bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-time instruction-level verification of remote IoT/CPS devices via side channels
Authors: Bai Yunkai , Park Jungmin , Tehranipoor Mark , Forte Domenic 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, with the rise of IoT technology, wireless Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) have become widely deployed in critical infrastructure, including power generation, military systems, and autonomous and unmanned vehicles. The introduction of network connectivity for data transfer, cloud support, etc., into CPS, can lead to malware injection. Meanwhile, outsourcing of advanced technology node fabrication overseas makes it difficult to protect these devices from malicious modification and hardware Trojans. For solving these issues, traditional anomaly detection methods insert monitoring circuits or software into the target device but come with high overhead and power consumption. Alternative anomaly detection methods occur offline and use large equipment like oscilloscopes and PCs to collect and process side-channel traces. While they can achieve high accuracy in detecting various anomalies, they are difficult to use in practice due to their large, expensive setups. In this paper, we introduce a new instruction-level verification methodology that uses a low-cost, external add-on to monitor the power traces of a target device. This methodology possesses fine-grained granularity and could protect the target device from any malware or hardware Trojans that alter even a single instruction inside the target device. The hardware used is a tiny (20 $$\times $$
×
20 mm), custom-designed PCB called RASC that collects power traces, performs real-time malware detection, and transmits outcomes to security administrators via Bluetooth. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on 6 benchmarks with two types of malware on an Atmel AVR device, and the accuracy between offline and real-time malware detection is compared.
Symbolic factors of -adic subshifts of finite alphabet rank
Authors: ESPINOZA BASTIÁN 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper studies several aspects of symbolic (i.e. subshift) factors of
$\mathcal {S}$
-adic subshifts of finite alphabet rank. First, we address a problem raised by Donoso et al [Interplay between finite topological rank minimal Cantor systems, S-adic subshifts and their complexity. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.374(5) (2021), 3453–3489] about the topological rank of symbolic factors of
$\mathcal {S}$
-adic subshifts and prove that this rank is at most the one of the extension system, improving on the previous results [B. Espinoza. On symbolic factors of S-adic subshifts of finite alphabet rank. Preprint, 2022, arXiv:2008.13689v2; N. Golestani and M. Hosseini. On topological rank of factors of Cantor minimal systems. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys. doi:10.1017/etds.2021.62. Published online 8 June 2021]. As a consequence of our methods, we prove that finite topological rank systems are coalescent. Second, we investigate the structure of fibers
$\pi ^{-1}(y)$
of factor maps
$\pi \colon (X,T)\to (Y,S)$
between minimal
${\mathcal S}$
-adic subshifts of finite alphabet rank and show that they have the same finite cardinality for all y in a residual subset of Y. Finally, we prove that the number of symbolic factors (up to conjugacy) of a fixed subshift of finite topological rank is finite, thus extending Durand’s similar theorem on linearly recurrent subshifts [F. Durand. Linearly recurrent subshifts have a finite number of non-periodic subshift factors. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.20(4) (2000), 1061–1078].
Toward a picture of Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province, Iran, as a linguistic area
Authors: Anonby Erik , Taheri-Ardali Mortaza , Stone Adam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLanguage documentation has been carried out in Iran since the late 1800s but in a sporadic way, and even now, the scholarly picture of the country’s linguistic landscape is fragmentary. The present article responds to this state of affairs in a modest way by working toward a systematic overview of the language situation in one area of the country: Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari Province of western Iran, where the high Zagros Mountains open onto the Iranian Plateau. In this study, conducted in the context of theAtlas of the Languages of Iran(ALI) research programme, we chronicle our research process for this region, beginning with an inventory of languages spoken here—varieties of Bakhtiari, Charmahali, and Turkic—and an overview of their geographical distribution. This initial step enabled us to select 30 varieties from 26 locations across the province for in-depth research, including implementation of the ALI language data questionnaire. Data generated by the study have resulted in two language distribution maps as well as a series of linguistic structure maps. Initial analysis of lexical and phonological data provides insight into defining features of each language as well as structures shared between them as a result of language contact in the region.
