bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol demand as a predictor of drinking behavior in the natural environment
Authors: Motschman Courtney A. , Amlung Michael , McCarthy Denis M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAlcohol demand, a measure of alcohol’s reinforcing value, is associated with greater alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related problems. Although alcohol demand has primarily been evaluated as a ‘trait‐like’, individual difference measure, recent evidence indicates that demand exhibits meaningful short‐term fluctuations. We aimed to determine whether moment‐to‐moment fluctuations in alcohol demand in individuals’ natural drinking environments predicted drinking occurrence, drinking continuation, and drinking quantity.DesignObservational study.SettingIndividuals’ natural drinking environments in Columbia, Missouri, USA.ParticipantsEighty‐nine young adults (56% female; mean age = 24.8) participated from November 2018 to October 2020. Participants reported 14.5 drinking days [standard deviation (SD = 8.1)] and 4.1 drinks per occasion (SD = 2.5) during ecological momentary assessment (EMA).MeasurementsParticipants completed the alcohol purchase task at baseline. Following this, participants reported on their alcohol demand (breakpoint, Omax, intensity) and drinking behavior during EMA at daily, timed prompts from 6 p.m. to 2 a.m. They provided breathalyzer samples using a BACtrack Mobile® Pro. Models tested concurrent and prospective (lagged) associations between alcohol demand and drinking occurrence and drinking continuation after drinking initiation. Additional models tested concurrent associations between demand and breath alcohol concentrations (BrACs).FindingsHigher alcohol demand was associated with higher odds of drinking and continued drinking for all demand indices at the momentary [odds ratio (OR) = 1.27–1.56, ps ≤ 0.03] and day‐level (OR = 2.14–3.39, ps < 0.001). Additionally, lagged demand predicted higher odds of drinking occurrence and continuation at the following prompt (OR = 1.32–1.53, ps ≤ 0.004). Higher alcohol demand was associated with higher BrACs at the momentary (bs = 0.0011–0.0026, ps ≤ 0.03) and day‐level (bs = 0.0053–0.0062, ps < 0.001). At the person‐level, findings varied depending on the demand measure.ConclusionsAlcohol demand appears to be associated with both when and how much individuals drink in their natural drinking environments. Elevations in alcohol demand appear to be associated with increased likelihood of drinking and continuing to drink, and greater total alcohol consumption, both within and across drinking days.
Anthropology‐as‐theology: Violent endings and the permanence of new beginnings
Authors: Webster Joseph 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article examines the temporality of dispensationalist imaginings of the apocalypse, with a particular focus on why such imaginings often have an acutely violent character. For the Brethren and for Jehovah's Witnesses, the most convincing signs of the imminent apocalypse are violent ones. By drawing on a mixture of biblical and extra‐biblical images—flames, hail, missiles—dispensationalism creates a semiotic landscape filled with natural, supernatural, and “man‐made” disaster. By analyzing different images of “violent endings” in circulation among the Brethren and Jehovah's Witnesses, this article asks two questions, namely, what are the temporal effects of such violent imaginings, and what imaginings exist on the other side of such violence, after its perpetration? I seek to answer these questions by developing a mode of inquiry I callanthropology‐as‐theology, whereby anthropological analysis deliberately surrenders to theological ideas. I suggest that, when viewed from the perspective of anthropology‐as‐theology, violent dispensationalist visions about the end of the world can provide new perspectives on permanence, which, seen through the lens of revelation, comes to be understood as both novel and eternal.
Hypophosphatemia causing ST elevation in a critically ill noncardiac surgery postoperative patient
Authors: Junarta Joey , Marhefka Gregary D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe patient is a 73‐year‐old female with peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus, who underwent mesenteric artery bypass surgery. She suffered from a pneumonia after surgery, causing acute hypoxic respiratory failure and septic shock. Due to shock, she developed acute renal failure. She was intubated, ventilated, and received continuous veno‐venous hemodialysis for renal failure. ST elevation was first observed on telemetry and subsequently confirmed on electrocardiogram. Marked ST elevation is present in the anterior leads with reciprocal ST depression in the inferior leads. A prolonged QT interval is also present. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A qualitative study of the incentives and barriers that influence preferences for rural placements during surgical training in Australia
Authors: Hippolyte‐Blake Dinah , Dreschler Alison , Rose Andrew , Rae Peter , Archer Julian , Garrod Tamsin J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundRural exposure of long durations during clinical training is positively associated with rural career uptake and is a central strategy to addressing the geographical maldistribution of Australia's surgical workforce. However, the incentives and barriers to trainees undergoing surgical training preferencing repeated rural placements in Australia are not well understood. This qualitative study explores the incentives and barriers that influence preference for rural placements during surgical training in Australia.MethodsThis qualitative study employed online semi‐structured in‐depth interviews. Participants were recruited using an online survey, and interviews were conducted between October 2020 and November 2020. Transcripts were transcribed and de‐identified, and thematically analysed.ResultsTwenty‐nine semi‐structured interviews were conducted with trainees and 12 Fellows. Twenty‐five participants identified as male, and four identified as female. Four main incentives identified were: (1) broad scope of learning opportunities, (2) quality of supervision, (3) positive work environment and (4) lifestyle. Seven barriers identified were: (1) inadequate preparation for placement, (2) limited case mix to support learning outcomes, (3) lack of formally structured learning opportunities, (4) workload and safe hours concerns, (5) lack of peer support, (6) childcare and educational needs and (7) partner career development.ConclusionThe strategy of encouraging trainees to undertake rural placements to address the maldistribution of the surgical workforce should include initiatives that support learning outcomes across their training levels. In addition, improving trainees' ability to prepare adequately for placements may also improve the number and duration of rural placements trainees undertake during their training.
