bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregelatinised amaranth flour as an ingredient for low‐fat gluten‐free cakes
Authors: Carmona‐Garcia Roselis , Agama‐Acevedo Edith , Pacheco‐Vargas Glenda , Bello‐Perez Luis A. , Tovar Juscelino , Alvarez‐Ramirez Jose 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThis work explored the use of pregelatinised amaranth flour (PAF) as an oil substitute in the preparation of amaranth cakes. Amaranth flour was extruded to achieve approximately 50% gelatinisation, ground and sieved. The PAF was used to replace the oil in the cake preparation at levels 33, 66% and 100%. FTIR analysis of the cake formulations showed that PAF modified the molecular organisation of starch and proteins. The starch showed more hydrated structures, although less ordered. The proteins exhibited a significant reduction in the β structures and a marked increase of the side chains, probably caused by the interaction with amaranth starch. The in vitro digestibility of starch showed a slight increase with the addition of PAF. The slowly digesting starch fraction showed a visible decrease, reflecting the presence of starch chains more accessible to amylolysis. Instrumental texture revealed an increase (P < 0.05) in cake hardness with the addition of PAF, particularly for medium (66%) and high (100%) oil replacements. Sensory analysis showed that the perceived texture, flavour and colour were negatively affected by the addition of the pregelatinised flour. Overall, the sensory analysis indicated that cakes with low levels of PAF oil replacement may be acceptable to consumers.
Structural and physicochemical characterization of porous starch prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis, solvent‐exchange, and freeze–thaw cross‐linking treatments
Authors: Mohan Naaznee , Mellem John J. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryPorous starches have been researched for applications of its characteristics, although it has been noted that different methods are used to influence the properties manifested. In this study, native starch isolated from hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus) was used to create porous starch using three different methods, viz, solvent‐exchange (SE), enzyme hydrolysis (EH), and addition of mercaptosuccinic acid known as freeze–thaw (FT). The structural characteristics (Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐Ray Diffraction) of SE and EH were very similar to those of NS. The gelatinization properties of the porous starches were higher (97.15–112.86) than those of NS (93.00–103.69). The pasting properties of SE and EH were improved, while FT did not possess any pasting abilities, this was due to its high solubility (42.92 ± 1.70) and lipophilic nature (4.63 ± 0.42). The adsorption properties of SE (4.0616.35) and EH (4.31–15.45) were similar to those of NS (3.53–15.50). The swelling power of SE (9.16 ± 0.19) and EH (9.25 ± 0.13) was similar to that of NS (9.76 ± 0.43), while the amylose contents (15.48–19.43) were lower than those of NS (20.68 ± 4.39). Only the SE (11.42 ± 3.40) from the porous starches had resistant starch present, while EH had mostly rapidly digestible (13.23 ± 0.00) and slowly digestible starch (127.16 ± 0.00). These structural and physicochemical characteristics show that these porous starches may be suitable in delivery systems, improving solubility of drugs and adsorbing dyes.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors do not increase the risk of fractures in real‐world clinical practice in Korea: A national observational cohort study
Authors: Ha Kyoung Hwa , Kim Dae Jung , Choi Yong Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study aimed to determine whether sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were related to increased fracture risk in adults with type 2 diabetes compared with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4i).Materials and MethodsBetween 1 May 2016 and 31 December 2018, we carried out a new‐user cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Propensity score matching was carried out on 478,826 new users of an SGLT2i or DPP‐4i. After propensity score matching on >80 covariates, 84,460 individuals were initiated on SGLT2i or DPP‐4i, with 42,230 individuals in each treatment group. The time to first fracture event was compared between the SGLT2i and DPP‐4i groups using Cox proportional hazards models, and the results are reported as hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for fracture occurrence. Subgroup analyses investigated fractures between treatment groups according to baseline characteristics.ResultsIndividuals who were started on SGLT2i were not linked with increased fracture risk in both as‐treated and intention‐to‐treat analyses (as‐treated: hazard ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.92–1.04; intention‐to‐treat: hazard ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.89–1.00). We identified no significant interaction between the individuals' age, sex, fracture history or thiazolidinedione use in any subgroup analyses, showing that none of these variables appeared to be impact modifiers in the connection between SGLT2i and fractures.ConclusionsOur study found no increase in the risk of fracture among individuals treated with SGLT2i in a real‐world clinical setting for type 2 diabetes.
