bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Coronavirus: the metamorphosis as the essence of the phenomenon
Authors: Pietrantonio Filomena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper is an insight on a front-line doctor’s experience of Coronavirus in Italy, in an Internal Medicine ward transformed to a COVID-19 ward. Using content analysis were analyzed 52 destructurated interviews to “Covid clinicians” in the “Ospedale dei Castelli” hospital structure in Rome, Italy. Thematic analysis was performed to recognize common topics in the interviews. Finally, a correlation between the 5 Ovid’s forces (love and thirst for knowledge—positive ones—anger, envy and fear—negative ones) and Narrative Medicine scenarios (Physician and Patients, Physician and Society, Physician and Self, Physician and Colleagues) is described. Coronavirus is a “tsunami” by confrontation with the poet Ovid’s five driving forces. Covid-19 never gave health-workers a chance to draw breath for a moment themselves, as presentation and treatment hypotheses changed at dizzying speed, constantly forcing them to modify and adapt established procedures and behavior as the pandemic evolved. Every scenarios present a correlation with at least one positive and one negative force (Physician and Patients: love and anger, Physician and Self: Fear and Thirst for Knowledge, Physician and Colleagues: Thirst for Knowledge and Envy, Physician and Society: Love, Fear and Anger). Many healthcare workers who came face-to-face with the magnitude of this emergency are able in some way to contextualize the social implications of this experience, which paradoxically has some positive aspects, having let them discover newfound courage, resourcefulness, and hope. Negative forces result from too strong positive emotions and they are a signal of deteriorated relationships and an alarm bell of clinician’s burn-out. Covid era has been defined by the lack of emergency preparedness, together with lack of international coordination and media reports generating terror. People can defeat Covid by combatting against terror of the heart, by finding passion and courage and by dealing honestly with the fear of disease and death.
Using social media to crowdsource collection of urine samples during a national pandemic
Authors: Ward Elijah P. , Bartolone Sarah N. , Sharma Prasun , Chancellor Michael B. , Lamb Laura E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown had a substantial impact on normal research operations. Researchers needed to adapt their methods to engage at-home participants. One method is crowdsourcing, in which researchers use social media to recruit participants, gather data, and collect samples. We utilized this method to develop a diagnostic test for Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS). Participants were recruited via posts on popular social-media platforms, and enrolled via a website. Participants received and returned a mail kit containing bladder symptom surveys and a urine sample cup containing room-temperature preservative. Using this method, we collected 1254 IC/BPS and control samples in 3 months from all 50 United States. Our data demonstrate that crowdsourcing is a viable alternative to traditional research, with the ability to reach a broad patient population rapidly. Crowdsourcing is a powerful tool for at-home participation in research, particularly during the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Immigrant Volunteering: A Form of Citizenship from Below
Authors: Ambrosini Maurizio , Artero Maurizio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImmigrant volunteering is a disputed topic. For some scholars, an important instrument for the social integration of immigrants, while others frame immigrant volunteerism as a regime of 'ethical citizenship' centred around the paradigms of 'civic integration' and 'deservingness'. Our research collected the experiences of hundreds of migrant volunteers in Italy (658 questionnaires plus 89 in-depth interviews) to address three research questions in particular: immigrant volunteers' levels of social inclusion, their reasons for volunteering, and the links between volunteering and other forms of social and political participation. Our findings show that volunteering is more dependent on social integration than on social marginality, represents a way to achieve a higher level of social integration, and can be framed as a way to perform active citizenship and anti-xenophobic claims. In particular, volunteering allows immigrant to present themselves as active subjects, oppose demeaning stereotypes, and express political commitment. Ultimately, this substantiates a form of citizenship ‘from below’ that re-writes the script of citizenship and enriches it with new ideas of entitlements and belongings.
Transition from Military Service: Mental Health and Well-being Among Service Members and Veterans with Service-connected Disabilities
Authors: Bond Gary R. , Al-Abdulmunem Monirah , Drake Robert E. , Davis Lori L. , Meyer Thomas , Gade Daniel M. , Frueh B. Christopher , Dickman Ross B. , Ressler Daniel R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTransitioning from military service is stressful for veterans with service-connected disabilities seeking civilian employment. This descriptive study examined self-assessed mental health, well-being, and substance use of men and women shortly before or after transition from US military service, compared to norms from community and military samples. As part of a prospective study evaluating an innovative employment program, researchers interviewed 229 current and former service members with service-connected disabilities transitioning from U.S. military service. Compared to published norms, respondents reported significantly poorer outcomes on 5 of 6 standardized measures, indicating less life satisfaction, poorer mental health, more symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder, and greater financial distress. In the previous year, 42% were prescribed opioid medications, over twice the annual opioid prescription rate of 19% in the general US population. Systematic strategies are needed to ensure access for transitioning veterans with serious behavioral health issues to appropriate evidence-based practices.
Chest X-ray versus chest computed tomography for outcome prediction in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Borghesi Andrea , Golemi Salvatore , Scrimieri Alessandra , Nicosia Costanza Maria Carlotta , Zigliani Angelo , Farina Davide , Maroldi Roberto 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the prognostic value of chest X-ray (CXR) and chest computed tomography (CT) in a group of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. For this study, we retrospectively selected a cohort of 106 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who underwent both CXR and chest CT at admission. For each patient, the pulmonary involvement was ranked by applying the Brixia score for CXR and the percentage of well-aerated lung (WAL) for CT. The Brixia score was assigned at admission (A-Brixia score) and during hospitalization. During hospitalization, only the highest score (H-Brixia score) was considered. At admission, the percentage of WAL (A-CT%WAL) was quantified using a dedicated software. On logistic regression analyses, H-Brixia score was the most effective radiological marker for predicting in-hospital mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation. Additionally, A-CT%WAL did not provide substantial advantages in the risk stratification of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 compared to A-Brixia score.
Osteoporosis in Europe: a compendium of country-specific reports
Authors: Willers Carl , Norton Nicholas , Harvey Nicholas C , Jacobson Trolle , Johansson Helena , Lorentzon Mattias , McCloskey Eugene V , Borgström Fredrik , Kanis John A ,   the SCOPE review panel of the IOF
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Summary
This report describes epidemiology, burden, and treatment of osteoporosis in each of the 27 countries of the European Union plus Switzerland and the UK (EU 27+2).

