bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Let’s Agree to Disagree on Operative versus Nonoperative (LADON) treatment for proximal humerus fractures: Study protocol for an international multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Hoepelman Ruben J. , Ochen Yassine , Beeres Frank J. P. , Frima Herman , Sommer Christoph , Michelitsch Christian , Babst Reto , Buenter Isabelle R. , van der Velde Detlef , Verleisdonk Egerbert-Jan M. M. , Groenwold Rolf H. H. , Houwert Roderick M. , van Heijl Mark 
Published: February 2022

Background
The proximal humerus fracture is a common injury, but the optimal management is much debated. The decision for operative or nonoperative treatment is strongly influenced by patient specific factors, regional and cultural differences and the preference of the patient and treating surgeon. The aim of this study is to compare operative and nonoperative treatment of proximal humerus fractures for those patients for whom there is disagreement about optimal management.

Methods and analysis
This protocol describes an international multicenter prospective cohort study, in which all patients of 18 years and older presenting within three weeks after injury with a radiographically diagnosed displaced proximal humerus fracture can be included. Based on patient characteristics and radiographic images several clinical experts advise on the preferred treatment option. In case of disagreement among the experts, the patient can be included in the study. The actual treatment that will be delivered is at the discretion of the treating physician. The primary outcome is the QuickDash score at 12 months. Propensity score matching will be used to control for potential confounding of the relation between treatment modality and QuickDash scores.

Discussion
The LADON study is an international multicenter prospective cohort study with a relatively new methodological study design. This study is a “natural experiment” meaning patients receive standard local treatment and surgeons perform standard local procedures, therefore high participation rates of patients and surgeons are expected. Patients are only included after expert panel evaluation, when there is proven disagreement between experts, which makes this a unique study design. Through this inclusion process, we create two comparable groups whom received different treatments and where expert disagree about the already initiated treatment. Since we are zooming in on this particular patient group, confounding will be largely mitigated. Internationally the treatment of proximal humerus fractures are still much debated and differs much per country and hospital. This observational study with a natural experiment design will create insight into which treatment modality is to be preferred for patients in whom there is disagreement about the optimal treatment strategy.

Trial registration
Registered in Netherlands trial register NL9357 and Swiss trial register CH 2020–00961; https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
Green Tea Extract to Prevent Colorectal Adenomas, Results of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Seufferlein Thomas , Ettrich Thomas J. , Menzler Stefan , Messmann Helmut , Kleber Gerhard , Zipprich Alexander , Frank-Gleich Stefanie , Algül Hana , Metter Klaus , Odemar Frank , Heuer Theodor , Hügle Ulrich , Behrens Rüdiger , Berger Andreas W. , Scholl Catharina , Schneider Katharina L. , Perkhofer Lukas , Rohlmann Friederike , Muche Rainer , Stingl Julia C. 
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Preclinical, epidemiological, and small clinical studies suggest that green tea extract (GTE) and its major active component epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) exhibit antineoplastic effects in the colorectum.

METHODS:
A randomized, double-blind trial of GTE standardized to 150 mg of EGCG b.i.d. vs placebo over 3 years was conducted to prevent colorectal adenomas (n = 1,001 with colon adenomas enrolled, 40 German centers). Randomization (1:1, n = 879) was performed after a 4-week run-in with GTE for safety assessment. The primary end point was the presence of adenoma/colorectal cancer at the follow-up colonoscopy 3 years after randomization.

RESULTS:
The safety profile of GTE was favorable with no major differences in adverse events between the 2 well-balanced groups. Adenoma rate in the modified intention-to-treat set (all randomized participants [intention-to-treat population] and a follow-up colonoscopy 26–44 months after randomization; n = 632) was 55.7% in the placebo and 51.1% in the GTE groups. This 4.6% difference was not statistically significant (adjusted relative risk 0.905; P = 0.1613). The respective figures for the per-protocol population were 54.3% (151/278) in the placebo group and 48.3% (129/267) in the GTE group, indicating a slightly lower adenoma rate in the GTE group, which was not significant (adjusted relative risk 0.883; P = 0.1169).