The sensitivity of parameterization schemes in thermodynamic modeling of the landfast sea ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica
Authors: Liu Changwei , Hao Guanghua , Li Yubin , Zhao Jiechen , Lei Ruibo , Cheng Bin , Gao Zhiqiu , Yang Qinghua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Based on the measurements conducted over the landfast sea ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica during the sea-ice growth season in 2016, various parameterization schemes in the high-resolution thermodynamic snow/ice model HIGHTSI are evaluated. The parameterization scheme of turbulent fluxes produces the largest errors compared with the parameterization schemes for other surface heat fluxes. However, the sea-ice thickness simulation is most sensitive to the differences in upward longwave radiation at the surface. In addition, the sea-ice thickness simulation during the growth season is highly sensitive to the oceanic heat flux, and a new oceanic heat flux parameterization scheme based on the bulk method is proposed. The new parameterization scheme is tested in a second year, and it significantly improves the model performance relative to the standard configuration when compared against observations. Finally, the seasonal variation in the heat budget and its influence on the sea-ice thickness variation are analyzed. The net shortwave radiation, sensible heat flux and conductive heat flux (the net longwave radiation and latent heat flux) are found to be the surface heat sources (heat sinks) during the growth season. The larger conductive heat flux and the smaller oceanic heat flux can intensify the growth of sea ice.
The goals of EU competition law: a comprehensive empirical investigation
Authors: Stylianou Konstantinos , Iacovides Marios 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor any field of law, the goal it was designed to achieve permeates every aspect of its application and interpretation. This is particularly true when the black letter of the law is cryptic and silent on most aspects of how it should be interpreted and applied, as is the case with competition law, which for the most part revolves around a small number of highly abstract provisions. It is only natural then that ample scholarly work has been devoted to identifying the goals and purposes of competition law. By and large these attempts have been textual, historical, and teleological. We introduce here instead a quantitative analysis of the case law and present the results of the first empirical study into the goals and purposes of EU competition law as they emerge from the entirety of the case law of the European Court of Justice, opinions of the Advocate Generals, Commission decisions, and speeches of Commissioners for Competition. This body of almost 4,000 sources paints a comprehensive picture of the underlying goals of EU competition law, and helps conclusively confirm some previous insights while debunking others, thereby helping to advance the present application and future evolution of competition law.
Fascists, Nazis, orSomethingElse?: Mexico's Unión Nacional Sinarquista in the US Media, 1937–1945
Authors: Young Julia G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the public relations battles in the US media over Mexico's Unión Nacional Sinarquista (UNS), an explicitly Catholic social movement founded in 1937 that aimed to restore the Church to its traditional role in Mexican society and to reject the reforms of the revolutionary government. Thesinarquistasshared many of the features of fascism and Nazism, the major global antidemocratic movements of the time, including a strident nationalism, authoritarian leanings, an emphasis on martial discipline and strict organizational structure, and a militant aesthetic. Both its ideological leanings and rapid growth (as many as 500,000 members by the early 1940s) led many US writers to suggest that the UNS represented a dangerous fifth-column threat to both Mexico and the United States. Others, particularly in the Catholic press, saw the UNS as an anticommunist organization that could actually help foster democracy in Mexico. For their part, UNS leaders defended themselves vociferously and sought to build relationships with influential US Catholics who could advocate for them in the press. By analyzing this debate, this paper both underscores the transnational characteristics of the UNS and highlights the crucial role of US public opinion in Mexican politics during the 1940s.
