bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granular Insecticide Whorl Applications to Cabbage, 1978
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test, conducted at the Agway Farm Research Center, Fabius, NY, investigated the performance of systemic and controlled release formulations of insecticides on cabbage insect control. A randomized block design of three replications was used with 24-inch row spacing (21,780 linear feet of row per acre) in a plot 5’ x 30’. Dacthal 75W herbicide was used at 12 lbs/acre as a preemergence application. Fertilization consisted of 200 lbs of 20-20-20 fall applied and disced in to this field of cabbage in second year of production. Bravo 6F fungicide at 1 qt/A was applied with a cub tractor boom mounted sprayer in weekly maintenance sprays for disease control. White cabbage, variety ‘Wisconsin Golden Acre’, was transplanted on Jun 8’78 and granular insecticides applied on Jul 17’78. A hand held shaker can was used to deliver premeasured granular insecticide amounts per plot over the tops of plants directing granular materials into tops of head leaves. At this time, the cabbage was approximately 12 inches high with the first several head leaves forming. At harvest on Aug 25’78, 10 mature cabbage heads were cut and rated for insect damage per plot. Outer wrapper leaves were removed before damage ratings were made. Foliar feeding injury index ratings on the heads were as follows: 1) only slight or a trace of chewing; 2) less than 10% chewing on leaves; 3) severe feeding on 25% of leaves; 4) severe feeding on 50% of leaves; and 5) 100% of leaves severely injured.
Cabbage Looper Control in Cabbage with Orthene Granules, 1977
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Round Dutch’ cabbage was transplanted Sep 8’77 in 3-ft rows with 20-inch row spacing. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 20-ft long row with an untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. Various methods of treatment were employed and are designated as follows: Band - Banded 2 to 3 inches from the plant and about 3 inches deep on both sides of the row Sep 22, two weeks after transplanting. Furrow cut alongside row with hand cultivator, the granules dropped therein with a hand shaker and then covered; Granularfoliar - Distributed over top of the cabbage plants with a hand shaker on Sep 22 and repeated at one, two or three week intervals as indicated in the table; Band at transplant + granular foliar - Banded two weeks after transplanting followed by foliar granular applications over the top at one, two and three week intervals; Foliarspray - Orthene 75S applied weekly (Sep 22 thru Oct 27) at 0.75 lb ai/acre with a D. B. Smith 5 gallon knapsack, hand operated compressed air sprayer at the rate of 100 gallons/acre using a D. B. Smith *E147 adjustable cone nozzle. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of loopers per 10 cabbage plants or by foliage injury ratings. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were categorized as follows: 1) Only occasional feeding - necessary to look very close to see evidence of injury; 2) Visible signs of feeding but less than 10% of the leaves damaged; 3) Severe feeding on 25% of foliage; 4) Intense feeding on 50% of foliage; and 5) Practically 100% of the foliage severely injured - plants nearly defoliated.
Control of the Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm on Cabbage, 1974
Authors: Linduska James J. , Olson Stephanie J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Golden Acre’ cabbage was transplanted in 2-row plots 33 feet long on Aug 13’74. Plants were spaced 18-inches in the row and 36-inches between rows. Each plot was buffered by 2 guard rows. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All treatments were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/A with 40 psi. Treatments were applied with a wheelbarrow-type sprayer using CO2 for spray discharge. The spray boom was equipped with drop nozzles and each row was covered by 3 nozzles. The sprays were applied on Aug 27; Sep 5, 13, 20, and 30. Foliage injury ratings ranged from 1 to 5 and were indexed as follows: 1) 0-3% damage - odd holes on leaves; 2) 4-10% damage - few leaves with holes; 3) 11-25% damage - moderate number of leaves with holes; 4) 26-50% damage - most leaves with holes; 5) 51-100% damage - crown damage and/or all leaves with holes.
