bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changepoint detection in autocorrelated ordinal categorical time series
Authors: Li Mo , Lu QiQi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article considers changepoint detection in serially correlated categorical time series. While changepoint aspects in correlated sequences of continuous random variables have been extensively explored in the literature, changepoint methods for independent categorical time series are only now coming into vogue. This study extends changepoint methods by developing techniques for correlated categorical time series. Here, a cumulative sum type test is devised to test for a single changepoint in a correlated categorical data sequence. Our categorical series is constructed from a latent Gaussian process through clipping techniques. A sequential parameter estimation method is proposed to estimate the parameters in this model. The methods are illustrated via simulations and applied to a real categorized rainfall time series from Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Gastroprotective polysaccharide from natural sources: Review on structure, mechanism, and structure–activity relationship
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Yin , Yin Jun‐Yi , Hu Jie‐Lun , Nie Shao‐Ping , Xie Ming‐Yong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolysaccharides from natural sources have the potentials in being used as substitutes of chemosynthetic drugs for gastroprotection because of its safety and efficacy. For giving a better understanding of gastroprotective polysaccharides, the research progress on preparation, structure, bioactivity, and their action mechanism is comprehensively summarized in this review. Moreover, the structure–activity relationship of gastroprotective polysaccharides is discussed. Accumulating evidence has indicated that natural polysaccharides, which were widely prepared by water extraction and column chromatography purifications, exhibited gastroprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. The action mechanism might be related to gastric secretions, promotion of gastric defensive factor releases, antioxidation, anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptosis, and facilitation of proliferation. Phenolic compounds, molecular weight and conformation, monosaccharide composition, backbone structure and side chain, and functional group have great influences on the gastroprotective activities of polysaccharides. This review gives comprehensive guidance to the exploitation and application of natural polysaccharides in food and other industries for gastroprotection.
Microglial AIM2 alleviates antiviral‐related neuro‐inflammation in mouse models of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Rui Wen‐Juan , Li Sheng , Yang Lin , Liu Ying , Fan Yi , Hu Ying‐Chao , Ma Chun‐Mei , Wang Bing‐Wei , Shi Jing‐Ping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInflammasome involvement in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been intensively investigated. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is an essential inflammasome protein known to contribute to the development of several neurological diseases. However, a specific role for AIM2 in PD has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of AIM2 in the N‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1, 2, 3, 6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced PD model by use of various knockout and bone marrow chimeric mice. The mechanism of action for AIM2 in PD was assessed by RNA‐sequencing and in vitro primary microglial transfection. Results were validated in the A30P transgenic mouse model of PD. In the MPTP mouse model, AIM2 activation was found to negatively regulate neuro‐inflammation independent of the inflammasome. Microglial AIM2 deficiency exacerbated behavioral and pathological features of both MPTP‐induced and transgenic PD mouse models. Mechanistically, AIM2 reduced cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)‐mediated antiviral‐related inflammation by inhibition of AKT‐interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation. These results demonstrate microglial AIM2 to inhibit the antiviral‐related neuro‐inflammation associated with PD and provide for a foundation upon which to identify new therapeutic targets for treatment of the disease.
Quantum‐chemical modeling of polypyrrole structure in neutral complexes with electron density acceptors
Authors: Zyubin Alexander S. , Zyubina Tatyana S. , Istakova Olga I. , Talagaeva Nataliia V. , Zolotukhina Ekaterina V. , Vorotyntsev Mikhail A. , Konev Dmitry V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuantum chemical approach has been applied for modeling the change in the conformation of the polypyrrole (PPy) chain both in its neutral and positively charged (doped) states due to its interaction with incorporated counterions. Polymer has been modeled by oligopyrrole molecule of 9–15 monomer units. It is shown that it is energetically favorable to reorient the pyrrole rings closest to the anion from trans to cis position. This reorientation leads to the formation of meanders which include 3–5 pyrrole rings per loop. Reduction in the loop size decreases the energy of interaction with the ion while an increase in the loop size reduces the number of attached ionic species accompanied by a slight change in their interaction energy with the PPy chain. The observed effect of polymer chain structuring in the presence of anions is proposed as a possible reason explaining the experimentally recorded broadening of the electroactivity potential region and the conductive state of the polypyrrole film on the electrode surface as a result of multiple repetitions of charge/discharge cycles of the polymer chain. Vibrational spectra of oligopyrrole complexes have been calculated, and prospects for experimental detection of predicted conformational states by IR spectroscopy are assessed.
