bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review on the release mechanism and debittering technology of bitter peptides from protein hydrolysates
Authors: Liu Boye , Li Nana , Chen Fusheng , Zhang Jingsi , Sun Xiaorui , Xu Lei , Fang Fang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent scientific evidence indicates that protein hydrolysates contain bioactive peptides that have potential benefits for human health. However, the bitter‐tasting hydrophobic peptides in protein hydrolysates negatively affect the sensory quality of resulting products and limit their utilization in food and pharmaceutical industries. The approaches to reduce, mask, and remove bitter taste from protein hydrolysates have been extensively reported. This review paper focuses on the advances in the knowledge regarding the structure–bitterness relationship of peptides, the release mechanism of bitter peptides, and the debittering methods for protein hydrolysates. Bitter tastes generating with enzymatic hydrolysis of protein is influenced by the type, concentration, and bitter taste threshold of bitterness peptides. A “bell‐shaped curve” is used to describe the relationship between the bitterness intensity of the hydrolysates and the degree of hydrolysis. The bitter receptor perceives bitter potencies of bitter peptides by the hydrophobicity recognition zone. The intensity of bitterness is influenced by hydrophobic and electronic properties of amino acids and the critical spatial structure of peptides. Compared to physicochemical debittering (i.e., selective separation, masking of bitter taste, encapsulation, Maillard reaction, and encapsulation) and other biological debittering (i.e., enzymatic hydrolysis, enzymatic deamidation, plastein reaction), enzymatic hydrolysis is a promising debittering approach as it combines protein hydrolyzation and debittering into a one‐step process, but more work should be done to advance the knowledge on debittering mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis and screening of suitable proteases. Further study can focus on combining physicochemical and biological approaches to achieve high debittering efficiency and produce high‐quality products.
A fatal case involving the highest ever reported 4‐CMC concentration
Authors: Tusiewicz Kaja , Chłopaś‐Konowałek Agnieszka , Wachełko Olga , Zawadzki Marcin , Szpot Paweł 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSynthetic cathinones comprise a large amount of substances present on the dark market, which creates an undeniably worldwide problem and still is posing a threat. A 22‐year‐old man was brought to the Emergency Room from a party, where he had ingested orally 20 g of mephedrone. The man exhibited a disorder of consciousness with no logical verbal contact and dilated pupils. Moreover, a metabolic acidosis was present. The patient died after an hour from an admission to the ER. Blood and vitreous humor collected during an autopsy were analyzed with the use of an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS) with the use of C18 column in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Both biological specimens were prepared using liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) with the use of ethyl acetate and 0.5 M ammonium carbonate water solution (pH 9). The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method was 0.5 ng/ml in both matrices; precision and accuracy values did not exceed ±15%. Recovery of the method was in the range of 86.1%–102.7%. Determined concentrations of 4‐CMC were 8542 and 9874 ng/ml in blood and vitreous humor, respectively. Other substances present in both biological materials were: atropine, diazepam, lidocaine, and its metabolite norlidocaine, as well as methcathinone and ethyl alcohol. The concentration presented in here described case is the highest ever reported 4‐CMC concentration. Important aspect is also receiving other NPS by recreational users than intended, which lead to accidental poisoning (in presented case user assumed 4‐CMC was 4‐MMC).
