bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Spinal/Epidural Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia on Perioperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Shui Min , Zhao Deng , Xue Ziyi , Wu Anshi 
Published: August 2022

Study Design:
A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective:
To compare impact of different anesthesia techniques on perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data:
Both general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia/epidural anesthesia can be used for lumbar spine surgery. There is still much controversy that which anesthesia technique is much more suitable for lumbar spine surgery with less complications, general anesthesia or regional anesthesia.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), PubMed, and Cochrane library for randomized controlled trials and independent reviewers assessed eligibility for included studies. Primary outcomes included incidences of intraoperative hypertension, hypotension, tachycardia, and bradycardia. Secondary outcomes included postoperative analgesic requirement, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), headache, urinary retention, blood loss, and length of hospital stay.

Results:
Ten randomized controlled trials consisting of 733 adult patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery were included. Spinal anesthesia/epidural anesthesia group had significant lower incidences of intraoperative hypertension [odds ratio (OR), 0.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.08–0.38; P<0.00001; I
2=0.0%] and tachycardia (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.26–0.79; P=0.006; I
2=0.0%), analgesic requirement in postanesthesia care unit (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.08–0.22; P<0.00001; I
2=0.0%), PONV within 24 hours after surgery (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.16–0.46; P<0.00001; I
2=6.0%), and shorter length of postoperative hospital stay (mean difference, −0.28; 95% CI, −0.37 to −0.18; P<0.00001; I
2=32.0%). There were no significant differences in incidences of intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia, PONV in postanesthesia care unit, analgesic requirement, urinary retention, and headache within 24 hours after surgery.

Conclusions:
Low to moderate quality of evidence revealed that patient undergoing lumbar spine surgery might benefit from spinal or epidural anesthesia.
Treatment of the Deltoid and Syndesmotic Ligaments in Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Chrea Bopha , Johnson Holly A. 
Published: August 2022

Historically, ankle instability research has focused primarily on the lateral ligament complex. However, more recently there has been an increased attention on the role of the deltoid ligament and syndesmosis in chronic ankle instability. We describe historical perspectives as well as the current state of evidence and techniques for a more comprehensive approach to ankle instability.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Biomarkers and immunotherapy: where are we?
Authors: Langouo Fontsa Mireille , Padonou Francine , Willard-Gallo Karen 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Here, we reviewed the recent breakthroughs in the understanding of predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) treatment.

Recent findings
ICI have revolutionized cancer therapy enabling novel therapeutic indications in multiple tumor types and increasing the probability of survival in patients with metastatic disease. However, in every considered tumor types only a minority of patients exhibits clear and lasting benefice from ICI treatment, and due to their unique mechanism of action treatment with ICI is also associated with acute clinical toxicities called immune related adverse events (irAEs) that can be life threatening. The approval of the first ICI drug has prompted many exploratory strategies for a variety of biomarkers and have shown that several factors might affect the response to ICI treatment, including tumors intrinsic factors, tumor microenvironment and tumor extrinsic or systemic factor. Currently, only three biomarkers programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor microenvironment and microsatellite instability had the US Food and Drug Administration-approbation with some limitations

Summary
The establishment of valid predictive biomarkers of ICI sensitivity has become a priority to guide patient treatment to maximize the chance of benefit and prevent unnecessary toxicity.
Digital Transformation of Faculty Development: Responding and Supporting Academia During Disruptions Caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Yilmaz Yusuf , McDonald Peter J. , Locke Shawn , Lal Sarrah , Bayer Ilana , Tong Xiao Catherine , Kundi Anjali , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic disrupted the current practices for teaching and learning in medical and health professions education, creating challenges and opportunities for rapid transition. The authors describe how McMaster University's Program for Faculty Development (MacPFD) responded to this disruption by engaging in a digital transformation.

Methods:
The digital transformation process of MacPFD was mapped to the conceptual framework of digital transformation: Vial's building blocks of the framework. A new website was launched to host and disseminate the content. Subsequently, both the website and the content were promoted using social media tools. Content generation, Google Analytics, event registrations, and Zoom webinar attendance records were data sources for the results. Analysis of the data was based on the reach component of the RE-AIM framework.

