bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Could Expanding and Investing in First-Episode Psychosis Services Prevent Aggressive Behaviour and Violent Crime?
Authors: Hodgins Sheilagh 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveSome persons developing, or presenting, schizophrenia engage in aggressive behaviour (AB) and/or criminal offending. Most of these individuals display AB prior to a first episode of psychosis (FEP). In fact, approximately one-third of FEP patients have a history of AB, some additionally display other antisocial behaviours (A+AB). The large majority of these individuals have presented conduct problems since childhood, benefit from clozapine, have extensive treatment needs, and are unlikely to comply with treatment. A smaller sub-group begin to engage in AB as illness onsets. A+AB persists, often for many years in spite of treatment-as-usual, until a victim is seriously harmed. This article proposes providing multi-component treatment programs at FEP in order to prevent aggressive and antisocial behaviours of persons with schizophrenia.MethodNon-systematic reviews of epidemiological studies of AB among persons with schizophrenia, of the defining characteristics of sub-types of persons with schizophrenia who engage in AB and their responses to treatment, and of FEP service outcomes.ResultsStudies have shown that mental health services that simultaneously target schizophrenia and aggressive behaviour are most effective both in reducing psychotic symptoms and aggressive behaviour. Evidence, although not abundant, suggests that a multi-component treatment program that would include the components recommended to treat schizophrenia and cognitive-behavioural interventions to reduce A+AB, and the other factors promoting A+AB such as substance misuse, victimisation, and poor recognition of emotions in the faces of others has the potential to effectively treat schizophrenia and reduce A+AB. Patients with a recent onset of AB would require few components of treatment, while those with prior conduct disorder would require all. Such a program of treatment would be long and intense.ConclusionsTrials are needed to test the effectiveness of multi-component treatment programs targeting schizophrenia and A+AB at FEP. Studies are also necessary to determine whether providing such programs in hospitals and/or prisons, with long-term community after-care, and in some cases with court orders to participate in treatment, would enhance effectiveness. Whether investing at FEP would be cost-effective requires investigation.
Clinical Efficacy of Different Thoracoscopic Surgeries for Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Tao , Liu Xi , Chen Lei , Liang Tao , Ning Xiaokuang 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the clinical efficacy of different thoracoscopic procedures in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and their correlation with matrix metalloproteinase-7 mRNA (MMPs-7 mRNA) and soluble major histocompatibility complex class I molecule A (sMICA), as well as their effect on T-cell subsets.MethodsA total of 100 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who received different thoracoscopic surgeries were divided into the Control group (three-port thoracoscopic surgery) and the study group (single-port thoracoscopic surgery). The two groups were evaluated to compare the perioperative indicators, MMPs-7 mRNA, sMICA expression levels, T-cell subsets, postoperative pain, complication rates, and prognostic outcomes at 1-year follow-up.ResultsThe operation time, blood loss, drainage tube placement time, incision length, and hospital stay in the study group were less than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of lymph node dissections between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05). After 3 days, the expression levels of MMPs-7 mRNA and sMICA in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05); CD4 +, CD8 +, and CD4 +/CD8 + in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). On days 1, 3, and 5, the visual analog score (VAS) of the study group was lower than that of the control group (P &lt; 0.05); there was no significant difference in the complication rate between the two follow-up groups (P &gt; 0.05), in which all patients completed the follow-up. After 1 year of follow-up, there was no significant difference in the tumor-free survival rate and overall survival rate between the two groups (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionCompared with three-port thoracoscopic surgery, single-port thoracoscopic surgery can improve perioperative expression, shorten hospital stay, reduce serum tumor micrometastasis levels, improve immune metastasis mechanisms and reduce pain, which is of great significance to patients with non-small cell lung cancer. It is an effective, convenient, and safe surgical option that deserves wide clinical reference.
Sosialisasi Pencegahan Banjir Melalui Program Sadar Lingkungan di Kelurahan Sei Mati Kecamatan Medan Labuhan
Authors: Adriani Dhita 
Published: February 2022

