bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science, Dualities and the Phenomenological Map
Authors: Solari H. G. , Natiello M. A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe present an epistemological schema of natural sciences inspired by Peirce’s pragmaticist view, stressing the role of the phenomenological map, that connects reality and our ideas about it. The schema has a recognisable mathematical/logical structure which allows to explore some of its consequences. We show that seemingly independent principles as the requirement of reproducibility of experiments and the Principle of Sufficient Reason are both implied by the schema, as well as Popper’s concept of falsifiability. We show that the schema has some power in demarcating science by first comparing with an alternative schema advanced during the first part of the 20th century which has its roots in Hertz and has been developed by Einstein and Popper. Further, the identified differences allow us to focus in the construction of Special Relativity, showing that it uses an intuited concept of velocity that does not satisfy the requirements of reality in Peirce. While the main mathematical observation connected with this issue has been known for more than a century, it has not been investigated from an epistemological point of view. A probable reason could be that the socially dominating epistemology in physics does not encourage such line of work. We briefly discuss the relation of the abduction process presented in this work with discussions regarding “abduction” in the literature and its relation with “analogy”.
Mimush Sheep and the Spectre of Inbreeding: Historical Background for Festetics’s Organic and Genetic Laws Four Decades Before Mendel’s Experiments in Peas
Authors: Poczai Péter , Santiago-Blay Jorge A. , Sekerák Jiří , Bariska István , Szabó Attila T. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe upheavals of late eighteenth century Europe encouraged people to demand greater liberties, including the freedom to explore the natural world, individually or as part of investigative associations. The Moravian Agricultural and Natural Science Society, organized by Christian Carl André, was one such group of keen practitioners of theoretical and applied scientific disciplines. Headquartered in the “Moravian Manchester” Brünn (nowadays Brno), the centre of the textile industry, society members debated the improvement of sheep wool to fulfil the needs of the Habsburg armies fighting in the Napoleonic Wars. Wool, as the raw material of soldiers' clothing, could influence the war’s outcome. During the early nineteenth century, wool united politics, economics, and science in Brno, where breeders and natural scientists investigated the possibilities of increasing wool production. They regularly discussed how “climate” or “seed” characteristics influenced wool quality and quantity. Breeders and academics put their knowledge into immediate practice to create sheep with better wool traits through consanguineous matching of animals and artificial selection. This apparent disregard for the incest taboo, however, was viewed as violating natural laws and cultural norms. The debate intensified between 1817 and 1820, when a Hungarian veteran soldier, sheep breeder, and self-taught natural scientist, Imre (Emmerich) Festetics, displayed his inbred Mimush sheep, which yielded wool extremely well suited for the fabrication of light but strong garments. Members of the Society questioned whether such “bastard sheep” would be prone to climatic degeneration, should be regarded as freaks of nature, or could be explained by natural laws. The exploration of inbreeding in sheep began to be distilled into hereditary principles that culminated in 1819 with Festetics’s “laws of organic functions” and “genetic laws of nature,” four decades before Gregor Johann Mendel’s seminal work on heredity in peas.
A stronger association of diabetes mellitus with impaired hyperaemia using a novel ECG-gated device compared with peripheral arterial tonometry
Authors: Lal Anchal , Dave Neha , Barry Michael Anthony , Sood Annika , Mitchell Paul , Thiagalingam Aravinda 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Impaired digital reactive hyperaemia and flicker-stimulated retinal vascular response are commonly reported risk markers of cardiovascular disease. This is the first study to determine the correlation of these risk markers with diabetes mellitus by comparing our novel flicker-modulated ECG-gated fundoscope with the EndoPAT2000 system.

Methods
In total, 119 controls and 120 participants with diabetes mellitus partook in this cross-sectional study. The EndoPAT2000 system assessed digital reactive hyperaemia under fasting conditions. A mydriatic ECG-gated fundoscope with a novel flicker module acquired digital retinal images of the left eye before, during and after flicker stimulation. An inhouse semi-automated software measured retinal vessel diameters using a validated protocol with two observers repeating measurements in a subset of 10 controls and 10 participants with diabetes mellitus. Intra- and inter-observer reliability analyses occurred by the interclass correlation coefficient. A receiver operating characteristic curve established associations of variables with diabetes mellitus.

