bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinically atypical abdominal manifestation of the lipoma localized in the right atrium: “Invagination hypothesis” revisited
Authors: Piran Misagh , Nolting Julia Kathinka , Körperich Hermann , Zabel Reinhard , Scholtz Smita , Friedrichs Kai Peter , Hakim‐Meibodi Kavous , Danebrock Raihanatou Ina , Burchert Wolfgang , Paluszkiewicz Lech 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCardiac lipomas are the second most common cardiac tumors. They are usually asymptomatic and diagnosed as incidental findings. We describe a 71‐year‐old patient with a tumor in the right atrium. In echocardiography and MRI scan, the diagnosis of a cardiac lipoma was suspected. Moreover, MRI demonstrated continuity of pericardial fat and the tumor in the right atrium by infolding of the atrial wall and epicardial adipose tissue in the space between the atrial walls, which might be a hint for the Waterstone groove hypothesis. An operative resection was performed which confirmed the suspected diagnosis.
The assessment of fetal cardiac output in maternal hypothyroidism under levothyroxine treatment
Authors: Tugrul Ersak Duygu , Oluklu Deniz , Uyan Hendem Derya , Turgut Ezgi , Göncü Ayhan Şule , Kara Özgür , Şahin Dilek 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we investigated whether maternal hypothyroidism has a role in the cardiac output (CO) of the fetus or not.MethodsPregnant women between 33 and 37 gestational weeks known to have hypothyroidism and using levothyroxine were accepted as the case group. Gestational age‐matched healthy euthyroid pregnant women constituted the control group. Fetal echocardiography was performed. Diameters and the velocity waveform of the pulmonary artery (PA) and aortic valves were measured. Velocity time integral (VTI) was also measured from the ventricular outflow tract. CO was calculated using VTI × π (Aortic Valve or Pulmonary Valve diameter/2) 2 × heart rate formula.ResultsThe aortic and PA annulus were measured larger in the control group. (p = .003, p = .005, respectively). Furthermore, the right and left CO of the case group were lower than the control group. Whereas the mean combined CO (ml/min) of the case group was 674.8 ± 146.2, it was 827.8 ± 167.9 in the control group (p < .001). Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between thyroid‐stimulating hormone and aortic VTI (r:−.480; p:.006).ConclusionThe findings of our study suggest that the CO of the fetus may be affected by maternal hypothyroidism
Aridity could have driven the local extinction of a common and multivoltine butterfly
Authors: Gil‐Tapetado Diego , Soria Carmen D. , Gómez Jose F. , Sesma Jose Manuel , Cabrero‐Sañudo Francisco José 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIdentifying which species are being negatively impacted by climate change and the mechanisms driving their decline is essential to effectively protect biodiversity.Coenonympha pamphilusis a common and generalist butterfly, widely distributed throughout the Western Palearctic, being multivoltine in southern Europe. Previous studies indicate that it will not be substantially affected by climate change; however, it has seemingly disappeared from the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula in the last decades.Here, we aim to determine if it has effectively disappeared from this area, as well as identify the environmental conditions limiting its distribution and the potential causes behind this a priori local extinction.We downloaded all the occurrence records ofC. pamphilusand analysed their spatial and temporal trends. To identify the climatic variables driving the distribution of this butterfly in the Iberian Peninsula, we performed an ensemble species distribution model (SDM), combining 600 individual models produced with 6 algorithms.We confirmed thatC. pamphilushas not been observed in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula since 2008. Aridity was the main factor limiting the distribution ofC. pamphilusin our ensemble SDM, with areas with high aridity being unsuitable for this species.We hypothesise that multivoltinism is the mechanism driving this local extirpation, as high aridity is causing host plants (Poaceae) to wither prematurely, precluding the development of the second and/or third generations of the butterfly. Even though generalist species are theoretically more resilient to climate change, other traits such as multivoltinism may increase their vulnerability and need to be further investigated.
