bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de escenarios de acceso a crédito en explotaciones lecheras de la provincia de Cotopaxi
Authors: Lascano Nelson , Castillo Daniel , Córdova Ana , Morales Lilian , Franco-Crespo Christian 
Published: June 2022

La exportación e importación de leche fresca representa una generación de recursos que aporta a la economía mundial (US D11,38 MM para el 2020). En el Ecuador la producción pecuaria y especializada en producción lechera genera ingresos para grandes y medianas explotaciones. Sin embargo, en el caso de las pequeñas explotaciones lecheras, las transacciones se han convertido en una importante fuente de ingresos familiares en efecto semanal. Por este motivo, el presente estudio tiene como propósito analizar la realidad de la producción de leche cruda en la Provincia de Cotopaxi en el marco de la política agropecuaria. La metodología tiene un enfoque cuantitativo dentro del paradigma positivista, bajo un análisis transversal de los datos obtenidos durante los años 2018 mediante encuestas, bajo un instrumento diseñado tipo encuesta semiestructurada en la provincia de Cotopaxi. Es así que, la investigación se analiza las características estructurales de tenencia de tierra, analizado mediante el índice de Gini, así como la aplicación de modelos matemáticos para simular escenarios de política pública de incentivo de acceso a crédito. Los resultados demuestran una desigualdad en el acceso a tierra (0,68 índice de Gini). Además, ante el escenario convencional de acceso a crédito, las grandes explotaciones (> 1 ha) mantienen un mayor aprovechamiento de factores de producción y rendimiento. Sin embargo, ante la generación de un escenario en el que se mejora el acceso a crédito de los pequeños productores (< 0.5 ha), se produce una distribución más uniforme entre todos los grupos observados. Se concluye que al generarse un cambio en la política de acceso a créditos se podría impulsar un mejora en el rendimiento por mejorar el acceso a tecnología y contratación de mano de obra en explotaciones medianas (0.5 ha – 1 ha) y pequeñas analizadas en la provincia de Cotopaxi.
The Cartographic Representation for Direction Population Distribution Center in Pishdar District
Authors: Mohammed Dana Abbas , Ahmad Pshtiwan Shafeeq 
Published: June 2022

Map design for directions of population distribution has its own value and importance, as it determines the nature of the distribution of human population, the degree of their distribution, the center of location and density of populations. In general, this includes an important cornerstone of research on population mapping and geography.
The aim of this study is to identify and outline the center points on the study area map, which will be a helpful factor in understanding how the inhabitants are distributed. To this end, the study first discusses the symbols used to represent the population map, and then discusses the central points of the study area. Finally, the study ends with a number of conclusions, which in light of these points, a number of suggestions have been proposed.
The study also relied on statistical fundamentals (quantitative analysis), using the Spatial Statistics Tools (GIS 10.8) to extract the center points and the closest neighbor. Spatial Analysis is also used in Interpolation (IDW) to identify areas of population density.
The Analysis Morphometric Watershed Dolabafra Baisn
Authors: Ibrahim Yadgar Mustafa , Mohmmed Pshtiwan Ali , Ahmed Pshtiwan Shfeeq , Mahmod Shaswar Mohameed 
Published: June 2022

Watershed of Dolabfra is one of the branches of little river in Pishder sub-district, this river flows down into The little river in almost three km far away from south of west of Sultanade village, this basic of river is located in latitude (northern Longitude °36: ¯25:꓿00-°36: ¯29: ꓿00.) (°45: ¯03: ꓿00- east °45: ¯13: ꓿00)eastern longitudes. the main resources of watershed is located the land of Kurdistan Region and board of Pishder sub-district, the source of water providing of this river is situated in a valley of Sharueta village. The main aim of this research includes two parts, the first one is recognition of the characteristics of environments of the area of the research and the second one is to design a special map for each one. Thus, for the purpose of analyzing and using the water resources in the area of the research. In the beginning analysis has been presented for the natural environment of the Basin of Dolabfre and its influence on system of the irrigation, such as (geology, topography, weather and soil) thus, this is through analyzing each of the natural characteristics and direct and indirect effect on flowing river. In the second part, the most important morphometric measures for basin has been carried out, in a way that there is a focus on characteristics of the research (square of the area, shape, height and low, net of the flow of the river). The outcome of the research reveals that natural characteristics of the area of research play main role in the richness of water resources and speed of flow of steam, brook and main river of the basin.
Measure Counter-Suggestion at University Students
Authors: Ibrahim Omer Yassen , Sulayman Shawbo Shamsaden , Khalid Jinan Hadi 
Published: June 2022

