bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friction spot brazing of stainless steel to titanium (grade 1) using aluminum foil
Authors: Mashtizadeh Amirreza , Azizieh Mahdi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper demonstrates a simple and effective technique for friction spot brazing of stainless steel (st37) to titanium (grade 1). We use aluminum foil as a filler that is placed between the base metals. We evaluate the joints when using different rotational speeds: 1800, 2000, 2200, 2400, 2600, and 2800 RPM. We characterize the joint using scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, the microhardness of cross-sections, and fractography. We found that the strongest tensile strength joint (6 kN) come from friction spot brazing at 2000 RPM. The joint interface of the 2000 RPM sample contains intermetallic compounds such as FeTi, Fe3Al, FeAl2, and Ti3Al, which increases the tensile strength.
Study on the surface modification and mechanism of multilayer graphene by ion beam irradiation
Authors: Zhou Xuebin , Li Yong , Jiang Zhou , Duan Chaonan , Yu Haidong , Dai Zhengkun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To improve the poor dispersion and insufficient interfacial adhesion of reinforced graphene (GN) in copper matrices, the graphene surface is irradiated with a Cu ion beam. To study the mechanism of surface modification of irradiated Cu+2 sample on the surface of graphene, the Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscope (AFM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) are employed. The results of Raman spectroscopy showed that the value of relative intensity ratio I
D/I
G of the characteristic peaks of unirradiated graphene was 1.2530 where it became 0.8693 after the irradiation process. It showed an 30.6% reduction in the ratio ofI
D/I
Gindicating that the ion beam irradiation reduces the surface defects of graphene and causes obvious modification effects. XPS results showed that the irradiated Cu deoxidizes with the epoxy, hydroxyl, or carboxyl group on the surface of the GN, resulting in Cu compounds attached to the surface of the GN. In addition, irradiation introduces stress on the graphene surface to promote the formation of a wrinkled structure to cause the surface morphology to change, as witnessed by the rougher surface morphology, as compared to the unirradiated area. The TEM results showed a recrystallization on the surface of the GN after the irradiation process. Moreover, it showed that the GN lattice was significantly qualified. Ion beam irradiation improves the quality of the surface of GN lattice, reduces the surface defects of graphene, and displays obvious modification effects.
Cost-effective estimation of single-mode thermal states by probabilistic quantum metrology
Authors: Frigerio Massimo , Olivares Stefano , Paris Matteo G A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In probabilistic quantum metrology, one aims at finding measurements that concentrate the Fisher information on the resulting conditional quantum states, i.e. those states post-selected according to the outcome of the measurement. The quantum Cramér–Rao (QCR) bound itself cannot be surpassed this way, but it could be possible to improve the information-cost ratio (where cost refers to the experimental implementation), or even the total Fisher information. In this paper, we propose a post-selection protocol achieving this goal using single-photon subtraction and thermal states of radiation. In particular, we achieve a larger information-cost ratio for the estimation of temperature than the strategy attaining the QCR bound. Our scheme involves only classical states of radiation and this contrasts with (but does not contradict) recent results proving that for unitary quantum statistical models, post-selection strategies can outperform direct protocols only exploiting nonclassical states.
Tribology at the atomic scale with density functional theory
Authors: Ustunel Hande , Toffoli Daniele 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Understanding the quantum mechanical origins of friction forces has become increasingly important in the past decades with the advent of nanotechnology. At the nanometer scale, the universal Amontons–Coulomb laws cease to be valid and each interface requires individual scrutiny. Furthermore, measurements required to understand friction at the atomic scale are riddled with artificial factors such as the properties of the friction force microscope, effect of the environment, and the type of the substrate. It therefore proves difficult to isolate the actual behavior of interfaces from these effects. Electronic structure methods are an indispensable tool in understanding the details of interfaces, their interactions with lubricants, the environment and the support. In particular, density functional theory (DFT) has given large contributions to the field through accurate calculations of important properties such as the potential energy surfaces, shear strengths, adsorption of lubricant materials and the effect of the substrate. Although unable to tackle velocity- or temperature-dependent properties for which classical molecular dynamics is employed, DFT provides an affordable yet accurate means of understanding the quantum mechanical origins of the tribological behavior of interfaces in a parameter-free manner. This review attempts to give an overview of the ever-increasing literature on the use of DFT in the field of tribology. We start by summarizing the rich history of theoretical work on dry friction. We then identify the figures-of-merit which can be calculated using DFT. We follow by a summary of bulk interfaces and how to reduce friction via passivation and lubricants. The following section, namely friction involving two-dimensional materials is the focus of our review since these materials have gained increasing traction in the field thanks to the advanced manufacturing and manipulation techniques developed. Our review concludes with a brief touch on other interesting examples from DFT tribology literature such as rolling friction and the effect of photoexcitation in tribology.
Novel method for flue gas flow of gas turbines in offshore oil production facilities
Authors: Liu Xianglong , Hu Guang , Zeng Zhi , Zeng Liping , Li Xiaohua , Wang Ping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The flue gas flow in gas turbines is an important parameter for determining the accurate capacity of waste heat boilers for recovering the waste heat released by the flue gas of gas turbines in offshore oil production facilities. The theory of flue gas composition ratio pertaining to boiler combustion is applied to calculate the flue gas flow in gas turbines. The given gas fuel composition, fuel characteristic coefficient and tested dry combustion products of gas fuel are used to calculate the excess air factor α using the theory of flue gas composition ratio; thus, the flue gas flow of gas turbines can be obtained. The results show that the value of α of a gas turbine ranges from 7 to 3 with different loads and is significantly greater than the α value of boilers, which is obtained during the burning of gas fuel; moreover, the calculation mode of O

