bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porosity Evolution in Metallic Asteroids: Implications for the Origin and Thermal History of Asteroid 16 Psyche
Authors: Nichols‐Fleming Fiona , Evans Alexander J. , Johnson Brandon C. , Sori Michael M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSome M‐type asteroids have measured bulk densities much lower than expected based on their metal‐rich surfaces. In particular, the density of the largest M‐type asteroid 16 Psyche would require a bulk porosity of ∼52 vol% if it has a pure iron composition. We determine that a pure iron Psyche must have cooled to and remained below 800 K to maintain sufficient porosity for that porosity to persist until present. Iron bodies smaller than Psyche could preserve long‐lived high porosities (>40%), yet even the smallest M‐type asteroids would require temperatures below 925 K. Our results indicate that all iron asteroids must cool to and remain at low temperatures prior to a porosity‐adding event in order to retain porosity on timescales longer than a few million years. Accordingly, a pure iron Psyche would not have sufficiently cooled to retain high porosities when large porosity adding events are most likely to have occurred in the early solar system. Hence, Psyche is not likely to be a pure iron exposed core. However, this structure may be more viable for M‐type asteroids smaller than Psyche which cool more quickly.
Topography, Climate and Fire History Regulate Wildfire Activity in the Alaskan Tundra
Authors: Masrur Arif , Taylor Alan , Harris Lucas , Barnes Jennifer , Petrov Andrey 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlthough the link between climate change and tundra fire activity is well‐studied, we lack an understanding of how fire, vegetation, and topography interact to either amplify or dampen climatic effects on these tundra fires at Pan‐Arctic scale. This study investigated the relative influence of fire history, climate, topography and vegetation on fire occurrence and size in Alaskan tundra (1981–2019) and the potential for self‐reinforcing/limiting fire behavior. Regime shift analysis identified a step increase in fire frequency after 2010 with increased average annual area burned (+96%) and area reburned (+61%) over the 2010–2019 period, consistent with climatic thresholds in fire activity being crossed. Correlation analysis shows variation in fire frequency was positively and significantly related to mean summer temperatures. The competing roles of fire history and bio‐climate were investigated via random forest models using (a) environmental conditions and (b) environmental conditions and fire history. Fire occurrence was primarily driven by topographic complexity and elevation, suggesting that areas at 50–200 m elevation with gently rolling terrain such as the Arctic Foothills of the Brooks Range or the Kotzebue Lowlands in northern Alaska will likely become hotspots of fire activity. In contrast, fire size was affected mainly by fire history and winter‐spring climate, which demonstrates the importance of both fuel limitations and self‐reinforcing (e.g., rapid fuel regrowth following smaller‐sized fires) fire‐vegetation interactions in regulating tundra fire activity. Future modeling studies need more nuanced representations of fire‐terrain and fire‐vegetation interactions to accurately project how tundra ecosystems may respond to climatic warming.
Shrinking Pareto Fronts to Guide Reservoir Operations by Quantifying Competition Among Multiple Objectives
Authors: Wang Hong‐Ru , Li Fang‐Fang , Wang Guang‐Qian , Qiu Jun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMultiobjective optimization has been widely applied to reservoir operations in order to provide balanced operational schemes considering their multiple functions, including flood control, power generation, and ecological objectives. The Pareto front derived from multiobjective optimization is a set of optimal solutions that cannot quickly provide direct guidance for decision‐makers. In this study, a shrinking method is proposed to reduce the selection range of the optimal solutions on the Pareto front. Based on two proposed indices, that is, competitiveness and the competition efficiency between each pair of dual objectives, the optimal solutions are shrunk twice to accurately focus on the optimal solution region and reduce the difficulty of decision‐making. The proposed methodology is applied to a large‐scale reservoir on the upper reach of the Yellow River, China, simultaneously considering power generation, hydropower output stability, and ecological objectives. The results show that the proposed method could reduce the Pareto front to the solutions performing well in objectives and can be generalized for other multiobjective optimization models.
