bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing two identically protocolized, multicentre, randomized controlled trials on caregiver-mediated exercises poststroke: Any differences across countries?
Authors: Mulder Marijn , Nijland Rinske H. M. , Vloothuis Judith D. M. , van den Berg Maayken , Crotty Maria , Kwakkel Gert , van Wegen Erwin E. H. 
Published: January 2022

Background
The evidence for rehabilitation interventions poststroke lack sufficient robustness. However, variation in treatment effects across countries have been given little attention.

Objective
To compare two identically protocolized trials conducted in different western countries in order to identify factors that may have caused variation in secondary trial outcomes.

Methods
Comparative study based on individual patient data (N = 129) from two randomized controlled trials, conducted in hospitals and rehabilitation facilities in the Netherlands (N = 66) and Australia (N = 63). Patients with stroke and their caregivers were randomly allocated to an 8-week caregiver-mediated exercises intervention (N = 63; 31 Australian and 32 Dutch) or to a control group (N = 66; 32 Australian and 34 Dutch). Patient characteristics, compliance, usual care and process measures were compared across countries. We examined if study setting significantly moderated the trial outcomes: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale and General Self-Efficacy Scale, measured at 8- and 12 weeks follow-up. In addition, we explored if factors that were significantly different across countries caused variation in these trial outcomes.

Results
Most patients suffered an ischemic stroke, were in the subacute phase and participated with their partner. Dutch patients were younger (P = 0.005) and had a lower functional status (P = 0.001). Australian patients were recruited earlier poststroke (P<0.001), spent less time in exercise therapy (P<0.001) and had a shorter length of stay (P<0.001). The level of contamination was higher (P = 0.040) among Dutch controls. No effect modification was observed and trial outcomes did not change after controlling for cross-country differences.

Conclusions
The present study highlighted important clinical differences across countries whilst using an identical study protocol. The observed differences could result in a different potential for recovery and variation in treatment effects across trials. We argue that we can proceed faster to evaluating interventions within international pragmatic trials.
Impaired pulmonary ventilation beyond pneumonia in COVID-19: A preliminary observation
Authors: Inui Shohei , Yoon Soon Ho , Doganay Ozkan , Gleeson Fergus V. , Kim Minsuok 
Published: January 2022

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may severely impair pulmonary function and cause hypoxia. However, the association of COVID-19 pneumonia on CT with impaired ventilation remains unexplained. This pilot study aims to demonstrate the relationship between the radiological findings on COVID-19 CT images and ventilation abnormalities simulated in a computational model linked to the patients’ symptoms.

Methods
Twenty-five patients with COVID-19 and four test-negative healthy controls who underwent a baseline non-enhanced CT scan: 7 dyspneic patients, 9 symptomatic patients without dyspnea, and 9 asymptomatic patients were included. A 2D U-Net-based CT segmentation software was used to quantify radiological futures of COVID-19 pneumonia. The CT image-based full-scale airway network (FAN) flow model was employed to assess regional lung ventilation. Functional and radiological features were compared across groups and correlated with the clinical symptoms. Heterogeneity in ventilation distribution and ventilation defects associated with the pneumonia and the patients’ symptoms were assessed.

Results
Median percentage ventilation defects were 0.2% for healthy controls, 0.7% for asymptomatic patients, 1.2% for symptomatic patients without dyspnea, and 11.3% for dyspneic patients. The median of percentage pneumonia was 13.2% for dyspneic patients and 0% for the other groups. Ventilation defects preferentially affected the posterior lung and worsened with increasing pneumonia linearly (y = 0.91x + 0.99, R2 = 0.73) except for one of the nine dyspneic patients who had disproportionally large ventilation defects (7.8% of the entire lung) despite mild pneumonia (1.2%). The symptomatic and dyspneic patients showed significantly right-skewed ventilation distributions (symptomatic without dyspnea: 0.86 ± 0.61, dyspnea 0.91 ± 0.79) compared to the patients without symptom (0.45 ± 0.35). The ventilation defect analysis with the FAN model provided a comparable diagnostic accuracy to the percentage pneumonia in identifying dyspneic patients (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.94 versus 0.96).

