bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Brexit deal and UK fisheries—has reality matched the rhetoric?
Authors: Stewart Bryce D. , Williams Chris , Barnes Richard , Walmsley Suzannah F. , Carpenter Griffin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFisheries
management has been a strongly contested aspect of the UK’s position in the EU since UK accession, with the fishing industry frequently questioning both the efficacy and fairness of arrangements. During the campaign for UK exit (Brexit) from the EU, and the subsequent negotiations of a new legal and political relationship from 2016 to 2020, senior UK political leaders strongly committed to deliver radically changed fisheries arrangements with respect to the three central issues: regulatory autonomy; access to waters; and quota shares, all while maintaining minimal trade impacts. The Trade and Cooperation Agreement diverges from this Brexit rhetoric. While some regulatory independence has been achieved, UK fisheries management continues in a state of interdependence and significant EU access to UK waters remains, even in the 6–12 nautical mile territorial waters. While the UK gained an increase in quota shares which is estimated to reach 107 thousand tonnes of landed weight annually by 2025 (an increase of 21.3% for quota species and 16.9% for all species, or 17.8% and 12.4% by value), this pales in comparison to the UK Government’s stated ambitions for zonal attachment (achieving 68% by weight and by value - a potential shortfall of 229,000 tonnes / £281 million). This modest change explains the negative reaction of the fishing industry and claims of betrayal in the face of the UK Government’s announcement of a “successful” deal. The stark delivery gap between rhetoric and reality means the UK government faces a challenging start to managing fisheries outside of the Common Fisheries Policy.
Interferenti endocrini e funzione gonadica: focus su steroidogenesi testicolare e infertilità maschile
Authors: de Angelis Cristina , Mazzella Marco , Pivonello Rosario 
Published: January 2022

SommarioEvidenze sperimentali in modelli animali e in vitro dimostrano un ruolo deleterio degli interferenti endocrini (IE) sulla gonade maschile; tuttavia, nonostante vi siano alcune evidenze osservazionali di associazione tra alterazioni seminali e/o endocrine ed esposizione ad alcuni IE, in particolare quelli ad azione anti-androgenica, pro-estrogenica o capaci di indurre stress ossidativo, non è tuttora dimostrabile l’inferenza di casualità nell’uomo, e permane una vasta area di incertezza. La rassegna fornisce una panoramica sinottica delle evidenze cliniche relative alle alterazioni di spermatogenesi e steroidogenesi testicolare in relazione all’esposizione a selezionati IE, con particolare riferimento all’esposizione in età adulta.
Leveraging Spirituality and Religion in European For-profit-organizations: a Systematic Review
Authors: Maidl Lydia , Seemann Ann-Kathrin , Frick Eckhard , Gündel Harald , Paal Piret 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis systematic review synthesises the available evidence regarding the European understanding of workplace spirituality (definitions), the importance of spirituality and religion (evidence) as well as spiritual leadership (meaning and practice) in for-profitorganizations. The search for eligible studies was conducted in OPAC Plus, SCOPUS, Science Direct, JSTOR, EBSCO, and Google Scholar from 2007/01 to 2017/07. Three independent scholars extracted the data. Twenty studies were included (two mixed-methods, eight quantitative, ten qualitative) for the final quality assessment. A study quality assessment and thematic analysis was conducted. This review gives suggestions for study quality improvement and reporting. Thematically, two different approaches to religion and spirituality (R/S) were detected: a) work has a spiritual dimension and b) religious and spiritual orientation as “spiritual capital”. Studies demonstrated positive effect on job satisfaction, health, commitment, company productivity and sustainability; Christian leadership does not address personal religious orientation; the spiritual dimension may lead to a change of perspective; workplace spirituality may exploit people for profit-oriented business goals; non-white Muslims experience discrimination. This systematic review provides robust evidence and findings for evidence-informed policymaking and encourages a more rigorous research in this field of study.
The Inventory of Anal Sex Knowledge (iASK): A New Measure of Sexual Health Knowledge Among Adolescent Sexual Minority Males
Authors: Kutner Bryan A. , Perry Nicholas S. , Stout Claire , Norcini Pala Andrea , Paredes Christian D. , Nelson Kimberly M. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Knowledge about sexual health is a key determinant of sexual behavior among adolescent sexual minority males (ASMM). No measures exist to assess anal sex knowledge, even though anal sex is the primary route by which ASMM acquire sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Aim
We developed a new measure as a first step toward assessing the prevalence and correlates of anal sex knowledge and potential effects of interventions to improve knowledge.

