bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced calcium levels and accumulation of abnormal insulin granules in stem cell models of HNF1A deficiency
Authors: González Bryan J. , Zhao Haoquan , Niu Jacqueline , Williams Damian J. , Lee Jaeyop , Goulbourne Chris N. , Xing Yuan , Wang Yong , Oberholzer Jose , Blumenkrantz Maria H. , Chen Xiaojuan , LeDuc Charles A. , Chung Wendy K. , Colecraft Henry M. , Gromada Jesper , Shen Yufeng , Goland Robin S. , Leibel Rudolph L. , Egli Dieter 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMutations in HNF1A cause Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (HNF1A-MODY). To understand mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction, we generated stem cell-derived pancreatic endocrine cells with hypomorphic mutations in HNF1A. HNF1A-deficient β-cells display impaired basal and glucose stimulated-insulin secretion, reduced intracellular calcium levels in association with a reduction in CACNA1A expression, and accumulation of abnormal insulin granules in association with SYT13 down-regulation. Knockout of CACNA1A and SYT13 reproduce the relevant phenotypes. In HNF1A deficient β-cells, glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea drug used in the treatment of HNF1A-MODY patients, increases intracellular calcium, and restores insulin secretion. While insulin secretion defects are constitutive in β-cells null for HNF1A, β-cells heterozygous for hypomorphic HNF1A (R200Q) mutations lose the ability to secrete insulin gradually; this phenotype is prevented by correction of the mutation. Our studies illuminate the molecular basis for the efficacy of treatment of HNF1A-MODY with sulfonylureas, and suggest promise for the use of cell therapies.
Bone marrow imaging reveals the migration dynamics of neonatal hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Takihara Yuji , Higaki Takumi , Yokomizo Tomomasa , Umemoto Terumasa , Ariyoshi Kazunori , Hashimoto Michihiro , Sezaki Maiko , Takizawa Hitoshi , Inoue Toshihiro , Suda Toshio , Mizuno Hidenobu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are produced from the blood vessel walls and circulate in the blood during the perinatal period. However, the migration dynamics of how HSCs enter the bone marrow remain elusive. To observe the dynamics of HSCs over time, the present study develops an intravital imaging method to visualize bone marrow in neonatal long bones formed by endochondral ossification which is essential for HSCnicheformation. Endogenous HSCs are labeled with tdTomato under the control of an HSC marker geneHlf, and a customized imaging system with a bone penetrating laser is developed for intravital imaging of tdTomato-labeled neonatal HSCs in undrilled tibia, which is essential to avoid bleeding from fragile neonatal tibia by bone drilling. The migration speed of neonatal HSCs is higher than that of adult HSCs. Neonatal HSCs migrate from outside to inside the tibia via the blood vessels that penetrate the bone, which is a transient structure during the neonatal period, and settle on the blood vessel wall in the bone marrow. The results obtained from direct observations in vivo reveal the motile dynamics and colonization process of neonatal HSCs during bone marrow formation.
Pathway elucidation of bioactive rhamnosylated ginsenosides in Panax ginseng and their de novo high-level production by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Li Chaojing , Yan Xing , Xu Zhenzhen , Wang Yan , Shen Xiao , Zhang Lei , Zhou Zhihua , Wang Pingping 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRg2 and Re are both rhamnose-containing ginsenosides isolated exclusively from Panax plants, which exhibit broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. However, limitations of current plant-relied manufacturing methods have largely hampered their medical applications. Here, we report elucidation of the complete biosynthetic pathway of these two ginsenosides by the identification of a rhamnosyltransferase PgURT94 from Panax ginseng. We then achieve de novo bio-production of Rg2 and Re from glucose by reconstituting their biosynthetic pathways in yeast. Through stepwise strain engineering and fed-batch fermentation, the maximum yield of Rg2 and Re reach 1.3 and 3.6 g/L, respectively. Our work completes the identification of the last missing enzyme for Rg2 and Re biosynthesis and achieves their high-level production by engineered yeasts. Once scaled, this microbial biosynthesis platform will enable a robust and stable supply of Rg2 and Re and facilitate their food and medical applications.
Human mobility and infection from Covid-19 in the Osaka metropolitan area
Authors: Kato Haruka , Takizawa Atsushi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractControlling human mobility is thought to be an effective measure to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to clarify the human mobility types that impacted the number of COVID-19 cases during the medium-term COVID-19 pandemic in the Osaka metropolitan area. The method used in this study was analysis of the statistical relationship between human mobility changes and the total number of COVID-19 cases after two weeks. In conclusion, the results indicate that it is essential to control the human mobility of groceries/pharmacies to between −5 and 5% and that of parks to more than −20%. The most significant finding for urban sustainability is that urban transit was not found to be a source of infection. Hence governments in cities around the world may be able to encourage communities to return to transit mobility, if they are able to follow the kind of hygiene processes conducted in Osaka.
Carbon accumulation rates are highest at young and expanding salt marsh edges
Authors: Miller Carson B. , Rodriguez Antonio B. , Bost Molly C. , McKee Brent A. , McTigue Nathan D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn objective of salt marsh conservation, restoration, and creation is to reduce global carbon dioxide levels and offset emissions. This strategy hinges on measurements of salt marsh carbon accumulation rates, which vary widely creating uncertainty in monetizing carbon credits. Here, we show the 14–323 g C m−2 yr−1 range of carbon accumulation rates, derived from cores collected at seven sites in North Carolina U.S.A., results from the landward or basinward trajectory of salt marsh colonization and the intertidal space available for accretion. Rates increase with accelerating sea-level rise and are highest at young and expanding marsh edges. The highest carbon densities are near the upland, highlighting the importance of this area for building a rich stock of carbon that would be prevented by upland development. Explaining variability in carbon accumulation rates clarifies appraisal of salt marsh restoration projects and landscape conversion, in terms of mitigating green-house gas emissions.