Results
Diabetes mellitus was more strongly associated with flicker-stimulated retinal arteriolar calibre change from baseline (AUC 0.81, 95% CI 0.75–0.87, p < 0.0001) than reactive hyperaemia index. Median flicker-stimulated arteriolar calibre change from baseline (controls: 2.74%, IQR 1.07 vs diabetes mellitus: 1.64%, IQR 1.25, p < 0.0001) and reactive hyperaemia index (controls: 1.87, IQR 0.81 vs diabetes mellitus: 1.60, IQR 0.81, p = 0.003) were lower in diabetes mellitus than controls. Intra- and inter-observer reliability coefficients were high from 0.87 to 0.93.

Conclusions
Impaired flicker-stimulated retinal arteriolar calibre change from baseline is more highly correlated with diabetes mellitus in this study than a reduced reactive hyperaemia index.
COVID-19 Induced Environments, Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes and Problematic Behaviors: Evidence from Children with Syndromic Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Bolbocean Corneliu , Rhidenour Kayla B , McCormack Maria , Suter Bernhard , Holder J Lloyd 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBetween July 2020 and January 2021, 230 principal caregivers completed a questionnaire to measure proxy-assessed health-related quality of life outcomes (HRQoL), behavioral outcomes in children with syndromic autism spectrum disorders and COVID-19 induced changes to lifestyle and environments. HRQoL and behavioral outcomes reported earlier during the pandemic were generally worse compared to those reported later. COVID-19 induced reduction to a caregiver’s mental health appointments, and hours spent watching TV were associated with decreases in HRQoL and increased the likelihood of problematic behaviors. Increasing time outdoors and time away from digital devices were positively associated with HRQoL and behaviors and might protect children from COVID-19 induced restrictions.
Ultra-Sensitive Fluorimetric Method for the First Estimation of Vonoprazan in Real Human Plasma and Content Uniformity Test
Authors: Saraya Roshdy E. , Hassan Yasser F. , Eltukhi Walid E. , Salman Baher I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVonoprazan (VON) has been approved recently via US-FDA in 2015 as the first in class of potassium competitive acid blocker group. VON is used for management of GIT ulcer, reflux esophagitis and for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. So, the first spectrofluorimetric method was developed for estimation of VON in real human plasma and content uniformity test. The fluorimetric methodology based on reaction of secondary amine group in VON with benzofurazan (0.05% w/v NBD-Cl) reagent as nucleophilic substitution reaction in alkaline medium (0.1 M borate buffer pH 8.2) to produce highly fluorescent product measure at 530 nm after excitation at 465 nm. The linear calibration range was found 15 to 200 ng mL−1 with lower limit of quantitation (LOQ) equal to 8.57 ng mL−1. The method was successfully applied for estimation of VON in pharmacokinetic (PK) and content uniformity studies. The maximum plasma concentration was found to be (Cmax) 71.03 ng mL−1 after maximum time (tmax) equal to 1.5 ± 0.15 h. The presented strategy also applied to ensure concentration of drug in each tablet using content uniformity test with high percent of recovery 100.05 ± 0.66. The proposed method was established for clinical laboratories and therapeutic drug monitoring studies.
Strengthening Relationships between Couples to Respond to Domestic Violence: a Commentary on Policy Changes Needed to Support this Evolution
Authors: Barth Richard P. , Jiranek Harriet C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBroad calls to narrow the role of police in American society have begun to include arguments to reduce the carceral responding to intimate partner violence (IPV) and add a stronger social response. The field’s improved understanding of lethality risk assessment; better classification of offender risk by past involvement with general violence or family only violence; and positive findings from trials of relationship strengthening interventions as couples counseling, restorative justice practices, and mediation, call for exploring relationship-strengthening approaches to complement more carceral approaches. Yet, a half century of adherence to traditional IPV service approaches that have steered away from relationship strengthening has generated an array of procedures and policies that need to change before the IPV services field can broaden and become more responsive. These changes are likely to be more fitting across racial and cultural groups and more suited for those seeking to improve relationship safety. This paper reviews these trends and considers legislative remedies that would facilitate the emergence of additional safe, empowering, relationship-responsive, trauma sensitive additions to IPV services.
Moral worth, right reasons and counterfactual motives
Authors: Fearnley Laura 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the question of what makes an action morally worthy. I start with a popular theory of moral worth which roughly states that a right action is morally praiseworthy if and only if it is performed in response to the reasons which make the action right. While I think the account provides promising foundations for determining praiseworthiness, I argue that the view lacks the resources to adequately satisfy important desiderata associated with theories of moral worth. Firstly, the view does not adequately capture the degree to which an action has moral worth, and secondly, the view does not identify if right actions produced from overdetermined motives have moral worth. However, all is not lost; I also argue that the account can satisfy the desiderata when it attends to the agent’s counterfactual motives in addition to their actual motives. By considering counterfactual motives, we can measure the robustness of the actual praiseworthy motive, and attending to motivational robustness allows the new proposal to fully satisfy the two desiderata. At the end of this paper, I respond to some criticisms typically brought against a counterfactual view of moral worth.
Measuring the influence of non-scientific features on citations
