bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy is a useful tool for multi‐perspective psychobiological study of neurophysiological correlates of parenting behaviour
Authors: Russo Carmela , Senese Vincenzo Paolo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe quality of the relationship between caregiver and child has long‐term effects on the cognitive and socio‐emotional development of children. A process involved in human parenting is the bio‐behavioural synchrony that occurs between the partners in the relationship during interaction. Through interaction, bio‐behavioural synchronicity allows the adaptation of the physiological systems of the parent to those of the child and promotes the positive development and modelling of the child's social brain. The role of bio‐behavioural synchrony in building social bonds could be investigated using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In this paper we have (a) highlighted the importance of the quality of the caregiver‐child relationship for the child's cognitive and socio‐emotional development, as well as the relevance of infantile stimuli in the activation of parenting behaviour; (b) discussed the tools used in the study of the neurophysiological substrates of the parental response; (c) proposed fNIRS as a particularly suitable tool for the study of parental responses; and (d) underlined the need for a multi‐systemic psychobiological approach to understand the mechanisms that regulate caregiver‐child interactions and their bio‐behavioural synchrony. We propose to adopt a multi‐system psychobiological approach to the study of parental behaviour and social interaction.
Ocular penetration of oral acetaminophen in horses
Authors: Peraza Jacky , Hector Rachel C. , Lee Sera , Terhaar Hannah M. , Knych Heather K. , Wotman Kathryn L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcetaminophen (paracetamol) is increasingly used to treat painful conditions in horses but its ocular penetration has not been studied.ObjectivesTo determine whether orally administered acetaminophen penetrates the aqueous humour of the normal equine eye and report an aqueous humour:serum acetaminophen concentration ratio in horses.Study designIn vivo experiment.MethodsSix privately owned horses with normal ophthalmic examinations weighing 568 ± 65 kg (mean ± standard deviation) and aged 11 ± 4 years were given 20 mg/kg acetaminophen orally every 12 h for a total of six doses. Physical exam parameters were recorded prior to, during, and after the dosing period. One hour after the final dose, horses were sedated and simultaneous aqueous humour and serum samples were collected and analysed for acetaminophen concentrations and selected eicosanoids. An aqueous humour:serum acetaminophen concentration ratio was calculated. A second aqueous humour sample was taken and analysed for eicosanoid concentrations 3 months after acetaminophen dosing. Physical exam data were compared between time points using a mixed model analysis (significancep < 0.05).ResultsAcetaminophen was detected in both serum and aqueous humour of all horses and mean ± standard deviation aqueous humour:serum acetaminophen concentration ratio was 44.9 ± 15.9%. No significant changes in physical exam parameters occurred during or after dosing. Eicosanoids were not detected in aqueous humour at any sampling point.Main limitationsPresence of acetaminophen in the aqueous humour may not relate to clinical effect. A therapeutic level of acetaminophen has not been determined in horses, and the absence of ocular inflammation does not reflect conditions in which acetaminophen may be used.ConclusionsAcetaminophen readily penetrates the aqueous humour of the normal equine eye after consecutive oral dosing. Further study is required to determine whether acetaminophen is useful in the treatment of ocular pain and inflammation.
