bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connection between Emission and Absorption Outflows through the Study of Quasars with Extremely High Velocity Outflows
Authors: Rodríguez Hidalgo Paola , Rankine Amy L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A recently discovered class of outflows, extremely high velocity outflows (EHVOs), may be key to understanding feedback processes, as it is likely the most powerful in terms of mass energy. These EHVOs have been observed at redshifts 1.052 < z
em < 7.641, but the potential connection with outflows in emission has not been studied. We find that EHVOs, albeit their small numbers at the moment, appear to show distinct C iv and He ii properties. In particular, EHVOs are more predominant in quasars with large blueshifts of the C iv emission line, suggesting a connection between emission and absorption outflowing signatures for these extreme outflows. We also find incipient trends with the maximum velocity of the outflows, which is similar to what has been previously found in BALQSOs but now extending previous studies to speeds up to ∼0.2c. We find that the bolometric luminosities, Eddington ratios, and black hole masses of our sample are overall very similar to the general quasar population upon considering their C iv emission properties. This is close to the case for He ii EW, as we observe a tentative upper limit to the He ii strength for a quasar to host an EHVO. This study shows that extreme outflows such as EHVOs appear in quasars that are clearly a distinct class from the overall BALQSO population and solidify the relation between outflows observed in emission and absorption.
Tidally-induced Magnetar Super Flare at the Eve of Coalescence with Its Compact Companion
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Yi Shu-Xu , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Xiong Shao-Lin , Xiao Shuo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the late inspiral phase of a double neutron star (NS) or NS–black hole system in which one NS is a magnetar, the tidal force on the magnetar arisen from its companion will increase dramatically as the binary approaches. The tidal-induced deformation may surpass the maximum that the magnetar’s crust can sustain just seconds or subseconds before the coalescence. A catastrophic global crust destruction may thus occur, and the magnetic energy stored in the magnetar’s interior will have the opportunity to be released, which would be observed as a superflare with energy 100s of times larger than giant flares of magnetars. Such a mechanism can naturally explain the recently observed precursor of GRB 211211A, including its quasiperiodic oscillation. We predict that in the coming gravitational wave O4/O5 period, there could be a fraction of detected double NS mergers associated with such super flares. If observed, copious information on the structure and magnetic field in an NS interior can be obtained, which is hard to study elsewhere.
S’engager pour un humanisme du soin
Authors: Métraux Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2022

Tout humanisme du soin est illusoire sans reconnaissance préalable des similitudes que partage tout être humain, en particulier les thérapeutes et les membres des familles avec lesquelles nous travaillons, ainsi que les collègues au sein ou non d’une même institution. Mais il faut encore approuver l’autre explicitement comme un semblable : des voies à cet égard seront explorées. L’expérience de la pandémie et du semi-confinement permet d’approfondir ces pistes. Le principal obstacle réside dans les méta-valeurs dominantes dans notre société, elle-même tributaires de certains de nos deuils. Ces observations permettent de préciser les conditions d’un engagement résolu en faveur d’un humanisme du soin.
La position transdisciplinaire
Authors: Ciccone Albert 
Published: November 2022

Pour l’auteur, l’essentiel du soin psychique a lieu dans un espace interdisciplinaire mais surtout transdisciplinaire que définissent certaines caractéristiques. Ce qu’il nomme « position transdisciplinaire » se situe à l’opposé d’une position omnipotente et omnisciente, supposant au contraire humilité et humanisme. Pluridisciplinarité, interdisciplinarité et transdisciplinarité sont distinguées. Dans l’espace transdisciplinaire, le soin psychique mobilise des processus aux frontières des mondes somatique et social, éventuellement dans des espaces clandestins. Dans ce contexte, l’approche psychanalytique se doit d’être ouverte, en transitionnalisant ces frontières sans nécessairement intégrer d’autres disciplines, dans une position transdisciplinaire où la fonction soignante est partagée, ce que l’auteur illustre. Pour lui, la parentalité est un exemple paradigmatique de transdisciplinarité ; il en fait dériver la notion de « parentalité soignante » (des parents, des professionnels, d’une institution, du social) qui désigne l’invariant transdisciplinaire commun à l’ensemble des professions soignantes.
La question de l’endettement public en sept points
Authors: Artus Patrick 
Published: November 2022

