bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Blockchain-Based System for Agri-Food Supply Chain Traceability Management
Authors: Marchese Angelo , Tomarchio Orazio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnsuring high quality and safety of food products has become a key factor on one hand to protect and improve consumers health and, on the other one, to gain market share. For this reason, much effort in the last year has been devoted to the development of integrated and innovative Agriculture and Food (Agri-Food) supply chains management systems, which should be responsible, in addition to track and store orders and deliveries, to guarantee transparency and traceability of the food production and transformation process. In this paper, differently from traditional supply chains which are based on centralized systems, we propose a fully distributed approach, based on blockchain technology, to define a supply chain management system able to provide quality, integrity and traceability of the entire supply chain process. The proposed framework is based on the Hyperledger Fabric technology, which is a permissioned blockchain system: a prototype has been developed and, by using some use cases, we show the effectiveness of the approach.
The relationship between prices and output in the UK and the US
Authors: Caporale Guglielmo Maria , Claudio-Quiroga Gloria , Gil-Alana Luis Alberiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to provide new evidence on the relationship between prices and output in both the US and the UK (which is important to discriminate between different macroeconomic theories) by focusing on the long run. For this purpose, it applies fractional integration and long-range dependence techniques that are more general than the standard modelling approach based on the stationary I (0) versus nonstationary I (1) dichotomy which has been used in previous studies. All series appear to be highly trended and to exhibit high degrees of integration and persistence, especially in the case of CPI. Since the two variables have different degrees of integration in each of the two countries, fractional cointegration tests cannot be carried out. We assume instead weak exogeneity of each of them in turn and test for causality by regressing the other variable against lagged values of the weakly exogenous one. We find that the only significant relationship implies the existence of a lagged effect of prices on output in the case of the US, which suggests a dominant role for demand shocks.
Adsorption behaviour of molecular sieve and activated carbon for CO2 adsorption at cold temperatures
Authors: Wang Shiqing , Wang Yutong , Kuang Yue , Xu Shisen , Gao Shiwang , Liu Lianbo , Niu Hongwei , Xiao Ping , Huang Bing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAt present, insufficient works have provided insights into the application of adsorption to remove CO2 in flue gas below room temperatures under ambient pressure. In this work, the effects of temperature, CO2 partial pressure and moisture on dynamic adsorption characteristics for CO2 are conducted for various adsorbents. Based on our findings, lower the adsorbing temperature can drastically enhance the adsorption of carbon dioxide over molecular sieves and activated carbon. Among various adsorbents, 13X molecular sieve shows highest adsorption capacity. With a concentration of 10% CO2 in flue gas, the specific adsorption capacity of CO2 over 13X molecular sieve is 0.11, 2.54 and 5.38 mmol/g at 80 °C, 0 °C and − 80 °C, respectively. In addition, the partial pressure of CO2 also has a significant impact on the adsorption capacity. With the increment of the concentration of CO2 from 1% to 10% under 0 °C, the specific capacity of 13X molecular sieve increases from 1.212 mmol/g to 2.538 mmol/g. Water vapor in flue gas can not only reduce the specific adsorption capacity of CO2 due to competing adsorption, but also increase the heat penalty of molecular sieve regeneration due to the water adsorption. An overall analysis is conducted on the energy penalty of capture 1 ton CO2 at various adsorption temperatures between − 80 °C and 80 °C, considering both the heat penalty of molecular sieve regeneration as well as the energy penalty for cooling the adsorber. It is found that the lowest energy penalty is about 2.01 GJ/ton CO2 when the adsorption is conducted at 0 °C.
130 Novel Testosterone Gel Improves Aging Males' Symptoms in Patients with Late-Onset Hypogonadism: Active Control Equivalence, Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Pilot Study
Authors: Shirai M , Mizushima K , Tsuru T , Kurosawa M , Kure A , Uesaka Y , Nozaki T , Tsujimura A 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The standard treatment for late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). In Japan, testosterone enanthate intramuscular injection is recommended for LOH. But it needs regular clinic visits every 2-3 week, and it elicit pain. The 2% testosterone gel (AndroForte2®) is available for treatment LOH. Because of imported drug, AndroForte2® (AF2) is expensive. We have created a 2 % novel testosterone gel (NTG).

