bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Income, urbanisation and consumption of processed foods: Implications for nutrition and health policies for India
Authors: Mottaleb Khondoker Abdul , Mishra Ashok K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIndia has witnessed a rapid rise in personal income, increased spending on infrastructure and construction and urbanisation in the past three decades. Households have changed their eating habits by purchasing more processed food. This study examines the factors affecting India's consumption of and expenditures on processed foods. The study uses information from three rounds of data collected by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) and probit and selection bias‐controlled tobit and ordinary least square (OLS) estimation procedures to estimate the empirical model. Findings reveal that the average expected per capita monthly spending on processed foods increased by about 77% between 1990–1991 and 2011–2012. An increase in total consumption expenditure and rapid urbanisation were the primary drivers of consumption and spending on processed foods by Indian households. Secondly, households with salaried or stable incomes were more likely to consume processed foods than other households. This study suggests public and private initiatives to improve human health and nutritional outcomes in Indian households. The government should strengthen food safety regulations related to processed food preparation, distribution and consumption.
MRI for the Detection of Small Bowel Ischemic Injury in Arterial Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: Preclinical Study in a Porcine Model
Authors: Garzelli Lorenzo , Felli Eric , Al‐Taher Mahdi , Barberio Manuel , Agnus Vincent , Plaforet Vincent , Bonvalet Fanny , Baiocchini Andrea , Nuzzo Alexandre , Paulatto Luisa , Vilgrain Valérie , Gallix Benoit , Diana Michele , Ronot Maxime 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundMRI is the reference for the diagnosis of arterial cerebral ischemia, but its role in acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is poorly known.PurposeTo assess MRI detection of early ischemic bowel lesions in a porcine model of arterial AMI.Study TypeProspective/cohort.Animal ModelPorcine model of arterial AMI obtained by embolization of the superior mesenteric artery (seven pigs).Field Strength/SequenceA 5‐T. T1 gradient‐echo‐weighted‐imaging (WI), half‐Fourier‐acquisition‐single‐shot‐turbo‐spin‐echo, T2 turbo‐spin‐echo, true‐fast‐imaging‐with‐steady‐precession (True‐FISP), diffusion‐weighted‐echo‐planar (DWI).AssessmentT1‐WI, T2‐WI, and DWI were performed before and continuously after embolization for 6 hours. The signal intensity (SI) of the ischemic bowel was assessed visually and quantitatively on all sequences. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was assessed.Statistical TestsPaired Student's t‐test or Mann–Whitney U‐test, significance at P < 0.05.ResultsOne pig died from non‐AMI‐related causes. The remaining pigs underwent a median 5 h53 (range 1 h24–6 h01) of ischemia. Visually, the ischemic bowel showed signal hyperintensity on DWI‐b800 after a median 85 (57–276) minutes compared to the nonischemic bowel. DWI‐b800 SI significantly increased after 2 hours (+19%) and the ADC significant decrease within the first hour (−31%). The ischemic bowel was hyperintense on precontrast T1‐WI after a median 87 (70–171) minutes with no significant quantitative changes over time (P = 0.46–0.93). The ischemic bowel was hyperintense on T2‐WI in three pigs with a significant SI increase on True‐FISP after 1 and 2 hours.Data ConclusionChanges in SI and ADC can be seen early after the onset of arterial AMI with DWI. The value of T2‐WI appears to be limited.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Cell‐to‐cell transmission of HIV‐1 from provirus‐activated cells to resting naïve and memory human primary CD4 T cells is highly efficient and requires CD4 and F‐actin but not chemokine receptors
Authors: Lan Jie , Li Wei , Yu Richard , Syed Fahim , Yu Qigui 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLatently infected cells harboring replication‐competent proviruses represent a major barrier to HIV‐1 cure. One major effort to purge these cells has focused on developing the “shock and kill” approach for forcing provirus reactivation to induce cell killing by viral cytopathic effects, host immune responses, or both. We conducted kinetic and mechanistic studies of HIV‐1 protein expression, virion production, and cell‐to‐cell virus transmission during provirus reactivation. Provirus‐activated ACH‐2 cells stimulated with romidepsin (RMD) or PMA produced Nef early, and then Env and Gag in parallel with the appearance of virions. Env on the surface of provirus‐activated cells and cellular F‐actin were critical in the formation of virological synapses to mediate cell‐to‐cell transmission of HIV‐1 from provirus‐activated cells to uninfected cells. This HIV‐1 cell‐to‐cell transmission was substantially more efficient than transmission seen via cell‐free virus spread and required F‐actin remodeling and CD4, but not chemokine receptors. Resting human primary CD4+ T cells including naïve and memory subpopulations and, especially the memory CD4+ T cells, were highly susceptible to HIV‐1 infection via cell‐to‐cell transmission. Cell‐to‐cell transmission of HIV‐1 from provirus‐activated cells was profoundly decreased by protease inhibitors (PIs) and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that recognize the CD4‐binding site (CD4bs) such as VRC01, but not by reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor Emtricitabine (FTC). Therefore, our results suggest that PIs with potent blocking abilities should be used in clinical application of the “shock and kill” approach, most likely in combination with CD4bs nAbs, to prevent new HIV‐1 infections.
