bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fall Control of Imported Cabbageworm, 1982
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Vates’ collard plants were transplanted 19 Aug. in single row plots near Benson, N.C. Plots, 10 ft long on 42-in. centers, were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Treflan 4EC 0.75 lb (AI)/acre was used for weed control. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2. Treatments were applied on 23 and 31 Aug., 7, 14, 21, and 28 Sept. and 5 Oct. for a total of seven applications. Imported cabbageworm (ICW) larvae were counted on three plants within each plot on 28 Sept. and 12 Oct. Foliar damage ratings were also made on the same plants on 28 Sept. and 12 Oct.
Control of the Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm on Collards with Baculoviruses and

Bacillus

Thuringiensis,

1983
Authors: Tompkins George J. , Linduska James J. , Young Janet M. , Dougherty Edward M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On 21 July ‘Vates’ collards were direct seeded in Norfolk “A” loamy sand in four row plots 20 ft long. Plants were spaced 4 to 6 in. apart in the row with 36 in. between rows. Each row was buffered by a guard row. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. All spray treatments were mixed in 0.5 liter of water and applied with a trombone type garden sprayer calibrated to deliver 30 gal/acre. Because the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses do not infect the imported cabbageworm all of the microsporidian and virus treated rows had Artogeia rapae granulosis virus applied so that damage primarily caused by cabbage looper could be assessed. All rows were treated with their respective applications on 16, 23, and 29 Aug. and 7 Sept. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were indexed as follows: 1, 0 to 3% damage (odd holes on leaves); 2, 4 to 10% damage (few leaves with holes); 3, 11 to 25% damage (moderate number of leaves with holes); 4, 26 to 50% damage (most leaves with holes); and 5, 51 to 100% damage (crown damage and all leaves with holes).
Sweetcorn, Corn Earworm Control, 1983
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. , Dix D. E. , Sayia J. , Funderburk F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Funks G80 planted 2 Apr.,. Univ. of Georgia Exp. Stn., Oconee Co. Soil type was Appling coarse sandy loam. Randomized complete block experimental design with 2 row plots, 6.5-m long by 1-m row width by 1-m alleys. Five replicates. Plants treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 lb/in2 in a final volume of 500 liters directed on the plant ears. Sprayed nine times beginning at the initiation of silking on 24 June, and continuing 27 and 29 June and 4, 6, 8, 11, and 13 July. All ears in the center 6 m of row were examined on 15 July for the presence of corn earworm larvae or damage.
Whorl Applications to Control Fall Armyworm in Late-Planted Sweet Corn, 1983
Authors: Coulon Dwayne 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two insecticidal baits and two sprays were applied to an extremely heavy infestation (99%) of fall armyworm on corn planted 22 July. Plots were single 80 ft rows (48-in. spacing) with 10-ft alleys separating treatments on the same row. A completely randomized design with four replications of each treatment was used. Insecticides were applied 26 Aug. (35 days postplant) to 12 to 18 in plants. UCSF-26 bait (granular formulation) was applied with a Gandy applicator equipped with a 7-in Ro-Bander directed over the center of the row. UCSF-45 (pellet formulation) was applied by administering two to four pellets per plant by hand (ca 65 g/100 ft row). Sprays were applied with a tractor-drawn CO2 system equipped with an adjustable cone nozzle calibrated to deliver 18 gal/acre into the whorls at 50 lb/in2 and a speed of 3 mph. Treatments were evaluated 48 h postapplication by counting the number of plants per 25 in in each plot infested with live larvae (3rd instar or larger).
European Corn Borer Control on Sweet Corn, 1983
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. , Johnston Richard L. , Cranshaw Whitney S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental plot was planted 27 May at the Rosemount Agric. Exp. Stn., Rosemount, Dakota Co., Minn. Plants were spaced at 7 to 8 in intervals in rows 30 in apart. Fertilizer was applied at 200 lb/acre of 34-0-0 on 2 May and 200 lb/acre of 8-10-30 on 17 May. Herbicide, Lasso 4EC at 2.0 lb (AI)/acre was applied 14 June and Banvel 4S at 0.25 lb (AI)/acre was applied 8 July. Insecticidal sprays were applied 9, 16, and 23 Aug. to 2-row plots, 100 ft long, replicated two times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied to the silk area of the ears with the first sprays applied 1 day following a second generation European corn borer alert issued by the Minn. State Dept. of Agric. Sprays were applied using a CO2 sprayer delivering 46 gal of water/acre at 20 lb/in2. Evaluations were made 30 Aug. by scoring 35 ears per plot for number of ears with European corn borer (ECB) tunneling, total numbers of ECB larvae, and numbers of ears with live ECB larvae.