Pediatric Sedation/Anesthesia forMRI: Results From the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium
Authors: Mallory Michael D. , Travers Curtis , Cravero Joseph P. , Kamat Pradip P. , Tsze Daniel , Hertzog James H. 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most common imaging procedure requiring sedation/anesthesia in children. Understanding adverse events associated with sedation/anesthesia is important in making decisions regarding MRI vs. other imaging modalities. No large studies have evaluated the practice of pediatric sedation/anesthesia for MRI by a variety of pediatric specialists.PurposeUtilize a large pediatric sedation database to characterize the patients and adverse events associated with sedation/anesthesia for pediatric MRI.Study TypeRetrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.SubjectsThe Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium (PSRC) has 109,947 entries for sedations for MRI from November 10, 2011 through December 18, 2017.AssessmentPatient demographics, sedative medications, interventions, and adverse events are described. Associations with adverse events were assessed. Trends in sedative medications used over time are examined.Statistical TestsDescriptive statistics, Chi‐Squared and Fisher's Exact tests for categorical variables, logistic regression and assessment of trend using logistic regression and other method.ResultsA total of 109,947 MRI‐related sedations were examined. Most subjects (66.2%) were 5 years old or younger. Seizure or other neurologic issue prompted MRI in 63.7% of cases. Providers responsible for sedation/anesthesia included intensivists (49.3%), emergency medicine physicians (28.2%), hospitalists (10.2%), and anesthesiologists (9.8%). The most commonly used sedative agent was propofol (89.1%). The most common airway intervention was supplemental oxygen (71.7%), followed by head/airway repositioning (20.6%). Airway‐related adverse events occurred in 8.4% of patients. Serious adverse events occurred in only 0.06% of patients, including three cases of cardiac arrest. No mortality was recorded. There was a statistically significant increase in the use of dexmedetomidine over time.Data ConclusionsOverall, adverse event rates were low. Sedation/anesthesia with propofol infusion and natural airway was the most common method used by this varied group of sedation providers. The use of dexmedetomidine increased over time.Evidence Level4Technical EfficacyStage 5
Design of Antimicrobial Polymers
Authors: Pham Phuong , Oliver Susan , Boyer Cyrille 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAntibiotic resistance has become a critical issue, alarming the healthcare and agriculture sectors worldwide. Thanks to rapid advancements in polymer science, antimicrobial polymers (AMPs) have been developed as a mimic version of host‐defense peptides (a part of natural immune systems of multicellular organisms) to mitigate antibiotic resistance. By exploiting advanced polymerization techniques, polymer structures are easily manipulated in a well‐defined controlled manner, enabling precise and accurate evaluation of the structure–activity relationship. Recent years have witnessed the blossoming of antimicrobial polymer development. This review provides comprehensive insight into antimicrobial polymers from concept to structure design, to biofunction control. Along with the optimization of intrinsic factors, including compositional and topological features, external factors like induced conformation upon exposure to specific targeting pathogens should be considered in AMP design and optimization. Furthermore, the new design approaches of smart response platforms (or bacterial‐induced triggering systems) and targeting specific administration dosage forms for specific pathogens are also discussed as prospective strategies to address the remaining challenge of toxicity while maintaining or even enhancing antimicrobial potency.