Conclusions
COVID-19 pneumonia segmentations from CT scans are accompanied by impaired pulmonary ventilation preferentially in dyspneic patients. Ventilation analysis with CT image-based computational modelling shows it is able to assess functional impairment in COVID-19 and potentially identify one of the aetiologies of hypoxia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Scientific Evolution of Philosophical Concepts of the Origins of Universe and Life
Authors: Agostini Cristina de Souza , Silveira Isabel Porto da , Polla Cauê Cardoso 
Published: January 2022

In order to demonstrate the great importance of Philosophy in the elaboration of current scientific theories, a parallel was drawn between concepts of pre-Socratic Philosophy and current modern theories. Thus, throughout this essay, the convergences between some elaborations developed by philosophers and their reinterpretation from a scientific point of view, supported by the scientific method and the present technological apparatuses, were exposed. In this sense, having as its core the reflection about the atomic theory of Leucippus and Democritus, we investigate the way in which atomism dialogues with the modern Atomic Theory to the Quantum Theory, through concepts of Kosmos and Cosmology. In a second moment, origin of life theories were revisited from the pre-Socratic concepts of Psykhe. Finally, Philosophy and Science are brought together as possible and complementary tools for the restoration of the amplification of thought and investigative processes.
Key points to succeed in Artificial Intelligence drug discovery projects
Authors: Perron Quentin , da Silva Vinicius Barros Ribeiro , Atwood Brian , Gaston-Mathé Yann 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Drug discovery and development is an expensive, complex, and time-consuming task [5]. Recently, the development of artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to drug discovery, specifically de novo drug design through the use of deep generative models, has triggered a lot of interest in the drug hunter community, especially as an important tool to speed up the process [6].
Corporeal narrative of insatiable desire in David Foster Wallace’sInfinite Jest
Authors: Wan Xiaomeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConsidering addiction to be the central concern of David Foster Wallace’sInfinite Jest(1996), this article sees the human body as both a storytelling agent and a described object. It explores insatiable desire as essence of addiction, focusing on the interaction between characters’ bodies and their desires. This article seeks to further examine corporeal narrative techniques in the novel with a particular focus on the relationship between narrative bodies and time or space, the differential embodiments of bodies, and the text’s manipulation of the reader’s body. Adopting varied corporeal narrative techniques, Wallace warns readers against indulging one’s desire for addictive satisfaction – especially with regard to passive entertainment – and indicates the vulnerability of the human mind and body to desire. In this way, the reader not only observes the characters’ external actions and internal feelings under insatiable desire from a third-person perspective, but they also have the chance to feel similar desires within themselves.
Translating COVID-19 information into Yiddish for the UK Hasidic community
Authors: Belk Zoe , Kahn Lily Okalani , Szendrői Kriszta Eszter , Yampolskaya Sonya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This article documents a recent project translating COVID-19 information into Yiddish for the benefit of the Hasidic Jewish communities in London’s Stamford Hill and in Manchester in the UK. The translation work developed as a response to the urgent need for Yiddish-language resources specifically designed for the Hasidic community near the beginning of the pandemic. The translations were undertaken by a team consisting of linguists and native speakers of Hasidic Yiddish and took place within the framework of a research project funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council, dedicated to linguistic and sociolinguistic analysis of contemporary Hasidic Yiddish worldwide. In this article we discuss the sociolinguistic background to the translations and investigate the reasons why they were so urgently needed, before going on to address the issues encountered during the course of the translation process and the decisions taken in order to resolve them. These issues include the type of Yiddish chosen for the translations, the translation of medical terminology, gender-based linguistic differences affecting the translations, and specific cultural considerations that needed to be taken into account.
Barriers to Charitable Nonprofit Access and Advocacy amid a Pandemic: A Case Study of the Louisiana State Legislature
Authors: Riegel Stephanie M. , Mumford Steven W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Research has long established nonprofit organizations’ vital role advocating for the needs of vulnerable populations before legislative policymakers. In the best of times, it is difficult for 501(c)(3) charitable nonprofits employing grassroots advocacy to mobilize vulnerable constituencies to compete with 501(c)(4) and 501(c)(6) advocacy and special interest groups. The latter organizations inherently have greater flexibility and resources to lobby lawmakers directly, permitting greater access to influencing the policy agenda. Through a multi-method case study of the 2020 regular session of the Louisiana State Legislature, this article demonstrates how the COVID-19 pandemic’s unique contextual conditions made legislative advocacy more difficult than usual for charitable nonprofits promoting a progressive policy response to the pandemic within a politically conservative state. Conducted through interviews with nonprofit leaders and an analysis of legislative records and committee hearings, the case study reveals specific barriers that hampered charitable nonprofits’ access to the legislative process, including physical capacity restrictions and health concerns, as well as issues with virtual legislative protocols and conservative committee chairs’ discretion to ignore remote testimony. The article analyzes how these barriers negatively impacted charitable nonprofits’ ability to advocate for vulnerable populations and explores potential implications for equitable political participation and response to the pandemic.
Mass-balance based soft sensor for monitoring ash content at two-ply paperboard manufacturing
Authors: Tomperi Jani , Ohenoja Markku , Ritala Risto , Mäntylä Markku , Graeffe Jussi , Viitamäki Mikko , Juntunen Teijo , Ruusunen Mika 
Published: January 2022

