bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Customizing the extracellular vesicles release and effect by strategizing surface functionalization of titanium
Authors: Antich-Rosselló Miquel , Forteza-Genestra Maria Antònia , Calvo Javier , Gayà Antoni , Monjo Marta , Ramis Joana Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetallic material functionalization with Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) is a desirable therapeutic approach to improve regenerative procedures. Among the different functionalization strategies available, here we have compared drop casting on machined Ti surfaces, drop casting on nanostructured TiO2 surfaces and polymeric entrapment with polydopamine. EVs are a heterogeneous population of communication nanovesicles released by cells that are being intensively investigated for their use in therapeutics. We have selected platelet derived EVs for Ti surface coating due to their demonstrated osteoinductive properties. Our results show that each functionalization strategy leads to differences in the size of EV populations attached to and released from the metallic implants, which, in turn, leads to variations in their osteogenic capability measured through alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. In conclusion, the functionalization strategy used has an important effect on the resulting implant functionality, probably due to the heterogeneous EVs nature. Thus, the methodological approach to metallic material functionalization should be carefully chosen when working with extracellular vesicles in order to obtain the desired therapeutic application.
Longitudinal MRI-visible perivascular space (PVS) changes with long-duration spaceflight
Authors: Hupfeld Kathleen E. , Richmond Sutton B. , McGregor Heather R. , Schwartz Daniel L. , Luther Madison N. , Beltran Nichole E. , Kofman Igor S. , De Dios Yiri E. , Riascos Roy F. , Wood Scott J. , Bloomberg Jacob J. , Mulavara Ajitkumar P. , Silbert Lisa C. , Iliff Jeffrey J. , Seidler Rachael D. , Piantino Juan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHumans are exposed to extreme environmental stressors during spaceflight and return with alterations in brain structure and shifts in intracranial fluids. To date, no studies have evaluated the effects of spaceflight on perivascular spaces (PVSs) within the brain, which are believed to facilitate fluid drainage and brain homeostasis. Here, we examined how the number and morphology of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible PVSs are affected by spaceflight, including prior spaceflight experience. Fifteen astronauts underwent sixT1-weighted 3 T MRI scans, twice prior to launch and four times following their return to Earth after ~ 6-month missions to the International Space Station. White matter MRI-visible PVS number and morphology were calculated using an established, automated segmentation algorithm. We validated our automated segmentation algorithm by comparing algorithm PVS counts with those identified by two trained raters in 50 randomly selected slices from this cohort; the automated algorithm performed similarly to visual ratings (r(48) = 0.77,p < 0.001). In addition, we found high reliability for four of five PVS metrics across the two pre-flight time points and across the four control time points (ICC(3,k) > 0.50). Among the astronaut cohort, we found that novice astronauts showed an increase in total PVS volume from pre- to post-flight, whereas experienced crewmembers did not (p = 0.020), suggesting that experienced astronauts may exhibit holdover effects from prior spaceflight(s). Greater pre-flight PVS load was associated with more prior flight experience (r = 0.60–0.71), though these relationships did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Pre- to post-flight changes in ventricular volume were not significantly associated with changes in PVS characteristics, and the presence of spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) was not associated with PVS number or morphology. Together, these findings demonstrate that PVSs can be consistently identified onT1-weighted MRI scans, and that spaceflight is associated with PVS changes. Specifically, prior spaceflight experience may be an important factor in determining PVS characteristics.