Design of SSG‐1 gate‐based cost‐efficient reversible digital circuits using quantum‐dot cellular automata technology
Authors: Bhat Soha Maqbool , Ahmed Suhaib , Kakkar Vipan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent times, logic circuit designing with quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) technology is being comprehensively researched because of its inherent miniature size, ultra‐high speed, low power dissipation, and better switching frequency in the nanoregime. In this paper, QCA implementation of a 3 × 3 SSG‐1 reversible gate is first proposed. This gate is then used to design a reversible full adder, reversible 1‐bit comparator, and reversible 4:2 compressor. To evaluate the performance of the proposed QCA designs, an in‐depth comparison with existing designs has been performed. It is seen that the proposed SSG‐1 gate is efficient from the existing designs which eventually leads to efficient designs of adders, comparator, and compressor digital circuits. To further validate this, these digital circuits have also been compared with the literature and performance improvement is clearly observed in these circuits. In addition to this, energy dissipation analysis of all proposed logic gates and digital circuits is also performed for different kink energy levels using the QCA Pro tool and their respective energy dissipation maps are also obtained. Based on this, it is seen that the proposed designs are cost‐efficient and dissipate less energy which makes them more appropriate for designing higher‐order lower power circuits.
Sex differences in morphine sensitivity are associated with differential glial expression in the brainstem of rats with neuropathic pain
Authors: Boorman Damien C. , Keay Kevin A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChronic pain is more prevalent and reported to be more severe in women. Opioid analgesics are less effective in women and result in stronger nauseant effects. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying these sex differences have yet to be clearly defined, though recent research has suggested neuronal–glial interactions are likely involved. We have previously shown that similar to people, morphine is less effective at reducing pain behaviors in female rats. In this study, we used the immunohistochemical detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression to investigate sex differences in astrocyte density and morphology in six medullary regions known to be modulated by pain and/or opioids. Morphine administration had small sex‐dependent effects on overall GFAP expression, but not on astrocyte morphology, in the rostral ventromedial medulla, the subnucleus reticularis dorsalis, and the area postrema. Significant sex differences in the density and morphology of GFAP immunopositive astrocytes were detected in all six regions. In general, GFAP‐positive cells in females showed smaller volumes and reduced complexity than those observed in males. Furthermore, females showed lower overall GFAP expression in all regions except for the area postrema, the critical medullary region responsible for opioid‐induced nausea and emesis. These data support the possibility that differences in astrocyte activity might underlie the sex differences seen in the processing of opioids in the context of chronic neuropathic pain.
