bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ti6Al4V scaffolds fabricated by laser powder bed fusion with hybrid volumetric energy density
Authors: Gaur Bhanupratap , Soman Deepak , Ghyar Rupesh , Bhallamudi Ravi 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Additive manufacturing of metallic scaffolds using laser powder bed fusion is challenging because of the accumulation of extra material below overhanging and horizontal surfaces. It reduces porosity and pore size and increases the effective strut size. These challenges are normally overcome by using volumetric energy density (VED) values lower than the optimum values, which, however, results in poor physio-mechanical properties. The purpose of this study is to assist scaffold manufacturers with a novel approach to fabricate stronger yet accurate scaffolds.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a strategy for laser exposure that enables fabricating titanium-6–aluminum-4–vanedium (Ti6Al4V) alloy scaffolds with the required properties without compromising the geometric features. The process starts from computer-aided design models sliced into layers; dividing them into core (upper) and downskin (lower) layers; and fabrication using hybrid VED (low values for downskin layers and high values for core layers).

Findings
While exposing the core layers, laser remelted the downskin layers, resulting in better physio-mechanical properties (surface roughness, microhardness and density) for the whole strut without affecting its dimensional accuracy. A regression equation was developed to select the downskin thickness for a given combination of strut thickness and core VED to achieve the desired range of properties. The proposed approach was validated using microstructure analysis and compression testing.

Practical implications
This paper is expected to be valuable for the manufacturers of Ti6Al4V scaffolds, in achieving the desired properties.

Originality/value
This is probably the first time the hybrid VED approach has been applied for obtaining scaffolds with the desirable physio-mechanical and geometrical properties.
The interrelationship between intellectual capital, corporate governance and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Vo Duc Hong , Van Loan Thi Hong , Hoang Hien Thi Thu , Tran Ngoc Phu 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Intellectual capital, corporate governance (CG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are generally considered three essential pillars to enhance firms’ performance in the developed world. However, in developing countries such as Vietnam, these pillars have not received sufficient attention from practitioners. In addition, this study aims to investigate the interrelationship between these three essential pillars and their combined effects, in the Vietnamese context.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses data collected from the annual reports of the largest listed banks in Vietnam from 2011 to 2018. Intellectual capital is measured using a modified value-added intellectual coefficient model. CG is proxied by board remuneration. This study measures CSR using the ratio between charitable contributions and profit before tax. In addition, this study uses the generalized method of moments to overcome several econometric problems exhibited in previous empirical studies.

Findings
Results indicate that CG and CSR have a positive impact on intellectual capital. Intellectual capital plays a moderating role in the relationship between CG and CSR. Moreover, CG and intellectual capital in the previous year significantly affect CG in the current year.

