bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tough and Ultrastretchable Liquid‐Free Ion Conductor Strengthened by Deep Eutectic Solvent Hydrolyzed Cellulose Microfibers
Authors: Sun Xia , Zhu Yeling , Zhu Jiaying , Le Katherine , Servati Peyman , Jiang Feng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIon conductors (ICs) have gained extensive research interest in various advanced application scenarios including sensors, batteries, and supercapacitors. However, stretchable, tough, and long‐term stable ICs are still hard to achieve yet highly demanded. In this study, the authors propose a one‐pot green and sustainable fabrication of cellulose based ICs through polymerizable deep eutectic solvents treated cellulose followed by an in situ photo‐polymerization. The obtained ICs exhibit extremely high stretchability (3210 ± 302%), high toughness (13.17 ± 2.32 MJ m−3), high transparency, and self‐healing ability. Notably, the introduction of cellulose fibers greatly enhances the mechanical properties of ICs while eliminating the environmental concerns of traditional nanocellulose fabrication process. More importantly, the ICs possess good long‐term performance stability after 1 month storage. Due to these outstanding properties, the feasibility of applying ICs in human motion sensing and physiological signal detecting is demonstrated. This simple and green method will contribute to the development of tough, self‐healing, transparent, and long‐term stable ICs.
Rational Design of Coordination Bond Connected Metal Organic Frameworks/MXene Hybrids for Efficient Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Shi Litong , Wu Chongchong , Wang Yang , Dou Yuhai , Yuan Ding , Li Hui , Huang Hongwei , Zhang Yu , Gates Ian D. , Sun Xiaodong , Ma Tianyi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetal organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted great interest in photocatalysis, but their activity is hampered by the issue of severe carrier recombination. Here, through a carboxyl group assisted coordination route, MXene decorated with carboxyl groups provides chelation sites enabling coordination with UiO‐66‐NH2(Zr/Ti) (UZT) to fabricate a tightly connected UiO‐66‐NH2(Zr/Ti)/carboxyl‐functionalized MXene (UZT/CFMX) heterostructure. This is the first instance of direct chemical bonding of MOFs‐involved heterostructure via a coordination bond. The critical role of decorated carboxyl groups can be determined so that 1) these can help to establish a strong coordination bond between two materials; 2) act as bridge to promote the electrons transfer from MOFs to MXene, thus relieving carrier recombination, and 3) most interestingly, the carbon atom on the carboxyl group forms a bond with the oxygen from water stimulating the water to dissociate into OH* and H*, thus adding additional reaction pathways for promoting photocatalytic water splitting. Accordingly, the resulting UZT/CFMX shows efficient solar‐driven photocatalytic performance for water splitting. The H2 evolution rate is as high as 2187 µmol g−1 h−1, 20 times higher than that of UZT and 4 times higher than that of UiO‐66‐NH2 (Zr/Ti)/MXene (UZT/MX), also surpassing the majority of reported MOF‐based photocatalysts.
Decreasing the Overpotential of Aprotic Li‐CO2 Batteries with the In‐Plane Alloy Structure in Ultrathin 2D Ru‐Based Nanosheets
Authors: Wang Yunhao , Zhou Jingwen , Lin Chao , Chen Bo , Guan Zhiqiang , Ebrahim Amani M. , Qian Guannan , Ye Chenliang , Chen Lin , Ge Yiyao , Yun Qinbai , Wang Xixi , Zhou Xichen , Wang Gang , Li Kedi , Lu Pengyi , Ma Yangbo , Xiong Yuecheng , Wang Tianshuai , Zheng Long , Chu Shengqi , Chen Ye , Wang Bin , Lee Chun‐Sing , Liu Yijin , Zhang Qianfan , Fan Zhanxi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aprotic Li‐CO2 battery is emerging as a promising energy storage technology with the capability of CO2 fixation and conversion. However, its practical applications are still impeded by the large overpotential. Herein, the general synthesis of a series of ultrathin 2D Ru‐M (M = Co, Ni, and Cu) nanosheets by a facile one‐pot solvothermal method is reported. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the representative RuCo nanosheets are used as the cathode catalysts for Li‐CO2 batteries, which demonstrate a low charge voltage of 3.74 V, a small overpotential of 0.94 V, and hence a high energy efficiency of 75%. Ex/in situ studies and density functional theory calculations reveal that the excellent catalytic performance of RuCo nanosheets originates from the enhanced adsorption toward Li and CO2 during discharge as well as the elevated electron interaction with Li2CO3 during charge by the in‐plane RuCo alloy structure. This work indicates the feasibility of boosting the electrochemical performance of Li‐CO2 batteries by in‐plane metal alloy sites of ultrathin 2D alloy nanomaterials.
