bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and structure of the endangered lady's slipper orchid Cypripedium japonicum Thunb. (Orchidaceae) in Japan
Authors: Yamashita Yumi , Satoh Natsuki , Kurosawa Takahide , Kaneko Shingo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCypripedium japonicum Thunb. (Orchidaceae), once a common perennial herb, is now designated as endangered throughout most of its distribution due to habitat destruction and fragmentation, and the impacts of horticultural collection. We investigated the genetic characteristics of this species for conservation purposes, using microsatellite markers to examine the genetic diversity and structure of 15 native and 5 ex situ populations in Japan. The results imply that although allelic variation is low in Japanese C. japonicum, sexual reproduction by seed, as well as clonal propagation, may occur in some populations. Both native and ex situ populations were found to be genetically differentiated, indicating that some populations may have experienced recent population declines, genetic fragmentation, or bottlenecks. The degree of genetic drift from the putative ancestral population, inferred through STRUCTURE analysis, was more pronounced in northern populations than in southern populations. Some of the ex situ conserved populations exhibited a low degree of differentiation from ancestral native populations. Our results imply that conservation of C. japonicum in Japan is best supported by maintaining individual populations and their unique genetic characteristics.
Evaluating the Use of Glucocorticoids Among Belimumab‐Treated Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Real‐World Settings Using the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness Registry
Authors: Hammam Nevin , Evans Michael , Bell Christopher F. , Gairy Kerry , Yazdany Jinoos , Schmajuk Gabriela 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveGlucocorticoids are part of standard therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), despite adverse effects associated with long‐term treatment. Belimumab improved clinical manifestations of SLE and reduced glucocorticoid doses in clinical trials and clinical practice; however, associations have not been examined using multi‐institutional electronic health record (EHR) data. Using the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness registry, we examined glucocorticoid use patterns among belimumab‐treated adults with SLE.MethodsThis retrospective analysis (GSK Study 209267) used EHR prescription records of patients with SLE managed by rheumatologists. Eligible patients had an index date (first belimumab prescription) between January 2014 and June 2018. The primary analysis compared patients' mean daily oral glucocorticoid (prednisone equivalent) dose over the 6 months preindex versus 6 months post index. An exploratory analysis assessed glucocorticoid doses at 12 and 24 months post index for patients with extended follow‐up.ResultsOf the 1987 patients receiving their first belimumab prescription, 767 had available glucocorticoid prescribing data, whereas 204 (primary analysis population) had glucocorticoids prescribed in the 6 months preindex and received belimumab according to the prescribing information for the first 8 weeks post index. The mean (SD) glucocorticoid dose was 12.5 (13.5) mg/day 3 months preindex, reducing to 10.3 (10.6) mg/day over the 6 months post index, and 8.7 (9.4) and 9.0 (9.3) mg/day at 12 and 24 months post index.ConclusionThis study showed reductions in mean daily glucocorticoid dose after belimumab initiation. Several limitations of EHRs for real‐world effectiveness research were identified, which limited interpretation of results and may inform future study designs.
The Problem of Pain in Rheumatology: Clinical Profiles Associated With Concomitant Diagnoses With Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions
Authors: Falasinnu Titilola , Nguyen Thy , Jiang Tiffany En , Chaichian Yashaar , Rector Amadeia , Darnall Beth D. , Mackey Sean , Simard Julia F. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe chronification of pain is heterogeneous in rheumatology. Chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs) such as fibromyalgia, endometriosis, migraine, and back pain may co‐occur with one another and in rheumatic diseases. We describe the sociodemographic and clinical profiles associated with concomitant COPCs among patients with rheumatic diseases.MethodsWe retrospectively identified patients visiting rheumatology clinics at a single institution from 2010 to 2020 for five common rheumatic conditions: psoriatic arthritis (PsA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren syndrome (SjS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and systemic sclerosis (SSc). We compared sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors by rheumatic condition and by COPC status. We also report sex‐stratified diagnosis of COPCs. The primary outcome was diagnostic validation of one or more COPCs.ResultsWe identified 5992 rheumatology patients: 846 with PsA, 2605 with RA, 956 with SjS, 975 with SLE, and 610 with SSc. Approximately 36–62% of patients had a concomitant COPC diagnosis. Patients with SjS had the highest prevalence (62%). Diagnosis of one or more COPCs was highest among Black patients and lowest among Asian patients. Patients using public insurance had a higher prevalence of one or more COPCs compared with those with private insurance. Patients with one or more COPCs had more depression and anxiety and more frequent emergency department visits, surgeries, and hospitalizations.ConclusionOur findings suggest that COPCs are strikingly common among patients with rheumatic disease and are associated with lower quality of life and greater health care needs. Future research may elucidate drivers of chronic pain and how to best address the unique analgesic needs of this multimorbid population.