Practical implications
Based on the findings from this study, policy implications have emerged for bank executives and policymakers in formulating and implementing policy about the balance between intellectual capital accumulation, CG and CSR.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study conducted to examine the interrelationship between intellectual capital, CG and CSR and their combined effects in emerging countries such as Vietnam.
Ecological specialization and reproductive isolation among closely related sympatric ant‐eating spiders
Authors: Pekár Stano , Ortiz David , Sentenská Lenka , Šedo Ondrej 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiological divergence results from several mechanisms. Defensive mechanisms, such as Batesian mimicry, can cause reproductive isolation via temporal segregation in foraging activity, particularly, in species that closely associate with their model. This seems to be the case of ant‐eating spiders, which can be inaccurate Batesian mimics of their prey.Here, we focused onZodarion nitidum, which has two forms occurring in sympatry, black and yellow. Given the expected noticeable impact of their colour differences on the spiders' interactions with their potential predators and prey, we investigated whether these morphotypes have diverged in other aspects of their biology.We measured the two morphotypes' phenotypic resemblance to a mimetic model, tested whether they were protected from predators, investigated their circadian activity, surveyed the prey they hunted, modelled their distributions, performed crossing experiments and estimated their degree of genetic differentiation.We found that the black morphotype is ant‐like, resemblingMessorants, and it was not distinguishable from their ant models by four potential predators. In contrast, the yellow morphotype seems to use predator avoidance as a defensive strategy. Additionally, the two morphotypes differ in their circadian activity, the yellow morphotype being nocturnal and the black one being diurnal. The two morphotypes hunt and associate with different ant prey and possess marked differences in venom composition. Finally, crossing trials showed complete pre‐mating isolation between the two morphotypes, but there was no evidence of genetic (mitochondrial data) or environmental niche differentiation.We conclude that the two morphotypes show evidence of a deep differentiation in morphological, behavioural, physiological and ecological traits that evolved together as part of the spider's diverging lifestyles.
Pollinators, pests and yield—Multiple trade‐offs from insecticide use in a mass‐flowering crop
Authors: Knapp Jessica L. , Bates Adam , Jonsson Ove , Klatt Björn , Krausl Theresia , Sahlin Ullrika , Svensson Glenn P. , Rundlöf Maj 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Multiple trade‐offs likely occur between pesticide use, pollinators and yield (via crop flowers) in pollinator‐dependent, mass‐flowering crops (MFCs), causing potential conflict between conservation and agronomic goals. To date, no studies have looked at both outcomes within the same system, meaning win‐win solutions for pollinators and yield can only be inferred.

Here, we outline a new framework to explore these trade‐offs, using red clover (Trifolium pratense) grown for seed production as an example. Specifically, we address how the insecticide thiacloprid affects densities of seed‐eating weevils (Protapion spp.), pollination rates, yield, floral resources and colony dynamics of the key pollinator, Bombus terrestris.

Thiacloprid did not affect the amount of nectar provided by, or pollinator visitation to, red clover flowers but did reduce weevil density, correlating to increased yield and gross profit. In addition, colonies of B. terrestris significantly increased their weight and reproductive output in landscapes with (compared with without) red clover, regardless of insecticide use.

Synthesis and applications. We propose a holistic conceptual framework to explore trade‐offs between pollinators, pesticides and yield that we believe to be essential for achieving conservation and agronomic goals. This framework applies to all insecticide‐treated mass‐flowering crops (MFCs) and can be adapted to include other ecological processes. Trialling the framework in our study system, we found that our focal insecticide, thiacloprid, improved red clover seed yield with no detected effects on its key pollinator, B. terrestris, and that the presence of red clover in the landscape can benefit pollinator populations.
Subclinical hypothyroidism and antithyroid autoantibodies in women with subfertility or recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Dhillon‐Smith Rima K. , Boelaert Kristien , Jeve Yadava B. , Maheshwari Abha , Coomarasamy Arri ,   Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
Published: June 2022

