bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein‐enabled detection of ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazole using solid‐state nanopores
Authors: Xia Zehui , Lin Chih‐Yuan , Drndić Marija 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnabled by proteins, we present an all‐electrical method for rapid detection of small pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazole [SMZ]) in aqueous media using silicon nitride pores. Specifically, we use carrier proteins, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and take advantage of their interactions with two small drug molecules to form BSA–drug complexes which can be detected by nm‐diameter pores, thereby confirming the presence of small pharmaceuticals. We demonstrate detection of ibuprofen and SMZ at concentrations down to 100 nM (∼21 μg/L) and 48.5 nM (12 μg/L), respectively. We observe changes in electrical signal characteristics (reflected in event durations, rates, current magnitudes, and estimated particle diameters) of BSA–drug complexes compared to BSA‐only, and differences between these two small pharmaceuticals, possibly paving a path toward developing selective sensors by identifying “electrical fingerprints” of these molecules in the future. These distinct electrical signals are likely a combined result of diffusion, electrophoretic and electroosmotic effects, interactions between the pore and particles, which depend on pore diameters, pH, and the resulting surface charges. The use of single‐molecule‐counting nanopores allows sensing of small pharmaceuticals, studies of protein conformational changes, and may aid in efforts to evaluate the impact of small drug molecules on aquatic and human life.
Self-Employment or Selfless Employment? Exploration of Factors that Motivate, Facilitate, and Constrain Latina Entrepreneurship from a Family Embeddedness Perspective
Authors: Newman Soren , Saul Darin , Dearien Christy , Hernandez Nancy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAs the economic and social importance of Latina-owned businesses continues to grow, research is needed on the factors that motivate entrepreneurship among Latinas and that facilitate and constrain their success. This study draws on in-depth interviews and survey data to explore the experiences of Latina entrepreneurs in Idaho, USA, from an embeddedness perspective combining family embeddedness and intersectionality frameworks to illustrate how family and social positioning affects motivations, opportunities, and access to resources. We found Latinas were motivated to start businesses by a range of interacting factors, including centrally a strong sense of responsibility to their nuclear and families of origin. Prominent family motivations included the desire to provide opportunities for younger and older generations and the need for flexibility to manage family and work obligations. Compared to their middle-class peers, working-class Latina entrepreneurs were more likely to need flexibility because they could not afford third-party care for a family member, to experience greater barriers to accessing traditional financing and professional advice, and to be more dependent on family support for their success, although not all had family-based resources upon which they could rely. Latinas struggled to fulfill traditional family role expectations and obligations while assuming the expanded responsibilities of running a business. While a central tension in their lives, this struggle provides the impetus to renegotiate and update traditional gender and family expectations as they navigate role conflict and strain.
Deforestation scenarios show the importance of secondary forest for meeting Panama’s carbon goals
Authors: Hall Jefferson S. , Plisinski Joshua S. , Mladinich Stephanie K. , van Breugel Michiel , Lai Hao Ran , Asner Gregory P. , Walker Kendra , Thompson Jonathan R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractContextTropical forest loss has a major impact on climate change. Secondary forest growth has potential to mitigate these impacts, but uncertainty regarding future land use, remote sensing limitations, and carbon model accuracy have inhibited understanding the range of potential future carbon dynamics.ObjectivesWe evaluated the effects of four scenarios on carbon stocks and sequestration in a mixed-use landscape based on Recent Trends (RT), Accelerated Deforestation (AD), Grow Only (GO), and Grow Everything (GE) scenarios.MethodsWorking in central Panama, we coupled a 1-ha resolution LiDAR derived carbon map with a locally derived secondary forest carbon accumulation model. We used Dinamica EGO 4.0.5 to spatially simulate forest loss across the landscape based on recent deforestation rates. We used local studies of belowground, woody debris, and liana carbon to estimate ecosystem scale carbon fluxes.ResultsAccounting for 58.6 percent of the forest in 2020, secondary forests (< 50 years) accrue 88.9 percent of carbon in the GO scenario by 2050. RT and AD scenarios lost 36,707 and 177,035 ha of forest respectively by 2030, a carbon gain of 7.7 million Mg C (RT) and loss of 2.9 million Mg C (AD). Growing forest on all available land (GE) could achieve 56 percent of Panama’s land-based carbon sequestration goal by 2050.ConclusionsOur estimates of potential carbon storage demonstrate the important contribution of secondary forests to land-based carbon sequestration in central Panama. Protecting these forests will contribute significantly to meeting Panama’s climate change mitigation goals and enhance water security.