Objective
We hypothesized that our NTG improves Aging males' symptoms (AMS) scores, and serum testosterone in patients with LOH.

Methods
In this active control equivalence, randomized, double-blind, crossover study, it enrolled that were men with low serum free-testosterone (defined as below 11.8pg/mL), and symptoms of androgen deficiency (defined as AMS scores more than 27). The patients were randomly divided into two groups (A group, men receiving the NTG first; and B group, men receiving the AF2 first). Men with LOH received 2% AF2 for 28 days or 2% NTG for another 28 days separated by a 14-day washout period. The AMS score and serum hormonal data, and adverse events were assessed.

Results
Twenty-three patients aged 42–71 years old were enrolled in and concluded the study with no adverse events experienced. Serum testosterone and free-testosterone concentrations were significantly higher with NTG and AF2. And more, both concentrations were significantly higher in NTG than AF2. The AMS total score, physical subscore, mental subscore, and sexual subscore were significantly improved with NTG, but not significant with AF2.

Conclusions
This is the first study to show that our NTG may not be effective for improvement serum testosterone level but also for physical, mental, and sexual symptoms in patient with LOH.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
Divergent Representation of Precipitation Recycling in the Amazon and the Congo in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Baker J. C. A. , Spracklen D. V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMoisture evaporated from the land contributing to precipitation in a given area is known as precipitation recycling and needs to be accurately represented in climate models. The Amazon and Congo basins are reported to have the highest precipitation recycling rates globally, but model representation has not yet been assessed over these regions. We evaluated recycling over the Amazon and Congo in 45 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models. Regional annual means from models and reanalyzes agreed well over both basins. Models captured seasonal variation in recycling over the Congo but there was a large‐scale underestimation of recycling during the Amazon dry‐to‐wet transition season relative to ERA5, caused by models underestimating Amazon evapotranspiration and overestimating incoming wind speed and associated water vapor imports. Both regions show robust declines in precipitation recycling over the next century under future climate‐change scenarios. Our results suggest models may underestimate impacts of deforestation on regional precipitation in the Amazon.
Coastal Downwelling Intensifies Landfalling Hurricanes
Authors: Gramer Lewis J. , Zhang Jun A. , Alaka Ghassan , Hazelton Andrew , Gopalakrishnan Sundararaman 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study demonstrates a link between coastal downwelling and tropical cyclone (TC) intensification. We show that coastal downwelling increases air‐sea enthalpy (heat, moisture) fluxes ahead of TCs as they approach land, creating conditions conducive to intensification even in the presence of typically inhibiting factors like strong vertical wind shear. The study uses a coupled TC model (HWRF‐B) and buoy observations to demonstrate that coastal downwelling developed as three TCs in 2020 approached land. Results show downwelling maintained warmer sea‐surface temperatures over the ocean shelf, enhancing air‐sea temperature/humidity contrasts. We found that in such cases resulting air‐sea enthalpy fluxes can replenish the boundary‐layer even when cool, dry air intrudes, as in sheared storms and storms approaching continental land‐masses. The resulting warm, moist air is advected into the TC inner core, enhancing convective development, thus providing energy for TC intensification. These results indicate coastal downwelling can be important in forecasting TC intensity change before landfall.
Southeastern Tibetan Plateau Growth Revealed by Inverse Analysis of Landscape Evolution Model
Authors: Yuan X. P. , Jiao R. , Dupont‐Nivet G. , Shen X. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Cenozoic history of the Tibetan Plateau topography is critical for understanding the evolution of the Indian‐Eurasian collision, climate, and biodiversity. However, the long‐term growth and landscape evolution of the Tibetan Plateau remain ambiguous, it remains unclear if plateau uplift occurred soon after the India‐Asia collision in the Paleogene (∼50–25 Ma) or later in the Neogene (∼20–5 Ma). Here, we reproduce the uplift history of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau using a 2D landscape evolution model, which simultaneously solves fluvial erosion and sediment transport processes in the drainage basins of the Three Rivers region (Yangtze, Mekong, and Salween Rivers). Our model was optimized through a formal inverse analysis with 20,000 forward simulations, which aims to reconcile the transient states of the present‐day river profiles. The results, compared to existing paleoelevation and thermochronologic data, suggest initially low elevations (∼300–500 m) during the Paleogene, followed by a gradual southeastward propagation of topographic uplift of the plateau margin.
