bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Thermoforming and Structural Design of Millimeter-Wave Antenna Panels
Authors: Hatfield Zack , Peter Alex St. , Davila-Peralta Christian , Berkson Joel , Kim Daewook , Hyatt Justin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFuture large-scale radio telescope observatories, such as the next-generation Very Large Array, involve extremely large collection areas. These collection areas are divided into smaller shaped panels, which typically require their own unique molds to manufacture. For these projects to be cost-effective, an efficient fabrication method for the shaped panels is needed. This paper outlines the development and success of a novel adaptive freeform panel molding technology that greatly improves manufacturing efficiency due to its repeatable and reusable nature. Moreover, it presents an analysis of a proposed panel structural design for the shaped panels, which incorporates a study on surface deformation due to gravity and wind loading under realistic operational conditions.
Combining stable isotope and WQI methods to study the groundwater quality: a case study in Essaouira city, Morocco
Authors: Bahir Mohammed , El Mountassir Otman , Dhiba Driss , Chehbouni Abdelghani , Carreira Paula M. , elbiar Hakam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGroundwater is an important water resource in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, this study aimed to assess groundwater's suitability for drinking and irrigation using the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI). To this end, groundwater data were collected from 58 sites in 2019 (wet season) and 61 samples in 2020 (dry season) in the Meskala-Ouazzi sub-basin. The Piper diagram showed that Ca–Mg–Cl was the dominant groundwater facies type. The confinement due to COVID-19 has significantly improved the water quality of the Meskala-Ouazzi sub-basin. Instead, approximately 50% of sites showed improved water quality when calculating the WQI and IWQI. However, the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) showed that most samples below 10 are found in all of the examined samples, which are mostly found, indicating excellent irrigation water, and the Wilcox diagram depicted 20.14% of samples lying in the unsuitable region. Stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) of groundwater reveal that local precipitation is the main source of recharge. However, groundwater recharge is affected by the evaporation process due to the different geological conditions caused by topographic differences in the study area. The present study is useful for proper planning and managing water resources available for consumption and irrigation.
Combining multiple human physiological signals using fuzzy logic to determine stress caused by battle dress uniforms
Authors: Periyaswamy Thamizhisai , Balasubramanian Mahendran 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This study presents a novel stress index for clothing using physiological signals to estimate stress induced by battle dress uniforms (BDU) during physical activity. The approach uses a fuzzy logic-based nonlinear mapping to compute the stress from physiological signals. Ten healthy men performed a battery of physical activities in a controlled environment. Heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), skin temperature (ST), and galvanic skin response (GSR) were measured continuously for the participants during activity wearing three kinds of clothing (two BDUs and a control garment). The individual physiological responses were combined using a fuzzy-logic system to derive a stress measure called Clothed Activity Stress Index (CASI). Repeated measures ANOVA showed that the garments significantly (α = .05) affected the HR (p < .001) and RR (p < .001). In addition, interactions between the activity and garment were significant for HR, RR, and ST (p < .001, p < .001, p < .036). The physiological measures differed significantly between rest and activity for the two uniforms. The stress indices (ranging between 0 and 1) during rest and activity were 0.24 and 0.35 for control, 0.27 and 0.43 for BDU-1, and 0.33 and 0.44 for BDU-2. It is shown here that clothing systems impact human stress levels to a measurable level. This computational approach is applicable to measure stress caused by protective wear under different operational conditions and can be suitable for sports and combat gears.

Article Highlights

A computational approach to non-linearly map human physiological signals and stress is presented.

The stress caused by functional clothing systems is estimated using a fuzzy-logic mapping system for battle dress uniforms.

Heart and respiration rates are highly sensitive to stress, while skin temperature and galvanic skin response are moderately sensitive.
