bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity, phylogeny and evolution of the rapidly evolving genusPsidiumL. (Myrtaceae, Myrteae)
Authors: Proença Carolyn Elinore Barnes , Tuler Amélia Carlos , Lucas Eve J , Vasconcelos Thais Nogales da Costa , de Faria Jair Eustáquio Quintino , Staggemeier Vanessa Graziele , de-Carvalho Plauto Simão , Forni-Martins Eliana Regina , Inglis Peter Ward , da Mata Lorena Ramos , da Costa Itayguara Ribeiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsPsidium is the fourthth largest genus of Myrtaceae in the Neotropics. Psidium guajava is widely cultivated in the tropics for its edible fruit. It is commercially under threat due to the disease guava decline. Psidium cattleyanum is one of the 100 most invasive organisms in the world. Knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships within Psidium is poor. We aim to provide a review of the biology, morphology and ecology of Psidium, a phylogenetic tree, an infrageneric classification and a list of species.MethodsMorphological and geographic data were obtained by studying Psidium in herbaria and in the field between 1988 and 2020. Forty-six herbaria were visited personally. A database of approx. 6000 specimens was constructed, and the literature was reviewed. Thirty species (about a third of the species in the genus) were sampled for molecular phylogenetic inference. Two chloroplast (psbA–trnH and ndhF) and two nuclear (external transcribed spacer and internal transcribed spacer) regions were targeted. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using maximum likelihood (ML; RaxML) and Bayesian inference (BI; MrBayes).Key ResultsPsidium is a monophyletic genus with four major clades recognized as sections. Section Psidium (ten species), to which P. guajava belongs, is sister to the rest of the genus; it is widespread across the Neotropics. Section Obversifolia (six species; restricted to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest), which includes P. cattleyanum, is sister to the innermost clade composed of sister sections Apertiflora (31 species; widespread but most diverse in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest) + Mitranthes (26 species; widespread in dry forests and probably diverse in the Caribbean). Characters associated with diversification within Psidium are discussed.ConclusionsResearch on pre-foliation, colleters, leaf anatomy, leaf physiology, staminal development, placentation and germination associated with the anatomy of the opercular plug is desirable. Studies are biased towards sections Psidium and Obversifolia, with other sections poorly known.
How Ready Are Indian Primary School Children for English Medium Instruction? An Analysis of the Relationship between the Reading Skills of Low-SES Children, Their Oral Vocabulary and English Input in the Classroom in Government Schools in India
Authors: Treffers-Daller Jeanine , Mukhopadhyay Lina , Balasubramanian Anusha , Tamboli Vasim , Tsimpli Ianthi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The aim of the study was to find out to what extent low socio-economic status (SES) children enrolled in government-run primary schools in Hyderabad are ready to receive instruction through the medium of English (English medium instruction [EMI]). To this end we investigated children’s oral vocabulary skills, the lexical complexity of their textbooks, as well as the amount of English input they receive in class. A subsample of 90 children from primary school Grades 4 and 5 who opted to carry out a story retelling task in English rather than in Telugu took part in the study. Results reveal that the children’s oral vocabulary levels are far below the levels required to read the textbook materials. The lexical diversity of the children’s stories as analysed with the Index of Guiraud was also a significant predictor of their reading comprehension scores. We conclude that children from low-SES enrolled in government schools are not ready for EMI, and call for further investigation into the levels of English vocabulary knowledge that are needed for EMI.
Accelerated versus watchful waiting strategy of kidney replacement therapy for acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Chen Jui-Yi , Chen Ying-Ying , Pan Heng-Chih , Hsieh Chih-Chieh , Hsu Tsuen-Wei , Huang Yun-Ting , Huang Tao-Min , Shiao Chih-Chung , Huang Chun-Te , Kashani Kianoush , Wu Vin-Cent 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Critically ill patients with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT) have a grim prognosis. Recently, multiple studies focused on the impact of KRT initiation time [i.e., accelerated versus watchful waiting KRT initiation (WWS-KRT)] on patient outcomes. We aim to review the results of all related clinical trials.

Methods
In this systematic review, we searched all relevant randomized clinical trials from January 2000 to April 2021. We assessed the impacts of accelerated versus WWS-KRT on KRT dependence, KRT-free days, mortality and adverse events, including hypotension, infection, arrhythmia and bleeding. We rated the certainty of evidence according to Cochrane methods and the GRADE approach.

