bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the LHCb RICH detectors during LHC Run 2
Authors: Calabrese R. , Fiorini M. , Luppi E. , Minzoni L. , Slazyk I. , Tomassetti L. , Bartolini M. , Cardinale R. , Fontanelli F. , Petrolini A. , Pistone A. , Calvi M. , Matteuzzi C. , Lupato A. , Simi G. , Kucharczyk M. , Malecki B. , Witek M. , Benson S. , Blago M. , Cavallero G. , Contu A. , D'Ambrosio C. , Frei C. , Gys T. , He J. , Piedigrossi D. , Wyllie K. , Adinolfi M. , Chapman M.G. , Dalseno J. , Harnew S. , Maddrell-Mander S. , Naik P. , Prouve C. , Rademacker J. , Solomin A. , Garra Ticó J. , Gibson V. , Jones C.R. , Tolk S. , Wotton S.A. , Easo S. , Papanestis A. , Wilson F. F. , Carson L. , Eisenhardt S. , Gambetta S. , Gizdov K. , Luo H. , Morris A. , Muheim F. , Pappagallo M. , Smith I. , Webster J. , Zonneveld J. , Karodia S. , Ogilvy S. , Sail P. , Soler F.J.P. , Spradlin P. , Traill M. , Baker S. , Clark D. , Clark I. , Ladhams K. , McCann M. , Moise R.D. , Nardini D. , Patel M. , Savidge T. , Smith E. , Stefkova S. , Websdale D. , Bjorn M. , Cheung F. , Gao R. , Harnew N. , Hill D. , Malde S. , Nandi A. , Topp-Jorgensen S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The performance of the ring-imaging Cherenkov detectors at
the LHCb experiment is determined during the LHC Run 2 period
between 2015 and 2018. The stability of the Cherenkov angle
resolution and number of detected photons with time and running
conditions is measured. The particle identification performance is
evaluated with data and found to satisfy the requirements of the
physics programme.
Life Cycle Assessment for Tertiary Wastewater Treatment and Reuse versus Seawater Desalination
Authors: Aleisa E , Al-Mutiri Asmaa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Wastewater reuse is now indispensable for meeting the increasing water demand, particularly under conditions of alarming water scarcity, which is now already affecting every continent. The objective of this study is to apply life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impact and missed opportunity of treating municipal wastewater to tertiary quality and compare it to conventional seawater desalination in the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) countries, namely: Multistage flash distillation (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED) and seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO). The study follows the ISO 14040/44 standards and uses a functional unit of 1 Mm3 of tertiary treated effluent (TTE). The modeling concept adopts the cradle-to-gate consequential paradigm. The life cycle inventory is based on fielded data collection, reports, literature and Ecoinvent database processes. The scope includes: infrastructure, grid, materials, energy requirements, chemical additives and sludge disposal; for primary, secondary and tertiary treatment. The life cycle impact assessment is applied on both the characterized and normalized levels using the ReCiPe method. Compared to distillation, TTE exhibits an average reduction of 94% in fossil depletion. For climate change and particulate matter, an average reduction of 79% and 73% can be realized respectively. The large difference is due to energy consumption in desalination, despite that fact that the energy considered is only the allocated portion to distillation in the cogeneration total, using exergy specific power consumption.
Mitigation of Concrete Cover Separation in Concrete Beams Strengthened with Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Al-Saawani Mohammed A , El-Sayed Ahmed K , Al-Negheimish Abdulaziz I 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams using fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) is an effective method that is gaining more acceptance worldwide. However, failure of the strengthened beams at the plate-end region by concrete cover separation (CCS) compromises the effectiveness of such a strengthening system. Among available anchorage systems to remedy such problem, the use of FRP U-wraps at the end region of the externally bonded FRP has the potential to prevent CCS failure. Most studies in the literature suffer from poor design of test specimens and the use of random amounts of FRP anchorage. This resulted in nonconclusive findings and contradicting results on the real effectiveness of FRP U-wraps as an anchorage to prevent plate-end debonding failure. That in turn has been reflected in the lack of reliable design methods for the design of FRP U-wrap anchorage. In this paper, the effect of FRP U-wraps on the mitigation of CCS failure in FRP-strengthened RC beams was experimentally examined and quantified. The study included full-scale RC beams strengthened in flexure using carbon FRP (CFRP) sheets and anchored at the plate-end region using vertical CFRP U-wraps. The test variable was the amount of CFRP U-wrap that is required to achieve complete mitigation of CCS. The test results indicated the effectiveness of FRP U-wraps on mitigating CCS failure once the required area of CFRP U-wrap was placed. Relevant design models were presented and assessed against the experimental results of the current study. The comparisons indicated inaccurate predictions for the area of FRP U-wrap that is required to prevent CCS. This sheds the light on the need for developing a more reliable and accurate method for the design of an end anchorage to prevent CCS failure.
