bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grand theft in international law
Authors: Kulamadayil Lys 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Commonly subsumed under the legal concepts of corruption and money-laundering, the theft of public wealth on a massive scale with the aid of transnational financial institutions has, so far, largely been neglected by legal scholarship and legal practise. Drawing on two grand theft cases, this article’s objectives are threefold. Firstly, it explains the concept of grand theft by illustrating how it operates. Secondly, it retraces legal responses to grand theft in jurisdictions of countries, which are home to key financial markets places, to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of this legal regime in practice. Thirdly, it reflects on the obstacles to researching grand theft.
The IPD-IMGT/HLA Database
Authors: Barker Dominic J , Maccari Giuseppe , Georgiou Xenia , Cooper Michael A , Flicek Paul , Robinson James , Marsh Steven G E 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is 24 years since the IPD-IMGT/HLA Database, http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/imgt/hla/, was first released, providing the HLA community with a searchable repository of highly curated HLA sequences. The database now contains over 35 000 alleles of the human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) named by the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System. This complex contains the most polymorphic genes in the human genome and is now considered hyperpolymorphic. The IPD-IMGT/HLA Database provides a stable and user-friendly repository for this information. Uptake of Next Generation Sequencing technology in recent years has driven an increase in the number of alleles and the length of sequences submitted. As the size of the database has grown the traditional methods of accessing and presenting this data have been challenged, in response, we have developed a suite of tools providing an enhanced user experience to our traditional web-based users while creating new programmatic access for our bioinformatics user base. This suite of tools is powered by the IPD-API, an Application Programming Interface (API), providing scalable and flexible access to the database. The IPD-API provides a stable platform for our future development allowing us to meet the future challenges of the HLA field and needs of the community.
Investigation of white matter functional networks underlying different behavioral profiles in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Bu Xuan , Gao Yingxue , Liang Kaili , Chen Ying , Guo Lanting , Huang Xiaoqi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background
Cortical functional network alterations have been widely accepted as the neural basis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recently, white matter has also been recognized as a novel neuroimaging marker of psychopathology and has been used as a complement to cortical functional networks to investigate brain–behavior relationships. However, disorder-specific features of white matter functional networks (WMFNs) are less well understood than those of gray matter functional networks. In the current study, we constructed WMFNs using a new strategy to characterize behavior-related network features in ADHD.

Methods
We recruited 46 drug-naïve boys with ADHD and 46 typically developing (TD) boys, and used clustering analysis on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data to generate WMFNs in each group. Intrinsic activity within each network was extracted, and the associations between network activity and behavior measures were assessed using correlation analysis.

Results
Nine WMFNs were identified for both ADHD and TD participants. However, boys with ADHD showed a splitting of the inferior corticospinal–cerebellar network and lacked a cognitive control network. In addition, boys with ADHD showed increased activity in the dorsal attention network and somatomotor network, which correlated positively with attention problems and hyperactivity symptom scores, respectively, while they presented decreased activity in the frontoparietal network and frontostriatal network in association with poorer performance in response inhibition, working memory, and verbal fluency.

Conclusions
We discovered a dual pattern of white matter network activity in drug-naïve ADHD boys, with hyperactive symptom-related networks and hypoactive cognitive networks. These findings characterize two distinct types of WMFN in ADHD psychopathology.
Mapping brain functional and structural abnormities in autism spectrum disorder: moving toward precision treatment
Authors: Duan Xujun , Chen Huafu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a formidable challenge for psychiatry and neuroscience because of its high prevalence, lifelong nature, complexity, and substantial heterogeneity. A major goal of neuroimaging studies of ASD is to understand the neurobiological underpinnings of this disorder from multi-dimensional and multi-level perspectives, by investigating how brain anatomy, function, and connectivity are altered in ASD, and how they vary across the population. However, ongoing debate exists within those studies, and neuroimaging findings in ASD are often contradictory. Over the past decade, we have dedicated to delineate a comprehensive and consistent mapping of the abnormal structure and function of the autistic brain, and this review synthesizes the findings across our studies reaching a consensus that the “social brain” are the most affected regions in the autistic brain at different levels and modalities. We suggest that the social brain network can serve as a plausible biomarker and potential target for effective intervention in individuals with ASD.
P023 Defining sleep hygiene in the scientific literature: A bibliographic review of observational studies
Authors: De Pasquale C , El Kazzi M , Sutherland K , Dissanayake H , Vincent G , Bin Y 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Introduction
‘Sleep hygiene’ is a term used to describe the behavioural and environmental factors within an individual’s control that can influence sleep outcomes. There is no universal consensus on this definition and what factors comprise sleep hygiene. The aim of this systematic scoping review is to define sleep hygiene based on its use in published observational studies.

