bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of living and coping with spinal cord disability due to road traffic injuries: A phenomenological study
Authors: Hashemiparast Mina , Sheydaei Hajieh , Chattu Vijay Kumar , Gharacheh Maryam 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Globally, people living with spinal cord disability experience more limitations in an individual and social life. In many cases, this leads to complex psychological and social problems that may also affect the adaptation to the conditions. The aim of the study was to explore the experience of living and coping with disability in people with spinal cord disability due to road traffic accidents in Iran’s cultural context. Methods This is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach on 10 Iranian people with spinal cord disability due to road traffic injuries. Data collection and analysis were performed from September to March 2019. Data were collected through individual, face-to-face in-depth interviews, and the experience of living with disability and adaptation strategies were explored. Van Manen’s methodical activities were used to guide the study’s process. Results “Victim of destiny” was the main theme extracted from three themes and nine sub-themes. The disabled people viewed life as a prison that destiny had ordained for them and trapped them in the fences of isolation, anger, regret, anxiety, sorrow, pity, and futility such that they require assistance from others as dependent individuals. The participants’ coping strategies to adjust to their difficulties were religious recourse, satisfaction with God’s expediency, and change of life values. Conclusions Spinal cord disability imposed irreversible restrictions on the participants’ lives. Providing social support, empowering disabled people to overcome their limitations, and adopting religious recourse can help them to recover their mental health and better cope with their conditions.
A web-based comprehensive head and neck cancer patient education and support needs program: Usability testing
Authors: Jabbour Joe , Dhillon Haryana M , Shepherd Heather L , Sundaresan Puma , Milross Chris , Clark Jonathan R 
Published: April 2022

Background: With increasing accessibility of the World Wide Web, patients are using it to obtain patient education materials (PEM). With this in mind, our group (surgeons, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, nursing, allied health professionals and academic researchers) developed a comprehensive information resource for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), the Head and Neck Cancer Australia, formerly Beyond Five website. The aim of this study was to determine patient usability of the Head and Neck Cancer Australia website. Methods: Usability testing (Cognitive walkthrough & Think-Aloud) in 18 patients treated for HNC was undertaken at a Cancer centre (anonymous for reviewers). Results: The tasks rated easiest by patients were finding information on psychological well-being (mean time spent: 66 s, range: 10–565), health and well-being effecting quality of life (mean time spent: 36 s, range 9–117) and carer information (mean time spent: 10 s, range 3–35). Patients indicated the website contained a lot of information, covers most topics, was a trusted source of information and a springboard to other information. Conclusions: The Head and Neck Cancer Australia website provides a wide range of information and support in multiple formats available to HNC patients. Further refinements in design, navigation and website instructions are needed to allow effective patient interaction.
The incidence and spectrum of congenital hand differences in patients with Fanconi anaemia: analysis of 48 patients
Authors: Bourke Grainne , Wilks Daniel , Kinsey Sally , Feltbower Richard G. , Giri Neelam , Alter Blanche P. 
Published: April 2022

We analysed the spectrum of congenital hand differences in a cohort of patients with Fanconi anaemia (FA). Data of 48 FA patients at the National Cancer Institute were reviewed focusing on age at diagnosis, type and severity of limb difference and any potential association with other known clinical anomalies that are part of the FA phenotype, specifically VACTERL-H and PHENOS. Twenty-eight patients had an upper limb difference, which always included thumb hypoplasia. Twenty-three patients had bilateral upper limb differences, including varying combinations and severities of thumb hypoplasia, radial dysplasia and thumb duplication. Patients with a limb difference were diagnosed at a younger age (<2 years: 15/28 with limb anomaly versus 4/20 without a limb anomaly). However, 7/28 with limb anomalies, usually thumb hypoplasia, were not diagnosed until after 6 years of age. This study demonstrates the broad spectrum of radial ray anomalies within the FA phenotype along with the possibility of either unilateral or bilateral upper limb differences and adds further merit to consideration of screening for FA in all cases of radial ray anomaly. Level of evidence: II
Changing Trends in the Survival of Immunosuppressed Children with Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ritter Amit , Barzilai-Birenboim Shlomit , Rapana Olga Gordon , Fischer Salvador , Levy Itzhak , Soudry Ethan , Gilony Dror 
Published: April 2022

