bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diflubenzuron Boluses, Guardian Eartags, and Rabon Mineral for Beef Cattle Fly Control, 1985
Authors: Knapp F. W. , Herald Freddie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mixed beef breeds of cow/calves and heifers were separated into 4 groups and treated as follows: 34/31 (cow/calf) untreated (C); 29/29 treated with 10% diflubenzuron boluses at a rate of 2 boluses/cow and 0.5/calf (B); 40/40 tagged with 7.5% Guardian ear tags at rate of 2 tags/hd (ET); and 29/29 treated with both eartags and boluses (calves not bolused)(ET + B), and 33 heifers offered 0.463% Rabon loose mineral ad libitum (RM); Boluses were administered and ear tags attached 8 May. Total number of face flies on the face of each of 10 adult animals and horn flies on one side of the same animals were estimated weekly. Feces from the RM, B, and C groups were collected biweekly and bioassayed with house, face and horn fly larvae.
Field Evaluation of Affirm, Amdro, and Logic Baits for Control of Red Imported Fire Ants, 1984
Authors: Collins Homer L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field tests were conducted on non-agricultural land located on 3 different airport properties. Treatment blocks averaging 95 acres in size were aerially treated September 18-25. Prior to treatment and on 3 occasions following treatment, all fire ant colonies within 10 randomly located 0.25-acre circular subplots in each treatment block were enumerated and categorized on a 1 to 25 rating scale. Population indices were calculated and % colony mortality was determined from the raw data by the method described elsewhere (Lofgren and Williams; 1982. J. Econ. Ent. 75:798-803). All baits were formulated with the AI dissolved in once-refined soybean oil and impregnated on pregelled defatted corn grits at 30% by weight except for one Logic formulation which contained 25% soybean oil impregnated on expanded corn cob grits.
Control of Red Harvester Ants with Drenches and Powder Concentrates, 1985
Authors: Cladin Jodie , Price Richard , Pinkston Ken , Freeman Richard , Neese Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Evaluation of red harvester ant control was conducted near Stillwater, OK. on 16 acres of open pasture land. Treatments were randomized and replicated 5 times. Ant mounds were checked for activity and marked prior to the start of the test. Treatments were made on 18 Jun. Mounds were checked for visible ant activity at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 12 wk after treatment. On the 16 wk, all mounds were checked for visible ant activity by digging to a depth of 1 ft beneath the mound. Treatments were applied over each nest opening and covered an area of approximately 4 ft in diam. Drenches consisted of applying the finished spray from a 5-gal bucket, while powders were applied by evenly distributing the material over the surface of the mound. All drenches were applied in an excavated hole 5 inches in diameter and 6 inches deep in the center of the mound. Rainfall in the area during the test was: Jun, 6.4 inches, Jul, 2.4 inches, Aug, 2.3 inches, Sep, 6.0 inches, Oct, 4.6 inches for a total of 21.7 inches. The various drench concentrations will be evaluated for long term activity suppression which will run into the spring of 1986.
Apple, Dilute Test of Acaricides, 1985
Authors: Hull L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots consisted of single trees in a randomized block design with 2 replicates of Golden Delicious and 2 replicates of Delicious, both spur types. Experimental sprays were applied to run-off with a handgun from a truck-mounted John Bean sprayer equipped with a 35 gpm pump. Spray dates were as follows: 5 Apr (CGA-29170 and oil treatments only), 19 Apr (DPX-Y5893 treatments only, no Plictran combination applied), 3 and 14 Jun, 19 Jul (ABG-6162, R008-4947 and Plictran treatments only), 27 Jun (DPX-Y5893 plus Plictran combination treatments only), 9 Jul (DPX-Y5893 treatments only, rate increased on lowest rate). On 3 Jun, the ABG-6162 treatments received only 540, 1080, and 2160 ml/100 gal, respectively. General sprays of fungicides (Cyprex, Benlate, Polyram, Captan, Zineb, Manzate, Bayleton, Dithane), insecticides (Lorsban, Phosphamidon, Guthion, Sevin, Pydrin, Systox), and calcium chloride were made at ca. one- two-week intervals throughout the experiment with a Friend Airmaster at 50 gpa. Effectiveness of materials on mites was evaluated by making several counts on random samples of 25 leaves/tree, 100 leaves per treatment. Mite population pressure was severe throughout the summer. Russet ratings are based on 30 Golden Delicious apples/replicate, 60/treatment. Fruits were rated as 1 (no russeting), 2 (light russeting), 3 (moderate russeting), or 4 (severe russeting). Possible ranges were: 30-60 (none to light), 60-90 (light to moderate), 90-120 (moderate to severe). Ratings are in numerical order and are as follows (first 4 treatments not included); 95, 67, 74, 76, 90, 85, 88, 82, 67, 78, 73, and 64.
