bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of role conflicts and self‐efficacy on academic performance of graduate‐entry healthcare students: A lagged study
Authors: O'Connor Anne , McCarthy Gemma , O'Shea Deirdre 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGraduate entry healthcare students experience many challenges during their academic journey. The impact of these challenges needs to be considered to support students through their training and education. In this study, we examined the impact of experiencing these role conflicts (at the outset of the academic year), for example, family and caring responsibilities, activities with family/friends, and daily tasks/chores, on the academic performance (at the end of the academic year) of graduate‐entry healthcare students. We also investigated the potential of students' self‐efficacy for learning to mitigate the extent to which such role conflicts impact academic performance. Findings demonstrate that the more graduate entry healthcare students experienced conflicts between their life responsibilities and their academic responsibilities, the worse their academic performance was across the year. This negative relationship was somewhat mitigated by high self‐efficacy for learning. The practical implications of our research suggest the need to provide specific mitigation strategies to support healthcare students regarding conflicts between their life/family responsibilities and their academic work.
Moral distress: Does this impact on intent to stay among adult critical care nurses?
Authors: Witton Nicola , Goldsworthy Sandra , Phillips Leah Adeline 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundMoral distress is recognized as an international problem that contributes to decreased work productivity, job dissatisfaction and intent to leave for adult Critical Care nurses.AimTo explore Critical Care nurses moral distress levels using the Moral Distress Scale Revised (MDS‐R) and its relationship with intention to stay. The study reported in this paper was part of a larger study that also investigated Critical Care nurses' work environment in Canada and the Midlands region of the UK.Study designDuring January to August 2017 a cross‐sectional survey was distributed to adult Critical Care nurses in the Midlands region of the UK.MethodsSurveys were distributed to adult Critical Care Registered Nurses in the Midlands region of the UK examining moral distress levels and intention to stay in Critical Care, the organization (NHS Trust) and in the nursing profession.ResultsTwo hundred sixty‐six number of a potential sample of 1066 Critical Care nurses completed the survey (25% response rate). Age and moral distress were significantly positively correlated with intention to stay on their current unit (r = 0.16, P = .05), indicating older nurses were more likely to stay in the critical care unit. Moral distress was negatively correlated with intent to stay scores, showing critical care nurses with higher levels of moral distress were less likely to stay on their unit (r = −0.20, P = .02). Moral distress was also significantly negatively correlated with intention to stay with their current employer (r = −0.28, P < .001). Nurses that stated they had high rates of moral distress were more likely to consider leaving their current employer.ConclusionMoral distress appears to be an issue among adult Critical Care nurses requiring further exploration and development of effective strategies to reduce this phenomenon and stabilize the workforce by reducing turnover.Relevance to clinical practiceBy identifying the top causes of moral distress, tools and strategies can be developed to allow the Critical Care nurse to work within an ethically safe clinical environment and reduce the turnover of experienced adult Critical Care nurses.
Embracing mountain microbiome and ecosystem functions under global change
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Hu Ang , Meng Fanfan , Zhao Wenqian , Yang Yunfeng , Soininen Janne , Shen Ji , Zhou Jizhong 
Published: February 2022

SummaryMountains are pivotal to maintaining habitat heterogeneity, global biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services to humans. They have provided classic model natural systems for plant and animal diversity gradient studies for over 250 years. In the recent decade, the exploration of microorganisms on mountainsides has also achieved substantial progress. Here, we review the literature on microbial diversity across taxonomic groups and ecosystem types on global mountains. Microbial community shows climatic zonation with orderly successions along elevational gradients, which are largely consistent with traditional climatic hypotheses. However, elevational patterns are complicated for species richness without general rules in terrestrial and aquatic environments and are driven mainly by deterministic processes caused by abiotic and biotic factors. We see a major shift from documenting patterns of biodiversity towards identifying the mechanisms that shape microbial biogeographical patterns and how these patterns vary under global change by the inclusion of novel ecological theories, frameworks and approaches. We thus propose key questions and cutting‐edge perspectives to advance future research in mountain microbial biogeography by focusing on biodiversity hypotheses, incorporating meta‐ecosystem framework and novel key drivers, adapting recently developed approaches in trait‐based ecology and manipulative field experiments, disentangling biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships and finally modelling and predicting their global change responses.
Evidence for a robust photosystem II in the photosynthetic amoeba Paulinella
Authors: Gabr Arwa , Zournas Apostolos , Stephens Timothy G. , Dismukes G. Charles , Bhattacharya Debashish 
Published: February 2022

