bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to Update the Split‐Sample Approach in Hydrological Model Calibration
Authors: Shen Hongren , Tolson Bryan A. , Mai Juliane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractModel calibration and validation are critical in hydrological model robustness assessment. Unfortunately, the commonly used split‐sample test (SST) framework for data splitting requires modelers to make subjective decisions without clear guidelines. This large‐sample SST assessment study empirically assesses how different data splitting methods influence post‐validation model testing period performance, thereby identifying optimal data splitting methods under different conditions. This study investigates the performance of two lumped conceptual hydrological models calibrated and tested in 463 catchments across the United States using 50 different data splitting schemes. These schemes are established regarding the data availability, length and data recentness of continuous calibration sub‐periods (CSPs). A full‐period CSP is also included in the experiment, which skips model validation. The assessment approach is novel in multiple ways including how model building decisions are framed as a decision tree problem and viewing the model building process as a formal testing period classification problem, aiming to accurately predict model success/failure in the testing period. Results span different climate and catchment conditions across a 35‐year period with available data, making conclusions quite generalizable. Calibrating to older data and then validating models on newer data produces inferior model testing period performance in every single analysis conducted and should be avoided. Calibrating to the full available data and skipping model validation entirely is the most robust split‐sample decision. Experimental findings remain consistent no matter how model building factors (i.e., catchments, model types, data availability, and testing periods) are varied. Results strongly support revising the traditional split‐sample approach in hydrological modeling.
First Observations of Large Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Using Automated Amateur Radio Receiving Networks
Authors: Frissell Nathaniel A. , Kaeppler Stephen R. , Sanchez Diego F. , Perry Gareth W. , Engelke William D. , Erickson Philip J. , Coster Anthea J. , Ruohoniemi J. Michael , Baker Joseph B. H. , West Mary Lou 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe demonstrate a novel method for observing Large Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (LSTIDs) using high frequency (HF) amateur radio reporting networks, including the Reverse Beacon Network (RBN), Weak Signal Propagation Reporter Network (WSPRNet), and PSKReporter. LSTIDs are quasi‐periodic variations in ionospheric densities with horizontal wavelengths >1,000 km and periods between 30 and 180 min. On Nov 3, 2017, LSTID signatures were observed simultaneously over the continental United States in amateur radio, SuperDARN HF radar, and GNSS Total Electron Content with a period of ∼2.5 hr, propagation azimuth of ∼163°, horizontal wavelength of ∼1680 km, and phase speed of ∼1,200 km hr−1. SuperMAG SME index enhancements and Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar measurements suggest the LSTIDs were driven by auroral electrojet intensifications and Joule heating. This novel measurement technique has applications in future scientific studies and for assessing the impact of LSTIDs on HF communications.
Blood glutamine synthetase signaling in alcohol use disorder and racial disparity
Authors: Nahar Lailun , Kaufman Sarah E. , Davis Patrick G. , Saunders Stephanie L. , Disbrow Elizabeth A. , Patterson James C. , Nam Hyung W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs of 2018, 14.4 million adults ages 18 and older in the U.S had alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, only about 8% of adults who had AUD in the past year received treatment. Surveys have also shown racial disparities regarding AUD treatments. Thus, it is imperative to identify racial disparities in AUD patients, as it may indicate a specific underlying pathophysiology in an AUD subpopulation. To identify racial disparity in AUD, we enrolled 64 cohorts, including 26 AUD participants and 38 healthy controls, from Northwest Louisiana using community-based enrollment. Then, we used psychometric scales to assess alcohol drinking patterns and measured blood metabolites change using LC-MS/MS. Alcohol-related scales from the questionnaires did not differ between the Caucasian AUD participants and African-American AUD participants. From blood metabolomics analyses, we identified that 6 amino acids were significantly different by AUD status and or race. Interestingly, Caucasian AUD participants had a higher glutamate metabolism mediated by glutamine synthetase (GS). The correlation between blood glutamate/glutamine ratio and GS activity was only significant in the Caucasian AUD group whereas no changes were observed in African-American AUD group or controls. Taken together, our findings from this sample population demonstrate that blood GS is a potential biomarker associated with Caucasian AUD, which is an important step towards the application of a new pharmacological treatment for AUD.
