bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal biomechanical properties in vernal keratoconjunctivitis and its subtypes: a preliminary study
Authors: Zhang Xueling , Huang Feifei , Qiu Jini , yang Yujing , Zhang Chaoran 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the corneal biomechanical properties (CBPs) of patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and the discrepancies among three subtypes of VKC including palpebral, limbal, and mixed forms.
Methods
Forty eyes of 20 VKC patients and twenty eyes of 10 non-VKC patients were included in this case-control study. Patients with VKC were further divided into three subtypes (6 patients in Palpebral form, 5 patients in limbal form, and 9 patients in mixed form). The CBPs of all patients were obtained from the Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST).
Results
First applanation (A1) length, Ambrosio relational thickness in horizontal (ARTh), and stiffness parameter at first applanation (SP-A1) were significantly lower in the VKC group while A1 velocity was significantly higher in the VKC group (p < 0.05), compared to the non-VKC group. Furthermore, A1 velocity presented a positive correlation with disease course (p < 0.05). In addition, VKC patients of limbal form had lower central corneal thickness (CCT), SP-A1, and higher deformation amplitude ratio (DA ratio), compared to the other two subtypes (p < 0.05). Besides, patients in limbal form had higher A1 velocity, integrated radius, and corneal biomechanical index (CBI) compared with mixed form, and lower A1 length than palpebral form (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The corneas of VKC patients were softer and more protruded compared with the control group, and the property of steepness was closely related to disease course. VKC patients in limbal form were more inclined to be keratoconus than the other two subtypes due to their CBPs` discrepancies.
Design, Analysis and Evaluation of a Lightweight Symmetric Key Stream Generator for Smart Meter and Autonomous Vehicle Security
Authors: HEDIYAL NAGARAJ , Divakar B P 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The security of the smart grid and autonomous vehicles is the cause for concern as they function with the aid of heterogeneous networks formed by information & communication technologies. These technologies employ different standards and protocols to operate, resulting in security issues. The issue of security can be mitigated by applying cryptographic solutions. The basic requirements of security solutions must be lightweight in terms of hardware complexity, cost, least computation time, memory, and other resources. This paper proposes a symmetric key stream generator that satisfies the requirements of being a lightweight solution. An experimental setup developed around a popular Arduino nano-platform was used to implement the proposed symmetric key generator. Also, a statistical test suite was developed to conduct statistical tests on the output bit stream of the proposed symmetric key generator. The proposed symmetric key generator and its output bit stream were subjected to mathematical, experimental, statistical, security, and comparative analysis to validate its suitability for smart grid and autonomous vehicle security. The results have proved that the proposed symmetric-key generator is indeed suitable for smart grid and autonomous vehicle security.
Habitat suitability and distribution of endangered Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis Ruppell 1840) and the potential effects of climate change on its habitat in the Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Seid , Kufa Chala Adugna , Atickem Anagaw , Yihune Mesele , Bekele Afework 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
An endangered Ethiopian wolf has been declining because of climate change coupled with various anthropogenic disturbances, resulted in restricted geographic distribution. Knowledge of the effects of these stressors on animal distribution is vital to promoting conservation campaigns and implementing effective management strategies. We used the MaxEnt algorithm to model habitat suitability of the Ethiopian wolf and project the potential effects of future climate changes on the predicted habitat distribution. We used to project changes in habitat distribution of a taxon under three shared socio-economic pathways (low (ssp126), intermediate (ssp245), and worst (ssp585)) future climate change scenarios. Our findings revealed the maximum temperature of the warmest month and ecoregion had the highest percent contributions, 65.4 and 16.1, respectively. The predicted potential suitable habitat under the current conditions was lower 2.45% (2779658 ha) compared to the total area of Ethiopia. The projected suitable areas of C. simensis under future climate change showed that an increase, range shifts, fragmentation, and small in availability were observed. To resolve these issues, habitat restoration, reduction of anthropogenic pressures, and climate change mitigation should be emphasized to improve the conservation of endemic species, including C. simensis. To further understand the possible implications of biotic variables on Ethiopian wolf habitat suitability and distribution, more research on the ecological niches of a taxon connected with its prey species overlap is needed.
