bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autogenous and drying shrinkage of structural concretes incorporating recycled concrete aggregates from different sources
Authors: Amario Mayara , Pepe Marco , Rangel Caroline Santana , Toledo Filho Romildo Dias 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe main relevant difference between recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) in comparison with the companion natural ones, is the presence of the Attached Mortar content which confers to the RCAs higher porosity and, consequently, higher water absorption capacity. In the last decades, several studies have been performed worldwide for unveiling the role of the employed RCAs on the resulting concrete mixture performances at both fresh and hardened states. On the other hand, the effects of RCA on the early‐age and/or long‐term concrete deformations (e.g., shrinkage) are still very limited. In this context, this article summarizes the results of a wide experimental campaign aimed at evaluating the influence of RCAs on the autogenous and drying shrinkage of normal (35 MPa) and high (60 MPa) strength recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) mixtures. A total of 10 mixtures were realized by considering the variation of both the original source and size of employed RCAs. The results showed a clear correlation between the intrinsic properties (i.e., Attached Mortar content) of the employed RCAs and the resulting concrete deformation. Moreover, although the drying shrinkage is higher for RAC mixtures, the presence of a more porous aggregates mitigates the observed autogenous shrinkage. Consequently, the overall total shrinkage result to be almost unaffected by the presence of the recycled particles.
Attempts to introduce a system of national, racial and/or ethnocultural discrimination in codes of biological nomenclature should not be tolerated: Comments on some recent proposals (Wright & Gillman, 2022, etc.)
Authors: Mosyakin Sergei L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith their article “Restoring indigenous names in taxonomy”, Gillman & Wright (2020) initiated a discussion that culminated in a set of proposals to amend theInternational Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants(ICN) by allowing the retroactive replacement of scientific names and/or epithets of plants and other organisms in favor of “indigenous names” (vernacular names used by Indigenous Peoples). Here I emphasize several main topics and questions critically important for the suggested implementation of the proposals by Wright and Gillman. My conclusions regarding the proposals by Wright and Gillman are as follows. The “definition” of Indigenous People proposed by Wright and Gillman for theICNis dramatically different from the working definitions and identification/self‐identification criteria of Indigenous Peoples provided in the UNDeclaration on the rights of Indigenous Peoples(United Nations, 2007) and other relevant international documents. That “definition” is vague, potentially discriminatory, may bring unnecessary conflicts, and cannot be used in practice. Nomenclatural committees and the taxonomic community as a whole should not be involved in political debates about which peoples are indigenous and which are not, which bodies represent those peoples and which do not have that right. Giving special privileges in nomenclature to some groups of Indigenous Peoples but not to other peoples with comparable levels of traditional knowledge would be an act of unexplainable and unjustified discrimination. The argument of “demonstrable chronological priority” of vernacular “indigenous” names over scientific names used by Wright and Gillman is irrelevant in biological nomenclature and taxonomy and cannot be used in practice. The proposal to allow the use of “indigenous” diacritics in biological nomenclature would result in allowance of dozens diacritic signs actually used by various Indigenous ethnic groups, and should not be accepted. The replacement procedure proposed by Wright and Gillman will not work as they intended because they failed to outline workable rules for it. Science (the scientific nomenclature of organisms included) should not be biased or distorted politically, racially, ethnically, socially, genderly, religiously or otherwise. Any attempts or proposals aimed at granting preferences in biological nomenclature to any political, racial, ethnic, social, gender, religious or other group or groups should be rejected as discriminatory acts. Consequently, the “proposals” by Wright and Gillman should be rejected by the international community of taxonomists of plants, fungi, and algae.
