bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porcine Model of Acute Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Honjol Yazan , Monk Rachel , Schupbach Drew , Merle Geraldine , Harvey Edward J. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives:
Acute compartment syndrome is a devastating condition associated with lasting consequences or even death if not treated in a timely fashion. Current preclinical modeling is inadequate. Ideally a model should mimic human disease. There should be a trauma-induced reperfusion or direct muscle event that causes gradual increased pressure and is amenable to release with fasciotomy. We have attempted to reproduce this mechanism and outcome in a porcine model.

Methods:
Anterior tibial musculature was injured with vascular occlusion plus exterior tourniquet crush or direct intracompartmental crush through balloon inflation. The injury was maintained for over 5 hours. At that time, the tourniquet or balloon was removed. The injuries were continuously monitored with an intramuscular continuous pressure sensor. Pressure changes were recorded and after 2 hours of postinjury observation, a fasciotomy was performed for the muscle compartment.

Results:
Pressures were brought to 100 mm Hg during the injury phase. During the two-hour observation period, the balloon catheter technique achieved an average pressure of 25.1 ± SD 8.8 mm Hg with a maximum reading of 38.2 mm Hg and minimum reading of 14.1 mm Hg. During this same period, the ischemia-reperfusion + direct crush technique achieved an average pressure of 33.7 ± SD 7.3 mm Hg, with a maximum reading of 43.5 mm Hg and minimum reading of 23.5 mm Hg. Average pressure postfasciotomy for the balloon catheter technique was 2.4 ± SD 2.5 mm Hg; and for the crush technique, average value postfasciotomy was 4.9 ± SD 3.7 mm Hg—both representing a return to physiologic levels.

Conclusion:
This is the first preclinical model that shows the same response to injury and treatment as is observed in human physiology. Surgical and nonsurgical therapies for compartment syndrome can now be tested reliably.
Associations of Reproductive Health Concerns, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Stress Among Adolescents and Young Adults with Chronic Illness
Authors: Iverson Ellen , Brammer Whitney A. , Osorio Brenda , Tanaka Diane , Cuevas Rachel 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with chronic illness are as sexually active and interested in having children as healthy peers. Few studies have examined the intersection of managing chronic illness and concerns about realizing reproductive goals, including fertility, pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting. Even less is understood regarding how these concerns might be associated with psychological distress. This study examines associations between the reproductive health concerns (RHC) and health-related stress of AYA patients living with chronic conditions including rheumatologic, cardiac, pulmonology, gastrointestinal disorders, and solid organ transplant.

Methods:
A total of 140 patients aged 15 to 20 years (68% female; 81% Hispanic/Latinx) recruited from a transition program located at a safety-net pediatric institution completed surveys examining multiple dimensions of RHC and health-related quality of life (life satisfaction, illness burden, and illness-related anxiety) and condition-related stress. Exploratory factor analyses of RHC variables yielded 3 factors used in regression analyses to identify convergent validity of RHC factors with health-related mental health measures.

Results:
Three RHC factor loadings emerged: concern about availability to raise children (timing/future), impact of condition/medication on fertility and childbearing (pregnancy/fertility), and impact of condition on motivation to have children (motivation/decision-making). Positive associations were found between all RHC factors and illness-related anxiety; condition-related stress was associated with motivation/decision-making.

Conclusion:
RHC, health-related anxiety, and stress can impede healthy sexual and reproductive health and development of AYA living with chronic conditions. Providers' proactive exploration of patients' concerns about their reproductive future can offer critical support as they navigate the unique existential challenges of early adulthood.
Research Gaps in Fragile X Syndrome: An Updated Literature Review to Inform Clinical and Public Health Practice
Authors: Raspa Melissa , Wheeler Anne , Okoniewski Katherine C. , Edwards Anne , Scott Samantha 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The phenotypic impact of fragile X syndrome (FXS) has been well-documented since the discovery of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 gene 30 years ago. However, gaps remain in clinical and public health research. The purpose of this literature review was to determine the extent to which these gaps have been addressed and identify targeted areas of future research.

Methods:
We conducted an electronic search of several scientific databases using a variety of key words. The search focused on 5 areas identified as research gaps by an earlier review: (1) diagnosis, (2) phenotypic presentation, (3) familial impact, (4) interventions and treatments, and (5) life span perspectives. Inclusion criteria included publication between 2014 and 2020, focus on human subjects, and publication in English. A total of 480 articles were identified, 365 were reviewed, and 112 are summarized in this review.

Results:
Results are organized into the following categories: (1) FXS phenotype and subtypes (FXS subtypes, medical profile, cognitive/developmental profile, social and behavioral profile); (2) needs of adults; (3) public health needs (clinical diagnosis and newborn screening, health care needs, and access); (4) treatment (treatment priorities, pharmacological treatments, and behavioral and educational interventions); and (5) families (economic burden and mother-child relationship).