Examining the cohesiveness and nestedness entrepreneurial ecosystems: evidence from British FinTechs
Authors: Spigel Ben 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It is not clear if entrepreneurial ecosystems are cohesive wholes within a region that support high-growth entrepreneurship across a variety of sectors or if ecosystems are made up of several, nested sectoral-specific sub-ecosystems. This debate speaks to larger disagreements about what entrepreneurial ecosystems are and how they work. This paper addresses this research gap by using a novel methodology based on career history data of founders and top management teams of high-growth FinTech ventures. This method is used to classify the backgrounds of 1,570 individuals in 380 British FinTech firms based on their prior job histories and employers into categories such as technology or finance. The paper finds substantial evidence of nestedness in the ecosystems, but rather than FinTech ecosystems being specialized finance or technology clusters, more generic forms of managerial know-how remain crucial to firm innovation and growth. This suggests that even very advanced ecosystems remain nested, with few cross-over points between different communities.
A novel amended nitrification inhibitor confers an enhanced suppression role in the nitrification of ammonium in soil
Authors: Guo Changqing , Wang Hongmei , Zou Dianbo , Wang Yue , Han Xiaori 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Nitrification inhibitor plays an important regulatory role in inhibiting the nitrification of ammonium in soils. However, most of nitrification inhibitors lack the sustainable effects in suppressing the nitrification of ammonium. In this study, a novel DMS nitrification inhibitor was prepared and tested to explore its lasting effect of nitrification suppression in black soil.

Materials and methods
Both culture experiments and field trial were performed in black soils. Three kinds of nitrification inhibitors (NIs), dicyandiamide (DCD) with low bioactivity, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) with high bioactivity, and a novel 3,4-dimethylpyrazole sulfate zinc (DMS) with long half-life, were applied into soils, respectively, and the abundance changes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were investigated; then, the accumulation changes of inorganic nitrogen, nitrogen use efficiency, and crop yields were furtherly evaluated.

Results and discussions
A novel DMS nitrification inhibitor with high activity and long half-life maintained a persistent effect of nitrification suppression, and remarkably increased the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen in soil, thus improving nitrogen use efficiency and crop yields. This study implies that lowering the nitrogen loss of nitrification-triggered in soil is of great importance for improving nitrogen use efficiency.

Conclusions
This study provided an insight into the sustainable nitrification suppression of a novel DMS nitrification inhibitor under excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in black soils. Compared with improving the activity, reasonably prolonging the validity of nitrification inhibitors in soil is a more important strategy increasing the sustainable effects of nitrification inhibition, and the survival period of nitrification inhibitors in soil should be a crucial factor improving nitrogen use efficiency.
Transdisciplinary partnerships for sustainability: an evaluation guide
Authors: Plummer Ryan , Blythe Jessica , Gurney Georgina G. , Witkowski Samantha , Armitage Derek 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTransdisciplinary research, in which academics and actors from outside the academy co-produce knowledge, is an important approach to address urgent sustainability challenges. Indeed, to meet these real-world challenges, governments, universities, development agencies, and civil society organizations have made substantial investments in transdisciplinary partnerships. Yet to date, our understanding of the performance, as well as impacts, of these partnerships for sustainability is limited. Here, we provide a guide to assess the performance and impacts of transdisciplinary partnerships for sustainability. We offer key steps to navigate and examine the partnership process for continuous improvement, and to understand how transdisciplinary partnership is contributing to sustainable futures.