Collective memory and autobiographical memory: Perspectives from the humanities and cognitive sciences
Authors: Heux Lucrèce , Rathbone Clare , Gensburger Sarah , Clifford Rebecca , Souchay Céline 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe current overview provides an interdisciplinary synthesis of autobiographical and collective memory studies, focusing on history and cognitive psychology, to help other scholars bridge the disciplinary gap. We describe the various interpretative frameworks used to build theoretical knowledge on how autobiographical memory and collective memory are intertwined. We expose how research exploring self, social and directive functions of autobiographical memory echoes three main functions that can be identified for collective memory, that is, social identity, social schemata, and means for actions, or a political decision tool of research in these fields. In doing so, we hope to stimulate opportunities for more interdisciplinary research.This article is categorized under:
Psychology > Memory
Psychology > Theory and Methods
Error control in tree structured hypothesis testing
Authors: Miecznikowski Jeffrey C. , Wang Jiefei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis manuscript reviews some recent and popular error control methods for tree structured hypothesis testing. We review a common setting/definition for hypotheses arranged in a tree structure and we discuss two common Type I errors present in multiple testing: family wise error rates (FWERs) and false discovery rate (FDR). We also contrast these methods with a recent development designed to control the false selection rate (FSR). We discuss the algorithms used to implement these error controls and the strategies used to navigate tree structures in light of these errors. We highlight the assumptions necessary in these strategies, summarize the available R software packages to implement these approaches, and show them at work on an example.This article is categorized under:
Data: Types and Structure > Image and Spatial Data
Applications of Computational Statistics > Genomics/Proteomics/Genetics
Data: Types and Structure > Microarrays
ExplainFix: Explainable spatially fixed deep networks
Authors: Gaudio Alex , Faloutsos Christos , Smailagic Asim , Costa Pedro , Campilho Aurélio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIs there an initialization for deep networks that requires no learning? ExplainFix adopts two design principles: the “fixed filters” principle that all spatial filter weights of convolutional neural networks can be fixed at initialization and never learned, and the “nimbleness” principle that only few network parameters suffice. We contribute (a) visual model‐based explanations, (b) speed and accuracy gains, and (c) novel tools for deep convolutional neural networks. ExplainFix gives key insights that spatially fixed networks should have a steered initialization, that spatial convolution layers tend to prioritize low frequencies, and that most network parameters are not necessary in spatially fixed models. ExplainFix models have up to ×100 fewer spatial filter kernels than fully learned models and matching or improved accuracy. Our extensive empirical analysis confirms that ExplainFix guarantees nimbler models (train up to 17% faster with channel pruning), matching or improved predictive performance (spanning 13 distinct baseline models, four architectures and two medical image datasets), improved robustness to larger learning rate, and robustness to varying model size. We are first to demonstrate that all spatial filters in state‐of‐the‐art convolutional deep networks can be fixed at initialization, not learned.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Machine Learning
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Explainable AI
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data Mining
Magnetically‐activated lipid nanocarriers in biomedical applications: A review of current status and perspective
Authors: Sun Xiaohan , Tan Angel , Boyd Ben J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMagnetically‐activated lipid nanocarriers have become a research hotspot in the field of biomedicine. Liposomes and other lipid‐based carriers possess good biocompatibility as well as the ability to carrying therapeutic cargo with a range of physicochemical properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that magnetic materials have potential wide applications in clinical diagnosis and therapy, such as in MRI as contrast agents and in hyperthermic obliteration of cancer tissues. More recently magneto‐thermal activation of lipid carriers to stimulate drug release has extended the range of further therapeutic benefits. Here, an overview of the current development of magnetically‐activated lipid nanocarriers in the field of biomedicine is provided, including the methods of fabrication of the nanocarriers and their in vitro and in vivo performance. A discussion of the current barriers to translation of these materials as medicines is provided in the context of clinical and regulatory complexities of using magnetically responsive materials in therapeutic applications.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid‐Based Structures
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Multiple Users’ Experiences of an AI-Aided Educational Platform for Teaching and Learning
Authors: Niu Shuanghong Jenny , Li Xiaoqing , Luo Jiutong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter aims to provide a better understanding of how AI technology can be used to assist in teaching and learning at schools. The Smart Learning Partner (SLP) educational platform is based on AI technology to provide new possibilities for individualized learning and more educational resources. We used a case study approach to investigate how this AI-aided SLP platform helped to assist in teaching and learning from the multiple users’ perspectives of students, teachers, and the principal at a Chinese school. This chapter starts with a description of AI used in education and learning. The AI-aided SLP educational platform is then presented to illustrate in what ways it works to assist in teaching and learning. Based on the users’ self-reported experience, this platform can support students’ learning by providing students with individualized diagnostic feedback and assessments as well as information about the progress of their learning. In addition, students receive recommendations of micro lectures from the platform to aid improvement based on the students’ assessment results. Additionally, students can also access various micro lectures according to their interests. This platform provides teachers with reports of real-time learning situations and progress at the individual or class level. Accordingly, teachers can better adjust their pedagogical decision and teaching according to the students’ needs. The principal used the information to allocate resources and assist in curriculum planning at school. In conclusion, all users positively stated that this AI-aided SLP platform assisted in teaching and learning at school even though there were still certain challenges. At the end of the chapter, recommendations for the future platform design are offered.