Control of Corn Earworm in Fall, 1982
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Various treatments and rates were applied to sweet corn during Oct. 1982. The corn was planted 18 Aug. at 10 lb seed per acre. Plots consisted of four rows measuring 70 feet per row and replicated four times. Seven applications were made at the beginning of silking (10%) on 18, 20, 22, 24, 26. 29, and 31 Oct. Finished sprays were applied with two-row small-plot sprayer at 20 gal/acre and 40 lb/in2. Results shown in the table represent the harvest samples (100 ears, 25/plot) picked at random on 5 Nov.
Corn Earworm Control in Fall, 1983
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The materials and rates in this experiment are a repeat of the test conducted during June. It differs in that treatments commenced just before 10% silking and that the initial four treatments were at 1-day intervals; also the corn earworm pressure is greater during Sept. compared with June. The seed corn was planted 18 July at 10 lb/acre with a four-row planter on 40-in moist seed bed. Each treatment was replicated four times and the plot size was four rows by 70 ft (1,120 ft of row or 0.086 acre). Sprays were applied 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, and 23 Sept. with a two-row small plot sprayer at a rate of 20 gal/acre and 40 lb/in2. The boom set-up consisted of three nozzles per row (Tx6) on drops. The harvest on 3 Oct. represented 20 ears per plot (20x4 ears/treatment). Rating system was as follows: 1, % clean (no evidence of worms); 2, % slight (tip damage only (usually no live worms)); 3, % unmarketable (extensive tip damage or further down the ear, frequently with worms present).
Beet Armyworm Control on Eggplant in West-Central Florida, 1982
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set 16 Sept., 18 in apart on 2.5-ft wide by 8-in high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch, plots consisted of 10 staked plants and were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 1, 6, 11, 18, and 25 Oct., 1, 8, 16, 22, and 29 Nov., 8, 14, 21, and 28 Dec. 1982, and 6 Jan. 1983 with a 2.5-gal, handheld CO2-powered sprayer which was operated at 40 lb/in2 and delivered 65 to 120 gal/acre (gallonage increased as the plants grew, but averaged 105 gal/acre). On 12 Oct., the foliage of all plants was examined and the number of beet armyworm larvae was recorded. The number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by lepidopterous larvae (principally the beet armyworm) were totaled over harvests taken 1, 7, 13, and 27 Dec, and 7, 9, 11, and 24 Jan. Percentage data were transformed arc sine %/100 before analysis, but data are presented in the original scale.
Efficacy of Lorsban on Kale for Control of Cabbage Maggot, 1981
Authors: Halfhill J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Vates Blue Curled’ kale was seeded into 25-ft, 2-row beds having 22-in row and 16-in interplant spacing on 20 May. The Ritzville silt loam (Calciorthidic Haploxerolls ) soil had 1.6% organic matter and a pH of 6.2 Lorsban was spray banded over the planted row at 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 fluid oz/1,000 ft of row on 20 May, and again on 17 June, 30 days preharvest. The seeder and tractor mounted TEEJET 8005E nozzles applied 80 gal/acre at 60 lb/in2 while moving at 2.1 mph. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. Plots were sprinkler irrigated as needed with a rate of 0.375 acre-in/h. Efficacy was determined at harvest by examining 16 roots/plot for insect damage. Phytotoxicity (stand loss) was determined at thinning, ca 4 weeks after planting.