Honest agents in a corrupt equilibrium
Authors: Henke Alexander , Khalil Fahad , Lawarree Jacques 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe present a principal–auditor–agent model with adverse selection where the agent can bribe the auditor and the auditor can extort the agent. We show that it is optimal to deter extortion but allow bribery, and we analyze the impact of honest agents in this setting. Unlike strategic agents, honest agents refuse to bribe and therefore cannot reap the benefit of bribery. This unwillingness to bribe raises the cost of participation of honest agents and creates a negative externality by offering a scope for rent to all strategic agents. This negative externality is larger when an agent's bargaining strength is higher. We find that the principal's payoff is nonmonotonic in honesty, and increasing honesty is helpful only if it is widespread enough, leading to a potential corruption trap. We also show that an increase in productivity lowers the threshold for honesty to be beneficial.
Vasocutaneous fistula formation and repair following inguinal hernia repair in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Kavoussi Parviz K. , Wilkerson Gregory , Gray Stanton B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA 6‐year‐old adult male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) developed a vasocutaneous fistula following an anatomic inguinal hernia repair years earlier. The vasocutaneous fistula was surgically repaired, the vas deferens was ligated, and the wound was closed in layers with non‐overlapping suture lines with no further adverse sequalae of events.
A scoping review of outpatient interventions to support the reduction of prescription opioid medication for chronic non cancer pain
Authors: Nickerson Kathie , Lieschke Gena , Rajappa Hema , Smith Angela , Inder Kerry Jill 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrescription opioid use is a global health issue. Previous systematic reviews have not identified that any specific intervention supports prescription opioid reduction effectively. In keeping with the nature of a scoping review, this review details an overview of the existing literature on this topic, with quality of evidence being discussed rather than formally analysed.AimThis review aimed to examine and describe outpatient interventions that support the reduction of prescription opioid medication for chronic non cancer pain.Eligibility criteriaAbstracts were reviewed against the inclusion criteria of outpatient clinical interventions, for the purpose of prescription opioid dose reduction, offered to adults with CNCP.Sources of evidenceFollowing a structured review approach an electronic database search, of Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Cinahl, and Proquest and grey literature was undertaken. Search results were screened by title for relevance.Charting methodsTwo reviewers adhering to the PRISMA‐ScR checklist charted and assessed studies for quality using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist assessment tools. Extracted data were collated and synthesised for presentation as a tabular and narrative review.ResultsFrom the initial search of 5089 papers, 19 underwent full‐text review and quality appraisal. A variety of interventions were described to support reduction in prescription opioid use, however only one study of at least fair quality was able to demonstrate a demonstrated a statistically significant benefit in reducing measured opioid dose compared with a control group. Interventions were implemented in both specialist pain services and in primary care with multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary clinician care. Barriers and facilitators were observed in both settings.Conclusion and implications for clinical practiceFurther rigorous research needs to be conducted to conclusively answer the question of what outpatient interventions support opioid reduction in chronic non cancer pain. This scoping review is the first step of inquiry in the development of a nursing intervention to support reduction of prescription opioids.
