bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ABC: A Novel Algorithm to Stratify Decompensation Risk in Patients With Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease: an International, Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Chuan , Li Jia , Wong Yu Jun , Xie Qing , Hirooka Masashi , Enomoto Hirayuki , Kim Tae Hyung , Hanafy Amr Shaaban , He Ruiling , Koizumi Yohei , Hiasa Yoichi , Nishimura Takashi , Iijima Hiroko , Jung Young Kul , Yim Hyung Joon , Ma Jianzhong , Zeng Qing-Lei Zeng , Sarin Shiv Kumar , Qi Xiaolong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Liver-related death is preceded by clinical decompensation; therefore, the risk stratification of decompensation in compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) is extraordinary significant.Methods: The international, multicenter study included three cohorts from January 2009 to August 2021. In training cohort, the unfavorable Baveno VI criteria patients were used to develop the novel CHESS criteria to stratify decompensation risk. The Algorithm based on Baveno VI criteria plus CHESS criteria (ABC model) was validated in validation cohort, and used to diagnose clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) in hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG)-performed cohort.Results: A total of 1377 cACLD patients were enrolled. In training cohort, multivariate analysis revealed that liver stiffness measurement (LSM), platelet count (PLT), albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and varices were the independent risk factors for hepatic decompensation. The novel CHESS criteria was produced, and <-4.4, -4.4 to -3.1 and >-3.1 indicated the low risk, medium risk, and high risk of decompensation, with a 3 year-time-dependent area under the curve (tAUC) of 0.851 (0.800-0.901). In validation cohort, the 3 year-tAUC of ABC model was 0.843 (0.742-0.943). Notably, in HVPG cohort, the high risk group was used to rule in CSPH with a positive predictive value of 0.930.Conclusion: The ABC model can stratify the risk of decompensation in cACLD. HVPG evaluation can be waived in both low risk and high risk cACLD patients as they can be managed by Baveno VI criteria and non-selective β-blockers intervention, respectively, and the remaining medium risk patients need further HVPG evaluation.
Mobilization of Lipids Underpins Honey Bee and Colony Health During Limited Supplementary Feeding
Authors: Castaños Clara , Boyce Mary , Millar Harvey , Lawler Nathan , Bates Tiffane , Grassl Julia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Honey bee nutritional health depends on nectar and pollen, which provide the main source of carbohydrate, protein, and lipids to individual bees. During malnutrition the insect metabolism accesses fat body reserves, this process however, is poorly understood, as well as its repercussions at a colony level. Using untargeted lipidomic analysis we examined the effects of different nutritional conditions during larval development followed by recovery and colony productivity. Nutritional stress led to an increase of unsaturation in triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols, as well as a decrease in free fatty acids. Suggesting the bees' metabolism triggers a process that makes lipid reserves rapidly accessible by changing their structure and allowing their mobilization. We also identified the specific lipid desaturase genes in honey bees that are induced in response to starvation. Even though nutritional stress was evident in starving and sugar-fed bees at a colony and physiological level, we found that only starved hives presented long-term effects as honey production.