Dicer promotes genome stability via the bromodomain transcriptional co-activator BRD4
Authors: Gutbrod M. J. , Roche B. , Steinberg J. I. , Lakhani A. A. , Chang K. , Schorn A. J. , Martienssen R. A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRNA interference is required for post-transcriptional silencing, but also has additional roles in transcriptional silencing of centromeres and genome stability. However, these roles have been controversial in mammals. Strikingly, we found that Dicer-deficient embryonic stem cells have strong proliferation and chromosome segregation defects as well as increased transcription of centromeric satellite repeats, which triggers the interferon response. We conducted a CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screen to restore viability and identified transcriptional activators, histone H3K9 methyltransferases, and chromosome segregation factors as suppressors, resembling Dicer suppressors identified in independent screens in fission yeast. The strongest suppressors were mutations in the transcriptional co-activatorBrd4, which reversed the strand-specific transcription of major satellite repeats suppressing the interferon response, and in the histone acetyltransferaseElp3. We show that identical mutations in the second bromodomain ofBrd4rescue Dicer-dependent silencing and chromosome segregation defects in both mammalian cells and fission yeast. This remarkable conservation demonstrates that RNA interference has an ancient role in transcriptional silencing and in particular of satellite repeats, which is essential for cell cycle progression and proper chromosome segregation. Our results have pharmacological implications for cancer and autoimmune diseases characterized by unregulated transcription of satellite repeats.
Brine residues and organics in the Urvara basin on Ceres
Authors: Nathues A. , Hoffmann M. , Schmedemann N. , Sarkar R. , Thangjam G. , Mengel K. , Hernandez J. , Hiesinger H. , Pasckert J. H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCeres is a partially differentiated dwarf planet, as confirmed by NASA’s Dawn mission. The Urvara basin (diameter ~170 km) is its third-largest impact feature, enabling insights into the cerean crust. Urvara’s geology and mineralogy suggest a potential brine layer at the crust-mantle transition. Here we report new findings that help in understanding the structure and composition of the cerean crust. These results were derived by using the highest-resolution Framing Camera images acquired by Dawn at Ceres. Unexpectedly, we found meter-scale concentrated exposures of bright material (salts) along the crater’s upper central ridge, which originate from an enormous depth, possibly from a deep-seated brine or salt reservoir. An extended resurfacing modified the southern floor ~100 Myr after crater formation (~250 Myr), long after the dissipation of the impact-generated heat. In this resurfaced area, one floor scarp shows a granular flow pattern of bright material, showing spectra consistent with the presence of organic material, the first such finding on Ceres beyond the vast Ernutet area. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that Ceres is and has been a geologically active world even in recent epochs, with salts and organic-rich material playing a major role in its evolution.
Melt stripping and agglutination of pyroclasts during the explosive eruption of low viscosity magmas
Authors: Jones Thomas J. , Russell James K. , Brown Richard J. , Hollendonner Lea 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVolcanism on Earth and on other planets and satellites is dominated by the eruption of low viscosity magmas. During explosive eruption, high melt temperatures and the inherent low viscosity of the fluidal pyroclasts allow for substantial post-fragmentation modification during transport obscuring the record of primary, magmatic fragmentation processes. Here, we show these syn-eruption modifications, in the form of melt stripping and agglutination, to be advantageous for providing fundamental insights into lava fountain and jet dynamics, including eruption velocities, grain size distributions and melt physical properties. We show how enigmatic, complex pyroclasts termed pelletal lapilli form by a two-stage process operating above the magmatic fragmentation surface. Melt stripping from pyroclast surfaces creates a spray of fine melt droplets whilst sustained transport in the fountain allows for agglutination and droplet scavenging, thereby coarsening the grain size distribution. We conclude with a set of universal regime diagrams, applicable for all fluidal fountain products, that link fundamental physical processes to eruption conditions and melt physical properties.
