bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does environmental sustainability attract foreign investment? Evidence from developing countries
Authors: Opoku Eric Evans Osei , Acheampong Alex O. , Dzator Janet , Kufuor Nana Kwabena 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study contributes to the literature by investigating the effect of environmental degradation on foreign direct investment (FDI) using comprehensive panel data from 103 developing countries between 1970 and 2019. In this study, nine variables, namely, CO2 emissions, total greenhouse gas emissions, methane emissions, PM2.5, nitrous oxide emissions, ecological footprint of consumption, ecological footprint of production, total area (ecological footprint), and total biocapacity, were used to measure environmental degradation/sustainability. Using Lewbel's two‐stage least squares to control endogeneity issues, the result from the aggregated sample indicates that while CO2 emissions significantly reduce FDI, the remaining environmental degradation variables stimulate FDI. Further analysis reveals that, generally, environmental degradation boosts FDI flows to low and lower‐middle income countries while reducing FDI flows to upper‐middle income countries. The regional analysis also shows that environmental degradation generally reduces FDI flows to Europe and Central Asia, and the Middle East and North Africa regions while stimulating FDI flows to South Asia, Sub‐Saharan Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Environmental degradation was found to have a neutral effect on FDI flows to East Asia and the Pacific. These results are robust to alternative econometric techniques. The policy implications are discussed.
Dual‐constrained and primal‐constrained principal component analysis
Authors: Andries Erik , Nikzad‐Langerodi Ramin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and related manifold embedding techniques generate nonlinear projections of high‐dimensional data onto low‐dimensional subspaces. However, due to the nonlinearity of these methods, there is no analogous transformation matrix (i.e., the loadings or eigenvectors) that allows one to see the corresponding relationship between each sample location and each feature (e.g., wavelength). We propose a mechanism that embeds the pairwise distance structure of UMAP‐type embeddings into the machinery of principal component analysis such that one can recover an approximate set of loading vectors associated with the intrinsic topology of high‐dimensional data.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Misoprostol Tablets: An Open‐Label, Randomized, Single‐dose, Crossover Study With Healthy Chinese Volunteers
Authors: Wang Shumin , Wu Feng , Han Ying , Ni Siyang , Guo Shaojie , Dai Yuyang , Xia Qiang , Chang Di , Zhang Ju , Wei Huiwen , Zhao Xiuli 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMisoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 derivative that has been used to treat duodenal and gastric ulcers, and to prevent ulcers caused by nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in many countries. Misoprostol can also be used for medical abortion. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of misoprostol tablets (test product) by comparing them with Cytotec (200 μg) (reference product). To assess the bioequivalence between test and reference products, a two‐sequence, two‐period crossover study was conducted with 48 healthy Chinese subjects enrolled under fasting conditions. A validated liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) assay was used to determine the concentration of misoprostol acid in plasma. A mixed model analysis of variance was used to calculate the bioequivalence of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. The point estimate of geometric mean ratios with 90% confidence intervals for the maximum observed concentration (Cmax) and the area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC0‐t) for misoprostol acid in reference and test products were 107.8% and 106.5%, respectively (range 80%–125%). Additionally, none of the secondary PK parameters presented significant differences. No severe or more than moderate adverse events were detected in the 48 subjects. However, one subject discontinued the treatment due to drug‐related gastrointestinal reactions. All adverse events were mild with rates of 19.2% and 22.9% after the administration test and reference products, respectively. Overall, the bioequivalence between the two misoprostol products was demonstrated in fasting conditions, and all subjects tolerated both treatments.
Analysis of Patent and Regulatory Exclusivity for Novel Agents in China and the United States: A Cohort Study of Drugs Approved Between 2018 and 2021
Authors: Luo Xingxian , Yang Lina , Du Xin , Yang Jingshu , Qian Feng , Yang Yue 
Published: April 2022

Patent and regulatory exclusivity shall constitute incentives for pharmaceutical companies to develop new drugs. This study aims to investigate the differences in the patent term extension (PTE) and regulatory exclusivity between China and the United States, and to evaluate their potential impact on the market exclusivity period of novel drugs. Small‐molecule novel drugs with their first indication approved in China and the United States between 2018 and 2021 were evaluated regarding their PTE and regulatory exclusivity. The PTE length of the China‐approved drugs was calculated by simulation, whereas that of the US‐approved drugs was extracted from the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Thirty‐two and 107 novel drugs approved in China and the United States, respectively, were included in the study. The PTE length of the US‐approved drugs calculated by the China‐PTE method was significantly longer than that calculated by the US‐PTE method. Patent extensions should be granted for 91% of new drugs in China and 82% in the United States. The simulated median PTE length of novel drugs approved in China was significantly higher than that of the United States (5.0 vs. 2.9 years, P < 0.05). It can be expected that the implementation of the PTE policy in China would significantly extend the period of market exclusivity for novel drugs similar to that of the United States. China should fully evaluate the potential impact of the PTE policy on the market exclusivity of novel drugs and provide better incentives to the development of novel drugs in addressing unmet clinical needs when developing its regulatory exclusivity policy.
