bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Control Trial for ReDeSign: A Dementia-Friendly Mobile Microlearning Training for Store Workers in Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroshige , Hagiwara Yasuhiro , Yamamoto-Mitani Noriko , Igarashi Ayumi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Dementia-friendly training should be incorporated in neighborhood stores for people living with dementia to maintain engagement in social activities. However, there is a lack of evidence of dementia-friendly training in these workplaces, and existing trainings have time constraints. We developed a mobile microlearning program based on stigma theory and the bystander intervention model. This study aimed to evaluate the microlearning program’s effectiveness.

Research Design and Methods
Convenience store workers in Tokyo were recruited for a randomized, waiting-list, and controlled trial. The intervention group completed a 50-min online course. The primary outcome was an attitude toward people living with dementia. The secondary outcomes were knowledge of dementia and helping behavior toward customers suspected of having dementia. Data were collected at baseline, after 1 month, and 4 months following the randomization.

Results
Process evaluations confirmed satisfaction and high completion rates of the program. In total, 150 participants were included in the analysis. The intervention group showed significantly greater improvements in attitude (Hedge’s g = 0.70) and knowledge (g = 0.59) after 1 month, compared to the control group. Helping behavior increased in the intervention group, although it did not differ significantly between the groups. All outcomes remained significantly improved after 4 months.

