bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Approach for the Electrosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles
Authors: Rudman Kelly , Hosseini Seyyedamirhossein , Peters Dennis G 
Published: January 2022

In recent decades, nanoparticles have become a prominent research topic due to their increased catalytic activity, which is attributed to their high surface areas. Although typical synthesis methods yield highly ordered monodispersed particles, they often require harsh synthesis conditions, such as high pressure or temperatures, and the use of high-purity reagents. Moreover, these syntheses are conducted on a microliter basis and are not easily scaled-up.1 Electrochemistry offers an alternative approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles under mild conditions, since most metal reduction potentials occur at less than 2 V. One of the earliest attempts at the electrosynthesis of nanoparticles was conducted by Reetz et al.2 In their work, a palladium sheet was stripped and then reduced ions at a platinum sheet to form nanoparticles. However, these nanoparticles were not monodispersed, and therefore not ideal for catalysis.
In the present work, copper nanoparticles have been synthesized in bulk via oxidation of a copper wire into a 99.7:2.3 nitromethane-water solution in the presence of an acid. A copper wire was stripped into solution and monitored via chronocoulometry. Once oxidized, copper ions were stabilized with polyethylene glycol and diffused to the cathode where they underwent electrochemical reduction with the aid of a sonic probe, which dispersed uniform-sized nanoparticles into solution. The size of these nanospheres can be controlled to range from approximately 2 nm to 250 nm due to different amounts of surfactant and copper in solution. In addition, other nanoparticle shapes, namely nanospheres and nanocubes, were obtained when the acid was changed from perchloric acid to hydrochloric acid. These changes in composition of the electrolyte allow for control over the shape and size of nanoparticles. This new method for electrosynthesis of nanoparticles allows for their shape and size control, which can be useful for large-scale, industrial purposes.
References

Gawande, M.B., Goswami, A., Felpin, F., Asefa, T., Huang, X., Silva, R., Zou, X., Zboril, R., Varma, R. S., Cu and Cu-Based Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications in Catalysis. Rev.
2016, 116, 3722–3811.

Reetz, M.T. , Helbig W., Size-Selective Synthesis of Nanostructured Transition Metal Clusters. Am. Chem. Soc.
1994, 116, 7401–7402.
ATR Inhibitor AZD6738 (Ceralasertib) Exerts Antitumor Activity as a Monotherapy and in Combination with Chemotherapy and the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib
Authors: Wilson Zena , Odedra Rajesh , Wallez Yann , Wijnhoven Paul W.G. , Hughes Adina M. , Gerrard Joe , Jones Gemma N. , Bargh-Dawson Hannah , Brown Elaine , Young Lucy A. , O'Connor Mark J. , Lau Alan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

AZD6738 (ceralasertib) is a potent and selective orally bioavailable inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase. ATR is activated in response to stalled DNA replication forks to promote G2–M cell-cycle checkpoints and fork restart. Here, we found AZD6738 modulated CHK1 phosphorylation and induced ATM-dependent signaling (pRAD50) and the DNA damage marker γH2AX. AZD6738 inhibited break-induced replication and homologous recombination repair. In vitro sensitivity to AZD6738 was elevated in, but not exclusive to, cells with defects in the ATM pathway or that harbor putative drivers of replication stress such as CCNE1 amplification. This translated to in vivo antitumor activity, with tumor control requiring continuous dosing and free plasma exposures, which correlated with induction of pCHK1, pRAD50, and γH2AX. AZD6738 showed combinatorial efficacy with agents associated with replication fork stalling and collapse such as carboplatin and irinotecan and the PARP inhibitor olaparib. These combinations required optimization of dose and schedules in vivo and showed superior antitumor activity at lower doses compared with that required for monotherapy. Tumor regressions required at least 2 days of daily dosing of AZD6738 concurrent with carboplatin, while twice daily dosing was required following irinotecan. In a BRCA2-mutant patient-derived triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenograft model, complete tumor regression was achieved with 3 to5 days of daily AZD6738 per week concurrent with olaparib. Increasing olaparib dosage or AZD6738 dosing to twice daily allowed complete tumor regression even in a BRCA wild-type TNBC xenograft model. These preclinical data provide rationale for clinical evaluation of AZD6738 as a monotherapy or combinatorial agent.

