bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogeochemical analysis and identification of solute sources in the meltwater of Chaturangi glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Bisht Harish , Kotlia Bahadur Singh , Kumar Kireet , Taloor Ajay Kumar , Arya Prakash Chandra , Sah Saurabh Kumar , Agnihotri Vasudha , Tewari Mohit , Upadhyay Rajeev 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an insight on major ion chemistry and identification of solute sources in meltwater of Chaturangi glacier throughout the ablation period 2015 and 2016. The results indicate that meltwater is slightly acidic with Ca–HCO3 and Mg–HCO3 dominated hydrochemical facies. In meltwater, Ca2+ and HCO3− are the most dominant cation and anion, respectively. The Water Quality Index values show that the quality of meltwater is good for both the ablation seasons. An important factor governing the quality of water is the residence time for dissolving minerals from the rocks. Mineralogy of surrounding rocks and Gibbs plot suggest that the meltwater ionic concentration is mostly controlled by weathering of rocks with slight contribution from atmospheric aerosols. For meltwater, the average equivalent ratios of Na/Cl and K/Cl were calculated as 3.36 ± 1.29 and 2.29 ± 0.62 in 2015 and 1.39 ± 0.6 and 0.8 ± 0.2 in 2016, which are considerably higher than the marine aerosols (Na/Cl = 0.85 and K/Cl = 0.017), it also confirmed the less contribution of atmospheric input in meltwater. The petrographic analysis of surrounding rocks indicate positive relationship among the cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) and mineral abundance. Our observations suggest that the bedrock mineralogy and weathering reactions together with amount and composition of atmospheric inputs are the main sources of ions, dissolved in the glacier meltwater. It might be due to rate of chemical reaction which leads decomposition of rocks and leaching of minerals into the meltwater. Additionally, the geology of the area plays a significant as the influence of geology and climate on water quality is observed by the quantity and types of dissolved materials and amount of the sediment carried by the streams. The elevated proportion of Ca + Mg in total cations and high Ca + Mg/(Na + K ratios, 1.47 ± 0.14 in the year 2015 and 1.44 ± 0.28 in 2016 clearly reveal that the ionic composition is primarily controlled by carbonate weathering and partly by silicate weathering. Further, the low Na + K/TZ− ratio (0.41 ± 0.02) and (0.22 ± 0.05) in 2015 and 2016, respectively also supports that carbonate weathering is main geochemical process controlling the hydrochemistry of meltwater. In addition, the ion denudation rate was calculated for both the years. The results show that the cation denudation rate of meltwater was 32.84 and 22.30 ton/km2/ablation during 2015 and 2016, respectively, whereas the anion denudation rate was found to be 205.43 in 2015 and 170.24 ton/km2/ablation in 2016.
From time to times
Authors: Kondratiev Yuri 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We give an overview of the concept of random time changes in evolution processes. First of all, we discuss random times in Markov processes. Secondly, we propose to use the concept of random times for dynamical systems. In both cases did appear fractional evolution equations. In the case of Markov processes we arrive to fractional Kolmogorov equations. For dynamical systems it leads to fractional Liouville equations.
On the fractional Laplacian of variable order
Authors: Darve Eric , D’Elia Marta , Garrappa Roberto , Giusti Andrea , Rubio Natalia L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present a novel definition of variable-order fractional Laplacian on

$${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

based on a natural generalization of the standard Riesz potential. Our definition holds for values of the fractional parameter spanning the entire open set (0, n/2). We then discuss some properties of the fractional Poisson’s equation involving this operator and we compute the corresponding Green’s function, for which we provide some instructive examples for specific problems.
Upper and lower estimates for the separation of solutions to fractional differential equations
Authors: Diethelm Kai , Tuan Hoang The 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Given a fractional differential equation of order

$$\alpha \in (0,1]$$

α
∈
(
0
,
1
]

with Caputo derivatives, we investigate in a quantitative sense how the associated solutions depend on their respective initial conditions. Specifically, we look at two solutions

$$x_1$$

x
1

and

$$x_2$$

x
2

, say, of the same differential equation, both of which are assumed to be defined on a common interval [0, T], and provide upper and lower bounds for the difference

$$x_1(t) - x_2(t)$$

x
1

(
t
)

