bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body size determines multitrophic soil microbiota community assembly associated with soil and plant attributes in a tropical seasonal rainforest
Authors: Wang Wenting , Sun Zhenhua , Mishra Sandhya , Xia Shangwen , Lin Luxiang , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo understand soil biodiversity we need to know how soil communities are assembled. However, the relationship between soil community assembly and environmental factors, and the linkages between soil microbiota taxonomic groups and their body sizes, remain unexplored in tropical seasonal rainforests. Systematic and stratified random sampling was used to collect 243 soil and organism samples across a 20‐ha plot in a tropical seasonal rainforest in southwestern China. High‐throughput sequencing, variation analysis and principal coordinates of neighbourhood matrices were performed. Soil community composition, spatial distribution and assembly processes based on propagule size (including archaea, bacteria, fungi and nematodes) were investigated. The results showed that: (i) the community assembly of small soil microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) was mostly influenced by stochastic processes while that of larger soil organisms (nematodes) was more deterministic; (ii) the independent effects of habitat (including soil and topographic variables) and its interaction with plant attributes for community structure significantly decreased with increasing body size; and (iii) plant leaf phosphorus directly influenced the spatial distribution of soil‐available phosphorus, which indicates their indirect impact on the assembly of the soil communities. Our data suggest that the assembly of multitrophic soil communities can be explained to some extent by changes in above‐ground plant attributes. This highlights the importance of above‐ and below‐ground linkages in influencing multitrophic soil microbiota community assembly.
Quantitative oral health assessments in mechanically ventilated patients: A scoping review
Authors: Causey Christine , El Karim Ikhlas , Blackwood Bronagh , McAuley Daniel F. , Lundy Fionnuala T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundOral health is a key contributor to a person's overall health. Previous studies indicate that oral health deteriorates throughout ventilation and may contribute to the development of ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP). Oral health at the time of initial ventilation may impact on this deterioration.AimsTo determine the quantitative clinical assessment methods used to measure oral health and what is currently known regarding the oral health of patients at the time of initial ventilation.Study DesignA systematic literature search using electronic bibliographic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library was undertaken for this scoping review. Studies were included if patients were >18 years old and mechanically ventilated for <48 h at the time of the first oral assessment.ResultsIn total, 12 studies were included. The review demonstrates a limited understanding of clinical oral health at the time of initial ventilation. Significant variation in both assessment methods and reporting of oral health makes comparison of results difficult resulting in a poor overall understanding of oral health at the time of intubation.ConclusionStandardized assessment and reporting methods may improve clinical application of findings and help direct future research. We suggest developing a core outcome set to ensure consistent use of assessment tools as well as standardized reporting of results.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIt is essential that a good understanding of oral health at the time of initial ventilation is gained so that patients receive more targeted oral hygiene intervention in ICU, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.
Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Adjusted Restricted Kinematic Alignment for the Treatment of Severe Varus Deformity: Technical Note
Authors: Zheng Kai , Zhu Feng , Zhang Weicheng , Sun Houyi , Zhou Jun , Li Rongqun , Xu Yaozeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a new alignment technique of adjusted restricted kinematic alignment (arKA) for the treatment of severe varus deformity in total knee arthroplasty.MethodsThree female patients (three severe varus knees) who underwent navigation‐assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using arKA from April 2020 to September 2020 were included in this study, with an average age of 71.33 years (range, 61 to 80 years). General anesthesia was given to all patients. Intraoperative observations including tibia resection angle, frontal femoral angle, axial femoral angle, medial and lateral gap in the extension and flexion positions and joint line translation were recorded. Also, operation duration and drainage volume were recorded. Radiographic parameters including the mechanical axis (α), coronal femoral component angle (β), coronal tibial component angle (γ), sagittal femoral component angle (δ), tibial posterior slope angle (ε), femoral‐patella angle (θ), and femoral notching were assessed. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Score. Both individual and mean measurement data were displayed.ResultsThe mean tibial resection was 4.00° varus (range, 3° to 5°), and the mean frontal femoral angle was 3.67° varus (range, 3° to 4°) in extension. The flexion lateral gap was wider than the medial gap with a mean laxity of 1.34 mm. Moreover, the mean axial femoral angle was 2.67° external (range, 0° to 6°) in flexion, and the mean joint line translation was 1.00 mm proximal (range, 0 to 3 mm). In addition, the mean preoperative mechanical axis was 156.22° (range, 153.65° to 158.90°) and the mean postoperative mechanical axis was 174.04° (range, 173.83° to 174.17°) with a mean correction of 17.82°. The mean femoral angle was 92.60° (range, 91.29° to 93.30°) and the mean tibial angle was 86.95° (range, 86.83° to 87.04°) in coronal plane. The HSS score improved from an average of 46.67 points (range, 42 to 51) preoperatively to 83.67 points (range, 81 to 86) at 3 months postoperatively. The mean WOMAC score was 16.33 points at 3 months postoperatively.ConclusionsThe new alignment technique of arKA aims to balance the flexion and extension gap without extensive releases of soft tissue and restore the native pre‐arthritic alignment, may be a promising alignment strategy for treating severe varus deformity. However, further study and comparison with other alignment techniques is needed.
