bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report of a Massive Life-threatening Neonatal Thrombosis Treated With a Targeted, Goal-oriented Scheme of Urokinase
Authors: Rossi Alessandra , Ciarmoli Elena , Villani Paolo , Saldi Gabriele , Pierro Maria 
Published: February 2022

Background:
Thrombotic events are severe, often under-diagnosed, complications occurring in newborn infants during their hospital stay. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment scheme for thrombolysis in neonates.

Observations:
We present the case of a newborn suffering from a life-threatening thrombosis. Diagnosis was suggested by a gradual increase of C-reactive protein, with repeatedly normal procalcitonin. Thrombosis was successfully and safely treated with a long scheme of 21 days of urokinase, supported by vascular ultrasound and d-dimer trend.

Conclusions:
Laboratory and ultrasound results may help in adjusting the duration of the thrombolytic treatment, allowing for longer therapeutic schemes that could optimize treatment success. In addition, our case may suggest a possible combined role of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin as an early diagnostic aid in neonatal thrombosis.
Predictive Value of Breg and Serum IL-10 Concentration Levels for Acute ITP Progression to Chronic Phase
Authors: Aref Salah , El Menshawy Nadia , Darwish Ahmad , Farag Nora A. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
Pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a potentially life threating autoimmune disorder with different responses to therapy and different bleeding phenotypes in critical organs. The molecular basis for the variable response has not yet been fully elucidated. This study was designed to address the predictive value of regulatory B-cell (Breg) count and interleukin-10 (IL-10) serum levels for acute ITP patients who progress to chronic phase. The present study included 80 children with acute ITP )38 males and 42 females (with median age of 8 years and 40 matched healthy controls. Assessment of Breg (CD19+CD24hiCD38hi) was carried out by a multicolor flowcytometry, however, IL-10 serum levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A significant reduction of Breg percentage and a significant increase in serum IL-10 levels were identified in children with acute ITP as compared with controls (P<0.001 for both). Fourteen ITP patients passed to chronic phase, while 66 patients achieved remission within 6 months. The absolute Breg was significantly lower, while IL-10 was significantly higher in patients with acute ITP who progressed to chronic phase in comparison with acute ITP patients who achieved complete remission. Cox proportional hazards for ITP chronicity revealed that IL-10 OR was 2.46 (confidence interval: 1.42-4.27; P=0.001) and absolute Breg OR was 0.147 (confidence interval: 0.128-0.624; P=0.005) in the peripheral blood. Therefore, they could predict chronicity in ITP cases.

Conclusion:
Reduced Breg count and elevated IL-10 levels in patients with acute ITP at diagnosis can predict chronicity.
Health Workers’ Perception and Emotions Surrounding Teleconsultation in Pediatric Cancer Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Calò Pierluigi , Leblond Pierre , Girodet Magali , Gauchet Alice , Anota Amélie , Christophe Veronique , Bertrand Amandine 
Published: February 2022

Background and Aims:
During the first lockdown of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we developed a teleconsultation model and conducted a survey-based study with the aim to evaluate satisfaction and emotions of health workers (HWs), to assess the feasibility of teleconsultations, and to evaluate technical issues.

Materials and Methods:
This is a prospective monocentric exploratory study based on synchronous, video consultations between HWs and pediatric patients treated for blood or solid malignancies or blood benign diseases. Every HW completed an online survey which covered technical aspects, data concerning satisfaction, quality of the interaction with the patient, and emotions felt after the teleconsultation. A score was calculated for each aspect.

Results:
Eleven specialists participated in the study, and we selected 84 questionnaires. With a satisfaction rate of 74%, HWs felt mostly calm (80%), relaxed (70%), stress-free (69%), and relieved (65%). We calculated the following median scores: an overall satisfaction score of 6.67 (0 to 10), a global feeling score of 8.79 (3.33 to 10.00), and a quality score of 7.34 (2.50 to 10.00). A strong correlation between the quality of teleconsultation and the satisfaction of the HWs has been highlighted (r=0.588).

