bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refresh Rate and Graphical Benchmarks for Mobile VR Application Development
Authors: Wang Zhong , Foo Kenneth , Yan Steven , Gonzalez Vicente A. , Giacaman Nasser 
Published: July 2022

Virtual reality (VR) technology is quickly becoming more accessible to the general public due to the availability and capabilities of modern smartphone devices. However, such mobile devices are not as powerful as high-end desktop systems where VR is mostly established. Running demanding VR apps leads to performance issues such as lag, excessive heat, and fast battery drainage. To avoid these problems, software factors must be optimised. The user evaluation (N=51)(N=51) involved presenting multiple VR scenes (with varying frame rates), requiring participants to judge which scenes felt smooth; the results indicate that anything below 50 FPS was tolerable at best and nauseating at worst. To also measure the performance impact of various software settings, benchmarks were conducted on different smartphones. The results highlight the effects when varying the number of displayed on-screen objects, as well as outlining which settings should be avoid when specifically targeting mobile VR platforms. Heat and battery life were found to be non-issues at recommended performance levels. The proposed work established valuable guidelines which can be helpful for real time applications in development time reduction and complexity simplification from graphical and refresh rate optimization perspectives.
Global influenza surveillance systems to detect the spread of influenza-negative influenza-like illness during the COVID-19 pandemic: Time series outlier analyses from 2015–2020
Authors: Cobb Natalie L. , Collier Sigrid , Attia Engi F. , Augusto Orvalho , West T. Eoin , Wagenaar Bradley H. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundSurveillance systems are important in detecting changes in disease patterns and can act as early warning systems for emerging disease outbreaks. We hypothesized that analysis of data from existing global influenza surveillance networks early in the COVID-19 pandemic could identify outliers in influenza-negative influenza-like illness (ILI). We used data-driven methods to detect outliers in ILI that preceded the first reported peaks of COVID-19.Methods and findingsWe used data from the World Health Organization’s Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System to evaluate time series outliers in influenza-negative ILI. Using automated autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series outlier detection models and baseline influenza-negative ILI training data from 2015–2019, we analyzed 8,792 country-weeks across 28 countries to identify the first week in 2020 with a positive outlier in influenza-negative ILI. We present the difference in weeks between identified outliers and the first reported COVID-19 peaks in these 28 countries with high levels of data completeness for influenza surveillance data and the highest number of reported COVID-19 cases globally in 2020. To account for missing data, we also performed a sensitivity analysis using linear interpolation for missing observations of influenza-negative ILI. In 16 of the 28 countries (57%) included in this study, we identified positive outliers in cases of influenza-negative ILI that predated the first reported COVID-19 peak in each country; the average lag between the first positive ILI outlier and the reported COVID-19 peak was 13.3 weeks (standard deviation 6.8). In our primary analysis, the earliest outliers occurred during the week of January 13, 2020, in Peru, the Philippines, Poland, and Spain. Using linear interpolation for missing data, the earliest outliers were detected during the weeks beginning December 30, 2019, and January 20, 2020, in Poland and Peru, respectively. This contrasts with the reported COVID-19 peaks, which occurred on April 6 in Poland and June 1 in Peru. In many low- and middle-income countries in particular, the lag between detected outliers and COVID-19 peaks exceeded 12 weeks. These outliers may represent undetected spread of SARS-CoV-2, although a limitation of this study is that we could not evaluate SARS-CoV-2 positivity.ConclusionsUsing an automated system of influenza-negative ILI outlier monitoring may have informed countries of the spread of COVID-19 more than 13 weeks before the first reported COVID-19 peaks. This proof-of-concept paper suggests that a system of influenza-negative ILI outlier monitoring could have informed national and global responses to SARS-CoV-2 during the rapid spread of this novel pathogen in early 2020.
On the use of multi–objective evolutionary classifiers for breast cancer detection
Authors: Dioşan Laura , Andreica Anca , Voiculescu Irina 
Published: July 2022