This research aims to measure counter-suggestion students at University and identify its levels according to variable (gender ) ,The study sample consisted of )302( students at Salahaddin University-Erbil who were selected in a random manner in Society different colleges at Salahaddin University namber of (21105) students for the academic year )2020-2021( at morning study , the researchers construction the scale counter-suggestion as composite (62( items, after derivatio the honesty and stability of the construction as well as measuring instrnment, the researchers applied the scale counter-suggestion as composite(62( items at sampling final form of the research, for statistical means of data analysis of usage (Spss) program, showed the following search results:
1- The members of the study sample in general have a good level of counter-suggestion.

There are statistical differences between students according to the gender variable and it is more in favor of the male sample.

In the light of the results of the study, a number of conclusions and recommendations were reached and the researchers made a number of recommendations and proposals at the end of the study.
Increasing Population in the Kurdish Areas in the Abbasid Era ( 132 -656 A.H / 749 -1258 A.D) (It is the Research on the Analytical History of the Reasons of the Increasing Population )
Authors: Rasul Rasul Ibrahim 
Published: June 2022

The population, could be considered as the main element of civilization, has provided the regions with a social and civilized characteristic. For example, as they have impacted the events themselves and have been a crucial role in creating them. They have always been influenced by natural and humanitarian incidents. So as a social creature, the principle of population has continued to change in terms of quantity and quality. Increasing and decreasing the population is one of the phenomena that has never been separated from elements of the population. It seems that the Kurdish areas as an old center of life and civilization have faced Weal and woe at the same time changes have happened to the population especially in the Abbasid era which was a time of events and changes. This time is the period of research on the growth and raising of the population of Kurdish areas based on historical information from the sources that focuses on the natural and human causes of population growth with its different components. The study consists of two main topics, results, and a list of sources including the principles of population enlargement and the reasons for their increase. It is based on many sources and new academic research to provide a small service to the Kurdish scientific and historical process.
Geographical Evaluation of Functional Regional of Koya University (2014-2017)
Authors: Yousif Obaidullah Hatam , Aziz Rostam Salam 
Published: June 2022

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the university of Koya duty region, and the importance of this research is that it will be a road map for the planning and development of Koya University region, and at the same time it will be clear to us The university has served different areas. In this research, we have relied on the use of the number of students received at the level of administrative institutions to determine the region of the University of Koya duties. For this purpose, the study hypothesizes that the research area has an important geographical position and location, and the university has developed extensively, and also assumes that the scope of koya university's job is as an administrator. In order to achieve the goal of the study, the researcher used regional research, analysis and comparison methods based on the number of students based on their geographical location.
At the end of the study, it concluded that the university's job region crosses the administrative boundaries of Koya district in most facalities, crossing the Kurdistan region and Iraq at the university's faculty level, and the degree of this effect varies from one region to another.
PELATIHAN MASYARAKAT SADAR WISATA DI KECAMATAN KAYANGAN DALAM MENUNJANG PARIWISATA KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA
Authors: Suriadi Irwan , Sutanto Himawan , Dakwah Muhammad Mujahid 
Published: June 2022

