bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multipoint Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections Observed with Solar Orbiter, BepiColombo, Parker Solar Probe, Wind, and STEREO-A
Authors: Möstl Christian , Weiss Andreas J. , Reiss Martin A. , Amerstorfer Tanja , Bailey Rachel L. , Hinterreiter Jürgen , Bauer Maike , Barnes David , Davies Jackie A. , Harrison Richard A. , Freiherr von Forstner Johan L. , Davies Emma E. , Heyner Daniel , Horbury Tim , Bale Stuart D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We report the result of the first search for multipoint in situ and imaging observations of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) starting with the first Solar Orbiter (SolO) data in 2020 April–2021 April. A data exploration analysis is performed including visualizations of the magnetic-field and plasma observations made by the five spacecraft SolO, BepiColombo, Parker Solar Probe (PSP), Wind, and STEREO-A, in connection with coronagraph and heliospheric imaging observations from STEREO-A/SECCHI and SOHO/LASCO. We identify ICME events that could be unambiguously followed with the STEREO-A heliospheric imagers during their interplanetary propagation to their impact at the aforementioned spacecraft and look for events where the same ICME is seen in situ by widely separated spacecraft. We highlight two events: (1) a small streamer blowout CME on 2020 June 23 observed with a triple lineup by PSP, BepiColombo and Wind, guided by imaging with STEREO-A, and (2) the first fast CME of solar cycle 25 (≈1600 km s−1) on 2020 November 29 observed in situ by PSP and STEREO-A. These results are useful for modeling the magnetic structure of ICMEs and the interplanetary evolution and global shape of their flux ropes and shocks, and for studying the propagation of solar energetic particles. The combined data from these missions are already turning out to be a treasure trove for space-weather research and are expected to become even more valuable with an increasing number of ICME events expected during the rise and maximum of solar cycle 25.
Evidence for Gamma-Ray Pulsations from the Classical Nova ASASSN-16ma
Authors: Li Kwan-Lok 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
I report here a new result extracted from the Fermi Large Area Telescope observation of the classical nova ASASSN-16ma that exhibits coherent γ-ray pulsations at 544.84(7) s during its outburst in 2016. Considering the number of independent trials, the significance of the evidence is 4.0σ, equivalent to a false-alarm probability of 5.9 × 10−5. The periodicity was steady during the 4 days of its appearance, indicating its origin as the spinning signal of the white dwarf. Given that the optical and γ-ray light curves of some shock-powered γ-ray novae have been recently shown to be closely correlated to each other, the γ-ray pulsation phenomenon likely implies an existence of associated optical pulsations, which would provide detailed ephemerides for these extreme white dwarf binaries for further investigations in the near future.
Magnetic Field Amplification by a Plasma Cavitation Instability in Relativistic Shock Precursors
Authors: Peterson J. R. , Glenzer S. , Fiuza F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Plasma streaming instabilities play an important role in magnetic field amplification and particle acceleration in relativistic shocks and their environments. However, in the far shock precursor region where accelerated particles constitute a highly relativistic and dilute beam, streaming instabilities typically become inefficient and operate at very small scales when compared to the gyroradii of the beam particles. We report on a plasma cavitation instability that is driven by dilute relativistic beams and can increase both the magnetic field strength and coherence scale by orders of magnitude to reach near-equipartition values with the beam energy density. This instability grows after the development of the Weibel instability and is associated with the asymmetric response of background leptons and ions to the beam current. The resulting net inductive electric field drives a strong energy asymmetry between positively and negatively charged beam species. Large-scale particle-in-cell simulations are used to verify analytical predictions for the growth and saturation level of the instability and indicate that it is robust over a wide range of conditions, including those associated with pair-loaded plasmas. These results can have important implications for the magnetization and structure of shocks in gamma-ray bursts, and more generally for magnetic field amplification and asymmetric scattering of relativistic charged particles in plasma astrophysical environments.
