bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid antagonists to prevent olanzapine-induced weight gain: A systematic review
Authors: Laguado S. Andrea , Saklad Stephen R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Olanzapine (OLZ) is a second generation antipsychotic that is approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder type 1 as monotherapy (acute manic or mixed episodes, maintenance), or as an add-on to lithium or valproate (manic or mixed episodes). It is one of the most effective antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia, but concerns remain due to its significant metabolic adverse effects. Notably, OLZ has one of the highest rates of weight gain among all antipsychotic drugs. Previous studies report on potential mitigation of weight gain with opioid antagonists. A systematic review was conducted to summarize the impact of these agents on weight and BMI when used as adjuncts to OLZ.

Methods
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted with 3 searches between March 2, 2021 and March 27, 2022.

Results
Six studies met inclusion criteria, 5 of which assessed OLZ and samidorphan (SAM) and 1 of which assessed OLZ and naltrexone compared with OLZ monotherapy. A total of 1752 patients were included with 952 receiving SAM and 14 receiving naltrexone as an adjunct to OLZ. SAM was shown to mitigate OLZ-induced weight gain by 1.0 kg. Only 1 study assessed naltrexone with no statistically significant results for weight gain.

Discussion
SAM is effective at reducing OLZ-induced weight gain. Naltrexone did not reduce OLZ-induced increases in weight or BMI. However, there is a paucity of data on other opioid antagonists as adjuncts to OLZ treatment to prevent increases in weight or BMI.
TRABALHADORES FLEXIBILIZADOS E PRECÁRIOS E AÇÃO SINDICAL NA ITÁLIA
Authors: Buonfiglio Maria Carmela 
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as diferentes posturas da ação sindical, na Itália, frente à precarização e à flexibilização do trabalho, focalizando particularmente a ação da RdB/CUB – Representação Sindical de Base/Confederação Unitária de Base, a maior representante do sindicalismo de base, e da CGIL - Confederação Geral Italiana do Trabalho - a grande central italiana. A atuação da CGIL em favor dos direitos dos flexibilizados, através do NIdiL - Novas Identidades Laborais – aponta para uma estratégia de ganhos lentos e progressivos. Já o sindicalismo de base mostra uma atuação mais efetiva, decorrente de sua clara postura contra a flexibilização Destaca ainda a atuação de um núcleo da RdB voltado à defesa dos direitos dos trabalhadores em cooperativas, com o intuito de contribuir para a discussão dessa questão no Brasil. Palavras-chave:sindicalismo italiano, trabalho flexível, trabalho atípico, trabalho precário. Flexibilized, precarious workers and union action in Italy The objective of this paper is to make an analysis of the different union approaches, in Italy, in the face of the flexibilization and precarization of work, focusing on the action of RdB/CUB – Basic Union Representation /Unitary Basic Confederation, the biggest representative of basic unionism, and of CGIL – General Italian Work Confederation – the big Italian union. The actions of CGIL in favor of the rights of flexibilized workers, through NIdiL – New Work Identities – points to an strategyof slow and progressive gains. Yet, basic unionism shows more effective actions, resulting from its open approach against flexibilization.This paper also points out the actions of an RdB nucleus vowed to the defense of workers’ rights in cooperatives, aiming to add to the discussion of this question in Brazil. Key words: Italian unionism, flexible work, atypical work, precarious work. TAVAILLEURS FLEXIBILISÉS ET PRÉ-CAIRES ET ACTION SYNDICALE EN ITALIE L’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser les différentes postures de l’action syndicale en Italie, face à la précarité et à la flexibilité du travail. L’accent est mis tout particulièrement sur l’action de la RdB/CUB – Représentation Syndicale de Base/Confédération Unitaire de Base, le plus grand représentant du syndicalisme de base, et la CGIL – Confédération Générale Italienne du Travail – la grande centrale italienne. L’action de la CGIL en faveur des droits des flexibilisés par le biais des NIdiL – Nouvelles Identités Travailleuses – met en évidence une stratégie de conquêtes lentes et progressives. Le syndicalisme de base démontre, quant à lui, une action plus effective qui résulte de sa posture très clairement affirmée contre la flexibilité. En vue de contribuer à la discussion de cette question au Brésil, on fera encore remarquer l’action d’un noyau de la RdB qui s’occupe plus spécialement des droits des travailleurs associés en coopératives. Mots-clés: syndicalisme italien, travail flexible, travail atypique, travail précaire. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