Plain language summaryThe thyroid is a gland located in the neck and is important for many processes in the body. Problems with the thyroid gland are common in women of reproductive age. It is essential to have a normal working thyroid gland in order to achieve a successful pregnancy. One of the most common problems with the thyroid is underactivity (known as hypothyroidism). An early, mild form of an underactive thyroid is called subclinical hypothyroidism. Often people with this condition do not have any symptoms. Another common problem is thyroid autoimmunity. Here, the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, sometimes leading to the development of abnormal thyroid function. This can be diagnosed by the presence of proteins in the bloodstream called antibodies.Mild thyroid problems and the presence of high levels of thyroid antibodies have been linked to miscarriage and premature birth. There is debate in medicine about whether there should be routine testing of thyroid function both in the general population and in individuals who are trying for a baby. In addition, the strategies used to manage certain thyroid problems are questioned. Discussions around testing and subsequent management particularly relate to women with a history of subfertility or repeated miscarriages.This Scientific Impact Paper provides information on thyroid testing and the management of mild thyroid problems and thyroid antibodies in women with a history of subfertility or recurrent miscarriages, using the latest evidence and guidelines. It concludes that there may be a role for treating these women with thyroxine tablets (the hormone produced by the thyroid gland) when subclinical hypothyroidism is present, and gives guidance on the cut‐off levels for treatment.
The Presence 5 for Racial Justice Framework for anti‐racist communication with Black patients
Authors: Brown‐Johnson Cati , Cox Joy , Shankar Megha , Baratta Juliana , De Leon Gisselle , Garcia Raquel , Hollis Taylor , Verano Mae , Henderson Kelsey , Upchurch Mauranda , Safaeinili Nadia , Shaw Jonathan Glazer , Fortuna Robert J. , Beverly Clyde , Walsh Meredith , Somerville Carlie Stein , Haverfield Marie , Israni Sonoo Thadaney , Verghese Abraham , Zulman Donna M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify communication practices that clinicians can use to address racism faced by Black patients, build trusting relationships, and empower Black individuals in clinical care.Data SourcesQualitative data (N = 112 participants, August 2020–March 2021) collected in partnership with clinics primarily serving Black patients in Leeds, AL; Memphis, TN; Oakland, CA; and Rochester, NY.Study DesignThis multi‐phased project was informed by human‐centered design thinking and community‐based participatory research principles. We mapped emergent communication and trust‐building strategies to domains from the Presence 5 framework for fostering meaningful connection in clinical care.Data Collection MethodsInterviews and focus group discussions explored anti‐racist communication and patient–clinician trust (n = 36 Black patients; n = 40 nonmedical professionals; and n = 24 clinicians of various races and ethnicities). The Presence 5 Virtual National Community Advisory Board guided analysis interpretation.Principal FindingsThe emergent Presence 5 for Racial Justice (P5RJ) practices include: (1) Prepare with intention by reflecting on identity, bias, and power dynamics; and creating structures to address bias and structural determinants of health; (2) Listen intently and completely without interruption and listen deeply for the potential impact of anti‐Black racism on patient health and interactions with health care; (3) Agree on what matters most by having explicit conversations about patient goals, treatment comfort and consent, and referral planning; (4) Connect with the patient's story, acknowledging socioeconomic factors influencing patient health and focusing on positive efforts; (5) Explore emotional cues by noticing and naming patient emotions, and considering how experiences with racism might influence emotions.ConclusionP5RJ provides a framework with actionable communication practices to address pervasive racism experienced by Black patients. Effective implementation necessitates clinician self‐reflection, personal commitment, and institutional support that offers time and resources to elicit a patient's story and to address patient needs.
Heat‐ and shear‐reversible networks in food: A review