Solar X-ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (X-EUVI) loaded onto China’s Fengyun-3E Satellite
Authors: Chen Bo , Ding Guang-Xing , He Ling-Ping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe solar X-ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (X-EUVI), which was developed by CIOMP, is China’s first space-based solar X-ray and Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) imager; it has been loaded onto the Fengyun-3E Satellite, which is supported by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), for solar observation. It commenced working on July 11, 2021, and was used to obtain the first X-ray and EUV images in China. X-EUVI employs an innovation dual band design to monitor a much larger temperature range across the Sun, covering the 0.6–8.0 nm wavelength band of the X-ray region and the 19.5 nm band of the EUV region.
Failure to reach hematopoietic allogenic stem cell transplantation in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes planned for transplantation: a population-based study
Authors: Lindholm C. , Olofsson E. , Creignou M. , Nilsson L. , Garelius H. Gravdahl , Cammenga J. , Ljungman P. , Ejerblad E. , Tobiasson M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe only potential cure for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). However, a proportion of patients who are HCT candidates do not finally get transplanted. This population-based study aimed to characterize HCT candidates were attempting to reach HCT fail and to identify causes and risk factors for failure. Data were collected from (1) the national Swedish registry, enrolling 291 transplant candidates between 2009–2018, and (2) Karolinska University Hospital, enrolling 131 transplantation candidates between 2000 and 2018. Twenty-five % (nation-wide) and 22% (Karolinska) failed to reach HCT. Reasons for failure to reach HCT were progressive and refractory disease (47%), no donor identified (22%), identification of comorbidity (18%), and infectious complications (14%). Factors associated with failure to reach HCT were IPSS-R cytogenetic risk-group very poor, mixed MDS/MPN disease, low blast count (0–4.9%), and low hemoglobin levels (≤7.9 g/dL). Transplanted patients had a longer overall survival (OS) compared to patients who failed to reach transplantation (83 months versus 14 months; p < 0.001). The survival advantage was seen for the IPSS-R risk groups intermediate, high, and very high. This study demonstrated that a high proportion of HCT-candidates fail to reach HCT and underlines the difficulties associated with bridging MDS patients to HCT.
Chemical characterisation of degraded nuclear fuel analogues simulating the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident
Authors: Ding Hao , Gausse Clémence , Wilkins Malin C. Dixon , Mottram Lucy M. , Stennett Martin C. , Grolimund Daniel , Tappero Ryan , Nicholas Sarah , Sun Shikuan , Shiba Tomooki , Paraskevoulakos C. , Hyatt Neil C. , Corkhill Claire L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe Fukushima Daiichi accident generated degraded nuclear fuel material, mixed with other reactor components, known as molten core-concrete interaction (MCCI) material. Simulant MCCI material was synthesised, excluding highly radioactive fission products, containing depleted U, and incorporating Ce as a surrogate for Pu. Multi-modal µ-focus X-ray analysis revealed the presence of the expected suite of U-Zr-O containing minerals, in addition to crystalline silicate phases CaSiO3, SiO2-cristobalite and Ce-bearing percleveite, (Ce,Nd)2Si2O7. The formation of perclevite resulted from reaction between the U-Zr-O-depleted Ce-Nd-O melt and the silicate (SiO2) melt. It was determined that the majority of U was present as U4+, whereas Ce was observed to be present as Ce3+, consistent with the highly reducing synthesis conditions. A range of Fe-containing phases characterised by different average oxidation states were identified, and it is hypothesised that their formation induced heterogeneity in the local oxygen potential, influencing the oxidation state of Ce.
Changes in the incidence and prevalence of ischemic stroke and associations with natural disasters: an ecological study in 193 countries
Authors: Huang Kai-Sen , He Ding-Xiu , Tao Qianlan , Wang Yan-Yan , Yang Yong-Qiang , Zhang Biao , Mai Gang , Guha-Sapir Debarati 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEpidemiological studies have indicated that natural disasters have important impacts on ischemic stroke. This study determined the associations between natural disasters and the incidence and prevalence of ischemic stroke at the global level. A 28-year ecological trend study was performed to estimate worldwide changes in the incidence and prevalence of ischemic stroke and their associations with natural disasters by analyzing data from 193 countries. Quantum geographic information system-based visualization and multivariable linear regression were used. Changes in the incidence and prevalence of ischemic stroke, as well as disaster occurrence, varied among the different regions over the past 28 years (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression revealed an independent and positive association between disaster occurrence and the incidence of ischemic stroke in males, females and both sexes combined (standardized coefficients = 0.515, 0.470 and 0.483, p < 0.001); similar associations were found for the prevalence of ischemic stroke (standardized coefficients = 0.471, 0.417 and 0.438, p < 0.001). The incidence and prevalence of ischemic stroke changed significantly at the global level and were independently associated with natural disasters. Both males and females show common but different vulnerabilities to natural disasters. This evidence supports policy making and resource allocation for disaster response and disease burden reduction.
