bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching in Orthopaedic Surgery: Effective Strategies for Educating the Modern Learner in a Modern Surgical Practice
Authors: Koo Alexander , Almeida Bryan Aristega , Kerluku Jona , Yang Brian , Fufa Duretti 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Prioritizing the education of orthopaedic surgery residents and fellows is essential for the future of the field. This review highlights strategies that educators may find useful in improving their teaching skills for the modern orthopaedic surgery learner. Educators may benefit from focusing on active, effortful, and repetitive engagement in lecture; setting clear expectations to help track progress in clinic; and breaking skills into smaller steps in context of a framework when teaching procedural skills. Providing objective assessment and growth-oriented feedback helps establish a close rapport between educator and trainee while encouraging personal development. Through a remediation process that examines deficiency in core areas and equitability of the learning environment, the trainee and the educator may engage in a fair discussion that prevents trainees from falling behind. Finally, in the era of COVID-19, e-learning and virtual simulations have become increasingly used as effective modalities for teaching clinical knowledge and procedures to trainees. The medical education landscape has been changing at a rapid pace, and by evaluating and adapting to the novel educational models of today, the modern orthopaedic surgeon ensures a learning environment that is equitable, effective, and inspiring for the orthopaedic surgeon of tomorrow.
A 1 V, 10 KS/S, 71.2 db SNDR current-mode CMOS sample-and-hold circuit for high-speed wireless communication applications
Authors: Yu Fei , Gao Lei , Cai Shuo , Du Sichun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The sample and hold circuit has the function of collecting the analog input signal at a moment and maintaining its value. This article presents a current-mode sample and hold circuit for high-speed wireless communication applications. In this circuit, a single amplifier and a negative feedback structure are combined to eliminate the clock-feed through noise by using a virtual switch, and a differential structure is used to reduce the distortion caused by channel charge injection. This architecture achieves 71.2 db SNDR (signal to noise ratio plus distortion ratio) with a sampling rate of 10 KS/S when the power supply voltage is 1 V. The design of the sample and hold circuit is verified by the post-layout simulation of the standard 0.18 um CMOS technology.
The Determinants of Implementation Behavior Questionnaire in multiprofessional rehabilitation context (DIBQ-mp): A mixed methods tailoring study with Finnish cross-cultural adaptation
Authors: Paukkunen Maija , Ala-Mursula Leena , Öberg Birgitta , Karppinen Jaro , Sjögren Tuulikki , Riska Heidi , Nikander Riku , Abbott Allan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The Determinants of Implementation Behavior Questionnaire (DIBQ) identifies factors that are facilitators of or barriers to professionals´ change of behavior after evidence-based training. The original English DIBQ consists of 93 items covering 18 domains. The DIBQ is built upon the Theoretical Domains Framework and the Behavioral Change Wheel. The purpose of the study is to tailor the DIBQ to the multiprofessional rehabilitation context as well as cross-culturally adapt it to the Finnish context. Methods: Cross-cultural translation followed by a two round, Delphi method involving experts in rehabilitation with diversity of professions (physicians, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, nursing scientists, social scientists and health care policymakers) was conducted, 25 experts participated in Round 1, and 21 in Round 2. Participants evaluated the importance of each DIBQ item in changing professionals´ implementation behavior. Consensus to include items was defined as a mean score of ≥4 on a Likert scale (1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neither Agree nor Disagree, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree) by ≥75% of Delphi participants. Items rated at agreement of ≤74% were either excluded or reviewed depending on qualitative judgements. The relevance of each item was indexed using content validity index (CVI). A second-round survey followed the same process. Comparison with tailored versions of Danish and Swedish (DIBQ-t) was also performed before reaching the consensus of the results.Results: The final validated multiprofessional DIBQ (DIBQ-mp) consists of 23 questions. Twenty-nine percent (n = 27) of the Round 1 questions did not reach acceptable agreement. Second-round survey was developed based on the results of the first round. In all, 4% (n=2) of the Round 2 questions did not reach acceptable agreement. Agreement was achieved on all items after Round 2 in comparison with DIBQ-t, and the Delphi process was concluded. The final DIBQ-mp has evidence of excellent content validity with 0.93 average item-level CVI.Conclusions: The study resulted in the Determinants of Implementation Behavior Questionnaire tailored to the multiprofessional rehabilitation context as well as a Finnish cross-culturally adapted version.