Methods
Two coders independently outlined domains of knowledge within 2 sex education videos designed to address anal sex knowledge among ASMM. An initial set of 56 items, some duplicative, encompassed all domains. A larger team, including a psychometrician, then iteratively revised and reduced the set of items, and assessed construct validity via cognitive testing among ASMM (N = 4, aged 16–17 years old, 75% identifying as racial/ethnic minorities). For the final set of 10 items, factor structure and convergent and divergent validity were assessed using baseline responses to an online survey within a randomized controlled pilot trial among 154 ASMM. Open-ended questions assessed their comprehension and the acceptability of items.

Outcomes
We examined correlates that we anticipated would be theoretically related (ie, the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire [HIV-KQ-18] and the STD-Knowledge Questionnaire [STD-KQ]) and theoretically distinct (ie, the Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-2], Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale [GAD-2], and employment status).

Results
The one-factor model explained 42% of the items’ common variance and demonstrated acceptable internal reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.72). The measure withstood tests of convergent and divergent validity when compared to current measures (HIV knowledge, r = 0.35 and STI knowledge, r = 0.24, both P &lt; .05; internalizing mental health symptoms, r = -0.07 and employment status, r = 0.13, both P &gt; .05). Few respondents found words unfamiliar or uncomfortable.

Clinical Implications
A method for assessing anal sex knowledge may offer opportunities to intervene to lessen harmful sequelae of a lack of knowledge.

Strength & Limitations
We developed a brief, psychometrically valid measure of anal sex knowledge. The measure may neither generalize to all anal health knowledge nor to more sexually experienced, older SMM.

Conclusion
The resulting 10-item, single-factor measure, the Inventory of Anal Sex Knowledge (iASK), is psychometrically sound and addresses the lack of anal sex knowledge measures among ASMM. The iASK can function to assess the prevalence and sequelae of anal sex knowledge among ASMM as well as the impact of interventions targeting anal sex knowledge.
Attachment and Childhood Maltreatment as Moderators of Treatment Outcome in a Randomized Clinical Trial for Provoked Vestibulodynia
Authors: Charbonneau-Lefebvre Véronique , Vaillancourt-Morel Marie-Pier , Rosen Natalie O. , Steben Marc , Bergeron Sophie 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Although distal developmental factors, such as attachment and childhood maltreatment (CM), are associated with the occurrence, severity, and adjustment to provoked vestibulodynia (PVD)—the most prevalent form of vulvodynia—no studies to date have examined whether these variables are related to treatment efficacy in the context of PVD. Attachment and CM may act as moderating variables when examining different treatment modalities, whereby individuals with more insecure attachment orientations (anxiety/avoidance) or a history of CM may benefit less from treatments with higher interpersonal contexts, such as sex and couple therapy—a recommended treatment for PVD.

Aim
The present randomized clinical trial (RCT) examined attachment and CM as predictors and moderators of sexual satisfaction, distress, and function at post-treatment and 6-month follow-up while comparing 2 treatments for PVD: Topical lidocaine, and a novel cognitive behavioral couple therapy focused on women’s pain and partners’ sexuality.

Methods
One hundred eight women with PVD were randomized to a 12-week treatment of either lidocaine or couple therapy. Women completed questionnaires at pretreatment, post-treatment, and at a 6-month follow-up.

Outcomes
(1) Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction; (2) Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised; (3) Female Sexual Function Index.

