bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of forest management on stand and landscape-level microclimate heterogeneity of European beech forests
Authors: Menge Joscha H. , Magdon Paul , Wöllauer Stephan , Ehbrecht Martin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Context.Forest microclimate influences biodiversity and plays a crucial role in regulating forest ecosystem functions. It is modified by forest management as a result of changes in forest structure due to tree harvesting and thinning.Objectives.Here, we investigate the impacts of even-aged (EA) and uneven-aged (UEA) forest management on stand- and landscape-level heterogeneity of forest microclimates, in comparison with unmanaged (UNM), old-growth European beech forest. Methods.We combined stand structural and topographical indices derived from airborne laser scanning (ALS) with climate observations from 23 meteorological stations at permanent forest plots within the Hainich region, Germany. Based on a multiple linear regression model, we spatially interpolated the diurnal temperature range (DTR) as an indicator of forest microclimate across a 4,724 ha section of the forest with 50 m spatial resolution. Microclimate heterogeneity was measured as α-, β-, and γ-diversity of thermal niches (i.e. DTR classes).Results.Even-aged forests showed a higher γ-diversity of microclimates than uneven-aged and unmanaged forests. This was mainly due to a higher β-diversity resulting from the spatial coexistence of different forest developmental stages within the landscape. The greater structural complexity at the stand-level in uneven-aged stands did not increase α-diversity of microclimates. Predicted DTR was significantly lower and spatially more homogenous in unmanaged forest compared to both types of managed forest.Conclusion.If forest management aims at creating a wide range of habitats with different microclimates within a landscape, spatially co-existing types of managed and unmanaged forests should be considered, instead of focusing on a specific type of management or setting aside forest reserves, only.
The impact of cancer on the severity of disease in patients affected with COVID-19: an umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses involving 1,064,476 participants
Authors: Arayici Mehmet Emin , Basbinar Yasemin , Ellidokuz Hulya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, cancer patients were among the most vulnerable patient groups to the SARS-CoV-2 infection effects. This paper aimed to conduct an umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis to determine the severity of disease in cancer patients affected with COVID-19. The umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis were undertaken according to the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. The Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for published papers from the start of the pandemic through July 18, 2022. The pooled effect sizes (ES) and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random effect model in the 95% confidence interval (CI) for ICU (Intensive Care Unit) admissions and mortality in cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Egger's linear regression test, schematic illustrations of funnel plots, and Begg and Mazlumdar's rank correlation tests were used to quantify the possibility of publication bias. The pooled ES was calculated based on 1031783 participants and mortality was significantly increased in cancer patients affected with COVID-19 (OR = 2.02, %95 CI: 1.74–2.35, p < 0.001). The pooled ES for ICU admission was also significantly increased in cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 1.84, %95 CI: 1.44–2.34, p < 0.001). As a result, this synthesis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses by the meta-meta-analysis method revealed that disease severity is higher in cancer patients affected by COVID-19. Since cancer patients are a more sensitive and specific patient group, they should be evaluated more carefully, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Comparison of percutaneous gall bladder aspiration with percutaneous cholecystostomy in acute cholecystostomy patients. Can gall bladder aspiration alone be sufficient?
Authors: Topal Ümmihan , Sönmez Süleyman , Dagıstanli Sevinç 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
PurposesThe aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and complication rates of percutaneous gallbladder aspiration (PA) and percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) in the management of AC and present the experiences of a single third-line center.Materials and MethodsThe results of 159 patients with AC who admitted to our hospital between 2015 and 2020, that underwent PA and PC procedures because they did not respond to conservative treatment and LC could not be performed, were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and laboratory data before and 3 days after PC and PA procedure, technical success, complications, response to treatment, duration of hospital stay, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results were recorded.ResultsOut of 159 patients, 22 (8 men 14 women) underwent PA procedure and 137 (57 men 80 women) underwent PC. No significant difference was detected between the PA and PC groups in terms of clinical recovery (p:0,532) and duration of hospital stay (p:0,138) in 72 hours.The technical success of both procedures was 100%. While there was significant improvement in 20 of 22 patients who underwent PA, only one of them was performed twice and completely recovered (4.5%). Complication rates were low in both groups and were statistically insignificant (p:1,00).ConclusionIn this pandemic period, PA and PC procedures are effective, reliable, successful treatment method that can be applied at the bedside for critical patients with AC who are not compatible with surgery, which are safe for health workers, low risk minimal invasive procedures for patients. In uncomplicated AC patients, PA should be performed, and if there is no response to treatment, PC should be reserved as a salvage procedure. The PC procedure should be performed in patients with AC who have developed complications and are not suitable for surgery.