Effective deep learning approaches for predicting COVID-19 outcomes from chest computed tomography volumes
Authors: Ortiz Anthony , Trivedi Anusua , Desbiens Jocelyn , Blazes Marian , Robinson Caleb , Gupta Sunil , Dodhia Rahul , Bhatraju Pavan K. , Liles W. Conrad , Lee Aaron , Ferres Juan M. Lavista 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe rapid evolution of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in an urgent need for effective clinical tools to reduce transmission and manage severe illness. Numerous teams are quickly developing artificial intelligence approaches to these problems, including using deep learning to predict COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis from chest computed tomography (CT) imaging data. In this work, we assess the value of aggregated chest CT data for COVID-19 prognosis compared to clinical metadata alone. We develop a novel patient-level algorithm to aggregate the chest CT volume into a 2D representation that can be easily integrated with clinical metadata to distinguish COVID-19 pneumonia from chest CT volumes from healthy participants and participants with other viral pneumonia. Furthermore, we present a multitask model for joint segmentation of different classes of pulmonary lesions present in COVID-19 infected lungs that can outperform individual segmentation models for each task. We directly compare this multitask segmentation approach to combining feature-agnostic volumetric CT classification feature maps with clinical metadata for predicting mortality. We show that the combination of features derived from the chest CT volumes improve the AUC performance to 0.80 from the 0.52 obtained by using patients’ clinical data alone. These approaches enable the automated extraction of clinically relevant features from chest CT volumes for risk stratification of COVID-19 patients.
Enhanced quantitative method for the diagnosis of grade 1 cardiac amyloidosis in 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy
Authors: Mallón Araujo María del Carmen , Abou Jokh Casas Estephany , Abou Jokh Casas Charigan , Aguiar Fernández Pablo , Martínez Monzonís María Amparo , Sopeña Pérez-Argüelles Bernardo , Pubul Núñez Virginia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe lack of a standardized cut-off value in the quantitative method and an inter-observer disagreement in the evaluation of the semiquantitative score in 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy leaves several patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA) undiagnosed (grade 1 and H/CL: 1–1.49). This study aims to increase diagnostic productivity of 99mTc-DPD scintigraphy in CA. This is a retrospective study of 170 patients with suspicion of CA. A total of 81 (47.6%) were classified as transthyretin CA (TTR-CA) and 9 (5.3%) as light-chain CA (LC-CA) applying the visual score. An enhanced quantitative method and cut-off point were attempted to reclassify inconclusive patients and reduce inter-observer variability. Applying the proposed quantitative method, of the 19 patients with grade 1 uptake, 2 became grade 0 (none-CA), 2 were reclassified as grade 3 (TTR-CA), and 2 were regrouped as grade 2 (1 TTR-CA and 1 LC-CA). Adjusting the quantitative method’s cut-off value to 1.3, four patients previously inconclusive were reclassified as TTR-CA, the diagnosis was confirmed in 3 and rejected in 1. When a 1.3 threshold is compared to 1.5, the sensitivity increases to 94% without reducing its specificity. The quantitative method improves the visual interpretation, reclassifying doubtful cases. The optimization of the cut-off value from 1.5 to 1.3 reclassifies a higher percentage of patients as TTR-CA with a higher sensitivity without reducing its specificity.