Significance:
This detailed preclinical investigation, including pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and dose–schedule optimizations, of AZD6738/ceralasertib alone and in combination with chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors can inform ongoing clinical efforts to treat cancer with ATR inhibitors.
Predicting the impact of American Economic Review articles by author characteristics
Authors: Yuret Tolga 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Authors who publish in American Economic Review (AER) have career paths confined to a few prestigious institutions, and they mostly have exceptional past publication performance. In this paper, I show that authors who are educated and work in the top 10 institutions and have better past publication performance receive more citations for their current AER publications. Authors who have published in the top economic theory journals receive fewer citations even after controlling for the subfield of their AER article. The gender of the authors, years of post-PhD experience, and the location of the affiliated institution do not have any significant effect on the citation performance. An opportunistic editor can exploit the factors that are related to citation performance to substantially improve the citation performance of the journal. Such opportunistic behavior increases the overrepresentation of authors with certain characteristics. For example, an opportunistic editor who uses the predicted citation performance of articles to select a quarter of the articles increases the ratio of authors who works at the top 10 institutions from 30.8% to 52.0%.
Health-related quality of life in people with psychotic disorders: The role of loneliness and its contributors
Authors: Nevarez-Flores Adriana G , Breslin Monique , Carr Vaughan J , Morgan Vera A , Waterreus Anna , Harvey Carol , Sanderson Kristy , Neil Amanda L 
Published: January 2022

Background: Perception of loneliness has been identified as the strongest predictor of health-related quality of life assessed with the Assessment of Quality of Life-4D in people with psychotic disorders. We aimed to establish contributors to perceived loneliness, and ascertain the mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between identified contributors to loneliness and other known predictors of health-related quality of life with health-related quality of life. Methods: Data for 1642 people collected as part of the 2010 Australian National Survey of Psychosis were analysed. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Assessment of Quality of Life-4D, and loneliness through a single-item five-level categorical variable. To identify independent contributors to loneliness, a statistical model was constructed with reference to a theoretical model comprising 23 variables. A predictive model with health-related quality of life as the dependent variable was then developed and tested to assess the mediating role of loneliness. Results: Nine contributors to loneliness were found (social dysfunction, experienced stigma, contact with friends, diagnosis, depressive symptoms, anxiety, mental health service utilisation, arthritis and traumatic events in childhood), with social dysfunction the strongest. In the prediction of health-related quality of life, all contributors to loneliness were partially mediated through loneliness (except service utilisation) as were negative symptoms and use of psychotropic/anticholinergic medications. Conclusion: Assuming a plausible causal model of mediation, loneliness was found to have direct and indirect effects on health-related quality of life in people with psychotic disorders. Findings add impetus to efforts to develop and trial strategies aimed at reducing loneliness in this population, and, in turn, improving their health-related quality of life.
Model of an Advanced Practice Provider–Led Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship Clinic: Evaluation of a 4‐Year Experience
Authors: Silva‐Nash Jennifer , Davis Kyle P. , Gardner James Reed , Sunde Jumin , Vural Emre , Rose Samantha , Moreno Mauricio Alejandro 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo report the efficacy and safety of an advanced practice provider–led head and neck cancer survivorship clinic.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary academic medical center.MethodsPatients were enrolled into the survivorship clinic after undergoing 1‐year follow‐up with the primary head and neck surgeon. Those enrolled between December 2016 and October 2020 were retrospectively reviewed for diagnosis, staging, pattern of recurrence, visit frequency, and compliance. Surgical respectability of recurrent disease was used as a surrogate for timely diagnosis.ResultsAn overall 570 patients were followed within the survivorship clinic. The mean length of follow‐up was 13.6 months. Mucosal primaries represented 72.6% of patients. A majority of the primary malignancies were squamous cell carcinoma (77.7%). The most common primary subsites were the oropharynx (26.7%), oral cavity (25.1%), cutaneous (17.0%), and larynx (15.3%). Recurrence was detected in 50 patients (8.8%): 26 local, 12 regional, and 14 distant. Two patients had multiple synchronous recurrences. Twelve (2.1%) second primary cancers were detected. Of the 36 cases of locoregional recurrence, 32 (88.9%) were deemed amenable to salvage surgical intervention, with or without adjuvant therapy. Negative margins were obtained in 21 of the 23 (91.3%) local recurrences that underwent salvage resection.ConclusionAdvanced practice provider–based surveillance of head and neck cancer, without risk stratification, appears to be a sound model but needs further prospective evaluation. Consistent with literature, 88.9% of patients with locoregional recurrence were candidates for curative‐intent salvage surgery, emphasizing that recurrences are identified in a timely fashion.
Accessible and engaging voices: Teaching English to adult second-language learners with visual impairment using WhatsApp voice notes in India
Authors: J Karthika , Selvam Veena 
Published: January 2022

