bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and Neural Dissociation of Social Anxiety and Loneliness
Authors: Lieberz Jana , Shamay-Tsoory Simone G. , Saporta Nira , Kanterman Alisa , Gorni Jessica , Esser Timo , Kuskova Ekaterina , Schultz Johannes , Hurlemann René , Scheele Dirk 
Published: February 2022

Loneliness is a public health concern with detrimental effects on physical and mental well-being. Given phenotypical overlaps between loneliness and social anxiety (SA), cognitive-behavioral interventions targeting SA might be adopted to reduce loneliness. However, whether SA and loneliness share the same underlying neurocognitive mechanisms is still an elusive question. The current study aimed at investigating to what extent known behavioral and neural correlates of social avoidance in SA are evident in loneliness. We used a prestratified approach involving 42 (21 females) participants with high loneliness (HL) and 40 (20 females) participants with low loneliness (LL) scores. During fMRI, participants completed a social gambling task to measure the subjective value of engaging in social situations and responses to social feedback. Univariate and multivariate analyses of behavioral and neural data replicated known task effects. However, although HL participants showed increased SA, loneliness was associated with a response pattern clearly distinct from SA. Specifically, contrary to expectations based on SA differences, Bayesian analyses revealed moderate evidence for equal subjective values of engaging in social situations and comparable amygdala responses to social decision-making and striatal responses to positive social feedback in both groups. Moreover, while explorative analyses revealed reduced pleasantness ratings, increased striatal activity, and decreased striatal-hippocampal connectivity in response to negative computer feedback in HL participants, these effects were diminished for negative social feedback. Our findings suggest that, unlike SA, loneliness is not associated with withdrawal from social interactions. Thus, established interventions for SA should be adjusted when targeting loneliness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLoneliness can cause serious health problems. Adapting well-established cognitive-behavioral therapies targeting social anxiety might be promising to reduce chronic loneliness given a close link between both constructs. However, a better understanding of behavioral and neurobiological factors associated with loneliness is needed to identify which specific mechanisms of social anxiety are shared by lonely individuals. We found that lonely individuals show a consistently distinct pattern of behavioral and neural responsiveness to social decision-making and social feedback compared with previous findings for social anxiety. Our results indicate that loneliness is associated with a biased emotional reactivity to negative events rather than social avoidance. Our findings thus emphasize the distinctiveness of loneliness from social anxiety and the need for adjusted psychotherapeutic protocols.
The Continued Rise of Venous Thromboembolism Across US Children’s Hospitals
Authors: O’Brien Sarah H , Stanek Joseph R , Witmer Char M , Raffini Leslie 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES
In 2009, a large multicenter study demonstrated that the rate of pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE) across US children’s hospitals had significantly increased from 2001 to 2007. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of pediatric VTE from 2008 to 2019 using similar methodology.

METHODS
A retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. Subjects from birth to &lt;18 years admitted from 2008 through 2019 who had an ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM code for VTE were included. Demographics, underling medical comorbidities and mortality were collected. VTE location and anticoagulation data during admission were extracted.

RESULTS
During the 12-year study period, there were 52 401 hospital admissions among 39 713 pediatric patients with a diagnosis of VTE. The VTE admission rate increased from 46 VTE cases per 10 000 admissions in 2008 to 106 VTE cases per 10 000 admissions in 2019, a 130% increase (P &lt; .0001) in VTE events. The median age at admission was 6.1 years, and almost one-third (31.3%) of patients with VTE were in the adolescent age group (13–17 years). Most patients (78%) had an underlying chronic medical condition.

CONCLUSIONS
The rate of VTE in hospitalized pediatric patients continues to increase from a 70% increase reported from 2001 to 2007 to the 130% increase from 2008 to 2019. These findings support the need for more effective VTE prevention strategies. Clinical trials focused on risk stratification and VTE prevention are needed.
İşsizlik süresine etki eden faktörlerin yaşam analizi yöntemleri ile araştırılması
Authors: Karapınar Deniz , Zorlutuna Şebnem 
Published: February 2022