Authors: Mammola Stefano , Piano Elena , Doretto Alberto , Caprio Enrico , Chamberlain Dan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCitations remain a prime, yet controversial, measure of academic performance. Ideally, how often a paper is cited should solely depend on the quality of the science reported therein. However, non-scientific factors, including structural elements (e.g., length of abstract, number of references) or attributes of authors (e.g., prestige and gender), may all influence citation outcomes. Knowing the predicted effect of these features on citations might make it possible to ‘game the system’ of citation counts when writing a paper. We conducted a meta-analysis to build a quantitative understanding of the effect of similar non-scientific features on the impact of scientific articles in terms of citations. We showed that article length, number of authors, author experience and their collaboration network, Impact Factors, availability as open access, online sharing, different referencing practice, and number of figures all exerted a positive influence on citations. These patterns were consistent across most disciplines. We also documented temporal trends towards a recent increase in the effect of journal Impact Factor and number of authors on citations. We suggest that our approach can be used as a benchmark to monitor the influence of these effects over time, minimising the influence of non-scientific features as a means to game the system of citation counts, and thus enhancing their usefulness as a measure of scientific quality.
Environmental Law and Youth Protests: Future Generations Between Speech Acts and Political Representation
Authors: Corrias Luigi D. A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article aims to provide a semiotic analysis of environmental law and youth protests. More precisely, drawing on speech act theory this article regards both as types of communication and teases out the inherent voice and message, specifically with regard to the interests of future generations. The argument unfolds in three steps. First, the article looks into speaker and speech of environmental law and argues that it speaks, as legislation does, in the first-person plural voice of a ‘we’. Second, the article examines a speech of Greta Thunberg through the lens of Stanley Cavell’s theory of passionate utterances. This interpretation will unlock the political stakes of Thunberg’s speech as she claims standing with those responsible for enacting environmental law. Finally, the consequences of this reading will be analysed by relating message and voice of environmental law. As youth protests question ordinary forms of political representation, new ways of safeguarding the interests of future generations are called upon.
Seeing colours unconsciously
Authors: Zięba Paweł Jakub 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccording to unconscious perception hypothesis (UP), mental states of the same fundamental kind as ordinary conscious seeing can occur unconsciously. The proponents of UP often support it with empirical evidence for a more specific hypothesis, according to which colours can be seen unconsciously (UPC). However, UPC is a general claim that admits of many interpretations. The main aim of this paper is to determine which of them is the most plausible. To this end, I investigate how adopting various conceptions of colour and perceptual phenomenal character affects UPC’s resilience to objections. This brings me to the conclusion that the most plausible reading of UPC is the one according to which the phenomenal character of colour perception (i) is constituted by colours qua primitive mind-independent qualities of the environment and (ii) is not essentially tied to consciousness. My conclusion not only identifies the most plausible interpretation of UPC, but also highlights and supports an unorthodox version of the relational theory of perception, which is a perfectly viable yet so far overlooked stance in the debate about unconscious perception.
Microstructural Classification and Reconstruction of the Computational Geometry of Steamed Bread Using Descriptor-Based Approach
Authors: Ajani Clement Kehinde , Zhu Zhiwei , Sun Da-Wen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Microstructures affect the properties of food products; accurate and relatively less complex microstructural representations are thus needed for modelling of transport phenomena during food processing. Hence, the present study aimed at developing computational microstructures of steamed bread using descriptor-based approach. Relevant information was extracted from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the steamed bread and evaluated using seven classifiers. For the automatic classification and using all descriptors, bagged trees ensembles (BTE) had the highest accuracy of 98.40%, while Gaussian Naïve Bayes was the least with 92.10% accuracy. In the “step forward” analysis, five descriptors had higher classification accuracy (98.80%) than all descriptors, implying that increase in descriptors might or might not increase classification accuracy. Microstructural validation revealed that the ellipse fitting method with a p value of 0.7984 for the area was found to be superior to the Voronoi method with a corresponding p value of 1.4554 × 10−5, confirming that the ellipse developed microstructure was more suitable for microscale modelling of transport phenomena in steamed bread.
Small Strains in Soil Constitutive Modeling
Authors: Castellón Javier , Ledesma Alberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews the state of the art of soil behavior in the range of small strains and its constitutive modeling, which is an important issue when predicting displacements under serviceability conditions. The factors that control nonlinear, hysteretic and dependent on recent history soil behavior are described. Likewise, concepts of soil constitutive modeling are explored in detail and two criteria are explained and used to classify the analyzed models: (1) a first criterion based on the concept of tensorial zones; and (2) a second criterion based on the elements that defines the hysteretic soil behavior, including reversal criteria, memory rules and the effects of reversals on soil degradation and on soil stiffness recovery. The fundamentals of the formulation of the analyzed models are provided, as well as their scope of application, advantages and disadvantages.
CALR type 1 mutations are associated with an increased incidence of myelofibrosis in young male patients
Authors: Weir Philip , Hindley Andrew , Catherwood Mark , McMullin Mary Frances 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Calreticulin (CALR) mutations are commonly identified in patients with essential thrombocythaemia or myelofibrosis. CALR type 1 mutations are known to have a higher overall incidence in males but little is known about the risks of mutation subtypes on myelofibrotic change across patient age and sex.

