bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clothing Image Classification with a Dragonfly Algorithm Optimised Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Li Jianqiang , Shi Weimin , Yang Donghe 
Published: April 2022

This study proposes a solution for the issue of the low classification accuracy of clothing images. Using Fashion-MNIST as the clothing image dataset, we propose a clothing image classification technology based on an online sequential extreme learning machine (OSELM) optimised by the dragonfly algorithm (DA). First, we transform the Fashion-MNIST dataset into a data set that we extract from the corresponding grey image. Then, considering that the input weight and hidden layer bias of an OSELM are generated randomly, a DA is proposed to optimise the input weight and hidden layer bias of the OSELM to reduce the influence of random generation on the classification results. Finally, the optimised OSELM is applied to the clothing image classification. Compared to the other seven types of classification algorithms, the proposed clothing image classification model with the DA-optimised OSELM reached 93.98% accuracy when it contained 350 hidden nodes. Its performance was superior to other algorithms that were configured with the same number of hidden nodes. From a stability analysis of the box-plot, it was found that there were no outliers exhibited by the DA-OSELM model, whereas some other models had outliers or had lower stability compared to the model proposed, thereby validating the efficacy of the solution proposed.
Overseas Dissemination of Ancient Chinese Costume Culture from the Perspective of Cultural Confidence
Authors: Wang Zhicheng , Cui Rrongrong , Cong Tianzhu , Liang Hui’e 
Published: April 2022

Since the reform and opening-up, China has actively followed overseas costume trends and bidden farewell to the era of uniforms. It has gone through evolution from collective imitation to physical liberation to the advocacy of diversified individuality to this new age, where the Chinese culture of costume is radiant with self-confidence. The culture of ancient Chinese costume has a long history with extensive and profound connotations. This paper, from the perspective of cultural confidence, adopts the propagation mode of ‘5W’ to discuss the overseas dissemination of ancient Chinese costume culture, the specific content of Chinese-foreign exchange, and theoretical approaches in the theoretical framework of communication based on the case of ‘American Tour of Innovative Design Works of Ancient Chinese Costume Culture’, organised by Jiangnan University in 2018, in a bid to serve as a reference for the narration of the national story, the communication of a national voice and the creation of a national image.
Alkali Degumming and Refining Technology for Chinese Fevervine Fibr
Authors: Hongwei Zhang , Dongfeng Shao , Jianqin Tao 
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the Rubiaceae Chinese Fevervine stem was used as raw material, with pool dipping, manual decorticating, acid dipping and sodium hydroxide scouring twice as the degumming method, to produce Chinese Fevervine Fibre (CF fibre). Through an orthogonal experiment, optimised two-fold sodium hydroxide degumming using refining technology was achieved: in the first alkali degumming, the NaOH concentration was 1.4% at a temperature of 95 °C for 3.5 hours; in the second , the NaOH concentration was 0.8% at a temperature of 95 °C for 2.5 hours; and in the acid dipping, the sulfuric acid concentration was 6% at room temperature for 0.5 hours. The CF fibre produced has a spinnability of 39.90 mm length, a linear density of 2.82 dtex, a tenacity of 18.56 cN/dtex, and a break elongation of 2.81%.
Adsorption Kinetics of an Activated Carbon Glass Composite Prepared Using Acrylic Waste Through Laser Treatment
Authors: Gilani Syed Qummer Zia , Wiener Jakub , Naeem M. Salman , Javed Zafar , Jabbar Abdul , Abid Hafiz Affan , Karahan Mehmet 
Published: April 2022

