bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DRIVER ONLINE AKIBAT TERJADINYA PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA MITRA GOJEK INDONESIA DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Hatimatunnisani Hani , Reza Oktora Ayu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the income of online drivers before and during the Covid-19 pandemic on Gojek Indonesia Partners in Bandung. The research method used is a quantitative method, and the data collection technique uses questionnaire via google form to 50 respondents as the research sample. While the data analysis technique used a paired 2-sample test. Based on the results of the study, the Wilcoxon Test value was -6,146 with a significance of 0,000 which showed that there were differences in the income of online drivers before and during the pandemic. The occurrence of a pandemic resulted in a decrease in average income of Rp. 148,880 or 76.04% of the average income before the pandemic. The decline in income was caused by several things, including limited areas that online motorbikes cannot be entered freely, there is an appeals for PSBB and social distancing from government and several features that are temporarily disabled in the Gojek application.
Keywords : Income, Covid-19, Driver Online, Paired 2-Sample Test, Wilcoxon Test

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan driver online sebelum dan saat terjadinya pandemi Covid-19 pada Mitra Gojek Indonesia di Kota Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif, dan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner melalui google form terhadap 50 responden sebagai sampel penelitian. Sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan uji 2-sampel berpasangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai uji Wilcoxon sebesar -6,146 dengan signifikansi 0.000 menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pendapatan driver online pada masa sebelum dan saat terjadinya pandemi. Terjadinya pandemi mengakibatkan penurunan rata-rata pendapatan sebesar Rp. 148.880 atau 76,04% dari rata-rata pendapatan sebelum pandemi. Penurunan pendapatan tersebut disebabkan oleh beberapa hal diantaranya keterbatasan wilayah yang tidak boleh dimasuki ojek online secara bebas, adanya himbauan PSBB dan social distancing dari pemerintah dan beberapa fitur yang dimatikan sementara oleh aplikasi Gojek.
Kata kunci : Pendapatan, Covid-19, Driver Online, Uji 2-Sampel Berpasangan, Uji Wilcoxon
Soil Fertility Status and Correlation of Available Macro and Micronutrients in Warangal District of Telangana State
Authors: Ramulu Ch. , Kamalakar J. 
Published: November 2022

Fertility status of red and medium black soils and their correlation studies were carried out insoils of Warangal District (R) of Telangana State. All samples in red and medium black soils were neutral to alkaline in reaction and pH values ranged from 7.25 to 8.56 by medium black soilfollowed (6.50 to 7.52) by red soil with mean values of 7.64 in medium black soilfollowed 7.53 in red soil. The EC varies from 0.08 to 1.90 dS m-1 in red soil and 0.08 to 2.17 dS m-1 in medium black soil.The calcium carbonate (CaCO3) content varies from 0.59 to 1.95% in red soil and 1.69 to 2.92% in medium black soil and maximum mean valuewas recorded in medium black soil (1.69%) followed by red soil (0.69%). Red soils were Loam to Clay loam whereas medium black soils were clay in texture. Organic carbon content ranges from 0.14 to 0.75% in red soil and from 0.50 to 0.79% in medium black soil with an average value of 0.38% in red soil and 0.53% in medium black soil. 81and 45% of soils were low, 15 and 55% in medium and none of the soil samples were found higher categoryin OC content in red soil and medium black soils, respectively. Available N, P, K and S content varied from 59 to 201kg ha-1, 14 to 133kg ha-1, 211 to 341kg ha-1 and 6.9 to 24.59 mg kg-1with mean values of 144 kg ha-1, 56 kg ha-1, 247 kg ha-1 and 19.26 mg kg-1 in red soils, respectively. In medium black soils available N, P, K and S content varied from 100 to 276 kg ha-1, 21 to 103 kg ha-1, 332 to 450 kg ha-1 and 10.50 to 41.40 mg kg-1with mean values of 177 kg ha-1, 54 kg ha-1, 398 kg ha-1and 27.40 mg