bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Genetic Divergence in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) Genotypes
Authors: Rahimi Sharifullah , Alam Khursheed , Ahmad Muzeev , Sharma Khushboo , Keshari Deepesh , Wamiq Mohd 
Published: February 2022

The present investigation was carried out during Kharif season at the Horticulture Research centre of the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U.P. 2020. The D2 statistics was applied to assess the genetic divergence among 20 genotypes of tomato using Mahalonobis D2 analysis. The experimental materials were planted in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters under study. The genotypes were grouped into five different genetic clusters on the basis of genetic affinity or diversity. Cluster III comprised of highest 7 genotypes followed by Cluster I comprised of 4 genotypes, Cluster II also comprised of 4 genotypes, Cluster V comprised of 3 genotypes and Cluster IV comprised lowest number of 2 genotypes. The highest mean value was recorded in Cluster V for number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant (g), fruit yield /ha (q) and 1000 seed weight (g) followed by cluster II for harvest duration (days), average fruit weight (g) and number of seeds per fruits, Cluster III for number of primary branches, plant height (cm), Cluster I for number of clusters per plant and Cluster IV for number of locules per fruit respectively. The maximum intra cluster distance was found in cluster V and minimum intra cluster distance was recorded cluster IV. The highest inter- cluster distance was recorded between Cluster I and Cluster V and the minimum inter cluster D2 distance was recorded between cluster I and Cluster IV. The highest contribution in the manifestation of genetic divergence was exhibited by number of fruits per cluster followed by number of primary branches, fruit yield per hectare, number of locules per fruit, plant height, harvest duration, number of clusters per plant, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, 1000 seeds weight, fruit yield per plant and lowest in number of seeds per fruit. Which could lead to the production of a wide range of beneficial genetic variation for tomato yield improvement.
Effect of Initial soil Fertility and Integrated Plant Nutrition System on Yield and NPK Uptake by Barnyard Millet
Authors: Selvam R. , Santhi R. , Maragatham S. , Chandrasekhar C. N. , Ganapathi Patil Santosh 
Published: February 2022

This study examined the effect of soil fertility and Integrated Plant Nutrition System (IPNS) on the yield of barnyard millet (var. MDU 1) on the field of Eastern Block Farm in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. Coimbatore. based on the inductive technique (fertility gradient concept). Among the three fertiliser strips, the first phase of the experiment involved adding graded fertilisers and growing fodder sorghum as a gradient crop to develop soil fertility variations. During the second phase, the barnyard millet test crop experiment included four levels each of N, P2O5, and K2O fertilizers, plus three levels of farmyard manure (FYM). The results show that overall yield recorded in the highest initial fertility strip III. The highest yield of 2966 kg ha-1 was obtained with 60:30:40 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5, and K2O along with 12.5 t ha-1 of FYM in strip II with initial soil available NPK status 198, 31, and 521 kg ha-1, respectively. The lowest yield 1056 kg ha-1 was recorded in strip I under absolute control and the initial soil test values were 157, 13 and 470 kg ha-1 of KMnO4-N, Olsen-P and NH4OAc-K, respectively. Application of 12.5 t ha-1 of FYM alone increased yield of barnyard was 27.73 per cent over absolute control. Barnyard millet grain production and NPK uptake rose when initial soil fertility and fertiliser N, P2O5, K2O, and FYM levels increased.
Antimicrobial Resistance of some Gram-negative Bacilli Isolated from various sources in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Horsfall S. J. , Nwokah E. G. , Wachukwu C. K. , Abbey S. D. 
Published: February 2022

