bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iraq's Economic Situation Between 1988-1991 in Southern Kurdistan
Authors: Mstafa Aras Abdulrahman 
Published: March 2022

The economic situation in Iraq between 1988 and 1991 affected the March 1991 uprising in southern Kurdistan، including research that included several important aspects، discussing the economic impact of both the First and Second Gulf Wars، which has caused a major disaster for Iraq's economic infrastructure and the disintegration of Iraq's financial، administrative، military and service institutions، Including the economic crisis، the spread of hunger، poverty، disease، corruption، bribery
and many bad subjects that the Iraqi state has suffered from major disasters، all of which have led to the importance of the uprising، this study consists of three parts. In the first part، the impact of the Iraq-Iran war on Iraq's economy is discussed، and in the second part، the war on the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq and its consequences is explained. The third part is the effect of decision 661 that the security council imposed on Iraq as an economic blockade that completely destroyed the economic and social life of The people of Iraq and Kurdistan.
COLIVINGS ARE NEW TYPE OF HOSTEL IN THE STRUCTURE OF A MODERN CAMPUS
Authors: Balakina Alevtina , Pavlyuk Alena 
Published: March 2022

The education system is constantly being improved. New criteria and factors are emerging that require changes in the status quo. The Priority 2030 program formulated by the Government set the task for Russian universities to improve the quality and demand for educational, scientific, technical, and social services. One of the directions for the implementation of this task is to attract leading scientists and young researchers, which makes it necessary to address the issue of accommodation. Rental housing is quite expensive and not always located near the university, so it is most effective to organize accommodation in the co-living of the university campus.
The purpose of this article is to develop a typology and layout of coliving zones - residential cells.
Traumatic brain injury patient characteristics and outcomes in Lebanon: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ghandour Hiba Z. , Abou-Abbass Hussein , Al-Hajj Samar , El Sayed Mazen , Harati Hayat , Kabbani Samer , Tabbara Mazen , Kobeissy Firas , Tamim Hani , Research Group TBI 
Published: March 2022

Background This study aims to assess the prevalence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and understand the underlying risk factors for their occurrence in Lebanon through examining TBI patient demographics, TBI types, mechanisms and clinical outcomes. It further discusses the treatment and management of the TBI burden in Lebanon, in the economic and political context. Methods We conducted a multicenter, retrospective chart review of TBI patients of all ages who presented with TBI-related complaints to the emergency departments (EDs) at six medical centres in Lebanon from January 2012 to December 2014. Patients’ charts were screened, and data were abstracted into a collection sheet, including patient’s demographics, injury-related information, ED clinical management, and hospital course and discharge information. Results 1042 charts were reviewed; 67.2% of cases were men. The leading causes of TBI were falls (44.3%), followed by road traffic injuries (37.8%), violence (10%), and bombs and cluster munition injuries (4%). Most TBI patients had a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) ranging from 13 to 15 (84.1%). TBI management at ED consisted of neurosurgical consultation and procedures to decrease intracranial pressure. Short-term adverse outcomes included CSF leak in 15 patients (6.1%), papilloedema in 3 (1.3%), and haemotympanum in 13 (5.4%). Conclusions Evidence generated from this study serves as a leading point to bridge research and enhance the policy-making process, despite the prevailing economic and political restrictions. It further advocates setting guidelines to improve TBI prevention, diagnosis, management, and rehabilitative treatment in Lebanon and the entire Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
Meningkatkan Kesiapan Belajar Siswa Melalui Pendekatan Behavioral
Authors: , Fauziah , , Prayitno , Karneli Yeni 
Published: March 2022

<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><em>: </em><em>Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi dan upaya meningkatkan kesiapan belajar siswa melalui pendekatan Behavioral. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian berbasis literatur atau studi pustaka. Hasil pembahasan adalah meningkatkan kesiapan belajar siswa dapat dilakukan melalui pendekatan behavioral, pendekatan ini bertujuan bahwa aksi, pendidikan, dan pembelajaran dipandang sebagai inti dari terapi. Siswa mempelajari perilaku baru (adaptif) untuk menggantikan perilaku lama (maladaptif) sehingga siswa mendapatkan cara bertindak yang sehat dan konsruktif. Teknik yang digunakan adalah pengkondisian operan. Prinsip utama pengkondisian operan adalah penguatan positif, penguatan negatif, kepunahan, hukuman positif dan hukuman negatif. Hasil dari konseling adalah untuk meningkatkan perilaku target, yaitu siswa siap menerima pelajaran baru dalam proses pembelajaran.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keyword</em></strong><em>: Belajar, Kesiapan belajar, Pendekatan Behavioral.</em><strong><em></em></strong></p>
Analisis Peran Pemerintah Daerah Menyangkut Penyelenggaraan Pembelajaran Tatap Muka
Authors: Umara Yudi , Hasanah Mar'atun 
Published: March 2022

