bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual‐hormone artificial pancreas for glucose control in type 1 diabetes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zeng Baoqi , Jia Hao , Gao Le , Yang Qingqing , Yu Kai , Sun Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a dual‐hormone artificial pancreas (DH) in type 1 diabetes.Material and MethodsPubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for studies published up to February 16, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials that compared DH with single­hormone artificial pancreas (SH), continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or sensor‐augmented pumps (SAP), and predictive low glucose suspend systems (PLGS) in type 1 diabetes. The primary outcome was percent time in target (3.9‐10 mmol/L [70‐180 mg/dL]). Data were summarized as mean differences (MDs) or risk differences (RDs).ResultsA total of 17 randomized crossover trials (438 participants) were included. There were nine trials of DH versus SH, 13 trials of DH versus SAP/CSII, and two trials of DH versus PLGS. For time in target, DH showed no significant difference in time in target compared with SH (MD 2.69%, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.38 to 5.76) but resulted in 16.05% (95% CI 12.06 to 20.05) and 6.89% (95% CI 2.63 to 11.14) more time in target range compared with SAP/CSII and PLGS, respectively. DH slightly reduced time in hypoglycaemia (MD −1.20%, 95% CI −1.85 to −0.56) but increased the risk of gastrointestinal symptoms (RD 0.18, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.27) compared with SH.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that DH has a comparable effect on time in target compared with SH, but is associated with a longer time in target range compared with SAP/CSII and PLGS. The DH slightly reduced time in hypoglycaemia but may increase the risk of gastrointestinal symptoms compared with the SH.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022314015.
Glycaemic measures for 8914 adult FreeStyle Libre users during routine care, segmented by age group and observed changes during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Choudhary Pratik , Kao Kalvin , Dunn Timothy C. , Brandner Laura , Rayman Gerry , Wilmot Emma G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of the stay‐at‐home policy on different glucose metrics for time in range (%TIR 3.9‐10 mmol/L), time below range (%TBR < 3.9 mmol/L) and time above range (%TAR > 10 mmol/L) for UK adult FreeStyle Libre (FSL) users within four defined age groups and on observed changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.MethodsData were extracted from 8914 LibreView de‐identified user accounts for adult users aged 18 years or older with 5 or more days of sensor readings in each month from January to June 2020. Age‐group categories were based on self‐reported age on LibreView accounts (18‐25, 26‐49, 50‐64 and ≥65 years).ResultsIn January, prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the 65 years or older age group had the highest %TIR (57.9%), while the 18‐25 years age group had the lowest (51.2%) (P < .001). Within each age group, TIR increased during the analysed months, by 1.7% (26‐49 years) to 3.1% (≥65 years) (P < .001 in all cases). %TBR was significantly reduced only in the 26‐49 years age group, whereas %TAR was reduced by 1.5% (26‐49 years) to 3.0% (≥65 years) (P < .001 in both cases). The proportion of adults achieving both of the more than 70% TIR and less than 4% TBR targets increased from 11.7% to 15.9% for those aged 65 years or older (P < .001) and from 6.0% to 9.1% for those aged 18‐25 years (P < .05). Mean daily glucose‐sensor scan rates were at least 12 per day and remained stable across the analysis period.ConclusionsOur data show the baseline glucose metrics for FSL users in the UK across different age groups under usual care. During lockdown in the UK, the proportion of adults achieving TIR consensus targets increased among FSL users.
Optimal unemployment insurance in a directed search model
Authors: Gervais Martin , Warren Lawrence , Boostani Reza 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOver recent decades, several economies have experienced changes in the level of aggregate and idiosyncratic volatility. This paper investigates the appropriate labor market policy response to such changes. We introduce unemployment benefits financed by a proportional earnings tax within a model of directed search on the job. The optimal benefit level is hump‐shaped as a function of the level of idiosyncratic risk, and the welfare costs of deviating from the optimum are substantial. In contrast, while the optimal generosity of unemployment insurance—which is pro‐cyclical—declines with the amount of aggregate risk, the welfare costs of deviating are small.
Pursuing sustainability development goals through adopting gender equality: Women representation in leadership positions of emerging market multinationals
Authors: Saeed Abubakr , Riaz Hammad , Baloch Muhammad Saad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study examines the competitive disadvantages rationale behind the pursuing of Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) by emerging market multinational corporations (EM‐MNCs) in foreign markets. We argue that EM‐MNCs may pursue gender equality goal in host markets as a legitimation strategy to offset their strategic disadvantages inherited from the home markets. Based on a sample of foreign subsidiaries from 10 major emerging countries from 2010 to 2020, this study finds strong evidence demonstrating that the institutional quality of home markets exerts a positive effect on the representation of women in leadership positions of EM‐MNCs. Additional analyses demonstrate that international experience and institutional ownership further magnify this effect.
