bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance of Rose Rootstocks to Meloidogyne hapla, Pratylenchus penetrans, and Pratylenchus vulnus1
Authors: Ohkawa K. , Saigusa T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Eight rose rootstocks were tested in pot experiments for their suitability as host to Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, Pratylenchus penetrans Cobb, and P. vulnus Allen & Jensen. Most rootstocks were host for both Pratylenchus spp. but great difference in host efficiency occurred. Rosa indica ‘Major’ and R. multiflora‘ 60-5’ proved to be the most efficient hosts for P. vulnus and P. penetrans, respectively. M. hapla reproduced well on R. indica‘ Major’ but not on R. ‘Manetti’. R.‘ Manetti’ shows outstanding resistance, if not complete immunity to M. hapla. Other rootstocks showed infection varying from slight to severe.
‘Sunland’ Peach1
Authors: Prince V. E. , Okie W. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Sunland’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] has been released to provide a cultivar well-adapted to the southeastern United States that ripens slightly later than ’Harvester’. ‘Sunland’ is similar to ‘Harvester’ in color and firmness, but has larger fruit.
Controlling Variability1
Authors: Hammer P. Allen 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Controlling variability is central to the principles o f scientific experimentation. The researcher starts with a written statement of the question or questions and the hypotheses. The researcher uses “planned or controlled variability” (treatments) in an experiment to test these hypotheses. However, for valid conclusions, the researcher must also consider “non-planned or unwanted variability” when designing the experiment (Fig. 1). The following quote from the 1920s about field experiments graphically makes this point:
“As Fisher put it in correspondence, the experimenter games with the devil; he must he prepared by his layout to accommodate whatever pattern of soil fertilities the devil may have chosen in advance.” (1)
The main statistical tools for measuring and/or controlling variability are replication, randomization, and blocking.
Effects of Application Methods of Controlled-release Fertilizers on Growth and Quality of Rhododendron obtusum ‘Hinodegiri’ Grown in Various Media1
Authors: Blessington Thomas M. , Garvey Edward J. , Howell Lee M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rhododendron obtusum (Lindl.) Planch. ‘Hinodegiri’ responded to the different fertilizer sources and application methods similarly regardless of growing media. Plants top-dressed with Osmocote 18N-3P-10K had a significantly higher growth index, larger stem caliper and increased fresh weight than plants top-dressed with Pro-Grow 24N-3P-10K. Incorporation of either fertilizer source resulted in reduced plant growth and quality. The best fertilization method was a surface application regardless of fertilizer source or media.
Postharvest Effects of Dark Storage and Light Source on Keeping Quality of Ficus benjamina L.1
Authors: Peterson N. C. , Blessington T. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ficus benjamina was maintained 10 weeks in a simulated interior environment (SIE) with a controlled temperature of 21°C ± 1° under either 15 µEm-2sec-1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from Cool White fluorescent (CWF) lamps or 15 µEm-2sec-1 (PAR) from incandescent (INC) lamps after receiving no light for various time periods (0, 4, 8 and 12 days). Plants held under CWF had a decrease in chlorophyll content and increase in leaf drop with increased days in dark. Quality as determined by leaf retention and plant grade indicated that those plants receiving 8 and 12 days dark storage and held under CWF lamps lost more leaves and were not salable after 10 weeks in SIE. Most plants held under INC lamps had no decrease in chlorophyll content, retained more leaves, and maintained good plant grade regardless of days in dark storage.
‘Starlite’ Peach1
Authors: Prince V. E. , Okie W. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Starlite’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] has been released to provide an early white-fleshed peach for local markets. The fruit is larger and more uniform in size, shape, and maturity than ‘Springtime’, the leading white-fleshed cultivar of its season.
‘Hope’ Desertwillow1
Authors: Hooks R. F. , Oaks W. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Desertwillow Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet is native of Western Texas to southern California and southward to Mexico with ornamental value in New Mexico (1, 2). ‘Hope’ desertwillow was released for use as a native ornamental in 1980 by New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station and the USDA, Soil Conservation Service, Plant Materials Center at Los Lunas, NM.
