bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and characteristics of hazardous and harmful drinkers receiving general practitioners’ brief advice on and support with alcohol consumption in Germany: results of a population survey
Authors: Kastaun Sabrina , Garnett Claire , Wilm Stefan , Kotz Daniel 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveThe German treatment guideline on alcohol-related disorders recommends that general practitioners (GPs) offer brief advice on, and support with, reducing alcohol consumption to hazardous (at risk for health events) and harmful (exhibit health events) drinking patients. We aimed to estimate the implementation of this recommendation using general population data.DesignCross-sectional analysis of data (2021/2022) of a nationwide, population-based household survey.SettingGermany.ParticipantsPopulation-based sample of 2247 adult respondents who reported hazardous or harmful drinking according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C; score women: 4–12 and men: 5–12).Main outcome measureEver receipt of ‘brief GP advice on, or support with, reducing alcohol consumption’. Differences in the likelihood of ever receiving advice and/or support (yes/no) relative to respondents’ sociodemographic, smoking and alcohol consumption characteristics were estimated using logistic regressions.ResultsEver receipt of GP advice on/support with reducing drinking was reported among 6.3% (95% CI=5.3% to 7.4%), and the offer of support among 1.5% (95% CI=1.1% to 2.1%) of the hazardous and harmful drinking respondents. The likelihood of having ever received advice/support was positively associated with being older (OR=1.03 per year, 95% CI=1.01 to 1.04), a current or former (vs never) smoker (OR=2.36, 95% CI=1.46 to 3.80; OR=2.17, 95% CI=1.23 to 3.81) and with increasing alcohol consumption (OR=1.76 per score, 95% CI=1.59 to 1.95). One in two harmful drinking respondents (AUDIT-C score 10–12) reported appropriate advice/support. The likelihood was negatively associated with being woman (eg, OR=0.32, 95% CI=0.21 to 0.48), having a medium or high (vs low) education and with increasing household income.ConclusionsA small proportion of hazardous and harmful drinking people in Germany report having ever received GP advice on, or support with, reducing alcohol consumption. The implementation of advice/support seems to be linked to specific socio-demographic characteristics, tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption level. Health policy measures should aim to increase alcohol screening, brief intervention rates and awareness for at-risk populations in primary care.Trial registration numberDRKS00011322, DRKS00017157.
White rice, brown rice and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Jiayue , Balaji Bhavadharini , Tinajero Maria , Jarvis Sarah , Khan Tauseef , Vasudevan Sudha , Ranawana Viren , Poobalan Amudha , Bhupathiraju Shilpa , Sun Qi , Willett Walter , Hu Frank B , Jenkins David J A , Mohan Viswanathan , Malik Vasanti S 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveIntake of white rice has been associated with elevated risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D), while studies on brown rice are conflicting. To inform dietary guidance, we synthesised the evidence on white rice and brown rice with T2D risk.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched through November 2021.Eligibility criteriaProspective cohort studies of white and brown rice intake on T2D risk (≥1 year), and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing brown rice with white rice on cardiometabolic risk factors (≥2 weeks).Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted by the primary reviewer and two additional reviewers. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models and reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for prospective cohort studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for RCTs. Strength of the meta-evidence was assessed using NutriGrade.ResultsNineteen articles were included: 8 cohort studies providing 18 estimates (white rice: 15 estimates, 25 956 cases, n=5 77 426; brown rice: 3 estimates, 10 507 cases, n=1 97 228) and 11 RCTs (n=1034). In cohort studies, white rice was associated with higher risk of T2D (pooled RR, 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.32) comparing extreme categories. At intakes above ~300 g/day, a dose–response was observed (each 158 g/day serving was associated with 13% (11%–15%) higher risk of T2D). Intake of brown rice was associated with lower risk of T2D (pooled RR, 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.97) comparing extreme categories. Each 50 g/day serving of brown rice was associated with 13% (6%–20%) lower risk of T2D. Cohort studies were considered to be of good or fair quality. RCTs showed an increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (0.06 mmol/L; 0.00 to 0.11 mmol/L) in the brown compared with white rice group. No other significant differences in risk factors were observed. The majority of RCTs were found to have some concern for risk of bias. Overall strength of the meta-evidence was moderate for cohort studies and moderate and low for RCTs.ConclusionIntake of white rice was associated with higher risk of T2D, while intake of brown rice was associated with lower risk. Findings from substitution trials on cardiometabolic risk factors were inconsistent.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020158466.
The Prognostic Value of Serum Apolipoprotein A-I Level and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis
Authors: Fang Chongkai , Huang Yue , Chen Chuyao , Nie Duorui , Lin Jietao , Xiao Zhiwei , Li Saimei , Liu Silin , Luo Rui , Lin Hongtong , Zhong Chong , Huang Xuewu , Shao Cui 
Published: September 2022

