bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Advance Market Commitments for New Vaccines
Authors: Kremer Michael , Levin Jonathan , Snyder Christopher M. 
Published: February 2022

Advance market commitments (AMCs) provide a mechanism to stimulate investment by suppliers of products to low-income countries. In an AMC, donors commit to a fund from which a specified subsidy is paid per unit purchased by low-income countries until the fund is exhausted, strengthening suppliers’ incentives to invest in research, development, and capacity. Last decade saw the launch of a $1.5 billion pilot AMC to distribute pneumococcal vaccine to the developing world; in the current pandemic, variations on AMCs are being used to fund COVID-19 vaccines. This paper undertakes the first formal analysis of AMCs. We construct a model in which an altruistic donor negotiates on behalf of a low-income country with a vaccine supplier after the supplier has sunk investments. We use this model to explain the logic of an AMC—as a solution to a hold-up problem—and to analyze alternative design features under various economic conditions (cost uncertainty, supplier competition). A key finding is that optimal AMC design differs markedly depending on where the product is in its development cycle. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.
Behavior of Corporate Depositors During a Bank Panic
Authors: Chernykh Lucy , Mityakov Sergey 
Published: February 2022

We use high-frequency data to study access and response to bank-level information by corporate depositors during a banking crisis. We examine a bank panic episode in Russia during the summer of 2004 triggered by the Central Bank of Russia (CBR) announcement to liquidate banks for suspicious operations. Our results support the presence of sophisticated depositor monitoring and discipline. Private information about bank risk is available to depositor-firms with a strong business connection to their bank. Other corporate depositors make withdrawals based on publicly observable bank characteristics. Corporate depositors (both with and without strong business ties to the bank) are also susceptible to rumors floating around the banking community. However, those rumors reflect bank-risk fundamentals. Contagion effects seem to be limited. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4304 .
Using Video Modeling Plus a System of Least Prompts to Teach People With Intellectual Disability to Participate in Faith Communities
Authors: Slocum Victoria , Ault Melinda Jones 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
There is a need for meaningful inclusion of people with disabilities in faith communities beyond physical presence. Although it has been recommended that evidence-based practices be used to increase the meaningful participation of people with intellectual disability in faith communities, there is a lack of empirical studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of video modeling and the system of least prompts in teaching individuals with intellectual disability to participate in a community activity. The results indicated the intervention was effective in teaching the tasks in simulated situations and following acquisition, the behaviors generalized to the actual worship service or faith community setting.
Bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and associated factors of community-acquired pneumonia among adult patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Assefa Muluneh , Tigabu Abiye , Belachew Teshome , Tessema Belay 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionCommunity-acquired pneumonia is associated with higher morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality in adults. Likewise, antimicrobial resistance has increased in recent decades in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the bacterial isolates, their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and factors associated with community-acquired pneumonia among adult patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia.Materials and methodsThis institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2021. Sociodemographic, clinical, and other relevant data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. A total of 312 sputum specimens were collected using sputum cups and inoculated into blood agar, chocolate agar, mannitol salt agar, and MacConkey agar plates, which were then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The bacterial isolates were identified based on Gram staining, colony characteristics, and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Inducible clindamycin resistance among theS.aureusisolates was detected by the D-test. Data were entered using EPI data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. P-value ≤ 0.05 at 95% CI was considered statistically significant.ResultsOf 312 cases, 39.4% (n = 123; 95% CI: 34.1%–44.9%) were found to have culture-confirmed pneumonia. The most common isolates wereK.pneumoniae(31.0%, n = 39),S.pneumoniae(26.2%, n = 33), andS.aureus(20.6%, n = 26). The gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to chloramphenicol (100%) and clindamycin (96.6%). Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to gentamicin (87.5%), azithromycin (87.1%), ciprofloxacin (86.6%), and ceftriaxone (79.0%) but highly resistant to ampicillin (100%), followed by tetracycline (87.1%), doxycycline (86.4%), co-trimoxazole (80.6%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (79.0%). Overall, 72.2% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant toK.pneumoniae(94.9%, n = 37),E.coli(93.8%, n = 15), andS.pneumoniae(72.7%, n = 24). Only, 7.7% ofS.aureusisolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance. Aging (AOR: 3.248, 95% CI: 1.001–10.545, p = 0.050), a history of pneumonia (AOR: 7.004, 95% CI: 3.591–13.658, p = 0.001), alcohol use (AOR: 6.614, 95% CI: 3.399–12.872, p < 0.001), and overcrowded living conditions (AOR: 4.348, 95% CI: 1.964–9.624, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with culture-positive sputum.Conclusion and recommendationsThis study found a high prevalence of bacteria-caused community-acquired pneumonia among adults and low susceptibility to ampicillin, tetracyclines, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Therefore, culture-based bacterial identification and local antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed regularly. Additionally, new insights into vaccine coverage against highly multi-drug resistant bacteria, particularlyK.pneumoniae, are necessary.