İşsizlik, çalışabilecek durumda olan ve çalışma isteğinde olan kişilerin bir bölümünün çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı işlerinin olmamasını ifade etmektedir. İşsizlik ülkelerin sosyal ve ekonomik durumlarına göre farklılıklar gösterse de çoğu ülkenin en fazla mücadele ettiği sorunlardan biri olarak karşılaşılmaktadır. Türkiye de yıllar itibari ile hemen hemen her dönem görülen yüksek işsizlik oranları ile mücadele eden bir ülkedir. Bu sebeple işsizlik süresini etkileyen faktörlerin araştırılması oldukça önemlidir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı; 2015-2018 yıllarına ait TÜİK Yaşam ve Gelir Araştırması Anketi verilerinden yararlanarak yıllık işsizlik süresine etki eden faktörleri, ortalama işsizlik süresini Yaşam Analizi Yöntemleri ile belirlemektir. Çalışmada, yaşam analizi ile bireylerin referans yılında ortalama işsiz kalma süreleri tahmin edilmiştir. Yaşam analizi yöntemlerinden Yaşam Tablosu yöntemi kullanılarak bireylerin işsiz kalma olasılıkları, Kaplan-Meier ve Cox Regresyon yöntemi ile ortalama işsizlik süresi ve işsizliğe etki eden faktörler belirlenmiştir.
Дни рождения как источник избыточной смертности: диагностический состав причин смерти
Authors: Немцов Александр Викентьевич , Фаттахов Тимур Асфанович 
Published: February 2022

Постановка проблемы. Ранее было показано, что в России и в мире праздники сопровождаются ростом смертности, главным образом в Рождество и Новый год. А как обстоит дело с диагнозами избыточной смертности при праздновании дней рождений?
Материал и методы. С этой целью исследовали данные 16,77 млн умерших с 01.01.2011 по 31.12.2019 на предмет соотношения дат рождения и смерти. Во всех случаях даты рождения и смерти получили номер дня года. При совпадении этих номеров случаю смерти присваивали значение 0, при несовпадении – число дней различия с днем рождения до или после этого дня от ±1 до ±182. Эту процедуру проделывали как для смертности в целом, так и для 6 больших классов смертей и 8 видов внешних причин. Избыточную смертность в день рождения оценивали с помощью скользящей средней LOWESS (локально взвешенная полиномиальная регрессия), которая описывала смертность в непраздничные дни, а в праздничные дни ее перерывы заполняли линейной регрессией, которая служила показателем «естественной», непраздничной смертности в праздники.
Результаты. Выявлен значительный рост смертности в день рождения (4,0 тыс. в день за 9 лет), а всего избыточная смертность, связанная с днем рождения, составила 19,7 тыс. или 3,5% от «естественной» смертности. Главный вклад в избыточную смертность внесли болезни системы кровообращения (9,1 тыс.) и внешние причины (5,2 тыс.), а среди внешних причин самоубийства (1,3 тыс.), отравления алкоголем (1,0 тыс.) и повреждения с неопределенными намерениями (0,8 тыс.). Избыточная смертность в день рождения была пропорциональна непраздничной смертности. Исключение составили отравления алкоголем, которые в 2 раза превысили ожидаемое по будням число смертей. Особенность самоубийств состоит в том, что увеличение их количества начинается за 2 месяца до дня рождения с максимумом за 35 дней, последующим снижением и резким ростом в день рождения. Дальнейшая смертность от самоубийств имеет цикличность с максимумами на 7-й и 15-й дни после дня рождения. Сравнение с другими праздниками показало, что дни рождения по размерам избыточной смертности занимают промежуточное положение между Новым годом и другими государственными праздниками. Главным фактором избыточной смертности в праздники является злоупотребление крепкими спиртные напитками.
Заключение. День рождения, как и государственные праздники, сопровождается ростом смертности. Легко предположить, что потери этим не исчерпываются: заболевших в день рождения много больше, чем умерших в связи с этим праздником.
Организация постороннего ухода за пожилыми и инвалидами: мотивация обращения к различным поставщикам
Authors: Синявская Оксана Вячеславовна , Горват Елизавета Сергеевна 
Published: February 2022