Interaction Between Aseismic Slip and Fluid Invasion in Earthquake Swarms Revealed by Dense Geodetic and Seismic Observations
Authors: Yukutake Y. , Yoshida K. , Honda R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent seismic and geodetic observations suggest the involvement of pressurized fluid and aseismic slip during earthquake swarms. However, the interaction between these two factors is not fully understood. In this study, we show geodetic signals induced by aseismic opening and shear dislocation on a fault, accompanied by hypocenter migration during an earthquake swarm in the Hakone volcano, central Japan. The hypocenters were concentrated on a vertical plane, and the focal mechanisms were strike‐slip faults whose nodal planes were consistent with the hypocenter distribution. Precursory seismicity occurred 1 week before the main swarm. We observed a complex pattern of hypocenter migration during the seismic sequence; namely, the lower limit of the seismicity appears to expand downward during the precursory seismicity, followed by an upward hypocenter diffusion. We also observed tilt changes that could be explained by opening and shear dislocation on the fault plane inferred from the planar hypocenter distribution. Furthermore, we identified several groups of repeating earthquakes. The average aseismic slip history inferred from the repeating earthquakes indicated a minor aseismic slip of 0.4 mm during the precursory seismic activity, which accelerated by up to 3 mm during the main swarm. The total cumulative slip was consistent with the geodetic model results. These observations may suggest that fluid intrusion caused the aseismic slip, and the complex migration of the hypocenters reflects the aseismic slip propagation. We hypothesize that aseismic deformation acts as the driving force for the earthquake swarms together with the intrusion of pressurized fluid.
Improved Imaging of the Large‐Scale Structure of a Groundwater System With Airborne Electromagnetic Data
Authors: Kang Seogi , Knight Rosemary , Goebel Meredith 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWorking with airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data acquired in the Kaweah Subbasin in the Central Valley of California, USA, we developed a new approach for imaging the bedrock surface and the confining Corcoran Clay layer. Our approach, which incorporated the prior knowledge of the targets for the improved imaging, included multiple L2‐norm and Lp‐norm inversions as well as an interpolation process. The major improvement in imaging the targets was made in the Lp‐norm inversion step by incorporating prior knowledge. For the Corcoran Clay, pairs of resistivity and driller's logs at two wells guided the selection of the primary resistivity model and were used to increase the accuracy of the estimated Corcoran Clay thickness. The bedrock surface was poorly constrained by well data in the existing groundwater model, appearing as a flat surface. Acquired AEM data covered most of the area, so we had higher confidence in the obtained map of the bedrock surface at depths ranging from 15 to 160 m. There was relatively good agreement between the location of the Corcoran Clay in the AEM data (depth ranging from 50 to 130 m and thickness ranging from 3 to 25 m) and the existing groundwater model, with both depth and thickness showing ∼15% relative difference. The AEM data provided information about the continuity of the Corcoran Clay that is challenging to capture in the well data. The locations of the bedrock and Corcoran Clay were used in a structurally constrained inversion to improve the imaging of the smaller‐scale resistivity structure.
Sexual dimorphism in cardiometabolic and cardiac mitochondrial function in obese rats following sex hormone deprivation
Authors: Shinlapawittayatorn Krekwit , Pongkan Wanpitak , Sivasinprasasn Sivaporn , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
Our study aims to test the hypothesis that poorer function of cardiac mitochondria in males, under sex hormone-deprived and obese-insulin-resistant conditions, is responsible for a worse cardiometabolic function than females.

Methods
One hundred and forty-four rats were subjected to receive either 12 weeks of normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) consumption following the induction of sex hormone deprivation. Temporal evaluations of metabolic parameters, cardiac autonomic modulation, left ventricular (LV) contractile, and mitochondrial functions were measured after starting each feeding protocol for 4, 8, and 12 weeks.

Results
After HFD feeding for 8 weeks, increased plasma insulin and HOMA index were initially observed in male HFD-fed sham-operated rats (M-HFS), male HFD-fed orchiectomized rats (M-HFO), female ND-fed ovariectomized rats (F-OVX), female HFD-fed sham-operated rats (F-HFS), and female HFD-fed ovariectomized rats (F-HFO) groups. In addition, as early as week 4, male ND-fed orchiectomized rats (M-ORX) and M-HFO exhibited impaired cardiac autonomic balance, LV contractile and mitochondrial functions, whereas M-HFS and F-HFO developed these impairments at week 8 and F-OVX and F-HFS exhibited them at week 12.

