bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
<xhtml:span xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to&#160;<em>Candida parapsilosis</em>- a rare case report
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Authors: Sharma Shivang , Samantaray Subhashree , Kumar Deepak , Meena Durga Shankar , Chaudhary Rahul , Jain Vidhi , Bohra Gopal Krishana , Garg Mahendra Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Fungal endocarditis is a rare and fatal condition , most frequently caused by the Candida and Aspergillus species. Fever and changing heart murmur are the most common clinical manifestations. The diagnosis of fungal endocarditis is challenging, especially that of prosthetic valve endocarditis is extremely difficult. The optimal management of the condition still remains debatable. We hereby present a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Candida parapsilosis , managed empirically with liposomal amphotericin B and later on was shifted to combination therapy with high dose echinocandin and fluconazole, but had a fatal outcome because he could not undergo timely surgical intervention. Treating Candida parapsilosis endocarditis cases are difficult because of their ability of biofilm production on native and prosthetic heart valves. A combined approach consisting of high index of clinical suspicion, early diagnosis by using serological markers followed by culture or PCR and prompt initiation of appropriate antifungals may aid in improving the outcome.
Multidimensional plasticity jointly contributes to rapid acclimation to environmental challenges during biological invasions
Authors: Huang Xuena , Li Hanxi , Shenkar Noa , Zhan Aibin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRapid plastic response to environmental changes, which involves extremely complex underlying mechanisms, is crucial for organismal survival during many ecological and evolutionary processes such as those in global change and biological invasions. Gene expression is among the most studied molecular plasticity, while co- or post-transcriptional mechanisms are still largely unexplored. Using a model invasive ascidian Ciona savignyi, we studied multidimensional short-term plasticity in response to hyper- and hypo-salinity stresses, covering the physiological adjustment, gene expression, alternative splicing (AS), and alternative polyadenylation (APA) regulations. Our results demonstrated that rapid plastic response varied with environmental context, timescales, and molecular regulatory levels. Gene expression, AS, and APA regulations independently acted on different gene sets and corresponding biological functions, highlighting their non-redundant roles in rapid environmental adaptation. Stress-induced gene expression changes illustrated the use of a strategy of accumulating free amino acid under high salinity and losing/reducing them during low salinity to maintain the osmotic homoeostasis. Genes with more exons were inclined to use AS regulations, and isoform switches in functional genes such as SLC2a5 and Cyb5r3 resulted in enhanced transporting activities by upregulating the isoforms with more transmembrane regions. The extensive 3’-untranslated region (3’UTR) shortening through APA was induced by both salinity stresses, and APA regulation predominated transcriptomic changes at some stages of stress response. The findings here provide evidence for complex plastic mechanisms to environmental changes, and thereby highlight the importance of systemically integrating different levels of regulation mechanisms in studying initial plasticity in evolutionary trajectories.
Comparative analysis of genome-scale, base-resolution DNA methylation profiles across 580 animal species
Authors: Klughammer Johanna , Romanovskaia Daria , Nemc Amelie , Posautz Annika , Seid Charlotte , Schuster Linda C. , Keinath Melissa C. , Lugo Ramos Juan Sebastian , Kosack Lindsay , Evankow Annie , Prinz Dieter , Kirchberger Stefanie , Ergüner Bekir , Datlinger Paul , Fortelny Nikolaus , Schmidl Christian , Farlik Matthias , Skjærven Kaja , Bergthaler Andreas , Liedvogel Miriam , Thaller Denise , Burger Pamela A. , Hermann Marcela , Distel Martin , Distel Daniel L. , Kübber-Heiss Anna , Bock Christoph 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMethylation of cytosines is the prototypic epigenetic modification of the DNA. It has been implicated in various regulatory mechanisms throughout the animal kingdom and particularly in vertebrates. We mapped DNA methylation in 580 animal species (535 vertebrates, 45 invertebrates), resulting in 2443 genome-scale, base-resolution DNA methylation profiles of primary tissue samples from various organs. Reference-genome independent analysis of this comprehensive dataset quantified the association of DNA methylation with the underlying genomic DNA sequence throughout vertebrate evolution. We observed a broadly conserved link with two major transitions – once in the first vertebrates and again with the emergence of reptiles. Cross-species comparisons focusing on individual organs supported a deeply conserved association of DNA methylation with tissue type, and cross-mapping analysis of DNA methylation at gene promoters revealed evolutionary changes for orthologous genes with conserved DNA methylation patterns. In summary, this study establishes a large resource of vertebrate and invertebrate DNA methylomes, it showcases the power of reference-free epigenome analysis in species for which no reference genomes are available, and it contributes an epigenetic perspective to the study of vertebrate evolution.