Prevalence of Metal Contaminants In Rice And Their Potential Health Risks to The Bahamian Population – A Preliminary Study
Authors: Watson Carlton , Gustave Williamson 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rice is among the most important staple foods worldwide. However, the consumption of rice and rice products poses a potential health risk since rice can hyperaccumulate arsenic (As) and other heavy metals in their grains. In The Bahamas, although rice is heavily consumed, it is not grown locally. Instead, all the consumed rice and its derived products are imported. Recent food surveys in the major rice exporting countries have shown that a significant portion of their market rice products is contaminated with As. However, to date, the prevalence of As in the rice foods available in The Bahamas remains unknown. Therefore, in this study we surveyed the occurrence of As in a selection of rice and rice products that were on sale in the Bahamian market. A total of 21 different rice brands collected. The concentration of As and the potential health risk were estimated by target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR). Our results showed that only 2% of the samples had an estimated inorganic arsenic (iAs) concentration above the World Health Organization (WHO) safety limits (200 µg/kg) - which is based on global average consumption. However, when we factor for average rice consumption in The Bahamas (486.5 g), 79% of the rice samples had iAs concentration values indicative of carcinogenic risks and 57% had iAs concentration values that suggested non-carcinogen health risks. Based on our results, we recommend urgent follow up studies to further test rice varieties that show the greatest LCR and HI values and to also broaden the study to include more off-brand/generic varieties, cooked rice as well as drinking water.
Correcting Systematic Errors by Hybrid 2D Correlation Loss Functions in nonlinear inverse modelling
Authors: Mayerhoefer Thomas , Noda Isao , Pahlow Susanne , Heintzmann Rainer , Popp Jürgen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recently a new family of loss functions called smart error sums has been suggested. These loss functions account for correlations within experimental data and force modeled data to obey these correlations. As a result, multiplicative systematic errors of experimental data can be revealed and corrected. The smart error sums are based on 2D correlation analysis which is a comparably recent methodology for analyzing spectroscopic data that has found broad application. In this contribution we mathematically generalize and break down this methodology and the smart error sums to uncover the mathematic roots and simplify it to craft a general tool beyond spectroscopic modelling. This reduction also allows a simplified discussion about limits and prospects of this new method including one of its potential future uses as a sophisticated loss function in deep learning. To support its deployment, the work includes computer code to allow reproduction of the basic results.
Massed strandings of whales and dolphins – effects of wind, waves and tides.
Authors: Baines Peter George , Day Robert W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We have examined125 mass-stranding events of cetaceans ( > = 10 individuals) on New Zealand shores over the past 40 years, with a view to understanding the causes of this longstanding puzzling phenomenon. The wind, waves, wave refraction, shore slopes and tides at the dates and locations of these events were considered. The mass-strandings involved 10 different species, but by far the most common involved the Long-finned Pilot Whale, Globicephala melas edwardii. We find that the data appear to be consistent with a three-stage process. The first stage is that when an animal becomes ill, its body may become bloated and float on the surface, and the wind and waves may drive it onshore. The second stage is that pod members may accompany a dying (incapacitated) or dead body as a result of strong social bonds, in species that live in pods. The third stage involves the tides and the beach slope. If these are of sufficient amplitude, the nearby attendees will quickly become stranded in the intertidal region of a gently sloping beach, as the water level falls. We have evaluated the evidence we have available for the first and third stages, omitting strandings inside estuaries. In the overwhelming majority (91%) of these mass-strandings, the data indicate that wind and waves would have driven floating bodies toward the stranding site. Examination of the nearshore slopes and the tide ranges at the stranding sites showed that the vast majority were on slowly shelving beaches with large tidal ranges, so that the water level would retreat rapidly over 10s of metres. These 2 results are even more pronounced if only mass strandings of Long-fin Pilot Whales are considered.
Inheritance of Eight Characters in Intra- and Interspecific Crosses Among Five Carica Species1
Authors: Mekako H. U. , Nakasone H. Y. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The inheritance of 8 monogenically controlled plant, fruit, and seed characters in Carica species is reported. The gene for red stem is dominant to that for green stem and the gene for red petiole is dominant to that for green stem and the gene for red petiole is dominant to that for green petiole. Genes for white and purple-blush flower colors are dominant to those for pale yellow; while the gene for red skin color of ripe fruit is dominant to that for yellow. However, the gene for red skin color is not dominant to that for orange skin color; the heterozygote has pink-skinned fruits. The gene for ridging on the fruit (carpel fusion lines) is dominant to that for wide groove, which in turn is dominant to that for narrow groove. Spiny vs. non-spiny seed coat produces an intermediate F1, indicating no dominance. The gene for succulent fruit pulp is dominant to that for dry pulp. The gene for bushy branching is dominant to that for sparse branching.
