bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data mining technology for the identification and threshold of governing factors of landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Authors: Guo Liangjie , Miao Fasheng , Zhao Fancheng , Wu Yiping 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Due to the complex geological conditions and external triggering factors, the deformation of landslide disaster often has spatial differences, especially in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. It is of great significance to explore the governing factors and their thresholds in different parts of landslide. In this research, the deformation of Shuping landslide is analyzed. First, 9 hydrological factors are selected for data mining analysis by comprehensive research, including 5 reservoir water factors and 4 rainfall factors. Then, the numerical variables are transformed into discrete variables by two-step clustering method, and the Apriori algorithm is was utilized to deal with the classified variables to generate the correlation criterion meeting the minimum confidence, and the correlation criterions between triggering factors and landslide displacement are established. Finally, the threshold of governing factors are mined out by decision tree C5.0 models. The results indicate that governing factors controlling the deformation of different parts of landslide are distinct. Specifically, the rear landslide is jointly controlled by the reservoir water and rainfall. On the contrary, the reservoir level controls the deformation of other parts of Shuping landslide. Generally, the daily drop of water level is the most important factor causing the deformation of Shuping landslide. During the period of low water level (138.951 ~ 147.437 m), once the daily drop of water level exceeded 0.416 m/d, the landslide will show severe deformation. This research reveals that the study of association criterion and threshold is of great significance for landslide deformation analysis. Data mining technology can be better applied to the prediction of the reservoir landslide.
Pembrolizumab as a first line therapy in a patient with extensive Mucoepidermoid salivary gland carcinoma. A complete clinical, radiological and pathological response. A very specific case
Authors: Farhat Raed , Asna Noam , Avraham Yaniv , Khater Ashraf , Asakla Majd , Safia Alaa , Elkhatib Nidal , Merchavy Shlomo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The treatment options for patients with advanced salivary gland cancers (SGCs) are limited. Results from recently published studies indicate a possible use for checkpoint inhibition in a subset of patients, but there are no established criteria for programme cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) scoring in SGCs. The benefit of chemotherapies was reported to be minimal with a prognosis that remains poor in unresectable and high grade SGC.Immunotherapies have shown remarkable success in various entities not limited to non-small cell lung cancer and malignant melanoma. Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, has been proven to have strong anti-tumor activity in a variety of clinical studies.Case presentation: We report a unique case of advanced high grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid salivary gland after Pembrolizumab treatment as a first line therapy. Pembrolizumab treatment resulted in downstaging of the tumor which lead to its successful surgical resection with no facial nerve sacrifice and no serious side effects of the neoadjuvant treatment, and the final specimen pathology was free of tumor. A similar strategy that resulted in complete response (CR) radiologically and pathologically has never been mentioned before in these kind of tumors.Conclusions: Pembrolizumab has demonstrated a promising antitumor activity in pretreated patients with high grade salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and offered a clinically, radiological and pathological response with a meaningful therapeutic option. Further studies that move the treatment of Pembrolizumab to front-line are necessary. These studies should include the time and duration of the pharmacotherapy in relation to the needed time of surgery.
