bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of noise‐induced hair cell lesions on cochlear electromechanical responses: A computational approach using a biophysical model
Authors: Saremi Amin , Stenfelt Stefan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA biophysically inspired signal processing model of the human cochlea is deployed to simulate the effects of specific noise‐induced inner hair cell (IHC) and outer hair cell (OHC) lesions on hearing thresholds, cochlear compression, and the spectral and temporal features of the auditory nerve (AN) coding. The model predictions were evaluated by comparison with corresponding data from animal studies as well as human clinical observations. The hearing thresholds were simulated for specific OHC and IHC damages and the cochlear nonlinearity was assessed at 0.5 and 4 kHz. The tuning curves were estimated at 1 kHz and the contributions of the OHC and IHC pathologies to the tuning curve were distinguished by the model. Furthermore, the phase locking of AN spikes were simulated in quiet and in presence of noise. The model predicts that the phase locking drastically deteriorates in noise indicating the disturbing effect of background noise on the temporal coding in case of hearing impairment. Moreover, the paper presents an example wherein the model is inversely configured for diagnostic purposes using a machine learning optimization technique (Nelder–Mead method). Accordingly, the model finds a specific pattern of OHC lesions that gives the audiometric hearing loss measured in a group of noise‐induced hearing impaired humans.
Newly developed sugarbeet lines with altered postharvest respiration rates differ in transcription factor and glycolytic enzyme expression
Authors: Fugate Karen K. , Campbell Larry G. , Lafta Abbas M. , Eide John D. , Khan Mohamed F. R. , Chu Chenggen , Finger Fernando L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRespiration is the principal cause for postharvest sucrose loss in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots. Although reductions in respiration rate could mitigate these losses, developing sugarbeet cultivars and storage procedures that reduce respiration are hindered by a lack of knowledge of the genetic and metabolic factors that control storage respiration rate. Research was conducted to identify genes and gene products that affect storage respiration rate by creating two sugarbeet lines that differ in respiration rate and characterizing gene expression differences between these lines. Sugarbeet lines F1056 and F1057, which differ by up to 42% in respiration rate, were created by divergent selection of a sugarbeet population using root respiration rate after 30 d in storage as the principal selection criterion. RNA sequencing identified 287 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between these lines on the day of harvest and after 28‐d storage. Of these DEGs, nine encoded transcription factors and five encoded enzymes involved in the respiratory pathway. Other DEGs contributed to a variety of biological and molecular functions based on gene ontology classifications. Of respiratory pathway DEGS, genes for NAD+‐ and NADP+‐dependent forms of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase were of note due to their high upregulation in the high respiring line and for their established role in glycolysis, a pathway identified as a likely bottleneck in respiratory substrate production. Overall, lines F1056 and F1057 provide new tools for investigating genetic and physiological differences in storage respiration rate, and their DEGs identify candidates for genes affecting sugarbeet root respiration rate.
FPGA simulation of chaotic tent map‐based S‐Box design
Authors: Türk Ömer 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe chaotic system has a characteristically random behavior by nature, and these systems have their own characteristics in a completely deterministic structure. This feature of a chaotic system makes it difficult to predict encryptions designed based on such a system. Thanks to this unpredictable and strong feature, maps produced from chaotic systems are an important alternative in the field of encryption. One of the structures obtained by employing chaotic maps is the substitution box. S‐Box, which provides the confusion principle used in block ciphers, is the main block that dynamically replaces unencrypted data with confidential data and makes a significant contribution to ensuring high security in the encryption system. Therefore, S‐Boxes hold a critical role in block ciphers. Speed and reliability are important parameters in the creation of this main block. Especially, applications performed on hardware are more reliable and high performance. Therefore, in this study, an S‐Box was designed using field‐programmable gate arrays (FPGA) simulation from a chaotic tent map to create a fast and reliable S‐Box because FPGAs offer solutions that may be important in this field considering their fast and customizable architecture. In the proposed method, the S‐Box was created in 0.16 s. In addition, the dynamic properties of the chaotic tent map were analyzed with Lyapunov exponents, and the NIST SP 800‐22 test was applied for the information encryption suitability of the proposed chaotic system. Also, to test the reliability of the produced S‐Box structures, SAC, non‐linearity, bit independence criteria, and input/output XOR distribution table metrics were implemented. The results showed that the proposed chaotic map was dynamic and passed the reliability tests successfully.