This case study explored the possibility of using WhatsApp voice notes to teach English to adult learners with visual impairment. The study has documented in detail the challenges and advantages of learning and teaching English through WhatsApp. In this case study, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and integrated and analysed to understand feasibility of using WhatsApp to teach English to learners with visual impairment. Even though the case study was primarily qualitative, some quantitative data were also collected and analysed numerically. The numerical data were analysed using descriptive statistics and reported using numbers and in the form of tables and figures. Furthermore, non-numerical data were examined inductively and reported thematically. The advantage of using WhatsApp voice notes was that it provided a platform for the learners to converse in English and an opportunity to reflect on their own learning process and progress critically. It provided a collaborative learning experience independent of the conventional learning experience of a classroom. The study revealed that the learners with visual impairment were more engaged in the learning process and in improving their speaking skill when WhatsApp voice notes were used. The coding of messages and detailed analysis of message categories clearly revealed the social-emotional skills of each participant in the study. The message categories were adapted from Community of Inquiry Framework and message categories suggested by Naaman et al.
Kinetics of tissue oxygenation index during fast and slow cardiopulmonary bypass initiation
Authors: Turra Jan , Bauer Adrian , Möbius Andreas , Wojdyla Jacob , Eisner Christoph 
Published: January 2022

Introduction Despite being a daily clinical application in cardiac operating theaters, an evidence-based approach on how to optimally initiate the heart–lung machine (HLM) to prevent critical phases of cerebral ischemia is still lacking. We therefore designed a study comparing two different initiation times for starting the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods We conducted a monocentric, randomized, and prospective study comparing the impact of two initiation times, a rapid initiation of 15 s and a slow initiation of 180 s to reach the full target flow rate of 2.5 L/min/m2 times the body surface area, on cerebral tissue oxygenation by near infrared spectroscopy measurements. Results The absolute values in tissue oxygenation index (TOI) showed no difference between the groups before and after the CPB with a 10% drop in oxygenation index in both groups due to the hemodilution through the HLM priming. Looking at the kinetics a rapid initiation of CPB produced a higher negative rate of change in TOI with a total of 21% in critical oxygenation readings compared to 6% in the slow initiation group. Conclusion In order to avoid critical phases of cerebral ischemia during the initiation of CPB for cardiac procedures, we propose an initiation time of at least 90 s to reach the 100% of target flow rate of the HLM.
Impact of the nature of the capillary wall on plasma refilling during hemodialysis
Authors: Yashiro Masatomo , Kotera Hirohisa 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: Our aim was to clarify the impact of the nature of the capillary wall, defined by the contribution of large (LP), small (SP), and ultrasmall (UP) pores, on plasma refilling in a hemodialysis session. Methods: This study included data from 78 patients. The relative blood volume change (ΔBV%) was monitored using a Crit-Line monitor. A bioimpedance device was used to measure extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes, and the excess fluid mass (MExF) was calculated. We simulated blood volume change (sΔBV%) based on a three-pore model. Hydraulic permeability of the capillary wall (LpS) and fractional contribution of LP to LpS (αLP) were determined by fitting sΔBV to ΔBV. The total refilling volume (TVref) was calculated from the total ultrafiltration volume and total blood volume change. Values were standardized to a body surface area of 1.73 m2 and are denoted by the subscript BSA. Results: LpS and αLP were 3.09 (2.32, 4.68) mL/mmHg/min and 0.069 (0.023, 0.109), respectively. The standardized regression coefficient (β) of the ultrafiltration rate (UFRBSA) and initial excess fluid mass (MExF,BSA,0) by multiple linear regression analysis of TVref,BSA without (Model 1) and with (Model 2) αLP were as follows: UFRBSA, 0.714/<0.001 (β/p); MExF,BSA,0, 0.247/<0.001 (Model 1); UFRBSA, 0.799/<0.001; MExF,BSA,0, 0.066/0.237; and αLP, −0.327/<0.001 (Model 2). Conclusions: The impact of volume overload (MExF,BSA,0) on plasma refilling became insignificant with the addition of αLP in the model, suggesting that the nature of the capillary wall described by inter-endothelial gaps (LP) may have a greater impact on plasma refilling than volume overload.
Cardiogenic shock treated with temporary mechanical circulatory support in Brazil: The effect of learning curve
Authors: Scolari Fernando Luís , Trott Geraldine , Schneider Daniel , Goldraich Livia Adams , Frederico Tonietto Tulio , Moura Lídia Zytynski , Bertoldi Eduardo Gehling , Rover Marciane Maria , Wolf Jonas Michel , Souza Denise de , Clausell Nadine , Polanczyk Carisi Anne , Rohde Luis Eduardo , Rosa Regis Goulart , Wainstein Rodrigo Vugman 
Published: January 2022