-

x
2

(
t
)

for all

$$t \in [0,T]$$

t
∈
[
0
,
T
]

that are stronger than the bounds previously described in the literature.
Classifications of Adenomyosis and Correlation of Phenotypes in Imaging and Histopathology to Clinical Outcomes: a Review
Authors: Tellum Tina , Munro Malcolm G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review

To provide an update on published classification and reporting systems for adenomyosis. There is an urgent need to standardize reporting of various phenotypes of adenomyosis into a validated and globally recognized system. This can be used to examine the nature and severity of adenomyosis symptoms and inform the design, evaluation, and implementation of appropriate treatment options.

Recent Findings

In recent years, several new proposals for adenomyosis classification have emerged. Most are MRI-based and include features such as uterine size, junctional zone thickness, size and location of the lesions, and distribution patterns. To date, none of those proposals has been validated. Only one recent classification based on transvaginal ultrasound was validated for interobserver congruence and correlated to clinical findings. However, the differentiation of diffuse and focal adenomyosis still lacks consensus. In addition, only a few authors advocated imaging-based definitions.

Summary

There is a need for one or a combination of a classification and reporting system for adenomyosis. To date, there is no widely accepted and validated system.
Scope of Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Wheel Rims for Formula Student Racecars: A Finite Element Analytical approach
Authors: Kandukuri Sai Yashwanth , Pai Anand , Manikandan M 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWheel rims are vital components critical to the safety of an automobile. Conventional wheel rims have utilized monolithic materials like aluminium and magnesium alloys in replacement to heavier steel rims. To reduce the weight of the formula car, lightweight composite wheel rims with higher stiffness are explored in the current work. Composite wheel rims are still in their nascent stage for commercial automotive applications, although they are commonly seen more in motorsports. The factors like complex design, high cost, and difficulty in fabrication are some of the demerits of composite wheel rims. Formula Manipal racing has been building race cars for Formula India events for over 13 years, on which aluminium wheel rims were standardly fitted. In the current work, the design and finite element analysis of carbon fibre wheels rims were undertaken to replace the aluminium wheel rims after a thorough consideration of other potential materials also. The modelling was carried out on CATIA3DX®, and finite element analysis was carried out using the ANSYS COMPOSITE PREP/POST (ACP)® module for laminate stackup and structural analysis tools for mechanical response. From the studies, the carbon fibre rims reduced the weight significantly by 42% while improving the factor of safety by 41% as compared to the current aluminium wheel rims while thermally outperforming magnesium and titanium alloys.
Radiographic differences observed following apexification vs revascularization in necrotic immature molars and incisors: a follow-up study of 18 teeth
Authors: Caleza-Jiménez C. , Ribas-Pérez D. , Biedma-Perea M. , Solano-Mendoza B. , Mendoza-Mendoza A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effectiveness of apexification versus revascularization in the treatment of necrotic immature teeth and determine which strategy affords the greatest radiological success rate.

Methods
An analysis was made of 18 teeth subjected to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) apical plugging and regenerative endodontic treatment, assessing healing of the apical lesions and the changes in root dimensions.