Evaluation of Apricot Flower Bud Hardiness Using a Computer-assisted Method of Thermal Analysis1
Authors: Ashworth E. N. , Lightner G. W. , Rowse D. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A method for large scale evaluation of flower bud hardiness in apricots using a thermal analysis system interfaced to a computer is described. The technique measures the heat released during the lethal freezing of supercooled water within the bud primordia. Nine thermoelectric junctions wired in series were used to monitor the temperature of 10 individual buds. Bud temperature was scanned every 30 seconds and the data recorded on magnetic tape. The data were subsequently transferred to a minicomputer which analyzed and stored data and produced graphics. Computer assisted thermal analysis can accommodate a large number of samples and simplifies handling and storage of data. This technique has applications as a research tool, for determining critical bud temperatures and in screening selections from a breeding program.
In Vitro Propagation of Alnus glutinosa Gaertn1
Authors: Garton Stephen , Hosier Mary A. , Read Paul E. , Farnham R. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rapid clonal propagation of Alnus glutinosa was achieved in vitro using lateral buds excised from greenhouse grown, juvenile stock plants. Multiple shoot development occurred in 50% of the cultures after the first subculture (7–8 weeks after initial explanting) using a low salt, woody plant medium containing 1 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Microshoots were removed from pro-liferating tissues and rooted in a conventional potting medium under high humidity prior to establishment in the greenhouse.
In Vitro Adventitious Shoot and Root Formation of Cultivars and Lines of Cucumis sativus L.1
Authors: Wehner Todd C. , Locy Robert D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hypocotyl and cotyledon expiants of 85 cultivars and lines of cucumber were screened for adventitious shoot and root formation in tissue culture. Tissue was cut from 7-day-old seedlings and grown on a medium consisting of Murashige-Skoog salts and vitamins with 1 mg/liter each of 6-ben-zylamino purine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 3% sucrose added. No shoots were formed from hypocotyl pieces, while 28 of the 85 lines formed shoots from cotyledon tissue. Thirty-two lines formed at least one root in culture, and there was no difference in the frequency of root formation between cotyledon and hypocotyl tissue. There was no correlation between root and shoot formation. The best 2 lines, PI 279463 and PI 401732, had 53% and 40% of the cotyledon pieces forming shoots, respectively.
Measurement of Direct Heat Injury of Roots of Three Woody Plants1
Authors: Ingram Dewayne L. , Buchanan David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Electrolyte leakage was used to measure direct heat injury to roots of Illicium anisatum L., Ilex cornuta L. cv. Burfordii and Juniperus chinensis L. cv. Parsonii. A sigmoidal relationship was found between percent electrolyte leakage and temperature treatment. About 50% electrolyte leakage was realized from a 20 minute exposure of roots to 50.5 ± 0.5°, 48.5 ± 0.5° and 46.5 ± 0.5°C for I. anisatum, J. chinensis, and I. cornuta, respectively.
A Technique for Onion Cold Hardiness Evaluation: Effects of Plant Age and Size on Hardiness1
Authors: Peffley E. B. , Ortiz M. , Corgan J. N. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Field grown onion plants (Allium cepa L. cvs. New Mexico Yellow Grano and Yellow Granex) harvested in December were frozen in a laboratory freezer were removed from the freezer at about 1°C intervals and replanted in sand in a warm greenhouse. Criterion for survival was root regeneration within 3 weeks. The LT50 value as determined by probit analysis for 58-day-old plants (−8.8°C) was significantly higher (0.5% level) than for the 74- or 90-day-old plants (−10.5 or−10.8°C) indicating less cold hardiness for the youngest plants.
Off-season Bloom in ‘Temple’ Orange Repressed by Gibberellin1
Authors: Monselise S. P. , Brosh P. , Costo J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
One early treatment (late May) with 25 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) strongly depressed summer and fall bloom and resulting off-season fruits of ‘Temple’ orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco × C. sinensis (L.) osbeck). A late June treatment failed to repress and even tended to increase the number of off-season fruits. A repeated treatment at both dates, had a smaller effect than a single early treatment. A possible effect of a late GA application on the persistence of off-season fruitlets is suggested. Girdling of a part of scaffold branches gave a response similar to that of the early GA treatment.