Endoscopic R1/Rx Resection of T1 Colorectal Cancer–What Next?
Authors: Schmidt Arthur , Neeff Hannes Philipp , Quante Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
T1 carcinoma is often not recognized as such, and inappropriate endoscopic resection techniques are selected, resulting in positive (R1) or nonassessable (Rx) resection margins. Full-thickness resection has been proposed as an alternative to completion surgery. Gijsbers et al. compared oncological outcomes of both strategies. The main finding was that colorectal cancer recurrence was significantly higher in the full-thickness excision of the scar compared with the completion surgery group (9.0% vs 2.2%). However, metastasis-free survival and overall survival were not significantly different in both groups. The results of this study favor full-thickness excision of the scar as the first-line approach for Rx/R1-resected margins but otherwise low-risk tumors.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Role Playing pada Materi Debat untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Kelas X MIPA 3 MAN 2 Bantul
Authors: Sumardiasih Sumardiasih 
Published: February 2022

This study aims to improve the activeness and achievement of learning in Indonesian language debate materials by using role-playing learning models in grade X students of MIPA 3 MAN 2 Bantul even semester of the 2019/2020 academic year. This research was conducted from January to April 2020. This study's subject was a Grade X student of MIPA 3 MAN 2 Bantul, who numbered 25 students. The indicators examined in this study are the activeness and learning achievement of students. The research design uses a class action research model. The study consisted of 2 cycles, each of which consisted of 3 meetings. The data collection method uses observation method, questionnaires, and written tests. The study results can be concluded that applying the Role-Playing learning model can increase the activeness and achievement of learning in the field of study of Bahasa Indonesia debate material in students grade X MIPA 3 MAN 2 Bantul even semester 2019/2020. Student activity in the first cycle of 61.50% increased in the second cycle to 88.50%. In the first cycle, student learning achievement based on an average score of 65.55% increased in the second cycle to 82.28%. Similarly, the number of students completed in the first cycle by 36% rose to 80%. The successful use of Role-Playing learning models can be used as an alternative learning model to improve students' activeness and learning achievement.
Lévy flight and chaos theory-based gravitational search algorithm for mechanical and structural engineering design optimization
Authors: Rather Sajad Ahmad , Bala Perumal Shanthi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The main aim of this article is to explore the real-life problem-solving potential of the proposed Lévy flight-based chaotic gravitational search algorithm (LCGSA) for the minimization of engineering design variables of speed reducer design (SRD), three bar truss design (TBTD), and hydrodynamic thrust bearing design (HTBD) problems. In LCGSA, the diversification of the search space is carried out by Lévy flight distribution. Simultaneously, chaotic maps have been utilized for the intensification of the candidate solutions towards the global optimum. Moreover, the penalty function method has been used to deal with the non-linear and fractional design constraints. The investigation of experimental outcomes has been performed through various performance metrics like statistical measures, run time analysis, convergence rate, and box plot analysis. Moreover, statistical verification of experimental results is carried out using a signed Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Furthermore, eleven heuristic algorithms were employed for comparative analysis of the simulation results. The simulation outcomes clearly show that LCGSA provides better values for TBTD and HTBD benchmarks than standard GSA and most of the competing algorithms. Besides, all the participating algorithms, including LCGSA, have the same results for the SRD problem. On the qualitative side, LCGSA has successfully resolved entrapment in local minima and convergence issues of standard GSA.