Balancing selection gain and genetic diversity in the genomic planning of crosses
Authors: Michel Sebastian , Löschenberger Franziska , Moreno‐Amores Jose , Ametz Christian , Sparry Ellen , Abel Eva , Ehn Magdalena , Bürstmayr Hermann 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCreating new genetic variation by crossing two or more parents is the initial and often most important step when developing new crop varieties. Hence, several mate selection indices have been suggested to support the planning of crosses in genomic breeding pipelines that have been established in many breeding programmes in recent years. The corresponding index weights are however difficult to determine objectively, and these indices often feature weights determined by laborious grid searches or rules of thumb. The aim of this study was to compare methods that employ the latter approach with mate selection indices based on desired gains in simulations and an empirical Fusarium head blight experiment for winter wheat. The results indicated that the suggested desired gain indices outperform routinely used methods in terms of reaching a favourable balance between the short‐term selection gain, long‐term selection gain, as well as the genetic diversity. They might have beyond that a high prospect for making a broader spectrum of genetic diversity accessible in the framework of germplasm exchange between breeding programmes.
New information about the toxicological profile of Prorocentrum panamense (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae) and its global distribution
Authors: Gaiani Greta , Rey María , Tudó Àngels , Rambla Maria , Diogène Jorge , Campàs Mònica , Alcaraz Carles 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYDinoflagellates of the genera Prorocentrum and Dinophysis are known producers of toxic compounds belonging to the okadaic acid (OA) group. The ingestion of shellfish contaminated with these toxins causes a human disease named diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP). In this study, the first record of Prorocentrum panamense, a potential toxin‐producer species, was reported in the Canary Islands together with its toxicological characterization. Prorocentrum panamense cells were collected during April 2017 from natural pools located in the Northeastern part of Gran Canaria. This new record represents an expansion of P. panamense distribution area, previously restricted to the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arabian Gulf and the Caribbean, and its introduction mechanisms are discussed. Laboratory cultures of P. panamense were settled and toxin production was assessed in both cell pellets and culture media at four different growth phases (latency, exponential, early stationary and late stationary) implementing LC‐MS/MS and neuro‐2a cell‐based assay (CBA). LC‐MS/MS allowed the identification of OA in the fraction corresponding to the late stationary phase, and tests performed on neuro‐2a cells showed, for most of the fractions, OA‐like activity observable by both cell morphology changes and cell mortality. This information is fundamental for a better understanding of the genus Prorocentrum global distribution, its ecology, and risks associated to toxic producing species.
TCP15 interacts with GOLDEN2‐LIKE 1 to control cotyledon opening in Arabidopsis
Authors: Alem Antonela L. , Ariel Federico D. , Cho Yuhan , Hong Jong Chan , Gonzalez Daniel H. , Viola Ivana L. 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYAfter germination, exposure to light promotes the opening and expansion of the cotyledons and the development of the photosynthetic apparatus in a process called de‐etiolation. This process is crucial for seedling establishment and photoautotrophic growth. TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, and PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORS (TCP) transcription factors are important developmental regulators of plant responses to internal and external signals that are grouped into two main classes. In this study, we identified GOLDEN2‐LIKE 1 (GLK1), a key transcriptional regulator of photomorphogenesis, as a protein partner of class I TCPs during light‐induced cotyledon opening and expansion in Arabidopsis. The class I TCP TCP15 and GLK1 are mutually required for cotyledon opening and the induction of SAUR and EXPANSIN genes, involved in cell expansion. TCP15 also participates in the expression of photosynthesis‐associated genes regulated by GLK1, like LHCB1.4 and LHCB2.2. Furthermore, GLK1 and TCP15 bind to the same promoter regions of different target genes containing either GLK or TCP binding motifs and binding of TCP15 is affected in a GLK1‐deficient background, suggesting that a complex between TCP15 and GLK1 participates in the induction of these genes. We postulate that GLK1 helps to recruit TCP15 for the modulation of cell expansion genes in cotyledons and that the functional interaction between these transcription factors may serve to coordinate the expression of cell expansion genes with that of genes involved in the development of the photosynthetic apparatus.
