bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of acidifying amendments on P availability in calcareous soils
Authors: Brownrigg Stephanie , McLaughlin Michael J. , McBeath Therese , Vadakattu Gupta 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhosphorus (P) reactions in calcareous soils limit the concentration of P in the soil solution for plant uptake. Calcareous soils with high calcium carbonate content (CaCO3) and high pH have low P fertiliser efficiency, leading to crop deficiency and limited crop productivity. The aim of this work was to test if soil acidifying amendments could reduce soil pH and improve the solubility of fertiliser P to improve crop P nutrition and biomass. Three calcareous soils with varying CaCO3 content (14–29% w/w) were used to test acidifying amendments both with and without mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP). Soil was amended with oxalic acid, sulfuric acid, glucose, ammonium sulfate and elemental sulfur (S0). Initial titrations demonstrated the ability of oxalic and sulfuric acids to reduce pH and improve P solubility in all three soils. Incubation of the acidifying amendments in the soil with the lowest carbonate content over 14 days (52 days for S0) showed increased P solubility and diffusion from MAP granules in soil amended with glucose, sulfuric acid and oxalic acid. There was, however, no improvement in P fertiliser uptake in wheat crops grown in these highly calcareous soils.
Freshwater microcrustaceans (Copepoda: Cyclopidae) on islands: a review
Authors: Hołyńska Maria , Sługocki Łukasz 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the insular diversity and its determinants in the freshwater invertebrates in comparison to land animals. Our goal is to obtain global-scale information on the insular diversity in Cyclopidae, test its relationships with the geographical variables in different types of islands, and compare the patterns to those observed in other organisms. In total 291 species and subspecies were reported in the 35 islands included in our analyses. The total and endemic species richness have strong positive correlations with surface area and maximum elevation of the islands; regression slopes are larger in the oceanic than in continental islands. Small-island effects occur in the relationships between the endemic species richness and area and elevation. Distance from mainland has negative correlations with the total and endemic species richness in the oceanic islands. Compositional similarity (in contrast to species richness) is determined by the geographic variables to only a minor extent, while space has stronger impact. The relationships found in Cyclopidae generally fit those observed in other predominantly terrestrial organisms, yet some characteristics (negative intercepts in the area–species and elevation–species relationships; large area and high elevation thresholds below which no endemic species occurs) are suggested to be specific to fresh waters.
Changing water quality and thermocline depth along an aquaculture gradient in six tropical crater lakes
Authors: Briddon Charlotte L. , Metcalfe Sarah , Taylor David , Bannister Wayne , Cunanan Melandro , Santos-Borja Adelina C. , Papa Rey Donne , McGowan Suzanne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how lakes respond to changes in nutrient loading along a productivity gradient can help identify key drivers of aquatic change, thereby allowing appropriate mitigation strategies to be developed. Physical, chemical and biological water column measurements combined with long-term water monitoring data for six closely located crater lakes, in Southeast Asia, were compared to assess the response of lakes along a productivity gradient equating to a transect of increasing aquaculture intensity. Increasing chlorophyll a (phytoplankton biomass) in the upper waters appeared to modify the thermocline depth and light availability causing a shift from a deep chlorophyll maximum at low aquaculture intensity to the emergence of algal dead zones lower in the water column with high aquaculture intensity. High phosphorus loading and light limitation from enhanced algal biomass, associated with high aquaculture intensity, exacerbated nitrogen drawdown, leading to the prevalence of potentially nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Seasonal overturn during the cooler season resulted in low dissolved oxygen concentrations in the epilimnion, potential harmful algal blooms, a reduction in the habitable depth for fish and ultimately increased mortality amongst farmed fish.
Teachers’ practices of integrating challenging demands of inclusive mathematics education in a professional development program
Authors: Büscher Christian , Prediger Susanne 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhen implementing educational innovations, teachers’ approaches to integrating new teaching demands are a crucial factor in their professional development. This becomes especially important in inclusive mathematics education, where teachers are demanded to integrate two jobs: (a) create joint learning experiences for all students and (b) provide focused learning opportunities for individuals. These jobs and the orientations in which they are pursued are perceived as conflicting demands by some teachers, while others do not. Within the model of content-related teacher expertise, this qualitative study investigates teachers’ practices for integrating these demands by disentangling the interplay between teachers’ self-reported practices and their underlying orientations about inclusive education. The analysis reveals that only some teachers explicate conflicts between inclusive teaching demands. It also shows that teachers command a variety of different practices for dealing with the new teaching demands and that some complex practices can indeed integrate different demands simultaneously. Implications include the insight that professional development programs on inclusive education should pay careful attention to teachers’ articulated jobs and orientations in order to promote the integration of teaching demands. Beyond this specific professional development content, the search for practices for integrating demands arising from an interplay of jobs and orientations might be a promising professional development research approach for increasing the scope of professional development.