Conclusion:
Our series is an encouragingly positive experience from the perspective of the HWs, their feelings, and perceptions.
Relationship of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Inflammation–Related Gene Expression With Ectopic Lipid Deposition in Persons With HIV
Authors: Bailin Samuel S. , Gabriel Curtis L. , Fan Run , Ye Fei , Nair Sangeeta , Terry James G. , Carr John J. , Silver Heidi , Wanjalla Celestine N. , Mashayekhi Mona , Lima Morgan , Woodward Beverly , Hannah LaToya , Fuseini Hubaida , Ferguson Jane F. , Kropski Jonathan A. , Koethe John R. 
Published: February 2022

Objective:Fat redistribution from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) to the abdominal viscera, pericardium, liver, and skeletal muscle contributes to the rising burden of cardiometabolic disease among persons with HIV (PWH). Previous studies found SAT inflammation in PWH impairs lipid storage and persists despite plasma viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this study, we identified SAT immune-related genes associated with ectopic fat deposition in PWH on long-term ART.Design and methods:A total of 92 PWH with well-controlled viremia underwent computed tomography imaging and abdominal SAT biopsy for gene expression analysis. SAT gene expression was measured using a NanoString panel of 255 immune-related genes. Associations between gene expression and computed tomography measurements of the volume and attenuation (radiodensity) of metabolically relevant ectopic fat depots were assessed using multivariable linear regression and network analysis.Results:Greater SAT volume was associated with higher visceral and pericardial adipose tissue volume, but lower skeletal muscle attenuation. Lower SAT attenuation, a measure of lipid content, was associated with lower visceral adipose tissue attenuation. Hierarchical clustering identified a subset of macrophage-related genes in SAT, includingCCL2,CCL22,CCL13,CCR1,CD86,CD163,IL-6,IL-10,MRC1, andTREM2, which were associated with an increased lipid deposition in multiple ectopic depots.Conclusion:Altered expression of macrophage-related genes in SAT is associated with differences in ectopic fat depot morphometrics among PWH on long-term ART, including in the pericardial and visceral compartments. These findings provide basis for future studies to assess host, virus, and treatment factors shaping the SAT immune environment and its effects on morphometric changes and metabolic comorbidities in PWH.
Ultrasound of the Normal and Abnormal Vas Deferens
Authors: Kerr Dana Middleton , Middleton William Dana 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The extrapelvic portion of the vas deferens is readily visible with ultrasound but often overlooked. Several publications have described the scanning technique and the normal anatomy of the vas deferens. Sonographic evaluation of the vas deferens provides critical information in the workup of male infertility. Obstruction, inflammatory conditions, and neoplasms of the vas deferens can also be diagnosed with ultrasound. Knowledge of the normal and abnormal appearance of the vas deferens improves scans of the scrotum and expands the conditions that can be recognized and accurately diagnosed with ultrasound.
Perioperative Outcomes of Laparoscopic Liver Resection and Risk Factors for Adverse Events
Authors: Wiboonkhwan Nan-ak , Thongkan Tortrakoon , Sangkhathat Surasak , Pruphetkaew Nannapat , Pitakteerabundit Thakerng 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
The perioperative outcomes and risk factors associated with adverse events (AEs) after initial laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) are unclear. We studied the outcomes of LLR and identified the predictive factors for AEs.

Materials and Methods:
Data from 100 adults who underwent LLR between April 2014 and February 2020 were reviewed. Baseline characteristics, surgery details, intraoperative data, and postoperative outcomes were tabulated. The AEs included conversion to open surgery, morbidity, and mortality.

Results:
Major and minor LLRs accounted for 16% and 84% of cases, respectively. Of the indications for LLR, 88% were malignancies. Conversion to open surgery was necessary for 7% of the patients, the overall morbidity rate was 21%, the major morbidity rate was 7%, and the 90-day mortality rate was 1%. Although the incidence of AEs was higher after major LLR (37.5%) than after minor LLR (21.4%), the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.095); the rate of AEs in the resection of posterosuperior segments (43.7%) did not significantly differ from that of the anteroinferior segments (19.2%; P=0.095). Multivariable analysis revealed that the significant predictors of AEs included American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class III (odds ratio, 5.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.74-19.1; P=0.003) and an operative time longer than 5 hours (odds ratio, 9.20; 95% confidence interval, 2.41-35.07; P<0.001).

