bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the contribution of the Adhoc crop health surveillance tool on the food security and livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Uganda
Authors: Nameere‐Kivunike Florence , Gamukama Elly A. , Nakatumba‐Nabende Joyce , Mutembesa Daniel , Tusubira Jeremy Francis , Nsumba Solomon , Omongo Christopher A. , Namanya Gloria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne of the perennial causes of food insecurity in Sub‐Saharan African countries is crop pests and diseases that affect agricultural production. To address this concern in Uganda, a mobile phone crowdsourcing Adhoc surveillance tool, Adsurv, was deployed and used by smallholder farmers. Adsurv is a crop health surveillance and monitoring mobile application that facilitates diagnosing and managing crop pests and diseases. Existing literature has examined the impacts of mobile technologies on food security or livelihoods in isolation, but has not conducted a holistic assessment of both. This study on the other hand aimed at assessing the contribution Adsurv made towards improved food security and livelihood assets of the smallholder farmers, which were not fully understood. The study contributes to applying the sustainable livelihood framework (SLF) as theory in evaluating Mobile for Development (M4D) initiatives. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was further adopted to facilitate the development of a hierarchical assessment model of the multidimensional food security and livelihood aspects using data collected from 56 out of the targeted 70 participants. Results show that Adsurv mainly contributed towards food availability rather than utilization or access. These gains mostly enhanced the human assets of the smallholder farmers, empowering them with skills that positively impacted all other assets to support the attainment of sustainable livelihoods. The implication of these results in both research and practice is the need for further research trials, which will motivate farmers to recognize the importance of the nutritional value of food in their agronomic practices.
Reactivities of silane coupling agents in the silica/rubber composites: Theoretical insights into the relationships between energy barriers and electronic characteristics
Authors: Ma Delong , Ma Song , Li Yunfeng , Yuan Jianyong , He Jionghao , Zhao Shuangliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSi69 and Si75, typical commodities of silane coupling agents, are often employed in tire recipes to work as the bridges connecting silica and polymers, with which rolling resistance and wet traction are enhanced without loss in abrasion resistance. In this article, the reactivities of Si69 and Si75 with silica and various rubbers were theoretically investigated by using density functional theory (DFT). When the agents were coupled with silica, not only the acid+water condition but also the pure acid condition was confirmed to readily trigger the condensation reactions. The corresponding Gibbs free energy barriers were related to the charge distributions of reaction regions. As the agents suffered from the homolysis of central SS bonds, the generated single‐S‐tailer radicals (RS·) showed significantly higher reactivities of both the radical addition and the α‐H transfer reactions with rubbers, due to the stronger radical philicities of the terminal sulfur radicals with larger condensed local softnesses [s0(S)]. When the agents underwent the heterolysis of central SS bonds, the terminal sulfur anions with smaller s−(S) indices, however, facilitated the nucleophilic addition reactions with rubbers. Several derivative indices based on the condensed local softnesses were also proposed here to shed light on the reactivities from the viewpoint of the relationship between energy barriers and electronic characteristics. The above findings pave the way for the design of new kinds of silane coupling agents using computer‐aided techniques, and meanwhile, provide references for the practical application of Si69 and Si75 to the silica/rubbers systems.
IgG autoantibodies against ACE2 in SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients
Authors: Hallmann Ewelina , Sikora Dominika , Poniedziałek Barbara , Szymański Karol , Kondratiuk Katarzyna , Żurawski Jakub , Brydak Lidia , Rzymski Piotr 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHow frequently autoantibodies against angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) occur in patients infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 is understudied and limited to investigations on a small sample size. The presence of these antibodies may contribute to the long‐lasting effects of COVID‐19 observed in some individuals, particularly if IgG‐class antibodies would emerge in patients. This study assessed the prevalence of IgG autoantibodies against ACE2 in 1139 patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and examined their relationship with severity, demographic characteristics, and status of vaccination against influenza. The overall prevalence of anti‐ACE IgG antibodies in our cohort was 1.5%. Most of these individuals were men (76.5%) and underwent mild COVID‐19, but some severe and asymptomatic cases were also observed. Patients with severe infection had twofold higher titers than mild and asymptomatic cases. Age, comorbidities, and influenza vaccination status were not related to antibody prevalence. The prevalence of IgG anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies (against nucleocapsid protein and S2 subunit, but not against receptor‐binding domain) was higher in the subset with ACE2 autoantibodies. Further research is required to understand the potential spectrum and duration of effects of IgG autoantibodies against ACE2 in patients after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, particularly concerning long COVID‐19.