PurposeBreast cancer is one of the most common tumours in women, nevertheless, it is also one of the cancers that is most usually treated. As a result, early detection is critical, which can be accomplished by routine mammograms. This paper aims to describe, analyze, compare and evaluate three image descriptors involved in classifying breast cancer images from four databases.ApproachMulti–Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) prove themselves as being efficient methods for selection and classification problems. This paper aims to study combinations of well–known classification objectives in order to compare the results of their application in solving very specific learning problems. The experimental results undergo empirical analysis which is supported by a statistical approach. The results are illustrated on a collection of medical image databases, but with a focus on the MOEAs’ performance in terms of several well–known measures. The databases were chosen specifically to feature reliable human annotations, so as to measure the correlation between the gold standard classifications and the various MOEA classifications.ResultsWe have seen how different statistical tests rank one algorithm over the others in our set as being better. These findings are unsurprising, revealing that there is no single gold standard for comparing diverse techniques or evolutionary algorithms. Furthermore, building meta-classifiers and evaluating them using a single, favorable metric is both extremely unwise and unsatisfactory, as the impact is to skew the results.ConclusionsThe best method to address these flaws is to select the right set of objectives and criteria. Using accuracy-related objectives, for example, is directly linked to maximizing the number of true positives. If, on the other hand, accuracy is chosen as the generic metric, the primary classification goal is shifted to increasing the positively categorized data points.
Prevalence of low bone formation in untreated patients with osteoporosis
Authors: Malluche Hartmut H. , Davenport Daniel L. , Lima Florence , Monier-Faugere Marie-Claude 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundOsteoporosis treatment usually starts with an antiresorber and switches to an anabolic agent if it fails. It is known that suppressing bone resorption also results in reduced bone formation. In addition, patients with prior treatment with antiresorbers may have reduced response to subsequent anabolic treatment. This study determined the prevalence of low bone formation in untreated osteoporosis patients to identify patients who may not be optimally treated under the current paradigm.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of bone samples stored in the Kentucky Bone Registry. Included samples were from adult patients presenting for workup of osteoporosis. Exclusion criteria were other diseases or treatments affecting bone. Patients underwent iliac crest bone biopsies after tetracycline labeling for identification of bone formation.Results107 patients met study criteria, 92 White and 5 Black women and 10 White men. Forty percent of patients (43/107) had low bone formation/bone surface (BFR/BS < 0.56 mm3/cm2/yr). Clinical and serum parameters did not differ between formation groups, except for type II diabetes, which was found exclusively in the low formation group.ConclusionsStarting treatment of osteoporotic patients with an antiresorber in all patients appears not optimal for a significant portion.
Circadian rhythms in metabolic organs and the microbiota during acute fasting in mice
Authors: Pickel Lauren , Lee Ju Hee , Maughan Heather , Shi Irisa Qianwen , Verma Navkiran , Yeung Christy , Guttman David , Sung Hoon‐Ki 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe circadian clock regulates metabolism in anticipation of regular changes in the environment. It is found throughout the body, including in key metabolic organs such as the liver, adipose tissues, and intestine, where the timing of the clock is set largely by nutrient signaling. However, the circadian clocks of these tissues during the fasted state have not been completely characterized. Moreover, the sufficiency of a functioning host clock to produce diurnal rhythms in the composition of the microbiome in fasted animals has not been explored. To this end, mice were fasted 24 h prior to collection of key metabolic tissues and fecal samples for the analysis of circadian clock gene expression and microbiome composition. Rhythm characteristics were determined using CircaCompare software. We identify tissue‐specific changes to circadian clock rhythms upon fasting, particularly in the brown adipose tissue, and for the first time demonstrate the rhythmicity of the microbiome in fasted animals.
Die Konformitätsbewertung komplexer Systeme am Beispiel der Strahlung einer 5G-Basisstation
Authors: Pythoud Frédéric 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Eine der neuesten Entwicklungen im Bereich der mobilen Kommunikation heißt 5G, für Mobilfunksystem der fünften Generation. In Europa hat die Einführung der 5G-Technologie viele Ängste in der Bevölkerung hervorgerufen. Die Technologie ist komplex und erfordert Spezialwissen. Der Nachweis, dass eine Basisstation die Anforderungen an die Strahlenbegrenzung erfüllt, erfordert zuverlässige Messmethoden. Die Messunsicherheit, die jedoch schwer abzuschätzen ist, spielt dabei eine wichtige Rolle. Dieser Artikel behandelt die Problematik der Konformitätsbewertung komplexer Systeme am Beispiel einer 5G-Basisstation.
Das Konzept des „Rechtsmissbrauchs“ im Europäischen Umwandlungsrecht
Authors: Teichmann Christoph 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die 2019 verabschiedete Richtlinie zu grenzüberschreitenden Umwandlungen regelt ein geordnetes Verfahren für den Formwechsel, die Spaltung und die Verschmelzung über die Grenze. Eine solche Umwandlung ist stets mit einem Wechsel des anwendbaren Gesellschaftsrechts verbunden und berührt insoweit die Interessen verschiedener Personengruppen (insb. Minderheitsgesellschafter, Gläubiger und Arbeitnehmer), für deren Schutz die Richtlinie spezielle Vorsorge trifft. Darüber hinaus will sie mit Hilfe einer Generalklausel verhindern, dass die grenzüberschreitende Umwandlung zur betrügerischen oder missbräuchlichen Umgehung von Rechtsnormen oder gar zu kriminellen Zwecken missbraucht werden kann (unter I.). Die Bekämpfung von Rechtsmissbrauch ist ein grundsätzlich legitimes Anliegen, zu dem es in der Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofes reichhaltiges Fallmaterial gibt (unter II.). Der allgemeine Gedanke entfaltet sich allerdings unterschiedlich je nach der konkreten Regelungsmaterie, in deren Kontext der Missbrauchsvorwurf erhoben wird (unter III.). In dieses Gesamttableau sollen die Auslegungs- und Anwendungsfragen der hier behandelten umwandlungsrechtlichen Missbrauchsklausel eingeordnet werden (unter IV.). Die wesentlichen Ergebnisse werden unter V. zusammengefasst.
The New Framework Planned for the Legal Recognition and Regulation of Muslim Marriages in a Secular South Africa: From Litigation to Law Reform
Authors: Moosa Najma , Abduroaf Muneer 
Published: July 2022

