bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific Performance
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter tackles specific performances. Legal systems disagree as to whether the default system should envisage an obligee’s claim for specific performance at all. The chapter notes how interests are considered before granting specific performance. It also includes how specific performances are often referred to as either right or remedy. Civil law legal systems are favorable due to their claims for specific performance. The chapter then explains the special rules that enable the obligee to effect specific performance outside genuine enforcement proceedings. It mentions the possibility of substitute performance at the obligor’s expense.
Price Reduction
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers price reduction. It notes how price reduction is primarily known as a remedy in civil law countries. Price reduction is also regarded as partial avoidance of the contract. In history, most legal systems explicitly conduct price reduction for the non-conformity of the goods and performance. However, a special problem arises where the seller’s liability is based upon the goods being subject to a third party’s intellectual property right. The chapter also discusses the calculation of price reduction. The consequence of price reduction is largely similar to the consequence of avoidance.
Concurrent Remedies
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter explicated concurrent remedies. It compares the remedies for breach against remedies for mistakes, misinterpretation, and tort remedies. A breach of contract could extend beyond its set of rules and into other provisions of applicable sales law. The consequences of concurrent remedies have caused significant debate in both doctrine, civil law jurisdictions, and court practice at the domestic level. The argument is relatively harmless as most remedies come from the same legal system. However, the same could not be said for the international level if a set of rules does not cover all issues or applicable domestic law will be enforced.
A regulatory network comprising let-7 miRNA and SMUG1 is associated with good prognosis in ER+ breast tumours
Authors: Lirussi Lisa , Ayyildiz Dilara , Liu Yan , Montaldo Nicola P , Carracedo Sergio , Aure Miriam R , Jobert Laure , Tekpli Xavier , Touma Joel , Sauer Torill , Dalla Emiliano , Kristensen Vessela N , Geisler Jürgen , Piazza Silvano , Tell Gianluca , Nilsen Hilde 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Single-strand selective uracil–DNA glycosylase 1 (SMUG1) initiates base excision repair (BER) of uracil and oxidized pyrimidines. SMUG1 status has been associated with cancer risk and therapeutic response in breast carcinomas and other cancer types. However, SMUG1 is a multifunctional protein involved, not only, in BER but also in RNA quality control, and its function in cancer cells is unclear. Here we identify several novel SMUG1 interaction partners that functions in many biological processes relevant for cancer development and treatment response. Based on this, we hypothesized that the dominating function of SMUG1 in cancer might be ascribed to functions other than BER. We define a bad prognosis signature for SMUG1 by mapping out the SMUG1 interaction network and found that high expression of genes in the bad prognosis network correlated with lower survival probability in ER+ breast cancer. Interestingly, we identified hsa-let-7b-5p microRNA as an upstream regulator of the SMUG1 interactome. Expression of SMUG1 and hsa-let-7b-5p were negatively correlated in breast cancer and we found an inhibitory auto-regulatory loop between SMUG1 and hsa-let-7b-5p in the MCF7 breast cancer cells. We conclude that SMUG1 functions in a gene regulatory network that influence the survival and treatment response in several cancers.
Hydrazone chemistry-mediated CRISPR/Cas12a system for bacterial analysis
Authors: Sheng Anzhi , Yang Jingyi , Tang Longfei , Niu Lili , Cheng Liangfen , Zeng Yujing , Chen Xu , Zhang Juan , Li Genxi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this study, a hydrazone chemistry-mediated clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 12a (Cas12a) system has been proposed for the fist time and constructed. In our system, hydrazone chemistry is designed and employed to accelerate the formation of a whole activation strand by taking advantage of the proximity effect induced by complementary base pairing, thus activating the CRISPR/Cas12a system quickly and efficiently. Moreover, the introduction of hydrazone chemistry can improve the specificity of the CRISPR/Cas12a system, allowing it to effectively distinguish single-base mismatches. The established system has been further applied to analyze Pseudomonas aeruginosa by specific recognition of the probe strand with a characteristic fragment in 16S rDNA to release the hydrazine group-modified activation strand. The method shows a wide linear range from 3.8 × 102 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml to 3.8 × 106 CFU/ml, with the lowest detection limit of 24 CFU/ml. Therefore, the introduction of hydrazone chemistry may also broaden the application of the CRISPR/Cas12a system.
The yeast 2-micron plasmid Rep2 protein has Rep1-independent partitioning function
Authors: Mereshchuk Anastasiia , Johnstone Peter S , Chew Joyce S K , Dobson Melanie J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Equal partitioning of the multi-copy 2-micron plasmid of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires association of the plasmid Rep1 and Rep2 proteins with the plasmid STB partitioning locus. Determining how the Rep proteins contribute has been complicated by interactions between the components. Here, each Rep protein was expressed fused to the DNA-binding domain of the bacterial repressor protein LexA in yeast harboring a replication-competent plasmid that had LexA-binding sites but lacked STB. Plasmid transmission to daughter cells was increased only by Rep2 fusion expression. Neither Rep1 nor a functional RSC2 complex (a chromatin remodeler required for 2-micron plasmid partitioning) were needed for the improvement. Deletion analysis showed the carboxy-terminal 65 residues of Rep2 were required and sufficient for this Rep1-independent inheritance. Mutation of a conserved basic motif in this domain impaired Rep1-independent and Rep protein/STB-dependent plasmid partitioning. Our findings suggest Rep2, which requires Rep1 and the RSC2 complex for functional association with STB, directly participates in 2-micron plasmid partitioning by linking the plasmid to a host component that is efficiently partitioned during cell division. Further investigation is needed to reveal the host factor targeted by Rep2 that contributes to the survival of these plasmids in their budding yeast hosts.
Human NOP2/NSUN1 regulates ribosome biogenesis through non-catalytic complex formation with box C/D snoRNPs
Authors: Liao Han , Gaur Anushri , McConie Hunter , Shekar Amirtha , Wang Karen , Chang Jeffrey T , Breton Ghislain , Denicourt Catherine 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
