bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Data We Trust? Quantifying the Costs of Adjudication in the EU Justice Scoreboard
Authors: Dori Adriani 
Published: July 2022

In Data We Trust? Quantifying the Costs of Adjudication in the EU Justice Scoreboard
Affordable and timely judicial proceedings by independent courts are essential for an effective justice system. They are also a precondition for the protection of the rule of law in the EU and for an integrated internal market. Among the tools the European Commission adopts in this field, the EU Justice Scoreboard is key to understanding the empirical basis of the European judicial policies. Created in 2013, it provides annual data on efficiency, quality and independence of member states’ courts. The Scoreboard considers costly judicial proceedings as an obstacle to access to justice. It accordingly benchmarks member states’ performance with various indicators. In the Commission’s view, different national legal traditions should not prevent comparative assessment of member state judicial systems. However, the idiosyncrasies of national systems and the heterogeneity of national judicial statistics inevitably affect this empirical monitoring exercise. A closer look at the Scoreboard data shows that adjudication costs cannot be evaluated through quantitative metrics without contextualisation. This article focuses on the Scoreboard data on judicial costs, from both the supply and the demand side of judicial services. It critically reviews the fact-finding process that supports the preparation of the Scoreboard as well as the data this document displays. In so doing, it tests whether the Scoreboard conveys reliable and comparable information. This analysis is all the more important as the Scoreboard often supports academic analyses on the performance of justice and policy proposals by regulators and lawmakers.
Legal Expenses Insurance and the Future of Effective Litigation Funding
Authors: Sorabji John 
Published: July 2022

Legal Expenses Insurance and the Future of Effective Litigation Funding
For nearly forty years, from the end of the 1940s, the primary form of litigation funding in England and Wales was civil legal aid. From the start of the 1980s, however, there has been a steady withdrawal from that model. Successive governments have reduced the amount of public funds committed to civil legal aid, while also removing significant areas of law from its scope. In tandem with the winnowing away of legal aid has been the promotion of a number of forms of private litigation funding through statutory reform and common law developments. One form of funding has not, however, been subject to promotion by either the government or the judiciary: before-the-event legal expenses insurance. This article looks at the potential role that such legal expenses insurance could have as the primary form of litigation funding in the future.
Is It All That Fishy? A Critical Review of the Concerns Surrounding Third Party Litigation Funding in Europe
Authors: Cordina Adrian 
Published: July 2022

Is It All That Fishy? A Critical Review of the Concerns Surrounding Third Party Litigation Funding in Europe
Virtually all major jurisdictions worldwide, including those in Europe, have been facing constrained budgets in civil justice and increasing litigation volume, delays, complexity and costs in the last few decades. This makes it difficult, or impossible, for certain individuals and entities to pursue meritorious claims, be it individually or collectively, posing a significant challenge to access to justice. With third-party funding (TPF) of litigation frequently touted as a promising private funding solution to this problem, this article explores the question of how and why the proliferation of TPF has been viewed with a considerable degree of caution in Europe, and questions to what extent this caution is warranted. The scale of the civil justice crisis in Europe, the shift from public to private funding and the purported benefits of TPF are first briefly investigated. The article then proceeds to critically examine, including from a law-and-economics perspective, the main sources of concern leading to the scepticism shown towards TPF in Europe, which is still largely unregulated. These sources are the commodification of justice, conflicts of interest and funder capital inadequacy. Particular reference is made to the regulatory frameworks of the jurisdictions of England and Wales, the Netherlands and Germany in Europe, and at the European Union level, to the Representative Actions Directive. It concludes by restating the potential benefits and complexity of this industry and the importance of distinguishing and analysing the arguments most commonly raised against it in the literature, policy and jurisprudence.
