bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Changes Before and After Operation for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hong Zhinuan , Huang Zhixin , Chen Zhen , Kang Mingqiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo study the prognostic significance of changes in the level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) before and after surgery on the long‐term prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsPatients with ESCC who underwent radical esophagectomy (between 2010 and 2017) were divided into three groups as follows: normal group (preoperative CEA≦1.6 ng/ml), normalized group (preoperative CEA > 1.6 ng/ml and postoperative CEA≦1.6 ng/ml) and non‐normalized group (preoperative CEA > 1.6 ng/ml and postoperative CEA > 1.6 ng/ml). The Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to construct survival curves. Cox proportional hazards regression models was used to determine the independent prognostic factors for ESCC. Variables with P < 0.1 in univariable analysis were included in the multivariable model used to determine the independent risk factors.ResultsA total of 394 patients were included. The 5‐OS rate of ESCC patients in normalized group (n = 36) and non‐normalized group (n = 161) were significantly shorter than normal group (n =197) patients (57.3% vs 58.3% vs 82.0%, P < 0.001). The difference in survival time distribution between normal group and normalized/non‐normalized group is statistically significant, P < 0.001. However, there was no statistically significant variation in survival time distribution between the normalized and non‐normalized groups, P = 0.289. In multivariate analysis, older age (> 65 years old), advanced pT‐stage, advanced pN‐stage, normalized group and non‐normalized group were independent prognostic risk factors of worse overall survival.ConclusionsESCC patients with high preoperative CEA level had poorer prognosis regardless of the changes of postoperative CEA level.
Inter-model variability of the CMIP5 future projection of Baiu, Meiyu, and Changma precipitation
Authors: Horinouchi Takeshi , Kawatani Yoshio , Sato Naoki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany studies have suggested that mean precipitation associated with the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) will be increased by the ongoing global warming, but its quantitative projection by climate models has large variability, with some models suggesting even decreases. We investigate the inter-model variability of projected centennial changes of the EASM separately for Baiu over Japan, Meiyu over eastern China, and Changma over Korea by using monthly-mean model outputs provided by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) project. Results with the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) are consolidated by normalizing with the global-mean near-surface air temperature changes. For all the three EASM land regions, inter-model differences in the mean precipitation changes are positively correlated with the southerly moisture flux changes to the south of the regions. The correlation is highest in June among the June-to-August months, whose reason may be because precipitation in early summer relies on large-scale southerly moisture transport. These changes are localized and nearly independent among the three regions where Baiu, Meiyu and Changma occur. The low-level southerly change to the south of Japan, which affects the Baiu precipitation change, is positively correlated with upper-tropospheric meridional wind to its north; it further exhibits a stationary Rossby-wave feature associated with the Silk-Road teleconnection. This study suggests that future changes in the EASM mean precipitation depend on circulation changes and more-or-less localized.
Nonlocal Harnack inequalities in the Heisenberg group
Authors: Palatucci Giampiero , Piccinini Mirco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe deal with a wide class of nonlinear integro-differential problems in the Heisenberg-Weyl group $$\mathbb {H}^n$$Hn, whose prototype is the Dirichlet problem for thep-fractional subLaplace equation. These problems arise in many different contexts in quantum mechanics, in ferromagnetic analysis, in phase transition problems, in image segmentations models, and so on, when non-Euclidean geometry frameworks and nonlocal long-range interactions do naturally occur. We prove general Harnack inequalities for the related weak solutions. Also, in the case when the growth exponent is$$p=2$$p=2, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of the fractional subLaplacian operator, and the robustness of the aforementioned Harnack estimates as the differentiability exponentsgoes to 1.
Deterioration of anterior resin composite restorations in moderate to severe tooth wear patients: 3-year results
Authors: Lima Verônica P. , Crins Luuk A. M. J. , Opdam Niek J. M. , Moraes Rafael R. , Bronkhorst Ewald M. , Huysmans Marie-Charlotte D. N. J. M. , Loomans Bas A. C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Deterioration in anterior resin composite restorations placed in tooth wear patients was investigated after 36 months.

Materials and methods
Data collected prospectively for 47 participants of the Radboud Tooth Wear Project were used (41 ± 8 years, 90% male, n = 270 restorations). Restorations were individually evaluated using intraoral photographs and 3D scans to rate modified FDI scores and to record the presence of degradation features. Four groups with distinct combinations of composites and techniques were assessed, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the data (p < 0.05).