Kecamatan Kayangan Kabupaten Lombok Utara merupakan daerah dengan perkembangan yang cukup baik pada bidang infrastruktur kesehatan, pendidikan, perdagangan. Issu yang juga berkembang adalah segera dibangunnya global hub, sebuah kawasan pelabuhan internasional yang secara otomatis akan menopang pariwisata. Berbagai kapal pesiar akan datang dari seluruh dunia sehingga pariwisata di kabupaten Lombok utara akan lebih berkembang. Tujuan Kegiatan ini adalah untuk membantu mitra dalam Menerapkan masyarakat sadar wisata di kecamatan kayangan dalam menyambut pembangunan bandar kayangan global hub untuk menunjang keberhasilan pariwisata di kabupaten Lombok utara (KLU). Metode Kegiatan yang digunakan dalam mencapai tujuan kegiatan ini adalah dengan melakukan sosialisasi, penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pendampingan. Kegiatan dari program PPM Kemitraan ini terdiri dari : (1) sosialisasi, penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pendampingan masyarakat sadar wisata, (2) sosialisasi, penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pendampingan pemasaran produk wisata kabupaten lombok utara (KLU). Hasil Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah Masyarakat di kecamatan kayangan di KLU memahami pentingnya masyarakat sadar wisata dengan baik dengan menjaga kebersihan daerah wisata di kayangan dan pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat dari kunjungan wisatawan di kayangan KLU. Kesimpulan Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyrakat ini yaitu, Pokdarwis yang dibentuk di fokuskan di salah satu desa di kecamatan kayangan yaitu di dusun selengan yang anggotanya terdiri dari para pemuda karang taruna, Masyarakat sadar wisata di desa Selengen kecamatan kayangan KLU juga dapat membuat produk agrowisata, dan sudah menghasilkan produk perikanan untuk wisatawan.
Emergency methods, moral dilemma and coping styles among frontline nurses: an explorative study during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zhao Qian , Hu Xiao-li , Zhang Ru-xia , Yu Yang 
Published: June 2022

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly impacted China, especially the emergency services since 2020. For many, it raises unique ethical dilemmas, including psychological, moral, social, and economic issues, especially among frontline health workers. Methods We explored the moral dilemmas of two groups of frontline nurses during the pandemic through online questionnaires and the Corley Moral Distress Scale. We then investigated the effect of proper anti-epidemic emergency measures on alleviating moral dilemmas and improving their coping styles by exploring questions on anti-epidemic measures implemented. Results The average score of all the nurses’ moral dilemmas was 131.27±14.52. They encountered many moral dilemmas during the pandemic. The frontline nurses’ scores indicated more negative coping styles in the first group before systematic preparedness measures were in place. Conclusions This study suggests that the “Chinese emergency methods”, a set of epidemic preparedness protocols and guidelines may affect the frontline nurses in reducing moral dilemmas and improving their coping styles.
Nutrients, Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Analysis of Pterocarpus osun Stem Bark and Leaf for Their Nutritional, Medicinal Capacity
Authors: Fadeyi Adewale Elijah , Adeniran Oluremi Isola , Akiode Saheed Olatunbosun 
Published: June 2022

Plants play a crucial role in human well-being and health. They provide some of the essential nutrients that humans require as well as act as medications to alleviate and cure various health problems. The purpose of this study is to look into the nutritional value, mineral composition, and the overall contributions of Pterocarpus osun to human nutrition and health. The result of the proximate analysis showed that protein is 9.52% in stem bark and 13.63% in the leaf, while the crude fiber in the stem bark is 37.89% and 46.03%, in the leaf. Ash, 6.74% and 7.46% in the stem bark and leaf respectively while carbohydrate content is 15.37% (stem bark) and 3.26% (leaf). Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and tannins were detected in both organs of the plant tested. The mineral elements present include Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Mg, Zn, Cr, Co, Cd, Sulphur, and phosphorus. The antioxidant effect compared favorably well with that of the ascorbic acid used as standard. The extracts were screened for antimicrobial activities using eleven human pathogens. Each of the extracts successfully killed six microbes.
Production Process of Large Pore Size Activated Carbon from Palm Kernel Shell using Sodium Chloride as An Activator
Authors: Nurdin Ahmad , Iriani Iriani , Harahap Hamidah , Fahmi Aliyah 
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to determine the yield of activated carbon, iodine number, and surface area of palm activated carbon. Samples were produced by using sodium chloride (NaCl) as an activator. Palm shells that had been produced by the milling process were then sieved with a 12 mesh sieve and soaked in 20 % NaCl solution. The sample solution was heated over a water bath at 70 oC and continued with the drying process at a constant temperature of 105 oC. The activated shells continued the pyrolysis process at temperatures of 300, 400, and 500 oC for 3 hours. The activated carbon obtained from the pyrolysis process was weighed and then washed using hot distilled water. The samples were dried in an oven at a temperature of 105 oC for 24 hours. The results were analyzed for iodine number using iodometric titration method, surface area using Brunauer- Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and pore structure using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) method. The results showed the best yield was 38.13 % obtained at 20% NaCl and a temperature of 400 oC. The best iodine number was 767.745 mg/g and surface area was 6.790 m2/g, pore volume 4.377 cc/g with pore size 9.781 A.
PELAKSANAAN UNDANG UNDANG NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974 DALAM MENURUNKAN ANGKA PERNIKAHAN ANAK DI BAWAH UMUR DI KABUPATEN LANGKAT (STUDI KASUS DI PENGADILAN AGAMA STABAT KELAS IB)
Authors: Abidin Muhammad , Milhan Milhan , Firmansyah Heri 
Published: June 2022

