bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Using the same hand”: The complex local perceptions of integrated one health based interventions in East Africa
Authors: Davis Alicia , Virhia Jennika , Bunga Catherine , Alkara Shayo , Cleaveland Sarah , Yoder Jonathan , Kinung’hi Safari , Lankester Felix 
Published: April 2022

Background
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) such as soil transmitted helminths (STH) and human rabies represent a significant burden to health in East Africa. Control and elimination remains extremely challenging, particularly in remote communities. Novel approaches, such as One Health based integrated interventions, are gaining prominence, yet there is more to be learned about the ways in which social determinants affect such programmes.

Methodology
In 2015 a mixed method qualitative study was conducted in northern Tanzania to determine community perceptions towards integrated delivery of two distinct healthcare interventions: treatment of children for STH and dog vaccination for rabies. In order to assess the effectiveness of the integrated approach, villages were randomly allocated to one of three intervention arms: i) Arm A received integrated mass drug administration (MDA) for STH and mass dog rabies vaccination (MDRV); ii) Arm B received MDA only; iii) Arm C received MDRV only.

Principle findings
Integrated interventions were looked upon favourably by communities with respondents in all arms stating that they were more likely to either get their dogs vaccinated if child deworming was delivered at the same time and vice versa. Participants appreciated integrated interventions, due to time and cost savings and increased access to essential health care. Analysis of qualitative data allowed deeper exploration of responses, revealing why people appreciated these benefits as well as constraints and barriers to participation in integrated programmes.

Conclusions/significance
An interdisciplinary One Health approach that incorporates qualitative social science can provide key insights into complex local perceptions for integrated health service delivery for STH and human rabies. This includes providing insights into how interventions can be improved while acknowledging and addressing critical issues around awareness, participation and underlying health disparities in remote pastoralist communities.
Clinical similarities and differences between two large HIV cohorts in the United States and Africa
Authors: Monroe Anne K. , Polyak Christina S. , Castel Amanda D. , Esber Allahna L. , Byrne Morgan E. , Maswai Jonah , Owuoth John , Maganga Lucas , Bahemana Emmanuel , Adamu Yakubu , Iroezindu Michael , Kibuuka Hannah , Kiweewa Francis , Greenberg Alan E. , Crowell Trevor A. , Ake Julie A. ,   on behalf of the DC Cohort Executive Committee and AFRICOS Study Group
Published: April 2022

Background
Washington, DC, and sub-Saharan Africa are both affected by generalized HIV epidemics. However, care for persons living with HIV (PLWH) and clinical outcomes may differ in these geographically and culturally diverse areas. We compared patient and clinical site characteristics among adult persons living with HIV (PLWH) enrolled in two longitudinal HIV cohort studies—the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) and the DC Cohort.

Methods
The DC Cohort is a clinic-based city-wide longitudinal cohort comprised of PLWH attending 15 HIV clinics in Washington, DC. Patients’ socio-demographic characteristics, clinical evaluations, and laboratory data are retrospectively collected from electronic medical records and limited manual chart abstraction. AFRICOS is a prospective observational cohort of PLWH and uninfected volunteers attending 12 select HIV care and treatment facilities in Nigeria, Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. AFRICOS study participants are a subset of clinic patients who complete protocol-specific visits every 6 months with history and physical examination, questionnaire administration, and blood/sputum collection for ascertainment of HIV outcomes and comorbidities, and neurocognitive and functional assessments. Among participants aged ≥ 18 years, we generated descriptive statistics for demographic and clinical characteristics at enrollment and follow up and compared them using bivariable analyses.

Results
The study sample included 2,774 AFRICOS and 8,420 DC Cohort participants who enrolled from January 2013 (AFRICOS)/January 2011 (DC Cohort) through March 2018. AFRICOS participants were significantly more likely to be women (58.8% vs 27.1%) and younger (83.3% vs 61.1% aged < 50 years old) and significantly less likely to be MSM (only 0.1% of AFRICOS population reported MSM risk factor) than DC Cohort. Similar rates of current viral suppression (about 75% of both samples), hypertension, hepatitis B coinfection and alcohol use were observed. However, AFRICOS participants had significantly higher rates of CD4<200 and tuberculosis and significantly lower rates of obesity, DM, hepatitis C coinfection and syphilis.

Conclusions
With similar viral suppression outcomes, but many differences between our cohorts noted, the combined sample provides unique opportunities to assess and compare HIV care and treatment outcomes in the U.S. and sub-Saharan Africa. Comparing these two cohorts may inform care and treatment practices and may pave the way for future pathophysiologic analyses.
Predictive risk factors for early recurrence in patients with localized pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who underwent curative-intent resection after preoperative chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Murata Yasuhiro , Ogura Toru , Hayasaki Aoi , Gyoten Kazuyuki , Ito Takahiro , Iizawa Yusuke , Fujii Takehiro , Tanemura Akihiro , Kuriyama Naohisa , Kishiwada Masashi , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Mizuno Shugo 
Published: April 2022

Background
The optimal surgical indication after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains a subject of debate for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) because early recurrence often occurs even after curative-intent resection. The present study aimed to identify perioperative risk factors of early recurrence for patients with PDAC who underwent curative-intent resection after preoperative CRT.