Cross-seeding between Aβ and SEVI indicates a pathogenic link and gender difference between alzheimer diseases and AIDS
Authors: Tang Yijing , Zhang Dong , Zhang Yanxian , Liu Yonglan , Miller Yifat , Gong Keven , Zheng Jie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAmyloid-β (Aβ) and semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI) are considered as the two causative proteins for central pathogenic cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and HIV/AIDS, respectively. Separately, Aβ-AD and SEVI-HIV/AIDS systems have been studied extensively both in fundamental research and in clinical trials. Despite significant differences between Aβ-AD and SEVI-HIV/AIDS systems, they share some commonalities on amyloid and antimicrobial characteristics between Aβ and SEVI, there are apparent overlaps in dysfunctional neurological symptoms between AD and HIV/AIDS. Few studies have reported a potential pathological link between Aβ-AD and SEVI-HIV/AIDS at a protein level. Here, we demonstrate the cross-seeding interactions between Aβ and SEVI proteins using in vitro and in vivo approaches. Cross-seeding of SEVI with Aβ enabled to completely prevent Aβ aggregation at sub-stoichiometric concentrations, disaggregate preformed Aβ fibrils, reduce Aβ-induced cell toxicity, and attenuate Aβ-accumulated paralysis in transgenic AD C. elegans. This work describes a potential crosstalk between AD and HIV/AIDS via the cross-seeding between Aβ and SEVI, identifies SEVI as Aβ inhibitor for possible treatment or prevention of AD, and explains the role of SEVI in the gender difference in AD.
A whole-ecosystem experiment reveals flow-induced shifts in a stream community
Authors: Rosero-López Daniela , Todd Walter M. , Flecker Alexander S. , De Bièvre Bert , Osorio Rafael , González-Zeas Dunia , Cauvy-Fraunié Sophie , Dangles Olivier 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe growing threat of abrupt and irreversible changes to the functioning of freshwater ecosystems compels robust measures of tipping point thresholds. To determine benthic cyanobacteria regime shifts in a potable water supply system in the tropical Andes, we conducted a whole ecosystem-scale experiment in which we systematically diverted 20 to 90% of streamflow and measured ecological responses. Benthic cyanobacteria greatly increased with a 60% flow reduction and this tipping point was related to water temperature and nitrate concentration increases, both known to boost algal productivity. We supplemented our experiment with a regional survey collecting > 1450 flow-benthic algal measurements at streams varying in water abstraction levels. We confirmed the tipping point flow value, albeit at a slightly lower threshold (40-50%). A global literature review broadly confirmed our results with a mean tipping point at 58% of flow reduction. Our study provides robust in situ demonstrations of regime shift thresholds in running waters with potentially strong implications for environmental flows management.
Pre-arranged building block approach for the orthogonal synthesis of an unfolded tetrameric organic–inorganic phosphazane macrocycle
Authors: Sim Ying , Leon Felix , Hum Gavin , Phang Si Jia Isabel , Ong How Chee , Ganguly Rakesh , Díaz Jesús , Clegg Jack K. , García Felipe 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInorganic macrocycles remain challenging synthetic targets due to the limited number of strategies reported for their syntheses. Among these species, large fully inorganic cyclodiphosphazane macrocycles have been experimentally and theoretically highlighted as promising candidates for supramolecular chemistry. In contrast, their hybrid organic–inorganic counterparts are lagging behind due to the lack of synthetic routes capable of controlling the size and topological arrangement (i.e., folded vs unfolded) of the target macrocycle, rendering the synthesis of differently sized macrocycles a tedious screening process. Herein, we report—as a proof-of-concept—the combination of pre-arranged building blocks and a two-step synthetic route to rationally enable access a large unfolded tetrameric macrocycle, which is not accessible via conventional synthetic strategies. The obtained macrocycle hybrid cyclodiphosphazane macrocycle, cis-[μ-P(μ-NtBu)]2(μ-p-OC6H4C(O)O)]4[μ-P(μ-NtBu)]2 (4), displays an unfolded open-face cavity area of 110.1 Å2. Preliminary theoretical host–guest studies with the dication [MeNC5H4]22+ suggest compound 4 as a viable candidate for the synthesis of hybrid proto-rotaxanes species based on phosphazane building blocks.