Effectiveness of promotion and support for physical activity maintenance post total hip arthroplasty - study protocol for a pragmatic, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial (the PANORAMA trial).
Authors: Bieler Theresa , Magnusson S. Peter , Siersma Volkert , Rinaldo Mie , Schmiegelow Morten Torrild , Beck Torben , Krifa Anne-Mette , Kjær Birgitte Hougs , Palm Henrik , Midtgaard Julie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Total hip arthroplasty is considered an efficacious procedure for relieving pain and disability, but despite that objectively measured physical activity level remains unchanged compared to pre-surgery and is still considerably lower than that of a healthy age and sex-matched population 6-12 months post-surgery. Since there is a graded relationship between physical activity level and functional performance increasing physical activity may enhance the outcome of the procedure. This study aims to investigate whether promotion and support of physical activity initiated three months after total hip arthroplasty complementary to usual rehabilitation care can increase objective measured physical activity 6 months post-surgery.Methods:The trial is designed as a pragmatic, parallel group, two arm, assessor-blinded, superiority, randomized (1:1), controlled trial with post intervention follow-up 6 and 12 months after total hip arthroplasty. Home-dwelling, independent and self-reliant patients with hip osteoarthritis are provisionally enrolled prior to surgery and re-screened about 2-3 months post-surgery to confirm eligibility. Baseline assessment is conducted 3 months post-surgery. Subsequently, patients (n=200) are randomized to either a 3-month, multimodal physical activity promotion/education intervention or control (no further attention). The intervention consists of face-to-face and telephone counseling, patient education material, pedometer, and step-counting journal. The primary outcome is objectively measured physical activity, specifically the proportion of patients that complete on average ≥8,000 steps per day 6 months post-surgery. Secondary outcomes include core outcomes (i.e. physical function, pain, and patient global assessment) and health related quality of life. Furthermore, we will explore effect of the intervention on self-efficacy and outcome expectations (i.e. tertiary outcomes). Discussion: By investigating the effectiveness of a pedometer-driven, face-to-face and telephone-assisted counselling, behavior change intervention in complementary to usual rehabilitation, we hope to deliver applicable and generalizable knowledge to support physical activity after total hip arthroplasty and potentially enhance the outcome of the procedure.Trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT04471532 Registered on July 15, 2020.
Multiplex CRISPR strategy targeting viral genome for agriculture and clinical use
Authors: Yang Luhan , Zheng Zezhong , Xu Lei , Dou Hongwei , Zhou Yixuan , Feng Xu , He Xiangjun , Tian Zhen , Mo Guolong , Hu Jiapan , Zhao Hongye , Wei Hongjiang , Church George 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a viral disease with exceptionally high lethality in domestic pigs and wild boar worldwide, without any effective vaccine or drug to prevent its spread. In this study, we established a multiplexable CRISPR-Cas-gRNA system targeting 13 genomic loci in the ASF virus genome that could prevent viral replication by cutting its genome. Furthermore, we generated pig strains expressing the multiplexable CRISPR-Cas-gRNA via germline genome editing and demonstrated that the gene-edited pigs were more resistant to ASFV infection and less likely to spread the virus upon infection. As far as we know, our study presents the first living organism generated via germline editing to demonstrate resistance to viral infection via CRISPR-Cas. We anticipate our work to be helpful for both agricultural and biomedical applications, such as xenotransplantation.