Apple, Comparison of Pink and Post-Bloom Insecticide Applications for Leafminer Control, 1985
Authors: Maier Christ T. , Naughton Edward R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Pink and post-bloom sprays of 2 insecticides were evaluated for efficacy in controlling the 1st generation of ABLM in a 15-year-old semi-dwarf apple orchard rat Hamden, CT. Single-tree plots were arranged in a completely randomized design with 5 replicates/treatment. Insecticides were applied to runoff ; on 23 Apr (pink) and 20 May (10 days after bloom) with a Solo knapsack sprayer operated at 15 psi. Effectiveness of each treatment was determined |ion 13 Jun by randomly collecting 10 leaf clusters/replicate at a height of 1.5 m and counting no. of tentiform mines.
Apple, Savey Volume Trial, 1985
Authors: Pfeiffer D. , Ponton L. , Varn M. , Boucher T. , Smothers V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Savey (367.5 g form/ha (5.25 oz/A)) was applied to an apple block at Steeles Tavern, in 3 volumes of water; 1252.3, 654.2 and 233.6 liters/ha (134, 70 and 25 gal/A, respectively). Each plot consisted of ca. 0.1 ha (0.25A). Applications were made with a truck-mounted Tifone airblast sprayer on 12 Apr. Mites were sampled from 4 ‘Delicious’ trees per treatment, using a leaf-brushing machine and 20 leaves per replicate.
Apple, Airblast Acaricide Evaluation, 1985
Authors: Rajotte Edwin G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests 1 and 2 were early season evaluations and Test 3 was a mid-season evaluation of Savey combined with a pyrethroid. Each treatment was applied to groups of trees of varying ages arranged in randomized block design. Treatments in all tests were applied to groups of three 9-year-old ‘Bisbee Red Delicious’, 27-year-old ‘Royal Red Delicious’ and 4-year-old ‘Delicious’ trees, respectively. Treatments were applied with an airblast sprayer at 68 gal/A driven at 1.6 mph. Spray dates were 19 (pink) and 30 Apr (petal fall) for Tests 1 and 2, and 3 July for Test 3. Fungicides and insecticides applied during the season were Captan, Lorsban, phosphamidon, Lannate, Manzate and Imidan. Effects of treatments were evaluated by counting mites and mite eggs several times during the season from samples of 15 leaves from each tree, 90 leaves per treatment per sample date.
Apple, Mite Control, 1985
Authors: Reissig H. , Dunham D. H. , Hebding H. , Lienk S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaricides were applied in 2 commercial apple orchards: (1) The Smith orchard contained ‘Red Delicious’ trees ca. 10 yr old planted 3 by 6 m apart. (2) The Welkley orchard contained ‘Red Delicious’ trees ca. 20 yr old planted 6 by 6 m apart. Treatments were applied with a truck-mounted Friend airblast sprayer to non-replicated adjacent plots of ca. 0.1 ha. A single spray of Apollo 50SC (1.0 oz form/100 gal) was applied in ca. 100 gpa of water to randomly selected plots in each orchard at tight cluster (23 Apr), pink (3 May), petal fall (23 May), and first cover (6 Jun). All plots in Test 1 (Smith Block) were treated again on 12 Jul with Apollo 50SC (1.0 oz form/100 gal) and on 23 Jul with a mixture of Apollo 50SC (1.0 oz form/100 gal) and Carzol SP (4.0 oz. form/100 gal). Test 2 (Welkley Block) was treated on 23 Jul with a mixture of Apollo 50SC (1.0 oz form/100 gal.) and Carzol SP (4.0 oz form/100 gal). These later summer treatments were applied in 400 gpa of solution. Mites were counted on 25 randomly selected leaves on each of 4 trees in each plot. Mites were removed from the leaves with a Henderson-McBurnie mite brushing machine.
