bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gamma, alpha, and beta diversity of ant assemblages response to a gradient of forest cover in human‐modified landscape in Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Costa Marília Maria Silva da , Schmidt Fernando Augusto 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe partitioning of gamma diversity into its alpha and beta components has been used to quantify the effects of natural habitat reduction on species diversity and distribution. Ant assemblages respond to anthropogenic changes, allowing their use as an indicator of biodiversity conservation in human‐modified landscapes. We investigated the responses of gamma, alpha, and beta diversity of ant assemblages to a forest cover gradient in southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Our prediction was that increasing forest cover would increase gamma diversity, which in turn is driven more by increasing beta diversity than alpha diversity along the forest cover gradient. Additionally, we expected that increasing beta diversity would be mainly driven by species replacement. We sampled ants within 12 circular areas (radius: 500 m) with different forest cover percentages in Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, state of Acre, southwestern Brazilian Amazon. Gamma and beta diversity, but not alpha diversity, responded positively to the forest cover gradient. Additionally, species replacement was the main driver of beta diversity along the forest cover gradient. Areas with low levels of forest cover probably offer limited variation in habitats, resources, and conditions and, thus, harbor a low number of ant species that can easily disperse spatially and leading to species composition simplification. We recommend the use of diversity partitioning for indicator groups as an efficient way to monitor biodiversity and control the process of biota simplification at the human‐modified landscapes, showing the response of species diversity and distribution to human impacts.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Exosomes reveal the dual nature of radiotherapy in tumor immunology
Authors: Hu Xinru , Qiu Yuyue , Zeng Xiaoping , Wang Hongmei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRadioresistance is the potential cause of cancer metastasis and recurrence. Radiation‐induced changes in exosomes can partially explain the undesirable prognosis of radiotherapy (RT). Exosomes, newly discovered ways of cell communication, carry the characteristics of their origin, resulting in their diversity. Various exosomes in the tumor microenvironment exert different function in immune response. In this review, the dual effect of RT on the immune system was described, and the effect of radiotherapy on tumors via exosomes was explored. The molecules in exosomes after RT were described to play immunosuppressive and immunocompetent roles: immune‐related receptors and cell signaling molecules involved in both adaptive and innate immune system were present. CD69, TIGIT, TIM‐3, LAG‐3 and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family that signal to T cells were shown to be regulated by exosomes after irradiation. The change in innate immunity‐derived like receptors, Leukocyte Immunoglobin‐Like Receptors (LILR) was described, as well as B7‐H3, V‐domain containing Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), and CD155 on tumor cells. These changed molecules inhibit and activate the immune system through different mechanisms. By analyzing the relationship between exosome‐derived molecules and immunity, this review shows that radiotherapy can induce immunosuppression and immune clearance through exosomes, thereby treating tumors and improving patient prognosis.
A systematic review of endotracheal stenting in patients with locally advanced thyroid cancer
Authors: Schuster‐Bruce James , Sargent Pippa , Madden Brendan , Ofo Enyinnaya , Allin David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveLocally aggressive thyroid cancer can result in airway obstruction secondary to tracheal compression or vocal cord palsy. A tracheal stent provides an alternative to surgical resection, tracheostomy or conservative management in patients with compressive symptoms. This systematic review synthesises the current evidence associated with tracheal stenting in locally advanced thyroid cancer.Design, setting and participantsWe conducted a systematic review of tracheal stenting in locally advanced thyroid cancers. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science for studies until 22 September 2020. Inclusion criteria were studies involving patients who had received tracheal stents to treat laryngotracheal stenosis secondary to locally advanced thyroid cancer. Single case reports or single cases were not included.Main outcome measuresWe assessed studies for data on the performance of tracheal stenting; defined as symptomatic relief, spirometry data, complication rates and mortality. We also extracted data pertaining to the use of different types of stent.ResultsWe identified eight full‐text articles from 325 titles found in our search. These were all single‐centre retrospective studies that lacked homogeneity of thyroid cancer histotypes. The number of patients in each study ranged from 4 to 35 patients. Stenting improved performance status (two of two studies), symptoms (five of five studies) and spirometry (two of three studies). The most common complications were tracheal granulation, tumour overgrowth, stent migration and sputum retention.ConclusionThere is a lack of evidence in the literature of tracheal stents in locally advanced thyroid cancer. However, the evidence available suggests tracheal stenting may be a useful treatment adjunct in advanced thyroid cancer‐causing symptomatic airway obstruction.