kg-1, respectively. In red soils 100% samples were low in available N, 25%low, 32 % medium and 43% higher in available P2O5,1% medium and 99% higher in available K2O and 62% low and 38% medium in available S. In medium black soils 100% samples were low in available N, 22% low, 38% medium and 40% higher in available P2O5, 38% medium and 62% samples were higher in available K2O and 51% low and 49% medium in available S. The DTPA-Zn in 23% samples were deficient in medium black soil. In case of DTPA-Fe in 47 and 90% samples were found deficient in red and medium black soil, respectively. None of the samples in both soil groups were found deficient in Cu and Mn. In case of available-B in 29 and 34% samples were deficient in red and medium black soils, respectively. The data indicated that only 9.2% samples in medium black soil were deficient in case of available Mo. The nutrient index indicated that the red and medium black soils were low, medium and high in available N, P and K, respectively. Deficiency of micronutrients was in the order: Fe > B in red soils, Fe > B >Zn in medium black soils. Available N, P, K, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B decreased, whereas Mo increased with increasing pH. Available N and P decreased, whereas K and S increased with increasing EC. Available N, P, K, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and B increased with increasing level of organic carbon.
Visualization of Tunable Weyl Line in A–A Stacking Kagome Magnets
Authors: Cheng Zi‐Jia , Belopolski Ilya , Tien Hung‐Ju , Cochran Tyler A. , Yang Xian P. , Ma Wenlong , Yin Jia‐Xin , Chen Dong , Zhang Junyi , Jozwiak Chris , Bostwick Aaron , Rotenberg Eli , Cheng Guangming , Hossain Md. Shafayat , Zhang Qi , Litskevich Maksim , Jiang Yu‐Xiao , Yao Nan , Schroeter Niels B. M. , Strocov Vladimir N. , Lian Biao , Felser Claudia , Chang Guoqing , Jia Shuang , Chang Tay‐Rong , Hasan M. Zahid 
Published: November 2022

AbstractKagome magnets provide a fascinating platform for a plethora of topological quantum phenomena, in which the delicate interplay between frustrated crystal structure, magnetization, and spin–orbit coupling (SOC) can engender highly tunable topological states. Here, utilizing angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy, the Weyl lines are directly visualized with strong out‐of‐plane dispersion in the A–A stacked kagome magnet GdMn6Sn6. Remarkably, the Weyl lines exhibit a strong magnetization‐direction‐tunable SOC gap and binding energy tunability after substituting Gd with Tb and Li, respectively. These results not only illustrate the magnetization direction and valence counting as efficient tuning knobs for realizing and controlling distinct 3D topological phases, but also demonstrate AMn6Sn6 (A = rare earth, or Li, Mg, or Ca) as a versatile material family for exploring diverse emergent topological quantum responses.
Engineering Surface Oxophilicity of Copper for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Ethanol
Authors: Li Minhan , Song Nan , Luo Wei , Chen Jun , Jiang Wan , Yang Jianping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCopper‐based materials are known for converting CO2 into deep reduction products via electrochemical reduction reaction (CO2RR). As the major multicarbon products (C2+), ethanol (C2H5OH) and ethylene (C2H4) are believed to share a common oxygenic intermediate according to theoretical studies, while the key factors that bifurcate C2H5OH and C2H4 pathways on Cu‐based catalysts are not fully understood. Here, a surface oxophilicity regulation strategy to enhance C2H5OH production in CO2RR is proposed, demonstrated by a Cu‐Sn bimetallic system. Compared with bare Cu catalyst, the Cu‐Sn bimetallic catalysts show improved C2H5OH but suppressed C2H4 selectivity. The experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the surface oxophilicity of Cu‐Sn catalysts plays an important role in steering the protonation of the key oxygenic intermediate and guides the reaction pathways to C2H5OH. This study provides new insights into the electrocatalyst design for enhanced production of oxygenic products from CO2RR by engineering the surface oxophilicity of copper‐based catalysts.