Apple, Text of Acaricides, 1985
Authors: Shearer Peter W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Test materials were applied to individual trees as single units replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Trees were sprayed by handgun to run-off using a 7 gpm John Bean sprayer operating at 250 psi at about 400 gpa. Applications were timed against ready-to-hatch ERM eggs alone or with newly emerged larvae while trees were in either the 0.5-in green tip (1 Apr), pink (12 Apr), or petal fall stages (30 Apr), respectively. Effectiveness of acaricides was assessed by counting mites and mite eggs on leaves several times during the season. The sample size was 25 leaves per tree times 4 replications with counts expressed as total number of mites per 100 leaves. Leaves were processed with a mite brushing machine to remove mites and eggs onto glass plates. They were then counted under a dissection scope. Average monthly temperatures were: Apr 51.4°F, May 56.7°F, Jun 61.8°F, Jul 71.6°F. Monthly rainfall in inches was: Apr 1.03, May 0.48, Jun 2.13, Jul 0.1.
Pear, Full Season Psylla Block Test, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Hays Alan R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments consisted of unreplicated 0.25 acre blocks. Materials were applied dilute by handgun on 7 May, 12 Jun, 17 Jul and 21 Aug 1985. At each sample period 50 leaves were randomly sampled from each of 4 centrally located trees in each block. A subsample of 25 leaves were examined for psylla nymphs using a stereo microscope. All 50 leaves were then brushed in a mite brushing machine and numbers of RM recorded for 8 sections. For sooty fungus a rating system was developed which included a numeric indicator of the amount of fungus present. 50 leaves were randomly selected from the same trees used above and rated as 1 (no sooty fungus), 2 (sooty fungus just visible), 3 (moderate fungus showing but less than 50% of leaf affected), 4 (severe fungus on greater than 50% of leaf). The mean sum per tree for the four trees sampled in each block is shown below.
Pear: Early Season Pear Psylla Control, 1985
Authors: Hull L. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental sprays were applied to non-replicated 0.4-acre plots consisting of cultivars Bartlett, Anjou, and Bosc (7 yr old). Treatments were applied with a handgun from a truck-mounted hydraulic sprayer at 375 psi. Dates of application were: white bud (18 Apr) and petal fall (1 May). Treatments were evaluated for pear psylla control by counts of eggs and nymphs at 1 to 2-wk intervals on the cultivar Bartlett. Counts were made by sampling 10 mid-terminal or spur leaves from 4 trees randomly selected in each plot. Pear psylla pressure was heavy throughout the experiment.
Apple Pandemis Control, Half-Inch Green Application, 1984
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for control of overwintered apple pandemis larvae. Five-year-old trees on a semi-dwarf rootstock were used in this test. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 400 psi to the point of drip simulating a dilute application of approximately 400 gal per acre. Four single-tree replicates, each separated by an unsprayed tree, were used per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied on 6 Apr at the one-half inch green stage of flower bud development. Temperature at application was 50°F with a light wind (&lt;5 mph). Pre-treatment counts of 5 fruit buds per tree provided an indication of relative infestation level in the orchard. Post-treatment evaluation was made on 17 Apr at "pink" stage of flower bud development. All flower buds on each tree were examined. The total number of buds, buds with feeding injury, and buds with live larvae were recorded. A moderate population of apple pandemis was present in the test orchard with about 5% of fruiting buds infested or showing signs of injury. Twenty five-leaf samples were collected from each tree on 12 Jul and 16 Aug, returned to the laboratory, brushed, and the number of mites recorded. Data are presented as average mites per leaf for the 2 sample periods.
Peach, Insecticide Tests, 1985
Authors: Johnson D. T. , Mayes R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
At the Peach Substation in Nashville, AR, a row of peaches (% or more petal fall) containing 18 trees (5 yr old) spaced 2m apart was used in the TPB test. Prior to spraying, 50 cm long × 15 cm-diameter organdy cloth cages were placed over peach limbs containing several fruit, the cages were compressed into a ball and covered with a piece of aluminum foil in order to keep cloth free of residue. Insecticides were sprayed to the foliage of each 2 adjacent trees to runoff (ca. 1 gal/tree) on 9 Apr with a 5-horsepower hydraulic sprayer set at 250 psi and a handgun with a no. 4 disc nozzle. After spraying, the aluminum foil was removed, the cage was unfolded to cover the limb and 12 to 16 5th stage TPB nymphs or young TPB adults (1 or 2 wk old) were introduced. Cages were closed with ties on each end. Dead TPB were recorded 72 h after spraying by transferring the caged limbs in the field to the laboratory for inspection. At the Clarksville Fruit Substation, a 6-year-old block of Red Haven was sprayed in the same manner and with the same treatments used at Nashville. Five replications of 1-tree plots were utilized in a completely randomized block design. Sprays were applied 24 Apr, 9 May, 7 and 19 Jun, and 2 Jul. OFM damage was assessed by counting total flagged terminal per tree on 24 Apr, 9 and 15 May, 7 and 19 Jun and 18 Jul.