Le niveau très élevé des taux d’endettement public après la crise de la Covid a relancé le débat sur la soutenabilité de la dette publique. Pour les uns, il est urgent de revenir à une politique budgétaire plus restrictive, de réduire les taux d’endettement public, pour éviter la divergence des taux d’endettement public qui conduirait certainement à une crise financière ; pour les autres, dans un environnement de taux d’intérêt très bas, il faut au contraire que l’État s’endette davantage pour financer les dépenses publiques qui sont nécessaires. Les décideurs publics sont confrontés à cette divergence des opinions des économistes, qui leur rend évidemment la tâche difficile. Nous allons essayer ici de réfléchir à cette question de l’endettement public en ordonnant la réflexion en sept points, et en illustrant l’analyse par les données correspondant à la zone euro. Classification JEL : H50, H54, H60, H62, H63, H68.
L’Europe et la dette
Authors: P. Feld Lars 
Published: November 2022

Dans cet entretien, l’auteur retrace les avancées de la politique européenne à la suite de la crise financière et après la crise pandémique et comment cette politique européenne a permis d’absorber une partie de la dette des États souverains et de stabiliser l’envolée de cette dette européenne. Classification JEL : H50, H54, H60, H62, H63, H68.
Économies du Sud : toujours sous conditions néolibérales ?
Authors: Polet François 
Published: November 2022

Longtemps critiquées, les conditions économiques libérales imposées par le FMI et la Banque mondiale aux pays en développement ont fait l’objet d’une série de révisions sur la forme et le fond, dans la foulée des crises. La réforme tant attendue de la doctrine économique sous-jacente s’avère cependant toute relative. Et la rhétorique de l’« appropriation » cache mal la poursuite d’une conditionnalité actualisant un rapport néocolonial entre pays.
Économies du Sud : toujours sous conditions néolibérales ?
Authors: Fernandes Marcelo , Freitas Alexandre , Wegner Rubia , Pirlet Christian 
Published: November 2022

Entre rapprochements, tensions et ruptures, les rapports du Fonds monétaire international (FMI) avec l’Argentine sont passés par des phases contrastées depuis la seconde moitié des années 1990. En dépit d’une rhétorique au service de la « coopération monétaire mondiale » et de la stabilité financière, cette histoire montre que le FMI a adopté une attitude conflictuelle dès lors que le gouvernement argentin ne s’alignait pas sur sa vision.
Antibiotic consumption in the public sector of the Limpopo province, South Africa, 2014–2018
Authors: Mthombeni Tiyani C. , Burger Johanita R. , Lubbe Martha S. , Julyan Marlene 
Published: November 2022

Background: Antibiotic consumption (ABC) surveillance is a critical component of the strategic priority response to the increasing antibiotic resistance threat. Levels of ABC at the national and provincial levels in South Africa are unknown because of inadequate ABC surveillance systems and literature. Antibiotic consumption in the public sector of Limpopo province, South Africa, 2014-2018Methods: This retrospective study used sales data retrieved from a pharmaceutical warehouse distribution database to quantify ABC. Antibiotic consumption was measured by the defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) and 75% drug utilisation index (DU75%). Change in consumption was measured by the compound annual growth rate (CAGR).Results: Between 2014 and 2018, the mean ABC was 4.6 ± 1.0 DID, with an overall decrease of 1.6% in the CAGR. Penicillins (2.3 ± 0.8; 50.0%), sulphonamide and trimethoprim combinations (1.4 ± 0.3 DID; 30.4%) were the most consumed antibiotics. Macrolides had the highest relative increase in consumption during the study period, with a CAGR of 18.5%. In contrast, tetracyclines had the highest relative decrease in consumption, with a CAGR of 100.0%. The CAGR ratio for broad- to narrow-spectrum increased by 39.3%, from 0.4 in 2014 to 2.1 in 2018. The DU75% comprised amoxicillin (28.4%), sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) (27.2%), doxycycline (12.3%) and azithromycin (9.2%).Conclusion: While ABC remained relatively stable throughout the study, there was an increase in broad-spectrum ABC that requires further investigation.Contribution: This study contributes ABC surveillance data in Southern Africa, described by ATC classification, which is essential for monitoring and evaluating antibiotic stewardship programmes.
Adherence and clinical outcomes of HIV patients switching to a fixed-dose combination regimen
Authors: Kruger-Swanepoel Geziena E. , Lubbe Martie S. , Rakumakoe Dorcas M. , Vorster Martine 
Published: November 2022