Anàlisi de textos argumentatius sobre el cicle de l'aigua: ús del coneixement científic en el posicionament d'una controvèrsia sòcio-científica
Authors: Gayán Rico Elena , Pardo Camacho Cristina 
Published: July 2022

Per a posicionar-se i argumentar en un dilema de dimensions científiques i socials és necessària l’alfabetització científica, per tal d’assegurar que la decisió és presa de forma lliure i informada. La transferibilitat de coneixements de l’aula al món real és complexa, i l’ús de contexts versemblants que requereixin d’una participació activa de l’alumnat com a ciutadans i ciutadanes pot ser molt beneficiós des d’un punt de vista docent. En aquesta recerca, es va utilitzar una controvèrsia sòcio-científica entorn a l’escassetat d’aigua i la seva possible cotització a borsa per desenvolupar una seqüència didàctica sobre el cicle de l’aigua. Aquesta proposta pretén valorar si el coneixement construït durant la seqüència didàctica confereix a l’alumnat eines per actuar, decidir i esdevenir científicament competent. Els resultats mostren un increment de l’ús del coneixement científic en el discurs argumental per part de l’alumnat, juntament amb un major grau de certesa en la defensa del posicionament i textos d’estructura més elaborada al final de la seqüència didàctica.
CONSTRUINDO DE ESTROFES
Authors: Martins Perobelli Suelen 
Published: July 2022

Após o deflagrar da pandemia causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 no Brasil, em março de 2020, diversas esferas da sociedade se mobilizaram para que o isolamento social fosse respeitado. Grande parte das instituições de ensino migraram para o modelo remoto de aprendizagem, o que permitiu a manutenção das atividades. No entanto, os professores precisaram se adaptar ao novo modelo, especialmente àqueles sem experiências no ensino à distância. Ao longo do tempo, houve a necessidade de diversificação das aulas em ambiente remoto, e a demanda para aplicação de metodologias ativas de aprendizagem pôde ser identificada. Este trabalho relata uma estratégia ativa de aprendizagem, onde os conhecimentos adquiridos na disciplina foram utilizados para construção de estrofes. Os alunos foram divididos em subgrupos virtuais, e em equipe, realizaram a atividade. A análise dos resultados foi baseada na qualidade das estrofes criadas, assim como na avaliação da impressão dos alunos sobre o exercício, através da disponibilização de um questionário online. O material resultante, foi surpreendente, o texto criado aborda temas pertinentes e de importante memorização para a disciplina. Os alunos participaram ativamente da produção, realizando, inclusive, mais do que o proposto. À partir da análise dos questionários foi possível identificar a valorização deste tipo de atividade, e a indicação da relevância na utilização do material futuramente. Pode-se observar, que a abordagem de metodologias ativas, ainda que em ensino remoto, aproxima professores e alunos, e a realização da atividade em pequenos grupos, favorece a criação de laços entre os estudantes, que trabalham de forma informal e lúdica, obtendo um conteúdo com linguagem própria, o que traz um apelo emocional, aumentando ainda mais a capacidade cognitiva dos estudantes.