Diet‐induced maternal obesity impacts feto‐placental growth and induces sex‐specific alterations in placental morphology, mitochondrial bioenergetics, dynamics, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in mice
Authors: Napso Tina , Lean Samantha C. , Lu Minhui , Mort Emily J. , Desforges Michelle , Moghimi Ali , Bartels Beverly , El‐Bacha Tatiana , Fowden Abigail L. , Camm Emily J. , Sferruzzi‐Perri Amanda N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe current study investigated the impact of maternal obesity on placental phenotype in relation to fetal growth and sex.MethodsFemale C57BL6/J mice were fed either a diet high in fat and sugar or a standard chow diet, for 6 weeks prior to, and during, pregnancy. At day 19 of gestation, placental morphology and mitochondrial respiration and dynamics were assessed using high‐resolution respirometry, stereology, and molecular analyses.ResultsDiet‐induced maternal obesity increased the rate of small for gestational age fetuses in both sexes, and increased blood glucose concentrations in offspring. Placental weight, surface area, and maternal blood spaces were decreased in both sexes, with reductions in placental trophoblast volume, oxygen diffusing capacity, and an increased barrier to transfer in males only. Despite these morphological changes, placental mitochondrial respiration was unaffected by maternal obesity, although the influence of fetal sex on placental respiratory capacity varied between dietary groups. Moreover, in males, but not females, maternal obesity increased mitochondrial complexes (II and ATP synthase) and fission protein DRP1 abundance. It also reduced phosphorylated AMPK and capacity for lipid synthesis, while increasing indices of oxidative stress, specifically in males. In females only, placental mitochondrial biogenesis and capacity for lipid synthesis, were both enhanced. The abundance of uncoupling protein‐2 was decreased by maternal obesity in both fetal sexes.ConclusionMaternal obesity exerts sex‐dependent changes in placental phenotype in association with alterations in fetal growth and substrate supply. These findings may inform the design of personalized lifestyle interventions or therapies for obese pregnant women.
Medium and long‐term efficacy of psychoeducational family intervention for bipolar I disorder: Results from a real‐world, multicentric study
Authors: Luciano Mario , Sampogna Gaia , Del Vecchio Valeria , Giallonardo Vincenzo , Di Cerbo Arcangelo , Palummo Carmela , Malangone Claudio , Lampis Debora , Veltro Franco , Bardicchia Francesco , Ciampini Giusy , Orlandi Emanuele , Moroni Annamaria , Biondi Silvia , Piselli Massimiliano , Menculini Giulia , Nicolò Giuseppe , Pompili Enrico , Carrà Giuseppe , Fiorillo Andrea 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to explore the long‐term efficacy of a psychoeducational family intervention (PFI) in bipolar I disorder at one and five years post‐intervention in terms of improvement of: (1) patients’ symptoms and global functioning and (2) relatives’ objective and subjective burden and coping strategies.MethodsThis is a multicentre, real‐world, controlled, outpatient trial. Recruited patients and key‐relatives were consecutively allocated to the experimental intervention or treatment as usual. Patients were assessed at baseline, and after one and five years.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐seventh number families have been recruited; 70 have been allocated to the experimental intervention, and 67 have been allocated to the control group. We observed an increasing positive effect of the PFI on patients’ clinical status, global functioning and objective and subjective burden after one year. We also found a reduction in the levels of relatives’ objective and subjective burden and a significant improvement in the levels of perceived professional support and of coping strategies. The efficacy of PFI on patients’ clinical status was maintained at five years from the end of the intervention, in terms of relapses, hospitalizations and suicide attempts.ConclusionsThe study showed that the provision of PFI in real‐world settings is associated with a significant improvement of patients’ and relatives’ mental health and psychosocial functioning in the long term. We found that the clinical efficacy of the intervention, in terms of reduction of patients’ relapses, hospitalization and suicide attempts, persists after 5 years. It is advisable that PFI is provided to patients with BD I in routine practice.