Predictors of organizational commitment among Chinese nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Su Lyuna , Wichaikhum Orn‐Anong , Abhicharttibutra Kulwadee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate organizational commitment among Chinese nurses and analyze factors influencing organizational commitment during COVID‐19.BackgroundOrganizational commitment is the most important link between nurses and the organization because it is effective in work retention and the motivation of nurses, especially when addressing the COVID‐19 crisis. However, there has been no empirical study conducted to predict organizational commitment in the field of nursing by combining work values with professional practice environments.MethodsA cross‐sectional predictive study was done with 362 nurses recruited from two tertiary hospitals in China. The Organizational Commitment Questionnaire, the Work Values Scale, and the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index were used to collect data. Two factors related to the organizational commitment of nurses were investigated by using binary logistic regression analyses.ResultsIncreased work values and a professional practice environment were associated with an increased likelihood of higher organizational commitment.DiscussionThe COVID‐19 crisis became the utmost challenge to global healthcare systems and professional organizational commitment. Nurses’ organizational commitment was directly influenced by the professional practice environment and work values, especially intrinsic work values, in which the spirit of collectivism was consequential.Conclusion and implications for the field of nursing and health policyStudy results provide information for global hospital administrators to promote these organizational commitment predictive factors, including work values and a professional practice environment in nursing practice. This helped foster a stronger organizational commitment among nurses to reduce nurse resource flow during COVID‐19.
Flexible multi‐state nonvolatile antiferroelectric memory
Authors: Liu Lisha , Cai Yuanyuan , Chen Xin , Liu Zhen , Yuan Guoliang , Wang Yaojin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA rapid surge on the research of nonvolatile memory is occurring with the explosion of information data. However, the realization of multi‐state memory with enhanced storage capability remains a challenge, especially toward the bio‐integrated/wearable electronics. In this work, we propose an unprecedented flexible multi‐state data storage strategy based on antiferroelectric film (i.e., PbZrO3) with the assistance of unique mica substrates. These flexible PbZrO3 films exhibit remarkable durability and flexibility, that is, as high as 106 times bending with radii as small as 5 mm is achieved, the best activity reported so far for flexible antiferroelectric films. Most importantly, the memory endures 108 electrical write/read cycles and works properly reaching 390 K. These findings can provide new pathways for the development of the next‐generation multi‐state memory in smart wearable devices or flexible display screens.
Selling Silence: The Morality of Sexual Harassment NDAs
Authors: Altman Scott 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThis article argues against enforcing sexual harassment nondisclosure agreements (NDAs). Although NDAs guard privacy, facilitate settlement, and compensate victims, they also help repeat perpetrators avoid detection and punishment, endangering future victims and undermining efforts to combat sexual harassment. Advocates argue that victims have no duty to prevent these harms, given the risks and trauma of reporting. I offer three responses. First, although most victims have no duty to speak, some victims might come to have such a duty. The state should not help them commit to violating a future duty. Second, some initially reticent victims may later want to disclose. The state should not enforce promises not to do supererogatory acts. Third, NDAs make victims complicit with the perpetrator's future harassment and wrongful efforts to avoid social punishment. If perpetrators refuse to compensate victims adequately without NDAs, we should increase victim compensation rather than enforce NDAs. Accused harassers might claim they need NDAs to guard against wrongful or excessive social punishment. For guilty perpetrators, NDAs resemble felony expungement statutes. However, arguments for expungement do not apply to NDAs. Although falsely accused people have legitimate privacy interests, NDAs are an excessively broad way to protect this interest.
Development and validation of the Fat Attitudes Assessment Toolkit (FAAT): A multidimensional nonstigmatizing measure of contemporary attitudes toward fatness and fat people
Authors: Cain Patricia , Donaghue Ngaire , Ditchburn Graeme 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMany instruments recommended for measuring attitudes toward fatness and “obesity” were developed in the 1990s, a time when the “obesity epidemic” was gaining momentum and anti‐fat rhetoric was normative. Consequently, these instruments have tended to focus on assessing negative appraisals of fatness and fat people and reinforce weight stigma. As fat discourse has matured and expanded to incorporate fat positive attitudes, a nonstigmatizing way of measuring contemporary fat attitudes and beliefs in quantitative research is required. To address this need, we developed the Fat Attitudes Assessment Toolkit (FAAT). In this article, we describe the development of the FAAT and provide initial evidence for the scale's validity and psychometric properties across three studies. Study 1 included a systematic process for developing the extensive item pool that was reviewed by subject matter experts and a community panel. We explored and identified an initial multidimensional structure for the FAAT. Study 2 expanded and confirmed the factor structure with additional analyses in an independent sample and provided evidence for the overall reliability of the subscale scores and reliability as a function of gender and identification as fat. Construct and criterion validity of the subscale scores were also demonstrated. Study 3 provided evidence for the test‐retest reliability of the FAAT subscales scores over time. The FAAT includes nine robust scales: Empathy, Activism Orientation, Size Acceptance, Attractiveness, Critical Health, General Complexity, Socioeconomic Complexity, Responsibility, and Body Acceptance. Specific subscales can be combined to form two composite measures: Fat Acceptance and Attribution Complexity. The scales that comprise the FAAT measure specific elements of attitudes towards fat people that are frequently targeted in weight stigma reduction research and activism; the FAAT thus offers a powerful and precise method for evaluating weight stigma reduction interventions that allows for an assessment of shifts toward more positive attitudes.