Development of Kelvin/Zisman Probe Based Methodology for Detection of Minor Water Leaks in Underground Pipelines
Authors: Al Fuhaid A F 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pipelines are the main means of transportation for liquids such as fresh water. Maintaining the pipelines in a healthy condition is essential to avoid leakage that could affect the economy, environment, sustainability, health and safety. Therefore, valuable water must be well managed and saved by detecting the minor leaks before outrageous losses. The objective of this research is to develop a Kelvin/Zisman probe (KZP) based methodology to detect water leaks in underground supply pipelines. A KZP measures the presence of moisture in soil by assessing the electric potential value (E) in volts that is set-up by the probe. It is designed to detect minor leaks especially in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and metallic pipes such as steel pipes (ANSI Schedule 40). The developed KZP passes above the ground surface (soil) to take the potential value readings. The reading results confirm the KZP is sensitive to the moisture; so, it can detect water content of soil with 6.7%, 5.6%, and 5.2%, but cannot detect 4.6% or less. Accordingly, the reading results of water contents comply with their R-squared, which are 0.97, 0.96, 0.98, and 0.81, respectively. Furthermore, 6.7%, 5.6%, and 5.2% water content average potential values are 5.6V, 6.2V, and 7.2V, respectively, which are inversely proportional. The proportionality between water content of soil and potential value reading proves the KZP has potential to detect the water leaks.
Energy Efficient Outdoor Lighting System Design: Case Study of IT Campus
Authors: Gnana Swathika O.V. , Karthikeyan K. , Subramaniam Umashankar , Udayanga Hemapala K.T.M. , Bhaskar Sagar Mahajan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Outdoor lighting solutions are a key to safe urbanization. It is important that assessment of lighting is done at the design stage keeping in mind the crucial parameters like environment friendly design, light pollution, and energy efficiency. These crucial parameters are met by meticulously using lighting standards at each and every stage of lighting design. This process further naturally inclines in realizing sustainable lighting solutions for the future generations. In this paper, a case study of an Information Technology (IT) campus which requires suitable outdoor lighting system is considered. Outdoor lighting is very essential from the security perspective and also for the people and vehicle movement during night time. Hence it is necessary to design and implement an effective lighting scheme. To achieve this it is necessary to perform extensive lighting calculations and simulations in DIALUX software platform.
Emerging Trends in Overcoming the Weather Barrier to Sustainable Mobility in Gulf and Tropical Cities
Authors: Al-Atroush M.E. , Mustaffa Z. , Sebeay T.A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Several studies predicted that in case of the continuous rising concentrations of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs), the gulf region might experience intolerable temperatures to humans. Such terrible weather may have a severe consequence on different vital activities in different Gulf countries, such as the Muslim rites of Hajj in Mecca city. However, supporting the global mitigation efforts would significantly minimize the seriousness of the expected impacts. With that in mind, hot weather was reported as the significant barrier to sustainable mobility in those countries. Their current mobility is heavily dependent on privately-owned fossil-fueled vehicles rather than other sustainable transport choices. This paper reviewed the most recent innovative and solutions to overcome the problems associated with the hot climate. The review focused on the new techniques concerned with reducing the pavement surface temperature and the corresponding decreases in the ambient air temperature, aiming to promote sustainable mobility modes in hot climate cities. The paper also identified future research needs to fulfill each proposed solution's scientific and practical gap and overcome the weather barrier.
The Sustainability of Egyptian Modern Architecture
Authors: Elkady M , Goubran S 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
HVAC proliferation has had a lasting effect on architecture, forcing buildings to comply with the infrastructural and newly acquired physiological requirements. Daniel A. Barber argues that air conditioning successfully hijacked modernist internationalism and turned it into an essential tool for extracting and concentrating wealth. In the sustainability discourse, modernist architecture is often blamed for practices and design-logics that are not ecologically conscious. On the other hand, despite ongoing efforts by academics and practitioners to deconstruct current notions of sustainability, sustainability is yet to integrate the rich contributions of modernism. The paper investigates how Egyptian pre-HVAC modern architecture addressed contemporary sustainability concerns through a structured thematic analysis of Egyptian Modernist Sayed Karim’s (1911-2005) work. Different features are extracted and mapped in the analysis of four cases to study how the architect balanced between the ecological, social/cultural, aesthetic, and functional motives. Some elements, such as zoning and shared or common spaces, strike a balance between these dimensions and instigate a rethinking of what Egyptian modernists can offer to the sustainable design field. The analysis presented opens a new venue for how today’s sustainable architecture movement can benefit from Global South modernism, taking passive ventilation strategies as precedent.