Muslims, who originate from the East Indies and the Indian sub-continent, have a history in South Africa dating back more than three centuries. Attempts by South African Muslims to have their Muslim marriages (nikāḥs) recognized have a history spanning more than three decades, starting during white minority or apartheid rule and concluding during democracy. Although the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, makes provision for Muslim marriages to be formally and separately recognized through legislation, it is a travesty of justice that there is, to date, no legislative framework for the recognition and regulation of the consequences flowing from such marriages. This article critically analyses recent and current litigation and judicial developments and parallel law reform and policy processes pertaining to the formal, future recognition and regulation of Muslim marriages in South Africa. As such, it does not provide any detail regarding why Muslim marriages remain unrecognized or the substantive law content and regulation of Muslim marriages. AbstrakUmat Islam yang berasal dari Hindia Timur dan anak benua India, memiliki sejarah di Afrika Selatan lebih dari tiga abad. Upaya Muslim Afrika Selatan untuk mengakui pernikahan Muslim mereka memiliki sejarah lebih dari tiga dekade, dimulai pada masa pemerintahan minoritas kulit putih atau apartheid dan berakhir selama demokrasi. Meskipun Konstitusi Republik Afrika Selatan, 1996, membuat ketentuan agar pernikahan Muslim diakui secara formal dan terpisah melalui undang-undang, namun hal itu adalah sebuah ironi keadilan bahwa hingga saat ini, tidak ada kerangka legislatif untuk pengakuan dan pengaturan konsekuensinya. Berdasarkan hal itu, artikel ini secara kritis menganalisis perkembangan litigasi dan peradilan saat ini serta reformasi hukum dan proses kebijakan yang berkaitan dengan pengakuan formal dan masa depan pernikahan Muslim di Afrika Selatan. Kerangka hukum tersebut tidak memberikan rincian apapun mengenai mengapa pernikahan Muslim tetap tidak diakui atau isi hukum substantif dan peraturan pernikahan Muslim.
Study of the Syntactic Structures of Direct Speech in Spanish and Chinese
Authors: Yu Yang 
Published: July 2022

