bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Considerations for Speech Perception in School-Age Children With Speech Sound Disorders: A Review of the Current Literature
Authors: Cabbage Kathryn L. , Hitchcock Elaine R. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to synthesize the methodological variability in the speech perception literature for school-age children with residual speech sound disorder (RSSD), with the primary intention of using the existing knowledge to inform clinical decisions and optimize treatment outcomes for children.

Method:
Ten electronic databases were systematically searched to identify articles examining the speech perception skills of school-age children with RSSD. A total of 11 articles met inclusion criteria, reporting of methodological characteristics was rated and compared across studies, and findings were summarized.

Results:
The majority of studies reviewed here confirmed the presence of a perceptual deficit for a subset of children with RSSD. However, marked variability across study methodologies limits clinical interpretation and application of the findings.

Conclusions:
Despite limited research in children with RSSD and wide variability across study procedures, stimulus type, perception type, and task type emerged as potential key factors that provide critical insight into a child's perceptual skill. The current evidence suggests that deficits in speech perception may significantly impact acquisition of accurate phoneme production for children with RSSD. Furthermore, these findings suggest that assessment and treatment of speech perception may be a critical component of an intervention program for school-age children, although further research is needed to determine effective clinical procedures.
Digital Workout Versus Team Training: The Impact of the COVID-19
Pandemic on Athletes
Authors: Schneider Friedemann , Runer Armin , Burkert Francesco , Aspang Jesse Seilern Und , Reider Simon , Schneider Holm , Pocecco Elena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sport
practice and to identify measures adopted by individuals and sports
organizations to allow a safe return to community sports. An electronic survey
was launched worldwide in June 2020 in the German and English languages. The
questionnaire collected anonymous data on sporting activity before, during, and
after pandemic-induced confinement. Participants classified themselves as either
recreational, competitive, or professional sports level athletes. A total of
1336 adults (30.5±11.7 years; 54.0% women) participated in the
survey; 68.5% were active athletes, 10.1% coaches, 2.1%
officials and 4.3% related medical staff, 3.6% had another
function, and 11.4% indicated no regular sports activity. Most
participants practiced their sport in Europe (93.8%); the majority
(61.0%) was amateur athletes. During confinement, 15.7% could
perform their main sport unrestricted, 43.5% stated a reduced amount of
time spent on sporting activities, 46.4% a reduced intensity level. Most
participants (77.5%) were neither aware of screening measures nor of
guidelines for dealing with infected athletes (80.0%) or for return to
sports after a coronavirus infection (88.6%). Preventive measures
mentioned included basic hygiene, measures to reduce personal contacts or virus
transmission, or to improve traceability of infections. During confinement, a
higher age (p=0.004) and training in a club setting (p<0.001)
were associated with reduced sporting activity, while the availability of online
training (p=0.030) was linked to both increased extent and
intensity levels. A lower age (p=0.001) and recreational sports level
(p=0.005) were associated with decreased activity after confinement.
Although isolation can be necessary to protect public health, it alters the
amount and intensity of physical activity.
Is Botox Right for Me: When to Assess the Efficacy of the Botox Injection for Chronic Migraine in Pediatric Population
Authors: Goenka Ajay , Yu Sarah G. , George Monica C. , Chikkannaiah Mahesh , MacDonald Sarah , Stolfi Adrienne , Kumar Gogi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBotulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has shown to be a safe and effective treatment for children with chronic migraines. Our study was to assess the efficacy of the Onabotulinum toxin type A at different intervals after initiation of therapy. We conducted a retrospective and prospective analysis of 34 patients at a children's hospital where children received four rounds of the BoNT-A therapy for the treatment of chronic migraine. Among the 34 patients, 25 patients (age range: 13–21 years), who responded to the BoNT-A therapy, were included in the analysis. Patients received standard 31 injection, 155 unit's protocol. Patients were assessed every 3 months after their initial injection. Reasons for discontinuation of therapy were analyzed. After the first two BoNT-A sessions, significant improvement was observed with a decrease in headache frequency and intensity (p < 0.001). There was further reduction in headache frequency and intensity with the fourth round of BoNT-A therapy, with comparative analysis between the second and fourth round showing a p-value of <0.001. In terms of reduction of emergency room visits and hospitalization, a significant improvement was seen after the third round of BoNT-A therapy (p < 0.01). A significant decrease in the number of abortive and preventive medications was seen after the second round of BoNT-A therapy (p < 0.001). The efficacy of BoNT-A treatment in decreasing headache frequency, intensity, and the number of abortive and preventive medications can be assessed effectively after two treatment sessions. This trend continued to be observed with additional third and fourth sessions.
Speakers who metaphorize together – argue together
Authors: Juszczyk Konrad , Konat Barbara , Fabiszak Małgorzata 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Numerous studies on political discourse claim that metaphors help politicians to construct coherent arguments to
convince their voters. Yet, most of them, with a few notable exceptions, do not adhere to any theory of argumentation. In this
paper, we integrate Discourse Dynamic Approach to Metaphor with Inference Anchoring Theory to
enhance our understanding of the interaction of metaphors and arguments in dynamic discourse. Our data come from three
pre-election debates: Two in Poland and one in the US. The focus is on the reform of the health service. We show how discourse
participants co-construct metaphors and arguments in an attempt to achieve their illocutionary goals. Their interaction is curbed
by a number of discursive forces identified in the data. We propose a classification of types of interaction between metaphors and
arguments, which can be further used for developing tools for automatic or semi-automatic identification of these types in large
corpora.
Closing a spontaneous-scalarization window with binary pulsars
Authors: Zhao Junjie , Freire Paulo C C , Kramer Michael , Shao Lijing , Wex Norbert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Benefitting from the unequaled precision of the pulsar timing technique, binary pulsars are important testbeds of gravity theories, providing some of the tightest bounds on alternative theories of gravity. One class of well-motivated alternative gravity theories, the scalar–tensor gravity, predict large deviations from general relativity for neutron stars through a nonperturbative phenomenon known as spontaneous scalarization. This effect, which cannot be tested in the Solar System, can now be tightly constrained using the latest results from the timing of a set of seven binary pulsars (PSRs J0348+0432, J1012+5307, J1738+0333, J1909−3744, J2222−0137, J0737−3039A, and J1913+1102), especially with the updated parameters of PSRs J2222−0137, J0737−3039A and J1913+1102. Using new timing results, we constrain the neutron star’s effective scalar coupling, which describes how strongly neutron stars couple to the scalar field, to a level of