Computer-controlled Temperature Chambers for Plant-environment Studies1
Authors: Gilreath P. R. , Rippetoe L. W. , Buchanan D. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A computer-controlled temperature chamber system using modified chest-type freezers was developed for plant chilling studies. A temperature range of −18° to 35° ± 1.25°C enabled the system to be used for cold hardiness research. Chambers were easily modified for accurate control of soil temperature of container-grown plants. This system provided flexibility of use and regulation of several temperature regimes simultaneously at a comparatively low cost.
Single Node Stem Propagation of Alyxia olivaeformis1
Authors: Tanabe M. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rooting percentage, number, length and quality of single node maile stem cuttings (Alyxia olivaeformis Gaud. F. Fusiformis) were increased by 3000 ppm and 8000 ppm indolebutyric acid (IBA) concentrated dip solutions. Hardwood cuttings root better than semihardwood cuttings.
Nature and Extent of Losses in Consumer-grade Samples of Blueberries in Greater New York1
Authors: Cappellini R. A. , Ceponis M. J. , Koslow G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Consumer samples averaged 15.2% defective fruit of blueberries, (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in Greater New York supermarkets during 1978-1980. Fungal decays accounted for two-thirds of the defective fruit; overripe, shrivelled, and mechanically injured berries accounted for much of the remainder. An unusual and possibly new disease of the fruit was noted at the blossom end.
Relationship between Pecan Yields and the Quality and Quantity of Oil in Nutmeats1
Authors: McMeans J. L. , Malstrom H. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A 3-year field study was undertaken to determine variations within ‘Moneymaker’ pecans [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch] as to oil quantity and fatty acid content of the kernel. Individual pecan trees bore irregularly over the 3-year period. Yields were inversely correlated with nut wt and total oil content and directly with refractive index and potassium concentration of the mature kernel. Six fatty acids were found in kernel oil but only palmitic, oleic, and linoleic were correlated to yield.
‘Oregon 605’ Pea1
Authors: Baggett J. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Oregon 605’ pea (Pisum sativum L.) was developed primarily for commercial freezing in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. It is resistant to the enation mosaic-red clover vein mosaic virus complex, a limiting factor in Western Oregon pea production. ‘Oregon 605’ is also resistant to powdery mildew, an advantage in seed production areas and possible processing areas such as Northeastern Oregon and Southeastern Washington. ‘Oregon 605’ was released jointly by the Oregon and Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations.
Germination of Kalmia Seed after Storage of Up to 20 Years1
Authors: Jaynes Richard A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Germination of 42 of 48 lots of Kalmia latifolia L. seed stored up to 20 years was 22% or more. Germination of 1 lot of K. angustifolia L. seed stored 16 years was 22% and that of 2 lots of K. cuneata Michx. seed stored 3 and 10 years was 29 and 46%, respectively. Only 3 of 10 stored seed lots of K. polifolia Wang germinated, but germination was as high as 59% after 15 years. Germination of 8 lots of stored K. hirsuta Walt, seed was near 0.
In-line Application of Porous Wax Coating Materials to Reduce Friction Discoloration of ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’Anjou’ Pears1,2
Authors: Mellenthin W. M. , Chen P. M. , Borgic D. M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’Anjou’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) were passed through several brushrollers during washing, rinsing, waxing, and drying sequences of a simulated packing process. In-line application of Fresh-Cote, a wax coating formula with porosity, to the pear surface at waxing location of the packing line reduced peel discoloration of ‘Bartlett’, but not ‘d’Anjou’, due to brush friction. Fruits also were subjected to a return flow belt for 5 minutes to simulate the sorting sequence during packing. Fresh-Cote substantially reduced the susceptibility of both ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’Anjou’ pears to peel discoloration due to belt friction.
Zinc Levels in Pecan Leaflets from Broadcast and Band Applications over a Six-year Period1
Authors: Payne Jerry A. , Sparks Darrell 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
During a 6-year study, Zn levels in pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch] leaflets from equivalent Zn rates per 50-year-old tree were greater from broadcast than from band application. Equivalent amounts of Zn per tree were applied to the soil surface on a broadcast and band basis. Broadcast rates were 0, 20, 40, 80, or 160 kg of Zn/ha. Band rates were 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, or 3.2 kg of Zn/tree applied in a 15-cm-wide band. Response from broadcast was quicker than from band application in that leaflet Zn was increased above the sufficiency level with 40 kg or more Zn/ha but only by the 3.2 kg of Zn/tree in the case of the band.