<p><strong><em>Abstract :</em></strong><em> </em>Adanya pandemi Covid-19 yang menyerang hampir seluruh negara didunia menimbulkan dampak yang cukup signifikan pada beberapa sektor terutama dunia pendidikan. Pada artikel ini mendeskripsikan peran pemerintah daerah menyangkut penyelenggaraan pembelajaran tatap muka. Adanya kebijakan pemerintah untuk menyelenggarakan pembelajaran pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Melalui keputusan bersama Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Menteri Agama, Menteri Kesehatan, dan Menteri Dalam Negeri tentang penyelenggaraan pembelajaran pada tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 dan tahun akademik 2020/2021 di masa pandemi <em>coronavirus disease</em> 2019 (Covid-19). melalui SKB tersebut pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan yakni pembelajaran tatap muka pada semester genap, dan pemberian izin pelaksanaan pembelajaran tatap muka di satuan pendidikan dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah masing-masing.</p><p class="IEEEAbtract"><em> </em></p><p class="IEEEAbtract"><em>Kata Kunci:</em><em> Peran Pemerintah, Protokol Covid-19, Pembelajaran Tatap Muka</em></p>
Analisis Perbedaan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Sebelum Menggunakan Modul Dengan yang Sesudah Menggunakan Modul Pokok Bahasan Integral Pada Siswa Kelas XII SMA Swasta Teladan Binjai Tahun Pembelajaran 2007/2008
Authors: S Ronald Mahmud 
Published: March 2022

<p class="Abstract"><em>Abstract: </em><em>Analisis perbedaan hasil belajar siswa sebelum menggunakan modul dengan yang sesudah menggunakan modul pokok bahasan integral pada siswa kelas II SMA Teladan Binjai tahun pembelajaran 2007/2008. Skripsi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara</em><em>.</em><em> Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa sebelum menggunakan modul dengan yang sesudah menggunakan modul pokok bahasan integral pada siswa kelas II SMA Teladan Binjai Tahun Pembelajaran 2007/2008. Untuk memperoleh data yang diperlukan pada penelitian ini digunakan test objektif yaitu untuk melihat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa sebelum menggunakan modul dengan yang sesudah menggunakan modul. Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh skor rata-rata data siswa sebelum menggunakan modul yaitu 7,05 dengan simpangan bakunya 1,43. Rata-rata data siswa sesudah menggunakan modul 7.983 dengan simpangan bakunya 1,25. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pengajaran dengan menggunakan modul pada penguasaan materi pokok bahasan integral kelas II SMA Teladan Binjai Tahun Pembelajaran 2007/2008. Dengan demikian, terdapat perbedaan rata-rata dengan persentase sebelum menggunakan modul 76,6 % dan yang sesudah menggunakan modul 93,3 % dengan kenaikan 16,7 %. Jadi, rata-rata data siswa menggunakan modul lebih tinggi 16,7 % dari pada rata-rata data siswa sebelum menggunakan modul</em><em>.</em><em></em></p><p class="IEEEAbtract">Keywords: <em>Hasill belajar Ma</em><em>tematika sebelum dan sesudah mengunakan modul</em></p>
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis E-book di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Manurung Purbatua 
Published: March 2022