Unique Step‐Scheme Heterojunction Photoelectrodes for Dual‐Utilization of Light and Chemical Neutralization Energy in Switchable Dual‐Mode Batteries
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Li Yuan , Yang Meijia , Liu Cong , Li Jing , Yu Dingshan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHere, a unique step‐scheme (S‐scheme) heterojunction array involving C4N and aligned TiO2 nanorods, namely C4N@TiO2NR, is explored as an advanced photoelectrode for developing an innovative acid–base/Zn–air hybrid cell capable of harvesting light and chemical neutralization energy (CNE) in one integrated system to boost the charge/discharge performance. The properly staggered band arrangement with a built‐in electric field in C4N@TiO2NR induces an S‐type charge migration path to ensure superior redox ability of photogenerated carriers with efficient spatial separation. This coupled with the structural merits of 3D hierarchical arrays enables remarkable photocurrent response and facilitates oxygen evolution kinetics upon irradiation. Paring this heterojunction photoelectrode with an alkaline Zn electrode and an acidic air electrode produces a light and CNE dual‐assisted cell with two switchable modes of light‐assisted acid‐base/air battery (LABAB) and acid‐base battery (LAB). By capturing light during charge and CNE during discharge, LABAB breaks the limit of the equilibrium potential (1.65 V) of conventional Zn–air batteries (ZABs) to deliver impressive charge/discharge voltages of 0.43/2.02 and 0.87/1.86 V at 0.1 and 10 mA cm−2, superior to all reported ZABs. respectively. When LABAB is switched to LAB, it can harvest light and CNE simultaneously to afford markedly increased output voltage relative to common acid–base batteries.
Generation of Human iPSC‐Derived Neurons on Nanowire Arrays Featuring Varying Lengths, Pitches, and Diameters
Authors: Harberts Jann , Siegmund Malte , Hedrich Carina , Kim Wonjong , Fontcuberta i Morral Anna , Zierold Robert , Blick Robert H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNanowire (NW) arrays interfaced with biological cells have been demonstrated to be potent tools for advanced applications such as sensing, stimulation, or drug delivery. Many implementations, however, have so far only been studied with rather robust basic cell models. Here, the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived neurons is presented on various types of NW arrays. Specifically, combinations of three NW lengths (1, 3, and 5 µm), three array pitches (1, 3, and 5 µm), and two NW diameters (thin/thick pairs, 270–600 nm/590–1070 nm) are being utilized. The cell/NW interactions range from fakir‐like states to NW‐encapsulating states depending on the array characteristics. The cultures show equal proportions of neuronal marker‐positive cells after 8–9 days of terminal differentiation on the NW arrays (14–15 days in total) compared to planar controls. In addition, the neurons are functional with similar kinetics of the action potentials highlighting the equivalence of the NW arrays for neuronal differentiation. In the future, stem cell research and regenerative medicine might substantially benefit from further functionalized NW arrays enabling the well‐established mechanisms such as NW‐mediated in vitro gene editing or intracellular delivery of biomolecules to further control and/or to enhance neuronal differentiation.
Organic Solar Cell With Efficiency Over 20% and VOC Exceeding 2.1 V Enabled by Tandem With All‐Inorganic Perovskite and Thermal Annealing‐Free Process
Authors: Gu Xiaoyu , Lai Xue , Zhang Yuniu , Wang Teng , Tan Wen Liang , McNeill Christopher R. , Liu Qian , Sonar Prashant , He Feng , Li Wenhui , Shan Chengwei , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) based on polymer donor and non‐fullerene acceptor achieve power conversion efficiency (PCE) more than 19% but their poor absorption below 550 nm restricts the harvesting of high‐energy photons. In contrast, wide bandgap all‐inorganic perovskites limit the absorption of low‐energy photons and cause serious below bandgap loss. Therefore, a 2‐terminal (2T) monolithic perovskite/organic tandem solar cell (TSC) incorporating wide bandgap CsPbI2Br is demonstrated as front cell absorber and organic PM6:Y6 blend as rear cell absorber, to extend the absorption of OSCs into high‐energy photon region. The perovskite sub‐cell, featuring a sol–gel prepared ZnO/SnO2 bilayer electron transporting layer, renders a high open‐circuit voltage (VOC). The VOC is further enhanced by employing thermal annealing (TA)‐free process in the fabrication of rear sub‐cell, demonstrating a record high VOC of 2.116 V. The TA‐free Ag/PFN‐Br interface in organic sub‐cell facilitates charge transport and restrains nonradiative recombination. Consequently, a remarkable PCE of 20.6% is achieved in monolithic 2T‐TSCs configuration, which is higher than that of both reported single junction and tandem OSCs, demonstrating that tandem with wide bandgap all‐inorganic perovskite is a promising strategy to improve the efficiency of OSCs.