Aim: To isolate and detect the antimicrobial resistance of some Gram-negative Bacilli Isolated from various sources in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Trans-Amadi and Rumuodomaya Slaughters and Bob-D Ventures Poultry Farms, all in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, between July and December, 2019.
Methodology: This study was conducted at Port Harcourt and Obio/Akpor local government areas of Rivers State, Nigeria from 2019-2020. Hospital wastewater was taken from different sections at the two University Teaching Hospitals- University of Port Harcourt and Rivers State University Teaching Hospitals. Abattoir effluent water samples were taken at different sites from Trans-Amadi and Rumuodumaya Abattoirs. Chicken cloaca samples as well as Hand swab samples of Butchers were collected at the two Abattoirs. All samples were processed following standard procedures and identified organisms were assessed for susceptibilities to different antibiotics following Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and Microbroth dilution methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Percentages and Chi square were used to summarize the data and p values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: Out of a total of 482 samples consisting of Hospital wastewater (84), Chicken cloaca swab (76), Abattoir Effluent water (182), Poultry Dung (96) and Butchers’ Hand Swab (44) investigated for possible recovery of some Gram-Negative organisms, 224 target bacterial isolates were identified. Escherichia coli showed highest percentage occurrence 124 (25.7%), while Klebsiella pneumoniae had 80 (16.5%) and the least rate of occurrence was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 20 (4.1%). A total of 38 bacteria were isolated from the wastewater samples of the two hospitals; 44 were isolated from the Chicken cloaca samples; 80 from Abattoir Effluent Water samples; 50 from Poultry dung and 12 from Butchers’ hand swabs. Organisms were most susceptible to Imipenem (97%) and most resistance to Nalidixic acid (92%).
Conclusion: Multiple drug resistance to the commonly used antibiotics is high in the study area. The contamination of wastewater by antibiotics or other pollutants lead to the rise of resistance due to selection pressure. The presence of antibiotic resistance organisms in these wastewaters should not be overlooked. Proper wastewater treatment and improved sanitary measures are advocated.
Application of Palm Wine Yeast Species in Beer Brewing
Authors: Ogu C. T. , Umeh S. O. , Nwiyi I. U. , Ikele M. O. , Okonkwo I. F. , Agwuna L. 
Published: February 2022

Brewing is found to be one of the lucrative businesses in Nigeria. The brewer’s yeast commonly known as Saccharomyces cerevisiae is always imported and its price affects the price of the products drastically. In this work, yeast strain was isolated from Palm Wine, identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and used as an alternative in beer brewing. The isolate (SPW) was seen to poses many similar characteristics of the brewer’s yeast (SCT) imported from foreign countries. The isolated and enriched yeast was employed in the laboratory for the production of beer. Results showed that both organisms failed to ferment melibiose and raffinose but fermented glucose, maltose, fructose, sucrose, and galactose. They survived at stress conditions for temperature and cell osmotic pressure in high concentration of ethanol and sugar. They showed good flocculation ability of 97%, and 82% respectively. Their percentage viability was 96.66% and 91.00% respectively with no production of hydrogen sulfide gas. The property of wort prepared for brewing was; pH of 5.82, specific gravity of 1.050 and iodine reaction showed yellow colour. After fermentation, the specific gravity was 1.001 and 1.010 for SPW and SCT respectively while alcohol content was 6.53% and 5.25% respectively. Wort was fermented at 28 ± 2oC for six days and the product beer showed apparent extract of 3.4oP and 4.8oP, Real extract of 4.8oP and 6.55oP, real degree of fermentation of 58.44% and 61.22% for SPW and SCT respectively. Statistical analysis showed that yeast strain isolated from palm wine after enrichment had great potential when compared to brewer’s yeast strain in beer production attributes (p < 0·05).
They Get Away with Murder! UK Lecturers’ Frustration with Students’ Use of ‘Essay Mills’
Authors: Nchindia Christian Atabong 
Published: February 2022