This work explains a novel method of producing activated carbon using laser treatment. Acrylic coated glass samples were developed by padding a glass non-woven sheet in 30% acrylic fibre solution (PAN solution) from waste acrylic bathmats. Samples were then dried and cured at different temperatures. After curing, stabilisation was performed at 230 °C with a heating rate of 50 °C hr-1. Infrared laser irradiation was performed on the stabilised web using a commercial pulsed infrared laser for carbonisation. The resultant acrylic glass carbon composite (AGCC) was characterised with the help of x-ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive w-ray, and a scanning electron microscope to determine the increase in crystallinity as well as the percentage of carbon and surface roughness of the carbon glass composites. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbon (AC) glass composite prepared was determined by changing process inputs like the concentration of dye, the amount of AC glass composite, the agitation speed and pH. The results were analysed through different adsorption isotherms. It was established that the Freundlich model can more effectively describe results due to the development of heterogeneous surface characteristics. The kinetics of adsorption were studied using first order and second order models.
Study of Thermal Comfort Properties of Different Kinds of Polyester Knitted Fabrics
Authors: Mohapatra Shradhanjali , Thangavelu Vidya , Dhanapal Vasanth Kumar , Rajwin A. Jebastin , Ramesh Babu V. , Prakash C. , Shah Anas , Roy Reetuparna 
Published: April 2022

This research focused on the thermal comfort behaviour of polyester with respect to the type of yarn (spun, micro denier, continuous filament and hollow), linear density of the yarn (111 and 166 dtex), and the loop length of knitted fabric (0.25, 0.27 and 0.29 cm).The air permeability of continuous filament yarn fabric and micro denier yarn knitted fabrics was noted to be higher than that of spun yarn knitted fabrics. 111 dtex micro denier yarn fabric has the highest air permeability and 111 dtex spun yarn fabric the lowest air permeability value among all the other fabric samples. Comparatively, coarser spun yarn fabric has lower air permeability characteristics than finer microdenier fabric.The water permeability of the fabric shows a significant difference between the spun yarn, continuous filament yarn and Micro denier yarn knitted fabrics and between the linear density of the yarn. The water vapour permeability of spun yarn of 166 dtex single jersey fabric is higher, while the water vapour permeability of continuous filament yarn fabric of 166 dtex is lower. The thermal conductivity value is high for continuous filament polyester fabric of 100 D and low for microdenier polyester fabric of 166 dtex. Based on the statistical analysis, it is clearly shown that there are significant differences between the three different polyester yarn fabrics of two different denier of the same fabric. Furthermore, the count and different polyester yarn affect the comfort properties of single jersey fabrics.
Natural Sources in Preventive Conservation of Naturally Aged Textiles
Authors: Wendt Jan A. , Indrie Liliana , Dejeu Paula , Albu Adina , Ilieș Dorina Camelia , Costea Monica , Caciora Tudor , Ilieș Gabriela , Hodor Nicolaie , Josan Ioana , Berdenov Zharas , Grama Vasile , Safarov Bahodir 
Published: April 2022

Natural antimicrobials can eliminate fungi and prevent the aging of cotton fabrics. While fungi can cause severe infections to the fabric user etc, natural antimicrobials have the advantage of not being toxic to humans. The present study showed that the essential oils of lemon (Citrus limon), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and mint (Mentha piperita) have inhibitory effects on yeast and mould spores on a piece of textile from Romanian cultural heritage, “ie”, stored in a space within an ethnographic museum., inhibitory action against Botrytis sp., the inhibitory effect of lemon essential oil on Cladosporium sp. and that of peppermint essential oil on yeast species Rhododtorula mucilaginosa were demonstrated, respectively. Being environmentally friendly, these sources, can be tested on a large scale.
Consumption Goals of Attributes Associated with a Product: A Study of Smart Running Shoes for a Group of Consumers in Nottingham, UK
Authors: Turhan Gülden , Kent Anthony 
Published: April 2022

Wearable products with high tech content for any sport activity or exercise could perform to fulfil unmet needs or goals. The research investigated consumption goals and product evaluation with the Goal-Based Model for a study of smart running shoes. Online research was carried out to obtain the attributes of smart running shoes. Face-to-face interviews with voluntary participants were performed to explore desired goals corresponding to each attribute of the product. New participants filled in a survey questionnaire in order to measure their own subjective evaluation of the product as per their own goals. All participants were staying in Nottingham, UK during the survey. Eight different consumption goals were obtained in accordance with the attributes of smart running shoes. Product evaluation was calculated using the probability and importance of goals expected from the consumption of the product.
Geometrical Model to Determine Sewing Thread Consumption for Stitch Class 406
Authors: Rehman Ateeq ur , Rasheed Abher , Javed Zafar , Naeem M. Salman , Ramzan Muhammad Babar , Karahan Mehmet 
Published: April 2022