Methods
A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases was conducted from inception until 31st December 2021 using the phrase ‘sleep hygiene’ in the title or abstract.

Results
The search identified 250 eligible studies. Studies’ definitions of sleep hygiene converged on three themes: behavioural factors, environmental factors, and an aspect of control. Factors included in individual studies included caffeine (included in 68% of studies), sleep timing (67%) alcohol (65%), exercise (64%), light (62%), smoking (62%) a comfortable environment (60%), wind-down routine (60%), napping (58%), noise (54%), stress (53%), other psychological factors (49%), stimulus control (49%), bed restriction (41%), food intake (28%), other substances (20%) and sleep medications (16%). The most common method of measuring sleep hygiene was the Sleep Hygiene Index, used by 71 studies (28%).

Discussion
This review showed researchers’ understanding of sleep hygiene to include modifiable behavioural and environmental factors that influence sleep, however, the elements included were highly variable, as were the details of each element. The inconsistency in researchers’ understanding of sleep hygiene implies inconsistency in research results. This may act as a barrier to providing the best evidence-based sleep health education and sleep health promotion.
Trauma and Death in the Emergency Department: A Time to PAUSE (Promoting Acknowledgment, Unity, and Sympathy at the End of Life)
Authors: Welch Alyssa A. , Esquibel Brendon M. , Osterloth Kohei A. , Kallies Kara J. , Fitzsimmons Alec J. , Waller Christine J. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Witnessing death can be difficult and emotionally draining for health care workers and presents a risk factor for burnout. The practice of a ritual pause at patient death to recognize the patient as a person, reflect, and acknowledge the health care team is an emerging intervention that has not been well studied in trauma.

Objective:
This study aims to explore the effect of a team pause on trauma team member attitudes after emergency department patient death.

Methods:
This is a pre- and postintervention study of the implementation of a Trauma PAUSE (Promoting Acknowledgment, Unity, and Sympathy at the End of Life) conducted from March 2018 to June 2020.

Results:
A total of 466 participated in this study. Emergency department employee responses to the pre- (296 of 745 employees contacted responded) and postimplementation surveys (170 of 732 employees contacted responded) were compared. Although not statistically significant, responses to the postsurvey suggested an increased connection to patients and belief in the need for a moment of silence following a death. Employees who had participated in a PAUSE (57/170) reported improvements in internal conflict, feeling of emptiness, resilience, and ability to move on to the next task. Overall, 84.2% (48/57) of Trauma PAUSE participants were satisfied with the Trauma PAUSE.

Conclusion:
The Trauma PAUSE is a meaningful way to help trauma staff members find peace, maintain resiliency, and readily shift their focus to providing care to other patients.
Validation of Trauma-Informed Care Instruments: Emergency Department Environment and Transitional Secondary Environment
Authors: Wholeben Melissa , McCreary Robert , Salazar Gloria 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Trauma-informed care is a paradigm of care that requires health care practitioners to understand multiple types of traumas and their effects on the trauma survivor and then incorporate that knowledge into practice. However, there are few psychometrically robust instruments to evaluate trauma-informed care, and none have been applied in the trauma patient setting.

