bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beta‐Dependent Constraints on Ion Temperature Anisotropy in Jupiter’s Magnetosheath
Authors: Bandyopadhyay R. , Begley L. J. , Maruca B. A. , McComas D. J. , Szalay J. R. , Allegrini F. , Ebert R. W. , Gershman D. J. , Connerney J. E. P. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost space plasmas are weakly collisional. Due to the low collision rate, the plasmas are routinely out of local thermal equilibrium and often exhibit non‐Maxwellian velocity distributions. The charged particles typically exhibit anisotropy in temperature measurements, that is, distinct temperatures are observed perpendicular and parallel (T⊥i and T||i) to the local magnetic field. Numerous prior studies have shown that for increasing values of parallel ion beta (β||i), the range of ion temperature anisotropy (Ri = T⊥i/T||i) values becomes narrower. Conventionally, this behavior has been attributed to the actions of kinetic microinstabilities. This study is the first to explore such β||i‐dependent limits on ion temperature anisotropy in Jupiter's magnetosheath. We use linear Vlasov theory to compute contours of constant growth rate for different instability thresholds, which closely align with the limits of the data distribution, supporting that these instabilities are acting to limit extremes of ion temperature anisotropy in the Jovian magnetosheath.
Discriminating Types of Volcanic Electrical Activity: Toward an Eruption Detection Algorithm
Authors: Behnke S. A. , Edens H. E. , Theiler J. , Swanson D. J. , Senay S. , Van Eaton A. R. , Iguchi M. , Miki D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe present a method for classification of the two distinct types of electrical activity that occur during an explosive volcanic eruption: vent discharges and lightning. Vent discharges occur at the onset of an explosion and create a distinctive radio frequency signature called continual radio frequency. Seconds to minutes after the onset of the eruption, lightning begins to occur throughout the eruption column. We use logistic regression to classify a radio frequency impulse as being part of either a lightning flash or a period of continual radio frequency. The classifier uses the number of peaks in the amplitude envelope from 1 ms windows before and after the impulsive very high frequency waveform, with an average accuracy of 97.9%. We propose that this method could be used in an algorithm to determine when explosive eruptions occurred by identification of the distinctive signatures of vent discharges and lightning.
Seismotectonics of Mongolia and Baikal Rift Zone Controlled by Lithospheric Structures
Authors: Huang Zhouchuan , Zhao Dapeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractActive tectonics are developing in Mongolia and the Baikal rift zone, where large crustal earthquakes (Mw ≥ 6.0) occur frequently. To clarify the mechanism of these earthquakes, we determine a high‐resolution 3‐D P‐wave velocity model of the crust and upper mantle beneath Mongolia and the Baikal rift zone. We find an annular high‐velocity zone in the lithosphere; whereas low‐velocity anomalies exist both inside and around the high‐velocity ring as well as beneath the rift zone. Strong interactions between the high‐velocity ring and the surrounding terranes may have induced many moderate‐to‐large earthquakes (Mw 5–7). By contrast, mega‐earthquakes (Mw ≥ 8.0) occurred right above the high‐velocity ring. We propose that the high‐velocity ring is strong as a whole; it sustains the stress arising from the India‐Asia collision and causes the mega‐earthquakes. Meanwhile, the ring could protect the Hangay Dome from the regional compression, leading to weak seismicity under the dome.
Comparison of the Impacts of Topography and Urbanization on an Extreme Rainfall Event in the Hangzhou Bay Region
Authors: Chen Feng , Wu Mengwen , Dong Meiyin , Yu Bu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe impacts of topography and urbanization on an extreme rainfall (ER) event in the Hangzhou Bay (HZB) region were investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with one control simulation and three artificial scenarios of no‐HZB, no‐mountains on the south bank of HZB, and no‐urban. Thirty members with different combinations of physical parameterizations were considered for each scenario. The control test results were evaluated and they showed that the model well reproduced the ER that occurred in the HZB region, and the ensemble results were valuable and credible. The existence of HZB, mountains, and urbanization would increase the ensemble mean of accumulated precipitation by 52.07%, 37.11%, and 9.35%, and the probability of heavy rainfall by about 25%, 20%, and 15% in the main rain belt region, respectively. In addition, these factors also introduced more uncertainties in the same physical scheme combination. The impacts of these factors on the distribution, intensity, and mechanism were different. The comparison results showed that the existence of HZB played the most important role in this ER event by the remarkable influence of low‐level wind field and horizontal convergence, followed by the existence of mountains, which mainly affected the distribution of rainfall caused by the airflow climbing up the hill before the mountain. Although urbanization exerted positive effects on this ER event, the impact was relatively small and locally near the urban regions compared with the other two factors.
