bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of brain function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus measured by different analysis methods: A new coordinate-based meta-analysis of neuroimaging
Authors: Li Ze-Yang , Ma Teng , Yu Ying , Hu Bo , Han Yu , Xie Hao , Ni Min-Hua , Chen Zhu-Hong , Zhang Yang-Ming , Huang Yu-Xiang , Li Wen-Hua , Wang Wen , Yan Lin-Feng , Cui Guang-Bin 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveNeuroimaging meta-analysis identified abnormal neural activity alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but there was no consistency or heterogeneity analysis between different brain imaging processing strategies. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine consistent changes of regional brain functions in T2DM via the indicators obtained by using different post-processing methods.MethodsSince the indicators obtained using varied post-processing methods reflect different neurophysiological and pathological characteristics, we further conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) of the two categories of neuroimaging literature, which were grouped according to similar data processing methods: one group included regional homogeneity (ReHo), independent component analysis (ICA), and degree centrality (DC) studies, while the other group summarized the literature on amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and cerebral blood flow (CBF).ResultsThe final meta-analysis included 23 eligible trials with 27 data sets. Compared with the healthy control group, when neuroimaging studies were combined with ReHo, ICA, and DC measurements, the brain activity of the right Rolandic operculum, right supramarginal gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus in T2DM patients decreased significantly. When neuroimaging studies were combined with ALFF and CBF measurements, there was no clear evidence of differences in the brain function between T2DM and HCs.ConclusionT2DM patients have a series of spontaneous abnormal brain activities, mainly involving brain regions related to learning, memory, and emotion, which provide early biomarkers for clarifying the mechanism of cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric disorders in diabetes.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=247071, PROSPERO [CRD42021247071].
Independent predictors and risk score for intraprocedural rupture during endovascular treatment of small ruptured intracranial aneurysms (<5 mm)
Authors: Peng Fei , Feng Xin , He Xiaoxin , Niu Hao , Zhang Hong , Tong Xin , Zhang Baorui , Xia Jiaxiang , Chen Xuge , Xu Boya , Qi Peng , Lu Jun , Wang Daming , Liu Aihua 
Published: August 2022

Background and purposeIntraprocedural rupture (IPR) is a devastating complication of endovascular treatment (EVT). Small-sized and ruptured aneurysms are independent predictors of IPR, which presents a technical challenge during EVT. We aimed to develop a score to quantify the individual patient risk of IPR in the EVT of small (&lt;5 mm) ruptured aneurysms (SRAs).MethodsA retrospective review was conducted to interrogate databases prospectively maintained at two academic institutions in China from January 2009 to October 2016. We collected intraoperative angiograms and medical records to identify independent predictors of IPR using univariate and multivariable analyses. A risk score for IPR was derived using multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf the 290 enrolled patients, IPR occurred in 16 patients (5.5%). The univariate analysis showed that the rate of IPR was significantly higher in patients having aneurysms with a small basal outpouching (SBO), in patients having aneurysms concomitant with adjacent moderate atherosclerotic stenosis (ACAMAS), and in former or current smokers. Multivariate analyses showed that SBO [odds ratio (OR): 3.573; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.078–11.840; p = 0.037], vascular eloquence (VE; OR: 3.780; 95% CI: 1.080–13.224; p = 0.037), and ACAMAS (OR: 6.086; 95% CI: 1.768–20.955; p = 0.004) were significantly and independently associated with IPR. A three-point risk score (S-V-A) was derived to predict IPR [SBO (yes = 1), VE (yes = 1), and ACAMAS (yes = 1)].ConclusionsIntraprocedural rupture occurred in 5.5% of the patients during EVT of SRA. SBO, VE, and ACAMAS were independent risk factors of IPR in the EVT of SRA. Based on these variables, the S-V-A score may be useful in predicting IPR daily, but more confirmation studies are required.