Objective:
The purpose of this article is to validate two trauma-informed care instruments in the trauma patient setting.

Method:
Exploratory factor analysis and simultaneous pairwise marginal independence testing procedures were conducted on the “Emergency Department Environment” and the “Transitional Secondary Environment” instruments from September 2020 to November 2020. Descriptive statistics were reported for the content experts participating in the instrument validation.

Result:
Exploratory data analysis results for each trauma-informed care statement in the tools indicate multidimensionality of trauma-informed care core values, with statistically significant (p < .05) overlap between two or more trauma-informed care core values. After accounting for item interdependence, the associations between the trauma-informed care core values do not appear to be spurious consequences of response interdependence.

Conclusion:
The two instruments showed high levels of internal consistency supporting the multidimensional models posited by the trauma-informed care framework. The findings will allow for routine monitoring and early detection of gaps in health care provider behaviors in the individualized care of trauma survivors. This will enable identification of trends in trauma care delivery and inform trauma-informed care education for health care providers, ultimately enhancing the healing of trauma survivors.
Single-Sided Deafness: Emotional and Social Handicap, Impact on Health Status and Quality of Life, Functional Hearing, and the Effects of Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Távora-Vieira Dayse , Wedekind Andre 
Published: November 2022

Objective
To evaluate the functional and subjective outcomes in individuals with single-sided deafness (SSD) treated with a cochlear implant (CI).

Methods
Eighty-one adult CI users with SSD participated in this study. Functional assessments consisted of speech in noise testing and localization. Subjective assessments consisted of the Speech Spatial Quality of Hearing Scale, the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire, the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit questionnaire, the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults questionnaire, and the Glasgow Health Status Inventory and the Glasgow Benefit Inventory questionnaires.

Results
SSD has remarkable consequences on quality of life (QoL) and imposes a substantial emotional and social handicap on the individuals. Self-reported QoL improved after CI with tinnitus intrusion significantly reduced as early as 3 months post-CI. A significant improvement was seen in all speech understanding in noise configurations. Localization ability significantly improved with CI on.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that SSD reduces social and psychological QoL and imposes a remarkable level of handicap as per general and specific self-assessments tool. CI provided a significant improvement in function including speech understanding in noise and localization ability, as well as improved QoL and reduced tinnitus significantly in both the early and long terms.
Four-Point Impedance Changes After Cochlear Implantation for Lateral Wall and Perimodiolar Implants
Authors: Razmovski Tayla , Bester Christofer , Collins Aaron , Tan Eren , O'Leary Stephen J. 
Published: November 2022

Objective
Monitor four-point impedance in cochlear implant recipients over time and determine if implant type, surgical approach, and electrode positioning affected impedance measurements.

Study Design
Prospective observational.

Setting
Hospital.

Patients
Adult cochlear implant recipients implanted with a perimodiolar or lateral wall cochlear implant.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Mean values for four-point impedances were calculated for all electrode contacts at perioperative and 3 months after surgery. Linear mixed models were applied to the impedance data to compare between implant types and time points. The angular insertion depth and electrode position relative to the medial and lateral wall, commonly termed the Intracochlear Position Index (ICPI), were collected and compared with impedance measurements.

Results
Perioperatively, the four-point impedance was similar between implant types, with perimodiolar implants having marginally higher impedance values in the basal region. At 3 months after surgery, impedances significantly increased in the basal half of the electrode array for both implants, with higher impedance values for CI532 implants. There were no significant differences in insertion angle depth between implant types. The ICPI values for the seven most basal electrodes were similar for both implants; however, CI532 arrays were significantly more medially placed along the remaining apical portion of the array, which is expected. ICPI values did not correlate with impedance measurements for either implant.

