bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infectious Crystalline Keratopathy after Penetrating Keratoplasty with Light and Electron Microscopic Examination
Authors: Berger Tim , Seitz Berthold , Bofferding Max , Flockerzi Fidelis , Schlötzer-Schrehardt Ursula , Daas Loay 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose To highlight the typical histological and ultrastructural features of severe infectious crystalline keratopathy (ICK) in a corneal graft, which required excimer
laser-assisted repeat penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and to present the challenging treatment conditions associated with ICK.
Methods An 85-year-old female patient underwent PKP for secondary graft failure after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) for Fuchsʼ endothelial corneal dystrophy in
the left eye. One year later, white branched opacities were observed in the superficial corneal stroma of the graft without surrounding inflammation in the left eye. The patient underwent
excimer laser-assisted repeat PKP (8.0/8.1 mm) in the left eye after prolonged refractory topical anti-infectious treatment for 1 month. The corneal explant was further examined by light and
transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Results The light microscopic examination of the corneal explant demonstrated aggregates of coccoid bacteria in the superficial and mid-stromal region that were positive for periodic
acid-Schiff (PAS) and Gram stain. The bacterial aggregates extended into the interlamellar spaces, showed a spindle-shaped appearance, and were not surrounded by an inflammatory cellular
reaction. TEM demonstrated lamellae separation within the anterior corneal stroma with spindle-shaped aggregates of bacteria, which were embedded in an extracellular amorphous matrix with
incipient calcification, being consistent with a biofilm. No inflammatory cellular reaction was evident by TEM. At discharge from hospital, the corrected visual acuity was 20/80 in the left
eye.
Conclusion ICK is often challenging due to the difficult diagnosis and treatment conditions. The refractory courses are mainly attributed to a biofilm formation, which inhibits
effective topical anti-infectious treatment. In such cases, (repeat) PKP may be necessary to completely remove the pathology, prevent recurrences, and improve vision.
Is Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Superior to Open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Single-Level Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis? A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yin Jianjian , Jiang Xijia , Xu Nanwei , Nong Luming , Jiang Yuqing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background In this study, we evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of full-endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for treatment of single-level lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis.
Methods Fifty-three patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical techniques: Full endoscopic (Endo)-TLIF (n = 25) and TLIF (n = 28). Clinical efficacy was evaluated pre- and postoperatively. The operation time, operative blood loss, postoperative amount of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), postoperative drainage volume, postoperative hospital stay time, total cost, and operative complications were also recorded.
Results Compared with the TLIF group, the Endo-TLIF group had similar intraoperative blood loss, less postoperative increased CPK, less postoperative drainage volume, and shorter postoperative hospital stay, but longer operative time and higher total cost. The postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores of back and leg pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores significantly improved compared with the preoperative scores in both two groups; more significant improvement of postoperative VAS scores of back pain and ODI scores were shown in the Endo-TLIF group at the 1-month follow-up (p < 0.05). No difference was found in the intervertebral fusion rate between the two groups.
Conclusion The Endo-TLIF has similar clinical effect compared with the TLIF for the treatment of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. It also has many surgical advantages such as less muscle trauma, less postoperative back pain, and fast functional recovery of the patient. However, steep learning curve, longer operative time, and higher total cost may be the disadvantages that limit this technique. Also, the Endo-TLIF treatment of patients with bilateral lateral recess stenosis is considered a relative contraindication.
Diagnostic Accuracy and Field for Improvement of Frameless Stereotactic Brain Biopsy: A Focus on Nondiagnostic Cases
Authors: He Zhexi , Zhu Cannon Xian Lun , Chan Danny Tat Ming , Cheung Tom Chi Yan , Ng Ho-Keung , Mok Vincent Chung Tong , Poon Wai Sang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background The diagnostic accuracy of frameless stereotactic brain biopsy has been reported, but there is limited literature focusing on the reasons for nondiagnostic cases. In this study, we evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of frameless stereotactic brain biopsy, compare it with the current international standard, and review the field for improvement.