Summary

Paulinella represents the only known case of an independent primary plastid endosymbiosis, outside Archaeplastida, that occurred c. 120 (million years ago) Ma. These photoautotrophs grow very slowly in replete culture medium with a doubling time of 6–7 d at optimal low light, and are highly sensitive to photodamage under moderate light levels.

We used genomic and biophysical methods to investigate the extreme slow growth rate and light sensitivity of Paulinella, which are key to photosymbiont integration.

All photosystem II (PSII) genes except psb28‐2 and all cytochrome b6f complex genes except petM and petL are present in Paulinella micropora KR01 (hereafter, KR01). Biophysical measurements of the water oxidation complex, variable chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthesis‐irradiance curves show no obvious evidence of PSII impairment. Analysis of photoacclimation under high‐light suggests that although KR01 can perform charge separation, it lacks photoprotection mechanisms present in cyanobacteria.

We hypothesize that Paulinella species are restricted to low light environments because they are deficient in mitigating the formation of reactive oxygen species formed within the photosystems under peak solar intensities. The finding that many photoprotection genes have been lost or transferred to the host‐genome during endosymbiont genome reduction, and may lack light‐regulation, is consistent with this hypothesis.
Mediating factors of statistics anxiety in university students: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Trassi Angélica P. , Leonard Sophie J. , Rodrigues Larissa D. , Rodas Jose A. , Santos Flávia H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStatistics plays a key role in many areas of modern society, including technology, social and behavior studies, economics, and the sciences. Statistics anxiety (SA) has a detrimental impact on academic experiences in university populations, although the mediating factors remain underexplored. We conducted the first systematic review and meta‐analysis focused on SA in university students in the context of statistical performance, individual differences in statistical learning, self‐perceptions regarding the statistics course and instructor, and sociodemographic factors. Searches were carried out in the PsycINFO, PubMed, Scielo, and Web of Science databases according to our preregistration. Forty studies were selected for systematic review. Seventeen were included in a series of six meta‐analyses concerning academic achievement, attitudes, self‐perception, procrastination, and gender. The findings reveal learning strategies, procrastination, self‐efficacy, and self‐awareness as predictors of SA. However, the impact of sociodemographic data in these moderators is still uncharted. We conclude with a critical appraisal of the selected studies and present future directions for research in SA.
Pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation to understand diamorphine dose‐response in neonates, children, and adolescents
Authors: Morse James D. , Anderson Brian J. , Gastine Silke , Wong Ian C. K. , Standing Joseph F. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation can facilitate understanding and prediction of exposure‐response relationships in children with acute or chronic pain. The pharmacokinetics of diamorphine (diacetylmorphine, heroin), a strong opioid, remain poorly quantified in children and dose is often guided by clinical acumen. This tutorial demonstrates how a model to describe intranasal and intravenous diamorphine pharmacokinetics can be fashioned from a model for diamorphine disposition in adults and a model describing morphine disposition in children. Allometric scaling and maturation models were applied to clearances and volumes to account for differences in size and age between children and adults. The utility of modeling and simulation to gain insight into the analgesic exposure‐response relationship is demonstrated. The model explains reported observations, can be used for interrogation, interpolated to determine equianalgesia and inform future clinical studies. Simulation was