bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of polymorphisms of renin angiotensin system and endothelial nitric oxide synthase genes with premature cardiovascular disease in an Iranian population
Authors: Poorzand Hoorak , Fazeli Bahareh , Khajavi Omid , Gholoobi Arash , Keihanian Faeze , Morovatdar Negar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The study on polymorphisms and their relationship with diseases is very important for risk assessment. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between early risk of coronary artery disease(CAD) with renin angiotensin(RAS) genes and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS) gene in a sample of the Iranian population.
Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, 63 patients with premature CAD and 72 healthy samples were enrolled. Polymorphism of the promotor region of eNOS- and ACE-I/D(Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-I/D) polymorphism were evaluated. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) test and PCR-RFLP(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) was performed for ACE and eNOS-786 gene, respectively.
Results: The frequency of deletion(D) for ACE gene was 96% for patients and 61% for healthy controls and was significantly higher in patients(P<0.001). Conversely, the number of defective C allele for eNOS gene was similar in both groups(p>0.9).
Conclusion: ACE polymorphism seems to be an independent risk factor for premature CAD.
A tradeoff between enterovirus A71 particle stability and cell entry
Authors: Catching Adam , Yeh Ming Te , Bianco Simone , Capponi Sara , Andino Raul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A central role of viral capsids is to protect the viral genome from the harsh extracellular environment while facilitating initiation of infection when the virus encounters a target cell. Viruses are thought to have evolved an optimal equilibrium between particle stability and efficiency of cell entry. In this study, we genetically perturbed this equilibrium in a non-enveloped virus, enterovirus A71 to determine its structural basis. We isolated a single-point mutation variant with increased particle thermotolerance and decreased efficiency of cell entry. Using cryo-electron microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, we determined that the thermostable native particles have acquired an expanded conformation that results in a significant increase in protein dynamics. Examining the uncoating intermediate states of the thermostable variant suggests a pathway, where the lipid pocket factor is released first, followed by internal VP4 and finally the viral RNA.
A New enhanced Fuzzy Support Vector Machine with Pinball Loss
Authors: Verma Ram Nayan , Srivast Rakesh , Subbarao Naidu , Singh Gajendra Pratap 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) assigns each sample a fuzzy membership value based on its relevance, making it less sensitive to noise or outliers in the data. Although FSVM has had some success in avoiding the negative effects of noise, it uses hinge loss, which maximizes the shortest distance between two classes and is ineffective in dealing with feature noise near the decision boundary. Furthermore, whereas FSVM concentrates on misclassification errors, it neglects to consider the critical within-class scatter minimization. We present a Fuzzy support vector machine with pinball loss (FPin-SVM), which is a fuzzy extension of a reformulation of a recently proposed support vector machine with pinball loss (Pin-SVM) with several significant improvements, to improve the performance of FSVM. First, because we used the squared L2- norm of errors variables instead of the L1 norm, our FPin-SVM is a strongly convex minimization problem; second, to speed up the training procedure, solutions of the proposed FPin-SVM, as an unconstrained minimization problem, are obtained using the functional iterative and Newton methods. Third, it is proposed to solve the minimization problem directly in primal. Unlike FSVM and Pin-SVM, our FPin-SVM does not require a toolbox for optimization. We dig deeper into the features of FPin-SVM, such as noise insensitivity and within-class scatter minimization. We conducted experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets with various sounds to validate the usefulness of the suggested approach. Compared to the SVM, FSVM, and Pin-SVM, the presented approaches demonstrate equivalent or superior generalization performance in less training time.
Effects of controlled-release fertilizer on N2O emissions in wheat under elevated CO2 and temperature
Authors: Liu Qi , Liu Yajing , Hao Xingyu , Song Chunxu , Zong Yuzheng , Zhang Dongsheng , Shi Xinrui , Li Ping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
[Aims] N2O emitted by agricultural ecosystems has a great impact on global warming and climate change. The use of controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the general patterns and variability of nitrogen functional genes in response to CRF associated with N2O emission have not been synthesized under climate change.
[Methods] We investigated the effects of elevated CO2 concentration (EC), elevated temperature (ET), and their combination (ECET) on enzyme activities and gene abundances.
[Results] We found that the cumulative N2O emissions was in the range of 0.39–1.65 kg·ha−1 in the wheat-growing season, accounting for 0.54%–2.29% of the total nitrogen input. EC remarkably reduced the cumulative N2O emissions. The greenhouse gas emissions under ECET were less than the sum of the individual effects. ECET had no synergistic effect with or without CRF. N2O emissions were considerably positively correlated with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) at elongation stage. CRF can reduce N2O emissions by reducing enzyme activities. Decreased gene abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea, AOB, nirS, and nosZ at the elongation stage and increased ratio of N2O production to reduction at the two stages were observed when compared ET+CRF with ET. CRF can reduce N2O emissions under climate change, especially under EC alone or ET alone. CRF and EC remarkably reduced the global warming potential.