Aims: Treatment with mechanical circulatory support (MCS) has been proposed to mitigate mortality in cardiogenic shock (CS). However, there is a lack of data on MCS programs implementation and the effect of the learning curve on its outcomes in limited resources countries such as Brazil. Methods: Prospective cohort of patients with CS admitted in four tertiary-care centers treated with Impella CP or veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Clinical outcomes were peri-procedural complications, short-term mortality rate, and the centers’ learning curve. The cohort was divided into two periods: from April 2017 to July 2018 ( n = 24), and from August 2018 to December 2020 ( n = 25). Results: The study enrolled 49 patients [age 59 (43–63) years; 34 (70%) males]. The most common causes for CS were acute myocardial infarction in 22 (45%) and acute decompensation of chronic heart failure in 10 (20%). VA-ECMO was employed in 35 (71%) and Impella CP in 14 (29%) of patients. Overall complications occurred in 37 (76%) of patients, where major bleeding in 19 (38%) was the most common. The overall mortality rate was 61%, but it was lower in the second period (40%) in comparison to the first period (83%), p = 0.002. The learning curve analysis showed a decrease in the mortality rate after 40 consecutive cases. Conclusions: Implementation of a temporary MCS program for refractory CS in a limited resource country is feasible. The learning curve effect might have played a role on survival rate since high morbimortality has decreased within time reaching optimal results by the end of the study.
Selenium nutritional status and its association with SLEDAI-2K, HOMA-IR and lipid profile in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients
Authors: do Prado Rogério , Aires Patricia P , Suano-Souza Fabíola I , Affonso Fonseca Fernando Luiz , Terreri Maria Teresa , Sarni Roseli O. S. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives To assess nutritional status regarding selenium in adolescents with Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (jSLE) and analyze possible associations with disease activity, insulin resistance and lipid profile. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional study of 31 female adolescents with jSLE and 31 healthy female volunteers as a comparison group. We obtained demographic, anthropometric (weight, stature, waist, and neck circumferences), and clinical data (disease activity measured by SLEDAI-2K) from both groups; laboratory data including: lipid profile, plasma selenium, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (usCRP), insulin levels, and glycemia (Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance—HOMA-IR). Results Mean age at diagnosis of jSLE group was 15.9±1.7 years, with mean disease duration of 3.6±2.6 years. 48% of patients and controls had below-reference Se levels (≤46mcg/L). GPx was more frequently below reference levels (<4.171U/L) in the jSLE group, compared to controls. A ROC curve was used to assess the power of the variables to discriminate between both groups; insulin (AUC = 0.712; CI 95% 0.584–0.840), waist-to-height ratio (AUC = 0.704; CI 95% 0.572–0.837), and HOMA-IR (AUC = 0.689; CI 95% 0.556–0.822) were the variables with the greatest discriminatory power. Linear regression showed an independent inverse association between Se levels and c-LDL; no such correlation was found for GPx activity. SLEDAI-2 K and HOMA-IR showed no association with levels of Se and GPx activity. Conclusions Approximately, 50% of jSLE adolescents had below reference Se levels. The frequency of inadequate GPx values was higher in patients, compared to controls. There was an independent inverse association between Se and c-LDL levels in both groups; this was not the case for HOMA-IR and SLEDAI-2K. The data show the importance of assessing Se nutritional status in jSLE patients.
Role of JAK/STAT in the Neuroinflammation and its Association with Neurological Disorders
Authors: Jain Mayank , Singh Mukul Kumar , Shyam Hari , Mishra Archana , Kumar Shailendra , Kumar Ambrish , Kushwaha Jitendra 
Published: January 2022