used to illustrate how diamorphine is rapidly metabolized to morphine via its active metabolite 6‐monoacetylmorphine, which mediates an early dopaminergic response accountable for early euphoria. Morphine formation is then responsible for the slower, prolonged analgesic response. Time‐concentration profiles of diamorphine and its metabolites reflected disposition changes with age and were used to describe intravenous and intranasal dosing regimens. These indicated that morphine exposure in children after intranasal diamorphine 0.1 mg.kg−1 was similar to that after intranasal diamorphine 5 mg in adults. A target concentration of morphine 30 μg.L−1 can be achieved by a diamorphine intravenous infusion in neonates 14 μg.kg−1.h−1, in a 5‐year‐old child 42 μg.kg−1.h−1 and in an 15 year‐old‐adolescent 33 μg.kg−1.h−1.
High inoculum of Monilinia fructicola is a threat to peach production in the tropics due to fruit susceptibility at all development stages
Authors: Thomazi‐Kleina Heloisa , Nesi Cristiano Nunes , Amorim Lilian , May De Mio Louise Larissa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBrown rot is the main disease of stone fruits in Brazil, but the susceptibility of peaches to brown rot at different stages of development in the field has not been studied under subtropical conditions. This information is relevant to guide the management of the disease. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of inoculating peaches with Monilinia fructicola at different stages of development on the infection and progress of brown rot at postharvest. Two experiments were carried out: one ex vivo with two cultivars and the other in the field for two seasons. Peaches were inoculated at different sizes for both experiments. In the field, peaches were bagged to avoid natural infection, and M. fructicola inoculum was monitored. The ex vivo incidence of the disease was lower at pit hardening than at other fruit stages for both cultivars. The incidence of brown rot for peaches attached to the trees increased with fruit ripening. Conversely, the time for symptom expression was reduced according to peach diameter. Peaches inoculated with a diameter smaller than 2 cm showed a lower incidence of brown rot and longer periods for disease expression than fruit inoculated near harvest. In conclusion, in areas with high inoculum in the orchard, a common condition in the subtropics, the grower must prevent infection at all stages of fruit development, thus avoiding losses during marketing.
Linking bifurcation analysis of Holling–Tanner model with generalist predator to a changing environment
Authors: Xiang Chuang , Huang Jicai , Wang Hao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBifurcation theory has been highly popular in the analysis of mathematical models. However, stability and bifurcation analyses are only for asymptotic dynamics while applied scientists care more about transient dynamics. In this paper, we first rigorously analyze Holling–Tanner model with generalist predators who have alternative food sources, and then discuss transient dynamics via a changing environment. For a constant environment, we provide a complete bifurcation analysis with high codimension. It is shown that the highest codimension of a nilpotent cusp is 3, and the model can undergo degenerate Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation of codimension 3. Moreover, by using resultant elimination to solve the semialgebraic varieties of Lyapunov coefficients, we show that a center‐type equilibrium is a weak focus with order at most 2, and the model can exhibit Hopf bifurcation of codimension 2. Our results indicate that generalist predators can cause not only richer dynamics and bifurcations, but also the extinction of prey for some positive initial densities. Numerical simulations, including the coexistence of a limit cycle and a homoclinic cycle, tristability, two limit cycles, are presented to illustrate the theoretical results. In a changing environment, the populations start along one stable state but can track unstable states or oscillations when the system crosses a bifurcation point, and then tend to another