Conclusion:
To improve outcomes in LLR, patients with ASA class III and those in whom surgery is expected to last longer than 5 hours should be taken into account for better patient selection.
Does a Cancer Diagnosis in Mid-to-Later Life Modify Racial Disparities in Memory Aging?
Authors: Eastman Marisa R. , Ospina-Romero Monica , Westrick Ashly C. , Kler Jasdeep S. , Glymour Medellena Maria , Abdiwahab Ekland , Kobayashi Lindsay C. 
Published: February 2022

Background:
It is unknown whether an incident cancer diagnosis differentially impacts acute and long-term memory aging between older White and Black Americans.

Methods:
Incident cancer diagnoses and memory (immediate and delayed recall, combined with proxy-reported memory) were assessed at biennial study interviews in the US Health and Retirement Study (N=14,235, 1998-2016). We used multivariable segmented linear mixed-effects models to evaluate the rate of change in standardized memory score (SD/decade) in the years before, acutely at the time of, and in the years following an incident cancer diagnosis, compared to cancer-free adults, by race.

Results:
Black participants experienced faster memory decline than White participants (cancer-free group: −1.211 vs. −1.077; P<0.0001). An incident cancer diagnosis was associated with an acute memory drop in White, but not Black participants (−0.065 vs. 0.024; P<0.0001). However, White cancer survivors experienced slower memory decline than cancer-free White adults before and after diagnosis, but this memory advantage was not observed among Black cancer survivors.

Conclusions:
Racial disparities in memory aging are not modified by an incident cancer diagnosis. The acute cancer-related memory decline and long-term memory advantage experienced by White, but not Black, cancer survivors relative to cancer-free older adults, requires further investigation.
Psychotic disorders amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a consideration of risks and impacts
Authors: Tan Eric Josiah , Neill Erica , Rossell Susan Lee 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe and widespread global impact but particularly for those with psychosis. This review summarizes recent evidence on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and psychotic disorders, highlighting the risks faced by these individuals including the negative impacts on treatment services, complications from contracting COVID-19, and the acceptability of digital interventions.

Recent findings
Mortality, morbidity, and infection outcomes are among the worst for individuals with psychotic disorders. Presentation rates for psychotic disorders are elevated at emergency departments compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic; demand for inpatient services has increased, and there have been complications in access because of pandemic restrictions. COVID-19 related stressors have led to the exacerbation and incidence of psychotic symptoms among individuals with and without preexisting psychotic diagnoses. Digital interventions may be an acceptable method for maintaining patient contact and treatment during extended isolation.

Summary
More data is needed on the longitudinal trajectory for psychotic symptoms post-COVID-19 infection and pandemic restrictions to better support individuals with psychotic disorders. Development of a long-term pandemic management plan is needed to monitor and support psychiatric health across the population.
What happens after early intervention in first-episode psychosis? Limitations of existing service models and an agenda for the future
Authors: Hyatt Andrew S. , Hasler Victoria , Wilner Emily K. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose of review
Early intervention in first-episode psychosis (FEP) improves symptomatic and functional outcomes while programs last. However, these gains may not be sustained over time and not all individuals benefit equally from such programs. This review examines the efficacy of FEP programs, as well as step-down practices and long-term outcomes to identify ways to extend the gains made in FEP programs.

Recent findings
FEP programs improve outcomes while services last, but effects diminish over time. Step-down and discharge practices vary widely with little randomized evidence guiding practice. Extending the duration of FEP programs for all does not consistently improve outcomes, but there is some encouraging evidence that targeted psychosocial interventions after program end may extend symptomatic and functional benefits. Members of marginalized groups and individuals with poorer outcomes during the FEP period may benefit from further specialized intervention after FEP.