Discovery of mitophagy inhibitors with therapeutic potential in different familiar Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis mutations
Authors: Maestro Inés , Ballina Laura Rodríguez de la , Porras Gracia , Corrochano Silvia , de Lago Eva , Simonsen Anne , Boya Patricia , Martinez Ana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Mitophagy is the selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy. It promotes the turnover of mitochondria and prevents the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, which can lead to cellular degeneration. Mitophagy is known to be altered in several pathological conditions, especially in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We have recently demonstrated an increase in autophagy flux in lymphoblasts from ALS patients bearing a mutation in SOD1. Thus, the identification of mitophagy inhibitors may be a therapeutic option to recover mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, using a phenotypic mitophagy assay, we have identified a new mitophagy inhibitor, the small molecule named IGS2.7, from the MBC library. Interestingly, the treatment with this inhibitor of the different cellular and in vivo models of ALS with mutations on SOD1 and TARDBP, restores autophagy to control levels. These results point mitophagy inhibitors, specially IGS2.7, to a new therapeutic approach for familiar ALS patients.
Design and Methods of the Mobile Assessment of Cognition, Environment, and Sleep (MACES) Study in Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Derbes Rebecca , Hakun Jonathan , Elbich Daniel , Master Lindsay , Berenbaum Sheri , Huang Xuemei , Buxton Orfeu M. , Chang Anne-Marie , Truica Cristina I. , Sturgeon Kathleen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Endocrine therapy (ET) for breast cancer treatment is associated with cognitive complaints, but their etiology is poorly understood. To address this, we developed and implemented an ambulatory assessment protocol consisting of wearable activity monitors, brief surveys of affect, context, and perceived impairments, and ultra-brief performance-based measures of cognition. We report on the burden of the new protocol.
Methods
Newly diagnosed, ER/PR+, stage 0-III, female breast cancer patients, were recruited. Ambulatory assessments were conducted on smart phones and wearable activity monitors were used to monitor sleep and physical activity. Participants were asked to complete five 7-day measurement bursts (one before starting ET and one each month for 4 consecutive months while on ET).
Results
We observed a consent rate of 36%, 27 women completed the study. Of the women that withdrew, 91% dropped prior to the midpoint of follow up. There were no significant differences in demographics, clinical breast cancer characteristics, sleep or physical activity patterns, or measures of cognition between women who completed versus withdrew. Women who did not complete the study provided fewer valid days of baseline data.
Conclusion
This novel method enables the prospective study of psychological changes associated with cancer treatment, capturing a wide array of information about behavior, experience, and cognition, thus providing a picture of the lived experiences of cancer patients before and during exposure to ET. While some women may be overwhelmed with their cancer diagnosis, we did not identify any predictive characteristics of women whom did not complete the study.
Oxidation of organic matter in deep water: evidence for mediation of microbial weathering
Authors: Akagi Tasuku , Nishino Hirotaka 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Carbon fixed by phytoplankton in surface water is remineralized by oxidation, where a relationship among total inorganic carbon (TIC), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), nitrogen (DIN) and silicic acid is largely consistent with the Redfield ratio. In deep water, however, oceanic distribution of total inorganic carbon, TIC, does not reflect the Redfield ratio, but is correlated with silicic acid concentration over a wide geographical area, for a given concentration of DIN or DIP. Examination of existing datasets reveals that the relationship ΔTIC:Δalkalinity: ΔSi conforms to 1:~1:1.2 ~ 1.6 extensively. This C-Si stoichiometric relationship is difficult to understand in terms of conventional ideas based on the dissolution of carbonate and opal, in tandem with the oxidation of organic matter. This observation necessitates a re-evaluation of the cycling of oceanic Si and C. Here we propose that silicic acid in the deep ocean derives from weathering of silicate minerals, with aqueous CO2 consumption balanced by the oxidation of organic carbon, perhaps microbially. In the deep ocean, aeolian dust – rather than fluvial input – is probably the major source of silicic acid. It is likely that the CO2 balance between “CO2 absorbing” dust weathering and “CO2 releasing” organic carbon oxidation governs CO2 exchange between the ocean and atmosphere. The C-Si stoichiometry collapses in upwelling areas of the North Pacific and Southern Oceans, resulting in the release of CO2 from those regions.