<p><strong><em>Abstrak: </em></strong><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengembangan media pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran Agama Islam bagi siswa di masa pandemic Covid-19. Jenis penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development). Langkahlangkah penelitian dan pengembangan berpedoman pada model ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Tahap development melibatkan enam validator dan empat praktisi untuk menilai kelayakan materi dan media. Tahap implementation melibatkan 80 peserta didik (30 peserta didik di SMP Negeri 1 Sunggal. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket atau kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh dioleh dengan analisi data deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil validasi dari ahli materi dan ahli media yang dilakukan dalam 2 tahap diperoleh kriteria sangat layak dengan persentase 85,56% dan ahli media sebesar 85,56%. Perolehan hasil praktisi materi sebesar 90,00% dan praktisi media 86,67%. Untuk respon peserta didik terhadap media pembelajaran memperoleh hasil skor yaitu sebesar 85,00%.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci: </em></strong><em>media pembelajaran, e-book, Covid-19</em></p>
STRATEGI PEMIMPIN DALAM DIGITAL LEADERSHIP DI ERA DISRUPSI DIGITAL
Authors: Andini Rini Dewi 
Published: March 2022

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong><strong>: </strong>Disrupsi membawa perubahan yang fundamental hampir di semua aspek dalam kehidupan, perubahan muncul dengan kecepatan yang signifikan, pergeseran dilakukan oleh institusi kecil yang lebih gesit dan terdistribusi. Konsep baru tentang kepemimpinan masa depan untuk menghadapi disrupsi dan keadaan yang serba tidak menentu menjadi trend topik dalam pengembangan <em>human capital</em>. Konsep kepemimpinan yang baru digunakan untuk memprediksi respon terbaik yang bisa dilakukan oleh para pemimpin dalam menghadapi keadaan yang tidak pasti dan kompleks. Aplikasi teknologi komunikasi dan informasi telah memungkinkan terciptanya lingkungan belajar global yang berhubungan dengan jaringan yang menempatkan siswa di tengah-tengah proses pembelajaran, dikelilingi oleh berbagai sumber belajar dan layanan belajar elektronik. Untuk itu, sistem pendidikan konvensional seharusnya menunjukkan sikap yang bersahabat dengan alternatif cara belajar yang baru yang sarat dengan teknologi. Di era digital seperti sekarang teknologi komunikasi dan informasi terus mengalami perkembangan, untuk itu perkembangan teknologi juga harus dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan pendidikan.<strong></strong></p><p> </p><p>Kata Kunci: strategi pemimpin, digital leadership, disrupsi</p>
HUBUNGAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL TERHADAP PENYESUAIAN DIRI PADA SISWA KELAS XI DI MAN KOTA BINJAI
Authors: Zairina Nun 
Published: March 2022

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>: Adjustment is a process of dynamics that occurs continuously that aims to change an attitude that is useful to get a more harmonious relationship between himself and his environment. The purpose of this study is to explore in depth data about the Relationship of Emotional Intelligence to Self-Adjustment in Students seeks to describe the findings of research and determine the facts with observation instruments, questionnaires, interviews and documentation. As for the informants in this study were the Principal, Deputy Principal, Bk Teachers and students of MAN Kota Binjai. The conclusion from this study can be explained that the Relationship of Emotional Intelligence to Self-Adjustment in Class XI Students in MAN Kota Binjai showed 20% emotional intelligence variable had low emotional intelligence, 60% had moderate emotional intelligence and the remaining 20% had high emotional intelligence. Whereas the 13% adjustment variable had a high adjustment, 57% had a moderate adjustment and 30% had a low adjustment. From the results of the analysis it can be said that the positive correlation between emotional intelligence and self-adjustment in class XI students at MAN Kota Binjai is equal to 0.855. It can be seen that P = 0.855&gt; 0.05. Then there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and self-adjustment in class XI students at MAN Kota Binjai, with the nature of a positive relationship where the higher the level of emotional intelligence, the higher the level of adjustment itself.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Self-Adjustment.</p>
Problematika Guru dalam Penyusunan Perangkat Pembelajaran Daring Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19 di SMP Binajaya, Bantul
Authors: Akmalia Rizki , Kurnia Heri 
Published: March 2022