Cabbage Looper and Greenpeach Aphid Control on Lettuce, 1983
Authors: Robbins P.S. , Hessney M.L. , Eckenrode C.J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each treatment consisted of two 30-ft rows replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. The plot was planted 28 July and later thinned to ca 12 in. Row spacing was 36 in. Treatment applications were made 12 and 19 Sept., using a two-row, tractor-mounted sprayer delivering 35 gal/acre through three flat fan SS110015 TeeJet nozzles per row. Counts were made 21 Sept. by dissecting three heads per plot and counting aphids and cabbage loopers.
Apple, Early Season Insecticide Treatments, 1983
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L.J. , David P. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental materials were applied to 8-year-old semi-dwarf ‘York’ trees using a Bean 35 gal/min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 lbs/in2. Trees were sprayed until the spray ran off. A randomized block design was used and each treatment was replicated four times. Treatments were applied at the periods of delayed dormancy (18 April) and/or petal-fall (13 May). For one treatment a 3-in band of Cygon was applied with a paint brush to tree trunks 18 in above ground level using undiluted 4E formulation. White apple leafhopper density was estimated on 18 May by counting nymphs and adults on 10 leaves per replicate. European red mite density was estimated on 23 May by randomly selecting 10 leaves per tree and counting motile mites with the aid of a hand lens.
Cowpea Curculio Control on Southern Peas in Alabama, 1983
Authors: Harper J. D. , Kouskolekas C. A. , Hollingsworth M. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted at the Auburn Univ.N. Ala. Hortic. Subst., Cullman. Plots were six rows (44-in centers) by 25 ft and were separated by 5-ft alleys. A randomized complete block design with four replications per treatment was used. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer operating at 50 lb/in2 and delivering 82 gal/acre through three TX26 hollow cone nozzles per row. Two sprays were applied 20 and 27 July. Pods were harvested from the two middle rows of each plot 4 Aug. and data were taken from 20 pods per plot. The number of cowpea curculio punctures per pod and the number of punctured pods were recorded. The pods were then shelled and observations were made on seed damage.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetles on Potatoes, 1983
Authors: Blackmer Jackie , Bishop Guy , Baird Craig , Sandvol Larry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 21 Apr. at Parma, Idaho in Greenleaf-Owyhee silt loam soil. Each plot consisted of a single row 15 ft long, and treatments were replicated four times in a randomized block design. Sprays were applied on 30 Jun. with a CO2 pressurized hand sprayer at 50 lb/in2 that applied 40 gal spray per acre. Pre- and posttreatment counts were made by walking along the row and recording adults and larvae that could be seen without moving foliage.
Foliar Sprays for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle Larvae, 1982
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments were conducted on the K. W. Christensen & Son farm near Barnesville, Minn., and the R. Keller farm near Crookston, Minn., using ‘Red Pontiac’ and ‘Norland’ potatoes, respectively. Treatments were applied to single row plots, 20 ft long, with 38-inch row spacing using a handheld CO2 pressurized sprayer at 35 lb/in2 delivering 60 gal of water/acre. Experiements were in a randomized complete block with three replications. Counts were made of 2nd to 4th stage larvae on all plants until a minimum of 50 larvae were reached in each replication. These same plants were then counted posttreatment to determine control. Treatments were applied to the entire plot. Counts were made before 24 h, 48 h, and 12 days posttreatment on the Christensen farm and 24h, 4 days, 6 days, and 13 days posttreatment on the Keller farm.
Critical Timing for Control of Potato Leafhopper Injury, 1982
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 20 May, at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Dakota Col, Minn. Treatments were applied to 4-row plots, 60 ft .ong, with 40-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with four replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. Bravo fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from 2 Jun. to the end of the season. Insecticides were applied with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer with 3 drop nozzles per row delivering ca 72 gal water/acre at ca 250 lb/in2 . Potato leafhopper and other potentially injurious insects were suppressed at various stages of plant development by application of sprays of the insecticide Guthion applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre. Six treatment schedules were employed: (1) (V-I) from the period of vegetative growth (V) until the initiation of tuber formation (I); (2) (V-B) from the period of vegetative growth through the period of mid-tuber bulking (B); (3) from the period of vegetative growth until maturity (M); (4) (I-B) from the period of tuber-initiation until the period of mid-tuber bulking; (5) (I-M) from the period of tuber-initiation until harvest; and (6) (B-M) from the period of mid-tuber bulking until harvest. Spray applicatigons were made on 2 Jul., 16 Jul., 30 Jul., 13 Aug., 27 Aug. and 10 Sep. Counts were made from the center two rows of each plot by sampling 35 mid-plant leaves per plot or potato leafhopper nymphs.
