bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Clinical and Biomechanical Comparison of INFIX Plus Single Versus Double Sacroiliac Screw Fixation for Unstable Pelvic Ring Injury
Authors: Chen Hongfen , Ding Chao , Liu Yongqiang , Kong Zhen , Huang Feng , Yang Shaozheng , Li Heng , Guo Qingxiang , Yang Yuehua , Zhong Hua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study is to compare the clinical and biomechanical outcome of INFIX plus single with two sacroiliac screw fixation for unstable pelvic fractures of Type C.
Methods
Sixteen cadavers were randomly subjected to INFIX plus single or double sacroiliac screw fixations, and then mounted onto the Electroforce loading machine under different vertical load. To investigate the clinical outcomes of the two techniques, Nineteen patients were retrospectively analyzed. The main outcome measures were postoperative radiographic reduction grading (using the Tornetta and Matta grading system), functional outcome (using the Majeed scoring system), and incidence of complications.
Results
In the biomechanical study, INFIX plus double sacroiliac screw fixation showed better biomechanical stability than fixation with a single sacroiliac screw (p < 0.05). In our clinical case-series, all 19 patients had bony union 6 months after the operation. INFIX plus double sacroiliac screw fixation also demonstrated a better functional outcome and a higher radiographic satisfactory rate than INFIX plus single sacroiliac screw fixation (79.25±5.47; 91.33±4.97; p<0.05), ( 77.78% vs. 60%; p = 0.05). One patient in INFIX plus single screw fixation group had screw loosening at follow-up 6 months postoperatively. One case in each group suffered heterotopic ossification and the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve paralysis, and one patient suffered from infection.
Conclusion
INFIX plus double sacroiliac screw fixation demonstrated more stability in cadaveric biomechanical analysis and better clinical outcomes than INFIX plus single sacroiliac screw fixation.
Lessons from Animal Culling during Human Pandemics: Is Vaccination a Viable Option for Animals?
Authors: Leung Karen K.Y. , Hon Kam Lun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Animal reservoirs for respiratory and coronavirus have been major health concerns. Zoonosis
due to coronavirus involves bats, civet cat, camels, pangolins and now the minks. In the
same vein, influenza pandemics occur when a new strain of the influenza virus is transmitted to
humans from another animal species. Species thought to be of particular importance in the emergence
of new human influenza strains are swine and poultry and these hosts are often culled during
epidemics or pandemics. It is often too easy for humans to forget that millions of animals can die or
be slaughtered in human pandemics, including the recent cull of minks in Europe and chickens in
Asia. To co-exist with nature in a sustainable way, we must respect our animals by ensuring their
welfare and immunizing them against pathogens where possible. Zoonotic diseases are here to stay
and will continue to cause major epidemics and pandemics. The other side of the coin is that reverse
zoonosis can also have devastating effects on animal populations if pandemics are not effectively
prevented and controlled. Unfortunately, none of the COVID-19 vaccines in production are set
aside to save the minks. We advocate that animals be immunized to save human lives.
System for Context-Specific Visualization of Clinical Practice Guidelines (GuLiNav): Concept and Software Implementation
Authors: Fortmann Jonas , Lutz Marlene , Spreckelsen Cord 
Published: March 2022

Background
Clinical decision support systems often adopt and operationalize existing clinical practice guidelines leading to higher guideline availability, increased guideline adherence, and data integration. Most of these systems use an internal state-based model of a clinical practice guideline to derive recommendations but do not provide the user with comprehensive insight into the model.

Objective
Here we present a novel approach based on dynamic guideline visualization that incorporates the individual patient’s current treatment context.

Methods
We derived multiple requirements to be fulfilled by such an enhanced guideline visualization. Using business process and model notation as the representation format for computer-interpretable guidelines, a combination of graph-based representation and logical inferences is adopted for guideline processing. A context-specific guideline visualization is inferred using a business rules engine.

Results
We implemented and piloted an algorithmic approach for guideline interpretation and processing. As a result of this interpretation, a context-specific guideline is derived and visualized. Our implementation can be used as a software library but also provides a representational state transfer interface. Spring, Camunda, and Drools served as the main frameworks for implementation. A formative usability evaluation of a demonstrator tool that uses the visualization yielded high acceptance among clinicians.