Impact of Dicranopteris linearis roots on the shear strength of different soil layers in collapsing wall of Benggang
Authors: Zhou Man , Shuai Fang , Chen Libo , Huang Mengyuan , Lin Jinshi , Zhang Yue , Ge Hongli , Jiang Fangshi , Huang Yanhe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract‘Benggang’ is a local term for a widespread type of severgully erosion with steep collapsing walls in granitic, low, hilly areas of southern China, and its development and expansion are closely related to the shear strength of the collapsing wall. Plant roots play an important role in improving soil shear strength. However, the shear strength of root‐soil complexes in different layers of collapsing walls remains obscure. We selected Dicranopteris linearis fern roots and adopted the direct shear method to evaluate the effect of root weight density (RWD) (0–1.25 g 100 cm−3) on the shear properties of the lateritic, sandy and detritus layers. The results showed that roots could enhance soil shear strength, and the maximum increase in the lateritic layer was 11.53%, higher than that in the sandy (5.84%) and detritus layers (3.17%). As the root content increased, the cohesion of the sandy and detritus layers increased and then decreased, and their maximum increase in cohesion and the fitting optimal RWD were lower than those of the lateritic layer. The internal friction angle was not affected by roots. When the root content was constant, the shear strength and cohesion of the lateritic layer were significantly higher than those of the sandy and detritus layers, while their internal friction angle was significantly lower than that of the latter two layers. The average increment of soil cohesion calculated by the Wu‐Waldron model (WWM) was 10.52 kPa, which was 0.30, 3.75 and 19.38 times the measured average values of the lateritic, sandy and detritus layers, respectively. The correction coefficient k′ was 0.02–1.18, and the in the lateritic layer was the highest (0.82), followed by that in the sandy and detritus layers. By combining the modified WWM with Coulomb's formula, new shear strength equations for root‐soil complexes of D. linearis were established. The predicted shear strength compared well with the measured shear strength (R2 > 0.90, NSE >0.90). Overall, the roots only had a significant reinforcement effect on the lateritic layer, and they could still not change the mechanical properties of the collapsing wall, which were more stable in the upper layers and weaker in the bottom. Therefore, other measures should be taken in the bottom layers to improve the stability of Benggangs.Highlights
Effect of D. linearis roots on the shear strength of collapsing walls in Benggang was studied.
Roots could improve collapsing‐wall soil shear strength, mainly reflected in the cohesion.
The roots enhancement effect in lateritic layer was better than that of sandy and detritus layers.
New shear strength equations of root‐soil complexes were established based on the Wu‐Waldron model.
A randomized phase 2b efficacy study in patients with seizure episodes with a predictable pattern using Staccato® alprazolam for rapid seizure termination
Authors: French Jacqueline , Biton Victor , Dave Hina , Detyniecki Kamil , Gelfand Michael A. , Gong Hui , Liow Kore , O'Brien Terence J. , Sadek Ahmed , DiVentura Bree , Reich Brittany , Isojarvi Jouko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveAlprazolam administered via the Staccato® breath‐actuated device is delivered into the deep lung for rapid systemic exposure and is a potential therapy for rapid epileptic seizure termination (REST). We conducted an inpatient study (ENGAGE‐E‐001 [NCT03478982]) in patients with stereotypic seizure episodes with prolonged or repetitive seizures to determine whether Staccato alprazolam rapidly terminates seizures in a small observed population after administration under direct supervision.MethodsAdult patients with established diagnosis of focal and/or generalized epilepsy with a documented history of seizure episodes with a predictable pattern were enrolled. They were randomized 1:1:1 to double‐blind treatment of a single seizure event with one dose of Staccato alprazolam 1.0 mg or 2.0 mg, or Staccato placebo in an inpatient unit. The primary end point of the study was the proportion of responders in each treatment group achieving seizure activity cessation within 2 min after administration of study drug and no recurrence of seizure activity within 2 h.ResultsA total of 273 patients were screened, and 116 randomized patients received treatment with the study drug in the double‐blind part. The proportion of treated patients who were responders was 65.8% for each of Staccato alprazolam 1.0 mg (n = 38; p = .0392) and 2.0 mg (n = 38; p = .0392), compared with 42.5% for Staccato placebo (n = 40). Staccato alprazolam was well tolerated when administered as a single dose of 1.0 or 2.0 mg: cough and somnolence were the most common adverse events (AEs) (both 14.5%), followed by dysgeusia (13.2%). AEs were mostly mild or moderate in intensity; there were no treatment‐related serious AEs.SignificanceBoth 1.0 mg and 2.0 mg doses of Staccato alprazolam demonstrated efficacy in rapidly terminating seizures in an inpatient setting and were well tolerated. The next step is a Phase 3 confirmatory study to demonstrate efficacy and safety of Staccato alprazolam for rapid cessation of seizures in an outpatient setting.
