bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pearlite Spheroidisation and Microstructure Refinement Through Heavy Warm Deformation of Hot Rolled 55VNb Microalloyed Steel
Authors: Montaña Y. , Idoyaga Z. , Gutiérrez I. , Iza-Mendia A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The microstructure evolution of 55VNb microalloyed steel during warm deformation via single pass uniaxial compression was researched, and the effect of deformation conditions on dynamic spheroidisation of cementite lamellae and ferrite conditioning for a range of deformation temperatures (600 °C to 700 °C) and strain rates (1 to 10 s−1) analysed. Cementite lamellae appear to subdivide irrespective of deformation temperature with the ferrite phase penetrating the pattern formed by the cementite crystallites, in turn confirming that the dissolution of this phase during deformation is an important mechanism leading to the break-up of plates and subsequent globulisation. EBSD measurements allowed orientation gradients leading to the final subdivision of the cementite to be determined. Ferrite softening during heavy warm deformation is attributed to dynamic recovery and continuous dynamic recrystallisation, although the evolution of this phase depends, to a great extent, on the region subject to study, as confirmed by local EBSD studies. Misorientation profiles obtained in different regions of ferrite and pearlite enabled the different stages of the microstructural evolution to be monitored for each phase, this being developed via a variety of mechanisms under the same deformation conditions. Finally, the increase in low angle boundary density correlates with the Zenner–Hollomon parameter, and a linear relation between the density of low angle boundaries and steady-state stress estimated for pearlite and ferrite was found, indicating that new boundaries would have been formed dynamically during deformation. High angle boundary density also increases with deformation, although this is almost irrespective of the temperature and strain rate applied.
Entire Solutions of Linear Systems of Moment Differential Equations and Related Asymptotic Growth at Infinity
Authors: Lastra A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe general entire solution to a linear system of moment differential equations is obtained in terms of a moment kernel function for generalized summability, and the Jordan decomposition of the matrix defining the problem. The growth at infinity of any solution of the system is also determined, both globally and also following rays to infinity, determining the order and type of such solutions.
The evolution of mining employment during the resource boom and bust cycle in Australia
Authors: Foo Nam , Salim Ruhul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mining employment in Australia can be cyclical and volatile. Since the gold rush in the 1850s, Australia has experienced two major mining booms. The first was in the 1970s and the second (i.e., the mineral boom) was in the mid-2000s and so it is important to have a discussion about trends in the Australian mining industry and about employment during mining cycles. This study employs Australian mining industry data to investigate sectoral labor mobility (moving from one industry to another) when the business cycles have changed. This research has used quarterly data from 1950q1 to 2018q4 for several industries such as mining, the building and construction industry, rental, hiring and real estate services, transport, postal and warehousing, agriculture, forestry and fishing, and manufacturing to conduct an empirical analysis. The findings of this study provide evidence that the sectoral shift of mining employment in Australia’s mineral and resource industry is highly correlated and dependent on the world economic circumstances. What happens in the world economies has an important bearing on how shocks are transmitted to the Australian mining industry and other sectors. The study also shows that displaced mining workers move around from one industry to another. In particular, the building and construction, agricultural, fishing and forestry, manufacturing, and real estate industries are found to be highly affected by the movement of labor.
Sustainable reclamation practices for a large surface coal mine in shortgrass prairie, semiarid environment (Wyoming, USA): case study
Authors: Krzyszowska Waitkus Anna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSustainable reclamation practices for large surface coal mines in USA semiarid environment contribute to the quality of the environmental on a long term basis where environmental resources are protected for future generation. Land, after reclamation, must be suitable for the previous use of greatest economic or social values to the community area. In the semiarid climate of USA, non-developed land is mainly utilized for crops, grazing, and wildlife. Completion of various stages of the reclamation processes includes verification and approval of reclamation criteria and performance standards created by state agencies. The sustainable reclamation practices were investigated at the USA’s largest surface coal mine of the semiarid environment in Wyoming. These practices include building post-mining topography to the approximate original contour and reestablish a stable hydrologic system to drain surface water. All available spoil material is backfilled and graded to achieve the post-mining topography which closely resembles the pre-mining topography. No overburden material or other coal waste material is left in stockpiles at the mine. Detailed planning until the end of mining, the knowledge of available volumes of suitable backfill material and soil is necessary for sustainable management practices. Diverse and permanent vegetation capable of stabilizing soil surfaces and capable of self-regeneration is established. Sustainable management of the reclamation effort is achieved by enforcement processes developed by the state and federal agencies. Monthly inspections of mining and reclamation operations and reviews of annual reports submitted by the operator help determine if the reclamation processes are occurring according to the permit plan.