Maternal Kangaroo care education program in the neonatal intensive care unit improved mothers' perceptions, knowledge, perceived barriers and stress relates to premature infant
Authors: Samsudin Sharmiza , Chui Ping Lei , Kamar Azanna Binti Ahmad , Abdullah Khatijah Lim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of the maternal kangaroo care education programme over 1 month and 3 months on the mother's perception, knowledge, perceived barriers and stress.DesignA quasi‐experimental and longitudinal study was conducted among mothers with premature infants.MethodsForty‐eight mother‐infant dyads were enrolled per arm in the control and experimental groups. The control group received standard routine care, while the experimental group received a maternal kangaroo care education program. Data were collected through self‐administered Kangaroo Care Questionnaires. Chi‐square, the general linear model and repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyse data.ResultsThe demographics are a majority of Malay mothers with multipara, a caesarean delivery with prematurity. At 3 months post‐intervention, the experimental group reported a significant reduction in stress, a positive perception and good knowledge towards kangaroo care implementation. The mothers' perceived barriers towards kangaroo care significantly decreased after 3 months in the experimental group.
Additive manufacturing of smart polymeric composites: Literature review and future perspectives
Authors: Ikram Hamid , Al Rashid Ans , Koç Muammer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe latest developments in smart systems for improved human lives with advanced biomedical devices have evolved out of multi‐disciplinary scientific studies, including medicine, biology, material sciences, design, manufacturing, artificial intelligence, microelectronics, and so forth. The growth of such intelligent systems is primarily possible with innovative materials, which demonstrate the response to various external stimuli like temperature, heat, moisture, light, electromagnetic field, and chemical alteration. Such materials have been recently fabricated using different additive manufacturing techniques to devise personalized unique, complex, and novel structures that can adjust to external conditions over time and are specifically attributed to 4D printing. Novel materials that can further improve such systems continued to be explored and employed. This review paper investigates the additive manufacturing of functional polymer nanocomposites, which offer compliant structures with flexible manufacturing processes with high strength, low cost, and long‐term stability. This study aims to deliver a comprehensive and deep understanding of the latest developments in materials, design, manufacturing, fundamental mechanisms involved, and future possibilities in this area of research.
Synthesis and characterization of enhanced conductivity acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene based composites suitable for fused filament fabrication
Authors: Relinque José J. , Romero‐Ocaña Ismael , Navas‐Martos Francisco J. , Delgado Francisco J. , Domínguez Manuel , Molina Sergio I. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis work reports on the design and preparation of composites based on a high impact acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene polymer matrix filled either with aluminium microparticles or graphite nanoplatelets. A surfactant and tin were further added to improve the dispersion and adhesion of the fillers in an attempt to improve the conductivity of the materials. The composites were obtained via twin‐screw extrusion and their performance in fused filament fabrication was successfully tested and compared with other conventional ways of manufacturing plastic parts. Furthermore, the composites were characterized in terms of structure, composition, and thermal/electrical properties. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, as well as energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, allowed to confirm the presence of added particles and their dispersion within the polymer matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry and conductivity measurements completed the study and revealed enhanced conductivity in the composites as well as a huge decrease in electrical resistivity of the graphite nanoplatelets‐filled nanocomposites, thus resulting in semiconductor materials.