Results
Both attachment and CM were significant moderators of treatment outcomes. At either post-treatment or 6-month follow-up, in the couple therapy condition, women with greater attachment avoidance had poorer outcomes on sexual distress, satisfaction and function, whereas women with higher levels of CM had poorer outcomes on sexual satisfaction and sexual function, compared to women in the lidocaine condition.

Clinical Implications
Although these novel findings need further replication, they highlight the importance for clinicians to take into account distal factors, for instance, attachment and CM, when treating sexual difficulties such as PVD, as these variables may affect more interpersonal dimensions of treatment (eg, trust, compliance, etc.) and ultimately, treatment progress.

Strengths & Limitations
Using a rigorous RCT study design and statistical approach, this study is the first to examine attachment and CM as moderators in the treatment of sexual difficulties. It is however limited by the use of self-report measures, and further studies are necessary to validate the generalizability of current results to other sexual difficulties.

Conclusion
Findings support the role of interpersonal factors in the treatment of PVD and indicate that short-term psychological interventions, such as couple therapy, may be less beneficial for women with antecedents of CM and attachment insecurity.
Quantifying Risk in Air Sports: Flying Activity and Incident Rates in Paragliding
Authors: Wilkes Matt , Long Geoff , Massey Heather , Eglin Clare , Tipton Mike 
Published: January 2022

