bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Anak Usia Dini Melalui Bermain Puzzle Huruf
Authors: Juhaeti Eti 
Published: July 2022

The main and fundamental problem in this research is whether through playing letter puzzles the reading ability of early childhood can be improved? The purpose of this study was to improve reading skills in early childhood through playing letter puzzles. The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental method (nonequivalent control group design) on group B students at Tunas Bangsa Kindergarten, Kramatmulya Village, Kramatmulya District, Kuningan Regency, which consisted of 18 control group students and 18 experimental group students. Data collection techniques in research through observation and documentation. The data analysis was carried out with quantitative techniques. The results showed that there was an increase in the reading ability of early childhood through playing letter puzzles, significantly than children who did not use the letter puzzle game, with an N-Gain value of 26.22 in the experimental group, and 3.33 in the control group, children's reading ability. Early childhood showed a significant increase, this is due to the repeated application of strategies to information, the learning experiences gained by early childhood through playing letter puzzles can improve early childhood reading skills. Based on the results of the study, the recommendation proposed is to contribute ideas to PAUD institutions in improving reading skills in early childhood through playing letter puzzles.
Abstrak
Permasalahan utama dan mendasar dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah melalui bermain puzzle huruf kemampuan membaca anak usia dini dapat ditingkatkan? Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pada anak usia dini melalui bermain puzzle huruf. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen (nonequivalent control group design) terhadap siswa kelompok B di TK Tunas Bangsa Desa Kramatmulya Kecamatan Kramatmulya Kabupaten Kuningan yang terdiri dari 18 siswa kelompok kontrol dan 18 siswa kelompok eksperimen. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian melalui observasi dan dokumentasi. Adapun analisis data yang dilakukan dengan teknik kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan kemampuan membaca anak usia dini melalui bermain puzzle huruf, secara signifikan daripada anak yang tidak menggunakan permaianan puzzle huruf, dengan nilai N-Gain 26,22 pada kelompok eksperimen, dan 3,33 pada kelompok kontrol, kemampuan membaca anak usia dini menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan, Hal ini dikarenakan penerapan strategi yang dilakukan berulang-ulang terhadap informasi, pengalaman pembelajaran yang di dapat oleh anak usia dini melalui bermain puzzle huruf dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca anak usia dini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, rekomendasi yang diajukan adalah memberikan sumbangan pemikiran pada lembaga PAUD dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pada anak usia dini melalui bermain puzzle huruf.
Analisis Standar Dan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Furwanti Eni , Apriani Nanin , Krismayanti Yanti , Barlian Ujang Cepi , Warta Waska 
Published: July 2022

PAUD national standards are difficult to meet by PAUD units, most of which are managed by the community (96%), overlapping units and programs in providing PAUD services, requirements for applying for permits and renewing permits are difficult to fulfill by PAUD units managed by the community. This article uses a descriptive qualitative method because the focus of this research is to determine the evaluation of early childhood education learning in PAUD Adinda Kec. Rancasari Bandung. The research subject is the subject that will be addressed by the researcher for research, which is the person, place or object observed in the context of being the center of the research target. In this study the researchers chose to conduct research in PAUD Adinda Kec. Rancasari Bandung. because researchers are interested in seeing how the evaluation of early childhood education learning in PAUD Adinda Kec. Rancasari Bandung. Data collection techniques are: observation, interviews, documentation. Adinda's PAUD has met the standards in accordance with the policies regarding the Permen 137 2014 and 146 2014 PAUD standards regarding PAUD learning. Although there are things that are not in line, they are not crucial. So that this PAUD can still carry out KBM during the pandemic and before the pandemic.
Abstrak
Standar nasional PAUD sulit dipenuhi oleh satuan PAUD yang sebagian besar dikelola masyarakat (96%), tumpang tindih satuan dan program dalam penyelenggaraan layanan PAUD, persyaratan pengajuan izin dan pembaharuan izin sulit dipenuhi oleh satuan PAUD yang dikelola Masyarakat. Artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif karena fokus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui evaluasi pembelajaran pendidikan anak usia dini di PAUD Adinda Kec. Rancasari Bandung. Subyek penelitian merupakan subyek yang akan dituju oleh peneliti untuk diteliti, yang dimaksud yaitu orang, tempat atau benda yang diamati dalam rangka sebagai pusat sasaran penelitian. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti memilih melakukan penelitian di PAUD Adinda Kec. Rancasari Bandung. karena peneliti tertarik untuk melihat bagaimana evaluasi pembelajaran pendidikan anak usia dini di PAUD Adinda Kec. Rancasari Bandung. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu: observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. PAUD Adinda telah memenuhi standar yang sesuai dengan kebijakan tentang standar Paud permen 137 2014 dan 146 2014 tentang pembelajaran PAUD. Walaupun ada yang belum sejalan tetapi bukan hal yang krusial. Sehingga PAUD ini tetap bisa melaksanakan KBM di saat pandemi dan sebelum pandemi.
GLOBAL CONSTITUTIONALISM AS A THINKING ABOUT CONSTITUTIONAL VALUES IN CONDITIONS OF EXTREME UNCERTAINTY: QUO VADIS?
Authors: Lvova El. Ol. 
Published: July 2022

