bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving the contrasting leaf hydraulic adaptation of C3 and C4 grasses
Authors: Baird Alec S. , Taylor Samuel H. , Pasquet‐Kok Jessica , Vuong Christine , Zhang Yu , Watcharamongkol Teera , Cochard Hervé , Scoffoni Christine , Edwards Erika J. , Osborne Colin P. , Sack Lawren 
Published: January 2025

Summary
Grasses are exceptionally productive, yet their hydraulic adaptation is paradoxical. Among C3 grasses, a high photosynthetic rate (Aarea) may depend on higher vein density (Dv) and hydraulic conductance (Kleaf). However, the higher Dv of C4 grasses suggests a hydraulic surplus, given their reduced need for high Kleaf resulting from lower stomatal conductance (gs).
Combining hydraulic and photosynthetic physiological data for diverse common garden C3 and C4 species with data for 332 species from the published literature, and mechanistic modeling, we validated a framework for linkages of photosynthesis with hydraulic transport, anatomy, and adaptation to aridity.
C3 and C4 grasses had similar Kleaf in our common garden, but C4 grasses had higher Kleaf than C3 species in our meta‐analysis. Variation in Kleaf depended on outside‐xylem pathways. C4 grasses have high Kleaf : gs, which modeling shows is essential to achieve their photosynthetic advantage.
Across C3 grasses, higher Aarea was associated with higher Kleaf, and adaptation to aridity, whereas for C4 species, adaptation to aridity was associated with higher Kleaf : gs. These associations are consistent with adaptation for stress avoidance.
Hydraulic traits are a critical element of evolutionary and ecological success in C3 and C4 grasses and are crucial avenues for crop design and ecological forecasting.
Natural variation in ZmNRT2.5 modulates husk leaf width and promotes seed protein content in maize
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Min , Xia Ai‐Ai , Wang Jin‐Yu , Wang Zi , Xu Tao , Jia De‐Tao , Lu Ming , Tan Wei‐Ming , Luo Jin‐Hong , He Yan 
Published: January 2025

SummaryThe husk leaf of maize (Zea mays) encases the ear as a modified leaf and plays pivotal roles in protecting the ear from pathogen infection, translocating nutrition for grains and warranting grain yield. However, the natural genetic basis for variation in husk leaf width remains largely unexplored. Here, we performed a genome‐wide association study for maize husk leaf width and identified a 3‐bp InDel (insertion/deletion) in the coding region of the nitrate transporter gene ZmNRT2.5. This polymorphism altered the interaction strength of ZmNRT2.5 with another transporter, ZmNPF5, thereby contributing to variation in husk leaf width. We also isolated loss‐of‐function mutants in ZmNRT2.5, which exhibited a substantial decrease in husk leaf width relative to their controls. We demonstrate that ZmNRT2.5 facilitates the transport of nitrate from husk leaves to maize kernels in plants grown under low‐nitrogen conditions, contributing to the accumulation of proteins in maize seeds. Together, our findings uncovered a key gene controlling maize husk leaf width and nitrate transport from husk leaves to kernels. Identification of the ZmNRT2.5 loci offers direct targets for improving the protein content of maize seeds via molecular‐assisted maize breeding.
HTT1, a Stearoyl‐Acyl Carrier Protein Desaturase Involved Unsaturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis, Affects Rice Heat Tolerance
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo , Zhang Xuefei , Fu Yao , Cui Yixin , Wu Nai , Li Yangyang , Yang Zhenglin , Zhang Changwei , Song Hongyuan , He Guanghua , Sang Xianchun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTElucidating the mechanisms underlying heat tolerance in rice (Oryza Sativa. L) is vital for adapting this crop to rising global temperature while increasing yields. Here, we identified a rice mutant, high temperature tolerance 1 (htt1), with high survival rates under heat stress. HTT1 encodes a chloroplast‐localized stearoyl‐acyl carrier protein (ACP) desaturase involved in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, converting C18:0 to C18:1 fatty acid. Overexpression and knockout rice lines provided evidence that HTT1 negatively regulates the response to heat stress. In the htt1 mutant, a G‐to‐A base substitution in HTT1 impairs unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, remodelling the lipid content of cellular membranes and in particular increasing diglyceride contents, which improves membrane stability under heat stress. HTT1 was differentially expressed in all tissues analyzed and was inhibited by heat. Yeast one‐hybrid and dual‐luciferase reporter assays showed that OsHsfA2d binds to the promoter of HTT1, inhibiting its expression. Different HTT1 alleles were identified between the two Asian cultivated rice subspecies, indica and japonica, potentially facilitating their adaptation to different environmental temperature. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that HTT1 is a previously unidentified negative regulator of heat tolerance and a potential target gene for the improvement of heat adaptability in rice.