Results:
Six-month data range results were reported as producer-centered and user-centered outcomes. The former consisted of 54 resources from diverse content authors, whereas the latter received 33,045 page views from 26,031 unique users from 89 countries. Live webinar events had 1484 registrants, with 312 (21%) being guests from external institutions. Before the coronavirus disease 2019 disruption, MacPFD was a local program to support its faculty.

Discussion:
The MacPFD's digital transformation shows a clear transition to a new “glocal” approach: an expanded global reach while still tending to our local development needs of the home institution's faculty members.
Anaesthesia for elite athletes
Authors: Bourgonjon Bram , Vermeylen Kris , Tytgat Niek , Forget Patrice 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND
Sports participation has been growing rapidly since the 1960s. Anaesthesiologists are increasingly confronted with athletes in a peri-operative setting. The right choice of type of anaesthesia technique, pain management of injuries, specific physiologic adaptations of the athlete and knowledge of prohibited substances are eminent for a correct approach of this subpopulation.

PURPOSE
This review aims to give an overview of athletes’ specific anaesthetic management in peri-operative and postoperative settings and to guide the nonspecialised anaesthetist.

METHODS
We comprehensively reviewed the literature, gathered all the information available on, and synthesised it in a narrative way, regarding preoperative evaluation, intraoperative implications and postoperative pain management of the elite athlete undergoing a surgical procedure.

RESULTS
An anaesthesiologist should recognise the most common benign ECG findings in athletes like bradycardia, isolated left ventricle hypertrophy on voltage criteria and early repolarisation as normal features in the athlete's heart. Isotonic physiology typically produces four-chamber dilation. In contrast, isometric stress creates high intravascular pressure leading to left ventricular hypertrophy. Pre-operative evaluation should also identify possible consumers of performance-enhancing drugs. Intraoperative points of interest for the anaesthesiologist is mainly avoiding drugs on the prohibited list of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Postoperative and chronic pain management are still developing fields in this population. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) proposed treating acute pain with a combination of paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), topical analgesics, injectable NSAIDs and local anaesthetics. It may be suggested that chronic pain management in elite athletes could benefit from treatment in specialised multidisciplinary pain clinics.

CONCLUSION
This literature review aims to serve as a guide for the anaesthesiologist taking care of the elite athlete.
Cardiac Rehabilitation Improves Fitness in Patients With Subclinical Markers of Cardiotoxicity While Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Kerrigan Dennis J. , Reddy Madhulata , Walker Eleanor M. , Cook Bernard , McCord James , Loutfi Randa , Saval Matthew A. , Baxter Jodi , Brawner Clinton A. , Keteyian Steven J. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Heart failure (HF) due to cardiotoxicity is a leading non–cancer-related cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and reduces morbidity and mortality in patients with HF, but little is known about its effects on cardiotoxicity in the cancer population. The objective of this study was to determine whether participation in CR improves CRF in patients undergoing treatment with either doxorubicin or trastuzumab who exhibit markers of subclinical cardiotoxicity.

Methods:
Female patients with cancer (n = 28: breast, n = 1: leiomyosarcoma) and evidence of subclinical cardiotoxicity (ie, >10% relative decrease in global longitudinal strain or a cardiac troponin of >40 ng·L−1) were randomized to 10 wk of CR or usual care. Exercise consisted of 3 d/wk of interval training at 60-90% of heart rate reserve.