Investigation on the effect of CuO nanoparticles on the IFT and wettability alteration at the presence of [C12mim][Cl] during enhanced oil recovery processes
Authors: Abbood Nabeel Kadhim , obeidavi Abdolrahman , Hosseini Seyednooroldin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn the current study, the effect of CuO nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) at the presence of dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C12mim][Cl]) is investigated on the interfacial tension (IFT) reduction, wettability alteration, and even tertiary oil recovery. Since the prepared solutions with CuO-NPs are completely dark and it is impossible to measure the IFT of these solutions in the presence of crude oil using the pendant drop method (since one of the phases must be transparent for IFT measurement using the pendant drop method), n-heptane (representative of saturates) and toluene (representative of aromatics) are used only for IFT measurement of solutions prepared by CuO-NPs, while rest of the experiments are performed using crude oil. The obtained results reveal that CuO-NPs are not stable in the aqueous solution in the absence of surfactant which means fast precipitation of CuO-NPs and a high risk of pore plugging. In this way, the stability of CuO-NPs is investigated at the presence of dodecyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([C12mim][Cl]) as an effective surfactant for stabilizing the CuO-NPs in the aqueous solution (more than 1 month without precipitation using 1000 ppm of IL). Further measurements reveal that although the presence of IL in the aqueous solution can reduce the IFT of oil/aqueous solution system, especially for the aqueous solutions prepared by formation brine (0.65 mN.m−1), the presence of CuO-NPs has no considerable effect on the IFT. On the other hand, not only the contact angle (CA) measurements reveal the considerable effect of IL on the wettability alteration toward water-wet condition (68.3° for IL concentration of 1000 ppm) but also the addition of CuO-NPs can significantly boost the wettability alteration toward strongly water-wet condition (23.4° for the concentration of 1000 ppm of CuO-NPs). Finally, several core flooding experiments are performed using different combinations of chemicals to find the effect of these chemicals on the tertiary oil recovery factor. The results reveal that the presence of CuO-NPs can enhance the oil recovery of injected chemical slug (aqueous solution prepared by dissolution of IL with an oil recovery factor of 10.1% based on Original oil in place (OOIP)) to 13.8, %, 16.9%, and 21.2% based on OOIP if 500, 1000, 2000 ppm of CuO-NPs existed in the solution concomitant with 1000 ppm of [C12mim][Cl].
REFERENDUM: TRA LIBERALISMO E DEMOCRAZIA. ASSERZIONI DI VALORE E OSSERVAZIONI EMPIRICHE
Authors: Uleri Pier Vincenzo 
Published: January 2022

Introduzione«Avremo dunque il referendum? La democrazia moderna non può essere che democrazia rappresentativa. La sostanza viva della democrazia moderna […] non consiste nella diretta partecipazione di tutti i cittadini alla formazione delle decisioni politiche… La democrazia liberale non è solo la legge brutale della maggioranza, non è una risultante solo aritmetica […] La democrazia liberale contemporanea è dunque necessariamente democrazia rappresentativa. […] la storia delle dittature è ricca di plebisciti e di referendum, mentre le democrazie liberali hanno dovuto ripudiare il referendum, o ridurlo entro confini cautissimi. (la) nostra costituzione, ha accolto […] il referendum senza troppa cautela; e bisognerebbe essere ciechi per non vedere i tremendi pericoli insiti nel referendum abrogativo delle leggi. Ma comunque, lo ha accolto in subordine al sistema rappresentativo: a quel sistema rappresentativo che l'involuzione partitocratica ha privato di ogni concretezza. […] (il referendum) nelle presenti condizioni, lungi dal poter essere uno strumento di espressione popolare, sarà forse solo un'arma di più offerta alle potenti oligarchie partitiche» (Giuseppe Maranini, Corriere della Sera, 13 gennaio 1959) (Maranini 1963, 111–3).