Conclusions
The novel guideline processing and visualization concept proved to be technically feasible. The approach addresses known problems of guideline-based clinical decision support systems. Further research is necessary to evaluate the applicability of the approach in specific medical use cases.
The Role of Agency and Threat Immediacy in Interactive Digital Narrative Fear Appeals for the Prevention of Excessive Alcohol Use: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Engelbrecht Hendrik , van der Laan Laura Nynke , van Enschot Renske , Krahmer Emiel 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundSerious games for the training of prevention behaviors have been widely recognized as potentially valuable tools for adolescents and young adults across a variety of risk behaviors. However, the role of agency as a distinguishing factor from traditional health interventions has seldom been isolated and grounded in the persuasive health communication theory. Fear appeals have different effects on intentions to perform prevention behaviors depending on the immediacy of the consequences. Looking into how to increase self-efficacy beliefs for health behavior with distant consequences is the first step toward improving game-based interventions for adverse health outcomes.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of agency on self-efficacy and the intention to drink less alcohol in an interactive digital narrative fear appeal. Furthermore, the communicated immediacy of threat outcomes was evaluated as a potential moderator of the effect of agency on self-efficacy.MethodsA web-based experimental study was conducted with university students (N=178). The participants were presented with a fear appeal outlining the consequences of excessive alcohol use in a fully automated web-based interactive narrative. Participants either had perceived control over the outcome of the narrative scenario (high agency) or no control over the outcome (low agency). The threat was either framed as a short-term (high immediacy) or long-term (low immediacy) negative health outcome resulting from the execution of the risk behavior (drinking too much alcohol).ResultsA total of 123 valid cases were analyzed. Self-efficacy and intention to limit alcohol intake were not influenced by the agency manipulation. Self-efficacy was shown to be a significant predictor of behavioral intention. The immediacy of the threat did not moderate the relationship between agency and self-efficacy.ConclusionsAlthough agency manipulation was successful, we could not find evidence of an effect of agency or threat immediacy on self-efficacy. The implications for different operationalizations of different agency concepts, as well as the malleability of self-efficacy beliefs for long-term threats, are discussed. The use of repeated versus single interventions and different threat types (eg, health and social threats) should be tested empirically to establish a way forward for diversifying intervention approaches.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05321238; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05321238
Gamification in Diplomacy Studies as an Effective Tool for Knowledge Transfer: Questionnaire Study
Authors: Cercel Mihai Ovidiu 
Published: March 2022

Background
Graduate education in modern diplomacy poses several challenges, as it requires several competencies to be developed before diplomatic service is joined. Incorporation of simulation games can have a positive impact on the design of international relations and diplomacy learning process. We have designed a novel role play game (MAEDRI) to simulate part of the activities of a typical Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of MAEDRI in transferring knowledge in international relations education programs at the National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Bucharest, Romania, across a 4-year period.

Methods
The game enrolled master’s level graduate students. The data were collected through a voluntary and anonymous questionnaire between 2017 and 2020. At the end of each of the 4 editions we organized debriefing sessions that gave students the opportunity to provide feedback on their experience with this exercise, level of collaboration within the team, lessons learned, and to make suggestions for improvements. Using an online questionnaire, we measured the participants’ perception regarding the level of effectiveness in increasing knowledge transfer, motivation, and engagement. Questionnaire data were consolidated in percentages for each item.

Results
A total of 49 participants completed the study. A total of 24 skills (13 professional and 11 social skills) were assessed. We identified a strong positive correlation between stress management and conflict management (r=.86; P<.001) as well as significantly positive correlations between building relations within the team and the ability to dialog and be persuasive (r=.7; P<.001), between procedure compliance and planning and organizing the work (r=.69; P<.001), and between analysis capacity and decision based on data received (r=.68; P<.001). Among social skills, self-control, confidence, and flexibility were the most substantially improved.