Measuring occupational stress in emergency departments
Authors: McCormick Ellyse , Devine Susan , Crilly Julia , Brough Paula , Greenslade Jaimi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveEDs are highly demanding workplaces generating considerable potential for occupational stress experiences. Previous research has been limited by a focus on specific aspects of the working environment and studies focussing on a range of variables are needed. The aim of the present study was to describe the perceptions of occupational stress and coping strategies of ED nurses and doctors and the differences between these two groups.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted at a public metropolitan hospital ED in Queensland, Australia. All ED nurses and doctors were invited to participate in an electronic survey containing 13 survey measures and one qualitative question assessing occupational stress and coping experiences. Descriptive statistics were employed to report stressors. Responses to open‐ended questions were thematically analysed.ResultsOverall, 104 nurses and 35 doctors responded (55.6% response rate). Nurses reported higher levels of both stress and burnout than doctors. They also reported lower work satisfaction, work engagement, and leadership support than doctors. Compared with doctors, nurses reported significantly higher stress from heavy workload/poor skill mix, high acuity patients, environmental concerns, and inability to provide optimal care. Thematic analysis identified high workload and limited leadership and management support as factors contributing to stress. Coping mechanisms, such as building personal resilience, were most frequently reported.ConclusionsThe present study found organisational stressors adversely impact the well‐being of ED nurses and doctors. Organisational‐focused interventions including leadership development, strategic recruitment, adequate staffing and resources may mitigate occupational stress and complement individual coping strategies. Expanding this research to understand broader perspectives and especially the impact of COVID‐19 upon ED workers is recommended.
Optimization of fermentation conditions of synbiotic legume‐based beverages and study of their antimicrobial and proteolytic activity
Authors: Chaturvedi Smriti , Chakraborty Snehasis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe objective of the present work is to optimize fermentation conditions for a set of three legume‐based synbiotic beverages made from green mung and red kidney beans, namely GMB (100% mung bean); RKB (100% kidney bean); and KB (7:3, kidney bean: mung bean) to attain desirable quality attributes. Face‐centered composite design (FCCD) was applied using fermentation time and temperature as independent variables. The responses, namely, pH, protein digestibility (PD), and total viable count (TVC) of probiotic Lacticaseibacillus casei ATCC 335, were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) followed by numerical optimization. The optimization was based on maximizing the desirability, which connected the responses and importance. The experimental and predicted values were similar, and the model was valid for all beverages with R2 > 0.9. The optimized condition suggested that fermentation at 20°C for 18 h in the case of KB and GMB and 21 h for RKB would lead to desired pH (6.0–6.5), maximum PD (> 60%), and highest TVC (> 8 log CFU/ml). A significant reduction in antinutritional factors (ANFs), namely, tannin (20–44%), saponin (43–52%), and phytate (43–46%) from an initial value of around 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50 mg/L respectively, for all the beverages at optimized fermentation conditions was observed. Similarly, a slight loss of < 3.5% in total phenol content (TPC) was seen. Additionally, good proteolytic and antibacterial activity was observed, with KB being the best. Hence, all developed legume‐based synbiotic beverages exhibit desirable goals when subjected to optimized fermentation conditions and enhanced functionality.Practical ApplicationWhen subjected to optimized fermentation conditions, the developed synbiotic legume‐based beverages can be used as a potential functional food in the nondairy beverage industry with added health benefits and new tasting flavors.
A model of the U.S. food system: What are the determinants of the state vulnerabilities to production shocks and supply chain disruptions?
Authors: Nava Noé J. , Ridley William , Dall'erba Sandy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe adapt a Ricardian general equilibrium model to the setting of U.S. domestic agri‐food trade to assess states’ vulnerability to adverse production shocks and supply chain disruptions. To this end, we analyze how domestic crop supply chains depend on fundamental state‐level comparative advantages—which reflect underlying differences in states’ cost‐adjusted productivity levels—and thereby illustrate the capacity of states to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of such disruptions to the U.S. agricultural sector. Based on the theoretical framework and our estimates of the model's structural parameters obtained using data on U.S. production, consumption, and domestic trade in crops, we undertake simulations to characterize the welfare implications of counterfactual scenarios depicting disruptions to (1) states’ agricultural productive capacity, and (2) interstate supply linkages. Our results emphasize that the distributional impacts of domestic supply chain disruptions hinge on individual states’ agricultural productive capacities, and that the ability of states to mitigate the impacts of adverse production shocks through trade relies on the degree to which states are able to substitute local production shortfalls by sourcing crops from other states.
