bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The size of monomers of dust aggregates in planet-forming disks
Authors: Tazaki R. , Dominik C. 
Published: July 2022

Context. The size of the constituent particles (monomers) of dust aggregates is one of the most uncertain parameters directly affecting collisional growth of aggregates in planet-forming disks. Despite its importance, the monomer size has not yet been meaningfully constrained by disk observations.
Aims. We attempt to derive the monomer size from optical and near-infrared (IR) polarimetric observations of planet-forming disks.
Methods. We performed a comprehensive parameter survey on the degree of linear polarization of light scattered by dust aggregates, using an exact numerical method called the T-matrix method. We investigated the effect of the monomer size, aggregate size, porosity, and composition on the degree of polarization. The obtained results were then compared with observed polarization fractions of several planet-forming disks at optical and near-IR wavelengths.
Results. We show that the degree of polarization of aggregates acutely depends on the monomer size unless the monomer size parameter is smaller than one or two. Comparing the simulation results with the disk observations, we find that the monomer radius is no greater than 0.4 μm. The inferred monomer size is therefore similar to subunit sizes of the solar system dust aggregates and the maximum size of interstellar grains.
Conclusions. Optical and near-IR quantitative polarimetry will provide observational grounds on the initial conditions for dust coagulation and, thereby, planetesimal formation in planet-forming disks.
Stellar metallicity gradients of Local Group dwarf galaxies
Authors: Taibi S. , Battaglia G. , Leaman R. , Brooks A. , Riggs C. , Munshi F. , Revaz Y. , Jablonka P. 
Published: July 2022

Aims. We explore correlations between the strength of metallicity gradients in Local Group dwarf galaxies and their stellar mass, star formation history timescales, and environment.
Methods. We performed a homogeneous analysis of literature spectroscopic data of red giant stars and determined radial metallicity profiles for 30 Local Group dwarf galaxies. This is the largest compilation of this type to date.
Results. The dwarf galaxies in our sample show a variety of metallicity profiles, most of them decreasing with radius and some with rather steep profiles. The derived metallicity gradients as a function of the half-light radius, ∇[Fe/H](R/Re), show no statistical differences when compared with the morphological type of the galaxies, nor with their distance from the Milky Way or M31. No correlations are found with either stellar mass or star formation timescales. In particular, we do not find the linear relation between ∇[Fe/H](R/Re) and the galaxy median age t50, which has been reported in the literature for a set of simulated systems. On the other hand, the high angular momentum in some of our galaxies does not seem to affect the gradient strengths. The strongest gradients in our sample are observed in systems that are likely to have experienced a past merger event. When these merger candidates are excluded, the analysed dwarf galaxies show mild gradients (∼−0.1 dex Re−1) with little scatter between them, regardless of their stellar mass, dynamical state, and their star formation history. These results agree well with different sets of simulations presented in the literature that were analysed using the same method as for the observed dwarf galaxies.
Conclusions. The interplay between the multitude of factors that could drive the formation of metallicity gradients likely combine in complex ways to produce in general comparable mild ∇[Fe/H](R/Re) values, regardless of stellar mass and star formation history. The strongest driver of steep gradients seems to be previous dwarf-dwarf merger events in a system.