Effect of electroacupuncture on cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A-vanillic acid receptor subtype 1 of the transient receptor potential/PLK-protein kinase C-vanillic acid receptor subtype 1 of the transient receptor potential pathway based on RNA-seq analysis in prostate tissue in rats with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors: Wu Xiao-Ling , Cheng Kai , Xu Chang , Chai Ye-Mao , Yap Tai-Heng , Yang Zhi-Wen , Sun Qian-Hui , Tan Yan , Zhang Jia-Ni , Chen Wei , Qiu Xing-Hua , Yang Xing-Yue , Li Na 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the analgesic mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) in rats with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).MethodsThirty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group and EA group, with ten rats in each group. The CP/CPPS model was prepared by injecting 50 μL of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the ventral lobes of the prostate tissue, and the sham group was injected with the same dose of saline. After 14 days of modeling, EA was applied to Guanyuan (CV4), Zhongji (CV3), Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Huiyang (BL35) in the EA group. After four courses, H&amp;E staining was performed to observe the prostate tissue morphology, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed for each group, and the selected signaling pathways were verified by qRT-PCR.ResultsThe RNA-Seq analysis results suggested that the analgesic effect of EA on CP/CPPS may be achieved by regulating prostate gene expression, which may be related to multiple biological processes and signaling pathways. qRT-PCR results showed that the vanillic acid receptor subtype 1 of the transient receptor potential (TRPV1), phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase C (PKC), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and protein kinase A (PKA) were all upregulated in the model group compared to the sham group (p &lt; 0.01). Compared with the model group, TRPV1, PLC, PKC, cAMP, and PKA were all downregulated in the EA group (p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionThe analgesic mechanism of EA on CP/CPPS may be achieved through modulation of cAMP-PKA-TRPV1/PLC-PKC-TRPV1 signaling pathway.
Estimating the causal effect of frailty index on vestibular disorders: A two-sample Mendelian randomization
Authors: Xiao Gui , Wang Hu , Hu Jiaji , Liu Li , Zhang Tingting , Zhou Mengjia , Li Xingxing , Qin Chunxiang 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundFrailty index and vestibular disorders appear to be associated in observational studies, but causality of the association remains unclear.MethodsA two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was implemented to explore the causal relationship between the frailty index and vestibular disorders in individuals of European descent. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of frailty index was used as the exposure (n = 175, 226), whereas the GWAS of vestibular disorders was the outcome (n = 462,933). MR Steiger filtering method was conducted to investigate the causal effect of the frailty index on vestibular disorders. An inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach was used as the essential approach to examine the causality. Additionally, the MR-Egger methods, the simple mode analysis, the weighted median analysis, and the weighted mode analysis were used as supplementary methods. The MR-PRESSO analysis, the MR-Egger intercept analysis, and Cochran's Q statistical analysis also were used to detect the possible heterogeneity as well as directional pleiotropy. To evaluate this association, the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used. All statistical analyses were performed in R. The STROBE-MR checklist for the reporting of MR studies was used in this study.ResultsIn total, 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified as effective instrumental variables (IVs) in the two sample MR analyses. The significant causal effect of the frailty index on vestibular disorders was demonstrated by IVW method [OR 1.008 (95% CI 1.003, 1.013), p = 0.001]. Results from the various sensitivity analysis were consistent. The “leave-one-out” analysis indicated that our results were robust even without a single SNP. According to the MR-Egger intercept test [intercept = −0.000151, SE = 0.011, p = 0.544], genetic pleiotropy did not affect the results. No heterogeneity was detected by Cochran's Q test. Results of MR Steiger directionality test indicated the accuracy of our estimate of the potential causal direction (Steiger p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThe MR study suggested that genetically predicted frailty index may be associated with an increased risk of vestibular disorders. Notably, considering the limitations of this study, the causal effects between frailty index and vestibular disorders need further investigation. These results support the importance of effectively managing frailty which may minimize vestibular disorders and improve the quality of life for those with vestibular disorders.
Automatic detection and delineation of pediatric gliomas on combined [18F]FET PET and MRI
Authors: Ladefoged Claes Nøhr , Henriksen Otto Mølby , Mathiasen René , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Andersen Flemming Littrup , Højgaard Liselotte , Borgwardt Lise , Law Ian , Marner Lisbeth 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionBrain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the second most common cancer type in children and adolescents. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with radiolabeled amino acids visualizes the amino acid uptake in brain tumor cells compared with the healthy brain tissue, which provides additional information over magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for differential diagnosis, treatment planning, and the differentiation of tumor relapse from treatment-related changes. However, tumor delineation is a time-consuming task subject to inter-rater variability. We propose a deep learning method for the automatic delineation of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine ([18F]FET PET) pediatric CNS tumors.MethodsA total of 109 [18F]FET PET and MRI scans from 66 pediatric patients with manually delineated reference were included. We trained an artificial neural network (ANN) for automatic delineation and compared its performance against the manual reference on delineation accuracy and subsequent clinical metric accuracy. For clinical metrics, we extracted the biological tumor volume (BTV) and tumor-to-background mean and max (TBRmean and TBRmax).ResultsThe ANN produced high tumor overlap (median dice-similarity coefficient [DSC] of 0.93). The clinical metrics extracted with the manual reference and the ANN were highly correlated (r ≥ 0.99). The spatial location of TBRmax was identical in almost all cases (96%). The ANN and the manual reference produced similar changes in the clinical metrics between baseline and follow-up scans.ConclusionThe proposed ANN achieved high concordance with the manual reference and may be an important tool for decision aid, limiting inter-reader variance and improving longitudinal evaluation in clinical routine, and for future multicenter studies of pediatric CNS tumors.