α

A

≲
6
×
1

0

−
3

in a Bayesian analysis. Our analysis is thorough, in the sense that our results apply to all neutron star masses and all reasonable equations of state of dense matters, in the full relevant parameter space. It excludes the possibility of spontaneous scalarization of neutron stars, at least within a class of scalar–tensor gravity theories.
Angular dependence of spin-flop transition in triangular lattice antiferromagnet Cu2(OH)3Br
Authors: Xiao T T , Ouyang Z W , Liu X C , Cao J J , Wang Z X , Tong W 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report angular dependence of spin-flop transition in triangular lattice antiferromagnet Cu2(OH)3Br by angle-dependent magnetization and ESR measurements. The results show that the antiferromagnetic easy magnetization axis is the diagonal direction (θ = 45°) of the ac
* plane, i.e., the orientation of Cu1 spins based on the magnetic structure (2020 Phys. Rev. Lett.
125 037204), whereas the spin-flop axis is the b axis. A phenomenological model is proposed to describe the angle-dependent spin-flop transitions. Based on this model, Cu1 spins are sensitive to external magnetic field, while Cu2 spins are robust against to the field, showing partial decoupling. The model is expected to be used in other uniaxial antiferromagnets with a more general easy axis and complex spin-flop transitions.
Radiobiological damage by space radiation: extension of the BIANCA model to heavy ions up to iron, and pilot application to cosmic ray exposure
Authors: Ramos Ricardo L , Embriaco Alessia , Carante Mario P , Ferrari Alfredo , Sala Paola , Vercesi Valerio , Ballarini Francesca 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Space research seems to be object of a renewed interest, also considering that human missions to the Moon, and possibly Mars, are being planned. Among the risks affecting such missions, astronauts’ exposure to space radiation is a major concern. In this work, the question of the evaluation of biological damage by Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) was addressed by a biophysical model called BIophysical ANalysis of Cell death and chromosome Aberrations (BIANCA), which simulates the induction of cell death and chromosome aberrations by different ions. While previously BIANCA has been validated for calculating cell death along hadrontherapy beams up to oxygen, herein the approach was extended up to Fe ions. Specifically, experimental survival curves available in literature for V79 cells irradiated by Si-, Ne-, Ar- and Fe-ions were reproduced, and a reference radiobiological database describing V79 cell survival as a function of ion type (1 ⩽ Z ⩽ 26), energy and dose was constructed. Analogous databases were generated for Chinese hamster ovary hamster cells and human skin fibroblasts, finding good agreement between simulations and data. Concerning chromosome aberrations, which are regarded as radiation risk biomarkers, dicentric data in human lymphocytes irradiated by heavy ions up to iron were reproduced, and a radiobiological database allowing calculation of lymphocyte dicentric yields as a function of dose, ion type (1 ⩽ Z ⩽ 26) and energy was constructed. Following interface between BIANCA and the FLUKA Monte Carlo transport code, a feasibility study was performed to calculate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of different GCR spectrum components, for both dicentrics and cell death. Fe-ions, although representing only 10% of the total absorbed dose, were found to be responsible for about 35%–40% of the RBE-weighted dose. Interestingly, the RBE for dicentrics was higher than that for cell survival. More generally, this work shows that BIANCA can calculate RBE values for cell death and lymphocyte dicentrics not only for ion therapy, but also for space radiation.
Multi-nanocavities and multi-defects synergetic enhancement for the electromagnetic absorption of the rGO-NG film