NXN suppresses metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting degradation of Snail through binding to DUB3
Authors: Zhang Yuanping , Zuo Dinglan , Qiu Jiliang , Li Kai , Niu Yi , Yuan Yichuan , Qiu Yuxiong , Qiao Liang , He Wei , Wang Chenwei , Yuan Yunfei , Li Binkui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) could be attributed to its high metastasis rate. Here, we report the role of nucleoredoxin (NXN), a multifunctional redox-active protein, in HCC metastasis. The expression of NXN in HCC tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry. The role of NXN on HCC proliferation was determined by CCK-8, EdU and colony formation assays in vitro and subcutaneous tumor formation model in vivo. Transwell and wound healing assays and tail vein injection model were performed to assess the function of NXN on HCC metastasis. Co-immunoprecipitation assay was performed to examine the interaction among NXN, Snail and DUB3. Our results showed that NXN was downregulated in HCC tissues compared to adjacent liver tissues. Patients with low NXN expression had shorter overall survival (OS) time (P < 0.001) than those with high NXN expression. Biologically, ectopic expression of NXN significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, NXN promoted the ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of Snail through interaction with DUB3. Further, depletion of Snail abolished NXN-inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis. In summary, NXN suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of HCC by inhibiting DUB3-mediated deubiquitylation of Snail protein. Our study demonstrates that NXN, DUB3 and Snail complex functioned as an important regulatory mechanism of HCC progression and indicates a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of HCC metastasis.
Accurate determination of CRISPR-mediated gene fitness in transplantable tumours
Authors: Eirew Peter , O’Flanagan Ciara , Ting Jerome , Salehi Sohrab , Brimhall Jazmine , Wang Beixi , Biele Justina , Algara Teresa , Lee So Ra , Hoang Corey , Yap Damian , McKinney Steven , Bates Cherie , Kong Esther , Lai Daniel , Beatty Sean , Andronescu Mirela , Zaikova Elena , Funnell Tyler , Ceglia Nicholas , Chia Stephen , Gelmon Karen , Mar Colin , Shah Sohrab , Roth Andrew , Bouchard-Côté Alexandre , Aparicio Samuel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAssessing tumour gene fitness in physiologically-relevant model systems is challenging due to biological features of in vivo tumour regeneration, including extreme variations in single cell lineage progeny. Here we develop a reproducible, quantitative approach to pooled genetic perturbation in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), by encoding single cell output from transplanted CRISPR-transduced cells in combination with a Bayesian hierarchical model. We apply this to 181 PDX transplants from 21 breast cancer patients. We show that uncertainty in fitness estimates depends critically on the number of transplant cell clones and the variability in clone sizes. We use a pathway-directed allelic series to characterize Notch signaling, and quantify TP53 / MDM2 drug-gene conditional fitness in outlier patients. We show that fitness outlier identification can be mirrored by pharmacological perturbation. Overall, we demonstrate that the gene fitness landscape in breast PDXs is dominated by inter-patient differences.
Climate windows of opportunity for plant expansion during the Phanerozoic
Authors: Gurung Khushboo , Field Katie J. , Batterman Sarah A. , Goddéris Yves , Donnadieu Yannick , Porada Philipp , Taylor Lyla L. , Mills Benjamin J. W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEarth’s long-term climate may have profoundly influenced plant evolution. Local climatic factors, including water availability, light, and temperature, play a key role in plant physiology and growth, and have fluctuated substantially over geological time. However, the impact of these key climate variables on global plant biomass across the Phanerozoic has not yet been established. Linking climate and dynamic vegetation modelling, we identify two key ‘windows of opportunity’ during the Ordovician and Jurassic-Paleogene capable of supporting dramatic expansions of potential plant biomass. These conditions are driven by continental dispersion, paleolatitude of continental area and a lack of glaciation, allowing for an intense hydrological cycle and greater water availability. These windows coincide with the initial expansion of land plants and the later angiosperm radiation. Our findings suggest that the timing and expansion of habitable space for plants played an important role in plant evolution and diversification.