First Record of Oceanic Anoxic Event 1d at Southern High Latitudes: Sedimentary and Geochemical Evidence From International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 369
Authors: Fan Qingchao , Xu Zhaokai , MacLeod Kenneth G. , Brumsack Hans‐Jürgen , Li Tiegang , Chang Fengming , Wan Shiming , Riquier Laurent , Fu Delong , Luan Zhendong , Duan Baichuan , Chen Hongjin , Wang Wei , Lim Dhongil 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOceanic anoxic event 1d (OAE 1d) has been well studied at northern low latitudes (i.e., in Tethys and the North Atlantic); however, the paleoenvironmental response to this event at high latitudes has not been documented and the triggering mechanism remains unknown. Here, we address both of these shortcomings by presenting the first detailed sedimentary and multi‐proxy geochemical record of the OAE 1d at southern high latitudes (60–62°S), obtained from sediments using Site U1513, IODP Expedition 369. Biostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic data support correlation of the interval studied with OAE 1d, and the sedimentary mercury proxy reveals that at least at Site U1513, OAE 1d is associated with the Central Kerguelen large igneous province volcanism. Furthermore, the significant increase in continental runoff and consequent terrigenous input from southwestern Australia in the southeastern proto‐India Ocean might have resulted in regionally weakened bottom‐water oxygenation and strengthened organic matter burial during OAE 1d.
Constraining the Earth's Dynamical Ellipticity From Ice Age Dynamics
Authors: Farhat Mohammad , Laskar Jacques , Boué Gwenaël 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe dynamical ellipticity of a planet expresses the departure of its mass distribution from spherical symmetry. It enters as a parameter in the description of a planet's precession and nutation, as well as other rotational normal modes. In the case of the Earth, uncertainties in this quantity's history produce an uncertainty in the solutions for the past evolution of the Earth‐Moon system. Constraining this history has been a target of interdisciplinary efforts as it represents an astro‐geodetic parameter whose variation is shaped by geophysical processes, and whose imprints can be found in the geological signal. We revisit the classical problem of its variation during ice ages, where glacial cycles exerted a varying surface loading that had altered the shape of the geoid. In the framework of glacial isostatic adjustment, and with the help of a recent paleoclimatic proxy of ice volume, we present the evolution of the dynamical ellipticity over the Cenozoic ice ages. We map out the problem in full generality identifying major sensitivities to surface loading and internal variations in parameter space. This constrained evolution is aimed to be used in future astronomical computations of the orbital and insolation quantities of the Earth.
A Mechanistic Model for Mud Flocculation in Freshwater Rivers
Authors: Nghiem Justin A. , Fischer Woodward W. , Li Gen K. , Lamb Michael P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe transport and deposition of mud in rivers are key processes in fluvial geomorphology and biogeochemical cycles. Recent work indicates that flocculation might regulate fluvial mud transport by increasing mud settling velocities, but we lack a calibrated mechanistic model for flocculation in freshwater rivers. Here, we developed and calibrated a semi‐empirical model for floc diameter and settling velocity in rivers. We compiled a global data set of river suspended sediment concentration‐depth profiles and inverted them for in situ settling velocity using the Rouse‐Vanoni equation. On average, clay and silt (diameters <39 μm) are flocculated with settling velocity of 1.8 mm s−1 and floc diameter of 130 μm. Among model variables, Kolmogorov microscale has the strongest positive correlation with floc diameter, supporting the idea that turbulent shear limits floc size. Sediment Al/Si (a mineralogy proxy) has the strongest negative correlation with floc diameter and settling velocity, indicating the importance of clay abundance and composition for flocculation. Floc settling velocity increases with greater mud and organic matter concentrations, consistent with flocculation driven by particle collisions and binding by organic matter which is often concentrated in mud. Relative charge density (a salinity proxy) correlates with smaller floc settling velocities, a finding that might reflect the primary particle size distribution and physical hosting of organic matter. The calibrated model explains river floc settling velocity data within a factor of about two. Results highlight that flocculation can impact the fate of mud and particulate organic carbon, holding implications for global biogeochemical cycles.