Observation of the Influence of Generalized Parity on the Alignment Spectra in the Periodically Modulated Warm Atomic Ensemble
Authors: Geng Xu‐xing , Yang Guoqing , Jin Kai , Tang Wangwang , Wu Shao‐ping , Huang Guang‐ming , Li Gao‐xiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPeriodically modulated systems with parity symmetry have been extensively investigated in recent years and exhibited various novel phenomena and potential applications in quantum technologies. In this study, a pump‐probe structure is used to observe the influence of generalized parity on the alignment spectra of magnetic resonance in a periodically biharmonic modulated warm atomic cesium ensemble. The alignment spectra are symmetric when the generalized parity of modulated Floquet atomic ensemble is present. The breaking of spectral symmetry is accompanied by the absence of generalized parity. The influence of generalized parity on atomic alignment polarization distribution is analyzed based on the perspective of the angular‐momentum probability surface. A necessary and sufficient condition for generalized parity to maintain spectral symmetry is verified experimentally and theoretically, providing a new perspective to investigative complex periodic modulation system. The results are universally applicable to atomic and solid‐state systems.
A wideband isolation technique using bezel coupled T‐type isolator for smartwatch MIMO applications
Authors: Baloch Babar A. , Qu Longyue , Zahid Zeeshan , Khan Adnan A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis letter presents a wideband bezel coupled T‐type isolator, decoupling two antenna elements for smartwatch multiple‐input multiple‐out applications. The antenna elements consist of PIFA antennas operating at 2.45 GHz, covering Bluetooth and Wi‐Fi bands. The proposed T‐type isolator has been installed between the antenna elements made by inserting two slits in the bezel separated by 21 mm. The separated segment of the bezel is connected with the circular ground plane by a conducting strip and an inductor. In this way, the slits offer stray capacitance, and the capacitive coupling between the T‐type isolator has been utilized to achieve a wide isolation bandwidth. Meanwhile, the isolation can also be tuned using the gaps of the slits and the inductor. The design performance has been validated in simulations and measurement. The measured impedance bandwidth is higher than 120 MHz whereas the isolation bandwidth is 790 MHz with a maximum isolation higher than 22 dB. The measured envelop correlation coefficient is below 0.01. The proposed design is a good candidate for smartwatch applications.
Obesity contributes to the stealth peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer: a multi‐institutional retrospective cohort study
Authors: Iyoshi Shohei , Sumi Asami , Yoshihara Masato , Kitami Kazuhisa , Mogi Kazumasa , Uno Kaname , Fujimoto Hiroki , Miyamoto Emiri , Tano Sho , Yoshikawa Nobuhisa , Emoto Ryo , Matsui Shigeyuki , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe clinical significance of a higher BMI on the prognosis of ovarian cancer remains controversial; therefore, a more detailed analysis is demanded. This study investigated the impact of BMI on peritoneum‐specific recurrence to clarify the involvement of adipose tissue in the proliferation of cancer cells at sites of peritoneal dissemination.MethodsAmong 4,730 patients with malignant ovarian tumors, 280 diagnosed with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIB to IIIC epithelial ovarian cancer and who underwent complete resection in the primary surgery were included in the present study.ResultsThere were 42, 201, and 37 women in the low, normal, and high BMI groups, respectively. Peritoneum‐specific recurrence‐free survival and overall survival were both significantly shorter in patients with a high BMI than in those with a normal BMI (p = 0.028 and 0.018, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the distribution of sites of recurrence between these two groups. A multivariate analysis identified obesity as an independent prognostic factor in addition to pT3 tumor staging and positive ascites cytology.ConclusionsPatients with a high BMI had a significantly worse prognosis than those with a normal BMI, and peritoneal adipose tissue may have contributed to this difference.
Rao algorithm based optimal Multi‐term FOPID controller for automatic voltage regulator system
Authors: Paliwal Nikhil , Srivastava Laxmi , Pandit Manjaree 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article presents a novel application of an optimal Multi‐term Fractional‐Order PID (MFOPID) controller for improving the performance of the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system. A recently developed Rao algorithm has been used to optimize the proposed Multi‐term FOPID controller. The effectiveness of the Rao algorithm tuned Multi‐term FOPID controller for the AVR system has been proved by performing transient response, robustness, and performance analyses. Statistical analysis of the proposed Multi‐term FOPID controlled AVR system has been carried out to explore the most effective performance index among ITAE, ITSE, ISE, and IAE. The external disturbance rejection capability of the Rao algorithm‐tuned MFOPID controller has been examined by injecting external disturbances into the AVR system of different capacities at different times. The superiority of the proposed Multi‐term FOPID controller is validated by comparing the simulation results with recently employed various PID, PID‐Acceleration (PIDA), and FOPID controllers tuned by different metaheuristic algorithms. In addition, the behavior of the proposed Multi‐term FOPID controller has been examined in a real synchronous generator that is connected to a 10,000 MVA, 230 kV electric power network via a 210 MVA transformer using a MATLAB/Simulink environment. From the various simulation results, it has been concluded that the proposed Rao algorithm tuned optimal and robust Multi‐term FOPID controller has significantly improved the performance, robustness and stability of the AVR system.