Results
A total of 4932 critically ill patients with AKI from 10 randomized clinical trials were included in this analysis. The overall 28-day mortality rate was 38.5%. The 28-day KRT-dependence rate was 13.0%. The overall incident of KRT in the accelerated group was 97.4% and 62.8% in the WWS-KRT group. KRT in the accelerated group started 36.7 h earlier than the WWS-KRT group. The two groups had similar risks of 28-day [pooled log odds ratio (OR) 1.001, P = 0.982] and 90-day (OR 0.999, P = 0.991) mortality rates. The accelerated group had a significantly higher risk of 90-day KRT dependence (OR 1.589, P = 0.007), hypotension (OR 1.687, P &lt; 0.001) and infection (OR 1.38, P = 0.04) compared with the WWS-KRT group.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis revealed that accelerated KRT leads to a higher probability of 90-day KRT dependence and dialysis-related complications without any impact on mortality rate when compared with WWS-KRT. Therefore, we suggest the WWS-KRT strategy for critically ill patients.
The sympathetic nervous system exacerbates carotid body sensitivity in hypertension
Authors: Felippe Igor S A , Zera Tymoteusz , da Silva Melina P , Moraes Davi J A , McBryde Fiona , Paton Julian F R 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsThe carotid bodies (CBs) of spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats exhibit hypertonicity and hyperreflexia contributing to heightened peripheral sympathetic outflow. We hypothesized that CB hyperexcitability is driven by its own sympathetic innervation.Methods and resultsTo test this, the chemoreflex was activated (NaCN 50–100 µL, 0.4 µg/µL) in SH and Wistar rats in situ before and after: (i) electrical stimulation (ES; 30 Hz, 2 ms, 10 V) of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), which innervates the CB; (ii) unilateral resection of the SCG (SCGx); (iii) CB injections of an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist (phenylephrine, 50 µL, 1 mmol/L), and (iv) α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin (40 µL, 1 mmol/L) or tamsulosin (50 µL, 1 mmol/L). ES of the SCG enhanced CB-evoked sympathoexcitation by 40–50% (P &lt; 0.05) with no difference between rat strains. Unilateral SCGx attenuated the CB-evoked sympathoexcitation in SH (62%; P &lt; 0.01) but was without effect in Wistar rats; it also abolished the ongoing firing of chemoreceptive petrosal neurones of SH rats, which became hyperpolarized. In Wistar rats, CB injections of phenylephrine enhanced CB-evoked sympathoexcitation (33%; P &lt; 0.05), which was prevented by prazosin (26%; P &lt; 0.05) in SH rats. Tamsulosin alone reproduced the effects of prazosin in SH rats and prevented the sensitizing effect of the SCG following ES. Within the CB, α1A- and α1B-adrenoreceptors were co-localized on both glomus cells and blood vessels. In conscious SH rats instrumented for recording blood pressure (BP), the CB-evoked pressor response was attenuated after SCGx, and systolic BP fell by 16 ± 4.85 mmHg.ConclusionsThe sympathetic innervation of the CB is tonically activated and sensitizes the CB of SH but not Wistar rats. Furthermore, sensitization of CB-evoked reflex sympathoexcitation appears to be mediated by α1-adrenoceptors located either on the vasculature and/or glomus cells. The SCG is novel target for controlling CB pathophysiology in hypertension.
Postoperative Safety Profile of Minimally Invasive Ileocolonic Resections for Crohn’s Disease in the Era of Biologic Therapy
Authors: Abd El Aziz Mohamed A , Abdalla Solafah , Calini Giacomo , Saeed Hamadelneel , Stocchi Luca , Merchea Amit , Colibaseanu Dorin T , Shawki Sherief , Larson David W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
There is controversy regarding the postoperative outcomes in Crohn’s disease [CD] patients exposed to vedolizumab [VDZ] or ustekinumab [UST]. We aimed to describe our surgical outcomes in patients who underwent minimally invasive ileocolonic resection [MIS-ICR] for CD who had preoperative biologic therapy.

Methods
All consecutive adult patients who had MIS-ICR for CD between 2014 and 2021 at our institution were included. Patients were divided into four groups: VDZ, UST, anti-tumour necrosis factor [anti-TNF], and no biologic group. Timing between the last dose of biologics and surgery was per surgeon’s discretion. The primary outcome was intra-abdominal septic complications. Secondary outcomes included all 30-day complications.

Results
A total of 274 patients were identified. Of these, 113 [41.2%] patients had received anti-TNF, 52 [19%] had received UST, and 19 [7%] had received VDZ. There was no difference between the four groups regarding baseline risk factors. There was no difference between the four groups regarding intra-abdominal septic complications [4.4% for no biologic, 5.3% for anti-TNF, 5.8% for UST, and 5.3% for VDZ; p = 0.987], surgical site infection rate, overall 30-day morbidity, overall 30-day readmission, overall surgical and medical complications, urinary tract infection, pulmonary infections, or length of stay. Those results were consistent after a subgroup analysis based on complexity of the disease.