Species, space and time: A quarter century of fishers' diversification strategies on the US West Coast
Authors: Abbott Joshua K. , Sakai Yutaro , Holland Daniel S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiversification within fisheries operations can serve as an important form of self‐insurance against natural, regulatory and market risks to fishers' livelihoods. Diversification can take many forms, and yet the literature has primarily emphasised diversification across species to the exclusion of spatial and temporal dimensions of diversification. We analyse trends in diversification across species, space and time for all fishers along the entire continental West Coast of the United States from 1990 to 2015. Our findings reveal the importance of untangling both compositional (i.e. driven by changes in fleet composition) and individual (i.e. driven by within‐owner changes in diversification strategies) dimensions of diversification by showing how these effects have moved in contrary directions for all three forms of diversification. We also demonstrate how increases in temporal diversification have overwhelmed the overall stability of species and spatial diversification to leave the current fleet less exposed to financial variability compared to in the early 1990s.
Changes in the autolysis level, muscle stability and myofibrillar protein properties of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) during refrigerated storage
Authors: Zheng Yao , Ping Zeyu , Xu Yang , Li Xueying , Guo Quanyou 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe aim of the study was to investigate the autolysis phenomenon in Antarctic krill during the buffer storage under refrigeration (after harvesting and before processing), groups of whole krill (WK) and of tail (TL) were stored at 4 °C and evaluated at 0, 6, 24, 36 and 48 h. The changes observed in visual appearance, sensory evaluation and meat yield jointly proved that severe autolysis had occurred, and this was more pronounced in the WK group than in the TL group. Meanwhile, the hardness of WK and TL groups decreased by 51.2% and 23.3%, and the shear force also decreased significantly from 3.26 N to 1.77 N and 2.28 N, respectively. Combined with the disrupted muscle microstructure and the conversion of bound water to immobilised water, the muscle tissue was found to be less stable as affected by the autolysis. The properties and structure of myofibrillar protein were dramatically changed, as revealed by the increased myofibril fragmentation index, decreased sulfhydryl content, and fluorescence intensity. Therefore, Antarctic krill can be deemed susceptible to autolysis during the buffer storage, especially whole krill. The information gained in this study improves our understanding of the effect of autolysis on muscle stability and its protein basis in Antarctic krill.
Downregulation of AT‐rich interaction domain 2 underlies natural killer cell dysfunction in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Wei , An Ning , Wang Mingwei , Liu Xiguo , Mei Zhidan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe immune system plays a significant role in controlling oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) initiation and progression. Natural killer (NK) cells actively participate in antitumor immunity but become dysfunctional or exhausted in the tumor microenvironment. To explore the mechanisms of NK cell dysfunction in OSCC, we characterized the expression and function of AT‐rich interaction domain 2 (ARID2) in NK cells in a murine OSCC model. ARID2 was downregulated in tongue NK cells compared with splenic NK cells. Notably, ARID2 was significantly decreased in NK cells with an exhausted phenotype and weakened antitumor function. ARID2 knockdown resulted in the upregulation of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) and downregulation of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granzyme B and perforin in NK cells. As a result, ARID2 knockdown impaired NK cell cytotoxicity. Besides, ARID2 overexpression suppressed the expression of PD‐1 and lymphocyte‐activation gene 3, and promoted the expression of IFN‐γ, TNF, granzyme B and perforin in NK cells which were adoptively transferred into OSCC‐bearing mice. Taken together, our study implies that the OSCC microenvironment triggers ARID2 downregulation in intratumoral NK cells. In turn, ARID2 downregulation results in PD‐1 upregulation on NK cells and subsequently impairs NK cell cytotoxicity. Therefore, we uncovered a novel mechanism of NK cell dysfunction in OSCC.