Left Atrial Strain Determinants and Clinical Features According to the Heart Failure Stages. New Insight from EACVI MASCOT Registry
Authors: Benfari Giovanni , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Magne Julien , Miglioranza Marcelo H. , Ancona Roberta , Luksic Vlatka Reskovic , Pastore Maria Concetta , Santoro Ciro , Michalski Blazej , Malagoli Alessandro , Muraru Denisa , Donal Erwan , Cosyns Bernard , Edvardsen Thor , Popescu Bogdan A. , Cameli Matteo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Few studies analyzed left atrial (LA) peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) determinants, particularly across heart failure (HF) stages. Objective: We aimed to analyze the pathophysiological and clinical PALS correlates in a large multicentric prospective study. Methods: This is a multicenter prospective observational study enrolling 745 patients with HF stages. Data included PALS and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS). Exclusion criteria were: valvular prosthesis; atrial fibrillation; cardiac transplantation; poor acoustic window. Results: Median global PALS was 17% [24-32]. 29% of patients were in HF-stage 0-A, 35% in stage-B, and 36% in stage-C. Together with age, the echocardiographic determinants of PALS were LA volume and LV-GLS (overall model R²=0.50, p<0.0001). LV-GLS had the strongest association with PALS at multivariable analysis (beta:-3.60±0.20, p<0.0001). Among HF stages, LV-GLS remained the most important PALS predictor (p<0.0001) whereas age was only associated with PALS in lower HF-stage 0-A or B (R=-0.26 p<0.0001, R=-0.23 p=0.0001). LA volume increased its association to PALS moving from stage 0-A (R=-0.11; P=0.1) to C (R=-0.42; P<0.0001). PALS was the single most potent echocardiographic parameter in predicting the HF stage (AUC for B vs. 0-A 0.81, and AUC vs. 0-A for C 0.76). PALS remained independently associated with HF stages after adjusting for ejection fraction, E/e’ ratio, and mitral regurgitation grade (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Although influenced by LV-GLS and LA size across HF stages, PALS is incrementally and independently associated with clinical status. LA function may reflect a substantial part of the hemodynamic consequences of ventricular dysfunction.
Diagnostic Performance of Quantitative Flow Ratio (QFR) Values Generated from Automatic TIMI Frame-Counting
Authors: Devineni Aditya , Levine Molly B. , Melaku Gebremedhin D. , Kahsay Yirga , Finizio Michael , Waksman Ron , Garcia-Garcia Hector M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background:
QFR (quantitative flow ratio) is a computational measurement of FFR (fractional flow reserve), calculated from coronary angiography. Latest QFR software automates TIMI frame counting (TFC), which occurs during the flow step of QFR analyses, making the analysis faster and more reproducible. The objective is to determine the diagnostic performance of QFR values obtained from analyses using automatic TFC compared to those obtained from analyses using manual TFC, in the assessment of hemodynamically significant coronary lesions.
Methods and Results:
This was a single-arm clinical trial that used the prospective analysis of retrospective data to compare the automatic and current gold standard manual TFC QFR values of 97 patients who underwent coronary angiography. The diagnostic performance of automatic TFC QFR values was measured as follows: sensitivity was 0.8696 (95% CI 0.6641–0.9722) and specificity was 1.00 (95% CI 0.9514-1.00), positive predictive value (PPV) was 1.00 (95%CI 1.00–1.00), while the NPV was 0.9610 (95% CI 0.9610–0.9936). Overall accuracy was 96.91% (95% CI 91.23%-99.36%). The agreement as illustrated by the Bland-Altman plot shows a bias of 0.0023 (SD 0.0208) and narrow limits of agreement (LOA): Upper LOA 0.0573 and Lower LOA − 0.0528. The area under curve (AUC) was 0.996.
Conclusions:
QFR values generated from automatic TFC are comparable to those generated from manual TFC in diagnostic capability. The most recent software update is equivalent to the previous manual option and therefore it can be used interchangeably.