Conclusion
We concluded that sex hormone-deprived females are prone to develop metabolic impairments, whereas males are more likely to have cardiac autonomic impairment, LV contractile and mitochondrial dysfunction even in the absence of obese-insulin-resistant condition. However, under estrogen-deprived condition, these impairments were further accelerated and aggravated by obese-insulin resistance.
Circulating tumour DNA monitoring and early treatment for relapse: views from patients with early-stage melanoma
Authors: Woof Victoria G. , Lee Rebecca J. , Lorigan Paul , French David P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCirculating tumour DNA (ctDNA) monitoring is a new technology that detects cancer DNA fragments in blood circulation. Regular monitoring with ctDNA has the potential to detect and treat cancer relapse earlier, but there is little evidence on patient acceptability. This study examines the views of patients with early-stage melanoma on the acceptability of the test and early treatment.MethodsA qualitative cross-sectional design using one-to-one semi-structured telephone interviews was employed. Twenty-five patients diagnosed with early-stage melanoma (Stage IA–IIC) were asked for their views on ctDNA monitoring and early treatment for relapse. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsTwo themes were generated:ctDNA monitoring would add service valuewhere participants described regular ctDNA monitoring in follow-up care as more reassuring, more “scientific” than skin checks and preferable to scans.Test results provide opportunity and knowledgefocuses on how participants wanted to know when to expect results to manage anxiety, with a positive result seen as an opportunity to receive treatment early.ConclusionsParticipants were positive about ctDNA monitoring and early treatment and would welcome extra surveillance, as well as trust ctDNA tests. This indicates the feasibility of the wider implementation of ctDNA tests, which have applicability for many tumour types and disease stages.
A novel HIF-2α targeted inhibitor suppresses hypoxia-induced breast cancer stemness via SOD2-mtROS-PDI/GPR78-UPRER axis
Authors: Yan Yuanyuan , He Miao , Zhao Lin , Wu Huizhe , Zhao Yanyun , Han Li , Wei Binbin , Ye Dongman , Lv Xuemei , Wang Yan , Yao Weifan , Zhao Haishan , Chen Bo , Jin Zining , Wen Jian , Zhu Yan , Yu Tao , Jin Feng , Wei Minjie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) plays critical roles in induction of cancer stem cell-like phenotype in breast cancer and contribute to chemoresistance. However, the mechanism underlying stemness reprogramming of breast cancer cells (BCs) by hypoxic TME remains largely unknown. In the present study, we illustrated that HIF-2α, but not HIF-1α, induces stemness in BCs under hypoxia through SOD2-mtROS-PDI/GRP78-UPRER pathway, linking mitochondrial metabolic state to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) response via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) level. HIF-2α activates endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER) in drug-sensitive MCF7 and T47D cells to induce drug-resistant stem-like phenotype. Genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition (YQ-0629) of HIF-2α abolished hypoxia-induced stem-like phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HIF-2α activates transcription of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) under hypoxia and thereby decreases mtROS level. With less mtROS transported to endoplasmic reticulum, the expression and activity of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is suppressed, allowing glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) to dissociate from receptor proteins of UPRER and bind misfolded protein to activate UPRER, which eventually confer chemoresistance and stem-like properties to BCs. Moreover, the increase in mtROS and PDI levels caused by HIF-2α knockdown and the subsequent UPRER inhibition could be substantially rescued by mitoTEMPOL (a mtROS scavenger), 16F16 (a PDI inhibitor), or GRP78 overexpression. Overall, we reported the critical roles of HIF-2α-SOD2-mtROS-PDI/GRP78-UPRER axis in mediating hypoxia-induced stemness in BCs, highlighting the interaction between organelles and providing evidence for further development of targeted HIF-2α inhibitor as a promising therapeutic strategy for chemoresistant breast cancer.