Capsaicin microcapsules with high encapsulation efficiency and storage stability based on sodium caseinate-acetylated wheat starch: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Zhang Bo , Liang Wei , Zhao Wenqing , Zheng Jiayu , Ge Xiangzhen , Shen Huishan , Zhang Xiuyun , Lu Yifan , Sun Zhuangzhuang , Ospankulova Gulnazym , Li Wenhao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To improve the stability of capsaicin, different mass ratios of sodium caseinate and acetylated wheat starch (10:0, 9:1,7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 1:9, 0:10) were used as the wall material to prepare the emulsion, and it was microencapsulated by spray drying technology. The results showed that the sodium caseinate and wheat starch acetate exhibited a perfect emulsification effect. The composite wall material could significantly improve the encapsulation degree of the whole system, and the highest was 84.05% (3:7). The shape of the capsaicin microcapsule was almost spherical, and the size was not uniform, while the color and dispersion of the particles were consistent. The capsaicin microcapsules had a high solubility between 77.88% and 97.64%. The retention rates of capsaicin prepared with the sodium caseinate/wheat starch acetate ratio were 7:3, 5:5 and 3:7 exhibited high storage stability, which was more than 60.00% after 15 days of storage at different light and temperatures. This study may provide more theoretical support for applying starch acetate in edible vectors and expand the application range of capsaicin.
Individual Immune Cell and Cytokine Profiles Impact Platelet-Rich Plasma Composition
Authors: Niemann Marcel , Ort Melanie , Streitz Mathias , Wilhelm Andreas , Grütz Gerald , Fleckenstein Florian N. , Graef Frank , Blankenstein Antje , Reinke Simon , Stöckle Ulrich , Perka Carsten , Duda Georg N. , Geißler Sven , Winkler Tobias , Maleitzke Tazio 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is increasingly popular to treat musculoskeletal diseases, including tendinopathies and osteoarthritis (OA). To date, it remains unclear to which extent PRP compositions are determined by the immune profile of individuals or by the preparation method. To investigate this, we compared leukocyte and cytokine distributions of different PRP products to donor blood samples.Design: For each of three PRP preparations (ACP®, Angel™, and nSTRIDE® APS), products were derived using blood samples from twelve healthy donors. The cellular composition of PRP products was analyzed by flow cytometry using DURAClone antibody panels (DURAClone IM Phenotyping Basic and DURAClone IM T Cell Subsets). The MESO QuickPlex SQ 120 system was used to assess cytokine profiles (V-PLEX Proinflammatory Panel 1 Human Kit, Meso Scale Discovery). Results: All three PRP products showed elevated portions of leukocytes compared to baseline levels in donor blood (p < 0.0001). Further, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ (p = 0.039) and TNF-α (p = 0.013) were significantly increased in nSTRIDE® APS samples compared to donor blood and other PRP products. The characteristics of all other cytokines and immune cells from the donor blood, including pro-inflammatory T cell subsets, were maintained in all PRP products.Conclusions: Individuals with elevated levels of cells with pro-inflammatory properties maintain these in the final PRP products. The concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines strongly varies between PRP products. These observations may help to unravel the previously described heterogeneous response to PRP in OA therapy. Both the individual’s immune profile and the concentration method appear to impact the final PRP product.Trial registration: This study was prospectively registered in the Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS) on 4th November 2021 (registration number DRKS00026175).