An efficient DC‐DC converter for inductive power transfer in low‐power sensor applications
Authors: Lu Ruikuan , Hossain Md. Kamal , Alexander J. Iwan , Massoud Yehia , Haider Mohammad R. 
Published: April 2022

SummaryInductive power transfer has become an emerging technology for its significant benefits in many applications, including mobile phones, laptops, electric vehicles, implanted bio‐sensors, and internet of things (IoT) devices. In modern applications, a direct current–direct current (DC–DC) converter is one of the essential components to regulate the output supply voltage for achieving the desired characteristics, that is, steady voltage with lower peak ripples. This paper presents a switched‐capacitor (SC) DC–DC converter using complementary architecture to provide a regulated DC voltage with an increased dynamic response. The proposed topology enhances the converter efficiency by decreasing the equivalent output resistance to half by connecting two symmetric SC single ladder converters. The proposed converter is designed using the standard 130‐nm BiCMOS process. The results show that the proposed architecture produces 327‐mV DC output with a rise time of 60.1 ns and consumes 3.449‐nW power for 1.0‐V DC supply. The output settling time is 43.6% lower than the single‐stage SC DC–DC converter with an input frequency of 200 MHz. The comparison results show that the proposed converter has a higher power conversion efficiency of 93.87%and a lower power density of 0.57 mW/mm2compared to the existing works.
A low power CMOS programmable gain amplifier employing positive feedback technique
Authors: Firouz Samira , Najafiaghdam Esmaeil , Jafarnejad Roya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a low power CMOS programmable gain amplifier (PGA) utilizing a novel gm‐boosting technique to increase the maximum achievable DC gain. The structure increases the effective transconductance of the circuit without any additional elements. The gain enhancement is accomplished without increasing the power consumption. The variable gain function is achieved by varying the effective transconductance of the circuit and its output resistance. The proposed PGA achieves a wide gain range of 47.5 dB from 2.1 to 49.6 dB with a constant bandwidth. According to the post‐layout simulation results of the proposed circuit in 0.18‐μm TSMC CMOS process the bandwidth and the input referred noise voltage at the maximum gain are 11.3 MHz and 10.76 nV/sqrt (Hz), respectively. The second and third harmonic distortions of the proposed PGA at the minimum gain are less than −72.4 and −40.7 dB, respectively. The core circuit of proposed PGA draws only 164 μA from a 1.2‐V supply voltage occupying an area of 29 μm * 26 μm.
Long noncoding RNA LINC01606 protects colon cancer cells from ferroptotic cell death and promotes stemness by SCD1–Wnt/β‐catenin–TFE3 feedback loop signalling
Authors: Luo Yajun , Huang Siqi , Wei Jinlai , Zhou He , Wang Wuyi , Yang Jianguo , Deng Qican , Wang Hao , Fu Zhongxue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundFerroptosis is principally caused by iron catalytic activity and intracellular lipid peroxidation. Long
noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in tumorigenesis. However, the potential interplay between lncRNA
LINC01606 and ferroptosis in colon cancer remains elusive.MethodsThe expression level of LNC01606 in colon cancer tissue was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The functional role of LNC01606 was investigated by gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays both in vitro and in vivo. The LINC01606‐SCD1‐Wnt/β‐catenin‐TFE3 axis were screened and validated by DNA/RNA pull down, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase reporter.
ResultsThe expression of lncRNA LINC01606 was frequently upregulated in human colon cancer and strongly
associated with a poor prognosis. LINC01606 functioned as an oncogene and promotes colon cancer cell growth,
invasion and stemness both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, LINC01606 protected colon cancer cells from ferroptosis by decreasing the concentration of iron, lipid reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Mechanistically, LINC01606 enhanced the expression of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), serving as a competing endogenous RNA to modulate miR‐423‐5p expression, subsequently activating the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, and transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3 (TFE3) increased LINC01606 transcription after recruitment to the promoter regions of LINC01606. Furthermore, we confirmed that upregulated LINC01606 and Wnt/β‐catenin formed a positive feedback regulatory loop, further inhibiting ferroptosis and enhancing stemness.ConclusionsLINC01606 functions as an oncogene to facilitate tumor cell stemness, proliferation and inhibit ferroptosis and is a promising therapeutic target for colon cancer.
