bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D supersymmetric nonlinear multiple D0-brane action and 4D counterpart of multiple M-wave system
Authors: Bandos Igor , Sarraga Unai D. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Found is the complete nonlinear action of multiple D0-brane system (mD0) in three dimensional type II superspace which is invariant under rigid D = 3 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 spacetime supersymmetry and under local worldline supersymmetry generalizing the κ-symmetry of single D0-brane action. We show that a particular representative of this family of actions can be obtained by dimensional reduction of the action of D = 4 non-Abelian multiwaves (nAmW), the D = 4 counterpart of 11D multiple M-wave (mM0) action, that we have also constructed in this paper. This reduction results in an action with is nonlinear due to the presence of a certain function ℳ(ℋ) of the relative motion Hamiltonian ℋ, the counterpart of which enters the 4D nAmW action linearly. Curiously, the action possesses double supersymmetry also for an arbitrary function ℳ(ℋ). In particular for ℳ = const we find a dynamical system describing the sum of single D0 action and the action of 1d dimensional reduction of the D = 3 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SYM coupled to the worldline supergravity induced by the embedding of the center of energy motion into the D = 3 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superspace.
Hidden conformal symmetry on the black hole photon sphere
Authors: Raffaelli Bernard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe consider a class of static and spherically symmetric black hole geometries endowed with a photon sphere. On the one hand, we show that close to the photon sphere, a massless scalar field theory exhibits a simple dynamical SL(2,ℝ) algebraic structure which allows to recover the discrete spectrum of the weakly damped quasinormal frequencies in the eikonal approximation, and the associated quasinormal modes from the algebra representations. On the other hand, we consider the non-radial motion of a free-falling test particle, in the equatorial plane, from spatial infinity to the black hole. In the ultrarelativistic limit, we show that the photon sphere acts as an effective Rindler horizon for the geodesic motion of the test particle in the (t, r)-plane, with an associated Unruh temperatureTc=ħΛc/2πkB, where Λcis the Lyapunov exponent that characterizes the unstable circular motions of massless particles on the photon sphere. The photon sphere then appears as a location where the thermal bound on chaos for quantum systems with a large number of degrees of freedom, in the form conjectured a few years ago by Maldacena et al., is saturated. The study developed in this paper could hopefully shed a new light on the gravity/CFT correspondence, particularly in asymptotically flat spacetimes, in which the photon sphere may also be considered as a holographic screen.
Asymptotic freedom and safety in quantum gravity
Authors: Sen Saswato , Wetterich Christof , Yamada Masatoshi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We compute non-perturbative flow equations for the couplings of quantum gravity in fourth order of a derivative expansion. The gauge invariant functional flow equation for arbitrary metrics allows us to extract β-functions for all couplings. In our truncation we find two fixed points. One corresponds to asymptotically free higher derivative gravity, the other is an extension of the asymptotically safe fixed point in the Einstein-Hilbert truncation or extensions thereof. The infrared limit of the flow equations entails only unobservably small modifications of Einstein gravity coupled to a scalar field. Quantum gravity can be asymptotically free, based on a flow trajectory from the corresponding ultraviolet fixed point to the infrared region. This flow can also be realized by a scaling solution for varying values of a scalar field. As an alternative possibility, quantum gravity can be realized by asymptotic safety at the other fixed point. There may exist a critical trajectory between the two fixed points, starting in the extreme ultraviolet from asymptotic freedom. We compute critical exponents and determine the number of relevant parameters for the two fixed points. Evaluating the flow equation for constant scalar fields yields the universal gravitational contribution to the effective potential for the scalars.