Bencana alam banjir merupakan sebuah peristiwa yang bencana yang dapat terjadi kapan saja dan tidak dapat di prediksi. Beberapa faktor menjadipenyebab munculnya bencana banjir salah satunya adalah intensitas hujan yang tinggi maupun faktor kelalaian manusia yang tidak sadar akan kebersihan lingkungan , sehingga menyebabkan penyumbatan sampah yang dapat memperburuk resiko terjadinya banjir. Kelurahan Sei mati kecamatan Medan Labuhan merupakan daerah langganan banjir. Seperti yang kita ketahui bencana tidak dapat kita prediksi akan tetapi dapat kita cegah melaluikesadaran lingkungan oleh masyarakat itu sendiri. Melalui pemerintah setempat kecamatan medan labuhan, khususnya kelurahan sei mati baru baru ini dilanda banjir dan banyak menimbulkan kerugian diantaranya adalah banyaknya korban jiwa, kerukasan lingkungan yang terjadi akibat banjir, kerugian harta benda dan lain sebaginya. Oleh karena itu Kegiatan pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini bertujuan untuk memberikan sosialisasi pencegahan banjir melalui program sadar lingkungan di kelurahan Sei Mati Kecamatan Medan Labuan. Kegiatan ini meliputi (1) observasi; (2) sosialisasi;. Kegiatan ini bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat untuk menjaga lingkungan sekitar agar terhindar dari bencana banjir.
Les vestiges soviétiques dans le discours politique russe contemporain
Authors: Kossov Valery 
Published: February 2022

Surviving traces of Sovietism in contemporary Russian political discourse
Elements of contemporary Russian political discourse which take us back to the Soviet era, purposely so or not, will be examined. As a matter of fact, in their various addresses, politicians make more and more deliberate allusions to the past. However, the form which these discursive constructs take seems to us even more interesting. In the twenty years following the breakup of the Soviet Empire, political discourse has undergone undeniable change, at its linguistic level as well as in its role as ideology and means of communication. Despite Russian political leaders’ efforts to appear modern and innovative, studying the connections between current discourse and the past has however kept all of its relevance. This article seeks to delineate points of convergence between today’s Russian political discourse and that of the soviet era. are these points of convergence solely linguistic (i. e. pertaining to vocabulary, metaphoric patterns, etc.) or do they reveal common strategies of communication in speech design ? Indeed, the comparative study of common discursive elements will eventually allow us to frame conclusions on their role in the conception of a new ideology for the Russian state.
L’influence du Livre de la nourriture bonne et saine [Kniga o vkusnoj i zdorovoj pišče] sur les traditions culinaires, la restauration publique, la publicité, le design, l’art contemporain (et de multiples autres choses)
Authors: Метелица Катя 
Published: February 2022

The “ great” tradition of Russian cuisine
The Book of Tasty and Healthy Food is both an artifact and a symbol of Great style towering as high as Stalinian skyscrapers. Just as the Stalinian skyscraper is not a mere building, The Book of Tasty and Healthy Food is not a mere book of recipes– both are emanations of soviet ideology. Stalin’s famous formula, “ we begin to live better, we begin to live happier !” may constitute its epigraph. the book has sold millions of copies and is still being edited. a copy of it will be found in almost every household. It is probably more popular than the bible. This article aims to locate the influence of this work on current culinary traditions, on cook books, advertisement, and contemporary art, in their funniest, most idiosyncratic, beautiful or hideous manifestations.
Les mots du pouvoir et de l’intime dans Leningrad assiégé
Authors: Gruszka Sarah 
Published: February 2022

Words from Above, Words from Within. Propaganda as Seen by the Diarists during the Siege of Leningrad.
The siege of Leningrad, one of the most horrific episodes of the “ Great Patriotic War”, is a useful place to study Soviet wartime propaganda and its reception by Soviet citizens themselves. how, for example, did the besieged and starving Leningraders react to the news broadcast by the media ? How did they perceive the contrast between the optimistic communiqués full of heroism and the awful reality with which they were confronted on a daily basis ? The many personal diaries written during those years reveal how they perceived the situation. the reactions range from, scepticism and sarcasm to anger and indignation. It emerges that not only were most Leningraders fully aware of the goals of the Soviet propaganda machine, but they also were able to see through official discourse and construct their own alternative version of events.
Les Y.M.C.A. entre protestantisme non-conformiste et constitution d’une structure sociale : les débuts du transfert d’un modèle d’organisation dans l’empire russe (fin du XIXe s.-début du XXe s.)
Authors: Pashkeeva Natalia 
Published: February 2022