FAIR research data management as community approach in bioengineering
Authors: Rehnert Martina , Takors Ralf 
Published: April 2022

AbstractResearch data management (RDM) requires standards, policies, and guidelines. Findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) data management is critical for sustainable research. Therefore, collaborative approaches for managing FAIR‐structured data are becoming increasingly important for long‐term, sustainable RDM. However, they are rather hesitantly applied in bioengineering. One of the reasons may be found in the interdisciplinary character of the research field. In addition, bioengineering as application of principles of biology and tools of process engineering, often have to meet different criteria. In consequence, RDM is complicated by the fact that researchers from different scientific institutions must meet the criteria of their home institution, which can lead to additional conflicts. Therefore, centrally provided general repositories implementing a collaborative approach that enables data storage from the outset In a biotechnology research network with over 20 tandem projects, it was demonstrated how FAIR‐RDM can be implemented through a collaborative approach and the use of a data structure. In addition, the importance of a structure within a repository was demonstrated to keep biotechnology research data available throughout the entire data lifecycle. Furthermore, the biotechnology research network highlighted the importance of a structure within a repository to keep research data available throughout the entire data lifecycle.
On the DLM/FD methods for simulating neutrally buoyant swimmers moving in non‐Newtonian shear thinning fluids
Authors: Li Ang , Pan Tsorng‐Whay , Glowinski Roland 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article we discuss the generalization of a Lagrange multiplier based fictitious domain (DLM/FD) method to simulating the motion of neutrally buoyant particles of non‐symmetric shape in non‐Newtonian shear‐thinning fluids. Numerical solutions of steady Poiseuille flow of non‐Newtonian shear‐thinning fluids are compared with the exact solutions in a two‐dimensional channel. Concerning a self‐propelled swimmer formed by two disks, the effect of shear‐thinning makes the swimmer moving faster and decreases the critical Reynolds number (for the moving direction changing to the opposite one) when decreasing the value of the power index n in the Carreau‐Bird model.
An efficient and accurate implicit DG solver for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Orlando Giuseppe , Della Rocca Alessandro , Barbante Paolo Francesco , Bonaventura Luca , Parolini Nicola 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe propose an efficient, accurate, and robust implicit solver for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, based on a DG spatial discretization and on the TR‐BDF2 method for time discretization. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in a number of classical benchmarks, which highlight its superior efficiency with respect to other widely used implicit approaches. The parallel implementation of the proposed method in the framework of the deal.II software package allows for accurate and efficient adaptive simulations in complex geometries, which makes the proposed solver attractive for large scale industrial applications.
Pharmacists closing health disparity gaps through pharmacogenomics
Authors: Formea Christine M. , Schultz April J. , Empey Philip E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs the health care community recognizes the need to address health disparities, practitioners are working diligently to promote health equity. It is each of our responsibilities to identify and work to overcome barriers to equitable health care that our patients experience. Many factors contribute to health care disparities across the country, and because of this, health care providers must employ different strategies to resolve gaps in equity. Precision medicine and its constituent element of pharmacogenomics offer a unique opportunity to lead the way in serving patients as individuals with varying needs. Pharmacogenomics can be used as a solution for breaking down barriers including the lack of diversity in research, access for rural or underserved geographical locations, overcoming economic factors, improving education, and increasing technological portability. In this article, we review how clinical pharmacists using pharmacogenomics can play a key role in identifying and overcoming some of these barriers that lead to health care disparities.
Premature attrition of clinical pharmacists: Call to attention, action, and potential solutions
Authors: Rech Megan A. , Jones G. Morgan , Naseman Ryan W. , Beavers Craig 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClinical pharmacists are highly trained professionals who provide comprehensive medication management across a majority of health care settings. These clinicians have numerous responsibilities, which may include teaching, administrative, and scholarly responsibilities in addition to patient care activities. Many clinical pharmacists report a high degree of burnout and stress. In addition, practice models with limited options for buy‐downs or stipends (eg, for committees, projects, or residency program director roles), inability to generate revenue for services provided, public perception, and little upward mobility for career advancement have led to a perceived trend of clinical pharmacists leaving practice to pursue careers removed from patient care that favor work‐life balance. The purpose of this review is to summarize factors associated with premature attrition of clinical pharmacists, call attention to this trend, and provide suggestions for improvements.