“Drinking from Our Own Wells”: Tongshik Ryu's P'ungryu Christian identity
Authors: Kaunda Chammah J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article is written in honor of Tongshik Ryu (Tong‐sik Yu), a thinker who has greatly contributed and influenced the shaping of Korean indigenous theology. It takes an appreciative historical reconstruction of his Korean cultural theology of P'ungryudo. It argues that to fully appreciate and understand Ryu, we must give attention to his personal experiences and the cultural crisis of his time. Ryu was born and raised in the context of Japanese colonization in which Korean cultural identity was mutilated and was in constant danger of being obliterated. He deployed P'ungryu as a cultural framework to make sense of how Christianity which was becoming a dominant religion could be entrenched within the Korean cultural system. By appealing to the P'ungryu cultural system, Ryu unquestionably demonstrated that Korean people would become authentic Koreans by achieving recovery of their cultural identity and out of it reconstruct themselves for the contemporary situation and participate adequately in the universal task of humanity's continuous creation of “the one planetary beautiful life.”
John Blundell's cricket blueprint revisited
Authors: Stevens Andy 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMore than 35 years ago, in the infancy of the globalisation and professionalisation of sport, John Blundell1 published a blueprint for cricket in England and Wales in this journal. His proposals, aimed at giving market forces a greater role, related to player eligibility regulations, the admission of new teams, changing cricket formats and the creation of special games and tours. Most of these proposals were subsequently adopted by the sport's administrators. The consequent benefits derived by the sport, its teams, fans and players have, however, been mixed, and the effects are confounded by the number of changes made and the complex and dynamic nature of the competitive environment.
Review of the role of sterile insect technique within biologically‐based pest control – An appraisal of existing regulatory frameworks
Authors: Kapranas Apostolos , Collatz Jana , Michaelakis Antonios , Milonas Panagiotis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSterile insect technique (SIT) is increasingly sought after as a sustainable insect control technique. Originally, SIT pursued the eradication of a target population and was used in governmental/public area‐wide integrated pest management (IPM) programs. However, it nowadays is used more often as a population suppression method. Therefore, this technique also receives growing interest from commercial insect producers. Given the increased adoption of the SIT as a pest control tool and the differences between countries in regulating the mass‐rearing, importation, and release of live organisms, some common rules might eventually be requested for the use of sterile insects in pest control. In this article, we review and examine the definition of sterile insects, the risks that may arise from their use, and the assurance of production quality and efficacy. Finally, we investigate how sterile insects compare to biological control agents, which are another type of insects deliberately released into the environment. We conclude that SIT based on insect irradiation can be used safely and that existing regulatory frameworks are sufficient to develop pragmatic registration procedures where those are needed.
Quantitative magnetic resonance neurographic characterization of peripheral nerve involvement in manifest and pre‐ataxic spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Kollmer Jennifer , Weiler Markus , Sam Georges , Faber Jennifer , Hayes John M. , Heiland Sabine , Bendszus Martin , Wick Wolfgang , Jacobi Heike 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeKnowledge about the exact underlying pathophysiological changes involved in the genesis and progression of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is limited. Lower extremity peripheral nerve lesions in clinically, genetically and electrophysiologically classified ataxic and pre‐ataxic SCA3 mutation carriers were characterized and quantified by magnetic resonance neurography (MRN).MethodsEighteen SCA3 mutation carriers and 20 age‐/sex‐matched healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. All SCA3 mutation carriers underwent detailed neurological and electrophysiological examinations. 3 T MRN covered the lumbosacral plexus and proximal thigh to the tibiotalar joint by using T2‐weighted inversion recovery sequences, dual‐echo relaxometry sequences with spectral fat saturation, and two gradient‐echo sequences with and without an off‐resonance saturation rapid frequency pulse. Detailed quantification of nerve lesions by morphometric and microstructural MRN markers, including T2 relaxometry and magnetization transfer contrast imaging, was conducted in all study participants.ResultsMRN detected peripheral nerve damage in ataxic and pre‐ataxic SCA3. The quantitative markers proton spin density (ρ), T2 relaxation time, magnetization transfer ratio and cross‐sectional area were decreased in SCA3, indicating chronic axonopathy. MTR and ρ identified early, subclinical nerve damage in pre‐ataxic SCA3 and in SCA3 mutation carriers without polyneuropathy and were superior in differentiating between all subgroups. Additionally, microstructural markers correlated well with clinical symptom scores and electrophysiological results.ConclusionsOur data provide a comprehensive characterization of peripheral nerve damage in SCA3 and assist in understanding the mechanisms of the multisystemic disease evolution. Evidence of peripheral nerve involvement prior to the onset of clinically overt ataxia might have important implications for designing early intervention studies.