CASC15 mediated upregulation of SERPINE1 by sponging miR-30c- 5p correlates with poor prognosis and immune infiltration of gastric cancer
Authors: Xie Jun , Liu Kai , Yan Feng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: As a major regulator of plasminogen activator system (PAs), SERPINE1(PAI-1) is associated with poor prognosis in a variety of cancers, but in Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), its mechanism of action is not so clear.Methods：Based on RNA Sequencing dataset and survival data for TCGA-STAD, this study screened out genes of significant difference between the gastric cancer group and the normal group using the R language limma package, and carried out a pan-cancer analysis on their expression in combination with the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database at the same time. Subsequently, the miRNA and lncRNA associated with high expression level of PAI-1 significantly were identified through the Starbase database in combination with a series of analyses on expression level, correlation and survival. The correlation of immune cell infiltration, biomarkers of immune cells and immune checkpoints between PAI-1 were investigated via TIMER and GEPIA database.Results：PAI-1 was up-regulated significantly in gastric cancer, and was a risk factor and could indicate the survival of STAD patients. According to analysis results, CASC15/hsa-miR-30c-5p/ PAI-1 axis may be the most potential regulatory network of PAI-1 related to survival in gastric cancer. And the expression level of PAI-1 in gastric cancer had a positive correlation with immune cell infiltration, biomarkers of immune cells and immune checkpoints obviously.Conclusion：Collectively, PAI-1 could accurately indicate prognosis, evaluate the tumor immune infiltration, probability participate in the regulation of gastric cancer through CASC15/miR-30c-5p/ PAI-1 axis, and PAI-1 might exert its oncogenic roles through increasing tumor immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression.
Identification of Necroptosis-related Subtypes, Construction of a Prognosis Model, and Characterization of Immune Infiltration in Colon Cancer.
Authors: Chen Jian-li , Qin Yu-ning , Yang Lei , Jia Xian-gen , Zhang Guo-zhi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Necroptosis is a type of programmed necrosis that is participating in the pathology of many diseases. However, the potential mechanisms of action and biological functions of necroptosis-related genes (NRGs) in tumor cells are poorly understood.Methods: We explored alterations in NRGs in 1147 colon cancer samples and assessed their expression from three separate public datasets. Based on the expression of 67 NRGs we divided the patients into two subtypes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with prognosis were then screened and the samples were divided into two new gene subtypes based on their expression. The NRG_score was constructed to predict overall survival (OS) and its accuracy in predicting the prognosis of colon cancer patients was tested. Therefore, in order to improve the clinical practice function of NRG_score, a highly accurate multi-factor nomogram was produced.Results: We observed that NRGs expression was associated with patient age, gender, grading, prognosis and immune cell infiltration characteristics. We identified 301 necroptosis subtype-related prognostic genes. In addition, we constructed the NRG_score that can accurately predict the prognosis of colon cancer patients.Conclusion: Our established NRG_score was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration, somatic cell mutation, cancer stem cell (CSC) index and sensitivity to drugs associated with colon cancer. These researches will contribute to our further understanding of NRGs in colon cancer. More importantly, it provides direction for evaluating the prognosis of colon cancer patients and for exploring more useful immunotherapy options.
Binary Space Partitioning Generates Hierarchical and Rectilinear Neutral Landscape Models Suitable for Human-Dominated Landscapes
Authors: Etherington Thomas , Morgan Fraser , O'Sullivan David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Context Neutral landscape models are useful and popular tools for exploring effects of spatial patterns on ecological processes. Most neutral landscape models mimic natural landscape patterns that often consist of curved, complex, and sometimes fractal shapes. However, human-dominated landscapes often have a spatial rectilinear pattern that is highly aligned and dominated by straight lines and right angles.
Objectives As existing rectilinear neutral landscape models lack controls over either the size, position, orientation, and shape of the rectilinear patches, or do not recognise the hierarchical structure of patch formation in human-dominated landscapes, our objective was to create a neutral landscape model capable of meeting these requirements.
Methods We present binary space partitioning as a method that generates hierarchical and rectilinear neutral landscape models. In doing so we explain how to control the size, position, orientation, and shape of the rectilinear patches, as well as generate a tree that records the hierarchical patch structure.
Results Binary space partitioning succeeds in providing a simple, repeatable, process to generate a range of neutral landscape models for human-dominated landscapes. A large variety of landscape patterns can be efficiently produced from only a very small number of parameters.
Conclusions Binary space partitioning based neutral landscape models would be useful in representing many human-dominated landscapes. Their implementation is straightforward and does not require any cognitive or computational requirements that would be beyond landscape ecologists.