A peculiar evolutionary feature of monkeypox virus
Authors: Dai Yicong , Teng Xucong , Hu Difei , Zhang Qiushuang , Li Jinghong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFrom 1 Jan 2022 to 15 June 2022, more than 2,100 cases of monkeypox have been reported in 42 countries. This unusual outbreak of monkeypox has raised new concerns in academia and the public. To keep abreast of the trend of the monkeypox epidemic, it is extremely urgent and important to surveille the accumulated genomic mutations and the change of the transmission ability of the pathogen, monkeypox virus (MPXV). We report a non-canonical RNA secondary structure, G-quadruplex (RG4), that surprisingly evolved stepwise with various variants. The RG4 motif is located in the coding sequence region of MPXV C9L gene that is functional in inhibiting host innate immune response. The evolution decreases the stability of this RG4 and promotes C9L protein level in living cells. Importantly, all the reported MPXV genomes in 2022 contain the most unstable RG4 variant, which may be the reason of the increasing spread of MPXV. These findings recommend that health authorities and researchers pay attention to the genomic evolution of MPXV.
A non-lemniscal thalamic interface connecting alerting sensory cues to internal states in mice
Authors: Wang Yiwei , You Ling , Tan KaMun , Li Meijie , Zou Jingshan , Hu Wenxin , Li Tianyu , Yuan Ruizhi , Xie Fenghua , Xin Fengyuan , Liu Miaomiao , Gao Yixiao , Shang Congping , You Zhiwei , Gao Xiaorong , Xiong Wei , Cao Peng , Luo Minmin , Chen Feng , Hong Bo , Yuan Kexin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlterations in internal states, such as elevated arousal level and increased anxiety or fear, triggered by alerting environmental cues are required for behavioral state transitions promoting survival. However, the specific brain region that plays an interfacing role between alerting stimuli and internal states remains to be identified. Here, we report that the medial sector of the auditory thalamus (ATm), which consists of a group of non-lemniscal thalamic nuclei, can fulfill this function. VGluT2-expressing ATm (ATmVGluT2+) neurons receive direct and strong inputs from both visual and auditory midbrain regions, and project to multiple downstream structures critically involved in brain state regulation. Their activity was correlated with, and indispensable for, both blue light- and sound-induced NREM sleep-to-Wake transition, and their arousing effects were mainly mediated by, but not limited to, the temporal association cortices. ATmVGluT2+ neuron activation in awake behaving mice induced pupil dilation and behavioral responses suggestive of anxiety. Blocking the neurotransmitter release of ATmVGluT2+ neurons receiving auditory inputs selectively abolished loud noise-triggered escape behavior but not locomotion. Thus, the ATm is an interface in mouse brain that can transform alerting environmental cues into internal arousal and emotional state alterations that promote survival.
Formation of the clamped state by Scc2 and DNA overcomes the constraints imposed by zipping-up of the SMC coiled coils on cohesin’s ATPase
Authors: Voulgaris Menelaos , Nasmyth Kim A , Srinivasan Madhusudhan 
Published: June 2022

SummaryIn addition to mediating sister chromatid cohesion, cohesin, by virtue of Loop Extrusion (LE), organises the spatial arrangement of interphase DNA. The latter activity relies on DNA and Scc2 dependent ATP hydrolysis by cohesin. How the impetus from the ATPase cycle translates into reeling of DNA loops into the SMC kleisin rings is still unclear. The SMC coiled coils show several striking structural features like folding and zipping-up, if and how these structural states affect cohesin’s activity is still unclear. We show here that cohesin’s loop extruding motor contains an internal constraint that regulates its ATPase activity, zipping-up of the coiled coils impedes ATP hydrolysis by cohesin. We show that integrity of a region where the coiled coils emerge for the SMC hinge domains, SMC ‘wrist’, is critical for the zipping up of the coiled coils and the resulting inhibition of cohesin’s ATPase. Clamping of DNA by Scc2 onto the engaged SMC heads in the presence of ATP leads to unzipping of the coiled coils and permits ATP hydrolysis. Strikingly, irreversible folding of the coiled coils at the elbow region does not lead to any measurable change to the ATPase activity suggesting that recurrent cycles of folding and unfolding of the coiled coils is not necessary for driving continuous ATP hydrolysis by cohesin.