This study aimed at developing a geometrical model for predicting the sewing thread consumption of stitch class 406. Stitch class 400 is a multi-thread chain stitch which consumes a less amount of thread as compared with stitch class 500 but more thread as compared with stitch class 300. Sewing thread calculation plays a significant role in determining the exact amount of thread for completing a garment and predicting the right quantity of thread for bulk production. The geometrical model developed was used for predicting sewing thread consumption by using different factors like stitch density (8 and 12 SPI), material thickness (2, 4 and 6 layers of fabric), and type of material (denim, knitted and fleece). The model was validated with a total of 18 samples sewn with different kinds of fabric, SPI, and material thickness. It was concluded that the model could predict sewing thread consumption with more than 97.18% accuracy.
Intelligent Prediction Model of the Thermal and Moisture Comfort of the Skin-Tight Garment
Authors: Cheng Pengpeng , Wang Jianping , Zeng Xianyi , Bruniaux Pascal , Chen Daoling 
Published: April 2022

In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of predicting the thermal and moisture comfort of skin-tight clothing (also called skin-tight underwear), principal component analysis(PCA) is used to reduce the dimensions of related variables and eliminate the multicollinearity relationship among variables. Then, the optimized variables are used as the input parameters of the coupled intelligent model of the genetic algorithm (GA) and back propagation (BP) neural network, and the thermal and moisture comfort of different tights (tight tops and tight trousers) under different sports conditions is analysed. At the same time, in order to verify the superiority of the genetic algorithm and BP neural network intelligent model, the prediction results of GA-BP, PCA-BP and BP are compared with this model. The results show that principal component analysis (PCA) improves the accuracy and adaptability of the GA-BP neural network in predicting thermal and humidity comfort. The forecasting effect of the PCA-GA-BP neural network is obviously better than that of the GA-BP, PCA-BP, BP model, which can accurately predict the thermal and moisture comfort of tight-fitting sportswear. The model has better forecasting accuracy and a simpler structure.
Determination of exercise intensity domains during upright versus supine cycling: a methodological study
Authors: Zubac Damir , Ivančev Vladimir , Martin Vincent , Dello Iacono Antonio , Meulenberg Cécil J.W. , McDonnell Adam C. 
Published: April 2022

Background
There is a growing interest among the research community and clinical practitioners to investigate cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) procedures and protocols utilized in supine cycling.

Materials and Methods
The current study investigated the effects of posture on indicators of exercise intensity including gas exchange threshold (GET), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and the rate of peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2 peak), as well as the role of V̇O2 mean response time (MRT) in determining exercise intensity domains in nineteen healthy men (age: 22 ± 3 years). Two moderate-intensity step-transitions from 20 to 100 Watt (W) were completed, followed by a maximal CPET. After completing the ramp test, participants performed a constant-load at 90% of their attained peak power output (PPO).

Results
No differences were observed in the V̇O2 MRT between the two positions, although the phase II-time constant (τV̇O2p) was 7 s slower in supine position compared to upright (p = 0.001). The rate of O2 uptake in the supine position at GET and RCP were lower compared to the upright position (208 ± 200 mL·min−1 (p = 0.007) and 265 ± 235 mL·min−1 (p = 0.012) respectively). Besides, V̇O2 peak was significantly decreased (by 6%, p = 0.002) during supine position. These findings were confirmed by the wide limits of agreement between the measures of V̇O2 in different postures (V̇O2 peak: −341 to 859; constant-load test: −528 to 783; GET: −375 to 789; RCP: −520 to 1021 all in mL·min−1).