Conclusions
We describe several benefits of a novel game, used as an education tool to enhance a series of competencies necessary in international relations studies. Our results demonstrate a significant level of student engagement and motivation while playing MAEDRI, improvement of several essential skills, and enhanced knowledge transfer to real-life situations. While the data are encouraging, further research is needed to evaluate the full impact of role play as an effective experiential learning method.
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF POLYHERBAL FACE CREAM
Authors: SHIVATHAYA NEHA , SURVE RASHMI , SAWANT RESHMA , KHOT SUSHANT , BIRADAR KISHOR , VERMA RUCHIKA , GORAV ANNAPURNA 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The aim of the present research work was to formulate and evaluate polyherbal face cream using ethanolic extracts of Aloe Vera gel, Neem, Turmeric and Mint.
Methods: Extraction was done by the cold maceration technique. The cream was prepared by using the slab technique for homogeneous mixing of all the excipients and the herbal extracts. Three formulations of Oil in Water (O/W) type herbal cream were developed, namely F1, F2, and F3.
Results: All the formulations were evaluated for various physical characteristics viz. pH 6.1-6.3, Spreadability 5-7.5gcm/sec, Viscosity 591-638 Cps, Extrudibility 2564-5102 g/cm2, good appearance and no phase separation was observed. Based on the results, F1 was found to be an optimized formulation with a smooth texture, good spreadability, extrudability and adequate viscosity. Stability studies as per ICH (International Council on Harmonisation) guidelines, revealed that the optimized formulation was stable at 25 °C±1 °C and 6% RH.
Conclusion: Based on the results and discussion, the prepared formulations were found to be yellow in colour with a pleasant odour and smooth texture. All the formulations had almost constant pH, homogenous, emollient and non-greasy. As single plant extract possibly cannot increase the extent of efficiency of medicinal and cosmetic property compared to polyherbal plant extract. Considering that, we mixed polyherbal extracts to improve the cosmetic properties of the prepared polyherbal face cream. Hence it can be concluded that the cream was stable and can be safely used topically.
Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Prospective Cohort Study of 120,343 UK Biobank Participants
Authors: Gao Min , Jebb Susan A. , Aveyard Paul , Ambrosini Gina L. , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Papier Keren , Carter Jennifer , Piernas Carmen 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE
To identify dietary patterns (DPs) characterized by a set of nutrients of concern and their association with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 120,343 participants from the U.K. Biobank study with at least two 24 h dietary assessments were studied. Reduced rank regression was used to derive DPs explaining variability in energy density, free sugars, saturated fat, and fiber intakes. We investigated prospective associations with T2D using Cox proportional hazard models.

RESULTS
Over 8.4 years of follow-up from the latest dietary assessment, 2,878 participants developed T2D. Two DPs were identified that jointly explained a total of 63% variation in four nutrients. DP1 was characterized by high intakes of chocolate and confectionery, butter, low-fiber bread, and sugars and preserves, and low intakes of fruits and vegetables. DP1 was linearly associated with T2D in multivariable models without BMI adjustment (per z score, hazard ratio [HR] 1.11 [95% CI 1.08–1.14]) and after BMI adjustment (HR 1.09 [95% CI 1.06–1.12]). DP2 was characterized by high intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juice, table sugars and preserves, and low intakes of high-fat cheese and butter, but showed no clear association with T2D. There were significant interactions between both DPs and age, with increased risks among younger people in DP1 (HR 1.13 [95% CI 1.09–1.18]) and DP2 (HR 1.10 [95% CI 1.05–1.15]), as well as with DP1 and BMI, with increased risks among people with obesity (HR 1.11 [95% CI 1.07–1.16]).

CONCLUSIONS
A DP characterized by high intakes of chocolate and confectionery, butter, low-fiber bread, and added sugars, and low in fresh fruits and vegetables intake is associated with a higher incidence of T2D, particularly among younger people and those with obesity.
Evaluation of Biochemical Test Results in Patients with COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Stamouli Marilena , Kougioumtzidou Sofia , Mourtzikou Antonia , Korre Antonia , Kalliora Georgia , Koumpouros Panagiotis , Tsesmeli Maria , Mpourtsala Vasiliki , Skliris Anastasios , Stergiou Christos 
Published: March 2022