Complementary and alternative therapies in the palliative setting
Authors: Martin Jennifer H. , Patel Joanne 
Published: October 2022

AbstractComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) encompasses a wide range of medication, herbal, dietary and physical therapies that are not usually considered within the realm of conventional therapeutics. Approximately two thirds of the Australian population use CAMs and only around half of this number will discuss their use of these products with their doctor. Clinical use is commonly seen in patients with life‐limiting illness, often because they experience a high burden of symptoms. However, it is also the case that many of these therapies do not have demonstrated efficacy, particularly for the often broad list of conditions and symptoms for which they are chosen to be used. Further, depending on whether they are sold as medications, sold as food supplements or imported illegally and distributed via nonstandard therapeutic channels, several products have had reports of toxicity, severe adverse effects, batch irregularities and drug interactions with other therapies. This awareness, together with lack of standardisation of products and lack of interchangeability between brands has made prescribers unwilling to put patients at risk of harm by supporting their use. In this article, we cover general pharmacological principles around use of a small selection of chemicals used in a medical setting to enable some guidance for use.
Efficacy of bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone in cardiac AL amyloidosis
Authors: Brennan Xavier , Withers Barbara , Jabbour Andrew , Milliken Sam , Kotlyar Eugene , Fay Keith , Ma David , Muthiah Kavitha , Hamad Nada , Dodds Anthony , Bart Nikki , Keogh Anne , Hayward Chris , Macdonald Peter , Moore John 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCardiac light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a condition with a very poor prognosis. We report a retrospective analysis comparing the traditional melphalan and dexamethasone protocol with cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone in late‐stage cardiac AL amyloidosis. The primary end points were overall survival and haematological response. Both regimens provided meaningful responses in this difficult to treat patient group.
Diabetes IN hospital – Glucose and Outcomes in the COVID‐19 pandemic (DINGO COVID‐19): the 2020 Melbourne hospital experience prior to novel variants and vaccinations
Authors: Barmanray Rahul D. , Gong Joanna Y. , Kyi Mervyn , Kevat Dev , Islam Mohammad A. , Galligan Anna , Manos Georgina R. , Nair Indu V. , Perera Nayomi , Adams Nicholas K. , Nursing Ashvin , Warren Annabelle M. , Hamblin Peter S. , MacIsaac Richard J. , Ekinci Elif I. , Krishnamurthy Balasubramanian , Karunajeewa Harin , Buising Kirsty , Visvanathan Kumar , Kay Thomas W. H. , Fourlanos Spiros 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsA relationship between diabetes, glucose and COVID‐19 outcomes has been reported in international cohorts. This study aimed to assess the relationship between diabetes, hyperglycaemia and patient outcomes in those hospitalised with COVID‐19 during the first year of the Victorian pandemic prior to novel variants and vaccinations.Design, settingRetrospective cohort study from March to November 2020 across five public health services in Melbourne, Australia.ParticipantsAll consecutive adult patients admitted to acute wards of participating institutions during the study period with a diagnosis of COVID‐19, comprising a large proportion of patients from residential care facilities and following dexamethasone becoming standard‐of‐care. Admissions in patients without known diabetes and without inpatient glucose testing were excluded.ResultsThe DINGO COVID‐19 cohort comprised 840 admissions. In 438 admissions (52%), there was no known diabetes or in‐hospital hyperglycaemia, in 298 (35%) patients had known diabetes, and in 104 (12%) patients had hyperglycaemia without known diabetes. ICU admission was more common in those with diabetes (20%) and hyperglycaemia without diabetes (49%) than those with neither (11%, P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Mortality was higher in those with diabetes (24%) than those without diabetes or hyperglycaemia (16%, P = 0.02) but no difference between those with in‐hospital hyperglycaemia and either of the other groups. On multivariable analysis, hyperglycaemia was associated with increased ICU admission (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6.7, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4.0–12, P < 0.001) and longer length of stay (aOR 173, 95% CI 11–2793, P < 0.001), while diabetes was associated with reduced ICU admission (aOR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33–0.94, P = 0.03). Neither diabetes nor hyperglycaemia was independently associated with in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsDuring the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic, in‐hospital hyperglycaemia and known diabetes were not associated with in‐hospital mortality, contrasting with published international experiences. This likely mainly relates to hyperglycaemia indicating receipt of mortality‐reducing dexamethasone therapy. These differences in published experiences underscore the importance of understanding population and clinical treatment factors affecting glycaemia and COVID‐19 morbidity within both local and global contexts.