The associations of cognitive distortions with internet addiction and internet activities in adolescents: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Özparlak Arif , Karakaya Dudu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study examined difference in the levels of internet addiction across internet activities, and the associations of cognitive distortions with internet addiction and internet activities.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study involving 638 adolescents. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Internet Addiction Scale and The Children's Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSSv23 and descriptive methods, independent samples t‐test, linear regression, logistic regression were performed.FindingsThe prevalence of internet addiction in adolescents was found to be 16.9%. The internet addiction scores of adolescents who use the internet for online gaming, visiting pornographic sites, using and chatting on social media, and aimless browsing are higher. Catastrophizing, personalization, and selective abstraction cognitive distortions explain internet addiction variance at a level of 17.5%. Selective abstraction predicts online gaming and aimless browsing, personalization predicts pornographic site visiting, and catastrophization predicts doing homework on the internet.ConclusionOnline gaming, visiting pornographic sites, using and chatting on social media and internet aimless browsing are distinctive of internet addiction. Internet addiction and various internet activities are associated with cognitive distortions. Mental health nurses should help adolescents to become aware of their cognitive distortions and to produce more functional thoughts.
SQLE facilitates the pancreatic cancer progression via the lncRNA‐TTN‐AS1/miR‐133b/SQLE axis
Authors: Wang Shuhui , Dong Lei , Ma Lin , Yang Suzhen , Zheng Ying , Zhang Jing , Wu Chuanghong , Zhao Yidi , Hou Yangfan , Li Hong , Wang Ting 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStudies have shown that SQLE is highly expressed in a variety of tumours and promotes tumour progression. However, the role of SQLE in pancreatic cancer (PC) has not been reported. Here, we aim to study the role and molecular mechanism of SQLE in PC. Immunohistochemistry and functional experiments showed that SQLE was highly expressed in PC tissues and promoted the proliferation and invasion of PC cells. Terbinafine, an inhibitor of SQLE, inhibited this effect. In order to further study the upstream mechanism that regulates SQLE, we used bioinformatics technology to lock miR‐133b and lncRNA‐TTN‐AS. In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of miR‐133b and lncRNA‐TTN‐AS1 in PC tissues. The luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to confirm the binding of miR‐133b and lncRNA‐TTN‐AS1. The results showed that miR‐133b was down‐regulated in PC tissues and negatively correlated with the expression of SQLE. LncRNA‐TTN‐AS1 was upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and positively correlated with the expression of SQLE. Luciferase gene reporter gene analysis confirmed lncRNA‐TTN‐AS1 directly binded to miR‐133b. Therefore, we propose that targeting the lncRNA‐TTN‐AS1/miR‐133b/SQLE axis is expected to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of PC patients.
Usefulness of the pancreas as a prime target for histopathological diagnosis of Tilapia parvovirus (TiPV) infection in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Dong Ha Thanh , Sangpo Pattiya , Dien Le Thanh , Mai Thao Thu , Linh Nguyen Vu , del‐Pozo Jorge , Salin Krishna R. , Senapin Saengchan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTilapia parvovirus (TiPV) is an emerging virus reportedly associated with disease and mortality in farmed tilapia. Although previous descriptions of histopathological changes are available, the lesions reported in these are not pathognomonic. Here, we report Cowdry type A inclusion bodies (CAIB) in the pancreas as a diagnostic histopathological feature found in adult Nile tilapia naturally infected with TiPV. This type of inclusion body has been well‐known as a histopathological landmark for the diagnosis of other parvoviral infections in shrimp and terrestrial species. Interestingly, this lesion could be exclusively observed in pancreatic acinar cells, both in the hepatopancreas and pancreatic tissue along the intestine. In situ hybridization (ISH) using a TiPV‐specific probe revealed the intranuclear presence of TiPV DNA in multiple tissues, including the liver, pancreas, kidney, spleen, gills and the membrane of oocytes in the ovary. These findings suggest that although TiPV can replicate in several tissue types, CAIB manifest exclusively in pancreatic tissues. In addition to TiPV, most diseased fish were co‐infected with Streptococcus agalactiae, and presented with multifocal granulomas secondary to this bacterial infection. Partial genome amplification of TiPV was successful and revealed high nucleotide identity (>99%) to previously reported isolates. In summary, this study highlights the usefulness of pancreatic tissue as a prime target for histopathological diagnosis of TiPV in diseased Nile tilapia. This pattern may be critical when determining the presence of TiPV infection in new geographic areas, where ancillary testing may not be available. TiPV pathogenesis in this landmark organ warrants further investigation.