Identification of breast cancer targets by functional genetic screening of overexpressed genes for tumor-promoting function and tumor cell dependency
Authors: Mofunanya Adaobi , Powers Scott , Celeste Frank , Zhao Xiaoyu , Cameron Eleanor , Braun Christian , Hemann Michael , Scott Kenneth , Li Jinyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
There are several hundreds of genes overexpressed in a typical breast cancer cell, and their overexpression is often assumed to have a pro-cancer function, but what percentage of these overexpressed genes have a role in promoting and maintaining tumorigenicity isn’t known. To address this question, we screened an unbiased set of seventy-five genes overexpressed in breast cancer for their ability to induce malignant transformation and for breast cancer cell expression dependency. Barcoded open-reading frames under the control of a constitutive promoter were tested by pooled screening for their ability to promote tumor formation of premalignant mammary epithelial cells and growth in 2D and 3D culture. We found that growth in 3D cell culture was more strongly correlated with tumorigenic growth than was 2D growth, validating a long-standing hypothesis. Genes with high activity in promoting both 3D growth and in vivo tumor formation included CEACAM5, CXCL8, NKX2-5, PYGO2 and WWTR1/TAZ. To screen for corresponding tumor dependencies on these six genes, we performed shRNA screening of breast cancer cell lines and found uniform dependency on expression of the Hippo pathway transcriptional activator WWTR1, selective dependencies on CEACAM5 expression, but no consistent effects for the other three genes. Since breast cancer dependency upon WWTR1 is well established, we focused our follow-up studies on CEACAM5. We confirmed that CEACAM5 overexpression conferred tumorigenicity to pre-malignant mammary epithelial cells and that reduced expression selectively decreased the clonogenicity of luminal breast cancer cell lines. Protein analysis indicated that CEACAM5 activated Cdk4/6 and mTOR signaling. We also determined that CEACAM5 overexpression strongly promoted cell number increase in 3D spheroid culture by a novel mechanism that increased the number of epithelial cell layers from a single layer to multiple layers. These results outline a strategy for functional genomic identification of cancer targets, starting with a set of genes overexpressed in cancer, then using pooled approaches to identify those that promote tumorigenicity and cancer cell dependency, followed by validation experiments and exploration of oncogenic mechanisms. We propose that larger screens would substantially increase the number of potential targets for treating breast cancer.
Community Detection Using Various Deep Algorithms: a Review
Authors: Ankem Gopi Chand , Singh Dhanpratap 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Communities represent similar interests, similar opinions, similar functions. Complex networks are gained much attention with the advancement of the internet in the owing to their prominence and popularity in recent years. Community detection is a significant and tremendously beneficial implementation in both technical and data study. However, relevance of classic community identification approaches such as a spectral community and statistical inference, are decreasing as deep learning algorithms reveal a growing ability with excellent performance to handle high-dimensional data. As a result, the present review divides this subject into three key streams: Graph neural networks (GNN), deep neural networks (DNN), deep graph embedding (DGE). Jia proposed a best algorithm over overlapping communities with 0.98 accuracy by using Graph embedding. This paper outlines the contributions of many algorithms, models, and frameworks in an individual stream, as well as the present difficulties that remain unresolved and upcoming prospects that remain unexplored.
Methodology to optimize rainwater tank sizing and cluster configuration for a group of buildings
Authors: Jersain Gómez Núñez , Magdalena García Martínez , Rojacques Mompremier , A. González Beltrán Beatriz , Dagmar Barceló Quintal Icela 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The behavior of a rainwater harvesting system depends on some variables that cannot be controlled, such as precipitation, building roof size and water demand. The selection regarding rainwater tank-size will affect the performance of the system and the cost-benefit ratio. The criterion employed for this selection is based on the need for volume-storage and typically, yield large-sized rainwater-tanks, especially when the amount of rainwater is higher during rainy seasons. This article presents a methodology for modelling the rainwater harvesting, storage, and water consumption, for different configurations of a set of buildings, called clusters, where all buildings collect, store and same collected water. This methodology allows for analyzing based on different indicators what is the best recommended configuration and tank sizing, based on configuration and storage ratio exhibited, thus avoiding the situation of being underutilized. The proposed methodology is applied to case of study at a university (Mexico). In this study case, the dynamics per day is modeled over a year, considering monthly rainfall averages, over 2 groups made up of 4 buildings with different collecting capabilities and consumption each, allowing for the analysis of 9 cluster configurations and 4 tank sizing dimensions. The results are analyzed by means of annual indicators such as: the decrease in the volume of water used from the public network, the days of autonomy of the system, and a coefficient R (which relates the volume spilled to the empty volume). This coefficient is then used selection regarding tank sizing and the most recommended cluster configuration.