DISCUSSION:
GTE was well tolerated, but there was no statistically significant difference in the adenoma rate between the GTE and the placebo groups in the whole study population.
Review of Charging Load Modeling Strategies for Electric Vehicles: a Comparison of Grid-to-Vehicle Probabilistic Approaches
Authors: Zuluaga Ríos Carlos David , Florián Ceballos Daniel Felipe , Rojo Yepes Miguel Ángel , Saldarriaga Zuluaga Sergio Danilo 
Published: February 2022

Objective: In this paper, we review different approaches to how the penetration of electric vehicles (EV) can be modeled in power networks. We also evaluate and compare experimentally the performance of three probabilistic electric vehicle charging load approaches considering four levels of penetration of EV.
Methodology: We carry out a detailed search of the state-of-the-art in charging load modeling strategies for electric vehicles, where the most representative works on this subject were compiled. A probabilistic model based on Monte Carlo Simulation was proposed and two more methods were implemented. These models take into account the departure time of electric vehicles, the arrival time and the plug-in time, which were conceived as random variables.
Results: Histograms of the demand for charging of electric vehicles were obtained for the three models contemplated. Additionally, a similarity metric was calculated to know the distribution that best fits the data of each model. The above was done considering 20, 200, 2000 and 20,000 electric vehicles on average. The results show that if there are a low penetration of electric vehicles, it is possible to model the EV charging demand using a gamma distribution. Otherwise, it is recommended to use a Gaussian or Lognormal distribution if you have a high VE penetration.
Conclusions: A review of the state of the art of the modeling of electric vehicles under a G2V approach was presented, where three groups are identified: the deterministic approaches, methods that deal with uncertainty and variability, and finally data driven methods were also identified. Additionally, we observed that the EVCP model 3 and the gamma distribution can be appropriate for modeling the penetration of EVs in probabilistic load flow analysis or for stochastic planning studies for active distribution networks.
Financing: Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo
A novel mutation in TRAC in a patient with abnormal newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Garkaby Jenny , Abrego Fuentes Laura Edith , Willett Pachul Jessica , Watts-Dickens Abby , Fraser Meghan 
Published: February 2022

Background: The T cell receptor (TCR)-α chain plays a key role in TCR structure and function. Biallelic mutations in TRAC, encoding the constant region of the TCR-α chain, obliterates TCR expression and results in immunodeficiency. TCR-α chain deficiency presents at infancy or childhood with repeated viral and bacterial infections, enlarged liver, spleen, and lymph nodes as well as autoimmune features and lymphoma (OMIM #615387). Aim: To broaden the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of TCR-α chain deficiency. Methods: We present a case report of a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a novel autosomal recessive mutation in TRAC. Results: Our patient was identified at 13 days of life due to abnormal T cell receptor excision circle levels detected by newborn screening (NBS). Immune evaluation revealed profound lymphopenia, depressed responses to the mitogen PHA and a skewed T cell repertoire, all consistent with SCID. The patient was found to carry a novel homozygous mutation in the TRAC gene. Conclusion: A novel homozygous mutation in the TRAC gene caused profound T cell lymphopenia and aberrant in vitro mitogenic response, the hallmarks of SCID. Statement of Novelty: TCR-α chain deficiency is a rare and relatively new condition and not very well defined. We herein report a novel mutation in TRAC resulting in SCID.
Comparison of three different protocols for obtaining hemolysis
Authors: Nikolac Gabaj Nora , Miler Marijana , Vrtaric Alen , Celap Ivana , Bocan Marina , Filipi Petra , Radisic Biljak Vanja , Simundic Ana-Maria , Supak Smolcic Vesna , Kocijancic Marija 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Hemolysis is associated with erroneous or delayed results. Objectives of the study were to compare four different methods for obtaining hemolysis in vitro on three different analyzers.