Background. Colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) is a high degree of malignancy with rapid disease progression and has a poor prognosis. Both serum apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) play key roles in anti-inflammation and antitumor. This study is aimed at evaluating the implication of serum ApoA-I level in combination with NLR in the prognosis of CRLM. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the serum ApoA-I level and NLR in 237 patients with CRLM. Cox regression analyses were used to identify the independent prognostic significance of these indicators. Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were applied to compute overall survival (OS). Both the ApoA-I and NLR were divided into three levels, according to their medians. A risk-stratified prediction model was established to evaluate the prognosis of patients with CRLM. The ROC curve AUC values were applied to evaluate the capability of the model. Results. Higher levels of ApoA-I and lower NLR were strongly associated with prolonged OS (Log-rank test,

P
<
0.05

). The patients were then grouped into three queues according to the ApoA-I level and NLR. There was a crucial diversity in the OS (

P
<
0.001

) between the high-risk (

ApoA
−
I
≤
1.03

g/L and

NLR
>
3.24

), medium-risk (

ApoA
−
I
>
1.03

g/L or

NLR
≤
3.24

) and low-risk groups (

ApoA
−
I
>
1.03

g/L and

NLR
≤
3.24

). The AUC value of the prediction model (

AUC
=
0.623

, 95% CI: 0.557-0.639,

P
=
0.001

) was higher than other individual indicators (including ApoA-I, NLR, cT classification, and cN classification). Additionally, the association of the prediction model and cTN classification (

AUC
=
0.715

, 95% CI: 0.606-0.708,

P
<
0.001

) was better than the model and cTN classification alone. Conclusion. The combination of ApoA-I level and NLR could be a prognostic indicator for CRLM.
Left Bundle Branch Pacing Postatrioventricular Junction Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Propensity Score Matching With His Bundle Pacing
Authors: Cai Mengxing , Wu Shengjie , Wang Songjie , Zheng Rujie , Jiang Limeng , Lian Liyou , He Yanlei , Zhu Ling , Xu Lei , Ellenbogen Kenneth A. , Whinnett Zachary I. , Su Lan , Huang Weijian 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) has emerged as a promising pacing modality to preserve physiological left ventricular activation; however, prospective data evaluating its long-term safety and efficacy in pacemaker-dependent patients following atrioventricular junction (AVJ) ablation are lacking. This study aimed to examine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of LBBP in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure (HF) after AVJ ablation and compare LBBP with His bundle pacing (HBP) through a propensity score (PS) matching analysis.

Methods:
We prospectively enrolled patients with atrial fibrillation and HF referred for AVJ ablation and LBBP between July 2017 and December 2019. The control group was patients selected from HBP implants performed from 2012 to 2019 using PS matching with a 1:1 ratio.