Dispersive solid phase extraction of ginkgolide B from real samples using 3D reduced oxide graphene aerogel based molecularly imprinted polymers
Authors: Yang Chengying , Li Honghong , Wu Zeyu , Huang Xusheng , Zhou An , Hui Ailing , Liu Rui , Zhang Wencheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, novel molecularly imprinted polymers based on 3D reduced graphene oxide aerogel (3D RGO‐GBMIPs) were successfully fabricated and applied as adsorbents for dispersed solid‐phase extraction (DSPE) of ginkgolide B (GB). After being prepared by surface molecular imprinted technology, 3D RGO‐GBMIPs were successively characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope. The results of adsorption experiments revealed that 3D RGO‐GBMIPs presented highly selective recognition properties and well reusability. The main variables influencing DSPE efficiency, including extraction solvent, 3D RGO‐GBMIPs dosage, category, and volume of eluent, as well as elution time were investigated. The DSPE results showed that 3D RGO‐GBMIPs had an obvious effect on the improvement of GB purity in ginkgo biloba extract, with a satisfactory recovery rate and yield. Therefore, 3D RGO‐GBMIPs are expected to be applied for the enrichment of GB from complex matrices.
An investigation on mechanical, electrical, and rheological characteristics of ultra‐high molecular weight (UHMW)‐EPDM/PP blends‐based conductive thermoplastic vulcanizates (CTPVs)
Authors: Bhattacharya Asit Baran , Parathodika Arshad Rahman , Ganguly Debabrata , Naskar Kinsuk 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA new generation conductive thermoplastic vulcanizates (CTPVs) have been developed and characterized in detail, which is based on ultra‐high molecular weight (UHMW)‐EPDM rubber combined with conductive carbon black (CCB) filler. The influence of incorporation of CCB filler in the CTPV matrix on various relevant properties has been studied thoroughly. Physico‐mechanical properties indicate a significant improvement in the tensile strength, modulus, crosslink density, and tear strength together with quite good flexibility of the CTPVs. Rheological properties depict excellent processability and material strength (storage‐modulus and complex‐modulus), and stress relaxation shows a higher relaxation time of the CTPVs over the pristine‐TPV. Morphology study (AFM, FESEM, and TEM) reveals very well dispersion of the CCB‐filler and droplet type dispersed morphology has been achieved. The study of the electrical properties demonstrates that fair AC conductivity can be achieved for high filler loading. AC impedance analysis also proves the improvement for CTPVs over the pristine TPV. It is well described that due to the incorporation of the CCB‐filler, all the properties are improved, and from some of the results amount of CCB‐filler can also be optimized. UHMW‐EPDM/PP‐based conductive TPVs (CTPVs) can be potentially used as a sensitive stretchable conductor for various applications.