Graphite Nanosheets as Multifunctional Nanoinclusions to Boost the Thermoelectric Performance of the Shear‐Exfoliated Bi2O2Se
Authors: Pan Lin , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Song Chunchun , Liu Wei‐Di , Sun Qiang , Lu Chunhua , Liu Qingfeng , Wang Yifeng , Chen Zhi‐Gang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs an eco‐friendly oxide‐based thermoelectric material, Bi2O2Se exhibits considerable potential for practical device application, but its low electrical conductivity needs to be further improved to achieve higher thermoelectric performance. Here, a record‐high figure of merit, ZT of >0.7 at 773 K in the shear‐exfoliated nanostructured Bi2O2Se with graphite nanosheets as multifunctional secondary nanoinclusions, is achieved. The introduced graphite nanosheets regularize the arrangement of Bi2O2Se nanograins, strengthen the anisotropy, and act as the “expressway” to improve the electrical conductivity by simultaneously enhancing the electron carrier concentration and mobility of the hybrid materials, leading to a high power factor of ≈6.0 µW cm–1 K–2 at 773 K. Also, the liquid‐phase shear exfoliation refines both graphite and Bi2O2Se into nanosheets. Moreover, the as‐sintered hybrid bulk materials composed of these nanosheets possess dense grain and phase boundaries, as well as various lattice imperfections, such as lattice distortions and stacking faults formed by physical shearing, which can significantly scatter the phonons with different wavelengths and in turn contribute to a low thermal conductivity of only 0.63 W m–1 K–1 at 773 K, both contributing to a competitive ZT of ≈0.73 at this temperature, indicating the great potential for practical applications.
Portable Dual‐Modular Immunosensor Constructed from Bimetallic Metal–Organic Framework Heterostructure Grafted with Enzyme‐Mimicking Label for Rosiglitazone Detection
Authors: Qileng Aori , Liu Weipeng , Sun Ziqi , Zhou Weichi , Fang Yueping , Lei Hongtao , Liu Yingju , Zhang Shengsen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractImmunosensor with photoelectrochemistry and fluorescence responsibility is widely used in biomedical detection, health monitoring, and food safety inspection. The cumbersome configuration and low integration of the current immunosensors, however, have brought challenges for their practical applications. To address these challenges, a portable and phone‐APP controlled dual‐modular immunosensor based on a bimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF) heterostructured photoelectrode, ZnO/NiZn‐MOF/CdS, grafted with an enzyme‐mimicking Au@CuO/Cu2O label is constructed to achieve simultaneous photoelectrochemistry and fluorescence signage. In the electrode design, the construction of a bimetallic NiZn metal–organic framework (NiZn‐MOF) into the common ZnO/CdS photoresponsive structure achieves significant and stable photocurrent output under a very low‐power LED light source for not only accelerating the transfer of photogenerated electrons from CdS to ZnO, but also stabilizing the holes of CdS to improve its photocorrosion resistance. After the graft of multifunctional enzyme‐mimicking Au@CuO/Cu2O label clusters, a portable dual‐modular immunosensor is built for the detection of rosiglitazone, a common antidiabetic drug and strictly restricted food residual, over a range from 10−3 to 1 µg L−1. This MOF‐based immunosensor offers insights into highly sensitive dual‐modular responsive material innovations and provides miniaturized biomedical detectors with promising commercialization potentials.