Morphologic, morphometric and contour shape variations of sagittal otoliths of Lepidorhombus spp. in the Aegean Sea
Authors: Yedier Serdar , Kontaş Yalçınkaya Seda , Bostanci Derya , Polat Nazmi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOtoliths are calcareous anatomical structures in the inner ear of fishes, and they can be used in the discrimination of fish species and stocks due to their species‐specific shape. Sagittal otoliths in the Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis and Lepidorhombus boscii, two flatfish species of the same genus distributed in the Aegean Sea, were compared using morphology, morphometry and contour shape analyses. Blind and eyed side otoliths of Lepidorhombus species were evaluated separately due to their morphological features and statistical differences in morphometric measurements (p < 0.05). Four analysis groups were formed: blind side otolith of L. whiffiagonis, eyed side otolith of L. whiffiagonis, blind side otolith of L. boscii and eyed side otolith of L. boscii. Morphometric differences in otolith shape were performed by canonical discriminant analysis, and the first discriminant axis explained 97.4% (Wilks λ = 0.270) of the variance between the groups, and the second axis explained 2.3% (Wilks λ = 0.620). Classification success between Lepidorhombus species based on CDA is 100%, and the overall CDA classification score between groups is 76.5%. The wavelet functions obtained in the contour analysis showed high variability in the anterior, posterior‐dorsal, antero‐dorsal and ventral regions of the otoliths among these four analysis groups. Consequently, it is thought that this study will contribute to the taxonomic classification of fish with the morphological and morphometric differences in the blind and eyed side otoliths and the analyses made with the high discrimination success obtained in Lepidorhombus species.
Networks of Speculation: Making Land Markets on Myanmar Facebook
Authors: Wittekind Courtney T. , Faxon Hilary Oliva 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDigital platforms have changed how property is sold and valued in the Global North, yet little is known about digital tools in emerging land markets. Drawing on in situ and digital ethnography, we argue that Facebook plays a key role in making a new kind of market in Myanmar, one in which land is transformed into a speculative asset, exchanged across ever‐expanding networks. While commodification is familiar within longer histories of capitalism, this case highlights the significance of digital platforms to the contemporary remaking of property relations. Unlike classic cases of market‐making enabled by active state regulation, Myanmar’s digital land markets were forged in the context of state absence by brokers who harnessed the technological affordances of social media to increase the scale, scope and speed of transactions. This creative re‐appropriation of the platform forged new, unregulated digital markets that ultimately accumulated corporate profits and intensified participant risk.
Forty‐two normomenstruating adolescents with Müllerian obstructive anomalies: Presentation, pitfalls in the dagnosis and surgical management
Authors: Fontana Eleonora , Parma Marta , Fedele Francesco , Girardelli Serena , Parazzini Fabio , Candiani Massimo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe analyzed the frequency, presentation and pitfalls in the diagnosis and surgical management of a large group of normomenstruating adolescents with obstructive reproductive tract anomalies.Material and methodsRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Of the 143 outpatients referred for severe dysmenorrhea and persistent pelvic pain, 42 (29.3%) young women with obstructive Müllerian anomalies and regular menstrual flow were identified. These patients were divided into four groups: (1) patients with duplicate uterine cavities, obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (n = 34); (2) patients with unicornuate uterus and noncommunicating cavitated rudimentary horn (n = 5); (3) patients with accessory cavitated uterine mass (n = 2); (4) patients with partially obstructed transverse vaginal septum (n = 1). All 42 patients were conservatively treated via laparoscopy and 35/42 patients had also vaginal surgery.ResultsOf the four groups, patients in groups 2 and 3 (n = 7) were conservatively managed by laparoscopy alone; for patients in groups 1 and 4 (n = 35), laparoscopy and the vaginal approach were used. Patients of group 1 were treated by resecting the obstructed vaginal septum with drainage of retained collections. In patients in group 2, surgery consisted of the removal of the rudimentary horn. Patients of group 3 were treated by the removal of myometrial neoformations. In the patient in group 4, treatment consisted of removal of the septum. All surgical procedures were successful and no major complications were recorded. Follow‐up reports highlighted the disappearance of obstruction and clear improvement in pain symptoms.ConclusionsUnilateral obstructive anomalies of the female genital tract are difficult to identify. Early diagnosis allows the preservation of reproductive activity and avoids potential complications.
