bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequent alanine aminotransferase flares and promising antiviral therapy efficacy during the preschool age: An opportunity to achieve HBsAg loss in children with mother‐to‐child transmitted hepatitis B
Authors: Yao Naijuan , Wang Jia , Wu Yuchao , Zhu Yage , Feng Yali , Fu Shan , Liu Jinfeng , Yang Yuan , Zhao Yingren , Shi Lei , Yang Nan , Chen Tianyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlanine aminotransferase (ALT) flare remains one of the determinants of initiating antiviral therapy in children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Insufficient data exist regarding children with CHB attributed to mother‐to‐child transmission. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of spontaneous ALT flares and identify factors affecting therapy‐induced hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss in the flare cohort. We retrospectively included untreated children with mother‐to‐child transmitted CHB. The primary outcomes were spontaneous ALT flares and therapy‐induced HBsAg loss. Among 83 untreated children, 73.5% (61/83) experienced spontaneous ALT flares during the median follow‐up of 14.6 months (range, 0.1–177.1 months), with 54.1% of the first ALT flares and 44.3% of ALT peaks occurring within 6 years of age. Thirty‐six of 61 children with ALT flares received antiviral therapy, nine (25.0%) of whom achieved therapy‐induced HBsAg loss with a median duration of 19.3 months (range, 6.5–56.2 months). The age of initiation of antiviral therapy was the sole predictor of therapy‐induced HBsAg loss (HR = 0.544, 95% CI 0.353–0.838, p = 0.006). The restricted cubic spline showed a negative relationship between the age of initiation of antiviral therapy and HBsAg loss and identified that 6.2 years of age discriminated children with therapy‐induced HBsAg loss. Kaplan–Meier estimations suggested a higher probability of HBsAg loss in children who started antiviral therapy before 6.2 years old (p = 0.03). In conclusion, asymptomatic ALT flares were frequent in preschool‐aged children with mother‐to‐child transmitted CHB, and early initiation of antiviral therapy showed promising effects in those children with ALT flares.
Integrative review of the literature on screening for gender‐based violence during pregnancy: Barriers, facilitators, and tools
Authors: Andreu‐Pejó Laura , Valero‐Chillerón Ma. Jesús , González‐Chordá Víctor Manuel , Mena Tudela Desirée , Cervera Gasch Agueda 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn integrative review of the literature has been developed to explore barriers and facilitators in screening for gender‐based violence in pregnant women and identify available tools for this screening. Studies were identified via a systematic search on the PubMed, CINAHL Plus (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature Complete), Scopus, and LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature) databases and a manual reverse reference search to obtain literature published between 2015 and 2020. The methodology followed the recommendations made by Whittemore & Knafl. The quality of studies was evaluated using the Critical Skills Appraisal Program tool. Twenty‐three of the 4202 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The principal barriers identified were lack of training for professionals (mainly nurses and midwives), lack of support policies, and lack of human and material resources. The main facilitators were to increase professional training programs on case detection, availability of effective instruments, and greater investment in resources to guarantee safety and referral of cases. With regard to the available tools, the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) continues to be the most widely used, although others such as the Humiliation, Afraid, Rape, and Kick questionnaire (HARK) could be suitable for antenatal care settings.
Drought legacy effects on root morphological traits and plant biomass via soil biota feedback
Authors: Lozano Yudi M. , Aguilar‐Trigueros Carlos A. , Ospina Jenny M. , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Drought causes soil feedback effects on plant performance. However, how the linkages between conditioned soil biota and root traits contribute to explain plant–soil feedback (PSF) as a function of drought is unknown.

We utilized soil inoculum from a conditioning experiment where grassland species grew under well‐watered and drought conditions, and their soil fungi were analyzed. Under well‐watered conditions, we grew 21 grassland species with those inocula from either conspecific or heterospecific soils. At harvest, plant biomass and root traits were measured.

