bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cuscuton dynamics on braneworld configurations in the scalar–tensor representation of $$f\left( R,T\right) $$ gravity
Authors: Rosa João Luís , Bazeia D. , Lobão A. S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work we study braneworld configurations in the scalar–tensor representation of the $$f\left( R,T\right) $$

f

R
,
T

gravity theory in the presence of a Cuscuton term in the source field matter Lagrangian. We start by deriving the scalar–tensor representation of the theory and obtaining its respective equations of motion. We then introduce the standard metric for a flat braneworld model with one extra dimension for the general case of a $$f\left( R,T\right) $$

f

R
,
T

theory and study two different models for the source field. Given the complexity of the field equations, these solutions are obtained numerically. In these cases, the Cuscuton term effectively amplifies the effect, by increasing the height of the stability potential barrier and, consequently, the depth of the minimum of the graviton zero-mode on the brane. Finally, we study the particular cases of $$F(R)+T$$

F
(
R
)
+
T

and $$R+G\left( T\right) $$

R
+
G

T

, for which only the scalar fields $$\varphi $$
φ
or $$\psi $$
ψ
are present, respectively, and we prove that the presence of the scalar field $$\varphi $$
φ
is essential in the development of internal structure on the brane.
Källén–Lehmann spectral representation of the scalar SU(2) glueball
Authors: Dudal David , Oliveira Orlando , Roelfs Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe estimation of the Källén–Lehmann spectral density from gauge invariant lattice QCD two point correlation functions is proposed, and explored via an appropriate inversion method. As proof of concept the SU(2) glueball spectrum for the quantum numbers $$J^{PC} = 0^{++}$$

J

PC

=

0

+
+

is investigated for various values of the lattice spacing. The spectral density and the glueball spectrum are estimated using the published data of Yamanaka et al. (Phys Rev D 102(5):054507, 10.1103/PhysRevD.102.054507, arXiv:1910.07756 [hep-lat], 2020). Our estimates for the ground state mass are in good agreement with the traditional approach published therein, which is based on the large time exponential behaviour of the correlation functions. Furthermore, the spectral density also contains hints of excites states in the spectrum.
Active T1 transitions in cellular networks
Authors: Duclut Charlie , Paijmans Joris , Inamdar Mandar M. , Modes Carl D. , Jülicher Frank 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In amorphous solids as in tissues, neighbor exchanges can relax local stresses and allow the material to flow. In this paper, we use an anisotropic vertex model to study T1 rearrangements in polygonal cellular networks. We consider two different physical realizations of the active anisotropic stresses: (i) anisotropic bond tension and (ii) anisotropic cell stress. Interestingly, the two types of active stress lead to patterns of relative orientation of T1 transitions and cell elongation that are different. Our work suggests that these two realizations of anisotropic active stresses can be observed in vivo. We describe and explain these results through the lens of a continuum description of the tissue as an anisotropic active material. We furthermore discuss the energetics of the dynamic tissue and express the energy balance in terms of internal elastic energy, mechanical work, chemical work and heat. This allows us to define active T1 transitions that can perform mechanical work while consuming chemical energy.

Graphic abstract
Impact of Recent Chinese Stock Market Liberalization: History and Literature Review
Authors: Chen Shimin , Ni Serene Xu , Tong Jamie Yixing 
Published: March 2022

Synopsis The research problem In recent decades, the Chinese government has taken several measures to liberalize its stock market to attract foreign investment. In this survey, we described these liberalization measures and reviewed the research on their consequences. Motivation Along with the rapid development of the Chinese stock market, increasing numbers of global investors have shown interest in this market. As a result, we also witness a steady growth in the number of empirical research and review studies published in the international journals. However, no published reviews have focused on stock market liberalization, which is an important perspective requiring further investigation. Our study bridges the gap by making a thorough and in-depth review on issues associated with the stock market liberalization in China. The discussed questions and implications In analyzing this literature, we focused on two dimensions: (1) how liberalization impacts five corporate-level accounting and financial issues—corporate governance, information environment and financial disclosure, earnings quality, value-relevance of accounting information, and auditing, and (2) how liberalization improves the Chinese stock market as a whole and affects asset pricing in this market. Based on the issues explored in the literature, we provide suggestions for future research in our concluding remarks.
Generation and estimation of overpressure from wireline logs using deterministic approaches in western Indonesia's Tertiary sedimentary basins
Authors: Ramdhan Agus M. , O'Connor Stephen 
Published: March 2022