Conclusion
Since an accurate identification of an appropriate power output (PO) from a single-visit CPET remains a matter of debate, especially for supine cycling, we propose that moderate-intensity step-transitions preceding a ramp CPET could be a viable addition to ensure appropriate exercise-intensity domain determination, in particular upon GET-based prescription.
Rhizaria
Authors: Biard Tristan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Rhizaria are a diverse group of amoeboid protists characterised by the presence of pseudopodia, cytoplasmic extensions used for locomotion and/or predation. Pseudopodial morphology includes broad and fan‐shaped anterior extensions, finger‐like tubular extensions or a web‐like network. Some Rhizaria build complex tests using inorganic/organic material or a variety of minerals (e.g. opaline, calcium carbonate). The shape of the pseudopodia, and the morphology of the enclosing test or skeleton, when present, are major defining taxonomic characteristics. They are distributed worldwide from surface to deep waters, but also in freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, Rhizaria are important marine and terrestrial protists at the base of food webs and thus provide a major link in the transfer of energy to higher‐order consumers. While most are capable of preying on diverse organisms (from inorganic marine snow to bacteria and metazoans), others are obligatory parasites (of land plants or marine invertebrates), and only a few contribute to primary production via photosymbiosis (e.g. Radiolaria) or acquired phototrophy (e.g. Chlorarachnea).

Key Concepts

The shape and organisation of pseudopodia were among major characteristics used to classify members of the Rhizaria. However, pseudopodial shape is not a conserved feature; and additional evidence, including the fine structure and molecular genetic data, is needed to create a natural classification scheme.

The diversity of Rhizaria is broad, including a wide range in size from small naked amoebae (several microns) to giant single cells (up to several centimetres or larger for Xenophyophores).

A vast majority of Rhizaria are heterotrophs, feeding on a large diversity of prey, but two groups (Chlorarachnea and
Paulinella
) include photosynthetic species.

Many of the Rhizaria are free‐living, forming important links in food chains, but others are parasites of algae, aquatic or terrestrial plants, or even marine invertebrates.

Some marine Rhizaria (e.g. Radiolaria or Foraminifera) are mixotrophs, hosting a diversity of algal photosymbionts (e.g. green algae, dinoflagellates, etc.).