Results
Significantly greater root growth was observed with revascularization in terms of the percentage change in length (12.75% at 6 months) and dentin thickness (34.57% at 6 months) (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two treatments in terms of the apical healing scores after 6 months of follow-up (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Apexification with an MTA apical plug and pulp regeneration are reliable treatments for non-vital immature teeth. The radiographic outcomes are comparable between the immature teeth subjected to MTA apexification versus those subjected to revascularization. The results of the present study indicate a greater increase in root length and width with regenerative endodontic treatment.
Intrinsic metrics in ring domains
Authors: Rainio Oona 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThree hyperbolic-type metrics including the triangular ratio metric, the$$j^*$$j∗-metric, and the Möbius metric are studied in an annular ring. The Euclidean midpoint rotation is introduced as a method to create upper and lower bounds for these metrics, and their sharp inequalities are found. A new Möbius-invariant lower bound is proved for the conformal capacity of a general ring domain by using a symmetric quantity defined with the Möbius metric.
Implementing Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Routine Care: Healthcare Practitioners’ Attitude and Perceived Level of Normalization After a Single Information Event
Authors: Netter Anna-Lena , Etzelmueller Anne , Kircher Tilo , Rapley Tim , Ebert David Daniel , Brakemeier Eva-Lotta 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding implementation-related factors and processes is key to ensuring that Internet-based interventions are embedded in practice and provide added value to the delivery of evidence-based care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attitudes towards an Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) intervention for the treatment of depression as well as its level of normalization and early implementation success (operationalized as intention to use the intervention) among German health care professionals (HCP). Data were collected following onetime information sessions on an iCBT tool using the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS) and the Normalization Process Theory Measure (NoMAD). Influences of attitudes on normalization as well as influences of attitude and normalization on intention to use were analysed. Most participants (n = 78; 86.3% clinical psychologists, 9.6% general practitioners) intended to use the intervention in the future (82.1%) and had a moderately positive attitude towards iCBT interventions. The perceived level of normalization (i.e., the level of how well iCBT is integrated in practice) was moderate in the overall sample. High appeal, openness towards iCBT, low requirement to use it, and low perceived divergence (perceived difference between current and new practices) had a significant positive effect on normalization. This study indicates that iCBT can be implemented in German routine mental healthcare. However, implementation processes might benefit from tailored information campaigns that clearly highlight the effectiveness and benefits of iCBT interventions to foster openness towards iCBT interventions among HCPs.
Sozialpolitische Erzählungen – Ein Vergleich narrativer Strategien in der Finanzkrise und der Corona-Krise
Authors: Kuhlmann Johanna , Blum Sonja 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungWohlfahrtsstaaten gleichen ökonomische Ungleichheiten nicht nur aus: Sie schaffen diese auch, indem sie stratifizierend wirken und verschiedenen Bevölkerungsgruppen unterschiedliche soziale Rechte gewähren. Durch Reformen werden neue soziale Rechte geschaffen oder bestehende modifiziert; es werden Gruppen neue soziale Rechte gewährt oder soziale Rechte entzogen. Für die Legitimierung sozialpolitischer Reformen – und damit einhergehend: die Reduzierung oder Schaffung ökonomischer Ungleichheiten – spielen Narrative eine zentrale Rolle. Sie transportieren eine bestimmte und in der Regel vereinfachte Situationsbeschreibung, und zeichnen sich durch spezifische Strukturmerkmale aus. Von zentraler Bedeutung ist, wie dieZielgruppender sozialpolitischen Reformen in diesen Narrativen konstruiert werden. Insbesondere bauen entsprechende Konstruktionen auf einer Unterscheidung von „verdienten“ und „unverdienten“ Gruppen auf, die dementsprechend mit höherer/niedrigerer Wahrscheinlichkeit durch sozialpolitischen Aus- oder Rückbau adressiert werden. Der Beitrag untersucht, wie sozialpolitische Reformen in Zeiten akuter Krisen über Narrative kommuniziert werden, und wie die zentralen Zielgruppen in diesen Narrativen konstruiert werden. Mit der Kurzarbeit und dem Elterngeld werden dabei zwei Policies untersucht, die sowohl in der Finanzkrise 2008/2009 als auch in der Corona-Krise prominent wurden.
Biological function and regulation of histone 4 lysine 20 methylation in DNA damage response
Authors: Kohi Sara Moghaddam , Feng Tingting , Tian Yuan , Zhu Wei-Guo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCells are often under attack from various DNA-damaging agents. Accurate repair is required to protect cells from the genome instability induced by DNA lesions. DNA damage response (DDR) signaling involves sensitizing, transmitting, and repairing different types of damage within chromatin complexes. Chromatin is a highly ordered complex packed with repeating units of nucleosomes and linker DNA sequences. Chromatin structure, gene transcription, and various biological processes are regulated by histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitylation. Of these, the involvement of lysine methylation, regulated by numerous lysine methyltransferases and demethylases, in the DDR has been extensively explored. In particular, histone 4 lysine 20 methylation is one of the most essential histone PTMs for biological processes and ensures genome integrity. In this review, we summarize the dynamics and modulations of histone lysine methylation during the DDR. We also comprehensively describe the functions, mechanisms, and regulation of H4K20 methylation and its modifying enzymes in response to DNA damage.
The role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in mental health
Authors: Barichello Tatiana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOne hundred and thirty years after lymphoid and myeloid cells were discovered, in 2008, the researchers presented to the scientific community the population of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) identified in humans and mice. Human ILC subsets were first identified in secondary lymphoid tissues and subsequently reported in the intestine, lung, liver, skin, and meninges. ILCs (ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, and ILCreg) subgroups present plastic properties concerning cytokines, chemokines, and other mediators present in the microenvironment. ILC1s were characterized by their ability to produce interferon (IFN)-γ. ILC2s have a function in innate and adaptive type 2 inflammation by producing effector cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13. Meningeal ILC2s were activated in an IL-33-dependent mechanism releasing type-2 cytokines and demonstrating that ILC2s proliferate in reaction to IL-33 activation. ILC3s have been discovered as a significant contribution to the homeostasis of the gut barrier and as a source of IL-22. IL-22 presents a pleiotropic activity reinforcing the gut barrier immunity by stimulating anti-microbial peptide synthesis and promoting microbial regulation. Additionally, ILCs can have a pathogenic or protective effect on many disorders, and further research is needed to determine what elements influence the nature of their actions in diverse situations. The narrative review summarizes the role of the ILCs in mental health.
The role of simulation-based training in healthcare-associated infection (HAI) prevention
Authors: Kang Minji , Nagaraj Madhuri B. , Campbell Krystle K. , Nazareno Ian A. , Scott Daniel J. , Arocha Doramarie , Trivedi Julie B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives:
To perform a review of the literature on the role of simulation-based training (SBT) in healthcare-associated infection (HAI) prevention and to highlight the importance of SBT as an educational tool in infection prevention.