Methods
Hemolysis was prepared with addition of pure hemoglobin into serum pool, osmotic shock, aspiration through blood collection needle, freezing/thawing of whole blood. Biochemistry parameters were measured in duplicate at Architect c8000 (Abbott, Abbott Park, USA), Beckman Coulter AU680 (Beckman Coulter, Brea, USA) and Cobas 6000 c501 (Roche, Mannheim, Germany), according to manufacturers’ declarations. Cut-off value was defined as the highest value of H index with corresponding bias lower than acceptance criteria.

Results
We were not able to obtain results with freezing protocol. On all three platforms, lowest number of analytes were sensitive to hemolysis at H=0.5 using method of adding free hemoglobin. When osmotic shock was used, cut-off values for the most analytes were generally met at lower values. Hemolysis significantly interfered with measurement of potassium and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) at H=0.5 on all platforms. The most of the tested analytes had the lowest acceptable H index when aspiration method was used. At the low level of hemolysis (H=0.8) glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, and LD were affected on all analyzers, with some additional analytes depending on the manufacturer.

Conclusions
Hemolysis interference differs on different analyzers and according to protocol for obtaining hemolysis. Aspiration method was generally the most sensitive to hemolysis interference, while addition of free Hb was the most resistant.
Automatic multimodal sensor calibration of the UNICARagilvehicles
Authors: Kinzig Christian , Horn Markus , Lauer Martin , Buchholz Michael , Stiller Christoph , Dietmayer Klaus 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAutomated vehicles rely on a precise intrinsic and extrinsic calibration of all sensors. An exact calibration leads to accurate localization and object detection results. Especially for sensor data fusion, the transformation between different sensor frames must be well known. Moreover, modular and redundant platforms require a large number of sensors to cover their full surroundings. This makes the calibration process complex and challenging. In this article, we describe the procedure to calibrate the full sensor setup of a modular autonomous driving platform, consisting of camera, lidar, and radar sensors, in four subsequent steps. At first, the intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters are determined. Afterwards, the transformation from lidar to camera on the one hand and from lidar to radar on the other hand is estimated. Lastly, the extrinsic calibration between all lidars and the vehicle frame is performed. In our evaluation, we show that these steps lead to an accurate calibration of the complete vehicle.
Synthese und Reaktionsverhalten von {[Hf](μ-σ,π-C≡CR)2 }Ni(CO); die Röntgenstrukturanalyse von [(η5-C5H4SiMe3)2Hf(C≡CtBu)]2O / Synthesis and Reaction Behaviour of {[Hf](μ −σ ,π -C≡CR)2}Ni(CO); the Solid-State Structure of [(η5–C5H4SiMe3)2Hf(C≡CtBu)]2O
Authors: Kralik Joachim , Köhler Katrin , Rüffer Tobias , Lang Heinrich 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The synthesis of the heterobimetallic hafnium(IV)-nickel(0) complexes {[Hf](μ-σ ,π- C≡CR)2}Ni(CO) (3a, [Hf] = (η5-C5H5)2Hf, R = Ph; 3b, [Hf] = (η5-C5H4SiMe3)2Hf, R = tBu) in which an early (Hf) and a late (Ni) transition metal atom are bridged by σ - and π-bound alkynyl groups succeeds by treatment of [Hf](C≡CR)2 (1a, [Hf] = (η5-C5H5)2Hf, R = Ph; 1b, [Hf] = (η5-C5H4SiMe3)2Hf, R = tBu) with equimolar amounts of Ni(CO)4 (2). The reaction chemistry of 1and 3towards different substrates is discussed. Treatment of 3bwith P(OMe)3 (4a) affords the mononuclear nickel monocarbonyl complex Ni(CO)[P(OMe)3]3 (5), while the reaction of 1aor 1bwith MCl2 (6a, M = Fe; 6b, M = Ni; 6c, M = Co) produces by an cyclopentadienyl transfer from hafnium to M the sandwich compounds (η5-C5H4R’)2M (M = Fe: 7a, R’ = H; 7b, R’ = SiMe3; M = Ni: 7c, R’ = H; 7d, R’ = SiMe3; M = Co: 7e, R’ = H). Addition of KOH to 1b or 3b, respectively, affords the homobimetallic hafnium complex {[Hf](C≡CR)}2O (8) in which two [Hf](C≡CR) fragments are bridged by an oxygen atom. Possible reaction mechanisms for the formation of 5, 7and 8by starting from 1or 3will be given. The result of the X-ray structure analysis of 8is reported. Complex 8crystallises in the monoclinic space group C2/c with the cell parameters a = 24.437(8), b = 14.655(5), c = 14.123(4) Å, β = 101.67(2)◦, V = 4953(3) Å3, Z = 4 and D = 1.454 g cm−3. Complex 8contains a linear Hf-O-Hf unit with pseudo-tetrahedral coordinated hafnium atoms.
