bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wissenschaftskommunikation als Kontaktzone und Kontaktszene
Authors: Griem Julika 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Forschung zu Wissenschaftskommunikation wird von konfligierenden normativen Prämissen, unreflektierten Modellen und politischen Maßgaben mitbestimmt. Der Beitrag erörtert das Potenzial vom M.L. Pratts Begriff der »Kontaktzone«, um der Kontingenz und Konfliktträchtigkeit des kommunikativen Grenzverkehrs zwischen Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft besser gerecht werden zu können. Im Zentrum stehen sowohl verräumlichende Konzeptbegriffe als auch reale Schauplätze von Wissenschaftskommunikation in verschiedenen Inszenierungs- und Erzählformaten wie z.B. der BerlinerFalling Walls-Konferenz. Als zentrales Problem zwischen Programmen und Praxis, ›talk‹ und ›action‹ der Wissenschaftskommunikation markiert der Beitrag mit Helen Wilson die Paradoxien organisierter Begegnungen: Will man Wissenschaftskommunikation im Zeichen von Dialog und Partizipation institutionalisieren, dürfen Störungen und Überraschungen nicht einem Ideal von plan- und kontrollierbarer Kommunikation untergeordnet werden. Störungen sind vielmehr als konstitutiver Bestandteil auch der Wissenschaftskommunikation zu denken; und ihre materiellen Orte und diskursiven Räume, ihre Gelegenheiten und Rituale dürfen sich daher nicht vorschnell gegen Unvorhergesehenes abschließen.
NUA and ESD4 negatively regulate ABA signaling during seed germination
Authors: Cui Xiaona , Lv Mengyang , Cao Yuanyuan , Li Ziwen , Liu Yan , Ren Zhenzhen , Zhang Hairong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles in plant growth, development and adaptative responses to abiotic stresses. SNF1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2) are key components that activate the ABA core signaling pathway. NUCLEAR PORE ANCHOR (NUA) is a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) that involves in deSUMOylation through physically interacting with the EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 4 (ESD4) SUMO protease. However, it is not clear how NUA functions with SnRK2 and ESD4 to regulate ABA signaling. In our study, we found that nua loss-of-function mutants exhibited pleiotropic ABA-hypersensitive phenotype. We also found that ABA-responsive genes remarkably up-regulated in nua by exogenous ABA. The nua snrk2.2 snrk2.3 triple mutant and nua abi5 double mutant partially rescued the ABA-hypersensitive phenotype of nua, thereby suggesting that NUA is epistatic to SnRK2s. Additionally, we observed that esd4-3 mutant was also ABA-hypersensitive. NUA and ESD4 were further demonstrated to physically interact with SnRK2s and negatively regulate ABA signaling by reducing SnRK2s stability. Taken together, our findings uncover a new regulatory mechanism that can modulate ABA signaling.
Mapping neuromodulatory systems in Parkinson’s disease: lessons learned beyond dopamine
Authors: Ye Zheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with mixed motor and non-motor symptoms. Dopaminergic drugs remain the mainstay of therapy for PD. However, some motor symptoms (e.g., gait problems) and a broad range of non-motor symptoms (e.g., cognitive impairment and depression) are often unresponsive to dopaminergic drugs. It is because the pathology of PD is not limited to the loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Recent in vivo human brain imaging studies have provided novel insights into the dysfunction of multiple non-dopaminergic systems in PD. I review positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging, and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies demonstrating the parallel alteration of noradrenergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems in PD. These studies shed light on the relationship between neuromodulators and vulnerable cognitive, affective, and motor functions. I finally discuss open questions in the field. More human pharmacological imaging studies are needed to reach a mechanistic understanding of the non-dopaminergic modulation of human brains.
Relaxation of the parameter independence assumption in the bootComb R package
Authors: Henrion Marc Y. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
The bootComb R package allows researchers to derive confidence intervals with correct target coverage for arbitrary combinations of arbitrary numbers of independently estimated parameters. Previous versions (<1.1.0) of bootComb used independent bootstrap sampling and required that the parameters themselves are independent—an unrealistic assumption in some real-world applications.