Quote is one of the general linguistic phenomena. The direct speech and indirect speech are its two primary procedures. As the direct speech is universal and it exists in all languages, in this work we focus on its formal structures in two different languages, the Spanish and the Chinese. The study mainly includes two parts. The first part consists in clarifying theoretical questions about quote from speech acts theory. We illustrate that the minimum unit of the study is utterance, which contains a linguistic statement and a pragmatic modality. The second part is to investigate the direct speech’s formal structures in both languages, such as the syntactic relation (hypotaxis, parataxis or other discursive nature) between the introductory expression and the reproduced part; direct speech’s syntactic variants with a series of pronouns (así-como-cómo) and the different types of the structuralsuperpositions in the direct speech. The contrasts of the direct speech in these two languages mainlyreside in the orthography and the position of the reproductive framework. In the end, we can concludethat the characteristic of being universal not only reflects on its use, but also on its formal structures.
Comparative analysis of P-POSSUM score at admission and pre-operatively in predicting postoperative mortality in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy
Authors: Roy Vivek Kumar , Kumar Mukesh , Sinha Saumya , Gopal Krishna , Roy Sukalyan Saha 
Published: July 2022

Laprotomy remains one of the commonest emergency surgical procedure performed worldwide. But over the last few years, various perioperative quality improvement initiatives involving early interventions, intensive postoperative care, and indivisualised care approaches have ensured a decrease in the average mortality rate by 3.8%-8.3. An ideal scoring system should accurately predict outcomes, help determine who deserves more aggressive care, guide in deciding the extensiveness of surgery, and can be used broadly access emergency laprotomies for various disease pathologies. The scoring system should also be capable of analyzing risk adjusted morbidity and mortality amongst various healthcare providers. To access the accuracy of P-POSSUM score on predicting the mortality and morbidity in emergency laparotomy patients and to establish that the preoperative score is more accurate that admission score. 150 Cases of emergency laparotomy in General Surgery Department in IGIMS, Patna from September, 2020 to February, 2022 were taken up in this study. Patients below 18 years, routine surgery and 6 patients who could not be followed up for complete 30 days were excluded. Physiological P-POSSUM was calculated at the time of admission and just before operation, post resuscitation. Operative score was same for both Physiological P-POSSUM scores. Mortality predicted at admission had statistically significant difference and p value was&#60;0 xss=removed&#62;.05. Most common complication was wound infection followed by septicaemia. P-POSSUM is a better predictor of mortality and morbidity in emergency laparotomies when scoring is done preoperatively.
Використання безсерверних функцій в алгоритмі розрахунку цільової точки траєкторії при динамічному навантаженні
Authors: Ахаладзе I. , Лісовиченко O. 
Published: July 2022

Реалізована архітектура з використанням безсерверних функцій для аналізу виходу в цільову точку траєкторії члена рою в умовах динамічного навантаження з меншим споживанням енергії. Використання підходу, реалізаціяматематичного апарату розрахунку цільової точки та перевірки виходу в цій точці, з точки зору поставленої задачі дозволяє більш ефективно використовувати енергію на вузлі синхронізації на 37,5%, а оскільки розрахунки переносяться в хмару, витрати в інших частинах споживання енергії на передачу даних. Це дозволяє значно продовжити роботу роя в умовах обмеженості енергетичних ресурсів і збільшити час польоту роя.
Бібл. 8, іл. 5.
Platelet aggregation under the conditions of vortex flow in vitro in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Trubacheva O. A. , Kologrivova I. V. , Suslova T. E. , Swarovskaya A. V. , Garganeeva A. A. 
Published: July 2022

