bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic next‐generation sequencing for the diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia
Authors: Li Hu , Hao Binwei , Wang Yongxue , Yu Dinghong , Chen Zhonghua , Du Duanlin , Xiong Jian , Li Kang , Zhang Hengping , Liu Xu , Liu Kai , Xiao Fanrong , Cheng Xiaosan , Huang Lingmei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia and evaluate the diagnostic value of Metagenomic Next‐Generation Sequencing (mNGS). A total of 44 patients diagnosed with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia using mNGS were retrospectively analysed. The demographic and clinical features, laboratory data, imaging findings and clinical outcomes were collected. Results showed that 65.91% of the patients had a history of exposure to poultry or birds. All patients presented with fever. Apart from systemic and respiratory symptoms, some patients also presented with digestive and neurological symptoms. Respiratory failure was common among patients. The key laboratory tests were normal white blood cell counts, slightly elevated PCT, changes in levels of cardiac enzymes, liver enzymes and hyponatremia. Chest imaging revealed that most of the lesions contained patchy exudation or lobar consolidation of one lobe, especially in the lower lobe. Consolidation of both lungs was seen in critically ill patients. Although quinolones were effective in most patients, tetracyclines should be the first choice of treatment. The overall prognosis was good; however, patients who developed severe pneumonia had poor prognosis. The incidence of chlamydia psittaci pneumonia may be underestimated due to the nonspecific clinical manifestations and lack of confirmatory testing methods. The use of mNGS has increased the number of patients diagnosed with chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. mNGS is an effective diagnostic method for chlamydia psittaci pneumonia.
Alternatives to rifampicin: A review and perspectives on the choice of strong CYP3A inducers for clinical drug–drug interaction studies
Authors: Bolleddula Jayaprakasam , Gopalakrishnan Sathej , Hu Ping , Dong Jennifer , Venkatakrishnan Karthik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractN‐Nitrosamine (NA) impurities are considered genotoxic and have gained attention due to the recall of several marketed drug products associated with higher‐than‐permitted limits of these impurities. Rifampicin is an index inducer of multiple cytochrome P450s (CYPs) including CYP2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4/5 and an inhibitor of OATP1B transporters (single dose). Hence, rifampicin is used extensively in clinical studies to assess drug–drug interactions (DDIs). Despite NA impurities being reported in rifampicin and rifapentine above the acceptable limits, these critical anti‐infective drugs are available for therapeutic use considering their benefit–risk profile. Reports of NA impurities in rifampicin products have created uncertainty around using rifampicin in clinical DDI studies, especially in healthy volunteers. Hence, a systematic investigation through a literature search was performed to determine possible alternative index inducer(s) to rifampicin. The available strong CYP3A inducers were selected from the University of Washington DDI Database and their in vivo DDI potential assessed using the data from clinical DDI studies with sensitive CYP3A substrates. To propose potential alternative CYP3A inducers, factors including lack of genotoxic potential, adequate safety, feasibility of multiple dose administration to healthy volunteers, and robust in vivo evidence of induction of CYP3A were considered. Based on the qualifying criteria, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and lumacaftor were identified to be the most promising alternatives to rifampicin for conducting CYP3A induction DDI studies. Strengths and limitations of the proposed alternative CYP3A inducers, the magnitude of in vivo CYP3A induction, appropriate study designs for each alternative inducer, and future perspectives are presented in this paper.
Religion's Role in a Martian War of Independence
Authors: Rappaport Margaret Boone , Corbally Christopher J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAstrotheologians and Astroethicists must be futurists at the same time that they articulate theological issues and moral quandaries in future settlement programs. One methodology used to recommend solutions is the construction of a scenario, a story that extrapolates from what is known to what is yet unknown, following models in international planning and operations research. In anticipation of the roles of religion and the clergy in an off‐Earth settlement on Mars, we offer this dramatic story, which takes place during a long, 10‐year Martian War of Independence. Issues framed on Earth (as in the 1962 UN Principles) take on new importance in a multi‐national, multi‐ethic, Martian society, where political and religious leadership based essentially on future versions of ancient Judeo‐Christian principles is key to survival.