Blueberry, Fruitworm Insecticide Test, 1985
Authors: Howitt Angus J. , Murray Douglas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A randomized complete block design was used. Each block was composed of 10 rows with 12 bushes in each row. Each treatment was randomly assigned to 1 row in each of 4 blocks. One buffer row was left between treatments in each block. Materials were applied by a hand-held CO2 sprayer dilute to drip on 6 Jun and 19 Jun. Evaluation consisted of examining 5 berry clusters from each of 10 bushes (50 clusters per treatment per block) in each treated row. The damage was categorized as cherry fruitworm if the entry point was near the calyx end and cranberry fruitworm if the entry point was near the stem end.
Fluvalinate Treatment During Bloom to Control Cranberry Fruitworm Larvae on Early-Set Berries, 1985
Authors: Brodel Charles F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a uniformly vined, 13-year-old section of State Bog in East Wareham, MA. Two treatments were replicated 4 times in randomized blocks which were composed of contiguous 5 × 5-ft plots and separated by 3-ft pathways. Treatments were made on 17 Jul at 95% bloom using a 2-gal, polyethylene compressed air sprayer. Commercially, the 1st application to control fruitworm larvae would have occurred after bloom on 19-21 Jul. A rate of 400 gal of water per acre was used to simulate conditions achieved commercially with overhead sprinkler systems. Five, randomly selected, square-ft areas of vine were sheared in each plot on 25 Jul. Samples were stored in plastic bags in a freezer. All berries of every size were inspected for larval entry holes and frass. Treated and untreated berries numbered 4,739 and 3,989, respectively. No attempt was made to assess the effect of the treatments on pollinator survival. Percentage data underwent arcsine transformation prior to analysis of variance.
Bioassay Evaluation of Japanese Beetle Adulticides on Grapes, 1985
Authors: Klein M. G. , Moyseenko J. J. , Williams R. N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An experiment consisting of 9 insecticidal treatments was conducted at Wooster, OH to determine the logevity of the insecticides to kill Japanese beetle adults. The plot consisted of 2 rows of ‘Ives’ grapes with 9 vines each. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays on 16 Jul and 20 Aug at the rate of 20 gal water per acre using a hand-operated CO sprayer at 40 PSI and equipped with a 9505 E-Tee Jet nozzle. All sprays applied to the point of runoff. The spray schedule was alternated between the 2 rows of grapes to remove any residual spray that might remain from a previous spray. 8 grape leaves were picked at random from each treated vine at various times after treatment and taken to the lab. The leaves were set up 2 per 5-in pot, providing 4 replicates. The pots, with perforated lids, were placed in a rearing room at 80 F, 60% humidity and a 24 h photoperiod. Beetles were added and held 24 h when mortality was determined. Treatments were not resampled after mortalities dropped to 50%. 1.19 in rain occurred during Test #1 and 1.71 in occurred during Test #2.
Bioassay Evaluation of Japanese Beetle Adulticides on Grapes, 1985
Authors: Williams R.N. , Fickle D. S. , Pavuk D. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against Japanese beetle adults in an experimental vineyard of Clinton grapes at Wooster, Ohio. Plots consisted of 1 grape vine, with 4 replications per treatment in a randomized block. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays on 13 Aug using a hand-held CO2 sprayer operating at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2) equipped with a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle. The spreader, Ortho X-77, was used at the rate of 0.5 pint per 100 gal. On 2 and 9 days after application, 5 grape leaves were removed at random from the outside canopy of each treated plant for use in the bioassay. Leaves were brought into the laboratory where they were placed inside a ventilated 1 gal container with 25 Japanese beetles. The 1 gal ice cream cartons were modified by placing 16-mesh wire screen in the bottom and cheese cloth over the top. Each bioassay included 4 replicates. Mortality counts were made at given intervals after holding beetles on treated foliage for 24 h. The insect holding room was maintained at 75°F (23°C) with ca. 75% RH under a 16-h photoperiod.
