bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermally Crosslinked Hole Conductor Enables Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with 23.9% Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Cuiping , Liao Qiaogan , Chen Jinyu , Li Bolin , Xu Chaoying , Wei Kun , Du Guozheng , Wang Yang , Liu Dachang , Deng Jidong , Luo Zhide , Pang Shuping , Yang Ye , Li Jingrui , Yang Li , Guo Xugang , Zhang Jinbao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPoly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) represents the state‐of‐the‐art hole transport material (HTM) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, unsatisfied surface properties of PTAA and high energy disorder in the bulk film hinder the further enhancement of device performance. Herein, a simple small molecule 10‐(4‐(3,6‐dimethoxy‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)‐3,7‐bis(4‐vinylphenyl)‐10H‐phenoxazine (MCz‐VPOZ) is strategically developed for in situ fabrication of polymer hole conductor (CL‐MCz) via a facile and low‐temperature cross‐linking technology. The resulting polymer CL‐MCz offers high energy ordering and improved electrical conductivity, as well as appropriate energy‐level alignment, enabling efficient charge carrier collection in the devices. Meanwhile, CL‐MCz synchronously provides satisfied surface wettability and interfacial functionalization, facilitating the formation of high‐quality perovskite films with fewer bulk iodine vacancies and suppressed carrier recombination. Significantly, the device with CL‐MCz yields a champion efficiency of 23.9% along with an extremely low energy loss down to 0.41 eV, which represents the highest reported efficiency for non‐PTAA‐based polymer HTMs in inverted PSCs. Furthermore, the corresponding unencapsulated devices exhibit competitive shelf‐life stability under various operational stressors up to 2500 h, reflecting high promises of CL‐MCz in the scalable PSC application. This work underscores the promising potential of the cross‐linking approach in preparing low‐cost, stable, and efficient polymer HTMs toward reliable PSCs.
Mechanisms of Sleep/Wake Regulation under Hypodopaminergic State: Insights from MitoPark Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Fifel Karim , Yanagisawa Masashi , Deboer Tom 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSleep/wake alterations are predominant in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders involving dopamine dysfunction. Unfortunately, specific, mechanisms‐based therapies for these debilitating sleep problems are currently lacking. The pathophysiological mechanisms of sleep/wake alterations within a hypodopaminergic MitoPark mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) are investigated. MitoPark mice replicate most PD‐related sleep alterations, including sleep fragmentation, hypersomnia, and daytime sleepiness. Surprisingly, these alterations are not accounted for by a dysfunction in the circadian or homeostatic regulatory processes of sleep, nor by acute masking effects of light or darkness. Rather, the sleep phenotype is linked with the impairment of instrumental arousal and sleep modulation by behavioral valence. These alterations correlate with changes in high‐theta (8–11.5 Hz) electroencephalogram power density during motivationally‐charged wakefulness. These results demonstrate that sleep/wake alterations induced by dopamine dysfunction are mediated by impaired modulation of sleep by motivational valence and provide translational insights into sleep problems associated with disorders linked to dopamine dysfunction.
Novel Viroid‐Like RNAs Naturally Infect a Filamentous Fungus
Authors: Dong Kaili , Xu Chuan , Kotta‐Loizou Ioly , Jiang Jingjing , Lv Ruiying , Kong Linghong , Li Shifang , Hong Ni , Wang Guoping , Coutts Robert H. A. , Xu Wenxing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo date, viroids have been found to naturally infect only plants, resulting in substantial losses for some crops. Whether viroids or viroid‐like RNAs naturally infect non‐plant hosts remains unknown. Here the existence of a set of exogenous, single‐stranded circular RNAs, ranging in size from 157 to 450 nucleotides, isolated from the fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea and nominated B. dothidea RNAs (BdcRNAs) is reported. BdcRNAs replicate autonomously in the nucleus via a rolling‐circle mechanism following a symmetric pathway. BdcRNA infection induces symptoms, because BdcRNAs can apparently modulate, to different degrees, specific biological traits (e.g., alter morphology, decrease growth rate, attenuate virulence, and increase or decrease tolerance to osmotic and oxidative stress) of the host fungus. Overall, BdcRNAs have genome characteristics similar to those of viroids and exhibit pathogenic effects on fungal hosts. It is proposed that these novel fungus infecting RNAs should be termed mycoviroids. BdcRNA(s) may be considered additional inhabitants at the frontier of life in terms of genomic complexity, and represent a new class of acellular entities endowed with regulatory functions, and novel epigenomic carriers of biological information.
