bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructural design and mechanical performance of epoxy/carbon nanotube fiber composite
Authors: Seraji Amir Abbas , Aghvami-Panah Mohammad , Zadhoush Ali , Salimian Saeed , Khoshnevis Hamed 
Published: August 2022

In this paper, carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber is chemically modified through a post-spinning process with an acid treatment and epoxy infiltration. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy revealed that acid treatment reduced impurities of CNT fibers and induced the formation of carboxylic functional groups on the CNTs surface that positively affect the strength; however, some defects on the surface of the nanotubes were induced that negatively affect the elastic modulus. After the epoxy infiltration procedure, it was revealed that the pores of CNT fiber were filled with epoxy resulting in improved interfacial interaction between CNT bundles either through an interlocking of polymer chains wrapping around the tubes or even by creating covalent bonds between the carboxyl-functionalized nanotubes. Comparing the mechanical performance of epoxy/CNT fibers with and without acid treatment indicated that pre-treatment of the fibers with acid before epoxy infiltration caused a reduction in the final modulus. The modulus of epoxy/CNT fiber reaches 103 N/tex and is about 20% higher than the acid-treated counterpart. Acid treatment prior to epoxy resin infiltration generates functional groups on the CNTs surface that enhance the fiber’s strength through strong reactions between epoxy chains and CNTs. On the other hand, the structural defects on CNTs imposed by acid lead to a reduction in the elastic modulus.
The Extent of Integration of Community Health Worker Programs Into National Health Systems: Case Study of Botswana
Authors: Mupara Dr. Lucia M. , Mogaka Dr. John J. O. , Brieger Dr. William R. , Tsoka-Gwegweni Prof Joyce M. 
Published: August 2022

Background The paucity of Human Resources for Health (HRH) is a major global health challenge. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes the potentials that Community Health Workers (CHWs) have in closing the gap of an inadequate supply of human resources for health (HRH). However, weak CHW integration into national health systems curtails effective implementation of CHW delivered high impact interventions in resource constrained settings. This study assessed the extent of integration of the CHW Recruitment, Education, and Certification (REC) component into the national health system’s HRH building block, using Botswana’s CHW program as a case study. Methods The study used mixed methods. Data collated from CHW training program documentary abstraction, five key informant interviews were analyzed thematically. Data collected through the survey with 123 CHWs were analyzed quantitatively. A recently developed Community Health Workers Program Integration Scorecard Metrics (CHWP-ISM) that comprises of the WHO building blocks and corresponding CHW integration metrics, with process, evidence, and status of integration parameters, was used to determine the extent of integration. Results An analysis of Botswana’s CHW REC component using the CHWP-ISM scale showed that the component was 80% integrated into the national HS. Whereas the CHW training program was fully government sponsored and accredited, some aspects of the program’s selection and recruitment criteria and training modalities were lacking integration. Although CHW training was exclusively offered at a local private training institute, findings from documentation reviews, interviewed KIIs and the survey show that the training accreditation, regulation and funding was the responsibility of the central government. Conclusion The application of the CHWP-ISM scale to assess extent of CHW program integration into HS identified important CHW human resource integration gaps in CHW selection criteria and recruitment process as well non-inclusion of CHWs post-training accreditation by national accreditation board in government policy documents.
Prefabricated Trays Stock for Impression of Cleft lip and Palate Orthopedic Appliances: A Three-Dimensional Computational Analysis of Maxillary Jaws
Authors: Sabir Sara , Rokhssi Hasnaa , Famma Noureddine , Azhari Mohamed , Bentahar Oussama 
Published: August 2022

Objective This study aimed to propose digitally designed impression trays, for newborns with cleft lip and palate (CLP) defects, using the computer-assisted design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique, based on measurements of width, length, and height made on processed and scanned plaster models. Thus, we will describe the different software and concepts that can be used for the design of these impression trays. Design A total of 59 plaster casts of newborn patients with CLP were collected and then scanned. After that, digital dental casts were three-dimensional (3D) evaluated, using precise anatomical landmarks. Setting The Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Team at the Dental consultation and treatment center in Rabat, Morocco. Patients and Participants The study involved plaster casts of newborns with CLP, who had undergone presurgical neonatal treatment in the Maxillofacial Prosthodontics service in Rabat, Morocco. Interventions None, Main Outcome Measure(s) 3D evaluation of 59 scanned plaster casts of newborn patients with CLP. Results This work allowed us to obtain digital impression trays for each anatomical variation of orofacial clefts. These trays will limit the problems linked to conventional techniques for making neonatal orthopedic plates. We also emphasized the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving several professionals in Morocco from various fields and specialties. Conclusion This original technique is advantageous for the practitioner as well as for the patients and their parents. It allows for precise recording, better adaptation, time-saving, and parental comfort.
Real-world analysis of tumor lysis syndrome in patients started on venetoclax combination for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Abernathy Karin M , Perciavalle Matthew A , Gatwood Katie S , Chen Heidi , Zakhari Matthew M , Byrne Michael 
Published: August 2022