Computational Algorithm and Tools of Fuzzy Arithmetic Based on the Principle of Maximum Entropy
Authors: Sveshnikov Sergey , Bocharnikov Victor 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The standard fuzzy arithmetic introduced by Zadeh is not always suitable for solving applied problems in various fields of science, technology and business. Even in the case of a small sequence of arithmetic operations (for example, when calculating forecast estimates of business profits), the support of the resulting fuzzy number becomes very large. It is difficult to make a decision about investing if the maximum and minimum of the expected profit differ several times. Therefore, the authors developed an algorithm which forms the result of an arithmetic operation as a subset of a fuzzy binary relation and which implements the principle of maximum entropy. This algorithm allows performing arithmetic operations on fuzzy numerical sets with an arbitrary form of the membership function. Compared to standard fuzzy arithmetic, the proposed algorithm provides a much smaller increase in the support of the resulting fuzzy number. We implemented the algorithm in an add-in for Microsoft Excel, which readers can download and use for applied calculations for free.
Numerical Investigation of a Squeezing Flow Between Concentric Cylinders Under the Variable Magnetic Field of Intensity
Authors: Khan Muhammad Sohail , Shabnam Shabnam 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The theme of the ongoing research is to examine the mass and heat transmission phenomena of squeezing flow between two concentric cylinders under the effect of heat sources and magnetic fields. The impacts of the Lorentz force on the behaviour of the liquid flow is elucidated via a magnetic field which is incorporated in the momentum equation. Moreover, the term Q = Q 0 1−βt has been used as a source/sink within concentric cylinders. The proposed model of PDEs formulates the physical phenomena of time-dependent incompressible two-dimensional squeezing flow via modified Navier-Stokes equation, energy equation and mass transfer equation and variable magnetic field. The proposed model involved a highly nonlinear system of PDEs which has been reduced into a system of ODEs via Lie group of similarity transformation and subsequently solved numerically in MATLAB by Parametric Continuation Method (PCM). The direct impact of the squeezing parameter on the profile of temperature and concentration have been observed. Furthermore, an increment in the heat source indicates a decrement in the liquid temperature profile, while an inverse relationship is observed for the concentration profile. In addition, the declining effect of Soret number on the concentration profile is noticed. Beside this, a direct impact of P r, Ω and Ec on the entropy generation has been noticed, while an opposite impact has been noticed at Bejan number. The numerical outcomes of the proposed model that explain the characteristics of fluid flow are quantitatively elucidated by tables, and displayed graphically.
Protective Ileostomy Increased the Incidence of Rectal Stenosis After Anterior Resection of Rectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Hui , Li Shanshan , Jin Xin , Wu Xian , Zhang Zhiyuan , Shen Lijun , Wan Juefeng , Wang Yan , Wang Yaqi , Yang Wang , Zhou Menglong , Zhang Jing , Lv Tao , Deng Yun , Xia Fan , Zhang Zhen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background. In most of the views, rectal stenosis results from pelvic radiotherapy. However, patients without receiving radiotherapy also suffer stenosis. In this study, we evaluated the factors associated with rectal stenosis after anterior rectal resection (ARR). Methods. We conducted a retrospective study with ARR patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and the patients without radiotherapy. Patients received watch and wait strategy with a clinical complete response after chemoradiotherapy were also included. Patients with colonoscopy follow-up were included for further analyses; 439 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; 545 patients who received ARR without radiotherapy and 33 patients who received watch and wait strategy. Stenosis was defined as cannot pass a 12-mm colonoscopy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with rectal stenosis. Results. According to the multivariate analysis in patients receiving ARR, both protective stoma and preoperative radiotherapy affected the occurrence of stenosis, with the odds ratios (ORs) of 3.375 and 2.251, respectively. According to the multivariate analysis, a preventive ileostomy was the only factor associated with stenosis both in patients receiving preoperative radiotherapy and without radiotherapy. Non-reversal ileostomy and long time between ileostomy and restoration increased the possibility of stenosis. In 33 patients who received watch and wait strategy, only one patient (3%) experienced stenosis. Conclusion. Both surgery and radiotherapy are risk factors for rectal stenosis in rectal cancer patients. Compared to preoperative radiotherapy, a protective ileostomy is a more critical factor associated with rectal stenosis.