AbstractContinuous and robust measurements are needed for the high end-product quality and efficient and eco-friendly process in paperboard manufacturing. As the online measurements enable the optimization of the manufacturing process making it more cost effective and environmentally friendly, these measurements must be validated carefully and continuously. This paper presents the development of a mass-balance based soft sensor for online estimation of a two-ply paperboard ash content. The developed soft sensor considers the basis weight, moisture and fiber measurements to derive the ash content of the paperboard at the reel. The development of the soft sensor was success (Mean Absolute Percentage Error was 11.80) and during the long-term simulation with measured data, this robust online estimator showed the level and changes in ash content accurately, enabling also the continuous validation of the hardware sensor.
Does foreign language alter moral judgments? Inconsistent results from two pre-registered studies with the CNI model
Authors: Nadarevic Lena , Klein Lena C. , Dierolf Janna 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent studies suggest that processing moral dilemmas in a foreign language instead of the native language increases the likelihood of moral judgments in line with the utilitarian principle. The goal of our research was to investigate the replicability and robustness of this moral foreign-language effect and to explore its underlying mechanisms by means of the CNI model—a multinomial model that allows to estimate the extent to which moral judgments are driven by people’s sensitivity to consequences (C-parameter), their sensitivity to norms (N-parameter), and their general preference for action or inaction (I-parameter). In two pre-registered studies, German participants provided moral judgments to dilemmas that were either presented in German or English. In Experiment 1, participants judged eight different dilemmas in four versions each (i.e., 32 dilemmas in total). In Experiment 2, participants judged four different dilemmas in one of the four versions (i.e., 4 dilemmas in total). Neither of the two studies replicated the moral foreign-language effect. Moreover, we also did not find reliable language effects on the three parameters of the CNI model. We conclude that if there is a moral foreign-language effect, it must be quite small and/or very fragile and context specific.
A review of the application of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography MS-based techniques for the analysis of persistent organic pollutants and ultra-trace level of organic pollutants in environmental samples
Authors: Vaye Oliver , Ngumbu Rafael Sarji , Xia Dan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Analysis of complex samples in environmental matrices poses extreme challenge for analytical chemists as the number of known and unknown compounds are numerous and have varying physical and chemical properties. The introduction, over the past decade, of comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography (GC × GC) paired with mass spectrometry (MS) has tremendously changed the analytical profiles of ultra-trace levels of organic pollutants from different environmental media. This review article provides a summary of selected articles using comprehensive 2D GC/MS-based methodologies from January 2014 to August 2019. The applications of various MS detectors, such as single (Q) and triple (QqQ) quadrupole, low resolution and high resolution time-of-flight (TOF), and the hybrid (quadrupole TOF-MS), coupled to GC × GC, and their benefits for analyzing persistent and emerging organic pollutants when applied to different environmental matrices were discussed. Emphasis was given to reviewing some applications of GC × GC-electron capture detector (ECD) and GC × GC-μECD within the specified period as these detectors have improved selectivity and sensitivity toward halogenated (bromine and chloride) compounds found in ultra-trace levels of environmental media.
Measuring Peripherality and Accessibility for Lithuanian Regional Policy
Authors: Burbulytė-Tsiskarishvili Gabrielė 
Published: January 2022