[Conclusions] The results of our study enable the establishment of effective mitigation measures for N2O emissions under future climate scenarios.
Mistreatment of women during childbirth and its influencing factors in maternity hospitals in Tehran, Iran: a formative qualitative multi-stakeholder study
Authors: Mirzania Marjan , Shakibazadeh Elham , Bohren Meghan A. , Hantoushzadeh Sedigheh , Babaey Farah , Khajavi Abdoljavad , Foroushani Abbas Rahimi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Mistreatment during labour and childbirth is a common experience for many women around the world. A picture of the nature and types of mistreatment; and especially its influencing factors has not yet been identified in Iran. This study aimed to explore the manifestations of mistreatment and its influencing factors in maternity hospitals in Tehran.
Methods
A formative qualitative study was conducted using in-depth face-to-face interviews between October 2021 and May 2022 in five public hospitals. Participants included women, maternity healthcare providers, and managers at hospital and Ministry of Health levels. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed with a combined deductive and inductive approach using MAXQDA 18.
Results
A total of 60 interviews were conducted. Women experienced various forms of mistreatment during labour and childbirth, including verbal abuse, frequent and painful vaginal examinations, neglect and abandonment, lack of supportive care, denial of mobility and pain relief, and physical abuse. Four main themes were identified as the drivers of mistreatment: (1) individual-level factors (healthcare providers perception about women’s limited knowledge on childbirth process, untrained companions, mismatched expectations of women for care, and discrimination based on ethnicity or low socioeconomic status); (2) healthcare provider-level factors (healthcare provider stress/stressful working conditions, healthcare providers with limited personal experience of pregnancy and childbirth, neglect of midwives' identities by doctors, poor educational contents and curriculum, and low salary and lack of incentive); (3) hospital-level factors (lack of staff, lack of supervision and control, type of hospital, inadequate physical structures); and (4) national health system-level factors (lack of access to pain management during labour and childbirth and perceptions about forced vaginal birth in public hospitals).
Conclusions
There are multiple level drivers for mistreatment which requires multifaceted interventions. These interventions should emphasize training of pregnant women and their companions, training healthcare providers, encouraging and managing work shifts, strengthening the position of midwives in public hospitals. Moreover, continuous monitoring of the performance of providers, increase staff numbers and improvement of physical space of the maternity wards, as well as implementation of the related guidelines, including painless childbirth, should also be considered.
Renal Toxicity Caused by Diethylene Glycol: an Overview
Authors: Araujo Stanley Almeida , Faria Barbara Caroline Dias , Vasconcelos Julia Cunha , Cruz Aniel Feitosa da , de Souza Vitor Santos , Wanderley David Campos , Silva Ana Cristina Simoes e 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Diethylene glycol (DEG) is nephrotoxic, potentially resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Its main nephrotoxic by-product is diglycolic acid (DGA). This narrative overview summarizes selected literature with a focus on clinical findings, pathophysiology, diagnosis including morphological features of renal biopsies, and management. The kidney injury in DEG poisoning is secondary to proximal tubular necrosis caused by DGA. Marked vacuolization and edema of epithelial cells obstruct the lumen, reducing urine flow and, consequently, resulting in anuria and uremia. The clinical alterations due to DEG poisoning are dose-dependent. Patients may present with gastrointestinal symptoms and anion gap metabolic acidosis, followed by renal failure, and, later, encephalopathy and neuropathy. Although this three-phase pattern has been described, signs and symptoms may be overlapping. Data about DEG intoxication is scarce. Sometimes the diagnosis is challenging. The management includes supportive care, gastric decontamination, correction of acid-base disorders, and hemodialysis. The understanding of the metabolic processes related to DEG poisoning may contribute to its management, preventing death, serious sequels, or irreversible lesions.
Renal Saturations and Acute Kidney Injury in the Preterm Infant with Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Rose Laura , Frymoyer Adam , Bhombal Shazia , Chock Valerie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective: Decreased near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measures of renal saturation (Rsat) have identified hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) and may delineate infants at risk for acute kidney injury (AKI).
Design: Review of infants 29 weeks gestation undergoing NIRS and echocardiography due to concern for PDA. hsPDA was defined by two of the following: moderate-large size, left to right shunt, aortic flow reversal, left atrial enlargement. AKI was defined by neonatal KDIGO. Rsat and cerebral saturation (Csat) were evaluated for 24 hours before echocardiography.