Histopathological study of the localization/distribution of Fusobacterium nucleatum in esophageal cancer
Authors: Sasaki‐Higashimoto Iku , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Ishida Hirotaka , Taniyama Yusuke , Ozawa Yohei , Nakamura Tomohiro , Nakaya Naoki , Sato Chiaki , Okamoto Hiroshi , Tsunokake Junichi , Kunimitsu Atsushi , Mozumi Takeru , Kamei Takashi , Suzuki Takashi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFusobacterium nucleatum is implicated in esophageal cancer; however, its distribution in esophageal cancer tissues remains unknown. This study aimed to clarify the presence and distribution of F. nucleatum in esophageal cancer tissues using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Tissues collected from 70 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were examined using FISH. Corresponding normal epithelium and metastatic lymph nodes were assessed. F. nucleatum was identified more frequently in esophageal cancer tissues than in the normal epithelium. F. nucleatum also showed significant correlation with factors associated with tumor progression, such as pT factor and tumor size. As tumor progression advanced, the area occupied by F. nucleatum gradually became larger. F. nucleatum positivity was observed around the deep edge of the tumor nest (border‐dense type) or identified diffusely in the tumor nest (diffuse distributed type). Furthermore, F. nucleatum was observed in metastatic lymph nodes, lesions of venous invasion, and walls of veins in normal epithelium. In conclusion, we visualized F. nucleatum using FISH and identified different distribution patterns of F. nucleatum, highlighting the spot density of its presence in tumor tissues. Recognizing this quantitative change is pivotal for establishing F. nucleatum as a reliable biomarker.
Aperiodic Pupil Fluctuations at Rest Predict Orienting of Visual Attention
Authors: Wang Rongwei , Jia Jianrong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe aperiodic exponent of the power spectrum of signals in several neuroimaging modalities has been found to be related to the excitation/inhibition balance of the neural system. Leveraging the rich temporal dynamics of resting‐state pupil fluctuations, the present study investigated the association between the aperiodic exponent of pupil fluctuations and the neural excitation/inhibition balance in attentional processing. In separate phases, we recorded participants' pupil size during resting state and assessed their attentional orienting using the Posner cueing tasks with different cue validities (i.e., 100% and 50%). We found significant correlations between the aperiodic exponent of resting pupil fluctuations and both the microsaccadic and behavioral cueing effects. Critically, this relationship was particularly evident in the 50% cue‐validity condition rather than in the 100% cue‐validity condition. The microsaccadic responses mediated the association between the aperiodic exponent and the behavioral response. Further analysis showed that the aperiodic exponent of pupil fluctuations predicted the self‐rated hyperactivity/impulsivity trait across individuals, suggesting its potential as a marker of attentional deficits. These findings highlight the rich information contained in pupil fluctuations and provide a new approach to assessing the neural excitation/inhibition balance in attentional processing.
Detection of Intrinsic Instabilities From Pressure Traces of Spherically Expanding Flames Using Time Series Classification
Authors: Nawaz Behlol , Nasim Md Nayer , Das Shubhra Kanti , Ma Ruizhe , Mack J. Hunter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Intrinsic combustion instabilities manifest as wrinkles or cellular structures on spherically expanding flame fronts. They are a fundamental aspect of the physics of flames and can be practically significant for some mixtures, such as those containing hydrogen (H2). In the case of spherical flames, they are studied visually using high-speed cameras, while the use of pressure traces is significantly less explored. This work investigates the use of time series classification (TSC) algorithms for detecting flame wrinkling in spherical flames using pressure traces recorded in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC). Some algorithms are observed to have very high classification accuracies (&gt;90%), with 94.5% for the ROCKET (Random Convolutional Kernel Transform) classifier, 92.5% for HIVE-COTE (Hierarchical Vote Collective of Transformation-based Ensembles), and 96.1% for 1-nearest neighbor (1-NN) with DTW (dynamic time warping). The approach potentially provides an alternative methodology for instability detection, particularly where optical access is unavailable.