Methods This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive, prospectively collected frameless stereotactic brain biopsies from 2007 to 2020. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the frameless stereotactic brain biopsies using defined criteria. The biopsy result was classified as conclusive, inconclusive, or negative, based on the pathologic, radiologic, and clinical diagnosis concordance. For inconclusive or negative results, we further evaluated the preoperative planning and postoperative imaging to review the errors. A literature review for the diagnostic accuracy of frameless stereotactic biopsy was performed for the validity of our results.
Results There were 106 patients with 109 biopsies performed from 2007 to 2020. The conclusive diagnosis was reached in 103 (94.5%) procedures. An inconclusive diagnosis was noted in four (3.7%) procedures and the biopsy was negative in two (1.9%) procedures. Symptomatic hemorrhage occurred in one patient (0.9%). There was no mortality in our series. Registration error (RE) and inaccurate targeting occurred in three trigonal lesions (2.8%), sampling of the nonrepresentative part of the lesion occurred in two cases (1.8%), and one biopsy (0.9%) for lymphoma was negative due to steroid treatment. The literature review suggested that our diagnostic accuracy was comparable with the published literature.
Conclusion The frameless stereotactic biopsy is a safe procedure with high diagnostic accuracy only if meticulous preoperative planning and careful intraoperative registration is performed. The common pitfalls precluding a conclusive diagnosis are RE and biopsies at nonrepresentative sites.
Synthesis of Spiro[benzofuran-2,3′-pyrazol]-3-imines from Aurone-Derived Azadienes and Hydrazonoyl Chlorides via Regio- and Diastereospecific [2+3] Cycloaddition
Authors: Askar Dilnigar , Liu Xiancheng , Obolda Ablikim , Xu Wei , Cheng Bin , Xu Yan , Wang Guixue , Wang Taimin , Zhai Hongbin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn array of spiro[benzofuran-2,3′-pyrazol]-3-imines with diverse functional groups were readily assembled from aurone-derived azadienes and in-situ generated nitrilimines under mild conditions. The transformation was performed in a regio- and diastereoselective fashion, in which a synergetic [2+3] cycloaddition pathway was likely involved. This novel methodology has extended the synthetic application of aurone-derived azadienes as a kind of two-atom synthon.
Demographic and Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with COVID-19-Associated Rhino-orbitocerebral Mucormycosis at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Madan Siddharth , Yadav Rekha , Rohatgi Jolly , Sharma Rahul , Nasir Iffat , Saini Aarushi , Tadu Nampi , Das Gopal Krushna , Sahu Pramod Kumar , Gupta Neelima , Beri Nitika 
Published: December 2022

Objectives
Individuals affected with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increased enormously in northern India during the second wave of the novel coronavirus disease. This study determined the demographic and clinical profile including the risk factors in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital in northern India.

Materials and Methods
This is a descriptive study involving patients admitted with COVID-19-associated ROCM and were managed from May 2021 to 20th July 2021.

Statistical Analysis
The data was analyzed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics 20, SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States) software and Microsoft Excel (Version 16.49). The chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare various outcomes. A p-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results
One hundred and seventeen (117) patients (males: 70 [59.8%], females:47 [40.2%]) with the average age of 51.85 ± 12.80 years presented with orbital involvement. Diabetes mellitus was noted in 100 (86.2%) patients. Of the available data from the records, oxygen supplementation for the management of COVID-19 was received by 37/108 (34.3%) patients for a median average duration of 11 days. Forty-eight patients of one-hundred-seventeen (60%) patients were treated with corticosteroids with a median duration of steroid administration being 10 days. The duration between onset of symptoms related to mucormycosis and diagnosis of COVID-19 was 0 to 75 days for 48 patients. Intravenous amphotericin B was administered in all cases. External sinonasal debridement was performed in 90 of 114 (78.9%) patients, retrobulbar amphotericin B injection was administered in 56 of 117 (47.9%), and orbital exenteration was performed in 17 of 117 (14.5%) of cases.

Conclusion
Administration of corticosteroids and diabetes mellitus seem to be the major underlying causes for the development of COVID-19-associated ROCM. Prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary management approach are essential for a reduction in mortality.