A novel approach for the detection of anomalous energy consumption patterns in industrial cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Mendia Izaskun , Gil‐Lopez Sergio , Grau Iñaki , Del Ser Javier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMost scenarios emerging from the Industry 4.0 paradigm rely on the concept of cyber‐physical production systems (CPPS), which allow them to synergistically connect physical to digital setups so as to integrate them over all stages of product development. Unfortunately, endowing CPPS with AI‐based functionalities poses its own challenges: although advances in the performance of AI models keep blossoming in the community, their penetration in real‐world industrial solutions has not so far developed at the same pace. Currently, 90% of AI‐based models never reach production due to a manifold of assorted reasons not only related to complexity and performance: decisions issued by AI‐based systems must be explained, understood and trusted by their end users. This study elaborates on a novel tool designed to characterize, in a non‐supervised, human‐understandable fashion, the nominal performance of a factory in terms of production and energy consumption. The traceability and analysis of energy consumption data traces and the monitoring of the factory's production permit to detect anomalies and inefficiencies in the working regime of the overall factory. By virtue of the transparency of the detection process, the proposed approach elicits understandable information about the root cause from the perspective of the production line, process and/or machine that generates the identified inefficiency. This methodology allows for the identification of the machines and/or processes that cause energy inefficiencies in the manufacturing system, and enables significant energy consumption savings by acting on these elements. We assess the performance of our designed method over a real‐world case study from the automotive sector, comparing it to an extensive benchmark comprising state‐of‐the‐art unsupervised and semi‐supervised anomaly detection algorithms, from classical algorithms to modern generative neural counterparts. The superior quantitative results attained by our proposal complements its better interpretability with respect to the rest of algorithms in the comparison, which emphasizes the utmost relevance of considering the available domain knowledge and the target audience when design AI‐based industrial solutions of practical value. Finally, the work described in this paper has been successfully deployed on a large scale in several industrial factories with significant international projection.
The Tell me tool: The development and feasibility of a tool for person‐centred infertility care
Authors: Verkerk Eva W. , Rake Ester A. , Braat Didi D. M. , Nelen Willianne L. D. M. , Aarts Johanna W. M. , Kremer Jan A. M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn important—and often missing—element of person‐centred care is the inclusion of individual patients' values and preferences. This is challenging but especially important for high‐burden fertility treatments. We describe the development of a clinical tool that aims to facilitate the delivery of person‐centred fertility care by giving insight into the patients' values and preferences.MethodsWe developed the Tell me tool following the three principles of user‐centred design: (1) early and continual focus on users; (2) iterative design; (3) measurement of user behaviour. Accordingly, our methods consisted of three phases: (1) conducting semi‐structured interviews with 18 couples undergoing fertility treatment, followed by a consensus meeting with relevant stakeholders; (2) performing seven iterative improvement rounds; (3) testing the feasibility of the tool in 10 couples.ResultsThe Tell me tool consists of a ranking assignment of 13 themes and two open‐ended questions. These themes relate to the couples' wellbeing and experience of the treatment, such as mental health and shared decision making. The open‐ended questions ask them to write down what matters most to them. The field test showed variation between the individual patients' answers. The tool proved to highlight what is important to the individual patient and gives insight into patients' personal contexts.ConclusionsWe developed a tool that gives insight into the values and preferences of the individual patient. The tool seems feasible for facilitating person‐centred fertility care.Patient or Public ContributionThe tool was developed with a user‐centred design that strongly involved patients.
A systematic review on the lipid composition of human hair
Authors: Csuka David A. , Csuka Ella A. , Juhász Margit L. W. , Sharma Ajay N. , Mesinkovska Natasha A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHair lipid composition varies by ethnic hair type and by hair layer. Lipids in the cuticle, cortex, and medulla of the hair shaft provide a protective barrier to environmental and chemical damage, prevent hair breakage and desorption, and affect the elastic and tensile properties of hair. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the lipid composition and ethnic differences of human hair, effects of external damage on lipid content and properties, and changes in hair lipid composition associated with disease states. PubMed/MEDLINE was searched up to March 2021 according to PRISMA guidelines for articles discussing the lipid content of human hair and effects of physical, chemical, or environmental damage, and disease. Fifty‐nine articles investigating the lipid content of hair were included for review. Lipids affect fluid permeability, hydration, strength, and texture of ethnic hair fibers. Lipid loss is accelerated by hair‐damaging treatments such as bleach, dye, perm, straightening, and surfactant use, and sun and aging processes, leading to dehydrated, breakable, disordered, and dull hair. Diseases including acne, alopecia, and breast, gastric, prostate, lung, and rectal cancers display elevated hair lipid levels. Lipids are vital in protection against damage and maintenance of healthy hair. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of lipids on the structural properties of ethnic hair, and changes in hair lipid composition with various dermatologic and systemic diseases.