Methods
Two hundred three patients with PDAC who underwent curative-intent resection after preoperative CRT from February 2005 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The optimal threshold for differentiating between early and late recurrence was determined by the minimum p-value approach. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictive factors for early recurrence.

Results
In 130 patients who developed recurrence after resection, 52 who had an initial recurrence within 12 months were defined as the early recurrence group, and the remaining 78 were defined as the late recurrence group. The incidence of hepatic recurrence was significantly higher in the early recurrence group than in the late recurrence group (39.7 vs. 15.4%). The early recurrence group had significantly lower 3-year rates of post-recurrence and overall survival than the late recurrence group (4.0 and 10.7% vs. 9.8 and 59.0%, respectively). Serum level of CA19-9 before surgery ≥56.8 U/ml was identified as an independent risk factor for early recurrence (OR:3.07, 95%CI:1.65–5.73, p<0.001) and associated with a significantly higher cumulative incidence rate of hepatic recurrence and lower rates of recurrence-free and overall survival.

Conclusion
Serum level of CA19-9 before surgery after preoperative CRT was a strong predictive factor for early recurrence.
Anemia and associated factors among patients admitted with metabolic syndromes at Worabe Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Timerga Abebe , Haile Kassahun , Dessu Samuel 
Published: April 2022

Background
Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells is inadequate to meet the physiologic needs of the human body oxygen and it is highly prevalent among individuals with metabolic syndromes as a complication in turn speed up the progression and the number of adverse outcomes unless the proper measure is undertaken. Determination of anemia may play a major role in the management and early aversion of complications in an admitted patient with metabolic syndromes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine anemia and its associated factors among patients with admitted metabolic syndromes at Worabe Comprehensive Specialized hospital, Southern Ethiopia from March 1 to May 30, 2021.

Methods and materials
An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on 324 adult patients admitted with metabolic syndromes. Structured questionnaires through face-to-face interviews and participants’ medical records were used to collect information on determinants related to anemia. A blood sample was collected to determine hematological parameters, biochemical profile, and blood film preparation. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22. Binary logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with anemia. The p-value was set at <0.05 with a 95% confidence interval of the adjusted odds ratio.

Results
A total of 324 admitted adult patients with metabolic syndromes were involved. The overall prevalence of anemia among study participants was 25.3% (95%CI: 20.7, 30.2), of which 52.4% had moderate anemia and 56% had microcytic types of anemia. Being alcoholic (AOR = 6.25, 95% CI: (3.05, 12.82)), obese (AOR = 3.34, 95% CI: (1.02, 11.21)), dyslipidemic (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: (1.02, 4.17)), and diabetic (AOR = 2.61, 95%CI: (1.31, 5.21)) were significantly associated with anemia.

Conclusion
The prevalence of anemia among patients admitted with metabolic syndrome observed in this study was a moderate public health problem. Taking alcohol, being dyslipidemic, obese and diabetic was significantly associated with anemia. The finding of this study should be taken into consideration to implement preventive interventions on identified factors in study percipients. Taking fruit and vegetable, and promoting physical exercise, routine determination of fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin level in adult admitted metabolic syndromes patients were recommended to minimize the emergence of anemia.
The role of eCIRP in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice
Authors: Bolourani Siavash , Sari Ezgi , Brenner Max , Wang Ping 
Published: April 2022

