bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dementia diagnosis and utilization patterns in a racially diverse population within an integrated health care delivery system
Authors: Nguyen Huong Q. , Borson Soo , Khang Peter , Langer‐Gould Annette , Wang Susan E. , Carrol Jarrod , Lee Janet S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionIn an effort to identify improvement opportunities for earlier dementia detection and care within a large, integrated health care system serving diverse Medicare Advantage (MA) beneficiaries, we examined where, when, and by whom Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) diagnoses are recorded as well as downstream health care utilization and life care planning.MethodsPatients 65 years and older, continuously enrolled in the Kaiser Foundation health plan for at least 2 years, and with a first ADRD diagnosis between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, comprised the incident cohort. Electronic health record data were used to identify site and source of the initial diagnosis (clinic vs hospital‐based, provider type), health care utilization in the year before and after diagnosis, and end‐of‐life care.ResultsADRD prevalence was 5.5%. A total of 25,278 individuals had an incident ADRD code (rate: 1.2%) over the study period—nearly half during a hospital‐based encounter. Hospital‐diagnosed patients had higher comorbidities, acute care use before and after diagnosis, and 1‐year mortality than clinic‐diagnosed individuals (36% vs 11%). Many decedents (58%‐72%) received palliative care or hospice. Of the 55% diagnosed as outpatients, nearly two‐thirds were diagnosed by dementia specialists; when used, standardized cognitive assessments indicated moderate stage ADRD. Despite increases in advance care planning and visits to dementia specialists in the year after diagnosis, acute care use also increased for both clinic‐ and hospital‐diagnosed cohorts.DiscussionSimilar to other MA plans, ADRD is under‐diagnosed in this health system, compared to traditional Medicare, and diagnosed well beyond the early stages, when opportunities to improve overall outcomes are presumed to be better. Dementia specialists function primarily as consultants whose care does not appear to mitigate acute care use. Strategic targets for ADRD care improvement could focus on generating pragmatic evidence on the value of proactive detection and tracking, care planning, and the role of specialists in chronic care management.
Early Alzheimer's disease‐like reductions in gray matter and cognitive function with aging in nonhuman primates
Authors: Frye Brett M. , Craft Suzanne , Register Thomas C. , Kim Jeongchul , Whitlow Christopher T. , Barcus Richard A. , Lockhart Samuel N. , Sai Kiran Kumar Solingapuram , Shively Carol A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionAge‐related neuropathology associated with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) often develops well before the onset of symptoms. Given AD's long preclinical period, translational models are needed to identify early signatures of pathological decline.MethodsUsing structural magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive assessments, we examined the relationships among age, cognitive performance, and neuroanatomy in 48 vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) ranging from young adults to very old.ResultsWe found negative associations of age with cortical gray matter volume (P = .003) and the temporal‐parietal cortical thickness meta‐region of interest (P = .001). Additionally, cortical gray matter volumes predicted working memory at approximately 1‐year follow‐up (correct trials at the 20s delay [P = .008]; correct responses after longer delays [P = .004]).DiscussionCortical gray matter diminishes with age in vervets in regions relevant to AD, which may increase risk of cognitive impairment. This study lays the groundwork for future investigations to test therapeutics to delay or slow pathological decline.
Piloting an approach to scab control on Welsh sheep farms
Authors: Paton Neil , Burgess Stewart , Bartley Kathryn , Griffiths John , Jones Edgar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionSheep scab caused by Psoroptes ovis, is a disease of concern to many stakeholders in Wales due to its welfare implications. There are good diagnostic tests and treatments available to deal with the disease. Even so, it remains a problem in Welsh flocks. As such a coordinated approach is required to deal with this issue in a more sustainable manner.Pilot designSheep scab positive ‘index’ farms were initially diagnosed using a skin scrape to identify P. ovis mites. Contiguous farms were identified and antibody responses used to confirm onward infestation. All infested farms were treated by either dipping with an organophosphate (OP) dip or injecting with a licensed macrocyclic lactone (ML) product depending on farmer choice.ResultsThree positive ‘index’ farms were identified along with 12 contiguous properties. Positive serological responses were observed in seven of the 12 contiguous farms; four of which were treated by OP dip and three by an injectable ML product.DiscussionTo avoid reinfestation of treated farms, dealing with disease on contiguous properties is crucial. Through the project coordinating team, three local outbreaks of scab were dealt with in a short space of time with appropriate diagnosis and treatment being carried out. Some farmers were uncooperative and strategies such as providing additional external support and veterinary involvement might alleviate these issues in the future. This coordinated approach is recommended to veterinary surgeons in the field when dealing with scab on farm.
Hematopoietic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Elahi Shokrollah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnder physiological conditions, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow niches are responsible for the highly regulated and interconnected hematopoiesis process. At the same time, they must recognize potential threats and respond promptly to protect the host. A wide spectrum of microbial agents/products and the consequences of infection-induced mediators (e.g. cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors) can have prominent impact on HSPCs. While COVID-19 starts as a respiratory tract infection, it is considered a systemic disease which profoundly alters the hematopoietic system. Lymphopenia, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, and stress erythropoiesis are the hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, thrombocytopenia and blood hypercoagulability are common among COVID‐19 patients with severe disease. Notably, the invasion of erythroid precursors and progenitors by SARS-CoV-2 is a cardinal feature of COVID-19 disease which may in part explain the mechanism underlying hypoxia. These pieces of evidence support the notion of skewed steady-state hematopoiesis to stress hematopoiesis following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The functional consequences of these alterations depend on the magnitude of the effect, which launches a unique hematopoietic response that is associated with increased myeloid at the expense of decreased lymphoid cells. This article reviews some of the key pathways including the infectious and inflammatory processes that control hematopoiesis, followed by a comprehensive review that summarizes the latest evidence and discusses how SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts hematopoiesis.
The grade of instability in fragility fractures of the pelvis correlates with impaired early mobilization
Authors: Faust Leon Marcel , Keppler Alexander Martin , Suero Eduardo , Gleich Johannes , Lisitano Leonard , Böcker Wolfgang , Neuerburg Carl , Pfeufer Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate whether gait patterns of patients with fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) comply with the grade of fracture instability, defined by radiological patterns.