Results:

A total of 99 patients were enrolled in the study. The LBBP implant success rate was 100%. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved from baseline 30.3±4.9 to 1-year 47.3±14.5 in HF patients with reduced ejection fraction and from baseline 56.3±12.1 to 1-year 62.3±9.1 in HF patients with preserved ejection fraction (both
P
<0.001), and left ventricular ejection fraction in both groups remained stable for up to 3 years of follow-up. A threshold increase >2 V at 0.5 ms occurred in only one patient. Of 176 (81.9%) of 215 patients who received permanent HBP post-AVJ ablation, 86 were matched to the LBBP group by 1:1 PS (propensity score matched His bundle pacing, N=86; propensity score matched left bundle branch pacing, N=86). No significant differences in echocardiographic or clinical outcomes were observed between the 2 groups (
P
>0.05), whereas lower thresholds, greater sensed R-wave amplitudes, and fewer complications were observed in the propensity score matched left bundle branch pacing group (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions:
LBBP is feasible, safe, and effective in patients with atrial fibrillation and HF post-AVJ ablation and has similar clinical benefits, a higher implant success rate, better pacing parameters, and fewer complications compared with HBP.
All-cause and cause-specific mortality rates for Kisumu County: a comparison with Kenya, low-and middle-income countries
Authors: Waruiru Wanjiru , Oramisi Violet , Sila Alex , Onyango Dickens , Waruru Anthony , Mwangome Mary N. , Young Peter W. , Muuo Sheru , Nyagah Lilly M. , Ollongo John , Ngugi Catherine , Rutherford George W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Understanding the magnitude and causes of mortality at national and sub-national levels for countries is critical in facilitating evidence-based prioritization of public health response. We provide comparable cause of death data from Kisumu County, a high HIV and malaria-endemic county in Kenya, and compared them with Kenya and low-and-middle income countries (LMICs).

Methods
We analyzed data from a mortuary-based study at two of the largest hospital mortuaries in Kisumu. Mortality data through 2019 for Kenya and all LMICs were downloaded from the Global Health Data Exchange. We provided age-standardized rates for comparisons of all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates, and distribution of deaths by demographics and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) classifications.

Results
The all-cause age-standardized mortality rate (SMR) was significantly higher in Kisumu compared to Kenya and LMICs (1118 vs. 659 vs. 547 per 100,000 population, respectively). Among women, the all-cause SMR in Kisumu was almost twice that of Kenya and double the LMICs rate (1150 vs. 606 vs. 518 per 100,000 population respectively). Among men, the all-cause SMR in Kisumu was approximately one and a half times higher than in Kenya and nearly double that of LMICs (1089 vs. 713 vs. 574 per 100,000 population). In Kisumu and LMICs non-communicable diseases accounted for most (48.0 and 58.1% respectively) deaths, while in Kenya infectious diseases accounted for the majority (49.9%) of deaths. From age 10, mortality rates increased with age across all geographies. The age-specific mortality rate among those under 1 in Kisumu was nearly twice that of Kenya and LMICs (6058 vs. 3157 and 3485 per 100,000 population, respectively). Mortality from injuries among men was at least one and half times that of women in all geographies.

Conclusion
There is a notable difference in the patterns of mortality rates across the three geographical areas. The double burden of mortality from GBD Group I and Group II diseases with high infant mortality in Kisumu can guide prioritization of public health interventions in the county. This study demonstrates the importance of establishing reliable vital registry systems at sub-national levels as the mortality dynamics and trends are not homogeneous.
A coarse-to-fine cascade deep learning neural network for segmenting cerebral aneurysms in time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Chen Meng , Geng Chen , Wang Dongdong , Zhou Zhiyong , Di Ruoyu , Li Fengmei , Piao Sirong , Zhang Jiajun , Li Yuxin , Dai Yakang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Accurate segmentation of unruptured cerebral aneurysms (UCAs) is essential to treatment planning and rupture risk assessment. Currently, three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D TOF-MRA) has been the most commonly used method for screening aneurysms due to its noninvasiveness. The methods based on deep learning technologies can assist radiologists in achieving accurate and reliable analysis of the size and shape of aneurysms, which may be helpful in rupture risk prediction models. However, the existing methods did not accomplish accurate segmentation of cerebral aneurysms in 3D TOF-MRA.

Methods
This paper proposed a CCDU-Net for segmenting UCAs of 3D TOF-MRA images. The CCDU-Net was a cascade of a convolutional neural network for coarse segmentation and the proposed DU-Net for fine segmentation. Especially, the dual-channel inputs of DU-Net were composed of the vessel image and its contour image which can augment the vascular morphological information. Furthermore, a newly designed weighted loss function was used in the training process of DU-Net to promote the segmentation performance.