Authors: Yu Yue , Zhao Yifang , Dai Yongqiang , Su Yu , Liao Bing , Pang Hao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dielectric loss is an important way to eliminate electromagnetic pollution. In order to achieve high dielectric loss, a graphene film reduced graphene oxide-N doped graphene (rGO-NG) was constructed from graphene oxide-Ni@polydopamine (GO-Ni@PDA) via the in situ synthesis of hollow graphene spheres between graphene sheets. This in situ was achieved by means of electrostatic self-assembly and metal-catalyzed crystallization. Owing to the synergetic effect of multi-nanocavities and multi-defects, the prepared rGO-NG film shows an average shielding effectiveness (SE) of 50.0 dB in the range of 8.2–12.4 GHz with a thickness of 12.2 μm, and the SE reflection is only 7.3 dB on average. It also exhibits an average dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) of 23.1, which is 26 and 105 times higher than those of rGO and rGO-Ni, respectively. This work provides a simple but effective route to develop high performance graphene-based materials for application as an electromagnetic interference shielding film in today’s electronic devices.
A comparative investigation of the optical properties of polar and semipolar GaN epi-films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Lu Haixia , Wang Lianshan , Liu Yao , Zhang Shuping , Yang Yanlian , Saravade Vishal , Feng Zhe Chuan , Klein Benjamin , Ferguson Ian T , Wan Lingyu , Sun Wenhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report on the structural and optical properties of polar gallium nitride on c-plane sapphire substrates and semi-polar (11–22) GaN films on m-plane sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Polar GaN on c-plane sapphire and semi-polar GaN on m-plane sapphire both show good crystal quality, luminescence, absorption, and Raman characteristics. GaN on c-place sapphire shows a high crystal quality as compared to GaN on m-plane sapphire. Surface roughness of polar GaN is lesser than semi-polar GaN. The biaxial structural stress in GaN switches from compressive to tensile as the temperature is increased. This stress-switch temperature is higher in GaN/c-plane than GaN/m-plane. GaN in polar and semi-polar orientation shows ultraviolet emissions but yellow-emissions are only observed in GaN/c-plane sapphire. Raman spectroscopy-related oscillations show systematic variations with temperature in both GaN configurations (polar and semi-polar). This work provides a framework of characterizations for GaN with different crystal polarities. It contributes towards identifying suitable crystal growth mechanisms based on the application and requirements for doping (In, Al, etc), crystal quality, emission, absorption, and photonic oscillations.
Performance of Fe–Ga alloy rotational vibration energy harvester with centrifugal softening
Authors: Liu Huifang , Dong Weiwei , Sun Xingwei , Wang Shuqing , Li Wencheng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
With the development of vibration energy harvesting, sensor nodes for wireless monitoring are being increasingly powered by harvesting vibrations in rotating environments such as car tires and fan blades. Considering the diverse installation positions of vibration energy harvesters on rotating carriers, the centrifugal forces of the cantilever beams exhibit remarkable differences during rotation. Crucial factors for the performance of vibration energy harvesting include the deformation of the harvester cantilever beam, which is affected by the centrifugal force, and the influence of the pre-magnetization field on the Villari effect of specific alloys. We propose a rotational vibration energy harvester based on an Fe–Ga alloy and establish a mathematical model for magnetostrictive vibration energy harvesting by leveraging centrifugal softening. In addition, we perform a systematic theoretical analysis of the factors influencing the harvester performance considering centrifugal softening, rotation radius, and arrangement of the pre-magnetization field. The theoretical findings are verified on a prototype, and the system characteristics are investigated experimentally. The maximum output voltage reaches 3.36 V, and the energy harvesting efficiency reaches 22.86% when the harvester undergoes rotation at 330 r min−1. Moreover, the harvester is applied in a low-power temperature sensor for real-time temperature monitoring, indicating the validity and applicability of the proposed rotational vibration energy harvester. The results demonstrate that an appropriate use of the centrifugal softening and the pre-magnetization field can enhance the energy harvesting efficiency of a harvester operating at a low rotational frequency.