Discussion and Implications
The findings provide evidence that dementia-friendly training reduces the general public’s stigma and increases helping behavior in stores. Mitigation of time constraints through mobile microlearning is expected to contribute to the dissemination and help people living with dementia maintain their social participation in the communities.
Clinical Trials Registration Number: UMIN000043623
3-D complex resistivity imaging using controlled source electromagnetic data: a multistage procedure using a second order polynomial parametrization
Authors: Porté J , Bretaudeau F , Girard J F 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARY
In some Earth materials, significant induced polarization (IP) phenomena are occurring when an electric perturbation is applied. These mechanisms are described by a frequency-dependent complex resistivity (CR). The study of the CR spectral signature allows to access indirectly to several properties of interest of the subsurface linked to the interaction between the pore space and fluids. CR is usually studied using the electrical method with a direct current approximation, neglecting by the way electromagnetic (EM) induction that can occur in the data. However, EM induction increases with frequency and offset, resulting in limitations at high frequencies or for the investigation of deep target. We implemented a frequency-dependent CR in a 3-D finite-differences (FD) modelling and inversion code for frequency domain controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data to take into consideration IP information contained in EM data or reciprocally. The CSEM methods are resistivity imaging techniques using multifrequency EM fields that fully take into account EM induction with large investigation depth. Following a preliminary sensitivity study, a multistage inversion framework was designed to constrain the multiparameter inverse problem. Furthermore, to manage the increasing number of parameters, a second-order polynomial parametrization is used to describe independently frequency variation of CR norm and phase. We demonstrate the method through 1-D and 3-D synthetic data inversions for a deep-target model. We show that we were able to recover the CR and its frequency variation from CSEM data in the IP/EM coupling domain for 1-D targets. The problem of deep polarizable 3-D targets is more challenging and the resolution of the recovered CR spectrum was impacted. Nevertheless, we retrieved from a model containing several polarizable anomalies some crucial information allowing the discrimination of the targets from the non-polarizable background and from different spectral CR signatures. Our inversion strategy allows thus accessing to IP parameters of the medium in an extended frequency domain by fully taking EM induction information into account.
MaDREB1F confers cold and drought stress resistance through common regulation of hormone synthesis and protectant metabolite contents in banana
Authors: Xu Yi , Hu Wei , Song Shun , Ye Xiaoxue , Ding Zehong , Liu Juhua , Wang Zhuo , Li Jingyang , Hou Xiaowan , Xu Biyu , Jin Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Adverse environmental factors severely affect crop productivity. Improving crop resistance to multiple stressors is an important breeding goal. Although CBFs/DREB1s extensively participate in plant resistance to abiotic stress, the common mechanism underlying CBFs/DREB1s that mediate resistance to multiple stressors remains unclear. Here, we show the common mechanism for MaDREB1F conferring cold and drought stress resistance in banana. MaDREB1F encodes a dehydration-responsive element binding protein (DREB) transcription factor with nuclear localization and transcriptional activity. MaDREB1F expression is significantly induced after cold, osmotic, and salt treatments. MaDREB1F overexpression increases banana resistance to cold and drought stress by common modulation of the protectant metabolite levels of soluble sugar and proline, activating the antioxidant system, and promoting jasmonate and ethylene syntheses. Transcriptomic analysis shows that MaDREB1F activates or alleviates the repression of jasmonate and ethylene biosynthetic genes under cold and drought conditions. Moreover, MaDREB1F directly activates the promoter activities of MaAOC4 and MaACO20 for jasmonate and ethylene syntheses, respectively, under cold and drought conditions. MaDREB1F also targets the MaERF11 promoter to activate MaACO20 expression for ethylene synthesis under drought stress. Together, our findings offer new insight into the common mechanism underlying CBF/DREB1-mediated cold and drought stress resistance, which has substantial implications for engineering cold- and drought-tolerant crops.
Assessing the digital literacy levels of the community pharmacy workforce using a survey tool