Evaluating intraocular lens power formula constant robustness using bootstrap algorithms
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Szentmáry Nóra , Cayless Alan , Wendelstein Jascha , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundBootstrapping is a modern technique mostly used in statistics to evaluate the robustness of model parameters. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for evaluation of formula constant uncertainties and the effect on the prediction error (PE) in intraocular lens power calculation with theoretical‐optical formulae using bootstrap techniques.MethodsIn a dataset with N = 888 clinical cases treated with the monofocal aspherical intraocular lens (Vivinex, Hoya) constants for the Haigis, the Castrop and the SRKT formula were optimised for the sum of squared PE using nonlinear iterative optimisation (interior point method), and the formula predicted spherical equivalent refraction (predSEQ) and the PE were derived. The PE was bootstrapped NB = 1000 times and added to predSEQ, and formula constants were derived for each bootstrap. The robustness of the constants was calculated from the NB bootstrapped models, and the predSEQ was back‐calculated from the NB formula constants.ResultsWith bootstrapping, the 90% confidence intervals for the a0/a1/a2 constants of the Haigis formula were −0.8317 to −0.5301/0.3203 to 0.3617/0.1954 to 0.2100, for the C/H/R constants of the Castrop formula they were 0.3113 to 0.3272/0.1237 to 0.2149/0.0980 to 0.1621, and for the A constant of the SRKT formula they were 119.2320 to 119.3028. The back‐calculated PE from the NB bootstrapped formula constants standard deviation for the mean/median/mean absolute/root mean squared PE were 5.677/5.735/0.401/0.318 e‐3 dpt for the Haigis formula, 5.677/5.735/0.401/0.31829 e‐3 dpt for the Castrop formula and 14.748/14.790/0.561/0.370 e‐3 dpt for the SRKT formula.ConclusionWe have been able to prove with bootstrapping that nonlinear iterative formula constant optimisation techniques for the Haigis, the Castrop and the SRKT formulae yield consistent results with low uncertainties of the formula constants and low variations in the back‐calculated mean, median, mean absolute and root mean squared formula prediction error.
Intimate extraction: Geological matter, extractive afterlives, and the denial of a Black sense of place in Southern Louisiana
Authors: Donoghoe Manannan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper centres geological matter in questions of marginality, inequality, and structural racism in the US. I follow the entanglements of geological matter with bodies, emotion‐laden imaginaries of place, and histories of slavery and colonialism, to illustrate how contemporary Black lives are intimately connected to processes of mineral extraction. Drawing on Saidiya Hartman's concept of ‘afterlives’, I situate heightened levels of ambient toxicity from geological refinement and industrial waste as extractive afterlives, connecting commonly felt precarity around extractive worlds to broader questions of race, inequality, and connections to place. Citing academic and artistic accounts of life in Southern Louisiana, a historically Black region with a large petrochemical industry, I demonstrate the relevance of geological entanglements to experiences of structural racism in the US.
Platforms and/as urban communication: Mediums, content, context
Authors: Leszczynski Agnieszka 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper brings an urban communication lens to bear on the geographies of platformisation in cities. It does so by drawing on three select instances of platformised materialities in Toronto and Vancouver that represent familiar contours of urban platformisation: mobility (bike and car sharing), last‐mile logistics (on‐demand delivery), and labour (gig work). These examples are worked through Aiello and Tosoni's heuristic of cities as constituting the mediums, content, and contexts of urban communication, respectively. As mediums, platformised materialities in the form of street signs designate exclusive uses of public space by mobility platforms, communicating the spatial conditions of platform urbanism. As the contents of communication, stickers and signs advertising on‐demand meal delivery available at a restaurant venue express the platform‐driven transformation of the social relations that make the delivered meal take place. And as context, broader trends of the platformisation of labour render communication by other, non‐platform‐based materialities – such as posters calling on urban gig workers to unionise – meaningful. An urban communication perspective contributes to geographical scholarship on platform urbanism by nuancing our understandings of how platforms and platform technology capital secure and sustain themselves in cities through their material communicative capacities.
