bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of different nitrogen concentrations to carbon and nitrogen metabolism in tomato leaves
Authors: XU Yang , Zhang Kun , Li Shuhao , Zhou Yuqi , Ran Shengxiang , Xu Ru , Lin Yizhang , Shen Li , Huang Weiqun , Zhong Fenglin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A hydroponic experiment was used to study the effects of different nitrogen supply levels [1) control: 0.3835 mmol/L (labelled 1/20N for CK); 2) 1/5N (1.534 mmol/L); 3) 1N (7.67 mmol/L); 4) 2N (15.34 mmol/L); 5) 3N (23.01 mmol/L)] on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaf carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. The results showed that after 9 d of treatment, the starch and sucrose contents in the leaves of the plants showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with increasing nitrogen concentration, with the peak occurring in the medium nitrogen (1N) treatment; however, increased nitrogen application reduced glucose and fructose accumulation. The enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism (GDH) tended to increase and then decrease with increasing nitrogen concentration, with the highest values occurring in the medium nitrogen (1N) treatment group, while the enzyme activity of NADH-GOGAT showed the opposite trend, with the lowest values occurring in the 2N treatment group. A total of 6383 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the leaf transcriptome analysis, which are involved in the glycolysis tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism pathways, and related transcriptional regulatory pathways were constructed. Thus, this study reveals the mechanisms of tomato leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism in response to nitrogen supply levels at the physiological, biochemical and transcriptional regulatory levels, providing valuable insights for further understanding nitrogen metabolism mechanisms and guiding nitrogen utilization in tomato.
Three new lineages in Mycosphaerellaceae: Neoacervuloseptoria gen. nov., Neocercosporella gen. nov., and Neoramulariopsis gen. nov. based on the new species Neocercosporella peristrophes
Authors: Yadav Sanjay , Singh Raghvendra , Verma Sanjeet Kumar , Singh Gargee , Kushwaha Prakash 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A colourless hyphomycetous fungus was found on living leaves of Peristrophe bicalyculata in India. A multigene phylogenetic analysis (LSU-RPB2-ITS) of this strain was performed represents no other known lineage with similar morphology in Mycosphaerellaceae, hence the new genus Neocercosporella is proposed with N. peristrophes comb. nov., based on Cercosporella peristrophes (≡ Pseudocercosporella andrographidis), as type species. Phylogenetic examinations and ultrastructure of conidiogenous loci and hila of conidia of both the type materials from N. peristrophes and P. andrographidis confirm identical strains. The conidiogenous loci are conical, having very small rim-like depression on the top encircling a small flat protuberant like structure that make this novel strain differs from other closely related members of the ramularioid complex. Superficially, the colourless nature with thickened and darkened loci and hila make it closer to Cercosporella, but differs in having terminal and intercalary conidiogenous cells and weak catenation in conidia. Phylogenetically, Neocercosporella is distant from the Cercosporella s. str. clade (type species C. virgaureae). The addition of this novel strain, segregated closely related species in Mycosphaerellaceae therefore, three new genera and four new combinations are introduced in this study. New genera are: Neoacervuloseptoria gen. nov. Neocercosporella gen. nov. and Neoramulariopsis gen. nov. New combinations are: Neoacervuloseptoria fraxini comb. nov., Neocercosporella peristrophes comb. nov., Neoramulariopsis catenulata comb. nov. and Neoramulariopsis dolichandrae comb. nov.