The “ Russian Work” of the Anglo-American Young Men’s Christian Associations (Y.M.C.A.) in St. Petersburg at the end of the 19th Century and during the First Decade of the 20th Century.
The “ Russian Work” of the Anglo-American young Men’s Christian Associations (Y.M.C.A.) evolved in St. Petersburg at the end of the 19th century and during the first decade of the 20th century In our article, we discuss the way this organisation functioned, what motivated it, and how its leading figures, both Russian and American, perceived its role. our principal purpose is to summarise the main points of our PhD research on this topic. We consider, for example, the transformation of the Y.M.C.A. from a primarily religious organisation into an institution whose role was the transfer of political, social and intellectual values, as well as spiritual ones. We also consider how it used religious discourse to further essentially geopolitical goals.
Les années terribles - Лихие годы
Authors: Jobert Véronique 
Published: February 2022

Back to the 1990s.
The ‘dire years’, as the 1990s are generally called in Russia , deserve to be better designated. A quarter of a century later , this autumn in Moscow, two events took place which provided this opportunity : Yury Afanasyev’s death in September and, a few days later, a festival organized in the Muzeon park. As a matter of fact , during those years, Russia benefitted from a degree of freedom of speech never known before in the country. This occurred thanks to a new law regarding freedom of the press, published in August 1990. One should never forget that.
Application of SiGe layer for reinforcing conductivity modulation in trench insulated gate bipolar transistor
Authors: Yoon Tae Young , Kim Jang Hyun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, an investigation for inserting a SiGe layer in an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) has been performed to analyze the relation between on-state property and breakdown voltage (BV) with the help of technology computer-aided design simulation. For a carrier storage (CS) IGBT, which is widely studied for enhancing conductivity modulation by increasing hole density, the BV decreases by increased conductivity in the CS layer. However, by using the SiGe layer instead of the CS layer, the on-state property is improved with lower BV reduction than a CS IGBT due to the absence of impurity doping. Finally, an optimization for a Ge mole fraction is performed. Based on the results, it is found that the SiGe with 0.3 mole fraction shows the best performance because over 0.3 Ge mole fraction, the excessive energy band bending induced by over-accumulated holes makes low carrier velocity in the n-drift layer.
The Contribution of Professional Competence in Social Services Development: a Systemic Perspective
Authors: Castro Maria Pia 
Published: February 2022

Since some decades professionalism is profoundly changed and traditional approaches have now become insufficient to understand its developments, as mono-dimensional. During the 20th century many professions have been employed within organizational contexts, causing a bureaucratization and standardization of many professional activities. Organizations have become one of the main places in which professional practices take place and professionalism can no longer be considered a «third logic», different from market and bureaucracy (Freidson 2001). Pervasiveness of organizations in professional sphere has also led to the conceptualization of a new kind of «occupational professionalism» (Evetts 2006, 2011, 2014).
The paper proposes a systemic perspective to the professions analysis within the organizational contexts, according to which the professional competence plays a pivotal role. The study focuses on social field and particularly on local systems of measures against poverty, providing the findings of a case-study conducted in Italy. Professional competences assumes a key role, as their exercise is currently affecting the redefinition of contents and strategies of social interventions, in the delicate balance between the consolidated settings (locally developed in heterogeneous way) and the orientation towards the administrative re-centralization at national level, within a common community framework.
PENERAPAN BLENDED LEARNING BERBANTUAN E-WORKSHEET UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VIII.1 SMP WIDIATMIKA
Authors: Payadnya I Putu Ade Andre , Ni Luh Putu Kartika Wira Lestari  
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika dengan materi pokok Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel melalui penerapan pembelajaran blended learning berbantuan e-worksheet. Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran matematika saat ini, ditemukan masalah seperti siswa merasa bosan dan kesulitan dalam memahami materi karena dalam proses pembelajaran tidak menggunakan model yang bervariasi. Melalui penerapan blended learning berbantuan e-worksheet, siswa memiliki keleluasaan untuk mempelajari materi dengan memanfaatkan bahan ajar yang tersimpan secara online. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri atas empat tahap, yaitu tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan evaluasi, serta refleksi. Dalam satu siklus dilaksanakan selama 3 kali pertemuan, yaitu 2 pertemuan untuk pelaksanaan tindakan dan 1 pertemuan untuk melakukan tes akhir siklus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 25 orang siswa kelas VIII.1 SMP Widiatmika pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2020/2021. Data prestasi belajar matematika siswa dikumpulkan dengan tes pilihan ganda (objektif). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, hasil yang dicapai pada setiap siklus mengalami peningkatan. Pada siklus I persentase ketuntasan siswa dalam mencapai KKM 65 adalah 60% dengan rata-rata kelas 67,76. Pada siklus II persentase ketuntasan siswa dalam mencapai KKM 65 adalah 80% dengan rata-rata kelas 76. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Blended Learning berbantuan e-worksheet dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika siswa
Daun Waru Sebagai Bahan Dasar Pembuatan Detergen Ramah Lingkungan
Authors: Azfi Tien Faizah 
Published: February 2022