The Determination of Lethal Freezing Temperatures in Buds and Stems of Deciduous Azalea by a Freezing Curve Method1
Authors: Graham Phillip R. , Mullin Robert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Florets of overwintering azalea, Rhododendron spp., were found to avoid cold injury by prevention of ice formation in the floret tissues. When crystallization did occur it was invariably lethal. The temperatures at which florets froze were readily identified from the recorded cooling curves of individual florets during controlled cooling tests since an exotherm occurred at the moment of ice crystallization. Depending upon cultivar and temperature, exotherms were observed between −15 and −43°C during midwinter. Each excised intact floret produced only 1 exotherm. In contrast there were 3 exotherms in cooling curves of hardened stem sections. The 3rd exotherm which occurred between −37 and −42° in midwinter appeared to coincide with the exact lethal temperature for stems.
An Analysis of Interregional and Foreign Competition for Carnations1
Authors: Robertson J. L. , Sullivan G. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A quantitative evaluation of interregional competition among foreign and domestic carnation producers in U.S. markets was completed using linear programming. Employing a revised transportation model, parameters included current carnation production costs, transportation rates, domestic consumption, domestic production, and foreign supplies. The sensitivity of the results to changes in parameters was examined through the application of alternative regional supply capabilities capabilities and tariff rates.
Results indicated that under current regional cost relationships, California and Colorado have a competitive advantage in most U.S. markets over producers in all other domestic and foreign production areas. While California and Colorado producers have expanded carnation production in recent years, they have not fully utilized their economic advantage in expanding rapidly enough to meet increases in domestic demand and competition from Latin America. Producers in all domestic production areas except California and Colorado were found to be at a competitive disadvantage due to higher production costs and greater seasonal fluctuations in carnation quality and quantity.
A Study of Flower Bud Hardiness in Azalea1
Authors: Graham Phillip R. , Mullin Robert 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A rapid freezing test was used to study the acclimation of flower buds in 7 cultivars of deciduous azalea (Rhododendron spp.). The exotherm temperature of 10 excised florets was used as an estimate of flower bud hardiness. In late September florets showed a range of lethal freezing temperature of −8 to −19°C. Floret lethal temperature decreased, the rate of change depending upon both environment and cultivar, until late February when florets of 5 cultivars had reached maximum hardiness, ranging from −7 to −43°C, Fluctuations in environmental temperature caused rapid hardening and dehardening even in January and February. Hardy cultivars avoided injury by responding to changes in temperature more rapidly than tender ones. The hardiness of florets was highly correlated with moisture content. Avoidance of freezing injury depends more upon the ability to lose water rapidly from floret tissues than upon the maximum hardiness level the floret is capable of reaching.
Aluminum Toxicity Symptoms in Peach Seedlings1
Authors: Edwards J. H. , Horton B. D. , Kirkpatrick H. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Elberta’ (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) peach seedlings were grown in nutrient solutions for 27 days with aluminum concentrations of 0, 222, 666 and 2000 μm; the 2000 μm concentration induced A1 toxicity symptoms in leaves and severely restricted root growth. The early stage of A1 toxicity was characterized by marginal chlorosis that later developed into necrotic areas that extended along the veins toward the midrib. Advanced stages of toxicity were characterized by collapse of the midrib, terminal dieback and defoliation of the seedlings which are typical symptoms of calcium deficiency in peaches. At high A1 concentrations roots died back and new roots developed as irregularly shaped cylinders with constrictions and enlargements at the root apex.
Nitrogen Fertilization of Bermudagrass Turf through an Irrigation System1
Authors: Snyder G. H. , Burt E. O. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization of ‘Tifgreen’ bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) through an irrigation system (fertigation) was examined in a replicated factorial design study on Pompano fine sand soil. Nitrogen was applied at 2 rates: 9.77 and 4.89 g/m2/month, by 3 methods: 1) fertigation daily with urea, 2) fertigation weekly with urea, and 3) dry fertilization bi-monthly with ureaformaldehyde. All plots received daily irrigation. Turf appearance and clipping yields were significantly better at the higher N rate, but were generally unaffected by the 3 methods of application. Fertigation appeared to be a practical and convenient method of making frequent light applications of N.
Radiation Environment of Growth Chambers1
Authors: Tibbitts T. W. , McFarlane J. C. , Krizek D. T. , Berry W. L. , Hammer P. A. , Langhans R. W. , Larson R. A. , Ormrod D. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Radiation measurements with different types of meters in several controlled environment facilities have been compiled to demonstrate the problems associated with insuring uniform radiation levels in separate faciities. Data are provided for a quantum meter, three photometers, a pyranometer and a far-red energy meter. Significant variations in total radiant energy in chambers under similar photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels were demonstrated. Measurement of light under cool white fluorescent and incandescent lighting with calibrated photometers from different manufacturers, varied by 20%. Greater variation occurred when photometer measurements were compared under different types of lamps. One of the most significant variations in different chambers was the intensity of incandescent radiation. This could only be effectively monitored and controlled with the far-red sensor. Factors are given for conversion between quantum, photometric and radiometric measurements, but high precision cannot be assumed in the use of these factors because of the differences in instrument sensitivity and variations in spectral output of lamps. The study documents the need for calibration of instruments under the same type of light source that is utilized in the growth chambers and for the use of more than one type of sensing instrument to quantify the radiation that controls plant growth.