Objective and designWe examined the role of eCIRP in the pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF).Material and methodsPublicly available gene expression omnibus datasets were analyzed for the expression of CIRP in lung samples from patients with PF. Wild type (WT) or CIRP-/-mice received daily injections of 10 μg/g bleomycin for 10 days. A subset of bleomycin-injected WT mice was treated with the eCIRP antagonist C23 (8 μg/g/day) from day 10 to day 19. At three weeks, transthoracic echocardiography was performed to measure the degree of pulmonary hypertension, and lung tissues were collected and analyzed for markers of fibrosis.ResultsAnalysis of the mRNA data of human lung samples showed a significant positive correlation between CIRP and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), an important marker of fibrosis. Moreover, the expression of CIRP was higher in patients with acute exacerbation of PF than in patients with stable PF. CIRP-/-mice showed attenuated induction of α-SMA and collagens (Col1a1, Col3a1), reduced hydroxyproline content, decreased histological fibrosis scores, and improved pulmonary hypertension as compared to WT mice. WT mice treated with C23 also had significant attenuation of the above endpoint measure.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that eCIRP plays a key role in promoting the development of PF, and blocking eCIRP with C23 can significantly attenuate this process.
Hearing loss in vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Marcos Alonso Susana , Almeida Ayerve Cristina Nicole , Pacheco López Sofía , Peña Navarro Paula , Sánchez Gómez Hortensia , Santa Cruz Ruíz Santiago , Batuecas Caletrío Ángel 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: The most common reason for consultation in patients suffering from Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) is progressive hearing loss. The main objective of this study is analyzing the hearing loss in patients with VS and determining the extent to which the tumor grade and the hearing loss are related.
Methods: An observational retrospective study was conducted with a sample of 291 patients diagnosed with VS between 1995 and 2017 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of the Tertiary Care Primary Center of Salamanca. We analyzed preoperative and postoperative data from patients with VS as well as radiological and surgical findings.
Results: The most common reason for consultation at diagnosis was progressive unilateral hearing loss (31.6%). The relationship between the size of the VS and hearing loss in the patients who reported progressive unilateral hearing loss as a reason for consultation was not statistically significant (p=0.099).
Conclusion: The most common reason for consultation in VS is progressive unilateral hearing loss. The hearing loss caused by VS does not have a statistically significant association with any particular tumor grade, although severe and profound hearing loss is more commonly associated with grade III-IV neurinomas, whereas mild hearing loss or normal hearing are more likely in grade I-II tumors.
COVID-19 in Hidalgo, Mexico. A study of territorial inequalities
Authors: Medina Pérez Patricia Catalina , Tapia Fernández Héctor Jesús 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The ongoing global pandemic due to the COVID-19 virus has had varying impacts on the quality of life in different regions. This article aims to identify areas of high social vulnerability in the municipalities in Hidalgo with information gathered in 2015.
Methodology: The social vulnerability index was calculated by using the principal component analysis technique along with geographic information systems to evaluate its relationship with COVID-19 fatality ratio. Variables were constructed based on information taken from the 2015 Intercensal Survey for municipalities.
Results: Two regions, one in the northeast and the other in the southwest of the state of Hidalgo, showed a strong relationship between social vulnerability and the fatality ratio.
Conclusions: The variables that best explain social vulnerability in the Municipalities in Hidalgo are those that contemplate population characteristics. The findings could be used in planning social actions so that they not only focus on health care services in order to reduce the impacts of the current pandemic and reduce mortality due to COVID-19 in the most vulnerable sectors in Municipalities in Hidalgo.
Valdez-Bubnov, I. (2021). La conquista y el mar: una historia global
Authors: Arreguín Rodríguez Andrea Lizette 
Published: April 2022