Introduction Venetoclax is utilized with low-dose cytarabine or a hypomethylating agent for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Clinical trials report a risk of tumor lysis syndrome and the package insert recommends a venetoclax dose ramp-up at the initiation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of tumor lysis syndrome in a large population of patients with acute myeloid leukemia outside of a clinical trial and evaluate the incidence of hospital-acquired complications during inpatient ramp-up. Methods We performed a retrospective study of adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia receiving venetoclax with a hypomethylating agent or low-dose cytarabine. The primary outcome was the incidence of tumor lysis syndrome. Secondary outcomes included risk factors for tumor lysis syndrome, length of admission, and incidence of hospital-acquired complications. Results One hundred thirteen patients were included. Although all patients were given some form of prophylaxis, the incidence of tumor lysis syndrome was 8.8%. All were laboratory tumor lysis syndrome; one with hyperuricemia, nine with hypocalcemia, and ten with hyperphosphatemia. Six patients received sevelamer. Tumor lysis syndrome was resolved in all cases. No clinical tumor lysis syndrome occurred. Hepatic dysfunction, tumor lysis syndrome high-risk stratification, higher baseline white blood cell count, and lactate dehydrogenase levels were more common in the tumor lysis syndrome group. Hospital-acquired complications reached 13% in those directly admitted for dose ramp-up. Conclusions Tumor lysis syndrome was uncommon and manifested as minor lab abnormalities. White blood cell count continues to be an indicator of risk for tumor lysis syndrome. Those who present with an elevated white blood cell or are otherwise at high risk for tumor lysis syndrome should be admitted for ramp-up. Otherwise, initiation and monitoring of venetoclax are feasible in the outpatient setting.
Factors Associated With Utilization of Ecological Sanitation Technology in Burera District, Rwanda: A Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Banamwana Celestin , Musoke David , Ntakirutimana Theoneste , Buregyeya Esther , Ssempebwa John C , Maina Gakenia Wamuyu- , Tumwesigye Nazarius Mbona 
Published: August 2022

Background: The utilization of “on-site excreta decomposition technology” known as “Ecological sanitation (Ecosan)” has a rational use of human excreta. It is a resource-oriented sanitation mostly feasible in areas with rocky soil and prone to agriculture. This technology was implemented in Rwanda for more than a decade. However, little is known about Ecosan utilization in the process of scale-up in the community. Aim: The study was carried out to determine enablers and barriers associated with the utilization of Ecosan in Burera district, Rwanda. Methods: A mixed method study was surveyed in 374 households with Ecosan. A systematic random sampling was used to select respondents and a sample was drawn from the 3 administrative sectors of Burera district. We interviewed 20 key informants that included community leaders and sanitation actors. Bivariate, ordered logistic regression with thematic content analysis were used. Results: Ecosan users were unable to practice both urine diversion and the use of Ecosan by-products. Only 39.4% of households were better users. As by the survey results, primary and secondary educational status (AOR 2.60, 95% CI 1.11-6.08) and (AOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.02-11.9), frequency of fecal pit emptying (AOR 3.38, 95% CI (2.18-17.91), ash use (AOR 1.65, 95% CI (0.93-4.64) and concrete slab latrine (AOR 7.31, 95% CI (2.94-17.95) were found to be associated with better use of Ecosan. Qualitative findings suggested unaffordable cost, a touch of excreta taboos, and poor maintenance practices as key barriers to utilization. Conclusion: Overall utilization of Ecosan was poor and the majority of households was not able to use Ecosan for both dry separation of urine from feces and reuse in the gardens. Upgrading existing knowledge about Ecosan with greater emphasis on the use of by-products and adopting good maintenance practices through regular training can promote better utilization of Ecosan.
Language variation in a shifting community: Different patterns of noun incorporation in Modern Chukchi
Authors: Kantarovich Jessica 
Published: August 2022