Ascendancy of pH‐irresponsive Moi gum in the design of modified xanthan gum semi‐interpenetrating network hydrogels for monitoring diabetes
Authors: Patel Jwala , Moorthy N. S. Hari Narayana , Maiti Sabyasachi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis investigation used Moi gum to develop semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel particles with carboxymethyl xanthan gum in aqueous environment using aluminum chloride as crosslinker. The semi‐IPN hydrogel systems had >90% of drug entrapment efficiency. Increase in Moi gum concentration from 33.33% to 66.66% reduced swelling of semi‐IPN hydrogel particles by 17.6% and 23.3% in pH 1.2 and pH 6.8, respectively in 2 h. The semi‐IPN hydrogel particles made up of 66.66% Moi gum released 94.8% of drug in 8 h. The modified xanthan gum alone however released about 98% drug in 3 h in simulated gastrointestinal pH. Irrespective of pH, the drug release followed an anomalous diffusion mechanism. FTIR analysis did not reveal any drug‐polymer interaction. The thermal and x‐ray diffraction investigations suggested amorphous state of drug in semi‐IPN hydrogel system. Moreover, the hydrogel systems demonstrated more than 90% Caco‐2 cell viability which supported the non‐toxic nature of the hydrogel system. Preclinical experiments on male albino rats showed that the semi‐IPN hydrogel systems could allow monitoring of anti‐diabetic efficacy over 8 h. Overall, a suitable combination of negatively charged and neutral polysaccharides appeared promising in developing semi‐IPN hydrogel particles, which could tailor the drug delivery performance, especially the drug release process and preclinical anti‐diabetic activity.
Gold Raspberry Shell Grown onto Nonspherical Lithium Niobate Nanoparticles for Second Harmonic Generation and Photothermal Applications
Authors: Taitt Rachael , Urbain Mathias , Bredillet Kévin , Behel Zacharie , Ceccone Giacomo , Bañuls‐Ciscar Jorge , Beauquis Sandrine , Mugnier Yannick , Brevet Pierre‐François , Le Dantec Ronan , Chevolot Yann , Monnier Virginie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) containing a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) core and a gold shell are prepared using a combination of seeded‐growth and layer‐by‐layer approaches. The method includes first the surface charge reversal of lithium niobate with branched polyethyleimine, second, the electrostatic binding of gold seeds, and third, successive reduction steps of gold chloride onto the gold‐seeded LiNbO3NPs for the progressive and surface‐directed growth of the gold shell. The influence of three synthesis parameters, namely, pH, initial density of gold seeds covering the lithium niobate core, and gold chloride concentration, on the NPs’ characteristics (structural properties, plasmon band, surface charge, hydrodynamic diameter) is studied. The progress of the gold shell growth is investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. In addition, it is shown that LN@Au core–shell NPs can emit a second harmonic generation signal when excited by a femtosecond laser. Finally, photothermal properties are studied, showing an increase of temperature of 8.6 °C upon infrared excitation, with an estimated light‐to‐heat conversion efficiency of 40% and a specific absorption rate of 8000 W g−1.
Schwebende Bauten – die adidas ARENA in Herzogenaurach
Authors: Schmid Angelika , Sauerborn Norbert , Feulner Lars 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDas Büro‐ und Empfangsgebäude ARENA der Konzernzentrale adidas World of Sports in Herzogenaurach bietet nicht nur ein neues Arbeitsplatzkonzept für mehr als 2000 Mitarbeiter:innen, sondern bot auch während des Baus Raum für Innovation. Für die Tragwerksplanung galt es, den anspruchsvollen architektonischen Entwurf so umzusetzen, dass die Leichtigkeit der aufgeständerten Konstruktion sichtbar wird und das „Activity based working concept“ des Bauherrn ohne raumtrennende Elemente gewährleistet werden kann. Gleichzeitig musste die Integration der haustechnischen Anlagen sichergestellt sowie der Stahlverbrauch und die Baubarkeit des anspruchsvollen Tragwerks berücksichtigt werden. Über viele Herausforderungen in Statik, Konstruktion und Fertigung hinaus bildeten insbesondere die in Deutschland erstmalige Anwendung der sog. Cardington‐Methode sowie die hydraulische Hubmontage besondere Höhepunkte.