Quantative MRI predicts tendon mechanical behavior, collagen composition, and organization
Authors: Zellers Jennifer A. , Edalati Masoud , Eekhoff Jeremy D. , McNish Reika , Tang Simon Y. , Lake Spencer P. , Mueller Michael J. , Hastings Mary K. , Zheng Jie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractQuantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) measures have provided insights into the composition, quality, and structure‐function of musculoskeletal tissues. Low signal‐to‐noise ratio has limited application to tendon. Advances in scanning sequences and sample positioning have improved signal from tendon allowing for evaluation of structure and function. The purpose of this study was to elucidate relationships between tendon qMRI metrics (T1, T2, T1ρ and diffusion tensor imaging [DTI] metrics) with tendon tissue mechanics, collagen concentration and organization. Sixteen human Achilles tendon specimens were collected, imaged with qMRI, and subjected to mechanical testing with quantitative polarized light imaging. T2 values were related to tendon mechanics [peak stress (rsp = 0.51, p = 0.044), equilibrium stress (rsp = 0.54, p = 0.033), percent relaxation (rsp = −0.55, p = 0.027), hysteresis (rsp = −0.64, p = 0.007), linear modulus (rsp = 0.67, p = 0.009)]. T1ρ had a statistically significant relationship with percent relaxation (r = 0.50, p = 0.048). Collagen content was significantly related to DTI measures (range of r = 0.56–0.62). T2 values from a single slice of the midportion of human Achilles tendons were strongest predictors of tendon tensile mechanical metrics. DTI diffusivity indices (mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity) were strongly correlated with collagen content. These findings build on a growing body of literature supporting the feasibility of qMRI to characterize tendon tissue and noninvasively measure tendon structure and function. Statement of Clinical Significance: Quantitative MRI can be applied to characterize tendon tissue and is a noninvasive measure that relates to tendon composition and mechanical behavior.
Administration of Alphitobius diaperinus or Tenebrio molitor before meals transiently increases food intake through enterohormone regulation in female rats
Authors: Miguéns‐Gómez Alba , Sierra‐Cruz Marta , Segú Helena , Beltrán‐Debón Raúl , Rodríguez‐Gallego Esther , Terra Ximena , Blay Maria Teresa , Pérez‐Vendrell Anna Maria , Pinent Montserrat , Ardévol Anna 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt has been previously shown that acutely administered insect Alphitobius diaperinus protein increases food intake in rats and modifies the ex vivo enterohormone secretory profile differently than beef or almond proteins. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether these effects could be maintained for a longer period and determine the underlying mechanisms.RESULTSWe administered two different insect species to rats for 26 days and measured food intake at different time points. Both insect species increased food intake in the first week, but the effect was later lost. Glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) and ghrelin were measured in plasma and ex vivo, and no chronic effects on their secretion or desensitization were found. Nevertheless, digested A. diaperinus acutely modified GLP‐1 and ghrelin secretion ex vivo.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that increases in food intake could be explained by a local ghrelin reduction acting in the small intestine. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Protective effects of Capsicum fruits and their constituents on damage in TNF‐α‐stimulated human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Jang Leeseul , Choi Jungwon , Lee Sullim , Lee Sanghyun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAntioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects of natural products on skin cells have been proved to be effective in improving skin damage. Capsicum species contain capsaicinoids that have antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, and various subspecies are cultivated. In this study, the effects of four Capsicum fruits and major constituents on oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions were measured using human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) to verify their effects on skin damage.RESULTSThe inhibitory effects of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by cucumber hot pepper, red pepper (RDP), Shishito pepper (SSP), and Cheongyang pepper were determined in HDFs. RDP and SSP inhibited the production