Aim. To compare the effect of increased concentrations of aggregation inducers (five-fold addition) under standard conditions and under the conditions of vortex flow in vitro on platelet aggregation in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).Materials and methods. The study included 28 patients. The activity of platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was evaluated according to light transmission curves (%) and the average size of aggregates (relative units (rel. units)). The aggregation inducer was added once at 10 seconds of the study (standard procedure) and five times at 10 seconds, 1, 2, 3, and 4 minutes of the study with a constant stirring rate of 800 rpm. The same parameters were evaluated under the conditions of vortex flow, which was created by changing the stirring rate of the PRP from 800 rpm to 0 rpm and again to 800 rpm by pressing the centrifugation button on the analyzer.Results. In the course of the study, the size of the aggregates increased in patients with CHF only under the conditions of vortex flow. When a collagen aggregation inducer was added both at the concentration of 2 mmol / l and 10 mmol / l, platelet aggregation parameters increased under the conditions of vortex flow. During the study of epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation in patients with CHF, an increase in the aggregation parameters was revealed, both at five-fold addition of the inducer and under the conditions of vortex flow compared with the standard method.Conclusion. The proposed methodological approaches to creating the conditions for vortex flow in vitro and to five-fold addition of epinephrine showed an increase in the size of the aggregates and the degree of platelet aggregation. Collagen-induced aggregation under the conditions of vortex flow revealed 7 (25%) patients with high residual platelet reactivity (HRPR), and epinephrine-induced aggregation detected 15 (54%) patients with HRPR.
An artifiсial intelligence computer system for differential diagnosis of lysosomal storage diseases
Authors: Kobrinskii B. A. , Blagosklonov N. A. , Demikova N. S. , Nikolaeva E. A. , Kotalevskaya Y. Y. , Melikyan L. P. , Zinovieva Y. M. 
Published: July 2022

Aim. To improve the efficiency of diagnosis of hereditary lysosomal storage diseases using an intelligent computerbased decision support system.Materials and methods. Descriptions of 35 clinical cases from the literature and depersonalized data of 52 patients from electronic health records were used as material for clinical testing of the computer diagnostic system. Knowledge engineering techniques have been used to extract, structure, and formalize knowledge from texts and experts. Literary sources included online databases and publications (in Russian and English). On this basis, for each clinical form of lysosomal diseases, textological cards were created, the information in which was corrected by experts. Then matrices were formed, including certainty factors (coefficients) for the manifestation, severity, and relevance of signs for each age group (up to 1 year, from 1 to 3 years inclusive, from 4 to 6 years inclusive, 7 years and older). The knowledge base of the expert system was implemented on the ontology network and included a disease model with reference variants of clinical forms. Decision making was carried out using production rules.Results. The expert computer system was developed to support clinical decision-making at the pre-laboratory stage of differential diagnosis of lysosomal storage diseases. The result of its operation was a ranked list of hypotheses, reflecting the degree of their compliance with reference descriptions of clinical disease forms in the knowledge base. Clinical testing was carried out on cases from literary sources and patient data from electronic health records. The criterion for assessing the effectiveness of disease recognition was inclusion of the verified diagnosis in the list of five hypotheses generated by the system. Based on the testing results, the accuracy was 87.4%.Conclusion. The expert system for the diagnosis of hereditary diseases has shown fairly high efficiency at the stage of compiling a differential diagnosis list at the pre-laboratory stage, which allows us to speak about the possibility of its use in clinical practice.
Minor Trauma Caused High-Grade Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis After Short-Segment Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Le Anh X. , Patel Vikas V. , Campos Joshua C. 
Published: July 2022

Case:
Ten days after L3-L5 instrumented posterior lumbar spinal fusion, an 85-year-old woman developed Grade 4 spondylolisthesis at L5-S1 after a minor fall. She underwent posterior open reduction and internal fixation with extension of fusion from L2 to the pelvis. The preexisting hardware at L5 caused partial laceration of the right L5 nerve root. One year after surgery, computed tomography demonstrated maintenance of correction and fusion at L5-S1.

Conclusion:
High-grade lumbosacral spondylolisthesis can occur with minor trauma after short-segment lumbar fusion. Maintenance of correction and fusion is achievable with posterior open reduction and internal fixation to the pelvis alone. Preexisting hardware can damage nerve roots causing permanent neurological deficits.