Ion temperature anisotropy model with cross‐field drifts in the scrape‐off layer
Authors: Zhao Menglong , Rognlien Tom , Jarvinen Aaro , Joseph Ilon , Umansky Maxim 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn ion temperature anisotropy model including cross‐field drifts has been implemented in the 2D transport code UEDGE. Two ion temperature equations are solved in the model to give separate ion temperatures perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field, which results in an additional mirror force for ion parallel transport and also leads to an additional curvature drift in the perpendicular direction. In our previous work, an ion temperature anisotropy model was implemented and applied to the full 2D version of UEDGE including recycled neutrals. The simulation results showed that the mirror force due to anisotropy reduces ion parallel flow velocity, however, the simulations were presented without cross‐field electric and magnetic drifts. Nevertheless, in present medium‐size tokamaks or future compact fusion devices, cross‐fields are important. In this work, the anisotropy model is extended to be compatible with the inclusion of cross‐field drifts. Preliminary results on comparison between the model solutions with and without cross‐field drifts are presented.
Bifurcation types and dynamic control of dust ion‐acoustic waves propagation in dusty plasmas with non‐thermal electrons
Authors: Alinejad Hassan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe bifurcation types and phase portraits of non‐linear dust ion‐acoustic travelling waves are studied in a dusty plasma comprising warm adiabatic ions, non‐thermal electrons and stationary cold dust species. A dynamical system is derived for the plasma waves evolution, and then the bifurcation response is determined on the equilibrium points‐non‐thermal parameter plane. It is shown that the motion dynamics of travelling waves undergoes a transcritical as well as saddle‐node bifurcations for the critical values of energetic electrons. We indicate that a sudden emergence and transition between solitary waves and non‐linear periodic waves occur at the critical point of transcritical bifurcation. For the saddle‐node bifurcation, we show that both solitary and super‐nonlinear periodic waves disappear, and only a large amplitude periodic wave can propagate in plasma. Further, the coexistence of solitary waves, non‐linear and super‐nonlinear waves are investigated for different values of plasma parameters. The results obtained here could be applicable to different space and astrophysical plasma systems, particularly in Saturn's E‐ring.
Myocardial oedema: pathophysiological basis and implications for the failing heart
Authors: Vasques‐Nóvoa Francisco , Angélico‐Gonçalves António , Alvarenga José M.G. , Nobrega João , Cerqueira Rui J. , Mancio Jennifer , Leite‐Moreira Adelino F. , Roncon‐Albuquerque Roberto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMyocardial fluid homeostasis relies on a complex interplay between microvascular filtration, interstitial hydration, cardiomyocyte water uptake and lymphatic removal. Dysregulation of one or more of these mechanisms may result in myocardial oedema. Interstitial and intracellular fluid accumulation disrupts myocardial architecture, intercellular communication, and metabolic pathways, decreasing contractility and increasing myocardial stiffness. The widespread use of cardiac magnetic resonance enabled the identification of myocardial oedema as a clinically relevant imaging finding with prognostic implications in several types of heart failure. Furthermore, growing experimental evidence has contributed to a better understanding of the physical and molecular interactions in the microvascular barrier, myocardial interstitium and lymphatics and how they might be disrupted in heart failure. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the factors controlling myocardial water balance in the healthy and failing heart and pinpoint the new potential therapeutic avenues.
Crown‐Ether‐Based Cryptands with Rarely Strong Affinities for Binding Neutral Organic Molecules
Authors: Tan Yanyan , Pan Shaowu , Zhang Shilong , Fang Lin , Zhang Feichun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Jiang Lasheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein, we present the syntheses of two new crown‐ether‐based cryptands and their complexation behaviors with neutral organic molecules. The interactions between4/5andG1/G2were fast exchange systems forming pseudorotaxane‐like complexes with a 1 : 1 stoichiometric ratio. The association constant (Ka) of “long‐armed” cryptand5withG2was even up to 2.5×105 M−1, which is 10 to 103 times higher than the previously reported host‐neutral guest system to the best of our knowledge. Such a largeKais even comparable to that of reported cryptands with secondary ammonium salts and paraquat derivatives. Thorough studies demonstrated that excellent spatial fitting and multi non‐covalent interactions (H‐bonding and π–π stacking) are essential for such a largeKa.