Electrolyte-gate-driven carrier density modulation and metal–insulator transition in semiconducting epitaxial CdO films
Authors: Wang Helin , Postiglione William M. , Chaturvedi Vipul , Runnerstrom Evan L. , Cleri Angela , Nordlander Josh , Maria Jon-Paul , Leighton Chris 
Published: December 2022

CdO has drawn much recent interest as a high-room-temperature-mobility oxide semiconductor with exciting potential for mid-infrared photonics and plasmonics. Wide-range modulation of carrier density in CdO is of interest both for fundamental reasons (to explore transport mechanisms in single samples) and for applications (in tunable photonic devices). Here, we thus apply ion-gel-based electrolyte gating to ultrathin epitaxial CdO(001) films, using transport, x-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy to deduce a reversible electrostatic gate response from −4 to +2 V, followed by rapid film degradation at higher gate voltage. Further advancing the mechanistic understanding of electrolyte gating, these observations are explained in terms of low oxygen vacancy diffusivity and high acid etchability in CdO. Most importantly, the 6-V-wide reversible electrostatic gating window is shown to enable ten-fold modulation of the Hall electron density, a striking voltage-induced metal–insulator transition, and 15-fold variation of the electron mobility. Such modulations, which are limited only by unintentional doping levels in ultrathin films, are of exceptional interest for voltage-tunable devices.
A novel garnet-type high-entropy oxide as air-stable solid electrolyte for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Kuo Chun-Han , Wang Ai-Yin , Liu Hao-Yu , Huang Shao-Chu , Chen Xiang-Rong , Chi Chong-Chi , Chang Yu-Chung , Lu Ming-Yen , Chen Han-Yi 
Published: December 2022

Li-ion batteries are considered prospective candidates for storage systems because of their high energy density and long cycling life. However, the use of organic electrolytes increases the risk of explosion and fire. Hence, all-solid-state Li-ion batteries have attracted considerable attention because the use of solid electrolytes avoids the combustion of electrolytes and explosions, and enhances the performance of batteries. Garnet-type oxides are commonly used solid electrolytes. The common Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 can react easily with CO2 and H2O in air, and its ionic conductivity decays after contact with air. In this study, a novel garnet-type, high-entropy oxide, Li6.4La3Zr0.4Ta0.4Nb0.4Y0.6W0.2O12 (LLZTNYWO), is successfully synthesized as a solid electrolyte for Li-ion batteries,using a conventional solid-state method. Ta, Nb, Y, and W are used as substitutes for Zr, which significantly increase conductivity, have high stability in air, and a lower sintering temperature. LLZTNYWO achieves higher Li-ion conductivity at 1.16 × 10−4 S cm−1 compared to mono-doped Li6.6La3Zr1.6Ta0.4O12 (6.57 × 10−5 S cm−1), Li6.6La3Zr1.6Nb0.4O12 (2.19 × 10−5 S cm−1), and Li6.2La3Zr1.6W0.4O12 (1.16 × 10−4 S cm−1). Additionally, it exhibits higher ionic conductivity compared to equimolar Li5.8La3Zr0.4Ta0.4Nb0.4Y0.4W0.4O12 (1.95 × 10−5 S cm−1). The Li-ion conductivity of LLZTNYWO remains constant for 30 days in the atmosphere without decay, thereby revealing its excellent air stability. Furthermore, LLZTNYWO exhibits a remarkable electrochemical window of up to 6 V vs Li/Li+ and excellent electrochemical stability against Li metal after cycling at 0.1 mA·cm−2 for 2 h, which indicates that it is a promising solid electrolyte for Li-ion batteries.
Parallel digital monolingualism
Authors: Vessey Rachelle 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the role of hashtags in the formation of affinity spaces linked to divergent linguistic cultures in the Canadian digital context. The linguistic cultures tend to accommodate certain language ideologies, which manifest through distinct forms of practical and discursive consciousness. The coexistence of divergent linguistic cultures that address shared topics in different ways is labelled “parallel digital monolingualism,” a form of multilingualism that has not been accounted for in previous research. This multilingualism exists because of the transfer of offline experiences (which, in Canada, are based on language and geography) into the affordances of digital contexts.