Conclusions
This retrospective analysis demonstrates an equivalent postoperative safety profile for patients treated with preoperative anti-TNF, VDZ, or UST versus no biologic therapy within 3 months of MIS-ICR for Crohn’s disease. Preoperative biologic therapy may not increase complications after minimally invasive ileocolonic resection in Crohn’s disease. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm results.
A report of two cases of myocarditis following mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination
Authors: Bengel Christopher Paul , Kacapor Rifat 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Vaccination is the most important measure to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Myocarditis has been reported as a rare adverse reaction to COVID-19 vaccines. The clinical presentation of myocarditis in such cases can range from mild general symptoms to acute heart failure.

Case summary
We report the cases of two young men who presented with chest pain and dyspnoea following the administration of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Cardiac investigations revealed findings typical of acute myocarditis.

Discussion
Myocarditis is a rare complication following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. In this case series, the temporal proximity of the development of acute myocarditis and the administration of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was acknowledged. In the absence of other causative factors, myocarditis in these patients potentially occurred due to an adverse reaction to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. However, a causal relationship remains speculative. Clinical suspicion of myocarditis should be high if patients present with chest pain or dyspnoea after receiving COVID-19 vaccination.
The impact of gender bias in cardiothoracic surgery in Europe: a European Society of Thoracic Surgeons and European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery survey
Authors: Pompili Cecilia , Opitz Isabelle , Backhus Leah , Leschber Gunda , Veronesi Giulia , Lauk Olivia , Novoa Nuria , Daddi Niccolo’ , Deglurkar Indu , Cleuziou Julie , Emrich Anna Lena , D’Auria Francesca , Kluin Jolanda 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The European Society of Thoracic Surgeons and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery designed a questionnaire to assess the impact of gender bias on a cardiothoracic surgery career.

METHODS
A 46-item survey investigating gender bias was designed using online survey software from December 2020 to January 2021. All European Society of Thoracic Surgeons and European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery members and non-members included in the mailing lists were invited to complete an electronic survey. Descriptive statistics and a comparison between gender groups were performed.

RESULTS
Our overall response rate was 11.5% (1118/9764), of which 36.14% were women and 63.69% were men. Women were more likely to be younger than men (P &lt; 0.0001). A total of 66% of the women reported having no children compared to only 19% of the men (P &lt; 0.0001). Only 6% of women vs 22% of men were professors. More women (72%) also reported never having been a formal mentor themselves compared to men (38%, P &lt; 0.0001). A total of 35% of female respondents considered leaving surgery because of episodes of discrimination compared to 13% of men; 67% of women said that they experienced being unfairly treated due to gender discrimination. Of the male surgeons, 31% reported that they were very satisfied with their career compared to only 17% of women (P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Women in cardiothoracic surgery reported significantly high rates of experiences with bias that may prevent qualified women from advancing to positions of leadership. Efforts to mitigate bias and support the professional development of women are at the centre of newly formed European committees.
Impacts of using orthodontic appliances on the quality of life of children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vidigal Maria Tereza Campos , Mesquita Caio Melo , de Oliveira Murilo Navarro , de Andrade Vieira Walbert , Blumenberg Cauane , Nascimento Gustavo G , Pithon Matheus Melo , Paranhos Luiz Renato 
Published: January 2022

SummaryBackgroundAlthough there are previous systematic reviews about the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) impact among children and adolescents after orthodontics treatment, there is no definition for the magnitude of these impacts during the therapy.ObjectiveTo systematically analyse the literature on changes in the quality of life of children and adolescents during orthodontic treatment.LimitationsAlmost all the studies included in this review are non-randomized clinical trials, which are susceptible to several biases that affect the certainty of evidence obtained, especially by confounding factors and the lack of a control group.Conclusions and implicationsBased on very low certainty of evidence, wearing appliances does not seem to have a significant negative impact during the first year of orthodontic treatment. However, the meta-analytic results suggest that functional limitations in the first 3 months of treatment can be slightly more critical for the impact on the oral health quality of life and consequent patient adherence to treatment.FundingThis study was financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - Brazil (CNPq), and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais – Brazil (FAPEMIG).RegistrationCRD42021234407.
Zap1 is required for Candida glabrata response to fluconazole
Authors: Gaspar-Cordeiro A , Afonso G , Amaral C , da Silva S M , Pimentel C 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The increasing prevalence of fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida spp. strongly hinders the widespread use of the drug. To tackle this problem, great efforts have been made to fully understand the fungal response to fluconazole. In this work, we show that the role of Zap1 in Candida glabrata goes beyond regulating yeast adaptation to zinc deficiency. In line with our previous observation that deletion of ZAP1 makes yeast cells more sensitive to fluconazole, we found that the mutant CgΔzap1 accumulates higher levels of the drug, which correlates well with its lower levels of ergosterol. Surprisingly, Zap1 is a negative regulator of the drug efflux transporter gene CDR1 and of its regulator, PDR1. The apparent paradox of drug accumulation in cells where genes encoding transporters relevant for drug extrusion are being overexpressed led us to postulate that their activity could be impaired. In agreement, Zap1-depleted cells present, in addition to decreased ergosterol levels, an altered composition of membrane phospholipids, which together should impact membrane function and impair the detoxification of fluconazole. Overall, our study brings to light Zap1 as an important hub in Candida glabrata response to fluconazole.
Cold shock treatment alleviates chilling injury in peach fruit by regulating antioxidant capacity and membrane lipid metabolism
Authors: Ma Yuqing , Hu Shunqing , Chen Guifang , Zheng Yonghua , Jin Peng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The work intended to reveal the effect of cold shock (CS) treatment on chilling injury (CI), antioxidant capacity, and membrane fatty acid of peach fruit.