Background: The efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is monitored using clinical markers such as viral load (VL) and CD4 counts. Adherence to ART has been associated with viral suppression and improved clinical outcomes.Objectives: To determine the relationship between adherence status with multiple-tablet regimens (MTR) and fixed-dose combination (FDC) regimens, to weight, CD4 count and VL of patients living with HIV.Method: An observational, descriptive study was conducted on a closed cohort of patients living with HIV and attending a primary health care clinic in Northern Cape in South Africa between 01 January 2013 and 31 December 2015. Patients were on an MTR and changed to an FDC regimen. Adherence was measured using the medicine possession ratio (MPR).Results: Statistically significant differences exist between the mean MPR of the 30-day (p = 0.0308) and 28-day supply (p 0.0001) of the MTR when compared to FDC regimen. No statistically significant differences could be found between adherence and clinical outcomes such as weight, CD4 count and VL for either MTR or FDC regimens. The suppressed VL values measured for MTR were n = 299 (89.25%) and n = 415 (93.05%) for FDC regimen.Conclusion: Adherence improved when patients were switched to FDC, but no statistically significant differences in clinical outcomes measured as weight, CD4 count and VL between adherence status and regimen type could be found.Contribution: This study contributes to much-needed information about ART adherence and clinical outcomes (such as weight, CD4 count and VL) of adult HIV-positive patients in a public healthcare clinic in the Northern Cape, South Africa.
Correlation of Carbonic Anhydrase VI Enzyme, Total Proteins, Antioxidant Levels of Saliva and Dental Caries in Caries-Free and Caries-Active Children – A Case–Control Study
Authors: Vasudevan Anjana Cherath , Sridhar Nekkanti , Bhat Vinutha , Bhat Meghana 
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives:
Factors in the biofilm influence the induction and advancement of the carious process. This study was done to relate and assess the levels of enzyme carbonic anhydrase VI, total protein, and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase, lipid peroxidase, and uric acid) in caries-free and caries-active children.

Methods:
This case–control study comprised 60 children of age group 6–12 years who were evaluated for decayed missing filled teeth (dmft)/DMFT criteria and distributed into two groups: Group 1 – caries active (case) and Group 2 – caries free (control) for saliva collection with 30 participants in each of the above groups. Stimulated saliva was obtained, and the samples were then evaluated using biochemical lab tests. The data were then statistically evaluated using independent t-test.

Results:
Catalase in the caries-free group was significantly higher, but the concentration of carbonic anhydrase (CAVI) enzyme, total protein, and other antioxidant enzyme activity was enhanced in caries-active children in which uric acid demonstrated a statistically significant difference with higher levels in caries-active group.

Conclusion:
There is an increased concentration of CAVI enzyme in caries-active group and total protein showed a linear relation with caries activity. Antioxidant parameters such as SOD and lipid peroxidase were increased with caries activity. Uric acid was significantly higher in the caries-active group, whereas catalase showed an indirect relation with dental caries. Significant variations in the levels of these parameters imply that the levels of these components of saliva can act as strong markers of caries status in children.
A New Diagnostic Criteria and Grading System of Rhino-Maxillary Mucormycosis based on Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Findings
Authors: Muley Pooja , Garg Ranjana , Jambure Rajesh , Gupta Vivek Vijay , Mahesh K. P. , Thind Gagandeep 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic fungal infection, which has a rapidly progressive and fulminant course with fatal outcome. It is the need of the hour to diagnose and treat the increasing cases urgently.