Conclusion:
Despite the progress in many areas of FXS research, work remains to address gaps in clinical and public health knowledge. We pose 3 main areas of focused research, including early detection and diagnosis, determinants of health, and development and implementation of targeted interventions.
The Majority of Venous Thromboembolism Events Should Occur in Lower Risk Aesthetic Surgery Patients: A Simulation Study
Authors: Pannucci Christopher J. , Momeni Arash , Januszyk Michael 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:
Evidence-based venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention among aesthetic patients is lacking. This study seeks to (1) quantify 2005 Caprini scores in primary breast augmentation patients, (2) determine the proportion of patients with potentially modifiable VTE risk factors, and (3) project, using Monte Carlo simulation, the expected distribution of Caprini scores among aesthetic surgery patients who develop VTE.

Methods:
The observational study (part 1) screened consecutive primary breast augmentation patients for VTE risk using the 2005 Caprini score. Aggregate scores were compiled, and the proportion of patients with potentially modifiable risk factors were identified. Part 2 used Monte Carlo simulation to generate risk score distributions for VTE events predicted to occur among randomly sampled patient cohorts with baseline Caprini risk profiles derived from the part 1 data.

Results:
One hundred patients had mean age of 35.7 years and mean body mass index of 23.8 kg/m2. Median 2005 Caprini score was 3 (range, 2–8), with the majority (96%) having scores of ≤6. Twenty-eight percent of patients had at least one potentially modifiable risk factor or risk factor potentially benefiting from further investigation. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that for a population with 96% Caprini ≤6 (and 4% Caprini ≥7), 80% of VTE events would be expected to occur in patients with Caprini scores ≤6.

Conclusions:
The majority of breast augmentation patients in this study (96%) have 2005 Caprini scores ≤6. Twenty-eight percent of patients have potentially modifiable risk factors. The majority of patients with VTE after aesthetic surgery are expected to have lower Caprini risk scores.
The Transverse Facial Artery as a Recipient Artery in Neuroplastic Surgery Microvascular Reconstruction
Authors: Tunyi Jude , Huayllani Maria T. , Skoracki Roman , Mitchell Kerry-Ann S. 
Published: October 2022

Summary:
Microvascular reconstruction in the craniofacial region is particularly challenging due to a paucity of adequate recipient vessels. The facial vessels are commonly utilized; however, in neurocranial reconstruction, the distance from the defect to the vessels may require the use of interposition vein grafts. The superficial temporal vessels, which have the benefit of closer proximity, are often compromised or injured in patients with previous neurosurgical procedures or radiation therapy. Here, we describe the use of the transverse facial artery as a recipient for a latissimus dorsi free flap for scalp reconstruction in a 63-year-old man with a compromised scalp from multiple surgeries and radiation therapy for glioblastoma multiforme. The patient had extensive scarring, temporalis muscle wasting, thinning of the overlying scalp, and notable alopecia. On surveillance imaging, he was found to have an area on the brain concerning for tumor recurrence, for which a surgical biopsy was recommended, with a significant risk of postoperative wound healing complications. We present the use of the transverse facial artery in this case as a recipient artery for free flap reconstruction of the scalp.
Virtual Surgical Planning and 3-Dimensional Printing for the Treatment of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex and/or Orbital Fracture
Authors: Abdul Lateef Hassan Thair , Abbood Mohammed Dunia 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Traditionally, in zygomaticomaxillary complex and orbital fractures, miniplates and titanium orbital mesh are used and adapted intraoperatively, which may cause fatigue of the metal and increase the surgical time. Recently, computer-assisted surgery and 3-dimensional printing enable the surgeon to employ 3-dimensional segmentation and mirroring tools, which mimic the pretraumatized anatomy on which the miniplates and titanium orbital mesh are preoperatively molded to precisely duplicate the orbital volume, enophthalmos, and zygomatic bone position.

Aim:
To evaluate the results of computer technology using 3-dimensional printing model to prebend miniplates and titanium orbital mesh in the restoration of orbital volume, enophthalmos, and zygomatic bone position in the initial management of patients with zygomaticomaxillary complex and/or orbital fractures.

Patients and Methods:
This prospective clinical study included 10 Iraqi male patients who met the eligibility criteria and subjected to open reduction and internal fixation utilizing virtual surgical planning and a 3-dimensional model to prebend miniplates and titanium orbital mesh as a treatment modality for facial fractures. The data were analyzed according to the orbital volume, enophthalmos, zygomatic bone position, age, gender, etiology of the fracture, and complications. The patients were radiographically followed up with a computed tomography scan at 4 months postoperatively. The statistical analysis was performed using percentages, the mean±SD, Shapiro–Wilk test, Paired t test, One Way Anova, and Independent t test.