stable state or oscillations. This tracking on transient dynamics predicts regime shifts under environmental changes. When environmental conditions vary, the populations can track unstable states in the constant environment. The rate of environmental change determines how long the system tracks an unstable state although finally the solution under environmental change is attracted to a stable steady state or limit cycle. Finally, we focus on a periodic environment and find that the populations converge to a periodic solution or an invariant torus depending on both the initial environmental capacity and the amplitude of periodic fluctuation.
Efficacy of packed red blood cell transfusions based on weight versus formula in thalassemic children: An open‐label randomized control trial
Authors: Kaur Mehakdeep , Kaur Ravneet , Sood Tanvi , Jindal Geetanjali , Kaur Paramjit , Mittal Kshitija 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundProtocols for transfusion therapy in transfusion‐dependent thalassemia (TDT) children differ among various medical centers. In India, most centers consider only the patient's weight while calculating the volume of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) to be transfused. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of PRBC transfusions of different volumes calculated either by weight or by a formula using weight and pretransfusion hemoglobin of patient and hematocrit of PRBC.Study Design and MethodsSixty TDT patients in the age group of 3–9 years were enrolled and randomly allocated to two groups. Group A received PRBC transfusion volume based on the patient's weight, and Group B received PRBC volume calculated using a formula for 6 months.ResultsAverage pretransfusion hemoglobin in Group A and Group B (9 ± 0.4 vs. 8.9 ± 0.4 g/dl) was not significantly different (p = .353). Although the average number of visits in 6 months was less for Group A compared to Group B (7 ± 1 vs. 8 ± 1; p = .001); the average volume transfused per visit was more (351 ± 78 vs. 287 ± 68 ml; p = .003). The calculated average annual pure red cell requirement of the patients was 178 ml/kg/year for Group A and 154 ml/kg/year for Group B (p = .000). Total donor exposures were significantly lower in Group B than Group A (11 ± 3 vs. 14 ± 3; p = .006).ConclusionThe number of donor exposures and annual pure red cell requirement was significantly lower in the formula‐based group. Transfusions based on formula are recommended in TDT patients.
SHĪʿĪ READINGS OF HUMAN EVOLUTION: ṬABĀṬABĀʾĪ TO ḤAYDARĪ
Authors: Kocsenda Karim Gabor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWithin the context of Islamic discourse about evolution, this is the first study that focuses exclusively on the views of Kamāl al‐Ḥaydarī (b. 1957), a prominent Shīʿī thinker of the contemporary period. Ḥaydarī develops his views from Muḥammad Ḥusayn al‐Ṭabāṭabāʾī (1904–1981), the author of the seminal exegesis The Balance in Interpreting the Qurʾān (Al‐Mīzān fī Tafsīr al‐Qurʾān). Ṭabāṭabāʾī is very hesitant about accepting whether the Qurʾān can be read to indicate evolution and ultimately refuses it because of a lack of scientific evidence in his eyes. However, Ḥaydarī challenges the hesitation in Ṭabāṭabāʾī’s hermeneutics while nonetheless agreeing with him on the lack of hard scientific proof for macroevolution. Instead, Ḥaydarī proposes a novel, theological reading of evolution understood in a nonscientific sense. The article examines Ḥaydarī’s views on evolution, his creationist conclusions, his suggestion of multiple “Adams” in human and Prophetic origins, and his attempt to link evolution of consciousness with the Shīʿī belief in the Parousia of the Mahdī. His unique reading of scripture marks him as being radically different to any of the currently available opinions in the discourse of Islam and evolution.
Directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure–flow relationship in young healthy individuals trained in endurance and resistance exercise
Authors: Roy Marc‐Antoine , Labrecque Lawrence , Perry Blake G. , Korad Stephanie , Smirl Jonathan D. , Brassard Patrice 
Published: February 2022

