bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Thinning of Peach Fruits with CGA 15281 and CGA 178561
Authors: Byers R. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Beta-chloroethyl-methyl-bis-benzyloxy-silane (CGA 15281) was applied to 6 Eastern U.S. grown peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) cultivars. Thinning response varied considerably with cultivar, timing, concentration and year. Unpredictable and commercially unacceptable leaf abscission occurred with most cultivars during the three-year period. Adequate thinning was achieved without excessive leaf abscission (10% or less) with only one treatment on 3 cultivars (‘Redhaven’, ‘Loring’, and ‘Sunhigh’) during the 3-year period. Reproducibility between years was not good. Unpruned trees or long 2-year-old limbs lost a greater portion of fruit at the base of shoots and on the interior of the trees than trees pruned to a uniform shoot length. The thinning response to CGA 17856 (an analogue of CGA 15281) was compared to the same rate of CGA 15281 on 5 cultivars. A tendency to greater leaf abscission was observed with CGA 17856.
Yield and Secondary Root Growth of Carrots as Influenced by Tillage System, Cultivation, and Irrigation1
Authors: Orzolek M. D. , Carroll R. B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There were no significant yield differences among tillage systems of carrots (Daucus carota L. cv. Danvers 126) planted into a rye mulch, soybean stubble, and conventionally tilled plots. Secondary root growth of carrot was greater in soybean than either rye or conventionally-tilled carrot plots. Irrigation decreased secondary root growth in conventional tilled and rye mulch plots, but not in the soybean stubble.
Nitrate Reduction in Leaves of Grapevine and Other Fruit Trees1
Authors: Pérez J. R. , Kliewer W. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Optimum conditions for in vivo activity of nitrate reductase (NR) from grape leaves (Vitis vinifera L.) were pH 7.5, 100 mm NO3 substrate, and incubation at 40°C. Pretreatment with low concentrations of NO3 (0.05m) at room temperature did not increase activity substantially.
Induction of NR by NO3 substrate was investigated. Enzyme activity was maximum at the highest NO3 levels.
Intact-tissue assay detected NR in mature leaves of grapevines, walnut (Junglans regia L.), plum (Prunus domestica L.), pears (Pyrus communis L.), and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) grown under field conditions. In addition, a particulate NR was demonstrated in walnuts and grapevine leaves by in vitro assay.
Fruit Set of ‘Italian’ Prune Following Fall Foliar and Spring Boron Sprays1
Authors: Callan Nancy W. , Thompson Maxine M. , Chaplin M. H. , Stebbins R. L. , Westwood M. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A pre- or postharvest foliar B application was found to increase fruit set of ‘Italian’ prune (Prunus domestica L.). A prebloom B spray failed to increase set. Neither fall nor spring applications influenced the amount of fruit lost in the midsummer or “blue” drop. All trees involved in the experiment had adequate B by the standard index of tree nutrition, August mid-shoot leaf analysis. Incipient B deficiency did not appear to be involved.
Fall foliar B increased B levels in dormant bud and spur tissues and in flower buds and flowers. A prebloom B spray increased B levels of floral tissues to a lesser degree. The highest B concentration was found in the ovary. Boron concentration in flower buds in April following a fall B spray was as much as five times the amount found in mid-shoot leaves in August. August mid-shoot leaf analysis revealed higher levels in leaves from trees treated the previous fall in only one of the 2 years.
Several morphological and physiological effects of the fall B spray were observed. Among these were a slight delay in the time of bud break, a decrease in the size of flower buds and mature flowers accompanied by reduction of style and pedicel length, and a decrease in pollen germinability. B level of pistil and pollen had no effect on in vivo pollen tube growth rate.
Effect of Growth Regulators in Branching, Flowering, and Fruit Development of Ornamental Pepper (Capsicum annum L.)
Authors: Khademi M. , Khosh-Khui M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the paper entitled “Effect of Growth Regulators in Branching, Flowering, and Fruit Development of Ornamental Pepper (Capsicum annum L.)” by M. Khademi and M. Khosh-Khui (J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 102(6).796-798. 1977) the description for Figure 1 should read “C1 is control and C2 to C4 represent 300,600, 900 ppm ethephon, 400, 800, 1200 BA, and 50,100, 150 ppm IAA, respectively.”