Many basins in Indonesia such as the North Sumatra, South Sumatra and Lower Kutai are highly overpressured. As a result, some wells have experienced drilling problems resulting in termination. In the literature, an empirical relationship such as Eaton has historically often been used to interpret pore pressure. In this paper, we take an alternative approach, one based on deterministic models.
Herein, we use Bowers’ and Dutta's equations to calculate the contributions of loading and unloading to the overall overpressure. Due to the advantages of the density log, the contributions of loading and unloading can be discriminated. By applying these methods, we suggest that in the North Sumatra Basin, unloading is caused by clay diagenesis. In the others, gas generation is significant.

The analysis also reveals that the unloading parameter (
U
) in the North Sumatra and South Sumatra basins is different than that of
U
in the Lower Kutai Basin. This suggests that mudrock in the overpressure zone in the Sumatran basins is more elastic than that in the Lower Kutai Basin, which appears to be more plastic in behaviour.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Geopressure collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/geopressure
Marine Shale Gas Occurrence and Its Influencing Factors: A Case Study from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Northwestern Guizhou, China
Authors: Cao Taotao , Liu Hu , Pan Anyang , Deng Mo , Cao Qinggu , Yu Ye , Huang Yanran , Xiao Zhenghui 
Published: March 2022

Organic-rich shales were found in the Ordovician to Silurian Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in northwestern Guizhou province, China, which has high shale gas content revealed by field measurement. Shale gas occurrence, free gas/sorbed gas ratio, and their influencing factors are crucial for shale gas exploitation strategy. Results indicated that the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales are dominated by type I kerogen, with total organic carbon (TOC) and equivalent vitrinite reflectance (eqvRo) of 0.77%–6.98% and 2.37%–2.53%, respectively. The total porosity and permeability are in the range of 1.23%–8.43% and

3
×

10

−
4

–

2.23
×

10

−
1

mD, respectively. FE-SEM observation and correlation analysis show shale porosity is dominated by organic matter (OM) pores, followed by interparticle (interP) pores related to brittle minerals. CH4, derived from oil cracking, is the main component of shale gas, but its proportion is lower than that in Fuling and Weiyuan areas, probably due to the weak preservation condition. Desorption gas and lost gas determined by in situ desorption test are 0.42–1.54 cm3/g and 1.9–7.14 cm3/g, respectively, and Langmuir volume (

V

L

) from isothermal adsorption experiment is 1.63–4.78 cm3/g. Shale gas content is positively correlated with micropore volume, mesopore volume and TOC content but negatively correlated with macropore volume and clay mineral content, indicating that methane is preferentially stored in micropores (<2 nm) and mesopores (2–50 nm) related to OMs. By comparing actual total gas content with theoretical gas content, shale gas is considered to exist primarily in sorbed state, and the free gas proportion can increase with increased TOC content, due to that OM pores with larger sizes are also main space for free gas. Combined with the two methods, it can result in accurate calculations of shale gas reserves and free/sorbed gas ratio. Based on this understanding, a model of shale gas occurrence was proposed, which can provide a reference for shale gas exploitation in normal pressure areas.
A Preliminary Study on the Equivalence between Standing Back-Extension and Superman Training in Lumbar Multifidus Exercise
Authors: Xu Youyin , Wang Jianguang , Wu Junxian 
Published: March 2022