Research questions: This study asks whether an interface phenomenon such as noun incorporation (NI) displays meaningful socially conditioned variation in the endangered polysynthetic language, Chukchi, by investigating whether speakers of all levels of experience or proficiency make use of NI in a consistent, rule-governed way. Design and methodology: This study compares production data from small groups of speakers of a moribund language. Study tasks include a controlled production task in which speakers are asked to construct sentences using provided lexical items. The lexical items were conditioned so as to trigger NI in certain stimuli (on the basis of verbal valency and argument animacy). Data and analysis: The production data was transcribed and coded for the occurrence and structural type of NI (compounding vs. syntactic incorporation). The results were compared across three groups of speakers: conservative older speakers, younger attriting speakers, and new speakers. Findings/conclusions: NI frequency and productivity clearly differ among the three groups. CSs use incorporation frequently and productively in the expected contexts, while ASs use productive incorporation only in familiar contexts, followed by NSs who make little to no use of incorporation. All speaker groups display knowledge of the appropriate circumstances in which to use incorporation. Originality: This study makes use of a novel experimental methodology in studying several under-researched areas: variation in traditional Chukchi, shift-induced variation in a polysynthetic language, and NI as a locus of variation. Significance/implications: This study contributes to our understanding of the behavior of non-normative speakers of endangered languages and demonstrates that they play a role in language preservation. The study shows that the diffuse nature of the Chukchi speech community is different from comparatively well-studied shift settings (especially in the North American and European contexts) in its lack of a community of use or practice, which presents unique challenges in language maintenance.
Path and rate of development in child heritage speakers: Evidence from Greek subject/object form and placement
Authors: Daskalaki Evangelia , Chondrogianni Vasiliki , Blom Elma 
Published: August 2022

Aims: We investigated: (1) whether differences in accuracy between heritage speakers (HS) and monolingual speakers (MS) signal differences in the path or merely in the rate of language development, and (2) whether, independently of these differences, HS become more accurate as they grow older. Methods: Using an elicitation task, we collected data from three groups of speakers of Greek: HS in the United States and Canada (78–226 months), MS of the same age (77–177 months), and younger MS (42–69 months). In terms of structures, we focused on two phenomena that are encoded differently in Greek and English: subject/object form in reference maintenance contexts and subject placement in embedded wh-dependencies. Data and Analysis: Data were analyzed with mixed-effects logistic regression models. Findings: We found that the heritage group had a lower accuracy and produced different error patterns than both monolingual groups. Specifically, only the heritage group produced non-felicitous lexical subjects/objects in reference maintenance contexts and ungrammatical preverbal subjects in embedded wh-structures. Accuracy, though, increased with age. Furthermore, current amount of heritage language (HL) input and generation, which were included as covariates, emerged as significant predictors in some or all of the conditions. Originality: The inclusion of a younger monolingual group helped us determine whether the different patterns observed in the language of HS are also attested in the language of MS at earlier developmental stages. The inclusion of a wide age range helped us determine whether, independently of differences in the path/rate of development, HS become more accurate as they grow older and accumulate the necessary amount of HL input. Implications: HS may go through developmental stages not attested in L1 acquisition. However, differences in developmental stages do not necessarily entail differences in the outcome of language acquisition. HS’ accuracy may continue to increase, provided that they continue using their HL.
Feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia presenting as a rectal mass
Authors: Goffart Laura M , Durand Alexane , Dettwiler Martina , Vincenti Simona 
Published: August 2022

Case summary A 9-year-old neutered male cat was referred owing to dyschezia and weight loss. Abdominal CT revealed a heterogeneous mass in the rectum and thickening of one caudal mesenteric lymph node. The mass induced a focal rectal obstruction. Cytological evaluation of fine-needle aspirates showed signs of mixed inflammation for the rectal mass and a reactive lymph node. Because a definite diagnosis was not achieved, complete resection of the mass via a dorsal approach to the rectum was attempted. Histopathology confirmed complete removal and diagnosed feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (FGESF). The cat was treated with psyllium husks and lactulose after surgery. In the postoperative year, the owner reported normal behaviour, food intake and defecation of the patient. Dyschezia reoccurred 14 months after surgery. Imaging revealed recurrence of a rectal mass. Owing to clinical deterioration, the owner elected for euthanasia. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of rectal FGESF with dyschezia and weight loss as the main clinical signs. The case demonstrates an acceptable outcome for more than 1 year without additional immunosuppressive therapy, and emphasises that FGESF must be considered as a differential diagnosis for rectal masses in cats.
User perspectives on the future of mobility assistive devices: Understanding users’ assistive device experiences and needs
Authors: Morris Leah , Cramp Mary , Turton Ailie 
Published: August 2022