Therapeutic approaches targeting CD95L/CD95 signaling in cancer and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Risso Vesna , Lafont Elodie , Le Gallo Matthieu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCell death plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Key players in the controlled induction of cell death are the Death Receptors (DR). CD95 is a prototypic DR activated by its cognate ligand CD95L triggering programmed cell death. As a consequence, alterations in the CD95/CD95L pathway have been involved in several disease conditions ranging from autoimmune diseases to inflammation and cancer. CD95L-induced cell death has multiple roles in the immune response since it constitutes one of the mechanisms by which cytotoxic lymphocytes kill their targets, but it is also involved in the process of turning off the immune response. Furthermore, beyond the canonical pro-death signals, CD95L, which can be membrane-bound or soluble, also induces non-apoptotic signaling that contributes to its tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory roles. The intent of this review is to describe the role of CD95/CD95L in the pathophysiology of cancers, autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation and to discuss recently patented and emerging therapeutic strategies that exploit/block the CD95/CD95L system in these diseases.
Meningeal lymphatics regulate radiotherapy efficacy through modulating anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Zhou Changping , Ma Lu , Xu Han , Huo Yingqing , Luo Jincai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs a first-line treatment, radiotherapy (RT) is known to modulate the immune microenvironment of glioma, but it is unknown whether the meningeal lymphatic vessel (MLV)-cervical lymph node (CLN) network regulates the process or influences RT efficacy. Here, we show that the MLV-CLN network contributes to RT efficacy in brain tumors and mediates the RT-modulated anti-tumor immunity that is enhanced by vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C). Meningeal lymphatic dysfunction impaired tumor-derived dendritic cell (DC) trafficking and CD8+ T cell activation after RT, whereas tumors overexpressing VEGF-C with meningeal lymphatic expansion were highly sensitive to RT. Mechanistically, VEGF-C-driven modulation of RT-triggered anti-tumor immunity was attributed to C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 21 (CCL21)-dependent DC trafficking and CD8+ T cell activation. Notably, delivery of VEGF-C mRNA significantly enhanced RT efficacy and anti-tumor immunity in brain tumors. These findings suggest an essential role of the MLV-CLN network in RT-triggered anti-tumor immunity, and highlight the potential of VEGF-C mRNA for brain tumor therapy.
Ultrafast time-evolution of chiral Néel magnetic domain walls probed by circular dichroism in x-ray resonant magnetic scattering
Authors: Léveillé Cyril , Burgos-Parra Erick , Sassi Yanis , Ajejas Fernando , Chardonnet Valentin , Pedersoli Emanuele , Capotondi Flavio , De Ninno Giovanni , Maccherozzi Francesco , Dhesi Sarnjeet , Burn David M. , van der Laan Gerrit , Latcham Oliver S. , Shytov Andrey V. , Kruglyak Volodymyr V. , Jal Emmanuelle , Cros Vincent , Chauleau Jean-Yves , Reyren Nicolas , Viret Michel , Jaouen Nicolas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNon-collinear spin textures in ferromagnetic ultrathin films are attracting a renewed interest fueled by possible fine engineering of several magnetic interactions, notably the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. This allows for the stabilization of complex chiral spin textures such as chiral magnetic domain walls (DWs), spin spirals, and magnetic skyrmions among others. We report here on the behavior of chiral DWs at ultrashort timescale after optical pumping in perpendicularly magnetized asymmetric multilayers. The magnetization dynamics is probed using time-resolved circular dichroism in x-ray resonant magnetic scattering (CD-XRMS). We observe a picosecond transient reduction of the CD-XRMS, which is attributed to the spin current-induced coherent and incoherent torques within the continuously varying spin texture of the DWs. We argue that a specific demagnetization of the inner structure of the DW induces a flow of spins from the interior of the neighboring magnetic domains. We identify this time-varying change of the DW texture shortly after the laser pulse as a distortion of the homochiral Néel shape toward a transient mixed Bloch-Néel-Bloch texture along a direction transverse to the DW.