Gypenosides ameliorate high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via farnesoid X receptor activation
Authors: Li Hongshan , Xi Yingfei , Liu Hongliang , Xin Xin 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundGypenosides (Gyps), the major botanical component of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, was found to up-regulate the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the exact role of FXR and underlying mechanisms in Gyps-mediated effects on NASH remain to be elucidated.PurposeThis study investigated whether Gyps attenuates NASH through directly activating FXR in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NASH, and delineated the molecular pathways involved.Study designA mouse model of HFD-induced NSAH was used to examine effects of Gyps on NASH with obeticholic acid (OCA) as a positive control, and the role of FXR in its mechanism of action was investigated in wild-type (WT) and FXR knockout (KO) mice.MethodsWT or FXR KO mice were randomly assigned into four groups: normal diet (ND) group as negative control, HFD group, HFD + Gyps group, or HFD + OCA group.ResultsTreatment with Gyps and OCA significantly improved liver histopathological abnormalities in HFD-induced NASH, reduced the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (NAS), and lowered hepatic triglyceride (TG) content compared with the HFD group. In agreement with these liver tissue changes, biochemical tests of blood samples revealed that alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), TG, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and fasting insulin (FINS) levels were significantly lower in the HFD + Gyps vs. HFD group. Furthermore, Gyps and OCA treatment significantly up-regulated hepatic FXR, small heterodimer partner (SHP), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression, and significantly down-regulated sterol-regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthetase (FASN), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) protein levels compared with the HFD group in WT mice but not in FXR KO mice. Notably, Gyps- and OCA-mediated pharmacological effects were significantly abrogated by depletion of the FXR gene in FXR KO mice.ConclusionGyps ameliorated HFD-induced NASH through the direct activation of FXR and FXR-dependent signaling pathways.
Case Report: Resolution of radiation pneumonitis with androgens and growth hormone
Authors: Yen Allen , Westover Kenneth D. 
Published: August 2022

Radiation pneumonitis (RP) occurs in some patients treated with thoracic radiation therapy. RP often self-resolves, but when severe it is most commonly treated with corticosteroids because of their anti-inflammatory properties. Androgens and human growth hormone (HGH) also have anti-inflammatory and healing properties in the lung, but have not been studied as a remedy for RP. Here we present a case of corticosteroid-refractory RP that resolved with androgen and HGH-based therapy.Case PresentationA 62 year old male body builder with excellent performance status presented with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer characterized by a 7 cm mass in the right lower lobe and associated right hilar and subcarinal lymph node involvement. He was treated with chemoradiation and an excellent tumor response was observed. However, 2 months post-treatment he developed severe shortness of breath and imaging was consistent with RP. His RP was refractory to prednisone and antibiotic therapy, despite various regimens over a 9 month period. The patient self-treated with an androgen and HGH-based regimen and the RP promptly resolved.ConclusionThe anti-inflammatory properties of androgens and HGH have prompted an exploration of their potential role in therapeutic strategies to treat pro-inflammatory conditions such as sepsis, infections and interstitial lung disease. This case study suggests a potential role for the use of androgens for the treatment of steroid-refractory RP after radiation therapy. However, the applicability of this strategy to general populations should be weighed carefully against secondary effects of these agents, especially in the setting of cancer survivorship.
Risk and prognosis of secondary bladder cancer after radiation therapy for pelvic cancer
Authors: Li Shuofeng , Wei Ran , Yu Guanhua , Liu Hengchang , Chen Tianli , Guan Xu , Wang Xishan , Jiang Zheng 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundRadiation therapy (RT) is a crucial modality for the local control of pelvic cancer (PC), but the effect of pelvic RT on the development of secondary malignancy is still unclear. This study aimed to identify the relationship between radiation therapy received for the treatment of primary PC and subsequent secondary bladder cancer (SBC).MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (from 1975 to 2015) was queried for PC. Fine-gray competing risk regression and Cox regression analyses were employed to assess the cumulative incidence of SBC. Poisson regression and multiple primary standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were used to evaluate the radiotherapy-associated risk for patients receiving RT. Subgroup analyses of patients stratified by latency time since PC diagnosis, calendar year of PC diagnosis stage, and age at PC diagnosis were also performed. Overall survival (OS) was compared among different treatment groups with SBC by Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsA total of 318,165 observations showed that the primary cancers were located in pelvic cavity, 256,313 patients did not receive radiation therapy (NRT), 51,347 patients who underwent external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), and 10,505 patients receiving a combination of EBRT and brachytherapy (EBRT–BRT) who developed SBC. Receiving two types of radiotherapy was strongly consistent with a higher risk of developing SBC for PC patients in Fine-Gray competing risk regression (NRT vs. EBRT, adjusted HR= 1.71, 95% CI: 1.54-1.90, P&lt;0.001; NRT vs. EBRT–BRT, adjusted HR= 2.16, 95% CI: 1.78-2.63, P&lt;0.001). The results of the dynamic SIR and Poisson regression analysis for SBC revealed that a slightly increased risk of SBC was observed after RT in the early latency and was significantly related to the variations of age at PC diagnosis and decreased with time progress. For OS, the SBC after NRT, SBC after EBRT, and SBC after EBRT-BRT of 10-year survival rates were 37.9%, 29.2%, and 22.2%, respectively.ConclusionRadiotherapy for primary PC was associated with higher risks of developing SBC than patients unexposed to radiotherapy. Different pelvic RT treatment modalities had different effects on the risk of SBC.