Enhancement of mechanical and bioactive characteristics of NiTiMD composite reinforced with waste marble dust
Authors: Singh Rajeev , Sharma Avadesh K. , Sharma Ajay K. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Several bioceramics are used to enhance the bioactivity of NiTi, but the porous structure of these bioceramics simultaneously degrades the mechanical characteristics of implants. Therefore, NiTiMD composites were successfully synthesised with 0–10 wt.% reinforcement of waste marble dust (MD). Further, the effects of marble dust reinforcement on the physical, mechanical, and bioactive properties of NiTiMD composites were analysed. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images and X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the development of the primary NiTi and few secondary (e.g., NiTi2, Ni4Ti3, and Ni3Ti) phases. The porosity of NiTiMD composites increased from 8.74 to 20.83 % with the increase of marble dust reinforcement. Mechanical characterisation exhibited a two times increment in micro-hardness and bone-like Young’s modulus (3.10–6.93 GPa) and compressive strength (77.57–94.36 MPa). It was observed that the marble dust reinforcement enhanced the bioactivity of NiTiMD composites, and a uniform calcium phosphate (Ca-P) layer was formed on the NiTiMD6 and NiTiMD10 composites. Hence, the NiTiMD6 composite with balanced mechanical characteristics and enhanced bioactivity can be used as a novel material for orthopaedic implants.
Effect of Nb on the microstructural evolution and microhardness of Super304H austenitic stainless steel weld metals during long-term aging
Authors: Xiao Xiaopeng , Li Dianzhong , Li Yiyi , Lu Shanping 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Super304H austenitic stainless steel weld metals with Nb-free and 1.0 % Nb-additive were investigated during 650 °C long-term aging. Massive nanoscale M
23C6 particles distributed in the interdendritic regions of the Nb-free weld metal while most of the M
23C6 formed and coarsened on the phase interface between the primary Nb(C, N) phase and matrix in the Nb-bearing weld metal. Nano-sized Cu-rich particles dispersed inside the grains in both weld metals. All of these nano-sized particles gradually coarsened over time. The Cu-rich particles with high distribution density and nanometer size affect the microhardness of both weld metals most during long-term aging. The addition of Nb could increase the microhardness in the relatively short aging time, while the effect of Nb-addition on the microhardness in long-term aging is insignificant.
Activation of SphK2 contributes to adipocyte-induced EOC cell proliferation
Authors: Dai Lan , Wang Chen , Wang Wenjing , Song Keqi , Ye Taiyang , Zhu Jie , Di Wen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of deaths due to cancer in women. Adipocytes have been suggested to play a key role in the stimulation of EOC growth. However, the mechanisms underlying the adipocyte-induced EOC proliferation remain undefined. Here, we provide the first evidence that adipocytes induce the activation of sphingosine kinase (SphK) 2 in EOC, which represents a novel pathway that mediates the adipocyte-induced EOC growth. SphK2 inhibition in EOC cells led to a remarkable inhibition of the adipocyte-induced cell proliferation. Moreover, the adipocyte-induced SphK2 activation in EOC cells was extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK) dependent. Furthermore, silencing SphK2 in EOC significantly inhibited the adipocyte-induced expression of phospho-ERK and c-Myc, two crucial players in EOC growth. Collectively, the current study unraveled a previously unrecognized role of SphK2 in the adipocyte-induced growth-promoting action in EOC, suggesting a novel target for EOC treatment.