Conclusions
Four-point impedance increases at 3 months after surgery may reflect fibrous tissue formation after cochlear implantation. The higher impedance values in perimodiolar implants may reflect a more extensive fibrosis formation as a result of surgical approaches used, requiring drilling of the cochlea bone.
Symptoms Underestimate the Presence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks of the Temporal Bone
Authors: Chidambaram Rama , Hendriks Thomas , Phung Scott , Kuthubutheen Jafri 
Published: November 2022

Objective
To determine the severity of symptoms and degree of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leaks of the temporal bone given the known association between sCSF leaks and OSA.

Study Design
Retrospective case review.

Setting
Ambulatory clinics in tertiary referral centers.

Patients
Polysomnogram testing in 34 consecutive patients who had been diagnosed with sCSF leaks of the temporal bone was examined. Diagnosis of sCSF leak was defined as biochemically confirmed CSF from middle ear fluid with no other obvious source.

Intervention
Diagnostic.

Main Outcomes Measure(s)
Patient characteristics (age, sex, body mass index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, presence of hypoxia, overnight change in blood pressure, and apnea hypopnea index [AHI]) were recorded. Diagnosis of OSA was defined as mild when AHI ≥5 and <15/h, moderate when AHI ≥15 and <30/h, and severe when AHI ≥30/h.

Results
Of the 34 patients, 28 (82%) had a confirmed diagnosis of OSA. There was a male predisposition in those with OSA, and 17 of 28 (61%) were male. A majority were overweight, and the mean body mass index was 30.1 (SD, 4.8; range, 23.2–40) kg/m2. The mean severity of OSA was moderate, and the mean AHI was 28.7 (SD, 21.9; range, 5.4–92.8). Of the 28 patients, 13 with OSA (46%) had Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores higher than 8, suggesting that many were asymptomatic for excessive daytime sleepiness at the time of presentation.

Conclusion
OSA is highly prevalent among patients with sCSF leaks of the temporal bone. Patients with sCSF leaks irrespective of symptoms of OSA should undergo formal polysomnogram testing.
Data-driven control of spatiotemporal chaos with reduced-order neural ODE-based models and reinforcement learning
Authors: Zeng Kevin , Linot Alec J. , Graham Michael D. 
Published: November 2022