EnGraft: a multicentre, open-label, randomised, two-arm, superiority study protocol to assess bioavailability and practicability of Envarsus® versus AdvagrafTM in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Wöhl Daniel S. , James Ben , Götz Markus , Brennfleck Frank , Holub-Hayles Ines , Mutzbauer Ingrid , Baccar Sirine , Brunner Stefan M. , Geissler Edward K. , Schlitt Hans J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Graft rejection and chronic CNI toxicity remain obstacles to organ transplant success. Current formulations of tacrolimus, such as Prograf® and AdvagrafTM, exhibit limitations in terms of pharmacokinetics and tolerability, related in part to suboptimal bioavailability. As dosing non-compliance can result in graft rejection, the once daily formulation of tacrolimus, AdvagrafTM, was developed (vs 2x/day Prograf®). Benefits of AdvagrafTM are counterbalanced by delayed achievement of therapeutic trough levels and need for up to 50% higher doses to maintain Prograf®-equivalent troughs. Envarsus® is also a prolonged-release once-daily tacrolimus formulation, developed using MeltDose™ drug-delivery technology to increase drug bioavailability; improved bioavailability results in low patient drug absorption variability and less pronounced peak-to-trough fluctuations. In phase III de novo kidney transplant studies, Envarsus® proved non-inferior to twice-daily tacrolimus; however, no phase IV studies show superiority of Envarsus® vs AdvagrafTM in de novo liver transplant (LTx) recipients.Methods: The EnGraft compares bioavailability and tests superiority of Envarsus® (test arm) versus AdvagrafTM (comparator arm) in de novo LTx recipients. A total of 268 patients from 15 German transplant centres will be randomised 1:1 within 14 days post-LTx. The primary endpoint is dose-normalised trough level (C/D ratio) measured 12 weeks after randomisation. Secondary endpoints include the number of dose adjustments, time to reach first defined trough level and incidence of graft rejections. Additionally, clinical and laboratory parameters will be assessed over a 3-year period.Discussion: C/D ratio is an estimate for tacrolimus bioavailability. Improving bioavailability and increasing C/D ratio using Envarsus could reduce renal dysfunction and other tacrolimus-related toxicities; previous trials have shown that a higher C/D ratio (i.e. slower tacrolimus metabolism) is not only associated with improved renal function, but also linked to reduced neurotoxic side-effects. A higher C/D ratio could improve clinical outcomes for LTx recipients; EnGraft has begun, with one third of patients recruited by January 2022.Trial registration: This trial has been registered (4th May 2020) in the EU Clinical Trials Register, EudraCT-Nummer: 2020-000796-20. Additionally, this trial has been registered (22nd January 2021) at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04720326. The trial received a favourable opinion from the concerned lead ethics committee at the University of Regensburg, under the reference 20-1842-112.
Contet nutritional, bioactive and sensory of organic tomatoes creole (Solanum lycopersicum L. and S. lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme)
Authors: Heberle Thauana , Peixoto Eduarda Caetano , Ávila Bianca Pio , Antunes Irajá Ferreira , Gularte Marcia Arocha , Silva Patrícia Martins da 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Seven accessions of tomato organic "Creole", classified as cherry tomatoes (C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5) and salad tomatoes (S1 and S2), were evaluated for the color, pH, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, antioxidants, carotenoids and phenols. Different times and specifications were used for the verification of shelf life: time zero, which corresponds to the same harvest day; eight days stored at 25 ºC and eight and twelve days stored at a temperature of 4 ºC. For a sensory analysis the attributes color, superficial defects, firmness, pulp thickness, characteristic aroma, sweetness, acidity, ideal size and overall appearance were evaluated. Tomatoes C3 and C5 tomatoes stood out for being sweeter, in addition to having a higher content of ascorbic acid and carotenoids, in the case of C5. C1 tomato showed higher antioxidant activity. In general, the surface color is reddish-yellow and greenish-yellow. Refrigeration increased the shelf life, but it was noted that temperatures below 7 ºC are not suitable for fruit storage.