IgE-Immunoadsorption for severe allergy to multiple foods: a case series of five children
Authors: Arasi Stefania , Piscitelli Anna Lucia , Cafarotti Arianna , Marziani Beatrice , Pecora Valentina , Dahdah Lamia , Leone Giovanna , Bracaglia Giorgia , Porzio Ottavia , Muda Andrea Onetti , Fiocchi Alessandro 
Published: May 2022

Background: Children with severe atopic status may present high
risk of fatal or near fatal anaphylaxis and a highly impaired quality of
life. Omalizumab has been shown to be a promising approach as
monotherapy for severe allergy to multiple foods. However, very high
serum total IgE levels may limit its use. Objective: To assess
the efficacy of selective IgE-immunoadsorption (IgE-IA) on total IgE
levels and threshold of reactivity to the culprit foods in children with
history of severe anaphylaxis due to multiple foods and allergic
comorbidities. Methods: In this single-center, prospective,
open-label efficacy study we evaluated children with severe asthma,
allergy to 2+foods and total IgE levels >2,300 kUI/L. To
establish the food reactivity threshold, each patient underwent oral
food challenges (OFCs) before and after IgE-IA. Results: Five
patients (4 males; age, 10.9±5 years, mean±SD), underwent an average of
three (range 2–5) sessions of IgE-IA. Each session reduced IgE levels
by a mean of 1,958.87 kUI/L. After the IgE-IA cycle, serum total IgE
dropped from 3,948±1,652.7 (mean±SD) to 360.8±71.89 kUI/L (-10.94 folds;
p=0.01). The threshold of reactivity (No Observed Adverse Effect Level,
NOAEL) tested at OFCs for the culprit foods
(4baked-milk+2baked-egg+1lentil+2hazelnut+1wheat) increased overall from
21.51 (median, IQR 1.49-82.62) protein milligrams to 1,114.99
(837.2-4,222.8) milligrams (p<.001), ie. up to 51.8 times
higher than baseline. 8/10 OFCs were negative after IgE-IA.
Conclusions: IgE-IA increased food threshold quickly. It can be
considered in well-selected patients with severe food allergies and high
IgE-levels especially if otherwise eligible to anti – IgE treatments.
UHI in Fortaleza and trends on screen-level air temperature and precipitation
Authors: Afrânio Coelho, 
Published: May 2022

There is a consensus that Urban Heat Island phenomenon - UHI occurs in
every large city. This effect is characterized by higher air
temperatures in cities than in the neighboring countryside at night.
However, to date, there has been no systematic study on the Fortaleza
case, the Brazil’s 5th largest city. By the comparison between
screen-level air temperature measured by two automatic weather stations,
one located in the city and the other in the neighboring region, this
work shows the occurrence of the UHI in Fortaleza, even during the rainy
season. In an attempt to find some effect of the UHI on precipitation
(and vice-versa), historical series of air temperature and precipitation
were analyzed from 1966 to 2020. Besides the considerable increase in
air temperature over the years, a slight downward trend was observed in
UHI and even more in accumulated precipitation between the hours of
15:00 and 21:00 (local time). However, one believes that these trends
may be related to climate change at large scale rather than an urban
scale.
A View of Milton and the Traditional
Authors: Kranidas Thomas 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Milton's view of the traditional in literature is usually deduced from a handful of orthodox statements on style and genre. In fact, Milton's attitude ought to be deduced from the whole range of his poetry and prose. In the prose, where Milton continually comments on problems of language, he steadily condemns unthinking use of authority. His hostility to the merely traditional ought to give us freedom to treat the poetry with emphasis on its own coherence rather than on consistency with the precepts and models of tradition. In treating the War in Heaven, we ought to allow the possibility of comedy when the local texture urges it on us and we might even see the episode as a part of a continuous organic metaphor in the middle of the poem, a great “bodily” disturbance which ends with the evacuation of evil from Heaven. Milton never avoids the challenging of good by evil, in his ideas, in his symbolic structures, in his very style.