Negative PSF (higher biomass in heterospecific than in conspecific soils) was predominant, and favored in drought‐conditioned soils. Previous drought affected the relationship between root traits and fungal groups. Specific root surface area (SRSA) was higher in heterospecific than in conspecific droughted soils and was linked to an increase in saprotroph richness. Overall, root diameter was higher in conspecific soils and was linked to mutualist and pathogen composition, whereas the decrease of root : shoot in heterospecific soils was linked to pathogenic fungi.

Drought legacy affects biomass and root morphological traits via conditioned soil biota, even after the drought conditions have disappeared. This provides new insights into the role that soil biota have modulating PSF responses to drought.
Asterocladon ednae sp. nov. (Asterocladales, Phaeophyceae) from the Philippines
Authors: Sasagawa Eriko , Santiañez Wilfred John E. , Kogame Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYMembers of the brown algal order Asterocladales are characterized by stellate arrangement of its chloroplasts, in which a stellate configuration has a protruding central pyrenoid complex. The order is represented by the genus Asterocladon, which consists of only three species so far. Similar to other small and filamentous seaweeds, studies on Asterocladon remain scant and their diversity poorly understood. To fill this gap, we conducted molecular‐assisted taxonomic studies on Asterocladon based on seven culture isolates collected from Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and Cebu, the Philippines. One culture isolate from the Philippines was revealed to be a new species of Asterocladon based on morpho‐anatomical and molecular analyses using rbcL and psaA genes and is described here as Asterocladon ednae. The other isolates were attributed to A. rhodochortonoides. A. ednae was most closely related to A. rhodochortonoides in morphology and molecular phylogeny but was distinguished from the latter by its elongately ellipsoid plurilocular sporangia. This is the first report of the genus and species A. ednae in the Philippines, further increasing the diversity of seaweeds in the country.
Astaxanthin improves preserved semen quality at 17°C by enhancing sperm antioxidant and motility properties
Authors: Hu Yamei , Hu Jianhong , Pang Weijun , Yang Gongshe , Chu Guiyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPorcine sperm is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids; therefore, it is highly susceptible to oxidative damage during storage. Inhibition of oxidative stress during preservation is essential for maintaining sperm motility. Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to explore the effect of supplementing astaxanthin as an extender of porcine semen preservation dilutions at 17°C. Various concentrations of astaxanthin were added to diluted porcine semen at 17°C. We performed computer‐assisted semen analysis, evaluation of plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity, and measurement of total antioxidant activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reactive oxygen species levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) activity and sperm motility parameters. Compared with the control group, the addition of 0.25 μg/ml astaxanthin group significantly improved sperm motility parameters stored on the fifth day; these were increased levels of sperm SOD, GSH‐PX and CAT (p < .05), increased sperm adenosine trisphosphate and lactate dehydrogenase levels and decreased sperm MDA levels (p < .05). These findings suggest that adding 0.25 μg/ml of astaxanthin improves the quality of porcine semen stored at 17°C. Our findings provide theoretical support for developing new protective agents critical for preserving pig semen at 17°C.
U.S.–China trade war and corporate reallocation: Evidence from Chinese listed companies
Authors: Ding Haoyuan , Koedijk Kees G. , Qi Tong , Shen Yanqing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper applies a difference‐in‐differences framework to explore the economic consequences of the recent U.S.–China trade war. The average abnormal returns of Chinese listed firms during a period centered on President Trump's announcement on 22 March 2018 are taken as a proxy for the firms' exposure to the potential trade war. Firms more negatively exposed are found, surprisingly, to report higher total revenues in the post‐announcement period. The results indicate that the Chinese firms tend to reallocate their business from overseas to the domestic market. Such within‐firm reallocation is found to be more pronounced among private firms, exporting firms and non‐FDI firms. Besides, firms with higher negative exposure increase total investment and financing but decrease foreign investment after the trade war.