Depletion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells sensitizes murine multiple myeloma to PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Xiong Wei , Xiao Liuling , Duan Rui , Wang Qiang , Xian Miao , Zhang Chuanchao , Su Pan , LI Yabo , Zhong Ling , Qian Jianfei , Zheng Chengyun , Yi Qing 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundCancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, patients with multiple myeloma (MM) rarely respond to ICB. Accumulating evidence indicates that the complicated tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly impacts the efficacy of ICB therapy. Therefore, investigating how TME components in MM influence ICB treatment is urgent.MethodsWe employed two well-established murine myeloma models, 5TGM1 and Vk*MYC, by intravenously injecting 5TGM1 or Vk*MYC cells into mice, respectively, to determine ICB therapeutic efficacy in MM. Total mouse IgG or Ig2b ELISA or QuickGel split beta SPE kits and in vivo bioluminescent imaging were used to monitor MM tumor burden. Cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) was used to quantify MM TME components. T cell proliferation and function were detected using flow cytometry. Peptide-Fc fusion proteins were used to deplete myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MMDTR, Foxp3DTR, CD4 KO and CD8 KO mice were used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Gene expression levels in human MM were analyzed using Gene Expression Omnibus public datasets.ResultsWe found that programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody treatment had a therapeutic effect in 5TGM1 mice; it was ineffective in Vk*MYC mice. CyTOF indicated that the bone marrow (BM) of both models was inflamed, suggesting that immune suppressive cells might be inhibiting the reactivation of T cells in the BM. We observed higher numbers of MDSCs, regulatory T (Treg) cells, and tumor-associated macrophage (TAMs) in myeloma BM compared with that of tumor-free mice. Specifically, depleting MDSCs, but not Treg cells or TAMs, sensitized Vk*MYC mice and enhanced the response of 5TGM1 mice to PD-1 ICB, which was dependent on CD8+but not CD4+T cells. MDSCs, especially M-MDSCs and CD84+MDSCs, significantly inhibited the activation and cytotoxic cytokine production of CD8+T cells in vitro. Moreover, database profiling of patient BM revealed a negative correlation between MDSCs signature genes and cytotoxic CD8+T cell signature genes, with post-maintenance patients with myeloma displaying a higher ratio of cytotoxic CD8+T cell to MDSCs signature genes compared with pretreated patients.ConclusionOur study highlights the potential of MDSCs depletion in enhancing the sensitivity of patients with myeloma to PD-1 ICB therapy.
Minimally invasive surgery for evacuation of intracerebral hematoma by neurointerventionalists: initial experience
Authors: Tekle Wondwossen , Benites Gregorio , Miller Samantha , Betancourt Alejandro , Hassan Ameer E 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundThere is growing interest and evidence in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) evacuation with minimally invasive surgery (MIS). If early ICH evacuation becomes the standard of care, training neurointerventionalists to perform MIS would expand global access to treatment. We present a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent MIS–ICH evacuation performed by interventional neurologists in collaboration with neurosurgeons.MethodPatients meeting prespecified criteria underwent MIS–ICH evacuation using the Artemis (Penumbra) by an interventional neurologist–neurosurgeon team. Baseline demographic, clinical, and radiographic characteristics were collected. Procedure location was recorded. The primary outcome of interest was the rate of symptomatic rebleeding. Secondary outcomes included hematoma reduction, serious adverse events, length of stay, disposition, and discharge and 6 month functional status.Results19 patients were included in this analysis. One third of cases were performed in the neuroangiography suite using intraprocedural flat panel CT and the rest were performed in the operating room. All were performed under neuronavigation using AxiEM (Medtronic-Stealth-Station). There was a median 80% hematoma reduction from a median preoperative ICH volume of 31.1 mL (IQR 26.2–56.4). A post-procedural hematoma volume of <15 mL was achieved in 67% of cases, comparable with that seen in the ENRICH (Early Minimally Invasive Removal of Intracerebral Hemorrhage) trial (72.7%). No patients developed symptomatic post-procedural hematoma expansion.ConclusionThis study suggests that MIS–ICH evacuation can be performed safely and effectively by trained neurointerventionalists. Our experience also supports the ability to perform MIS–ICH evacuation in the neuroangiography suite. We advocate for the development of a standardized neurointerventional training protocol and certification pathway for the performance of MIS–ICH evacuation with the goal of improving global access to care.