DAMPAK KOMUNIKASI DAN MOTIVASI SERTA KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH PADA KINERJA GURU SD NEGERI GUGUS 5 JETIS KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO
Authors: Suprastiyo Agung , Prasetyo Indra , Halimah Nur , Utari Woro 
Published: July 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi komunikasi, motivasi, kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan kinerja guru di Gugus 5 Jetis Mojokerto. Untuk mengetahui dan menguji dampak Komunikasi terhadap kinerja di Gugus 5 Jetis Mojokerto. Untuk mengetahui dan menguji Motivasi terhadap kinerja guru di Gugus 5 Jetis Mojokerto. Untuk mengetahui dan menguji kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru di Gugus 5 Jetis Mojokerto. Populasi dalam penelitoian ini adalah Guru Gugus 5 Jetis yang berjumlah 32 guru. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sensus sampling. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 32 orang. Untuk melakukan analisis data, pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kondisi Komunikasi, Motivasi dan Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah sudah dalam kondisi baik. Serta Komunikasi, motivasi dan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah berdampak signifikan positif terhadap kinerja gurudi Gugus 5 Jetis Mojokerto
Russia as part of the Eurasian Economy in the modern era of transformation of the world market: economic security
Authors: Vakarev Aleksander Alekseevich , Vinogradov Valerii Valerievich , Ievleva Natal'ya Vladimirovna , Vinnichenko Aleksandr Sergeevich , Kotel'nikova Dina Valerievna 
Published: July 2022

The subject of the study is the system of relations related to ensuring the economic security of Russia as part of the Eurasian economy in the conditions of the current global crisis, and the choice of the main directions of its development in the presence of Western and Eurasian models of positioning in the world economy.The object of the study is the state of the world market in modern conditions in its dialectical dualism of the presence of Western and Eurasian models of positioning of national economies. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the problem of the presence in the modern global economy of two main concepts as part of the development of the modern world market: financial and industrial. Particular attention is paid to which groups of countries are developing within the framework of these concepts, and Russia's position in relation to them is determined from the standpoint of ensuring its economic security. The main conclusions of the study are the following: - there are two main models in the modern market: the Western one, which is based on the priority development of the financial market; and the Eurasian one, which is based on the development of real production; - Russia in recent decades has sought to develop according to the Western model, but has a high degree of adaptation to the Eurasian one, especially due to the development of extractive industries; - the way out of the current crisis is likely to involve a shift in global emphasis from the financial concept of development to the production one. In these conditions, it makes special sense for Russia to develop and implement a comprehensive program for closer integration into the Eurasian economy. It is this integration that will give economic security a qualitatively new level. A special contribution of the authors is to identify the main directions of Russian economic and managerial activities to ensure the repositioning of the country's economy according to the Eurasian model after the end of the current crisis. The novelty of the study lies in the statistical substantiation of the parameters of the difference between the Western and Eurasian models.
Environmental investment is a powerful "support" for the progressive and sustainable growth of the post-pandemic economy of Russia
Authors: Kormishkina Ludmila Aleksandrovna , Kormishkin Evgenij Danilovich 
Published: July 2022

The objective need for environmental investment to overcome the reproduction of anti-sustainable environmental trends in the modern Russian economy and its post-pandemic recovery is substantiated. Environmental investments that meet the criteria of the global ESG agenda are positioned as responsible in their essence and transformative in their functional role. Original scientific judgments are presented on the impact of such investments on the dynamics and intensity of "green" innovations (new technologies, production processes, supply chains capable of solving issues of waste processing and industrial reproduction of raw materials from waste resources, as well as the use of alternative energy sources, etc.), which are able to generate long-term and sustainable growth of aggregate factor productivity (TFP) and ensure the radical transformations of the economic system associated with the formation of a "green" circular economy. Regressive models (growth curves) have been constructed for the current domestic economy, taking into account the volume of environmental investment, confirming the hypothesis of the "weakness" of this process in the Russian Federation, including due to the lack of significant changes in the state environmental policy. The minimum necessary economic tools of the state policy in the field of stimulating environmental investment in Russia have been formed in order to post-pandemic recovery of its economy and ensure long-term sustainable growth of TFP. The conducted research makes a certain contribution to the development of the theory of endogenous economic growth by taking into account the impact of environmental investment, which is initially focused on the effective use of natural capital, on the maximum involvement of waste resources in economic turnover, the replacement of traditional production technologies with environmentally friendly or low-carbon, the improvement of ecosystems, the production potential of the economy, the quality of the environment and social changes.