Location-Specific Facilitation in Primate Auditory Cortex
Authors: Chen Chenggang , Xu Sheng , Wang Yunyan , Wang Xiaoqin 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYNeural responses to sensory stimuli are markedly influenced by the context in which a stimulus is preceded or embedded. Cortical and subcortical neurons typically exhibit adaptation to repetitive auditory, visual, somatosensory, and olfactory stimulation. Here, we investigated single neuron responses to sequences of sounds either repeatedly delivered from a single spatial location or randomly delivered from multiple spatial locations in the auditory cortex of awake marmosets. Instead of inducing adaptation, repetitive stimulation from a target speaker evoked long-lasting, location-specific facilitation (LSF) in many neurons, irrespective of the visibility of the target speaker. The extent of LSF decreased with decreasing presentation probability of the target speaker. Intracellular recordings showed that repetitive sound stimulation evoked sustained membrane potential depolarization which gave rise to firing rate facilitation. Computational models suggest two distinct neural mechanisms underlying LSF. Our findings revealed a novel form of contextual modulation in the auditory cortex that may play a role in auditory streaming and predictive coding.
Hepatitis Viruses affect the expression of Endogenous Retrovirus and Tumor Microenvironment in HCC
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wan Xiaoyang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer with high mortality rates.Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) world-wide. The molecular mechanisms of viral hepatocarcinogenesis are still partially understood. The immune response plays an important role in the progression of HCC. Immunotherapies are becoming an increasingly promising tool for treating cancers. Advancements in scRNA-seq (single-cell RNA sequencing) have allowed us to identify new subsets in the immune microenvironment of HCC. Yet, distribution of these new cell types and their potential prognostic value in bulk samples from large cohorts remained unclear. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to delineate the immune landscape and tumor heterogeneity in a cohort of patients with hepatitis viruses(HBV,HCV,HDV) associated human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).We also re-analyze the bulk RNA-seq data for the cohort to include the expression values of human Endogenous Retrovirus (hERV). And found correlations with hepatitis viruses status.
Behavioural conflict on employee wellbeing: role of negative affect state and workplace fun
Authors: Kuriakose Vijay , S Sreejesh 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe study attempts to understand the relationship between behavioural conflict and employee well-being and examines the intervening role of the negative affect state. Besides this, the study also analyses the moderating role of workplace fun.Design/methodology/approachFollowing affective events theory, the authors developed the conceptual model and postulated the study hypotheses. A questionnaire-based survey was used to collect data from frontline employees of selected hotels in India. Further, the authors tested the hypotheses following the process approach (Hayes, 2013, 2018).FindingsThe study findings reported that behavioural conflict has a negative relationship with employee well-being, and the negative affect state mediates the relationship between behavioural conflict and employee well-being. The results also established the moderating role of workplace fun in this relationship.Research limitations/implicationsThe study's findings extend the current understanding of the effect of behavioural conflict on employee well-being and explain how it influences employee well-being. The study also provides guidelines to manage the detrimental effect of behavioural conflict.Originality/valueThe study established the association between behavioural conflict and employee well-being and highlighted the process through and condition under which behavioural conflict influences employee well-being. This could be the first study examining the relationship between behavioural conflict and employee well-being.
On the causes of positive inventory discrepancies in retail stores
Authors: Best Julian , Glock Christoph H. , Grosse Eric H. , Rekik Yacine , Syntetos Aris 
Published: June 2022

PurposeEnsuring high on-shelf availability at low inventory costs remains an important challenge in retailing. Inaccurate inventory records, i.e. discrepancies between the stock records displayed in the inventory system and the stock quantity actually found in the retail store, have been identified as one of the most important drivers of retail stockouts in the past. The purpose of this work is to investigate the causes of positive inventory discrepancies in retailing, i.e. where there is more inventory on-hand than identified by the inventory system.Design/methodology/approachBased on input from retailers, the authors develop a simulation model of a retail store that considers various error-prone processes and study in a full factorial test design how the different operational errors may drive inventory discrepancies, paying special attention to the sources of positive inventory record inaccuracies.FindingsThis makes it possible to gain insights into the process parameters retailers need to adjust to avoid inventory records becoming inaccurate. In addition, the authors analyze how positive inventory discrepancies relate to stockouts to further our understanding of the role so-called phantom products may play in a retailing context.Originality/valueWhile negative inventory discrepancies (where the stock that is available in the store is less than what the system displays) and their sources (theft, shrinkage, etc.) have been discussed quite frequently in the literature, the causes of positive inventory discrepancies (where the available inventory exceeds the system inventory) have received much less attention.
