bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alzheimer's disease‐associated R47H TREM2 increases, but wild‐type TREM2 decreases, microglial phagocytosis of synaptosomes and neuronal loss
Authors: Popescu Alma S. , Butler Claire A. , Allendorf David H. , Piers Thomas M. , Mallach Anna , Roewe Julian , Reinhardt Peter , Cinti Alessandro , Redaelli Loredana , Boudesco Christophe , Pradier Laurent , Pocock Jennifer M. , Thornton Peter , Brown Guy C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTriggering receptor on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an innate immune receptor, upregulated on the surface of microglia associated with amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Individuals heterozygous for the R47H variant of TREM2 have greatly increased risk of developing AD. We examined the effects of wild‐type (WT), R47H and knock‐out (KO) of human TREM2 expression in three microglial cell systems. Addition of mouse BV‐2 microglia expressing R47H TREM2 to primary mouse neuronal cultures caused neuronal loss, not observed with WT TREM2. Neuronal loss was prevented by using annexin V to block exposed phosphatidylserine, an eat‐me signal and ligand of TREM2, suggesting loss was mediated by microglial phagocytosis of neurons exposing phosphatidylserine. Addition of human CHME‐3 microglia expressing R47H TREM2 to LUHMES neuronal‐like cells also caused loss compared to WT TREM2. Expression of R47H TREM2 in BV‐2 and CHME‐3 microglia increased their uptake of phosphatidylserine‐beads and synaptosomes versus WT TREM2. Human iPSC‐derived microglia with heterozygous R47H TREM2 had increased phagocytosis of synaptosomes vs common‐variant TREM2. Additionally, phosphatidylserine liposomes increased activation of human iPSC‐derived microglia expressing homozygous R47H TREM2 versus common‐variant TREM2. Finally, overexpression of TREM2 in CHME‐3 microglia caused increased expression of cystatin F, a cysteine protease inhibitor, and knock‐down of cystatin F increased CHME‐3 uptake of phosphatidylserine‐beads. Together, these data suggest that R47H TREM2 may increase AD risk by increasing phagocytosis of synapses and neurons via greater activation by phosphatidylserine and that WT TREM2 may decrease microglial phagocytosis of synapses and neurons via cystatin F.
Modify homotopy perturbation method using yang transform to study the effect of magnetic field with mass and heat transfer on pulsatile blood flow in tapered stenosis arteries
Authors: Al‐Griffi Takia A. J. , Al‐Saif Abdul‐Sattar J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe effect of a magnetic field on two‐dimensional pulsatile blood flow in tapered stenosis arteries was studied by employing the Yang transform homotopy perturbation method (YTHPM). The mathematical model which was solved by the researchers Liu and Liu, was successfully developed by adding the effect of a magnetic field for the blood flow in addition to the effect of mass and heat transfer on it. The impact of the angle of tapering, the Grashof number, the solutal Grashof number, and the magnetic field on the axial velocity, the wall shear stress, flow resistance, and the volumetric flow rate was investigated in two cases absence and presence of the magnetic field. The results prove that YTHPM is efficacious and highly accurate in finding the analytical approximate solution for pulsatile blood flow in tapered stenosis arteries under the influence of a magnetic field. The convergence of the new solutions is also discussed in the absence and presence of the magnetic field. Further, the graphs of these new solutions show the validity of, a necessity for, and utility of YTHPM, and are in line with results put forward by other studies.