Cancer immune therapy using engineered ‛tail-flipping’ nanoliposomes targeting alternatively activated macrophages
Authors: Kuninty Praneeth R. , Binnemars-Postma Karin , Jarray Ahmed , Pednekar Kunal P. , Heinrich Marcel A. , Pijffers Helen J. , ten Hoopen Hetty , Storm Gert , van Hoogevest Peter , den Otter Wouter K. , Prakash Jai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlternatively-activated, M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) strongly contribute to tumor growth, invasiveness and metastasis. Technologies to disable the pro-tumorigenic function of these TAMs are of high interest to immunotherapy research. Here we show that by designing engineered nanoliposomes bio-mimicking peroxidated phospholipids that are recognised and internalised by scavenger receptors, TAMs can be targeted. Incorporation of phospholipids possessing a terminal carboxylate group at the sn-2 position into nanoliposome bilayers drives their uptake by M2 macrophages with high specificity. Molecular dynamics simulation of the lipid bilayer predicts flipping of the sn-2 tail towards the aqueous phase, while molecular docking data indicates interaction of the tail with Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 (SR-B1). In vivo, the engineered nanoliposomes are distributed specifically to M2-like macrophages and, upon delivery of the STAT6 inhibitor (AS1517499), zoledronic acid or muramyl tripeptide, these cells promote reduction of the premetastatic niche and/or tumor growth. Altogether, we demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of our engineered “tail-flipping” nanoliposomes in a pre-clinical model, which paves the way to their development as cancer immunotherapeutics in humans.
Ultrahigh resistance of hexagonal boron nitride to mineral scale formation
Authors: Zuo Kuichang , Zhang Xiang , Huang Xiaochuan , Oliveira Eliezer F. , Guo Hua , Zhai Tianshu , Wang Weipeng , Alvarez Pedro J. J. , Elimelech Menachem , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Lou Jun , Li Qilin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFormation of mineral scale on a material surface has profound impact on a wide range of natural processes as well as industrial applications. However, how specific material surface characteristics affect the mineral-surface interactions and subsequent mineral scale formation is not well understood. Here we report the superior resistance of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to mineral scale formation compared to not only common metal and polymer surfaces but also the highly scaling-resistant graphene, making hBN possibly the most scaling resistant material reported to date. Experimental and simulation results reveal that this ultrahigh scaling-resistance is attributed to the combination of hBN’s atomically-smooth surface, in-plane atomic energy corrugation due to the polar boron-nitrogen bond, and the close match between its interatomic spacing and the size of water molecules. The latter two properties lead to strong polar interactions with water and hence the formation of a dense hydration layer, which strongly hinders the approach of mineral ions and crystals, decreasing both surface heterogeneous nucleation and crystal attachment.
Minimally invasive detection of cancer using metabolic changes in tumor-associated natural killer cells with Oncoimmune probes
Authors: Ishwar Deeptha , Haldavnekar Rupa , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan , Tan Bo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNatural Killer (NK) cells, a subset of innate immune cells, undergo cancer-specific changes during tumor progression. Therefore, tracking NK cell activity in circulation has potential for cancer diagnosis. Identification of tumor associated NK cells remains a challenge as most of the cancer antigens are unknown. Here, we introduce tumor-associated circulating NK cell profiling (CNKP) as a stand-alone cancer diagnostic modality with a liquid biopsy. Metabolic profiles of NK cell activation as a result of tumor interaction are detected with a SERS functionalized OncoImmune probe platform. We show that the cancer stem cell-associated NK cell is of value in cancer diagnosis. Through machine learning, the features of NK cell activity in patient blood could identify cancer from non-cancer using 5uL of peripheral blood with 100% accuracy and localization of cancer with 93% accuracy. These results show the feasibility of minimally invasive cancer diagnostics using circulating NK cells.