Autonomic function and inflammation in pregnant women participating in a randomized controlled study of Mindfulness Based Childbirth and Parenting
Authors: Rådmark Lina , Osika Walter , Wallén Martin Benka , Nissen Eva , Lönnberg Gunilla , Bränström Richard , henje Eva , Gardner Renee , Fransson Emma , Karlsson Håkan , Niemi Maria 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Pregnancy and childbirth are significant events in many women’s lives, and the prevalence of depressive symptoms increases during this vulnerable period. Apart from well documented cognitive, affective, and somatic symptoms, depression is associated with physiological changes, such as reduced heart-rate variability (HRV) and activation of the inflammatory response system. Mindfulness Based Interventions may potentially have an effect on both HRV, inflammatory biomarkers, and self-assessed mental health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of a Mindfulness Childbirth and Parenting (MBCP) intervention on HRV, serum inflammatory marker levels, through an RCT study design with an active control group. Methods: This study is a sub-study of a larger RCT, where perceived stress was the primary outcome. Participants were recruited through eight maternity health clinics in Stockholm, Sweden. The inclusion criteria were being a woman with a history of depression and/or anxiety and/or early life adversity and/or current high levels of perceived stress. Blood samples and HRV measures for the present study were collected from the first 60 participants that were included in the larger study (26 in the intervention and 34 in the control group). Results: Participants who received MBCP reported a significantly larger reduction in perceived stress and a significantly larger increase in mindfulness, compared to participants who received the active control treatment. However, the intervention had no significant effect on either inflammatory serum markers or measures of HRV.Conclusions: No significant differences were found regarding changes in HRV measures and biomarkers of inflammation, larger studies may be needed in the future. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02441595. Registered 12 May 2015 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02441595
MOTEMO-OUTDOOR: Ensuring learning and health safety during the COVID-19 pandemic through outdoor and online environments in higher education
Authors: Mateo-Canedo Corel , Crespo Neus , Cladellas Ramon , Méndez-Ulrich Jorge Luis , Sanz Antoni 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The restriction measures posed notable challenges for formal teaching-learning processes in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic since they had to be adapted to guarantee health security. An active learning programme applied to three environments (indoor, outdoor, and online) was tested on 273 undergraduate university students in an a within-subjects experimental study. Each student was assigned to two indoor and two outdoor seminars, and a subsample (n = 30) also participated in online seminars due to the university's lockdown protocols. The learning experience and learning conditions were evaluated through six dimensions: learning, evaluative impact, hedonic experience, technical conditions, environmental conditions, and health safety. The results suggested that outdoor was more effective than indoor in the learning experience, with greater differences in hedonic experience, but indoor scored better than outdoor in the learning conditions, with a greater difference the environmental conditions. No differences were found between online and face-to-face environments in the learning experience, despite online had better scores in the learning conditions. It is concluded that this adaptation through active methodologies to both outdoor and online contexts allows overcoming technical, environmental, and teaching limitations and improves health safety, guaranteeing the learning experience, and thus providing with flexibility the teaching-learning processes.
Ecological importance of rare phytoplankton species revealed by their high contribution to unsaturated fatty acids in tropical waters
Authors: Tang Quehui , You Jiangtao , Qian Song S. , Jeppesen Erik , Han Boping 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
There is increasing evidence that rare species play an important role in trophic interactions, but how rare species with low biomass disproportionately function in these processes remains unclear. Phytoplankton is placed at the base of lentic and marine food webs and is characterised by a few dominant species and many rare species. While the dominant species contribute most to the primary production, they are often low-quality food for primary consumers. The rare species may instead provide the essential biochemical nutrients for consumers, especially in eutrophic waters. We hypothesised that the biomasses of rare phytoplankton species significantly determine the concentrations of particulate PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids), directly linking them to the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. We applied redundancy analysis and Lasso regression models to identify the species whose population dynamics explain the variations of particulate fatty acids concentrations in tropical reservoirs and lakes. The model predicted that the dominant phytoplankton species determined the concentration of saturated particulate fatty acids and that rare phytoplankton species were the main determinant for PUFAs. In particular, the biomass of the rare species Scenedesmus obliquus was a key variable explaining the variations of ALA (α-linolenic acid), LIN (α-linoleic acid), GLA (γ-linolenic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) concentrations in the studied waterbodies. We conclude that the population dynamics of rare phytoplankton species can define the food quality associated with PUFAs for consumers and thus play a critical role in the trophic transfer in the food webs of tropical waterbodies.