Phenomenology of jet angularities at the LHC
Authors: Reichelt Daniel , Caletti Simone , Fedkevych Oleh , Marzani Simone , Schumann Steffen , Soyez Gregory 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We compute resummed and matched predictions for jet angularities in hadronic dijet and Z+jet events with and without grooming the candidate jets using the SoftDrop technique. Our theoretical predictions also account for non-perturbative corrections from the underlying event and hadronisation through parton-to-hadron level transfer matrices extracted from dedicated Monte Carlo simulations with Sherpa. Thanks to this approach we can account for non-perturbative migration effects in both the angularities and the jet transverse momentum. We compare our predictions against recent measurements from the CMS experiment. This allows us to test the description of quark- and gluon-jet enriched phase-space regions separately. We supplement our study with Sherpa results based on the matching of NLO QCD matrix elements with the parton shower. Both theoretical predictions offer a good description of the data, within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The latter are however sizeable, motivating higher-accuracy calculations.
Road map through the desert with scalars
Authors: Olivas Ubaldo Cavazos , Kowalska Kamila , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the context of the gauge coupling unification, we present a comprehensive analysis of the extensions of the Standard Model with vector-like fermions and scalars. We find 145 models that satisfy the unification condition, which are distinguishable by the number of new particles in the spectrum and by their transformation properties under the gauge symmetry group of the Standard Model. For all models we derive lower bounds on the exotic fermion and scalar masses, stemming from the measurement of the strong gauge coupling scale dependence, from the heavy stable charged particle searches, and from the electroweak precision tests. We also discuss the potential of testing the unification scenarios at the future 100 TeV collider and in the proton decay experiments. We show that many models can already be excluded based on the current data, while many others will be entirely probed in the coming years.
Holographic evolution with dynamical boundary gravity
Authors: Ecker Christian , van der Schee Wilke , Mateos David , Casalderrey-Solana Jorge 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Holography has provided valuable insights into the time evolution of strongly coupled gauge theories in a fixed spacetime. However, this framework is insufficient if this spacetime is dynamical. We present a scheme to evolve a four-dimensional, strongly interacting gauge theory coupled to four-dimensional dynamical gravity in the semiclassical regime. As in previous work, we use holography to evolve the quantum gauge theory stress tensor, whereas the four-dimensional metric evolves according to Einstein’s equations coupled to the expectation value of the stress tensor. The novelty of our approach is that both the boundary and the bulk spacetimes are constructed dynamically, one time step at a time. We focus on Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker geometries and evolve far-from-equilibrium initial states that lead to asymptotically expanding, flat or collapsing Universes.
Time-Space Fractional Diffusion Problems: Existence, Decay Estimates and Blow-Up of Solutions
Authors: Shen Ruixin , Xiang Mingqi , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the following time-space fractional diffusion problem $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \displaystyle \partial _t^\beta u+(-\Delta )^\alpha u+(-\Delta )^\alpha \partial _t^\beta u=\lambda f(x,u) +g(x,t) &{}\text{ in } \Omega \times {\mathbb {R}}^{+},\\ u(x,t)=0\ \ &{}\text{ in } ({\mathbb {R}}^N{\setminus }\Omega )\times {\mathbb {R}}^+,\\ u(x,0)=u_0(x)\ &{}\text{ in } \Omega ,\\ \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