Patients and methods
This prospective, single-center, observational study included 39 patients with an FFP. Gait analysis was performed with a wearable insole force sensor (Loadsol® by Novel, Munich, Germany) 4–7 days after admission. Patients were divided in two groups: Group A included FFP type 1 fractures, which affect the anterior pelvic ring only, Group B contained FFP type 2–4 fractures with an involvement of the posterior pelvic ring. Primary outcome parameter was the FTI ratio (force–time integral (N*s)).

Results
The mean age was 85.08 years (SD ± 6.45), 94.9% (37/39) of the patients were female. The most common fracture type was an FFP 2b (64.1%, 25/39). Group A showed a significantly higher FTI ratio (45.12%, SD ± 4.19%) than Group B (38.45%, SD ± 5.97%, p = 0.002). Further, a significant correlation of the FTI ratio and the average (r = 0.570, p < 0.001) and maximum (r = 0.394, p = 0.013) peak force was observed.

Conclusion
The gait pattern of patients with an FFP type 2–4 was more imbalanced than of patients with an FFP type 1 fracture. These findings match with the radiological classification of FFP, which indicates higher instability, when the posterior pelvis is affected. Gait analysis might offer earlier functional diagnostics and may accelerate the treatment decision with shorter periods of immobility in future. Especially in cross-border cases, early gait analysis could be beneficial to clarify the indication for or against surgery.
Systemic quinolones and risk of retinal detachment III: a nested case–control study using a US electronic health records database
Authors: Taher Mohamed Kadry , Crispo James A. G. , Fortin Yannick , Moog Ryan , McNair Douglas , Bjerre Lise M. , Momoli Franco , Mattison Donald , Krewski Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Quinolones are popular antibiotics that are known for their potency, broad coverage, and reasonable safety. Concerns have been raised about a possible association between quinolones and retinal detachment (RD).

Methods
We conducted a nested case–control study using electronic health records (EHR) from the Health Facts® Database. The initial cohort included all patients who were admitted between 2000 and 2016, with no history of eye disease, and had a minimum medical history of one year. Eligible cases comprised inpatients who were first admitted with a primary diagnosis of RD between 2010 and 2015. Each eligible case was matched without replacement to five unique controls by sex, race, age, and period-at-risk. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate RD risk, adjusting for exposure to other medications, and major risk factors.