Impact of latency‐reversing agents on human macrophage physiology
Authors: Hany Laurent , Turmel Marc‐Olivier , Barat Corinne , Ouellet Michel , Tremblay Michel J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionHIV‐1 eradication is hindered by the presence of inducible long‐lived reservoirs of latently infected cells which rapidly disseminate viral particles upon treatment interruption. Eliminating these reservoirs by the so‐called shock and kill strategy represents a crucial concept toward an HIV‐1 cure. Several molecules called latency‐reversing agents (LRAs) are under intensive investigations to reactivate virus gene expression. These studies are mainly conducted on CD4+ T cells where LRAs are well tolerated and did not induce global cellular activation. However, despite their broad spectrum, the putative impact of LRAs on other cellular reservoirs such as macrophages is still ill‐defined.MethodsWe investigated the impact of the protein kinase C (PKC) activator bryostatin‐1, bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 and histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin used either alone or in combination on human primary monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs).ResultsWe demonstrate that bryostatin‐1, JQ1, and romidepsin or their combinations are not toxic at nanomolar concentrations but induce metabolic and morphologic alterations of MDMs. Bryostatin‐1 triggered the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, while JQ‐1 decreased it. Phagocytosis and endocytosis were modestly impaired upon bryostatin‐1 treatment whereas efferocytosis was markedly downregulated by romidepsin. Despite its pro‐inflammatory profile, bryostatin‐1 did not induce classically activated macrophage markers. Finally, we reveal that conditioned medium from bryostatin‐1‐treated macrophages did not potentiate its reactivation feature.ConclusionsOur study reveals that LRAs can diversely impact basic physiologic features of human primary macrophages and could potentially decrease reactivation of nearby CD4+ T cells latently infected with HIV‐1. Our observations further stress the need to include different cell populations when assessing HIV‐1 cure strategies.
Computational investigation of functionalized carbenes on dinitrogen activation
Authors: Kirkland Justin K. , Johnson Sophia K. , Vogiatzis Konstantinos D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractActivation of the dinitrogen triple bond is a crucial step in the overall fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms for industrial and biological applications. Current synthetic catalysts incorporate metal ions to facilitate the activation and cleavage of dinitrogen. The high price of metal‐based catalysts and the challenge of catalyst recovery during industrial catalytic processes has led to increasing interest in metal‐free catalysts. One step toward metal‐free catalysis is the use of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). In this study, we have examined 18 functionalized carbenes as FLPs to elucidate the influence of steric and electronic effects on the activation of dinitrogen. To test the effects of functionalization on dinitrogen activation, we have performed density functional theory (DFT), multireference, non and extended transition state‐natural orbital for chemical valence (ETS‐NOCV) calculations. Our results suggest that functional groups which introduce strong electron‐withdrawing effects and/or engage in extended π/π* systems lead to the lowering of the dissociation energy of the dinitrogen bond, which further contributes to greater nitrogen activation. We conjecture that these effects are due to enhanced back‐bonding capability of the p orbital of the carbene carbon atoms to the adjacent nitrogen atoms (increasing Lewis basicity of the carbene carbon atom) and enhanced stability of dissociated products. Our concluding remarks include opportunities to extend this activation study to explore the entire catalytic cycle with promising functionalized carbenes for experimental evaluation.
PARK2 microdeletion in a multiplex family with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Barone Rita , Cirnigliaro Lara , Saccuzzo Lucia , Valdese Silvia , Pettinato Fabio , Prato Adriana , Bernardini Laura , Fichera Marco , Rizzo Renata 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundPARK2 (PRKN; MIM*602544) encodes Parkin protein, an ubiquitin‐protein ligase required for proteasomal degradation and operating in the synaptic compartments. Copy number variations (CNVs) involving PARK2 have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We report on a family with ASD (multiplex family) harbouring a microdeletion at chr. 6q26 causing PARK2 disruption.MethodsCNV analyses were performed using CGH/SNP‐array platforms, and the detected microdeletion was confirmed by real‐time quantitative PCR. Standardized psychometric evaluation was used for neurobehavioral characterization.ResultsWe found an intragenic ~157 kb microdeletion of the chromosomal region 6q26 causing PARK2 disruption in two male sibs with ASD and syndromic phenotype. They both had dysmorphic facial features with coarse faces, deeply set eyes with long horizontal palpebral fissures, long eyelashes and thick eyebrows, fleshy lips and mild skeletal problems. We found an intrafamilial clinical heterogeneity owing to different severity of the autism symptoms between the affected sibs: the younger one had minimally verbal autism and severe intellectual disability, whereas his older brother presented high‐functioning autism and preserved speech. Parental analysis and real‐time PCR using a PRKN fragment mapping within the deletion demonstrated that the deletion was inherited from their father having subthreshold features of ASD consisting with broad autism phenotype.ConclusionsThe study corroborates the hypothesis that PARK2 aberrations may be associated with ASD and highlights correlations between CNV affecting PARK2 and ASD in a multiplex family. We show remarkable intrafamilial variability in the severity of inherited ASD associated with PARK2 microdeletion.
