bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomised crossover trial: Exploring the dose–response effect of carbohydrate restriction on glycaemia in people with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes
Authors: Al‐Ozairi Ebaa , Reem Al Awadi , El Samad Abeer , Taghadom Etab , Al‐Kandari Jumana , Abdul‐Ghani Muhammad , Oliver Nick , Whitcher Brandon , Guess Nicola 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTrials investigating the role of carbohydrate restriction in the management of glycaemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been confounded by multiple factors, including degree of calorie restriction and dietary protein content, as well as by no clear definition of a low‐carbohydrate diet. The present study aimed to provide insight into the relationship between carbohydrate restriction and glycaemia by testing the effect of varying doses of carbohydrate on continuous glucose concentrations within a range of intakes defined as low‐carbohydrate at the same time as controlling for confounding factors.MethodsThis was a randomised crossover trial in participants with T2D (HbA1c: 6.6 ± 0.6%, 49 ± 0.9 mmol mol–1) testing five different 6‐day eucaloric dietary treatments with varying carbohydrate content (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% kcal). Diets exchanged %kcal from carbohydrate with fat, keeping protein constant at 15% kcal. Daily self‐weighing was employed to ensure weight stability throughout each treatment arm. Between dietary treatments, participants underwent a washout period of at least 7 days and were advised to maintain their habitual diet. Glycaemic control was assessed using a continuous glucose monitoring device.ResultsTwelve participants completed the study. There were no differences in 24‐h and post‐prandial sensor glucose concentrations between the 30 and 10%kcal doses (7.4 ± 1.1 mmol L–1 vs. 7.6 ± 1.3 mmol L–1 [p = 0.28] and 8.1 ± 1.5 mmol L–1 vs. 8.5 ± 1.4 mmol L–1 [p = 0.28], respectively). In our exploratory analyses, we did not find any dose–response relationship between carbohydrate intake and glycaemia. A small amount of weight loss occurred in each treatment arm (range: 0.4–1.1 kg over the 6 days) but adjusting for these differences did not influence the primary or secondary outcomes.ConclusionsModest changes in dietary carbohydrate content in the absence of weight loss at the same time as keeping dietary protein intake constant do not appear to influence glucose concentrations in people with well‐controlled T2D.SummaryThis study randomised people with T2D to receive five different doses of carbohydrate from 10% to 30% of calories in random order to see what effect it had on their blood glucose.
Dressing like a pathogen: Comparative analysis of different Pseudomonas genomospecies wearing different features to infect Corylus avellana
Authors: Turco Silvia , Zuppante Leonardo , Drais Mounira Inas , Mazzaglia Angelo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring the last decade, the European hazelnut (Corylus avellana) has been threatened by several bacterial and fungal infections. In particular, at least four different Pseudomonas species have developed the capability to converge into the same host. However, one of these species, Pseudomonas avellanae, may infect other hosts as well. Here, we newly provide the complete genome sequence of two Pseudomonas avellanae strains obtained by a combination of long Oxford Nanopore Technologies reads (ONT) and short Illumina reads. These have been included in a comparative analysis with all the genomes of Pseudomonas strains known to infect Corylus avellana available on the NCBI database, and the genomes of Pseudomonas avellanae strains infecting other host plants, like Prunus, Actinidia and from the river epilithon. The Pseudomonas strains clustered according to their taxonomy, host and geographic origins. The identification of specific traits related to each population cluster could give us insights regarding the host–pathogen interaction and the host range specificity. Indeed, the Pseudomonas avellanae strains infecting hazelnut have a peculiar set of three type III secretion effectors, while the Pseudomonas avellanae infecting Prunus and Actinidia are carrying the genomic WHOP island, necessary for woody‐host infection. The syringae cluster, instead, contains more phytotoxins, the ice nucleation cluster, but less effectors. Thus, here, we confirmed that the convergence into the same host was possible due to different unrelated mechanisms of infection.