Antianemic activity of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Collana Negra variety and kanihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) Ramis variety seed flour in anemic rats
Authors: Moscoso-Mujica Gladys , Mujica Ángel , Chávez Juana , Peña Carmen , Begazo Noelia , Estrella Jumira , Estrada Zaira , Tello Liliana , Ramos Yeltsin , Rivera David , Inocente Carla , Huarca Fabricio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Andean grains from the Peruvian Altiplano, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and kanihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) have high protein content and an optimal balance of essential amino acids and minerals such as iron (19.8 mg/100 g y 17.6 mg/100 g, respectively). The objective of this research was to evaluate the antianemic activity of extruded flour from quinoa seeds variety Negra Collana and kanihua variety Ramis in anemic Holtzman strain rats. The results of the proximal analysis showed high protein content in quinoa at 22% and kanihua at 16.2%, and the acute toxicity test showed harmlessness up to the dose of 15000 mg/Kg in both flours confirmed with the anatomopathological observation of organs such as liver, stomach, lung, kidneys, and brain. In the evaluation of the antianemic activity, a basal average of 29.3 ± 0.2% of hematocrit was observed in the group of anemic rats treated with quinoa flour, and in twelve weeks, it increased to 53.8 ± 0.3% of hematocrit (p ≤ 0.05). A group of anemic rats treated with kanihua flour had a basal average of 29.5 ± 0.3%, and in twelve weeks, it increased to 51.7 ± 0.3% (p ≤ 0.05). A group of rats without anemia treated with quinoa and kanihua flour showed a basal average of 50.2 ± 0.2% and 49.3 ± 0.3%; in twelve weeks, it increased to 55.2 ± 0.2% and 54.8 ± 0.1%, respectively. It was concluded that oral administration of 360 mg/Kg every 24 h of quinoa flour and kanihua flour increased hematocrit levels by 24.5 ± 0.5% and 22.2 ± 0.3%; weight 65.8 ± 0.3 g and 59.2 ± 0.1 g; height 6.8 ± 0.1 cm and 5.7 ± 0.5 cm, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). In rats without anemia increased hematocrit levels by 5.3 ± 0.0% and 5.5 ± 0.0%; weight 37.7 ± 0.1 g and 21.7 ± 0.05 g; height 4 ± 0.0 cm and 3.9 ± 0.0 cm, respectively (p ≤ 0.05).
The sliding-contact factor (ηsc): a novel index for slip risk definition
Authors: Scialò Ciro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe causes of slip are multiple and depend on the mechanical and aesthetic characteristics of the surfaces in contact, and on external elements related to the specific situation. The non-slip characteristics of a surface can be evaluated by measuring the dynamic friction coefficient (DCoF). Hazardous conditions generally appear and progress over time as a result of use, aging-related natural degradation, lack of or incorrect cleaning and maintenance. This study focuses on the characteristics of roughness profiles of the surfaces in contact and aims at the identification of those roughness parameters that can allow a more reliable evaluation of both the "slip risk index" and of its change over time due to alterations of surface texture. The sliding-contact factor,ηsc, is identified as a candidate for the evaluation of slip risk, and is represented by a dimensionless number that can be calculated using only the data of some roughness parameters, measured by a handheld instrument (Portable Surface Roughness Measuring Instrument), portable and easy to use. The sliding-contact factorηsc allows the evaluation of the "slip risk index" of dry and water-contaminated surfaces and can increase the accuracy of the assessment of the "slip risk index” if evaluated through the DCoF only.Article Highlights

A new parameter, termed sliding-contact factor ηsc is defined and is correlated with the dynamic friction coefficient.

A classification of the slip risk index can be performed by means of the introduced sliding- contact factor ηsc.

The present work can represent a basis for the development of a new international standard for slip-risk assessment.