Assessment of an MR Elastography‐Based Nomogram as a Potential Imaging Biomarker for Predicting Microvascular Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gao Shanshan , Zhang Yunfei , Sun Wei , Jin Kaipu , Dai Yongming , Wang Feihang , Qian Xianling , Han Jing , Sheng Ruofan , Zeng Mengsu 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundMicrovascular invasion (MVI) is a well‐established poor prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Preoperative prediction of MVI is important for both therapeutic and prognostic purposes, but noninvasive methods are lacking.PurposeTo develop an MR elastography (MRE)‐based nomogram for the preoperative prediction of MVI in HCC.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsA total of 111 patients with surgically resected single HCC (52 MVI‐positive and 59 MVI‐negative), randomly allocated to training and validation cohorts (7:3 ratio).Field Strength/Sequence2D‐MRE and conventional sequences (T1‐weighted in‐phase and opposed phase gradient echo, T2‐weighted fast spin echo, diffusion‐weighted single‐shot spin echo echo‐planar, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted gradient echo) at 3.0 T.AssessmentMRE‐stiffness and conventional qualitative and quantitative MRI features were evaluated and compared between MVI‐positive and MVI‐negative HCCs.Statistical TestsUnivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to identify potential predictors for MVI, and a nomogram was constructed according to the predictive model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Harrell's C‐index evaluated the discrimination performance of the nomogram, calibration curves analyzed its diagnostic performance and decision curve analysis determined its clinical usefulness. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsTumor stiffness >6.284 kPa (odds ratio [OR] = 24.38) and the presence of arterial peritumoral enhancement (OR = 6.36) were independent variables associated with MVI. The areas under the ROC curves for tumor stiffness were 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70, 0.89) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.90) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. When both predictive variables were integrated, the best nomogram performance was achieved with C‐indices of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.94) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.96) in the two cohorts, fitting well in calibration curves. The decision curve exhibited optimal net benefit with a wide range of threshold probabilities for the nomogram.Data ConclusionAn MRE‐based nomogram may be a potential noninvasive imaging biomarker for predicting MVI of HCC preoperatively.Evidence Level2.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Establishment and characterization of two Epstein–Barr virus‐positive gastric cancer cell lines with epitheliotropic M81 strain undergoing distinct viral and altered cellular expression profiles
Authors: Xu Mingqian , Zhang Liang , Feng Jinfu , Yang Shuaibing , Wang Yixuan , Wang Yuyi , Chen Meiyang , Zhou Li , Zhang Junjie , Qin Qingsong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) is a distinct subtype of gastric cancer (GC) distinguished by the presence of the EBV genome and limited viral gene expression within malignant epithelial cells. EBV infection is generally thought to be a relatively late event following atrophic gastritis in carcinogenesis, which implies the heterogeneity of EBVaGC. To facilitate the study of the role of EBV in EBVaGC, we established two EBV‐positive GC cell lines (AGS‐EBV and HGC27‐EBV) with an epitheliotropic EBV strain M81 and characterized viral and cellular gene expression profiles in comparison to SNU719, a naturally derived EBV‐positive GC cell line. Like SNU719, AGS‐EBV and HGC27‐EBV stably maintained their EBV genomes and expressed EBV‐encoded small RNAs and nuclear antigen EBNA1. Comprehensive analysis of the expression of EBV‐encoded miRNAs within the BamHI‐A region rightward transcript region, and the transcripts of EBV latent and lytic genes in cell lines, as well as xenografts, reveals that AGS‐EBV and HGC27‐EBV cells undergo distinct viral expression profiles. A very small fraction of AGS‐EBV and SNU719 cells can spontaneously produce infectious progeny virions, while HGC27‐EBV does not. AGS‐EBV (both M81 and Akata) cells largely mimic SNU719 cells in viral gene expression profiles, and altered cellular functions and pathways perturbed by EBV infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the EBV genome shows both M81 and Akata EBV strains are closely related to clinical EBVaGC isolates. Taken together, these two newly established EBV‐positive GC cell lines can serve as models to further investigate the role of EBV in different contexts of gastric carcinogenesis and identify novel therapeutics against EBVaGC.
