bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choline Chloride Based Deep Eutectic Solvents as Promising Extractants of Flavonoids from Sedative Plant Composition
Authors: Dzhavakhyan M. A. , Prozhogina Yu. E. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Nowadays deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are the object of close attention of the scientific community in various fields, such as chemistry, biology, pharmacy, biotechnology. The areas of application of DESs vary widely, and one of them is the extraction of biologically active substances from plant raw materials.Aim. The aim of this work was to study the possibility of extraction of flavonoids from plant raw materials with using of deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride, as well as to compare the efficiency of their extraction with traditional solvents.Materials and methods. The extraction of flavonoids was carried out from the collection of a plant composition consisting of the herb of motherwort cordial (common motherwort) (Leonurus cardiaca L.), the herb of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), the herb of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) and the herb of creeping thyme (thyme) (Thymus serpyllum L.) in a ratio of 4 : 2.5 : 2.5 : 1, crushed to a particle size of 2–3 mm. DESs based on choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptor were used as extractants.Results and discussion. In this article, DESs based on choline chloride were investigated for the ability to extract flavonoids from the medicinal collection of a plant composition based on leonurus grass, hypericum grass, melissa grass and thyme grass, which has a sedative effect. The influence of the water content in DES solutions on the properties of the extractant was also studied. Quantitative determination of flavonoids in terms of rutin was carried out by differential spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 410 ± 2 nm. The maximum yield of flavonoids was achieved by using a 50 % aqueous solution of DES based on choline chloride, glucose and water in a molar ratio of 2 : 1 : 1 at an extraction temperature of 60 °C.Conclusion. The extracting ability of the obtained DES in terms of the efficiency of flavonoid extraction exceeds the extracting characteristics of the classical extractant for the composition under study – 70 % ethanol. Further study of the properties of the obtained extractant, its physical, chemical, and toxicological characteristics is the task of future experiments.
Impact of Parameter on Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Formulation and Approach of the Carrier for Cancer Treatment: a Brief Study
Authors: Sahoo L. , Jena G. K. , Patro C. S. 
Published: November 2022

Introduction. For the last decade, nanotechnology has been studied extensively in the pharmaceutical field. Among all the nanotechnology formulation areas, nanostructured lipid carrier is enormously researched by formulation scientists as it is one of the focused areas of lipid carrier for the effective formulation.Materials and methods. The nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) consists of solid lipid, liquid lipid & surfactant for fabrication of formulation. Methods such as high energy methods, low energy methods and organic solvent-based methods are used for the preparation of NLC. As per literature study the High pressure homogenization is the most efficient method for fabrication of formulation.Results and discussion. This carrier system has significant advantages such as high drug entrapment, improved bioavailability, stability during storage, and targeting the site with a better-controlled release making it a prominent area for the formulator to emphasize on it. Although many drugs are formulated with a nanostructured lipid carrier, it is a concern for researchers to find out the effectiveness of formulation by studying the process parameter and safety.Conclusion. The present review was focused to study the impact of various parameters such as Lipid, surfactant, homogenization rate, preservative, Crystallinity, and surface charge on the formulation. The study also extended towards toxicity and biocompatibility, topical targeting & cancer treatment of the Nanostructured lipid carrier.