Objective. To explore the equivalence of an easier and more convenient lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle exercise pattern among standing back-extension, static standing, and superman training. Methods. A total of 26 healthy young volunteers were enrolled, including 14 males and 12 females, aged from 22 to 44 years with an average of

31.77
±
7.06

years. Ultrasonography was used to measure the thickness of the left LM of the transverse process of the L5 vertebra during static standing, static prone decubitus, standing back-extension, and prone superman training. In this study, measurement data were expressed as

Mean
±
SD

and compared using the

t

-test. Results. The left LM thickness of the L5 vertebra was

2.92
±
0.46

cm during static standing and

2.78
±
0.39

cm during static prone decubitus, showing no statistical difference between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). The left LM thickness of the L5 vertebra was

3.16
±
0.51

cm during standing back-extension and

3.33
±
0.41

cm during the prone superman training, indicating no statistical difference between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusions. There is no significant statistical difference in the LM thickness between static standing and static prone decubitus and between standing back-extension and prone superman training, indicating the equivalence of the two methods in LM exercise, providing a simpler and easier way for clinical exercise of lumbodorsal muscles.
Multicancer Early Detection Technologies: A Review Informed by Past Cancer Screening Studies
Authors: Raoof Sana , Lee Richard J. , Jajoo Kunal , Mancias Joseph D. , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Skates Steven J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
More than 75% of cancer-related deaths occur from cancers for which we do not screen. New screening liquid biopsies may help fill these clinical gaps, although evidence of benefit still needs to be assessed. Which lessons can we learn from previous efforts to guide those of the future? Screening trials for ovarian, prostate, pancreatic, and esophageal cancers are revisited to assess the evidence, which has been limited by small effect sizes, short duration of early-stage disease relative to screening frequency, study design, and confounding factors. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) to show mortality reduction have required millions of screening-years, two-decade durations, and been susceptible to external confounding. Future RCTs with late-stage incidence as a surrogate endpoint could substantially reduce these challenges, and clinical studies demonstrating safety and effectiveness of screening in high-risk populations may enable extrapolation to broader average-risk populations. Multicancer early detection tests provide an opportunity to advance these practical study designs. Conditional approvals based on RCTs with surrogate endpoints, contingent upon real world evidence generation and continuation of trials to definitive endpoints, may lower practical barriers to innovation in cancer screening and enable greater progress.
Herniation World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies Scale Improves Prediction of Outcome in Patients With Poor-Grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Raabe Andreas , Beck Jürgen , Goldberg Johannes , Z´Graggen Werner J. , Branca Mattia , Marbacher Serge , D’Alonzo Donato , Fandino Javier , Stienen Martin N. , Neidert Marian C. , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Regli Luca , Hlavica Martin , Seule Martin , Roethlisberger Michel , Guzman Raphael , Zumofen Daniel Walter , Maduri Rodolfo , Daniel Roy Thomas , El Rahal Amir , Corniola Marco V. , Bijlenga Philippe , Schaller Karl , Rölz Roland , Scheiwe Christian , Shah Mukesch , Heiland Dieter Henrik , Schnell Oliver , Fung Christian 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Favorable outcomes are seen in up to 50% of patients with World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade V aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Therefore, the usefulness of the current WFNS grading system for identifying the worst scenarios for clinical studies and for making treatment decisions is limited. We previously modified the WFNS scale by requiring positive signs of brain stem dysfunction to assign grade V. This study aimed to validate the new herniation WFNS grading system in an independent prospective cohort.

Methods:
We conducted an international prospective multicentre study in poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients comparing the WFNS classification with a modified version—the herniation WFNS scale (hWFNS). Here, only patients who showed positive signs of brain stem dysfunction (posturing, anisocoric, or bilateral dilated pupils) were assigned hWFNS grade V. Outcome was assessed by modified Rankin Scale score 6 months after hemorrhage. The primary end point was the difference in specificity of the WFNS and hWFNS grading with respect to poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score 4–6).

