bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Involvement of the European Master in Disaster Medicine (EMDM) Alumni in the COVID-19 Pandemic Response: An Example of the Perceived Relevance of Disaster Medicine Education during Disasters
Authors: Bahattab Awsan A.S. , Linty Monica , Hubloue Ives , Debacker Michel , Della Corte Francesco , Ragazzoni Luca 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroduction:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed a gap in disaster preparedness of health workers globally. Disaster medicine education is a key element to fill this gap.Objectives:This study evaluated the involvement of the European Master in Disaster Medicine (EMDM) Alumni in the current COVID-19 pandemic response and their self-perceived value of the EMDM educational program in accomplishing their tasks during the disaster.Methods:An online survey targeting the EMDM Alumni was conducted from January through March 2021. Quantitative data were described using percentages or means, as appropriate, while qualitative data were categorized using deductive thematic analysis.Results:In total, 259 Alumni completed the survey. Most of the Alumni (88.03%; standard error of the proportion [SEp] = 0.02) participated directly in the COVID-19 pandemic response – nationally or internationally – with different roles and responsibilities at different levels and sectors. Around 25% of the Alumni reported an increase in their tasks and responsibilities due to COVID-19 response, but few worked beyond their main specialization (5.26%) or expertise (2.19%). Moreover, Alumni shifted their role from clinical practice to managerial, public health, education and training, and policymaking roles during COVID-19 (P <.001). Participants believed that the EMDM study program and the competencies acquired during the course were relevant and useful to perform their tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic response (mean = 5.26; 5.17 standard error of the mean [SEM] = 0.108, 0.107), respectively. Around 36% (SEp = 0.03) of the participants deemed that some contents were not sufficient for COVID-19 response.Conclusion:Most of the EMDM Alumni were involved in the COVID-19 pandemic response, playing diverse roles with an increased level of responsibility compared to those played before the pandemic. Moreover, the Alumni perceived the EMDM curriculum as relevant for accomplishing their tasks. However, they also reported gaps within the curriculum, especially topics related to outbreak and pandemic response. The findings of the study stress the value of investing in disaster medicine education world-wide and of pushing to update and standardize post-graduate disaster medicine curricula.
Mars Science Laboratory CheMin Data From the Glen Torridon Region and the Significance of Lake‐Groundwater Interactions in Interpreting Mineralogy and Sedimentary History
Authors: Thorpe Michael T. , Bristow Thomas F. , Rampe Elizabeth B. , Tosca Nicholas J. , Grotzinger J. P. , Bennett K. A. , Achilles C. N. , Blake D. F. , Chipera S. J. , Downs G. , Downs R. T. , Morrison S. M. , Tu V. , Castle N. , Craig P. , Marais D. J. Des , Hazen R. M. , Ming D. W. , Morris R. V. , Treiman A. H. , Vaniman D. T. , Yen A. S. , Vasavada A. R. , Dehouck E. , Bridges J. C. , Berger J. , McAdam A. , Peretyazhko T. , Siebach K. L. , Bryk A. B. , Fox V. K. , Fedo C. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Glen Torridon (GT) region in Gale crater, Mars is a region with strong clay mineral signatures inferred from orbital spectroscopy. The CheMin X‐ray diffraction (XRD) instrument onboard the Mars Science Laboratory rover, Curiosity, measured some of the highest clay mineral abundances to date within GT, complementing the orbital detections. GT may also be unique because in the XRD patterns of some samples, CheMin identified new phases, including: (a) Fe‐carbonates, and (b) a phase with a novel peak at 9.2 Å. Fe‐carbonates have been previously suggested from other instruments onboard, but this is the first definitive reporting by CheMin of Fe‐carbonate. This new phase with a 9.2 Å reflection has never been observed in Gale crater and may be a new mineral for Mars, but discrete identification still remains enigmatic because no single phase on Earth is able to account for all of the GT mineralogical, geochemical, and sedimentological constraints. Here, we modeled XRD profiles and propose an interstratified clay mineral, specifically greenalite‐minnesotaite, as a reasonable candidate. The coexistence of Fe‐carbonate and Fe‐rich clay minerals in the GT samples supports a conceptual model of a lacustrine groundwater mixing environment. Groundwater interaction with percolating lake waters in the sediments is common in terrestrial lacustrine settings, and the diffusion of two distinct water bodies within the subsurface can create a geochemical gradient and unique mineral front in the sediments. Ultimately, the proximity to this mixing zone may have controlled the secondary minerals preserved in sedimentary rocks exposed in GT.