Background Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis has been associated with high mortality rates. Objective We aimed to explore the contribution of novel detection and treatment methods on the outcome of immunosuppressed children with acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Methods The records of all children with a hematologic or oncologic disease who developed acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis between 2005–2020 were reviewed. Results Thirty-four patients were included. Aspergillosis and mucormycosis were diagnosed in 20 patients (59%) and 12 patients (35%), respectively. Panfungal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was associated with a change of treatment in 36% of patients. A more aggressive surgical approach as well as treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and novel antifungals were adopted in recent years. Overall, 26% of patients died of disease, however no disease-specific death occurred since 2012. Diagnosis using panfungal PCR ( p   =  .04) and treatment with novel antifungal medications ( p   =  .017) were significantly associated with disease-specific survival. Conclusion Enhanced fungal detection using panfungal PCR and treatment with novel antifungal agents, combined with rapid diagnosis and treatment, aggressive surgical approach and better control over the underlying oncological disease, may significantly improve the outcome of immunosuppressed children with acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis.
Studies on the second victim phenomenon and other related topics in the pan-European environment: The experience of ERNST Consortium members
Authors: Carrillo Irene , Tella Susanna , Strametz Reinhard , Vanhaecht Kris , Panella Massimiliano , Guerra-Paiva Sofia , Knezevic Bojana , Ungureanu Marius-Ionut , Srulovici Einav , Buttigieg Sandra , Sousa Paulo , Mira Jose 
Published: April 2022