Transcriptome and proteome analysis of innate immune responses to inactivated Leptospira and bivalent Leptospira vaccines in canine 030-D cells
Authors: Novak Andreja , Pennings Jeroen L. A. , van der Maas Larissa , Meiring Hugo D. , Ludwig Irene , Verkoeijen Saertje , Rutten Victor , Broere Femke , Sloots Arjen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMandatory potency testing of Leptospira vaccine batches relies partially on in vivo procedures, requiring large numbers of laboratory animals. Cell-based assays could replace in vivo tests for vaccine quality control if biomarkers indicative of Leptospira vaccine potency are identified. We investigated innate immune responsiveness induced by inactivated L. interrogans serogroups Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae, and two bivalent, non-adjuvanted canine Leptospira vaccines containing the same serogroups. First, the transcriptome and proteome analysis of a canine monocyte/macrophage 030-D cell line stimulated with Leptospira strains, and vaccine B revealed more than 900 DEGs and 23 DEPs in common to these three stimuli. Second, comparison of responses induced by vaccine B and vaccine D revealed a large overlap in DEGs and DEPs as well, suggesting potential to identify biomarkers indicative of Leptospira vaccine quality. Because not many common DEPs were identified, we selected seven molecules from the identified DEGs, associated with pathways related to innate immunity, of which CXCL-10, IL-1β, SAA, and complement C3 showed increased secretion upon stimulation with both Leptospira vaccines. These molecules could be interesting targets for development of biomarker-based assays for Leptospira vaccine quality control in the future. Additionally, this study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms by which Leptospira vaccines induce innate immune responses in the dog.
Left sided breast cancer is associated with aggressive biology and worse outcomes than right sided breast cancer
Authors: Abdou Yara , Gupta Medhavi , Asaoka Mariko , Attwood Kristopher , Mateusz Opyrchal , Gandhi Shipra , Takabe Kazuaki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is more common on the left side than the right side. We aim to evaluate differences in clinicopathological and genomic characteristics based on laterality. We analyzed survival outcomes and clinical characteristics of 881,320 patients recorded by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to explore genomic and clinical features from 1,062 patients. Gene expression data was used to quantitate cytolytic activity and hallmark gene-sets were used for gene set enrichment analysis. An institutional retrospective review was conducted on 155 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Patient characteristics were summarized by pathological complete response (pCR). Left sided tumors were found to be more prevalent than right sided tumors. No major clinicopathological differences were noted by laterality. Left sided breast cancer demonstrated poorer outcomes versus right sided tumors (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.08; p = 0.011). Cell proliferation gene sets, including E2F Targets, G2M Checkpoint, Mitotic spindle, and MYC Targets, were enriched on the left side compared to the right. Left sided tumors had lower pCR rates versus right sided tumors (15.4% versus 29.9%, p = 0.036). Our findings suggest that left sided breast cancer is associated with aggressive biology and worse outcomes compared to right sided breast cancer.
The focused quantitative EEG bio-marker in studying childhood atrophic encephalopathy
Authors: Richard Sungura , Gabriel Shirima , John Spitsbergen , Emmanuel Mpolya , John-Mary Vianney 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough it is a normal involution process in advanced age, brain atrophy—also termed atrophic encephalopathy—can also occur prematurely in childhood as a consequential effect of brain tissues injury through trauma or central nervous system infection, though in both normal and premature occurrences this condition always presents with loss of volume relative to the skull. A common tool for the functional study of brain activities is an electroencephalogram, but analyses of this have reportedly identified mismatches between qualitative and quantitative forms, particularly in the use of Delta-alpha ratio (DAR) indices, meaning that the values may be case dependent. The current study thus examines the value of Focused Occipital Beta-Alpha Ratio (FOBAR) as a modified biomarker for evaluating brain functional changes resulting from brain atrophy. This cross-sectional design study involves 260 patients under 18 years of age. Specifically, 207 patients with brain atrophy are compared with 53 control subjects with CT scan-proven normal brain volume. All the children underwent digital electroencephalography with brain mapping. Results show that alpha posterior dominant rhythm was present in 88 atrophic children and 44 controls. Beta as posterior dominant rhythm was present in an overwhelming 91.5% of atrophic subjects, with 0.009 p-values. The focused occipital Beta-alpha ratio correlated significantly with brain volume loss presented in diagonal brain fraction. The FOBAR and DAR values of the QEEG showed no significant correlation. This work concludes that QEEG cerebral dysfunctional studies may be etiologically and case dependent from the nature of the brain injury. Also, the focused Beta-alpha ratio of the QEEG is a prospective and potential biomarker of consideration in studying childhood atrophic encephalopathy.
