bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel spectral method for the semiclassical Schrödinger equation based on the Gaussian wave-packet transform
Authors: Miao Borui , Russo Giovanni , Zhou Zhennan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article we develop and analyse a new spectral method to solve the semiclassical Schrödinger equation based on the Gaussian wave-packet transform (GWPT) and Hagedorn’s semiclassical wave packets. The GWPT equivalently recasts the highly oscillatory wave equation as a much less oscillatory one (the $w$ equation) coupled with a set of ordinary differential equations governing the dynamics of the so-called GWPT parameters. The Hamiltonian of the $ w $ equation consists of a quadratic part and a small nonquadratic perturbation, which is of order $ \mathcal{O}(\sqrt {\varepsilon }) $, where $ \varepsilon \ll 1 $ is the rescaled Planck constant. By expanding the solution of the $ w $ equation as a superposition of Hagedorn’s wave packets, we construct a spectral method while the $ \mathcal{O}(\sqrt {\varepsilon }) $ perturbation part is treated by the Galerkin approximation. This numerical implementation of the GWPT avoids imposing artificial boundary conditions and facilitates rigorous numerical analysis. For arbitrary dimensional cases, we establish how the error of solving the semiclassical Schrödinger equation with the GWPT is determined by the errors of solving the $ w $ equation and the GWPT parameters. We prove that this scheme has spectral convergence with respect to the number of Hagedorn’s wave packets in one dimension. Extensive numerical tests are provided to demonstrate the properties of the proposed method.
War of the wardrobes: General Court finds registered design lacking individual character on the basis of a disclosed earlier design
Authors: Strath Janet 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The General Court (‘GC’) has upheld a European Union IP Office (EUIPO) Board of Appeal decision that had found a design for a wardrobe lacking individual character, thus declaring the design invalid under Article 6(1)(b) of the Community Design Regulation 6/2002/EC (‘CDR’).
Preoperative Patient-reported Outcomes are not Associated With Sagittal and Spinopelvic Alignment in Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Karim S. Mohammed , Fisher Charles , Glennie Andrew , Rampersaud Raja , Street John , Dvorak Marcel , Paquette Scott , Kwon Brian K. , Charest-Morin Raphaele , Ailon Tamir , Manson Neil , Abraham Edward , Thomas Ken , Urquhart Jennifer , Bailey Christopher S. 
Published: April 2022

Study Design.
Prospective cohort study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sagittal and spinopelvic alignment correlate with preoperative patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) with spinal stenosis.

Summary of Background Data.
Positive global sagittal balance and spinopelvic malalignment are strongly correlated with symptom severity in adult spinal deformity, but this correlation has not been evaluated in DLS.

Methods.
Patients were enrolled in the Canadian Spine Outcomes Research Network (CSORN) prospective DLS study at seven centers between January 2015 and May 2018. Correlation was assessed between the following preoperative PROs: Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), numeric rating scale (NRS) leg pain, and NRS back pain and the following preoperative sagittal radiographic parameters SS, PT, PI, SVA, LL, TK, T1SPI, T9SPI, and PI-LL. Patients were further divided into groups based on spinopelvic alignment: Group 1 PI-LL<10°; Group 2 PI-LL ≥10° with PT <30°; and Group 3 PI-LL ≥10° with PT ≥30°. Preoperative PROs were compared among these three groups and were further stratified by those with SVA <50 mm and SVA ≥50 mm.

Results.
A total of 320 patients (61% female) with mean age of 66.1 years were included. Mean (SD) preoperative PROs were: NRS leg pain 7.4 (2.1), NRS back pain 7.1 (2.0), and ODI 45.5 (14.5). Preoperative radiographic parameters included: SVA 27.1 (33.4) mm, LL 45.7 (13.4°), PI 57.6 (11.9), and PI-LL 11.8 (14.0°). Weak but statistically significant correlations were observed between leg pain and PT (r = −0.114) and PI (ρ = −0.130), and T9SPI with back pain (r = 0.130). No significant differences were observed among the three groups stratified by PI-LL and PT. No significant differences in PROs were observed between patients with SVA <50 mm compared to those with SVA ≥50 mm.

Conclusion.
Sagittal and spinopelvic malalignment do not appear to significantly influence baseline PROs in patients with DLS.