Early recognition of SGCE‐myoclonus–dystonia in children
Authors: Correa‐Vela Marta , Carvalho Joao , Ferrero‐Turrion Julia , Cazurro‐Gutiérrez Ana , Vanegas Maria , Gonzalez Victoria , Alvárez Ramiro , Marcé‐Grau Anna , Moreno Antonio , Macaya‐Ruiz Alfons , Pérez‐Dueñas Belén 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate early dystonic features in children and adolescents with SGCE‐myoclonus–dystonia.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, 49 patients (26 females and 23 males) with SGCE‐myoclonus–dystonia (aged 15y 2mo, SD 12y) with childhood‐onset (2y 10mo, SD 1y 10mo) dystonia were examined using a standardized video recorded protocol. Dystonia was rated using the Writer's Cramp and Gait Dystonia Rating Scales. Disability and impairment for handwriting and walking were also rated.ResultsDystonia was present at rest (n=1), posture (n=12), and during specific motor tasks (n=45) such as writing (n=35), walking (n=23), and running (n=20). Most children reported disability while performing these tasks. Early dystonic patterns were identified for writer's cramp and gait dystonia, the latter named the ‘circular shaking leg’, ‘dragging leg’, and ‘hobby‐horse gait’ patterns. Sensory tricks were used by five and eight children to improve dystonia and myoclonus during writing and walking respectively. The rating scales accurately measured the severity of action dystonia and correlated with self‐reported disability.InterpretationChildren with SGCE‐myoclonus–dystonia show recognizable dystonic patterns and sensory tricks that may lead to an early diagnosis and timely therapeutic approach. Isolated writer's cramp is a key feature in childhood and should prompt SCGE analysis. The proposed action dystonia scales could be used to monitor disease course and response to treatment.What this paper adds

Most children with SGCE‐myoclonus–dystonia got writer's cramp and had walking and running dystonia.

Writer's cramp was a key feature and should prompt SGCE genetic investigation.

‘Circular shaking leg’, ‘dragging leg’, and ‘hobby‐horse gait’ were recognized as early gait patterns.

Children used sensory tricks to improve myoclonus and dystonia, suggesting common pathophysiological mechanisms.

Action dystonia rating scales are valid tools to assess severity in children.
The autism spectrum disorder phenotype in children with tuberous sclerosis complex: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca A. , Mitchell Marijke , Williams Katrina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the phenotype in autistic children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), specifically autism spectrum disorder (ASD) severity and characteristics, intellectual ability, adaptive and executive function, language skills, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder features, and internalizing and externalizing behaviours.MethodMEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to March 2021. Studies that investigated predefined phenotypic factors in children with TSC‐ASD were included according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta‐Analysis Protocols (PRISMA‐P) guidelines. Two authors independently reviewed titles, abstracts, full texts, and extracted the data. Risk of bias and GRADE assessments were completed.ResultsThirty‐four studies with 3160 children with TSC, 30% with ASD, were included. Meta‐analysis found that 90% (95% confidence interval 86%–94%) of children with TSC‐ASD have an intellectual disability. There was some evidence to suggest that young children with TSC‐ASD and idiopathic ASD have a similar pattern of severity and behaviour. Overall, data about phenotypic characteristics were limited.InterpretationA greater proportion of children with TSC‐ASD are reported to have an intellectual disability than children with idiopathic ASD. Early intervention should consider the needs of children with a high likelihood of intellectual disability. Research is needed to better understand the impacts of intellectual disability and other co‐occurring difficulties on adaptive function, participation, and quality of life in TSC‐ASD.What this paper adds

Most children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have an intellectual disability.
TSC‐ASD early intervention planning should consider the high likelihood of intellectual disability.
Quality of life and the functional impact of intellectual disability in TSC‐ASD are not understood.
