bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Setting the Stage for Success
Authors: Randles Clint 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter covers preparation for acting as a live performance engineer in the context of the very different kind of classroom discussed in the rest of the book. It contains inspirations for the things that are necessary in order to prepare for and be successful in performances in the community and beyond. It covers the qualities and roles of a teacher in this environment, acoustic considerations, and technical concerns before and during the concert, including mixing and lighting.
Making Technology Work for You
Authors: Randles Clint 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter is about understanding the technologies that are specific to the classroom that functions as a recording studio. The world of the music teacher as music producer is filled with technology, and recording is a hero’s journey into new and interesting worlds. Exploration occurs as a natural extension of knowledge about and understanding of technology. Among the technologies described in depth in this chapter are microphones, digital audio workstations, and studio effects.
International Assistance for Cooperation and Exclusion in Timor-Leste
Authors: Swenson Geoffrey 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Since its referendum on independence in 1999, Timor-Leste has received extensive international support. This chapter looks at two distinct strands of judicial state-building assistance. First, it examines conventional donor assistance funded by the United Nations, the United States, and Australia. While imperfect, this aid helped promote the rule of law and foster a transition from competitive to cooperative legal pluralism. It then examines foreign aid from Portugal, which sought to build and consolidate a Lusophone legal order. Portuguese bilateral assistance enjoyed exceptionally strong support from high-level state officials but produced mixed results overall. To its credit, Portuguese assistance helped construct a modern justice system in Timor-Leste. This aid, however, emphasized the institutionalization of the Portuguese language within the nascent judicial order, leaving it structurally inaccessible to most ordinary people. Portuguese assistance also failed to engage meaningfully with the non-state justice sector.
International Subsidization of a Rentier State in Afghanistan
Authors: Swenson Geoffrey 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter analyzes major international rule-of-law promotion efforts in Afghanistan from 2002 to 2014. It illustrates why meaningful progress proved elusive despite billions in aid, the state’s donor dependence, and, after 2009, an increased willingness to engage non-state judicial actors. The first section demonstrates that assistance from the international community, particularly Italy, the United Nations, and the United States, followed a subsidization strategy that largely ignored the non-state justice sector. The second section looks at Afghanistan from 2009 to 2014, when multiple strategies to support the rule of law were tried, including direct engagement with non-state justice. The Obama administration increasingly used rule-of-law assistance to support counterinsurgency goals. Yet, despite these changes, aid remained largely ad hoc and ineffective. It also continued to be predicated on wildly optimistic assumptions and incorrect views of the Taliban justice system and, at worst, helped enable predatory state practices.
Blues, Braille, and the Metanarrative of Blindness
Authors: Fraser Benjamin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 uses disability studies methods to explore Tete Montoliu’s jazz biography and navigation of sighted culture as a person who experienced congenital visual impairment. It draws from the work of Neil Lerner, Joseph Straus, Rod Michalko, Roberto Garvía, and particularly David Bolt to establish the significance of ocularnormativism and the metanarratives of blindness. It discusses Tete’s musical education and explores his musical production with reference to Terry Rowden’s book The Souls of Blind Folk, about blues musicians. The chapter makes the argument that jazz album covers are a visual practice carried out in a sighted culture, constructed around an aural event and mediated by a tactile experience, and it closes with close readings of Montoliu’s album covers.
Saints, Heretics, and Atheists
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This book offers a historical introduction to fundamental questions in the philosophy of religion. It is divided into twenty-five chapters. The first chapter discusses the nature of piety drawing on Plato’s Euthyphro. The next three chapters discuss the nature of evil, free will, foreknowledge, and sin in the context of Augustine’s On Free Choice of Will. Chapter 5 discusses Anslem’s “ontological” argument for the existence of God. Chapter 6 explores Ibn Sina’s account of the nature of the soul and immortality. The next two chapters explore the foundations of religious belief and mysticism in the company of al-Ghazali’s The Rescuer from Error. Chapters 9 through 11 discuss Aquinas’s arguments for the existence of God as well as his account of God’s impersonal and personal attributes. The twelfth chapter explores Marguerite Porete’s account of mystical ascent as well as the doctrines of heaven and hell. Chapter 13 discusses Pascal’s pragmatic argument for belief in the existence of God. Chapters 14 through 16 address Spinoza’s understanding of God, our relationship to God, and the foundations of morality. Chapters 17 through 19 explore the argument from design, the existence of God, deism, and the problem of evil. In chapter 20 Mary Shepherd’s defense of belief in miracles is investigated, while chapter 21 explores Mill’s views on the utility of religion. Finally, chapters 23 through 25 explore the origins of modern morality and the relationship between religion and nihilism in the company of Nietzsche’s On the Genealogy of Morality.