Cultural identity of places through a sustainable design approach of cultural buildings. The case of Riyadh.
Authors: Moscatelli M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Architecture in Saudi Arabia has undergone significant changes in recent decades due to rapid planning and massive expansion, especially in the major cities of Riyadh, Jeddah and Dammam. In the strategic framework of the Saudi Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia will become one of the major destinations for international visitors, thanks to its cultural heritage. It is, therefore, necessary to ensure a design of contemporary buildings that reinforce the identity of the place by reflecting the local culture through a sustainable approach by responding to the site and the climate, strengthening the quality of the indoor environment for the health and well-being of people. This paper seeks to identify relevant criteria for architectural design in which sustainability and cultural identity are strongly related. These criteria arise from a critical reflection on various factors fundamental in public buildings design, such as the historical knowledge of the place, recognition of significant pre-existing buildings, climatic aspects, and the health and comfort of building occupants. Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, one of the fastest-growing cities in the Middle East, is selected as a case study. This study takes the project of a cultural centre in Riyadh city as an experimental verification of these theoretical assumptions. The aim is to strengthen the cultural identity of the place through social and cultural spaces that reflect Saudi culture while at the same time preserving the environment and natural resources. A well-managed and actual design of cultural buildings in the selected case study in Riyadh is essential to promote culture and heritage to reinforce the sense of regional and national identity towards a sustainable design approach. In this investigation, the paper attempts to define guidelines through a cultural and sustainable strategy that can be generalized to other Gulf countries.
Effect of Indoor Environmental Quality on Work Productivity in Educational Buildings: A Review.
Authors: Labib W , Sirror H , Abowardah E S , Metwally W 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Sustainable building provides an option of using resources efficiently and creating healthier environments for occupiers to live and work. Establishing a sustainable workplace has become a worldwide trend for minimizing adverse effects on the occupants and environment. A sustainable workplace is environmentally conscious, socially responsible, and resource-efficient. It necessitates an integrated, comprehensive strategy to develop work culture, decrease environmental consequences, and improve the workplace. As a result, certain educational facilities throughout the globe have adopted Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) accreditation as a global standard for high-performing sustainable buildings. The literature assessment found that there is currently little research on environmental sustainability and how to improve the workplace successfully. It also shows that this notion is new to Saudi Arabia’s educational buildings, and the influence of LEED on staff performance and satisfaction has yet to be researched. Thus, this research paper investigates the main indoor environmental quality parameters adopted in studying occupants’ satisfaction in LEED-certified buildings. Such parameters are office layout, office furnishings, lighting, and acoustic quality. The study also investigates the effectiveness of workplace indoor environmental parameters on occupants’ performance. The research could help as a first step to certifying the building as LEED O+M (Operations and Maintenance for existing buildings). This aligns with Saudi Vision 2030, which emphasizes enhancing living quality and safety, as reflected by employee performance and satisfaction.
Market Transformation Towards Sustainability in Saudi Arabia: A Comparison Between Mostadam And LEED Rating Systems
Authors: Sirror H , Dwidar S , Derbali A , Abdelsattar A , Abdel-Gawad D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Saudi Vision 2030 launched several visualization programs, including the housing program, to create a vibrant environment for families and society. The Ministry of Housing created Mostadam, a national green building rating system that Sustainable Building operates to achieve this aim. Previously, buildings in Saudi Arabia were primarily certified using the US Green Building Council's LEED Rating system. (USGBC). The study investigates the market transformation towards sustainability in Saudi Arabia by comparing Mostadam and LEED. The study's main objectives are to compare Mostadam and LEED in terms of rating systems, certification levels, and the weight of categories offered in the two rating systems. The market transformation is investigated by using comparative analysis. Results showed that the Mostadam rated building is more adapted to the Saudi construction industry, and this is because awareness about building sustainability transformed the market towards more sustainable construction.
Utilization Of Corn Cob As A Partial Replacement Of Coarse Aggregate In Concrete Blocks
Authors: Khan Mujahid , Musab K. , Ur Rahmaan Mohd Habeeb 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Demand for construction activity is on a steep rise due to an increase in population, which has led to a growth in industrialisation and urbanisation in the country by marshalling the way for infrastructure development resulting in heavy usage of natural resources. To implement such ventures concrete must be used which require an immense quantity of non-renewable resources such as Fine aggregates, Coarse aggregate, and Cement. Corn is one of the widely used grain all around the world, its impulsive nature towards wastage generation of about 50-70% as corncob has concerned a lot due to waste accumulation. Keeping in view of the availability of natural resources, rise in environmental pollution and waste deposition by construction industry, has motivated us to work on this aspect. In this paper, discussion is carried out on the influence of using corncob as a partial replacement to the coarse aggregate in the concrete mix. It aims at finding out the optimum percentage replacement for natural coarse aggregates, which can give us the similar or more strength and has the same amount of workability as compared to nominal concrete. Moulds were casted using cement, sand, coarse aggregate, corncob, and marble paste. Cubes were casted and tested for 7-days, 14-days & 28-days against compression loads to determine its compressive strength.