Machine‐learning‐based virtual screening to repurpose drugs for treatment of Candida albicans infection
Authors: Gao Andrew , Kouznetsova Valentina L. , Tsigelny Igor F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 30% of Candida genus isolates are resistant to all currently available antifungal drugs and it is highly important to develop new treatments. Additionally, many current drugs are toxic and cause unwanted side effects. 1,3‐beta‐glucan synthase is an essential enzyme that builds the cell walls of Candida.ObjectivesTargeting CaFKS1, a subunit of the synthase, could be used to fight Candida.MethodsIn the present study, a machine‐learning model based on chemical descriptors was trained to recognise drugs that inhibit CaFKS1. The model attained 96.72% accuracy for classifying between active and inactive drug compounds. Descriptors for FDA‐approved and other drugs were calculated, and the model was used to predict the potential activity of these drugs against CaFKS1.ResultsSeveral drugs, including goserelin and icatibant, were detected as active with high confidence. Many of the drugs, interestingly, were gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists or agonists. A literature search found that five of the predicted drugs inhibit Candida experimentally.ConclusionsThis study yields promising drugs to be repurposed to combat Candida albicans infection. Future steps include testing the drugs on fungal cells in vitro.
Greater chemical signaling in root exudates enhances soil mutualistic associations in invasive plants compared to natives
Authors: Yu Hongwei , He Yingying , Zhang Wen , Chen Li , Zhang Junli , Zhang Xuebin , Dawson Wayne , Ding Jianqing 
Published: May 2022

Summary
Invasive plants can change soil properties resulting in improved growth. Although invaders are known to alter soil chemistry, it remains unclear if chemicals secreted by roots facilitate invasive plant–soil mutualisms.
With up to 19 confamilial pairs of invasive and native plants, and most of which were congeners, we explored the root exudate‐induced changes in plant–arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal mutualisms.
We found that, relative to natives, invaders had greater AM colonization, greater biomass and their root exudates contained higher concentrations of two common chemical signals – quercetin and strigolactones – which are known to stimulate AM fungal growth and root colonization. An exudate exchange experiment showed that root exudates from invaders increased AM colonization more than exudates from natives. However, application of activated carbon led to greater reduction in AM colonization and plant biomass for invaders than natives, suggesting stronger effects of chemical signals in root exudates from invaders.
We show that nonnative plants promote interactions with soil mutualists via enhancing root exudate chemicals, which could have important implications for invasion success.
Ethylene activates poplar defense against Dothiorella gregaria Sacc by regulating reactive oxygen species accumulation
Authors: Liu Hengjing , Zhang Hao , Yang Fei , Chai Shuli , Wang Lijun , de Dios Víctor Resco , Tan Wenrong , Yao Yinan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPopulus canker is a widespread disease that seriously threatens the survival of trees. Phytohormones are considered as effective chemical molecules improving plant resistance to various diseases. Ethylene is an important phytohormone that is extensively involved in the regulation of plant growth, development, and stress responses, but how ethylene and ethylene signaling regulates defense responses in woody plants is still unclear. Here, we showed that ethylene positively regulates the responses of poplar to canker caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Dothiorella gregaria. Treatment of Populus tomentosa with 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC, the biosynthetic precursor of ethylene) significantly enhanced disease resistance, accompanied by the induction of pathogen‐related protein (PR) gene expression and H2O2 accumulation. Blocking ethylene biosynthesis using aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG, a specific inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis) repressed the disease resistance. Overexpression of the ethylene biosynthesis gene PtoACO7 in Populus tomentosa promoted defense responses and disease resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the ethylene‐induced defense response is independent of the salicylic acid pathway, but needs ROS signaling. ACC or PtoACO7 overexpression induced expressions of PtoRbohD/RbohF, which encode NADPH oxidases, and elevated H2O2 levels in poplar. Inhibition of the NADPH oxidase compromised ethylene‐induced disease resistance and PR gene expressions, while H2O2 application could completely rescue the AVG‐caused disease hypersensitivity. Therefore, the involvement of ethylene in disease resistance is done by activation of PR gene expressions and ROS production. Our results also showed that modifying ethylene biosynthesis or its signaling pathway has a great potential for improving disease resistance in woody plants.