<p><em>The purpose of this research is to improve the teacher's understanding of learning devices, in this study describes the problem of teachers in compiling learning devices, obstacles. faced by teachers as well as the efforts made by teachers in overcoming these obstacles. The method used in this study is a method of kualiatative descriptive using three instruments, namely: Observation, interview and documentation used to data collection. The results of the study can be concluded: first, educators at Binajaya Junior High School can understand the purpose, purpose,and function of learning devices that include syllabus, RPP, teaching materials, media learning and assessment. Second, the problems faced by educators in Binajaya Junior High School in compiling learning devices are, (1) there are still teachers who do not compile RPP, (2) Teachers difficulty in determining the allocation of time, learning methods and indicators of competency achievement, (3) Teachers still find it difficult to make problem instruments for assessment, (4) And teachers still rarely make learning media only use existing ones. Third, the obstacles faced by teachers include: (1) time constraints, and busy teachers, (2) diverse student conditions, (3) teaching experiences that are less. The efforts made by The Master inthe nature of the preparation of learning devices are: (1) seeking information from the internet, (2) conducting discussions with fellow Teachers, (3) Teachers hcurrent always learn, (4) School hcurrent is able to always facilitate or equip the Teachers with trainings.</em></p>
Pola Asuh Orang Tua Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Anak Pada Pembelajaran Online Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Kecamatan Merbau Kabupaten Labura
Authors: Tanjung Zulkifli 
Published: March 2022

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1). Cara orang tua meningkatkan minat belajar anak pada pembelajaran <em>online</em> masa pandemi Covid-19 di Kecamatan Merbau Kabupaten Labura. 2). Apa media yang digunakan anak dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran <em>online</em> pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di Kecamatan Merbau Kabupaten Labura. 3). Cara orang tua menyusun keberhasilan dalam meningkatkan minat belajar anak pada pembelajaran <em>online </em>masa pandemi Covid-19 di Kecamatan Merbau Kabupaten Labura. 4). Faktor yang mempengaruhi minat belajar anak dalam pembelajaran <em>online </em>pada masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Kecamatan Merbau Kabupaten Labura. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini yaitu masyarakat Kecamatan Merbau Kabupaten Labura khususnya pada 6 orang tua dan 6 anak. Instrumen penelitian diantaranya yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil yang di dapat peneliti mengenai cara orang tua meningkatkan minat belajar anak yaitu dengan menjadi pengganti guru dirumah, membimbing, mengarahkan dan memantau anak, terdapat juga orang tua yang membentuk kelompok belajar kecil agar suasana belajar seperti berada di sekolah. Media yang digunakan berupa media pembelajaran <em>online </em>seperti <em>Whatsapp, Zoom, Google Classroom,</em>dan <em>E-Learning</em>. Para orang tua menyusun keberhasilan dalam meningkatkan minat belajar anak dengan menanamkan sikap cinta belajar pada anak, membagi waktu belajar, memberikan nasihat, motivasi dan memberikan perhatian penuh. Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi minat belajar anak yaitu faktor pendukung dan faktor penghambat belajar anak</p>
The Concept Of التوبة In Al-Qur’an And Its Application
Authors: Ramadhan Achmad 
Published: March 2022

<p>This paper is aimed to describe the most important concept dealing with the characteristics of human beings and the possibility to diminish the bad elements of characteristics , namely التوبة , and its application.</p><p>An order to turn to Allah the Almighty in repentance is narrated many times in the Qur’anic verses, some takes the direct form, the command verbs, like توبوا and تب and some takes the different verb from التوبة , ااستغفرو, the other takes the narration form, like ان الله ىحب التوابىن و ىحب المتطهرىن .</p><p>Some Qur’anic verses elaborate the accepted التوبة and the other elaborates the rejected التوبة by Allah .</p><p>The writer is interested to write and analyze the Qur’anic verses dealing with التوبة because he wants to have full understanding dealing with التوبة in the al-Qur’an. The result of the writing is that the التوبة activities should consist of 4 principles, namely الندم على المعصىة ( Regret for doing crime ); و الاءقلاع عنها (To be away from doing crime or evil); الاءستغفار (Asking for forgiveness) and العزم على عدم العودة الىها (A wish not do the same crime or evil in the other moment). By having these 4 (four) conditions of التوبة , Allah the Almighty may accept the التوبة . Conversely, without having them, the التوبة will be rejected</p>
Social Media Optimization Strategy for Local Fashion Brand Development
Authors: Widiastuti Tuti , Arditiar Adrian , Rambe Akbar Fauzan , Rasjiddin Eartha Annafi 
Published: March 2022