Results
We identified 772 cases and 3860 controls. Whereas our primary analysis of all subjects revealed no quinolone-associated RD risk, elevated but non-significant risks were noted in African Americans (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin), those aged 56–70 years old (moxifloxacin), and women (ciprofloxacin).

Conclusion
Our study did not identify an elevated RD risk within 30 days following systemic administration of quinolone antibiotics. Suggestions of increased risk observed in some population subgroups warrant further investigation.
Schizotypal traits across the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–frontotemporal dementia spectrum: pathomechanistic insights
Authors: Tse Nga Yan , Tu Sicong , Chen Yu , Caga Jashelle , Dobson-Stone Carol , Kwok John B. , Halliday Glenda M. , Ahmed Rebekah M. , Hodges John R. , Piguet Olivier , Kiernan Matthew C. , Devenney Emma M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Psychiatric presentations similar to that observed in primary psychiatric disorders are well described across the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–frontotemporal dementia (ALS–FTD) spectrum. Despite this, schizotypal personality traits associated with increased risks of clinical psychosis development and poor psychosocial outcomes have never been examined. The current study aimed to provide the first exploration of schizotypal traits and its neural underpinnings in the ALS–FTD spectrum to gain insights into a broader spectrum of psychiatric overlap with psychiatric disorders.

Methods
Schizotypal traits were assessed using the targeted Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire in 99 participants (35 behavioural variant FTD, 10 ALS–FTD and 37 ALS patients, and 17 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls). Voxel-based morphometry analysis of whole-brain grey matter volume was conducted.

Results
Relative to controls, pervasive schizotypal personality traits across positive and negative schizotypy and disorganised thought disorders were identified in behavioural variant FTD, ALS (with the exception of negative schizotypy) and ALS–FTDALS–FTD patients (all p < .013), suggesting the presence of a wide spectrum of subclinical schizotypal symptoms beyond classic psychotic symptoms. Atrophy in frontal, anterior cingulate and insular cortices, and caudate and thalamus was involved in positive schizotypy, while integrity of the cerebellum was associated with disorganised thought disorder traits.

Conclusions
The frontal–striatal–limbic regions underpinning manifestation of schizotypy in the ALS–FTDALS–FTD spectrum are similar to that established in previous schizophrenia research. This finding expands the concept of a psychiatric overlap in ALS–FTD and schizophrenia, and suggests potentially common underlying mechanisms involving disruptions to frontal-striatal-limbic networks, warranting a transdiagnostic approach for future investigations.
A compound score to screen patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Tozza Stefano , Severi Daniele , Spina Emanuele , Di Paolantonio Andrea , Iovino Aniello , Guglielmino Valeria , Aruta Francesco , Nolano Maria , Sabatelli Mario , Santoro Lucio , Luigetti Marco , Manganelli Fiore 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a rare, debilitating and fatal disease, mostly characterized by progressive axonal peripheral neuropathy. Diagnosis is still challenging and diagnostic delay in non-endemic area is about 3–4 years. The aim of this study was to arrange a clinical and electrophysiological score to select patients with axonal neuropathy that deserve screening for TTR mutation.

Methods
Thirty-five ATTRv patients and 55 patients with chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and electrophysiological findings at first evaluation were collected. Based on significant results between the two groups, a compound (clinical and electrophysiological) score was arranged, and ROC analysis was performed to identify the ideal cut-off able to discriminate between the two groups.