Authors: Crilly Philip , Fletcher John , Chandegra Nishma , Khalefa Asem , Rouf S K M , Zein Mohamed , Kayyali Reem 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the digital literacy of staff in London, UK, community pharmacies and to explore their perceptions about the use of eHealth tools.MethodsThe study population was community pharmacy staff (N = 21,346) in Greater London. A survey tool was divided into six sections: Use of the internet; Use of social media; Use of mobile health applications (MHAs); Perception of and practical use of digital health tools; Scenario-based questions and demographics. Responses were analysed in SPSS. Following data collection, Health Education England’s (HEE’s) Digital Capabilities Framework (DCF) was published. The authors mapped the survey tool retrospectively to the framework.Key findingsAlmost all respondents (98.0%, n = 551/562) used eHealth tools at work, mainly to access medicine information (89.8%, n = 495/551). Almost one-third (31.7%, N = 178/562) used social media regularly, while many (79.4%, N = 446/562) were aware of MHAs. Self-perceived digital literacy indicated that 63.3% (n = 356/562) deemed themselves to be above average. Under 35s rated their digital literacy more highly than over 35s (P &lt; 0.001). HEE’s DCF indicated that actual digital literacy was lower than that of self-perceived. Despite the high use of eHealth tools, respondents were reluctant to recommend these to the public for health advice.ConclusionsCommunity pharmacy staff self-report their digital literacy to be high yet do not use these skills for public health purposes. Furthermore, these self-reported skills appear to be over-estimated. Despite high levels of use of digital tools at work, staff do not use them for public health, therefore, further training to build confidence to better utilise them is recommended.
A systematic review on methods for developing and validating deprescribing tools for older adults with limited life expectancy
Authors: Shrestha Shakti , Poudel Arjun , Forough Ayda S , Steadman Kathryn J , Nissen Lisa M 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesA number of deprescribing tools are available to assist clinicians to make decisions on medication management. We aimed to review deprescribing tools that may be used with older adults that have limited life expectancy (LLE), including those at the palliative and end-of-life stage, and consider the rigour with which the tools were developed and validated.Key findingsLiterature was searched in PubMed, Embase, CINHAL and Google Scholar until February 2021 for studies involving the development and/or consensus validation of deprescribing tools targeting those aged ≥65 years with LLE. We were interested in the tool development process, tool validation process and clinical components addressed by the tool.Six studies were included. The approaches followed for tool development were systematic review (n = 3), expert-literature review (n = 2) and concept data (n = 1). The content included a list of disease-non-specific medications divided with or without recommendations (n = 4) and disease-specific medications with recommendations (n = 2). The tool validation was performed using the Delphi method (n = 4) or GRADE framework (n = 2) with panel size ranging from 8 to 17 and 60–80% consensus agreement with or without a rating scale. LLE targeted were ≤1 year (n = 2) or ≤3 months (n = 1).SummaryThere is a limited number of deprescribing tools with consensus validation available for use in older adults with LLE. These tools are either targeted for disease-specific medication/medication class guided by the GRADE framework or targeted for a list of medications or medication classes irrespective of disease that are developed using a combination of approaches and validated using a Delphi method.
Discharge to post–acute care and other predictors of prolonged length of stay during the initial COVID-19 surge: a single site analysis
Authors: O’neil Jessica C , Geisler Benjamin P , Rusinak Donna , Bassett Ingrid V , Triant Virginia A , Mckenzie Rachael , Mattison Melissa L , Baughman Amy W 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the initial surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), health-care utilization fluctuated dramatically, straining acute hospital capacity across the USA and potentially contributing to excess mortality.MethodsThis was an observational retrospective study of patients with COVID-19 admitted to a large US urban academic medical center during a 12-week COVID-19 surge in the Spring of 2020. We describe patterns in length of stay (LOS) over time. Our outcome of interest was prolonged LOS (PLOS), which we defined as 7 or more days. We performed univariate analyses of patient characteristics, clinical outcomes and discharge disposition to evaluate the association of each variable with PLOS and developed a final multivariate model via backward elimination, wherein all variables with a P-value above 0.05 were eliminated in a stepwise fashion.ResultsThe cohort included 1366 patients, of whom 13% died and 29% were readmitted within 30 days. The LOS (mean: 12.6) fell over time (P &lt; 0.0001). Predictors of PLOS included discharge to a post–acute care (PAC) facility (odds ratio [OR]: 11.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.6–54.0), uninsured status (OR 3.2, CI 1.1–9.1) and requiring intensive care and intubation (OR 18.4, CI 11.5–29.6). Patients had a higher readmission rate if discharged to PAC facilities (40%) or home with home health agency (HHA) services (38%) as compared to patients discharged home without HHA services (26%) (P &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionPatients hospitalized with COVID-19 during a US COVID-19 surge had a PLOS and high readmission rate. Lack of insurance, an intensive care unit stay and a decision to discharge to a PAC facility were associated with a PLOS. Efforts to decrease LOS and optimize hospital capacity during COVID-19 surges may benefit from focusing on increasing PAC and HHA capacity and resources.