Changes of the in vivo kinematics of the human medial longitudinal foot arch, first metatarsophalangeal joint, and the length of plantar fascia in different running patterns
Authors: Sun Xiaole , Su Wanyan , Zhang Faning , Ye Dongqiang , Wang Shaobai , Zhang Shen , Fu Weijie 
Published: November 2022

Accurately obtaining the in vivo motion of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA), first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ), and plantar fascia (PF) is essential for analyzing the biomechanics of these structures in different running strike patterns. Most previous studies on the biomechanics of the MLA, first MTPJ, and PF have been based on traditional skin-marker–based motion capture, which cannot acquire the natural foot motion. Therefore, this study aimed to 1) describe the movement of the MLA, first MTPJ, and PF during running by using the high-speed dual fluoroscopic imaging system (DFIS) and 2) explore changes of the in vivo kinematics of the MLA and first MTPJ, and the length of the PF during the stance phase of running with different foot strike patterns. Fifteen healthy male runners all of whom ran with a regular rearfoot strike (RFS) pattern were required to run with forefoot strike (FFS) and RFS patterns. Computed tomography scans were taken from each participant’s right foot for the construction of 3D models (the calcaneus, first metatarsal, and first proximal phalanges) and local coordinate systems. A high-speed DFIS (100 Hz) and 3D force platform (2,000 Hz) were used to acquire X-ray images of the foot bones and ground reaction force data during the stance phase of running (3 m/s ± 5%) simultaneously. Then, 3D-2D registration was used to obtain the in vivo kinematic data of the MLA and first MTPJ and the length of the PF. When compared with RFS, in FFS, 1) the range of motion (ROM) of the medial/lateral (5.84 ± 5.61 mm vs. 0.75 ± 3.38 mm, p = 0.002), anterior/posterior (14.64 ± 4.33 mm vs. 11.18 ± 3.56 mm, p = 0.010), plantarflexion/dorsiflexion (7.13 ± 3.22° vs. 1.63 ± 3.29°, p &lt; 0.001), and adduction/abduction (−3.89 ± 3.85° vs. −0.64 ± 4.39°, p = 0.034) motions of the MLA were increased significantly; 2) the ROM of the anterior/posterior (7.81 ± 2.84 mm vs. 6.24 ± 3.43 mm, p = 0.003), superior/inferior (2.11 ± 2.06 mm vs. −0.57 ± 1.65 mm, p = 0.001), and extension/flexion (−9.68 ± 9.16° vs. −5.72 ± 7.33°, p = 0.018) motions of the first MTPJ were increased significantly; 3) the maximum strain (0.093 ± 0.023 vs. 0.075 ± 0.020, p &lt; 0.001) and the maximum power (4.36 ± 1.51 W/kg vs. 3.06 ± 1.39 W/kg, p &lt; 0.001) of the PF were increased significantly. Running with FFS may increase deformation, energy storage, and release of the MLA and PF, as well as the push-off effect of the MTPJ. Meanwhile, the maximum extension angle of the first MTPJ and MLA deformation increased in FFS, which showed that the PF experienced more stretch and potentially indicated that FFS enhanced the PF mechanical responses.
Identification and validation of the molecular subtype and prognostic signature for clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on neutrophil extracellular traps
Authors: Quan Jing , Huang Banggao 
Published: November 2022

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common cancers, with an annual incidence of nearly 400,000 cases worldwide. Increasing evidence has also demonstrated the vital role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in cancer progression and metastatic dissemination.Methods: Consensus cluster analysis was performed to determine the number of ccRCC subtypes. The Kruskal–Wallis test or Student t-test was performed to evaluate the difference of infiltrating immune cell and gene expression in different groups. The Kaplan–Meier (KM) method was used to draw the survival curve. LASSO cox regression analysis was conducted to construct a NET-related prognostic signature. We also constructed a lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory axis by several miRNA and lncRNA target databases.Results: A total of 23 differentially expressed NET-related genes were obtained in ccRCC. Three clusters of ccRCC cases with significant difference in prognosis, immune infiltration, and chemotherapy and targeted therapy were identified. LASSO Cox regression analysis identified a NET-related prognostic signature including six genes (G0S2, DYSF, MMP9, SLC22A4, SELP, and KCNJ15), and this signature had a good performance in predicting the overall survival of ccRCC patients. The expression of prognostic signature genes was significantly correlated with the pTMN stage, immune infiltration, tumor mutational burdens, microsatellite instability, and drug sensitivity of ccRCC patients. MMP9 was identified as the hub gene. We also identified the lncRNA UBA6-AS1/miR-149-5p/MMP9 regulatory axis for the progression of ccRCC.Conclusion: Collectively, the current study identified three molecular clusters and a prognostic signature for ccRCC based on neutrophil extracellular traps. Integrative transcriptome analyses plus clinical sample validation may facilitate the biomarker discovery and clinical transformation.