Navigating Complexities Towards Sustainable Food Crops Production: Local Practices For Climate Change Adaptation In Rural Ghana
Authors: Dambeebo Daniel , Dakyaga Francis , Derbile Emmanuel K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Globally, food crops production has been challenged by the impacts of climate change. Climate change scholars have argued that rural dwellers, particularly smallholder farmers who engage in food crops production, suffer the most due to their low capacity to adapt. A growing body of knowledge also suggests that local practices serve as safeguards, that enable smallholder farmers to lessen their vulnerability in food crops productions. However, limited scholarly insight has been advanced about sustainable food production via the use of local practices. Through the mixed research approach, our study contributes to local practices and climate adaptation debates by examining the various local practices of smallholder farmers, the challenges they encounter with the use of such practices and the possibility for sustainable food crops production in the future. Our findings suggest that smallholders encounter multiple drawbacks in attempts to utilize local practices to adapt food crops production to climate change including the advent of modern farming inputs/practices. Even when multiple local practices (the planting of crops varieties, switching between crops and livestock rearing, reducing cultivatable land size) are utilized, only the increment in farm size, the use of income/remittances of rural-urban migrants to support food crops production, and early cultivation offered some possibilities of sustaining improvement in food crops production for the future. Therefore, we conclude that local practices are not necessarily panaceas for sustaining food crops production under climate change. We recommend further studies to pay attention to the sustainability of local practices under climate change.
CD90 Is Regulated by NOTCH1 and Hallmarks a More Aggressive Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Phenotype
Authors: Mancarella Serena , Serino Grazia , Gigante Isabella , Cigliano Antonio , Ribback Silvia , Sanese Paola , Grossi Valentina , Simone Cristiano , Armentano Raffaele , Evert Matthias , Calvisi Diego F. , Giannelli Gianluigi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background.
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is characterized by a strong stromal reaction playing a role in tumor progression. Thymus cell antigen 1 (THY1), also called Cluster of Differentiation 90 (CD90), is a key regulator of cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction. In iCCA, CD90 has been reported to be associated with a poor prognosis. In an iCCA PDX model, we recently found that CD90 was downregulated in mice treated with the Notch γ-secretase inhibitor Crenigacestat. The study aims to investigate the role of CD90 in relation to the NOTCH pathway.
Methods.
THY1/CD90 gene and protein expression was evaluated in human iCCA tissues and xenograft models by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Notch1 inhibition was achieved by siRNA. THY1/CD90 functions were investigated in xenograft models built with HuCCT1 and KKU-M213 cell lines, engineered to overexpress or knockdown THY1, respectively.
Results.
CD90 co-localized with EPCAM, showing its epithelial origin. In vitro, NOTCH1 silencing triggered HES1 and THY1 down-regulation. RBPJ, a critical transcriptional regulator of NOTCH signaling, exhibited putative binding sites on the THY1 promoter and bound to the latter, implying CD90 as a downstream NOTCH pathway effector. In vivo, Crenigacestat suppressed iCCA growth and reduced CD90 expression in the PDX model. In the xenograft model, Crenigacestat inhibited tumor growth of HuCCT1 cells transfected to overexpress CD90 and KKU-M213 cells constitutively expressing high levels of CD90, while not affecting the growth of HuCCT1 control cells and KKU-M213 depleted of CD90. In an iCCA cohort, patients with higher expression levels of NOTCH1/HES1/THY1 displayed a significantly shorter survival.