Fabrication of Magnetic Fe3O4/Polypyrrole/Carbon Black Nanocomposite for Effective Uptake of Congo Red and Methylene Blue Dye: Adsorption Investigation and Mechanism
Authors: Ali Heba , Ismail A. M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn most wastewater systems, the existence of more than one dye is a reality. Herein, mesoporous iron oxide/polypyrrole/carbon black (Fe3O4/PPy/C) nanocomposite with high saturation magnetization (45.2 emu/g) has been prepared by encapsulating very fine Fe3O4 nanoparticles (4–7 nm) in PPy/C for the first time. The superior adsorption performance of the developed Fe3O4/PPy/C nanocomposite for the removal of basic dye (methylene blue, MB) and acidic dye (Congo red, CR) has been studied in single and binary systems. XRD, FESEM, EDX, HRTEM, FT-IR, VSM, BET, and zeta potential analyses were used for adsorbent characterization. XRD, EDX, and FT-IR findings confirmed the successful inclusion of Fe3O4 into the polymer matrix. The XDR and HRTEM results revealed a significant reduction in the size of the grown Fe3O4 with the addition of PPy/C, which acts as a particle growth inhibitor, and thus the nanocomposite has a greater surface area reached 341.01 m2/g relative to 210.66 m2/g and 277.59 m2/g for pure Fe3O4 and PPy/C, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm matched the experimental data quite well, with R2 and adsorption capacity of 0.994 and 500 mg/g for CR and 0.995 and 90.9 mg/g for MB, respectively. The effectiveness of Fe3O4/PPy/C nanocomposite to remove both CR and MB from binary solution reached 96.9% for CR and 95.9% for MB. In kinetic investigations, the sorption of both dyes obeyed the pseudo-second order model, where R2 equals 0.999 and 0.998 for CR and MB, respectively. Desorption tests revealed the easy separation and good efficiency of the nanocomposite after four cycles. Finally, the sorption mechanism was discussed in detail based on FTIR analysis. Therefore, the developed nanocomposite is a bi-functional, recyclable, and efficient adsorbent for environmental applications.
Knowledge Brokering Repertoires: Academic Practices at Science-Policy Interfaces as an Epistemological Bricolage
Authors: Bandola-Gill Justyna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the rise of research impact as a ‘third’ space (next to research and teaching) within the universities in the United Kingdom and beyond, academics are increasingly expected to not only produce research but also engage in brokering knowledge beyond academia. And yet little is known about the ways in which academics shape their practices in order to respond to these new forms of institutionalised expectations and make sense of knowledge brokering as a form of academic practice. Drawing on 51 qualitative interviews with researchers and research users involved in two large knowledge brokering initiatives in the UK, this study identifies four repertoires of co-production practices: (i)Challengeto the existing policy framework, (ii)Deliberationbetween diverse stakeholders, (iii)Evidence interventionproducing of actionable knowledge, and (iv)Advocacyfor specific evidence-based options. By exploring knowledge brokering as navigation of different knowledge production regimes – traditionally academic and policy-oriented – the paper contributes to the existing debates by providing insights into the nature of navigating science-policy interactions as a process of epistemological bricolage, requiring an assemblage of different meanings, values and practices into new repertoires of practice. Importantly, the choice of a repertoire is not limited to the individual choice of a researcher but rather, it is shaped by the broader institutional context of higher education, riskinginstrumental biasin which practices oriented towards practical solutions are incentivised over critical or participatory forms of engagement.
Was evolution worth it?
Authors: Kahane Guy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe evolutionary process involved the suffering of quadrillions of sentient beings over millions of years. I argue that when we take this into account, then it is likely that when the first humans appeared, the world was already at an enormous axiological deficit, and that even on favorable assumptions about humanity, it is doubtful that we have overturned this deficit or ever will. Even if there’s no such deficit or we can overturn it, it remains the case that everything of value associated with humanity was made possible by our evolutionary history and all that animal suffering. It can seem indecent to regard all that past suffering as having been worth it simply because it was a causal precondition for our existence. But when we consider the realistic alternatives to the way evolution in fact unfolded, there is nevertheless a conditional case for regarding past sentient suffering as a kind of necessary evil.