Recalibration of low seismic excitations in Brazil through probabilistic and deterministic analyses: Application for shear buildings structures
Authors: Zacchei Enrico , Lyra Pedro H. C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBrazil has a low level of seismicity compared to several other regions in the world; however, some significant earthquakes occurred. In this article, four techniques have been used to define new seismic inputs: probabilistic seismic hazard, elastic spectra, synthetic spectra, and artificial accelerograms. To carry out the probabilistic analysis, new seismogenic zones for southeast Brazil established in 2018 have been implemented. Elastic response spectra follow the Brazilian code, whereas the synthetic response spectra have been defined by using attenuation equations. Finally, the artificial accelerograms have been developed using analytical models. Modified Brazilian elastic response spectra by considering the results of the probabilistic seismic hazard analyses are proposed. Artificial accelerations, consistent to the non‐modified and modified elastic response spectra, show that for non‐modified spectra the structural response increases of ~2.50 times. Data for seismogenic zones and specific analytical equations to obtain the probability of non‐exceedance of the spectral accelerations have been adapted for this study. An application for shear buildings was analyzed.
Experimental test on precast concrete reinforcement connector technology based on strong lapping concept
Authors: Yang Xinlei , Lu Yunyun , Zhao Hu 
Published: August 2022

SummaryNowadays, the grouted splice sleeve and grouting‐anchoring overlap‐joint of steel bars are widely used as a connection method between precast concrete elements. However, the further development of these connection methods in the engineering is limited because of the high construction cost and complex construction technology in China. Hence, a precast concrete reinforcement connector, that is, double‐pipe connector (D‐P connector) based on strong lapping concept, was proposed, and the feasibility of the D‐P connector was validated by tensile tests, and the failure pattern and mechanical properties of the specimens were observed. Then, the wall panel specimens that connectors were surrounded by concrete were tested to prove the constraint effect of surrounding concrete on the connecting members. Finally, the influences of the parameters, including grout strength, grout height, and connector length, on the failure pattern and mechanical properties of the specimens were investigated. The results show that the influence of the parameters on the performance of the specimens is insignificant, demonstrating that the infill material was mainly used to fix the relative positions of the bar and the D‐P connector. To save cost effectively, high‐strength grout could be replaced by common cement slurry, and the length of D‐P connector could be properly reduced.
European guideline on obesity care in patients with gastrointestinal and liver diseases – Joint European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism / United European Gastroenterology guideline
Authors: Bischoff Stephan C. , Barazzoni Rocco , Busetto Luca , Campmans‐Kuijpers Marjo , Cardinale Vincenzo , Chermesh Irit , Eshraghian Ahad , Kani Haluk Tarik , Khannoussi Wafaa , Lacaze Laurence , Léon‐Sanz Miguel , Mendive Juan M. , Müller Michael W. , Ockenga Johann , Tacke Frank , Thorell Anders , Vranesic Bender Darija , Weimann Arved , Cuerda Cristina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), celiac disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), pancreatitis, and chronic liver disease (CLD) often suffer from obesity because of coincidence (IBD, IBS, celiac disease) or related pathophysiology (GERD, pancreatitis and CLD). It is unclear if such patients need a particular diagnostic and treatment that differs from the needs of lean GI patients. The present guideline addresses this question according to current knowledge and evidence.ObjectiveThe objective of the guideline is to give advice to all professionals working in the field of gastroenterology care including physicians, surgeons, dietitians and others how to handle patients with GI disease and obesity.MethodsThe present guideline was developed according to the standard operating procedure for European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism guidelines, following the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network grading system (A, B, 0, and good practice point [GPP]). The procedure included an online voting (Delphi) and a final consensus conference.ResultsIn 100 recommendations (3x A, 33x B, 24x 0, 40x GPP, all with a consensus grade of 90% or more) care of GI patients with obesity – including sarcopenic obesity – is addressed in a multidisciplinary way. A particular emphasis is on CLD, especially fatty liver disease, since such diseases are closely related to obesity, whereas liver cirrhosis is rather associated with sarcopenic obesity. A special chapter is dedicated to obesity care in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The guideline focuses on adults, not on children, for whom data are scarce. Whether some of the recommendations apply to children must be left to the judgment of the experienced pediatrician.ConclusionThe present guideline offers for the first time evidence‐based advice how to care for patients with chronic GI diseases and concomitant obesity, an increasingly frequent constellation in clinical practice.