Result: Among 77 infants, hsPDA was found on echocardiography in 59 (77%). There were no differences in hsPDA in infants with and without AKI. Rsat was not associated with AKI (p=0.3) or hsPDA (p=0.5). Infants on dopamine had less Rsat variability (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Rsat prior to echocardiography did not discriminate AKI in the preterm hsPDA population, however data may not capture optimal timing of Rsat measurement before AKI.
WITHDRAWN: The climb that never ends: is the intergenerational upward mobility a predictor of individual preference for redistribution? The Hong Kong case.
Authors: Ippolito Marzia , Gaeta Giuseppe Lucio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the link between intergenerational mobility and preferences for redistribution among Hongkongers. Using cross-sectional microdata, we support the hypothesis that climbing the income ladder triggers more favourable attitudes towards redistribution. However, we provide evidence that this happens especially among those who, despite the income mobility, still lay at the bottom of the income scale.
JEL codes: D31, D72, H23
Improved Diagnostic Accuracy and Sensitivity to Longitudinal Change in ALS with Multimodal MRI of the Brain and Cervical Cord
Authors: Pisharady Pramod , Eberly Lynn , Adanyeguh Isaac , Manousakis Georgios , Guliani Gaurav , Walk David , Lenglet Christophe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate high sensitivity for detecting longitudinal change as well as diagnostic sensitivity in ALS by applying recent advances in MRI data acquisition and analysis to multimodal brain and cervical spinal cord data. We acquired high quality diffusion MRI data from the brain and cervical cord, and high quality T1 data from the brain, of 20 participants with ALS and 20 healthy control participants. Ten participants with ALS and 14 healthy control participants, and 11 participants with ALS and 13 healthy control participants were re-scanned at 6-month and 12-month follow-up visits respectively. We analyzed cross-sectional differences and longitudinal changes in brain diffusion metrics and cortical thickness to identify white and gray matter areas affected by the disease. We also used fixel-based microstructure measures, i.e. fiber density and fiber cross-section, that are found more sensitive to longitudinal changes. Combining the brain metrics with our previously reported diffusion and cross-sectional area measures of the spinal cord, we demonstrate improved disease diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity through multimodal analysis of cross-sectional data, including high sensitivity for diagnosis of lower motor neuron-predominant ALS. Fiber density and cross-section provided the greatest sensitivity for change in our longitudinal dataset. We demonstrate evidence of progression in a cohort of 11 participants with slowly progressive ALS, including in participants with very slow change in ALSFRS-R (less than 0.5 points per month). More importantly, we demonstrate that longitudinal change is detectable at a six-month follow-up visit. Our findings suggest that fixel-based measures may serve as potential biomarkers of disease progression in clinical trials. We also provide a comprehensive list of affected areas both in the white matter and cortical gray matter, and report correlations between ALSFRS-R and the fiber density and cross-section.
Paleomagnetic evidence for episodic construction of the Mamiyadake tephra ring
Authors: YASUDA YUKI 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tephra rings that surround maar craters are typically inferred from field observations to be emplaced rapidly over a time period of days to years and thus monogenetic, which is, however, rarely assessed quantitatively. This paper reports the discovery of polygenetic origin of the Mamiyadake tephra ring (Japan), comparing the paleomagnetic directions obtained from throughout the stratigraphy. The new data show that the paleomagnetic directions change systematically with height through the sections, which is interpreted to record paleosecular variation (PSV) of the geomagnetic field during formation of the tephra ring. The paleomagnetic results, together with using an average rate of PSV in Japan, indicate that the Mamiyadake tephra ring was constructed episodically with five major eruptive episodes, separated by centuries or longer, over at least 1000 years. The findings demonstrate that detailed paleomagnetic characterization can uncover the temporal evolution of tephra rings, providing a useful criterion for identifying time breaks, even where field evidence is lacking, and a minimum estimate of the time interval for their emplacement. The approach used here may be applicable to volcanoes of any type.
Bioinspired Smart Dual-Responsive Actuator with Janus Structure and Complete Biodegradability
Authors: Yang Tiantian , You Jingxuan , Yin Chunchun , Zhang Jinming , Wang Yirong , Zhang Jun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Smart materials that respond to external stimuli are the top choice as actuators. Herein, inspired by the natural plants, a smart dual-responsive actuator with Janus structure was fabricated from natural cellulose. Two cellulose derivatives with controllable chemical structure acted as the responsive elements, including ethanol-responsive cellulose 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (CBH) and water-responsive carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Via changing the degree of substitution of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, the solubility, swellable property and swellable ratio of CBH in ethanol were precisely adjusted. After transforming the partial carboxylate group into the carboxylic acid, water-swellable CMC was obtained. Combining the ethanol-swellable CBH with water-swellable CMC by two-step blade-coating process, a Janus film was fabricated with dual-driven motility and complete biodegradability. This eco-friendly dual-responsive film can predict the concentration of ethanol/water mixture according to the different deformation angle. Moreover, it can be acted as a dual-responsive single-pole double-throw switch, indicating a huge potential in practical eco-friendly actuator.