MiR-199a-3p-regulated alveolar macrophage-derived secretory autophagosomes exacerbate lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Xu Xinyi , Liu Xu , Dong Xuecheng , Yang Yi , Liu Ling 
Published: November 2022

PurposeAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a prevalent illness in intensive care units. Extracellular vesicles and particles released from activated alveolar macrophages (AMs) assist in ARDS lung injury and the inflammatory process through mechanisms that are unclear. This study investigated the role of AM-derived secretory autophagosomes (SAPs) in lung injury and microRNA (MiR)-199a-3p-regulated inflammation associated with ARDS in vitro and in a murine model.MethodsThe ARDS model in mouse was established by intratracheal LPS lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. The agomirs or antagomirs of MiR-199a-3p were injected into the caudal vein to figure out whether MiR-199a-3p could influence ARDS inflammation and lung injury, whereas the mimics or inhibitors of MiR-199a-3p, siRNA of Rab8a, or PAK4 inhibitor were transfected or applied to RAW264.7 cells to evaluate the mechanism of SAP release. Culture supernatants of RAW264.7 cells treated with LPS or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from mice were collected for the isolation of SAPs.ResultsWe found that MiR-199a-3p was over-expressed in the lungs of ARDS mice. The MiR-199a-3p antagomir alleviated, whereas the MiR-199a-3p agomir exacerbated LPS-induced inflammation in mice by promoting AM-derived SAP secretion. In addition, MiR-199a-3p over-expression exacerbated LPS-induced ARDS via activating Rab8a, and Rab8a silencing significantly suppressed the promoting influence of the MiR-199a-3p mimic on SAP secretion. Furthermore, MiR-199a-3p mimic activated Rab8a by directly inhibiting PAK4 expression.ConclusionThe novel finding of this study is that MiR-199a-3p participated in the regulation of SAP secretion and the inflammatory process via targeting of PAK4/Rab8a, and is a potential therapeutic candidate for ARDS treatment.
Characterization of microbial communities from gut microbiota of hypercholesterolemic and control subjects
Authors: Morales Cristian , Rojas Gabriel , Rebolledo Camilo , Rojas-Herrera Marcelo , Arias-Carrasco Raúl , Cuadros-Orellana Sara , Maracaja-Coutinho Vinicius , Saavedra Kathleen , Leal Pamela , Lanas Fernando , Salazar Luis A. , Saavedra Nicolás 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionIn recent years, several studies have evidenced the importance of the microbiome to host physiology as metabolism regulator, along with its potential role in triggering various diseases. In this study, we analyzed the gut microbiota in hypercholesterolemic (cases) and normocholesterolemic (controls) individuals to identify characteristic microbial signature for each condition.MethodsStool samples were obtained from 57 adult volunteers (27 hypercholesterolemic and 30 controls). The taxonomic profiling of microbial communities was performed using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicons, followed by data analysis using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME2) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe).ResultsSignificant differences were observed in weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between the groups (p&lt;0.05). LEfSe showed differentially abundant prokaryotic taxa (α=0.05, LDA score &gt; 2.0) in the group of hypercholesterolemic individuals (Methanosphaera, Rothia, Chromatiales, Clostridiales, Bacillaceae and Coriobacteriaceae) and controls (Faecalibacterium, Victivallis and Selenomonas) at various taxonomic levels. In addition, through the application of Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2 (PICRUSt2), the predominance of pathways related to biosynthesis in hypercholesterolemic patients was established, compared to controls in which degradation pathways were predominant. Finally, in the analysis of co-occurrence networks, it was possible to identify associations between the microorganisms present in both studied groups.ConclusionOur results point out to unique microbial signatures, which likely play a role on the cholesterol metabolism in the studied population.