Time-resolved photoacoustics of channelrhodopsins: early energetics and light-driven volume changes
Authors: Walter Maria , Schubert Luiz , Heberle Joachim , Schlesinger Ramona , Losi Aba 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn biological photoreceptors, the energy stored in early transient species is a key feature to drive the photocycle or a chain of reactions. Time-resolved photoacoustics (PA) can explore the energy landscape of transient species formed within few ns after photoexcitation, as well as volumetric changes (ΔV) of these intermediates with respect to the parental state. In this work, PA identified these important parameters for several channelrhodopsins, namely CaChR1 from Chlamydomonas augustae and CrChR2 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and various variants. PA has access to the sub-ns formation of the early photoproduct P1 and to its relaxation, provided that this latter process occurs within a few μs. We found that ΔVP1 for CaChR1 is ca. 12 mL/mol, while it is much smaller for CrChR2 (4.7 mL/mol) and for H. salinarum bacteriorhodopsin (HsBR, ΔVK = 2.8 mL/mol). PA experiments on variants strongly indicate that part of this large ΔVP1 value for CaChR1 is caused by the protonation dynamics of the Schiff base counterion complex involving E169 and D299. PA data further show that the energy level of P1 is higher in CrChR2 (ca. 96 kJ/mol) than in CaChr1 (ca. 46 kJ/mol), comparable to the energy level of the K state of HsBR (60 kJ/mol). Instrumental to gain these molecular values from the raw PA data was the estimation of the quantum yield (Φ) for P1 formation via transient spectroscopy; for both channelrhodopsins, ΦP2 was evaluated as ca. 0.4.
Graphical Abstract
Do agrivoltaics improve public support for solar? A survey on perceptions, preferences, and priorities
Authors: Pascaris Alexis S. , Schelly Chelsea , Rouleau Mark , Pearce Joshua M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAgrivoltaic systems integrate agricultural production with solar photovoltaic electricity generation. Given the proven technical, economic, and environmental co-benefits provided by agrivoltaic systems, increased proliferation is anticipated, which necessitates accounting for the nuances of community resistance to solar development on farmland and identifying pathways for mitigation. Minimizing siting conflict and addressing agricultural communities’ concerns will be key in continued deployment of agrivoltaics, as localized acceptance of solar is a critical determinant of project success. This survey study assessed if public support for solar development increases when energy and agricultural production are combined in an agrivoltaic system. Results show that 81.8% of respondents would be more likely to support solar development in their community if it integrated agricultural production. This increase in support for solar given the agrivoltaic approach highlights a development strategy that can improve local social acceptance and the deployment rate of solar. Survey respondents prefer agrivoltaic projects that a) are designed to provide economic opportunities for farmers and the local community b) are not located on public property c) do not threaten local interests and d) ensure fair distribution of economic benefits. Proactively identifying what the public perceives as opportunities and concerns related to agrivoltaic development can help improve the design, business model, and siting of systems in the U.S.
Solutions to a $$(p_1, \ldots ,p_n)$$-Laplacian Problem with Hardy Potentials
Authors: Razani A. , Safari F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe are concerned with the existence and multiplicity of weak solutions for a general form of a$$(p_1, \ldots ,p_n)$$(p1,…,pn)-Laplacian elliptic problem including singular terms. Our approaches are mainly based on critical points theory.
The 2021 Loyalty Islands Earthquake (Mw 7.7): Tsunami Waveform Inversion and Implications for Tsunami Forecasting for New Zealand
Authors: Gusman Aditya Riadi , Roger Jean , Power William , Fry Bill , Kaneko Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA tsunamigenic earthquake with thrust faulting mechanism occurred southeast of the Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia, in the Southern Vanuatu subduction zone on the 10th of February 2021. The tsunami was observed at coastal gauges in the surrounding islands and in New Zealand. The tsunami was also recorded at a new DART network designed to enhance the tsunami forecasting capability of the Southwestern Pacific. We used the tsunami waveforms in an inversion to estimate the fault slip distribution. The estimated major slip region is located near the trench with maximum slip of 4 m. This source model with an assumed rupture velocity of 1.0 km/s can reproduce the observed seismic waves. We evaluated two tsunami forecasting approaches for coastal regions in New Zealand: selecting a pre‐computed scenario, and interpolating between two pre‐computed scenarios. For the evaluation, we made a reference map of tsunami threat levels in New Zealand using the estimated source model. The results show that the threat level maps from the pre‐computed Mw 7.7 scenario located closest to the epicenter, and from an interpolation of two scenarios, match the reference threat levels in most coastal regions. Further improvements to enhance the system toward more robust warnings include expansion of scenario database and incorporation of tsunami observation around tsunami source regions. We also report on utilization of the coastal gauge and DART station data for updating forecasts in real‐time during the event and discuss the differences between the rapid‐response forecast and post‐event retrospective forecasts.