d

2 while considering β coincides more with the actual operation data of gas turbines. This mode is useful for the engineering application of recovering the waste heat released by the flue gas of gas turbines and provides an important guidance to improve the waste heat recovery process in gas turbines.
Machine-Learning–Based Forecasting of Dengue Fever in Brazilian Cities Using Epidemiologic and Meteorological Variables
Authors: Roster Kirstin , Connaughton Colm , Rodrigues Francisco A 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dengue is a serious public health concern in Brazil and globally. In the absence of a universal vaccine or specific treatments, prevention relies on vector control and disease surveillance. Accurate and early forecasts can help reduce the spread of the disease. In this study, we developed a model for predicting monthly dengue cases in Brazilian cities 1 month ahead, using data from 2007–2019. We compared different machine learning algorithms and feature selection methods using epidemiologic and meteorological variables. We found that different models worked best in different cities, and a random forests model trained on monthly dengue cases performed best overall. It produced lower errors than a seasonal naive baseline model, gradient boosting regression, a feed-forward neural network, or support vector regression. For each city, we computed the mean absolute error between predictions and true monthly numbers of dengue cases on the test data set. The median error across all cities was 12.2 cases. This error was reduced to 11.9 when selecting the optimal combination of algorithm and input features for each city individually. Machine learning and especially decision tree ensemble models may contribute to dengue surveillance in Brazil, as they produce low out-of-sample prediction errors for a geographically diverse set of cities.
C11 DAE RESPONDER APP IN PIACENZA: AN INTEGRATED RESCUE NETWORK AGAINST CARDIAC ARREST USING THE TECHNOLOGY AVAILABLE FOR DAE RESPONDERS CITIZENS
Authors: Aschieri D , Pelizzoni V , Rossi E , Nani S , Bertocchi S , Bersani E , Ferraro S , Pisati M , Losi G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Early Defibrillation is the most effective method for resuscitation in patients with out of hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA). The presence of shockable rhythm is an important determinant of survival, therefore, the implementation of systems that increase the likelihood of immediate CPR and rapid defibrillation are vital to improving survival. To this end, in 2017 the DAE REsponder APP (ADR) was developed to alert the trained citizens nearest to the scene and direct them to the closest DAE.

Aim
To evaluate the performance of this application in terms of number of interventions and number of patients saved. Methods: Since 2014, the Emilia Romagna region created a regional portal dedicated to the OHCA the AED REspondER emergency, in which each province registered the automated external defibrillators (AEDs), indicating their geolocation and accessibility. From this system was developed the ADR, which can be used by every citizen through their smartphone. ADR has several functions: alerting the DR citizens closest to the victim, possibility to choose whether to intervene or not, in case of acceptance, navigation to the place and to the AED closer.

