bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of special knowledge in investigation of legalization (laundering) of income obtained by criminal route
Authors: Omelchuk L.V. , Kreminskiy O.V. 
Published: April 2022

The article conducts a scientific study of the Institute of Special Knowledge in the investigation of legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime in the use of virtual currencies; the essence of the category «special knowledge» is defined. The main theoretical and applied aspects of the use of special knowledge in the investigation of legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime in the use of virtual currencies are identified, the main directions of optimizing the use of special knowledge in the investigation of this type of criminal offense. Recommendations for the optimal use of special knowledge in the conduct of investigative actions, recording their progress and results in the investigation of legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime in the use of virtual currencies.
In the course of the study, the special knowledge used in the investigation of legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime in the use of virtual currencies is divided into: procedural and non-procedural (according to the form of application); special knowledge of the expert and special knowledge of the specialist (by subjects of application).
Differences between different forms of special knowledge are established. Thus, the difference between the expert's expertise and the specialist's expertise is that the specialist uses his knowledge to help the investigator set tasks correctly and solve them in the most effective way, and the expert's knowledge is aimed at achieving a positive result in an already appointed expert study. In this regard, the urgent need to involve specialists at the place of investigative (search) actions in the investigation of legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime, in the use of virtual currencies. The specialist helps to identify, record facts and seize objects, which in most cases are available for perception and clarification during the investigative (search) action. During the examination, the expert provides the seized items and the information obtained from them with probative value, while simplifying the procedure of legal evaluation of the materials collected in criminal proceedings.
Criminal knowledge and prerequisites for their occurrence
Authors: Osipenko I.P. , Yushchenko M.S. 
Published: April 2022

The scientific article is devoted to the study of forensic knowledge, examples of their historical application in practice and the preconditions for their emergence. Despite the fact that in our time the achievements of forensic science are widely used in practice, there is a need to get acquainted with forensic knowledge and the prerequisites for their emergence, as the history of development and formation of criminology is closely linked with the latter. Forensic knowledge existed long before forensic science received the status of an independent science. That is why they constitute the content of modern criminology and need further research within the possibilities provided by historical sources.
It has been established that in any period people committed crimes, violated established customs, traditions, rules of conduct, laws and norms. As a result, there has been and continues to be a societal need for conflict resolution, crime detection, identification and punishment. It is for this purpose that special (forensic) knowledge begins to be used and disseminated.
A comparison of different scientific definitions of forensic knowledge is made, as well as the development of human need for the accumulation and use of knowledge, the separation of special knowledge from certain areas for their further application.
It was determined that the emergence and development of forensic knowledge was associated with the need to identify the person who committed the crime and to find out the true circumstances of the crime. Thus, the disclosure of crimes began to involve knowledgeable people who had some knowledge to conduct research on certain processes, phenomena, events using special tools and methods.
In addition, this article discusses some of the provisions of some ancient codes of law, which contain guidelines for the collection, investigation, evaluation of evidence, stages of criminal investigation, and so on. Occasionally, there are examples of historical cases that confirm the conduct and development of medical, chemical, psychiatric examinations, research into the authenticity of coins and documents. The existence of separate institutions is established, which were gradually endowed with expert powers, and later the creation of the first expert institution.
The results of the article emphasize the precedence of forensic knowledge in forensic science, methods and practical areas of use of relevant knowledge, the prerequisites for their emergence.
Concepts and principles of extradition in criminal procedure law
Authors: Ilchenko O.V. , Senchenko S.M. 
Published: April 2022