Summary
Step down practices from FEP programs should be structured and tailored to individual needs, and benefit from sustained connections to community resources. Psychosocial interventions like social skills training, peer support, and supported education and employment may help extend the benefit of FEP programs after more intensive services end.
Palaeoecology of Cambrian–Ordovician acritarchs from China: evidence for a progressive invasion of the marine habitats
Authors: Shan Longlong , Yan Kui , Zhang Yuandong , Li Jun , Servais Thomas 
Published: February 2022

Palaeozoic acritarchs mostly represent organic-walled cysts of marine phytoplankton, and therefore, as primary producers, played an important role in the evolution of marine ecosystems. In this study, we use a selection of the most abundant acritarch taxa from the Cambrian and Ordovician of China to understand the evolution of the palaeoecological patterns of the phytoplankton over the period. The taxa are attributed to 40 easily distinguishable morphotypes, of which the precise palaeoenvironmental distribution from 60 localities is available. By placing the 40 morphotypes on inshore–offshore transects it can be concluded that acritarch microfloras were limited to inshore environments during the early Cambrian, and progressively extended from inshore environments to offshore marine habitats during the later parts of the Cambrian and towards the Early Ordovician, with a prominent shift near the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary, confirming the onset of the ‘Ordovician plankton revolution’. In addition, the acritarch morphotypes evolved from low-diversity assemblages in the early Cambrian, dominated by simple spherical forms with limited ornamentation and simple process structures, to highly diverse assemblages with very complex morphologies in the Early and Middle Ordovician. During the Ordovician, the complex acritarch assemblages occupied most marine habitats, with palaeoecological distribution patterns similar to modern dinoflagellates.This article is part of the theme issue ‘The impact of Chinese palaeontology on evolutionary research’.
Best Practices on Big Data Analytics to Address Sex-Specific Biases in our Understanding of the Etiology, Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diseases
Authors: Golder Su , O’Connor Karen , Wang Yunwen , Stevens Robin , Gonzalez-Hernandez Graciela 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA bias in health research to favor understanding of diseases as they present in men can have a grave impact on the health of women. This paper reports on a conceptual review of the literature that used machine learning or NLP techniques to interrogate big data for identifying sex-specific health disparities. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO in October 2021 using synonyms and indexing terms for (1) “women” or “men” or “sex,” (2) “big data” or “artificial intelligence” or “NLP”, and (3) “disparities” or “differences.” From 902 records, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Results demonstrate that the inclusion by sex is inconsistent and often unreported, although the inclusion of men in the included studies is disproportionately less than women. Even though AI and NLP techniques are widely applied in health research, few studies use them to take advantage of unstructured text to investigate sex-related differences or disparities. Researchers are increasingly aware of sex-based data bias, but the process towards correction is slow. We reflected on what would be the best practices on using big data analytics to address sex-specific biases in understanding the etiology, diagnosis, and prognosis of diseases.
Preferential activation of proprioceptive and cutaneous sensory fibers compared to motor fibers during cervical transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation: A computational study
Authors: de Freitas Roberto M. , Capogrosso Marco , Nomura Taishin , Milosevic Matija 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveCervical transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) is a promising technology that can support motor function recovery of upper-limbs after spinal cord injury. Its efficacy may depend on the ability to recruit sensory afferents and convey excitatory inputs onto motoneurons. Therefore, understanding its physiological mechanisms is critical to accelerate its development towards clinical applications. In this study, we used an anatomically realistic computational model of the cervical spine to compare α-motor, Aα-sensory, and Aβ-sensory fiber activation thresholds and activation sites.ApproachWe developed a tridimensional geometry of the cervical body and tSCS electrodes with a cathode centred at the C7 spinous process and an anode placed over the anterior neck. The geometrical model was used to estimate the electric potential distributions along motor and sensory fiber trajectories