How body patterning might have worked in the evolution of arthropods—A case study of the mystacocarid Derocheilocaris remanei (Crustacea, Oligostraca)
Authors: Fritsch Martin , Richter Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBody organization within arthropods is enormously diverse, but a fusion of segments into “functional groups” (tagmatization) is found in all species. Within Tetraconata/Pancrustacea, an anterior head, a locomotory thorax region, and a posterior, mostly limbless tagma known as the abdomen is present. The posterior‐most tagma in crustaceans is frequently confused with the malacostracan, for example, decapod pleon often misleadingly termed abdomen, however, its evolutionary and developmental origin continues to pose a riddle, especially the completely limbless abdomen of the “entomostracan morphotype” (e.g., fairy shrimps). Since the discovery of Hox genes and their involvement in specifying the morphology or identity of segments, tagmata, or regions along the anteroposterior axis of an organism, only a few studies have focused on model organisms representing the “entomostracan morphotype” and used a variety of dedicated Hox genes and their transcription products to shine light on abdomen formation. The homeotic genes or the molecular processes that determine the identity of the entomostracan abdomen remain unknown to date. This study focuses on the “entomostracan morphotype” representative Derocheilocaris remanei (Mystacocarida). We present a complete overview of development throughout larval stages and investigate homeotic gene expression data using the antibody FP6.87 that binds specifically to epitopes of Ultrabithorax/Abdominal‐A proteins. Our results suggest that the abdomen in Mystacocarida is bipartite (abdomen I + abdomen II). We suggest that the limbless abdomen is an evolutionary novelty that evolved several times independently within crustaceans and which might be the result of a progressive reduction of former thoracic segments into abdominal segments.
Synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel 1,2,4‐triazole containing amidine moiety
Authors: Zhao Fenghai , Liu Yanfei , Qin Zhaohai , Wu Yanhua , Xiao Yumei , Li Jia‐Qi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnder the guidance of molecular hybridization, a series of compounds containing neonicotinoid and amidine fragments were designed and synthesized. The biological activities were evaluated againstPlutella xylostellaandAphis gossypii. Most of these compounds showed good activities withAphis gossypiiat the concentration of 500 μg/ml. The Structure–activity relationship analysis showed length and size of the alkyl group on the 1,2,4‐triazole skeleton have a significant impact on the insecticidal activity.
Parametric G‐computation for compatible indirect treatment comparisons with limited individual patient data
Authors: Remiro‐Azócar Antonio , Heath Anna , Baio Gianluca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPopulation adjustment methods such as matching‐adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) are increasingly used to compare marginal treatment effects when there are cross‐trial differences in effect modifiers and limited patient‐level data. MAIC is based on propensity score weighting, which is sensitive to poor covariate overlap and cannot extrapolate beyond the observed covariate space. Current outcome regression‐based alternatives can extrapolate but target a conditional treatment effect that is incompatible in the indirect comparison. When adjusting for covariates, one must integrate or average the conditional estimate over the relevant population to recover a compatible marginal treatment effect. We propose a marginalization method based on parametric G‐computation that can be easily applied where the outcome regression is a generalized linear model or a Cox model. The approach views the covariate adjustment regression as a nuisance model and separates its estimation from the evaluation of the marginal treatment effect of interest. The method can accommodate a Bayesian statistical framework, which naturally integrates the analysis into a probabilistic framework. A simulation study provides proof‐of‐principle and benchmarks the method's performance against MAIC and the conventional outcome regression. Parametric G‐computation achieves more precise and more accurate estimates than MAIC, particularly when covariate overlap is poor, and yields unbiased marginal treatment effect estimates under no failures of assumptions. Furthermore, the marginalized regression‐adjusted estimates provide greater precision and accuracy than the conditional estimates produced by the conventional outcome regression, which are systematically biased because the measure of effect is non‐collapsible.
Orodispersible films based on jambolan juice and natural extracts: Development, characterization and sensory evaluation
Authors: da Costa Bianca S. , Chambi Hulda N. M. , Kassardjian Daniel C. , Schmidt Flávio L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe orodispersible films (ODFs) are ultra‐thin films that dissolve rapidly within the oral cavity. These can be used to carry vitamins, nutraceutical compounds and drugs. Generally, its formulated with synthetic polymers and artificial colorants. Due to growing consumer interest in healthier products, it is necessary to study the use of natural materials for ODF production, such as fruit juices and natural extracts. In this study, ODFs were prepared using pectin, jambolan juice and extracts of guaco, pomegranate, clove or cinnamon in different concentrations. The impact of the addition of natural extracts in different concentrations was evaluated by the following properties of the films: swelling, disintegration time, tensile strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus, work of adhesion, visual and sensory.ResultsThe films showed a visually homogeneous purple color, slowly disintegrating (from 1.1 ± 0.1 to 2.2 ± 0.1 min), flexible, and adherent enough independently of the extract used. The anthocyanin present in the jambolan juice (6.58 ± 0.02 mg g−1) contributed higher antioxidant capacity shown by the ODF (198–292 μMol TEg−1). The sensory evaluation reveals that the films presented adequate acceptance for a new kind of product.ConclusionThe results indicate the use of jambolan juice and natural extracts is suitable for the formulation of ODFs as a healthy product, maintaining technological properties.