Curiosity and Interactive Learning in Artificial Systems
Authors: Haber Nick 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs “scientists in the crib,” children learn through curiosity, tirelessly seeking novelty and information as they interact—really, play—with both physical objects and the people around them. This flexible capacity to learn about the world through intrinsically motivated interaction continues throughout life. How would we engineer an artificial, autonomous agent that learns in this way – one that flexibly interacts with its environment, and others within it, in order to learn as humans do? In this chapter, I will first motivate this question by describing important advances in artificial intelligence in the last decade, noting ways in which artificial learning within these methods are and are not like human learning. I will then give an overview of recent results in artificial intelligence aimed at replicating curiosity-driven interactive learning. I will then close by speculating on how AI that learns in this fashion could be used as fine-grained computational models of human learning.
Introduction
Authors: Bielejewski Aaron 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolicing is one of those defining concepts of modernity about which much has written—to the point where it is difficult to imagine that there is much left to be said—that is, at the same time, decisively modern. The modern conceptualization of police referring to a fixed and commonly identifiable role, occupation and organization, rather than simply a practice performed by the state through its various arms and agents, is not yet 200 years old. Egon Bittner wrote that, “the most remarkable fact about the timing of the foundation of the modern police is that it is sequentially the last of the basic building blocks in the structure of modern executive government.”
Our Town: The Sociology of Policing Communities
Authors: Bielejewski Aaron 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMarshal Will Kane of Hadleyville, in the New Mexico Territory, has recently married and is looking forward to retirement and leaving his frontier town behind to open a store and raise a family. When word comes that the outlaw Frank Miller is returning to town and seeking vengeance against Kane, the marshal decides to remain on duty for one more day to prevent Miller and his gang from overrunning the town before the replacement marshal can arrive. Even as the judge who sentenced Miller to prison, the bitter deputy who was passed over for the job as marshal, and Will’s predecessor either refuse to help or prepare to flee the town, the marshal remains adamant.
Setting the Stage: Setting, Method, and Perspective
Authors: Bielejewski Aaron 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present study is based on fieldwork accompanying on-duty (and occasionally off-duty) police officers in the pseudonymous county of Falkenmark in the German state of Brandenburg in 2014 and 2015. The primary focus was on the officers of the Revierpolizei, but observations were also made with additional units and unstructured interviews were conducted with a variety of officers and administrators.
Violence and the Police
Authors: Bielejewski Aaron 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe tasks and types of work performed by the police are legion; theoretical approaches to explaining police behavior have often either stumbled in the attempt to include such diverse and seemingly unrelated acts or fallen into the trap of viewing policing as simply the gateway to the criminal justice system and only focusing on the law enforcement tasks prescribed by judicial or administrative institutions. One consistent common thread running through conceptualizations of police work is the inclusion of violence and risk.
Community Tales: Storytelling, Experience, and Local Knowledge
Authors: Bielejewski Aaron 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolice culture is often cited with regards to practical explorations of the police, in particular as a hindrance to effective reform. Yet the term itself very often seems to be haphazardly used without regard to understanding what a police or policing-specific culture would be beyond daily work routines. The relevance of police culture to police practice tends to focus on two connections: the police culture, in abstract, as a source of policing norms; and the realm of police storytelling and mythologizing.
The Police and Community Maintenance
Authors: Bielejewski Aaron 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolice work, as described in the research literature, as well as popular culture, media depictions, and within the war stories, jokes, and anecdotes of the occupational culture of policing—is full of contradictions. The mandate of the police to enforce the law has long been identified as superficial at best, and generally undesirable as a priority, with law enforcement instead serving as a capability which serves the greater function of order-maintenance or peacekeeping.
Postscript: Retrospective Auto-ethnography
Authors: Bielejewski Aaron 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe field research that formed the basis of this study was, as is usually the case, the result of various serendipitous processes, decisions by myself and others that cannot be rationally explained either in the moment or in hindsight, and ended rather unceremoniously based on sudden, subtle shifts in the political winds. These are all elements that are not only common to the point of cliché in fieldwork, but are in themselves central elements of the analysis. Gaining access to a research site and establishing the means to even begin collecting data are not simply hurdles to conducting research, as more traditionalist models might indicate, but are themselves the first real glimpses of a new world.
Health-related quality of life after severe trauma and available PROMS: an updated review (part I)
Authors: Lotfalla Annesimone , Halm Jens , Schepers Tim , Giannakópoulos Georgios 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Throughout the years, a decreasing trend in mortality rate has been demonstrated in patients suffering severe trauma. This increases the relevance of documentation of other outcomes for this population, including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), such as health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this review was to summarize the results of the studies that have been conducted regarding HRQoL in severely injured patients (as defined by the articles’ authors). Also, we present the instruments that are used most frequently to assess HRQoL in patients suffering severe trauma.