∂
t
β

u
+

(
-
Δ
)

α

u
+

(
-
Δ
)

α

∂
t
β

u
=
λ
f

(
x
,
u
)

+
g

(
x
,
t
)

in

Ω
×

R

+

,

u
(
x
,
t
)
=
0

in

(

R

N

\
Ω
)

×

R

+

,

u

(
x
,
0
)

=

u
0

(
x
)

in

Ω
,

where $$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^N$$

Ω
⊂

R

N

is a bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary, $$(-\Delta )^{\alpha }$$

(
-
Δ
)

α

is the fractional Laplace operator with $$0<\alpha <1$$

0
<
α
<
1

, $$\partial _t^{\beta }$$

∂
t
β

is the Riemann-Liouville time fractional derivative with $$0<\beta <1$$

0
<
β
<
1

, $$\lambda $$
λ
is a positive parameter, $$f:\Omega \times {\mathbb {R}}\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

f
:
Ω
×
R
→
R

is a continuous function, and $$g\in L^2(0,\infty ;L^2(\Omega ))$$

g
∈

L
2

(
0
,
∞
;

L
2

(
Ω
)

)

. Under natural assumptions, the global and local existence of solutions are obtained by applying the Galerkin method. Then, by virtue of a differential inequality technique, we give a decay estimate of solutions. Moreover, the blow-up property of solutions is also investigated.
Procedure providing SI-traceable results for the calibration of protein standards by sulfur determination and its application on tau
Authors: Lemke Nora , El-Khatib Ahmed H. , Tchipilov Teodor , Jakubowski Norbert , Weller Michael G. , Vogl Jochen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuantitative proteomics is a growing research area and one of the most important tools in the life sciences. Well-characterized and quantified protein standards are needed to achieve accurate and reliable results. However, only a limited number of sufficiently characterized protein standards are currently available. To fill this gap, a method for traceable protein quantification using sulfur isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed in this study. Gel filtration and membrane filtration were tested for the separation of non-protein-bound sulfur in the protein solution. Membrane filtration demonstrated a better performance due to the lower workload and the very low sulfur blanks of 11 ng, making it well suited for high-purity proteins such as NIST SRM 927, a bovine serum albumin (BSA). The method development was accomplished with NIST SRM 927e and a commercial avidin. The quantified mass fraction of NIST SRM 927e agreed very well with the certified value and showed similar uncertainties (3.6%) as established methods while requiring less sample preparation and no species-specific standards. Finally, the developed procedure was applied to the tau protein, which is a biomarker for a group of neurodegenerative diseases denoted “tauopathies” including, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. For the absolute quantification of tau in the brain of transgenic mice overexpressing human tau, a well-defined calibration standard was needed. Therefore, a pure tau solution was quantified, yielding a protein mass fraction of (0.328 ± 0.036) g/kg, which was confirmed by amino acid analysis.
Graphical abstract
Healthy Spouses can be Considered as Living Liver Donors
Authors: Lee Okjoo , Kim Jong Man , Kim Sang Jin , Rhu Jinsoo , Choi Gyu‐Seong , Joh Jae‐Won 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpousal donors have gradually been accepted as an alternative living liver donors to alleviate the organ shortage and prevent donations from children. No information is available regarding the effects of spousal donation on donor safety and recipient outcomes. Our purpose in this study was to determine how spousal liver grafts in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) affect donor safety and recipient outcomes compared with those of LDLT from children.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 656 patients, including spouses and children, who underwent a right or extended right hepatectomy for living liver donation between January 2009 and December 2018.ResultsSpouses represented 18.8% (n = 123) of living liver donors. Female donors comprised 78.9% (n = 97) of spousal donors, and the proportion of male donors in the children group was 72.6% (n = 387). The mean donor operation time of the spousal group was shorter than that of the children group (330 min vs. 358 min; P = 0.011), and the complication rate in the spousal group was lower than that in the children group (12.2% vs. 22.9%; P = 0.006). However, there were no differences in severe complication rates, hospitalization, or liver function tests between the 2 groups at 3 months after donor surgery. The overall survival of recipients in the spousal group was not reduced compared to that of recipients in the children group.ConclusionThe present study suggests that, with careful selection, spousal donation is feasible and safe in LDLT.
Empirically derived thermal thresholds of four coral species along the Red Sea using a portable and standardized experimental approach