Results
For all groups together, early degradation signs were present at 1 month: irregularities (41.5%) and ditching (7.4%) were observed at the surface and adhesive interfaces. The frequency of irregularities decreased in the 36-month evaluation (37%), but ditching (12.2%) and fractures (10.7%) were more common. The most frequent deterioration (based on photographs) was observed for staining (44%) and loss of luster (31%). In 3D scans, the most frequent were for wear (25%), marginal adaptation (24%), and the presence of irregularities (19%). Canines had 5.5 times more chances of deterioration by ditching than incisors (p < 0.001). The differences between composites and restorative techniques were minor.

Conclusions
A continuous degradation process of restorations placed in tooth wear patients was observed in anterior teeth restored with different composites, with a progression of the deterioration over 36 months.

Clinical relevance
When placing anterior resin composite restorations in tooth wear patients, it could be important to establish realistic expectations and the need for checkup appointments.
Block avoiding point sequencings of partial Steiner systems
Authors: Horsley Daniel , Ó Catháin Padraig 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA partial$$(n,k,t)_\lambda $$

(
n
,
k
,
t
)

λ

-system is a pair $$(X,{\mathcal {B}})$$

(
X
,
B
)

where X is an n-set of vertices and $${\mathcal {B}}$$
B
is a collection of k-subsets of X called blocks such that each t-set of vertices is a subset of at most $$\lambda $$
λ
blocks. A sequencing of such a system is a labelling of its vertices with distinct elements of $$\{0,\ldots ,n-1\}$$

{
0
,
…
,
n
-
1
}

. A sequencing is $$\ell $$
ℓ
-block avoiding or, more briefly, $$\ell $$
ℓ
-good if no block is contained in a set of $$\ell $$
ℓ
vertices with consecutive labels. Here we give a short proof that, for fixed k, t and $$\lambda $$
λ
, any partial $$(n,k,t)_\lambda $$

(
n
,
k
,
t
)

λ

-system has an $$\ell $$
ℓ
-good sequencing for some $$\ell =\Theta (n^{1/t})$$

ℓ
=
Θ
(

n

1
/
t

)

as n becomes large. This improves on results of Blackburn and Etzion, and of Stinson and Veitch. Our result is perhaps of most interest in the case $$k=t+1$$

k
=
t
+
1

where results of Kostochka, Mubayi and Verstraëte show that the value of $$\ell $$
ℓ
cannot be increased beyond $$\Theta ((n \log n)^{1/t})$$

Θ
(

(
n
log
n
)

1
/
t

)

. A special case of our result shows that every partial Steiner triple system (partial $$(n,3,2)_1$$

(
n
,
3
,
2
)

1

-system) has an $$\ell $$
ℓ
-good sequencing for each positive integer $$\ell \leqslant 0.0908\,n^{1/2}$$

ℓ
⩽
0.0908

n

1
/
2

.
What can we learn about credit risk from debt valuation adjustments?
Authors: Lin Wen , Panaretou Argyro , Pawlina Grzegorz , Shakespeare Catherine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMotivated by the debate about the introduction of the fair value option for (financial) liabilities (FVOL) and the requirement to recognize and separately disclose in financial statements debt valuation adjustments (DVAs), this study explores what we can learn about a firm’s credit risk from DVAs. Using a sample of US bank holding companies that elect the FVOL, we show that DVAs generally cannot be explained by the same factors that explain contemporaneous changes in bank’s credit quality. We further find that DVAs can explain future changes in credit risk when the fair value of liabilities is based on managerial inputs (Level 3). Overall our results suggest that managers have an information advantage in estimating credit risk and that DVAs provide inside information to the market.
Automated geometric analysis of metallic components through picture recognition models for manufacturing technology assessments
Authors: Buechler Tobias , Schulz Martin , Zaeh Michael F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe selection and interaction of various manufacturing technologies are key difficulties in product development and production processes. A component’s geometry is one of the most important factors to consider when choosing the best technology. This article presents a method for an automated geometry analysis of metallic components. The goal is to analyze manufacturing technology alternatives regarding their capability to create required geometries. It also aims at short computing times since the outcome of this geometric analysis supplements a part screening methodology for the selection of the most suitable manufacturing technology for each component. To achieve a successful classification, artificial intelligence (AI) approaches are trained with images of the components that are labeled with suitable manufacturing technologies. The AI models hence learn how components of different manufacturing technologies look like and which characteristics they embody. To support the classification model, object recognition models are tested to automatically extract component features such as holes, coinages, or profile compositions. After training and comparing different AI approaches, the best performers are selected and implemented to analyze unseen image data of upcoming projects. In summary, this article’s research unifies existing AI approaches for image analyses with the field of production technology and product development. It provides a general methodology for applying image classification and object detection approaches in development processes of metallic components.
Antihypertensive Deprescribing in Older Adults: a Practical Guide
Authors: Sheppard James P. , Benetos Athanase , McManus Richard J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To summarise evidence on both appropriate and inappropriate antihypertensive drug withdrawal.

