bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management, harvest, and storage characteristics of low‐input cool‐season turfgrass sod mixtures
Authors: Braun Ross C. , Watkins Eric , Hollman Andrew B. , Mihelich Nicole T. , Patton Aaron J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe lack of turfgrass diversity in cool‐season sod production is related to information inefficiencies, such as the lack of agronomic information available on improved, low‐input species, such as fine fescues (Festuca spp.). Collaborative research between Purdue University and University of Minnesota investigated the influence of cool‐season turfgrass species mixtures on the harvest (production and strength) and storage limitations of sod. Field experiments were established in 2018 in West Lafayette, IN, and in 2019 in St. Paul, MN. Treatments included 12 turfgrass species mixtures that consisted of the following five species: strong creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. ssp. rubra Gaudin), Chewings fescue (F. rubra ssp. commutata Gaudin), hard fescue (F. brevipila Tracey), tall fescue (F. arundinacea Schreb.), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Data on turf cover, vertical growth rate, sod tensile strength, sod handling, and shelf‐life storage and transplant success were collected at multiple harvest timings from 10 to 24 mo after planting. The majority of the sod mixtures, especially those containing ≥33% strong creeping red fescue, produced high quality sod similar to the standard comparison of 100% Kentucky bluegrass sod and transplant success was not severely affected when stored for 24–72 h immediately following a spring or autumn harvest. Sod mixtures containing tall fescue, including “rhizomatous tall fescue,” consistently resulted in the lowest sod strength and handling. Overall, sod producers growing fine fescue sod may be able to not only reduce management inputs, but also yield good sod strength with low‐input sod mixtures.
Thermally stable poly(3‐hexylthiophene): Nonfullerene solar cells with efficiency breaking 10%
Authors: Gao Mengyuan , Liu Yang , Xian Kaihu , Peng Zhongxiang , Zhou Kangkang , Liu Junwei , Li Saimeng , Xie Fei , Zhao Wenchao , Zhang Jidong , Jiao Xuechen , Ye Long 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSolar cells featuring polythiophenes as donors are one of the optoelectronic devices that hold notable promises for commercial application, profiting from the lowest synthetic complexity and excellent scalability. However, the complex phase behaviors of polythiophenes and their blends put constraints on modulating electrical performance and thus realizing stable performance under thermal stress. In this contribution, we present a multi‐technique approach that combines calorimetry, scattering, spectroscopy, and microscopy to thoroughly probe the thermodynamic mixing, thermal properties of materials, the evolution of nanoscale domain structure, and device performance of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with a range of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) such as ITIC, IDTBR, and ZY‐4Cl. Accordingly, two blending guidelines are established for matching these popular NFAs with P3HT to enable highly efficient and thermally stable cells. First, blend systems with weak vitrification and hypo‐miscibility are excellent candidates for efficient solar cells. Furthermore, high thermal stability can be achieved by selecting NFAs with diffusion‐limited crystallization. The P3HT:ZY‐4Cl blend was found to endow the best performance of over 10% efficiency and an exceptionally high T80 lifetime of >6000 h under continuous thermal annealing, which are among the highest values for P3HT‐based solar cells. This realization of high thermal stability and efficiency demonstrates the remarkable potentials of simple polythiophene :nonfullerene pairs in electronic applications.
Concentration dependency of dispersion coefficient of aqueous solutions of urea and ethyl acetate in porous media
Authors: Kheirollahi Shadi , Sadeghi Yamchi Hassan , Zirrahi Mohsen , Hassanzadeh Hassan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe report new measurements of the concentration‐dependent longitudinal dispersion coefficient of aqueous urea and ethyl acetate solutions in a porous medium at a wide range of concentrations. The longitudinal dispersion coefficient was obtained by injection of a pulse of an aqueous solution of urea (or ethyl acetate) into a carrier phase flowing through a porous column and analysis of the effluent peak using the Taylor dispersion theory. The measured longitudinal dispersion coefficients for different velocities and concentrations showed an increasing trend with concentration and pore velocity. The longitudinal dispersion coefficient measurements show a power‐law relationship with the Peclet number . The results are compared with experimental data and empirical formulas available in the literature, and a reasonable agreement is achieved over the range of Peclet numbers studied.
Prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in indigenous Bolivian forager‐horticulturalists
Authors: Gatz Margaret , Mack Wendy J. , Chui Helena C. , Law E. Meng , Barisano Giuseppe , Sutherland M. Linda , Sutherland James D. , Eid Rodriguez Daniel , Quispe Gutierrez Raul , Copajira Adrian Juan , Bani Cuata Jesus , Borenstein Amy R. , Walters Ellen E. , Irimia Andrei , Rowan Christopher J. , Wann L. Samuel , Allam Adel H. , Thompson Randall C. , Miyamoto Michael I. , Michalik David E. , Cummings Daniel K. , Seabright Edmond , Garcia Angela R. , Hooper Paul L. , Kraft Thomas S. , Finch Caleb E. , Thomas Gregory S. , Stieglitz Jonathan , Trumble Benjamin C. , Gurven Michael D. , Kaplan Hillard 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe evaluated the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in indigenous Tsimane and Moseten, who lead a subsistence lifestyle.MethodsParticipants from population‐based samples ≥ 60 years of age (n = 623) were assessed using adapted versions of the Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination, informant interview, longitudinal cognitive testing and brain computed tomography (CT) scans.ResultsTsimane exhibited five cases of dementia (among n = 435; crude prevalence = 1.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4, 2.7); Moseten exhibited one case (among n = 169; crude prevalence = 0.6%, 95% CI: 0.0, 3.2), all age ≥ 80 years. Age‐standardized MCI prevalence was 7.7% (95% CI: 5.2, 10.3) in Tsimane and 9.8% (95% CI: 4.9, 14.6) in Moseten. Cognitive impairment was associated with visuospatial impairments, parkinsonian symptoms, and vascular calcification in the basal ganglia.DiscussionThe prevalence of dementia in this cohort is among the lowest in the world. Widespread intracranial medial arterial calcifications suggest a previously unrecognized, non‐Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia phenotype.
Revisiting the Bonding Model for Gold(I) Species: The Importance of Pauli Repulsion Revealed in a Gold(I)‐Cyclobutadiene Complex
Authors: Wong Zeng Rong , Schramm Tim K. , Loipersberger Matthias , Head‐Gordon Martin , Toste F. Dean 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the bonding of gold(I) species has been central to the development of gold(I) catalysis. Herein, we present the synthesis and characterization of the first gold(I)‐cyclobutadiene complex, accompanied with bonding analysis by state‐of‐the‐art energy decomposition analysis methods. Analysis of possible coordination modes for the new species not only confirms established characteristics of gold(I) bonding, but also suggests that Pauli repulsion is a key yet hitherto overlooked element. Additionally, we obtain a new perspective on gold(I)‐bonding by comparison of the gold(I)‐cyclobutadiene to congeners stabilized by p‐, d‐, and f‐block metals. Consequently, we refine the gold(I) bonding model, with a delicate interplay of Pauli repulsion and charge transfer as the key driving force for various coordination motifs. Pauli repulsion is similarly determined as a significant interaction in AuI‐alkyne species, corroborating this revised understanding of AuI bonding.
Novel electrospun separator‐electrolyte based on PVA‐K2CO3‐SiO2‐cellulose nanofiber for application in flexible energy storage devices
Authors: Abdulkadir Bashir Abubakar , Dennis John Ojur , Adam Abbas Abdullahi , Al‐Dhahebi Adel Mohammed , Shukur Muhammad F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrospun fiber membrane as a separator‐electrolyte have been prepared in this study using electrospinning process from cellulose acetate, PVA, K2CO3, and SiO2 with different concentrations. Five different concentration were prepared (14–22 wt%) using mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and acetone in a fixed ratio of 2:3. The prepared electrospun membranes were characterized and shown to exhibit good and well‐structured morphology formed by interlaying of fibers, where the thinnest and finest fibers were achieved at 20 wt% polymer concentration, resulting in average diameters of 480 ± 80 nm. The prepared membranes were activated with plasticized gel polymer electrolyte where its electrochemical properties/performance was evaluated. Based on the good porous nature of the fiber, the membrane with 20 wt% concentration exhibited good electrolyte uptake of 450.75% that is higher than the commercially prepared separator. Similarly, the membranes displayed good electrolyte retention (R) ability of 8.8. The ionic conductivity studies revealed that, the conductivity of the electrospun membranes increased with increasing polymer concentration up to 20 wt% where an optimum ionic conductivity of 3.73 × 10−3 and 7.54 × 10−3 Scm−1 at ambient temperature and 373.15 K, respectively, have been achieved. The oxidation stability of the prepared membrane in this study showed a good electrochemical stability of up to 4.8 V that is higher than that of the commercially prepared membrane and other reported electrolytes.