Background Patient safety is a priority worldwide. When things go wrong in the provision of patient care, the healthcare professionals involved can be psychologically affected (second victims, SVs). Recently, different initiatives have been launched to address this phenomenon. Aim To identify through the ERNST Pan-European Consortium the current study lines in Europe on SVs and other topics related to how the lack of well-being of healthcare professionals can affect the quality of care. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted based on an ad hoc online survey. All 82 academics and clinicians who had formalized their membership to the COST Action 19113 by September 2020 and represented 27 European and one neighboring country were invited to participate. The survey consisted of 19 questions that explored the participants’ scientific profile, their interests, and previous experiences in the SVs’ topic, and related areas of work in Europe. Results Seventy (85.4%) COST Action members responded to the survey. Thirty-seven (37.1%) had conducted SV studies in the past or were doing so at the moment of the survey. Seventeen participants were involved in implementing interventions to support SVs. Future lines of study included legal issues, open disclosure, training programs, and patient safety curricula. Conclusions Studies have been conducted in Europe on the magnitude of the SV phenomenon and the usefulness of some techniques to promote resilience among healthcare professionals. New gaps have been identified. The COST Action 19113 aims to foster European collaboration to reinforce the healthcare professionals’ well-being and thus contribute to patient safety.
Molecular subclusters of follicular lymphoma: a report from the United Kingdom’s Haematological Malignancy Research Network
Authors: Crouch Simon , Painter Daniel , Barrans Sharon L. , Roman Eve , Beer Philip A. , Cooke Susanna L. , Glover Paul , Van Hoppe Suzan J.L. , Webster Nichola , Lacy Stuart E. , Ruiz Camilo , Campbell Peter J. , Hodson Daniel J. , Patmore Russell , Burton Cathy , Smith Alexandra , Tooze Reuben M. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is morphologically and clinically diverse, with mutations in epigenetic regulators alongside t(14;18) identified as disease-initiating events. Identification of additional mutational entities confirms this cancer’s heterogeneity, but whether mutational data can be resolved into mechanistically distinct subsets remains an open question. Targeted sequencing was applied to an unselected population-based FL cohort (n = 548) with full clinical follow-up (n = 538), which included 96 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) transformations. We investigated whether molecular subclusters of FL can be identified and whether mutational data provide predictive information relating to transformation. DNA extracted from FL samples was sequenced with a 293-gene panel representing genes frequently mutated in DLBCL and FL. Three clusters were resolved using mutational data alone, independent of translocation status: FL_aSHM, with high burden of aberrant somatic hypermutation (aSHM) targets; FL_STAT6, with high STAT6 & CREBBP mutation and low aSHM; and FL_Com, with the absence of features of other subtypes and enriched KMT2D mutation. Analysis of mutation signatures demonstrated differential enrichment of predicted mutation signatures between subgroups and a dominant preference in the FL_aSHM subgroup for G(C&gt;T)T and G(C&gt;T)C transitions consistent with previously defined aSHM-like patterns. Of transformed cases with paired samples, 17 of 26 had evidence of branching evolution. Poorer overall survival (OS) in the aSHM group (P = .04) was associated with older age; however, overall tumor genetics provided limited information to predict individual patient risk. Our approach identifies 3 molecular subclusters of FL linked to differences in underlying mechanistic pathways. These clusters, which may be further resolved by the inclusion of translocation status and wider mutation profiles, have implications for understanding pathogenesis as well as improving treatment strategies in the future.
Megakaryocyte/platelet-derived TGF-β1 inhibits megakaryopoiesis in bone marrow by regulating thrombopoietin production in liver