Aim:
The aim of this article is to study the common radiographic features of rhinomaxillary mucormycosis (RMM), find diagnostic criteria, and grade the disease according to the radiographic features.

Settings:
This study was conducted at Face Three-Dimensional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Center, Aurangabad, Maharashtra.

Materials and Methods:
CBCT scans of 30 patients who were referred for CBCT scanning of suspected RMM were retrospectively evaluated for relevant radiological data.

Results:
The most common CBCT features of RMM were osteolytic lesions in alveolar bone, palate, nose and nasal cavity, and zygoma along with involvement of paranasal sinuses. About 76.66% of patients had a history of COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion:
According to the collected data, the scans of probable rhinomaxillary mucormycosis were graded in three groups – mild, moderate, and severe. The goal of this article is to emphasize the most overlook diagnostic entity – CBCT and its significant importance in early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of RMM. Early diagnosis of RMM can save the patients from the extent of morbidity and mortality.
Comparative Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Wettability of an Alkasite with Nano Bulk-Fill and Nanofilled Resin Composite Restorative Materials
Authors: Shekhar Shrehya , Suprabha Baranya Shrikrishna , Shenoy Ramya , Natarajan Srikant , Rao Arathi 
Published: November 2022

Context:
Surface characteristics of resin-based composites (RBCs) can change with polishing and over time.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to compare the surface roughness and wettability of three different posterior RBCs after polishing and the change in these surface characteristics over time, after aqueous aging.

Settings and Design:
Experimental in vitro study.

Materials and Methods:
Eleven disc-shaped RBC specimens were fabricated. The RBCs used were, alkasite composite, bulk-fill nanocomposite, conventional nanofilled composite. All the specimens underwent polishing with Soflex Diamond Polishing System and then analyzed for roughness and wettability at baseline and after aqueous aging for 3 months with the help of an atomic force microscope and a contact angle goniometer respectively.

Statistical Analysis:
One-way ANOVA and Tamhane test were used for the multiple comparisons.

Results:
Alkasite composite showed significantly higher surface roughness (P = 0.028 and P < 0.001, respectively) and lower wettability (P = 0.023 and P = 0.020, respectively) than conventional nanofilled composite at baseline and 3 months. Surface roughness of alkasite composite was also significantly higher than bulk-fill nanocomposite (P = 0.009 and P < 0.001, respectively) at both the time points.

Conclusions:
Alkasite has higher surface roughness in comparison to conventional nanocomposite and bulk-fill nanocomposite and lower wettability than conventional nanocomposite after polishing and aqueous aging over a 3-month period. In terms of surface characteristics, alkasite composite may be advantageous in preventing initial plaque adhesion to the material surface, but the lower surface roughness of nano-filled composites may be more advantageous in terms of plaque retention prevention.
Biochemical, Physiological, and Anthropometric Changes Associated with Years of Training in Weightlifting
Authors: Deku Prince De-Gualle , Annani-Akollor Max Effui , Moses Monday Omoniyi , Afranie Bright Oppong , Tiguridaane Isaac Azo , Koffie Simon , Doku Abigail Oforiwaa , Akwa Lady Gwendoline 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Most Ghanaian youths engage in weight training mostly for bodybuilding with littles attention to biochemical, physiological, and anthropometric changes on the long run. This study investigated the effect of duration of training (DOT) on biochemical, physiological, and anthropometric parameters of weightlifters.

Materials and Methods:
University setting and a cross-sectional descriptive study design were adopted. Sixty-six adult male weightlifters with a mean age of 25.98 ± 5.66 served as study sample. Modified Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 was administered. Self-reported DOT (grouped into 0–12 months, 1–5 years, and >5 years) and demographic and lifestyle information were collected. Anthropometric, physiological, lipid profile, total protein, albumin, globulin, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) data were obtained.

Results:
Most of the participants greatly valued weight training (scale of 5 = 4.63 ± 0.89). Longer DOT was significantly associated with increased chest circumference (P = 0.013), arm circumference (P = 0.010), and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.038). Statistical significance was only observed for dietary supplement intake and plasma globulin levels (P = 0.030). Association between GFR and dietary supplement intake was insignificant (P = 0.256).