Kinetic modeling of simultaneous polycondensation and free radical polymerization for polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate) interpenetrating polymer network
Authors: Jin Jie , Zhou Yin‐Ning , Luo Zheng‐Hong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA comprehensive kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm has been developed to investigate the formation process of a polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PU/PMMA) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), in which a component independent strategy is proposed to perform the simulation of simultaneous polycondensation and free radical polymerization. An empiric diffusion model based on the mass fraction of polymer is used to quantify the effect of diffusional limitations on MMA polymerization. Results show that the presence of acrylic monomers has little impact on the formation rate of PU, but the presence of the PU network can accelerate the polymerization of MMA. In addition, the effects of component mass ratio, acrylic cross‐linker concentration, and [NCO]/[OH] ratio on the IPN formation kinetics are investigated based on the kinetic model. It is believed that the as‐developed modeling strategy can be extended to other IPN systems and provide a better understanding of the interactions between chemically independent networks.
WDR35 variants in a cranioectodermal dysplasia patient with early onset end‐stage renal disease and retinal dystrophy
Authors: Walczak‐Sztulpa Joanna , Wawrocka Anna , Sikora Weronika , Pawlak Marta , Bukowska‐Olech Ewelina , Kopaczewski Bartłomiej , Urzykowska Agnieszka , Arts Heleen H. , Gotz‐Więckowska Anna , Grenda Ryszard , Latos‐Bieleńska Anna , Glazar Renata 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCranioectodermal dysplasia (CED) is rare heterogeneous condition. It belongs to a group of disorders defined as ciliopathies and is associated with defective cilia function and structure. To date six genes have been associated with CED. Here we describe a 4‐year‐old male CED patient whose features include dolichocephaly, multi‐suture craniosynostosis, epicanthus, frontal bossing, narrow thorax, limb shortening, and brachydactyly. The patient presented early‐onset chronic kidney disease and was transplanted at the age of 2 years and 5 months. At the age of 3.5 years a retinal degeneration was diagnosed. Targeted sequencing by NGS revealed the presence of compound heterozygous variants in the WDR35 gene. The variants are a novel missense change in exon 9 p.(Gly303Arg) and a previously described nonsense variant in exon 18 p.(Leu641*). Our findings suggest that patients with WDR35 defects may be at risk to develop early‐onset retinal degeneration. Therefore, CED patients with pathogenic variation in this gene should be assessed at least once by the ophthalmologist before the age of 4 years to detect early signs of retinal degeneration.