Authors: Gostynska Sandra , Venkatesan Thamizhiniyan , Subramani Kumar , Cortez Brienne , Robertson Amanda , Subrahmanian Sandeep , Dube Pratibha , Ahamed Jasimuddin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) regulates a wide variety of events in adult bone marrow (BM), including quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells, via undefined mechanisms. Because megakaryocytes (MKs)/platelets are a rich source of TGF-β1, we assessed whether TGF-β1 might inhibit its own production by comparing mice with conditional inactivation of Tgfb1 in MKs (PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox) and control mice. PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox mice had ∼30% more MKs in BM and ∼15% more circulating platelets than control mice (P &lt; .001). Thrombopoietin (TPO) levels in plasma and TPO expression in liver were approximately twofold higher in PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox than in control mice (P &lt; .01), whereas TPO expression in BM cells was similar between these mice. In BM cell culture, TPO treatment increased the number of MKs from wild-type mice by approximately threefold, which increased approximately twofold further in the presence of a TGF-β1–neutralizing antibody and increased the number of MKs from PF4Cre;Tgfb1flox/flox mice approximately fourfold. Our data reveal a new role for TGF-β1 produced by MKs/platelets in regulating its own production in BM via increased TPO production in the liver. Additional studies are required to determine the mechanism.
SIRPα+ macrophages are increased in patients with FL who progress or relapse after frontline lenalidomide and rituximab
Authors: Marques-Piubelli Mario L. , Parra Edwin R. , Feng Lei , Soto Luisa Solis , Gallardo Mariana , Gouni Sushanth , Samaniego Felipe , Noorani Mansoor , Hagemeister Fredrick B. , Westin Jason R. , Lee Hun Ju , Rodriguez Maria A. , Neelapu Sattva S. , Gunther Jillian R. , Fowler Nathan H. , Flowers Christopher R. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Nastoupil Loretta J. , Vega Francisco , Strati Paolo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Limited data exist regarding the outcome of patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) who relapse or progress after frontline lenalidomide and rituximab (R2). Moreover, mechanisms of resistance to R2 in FL remain unclear, with increased protumoral macrophages suspected as a major contributory culprit to this phenomenon. This retrospective study analyzed the outcome of patients with advanced-stage FL grade 1 to 3A who relapsed or progressed after frontline R2. A multiplex immunofluorescence macrophage panel, including CD47, CD14, CD68, CD115 (also known as colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor [CSF1R]), CD163, CD172a (also known as signal regulatory protein α [SIRPα]), and CD274 (also known as programmed cell death-ligand 1 [PDL1]), was used to stain tissue biopsy specimens collected before initiation of R2 and at the time of progression. Among 156 patients with advanced-stage FL treated with frontline R2, 33 (21%) relapsed or progressed and required second-line therapy, after a median of 33 months (range, 1-122 months). Second-line therapy was chemoimmunotherapy in 16 (48%) patients and other therapy in 17 (52%). The overall response rate was 78%, and complete response rate was 72%. Median progression-free survival was significantly longer in patients who received chemoimmunotherapy compared with other therapy (99 vs 25 months; P = .004). Three macrophage populations were significantly increased in tissue samples collected at progression compared with before frontline treatment: CD68+CD115+ (P = .02), CD68+CD115+CD172a+ (P = .02), and CD68+CD163+CD172a+ (P = .01). Chemoimmunotherapy is an effective treatment strategy for patients with FL who relapse after frontline R2. Therapies targeting specific macrophage populations may yield novel approaches for improving outcomes with frontline R2.
Combined miRNA and SERS urine liquid biopsy for the point-of-care diagnosis and molecular stratification of bladder cancer
Authors: Moisoiu Tudor , Dragomir Mihnea P. , Iancu Stefania D. , Schallenberg Simon , Birolo Giovanni , Ferrero Giulio , Burghelea Dan , Stefancu Andrei , Cozan Ramona G. , Licarete Emilia , Allione Alessandra , Matullo Giuseppe , Iacob Gheorghita , Bálint Zoltán , Badea Radu I. , Naccarati Alessio , Horst David , Pardini Barbara , Leopold Nicolae , Elec Florin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Bladder cancer (BC) has the highest per-patient cost of all cancer types. Hence, we aim to develop a non-invasive, point-of-care tool for the diagnostic and molecular stratification of patients with BC based on combined microRNAs (miRNAs) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) profiling of urine.