Level of Evidence.
Prognostic level II.
Potential of Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in Acute and Recovery Phases of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Cui Tingting , Huang Mingzhu , Su Xiaoling , Lin Zhengfang , Zhong Jiaying , Yang Xiaoyun , Wang Zhongfang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic that has resulted in millions of casualties. Although researchers have reported the existence of neutralizing antibodies and viral T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2, little is known about the presence of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and its role in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods:
Nineteen acute COVID-19 patients at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January to February, 2020 and 55 recovery COVID-19 patients at the Second Peoples Hospital of Changde City from February, 2020 to February, 2021 were recruited in this study. Longitudinal plasma samples were collected. A virus-specific ADCC assay was performed to study the COVID-19 plasma samples. The correlations between ADCC and total IgG titer, including anti-RBD, anti-N, and neutralizing antibody titer were analyzed.

Results:
A high level of ADCC with 0.86% of IFN-γ+CD107a+ NK cells induced by anti RBD antibodies and with 0.54% of IFN-γ+CD107a+ NK cells induced by anti N antibodies was observed. This activity peaked at 3 weeks after disease onset with 1.16% and 0.63% of IFN-γ+CD107a+ NK cells induced by anti RBD and anti N antibodies respectively, declined to 0.32% and 0.32% of IFN-γ+CD107a+ NK cells respectively after more than 2 months, and persisted for 12 months after disease onset. The ADCC did not aggravate the severity of COVID-19 in terms of sequential organ failure assessment, although ADCC decreased with the age of COVID-19 patients. Interestingly, ADCC response is not correlated with neutralizing antibody titer or total IgG titers against S protein RBD and N protein in acute patients. ADCC in recovered patients showed a significant correlation with anti RBD IgG titer (R
2 = 0.33, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Antibodies from COVID-19 patients against the N protein and S protein RBD domains could stimulate high levels of ADCC response. Our results provide evidence that vaccination should not only focus on neutralizing antibodies but also binding antibodies that may facilitate the antiviral function of ADCC, especially in the elderly.
Ferreira-Ishida Technique: Spare Roof Technique B. Step-by-Step Guide to Preserving the Bony Cap While Dehumping
Authors: Gonçalves Ferreira Miguel , Ishida Luiz Carlos , Ishida Luiz Henrique , Santos Mariline 
Published: April 2022

Summary:
For V-shaped nasal bones, the authors consider that ostectomy of the dorsal keystone area can be avoided, and this has led to the development of a new preservation technique: the spare roof technique B (or Ferreira-Ishida technique), where the bony cap is preserved. It includes six main steps, as follows. Step 1, draw on the surface of the skin the desired dorsal brow-tip aesthetic lines, the pyriform aperture, the rhinion, and the amount of triangular bone that has to be taken out to allow pushing-down the bony cap, and the transversal line in the beginning of the nasal hump. Step 2, release the upper lateral cartilages from the dorsal septum (“high septal strip”). Step 3, take out the amount of dorsal septum necessary to dehump. Step 4, perform the paramedian high parallel osteotomies exactly below the marked brow-tip dorsal aesthetic lines. Then, perform the second group of lower osteotomies, until the E-point, to achieve a triangular shape of bone in each side of the bony cap. Perform the ostectomy of the mentioned triangular areas. Release the lateral keystone area. Perform partial ultrasonic ostectomy endonasally, below the nasal bones, to promote the weakening of the transverse fracture line, in the sagittal plane just above the E-point. Push-down gently the rectangular bony cap with a Luc nasal forceps (19 cm) in a greenstick fashion. Perform lateral traditional osteotomies from high to low to high to narrow the bony bridge as much as is needed. Step 5, perform a regular L-shape Cottle septoplasty (if necessary). Step 6, suture the cartilaginous middle vault (upper lateral cartilages) to the dorsal aspect of the remaining septum.
(Dys)functionality of intentions or outcomes? Performance funding of Danish schools
Authors: Poulsen Morten Lund , Bukh Per Nikolaj , Christensen Karina Skovvang 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis paper studies how performance funding of education is perceived by principals, teachers and administrative staff and management. The dysfunctionality of performance measures often reflects how the measures prevent an organisation from achieving its goals. This paper proposes that perceptions of dysfunctionality can be analysed by separating the perceptions of the programme's intentions, of the school-level actions and of the outcomes for students.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers, school management, staff specialists and top management in a large Danish municipality when outcome-based funding was introduced.FindingsThe performance-funding programme affected teaching by changing educational priorities. Different perceptions of the (dys)functionality of intentions, actions and outcomes fuelled diverging responses. Although the performance measure was generally considered incomplete, interviewees' perceptions of the financial incentivisation and the dysfunctionality of actions depended on interpretations of the incentivisation and student-related outcomes of the programme.Research limitations/implicationsDysfunctionality can be contested; the interpretations of the intention of a performance-funding programme affect the perceived dysfunctionality of reactions. Both technical characteristics of funding schemes and administrators' and principals' mediating roles are essential for the consequences of performance funding.Originality/valueThe paper examines conditions for dysfunctionality of performance measures. We demonstrate that actions can be perceived as dysfunctional because of a measurement's intentions, actions themselves and the actions' outcomes. Further, the paper illustrates how the reception of performance funding depends on how consequences are enacted based on educators' interpretations of the (dys)functionality of intentions, actions and outcomes.
Audit expectation gap: a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Deepal Aluthgama Guruge , Jayamaha Ariyarathna 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis paper reviews a substantial body of scholarly work on the audit expectation gap (AEG) for many years and aims to construct a new synthesis of the existing knowledge of the AEG discovered by numerous scholars in the world.Design/methodology/approachA broad search of the literature was conducted using a few AEG related keywords in the Google Scholar search engine and two databases of Scopus and Emerald from 1974 to 2021. Only the articles published in reputable journals concerning the AEG were selected after applying some selection criteria.FindingsThe concept of AEG is a multidimensional concept. Different causes for the AEG were identified, and several strategies were summarized into major promising strategies for narrowing it. It was found that the AEG cannot be eradicated entirely from society.Practical implicationsThis review of the literature will be of interest to auditors, financial statement users, regulatory agencies, and policymakers, among other parties. Further, this AEG synthesis may be useful in understanding misperceptions and determining how they differ across diverse stakeholders.Originality/valueThere is a dearth of literature review studies incorporating all the facets of AEG. Hence, this study incorporates all those facets, namely research methods and instruments and dimensions used along with causes and mechanisms to narrow down the AEG while addressing the gaps and highlighting the themes for future research. Finally, a fresh, yet more straightforward definition was generated as a result of the comprehensive review of the literature, adding novelty to the extant literature.
Malaysian household expenditure on tobacco: evidence from pooled cross-sectional quantile estimations
Authors: Cheah Yong Kang , Goh Kim-Leng , Abdul Adzis Azira 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to examine the factors associated with household expenditure share on tobacco at different ranges of the expenditure share among Malaysian households.