Tube‐type plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition of aluminum oxide: Enabling record lab performance for the industry with demonstrated cell efficiencies >24%
Authors: Liao Baochen , Wu Xinyuan , Wu Weiliang , Liu Changming , Ma Sheng , Wang Shaozhou , Xie Tong , Wang Qiang , Du Zheren , Shen Wenzhong , Li Xiang , Li Weimin , Hoex Bram 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this work, single‐side aluminum oxide (Al2O3) deposition enabled by a new tube‐type industrial plasma‐assisted atomic layer deposition (PEALD) technique is presented to meet the increasingly stringent requirements for high‐efficiency solar cell mass production. Extremely low emitter saturation current densities, J0e, down to 15 fA/cm2 are achieved on an industrial textured boron emitter with a sheet resistance of 104 Ω/sq, passivated by PEALD Al2O3/PECVD SiNx stack after firing. An implied open‐circuit voltage of up to 721 mV is obtained on symmetrical lifetime samples. The underlying passivation mechanisms of this new tube‐type PEALD Al2O3 are investigated by contactless corona‐voltage measurements. The results indicate that the superior passivation is mainly attributed to a low interface defect density down to 1.1 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1 and a high negative fixed charge density up to 4.5 × 1012 cm−2. Simulations show that the obtained J0e is close to its intrinsic limit. Lastly, the developed tube‐type PEALD Al2O3 is applied to industrial TOPCon solar cells achieving an average cell efficiency above 24% and a maximum Voc of 707 mV. This work shows that the record level of surface passivation available from lab‐scale PEALD reactors is now available in a flexible high‐throughput industrial PEALD platform, which opens a new route for mass production of high‐efficiency industrial TOPCon solar cells with a lean process at low costs.
Expression of KLRG1 on subpopulations of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma and prognostic analysis
Authors: Qian Hengjun , Dong Danning , Fan Peiwen , Feng Yaning , Peng Yanchun , Yao Xuan , Wang Ruozheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of killer cell lectin like receptor G1 (KLRG1) in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the clinical characteristics and prognosis in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and to dynamically evaluate the changes of KLRG1 expression after treatment.MethodsA total of 82 patients with locally advanced NPC and 44 healthy individuals were recruited in this study. The expression of KLRG1 on T, natural killer, and natural killer T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by flow cytometry. Its relationship with clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients, as well as changes in KLRG1 expression in PBMCs after treatment, were investigated.ResultsThe expression of KLRG1 in CD8+ T cells in PBMCs of NPC patients was 46.50 (29.10, 69.80)%, significantly higher than 32.50 (17.38, 61.00) % in healthy controls (Z = −2.290, p = 0.022). The expression of KLRG1 in CD3+ CD56+ natural killer T cells in PBMCs of patients was 29.50 (6.21, 78.00) %, significantly higher than 1.47 (0.62, 8.88)% in healthy controls (Z = −5.371, p < 0.001). The expression levels of KLRG1(+)CD8+ T cells in PBMCs of patients were higher in the age ≥50 years (Z = −3.413, p < 0.001), pathology of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (H = 10.541, p = 0.005, and EGFR(+) groups (Z = −2.006, p = 0.043). Patients with higher KLRG1(+) expression in CD8+ T cells had a lower progression‐free survival (p = 0.029) and a lower distant metastasis‐free survival (p = 0.023). KLRG1 expression on T cells increased after radiotherapy.ConclusionKLRG1 can be harnessed as a potential target in designing novel therapy to encompass a broader range of NPC patients.
Analysis of amyloidogenic transthyretin mutations using continuum solvent free energy calculations
Authors: Hartmann Julian , Zacharias Martin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany proteins can undergo pathological conformational changes that result in the formation of amyloidogenic fibril structures. Various neurodegenerative diseases are associated with such pathological fibril formation of specific proteins. Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric globular transport protein in the blood plasma that can dissociate, unfold, and form long and stable fibrils. Many TTR mutations are known that promote (TTR) amyloidosis and cause severe diseases. TTR amyloidosis has been studied extensively using biochemical methods and structures of various mutations in the globular form have been characterized. Recently, also the structure of a TTR fibril has been determined. In an effort to better understand why some mutations increase or decrease the tendency of amyloid formation, we have applied a combined molecular dynamics and continuum solvent approach to calculate the energetic influence of residue changes in the globular versus fibril form. For 29 out of 36 tested TTR single residue mutations, the approach correctly predicts the increased or decreased tendency for amyloidosis allowing us also to elucidate the origins of the tendency. We find that indeed the destabilization of the globular monomer or changes in dimer and tetramer stability due to mutation has a dominant influence on the amyloidogenic tendency. The continuum solvent model predicts a significantly more favorable mean energy per residue of the fibril form compared to the globular form. This effect is only slightly modulated by single‐point mutations preserving the energetic preference for fibril formation upon protein unfolding. It explains why no correlation between experimental amyloidosis and calculated change in fibril stability was observed.