Antihypertensive medication adherence and its associated factors among hypertensive patients in North Showa Zone Public Hospitals, North Ethiopia, 2021. Institutional Cross- Sectional study
Authors: Getaye Asfaw , Mengistu Zuriash , Alemu Tsion , Dereje Ifa , Tilahun Ayele , Hailu Dejene , Mekonnen Mathewos 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Antihypertensive medication adherence plays a tremendous role in controlling blood pressure, however poor adherence to antihypertensive medication leads to complications of hypertension, wastage of health care resources and workload on health care providers which come up with poor clinical outcome.Objective: To assess antihypertensive medication adherence and its associated factors among hypertensive patients’ in North Showa Zone public hospitals’, Oromia regional state, North Ethiopia. 2021. Methods and Materials: An institutional cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2021 in three public hospitals of North Showa Zone. Out of four public hospitals, three hospitals were selected through simple random sampling techniques and final sample size 348 was selected systematic random sampling. Data were checked, cleaned and entered into Epi data software version 3.1 and imported to SPSS version 25 software for analysis. Descriptive analysis was done and presented in frequencies and percentages. The association between independent and dependent variables was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis, and variables that show P-values of < 0.05 with 95% CI will be considered statistically significant. Result: Out of the sample size, 339 patients were participated with 97.4% response rate. Out of this, 56.9% adhere to their medication. Marital status (AOR=3.24,95%CI=1.12-9.60), residence (AOR=2.59,95%CI=1.42-4.75), Controlled BP (AOR=4.26, 95%CI=2.37-7.67), number of medication (AOR= 2.59,95%CI=1.35-4.97), comorbidity (AOR=2.24, 95%CI=1.33-4.67), knowledge (AOR=5.01,95%CI=2.69-9.35) and insurance coverage user (AOR=2.20,95%CI=1.23-3.95) were found statistically significant. Conclusion: The adherence status of this study was sub-optimal and knowledge status of patients about the disease and their treatments was the most associated factor. Give health education about disease and its treatments, management of comorbidity and adherence counseling plays a vital role in improving the adherence status of clients.
Geographic information system-based groundwater quality assessment for drinking and irrigation purposes in Transboundary aquifers of River Ravi, in parts of NW India
Authors: Awasthi Ashima , Rishi Madhuri , Khosla Ashu , Panjgotra Shivali 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Access to safe and clean drinking water is a basic human right and assessment of groundwater suitability for drinking purpose imparts significant role in providing clean and suitable water for human consumption. The main objective of this study was to assess the groundwater quality status of Gurdaspur district falling along international boundary of Indo-Pak thus serving as transboundary aquifers, for drinking and irrigation purpose based on physicochemical analysis of 111 samples using standard numerical indexes and GIS techniques. The results of Entropy Water Quality Index revealed that the drinking groundwater quality were found to be in excellent, good and medium water class except 5 samples which were in poor to extremely poor water class. Piper trilinear plot revealed that the main water types were Ca, Mg-HCO3-. Mineral Saturation Index indicated that carbonate minerals were oversaturated and the evaporative minerals were undersaturated. The outcomes of principal component analysis indicated that the ion exchange, weathering and agricultural practices were the dominant controlling factors in the study area. Furthermore, the results of the Irrigation Water Quality Index illustrated that 3 and 65 samples were placed in “severe restriction” and “high restriction” class respectively indicating irrigation water as an issue for sustainable agricultural production in agrarian dominant district.
The relationship between nosocomial infections and coronavirus disease 2019 in the neurosurgery unit: Clinical characteristics and outcome
Authors: Pan Shuang-Jun , Hou Yong , Yang Yu-Pei , Wang Geng-Ge , Chen Xiao-Yan , Qian Wei-Yang , Tung Tao-Hsin , Hu Xiao-Ming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate how the “COVID-19 prevention and control measures” changed nosocomial infections in neurosurgery.
Methods
To explore changes in nosocomial infections in neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, the clinical data of inpatients of neurosurgery from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020 (COVID-19 era) were first analyzed and then compared with the same period in 2019 (pre-COVID-19 era). We also analyzed data from May 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020 (post-COVID-19 era) at the same time in 2019 (second pre-COVID-19 era).