POLARIZAÇÃO E SEGREGAÇÃO SOCIOESPACIAL EM UMA METRÓPOLE PERIFÉRICA
Authors: Moreira Inaiá Maria , Souza Angela Gordilho , Pereira Gilberto Corso 
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho discute a polarização e a segregação sócio-espacial em uma área periférica, a da Região Metropolitana de Salvador. Reconstituindo a trajetória de Salvador e a conformação da sua Região Metropolitana, ele evidencia como a mesma foi marcada pela intervenção do Estado, pelas desigualdades, pela pobreza e por uma concentração de expressiva parcela da população em distantes e precárias periferias. Analisa a estrutura sócio-ocupacional e a segmentação social resultantes e mostra como o ajuste e a reestruturação produtiva contribuíram, nos últimos anos, para acentuar os problemas ocupacionais e sociais da área, consolidando e aprofundando, também, os processos de segregação. Palavras chaves:Metrópoles, estrutura social, segregação socioespacial, Salvador. Polarization and socio-spatial segregation in a peripheric metropolis This paper discusses the socio-spatial polarization and segregation in a peripheric area, the Metropolitan Region in Salvador. By telling the trajectory of Salvador and the conformation of its Metropolitan Region, it shows how the latter was marked by interference from the State, inequalities, poverty and by a concentration of an expressive part of the people in distant and poor peripheries. It makes an analysis of the resulting socio-occupational structure and the social segmentation and shows how the productive adjustment and reestructuring have added, in the last few years, to sharpen the area’s occupational and social problems, also enhancing and strenghtening the segregation process. Key words: Metropoles, social structure, socio-spatial segregation, Salvador. POLARISATION ET SÉGRÉGATION SOCIO-SPATIALE DANS UNE MÉTROPOLE PÉRIPHÉRIQUE Ce travail parle de la polarisation et de la ségrégation socio-spatiale dans une région périphérique, celle de la région métropolitaine de Salvador. Il reconstitue la trajectoire de Salvador et la conformation de sa région métopolitaine, il montre comment celle-ci a été profondément marquée par l’intervention de l’Etat, par les inégalités, par la pauvreté et par la concentration d’une partie importante de la population dans des banlieues éloignées et précaires. La structure socio-occupationnelle et la segmentation sociale qui en résultent y sont analysées ; il y est démontré combien l’ajustement et la restructuration productive ont contribué, au cours des dernières années, à accenturer les problèmes occupationnels et sociaux de cette région, à consolider et à approfondir également les processus de ségrégation. Mots-clés: Métropoles, structure sociale, ségrégation socio-spatiale, Salvador. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
POR UMA SOCIOLOGIA DA FORÇA PÚBLICA: considerações sobre a força policial e militar
Authors: Brodeur Jean-Paul 
Published: August 2022

O texto compara o uso da força pela polícia e pelas forças armadas, levando em conta cinco dimensões fundamentais: poder de fogo, contexto de intervenção, ethos, regulamentação e prestação de contas. O artigo propõe uma tipologia das organizações policiais e militares, que inclui dois tipos puros e dois tipos híbridos: por um lado, a polícia e as forças armadas (tipos puros) e, por outro, a polícia militar (ou militarizada) e as missões internacionais de paz das Nações Unidas (tipos híbridos). PALAVRAS CHAVE: polícia, forças armadas, força, ethos, prestação de contas. TOWARDS A SOCIOLOGY OF PUBLIC FORCE: observations on the use of police force The use of force by the police and the military is contrasted on five dimensions: firepower, context of intervention, ethos, regulation and accountability. The paper offers also a tentative two by two typology of police and military organizations, that allows for hybrid types: the four types are: the police (single variant), the army (single variant), the military police (hybrid variant: a militarized police organization) and the peacekeeping forces of the United Nations (hybrid variant: a military organization with a policing mandate). KEY WORDS: police, military, force, ethos, accountability. A PROPOS D’UNE SOCIOLOGIE DES FORCES PUBLIQUES: observations de l’utilisation des forces de police Prenant en considération cinq éléments considérés fondamentaux, ce texte fait la comparaison entre la police et les forces armées: pouvoir des armes, contexte d’intervention, ethos, réglementation et prestation de comptes. L’article propose une typologie des organisations policières et militaires qui inclue deux types purs et deux types hybrides, d’une part la police et les forces armées (types purs) et d’autre part la police militaire (ou militarisée) et les missions internationales de paix des Nations-Unies (types hybrides). MOTS-CLÉS: police, forces armées, force, ethos, prestation de comptes. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