Results
In Piacenza 1046 AEDs have been placed and 1212 people are registered as DR.From 2018, 525 blue codes have been activated (out of a regional total of 4457) and 80560 notifications have been sent to DRs: in 145 cases (27.62%)the intervention was accepted, in 19 cases DR arrived before 118 and in 12 cases the AED was applied (63.16%) with 7(55%) patients survived.

Conclusion
The ADR could be considered an effective method to deliver an immediate CPR and increase the chance of survival in case of OHCA.
C23 HOW TO IMPROVE ADHERENCE TO ESC HF GUIDELINES THE PONTE (PDTA FOR INTEGRATED FOLLOW–UP TERRITORY HOSPITAL OF THE PATIENT WITH CARDIAC HEART FAILURE) PROJECT
Authors: De Gennaro L , Donadeo V , Ruggero M , Tota F , Sergio M , De Laura D , Cavallari D , Resta M , Ricci G , Licurgo L , Buquicchio F , Corriero F , Citarelli G , Parisi G , Campanella C , Mancini L , Locuratolo N , Sublimi Saponetti L , Rutigliano D , Palumbo V , Basso P , Correale M , Brunetti N , Iacoviello M , Caldarola P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
A careful and integrated follow up after hospitalization for heart failure (HF) may represent a feasible strategy to optimize the adherence to ESC guidelines and reduce the occurrence of adverse events (mortality, re–hospitalizations).

Methods
A strict integration between hospital and local health district proximity office cardiologist through an integrated clinical data sharing software has been implemented in Apulia region, Italy, in order to optimize the management of the HF patient after an hospitalization: the PONTE (PDTA FOR INTEGRATED FOLLOW–UP TERRITORY HOSPITAL OF THE PATIENT WITH CARDIAC HEART FAILURE) (bridge) project. As until December 2021, 1200 patients with HF have been enrolled in the project, both with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Adherence to ESC HF guidelines in HFrEF patients before vs after December 2020 was compared.

Results
In the HFrEF population (56%) the mean age was 63 years, 38% were hypertensive, 15% diabetic, 40% had ischemic heart disease, 42% were previously treated with coronary angioplasty, 56% had an ICD/CRT, 22% had atrial fibrillation. Mean NYHA class was 2.2, mean LVEF 30%, mean NT–proBNP values 4027 pg/mL, mean serum creatinine 1 mg/dL, 91% were taking beta–blockers (BB), 86% mineral corticoid receptor antagonists (MRA), 98% ACE–inhibitors/angiotensin–receptor–antagonists/neprilysin and angiotensin receptor antagonists (ACE/ARB/ARNI), and 13% ARNI. Compared to patients enrolled before 2020, ARNI prescription increased in 2021 (60% vs 13%, p &lt; 0.001); in 30% ARNI were prescribed in hospital before discharge. Furthermore, in 10% of the population (most diabetics), sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been prescribed as indicated by the latest ESC 2021 guidelines.

Conclusions
The implementation the PONTE project shows an improved adherence to ESC HF guidelines.
C31 UPDATE ON SUPRA–ANNULAR SIZING OF TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE PROSTHESES IN RAPHE–TYPE BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE DISEASE ACCORDING TO THE LIRA METHOD
Authors: Iannopollo G , Romano V , Buzzatti N , Ancona M , Ferri L , Russo F , Bellini B , Montorfano M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Aims
Recent evidences have shown that transcatheter heart valve (THV) anchoring in BAV patients might occur at the raphe–level, known as the LIRA (Level of Implantation at the RAphe) plane. A novel supra–annular sizing method based on the measurement of the perimeter at the raphe–level (LIRA–method) was shown to be safe and effective in 20 consecutive BAV patients with severe aortic stenosis. The purpose of this study was to confirm the safety and the efficacy of the LIRA method in a larger study population.

Methods
the LIRA plane method was applied to all consecutive patients with raphe–type BAV disease between November 2018 to October 2021 in our centre. We prospectively sized TAVI prosthesis according to the manufacture recommendations on the basis of baseline CT scan perimeters at the LIRA plane. Post–procedural device success, defined according to Valve Academic Research Consortium–2 (VARC–2) criteria, was evaluated in the overall cohort.