<p align="center"><strong>abstract </strong></p><p> </p><p>Implementation of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage in reducing the number of child marriages in Langkat Regency, the reality of implementing Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2019 in reducing child marriage rates Underage children in the Stabat Religious Court can still be said to have not been optimal in their implementation in reducing the number of underage marriages. The implications of this research include: there are still many people who do not understand so that the author through this thesis can provide knowledge to the public about the consequences after underage marriage and the importance of the ideal age in carrying out marriage so that the realization of the purpose of marriage itself is contained in the spirit of Article 1 Law of 1974 concerning Marriage. That is to create a happy eternal family according to God Almighty and allow the creation of a sakinah, mawaddah and rahmah family.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>K</em></strong><strong><em>eywords: </em></strong><em>Implementation, Law No. 16 Year 2019, Lowering Marriage</em><strong><em></em></strong></p>
PANDANGAN ULAMA DAN MASYARAKAT KECAMATAN SINGKIL KABUPATEN ACEH SINGKIL TENTANG ADAT TEMETOK DALAM WALIMAH AL-‘URSY
Authors: Irbansyah Ricky , Armia Armia , Ja'far Hasbullah 
Published: June 2022

<p><em>Marriage is the initial process of starting a family life, in conducting marriage it is recommended also to carry out Walimah Al-rsUrsy or a wedding reception to inform the public that they are married so that later misunderstanding and slander will not occur. Walimah Al-rsUrsy means bridal food. The point is the food that is provided specifically at weddings. In Singkil Subdistrict, Aceh Singkil Regency in carrying out Walimah Al-'Ursy there is the Temetok custom, where each wedding party or circumcision, a large family will be summoned one by one to surround the bride or circumcision offer, then give a certain amount of money usually from the big family. giving in large quantities. With this custom, there are families who feel burdened. This fact raises the question: What is meant by Temetok adat in Walimah Al-'Ursy in Singkil District? What is the Temetok adat process in Walimah Al-'Ursy in Singkil District? -'Ursy in Singkil District ?. In this study the authors used a descriptive analysis method, which is a study that aims to describe a current reality. The technique used in obtaining data is by using field research as a source, namely by conducting interviews with related parties as well as observing and researching the literature, as secondary data, namely by studying and reading books, books book. As for the results that the authors found in this study and supported by the Qur'an and Al-Hadith and Islamic law, the Ulama are of the opinion that the Temetok customary law in Walimah Al-'Ursy is permissible, if no one feels objected and there is no who demanded to be returned with the custom. But if there are people who feel objected and demanded to be returned with adat, then the law is not in accordance with Islamic law. And this needs to be socialized by the Ulama to the people who are still implementing the Temetok custom.</em></p><p><em> </em></p>
Associative links between obesity and vitamin D levels as a risk factor for primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Goncharova O. A. , Dubovik V. M. 
Published: June 2022