Individual differences in digesta retention and their relation to chewing in cattle—A pilot investigation
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Yang , Terranova Melissa , Ortmann Sylvia , Kreuzer Michael , Hummel Jürgen , Clauss Marcus 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile information on individual differences in digesta mean retention time (MRT) might be interesting when selecting phenotypes for digestive efficiency, MRT measurements are prohibitively labour‐intensive for large‐scale application. Therefore, more easily measured proxies of MRT might be helpful. We used the opportunity of an experiment applying saliva stimulant in cattle to investigate the effect of different individual chewing behaviour on fluid and particle MRT with a consistent diet. Four non‐lactating cattle (670–850 kg body mass [BM]) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, treated with the saliva stimulant pilocarpine in dosages of 0, 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg BM per day. The cattle were fed hay with dry matter intake (DMI) assigned according to their metabolic body weight. MRT in the whole gastrointestinal tract (GIT), the reticulorumen (RR) and the distal tract were measured using Co‐EDTA, Cr‐mordanted fibre and La‐mordanted fibre as markers representing fluid, small particles (2 mm) and large particles (1 cm), respectively. The chewing behaviour was measured via noseband pressure sensor and expressed as chewing frequency (chews per time) and chewing intensity (chews per DMI), both for total chewing (ingestion plus rumination) and rumination chewing alone. The animals differed considerably in chewing behaviour and MRT measures. BM did not show a significant effect on chewing behaviour and MRT measures, though it tended to negatively correlated to total chewing intensity. Chewing intensity exerted a significant negative influence on MRT of fluid and particles in the RR, which was not the case for chewing frequency. Chewing frequency showed a significant relationship with MRT of large particles in the GIT. We suggest that chewing behaviour could influence MRT in two ways: (i) by affecting saliva production via the masticatory‐salivary reflex and subsequently, the fluid inflow to the RR; (ii) by contributing to particle size reduction. Should the link between chewing behaviour and MRT be corroborated in larger studies, chewing measures, with their large interindividual variation, could emerge as an easy‐to‐measure proxy for MRT characteristics.
Comparative genomics among cyst nematodes reveals distinct evolutionary histories among effector families and an irregular distribution of effector‐associated promoter motifs
Authors: van Steenbrugge Joris J. M. , van den Elsen Sven , Holterman Martijn , Lozano‐Torres Jose L. , Putker Vera , Thorpe Peter , Goverse Aska , Sterken Mark G. , Smant Geert , Helder Johannes 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPotato cyst nematodes (PCNs), an umbrella term used for two species, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis, belong worldwide to the most harmful pathogens of potato. Pathotype‐specific host plant resistances are essential for PCN control. However, the poor delineation of G. pallida pathotypes has hampered the efficient use of available host plant resistances. Long‐read sequencing technology allowed us to generate a new reference genome of G. pallida population D383 and, as compared to the current reference, the new genome assembly is 42 times less fragmented. For comparison of diversification patterns of six effector families between G. pallida and G. rostochiensis, an additional reference genome was generated for an outgroup, the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii (IRS population). Large evolutionary contrasts in effector family topologies were observed. While VAPs (venom allergen‐like proteins) diversified before the split between the three cyst nematode species, the families GLAND5 and GLAND13 only expanded in PCNs after their separation from the genus Heterodera. Although DNA motifs in the promoter regions thought to be involved in the orchestration of effector expression (“DOG boxes”) were present in all three cyst nematode species, their presence is not a necessity for dorsal gland‐produced effectors. Notably, DOG box dosage was only loosely correlated with the expression level of individual effector variants. Comparison of the G. pallida genome with those of two other cyst nematodes underlined the fundamental differences in evolutionary history between effector families. Resequencing of PCN populations with different virulence characteristics will allow for the linking of these characteristics to the composition of the effector repertoire as well as for the mapping of PCN diversification patterns resulting from extreme anthropogenic range expansion.