Technology efficiency and promotion mechanism on the response output performance of a biomimetic gelatinous polymer actuator based on different process approaches
Authors: Yang Junjie , Wei Kang , Yu Tao , Wang Siyong , Yao Jintong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, from different aspects of internal material composition, biomass modification method and assembly process factor of the biomimetic gelatinous polymer actuator (BGPA), its three process approaches including ionic liquid (IL, [EMIm]BF4) doping amount, sodium alginate (SA) ‐ carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) crosslinking ratio and casting assembly temperature were comprehensively compared, and accordingly their technology efficiency and promotion mechanism on response output performance of the BGPA had also been fully researched. The results suggested that under monotonic work cycle, when the IL doping amount was 4 ml, operating life of BGPA reached the maximum of 1720 s and its smallest tremor amplitude was 8.51%. When the SA‐CMCS crosslinking ratio was 5:5, all three evaluation indexes of the duty cycle, internal resistance and elastic modulus of BGPA achieved the minima around 0.97%, 1.61 Ω and 0.207 MPa, respectively. When the casting assembly temperature was 50°C, specific capacitance and output force density of the BGPA separately obtained the largest values of 551.34 mF/g and 16.249 mN/g. Within the cycle repetition period, the best stable output force of the BGPA was approximately 2.877 mN with 4 ml ionic liquid, and its optimal electron current was 12.771 mA at 50°C.
Chemical modification of lignin and thereafter grafting with lactic acid for flexible polymer film preparation
Authors: Dutta Koushik , Singh Ajit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHerein, a green method has been reported to develop highly flexible polymer film from alkali lignin (AL). The AL was firstly chemically modified with epichlorohydrin (ECH) at pH ~9 to synthesize epoxidized lignin (EL). Later, the soft segment was incorporated into the EL by grafting lactic acid (LA), to synthesize lignin‐polylactic acid (Lig‐PLA) copolymer in a solvent‐free condition. Synthesis of EL and Lig‐PLA copolymer was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis and X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed the increasing total weight (wt) loss and increasing crystallinity for Lig‐PLA copolymer synthesized with increasing LA wt. Polymer film prepared through the hydraulic hot press method showed excellent flexibility for the Lig‐PLA copolymers synthesized with >3 wt ratio of LA with respect to EL. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis showed uniform and very smooth surfaces for the Lig‐PLA copolymer film synthesized with >6 wt ratio of LA. These findings demonstrated that flexible polymer film could be achieved through the chemical modification of lignin.
A mobile app as support for pelvic floor muscle training started prior to radical prostatectomy
Authors: Al‐Zaidi Zinah , Lindam Anna , Fransson Per , Samuelsson Eva 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the usefulness of a mobile app to support pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) started prior to radical prostatectomy (RP).Materials and methodsA prospective cohort study conducted in Sweden from June 2018 to February 2021 including men for whom RP was planned within 12 months. Users responded anonymously to questionnaires at baseline, 1 and 3 months. Our primary aim was to evaluate if the app could facilitate PFMT and increase confidence in performing pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contractions correctly. Our second aim was to describe the change in urinary incontinence (UI) after RP, based on the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ‐UI SF).ResultsOf the 3043 users at baseline, 388 met the primary inclusion criteria. Of those, 71 (18.3%) were incontinent, predominantly with slight symptoms. The most common type was urge UI, 39/71 (54.9%). Of the 388 users, 159 (41.0%) answered the questionnaire at 1 month, and 131 (33.7%) at 3 months within 89–135 days. Of those 131, 127 (96.9%) indicated that the app facilitated their training ‘a lot’ or ‘somewhat’. Confidence in performing PFM contractions correctly increased from 39.7% at baseline to 74.0% at 1 month and 87.8% at 3 months (p < 0.001). At baseline, 19.8% performed PFM contractions at least daily, which increased to 74.0% at 1 month and 77.9% at 3 months (p < 0.001). At 3 months, 115/131 (87.8%) had undergone RP, 93.6% of which were robot‐assisted. Of the 115, 103 (89.6%) were incontinent, and stress UI dominated. The mean ICIQ‐UI SF score increased from 1.2 (2.4 SD) at baseline to 9.6 (5.2 SD), p < 0.001, after surgery.ConclusionsThe mobile app facilitated pelvic floor muscle training for men who were planned to undergo radical prostatectomy and used the app.