CENÁRIOS DA MIGRAÇÃO NO BRASIL NOS ANOS
Authors: Pinto José Marcos , Baeninger Rosana 
Published: August 2022

O artigo resgata as tendências migratórias nacionais nas últimas décadas, com ênfase nas transformações na dinâmica da migração nos anos 90. Analisa as principais vertentes da migração em termos das trocas migratórias entre grandes regiões, ressaltando a importância de São Paulo como pólo da migração nacional no decorrer dos períodos estudados. As evidências empíricas recentes indicaram a complementaridade dos processos migratórios para o entendimento da migração entre os estados brasileiros, em especial a importância das regiões metropolitanas como absorvedoras de população para determinados estados e períodos. Palavras-Chaves: migração, redistribuição da população, regiões metropolitanas, migração interestadual, migração metrópole-interior. Immigration scenarios in Brazil in the 90’s The paper recovers the national migratory trends during the last decades, with emphasis on the transformations in the immigration dynamics in the 90’s. It analyzes the main immigration trends regarding the migratory exchanges between the major regions, highlighting the importance of São Paulo as a national immigration hub throughout the periods under study. The recent empirical evidences indicate the complementarity of the migratory processes to understand immigration amongst Brazilian states, especially the importance of the metropolitan regions as absorbers of the population in terms of given states and periods. Key words: migration, population redistribution, interstate migration, city-inland migration. SCENARIOS DE LA MIGRATION AU BRESIL DANS LES ANNEES 90 Cet article parle des tendances migratoires nationales des dernières décennies en mettant l’accent sur les transformations dans la dynamique de la migration des années 90. On y analyse les principaux axes de la migration en termes d’échanges migratoires entre les grandes régions, en mettant en évidence l’importance de Sao Paulo comme pôle de la migration nationale au cours des périodes étudiées. Les évidences empiriques récentes ont indiqué la complémentarité des processus migra-toires pour la compréhension de la migration entre les états brésiliens et tout spécialement l’importance des régions métropolitaines qui absorbent des populations dans certains états et à des périodes déterminées. Mots-clés: migration, redistribution de la population, régions métropolitaines, migration entre les états, migration métropole-campagne. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Da rejeição à arte contemporânea para a guerra cultural (Nathalie Heinich)
Authors: Heinich Nathalie , Silva Diogo de Moraes 
Published: August 2022

Apresentação do texto
Nathalie Heinich é uma socióloga francesa com extensa trajetória nos estudos da recepção em arte, com especial interesse pelas situações de desacordo na avaliação das obras pelos públicos. Sua atuação profissional inclui a direção de pesquisas no CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) e na EHESS (École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales), ambas instituições referenciais na França. As investigações da autora abrangem a sociologia da arte, a epistemologia das ciências sociais e a sociologia dos valores, com notáveis incursões pela instância receptiva das artes visuais e, em especial, pelos conflitos axiológicos emergidos da relação das audiências não especializadas com a produção artística contemporânea, em contextos nacionais como a França e os Estados Unidos. O texto aqui traduzido resulta de um trabalho de campo realizado por ela, em 1996, na Costa Leste dos EUA, tendo sido originalmente publicado no volume Rethinking Comparative Cultural Sociology: Repertoires of Evaluation in France and the United States (2000), organizado por Michèle Lamont e Laurent Thévenot. Destacam-se, nas análises de Heinich, as especificidades das formas de rejeição à arte contemporânea nesses dois países, com a significativa coincidência, no caso norte-americano, entre as reações de repúdio à arte e as agendas morais e cívicas próprias às “guerras culturais”.