Rapid Screening of ‘Satsuma’ Mandarin Progeny to Distinguish Nucellar and Zygotic Seedlings1
Authors: Weinbaum S. A. , Cohen E. , Spiegel-Roy P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nucellar and zygotic offspring of ‘Satsuma’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) were differentiated by gas chromatographic analysis of gaseous emanations from fragmented leaves of 6-month-old seedlings. Analysis was rapid (< 3 minutes/sample), could be performed on individual leaves, and required virtually no tissue processing. Thus, the method is amenable to the screening of large progeny at the young seedling stage.
Interrelationships of Freezing and Heat Tolerance in Tuber-bearing Solanum species1
Authors: Chen Hwei-Hwang , Shen Zheng-Yan , Li P. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Several tuber-bearing Solanum species with different levels of frost hardiness and different capacities for cold acclimation were studied for the interrelationship of freezing and heat tolerance after cold and heat acclimation. Cold acclimation could increase the frost hardiness in some species as previously reported, but except for S. commersonii it did not change the heat hardiness in species studied. Heat acclimation, on the other hand, could increase the heat hardiness in all tested species without affecting their frost hardiness. There is no systematic relationship between freezing and heat tolerance and no correlation in heat hardiness between the controls and the heat acclimated plants. The results indicate that the mechanisms of cold and heat acclimation in the potato appear to be independent of each other.
‘Colossus 80’ Southernpea1
Authors: Fery R. L. , Dukes P. D. , Ogle W. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Colossus 80’ southernpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] has been released by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Clemson University as a replacement for ‘Colossus’, a widely adapted and popular home garden and fresh-market cultivar that was released by Clemson University in 1972 (8). ‘Colossus 80’ is highly resistant to Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), a disease incited by Cercospora cruenta Sacc. (= Mycosphaerella cruenta Latham)5. CLS is one of the most serious foliage diseases of southernpeas in the southeastern United States and infection of susceptible cultivars results in premature defoliation and reduced yields. The original ‘Colossus’ is highly susceptible to this disease. Fery et al. (7) reported reductions of 36, 25, 10, and 3% in total seed yield, pod number, seed number per pod, and average weight per 100 seed, respectively, in a naturally infected ‘Colossus’ planting.
‘Sterling’ Muscadine Grape1
Authors: Nesbitt W. B. , Carroll D. E. , Earp J. B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Sterling’ is a bronze-fruited Vitis rotundifolia Michx. cultivar released by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. It is perfect-flowered, self-fruitful, productive, winter-hardy in muscadine growing areas, vigorous and resistant to berry shatter. When ripe, it picks with a reasonably good stem scar and has 6.5-g fruit. ‘Sterling’ is suited for pick-your-own and fresh fruit sales and can be made into a white wine comparable to that of ‘Scuppemong’ and ‘Carlos’.
Immunoassays — an Alternative for the Detection and Quantification of Small Molecules in Plants
Authors: Daie Jaleh , Wyse Roger E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Advances in plant biochemistry depend on new technologies for the detection and quantification of small molecules. Plant biochemists must be able to detect and quantify low molecular weight metabolites and hormones in specific tissues or even single cells if they hope to relate biochemical function to physiological response. In many cases, new technology has to precede significant research. Phytohormone research offers such examples.
Introduction To The Symposium
Authors: Relf Paula D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Satisfying the needs of the consumer is the ultimate goal of all horticultural activities. This need may be for food, enhanced environmental quality, recreational activities, or any of the multitude of gains from the plant kingdom. However, the recent thrust toward home horticulture and the role of land grant universities in educating the homeowner directly has led many to feel that this is a new, and perhaps extraneous, area for horticulturists to be involved in. This symposium is intended to put this “movement” into perspective as an integral and essential part of horticulture.
The Impact of Horticulture Courses for Non-Majors
Authors: Wootton Richard D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The student generation of today has grown up in an era when environmental issues and energy concerns have been paramount. Concurrently, there has been a gradual societal shift toward a more natural way of life and self-sufficiency. The increased use of plant materials in and around the home and home fruit and vegetable production reflect these trends, as do the record enrollments in horticulture courses during the last 10 years.