Evidence for Plasma Heating at Thin Current Sheets in the Solar Wind
Authors: Zhou Zilu , Xu Xiaojun , Zuo Pingbing , Wang Yi , Xu Qi , Ye Yudong , Wang Jing , Wang Ming , Chang Qing , Wang Xing , Luo Lei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Plasma heating at thin current sheets in the solar wind is examined using magnetic field and plasma data obtained by the WIND spacecraft in the past 17 years from 2004 to 2019. In this study, a thin current sheet is defined by an abrupt rotation (larger than 45°) of the magnetic field direction in 3 s. A total of 57,814 current sheets have been identified, among which 25,018 current sheets are located in the slow wind and 19,842 current sheets are located in the fast wind. Significant plasma heating is found at current sheets in both slow and fast wind. Proton temperature increases more significantly at current sheets in the fast wind than in the slow wind, while the enhancement in electron temperature is less remarkable at current sheets in the fast wind. The results reveal that plasma heating commonly exists at thin current sheets in the solar wind regardless of the wind speed, but the underlying heating mechanisms might be different.
A Robust Estimation of Lorentz Invariance Violation and Intrinsic Spectral Lag of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Xiao Shuo , Xiong Shao-Lin , Wang Yue , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Gao He , Zhang Zhen , Cai Ce , Yi Qi-Bin , Zhao Yi , Tuo You-Li , Li Xin-Qiao , Wen Xiang-Yang , An Zheng-Hua , Peng Wen-Xi , Zheng Shi-Jie , Zhang Fan , Song Li-Ming , Li Ti-Pei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been identified as one of the most promising sources for Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) studies due to their cosmological distance and energetic emission in wide energy bands. However, the arrival-time difference of GRB photons among different energy bands is affected not only by the LIV effect but also by the poorly known intrinsic spectral lags. In previous studies, assumptions of spectral lag have to be made which could introduce systematic errors. In this paper, we used a sample of 46 short GRBs (SGRBs), whose intrinsic spectra lags are much smaller than long GRBs, to better constrain the LIV. The observed spectral lags are derived between two fixed energy bands in the source rest frame rather than the observer frame. Moreover, the lags are calculated with the novel Li–CCF method, which is more robust than traditional methods. Our results show that, if we consider LIV as a linear energy dependence of the photon propagation speed in the data fit, then we obtain a robust limit of E
QG > 1015 GeV (95% CL). If we assume no LIV effect in the keV–MeV energy range, the goodness of data fit is equivalently as well as the case with LIV and we can constrain the common intrinsic spectral lags of SGRBs to be 1.4 ± 0.5 ms (1σ), which is the most accurate measurement thus far.
Bone Marrow Transplantation Rescues Monocyte Recruitment Defect and Improves Cystic Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Fan Zhichao , Pitmon Elise , Wen Lai , Miller Jacqueline , Ehinger Erik , Herro Rana , Liu Wei , Chen Ju , Mikulski Zbigniew , Conrad Douglas J , Marki Alex , Orecchioni Marco , Kumari Puja , Zhu Yanfang Peipei , Marcovecchio Paola M , Hedrick Catherine C , Hodges Craig A , Rathinam Vijay A , Wang Kepeng , Ley Klaus 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited life-threatening disease accompanied by repeated lung infections and multiorgan inflammation that affects tens of thousands of people worldwide. The causative gene, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), is mutated in CF patients. CFTR functions in epithelial cells have traditionally been thought to cause the disease symptoms. Recent work has shown an additional defect: monocytes from CF patients show a deficiency in integrin activation and adhesion. Because monocytes play critical roles in controlling infections, defective monocyte function may contribute to CF progression. In this study, we demonstrate that monocytes from CFTRΔF508 mice (CF mice) show defective adhesion under flow. Transplanting CF mice with wild-type (WT) bone marrow after sublethal irradiation replaced most (60–80%) CF monocytes with WT monocytes, significantly improved survival, and reduced inflammation. WT/CF mixed bone marrow chimeras directly demonstrated defective CF monocyte recruitment to the bronchoalveolar lavage and the intestinal lamina propria in vivo. WT mice reconstituted with CF bone marrow also show lethality, suggesting that the CF defect in monocytes is not only necessary but also sufficient to cause disease. We also show that monocyte-specific knockout of CFTR retards weight gains and exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium–induced colitis. Our findings show that providing WT monocytes by bone marrow transfer rescues mortality in CF mice, suggesting that similar approaches may mitigate disease in CF patients.