Results
50 patients were identified as having a raphe–type BAV disease at pre–TAVI CT scans. Mean patient age was 80 ± 6.2 years. Three different BAV anatomies (47 patients with BAV type 1 and 3 patients with BAV type 2) were implanted with different types of TAVI prostheses (28 Acurate Neo/Neo 2, 21 Core Valve Evolut R/Pro,1 Lotus) sized prospectively according to the LIRA plane method. In all patients, there was a significant discrepancy between LIRA and virtual basal ring (VBR) (mean perimeter LIRA 73.1 ± 8.3 mm vs mean perimeter VBR 81.5 ± 6.6 mm; p &lt; 0.001). The median prosthesis size was 26 mm (23–27). Pre–dilatation was frequently performed (88%) with a median balloon size of 20 mm (20–23), whereas post–dilatation was applied in 26% of the cases with a median balloon size of 23 mm (22–24). The LIRA plane method appeared to be highly successful (100% VARC–2 device success) with no procedural mortality, no valve migration, residual trivial/mild paravalvular leak with no cases of moderate–severe regurgitation and no cases of mean gradient &gt;20 mmHg pre–discharge. The rate of new pacemaker implantation was 10%.

Conclusions
Supra–annular sizing according to the LIRA plane method confirmed to be safe with a high device success in a larger study population. The application of the LIRA plane method might optimize TAVI prosthesis sizing in patients with raphe–type BAV disease.
C43 A CASE REPORT OF A GIANT RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY ANEURYSM: ROLE OF CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Rabia G , De Rosa F , Pellinghelli G , Piscicelli C , Di Tano G 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A giant coronary aneurysm is rare entity and it is defined if the diameter is 4–fold greater the reference vessel diameter or if it is &gt; 20 mm in diameter. We report the case of a 73–years–old man without prior history of cardiac disease, admitted in Emergency Department for abdominal pain with normal ECG. Abdominal CT scan showed no pathological findings. At thoracic level it was reported a suspected pericardial cyst (75x80 mm), with partial compression of right chambers (Fig. 1). Echocardiography confirmed the presence of a giant round cystic–appearance lesion characterized by the presence of an anechoic space with internal echogenic swirling flow pattern at the level of right atrioventricular groove with mild compressive effect on right chambers. (Fig. 2). The color Doppler mode showed a faint signal, without a clear evidence of flow origin. A bubble test with agitated saline contrast medium injected through antecubital vein, shows no evidence of contrast uptake by the mass. In order to better characterize the lesion, we use echocardiographic contrast agent (SonoVue®), which showed a clear pattern of blood flow inside the mass with a probable origin at a very limited region (Fig. 2a–2b). At that level it was also possible to sample an ECG–synchronized systo–diastolic pulse–wave (PW)–Doppler pattern (peak velocity 125 cm/s), typical for a coronary artery flow. According to these echocardiographic findings, we supposed a giant right coronary aneurysm. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography with 3D reconstruction showed a giant aneurysm of the right coronary artery at mid–level, preceded by a mild aneurysm of the proximal tract and two small aneurysms of the circumflex artery and diffuse atherosclerosis diseases with significant stenosis on mid left anterior descending artery (LAD). The coronary angiography confirmed the presence of the giant aneurysm in mild tract of right coronary artery preceded by a small one in the proximal tract andthe two small aneurysm of the circumflex artery and a critical stenosis of mid tract of LAD. The patient underwent surgical treatment of the aneurysm and coronary artery bypass graft (Fig. 3). Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography is the best method for coronary artery anatomy and coronary abnormalities. In case of giant coronary abnormalities, the use of echo contrast agent provides further important information about perfusion and/or flow assessment and it helped to clarify the diagnosis.
C54 METABOLIC SYNDROME IN HEART TRANSPLANTATION: AN UNDERESTIMATED RISK FACTOR?
Authors: Ferrara V , Sponga S , Marinoni M , Valdi G , Di Nora C , Nalli C , Benedetti G , Lechiancole A , Parpinel M , Livi U 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a multifactorial condition that increases the risk of cardio–vascular events, it’s frequent in Heart transplant (HTx) candidates and worsens with immunosuppressive therapy.
Aim of the study was to analyse the impact of MS on long–term outcome of HTx patients in our centre.