This article analyses the phenomenological experiences of four UK lecturers with contract cheating involving students. It aimed to investigate the reasons why some students use contract cheating services and what can be done to expunge the practice. This paper further documents how to recognise some of the cheating patterns and clues observed in essay and report submissions. Participants were recruited using purposive and convenient sampling methods. NVivo software was used to analyse the transcribed data. Findings revealed that contract cheating, especially students’ use of ‘essay mills’ is still entrenched into the UK higher education fabric. Despite being able to identify cheaters using various tools at their disposal, lecturers were left frustrated as too often culprits went unpunished due to universities’ lenient policies. Cheating ‘red flags’ include refusal to meet the lecturer for verbal feedback on assignments; essays having uncommon features from what lecturers normally expect; unusual citations and references which are often outside the module’s specification, and the use of strange figures, and diagrams. Evidence from this study suggest that universities’ leniency in dealing with suspects is largely due to the commodification of education that puts profit before quality. Recommendations to properly address this practice have been suggested in this paper. The limitations of this study and future directions for similar research are submitted herein.
Method Development, Validation and Degradation Studies of Imatinib Mesylate by UPLC
Authors: Venkateshwarlu Punna , Patel Mehul M. 
Published: February 2022

Background: A simple, reliable and economical method was used for the study of imatinib mesylate. The optimized chromatographic conditions were determined by using a C18 intersil ODS (250 X 4.6 mm X 5µm) and a mobile phase containing phosphate buffer (pH 3.0): Acetonitrile: Methanol (40:30:30) v/v was pumped at 1 ml/min flow rate. The injected sample volume is 20 μL and the analytes were eluted at 254 nm.
Results: The Retention time of imatinib mesylate was 3.503 minutes. The system suitability percentage RSD of imatinib mesylate is 0.27. The Assay of imatinib mesylate was found to be 99.37%.The imatinib mesylate LOD, LOQ values of were found to be 0.901 and 2.73μg/ml. Regression equation was found to be y= 96.59x + 10.76 form linearity calibration graph. Imatinib mesylate was degraded in acid and peroxide stress conditions, and no degradation was obtained in base, photolytic and thermal conditions.
Conclusion: The reliable UPLC method validation data observed that which can be used for analyzing routine quality control. The method is economical due to the run time is reduced, which can be used in regular quality control tests in the industry.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Pongamia Pinnata Leaves on Antitubercular Drugs (Isoniazid & Rifampin) Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Derangula Samba Siva Raju , Muthiah N. S. , Somashekar H. S. , Sukumar E. , Prabhu K. 
Published: February 2022