Introgression from Gossypium hirsutum is a driver for population divergence and genetic diversity in Gossypium barbadense
Authors: Wang Pengpeng , Dong Na , Wang Maojun , Sun Gaofei , Jia Yinhua , Geng Xiaoli , Liu Min , Wang Weipeng , Pan Zhaoe , Yang Qiuyue , Li Hongge , Wei Chunyan , Wang Liru , Zheng Hongkun , He Shoupu , Zhang Xianlong , Wang Qinglian , Du Xiongming 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYDuring the domestication and improvement processes, interspecific introgression from Gossypium hirsutum has reorganized the genomic architecture of Gossypium barbadense; however, the introgression details and the trait‐related genetic loci remain largely unknown. Here, we perform a genome‐wide population analysis and genetically recategorize 365 G. barbadense accessions into four subgroups which is different from previous categorizations. A total of 315 introgression events from G. hirsutum to G. barbadense, which primarily contributed to population divergence and agronomic trait variation in G. barbadense, are identified. We find that 70% introgression from G. hirsutum have greatly increased the genetic diversity and divergence of G. barbadense. Some loci are identified with divergent haplotype selection for adaptation to the environment at high latitudes. Through genome‐wide association study and genome linkage disequilibrium interval haplotyping analyses, two fiber micronaire‐related haplotype blocks are detected, one of which (FM2) is introgressed from G. hirsutum. Seven distinguished traits related to growth period, plant architecture, and stronger vegetative growth habit are found to have pleiotropic effects controlled by a single gene in G. barbadense. Thus, this study provides new insights into the breeding history of G. barbadense and highlights introgression is a driver for improving cultivars in G. barbadense.
Assessing antimicrobial resistance occurrence in the Portuguese food system: Poultry, pigs and derived food, 2014–2018
Authors: Costa Miguel , Cardo Miguel , Cara d'Anjo Maria , Leite Andreia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) spread in the food system is a major threat to public and animal health. We describe AMR trends in zoonotic bacteria and identify risk factors associated with AMR occurrence in animals and derived food in Portugal. Data from the Portuguese AMR surveillance programme on food‐producing animals, 2014–2018, were used. AMR frequencies were calculated for Escherichia coli, Campylobacter and Salmonella in broilers, turkeys, pig populations and their derived food products. AMR‐associated factors were studied for Salmonella isolates: population, sampling stage (farm, slaughterhouse and processing plant), sample type (environmental, carcase and food), sampler (HACCP, industry, official and official and industry), sample context (control and eradication programmes and monitoring), year (2014–2018) and season. Logistic regression was applied to estimate crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The final models were obtained using a backward stepwise method. This study included 2,157 Escherichia coli, 561 Campylobacter and 1,071 Salmonella isolates. The highest prevalence estimates amongst tested antimicrobials for each bacterial species in 2014–2018 had the following ranges: (i) (fluoro)quinolones: E. coli: 84%–93%, Campylobacter: 94%–98%; (ii) tetracyclines: E. coli: 68%–91%, Campylobacter: 87%–91%, Salmonella: 72%; (iii) penicillins: E. coli: 82%–100%; (iv) sulphonamides: E. coli: 68%–82%. Compared with the reference categories for host (broiler), year (2014), season (winter) and sampler (HACCP own checks), resistance to at least one antimicrobial in Salmonella was significantly less likely in laying hens (aOR 0.28; 95% CI: 0.18–0.42), 2016 (aOR 0.56; 95% CI: 0.33–0.93), 2017 (aOR 0.29; 95% CI: 0.17–0.51) and 2018 (aOR 0.35; 95% CI: 0.20–0.61), autumn (aOR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.40–0.97) and more likely to occur in broiler products (aOR 5.14; 95% CI: 2.61–10.54), pork products (aOR 6.84; 95% CI: 3.74–12.98) and official and industry combined sampling (aOR 2.16; 95% CI: 1.06–4.47). This study reveals a high prevalence of Salmonella resistance, especially during the summer and in post‐farm stages of the Portuguese food system to nearly all antimicrobials and in the summer in farms to (fluoro)quinolones. Measures to tackle resistance are required.