Über die Reaktivität von Phosphaalumenen gegenüber C−C‐Mehrfachbindungen
Authors: Nees Samuel , Wellnitz Tim , Dankert Fabian , Härterich Marcel , Dotzauer Simon , Feldt Milica , Braunschweig Holger , Hering‐Junghans Christian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHeterocyclen, die Elemente der Gruppen 13 und 15 enthalten, wie z. B. Borazine, sind ein fester Bestandteil der organischen, biomedizinischen und Materialchemie. Überraschenderweise sind Heterocyclen, die P und Al enthalten, selten. Wir haben nun Phosphaalumene in Reaktionen mit Alkinen, Alkenen und konjugierten Doppelbindungssystemen eingesetzt. Mit sterisch anspruchsvollen Alkinen wurden 1,2‐Phosphaalumete erhalten, während die Reaktion mit HCCH oder HCCSiMe31,4‐Phosphaaluminabarrelene ergab. Mit Styrol wurden gesättigte 1,2‐Phosphaalumate gebildet, die mit weiteren Äquivalenten Styrol zu verschiedenen Regio‐Isomeren von 1,4‐Aluminaphosphorinanen weiterreagierten. Mit Ethylen wird ebenfalls ein 1,4‐Aluminaphosphorinan erhalten, während mit 1,3‐Butadien ein bicyclisches System mit einer Aluminacyclopentan‐ und einer Phosphiran‐Einheit synthetisiert wurde. Die experimentellen Arbeiten werden durch theoretische Studien unterstützt, um den Mechanismus der Bildung dieser Heterocyclen genauer zu untersuchen.
Machinability investigation of Chromoly steel using TiN/Al2O3/TiCN/TiOCN multilayer coated tungsten carbide tool inserts with artificial neural network methodology
Authors: Singh Nikhil , Bharatish A. , Rajkumar G. R. , Satheesh Babu G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnhancing the machining efficiency of hardened steel using four‐layer coated tungsten carbide tools has gained a lot of interest among manufacturing engineers. This paper reports the machining performance of AISI 4140 steel using TiN/Al2O3/TiCN/TiOCN multilayer coated tungsten carbide tool inserts. The impact of cutting speed, depth of cut, and the nose radius on machining force, tool chip interface temperature, surface roughness, and chip forms was ascertained using full factorial machining experiments and artificial neural network (ANN) methodology. The machining force evaluated using Logistic Sigmoid activation function resulted in the highest root mean square error (RMSE) of 4.076 and regression value of 0.998. The maximum error between the ANN predicted results and experimental results for machining force, cutting temperature and surface roughness was about 2.4%, 5.3%, and 2.07%, respectively. The best architecture for ANN was “3‐6‐4” which had a coefficient of regression value of 0.97. However, in case of chip form, some of the ANN predicted values could not be mapped to ISO standard chip form and hence prediction accuracy of 80% was achieved.
A Conformal Carbon Nanolayer Coated Fe2O3 Cocatalyst for the Promoted Activity of Plasma‐Sputtered BiVO4 Photoanode
Authors: Zhang Yang , Gan Li Ting , Wang Mengmin , Ning Wenxin , Liu Peng Fei , Yang Hua Gui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo simultaneously improve the hole extraction ability of the BiVO4 photoanode and accelerate the surface reaction kinetics, herein, a carbon nanolayer conformally coated Fe2O3 (C−Fe2O3) as oxygen evolution catalyst (OEC) is loaded on the H2 plasma treated nanoporous BiVO4 (BVO(H2)) surface by a hydrothermal reaction. It is found that the H2 plasma induced vacancies in BVO remarkably increases the conductivity, and the C−Fe2O3 enables hole extraction from the bulk to the surface as well as efficient hole injection to the electrolyte. As a result, the C−Fe2O3/BVO(H2) photoanode achieves a photocurrent density of 4.4 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and an ABPE value of 1.5 % at 0.68 V vs. RHE, which are 4.8‐fold and 13‐fold higher than that of BVO photoanode, respectively.