Nonlinear Thermoelastic Numerical Frequency Analysis and Experimental Verification of Cutout Abided Laminated Shallow Shell Structure
Authors: Dewangan Hukum Chand , Panda Subrata Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The cutout and temperature loading influences on the nonlinear frequencies of the laminated shell structures are predicted numerically using two different types of geometrical nonlinear strain-displacement relationships to count the large deformation. The displacement of any generic point on the structural panel is derived using the third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT). Moreover, the direct iterative method has been adopted to obtain the nonlinear eigenvalues in conjunction with the isoparametric finite element (FE) steps. The present analysis includes the effect of temperature and the temperature-dependent composite elastic properties on the thermoelastic frequencies. This study intends to establish the Green-Lagrange type of nonlinear strain's efficacy in computing the nonlinear frequency of layered structure with and without cutout instead of von-Karman strain kinematics. The numerical model's validity has been established by comparing the results to previously published results. In addition, experimentally obtained fundamental frequency values of a few modes are compared to numerical proposed numerical results under the thermal loading. Finally, the effects of cutout (shape and size) and the associated structural geometrical parameters on the nonlinear thermal frequency responses of the laminated structure are expressed in the final output form.
Review of Seismic Fragility and Loss Quantification of Building-Like Industrial Facilities
Authors: Alfanda Abba Mas'ud , Dai Kaoshan , Wang Jianze 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIndustrial facilities play a significant role in economic growth now and for the foreseeable future. However, past earthquake reconnaissance surveys have revealed that the seismic vulnerability of these facilities has resulted in huge economic losses mainly due to operational failures. As per ASCE 7, industrial facilities could be classified as building-like and nonbuilding-like types. In this paper, the fragility of building-like industrial facilities is focused. First, relevant design code requirements and provisions were summarized for further discussion on possible improvements. This is followed by a review of the latest techniques, challenges, and knowledge gaps related to the fragility development of building-like industrial facilities. The review indicates gaps in fragility development specific to seismic loss quantification. The need for updated design guidelines, component interdependencies, robust seismic modeling, and analysis techniques for improved decision-making are hence recommended.
A Combined Liquid Cold Plate and Heat Sink Based Hybrid Cooling Approach for the Temperature Control of Integrated Circuit Chips
Authors: Patil Naveen G. , Hotta Tapano Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The study focuses on the experimental and numerical investigations on the cooling of seven protruding asymmetric integrated circuit (IC) chips arranged optimally at various positions in a switch mode power supply (SMPS) board. The chips are cooled under the laminar forced convection mode using the hybrid cooling technique (liquid cold plate integrated with the heat sinks). Fifteen heat sink cases (combinations) are considered for the analysis with the goal to keep the IC chip’s temperature under the safe limit (less than 100 °C). Variable power (heat) inputs to the IC chips along with a water flow rate of 0.5 kg/s (corresponding to the velocity of 4 m/s) inside the liquid cold plate are considered for the analysis. The heat sinks absorb the heat dissipated from the IC chips and reduce their temperature substantially by enhancing their heat removal rate up to 32%. The convection contribution of the IC chips has also improved by 62% using the heat sinks. Hence, hybrid cooling is found to be an effective technique for the temperature control of the IC chips. Numerical analyses are also carried out using the ansys fluent (v r16) to support the experiments. Both the results agree with each other in the error band of 6–12%.
Miocene terrestrial paleoclimates inferred from pollen in the Monterey Formation, Naples Coastal Bluffs section, California
Authors: Heusser Linda E. , Barron* John A. , Blake Gregg H. , Nichols Jon 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We present here a comprehensive record of Miocene terrestrial ecosystems from exposures of the Monterey Formation along the Naples coastal bluffs, west of Santa Barbara, California. Constrained by an updated chronology, pollen analyses of 28 samples deposited between 18 and 6 Ma reflect the demise of mesophytic taxa that grew in a warm, wet environment during the late early and early middle Miocene and the development of a summer-dry/winter-wet Mediterranean climate during the late Miocene. Broadleaf tree pollen from mesophytic woodlands and forests now found in the southeastern United States and China (Liquidambar, Tilia, Ulmus, Carya) characterized the Miocene climatic optimum (16.9–14.7 Ma), the middle Miocene climate transition (14.7–13.8 Ma), and the interval up to ca. 13.0 Ma. Subsequently, during the late middle to early late Miocene, between 13.3 and 9.0 Ma, oak woodlands and herbs (Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Poaceae) from beach scrub and chaparral increased as ocean temperatures cooled and the climate became drier. Between ca. 8.9 and 7.6 Ma, pine increased mostly at the expense of oak (Quercus) and herbs, suggesting a period of increasing precipitation. During the latest Miocene (7.5–6.0 Ma), an increase of herb-dominated ecosystems (chaparral, coastal scrub) at the expense of pine reflects the full development of a summer-dry/winter-wet climate in coastal southern California.