Design/methodology/approach
The analyses were based on pooled cross-sectional data of the Malaysian Household Expenditure Survey. A quantile regression was used to estimate the differentials in the share of monthly household expenditure on tobacco across different socio-economic, demographic and household groups at the 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 0.9 quantiles of the tobacco expenditure share.

Findings
Characteristics of household heads (age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, education level, employment status) and household location were significant factors. Households headed by individuals aged 29 years or less spent a bigger share of their expenditure on tobacco than those headed by individuals older than 59 years. Households with heads who were employed and had primary-level education devoted a greater share of their expenditure for tobacco than households with heads who were unemployed and had tertiary-level education. The corresponding differentials were between 0.2% and 2.3%.

Practical implications
The results identify the target groups based on not only the socio-economic and demographic factors but also the distributional effects of tobacco expenditure share for the design of public policy to reduce the prevalence of smoking-induced illnesses.

Originality/value
This study represents new attempts to use pooled cross-sectional data and a quantile regression to take into account the heterogeneous tobacco expenditure behaviour according to different levels of tobacco spending among Malaysian households.
Improving failure risk by better planning and safety for precast beam-to-column connection elements using physical internet-enabled building information modeling technology: a Malaysian case study
Authors: Ismail Zul-Atfi 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show that the growing global trend of quality assurance indicates the potential of precast concrete (PC) to improve construction quality and productivity, reduce wasteful construction, and achieve design standardization and to accelerate construction time. However, its current approach for dynamic characteristics, such as stiffness and displacement on beam-column connection system design, is not effective in achieving the required quality and operational requirements.Design/methodology/approachA design tool based on the literature and data analysis in product planning and safety is proposed for the practice of PC building construction.FindingsThe results reveal the need for improvement of PC building performance in the construction industry, especially for the beam-column connection system. The issues include improper design, improper specification and defective concrete and steel components compared to other manufacturing methods.Originality/valueA novel and sophisticated technique based on physical internet-enabled building information modeling (PI-BIM) is proposed to improve the planning process and safety for PC buildings in Malaysia.
The role of empowering leadership and psychological empowerment on nurses’ work engagement and affective commitment
Authors: Al Otaibi Saad M. , Amin Muslim , Winterton Jonathan , Bolt Ester Ellen Trees , Cafferkey Kenneth 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate to role of empowering leadership and psychological empowerment on nurses' work engagement and affective commitment.

Design/methodology/approach
Self-administered questionnaire data from 231 nurses working in a university hospital in Saudi Arabia were analysed using a cross-sectional research design using structural equation modelling (SEM) to assess the relationship between empowering leadership (EL), affective commitment (AC) and work engagement (WE) while testing for the mediating role of psychological empowerment (PE).