‘it was that … specialist … that finally listened to us … that's probably a weird answer to what you were expecting’: Clinician and carer perspectives on brilliant feeding care
Authors: Dadich Ann , Kaplun Simone , Kaplun Cathy , Hopwood Nick , Elliot Christopher 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo extend research on positive aspects of health care, this article focusses on health care for children who tube‐feed—this is because knowledge about tube‐feeding for children is limited and fragmented. This is achieved by consulting with clinicians and carers who supported children who tube‐feed to clarify their understandings of and experiences with brilliant feeding care.MethodsNine clinicians and nine carers who supported children who tube‐fed were interviewed. The interview transcripts were analysed thematically.ResultsFindings highlighted several features of brilliant feeding care—namely: practices that go above and beyond; attentiveness; empowerment; being ‘on the same page’; hopefulness and normalcy.ConclusionsThese findings show that seemingly trivial or small acts of care can make a significant meaningful difference to carers of children who tube‐feed. Such accounts elucidate brilliant care as grounded in feasible, everyday actions, within clinicians' reach. The implications associated with these findings are threefold. First, the findings highlight the need for clinicians to listen, be attuned and committed to the well‐being of children who tube‐feed and their carers, share decision‐making, source resources, and instil hope. Second, the findings suggest that carers should seek out and acknowledge clinicians who listen, involve them in decision‐making processes, and continue to source the resources required to optimize child and carer well‐being. Third, the findings point to the need for research to clarify the models of care that foster brilliant feeding care, and the conditions required to introduce and sustain these models.Patient or Public ContributionAll of the carers and clinicians who contributed to this study were invited to participate in a workshop to discuss, critique, and sense‐check the findings. Three carers and one clinician accepted this invitation. Collectively, they indicated that the findings resonated with them, and they agreed with the themes, which they indicated were well‐substantiated by the data.
Pathology of neoadjuvant therapy and immunotherapy testing for breast cancer
Authors: Provenzano Elena , Shaaban Abeer M 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has become the standard of care for high‐risk breast cancer, including triple‐negative (TNBC) and HER2‐positive disease. As a result, handling and reporting of breast specimens post‐NACT is part of routine practice, and it is important for pathologists to recognise the changes in tumour cells, tumour‐associated stroma and background breast tissue induced by NACT. Familiarity with characteristic stromal features enables identification of the pre‐treatment tumour site and allows confident diagnosis of pathological complete response (pCR) which is important for decisions concerning adjuvant therapy. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NAET) is used less frequently than NACT; however, the SARS‐COVID‐19 pandemic has changed practice, with increased use as bridging therapy if surgery is delayed. NAET also induces characteristic changes in the tumour and stroma. Changes in the tumour microenvironment following NACT and NAET are also described. Immunotherapy is approved for use in advanced TNBC, and there are several trials exploring its role in early TNBC in the neoadjuvant setting. The current biomarker to determine eligibility for treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors is programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) immunohistochemistry; however, this is complicated by lack of standardisation with different drugs linked to tests using different antibodies with different scoring systems. The situation in the neoadjuvant setting is further complicated by improved pCR rates for PD‐L1‐positive tumours in both immune therapy and placebo arms. Alternative biomarkers are urgently needed to identify which patients will derive benefit from immunotherapy and key candidates are discussed.
Current knowledge on the early stages of human neutropoiesis
Authors: Calzetti Federica , Finotti Giulia , Cassatella Marco A. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryPolymorphonuclear neutrophils are no longer considered as a homogeneous population of terminally differentiated and short‐lived cells that belong to the innate immune system only. In fact, data from the past decades have uncovered that neutrophils exhibit large phenotypic heterogeneity and functional versatility that render them more plastic than previously thought. Hence, their precise role as effector cells in inflammation, in immune response and in other pathophysiological processes, including tumors, needs to be better evaluated. In such a complex scenario, common knowledge of the differentiation of neutrophils in bone marrow refers to lineage precursors, starting from the still poorly defined myeloblasts, and proceeding sequentially to promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, band cells, segmented neutrophils, and mature neutrophils, with each progenitor stage being more mature and better characterized. Thanks to the development and utilization of cutting‐edge technologies, novel information about neutrophil precursors at stages earlier than the promyelocytes, hence closer to the hematopoietic stem cells, is emerging. Accordingly, this review discusses the main findings related to the very early precursors of human neutrophils and provides our perspectives on human neutropoiesis.