Methods:
We reviewed English language publications from PubMed to select original articles that utilized SBT as the primary mode of education for infection prevention efforts in acute-care hospitals.

Results:
Overall, 27 publications utilized SBT as primary mode of education for HAI prevention in acute-care hospitals. Training included the following: hand hygiene in 3 studies (11%), standard precaution in 1 study (4%), disaster preparedness in 4 studies (15%), central-line–associated blood stream infection (CLABSI) prevention in 14 studies (52%), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) prevention in 2 studies (7%), surgical site infection prevention in 2 studies (7%), and ventilatory associated pneumonia prevention in 1 study (4%). SBT improved learner’s sense of competence and confidence, increased knowledge and compliance in infection prevention measures, decreased HAI rates, and reduced healthcare costs.

Conclusion:
SBT can function as a teaching tool in day-to-day infection prevention efforts as well as in disaster preparedness. SBT is underutilized in infection prevention but can serve as a crucial educational tool.
The Myth of Oxford and Black Counter-Narratives
Authors: Coetzee Carli 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe myth of Oxford, which echoes and replicates the ideology of an unchanging world of privileged white youth, is a common trope in many films and literary works. This vision is, however, overlaid and underlaid with counter-traditions that decenter Oxford and instead insert Oxford upside down into other epistemologies, geographies, and networks. Some attempts at the transformation of elite institutions such as Oxford inadvertently serve to continue the centering of these same institutions. Coetzee argues that, instead of focusing on the histories of ascendant Black/black excellence and achievement at Oxford University, a more powerful way to relativize and decenter the institution is to document and emphasize histories and accounts of Black marginalization, failure, and disconnection.
Radiation Emergency Medical Preparedness in Japan: A Survey of Nuclear Emergency Core Hospitals
Authors: Nagata Takashi , Arishima Takuro , Yamaguchi Yoshihiro , Hirohashi Nobuyuki , Usa Toshiro , Hasegawa Arifumi , Hanada Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Naoyuki , Okamoto Tadashi , Akahoshi Tomohiko , Hamada Masahiko , Abe Takeru , Kikukawa Makoto , Nakao Hiroyuki , Yamamura Hitoshi , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Akashi Makoto , Hagihara Akihito 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Based on experiences following the Great East Japan Earthquake and nuclear power plant accident in 2011, Nuclear Emergency Core Hospitals (NECHs) were designated as centers for radiation disaster management in Japan. This study aimed to investigate their current status and identify areas for improvement.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2018. Demographic data were collected by a questionnaire with free text responses about attitudes toward NECHs. Considerations regarding risk communications during a radiation disaster were analyzed using qualitative text mining analysis.