Beyond continental and African philosophies of personhood, healthcare and difference
Authors: Imafidon Elvis 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, I explore the challenges that ideological hegemonies of personhood imbibed by nurses and other healthcare workers could pose for the nursing profession, particularly in terms of inhibiting the acknowledgment of difference. Dominant or hegemonic conceptions of personhood in particular spaces often consist of self‐contained ideas and essentialist ontologies and normativity of what it means to be a person, lack of which results in the denial of personhood and the othering as non‐person or sub‐person. The other as the residue of such self‐contained notions of personhood is most often denied the quality of care that the one who fits within such conceptions enjoy. For nurses and other healthcare workers to overcome such exclusionary tendencies in healthcare, they must overcome hegemonies and ideological dominance and be more open to alternative viewpoints and theories of personhood. I develop these lines of thought by focusing on the rich ideological traditions of Continental and African philosophies showing how exclusion takes place within these traditions based on conceptions of personhood and how such exclusion on the basis of difference impacts negatively on healthcare. I conclude by highlighting the need to go beyond hegemonic philosophies of personhood by decolonizing and demasculinizing healthcare, thereby allowing difference to flourish in an ecology of medical knowledge.
Metabolomics analysis reveals molecular linkages for the impact of vitamin D on childhood allergic airway diseases
Authors: Chang Yu‐Ho , Yeh Kuo‐Wei , Huang Jing‐Long , Su Kuan‐Wen , Tsai Ming‐Han , Hua Man‐Chin , Liao Sui‐Ling , Lai Shen‐Hao , Chen Li‐Chen , Chiu Chih‐Yung 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have reported the relevance between serum vitamin D and allergic immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses and atopic diseases. However, a metabolomics‐based approach to the impacts of vitamin D on allergic reactions remains unclear.MethodsA total of 111 children completed a 3‐year follow‐up were enrolled and classified based on longitudinal vitamin D status (≥ 30 ng/ml, n = 54; 20–29.9 ng/ml, n = 41; <20 ng/ml, n = 16). Urinary metabolomic profiling was performed using 1H‐Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy at age 3. Integrative analyses of their associations related to vitamin D levels, atopic indices, and allergies were performed, and their roles in functional metabolic pathways were also assessed.ResultsSix and five metabolites were identified to be significantly associated with vitamin D status and atopic diseases, respectively (FDR‐adjusted p‐value <.05). A further correlation analysis revealed that vitamin D‐associated 3‐hydroxyisobutyric acid and glutamine were positively correlated with atopic disease‐associated succinic acid and alanine, respectively. Furthermore, hippuric acid was negatively correlated with atopic disease‐associated formic acid, which was positively correlated with vitamin D level (p < .01). Absolute eosinophil count (AEC) was positively correlated with serum D. pteronyssinus‐ and D. farinae‐specific IgE level (p < .01) but negatively correlated with vitamin D level (p < .05). Amino acid metabolisms were significantly associated with vitamin D related to childhood allergies.ConclusionIntegrative metabolomic analysis provides the link of vitamin D‐associated metabolites with the gut microbiome and immunoallergic reactions related to childhood allergies.
Dynamic pricing and inventory management in the presence of online reviews
Authors: Yang Nan , Zhang Renyu 
Published: May 2022

We study the joint pricing and inventory management problem in the presence of online customer reviews. Customers who purchase the product may post reviews that would influence future customers' purchasing behaviors. We develop a stochastic joint pricing and inventory management model to characterize the optimal policy in the presence of online reviews. We show that a rating‐dependent base‐stock/list‐price policy is optimal. Interestingly, we can reduce the dynamic program that characterizes the optimal policy to one with a single‐dimensional state space (the aggregate net rating). The presence of online reviews gives rise to the trade‐off between generating current profits and inducing future demands, thus having several important implications for the firm's operations decisions. First, online reviews drive the firm to deliver a better service and attract more customers to post a review. Hence, the safety‐stock and base‐stock levels are higher in the presence of online reviews. Second, the evolution of the aggregate net rating process follows a mean‐reverting pattern: When the current rating is low (respectively, high), it has an increasing (respectively, decreasing) trend in expectation. Third, although myopic profit optimization leads to significant optimality losses in the presence of online reviews, balancing current profits, and near‐future demands suffices to exploit the network effect induced by online reviews. We propose a dynamic look‐ahead heuristic policy that leverages this idea well and achieves small optimality gaps that decay exponentially in the length of the look‐ahead time window. Finally, we develop a general paid‐review strategy, which provides monetary incentives for customers to leave reviews. This strategy facilitates the retailer to (partially) separately generate current profits and induce future demands via the network effect of online reviews.
