bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Relationship Between Neighborhood-Built Environment and Elderly Health: A Research Based on Heterogeneity of Age and Gender Groups in Beijing
Authors: Li Jingwei , Tian Li , Ouyang Wei 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe built environment quality of neighborhoods has a significant impact on the health of the elderly. Although there has been a wealth of studies on low-density Western cities, research on the impacts of built environment on elderly health in high-density Chinese cities is far from sufficient. The pathways by which the built environment affects elderly health remain to be observed, particularly whether such pathways vary for different ages and genders.MethodsBased on the data of the “Fourth Survey on the Living Conditions of the Elderly in China” in 2015, a sample survey of 3,360 older adults, aged 60 years and over, in Beijing was conducted. We first explored the built environment factors that affect elderly health with a multilevel regression model. We then adopted a multilevel structural equation model (MSEM) to reveal the mediating effect of health activities. Moreover, a stratified analysis was applied to explore the impact of age and gender heterogeneity on the relationship between built environment and elderly health.Results(1) Neighborhood-built environment measured within a 500 m buffer area had a higher correlation with elderly health when compared with other areas. (2) Physical activity and social interaction played a mediating role in the correlation between the built environment and elderly health. Even if the interference of residential self-selection was controlled within the subgroups, majority of the built environment elements had significant impacts on elderly health. (3) The impacts of built environment variables on elderly health vary among different age and gender groups. Population density mainly promoted elderly health through health activities in the middle-aged (aged 70–79) group and high-aged (aged 80+) group, and shorter distance to transit stations affects health by promoting the social interaction among high-aged males (aged 80+) group compared to with other groups, and high-quality built environment significantly promotes physical activity to alleviate loneliness only in elderly females.ConclusionTo effectively boost elderly health by improving the quality of the built environment, adequate considerations should also be given to the differentiated demands of adults of different age and gender groups, precise health behavior interventions should be provided, and the construction of personalized aging-friendly and livable spatial environments should be emphasized to realize healthy and active aging.
Physical Activity Behavior During and After COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders—A Longitudinal Study in the Austrian, German, and Italian Alps
Authors: Schöttl Stefanie E. , Schnitzer Martin , Savoia Laura , Kopp Martin 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundIn Alpine regions, which are very similar due to their topographical location and their wide-ranging sports offerings, the restrictions on sports activities during the COVID-19 pandemic differed in type and level: while in some regions (Tyrol, South Tyrol, Trentino), all sports activities were forbidden except for walking near the home, in other regions (Upper Bavaria, Vorarlberg), people were allowed to go hiking and running during the first lockdown.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the change in physical activity (PA) behavior in different Alpine regions (Upper Bavaria, Vorarlberg, Tyrol, South Tyrol, Trentino) over four periods in 2020, to examine the effects of COVID-19 measures of varying severity on PA behavior and to identify factors associated with a change in PA over time.MethodsA retrospective online survey was conducted (N = 2975) from December 2020, to January 2021. Using the questionnaire of the Eurobarometer 472 study, PA behavior was measured over four periods: before COVID-19 (March), during the first lockdown (March and April), during the relaxed period (May-October) and during the second lockdown (November and December) in 2020.ResultsDuring the first (M = 5.0h, SD = 4.5) and the second lockdowns (M = 4.9h, SD = 4.3), the participants (age: 42 years, overly active in sports) engaged less in sports than before (M = 5.9h, SD = 4.8) and during the relaxed period in summer (M = 6.4h, SD = 5.0) (average number of hours per week being physically active). A larger percentage of participants from Alpine regions with severe restrictions (Tyrol, South Tyrol, Trentino) decreased their PA during the first lockdown as compared to participants from Upper Bavaria and Vorarlberg with a less strict first lockdown. Those with psychological distress, male participants, and individuals with decreased physical health and less free time during COVID-19 were more likely to reduce their PA.ConclusionsDespite a short-term negative effect of COVID-19 restrictions on exercise participation during lockdowns, the majority of respondents returned to their original levels of PA during the relaxed COVID-19 phases. As a comparison of Alpine regions shows, particularly severe COVID-19 measures seem to have reduced PA with potential negative health effects. For the future, policy makers and sports organizations should collaborate to support the population in their PA behavior during pandemics to outweigh restrictions.