Vanillic acid alleviates lipopolysaccharides-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in human lung fibroblasts by `inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB pathways
Authors: Zhao Jihua , Yang Yao 
Published: February 2022

Persistent endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes aberrant inflammation and induces cell death, and inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. Vanillic acid exerts pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. However, the role of vanillic acid in pneumonia has not been elucidated yet. Human lung fibroblasts (WI-38 and MRC-5) were incubated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharides to mimic the cell model of pneumonia. Lipopolysaccharides-treated lung fibroblasts were then incubated with different concentrations of vanillic acid. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay were used to measure the levels of inflammatory factors. Western blot assay was used to detect endoplasmic reticulum stress and downstream pathway. Lipopolysaccharides induced decrease of cell viability in WI-38 and MRC-5 whereas vanillic acid increased cell viability of lipopolysaccharides-treated lung fibroblasts. Lipopolysaccharides-induced increase of cell apoptosis in lung fibroblasts was suppressed by vanillic acid through up-regulation of BCL2, and down-regulation of BCL2 associated X (BAX) and cleaved caspase-3. Vanillic acid reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharides-treated lung fibroblasts. Protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1), activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6), ATF-4, and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in lung fibroblasts were up-regulated by lipopolysaccharides while reduced by vanillic acid. Vanillic acid attenuated lipopolysaccharides-induced decrease of IκBα and increase of p-IκBα, p-p65, p-ERK, and p-JNK in fibroblasts. Vanillic acid exerted anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharides-induced human lung fibroblasts by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B pathways.
Efecto de expansión rápida del maxilar en el tratamiento de trastornos respiratorios del sueño en niños
Authors: Perez-Flores Antonieta , Alarcón Ricardo , Bravo Lorena , Fierro-Monti Claudia , Novoa Romina 
Published: February 2022

El sueño y la respiración son intrínsecamente funciones relacionadas. El espectro de los Trastornos Respiratorios del Sueño (TRS) incluye: el Síndrome de Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (SAOS), Síndrome de Resistencia de Vía Aérea Superior (SRVAS) y Ronquido Primario (RP). Si bien el ronquido es una manifestación muy frecuente, su presencia evidencia algún grado de obstrucción parcial de la vía aérea superior. El tratamiento quirúrgico, adenotonsilectomía, ha sido recomendado como primera línea por guías clínicas extranjeras. La susceptibilidad anatómica para desarrollar apnea del sueño se determina por la relación entre las dimensiones fijas del esqueleto craneofacial, volumen y distribución de las estructuras de los tejidos blandos y el tejido adiposo que residen en el compartimiento esquelético. La expansión rápida del maxilar se utiliza actualmente en niños que presentan constricción maxilar y como tratamiento alternativo de TRS en niños. Se presenta la evidencia bibliográfica de los ultimos 15 años para tratamiento ortopédico de expansión maxilar como tratamiento coadyuvante de TRS en la infancia .
Palabras clave: expansión rápida del maxilar, trastornos respiratorios del sueño en niños.
Design of real-time cow behavior monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks and K-Mmeans clustering algorithm
Authors: Tran Duc-Tan 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The present article is the product of the research whose code CS20.04, carried out during 2020. This work was supported by the Institute of Information Technology (IOIT), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST).
Problem: Animal monitoring is a significant problem in the agricultural sector. The primary purpose is to monitor the health of animals regularly. Consequently, animal welfare and product quality could be improved, leading to an improvement in profit. Cow behavior recognition system was considered as the right solution for cow monitoring. The requirements for this kind of system are economical, high performance, and real-time.
Objective: The research objective is to design a real-time cow monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks and the K-means clustering algorithm.
Methodology: A wireless sensor node was designed to measure the collar-mounted acceleration data using an accelerometer. Firstly, the collected data were classified into three classes based on the VeDBA (Vector of Dynamic Body Acceleration) feature using the K-means algorithm. Then, the thresholds for VeDBA in the previous step were used to classify new data.