David and Solomon
Authors: van Saane Wilbert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile the ministry of cross‐cultural, long‐term missionaries was at the heart of the work and reflection of the International Missionary Council (IMC), the meetings of its successor, the Commission on World Mission and Evangelism, paid much less attention to the role of missionaries and even fell virtually silent on it for some decades. This article traces the shift in the perception of missionaries in the ecumenical movement in the era of decolonization, especially in the 1950s and early 1960s. It contends that with the bathwater of colonial ecclesiastical domination, the baby – the cross‐cultural missionary – was also thrown out. At the Ghana assembly of the IMC, one delegate compared the missionary societies to David and the local churches to Solomon and argued that the time had come for David to give way to Solomon. While many in the ecumenical movement were inclined to go along with this idea, the voluntary principle that had fuelled the Protestant missionary movement of the 19th and early 20th centuries could not be quelled. Missionaries continued to be sent, often outside the mainstream ecclesiastical bodies, and increasingly from countries in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. This article ends with a plea for fresh ecumenical reflection on the role of missionaries in churches and missions. The illustrations are drawn from the context of the Middle East, where mainstream Protestant missionaries helped birth the ecumenical movement but steadily decreased in number over the course of the 20th century. As elsewhere, new waves of non‐mainstream and non‐Western Protestant missionaries have come to the Middle East, a development that necessitates renewed ecumenical reflection and new forms of cooperation.
Pre‐ and post‐copulatory sexual selection increase offspring quality but impose survival costs to female field crickets
Authors: Matzke Magdalena , Rossi Aurora , Tuni Cristina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhether sexual selection increases or decreases fitness is under ongoing debate. Sexual selection operates before and after mating. Yet, the effects of each episode of selection on individual reproductive success remain largely unexplored. We ask how disentangled pre‐ and post‐copulatory sexual selection contribute to fitness of field cricketsGryllus bimaculatus.Treatments allowed exclusively for (i) pre‐copulatory selection, with males fighting and courting one female, and the resulting pair breeding monogamously, (ii) post‐copulatory selection, with females mating consecutively to multiple males and (iii) relaxed selection, with enforced pair monogamy. While standardizing the number of matings, we estimated a number of fitness traits across treatments and show that females experiencing sexual selection were more likely to reproduce, their offspring hatched sooner, developed faster and had higher body mass at adulthood, but females suffered survival costs. Interestingly, we found no differences in fitness of females or their offspring from pre‐ and post‐copulatory sexual selection treatments. Our findings highlight the potential for sexual selection in enhancing indirect female fitness while concurrently imposing direct survival costs. By potentially outweighing these costs, increased offspring quality could lead to beneficial population‐level consequences of sexual selection.
Sexual Health and Integrative Pleasure (SHIP) Model: Using a clinical case example to guide assessment and treatment
Authors: Girard Abby , Newstrom Nicholas P. , Connor Jennifer , Arenella Katherine , Vencill Jennifer , Robinson Beatrice “Bean” 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis manuscript presents a conceptual model—the Sexual Health and Integrative Pleasure (SHIP) Model—for the clinical assessment and intervention of sexual health concerns. The model was developed by a group of couple/marital family therapy and psychologists who specialize in the treatment of sexual problems. The model consists of five philosophical foundations (systems framework, intersectionality, biopsychosocial model, lifespan approach, and empiricism) and five core therapeutic components (sexual literacy, sexual adaptation and resilience, relational intimacy, pleasure‐oriented positive sexuality, and multidisciplinary care). We define each foundation and component, and compare and contrast the SHIP model with other existing sexual health models. Finally, we demonstrate how the SHIP model was used to provide individual and couple therapy with a cis/heterosexual couple in a university‐based sexual health clinic and make recommendations for additional clinical applications of the model.