Nutritional and logarithmic fungal count of brewery spent grain in different conservation techniques and brewery factories’
Authors: Kitaw Getu , Terefe Geberemariyam , Faji Mulisa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objectives of this study was to investigate the effect of conservation practices (soaking, sun drying and ensiling) on nutritional and fungal load dynamics of wet brewers’ grain (WBG). About 40 kilogram of WBG was collected from four breweries (Meta Abo, Habesha, Dashen and Bedele) located in different districts of the country. Sample was labeled and kept in a separate sterile bag, stored under − 20 OC. For soaking, two kg sample was uniformly treated with salt at 3% on DM basis and placed in cold water submerged plastic container and covered with a lead for partial aerobic storage. Two kg fresh sample was exposed to sun drying for three days, eight hours per day and another 2 kg fresh sample was ensiled in a plastic bottle. Molasses was added at the rate of 3% on DM basis to enhance proper fermentation and compaction inside the silo. All samples except sun dried, were subjected to oven drying at 550C for 72 hrs. Chemical compositions, dry matter losses and, fungal count (yeast and mold colony) were determined by standard laboratory procedure. To determine insacco degradability, samples were incubated 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours in nylon bags (6.5 × 14 cm, 50 µm pore size) placed ventral sac of thee cannulated Boran-Friesian steers (550 ± 15 kg live weight). The sample received from Meta Abo brewery factory had y higher (p < 0.05) acid detergent fiber, lignin and digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DM) but comparable dry matter, ash, crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber with the other breweries. The minimal loss on DM and other nutrients, lower fungal, yeast and mold colony counts and the higher CP digestion kinetics was observed in ensiling techniques. If supply is not a constraint under local conditions, ensiling can be recommended as a best WBG conservation practice.
Safety and Efficacy of iStent Inject® Trabecular Micro-Bypass Stents in Combination with Phacoemulsification for Chronic Open Angle Glaucoma Associated with Cataract
Authors: Cela Déborah , Brasnu Emmanuelle , Hamard Pascale , Baudouin Christophe , Labbé Antoine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of phacoemulsification combined with iStent Inject® implantation for the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma controlled on topical anti-glaucoma medications and associated with cataract.
Methods
This study was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent phacoemulsification and implantation of an iStent Inject® for chronic open-angle glaucoma associated with cataract. For all patients, pre- and postoperative characteristics, including number of glaucoma medications and intraocular pressure (IOP), were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. Postoperative visits were scheduled at 7 days and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.
Results
Forty-nine eyes of 39 patients were included in the study. Mean preoperative IOP at baseline was 16.3 ± 4.3 mmHg (range, 10–29 mmHg) with a mean of 2.2 ± 1.0 mmHg antiglaucoma medications. At 1 month, the mean IOP reduction was 16% (p < 0.05) along with an 18.7% reduction in the mean number of medications. At 6 months, the mean IOP was 12.8 ± 2.6, with a mean of 1.1 ± 0.9 antiglaucoma medications. The mean IOP reduction at 6 months was 22% (p < 0.05) along with a 49% reduction in the mean number of medications. At 12 months, the mean IOP was 13.8 ± 2.5 with a mean of 1.1 ± 1.2 medications. The mean IOP reduction at 12 months was 15% (p < 0.05) along with a 47% reduction in the mean number of medications. No severe device-related side effects were observed.
Conclusions
iStent Inject® implantation combined with phacoemulsification resulted in effective IOP reduction and medication burden in patients with mild to advanced chronic open-angle glaucoma and preoperative IOP well controlled with topical hypotensive medications.
Dietary trends and socioeconomic disparities among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Parker Jennifer , Kaur Simranpreet , Medalla John Marlo , Imbert-Sanchez Anairobi , Bautista Jeanette Alexandra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Healthy eating is vital to health and well-being and during the COVID-19 pandemic it is especially important for boosting immunity and protecting against viral infections. Yet, by many accounts, a nutritious diet has been a casualty of the pandemic, rather than a means to fight it, especially among the most socioeconomically vulnerable. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional design to examine income-based dietary disparities targeting young adults (ages 18-28) during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Young adults have experienced some of the biggest pandemic-related disruptions during a formative stage of development while no known scholarly attention has addressed dietary changes in this demographic. Participants (N=254) responded to a 15-20-minute online survey and questions related to food composition and sources of food, perceptions of healthy eating, weight change, physical activity, and food insecurity. Comparisons were made between those who lived in households that earned above versus below the U.S. median income. Results: Lower income young adults were disproportionately represented in unhealthy consumption changes during the lockdown period such as increased intake of junk food (+3%) and a decrease in grains (-2%). Upper income participants were overly represented in healthy changes in diet such as a decrease in eating at fast food restaurants (-4%) and an increased reliance on home cooked food from scratch (+6%). Lower income participants also perceived their eating habits during the lockdown as less healthy (M=21.0, SD=4.99) than their upper income counterparts (M=23.53, SD=5.66). Weight gain during lockdown was reported by half (50%) of lower income and less than a third (29%) of upper income participants. Financial circumstances negatively impacted the diets of significantly more lower income (39%) than upper income (18%) respondents. Food insecurity during lockdown was a regular occurrence for 6-8% of lower income versus 2-5% of upper income young adults in this study. Conclusions: It is recommended that pandemic minded public health interventions account for negative dietary trends with particular attention to low-income young adults.