of NO, ROS, and PGE2 in tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐stimulated HDFs. Additionally, SSP seeds restored tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐induced increase in matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and decreased procollagen I α1 (COLIA1). In high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of the capsaicinoids capsaicin (CAP) and dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), CAP was detected at a higher level than DHC in the peel and seeds of all four types of Capsicum fruits, and the total amount of capsaicinoids was the highest in SSP. CAP and DHC, which are major constituents of Capsicum fruits, also inhibited NO, ROS, and PGE2 and restored matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and procollagen I α1.CONCLUSIONRDP and SSP were shown to have a significant protective effect on skin damage, including oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, and reduction of collagens. Capsaicinoids CAP and DHC were proved as active constituents. This research may provide basic data for developing Capsicum fruits as ingredients to improve skin damage, such as inflammation and skin aging. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Predictive Outcomes of Deep Learning Measurement of the Anterior Glottic Angle in Bilateral Vocal Fold Immobility
Authors: DeVore Elliana Kirsh , Adamian Nat , Jowett Nate , Wang Tiffany , Song Phillip , Franco Ramon , Naunheim Matthew Roberts 
Published: November 2022

Objective(1) To compare maximum glottic opening angle (anterior glottic angle, AGA) in patients with bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI), unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI) and normal larynges (NL), and (2) to correlate maximum AGA with patient‐reported outcome measures.MethodsPatients wisth BVFI, UVFI, and NL were retrospectively studied. An open‐source deep learning‐based computer vision tool for vocal fold tracking was used to analyze videolaryngoscopy. Minimum and maximum AGA were calculated and correlated with three patient‐reported outcomes measures.ResultsTwo hundred and fourteen patients were included. Mean maximum AGA was 29.91° (14.40° SD), 42.59° (12.37° SD), and 57.08° (11.14° SD) in BVFI (N = 70), UVFI (N = 70), and NL (N = 72) groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Patients requiring operative airway intervention for BVFI had an average maximum AGA of 24.94° (10.66° SD), statistically different from those not requiring intervention (p = 0.0001). There was moderate negative correlation between Dyspnea Index scores and AGA (Spearman r = −0.345, p = 0.0003). Maximum AGA demonstrated high discriminatory ability for BVFI diagnosis (AUC 0.92, 95% CI 0.81–0.97, p < 0.001) and moderate ability to predict need for operative airway intervention (AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.64–0.89, p < 0.001).ConclusionsA computer vision tool for quantitative assessment of the AGA from videolaryngoscopy demonstrated ability to discriminate between patients with BVFI, UVFI, and normal controls and predict need for operative airway intervention. This tool may be useful for assessment of other neurological laryngeal conditions and may help guide decision‐making in laryngeal surgery.Level of EvidenceIII Laryngoscope, 133:2285–2291, 2023
Characteristics of Orbital Injuries Associated with Maxillofacial Trauma
Authors: Eng James F. , Younes Sami , Crovetti Brielle R. , Williams Katherine J. , Haskins Angela D. , Hernandez David J. , Yen Michael T. , Olson Krista L. , Allen Richard C. , Sivam Sunthosh K. 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThe incidence of ocular injury associated with maxillofacial trauma remains poorly defined, with reported rates ranging from 0.8% to 92%. Our study aims to more accurately characterize ocular injuries associated with midface fractures.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 1677 patients from 2015 to 2020 with midface fractures at a Level I trauma center. Isolated nasal bone and frontal process of the maxilla fractures were excluded. Demographic information, mechanism of injury, need for surgery, and ophthalmologic findings were documented. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS.Results773 patients between the ages of 15 and 92 were identified. Trauma most commonly resulted from assault (63.8%). The association between the mechanism of injury and ocular injury was statistically significant (p = 0.003), with 78.6% of gunshot wounds and 44.3% of assault patients having an ocular injury. The Ophthalmology service evaluated 62.6% of cases preoperatively. Minor ocular injury occurred in 36% of patients, including 46.1% of isolated orbital floor, and 28.2% of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures. Major ocular injury occurred in 10.5% of patients.ConclusionsOver 10% of patients with midface fractures were found to have major ocular injuries. Ophthalmologic exams should be performed for all patients with midface fractures to guide clinical decision making and prevent further intraoperative ocular insults.Level of EvidenceLevel 4. This study represents a retrospective cohort study analyzing ocular injuries detected in patients presenting to a Level I trauma center with maxillofacial fractures between 2015 and 2020 Laryngoscope, 133:1624–1629, 2023
The impact of environmental regulation on executive turnover: Evidence from listed Chinese manufacturing companies
Authors: Zhang Bingqian , Chu Xiaoxiao , Geng Hong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study explores the impact of environmental regulation on executive turnover based on a panel of A‐share listed companies in the Chinese manufacturing industry. Its findings indicate that the stricter the environmental regulation, the more likely it is to lead to executive turnover in the current period. The findings further show that environmental regulation has a significant negative effect on firm performance; that firm performance has a significant mediating effect between environmental regulation and executive turnover; and that in terms of firm heterogeneity, the above pattern is not significant in manufacturing state‐owned enterprises but is significant in manufacturing non‐state‐owned enterprises.
A multifidelity approach coupling parameter space reduction and nonintrusive POD with application to structural optimization of passenger ship hulls
Authors: Tezzele Marco , Fabris Lorenzo , Sidari Matteo , Sicchiero Mauro , Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTNowadays, the shipbuilding industry is facing a radical change toward solutions with a smaller environmental impact. This can be achieved with low emissions engines, optimized shape designs with lower wave resistance and noise generation, and by reducing the metal raw materials used during the manufacturing. This work focuses on the last aspect by presenting a complete structural optimization pipeline for modern passenger ship hulls which exploits advanced model order reduction techniques to reduce the dimensionality of both input parameters and outputs of interest. We introduce a novel approach which incorporates parameter space reduction through active subspaces into the proper orthogonal decomposition with interpolation method. This is done in a multi‐fidelity setting. We test the whole framework on a simplified model of a midship section and on the full model of a passenger ship, controlled by 20 and 16 parameters, respectively. We present a comprehensive error analysis and show the capabilities and usefulness of the methods especially during the preliminary design phase, finding new unconsidered designs while handling high dimensional parameterizations.
Efficient numerical modeling of liquid infusion into a porous medium partitioned by impermeable perforated interlayers
Authors: Moretti Laure , Simacek Pavel , Advani Suresh G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNumerical modeling of flow through porous media and the simulation of liquid flow through orifices, channels and perforated walls, membranes, interlayers find applications in various fields. However, the mesh refinement needed to describe the detail at the scale of orifices within a domain multiple orders of magnitude larger raises numerical challenges. The present work proposes a pragmatic solution to model perforated layers partitioning a large porous media domain using 1D elements to model the holes and connect the 3D elements which represent the porous media. As an illustration, the approach is applied in liquid composite molding processes, and to the processing of large thick panels toughened with perforated interlayers. However, this work could be adopted in numerous fields. The combination of 3D and 1D elements to manage components with different dimensions has been used before, however no proper analysis of the loss of accuracy introduced has been conducted to our knowledge. A systematic parametric study is conducted to quantify the impact of the length of the domain, the number of interlayers, the diameter of the holes and the viscosity of the fluid on the loss of accuracy. Meshing rules and directions are provided to improve the accuracy of the simulations.