Sediment Residence Times in Large Rivers Quantified Using a Cosmogenic Nuclides Based Transport Model and Implications for Buffering of Continental Erosion Signals
Authors: Ben‐Israel Michal , Armon Moshe , ASTER Team  , Matmon Ari 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe weathering of continental surfaces and the transport of sediments via rivers into the oceans is an integral part of the dynamic processes that shape the Earth's surface. To understand how tectonic and climatic forcings control regional rates of weathering, we must be able to identify their effects on sedimentary archives over geologic timescales. Cosmogenic nuclides are a valuable tool to study rates of surface processes and have long been applied in fluvial systems to quantify basin‐wide erosion rates. However, in large rivers, continual processes of erosion and deposition during sediment transport make it difficult to constrain how long sediments spend within the fluvial system. In this study, we examine the role of rivers in buffering erosional signals by constraining the timescales of fluvial transport in large rivers across the world. We apply a stochastic numerical model based on measurements of cosmogenic nuclides concentrations and calculate sediment residence times of 104–105 years in large rivers. These timescales are equal to or longer than climatic cycles, implying that changes to rates of erosion brought on by climatic variations are buffered during transport in large rivers and may not be recognizable in the sedimentary record.
Magnetostratigraphy of Abyssal Deposits in the Central Philippine Sea and Regional Sedimentary Dynamics During the Quaternary
Authors: Yi Liang , Hu Bangqi , Zhao Jingtao , Jiang Xingyu , Shu Yeqiang , Wang Xingxing , Guo Jianwei , Wang Feifei , Ding Xue , Liu Geng , Chen Weiwei , Li Yibing , Deng Chenglong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Philippine Sea is a typical region of aeolian dust reposition and is located within the Western Pacific Warm Pool. Here, we use the paleomagnetic stratigraphy and the grain‐size distributions of Quaternary abyssal deposits in the Central Philippine Sea to investigate the factors controlling regional sedimentary and paleoenvironmental changes. Our principal results are as follows: (a) A reliable geochronologic framework for Quaternary sediments in the Central Philippine Sea is established. (b) An eastward expansion of the regional depocenter in the Middle Pleistocene is observed. (c) The mean grain size of the abyssal sediments is 7–8 µm, and there are only minor differences between the sites. Comparison of the geochronological framework with various paleoenvironmental events during the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition shows that sedimentary processes can be correlated to a major transition in global climate which affected regions from the Asian interior to the tropical Pacific, and that changes in aeolian sedimentation are likely the predominant factor responsible. A derived grain‐size proxy of the sedimentary dynamics and its comparison with various paleoenvironmental proxies show that the relative contributions are roughly estimated as 23%, 9%, and 68% for aeolian inputs, oceanic circulation, and the tropical Pacific zonal SST gradient, respectively, in the studied region. The relative importance of tropical processes in abyssal sedimentary dynamics highlights the possibility of the long‐term influence of (sub)mesoscale eddies in the upper ocean, via regional upwelling and unique submarine topography, on the deepest part (>5,000 m) of the Central Philippine Sea, from meteorological to geological timescales.
Reconstruction of Chemical Weathering Intensity and Asian Summer Monsoon Evolution in the Red River Basin Over the Past 36 kyr
Authors: Li Mingkun , Ouyang Tingping , Zhu Zhaoyu , Tian Chengjing , Peng Shasha , Zhong Hexian , Peng Xuechao , Qiu Yan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Red River is located at the intersection of the Indian and East Asian monsoons. Understanding the evolution history of the monsoon in the Red River basin helps to comprehend the evolution of Asian Summer Monsoon. Herein, we present the high‐resolution major elements and Sr‐Nd isotopic ratios of the terrigenous sediment component for a well‐dated core retrieved from the northern South China Sea slope, aiming to identify the sediment provenance and reconstruct the silicate chemical weathering intensity since the past 36 kyr. The Red River was confirmed as the major sediment source through Sr‐Nd isotopic ratios. The silicate chemical weathering was affected by the rapid changes of sea level and monsoon, and thus it is difficult to indicate the regional paleoenvironment by the weathering degree. The principal component 1 composed of TFe2O3, Al2O3, K2O and MgO was shown to represent the fine‐grained sediment discharge, and employed as a proxy for the summer monsoon rainfall. Global cooling events/stages were identified through the proxies, including the Last Glacial Maximum, Heinrich events, Younger Dryas, and 8.2 ka, as well as the enhanced summer monsoon stages, including the Bølling/Allerød and early Holocene. Based on the comparison with the neighboring paleoclimate indicators, the region summer monsoon of the Red River basin was found to be governed by the Indian summer monsoon, and the summer insolation at low latitudes might be the primary forcing force on the orbital scale.