5-Methylcytosine (m5C) is a base modification broadly found on various RNAs in the human transcriptome. In eukaryotes, m5C is catalyzed by enzymes of the NSUN family composed of seven human members (NSUN1-7). NOP2/NSUN1 has been primarily characterized in budding yeast as an essential ribosome biogenesis factor required for the deposition of m5C on the 25S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Although human NOP2/NSUN1 has been known to be an oncogene overexpressed in several types of cancer, its functions and substrates remain poorly characterized. Here, we used a miCLIP-seq approach to identify human NOP2/NSUN1 RNA substrates. Our analysis revealed that NOP2/NSUN1 catalyzes the deposition of m5C at position 4447 on the 28S rRNA. We also find that NOP2/NSUN1 binds to the 5′ETS region of the pre-rRNA transcript and regulates pre-rRNA processing through non-catalytic complex formation with box C/D snoRNAs. We provide evidence that NOP2/NSUN1 facilitates the recruitment of U3 and U8 snoRNAs to pre-90S ribosomal particles and their stable assembly into snoRNP complexes. Remarkably, expression of both WT and catalytically inactive NOP2/NSUN1 in knockdown background rescues the rRNA processing defects and the stable assembly of box C/D snoRNP complexes, suggesting that NOP2/NSUN1-mediated deposition of m5C on rRNA is not required for ribosome synthesis.
Composition and Petrology of a Mush-Bearing Magma Reservoir beneath Tenerife
Authors: Horn Emma L , Taylor Rex N , Gernon Thomas M , Stock Michael J , Farley E M Ruth 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDeciphering the dynamics of sub-volcanic magmatic processes requires a detailed understanding of the compositional and textural relationships between melt and crystals. To examine these relationships, we investigated material from one of the largest caldera-forming explosive eruptions on the ocean island of Tenerife, the 312-ka Fasnia event. This eruption ejected juvenile pyroclasts of melt-bearing, partially crystalline cumulate nodules alongside phonolitic pumice and accidental lithic clasts. Nodules contain an average of 26% melt that is preserved as vesiculated and microcrystalline basanite in segregations, pathways and interstitial domains. Both the microcrystalline groundmass and crystal framework are generally unaltered as this crystal ‘mush’ remained supra-solidus until the eruption. We find no surficial or intrinsic evidence that the nodules were transported from their reservoir in a ‘carrier’ magma, and it is most likely that the mush was in situ when it was explosively fragmented and ejected during eruption. As such, the nodules preserve a record of the proportions and relationships between the crystal framework and pre-eruptive melt in an active magma mush reservoir, importantly, capturing a snapshot of the sub-volcanic system at a single point in time. We have analysed &gt;100 of the mush nodules from the massive lithic breccia facies within the Fasnia Member of the Diego Hernández Formation. These cumulates span a diverse range of alkaline plutonic lithologies, from wehrlite and pyroxenite, through hornblende gabbros, to monzodiorite and syenite. Their textures record a range of crystallization environments, including both crystal- and melt-rich groundmass domains, and invasion of near-solidus domains by ascending reactive melts. In addition, the cumulus phases record complex interactions between felsic and mafic magmas throughout their development, providing evidence for mush remobilization and disequilibrium. Relative homogeneity of melt compositions through the mafic and felsic lithologies testifies to melt mobility through the cumulates. Nevertheless, all melts are of different basanite-intermediate composition to the juvenile phonolitic pumice ejected during the same eruption. This observation implies that the mafic–felsic cumulate mush and the phonolite did not experience significant two-way mixing and existed as separate crustal reservoirs. However, the Fasnia eruption simultaneously fragmented and removed material from both reservoirs, implying the mafic system was subjacent to the felsic, but they did not form a contiguous body.
Search for axion-like particles with electron and positron beams at the KEK linac
Authors: Ishikawa Akimasa , Sakaki Yasuhito , Takubo Yosuke 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We perform a feasibility study of a fixed-target experiment to search for axion-like particles (ALPs) coupling to photons, utilizing electron and positron beams available at the KEK linac. The sensitivity to ALPs is evaluated for two shielding setups in conjunction with other beam dump experiments, fixed-target experiments, and e+e− collider experiments. This study shows that the two setups explore the region that cannot be searched by other proposed experiments. In particular, these are sensitive to regions with shorter lifetimes that have not been explored by previous beam dump experiments.
Tannic acid-loaded hydrogel coating endues polypropylene mesh with hemostatic and anti-inflammatory capacity for facilitating pelvic floor repair
Authors: Wu Chenghao , Zhou Zixuan , You Xi , Guo Yi , Chen Ping , Li Huaifang , Tong Xiaowen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The application of polypropylene mesh (PPM) in pelvic organ prolapse (POP) treatment was severely limited by the complications associated with PPM, such as mesh exposure, chronic inflammatory reactions and postoperative hematoma. This study applied a method of fabricating a hydrogel-mesh complex (PPM + TA@GelMA) to cross-link tannic acid (TA) directly with Methacrylate Gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel and thus to form a coating for PPM. This one-step coating modification improved the hydrophilicity and cyto-compatibility of PPM. The hemostatic effect of PPM+TA@GelMA was confirmed through tail amputation test. Through the defect tissue repair experiments in vivo, it was proved that PPM+TA@GelMA had effects of anti-inflammation and promoting tissue repair and regulated the M2 subtype macrophages polarization for tissue repair. The TA-loaded hydrogel coating endued PPM with multiple functions. It is believed that the novel hydrogel-mesh complex and its fabrication method will have great significance in basic research and clinical application.
SPREAD 4: online visualisation of pathogen phylogeographic reconstructions
Authors: Nahata Kanika D , Bielejec Filip , Monetta Juan , Dellicour Simon , Rambaut Andrew , Suchard Marc A , Baele Guy , Lemey Philippe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Phylogeographic analyses aim to extract information about pathogen spread from genomic data, and visualising spatio-temporal reconstructions is a key aspect of this process. Here we present SPREAD 4, a feature-rich web-based application that visualises estimates of pathogen dispersal resulting from Bayesian phylogeographic inference using BEAST on a geographic map, offering zoom-and-filter functionality and smooth animation over time. SPREAD 4 takes as input phylogenies with both discrete and continuous location annotation and offers customised visualisation as well as generation of publication-ready figures. SPREAD 4 now features account-based storage and easy sharing of visualisations by means of unique web addresses. SPREAD 4 is intuitive to use and is available online at https://spreadviz.org, with an accompanying web page containing answers to frequently asked questions at https://beast.community/spread4.
A Comparison of 2 Abbreviated Methods for Assessing Adolescent Bone Age: The Shorthand Bone Age Method and the SickKids/Columbia Method
Authors: Bixby Elise C. , Skaggs Kira , Berube Emma , Howard Andrew W. , Wong Tony T. , Redler Lauren H. , Popkin Charles A. 
Published: September 2022