Time-dependent Coagulation of Young Shoot Homogenates of Citrus1
Authors: Esen Asim , Soost R. K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Young shoot homogenates from some noncoagulating taxa coagulated either within 5 or 30 minutes depending on the taxon; others did not coagulate even after 30 minutes. Such time-dependent coagulation behavior or its absence is taxon-specific and appears to have uses as an additional marker in taxonomic and genetic studies in Citrus and to identify zygotic and maternal seedlings from crosses of 2 polyembryonic cultivars if the parents have the contrasting traits. Genetic data obtained from two F1 populations, an F2 population, and a presumed back-cross indicate that the character may be controlled either by 1 or 2 gene pairs.
Evaluation of Different Methods to Assess Cold Hardiness of Peach Trees1
Authors: Yadava U. L. , Doud S. L. , Weaver D. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The reliability, capability to predict survival, and convenience of 5 cold hardiness tests — triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction (TTC), electrolytic conductance (EC), ninhydrin-reactive compounds (NRC), trunk cambial browning (TCB), and bacterial canker development (BCD) — were evaluated using previous season's twigs of ‘Redhaven’ peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) during the 1976-77 dormancy season. TTC, NRC, and EC were all significantly correlated with TCB as well as percent tree survival (PTS) in the field, and thus proved to be quantitative, reliable and capable of predicting survival at a later date. No statistical correlation was found between BCD and other hardiness tests.
The Potential Use of Antitranspirants in the Greenhouse Production of Chrysanthemum1
Authors: Martin John D. , Link Conrad B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three film-forming antitranspirants were applied to potted chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) under greenhouse conditions from the time of potting rooted cuttings to saleable size. Folicote (a hydrocarbon wax emulsion of essentially fully refined paraffin) reduced water loss by an average of 39% and by as much as 65%, but generally detracted from plant appearance, delayed flowering, depressed fresh and dry weight, decreased flower size, increased height and reduced leaf area. While Clear Spray (a lateral based emulsion of undefined composition) and Wilt Pruf NCF (whose active ingredient is a polyterpene compound, Pinolene) reduced water loss 8 and 11% respectively, their side effects were less deleterious and, in a few cases, beneficial. Effects of antitranspirants under summer greenhouse conditions appeared to be of a greater magnitude than during a cooler season of the year.
Hybridization Among Diploid and Tetraploid Forms of New Guinea, Java, and Celebes Impatiens spp.1
Authors: Arisumi Toru 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Interspecific hybrids were synthesized by intercrossing diploid and tetraploid of Impatiens spp. from New Guinea (2x=32), Java (2x=16), and Celebes (2x=8). Breeding analysis of the intra- and interploidy crosses showed that the species functioned as diploids in relation to each other. Diploid by tetraploid crosses produced little or no seed, and with few exceptions the triploid seedlings were sterile. All but 2 out of 43 seifs and reciprocal crosses among tetraploids produced viable seed. Amphidiploid and autotetraploid seedlings were pollen and seed fertile. Allotetraploids composed of 2 or 3 genomes in various unequal combinations and those with 4 genomes were pollen and seed sterile or nearly so. Most of the 3 and 4 allopolyploids were ornamentally inferior to the diploid and amphidiploid hybrids. New Guinea flower colors were recessive to those of Java and Celebes. The hybrid phenotypes were midparental for most traits and in some cases exhibited dosage effects. Some hybrids were superior to both parents in certain ornamentally important attributes.
Growth and Yield of Crops Treated with Triacontanol1
Authors: Ries Stanley K. , Richman Terry L. , Wert Violet F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The growth of several vegetable and field crops in the greenhouse was increased by applications of 1-triacontanol to the foliage, soil, or seed. Neither the seed nor soil treatments increased the yield of crops in the field. However, foliar sprays ranging from 5 to 500 mg/ha significantly increased the marketable yield of 7 of 10 crops tested. The average yield increase was based on comparisons of all the different rates and time of 1-triacontanol applications with untreated controls. The response of tomato, carrot and wheat seed treatments with 1-triacontanol was shown to be positively correlated with temperature at time of germination and early growth.