Characterization of Liquid‐Vapor Interfaces in Pores During Evaporation
Authors: Dong Yi , Wang Lun , Wei Changfu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe evolution of the liquid‐vapor interface plays a key role in multiphase flow, heat and mass transfer, and fluid phase change in porous media. In the soil water evaporation process, the vaporization occurs only on the liquid‐vapor interfaces rather than the apparent soil surface. Yet, the interfaces evolve with high distortion and great complexity along the drying path. Hence the microscale characteristics of interfaces especially geometrical and topological features in soil water evaporation are barely investigated. In this work, we scanned glass bead samples using X‐ray micro tomography and scrutinized the development of liquid‐vapor interfaces with different degrees of saturation. The liquid‐vapor interfaces are identified by morphological operations and extracted using the watershed segmentation technique. The liquid phase disperses into individual ganglia and distributes wildly in the pores as the saturation decreases, leading to low specific interface areas at saturated and dry state but a maximum value at a threshold saturation around 30%. The topological analysis reveals that the liquid and vapor phases present complementary connectivity behaviors quantified by normalized Euler characteristic numbers. The local mean curvature distribution of each typical individual interface cluster quantitatively describes the intricate progression of interface geometry and morphology along with drying. The overall mean curvature evolution of the sample separates the negative curvature component and confirms the capillary pressure increase during the pore water evaporation. The interfacial area and curvature analysis provide a cornerstone to determine the authentic interfacial evaporation rate for the soil under drying.
Aircraft Observations of Turbulence in Cloudy and Cloud‐Free Boundary Layers Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean From ACTIVATE and Implications for the Earth System Model Evaluation and Development
Authors: Brunke Michael A. , Cutler Lauren , Urzua Rodrigo Delgado , Corral Andrea F. , Crosbie Ewan , Hair Johnathan , Hostetler Chris , Kirschler Simon , Larson Vincent , Li Xiang‐Yu , Ma Po‐Lun , Minke Annalisa , Moore Richard , Robinson Claire E. , Scarino Amy Jo , Schlosser Joseph , Shook Michael , Sorooshian Armin , Lee Thornhill Kenneth , Voigt Christiane , Wan Hui , Wang Hailong , Winstead Edward , Zeng Xubin , Zhang Shixuan , Ziemba Luke D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study examines boundary layer turbulence derived from high temporal resolution meteorological measurements from 40 research flights over the western North Atlantic Ocean during the 2020 deployments of ACTIVATE. Frequency distributions of various turbulent quantities reveal stronger turbulence during the winter deployment than in summer and for cloud‐topped than in cloud‐free boundary layers during the summer deployment. Maximum turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) is most often within cloud from observations in winter and summer, whereas it is mostly below cloud in both seasons by a global model turbulence parameterization. Bivariate frequency distributions are consistent with the bivariate Gaussian probability distribution functions assumed for the closure of higher‐order turbulence/shallow convection parameterizations used by some global models. Turbulence simulated by the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 and the Energy Exascale Earth System Model Atmosphere Model version 2 using such parameterizations is not as strong as observed, with more TKE going into vertical wind perturbations rather than into zonal wind perturbations as observed, suggesting that the treatment of turbulence in Earth system models still needs to be further improved.