Introduction
The aim of this report was to characterize the burden of osteoporosis in each of the countries of the European Union plus Switzerland and the UK in 2019 and beyond.

Methods
The data on fracture incidence and costs of fractures in the EU27+2 was taken from a concurrent publication in this journal (SCOPE 2021: a new scorecard for osteoporosis in Europe) and country-specific information extracted. The information extracted covered four domains: burden of osteoporosis and fractures; policy framework; service provision; and service uptake.

Results
The clinical and economic burden of osteoporotic fractures in 2019 is given for each of the 27 countries of the EU plus Switzerland and the UK. Each domain was ranked and the country performance set against the scorecard for all nations studied. Data were also compared with the first SCOPE undertaken in 2010. Fifteen of the 16 score card metrics on healthcare provision were used in the two surveys. Scores had improved or markedly improved in 15 countries, remained constant in 8 countries and worsened in 3 countries. The average treatment gap increased from 55% in 2010 to 71% in 2019. Overall, 10.6 million women who were eligible for treatment were untreated in 2010. In 2019, this number had risen to 14.0 million.

Conclusions
In spite of the high cost of osteoporosis, a substantial treatment gap and projected increase of the economic burden driven by aging populations, the use of pharmacological prevention of osteoporosis has decreased in recent years, suggesting that a change in healthcare policy concerning the disease is warranted.
On the Influence of AlSi10Mg Powder Recycling Behavior in the LPBF Process and Consequences for Mechanical Properties
Authors: Weiss C. , Haefner C. L. , Munk J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBy using additive manufacturing techniques like the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process, parts can be manufactured with high material efficiency because unfused powder material can be reconditioned and reused in consecutive manufacturing jobs. Nevertheless, process by-products like spatters may influence the powder quality and hence alter the mechanical properties/performance of parts. In order to investigate these dependencies, a methodology and a standard build job for the recycling behavior of the lightweight aluminum alloy AlSi10Mg was developed and built with ageing powder in 10 consecutive jobs with no refreshing between the cycles. The powder properties and mechanical performance of parts at static load for two build directions (horizontally and vertically to substrate plate) was evaluated. The influence of build height effects on mechanical performance was investigated as well. The findings may indicate that the coarsening of the powder material during recycling could lead to improved mechanical properties for the AlSi10Mg alloy.
Preparation of superhydrophobic titanium surface via the combined modification of hierarchical micro/nanopatterning and fluorination
Authors: Wang Zhen , Ren Bing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdhesion of bacteria and platelets on blood-contact implants and surgical devices is one of the causes of infections and thrombus. A superhydrophobic surface serving as a protective layer can minimize adhesion and contamination due to the low surface energy. The objective of this paper is to construct a superhydrophobic surface on a titanium implant by a combination of a topological structure and chemical coating. First, a micro/nano hierarchical morphology is obtained by sandblasting, acid-etching, and anodic oxidation. Then, a low surface energy coating material (fluoroalkylsilane, as the example case in this study) is used to modify the surface further. The effects of the morphology of micro and/or nanoscales and corresponding fluorination on the wettability are investigated. The results show that a hierarchical surface with microroughness and nanotubes is successfully constructed, and the contact angle (CA) is 44.9°, indicating good hydrophilicity. Interestingly, after being modified by fluoroalkylsilane, the surface converted from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic with a CA of 151.4°. In contrast, the fluorination modification of single micro or nanofeatures cannot achieve superhydrophobicity, indicating that the micro/nanostructures may show a synergistic effect for an efficient fluorination coating later on. Overall, our results demonstrate the feasibility of achieving a superhydrophobic surface via the micro/nano topological patterning and fluorination modification. The proposed method is expected to enrich the preparation technologies of superhydrophobic titanium surfaces.