Apple Fruit β-galactosidase and Softening in Storage1
Authors: Wallner Stephen J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fruit softening of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and the activity of β-galactosidase in 0.5 m citrate extracts of fruit cortex were compared for ‘Lodi’, ‘McIntosh’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘York Imperial’ during storage at 0° or 3.3°, 10.0°, and 18.3°C. Enzyme activity per g fresh weight increased as fruits softened, but specific activity did not change. Cell wall galactose content also decreased during softening. The decrease in wall galactose was least in ‘Lodi’ which contained the lowest β-galactosidase activity. ‘York Imperial’ which softened most slowly showed the highest β-galactosidase activity at harvest and throughout storage. Concentrated enzyme preparations did not release measurable amounts of reducing sugar, uronic acid, or neutral hexose from isolated cell walls.
Effects of Harvest Date and Ethylene Concentration in Controlled Atmosphere Storage on the Quality of ‘McIntosh’ Apples1
Authors: Liu F. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘McIntosh’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were harvested on 3 different dates and stored in controlled atmosphere (CA) storage with less than 1, 10 or 500 ppm ethylene. After 5 and 8 months of storage the fruits which had been harvested 5 to 6 days before the onset of the climacteric were less ripe and had less breakdown than fruits harvested after the onset of the climacteric. The fruits harvested at the preclimacteric stage had either comparable or slightly better eating quality but less red color than fruits harvested later. High levels of ethylene had slight but statistically significant negative effects on firmness and acidity of early harvested fruits judged by sensory evaluation after 5-month storage plus 7-day holding and by objective evaluation after 8-month storage plus 1- or 7-day holding at 21°C. An attempt was made to find a method to estimate the physiological age of preclimacteric apples. The minimum treatment time required for 10 ppm ethylene to trigger the onset of the climacteric at 21°C is judged to be promising.
Residues of Acephate and Methamidophos in Greenhouse Tomatoes1
Authors: Leidy R. B. , Sheets T. J. , Sorensen K. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Acephate was applied to greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as single and multiple applications, and residues on the fruits were determined several times after treatment. Immediately after application, residues of acephate averaged 0.46, 0.83, and 1.81 ppm for plots receiving 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg/930 liter solutions, respectively. By day 7 residues of acephate, averaged over all rates, were 5.4% of day 0 values. Residues of methamidophos, a metabolite of acephate, were detected in all samples except those for day 0, but differences between rates and days after application were not significant. A statistical comparison of residue data showed that total residues (acephate plus methamidophos) were significantly greater after spraying once a week for 4 weeks than after a single application.
Inhibition of Ripening Processes in Pears by Inhibitors of Cyanide-resistant Respiration and by Silver1
Authors: Janes Harry W. , Frenkel Chaim 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Various concentrations of salicylhydroxamic acid and alpha, alpha-dipyridyl (reported inhibitors of cyanide-insensitive respiration) applied to fruit of ‘Bose’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) reduced fruit softening. The application of silver ions, reported to inhibit ethylene action, delayed ripening.
Response of Cole Crops to Combinations of Herbicides and Insecticides 1
Authors: Freeman Jack A. , Finlayson D. G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Over a 6-year period (1969-1974) the efficacy of 3 insecticides and 24 herbicides and their interactions in combination were investigated when applied to field-seeded broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica group), cabbage (Capitata group) and cauliflower (Botrytis group). Of these, broccoli was the most susceptible to injury. Of 212 herbicide-insecticide combinations, 26 caused phytotoxic symptoms in broccoli, 20 in cabbage and 8 in cauliflower. The insecticides, thionazin, fensulfothion and carbofuran, were each involved in 1 or more phytotoxic combinations in each of the 3 crops. Ten herbicides were involved in phytotoxic reactions: alachlor, aziprotryn, benefin, CDEC, chlorpropham, cycloate, prometryne, propachlor, prynachlor and PP493. Root maggot damage was reduced markedly by the insecticides. Carbofuran allowed less damage than either fensulfothion or thionazin. None of the herbicides showed any insecticidal properties, and some decreased the effectiveness of the insecticides.
Variability in Noninfectious Bud-failure of ‘Nonpareil’ Almond. II. Propagation Source1
Authors: Kester Dale E. , Asay R. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Different propagation sources within ‘Nonpareil’ almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) showed wide differences in susceptibility to noninfectious bud-failure (BF). Seven years observations in a high temperature test location showed a range in BF-susceptibility from 0 to 100% depending on the source tree used for budwood. Selection of individual symptomless source trees resulted in separate clones that produced either no BF or high uniform percentages of BF-trees. Such single tree selection is a basis for selecting BF-resistance within cultivars. The nursery sources studied showed percentages from 0 to 62% suggesting that mixtures of normal and BF susceptible plants existed within the propagation sources. Propagation material randomly sampled from 10-year-old symptomless orchard trees from a hot summer location produced significantly higher percentages of BF trees in 6 years (2.3%) than propagation material from a cooler location (1.2%).