Acting for reasons and the metaphysics of time
Authors: Pearson Olley 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper concerns acting for reasons and how this can inform debates about the metaphysics of time. Storrs-Fox (2021) has argued against the A-theory of time on the grounds that it cannot adequately account for the explanation of actions. Storrs-Fox assumes that explanation is forever. He argues that this is incompatible with the A-theory because the reasons people act for are the explanantia of their actions, though according to the A-theory these reasons, that is facts, often do not obtain forever and therefore nor do the explanations. I will argue that many particular explanatory relations are not forever because reasons for actions must often fade as a person cannot now have a reason to do something at an earlier time. Generally, people cannot affect the past and therefore cannot have rational obligations to do so. Therefore, the A-theory does not face the problem Storrs-Fox suggests. In fact, the A-theory says what ought to be said and accounts for the wider phenomena of responding to reasons better than the B-theory. It is often the case that an agent acts rationally only if that agent acts on the basis of a present tensed belief. This implies that present tensed beliefs capture facts that no tenseless beliefs do, because the rationality of an action is determined by the reasons an agent acts for, not the beliefs through which the agent is aware of these. However, the B-theory, unlike the A-theory, denies there are any facts thus uniquely captured by present tensed beliefs.
Gigantism: microsurgical treatment by transsphenoidal approach and prognostic factors
Authors: García-Uría Santos María , Fernández Mateos Cecilia , Lucas Morante Tomás , García-Uría José 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We present the results of transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment in 14 patients with gigantism. The influence on the prognosis of factors such as the tumor size and preoperative levels of GH and IGF-1 is also quantified.

Materials and methods
The patients, operated between 1982 and 2004, were reviewed retrospectively in June 2022. All patients had complete endocrinological studies in the preoperative period and a postoperative control between 6 days and 3 weeks. Follow-up has been supported with annual check-ups between 3 and 31 years. We have compared the preoperative levels of GH and IGF-1 of these patients with the levels of a series of acromegalic patients operated on in the same Center.

Results
In this series there were 4 women and 10 men. The age ranged between 14 and 21 years. In 6 patients, postoperative hormone levels achieved the disease control criteria (42.8%). The CT/MRI studies revealed the existence of invasive tumors in 10 of the patients (71.4%). Postoperative CT/MRI showed no tumor tissue in 3 patients but in 7 patients there were tumor remains. The remaining 4 patients had abnormal images although not considered as tumor. A statistical comparison of preoperative serum GH and IGF-1 levels in patients with gigantism and patients with acromegaly showed a significant elevation in the former.

Conclusion
Pituitary adenomas that cause gigantism are generally large and invasive, which makes them difficult to cure. High preoperative levels of GH and IGF-1 are also factors that decrease remission.
The epistemological foundations of data science: a critical review
Authors: Desai Jules , Watson David , Wang Vincent , Taddeo Mariarosaria , Floridi Luciano 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe modern abundance and prominence of data have led to the development of “data science” as a new field of enquiry, along with a body of epistemological reflections upon its foundations, methods, and consequences. This article provides a systematic analysis and critical review of significant open problems and debates in the epistemology of data science. We propose a partition of the epistemology of data science into the following five domains: (i) the constitution of data science; (ii) the kind of enquiry that it identifies; (iii) the kinds of knowledge that data science generates; (iv) the nature and epistemological significance of “black box” problems; and (v) the relationship between data science and the philosophy of science more generally.
Working the boundary: science–policy interactions and uneven knowledge politics in IPBES
Authors: Wiegleb Viviana , Bruns Antje 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe rising demand for policy-relevant knowledge has supported the emergence of global boundary organizations at the science–policy interface. By synthesizing environmental knowledge for policy-makers, boundary organizations influence how we know and govern sustainability challenges. Therefore, it is essential to better understand what happens in and through these organizations. This paper examines the very practices that configure science–policy relations in global boundary organizations by studying the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Through Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Political Ecology perspectives, we disclose mechanisms of boundary work that demarcate science from non-science and, hereby, determine which expertise becomes authoritative in IPBES. Building on original empirical data, we first examine how science and policy domains were interrelated during the IPBES global assessment process (2016–2019). Second, we investigate how this boundary work shaped the production of biodiversity knowledge. Our findings indicate that integration and demarcation efforts configured science–policy relations through formalized and informal mechanisms. We argue that this boundary work continuously established science as authoritative voice for addressing biodiversity loss in IPBES. Spatial aspects of boundary work highlight power differentials between IPBES member States that manifested in uneven geographies of knowledge. Instead of concealing these inequalities through the norm of political neutrality, we need to recognize boundary organizations as political spaces in which science and policy are co-produced. By adopting a critical and reflexive co-productionist approach, it becomes possible to addresses uneven knowledge–power relations through more inclusive and transparent practices. Boundary organizations, such as IPBES, are then able to provide more diversified environmental explanations and transformative solutions.