From a movement verb to an epistemic discourse marker
Authors: Espinal M. Teresa , Real-Puigdollers Cristina , Villalba Xavier 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Besides its main use as a form of the movement verb ir ‘to go’, the Spanish form vaya (lit. go) is also used as a verbal discourse marker. Here we trace this transition from a purely verbal form to a discourse marker by searching a historical corpus of documents in Spanish, which reveals the increasing use over time of vaya in exclamatives to replace a presentational construction. We focus on vaya in isolation and in combination with an indefinite DP or a bare NP. We analyze the meaning of vaya as an epistemic discourse marker, by means of which the speaker expresses a judgment, a subjective epistemic and evidential evaluation of a proposition accessible from context. We postulate that these constructions sit in a Judgment Phrase at the syntactic-pragmatic interface (Krifka 2020), a position to which vaya also moves when its meaning is that of an expressive intensifier that directly modifies over one or more (contextually salient) properties of the noun contained in the DP/NP.
Soliton and other solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa equation with conformable derivative
Authors: Ozdemir Neslihan , Secer Aydin , Ozisik Muslum , Bayram Mustafa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this scientific research article, we consider the (2 + 1)- dimensional Date-Jimbo-Kashiwara-Miwa equation with conformable derivative (C-DJKME), a water wave model with low surface tension and long wavelengths with weakly nonlinear restoring forces and frequency dispersion. Since the solutions of C-DJKME constitute the basis and model of many physical phenomena, we see many original studies with interesting physical properties in the literature. In our research, to acquire exact and soliton solutions of the C-DJKME, the Sardar Subequation method and the new Kudryashov method are employed for the first time. We have shown that these two methods are very effective, easily applicable, and reliable in solving such nonlinear problems. Finally, the graphs of some solutions are depicted at appropriate values of parameters. The impact of the fractional parameter on the acquired solutions is also demonstrated through 2D plots.
Role of surface hydrophilicity on MR relaxivity of PEG coated- gadolinium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Pranjali Pranjali , Tripathi Deepak Kumar , Chaturvedi Anamika , Singh Ranjan Kumar , Poluri Krishna Mohan , Kumar Dinesh , Guleria Anupam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The magnetic resonance (MR) contrast enhancement capabilities of gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) have high dependency on its surface chemistry- as the solution properties such as colloidal stability and hydrodynamic diameter of nanoparticles which are prime regulatory parameter for MR relaxivity, are all governed by grafting density of surface material. However, the purification of synthesized surface coated nanoparticles, without compromising the surface properties, remains a major challenge. Among the various cleaning methods, dialysis is often used to remove the unwanted by-products produced during synthesis. However, the effect of dialysis time may significantly impact the surface properties and hence, the MR contrast properties of such nano-formulations. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of dialysis time on surface chemistry and MR contrast enhancement properties of GONPs by comparing the proton relaxivity data. Ultra-small polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated GONPs with an average particle diameter of 17 nm were synthesized using polyol method. The impact of dialysis time has been investigated systematically on the size distribution, hydrophilicity, magnetic properties, polymer grafting density and relaxometric properties of the as synthesized GONPs. A significant impact of dialysis time was observed on surface chemistry and hence, on the MR relaxivity of synthesized NPs. We evidenced a dramatic decrease in the proton relaxivities of GONPs with increase in dialysis time, which correlated well with the observed decrease in the grafting density of surface polymer. The results clearly indicate that the proton relaxivity of GONPs of similar size and same coating material depends on the surface coating thickness and hydrophilicity of the coating polymer. Overall, it is essential to optimize the accurate time duration of dialysis treatment as the prolonged dialysis may have negative effect on the relaxation times and hence on MR contrast enhancement properties of GONPs. This study is a strategic pathway to fine-tune the dialysis treatment of as-synthesized surface-capped GONPs for pre-eminent MR contrast imaging.