Mapping of the myxomatous mitral valve: The three-dimensional extension of mitral annular disjunction in surgically repaired mitral prolapse
Authors: Biondi Raoul , Ribeyrolles Sophie , Diakov Christelle , Amabile Nicolas , Ricciardi Gabriella , Khelil Nizar , Berrebi Alain , Zannis Konstantinos 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the heterogeneous extension of mitral annular disjunction (MAD) and assess the hypotesis that different phenotypes of disjunction are not associated with increased surgical challenges.BackgroundMitral regurgitation (MR) is the most common end-stage scenario of degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). Few data exist on the three-dimensional extension and geometry of MAD, as well as for its role in valvular dynamic and coaptation.MethodsA total of 85 consecutive subjects, who underwent elective mitral valve repair (MVR) for MMVD at our Institution between November 2019 and October 2021, were studied retrospectively. The extension and geometry of MAD was assessed using the digitally stored volumetric datasets of real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Annular phenotypes and surgical repair techniques were analyzed.ResultsMitral annular disjunction was diagnosed in 50 out of 85 patients (59%) with Barlow disease (BD). A detailed analysis of MAD extension was conducted on 33 patients. Two pattern of disjunction were identified: a bimodal shape was highlighted in 21 patients, while a more uniform distribution of the disjuncted annulus was observed in 12 patients. The bimodal pattern was characterized by lower disjunction distance (DD) at the 140°–220° arch (3.6 ± 2.2 mm), while a more regular DD was measured in the remaining patients. All patients successfully underwent MVR. Triangular leaflet resection was performed in 58% of the cases, neochordae implantation in 9%, and notably a 27% received an isolated annuloplasty.ConclusionRather than a binary feature, MAD should be taken into account in its complex and heterogeneous morphology, where two major phenotypes can be identified. Despite its anatomical complexity, MAD was not associated with an increased surgical challenge; conversely a peculiar subgroup of patient was successfully treated with an isolated annuloplasty.
Reductions in extracellular vesicle-associated microRNA-126 levels in coronary blood after acute myocardial infarction: A retrospective study
Authors: Yuan Yujuan , Ma Yiping , Aili Zulipiya , Nijiati Muyesai 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundAcute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is a kind of cardiovascular disease with high mortality and incidence. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and microRNA-126 (miR-126) are known to play important role in the development and prognosis of several cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes in Extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated miR-126 levels in the coronary blood of patients with AMI to explore the relationship between miR-126 levels and AMI.Materials and methodsWe analyzed EV-associated miR-126 in the coronary blood of patients with AMI and stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).ResultsWe tested the coronary blood of 20 patients with AMI and 20 with SCAD. The mean age of the patients was 58.8 ± 10.3 years and 32 (80%) were men. We observed that the EV-associated miR-126 levels were lower in patients with AMI [median = 0.13; interquartile range (IQR): 0.08–0.22] than in patients with SCAD (median = 0.37; IQR: 0.26–0.48) (P &lt; 0.001). In addition, the levels of miR-126 were negatively associated with the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) score (r = −0.66, P = 0.001).ConclusionReduction of EV-associated miR-126 levels in the coronary blood of patients with AMI may be involved in acute coronary thrombosis events.