Regional policy is a very dynamic and broad concept. As we can see from Lithuanian regional policy, regions can be formed very flexibly, using different spatial areas (counties as well as municipalities). This is justified by the main purpose of regional policy – dealing with social and economic inequality. The aim of the Government is, therefore, to identify the remote territories and to divert certain assistance in time. The Government, however, uses short-handed instruments, namely economic indicators, for the revealing of problem areas in Lithuania. The article argues that this is not enough: peripherality and accessibility indicators could be calculated for Lithuanian regions. Calculations of data using the formulas presented quite clear picture and tendencies of territorial development. They proved the existence of poor development axes and good development nucleus. The trend towards institutional development of 6 potential regions in Lithuania could be envisaged.
Editorial: Special Issue on Materials for Extreme Environments, Part 2
Authors: Narayana Murty S. V. S. , Neu Richard W. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The response of materials to extreme conditions of heat flux, stresses, strain rates, and corrosive environments provides an insight into new phenomena, reveals failure modes that limit technological possibilities, and presents novel routes for making new and improved materials. Exposing materials to extreme environments induces new physical phenomena, which are central to the challenges of science. Understanding and exploiting these extreme environments is critical for facing many of the future energy challenges, as materials for these usually operate at extremes of pressure, temperature, and chemical reactivity. Identifying materials that not only survive but also perform under extreme conditions to the design requirements is a major concern in energy research. It is in this context that this special issue on materials for extreme environment becomes relevant and useful for readers in their research endeavors. It has been a pleasure to be guest editors for the two-part special issue on Materials for Extreme Environments for Materials Performance and Characterization. The first part of special issue covered 16 papers, essentially covering the areas of materials for cryogenic applications and ultrahigh temperature, advanced materials, and manufacturing technologies. The second part of the special issue contains the remaining 18 papers, essentially showcasing recent advances in materials for energy applications. There are two review articles in this volume. The first is by Prasad Reddy et al. from the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India, on “Core Materials for Sodium Cooled Fast Reactors: Past to Present and Future Prospects,” which reviews materials that are subjected to extreme conditions of intense fast-spectrum neutron irradiation, high temperatures, and mechanical/chemical fuel-cladding interactions. The second article, by Patil et al., “A Review on the Material Development and Corresponding Properties for Power Plant Applications,” brings out the recent advances in materials for power plants. These are followed by six papers each on corrosion/oxidation and welding of advanced materials for use in extreme environments. We sincerely thank both the authors and reviewers for their hard work and dedication. We wholeheartedly thank the ASTM International staff dealing with the special issues for all their efforts. We sincerely hope that you enjoy the papers in this special issue.
Kejadian Hipertensi pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Arikah Titi , Rahardjo Tri Budi Wahyuni , Widodo Sri 
Published: January 2022

Pendahuluan: Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi adalah peningkatan tekanan persisten pada pembuluh darah arteri, di mana tekanan darah sistolik â‰¥ 130 mmHg dan tekanan diastolik â‰¥ 80 mmHg. pada bulan November 2017 terdapat 102 orang ibu hamil yang hipertensi sedangkan pada bulan Desember 2017 terdapat 148 orang ibu hamil yang hipertensi, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ibu hamil dengan risiko tinggi yang disebabkan oleh hipertensi semakin hari semakin bertambah. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Kramat Jati Jakarta Timur Tahun 2019. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan disain penelitian cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh Ibu hamil yang usia kehamilannya 20 minggu keatas, dengan jumlah sampel 94 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan rekapitulasi kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square dan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan kejadian hipertensi pada ibu hamil adalah riwayat hipertensi (p=0,009), paparan asap rokok (p=0,010), obesitas (p=0,000), stress kehamilan (p=0,000) dan paritas (p=0,047). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada ibu hamil adalah olaraga ibu hamil, konsumsi garam dan umur. Variabel yang dominan pada penelitian ini adalah obesitas OR 95%CI= 8,911 2,690-29,519. Penutup: Disarankan pada Puskemas agar melakukan promosi kesehatan tentang penyakit hipertensi, dan beberapa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan penyakit hipertensi seperti melakukan menjaga berat badan agar tetap ideal, mengurangi interaksi dengan perokok, serta menjaga agar tidak stress dan juga agar melalukan pemeriksaan tekanan darah saat hamil terutama bagi yang memiliki riwayat hioertensi pada kehamilan sebelumnya.
Enterobiasis: Infeksi Kecacingan Penting pada Balita
Authors: Sumanto Didik , Alfizena M. Samroy , Kristini Tri Dewi 
Published: January 2022

Enterobiasis disebabkan oleh cacing usus yang dapat menyerang siapa saja namun lebih sering dilaporkan kasusnya pada anak. Angka kejadian tertinggi sebesar 52,6% di Godong Grobogan. Penelitian ini menggali informasi kasus enterobiasis pada balita di daerah dengan ketersediaan sumber air bersih yang kurang memadai. Observasi secara cross-sectional diskriptif dilakukan terhadap 74 balita di Desa Marong Lombok Tengah. Pengambilan specimen apusan perianal menggunakan periplaswab, lalu diperiksa secara mikroskopis, sedangkan variabel lain diobservasi dan wawancara responden. Kasus enterobiasis ditemukan sebesar 27,0% pada balita. Ketersediaan sumber air bersih hanya 21,7% dari jumlah keluarga. Kebersihan kuku balita sebanyak 48,6% kurang baik. Kebersihan selimut dan sprei tempat tidur anak yang kurang baik masing-masing sebesar 50,0% dan 27,0%. Kamar tidur anak tanpa pencahayaan matahari langsung sebanyak 74,3%. Sebanyak 31,1% keluarga belum melakukan pengobatan mandiri. Tingginya angka enterobiasis di Desa Marong harus dipecahkan dengan dua pendekatan. Pendekatan pertama terkait penyediaan sarana air bersih dan yang kedua adalah upaya peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pencegahan infeksi enterobiasis.