Influence of landscape moisture sources and topography on rock weathering patterns associated with wildfire
Authors: Mol Lisa , Grenfell Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFrom 9 March 2015, a wildfire burned an area of 25.7 km2, or approximately half of the Jonkershoek catchment (Western Cape, South Africa), over the course of 3 days. During this period, large areas of fynbos and commercial forest plantations were razed, and rocks, including boulders and smaller rocks, were exposed to high temperatures. While a substantial body of work has been carried out to investigate the effects of wildfire on landscape development, less is known about the effect of wildfire on rock weathering within a landscape. Previous studies have reported the overall effect of wildfire on rock deterioration, but the effect of intra‐fire temperature differences associated with heat behaviour on a slope has not been sufficiently addressed. In this study we investigate the effects of topography and proximity to moisture on rock deterioration processes. In particular, we focus on the use of in‐field rock deterioration measurements and GIS to investigate the relative influences of distance from burn source, distance from moisture source and topographical positioning of the sample site. The results indicate that boulder size and lithology are of secondary importance to the placement of fire‐affected rocks within the wider topography of the landscape, and that rock exposure to moisture, also a function of landscape position, is likely to exacerbate the response of the rocks to heat. No direct correlation was observed between the type and severity of the outwardly visible damage sustained on the sampled rocks, and the size, lithology or proximity to burn source. We argue that these findings call for a re‐evaluation of fire‐related damage in the wider context of rock response as a function of topographical variations.
A traceable privacy‐aware data publishing platform on permissioned blockchain
Authors: Li Fengyin , Sun Xueqing , Liu Peiyu , Li Xiao , Cui Yang , Wang Xiaojiao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe data publishing platform based on blockchain has advantages of decentralization, anti‐tampering function, and distributed storage. However, privacy leakage, untraceability, and the data tampering cannot be addressed. In order to solve these problems, this article proposes an aggregation signature scheme based on the bilinear mapping, and proposes a traceable privacy‐aware data publishing platform by applying the aggregation signature scheme to the data publishing platform on permissioned blockchain. Performance analysis shows that the traceable privacy‐aware data publishing platform reduces the communication cost, improves the efficiency of signature verification and transmission, provides the anonymity and traceability for the users in the platform.
Federated learning and next generation wireless communications: A survey on bidirectional relationship
Authors: Shome Debaditya , Waqar Omer , Khan Wali Ullah 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn order to meet the extremely heterogeneous requirements of the next generation wireless communication networks, research community is increasingly dependent on using machine‐learning solutions for real‐time decision‐making and radio resource management. Traditional machine learning employs fully centralized architecture in which the entire training data is collected at one node for example, cloud server, that significantly increases the communication overheads and also raises severe privacy concerns. Toward this end, a distributed machine‐learning paradigm termed as federated learning (FL) has been proposed recently. In FL, each participating edge device trains its local model by using its own training data. Then, via the wireless channels the weights or parameters of the locally trained models are sent to the central parameter server (PS), that aggregates them and updates the global model. On one hand, FL plays an important role for optimizing the resources of wireless communication networks, on the other hand, wireless communications is crucial for FL. Thus, a “bidirectional” relationship exists between FL and wireless communications. Although FL is an emerging concept, many publications have already been published in the domain of FL and its applications for next generation wireless networks. Nevertheless, we noticed that none of the works have highlighted the bidirectional relationship between FL and wireless communications. Therefore, the purpose of this survey article is to bridge this gap in literature by providing a timely and comprehensive discussion on the interdependency between FL and wireless communications.
Zebrafish obesogenic test identifies anti‐adipogenic fraction in Moringa oreifera leaf extracts
Authors: Matsuoka Izumi , Hata Kanae , Katsuzaki Hirotaka , Nakayama Hiroko , Zang Liqing , Ota Mizuho , Kim Youngil , Chu Djong‐Chi , Juneja Lekh Raj , Nishimura Norihiro , Shimada Yasuhito 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe zebrafish obesogenic test (ZOT) is a powerful tool for identifying anti‐adipogenic compounds for in vivo screening. In our previous study, we found that Moringa oleifera (MO) leaf powder suppressed the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in ZOT. MO demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological effects; however, little is known about its functional constituents. To identify the anti‐adipogenic components of MO leaves, we prepared extracts using different extraction methods and tested the obtained extracts and fractions using ZOT. We found that the dichloromethane extract and its hexane:EtOAc = 8:2 fraction reduced VAT accumulation in young zebrafish fed a high‐fat diet. We also performed gene expression analysis in the zebrafish VAT and found that CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein beta and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein delta (associated with early stages of adipogenesis) gene expression was downregulated after fraction 2 administration. We identified a new MO fraction that suppressed VAT accumulation by inhibiting early adipogenesis using the ZOT. Phenotype‐driven zebrafish screening is a reasonable strategy for identifying bioactive components in natural products.