Introduction The volume, nature, and risks of paragliding are poorly quantified. More comprehensive understanding, including incident rates allowing comparison to similar disciplines, will help direct and appraise safety interventions. Methods Paraglider pilots were surveyed regarding experience, incidents, recordkeeping, and risk perception. The survey could not capture those who had left the sport or died, so a subset of responses from UK pilots was compared to records from an incident database. Results There were 1788 (25%) responses from 7262 surveyed. Respondents flew a total of 87,909 h in 96,042 flights during 2019. Local flying was most frequent (n=37,680 flights, 39%) but a higher proportion of hours were spent flying cross-country (n=33,933 h, 39%). The remainder were spent in competition, hike and fly, tandem, aerobatic, or instructional flight. Flying incidents led to 103 (6%) respondents seeking medical attention, attending hospital, or missing a day of work in 2019. Near misses were reported by 423 (26%) pilots. Asymmetry and rotational forces typically led to incidents, and limb and back injuries resulted. Pilots frequently failed to throw their reserve parachutes. Only 3 (0.6%) incidents involved equipment failure, with the remainder attributed to control or decision errors. Incident rates of paragliding were estimated as 1.4 (1.1–1.9) deaths and 20 (18–27) serious injuries per 100,000 flights, approximately twice as risky as general aviation and skydiving. Conclusions Incidents usually resulted from pilot error (control and decision), rather than equipment failure. Future safety interventions should focus on improving glider control skills and encouraging reserve parachute deployment.
CONSTRUCTING WADGE CLASSES
Authors: CARROY RAPHAËL , MEDINI ANDREA , MÜLLER SANDRA 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe show that, assuming the Axiom of Determinacy, every non-selfdual Wadge class can be constructed by starting with those of level
$\omega _1$
(that is, the ones that are closed under Borel preimages) and iteratively applying the operations of expansion and separated differences. The proof is essentially due to Louveau, and it yields at the same time a new proof of a theorem of Van Wesep (namely, that every non-selfdual Wadge class can be expressed as the result of a Hausdorff operation applied to the open sets). The exposition is self-contained, except for facts from classical descriptive set theory.
Popular Sovereignty and Constitutional Referendum: Can “The People” be Limited by Human Rights?
Authors: Nugraha Ignatius Yordan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe rise of referendums has led to the concern that they could lead to liberticide and discriminatory results. This article intends to determine whether the concept of popular sovereignty would immunize constitutional provisions that are passed through a constitutional referendum from any human rights limitation. In answering the question, I formulate a theoretical framework called “constituent-constituted duality,” while also distinguishing “the constituent people,” which is mythical, and “the constituted people,” which is empiric. In the end, this article argues that the only possible form of limitation from the perspective of popular sovereignty is an ex ante limitation. Meanwhile, an ex post facto limitation remains unacceptable from the angle of popular sovereignty, which implies that a judicial review of popularly-enacted constitutional amendments is conceptually illegitimate.
Revising Citizenship within the European Union: Is a Genuine Link Requirement the Way Forward?
Authors: van den Brink Martijn 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEU institutions have argued on several occasions that national and EU citizenship should not be awarded without any genuine link with the Member State concerned. Some scholars have adopted the same position, justifying their position referring to the genuine link requirement established by the International Court of Justice in Nottebohm. This has prompted criticism from legal scholars, who point out that Nottebohm was wrong as a matter of international law and moral principle. This paper shows that supporters and critics have failed to recognise that they have been talking with different conceptions of the genuine link requirement in mind. The question of whether to apply a genuine link requirement for the recognition of nationality is altogether different from the question of whether to apply a genuine link requirement for the acquisition of nationality. Nottebohm concerns the first; the arguments of EU institutions the second. The argument of EU institutions cannot therefore be dismissed by dismissing Nottebohm. I subsequently explore the normative arguments for predicating the boundaries of national membership on a genuine link requirement. There are weighty moral reasons for member states to condition the acquisition of national and EU citizenship on the presence of a genuine link. Finally, moving from the normative to the practical, I argue that such a requirement would have far-reaching consequences (targeting not just investor citizenship schemes) and cannot be enforced as a requirement under EU law.
Representations of ‘Italian populism’ in film
Authors: Fantoni Gianluca , Paoli Marco , Rotondi Armando 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of this article is to illustrate some key points that will hopefully encourage further reflection on the cinematic representations and meanings of populism in both an Italian and international context. Firstly, we attempt a definition of populism as applied to cinema, drawing on both political science and the literature on film history. Secondly, we turn to film critics and directors, discussing the views some of them hold on populism and film in relation to the Italian cinema of recent years. Thirdly, we discuss how the star system provides a useful point of convergence for our analysis of cinema and populism, looking in particular at postwar commedia all'italiana and the role of Totò in this context. Finally, we draw some conclusions and suggest what directions future research on the issue of populism and Italian cinema could take.
Bivalve body-size distribution through the Late Triassic mass extinction event