Findings
SEM analysis demonstrated that EL significantly relates to AC. AC similarly significantly relates to WE. Further, the results showed that PE substantially mediates the relationship between EL and WE. There is no significant direct relationship found between EL and WE.

Practical implications
The study findings are essential for nursing managers. They illustrate that nurses become more committed to their organisation and, in return, more engaged with their work when they receive EL. Therefore, nursing managers could train their leaders to practice EL as increased WE has been found to result in other positive work attitudes such as reduced turnover intention.

Originality/value
This study corroborates the relationships between EL, AC and WE, as well as the mediating role of PE. However, this research is unique as the long-established relationship between EL and WE was not supported. It shows that the propositions of leader-member exchange theory may not hold for unique non-Western contexts, in this case, Saudi Arabia.
Weather, mobility and the evolution of the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Ghirelli Corinna , Gonzalez Andrea , Herrera Jose Luis , Hurtado Samuel 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe authors investigate the effect of weather and mobility on the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe authors first estimate the effective reproduction number (Rt) as a proxy of the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic and then study the relationship between the latter and weather and mobility in a panel data framework. The authors use US daily infections data between February and September of 2020 at the county level.FindingsThe authors find that lower temperatures are associated with a higher Rt, and this effect is greater at temperatures below 0°C. In addition, mobility reductions related to certain types of locations (retail and recreation, transit stations and workplaces) are effective at reducing Rt, but it is an increase in the time spent in parks that most helps reduce the spread of the pandemic.Originality/valueThe estimates imply that a 20°C fall in temperature from summer to winter would increase Rt by +0.35, which can be the difference between a well-controlled evolution and explosive behavior of the spread of the virus. Applying these coefficients estimated with US county data to aggregate series from other countries helps explain the resurgence of the pandemic in the Northern Hemisphere during the winter of 2020. The results show that mobility reduction and social distance are best policies to cope with the Covid-19 outbreak. This strong policy lesson will help facing similar outbreaks in the future.
Bridging theory and practice in the humane entrepreneurship domain: insights from small and medium Italian enterprises
Authors: Vesci Massimiliano , Botti Antonio , Feola Rosangela , Conti Emanuela , El Tarabishy Ayman 
Published: April 2022

PurposeHumane entrepreneurship (HumEnt) has been theoretically proposed as a new model of entrepreneurship supporting the idea of an enlarged entrepreneurial strategic posture. The aim of paper is to frame humane entrepreneurial orientation’s (HEO) characteristics by showing how firms apply the HumEnt approach, and to offer suggestions to build an HEO measurement scale.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a case study approach, focusing on five Italian small and medium enterprises (SMEs).FindingsThe study (1) identifies which are the characteristics of HEO strategic posture in the enterprises under examination; (2) shows that entrepreneurs' personal values and credos are fundamental to having an HEO strategic posture adopted; (3) provides indications on the development of a measurement scale through a discussion of emerging HEO themes.Originality/valueThe value of the study is that emerging themes of HEO strategic posture was derived from the analysis of five Italian SMEs. Entrepreneur's personal values have been proven to be relevant in the implementation of HEO. Based on the emerging HEO themes, the study contributes to the literature opening the way toward the building of an all-encompassing HEO measurement scale.
Denials and apologies: pathways to reconciliation
Authors: Iwai Tatiana , Carvalho João Vinícius França 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to examine how verbal responses (denials vs apologies) following a trust violation in cooperative relationships influence reconciliation by changing attributions of responsibility for the transgression and transgressor’s perceived integrity. Additionally, the moderating role of perceived sincerity of the response is examined.

Design/methodology/approach
Two experimental studies were conducted with 465 participants. Hypotheses were tested using ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions and moderated serial mediation analyses with bootstrapping procedures.

Findings
In the occurrence of integrity-based trust violations, denials are more effective than apologies to repair trust. The positive indirect effects of these verbal responses on reconciliation are explained by a two-part mediating mechanism (attribution of responsibility followed by transgressor’s perceived integrity). Additionally, when responses are perceived as highly credible, denials are much more effective in deflecting blame than apologies.

Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to the literature on trust repair by examining when and why managers’ verbal responses to breaches of trust may be more or less effective in restoring cooperative relationships.

Practical implications
Managers must be aware that their perceived integrity following a breach of trust is influenced by the level of responsibility taken. Therefore, they should choose wisely which defensive tactics (apologies or denials) to use.

Social implications
As trust plays a central role in many cooperative relationships, choosing an appropriate response after a transgression is critical to solving conflicts both within and between organizations.

Originality/value
This work contributes to the reconciliation literature by uncovering the underlying cognitive mechanisms and boundary conditions by which different verbal responses influence reconciliation.