Modulation of plant development and chilling stress responses by alternative splicing events under control of the spliceosome protein SmEb in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Zhen , Hong Yechun , Yao Juanjuan , Huang Huan , Qian Bilian , Liu Xue , Chen Yunjuan , Pang Jia , Zhan Xiangqiang , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Zhu Jianhua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCold stress resulting from chilling and freezing temperatures substantially inhibits plant growth and reduces crop production worldwide. Tremendous research efforts have been focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of freezing tolerance in plants. However, little is known about the molecular nature of chilling stress responses in plants. Here we found that two allelic mutants in a spliceosome component gene SmEb (smeb‐1 and smeb‐2) are defective in development and responses to chilling stress. RNA‐seq analysis revealed that SmEb controls the splicing of many pre‐messenger RNAs (mRNAs) under chilling stress. Our results suggest that SmEb is important to maintain proper ratio of the two COP1 splicing variants (COP1a/COP1b) to fine tune the level of HY5. In addition, the transcription factor BES1 shows a dramatic defect in pre‐mRNA splicing in the smeb mutants. Ectopic expression of the two BES1 splicing variants enhances the chilling sensitivity of the smeb‐1 mutant. Furthermore, biochemical and genetic analysis showed that CBFs act as negative upstream regulators of SmEb by directly suppressing its transcription. Together, our results demonstrate that proper alternative splicing of pre‐mRNAs controlled by the spliceosome component SmEb is critical for plant development and chilling stress responses.
Blood pressure and coeliac artery blood flow responses during increased inspiratory muscle work in healthy males
Authors: Shiozawa Kana , Kashima Hideaki , Mizuno Sahiro , Ishida Koji , Katayama Keisho 
Published: June 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Increased work of breathing and the accumulation of metabolites have neural and cardiovascular consequences through a respiratory muscle‐induced metaboreflex. The influence of the respiratory muscle‐induced metaboreflex on splanchnic blood flow in humans remains unknown.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Coeliac artery blood flow decreased gradually during inspiratory resistive breathing, accompanied by a progressive increase in arterial blood pressure. It is possible that the respiratory muscle‐induced metaboreflex contributes to splanchnic blood flow regulation.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of increasing inspiratory muscle work on coeliac artery blood flow. Eleven healthy young males completed the study. The subjects performed voluntary hyperventilation with or without inspiratory resistance (loading or non‐loading trial; tidal volume of 40% of vital capacity and breathing frequency of 20 breaths/min). The loading trial was conducted with inspiratory resistance (40% of maximal inspiratory pressure) and was terminated when the subjects could no longer maintain the target tidal volume or breathing frequency. The non‐loading trial was conducted without inspiratory resistance and was of the same duration as the loading trial. Arterial blood pressure was recorded using finger photoplethysmography, and coeliac artery blood flow was measured using Doppler ultrasound. Mean arterial blood pressure increased gradually during the loading trial (mean ± SD; from 89.0 ± 10.8 to 103.9 ± 17.3 mmHg) but not in the non‐loading trial (from 88.7 ± 5.9 to 90.4 ± 9.9 mmHg). Coeliac artery blood flow and coeliac vascular conductance decreased gradually during the loading trial (from 601.2 ± 155.7 to 482.6 ± 149.5 mL/min and from 6.9 ± 2.2 to 4.8 ± 1.7 mL/min/mmHg, respectively) but were unchanged in the non‐loading trial (from 630.7 ± 157.1 to 635.6 ± 195.7 mL/min and from 7.1 ± 1.8 to 7.2 ± 2.9 mL/min/mmHg, respectively). These results show that increasing inspiratory muscle work affects splanchnic blood flow regulation, and we suggest that this might be mediated by the inspiratory muscle‐induced metaboreflex.