Authors: Opazo L. Felipe , Twitchett Richard J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe synergic relationship between physiology, ecology, and evolutionary process makes the body-size distribution (BSD) an essential component of the community ecology. Body size is highly susceptible to environmental change, and extreme upheavals, such as during a mass extinction event, could exert drastic changes on a taxon's BSD. It has been hypothesized that the Late Triassic mass extinction event (LTE) was triggered by intense global warming, linked to massive volcanic activity associated with the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. We test the effects of the LTE on the BSD of fossil bivalve assemblages from three study sites spanning the Triassic/Jurassic boundary in the United Kingdom. Our results show that the effects of the LTE were rapid and synchronous across sites, and the BSDs of the bivalves record drastic changes associated with species turnover. No phylogenetic signal of size selectivity was recorded, although semi-infaunal species were apparently most susceptible to change. Each size class had the same likelihood of extinction during the LTE, which resulted in a platykurtic BSD with negative skew. The immediate postextinction assemblage exhibits a leptokurtic BSD, although with negative skew, wherein surviving species and newly appearing small-sized colonizers exhibit body sizes near the modal size. Recovery was relatively rapid (~100 kyr), and larger bivalves began to appear during the pre-Planorbis Zone, despite recurrent dysoxic/anoxic conditions. This study demonstrates how a mass extinction acts across the size spectrum in bivalves and shows how BSDs emerge from evolutionary and ecological processes.
Massive high-redshift quiescent galaxies with JWST
Authors: Nanayakkara Themiya , Esdaile James , Glazebrook Karl , Espejo Salcedo Juan M. , Durre Mark , Jacobs Colin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent ground-based deep observations of the Universe have discovered large populations of massive quiescent galaxies at$z\sim3\!-\!5$. With the launch of theJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the on-board Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) instrument will provide continuous$0.6\!-\!5.3\,\unicode{x03BC}\,\mathrm{m}$spectroscopic coverage of these galaxies. Here we show that NIRSpec/CLEAR spectroscopy is ideal to probe the completeness of photometrically selected massive quiescent galaxies such as the ones presented by Schreiber et al. (2018b, A&A, 618, A85). Using a subset of the Schreiber et al. (2018b, A&A, 618, A85) sample with deep Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopy presented by Esdaile J., et al. (2021b, ApJ, 908, L35), we perform a suite of mock JWST/NIRSpec observations to determine optimal observing strategies to efficiently recover the star formation histories (SFHs), element abundances, and kinematics of these massive quiescent galaxies. We find that at$z\sim3$, medium resolution G235M/FL170LP NIRSpec observations could recover element abundances at an accuracy of${\sim}15\%$, which is comparable to local globular clusters. Mimicking ZFOURGE COSMOS photometry, we perform mock spectrophotometric fitting withProspectorto show that the overall shape of the SFHs of our mock galaxies can be recovered well, albeit with a dependency on the number of non-parametric SFH bins. We show that deep high-resolution G235H/FL170LP integral field spectroscopy with a$S/N\sim7$per spaxel is required to constrain the rotational properties of our sample at$>\!2\sigma$confidence. Thus, through optimal grism/filter choices, JWST/NIRSpec slit and integral field spectroscopy observations would provide tight constraints to galaxy evolution in the early Universe.
Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) interference and seed production in dry edible bean
Authors: Miranda Joshua W. A. , Jhala Amit J. , Bradshaw Jeffrey , Lawrence Nevin C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough Palmer amaranth is currently not widespread in most dry edible bean−producing states in the United States, it is widespread in western Nebraska, a major dry edible bean−producing region. There is currently a lack of research on management and biology of Palmer amaranth within dry edible bean production. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of season-long Palmer amaranth interference on yield of dry edible bean and seed production of Palmer amaranth. A field study was conducted in Scottsbluff, NE, in 2020 and 2021. Palmer amaranth interference at densities of 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1, and 2 plants m−1row of dry edible bean was evaluated. Palmer amaranth interference reduced dry edible bean yield by 77% at a weed density of 2 plants m−1row compared to the weed-free control, and a 5% yield reduction threshold was estimated to occur at a Palmer amaranth density of 0.02 plants m−1row. Yield reduction occurred primarily through a reduction in the number of pods per plant as Palmer amaranth density increased. Palmer amaranth plants produced 91,000 to 376,000 seeds per plant depending on densities, and as many as 140,000 seeds m−2. Study results will help farmers and other stakeholders estimate Palmer amaranth interference within their fields, and may help justify the economic cost of incorporating additional Palmer amaranth management practices.
Cotton cultivar response to glufosinate plus S-metolachlor applied postemergence using two nozzle types
Authors: Greene Wykle C. , Tredaway Joyce A. , Price Andrew J. , Monks Dale 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Field studies were conducted in Alabama in 2016 and 2017 to determine the effect of postemergence applications of glufosinate alone and glufosinate applied with S-metolachlor, using two different nozzle types, on LibertyLink®, XtendFlex®, and WideStrike® cotton growth and yield. Two applications of glufosinate at 0.6 kg ha−1, and glufosinate with S-metolachlor at 1.39 kg ha−1 were applied to each cotton cultivar at the four-leaf and eight-leaf growth stages using a flatfan and Turbo TeeJet Induction® nozzle. Visual estimates of cotton injury were evaluated after each application, as well as yield. No differences in yield within each cotton cultivar were observed for either year. Visible injury was higher for WideStrike cotton than LibertyLink or XtendFlex cultivars. On average, glufosinate applied with S-metolachlor resulted in greater injury than glufosinate applied alone. In LibertyLink cotton, applications made with TTI nozzles resulted in greater injury than flatfan nozzles. However, cotton injury was transient and did not affect cotton yields. These data indicate that applications of glufosinate and glufosinate applied with S-metolachlor, at 0.6 kg ha−1 and 1.39 kg ha−1, respectively, with either a flatfan or TTI nozzle, can have no detrimental effect on cotton growth or yield.