LE VECCHIE NOVITÀ DELLA GLOBALIZZAZIONE
Authors: Cesa Marcq 
Published: January 2022

IntroduzioneQuando la diffusione di un termine si fa tanto ampia da permetterne un uso indiscriminato, sia nel linguaggio comune che, e soprattutto, in quello scientifico, è lecito sospettare che essa rifletta una vera e propria moda intellettuale, o poco più. Questo è certamente il caso della «globalizzazione». Nell'ultimo decennio, economisti, storici, sociologi e politologi hanno fatto a gara, a più riprese, e con grande dovizia di argomenti, a offrire una lettura «globalizzata» dei fenomeni di loro rispettiva competenza, spesso sottolineando un insieme di elementi di drastica rottura con un passato relativamente recente e insistendo, di conseguenza, su tutta una serie di novità epocali che la globalizzazione comporterebbe. Secondo molti, infatti, la globalizzazione ha stravolto i tradizionali punti di riferimento e reso obsoleti gli strumenti analitici in nostro possesso; è necessario dunque elaborarne di nuovi, pena l'impossibilità di rendere conto delle più importanti dinamiche politiche, economiche e sociali odierne. A queste opinioni si contrappongono quelle di coloro che, pur riconoscendo l'importanza di molte tendenze «globalizzanti» in atto, ne limitano più o meno decisamente la portata, sia da una prospettiva storica (abbiamo già assistito a processi simili) che da una analitica (concetti e teorie di cui già disponiamo possono essere di grande utilità anche nell'esame dei fenomeni detti «globali»).
I PARLAMENTARI DI FORZA ITALIA: UN GRUPPO A SOSTEGNO DI UNA LEADERSHIP?
Authors: Lanza Orazio , Piazza Gianni 
Published: January 2022

IntroduzioneTra le molteplici ragioni che sollecitano uno studio del fenomeno Forza Italia, sono precipuamente due quelle da cui muove il nostro articolo. La prima è l'esigenza di fornire un contributo alla conoscenza di un fenomeno così nuovo ed originale da rendere complicato anche il semplice etichettamento. Come altrove, anche in campo politologico il termine più utilizzato per qualificare questo tipo di partito è stato quello di «azienda», che riassume il suo essere frutto di un originale e riuscito esperimento di trasferimento in campo politico di una struttura imprenditoriale e del suo leader. Ma non ne sono mancati altri altrettanto significativi. Nondimeno sembra ormai difficile parlare diflash partydopo otto anni di vita, dipartito aziendadopo l'allargamento del reticolo organizzativo, di semplicepartito carismaticodopo il parziale processo di istituzionalizzazione che negli anni è intervenuto (Poli 2001). Più utile ci sembra, riprendendo la terminologia proposta anni fa da Panebianco (1982), parlare di «partito elettoralista» (Gunther e Diamond 2002), ovvero di partito organizzativamente snello, le cui funzioni primarie sono la strutturazione del voto e la selezione dei candidati alle elezioni e, dunque, la conduzione della campagna elettorale attraverso tecniche moderne incentrate soprattutto sui mezzi di comunicazione di massa e sull'attrattiva personale dei candidati presentati, in particolare del suo leader.