The development of communication, technology, and the economy in Indonesia encourages the development of promotional activities itself, the birth of various platforms to carry out promotional activities makes competition in business more stringent. Manufacturers are trying to attract the hearts of consumers. Based on this phenomenon, marketing media is needed to be able to reach a wider target market. One of the marketing media that is currently being used is through social media. The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of Instagram ads and celebrity endorsements have on buying interest in local brands. The research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to respondents.Keywords: Social media optimization, instagram ads, celebrity endorsements, buying interest, local fashion brands ABSTRAKPerkembangan komunikasi, teknologi, dan ekonomi di Indonesia mendorong perkembangan kegiatan promosi itu sendiri, lahirnya berbagai platform untuk menjalankan kegiatan promosi membuat persaingan dalam berbisnis menjadi lebih ketat. Para produsen berusaha untuk menarik hati konsumennya. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut, diperlukan media untuk menjangkau target pasar yang lebih luas. Salah satu media pemasaran yang saat ini digunakan adalah melalui media sosial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur pengaruh instagram ads dan endorsement selebgram. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada responden.Kata Kunci: Optimasi media sosial, instagram ads, endorsment selebgram, minat beli, brand fashion lokal.
Participatory Communication and Affecting Factors on Empowering Women Farmers in The Urban Farming Program at Bogor City and Bogor Regency
Authors: Oktarina Selly , Sumardjo Sumardjo , Purnaningsih Ninuk , Hapsari Dwi Retno 
Published: March 2022

Urban farming is essential as an effort to overcome land limitations and weak productivity in the food supply. Urban farming from a communication perspective is an empowerment effort that directly involves the community in its implementation. This study aims to analyze the participatory communication of women farmers and analyze factors that affect the application. This study was conducted in Bogor City and Bogor Regency. This study is explanatory survey research with a quantitative approach and supported by qualitative data. The data obtained is by cluster sampling with urban, semi-urban, and rural clusters on 231 respondents. Data were analyzed using the score, Difference Test, and Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results show that the participatory communication level in the urban farming program is medium, referring to the dialogue atmosphere, dialogue participation, and convergence level. The factors that significantly influence participatory communication are characteristics, champion competence, the exposure of media communication, and institutional support.Keywords: Communication, dialogue, participation, urban farming ABSTRAKUrban farming penting sebagai upaya mengatasi keterbatasan lahan dan lemahnya produktivitas dalam penyediaan pangan. Urban farming dari perspektif Komunikasi merupakan upaya pemberdayaan yang melibatkan secara langsung masyarakat dalam pelaksanaannya. Fokus penelitian ini adalah menganalisis komunikasi partisipatif wanita tani dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap komunikasi partisipatif dalam pelaksanaan program urban farming. Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Bogor dan Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini bersifat survey explanatory research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan didukung data kualitatif. Pengambilan sampel secara cluster sampling dengan klaster kelurahan yang dikelompokkan berdasarkan urban, semi urban dan rural terhadap 231 orang wanita tani. Analisa data dilakukan dengan metode skor, uji beda serta analisis structural model (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi partisipatif wanita tani dalam program urban farming berada pada kriteria sedang yang dilihat dari suasana dialog, partisipasi dialog dan tingkat konvergensi. Faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap komunikasi partisipatif adalah pendidikan formal, luas lahan, kompetensi pemberdaya, terpaan media komunikasi, dan dukungan lembaga.Kata Kunci: Dialog, komunikasi, partisipasi, urban farming
Feasibility Study of Fuel Oil and Coal Replacement with Natural Gas in Thailand Context
Authors: Nakapreecha Nitida , Vivanpatarakij Supawat , Audomvongseree Kulyos 
Published: March 2022

Natural gas is a viable option to oil-based fuels and coal as it has advantage on reliability, domestic availability and more environmental friendliness. This paper assesses the feasibility of replacing fuel oil and coal with natural gas in Thailand's industrial sector. The study covers the identification of regulatory limitation, the projection of fuel demand and prices, and the assessment of financial and economic feasibility of the fuel replacement project. The financial feasibility study shows interesting investment opportunities only for fuel oil users located within 50 kilometers from the compressed natural gas distribution center. On the contrary, the economic feasibility study shows that there is an outstanding value for investment, particularly for the coal replacement. Consequently, it needs strong measures from the government to drive the replacement. The results of the study are expected to be beneficial in energy management and planning for industrial enterprises. They are also expected to assist the government in developing policies to support the country's long-term demand for natural gas.