Control of Insects and Fungal Diseases Using Insecticides and Fungicides, 1983
Authors: Radcliffe Edward B. , Johnston Richard L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 25 May at the Rosemount Agric. Res. St., Dakota Co., Minn. Plots were six rows, 50 ft long with 40-inch row spacing in a randomized block design with four replications. Foliar treatments were applied with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer with three drop nozzles per row delivering 60 gal water/acre at 150 lb/in2 Granular soil treatments were applied at planting using a Hassia planter-mounted granular applicator. Treatments were applied to the entire plot but only the two middle rows were dug and yields taken. Bravo fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations to appropriate plots 5 Jul. through 14 Sept.
Sprinkler Irrigation System Applied “

Bacillus Thuringiensis

” Control Colorado Potato Beetle, 1983
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Longley T. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 5 May, in 36-inch rows in Declo silt loam soil. Plots were 80-ft-diameter circles centered on single sprinkler heads applying 3.37 gal/min. Beetles were allowed to invade and multiply naturally. Injection time was 10 min with clearing time of 25 min from Rep I to Rep IV. Beetles were present mostly as adults and eggs at treatment time. Counts were made by recording total number of beetles observed in 80 ft of row.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1983
Authors: Voss R. H. , Ferro D. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Superior’ potatoes were planted on 19 May in Sunderland, Mass. Fertilizer (1,000 lb 10:10:10/acre) was broadcast and incorporated before planting. The soil type was a fine sandy loam with a pH of ca. 5.5. Dinoseb was applied at 2 lb (AI)/acre prior to plant emergence. Treatment blocks were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of 2-30 ft rows with a 3 ft fallow area between each plot. Treatments were applied with CO2 pressurized sprayers at 40 lb/in2 with a delivery rate of ca 65 gal/acre. Spray applications were made on 29 Jun., 6, 19 and 26 Jul., and 2 Aug. Temik (3.0 lb (AI)/acre) was applied in the seed furrow at planting while Temik (2.0 lb (AI)/acre) was sidedressed on 21 June. By late July the Temik 15G at planting (3.0) and control plots were 100% defoliated, these two treatments were not included in 29 July analysis.
Control of Sweetpotato Flea Beetle Larvae on Sweet Potatoes, 1983
Authors: Linduska James J. , Bouwkamp John C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Maryland white line sweet potato sprouts (Md-7257) were planted in single row plots (36-inch row spacing), 45-ft in length, on 24 May. The spacing between plants within the row was 12 inches. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Ganular treatments were applied in a 6- to 8-inch band using a shaker can and then incorporated 2 to 4 inches into the soil on 24 May. Soil temperatures at the 4-inch depth at the time of preplant application was 28°C. Yield data were taken from the entire 45 ft of row. All roots were examined for flea beetle larvae injury (shallow writing on the roots).