Elevated Plasma Phosphorylated Tau 181 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Cousins Katheryn A. Q. , Shaw Leslie M. , Shellikeri Sanjana , Dratch Laynie , Rosario Luis , Elman Lauren B. , Quinn Colin , Amado Defne A. , Wolk David A. , Tropea Thomas F. , Chen‐Plotkin Alice , Irwin David J. , Grossman Murray , Lee Edward B. , Trojanowski John Q. , McMillan Corey T. 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivePlasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau181) is reliably elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but less explored is its specificity relative to other neurodegenerative conditions. Here, we find novel evidence that plasma p‐tau181 is elevated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative condition typically lacking tau pathology. We performed a detailed evaluation to identify the clinical correlates of elevated p‐tau181 in ALS.MethodsPatients were clinically or pathologically diagnosed with ALS (n = 130) or AD (n = 79), or were healthy non‐impaired controls (n = 26). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed and area under the curve (AUC) was used to discriminate AD from ALS. Within ALS, Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon tests compared analytes by presence/absence of upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron (LMN) signs. Spearman correlations tested associations between plasma p‐tau181 and postmortem neuron loss.ResultsA Wilcoxon test showed plasma p‐tau181 was higher in ALS than controls (W = 2,600, p = 0.000015), and ROC analyses showed plasma p‐tau181 poorly discriminated AD and ALS (AUC = 0.60). In ALS, elevated plasma p‐tau181 was associated with LMN signs in cervical (W = 827, p = 0.0072), thoracic (W = 469, p = 0.00025), and lumbosacral regions (W = 851, p = 0.0000029). In support of LMN findings, plasma p‐tau181 was associated with neuron loss in the spinal cord (rho = 0.46, p = 0.017), but not in the motor cortex (p = 0.41). Cerebrospinal spinal fluid p‐tau181 and plasma neurofilament light chain were included as reference analytes, and demonstrate specificity of findings.InterpretationWe found strong evidence that plasma p‐tau181 is elevated in ALS and may be a novel marker specific to LMN dysfunction. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:807–818
Neuartige Poxin‐stabile cGAMP‐Derivate als bemerkenswerte STING‐Agonisten
Authors: Stazzoni Samuele , Böhmer Daniel F. R. , Hernichel Fabian , Özdemir Dilara , Pappa Aikaterini , Drexler David , Bauernfried Stefan , Witte Gregor , Wagner Mirko , Veth Simon , Hopfner Karl‐Peter , Hornung Veit , König Lars M. , Carell Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract2′,3′‐cGAMP ist ein zyklischer A‐ und G‐haltiger Dinukleotid‐Botenstoff, der bei der zellulären Erkennung fremder zytosolischer DNA als Teil der angeborenen Immunantwort gebildet wird. Das Molekül bindet an das Adapterprotein STING, welches eine Immunantwort auslöst, die durch die Produktion von Typ‐I‐Interferonen und Zytokinen gekennzeichnet ist. Die Entwicklung von STING‐bindenden Molekülen mit sowohl agonistischen als auch antagonistischen Eigenschaften ist derzeit von großem Interesse, um einerseits eine antitumorale oder antivirale Immunantwort zu induzieren bzw. zu verstärken und andererseits Autoimmunerkrankungen zu behandeln. Um der Erkennung durch das angeborene Wirtsimmunsystem zu entgehen, kodieren einige Viren Poxin‐Endonukleasen, die in der Lage sind 2′,3′‐cGAMP zu spalten. Hier berichten wir, dass Didesoxy‐2′,3′‐cGAMP (1) und dessen Analoga eine Gruppe von Poxin‐stabilen STING‐Agonisten bilden. Trotz ihrer geringeren Affinität zu STING weist insbesondere die aus zwei A‐Nukleosiden aufgebaute Verbindung Didesoxy‐2′,3′‐cAAMP (2) eine ungewöhnlich hohe Antitumorreaktion bei Mäusen auf.
Catalytic Applications of Non‐Centrosymmetric Oxide Nanomaterials
Authors: Amaechi Ifeanyichukwu C. , Hadj Youssef Azza , Dörfler Andreas , González Yoandris , Katoch Rajesh , Ruediger Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNoble‐metal‐free catalytic nanoparticles hold the promise being abundant, low‐cost materials having a small environmental footprint and excellent performance, albeit inferior to that of noble metal counterparts. Several materials have a long‐standing history of success in photocatalysis, in particular titanium dioxide, and in recent years more complex oxides and added functionality have emerged with enhanced performance. We will discuss different approaches related to the use of non‐centrosymmetric and polar oxide nanoparticles and how the bulk photovoltaic effect, piezoelectricity, and pyroelectricity add to photocatalysis and tribocatalysis. We pay special attention to discriminate between the role of free versus that of bound charges within the catalyst, which is crucial to disentangle the different contributions to the catalytic reaction for the benefit of the overall enhanced catalytic performance in e.g. wastewater treatment and ultimately water‐splitting.
Synthesis of Hydrofluoroolefin‐Based Iodonium Reagent via Dyotropic Rearrangement and Its Utilization in Fluoroalkylation
Authors: Csenki János T. , Tóth Balázs L. , Béke Ferenc , Varga Bálint , P. Fehér Péter , Stirling András , Czégény Zsuzsanna , Bényei Attila , Novák Zoltán 
Published: July 2022

Abstract[1,2]‐shift of atoms in alkyl fragments belongs to the class of dyotropic rearrangements. Various atoms, including halogens can be involved in the migration, however participation of iodine is unprecedented. Herein, we report our experimental and DFT studies on the oxidation triggered dyotropic rearrangement of iodo and chloro functions via butterfly‐type transition state to demonstrate the migrating ability of λ3‐iodane centre. With the exploitation of dyotropic rearrangement we designed and synthesized a novel fluoroalkyl iodonium reagent from industrial feedstock gas HFO‐1234yf. We demonstrated that the hypervalent reagent serves as an excellent fluoroalkylation agent for various amines and nitrogen heterocycles.