The article considers the use of the phenomenology of global constitutionalism as thinking about constitutional values in the conditions of extreme uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic and Ukraine's war with Russia.
The author argues that despite the fact that the active process of globalization continues to rapidly affect and affect the structure of legal systems, and international law, unfortunately, is not always an effective tool for managing these changes contrary to their own principles and customs, to help him comes the phenomenology of global constitutionalism, which serves to limit state power (even democratic), applied at the state level, taking into account the principles of the rule of law, protection of human rights and democracy.
It is argued that the relevance of lawyers' research on global constitutionalism, in particular the impact of globalization on the development of constitutional law, due to a number of factors, including the following: A) the subject of constitutional law in countries of the world depending on their economic development; B) the essence of constitutional control under conditions of extreme uncertainty becomes important.
It is stated that one of the most important features of modern constitutionalism of Ukraine, first, is the autonomy of the regulation of constitutional proceedings. In conditions of uncertainty, Ukraine continues to carry out judicial reform, but the issue of improving the procedure for selecting judges to the Constitutional Court of Ukraine remains relevant; secondly, there are real difficulties in constitutional and legal regulation of administrative and territorial reform and risks to the formation of a possible policy of constitutional modernization of Ukraine in the territories occupied by the Russian Federation, especially the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Eastern Ukraine in digitalization. The formation of Ukrainian constitutionalism in the context of global digitalization should be facilitated by the consolidation of new requirements for law enforcement and law enforcement of constitutional and legislative guidelines in digital format; thirdly, in the process of globalization, the safeguards of the loss of national sovereignty and international legal personality of Ukraine should be the improvement and implementation of legislation on the procedural procedure for consideration by the Constitutional Court of Ukraine of cases on national security and state secrets.
TERRITORIAL SUPREME AS AN IMMANT SIGN OF SOVEREIGNTY AND INTERNATIONAL SUBJECTIVITY OF THE STATE
Authors: Shkabaro V.N. , Boyarsky V.O. 
Published: July 2022

The authors emphasizes that the processes of globalization and current events in Ukraine call for increased attention to constitutional research on issues related to the territory of the state. A review of the legal literature and the opinions expressed in it gave the authors reason to formulate the thesis that territorial supremacy is an immanent sign of sovereignty and international subjectivity of the state.
The purpose of the article is to carry out a constitutional study of systemic relationships in the triad "territorial supremacy – state sovereignty – international subjectivity of the state".
Within the argumentation of this thesis, three characteristics of territorial supremacy are briefly analyzed.

Territorial supremacy is characterized by the fact that public power in general and state power in particular within state borders is exclusive and complete. State power is exercised by a system of state bodies.
Territorial supremacy is characterized by the fact that public power in general and state power in particular in some cases is extraterritorial. The relations to which state power extends in these cases are determined by national law, taking into account international standards.
Territorial supremacy is characterized by the fact that public authorities in general and public authorities in particular affect not only domestic but also foreign relations. In the international arena, the state acts taking into account the priorities of domestic policy, which are enshrined in national legislation (or in documents of a programmatic nature).

The authors summarizes that the practical implementation of these three characteristics of territorial supremacy is carried out by each country at its discretion. From the point of view of constitutional law, it is important that the principles of national constitutionalism are always taken into account, sometimes also the principles of constitutionalism of foreign countries (horizontal dimension of extraterritoriality), and even less often the principles of global constitutionalism (vertical dimension of extraterritoriality).
THE CONCEPT OF "MUNICIPAL MAN": MODIFICATION IN THE LIGHT OF MARTIME
Authors: Boyarskіі O.O. 
Published: July 2022