Recent Findings
Deprescribing should be attempted in the following steps: (1) identify patients with several comorbidities and significant functional decline, i.e. people at higher risk for negative outcomes related to polypharmacy and lower blood pressure; (2) check blood pressure; (3) identify candidate drugs for deprescribing; (4) withdraw medications at 4-week intervals; (5) monitor blood pressure and check for adverse events. Although evidence is accumulating regarding short-term outcomes of antihypertensive deprescribing, long-term effects remain unclear.

Summary
The limited evidence for antihypertensive deprescribing means that it should not be routinely attempted, unless in response to specific adverse events or following discussions between physicians and patients about the uncertain benefits and harms of the treatment.

Perspectives
Clinical controlled trials are needed to examine the long-term effects of deprescribing in older subjects, especially in those with comorbidities, and significant functional decline.
Environmental Impacts of Ecofriendly Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Dyes Removal and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Hammad Eman N. , Salem Salem S. , Mohamed Asem A. , El-Dougdoug Wagdi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Biosynthesized nanoparticles have a promising future since they are a more environmentally friendly, cost-effective, repeatable, and energy-efficient technique than physical or chemical synthesis. In this work, Purpureocillium lilacinum was used to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3-NPs). Characterization of mycosynthesized Fe2O3-NPs was done by using UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. UV–vis gave characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak for Fe2O3-NPs at 380 nm. TEM image reveals that the morphology of biosynthesized Fe2O3-NPs was hexagonal, and their size range between 13.13 and 24.93 nm. From the XRD analysis, it was confirmed the crystalline nature of Fe2O3 with average size 57.9 nm. Further comparative study of photocatalytic decolorization of navy blue (NB) and safranin (S) using Fe2O3-NPs was done. Fe2O3-NPs exhibited potential catalytic activity with a reduction of 49.3% and 66% of navy blue and safranin, respectively. Further, the antimicrobial activity of Fe2O3-NPs was analyzed against pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus). The Fe2O3-NPs were clearly more effective on gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) than gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). Thus, the mycosynthesized Fe2O3-NPs exhibited an ecofriendly, sustainable, and effective route for decolorization of navy blue and safranin dyes and antibacterial activity.
A combined GIS and remote sensing approach for monitoring climate change-related land degradation to support landscape preservation and planning tools: the Basilicata case study
Authors: Gabriele Marzia , Brumana Raffaella , Previtali Mattia , Cazzani Alberta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMonitoring landscapes in times of climate change patterns is a crucial issue, moreover, in the analyzed Mediterranean area, one of the major global candidates to develop land degradation stresses and consequential desertification phenomena. The research presented here is developed in the Mediterranean Basin, specifically in the Basilicata Region (southern Italy). The region is characterized by a very long history of intensive anthropization endowed by the high diversity of relatively geologically young soil types that consequentially created a vastity of spatial mosaics, which contributed to the composition of its archeolandscapes and endorsed some specific characteristics of the Mediterranean region, that evolved to respond to the human impact, including grazing, cultivation, and fires. Those key elements lead to the crucial issues of the region investigated here as soil erosion, salinization, loss of organic carbon, loss of biodiversity, and landslides, which together with deforestations, depopulation, and wildfires, define the exact framework of degradation and marginality. The evaluation of the sensitivity to degradation was performed (i) firstly at the regional scale, through a MEDALUS (Kosmas et al. 1999) approach, by implementing 6 main indicators (Soil Quality Index, Climate Quality Index, Vegetation Quality Index, Management Quality Index, Landslide Risk Index, Water Availability Index), and (ii) secondly at the mid-regional scale, through remote sensing by evaluation of the NDVI differencing thresholds in time intervals, covering a 20 years’ time span going from 2000 to 2020. The study helped to define the in-progress land degradation trends and scenarios of the region, which must be the evidence-based foundation of integrated landscape planning strategies in marginal territories, implemented through a Decision Support System (DSS) based both on ecological, climate-adaptive, and environmental indicators, and on social, cultural, and economic development co-creation strategies.
La prevenzione del diabete mellito di tipo 1
Authors: Nigi Laura , Formichi Caterina , Dotta Francesco 
Published: July 2022