Trace‐level analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human plasma or serum by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Shin Ho‐Sang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA method to determine 8 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 23 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was described using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) of a small amount of plasma or serum sample and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). The appropriate selection of the extraction solvent and dispersing solvent contributes to a high extraction yield and a clean extract. To verify the developed method, the interference, linearity of the calibration curve, detection limit, precision and accuracy were evaluated. The calibration curves were linear by 2–3 orders of magnitude with correlation coefficients above 0.997 in all cases. The LODs of PCBs, OCPs and PAHs were measured in the ranges of 0.0006–0.0029, 0.001–0.029 and 0.0002–0.012 ng/mL. The intraday precision achieved by this method was 2.19–10.3% (PCBs), 1.65–14.3% (OCPs) and 0.91–12.8% (PAHs), and the intraday accuracy 1.56–7.37% (PCBs), 2.34–19.6% (OCPs) and 1.49–15.7% (PAHs). The advantage of this method is that the analysis of PCBs, OCPs, and PAHs can be performed in a single chromatographic run, and the low detection limit enables monitoring of target substances in low exposure general public samples, and the analysis procedure is relatively simple and fast.
Novel mutation in TENM3 gene in an Iranian patient with colobomatous microphthalmia
Authors: Gholami Yarahmadi Sepideh , Sarlaki Fatemeh , Morovvati Saeid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis investigation revealed a homozygous c.5069‐1G>C variation in TENM3 gene although has not been reported for its pathogenicity and can be considered as a novel mutation. The present finding can be used for genetic diagnosis and detection of carriers in the family and other patients with similar disease manifestations.
Displacement of all three leaflets of tricuspid valve: A rare variant of Ebstein anomaly
Authors: Khajali Zahra , Rezaeian Nahid , Ansari Zahra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEbstein anomaly, a rare congenital heart disease, is defined as displacement of hinge points of septal or posterior tricuspid leaflets but not anterior leaflet. Here, we report the case of a 35‐year‐old woman with an extremely rare pattern of Ebstein anomaly (EA) with all three tricuspid leaflets displaced downward to the apex.
Bead‐Like Coal‐Derived Carbon Anodes for High Performance Potassium‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Wei Shiwei , Deng Xiaoyang , Kundu Manab , Ma Zizai , Wang Jianxing , Wang Xiaoguang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe pursuit of long life, high rate and low‐cost anode materials is of great significance for potassium‐ion hybrid capacitors (PIHCs). Here, the bead‐like coal‐derived carbon films (BCCFs‐800) for PIHCs were synthesized with low‐cost coal as precursor. Benefiting from the well‐designed composite structure, the wettability on the electrode surface was enhanced and the diffusion of electrolyte ions was also facilitated, thereby improving the electrochemical performance of the electrode. A potassium ion hybrid capacitor was fabricated with BCCFs‐800 as battery‐type anode and active carbon as capacitor‐type cathode, and it delivered promising energy and power densities (119 Wh kg−1 at 186 W kg−1 and 2187 W kg−1 at 52 Wh kg−1). The as‐obtained earth‐abundant and high performance electrodes will promote the green and clean utilization of coal and accelerate the development of potassium ion electrochemical storage technology.