Authors: Evensen Nicolas R. , Voolstra Christian R. , Fine Maoz , Perna Gabriela , Buitrago-López Carol , Cárdenas Anny , Banc-Prandi Guilhem , Rowe Katherine , Barshis Daniel J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlobal warming is causing an unprecedented loss of species and habitats worldwide. This is particularly apparent for tropical coral reefs, with an increasing number of reefs experiencing mass bleaching and mortality on an annual basis. As such, there is a growing need for a standardized experimental approach to rapidly assess the thermal limits of corals and predict the survival of coral species across reefs and regions. Using a portable experimental system, the Coral Bleaching Automated Stress System (CBASS), we conducted standardized 18 h acute thermal stress assays to quantitively determine the upper thermal limits of four coral species across the length of the Red Sea coastline, from the Gulf of Aqaba (GoA) to Djibouti (~ 2100 km). We measured dark-acclimated photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), algal symbiont density, chlorophyll a, and visual bleaching intensity following heat stress. Fv/Fm was the most precise response variable assessed, advancing the Fv/Fm effective dose 50 (ED50, i.e., the temperature at which 50% of the initial Fv/Fm is measured) as an empirically derived proxy for thermal tolerance. ED50 thermal thresholds from the central/southern Red Sea and Djibouti populations were consistently higher for Acropora hemprichii, Pocillopora verrucosa, and Stylophora pistillata (0.1–1.8 °C above GoA corals, respectively), in line with prevailing warmer maximum monthly means (MMMs), though were lower than GoA corals relative to site MMMs (1.5–3.0 °C). P. verrucosa had the lowest thresholds overall. Despite coming from the hottest site, thresholds were lowest for Porites lobata in the southern Red Sea, suggesting long-term physiological damage or ongoing recovery from a severe, prior bleaching event. Altogether, the CBASS resolved historical, taxonomic, and possibly recent environmental drivers of variation in coral thermal thresholds, highlighting the potential for a standardized, short-term thermal assay as a universal approach for assessing ecological and evolutionary variation in the upper thermal limits of corals.
Linking titanite U–Pb dates to coupled deformation and dissolution–reprecipitation
Authors: Moser Amy C. , Hacker Bradley R. , Gehrels George E. , Seward Gareth G. E. , Kylander-Clark Andrew R. C. , Garber Joshua M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTitanite U–Pb geochronology is a promising tool to date high-temperature tectonic processes, but the extent to and mechanisms by which recrystallization resets titanite U–Pb dates are poorly understood. This study combines titanite U–Pb dates, trace elements, zoning, and microstructures to directly date deformation and fluid-driven recrystallization along the Coast shear zone (BC, Canada). Twenty titanite grains from a deformed calc-silicate gneiss yield U–Pb dates that range from ~ 75 to 50 Ma. Dates between ~ 75 and 60 Ma represent metamorphic crystallization or inherited detrital cores, whereas ~ 60 and 50 Ma dates reflect localized, grain-scale processes that variably recrystallized the titanite. All the analyzed titanite grains show evidence of fluid-mediated dissolution–reprecipitation, particularly at grain rims, but lack evidence of thermally mediated volume diffusion at a metamorphic temperature of > 700 °C. The younger U–Pb dates are predominantly found in bent portions of grains or fluid-recrystallized rims. These features likely formed during ductile slip and associated fluid flow along the Coast shear zone, although it is unclear whether the dates represent 10 Myr of continuous recrystallization or incomplete resetting of the titanite U–Pb system during a punctuated metamorphic event. Correlations between dates and trace-element concentrations vary, indicating that the effects of dissolution–reprecipitation decoupled U–Pb dates from trace-element concentrations in some grains. These results demonstrate that U–Pb dates from bent titanite lattices and titanite subgrains may directly date crystal-plastic deformation, suggesting that deformation microstructures enhance fluid-mediated recrystallization, and emphasize the complexity of fluid and deformation processes within and among individual grains.
Application of a fuzzy verification framework for the evaluation of a regional-scale landslide early warning system during the January 2020 Gloria storm in Catalonia (NE Spain)
Authors: Palau Rosa M. , Berenguer Marc , Hürlimann Marcel , Sempere-Torres Daniel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Gloria storm rainfalls affected Catalonia from 20 to 23 January 2020 and triggered multiple landslides, some of which affected buildings and infrastructures (such as roads and railways). This paper presents the rainfall and landslide datasets collected during the event, and evaluates the performance of a regional landslide early warning system (LEWS) during the Gloria storm applying a fuzzy verification method. The majority of the inventoried landslides can be classified as slides, involving a limited volume of sediment (up to 10 m3), and were triggered in cut slopes along linear infrastructures. Rainfall accumulations were significant in the whole region, especially in the Montseny area, where over 450 mm were registered in 96 h. Generally, the LEWS computed moderate and high warnings in the areas where large rainfall amounts were recorded, and showed good correspondence with the locations where landslides were reported. The fuzzy verification method has been applied using neighbouring windows of different sizes to obtain scale-dependant information on the LEWS performance. The skill of the LEWS considerably improves when enlarging the neighbouring window size from 500 m to 1 km.