Activity Recognition With Machine Learning in Manual Grinding
Authors: Dörr Matthias , Spoden Frederik , Matthiesen Sven , Gwosch Thomas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Capturing data about manual processes and manual machining steps is important in manufacturing for better traceability, optimization, and better planning. Current manufacturing research focuses on sensor-based recognition of manual activities across multiple tools or power tools, but little on recognition within a versatile power tool type. Due to the strong influence of operator skill on process performance and consistency as well as many disturbance variables, activity recognition is a challenge in manual grinding. It is unclear how accurately manual activities can be recognized within one handheld grinder type across diverse trials. Therefore, this article investigates how manual activities can be recognized in diverse trials within an angle grinder type in a leave-one-trial-out cross-validation in comparison to classical cross-validation to identify the effect of diverse trials with four different classifies. An experimental study was conducted to collect measurement data with data loggers attached to two angle grinders, four manual activities with different abrasive tools, and three operators. Results show very good accuracies (97.68%) with cross-validation and worse accuracies (70.48%) with leave-one-trial-out cross-validation for the ensemble learning classifier. This means that recognition of the four chosen manual activities within an angle grinder is feasible but depends on how much the trial deviates from the reference training data. For further research on activity recognition in manual manufacturing, we propose the explicit consideration and evaluation of disturbance variables and diversity in data collection for the training of machine learning models.
Analysis of Flow Maldistribution in Compact Heat Exchangers
Authors: Strobel M. , Mortean M. V. V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Most theoretical models related to thermal performance and the evaluation of pressure drop on compact heat exchangers, consider that the mass flow rate is constant and equal in all core channels. However, this hypothesis in some situations is erroneous, the effect of fluid maldistribution affects heat exchangers performance. Therefore, in the present work, an analysis of the phenomenon of fluid maldistribution in headers was performed. Experimental tests were carried out on polymeric headers, using Polyamide 2200, in order to evaluate the fluid nonuniformity. The tests were carried out with compressed air at room temperature in a wide range of mass flow rate totaling 300 experimental data. A theoretical model was used to predict the fluid maldistribution level inside the header. Based on the coefficient of variation (CoV), the presence of fluid maldistribution for low flows was verified. Besides, a new theoretical model, the standard deviation of fluid nonuniformity (σ), based on the shape factor (SF), was presented to measure maldistribution level without experimental tests. The proposed model proved to be efficient to predict the fluid nonuniformity inside the header, presenting an average error of 18% in comparison to the CoV.
An Exploration of the Application to Buildings of an Organic Rankine Cycle Power Generation System Driven by Solar Evacuated Glass Tubes
Authors: Sheng Ying , Han Wei , He Zhanghong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Solar technologies are an efficient means of addressing environmental pollution and climate change challenges. In this study, an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system driven by solar evacuated glass tubes named solar water power generation (SWPG) system was experimentally investigated to explore the performance of the SWPG system in powering buildings. For ORC, a new mixture called TD-3 was introduced for the experiment after comparing the thermodynamic characteristics of five working fluids using refprop software. The solar radiation intensity was simulated for solar collectors to determine the best installation angle of the evacuated glass tubes to be 30 deg in Tianjin, China. The power generating efficiency was tested as high as 4.5% at 1:00 pm on July 15. The optimization of operating parameters and the modification of generating equipment contributed to the increase in power generation. The SWPG system could achieve an optimal power output when the system guaranteed a small superheat and no more than 3 °C subcooling using the TD-3. The transmission ratio between the generator and expander also impacted power generation that the ratio of 2:1 helped optimize the power generation.
Tribological Properties of Cu–25Zn–5Al–3Fe–3Mn Alloy at High Temperatures
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Chen Wenyuan , Zhu Shengyu , Cheng Jun , Tan Hui , Yang Jun 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
High-strength Cu–25Zn–5Al–3Fe–3Mn brass has broad applications as a wear-resistant copper alloy, while its tribological behavior at high temperatures has not yet been well investigated. In this paper, the tribological behavior of Cu–25Zn–5Al–3Fe–3Mn alloy was investigated at room temperature –500 °C coupled with AISI 316L and AISI 440C stainless steel. The effects of test temperatures and counterparts on its tribological properties were systemically discussed. The results indicate that the friction and wear behavior are largely dependent on the test temperatures and counterparts. And there exists a clear distinction in the friction and wear behavior when the alloy sliding against different counterparts at RT–500 °C. The tribological properties of the alloy depend on the counterparts at RT–200 °C due to that the main wear mechanism is abrasive wear for Cu/316L pairs and plastic deformation for Cu/440C pairs. When the test temperature exceeds 300 °C, the adhesive wear is main wear mechanism. The softening resistance and oxidation process is decisive for the high temperatures tribological behavior.