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Does habitual exercise modality affect the directionality of the cerebral pressure–flow relationship?

What is the main finding and its importance?
These data suggest the hysteresis‐like pattern of dynamic cerebral autoregulation appears present in long‐term sedentary and endurance‐trained individuals, but absent in resistance‐trained individuals. This is the first study to expand knowledge on the directional sensitivity of the cerebral pressure–flow relationship to trained populations.

AbstractEvidence suggests the cerebrovasculature may be more efficient at dampening cerebral blood flow (CBF) variations when mean arterial pressure (MAP) transiently increases, compared to when it decreases. Despite divergent MAP and CBF responses to acute endurance and resistance training, the long‐term impact of habitual exercise modality on the directionality of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) is currently unknown. Thirty‐six young healthy participants (sedentary (n = 12), endurance‐trained (n = 12), and resistance‐trained (n = 12)) undertook a 5‐min repeated squat–stand protocol at two forced MAP oscillation frequencies (0.05 and 0.10 Hz). Middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (MCAv) and MAP were continuously monitored. We calculated absolute (ΔMCAvT/ΔMAPT) and relative (%MCAvT/%MAPT) changes in MCAv and MAP with respect to the transition time intervals of both variables to compute a time‐adjusted ratio in each MAP direction, averaged over the 5‐min repeated squat–stand protocols. At 0.10 Hz repeated squat–stands, ΔMCAvT/ΔMAPT and %MCAvT/%MAPT were lower when MAP increased compared with when MAP decreased for sedentary (ΔMCAvT/ΔMAPT: P = 0.032; %MCAvT/%MAPT: P = 0.040) and endurance‐trained individuals (ΔMCAvT/ΔMAPT: P = 0.012; %MCAvT/%MAPT P = 0.007), but not in the resistance‐trained individuals (ΔMCAvT/ΔMAPT: P = 0.512; %MCAvT/%MAPT P = 0.666). At 0.05 Hz repeated squat–stands, time‐adjusted ratios were similar for all groups (all P > 0.605). These findings suggest exercise training modality does influence the directionality of the cerebral pressure–flow relationship and support the presence of a hysteresis‐like pattern during 0.10 Hz repeated squat–stands in sedentary and endurance‐trained participants, but not in resistance‐trained individuals. In future studies, assessment of elite endurance and resistance training habits may further elucidate modality‐dependent discrepancies on directional dCA measurements.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Nucleation Site Density and Heat Transfer During Dropwise Condensation on Thin Hydrophobic Coatings
Authors: Sablowski Jakob , Galle Lydia , Grothe Julia , Roudini Mehrzad , Winkler Andreas , Unz Simon , Beckmann Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDropwise condensation (DWC) has the potential to enhance heat transfer compared to filmwise condensation (FWC). The heat transfer rates achieved by DWC depend on the drop size distribution, which is influenced by nucleation processes of newly formed drops. In DWC modeling, the nucleation site density Ns is used as an input parameter to obtain the drop size distribution of small drops. However, due to the small scale of the condensate nuclei, direct observation is difficult, and experimental data on the nucleation site density are scarce. In the literature, values in the range of 109 m−2 to 1015 m−2 can be found for Ns. In this paper, we report DWC experiments on SiO2 and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES) thin hydrophobic coatings that show significantly different nucleation site densities. Nucleation site densities are estimated from high-speed imaging of small drops during initial condensation and from model calibration using established DWC theory. We have found the values for Ns to be in the range from 1.1×1010 m−2 to 5.1×1011 m−2 for the SiO2 coating and 1011 m−2 to 1013 m−2 for the PFDTES coating. Our results show that there can be large differences in the nucleation site density under similar conditions depending on the surface properties. This underlines the importance of investigating nucleation site density specifically for each surface and under consideration of the specific process conditions used for DWC.
Study on Minimum Miscibility Pressure of CO2–Oil System Based on Gaussian Process Regression and Particle Swarm Optimization Model
Authors: Hou Zhiwei , Su Haizhou , Wang Guodong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Injecting CO2 into the reservoir can not only improve crude oil recovery but also achieve the goal of CO2 geological storage. It can not only reduce the greenhouse effect but also obtain additional economic benefits. From the perspective of minimum miscible pressure, carbon dioxide flooding can be divided into miscible flooding and immiscible flooding, and miscible flooding is widely used in the oil field. The most important condition for miscible flooding is to achieve the minimum miscible pressure (MMP). In the study, combining the particle swarm optimization (PSO) with Gaussian process regression (GPR), a novel intelligent GPR and particle swarm optimization (GPR-PSO) method was proposed to establish the model of predicting the MMP of the CO2 and oil system. The model uses the database with more data than in the previous literature, with 365 data points, and the value range of the data is also wider. Moreover, the accuracy of GPR-PSO model was evaluated by statistical error and graph error and compared with the prediction results of existing models. The results show that compared with other models, the GPR-PSO model has higher accuracy and wider application range, the mean absolute relative error is only 1.66%. Meanwhile, the reliability of the model is verified by the sensitivity analysis of parameters. The results show that the most influential parameter on the prediction results is the reservoir temperature, and the least influential parameter is the critical temperature of injected gas. The GPR-PSO model can be used not only to predict the MMP of CO2 and oil system but also to predict the MMP of other gases and crude oil system.