bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional Veterinary Medicine of Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Campesinos of the Southern Andes: An Ethnoecological Approach
Authors: Olivares Fernanda , Marchant Carla , Ibarra José Tomás 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: In an ethnoecological framework, traditional veterinary medicine comprises knowledge, practices, and beliefs about farm animals. Its study serves to offer ecologically and culturally appropriate strategies for management of the animals and their health in a context marked by the increased use of allopathic medicine, socio-environmental degradation, pollution, and climate change. In this study, we use an ethnoecological approach to document the ethnoveterinary knowledge, practices, and beliefs that Mapuche and non-Mapuche campesinos in the southern Andes have about the management of animals and their health. In addition, we investigate the main factors influencing the current use of traditional veterinary medicine.Methods: In January-March 2021, we undertook participant observation and conducted 60 semi-structured and informal interviews with Mapuche and non-Mapuche campesinos from the Pucón and Curarrehue municipal districts in the southern Chilean Andes.Results: On animal management, we identified a set of knowledge about climatic conditions that is the basis of 14 practices related to animal production, feeding, and reproduction. On health management, we recorded knowledge about 30 plant species, grouped into seven categories. The highest informant consensus factors were for the categories of wounds and parasites. The main treatment preparation practices are decoction (42%) and oral administration (77%). We identified a system of beliefs with close ties to the Mapuche cosmovision, based on respect and connection with the different manifestations of nature. We found that the growing use of allopathic medicine, the processes of reduction and change in the structure of land ownership, and climate change are the main factors in the current lower use of traditional veterinary medicine.Conclusion: Our results reveal the presence of ethnoveterinary knowledge, practices, and beliefs that are safeguarded by Mapuche and non-Mapuche campesinos in the southern Andes. However, their use is under threat, making it imperative they are documented and visibilized since they provide new perspectives for the development of bioculturally diverse and sustainable animal production.
Health beliefs around stroke in an urban South African setting - a qualitative study
Authors: Murphy Shane , Moosa Shabir 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Individuals in developing countries are disproportionately affected by stroke disease, where healthcare services are overwhelmed, and inadequate health literacy stifles preventive and promotive health behaviours. This research aimed to explore the experiences and views of patients with stroke in an urban South African setting. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 patients living with stroke disease, recruited from an outpatient department in an urban setting. Participants in this study frequently described stroke disease as a fate worse than death. They frequently cited cultural, spiritual and psychological factors as causes for their stroke. Participants were unaware of any potential therapies and viewed the healthcare system as unhelpful and frustrating. These findings highlight the lived experiences of patients with debilitating stroke disease in a health system that is hospicentric with a curative design. Poor health literacy disables appropriate health-related preventive and promotive behaviours around stroke disease that disproportionately affects the marginalised of society.
Evaluation of East Asian Meiyu from CMIP6/AMIP Simulations
Authors: Tong Mingjun , Zheng Zhihai , Fu Qiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
East Asian Meiyu simulated by 35 global atmospheric models from the 6 th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) / Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) were systematically evaluated for 1998-2014. The results show that most of the CMIP6/AMIP model can hardly reproduce the observed spatial pattern and interannual variability of East Asian Meiyu. The spatial pattern is relatively better simulated over Southern Korea and Japan where 14 out of 35 models have realistically simulated precipitation, as compared with the lower reaches of the Yangtze River where only 7 out of 35 models can well reproduce the Meiyu precipitation. For the Meiyu interannual variations, GFDL-CM4 and GFDL-ESM4 have the closest variance among the models versus the TRMM observations, while 12 out of 35 models show smaller variances. We explored the relationships of Meiyu precipitation with large-scale circulation and tropical sea surface temperature (SST), and showed that these relationships from CESM2-WACCM-FV2, EC-Earth3-CC, and