Establishment of a diverse head and neck squamous cancer cell bank using conditional reprogramming culture methods
Authors: Li Daniel , Thomas Carlos , Shrivastava Nitisha , Gersten Adam , Gadsden Nicholas , Schlecht Nicolas , Kawachi Nicole , Schiff Bradley A. , Smith Richard V. , Rosenblatt Gregory , Augustine Stelby , Gavathiotis Evripidis , Burk Robert , Prystowsky Michael B. , Guha Chandan , Mehta Vikas , Ow Thomas J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMost laboratory models of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) rely on established immortalized cell lines, which carry inherent bias due to selection and clonality. We established a robust panel of HNSCC tumor cultures using a “conditional reprogramming” (CR) method, which utilizes a rho kinase inhibitor (Y‐27632) and co‐culture with irradiated fibroblast (J2 strain) feeder cells to support indefinite tumor cell survival. Sixteen CR cultures were successfully generated from 19 consecutively enrolled ethnically and racially diverse patients with HNSCC at a tertiary care center in the Bronx, NY. Of the 16 CR cultures, 9/16 were derived from the oral cavity, 4/16 were derived from the oropharynx, and 3/16 were from laryngeal carcinomas. Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling was used to validate culture against patient tumor tissue DNA. All CR cultures expressed ΔNp63 and cytokeratin 5/6, which are markers of squamous identity. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing was assessed utilizing clinical p16 staining on primary tumors, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) of HPV16/18‐specific viral oncogenes E6 and E7 in RNA extracted from tumor samples, and HPV DNA sequencing. Three of four oropharyngeal tumors were p16 and HPV‐positive and maintained HPV in culture. CR cultures were able to establish three‐dimensional spheroid and murine flank and orthotopic tongue models. CR methods can be readily applied to all HNSCC tumors regardless of patient characteristics, disease site, and molecular background, providing a translational research model that properly includes patient and tumor diversity.
Picosecond UV Kerr‐gated Raman spectroscopy with 280 nm laser excitation
Authors: Holtum Tim , Reichenauer Till , Kumar Vikas , Schlücker Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRaman spectra obtained by UV laser excitation above 260 nm are contaminated by spectrally overlapping UV‐excited fluorescence. Here, we demonstrate a picosecond UV Kerr‐gated Raman spectroscopy setup to suppress the fluorescence in Raman spectra excited by 280 nm laser pulses. Specifically, we use a model sample that consists of acetonitrile contaminated by a small amount of toluene for generating UV‐excited fluorescence. We were able to acquire a Raman spectrum of acetonitrile by suppressing the UV‐excited fluorescence of toluene by the action of a 1‐mm thick fused silica‐based UV Kerr gate operated by 1030 nm, ~1 ps gating pulses. These results also indicate the challenges that must be overcome in the future for realizing UV‐fluorescence‐free UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy studies of molecules exhibiting electronic resonances around 280 nm using laser excitation wavelengths right at or close to this resonance.
An in‐depth analysis of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Song Chao , Cai Weiye , Liu Fei , Cheng Kang , Guo Daru , Liu Zongchao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the pathological basis of disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and other related diseases, and the lower back pain it produces lays a heavy financial burden on individuals and society. Thus, it is essential to comprehend IVDD's pathophysiology. Numerous factors, such as inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinases, are linked to IVDD pathogenesis. Despite the fact that many researches has provided explanations for the pathophysiology of IVDD, these studies are typically singular, restricted, and isolated, expound only on one or two components, and do not systematically analyze and summarize the numerous influencing elements. In addition, we discovered that the incidence of many chronic diseases in the field of orthopedics may be thoroughly and systematically defined in terms of immunological systems. In order to provide a theoretical foundation for an in‐depth understanding of the pathological process of IVDD and the formulation of more effective prevention and treatment measures, this review provides a comprehensive and systematic account of the pathogenesis of IVDD from the physical to the molecular barriers of the intervertebral disc, from the nucleus pulposus tissue to the cellular to the immune‐molecular level.