Little is known about co‐occurring difficulties in TSC‐ASD.
The Harry Keen Rank Nutrition Lecture 2022. Nutritional guidelines for diabetes management: Where do they come from and do they work?
Authors: Dyson Pamela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNutritional guidelines for diabetes are designed to support those living with diabetes in achieving optimal glycaemic control, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and maintaining quality of life. Historically, guidelines reflected current opinion and clinical practice and only relatively recently have evidence‐based recommendations been published. Current nutritional guidelines for type 1 and type 2 diabetes are based on high‐quality evidence including data from randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies and are graded by the strength of evidence. There is no evidence to support one specific dietary strategy for people with diabetes, and this is particularly true for weight reduction in those with type 2 diabetes living with overweight or obesity, where the evidence suggests that different strategies are equally successful. As a result, the emphasis of modern guidelines is on individualised, person‐centred approaches. Some barriers to successful implementation include lack of dietary education and knowledge in health professionals supporting people with diabetes, and a so‐called obesogenic environment that impedes dietary change. Initiatives such as education and training programmes for health professionals, and population‐based interventions that promote both structural and policy change are recommended to enable those with diabetes to support dietary change and improve health.
Early‐ and late‐onset posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders among adult kidney and liver transplant recipients
Authors: Abdulovski Ranya , Møller Dina L. , Knudsen Andreas D. , Sørensen Søren S. , Rasmussen Allan , Nielsen Susanne D. , Wareham Neval E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesPosttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in solid organ transplant recipients has a high mortality and may present early (<2 years) or late (≥2 years) posttransplantation. We investigated the clinical characteristics of early and late PTLD among kidney and liver transplant recipients.MethodsRecipients, transplanted at Rigshospitalet, with PTLD development as adults from January 2010 to August 2020, were included. Clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and pathology of early and late PTLD were compared.ResultsThirty‐one PTLD cases were detected where 10 (32%) were early and 21 (68%) were late PTLD. EBV DNA in plasma was detected in 78% versus 28% in early and late PTLD (p = .037). None of the recipients with early PTLD and nine recipients with late PTLD (47%) had Ann Arbor stage IV at the time of their diagnosis (p = .006). Cyclophosphamid–Hydroxyrubicin–Oncovin–Prednisolon was used for treatment in 10 (48%) recipients with late PTLD (p = 0.032) only. There was no difference in mortality between the two groups.ConclusionsRecipients with late PTLD had a lower prevalence of detectable EBV DNA in plasma, were diagnosed with more advanced disease, and were more frequently treated with chemotherapy compared to recipients with early PTLD.
Millimetre scale aeration of the rhizosphere and drilosphere
Authors: Uteau Daniel , Horn Rainer , Peth Stephan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoil aeration is a critical factor for oxygen‐limited subsoil processes, as transport by diffusion and advection is restricted by the long distance to the free atmosphere. Oxygen transport into the soil matrix is highly dependent on its connectivity to larger pore channels like earthworm and root colonised biopores. Here we hypothesize that the soil matrix around biopores represents different connectivity depending on biopore genesis and actual coloniser. We analysed the soil pore system of undisturbed soil core samples around biopores generated or colonised by roots and earthworms and compared them with the pore system of soil, not in the immediacy of a biopore. Oxygen partial pressure profiles and gas relative diffusion was measured in the rhizosphere and drilosphere from the biopore wall into the bulk soil with microelectrodes. The measurements were linked with structural features such as porosity and connectivity obtained from X‐ray tomography and image analysis. Aeration was enhanced in the soil matrix surrounding biopores in comparison to the bulk soil, shown by higher oxygen concentrations and higher relative diffusion coefficients. Biopores colonised by roots presented more connected lateral pores than earthworm colonised ones, which resulted in enhanced aeration of the rhizosphere compared to the drilosphere. This has influenced biotic processes (microbial turnover/mineralization or root respiration) at biopore interfaces and highlights the importance of microstructural features for soil processes and their dependency on the biopore's coloniser.