Environmental and health impacts of atmospheric CO2 removal by enhanced rock weathering depend on nations’ energy mix
Authors: Eufrasio Rafael M. , Kantzas Euripides P. , Edwards Neil R. , Holden Philip B. , Pollitt Hector , Mercure Jean-Francois , Koh S. C. Lenny , Beerling David J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnhanced Rock Weathering is a proposed Carbon Dioxide Removal technology involving the application of crushed silicate rocks, such as basalt, to agricultural soils with potential co-benefits for crops and soils, and mitigation of ocean acidification. Here we address the requirement of diverse stakeholders for informative studies quantifying possible environmental and health risks of Enhanced Rock Weathering. Using life-cycle assessment modelling of potential supply chain impacts for twelve nations undertaking Enhanced Rock Weathering deployment to deliver up to net 2 Gt CO2 yr−1 CDR, we find that rock grinding rather than mining exerts the dominant influence on environmental impacts. This finding holds under both a business-as-usual and clean energy mix scenario to 2050 but transitioning to undertaking Enhanced Rock Weathering in the future with low carbon energy systems improves the sustainability of the Enhanced Rock Weathering supply chain. We find that Enhanced Rock Weathering is competitive with other large-scale Carbon Dioxide Removal strategies in terms of energy and water demands.
Supporting Patient Autonomy in Shared Decision Making for Individuals With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Jovanovic Nedeljko , Doyle Philip C. , Theurer Julie A. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:Management of head and neck cancer (HNC) can result in substantial long-term, multifaceted disability, leading to significant deficits in one's functioning and quality of life (QoL). Consequently, treatment selection is a challenging component of care for patients with HNC. Clinical care guided by shared decision making (SDM) can help address these decisional challenges and allow for a more individualized approach to treatment. However, due in part to the dominance of biomedically oriented philosophies in clinical care, engaging in SDM that reflects the individual patient's needs may be difficult.Conclusions:In this clinical focus article, we propose that health care decisions made in the context of biopsychosocial-framed care—one that contrasts to decision making directed solely by the biomedical model—will promote patient autonomy and permit the subjective personal values, beliefs, and preferences of individuals to be considered and incorporated into treatment-related decisions. Consequently, clinical efforts that are directed toward biopsychosocial-framed SDM hold the potential to positively affect QoL and well-being for individuals with HNC.
Optimal design for the artificial‐noise‐aided IRS‐MIMO‐OFDM secure communications
Authors: Ren Jingya , Yuan Yanli , Huang Tiancong , Jiang Weiheng , Feng Wenjiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses an artificial noise‐aided intelligent reflecting surface‐MIMO–OFDM system physical layer secure communication, in which two cases for the intelligent reflecting surface reflection coefficient models are considered separately, that is unit modulus constraint for the reflection coefficients and the more practical situation of amplitude phase‐shift dependence. Then the problem of joint optimisation for the precoding matrix, artificial noise covariance matrix and intelligent reflecting surface reflection coefficient matrix to maximise the sum secrecy rate under the power constraint at the transmitter is formulated, and then an alternate optimisation‐based inexact block coordinate descent algorithm is proposed to tackle the formulated non‐convexity problem. For the problem with unit modulus constraint for the intelligent reflecting surface reflection coefficients, closed‐form solutions of the optimisation variables are obtained by utilising the Lagrange multiplier method and the complex circular manifold method. For the problem with intelligent reflecting surface reflection coefficient amplitude phase‐shift dependence, alternate optimisation‐based penalty method is used to obtain the intelligent reflecting surface optimal reflection matrix. Numerical results indicate that the algorithm for the intelligent reflecting surface reflection coefficient unit modulus constraint achieves the maximum secrecy rate, and the algorithm for the intelligent reflecting surface reflection coefficient of amplitude phase‐shift dependence has the sub‐optimal performance, and the benchmark schemes such as no intelligent reflecting surface and intelligent reflecting surface random phase shift strategies have the worst and similar performance.