Последние годы жизни человека нередко сопровождаются ухудшением состояния его здоровья, возникновением функциональных ограничений, препятствующих сохранению автономности, и, как следствие, растущей потребностью в постороннем уходе. Недоступность такого ухода или его низкое качество могут негативно влиять на качество жизни.
Данная статья вносит вклад в дискуссию об организации постороннего ухода, включая развивающуюся систему долговременного ухода. В отечественной научной литературе в значительной мере изучены институциональные особенности организации системы долговременного ухода и функционирования различных поставщиков социальных услуг, однако практически отсутствуют исследования предпочтений различных групп населения, формирующих спрос на соответствующие услуги. Целью данной работы является анализ предпочтений и готовности жителей российских регионов обращаться к формальным и неформальным поставщикам социальных услуг по уходу за пожилыми людьми и лицами с инвалидностью.
Эмпирической базой работы служат материалы фокус-групп и полуструктурированных интервью, проведенных в Республике Татарстан в 2020-2021 гг. и в Республиках Северная Осетия-Алания и Карелия, в Орловской области в 2019 г. Результаты качественных исследований показывают, что население регионов довольно консервативно в вопросах долговременного ухода. В ситуации гипотетического выбора пожилые люди предпочли бы помощь родственников, а более молодое население в целом готово оказывать ее, иногда запрашивая поддержку со стороны профессионалов. При этом среди формальных поставщиков социальных услуг наиболее востребованы услуги государственных социальных работников. Общей чертой отношения к системе ухода является неготовность населения оплачивать услуги ухода и присмотра.
Teaching the Cultural Commitments of Musical Structures and their Theories
Authors: Yu Wang Anna 
Published: February 2022

While most undergraduate music theory classes are not overtly political, they often convey highly socialized convictions about musicality—that is, what counts as a "coherent," "well-formed," or "expressive" musical utterance—which can shape assessments of worth ascribed to individual composers, musical traditions, and ethnic and national identities. This essay advocates for an approach to music theory pedagogy that deliberately holds the inscribed socialized frameworks of musical structures up for critical examination. Through a lesson plan on the pentatonic scale in huangmei opera, I model several strategies for rendering the cultural commitments of familiar and unfamiliar musical structures palpable to students.
Using Turkish Aksak Rhythms To Teach Asymmetrical Meter
Authors: Birson Adem Merter 
Published: February 2022

Ear training courses often treat the topic of asymmetrical meter (5, 7 beats) as uncommon in Western music. This causes musical examples in the subject to be less idiomatic than those which deal with more "normative" meters, in 2, 3, and 4 beats. Turkish music, on the other hand, often organizes beats asymmetrically, a feature known as aksak or "limping." This paper discusses strategies for incorporating both Turkish musical examples and pedagogical practices in aural skills class in order to teach the topic of asymmetrical meter.
Study of menstrual disorders in 12-25 age group women in urban population and their relation to demographics, medical history, personal habits and impact on academic activities
Authors: Paipuru Tanuja , Vaddi Pavani , Fatima Humera 
Published: February 2022

To identify the extent of menstrual disorders and relation to various aspects of life in 100 women of age group 12-25 years. This is a cross-sectional study. Data is collected using questionnaire on demographics, medical history, personal habits, academic performance and menstrual pattern. Results analyzed using EPI info and SPSS software. 40% have no idea of menstruation prior to menarche, 28% of all were scared at menarche. 15% of menstrual education is contributed by schools. 60% had HMB, 83% had PMS. 91% had menstrual disorders and 37% had severe dysmenorrhea on day 1. Irregular cycles has significant association with BMI and medical history. PMS has significant association with food habits and alcohol intake. 64% with menstrual disorders did not seek medical help. Adolescent period in women can be quite difficult especially in view of menarche; understanding of menstruation and facing menstrual disroders.it needs preparation which is lacking in India. Menstrual education should be included in school study curriculum. Awareness should be increased about menstrual disorders, hygiene, personal habits and support should be given during menstruation in schools to avoid skipping of schools and to decrease academic stress during periods and medical help should be taken.
A study of maternal and perinatal outcomes in first and second waves of COVID-19
Authors: Roohi Aliya , Janaki V 
Published: February 2022