From guo to tianxia: linking two Daoist theories of International Relations
Authors: Joshi Devin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study examines the international relations theory (IRT) of Daoism, one of Asia’s long-standing traditions to have theorized international politics. Drawing upon Laozi’s Dao De Jing, this study elucidates two Daoist IR theories. First, Laozi provides a state-focused guo-based IRT for conducting foreign policy and managing inter-state relations with emphasis on yielding and softness to overcome violence and domination. Second, Laozi offers a Utopian and globalist tianxia-centered IRT based on following the Dao whereby inter-state rivalry is dissolved in favor of peaceful planetary governance in harmony with the natural rhythms of the cosmos. Whereas previous scholarship often concentrates on only one of these two scenarios, I argue the two visions are tightly connected with the more pragmatic first theory envisioned as a stepping stone to obtaining the second. This link demonstrates how Daoism offers a sophisticated non-Western IRT with relevance to addressing planetary challenges today.
Oral ciprofloxacin activity against ceftriaxone-resistantEscherichia coliin anin vitrobladder infection model
Authors: Abbott Iain J , van Gorp Elke , Cottingham Hugh , Macesic Nenad , Wallis Steven C , Roberts Jason A , Meletiadis Joseph , Peleg Anton Y 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesPharmacodynamic profiling of oral ciprofloxacin dosing for urinary tract infections caused by ceftriaxone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates with ciprofloxacin MIC ≥ 0.25 mg/L.BackgroundUrine-specific breakpoints for ciprofloxacin do not exist. However, high urinary concentrations may promote efficacy in isolates with low-level resistance.MethodsCeftriaxone-resistant E. coli urinary isolates were screened for ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Fifteen representative strains were selected and tested using a dynamic bladder infection model. Oral ciprofloxacin dosing was simulated over 3 days (250 mg daily, 500 mg daily, 250 mg 12 hourly, 500 mg 12 hourly and 750 mg 12 hourly). The model was run for 96 h. Primary endpoint was change in bacterial density at 72 h. Secondary endpoints were follow-up change in bacterial density at 96 h and area-under-bacterial-kill-curve. Bacterial response was related to exposure (AUC0–24/MIC; Cmax/MIC). PTA was determined using Monte-Carlo simulation.ResultsNinety-three clinical isolates demonstrated a trimodal ciprofloxacin MIC distribution (modal MICs at 0.016, 0.25 and 32 mg/L). Fifteen selected clinical isolates (ciprofloxacin MIC 0.25–512 mg/L) had a broad range of quinolone-resistance genes. Following ciprofloxacin exposure, E. coli ATCC 25922 (MIC 0.008 mg/L) was killed in all dosing experiments. Six isolates (MIC ≥ 16 mg/L) regrew in all experiments. Remaining isolates (MIC 0.25–8 mg/L) regrew variably after an initial period of killing, depending on simulated ciprofloxacin dose. A &gt;95% PTA, using AUC0–24/MIC targets, supported 250 mg 12 hourly for susceptible isolates (MIC ≤ 0.25 mg/L). For isolates with MIC ≤ 1 mg/L, 750 mg 12 hourly promoted 3 log10 kill at the end of treatment (72 h), 1 log10 kill at follow-up (96 h) and 90% maximal activity (AUBKC0–96).ConclusionsBladder infection modelling supports oral ciprofloxacin activity against E. coli with low-level resistance (ciprofloxacin MIC ≤ 1 mg/L) when using high dose therapy (750 mg 12 hourly).
In vitro activity of gepotidacin against urine isolates of Escherichia coli from outpatient departments in Germany
Authors: Kresken Michael , Wohlfarth Esther , Weikel Chase , Butler Deborah , Pfeifer Yvonne , Werner Guido ,   ‘Antimicrobial Resistance’ Study Group of the Paul Ehrlich Society for Infection Therapy, Anlauf G , Berwian E , Korkmaz M , Wernicke S , Artz L , Baadte B , Betz U , Cremer J , Eigner U , Esser J , Fenner I , Ferner R , Friederichs C , Geisel R , Grundmann Y , Haas C , Haftendorn I , Hamann I , Hermann T , Hoffmann I , Holfelder M , Hönerlage W , Hugo F , Kolbert M , Krämer S , Krajewski R , Kühnen E , Mack D , Mair A , Meerbach A , Pranada A , Prian M , Purr I , Reinecke A , Reinhardt B , Sahly H , Schmitt S , Schuhmacher U , Siedlaczek A , Sitaru G , Sperber S , Stelter J , Wisplinghoff H , Wolff D , Wydra S , Zimmer C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Escherichia coli is the leading pathogen of community-acquired urinary tract infections. Gepotidacin is a novel, bactericidal, first-in-class triazaacenaphthylene oral antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA replication by a distinct mechanism of action that confers activity against most strains of target pathogens, such as E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including those resistant to other antibiotics.