Perceived weight-related stigma, loneliness, and mental wellbeing during COVID-19 in people with obesity: A cross-sectional study from ten European countries
Authors: Jones Rebecca A. , Christiansen Paul , Maloney Niamh G. , Duckworth Jay J. , Hugh-Jones Siobhan , Ahern Amy L. , Richards Rebecca , Brown Adrian , Flint Stuart W. , Robinson Eric , Bryant Sheree , Halford Jason C. G. , Hardman Charlotte A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreased weight-related stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the need to minimise the impacts on mental wellbeing. We investigated the relationship between the perceived changes in the representation of obesity in the media and mental wellbeing during the pandemic in a sample of people with obesity across 10 European countries. We also investigated the potential moderating effect of loneliness.MethodsBetween September to December 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, participants reported data on demographics, mental wellbeing (measured by World Health Organisation Five Wellbeing Index and Patient Health Questionaire-4), loneliness (measured by De Jong Gierveld short scale), and perceived change in the representation of obesity in media (measured by a study-specific question) using the online, cross-sectional EURopean Obesity PatiEnt pANdemic Survey (EUROPEANS). Data were analysed using linear mixed-effects models, controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and shielding status, with random incept for country.ResultsThe survey was completed by 2882 respondents. Most identified as female (56%) and reported their ethnicity as White or White-mix (92%). The total sample had a mean age of 41 years and a BMI of 35.4 kg/m2. During the peak of the pandemic, compared to pre-pandemic, perceiving more negative representation of people with obesity on social media was associated with worse psychological distress, depression, and wellbeing. Perceiving more positive representation, compared to no change in representation, of people with obesity on television was associated with greater wellbeing, yet also higher psychological distress and anxiety. Loneliness, as a moderator, explained ≤0.3% of the variance in outcomes in any of the models.ConclusionsPerceiving negative representation of obesity on social media was associated with poorer mental wellbeing outcomes during the pandemic; positive representation on television was associated with both positive and negative mental wellbeing outcomes. We encourage greater media accountability when representing people with obesity.
Hypoxia promotes an inflammatory phenotype of fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Mello Ashley M. , Ngodup Tenzin , Lee Yusoo , Donahue Katelyn L. , Li Jinju , Rao Arvind , Carpenter Eileen S. , Crawford Howard C. , Pasca di Magliano Marina , Lee Kyoung Eun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by an extensive fibroinflammatory stroma and often experiences conditions of insufficient oxygen availability or hypoxia. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a predominant and heterogeneous population of stromal cells within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Here, we uncover a previously unrecognized role for hypoxia in driving an inflammatory phenotype in PDAC CAFs. We identify hypoxia as a strong inducer of tumor IL1ɑ expression, which is required for inflammatory CAF (iCAF) formation. Notably, iCAFs preferentially reside in hypoxic regions of PDAC. Our data implicate hypoxia as a critical regulator of CAF heterogeneity in PDAC.
STING mediates nuclear PD-L1 targeting-induced senescence in cancer cells
Authors: Lee Je-Jung , Kim So Young , Kim Songhee H. , Choi Seoyeon , Lee Bin , Shin Jeon-Soo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImmune checkpoint molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is overexpressed in cancer cells and imparts resistance to cancer therapy. Although membrane PD-L1 has been targeted for cancer immune therapy, nuclear PD-L1 was reported to confer cancer resistance. Therefore, it is important to regulate the nuclear PD-L1. The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 targeting have not been well-established. Cellular senescence has been considered a pivotal mechanism to prevent cancer progression, and recently, PD-L1 inhibition was shown to be involved in cancer cell senescence. However, the relevance of PD-L1 targeting-induced senescence and the role of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) has not been reported. Therefore, we aimed to identify the role of PD-L1 in cancer progression and how it regulates cancer prevention. In this study, we found that PD-L1 depletion-induced senescence via strong induction of STING expression in mouse melanoma B16-F10 and colon cancer CT26 cells, and in human melanoma A375 and lung cancer A549 cells. Interestingly, nuclear PD-L1 silencing increased STING promoter activity, implying that PD-L1 negatively regulates STING expression via transcriptional modulation. Furthermore, we showed that PD-L1 binds to the STING promoter region, indicating that PD-L1 directly controls STING expression to promote cancer growth. In addition, when we combined PD-L1 silencing with the senescence-inducing chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, the effect of PD-L1-targeting was even more powerful. Overall, our findings can contribute to the understanding of the role of PD-L1 in cancer therapy by elucidating a novel mechanism for PD-L1 targeting in cancer cells.