To date, the fact and mechanisms of associative links between vitamin D deficiency and primary hyperparathyroidism have been established. In turn, the level of 25 (OH) D is influenced by climatic conditions and the presence of obesity.
Objective — to determine the supply of vitamin D in patients with endocrine disorders living in the climate in Ukraine, and to assess the impact of obesity on vitamin D levels and the development of hypercalcemia (signs of primary hyperparathyroidism).
Materials and methods. Body mass index (BMI), serum levels of Ca and vitamin D were assessed in 145 patients, hospitalized in the clinic of Institute of Endocrine Pathology named after V. Ya. Danilevsky NAMS of Ukraine for various endocrine pathologies. The frequency of vitamin insufficiency and vitamin D efficiency, hypercalcemia was analyzed in groups with and without obesity.
Results. The proportion of obese in the general group was 33.8 %, among men — 28.57 %, among women — 35.04 % (p < 0.05). The level of Ca in the blood was 2.39 ± 0.02 mmol/L, high Ca level occurred in 16.55 %, and obesity — in 49 (33.49 %) patients. Against the background of obesity, the level of Ca was 2.42 ± 0.02, and in non-obese people — 2.38 ± 0.02 (p > 0.05). Average level of vitamin D in the blood in the general group was 22.95 ± 0.73 mg/ml and was probably lower in the individuals with obesity (20.95 ± 1.39 vs. 24.09 ± 0.81 mg/ml in groups without obesity, p < 0.05). Distribution of the disease by the degree of vitamin D provision showed that in a cohort with low security vitamin D and the presence of obesity subgroup with a deficiency of vitamin D (20 — 29 ng/ ml) was 1.5 times bigger as the similar subgroup without obesity.
Conclusions. In the climatic conditions of Ukraine, the average level of vitamin D in patients with endocrine pathology is within its deficiency (22.95 ± 0.73 ng/ ml). The presence of obesity in patients with endocrine pathology is associated with a probably lower supply of vitamin D, almost 1.5 times bigger the subgroup with vitamin deficiency (< 20 ng/ ml). The combination of obesity and vitamin D deficiency should be considered as a risk factor for primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with endocrine pathology. Such patients need regular monitoring of blood levels of calcium and parathyroid hormone, as well as medical support for adequate supply of vitamin D.
Features of liver injury related to COVID-19
Authors: Yasnytska E. H. , Kharchenko V. V. 
Published: June 2022

Objective — to study the character of liver function tests’ changes in patients with COVID — 19, assess the rate of their onset, their clinical and laboratory manifestations and degree of COVID‑19 effects on the liver function with the purpose to implement treatment and preventive measures.
Materials and methods. The study included 120 medical records of inpatients with COVID‑19, hospitalized in the departments of Clinical Hospital № 8, reprofiled to the infectious wards in the period between November 2020 and April 2021. The most patients were aged 60 — 69 years (41.7 %) and older than 70 years (25.0 %), the minor portion was younger than 40 years (1.7 %); women prevailed (65.0 %).
Results. The increased hepatic transaminases levels were revealed in 52 % of patients, and total bilirubin (especially indirect) was raised in 15 %. Higher transaminases levels, severe course of coronaviral disease and unfavorable prognosis were more common in male patients. Frequency of SARS‑CoV‑2 — associated liver injury with minimal grade of activity of liver transaminases prevailed in women older than 60 years and men aged 50 to 69 years. COVID‑19‑associated hepatitis with moderate activity was observed in women aged 50 — 69 years and men of working age (40 — 49 years) and elderly (> 70 years) patients, high degree of transaminases’ activity against COVID‑19 background was registered only in men aged 40 — 59 years with moderate to severe COVID‑19 course. Lethal outcomes due to severe pulmonary injury were registered in 19 patients with severe COVID‑19 course; they also had liver dysfunction. From them, 11 had diagnosed liver steatosis before COVID‑19. The most part of deсeased due to COVID‑19 were older than 60 years and had a history of comorbidities (type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis and 2 — 3 grade obesity).
Conclusions. Hepatic impairment occurred in 52 % of inpatients with COVID‑19. All patients with moderate course of coronaviral disease demonstrated positive dynamics of transaminases and bilirubin levels and favorable prognosis after hospitalization due to COVID‑19. Most of them hadn’t had liver injuries before coronaviral disease and six patients had been diagnosed with liver diseases before COVID‑19. No cases of fatal liver failure were registered. After in‑hospital treatment, the transaminases levels were lower in patients, who hadn’t had history of liver diseases before COVID‑19 and received hepatoprotective drugs. Treatment with glutathione and ursodeoxycholic acid was confirmed as the most effective therapy in patients with coronaviral disease.