Ibn Sina’s The Book of Salvation
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses Ibn Sina’s (Avicenna’s) account of the nature of the soul as it treated in his The Book of Salvation. The first section introduces Ibn Sina’s life and works. The second section explicates Ibn Sina’s Aristotelian account of the function of the intellect. The third section sets out two arguments made by Ibn Sina for the conclusion that the (theoretical) intellect is immaterial. The fourth section looks at Ibn Sina’s argument for the immortality of the soul. Finally, the fifth section discusses three views on the nature of personal identity: that personal immortality is tied to the persistence of an immaterial soul, that it is dependent upon the persistence of a soul-body union, that it is constituted by psychological continuity.
Porete’s The Mirror of Simple Souls
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter uses Marguerite Porete’s The Mirror of Simple Souls as a springboard for a discussion of the nature of spiritual ascent and the doctrines of heaven and hell. The first section introduces Porete’s The Mirror of Simple Souls and places it in its historical context. The second section explicates the seven stages of spiritual progress described by Porete. The third section explores the philosophical implications of the doctrine of heaven focusing in particular on the question of whether or not the doctrine of heaven is fair. The fourth section does the same for the doctrine of hell but considers also raises the question: what might be the point of hell? Two broad responses to that question are explicated.
Shepherd’s The Credibility of Miracles
Authors: McDonough Jeffrey K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter looks at Mary Shepherd’s critique of Hume’s argument against believing in miracles. The first section briefly introduces Mary Shepherd’s life and works, including her Essays on the Perception of an External Universe. The second section explicates Hume’s argument against believing in miracles. Hume argues that since a miracle must involve a violation of the laws of nature, we will never have sufficient evidence to believe a report of a miracle. The third section explores Shepherd’s charge that Hume has mischaracterized the nature of miracles. For Shepherd a miracle is simply something wonderous. The fourth section explores Shepherd’s charge that Hume is wrong to suppose that we could not have sufficient evidence for believing in miracles.
Prediction
Authors: Price Trevor 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Predictions about the future are essential to making informed decisions today, but predictions are difficult, and some have been spectacularly wrong in the past. Outcomes are uncertain because of the many factors involved, some of which are impossible to measure accurately and others of which cannot be measured at all, and because changes in several factors together lead to qualitatively different outcomes than each would produce individually. These issues are illustrated with reference to the spread of a disease, which is attributed to the confluence of three different factors, and also in relation to climate change. We can place a probability on an outcome, provided clearly stated assumptions are met. We discuss reasons why predicted outcomes have not been fulfilled, and we show that even with low probabilities that a certain event will happen, it is often worthwhile to lower that probability further.
Borderland
Authors: Giotis Chrisanthi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This book tackles the sociohistorical, political, and practical aspects of one of journalism’s hardest and most necessary tasks: communicating the reality of today’s borderlands. In an era marked by an unprecedented refugee crisis and ongoing, seemingly unending, borderland conflicts, foreign correspondents could play a pivotal role in helping create a global public sphere that incorporates the perspectives of those who are most effected by ongoing resource-fueled wars—and least powerful. However, aspects of the historical development of foreign correspondence, as well as contemporary practices, do not allow the profession to reach this potential. Borderland takes insights from postcolonial studies, international relations, development studies, and philosophy and uses the site of the world’s largest UN peacekeeping presence, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, as its case study. It examines the specific narrative styles, and news-gathering habits in these complex spaces and discovers neocolonial practices stymying ethical praxis. Brought to life through the autoethnographic descriptions and analysis of ‘behind the scenes’ events, Borderland seeks to introduce new, decolonized reporting techniques. And it argues for reporting that explores how local realities are impacted by global discourses. In a digital world where people access news direct from conflict zones, the role and value of foreign correspondents must be questioned. Borderland answers that question by proposing decolonized foundations from which foreign correspondents can be the storytellers needed in today’s global polity.