Decoding consumers' interpretations of ‘additive-free’ and ‘tobacco & water' cigarette advertising claims
Authors: Weiger Caitlin Victoria , Gratale Stefanie Kristen , Ganz Ollie , LaVake Melanie , Talbot Eugene M , Wackowski Olivia A 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesIn the USA, some tobacco companies replaced the marketing phrase ‘100% natural additive-free tobacco’ with ‘tobacco ingredients: tobacco & water’ (T&W) after receiving warnings from the US Food and Drug Administration. This study assesses how people interpret the now-restricted additive-free claims and newer T&W claims on Natural American Spirit (NAS) and L&M cigarette packs.MethodsAn online between-subjects experiment randomised 2526 US adults to view one of three packs: an NAS additive-free pack, an NAS T&W pack or an L&M T&W pack. Participants provided their interpretations of the claim they viewed in an open-text response box. n=810 responses were coded, with frequency reported overall, by experimental condition, and by product harm perceptions.ResultsInterpreting the claim as meaning ‘fewer chemicals/harmful ingredients’ was significantly more frequent in the NAS additive-free (47.7%) condition but remained common among those in the NAS T&W (27.2%) and L&M T&W (20.3%) conditions (p<0.01). For all conditions, the ‘fewer chemicals’ interpretation was more common among those who believed the product was less harmful than other cigarettes (p<0.001). Some participants (8%–15%) interpreted the claim they saw to mean the product was less addictive or had less nicotine than other cigarettes, with no significant differences by condition.ConclusionsLike ‘additive-free’, ‘tobacco and water’ marketing claims are commonly interpreted as meaning cigarettes have fewer chemicals or harmful ingredients, suggesting they may similarly function as unauthorised modified exposure claims. Regulatory action and educational interventions are warranted to reduce use of these misleading claims and to correct misperceptions.
Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity related to intramyocellular lipid in young but not in older individuals
Authors: Yoshiko Akito , Shiozawa Kana , Niwa Shiori , Takahashi Hideyuki , Koike Teruhiko , Watanabe Kohei , Katayama Keisho , Akima Hiroshi 
Published: January 2025

Skeletal muscles contain lipids inside and outside cells, namely intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) and extramyocellular lipids (EMCL), respectively; lipids have also been found to be interspersed between these muscles as adipose tissue, namely intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). Metabolized IMCL has been recognized as an important substrate for energy production and their metabolism is determined by the muscle oxidative capacity. Therefore, it has been speculated that muscle oxidative capacity is related to muscle lipid content. Excessive accumulation of EMCL and IMAT has been confirmed in older individuals, leading to metabolic disorders and a decline in muscle strength. However, whether EMCL and IMAT contribute to muscle lipid metabolism remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether muscle oxidative capacity is related to IMCL, EMCL, and IMAT in young and older individuals. A total of 18 young and 14 older individuals were included and their muscle oxidative capacity was assessed based on the recovery rate of muscle oxygen saturation after exercise, using near-infrared spectroscopy of the medial gastrocnemius. IMCL, EMCL, and IMAT were assessed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. A relationship between muscle oxidative capacity and IMCL was confirmed in young ( r = −0.47, P < 0.05) but not older individuals ( r = 0.22, P = 0.45). Muscle oxidative capacity was not related to EMCL or IMAT in either young or older individuals. These results suggest that IMCL in young individuals can contribute to muscle lipid metabolism, but not EMCL and IMAT, and this relationship differs with aging.