Findings
Using Gaussian copulas to define the dependence between parameters, the bootComb package has been extended to allow for dependent parameters.

Implications
The updated bootComb package can now handle cases of dependent parameters, with users specifying a correlation matrix defining the dependence structure. While in practice it may be difficult to know the exact dependence structure between parameters, bootComb allows running sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of parameter dependence on the resulting confidence interval for the combined parameter.

Availability
bootComb is available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=bootComb).
Performance of a small array of Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes sited in Australia
Authors: Lee Simon , Einecke Sabrina , Rowell Gavin , Balazs Csaba , Bellido Jose A. , Dai Shi , Elsässer Dominik , Filipović Miroslav , Harvey Violet M. , McGee Padric , Rhode Wolfgang , Tingay Steven , White Martin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs TeV gamma-ray astronomy progresses into the era of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), there is a desire for the capacity to instantaneously follow up on transient phenomena and continuously monitor gamma-ray flux at energies above$10^{12}\,\mathrm{eV}$. To this end, a worldwide network of Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) is required to provide triggers for CTA observations and complementary continuous monitoring. An IACT array sited in Australia would contribute significant coverage of the Southern Hemisphere sky. Here, we investigate the suitability of a small IACT array and how different design factors influence its performance. Monte Carlo simulations were produced based on the Small-Sized Telescope (SST) and Medium-Sized Telescope (MST) designs from CTA. Angular resolution improved with larger baseline distances up to 277 m between telescopes, and energy thresholds were lower at 1 000 m altitude than at 0 m. The${\sim} 300\,\mathrm{GeV}$energy threshold of MSTs proved more suitable for observing transients than the${\sim}1.2\,\mathrm{TeV}$threshold of SSTs. An array of four MSTs at 1 000 m was estimated to give a5.7$\sigma$detection of an RS Ophiuchi-like nova eruption from a 4-h observation. We conclude that an array of four MST-class IACTs at an Australian site would ideally complement the capabilities of CTA.
Uncovering Sparsity and Heterogeneity in Firm-Level Return Predictability Using Machine Learning
Authors: Evgeniou Theodoros , Guecioueur Ahmed , Prieto Rodolfo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe develop an approach that combines the estimation of monthly firm-level expected returns with an assignment of firms to (possibly) latent groups, both based on observable characteristics, using machine learning principles with linear models. The best-performing methods are flexible two-stage sparse models that capture group-membership predictive relationships. Portfolios formed to exploit such group-varying predictions based on a parsimonious set of characteristics deliver economically meaningful returns with low turnover. We propose statistical tests based on nonparametric bootstrapping for our results, and detail how different characteristics may matter for different groups of firms, making comparisons to the existing literature.
Heritability is a poor, if not unhelpful, measure of complex human behavioral processes
Authors: Fuentes Agustín , Bird Kevin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Heritability is not a measure of the relative contribution of nature vis-à-vis nurture, nor is it the phenotypic variance explained by or because of genetic variance. Heritability is a correlative value. The evolutionary and developmental processes associated with human culture challenge the use of “heritability” for understanding human behavior.
The implications of the cultural evolution of heritability for evolutionary psychology
Authors: Racine Timothy P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUchiyama et al. provide a compelling analysis of cultural influences on estimates of the genetic contribution to psychological and behavioral traits. Their focus is on the relevance of their arguments for behavioral genetics and their work resonates with other contemporary approaches that emphasize extra-genetic influences on phenotype. I extend their analysis to consider its relevance for evolutionary psychology.
Evolving the blank slate
Authors: Bates Timothy C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We support Uchiyama et al. in the value of genetics, sample diversification, and context measurement. Against the example of vitamins, we highlight the intransigence of many phenotypes. We caution that while culture can mask genetic differences, the dependence of behaviour on genetics is reinvented and unmasked by novel challenges across generations.
