bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of White Blood Cell Count and Its Differential Count in Gingival and Periodontal Conditions Associated with Bleeding Gingiva
Authors: Charan L. Sai , Sinduja Palati , Priyadarshini R. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Bleeding gingiva is caused primarily due to the accumulation of plaque and calculus which eventually leads to gingivitis or periodontitis. Other causes of bleeding gingiva can be due to improper flossing, over brushing of the teeth and gingiva, hormonal changes due to pregnancy, ill-fitting dentures and any other dental appliances impinging the gingiva. The bleeding gingiva can also indicate serious health problems like leukemia, scurvy, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, vitamin k deficiency and any bleeding disorder. Persistent gingival bleeding is a sign of serious medical problems like leukemia and platelet disorders. Leukemia is a group of cancer where there is an increased number of immature or abnormal white blood cells. In this study, the WBC and their differential count is analyzed in patients with bleeding gingiva to check the possibilities for the patient to get cancer.
Aim: To measure and observe the WBC count and its differentials by testing the blood from patients with bleeding gingiva.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the clinical pathology lab at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai. 100 subjects were subjected to the study. Subjects with chief complaint of bleeding gingiva, without systemic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and patients with the age of above 10 were included in the study.
Results and Conclusion: This study was conducted to analyze the WBC count and differential count among the patients with bleeding gingiva. No significant correlation was found between bleeding gingiva and white blood cells & their differential count in this study.
Diabetes Mellitus: Worst Comorbidity to have in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sengupta Kritarth , Sudame Bharat S. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Diabetic patients have shown the worst clinical manifestation of the COVID-19. They are at higher risk of being infected and producing severe clinical outcomes, challenging to manage. Also, the share of the diabetic patient among case fatalities is large.
Summary: COVID-19 is a disease pandemic that has spread worldwide. All sections and age groups of people worldwide have been affected by the pandemic. Diabetes mellitus is the worst disease to have in OVID-19, as studies have shown some adverse clinical outcome that needs sophisticated medical attention. In lack of resources and overwhelmed infrastructure, the availability of these is tricky.
Conclusion: More study is needed about the bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus so that a clearer picture can be emerged out of the fogged situation. Diabetes is already grappling the world, which is suggested by increasing the number of diabetic patient’s number worldwide. Especially in COVID-19, it has become a challenge to contain the disease along with all these comorbidities. The immunosuppressive state brought about by various underlying medical conditions like diabetes mellitus is suitable ground for novel coronavirus to propagate itself.
Protocol for RCT: Effectiveness of Traditional Breast Stimulations as Adjuvant Techniques to Breast Milk Expression on Lactational and Maternal Outcomes
Authors: Abraham Lt. Col.  Asha K. , Maurya Archana , Dhopavka Gauri 
Published: January 2022

Background: Mothers of infants who are dependent on expressed breast milk often find difficulty to express adequate quantity of breast milk to ensure exclusive breast feeding to their babies and it has become a major stress factor among these mothers. Many cost-effective adjuvant techniques are proved to be very useful in improving the quantity and quality of expressed breast milk.
Objective: To determine the effect of two traditional breast stimulation techniques such as warm compress and breast massage as adjuvant to breast milk expression on maternal and lactational outcomes.
Methodology: A hospital-based cross over trial will be considered to compare the effects of two interventions such as breast massage and warm compress, adjuvant to breast milk expression method (breast pump) on lactational outcomes (Quantity and quality of expressed breast milk) and maternal outcomes (Nipple pain, anxiety and experience of breast milk expression). The setting of the study will be selected tertiary level hospital of New Delhi. Approval from Institutional the Ethical approval is obtained from Institutional Ethical Committee, DMIMS (DMIMS (DU)/IEC/2017-18/6979) and also from the institutional ethical committee of armed forces medical services hospital of New Delhi where the study will be conducted. The data collected will be entered to an electronic data sheet and analysis will be done using SPSS.
Expected Results: There will be a positive impact of interventions on locational outcomes such as quantity of expressed breast milk and quality of expressed breast milk.