A High‐End Estimate of Sea Level Rise for Practitioners
Authors: van de Wal R. S. W. , Nicholls R. J. , Behar D. , McInnes K. , Stammer D. , Lowe J. A. , Church J. A. , DeConto R. , Fettweis X. , Goelzer H. , Haasnoot M. , Haigh I. D. , Hinkel J. , Horton B. P. , James T. S. , Jenkins A. , LeCozannet G. , Levermann A. , Lipscomb W. H. , Marzeion B. , Pattyn F. , Payne A. J. , Pfeffer W. T. , Price S. F. , Seroussi H. , Sun S. , Veatch W. , White K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSea level rise (SLR) is a long‐lasting consequence of climate change because global anthropogenic warming takes centuries to millennia to equilibrate for the deep ocean and ice sheets. SLR projections based on climate models support policy analysis, risk assessment and adaptation planning today, despite their large uncertainties. The central range of the SLR distribution is estimated by process‐based models. However, risk‐averse practitioners often require information about plausible future conditions that lie in the tails of the SLR distribution, which are poorly defined by existing models. Here, a community effort combining scientists and practitioners builds on a framework of discussing physical evidence to quantify high‐end global SLR for practitioners. The approach is complementary to the IPCC AR6 report and provides further physically plausible high‐end scenarios. High‐end estimates for the different SLR components are developed for two climate scenarios at two timescales. For global warming of +2°C in 2100 (RCP2.6/SSP1‐2.6) relative to pre‐industrial values our high‐end global SLR estimates are up to 0.9 m in 2100 and 2.5 m in 2300. Similarly, for a (RCP8.5/SSP5‐8.5), we estimate up to 1.6 m in 2100 and up to 10.4 m in 2300. The large and growing differences between the scenarios beyond 2100 emphasize the long‐term benefits of mitigation. However, even a modest 2°C warming may cause multi‐meter SLR on centennial time scales with profound consequences for coastal areas. Earlier high‐end assessments focused on instability mechanisms in Antarctica, while here we emphasize the importance of the timing of ice shelf collapse around Antarctica. This is highly uncertain due to low understanding of the driving processes. Hence both process understanding and emission scenario control high‐end SLR.
Generation of Continental Lithospheric Mantle by Tectonic Isolation of Oceanic Plate
Authors: Oller Brian , Day James M. D. , Driscoll Neal W. , Lonsdale Peter F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContinental formation models invoke subduction or plume‐related processes to create the buoyant, refractory character of continental lithospheric mantle (CLM). From similarities in melt depletion, major element composition, modal clinopyroxene, and Os isotope systematics it has been proposed that oceanic mantle lithosphere is the likely protolith to non‐cratonic CLM, however, a direct link between the two has been difficult to ascertain. Using dredged mantle peridotite xenoliths from the Ferrel Seamount, off the west coast of Baja California, Mexico, we show that tectonic isolation of an oceanic plate may lead to formation of non‐cratonic CLM. Ferrel xenoliths are coarse‐grained spinel lherzolite, or rare harzburgite. Bulk‐rock and clinopyroxene trace element compositions reveal two‐stages of melt refertilization following melt depletion, with infiltration by mid‐ocean ridge basalt‐type melts, followed by melt addition from host alkali basalt. Melt depletion correlations with 187Os/188Os and highly siderophile element abundances indicate preserved melt depletion and refertilization processes are ancient. From these observations, the Ferrel xenoliths represent lithosphere from the abandoned Pacific‐Farallon ridge. The history of melt depletion, followed by MORB‐melt refertilization is consistent with the peridotites representing oceanic mantle lithosphere that was subsequently incorporated into the Baja‐Guadalupe microplate during “ridge jump.” These peridotites demonstrate that isolation of oceanic lithosphere that is rafted onto a continental margin provides a viable means for producing non‐cratonic CLM. We suggest that continuation of late‐stage, low degree melt refertilization may provide a link between oceanic lithosphere and non‐cratonic CLM and propose a tectonic model to preserve and facilitate this continued evolution.