Results
A total of 270 patients with UCAs were enrolled in this study. The images were divided into the training (N = 174), validation (N = 43), and testing (N = 53) cohorts. The CCDU-Net achieved a dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.616 ± 0.167, Hausdorff distance (HD) of 5.686 ± 7.020 mm, and volumetric similarity (VS) of 0.752 ± 0.226 in the testing cohort. Compared with the existing best method, the DSC and VS increased by 18% and 5%, respectively, while the HD decreased by one-tenth.

Conclusions
We proposed a CCDU-Net for segmenting UCAs in 3D TOF-MRA, and the obtained results show that the proposed method outperformed other existing methods.
The association between ROS1 rearrangement and risk of thromboembolic events in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter study in China
Authors: Yi Jiawen , Chen Huang , Li Jie , Jiang Xingran , Xu Yan , Wang Mengzhao , Wang Zheng , Zhai Zhenguo , Ren Yanhong , Zhang Yuhui 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
According to several studies, ROS1 rearrangement is associated with thrombotic risk in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there is no clear understanding of the predictors and prognostic impact of thromboembolic events (TEEs) in patients with advanced ROS1 rearrangement NSCLC.

Methods
A total of 47 newly diagnosed advanced NSCLC patients with ROS1 rearrangement from four Chinese hospitals were retrospectively included and were evaluated for TEEs incidence, characteristics, predictors, as well as response to therapies and overall survival (OS).

Results
Of the 47 enrolled patients, 23.4% (n = 11) patients developed TEEs. Among them, 7 of 11 patients (64%) developed pulmonary embolism (PE), and 5 patients (45%) experienced recurrent TEEs. In multivariate analysis, D-dimer was associated with the occurrence of TEEs in ROS1 rearranged NSCLC (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08–1.23, P < 0.001). Median progression-free survival (PFS) after first-line ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy was significantly longer in patients without TEEs than in those developing TEEs (26 months vs. 12 months, P = 0.0383). Furthermore, patients with TEEs had a shorter OS period than those without TEEs (29.8 months vs. not estimable, P = 0.0647).

Conclusion
The results of this multicenter study indicated that advanced NSCLC patients with ROS1 rearrangement were more likely to experience PE and TEEs recurrence. And patients with TEEs tended to have a worse prognosis. Furthermore, an elevated D-dimer level suggested a hypercoagulable state in NSCLC patients with ROS1 rearrangement.
A unified scheme for the benchmarking of upper limb functions in neurological disorders
Authors: Longatelli Valeria , Torricelli Diego , Tornero Jesús , Pedrocchi Alessandra , Molteni Franco , Pons José L. , Gandolla Marta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn neurorehabilitation, we are witnessing a growing awareness of the importance of standardized quantitative assessment of limb functions. Detailed assessments of the sensorimotor deficits following neurological disorders are crucial. So far, this assessment has relied mainly on clinical scales, which showed several drawbacks. Different technologies could provide more objective and repeatable measurements. However, the current literature lacks practical guidelines for this purpose. Nowadays, the integration of available metrics, protocols, and algorithms into one harmonized benchmarking ecosystem for clinical and research practice is necessary.MethodsThis work presents a benchmarking framework for upper limb capacity. The scheme resulted from a multidisciplinary and iterative discussion among several partners with previous experience in benchmarking methodology, robotics, and clinical neurorehabilitation. We merged previous knowledge in benchmarking methodologies for human locomotion and direct clinical and engineering experience in upper limb rehabilitation. The scheme was designed to enable an instrumented evaluation of arm capacity and to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitative interventions with high reproducibility and resolution. It includes four elements: (1) a taxonomy for motor skills and abilities, (2) a list of performance indicators, (3) a list of required sensor modalities, and (4) a set of reproducible experimental protocols.ResultsWe proposed sixmotor primitivesas building blocks of most upper-limb daily-life activities and combined them into a set of functionalmotor skills. We identified the main aspects to be considered during clinical evaluation, and grouped them into tenmotor abilitiescategories.For each ability, we proposed a set ofperformance indicatorsto quantify the proposed ability on a quantitative and high-resolution scale. Finally, we defined the procedures to be followed to perform the benchmarking assessment in a reproducible and reliable way, including the definition of the kinematic models and the target muscles.ConclusionsThis work represents the first unified scheme for the benchmarking of upper limb capacity. To reach a consensus, this scheme should be validated with real experiments across clinical conditions and motor skills. This validation phase is expected to create a shared database of human performance, necessary to have realistic comparisons of treatments and drive the development of new personalized technologies.
Polyclonal evolution of Fanconi anemia to MDS and AML revealed at single cell resolution
Authors: Chang Lixian , Cui Zejia , Shi Deyang , Chu Yajing , Wang Bichen , Wan Yang , Ma Qiuyi , Zhang Ranran , Li Haoyuan , Cheng Xuelian , Cheng Tao , Zhu Xiaofan , Li Cheng , Yuan Weiping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare disease of bone marrow failure. FA patients are prone to develop myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the molecular clonal evolution of the progression from FA to MDS/AML remains elusive.