Superconducting microwave resonators with non-centrosymmetric nonlinearity
Authors: Khabipov M , Gaydamachenko V , Kissling C , Dolata R , Zorin A B 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigated both theoretically and experimentally open-ended coplanar waveguide resonators with rf SQUIDs embedded in the central conductor at different positions. These rf SQUIDs can be tuned by an external magnetic field and thus may exhibit the non-centrosymmetric nonlinearity ofχ(2)type with suppressed Kerr nonlinearity. We demonstrated that this nonlinearity allows for efficient mixing ofλ/2andλmodes in the cavity and thus enables various parametric effects with three wave mixing. These effects are the second harmonic generation, the halftone generation, the parametric amplification in both degenerate and non-degenerate regimes and deamplification in degenerate regime.
Unconventional steady states and topological phases in an open two-level non-Hermitian system
Authors: Xu Jian , Guo Youneng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Decoherence and non-Hermiticity are two different effects of the open quantum systems. Both of them have triggered many interesting phenomena. In this paper, we theoretically study an open two-level non-Hermitian system coupling to a dissipative environment by solving the vectorized Lindblad equation. This scheme provides us a powerful framework to address widespread open systems with gain, loss and dissipation. Our results show that there exist a new class of exceptional points and steady states due to the interplay between non-Hermiticity and decoherence. Furthermore, we also demonstrate a new-type topological properties of eigenstates with zero real-part of eigenvalues (Re[λ] = 0) which are corresponding to Fermi arcs. It is revealed that the phases of eigenstates located in Fermi arcs regime have a topological phase |π/2| which is totally unaffected by the dissipative environment. Our results provide a promising approach for further uncovering and understanding the intriguing properties of non-Hermitian open systems.
Development of data correction for the 1M Large Pixel Detector at the EuXFEL
Authors: Wheater R.M. , Hart M.D. , Veale M.C. , Wilson M.D. , Doblas-Jiménez D. , Turcato M. , Milne C. , Yousef H. , Khakhulin D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present the development of a gain correction process for the Large Pixel Detector (LPD) developed by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) for the Femtosecond X-Ray Experiment (FXE) instrument based at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL). LPD operates at 4.5 MHz as necessitated by EuXFEL's pulse timing structure and has a large dynamic range capturing a maximum of 105 photons/pixel @ 12 keV. Experiments at FXE require highly accurate measurements of relative changes in X-ray scattering intensity on the MHz timescale making a correction bringing LPD pixel outputs in line against a common axis essential to understanding experimental results. To facilitate the operational needs of LPD at FXE more than 1.5 billion correction coefficients are required, with corrections generated on a per pixel, per memory cell and per gain stage basis. By comparing output LPD signals to an independent reference diode a linear gain correction has been developed and applied to LPD data. Improvements in image quality have been quantified using the standard deviation in the measured intensity per pixel for a given radius from the beam centre. Improvements to detector uniformity of up to 30.0% are demonstrated in the medium gain stage and 15.9% in the high gain stage. This paper presents an in-depth view of the gain correction development process and further results.
SiC and Ion collectors as diagnostics of laser-generated plasma at intensity
of 1010W/cm2
Authors: Torrisi L. , Torrisi A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Characterization of non-equilibrium plasma by 1010 W/cm2 IR pulsed laser irradiating metallic targets in a vacuum, has been performed employing a Faraday cup as an ion collector (IC) and a SiC interdigitated detector, connected in time-of-flight (TOF) configuration.