Careers in Horticulture1
Authors: Kessler George M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
An art as old as the Garden of Eden and a science as new as tomorrow, horticulture deals with the development, growth, distribution, and utilization of fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. Horticulture is a hobby to some and a profession to others. It enriches our lives with nutritious, flavorsome foods and the beauty and utility of decorative plants.
A High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Determining Ascorbic Acid Content of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables1
Authors: Watada Alley E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ascorbic acid of fresh fruits and vegetables was extracted with 6% metaphosphoric acid and determined effectively by using a C18 cartridge in a radial compression module and 1.5% NH4H2PO4 mobile phase in a high performance liquid chromatograph.
Height Control of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Ace’ Using Ancymidol Bulb-dips1
Authors: Lewis A. J. , Lewis J. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ancymidol [α-cyclopropyl-α-(ρ-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol] applied at concentrations above 25 ppm active ingredient (a.i.) as a quick bulb-dip prior to cooling significantly reduced ‘Ace’ Easter lily height. Postcooling dips were not as effective and postemergence soil drenches were least effective. There was a trend toward delayed emergence and delayed flowering with increasing ancymidol concentrations when applied as bulb-dips either prior to or after cooling, however, significant delays occurred only with higher concentrations applied after cooling.
Regulation of Growth and Flowering in Basket of Gold, Aurinia saxatilis (L.) Desv1
Authors: Shedron Karen G. , Weiler Thomas C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cold storage for a minimum of 12 weeks induced flowering of Aurinia saxatilis. Seedlings became receptive to cold induction of flowering only after reaching the stage of 10 crowns/plant, approximately 7 months after sowing. The species is suited to production in 7.5 – 10 cm diameter containers.
Flower Bud Removal with Surfactants for Peach Thinning1
Authors: Byers R. E. , Lyons C. G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Limb applications of 5% or 10% alkaryl polyoxyethylene alcohols (X-77 or X- 45) caused flower bud removal when applied to peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] with a hand pump sprayer from first pink to 90% bloom. Applications made in late pink or bloom period caused a greater reduction in fruit set than earlier treatments. Applications made at 90% bloom caused some phytotoxicity to the tips of the first small leaves but did not affect the growth of the terminal vegetative primorida or of larger leaves produced on later terminals. Thinning appeared to be commercially acceptable when applied between 30% and 90% bloom. Fruit size at harvest was greater than the unthinned control. Airblast applications of 10% X-77 on the ‘Loring’ cultivar reduced fruit set about 40%.
Identification of Pecan Cultivars with Pollen Isozymes1
Authors: Mielke Eugene A. , Wolfe Wade H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The isozyme banding patterns of pollen enzymes make it possible to distinguish between the 4 principal cultivars of pecan (Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch) grown in Arizona (‘Apache’, ‘Barton’, ‘Western Schley’ and ‘Wichita’). Although differences existed in all 3 enzymes asaayed (acid phosphatase (HP), glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) and esterase (EST) only information provided by GOT and EST was necessary to distinguish between the 4 cultivars.
Effects of Ethephon on Shell Dehiscence and Flower Bud Abscission in Pistachio1
Authors: Crane Julian C. , Iwakiri Ben T. , Lin Tzong-Shyan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Ethephon did not increase shell dehiscence in pistachio, Pistacia vera L., and caused excessive gum exudation from the trunk and framework branches and severe flower bud abscission.
Diallel Analysis of Root Rot Resistance in Papaya1
Authors: Mosqueda-Vazquez R. , Nakasone H. Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Five inbred lines of papaya (Carica papaya L.) ranging from susceptible to resistant to phytophthora root rot (Phytophthora palmivora Butl.) were crossed in a diallel, and inbred parents and F, progenies were inoculated with P. palmivora isolate P170. The diallel analysis of mortality from phytophthora infection indicated significant general combining ability and specific combining ability; the GCA: SC A mean square ratio of 15.7 indicated GCA to be more important than SCA. Parental means correlated well with hybrid array means (r=0.89).