Background: Innate immunity is mediated by a variety of cell types, including microglia, macrophages, and neutrophils, and serves as the immune system's first line of defense. There are numerous pathways involved in innate immunity, including the interferon (IFN) pathway, TRK pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, interleukin (IL) pathways, chemokine pathways (CCR5), GSK signaling, and Fas signaling. Summary: JAK/STAT is one of these important signaling pathways and this review focused on JAK/STAT signaling pathway only. The overactivation of microglia and astrocytes influences JAK/STAT's role in neuroinflammatory disease by initiating innate immunity, orchestrating adaptive immune mechanisms, and ultimately constraining inflammatory and immunological responses. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is one of the critical factors that promotes neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Key message: Given the importance of the JAK/STAT pathway in neurodegenerative disease, this review discussed the feasibility of targeting the JAK/STAT pathway as a neuroprotective therapy for neurodegenerative diseases in near future.
A six-session group-based pilot intervention for alcohol and other drug use in hospitalised mentally ill young offenders
Authors: Parsons Annie , Hoadley Benjamin , Hitzeman Cortney , Parkin Sarah , Kasinathan John 
Published: January 2022

Objective This study aims to evaluate a group-based intervention for alcohol and other drug (AOD) use offered to incarcerated youth hospitalised with mental illness. Methods A six-session group-based intervention for AOD use was offered to young offenders with mental illness, hospitalised in the Adolescent Unit of the Forensic Hospital, Sydney, between June 2015 and May 2017. Pre- and post-intervention measures were collected using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Treatment Entry Questionnaire, Drug-Related Locus of Control (DRLOC) and Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire, short version. Results Pre- and post-intervention measures were compared utilising paired t-tests. Following the intervention, there was a significant reduction in the severity of psychiatric symptoms rated using the BPRS and a significant difference in DRLOC measures, reflecting increased internal locus of control. Conclusions Improved internal drivers for reducing AOD use and improvement in symptoms of mental illness suggest similar interventions may be beneficial and may not impact recovery even during episodes of acute illness.
Rural Hispanic Perceptions of Mental Health: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Moyce Sally , Thompson Sophia , Metcalf Madeline , Velazquez Maria , Aghbashian Elizabeth , Sisson Nathaniel , Claudio David 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: In 2020, 18.4% of Hispanics experienced mental illness, yet only about a third received treatment compared with nearly half of non-Hispanic Whites. In Montana, where only 11% of the mental health needs are currently met, service utilization is low. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of the Hispanic immigrant population in a rural state on mental health and professional service utilization. Methods: Using a descriptive phenomenological approach, we conducted semi-structured telephone interviews in Spanish. Audio recordings were transcribed, translated to English, and analyzed for themes. Results: We recruited a sample of 14 participants from Mexico, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela ranging in age from 33 to 59. We identified five themes: definitions of mental health, maintaining mental health, familismo/socialization, stigma, and acculturation stress. Discussion: Novel findings point to the need for Spanish-language services focused on reducing stigma around mental illness and incorporating the importance of social connections.