Results:

Of the 250 patients included, 237 reached the primary end point. Comparing the WFNS and hWFNS scale after neurological resuscitation, the specificity to predict poor outcome increased from 0.19 (WFNS) to 0.93 (hWFNS) (McNemar,
P
<0.001) whereas the sensitivity decreased from 0.88 to 0.37 (
P
<0.001), and the positive predictive value from 61.9 to 88.3 (weighted generalized score statistic,
P
<0.001). For mortality, the specificity increased from 0.19 to 0.93 (McNemar,
P
<0.001), and the positive predictive value from 52.5 to 86.7 (weighted generalized score statistic,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
The identification of objective positive signs of brain stem dysfunction significantly improves the specificity and positive predictive value with respect to poor outcome in grade V patients. Therefore, a simple modification—presence of brain stem signs is required for grade V—should be added to the WFNS classification.

Registration:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02304328.
Comparison of Surface Energy Fluxes from Global to Local Scale
Authors: Mayer Johannes , Mayer Michael , Haimberger Leopold , Liu Chunlei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study uses the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis and observationally constrained top-of-the-atmosphere radiative fluxes to infer net surface energy fluxes covering 1985–2018, which can be further adjusted to match the observed mean land heat uptake. Various diagnostics are applied to provide error estimates of inferred fluxes on different spatial scales. For this purpose, adjusted as well as unadjusted inferred surface fluxes are compared with other commonly used flux products. On a regional scale, the oceanic energy budget of the North Atlantic between the RAPID array at 26.5°N and moorings located farther north (e.g., at the Greenland–Scotland Ridge) is evaluated. On the station scale, a comprehensive comparison of inferred and buoy-based fluxes is presented. Results indicate that global land and ocean averages of unadjusted inferred surface fluxes agree with the observed heat uptake to within 1 W m−2, while satellite-derived and model-based fluxes show large global mean biases. Furthermore, the oceanic energy budget of the North Atlantic is closed to within 2.7 (−0.2) W m−2 for the period 2005–09 when unadjusted (adjusted) inferred surface fluxes are employed. Indirect estimates of the 2004–16 mean oceanic heat transport at 26.5°N are 1.09 PW (1.17 PW with adjusted fluxes), which agrees well with observed RAPID transports. On the station scale, inferred fluxes exhibit a mean bias of −20.1 W m−2 when using buoy-based fluxes as reference, which confirms expectations that biases increase from global to local scales. However, buoy-based fluxes as reference are debatable, and are likely positively biased, suggesting that the station-scale bias of inferred fluxes is more likely on the order of −10 W m−2.
Zonal Extension of the Middle East Jet Stream and Its Influence on the Asian Monsoon
Authors: Wei Wei , Ren Qiaoling , Lu Mengmeng , Yang Song 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Investigation into the interannual variation of the Middle East jet stream (MEJS) and its influence on the Asian monsoon indicates that the eastward extension of MEJS is closely related with a wetter and colder winter in southern China and a later onset of the subsequent Asian summer monsoon, compared with normal conditions. When the MEJS extends eastward, a significant barotropic anomalous anticyclone is located over the Arabian Sea (AS), associated with the southeastward-propagating wave train from Europe. Intense divergence in the southwest of the AS anomalous anticyclone favors more convection over the western tropical Indian Ocean, which excites an anomalous upper-level anticyclone to the north as a Rossby wave response, further intensifying the AS anticyclonic anomaly. This positive feedback loop maintains the AS anomalous anticyclone and results in the eastward extension of the MEJS. Accordingly, intense northeasterly anomalies over the Mediterranean Sea and the subtropical westerly anomalies bring abundant cold air from the mid- to higher latitudes to subtropical regions, resulting in a widespread cooling in subtropical Eurasia including southern China. Barotropic anomalous westerlies occur around the Tibetan Plateau in the south and deepen the India–Burma (now Myanmar) trough, favoring more water vapor transport from the Bay of Bengal to southern China. These wetter and colder conditions in subtropical Eurasia can persist from winter to spring, leading to the much later onset of the Asian summer monsoon. Therefore, the winter MEJS variability can be considered an important indicator for the Asian monsoon.