Controllable Surfactant‐free Synthesis of Colloidal Platinum Nanocuboids Enabled by Bromide Ions and Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Zhang Zhanzhan , Yang Guangxing , Wang Hongjuan , Cao Yonghai , Peng Feng , Yu Hao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPt nanoparticles enclosed by Pt{100} facets show unique properties in electrocatalysis. However, a convenient, cost‐effective, controllable and scalable synthesis of surface clean Pt colloidal nanocuboids remains a big challenge. In this work, small platinum nanocubes with controllable size ranging from 3.4 to 7.1 nm and nanocuboids with tuneable length‐to‐width aspect ratios were synthesized under the 10 %CO/90 %He atmosphere, by controlling the proportion of KBr and Pt precursors and the concentration of the platinum precursor in ethylene glycol. The exposed Pt{100} terrace sites of the synthesize materials were not only identified by the transmission electron microscopic images but also by the electrochemical adsorption/desorption of hydrogen during cyclic voltammograms. In addition, the exposed Pt{100} domains were quantitatively measured by the electrochemical adsorption/desorption of germanium, proving the formation of nanocuboids. Finally, the synthesized Pt nanocubes were applied to the oxygen reduction reaction and the electrochemical oxidation of methanol, showing a big potential in electrocatalysis.
An Overview of Marketed Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogs
Authors: De Jonghe Steven , Herdewijn Piet 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNucleos(t)ide chemistry has been the subject of intense research, mainly because of the promising antiviral and antitumoral activity associated with this compound class. Numerous analogs have been synthesized over the past decades, yielding a number of derivatives that have reached the status of marketed drugs. Herein, an overview of the nucleos(t)ide analogs that have received marketing approval is given. The review is divided into several sections, including antiviral and antitumoral nucleoside analogs as well as nucleoside analogs that have received marketing approval in other therapeutic areas. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Hybrid soft switching DC–DC boost converter
Authors: Yeşilyurt Hüseyin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, hybrid soft switching (HSS) DC–DC boost converter is proposed. The proposed converter operates as the conventional discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) pulse‐width modulated (PWM) DC–DC boost converter at light loads. When the output power increases, the snubber cell is activated, and the converter operates as frequency controlled soft switching resonant converter. Thus, higher efficiency is obtained at high power levels. In the proposed converter, the snubber cell works with a simple on–off logic instead of PWM control. Thus, it has a quite simple structure consisting of only a switch and a snubber capacitor, and does not need an additional PWM control signal. Hence, the proposed converter has the advantages of conventional DCM PWM converters while operating with higher efficiency at higher power levels. There is no additional voltage stress on any semiconductor power devices. Theoretical analysis is verified with a laboratory application of a DC‐DC boost converter having input voltage of 90 V, output voltage of 400 V and output power of 1 kW.
A novel, simple, and dedicated device for endoscopic mucosal defect closure
Authors: Nose Yohei , Takizawa Kohei , Shiotsuki Kazuo , Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Agatsuma Masaomi , Nitta Shun , Yamashita Kotaro , Saito Takuro , Tanaka Koji , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Makino Tomoki , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro , Nakajima Kiyokazu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become popular, but complications such as postoperative bleeding remain an issue. Although some methods of closing a mucosal defect with a snare and clips have been reported to be effective and safe, the snare is not a dedicated device, and the procedure is difficult and time‐consuming. We aimed to find an alternative method for defect closure after ESD by developing a dedicated device.MethodsWe have improved five prototypes. The load on the stopper when starting to tighten and loosen a loop and the maximum load on the stopper and the movement distance of the thread when sliding the stopper were measured five times for each prototype. With the 5th prototype, we finalized the design and named it FLEXLOOP. Additionally, the material and shape of the outer tube were improved. Then, the usability of FLEXLOOP was evaluated in pigs. The operation time for closing mucosal defects with the snare or FLEXLOOP was measured five times.ResultsWe made FLEXLOOP, which had a lower load when sliding and a higher load when loosening than the snare. The improvement of the outer tube significantly reduced the load on the sheath when sliding it. We confirmed the feasibility of mucosal defect closure with FLEXLOOP in pigs. The median operation time was 563 s (range 340–679 s) with the snare and 355 s (range 303–455 s) with FLEXLOOP (p = 0.047).ConclusionsFLEXLOOP can be a promising option for defect closure after ESD.