Resumo do texto
Estudo comparativo entre os ambientes culturais francês e norte-americano, o texto adota como viés analítico as várias formas de rejeição às artes visuais contemporâneas. O cotejo testado revela, todavia, diferenças inconciliáveis tanto no que se refere aos instrumentos de aferição usados nesses países como no que diz respeito à natureza dos valores mobilizados por públicos contrariados. Focado nos valores movimentados por audiências leigas, o estudo evidencia os contrastes entre os modos mais discretos e subjetivos das refutações na França, além da raridade de sua figuração na arena pública, e as controvérsias midiatizadas e politicamente informadas das “guerras culturais” norte-americanas. Apesar das discrepâncias, uma tipologia de matriz axiológica derivada de casos registrados nesses países permite a confrontação das realidades.
Overview and Outlook on Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes in Perovskite Photovoltaics from Single‐Junction to Tandem Applications
Authors: Choi Jin‐Myung , Han Jiye , Yoon Jonghyuk , Kim Soyeon , Jeon Il , Maruyama Shigeo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNanocarbon materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have attracted considerable attention as the main or supplementary components in various optoelectronics boosting the device performance and improving the process conditions. Specifically, their application to perovskite solar cells, which are among the most promising photovoltaic devices acknowledged for eco‐friendly energy generation, has significantly impacted the current standing of metal halide perovskite‐based devices. The uniqueness of the nanocarbon applications can be attributed to their outstanding optical, electrical, chemical and mechanical properties, which conventional materials do not possess. This review overviews past and present reports on graphene‐ and CNT‐incorporated perovskite solar cells. Versatile roles and various synthetic methodologies of the applied nanocarbons in perovskite solar cells, including the material growth methods and sources, and functions as transparent electrodes, charge‐transporting layers, interfacial layers, additives and encapsulants, are categorized and graphically illustrated. The discussion expands from single‐junction to tandem applications with silicon solar cells, where the nanocarbon materials also play an equally important yet divergent function. Applications of each graphene and CNTs to the silicon‐perovskite tandem solar cells are interpreted in terms of what roles they play and how they solve the conventional problems. This review serves as the guideline for the photovoltaics researchers in advancing devices using nanocarbons.
Bay‐Monosubstitution with Electron‐Donating Group as an Efficiently Strategy to Functionalize Perylene Imide Polymer for Enhancing Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Activity
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Zejin , Shi Jinyan , Zhu Wenbo , Yang Le , Wang Ying , Zou Zhigang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is still a challenge to develop an organic conjugated photocatalyst with a high O2 evolution rate. Functionalization organic polymer photocatalysts is an effective way to enhance photocatalytic performance. In this study, a series of perylene imide polymers (PDIs) are prepared by introducing different number of phenyl groups at bay position of PDI, and the influence of the number of substituents on charge separation and photocatalytic activity is investigated. It reveals that monosubstituted PDI exhibits the highest O2 evolution rate of 2524.88 µmol g–1 h–1 under visible light illumination without any cocatalyst. The excellent performance ascribes to the push–pull intramolecular charge transfer and the high crystallinity, which significantly promote separation and transfer of photoinduced charge. However, the O2 evolution rate dramatically drops with the number of substituent groups increase because introducing more groups at the bay position of PDI decreased charge local excitation of the PDI core and occupied the O2 evolution active site. In addition, it is found that increasing the number of electron–donor substituent groups would seriously destroy the crystallinity, leading to a decrease in the O2 evolution rate. This study highlights a reasonably structural modification strategy to enhance the O2 evolution rate of the PDI polymer by electron‐donating group monosubstitution.
Stretchable High Response Piezoelectric Elastomers Based on Polable Polynorbornene Fillers in a Polydimethylsiloxane Matrix
Authors: Owusu Francis , Nüesch Frank A. , Opris Dorina M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo advance the field of piezoelectrics, it is desirable to find materials that combine high piezoelectricity with high elasticity. Applications such as self‐sensors, stretchable electronics, soft robots, and energy harvesting would benefit tremendously. However, this is not an easy task neither for materials based on ceramics nor for those based on polymers. While ceramics can show strong piezoelectric effects, their mechanical response tends to be weak. Polymers instead are elastic but only few have sizeable piezoelectric effects. Additionally, they cannot maintain the polarization permanently as needed for piezoelectrics. Here, an all‐organic piezoelectric elastomer is synthesized by blending high glass transition temperature (Tg = 104 °C) polar polynorbornene nanoparticles (NPs) with a high relaxation strength (Δε′ = 22.4) into a chemically cross‐linked polydimethylsiloxane matrix. After processing the blends into thin films by doctor blading, they are poled by corona discharge at elevated temperatures. Fifteen days after poling, the materials show a stable and reversible piezoelectric response d31 = 37 pC N−1. This, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, not only is the highest d31 value reported, but the response is three times that of the well‐known polyvinylidene difluoride.