Vision for Improving Pregnancy Health: Innovation and the Future of Pregnancy Research
Authors: Roberts James M. , Heider Dominik , Bergman Lina , Thornburg Kent L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUnderstanding, predicting, and preventing pregnancy disorders have been a major research target. Nonetheless, the lack of progress is illustrated by research results related to preeclampsia and other hypertensive pregnancy disorders. These remain a major cause of maternal and infant mortality worldwide. There is a general consensus that the rate of progress toward understanding pregnancy disorders lags behind progress in other aspects of human health. In this presentation, we advance an explanation for this failure and suggest solutions. We propose that progress has been impeded by narrowly focused research training and limited imagination and innovation, resulting in the failure to think beyond conventional research approaches and analytical strategies. Investigations have been largely limited to hypothesis-generating approaches constrained by attempts to force poorly defined complex disorders into a single “unifying” hypothesis. Future progress could be accelerated by rethinking this approach. We advise taking advantage of innovative approaches that will generate new research strategies for investigating pregnancy abnormalities. Studies should begin before conception, assessing pregnancy longitudinally, before, during, and after pregnancy. Pregnancy disorders should be defined by pathophysiology rather than phenotype, and state of the art agnostic assessment of data should be adopted to generate new ideas. Taking advantage of new approaches mandates emphasizing innovation, inclusion of large datasets, and use of state of the art experimental and analytical techniques. A revolution in understanding pregnancy-associated disorders will depend on networks of scientists who are driven by an intense biological curiosity, a team spirit, and the tools to make new discoveries.
The Impact of Culture Medium on Morphokinetics of Cleavage Stage Embryos: An Observational Study
Authors: van Duijn Linette , Rousian Melek , Kramer Charlotte S. , van Marion Eva S. , Willemsen Sten P. , Speksnijder Jeroen P. , Laven Joop S. E. , Steegers-Theunissen Régine P. M. , Baart Esther B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo study the impact of culture media on preimplantation morphokinetics used for predicting clinical outcomes. All IVF and ICSI cycles performed between 2012 and 2017 with time-lapse information available were included. In November 2014, culture medium was changed from Vitrolife G-1 PLUS to SAGE 1-Step. Each embryo was retrospectively assigned a morphokinetic-based KIDScore for prediction of implantation. Clinical outcomes were retrieved from medical records. Linear mixed models were used to study differences in morphokinetic parameters, a proportional odds model for KIDScore ranking and logistic regression for differences in clinical outcomes. All analyses were adjusted for patient and treatment characteristics. In 253 (63.1%) cycles, embryos (n = 671) were cultured in Vitrolife, and in 148 (36.9%) cycles, embryos (n = 517) were cultured in SAGE. All cleavage divisions occurred earlier for SAGE embryos than for Vitrolife embryos (2-cell: -2.28 (95%CI: -3.66, -0.89), 3-cell: -2.34 (95%CI: -4.00, -0.64), 4-cell: -2.41 (95%CI: -4.11, -0.71), 5-cell: -2.54 (95%CI: -4.90, -0.18), 6-cell: -3.58 (95%CI: -6.08, -1.08), 7-cell: -5.62 (95%CI: -8.80, -2.45) and 8-cell: -5.32 (95%CI: -9.21, -1.42) hours, respectively). Significantly more embryos cultured in SAGE classified for the highest KIDScore compared to embryos cultured in Vitrolife (p < 0.001). No differences were observed in clinical outcomes. Our results demonstrate an impact of culture medium on preimplantation embryo developmental kinetics, which affects classification within the KIDScore algorithm, while pregnancy outcomes were comparable between the groups. This study underscores the need to include the type of culture medium in the development of morphokinetic-based embryo selection tools.
086 Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Increase Compliance to Intracavernosal Injection Use (ICI) Following Radical Prostatectomy (RP): Preliminary Results from a Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Nelson CJ , Tutino R , Joshi N , Schofield E , Mulhall JP 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
ICI is the cornerstone of many erectile rehabilitation programs (ERP). However, compliance with ICI is historically low. This study tests a novel psychological intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) concepts to help men reduce avoidance to ICI and commit to an ERP.