Objectives
This study assessed the in vitro activity of gepotidacin in comparison with ciprofloxacin and other oral standard-of-care antibiotics using a large collection of urine isolates of E. coli obtained from outpatients in Germany.

Methods
Four hundred and sixty E. coli collected from 23 laboratories during a surveillance study in 2019/2020 were tested. Forty-six isolates (10.0%) produced an ESBL of the CTX-M family, half of which belonged to MDR clonal subgroups of E. coli ST131. Antibiotic susceptibilities were tested at a reference laboratory by broth microdilution according to the standard ISO 20776-1.

Results
Fifty-three (11.5%) isolates were ciprofloxacin resistant, 25 (47.2%) of which also produced an ESBL. Overall, MIC50/90 values for gepotidacin were 2/4 mg/L (MIC range 0.125–16 mg/L), with no differences in activity between ciprofloxacin-susceptible and ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, ESBL-producing and non-ESBL isolates, O25b-ST131 isolates, and isolates susceptible or resistant to fosfomycin, mecillinam or nitrofurantoin.

Conclusions
Gepotidacin showed promising in vitro activity against urine isolates of E. coli, including ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, ESBL-producing isolates and isolates resistant to oral standard-of-care antibiotics.
A novel peptide isolated from Catla skin collagen acts as a self-assembling scaffold promoting nucleation of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite nanocrystals
Authors: Asokan Vishwadeep , Yelleti Geethika , Bhat Chetna , Bajaj Mayur , Banerjee Pradipta 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCatla collagen hydrolysate (CH) was fractionated by chromatography and each fraction was subjected to HA nucleation, with the resultant HA-fraction composites being scored based on the structural and functional group of the HA formed. The process was repeated till a single peptide with augmented HA nucleation capacity was obtained. The peptide (4.6 kDa), exhibited high solubility, existed in polyproline-II conformation and displayed a dynamic yet stable hierarchical self-assembling property. The 3D modelling of the peptide revealed multiple calcium and phosphate binding sites and a high propensity to self-assemble. Structural analysis of the peptide-HA crystals revealed characteristic diffraction planes of HA with mineralization following the (002) plane, retention of the self-assembled hierarchy of the peptide and intense ionic interactions between carboxyl groups and calcium. The peptide-HA composite crystals were mostly of 25–40 nm dimensions and displayed 79% mineralization, 92% crystallinity, 39.25% porosity, 12GPa Young’s modulus and enhanced stability in physiological pH. Cells grown on peptide-HA depicted faster proliferation rates and higher levels of osteogenic markers. It was concluded that the prerequisite for HA nucleation by a peptide included: a conserved sequence with a unique charge topology allowing calcium chelation and its ability to form a dynamic self-assembled hierarchy for crystal propagation.
Molecular ecology of the sleeper shark subgenusSomniosus (Somniosus)reveals genetic homogeneity within species and lack of support forS. antarcticus
Authors: Timm Laura E , Tribuzio Cindy , Walter Ryan P , Larson Wesley A , Murray Brent W , Hussey Nigel E , Wildes Sharon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInferences made from molecular data support regional stock assessment goals by providing insights into the genetic population dynamics of enigmatic species. Population genomics metrics, such as genetic diversity and population connectivity, serve as useful proxies for species health and stability. Sleeper sharks (genus Somniosus) are ecologically important deep-sea predators, estimated to reach ages of 250 to 300 yr and taking decades to reach sexual maturity. The subgenus Somniosus (Somniosus) is comprised of 3 species: S. pacificus, S. microcephalus, and S. antarcticus. Given the life history strategy of somniosids, they are vulnerable to overfishing and population declines. Further, data to assess the stocks of these species are limited. To address this deficiency, we used the reduced representation library method Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to conduct phylogenomic and population genomics analyses, providing novel information for use in stock assessments. Our results strongly support the species status of S. microcephalus (N = 79), but recover S. antarcticus (N = 2) intermixed within the S. pacificus (N = 170) clade. Population genomics analyses reveal genetic homogeneity within S. pacificus and S. microcephalus, and estimates of effective population size were in the hundreds for both species. Kinship analysis identified 2 first-degree relative pairs within our dataset (1 within each species). Our results contribute new information for stock assessments of these uniquely long-lived species by providing the strongest molecular evidence to date for the synonymization of S. antarcticus and S. pacificus, as well as estimating population genomic metrics for each supported species within the Somniosus (Somniosus) subgenus.
Radiotherapy for ductal carcinoma of the prostate: an analysis based on the Japanese radiation oncology study group survey
Authors: Kawamura Hidemasa , Nakamura Katsumasa , Yoshioka Yasuo , Itasaka Satoshi , Tomita Natsuo , Onishi Masahiro , Iwata Hiromitsu , Aizawa Takuya , Kikuchi Koyo , Nagata Kenji , Nakamura Kiyonao , Nishioka Kentaro , Ishiyama Hiromichi , Ueno Shuichi , Kokubo Masaki , Yamazaki Hideya , Watanabe Kenta , Toyoda Tatsuya , Akimoto Tetsuo ,   JROSG Working Subgroup of Urologic Oncology
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
The clinical characteristics of prostate ductal carcinoma is still unclear, and treatment strategy has not yet been established due to its rarity. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter survey of radiation therapy for prostate ductal carcinoma in Japan.

Method
Data of patients with ductal carcinoma of the prostate treated with radiation therapy between 1996 and 2018 were extracted from the database of each facility.

Results
Fifty-two treatment records of 41 patients were collected from nine institutions. The treatment purpose and situations were varied curative intent to palliation. Twenty-eight patients received curative treatments. The median follow-up period of these patients was 68 months. Androgen deprivation therapy was combined with radiation therapy in 26 cases (93%). X-ray and particle irradiation was used. Radiation dose range was 63–78 Gy; 5-year overall survival, progression-free survival and biochemical relapse-free survival were 87.0, 79.3 and 79.3%, respectively. One patient experienced Grade 3 radiation proctitis and one experienced Grade 3 radiation cystitis. There were no Grade 4 or worse adverse events.

Conclusion
Most patient received similar treatment with adenocarcinoma of prostate, and the clinical results were compatible. For more reliable evidence, further studies are required.