Work and Training Conditions of German Residents and Young Radiologists in Interventional Radiology – A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Sieren Malte , Katoh Marcus , Mahnken Andreas H. , Reimer Peter , Westphalen Kerstin , Hoffmann Ralf-Thorsten , Paprottka Philipp , Rohde Stefan , Wacker Frank K. , Minko Peter , Molwitz Isabel , Oechtering Thekla Helene , Afat Saif , Bucher Andreas Michael , Gerwing Mirjam , Storz Corinna , Ziegler Henrike-Renate , Barkhausen Jörg , Frisch Anne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the increasing need for minimally invasive procedures based on lower complication rates, higher patient acceptance, and technical developments, there is a growing focus on the sound interventional training of young radiologists. This survey aimed to analyze the current situation in interventional radiology (IR) training in Germany to detect shortcomings and identify areas for improvement.From November 1–30, 2020, an online questionnaire was distributed to representative radiological associations and societies with the request to forward it to radiology residents and radiologists < 40 years. The 44 questions covered six distinct areas from personal working conditions to the characterization of the IR department, training conditions, role of women in IR, and attendance at congresses/external training.A total of 330 participants completed the questionnaire. 77 % of participants expressed a high interest in IR, and 47 % could even imagine subspecializing in interventional radiology. Most institutions provided the necessary learning conditions and infrastructure. The rate of overall satisfaction with IR training conditions was 45 % (vs. a dissatisfaction rate of 39 %). However, females showed a lower satisfaction rate with their training environment than male participants (28 % vs. 51 %; P = 0.06). Positive correlations with work satisfaction were found for the presence and duration of the IR rotation, the number of partly independently/mentored performed interventions, and structured feedback. Moreover, the need for a structured training curriculum was expressed by 67 % of participants.Radiological residents and young radiologists expressed a high interest in interventional radiology, and they rate the infrastructure of German hospitals regarding IR as sufficient. However, they expressed the need for consistent IR rotations and better-structured resident and postgraduate education (curricula & interviews).Interest in interventional radiology among radiological residents and young radiologists in Germany is high, but satisfaction with interventional radiology training leaves room for improvement.
The most frequently mentioned aspects that can improve IR training were
Citation Format
Kostensätze zur monetären Bewertung des
Ressourcenverbrauchs psychischer Erkrankungen im Justizsektor: Ergebnisse des
PECUNIA-Projekts für Deutschland
Authors: Muntendorf Louisa-Kristin , König Hans-Helmut , Janssen Luca , Pokhilenko Irina , Drost Ruben , Simon Judit , García-Pérez Lidia , Brodszky Valentin , Roijen Leona Hakkaart-van , Park A-La , Evers Silvia , Konnopka Alexander 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Bisher konnte der Ressourcenverbrauch bei einem Kontakt mit
dem Justizsektor in gesundheitsökonomischen Evaluationen aus
gesellschaftlicher Perspektive nicht monetär bewertet werden.
Methodik Es wurden 12 Kostensätze (KS) zur Messung des
Ressourcenverbrauchs basierend auf Definitionen des PECUNIA-Projekts ermittelt.
KS wurden mittels Literatur- und Internetrecherche, direkter Korrespondenz mit
Kostenträgern oder Proxys erhoben.
Ergebnisse Es wurden KS für Polizei, Feuerwehr, Vandalismus,
Gefängnisaufenthalt, Polizeigewahrsam, einfachen und schweren Diebstahl,
geringfügigen und schweren Vandalismus an Immobilien und Anwaltskosten
vor Gericht kalkuliert.
Schlussfolgerung Bisher fehlten KS für den Justizsektor, die
für ökonomische Evaluationen aus gesellschaftlicher Perspektive
erforderlich sind. Die Nutzbarkeit der KS in Forschungsfeldern außerhalb
der Gesundheitsökonomie betont die Relevanz dieser Arbeit.
Schlüsselwörter Intersektorale Kosten,
Bewertungssätze, ökonomische Evaluation, psychische
Erkrankungen, Kostenkalkulation Calculation of Standardized Unit Costs of Mental
Health in the Criminal Justice Sector – Results of the PECUNIA Project
for Germany
Electrochemical Cascade Thia-Michael and Thioacetalization of Cyclic Enones
Authors: Yadav Lalit , Maneesha Maneesha , Badsara Satpal Singh , Dabaria Kamlesh Kumar , Jat Pooja Kumari , Gurjar Asha 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe first electricity-promoted, catalyst-free cascade thia-Michael addition and thioacetalization of cyclic enones with thiols are described. The electro-organic protocol was found to be suitable for both alkyl and aryl thiols, which reacted with a variety of cyclic enones to afford the corresponding tris-sulfane in good to excellent yields. Based on control experiments, it was found that this cascade reaction is chemoselective, involving first thia-Michael addition followed by thioacetalization process.