Culture and causal inference: The impact of cultural differences on the generalisability of findings from Mendelian randomisation studies
Authors: Campbell Amy , Munafò Marcus R. , Sallis Hannah M. , Pearson Rebecca M. , Smith Daniel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cultural effects can influence the results of causal genetic analyses, such as Mendelian randomisation, but the potential influences of culture on genotype–phenotype associations are not currently well understood. Different genetic variants could be associated with different phenotypes in different populations, or culture could confound or influence the direction of the association between genotypes and phenotypes in different populations.
A review of mental health disparities during COVID-19: Evidence, mechanisms, and policy recommendations for promoting societal resilience
Authors: Parenteau Anna M. , Boyer Chase J. , Campos Lillian J. , Carranza Angelica F. , Deer LillyBelle K. , Hartman Dana T. , Bidwell Julie T. , Hostinar Camelia E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSocial and economic inequality are chronic stressors that continually erode the mental and physical health of marginalized groups, undermining overall societal resilience. In this comprehensive review, we synthesize evidence of greater increases in mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among socially or economically marginalized groups in the United States, including (a) people who are low income or experiencing homelessness, (b) racial and ethnic minorities, (c) women and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ+) communities, (d) immigrants and migrants, (e) children and people with a history of childhood adversity, and (f) the socially isolated and lonely. Based on this evidence, we propose that reducing social and economic inequality would promote population mental health and societal resilience to future crises. Specifically, we propose concrete, actionable recommendations for policy, intervention, and practice that would bolster five “pillars” of societal resilience: (1) economic safety and equity, (2) accessible healthcare, including mental health services, (3) combating racial injustice and promoting respect for diversity, equity, and inclusion, (4) child and family protection services, and (5) social cohesion. Although the recent pandemic exposed and accentuated steep inequalities within our society, efforts to rebuild offer the opportunity to re-envision societal resilience and policy to reduce multiple forms of inequality for our collective benefit.
Contrasting Fate of Western Third Pole's Water Resources Under 21st Century Climate Change
Authors: Su Fengge , Pritchard Hamish D. , Yao Tandong , Huang Jingheng , Ou Tinghai , Meng Fanchong , Sun He , Li Ying , Xu Baiqing , Zhu Meilin , Chen Deliang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeasonal melting of glaciers and snow from the western Third Pole (TP) plays important role in sustaining water supplies downstream. However, the future water availability of the region, and even today's runoff regime, are both hotly debated and inadequately quantified. Here, we characterize the contemporary flow regimes and systematically assess the future evolution of total water availability, seasonal shifts, and dry and wet discharge extremes in four most meltwater‐dominated basins in the western TP, by using a process‐based, well‐established glacier‐hydrology model, well‐constrained historical reference climate data, and the ensemble of 22 global climate models with an advanced statistical downscaling and bias correction technique. We show that these basins face sharply diverging water futures under 21st century climate change. In RCP scenarios 4.5 and 8.5, increased precipitation and glacier runoff in the Upper Indus and Yarkant basins more than compensate for decreased winter snow accumulation, boosting annual and summer water availability through the end of the century. In contrast, the Amu and Syr Darya basins will become more reliant on rainfall runoff as glacier ice and seasonal snow decline. Syr Darya summer river‐flows, already low, will fall by 16%–30% by end‐of‐century, and striking increases in peak flood discharge (by >60%), drought duration (by >1 month) and drought intensity (by factor 4.6) will compound the considerable water‐sharing challenges on this major transboundary river.