Methods
This ongoing study recruits men starting in our ERP. The recruitment goal is N=220. Subjects are randomized to ERP+ACT or ERP+Enhanced Monitoring and Education (EME). ERP+ACT receive ERP plus 3 ACT Sessions (30-45min) and 10 ACT Booster Sessions (10min). ERP+EME receive ERP plus 3 EME Sessions (30-45min) and 10 EME Booster Sessions (10min) delivered by a nurse practitioner who monitors ICI use, answers questions, and provides education. The interventions are delivered over a year. Eligibility includes: within 9m post RP; functional pre-RP erections (≥6/10). Subjects are assessed at entry and every 6m for two years. The primary outcomes are number of penile injections/week (verified by syringe count), and compliance (defined as ≥2 injections/week). Secondary outcomes are: ED treatment satisfaction, sexual self-esteem and relationship quality, sexual bother, prostate cancer treatment regret, the psychological impact of cancer, and depressive symptoms. Preliminary 6m data is presented. Groups are compared with ANCOVA. Since these are preliminary analyses, if differences were not statistically significant, effect sizes (d) are reported (d=0.2, small effect; d=0.5, medium effect; d=0.8, large effect).

Results
To date, 120 subjects have been randomized; 62 have completed the 6m assessment (ACT n=33, EME n=29). The mean age was 60±7 years and 81% were married. The mean erectile function grade pre-RP was 8.9±1 (0-10 scale). At 6m, the ACT group utilized more injections/week vs. the EM group (median: 2.06 vs. 1.17, p=0.01) and were more compliant with ICI vs. the EM group (70% vs. 45%, p=0.05, RR=1.55). The ACT group reported greater: satisfaction with ED treatment (d=0.6) and overall sexual relationship (d=0.2). The ACT group also reported lower: sexual bother (d=0.2), prostate cancer treatment regret (d=0.3), negative psychological impact of cancer (d=0.3), and depressive symptoms (d=0.2).

Conclusion
Preliminary analysis suggests ACT significantly increases ICI use. Data also indicate ACT helps increase men's satisfaction with injections and sexual relationship, while reducing sexual bother, prostate cancer treatment regret, the psychological impact of cancer, and depressive symptoms.

Source of funding
National Institutes of Health: R01 CA 190636

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
172 Comparing Patient Satisfaction in Penile Prosthesis Surgery after Radical Prostatectomy Versus the General Population.
Authors: Howell S. , Palasi S. , Green T. , Kannady C. , Slaughter K. , Wang R. , Yang B. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Penile prosthesis surgery (PPS) is currently a widely used treatment option for ED. Men who receive PPS following radical prostatectomy (RP) are generally satisfied with the outcome.

Objective
This study seeks to examine patient satisfaction with PPS and to determine if a difference in satisfaction exists in post-prostatectomy ED patients versus the general population. We hypothesize that the etiology of ED does not affect patient satisfaction following PPS.