Healthcare interventions to aid patient self‐management of lower limb wounds: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Bolton Saghdaoui Layla , Lampridou Smaragda , Racaru Simona , Davies Alun Huw , Wells Mary 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChronic lower limb wounds can be described as having the inability to progress through stages of wound healing. Although 80% of lower limb wounds develop as a result of venous insufficiency, other causes include arterial disease and diabetes. In addition to the sustained impact on quality of life, the chronicity of lower limb wounds presents a significant financial burden to healthcare systems. Self‐management is a fundamental aspect of the long‐term management of chronic illness and its relevance has intensified since the start of the global pandemic. The objective of this systematic scoping review was to define what the self‐management of a lower limb wound entails and explore the interventions available to support patients to self‐manage. A total of seven articles were evaluated. There was limited consensus regarding the definition and components of self‐management in this area. Interventions involved patients participating in additional exercise, wound care, and lifestyle behaviours such as limb elevation and skin care. Only two studies applied theory and only one evaluated participant acceptability of interventions, making it difficult to assess the feasibility of implementation. Although the evidence reviewed provides some insight into the self‐management of a lower limb wound, theoretically‐guided research is needed in this area.
Geology‐based and ecological processes of divergence between and within species of wingless darkling beetles
Authors: Mas‐Peinado Paloma , García‐París Mario , Jiménez‐Ruiz Yolanda , Valdeón Aitor , Recuero Ernesto , Martínez‐Solano Iñigo , Buckley David , Condamine Fabien L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimDiscerning the relative role of geographical and ecological factors in promoting diversification is central to our understanding of the origin and maintenance of biodiversity. We explore the roles of geology and ecological tolerance in the diversification of a group of wingless beetles with low dispersal potential.LocationWestern Mediterranean (Iberian Peninsula and North Africa).TaxonDarkling beetles (Tenebrionidae: Misolampus).MethodsWe sequenced nine gene fragments from the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in all extant Misolampus species to reconstruct their phylogeny, evaluate species boundaries and potential contact zones and estimate divergence times. We modelled species distributions for different time periods to infer ecological preferences and assess the effects of climatic changes since the last interglacial. We used a time‐stratified process‐based biogeographical model to estimate ancestral areas of origin and the evolution of geographical ranges.ResultsThe palaeoclimatic model projections show contractions of favourable areas during the last interglacial period and mid‐Holocene, and wide stretches of suitable areas during the last glacial maximum. Analyses of ancestral bioclimatic preferences reveal ecological adaptations in isolated lineages within three species. The phylogeny of Misolampus is strongly supported and unveils deep divergences within the six species. Two well‐supported clades were recovered, one distributed in North Africa‐Balearic Islands and another in the Iberian Peninsula. The divergence between the North African and Iberian clades occurred during the early Miocene. Biogeographical analyses infer an ancestral range including the Iberian, Betic and Rifean Plates, with subsequent splits followed by dispersal events.Main conclusionsOur results favour a dual role of vicariance and dispersal in driving the historical biogeography and diversification of Misolampus since the early Miocene. We also found evidence for incipient speciation events, underscoring the role of tectonic events and adaptation to local climatic conditions in the diversification of the group.