Measuring Nigeria’s output gap: An Application of Kalman Filter
Authors: Uzoagulu Promise Chinecherem , Onuigbo Fidelia Nebechi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The deviation between an economy's estimated potential output and its actual level of output is known as the output gap. The goal of assessing the output gap is to determine the scope or limit for long-term non-inflationary growth and to assess policymakers' opinions on macroeconomic policies. Using the state-space model and Kalman filtering, the study used seasonally adjusted quarterly and annual GDP data from Nigeria. In order to state the predictability of output, the paper extended the univariate model to a multivariate model. However, we used the univariate Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter as a baseline for comparing the output gap. The result shows that the gap size varies depending on the approach applied. As a result, the model shows that inflation outperforms unemployment as the quantitative measure of Nigeria's output gap. The results were satisfactory, and the univariate unobserved component utilizing the Kalman filter, surprisingly, yielded significant outcomes toward the output gap. The output gap estimation also reveals sensitivity due to the inclusion of unemployment in the quarterly data. This implies that policymakers should avoid depending on one approach of estimating output gap.
Impacts of land-use/land-cover changes on nutrient losses in agricultural catchment, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kuma Hailu Gisha , Feyessa Fekadu Fufa , Demissie Tamene Adugna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Assessing the impact of land-use/land-cover (LULC) change and nutrient loads on water systems is a key issue, where different water uses raise water-quality concerns. This study aimed to enumerate the extent of the LULC change from 1986 to 2018, its measurable impacts on nutrient losses and major pollution areas based on the SWAT in the Bilate catchment, southern Ethiopia. The sequential uncertainty fitting version two (SUFI-2) algorithm in SWAT-CUP was used in calibration and validation. Calibration and validation showed good agreement between observed and simulated values. Results showed that significant changes in nutrient loss occurred, following the direction of LULC changes between 1986–2002 and 2002–2018. The increase in agricultural land and built-up area accounted for 9.46% and 0.69% of the catchment area, respectively. The total phosphorus and nitrogen loads reached 2.52–1.27 kg/ha and 15.41–31.69 kg/ha between 1986–2002 and 2002–2018. Sub-basins 11, 14, 16, 17, 18 and 55 were the most important areas with nutrient pollution sources identified. The nutrient loads reduce water quality and fish productivity in Lake Abaya. The results of this study improved the understanding of nutrient loading from LULC changes and provided the required knowledge on integrating LULC and water-quality management.
Study on aeration performance of different types of piano key weir
Authors: Singh Deepak , Kumar Munendra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aeration is the process of increasing the dissolved oxygen (DO) content of water, which is an important water quality parameter for the survival of aquatic life. In this process, large amounts of air bubbles develop; as a result, contact surface area increases, and hence the water-air-mass transfer accelerates. There are numerous methods for increasing DO concentration in water, including self-aeration, mechanical aeration, chemical aeration, and hydraulic structures. The hydraulic structures are an economical and efficient way of enhancing stream/river water aeration. Even though the water only comes into contact with the structure for a short while, it increases the amount of DO in a river system. In this study, an experimental investigation has been carried out to determine the aeration performance of different types of piano key weir (PKW). To this end, three different types (type-A, type-B, and type-C) of PKW laboratory-scaled models were tested. The results demonstrated that the type-A PKW created maximum oxygen transfer efficiency of the three PKW types. In addition, the results show that the aeration efficiency of all PKW models increases with drop height but decreases with increasing discharge over the weirs.