Visible-Light-Induced Recyclable g-C3N4 Catalyzed C–H Hydroxylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Xie Long-Yong , Peng Sha , Xie Qi-Xin , Chen Yi-Dan , Zhou Jia-Yi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA visible-light-promoted hydroxylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones using recyclable graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a heterogeneous photocatalyst has been developed. This protocol enables the selective synthesis of various hydroxyl-containing quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones in good to excellent yields under an ambient air atmosphere. Importantly, this heterogeneous catalyst can be used at least six times without significant loss of activity.
Selectfluor-Mediated Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Hydrazines: A Process for the Synthesis of Azo Compounds
Authors: Zhao Yulei , Li Shuai , Cui Jinjie , Wang Huimin , Kang Xin , Wang Yan , Tian Laijin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA facile method to synthesize azo compounds from hydrazine derivatives is developed. This represents the unprecedented example of Selectfluor-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrazine derivatives. The reaction might proceed through N-fluorination and elimination processes. This protocol exhibits key features including simple operation, mild conditions, good functional group tolerance, and high efficiency. Moreover, the advantage is also highlighted by the conversion of a sulfonyl-substituted azo compound to furnish acetanilide in excellent yield under 4 W blue LED irradiation.
Management of Adult Chiari I Patients Based on CSF Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Experience of Two Neurosurgical Centers
Authors: Abdallah Anas , Çınar İrfan , Gündağ Papaker Meliha , Güler Abdallah Betül , Emel Erhan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background and Study Aims Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) is one of the most discussed neurosurgical disorders. No consensus exists how to manage adult CM1 patients. We aimed to evaluate all adult CM1 patients consecutively managed at our institutions and discuss our approach based on the phase-contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Patients and Methods The medical charts of adult patients diagnosed with CM1 at two referral neurosurgical centers between 2010 and 2017 were reviewed. The patients were either managed conservatively or surgically. We evaluated the patients clinically with the Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS). The radiologic diagnosis was based on both craniocervical and PC-MRI.
Results Ninety adult CM1 patients were managed conservatively. Conservative treatment failed in 5 of these 90 patients. Seventy-two patients (including those 5 patients who did not benefit from conservative treatment) underwent posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty. Eighty-five patients (94.4%) from the conservative group and 61 patients (84.7%) from the surgical group were treated successfully. An aqueductal stroke volume (ASV) value of 12 µL was found as the cutoff value for surgical candidates. A strong positive correlation between the increase in ASV values and clinical improvement was observed.
Conclusions PC-MRI can help in the management and follow-up of adult CM1 patients. Conservative management is possible in selected symptomatic CM1 patients with a high ASV (ASV > 15 µL). Surgery should be considered in patients with an ASV ≤ 12 µL. CM1 patients with ASV ≤12 to >15 μL require close follow-up. Long-standing symptoms, severe sleep apnea, symptoms influencing functionality, and syrinx are factors that affected outcomes negatively.
Feasibility of Simple Oral Preparation Contrast-Enhanced CT Colonography (SOP-CE-CTC) Using Mannitol as a Neutral Oral Contrast Agent
Authors: Rathi Vinita 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose This article prospectively assesses the feasibility of simple oral preparation contrast-enhanced computed tomography colonography (SOP-CE-CTC) using a large volume of oral 3% mannitol for good colonic distension along with mural and mucosal fold visualization.
Methods A total of 100 patients in whom contrast CT abdomen was requested, recruited as per selection criteria, were advised to take mild oral bowel preparation for two nights, prior to the investigation. Then, after fasting overnight, they were asked to consume 1,500 to 2,000 mL of 3% mannitol solution in about an hour. Thirty minutes after completing the ingestion of oral mannitol, intravenous contrast was injected and SOP-CE-CTC was acquired at 55 seconds. Distension of six segments of the colon was evaluated by assigning scores 1 to 4 for qualitative assessment; and measuring the maximum luminal diameter of the colon, for quantitative assessment. Colonic mucosal and mural visualization were evaluated subjectively. All observations were recorded by two reviewers (with varying levels of experience) independently.