Agreeing about smartphones: Making opinions in online focus groups
Authors: Hitchings Russell 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the situated production of opinions in human geography research. Drawing on an online focus group project in which university students were asked to discuss smartphone use in urban greenspace, I'm interested in how our methods can make opinions as much as collect those that are already assumed to exist. Why were these students inclined to speak of having and sharing opinions? How important should opinions be to us if they are not actively influencing the everyday lives of those who we hope to understand in our studies? And what does this all say about staging effective group discussion in the discipline?
Centring individual animals to improve research and citation practices
Authors: Volsche Shelly , Root‐Gutteridge Holly , Korzeniowska Anna T. , Horowitz Alexandra 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTModern behavioural scientists have come to acknowledge that individual animals may respond differently to the same stimuli and that the quality of welfare and lived experience can affect behavioural responses. However, much of the foundational research in behavioural science lacked awareness of the effect of both welfare and individuality on data, bringing their results into question. This oversight is rarely addressed when citing seminal works as their findings are considered crucial to our understanding of animal behaviour. Furthermore, more recent research may reflect this lack of awareness by replication of earlier methods – exacerbating the problem. The purpose of this review is threefold. First, we critique seminal papers in animal behaviour as a model for re‐examining past experiments, attending to gaps in knowledge or concern about how welfare may have affected results. Second, we propose a means to cite past and future research in a way that is transparent and conscious of the abovementioned problems. Third, we propose a method of transparent reporting for future behaviour research that (i) improves replicability, (ii) accounts for individuality of non‐human participants, and (iii) considers the impact of the animals' welfare on the validity of the science. With this combined approach, we aim both to advance the conversation surrounding behaviour scholarship while also serving to drive open engagement in future science.
Yes‐associated protein 1 mediates initial cell survival during lorlatinib treatment through AKT signaling in ROS1‐rearranged lung cancer
Authors: Yamazoe Masatoshi , Ozasa Hiroaki , Tsuji Takahiro , Funazo Tomoko , Yoshida Hiroshi , Hashimoto Kentaro , Hosoya Kazutaka , Ogimoto Tatsuya , Ajimizu Hitomi , Yoshida Hironori , Itotani Ryo , Sakamori Yuichi , Kuninaga Kiyomitsu , Aoki Wataru , Hirai Toyohiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the ROS proto‐oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) gene have shown dramatic therapeutic effects in patients with ROS1‐rearranged non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, advanced ROS1‐rearranged NSCLC is rarely cured as a portion of the tumor cells can survive the initial stages of ROS1‐TKI treatment, even after maximum tumor shrinkage. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying initial cell survival during ROS1‐TKI treatment is necessary to prevent cell survival and achieve a cure for ROS1‐rearranged NSCLC. In this study, we clarified the initial survival mechanisms during treatment with lorlatinib, a ROS1 TKI. First, we established a patient‐derived ezrin gene‐ROS1‐rearranged NSCLC cell line (KTOR71). Then, following proteomic analysis, we focused on yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1), which is a major mediator of the Hippo pathway, as a candidate factor involved in cell survival during early lorlatinib treatment. Yes‐associated protein 1 was activated by short‐term lorlatinib treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Genetic inhibition of YAP1 using siRNA, or pharmacological inhibition of YAP1 function by the YAP1‐inhibitor verteporfin, enhanced the sensitivity of KTOR71 cells to lorlatinib. In addition, the prosurvival effect of YAP1 was exerted through the reactivation of AKT. Finally, combined therapy with verteporfin and lorlatinib was found to achieve significantly sustained tumor remission compared with lorlatinib monotherapy in vivo. These results suggest that YAP1 could mediate initial cell resistance to lorlatinib in KTOR71 cells. Thus, combined therapy targeting both YAP1 and ROS1 could potentially improve the outcome of ROS1‐rearranged NSCLC.