Hepatoprotective effect of an ethanolic extract of Pongamia Pinnata on antitubercular drugs (isoniazid and rifampin) induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Methods: The experiment used five groups of male wistar rats, each with six individuals. The two control groups were given gum acacia and a mixture of isoniazid and rifampin. The two test groups received 200 and 400 mg/kg of an ethanolic extract of the leaves of Pongamia Pinnata, respectively. The fifth group was given silymarin (50mg/kg, orally). The concentrations of serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA) & thiols were calculated. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical examination, monitored through Tukey's test.
Results: When rats were given a mixture of antitubercular drugs and a high dosage (400 mg/kg) of an ethanolic extract of Pongamia Pinnata, blood enzyme levels were lower than when they were given antitubercular drugs alone. The co-administration of a high dose of Pongamia Pinnata extract with antitubercular drugs reduced MDA levels and elevated thiol levels considerably (p˂ 0.05). These biochemical marker levels, however, were not adjusted.
Conclusion: In rats, Pongamia Pinnata encompasses a partial protective effect against the hepatotoxicity caused by antitubercular drugs at high doses.
Impact of COVID and Mental Health on Adolescents
Authors: Kumar Satya , Priya Jothi , Devi R. Gayatri 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The outbreak of coronavirus causes considerable risk to public health and also might cause an impact on adolescents mental health. COVID-19 has brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the world. During lockdown, mental health of adolescents through online class and work from home makes it more stressful among adolescents. The aim of the study is to explore the pathway among the different variables in order to better understand how these factors play a part in impacting adolescents' mental health conditions.
Materials and Methods: The sample size used for the study is 124. Questionnaire based survey is conducted in google forms among adolescents. This standard questionnaire in Google forms is being circulated among the sample study population and at the end of the survey, all the data is been analysed by using chi square analysis. The chi square analysis was done using the software IBM SPSS (Version 23).The data were analysed from the survey and the values were tabulated in the form of pie and bar charts.
Results: In this study males feel more stress than females and the p value is 0.814 and it is not significant. During COVID period, study stress is caused more among the males than in females and the p value is 0.514 and it is not significant. Mental health was more affected among the males than in females and the p value is 0.261 and it is not significant.In our study population most of them feel stressful during COVID period.
Conclusion: This study creates awareness among the people about the mental health of adolescents affected during lockdown. The containment measures like school and activity centre's closures for long periods together expose the children and youth to effects on educational, developmental, psychological and attainment as they experience loneliness, anxiety and uncertainty. Using the internet and social media will put them at higher risk. The focal point of the healthcare system and policymaking should be prevention, promotion and inter- ventions corresponding to the public mental health system to meet the mental health needs of the population at large by taking the regional contextual parameters into account.
The Significance of Nigella sativa on Histomorphological Variations of Seminiferous Tubules in Doxorubicin Treated Albino Rats
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Rehman Anjum , Sundus Sadia , Fatima Saher , Ahmed Zeeshan , Aijaz Asma 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To analyze the impact of nigella sativa on Histomorphological changes in doxorubicin treated albino rats.
Research Design: Experimental research.
Abode of Study: Anatomy Department, BMSI, Karachi, Pakistan.
Materials and Methods: Piloted on 40 albino rats for 35 days in the Anatomy Department of BMSI. They were 3-4 months old and about 221 to 238 gm in weight. Rats were separated into 4 groups, Ao, Bo, Co & Do. Ao represented as control, Bo recieved Doxorubicin (DOX) 0.003g/1000g/ at 7TH day intraperitonealy, Co recieved Nigella sativa 1000mg/1000g everyday oral along with Doxorubicin 0.003g/1000g/ at 7TH day intraperitonealy and Do recieved Nigella sativa 1000mg/kg everyday oral. At the end of experiment, rats were dissected and conserved slides for staining.
Results: Bo showed loss of normal architecture of seminiferous tubules and diverse level of atrophy while condition was improved in Co which were given Doxorubicin with extract of Nigella sativa.
Conclusion: Our result tells us that Nigella sativa amended the histomorphological changes.
Study of Discharge Outlines of Subthalamic Nucleus-Globus Pallidus External and the Favorable Impact of Deep Brain Stimulation in the Parkinson State
Authors: Gupta Shruti , Singh Jyotsna , Kumar Kaushal 
Published: February 2022

Aims: The aim of our model is to simulate deep brain stimulation mathematically instead of doing it experimentally to check whether the outlines in Parkinson’s disease helps in reducing the motor symptoms or not. The model is simulated here mathematically because clinical research is not feasible. My model is STN-GPe in which there are different differential equations. Also, to prove that the symptoms for Parkinson’s disease are reduced up to 99.59%.
Study Design: Cross-correlation function.
Place and duration of Study: Study was conducted in private college of Gurugram from January 2021 to September 2021.
Methodology: Self designed, the conduct of the model has been accessible with the support of activity outlines produced in a normal state and Parkinson's state. These outlines have been related by finding out their correlation coefficient for dissimilar values of essential parameters. Here, a single-compartment conductance-based model is taken that concentrates on the subthalamic nucleus and synaptic input from globus pallidus (external). Current model displays extremely nonlinear behavior regarding many essential parameters.
Results: Outcomes show that the activity outlines are extremely penetrating to several essential parameters. Deep brain stimulation is measured as a harmless and well-borne surgical technique to lighten Parkinson’s disease and extra movement ailments indications across some psychiatric situations. So, the deep brain stimulation technique has been applied here mathematically to find the cross-correlation between the two states. With the help of this stimulation, some promising results are obtained.
Conclusion: The conclusion is that DBS is operative at reducing motor indications of parkinsonism by 99.59%.
Formulation and in vitro Evaluation of Diacerein Loaded Transferosomal Topical Gel for the Effective Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Pola Kranthi Kumar , Kumar Rada Santosh 
Published: February 2022