at the C7 spinal level using a finite element method. We implemented dedicated motor and sensory fiber models to simulate the α-motor and Aα-sensory fibers using 12, 16, and 20 μm diameter fibers, and Aβ-sensory fibers using 6, 9, and 12 μm diameter fibers. We estimated nerve fiber activation thresholds and sites for a 2 ms monophasic stimulating pulse and compared them across the fiber groups.Main resultsOur results showed lower activation thresholds of Aα- and Aβ-sensory fibers compared with α-motor fibers, suggesting preferential sensory fiber activation. We also found no differences between activation thresholds of Aα-sensory and large Aβ-sensory fibers, implying they were co-activated. The activation sites were located at the dorsal and ventral root levels.SignificanceUsing a realistic computational model, we demonstrated preferential activation of dorsal root Aα- and Aβ-sensory fibers compared with ventral root α-motor fibers during cervical tSCS. These findings suggest high proprioceptive and cutaneous contributions to neural activations during cervical tSCS, which inform the underlying mechanisms of upper-limb functional motor recovery.
Abnormal molecular signatures of inflammation, energy metabolism and vesicle biology in human Huntington disease peripheral tissues
Authors: Neueder Andreas , Kojer Kerstin , Hering Tanja , Lavery Daniel J. , Chen Jian , Birth Nathalie , Hallitsch Jaqueline , Trautmann Sonja , Parker Jennifer , Flower Michael , Sethi Huma , Haider Salman , Lee Jong-Min , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Orth Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundA major challenge in neurodegenerative diseases concerns identifying biological disease signatures that track with disease progression or respond to an intervention. Several clinical trials in Huntington disease (HD), an inherited, progressive neurodegenerative disease, are currently ongoing. Therefore, we examined whether peripheral tissues can serve as a source of readily accessible biological signatures at the RNA and protein level in HD patients.ResultsWe generated large, high-quality human datasets from skeletal muscle, skin and adipose tissue to probe molecular changes in human premanifest and early manifest HD patients – those most likely involved in clinical trials. In-depth single nucleotide polymorphism data across the HTT gene will facilitate the use of the generated primary- and iPSC cell lines in allele-specific targeting approaches. The analysis of the transcriptomics and proteomics data shows robust, stage-dependent dysregulation. Gene ontology analysis confirmed the involvement of inflammation and energy metabolism in peripheral HD pathogenesis. Furthermore, we observed changes in the homeostasis of extracellular vesicles, where we found consistent changes of genes and proteins involved in this process.ConclusionsOur ‘omics data document the involvement of inflammation, energy metabolism and extracellular vesicle homeostasis. This demonstrates the potential to identify biological signatures from peripheral tissues in HD suitable as biomarkers in clinical trials. Together with the primary cell lines established from peripheral tissues and a large panel of iPSC lines that can serve as human models of HD, the generated data are a valuable and unique resource to advance the current understanding of molecular mechanisms driving HD pathogenesis.
Uncovering the hologenomic basis of an extraordinary plant invasion
Authors: Bieker Vanessa C. , Battlay Paul , Petersen Bent , Sun Xin , Wilson Jonathan , Brealey Jaelle C. , Bretagnolle François , Nurkowski Kristin , Lee Chris , Owens Gregory L. , Lee Jacqueline Y. , Kellner Fabian L. , van Boheeman Lotte , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Gaudeul Myriam , Mueller-Schaerer Heinz , Karrer Gerhard , Chauvel Bruno , Sun Yan , Dalén Love , Poczai Péter , Rieseberg Loren H. , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Hodgins Kathryn A. , Martin Michael D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile invasive species are a key driver of the global biodiversity crisis, the drivers of invasiveness remain debated. To investigate the genomic basis of invasiveness in plants, we use the invasive weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia, introduced to Europe in the late 19th century, resequencing 655 ragweed genomes, including 308 herbarium specimens collected up to 190 years ago. In introduced European populations, we report selection signatures in defense genes and lower prevalence of particular plant pathogens in the invasive range. Together with temporal changes in population structure associated with introgression from closely related Ambrosia species, escape from microbial enemies likely favoured the plant’s remarkable success as an invasive species.One-Sentence SummaryThe invasive success of European ragweed was facilitated by release from enemy microbes and inter-species hybridization.