Visualizing Atomically Layered Magnetism in CrSBr
Authors: Rizzo Daniel J. , McLeod Alexander S. , Carnahan Caitlin , Telford Evan J. , Dismukes Avalon H. , Wiscons Ren A. , Dong Yinan , Nuckolls Colin , Dean Cory R. , Pasupathy Abhay N. , Roy Xavier , Xiao Di , Basov D. N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract2D materials can host long‐range magnetic order in the presence of underlying magnetic anisotropy. The ability to realize the full potential of 2D magnets necessitates systematic investigation of the role of individual atomic layers and nanoscale inhomogeneity (i.e., strain) on the emergence of stable magnetic phases. Here, spatially dependent magnetism in few‐layer CrSBr is revealed using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and Monte Carlo‐based simulations. Nanoscale visualization of the magnetic sheet susceptibility is extracted from MFM data and force–distance curves, revealing a characteristic onset of both intra‐ and interlayer magnetic correlations as a function of temperature and layer‐thickness. These results demonstrate that the presence of a single uncompensated layer in odd‐layer terraces significantly reduces the stability of the low‐temperature antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase and gives rise to multiple coexisting magnetic ground states at temperatures close to the bulk Néel temperature (TN). Furthermore, the AFM phase can be reliably suppressed using modest fields (≈16 mT) from the MFM probe, behaving as a nanoscale magnetic switch. This prototypical study of few‐layer CrSBr demonstrates the critical role of layer parity on field‐tunable 2D magnetism and validates MFM for use in nanomagnetometry of 2D materials (despite the ubiquitous absence of bulk zero‐field magnetism in magnetized sheets).
Growth‐Related Formation Mechanism of I3‐Type Basal Stacking Fault in Epitaxially Grown Hexagonal Ge‐2H
Authors: Vincent Laetitia , Fadaly Elham M. T. , Renard Charles , Peeters Wouter H. J. , Vettori Marco , Panciera Federico , Bouchier Daniel , Bakkers Erik P. A. M , Verheijen Marcel A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe hexagonal‐2H crystal phase of Ge has recently emerged as a promising direct bandgap semiconductor in the mid‐infrared range providing new prospects of additional opto‐electronic functionalities of group‐IV semiconductors (Ge and SiGe). The controlled synthesis of such hexagonal‐2H Ge phase is a challenge that can be overcome by using wurtzite GaAs nanowires as a template. However, depending on growth conditions, unusual basal stacking faults (BSFs) of I3‐type are formed in the metastable 2H structure. The growth of such core/shell heterostructures is observed in situ and in real time by means of environmental transmission electron microscopy using chemical vapor deposition. The observations provide the first direct evidence of a step‐flow growth of Ge‐2H epilayers and reveal the growth‐related formation of I3‐BSFs during unstable growth. Their formation conditions are dynamically investigated. Through these in situ observations, a scenario can be proposed for the nucleation of I3‐type BSFs that is likely valid for any metastable hexagonal 2H or wurtzite structures grown on m‐plane substrates. Conditions are identified to avoid their formation for perfect crystalline synthesis of SiGe‐2H.
Amorphous WP‐Modified Hierarchical ZnIn2S4 Nanoflowers with Boosting Interfacial Charge Separation for Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Hao Xuqiang , Shao Yifan , Xiang Dingzhou , Jin Zhiliang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe morphology design and loading of cocatalyst are effective strategies to enhance the light absorption capacity and separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers. This work successfully fabricates amorphous tungsten phosphide (WP)/hierarchical ZnIn2S4 nanoflowers heterostructure (WP/ZnIn2S4) with boosting interfacial charge separation for photocatalytic H2 evolution. The maximum H2 production rate of 6178 µmol g–1 is achieved over 10% WP/ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst within 5 h, which is four times higher than that of pure ZnIn2S4. And a high photostability is also obtained. The enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity can be attributed to the synergistic effect of amorphous WP and hierarchical ZnIn2S4 nanoflowers. Amorphous WP as a cocatalyst can rapidly capture photogenerated electrons on the surface of ZnIn2S4, improving the separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. And the ZnIn2S4 microflower with ultrathin nanosheets structure exposes more surface sites to anchor amorphous WP nanoparticles, which provides more active sites for hydrogen evolution. Additionally, amorphous WP greatly increases the light absorption range and prolongs the fluorescence lifetime of ZnIn2S4. This work provides a new idea for designing an effective cocatalyst‐modified semiconductor to improve photocatalytic activity.