Optimization of Chitosan-wrapped Linagliptin Nanosuspension for Cognitive
Enhancement Through Intranasal Route
Authors: Joshi Deepika , Bhavna  
Published: March 2022

Objective:
This study aimed to design and statistically optimize the potential of intranasallydelivered
chitosan-wrapped linagliptin nanosuspension as an alternative approach for brain targeting for
enhancing cognitive behaviour, increasing its solubility/permeability characteristics, and reducing the side
effects.

Method:
Linagliptin nanosuspensions were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method. We investigated
the effects of independent variables, i.e., linagliptin concentration (D) and chitosan concentration (P), on
the dependent factors like % drug loading (R1), % entrapment efficiency (R2), and % drug release (R3)
via a central composite design. Furthermore, the optimized formulation was evaluated for surface morphology/
size, ex-vivo permeation study, in-vitro release study, and stability study.

Results:
The optimized formulation was further evaluated by different evaluation parameters such as
FESEM and TEM study of the optimized formulation (LS 1) showed spherical morphology. Mean particle
size (250.7 nm), charge (-16.3 mV), % entrapment efficiency (95.8 ± 1.45 %), and % drug loading
(35.78 ± 0.19 %) were determined. Saturation solubility (0.987 mg/ml), in vitro dissolution rate (89.65 ±
0.82 %), and ex vivo permeation (82.23 ± 1.25 %) of LS 1 were higher than pure linagliptin.

Conclusions:
Response surface methodology was applied successfully to obtain LS 1 as an optimized
formulation with enhanced solubility and dissolution characteristics at minimized dose, alleviating side
effects and with improvised cognitive effects. Thus, an efficient intranasal delivery platform of linagliptin
based on nanosuspension was designed for bypassing the BBB and delivering therapeutics directly to the
brain. This can be a futuristic approach for enhancing cognitive effects by linagliptin nanosuspension via
the intranasal route.
Frequency of Ipsilateral Axillary Lymphadenopathy After the Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Turan Aynur , Kaplanoğlu Hatice , Kaplanoğlu Veysel 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
During COVID-19 vaccine development studies, vaccines' efficacy and safety
profiles should be carefully investigated. Only a few studies have shown that the COVID-19 vaccine
can cause axillary lymphadenopathy on the injection arm. This study aimed to investigate the incidence
of axillary lymphadenopathy and imaging findings using B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography (US)
examinations in volunteers who had recently been vaccinated against COVID-19.

Methods:
The ipsilateral and contralateral axillae of 101 volunteers who received the COVID-19 vaccine
were evaluated using B-mode and Doppler US examinations. The volunteers were asked when
and to which arm the vaccine had been applied, and the type and dose of the vaccine were recorded. It
was also questioned whether the individual experienced any side effects after vaccination, such as pain,
tenderness, fever, and redness at the injection site. In addition, the demographic data of the participants,
such as age and gender, were recorded.

Results:
The B-mode US examinations revealed that the long- and short-axis diameters, size, cortical
thickness, and asymmetric cortical thickening of the left axillary lymph nodes were significantly higher
compared to the right side in individuals having received the CoronaVac vaccine (p<0.05). When the
individuals were evaluated separately according to gender, the frequency of cortical thickness and
asymmetric cortical thickening in the left axillary lymph nodes was higher than on the right side in
both males and females (p=0.011).

Conclusion:
It should be kept in mind that ipsilateral reactive lymphadenopathy may develop after the
COVID-19 vaccine. This knowledge can prevent unnecessary axillary lymph node biopsies.