East-Siberian Sea–Chukchi Sea Prograded Margin Tectono-Sedimentary Element and Makarov Oceanic Basin Composite Tectono-Sedimentary Element, Siberian and Central Arctic
Authors: Rekant P. , Boldyreva A. , Shkarubo S. 
Published: January 2025

The East Siberian Sea–Chukchi Sea Prograded Margin (ESCPM) and Makarov Oceanic Basin (MOB) include interconnected sedimentary accumulations with gradual facies transitions that occupy a significant part of the Amerasia Basin and the adjacent Siberian Arctic continental margin. The ESCPM contains a succession of Cenozoic clinothem featuring shelf-margin progradation caused by a rapid influx of siliciclastic material from NE Asia into the adjacent Amerasia Basin and represents a single tectono-sedimentary element (TSE) as per the volume's terminology. The MOB is a most distant and isolated from continental depositional systems part of the Arctic Ocean. It consists of two first-order sedimentary accumulations with distinct depositional styles and provenances. The lower, Passive margin TSE is composed of a fragment of the presumably Paleozoic-Mesozoic Barents and North Kara passive continental margin. The upper, Synoceanic TSE was formed following the separation of continental block of the Lomonosov Ridge from the Eurasian continental margin at ∼ 56 Ma and during the opening of the Eurasian Basin. It includes mostly Eocene to Holocene hemipelagic and pelagic deposits and ice-rafted sediments. Each of these accumulations is characterised as a TSE, and the MOB itself is considered as a composite TSE (CTSE).
Assessments of petroleum potential in both elements rely on regional geological constraints, sedimentary architecture, and modelling. Direct hydrocarbon indicators have been detected in seismic profiles in both ESCPM and MOB. In the latter, petroleum generation likely began in the Jurassic or Late Cretaceous, peaking in the Paleocene and possibly extending into the Miocene. Reservoir rocks are inferred in Cretaceous and Cenozoic strata. In ESCPM TSE, Paleocene-middle Eocene sedimentary successions are considered to include potential source rocks, associated with main flooding surfaces and clinothem bottomset deposits.
Personalized Heart Digital Twins Detect Substrate Abnormalities in Scar-Dependent Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Waight Michael C. , Prakosa Adityo , Li Anthony C. , Bunce Nick , Marciniak Anna , Trayanova Natalia A. , Saba Magdi M. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Current outcomes from catheter ablation for scar-dependent ventricular tachycardia (VT) are limited by high recurrence rates and long procedure durations. Personalized heart digital twin technology presents a noninvasive method of predicting critical substrate in VT, and its integration into clinical VT ablation offers a promising solution. The accuracy of the predictions of digital twins to detect invasive substrate abnormalities is unknown. We present the first prospective analysis of digital twin technology in predicting critical substrate abnormalities in VT.

METHODS:
Heart digital twin models were created from 18 patients with scar-dependent VT undergoing catheter ablation. Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance images were used to reconstruct finite-element meshes, onto which regional electrophysiological properties were applied. Rapid-pacing protocols were used to induce VTs and to define the VT circuits. Predicted optimum ablation sites to terminate all VTs in the models were identified. Invasive substrate mapping was performed, and the digital twins were merged with the electroanatomical map. Electrogram abnormalities and regions of conduction slowing were compared between digital twin–predicted sites and nonpredicted areas.

RESULTS:

Electrogram abnormalities were significantly more frequent in digital twin–predicted sites compared with nonpredicted sites (468/1029 [45.5%] versus 519/1611 [32.2%];
P
<0.001). Electrogram duration was longer at predicted sites compared with nonpredicted sites (82.0±25.9 milliseconds versus 69.7±22.3 milliseconds;
P
<0.001). Digital twins correctly identified 21 of 26 (80.8%) deceleration zones seen on isochronal late activation mapping.

CONCLUSIONS:
Digital twin–predicted sites display a higher prevalence of abnormal and prolonged electrograms compared with nonpredicted sites and accurately identify regions of conduction slowing. Digital twin technology may help improve substrate-based VT ablation.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04632394.