Results:
The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 66 years, with an average of 28.6 years and a SD of±14.5 years. Regarding gender, all patients were males. By utilizing virtual surgical planning and 3-dimentional model to prebend miniplates and titanium orbital mesh and concerning the fracture types, which include the zygomaticomaxillary complex, orbital, and combined fractures, there was no significant difference between the measurement of intact side and 4 months postoperatively in orbital volume, enophthalmos, and zygomatic bone position (P >0.05).

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that computer-aided techniques, virtual planning, and the use of prebend miniplates and titanium orbital mesh enable anatomically precise reduction and fixation of the orbital, zygomaticomaxillary complex, and combined fractures regarding orbital volume, enophthalmos, and zygomatic bone position.
Computer-based Eye-tracking Analysis of King-Devick Test Differentiates Persons With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus From Cognitively Unimpaired
Authors: Lehtola Juha-Matti , Kärkkäinen Virve , Andberg Sami , Hannonen Sanna , Rusanen Minna , Saari Toni , Korhonen Ville , Hokkanen Laura , Hallikainen Merja , Hänninen Tuomo , Kaarniranta Kai , Bednarik Roman , Leinonen Ville , Koivisto Anne M. 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Functional defects in eye movements and reduced reading speed in neurodegenerative diseases represent a potential new biomarker to support clinical diagnosis. We investigated whether computer-based eye-tracking (ET) analysis of the King-Devick (KD) test differentiates persons with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) from cognitively unimpaired [control (CO)] and persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Methods:
We recruited 68 participants (37 CO, 10 iNPH, and 21 AD) who underwent neurological examination, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease neuropsychological test battery (CERAD-NB), and a Clinical Dementia Rating interview. The KD reading test was performed using computer-based ET. We analyzed the total time used for the reading test, number of errors, durations of fixation and saccade, and saccade amplitudes.

Results:
The iNPH group significantly differed from the CO group in the KD test mean total time (CO 69.3 s, iNPH 87.3 s; P≤0.009) and eye-tracking recording of the mean saccade amplitude (CO 3.6 degree, iNPH 3.2 degree; P≤0.001). The AD group significantly differed from the CO group in each tested parameter. No significant differences were detected between the iNPH and AD groups.

Conclusion:
For the first time, we demonstrated altered reading ability and saccade amplitudes in patients with iNPH.
Effects of Depression on Changes in Cognitive Function in Older Adults
Authors: Kim Dasom 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
This study identified the rate of change in cognitive function of community-based middle-aged and older adults and investigated the longitudinal effects of depression, health status, and health behavior by cognitive function group [normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia] using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Methods:
This longitudinal panel analysis collected 21,425 data points from 4285 participants. Cognitive function change patterns in the groups were examined through descriptive analysis. A fixed-effects model was estimated using demographic factors, such as depression, health behavior, and disease states as independent variables.

Results:
Compared with the baseline score of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), the 8-year mean score decreased by 10.51, 8.6, and 1.21 for the dementia, MCI, and normal groups, respectively. The estimates for the normal group showed that an increase in the depression score significantly negatively impacted the MMSE score (B=−0.059, P<0.001). However, compared with those of the MCI group (B=−0.044, P>0.05), the estimates of the dementia group confirmed that depression significantly negatively affected cognitive function (B=−0.146, P<0.05).