High Content Nanocellulose 3D‐Printed and Esterified Structures with Strong Interfacial Adhesion, High Mechanical Properties, and Shape Fidelity
Authors: Latif Muhammad , Jiang Yangxiaozhe , Kumar Bijender , Song Jong Min , Cho Hyeon Cheol , Kim Jaehwan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWood‐derived biopolymers such as nanocellulose are an attractive engineering material for 3D printing due to their abundance and environment‐friendliness, but their processing into complex structures remains challenging. The most challenging issues in 3D printing high cellulose content structures include printability, interfacial adhesion between layers, mechanical properties, and shape fidelity. Here, a simple and economical approach is presented to manufacture 3D structures by directly extruding high concentration nanocellulose (≈25.94 wt.%) paste cross‐linked with different citric acid (CA) contents. The CA, a green cross‐linker, is optimized in nanocellulose paste to cross‐link between cellulose layers substantially. Furthermore, esterification is achieved by heating the 3D‐printed structures at 140 °C for 20 min in a vacuum oven, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optimum CA content in nanocellulose paste (CNC:CA:CNF = 20:2:1) exhibits the flexural strength of 82.78 ± 2.79 MPa (128% improvement) and Young's modulus of 6.97 ± 0.38 GPa after 3D printing followed by esterification, which is the best achievement in nanocellulose 3D printing. In addition to the high mechanical strength, the shrinkage of the esterified 3D‐printed structures is below 9%, which demonstrates their high shape fidelity without any interfacial adhesion issues.
Interrogating the Effect of Assay Media on the Rate of Virus Inactivation of High‐Touch Copper Surfaces: A Materials Science Approach
Authors: Glover Carol F. , Miyake Tsuyoshi , Wallemacq Victor , Harris Jamie D. , Emery John , Engel Daniel A. , McDonnell Stephen J. , Scully John R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractContamination of high‐touch surfaces with infected droplets of bodily secretions is a known route of virus transmission. Copper surfaces have been reported to inactivate human coronaviruses after several minutes, via the release of Cu cations. Utilization of copper alloys for high‐touch surfaces can be a pivotal preemptive strategy for preventing the next pandemic. Understanding the true efficacy by which copper, and copper alloys, inactivate the virus under realistic conditions is essential for tuning intrinsic alloy features such as composition, grain orientation, and surface attributes, to optimize for antiviral function. However, virus inactivation measurements depend on the presence of an assay media (AM) solution as a carrier for the virus, and its effects on the surface properties of pure copper that regulate oxidative copper release are previously unknown. Herein, these properties and the influence of AM on the efficacy of virus inactivation occurring on the surface of pure copper are investigated. The process is uncovered by which a five‐fold decrease in virus half‐life is observed in simulated real‐life conditions, relative to exposure to traditional AM. The investigation highlights the notion that virus inactivation on copper surfaces may be significantly more effective than previously thought.
Designing with Circular Arc Toolpaths to Increase the Complexity of Melt Electrowriting
Authors: Xu Huaizhong , Liashenko Ievgenii , Lucchetti Agnese , Du Lei , Dong Yubing , Zhao Defang , Meng Jie , Yamane Hideki , Dalton Paul D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMelt electrowriting (MEW) is an additive manufacturing technology that fabricates high‐resolution objects. Printing curved and complex patterns, however, requires additional attention and planning to achieve accurate fiber placement. In this context, the jet speed, as measured by the critical translation speed (CTS), is found to be an essential factor for accurately direct‐writing complex nonlinear patterns. When the jet and the translation speed match, the vertical jet better approximates the tool path when the printing is nonlinear. As demonstrated here, the entire printed structure gradually deforms when the jet lag increases. For the first time with MEW, circular arc toolpaths are focused on to expand the design complexity, and there is evidence that the resolution is further improved by printing slightly under the CTS. When using such circular arc toolpaths, inwards tilting of the fiber walls can be observed and can be corrected with microscale layer shifting, shown with scaffolds based on knitting‐type designs. The combination of printing at the CTS with circular arcs increases the manufacturing complexity of curved patterns and has implications for the design and utility of MEW.
Air‐Stable Ultra‐Flexible Organic Photonic System for Cardiovascular Monitoring
Authors: Yokota Tomoyuki , Shirayama Iwao , Kuwada Kenji , Koizumi Mari , Yukita Wakako , Morii Katsuyuki , Fukagawa Hirohiko , Shimizu Takahisa , Fukuda Kenjiro , Someya Takao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUltra‐flexible organic optical devices are increasingly attracting attention as devices for medical and healthcare applications because they can be directly attached to the skin and continuously monitor biological information in humans noninvasively. However, integrating different optical devices on the same ultra‐flexible substrate is difficult owing to the instability of the devices. In this study, the stability of ultra‐flexible organic light‐emitting diodes and photodiodes is successfully improved using an inverted structure that does not employ atmospherically unstable cathode materials. Furthermore, an ultra‐flexible organic pulse wave sensor is developed by integrating an organic light‐emitting diode and an organic photodiode on the same substrate.