The enhanced beam sweeping algorithm for DOA estimation in the hybrid analog-digital structure with nested array
Authors: Ye Shujun , Liu Guanhao , Zhou Yan , Dang Bo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAs an emerging technology, the hybrid analog-digital structure has been considered for use in future millimeter-wave communications. Although this structure can reduce the hardware cost and power consumption considerably, the spatial covariance matrix (SCM), as the core of subspace-based direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, cannot be obtained directly. Previously, the beam sweeping algorithm (BSA) has been found effective for reconstructing the spatial covariance matrix and realizing DOA estimation by forming the beams to difference directions. However, it is computationally intractable owing to the high-dimensional matrix operation. To address this problem and improve the DOA estimation performance, this paper applies the nested array to the hybrid analog-digital structure and proposes the enhanced BSA (EBSA) for DOA estimation. By deleting a large number of redundant elements exist in the SCM to be reconstructed, the computational cost can be considerably reduced. Also, the nested array can offer high degrees of freedom. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to verify the performance of EBSA. The results indicate that the proposed EBSA is better than the state-of-the-art method in terms of estimation accuracy and computational cost.
Strain modulating electronic band gaps and SQ efficiencies of semiconductor 2D PdQ2 (Q = S, Se) monolayer
Authors: Raval Dhara , Gupta Sanjeev K. , Gajjar P. N. , Ahuja Rajeev 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe studied the physical, electronic transport and optical properties of a unique pentagonal PdQ2 (Q = S, Se) monolayers. The dynamic stability of 2Dwrinkle like-PdQ2 is proven by positive phonon frequencies in the phonon dispersion curve. The optimized structural parameters of wrinkled pentagonal PdQ2 are in good agreement with the available experimental results. The ultimate tensile strength (UTHS) was calculated and found that, penta-PdS2 monolayer can withstand up to 16% (18%) strain along x (y) direction with 3.44 GPa (3.43 GPa). While, penta-PdSe2 monolayer can withstand up to 17% (19%) strain along x (y) dirrection with 3.46 GPa (3.40 GPa). It is found that, the penta-PdQ2 monolayers has the semiconducting behavior with indirect band gap of 0.94 and 1.26 eV for 2D-PdS2 and 2D-PdSe2, respectively. More interestingly, at room temperacture, the hole mobilty (electron mobility) obtained for 2D-PdS2 and PdSe2 are 67.43 (258.06) cm2 V−1 s−1 and 1518.81 (442.49) cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. In addition, I-V characteristics of PdSe2 monolayer show strong negative differential conductance (NDC) region near the 3.57 V. The Shockly-Queisser (SQ) effeciency prameters of PdQ2 monolayers are also explored and the highest SQ efficeinciy obtained for PdS2 is 33.93% at −5% strain and for PdSe2 is 33.94% at −2% strain. The penta-PdQ2 exhibits high optical absorption intensity in the UV region, up to 4.04 × 105 (for PdS2) and 5.28 × 105 (for PdSe2), which is suitable for applications in optoelectronic devices. Thus, the ultrathin PdQ2 monolayers could be potential material for next-generation solar-cell applications and high performance nanodevices.
Maternal salinity influences anatomical parameters, pectin content, biochemical and genetic modifications of two Salicornia europaea populations under salt stress
Authors: Cárdenas-Pérez S. , Niedojadło K. , Mierek‐Adamska A. , Dąbrowska G. B. , Piernik A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSalicornia europaea is among the most salt-tolerant of plants, and is widely distributed in non-tropical regions. Here, we investigated whether maternal habitats can influence different responses in physiology and anatomy depending on environmental conditions. We studied the influence of maternal habitat on S. europaea cell anatomy, pectin content, biochemical and enzymatic modifications under six different salinity treatments of a natural-high-saline habitat (~ 1000 mM) (Ciechocinek [Cie]) and an anthropogenic-lower-saline habitat (~ 550 mM) (Inowrocław [Inw]). The Inw population showed the highest cell area and roundness of stem water storing cells at high salinity and had the maximum proline, carotenoid, protein, catalase activity within salt treatments, and a maximum high and low methyl esterified homogalacturonan content. The Cie population had the highest hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase activity along with the salinity gradient. Gene expression analysis of SeSOS1 and SeNHX1 evidenced the differences between the studied populations and suggested the important role of Na+ sequestration into the vacuoles. Our results suggest that the higher salt tolerance of Inw may be derived from a less stressed maternal salinity that provides a better adaptive plasticity of S. europaea. Thus, the influence of the maternal environment may provide physiological and anatomical modifications of local populations.