Community financing for sustainable food and farming: a proximity perspective
Authors: Behrendt Gerlinde , Peter Sarah , Sterly Simone , Häring Anna Maria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn increasing number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the German organic agri-food sector involves citizens through different community financing models. While such models provide alternative funding sources as well as marketing opportunities to SMEs, they allow private investors to combine their financial and ethical concerns by directly supporting the development of a more sustainable food system. Due to the low level of financial intermediation, community financing is characterized by close relations between investors and investees. Against this background, we apply the proximity concept from economic geography to explore spatial and relational aspects of community financing in the German organic agri-food sector. Based on a qualitative multiple case study approach, we find that the relevance of proximity is twofold. While different forms of proximity between SMEs and their potential investors are key success factors, proximity is also considered as one desired outcome of community financing. Furthermore, our results reveal that the extent to which SMEs rely on particular proximity dimensions distinguishes two different approaches to community financing.
Exploring the journey of Responsible Business Model Innovation in Asian companies: A review and future research agenda
Authors: Magni Domitilla , Palladino Rosa , Papa Armando , Cailleba Patrice 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Responsible Business Model Innovation is increasingly becoming a relevant challenge in academic research and business practice, mainly in the Asian context. Changes in business models are widely acknowledged as a key strategy for achieving long-term innovation. However, little is known about the design journey of Responsible Business Model Innovation. By applying the knowledge-based view and stakeholder theory, this paper introduces the founding pillars of Responsible Business Model Innovation, namely: Corporate Social Responsiveness, Inclusiveness, and Reflective Knowledge Exchange. Based on the analysis of extended bodies of literature published between 2011 and 2021 on business model innovation, sustainability innovation, stakeholder theory and responsible innovation, the article explores the state of the art of business ethics and dynamic capabilities in Asian organizations. Findings show that recent research in the field of sustainability and ethical values are improving the impact on business models, thus encouraging the advent of Responsible Business Model Innovation. This article contributes to the emerging field of responsible innovation and offers novel theoretical and practical implications for academy and practitioners, including a first attempt to develop a road map to be followed to achieve of sustainable and ethical values for business and society at large.
Multi-objective optimisation of polymerase chain reaction continuous flow systems
Authors: Zagklavara Foteini , Jimack Peter K. , Kapur Nikil , Querin Osvaldo M. , Thompson Harvey M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA surrogate-enabled multi-objective optimisation methodology for a continuous flow Polymerase Chain Reaction (CFPCR) systems is presented, which enables the effect of the applied PCR protocol and the channel width in the extension zone on four practical objectives of interest, to be explored. High fidelity, conjugate heat transfer (CHT) simulations are combined with Machine Learning to create accurate surrogate models of DNA amplification efficiency, total residence time, total substrate volume and pressure drop throughout the design space for a practical CFPCR device with sigmoid-shape microfluidic channels. A series of single objective optimisations are carried out which demonstrate that DNA concentration, pressure drop, total residence time and total substrate volume within a single unitcell can be improved by up to$$\sim$$∼5.7%,$$\sim$$∼80.5%,$$\sim$$∼17.8% and$$\sim$$∼43.2% respectively, for the practical cases considered. The methodology is then extended to a multi-objective problem, where a scientifically-rigorous procedure is needed to allow designers to strike appropriate compromises between the competing objectives. A series of multi-objective optimisation results are presented in the form of a Pareto surface, which show for example how manufacturing and operating cost reductions from device miniaturisation and reduced power consumption can be achieved with minimal impact on DNA amplification efficiency. DNA amplification has been found to be strongly related to the residence time in the extension zone, but not related to the residence times in denaturation and annealing zones.