Ethylene in fruits of blackberry and rabbiteye blueberry
Authors: Lipe John A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the paper, Ethylene in fruits of blackberry and rabbiteye blueberry by John A. Lipe (J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 103(1):76-77, 1978), the ethylene concentration in the text expressed as mg/liter should be μl/liter or ppm.
Modification of Cucumber Response to Seed Grading and Nitrogen Source by Soil Compaction1
Authors: Smittle D. A. , Williamson R. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Removal of 20% of the seed of a commercial ‘Poinsett’ seed lot in a vertical air column increased the mean thickness and weight of the remaining seed. Fruit yield was increased by use of thicker, heavier seed when yield potential was not limited by high soil strengths. Seed grading effect on cucumber yield was less when either soil compaction or climactic conditions reduced yield potential. A combination of both yield limiting factors eliminated seed grading effect. Yield response to source of nitrogen was different when cucumbers were grown on compacted and noncompacted seedbeds. An interaction of seed grade, nitrogen source and seedbed compaction on marketable fruit yield was found.
Responses of Scab-resistant Derivatives of Malus Species to Infection with Common Viruses1
Authors: Cummins J. N. , Lamb R. C. , Welsh M. F. , Gilmer R. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Of 31 preliminary selections from the Geneva scab-resistance apple breeding program inoculated with apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (CLSV), 18 clones exhibited sensitivity during the first 2 growing seasons. Six advanced selections, all derivatives of the virus-sensitive Malus floribunda 821, were inoculated with CLSV or with a combination of other graft-transmissible agents that occur commonly as latent infections in apple. None of the 6 exhibited visible symptoms associated with virus content during 3 growing seasons; growth of 1 selection was slightly depressed. In a 3rd test, 1 of 7 advanced selections derived from M. floribunda exhibited depressed growth in an orchard trial on virus-infected Mailing (M) 9 rootstocks, compared to growth on virus-free M 9.
Insect Resistance as an Adjunct or Alternative to Insecticides for Control of Sweet Potato Soil Insects1
Authors: Cuthbert F. P. , Jones Alfred 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Insect resistance in sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) was more effective than fonofos, O-ethyl-S-phenylethylphosphonodithioate, in reducing insect injury to the roots. The most recent resistant line tested did not sustain economic injury from relatively high insect infestations even without the protection of an insecticide. Fonofos at 2.24 and 4.48 kg/ha did not prevent economic injury to the susceptible ‘Goldrush’.
Silver Ion Inhibits Ethylene Synthesis and Action in Ripening Fruits1
Authors: Saltveit Mikal E. , Bradford Kent J. , Dilley David R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ag(I), applied in aqueous solution as AgNO3, inhibited ethylene synthesis and ripening of mature green banana fruit slices and pericarp discs of mature green tomato fruit. It also inhibited ethylene production by cortical tissue from post-climacteric apples. Concentrations of Ag(I) which reduced ethylene synthesis had an inconsistent effect on CO2 production: no effect on banana slices (1.0 mm Ag+), stimulation in apple tissue (0.1 mm Ag+), and inhibition in tomato tissue (0.3 mm Ag+). This was accompanied by a slight amount of tissue necrosis at these concentrations. Of the 7 metallic salts tested, only Ag(I) inhibited ripening and ethylene synthesis at observed non-phytotoxic levels. Inhibition of ripening and ethylene synthesis by Ag(I) was evident in tissue treated with sufficient exogenous ethylene to elicit both responses in control tissue. The inability of applied ethylene to overcome the inhibitory effect of Ag(I) suggests that the silver ion may interfere with the primary action of ethylene in the tissue.
Shoot Apex Development and Rooting of Pinus strobus L. by Dwarf Shoots1
Authors: Cohen Michael A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Foliar applications of benzyladenine (BA) increased bud development of dwarf shoots of Pinus strobus L. When compared to dikegulac-sodium (Atrinal), pyranybenzyladenine (PBA), gibberellic acid (GA3), or pinching. Differences in rate of application of BA were not significant. Vegetative propagation of dwarf shoots varied between individual clones and between years.