Bayesian-based decipherment of in-depth information in bacterial chemical sensing beyond pleasant/unpleasant responses
Authors: Tanaka Hiroto , Kazuta Yasuaki , Naruse Yasushi , Tominari Yukihiro , Umehara Hiroaki , Sowa Yoshiyuki , Sagawa Takashi , Oiwa Kazuhiro , Okada Masato , Kawagishi Ikuro , Kojima Hiroaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractChemical sensing is vital to the survival of all organisms. Bacterial chemotaxis is conducted by multiple receptors that sense chemicals to regulate a single signalling system controlling the transition between the direction (clockwise vs. counterclockwise) of flagellar rotation. Such an integrated system seems better suited to judge chemicals as either favourable or unfavourable, but not for identification purposes though differences in their affinities to the receptors may cause difference in response strength. Here, an experimental setup was developed to monitor behaviours of multiple cells stimulated simultaneously as well as a statistical framework based on Bayesian inferences. Although responses of individual cells varied substantially, ensemble averaging of the time courses seemed characteristic to attractant species, indicating we can extract information of input chemical species from responses of the bacterium. Furthermore, two similar, but distinct, beverages elicited attractant responses of cells with profiles distinguishable with the Bayesian procedure. These results provide a basis for novel bio-inspired sensors that could be used with other cell types to sense wider ranges of chemicals.
Functional buffering via cell-specific gene expression promotes tissue homeostasis and cancer robustness
Authors: Lin Hao-Kuen , Cheng Jen-Hao , Wu Chia-Chou , Hsieh Feng-Shu , Dunlap Carolyn , Chen Sheng-hong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFunctional buffering that ensures biological robustness is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis, organismal survival, and evolution of novelty. However, the mechanism underlying functional buffering, particularly in multicellular organisms, remains largely elusive. Here, we proposed that functional buffering can be mediated via expression of buffering genes in specific cells and tissues, by which we named Cell-specific Expression-BUffering (CEBU). We developed an inference index (C-score) for CEBU by computing C-scores across 684 human cell lines using genome-wide CRISPR screens and transcriptomic RNA-seq. We report that C-score-identified putative buffering gene pairs are enriched for members of the same duplicated gene family, pathway, and protein complex. Furthermore, CEBU is especially prevalent in tissues of low regenerative capacity (e.g., bone and neuronal tissues) and is weakest in highly regenerative blood cells, linking functional buffering to tissue regeneration. Clinically, the buffering capacity enabled by CEBU can help predict patient survival for multiple cancers. Our results suggest CEBU as a potential buffering mechanism contributing to tissue homeostasis and cancer robustness in humans.
An enhanced triple fluorescence flow-cytometry-based assay shows differential activation of the Notch signaling pathway by human papillomavirus E6 proteins
Authors: Lim JiaWen , Straub Elke , Stubenrauch Frank , Iftner Thomas , Schindler Michael , Simon Claudia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHuman papillomaviruses are DNA tumor viruses. A persistent infection with high-risk HPV types is the necessary risk factor for the development of anogenital carcinoma. The E6 protein is a viral oncoprotein that directly interacts with different cellular regulatory proteins mainly affecting the cell cycle, cellular differentiation and polarization of epithelial cells. In dependency of the phylogenetic classification of HPV different interaction partners of E6 have been described. The Notch pathway seems to be one common target of HPV, which can be up or down regulated by different E6 proteins. Our novel triple fluorescence flow-cytometry-based assay allows a semi-quantitative comparison of the E6 proteins´ effect on the Notch pathway using a Notch-responsive reporter plasmid. As a result, all E6 proteins of beta-HPV repressed the Notch reporter expression, of which HPV38 E6 showed the greatest repression potential. In contrast, alpha-HPV E6 of HPV16, activates the reporter expression most significantly, whereas E6 of HPV31 and low-risk HPV6b showed significant activation only in a p53-null cell line. Interestingly, HPV18 E6, with the second highest carcinogenic risk, shows no effect. This high divergence within different genus of HPV is important for targeting the Notch pathway regarding a potential HPV therapy.