Results:
Cardiorespiratory fitness, as measured by peak oxygen uptake (V˙o
2peak), improved in the CR group (16.9 + 5.0 to 18.5 + 6.0 mL∙kg−1 ∙min−1) while it decreased in the usual care group (17.9 + 3.9 to 16.9 + 4.0 mL∙kg−1 ∙min−1) (P = .009). No changes were observed between groups with respect to high-sensitivity troponin or global longitudinal strain.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that the use of CR may be a viable option to attenuate the reduction in CRF that occurs in patients undergoing cardiotoxic chemotherapy. The long-term effects of exercise on chemotherapy-induced HF warrant further investigation.
Preeclampsia and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a systematic review
Authors: Tossetta Giovanni , Fantone Sonia , delli Muti Nicola , Balercia Giancarlo , Ciavattini Andrea , Giannubilo Stefano Raffaele , Marzioni Daniela 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease that has rapidly spread worldwide, causing hundreds of thousand deaths. Normal placentation is characterized by many processes strictly regulated during pregnancy. If placentation is impaired, it can lead to gestational disorders, such as preeclampsia that is a multisystem disorder that occurs in 2–8% of pregnancies worldwide.

Methods:
We performed a systematic search to understand the potential involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in preeclampsia onset using the databases, PubMed and Web of Science until 31 January 2022.

Results:
SARS-CoV-2 infection not only causes damage to the respiratory system but also can infect human placenta cells impairing pivotal processes necessary for normal placenta development. The inflammatory response trigged by COVID-19 disease is very similar to that one found in preeclampsia pregnancies suggesting a possible link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and preeclampsia onset during pregnancy.

Conclusion:
Some studies showed that pregnancies affected by COVID-19 had higher incidence of preeclampsia compared with SARS-CoV-2-negative ones. However, increased blood pressure found in COVID-19 pregnancies does not allow to associate COVID-19 to preeclampsia as hypertension is a common factor to both conditions. At present, no diagnostic tools are available to discriminate real preeclampsia from preeclampsia-like syndrome in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, new specific diagnostic tools are necessary to assure an appropriate diagnosis of preeclampsia in these patients, especially in case of severe COVID-19 disease.
Excess pressure but not pulse wave velocity is associated with cognitive function impairment: a community-based study
Authors: Lin Chen-Hua , Cheng Hao-Min , Wang Jiun-Jr , Peng Li-Ning , Chen Liang-Kung , Wang Pei-Ning , Chen Chen-Huan 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), an index of mainly distal aortic stiffness, has been inconsistently associated with cognitive function. Excess pressure, derived from the arterial reservoir-excess pressure analysis, may integrate the pulsatile load of the proximal aorta. The present study examined whether increased excess pressure is associated with cognitive function impairment in community adults.

Methods:
A total of 992 community participants (69.5% females; mean age: 67.3 years; education 13.6 years) without cerebrovascular disease or dementia received the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to evaluate global cognition. Arterial reservoir and excess pressure, arterial stiffness, and wave reflections were assessed, using carotid tonometry and aortic Doppler flowmetry.

Results:
Excess pressure integral (XSPI), percentage XSPI, cf-PWV, characteristic impedance (Zc), and forward and backward pressure amplitude (Pf, Pb, respectively) were significantly higher in 197 participants (19.9%) with a low MoCA score (<26 or <25, depending on level of education). In multivariable analyses, XSPI (standardized odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, 1.30, 1.06–1.59), and percentage XSPI (1.27, 1.06–1.52) but not cf-PWV (1.04, 0.85–1.26) were significantly associated with a low MoCA. Further analysis revealed that Pf and Zc were the major determinants of XSPI (partial R
2: Pf = 0.656, Zc = 0.467) and percentage XSPI (Pf = 0.459, Zc = 0.371). In contrast, age, instead of Pf and Zc, was the major determinant of cf-PWV (partial R
2: age = 0.187).