Model‐based Scale Up of Solid Bowl Centrifuges Using Experimentally Determined Material Functions
Authors: Zhai Ouwen , Baust Helene , Gleiß Marco , Nirschl Hermann 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe scale up of solid bowl centrifuges is a major challenge as the process and material behavior are complex and difficult to describe. A common approach to forecast the process behavior is to use analytical models and transfer the experience gained from the lab to the industrial scale. In this context, time‐consuming and cost‐intensive pilot scale experiments are necessary. This paper presents a methodology to improve the scale up process and make it more sustainable by using a numerical model that allows the real‐time tracking of the process and a more reliable scale up process. For this approach, the material behavior is derived from laboratory experiments whereby the scalability is given. Here, the determination of material functions allows an accurate representation of the material behavior for solid bowl centrifuges of different scales. The focus of this paper is the detailed explanation of material related functions for the scale up of decanter centrifuges.
A randomized clinical study to assess the performance of a marketed denture adhesive in a model of food infiltration in healthy, edentulous adults
Authors: Patel Nisha , Varghese Roshan , Burnett Gary R. , Atassi Mounir , Milleman Kimberly , Milleman Jeffery 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesAn optimized food infiltration methodology was utilized to assess the objective and subjective efficacy of a marketed denture adhesive regarding denture dislodgment and infiltration and perception of food particles under maxillary and mandibular dentures. A pilot study helped optimize methodologies before the efficacy study.Materials and MethodsParticipants were healthy adults (n =48 for both studies) with fair‐ to well‐fitting and well‐made full maxillary and mandibular dentures. In the pilot, groups were a denture adhesive applied in a conventional dabbed‐on pattern, a denture adhesive applied in continuous strips, or no adhesive. In the efficacy study, groups were the Test denture adhesive (continuous strips pattern application) or no adhesive, employed in a crossover design. Food infiltration was investigated through measurement of peanut particle mass retrieved from under each denture (30–32 g chewed). No formal statistical testing was performed in the pilot. Statistical analysis in the efficacy study was performed using analysis of variance. Primary efficacy evaluation was combined peanut particle mass from both dentures. Secondary efficacy evaluations included peanut particle mass under separate dentures, participant‐reported denture dislodgements, and awareness/rates of how bothersome peanut particles under dentures were.ResultsIn the pilot, the median peanut particle mass was lower with either pattern application compared with no adhesive. In the efficacy study, peanut particle mass under combined dentures was lower with than without adhesive (geometric mean [product of values]: 5.56 vs. 29.13 mg) with a between‐group geometric mean ratio (adhesive over no adhesive) of 0.19 (95% confidence interval: 0.12, 0.30) favoring the Test adhesive (p < .0001). Similar Test adhesive beneficial outcomes in both studies included significantly fewer denture dislodgements and awareness and how bothersome peanut particles under dentures were. Treatments were generally well‐tolerated.ConclusionsThese findings, including reduced peanut particle infiltration, fewer denture dislodgments, and lower ratings of bothersomeness, corroborate those studies investigating the benefits of denture adhesive in preventing food infiltration.
Cardiomyocyte maturation and its reversal during cardiac regeneration
Authors: Beisaw Arica , Wu Chi‐Chung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Due to the limited proliferative and regenerative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes, the lost myocardium is not replenished efficiently and is replaced by a fibrotic scar, which eventually leads to heart failure. Current therapies to cure or delay the progression of heart failure are limited; hence, there is a pressing need for regenerative approaches to support the failing heart. Cardiomyocytes undergo a series of transcriptional, structural, and metabolic changes after birth (collectively termed maturation), which is critical for their contractile function but limits the regenerative capacity of the heart. In regenerative organisms, cardiomyocytes revert from their terminally differentiated state into a less mature state (ie, dedifferentiation) to allow for proliferation and regeneration to occur. Importantly, stimulating adult cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation has been shown to promote morphological and functional improvement after myocardial infarction, further highlighting the importance of cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation in heart regeneration. Here, we review several hallmarks of cardiomyocyte maturation, and summarize how their reversal facilitates cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. A detailed understanding of how cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation is regulated will provide insights into therapeutic options to promote cardiomyocyte de‐maturation and proliferation, and ultimately heart regeneration in mammals.