Methods
Herein, we performed a comprehensive genomic analysis using an FA patient (P1001) sample that transformed to MDS and subsequently AML, together with other three FA patient samples at the MDS stage.

Results
Our finding showed the existence of polyclonal pattern in these cases at MDS stage. The clonal evolution analysis of FA case (P1001) showed the mutations of UBASH3A, SF3B1, RUNX1 and ASXL1 gradually appeared at the later stage of MDS, while the IDH2 alteration become the dominant clone at the leukemia stage. Moreover, single-cell sequencing analyses further demonstrated a polyclonal pattern was present at either MDS or AML stages, whereas IDH2 mutated cell clones appeared only at the leukemia stage.

Conclusions
We thus propose a clonal evolution model from FA to MDS and AML for this patient. The results of our study on the clonal evolution and mutated genes of the progression of FA to AML are conducive to understanding the progression of the disease that still perplexes us.
New insights into municipal biowaste derived products as promoters of seed germination and potential antifungal compounds for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Fragalà Ferdinando , Castello Ivana , Puglisi Ivana , Padoan Elio , Baglieri Andrea , Montoneri Enzo , Vitale Alessandro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Municipal biowaste management may generate a negative impact on the environment; therefore, their biomasses could be valorised as an alternative feedstock to fossils to produce high performance compounds useful for agricultural applications. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential agricultural applications of bioproducts (BPs) obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of the solid anaerobic digestate of municipal biowastes (ADMBW) and of one oxidized (ozonized) product (ADMBW BP OX). Both products were chemically characterized and used for agricultural in vitro assays.

Results
BP preparations were tested for their potential effect as enhancers of seed germination process using five concentrations (1, 10, 100, 1000, and 5000 mg L−1) and three different species: cress (Lepidium sativum), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). At this aim several germination indices were calculated to establish the priming effect of these substances on the selected seeds. Moreover, the potential in vitro antifungal effects of BPs at three concentrations (100, 1000, and 5000 mg L−1) on many dangerous fungal phytopathogens of economically important cultivated crops were evaluated and compared to Benzothiadiazole, one of the most-used plant disease suppressants. Results show that these ADMBW derived BPs exert a seed specie-specific positive effect on germination process, inducing better performances in the several calculated indices at all the concentration tested, except for the ADMBW BP OX 5000 mg L−1, which showed at the highest concentration a strong phytotoxic effect on tomato seeds.

Conclusions
The fungicidal potency of ADMBW BP OX was for the first time clearly demonstrated on multiple targets as Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Monilia sp., Sclerotium rolfsii, and Phytophthora nicotianae, by calculating their relative EC50 and, when it was possible, also EC95 and MIC values. These results are of great impact in the actual historical moment, as from a biowaste as DMBW, which is worldwide constantly produced, may be possible to obtain agrochemicals and fertilizers without the usual feedstocks, which are more and more expensive.

Graphical Abstract