Results
ATTRv patients presented a later age at onset, more frequent muscle weakness and carpal tunnel syndrome history. On the other hand, electrophysiological analysis showed that ATTRv patients had lower CMAP and SAP amplitude in all examined nerves. We arranged a compound score constituted by 7 total items, ranging from 0 to 12. ROC analysis showed an Area Under the Curve = 0.8655 and we set the cut-off ≥ 5 points to discriminate ATTRv patients with a sensitivity of 96.6% and a specificity of 63.6%.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that our compound score with cut-off ≥ 5 allows to discriminate ATTRv patients among subject affected by axonal polyneuropathy with a sensitivity > 95%. Thus, our compound score is a quick, easy and effective screening tool.
Macrostructural brain alterations at midlife are connected to cardiovascular and not inherited risk of future dementia: the PREVENT-Dementia study
Authors: Dounavi Maria-Eleni , Newton Coco , Jenkins Natalie , Mak Elijah , Low Audrey , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Williams Guy B. , Lawlor Brian , Naci Lorina , Malhotra Paresh , Mackay Clare E. , Koychev Ivan , Ritchie Karen , Ritchie Craig W. , Su Li , O’Brien John T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundMacrostructural brain alterations in the form of brain atrophy or cortical thinning typically occur during the prodromal Alzheimer’s disease stage. Mixed findings largely dependent on the age of the examined cohorts have been reported during the preclinical, asymptomatic disease stage. In the present study, our aim was to examine the association of midlife dementia risk with brain macrostructural alterations.MethodsStructural 3T MRI scans were acquired for 647 cognitively normal middle-aged (40–59 years old) participants in the PREVENT-Dementia study. Cortical thickness, volumes of subcortical structures, the hippocampus and hippocampal subfields were quantified using Freesurfer version 7.1. The clarity of the hippocampal molecular layer was evaluated based on T2-weighted hippocampal scans. Associations of structural measures with apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE4) genotype and dementia family history (FHD), were investigated using linear regression. Correlations between the CAIDE dementia risk score (incorporating information about blood pressure, cholesterol, physical activity, body mass index, education, age and sex) and structural measures were further investigated.ResultsA higher CAIDE score was associated with thinner cortex and a larger hippocampal fissure. APOE4 genotype was associated with reduced molecular layer clarity.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a higher CAIDE score is associated with widespread cortical thinning. Conversely, APOE4 carriers and participants with FHD do not demonstrate prominent macrostructural alterations at this age range. These findings indicate that cardiovascular and not inherited risk factors for dementia are associated with macrostructural brain alterations at midlife.
HOchwasserRisikozonierung Austria 3.0 (HORA 3.0)
Authors: Blöschl Günter , Waser Jürgen , Buttinger-Kreuzhuber Andreas , Cornel Daniel , Eisl Julia , Hofer Michael , Hollaus Markus , Horváth Zsolt , Komma Jürgen , Konev Artem , Parajka Juraj , Pfeifer Norbert , Reithofer Andreas , Salinas José , Valent Peter , Viglione Alberto , Wimmer Michael H. , Stiefelmeyer Heinz 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Konzeption und die methodischen Schritte des Projekts HORA 3.0, in dem Hochwasserrisikoflächen für ganz Österreich berechnet wurden. Die Analyseschritte umfassen: Qualitätskontrolle und Korrektur des Gewässernetzes und der Einzugsgebietsgrenzen; Berechnung der Abflussscheitel und Frachten gegebener Jährlichkeit; Erstellung eines digitalen Höhenmodells, das mit allen relevanten Hochwasserinformationen, einschließlich der Flussbettgeometrie, übereinstimmt; instationäre, zweidimensionale Simulation der Überflutungsflächen mit konsistenter Jährlichkeit. In jedem Schritt werden automatische und manuelle Verfahren kombiniert, um die lokalen hydrologischen und hydraulischen Bedingungen in einem bundesweiten Projekt möglichst zutreffend abzubilden. Die Hochwasserrisikoflächen mit einer Auflösung von 2 m für eine Gesamtflusslänge von 32.000 km sind bereits auf der HORA-Plattform (www.hora.gv.at) veröffentlicht. Das entwickelte Instrumentarium kann für weiterführende Projekte verwendet werden, wie z. B. für Visualisierungen, Schadensauswertungen und in Zukunft für die Berechnung pluvialer Hochwassergefahren.
Multicenter, prospective, observational study of chemotherapy-induced dysgeusia in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Ito Ken , Yuki Satoshi , Nakatsumi Hiroshi , Kawamoto Yasuyuki , Harada Kazuaki , Nakano Shintaro , Saito Rika , Ando Takayuki , Sawada Kentaro , Yagisawa Masataka , Ishiguro Atsushi , Dazai Masayoshi , Iwanaga Ichiro , Hatanaka Kazuteru , Sato Atsushi , Matsumoto Ryusuke , Shindo Yoshiaki , Tateyama Miki , Muranaka Tetsuhito , Katagiri Masaki , Yokota Isao , Sakata Yuh , Sakamoto Naoya , Komatsu Yoshito 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Dysgeusia is an adverse event caused by chemotherapy. Although retrospective studies have shown zinc administration improves dysgeusia, there have been no prospective studies. The present study examined effects of zinc therapy on dysgeusia in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods
This multicenter, prospective, observational study enrolled patients with dysgeusia during chemotherapy treatment. Patients received no intervention (control), polaprezinc p.o., or zinc acetate hydrate p.o., and serum zinc levels were measured at 0 (baseline), 6, and 12 weeks. Dysgeusia was assessed using CTCAE v5.0 and subjective total taste acuity (STTA) criteria using questionnaires at baseline and 12 weeks.