Introduction
Authors: Giotis Chrisanthi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This introduction argues that foreign correspondents have an important role to play in explaining the social and political geographies being created in the borderlands of new wars. However, the profession will need to confront its own decolonization to meet this task. It introduces the methodology and structure of the book as well as three foundational arguments: the borderland concept is defined; the issue of structure and agency is discussed; and the concept of a cosmopolitan global public sphere is developed. In this reading cosmopolitanism is not only the domain of the elite but rather the condition of all humanity in our globalized world. Moreover, it is particularly experienced by those whom the unequal currents of globalization impact most forcefully. The introduction argues that an understanding of borderlands is crucial to developing a true global polity.
The Space-Time behind the Storylines
Authors: Giotis Chrisanthi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Journalism is by nature an interdisciplinary and social practice. This chapter explores analytical frameworks that can help unpack the effects of the social world we occupy on the words we write. Social geographer David Harvey’s concept of a matrix of spatialities is combined with my autoethnographic data in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo, to present novel arguments about the politics of reporting space. Field notes are complimented by literature from international and development studies regarding the existence and impact of Aidlands (Mosse 2011a) and Peacelands (Autesserre 2014). Bourdieu’s theory of doxa is then incorporated to consider how foreign correspondence takes place within the structures of a dominant globalizing class and how this impacts our frameworks of understanding. In knowing these structures better, journalists can consider how they impact reportage and what strategies can be put in place to decolonize reportage within these overarching neocolonial structures.
When We Forget
Authors: Talbott Strobe 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Most countries have an origin story built on a blurred mix of myth, memory, and dreams. The American case differs in that it is an open book based on records from the American Revolution and early years of the republic. The individuals and events included in these records are grounded in Enlightenment ideas, and this gives civic virtue a starring role in the story. George Washington, for example, serves as an index of larger and more abstract virtues, a vision that has underpinned America’s national memory for the past two centuries. In an extraordinary break with tradition, Donald Trump went out of his way to sully the moral framework of this vision, including its commitment to the peaceful transfer of power. The norms that grew out of the Enlightenment ideals of the Revolution proved sufficiently robust to survive this episode of populist demagoguery, but it provided a warning about the importance of national memory that calls for constant attention in the future.
City on a Hill
Authors: Van Engen Abram 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
What is at stake in the creation, retelling, and remembering of a national origin story? And how has the United States in particular crafted origin stories to serve its needs? This chapter answers such questions by focusing on the myth of the Pilgrims. Beginning with Daniel Webster’s 1820 speech on the bicentennial of Pilgrim Landing, stretching through the 19th century with the spread of the Pilgrim origins story through schoolbooks, and ending in the Cold War with Perry Miller and Ronald Reagan both centering the United States on a Puritan sermon declaring America the “City on a Hill,” this chapter tells the story of how and why the Pilgrims and Puritans have so often served as an origin story for America. By tracing the way this story has developed, the chapter offers insights into the processes of national memory through the telling of a particular tale.
Europe in 1989, America in 2020, and the Death of the Lost Cause
Authors: Blight David W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Just as the fall of the Berlin Wall seemed to mark the end of Soviet communism in Europe, the removal of Confederate statues might seem to signal the end a toxic legacy of memory in America. The Lost Cause narrative, however, remains a deeply ingrained part of collective memory in the United States and breeds twisted versions of history. The epic loss experienced by the Confederacy in the Civil War may have spawned great literature, but when allowed to freely commemorate itself in stone and in sentimentalism across the cultural landscape, it can poison today’s civil society and encourage oppression. It was learned from the fall of the Berlin Wall that the move from communism to democracy is not easy. In America, the statues are being toppled, but the story that built them remains, leaving the task of uprooting the Lost Cause narrative a task that still needs to be finished.
Psychological Aspects of National Memory
Authors: Yamashiro Jeremy K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses two related lines of empirical research on Americans’ mental representations of their nation’s past and future. First, it discusses how retrieval biases for negative and positive events in collective memory and collective future thought reveal an implicit trajectory of decline in Americans’ representation of their nation across time. Second, Americans across the left–right political spectrum show systematically different moral intuitions about what sorts of events ought normatively to be remembered. However, the two dimensions on which partisans showed the most divergence—social justice values and binding values—can intersect, and events moralized on both dimensions are overrepresented in collective memory. The chapter discusses the relevance of these psychological factors for controversies surrounding public symbols of memory, such as Confederate statues and the 1619 Project.