Background:
Radiographic assessment of bone age is critically important to decision-making on the type and timing of operative interventions in pediatric orthopaedics. The current widely accepted method for determining bone age is time and resource-intensive. This study sought to assess the reliability and accuracy of 2 abbreviated methods, the Shorthand Bone Age (SBA) and the SickKids/Columbia (SKC) methods, to the widely accepted Greulich and Pyle (GP) method.

Methods:
Standard posteroanterior radiographs of the left hand of 125 adolescent males and 125 adolescent females were compiled, with bone ages determined by the GP method ranging from 9 to 16 years for males and 8 to 14 years for females. Blinded to the chronologic age and GP bone age of each child, the bone age for each radiograph was determined using the SBA and SKC methods by an orthopaedic surgery resident, 2 pediatric orthopaedic surgeons, and a musculoskeletal radiologist. Measurements were then repeated 2 weeks later after rerandomization of the radiographs. Intrarater and interrater reliability for the 2 abbreviated methods as well as the agreement between all 3 methods were calculated using weighted κ values. Mean absolute differences between methods were also calculated.

Results:
Both bone age methods demonstrated substantial to almost perfect intrarater reliability, with a weighted κ ranging from 0.79 to 0.93 for the SBA method and from 0.82 to 0.96 for the SKC method. Interrater reliability was moderate to substantial (weighted κ: 0.55 to 0.84) for the SBA method and substantial to almost perfect (weighted κ: 0.67 to 0.92) for the SKC method. Agreement between the 3 methods was substantial for all raters and all comparisons. The mean absolute difference, been GP-derived and SBA-derived bone age, was 7.6±7.8 months, as compared with 8.8±7.4 months between GP-derived and SKC-derived bone ages.