Efficacy and safety of LongShengZhi capsule on functional recovery after acute ischemic stroke (LONGAN): Protocol and statistical analysis plan for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Li Tingting , Wang Anxin , Feng Luda , Lai Xinxing , Cao Kegang , Zhou Li , Yang Baolin , Cui Fangyuan , Li Qingbin , Dou Jinjuan , Qi Baoyun , Zhang Chi , Gao Ying 
Published: August 2022

Background:Due to limited time windows and technical requirements, only a small percentage of patients can receive reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Previous studies have shown that LongShengZhi (LSZ) capsule can improve neurological outcomes in patients after AIS, yet those results have not been finally verified through rigorous randomized controlled trials. Thus, this trial was designed to further clarify the efficacy and safety of LSZ capsule for patients with AIS.Methods:LSZ capsule on Functional Recovery after Acute Ischemic Stroke (LONGAN) trial is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, superiority trial that enrolls patients from stroke and rehabilitation units in China. We will enroll 1,376 patients aged 18 years or older with AIS within 7 days of symptom onset and a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 4–15. Eligible patients will be randomized to receive either 2 g LSZ capsules three times a day or placebo LSZ capsules for 90 days. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes, as measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 90 days after randomization. The main safety outcome is the proportion of severe adverse events.Conclusion:This study will be the first randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LSZ capsule in patients with AIS. In order to improve the transparency and reproducibility of the trial, the data will be analyzed in accordance with this pre-specified plan for statistical analysis to reduce bias due to selective analysis and reporting. This trial aims to provide high-quality evidence for the efficacy and safety of LSZ capsule for AIS.
Structural features and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from different parts of Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen
Authors: Li Li-Xia , Chen Meng-Si , Zhang Zi-Yu , Paulsen Berit Smestad , Rise Frode , Huang Chao , Feng Bin , Chen Xing-Fu , Jia Ren-Yong , Ding Chun-Bang , Feng Shi-Ling , Li Yang-Ping , Chen Yu-Long , Huang Zhen , Zhao Xing-Hong , Yin Zhong-Qiong , Zou Yuan-Feng 
Published: August 2022

In this study, three acidic polysaccharides from different plant parts of Codonopsis pilosula var. Modesta (Nannf.) L. T. Shen were obtained by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography, and the yields of these three polysaccharides were different. According to the preliminary experimental results, the antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from rhizomes and fibrous roots (CLFP-1) were poor, and was thus not studied further. Due to this the structural features of polysaccharides from roots (CLRP-1) and aerial parts (CLSP-1) were the object for this study and were structurally characterized, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated. As revealed by the results, the molecular weight of CLRP-1and CLSP-1 were 15.9 kDa and 26.4 kDa, respectively. The monosaccharide composition of CLRP-1 was Ara, Rha, Fuc, Xyl, Man, Gal, GlcA, GalA in a ratio of 3.8: 8.4: 1.0: 0.8: 2.4: 7.4: 7.5: 2.0: 66.7, and Ara, Rha, Gal, GalA in a ratio of 5.8: 8.9: 8.0: 77.0 in for CLSP-1. The results of structural elucidation indicated that both CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 were pectic polysaccharides, mainly composed of 1, 4-linked galacturonic acid with long homogalacturonan regions. Arabinogalactan type I and arabinogalactan type II were presented as side chains. The antioxidant assay in IPEC-J2 cells showed that both CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 promoted cell viability and antioxidant activity, which significantly increase the level of total antioxidant capacity and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and decrease the content of malondialdehyde. Moreover, CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 also showed powerful antioxidant abilities in Caenorhabditis elegans and might regulate the nuclear localization of DAF-16 transcription factor, induced antioxidant enzymes activities, and further reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde contents to increase the antioxidant ability of Caenorhabditis elegans. Thus, these finding suggest that CLRP-1 and CLSP-1 could be used as potential antioxidants.