The article examines the concepts and fundamental principles of extradition in criminal procedure law, reveals their essence and problems. Extradition is the extradition of a person to the State whose competent authorities are seeking him or her for prosecution or execution. But the European Convention on the Extradition of Offenders lacks the notion of "extradition" but instead uses the term "extradition", which some scholars see as synonymous, while others see in the term "extradition" a broader meaning. In general, it is necessary to mention the principles of extradition, which in the article there are seven, which is a complete list and their content is fully disclosed.
The article also evaluations the contradictions between the approaches of scientists to determine the essence of the concept of extradition, but they all have common features. In the scientific literature, extradition can be considered in a broad and narrow sense. In general, the definition of extradition by scientists is more meaningful than the definition used in the regulations of our state.
It should be noted that the procedural status of a person subject to extradition at the level of national legislation remains open and controversial, it is not perfectly defined and entails conflicts and inconsistencies in legal acts. Extradition relations are governed by various branches of law. which is described in detail in the article. It should also be added that the national legislation governing extradition relations needs to be supplemented and the existing contradictions eliminated in order to best implement the extradition process and high-quality international cooperation, as this is an integral part of the extradition institution.
It is noted that extradition is an important element in the fight against transnational crime and aims to reduce its level and in general contributes to improving international relations and quality cooperation between the signatory states of the European Convention on the Extradition of Offenders. Extradition relations are constantly evolving and improving, which best affects the quality of this process and eliminates negative phenomenal in its implementation.
Hearsay evidence as admissible evidence in criminal proceedings
Authors: Ilchenko O.V. , Zinchenko H.S. 
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of problematic issues of recognizing hearsay evidence as admissible evidence in criminal proceedings. Hearsay evidence is a statement made orally, in writing or in another form about a certain fact, which is based on the explanation of another person. The scientific literature points out the imperfection of such a definition due to weak regulatory requirements for such procedural evidence and uncertainty about the possibility of giving the court certain documents by a person who is not the author, or the content of the document she read. In addition, a number of scholars point to the importance of such an institution of evidence in criminal proceedings, as sometimes such testimony from others may be the best evidence available.
Certain contradictions in the conditions of admissibility of using hearsay evidence as a procedural source of evidence, which are enshrined in criminal procedural law, are analyzed. On the example of judicial practice, the peculiarities of the application by national courts of the law on the recognition of hearsay evidence as proof confirming the guilt of a person in committing a criminal offense were considered. Attention is drawn to the need to improve the legislative regulation of hearsay evidence in order to adhere to the principle of direct examination of evidence and presumption of innocence and ensure proof of guilt, which will really help the court to make the right decision and perform criminal proceedings.
It is noted that the use of such testimony as evidence in criminal proceedings is an exception to the general rule and is a rather controversial institution, as in the science of criminal procedure and jurisprudence there is no consensus on the appropriateness of consolidation or its existence in general. It is concluded that it is appropriate to make changes in the definition of "hearsay evidence", the conditions of admissibility of such testimony and the impossibility of interrogation of the person who is the original source.
The role of a judge in the formation of the Ukrainian legal system
Authors: Serdiuk N. , Vangorodska G. 
Published: April 2022

Law, as a measure of freedom and justice, is created by the collision of diverse social elements, when the new collective whole can no longer be restrained by simple custom, morality. The divergence of moral convictions makes possible the existence of social cohesion and is reconciled by law, first in the form of the orders of elders, experienced, who act as arbitrators. And later this right becomes a custom and morality, but at the same time it becomes the content of a new morality.
The new law determines only the direction in which the necessary life forms of a new social union should be formed and in which they should eventually take root in the general consciousness. Judicial acts of public authority were the primary source, and later they were included in the generally binding rules applicable to production, distribution and exchange.
Due to the lack of strict law, a judge in Ukraine had a respectable status in ancient times, and trust in him in the early stages of the historical development of procedural law was an integral condition without which trial was impossible. There were no legal norms, and the judiciary had to establish them for each case under consideration, and the judicial process consisted of the creation of a norm and its application. The judge had to decide not only on the case, but also to find a rule of law, not only to judge a particular case, but also to declare in a casuistic form a universally binding provision that would be important for both litigants and the community as a whole.
The main driving force behind the so-called case consuetude there is a kind of assessment of the parties to the dispute and their position in the family, so the decision was made taking into account the person and his economy.
According to the villagers, the advantage of their local court over the state was that the latter, strictly guided by the law, was unable to make a decision that would not contradict the principles of rural life and common sense.
The judge judges good people, whose presence complements the gaps in the process, which undoubtedly arise as a result of general illiteracy, most often of all persons involved in the process, not excluding the judge. Therefore, the record is not written, but orally and is engraved in people's memory.
The inseparability of the judiciary until almost the middle of the 16th century led to the fact that the authority of the court decision was given the status of the person in society who made the decision, rather than its compliance with legal norms.
Judicial protection of citizens' rights in the context of the decision-making procedure of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Mishchuk I.V. , Kirichuk B.S. 
Published: April 2022