Online machine learning modeling and predictive control of nonlinear systems with scheduled mode transitions
Authors: Hu Cheng , Cao Yuan , Wu Zhe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis work develops a model predictive control (MPC) scheme using online learning of recurrent neural network (RNN) models for nonlinear systems switched between multiple operating regions following a prescribed switching schedule. Specifically, an RNN model is initially developed offline to model process dynamics using the historical operational data collected in a small region around a certain steady‐state. After the system is switched to another operating region under a Lyapunov‐based MPC with suitable constraints to ensure satisfaction of the prescribed switching schedule policy, RNN models are updated using real‐time process data to improve closed‐loop performance. A generalization error bound is derived for the updated RNN models using the notion of regret, and closed‐loop stability results are established for the switched nonlinear system under RNN‐based MPC. Finally, a chemical process example with the operation schedule that requires switching between two steady‐states is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed RNN‐MPC scheme.
A novel preparation and vapor phase modification of 2D‐open channel bioadsorbent for uranium separation
Authors: Ahmad Mudasir , Ren Jianquan , Xiu Tao , Naik Mehraj‐ud‐din , Zhang Qiuyu , Zhang Baoliang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn economical and highly uranium extraction from seawater remains a crucial task for energy sources and environmental safety. Aiming for improving the mass transfer rate of uranium from seawater, a new synthetic strategy was adopted to synthesize two‐dimensional‐open channel microporous bioadsorbent for uranium extraction from seawater. Herein, a vapor phase modification approach was adopted to graft divinylbenzene (DVB), and polyacrylonitrile (AN) onto the surfaces of microporous frameworks via a free radical polymerization method. The postsynthetic functionalization was carried out by hydrothermal process, where amidoxime groups are structure‐directing agents to trap uranium. Furthermore, amidoxime groups not only enhanced hydrophilicity but also adjusts adsorbents pKa. AO‐Fc faces minimum interference of competing ions and achieves a high uranium adsorption capacity of 8.57 ± 0.02 and 409 ± 1 mg/g in seawater and simulated solution. Despite its stable structure, AO‐Fc exhibits a long life span and negligible weight loss revealed AO‐Fc could be applied as a potential adsorbent for radionuclides.
Centering culture in the treatment of opioid use disorder with American Indian and Alaska Native Communities: Contributions from a National Collaborative Board
Authors: Hirchak Katherine A. , Nadeau Melanie , Vasquez Angel , Hernandez‐Vallant Alexandra , Smith Kyle , Pham Cuong , Oliver Karen Anderson , Baukol Paulette , Lizzy Karen , Shaffer Racquel , Herron Jalene , Campbell Aimee N. C. , Venner Kamilla L. ,   The CTN‐0096 Collaborative Board
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmerican Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities are disproportionally impacted by the opioid overdose epidemic. There remains a dearth of research evaluating methods for effectively implementing treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) within these communities. We describe proceedings from a 2‐day Collaborative Board (CB) meeting tasked with developing an implementation intervention for AI/AN clinical programs to improve the delivery of medications to treat OUD (MOUD). The CB was comprised of Elders, cultural leaders, providers, individuals with lived experience with OUD, and researchers from over 25 communities, organizations, and academic institutions. Conversations were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and coded by two academic researchers with interpretation oversight provided by the CB. These proceedings provided a foundation for ongoing CB work and a frame for developing the program‐level implementation intervention using a strength‐based and holistic model of OUD recovery and wellbeing. Topics of discussion posed to the CB included engagement and recovery strategies, integration of extended family traditions, and addressing stigma and building trust with providers and clients. Integration of traditional healing practices, ceremonies, and other cultural practices was recommended. The importance of centering AI/AN culture and involving family were highlighted as priorities for the intervention.