Nurse managers leadership styles and intention to stay among nurses at the unit in Ghana
Authors: Ofei Adelaide Maria Ansah , Paarima Yennuten 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionEnabling effective leadership is significant in contemporary healthcare delivery. Nurse Managers' (NMs) leadership styles are a major predictor of nurses' retention. Using the ‘Full Range Leadership’ model as the organising framework, this study explored NMs leadership styles and their influence on intention to stay among nurses in Ghana.MethodsA quantitative cross‐sectional design using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ‐5x), was used to explore nurses' intention to stay at their current workplace. Data were collected from 348 nurses in 38 selected hospitals and analysed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression.ResultsNMs exhibited different leadership styles based on the circumstance, but mostly used a participative leadership style, followed by transformational and transactional leadership styles. Nurses showed a high level of intention to stay. The intention to stay at the current workplace was high (3.26 out of 4) among nurses. The findings show that 85.6% of the nurses had intended to stay. The leadership styles of NMs jointly predicted 20.9% of the variance in intention to stay among nurses.ConclusionRegular in‐service training programs in leadership is critical for NMs to strengthen their leadership skills. NMs should be encouraged to widely use participative leadership styles to foster inclusiveness of staff in the unit.
Comparing headwater stream thermal sensitivity across two distinct regions in Northern California
Authors: Wissler Austin D. , Segura Catalina , Bladon Kevin D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThermal regimes in headwater streams are critical for freshwater ecological condition and habitat resilience to disturbance, and to inform sustainable forest management. However, stream temperatures vary depending on characteristics of the stream, catchment, or region. To improve our knowledge of stream thermal regimes, we collected stream and air temperature data along eight headwater streams in two regions in Northern California. Five streams were in the Coast Range, which is characterized by permeable sandstone lithology, rain dominated precipitation regime, and dense coast redwood forests. Three streams were in the Cascade Range, which is characterized by fractured and resistant basalt lithology, snow dominated precipitation, and low to moderate density pine forests. We instrumented each stream with 12 stream temperature and four air temperature sensors during summer 2018. We compared stream thermal regimes and thermal sensitivity—slope of the linear regression between daily stream and air temperature—within and between study regions. Mean daily stream temperatures were ~4.7°C warmer in the Coast Range but were less variable (SD = 0.7°C) compared to the Cascade Range (SD = 2.3°C). Median thermal sensitivity was 0.33°C °C−1 in the Coast Range and 0.23°C °C−1 in the Cascade Range. We posit that the volcanic lithology underlying the Cascade streams likely supported discrete groundwater discharge locations of cold snowmelt water, which dampened thermal sensitivity. At locations of apparent groundwater discharge in these streams, median stream temperatures rapidly decreased by 2.0–7.0°C relative to locations 70–90 m upstream. In contrast, thin friable soils in the Coast Range likely contributed warmer, rain dominated baseflow from shallow subsurface sources, which strongly co‐varied with air temperature and generally warmed downstream (up to 2.1°C km−1). Our study revealed distinct longitudinal thermal regimes in streams with contrasting lithology, precipitation regimes, and stand densities suggesting that streams in these different regions may respond differentially to forest disturbances or climate change.
Using stable isotopes to investigate differences of plant water sources in subalpine habitats
Authors: Zhang Fuhua , Jia Wenxiong , Zhu Guofeng , Zhang Zhiyuan , Shi Yang , Yang Le , Xiong Hui , Zhang Miaomiao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLocated along the northeastern edge of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau in China, the Qilian Mountains are an important ecological barrier in Northwest China. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the plant water sources in subalpine habitats for understanding the ecological and hydrological processes in the Qilian Mountains. Here, based on the samples of precipitation, xylem water, soil water, river water, and spring water collected during May–October 2019 from subalpine habitats on the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains and the measured hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope values (δ2H and δ18O, respectively), the present study gained further insight into plant water sources in this region using the IsoSource model. Water absorption characteristics of shrubs were similar in subalpine habitats. Specifically, plants absorbed water primarily from the topsoil layer (0–30 cm) and rarely from the deep soil layers. Nevertheless, in the dry and growing seasons with high water demand, subalpine shrubs competed for water resources at similar depths. As a result of this competition, the utilization rate of deep soil water improved in some shrubs, expanding the differences in water sources of subalpine shrubs within the same habitat. In addition, in the dry and growing seasons, the water sources of the same subalpine shrub varied across different habitats. Compared with other subalpine shrubs, Salix cupularis Rehder, Salix oritrepha Schneid., Potentilla fruticosa L., Salix sclerophylla Anderss., Rhododendron anthopogonoides Maxim., and Rhododendron przewalskii Maxim. could alter their water use strategies with variations in water conditions, exhibiting a greater drought tolerance. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the subalpine region's eco‐hydrological processes and contribute to the selection of suitable species for the restoration of the subalpine ecological environment under the background of global change.