The article considers the practical aspects of the implementation of the concept of "municipal man" (homo municipalis) in the legislation on local self-government and in the practice of local self-government bodies of the country, as well as its modifications in light of martial law.
It turns out that the concept of "municipal man" (homo municipalis), and, both in peacetime and in martial law and the actual conduct of hostilities has great methodological and praxeological potential for building and developing territorial human communities and improving the use of local government in a democratic state governed by the rule of law. It is, on the one hand, a harbinger of the formation and improvement of legal personality of each resident member of the local community, and on the other – a fundamental task of local government, carried out by local governments on behalf and in the interests of the local community.
A systematic analysis of the relevant legislative array shows that the current modern military legislation of Ukraine is characterized not only by complete disregard for the goals and objectives of local self-government during martial law, but also by neutralizing or significantly reducing the powers of local governments – moreover, replacing the main entity exercise of such powers (they are transferred from local governments to territorial military administrations), which, in essence, disintegrates the concept of "municipal man" and its implementation in the practice of local governments.
It is stated that the realities of today, as well as the important organizational, regulatory and managerial role of local governments within the territorial community in martial law determine changes in the position of the legislator to restore proper legal personality of local governments in the context of returning some powers to elected local actors. self-government, which marks the recognition and return to the concept of "municipal man" and its application in lawmaking and lawmaking.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE SUBJECT OF PROOF IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AT THE STAGE OF JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Garsky A.V. 
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the issue of determining the scope and procedure for the examination of evidence in court proceedings as the determinism of the subject of evidence. In the process of a brief analysis of the scientific concept of the subject of evidence, the author tries to demonstrate the errors that occur in law enforcement agencies in determining the subject of evidence in practice. The criminal procedure legislation of European countries is analyzed separately, in the part of determining the boundaries of the trial and the subject of evidence.
The study proved the objectification of the need to change the legal paradigm of thinking in adversarial proceedings, to achieve effective trial, which requires the following:

the prosecution, taking into account the presumption of innocence, in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 349 of the CPC of Ukraine, during the introductory speech, among other things, to inform the defense and the court: a) the limits of the trial on charges; b) the evidence to be provided by the prosecution, their acceptable procedure for examination, taking into account the legal position of the prosecution;
the defense, taking into account the principle of dispositiveness, in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 349 of the CPC of Ukraine, after the introductory speech of the prosecutor, to make an introductory speech in which, inter alia, to inform the prosecution and the court: a) about his legal position; b) on general measures of protection aimed at refuting the accusation; c) the limits of the accusation, which the defense recognizes as such, to refute the accusation; d) the list of evidence which, in the opinion of the defense, must be declared inadmissible, inadequate or insufficient;
taking into account such a public determination, the prosecution will be able to form a list of evidence that is subject to examination in court, and which are necessary to prove the circumstances provided for in Art. 91 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. In turn, the court, with the help of such interaction, will not only form the boundaries of the subject of evidence, which will affect the effectiveness of the trial, including its temporally effective characteristics, but also ensure the productive realization of their procedural rights and procedural obligations. languages.
LAW ENFORCEMENT OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS IN CASES OF RELEASE FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY
Authors: Gumenyuk V.V. 
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the application of certain provisions in cases of exemption from criminal liability.
It is stated that the issue of law enforcement of the investigated provisions in cases of exemption from criminal liability is relevant, not only from the standpoint of implementing the basic principles of criminal punishment, but also from a praxeological standpoint of application of relevant relevant provisions of criminal law. It is established that the provisions on the release of a person from criminal liability are determined by Articles 44 – 49 of Section IX of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
It is proved that exemption from criminal liability is a refusal of the state to apply to a person who has committed a crime, statutory restrictions on certain rights and freedoms by closing a criminal case carried out by a court in cases under the Criminal Code of Ukraine in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Code Of Ukraine (Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine of December 23, 2005 № 1 "On the practice of application by the courts of Ukraine of the legislation on release of a person from criminal liability"). It is also established that a person who has committed a criminal offense is released from criminal liability: a) only in cases provided by the Criminal Code of Ukraine; b) such exemption from criminal liability occurs only in cases provided by this Code; c) such dismissal is carried out exclusively by a court (Article 44 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine).
Exemption from criminal liability is characterized by the following features: a) it does not involve state conviction of the person who committed the crime (conviction is not passed); b) no punishment is applied to the perpetrator; c) due to the absence of a conviction, a person released from criminal liability is considered to have no criminal record.
It is proved that the general part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine provides, in particular, for the following cases of release of a person from criminal liability: in connection with effective repentance (Article 45); in connection with the reconciliation of the perpetrator with the victim (Article 46); in connection with the transfer of a person on bail (Article 47); in connection with a change of circumstances (Article 48); in connection with the expiration of the statute of limitations (Article 49). At the same time, a detailed consideration of the above cases allowed us to explore important aspects and features of their implementation.
VALIDACIÓN DE INSTRUMENTOS PARA EVALUAR LA CALIDAD DE VIDA DEL ADULTO MAYOR CON INSUFICIENCIA RENAL CRÓNICA
Authors: Villafuerte Fernández Amanda Abigail , Pazmiño Villao Alexandra Jacqueline , Romero Urréa Holguer Estuardo , Yuquilema-Cortez María Beatriz , Salas Alvarado Javier Antonio 
Published: July 2022