Methods
Next-generation sequencing of the whole miRNome and SERS profiling were performed on urine samples collected from 15 patients with BC and 16 control subjects (CTRLs). A retrospective cohort (BC = 66 and CTRL = 50) and RT-qPCR were used to confirm the selected differently expressed miRNAs. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, naïve Bayes, and random forest), which were trained to discriminate between BC and CTRL, using as input either miRNAs, SERS, or both. The molecular stratification of BC based on miRNA and SERS profiling was performed to discriminate between high-grade and low-grade tumors and between luminal and basal types.

Results
Combining SERS data with three differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-34a-5p, miR-205-3p, miR-210-3p) yielded an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.92 ± 0.06 in discriminating between BC and CTRL, an accuracy which was superior either to miRNAs (AUC = 0.84 ± 0.03) or SERS data (AUC = 0.84 ± 0.05) individually. When evaluating the classification accuracy for luminal and basal BC, the combination of miRNAs and SERS profiling averaged an AUC of 0.95 ± 0.03 across the three machine learning algorithms, again better than miRNA (AUC = 0.89 ± 0.04) or SERS (AUC = 0.92 ± 0.05) individually, although SERS alone performed better in terms of classification accuracy.

Conclusion
miRNA profiling synergizes with SERS profiling for point-of-care diagnostic and molecular stratification of BC. By combining the two liquid biopsy methods, a clinically relevant tool that can aid BC patients is envisaged.
Divergent and non-parallel evolution of MHC IIB in the Neotropical Midas cichlid species complex
Authors: Bracamonte Seraina E. , Hofmann Melinda J. , Lozano-Martín Carlos , Eizaguirre Christophe , Barluenga Marta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundEcological diversification is the result of divergent natural selection by contrasting habitat characteristics that favours the evolution of distinct phenotypes. This process can happen in sympatry and in allopatry. Habitat-specific parasite communities have the potential to drive diversification among host populations by imposing selective pressures on their host's immune system. In particular, the hyperdiverse genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are implicated in parasite-mediated host divergence. Here, we studied the extent of divergence at MHC, and discuss how it may have contributed to the Nicaraguan Midas cichlid species complex diversification, one of the most convincing examples of rapid sympatric parallel speciation.ResultsWe genotyped the MHC IIB for individuals from six sympatric Midas cichlid assemblages, each containing species that have adapted to exploit similar habitats. We recovered large allelic and functional diversity within the species complex. While most alleles were rare, functional groups of alleles (supertypes) were common, suggesting that they are key to survival and that they were maintained during colonization and subsequent radiations. We identified lake-specific and habitat-specific signatures for both allelic and functional diversity, but no clear pattern of parallel divergence among ecomorphologically similar phenotypes.ConclusionsColonization and demographic effects of the fish could have contributed to MHC evolution in the Midas cichlid in conjunction with habitat-specific selective pressures, such as parasites associated to alternative preys or environmental features. Additional ecological data will help evaluating the role of host–parasite interactions in the Midas cichlid radiations and aid in elucidating the potential role of non-parallel features differentiating crater lake species assemblages.
Clinical observation of posterior scleral reinforcement in the treatment of progressive high myopia in Chinese children: a retrospective study
Authors: Gao Shouming , Liu Yuanlong , Ma Shuting , Li Lixia , Mao Yanyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo observe the efficacy and safety of posterior sclera reinforcement over time.MethodsThis retrospective single-arm cohort study included children with high myopia who underwent the modified Snyder-Thompson type posterior sclera reinforcement surgery from 03/2015 to 08/2018 at Fuzhou Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Axial length (AL), corneal radius of curvature (CRC), AL/CRC, refractive error, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were observed from 1 year before the operation to 2 years after.ResultsNineteen children (33 eyes) with high myopia were included. The patients were 4.9 ± 2.7 (range, 2–10) years of age (three patients were 10 years old, all others were ≤ 7 years old). AL increased from 1 year before surgery to 2 years after surgery (from 25.31 ± 1.59 to 26.76 ± 1.52,P < 0.001). The refractive error was smaller 1 year before surgery than at the other timepoints (allP < 0.05). BCVA improved over time (P < 0.001). Changes over time were also observed in horizontal CRC (hCRC), AL/hCRC, AL/vertical CRC (vCRC), and AL/CRC (allP < 0.001), but not in vCRC (P= 0.304). The increase of AL at 2 years after surgery was smaller than at 1 year before surgery and 1 year after surgery (bothP < 0.001). The increase of AL/CRC at 2 years after surgery was smaller than at 1 year before surgery (0.04 ± 0.04 vs. 0.07 ± 0.04;P = 0.008).ConclusionIn the short term, posterior scleral reinforcement surgery can delay the increase of AL of progressive high myopia.
Suicidal behaviours among Ugandan university students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaggwa Mark Mohan , Arinaitwe Innocent , Muwanguzi Moses , Nduhuura Elicana , Kajjimu Jonathan , Kule Moses , Najjuka Sarah Maria , Nkola Rahel , Ajuna Noble , Wamala Nicholas Kisaakye , Machacha Ivan , Mamun Mohammed A. , Ho Cyrus Su-Hui , Griffiths Mark D. , Rukundo Godfrey Zari 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Suicide remains the leading cause of death among university students often resulting from multiple physical and psychological challenges. Moreover, suicidal behaviours among students appear to have increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic according to some studies.

Objective
To explore the prevalence and associated factors for suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts among university students in Uganda.

Methods
Cross-sectional study data were collected from May to September 2021 from 540 undergraduate university students in south-western Uganda (363 males, mean age 23.3 years). Questions from the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used to assess suicidal ideation, while other bespoke questions were used to assess suicide plans and attempts. The survey also investigated the suicide attempt/plan method, location of the suicidal activity, and reason for not enacting the suicide plan. Three independent regression analyses were used to determine the factors associated with different forms of suicidal behaviours.

Results
The prevalence of past-year suicidal behaviours was 31.85% for suicidal ideation, 8.15% for suicide plans, and 6.11% for suicide attempts. Having a chronic physical medical condition increased the likelihood of having all forms of suicidal behaviours. Suicidal ideation was associated with having difficulty paying university tuition fees. However, being in the fifth year of university education, and feeling satisfied with current academic grades reduced the likelihood of suicidal ideation. Individuals feeling satisfied with academic performance appeared to be a protective factor against having suicide plans. Suicide attempts were associated with having a history of sexual abuse and having difficulty paying university tuition fees. The most common method used for attempted suicide was a drug overdose, and the most common location for attempted suicide was their homes.

Conclusion
University students have prevalent suicide behaviours especially among students with a chronic physical medical condition, a history of sexual abuse, and problems paying university tuition fees. Based on the present study, for students at risk, universities should provide appropriate interventions such as life skills education and suicide prevention techniques.