Seasonal Variation in Nitrate Uptake Efficiency and Distribution of Absorbed Nitrogen in Non-bearing Prune Trees1
Authors: Weinbaum S. A. , Merwin M. L. , Muraoka T. T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Non-bearing prune (Prunus domestica L. cv. Agen) trees were fertilized with 15N-KNO3 for 10 days during 9 phenological periods. Nitrate uptake efficienty (NUE) and the distribution of absorbed 15N in the trees were determined for each of these application periods. Nitrate uptake was dependent on presence of leaves, and NUE was low from the period of natural leaf fall until shoot growth had commenced the following spring. NUE increased dramatically during the rapid phase of shoot elongation, and remained high until leaf fall. Nitrogen absorbed from fertilizer was rapidly mobilized by swelling buds and rapidly elongating shoots. The spring flush of vegetative growth utilized both the currently available fertilizer (15N) nitrogen and tree nitrogen reserves. Rapid shoot elongation was primarily dependent, however, on the redistribution of storage N.
Stunting of Citrus Seedlings in Fumigated Soils in Texas and its Correction by Phosphorus Fertilization and Inoculation with Mycorrhizal Fungi1
Authors: Timmer L. W. , Leyden R. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Stunting of sour orange seedlings was observed in seedbeds which had been fumigated chemically, heat-treated, or planted in soil-less media. Mycorrhizae were consistently absent from stunted seedlings and present in vigorous seedlings in seedbeds and nurseries and also present in orchards. Inoculation with Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe increased seedling height more than 300% and increased foliar phosphorus concentrations in greenhouse experiments on sour orange seedlings grown in sand culture with complete nutrient solution. Preplant application of P at 200 mg/liter did not increase growth or foliar P concentrations under the same conditions. Inoculation of seedlings receiving 0 to 800 mg P/liter with G. fasciculatus increased growth where 0 or 100 mg P/liter was added, but not where higher rates of P were used. Application of high rates of P induced copper deficiency symptoms, which were more severe on non-mycorrhizal than on mycorrhizal plants.
Determination of Irrigation and Fertilizer Practices for Jade Plant [Crassula argentea (L.) Thunb.]
Authors: Spooner J. , Daley L. , Ware G. , Vines M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the Table of Contents of the May issue of the Journal the name of L. Daley was misspelled in the listing of the article, Determination of Irrigation and Fertilizer Practices for Jade Plant [Crassula argentea (L.) Thunb.]by J. Spooner, L. Daley, G. Ware, and M. Vines [J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 103(3):306-308; 1978] due to a printer's error. The name is correctly spelled in the byline of the article itself.
Uptake of 14C-Release in ‘Valencia’ Oranges as Affected by Location on the Fruit, Temperature, Humidity, Treatment Duration and Fruit Position on the Tree1
Authors: Kossuth S. V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Uptake of 14C-Release (3-methyl-4-nitro-5-chloro-1H-pyrazole) by oranges was determined 5, 8, 12 and 24 hours after treatment in 16 different controlled environmental conditions designed to test the effect of temperature and humidity. Significant interactions precluded ascribing variations in uptake to a single factor, but there was a definite trend of increased uptake with increasingly warmer temperatures and to a lesser extent increased uptake with increasing humidity. There was significantly more uptake occurring at the equator than at the stylar and stem ends of individual oranges. There was not a marked difference in uptake by fruit from the top of the canopy to the bottom.
Gums and Mucilages in Hulls of Almonds1
Authors: Ryugo K. , Labavitch John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Large clonal variations and seasonal fluctuations were observed in gum and mucilage content of hulls from 17 cultivars of almonds, (Prunus amygdalus Batsch.). Analysis of ethanol insoluble substances revealed that their content of neutral sugar and uronic acid residues were nearly the same. Additional analyses indicated a variety of polysaccharide types in the gum samples.
The Effect of Pre-storage Heating on Ripening and Senescence of Apples during Cold Storage1
Authors: Porritt S. W. , Lidster P. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Exposing ‘Spartan’ or ‘Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) to 38°C for 4 to 6 days immediately after harvest suppressed softening during subsequent storage at −1°C 90 to 94% relative humidity. The rate of acid loss during the period of heating was rapid, but returned to normal during cold storage. Breakdown, core browning, and decay of ‘Spartan’ apple were almost eliminated by the heat treatment. There were no physiological disorders in the ‘Golden Delicious’.