Feedbacks between sea-floor spreading, trade winds and precipitation in the Southern Red Sea
Authors: Stüwe Kurt , Robl Jörg , Turab Syed Ali , Sternai Pietro , Stuart Finlay M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFeedbacks between climatic and geological processes are highly controversial and testing them is a key challenge in Earth sciences. The Great Escarpment of the Arabian Red Sea margin has several features that make it a useful natural laboratory for studying the effect of surface processes on deep Earth. These include strong orographic rainfall, convex channel profiles versus concave swath profiles on the west side of the divide, morphological disequilibrium in fluvial channels, and systematic morphological changes from north to south that relate to depth changes of the central Red Sea. Here we show that these features are well interpreted with a cycle that initiated with the onset of spreading in the Red Sea and involves feedbacks between orographic precipitation, tectonic deformation, mid-ocean spreading and coastal magmatism. It appears that the feedback is enhanced by the moist easterly trade winds that initiated largely contemporaneously with sea floor spreading in the Red Sea.
Transcriptional profiling of matched patient biopsies clarifies molecular determinants of enzalutamide-induced lineage plasticity
Authors: Westbrook Thomas C. , Guan Xiangnan , Rodansky Eva , Flores Diana , Liu Chia Jen , Udager Aaron M. , Patel Radhika A. , Haffner Michael C. , Hu Ya-Mei , Sun Duanchen , Beer Tomasz M. , Foye Adam , Aggarwal Rahul , Quigley David A. , Youngren Jack F. , Ryan Charles J. , Gleave Martin , Wang Yuzhuo , Huang Jiaoti , Coleman Ilsa , Morrissey Colm , Nelson Peter S. , Evans Christopher P. , Lara Primo , Reiter Robert E. , Witte Owen , Rettig Matthew , Wong Christopher K. , Weinstein Alana S. , Uzunangelov Vlado , Stuart Josh M. , Thomas George V. , Feng Felix Y. , Small Eric J. , Yates Joel A. , Xia Zheng , Alumkal Joshi J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitor enzalutamide (enza) is one of the principal treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Several emergent enza clinical resistance mechanisms have been described, including lineage plasticity in which the tumors manifest reduced dependency on the AR. To improve our understanding of enza resistance, herein we analyze the transcriptomes of matched biopsies from men with metastatic CRPC obtained prior to treatment and at progression (n = 21). RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrates that enza does not induce marked, sustained changes in the tumor transcriptome in most patients. However, three patients’ progression biopsies show evidence of lineage plasticity. The transcription factor E2F1 and pathways linked to tumor stemness are highly activated in baseline biopsies from patients whose tumors undergo lineage plasticity. We find a gene signature enriched in these baseline biopsies that is strongly associated with poor survival in independent patient cohorts and with risk of castration-induced lineage plasticity in patient-derived xenograft models, suggesting that tumors harboring this gene expression program may be at particular risk for resistance mediated by lineage plasticity and poor outcomes.
Condensation droplet sieve
Authors: Ma Chen , Chen Li , Wang Lin , Tong Wei , Chu Chenlei , Yuan Zhiping , Lv Cunjing , Zheng Quanshui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLarge droplets emerging during dropwise condensation impair surface properties such as anti-fogging/frosting ability and heat transfer efficiency. How to spontaneously detach massive randomly distributed droplets with controlled sizes has remained a challenge. Herein, we present a solution called condensation droplet sieve, through fabricating microscale thin-walled lattice structures coated with a superhydrophobic layer. Growing droplets were observed to jump off this surface once becoming slightly larger than the lattices. The maximum radius and residual volume of droplets were strictly confined to 16 μm and 3.2 nl/mm2respectively. We reveal that this droplet radius cut off is attributed to the large tolerance of coalescence mismatch for jumping and effective isolation of droplets between neighboring lattices. Our work brings forth a strategy for the design and fabrication of high-performance anti-dew materials.