Altered Basal Lipid Metabolism Underlies the Functional Impairment of Naive CD8+ T Cells in Elderly Humans
Authors: Nicoli Francesco , Cabral-Piccin Mariela P , Papagno Laura , Gallerani Eleonora , Fusaro Mathieu , Folcher Victor , Dubois Marion , Clave Emmanuel , Vallet Hélène , Frere Justin J , Gostick Emma , Llewellyn-Lacey Sian , Price David A , Toubert Antoine , Dupré Loïc , Boddaert Jacques , Caputo Antonella , Gavioli Riccardo , Appay Victor 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aging is associated with functional deficits in the naive T cell compartment, which compromise the generation of de novo immune responses against previously unencountered Ags. The mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon have nonetheless remained unclear. We found that naive CD8+ T cells in elderly humans were prone to apoptosis and proliferated suboptimally in response to stimulation via the TCR. These abnormalities were associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism under homeostatic conditions and enhanced levels of basal activation. Importantly, reversal of the bioenergetic anomalies with lipid-altering drugs, such as rosiglitazone, almost completely restored the Ag responsiveness of naive CD8+ T cells. Interventions that favor lipid catabolism may therefore find utility as adjunctive therapies in the elderly to promote vaccine-induced immunity against targetable cancers and emerging pathogens, such as seasonal influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Considerazioni condivise alla luce delle recenti novità nell’ambito dello scompenso cardiaco: ottimizzazione della gestione del paziente con scompenso cardiaco in medicina interna - Dal ricovero al follow-up
Authors: Dentali Francesco , Campagna Giuseppe , Cavalleri Maurizio , Gallucci Fernando , Pieralli Filippo 
Published: January 2022

Nuova classificazione dello scompenso cardiaco: ridenominazione di Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction in Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), con raccomandazioni terapeutiche più precise in questa fascia di pazienti
Il nuovo algoritmo per il trattamento dello scompenso cardiaco a frazione di eiezione ridotta: Simultaneous or Rapid Sequence Initiation of Quadruple Medical Therapy for Heart Failure
Ottimizzazione della terapia: l’ospedalizzazione come opportunità. Impiego precoce di sacubitril/valsartan nel paziente ospedalizzato, stabilizzato. Effetti sulla riduzione della mortalità e delle re-ospedalizzazioni. Effetti sul rimodellamento cardiaco. Effetti sulla QoL
Sicurezza dell’uso di sacubitril/valsartan anche in presenza di comorbidità e gestione dell’ipotensione
Intervento di ottimizzazione della terapia anche nel paziente con scompenso cardiaco cronico ricoverato per altra patologia acuta
Terapia delle comorbidità - non cardiovascolari: diabete, iperkaliemia, carenza di ferro e cancro
Terapia non farmacologica ed educazione/formazione del paziente e del caregiver
Gestione post-ricovero dello scompenso cardiaco: l’ambulatorio divisionale e la rete territoriale
Association between Organ Donation Awareness and Willingness among Saudi University Students
Authors: Al Moweshy Abdullah Ahmed , Fabella Eduardo L. , Al-Hassan Yasser Taher , Alramadan Hassan Abdulfatah , Al Abdullah Ali Jameel , Al Hassan Hassan Ibrahim , Bu-Khamsin Ahmed Yousef , Al Abdullah Ali Habib , Albather Murtadha Radhi 
Published: January 2022

Background As the global incidence of end-stage organ failure increases, the gap between organ donors and recipients continues to widen. This study was conducted to determine the association between organ donation awareness and organ donation willingness among students of a Saudi university. Design and methods This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to select the required 723 sample size. Estimation of proportion of students who were aware about organ donation and those who were willing to donate their organs was performed using EpiInfo© Version 7. Association between organ donation awareness and willingness was determined using multivariate logistic regression. Results Nearly 98% of the participants were aware that organ donation saves lives (95% CI: 96.27%-98.53%); 84.09% were aware that Islam allows organ donation (95% CI: 81.25%- 86.58%); 64.87% were aware that organ donation is successfully done in Saudi Arabia (95% CI: 61.32%-68.26%); 32.64% were aware that the government gives incentives to the family of an organ donor (95% CI: 29.32%-36.14%). Over half (56.71%) of the students (95% CI: 53.07-60.28%) expressed willingness to donate their organs. Positive association was found between awareness on the position of Islam on organ donation (OR=2.7023, p<0.0001) and awareness of that organ donation can be successfully performed in Saudi Arabia (OR=1.9447, p=0.0001). Conclusions Awareness that Islam allows organ donation and awareness that organ donation is successfully done in Saudi Arabia increased the students’ willingness to donate.