Between Legal Philosophy and Cognitive Science: The Tension Problem
Authors: Jakubiec Marek 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMuch controversy has arisen in recent years about the relation between legal philosophy and cognitive science, with some authors announcing a revolution brought about in law by the advances in the scientific study of cognition. At the same time, pessimistic declarations were made, and the significance of cognitive science for law and legal philosophy was denied. In this paper I argue that representatives of legal philosophy are now facing a “tension problem” which comes as a consequence of the following beliefs: that legal philosophy should be naturalized; that contemporary cognitive science is not a source of knowledge proper, that is, a source of naturalization; and that contemporary cognitive science is the best available source of knowledge about cognitive mechanisms. To illustrate the significance of the problem, a case study is presented that concerns research devoted to abstract concepts and its significance for the issues analyzed by legal philosophers, such as legal concepts and legal cognition. More general remarks about the manner of naturalizing jurisprudence are also presented.
Recurrent chronic suppurative osteomyelitis in the maxilla of a patient with diabetes mellitus and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: de Mello Carlos Henrique , Barbosa Joyce , Cortezzi Ellen Brilhante de Albuquerque , Janini Maria Elisa Rangel , Tenório Jefferson R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo report the case of chronic osteomyelitis of a maxilla in a woman with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM), glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and mental illness, in an attempt to clarify its pathogenesis and treatment.Methods and ResultsA case of a woman with moderate G6PD deficiency (Class III) who developed bilateral and asynchronous chronic suppurative osteomyelitis (CSO) of her maxilla with extensive bone sequestra, fistulae and whose management was performed by local surgery for bony sequestra and fistulae removal; closure communication under 4 weeks antibiotic cover.ConclusionsCSO of the jaw may be a complication of the G6PD deficiency and DM and its severity depends on patient's medical status.
Sustainability and environmental impact of on‐line hemodiafiltration
Authors: Chazot Charles 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnvironment has become a main issue of human activities. Chronic hemodialysis (HD) therapy saves lives but consumes large amounts of water and power and produces a lot of care‐related waste. On‐line hemodiafiltration (HDF) improves patients' outcomes but increases water consumption from ultra‐pure water needs and infusion volume. New‐generation water treatment systems have much reduced the proportion of reject water that can also be reused. Reducing the dialysate flow in standard HD decreases significantly the water consumption but impacts negatively dialysis efficiency. When on‐line HDF is prescribed, reducing the dialysate flow may be applied to decrease water needs while maintaining dialysis efficiency. Nowadays, dialysis prescription cannot ignore its impact on natural resources and environment.