The emergence of the corona virus (SARS-COV-2) led to a pandemic. Any pandemic/ epidemic is generally associated with poor maternal and child health manifesting as increased maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity.This study aims to compare the effect of COVID 19 infection on maternal and perinatal outcome in first and second waves of the pandemic.A prospective analytical study of 1300 patients was done. Various parameters to measure the maternal and perinatal outcomes were compared among the first and second wave of covid.All parameters were analyzed using descriptive statistics and compared using the Chi-square test. It was found during the study that fever (48%), cough (30%) and anosmia (40%) were the major symptoms in first wave while majority of women in second wave remained asymptomatic (75%) initially and developed dyspnea later (46%). It was also found that presence of co-morbidities increased the risk of developing severe covid disease. Disease progression was found to be more rapid in the second wave. Maternal respiratory distress accounting as an indication for delivery was higher in second wave (33%) when compared to the first wave (13%). Maternal mortality and preterm delivery rate were higher in the second wave as compared to the first wave.The present study findings can guide and enhance pre-natal counseling and management of pregnant women infected with covid-19.
To assess the knowledge regarding risk factors and preventive measures of carcinoma breast among Indian women: A comparative study
Authors: Lakshmi N Dhana , Lakshmi K Vara , Kiran C Usha 
Published: February 2022

: Carcinoma breast is the most common cancer among women worldwide and is the malignant neoplasm affecting and causing mortality among women.. The main objectives of the present study were to assess the knowledge regarding risk factors and its preventive measures of carcinoma breast among urban and rural Indian women.A descriptive research design was used to assess the knowledge regarding risk factors and its preventive measures of carcinoma breast among women in selected urban and rural areas of Tirupati, India. A total of 100 women were selected from urban and Rural areas by convenient sampling technique. The tool used for conducting the study was structured questionnaire on knowledge risk factors and its preventive measures of carcinoma breast.The knowledge on risk factors, out of 50 urban women i.e., 30 (60%) had moderate knowledge, 19 (38%) had inadequate knowledge and only 1 (2%) had adequate level of knowledge regarding risk factors of carcinoma breast adequate knowledge with the mean and standard deviation 15.6 and 3.423. Whereas in rural women, out of 50, majority i.e., 28 (56%) had inadequate knowledge followed by 19 (38%) had moderate knowledge and only 3 (6%) had adequate knowledge with the mean and standard deviation 14.58 and 4.978.It is concluded that there was difference between urban and rural women knowledge on risk factors and its preventive measures of carcinoma breast. The findings suggest that extensive health education programs need to be planned to bring awareness among urban and rural women.
Covid-19 associated mucormycosis
Authors: Radha Sistla , Afroz Tameem , Prasad Sudhir , Reddy Sandeep , Bommakanti Kalyan , Bommakanti Vaishnavi 
Published: February 2022

: Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with various opportunistic, bacterial, and fungal infections. High risk groups include people with diabetes especially diabetic ketoacidosis, solid organ transplantation, long-term systemic corticosteroid use, and iron overload. Many cases of mucormycosis were reported worldwide. Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment with appropriate anti-fungals lead to improved outcomes. The aim of this study is to establish the factors associated with mucormycosis in a COVID-19 setting, like comorbidities and treatment protocols for treatment of COVID-19. The histological patterns and tissue reactions to mucormycosis also were studied. In patients with ongoing COVID-19 infection and in a post COVID-19 scenario, we studied the biopsy findings of mucormycosis in various sites like rhino-orbital, lung, gastric and trachea. Material for this study is from a tertiary care hospital in South India. Patient age ranged from 30 years to 74 years. Mean age of the patients was 51 years. Male to female ratio was 1:1.1. Tissue from sino- nasal mucosa, peri orbital tissue, exenterated eyeball, lung tissue and tissue from rare sites like gastric and tracheal mucosal lesions were also included in this study. Tissue was fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Routine Haematoxylin and Eosin(H&E) stains were done. Gomori’s Methenamine silver (GMS) stains were done on all cases. Tissue was submitted for fungal cultures in all the cases.Total of twenty-three cases were diagnosed as mucormycosis based on the morphology and special stains in this analysis. Histology revealed areas of infarction in all cases with neutrophilic infiltration. Granulomatous reaction was seen in seven cases and melanin pigment was seen in two cases. 100% of patients were diabetics. There was neutrophilia in 100% of cases. Lymphopenia was seen in 85.7%, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) was elevated in 100% of cases.Ferritin was done in 14 patients and D-dimer was done in 17 patients and in all patients, these were elevated. All patients were treated with steroids according to the treatment protocol for COVID-19, Remdesivir was given in 72.7% of cases and second immunomodulator drugs like Tocilizumab in four cases and Baricitinib in one case.Mucormycosis is an emerging problem with COVID-19. It is important to carefully monitor blood glucose levels and take into account underlying medical conditions of patients before initiation of steroid therapy. Early recognition of symptoms and early diagnosis has a better outcome in patients with mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 infection.
Hypersegmented neutrophils in peripheral smear –An etiological analysis
Authors: Francis Feby T , Ali Aysha , Kartha Priya P 
Published: February 2022