Conclusions.
iCCA patients with higher NOTCH1/HES1/THY1 expression have the worst prognosis, but they are more likely to benefit from Notch signaling inhibition. These findings represent the scientific rationale for testing NOTCH1 inhibitors in clinical trials, taking the first step toward precision medicine for iCCA.
The breeding effects and genetic mysteries of a milestone variety (Fengbazhan) of modern indica rice in China
Authors: lei Zhao , Shaochuan Zhou , Chongrong Wang , Hong Li , Daoqiang Huang , Zhidong Wang , Degui Zhou , Yibo Chen , Rong Gong , Yangyang Pan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Huanghuazhan and Huazhan are the most widely used indica conventional rice and restorer line in China, respectively. In fact, both of them are all derivatives of Fengbazhan (FBZ), and many other FBZ-derived varieties have been widely planted in China, accounting 22% of China’s rice paddy fields. Therefore, evaluating the breeding effects of FBZ and clarifying its genetic mysteries is an effective strategy to interpret the history of modern rice breeding. Here, we report FBZ could be regarded as a milestone for the renewal of China’s modern indica rice. By comparing the variant information of genes that underlie quantitative traits (QTGs), we identified 48 QTGs showing allelic differences among different types of varieties. Further research found that favorable genes were gradually optimized during the breeding of the FBZ-series varieties, while the selection and utilization of Hd1-Pi2-Pid3-Pid2 segment, directly contributed to the breeding of FBZ. Importantly, the application of favorable genes on chromosome 6 solves the problem of ‘high-quality but susceptible to rice blast’, enabling the FBZ-series varieties to achieve high and stable yield, good quality, and wide adaptability in production. We put forward thinking and insights from the perspectives of fertility restoration, defense and growth, germplasm resources, variety replacement and future breeding goals. Our study provides useful gene targets for molecular breeding, as well as a valuable reference for the development of breakthrough varieties.
Distribution of PACAP and PAC1 Receptor in the Human Eye
Authors: Patko Evelin , Szabo Edina , Toth Denes , Tornoczki Tamas , Bosnyak Inez , Vaczy Alexandra , Atlasz Tamas , Reglodi Dora 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with widespread distribution and diverse biological functions. Several studies show that PACAP has strong cytoprotective effects mediated mostly through its specific PAC1 receptor (PAC1-R) and it plays important roles in several pathological conditions. Its distribution and altered expression are known in various human tissues, but there is no descriptive data about PACAP and its receptors in the human eyebulb. Since the PACAP38 is the dominant form of the naturally occurring PACAP, our aim was to investigate the distribution of PACAP38-like immunoreactivity in the human eye and to describe the presence of PAC1-R. Semiquantitative evaluation was performed after routine histology and immunohistochemical labeling on human eye sections. Our results showed high level of immunopositivity in the corneal epithelium and endothelium. Within the vascular layer the iris and the ciliary body had strong immunopositivity for both PACAP and the PAC1-R. Several layers of the retina showed immunoreactivity for PACAP and PAC1-R, but the ganglion cell layer had a special pattern in the immunolabeling. Labeling was observed in the neuropil within the optic nerve in both cases and glial cells displayed immunoreactivity for PAC1-R. In summary, our study indicates the widespread occurrence of PACAP and its specific receptor in the human eye, implying that the results from in vitro and animal studies have translational value and most probably are also present in the human eye.
Magnetic confinement of electrons in carbon based materials
Authors: Wang Xuelin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A carbon-based topological material which shows anomalous Hall effect at room temperature was found in this study. The topological material with long-range ferromagnetic order was transformed into micro particles with single magnetic domain structure first. Then the micro particles were combined in a special manner to form a micro magnetic mirror, showing the microelectromagnetic confinement of anomalous Hall effect. By controlling the generation and elimination of the confined magnetic field, the electrons can be confined and released. This carbon-based topological material can change the current electricity storage mode of a battery which transforms chemical energy to electric energy and greatly increases the electricity storage density per unit volume.