Conclusions:
The SBA and SKC methods have comparable reliability, and both correlate well to the widely accepted GP methods and to each other. However, they have relatively large absolute differences when compared with the GP method. These methods offer simple, efficient, and affordable estimates for bone age determination, but at best provide an estimate to be used in the appropriate setting.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic study—level III.
Endoscopic Repair of Round Window Cochleocele
Authors: James Adrian L. , Papsin Blake C. 
Published: September 2022

Objective
To describe the novel presentation, implications, and endoscopic management of a congenital round window cochleocele.

Patient
A 16-month old girl with profound hearing loss from bilateral incomplete partition type 1 (IP1) anomaly of the cochlea plus left-sided cochlear nerve aplasia and cochleocele.

Intervention
Anomalies were identified with computed tomographic scanning and magnetic resonance imaging during cochlear implant candidacy assessment. While under general anesthesia for right-sided cochlear implantation, the cochleocele was removed and packed with temporalis fascia using transcanal endoscopic ear surgery. The endoscope was held by an assistant while the surgeon packed the round window using a two-handed technique to counter the gush of cerebrospinal fluid.

Results
The child made an uneventful recovery with no cerebrospinal fluid leak or meningitis.

Conclusions
Cochleocele can protrude through the round window of a cochlea with incomplete partition type 1 anomaly. An increased risk of meningitis secondary to acute otitis media is expected given the known risk from cochleocele arising through a stapes footplate fistula. Care should be taken to check for the presence of a cochleocele in hearing loss from congenital malformations involving the basal turn of the cochlea on imaging and also at the time of cochlear implant surgery. Repair should be considered at the first opportunity to prevent meningitis. If early cochlear implant surgery is not feasible or appropriate (as, for example, with cochlear nerve aplasia), transcanal endoscopic ear surgery provides good access for a low-morbidity approach.
PI3K Inhibition for Squamous Cell Head and Neck Carcinoma
Authors: Desilets Antoine , Soulières Denis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is aberrantly activated in most head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, making it a prized target for targeted therapy development. Multiple PI3K inhibitors have been studied in early phase trials, with unfavorable risk-benefit ratios in molecularly unselected patient populations. Buparlisib, a potent pan–class I PI3K inhibitor, shows promising efficacy in combination with paclitaxel for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Results of the phase III BURAN trial are awaited.
Absorbable Suture Anchor Technique
Authors: Li Hanbo , Zhao Yanyong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Postblepharoplasty ectropion is a very complex problem to deal with because its relevance is far to be only a functional complaint. Therefore, the best surgical approach requires both aesthetic and functional consideration. Here, we introduce the absorbable suture anchor technique, which can meet both needs, and its surgical procedure is simple and effective and has excellent stability for long-term results. This series included only ectropion patients caused by lower eyelid blepharoplasty, with or without receiving revision surgery. Forty-seven cases (64 eyes) were treated by a single surgeon through this method. Forty-six patients (97.9%) displayed adequate correction of the eyelid ectropion and a marked degree of improvement both in aesthetic terms and with regard to the functional disorders reported. One patient (2.1%) presented complications but brought under control after drainage and dressing change. His previous symptoms were also largely relieved. Absorbable suture anchor technique is an effective, minimally invasive, and safe method to correct postblepharoplasty ectropion.

Objective
In this study, we describe an absorbable suture anchor technique and its outcomes in the repair of ectropion caused by lower eyelid blepharoplasty.

Methods
From December 2017 to January 2021, 47 patients (64 eyes) with lower eyelid ectropion were treated with this technique (mean age, 43 years; age range, 27–61 years). This series included only patients with ectropion caused by lower eyelid blepharoplasty, with or without revision surgery. Patients were assessed with the Ectropion Grading Scale and distraction test preoperatively. All patients first underwent the release of middle lamellar adhesions and scar tissue, and then, the absorbable suture anchor technique was used to suspend the lower eyelid; 9 patients also underwent eyelid wedge excision because of severe lower eyelid laxity.

Results
The success rate was 100% for grade I–III and V ectropion and 95% for grade IV. The overall success rate was 98%. In terms of correction iterations, the success rate 100% for patients undergoing their first reconstructive surgery and 90% for patients who had 1 or more reconstructive surgeries. Surgical success was defined in terms of the Ectropion Grading Scale and clinical examination. One patient (1 eye) developed a lower eyelid tissue infection that was controlled with drainage and dressing changes; his previous symptoms were largely relieved.

Conclusions
The absorbable suture anchor technique is an effective, minimally invasive, and safe method for correcting postblepharoplasty lower eyelid ectropion.