Adaptive sliding‐mode‐assisted disturbance observer‐based decoupling control for inertially stabilized platforms with a spherical mechanism
Authors: Tian Dapeng , Wang Meiyu , Wang Fuchao , Xu Rui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn inertially stabilized platform (ISP) is a gimbal used to hold a camera. It is essential for isolating the attitude sway during an imaging process. To make the platform more compact, the implementation of an ISP with a spherical mechanism has been proposed. However, this design introduces complex non‐linear coupling characteristics, significantly increasing the complexity of control. This study aims to solve this problem and present an algorithm to achieve high‐performance inertial stabilization control. To achieve this, kinematic and dynamic models were established, and the proposed control algorithm was then designed in three parts. Gravity compensation control was set up in the internal loop to counter the influence of unbalanced gravity moment. An adaptive sliding‐mode‐assisted disturbance observer (ASMADO) was also included in the joint space to decouple the influence of complex non‐linear characteristics on the platform. Further, a feedback controller was added to the workspace based on the kinematic model. This design simplifies the control algorithm for novel ISPs with a spherical mechanism. It effectively compensates for the complex non‐linear characteristics and enables superior inertial stabilization control. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively decreases the motion isolation error for the line‐of‐sight of the camera compared to traditional control methods.
Double weighting convolutional neural net‐works for multi‐view 3D shape recognition
Authors: Qi Shaohua , Li Weijun , Yang Guowei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) object recognition based on multiple views has been a popular area of research in recent years. Existing methods based on the grouping mechanism cannot sensibly group the views. Thus, the 3D shape descriptor that is generated by the final fusion is not representative, and the recognition accuracy still requires improvement. This study proposes a double‐weighting convolutional neural network method, based on the L2‐S grouping mechanism. The designed bidirectional long short‐term memory module can learn the relationship between the views in detail and improve the quality of the extracted features. Further, the proposed L2‐S grouping mechanism can use the L2 norm property to calculate the discrimination score of views and group views more reasonably. After reasonable grouping, weighted fusion operations are used within and between groups to fuse features to obtain group‐level descriptors that better represent each group of views. Finally, compact 3D shape descriptors generated by equally important group‐level descriptors for 3D object recognition. Results of the experiments show that our method can achieve state‐of‐the‐art performance. The source code is available at https://github.com/Qishaohua94/DWCNN.
Frequency‐domain multireceiver synthetic aperture sonar imagery with Chebyshev polynomials
Authors: Zhang Xuebo , Yang Peixuan , Sun Haixin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBased on Chebyshev polynomials, the two‐way slant range is first approximated by the fourth‐order polynomial approximation. With the series reversion method, the point target reference spectrum (PTRS) which is further used for the development of imaging algorithm in this letter is obtained. The presented method processes the echoed signal corresponding to each transmitter/receiver pair. And then a high‐resolution synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) image is obtained by coherently superposing all coarse‐resolution images. Comparing the peak sidelobe ratio (PSLR) and integration sidelobe ratio (ISLR), the performance of the presented method is superior to that of the traditional method. Simulations are further validated by the presented method.
Multiple modularity topology for smart transformers based on matrix converters
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Bento Alexandre , Paraíso Guilherme , Costa Pedro , Pinto Sónia Ferreira , Silva José Fernando , Wang Fei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA novel matrix converter‐based topology to be applied in smart transformers (STs) is proposed, based on the concept of multiple modularity. To replace the conventional ST topology obtained by H‐bridge modules including DC electrolytic capacitors, the proposed ST topology uses two kinds of matrix modules to provide flexibility in the AC–AC structures to build complex ST. Fewer power semiconductor devices are used in each module to reduce the costs. The AC–AC matrix converters and the high‐frequency transformers eliminate electrolytic capacitors, enhancing ST reliability and power density. The modulation method for the proposed ST structure needs suited carrier waves and switching processes. The half‐Venturini modulation method shows several switching sequences leading to voltage imbalances in the input film capacitor divider. Therefore, the paper investigates and analyses the influence of switching sequences on the capacitor voltages in detail. The results show that the different switching sequences will cause different currents flowing into capacitors, leading to different results in capacitor voltages. Based on the analysis, proper modulations are recommended for the proposed topology. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed topology as well as the correctness of the analysis on modulations, simulations and hardware‐in‐loop experiments are carried out. It is found that the modularity concept is feasible, and a suitable modulation sequence was developed to balance the input capacitors voltages.