Molybdenum(VI) cis-Dioxo Complexes with Chiral Schiff Base Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Zhou Xiangge , Zhao Jin , Santos Ana M. , Kühn Fritz E. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Three optically active Molybdenum (VI) dioxo complexes with tetrahydro salen and substituted tetrahydro salen derivatives as ligands were synthesized and examined as catalysts for asymmetric epoxidation. Complexes of the type MoO2(L)(Solv) and WO2(L) (L = tridentate, trans-2- aminocyclohexanol derived chiral Schiff base, Solv = alcohol) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR and IR spectroscopy. These complexes are applicable as catalysts for olefin epoxidation reactions with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) being the oxidizing agent. In case of cis-β -methylstyrene moderate enantiomeric excesses of up to 26% can be reached when the reaction is carried out at 0 ◦C.
Oxygen evolving reactions catalyzed by different manganese oxides: the role of oxidation state and specific surface area
Authors: Becker Stefanie , Behrens Malte 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A set of the four manganese oxide powders α-MnO2 (hollandite), δ-MnO2 (birnessite), Mn2O3 (bixbyite), and Mn3O4 (hausmannite) have been synthesized in a phase-pure form and tested as catalysts in three different oxygen evolution reactions (OER): electrochemical OER in KOH (1 mol L−1), chemical OER using aqueous cerium ammonium nitrate, and H2O2 decomposition. The trends in electrochemical (hollandite >> bixbyite > birnessite > hausmannite) and chemical OER (hollandite > birnessite > bixbyite > hausmannite) are different, which can be explained by differences in electric conductivity. H2O2 decomposition and chemical OER, on the other hand, showed the same trend and even a linear correlation of their initial OER rates. A linear correlation between the catalytic performance and the manganese oxidation state of the catalysts was observed. Another trend was observed related to the specific surface area, highlighting the importance of these properties for the OER. Altogether, hollandite was found to be the best performing catalyst in this study due to a combination of the high manganese oxidation state and a large specific surface area. Likely, due to a sufficient electrical conductivity, this intrinsically high OER performance is also found to some extent in electrocatalysis for this specific example.
Practical Application of Traditional and Cluster Set Configurations Within a Resistance Training Program
Authors: Nagatani Tsuyoshi , Haff G. Gregory , Guppy Stuart N. , Kendall Kristina L. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Altering set configurations during a resistance training program can provide a novel training variation that can be used to modify the external and internal training loads that induce specific training outcomes. To design training programs that better target the defined goal(s) of a specific training phase, strength and conditioning professionals need to better understand how different set configurations affect the training adaptations that result from resistance training. Traditional and cluster set structures are commonly implemented by strength and conditioning professionals as part of an athlete's resistance training program. The purpose of this review is to offer examples of the practical implementation of traditional and cluster sets that can be integrated into a periodized resistance training program.
Parent Training for Dental Care in Underserved Children With Autism: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Fenning Rachel M. , Butter Eric M. , Macklin Eric A. , Norris Megan , Hammersmith Kimberly J. , McKinnon-Bermingham Kelly , Chan James , Stephenson Kevin G. , Albright Charles , Scherr Jessica , Moffitt Jacquelyn M. , Lu Frances , Spaulding Richard , Guijon John , Hess Amy , Coury Daniel L. , Kuhlthau Karen A. , Steinberg-Epstein Robin 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulty participating in dental care and experience significant unmet dental needs. We examined the efficacy of parent training (PT) for improving oral hygiene and oral health in underserved children with ASD.