A model for the early diagenesis of humid climate, fluvial strata influenced by adjacent salt deposits: Grande Anse Formation, Cumberland Basin, Canada
Authors: Bahr Fadel , Keighley Dave 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiagenetic models help explain reservoir quality of siliciclastic strata, which are globally important exploration targets for groundwater, petroleum and carbon sequestration. Siliciclastics occur in salt provinces worldwide but remain poorly studied despite documented deviation from basic eodiagenetic models. A new variation is explained based on evidence from Cumberland Basin strata (Grande Anse Formation, Pennsylvanian, Canada). These strata were deposited in a fluvial setting under semi‐humid to humid climates and represent an unconformable cover sequence over a salt wall. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, both employing cathodoluminescence, reveal that widespread early diagenetic phases are mostly deleterious to reservoir quality. These pre‐compactional eodiagenetic phases are: (i) variable dissolution/alteration of feldspars, micas and carbonate/evaporite clasts; clay and grain staining iron oxides; and pore‐filling kaolinite; (ii) microcrystalline calcite; quartz overgrowths, prismatic quartz, quartzine chalcedony and blocky quartz, the latter two pseudomorphous after gypsum; and barite; (iii) framboidal pyrite and locally extensive Mg, Fe and Mn‐bearing blocky calcite. The first phase is attributed to a seasonally wetted vadose zone under relatively low pH and positive Eh conditions characteristic of humid climates. In contrast, the second phase is usually associated with evaporitic conditions and arid climates, where authigenesis occurs in the capillary fringe to just below the water table, and where porewaters are much more saline. The third phase is related to authigenesis from shallow burial, anoxic, phreatic porewaters. How is the aforementioned humid/arid dichotomy deciphered? Important may be the distinction between vadose and circum‐water‐table phases. Beneath vadose deposits of the humid climate, the proximity of evaporite rock in the salt wall allows for its localized dissolution, providing abundant Ca, CO3 and SO4 ions to produce anomalously saline, shallow groundwater. Barite and transient gypsum precipitated, the latter subsequently replaced by chalcedony and pseudomorphous silica during sporadic events where flushing of meteoric water temporarily lowered pH.
Exploring the impact of dimensional comparisons in health contexts
Authors: Edmonds Keith A. , Rose Jason P. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract“Did I exercise enough this week?” “Should I eat that last donut?” “Am I in good shape?” Due to the ambiguity and difficulty of answering such questions, people often use comparison‐based information to contextualize their standing, inform self‐evaluations, and guide behavior. For example, to ascertain whether they have exercised enough, people can make social comparisons to peers (e.g., “Have I exercised more than my friends?”) or temporal comparisons of the present to the past (e.g., “Have I exercised more this week than last week?”). While ample research has examined the relevance and impact of social and temporal comparisons in a range of health contexts (e.g., health behaviors, risk perceptions), the overarching goal of the present review was to explicate the potential relevance and impact of a third type of comparison standard—dimensional comparisons—in health contexts (with an emphasis on health behaviors like exercise). First, we discuss how social and temporal comparisons shape self‐evaluations in both health and non‐health contexts. Second, we provide an overview of research conducted on dimensional comparisons in non‐health contexts and discuss how comparison sources shape self‐evaluations and self‐concept formation. Third, we explore the potential impact and relevance of dimensional comparisons on self‐evaluations in health behavior contexts. Fourth, and finally, we highlight potential future directions and considerations for advancing our knowledge of the relevance and influence of dimensional comparisons in health contexts.
Generation of Arabidopsis thaliana transformants showing the self‐recognition activity of Brassica rapa
Authors: Yamamoto Masaya , Kitashiba Hiroyasu , Nishio Takeshi 
Published: May 2022

SUMMARYSelf‐incompatibility in the Brassicaceae family is governed by SRK and SCR, which are two highly polymorphic genes located at the S‐locus. Previously, the Arabidopsis lyrata SRK and SCR genes were introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana to generate self‐incompatible lines. However, there are no reports showing that Brassica SRK and SCR genes confer self‐incompatibility in A. thaliana. Doing so would further advance the mechanistic understanding of self‐incompatibility in Brassicaceae. Therefore, we attempted to generate A. thaliana transformants showing the self‐recognition activity of Brassica rapa by introducing BrSCR along with a chimeric BrSRK (BrSRK chimera, in which the kinase domain of BrSRK was replaced with that of AlSKR‐b). We found that the BrSRK chimera and BrSCR of B. rapa S‐9 and S‐46 haplotypes, but not those of S‐29, S‐44, and S‐60 haplotypes, conferred self‐recognition activity in A. thaliana. Analyses of A. thaliana transformants expressing mutant variants of the BrSRK‐9 chimera and BrSCR‐9 revealed that mutations at the amino acid residues involved in BrSRK9–BrSCR9 interaction caused defects in the self‐incompatibility response. The method developed in this study for generating self‐incompatible A. thaliana transformants showing B. rapa self‐recognition activity will be useful for analysis of self‐recognition mechanisms in Brassicaceae.