MPI-ESM1-2-HAM agree well with those based on TRMM precipitation, MERRA2 reanalysis-derived large-scale atmospheric fields, and observed SST. It is found that the models with a better simulation of Meiyu precipitation can capture the relationship between Meiyu precipitation and the SST in the eastern equatorial Pacific and Indian Ocean more realistically. A performance ranking of the 35 individual CMIP6/AMIP models is further provided. It is shown that the top 20% of models based on interannual variability score (IVS) tend to simulate a more realistic western Pacific subtropical high than the bottom 20% of models. And the top 20% of models based on comprehensive ranking measure (CRM) simulate a more realistic EAP pattern than the bottom 20% of models.
A Review on the In Vitro Evaluation of the Anticholinesterase Activity Based on Ellman’s Method
Authors: Botura Mariana Borges , de Almeida Raquel Bianca Marchesine , de Almeida Luz Rebecca Lustosa Silva , Leite Franco Henrique Andrade 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Inhibition of cholinesterases is a common strategy for the treatment of several disorders, especially Alzheimer´s disease. In vitro assays represent a critical step towards identifying molecules with potential anticholinesterase effect. This study aimed at providing a comprehensive review of the methodologies used in vitro for the anticholinesterase activity based on the spectrophotometry of Ellman’s method. This work used two databases (PubMed and ScienceDirect) to search for original articles and selected publications between 1961 and 2019, which reported in vitro spectrophotometry assays for anticholinesterase activity. After the search process and the selection of publications, the final sample consisted of 146 articles published in several journals submitted by researchers from different countries. Although the studies analyzed in this work are all within the same conception of in vitro tests based on Ellman’s method, one can observe a wide divergence in the origin and concentration of enzyme, the choice and pH of the buffer, the concentration of the substrate, the sample diluent, incubation time, temperature, and time of the spectrophotometric reading interval. There is no consensus in the methodology of studies with in vitro tests for anticholinesterase assessment. The methodological variations related to kinetic parameters may interfere in the characterization of cholinesterase inhibitors.
The Determinative Role of Cytokines in Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Rasoulinejad Seyed Ahmad , Kiyamehr Pegah 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a neonatal disease corresponding to
vision impairment and blindness. Utilizing the pathogenesis of ROP and the risk factors
affecting its progression can help prevent and reduce its incidence and lead to the
emergence and development of new treatment strategies. Factors influencing
retinopathy include growth and inflammatory factors that play an essential role in the
pathogenesis of the ROP. This review summarizes the most critical factors in the
pathogenesis of ROP.
Recent Developments of Flavonoids with Various Activities
Authors: Sun Zhi-Gang , Li Zhi-Na , Zhang Jin-Mai , Hou Xiao-Yan , Yeh Stacy Mary , Ming Xin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Flavonoids, a series of compounds with C6-C3-C6 structure, mostly originate from plant metabolism. Flavonoids have shown beneficial effects on many aspects of human physiology and health. Recently, many flavonoids with various activities have been discovered, which has led to more and more studies focusing on their physiological and pharmacodynamic activities. The anti-cancer and anti-viral activities especially have attracted the attention of many researchers. Therefore, the discovery and development of flavonoids as anti-disease drugs has great potential and may make significant contribution to fighting diseases. This review focus on the discovery and development of flavonoids in medicinal chemistry in recent years.
Ionic Liquids: Environment-friendly Greener Solvents for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Dinodia Monica 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Constituted by ions, ionic liquids (ILs) are evolving as greener solvents for many organic syntheses. Due to their high solvent power and low volatility, ionic liquids are serving as an environment-friendly substitute to conventional volatile organic solvents. The present review introduces ionic liquids as an insight into the diverse recent applications of ILs in organic synthesis.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Docking Analysis of Novel Tetrahydrobenzothiophene
Derivatives
Authors: Mishra Raghav , Kumar Nitin , Sachan Neetu 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The role of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors in cancer development
has raised the interest to develop multi-functional agents.