Some testate Rhizaria, bearing mineralised skeletons, settle into aquatic sediments upon death and contribute to the palaeontological record of life and the environment over vast geological time periods.
Tough, Strong, and Conductive Graphene Fibers by Optimizing Surface Chemistry of Graphene Oxide Precursor
Authors: Tang Pingping , Deng Zhiming , Zhang Yu , Liu Liu‐Xin , Wang Zhenguo , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Zhang Hao‐Bin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGraphene fibers with integrated mechanical and multifunctional properties are highly required for various potential applications. However, it remains a challenge to efficiently produce high‐performance graphene fibers because of the imperfect structures and harsh graphitization conditions. Herein, a scalable additive‐free wet‐spinning methodology is demonstrated for producing strong, tough, and conductive pristine graphene fibers by optimizing the surface chemistry of graphene oxide (GO) sheets and controlling their spinning and assembly behavior. Benefiting from GO with fewer surface terminations and low structural defects (f‐GO), the pristine f‐GO fibers possess a compact and ordered microstructure and strong interlayer interactions, giving a record high tensile strength of 791.7 MPa and high toughness of 24.0 MJ m−3 due to the stretching‐induced toughening behavior. After the mild chemical reduction, reduced f‐GO fibers inherit the optimized microstructure and present an outstanding tensile strength of 875.9 MPa and high toughness of 13.3 MJ m−3. Furthermore, the repairable structural defects on the f‐GO sheets allow the instant restoration of intrinsic conjugated structures, affording a superb electrical conductivity of 1.06 × 105 S m−1. Therefore, this study provides a facile, efficient, and scalable methodology for the fabrication of high‐performance and multifunctional graphene fibers and flexible wearable devices.
Molecular Stacking Composite Nanoparticles of Gossypolone and Thermodynamic Agent for Elimination of Large Tumor in Mice via Electrothermal‐Thermodynamic‐Chemo Trimodal Combination Therapy
Authors: Liu Yiming , Tang Peng , Xiao Peng , Luo Siyuan , Zhang Shuangxi , Zhang Hui , Yang Yuexuan , Wu Daocheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTo further improve the comprehensive therapeutic effect for large tumors, tumor cell membrane‐camouflaged molecular stacking composite nanoparticles (APGn@Mem NPs) are prepared by molecular stacking of chemotherapeutic drug gossypolone (Gn), thermodynamic agent (2,2'‐azobis[2‐(2‐imidazolin‐2‐yl) propane] dihydrochloride (AIPH)), polyvinyl alcohol, and phase change material lauric acid, which show a clear core–shell structure with a size of 65 ± 9.8 nm, high drug loading, low toxicity, homologous targeting, and thermal‐responsive release property. A type of micro‐electrothermal needle (MEN) with precise temperature control in situ (temperature range: mean value T ± 7 °C) is designed as the assistant heating system for APGn@Mem NPs. Subsequently, an elaborate tumor combination therapy strategy of electrothermal‐thermodynamic‐chemo trimodal combination therapy is developed through APGn@Mem NPs combined with the temperature control of MEN. Under MEN heating in situ, AIPH is rapidly released and generates abundant free radicals for short‐term electrothermal and thermodynamic therapy, while the release of Gn is relatively slow for long‐term chemotherapy. For large tumors (≈300 mm3) of nude mice, such combination therapy achieves remarkable comprehensive therapeutic efficacy with the 16‐day tumor inhibition rate of 99.89% and the 60‐day tumor recurrence rate of 20%, indicating this combination therapy has the prominent advantage and potential application in future.
Rigidity‐Tuned Full‐Color Emission: Uncommon Luminescence Change from Polymer Free‐Volume Variations
Authors: Feng Shiyu , Zhu Lijuan , Wang Donghui , Li Cong , Chen Yuanyuan , Chen Xiaowei , Liu Jie , Huang Wei , Ling Yao , Huang Weiguo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProbing the rigidity change of microenvironments via tracking embedded molecular fluorophore emissions represents a robust approach to monitor various polymer microstructural evolutions and biomolecular events with a high spatiotemporal resolution. However, reported fluorophores exclusively blueshift their emissions (termed as “rigidochromism”) or merely alter intensities upon rigidification, suffering from inferior sensitivities, low‐contrast outputs, and attenuated biocompatibilities. Here, phenanthridine‐fused triazatruxene fluorophores (PTFs) with pronounced bathochromic emission (up to 135 nm) toward rigidifying media at a low loading of 5 ppm without sacrificing the quantum yields and lifetime are developed. PTFs effectively interact with polymeric matrixes through polar–π interactions and form charge‐transfer complexes, resulting to a remarkable fluorescent color change from blue to red‐orange over matrix rigidifying. Such a unique anti‐rigidochromism enables a highly sensitive rigidity detection (i.e., a subtle polymer molecular‐weight change (as low as 1000 Da vs up to 10 kDa for conventional probes) can result to obvious emission color changes). PTFs are able to noninvasively detect polymerization kinetics and in situ optically report polymer degradations. The broadly (nearly full‐spectrum) tunable emission and the efficient coupling between anti‐rigidochromism and polymer hierarchical structures/topologies render fluorescence with controlled wavelength and chirality, leading to an unprecedented free‐volume‐based data encryption and anti‐counterfeiting technology with a superhigh security level.
All‐in‐One Structured Lithium‐Metal Battery
Authors: Dong Lei , Zhang Chang , Liu Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract3D batteries possess apparent advantage in electrochemical ion‐transport kinetics than the conventional‐structured batteries. However, due to the special electrode configuration and fabrication complexity, 3D battery design has inherent issue of mechanical stability and only succeeds in microsystems, far from ideal. Herein, a high‐stable, all‐in‐one structured 3D lithium‐metal battery is designed which consists of paralleled microcell arrays. Fast ion‐transport kinetics in full cell level can not only address the key issue of lithium dendrites in anode but also improve electrochemical performance of cathode. As a result, the resultant lithium metal anode acquires long‐term stability of 1000‐cycle life at a high current density of 10 mA cm−2. Also the all‐in‐one structured lithium metal battery has general applicability for various cathodic materials and delivers significantly improved rate and cycling performance, as well as high areal capacity up to 10.4 mAh cm−2.