Raised SPINK1 levels play a role in angiogenesis and the transendothelial migration of ALL cells
Authors: Luo Dong , Liu Dongqiang , Rao Chunbao , Shi Shanshan , Zeng Xiaomei , Liu Sha , Jiang Hua , Liu Lishi , Zhang Zhenhong , Lu Xiaomei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe present study was designed to assess whether raised Serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) expressions modulates angiogenesis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to SPINK1 were noted to exhibit raised expressions of interleukin-8 (IL-8) as well as VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 cell adhesion molecules in a dose-dependent manner. In co-culture system of HUVECs and Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, SPINK1 exposure also resulted in enhanced endothelial cell motility and ALL cells trans-endothelial migration. High concentrations of SPINK1 caused in vitro cellular reorganization into tubes in Matrigel-cultured HUVECs and induced in vivo vascularization and brain infiltration of NOD/SCID ALL model mice. The further transcriptomic analysis indicated that SPINK1 treatment altered several biological processes of endothelial cells and led to activation of the MAPK pathway. This study is the first to determine the neovascularization effects of raised SPINK1.
Patient-specific 3D-printed shelf implant for the treatment of hip dysplasia tested in an experimental animal pilot in canines
Authors: Willemsen Koen , Tryfonidou Marianna A. , Sakkers Ralph J. B. , Castelein René M. , Beukers Martijn , Seevinck Peter R. , Weinans Harrie , van der Wal Bart C. H. , Meij Björn P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe concept of a novel patient-specific 3D-printed shelf implant should be evaluated in a relevant large animal model with hip dysplasia. Therefore, three dogs with radiographic bilateral hip dysplasia and a positive subluxation test underwent unilateral acetabular augmentation with a 3D-printed dog-specific titanium implant. The contralateral side served as control. The implants were designed on CT-based pelvic bone segmentations and extended the dysplastic acetabular rim to increase the weight bearing surface without impairing the range of motion. Outcome was assessed by clinical observation, manual subluxation testing, radiography, CT, and gait analysis from 6 weeks preoperatively until termination at 26 weeks postoperatively. Thereafter, all hip joints underwent histopathological examination. The implantation and recovery from surgery was uneventful. Clinical subluxation tests at the intervention side became negative. Imaging showed medialization of the femoral head at the intervention side and the mean (range) CE-angle increased from 94° (84°–99°) preoperative to 119° (117°–120°) postoperative. Gait analysis parameters returned to pre-operative levels after an average follow-up of 6 weeks. Histology showed a thickened synovial capsule between the implant and the femoral head without any evidence of additional damage to the articular cartilage compared to the control side. The surgical implantation of the 3D shelf was safe and feasible. The patient-specific 3D-printed shelf implants restored the femoral head coverage and stability of dysplastic hips without complications. The presented approach holds promise to treat residual hip dysplasia justifying future veterinary clinical trials to establish clinical effectiveness in a larger cohort to prepare for translation to human clinic.
AI-assisted reliability assessment for gravure offset printing system
Authors: Gafurov Anton Nailevich , Phung Thanh Huy , Kim Inyoung , Lee Taik-Min 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn printed electronics, flawless printing quality is crucial for electronic device fabrication. While printing defects may reduce the performance or even cause a failure in the electronic device, there is a challenge in quality evaluation using conventional computer vision tools for printing defect recognition. This study proposed the computer vision approach based on artificial intelligence (AI) and deep convolutional neural networks. First, the data set with printed line images was collected and labeled. Second, the overall printing quality classification model was trained and evaluated using the Grad-CAM visualization technique. Third and last, the pretrained object detection model YOLOv3 was fine-tuned for local printing defect detection. Before fine-tuning, ground truth bounding boxes were analyzed, and anchor box sizes were chosen using the k-means clustering algorithm. The overall printing quality and local defect detection AI models were integrated with the roll-based gravure offset system. This AI approach is also expected to complement more accurate printing reliability analysis firmly.