Objective:
The main purpose of this work was in silico design and synthesis of potential anticancer candidates
with antioxidant effect.

Methods:
The compounds were designed based on their docking studies with respect to the RORγt receptor.
Using the Gewald protocol, a series of new tetrahydrobenzothiophene derivatives was synthesized.
The physicochemical and spectroanalytical findings, including FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass
spectroscopic techniques, verified the molecular structures of the synthesized derivatives. The anticancer
and antioxidant potential of the synthesized compounds was assessed in vitro. The compounds were tested
by the National Cancer Institute, USA for anticancer action towards different cell lines representing
nine cancerous conditions. The antioxidant activity of compounds was assessed in vitro using the DPPH
free radical scavenging method.

Results:
Docking analysis on RORγt receptors revealed that the test compounds have anticancer potential.
Within the binding pocket of the chosen PDB ID (6q7a), RCA3 and RCA5 showed good docking scores in
molecular docking studies, validating their capability of being used in rational drug design as lead compounds.
Compounds showed diversified ratios of anticancer activity. RCA5 and RCA7 showed excellent
antioxidant activity in reference to ascorbic acid with IC50 values of 18.71μg/mL and 20.88μg/mL.

Conclusion:
Cytotoxicity results very well complemented the docking scores. Compounds RCA3 and
RCA5 displayed higher anticancer activity in the subpanels of leukemia, breast cancer, and lung cancer.
Compounds RCA5 and RCA7 displayed potent antioxidant action comparable to ascorbic acid, while other
compounds presented mild to good antioxidant behavior.
The Relationship between Serum Oxytocin Levels and Sexual Function
and Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ghorbani Zahra , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Hasani Sonia 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Inconsistent results were found regarding the relationship between human
blood oxytocin (OXT) levels and psychiatric and sexual dysfunction (SD) in several studies.

Objective:
The present study aimed to determine the relationship between OXT levels and sexual
function and depression.

Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study involving 84 non-pregnant healthy married women at childbearing
age. Beck Depression Inventory and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were used to
collect the data, and human oxytocin ELISA kit was used to determine serum OXT level. The independent
t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to determine the relationship between
variables.

Results:
Average age of the participants was 36.1 (6.91) in this study and the range of their age
was 19-49. The mean serum OXT level was 192.70 (139.71)pg/ml. The mean total score of FSFI
and depression were 21.54 (5.18) and 12.42 (11.20) from the attainable score of 2-36 and 0-63, respectively.
The associations between serum OXT level and FSFI overall score (r=0.066, P=0.548)
and depression score (r=0.137, P=0.215) were not found to be significant. No statistically significant
differences were found between the two groups of women with and without SD (P=0.155)
and women with and without depression (P=0.110) in terms of serum OXT levels.

Conclusion:
The results of this study did not indicate a significant relationship between serum
OXT levels and depression and sexual function. As there was no significant relationship between
the oxytocin concentrations and measured outcomes, conducting further studies with a better study
design and a larger sample size is recommended.
Determination of Methanol in Commercialized Alcohol-based Hand Sanitizing
and Other Similar Products using Headspace GC-MS
Authors: Jang Min , Yang Hyemin , Shin Giyoung , Koo Jun Mo , Hwang Sung Yeon , Park Jeyoung , X. Oh Dongyeop 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Demand for alcohol-based products, including gel- and aqueous-type hand
sanitizers, room sprays, and mouthwashes, has rapidly increased during the ongoing COVID-19
pandemic because of their microbicidal properties. However, toxic methanol can be found from the
intentional addition of methanol by manufacturers and invariable production during the manufacturing
of alcohol (ethanol). Although the FDA has recommended that such products should contain
less than 630 ppm of methanol, it is only a temporary measure established specifically to regulate
such products during the current COVID-19 pandemic and hence is not strictly regulated.

Objective:
This study aims to detect and quantify the level of methanol in alcohol-based products.
However, some manufacturers unethically add methanol to their products and promote them as
methanol-free. Besides, they do not provide proficiency and toxicity test results. Therefore, these
kinds of products need to be analyzed to determine if they are acceptable to use.

Method:
This study qualitatively and quantitatively investigates the amount of methanol in commercial
alcohol-based products using a newly developed headspace gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry method. Moreover, alcoholic beverages which contain methanol are analyzed to be
compared with the levels of methanol in alcohol-based products and determine if their methanol
levels are acceptable.

Results:
Methanol concentrations in gel-type hand sanitizers (517 ppm) and mouthwashes (202
ppm) were similar to those in white wine (429 ppm) and beer (256 ppm), respectively, while that of
aqueous-type hand sanitizers (1139 ppm) was 1.5 times more than that of red wine (751 ppm).

Conclusion:
Methanol levels in most of the alcohol-based products did not exceed the FDArecommended
limit.
Natural Killer Cell-targeted Immunotherapy for Cancer
Authors: Tang Jingyi , Zhu Qi , Li Zhaoyang , Yang Jiahui , Lai Yu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:Natural Killer (NK) cells were initially described in the early 1970s as major histocompatibility complex unrestricted killers due to their ability to spontaneously kill certain tumor cells. In the past decade, the field of NK cell-based treatment has been accelerating exponentially, holding a dominant position in cancer immunotherapy innovation. Generally, research on NK cell-mediated antitumor therapies can be categorized into three areas: choosing the optimal source of allogeneic NK cells to yield massively amplified “off-the-shelf” products, improving NK cell cytotoxicity and longevity, and engineering NK cells with the ability of tumor-specific recognition. In this review, we focused on NK cell manufacturing techniques, some auxiliary methods to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of NK cells, chimeric antigen receptor NK cells, and monoclonal antibodies targeting inhibitory receptors, which can significantly augment the antitumor activity of NK cells. Notably, emerging evidence suggests that NK cells are a promising constituent of multipronged therapeutic strategies, strengthening immune responses to cancer.
Gli1+ Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone and Teeth
Authors: Wu Yange , Zhou Xueman , Yuan Wenxiu , Liu Jiaqi , Yang Wenke , Zhu Yufan , Ye Chengxinyue , Xiong Xin , Zhang Qinlanhui , Liu Jin , Wang Jun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are remarkable and noteworthy. Identification of markers
for MSCs enables the study of their niche in vivo. It has been identified that glioma-associated
oncogene 1 positive (Gli1+) cells are mesenchymal stem cells supporting homeostasis and injury repair,
especially in the skeletal system and teeth. This review outlines the role of Gli1+ cells as an
MSC subpopulation in both bones and teeth, suggesting the prospects of Gli1+ cells in stem cell-
based tissue engineering.
Structural Activity Relationship based Medicinal Perspectives of Pyrimidine Derivatives as Anti-Alzheimer’s Agents: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Das Subham , Akbar Saleem , Ahmed Bahar , Dewangan Rikeshwar Prasad , Iqubal Ashif , Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Joseph Alex 
Published: January 2022