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and severe food selectivity in children and young people with autism: A scoping review
Authors: Bourne Laura , Mandy William , Bryant‐Waugh Rachel 
Published: February 2022

AimTo assess the extent of the scientific literature on avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in children and young people with autism in order to evaluate and synthesize the evidence on (a) the nature of feeding and eating difficulties in children and young people with autism; (b) the consequences of a severely restricted diet; and (c) what is known about effective treatment approaches.MethodPubMed and PsycInfo databases were searched, identifying 56 studies and a narrative synthesis was effected.ResultsThe literature suggested that ARFID‐like presentations are common in children and young people with autism, with severe consequences for physical and mental health. The three drivers mentioned in the DSM‐5 criteria, namely a sensory‐based avoidance, fear‐ or phobia‐based restriction, and a lack of interest in eating, are present in this population, although sensory sensitivities are currently the most commonly described. Research suggests that ARFID symptoms in children and young people with autism can be amenable to treatment, with evidence that behavioural interventions are feasible and potentially effective in this population.InterpretationARFID is a common and impactful problem among young people with autism but is currently under researched. Work is required to (a) identify the prevalence of ARFID in children and young people with autism; (b) uncover the key drivers of ARFID in this population; (c) adapt currently available interventions for use with children and young people with autism; and (d) rigorously test these interventions in clinical trials.What this paper adds

Significant food restriction is common in children and young people with autism.

Sensory sensitivities are frequently cited as a reason for food restriction.

The prevalence and causes of avoidant/restrictive food disorders in children and young people with autism need further research.
Personalized seizure signature: An interpretable approach to false alarm reduction for long‐term epileptic seizure detection
Authors: Sopic Dionisije , Teijeiro Tomas , Atienza David , Aminifar Amir , Ryvlin Philippe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveLong‐term automatic detection of focal seizures remains one of the major challenges in epilepsy due to the unacceptably high number of false alarms from state‐of‐the‐art methods. Our aim was to investigate to what extent a new patient‐specific approach based on similarly occurring morphological electroencephalographic (EEG) signal patterns could be used to distinguish seizures from nonseizure events, as well as to estimate its maximum performance.MethodsWe evaluated our approach on >5500 h of long‐term EEG recordings using two public datasets: the PhysioNet.org Children’s Hospital Boston–Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CHB‐MIT) Scalp EEG database and the EPILEPSIAE European epilepsy database. We visually identified a set of similarly occurring morphological patterns (seizure signature) seen simultaneously over two different EEG channels, and within two randomly selected seizures from each individual. The same seizure signature was then searched for in the entire recording from the same patient using dynamic time warping (DTW) as a similarity metric, with a threshold set to reflect the maximum sensitivity our algorithm could achieve without false alarm.ResultsAt a DTW threshold providing no false alarm during the entire recordings, the mean seizure detection sensitivity across patients was 84%, including 96% for the CHB‐MIT database and 74% for the European epilepsy database. A 100% sensitivity was reached in 50% of patients, including 79% from the CHB‐MIT database and 27% from the European epilepsy database. The median latency from seizure onset to its detection was 17 ± 10 s, with 84% of seizures being detected within 40 s.SignificancePersonalized EEG signature combined with DTW appears to be a promising method to detect ictal events from a limited number of EEG channels with high sensitivity despite low rate of false alarms, high degree of interpretability, and low computational complexity, compatible with its future use in wearable devices.
Precentral gyrus and insula responses to stress vary with duration to diagnosis in functional seizures
Authors: Goodman Adam M. , Allendorfer Jane B. , LaFrance W. Curt , Szaflarski Jerzy P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to determine whether undiagnosed illness duration (time between functional seizures [FS] onset and diagnosis) is linked to differences in neural response and functional connectivity during processing of stressful experiences.MethodsForty‐nine participants with traumatic brain injury preceding the onset of FS confirmed by video‐electroencephalography were recruited prospectively. Participants completed psychiatric symptom assessments before undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with an acute psychosocial stress task. Linear mixed effects (LME) analyses identified significant interactions between the factors of group (early vs. delayed diagnosis) and time lag to diagnosis on neural responses to stressful math performance and auditory feedback (corrected α = .05). Functional connectivity analysis utilized clusters from initial LME analyses as seed regions to determine significant interactions between these factors on network functional connectivity.ResultsDemographic and psychiatric symptom measures were similar between early (n = 25) and delayed (n = 24) groups. Responses to stressful math performance within the left anterior insula and functional connectivity between the anterior insula seed region and a precentral gyrus cluster were significantly negatively correlated with time lag to diagnosis for the early but not the delayed FS diagnosis group. There was no correlation between fMRI findings and psychiatric symptoms.SignificanceThis study indicates that aberrant left anterior insula activation and its functional connectivity to the precentral gyrus underlie differences in processing of stressful experiences in patients with delayed FS diagnosis. Follow‐up comparisons suggest changes are associated with undiagnosed illness duration rather than psychiatric comorbidities and indicate a potential mechanistic association between neuropathophysiology, response to stressful experiences, and functional neuroanatomy in FS.
Influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade therapy needs more attention
Authors: Shi Yanyan , Zheng Huiling , Wang Mopei , Ding Shigang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe tumor microenvironment and tumor immunity are crucially involved in tumor therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD‐1/PD‐L1 signal transduction have been widely used in tumor therapy and have shown ideal clinical efficacy. However, some kinds of cancers still do not respond to PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade therapy effectively, including gastric cancer. The related factors should be explored.Methods and resultsThis review summarizes the recent progression of understanding the influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade therapy. Current pieces of evidence have indicated that H. pylori infection might affect the curative effect of tumor therapy associating with the induced immunomodulation.ConclusionIt is necessary to understand the overall integration of PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade therapy, the tumor microenvironment, and H. pylori infection. Much attention on the influence of H. pylori infection on the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy should be paid.
Significance of furosemide in patients with cirrhosis treated with or without zinc acetate hydrate supplementation
Authors: Uchida Yoshihito , Uemura Hayato , Tsuji Shohei , Yamada Shunsuke , Kouyama Jun‐ichi , Naiki Kayoko , Sugawara Kayoko , Nakao Masamitsu , Nakayama Nobuaki , Imai Yukinori , Tomiya Tomoaki , Mochida Satoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Japanese guidelines for the treatment of cirrhosis suggest zinc supplementation to prevent hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and zinc deficiency, although the factors that are associated with therapeutic efficacy remain unknown.MethodA total of 159 patients with chronic liver diseases but without previous zinc supplementation were analyzed. Factors associated with serum zinc levels as well as the therapeutic efficacy of zinc supplementation were evaluated.ResultSerum zinc levels decreased with the progression of liver diseases. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the serum levels of albumin and cholinesterase and the daily furosemide dose were independently associated with the serum zinc levels. The optimal furosemide cut‐off dosage for patients with zinc deficiency (<60 μg/dl) was 5 mg/day. Among 34 patients receiving zinc acetate hydrate, overt hepatic encephalopathy occurred in 12 patients (35.4%). A multivariate analysis identified a minimal serum zinc level of 50 μg/dl after more than 12 weeks of zinc supplementation as a factor associated with overt encephalopathy development, while furosemide use was not associated. The Child‐Pugh score at baseline was the only factor associated with the maintenance of sufficient serum zinc levels.ConclusionAlthough the furosemide dose was negatively correlated with the serum zinc level in patients with chronic liver diseases, furosemide use was not associated with the occurrence of overt encephalopathy in those receiving zinc supplementation. Serum zinc levels of ≥50 μg/dl were required to prevent overt encephalopathy development during zinc supplementation in both patients with and those without furosemide administration.
Allelic and haplotypic data of MHC class II Alu insertions in Ngazidja (Comoros archipelago) and insight on its historical biology
Authors: Abeid Said Nassor , Farhane Hamid , Motrane Majida , Anaibar Fatima‐Ezzahra , Harich Nourdin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to analyse, for the first time, five MHC class II polymorphic Alu insertions in a population with a strong Sub‐Saharan African genetic background: the Ngazidja islanders and compare its allelic and haplotypic data with Worldwide populations. The genotyping was performed in 80 individuals, using simple PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis methods. Allele and haplotype frequencies, genetic diversity, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium deviations, normalized deviate of homozygotes and pairwise linkage disequilibrium were estimated. The phylogenetic analyses included the available population data.In Ngazidja, the MHC class II Alu insertion frequencies ranged from 0.119 for AluORF10 to 0.588 for AluDPB2. Concerning haplotypes, the most predominant were the ones with only the AluDPB2 insertion allele (AluDPB2*2‐AluDQA2*1‐AluDQA1*1‐AluDRB1*1‐AluORF10*1), followed by the theoretical ancestral haplotype with no Alu insertions (AluDPB2*1‐AluDQA2*1‐AluDQA1*1‐AluDRB1*1‐AluORF10*1) and finally the haplotype with the AluDPB2 and AluDQA1 Alu insertions (AluDPB2*2‐AluDQA2*1‐AluDQA1*2‐AluDRB1*1‐AluORF10*1) with frequencies of 19.2%, 15% and 12.9%, respectively. In the phylogenetic analyses, our results indicate that the Ngazidja people are genetically differentiated from the other populations of the analysis; we found also a new haplotype that can be probably characteristic of Sub‐Saharans and finally confirm the usefulness of these markers as genetic and evolutionary tools for studying genetic variations among populations of different origins.