Methods
164 patients who received PPS at our institution from August 2017 to December 2019 were given a validated 14 item questionnaire, Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS), to assess their satisfaction with PPS. 102 patients responded at 6 months following surgery and were enrolled in this study. These patients’ charts were retrospectively reviewed for demographic information and information regarding the etiology of their ED. Patients were then assigned to one of two groups: patients with post-prostatectomy ED (study) and all other etiologies (control). We found no significant difference in age or race between the two groups. Patients in the study group were further assigned to a subgroup based on the specific procedure they had received: radical prostatectomy (RP) or radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP).

Results
Responses to three questions were analyzed: overall satisfaction, whether the procedure met expectations in the past four weeks, and confidence in ability to participate in sexual activity. Chi-square analysis was performed to determine the difference in the distribution of response rates. There was no difference in reported overall satisfaction (p=0.96), expectations (p=0.78), or confidence (p=0.78) between post-prostatectomy patients and all other etiologies of ED. On subgroup analysis, there was no difference in reported overall satisfaction (p=0.47) or confidence (p=0.080) between patients with RP compared to patients with RCP. RP and RCP patients differed in whether the PPS met expectations (p=0.033). ‘RP patients reported a mean of 3.5/4 compared to CRP patients who reported an average value of 3.0/4.

Conclusions
Our analysis suggests that the distribution of responses to the EDITS questionnaire are not significantly different between patients whose etiology of ED is post-prostatectomy compared to all other etiologies. Overall satisfaction, whether the treatment meets expectations, and confidence in the ability to participate in sexual relations are not significantly different between these patients.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
188 Improvement of Erectile Dysfunction in Germ Cell Tumor Survivors
Authors: Okada K. , Fujita K. , Fukuhara S. , Imanaka T. , Kuribayashi S. , Sekii Y. , Takezawa K. , Kiuchi H. , Nonomura N. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common malignant neoplasms in adolescents and young adults, and most patients with these tumors can be completely cured. Therefore, maintaining quality of life (QOL) is important. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one factor that reduces the QOL of GCT survivors.

Objective
We aimed to clarify the relationship between ED and age, follow-up period, serum levels of hormones, and treatment methods for GCT survivors.

Methods
We evaluated ED using the Sexual Health Inventory for Men questionnaire (SHIM) and measured serum levels of hormones in survivors after GCT treatment. The relationships between the SHIM score responses and age, serum levels of hormones, follow-up period, and treatment methods were assessed using a logistic analysis.

Results
Fifty-two GCT survivors were enrolled and 46 survivors completed the SHIM. The median age, follow-up period, and SHIM score were 38 years, 35 months, and 18, respectively. Regarding the SHIM scores, 85% had scores &lt;22 and 46% had scores &lt;17. The percentage of SHIM scores &lt;17 was 69% in patients with under 2 years of follow-up. It significantly improved to 33% in patients with over 2 years of follow-up. The multivariate analysis identified the follow-up period as an independent factor for SHIM scores &lt;17. Age, serum levels of hormone, and treatment method were not significant factors for SHIM scores &lt;17.

Conclusions
Improvement of SHIM score can be expected after GCT treatment regardless of age, serum levels of hormone, and treatment method.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
267 Vaginismus: An Overview
Authors: Laskowska A , Gronowski P 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Vaginismus is defined as a penetration disorder in which any form of vaginal penetration is often painful or impossible. It has traditionally been referred to as an involuntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles due to actual or anticipated pain associated with vaginal penetration. Vaginismus is predominantly unknown among clinicians and women. Vaginismus causes women to feel pain, fear and anxiety with penetration attempts. It is a poorly understood and underdiagnosed condition, for which many women do not gain support. This is due to the lack of knowledge of the condition, for the shame and embarrassment felt by vaginismus sufferers which means many do not discuss the issue.

Objective
Vaginismus is commonly experienced medical issue, affecting about 1-7% of the female population worldwide. Female pain is often viewed not as a medical fact, but as a misimpression or misinterpretation of bodily events. Vaginismus is not the only condition that has been placed in context of neglect. Other sexual pain disorders, such as vestibulodynia, vulvodynia and dyspareunia, have also been met with doubt and disbelief. An examination of the disbelief surrounding female reportage of their own bodily events will not only be beneficial in terms of perception of vaginismus, but also for general women's health.