Barrera lingüística y victimización secundaria
Authors: Toledano-Buendía Carmen 
Published: January 2022

La ayuda lingüística a la población extranjera que desconoce o no domina la lengua de la comunidad que la acoge debe entenderse como un derecho fundamental, pues permite el disfrute de todos los demás derechos –y el cumplimiento de las obligaciones– en condiciones de igualdad. Proporcionar esa asistencia puede considerarse, en consecuencia, una responsabilidad ética de los gobiernos. Hay situaciones en las que la ausencia de asistencia lingüística no solo provoca discriminación y empece la prestación de servicios básicos, como la justicia o la sanidad, sino que puede llegar a convertirse en una segunda causa de victimización para colectivos en una situación de especial desprotección. Tal sería el caso de las mujeres extranjeras víctimas de violencia de género. En este trabajo, trataremos de visibilizar cómo la (falta de) respuesta institucional en España a las necesidades de asistencia lingüística de este colectivo puede dar lugar a situaciones en las que conllevan una revictimización de las mujeres. A partir de los testimonios de mujeres extrajeras supervivientes de violencia de género recogidos en diversos estudios, se han podido recoger tres instancias en las que esta circunstancia se produce y que serán analizadas: victimización secundaria debida a la desinformación de las víctimas, a tener que comunicarse en una lengua que no dominan y al trato dispensado por intérpretes y agentes.
Dexmedetomidine alleviates diabetic neuropathic pain by inhibiting microglial activation via regulation of miR618/P2Y12 pathway
Authors: Song Jiannan , Cong Shan , Qiao2 Yan 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic neuropathy pain (DNP) in rats and elucidate its mechanism of action.Methods: The DNP rat model was established by injecting STZ (70 mg/kg) following dexmedetomidine treatment. Next BV-2 cells were stimulated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 200 ng/mL) and then administered 20 μM dexmedetomidine. Blood glucose levels, body weight, and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) were measured once a week in DNP rats. Transfection was performed, and luciferasereporter assay was used to verify microRNA (miR)-337 binding to Rap1A mRNA. Reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the levels of miR-618 and P2Y12 while the protein levels of P2Y12 and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1) were determined by western blot analysis.Results: Dexmedetomidine treatment significantly increased PWT (p < 0.01) in DNP rats and decreased miR-618 expression (p < 0.01) but increased P2Y12 expression (p < 0.01) in the spinal cord of DNP rats. Luciferase reporter assay data showed that the presumed binding site of miR-618 is located in the 3′-untranslated regions of P2Y12. MiR-618 overexpression significantly reduced P2Y12levels (p < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine upregulated P2Y12 expression (p < 0.01) but decreased IBA-1 expression (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine application attenuates DNP by inhibiting microglial activation via the regulation of miR-618/P2Y12 pathway. This finding provides a potential therapeutic strategy for DNP management.