Results: Three behaviors (including feeding, lying, and standing) were classified in real-time with the accuracy of classification about 89%.

Conclusion: The proposed system could be adapted in monitoring cow in real-time, the behavior classification could be implemented on the microcontroller. The results confirmed the reliability of the proposed system.
Originality: The behavior classification could be implemented on the microcontroller for the first time in monitoring cow.
Limitations: Only three behaviors were classified in the experiment.
C-REAKTİF PROTEİN/ALBUMİN ORANININ İLEUS TİPİNİ VE PROGNOZU BELİRLEMEDEKİ YERİ
Authors: ÇEKMEN Bora , KOLCU Giray 
Published: February 2022

Amaç
Son zamanlarda, sistemik inflamasyon ve beslenme
durumu için bu belirteçlerin bir kombinasyonu olan
CRP/albümin oranı, enfeksiyon, malignite ve diğer
hastalıkları olan hastalarda bağımsız bir prognostik
belirteç olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışmamızda, ileus tanısı
ile hastaneye yatan hastalarda başvuru anındaki
CRP-albumin oranının ileus nedenini ve prognozu
tahmin etmedeki etkinliğini araştırmayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Çalışmaya acil servise başvuran ve sonrasında ileus
tanısı alan 18 yaş üstü hastalar alınmıştır. Hastaların
demografik özellikleri, laboratuvar parametreleri, cerrahi
müdahale geçirip geçirmedikleri, yatış süreleri
ve hastane içi mortaliteleri belirlenmiştir. Etiyolojisine
göre paralitik veya mekanik olarak ayrılmıştır. CRP/
albümin oranı (CAR) hesaplanmış, CAR’ın ileus nedeni
ve mortaliteyi tahmin etmedeki etkisi araştırılmıştır.
Bulgular
Toplam 116 hasta araştırıldı. Hastaların 72 (%62,1)’si
erkek, yaş ortalaması 65,12’di. 81 (%69,8)’inde mekanik
ileus saptandı. İleus tiplerine göre mekanik ileus
hastalarının %66,7’si medikal tedavi alırken, paralitik
ileusta%97,1’i medikal tedavi aldığı saptandı. Paralitik
ileus hastalarında tedavi tercihi daha fazla orandı medikaldi
(p
Post-traumatic stress and associated factors among healthcare workers in the early stage following the 2020 Malatya-Elazığ earthquake
Authors: CANSEL Neslihan , UCUZ İlknur 
Published: February 2022

Objective: An earthquake is a natural disaster that seriously affects individuals physically and psychologically. Although there has been a great deal of research on the psychological effects of earthquakes, few have focused on local health workers and its early effects. In this study, it is aimed to determine the levels and predictors of early post-earthquake trauma of the local health workers working in the affected area in the earthquake that occurred on January 24, 2020, Malatya-Elazig.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 201 healthcare workers after three weeks from of the earthquake. In order to determine the factors that may affect the trauma response in the participants, a questionnaire was applied to question demographic variables, previous traumatic experiences, concerns and losses at the time of the earthquake, and institutional and social expectations. Post-Earthquake Trauma Level Determining Scale was used to record post-earthquake trauma levels, and TEMPS-A was used to determine dominant temperament characteristics.
Results: Severe trauma level was detected in 25.8% of the participants. Trauma scores were higher in women, those who were married, those who had children, those who experienced the earthquake for the first time and those who had anxiety about losing their own life or their relative's life during the earthquake. In the logistic regression analysis, it was determined that anxious temperament and fear of losing a loved one during an earthquake increased the severity of the trauma, whereas a previous earthquake history decreased it.
Conclusions: Detection of the factors associated with the trauma response is important both in terms of protecting the mental health of health workers and ensuring the continuity of health services in disasters such as earthquakes that affect millions of people.