Fluoride Susceptibility of Tomato Plants as Affected by Magnesium Nutrition1
Authors: MacLean D. C. , Schneider R. E. , McCune D. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Bonny Best) grown in sand culture and provided with a complete nutrient solution or solutions containing sub- or supraoptimal Mg concentrations were fumigated with hydrogen fluoride (HF) at 5.0 or 9.7 μg F/m3 for 7 days. The severity of HF-induced chlorosis on apical and medial leaves was enhanced in Mg-deficient plants and suppressed in plants grown at the highest level of Mg. Foliar accumulation of fluoride (F) from exposure to the highest HF concentration was inhibited in plants provided the lowest and highest Mg levels. The presence of necrotic tissue probably suppressed the accumulation of F in Mg-deficient plants; however, it was not a factor in plants given supraoptimal Mg. The interactive effects of HF and Mg on foliar injury and F accumulation revealed that Mg-deficient plants were more susceptible and plants given excess Mg were more tolerant to HF than plants cultured on complete nutrient medium.
Factors Affecting Respiration in Cut Roses1
Authors: Kaltaler R. E. L. , Steponkus Peter L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Vase-life of roses (Rosa hybrida L. cv. Forever Yours) placed in the modified Cornell Solution (2% sucrose + 200 mg 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate/liter) was increased over distilled water by nearly a week. Petal sugars decreased only slightly in roses maintained in distilled water but a rapid decline of respiratory control (RC) of mitochondria occurred after 3 days and was finally lost as vase-life ended. However, petal sugars nearly doubled in flowers in the preservative and the decline in RC of mitochondria occurred at a gradual rate and was never lost. The data indicate that the end of vase-life and the decline in respiration during rose flower senescence is not due to substrate limitations, but to the inability of the mitochondria to utilize the substrate. Exogenous sugars seem to be maintaining mitochondrial structure and function rather than providing substrates.
Cold Acclimation of Chrysanthemum Callus Cultures1
Authors: Bannier L. J. , Steponkus Peter L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Callus cultures of various cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. have been shown to undergo cold acclimation. Unacclimated callus was able to survive freezing down to only −6.6°C, whereas callus acclimated for 6 weeks at 4.5° exhibited complete survival down to −16.1°. Callus age was an important factor in determining the ability to undergo cold acclimation. Callus, 28 days old or older (from subculturing), was severely limited in acclimation capacity. This time coincided with depletion of substrates in the medium and increased formation of vascular tissue. Regrowth measurements were of limited value in measuring freezing survival due to the variability in growth rates of individual calluses. However, the refined triphenyl tetrazolium test was satisfactory for quantitatively measuring callus survival immediately following freezing, but was unsuitable for predicting the amount of callus regrowth four weeks after freezing.
Effect of Placement of Phosphorus Fertilizer and Lime upon Growth of ‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Trees1
Authors: Shelton J. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Surface applications of dolomitic limestone raised the pH from 4.3 to 6.2 with diminishing effect to 15 cm. Although the pH was affected to 15 cm the available Ca was raised only to a depth of 7.5 cm. When the lime was applied in discrete zones as subsurface applications, the pH was raised to 6.1 and maintained at 5.8 to a depth of 30 cm. When lime and superphosphate were applied on the surface the distribution of Ca and P with depth was improved. Concentrations of Ca and P in leaf tissue of ‘Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ (Malusdomestica Borkh.) apple trees were increased more by subsurface than surface applications of lime and superphosphate. However, the greater effectiveness of subsurface over surface applications in maintaining leaf concentrations was not sustained and did not result in increased growth.
Growth responses were obtained from applications of superphosphate and lime, regardless of method of application. Leaf Ca and P concentrations of 0.95–1.10 and 0.20–0.25, respectively, were associated with maximum growth.
Altering the Sensitivity of Carnation Flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) to Ethylene1
Authors: Mayak Shimon , Kofranek Anton M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Frequent irrigation regimes, and cool storage increased the sensitivity of carnation cut flowers to ethylene which was reflected by a shorter residual flower life. A combination of cytokinins, 0.23 m<sc>M</sc> kinetin or isopentyl adenine (IPA), with 5% w/v sucrose reduced the sensitivity to ethylene and increased longevity 2 to 2.6 times, respectively. The reversible and irreversible wilting response to ethylene is discussed.