Keywords: Dexmedetomidine, Diabetic neuropathy pain, Paw withdrawal threshold, Calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1, MiR-618, P2Y12
A nationwide study on the knowledge, awareness, and practices towards COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alahmadi Yaser M. , Al Thagfan Sultan S. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To investigate public knowledge, awareness and practice regarding COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted, with a 16-item self-administered questionnaire. Data was collected using social media as the platform a day after the lockdown commenced in Saudi Arabia and data collection lasted from March 25 to April 25, 2020. Chi-square test was performed to determine the association between the variables.Results: The results showed that 96 % (n = 1505) of adults were aware of the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and 57.9 % (n = 908) correctly identified that a stuffy nose and sneezing were less common in persons infected with the virus. A majority (95.4 %, n = 1495) agreed that there was no established therapeutic treatment for COVID-19. Further, 91.7 % (n = 1437) agreed that the virus could spread via respiratory droplets and only 46.2 % (n = 724) acknowledged that wearing face mask helped prevent transmission. The results also showed that 83.2 % (n = 1299) of the participants thought that visiting crowded places increased the likelihood of transmission.Conclusion: The findings of this study reveal that adults in Saudi Arabia are cognizant of COVID-19 and maintained good attitudes and practices regarding it. Furthermore, health education programs aimed at improving awareness of the disease and appropriate control measures will be beneficial in curbing the virus pandemic.
Keywords: Saudi Arabia, Coronavirus, Pandemic, COVID-19, Flu, Symptoms
Prescription pattern of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among community patients with musculoskeletal and co-morbid conditions: A crosssectional study from an Iraqi province
Authors: Al-Taie Anmar , Hussein Ali N. , Albasry Zahraa 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To determine the pattern of prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) co-prescription with NSAIDs in a sample of patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders with and without co-morbid cardiovascular (CV) disease conditions in Baghdad Province, Iraq.Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire to assess the clinical characteristics of patients that used NSAIDs alone or with PPIs for the treatment of different musculoskeletal disorders with and without co-morbid cardiovascular (CV) disease conditions.Results: A total of 102 participants were enrolled in the study. More than half of the participants had comorbid disease conditions (53.9 %), particularly hypertension (47.1 %). Nearly a quarter of the participants with CV disease conditions used non-selective NSAIDs (25.5 %). The majority of NSAIDs intake were orally administered for more than one month (79.4 %). Physicians were the major source for patient education about the risk of NSAIDs-associated complications according to 59.6 % of the participants. The majority of participants reported non-adherence to the prescribed PPIs (86.5 %). There was a statistically significant difference between the participants that used NSAIDs alone, and those with PPI co-prescription within the age group of 31 - 60 years (p < 0.0001) and for a duration of more than one month for NSAIDs administration (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: There is improper use of NSAIDs, particularly the non-selective agents, among patients with co-morbid cardiovascular disease conditions, as well as poor medication adherence and improper co-prescription of PPIs. This requires periodic revision for long-term intake of NSAIDs, while applying more care to high-risk patients regarding co-prescription of NSAIDs with PPIs.
Keywords: Cardiovascular, Co-morbidity, Gastrointestinal complications, NSAIDs, Proton-pump inhibitors
Minocycline improves learning and memory functions in ischemic stroke rats via reduction of cerebral ischemia-induced neuroinflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Li Li , Xing Xiaolian , Li Qian , Zhang Qinqin , Fu Lu , Liu Yi 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To study the effect minocycline on learning and memory functions in ischemic stroke rats, and the underlying mechanism.
Methods: 60 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, ischemic brain damage (6 and 24 h MACO) groups; and 6 and 24 h minocycline groups, with 12 rats in each group. The volume of cerebral infarction, neuronal cell apoptosis, NF-κB protein expression, learning and memory ability, and the number of Iba-1+CD206-positive cells, and CD206/CD68 mRNA expressions in sham group, 6 h MACO group and 6 h minocycline group were determined and compared.
Results: The number of iba-1 +CD206-positive cells, expression level of CD206 mRNA, frequency of platform crossing, and percentage of third quadrant route in 6 h minocycline group were significantly higher than the corresponding values in 6 h MACO group. However, the cerebral infarction volume, number of Nini-positive cells, and the NF- B protein expression levels were markedly reduced, relative to corresponding values in 6 h MACO rats. The number of iba-1+CD206-positive cells was significantly lower in 6 h MACO rats than in sham rats, while the expression level of CD68 mRNA was significantly higher (p < 0.05). The number of TUNEL-positive cells in 6 and 24 h minocycline groups were markedly lower than that in 6 h MACO group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Minocycline improves learning and memory of ischemic stroke rats by relieving the neuroinflammation induced by cerebral ischemia and cell apoptosis. Thus, the compound can be further developed for management learning and memory deficits in stroke patients.