Domestic Groundwater Depletion Supports China's Full Supply Chains
Authors: Sun Siao , Tang Qiuhong , Konar Megan , Huang Zhongwei , Gleeson Tom , Ma Ting , Fang Chuanglin , Cai Ximing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGroundwater use underpins much economic production. The unsustainable use of groundwater threatens environmental flows in surface waters, sustainable development, and future food security. The connection between agricultural trade and groundwater depletion has been recently highlighted, but how groundwater depletion supports the production of industrial and tertiary goods, trade, and consumption remains less well understood. Here, we present the first analysis of groundwater use and depletion embedded in the complete supply chain of China (including primary, secondary, and tertiary products). We use a multiregion input‐output analysis coupled with the high‐resolution groundwater use modeling to track groundwater depletion from production to end consumer. Our modeling results show that groundwater depletion occurred primarily in water scarce North China for agricultural production, but the depleted resource was then incorporated throughout the supply chain and dispersed across Chinese and international consumers. ∼64 billion m3 yr−1 (±1 billion m3 yr−1) groundwater was depleted in China, in which more than a half was from Xinjiang, Hebei, Henan and Heilongjiang Provinces. Approximately 40% of the groundwater depletion can be traced to interprovincial transfer (21 billion m3 yr−1) and export (4.8 billion m3 yr−1). The hot spots for final consumption of groundwater depletion were major cities in both North and South China. Importantly, over 60% of the groundwater depletion was embodied in industrial and tertiary products for final consumption, highlighting the importance of tracing groundwater through the full economy. Groundwater depletion represents a long‐term risk to supply chains, and policy‐makers can use this understanding to sustainably manage groundwater and diversify supply chains.
Impacts of Heterogeneity on Aquifer Storage and Recovery in Saline Aquifers
Authors: Li Hongkai , Lu Chunhui , Werner Adrian D. , Irvine Dylan J. , Luo Jian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAquifer storage and recovery (ASR) involves the injection, and later extraction, of freshwater into aquifers, which often contain saline groundwater. Mixing between the fresh injectant and native saltwater often leads to part of the injectant becoming unrecoverable, thereby impacting ASR performance. This study explores freshwater‐saltwater mixing within ASR operations arising from aquifer heterogeneity using Monte Carlo analysis of 2D‐axisymmetric, density‐dependent flow and transport models. Logarithmic hydraulic conductivity (lnK) distributions are generated using either two‐point statistics or higher‐order connectivity features. Results show that higher variance in lnK leads to stronger freshwater‐saltwater mixing, which lowers the recovery efficiency (RE; i.e., ratio of extracted to injected freshwater). On average, the lowest RE values were obtained from lnK fields with connected high‐K features, across all ASR cycles. In contrast, RE values from lnK fields with connected low‐K features were typically the highest, at least where buoyancy was considered. The impact of aquifer heterogeneity on RE reduces with subsequent ASR cycles. Buoyancy was a major factor in lowering RE regardless of the adopted heterogeneity model. Heterogeneity tended to mitigate the adverse impacts of buoyancy, leading to some heterogeneous cases having higher RE values than the corresponding homogeneous case. These results highlight the importance of understanding buoyancy effects and subsurface heterogeneity (including the connectivity of geological structures), and interrelationships thereof when assessing the feasibility of multi‐cycle ASR in heterogeneous saline aquifers.