México: Dirección General de Publicaciones y Fomento Editorial, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Colección México 500, volumen 5). 111 pp., ISBN 978-607-30-4696-1
Impact of Accumulated Dust on Performance of Two Types of Photovoltaic Cells: Evidence from the South of Jordan
Authors: Marashli Abdullah , Al Shaba'an Ghadeer Nyazi , Al-Twaissi Waed , Shalby Mohammad , Al-Rawashdeh Hani 
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the impact of accumulated dust on two types of photovoltaic (PV) cells in the performance of solar panels facility located in the southern part of Jordan between January to August 2020. To determine the performance of the solar PV panel system, two elements have been considered: sun radiation total efficiency and output power generated from the two types of the PV panel. Results of the study revealed that the mass of dust accumulated on the polycrystalline panel accumulated faster than on the cadmium telluride panel at a rate of 10.5 g/m2 for polycrystalline panels and 8.4g/m2 for cadmium telluride panel. Furthermore, results indicated that the projected drop in the efficiency of washed and unwashed polycrystalline panels decreased monthly by 5% and 16% respectively, while the efficiency of washed and unwashed cadmium telluride panels decreased monthly by 5% and 11.5% respectively. In the same context, results indicated that the wind speed, concentration rate, and relative humidity increased by 3%, 5%, and 8% respectively whereas the ambient temperature decreased by 4% monthly. On the other hand, the size and charge of accumulated dust on the cadmium telluride panel surface were larger than the size and charge of dust on the polycrystalline panel surface with a high percent of (Si) and low percent of (Ca) and (Fe). This research contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence for the impact of accumulated dust on PV panels applied on a dusty-weather such as the one in the southern part of Jordan.
Utility of extracellular vesicles as a potential biological indicator of physiological resilience during military operational stress
Authors: Beckner Meaghan E. , Conkright William R. , Sahu Amrita , Mi Qi , Clemens Zachary J. , Martin Brian J. , Flanagan Shawn D. , Ferrarelli Fabio , Ambrosio Fabrisia , Nindl Bradley C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) transport biological content between cells to mediate physiological processes. The association between EVs and resilience, the ability to cope with stress, is unknown. Using unbiased machine learning approaches, we aimed to identify a biological profile of resilience. Twenty servicemen (27.8 ± 5.9 years) completed the Connor Davidson Resilience (CD‐RISC) questionnaire and were exposed to daily physical and cognitive exertion with 48‐hr sleep and caloric restriction. Blood samples from baseline and the second day of stress were analyzed for neuroendocrine biomarkers impacted by military stress. EVs were isolated from plasma and stained with antibodies associated with exosomes (CD63), microvesicles (VAMP3), and apoptotic bodies (THSD1). Individuals were separated into high (n = 10, CD‐RISC > 90) and low (n = 10, CD‐RISC < 79) resilience. EV features were stratified by size, then down‐selected using regression trees and compared between groups. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Compared to low resilience, high resilience demonstrated a greater increase in variability of THSD1 local bright spot intensities among large‐sized EVs in response to stress (p = 0.002, Hedges’ g = 1.59). Among medium‐sized EVs, high resilience exhibited a greater decrease in side scatter intensity (p = 0.014, Hedges’ g = 1.17). Both features demonstrated high to moderate diagnostic accuracy for high resilience (AUC = 0.90 and 0.79). In contrast, neuroendocrine biomarker concentrations were similar between groups. The increase in variability among THSD1 + EVs in high, but not low, resilient individuals following stress may suggest high resilience is accompanied by stress‐triggered apoptotic adaptations to the environment that are not detected in neuroendocrine biomarkers.
Impact of environmental toxicants exposure on gut-brain axis in Parkinson disease
Authors: Olubodun-Obadun Taiwo G. , Ishola Ismail O. , Adeyemi Olufunmilayo O. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a major public health challenge as many of the current drugs used in its management provide symptomatic relieve without preventing the underlying cause of the neurodegeneration. Similarly, the non-motor complications of PD, especially the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disturbance increases the disease burden on both the PD patient and caregivers. Different theories have been postulated regarding the mechanisms or pathways involved in PD pathology but gut-brain axis involvement has gained much more momentum. This pathway was first suggested by Braak and colleagues in 2003, where they suggested that PD starts from the GIT before spreading to the brain. However, human exposure to environmental toxicants known to inhibit mitochondrial complex I activity such as rotenone, paraquat and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) are well associated with PD. Several reports have shown that oral exposure of laboratory animals to rotenone causes mitochondria dysfunction, GIT disturbance, overexpression of alpha synuclein and microbiota imbalance. This review focuses on the mechanism(s) through which rotenone induces PD pathogenesis and potential for therapeutic small molecules targeting these processes at the earliest stages of the disease. We also focused on the interaction between the GI microbiota and PD pathology.
Internal Variables as a Tool for Extending Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Berezovski Arkadi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The formalism of the internal variable theory is applied to extend Navier-Stokes equations. The internal variable theory provides a thermodynamically consistent derivation of constitutive relations and equations of motion without a priori specifying the nature of internal variables. Both single and dual internal variables cases are thoroughly examined. The similarities and differences of the approaches are emphasized. In the single internal variable framework, the elimination of the internal variable results in Maxwell-type constitutive relations and hyperbolic equations of motion. The dual internal variable technique enables us to create even more sophisticated fluid flow models with coupled equations for fluid motion and internal variable evolution.
Excellent perinatal outcome of monoamniotic twin pregnancy with timely diagnosis and optimal management – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Stefanovic Vedran , Nupponen Irmeli , Jernman Riina Maria 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Monoamniotic twins represent a high-risk pregnancy requiring intense follow-up, elective birth and careful consideration of the mode and timing of delivery. We conducted this study to evaluate the perinatal and neonatal outcomes of monoamniotic twin pregnancies in the largest tertiary hospital in Finland.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study including all monoamniotic twin pregnancies during a 17-year period (2002–2018) managed in Helsinki University Hospital. Data on mothers and children were collected from patient files. Chorionicity and amnionicity were defined in first-trimester ultrasound screening.

Results
There were altogether 31 monoamniotic twin pregnancies during the study period, including four cases of conjoined twins which all underwent termination of pregnancy, and three miscarriages. In the remaining 24 pregnancies that continued past 24 weeks of gestation there was 97.9% survival (one intrauterine death). Three pregnancies were complicated with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. All children were delivered by cesarean section with a mean gestational age of 32 + 5 weeks (27 + 1–34 + 2 weeks). Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was observed in 57% (27/47) of neonates and grade I–II intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) in 6.3% (3/47) of neonates. There were no neonatal deaths and no maternal complications.

Conclusions
Monoamniotic twinning is a rare form of pregnancy and carries risks for perinatal and neonatal complications. With timely diagnosis, close monitoring in specialized feto-maternal unit and elective delivery at 32–34 weeks the outcome is usually excellent.