Authors: Kierulf Arkaye V. , Whaley Judith K. , Liu Weichang , Smoot James T. , Jenab Ehsan , Perez Herrera Mariana , Abbaspourrad Alireza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile nature behaves like an irreversible network with respect to entropy and time, certain systems in nature exist that are, to some extent, reversible. The property of reversibility imparts unique benefits to systems that possess them, making them suitable for designing self‐healing, stimuli‐responsive, and smart materials that can be used in widely divergent fields. Reversible networks are currently being exploited for applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and soft robotics. They are also being utilized as low‐calorie fat mimetics with melt‐in‐your‐mouth textures, as well as being explored as potential scaffolds for three‐dimensional (3D) printable food, among other applications. This review aims to gather representative examples of heat‐ and shear‐reversible networks in the food science literature from the last 30 or so years, in other words, reversible food gels made either from linear biopolymers or from colloidal, particulate dispersions, including those that have been modified specifically to induce reversibility. An overview of the network mechanisms involved that impart reversibility, including a discussion of the strength and range of forces involved, will be highlighted. A model that explains why certain networks are thermoreversible while others are shear‐reversible, and why others are both, will also be proposed. A fundamental understanding of these mechanisms will prove invaluable when designing reversible networks in the future, making possible the precise control of their properties, thus fostering innovative applications within the food industry and beyond.
The effects of acute alcohol administration on circulating endocannabinoid levels in humans
Authors: Sloan Matthew E. , Grant Caroline W. , Stangl Bethany L. , Klepp Timothy D. , Brewton Honoree W. , Cinar Resat , Kunos George , Ramchandani Vijay A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence suggest that endocannabinoid signalling may influence alcohol consumption. Preclinical studies have found that pharmacological blockade of cannabinoid receptor 1 leads to reductions in alcohol intake. Furthermore, variations in endocannabinoid metabolism between individuals may be associated with the presence and severity of alcohol use disorder. However, little is known about the acute effects of alcohol on the endocannabinoid system in humans. In this study, we evaluated the effect of acute alcohol administration on circulating endocannabinoid levels by analysing data from two highly‐controlled alcohol administration experiments. In the first within‐subjects experiment, 47 healthy participants were randomized to receive alcohol and placebo in a counterbalanced order. Alcohol was administered using an intravenous clamping procedure such that each participant attained a nearly identical breath alcohol concentration of 0.05%, maintained over 3 h. In the second experiment, 23 healthy participants self‐administered alcohol intravenously; participants had control over their exposure throughout the paradigm. In both experiments, circulating concentrations of two endocannabinoids, N‐arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG), were measured at baseline and following alcohol exposure. During the intravenous clamping procedure, acute alcohol administration reduced circulating AEA but not 2‐AG levels when compared to placebo. This finding was confirmed in the self‐administration paradigm, where alcohol reduced AEA levels in an exposure‐dependent manner. Future studies should seek to determine whether alcohol administration has similar effects on brain endocannabinoid signalling. An improved understanding of the bidirectional relationship between endocannabinoid signalling and alcohol intake may deepen our understanding of the aetiology and repercussions of alcohol use disorder.
Memory Justice in Ordinary Urban Spaces: The Politics of Remembering and Forgetting in aPost‐ApartheidNeighbourhood
Authors: Anderson Molly , Daya Shari 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFrom 1950 onwards, under the apartheid regime’s Group Areas Act, hundreds of thousands of people were forced to leave their homes across South Africa’s cities. While the removals from some areas, notably District Six in Cape Town, are well documented and memorialised, many others have largely been erased from public memory. In a context of burgeoning research into issues of spatial justice in Southern cities, this paper puts forward the argument that the concepts and practice of memory and memorialising in urban spaces deserve more attention. Specifically, we suggest that the relationships between space and memory, shaped by collective, public acts of remembering and forgetting, can expand our understanding of what constitutes spatial justice in our cities. Reflecting on a research project conducted in Lower Claremont, a racially mixed, middle‐class suburb in Cape Town that was declared White in 1969 and subsequently dubbed Harfield Village, we explore some of the ways in which remembering and forgetting take place on the urban scale, and their implications for imagining just cities. We ask, too, what possibilities exist for active remembering in this place and in similarly ordinary city spaces. Analysing oral histories from former residents and interviews with current occupants of the neighbourhood, we open up some of the complications in surfacing forgotten stories and creating landscapes of memory. In the final section of the paper we reflect on an art installation that formed part of the research project, and suggest some possibilities for active memory work in our urban spaces.
Robot‐assisted anterior resection for rectal cancer with double inferior vena cava: A case report