Abstract:
Pyrimidine is an aromatic and heterocyclic organic compound containing a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon and two nitrogen atoms on alternative positions. Pyrimidine scaffolds described theirexistence inthe medicinal chemist’s cause for their synthesizing practicability and nonpoisonous nature. However, the reason behind neurological disorders is still an open challenge for scientific research and development organizations. Efficacy voids are widespread before researchers, despite high throughput research in the field of anti-Alzheimer's drugs.Researchers have constantly investigated all the probabilities for restraining the unwanted adverse effects of the anti-Alzheimer’s agents and are focusing more extensively to rehabilitate neurological disorders. The scientific literature on drug development has been an aspiration to medicinal chemists and other researchers to facilitate further research. Therefore, this review emphasizes the structure-activity relationship (SAR) based approach and the pharmacological advancements of pyrimidine moiety in the new era of therapeutics as anti-Alzheimer’s agents.
Recent Patents for Collection Device of Fruit Harvesting Machine
Authors: Bao Yudong , Yuan Naifeng , Zhao Yanling , Wu Linkai 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Fruit harvesting operation is an important part of the whole process of fruit
production. As a key component of the harvesting machine, the performance of the collection device
directly affects the harvesting efficiency and the quality of the collected fruits. Obtaining betterperforming
collection devices and more efficient collection methods is the direction of research development
in this field.

Objective:
By analyzing and discussing the patents of mechanically assisted harvesting machines,
mechanized harvesting machines and harvesting robots collection devices, we have summarized
their development trends and provided references for the development of harvesting collection devices.

Methods:
An overview has been provided of the various patents currently available relating to mechanically
assisted harvesters, mechanized harvesters and harvesting robotic collection devices. The
advantages and disadvantages of collection methods and devices are presented. The results of the
study have also been combined with patent analysis.

Results:
Through the summary of a large number of harvesting machine collection device patents,
their characteristics are analyzed. Further trends in the development of harvesting machine collection
devices are also discussed.

Conclusion:
The in-depth research on various types of harvesting machine collection devices is
helpful to solve the problems of safety hazards, low harvesting efficiency, large fruit injury, unreasonable
size of collection devices and unreasonable matching of human-machine relationship.
Application of Surface Microtexture Technology
Authors: Pan Chengyi , Chang Jiahao , Gu Yanguang , Wang Chuan 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Surface condition of mechanical parts has a significant impact on the machine
performance. The use of surface microtexture technology based on bionics is an effective
method to improve the comprehensive performance of the surface of machine parts. Surfaces with
microscopic pits, convex-hulls, microgrooves, and scale textures can reduce wear, improve friction,
enhance lubrication, decrease drag, and minimize noise. Surface microtexture technology has been
widely used in many types of machinery, embodying various properties in working conditions.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of recent patents and related research
on surface microtexture technology, and to serve as a guide for future applications.

Methods:
The paper describes the development of surface microtexture technology, reviews the representative
patents on surface microtextures and their applications in industrial field, including cutting
tools, bearings, gears, blades, etc. The advantages and disadvantages of various surface microtextures
are discussed.

Results:
In this study, the influence of surface microtexture on friction, wear, lubrication, sealing,
noise reduction, and hydrophobicity is examined through the analyses of various microtexture
produts. The main problems in future development of surface microtexture technology are summarized.

Conclusion:
Machine elements with different types of microtexture perform different functions.
The geometrical parameters of the microtexture contribute greatly to the surface properties of the
machine elements. Therefore, the surface performance of machine elements can be improved by
designing and optimizing the geometric parameters of the microtexture. In the future, more patents
focused on surface microtexture will be reported.