Corrosion inhibition of a novel antihistamine-based compound for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution: experimental and computational studies
Authors: Ghaderi Mohammad , Ramazani S. A. Ahmad , Kordzadeh Azadeh , Mahdavian Mohammad , Alibakhshi Eiman , Ghaderi Arash 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFocused on the assessment of the diphenhydramine hydrochloride (DPH) capabilities as an alternative to conventional and harmful industrial corrosion inhibitors, electrochemical techniques were employed. The optimum concentration of 1000 ppm was determined by molecular simulation and validated through electrochemical experiments. The results acquired from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study showed that DPH at a concentration of 1000 ppm has a corrosion efficiency of 91.43% after 6 h immersion. The DPH molecules' orientation on the surface was assessed based on EIS predicting horizontal adsorption on the surface. Molecular simulations were done to explore the adsorption mechanism of DPH. The DPH molecules' orientation on the surface was also assessed based on computational studies confirming the horizontal adsorption predicted by EIS.
Advanced separation and classification of ionospheric troughs in midnight conditions
Authors: Karpachev Alexander 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study uses a novel approach to separate and classify different ionospheric troughs from CHAMP satellite data in the winter midnight ionosphere of the southern hemisphere at high solar activity (2000–2002). The main ionospheric trough (MIT) was separated from the high latitude trough (HLT). The separation was performed through an analysis of troughs in the frame of a model of the diffuse auroral particle precipitation. Two types of HLT were distinguished. In the mid-latitude ionosphere, the MIT was separated from the ring ionospheric trough (RIT), which is formed by the decay processes of the magnetospheric ring current. The separation was performed on the basis of an analysis of the prehistory of all geomagnetic disturbances for the period under study. In addition, a decrease in the electron density, which is superimposed on the MIT and masks its minimum position, is quite often observed at American and Atlantic longitudes near the Polar Circle.
Equisetum hyemale-derived unprecedented bioactive composite for hard and soft tissues engineering
Authors: da Costa e Silva Rosangela Maria Ferreira , Diniz Ivana Márcia Alves , Gomes Natália Aparecida , Silva Guilherme Jorge Brigolini , da Fonte Ferreira José Maria , de Freitas Filho Rubens Lucas , Freitas Erico Tadeu Fraga , Martins Darliane Aparecida , Domingues Rosana Zacarias , Andrade Ângela Leão 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough Bioactive Glasses (BGs) have been progressively optimized, their preparation often still involves the use of toxic reagents and high calcination temperatures to remove organic solvents. In the present work, these synthesis related drawbacks were overcome by treating the ashes from the Equisetum hyemale plant in an ethanol/water solution to develop a bioactive composite [glass/carbon (BG-Carb)]. The BG-Carb was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy; and its chemical composition was assessed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller gas adsorption analysis showed a specific surface area of 121 m2 g−1. The formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) surface layer in vitro was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. The Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns and selected area electron diffraction analyses confirmed HA in the sample even before immersing it in SBF solution. However, stronger evidences of the presence of HA were observed after immersion in SBF solution due to the surface mineralization. The BG-Carb samples showed no cytotoxicity on MC3T3-E1 cells and osteo-differentiation capacity similar to the positive control. Altogether, the BG-Carb material data reveals a promising plant waste-based candidate for hard and soft tissue engineering.