Comprehensive characterization and molecular insights into the salt tolerance of a Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase from an Indian Mangrove, Avicennia marina
Authors: Sarkar Rajat Kanti , Bhowmik Moumita , Biswas Sarkar Moumita , Sircar Gaurab , Bhattacharya Kashinath 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSuperoxide dismutases are important group of antioxidant metallozyme and play important role in ROS homeostasis in salinity stress. The present study reports the biochemical properties of a salt-tolerant Cu, Zn-superoxide from Avicennia marina (Am_SOD). Am_SOD was purified from the leaf and identified by mass-spectrometry. Recombinant Am_SOD cDNA was bacterially expressed as a homodimeric protein. Enzyme kinetics revealed a high substrate affinity and specific activity of Am_SOD as compared to many earlier reported SODs. An electronic transition in 360–400 nm spectra of Am_SOD is indicative of Cu2+-binding. Am_SOD activity was potentially inhibited by diethyldithiocarbamate and H2O2, a characteristic of Cu, Zn-SOD. Am_SOD exhibited conformational and functional stability at high NaCl concentration as well in alkaline pH. Introgression of Am_SOD in E. coli conferred tolerance to oxidative stress under highly saline condition. Am_SOD was moderately thermostable and retained functional activity at ~ 60 °C. In-silico analyses revealed 5 solvent-accessible N-terminal residues of Am_SOD that were less hydrophobic than those at similar positions of non-halophilic SODs. Substituting these 5 residues with non-halophilic counterparts resulted in > 50% reduction in salt-tolerance of Am_SOD. This indicates a cumulative role of these residues in maintaining low surface hydrophobicity of Am_SOD and consequently high salt tolerance. The molecular information on antioxidant activity and salt-tolerance of Am_SOD may have potential application in biotechnology research. To our knowledge, this is the first report on salt-tolerant SOD from mangrove.
Mid-wall striae fibrosis predicts heart failure admission, composite heart failure events, and life-threatening arrhythmias in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Purmah Yanish , Cornhill Aidan , Lei Lucy Y. , Dykstra Steven , Mikami Yoko , Satriano Alessandro , Labib Dina , Flewitt Jacqueline , Rivest Sandra , Sandonato Rosa , Seib Michelle , Howarth Andrew G. , Lydell Carmen P. , Heydari Bobak , Merchant Naeem , Bristow Michael , Kolman Louis , Fine Nowell M. , White James A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHeart failure (HF) admission is a dominant contributor to morbidity and healthcare costs in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Mid-wall striae (MWS) fibrosis by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging has been associated with elevated arrhythmia risk. However, its capacity to predict HF-specific outcomes is poorly defined. We investigated its role to predict HF admission and relevant secondary outcomes in a large cohort of DCM patients. 719 patients referred for LGE MRI assessment of DCM were enrolled and followed for clinical events. Standardized image analyses and interpretations were conducted inclusive of coding the presence and patterns of fibrosis observed by LGE imaging. The primary clinical outcome was hospital admission for decompensated HF. Secondary heart failure and arrhythmic composite endpoints were also studied. Median age was 57 (IQR 47–65) years and median LVEF 40% (IQR 29–47%). Any fibrosis was observed in 228 patients (32%) with MWS fibrosis pattern present in 178 (25%). At a median follow up of 1044 days, 104 (15%) patients experienced the primary outcome, and 127 (18%) the secondary outcome. MWS was associated with a 2.14-fold risk of the primary outcome, 2.15-fold risk of the secondary HF outcome, and 2.23-fold risk of the secondary arrhythmic outcome. Multivariable analysis adjusting for all relevant covariates, inclusive of LVEF, showed patients with MWS fibrosis to experience a 1.65-fold increased risk (95% CI 1.11–2.47) of HF admission and 1-year event rate of 12% versus 7% without this phenotypic marker. Similar findings were observed for the secondary outcomes. Patients with LVEF > 35% plus MWS fibrosis experienced similar event rates to those with LVEF ≤ 35%. MWS fibrosis is a powerful and independent predictor of clinical outcomes in patients with DCM, identifying patients with LVEF > 35% who experience similar event rates to those with LVEF below this conventionally employed high-risk phenotype threshold.