Caterpillar Control on Cabbage, 1977
Authors: York Alan C. , Walker Gary L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Market Prize’ cabbage was seeded on 8 June at O’Neall Horticultural Farm, Lafayette, IN. Treatments were 1 row, 25 ft long and eachtreated row was alternated with an untreated row on 48 in centers. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Insecticides were applied with a tractor-mounted hydraulic sprayer delivering 50 gpa at 80 psi through 2 nozzles on drop booms per row (D4-45). Applications were made on 19 Jul, 12 Aug, 25 Aug, 5 Sep, 21 Sep, and 30 Sep. Due to specific residue requirements the Orthene (1.0 lb) treatment was reduced to replicates after the 5 Sep application. Insect infestation was evaluated by counting the number of caterpillars per plant (5 plants per repl). Cabbage was evaluated for head damage on 9 Oct.
Celery, Vegetable Leafminer Control, 1977
Authors: Tryon E. H. , Poe S. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticides were evaluated for control of moderate populations of vegetable leafminers and their parasites on ‘2-14’ celery seedlings. The 10 week old seedlings were grown in Speedling #400 seedling flats in a Speedling greenhouse in Sun City, FL. A soilless (peat and vermiculite) mixture was used to raise the 32 plants per flat. Each flat contained a single treatment with four plants making a replicate (N = 8). Foliar sprays were applied from a plastic quart hand sprayer. The seedlings were sprayed Dec 1, 7, 13, and 19, and collected Dec 21. Celery plant replicates were placed in pint sherbert containers. Forty five days after collecting, the emerged adult leafminers and parasites were counted.
Celery, Vegetable Leafminer Control, 1978
Authors: Musgrave C. A. , White J. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were evaluated for control of light-moderate populations of vegetable leafminer and its parasites on celery in Orange County, Florida on an Everglades mucky peat soil during May, 1978. Foliar sprays were applied weekly with a tractor-mounted sprayer comparable to commercially available equipment at 107 gallons of spray per acre with 150 psi. Plots were 3-ft wide and 20-ft long and replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design. Numbers of leafminers and their parasites were estimated by rearing insects from leaflet samples collected just prior to each of 3 weekly treatments and at +1, +2 and +3 days post-treatment. Data were transformed to logs for analysis. Yield data were taken 78 days after transplanting from areas 2 rows by 10 ft in all plots. Plants were trimmed to 14.25 inches, graded, sized, and weighed.
Celery, Vegetable Leafminer Control, 1978
Authors: Tryon E. H. , Poe Leslie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticides were evaluated for control of moderate-heavy populations of vegetable leafminers and their parasites on ‘2-14’ celery. Plots were set up in the commercial celery fields of South Bay Growers Farm in Belle Glade, Florida. The celery was grown on organic muck during Feb - May 1978. Foliar sprays were applied at five day intervals from Mar 23 - May 27. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer with three *5 nozzles per row was used to apply 5.05 gallons per plot at 150 psi. Each plot was 20 x 20 ft. with 150 celery plants in 30 rows with a 20 x 20 ft buffer separating the treatments. Fourteen treatments were randomized in each of four blocks and the experimental celery plots separated from the commercial celery by several buffer rows. The celery was sampled on May 29 during the day the commercial celery was being harvested. Samples, each consisting of seven trifoliates, were placed in pint sherbet containers with twelve samples collected/treatment. The emerged adult leafminers and parasites were counted six weeks after collecting.
Cabbage Looper Control on Collards, 1978
Authors: Harper J. D. , Kouskolekas C. A. , Hollingsworth M. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman, Alabama. Collard transplants were planted on Aug 14’78, in plots consisting of 6 rows (44 inch centers and 18 inch spacing in rows) x 30 ft separated by 5 ft alleys. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was utilized. Treatments were applied on Aug 28, Sep 5 and 12. All applications were made with a Super Blue Boy 6000 high clearance sprayer equipped with three TX 26 cone jet nozzles (Sprayer Systems) per row and calibrated to deliver 120 gal/acre at 120 psi and ca 2 mph. Bio-Film (Kalo Laboratories, Inc.) was added to each treatment at the rate of 5 oz/100 gal of spray mix as a spreader-sticker. Treatment effectiveness was determined on Sep 15 by taking an average rating of all plants in each plot on a 1-6 scale where 1 = 0-1%, 2 = 2-5%, 3 = 6-10%, 4 = 11-20%, 5 = 21-50%, and 6 = 51-100% leaf loss. Insect counts were made in check plots on Aug 28, prior to initial treatments. Random counts were also made on Sep 5 to monitor population development in the untreated plots. A driving, 1.23 in rain on Sep 11 severely depleted the cabbage looper population. Counts made on all treatments on Sep 15 showed insufficient residual populations to provide meaningful comparisons between treatments on the basis of insect counts.