METHOD
Families of Medicaid-eligible children with ASD (ages 3–13 years, 85% boys, 62% with intellectual disability) reporting difficulty with dental care participated in a 6-month randomized controlled trial comparing PT (n = 60) with a psychoeducational dental toolkit (n = 59). Primary outcomes were parent-reported frequency of twice-daily toothbrushing and dentist-rated visible plaque. Secondary outcomes included parent-reported child behavior problems during home oral hygiene and dentist-rated caries. Dentists were blind to intervention assignment. Analyses were intention to treat.

RESULTS
Retention was high at posttreatment (3 months, 93%) and 6-month follow-up (90%). Compared with the toolkit intervention, PT was associated with increased twice-daily toothbrushing at 3 (78% vs 55%, respectively; P &lt; .001) and 6 (78% vs 62%; P = .002) months and a reduction in plaque at 3 months (intervention effect, −0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.36 to −0.02; P = .03) and child problem behaviors at 3 (−0.90; 95% CI, −1.52 to −0.28; P = .005) and 6 (−0.77; 95% CI, −1.39 to −0.14; P = .02) months. Comparatively fewer caries developed in children receiving the PT intervention over 3 months (ratio of rate ratios, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.99; P = .04).

CONCLUSIONS
PT represents a promising approach for improving oral hygiene and oral health in underserved children with ASD at risk for dental problems.
Co-infections in COVID-19 patients and correlation with mortality rate. Minireview
Authors: Fehér Ágnes , Szarvas Zsófia , Lehoczki Andrea , Fekete Mónika , Fazekas-Pongor Vince 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The goal of our review was to gather information on the most important community-acquired and hospital-acquired co-infections among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, and to examine not only the effect of these co-infections on disease outcomes but also to identify the possible risk factors that predispose COVID-19 patients to co-infections.

Methods
Medline (PubMed) and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles published between January 1st, 2020, and September 31st, 2021, on the topic of co-infections among COVID-19 patients.

Results
Among community-acquired and hospital-acquired co-infections, bacterial and fungal co-infections are equally frequent, followed by viral co-infections that affected a relatively smaller portion of patients. Overall, co-infections were more frequent in the hospital than at the community level. Risk factors for acquiring co-infections include male gender, longer length of hospital stay, presence of supportive treatment, such as ventilation, the admission to intensive care units, the administration of medications, such as steroids or antibiotics, and certain blood parameters, such as high C-reactive protein or lymphopenia. The presence of co-infections could aggravate the COVID-19 disease severity, prolong the healing time of patients, and lead to worse disease outcomes overall.

Conclusion
Co-infections may increase the mortality of COVID-19 patients, especially in the hospital setting. Paying closer attention to hygiene, adhering to diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs could decrease the occurrence of co-infections and lead to improved outcomes for COVID-19 patients.
Fundamentos de la acción diplomática corporativa en las estrategias de internacionalización de empresas
Authors: De-Torres-Fernández Milagros , Mula-Sánchez María-Teresa 
Published: February 2022

Un nuevo concepto se ha abierto paso en la acción exterior de las empresas: la diplomacia corporativa, recurso de buenas prácticas que proporciona a las compañías fórmulas de eficacia probada para moverse en un mundo de escenarios complejos y cambiantes.
El estudio de los precedentes históricos demuestra que es perfectamente aplicable a la acción corporativa internacional. Estas técnicas, basadas en los principios tradicionales de la diplomacia pública, permitirán a las empresas desarrollar acciones que trasciendan lo puramente comercial para establecer vínculos humanos y económicos duraderos; estrategias que humanicen el cometido empresarial como procedimiento idóneo para la expansión comercial de nuestros días. Con ese objetivo, el diplomático corporativo debe mostrar determinados saberes técnicos, habilidades profesionales y cualidades humanas para lograr ejercer influencia, descubrir ámbitos de cooperación en el país meta y cimentar la buena reputación de su empresa, es decir, todas las áreas en las que resulta eficaz la diplomacia corporativa. Es el caso de compañías que han constatado la rentabilidad de la diplomacia empresarial con éxitos de gestión y reconocimiento internacional