Magma Chamber Detected Beneath an Arc Volcano With Full‐Waveform Inversion of Active‐Source Seismic Data
Authors: Chrapkiewicz K. , Paulatto M. , Heath B. A. , Hooft E. E. E. , Nomikou P. , Papazachos C. B. , Schmid F. , Toomey D. R. , Warner M. R. , Morgan J. V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractArc volcanoes are underlain by complex systems of molten‐rock reservoirs ranging from melt‐poor mush zones to melt‐rich magma chambers. Petrological and satellite data indicate that eruptible magma chambers form in the topmost few kilometres of the crust. However, very few chambers have ever been definitively located, suggesting that most are too short‐lived or too small to be imaged, which has direct implications for hazard assessment and modeling of magma differentiation. Here we use a high‐resolution technology based on inverting full seismic waveforms to image a small, high‐melt‐fraction magma chamber that was not detected with standard seismic tomography. The melt reservoir extends from ∼2 to at least 4 km below sea level (b.s.l.) at Kolumbo—a submarine volcano near Santorini, Greece. The chamber coincides with the termination point of the recent earthquake swarms and may be a missing link between a deeper melt reservoir and the high‐temperature hydrothermal system venting at the crater floor. The chamber poses a serious hazard as it could produce a highly explosive, tsunamigenic eruption in the near future. Our results suggest that similar reservoirs (relatively small but high‐melt‐fraction) may have gone undetected at other active volcanoes, challenging the existing eruption forecasts and reactive‐flow models of magma differentiation.
A Parametric Study of Oxygen Ion Cyclotron Harmonic Wave Excitation and Polarization by an Oxygen Ring Distribution
Authors: Liu Xu , Chen Lunjin , Sun Jicheng , Wang Xueyi , Usanova Maria E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOxygen ion cyclotron harmonic (OCH) waves are electromagnetic emissions with frequencies near the harmonics of the oxygen ion cyclotron frequency. These waves can be excited by an energetic O+ ring distribution. Here, we perform a parametric study of OCH waves by an O+ ring distribution. We investigate the effects of ring concentration (ηho), velocity (vr), temperature (Tr), total O+ concentration (ηo), and wave normal angles (WNAs) on the wave growth rate and polarization. We find that four‐wave modes are related to OCH waves. The growth rates and frequency range increase with ηho and ηo and decrease with Tr. The peak growth rate roughly follows the first peak of (square of the Bessel function corresponding to the O+ ring) or cold plasma wave modes, which can be used to explain the vr and WNA dependences. OCH waves shift from the transverse mode to the compressional mode as vr increases.
Dependencies of GPS Scintillation Indices on the Ionospheric Plasma Drift and Rate of Change of TEC Around the Dawn Sector of the Polar Ionosphere
Authors: Wang Y. , Jayachandran P. T. , Ma Y.‐Z. , Zhang Q.‐H. , Xing Z.‐Y. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Shepherd S. G. , Lester M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe dependencies of global positioning system (GPS) scintillation indices on ionospheric plasma flow and the rate of change of total electron content (TEC) around the dawn sector for the first time of the polar ionosphere are investigated. The phase scintillation index (σφ) derived from GPS measurements of the Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN) shows linear dependencies on both the plasma drift speed measured by the SuperDARN radar and on the rate of change of TEC estimated from the GPS receivers of CHAIN. However, the amplitude scintillation index (S4) does not show any dependence on the plasma flow or the rate of change of TEC. These results further support Wang et al. (2018), https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024805 at the noon sector. The dependence of the phase scintillation index on the plasma flow further evidences that the standard phase scintillation index is dominated by refractive variations due to the use of a fixed cut‐off frequency of 0.1 Hz while detrending the phase observable. The dependence of the phase scintillation index on the rate of change of TEC consolidates the dominance of refractive variations inside.