Prognostic and immunological value of Chromobox family genes in Pan-Cancer
Authors: XU Hongmiao , HE Yingchun , ZOU Fang , ZOU Pan , ZHOU Fangliang , WANG Xianwen , SHI Hongjian , HE Lan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to analyze the expression and prognostic significance of chromobox (CBX) family genes in pan cancer and to associate their roles with immune subtypes, tumor microenvironment and drug sensitivity. Methods: TCGA +GTEX method was used to analyze five members of the CBX2/4/6/7/8, Using 11,093 samples from 33 tumor types in TCGA database，to multidimensional analysis of five members of the CBX family, CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7, CBX8.including the differential expression of the CBX family in pan cancer, as well as the correlation between immune subtypes, tumor purity and stemness.Finally, the correlation data of CellMiner database was used to analyze the relationship between CBXs and drug sensitivity. Then, GO plot was performed, and GSEA analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis were generated. CellMiner database was used to analyze the correlation and mechanism of CBX family genes with drug sensitivity. Results: CBX 2/4/8 were highly expressed in pan-cancers. The expression level of CBX6 was heterogeneous among different tumor types, while that of CBX7 was low. The results show that CBX2, CBX4, and CBX8 are highly expressed in pan-cancer,and CBX6 is heterogeneous among different tumor types, while CBX7 is lowly expressed in almost tumor types.The expression of CBXs was correlated with the overall survival of patients, but the correlation direction depended on the cancer type. CBXs were significantly correlated with immune infiltration subtypes (P< 0.001). The expression of CBX2/CBX7s had differences in stromal cell score and RNAss stemness score. High expression of CBX82 was correlated with the high purity of most types of cancers, while CBX7 was contrary to this pattern. Rich analysis indicated that CBXs may affect the occurrence and progression of tumors by regulating RNA splicing and transcription coactivator activity. The core genes of hsa-mir-181a and EGR1 were identified in the established mRNA-TF-miRNA WGCNA network. Finally, our study revealed that CBX2 gene may be associated with sensitivity to Acrichine, Curcumin, Nelarabine, Ixabepilone, Ifosfamide, tfdu and Tamoxifen.The high expression of CBX7 was positively correlated with the drug resistance of cells to Aminoflavone, AFP464 and Lificguat.Conclusion: The CBX family showed different expression in different tumor types. CBX2 acted as an oncogene and might be overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, and CBX7 acted as a tumor suppressor gene and might become a promising therapeutic target. This study revealed multiple expression patterns of CBXs in pan cancer, providing new insights for cancer treatment, but further laboratory validation is needed.
Effect of AI-assisted software on inter- and intra-observer variability for preschool children X-ray bone age assessment
Authors: Zhao Kai , Ma Shuai , Sun Zhaonan , Liu Xiang , Zhu Ying , Xu Yufeng , Wang Xiaoying 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
With the rapid development of deep learning algorithms and the rapid improvement of computer hardware in the past few years, AI-assisted diagnosis software for bone age has achieved good diagnostic performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of AI-assisted software on residents’ inter-observer agreement and intra-observer reproducibility for preschool children X-ray bone age assessment.
Methods
This prospective study was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee. Six board-certified residents interpreted 56 bone age radiographs ranging from 3 to 6 years with structured reporting by modified TW3 method. The images were interpreted on two separate occasions, once with and once without the assistant of AI. After a washout period of 4 weeks, the radiographs were reevaluated by each resident in the same way. The average bone age results of three experts were the reference bone age. Both TW3-RUS and TW3-Carpal were evaluated. The root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute difference (MAD) and bone age accuracy within 0.5 years & 1 year were used as metrics of accuracy. Inter-observer agreement and intra-observer reproducibility were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCs).