Impacts of Basal Melting of the Totten Ice Shelf and Biological Productivity on Marine Biogeochemical Components in Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica
Authors: Tamura Tetsuya P. , Nomura Daiki , Hirano Daisuke , Tamura Takeshi , Kiuchi Masaaki , Hashida Gen , Makabe Ryosuke , Ono Kazuya , Ushio Shuki , Yamazaki Kaihe , Nakayama Yoshihiro , Takahashi Keigo D. , Sasaki Hiroko , Murase Hiroto , Aoki Shigeru 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo clarify the impacts of basal melting of the Antarctic ice sheet and biological productivity on biogeochemical processes in Antarctic coastal waters, concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), inorganic nutrients, chlorophyll a, and stable oxygen isotopic ratios (δ18O) were measured from the offshore slope to the ice front of the Totten Ice Shelf (TIS) during the spring/summer of 2018, 2019, and 2020. Modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) intruded onto the continental shelf off the TIS and flowed along bathymetric troughs into the TIS cavity, where it formed a buoyant mixture with glacial meltwater from the ice shelf base. Physical oceanographic processes mostly determined the distributions of DIC, TA, and nutrient concentrations. However, photosynthesis and dilution by meltwater from sea ice and the ice shelf base decreased DIC, TA, and nutrient concentrations in surface water near the ice front. These causes also reduced the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in surface water by more than 100 μatm with respect to mCDW in austral summer of 2018 and 2020, and the surface water became a strong CO2 sink for the atmosphere. Phytoplankton photosynthesis changed DIC and TA in a molar ratio of 106:16. Thus, pCO2 decreased mostly as a result of photosynthesis while dilution by glacial and sea ice meltwater had a small effect. The nutrient consumption ratio suggested that photosynthesis was stimulated by iron in the water column, supplied to the surface layer via buoyancy‐driven upwelling and basal ice shelf meltwater in addition to sea ice meltwater.
How Are Mixed‐Phase Clouds Mixed?
Authors: Korolev Alexei , Milbrandt Jason 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMixed‐phase clouds are recognized as significant contributors to the modulation of precipitation and radiation transfer on both regional and global scales. This study is focused on the analysis of spatial inhomogeneity of mixed‐phase clouds based on an extended data set obtained from airborne in situ observations. The lengths of continuous segments of ice, liquid, and mixed‐phase clouds present a cascade of scales varying from 102 km down to a minimum scale of 100 m determined by the spatial resolution of measurements. It was found that the phase composition of mixed‐phase clouds is highly intermittent, and the frequency of occurrence of ice, liquid, and mixed‐phase regions increases with the decrease of their spatial scales. The distributions of spatial scales have well‐distinguished power‐law dependencies. The results obtained yield insight into the morphology of mixed‐phase clouds and have important implications for improvement in representing subgrid inhomogeneity of mixed‐phase clouds in weather and climate models.
Retrieval of CO Relative Column Abundance in the Martian Thermosphere From FUV Disk Observations by EMM EMUS
Authors: Evans J. S. , Correira J. , Deighan J. , Jain S. , Al Matroushi H. , Al Mazmi H. , Chaffin M. , Curry S. , England S. , Eparvier F. , Fillingim M. , Forget F. , Holsclaw G. , Lillis R. , Lootah F. , Thiemann E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCarbon monoxide (CO) is a sensitive tracer of the thermal profile and winds in Mars' middle atmosphere and the chemistry that balances CO2 in the whole atmosphere of Mars. The Emirates Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS) onboard the Emirates Mars Mission Hope probe images Mars at ultraviolet wavelengths from approximately 100 to 170 nm. ΣCO/CO2, the column density ratio of CO to carbon dioxide, provides a sensitive measure of CO relative variability within the Martian thermosphere. Derived from the heritage of ΣO/N2 used at Earth, the ΣCO/CO2 algorithm uses emission from the CO Fourth Positive Group band system to derive the relative column abundance of CO above ∼70 km. We describe the EMUS ΣCO/CO2 algorithm, review the Level 3 data product, and discuss preliminary validation of the algorithm. The ΣCO/CO2 algorithm produces column density ratios that characterize the spatial structure and relative variability of CO abundance in the Martian thermosphere.