Conclusions:
Weight training positively influences biochemical, physiological, and anthropometric indices of weightlifters. Investment in and motivational intervention in weight training would be beneficial to health lifestyle. A study with larger sample size on elite weightlifters could elicit further findings.
THE CHANGING STATUS OF THE NIGERIAN NATIVE SPEAKER: IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Authors: Tom-Lawyer Oris , Thomas Michael 
Published: November 2022

Globalisation has taken its toll on different aspects of human life, having both positive and negative effects on the languages spoken around the world in particular. As a consequence, the concept of the native speaker is becoming increasingly blurred and is in danger of becoming lost. Researchers in different disciplines have highlighted the inimical import of the term (Cheng, Burgess, Vernooij, Solis-Barroso, McDermott &amp; Naboodiripad, 2021). However, it is necessary to preserve the term in order to maintain the native speaker’s identity (Kim, 2022) and authenticity. Every Nigerian has an ethnic language by virtue of the fact that their parents are Nigerians which makes him/her the possessor of an L1 or first language. But, does the possession of a mother tongue qualify a person to be a native speaker in Nigeria in the traditional sense of the term? Some other children have acquired Nigerian English as their first language and cannot communicate in any other language except Nigerian English. As a consequence, could they also be termed ‘native speakers of English?’ Similarly, would children who have acquired Nigerian Pidgin (Niger Delta region) as their first language also be referred to as native speakers of Pidgin? There are also deaf people in Nigeria and similar questions emerge about how best to describe their native language. It is against this background that this paper undertakes a critical literature review to examine the changing status of the Nigerian ‘native speaker’ and the nuances associated with it, many of which are often ignored or concealed in the attempt to understand it as a homogenous term. Arising from the literature review, the paper argues that in future, Nigerian indigenous languages may become extinct and that to guard against this outcome, there is a need to preserve native languages in the country, hence the status of its speakers. The study concludes that the use of the term ‘native speaker’ is losing its currency and recommends the preservation of the concept as it symbolises the language rights of the minority and a model source of data for the language (Skutnabb-Kangas and Phillipson, 1989; cited in De Gruyter, 2012).<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0968/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
A FREUDIAN READING OF HAROLD PINTER'S THE HOMECOMING
Authors: Rouabhia Ridha 
Published: November 2022

Like many other literary genres, drama reflects human experiences and explores their psychological depths. It brings life to text and meaning to gesture. It breaks down all obstacles between the work and its audience. Drama is the most authentic representation of literature since it incorporates performance into text and embodies meaning on stage. This paper aimed to psychoanalyse Harold Pinter's The Homecoming according to Sigmund Freud's theories, particularly self-defence mechanisms, oedipal complex, sibling rivalry, and the concept of a dysfunctional family. The approach used in this study is qualitative, in which description and analysis are provided. The discussion showed that The Homecoming reflects human nature in its extreme state in which "what should not be" outgrows "what should be". It is a play of contradiction, violation, and menace. However, it is recommended to analyse The Homecoming in future papers using feminist theory as the play challenges established norms of femininity and imposes aspects of patriarchy.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0959/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
RACIAL IDENTITY, CLASS STRUGGLE AND GENERATION GAP WITHIN A BLACK-AMERICAN FAMILY AS SEEN THROUGH A RAISIN IN THE SUN BY LORRAINE HANSBERRY
Authors: Ahouangansi Sènankpon Raoul 
Published: November 2022

<p>Dealing with democratic rights and equality when the civil rights movement was at its earlier stages, <em>A raisin in the Sun</em> analyzes the context, assesses reality and shapes the life the author observes among Americans in their different socio-economic and even political steps of life. Mainly about how the Walter family will spend a ten-thousand-dollar insurance payment after its patriarch’s death and about whether the family will move into an affordable new home in a hostile white neighborhood, the play relocates both blacks and whites in their responsibilities. In a vivid environment of conflicting interests where race is a place, white is right and money makes and defines the man, this article explains the powerlessness of black people to control their own fate or that of their families as opposed to privileged white Americans, under the lenses of New Criticism as a scientific lead, in a capitalist America.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0333/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>