There will be a positive impact of interventions on maternal outcomes such as nipple pain. Anxiety and breast milk expression experience.
This nurse led interventions will be made as a part of hospital policy to provide routine care to the mothers who are expressing breast milk in hospital settings.
Conclusion: Conclusion will be drawn after the analysis of data collected from the predetermined sample size. The findings of the study will be published in an open access peer reviewed journal.
Application of Visagism Concept to Assess the Co-Relation between the Temperament and Smile Esthetics: A Clinical Study
Authors: Jain Poorvi , Godbole Surekha , Kambala Seema Sathe , Mahatme Chetan 
Published: January 2022

Background: Ability of a person to express a wide range of emotions with the movement of teeth and lips is called as a smile. Dentogenic concept considers gender, personality, age in harmonizing shapes of teeth with the face. Personality is unique for an individual. Unveiling personality traits, desires of the individual, translating them into natural tooth shapes to maintain the psychodentofacial harmony poses a major challenge to the clinician in designing a smile. Visagism is a novel concept that helps the dentists in providing restorations that involve esthetics psychological and social features of the created image, which influences the individual’s emotions. It involves the customization of an image.
Aim and Objectives: To assess the co-relation between the smile esthetics and mental temperaments or personalities through the application of the concept of visagism.
Methodology: A Digital camera (DSLR) for capturing the photographs and smile designing software will be used. Each subject will be instructed to occlude the teeth while capturing photographs. A validated questionnaire study will be conducted that will help to discover temperament of the subject. The answers will be evaluated and maximum score of the responses out of the list will be dominant temperament in that individual.
Expected Outcome: Co-relation between this study might help clinicians to accurately assess the correlation between the temperament and the smile esthetics and eventually develop proper customisation of a smile with respect to the personality of the patient.
Conclusion: If computer-assisted smile design and application of visagism concept would be accurate and reproducible, this might help and improve the planning of smile designing, the oral rehabilitations.
The Use of Ophthalmic and Nasal Naphazoline in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Ahmed Nehad Jaser , Yusufoglu Hasan Soliman 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The present study aimed to describe the use of ophthalmic and nasal naphazoline in the outpatient setting.
Methodology: This was a retrospective study that includes reviewing the electronic prescriptions of naphazoline among outpatients in a public hospital in Alkharj.
Results: During the study period of 6 months, 393 patients received naphazoline. Most of them were male patients (77.35%) and the age of 34.35% of them was between 20 and 29 years. The majority of the prsecriptions that contained naphazoline were prescribed by residents (99.75%). Most of the patients received naphazoline as nasal drops either alone (47.84%) or combined with chlorpheniramine (36.13%). The majority of the prescriptions were written by the emergency department (99.24%).
Conclusion: The present study showed that naphazoline was commonly prescribed in Alkharj. Further studies are needed to explore the frequency and pattern of naphazoline use as well as to explore the frequency of prescribing other sympathomimetic vasoconstrictors in different settings.
Estimation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Tuberculosis Patients in Penang: A Prospective Study
Authors: Bhatti Zohra , Khan Amer Hayat , Sulaiman Syed Azhar Syed , Laghari Madeeha , Ali Irfhan Ali Bin Hyder 
Published: January 2022

Background: A clear understanding of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of tuberculosis (TB) patients is important to encourage patients' contribution to TB prevention and control. Appropriate knowledge, positive attitude, preventing transmission and early diagnosis of TB are key factors in improving patient outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practices about TB and determine related influencing factors among TB patients.
Methodology: A cross-sectional prospective study by using a validated structured tool was conducted among TB patients more than 18 years of age. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic characteristics and TB knowledge, attitude, and practices level. To compare scores of each domain with various demographic factors, the Kruskal Wallis H test was applied.
Results: Total participants in the study were 337. Of these, 231(68.5%) were male and 106(31.5%) were females with a mean age of 46.5±17.1 years. A significant difference was observed between males and females TB knowledge and practices concerning age. Patients with ³ 12 years of educational background profoundly have better knowledge.