Results On qualitative analysis, the colon showed optimal distension (score 4) in 58 to 89% cases on SOP-CE-CTC. There was agreement between both the reviewers in 89 to 99% cases (weighted kappa 0.820–0.979; p < 0.001). On quantitative analysis, the mean of the maximum colonic diameter ranged between 3.4 and 5.2 cm; and both the reviewers agreed in 89 to 97% cases (weighted kappa 0.777–0.967; p < 0.001). Mural and mucosal fold visualization in the proximal four segments of the colon was excellent (in 90–98%) but in the rectum and sigmoid it was 45 and 66%, respectively; both the reviewers agreed in 100% cases (weighted kappa 1.0 and p < 0.001).
Conclusion Good colonic distension, mural, and mucosal fold visualization can be achieved on SOP-CE-CTC using 1,500 to 2,000 mL of 3% oral mannitol and mild oral bowel preparation agents.
Providers Electing to Receive Electronic Result Notifications: Demographics and Motivation
Authors: Slovis Benjamin H. , Vervilles William J.K. , Vawdrey David K. , Swartz Jordan L. , Winans Catherine , Kairys John C. , Riggio Jeffrey M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Automated electronic result notifications can alert health care providers of important clinical results. In contrast to historical notification systems, which were predominantly focused on critical laboratory abnormalities and often not very customizable, modern electronic health records provide capabilities for subscription-based electronic notification. This capability has not been well studied.
Objectives The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of when and how a provider decides to use a subscription-based electronic notification. Better appreciation for the factors that contribute to selecting such notifications could aid in improving the functionality of these tools.
Methods We performed an 8-month quantitative assessment of 3,291 notifications and a qualitative survey assessment of 73 providers who utilized an elective notification tool in our electronic health record.
Results We found that most notifications were requested by attending physicians (∼60%) and from internal medicine specialty (∼25%). Most providers requested only a few notifications while a small minority (nearly 5%) requested 10 or more in the study period. The majority (nearly 30%) of requests were for chemistry laboratories. Survey respondents reported using the tool predominantly for important or time-sensitive laboratories. Overall opinions of the tool were positive (median = 7 out of 10, 95% confidence interval: 6–9), with 40% of eligible respondents reporting the tool improved quality of care. Reported examples included time to result review, monitoring of heparin drips, and reviewing pathology results.
Conclusion Developing an understanding for when and how providers decide to be notified of clinical results can help aid in the design and improvement of clinical tools, such as improved elective notifications. These tools may lead to reduced time to result review which could in turn improve clinical care quality.
Identifying important environmental variables in the niche partitioning of two keystone ecosystem engineers (Bettongia gaimardi and Potorous tridactylus) in Tasmania
Authors: Standaloft Isaac , Kirkpatrick Jamie B. 