Graphic abstract
Assessment of the Antitumor Activity of Green Biosynthesized Zinc Nanoparticles as Therapeutic Agent Against Renal Cancer in Rats
Authors: El-Sonbaty Sawsan , Kandil Eman I. , Haroun Riham Abdel-Hamid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractZinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) have garnered a great deal of attention as potential cancer therapy. The use of microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as an eco-friendly and exciting approach. This study was designed to assess biosynthesized Zn-NPs as therapeutic agent against kidney cancer induced by ferric-nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) in rats.Zn-NPs were synthesized from edible mushroom then characterized by transmission electron microscopy analysis, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Rats were divided into 4 different groups: group I (control), group II (Fe-NTA group), group III (Zn-NPs group), and group IV (Fe-NTA + Zn-NPs group). Animals were sacrificed then kidney and liver function tests, MDA level, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities were measured by using colorimetric methods. Caspase-3 level and carcinoembryonic antigen concentration were measured by using ELISA. Finally, DNA fragmentation was visualized by using agarose gel electrophoresis.Treatment with Zn-NPs significantly suppressed renal oxidative stress by restoring glutathione level, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities and ameliorated oxidative damage parameters of lipid peroxidation as well as renal toxicity markers. Molecular and tumor markers showed significant improvement with respect to induction group, and this was well appreciated with the histopathological alteration findings in the treated groups.Microbial synthesized Zn-NPs possess antitumor-promoting activity against Fe-NTA-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis, which should be evaluated in a clinical study.
Reading and reacting to faces, the effect of facial mimicry in improving facial emotion recognition in individuals with antisocial behavior and psychopathic traits
Authors: Kyranides Melina Nicole , Petridou Maria , Gokani Heema Ajeet , Hill Sam , Fanti Kostas A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIndividuals with antisocial behavior and psychopathic traits are characterized by deficits in processing facial expressions, which results in poor social adaptation and dysfunctional interpersonal relationships. However, it is not clear how individuals with varying levels of these traits differ in this emotional impairment and if these deficits are due to correctly identifying or reacting appropriately to facial expressions. The aim of the study was to examine how individuals with these traits recognized and responded to affective facial expressions by using FaceReader software (which analyses footage of faces) across different experimental conditions (imitation, suppression, and control). Imitating facial expressions was introduced to examine whether it could direct participants’ attention to the facial cues and improve participants’ performance on the facial task. A total of 643 individuals from the community were pre-screened and a sample (N = 107; M age = 21.08, SD = 1.55), differentiated on levels of antisocial personality disorder (APD) symptoms and psychopathic (PSY) traits, who were selected based on extreme scores (high/low), were invited to participate in the study. Individuals with higher levels of APD symptoms and PSY traits (APD + PSY) expressed more anger than other groups, while those in the APD-only group expressed more sadness, compared to other groups. Overall, participants were compliant in following the instructions to imitate facial expressions. However, only the group with predominantly APD symptoms and the group with combined symptoms (APD + PSY) showed improvement in their accuracy ratings specifically when instructed to imitate facial expressions, compared to when no instructions were provided. The study offers a promising direction for targeting deficits in facial emotion recognition, suggesting that the deficits found in individuals with behavioral problems (with and without psychopathic traits) can be improved by asking them to imitate facial expressions.
Determinants of marginal area reforestation in the Western Carpathians in the light of consecutive aerial photographs
Authors: Sobala Michał 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe quantification of reforestation on abandoned land is of high importance due to various environmental and socio-economic consequences. This article aims to determine the role of different factors in the reforestation of abandoned plots in particular mid-forest glades in the higher parts of the Western Carpathians and to detect the feature of plots covered prevalently with forest. The Reforestation Index (RI) was used to detect changes in reforestation. Bayesian multilevel zero-one inflated beta regression was used to determine the predictors of reforestation. Using the series of consecutive aerial photographs enabled the differences between features of plots with a faster rate of reforestation and plots covered entirely with forest to be shown. The most rapid changes in the RI were observed in plots with the lowest level of solar radiation (north exposure). In contrast, the highest RI concerns plots with south exposure, the highest mean slope, and within plots partly forested in the first year of observation. Such an attitude is crucial for areas where the precise date of land abandonment is unknown because it enables a determination of which type of plot was abandoned first.