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is a data-driven method capable of discovering complex control strategies for high-dimensional systems, making it promising for flow control applications. In particular, the present work is motivated by the goal of reducing energy dissipation in turbulent flows, and the example considered is the spatiotemporally chaotic dynamics of the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation (KSE). A major challenge associated with RL is that substantial training data must be generated by repeatedly interacting with the target system, making it costly when the system is computationally or experimentally expensive. We mitigate this challenge in a data-driven manner by combining dimensionality reduction via an autoencoder with a neural ODE framework to obtain a low-dimensional dynamical model from just a limited data set. We substitute this data-driven reduced-order model (ROM) in place of the true system during RL training to efficiently estimate the optimal policy, which can then be deployed on the true system. For the KSE actuated with localized forcing (‘jets’) at four locations, we demonstrate that we are able to learn a ROM that accurately captures the actuated dynamics as well as the underlying natural dynamics just from snapshots of the KSE experiencing random actuations. Using this ROM and a control objective of minimizing dissipation and power cost, we extract a control policy from it using deep RL. We show that the ROM-based control strategy translates well to the true KSE and highlight that the RL agent discovers and stabilizes an underlying forced equilibrium solution of the KSE system. We show that this forced equilibrium captured in the ROM and discovered through RL is related to an existing known equilibrium solution of the natural KSE.
Intertumoral lineage diversity and immunosuppressive transcriptional programs in well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Hoffman Samantha E. , Dowrey Todd W. , Martin Carlos Villacorta , Bi Kevin , Titchen Breanna , Johri Shreya , DelloStritto Laura , Patel Miraj , Mackichan Colin , Inga Stephanie , Chen Judy , Grimaldi Grace , Napolitano Sara , Wakiro Isaac , Wu Jingyi , Yeung Jason , Rotem Asaf , Shannon Erin , Clancy Thomas , Wang Jiping , Denning Sarah , Brais Lauren , Huang Ying , Kao Katrina Z. , Rodig Scott , Hornick Jason L. , Vigneau Sebastien , Park Jihye , Kulke Matthew H. , Chan Jennifer , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Murphy George J. 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare cancers that may arise in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. The fundamental mechanisms driving gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NET growth remain incompletely elucidated; however, the heterogeneous clinical behavior of GEP-NETs suggests that both cellular lineage dynamics and tumor microenvironment influence tumor pathophysiology. Here, we investigated the single-cell transcriptomes of tumor and immune cells from patients with gastroenteropancreatic NETs. Malignant GEP-NET cells expressed genes and regulons associated with normal, gastrointestinal endocrine cell differentiation and fate determination stages. While tumor and lymphoid compartments sparsely expressed immunosuppressive targets, infiltrating myeloid cells were enriched for alternative immunotherapy pathways includingVSIR, Tim3/Gal9, andSIGLEC10. Finally, analysis of paired primary and metastatic tissue specimens from small intestinal NETs demonstrated transcriptional transformation between the primary tumor and its distant metastasis. Our findings highlight the transcriptomic heterogeneity that distinguishes the cellular landscapes of GEP-NET anatomic subtypes and reveal potential avenues for future precision medicine therapeutics.
Description, Development and Dissemination of Two Consistent Marker-based and Markerless Multibody Models
Authors: Lahkar Bhrigu Kumar , Chaumeil Anaïs , Dumas Raphaël , Muller Antoine , Robert Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn human movement analysis, multibody models are an indispensable part of the process both for marker-based and video-based markerless approaches. Constituents (segments, joint constraints, body segment inertial parameters etc.) of such models and modeler’s choice play an important role in the accuracy of estimated results (segmental and joint kinematics, segmental and whole-body center of mass positions etc.). For marker-based method, although standard models exist, particularly for the lower extremity (e.g., Conventional Gait Model or models embedded in OpenSim), there seems to be a lack of consolidated explanation on the constituents of the whole-body model. For the markerless approach, multibody kinematic models (e.g., the Theia3D model) have been in use lately. However, there is no clear explanation on the estimated quantities (e.g., joint centers, body surface landmarks etc.) and their relation to the underlying anatomy. This also motivates the need for a description of the markerless multibody model. Moreover, comparing markerless results to those of classical marker-based method is currently the most commonly used approach for evaluation of markerless approaches. This study first aims to develop and describe a whole-body marker-based model ready to be used for human movement analysis. Second, the markerless multibody model embedded in Theia3D is described and inertial parameters are redefined. We also report assessment of the markerless approach compared to marker-based method for a static T-pose performed by 15 subjects. Finally, we disseminate the marker-based and markerless multibody models for their use in Visual3D.
Activation-inducible CAR expression enables precise control over engineered CAR T cell function
Authors: Fraessle Simon P. , Tschulik Claudia , Effenberger Manuel , Cletiu Vlad , Gerget Maria , Schober Kilian , Busch Dirk H. , Germeroth Lothar , Stemberger Christian , Poltorak Mateusz P. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCAR T cell therapy is a rapidly growing area of oncological treatments having a potential of becoming standard care for multiple indications. Coincidently, CRISPR/Cas gene-editing technology is entering next-generation CAR T cell product manufacturing with the promise of more precise and more controllable cell modification methodology. The intersection of these medical and molecular advancements creates an opportunity for completely new ways of designing engineered cells to help overcome current limitations of cell therapy. In this manuscript we present proof-of-concept data for a novel engineered feedback loop. We manufactured activation-inducible CAR T cells with the help of CRISPR-mediated targeted integration. This new type of engineered T cells expresses the CAR gene dependent on their activation status. This artifice opens new possibilities to regulate CAR T cell function both in vitro and in vivo. We believe that such a physiological control system can be a powerful addition to the currently available toolbox of next-generation CAR constructs.