Emission Characteristics of Agricultural and Industrial Cellulosic Wastes Blended with Gasoline
Authors: Oyelami S , Olafimihan EO , Okedere OB 
Published: February 2022

Agricultural and industrial wastes like sawdust and corncobs are definitely pollutants as they are disposed in dump sites and burnt in open air in most developing countries, like Nigeria. Proper utilization of these wastes could help reduce the environmental pollution arising from wastes disposal and combustion of fuels. Emissions generated from running an internal combustion (IC) engine with blends of gasoline and bio-ethanol produced from these wastes, as well as those of pure gasoline were compared in this work. A gas emission analyzer was placed at the exhaust of the IC engine and the readings were taken for each blend and for each round of testing period. The read out emissions were then compared with each other.Â The range of emissions for carbon monoxide (CO) were 1.45-2.75; 2.10-2.90; 2.00-2.62 and 3.0 % vol., for corncobs bio-ethanol/gasoline, softwood sawdust bio-ethanol/gasoline, hardwood sawdust bio-ethanol/gasoline and pure gasoline samples respectively while the emission ranges for hydrocarbon (HC) were 260-435; 328-360; 313-350 and 480 ppm for the same samples respectively. In the case of carbon dioxide (CO2), the samples gave 2.6-4.0; 2.2-3.9; 3.2-4.2 and 3.0 % vol. emissions. Thus all stakeholders considering the adoption of fuel blends in the countryâ€™s quest for increased energy mix can be properly guided on the pollutants associated with the investigated waste materials. This may help in the choice of appropriate waste to energy.
Evolution of Anand Parameters for Thermally Aged Sn-Ag-Cu Lead-Free Alloys at Low Operating Temperature
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Yadav Vikas , Suhling Jeff , Locker David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In extreme environmental applications, such as aerospace and automotive, electronics may endure high or low operating temperatures during service, handling, and storage. An electronic assembly may experience strain rates of 1–100 per sec of strain and ambient temperatures of –65 to +200 °C. Electronic assembly's temperature depends mainly on location, energy dissipation, and thermal architecture. Electronic assemblies in automotive applications may be located underhood, on engine, on-transmission, and or in wheel well. Study of property evolution of solders used for interconnection is important for assurance of reliability. Degradation in material properties for lead-free solder alloys can be caused by change in microstructure due to variation in temperatures. There is need for data on the effect of operating period and operating conditions on the material properties. Addition of dopants in Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) alloys has been shown to improve mechanical properties and minimize deterioration due to aging at lower strain rates. SAC-Q is formulated with Sn-Ag-Cu with addition of Bi (SAC+Bi). It has been observed that adding Bismuth (Bi) to SAC alloy can play an important role to make the solder alloy resistant to aging-induced degradations. In author's prior research the evolution of Anand parameters and materials properties for SAC solder (SAC105, SAC305, and SAC-Q) at high temperatures and high strain rates has been studied. However, data on thermally aged SAC solder alloys at high strain rate levels at low operating temperatures are not available in published literature. In this paper, materials characterization of thermally aged SAC (SAC105 and SAC-Q) solder at low operating temperatures (−65 °C to 0 °C) and at high strain rates (10–75 per sec) has been studied. Stress–strain curves have been measured at low operating temperatures using impact hammer-based tensile tests with cooling chamber. The fabricated SAC lead-free solder specimen was isothermally aged up to 6 months at 50 °C before testing. Anand viscoplastic model has been used to compute nine Anand parameters to describe the material constitutive behavior. Anand Model parameters evolution due to thermal aging has been studied for SAC solders. The computed nine Anand parameters from experimental data then were used to simulate the tensile test to predict the stress–strain curve and compared to experimental stress–strain curves to verify the accuracy of the model. A good correlation was found between experimental data and Anand-predicted data.