Soil-transmitted helminth infection among school-age children in Ogoja, Nigeria: implication for control
Authors: Imalele Edema Enogiomwan , Braide Ekanem Ikpi , Emanghe Ubleni Etta , Effanga Emmanuel Offiong , Usang Anok Ukam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The study aimed at assessing the prevalence and risk factors of soil-transmitted helminthiases amongst school-aged children in Ogoja Local Government Area, Cross River State. Faecal samples were collected from 504 participants and analysed using the Kato-Katz technique. A total of 232 (46.0%) samples were positive for soil-transmitted helminths. The overall prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, and Strongyloides stercoralis were 14.1%, 16.5%, 2.6%, and 12.9% respectively. The prevalence of infections were higher among males (46.6%) than females (45.4%). Overall parasitic infection was higher in the 5–7 year age group (65.6%) than in the other age groups (p = 0.000). Infection intensities of A. lumbricoides (84.00 EPG) (p = 0.044) and T. trichiura (96.00 EPG) (p = 0.041) were higher in school-age children aged 14–16 years. A. lumbricoides and hookworm co-infection (8.7%) was the most common mixed infection and was significantly higher in males than females. School-aged children who did not have prior knowledge about soil-transmitted helminth infections, the habit of drinking water without boiling, open defecation, use of pit latrine and children who did not have toilet facilities in school were significantly associated with soil-transmitted helminthiases. There was a significant relationship between washing hands after using the toilet, the habit of putting on footwear outside the house, and soil-transmitted helminth infection. In addition to preventive chemotherapy, control measures should focus on health education, providing clean drinking water, proper disposal of human excreta and sewage, and environmental hygiene.
An Extensive Survey on the Use of Supervised Machine Learning Techniques in the Past Two Decades for Prediction of Drug Side Effects
Authors: Das Pranab , Mazumder Dilwar Hussain 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Side Effects (SE) of drugs are one of the common reasons for drug failure that may halt the whole drug discovery pipeline. Therefore, predicting the side effects of the drug is vital in drug development, discovery, and design. Supervised machine learning-based side effects prediction task has recently received much attention since it reduces time, chemical waste, design complexity, risk of failure, and cost. The advancement of supervised learning approaches for predicting side effects have emerged as essential computational tools. Still, there are several challenges to predict drug side effects. Thus, a near-exhaustive survey is carried out in this paper on the use of supervised machine learning approaches employed in drug side effects prediction in the past two decades. In addition, this paper also summarized the drug descriptor required for the side effects prediction task, commonly utilized drug properties sources, computational models, and their performances. Finally, the research gap, open problems, and challenges for the further supervised learning-based side effects prediction task have been discussed.
The Effect of Ultrasonication on the Fibrillar/ Oligomeric Structures of Aβ 1-42 at Different Concentrations
Authors: Faridi Nassim , Sanjay-Pour Maryam , Wang Ping , Bathaie S. Zahra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The number of disease states linked the aberrant regular protein conformations to oligomers and amyloid fibrils. Amyloid beta 1–42 (Aβ1−42) peptide is very hydrophobic and quickly forms the β-rich structure and fibrillar protein aggregates in some solutions and buffer conditions. Ultrasonication pulses can disrupt amyloid fibrils to smaller fragments and produce Aβ1−42 peptides of different sizes and oligomers. Herein, we investigated the effects of buffer and ultrasonication on Aβ1−42 structure at low and high concentrations. The electrophoresis and Western blot results showed that Aβ1−42 fibrils were disrupted into different sizes after ultrasonication. The transmission electron microscopy results indicated Aβ1−42 at low concentration (25 µM) in Ham’s/F12 phenol red-free culture medium formed short-size fragments and oligomers. In comparison, Aβ1−42 at higher concentration (100 µM) formed fibrils that break down into smaller fragments after ultrasonication. However, after regrowth, it formed mature fibrils again. The cell cytotoxicity results indicated more toxicity of Aβ1−42 oligomers formed at low concentration (25 µM) against PC12 cells than other forms. In conclusion, by applying ultrasonication pulses and controlling peptide concentration and buffer condition, we can rich Aβ1−42 aggregates with a particular size and molecular structure.