Thermographic detection and localisation of unsteady flow separation on rotor blades of wind turbines
Authors: Oehme Felix , Gleichauf Daniel , Balaresque Nicholas , Sorg Michael , Fischer Andreas 
Published: November 2022

A thermographic detection and localization of unsteady flow separation on an operating wind turbine of type GE1.5sl is presented and verified by means of tufts flow visualisation. Unsteady flow separation phenomena such as dynamic stall are an undesired flow state as it causes fatigue failures, limits the turbine efficiency and increases noise emissions from the rotor blades. In comparison to available methods for stall detection on wind turbines, the presented infrared thermographic measurement approach is non-invasive, in-process capable and provides a high spatial resolution. On the basis of the thermodynamic response behaviour of the surface temperature in case of unsteady flow events, a two-step signal processing approach is proposed, to achieve the highest possible spatio-temporal resolution in the detection and localisation of stall. First, the identification of distinct maxima of the spatial standard deviation of difference images, enables to determine potential stall events in time. In the subsequent combined image evaluation with a transient approach and a principal component analysis, unsteady flow separation is detected during the occurrence of a strong wind gust with the maximum time resolution (image exposure time) as well as the maximum spatial resolution (image resolution), respectively, despite the limited signal-to-noise ratio compared to wind tunnel experiments. In addition, a geometric assignment of the image data to the rotor blade geometry is conducted, which enables a localization of the separation point on the 3 days rotor blade geometry with a maximal uncertainty of 2.3% of the chord length.
Novel targets in renal fibrosis based on bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Xiong Xi , Li Lili , Luo Pengcheng 
Published: November 2022

Background: Renal fibrosis is a widely used pathological indicator of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD), and renal fibrosis mediates most progressive renal diseases as a final pathway. Nevertheless, the key genes related to the host response are still unclear. In this study, the potential gene network, signaling pathways, and key genes under unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model in mouse kidneys were investigated by integrating two transcriptional data profiles.Methods: The mice were exposed to UUO surgery in two independent experiments. After 7 days, two datasets were sequenced from mice kidney tissues, respectively, and the transcriptome data were analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were executed. A Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was constructed based on an online database STRING. Additionally, hub genes were identified and shown, and their expression levels were investigated in a public dataset and confirmed by quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) in vivo.Results: A total of 537 DEGs were shared by the two datasets. GO and the KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were typically enriched in seven pathways. Specifically, five hub genes (Bmp1, CD74, Fcer1g, Icam1, H2-Eb1) were identified by performing the 12 scoring methods in cytoHubba, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that the hub genes could be served as biomarkers.Conclusion: A gene network reflecting the transcriptome signature in CKD was established. The five hub genes identified in this study are potentially useful for the treatment and/or diagnosis CKD as biomarkers.
A high-efficiency differential expression method for cancer heterogeneity using large-scale single-cell RNA-sequencing data
Authors: Yuan Xin , Ma Shuangge , Fa Botao , Wei Ting , Ma Yanran , Wang Yifan , Lv Wenwen , Zhang Yue , Zheng Junke , Chen Guoqiang , Sun Jing , Yu Zhangsheng 
Published: November 2022

Colorectal cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. Tumor heterogeneity limits the efficacy of cancer treatment. Single-cell RNA-sequencing technology (scRNA-seq) is a powerful tool for studying cancer heterogeneity at cellular resolution. The sparsity, heterogeneous diversity, and fast-growing scale of scRNA-seq data pose challenges to the flexibility, accuracy, and computing efficiency of the differential expression (DE) methods. We proposed HEART (high-efficiency and robust test), a statistical combination test that can detect DE genes with various sources of differences beyond mean expression changes. To validate the performance of HEART, we compared HEART and the other six popular DE methods on various simulation datasets with different settings by two simulation data generation mechanisms. HEART had high accuracy (F1 score &gt;0.75) and brilliant computational efficiency (less than 2 min) on multiple simulation datasets in various experimental settings. HEART performed well on DE genes detection for the PBMC68K dataset quantified by UMI counts and the human brain single-cell dataset quantified by read counts (F1 score = 0.79, 0.65). By applying HEART to the single-cell dataset of a colorectal cancer patient, we found several potential blood-based biomarkers (CTTN, S100A4, S100A6, UBA52, FAU, and VIM) associated with colorectal cancer metastasis and validated them on additional spatial transcriptomic data of other colorectal cancer patients.