Materials and methods
Peaches were soaked in ice water (0 °C) for 10 min and stored at 5 °C for 28 days for determination, except CI, and then stored for 3 days at 20 °C, only CI was measured. The electrolyte leakage (EL) was measured by conductivity meter. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase) and key enzymes of membrane lipid metabolism (phospholipase D, lipase, and lipoxygenase) as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS; O2·– and H2O2) were measured with a spectrophotometer. An ELISA kit and gas chromatography were used to determine membrane lipids and membrane fatty acids. The relative gene expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.

Results
The results showed that CS treatment effectively delayed CI, suppressed the increase of EL and malondialdehyde content. Meanwhile, CS-treated fruit exhibited lower level of ROS and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, CS treatment inhibited the activities as well as the relative gene expression of key enzymes in membrane lipid metabolism. CS-treated fruits maintained higher membrane fatty acid unsaturation and lower phosphatidic acid content.

Conclusions
These results indicated that CS treatment effectively alleviated CI and maintained the integrity of cell membranes by inducing antioxidant-related enzyme activity and maintaining a higher ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids.
Dance Wherever You Are: The Evolution of Multimodal Delivery for Social Inclusion of Rural Older Adults
Authors: Kosurko An , Herron Rachel V , Grigorovich Alisa , Bar Rachel J , Kontos Pia , Menec Verena , Skinner Mark W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Older adult social inclusion involves meaningful participation that is increasingly mediated by information communication technology and in rural areas requires an understanding of older adults’ experiences in the context of the digital divide. This article examines how the multimodal streaming (live, prerecorded, blended in-person) of the Sharing Dance Older Adults program developed by Canada’s National Ballet School and Baycrest influenced social inclusion processes and outcomes in rural settings.

Research Design and Methods
Data were collected from on-site observations of dance sessions, research team reflections, focus groups, and interviews with older adult participants and their carers in pilot studies in the Peterborough region of Ontario and the Westman region of Manitoba, Canada (2017–2019). There were 289 participants including older adults, people living with dementia, family carers, long-term care staff, community facilitators, and volunteers. Analytic themes were framed in the context of rural older adult social exclusion.

Results
Remote delivery addressed barriers of physical distance by providing access to the arts-based program and enhancing opportunities for participation. Constraints were introduced by the use of technology in rural areas and mitigated by in-person facilitators and different streaming options. Meaningful engagement in dynamic interactions in the dance was achieved by involving local staff and volunteers in facilitation of and feedback on the program and its delivery. Different streaming technologies influenced social inclusion in different ways: live-stream enhanced connectedness, but constrained technical challenges; prerecorded was reliable, but less social; blended delivery provided options, but personalization was unsustainable.

Discussion and Implications
Understanding different participants’ experiences of different technologies will contribute to more effective remote delivery of arts-based programs with options to use technology in various contexts depending on individual and organizational capacities.
Are serum progesterone measurements truly representative for the identification of an adequate luteal phase in hormonal replacement therapy frozen embryo transfers?
Authors: Lawrenz B , Fatemi H M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Progesterone (P4) is crucial for the achievement and maintenance of a pregnancy and with rising numbers of frozen embryo transfers (FETs) performed worldwide, the search for the ‘optimal’ P4 levels in HRT FET cycles became a focus of research. Certainly, measurement of systemic P4 levels is an easy applicable tool and P4 levels, considered as being too low, could be addressed by changing and/or increasing exogenously administered P4. However, the question must be raised whether the sole measurement of systemic P4 levels is reflective for the endometrial status and the endometrial receptivity in HRT FET cycles, since systemic P4 levels do not reflect the dynamic of the endometrial changes, deemed necessary to prepare the endometrium for implantation. Moreover, different types of P4 administration routes will exhibit distinct different patterns of P4 release, affecting the process of secretory transformation and last but not least, embryonic factors are almost fully neglected in this concept. This opinion article aims to raise critical points towards the ‘sole’ focus on systemic P4 levels in HRT FET cycles and raises the question whether ‘serum P4 measurements are truly representative for the identification of an adequate luteal phase in HRT FETs’?.