Aims
To identify differences in the incidence of myelofibrotic change within subgroups of patients with CALR type 1 mutations.

Methods
All patients with a positive CALR exon 9 mutation identified within our unit between February 2016 and September 2020 were reviewed with note taken of patient sex, age at diagnosis, initial MPN diagnosis, and subsequent disease transformation.

Results
In our cohort, young male patients with CALR type 1 mutations were shown to be at significantly increased risk of myelofibrosis compared to age matched female patients.

Conclusions
Male patients have a worse myeloproliferative neoplasm phenotype than female patients with it occurring at a younger age and being more myelofibrotic in nature. Further investigation is needed into the reasons for this variability.
Three past mathematicians’ views on history in mathematics teaching and learning: Poincaré, Klein, and Freudenthal
Authors: Jahnke Hans-Niels , Jankvist Uffe Thomas , Kjeldsen Tinne Hoff 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the HPM (History and Pedagogy of Mathematics) literature, the three mathematicians Henri Poincaré (1854–1912), Felix Klein (1849–1925), and Hans Freudenthal (1905–1990) are often mentioned in relation to having opinions about the role of the history of mathematics in the teaching and learning of mathematics. Such mentioning often appears without any further account of their viewpoints. In the paper, we seek to dig more deeply, asking the questions of what these three mathematicians’ views on history in mathematics education were, how they themselves expressed these, and what the similarities and differences might be. Our departure point was the known texts by the three mathematicians in which they touch upon aspects of the history of mathematics in relation to teaching and learning, or mathematics education in general. When possible, these written works were accompanied by secondary accounts. Finally, we draw perspectives concerning the issue of how the views of these three mathematicians may or may not align with some of the trends in modern day HPM research.
Minimally Invasive Procedures in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer: an Interventional Radiologist’s Perspective
Authors: Avital Yaniv , Fütterer Jurgen J. , Cherniavsky Alexei , Bomers Joyce G. R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Minimal invasive procedures, including targeted biopsy (TB) and focal therapy (FT), are increasingly used in diagnosis and treatment of localized prostate cancer. Here, we review the current role of these procedures, from a perspective of an interventional radiologist.

Recent Findings
TB is an established part of current guidelines for diagnosis of PCa. Several modalities of FT are gaining prevalence in recent years, as a tissue-preserving alternative for definitive treatment of localized PCa. FT is currently at early research stages, offered to selected patients in clinical trials settings.

Summary
TB and FT are minimally invasive procedures used by multidisciplinary teams for diagnosis and treatment of localized PCa.
Tech Ethics Through Trust Auditing
Authors: Grellette Matthew 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe public’s trust in the technology sector is waning and, in response, technology companies and state governments have started to champion “tech ethics”. That is, they have pledged to design, develop, distribute, and employ new technologies in an ethical manner. In this paper, I observe that tech ethics is already subject to a widespread pathology in that technology companies, the primary executors of tech ethics, are incentivized to pursue it half-heartedly or even disingenuously. Next, I highlight two emerging strategies which might be used to combat this problem, but argue that both are subject to practical limitations. In response, I suggest an additional way of augmenting the practice of tech ethics. This is to employ “trust audits,” a new form of public participation in the socio-technical environment. In the remainder of the paper, I offer a description of how trust audits work, what they might look like in practice, and how they can fit in alongside those other strategies for improving tech ethics.