Aphid Control on Head Lettuce at Oswego, 1978
Authors: Seymour P. K. , Eckenrode C.J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A direct-seeded lettuce test was planted Jul 29 on the Ferlito Muck Farm near Oswego. The plots were replicated 4 times, arranged in a randomized complete block design; each plot consisted of 4 treated rows, 30-ft long and 14-inches wide. Two untreated rows were planted on either side of each treatment. On Aug 8, the insecticide granules were applied with a modified, hand-operated cone seeder. They were banded on one side of the row, 2 inches from the seedlings and 2 inches deep. Orthene treatments were sprayed on the foliage with a CO2-pressurized, hand-held boom sprayer delivering 76 gals H2O/A. These sprays were applied weekly and aphids were counted at 3 and 6 days after each spray. Six plants were selected at random from the 2 middle rows of each treatment for the counts.
Control of Armyworms and Loopers in Peas, 1978
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Klacan George R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Green Giant 531’ peas were planted May 18 at Le Sueur, Minnesota. Plots were 10 x 50-ft, randomized in complete blocks with 4 replications. Treatments were applied Jul 14, approximately 2 weeks prior to harvest, with a tractor-drawn sprayer delivering 20 gal water/acre. Plots were sampled Jul 18 by shaking plants over a 14 x 18-inch food tray in 6 spots and by shaking plants and observing numbers of fallen larvae on the ground in 6 additional locations. This combination of sampling methods was used since each method had been noted to perform differently depending on the density of the foliage and the age of the larvae.
Control of Alfalfa Looper Larvae on Commercial Green Peas, 1978
Authors: Halfhill J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each treatment was applied in 7 gal of water/acre to 100 x 400 ft plots of green peas by aerial application on Jun 16‘78. There were 3 replications in a completely randomized design. The peas were being grown for processing near Walla Walla, WA and were 75 to 90% defoliated at the time of treatment. This pretreatment population averaged about 1.5/sweep in a 600 sweep sampling of the area on Jun 15‘78. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated by taking 5 groups of 10 sweeps each along the flight path in each plot 72 h after the application.
Control of Alfalfa Looper Larvae on Peas, 1978
Authors: Halfhill J. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to bouquets consisting of 5 terminals from 30- to 40-day-old greenhouse-grown Perfected Freezer peas by dipping the foliage into several water dilutions of the pesticides. Each bouquet was then drained and air dried for 2 h, and then placed into a 2-qt container. Each container was infested with 5 larvae of a given size from the laboratory colony and then closed with a gauze cloth. The containers were held under a 16-h photophase at a temperature of 65 to 75°F. Mortality resulting from molting failure was determined at 3, 5, and 10 days after treatment.
Sweet Peppers and Insect Control, Delaware, 1978
Authors: Burbutis Paul P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were replicated 4 times, in 3-row, 30 ft. long plots in a randomized complete block design. Transplants were set out on Jun 3. Sprays were applied using a 2-gal, CO2-pressurized sprayer at 38 psi in 1 gal water per treatment (= 40 gal/acre). Granular materials were applied by hand with a small shaker in a furrow ca. 2 in. deep and 4 in. out from plant on one side of the rows. Mixed red and green, commercial size peppers were sampled for “worm” infestations on Aug 24 and Sept 14 from the middle row of each plot. One hundred leaves (25/plot) were randomly sampled each week for Green peach aphid counts.
Spearmint, Alfalfa Looper and Mint Aphid Control, Washington, 1978
Authors: Pike K. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were applied as broadcast sprays on Jun 21, using a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on a bicycle-wheeled carriage, calibrated to deliver 25 gpa at 40 psi.Temperature was 96°F at the time of spraying. Plots were 8 x 17 ft, replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Mint height was 2 to 2.5 ft. Efficacy was based on insects collected with a 15-inch diameter sweep net.