Methods
MS was defined through the presence of at least 3 of the following factors: Triglyceride ≥150mg/dl or drug treatment for hypertriglyceridemia HDL &lt;40mg/dl for men and &lt;50mg/dl for women Blood glucose ≥100mg/dl or diabetes mellitus Arterial pressure ≥130/80 or hypertensive drug treatment BMI&gt;30. In 349 HTx patients since 2007, mortality and morbidity predictors were evaluated.

Results
MS was present in 35% of patients pre–HTx and 47% within the first year of follow–up. Five–year survival in patients with pre–HTx MS was worst (65% vs 78%, p &lt; 0.01), as well as in those with MS in the first year of follow–up (78% vs 89%, p &lt; 0.01). At the univariate analysis, risk factors for mortality were recipient age (HR 1.07, 1.04–1.09, p &lt; 0.01), pre–HTx MS (HR 1.86, 1.29–2.69, p &lt; 0.01), pre–HTx hypertension (HR 2.46, 1.70–3.55, p &lt; 0.01), pre–HTx hypertriglyceridemia (HR 1.50, 1.04–2.18, p = 0.03), chronic renal failure (HR 2.95, 2.03–4.27, p &lt; 0.01), MS and diabetes at 1–year follow–up (HR 2.00, 1.25–3.19, p &lt; 0.01; HR 2.02, 1.27–3.23, p &lt; 0.01, respectively). The last two resulted also risk factors for CAV (HR 1.86, 1.16–2.99, p = 0.01; HR 1.67, 1.03–2.69, p = 0.04, respectively). MS at 1–year follow–up determined a significant higher risk to develop CAV at 5– and 10–year follow–up, compared to patients without MS (25% vs 14% and 44% vs 25%, p &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
MS is an important risk factor for both mortality and morbidity post–HTx, suggesting the need for a strict monitoring of metabolic disorders with a careful nutritional follow–up in HTx patients.
C55 DAPT IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH STEMI OR VERY HIGH RISK NSTEMI: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY COMPARING TICAGRELOR VS CLOPIDOGREL
Authors: Carfora V , Mazzeo P , Tarsia G , Biscione C , Lopizzo A , Polosa D , Grippo R , Paternò G , Stabile E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome represent a growing population. The major problem in this population is the balancing of ischemic and bleeding risk. There are poor data from randomized clinical trials on the treatment of acute coronary syndrome in this population. We aim to analyze the best therapeutic strategy in this population.

Methods
We performed retrospective study at the Cardiology Department, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza.181 patients with an age ≥ 75 years with STEMI or very high risk NSTEMI were selected from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019. Exclusion criteria were anticoagulants therapy, end stage renal disease, cancer in progress and cardiogenic shock at clinical presentation. 43 patients had starter dual antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel and 76 with acetylsalicylic acid and ticagrelor. We aimed to evaluate at 12 months follow up the composite endpoints of ischemic stroke and reinfarction, stroke, bleeding events and death.

Results
At the 12–month follow–up, 15 patients died (all–cause mortality of 12.6%). There were 5 strokes (4% of population), 3 in the Clopidogrel group (6.9%) and 2 in the Ticagrelor group (2.6%) without a statistically significant difference (p 0,7463). The composite endpoint of ischemic events, stroke and reinfarction occurred in 12 patients, 6 in each group, (13.9% in the Clopidogrel group and 7.9% in the Ticagrelor group) but this difference, although indicative, is not statistically significant (p 0.2956). The only statistically significant difference occurred for BARC 2, 3 or 5 bleeding events with a significantly less events in the Clopidogrel group (4.6%) than in Ticagrelor group (18.4%) (p 0, 0345).

Conclusion
The elderly patient with STEMI or high–risk NSTEMI represent a group of patients with high ischemic risk but also high bleeding risk. The use of clopidogrel in combination with acetylsalicylic acid should be considered to reduce bleeding events without increasing ischemic events.