Bio‐inspired functional coacervates
Authors: Chen Shujun , Guo Qi , Yu Jing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany functional coacervates have been identified in biological systems, which have attracted widespread interest. Coacervation is a liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) process in which a macromolecule‐enriched liquid phase is formed together with a macromolecule‐depleted phase. Bio‐inspired coacervates possess excellent features such as underwater delivery, low interface energy, shear thinning, and excellent biocompatibility. They also serve as good delivery platforms for different types of molecules. In this review, we briefly discuss some important extracellular coacervate systems, including mussel adhesives, sandcastle worm glue, squid beak, and tropoelastin. We then provide an overview of the recent development of bio‐inspired functional coacervates for various biomedical applications, including medical adhesives, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. Bio‐inspired functional coacervates offer a promising material platform for developing new materials for biomedical applications.
A new insight into the unique magneto‐optical effect of layered perovskite (C6H5C2H3FNH3)2MnCl4
Authors: Hu Zhao‐Bo , Li Long‐He , Han Yibo , Zhang Jinlei , Li Jianrong , Chen Zilu , Wu Shuyi , Zhang Yi , Ye Heng‐Yun , Song You 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMagnet‐optical materials embracing coupled magnetic and photoluminescent properties in single phase are promising in microelectronics and optoelectronic devices. However, the current research mainly focuses on traditional inorganic materials, and there are few reports on molecule materials. Recently, we synthesized an organic–inorganic hybrid complex (C6H5C2H3FNH3)2MnCl4 (1) with perovskite structure. Physical measurements show that 1 not only behaves as an antiferromagnet with spin canting but also exhibits unusual fluorescent properties. Importantly, under the magnetic field at different temperatures, the luminous intensity of 1 changed, and a red‐shift occurred with obviously optical hysteresis. These phenomena directly prove the existence of magneto‐optical coupling in 1. More interestingly, the optical hysteresis can be observed in both low and high field, which is unprecedented in other molecular materials. Even in traditional inorganic materials, it can only be observed in strong field. This special function provides the possibility for the application of low energy consumption optoelectronic devices.
The Boechera model system for evolutionary ecology
Authors: Rushworth Catherine A. , Wagner Maggie R. , Mitchell‐Olds Thomas , Anderson Jill T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractModel systems in biology expand the research capacity of individuals and the community. Closely related to Arabidopsis, the genus Boechera has emerged as an important ecological model owing to the ability to integrate across molecular, functional, and eco‐evolutionary approaches. Boechera species are broadly distributed in relatively undisturbed habitats predominantly in western North America and provide one of the few experimental systems for identification of ecologically important genes through genome‐wide association studies and investigations of selection with plants in their native habitats. The ecologically, evolutionarily, and agriculturally important trait of apomixis (asexual reproduction via seeds) is common in the genus, and field experiments suggest that abiotic and biotic environments shape the evolution of sex. To date, population genetic studies have focused on the widespread species B. stricta, detailing population divergence and demographic history. Molecular and ecological studies show that balancing selection maintains genetic variation in ~10% of the genome, and ecological trade‐offs contribute to complex trait variation for herbivore resistance, flowering phenology, and drought tolerance. Microbiome analyses have shown that host genotypes influence leaf and root microbiome composition, and the soil microbiome influences flowering phenology and natural selection. Furthermore, Boechera offers numerous opportunities for investigating biological responses to global change. In B. stricta, climate change has induced a shift of >2 weeks in the timing of first flowering since the 1970s, altered patterns of natural selection, generated maladaptation in previously locally‐adapted populations, and disrupted life history trade‐offs. Here we review resources and results for this eco‐evolutionary model system and discuss future research directions.