Background: The current pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 virus, affected the health care systems, health services and economy globally. Moreover, it significantly affected the health of the population worldwide. Mortality and morbidity rates are still increasing. According to WHO, as of September 2021 there have been 224180869 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 4621173 deaths. USA, India, and Brazil are the three world's worst-hit countries. In Greece the mortality rate is at 3%.
Methods: Study population included 565 patients, who were admitted at the Emergency Department and the Pathology Department of Naval and Veterans Hospital, Athens, Greece, during a period of 3,5 months. Patients’ demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, travel history, symptoms, aetiology of admission and history of contact with confirmed cases were recorded. All patients included to the study were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and characterized as COVID-19 patients. All statistical analyses were conducted using MINITAB 17.
Results: Statistically significant differences in the results of albumin (marginal p-value), urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, and LDH between hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients were detected. Also, we observed statistically significant differences in the results of albumin, urea, creatinine, and ALT, between male and female patients. Moreover, patient age was statistically significant between male and female patients. The Logistic regression model of hospitalization show that statistically significant variables are ALT, LDH, age and gender.
Conclusions: The rapid spreading of the new COVID-19 pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 increased the need for the measurement of biochemical tests and the evaluation of their correlation with patient hospitalization. Biochemical monitoring of COVID-19 patients is critical for assessing disease severity and progression as well as monitoring therapeutic intervention. Several common biochemical tests have been implicated in COVID-19 infection progression, providing important prognostic information. In the present study we evaluated the test results of albumin, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, LDH and total bilirubin in patients with COVID-19 infection..
The Impact of Force Paradigm Shift in Teaching and Learning Higher Education in Nepal: A Study on Behavior Perspective
Authors: Kunwar Rajendra , Shrestha Amrit K. , Phuyal Shyam P. 
Published: March 2022

The spread of the Corona virus compelled each education institution to shift from face-to-face mode to online mode at a faster rate. This forceful paradigm shift to the online mode of instruction was felt as a sudden change mostly for the developing country like Nepal where the online mode of teaching and learning was novel practice for the people. This study mainly focuses on the impact of the paradigm shift to the online mode of teaching and learning in higher education institutions (HEIs) and explores the existing situation of implementing online education. It was based on descriptive analysis technique with the systematic review of the related literature, observations of the online activities on the related field and discussions to the different stakeholders of the HEIs about the implementation of online mode of teaching and learning and, the self-experience of online mode. In this study, the major impacts due to force paradigm shift to online mode are concluded as access to quality education, social inequalities, technology adaption, and emotional wellbeing; accelerate change, high dropout, and laboratory work and assessment. These all impacts are considered as the consequences of the inadequacy and inaccessibility of the physical and human resources, geo-sociological condition of the learner, low proficiency of technical knowledge, low motivation and technical difficulties regarding curriculum, etc. The response towards the implementation of online education was found mixed. The study recommends supporting the teachers and students for the effective implementation of online teaching and learning. Similarly, it recommends providing the best alternatives to access education for remote and disadvantaged learner and the curriculum should be reintroduced so as to feet for online learning pedagogy.
Aynalıkavak Kasrı Duvar Yazılarına Yansıyan Osmanlı - İran Rekabeti
Authors: KAHRAMAN Kemal 
Published: March 2022

Aynalıkavak Kasrı, İstanbul’da, Batılıların Altın Boynuz dediği Haliç’te bir zamanlar Tersane Sarayı adı verilen yapı topluluğundan günümüze kalan küçük fakat özgün bir binadır. Geniş bahçesiyle birlikte halen Milli Saraylar uhdesinde bulunmaktadır. Kasrın Okmeydanı tarafına açılan bahçe kapısındaki kitabe ve kasrın içinde duvarları süsleyen yazılar, mimari özellikleriyle birlikte büyük önem taşımaktadır. Son demlerini yaşayan klasik Osmanlı mimarisi burada klasik Osmanlı şiiri ve hat sanatıyla buluşmaktadır. Yazımız bu buluşmadan yola çıkarak, söz konusu yazılarda görülen Osmanlı - İran hanedanları arasındaki tarihi rekabette odaklanmaktadır.
Birinci bölümde Aynalıkavak Kasrı, tarihi ve yazılarıyla ilgili bir değerlendirme yapılmaktadır. İkinci bölümde aynı dönemde siyasi, dini ve kültürel bağlamda yoğun bir şekilde yaşanan Osmanlı İran rekabeti ana hatlarıyla ortaya konmaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde bu rekabetin Aynalıkavak duvarlarındaki yazılara ve şiirlere yansıması ele alınmaktadır. Son bölümde şiirlerin asıllarına ve sadeleştirdiğimiz metinlere yer verilmektedir.
Kral VI. (1.) James Döneminde İskoçya'da ve İngiltere'de Cadı Avı
Authors: YİĞİT Dilek 
Published: March 2022