Interprofessional Collaborative Relationship-Building Model in Action in Primary Care: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Wener Pamela , Leclair Leanne , Fricke Moni , Brown Cara 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionTeam-based care has been integrated into primary care (PC) across Canada because it improves patient safety, effectiveness, efficiency, person-centredness, and equity. However, this integration in and of itself may not lead to improved patient care without effective interpersonal relationships amongst team members. Currently, teams have few tools to guide the development of collaborative relationships. The Interprofessional Collaborative Relationship-building Model (ICRB) was developed to be a tool for understanding the stages of development of the interprofessional team's relationship-building.PurposeThis qualitative secondary data analysis illuminates a PC team's experiences of their developing interprofessional relationships with occupational therapists and physical therapists who joined the PC team.MethodEleven team member interviews of one primary care team from a family medicine teaching clinic affiliated with a training university and the health region in central Canada were analyzed using secondary data analysis. The team included family physicians (n= 4), nurses (n= 2), a social worker (n= 1), a mental health counselor (n= 1), occupational therapists (n= 2), and a physical therapist (n= 1). We used the ICRB for directed content analysis using the phased approach that includes the three main steps of data preparation, data organization and data presentation.ResultsThis team experienced the ICRB stages of Looking For Help, Fitting-In, and Growing Reciprocity thereby learning about one another to better understand what OT and PT may bring to the PC setting. However, contrary to the ICRB, co-location, was the context within which the collaborative relationship-building took place rather than a distinct developmental stage. Although team members did experience some level of Growing Reciprocity, this developing team had not yet established collaborative leadership processes. As the ICRB originally posited, communication and patient focus facilitated all stages of the relationship-building process and helped the team develop shared values and role clarity that establish how different team members contribute to improving quality care.ConclusionsThe context of co-location with a patient focus and open communication facilitated the team's development with the occupational therapists and physical therapist. Collaborative leadership is a worthy goal for future research and clinical focus as it has implications for improving overall patient quality care and team member work satisfaction.
Psychophysical Studies of Interleaving Narrowband Tactile Stimuli to Achieve Broadband Perceptual Effects
Authors: Martinez Juan S. , Tan Hong Z. , Cholewiak Roger W. 
Published: May 2022

Despite the ubiquitous presence of tactile actuators (tactors) in mobile devices, there is a continuing need for more advanced tactors that can cover the entire frequency range of human tactile perception. Broadband tactors can increase information transmission and enrich sensory experience. The engineering challenges are multifold in that the ideal tactors should exhibit an effective bandwidth of at least 300 Hz, small form factor, robustness, power efficiency and low cost. For wearable applications, there are the additional challenges of ease of mounting and maintaining adequate skin contact during body movements. We propose an approach to interleave narrowband tactile stimuli to achieve broadband effects, taking advantage of the limited spatial resolution of the skin on the torso and limbs. Three psychophysical experiments were conducted to assess the validity of this approach. Participants performed pairwise discriminations of two broadband stimuli delivered using one or two tactors. The broadband stimuli consisted of one mid-frequency and one high-frequency component delivered through one tactor by mixing the two components, or through two tactors (one component per tactor). The first two experiments revealed extraneous cues such as localization and mutual masking of mid- and high-frequency components that were subsequently eliminated in the third experiment. Results from 12 participants confirmed that performance on pairwise comparisons was below the discrimination threshold, confirming that broadband haptic effects can be achieved through narrowband tactors placed within the skin’s two-point limen.
Relationship Between Particle Properties and Immunotoxicological Effects of Environmentally-Sourced Microplastics
Authors: Beijer Nick R. M. , Dehaut Alexandre , Carlier Maxim P. , Wolter Helen , Versteegen Ron M. , Pennings Jeroen L. A. , de la Fonteyne Liset , Niemann Helge , Janssen Henk M. , Timmermans Belinda G. , Mennes Wim , Cassee Flemming R. , Mengelers Marcel J. B. , Amaral-Zettler Linda A. , Duflos Guillaume , Staal Yvonne C. M. 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundConcerns on microplastics (MPs) in food are increasing because of our increased awareness of daily exposure and our knowledge gap on their potential adverse health effects. When particles are ingested, macrophages play an important role in scavenging them, potentially leading to an unwanted immune response. To elucidate the adverse effects of MPs on human health, insights in the immunotoxicity of MPs are essential.ObjectivesTo assess the effect of environmentally collected ocean and land weathered MP particles on the immunological response of macrophages using a state-of-the art in vitro immunotoxicity assay specifically designed for measuring particle toxicity.MethodsEnvironmentally-weathered macroplastic samples were collected from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and from the French coastal environment. Macroplastics were identified using (micro)Raman-spectrometry, FT-IR and Py-GC-MS and cryo-milled to obtain size-fractionated samples up to 300 μm. Physiochemical MP properties were characterized using phase contrast microscopy, gel-permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and differential scanning colorimetry. Macrophages (differentiated THP-1 cells) were exposed to particles (&lt;300 μm) for 48 h before assessment of cell viability and cytokine release. Using both the physiochemical particle properties and biological data, we performed multi-dimensional data analysis to explore relationships between particle properties and immunotoxicological effects.ResultsWe investigated land-derived polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate, water-derived polypropylene macroplastics, and virgin polyethylene fibers and nylon MPs. The different plastic polymeric compositions and MP size classes induced distinct cytokine responses. Macrophages had the largest response to polyethylene terephthalate-particle exposure, including a dose-related increase in IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α secretion. Smaller MPs induced cytokine production at lower concentrations. Additionally, a relationship between both physical and chemical particle properties and the inflammatory response of macrophages was found.DiscussionThis research shows that MP exposure could lead to an inflammatory response in vitro, depending on MP material and size. Whether this implies a risk to human health needs to be further explored.