Dysregulation of LINC00324 associated with methylation facilitates leukemogenesis in de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sun Guo‐kang , Xu Zi‐jun , Nan Fang‐yu , Tang Li‐juan , Yao Dong‐ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionLINC00324 was overexpressed and facilitated carcinogenesis in various solid malignant tumors. However, the role of LINC00324 in leukemogenesis remains to be elucidated.MethodsThe relative expression and unmethylation levels of LINC00324 were detected by real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and real‐time quantitative methylation‐specific PCR (RT‐qMSP). Cell proliferation experimental and flow cytometer (FCM) was used to detect the change of proliferation and apoptosis in leukemia cell lines after overexpression of LINC00324.ResultsThe results showed that the expression of LINC00324 and the methylation level of the promoter region were significantly negatively correlated in AML patients. Moreover, patients with lower LINC00324 expression showed more prolonged overall survival (OS). Remarkably, overexpression of LINC00324 in leukemia cell lines promoted the proliferation of target cells and inhibited their apoptosis.ConclusionOur findings firstly identified that the hypomethylation of LINC00324 was a common molecular event in de novo AML patients. The abnormally upregulated LINC00324 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in leukemia cells.
Effects of a mobile oral care app on oral mucositis, pain, nutritional status, and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Lin Tzu‐Hsuan , Wang Yu‐Ming , Huang Cheng‐Yi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this work is to explore the effectiveness of a mobile app to support oral mucositis care to improve the nutritional status and reduce the occurrence of oral mucositis of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy.BackgroundConcurrent chemoradiotherapy is the optimal treatment for head and neck cancer, but oral mucositis and malnutrition are common complications.DesignQuasi‐experimental study using a pre‐post design was used in this work.MethodParticipants were recruited from a major regional hospital in Taiwan from July 2018 to July 2020. There were 32 participants in each group: the mobile app group (Intervention Group) or routine care (Control Group). The primary outcome measure was Patient‐Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG‐SGA). We also collected data on grade of oral mucositis, painNnumeric Rating Scale (NRS), weight loss, haemoglobin (Hb), albumin and quality of life (QoL).ResultThe PG‐SGA score was significantly lower in the intervention than the control group at all three time points. Hb and albumin decreased less significantly in the intervention than the control group after 2 months. The oral mucositis grade was significantly less severe in the intervention than the control group at all three time points; for the NRS, at T2 and T3.ConclusionUsing the mobile app effectively improved nutritional status, alleviated the side effects, and improved the QoL of head and neck cancer patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
Strategies to promote responsive bottle‐feeding in WIC predict less frequent use of food to soothe and healthier weight status for infants with negative temperaments
Authors: Ventura Alison K. , Whaley Shannon E. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackgroundInfants with greater temperamental negative affectivity are at higher risk for overfeeding and excess weight gain.ObjectiveTo examine whether strategies to promote responsive bottle‐feeding within WIC promoted healthier maternal feeding practices and infant weight status among infants with greater negative affectivity.MethodsSecondary analysis of data from a matched‐pair cluster randomized trial. Policy, systems and environmental change (PSE) strategies to promote responsive bottle‐feeding were implemented at three WIC clinics; these clinics were compared with three matched control clinics. Linear mixed models tested whether infant negative affectivity interacted with PSE strategies to predict feeding and weight outcomes when infants were 4–6 months old.ResultsSignificant interactions between infant negative affectivity and PSE strategies were noted. Among infants with high negative affectivity, mothers in PSE clinics reported less frequent use of food to soothe (p = 0.009) compared with mothers in control clinics. Among infants with moderate (p = 0.008) or high (p = 0.029) negative affectivity, infants in PSE clinics had healthier weight status compared with infants in control clinics.ConclusionsPromotion of responsive bottle‐feeding is an effective way to support WIC mothers and reduce risk for overfeeding and excess weight gain, particularly for mothers of infants with greater negative affectivity.