Green Peach Aphid Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1978
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Norland’ potatoes were planted Jun 2 at the Red River Valley Potato Growers Research Farm in Grand Forks, North Dakota. Treatments were applied to 2-row plots, 40-ft long, with 40-inch row spacing, in randomized complete blocks with 3 replications. The systemic insecticides were applied at planting as an in-furrow band below the seed piece. Soil type was a Bearden silty-clay. Green peach aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves per plot.
Potato Leafhopper Control and Potato Yields, 10-Day Interval Spray Program, 1978
Authors: Longridge J. L. , Libby J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two-row, 50-foot plots with rows 36 inches apart were planted with “B-size” certified seed of the ‘Superior’ cultivar at the University of Wisconsin Research Farm, Arlington, Wl, on May 10‘78. Treatments consisted of 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied by a tractor-drawn, 18-foot-boom sprayer delivering 60 gallons of spray per acre. Sprays were applied on Jul 9, 20, 31, Aug 10, and 20. The soil type was Piano silt loam (sand 12%, silt 70%, and clay 18%) with O. M. 30 tons per acre and pH 6.0. Rainfall between planting on May TO and vine killing on Aug 28 was 20.02 inches. Yields were taken on Sep 2. Insect counts were taken with a 15-inch-diameter sweep net.
Foliar Sprays for Mid and Late Season Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1978
Authors: Moore R. E. B. , Hare J. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Katahdin’ potatoes were planted on May 10 in a Merrimac sandy loam at the Valley Laboratory, Windsor. Temik was applied directly to the seed furrow at planting. Plots consisted of 3-rows 1.0 m apart and 4.6 m long. There were 4 replicates laid out in a randomized complete block design. On Jul 19, when it appeared that Colorado potato beetles were surviving on plots treated with Temik, a comparison of 3 foliar sprays was initiated to determine an effective supplement for the Temik treatments. The insecticides selected are labelled for use on potatoes in Connecticut, and Furadan is most commonly used. Foliar sprays were applied weekly for 9 treatments through Sep 13. A Bean hydraulic sprayer was used with a hand-held nozzle at 150 psi and a delivery of 100 gal/acre. Beetles were counted weekly on leaves on 3, 25 cm sections of a vine from 3 center row plants in each plot. Potato yields were computed from a complete harvest of each plot on Oct 10.
Irish Potato, Control of Potato Infesting Aphids, 1978
Authors: Storch R. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experiments A and B were randomized complete block designs with 6 replicates and were conducted at Presque Isle, Maine on land that was sown to oats in 1977. The planting date was May 23‘78 for all experiments. In each experiment the 2.0 m space between blocks and the 1.4 m space between columns and at the sides and ends of the experiments were sown to oats two weeks after planting. Each plot consisted of 4 rows of potatoes 0.9 m apart and 15.0 m long. The 57 g healthy seed pieces were hand planted 30.0 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling practices were normal for the area. Late blight control was effected by weekly foliar applications of Rohm & Haas M45 (1121 g/ha week of Jul 7, 1781 g/ha weeks of Jul 10 through 24, and 2242 g/ha weeks of Jul 31 through Aug 28). Soil applications of insecticides were made by hand with a plastic tube applying previously weighed amounts of insecticide into the furrow just prior to planting. Foliar insecticide applications were made with a Century boom sprayer, 3 nozzles per row at 7.0 kg/cm2 and 1.2 kl/ha. Foliar insecticides were mixed with the fungicide. Numbers of aphids (by species) were counted on top, middle, and bottom leaves of 25 plants in the 2 middle rows of each plot. When date of count and application are the same, aphid counts were made prior to application of the insecticide. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the raw data using log10(x + 1). Means of the total number of wingless aphids were compared using Duncan’s new multiple range test and then reconverted as given in the Table. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. Rainfall for Jun, Jul, and Aug was respectively 103.7, 124.2, and 57.6 percent of normal. Temperature for the same 3 months departed + 0.6°, + 4.4°, and + 5.0°C from normal.