Conclusion:
Each group showed different patterns of cognitive decline. An annual follow-up cognitive impairment screening to investigate changes in MMSE score in community-based older individuals can enable early detection of dementia.
A genome-wide mutational constraint map quantified from variation in 76,156 human genomes
Authors: Chen Siwei , Francioli Laurent C. , Goodrich Julia K. , Collins Ryan L. , Kanai Masahiro , Wang Qingbo , Alföldi Jessica , Watts Nicholas A. , Vittal Christopher , Gauthier Laura D. , Poterba Timothy , Wilson Michael W. , Tarasova Yekaterina , Phu William , Yohannes Mary T. , Koenig Zan , Farjoun Yossi , Banks Eric , Donnelly Stacey , Gabriel Stacey , Gupta Namrata , Ferriera Steven , Tolonen Charlotte , Novod Sam , Bergelson Louis , Roazen David , Ruano-Rubio Valentin , Covarrubias Miguel , Llanwarne Christopher , Petrillo Nikelle , Wade Gordon , Jeandet Thibault , Munshi Ruchi , Tibbetts Kathleen ,   gnomAD Project Consortium, O’Donnell-Luria Anne , Solomonson Matthew , Seed Cotton , Martin Alicia R. , Talkowski Michael E. , Rehm Heidi L. , Daly Mark J. , Tiao Grace , Neale Benjamin M. , MacArthur Daniel G. , Karczewski Konrad J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe depletion of disruptive variation caused by purifying natural selection (constraint) has been widely used to investigate protein-coding genes underlying human disorders, but attempts to assess constraint for non-protein-coding regions have proven more difficult. Here we aggregate, process, and release a dataset of 76,156 human genomes from the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), the largest public open-access human genome reference dataset, and use this dataset to build a mutational constraint map for the whole genome. We present a refined mutational model that incorporates local sequence context and regional genomic features to detect depletions of variation across the genome. As expected, proteincoding sequences overall are under stronger constraint than non-coding regions. Within the non-coding genome, constrained regions are enriched for known regulatory elements and variants implicated in complex human diseases and traits, facilitating the triangulation of biological annotation, disease association, and natural selection to non-coding DNA analysis. More constrained regulatory elements tend to regulate more constrained protein-coding genes, while non-coding constraint captures additional functional information underrecognized by gene constraint metrics. We demonstrate that this genome-wide constraint map provides an effective approach for characterizing the non-coding genome and improving the identification and interpretation of functional human genetic variation.
Transmission modeling to infer tuberculosis incidence, prevalence, and mortality in settings with generalized HIV epidemics
Authors: Dodd Peter J. , Shaweno Debebe , Ku Chu-Chang , Glaziou Philippe , Pretorius Carel , Hayes Richard J. , MacPherson Peter , Cohen Ted , Ayles Helen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) killed more people globally than any other single pathogen over the past decade. Where surveillance is weak, estimating TB burden estimates uses modeling. In many African countries, increases in HIV prevalence and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have driven dynamic TB epidemics, complicating estimation of burden, trends, and potential intervention impact. We therefore developed a novel age-structured TB transmission model incorporating evolving demographic and HIV/ART effects, and calibrated to TB prevalence and notification data from 12 African countries. We used Bayesian methods to include uncertainty for all TB model parameters, and estimated age-specific annual risks of TB infection (ARTI) and proportion of TB incidence from recent (re)infection (PR). We found ARTI of up to 16.0%/year in adults, but a mean PR across countries of 34%. Rapid reduction of the unacceptably high burden of TB in high HIV prevalence settings will require interventions addressing progression as well as transmission.
Sexual health knowledge acquisition processes among very young adolescent girls in rural Malawi: Implications for sexual and reproductive health programs
Authors: Chimwaza-Manda Wanangwa , Kamndaya Mphatso , Chipeta Effie Kondwani , Sikweyiya Yandisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEarly adolescence is a period characterized by enormous biological, cognitive, sexual, emotional, and social changes. Sexual curiosity and the desire to acquire sexual health (SH) information are part of these developments. Understanding the SH knowledge acquisition process is critical for designing interventions that can best support very young adolescents (VYAs). This study explored the SH knowledge acquisition processes among VYA girls aged 10 to 14 years who attended the DREAMs Girl Only Clubs (GOCs) and those who did not. The GOCs were a part of a larger comprehensive HIV prevention project called DREAMS (Determined,Resilient,Empowered,AIDS-free,Mentored, andSafe) which provided an evidence-based core package of interventions to VYAs to prevent HIV. In-depth interviews were conducted with 43 VYA girls aged 10-14 years in two rural southern districts of Zomba and Machinga in Malawi. Twenty-three VYA girls were GOC participants and 20 VYAs were not. Guided by the Social Ecological Model, a thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data with the assistance of Nvivo 12 software. The SH knowledge acquisition processes were the interaction of various factors at the microsystem (biological factors, attitudes), mesosystem (parents, older relatives, friends), and exosystem levels (schools and GOCs). Factors influencing this interaction included the beginning of menstruation, supportive parents/adults on SH issues, trust and confidentiality in SH information sources, and preference for well-informed sources of information. Compared to Non-GOC participants, GOC participants demonstrated an in-depth knowledge of SH issues, and positive sexual behaviors such as HIV testing. Limitations to SH knowledge acquisition were adult messages’ focus on sexual relationship avoidance and on girls who have started menstruation; perception of adults not being knowledgeable about SH and school teachers hiding some SH information. VYA SH interventions that provide VYA with accurate SH information such as the GOCs have the potential to address the limitations that other sources have in reaching VYAs. Integrating such interventions with empowering parents, other adults, and teachers with comprehensive SH information and with skills on how to deliver SH information to VYAs can enhance their SH knowledge acquisition and influence positive behavior change.