Nurses' experiences of person‐centred care planning using video‐conferencing
Authors: Hedqvist Ann‐Therese , Svensson Ann , Larsson Lena G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimThe aim was to illuminate how nurses experience person‐centred care planning using video conferencing upon hospital discharge of frail older persons.DesignCare planning via video conferencing requires collaboration, communication and information transfer between involved parties, both with regard to preparing and conducting meetings. Participation of involved parties is required to achieve a collaborative effort, but the responsibilities and roles of the involved professions are unclear, despite the existence of regulations.MethodA qualitative content analysis was conducted based on 11 individual semi‐structured interviews with nurses from hospitals, municipalities and primary care in Sweden.ResultsThis study provides valuable insights into challenges associated with care planning via video conferencing. The meeting format, that is video conferencing, is perceived as a barrier that makes the interaction challenging. Shortcomings in video technology make a person‐centred approach difficult. The person‐centred approach is also difficult for nurses to maintain when the older person or relatives are not involved in the planning.
Guaranteed cost sampled‐data control for high‐speed train systems
Authors: Tong Dongbing , Tong Yinghao , Chen Qiaoyu , Zhou Wuneng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe optimal guaranteed cost sampled‐data control problem is studied for high‐speed train systems. To keep the relative speed and relative displacement of each high‐speed train stable, and ensure the performance level of high‐speed trains at the same time, sufficient conditions are obtained for the optimal guaranteed cost sampled‐data controller of train systems. By the convex optimization method, the minimum upper bound of high‐speed train systems is obtained. At last, two examples are presented to substantiate the correctness of theoretical results.
Preparation of porous biodegradable PLLA with tunable pore size through simple variation of PEG/PLLA‐blend crystallization conditions
Authors: Lai Wei‐Chi , Liau Wen‐Bin , Yang Ling‐Yueh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this study, porous poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) films are prepared via a facile and low‐cost approach using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and solution casting. In contrast to most studies, the PEG/PLLA samples are further processed under different crystallization conditions (i.e., different PLLA crystallization temperatures) before PEG removal. As the PEG is extracted via solvent at higher PLLA crystallization temperatures, the resultant PLLA samples have larger pores. Interconnected fibrillar‐shaped pores are found in all systems, and the fibrillar‐porous structure width is ~150 nm–1.2 μm, as observed via scanning electron microscopy. These pore sizes can be tuned by adjusting the blend composition and crystallization temperature. In addition, PEG/PLLA blends are subjected to hydrolytic degradation analysis according to their crystallization conditions. Higher PLLA crystallization temperature yields higher PLLA crystallinity and larger pores, as well as reduced surface interaction with water. Therefore, the PLLA degradation rate is decreased. The developed PLLA films have potential applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Vedolizumab for pediatric patients with gastrointestinal acute graft‐versus‐host‐disease
Authors: Aldouby Bier Gefen , Zaidman Irina , Dinur Schejter Yael , NaserEddin Adeeb , Stepensky Polina , Even‐Or Ehud 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVedolizumab, an anti‐α4β7 integrin monoclonal antibody, impairs homing of T‐cells to the gastrointestinal (GI) endothelium and acts as a gut‐selective anti‐inflammatory agent. Recent reports of the efficacy of vedolizumab in treating lower GI acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) are promising, but experience in children is scarce. We present a cohort of 13 pediatric patients who were treated with vedolizumab for GI aGVHD. Ten of the patients were treated for steroid‐refractory disease, out of which, six suffered from severe (stage 3 or 4) GI disease before the first dose of vedolizumab. In the other three patients, vedolizumab was introduced early in the disease course. Median time between GI GVHD onset to vedolizumab treatment was 23 days (range 7–59 days), with a median of 3 doses (range 1–5) per patient. GI GVHD staging was evaluated at various time points after the first vedolizumab dose, showing improvement in nine of the 13 patients. After a median follow‐up time of 13 months (range 6–34 months), eight patients completely recovered, two had ongoing chronic colitis, and three patients died. During the vedolizumab treatment period, 38 infectious episodes were noted, most of them GI related. The unique activity profile of vedolizumab makes it an appealing treatment option for lower GI aGVHD, but caution for concurrent infections is warranted.