Introducción: La insuficiencia renal crónica afecta a toda una población adulta e influye en su calidad de vida. En el Ecuador se reporta que más del 65% de pacientes con hipertensión y diabetes progresan con insuficiencia renal. Objetivo: Validar los instrumentos para evaluar la influencia de la hemodiálisis en la calidad de vida del adulto mayor con insuficiencia renal crónica, Unidad Dialysis Center. Materiales y métodos: La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuali-cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, descriptivo de corte transversal. Se realizó una prueba piloto con los instrumentos a validarse en una muestra conformada por 15 adultos mayores que se encuentran en tratamiento sustitutivo de hemodiálisis. Resultados: El instrumento cuantitativo o encuesta obtuvo un coeficiente de confiabilidad (Alfa de Cronbach) de 0.80 y la entrevista o instrumento cualitativo, una puntuación de 95 según la rúbrica de los expertos, por lo que los instrumentos fueron aprobados y es confiable su aplicación para responder a los objetivos planteados en la investigación. Conclusiones: Con los resultados obtenidos por el plan piloto realizado, se identifica una influencia considerable de la insuficiencia renal crónica en la calidad de vida, comprende repercusiones a nivel emocional desarrollando depresión. Los datos obtenidos validan la efectividad de los instrumentos para el estudio.

SUMMARYIntroduction: Chronic renal failure affects an entire adult population and influences their quality of life. In Ecuador it is reported that more than 65% of patients with hypertension and diabetes progress to kidney failure. Objective: To validate the instruments to evaluate the influence of hemodialysis on the quality of life of the elderly with chronic renal failure, Dialysis Center Unit. Materials and methods: The research had a qualitative-quantitative approach, non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional design. A pilot test was carried out with the instruments to be validated in a sample made up of 15 older adults who are on hemodialysis replacement therapy. Results: The quantitative instrument or survey obtained a reliability coefficient (Cronbach's Alpha) of 0.80 and the interview or qualitative instrument, a score of 95 according to the experts' rubric, so the instruments were approved and their application is reliable for respond to the objectives set out in the research. Conclusions: With the results obtained by the pilot plan carried out, a considerable influence of chronic renal failure on quality of life is identified, including repercussions at an emotional level, developing depression. The data obtained validate the effectiveness of the instruments for the study.
ROL DE LA FAMILIA EN EL CUIDADO DEL ADULTO MAYOR: UN ESTUDIO DE CASO
Authors: Intriago Zambrano Carmen María , Navarrete Pita Yulexy Navarrete Pita 
Published: July 2022

Introducción: La familia se ha convertido en la base importante de apoyo en la vida de los adultos mayores, convirtiéndose estos en personas dependientes de otra ya sea por distintos determinantes, un adulto mayor dependiente requiere de apoyo de un cuidador principal perteneciendo al mismo círculo familiar, específicamente de sexo femenino. Los cuidados directos a una adulta mayor recaen en una sola persona, trayendo consecuencias en la misma, como es la sobrecarga de trabajo en la cuidadora. Objetivo: indagar el Rol de la Familia en el cuidado del adulto mayor y a su vez analizar el nivel de sobrecarga del cuidador y la calidad de vida de ambas personas en estudio. Materiales y métodos: Corresponde a un estudio de caso, de tipo observacional, descriptivo y analítico, cualitativo, en base al rol de la familia en el cuidado de la adulta mayor Esperanza Mera de la ciudadela Francisco Pacheco de la ciudad de Portoviejo. Resultados: Existe poca satisfacción en la calidad de vida y el nivel de sobrecarga es intensa, al igual que manifiestan disfunción familiar leve, para lo cual se diseñó un plan el mismo que deben de llevar a cabo en el Centro de Salud al que pertenecen. Conclusión: Es fundamental que la cuidadora este completamente orientada y capacitada por profesionales de salud en el cuidado del adulto mayor dependiente y en su auto cuidado, ya que la misma es la única responsable del cuidado sin recibir apoyo del resto de la familia

SUMMARYIntroduction: The family has become the important base of support in the lives of older adults, making them dependent on another, either due to different determinants, a dependent older adult requires support from a primary caregiver belonging to the same family circle. specifically female. Direct care for an older adult falls on a single person, bringing consequences to it, such as work overload for the caregiver. Objective: to investigate the Role of the Family in the care of the elderly and, in turn, to analyze the level of burden of the caregiver and the quality of life of both people under study. Materials and methods: Corresponds to an observational, descriptive and analytical, qualitative case study, based on the role of the family in the care of the elderly Esperanza Mera from the Francisco Pacheco citadel in the city of Portoviejo. Results: There is little satisfaction in the quality of life and the level of overload is intense, as well as manifesting mild family dysfunction, for which a plan was designed that must be carried out in the Health Center to which they belong. Conclusion: It is essential that the caregiver is completely oriented and trained by health professionals in the care of the elderly dependent adult and in their self-care, since they are the only one responsible for the care without receiving support from the rest of the family.