Dynamic Amplification of Transit Loads due to Derailment Impact
Authors: Lobo John A. , MacNeill Robert 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This work presents the results of a study on the amplification of live load in the vertical direction due to derailment of a train, i.e. derailment impact. The study was performed using numerical models based on a single span precast prestressed concrete girder bridge, with a range of typical stiffness values. Two representative transit vehicles were considered. The transit vehicles were modeled in LS-DYNA, accounting for all geometry, stiffness and damping of the car body and suspension system. The bridge was idealized as a spring-supported rigid surface, with the spring stiffness related to the computed stiffness of the full composite bridge structure. The model simulated the condition of the vehicle derailing and falling vertically through the height of rail and supporting plinth to impact the deck of the bridge. Two different drops were considered, representing the height of rail only and height of rail plus plinth structure. Derailment impact was estimated as the difference between effects of the static load applied to the rails and the dynamic force due to the derailed vehicle impacting the deck. The study also examined the effects of structure stiffness by considering two additional values of stiffness values, representing the range of stiffness expected in typical transit structures. The results showed that the peak amplification of live load due to derailment varied from 300% to 625% over the range of stiffness and vertical train drop considered. The results are based on simplified conditions and compare only peak amplification but are high enough to warrant a more detailed examination of and approach to the derailment forces currently used in North American codes to determine more accurate loads.
Agile Model-Based Systems Engineering of Passenger Train Operational Design
Authors: Barrett Josh , Wang Nan , Carricajo Clara , Dalbavie Jeanne-Marie 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Railway industry is facing a productivity issue as is often publicised with regular delays in rolling stock projects [1]. Plus, there is a growing need for innovation in remote services and management that have become the new normal during the COVID-19 pandemic. It drives a need for better Systems Engineering (SE) methods which include increased automation and dependence between systems and system performance, increasing number of disparate specialist engineering teams. [2] The aim of this paper is to develop an adaptable model which expresses the operational behavior of a train system in different railway environments, this model will be quickly and accurately configured to a specific environment to define the needs for a specific passenger service mission. Preventing late changes (cost and time-saving) by generating the right system requirements at the very early design phase through agile Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach is the key benefit. Another goal includes increased productivity by minimizing unnecessary manual transcription of concepts when coordinating the work of large teams. This Generic* functional model of a Rolling Stock system can be configured to define specific products for an operator or Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM).
Wear Depth Analysis for Rail-Car Wheels: Case of Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit Service
Authors: Abubeker Samrawit , Nkundineza Celestin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Railway transportation is a superior mean of all modes of transport. Specifically, it has gained a crucial role in limiting traffic congestion in heavily crowded regions and in reducing polluting carbon emissions. In this perspective, rolling contact fatigue of railway components is the most crucial subject because it has an important role in determining the operational reliability of the wheel/rail system. Because of wheel wear, wheel re-profiling is usually required for proper wheel-rail interaction. However, wheel re-profiling reduces the wheel radius and increase flange thickness. Therefore, the strain energy density in the wheel tread is expected to increase while the strain energy on the flange is expected to decrease in the re-profiled wheel. This effect would either increase or decrease the life of the wheel depending on reprofiling frequency is done. On the other hand, the maintenance costs are expected to increase as the re-profiling frequency increases. For quality service and improvement of the service life of the railway wheels, with reduction of the maintenance cost, a problem-solving research idea is formulated through comparing the expected wear depth and the current operational wear depth. Therefore, this study is focused on the influence of reprofiling on the wear depth of a railway wheel. The adopted method in this study is based on analyzing reprofiling data of worn-out non- re-profiled and re-profiled railway wheel. A case study is taken at Addis Ababa Light Rail Transit Service (AALRTS). The wheel profiles are generated through measurement before and after profiling at AALRTS. In a single pair of models of a worn-out wheel and a reprofiled one, the results show that the re-profiling process affects the wear depth. It increases by 18 mm after 75028 km while the expected wear depth is 1.43 mm for the same mileage.
A Cyber-Physical Security Framework for Rail Transportation Data Systems
Authors: Aziminejad Arash 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The rail transport networks have become overwhelmingly digital, with a diverse range of data traffic flowing across systems to track, monitor, and control both electronic/electrical and mechanical subsystems. Introduction of advanced electronic platforms and communications across networks supporting mission-critical public services have significantly emphasized the challenge for detection, containment, and remediation of possible disruptions. Moreover, as the tendency for Internet-of-Things grows among field hardware and control systems, the added vulnerabilities further augment the potential for availability outages and hostile or non-premeditated disruptions to physical assets. Hence, there is a need to develop a cyber-physical perspective to analyze and assess cross-domain attack/defense scenarios and intricate physical repercussions of cyber breaches.
The presented research aims to elaborate on characteristics of a comprehensive, holistic, and integrated cyber-physical framework in the context of rail transportation, where instead of the traditional data protection and privacy concerns, the focus revolves around safety-oriented operational resilience and integrity. As a main contribution of the research, the planning challenges involved with implementation of an enterprise-wide cybersecurity vulnerability management methodology are investigated at both strategic and tactical levels. Based on lessons learned from practical real-life project scenarios, best practices recommendations are proposed to mitigate the cyber risk more efficiently and enhance safety, availability, and integrity of the protected network and physical assets.