Both detectors reveal the emitted fast UV and the slower plasma ions. The measure of energy of ions and photons has been evaluated using the TOF spectra and thin absorbers.

The fast semiconductor response and its high detection efficiency give a good benchmark measurement of radiations at low energy
emitted by plasma generated by ns laser pulses. Thanks to the IC detector response it is possible to evaluate the ion current emitted from the plasma. The simultaneous use of the two detectors allows to monitor and evaluate different plasma parameters, such as the time emission, the temperature, the maximum particle energy and charge state, and others.
Multi-Hamiltonian structure of the epidemics model accounting for vaccinations and a suitable test for the accuracy of its numerical solvers
Authors: Haas F , Kröger M , Schlickeiser R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We derive a generalized Hamiltonian formalism for a modified susceptible–infectious–recovered/removed (SIR) epidemic model taking into account the population V of vaccinated persons. The resulting SIRV model is shown to admit three possible functionally independent Hamiltonians and hence three associated Poisson structures. The reduced case of vanishing vaccinated sector shows a complete correspondence with the known Poisson structures of the SIR model. The SIRV model is shown to be expressible as an almost Nambu system, except for a scale factor function breaking the divergenceless property. In the autonomous case with time-independent stationary ratios k and b, the SIRV model is shown to be a maximally super-integrable system. For this case we test the accuracy of numerical schemes that are suited to solve the stiff set of SIRV differential equations.
A critical review on mechanically alloyed high entropy alloys: processing challenges and properties
Authors: Kumar Akshay , Singh Alok , Suhane Amit 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh entropy alloys are an innovative class of materials for a wide range of industrial applications due to their competitive properties such as improved mechanical properties, superior wear resistance characteristics, and excellent corrosion behavior, which are widely desired for a variety of applications considering several attributes such as economical, eco-friendly and safety. Thus, the quest for high-performance materials with exceptional properties is an unfading research topic for researchers, academia, and metallurgical scientists. HEA presents a novel alloy design idea focused on multi principal elements, a huge compositional space, and more opportunities to develop diverse alloys with exceptional properties. As universally acknowledged, the immense potential in compositions, microstructures, and properties has sparked a great interest in this field. Researchers primarily focused on equimolar HEAs, but the precedent eventually shifted to non-equimolar alloys. As the investigation over HEAs progressed, four core effects were identified as the most important aspects in enabling the distinct characteristics. Mechanical alloying (MA), followed by the sintering approach, has piqued the interest of all researchers focusing on HEA development. As a result, the main intent of this study is to examine mechanically alloyed HEAs critically for mechanical properties, tribological behavior, corrosion behavior, and functional properties. Furthermore, the predominant challenges and their conceivable prospects are also deliberated that offer novelty to this review article.