Significance Statement
Diabatic heating over the western tropical Indian Ocean exerts significant influence on the wintertime Middle East jet stream (MEJS), whose eastward extension leads to a wetter and colder winter in southern China and a later onset of the Asian summer monsoon. When the MEJS extends eastward, an anomalous anticyclone appears over the Arabian Sea and strengthened northeasterlies occur over the Mediterranean Sea. The westerly anomalies bring cold air from the high latitudes, resulting in cooling in subtropical Eurasia. Anomalous westerlies also occur around the Tibetan Plateau and deepen the India–Burma trough, favoring water vapor transport from the Bay of Bengal. These wetter and colder conditions persist from winter to spring, leading to later onset of the Asian summer monsoon.
“Pushing Geographic Boundaries: Interfacility transport and remote extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation of patients during COVID-19 pandemic”
Authors: Creel-Bulos Christina , Miller Casey , Hassani Brian , Farthing Heather , Caridi-Schieble Mark , Connor Michael J , Javidfar Jeffrey , Daneshmand Mani 
Published: March 2022

Amidst the pandemic, geographical boundaries presented challenges to those in need of higher levels of care from referral centers. Authors sought to evaluate potential predictors of treatment success; assess our transport and remote cannulation process; and identify transport associated complications. Retrospective series of critically ill adults with COVID-19 transferred by our Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) team 24 March 2020 through 8 June 2021. Descriptive statistics and associated interquartile ranges (IQR) were used to summarize the data. Sixty-three patients with COVID associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring ECMO support were admitted to our ECMO center. Mean age was 44 years old (SD 12; IQR 36–56). 59% ( n = 37) of patients were male. Average body mass index was 39.7 (SD 11.3; IQR 31–48.5). Majority of patients (77.8%; n = 35) had severe ARDS. Predictors of treatment success were not observed. Transport distances ranged from 2.2 to 236 miles (median 22.5 miles; IQR 8.3–79); round trip times from 18 to 476 min (median 83 min; IQR 44–194) . No transport associated complications occurred. Median duration of ECMO support was 17 days (IQR 9.5–34.5). Length of stay in the Intensive Care Unit (median 36 days; IQR 17–49) and hospital (median 39 days; IQR 25–57) varied. Amongst those discharged, 60% survived.
Genotoxic impact of di-n-butyl phthalate on DNA: A comparative study of three generations in the neuronal tissue of Wistar rats
Authors: Radha M. J. , Basha Mahaboob P. 
Published: March 2022

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), one of the plasticizers, is considered a ubiquitous environmental contaminant due to its widespread application in personal-care products and serves as a raw material in many industries for the generation of many plastic products. Several scientific investigations have shown that DBP caused embryotoxicity and cognitive impairments. However, there is less understanding of the genotoxic potential of DBP in neuronal tissue when exposure happens continuously for several generations. The present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of DBP on the nucleic acids of neuronal tissue in one-month-old rats by performing a comet assay and biochemical analyses. By oral gavage, the parental generation (F0) was administered DBP (500 mg/kg/day) during gestation (GD6-20) and lactation, and exposures were continued for three consecutive generations until the pups were grown to one-month-old. The oxidative stress assessments carried out in discrete brain regions isolated from one-month-old rats (F1–F3) following DBP exposure indicated significant inhibition in the levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) while oxidant status (malondialdehyde) was elevated significantly. The extent of DNA damage using the comet assay, as measured by the olive moment, tail DNA percentage and tail length, was greater in DBP-treated rats compared with the control group, but RNA/DNA content decreased significantly. The results of this study suggested a strong link between oxidative stress and genetic integrity in the neuronal tissue of rats exposed to DBP generationally. To summarise, DBP exposure during pregnancy caused oxidative stress, which resulted in genetic instability in specific discrete brain regions of the third generation.