Molecular and clinical descriptions of patients with GABAA receptor gene variants (GABRA1, GABRB2, GABRB3, GABRG2): A cohort study, review of literature, and genotype–phenotype correlation
Authors: Maillard Pierre‐Yves , Baer Sarah , Schaefer Élise , Desnous Béatrice , Villeneuve Nathalie , Lépine Anne , Fabre Alexandre , Lacoste Caroline , El Chehadeh Salima , Piton Amélie , Porter Louise Frances , Perriard Caroline , Wardé Marie‐Thérèse Abi , Spitz Marie‐Aude , Laugel Vincent , Lesca Gaëtan , Putoux Audrey , Ville Dorothée , Mignot Cyril , Héron Delphine , Nabbout Rima , Barcia Giulia , Rio Marlène , Roubertie Agathe , Meyer Pierre , Paquis‐Flucklinger Véronique , Patat Olivier , Lefranc Jérémie , Gerard Marion ,   Epigen Consortium, de Bellescize Julietta , Villard Laurent , De Saint Martin Anne , Milh Mathieu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA)A‐receptor subunit variants have recently been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and/or epilepsy. The phenotype linked with each gene is becoming better known. Because of the common molecular structure and physiological role of these phenotypes, it seemed interesting to describe a putative phenotype associated with GABAA‐receptor–related disorders as a whole and seek possible genotype–phenotype correlations.MethodsWe collected clinical, electrophysiological, therapeutic, and molecular data from patients with GABAA‐receptor subunit variants (GABRA1, GABRB2, GABRB3, and GABRG2) through a national French collaboration using the EPIGENE network and compared these data to the one already described in the literature.ResultsWe gathered the reported patients in three epileptic phenotypes: 15 patients with fever‐related epilepsy (40%), 11 with early developmental epileptic encephalopathy (30%), 10 with generalized epilepsy spectrum (27%), and 1 patient without seizures (3%). We did not find a specific phenotype for any gene, but we showed that the location of variants on the transmembrane (TM) segment was associated with a more severe phenotype, irrespective of the GABAA‐receptor subunit gene, whereas N‐terminal variants seemed to be related to milder phenotypes.SignificanceGABAA‐receptor subunit variants are associated with highly variable phenotypes despite their molecular and physiological proximity. None of the genes described here was associated with a specific phenotype. On the other hand, it appears that the location of the variant on the protein may be a marker of severity. Variant location may have important weight in the development of targeted therapeutics.
Trading rule of law for recovery? The new EU strategy in the post‐Covid era
Authors: Fromont Louise , Van Waeyenberge Arnaud 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe ambition of this article is twofold. First, it argues that, in order to enhance respect for the rule of law by its Member States, the EU has launched a new strategy albeit essentially based on mechanisms which were not specifically designed to protect the rule of law. Second, the article aims to clarify the notion of rule of law resulting from this strategy and to subsequently analyse its consequences. In doing so, this article will thereby demonstrate that the instruments used by the new strategy promote a notion of the EU rule of law which implies a constant arbitrage between the rule of law and the economic objectives pursued by the EU. The risk may be, however, that it would subjugate fundamental values (as defined in Article 2 TEU) to the logic of European economic integration, thus inverting the hierarchy between protection for the rule of law and economic values.
Macro‐meso fatigue damage and instability of a fault bimrock exposed to multistage cyclic triaxial loads with different confining pressure
Authors: Wang Yu , Mao Tianqiao , Zhang Bo , Xia Yingjie , Yi Xuefeng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA series of cyclic triaxial tests combined with post‐test CT scanning were performed on a fault bimrock (block‐in‐matrix‐rock). The influence of confining pressure on the macro‐meso fatigue damage and instability characteristics were investigated in terms of strength, stiffness, volumetric deformation, damage evolution, and mesoscopic failure pattern. It is revealed that bimrock strength, deformation, and stiffness increase with increasing of confining pressure. A larger confining pressure leads to a lower rate of axial and volumetric strain. An early instability precursor corresponding to the strong volumetric dilatancy was issued using the strain rate than the volumetric strain. An inverted “L” and “S” shaped damage evolution pattern were revealed and modelled, and the proposed model fits well to the testing data. Post‐test 3D computed tomography scanning visualizes the multiple interface cracking behaviors and volumetric change. It is suggested that the skeleton role of blocks was strengthened and the block‐matrix interactions were influenced by the applied confining pressure.