Political economy of renewable energy transition in rentier states: The case of Oman
Authors: Al‐Sarihi Aisha , Cherni Judith A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite the abundance of renewable resources, renewable energy accounts for less than 1% of the total installed power capacity in oil‐producing Gulf Arab states. While the political–economic structures of oil‐producing Gulf Arab states are thought to have played a role in determining these states' remarkably low uptake of renewable energy, these structures remain understudied. With a focus on Oman, we assess how political–economic structures have influenced its adoption of renewable energy. We implement an analytical framework that integrates insights from energy transition studies and the political–economic theory of rentier states. Drawing on secondary data and primary information from semi‐structured interviews with renewable energy developers and energy experts, this study reveals that renewable energy roll‐out in Oman has been delayed through three different strategies, namely the use media and public debate, a reduction of the power of renewable energy stakeholders, and the use of institutional mechanisms to strengthen hydrocarbon‐based technologies. Oman's renewable energy transition efforts aim to protect rents from oil exports rather than advance low‐carbon energy transition.
Influence of Bis‐NHC Ligand on Platinum‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Internal Alkynes
Authors: Bołt Małgorzata , Mermela Aleksandra , Żak Patrycja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSynthesis and characterization of a new bifunctional N‐heterocyclic carbene precursor with sterically expanded substituents is described. The obtained NHC is employed in the catalytic system for hydrosilylation of internal alkynes providing a fully selective and effective process in mild conditions under air. Comparison of the performance of the newly developed catalytic system with its analogs based on monofunctional NHC ligands proves that the presence of two metal atoms and the proper design of the steric environment around the metal center ensure a definitely greater activity in the hydrosilylation process.
Synthesis of Flavin‐Indole Conjugates with Rigid Diamino Linkers as Cryptochrome Model Compounds
Authors: Schröder Nils , Schmidtmann Marc , Mouritsen Henrik , Christoffers Jens 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of flavin‐indole conjugates with a trans‐1,4‐diaminocyclohexane and a 2,6‐diaminodecahydronaphthalene linker is reported. Both compounds should serve as artificial model compounds for natural cryptochrome. It is assumed that cryptochrome photoreceptor proteins located in the retina show a light‐dependent quantum effect which enables migratory birds to perceive the Earth's magnetic field and is thus used for navigation. Both model compounds were prepared by stepwise reductive aminations of indole carbaldehyde and a flavin‐substituted acetaldehyde with the appropriate diamine linkers. The hitherto unknown 2,6‐diaminodecahydronaphthalene was prepared in four steps from 2,6‐dihydroxynaphthalene as the achiral (meso) ax,ax,trans‐diastereoisomer. The configuration of this key intermediate as well as synthetic precursors has been established by a series of X‐ray single crystal analyses.
AXIN2 germline testing in a French cohort validates pathogenic variants as a rare cause of predisposition to colorectal polyposis and cancer
Authors: Leclerc Julie , Beaumont Marie , Vibert Roseline , Pinson Stéphane , Vermaut Catherine , Flament Cathy , Lovecchio Tonio , Delattre Lucie , Demay Christophe , Coulet Florence , Guillerm Erell , Hamzaoui Nadim , Benusiglio Patrick R. , Brahimi Afane , Cornelis François , Delhomelle Hélène , Fert‐Ferrer Sandra , Fournier Benjamin P. J. , Hovnanian Alain , Legrand Clémentine , Lortholary Alain , Malka David , Petit Florence , Saurin Jean‐Christophe , Lejeune Sophie , Colas Chrystelle , Buisine Marie‐Pierre 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOnly a few patients with germline AXIN2 variants and colorectal adenomatous polyposis or cancer have been described, raising questions about the actual contribution of this gene to colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility. To assess the clinical relevance for AXIN2 testing in patients suspected of genetic predisposition to CRC, we collected clinical and molecular data from the French Oncogenetics laboratories analyzing AXIN2 in this context. Between 2004 and June 2020, 10 different pathogenic/likely pathogenic AXIN2 variants were identified in 11 unrelated individuals. Eight variants were from a consecutive series of 3322 patients, which represents a frequency of 0.24%. However, loss‐of‐function AXIN2 variants were strongly associated with genetic predisposition to CRC as compared with controls (odds ratio: 11.89, 95% confidence interval: 5.103–28.93). Most of the variants were predicted to produce an AXIN2 protein devoid of the SMAD3‐binding and DIX domains, but preserving the β‐catenin‐binding domain. Ninety‐one percent of the AXIN2 variant carriers who underwent colonoscopy had adenomatous polyposis. Forty percent of the variant carriers developed colorectal or/and other digestive cancer. Multiple tooth agenesis was present in at least 60% of them. Our report provides further evidence for a role of AXIN2 in CRC susceptibility, arguing for AXIN2 testing in patients with colorectal adenomatous polyposis or cancer.