Handheld portable neutron gamma discrimination spectrometer for environmental detection
Authors: Hu Q. , Ye H.Q. , Zhang Q.L. , Yi G.H. , Chen L. , Xu X.Y. , Jin G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A compact and integrated neutron-gamma discrimination spectrometer that could be utilized
for personal dosimetry and emergency response is urgently required. In this study, based on a CLYC
scintillator coupled to silicon photomultiplier(SiPM) arrays, we designed a stand-alone, hand-held
neutron-gamma discrimination spectrometer. After the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) digitizes
the analog signal from the detector, the data is transmitted to a FPGA processor for online
real-time processing, and then transmitted to a microcontroller through the serial peripheral
interface(SPI) protocol, and the current detection result is displayed in real-time on the touch
screen. By using the pulse signal discrimination(PSD) method, the spectrometer can simultaneously
measure the spectrum of neutron and gamma events, with a resolution of 8.8% (at 1274.5 keV)
and excellent linearity. The figure of merit (FOM) is 2.32 with optimized PSD parameters. The
experimental results show that the spectrometer integrates the upper computer and detector, with
real-time performance, portability and excellent neutron-gamma resolution. Online operation is
realized through the touch screen, which greatly facilitates the real-time detection of radiation
in the field environment.
How large is the mitigation potential of natural climate solutions in China?
Authors: Wang Daju , Li Yuanqiao , Xia Jiangzhou , Liu Changxin , Chen Han , Teng Fei , He Bin , Shi Weiyu , Qin Zhangcai , Yuan Wenping 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
China is facing a huge challenge in achieving its carbon neutrality goal by 2060 given that it is currently one of the world’s largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters and has set a very short timeline for going from peak emissions to carbon neutrality. Natural climate solutions (NCS) that protect, manage, and restore ecosystems have shown substantial potential for increasing carbon sinks or reducing GHG emissions to offset fossil fuel CO2 emissions. This study quantified the mitigation potential of 18 NCS pathways in China at 0.67–1.65 Gigatonne of CO2 equivalent (Gt CO2e) yr−1 averaged from 2020 to 2060, which is even larger than the size of the current national terrestrial carbon sink. Compared with a previous global estimate, our results show a lower mitigation potential in forest ecosystems but a much greater potential for cropland ecosystems in China. From 2020 to 2060, all 18 pathways combined can provide cost-effective mitigation compared to the global social cost of CO2 emission and carbon prices, and 98.6% and 83.3% mitigation potential are cost-effective, respectively. This study further showed that immediate action provides the greatest mitigation. Our estimates highlight the important role of NCS in achieving the national carbon neutrality goal because of their large mitigation potential and cost-effectiveness.
Partially coherent superoscillations in the Talbot effect
Authors: Mays Joseph , Gbur Greg 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Oscillations of a wavefield that are locally higher than the bandlimit of the field are known as superoscillations. Superoscillations have to date been studied primarily in coherent wavefields; here we look at superoscillations that appear in the phase of the correlation function in partially coherent Talbot carpets. Utilizing the Talbot effect, it is shown that superoscillations can be propagated into the far field, even under a decrease in spatial coherence. It is also shown that this decrease in spatial coherence can strengthen the superoscillatory behavior at the primary and secondary Talbot images.
Edge states of α-bismuthene nanostructures
Authors: Salehitaleghani Sara , Maerkl Tobias , Kowalczyk Pawel J , Le Ster Maxime , Wang Xiaoxiong , Bian Guang , Chiang Tai-Chang , Brown Simon A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present a systematic investigation of the edge states (ESs) of two-dimensional α-bismuthene (α-Bi) structures self-assembled on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrates, using scanning tunnelling microscopy and scanning tunnelling spectroscopy. The measurements are carried out for 3ML, 5ML and 7ML thick Bi structures. Our spectroscopy studies reveal clear features at the edges of the 5ML and 7ML thick structures, and the positions of the ESs coincide with the topographical step edges. In contrast, in 3ML structures the ESs appear to be absent and instead new states are sometimes observed, far from the topographical edge. These states are associated with a moiré pattern and result from strain-induced modulation of the topology. Our observations demonstrate the impact on the ESs of coupling to adjacent structures.