Evolvability and constraint in the evolution of three‐dimensional flower morphology
Authors: Opedal Øystein H. , Hildesheim Laura S. , Armbruster W. Scott 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPremiseFlower phenotypes evolve to attract pollinators and to ensure efficient pollen transfer to and from the bodies of pollinators or, in self‐compatible bisexual flowers, between anthers and stigmas. If functionally interacting traits are genetically correlated, response to selection may be subject to genetic constraints. Genetic constraints can be assessed by quantifying standing genetic variation in (multivariate) phenotypic traits and by asking how much the available variation is reduced under specific assumptions about phenotypic selection on functionally interacting and genetically correlated traits.MethodsWe evaluated multivariate evolvability and potential genetic constraints underlying the evolution of the three‐dimensional structure of Dalechampia blossoms. First, we used data from a greenhouse crossing design to estimate the G matrix for traits representing the relative positions of male and female sexual organs (anthers and stigmas) and used the G matrix to ask how genetic variation is distributed in multivariate space. To assess the evolutionary importance of genetic constraints, we related standing genetic variation across phenotypic space to evolutionary divergence of population and species in the same phenotypic directions.ResultsEvolvabilities varied substantially across phenotype space, suggesting that certain traits or trait combinations may be subject to strong genetic constraint. Traits involved functionally in flower‐pollinator fit and autonomous selfing exhibited considerable independent evolutionary potential, but population and species divergence tended to occur in phenotypic directions associated with greater‐than‐average evolvability.ConclusionsThese results are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic constraints can hamper joint trait evolution towards optimum flower‐pollinator fit and optimum self‐pollination rates.
Evolutionary effects of nitrogen are not easily predicted from ecological responses
Authors: Waterton Joseph , Hammond Mark , Lau Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPremiseAnthropogenic nitrogen (N) addition alters the abiotic and biotic environment, potentially leading to changes in patterns of natural selection (i.e., trait–fitness relationships) and the opportunity for selection (i.e., variance in relative fitness). Because N addition favors species with light acquisition strategies (e.g., tall species), we predicted that N would strengthen selection favoring those same traits. We also predicted that N could alter the opportunity for selection via its effects on mean fitness and/or competitive asymmetries.MethodsWe quantified the strength of selection and the opportunity for selection in replicated populations of the annual grassSetaria faberi(giant foxtail) growing in a long‐term N addition experiment. We also correlated these population‐level parameters with community‐level metrics to identify the proximate causes of N‐mediated evolutionary effects.ResultsN addition increased aboveground productivity, light asymmetry, and reduced species diversity. Contrary to expectations, N addition did not strengthen selection for trait values associated with higher light acquisition such as greater height and specific leaf area (SLA); rather, it strengthened selection favoring lower SLA. Light asymmetry and species diversity were associated with selection for height and SLA, suggesting a role for these factors in driving N‐mediated selection. The opportunity for selection was not influenced by N addition but was negatively associated with species diversity.ConclusionsOur results indicate that anthropogenic N enrichment can affect evolutionary processes, but that evolutionary changes in plant traits within populations are unlikely to parallel the shifts in plant traits observed at the community level.
Intrafloral patterns of color and scent in Capparis spinosa L. and the ghosts of its selection past
Authors: Kantsa Aphrodite , Garcia Jair E. , Raguso Robert A. , Dyer Adrian G. , Steen Ronny , Tscheulin Thomas , Petanidou Theodora 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPremiseCapparis spinosa is a widespread charismatic plant, in which the nocturnal floral habit contrasts with the high visitation by diurnal bees and the pronounced scarcity of hawkmoths. To resolve this discrepancy and elucidate floral evolution of C. spinosa, we analyzed the intrafloral patterns of visual and olfactory cues in relation to the known sensory biases of the different visitor guilds (bees, butterflies, and hawkmoths).MethodsWe measured the intrafloral variation of scent, reflectance spectra, and colorimetric properties according to three guilds of known visitors of C. spinosa. Additionally, we sampled visitation rates using a motion‐activated camera.ResultsCarpenter bees visited the flowers eight times more frequently than nocturnal hawkmoths, at dusk and in the following morning. Yet, the floral headspace of C. spinosa contained a typical sphingophilous scent with high emission rates of certain monoterpenes and amino‐acid derived compounds. Visual cues included a special case of multisensory nectar guide and color patterns conspicuous to the visual systems of both hawkmoths and bees.ConclusionsThe intrafloral patterns of sensory stimuli suggest that hawkmoths have exerted strong historical selection on C. spinosa. Our study revealed two interesting paradoxes: (a) the flowers phenotypically biased towards the more inconsistent pollinator; and (b) floral display demands an abundance of resources that seems maladaptive in the habitats of C. spinosa. The transition to a binary pollination system accommodating large bees has not required phenotypic changes, owing to specific eco‐physiological adaptations, unrelated to pollination, which make this plant an unusual case in pollination ecology.