Results
With the assistance of bone age AI software, the accuracy of residents’ results improved significantly. For Inter-observer agreement comparison, The ICC results with AI assistance among 6 residents were higher than results without AI assistance on the two separate occasions. For intra-observer reproducibility comparison, the ICC results with AI assistance were higher than results without AI assistance between the 1st reading and 2nd reading for each resident.
Conclusions
For preschool children X-ray bone age assessment, besides improving diagnostic accuracy, bone age AI-assisted software can also increase inter-observer agreement and intra-observer reproducibility. AI-assisted software can be an effective diagnostic tool for residents in actual clinical settings.
Developing an implementation fidelity checklist for a vocational rehabilitation intervention
Authors: Powers Katie , Clarke Sara , Phillips Julie , Holmes Jain A , Cripps Rachel , Craven Kristelle , Farrin Amanda , Nair Roshan das , Radford Kathryn A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite growing numbers of studies reporting the efficacy of complex interventions and their implementation, many studies fail to report information on implementation fidelity or describe how fidelity measures used within the study were developed. This study aimed to develop a fidelity checklist for measuring implementation fidelity of an early, stroke-specialist vocational rehabilitation intervention (ESSVR) in the RETAKE trial.Methods: To develop the fidelity measure, previous checklists were reviewed to inform assessment structure, core intervention components were extracted from intervention descriptions into a checklist, which was ratified by eight experts in fidelity measurement and complex interventions. Guidance notes were generated to assist checklist completion. To test the measure, two researchers independently applied the checklist to fifteen stroke survivor intervention case notes using retrospective observational case review. The scoring was assessed for interrater reliability.Results: A fidelity checklist containing 21 core components and 6 desirable components across 4 stages of intervention delivery was developed with corresponding guidance notes. Interrater reliability of each checklist item ranged from moderate to perfect (Cohen’s kappa 0.69-1).Conclusions: The resulting checklist to assess implementation fidelity is fit for assessing delivery of vocational rehabilitation for stroke survivors using retrospective observational case review. The checklist proved its utility as a measure of fidelity and may be used to inform the design of future implementation strategies.Trial Registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN12464275. Registered on 13th March 2018.
The predictive value of urinary Progesterone metabolite PdG testing in pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Koudele Alexandra , Levy Gary , Eyvazzadeh Aimee , Park John , Klein Joshua , BECKLEY AMY 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Progesterone is essential for establishing and maintaining a pregnancy. However, premature atresia of the corpus luteum (CL) or sub-optimal progesterone secretion after ovulation may result in the decreased ability to establish or maintain a pregnancy. The current limitations of serum hormone testing fail to give a complete picture of progesterone production across the luteal phase required for pregnancy.Methods: Pregnanediol-3a-glucuronide (PdG) is a progesterone metabolite that can be detected via non-invasive, self-administered urinary test strips and can be used to monitor progesterone production. PdG test strips were used by 185 women and taken multiple times during the luteal phase. Results were analysed by Fisher’s exact test.Results: Of the 185 enrolled women, 172 had complete cycles. Of the 172 women who demonstrated complete cycles, 54 (31.4%) women reported pregnancies. Thirty-five (64.8%) of these pregnancies resulted from a PdG positive cycle with a miscarriage rate of 14.3% (5/35). Nineteen pregnancies (35.2%) resulted from PdG negative cycles with a miscarriage rate of 89.5% (17/19). The association of a negative or positive cycle with pregnancy outcome was significant (two-sided p=0.0001). Positive PdG cycles are associated with increased pregnancy rates and lower odds of a first-trimester pregnancy loss.Conclusions: A consideration for luteal phase support with progesterone or ovulation induction in women with negative PdG cycles can be of benefit to increase pregnancy rates. Furthermore, the use of LH and PdG testing prior to conception can be used as a screening tool to potentially identify women who are at risk of subfertility and at a higher risk of first-trimester pregnancy loss related to low progesterone.Trial registration: NCT05033366. Registered 02 September 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05033366