Bone Age Evaluated With Conventional Ultrasound
Authors: Zhao Ying , Wan Jie , Lv Pin , Zhang Chao 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo confirm the inter‐side difference of bone age evaluated with conventional ultrasound.MethodsIn this prospective study, patients aged between 3 and 15 years with referral for bone age evaluation from the pediatric outpatient and inpatient department in our general medical institute were enrolled from March to October 2021. Bone ages from left and right side were evaluated with ultrasound using a summed ossification ratio of radius, ulna, and femur in all patients. For comparison, radiographic bone ages were assessed with X‐ray films of the left hand and wrist.ResultsA total of 192 patients were enrolled into the study, including 95 boys (10.5 years [3.2–14.6 years]) and 97 girls (8.7 years [3.7–15.4 years]). In the girls, the ossification ratio of the right radius was greater than the left (P = .030) and the ultrasonic bone age from the right side was more advanced than the left (P = .007). The differences of the left and right ultrasonic bone age were −0.66 to 0.61 years in the boys and −0.89 to 0.67 years in the girls. The differences of right ultrasonic bone age and radiographic bone age were −0.77 to 1.01 years in the boys and −1.12 to 1.14 years in the girls. The differences of left ultrasonic bone age and radiographic bone age were −0.73 to 0.91 years in the boys and −1.16 to 0.90 years in the girls.ConclusionsClinically important difference can be obtained from the left and right side when assessed bone age with the ossification ratio of bones by ultrasound, especially in girls. Both sides should be evaluated in clinical work.
Design of three multibranch microstrip antennas compatible with WiMAX/WiFi/4G/5G NR for coal mine applications
Authors: Xu Yanhong , Zhang Zhiwen , Wang Anyi , Hou Jianqiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this letter, three microstrip antennas are designed and fabricated for coal mine applications, each of which can be compatible with WiMAX, WiFi, 4G, and 5G NR bands. The first one is the Pentagon antenna, which is realized by optimizing the sizes and positions of five branches. The second one is designed by adding a passive inverted L‐shaped branch on the top of a trident antenna. And the third one is designed by loading an inverted L‐shaped structure in the ground of the trident antenna. The simulated and measured results showed that each of the three proposed antennas can cover the frequency bands of 2.51–2.68, 3.40–3.60, and 4.80–4.90 GHz for commercial 5G NR of coal mines, 1.88–2.66 GHz for China Mobile/Unicom/Telecom full‐band of 4G, 2.40–2.484 GHz for WiFi, and 2.50–2.69 GHz for WiMAX. Good agreements between the simulated and measured results confirm the practical feasibility of the proposed multiband antennas.
Little White Lies: Hope and Untruth in (White)Mobile‐Homeownership
Authors: Formanack Allison 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor decades, studies have shown that white households have greater access and benefit most from the racialized US housing market. Homeownership is the material realization of the American dream, and for many it is read alongside middle‐classness and normativity as cultural markers of hegemonic whiteness. Conversely, this article explores personal narratives from white homeowners that are excluded from this dominant understanding: white mobile‐homeowners. I apply the concept of “untruths” to illustrate how my interlocutors discursively situated their racialized hopes, anxieties, and aspirations against the disparaging “white‐trailer trash” trope. I then consider how I, as a white, working‐class anthropologist conducting “home‐work,” was figured into these narratives as representing this idealized—yet deeply problematic—whiteness. Bringing together anthropological perspectives on lies and sincerity, I show how white racial “untruths” reveal a more complex and fragmented whiteness that belies the dreamlike fiction of hegemonic white normativity.
Mothers’ Hopes and Domestic Magic: White Racial Habitus and Fantasies of White Suburban Childhood
Authors: Kwon Jong Bum 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article is a collaborative ethnographic examination of the formation of white, middle‐class, suburban mothers’ subjectivities and mothers’ roles in the reproduction of racial inequity and structural violence. We focus on their affective labors transforming home spaces and suburban landscapes into white fantasies of childhood, which we describe as kind of domestic magic. We argue at the heart of this white racial habitus is the figure of the child and childhood. The child embodies mothers’ hopes for happy families and motivates their work and sacrifice. Our aim in this article is to show how racialized suffering and violence may not be reproduced by racial animus, neglect or ignorance but by seemingly innocuous hopes to make or conjure idyllic fantasies for children.