Microbiome assembly in thawing permafrost and its feedbacks to climate
Authors: Ernakovich Jessica G. , Barbato Robyn A. , Rich Virginia I. , Schädel Christina , Hewitt Rebecca E. , Doherty Stacey J. , Whalen Emily D. , Abbott Benjamin W. , Barta Jiri , Biasi Christina , Chabot Chris L. , Hultman Jenni , Knoblauch Christian , Vetter Maggie C. Y. Lau , Leewis Mary‐Cathrine , Liebner Susanne , Mackelprang Rachel , Onstott Tullis C. , Richter Andreas , Schütte Ursel M. E. , Siljanen Henri M. P. , Taş Neslihan , Timling Ina , Vishnivetskaya Tatiana A. , Waldrop Mark P. , Winkel Matthias 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe physical and chemical changes that accompany permafrost thaw directly influence the microbial communities that mediate the decomposition of formerly frozen organic matter, leading to uncertainty in permafrost–climate feedbacks. Although changes to microbial metabolism and community structure are documented following thaw, the generality of post‐thaw assembly patterns across permafrost soils of the world remains uncertain, limiting our ability to predict biogeochemistry and microbial community responses to climate change. Based on our review of the Arctic microbiome, permafrost microbiology, and community ecology, we propose that Assembly Theory provides a framework to better understand thaw‐mediated microbiome changes and the implications for community function and climate feedbacks. This framework posits that the prevalence of deterministic or stochastic processes indicates whether the community is well‐suited to thrive in changing environmental conditions. We predict that on a short timescale and following high‐disturbance thaw (e.g., thermokarst), stochasticity dominates post‐thaw microbiome assembly, suggesting that functional predictions will be aided by detailed information about the microbiome. At a longer timescale and lower‐intensity disturbance (e.g., active layer deepening), deterministic processes likely dominate, making environmental parameters sufficient for predicting function. We propose that the contribution of stochastic and deterministic processes to post‐thaw microbiome assembly depends on the characteristics of the thaw disturbance, as well as characteristics of the microbial community, such as the ecological and phylogenetic breadth of functional guilds, their functional redundancy, and biotic interactions. These propagate across space and time, potentially providing a means for predicting the microbial forcing of greenhouse gas feedbacks to global climate change.
Focus groups revealed how community health workers in North Carolina find, verify, and process health information for migrant and seasonal farmworkers
Authors: LePrevost Catherine E. , Cofie Leslie E. , Bloss Jamie E. , Lee Joseph G. L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCommunity health workers (CHWs) bridge the gap in health and social services delivery for marginalized communities, providing critical health information to those with limited access to health resources.ObjectivesThe purpose of our study was to understand CHWs' approaches to identifying salient and credible health information for migrant and seasonal farmworkers in rural North Carolina (NC).MethodsTwo focus group discussions were held with CHWs in eastern NC and one in western NC in February 2020.ResultsCHWs seek health information on chronic health conditions disproportionately experienced by farmworkers such as diabetes and high blood pressure. They search for information from existing resources in their possession, via the internet, and through consultation with health professionals. CHWs also verify the information and transform the content into resources that are accessible to farmworkers.DiscussionOur findings suggest that CHWs possess a strong set of information literacy skills that could be enhanced through additional training in crediting sources, creating new materials, and organization and storage.ConclusionThis study adds to the very limited body of knowledge about how CHWs seek and transmit information to their communities and sheds light on their information need and literacy abilities.