Patterns of hypometabolism in frontal lobe epilepsy originating in different frontal regions
Authors: Zhao Zexian , Li Hong , Wang Shan , Chen Cong , He Chenmin , Hu Lingli , Zheng Zhe , Zhu Junming , Ding Meiping , Wang Shuang , Ding Yao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesAnalysis of FDG‐PET imaging commonly shows that hypometabolism extends into extra‐epileptogenic zones (extra‐EZ). This study investigates the distribution patterns of hypometabolism in frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) originating in different frontal regions.MethodsSixty‐four patients with FLE were grouped by EZ localization according to Brodmann areas (BAs): Group 1 (the frontal motor and premotor area), BAs 4, 6, and 8; Group 2 (the inferior frontal gyrus and opercular area), BAs 44, 45, and 47; Group 3 (the dorsal prefrontal area), BAs 9, 10, 11, and 46; and Group 4 (the medial frontal and anterior cingulate gyrus), BAs 32 and 24. Regions of extra‐EZ hypometabolism were statistically analyzed between FLE groups and healthy controls. Correlation analysis was performed to identify relationships between the intensity of hypometabolism and clinical characteristics.ResultsSignificant hypometabolism in the ipsilateral (Groups 1 and 4) or bilateral (Groups 2 and 3) anterior insulae was found. Groups 1 and 4 presented with limited distribution of extra‐EZ hypometabolism, whereas Groups 2 and 3 showed widely distributed extra‐EZ hypometabolism in the rectus gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and other regions. Additionally, the intensity of hypometabolism was correlated with epilepsy duration in Groups 2 and 3.ConclusionsAll FLE groups showed hypometabolism in the anterior insula. In addition, distinct patterns of extra‐EZ hypometabolism were identified for each FLE group. This quantitative FDG‐PET analysis expanded our understanding of the topography of epileptic networks and can guide EZ localization in the future.
Ultrahigh On‐Current Density of Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Facilitated by Molecular Monolayer Crystals
Authors: Peng Boyu , He Zhenfei , Chen Ming , Chan Paddy Kwok Leung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOrganic semiconductor materials are not recognized as a system for high current density applications due to the generally low mobility and high contact resistance. In this work, solution‐processed organic molecular monolayer crystals (1L‐crystals) as the active layers in field‐effect transistors, demonstrating high current density application are utilized. The 1L‐crystal‐based devices exhibit high intrinsic mobility of 10.9 cm2 V–1 s–1 and a contact resistance as low as 28 Ω cm, offering unprecedently high width‐normalized current density up to 19 µA µm–1 and 1.2 MA cm–2 normalized by cross‐section area. Joule heating effects in these high current devices are investigated. At a current density of 7 µA µm–1, 1L‐crystal‐based transistor works stably within 1000 consecutive scans. Above this current density, thermal degradation in the current starts to occur and pulsed mode operation can restrict the degradation. The 1L‐crystals exhibit superiority in high‐current and potential high‐frequency applications, which can expand the current boundary of organic semiconductor materials.
Recent Advances in Stimuli‐Responsive Shape‐Morphing Hydrogels
Authors: Liu Xiaojiang , Gao Ming , Chen Jiayao , Guo Sheng , Zhu Wei , Bai Lichun , Zhai Wenzheng , Du Hejun , Wu Hong , Yan Chunze , Shi Yusheng , Gu Junwei , Qi Hang Jerry , Zhou Kun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInspired by shape‐morphing organisms in nature, researchers have developed various hydrogels with stimuli‐responsive swelling, shrinking, bending, folding, origami, rolling, twisting, or locomotion. These smart hydrogels are usually created by patterning or 4D printing. The shape morphing of hydrogels allows the fabrication of helixing, twisting, and rolling microstructures, all of which are hard to reproduce directly by ordinary techniques. More importantly, under external stimuli (e.g., solvent, humidity, temperature, light, pH, and electric/magnetic fields), many hydrogels exhibit recoverable shape morphing and thus find promising applications in grippers, sensors, valves, soft robotics, etc. Since shape morphing determines the functions of hydrogels in a great number of cases, herein, recent advances of stimuli‐responsive hydrogels are summarized, with their types, shape‐morphing mechanisms, fabrication methods, shape‐morphing modes, and extensive applications covered. The conclusion and perspectives are also presented to guide the design and fabrication of functional hydrogels.