United States’s and Germany’s Collective Memories of Pride and Shame for American and German History
Authors: Umanath Sharda , Abel Magdalena 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Prior work suggests collective memories of one’s nation’s past are skewed such that national identities are shaped mostly by pride. This chapter discusses collective memories of participants’ own nation versus another nation. Americans generated events they are proud and ashamed of from U.S. history and such events they thought Germans would generate from their respective history. Germans did the same. Interestingly, within and across countries, participants agreed more on events that nations should be ashamed rather than proud of. When asked for events that shape national identity, participants categorized a few of the most nominated events as primarily proud, whereas the rest were mixed in tone or primarily considered with shame or neutrality. Thus, it seems that like individual identities, national identities are composed of more than proud memories. In addition, events nominated from “self” and “other” perspectives often overlapped, suggesting that collective memories can be perceived vicariously from the outside.
Using a Golden Age
Authors: Batiashvili Nutsa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the memory symbolism used by radically opposed “counterpublics” in Georgia. It approaches national memory as an affectively charged symbolic idiom of political expression whereby the same symbols can be used to articulate two very different conceptions of nation and peoplehood. Both appeal to a common memory of Georgia’s Golden Age, with the protean nature of memory symbols making it possible for the same narratives and historical figures to serve as a base. The resulting contradictory national stances yield a “bivocal” memory project, which, however, is limited in how far the meaning of any symbol can be stretched. Also examined are implications of the use of memory in the political domain for the definitions of “the people” and thus for the enactments of national sovereignty.
Toward a Dynamical—in the Field—Approach to Collective Memory
Authors: Coman Alin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The study of collective memories—as shared individual memories that bear on people’s identities—has experienced a resurgence during the past decade. This interest has proliferated because scholars from diverse disciplines have increasingly recognized that communities base their collective identities and collective actions, to an important extent, on these shared memories. Memory, identity, and action are closely intertwined. Given that this interdependence occurs at both an individual and a group level, social scientists have advocated for a programmatic effort to understand why a memory—be it individual or collective—takes the form that it does. This chapter describes the fundamental characteristics of collective memory, illustrating its relation to nationalism and pointing to generative research trajectories that are aimed at understanding the formation of collective memories in real-world contexts.
Everyday Opportunities for Advocacy
Authors: Rees Keely S. , Thompson Amy J. , Whitney Emily 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Every day, there are advocacy efforts underway and leaders engaged in advocacy locally and nationally. Advocacy works in tandem with policy development and implementation. This chapter allows the reader to fully understand the ways informal advocacy is needed and the various settings where public health educators are involved. While informal advocacy is often the first step where a new professional practices their skills, they are then equipped to fully engage in advocacy endeavors at a more formal level. Everyday advocates are empowering others to speak to injustices in healthcare, shed light on health equity, or provide valid and reliable resources to individuals or organizations.
The Role of Policy in Studying the Commercial Determinants of Health
Authors: Hawkins Benjamin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In health research, evidence is often assumed to inform policy when, in reality, policies are subject to a variety of competing forces and influences, particularly from the private sector. These may present alternative policy options, make ideological or economic arguments against existing policies, seek to undermine the legitimacy of certain policy actors, or otherwise mobilize opposition to certain policies. Such efforts may also contribute to broader movements toward deregulation in ways that adapt and change as commercial priorities and broader regulatory environments and norms shift. Positive effects of public–private partnerships may be overshadowed by these cumulative effects and their implications for social goods. This chapter describes the role of the commercial determinants of health in influencing regulation and policy.
Learning from 70 Years of Tobacco Control
Authors: Gilmore Anna B. , Dance Sarah 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The tobacco industry is perhaps the sector for which the conflicts of interest with population health are most widely understood; the industry on which the most research has been conducted; and from which the most internal documentation has been made available. Based on this, key lessons on commercial pressures, priorities, strategies, and tactics have emerged. Yet after decades of research, advocacy, and policy changes, including the groundbreaking Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the tobacco industry remains extremely profitable and active globally, and cigarettes remain a leading cause of preventable death. This chapter describes the nature and activities of the tobacco industry, its evolution in response to attempts to regulate and denormalize it. Above all, it draw attentions to the lessons that must be learned from tobacco if we are to effectively address other commercial drivers of ill health in a reasonable timeframe. These include the need to address industry’s long-term and upstream influence strategies, not just its short-term, downstream influence; to establish the right structures that enable the public health community to counter global industries; and rather than repeatedly identifying the problems, to seek out more radical, sustainable solutions.