H2S‐Responsive Small‐Molecule Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery to Colorectal Tumors
Authors: Long Kaiqi , Yang Yang , Du Zhanfeng , Kang Weirong , Lv Wen , Li Yafei , Xie Yusheng , Sun Hongyan , Zhan Changyou , Wang Weiping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous signaling molecule, is excessively produced in disease lesions like lung tumors and colorectal tumors. H2S is used as a trigger for stimuli‐responsive drug delivery in cancer therapies, which enables controlled release of chemotherapeutics and improves their biocompatibility and efficacy. Herein, a H2S‐responsive small‐molecule nanocarrier is developed based on the self‐assembly of a trigonal molecule, tris(azido benzyl)‐tri(2‐aminoethyl) amine (ATAEA). ATAEA with three H2S‐responsive azido benzyl groups can self‐assemble into nanocarriers (ATNPs) and encapsulate hydrophobic doxorubicin (DOX) to form drug‐loaded nanoparticles (DOX/ATNPs). H2S induces the reduction of azido benzyl group and 1,6‐elimination, which results in the dissociation of the ATAEA molecules and the nanoparticles. In HCT116 colon cancer cells, efficient H2S‐responsive DOX release from DOX/ATNPs is observed. In vivo administration of DOX/ATNPs in colon tumor‐bearing mice leads to higher drug accumulation in tumors and evident tumor growth inhibition, in comparison with non‐responsive nanoparticles. This work provides a new strategy to develop H2S‐responsive drug delivery systems for precise drug delivery to H2S‐enriched disease lesions.
In Situ Detection of Kidney Organoid Generation From Stem Cells Using a Simple Electrochemical Method
Authors: Suhito Intan Rosalina , Kim Jin Won , Koo Kyeong‐Mo , Nam Sun Ah , Kim Yong Kyun , Kim Tae‐Hyung 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganoids that mimic the structural and cellular characteristics of kidneys in vitro have recently emerged as a promising source for biomedical research. However, uncontrollable cellular heterogeneity after differentiation often results in the generation of off‐target cells, one of the most challenging issues in organoid research. This study proposes a new method that enables the real‐time assessment of kidney organoids derived from stem cells. When placed on a conductive surface, these organoids generate unique electrochemical signals at ≈0.3 V with intensities proportional to the amount of kidney‐specific cell types. Off‐target cells (i.e., non‐kidney cells) produce an electrical signature at 0 V that is distinguishable from other surrounding cell types, enabling non‐destructive assessment of both the differentiation, and maturation levels of kidney organoids. The developed platform can be applied to other types of organoids and is thus highly promising as a tool for organoid‐based drug screening, toxicity assessment, and therapeutics.
Thin Film Magnetoelectric Sensors Toward Biomagnetism: Materials, Devices, and Applications
Authors: Dong Cunzheng , Liang Xianfeng , Gao Jingya (Lilyn) , Chen Huaihao , He Yifan , Wei Yuyi , Zaeimbashi Mohsen , Matyushov Alexei , Sun Changxing , Sun Nian X. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSince the discovery of strong magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in two‐phase ME laminate composites, strain mediated ME heterostructures have found practical applications in magnetic sensors, tunable inductors, tunable filters, miniaturized antennas, magnetic memories, and nanoscale motors. Thin film ME sensors, in particular, have become promising candidates in biomagnetic sensing, due to their high sensitivity, CMOS compatibility, room temperature operation, and high spatial resolution. In this article, an overview is presented on different types of thin film ME sensors and their applications in biomagnetic measurement. First, the coupling structures, materials selection, and fabrication processes are introduced. Three different mechanisms of recently emerged ME sensors, including the magnetic modulation, electrical modulation, and delta‐E effect are presented. Their performance and noise analysis are also compared and discussed. Finally, real‐time applications of ME sensors in the detection of magnetic fields from different part of human body are presented and discussed. The review concludes with an outlook on future perspectives and challenges of thin film ME sensors for biomagnetic applications.