SommarioIl trattamento del diabete di tipo 1 (DM1) prevede la somministrazione di insulina che tuttavia non rappresenta, com’è noto, una vera e propria “cura” per questa malattia. Negli ultimi decenni stiamo assistendo allo sviluppo di strategie preventive per il DM1 articolate su tre livelli: una prevenzione primaria finalizzata a prevenire lo sviluppo del processo autoimmune responsabile della distruzione $\beta $
β
-cellulare che caratterizza la malattia; una prevenzione secondaria per arrestare il processo autoimmunitario e impedire l’esordio clinico del diabete; una prevenzione terziaria per preservare la massa $\beta $
β
-cellulare residua e per ridurre il rischio di sviluppo delle complicanze croniche. Fra i molteplici approcci terapeutici sviluppati per impedire, ritardare o arrestare la distruzione $\beta $
β
-cellulare l’immunoterapia, in particolare, è stata ed è tutt’oggi oggetto di innumerevoli ricerche. I risultati sono tutt’altro che semplici da raggiungere, in quanto i meccanismi eziopatogenetici alla base del DM1 sono complessi e non ancora del tutto noti. Per il raggiungimento di un’efficacia preventiva è importante, inoltre, tenere in considerazione l’eterogeneità del DM1, la quale indubbiamente ha influenzato i risultati dei trattamenti finora sperimentati, così come validare nuovi biomarcatori che ci permettano di selezionare al meglio i pazienti da indirizzare a un determinato trattamento.
Adaptive Fuzzy Fault-Tolerant Control of Flexible Spacecraft with Rotating Appendages
Authors: Zhang Gaowang , Qiu Shi , Wang Feng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper focuses on the attitude control problems of spacecraft with external interference and platform actuator failure. The Lagrange method is used to establish dynamic models of complex spacecraft composed of rotating appendages and platform, and the quaternion is used to describe spacecraft attitude kinematics. Second, a fault-tolerant control algorithm that combined adaptive fuzzy control with finite time sliding mode is proposed for the spacecraft platform, and fixed-time control schemes are proposed for rotating parts to achieve stable rotation of the spacecraft components relative to the platform. Finally, a numerical simulation is performed to verify the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed control laws, and comparisons with other control methods are presented.
A Semi-Empirical Damage Evaluation Criterion for Thin Composite Impact Analysis
Authors: Colamartino I. , Bassi S. M. , Benetton D. , Anghileri M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present work aimed to develop a semi-empirical criterion able to describe impact events on GFRP and CFRP (glass and carbon fiber reinforced polymers) composite thin laminates: these events are able to generate large damages involving multiple mechanisms such as matrix cracking, fiber failure and, above all, delamination. Main purpose of this research was to obtain an accurate numerical description of the impact region in terms of damage extension and depth without the modelization of the adhesive layers. Starting from an experimental campaign of drop-weight impact tests on representative specimens and the implementation of related numerical Ansys LS-DYNA models exploiting equivalent shell approach, a damage criterion was developed and calibrated and a numerical tool was written and implemented within the LsPrePost, evaluating its reliability by means of correlation with the drop tests.
Fungi Functions: Cross-Species Imaginaries in Tade Thompson’s Wormwood Trilogy
Authors: Crane Kylie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractScience fiction (SF), through its various generic conventions, provides a stage for exploring many dimensions of the Anthropocene: It enables challenges to time, to species, to causalities, to space-time coherences, and also to singularity. Tade Thompson’s-Wormwood trilogy engages several non-linear metaphors in engendering a nonhuman other, most specifically internet networks and fungi becoming. The alien sentience rendered in the trilogy offers an – amorphous and yet simultaneously very concrete – other against which humans must rally, themselves at the brink of the threat of extinction. Wormwood’s xenosphere – an atmosphere permeated with ›xenoforms‹, a kind of alien fungi which can interact with humans – constitutes only one of the many ways in which this SF world challenges the modes with which we organise our knowledges of our world.
Characteristics of effective entrepreneurship education post-COVID-19 in New Zealand primary and secondary schools: a Delphi study
Authors: Hardie Bethany , Lee Kerry , Highfield Camilla 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the perceptions of experts regarding the characteristics of effective entrepreneurship education in New Zealand primary and secondary schools. The aim of the study was to inform future policies, curriculum review and decision-making regarding entrepreneurial projects that were effective in the mainstream compulsory schooling sector. Using snowball sampling, 28 local entrepreneurship experts were recruited to participate in a Delphi Study. Through successive rounds, these participants established consensus on current and relevant characteristics of an effective entrepreneurship education primary and secondary school. The collective consensus determined seven characteristics for effective entrepreneurship education, centred around student learning approaches. Findings support curriculum planning focussed on creating authentic, action orientated projects or problem solving, strategies to foster entrepreneurship knowledge, skills and capabilities, seeking mentors or role models from the community, and the incorporation of financial literacy and business activities. These findings provide a basis for the successful development of New Zealand’s curricula for entrepreneurship education and enhanced entrepreneurship projects.