Eruption and Interplanetary Evolution of a Stealthy Streamer-Blowout CME Observed by PSP at ∼0.5 AU
Authors: Pal Sanchita , Lynch Benjamin J. , Good Simon W. , Palmerio Erika , Asvestari Eleanna , Pomoell Jens , Stevens Michael L. , Kilpua Emilia K. J. 
Published: May 2022

Streamer-blowout coronal mass ejections (SBO-CMEs) are the dominant CME population during solar minimum. Although they are typically slow and lack clear low-coronal signatures, they can cause geomagnetic storms. With the aid of extrapolated coronal fields and remote observations of the off-limb low corona, we study the initiation of an SBO-CME preceded by consecutive CME eruptions consistent with a multi-stage sympathetic breakout scenario. From inner-heliospheric Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observations, it is evident that the SBO-CME is interacting with the heliospheric magnetic field and plasma sheet structures draped about the CME flux rope. We estimate that 18 ± 11% of the CME’s azimuthal magnetic flux has been eroded through magnetic reconnection and that this erosion began after a heliospheric distance of ∼0.35 AU from the Sun was reached. This observational study has important implications for understanding the initiation of SBO-CMEs and their interaction with the heliospheric surroundings.
Safety and Feasibility of Esophagectomy Following Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Combined with Chemotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Gu Yi-Min , Shang Qi-Xin , Zhang Han-Lu , Yang Yu-Shang , Wang Wen-Ping , Yuan Yong , Hu Yang , Che Guo-Wei , Chen Long-Qi 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the safety and feasibility of esophagectomy after neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsWe retrospectively identified patients who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy (n = 38) in our center between 2020 and 2021. The primary end point was the risk of major complications (grade ≥3) according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. Secondary end points were surgical details, 30-day mortality, and 30-day readministration.ResultsThe most commonly used regimens of immunotherapy were camrelizumab (36.8%), pembrolizumab (31.5%), tislelizumab (15.8%), sintilimab (13.2%), and toripalimab (2.6%). The median interval to surgery was 63 days (range, 40–147). Esophagectomy was performed in 37 of 38 patients who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemotherapy. All procedures were performed minimally invasively, except for 1 patient who was converted to thoracotomy. Of 37 surgical patients, R0 resection was achieved in 36 patients (97.3%). Pathologic complete response was observed in 9 patients (24.3%). Tumor regression grade I was identified in 17 patients (45.9%). Morbidity occurred in 12 of 37 patients (32.4%). The most common complication was pneumonia (16.2%). There were no deaths or readministration within 30 days.ConclusionsEsophagectomy following neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy for patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma appears to be safe and feasible, with acceptable complication rates.
The Guidewire-assisted Drainage Catheter Placement in Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Zheng Bingjie , Wang Chunlei , Yao Jinbiao , Zhu Shiyi , Meshcheryakova Svetlana , Shi Huaizhang 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundChronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common neurosurgical pathology associated with older age. The burr hole drainage is a predominant technique with a lower incidence of recurrence and morbidity. The blind placement of the subdural drain could result in intracerebral hemorrhage. This paper describes a simple and reliable technique for drainage catheter placement in cSDH to reduce intracerebral hemorrhage.MethodsForty-nine consecutive patients with cSDH were treated with The Guidewire-assisted Drainage Catheter Placement Technique between July 2019 and June 2021. Epidemiological, clinical and radiographical data were collected and reviewed. The operative technique consists of an angular guidewire tip and catheter. Under the navigation of the guidewire, the catheter is inserted into the subdural space and the length of catheter remaining in the subdural space was 4–5 cm. The catheter was tunneled subcutaneously and fixed at the point where it emerged from the scalp.ResultsForty-nine consecutive patients underwent 55 The Guidewire-assisted Drainage Catheter Placement. The gender distribution was 37 men and 12 women. The mean age was 69.3 years. The patients presented with headache (31 patients), weakness of limbs (28 patients), speech disturbances (7 patients), and Altered behavior (6 patients). Neither intracerebral hemorrhages nor post-operative seizure occurred. Forty-seven patients were improved after the operation. The recurrence occurred in one patient.ConclusionsThe Guidewire-assisted Drainage Catheter Placement Technique is a reliable method for the insertion of a subdural catheter to evacuate of the Chronic Subdural Hematoma, and is associated with an extremely low risk to cortical structures and cerebral veins.