Conclusions:
Excess pressure (XSPI/percentage XSPI), mainly determined by the pulsatile hemodynamics of the proximal aorta, was significantly associated with cognitive function impairment in middle-aged and elderly community adults.
SEVERE MACULAR EDEMA AFTER TRAUMATIC HEAD INJURY: A CASE OF WHIPLASH MACULOPATHY
Authors: Ballios Brian G. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Whiplash or “traumatic” maculopathy is associated with retinal concussion, typically after the rapid acceleration/deceleration experienced in motor vehicle collisions. It has rarely been discussed in the literature, likely given the spontaneous and relatively rapid nature with which the acute macular edema resolves. A focused clinical history around the trauma and characteristic signs and structural features on retinal imaging help to distinguish this condition from other sequelae of concussive retinal injury. We report a case of whiplash maculopathy after a blunt injury to the head, which presented with unilateral and substantial macular edema in the left eye.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 38-year-old man presented with complaint of a central scotoma in his left eye after a blunt trauma to his head. Comprehensive ophthalmological evaluation and retinal imaging with optical coherence tomography confirmed whiplash maculopathy, with acute macular edema in his left eye. Management with observation and close follow-up showed rapid improvement in his visual symptoms over the course of days and improvement in the severity of macular edema. One month after his injury, macular edema had resolved with only mild structural irregularities, the patient's vision had improved, and he was asymptomatic.

Conclusion:
When observing patients with significant macular edema after concussive head injury, whiplash maculopathy should be considered, regardless of a history of motor vehicle collision. The condition can present with significant asymmetry of disease. The diagnosis generally carries a good prognosis for vision; however, there are cases of persistent central visual disturbances.
Lacripep for the Treatment of Primary Sjögren–Associated Ocular Surface Disease: Results of the First-In-Human Study
Authors: Tauber Joseph , Laurie Gordon W. , Parsons Edward C. , Odrich Marc G. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the safety, tolerability, dosing, and efficacy of the active 19 amino acid fragment of lacritin (Lacripep), a broad regulator of ocular surface homeostasis, in the treatment of ocular surface disease associated with primary Sjögren syndrome.

Methods:
Two hundred four subjects were randomized to receive vehicle, 22 μM Lacripep, or 44 μM Lacripep 3 times daily for 28 days, preceded by a 14-day run-in and followed by 14-day washout. Outcome measures were corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), lissamine conjunctival staining, Schirmer with anesthesia, tear break-up time, SANDE scoring, and visual analog scale assessment of symptoms.

Results:
This study established the safety and tolerability of topical treatment with Lacripep in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome. There were few adverse events: Only mild irritation was found in less than 3 percent of patients dosed with Lacripep. Total CFS and Eye Dryness Score were not significantly changed at day 28. Post hoc analysis of patients with Eye Dryness Severity scores of 60 or greater at baseline revealed significant improvements in inferior CFS at 14 and 28 days and complaints of burning and stinging at 14 days. Significant improvement in regional lissamine conjunctival staining was seen at 14 and 28 days.

Conclusions:
This first-in-human study of Lacripep in patients with primary Sjögren syndrome demonstrated clinically significant improvements in specific signs and symptoms on which to base future studies. This study established safety and tolerability and potential metrics of efficacy in patients with moderate to severe disease. Further work on appropriate dosing and concentration is ongoing.
Acceleration of Regeneration of the Corneal Endothelial Layer After Descemet Stripping Induced by the Engineered FGF TTHX1114 in Human Corneas in Organ Culture
Authors: Pizzuto Sarah , Duffey Grace , Weant Jessica , Eveleth David 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Descemet stripping only (DSO, descemetorhexis without endothelial keratoplasty) is increasing in clinical use but can impose long recovery times. The objective of this research was to determine whether TTHX1114, an engineered analog of FGF1, could accelerate healing in corneas after DSO.

Methods:
Corneas obtained from eye banks were placed into suspension culture and subjected to DSO with a procedure comparable with that used clinically. The healing of the stripped area and the regeneration of the corneal endothelial cell (CEC) layer were evaluated intermittently for 14 days using trypan blue staining, alizarin red staining, and immunohistochemistry.

Results:
Corneas subjected to DSO showed about 30% of the stripped area healed after 14 days in culture while those treated with TTHX1114 healed 81%. The healed area was similar in both normal corneas and corneas judged by the eye banks to be dystrophic. The regeneration of the endothelial layer in the stripped area was substantially more complete in TTHX1114-treated corneas, most of which demonstrated a contiguous monolayer of CECs expressing ZO-1 at the cell–cell junctions. In corneas not subject to DSO, incorporation of EdU, a marker of proliferation, was stimulated by TTHX1114 treatment.