How can insolvency in tourism be predicted? The case of local accommodation
Authors: Correia Cláudia , Costa Rui Augusto , Mota Jorge , Breda Zélia 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
The specific typology of local accommodation in Portugal has undergone a huge expansion accompanied by a proliferation in the number of firms and it is crucial that the firms associated with this boom can ensure their survival and remain in the market. The purpose of this paper is to specify an insolvency forecasting model and identify which financial indicators best contribute to forecasting insolvency in local accommodation firms.

Design/methodology/approach
At the methodological level, the financial data of firms in this sector were initially collected via the SABI database; then the probit model was estimated to perform the analysis of financial variables, with the aim of observing their behaviour and understanding which are crucial in predicting business insolvency.

Findings
Given the scarcity of studies in this specific typology of accommodation, the results of this paper are relevant and increase the knowledge for the sector. They also enable the identification of financial ratios that deserve greater attention from those responsible for firms in this sector, namely, profitability and liquidity ratios. In short, profitability ratios vary inversely with the probability of insolvency, so that firms with higher levels of net profitability, asset rotation or accumulated profitability have a lower probability of insolvency, with the opposite being true in terms of liquidity, where firms with higher current assets are more likely to become insolvent.

Originality/value
The novelty of this paper is focused on the urgent need for tourism accommodation stakeholders to prevent or anticipate insolvency and identify which financial indicators best contribute to forecasting insolvency. This research is fundamental, as many cities are considered major tourist destinations and where a high number of tourism businesses are concentrated.
Reducing recidivism and encouraging desistance: a social entrepreneurial approach
Authors: Wright Robert E. 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThis paper, which is both case study and conceptual in nature, presents a relative cost-benefit model to explain why people engage in criminal activity. It then uses the model to motivate a discussion of the major policy approaches to recidivism reduction and desistance, or decreasing the frequency and severity of criminal activity, a more nuanced measure of harm reduction than the binary concept of recidivism typically used to evaluate program success. Several private programs have successfully reduced recidivism and improved measures of desistance but remain applicable only to those who self-select into them. Changed policies and incentives, however, could stimulate social entrepreneurs to search for programs applicable to additional segments of the prison population.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes case studies informed by economic theories of crime and incentive alignment. Most approaches to recidivism reduction/desistance have failed, but several programs, including the DOE Fund and PEP, have proven extremely effective: the first by employing former convicts in starter jobs and the latter by teaching inmates about entrepreneurship and general business skills and mentoring them after release.FindingsSuccessful cases cannot simply be scaled up because inmates self-select into the programs. Instead, policymakers should encourage further competition and innovation in the field by paying NGOs each week they manage to keep the formerly imprisoned persons in their charge alive and out of the criminal justice system.Research limitations/implicationsCase study and theoretical. Not yet tried in the real world.Practical implicationsLower recidivism, more desistance for the same budget.Social implicationsHumans will be better treated than currently.Originality/valueInstead of offering a specific recidivism reduction panacea, this paper suggests that incentive alignment and competition for funding will encourage nonprofit NGOs to discover which programs work best for different types of inmates.
Investigating consumers' brand desirability of “upcycled” luxury: the many faces of designer facemasks
Authors: Phau Ian , Akintimehin Olamide , Lee Sean 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of terminal and instrumental values on the attitude and brand desirability for upcycled luxury designer facemasks, in relation with generic luxury designer facemasks.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative approach was adopted in this study, and data were collected via an online consumer panel from 390 existing Australian luxury consumers, aged 18 and above. Stimuli that represented the two upcycling conditions (remnants and past collections) and a control condition (generic product) from an actual Burberry-branded facemask were designed for the study. The collected data were analysed using the least partial square and multi-group analysis of the structural equation modelFindingsThe findings indicate that consumers do not perceive Burberry facemasks made from upcycled remnant materials and previous collections have superior aesthetic or self-expressive benefits to them when compared to the generic Burberry masks. In the same vein, both upcycled categories do not provide superior instrumental values through economic benefits or safety when compared to the generic Burberry masks. Hence, terminal and instrumental values had no influence on the attitude and brand desirability for upcycled luxury designer facemasks, in relation with generic luxury designer facemasks.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that strategies will have to be better designed to have a balance between safety features (as opposed to fashion) and luxury desirability of the brand to better capture the market for difference consumer values for the facemasks. As this is a relatively low involvement product, the pricing strategies must be re-evaluated.Originality/valueThis study offers empirical support for the proposition that different upcycling methods in the name of sustainable practices may have different functions for different consumer values in luxury marketing implementations. For the choice of facemasks during the COVID-19 pandemic, it provides empirical evidence for consumer choice for the different types and how it can be used to elevate luxury brand desirability.