Control of the Potato Leafhopper in Virginia, 1979
Authors: Roberts James E. , Kondratieff Boris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At the VPI & SU Animal Science Farm in Montgomery Co., Virginia, three rates of Orthene 75S and 1 rate of Sevin 80%WP were applied to plots tested for control of the potato leafhopper on a four year old planting of alfalfa in the “second-cutting” growth stage (approximately 16 in tall, 5% bloom). Plots, 20 ft long by 20 ft wide, were arranged in a randomized complete block design, and replicated four times. Insecticides were applied with a hand-carried four gal compressed air sprayer calibrated to apply 108 gallons of water per acre at 50 psi. Pretreatmenf and post-treatment insect counts were taken using a 15-inch diameter sweep net making 10 pendular sweeps per plot. Post-treatment insect counts were taken 3 and 5 days after treatment.
Barley Insect Control, 1980
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Glenn’ barley was planted May 5 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN. Plots were 21 x 65 ft, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Treatments were applied Jun 25 and Jul 8 using a tractor-drawn boom sprayer delivering 27 gal/acre at ca 100 psi. Each plot was sampled Jun 27 by sweeping 50 times with a standard insect net. Heavy colonization of the plots by armyworm occurred after the first sampling and allowed a second test. Plots were sampled Jul 10 by shaking plants over a 14 x 18 in tray placed at the base of the plants in 10 locations/plot. Yields were taken Aug 5 from a 55 inch combine-swath through each plot.
Field Corn, Northern Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1980
Authors: Hower Arthur A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test field had been in continuous corn for 4 years. Corn was planted no-till In 30 in, 6 x 100 ft plots with 4 replications In a randomized block design. Seven insecticides, applied at planting on May 16, were compared at 10 material-rate combinations. The treatments were evaluated by root damage ratings based on the Iowa 1-6 system and on yield.
Effect of Timing of Insecticides on Control of European Corn Borers, 1979
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Roberts James E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Furadan 10G and Furadan 4F were each applied at three different times and Furadan 15G two different times, during the early growing season and Counter 15G and Temik 15G were applied at planting time only for controlling first brood European corn borer larvae. Insecticides were applied on either April 30, May 28, or June 8 in field corn located at the Vernon Delano Farm near Warsaw, Virginia. A randomized block experimental design was employed with 3 replications. Individual plots were 4 x 25 ft roows spaced 3 ft apart. Insecticides were applied with a Gandy granular applicator in a 5 in band over the row at planting or in a 5 in band in the whorl. The at planting applications were lightly incorporated to a depth of 0.5-1.0 in. The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments was determined by comparing the percent infested stalks on June 4 and 19, percent lodged stalks on Sept 18, and yield in treated plots to that in untreated plots. All corn stalks in each plot were examined for the presence of live larvae and evaluated for lodging.
Corn (Field), True Armyworm Control in Field Corn, 1979
Authors: Roberts James E. , Kondratieff Boris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were applied and evaluated for control of armyworm in Augusta County, VA. Funks 5757 variety corn was planted May 1 using a randomized complete block design. Four row plots, 50 feet in length were replicated four times. Pretreatment population counts (number of plants with larvae) were obtained representing 200 ft of row replicated twice. Pretreatment population counts indicated 100% infestation. The two center rows of each plot were used for evaluating treatments. Treatments were applied May 30 using a compressed air spray operating at 30 psi spraying 73 gal/acre and a hand cranked duster to apply granular materials in a 7-in band. Post-treatment counts were obtained on June 1 and 3 by counting the number of larvae alive or dead per plot. Armyworm larvae were In their second to fourth instar.
Field Evaluation of Insecticide Seed Treatments for Corn Seedling Maggot Control on Maize, Batangas, Philippines, 1980
Authors: Venugopal M.S. , Litsinger J.A. , Apostol R.F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In a farmer’s field In Cale village, Tanauan, Batangas province, Philippines, 37 insecticide seed dressings were tested at 3 g ai/kg seed for seedling maggot control on maize. Seeds agitated in a plastic bag with 25% gum arabic-water solution and insecticide were sown (15 kg/ha) to 5-m2 plots in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Percentage deadhearts were recorded twice, 14 and 28 days after crop emergence, from 10 randomly selected plants per plot.