Effect Evaluation of Subxiphoid and Intercostal Thymectomy: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Hailong , Wang Miao , Xin Ning , Wei Rongqiang , Huang Kenan 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundIt still remains unclear whether subxiphoid video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (SVATS) thymectomy is safe and reasonable. This meta-analysis aims at assessing the effectiveness and safety of SVATS for thymoma in comparison with that of intercostal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (IVATS) thymectomy.MethodsAll the relevant data systematically analyzed in this thesis were retrieved from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, web of science, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The time span for data retrieval was from the date of database establishment to March 2022. The outcome indicators include operation time, intraoperative blood loss, duration of postoperative drainage, postoperative hospital days, visual analogue scale (VAS) score on the day of operation, VAS score on postoperative day 3, and VAS score on postoperative day 7; postoperative complications were analyzed in our meta-analysis.ResultsIn 13 studies of this paper, there were 1,198 cases included. Among them, 563 cases were treated by SVATS thymectomy and 635 cases by IVATS thymectomy. There was no significant difference in the operation time [113.38 vs. 119.91  min, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.70–0.15, p = 0.20) and the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications (RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.58–1.15, p = 0.25) between SVATS thymectomy and IVATS thymectomy. However, SVATS thymectomy significantly reduced the amount of intraoperative blood loss (47.68 vs. 66.69  mL, SMD = −0.57, 95% CI: −0.95 to −0.18, p = 0.004), postoperative drainage days (2.12 vs. 2.72 days, SMD = −0.46, 95% CI: −0.74 to −0.18, p = 0.001), postoperative hospital stays (4.53 vs. 5.91 days, SMD = −0.64, 95% CI: −0.96 to −0.31, p = 0.0001), and VAS scores after the operation.DiscussionSVATS thymectomy is safe and feasible, and the perioperative effect is better than IVATS thymectomy to a certain extent, which is worthy of popularization and further research.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
Kinetic Analysis in Horses With Deep Digital Flexor Tendinopathy Within the Digit Diagnosed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Madsen Lori M. , Gutierrez-Nibeyro Santiago D. , Stewart Matthew C. , McCoy Annette M. , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the stance duration and ground reaction forces (GRF) of horses with deep digital flexor (DDF) tendinopathy at the level of the foot and compare the stance duration and GRF to those of clinically sound horses.DesignProspective clinical study.AnimalsSixteen horses (seven horses with bilateral forelimb lameness, four horses with unilateral forelimb lameness, and five horses with no lameness).ProceduresAnalyses of kinetic variables were performed on both forelimbs from sound horses and horses diagnosed with chronic DDF tendinopathy. Stance duration and longitudinal and vertical components of the GRF were determined for the limbs of clinically sound horses and limbs of horses with DDF tendinopathy. Separate Spearman correlation analyses were used to assess potential association within groups (combined left and right forelimbs of clinically sound horses, lamest limbs of horses with DDF tendinopathy, and contralateral limbs of horses with DDF tendinopathy) and with the set of kinetic variables. Analysis of variance on mean ranks of tied values was used to determine differences in kinetic variables between groups (PROC GLIMMIX) using the kinetic values of the clinically sound horses as the reference group.ResultsThere were a total of 11 lame horses. Seven horses had bilateral forelimb lameness and four had unilateral lameness. Of the 11 horses, there were 15 DDF tendinopathies. There were eight dorsal border DDF tendinopathies, five core DDF tendinopathies, and two sagittal/parasagittal splits DDF tendinopathies. The most lame limbs of horses with DDF tendinopathy had significantly smaller values for peak vertical force and time of peak braking force than did forelimbs of clinically sound horses. Also, the most lame limbs of horses with DDF tendinopathy had significantly larger values for the time of peak vertical force than did forelimbs of clinically sound horses.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceHorses with chronic DDF tendinopathies develop certain alterations of GRF parameters. This information can be used in future studies to determine if particular kinetic variable changes in horses with DDF tendinopathies differ from those of horses with other pathologies within the foot and therefore could be diagnostic.