Results:
A total of 36 hospitals participated in this study. Only 31% of NECHs anticipated a radiation disaster. The importance of business continuity plans and risk communications was shown. Text analysis identified 7 important categories for health care workers during a radiation disaster, including media response, communications to hospital staff, risk communications, radiation effects on children, planning for a radiation disaster in the region, rumors, and the role in the region.

Conclusion:
The radiation disaster medical system and NECHs in Japan were surveyed. The importance of risk communications, planning for a radiation disaster in each region, and the role in the region are identified as issues that need to be addressed.
Stringy invariants and toric Artin stacks
Authors: Satriano Matthew , Usatine Jeremy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We propose a conjectural framework for computing Gorenstein measures and stringy Hodge numbers in terms of motivic integration over arcs of smooth Artin stacks, and we verify this framework in the case of fantastacks, which are certain toric Artin stacks that provide (nonseparated) resolutions of singularities for toric varieties. Specifically, let

$\mathcal {X}$

be a smooth Artin stack admitting a good moduli space

$\pi : \mathcal {X} \to X$

, and assume that X is a variety with log-terminal singularities,

$\pi $

induces an isomorphism over a nonempty open subset of X and the exceptional locus of

$\pi $

has codimension at least

$2$

. We conjecture a change-of-variables formula relating the motivic measure for

$\mathcal {X}$

to the Gorenstein measure for X and functions measuring the degree to which

$\pi $

is nonseparated. We also conjecture that if the stabilisers of

$\mathcal {X}$

are special groups in the sense of Serre, then almost all arcs of X lift to arcs of

$\mathcal {X}$

, and we explain how in this case (assuming a finiteness hypothesis satisfied by fantastacks) our conjectures imply a formula for the stringy Hodge numbers of X in terms of a certain motivic integral over the arcs of

$\mathcal {X}$

. We prove these conjectures in the case where

$\mathcal {X}$

is a fantastack.
Lee–Yang zeros and the complexity of the ferromagnetic Ising model on bounded-degree graphs
Authors: Buys Pjotr , Galanis Andreas , Patel Viresh , Regts Guus 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the computational complexity of approximating the partition function of the ferromagnetic Ising model with the external field parameter

$\lambda $

on the unit circle in the complex plane. Complex-valued parameters for the Ising model are relevant for quantum circuit computations and phase transitions in statistical physics but have also been key in the recent deterministic approximation scheme for all

$|\lambda |\neq 1$

by Liu, Sinclair and Srivastava. Here, we focus on the unresolved complexity picture on the unit circle and on the tantalising question of what happens around

$\lambda =1$

, where, on one hand, the classical algorithm of Jerrum and Sinclair gives a randomised approximation scheme on the real axis suggesting tractability and, on the other hand, the presence of Lee–Yang zeros alludes to computational hardness. Our main result establishes a sharp computational transition at the point

$\lambda =1$

and, more generally, on the entire unit circle. For an integer

$\Delta \geq 3$

and edge interaction parameter

$b\in (0,1)$

, we show

$\mathsf {\#P}$

-hardness for approximating the partition function on graphs of maximum degree

$\Delta $

on the arc of the unit circle where the Lee–Yang zeros are dense. This result contrasts with known approximation algorithms when

$|\lambda |\neq 1$

or when

$\lambda $

is in the complementary arc around

$1$

of the unit circle. Our work thus gives a direct connection between the presence/absence of Lee–Yang zeros and the tractability of efficiently approximating the partition function on bounded-degree graphs.