Tensile strength of single banana fibers (SBFs) improved by novel alkaline treatment
Authors: Norman Mohd Khairul Efni , Hashim Mohd Yussni 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Environmental concern on global warming controversy has raised the issue that forced the researchers to work on green materials. Among them, plant fibers are recognized as environmentally friendly with a high potential to explore their adaptability and utilization for many engineering applications. This paper aims to examine the banana fiber behavior of various alkaline treatment conditions and compare the results with untreated fiber conducted on the same tests. Both the tests were subjected to physical and tensile load, then each condition was tested individually to achieve a valid average. The Paper frame technique was adopted for this single fiber tensile test (SFTT) and corresponding to the stress-strain curves. Surface morphology was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to compare and find the effect of alkaline treatment on surface fiber modification.
Simulation of wear map for biodiesel interacted automotive materials
Authors: Cetin S Y , Maleque M A , Masjuki H H 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Selection of material for automotive component has an important role to avoid wear problem that encountered in static and moving parts due to fuels used in the engine especially, biodiesel. Biodiesel compositions such as dissolved water, free water and emulsified water accelerate oxidation of metallic materials. During the combustion process, the biodiesel contributes to the corrosive wear of the engine components leading to the shortening of the life span. The early prediction of the wear behavior under severe conditions in presence of biodiesel would be a vital solution. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to propose a wear map simulation for examining wear phenomenon of automotive component materials in presence of biodiesel. Herewith, materials that come into contact with biofuel/biodiesel in automotive application are highlighted for better design and selection in the future. This study concluded that based on the wear map simulation proper selection of material with higher durability and wear resistant can offer a better future for economic and reliability of the components. The development of wear map with recommendation aids researchers making decisions and innovation on the metals engine components. Furthermore, a full explanation on the reaction between biodiesel and metals can increase the innovation in the automotive industry.
Synthetization of TiC surface hardening using TIG melting technique - The effect of working distance
Authors: Idriss A. N. Md , Maleque M. A. , Afiq A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Surface hardening with and without hard reinforcing material can be achieved by melting technique on the top substrate area via high energy input fusion. The aim is to apply TIG torch heat input of 1344 J/mm at two different working distances such as 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm to incorporate the preplaced TiC particulates on the surface of AISI 4340 low alloy steel. Results pertaining to the microstructural features, melt pool sizes, defects, topographies and microhardness were investigated using the optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and Vickers microhardness tester. The results showed that the heat loss through the arc column at 1.5 mm of working distance resulted small melt pool geometry and poor dissolution of TiC particulates. Lower working distance increases heating value leading more precipitation of TiC whilst minimizing those the undissolved particulates. The surface submerged at working distance of 0.5 mm produced microhardness ranging from 800 HV to 1500 HV. The work suggested that heat fusion can be enhanced by marginal working distance whilst saving the energy to melt instead of increasing the used voltage, current, decreasing scanning speed, or adding fluxes or shielding with special gasses.
Adaptive solar panel - overview and conceptual design
Authors: Hamid Wan Luqman Hakim Wan A. , Basharuddin Nurul ‘Ilya , Sukindar Nor Aiman 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Renewable energy should reach its maximum usage capacity, around 20%, by 2025, as laid out by the Malaysian government to achieve the seventh Sustainable Development Goals (SDG): Affordable and clean energy. Many actions have been implemented to support the idea, including the development of solar energy panels in large photovoltaic installation. However, the installations require a wide area of land, and the efficiency offered is limited due to their fixed position. The efficiency of solar panels in absorbing the light from the sun is important to increase the energy supply. Several designs of the adaptive solar panel were developed by researchers, but the installation costs are high due to the components used. Commonly used actuators to move the solar panels are motor (DC motor, stepper motor, servo motor) that actuate according to the signals from photosensor, programming logic control (PLC), or microcontroller. Herein, the development of an Adaptive Solar Panel (ASP) is studied. SMA with high recoverability when it is strained is introduced as an actuator that capable of generating large actuation when heated to move the solar panel. In discovering the potential of SMA wire, a modern environmental-friendly design with six layers of solar panels with a rotational support system was designed in this study. In future work, the SMA wire actuation will be evaluated by computational simulation method using LS-Dyna.