Conclusion: Overall, TB patients have shown encouraging results of the study, but poor attitudes and practicing behaviors are observed among TB patients. More extensive strategies should be developed to enhance the campaign of awareness programs among TB patients to improve preventing behavior towards disease.
Endogenous Endophthalmitis in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Manilika . , Maruthkar Swapneel , Daigavane Sachin , Rahate Nachiket , Sarda Prayas , Shukla Samarth , Acharya Sourya , Goyal Aditi 
Published: January 2022

Intrinsic endophthalmitis is indeed behavior that causes eye disease that spreads into the bloodstream from a distant primary site. The intraocular disease caused by hematogenous microbial proliferation is known as indigenous endophthalmitis. Extrinsic and intrinsic endophthalmitis are the two types of endophthalmitis that exist. The presence of an external point of entry is linked to extrinsic endophthalmitis. Intrinsic endophthalmitis is a kind of septicemia caused by a blood-borne infection. Endophthalmitis is a disease of all the inner coating of the eyeball except the sclera and cornea, which is accompanied by substantial, increasing vitreous swelling. Endophthalmitis is a severe ocular crisis with severe visual and general consequences. An exterior injury of the entrance, such as injury, operation, or an inflamed cornea, is the most prevalent route of entry for potential pathogens. Endophthalmitis has a complex etiology, with many pathogenic species and substantial regional heterogeneity. The treatment of endophthalmitis has evolved dramatically during the last century. Endophthalmitis induced by direct inoculation dissemination of pathogenic microbes is a rare occurrence that occurs most commonly in sick or disadvantaged people. Intravenous medication usage, diabetes mellitus, immunological impairment, cancer, prolonged hospitalization, or systemic antibiotic therapy have all been linked to a 0.04 percent incidence rate. Haden described metastatic endophthalmitis in a seriously sick patient with pneumococcal cerebrospinal encephalopathy treated with intravenously anti-meningococcal serum in the 1918 volume of the Journal Ophthalmology. Endogenous endophthalmitis, unlike extrinsic endophthalmitis, needs comprehensive systemic antibiotic treatment. In indigenous endophthalmitis, the illness originates not in the eye but elsewhere in the body. As a result, it is necessary to obtain comprehensive cultures. Patients are sometimes unable to carry out their functions in society or household. As a rest, the person cannot cope financially and socially in his environment. Many social and influential factors are disturbed, and the patients are often depressed. Cosmetically the surgeries are not satisfying. Artificial prosthetics can be used, but they're seldom of minimum functional importance. Such interventions can be helpful for the patient. The focus should be made to deliberately save the patients and not just the cosmetic value of the surgery. Persons with chronic endophthalmitis had more excellent eyesight than people with symptomatic or subacute endophthalmitis. Improvements in eyesight were observed in individuals with persistent or subacute keratitis several months after the surgery more frequently than in people with symptomatic endophthalmitis. Nevertheless, in 40 percent of the overall all instances with an abrupt start, there have been no improvements or even decrease in visual acuity.
Oral Candidiasis with Subcutaneaous Emphyema Associated With Sari Following Post COVID 19: A Case Report
Authors: Dandade Shiwani Padmakarrao , Taksande Vaishali 
Published: January 2022

Background: Over the last few decades, the covid 19 has increased all over the world. More issues are likely to be observed as covid 19 rate increases. The major cause of morbidity and mortality is infection. Oral Candidiasis With Subcutaneaous Emphyema and SARI are very rare complications in Covid 19 patient. The final cause is infection, but sometimes it causes due to allergic or inflammatory reaction of the drugs. If it occurs after post covid 19 then creates very serious issues with the peoples health.