Development and Investigation of Mesoporous Bioactive Glass/Zein Coatings Electrodeposited on Titanium Alloy for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Maciąg F. , Moskalewicz T. , Cholewa-Kowalska K. , Hadzhieva Z. , Dziadek M. , Łukaszczyk A. , Boccaccini A. R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The objective of the present work was the development of cathodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to obtain composite coatings of mesoporous sol–gel glass (MSGG) particles embedded in a zein matrix on Ti-13Nb-13Zr substrates. To deposit robust and repeatable coatings, a direct current EPD and pulsed direct current EPD as well as the deposition kinetics were investigated, including the deposition yield and deposition rate. The stability of the suspension was determined based on the zeta potential and conductivity. Macroscopically homogeneous coatings with a thickness of about 10 µm and various volume fractions of MSGG were subjected to further examination. Coatings were uniform, exhibiting open porosity and showing excellent adhesion to the substrates. Both zein and MSGG particles revealed an amorphous structure. The coated substrates demonstrated greater resistance to electrochemical corrosion in Ringer's electrolyte in comparison with the virgin (non-coated) substrate. The coatings showed high roughness and moderate hydrophilicity. The incubation of the coated substrates in concentrated 1.5 simulated body fluid (1.5SBF) showed the formation of carbonate hydroxyapatite. The composite coatings showed improved antibacterial properties against gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus bacteria compared to pure zein coatings. Electrophoretic MSGG/zein composite coatings should be further investigated in terms of their osteoconductive behavior, to confirm their suitability for medical applications in orthopedics.
Species α-diversity promotes but β-diversity restricts aboveground biomass in tropical forests, depending on stand structure and environmental factors
Authors: Abbasi Umar Aftab , Mattsson Eskil , Nissanka Sarath Premalal , Ali Arshad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractForest plays a vital role in the global biogeochemical cycles through a high rate of carbon sequestration and harboring biodiversity. However, local species diversity is declining while also becoming increasingly homogenized across communities. Although effects of local biotic processes (e.g., species α-diversity and stand structural heterogeneity) and environmental factors on aboveground biomass (AGB) have been widely tested, there is a huge knowledge gap for the effect of regional biotic processes (i.e., taxonomic and functional β-diversity) in forests. Here, we hypothesized that regional and local environmental factors along with biotic processes jointly regulate AGB through species shifts in tropical forests. Using piecewise structural equation modeling (pSEM), we linked climatic water availability, soil fertility, stand structural heterogeneity (either tree DBH inequality, height inequality, or stand density), species α-diversity, taxonomic or functional β-diversity (and its two components; β-turnover and β-richness), and AGB across 189 inventory plots in tropical forests of Sri Lanka. Soil fertility and climatic water availability shaped local and regional biotic processes. Stand structural heterogeneity promoted species α-diversity but declined β-diversity (but increased β-taxonomic turnover). Species α-diversity and stand structural heterogeneity promoted AGB whereas taxonomic and functional β-diversity declined (but β-taxonomic turnover increased) AGB. The relationships of AGB with species α-diversity and β-diversity varied from significant to nonsignificant positive depending on the specific combinations of stand structural heterogeneity metrics used. This study shows that local biotic processes could increase AGB due to the local and regional niche complementarity effect whereas the regional biotic processes could restrict AGB due to the regional selection or functional redundancy effect under favorable environmental conditions. We argue that biotic homogenization, as well as drought conditions, may have strong divergent impacts on forest functions and that the impacts of tree diversity loss may greatly reduce carbon sequestration.
The Usefulness of AirSeal™ Intelligent Flow System in Gas Insufflation Total Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
Authors: Katoh Hiroshi , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Saito Yoshiyuki , Yokota Mitsuo , Kikuchi Mariko , Sengoku Norihiko , Fujisaki Kaoru , Sangai Takafumi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTotal endoscopic thyroidectomy (TET) using low CO2 insufflation provides cosmetic advantage, excellent working space and visibility. On the contrary, suctioning blood or mist/smoke produced by energy device application causes narrowing of working space especially in neck surgery. In this regard, AirSeal intelligent flow system would be particularly suitable in TET. However, the benefit of AirSeal is unknown in TET unlike abdominal surgery. Therefore, the impact of AirSeal was evaluated in TET in this study. Twenty patients who underwent total endoscopic hemithyroidectomy were retrospectively analyzed. Insufflation was conducted by either conventional or AirSeal system according to the surgeon’s preference. Short-term surgical outcomes including operation time, bleeding, frequency of scope cleaning, and disappearance of subcutaneous emphysema were compared as well as actual visibility. AirSeal application dramatically reduced obstacle smoke/mist and prevented narrowing working space by suctioning. Frequency of scope cleaning was significantly less in AirSeal group than that in conventional group (p = 0.016). In patients with nodule < 5 cm, intraoperative hemorrhage was less in AirSeal group than that in the counterpart (p = 0.077) regardless of larger nodule size in AirSeal group (p = 0.058). Notably, subcutaneous emphysema around surgical cavity disappeared significantly earlier in AirSeal group than in the counter parts (p = 0.019). On the contrary, AirSeal application did not shorten operation time in the current study. AirSeal provided excellent visibility and seamless operation. AirSeal has great potential to decrease not only surgeon’s stress but surgical invasion on patients. The results in this study give rational to AirSeal application to TET.