Sirtuin 6 inhibition protects against glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating IGF/PI3K/AKT signaling
Authors: Mishra Sneha , Cosentino Claudia , Tamta Ankit Kumar , Khan Danish , Srinivasan Shalini , Ravi Venkatraman , Abbotto Elena , Arathi Bangalore Prabhashankar , Kumar Shweta , Jain Aditi , Ramaian Anand S. , Kizkekra Shruti M. , Rajagopal Raksha , Rao Swathi , Krishna Swati , Asirvatham-Jeyaraj Ninitha , Haggerty Elizabeth R. , Silberman Dafne M. , Kurland Irwin J. , Veeranna Ravindra P. , Jayavelu Tamilselvan , Bruzzone Santina , Mostoslavsky Raul , Sundaresan Nagalingam R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChronic activation of stress hormones such as glucocorticoids leads to skeletal muscle wasting in mammals. However, the molecular events that mediate glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting are not well understood. Here, we show that SIRT6, a chromatin-associated deacetylase indirectly regulates glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting by modulating IGF/PI3K/AKT signaling. Our results show that SIRT6 levels are increased during glucocorticoid-induced reduction of myotube size and during skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. Notably, overexpression of SIRT6 spontaneously decreases the size of primary myotubes in a cell-autonomous manner. On the other hand, SIRT6 depletion increases the diameter of myotubes and protects them against glucocorticoid-induced reduction in myotube size, which is associated with enhanced protein synthesis and repression of atrogenes. In line with this, we find that muscle-specific SIRT6 deficient mice are resistant to glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting. Mechanistically, we find that SIRT6 deficiency hyperactivates IGF/PI3K/AKT signaling through c-Jun transcription factor-mediated increase in IGF2 expression. The increased activation, in turn, leads to nuclear exclusion and transcriptional repression of the FoxO transcription factor, a key activator of muscle atrophy. Further, we find that pharmacological inhibition of SIRT6 protects against glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting in mice by regulating IGF/PI3K/AKT signaling implicating the role of SIRT6 in glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy.
Phototunable chip-scale topological photonics: 160 Gbps waveguide and demultiplexer for THz 6G communication
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Gupta Manoj , Pitchappa Prakash , Wang Nan , Szriftgiser Pascal , Ducournau Guillaume , Singh Ranjan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe revolutionary 5G cellular systems represent a breakthrough in the communication network design to provide a single platform for enabling enhanced broadband communications, virtual reality, autonomous driving, and the internet of everything. However, the ongoing massive deployment of 5G networks has unveiled inherent limitations that have stimulated the demand for innovative technologies with a vision toward 6G communications. Terahertz (0.1-10 THz) technology has been identified as a critical enabler for 6G communications with the prospect of massive capacity and connectivity. Nonetheless, existing terahertz on-chip communication devices suffer from crosstalk, scattering losses, limited data speed, and insufficient tunability. Here, we demonstrate a new class of phototunable, on-chip topological terahertz devices consisting of a broadband single-channel 160 Gbit/s communication link and a silicon Valley Photonic Crystal based demultiplexer. The optically controllable demultiplexing of two different carriers modulated signals without crosstalk is enabled by the topological protection and a critically coupled high-quality (Q) cavity. As a proof of concept, we demultiplexed high spectral efficiency 40 Gbit/s signals and demonstrated real-time streaming of uncompressed high-definition (HD) video (1.5 Gbit/s) using the topological photonic chip. Phototunable silicon topological photonics will augment complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible terahertz technologies, vital for accelerating the development of futuristic 6G and 7G communication era driving the real-time terabits per second wireless connectivity for network sensing, holographic communication, and cognitive internet of everything.
Grain boundary structural transformation induced by co-segregation of aliovalent dopants
Authors: Futazuka Toshihiro , Ishikawa Ryo , Shibata Naoya , Ikuhara Yuichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImpurity doping is a conventional but one of the most effective ways to control the functional properties of materials. In insulating materials, the dopant solubility limit is considerably low in general, and the dopants often segregate to grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystals, which significantly alter their entire properties. However, detailed mechanisms on how dopant atoms form structures at GBs and change their properties remain a matter of conjecture. Here, we show GB structural transformation in α-Al2O3 induced by co-segregation of Ca and Si aliovalent dopants using atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with density functional theory calculations. To accommodate large-sized Ca ions at the GB core, the pristine GB atomic structure is transformed into a new GB structure with larger free volumes. Moreover, the Si and Ca dopants form a chemically ordered structure, and the charge compensation is achieved within the narrow GB core region rather than forming broader space charge layers. Our findings give an insight into GB engineering by utilizing aliovalent co-segregation.