Satan's Metamorphoses: The Internal Speech
Authors: Stein Arnold 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Beginning with Book IV, Satan's new career forces the orator and master of disguise to speak to himself. The first stage of inner conflict shows the gaps and exchanges between his knowledge and his feeling. Though there are counter-movements, the direction and shape of the conflict present a Satan choosing to integrate himself at a level that favors efficiency of purpose. As the inner life narrows, the art of the narrative voice takes up the moments of greatest intensity and keeps the sense of conflict alive. In effect, Satan transforms himself and does so according to the traditions of moral law. The internal speech demonstrates how he maneuvers himself, freely expressing the passions, motives, and selective awareness by which he moves, but which govern him—so that he is at once “voluntary” agent and victim.
“Uncloister'd Virtue”: Adam and Eve in Milton's Paradise
Authors: Blackburn Thomas H. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Milton, following Genesis, dates man's Fall from his eating the fruit of the “Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil,” yet in Paradise Lost Adam and Eve know evil before they disobey God's command. Set forth in part in Raphael's instructive discourses and acknowledged in the speeches of Adam and Eve themselves, this prelapsarian knowledge is conceptual. It makes Adam and Eve free and responsible moral agents, but is not therefore incompatible with innocence: they may “see, and know, and yet abstain.” The series of choices they survive in innocence proves them “sufficient to have stood,” yet also foreshadows their corruption by manifesting potentialities which make them “free to fall.” By eating the fruit they for the first time actualize evil in their own existence, and the “event” for which the tree is named is this new and catastrophic knowledge of evil as an experienced actuality. The Fall is neither the inexplicable ruin of an ignorant bliss nor the inevitable result of a flawed creation. Milton's conception of a knowledgeable, yet sinless, innocence not only is congruent with his analysis of virtue in Areopagitica, but also makes possible a narrative rendering of the Fall which is coherent, credible, and dramatic.
“Comus” and the Castlehaven Scandal
Authors: Breasted Barbara 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The cuts made for the first performance of Comus tend to reduce the explicit sexual content of the Lady's and Comus’ speeches. This decorum, and the “cleansing family ritual” of the masque itself, were probably designed to repair the Bridgewater family's reputation, damaged by the trial and execution, three years before, of the Earl of Castlehaven and two of his servants for sexual crimes. Testimony and reports of the trial in diaries and letters describe the rape and promiscuity of the Earl's wife (sister to the Countess of Bridgewater), homosexuality between the Earl and his servants, and the conversion of Elizabeth Audley (Alice Egerton's twelve-year-old cousin) into a “whore.” Letters of the Countess Dowager of Derby, for whom Milton wrote Arcades, reveal her distress over the scandal and her efforts to obtain pardons for her daughter and granddaughter. For the first audience, seeing Lady Alice Egerton act out her resistance to sexual temptation, Comus affirmed the Bridgewaters’ possession of the aristocratic virtues which their relatives so notoriously lacked.
Christ's Nativity and the Pagan Deities
Authors: Hyman Lawrence W. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
In reading the Nativity Ode, the sense of loss that we feel at the disappearance of the pagan gods is genuine, but it does not interfere with the unity of the poem. For the coming of Christ is also presented in a paradoxical manner: the Prince of Light comes to us in darkness, the all-powerful God in a “house of mortal clay.” We should therefore not be surprised that the arrival of Christianity, which will eventually make all life divine, has as its first result the banishment of what men had thought of as divine—the false gods. The ambivalent attitude towards the pagan gods is thus continuous with the paradox of Christ; and the poem, although complex in bringing together contradictory feelings, is unified in tone.