Pada saat ini, tersedia berbagai nama dari detergen yang digunakan masyarakat sebagai bahan pembantu dalam mencuci pakaian tanpa memperdulikan akibat dari penggunaan, baik terhadap lingkungan maupun pengguna detergen itu sendiri. Daun waru (Hibiscus Tiliance L) yang memiliki kandungan busa (saponin) yang berfungsi sebagai bahan pencuci yang memiliki sifat seperti sabun dan bertindak sebagai surfaktan sebagai bahan dasar dari pembuatan detergen ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatf dengan populasi dan sampel daun waru. Sampel penelitian diambil secara acak atau random pada populasi yang telah ditetapkan. Teknik pengambilan data melalui metode eksperimen. Variabel penelitian terdiri atas variable bebas (X) yaitu daun waru dan variable terikat (Y) yaitu detergen ramah lingkungan. Hasil eksperimen membuktikan bahwa daun waru dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan dasar dari pembuatan detergen ramah lingkungan sebagai alternatif potensial untuk dikembangkan yang aman dan ramah lingkungan serta sebagai upaya mengurangi daya rusak air akibat penggunaan detergen sintetik yang dapat merusak kualitas air dan lingkungan. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menyempurnakan hasil eksperimen ini.
Kesulitan Memahami Konseptual Dan Prosedural Kesetimbangan Kimia Pada Siswa SMA Di Kota Palangka Raya
Authors: Seliwati Seliwati 
Published: February 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kesulitan siswa kelas XI MIPA SMA Negeri dan Swasta di Kota Palangka Raya dalam memahami konseptual dan prosedural kesetimbangan kimia Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. Ilmu kimia memiliki beberapa karakteristik yang khas, antara lain : 1) sebagian besar materi kimia bersifat abstrak yaitu konsep yang termasuk dalam tataran mikroskopis ; 2) ilmu kimia merupakan penyederhanaan dari yang sebenarnya; 3) materi kimia tidak hanya sekedar memecahkan soal-soal secara matematis melainkan harus mempelajari deskripsi kimia, peristilahan khusus dan aturan-aturan kimia. Karakteristik ini dapat dikelompokkan menjadi dua, yaitu matematis dan non matematis. Pengetahuan matematis dapat dijelaskan dengan rumus dan perhitungan kimia yang terletak pada level pengetahuan prosedural dan pengetahuan non matematis dapat dijelaskan dengan menggunakan level pengetahuan konseptual. Konsep kesetimbangan kimia tergolong sulit untuk dipelajari. Kesulitan tersebut terutama disebabkan konsep kesetimbangan kimia yang merupakan penjelasan dari keadaan mikroskopis dan konsep yang berkembang seara berurutan. Konsep kimia yang merupakan konsep abstrak akan dapat dipahami oleh siswa apabila siswa mampu menciptakan gambaran batin yang benar. Siswa diharapkan memahami pengetahuan konseptual dan prosedural tersebut. Hasil tes siswa tentang pemahaman konseptual dan prosedural kesetimbangan kimia diharapkan mencapai ketuntasan 100 %.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Kimia Bahan Makanan Berbasis Web
Authors: Asi Nopriawan Berkat 
Published: February 2022