Conclusions:
The corneal organ culture model recapitulated clinical observations of DSO, only with much more rapid recovery. Within the immediate postsurgical time frame of 2 weeks, treatment with TTHX1114 stimulated near-total regeneration of the CEC layer, suggesting that TTHX1114 may be useful as an adjunct to DSO.
Association Between Low Back Pain, Workaholism, and Work Engagement in Japanese Hospital Workers
Authors: Nihei Kenji , Suzukamo Yoshimi , Matsudaira Ko , Tanabe Motoko , Izumi Shin-Ichi 
Published: August 2022

Objective
This study aimed to examine the association between two types of heavy work investment, workaholism and work engagement, and low back pain prevalence.

Methods
We conducted a paper-based survey of Japanese hospital workers. The Dutch Workaholism Scale (DUWAS) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) were used to classify the participants into four groups and perform multiple logistic regression analyses.

Results
Among 699 participants, the group with low DUWAS and high UWES at 37.1% had the lowest low back pain prevalence. In order, the groups with low DUWAS and UWES were at 51.7%; those with high DUWAS and UWES, 58.5%; and those with high DUWAS and low UWES, 62.4%, with multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of 1.77, 2.01, and 2.33, respectively.

Conclusions
Low back pain prevalence among Japanese hospital workers was reduced by high levels of work engagement, even at high levels of workaholism.
Feasibility and Acceptability of Policies and Environmental Strategies for Improving Physical Activity and Healthy Eating in Japanese Small and Medium Corporations
Authors: Ozaki Itsuko , Nishijima Mariko , Konishi Michiko 
Published: August 2022

Objective
We assessed the implementation status of policies and environmental strategies for increasing physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE) in small and medium corporations to identify feasible and acceptable interventions.

Methods
An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was administered to 655 small and medium corporations to determine whether they implemented PA (18 items) and HE (17 items) policies and environmental strategies and, if not, their intention to do so in the future. We compared differences in the implementation and intention to implement rate by corporation size.

Results
The implementation and intention rates of costly items for PA and HE were low, regardless of corporation size, but were significantly lower in small corporations than in medium corporations.

Conclusions
To overcome cost barriers, employee participation must be encouraged, and employee knowledge of PA and HE must be improved.
IgG4-Related Sclerosing Disease of the Temporal Bone: A Systematic Review
Authors: Oochit Krishna Kushalsingh , Wong Yun Yan , Mihuna Aishath , Oliwa Agata , Kontorinis Georgios 
Published: August 2022

Objective
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) involving the temporal bone is an uncommon and underrecognized pathology often mistaken for malignancy. This systematic review is the first that aims to thoroughly analyze IgG4-RD of the temporal bone.

Databases Reviewed
Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.

Methods
We used the following search keywords: “lgG4-RD,” “skull,” “skull base,” “cranial,” “temporal bone,” “inner ear.” We additionally manually searched the bibliographies of relevant articles. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports and Case Series was used to assess the risk of bias; because of the scarcity of the reports, data were available through limited case series and reports; thus, data synthesis was not possible.

Results
We identified 17 studies with 22 cases with temporal bone involvement. The most common presenting symptoms were hearing loss, otalgia, and headache. The mastoid and petrous bone were the most affected anatomical areas. Both computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used. Biopsies showed the characteristic lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in all cases, with histopathology being the diagnostic modality that set the diagnosis. Most patients were treated with corticosteroids ± surgery or a combination of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants with 95.5% symptomatic response and disease control.

Conclusion
IgG4-RD of the temporal bone radiologically manifests as space-occupying, lytic lesions; clinically, it presents with vague otological symptoms. Diagnosis involves a thorough workup, with histopathology being crucial in setting a definite diagnosis. IgG4-RD tends to respond well to systemic corticosteroids, whereas surgery is mostly required for diagnostic purposes.