Kral VI(I). James 1567'de Kraliçe Mary Stuart'ın tahttan çekilmesi sonrası İskoçya tahtına, 1603’de Kraliçe I.Elizabeth'in vefatından sonra İngiltere tahtına çıkmıştır. İngiltere'de Stuart hanedanlığının ilk monarkı olan VI(I). James cadılık meselesine ve cadı avına olan ilgisi nedeniyle “cadı avcısı kral” olarak tarihe iz bırakmıştır. Cadılığın doğaüstü ve kötücül doğasına inanan Kral James cadılık üzerine Daemonologie adlı eseri bizzat kaleme almış, hatta Shakespeare'in Macbeth’ine ilham kaynağı olmuştur. 14. yüzyıldan 17. yüzyıla kadar olan dönemde Avrupa’da cadı avı yaygın olduğundan, VI(I). James döneminde İskoçya’da ve İngiltere'deki cadı avı Avrupa tarihi açısından istisnai bir örnek değildir. Ancak James döneminde İskoçya’da ve İngiltere'de yürütülen cadı avının arkasında, Kıta Avrupası’nda olduğu gibi dini koşulların yanı sıra, kralın cadı avına ilgi duymasına sebep olan kişisel nedenler de yatmaktadır.
Bu makalenin amacı Kral VI(I). James'in İskoçya’da ve İngiltere'de yürüttüğü cadı avının nedenlerine James’in, dönemin dini koşullarından da kaynaklanan, kişisel deneyimleri düzeyinde ışık tutmaktır.
Verifikasi Dosis Radiasi Teknik Penyinaran 3D-CRT pada Pasien Kanker Payudara Menggunakan Film EBT3 di Rumah Sakit UNAND
Authors: Wessha Andrea , Milvita Dian , Ilyas Muhammad 
Published: March 2022

Verifikasi dosis radiasi teknik penyinaran Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy Â (3D-CRT) pada pasien kanker payudara telah dilakukan menggunakan film EBT3. Verifikasi dosis radiasi dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Universitas Andalas selama Agustus sampai September 2020. Pengukuran dosis radiasi menggunakan film EBT3 dilakukan untuk memverifikasi dosis radiasi terukur dengan Treatment Planning System (TPS) berdasarkan protokol International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Technical Report Series (TRS) 398. Nilai dosis radiasi terukur diamati pada setiap lapangan penyinaran yaitu chest-wall dan supraclave. Verifikasi dosis radiasi dari penyinaran dosis radiasi yang terukur menggunakan film EBT3 mendapatkan nilai dosis radiasi yang lebih tinggi dari dosis radiasi TPS. Nilai dari pengukuran dosis radiasi menunjukkan dosis radiasi terukur pada lapangan penyinaran chest-wall cenderung tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan dosis radiasi terukur pada lapangan penyinaran supraclave. Hasil pengukuran dosis radiasi yang tinggi pada lapangan penyinaran chest-wall disebabkan adanya penggunaan bolus. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran dosis radiasi tersebut verifikasi dosis radiasi berdasarkan TRS 398 tidak terpenuhi. Diskrepansi dosis radiasi terukur pada setiap pengukuran melebihi standar toleransi TRS 398 yaitu (0-5)%Â Dose verification of Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT) for breast cancer patient has been conducted using film EBT3. The dose radiation had been verificated in Andalas University Hospital from August to September in 2020. Dose radiation measurement using film EBT3 has been verified the dose radiation of Treatment Planning System (TPS) based on International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Technical Report Series (TRS) 398. The measurable of dose radiation has been observed for chest-wall and supraclave. It was shown that the value of measurable dose radiation is higher than dose radiation in the TPS. The value of dose radiation measurement between chest-wall and supraclave showed different pattern. Measurable dose radiation on Chest-wall is tend to higher value than on supraclave. This pattern is may be due to that radiation treatment on chest-wall was using bolus. Furthermore, the dose radiation discrepancy using film EBT3 exceed the standard limitation base on TRS 398. Thus, the dose verification using film EBT3 is not properly enough for breast cancer patient.