Impacts and Implications for Advancing in Environmental Knowledge in Hospitality Industry in COVID Society: a Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Aurora , Cegarra-Navarro Juan-Gabriel , Cobo Manuel-Jesús , de Valon Tiphaine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnvironmental knowledge is attracting interest in the area of sustainability due to the importance of both the environment and knowledge. As tourism is one of the biggest employers and sectors of economic development, environmental knowledge in hospitality represents a worldwide challenge. The present study aims to provide a clear understanding of the impacts and implications of environmental knowledge in the hospitality industry in a COVID society, taking into account its general areas of evolution through a systematic review methodology using a bibliographic database over time (26 years). We reviewed 944 documents collected from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database and analysed them using the Science Mapping Analysis Software Tool (SciMAT). In a world in which the environment is more deteriorated, it is important to be aware of the advance in environmental knowledge to take care of it and eliminate environmental degradation. This study adds value to the orchestration of knowledge by focusing on predictors that impact environmental knowledge. The results identify the development status and leading trends in environmental knowledge research to fall in love with the future in a COVID society. Falling in love with the future is possible in the hospitality industry.
The Complex Nexus of Evolutionary Fitness
Authors: Suárez Mauricio 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe propensity nature of evolutionary fitness has long been appreciated and is nowadays amply discussed (Abrams, 2009, 2012; Ariew & Ernst, 2009; Ariew & Lewontin, 2004; Beatty & Finsen, 1989; Brandon, 1978; Drouet & Merlin, 2015; Mills & Beatty, 1979; Millstein, 2003, 2016; Pence & Ramsey, 2013; Sober, 1984, 2001, 2013, 2019; Walsh, 2010; Walsh et al., 2016; etc). The discussion has, however, on occasion followed long standing conflations in the philosophy of probability literature between propensities, probabilities, and frequencies. In this paper, I apply a more recent conception of propensities in modelling practice (the ‘complex nexus of chance’, CNC) to some of the key issues, regarding the mathematical representation of fitness and how it may be regarded as explanatory. The ensuing complex nexus of fitness (CNF) emphasises the distinction between biological propensities and the probability distributions over offspring numbers that they give rise to; and how critical it is to distinguish the possession conditions of the underlying dispositional (physical and biological) properties from those of their probabilistic manifestations.
People Prefer Moral Discretion to Algorithms: Algorithm Aversion Beyond Intransparency
Authors: Jauernig Johanna , Uhl Matthias , Walkowitz Gari 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe explore aversion to the use of algorithms in moral decision-making. So far, this aversion has been explained mainly by the fear of opaque decisions that are potentially biased. Using incentivized experiments, we study which role the desire for human discretion in moral decision-making plays. This seems justified in light of evidence suggesting that people might not doubt the quality of algorithmic decisions, but still reject them. In our first study, we found that people prefer humans with decision-making discretion to algorithms that rigidly apply exogenously given human-created fairness principles to specific cases. In the second study, we found that people do not prefer humans to algorithms because they appreciate flesh-and-blood decision-makers per se, but because they appreciate humans’ freedom to transcend fairness principles at will. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of algorithm aversion. They indicate that emphasizing the transparency of algorithms that clearly follow fairness principles might not be the only element for fostering societal algorithm acceptance and suggest reconsidering certain features of the decision-making process.
Latest Trends in Investing for Improved Nutrition and Obesity Prevention
Authors: Robinson Ella , Carey Rachel , Foerster Anita , Sacks Gary 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The aim of this paper is to summarise current trends and new developments with regard to institutional investor actions related to nutrition and obesity prevention.

Recent Findings

Investor-related activity related to improving population diets is building, with several recent initiatives aiming to accelerate achievement of global nutrition goals. There is increasing civil society and investor activism focused on leveraging investor influence to improve nutrition-related food company actions. There are multiple sustainability-related reporting standards; however, few include comprehensive nutrition-related metrics.

Summary

There is increasing interest from institutional investors in addressing nutrition-related issues; however, investor activity in the area is piece-meal. There is a need for further integration of nutrition within current reporting frameworks. Methodological alignment across the increasing number of food industry accountability initiatives would likely help galvanise increased investor action. Some jurisdictions are introducing relevant mandatory reporting requirements, which are likely to play a key role in enhancing transparency by the food industry and financial institutions.