Results
The nosocomial infection rate was 7.85% (54/688) in the pre-COVID-19 era and 4.30% (26/605) in the COVID-19 era (P = 0.011). Between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 eras, the respiratory system infection rate was 6.1% vs. 2.0% (P < 0.001) and the urinary system was 1.7% vs. 2.0% (P = 0.837). Between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 eras, the proportion of respiratory system and urinary infections in total nosocomial infections was 77.78% (42/54) vs. 46.15% (12/26) and 22.22% (12/54) vs. 46.15% (12/26), respectively, (P = 0.006). Between the second pre-COVID-19( ) and post-COVID-19 eras, the proportion of respiratory system and urinary infections in total nosocomial infections was 53.7% (44/82) vs. 40.6% (39/96) and 24.4% (20/82) vs. 40.6% (39/96), respectively, (P = 0.022).
Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic reduced the incidence of nosocomial infection in neurosurgery, and the main reduction was in respiratory infection, while the proportion of urinary infections in total nosocomial infections increased significantly.
Silicon Application and Factors Influencing Mandibular Wear in Sugarcane Early Shoot Borer, Chilo Infuscatellus Walker
Authors: Indhumathi Veeran Sivakumar , Chandramani Periyakaman , Mahendran Peyandi Paraman , Lokeshkumar Pusparaj 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Silicon (Si) can improve resistance of plants to attack by herbivorous insects. Early shoot borer (ESB), is one of the most solemn lepidopterans borers on sugarcane in India. Management of this pest is cumbersome one even through insecticide application. An alternate new approach is needed for the management. Hence, the present study is aimed to determine the effect of silicon on early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Walker by analysis of biophysical factors and documenting of mandibular wear. Scanning electron microscopic observation revealed the presence of silicified cells, trichomes, increased cell wall thickness and wax content in the sugarcane leaves when treated with calcium silicate at 1000 kg/ha. Moreover larvae of early shoot borer fed with silica treated plants showed a complete wearing of mandibles as compared to untreated check. This is the study focused to measure the mandibular wear of early shoot borer fed on silicon treated plants.
Predictors of Fatal Outcome in Hospitalized Adult Patients with Acute Kidney Injury at Two Tertiary Hospitals in Yaounde
Authors: Teuwafeu Denis Georges , Jabbossung Fombo Enjeh , Mahamat Maimouna , Tomta Eric Aristide Nono , Folefack Francois Kaze , Ashuntantang Gloria 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Most data on predictors of mortality in acute kidney injury (AKI) derives from high income economies where AKI is mainly hospital-acquired and occurs in previously ill elderly patients with a high burden of cardiovascular disease. In Cameroon like other sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, AKI is mainly community-acquired occurring in previously healthy young adults. We aimed at identifying predictors of fatal outcome in hospitalized patients with AKI under nephrologist care in two tertiary hospitals in Cameroon. Methods: Medical records of adults with confirmed AKI, managed by the nephrology units of two referral and teaching hospital from January 2018 to March 2020 were retrieved. Files with missing data were excluded. The outcomes of interest were: in-hospital deaths, and presumed causes of death. Data was managed using SPSS version 22 software and we used multiple logistic regression modelling to identify predictors of death. The study was approved by the ethics board of both hospitals. Value were considered significant for a p value <0.05 Results: We included a total of 285 patient records (37.2 % females). The mean (SD) age was 50.1(19.0) years. Hypertension (n=97, 34.0%), organ failure (n=88, 30.9%), diabetes (n=60, 21.1%) and HIV/AIDS (n=60, 21.1%) were the most frequent comorbidities. Majority of patients had community-acquired AKI (78.6%, n=224), were KDIGO stage 3 (88.8 %, n=253) and needed dialysis (52.6%, n=150). Up to 16.7% (n=25) did not receive when needed due to futility or lack of funds. The in-hospital mortality rate was 29.1% (n=83) and with no statistical difference with sex. Lack of access to dialysis (OR=27.8; p<0.001) hypotension (OR=11.8; p <0.001) and ICU admission (OR=5.7; p <0.001) were predictors of mortality. Presence of co-morbidities or underlying diseases (n=46, 55%) were the main causes of death. Complications of AKI were less frequently associated with death (n=21, 25.3%).Conclusions: The in-hospital AKI mortality is high, as in other low middle income economies. Lack of access to dialysis and severity of underlying illness are major predictors of death.