Laser‐Scribed Graphene–Polyaniline Microsupercapacitor for Internet‐of‐Things Applications
Authors: Khodabandehlo Ali , Noori Abolhassan , Rahmanifar Mohammad S. , El‐Kady Maher F. , Kaner Richard B. , Mousavi Mir F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe push toward smart technologies and the Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) demands the development of miniaturized energy storage devices. Herein, a facile and scalable strategy is presented, based on laser reduction of graphene oxide into graphene followed by electrodeposition of polyaniline (PANi), to fabricate a substrate‐free supercapacitor. The fabricated supercapacitor is part of a flexible multifunctional integrated system comprising a thin‐film humidity sensor, a resistor, and a near field communication (NFC) antenna for IoT‐linked wireless communication with a smartphone. The integrated sensory system shares laser‐scribed graphene (LSG) as the same electrode material for all the components (supercapacitor, sensor, resistor, and NFC antenna). The symmetric LSG‐PANi||LSG‐PANi supercapacitor with wireless charging capability exhibits a near record‐high energy density of 0.407 mW h cm−3, and excellent power density of 196 mW cm−3, along with an outstanding rate capability (enduring high rates of over 1 V s−1). As a humidity sensor, the device demonstrates high resistance changes from 2000 kΩ at 0% relative humidity (RH) to 497 kΩ at 100% RH (15 kΩ per RH%) with a sub‐second scale (0.87 s) response time. This research paves the way for limitless applications of IoT across a wide spectrum of fields from healthcare to chip‐based electronics to environmental monitoring.
Future Research Directions in Perovskite Solar Cells: Exquisite Photon Management and Thermodynamic Phase Stability
Authors: Kim Hui‐Seon , Park Nam‐Gyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has rapidly increased up to 25.7% in 2022, a curiosity about the achievable limit of the PCE has prevailed and demands understanding about the underlying fundamentals to step forward. Meanwhile, outstanding long‐term stability of PSCs over 1000 h has been reported at operating conditions or under damp heat test with 85 °C/85% relative humidity. Herein comes the question as to whether the phase stability issue of perovskite crystal is completely resolved in the most recent state‐of‐the‐art perovskite film or if it deceives everyone into believing so by significantly slowing the kinetics. On the one hand, the fundamental origins of a discrepancy between reported values and the theoretical limit are thoroughly examined, where the importance of light management is greatly emphasized with the introduction of external luminescence as a key parameter to narrow the gap. On the other hand, the phase stability of a perovskite film is understood from thermodynamic point of view to address viable approaches to lower the Gibbs free energy, distinguishing the kinetically trapped condition from the thermodynamically stable phase.
Click‐and‐Bond: Room‐Temperature and Solvent‐Free Bonding of Polymer‐Based Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Di Iorio Daniele , Rameshbabu Sharath , Bruijns Brigitte , Movilli Jacopo , Skolimowski Maciej , Huskens Jurriaan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe production of a new class of microfluidic devices built from thermoplastic materials has recently aroused interest in a high‐volume and cost‐effective fabrication of sensing devices. During device formation, the bonding of two slides, one containing the microchannels and another used as a non‐modified capping layer, is generally performed at high temperature, high pressure, and/or employing organic solvents. Such bonding procedures, however, are not compatible with the use of slides pre‐functionalized with biomolecules. Here a low‐temperature, UV‐light‐free, and solvent‐free bonding method for polymeric devices, based on poly‐l‐lysine (PLL) polymers modified with click‐chemistry moieties is presented. The advantages obtained from the use of PLL and the appended complementary click‐chemistry groups enable a fast adsorption of polymers onto the substrates at room temperature, followed by a fast and stable bonding between two complementarily functionalized slides under mild conditions. Bonded fluidic devices show a resistance to high fluid pressures well above those needed for practical application. The optimal density (2–5%) of reactive groups appended to PLL is assessed using lap shear tests. The here developed method achieves bonding at low temperature, which promises fabrication of microfluidic devices functionalized with biomolecules prior to the sealing process, applicable to a wide range of polymeric materials.