Characterization of chitosan/polyethylenimine film layer as a novel anti‐fog coating surface
Authors: Türk Serbülent 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAnti‐fog surfaces have an important place in many areas of daily life. In this study, hybrid coatings of anti‐fog chitosan (CHI) and polyethyleneimine (PI) were realized as an innovative film layer. CHI/PI hybrid coatings, produced by the drop‐casting method, which is a practical and one‐stage deposition process, were coated on the glass and safety glasses substrates. It has been analyzed that the optimum CHI/PI coating is 2:3 (v/v) mixing ratio, which has a contact angle of 4.9°, a hydrodynamic radius of 5.67 nm, and zeta potential of 38.8 mV. It was analyzed that the coating was successfully performed on the surface by FTIR analysis. It was observed that the coating surfaces were obtained as homogeneous and smooth with FESEM and surface profilometer analyzes. Both steam and cold fog tests were carried out to determine the anti‐fogging properties of different surfaces after coating. After the anti‐fog tests, the CHI/PI coating had high‐transmittance values in the range of 85.9% and 84.6%. After the coatings were exposed to hot‐cold environment cycles and subjected to long‐term stability testing, the coatings retained their anti‐fog properties.
Photocatalytic Addition Reactions of Ketene Silyl Acetals with Alkenes through Formation of α‐Carbonyl Radicals
Authors: Hirata Tsubasa , Ogasawara Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Shū , Yamashita Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAddition reactions of ketene silyl acetals with alkenes that do not have an electron‐withdrawing group are generally difficult because the nucleophilicity of ketene silyl acetals and the electrophilicity of alkenes are not sufficient. Herein, we report photocatalytic addition reactions of ketene silyl acetals with alkenes that proceed through formation of α‐carbonyl radicals. In the presence of an appropriate protic additive, the reactions proceeded smoothly under blue‐light irradiation to afford the desired products in moderate to high yields.
Abbruchstatik nach VDI‐Richtlinie 6210 Blatt 9 – Erläuterungen und Anwendungsbeispiel
Authors: Harte Reinhard , Andres Matthias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBei der Beseitigung einer baulichen Anlage erhebt sich häufig die Frage, in welchen Fällen die Standsicherheit des Bauwerks in den einzelnen Abbruchstadien nachzuweisen ist, d. h., ob eine Abbruch‐ bzw. Rückbaustatik notwendig wird oder nicht. Hierzu hat der Verein Deutscher Ingenieure VDI die Richtlinie VDI 6210 Blatt 9 herausgegeben, über die hier berichtet werden soll. Die praktische Anwendung der Richtlinie wird anhand eines spektakulären Projekts vorgestellt, der emissionsarmen Beseitigung des Naturzugkühlturms des ehemaligen Kernkraftwerks Mülheim‐Kärlich.
Tools for simultaneous online and in‐person teaching in a Linear Circuit Analysis subject
Authors: Fernández César , Vicente M. Asunción 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring the first semester of 2020–2021, classes for Linear Circuit Analysis subjects (Mechanical Engineering Degree, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Spain) were taught in a dual way because of the COVID‐19 pandemic: students were able to attend in‐person or online, as long as the in‐person attendance limit was not surpassed. The same strategy was used for exams: each student decided whether to take the exam in‐person or online. Specific software tools were used for the in‐advance seat reservation and simultaneous online and in‐person class attendance, and examination tools and strategies, with a special emphasis on avoiding online cheating. Online attendance was preferred by students (averaging 64.9% of global attendance for lectures and 84.5% for exams), with abrupt increases during the worst episodes of the pandemic. Video recordings of the lectures were made available to all of the students, with the most viewed video being accessed over 200 times. Concerning evaluation, no statistically significant differences were found between in‐person or online average examination marks (p = .133), which may be an indicator of low online cheating. Student feedback showed their satisfaction with the dual teaching strategy, despite their initial doubts at the beginning of the course.