Case Presentation: Here we are mentioning a very rare case of Oral Candidiasis With Subcutaneaous Emphyema and SARI after Covid 19 positive patient. In this case, on physical examination and investigation, it was found that, after covid 19 patient has developed Oral Candidiasis, Subcutaneous Emphysema , severe breathlessness, cough, fever, nausea, vomiting, throat infection and loss of appetide. To overcome this sudden issue, emergency exploratory medical and surgical treatment was done. During Covid 19 treament her HRCT Score was 21/25 and the infection was severe. There was no any sign of oral candidiasis, subcutaneous emphysema, or tissue or organ damage or no any other abnormality was detected during Covid 19 tratment. No bacterial growth or fungal growth observed on investigation. After some days and treatment of covid 19 the patient was developed a Oral Candidiasis and Subcutaneous Emphysema and SARI. The working diagnosis was finalized by doctors i.e. Oral Candidiasis With Subcutaneaous Emphyema and SARI. After expert medical management and excellent nursing care patient was discharged with full recovery.
Conclusion: In this study, we mainly focus on expert medical management and excellent nursing care helped in managing the complicated case very nicely. All the patient response was positive for conservative and nursing management and after treatment the patient was discharged without any complications and satisfaction with full recovery.
Evaluation of the Knowledge of Saudi Women in Childbearing Period towards Toxoplasmosis Induced Teratogenicity – Evidence from A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mansy Wael , Alwhaibi Abdulrahman , Alqahtani Ali Mohammad , Al-Arifi Nasser M. , Alotaibi Abdulaziz N , Babelghaith Salmeen D , Aljabli Norah , Alsubei Sara , Fayez Raghad Al , Ameel Nouf Al , Al-Arifi Mohamed N 
Published: January 2022

Background: Toxoplasmosis is an environmental teratogen that may disrupt fetal development if transferred to the mother during pregnancy, resulting in maldevelopment and newborn mortality.
Objective: To assess knowledge of Saudi women in their childbearing period as regards risk factors of Toxoplasmosis infestation, testing, awareness of disease manifestation and prevention.
Methods: Anonymous online survey was used to examine the knowledge of Saudi women in their childbearing period about Toxoplasmosis induced teratogenicity. The non-probability sampling yields a calculated size of 600 women. The cross-sectional design of the research required categorizing the questions into two significant portions, one for sociodemographic data and the other for assessing Toxoplasmosis awareness. First, a descriptive statistic summarized the demographic characteristics. In categorical data, chi-square tests were employed to compare groups.
Results: A total of 613 women in their childbearing years completed the questionnaire. Most respondents interviewed were 36-40 (46.7%), and Para 1-5 (80%), and 86% were graduates. In addition, 42.2 % had the basic knowledge of Toxoplasmosis, 25.3 % were aware of the manifestations of the disease, and 76.3% correctly identified premature labor or miscarriage as sequelae of the infection. Aside from the frequency of abnormalities and parities and knowledge of toxoplasmosis, no other demographics in our research sample showed a significant association.
Conclusion: The basic knowledge of Toxoplasmosis among Saudi women of childbearing age is unsatisfactory (42.6 %). Age, family income, educational level and the number of abortions were significantly associated with knowledge of Toxoplasmosis among Saudi women in their childbearing age.
Documentation, Clinical Validation, Safety Assessment and Efficacy of Siddha Treatment in COVID 19 SARS-CoV-2: A Case Series
Authors: Jeyavenkatesh J. , Saravanapandian P. , Yogeswari C. , Ramani S. Roja , Priya R. Shanmuga 
Published: January 2022

Aims: To evaluate clinical validation, safety assessment and efficacy of Siddha line of treatment in COVID-19 patients.
Presentation of the Case: Open labelled, interventional, prospective cohort study conducted in Covid ward, Kokila Siddha Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai between June and Aug 2021. Among 22 registered in the trial 5 (22.72%) developed breathing difficulty, treated with oxygen support, 10 (45.5%) were male, 12 (54.5%) were female. At the time of admission, maximum 9 (40.9 %) had fever, followed by dry cough 18 (81.8%), dyspnea 8 (36.4%), malaise 16 (72.7%), anorexia 8 (36.4%), headache 4 (18.2%), Type-2DM 5 (23%), and 2 (9%) had hypertension as comorbidity. Hematology, LFT, RFT, D-Dimer, PTT, CRP were taken before and after 5 days of treatment.