Control of Adult Root Weevils on Strawberries, 1985
Authors: Shanks Carl H. , Chamberlain Jimmie D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were 3 rows (1st test) or 5 rows (2nd test) wide and 50 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The 1st test was treated on 29 Jul and the 2nd test on 12 Aug. Sprays were applied with a hand-held boom using 3 nozzles/row at the rate of 100 gal/acre with 100 psi. Treatments were evaluated at night with the aid of flashlights. All adult weevils observed on the foliage in the center row of each plot were counted.
Texas Citrus Mite (TCM) and Citrus Red Mite (CRM) Control, 1985
Authors: Childers Carl C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were assigned to single tree plots in a randomized complete block design and replicated 6 times (test 1) and 5 times (test 2). An unsprayed buffer tree separated treatment trees within and between rows. Materials were applied with a handgun from a truck-mounted sprayer at 200 psi (test 1) and 400 psi (test 2) using ca 2.5 and 5.8 gal/tree respectively. Water pH was 7.5 (test 1) and 7.9 (test 2). Twenty-five leaves from the spring flush were collected around the outer canopy of each treatment tree at various times before and after spraying. The number of living motile spider mites on each leaf was counted by species in the laboratory using a stereomicroscope.
Laboratory Evaluation of Acaricides (II) for Control of Tetranychus Urticae (Koch), 1987
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four treatments were tested for relative efficacy against twospotted spider mite in cotton planted 8 May at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Miss. Leaves were collected from several fields wherever they could be located. Mites were counted and the data were sorted via computer so that leaves could be arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications of relatively equal numbers/treatment/replication. Treatments were applied to the abaxial surface of the leaves in a laboratory spray chamber calibrated for 11.5 gal/acre at 1.3 mph using a single TX-3 nozzle. Leaves in the untreated check were sprayed with water. Applications were made on 4 Sep. All plots from which leaves were obtained had received insecticide treatments for nontarget pests as needed during the season. Eggs and mites were counted on 3 locations/leaf via dissection microscope (by each lobe and by the nectary).
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Western Flower Thrips in Mississippi, 1987
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirteen treatments were tested for relative efficacy against western flower thrips in irrigated cotton planted 22 Apr at the Bush Farm, Sunflower County, Miss. Plots were 6 rows (38-inch centers) × 50 ft and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied to all 6 rows by high-clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed-air plot spray system calibrated for 5 gal/acre at 4 mph using 3 TX-3 nozzles/row. Applications were made on 9 and 14 Jul. All plots received insecticide treatments for nontarget pests as needed during the season. Fifteen leaves and 5 blooms from each plot were clipped and put in zip lock bags in the field. These were returned to the lab and washed. The thrips were filtered onto filter paper and counted. All data were collected from the center 2 rows.
Spider Mite and Cotton Aphid Control, 1987
Authors: Royer Tom A. , Edelson J. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cotton was planted in a Raymondville clay loam soil on 9 Apr at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Annex in Weslaco. Plots measured 2 rows (40-inch centers) by 40 ft, and were bordered by 2 rows of grain sorghum to reduce spra\ drift. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plants were oversprayed every 7 days with a mixture of 0.6 lb (AI) metalaxyl + 0.06 lb (AI)/acre cypermethrin to induce an outbreak of spider mites and aphids. Treatments were applied on 6 and 9 Jul with a CO2 sprayer at a rate oi 3 gal/acre finished formulation (3 mph, 40 psi, 3 TX1 hollow-cone nozzles/row). Aphids and mites were monitored by randomly collecting 5 leaves from each plot and counting all mites and aphids present on the leaves.
Effects of Insecticides on Lygus Bugs and Selected Predators, 1987
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Babcock Jon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on the Beulah Wilson Wilke Research and Extension Farm, Washington State University, Davenport, Lincoln County. White lupin was seeded at 200 lb/acre. Six treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete-block design in 0.01-acre experimental plots. Insecticides were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with a 4-ft boom and 4 8003 flat-fan nozzles on 19-inch spacings calibrated to deliver 27 gal/acre at 30 psi. First treatment was applied on 7 Jul, when the primary pods were set, and the second treatment was applied on 20 Jul. A standard 15-inch-diam sweep net was used to take five (180-degree) sweeps in each plot. Population counts of adult lygus bugs (ALB) were separated from nymphs (NLB).