Published: July 2022

Context The eastern bettong (Bettongia gaimardi) and the long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) are mycophagous marsupials regarded as both keystone species and ecosystem engineers. Despite Tasmania being a refuge for these declining species, their niche partitioning is poorly understood. Aims Our aim was to identify factors that distinguish the distributions of B. gaimardi and P. tridactylus, and to develop a better explanation of their individual niches. Methods The Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment conducted mammal surveys between 1975 and 2019. We used GIS to analyse these data, and geospatial information to identify relationships between B. gaimardi and P. tridactylus presence/absence and environmental variables. We then developed a model describing the distributions of these species in Tasmania. Key results Temperature seasonality (s.d. × 100), precipitation of wettest month (mm), precipitation of the driest month (mm), precipitation seasonality (coefficient of variation), the presence of vegetation dominated by Eucalyptus amygdalina and the presence of lowland grassy woodland/forest were the components in the best model for B. gaimardi. Our model broadly predicts that the distribution of B. gaimardi is restricted to the more fertile eastern half of Tasmania. P. tridactylus was associated with very few variables, with the presence of E. amygdalina–Eucalyptus obliqua damp forest being the only component in a very weak model. Transects with P. tridactylus and not B. gaimardi were more associated with rainforest and wet forest communities and areas of higher annual and wettest-month precipitation than were those with B. gaimardi and not P. tridactylus. Conclusions The importance of infertile sites to B. gaimardi may have been overstated in the literature, with moderate to high fertility being more characteristic of its range. B. gaimardi is adapted to persist in environments of low truffle (food) density, typical of the eastern half of Tasmania, through its ability to adopt a larger home range than for P. tridactylus, which requires dense ground vegetation. Implications Sites of high fertility in fragmented landscapes should be considered to be potential habitat for B. gaimardi. This challenges previous assumptions that infertile sites are the primary habitat of the species, with fertile sites offering poorer-quality habitat.
Spin-orbit torque assisted magnetization reversal of 100 nm-long vertical pillar
Authors: Honda Syuta , Sonobe Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Long vertical pillars, with a width of the order of nanometers and with perpendicular shape anisotropy (PSA), have high thermal stability. The advantage of using longer pillars is that they can increase the memory areal density while maintaining robust thermal stability. The current-induced magnetization reversal of long pillars is a significant challenge in spintronic applications such as high-density magnetic memories. However, the magnetization of pillars that are more than 100 nm long has never been reversed by spin-orbit torque (SOT) or spin injection from another ferromagnet (FM). Against this background, we propose a novel magnetization reversal method for pillars based on both SOT and spin transfer torque without using a FM for spin injection. Furthermore, this SOT-assisted method significantly reduces the reversal time, as was demonstrated by micromagnetic simulation. Using a spin-polarized current and SOT, the magnetization was reversed in pillars with length ⩾100 nm. The magnetization of pillars with PSA and those with both high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and PSA was successfully reversed. The findings of this study are physically novel and significant for practical applications. Consequently, the proposed new writing scheme paves the way for next-generation spintronic devices.
The potential of AFM in studying the role of the nanoscale amphipathic nature of (lipo)-peptides interacting with lipid bilayers
Authors: Mescola Andrea , Ragazzini Gregorio , Facci Paolo , Alessandrini Andrea 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lipopeptides (LPs) represent very promising molecules to fight resistant bacterial infections due to their broad-spectrum of activity, their first target, i.e. the bacterial membrane, and the rapid bactericidal action. For both types of molecules, the action mechanism starts from the membrane of the pathogen agents, producing a disorganization of their phase structure or the formation of pores of different size altering their permeability. This mechanism of action is based on physical interactions more than on a lock-and-key recognition event and it is difficult for the pathogens to rapidly develop an effective resistance. Very small differences in the sequence of both AMPs and LPs might lead to very different effects on the target membrane. Therefore, a correct understanding of their mechanism of action is required with the aim of developing new synthetic peptides, analogues of the natural ones, with specific and more powerful bactericidal activity. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), with its high resolution and the associated force spectroscopy resource, provides a valuable technique to investigate the reorganization of lipid bilayers exposed to antimicrobial or lipopeptides. Here, we present AFM results obtained by ours and other groups on the action of AMPs and LPs on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) of different composition. We also consider data obtained by fluorescence microscopy to compare the AFM data with another technique which can be used on different lipid bilayer model systems such as SLBs and giant unilamellar vesicles. The outcomes here presented highlight the powerful of AFM-based techniques in detecting nanoscale peptide-membrane interactions and strengthen their use as an exceptional complementary tool to in vivo investigations. Indeed, the combination of these approaches can help decipher the mechanisms of action of different antimicrobials and lipopeptides at both the micro and nanoscale levels, and to design new and more efficient antimicrobial compounds.