In this article, were analyzed the process of litigation in the European Court of Human Rights. We have found that the problem of informing the public about the role of the court is insufficiently studied and researched. This issue is mainly caused by the fact that the population of Ukraine does not know the real process of litigation in the European Court of Human Rights. We have determined that having the ability to protect your rights in court and being able to do it in an effective way are absolutely different actions.
Were established that the high authority of the European Court of Human Rights has been gained by continued compliance with the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The European Court of Human Rights bases his activity onto according to the principle of the rule of law.
Also we have described in detail the mechanism of functioning of all structural elements of the European Court of Human Rights, from single judje to the Grand Chamber. The single judge can only reach a verdict that your petition is unacceptable. Committees have the competence to analyze petitions if there is a traditional and well-used case law on this category of complaints. This approach to decision-making is operated in cases «Yavoronenko and others v. Ukraine» and «Brenko and others v. Ukraine». The next element of the European Court of Human Rights is the chambers. Unlike committees, chambers deal with complaints with more serious circumstances. This approach to decision-making is operated in cases «Berlizev v. Ukraine» and «Goryaynova v. Ukraine». In most cases Grand Chamber reaches a verdict in exceptionally important cases such as disputes between countries. It is proved that such issues remain especially relevant for Ukraine, primarily due to the military conflict with the Russian Federation. In order to declare its legal position to the world community, Ukraine has to make a regular application to the European Court of Human Rights.
Remittances and Household Investment Decisions: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Hossain Md Shahadath , Sunmoni Adesola 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The impact of remittances on households left behind by migration is ambiguous a priori due to competing income and substitution effects. We offer new evidence on the effect of remittances on household investment decisions. We enrich our analysis using microdata from five sub-Saharan African countries, different investment alternatives, and different remittance sources. We use a recursive bivariate probit model and imperfect instrumental variable approaches to account for endogeneity concerns. We find that remittances increase the likelihood of human, physical, and social capital investment in most of our sample countries. We also find that remittance sources have a notable influence on household investment decisions. Finally, we explore three potential mechanisms: income effect, substitution effect, and migration expectations. We find that the income effect of remittances mainly drives the positive effect on capital investment. However, we also find evidence of substitution effect by left-behind household members and migration expectations in some countries. We contribute to the ongoing debate on the effect of remittances on capital investments, and our results shed light on the heterogeneous effect of remittance in the literature.
Unemployment transitions and the role of minimum wage: From pre-crisis to crisis and recovery
Authors: Andriopoulou Eirini , Karakitsios Alexandros 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
During the last decade, unemployment in Greece climbed up to 28%, almost quadrupling due to the economic crisis that hit Greece. In the present paper, we examine the determinants of the unemployment dynamics and the impact of the minimum wage on the probability of making a transition into and out of unemployment. We use micro-level data from the Greek Labour Force Survey (LFS) of the period 2004 to 2019 and control for several demographic factors, macro-economic conditions, regional differences, and changes in the statutory minimum wage. The results suggest that individual-level characteristics play an important role in making a transition into or out of unemployment. Changes in the real minimum wage are estimated to have either a statistically insignificant or a very small impact on unemployment entries and exits. Further, the impact of economy's growth rate follows the theoretical predictions as higher growth rates increase unemployment outflows and decrease inflows, while the regional differences are also important. Our findings persist even when we split the sample in three periods (pre-crisis, crisis, recovery). The results have important policy implications. Given that the disemployment effect of the minimum wage seems to be very limited in the Greek labor market, while the socioeconomic characteristics and regional characteristics play an important role, improving the skills of individuals through the educational system and reskilling or up-skilling programs while targeting specific regions may facilitate labor market mobility.
Impact of the diffusion coefficient calculation on predicting Fe2B boride layer thickness
Authors: El Guerri Y. , Mebarek B. , Keddam M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this study, a single-phase boride layer thickness Fe2B is predicted on two different substrates (Armco iron and XC38 steel) by following the integral method. This method is a mathematical model based on a system of differential algebraic equations that help to deduce the diffusion coefficient, which is the key factor on predicting the layer thickness. Literatures cover different diffusion coefficients for each substrate, albeit researchers usually extract from experimental data, variations of growth rate constants within only one time treatment and deduce the diffusion coefficient from them. This deduction is done via an estimation of a frequency factor and an activation energy from the growth rate constants. Therefore, our main aim is to illustrate the impact of the deduction of the diffusion coefficient on predicting the boride layer thickness. Lastly, the impact with and without incubation time on the boriding kinetics of both substrates was also examined.
MANDIEK ANAK AS PERFORMANCE AT SALAREH AIA
Authors: Sathotho Surya Farid 
Published: April 2022

Mandiek anak is rituals as part of baralek gadang. Although baralek gadang is a marriage ritual known in the West Sumatra region or Minangkabau, but mandiek anak is only known in the Nagari Salareh Aia region. This ritual aims to show society the social status of the organizer of the mandiek anak. Theatre anthropology shows how mandiek anak can be seen as a performance. In this approach, mandiek anak is treated as a performance that can be analyzed the forming elements. The method used to conduct research is purposive sampling. The resulting description is analytical to the phenomenon found. With a comprehensive description, it can be seen that the elements of mandiek anak as a performance can be identified. The performance elements in scripts, players, audiences and places look real. Mandiek anak scripts are all rules that ensure the passage of mandiek anak in an orderly and smooth manner. Players and spectators have intense interactions and a real-looking performance venue. The results of this study expect to show how mandiek anak as performance has a particular form that makes it can be passed down to the supporting community. Keywords: mandiek anak, teater antropology, performance
Esensi dan Eksistensi Ruang Pertunjukan Ritual Benjang Dengan Konsep Rasa Sahrdaya
Authors: Salayanti Santi , . Sarwanto 
Published: April 2022