Mycorrhizae influence plant vegetative and floral traits and intraspecific trait variation
Authors: Burkle Laura A. , Zabinski Catherine A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPremiseArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can strongly influence host plant vegetative growth, but less is known about AMF effects on other plant traits, the relative impacts of AMF on vegetative growth versus floral traits, or AMF‐induced intraspecific variation in traits.MethodsIn an experimental greenhouse study, we inoculated seven species of wildflowers with six species of AMF in a factorial design. We assessed how the AMF–forb combinations influenced plant survival, vegetative biomass, and floral traits and whether AMF effects on floral traits were similar in magnitude and direction to effects on vegetative biomass. For one forb species, we investigated intraspecific plant trait variation within and across AMF treatments.ResultsAMF species varied from negative to positive in their effects on host plants. AMF often had inconsistent effects on vegetative biomass versus floral traits, and therefore, quantifying one or the other may provide a misleading representation of potential AMF effects. AMF treatments generated key variation in plant traits, especially floral traits, with potential consequences for plant–pollinator interactions. Given increased intraspecific trait variation in Linum lewisii plants across AMF species compared to uninoculated individuals or single AMF treatments, local AMF diversity and their host plant associations may scale up to influence community‐wide patterns of trait variation and species interactions.ConclusionsThese results have implications for predicting how aboveground communities are affected by belowground communities. Including AMF effects on not just host plant biomass but also functional traits and trait variation will deepen our understanding of community structure and function, including pollination.
Is there hybridization between diploid and tetraploid Euphrasia in a secondary contact zone?
Authors: Brown Max R. , Becher Hannes , Williams Sebastian , Twyford Alex D. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPremiseStrong postzygotic reproductive isolating barriers are usually expected to limit the extent of natural hybridization between species with contrasting ploidy. However, genomic sequencing has revealed previously overlooked examples of natural cross‐ploidy hybridization in some flowering plant genera, suggesting that the phenomenon may be more common than once thought. We investigated potential cross‐ploidy hybridization in British eyebrights (Euphrasia, Orobanchaceae), a group from which 13 putative cross‐ploidy hybrid combinations have been reported based on morphology.MethodsWe analyzed a contact zone between diploid Euphrasia rostkoviana and tetraploid E. arctica in Wales. We sequenced part of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and used genotyping by sequencing (GBS) to look for evidence of cross‐ploidy hybridization and introgression.ResultsCommon variant sites in the ITS region were fixed between diploids and tetraploids, indicating a strong barrier to hybridization. Clustering analyses of 356 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated using GBS clearly separated samples by ploidy and revealed strong genetic structure (FST = 0.44). However, the FST distribution across all SNPs was bimodal, indicating potential differential selection on loci between diploids and tetraploids. Demographic inference suggested potential gene flow, limited to around one or fewer migrants per generation.ConclusionsOur results suggest that recent cross‐ploidy hybridization is rare or absent in a site of secondary contact in Euphrasia. While a strong ploidy barrier prevents hybridization over ecological timescales, such hybrids may form in stable populations over evolutionary timescales, potentially allowing cross‐ploidy introgression to take place.