Development of practical allocation method for reactive power reference for wind farms through inner‐voltage restriction
Authors: Yoo Yeuntae , Jung Seungmin , Song Sungyoon , Suh Jaewan , Lee Jaehyeong , Jang Gilsoo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study considers the optimal reactive power dispatch strategy that minimizes electrical loss while working within the constraints of the internal layout voltage. Wind turbines (WTs) with a power converter system can promptly generate reactive power, and when a reactive power order arrives from the connected grid, an operator can assign a reactive power reference to each wind turbine. Recently, multiple objective functions in use have been based on centralized control, but their flexibility has been determined as inadequate for situations in which the voltage range of the wind turbine is also a factor. The designated constraints of the voltage fluctuation for each section have thus been considered by designing and applying an adaptive method. The main purpose of such a method is to use general dispatch optimization while maintaining the voltage of each connection point within operating range. The included case studies are designed using an electromagnetic transients program that checks both the voltage and loss of the entire wind farm. We tried to identify voltage violations and confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method. This work thus attempts to confirm whether an objective function can be implemented while also adhering to a certain grid code.
High-performance silicon photonic filters based on all-passive tenth-order adiabatic elliptical-microrings
Authors: Liu Dajian , He Jianghao , Xiang Yuluan , Xu Yang , Dai Daoxin 
Published: May 2022

Ultra-compact silicon photonic filters with box-like responses and high extinction ratios are proposed and demonstrated by introducing tenth-order adiabatic elliptical-microrings (AEMs) with bent directional couplers. For the AEMs, the waveguides in the non-coupling regions are wide and have a minimal bending radius, while the waveguides in the coupling regions are narrowed and have a maximal bending radius. The present silicon photonic filters based on tenth-order AEMs show a free spectral range as large as 37 nm for the first time. Even fabricated with commercial complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor-compatible 248 nm deep-ultraviolet lithography processes, the present devices show high performances with excess losses as low as ∼1 dB and extinction ratios as high as &gt;60 dB. More importantly, the present silicon photonic filters work very well all-passively without any thermal control for calibration.
Spontaneous magnetization of collisionless plasma
Authors: Zhou Muni , Zhdankin Vladimir , Kunz Matthew W. , Loureiro Nuno F. , Uzdensky Dmitri A. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Astronomical observations indicate that dynamically important magnetic fields are ubiquitous in the Universe, while their origin remains a profound mystery. This work provides a paradigm for understanding the origin of cosmic magnetism by taking into account the effects of the microphysics of collisionless plasmas on macroscopic astrophysical processes. We demonstrate that the first magnetic fields can be spontaneously generated in the Universe by generic motions of astrophysical turbulence through kinetic plasma physics, and cosmic plasmas are thereby ubiquitously magnetized. Our theoretical and numerical results set the stage for determining how these “seed” magnetic fields are further amplified by the turbulent dynamo (another central and long-standing question) and thus advance a fully self-consistent explanation of cosmic magnetogenesis.
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N]-L-glutamine provides a means of annotating in vivo metabolic utilization of glutamine
Authors: Eskandari Roozbeh , Kim Nathaniel , Mamakhanyan Arsen , Saoi Michelle , Zhang Guannan , Berishaj Marjan , Granlund Kristin L. , Poot Alex J. , Cross Justin , Thompson Craig B. , Keshari Kayvan R. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in human plasma, although it is challenging to determine glutamine’s metabolic fate noninvasively. In this work, we utilize established chemical methods to develop a platform for imaging glutamine metabolism using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging. Using this strategy, we are able to spatially measure glutaminolysis in vivo as well as develop a biomarker for the inhibition of glutaminase. Combining this biomarker with isotope tracing metabolomics connects this inhibition to reduced glutamine contribution to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This provides an approach for future imaging of glutamine metabolism in humans.