Results
From February 2020 to June 2021, 180 patients were enrolled from 17 institutes. There were no differences in mean baseline serum zinc levels among the groups (67.3, 66.6, and 67.5 μg/dL in the no intervention, polaprezinc, and zinc acetate hydrate groups, respectively. P = 0.846). The changes in mean serum zinc levels after 12 weeks were − 3.8, + 14.3, and + 46.6 μg/dL, and the efficacy rates of dysgeusia were 33.3%, 36.8%, and 34.6% using CTCAE and 33.3%, 52.6%, 32.7% using STTA in the no intervention, polaprezinc, and zinc acetate hydrate groups, respectively. The STTA scores improved in all groups, with significant improvement observed in the polaprezinc group compared with the no intervention group (P = 0.045).

Conclusion
There was no significant correlation between the degree of serum zinc elevation and improvement in dysgeusia, suggesting that polaprezinc, but not zinc acetate hydrate, was effective in improving chemotherapy-induced dysgeusia.
Trial registration.
UMIN000039653. Date of registration: March 2, 2020.
All-dummy k-anonymous privacy protection algorithm based on location offset
Authors: Liu Jianghui , Wang Shengxiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile k-anonymous algorithms can effectively protect users’ private location information, the problem of selecting an appropriate location in the anonymous area to construct the k-anonymous area remains a significant one. When selecting real users from the surrounding area to co-construct anonymous regions, it is easy to cause the leakage of user location information. Moreover, using false addresses to construct a region requires calculating the probability of location queries, which increases the computational complexity. In this paper, an all-dummy k-anonymous algorithm based on location offset is proposed to construct anonymous regions. This algorithm randomly selects k−1 locations and real users in the selected anonymous compose an anonymous group at first. Subsequently, these coordinates are centered on migration, generating multiple dummy addresses of each location migration, such that the dummy address distance is greater than the radius of the user's query, with the dummy address location information used for the location server queries. Through experimental verification, compared with the circle-based dummy address generation algorithm and the random k-anonymous algorithm, the all-dummy k-anonymous algorithm is found to achieve an entropy value and tracking success rate closer to the optimal k-anonymous algorithm without increasing the communication cost.
Ontological databases with faceted queries
Authors: Pankowski Tadeusz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe success of the use of ontology-based systems depends on efficient and user-friendly methods of formulating queries against the ontology. We propose a method to query a class of ontologies, called facet ontologies (fac-ontologies), using a faceted human-oriented approach. A fac-ontology has two important features: (a) a hierarchical view of it can be defined as a nested facet over this ontology and the view can be used as a faceted interface to create queries and to explore the ontology; (b) the ontology can be converted into an ontological database, the ABox of which is stored in a database, and the faceted queries are evaluated against this database. We show that the proposed faceted interface makes it possible to formulate queries that are semantically equivalent to $${\mathcal {SROIQ}}^{Fac}$$

SROIQ

Fac

, a limited version of the $${\mathcal {SROIQ}}$$
SROIQ
description logic. The TBox of a fac-ontology is divided into a set of rules defining intensional predicates and a set of constraint rules to be satisfied by the database. We identify a class of so-called reflexive weak cycles in a set of constraint rules and propose a method to deal with them in the chase procedure. The considerations are illustrated with solutions implemented in the DAFO system (data access based on faceted queries over ontologies).