Efficacy and safety of activated prothrombin complex concentrate for the reversal of vitamin K antagonist major bleeding
Authors: Sheikh-Taha Marwan , Crawley R. Monroe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractData on the use of activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) for the management of warfarin associated major bleeding is sparse. The objective of the study was to assess the achievement of effective clinical hemostasis using aPCC in patients presenting with major bleeding while on warfarin. We also assessed the safety of the drug. This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching center in the USA where patients with major bleeding while receiving warfarin, and received aPCC were included. Efficacy of aPCC in achieving effective hemostasis was assessed according to the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Scientific and Standardization Subcommittee criteria. Efficacy was also assessed by achieving INR < 1.5 after treatment. The primary safety endpoint was the occurrence of any thromboembolic complications. A total of 67 patients were included in the study. The most common site for bleeding was intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 37, 55.2%), followed by gastrointestinal bleed (n = 26, 38.8%). Clinical hemostasis was achieved in 46 (68.7%) patients and of the 21 (31.3%) patients who did not achieve clinical hemostasis, 16 died. Thirty nine (58.2%) patients achieved INR < 1.5. Five (7.5%) patients developed thromboembolic complications. This study suggests that the use of aPCCs is effective in achieving effective hemostasis in patients on warfarin presenting with major bleeding.
Understanding the magnetic anisotropy for linear sandwich [Er(COT)]+-based compounds: a theoretical investigation
Authors: Ding Man-Man , Shang Tao , Hu Rui , Zhang Yi-Quan 
Published: February 2022

High axial symmetry is also preferable for prolate shaped ErIII to behave as a high-performance SIM. A medium ligand ring of benzene is preferable for prolate shaped ErIII ion, which can induce the modest energy splitting and the small TA-QTM.
Energetic structure of Sm3+ luminescence centers in Sr2TiO4
Authors: Szczodrowski K. , Górecka N. , Tojek M. , Lazarowska A. , Majewska N. , Mahlik S. 
Published: February 2022

Presence of two Sm luminescent centres as a result of different compensation mechanisms in matrix characterized by only one crystallographic site of Sr. Values of energy gap and 4f transitions allow us to determine energetic structure of the system.
Underwater image enhancement with latent consistency learning‐based color transfer
Authors: Yang Hua , Tian Fei , Qi Qi , Wu Q. M. Jonathan , Li Kunqian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDue to the inevitable wavelength‐dependent light absorption and forward/backward scattering, underwater images usually suffer severe color distortion and are hazy. It has become quite necessary to improve the visual quality of underwater images for both underwater observation and operation. Traditional enhancement methods and existing deep learning‐based approaches to underwater image enhancement usually produce unsatisfactory results for photographs taken in complicated, wild underwater scenes. In such scenes, complex and diverse degradation‐enhancement mappings are often difficult to model, especially since there are very limited samples available for learning. Inspired by the success of color‐transfer techniques, it is found that clear template image‐assisted color transfer is a promising strategy for underwater image enhancement, including not only color correction but also contrast and visibility improvement. Therefore, instead of directly learning the complex deep enhancement models, it is proposed to select proper color‐transfer templates by learning the latent consistency between the templates and the raw underwater images. The proposed new enhancement strategy alleviates the problem caused by incomplete color‐correction models and provides more stable enhancements by utilizing color transfer with consideration of global color distribution consistency and local visual contrast. Comprehensive experiments conducted on UIEB, RUIE, URPC and SQUID datasets demonstrate the good performance and great potential of the proposed new underwater image enhancement strategy.
Lessening gap loss concentration problems in nanocrystalline cores by alloy gap replacement
Authors: Guo Xuan , Ran Li , Tavner Peter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA simple method is proposed here to improve the gap loss concentration problem of a nanocrystalline core in an LCL filter inductor for high switching frequency converters using SiC devices. This alloy‐gapped inductor design aims to reach two primary goals. First, to reduce the concentrated gap loss in a nanocrystalline core. Second, decrease the maximum temperature around the gap region and lead to more even temperature distribution. A finite element (FE) power loss and thermal models, validated by experiment, have been created to evaluate the proposed design. Based on the FE model results, the eddy current loss on the surfaces, which used to have the most severe gap loss is reduced by either 70% or 40% for the two commonly used winding placements. The total eddy current loss can be reduced by 29% and 27% for those two winding placements. In addition, FEA thermal model indicates that the hotspot temperature can be significantly decreased, and the nanocrystalline core can achieve a more uniform temperature distribution by this design, which can be a potential downsize method for the nanocrystalline core inductor.