Methods
A literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science for articles published from inception until the 1st of January 2022. Reference lists of included articles were reviewed as well. Studies were considered eligible when a population of patients with major, multiple or severe injury and/or polytrauma was included, well-defined by means of an ISS-threshold, and the outcome of interest was described in terms of (HR)QoL. A narrative design was chosen for this review.

Results
The search strategy identified 1583 articles, which were reduced to 113 after application of the eligibility criteria. In total, nineteen instruments were used to assess HRQoL. The SF-36 was used most frequently, followed by the EQ-5D and SF-12. HRQoL in patients with severe trauma was often compared to normative population norms or pre-injury status, and was found to be reduced in both cases, regardless of the tool used to assess this outcome. Some studies demonstrated higher scoring of the patients over time, suggesting improved HRQoL after considerable time after severe trauma.

Conclusion
HRQoL in severely injured patients is overall reduced, regardless of the instrument used to assess it. The instruments that were used most frequently to assess HRQoL were the SF-36 and EQ-5D. Future research is needed to shed light on the consequences of the reduced HRQoL in this population. We recommend routine assessment and documentation of HRQoL in severely injured patients.
Quantification of LDL-Cholesterol Corrected for Molar Concentration of Lipoprotein(a)
Authors: Rosenson Robert S. , López J. Antonio G. , Monsalvo Maria Laura , Wu You , Wang Huei , Marcovina Santica M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Cholesterol in lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)-C] is commonly estimated as 30% of the measured Lp(a) mass. However, difficulties in the accurate measurement of Lp(a) mass, along with the inaccuracy of the 30% assumption, produce erroneous values when LDL-C is corrected for Lp(a) [LDL-CLp(a)corr]. Our aim was to develop a new formula for LDL-CLp(a)corr to reduce this error.

Methods
We developed a new formula to calculate Lp(a)-C from the molar measurement of Lp(a), which is Lp(a) nmol/L × 0.077 = Lp(a)-C mg/dL. The calculated Lp(a)-C is subtracted from LDL-C to obtain LDL-CLp(a)corr. The results obtained with our novel formula versus the conventional formula were compared in 440 samples from 239 participants enrolled in the BANTING study.

Results
With the conventional formula, approximately 7% of samples with low LDL-C resulted in negative LDL-CLp(a)corr values. With the new formula, no negative LDL-CLp(a)corr values occurred. Among groups with the highest Lp(a)/apoB ratio (p < 0.001) and smaller apolipoprotein(a) isoform size (p < 0.006), LDL-CLp(a)corr was significantly underestimated by the conventional formula, which may result in the undertreatment of some patients.

Conclusion
The new formula provides more reliable estimates of LDL-CLp(a)corr than the conventional formula.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02739984.
Edge Modes and Dressing Fields for the Newton–Cartan Quantum Hall Effect
Authors: Wolf William J. , Read James , Teh Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt is now well-known that Newton–Cartan theory is the correct geometrical setting for modelling the quantum Hall effect. In addition, in recent years edge modes for the Newton–Cartan quantum Hall effect have been derived. However, the existence of these edge modes has, as of yet, been derived using only orthodox methodologies involving the breaking of gauge-invariance; it would be preferable to derive the existence of such edge modes in a gauge-invariant manner. In this article, we employ recent work by Donnelly and Freidel in order to accomplish exactly this task. Our results agree with known physics, but afford greater conceptual insight into the existence of these edge modes: in particular, they connect them to subtle aspects of Newton–Cartan geometry and pave the way for further applications of Newton–Cartan theory in condensed matter physics.
The Open Past in an Indeterministic Physics
Authors: Santo Flavio Del , Gisin Nicolas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDiscussions on indeterminism in physics focus on the possibility of an open future, i.e. the possibility of having potential alternative future events, the realisation of one of which is not fully determined by the present state of affairs. Yet, can indeterminism affect also the past, making it open as well? We show that by upholding principles of finiteness of information one can entail such a possibility. We provide a toy model that shows how the past could be fundamentally indeterminate, while also explaining the intuitive (and observed) asymmetry between the past—which can be remembered, at least partially—and the future—which is impossible to fully predict.
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and Particle Trajectories
Authors: Aristarhov Serj 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper we critically analyse W. Heisenberg’s arguments against the ontology of point particles following trajectories in quantum theory, presented in his famous 1927 paper and in his Chicago lectures (1929). Along the way, we will clarify the meaning of Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation and help resolve some confusions related to it.