Ritual pertunjukan Benjang merupakan jenis pertunjukan tradisional yang lahir dari upacara budaya yang masih bertahan dan dilaksanakan hingga saat ini, khususnya oleh generasi muda. Melalui pola pikir fungsional dan gaya hidup anak muda Bandung saat ini, Ritual Benjang hadir melalui ciri khas dalam pengalaman keindahan ritual berkualitas dan diyakini dapat mencapai tujuan hidup masyarakat Ujung Berung Bandung. Pertunjukkan tersebut merupakan simbol eksistensi bahwa Benjang adalah media untuk mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan dan sebagai kegiatan olahraga yang mendukung sportivitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan proses pengamatan dan persepsi berdasarkan fenomena.
Konsep Sahrdaya Rasa menjadi fondasi seluruh tata letak ruang yang digunakan dalam ritual pertunjukan ini dipengaruhi oleh struktur gerakan, posisi penari dan penampil yang tentunya merupakan sebuah sistem keyakinan dan kepentingan dari para penampil juga penonton yang berada pada lokasi tersebut. Semakin tinggi pemahaman mereka tentang konsep rasa, semakin kuat sensibilitas dalam menanggapi pertunjukan topeng yang menarik. Begitu pula dengan kualitas estetika pertunjukan tari topeng, saling melengkapi dalam pertunjukan ritual yang didukung konsep rasa. Keberhasilan implementasi rasa dalam acara ini memberikan rangsangan estetika bagi penonton untuk mencapai katarsis bagi mereka dengan keterlibatan rasa yang memberikan makna dalam hidup dan menjadi orang yang selalu kalah.
Taxpayer integrity in US law enforcement practice.
Authors: Muratov Ruslan Adamovich 
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the concept of taxpayer integrity in the US law enforcement practice, in particular, the approach of the US tax authorities and the US Tax Court in applying this concept when considering tax disputes. When considering this issue, it was revealed that the signs of the taxpayer's integrity are fixed in the US Internal Revenue Code in Article 1.6664-4. In accordance with the provisions of this article, no fine may be imposed in accordance with section 6662 in respect of any part of the underpayment if the taxpayer proves that there was a reasonable reason for such part and that the taxpayer acted in good faith. В В В The main conclusion of the study is that the existence of a legal norm defining the signs of a taxpayer's good faith in the US tax legislation allows taxpayers to avoid a fine in case of incomplete fulfillment of tax obligations by providing a reasonable reasonable reason. In addition, we can conclude that when determining the legality of accepting expenses for the purpose of reducing the income tax base, the US Tax Court takes into account the nature of the appearance of these expenses (case Neonatology Assocs., P.A. v. Commissioner - 115 T.C. 43, 99 (2000), aff'd, 299 F 3d 221 (3d Cir. 2002))
Peran Ibu Rumah Tangga Guna Menjaga Bumi Bebas Dari Polusi Sampah Plastik
Authors: Zuhroh Siti 
Published: April 2022

Fenomena krisis sampah plastik di daratan maupun di laut, sangat mengkhawatirkan bagi lingkungan. Hal ini karena sifat plastik yang tidak mudah terurai dalam jangka waktu yang sangat lama sehingga menyebabkan banyak dampak negatif antara lain kematian binatang laut, pencemaran tanah hingga terkontaminansinya air dan tanah dengan zat kima berbahaya. Untuk itu, diperlukan kerjasama dan kepedulian dari berbagai pihak untuk mengatasi hal ini, termasuk salah satunya adalah peran nyata perguruan tinggi.
Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) yang mengambil tema pemberdayaan ibu rumah tangga guna meminimalisir dampak pencemaran sampah plastik ini dilakukan di wilayah Desa Sengon Kecamatan Jombang, Kabupaten Jombang dengan mitra kegiatan adalah para ibu rumah tangga. Kegiatan PKM ini dilakukan pada tahun 2018 – 2019 dengan menggerakkan mitra untuk membentuk suatu komunitas peduli sampah. Kegiatan PKM ini terbukti cukup berhasil yaitu dengan mulai terbentuknya suatu komunitas pegiat sampah dengan nama KopeSamberlijo. Namun demikian, kegiatan PKM ini hanyalah awal, sehingga diperlukan upaya lebih lanjut agar kegiatan ini tidak berhenti pada saat kegiatan PKM selesai.