MRI‐based strain measurements reflect morphological changes following myocardial infarction: A study on the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Mansell Doyin S. , Sammut Eva , Bruno Vito D. , Ascione Raimondo , Rodrigues Jonathan C. L. , Gill Harinderjit S. , Fraser Katharine H. , Cookson Andrew N. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn a porcine experimental model of myocardial infarction, a localised, layer‐specific, circumferential left ventricular strain metric has been shown to indicate chronic changes in ventricular function post‐infarction more strongly than ejection fraction. This novel strain metric might therefore provide useful prognostic information clinically. In this study, existing clinical volume indices, global strains, and the novel, layer‐specific strain were calculated for a large human cohort to assess variations in ventricular function and morphology with age, sex, and health status. Imaging and health data from the UK Biobank were obtained, including healthy volunteers and those with a history of cardiovascular illness. In total, 710 individuals were analysed and stratified by age, sex and health. Significant differences in all strain metrics were found between healthy and unhealthy populations, as well as between males and females. Significant differences in basal circumferential strain and global circumferential strain were found between healthy males and females, with males having smaller absolute values for both (all 0.001). There were significant differences in the functional variables left ventricular ejection fraction, end‐systolic volume, end‐systolic volume index and mid‐ventricular circumferential strain between healthy and unhealthy male cohorts aged 65–74 (all 0.001). These results suggest that whilst regional circumferential strains may be useful clinically for assessing cardiovascular health, care must be taken to ensure critical values are indexed correctly to age and sex, due to the differences in these values observed here.
Inner workings of the alligator ankle reveal the mechanistic origins of archosaur locomotor diversity
Authors: Turner Morgan L. , Gatesy Stephen M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMajor transformations in the locomotor system of archosaurs (a major clade of reptiles including birds, crocodiles, dinosaurs, and pterosaurs) were accompanied by significant modifications to ankle anatomy. How the evolution of such a complex multi‐joint structure is related to shifts in ankle function and locomotor diversity across this clade remains unclear and weakly grounded in extant experimental data. Here, we used X‐ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology to reconstruct skeletal motion and quantify the sources of three‐dimensional ankle mobility in the American alligator, a species that retains the ancestral archosaur ankle structure. We then applied the observed relationships between joint excursion and locomotor behaviors to predict ankle function in extinct archosaurs. High‐resolution reconstructions ofAlligatorskeletal movement revealed previously unseen regionalized coordination among joints responsible for overall ankle rotation. Differences in joint contributions between maneuvers and steady walking parallel transitions in mobility inferred from the ankle structure of fossil taxa in lineages with more erect hind limb postures. Key ankle structures related to ankle mobility were identified in the alligator, which permitted the characterization of ancestral archosaur ankle function. Modifications of these structures provide morphological evidence for functional convergence among sublineages of bird‐line and crocodylian‐line archosaurs. Using the dynamic insight into the internal sources ofAlligatorankle mobility and trends among locomotor modes, we trace anatomical shifts and propose a mechanistic hypothesis for the evolution of ankle structure and function across Archosauria.
Iran's Trade with Neighbors: Sanctions’ Impact and the Alternatives
Authors: Zweiri Mahjoob , Abusharar Nael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article investigates whether sanctions have changed or influenced Iran's trade patterns, focusing on neighboring countries. The study concentrates first on the United Arab Emirates (UAE), considered Iran's main regional partner. We hypothesize that the sanctions should have had a negative impact on Iran's trade with the UAE, as the latter cooperated with US policies toward the Islamic Republic. By contrast, sanctions were likely to positively influence its trade with Qatar. Indeed, the research shows that Iranian trade with Qatar increased significantly after 2017, while its trade with the UAE declined as a result of the measures adopted toward Iranian businesses in Dubai. However, the results also indicate that despite the UAE's anti‐Iranian stance, the country still constitutes a major trading partner for the Islamic Republic, which is trying to mitigate the paralyzing impact of sanctions by developing trade relations with Qatar and other countries, such as Turkey.
A reduced role for water transport during the Cenozoic evolution of epiphytic Eupolypod ferns
Authors: Pittermann Jarmila , Baer Alex , Campany Courtney , Jansen Steven , Holmlund Helen , Schuettpelz Eric , Mehltreter Klaus , Watkins James E. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The Cretaceous–Cenozoic expansion of tropical forests created canopy space that was subsequently occupied by diverse epiphytic communities including Eupolypod ferns. Eupolypods proliferated in this more stressful niche, where lower competition enabled the adaptive radiation of thousands of species. Here, we examine whether xylem traits helped shape the Cenozoic radiation of Eupolypod ferns.