Insect Control on Tomato, 1983
Authors: Edelson Jonathan V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flora-Dade tomato was direct seeded into 2-row beds on 80-inch centers 24 Feb. at the Tex. Agric. Exp. St., Weslaco, Tex. The experimental design was complete randomized block with three blocks and six treatments. Plots were 1-bed wide and 50 ft long. Pesticides were applied 2, 10, and 16 May with a tractor-mounted sprayer operated at 4 mph with a boom pressure of 30 lb/in2. Flat-fan nozzles ca 12 inches above the plants were directed downward spraying a broadcast pattern at a rate of 5.5 gal per acre. Control plots were not sprayed. Insects were monitored on 3 and 19 May by inspecting three plants per plot and counting numbers present on one upper and one lower leaf. When flower or fruit clusters were present, one cluster per plant was examined and number of flowers or fruit, damaged fruit and insects recorded.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle on Tomatoes with Combinations of Pydrin and Difolatan, 1983
Authors: Linduska James J. , Kantzes James G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
UC-134-1-2 tomato transplants were set in single row plots, 30 ft in length on 16 May. The distance between rows was 64 inches. The distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. Each treatment row was buffered on one side by an untreated guard row. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with six replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed with 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by three drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 lb/in2. On 25 May, 1, 8, and 30 Jun. treatments 2, 4, 5, and 6 were applied. However, on 25 May, 1 and 8 Jun. only Pydrin was applied on treatments 5 and 6. On 30 Jun. treatments 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were sprayed. On 13, 20, and 27 Jul. treatments 6 and 7 were sprayed. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle larvae and adults/10 ft of row and the % defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on 12 Aug.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Electrostatic and Conventional Sprayer, 1983
Authors: Linduska James J. , Schales F. D. , Bagley P. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘UC-134-1-2’ tomato seeds were planted in 45-foot rows on 27 May. Plots consisted of a treatment row buffered on one side by an untreated guard row. The distance between rows was 72 inches. When the plants were in the two to three true leaf stage they were thinned so as to provide a spacing of 12 inches between plants within the row. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. Conventional spray treatments were applied at a rate of 50 gal/acre at 90 lb/in2 . Treatments were applied with a custom built row crop sprayer equipped with six drop nozzles per row. Electrostatic sprays were applied with a hand-held Electrodyn sprayer made by ICI. All the bozzles (nozzles plus bottle) were calibrated to deliver 0.10 ml/sec. of formulation which, when traveling at a speed of 2 mph delivers 0.8 pt/acre of formulation. The flow rate cannot be altered, so rate changes were accomplished by altering the speed of travel. Treatments were applied on 30 Jun., 3 and 29 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle larvae per 10 ft of row and the percentage of defoliation were recorded. Yields were taken on 12 Sep.
Alfalfa Insect Control Studies, 1983
Authors: Bacheler Jack S. , Arnett W. Harold 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An 8-year-old stand of alfalfa located at the Main Station Field Lab, Reno, NV, was used for this study. Treatments were applied when alfalfa was 12 to 15 in. tall with 2 to 25% of plants showing alfalfa weevil damage. Plots were 25 by 50 ft with treatments replicated four times in a randomized complete blcok design. Sprayers were applied with a CO2 activated plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 30 lb/in2. Treatments were made on 28 May. pfetreatment samples were taken on 27 May and posttreatment samples were taken on 31 May, and 4, 11, 18 June and consisted of 1Q sweeps of a standard net taken at random from each replicate. Alfalfa yield was determined from 80 ft2 sample taken from each replicate. Yield samples were taken 3 days after the last insect samples were taken.
Apple, Timing of Pydrin for Tufted Apple Budmoth Control, 1983
Authors: Hull Larry A. , Meagher Robert L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment was designed to determine the optimum period for using Pydrin, to control second brood tufted apple budmoth. Sprays were applied to four- or five-tree plots arranged in a randomized block design consisting of five replicates of each treatment. Each plot consisted of alternating ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘York Imperial’ trees. Treatments were applied with a Friend Airmaster 393 sprayer at 25 gal/acre per alternate side at 2 mph. Rates for treatments are listed as amounts per acre per both sides (50 gal/acre). Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury fruit sample at harvest (Golds and Yorks). Apple samples averaged 210 fruits per replicate and 1,050 per treatment. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Alfalfa Insect Control in Louisiana, 1983
Authors: Wilson Howard K. , Quisenberry Sharron S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a 2-year-old stand of alfalfa near Shreveport, La. Treatments were applied during the vegetative growth stage when alfalfa was ca 28 cm tall. Plots were 6.1 by 12.2 m arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Treatments were made on 28 Mar. Sprays were applied with a CO2 backpacker sprayer calibrated to 21.1 gal/acre and 22 lb/in2 using 11004 flat-fan nozzles on a 2.1 m boom. Temperature at treatment was ca. 17.2° C, and 1.5 cm of rain fell during the 2 weeks following treatment. Samples were obtained by taking 10 pendulum-sweeps with 38-cm diam. sweep net on each sampling date. Sample dates were pretreatment, and 3, 6, and 13 days posttreatment. Each sample was bagged and frozen for later separation and counting.