Development of Songliao Basin by Palaeo‐Pacific slab rollback: Evidence from Early Cretaceous rhyolites in SK2 Borehole, NE China
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Huang Feng , Xu Jifeng , Liu Xijun , Zhang Liying , Zhang Man , Yang Xuli , Zeng Yunchuan , Liu Qian 
Published: December 2022

As the largest petroliferous basin in northeast (NE) China, Songliao Basin preserves continuous Cretaceous sedimentary‐volcanic records, providing an excellent opportunity to recover the palaeo‐environment. The Yingcheng Formation in the Songliao Basin contains ample gas reservoirs that attract widespread attention. Whereas the timing, petrogenesis and geodynamic mechanism of the volcanic rocks in the Yingcheng Formation are still controversial, which largely constrain our understanding of the formation and evolution of the Songliao Basin. Here, we present an integrated investigation of zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotope, as well as whole‐rock elements and Sr‐Nd isotopes data for a suite of rhyolites of Yingcheng Formation from the SK2 Borehole of NE China. Zircon U–Pb age dating results of nine samples have yielded a concentrated age of ~110 Ma. These Yingcheng rhyolites are characterized by high SiO2 (66–78 wt%) and alkali (Na2O + K2O = 7.80–11.70 wt%) content, high 10000*Ga/Al (1.26–3.82, mostly >2.6) and FeOT/(FeOT + MgO) ratios (0.81–0.95), which show geochemical affinities with A‐type rhyolites. They have relatively low Y/Nb (0.69–1.78, average 1.19) and Rb/Nb (1.58–6.52, average 4.34) ratios, suggesting that the Yingcheng volcanic samples belong to A1‐type rhyolites which formed in an intraplate environment. These Yingcheng rhyolites show depleted Nd‐Hf isotopic compositions (εNd(t) = 2.43–4.87 and zircon εHf(t) = 4.22–9.88) comparable with the Early Cretaceous A‐type and I‐type rhyolites in the Songliao Basin, suggesting that they were originated from a juvenile continental crust. They were most likely derived from the partial melting of anhydrous lower crust instead of differentiation of mantle‐derived or mixing with alkaline basaltic magma, due to their low Mg# and absence of the coeval mafic rocks. Combined with the previous studies, A‐type rhyolites in the Yingcheng Formation erupted lasting at least 10 Myr and were widely distributed in the rifts of the Songliao Basin. We propose that the Yingcheng rhyolites were most likely generated from the rollback of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate in the Early Cretaceous, thus highlighting the significance of the subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate during the secular evolution of the Songliao Basin.
Effect of arc‐shaped vertical control plate on heat and mass transfer in uniform flow past an isothermally heated circular cylinder
Authors: Ray Rajendra K. , Haty Amarjit 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe current work investigates the effect of an arc‐shaped vertical control plate on the heat and mass transfer in uniform flow past an isothermally heated circular cylinder. The control plate is positioned downstream at various distances from the circular cylinder's surface. The governing equations are discretized by the higher order compact (HOC) finite difference scheme, and then this system of discretized equations is solved by using a bi‐conjugate gradient stabilized iterative method for Prandtl number , Reynolds number . To investigate the effect of an arc‐shaped control plate on heat and mass transfer, we consider a range of nondimensional distances between the circular cylinder and the control plate, , where is the control plate's distance and is the cylinder's radius. The exact timing and location of the bifurcation points are calculated by using topological aspect‐based structural bifurcation analysis. Significant effects of various locations of the control plate on periodic wake and heat transfer are observed. It is found that the increasing distance of the control plate from the cylinder delays the occurrence of the structural bifurcation and shifts the bifurcation points upwards in the upper half and downwards in the lower half of the cylinder. Our study shows that the specific location of the control plate can fully suppress the vortex shedding. Time‐averaged total Nusselt number can be drastically reduced by increasing the distance between the control plate and the cylinder. With proper positioning, the vertical control plate can lessen the time‐averaged drag force by up to when compared to a cylinder without a control plate. Overall, this work presents many new phenomena that have not been reported before.