Kimia bahan makanan adalah salah satu mata kuliah pilihan di Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya. Pengembangan bahan ajar kimia bahan makanan berbasis web sebagai upaya memanfaatkan fasilitas komputer dan internet yang tersedia. Salah satu kelebihan bahan ajar berbasis web adalah memberi kemudahan bagi mahasiswa mengakses kembali bahan ajar setelah pembelajaran di kelas. Pemanfaatan teknologi komputer dan internet sebagai media pengembangan bahan ajar berbasis web di Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya diharapkan dapat meningktakan kualitas pembelajaran. Bagi dosen dan mahasiswa dapat memberikan kemudahan dalam pengarsipan bahan ajar, kemudahan akses membuka arsip bahan ajar, kemudahan dalam melakukan perbaikan bahan ajar dan kemudahan dalam pembaharuan bahan ajar. Metode pengembangan bahan ajar kimia bahan makanan berbasis web yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan pendidikan (Educational Research and Development) yang disingkat dengan R&D. Gall et al. (2003) menyatakan R&D adalah suatu proses yang digunakan untuk mengembangkan dan memvalidasi produk-produk pendidikan. Pengembangan ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan model 3D, yaitu Define, Design, dan Develop, modifikasi model 4D Thiagarajan. Pada penelitian dilakukan uji coba skala terbatas. Bahan ajar kimia bahan makanan berbasis web berupa website pembelajaran dengan alamat www.kimia-kesehatan.blogspot.co.id layak digunakan sebagai media bahan ajar di Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Penjas Di SDN-4 Kota Palangka Raya
Authors: Cukei Cukei , Mulya Chandra Audina , Raksa Jaka 
Published: February 2022

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah para guru di sekolah dasar perlu mendapat bekal pengetahuan, khusus agar dalam menangani anak didiknya yang selalu berpegang pada nilai - nilai ilmu pengetahuan yang berhubungan dengan pemecahan masalah dalam kegiatan pembelajaran Penjas, guru sebagai komponen utama dalam proses belajar mengajar sangat menentukan untuk tercapainya tujuan belajar yang diinginkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah ingin menetahui pelaksanaan pembelajaran Penjas SDN-4 Kota Palangka Raya. Untuk memperoleh kebenaran tujuan dalam penelitian ini diperlakukan metode yang tepat, mengingat penelitian ini tidak berhipotesis, serta hanya mengungkapkan apa adanya tentang sesuatu variabel, maka jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, subjek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah SDN-4 Kota Palangka Raya. Instrumen penelitian yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah disesuaikan dengan tujuan penelitian, dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi terhadap responden penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ditempat penelitian ini telah di implementasikan dan diatasi tentang pelaksanaan pembelajaran Penjas yaitu perencanaan, organisasi, pengelolaan pembelajaran penjas, perangkat dan pendekatan pembelajaran Penjas, kendala yang dihadapi dan solusi dalam mengatasi sumber belajar dan penilaian pembelajaran penjas, di SDN-4 Kota Palangka Raya.
Sufficient reliability of the behavioral and computational readouts of a probabilistic reversal learning task
Authors: Waltmann Maria , Schlagenhauf Florian , Deserno Lorenz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTask-based measures that capture neurocognitive processes can help bridge the gap between brain and behavior. To transfer tasks to clinical application, reliability is a crucial benchmark because it imposes an upper bound to potential correlations with other variables (e.g., symptom or brain data). However, the reliability of many task readouts is low. In this study, we scrutinized the retest reliability of a probabilistic reversal learning task (PRLT) that is frequently used to characterize cognitive flexibility in psychiatric populations. We analyzed data from N = 40 healthy subjects, who completed the PRLT twice. We focused on how individual metrics are derived, i.e., whether data were partially pooled across participants and whether priors were used to inform estimates. We compared the reliability of the resulting indices across sessions, as well as the internal consistency of a selection of indices. We found good to excellent reliability for behavioral indices as derived from mixed-effects models that included data from both sessions. The internal consistency was good to excellent. For indices derived from computational modeling, we found excellent reliability when using hierarchical estimation with empirical priors and including data from both sessions. Our results indicate that the PRLT is well equipped to measure individual differences in cognitive flexibility in reinforcement learning. However, this depends heavily on hierarchical modeling of the longitudinal data (whether sessions are modeled separately or jointly), on estimation methods, and on the combination of parameters included in computational models. We discuss implications for the applicability of PRLT indices in psychiatric research and as diagnostic tools.