternatives; however, many determinants urge nurses to implement physical restraint. Nurses prefer to sacrifice patients' comfort to ensure their safety. When nurses reflect on what they have done, some experience moral distress, but most rationalise their decision making. Further studies should explore the safety of alternatives, reduce the use of physical restraint, and pay more attention to nurses' moral distress through these insights.Relevance to clinical practiceDeveloping alternatives, providing relevant training for nurses, physicians, patients, and families to facilitate a restraint‐free culture, and developing high‐quality guidelines and regulations are essential strategies to reduce the use of physical restraint in ICUs.
What do we know about no‐show behavior? A systematic, interdisciplinary literature review
Authors: Amberger Caroline , Schreyer Dominik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNo‐show behavior, a distinct form of absenteeism, is often problematic, particularly in the service industry. Given the growing relevance of the phenomenon in the industry, an increasing number of researchers from such different disciplines as educational economics, healthcare management research, and sports economics have begun examining both the potential antecedents and measures to counteract no‐show behavior, recently. Although the continuously growing body of literature on no‐show behavior has been reviewed before, most such previous attempts were neither interdisciplinary nor systematic, sometimes lacking both completeness and thoroughness. In this article, we address this gap in the still‐emerging literature by providing a systematic, interdisciplinary review of the literature. We observe that, although the potential antecedents are manifold and not always neatly comparable across the different industries, there still exist commonalities, most of which are related to product characteristics and the opportunity costs arising from physical attendance. In contrast, although we document a promising effect of exploiting reminders in reducing no‐show behavior, our understanding of the effectiveness of potential countermeasures is less pronounced.