Mantle Flow Pattern Associated With the Patagonian Slab Window Determined From Azimuthal Anisotropy
Authors: Ben‐Mansour Walid , Wiens Douglas A. , Mark Hannah F. , Russo Raymond M. , Richter Andreas , Marderwald Eric , Barrientos Sergio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGeological processes in Southern Patagonia are affected by the Patagonian slab window, formed by the subduction of the Chile Ridge and subsequent northward migration of the Chile Triple Junction. Using shear wave splitting analysis, we observe strong splitting of up to 2.5 s with an E‐W fast direction just south of the triple junction and the edge of the subducting Nazca slab. This region of strong anisotropy is coincident with low uppermost mantle shear velocities and an absence of mantle lithosphere, indicating that the mantle flow occurs in a warm, low‐viscosity, 200–300 km wide shallow mantle channel just to the south of the Nazca slab. The region of flow corresponds to a volcanic gap caused by depleted mantle compositions and absence of slab‐derived water. In most of Patagonia to the south of this channel, splitting fast directions trend NE‐SW consistent with large‐scale asthenospheric flow.
Geology and Stratigraphic Correlation of the Murray and Carolyn Shoemaker Formations Across the Glen Torridon Region, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Fedo C. M. , Bryk A. B. , Edgar L. A. , Bennett K. A. , Fox V. K. , Dietrich W. E. , Banham S. G. , Gupta S. , Stack K. M. , Williams R. M. E. , Grotzinger J. P. , Stein N. T. , Rubin D. M. , Caravaca G. , Arvidson R. E. , Hughes M. N. , Fraeman A. A. , Vasavada A. R. , Schieber J. , Sutter B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Glen Torridon (GT) region within Gale crater, Mars, occurs in contact with the southern side of Vera Rubin ridge (VRR), a well‐defined geomorphic feature that is comparatively resistant to erosion. Prior to detailed ground‐based investigation of GT, its geologic relationship with VRR was unknown. Distinct lithologic subunits within the Jura member (Murray formation), which forms the upper part of VRR, made it possible to be also identified within GT. This indicates that the strata pass across the geomorphic divide between regions. Furthermore, the cross‐bedded lower part of the overlying Knockfarril Hill member (Carolyn Shoemaker formation) also occurs within both VRR and GT. Correlation of both units demonstrates that the strata form a continuous stratigraphic succession regardless of large‐scale geomorphic expression. The lithologic change from mudstone (Jura member) to cross‐bedded sandstone (Knockfarril Hill member) heralds a significant shift in paleoenvironment from lacustrine to fluvial. The upper part of the Knockfarril Hill member consists of interbedded mudstone and sandstone that transitions to the overlying finely laminated mudstone of the Glasgow member, and a return to lacustrine deposition. In GT, the Stimson formation unconformably overlies the Glasgow member, where it demarks the southern boundary of GT. Contacts for each stratigraphic unit were defined and transferred to a high‐resolution image base to make a geologic map and cross sections perpendicular to the NE strike. Stratal dips cannot exceed 2° NW to retain the positions of stratigraphic units in the locations they are exposed throughout GT.
Comment on “Groundwater Affects the Geomorphic and Hydrologic Properties of Coevolved Landscapes” by Litwin et al.
Authors: Anand Shashank Kumar , Bonetti Sara , Camporeale Carlo , Hooshyar Milad , Porporato Amilcare 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe objective of this comment is to correct two sets of statements in Litwin et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006239), which consider our research work (Bonetti et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2017.0693; Bonetti et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911817117). We clarify here that (a) the specific contributing area is defined in the limit of an infinitesimal contour length instead of the product of a reference contour width (Bonetti et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2017.0693), and (b) not all solutions obtained from the minimalist landscape evolution model of Bonetti et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911817117) are rescaled copies of each other. We take this opportunity to demonstrate that the boundary conditions impact the obtained solutions, which has not been considered in the dimensional analysis of Litwin et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006239). We clarify this point by using dimensional analysis and numerical simulations for a square domain, where only one horizontal length scale (the side length l) enters the physical law.