Introduction Current assistive devices are inadequate in addressing the needs of some people living with impaired mobility. This study explored the experiences of living with impaired mobility in relation to how wearable assistive adaptive and rehabilitative technologies may improve their quality of life. Methods A cross-case study approach was adopted; the case being defined as the experience of impaired mobility. Semi-structured interviews were utilised. The sample ( n = 8) was purposefully selected to have impaired mobility due to stroke, age-related frailty, or lower limb amputation. From the interview transcripts, in-depth case illustrations were written to provide personal stories and thematic analysis was carried out to provide a cross-case analysis. Results There were two overarching themes: lifestyle changes; and wishes and desires for assistive devices. There were shared experiences across participant groups, such as falls and fear of falling. All participants identified a wish for increased speed of walking. However, the reasons for their difficulties differed depending on personal factors and their condition. Participants wanted devices to be adjustable to their perceived ability on a day-to-day basis. Conclusions Although common concerns and impacts of living with impaired mobility were apparent, individuals have unique requirements that should inform the design of assistive technology devices.
Kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses post complete vaccination with coronavac: A prospective study in 50 health workers
Authors: Nugraha Jusak , Permatasari Cynthia Ayu , Fitriah Munawaroh , Tambunan Betty Agustina , Fuadi Muhamad Robi’ul 
Published: August 2022

Background: COVID-19 pandemic causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and requires rapid action. The development of effective safe vaccines become a global priority for achieving herd immunity. Vaccination is expected to form specific antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein which can neutralize the virus, preventing the virus from binding with ACE 2 receptors. Objective: Evaluating and to know if there any differences of kinetics antibody levels from recipient’s anti-IgG S-RBD and NAb with complete second dose CoronaVac Vaccine, to determine the antibody response in preventing SARS-CoV-2. Method: A prospective-cohort study using observational analytics was conducted from January-April 2021 at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. A total of 50 subjects are healthcare workers who received two doses of CoronaVac. The IgG S-RBD and NAb levels were measured on Maglumi 800 device (SNIBE, China). Differences in IgG S-RBD and NAb levels before vaccination and after second dose CoronaVac vaccination on 14th day, on 28th day, ware tested using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. Result: Mean values of IgG S-RBD and NAb have fluctuated. There was a significant difference between IgG S-RBD and NAb levels on day-0 (0.090 vs 18.630; p < 0.001) and day-28 (141.266 vs 116.640; p = 0.037). The median value showed the IgG S-RBD level on day-28 was much better than NAb value (141,266 v 116,640). Conclusion: CoronaVac will form persistent antibodies. Despite antibody development, the acquired humoral immunity decreased at 28 days after full CoronaVac immunization. Kinetics of antibody NAb decreased more rapidly than IgG S-RBD.
Structural connectivity mediates the relationship between blood oxygenation and cognitive function in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Clayden Jonathan D. , Stotesbury Hanne , Kawadler Jamie M. , Slee April , Kӧlbel Melanie , Saunders Dawn E. , Hood Anna M. , Wilkey Olu , Layton Mark , Inusa Baba , Pelidis Maria , Chakravorty Subarna , Rees David C. , Howard Jo , Awogbade Moji , Liossi Christina , Kirkham Fenella J. , Clark Chris A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn sickle cell disease, the relative importance of reduced hemoglobin (Hb) and peripheral oxygen saturation on brain structure remains uncertain. We applied graph-theoretical analysis to diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data to investigate the effect of structural brain connectivity on cognitive function, alongside the presence or absence, number, and volume of silent cerebral infarction. In patients, we investigated the relationships between network properties, blood oxygenation, and cognition (working memory and processing speed indices). Based on streamline counts and fractional anisotropy, we identified a subnetwork with weakened connectivity in 92 patients with sickle cell disease (91 homozygous for HbS [HbSS], 1 heterozygote with HbSβ0 thalassemia; 49 males; aged 8.0 to 38.8 y), compared with 54 control subjects (22 males; aged 6.7 to 30.6 y). Multiple regression analyses showed a significant effect of Hb on full-network edge density (P &lt; .05) and of peripheral oxygen saturation on streamline-weighted subnetwork efficiency (P &lt; .01). There were effects of fractional anisotropy-weighted full-network and subnetwork efficiency on working memory index (both P &lt; .05), and of streamline-weighted subnetwork efficiency on processing speed index (P = .05). However, there were no effects of presence, number or volume of silent cerebral infarcts. Streamline-weighted efficiency was progressively lower with lower oxygen saturation, with a downstream effect on the processing speed index. In path analysis, indirect relationships between blood oxygenation and cognition, mediated by network properties, were better supported than direct alternatives, with an indirect relationship between low oxygen saturation and processing speed index in patients, mediated by structural connectivity efficiency in a subnetwork of the brain differing from control subjects. Our findings are consistent with the notion that cognitive impairment is primarily mediated by hypoxic–ischemic effects on normal-appearing white matter and highlight the utility of network-based methods in providing biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction in patients with sickle cell disease.