Methods
This systematic review will provide an assessment of the current state of vaginismus. The following databases has been searched from the study inception to July 2021: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library), PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web Of Science, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, UpToDate, Polish Medical Bibliography and consultations of Polish specialists and discussion forums of patients have been used.

Results
Vaginismus influences the quality of life, in the most serious form it can result in unconsumated marriage, sterility and thus can lead to the separation of a couple. When adequately approached, the problem can mostly be solved.

Conclusions
Vaginismus is a common and significant sexual problem that causes distress and frustration for both partners. There are women for whom vaginismus is a serious problem and who are not able to cope with the situation without professional help of specialists. Deepening the specialists knowledge in this field is essential for successful treatment.
Vaginismus is a well recognized clinical condition associated with non-consummation and considerable distress in women. It has received little scientific attention, and further well designed studies are needed.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
269 Sexual Dysfunction and Satisfaction in Tunisian Couples During Postpartum: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Abidi I , Bettaieb H , Frikha M , Halouani S , Mbarki W , Boufarguine R , Gabsi H , Oueslati H , Mbarki C 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Female sexual dysfunction is known to have a huge impact on quality of life and is highly prevalent during the postpartum period. Males are afraid of hurting a female and females are afraid of insufficient satisfaction of a male partner. Several influencing variables were found to be associated with impaired sexual function postpartum.

Objective
Our study aims to evaluate sexual satisfaction in the postpartum period and identify predictors of postpartum sexual activity.

Methods
Between November 2018 and December 2019, 150 women in their third trimester of pregnancy were enrolled in a prospective cohort study at gynecology and obstetrics Department-Ben Arous Regional Hospital. after childbirth were evaluated at 6 months postpartum and was assessed using validated self-report questionnaires: Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) validated Arabic version. This questionnaire evaluates the different parameters of female sexual function, recommended by the American Foundation for Health and Sexual Function. The collected data were systematically transcribed into a database and database, and their analysis was carried out with the help of the statistical software "SPSS 21" with the use of chi-square tests, and the ANOVA method.

Results
The mean score on the FSFI satisfaction domain was 3.62 postpartum, compared with 4.38 during pregnancy.
After delivery, 30% of women were not satisfied with their sexual activity.
At six months postpartum, the degree of satisfaction was significantly associated with the route of delivery (p = 0,01), breastfeeding (p = 0,04) and contraception (p =0,03)

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that breastfeeding women, vaginal delivery and contraception have an increased likelihood of sexual functioning problems 6-month postpartum
Health-care providers need to be encouraged to counsel on postpartum sexuality and influencing factors during prenatal classes to foster a positive approach to postpartum sexuality.

Disclosure
Work supported by industry: no.
Is China Responsible for Its Maritime Militia's Internationally Wrongful Acts? The Attribution of the Conduct of a Parastatal Entity to the State
Authors: Yoo Su Jin , Koo Min Gyo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChina's maritime militia groups have attracted much scholarly attention in recent years. Systematically funded and trained by the Chinese authorities, the militia groups help advance China's maritime claims but risk both intended and unintended physical clashes at sea. Based on the 2001 Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, this study explores the possibility of establishing and recognizing China's state responsibility in relation to the internationally wrongful conduct of its maritime militia. China's maritime militia groups blur the line between fishing boats and naval forces. In essence, they are empowered to perform the critical function of the Chinese government as provided by Chinese internal laws. As shown by emerging evidence, China's maritime militia groups are also instructed, directed, and/or controlled by the Chinese state organs including military authority and party leadership, both central and local. This study finds that the conduct of Chinese maritime militia constitutes the breach of China's international obligations in terms of (1) due regard for other states, (2) maritime safety, (3) marine environment protection and preservation, and/or (4) the overfishing ban.