Authors: Sato Fumikazu , Kotake Masanori , Ida Asaka , Hashimoto Masashi , Saito Hiroshi , Sawada Koichiro , Oshima Masahiro , Hada Masahiro , Kato Yosuke , Oyama Kaeko , Hara Takuo , Inaki Noriyuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDouble inferior vena cava (DIVC) is a rare but generally asymptomatic condition that is often detected incidentally by radiological examinations such as computed tomography (CT). Here, we describe the case of a 73‐year‐old woman with DIVC, who underwent robot‐assisted surgery (RS) for rectal cancer. In this case, 3D CT angiography showed DIVC with an interiliac vein from the left common iliac vein and a tortuous aorta. Intraoperatively, we identified the presence of the left IVC in addition to the inferior mesenteric vein, gonadal vein, and ureter, which require meticulous attention during vascular processing. By optimizing the port placement, we were able to ensure mobility of the robotic arm and sufficient field of view to safely perform a robot‐assisted anterior resection with lymph node dissection. Careful preoperative assessment and development of a strategy for port placement using CT imaging are essential in avoiding iatrogenic injury and performing safe RS.
Using the behaviour change wheel approach to optimize self‐sampling packs for sexually transmitted infection and blood borne viruses
Authors: Flowers Paul , Vojt Gabriele , Pothoulaki Maria , Mapp Fiona , Woode Owusu Melvina , Cassell Jackie A. , Estcourt Claudia , Saunders John 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeThis paper describes the process of optimizing a widely offered intervention—self‐sampling packs for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and blood borne viruses (BBVs). We drew upon the behaviour change wheel (BCW) approach, incorporating the theoretical domains framework (TDF) and the behaviour change technique taxonomy (BCTTv1) to systematically specify potential intervention components that may optimize the packs.MethodsA BCW analysis built upon prior thematic analyses of qualitative data collected through focus groups and interviews with members of the public and people recruited from sexual health clinics in Glasgow and London (n = 56). Salient barriers and facilitators to specific sequential behavioural domains associated with the wider behavioural system of pack use were subjected to further analyses, coding them in relation to the TDF, the BCW's intervention functions, and finally specifying potential optimisation using behaviour change techniques (BCTs).ResultsOur TDF analysis suggested that across the overall behavioural system of pack use, the most important theoretical domains were ‘beliefs about consequences’ and ‘memory, attention and decision‐making’. BCW analysis on the overall pack suggested useful intervention functions should focus on ‘environmental restructuring’, ‘persuasion’, ‘enablement’, ‘education’ and ‘modelling’. Specific ways of optimizing the intervention were also described in relation to potentially useful BCTs.ConclusionsThrough a detailed behavioural analysis and the TDF and wider BCW approach built on earlier qualitative work, we provide a systematic approach to optimizing an existing intervention. The approach enabled the specification of highly specific, evidence‐based, and theoretically informed recommendations for intervention optimization.
Reconsidering the mechanisms of action of PARP inhibitors based on clinical outcomes
Authors: Onji Hiroshi , Murai Junko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPARP inhibitors (PARPis) were initially developed as DNA repair inhibitors that inhibit the catalytic activity of PARP1 and PARP2 and are expected to induce synthetic lethality in BRCA‐ or homologous recombination (HR)‐deficient tumors. However, the clinical indications for PARPis are not necessarily limited to BRCA mutations or HR deficiency; BRCA wild‐type and HR‐proficient cancers can also derive some benefit from PARPis. These facts are interpretable by an additional primary antitumor mechanism of PARPis named PARP trapping, resulting from the stabilization of PARP‐DNA complexes. Favorable response to platinum derivatives (cisplatin and carboplatin) in preceding treatment is used as a clinical biomarker for some PARPis, implying that sensitivity factors for platinum derivatives and PARPis are mainly common. Such common sensitivity factors include not only HR defects (HRD) but also additional factors. One of them is Schlafen 11 (SLFN11), a putative DNA/RNA helicase, that sensitizes cancer cells to a broad type of DNA‐damaging agents, including platinum and topoisomerase inhibitors. Mechanistically, SLFN11 induces a lethal replication block in response to replication stress (ie, DNA damage). As SLFN11 acts upon replication stress, trapping PARPis can activate SLFN11. Preclinical models show the importance of SLFN11 in PARPi sensitivity. However, the relevance of SLFN11 in PARPi response is less evident in clinical data compared with the significance of SLFN11 for platinum sensitivity. In this review, we consider the reasons for variable indications of PARPis resulting from clinical outcomes and review the mechanisms of action for PARPis as anticancer agents.