Hypersegmentation of neutrophils is defined as presence of 5% or more neutrophils with five or more lobes or single neutrophil with 6 lobes. It is usually associated with deficiency of or failure to utilize cobalamin or folate and impaired DNA synthesis is the accepted mechanism for the morphological changes seen in megaloblastosis. Other causes of neutrophil hypersegmentation (NH) listed include microcytic hypochromic anemia(MHA) but the evidence for this is based mainly on a limited number of case studies in which MHAs with vit B12 and folic acid deficiency also were included. More studies are needed to establish itiological factors other than already established megaloblastic anemia.The present study was conducted in Department of Pathology in a tertiary care centre in Central Kerala, India. 100 cases peripheral smears with NH were evaluated. Aim of the study was to classify the itiological factors of NH in peripheral smears, study NH in microcytic hypochromic anemia and to check whether there is any connection between microcytic hypochromic anemia with NH and thrombocytosis. Complete blood count of all cases were taken using automated hematology analysers. Peripheral smear picture were correlated with the blood counts. Cases with MHA were examined for underlying vit B12 and folic acid deficiency. Study shows that 31% cases of peripheral smears with hypersegmentaion of neutrophils were pure microcytic hypochromic anemias with normal vitB12 and folic acid levels. Study also points to increased incidence thrombocytosis in pure MHA cases compared to other etiological factors.
Low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm
Authors: Gnanasekaran Divya , Subramaniam Aravinth , Raghunath  , Dhivahar  
Published: February 2022

Low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is a rare tumour which lacks usual form of destructive invasion but has ability to spread to peritoneum and ovaries which frequently progresses to pseudomyxoma peritonei and often result in death of patient despite the bland histology of the mucinous epithelium. There are lot of controversies about its classification, clinical significance of pseudomyxoma peritonei, whether ovarian mucinous tumours in this setting are separate primaries or are the metastasis from the appendiceal tumours which are to be solved. We reported two cases of LAMN in which first case was with pseudomyxoma peritonei with secondary involvement of left ovary while other was simple LAMN without any involvement. Whenever we diagnosed LAMN it is necessary to look for ovarian involvement and pseudomyxoma peritonei.It is necessary to rule out ovarian involvement and pseudomyxoma peritonie whenever we diagnosed LAMN. The unified approach of grading pseudomyxoma peritonei is required for more standardized and prognostically valuable diagnostic reporting.
Cetoacidosis Diabética y estado hiperglucémico hiperosmolar en COVID-19. Reporte de casos
Authors: Sacoto Flores Goethe Salomón , Sánchez Coraizaca Galo Dario , Cajilema Acero Luis Andrés , Sanango Jara María Ximena 
Published: February 2022

Introducción: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) es un factor de riesgo independiente para predecir gravedad en infección por COVID-19.
Casos clínicos: se presenta cuatro casos de crisis hiperglucémicas tipo estado hiperosmolar no cetósico (EHNC) y cetoacidosis diabética (CAD) asociados a COVID-19, tres con antecedente de DM y uno con nuevo diagnóstico de DM. El desenlace fue fatal para los casos con CAD y el caso de EHNC fue dado de alta en condición estable.
Conclusión: es fundamental comprender las características de presentación de complicaciones agudas de la diabetes en pacientes con COVID-19 y sospechar este tipo de alteraciones metabólicas en infección por SARS-CoV-2, aspectos importantes para un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno, mejorando en gran medida el pronóstico de los pacientes.