We characterized the petiole xylem anatomy of 39 species belonging to the Eupolypod I and Eupolypod II clades occupying the epiphytic, hemiepiphytic, and terrestrial niche, and we assessed vulnerability to embolism in a subset of species.
The transition to the canopy was associated with reduced xylem content and smaller tracheid diameters, but no differences were found in species vulnerability to embolism and pit membrane thickness. Phylogenetic analyses support selection for traits associated with reduced water transport in Eupolypod 1 species.
We posit that in Eupolypod epiphytes, selection favored water retention via thicker leaves and lower stomatal density over higher rates of water transport. Consequently, lower leaf water loss was coupled with smaller quantities of xylem and narrower tracheid diameters. Traits associated with water conservation were evident in terrestrial Eupolypod 1 ferns and may have predisposed this clade toward radiation in the canopy.
Short‐term Clinical Outcome of Dual Plate Fixation in the Treatment of Proximal Humerus Fractures with Calcar Comminution
Authors: Liu Junyang , Cui Peng , Wu Xiaoming , Han Lei , Wang Guangyu , Dong Jingming 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveCalcar comminution has been considered to be the main cause of the failure of internal fixation and fracture nonunion in proximal humerus surgery. Anatomical reduction and increasing the strength of internal fixation is the key to success. The purpose of this study was to investigate the short‐term clinical effect of dual plate fixation in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures with calcar comminution.MethodsThe data of 37 patients with proximal humeral fractures with calcar comminution, treated in our departments from July 2018 to April 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were treated with anterior plate and lateral PHILOS plate, and followed up for more than 12 months, including 25 cases in Tianjin Hospital and 12 cases in Shanghai General Hospital. The patients included 12 males and 25 females, their age was 54.89 ± 13.59 years (range from 32–79 years), and 21 patients had dominant hand injury. According to the Neer classification, there were 11 two‐part fractures, 22 three‐part fractures, and four four‐part fractures. The range of motion of the shoulder joint, visual analog scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score (ASES), Constant–Murley shoulder score, neck‐shaft angle, anterior–posterior angle, and other complication scores were recorded at the last follow‐up.ResultsAll 37 patients were followed up after operation, and the follow‐up time was 21.81 ± 7.35 months (range from 12–36 months). The fractures of all 37 patients had healed at the last follow‐up visit. The neck‐shaft angle measured immediately after operation was 132.59° ± 8.34°, and the neck‐shaft angle measured at the last follow‐up visit was 132.38 ± 8.53°. The anterior–posterior angle measured immediately after surgery was 3.45° ± 0.81°, and the anterior–posterior angle at the last follow‐up visit was 3.66° ± 0.77°. The range of motion of the shoulder joint was as follows: the shoulder joint could be forward elevated by 158.11° ± 13.09° (range: 140°–180°), rotated externally by 38.38° ± 7.55° (range: 20°–45°), and internally rotated to T4‐L4 level. The VAS score was 0.46 ± 0.87 (range: 0–3), the ASES was 86.58 ± 8.79 (range: 56.7–100), and the Constant–Murley score was 88.76 ± 8.25 (range: 60–100). Thirty‐three cases were excellent, and four cases were good. No obvious complications occurred.ConclusionThe combination of anterior plate and lateral PHILOS plate in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures with calcar comminution can achieve stable fixation, and the postoperative clinical and imaging outcome was satisfactory. Firstly, the anterior plate can provide temporary stability when the Kirschner wires are removed, which can provide space for lateral plate placement during fracture reduction and fixation. Secondly, additional support by the anterior plate can provide higher stability in complex fractures with calcar comminution.