Reductions in hospital care among clinically vulnerable children aged 0–4 years during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Etoori David , Harron Katie L , Mc Grath-Lone Louise , Verfürden Maximiliane L , Gilbert Ruth , Blackburn Ruth 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo quantify reductions in hospital care for clinically vulnerable children during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignBirth cohort.SettingNational Health Service hospitals in England.Study populationAll children aged <5 years with a birth recorded in hospital administrative data (January 2010–March 2021).Main exposureClinical vulnerability defined by a chronic health condition, preterm birth (<37 weeks’ gestation) or low birth weight (<2500 g).Main outcomesReductions in care defined by predicted hospital contact rates for 2020, estimated from 2015 to 2019, minus observed rates per 1000 child years during the first year of the pandemic (March 2020–2021).ResultsOf 3 813 465 children, 17.7% (one in six) were clinically vulnerable (9.5% born preterm or low birth weight, 10.3% had a chronic condition). Reductions in hospital care during the pandemic were much higher for clinically vulnerable children than peers: respectively, outpatient attendances (314 vs 73 per 1000 child years), planned admissions (55 vs 10) and unplanned admissions (105 vs 79). Clinically vulnerable children accounted for 50.1% of the reduction in outpatient attendances, 55.0% in planned admissions and 32.8% in unplanned hospital admissions. During the pandemic, weekly rates of planned care returned to prepandemic levels for infants with chronic conditions but not older children. Reductions in care differed by ethnic group and level of deprivation. Virtual outpatient attendances increased from 3.2% to 24.8% during the pandemic.ConclusionOne in six clinically vulnerable children accounted for one-third to one half of the reduction in hospital care during the pandemic.
Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia among hospitalised children in Indonesia: a multicentre, prospective study
Authors: Lokida Dewi , Farida Helmia , Triasih Rina , Mardian Yan , Kosasih Herman , Naysilla Adhella Menur , Budiman Arif , Hayuningsih Chakrawati , Anam Moh Syarofil , Wastoro Dwi , Mujahidah Mujahidah , Dipayana Setya , Setyati Amalia , Aman Abu Tholib , Lukman Nurhayati , Karyana Muhammad , Kline Ahnika , Neal Aaron , Lau Chuen-Yen , Lane Clifford 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo identify aetiologies of childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) based on a comprehensive diagnostic approach.Design‘Partnerships for Enhanced Engagement in Research-Pneumonia in Paediatrics (PEER-PePPeS)’ study was an observational prospective cohort study conducted from July 2017 to September 2019.SettingGovernment referral teaching hospitals and satellite sites in three cities in Indonesia: Semarang, Yogyakarta and Tangerang.ParticipantsHospitalised children aged 2–59 months who met the criteria for pneumonia were eligible. Children were excluded if they had been hospitalised for >24 hours; had malignancy or history of malignancy; a history of long-term (>2 months) steroid therapy, or conditions that might interfere with compliance with study procedures.Main outcome(s) measure(s)Causative bacterial, viral or mixed pathogen(s) for pneumonia were determined using microbiological, molecular and serological tests from routinely collected specimens (blood, sputum and nasopharyngeal swabs). We applied a previously published algorithm (PEER-PePPeS rules) to determine the causative pathogen(s).Results188 subjects were enrolled. Based on our algorithm, 48 (25.5%) had a bacterial infection, 31 (16.5%) had a viral infection, 76 (40.4%) had mixed bacterial and viral infections, and 33 (17.6%) were unable to be classified. The five most common causative pathogens identified were Haemophilus influenzae non-type B (N=73, 38.8%), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (N=51, 27.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (N=43, 22.9%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (N=29, 15.4%) and Influenza virus (N=25, 13.3%). RSV and influenza virus diagnoses were highly associated with Indonesia’s rainy season (November–March). The PCR assays on induced sputum (IS) specimens captured most of the pathogens identified in this study.ConclusionsOur study found that H. influenzae non-type B and RSV were the most frequently identified pathogens causing hospitalised CAP among Indonesian children aged 2–59 months old. Our study also highlights the importance of PCR for diagnosis and by extension, appropriate use of antimicrobials.Trail registration numberNCT03366454