The differential activity of biological processes in tissues and cell subsets can illuminate disease-related processes and cell-type identities
Authors: Sharon Moran , Vinogradov Ekaterina , Argov Chanan M , Lazarescu Or , Zoabi Yazeed , Hekselman Idan , Yeger-Lotem Esti 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMotivationThe distinct functionalities of human tissues and cell types underlie complex phenotype–genotype relationships, yet often remain elusive. Harnessing the multitude of bulk and single-cell human transcriptomes while focusing on processes can help reveal these distinct functionalities.ResultsThe Tissue-Process Activity (TiPA) method aims to identify processes that are preferentially active or under-expressed in specific contexts, by comparing the expression levels of process genes between contexts. We tested TiPA on 1579 tissue-specific processes and bulk tissue transcriptomes, finding that it performed better than another method. Next, we used TiPA to ask whether the activity of certain processes could underlie the tissue-specific manifestation of 1233 hereditary diseases. We found that 21% of the disease-causing genes indeed participated in such processes, thereby illuminating their genotype–phenotype relationships. Lastly, we applied TiPA to single-cell transcriptomes of 108 human cell types, revealing that process activities often match cell-type identities and can thus aid annotation efforts. Hence, differential activity of processes can highlight the distinct functionality of tissues and cells in a robust and meaningful manner.Availability and implementationTiPA code is available in GitHub (https://github.com/moranshar/TiPA). In addition, all data are available as part of the Supplementary Material.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effect of a multi-domain lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular risk in older people: the FINGER trial
Authors: Lehtisalo Jenni , Rusanen Minna , Solomon Alina , Antikainen Riitta , Laatikainen Tiina , Peltonen Markku , Strandberg Timo , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Soininen Hilkka , Kivipelto Miia , Ngandu Tiia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Aims
Joint prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia could reduce the burden of both conditions. The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) demonstrated a beneficial effect on cognition (primary outcome) and we assessed the effect of this lifestyle intervention on incident CVD (pre-specified secondary outcome).

Methods and results
FINGER enrolled 1259 individuals aged 60–77 years (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01041989). They were randomized (1:1) to a 2-year multi-domain intervention with diet, physical and cognitive activity, and vascular monitoring (n = 631), or general health advice (n = 628). National registries provided data on CVD including stroke, transient ischaemic attack (TIA), or coronary heart event. During an average of 7.4 years, 229 participants (18%) had at least one CVD diagnosis: 107 in the intervention group and 122 in the control group. The incidence of cerebrovascular events was lower in the intervention than the control group: hazard ratio (HR) for combined stroke/TIA was 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51–0.99] after adjusting for background characteristics. Hazard ratio for coronary events was 0.84 (CI: 0.56–1.26) and total CVD events 0.80 (95% CI: 0.61–1.04). Among those with history of CVD (n = 145), the incidence of both total CVD events (HR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.28–0.90) and stroke/TIA (HR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.20–0.81) was lower in the intervention than the control group.

Conclusion
A 2-year multi-domain lifestyle intervention among older adults was effective in preventing cerebrovascular events and also total CVD events among those who had history of CVD.
3-D synthetic modelling and observations of anisotropy effects on SS precursors: implications for mantle deformation in the transition zone
Authors: Huang Quancheng , Schmerr Nicholas C , Beghein Caroline , Waszek Lauren , Maguire Ross R 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARY
The Earth's mantle transition zone (MTZ) plays a key role in the thermal and compositional interactions between the upper and lower mantle. Seismic anisotropy provides useful information about mantle deformation and dynamics across the MTZ. However, seismic anisotropy in the MTZ is difficult to constrain from surface wave or shear wave splitting measurements. Here, we investigate the sensitivity to anisotropy of a body wave method, SS precursors, through 3-D synthetic modelling and apply it to real data. Our study shows that the SS precursors can distinguish the anisotropy originating from three depths: shallow upper mantle (80–220 km), deep upper mantle above 410 km, and MTZ (410–660 km). Synthetic resolution tests indicate that SS precursors can resolve $\ge $3 per cent azimuthal anisotropy where data have an average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR = 7) and sufficient azimuthal coverage. To investigate regional sensitivity, we apply the stacking and inversion methods to two densely sampled areas: the Japan subduction zone and a central Pacific region around the Hawaiian hotspot. We find evidence for significant VS anisotropy (15.3 ± 9.2 per cent) with a trench-perpendicular fast direction (93° ± 5°) in the MTZ near the Japan subduction zone. We attribute the azimuthal anisotropy to the grain-scale shape-preferred orientation of basaltic materials induced by the shear deformation within the subducting slab beneath NE China. In the central Pacific study region, there is a non-detection of MTZ anisotropy, although modelling suggests the data coverage should allow us to resolve at least 3 per cent anisotropy. Therefore, the Hawaiian mantle plume has not produced detectable azimuthal anisotropy in the MTZ.