Aim: The main objective of the current research work was to formulate and evaluate Diacerein-loaded transferosomal topical gel to overcome the drawbacks associated with oral administration of Diacerein in Osteo arthritis treatment.
Study Design: Transferosomal topical gel
Methodology: Transferosomes were developed using different ratios of Phospholipid® 90G as phospholipid and Span-60 as surfactant and cholesterol as fluidity buffer. The selected best formulation of transferosomes was further optimized as a topical gel using different rate controlling polymers such as hydroxylethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and, carbopol. Transcutol P was used as a penetration enhancer. In vitro diffusion studies of developed formulations were carried out using Franz diffusion cell apparatus.
Results: The formulations prepared with Hydroxy ethyl cellulose (TBG1, TBG2, TBG3), HPMC (TBG4, TBG5, TBG6) was shown rapid drug release when compared to formulations prepared with carbopol (TBG7, TBG8, TBG9) are showing controlled drug release.Where the formulation prepared with carbopol with 0.75% concentration has shown acceptable extended drug release for 12 hours with acceptable other physico-chemical properties.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that Diacerein-loaded transferosomal gel can be administered topically for the treatment of osteoarthritis with reduced oral side effects.
Stratification of follicular thyroid tumours using data‐independent acquisition proteomics and a comprehensive thyroid tissue spectral library
Authors: Sun Yaoting , Li Lu , Zhou Yan , Ge Weigang , Wang He , Wu Runxin , Liu Wei , Chen Hao , Xiao Qi , Cai Xue , Dong Zhen , Zhang Fangfei , Xiao Junhong , Wang Guangzhi , He Yi , Gao Jinlong , Kon Oi Lian , Iyer Narayanan Gopalakrishna , Guan Haixia , Teng Xiaodong , Zhu Yi , Zhao Yongfu , Guo Tiannan 
Published: February 2022

Thyroid nodules occur in about 60% of the population. A major challenge in thyroid nodule diagnosis is to distinguish between follicular adenoma (FA) and carcinoma (FTC). Here, we present a comprehensive thyroid spectral library covering five types of thyroid tissues. This library includes 121 960 peptides and 9941 protein groups. This spectral library can be used to quantify up to 7863 proteins from thyroid tissues, and can also be used to develop parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assays for targeted protein quantification. Next, to stratify follicular thyroid tumours, we compared the proteomes of 24 FA and 22 FTC samples, and identified 204 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Our data suggest altered ferroptosis pathways in malignant follicular carcinoma. In all, 31 selected proteins effectively distinguished follicular tumours. Of those DEPs, nine proteins were further verified by PRM in an independent cohort of 18 FA and 19 FTC. Together, we present a comprehensive spectral library for DIA and targeted proteomics analysis of thyroid tissue specimens, and identified nine proteins that could potentially distinguish FA and FTC.
Electron‐Deficient Sites for Improving V2+/V3+ Redox Kinetics in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Huang Rongjiao , Liu Suqin , He Zhen , Zhu Weiwei , Ye Guanying , Su Yuke , Deng Weiwen , Wang Jue 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFundamental kinetics of the V2+/V3+ of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) are still not well understood despite tremendous efforts in improving the sluggish kinetics of V2+/V3+. This article first reveals the rate‐determining step in the electrochemical oxidation of V2+ to V3+ by exploring the reaction kinetics. Thereafter, TiB2 with abundant electron‐deficient sites, which possesses a strong electron‐accepting ability, is demonstrated to improve the rate‐determining step of V2+/V3+ by enhancing the electron transfer from V2+ to the electrode. The mechanism of TiB2 for boosting V2+/V3+ kinetics is also unraveled by analyzing the reaction order. VRFB with the electron‐deficient TiB2 demonstrates a remarkable enhancement in the electrochemical performance, exhibiting an excellent rate performance from 70 to 300 mA cm−2. The energy efficiency is improved by 14.06% compared to the cell with the pristine electrode at 150 mA cm−2 for 300 cycles. This study is critical for not only proposing the promising electron‐deficient catalyst in VRFB application but also promoting fundamental understanding and offering a design strategy for achieving superior performance electrocatalysts in VRFB.