Estimation of the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease using a capture–recapture model based on two independent surveillance systems in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Ciruela Pilar , Vilaró Marta , Carmona Gloria , Jané Mireia , Soldevila Núria , Garcia Tomás , Hernández Sergi , Ruiz Laura , Domínguez Angela 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesInvasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is an urgent notifiable disease and its early notification is essential to prevent cases. The objective of the study was to assess the sensitivity of two independent surveillance systems and to estimate the incidence of IMD.DesignWe used capture–recapture model based on two independent surveillance systems, the statutory disease reporting (SDR) system and the microbiological reporting system (MRS) of the Public Health Agency of Catalonia, between 2011 and 2015. The capture–recapture analysis and 95% CIs were calculated using the Chapman formula. Multivariate vector generalised linear model was performed for adjusted estimation.MeasuresThe variables collected were age, sex, year of report, size of municipality (<10 000 and ≥10 000), clinical form, death, serogroup, country of birth and type of reporting centre (private and public).ResultsThe sensitivity of the two combined surveillance systems was 88.5% (85.0–92.0). SDR had greater sensitivity than the MRS (67.9%; 62.7–73.1 vs 64.7%; 59.4–70.0). In 2014–2015, the sensitivity of both systems was higher (80.6%; 73.2–87.9 vs 73.4%; 65.2–81.6) than in 2011–2013 (59.3%; 52.6–66.0 vs 58.3%; 51.6–65.1). In private centres, the sensitivity was higher for SDR than for MRS (100%; 100–100 vs 4.8%; −4.4–13.9). The adjusted estimate of IMD cases was lower than that obtained using the Chapman formula (279; 266–296 vs 313; 295–330). The estimated adjusted incidence of IMD was 0.7/100 000 persons-year.ConclusionsThe sensitivity of enhanced surveillance through the combination of two complementary sources was higher than for the sources individually. Factors associated with under-reporting in different systems should be analysed to improve IMD surveillance.
School-based screening for childhood anxiety problems and intervention delivery: a codesign approach
Authors: Williamson Victoria , Larkin Michael , Reardon Tessa , Pearcey Samantha , Button Roberta , Green Iheoma , Hill Claire , Stallard Paul , Spence Susan H , Breen Maria , Mcdonald Ian , Ukoumunne Obioha , Ford Tamsin , Violato Mara , Sniehotta Falko , Stainer Jason , Gray Alastair , Brown Paul , Sancho Michelle , Morgan Fran , Jasper Bec , Creswell Cathy 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesA very small proportion of children with anxiety problems receive evidence-based treatment. Barriers to access include difficulties with problem identification, concerns about stigma and a lack of clarity about how to access specialist services and their limited availability. A school-based programme that integrates screening to identify those children who are most likely to be experiencing anxiety problems with the offer of intervention has the potential to overcome many of these barriers. This article is a process-based account of how we used codesign to develop a primary school-based screening and intervention programme for child anxiety problems.DesignCodesign.SettingUK primary schools.ParticipantsData were collected from year 4 children (aged 8–9 years), parents, school staff and mental health practitioners.ResultsWe report how the developed programme was experienced and perceived by a range of users, including parents, children, school staff and mental health practitioners, as well as how the programme was adapted following user feedback.ConclusionsWe reflect on the mitigation techniques we employed, the lessons learnt from the codesign process and give recommendations that may inform the development and implementation of future school-based screening and intervention programmes.