Discussion: The mean hospital stay was 7 days and discharged on a minimum of 4th day and a maximum of 16th day. The mean hospital stay for hypoxic patients was 10 days. Paired sample test analysis has been carried out to find a significant difference in the counts of lymphocytes, ESR, CRP and PTT after the administration of the intervention.
Conclusion: The medications chosen according to the pathology of Kaba suram and administered starting on first day of admission, depending on the stage and severity of the infection. Patients were provided with appropriate food, exercise, therapy in conjunction with medications and found the patient's condition has not deteriorated further. It is reasonable to conclude that the treatment of COVID-19 with selective Siddha medications stopped the disease progress more critical.
Emergency Medical Services Challenges Regarding Resource Capacity and Competency during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Filimban Ghaydaa , Aljasser Khaled , Alsulimani Loui , Altalhi Asma , Alshebili Abdulaziz , Masri Taha , Bojan Hattan , Alhajjaj Fahad , Altuwaijri Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the availability of resources, personal protective equipment PPE) and beliefs amongst Emergency Medical Services (EMS) professionals in Makkah city. Also, we aimed to assess various aspects of how Emergency Medical Services are handling the COVID-19 pandemic via online self-administrated questionnaire.
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on a convenience sample of 276 EMS providers from the city of Makkah in Saudi Arabia during the period from July 2020 to June 2021. SPSS (version 21.0) was used for data entry and data analysis. We approximate a 95% confidence interval (±0.05).
Results: Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) and paramedics are representing most of the participants, 44% and 43%, respectively. EMS doctor, EMS registered nurse and others represent the remaining 13%. When the participants assessed their level of satisfaction on how their institutions have handled the pandemic, 34% expressed that they were satisfied, 14% were very satisfied, while 21% and 13% expressed that they were dissatisfied and very dissatisfied. On the availability of resources, 42% had access to N95 masks whenever they needed access to them while 33% did not have access.
Conclusion: As the study demonstrates a relationship between the capability of emergency medical services personnel to handle a pandemic like COVID-19 and institutional preparedness, there are still significant gaps in EMS personnel's PPE training. EMS agencies should be supported in their efforts to effectively prepare their workers while the pandemic continues in our communities. Therefore, institutions should adopt guidelines that stipulate care for patients with COVID-19, provide training to emergency personnel, and properly distribute resources and PPE.
Health Literacy on COVID-19 among Older Adults in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Patrick John Mordecaih , Adekola Ganiyu 
Published: January 2022

The aged is one of the most vulnerable cohorts of the COVID-19 pandemic; consequently to curb the spread of the virus public health knowledge is central. This study examines the sources of learning about COVID-19 pandemic, level of knowledge/awareness on the pandemic, and to ascertain if there is variation in the level of knowledge among older adults in South-South Nigeria on the basis of income, gender, education and marital status. The study was carried out in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria. Using analytical descriptive survey research design, older adults from 60 years and above were randomly selected. The instrument used was a structure questionnaire and an assessment test on Knowledge of COVID-19. Percentage, Mean, range, Standard deviation and ANOVA were used in analyzing the data collected. The study reveals that radio and television were the major sources of learning about Covid-19 among older adults, that their level of awareness of the symptoms of the disease is poor, moderate in prevention of community spread and basic management of patients with the virus. The study also reveals that there is variation in the level of awareness on the basis of income, while no variation was found in terms of gender, education and marital status. From the findings, it was concluded that radio and television were the dominant source of information on health literacy among the older adults and there is an association between level of level of awareness of COVID-19 and level of income of older adults.
Midas
Authors: Burke Brendan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractKing Midas of Phrygia ruled from Gordion in central Turkey in the late eighth centurybce. Near eastern records provide information on his military and diplomatic activity. Phrygian texts attest to Midas but in some cases the name was likely reused by his successors. Greek and Roman sources created mythical stories about Midas as a wealthy eastern king. The most famous story is Midas’ golden touch which he gained from Dionysos, turned from a gift to a curse, ending with Midas bathing in the Pactolus River, which was rich in gold.