Influence and prediction value of Arctic sea ice for spring Eurasian extreme heat events
Authors: Sun Jianqi , Liu Sichang , Cohen Judah , Yu Shui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn spring, Eurasia has experienced significant warming, accompanied by frequent extreme heat events. Whether the Arctic sea ice has contributed to the variation of spring Eurasian extreme heat events is still unclear. Here, through conducting statistical analyses of observed and reanalysis data, we demonstrate that the winter sea ice anomalies over the Barents-Kara Seas dominate the leading mode of interannual variation of spring extreme heat events over mid-to-high latitude Eurasia in the recent two decades. With faster decline rate and larger variability, the winter sea ice anomalies over the Barents-Kara Seas significantly enhance the troposphere-stratosphere interactions and further exert influence on the spring atmospheric circulations that favor the formation of Eurasian extreme heat events. Cross-validated hindcasts of the dipole mode index of spring extreme heat events using winter sea ice anomalies over the Barents-Kara Seas yield a correlation skill of 0.71 over 2001–2018, suggesting that nearly 50% of its variance could be predicted one season in advance.
SMDAF: A novel keypoint based method for copy‐move forgery detection
Authors: Yue Guangyu , Duan Qing , Liu Renyang , Peng Wenyu , Liao Yun , Liu Junhui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCopy–move forgery poses a significant threat to social life and has aroused much attention in recent years. Although many copy‐move forgery detection (CMFD) methods have been proposed, the most existing CMFD methods are short of adaptability in detecting images, which leads to the limitation on detection effects. To solve this problem, the paper proposes a novel keypoint‐based CMFD method: second‐keypoint matching and double adaptive filtering (SMDAF). Motivated by image matching based on keypoint, the second‐keypoint matching method is designed to match keypoints extracted from copy–move forgery images, which can be used for both the single‐CMFD and the multiple‐CMFD. Then, a double adaptive filter (DAF) based on the AdaLAM algorithm and the KANN‐DBSCAN clustering algorithm to filter wrong keypoint matches adaptively are proposed, according to the distinct distribution of keypoints in each image. Finally, the forgery regions are presented by finding their convex hulls and padding them. Compared with existing methods, extensive experiments show that the SMDAF method significantly provides more efficiency in detecting images under simulated real‐world conditions, has better robustness when facing images with different post‐treatment attacks, and is more effective in distinguishing images that look copy–move forged but are real.
KMHK 1762: Another star cluster in the Large Magellanic Cloud age gap
Authors: Gatto M. , Ripepi V. , Bellazzini M. , Tosi M. , Tortora C. , Cignoni M. , Dall’Ora M. , Cioni M.-R. L. , Cusano F. , Longo G. , Marconi M. , Musella I. , Schipani P. , Spavone M. 
Published: August 2022

Context. The star cluster (SC) age distribution of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) exhibits a gap from ∼4 to 10 Gyr ago, with an almost total absence of SCs. Within this age gap, only two confirmed SCs have been identified hitherto. Nonetheless, the star field counterpart does not show the same characteristics, making the LMC a peculiar galaxy where the star formation history and cluster formation history appear to differ significantly.
Aims. We re-analysed the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) of the KMHK 1762 SC by using the deep optical photometry provided by the ‘Yes, Magellanic Clouds Again’ survey, so as to robustly assess its age.
Methods. First, we partially removed foreground and/or field stars by means of parallaxes and proper motions obtained from the Gaia Early Data Release 3. Then, we applied the Automated Stellar Cluster Analysis package to the cleaned photometric catalogue to identify the isochrone that best matches the CMD of KMHK 1762.
Results. The estimated age of KMHK 1762 is log(t)=9.74 ± 0.15 dex (∼5.5 Gyr), which is more than 2 Gyr older than the previous estimation which was obtained with shallower photometry. This value makes KMHK 1762 the third confirmed age-gap SC of the LMC.
Conclusions. The physical existence of a quiescent period of the LMC SC formation is questioned. We suggest it can be the result of an observational bias, originating from the combination of shallow photometry and limited investigation of the LMC periphery.
Recent Metal-Catalyzed Methods for Thioether Synthesis
Authors: Fleischer Ivana , Geiger Valentin J. , Oechsner Regina M. , Gehrtz Paul H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis review summarizes the more recent methods (since 2015) for the synthesis of thioethers using homogeneous metals as catalysts. The thioether moiety can be found in numerous compounds for pharmaceutical, agricultural, or material applications and it is therefore important to develop new, efficient methods for their synthesis. The recent efforts in this field focus on the use of non-precious metal catalysts, as well as on the development of new bond-forming processes.1	Introduction2	Cross-Couplings3	C–H Activation4	Hydrothiolation5	Carbothiolation6	Miscellaneous7	Conclusion
Most Frequent Compressive Limb Neuropathies: A Literature Review
Authors: Silva Donizete Tavares da , Cronemberger Pedro Jorge Luz Alves , Moura Matheus Henrique de Sousa , Garcez Barhbara Brenda Dias , Pereira Márcio da Silva , Brito José Nazareno Pearce de Oliveira 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPeripheral nerve injuries vary in length and severity, and they can occur secondary to trauma, compression and ischemia, leading to both motor and sensory neurological deficits. Nerve compression can occur in both the upper and lower limbs. These injuries can affect the quality of life, including the total or partial loss of the individual's productive capacity. The diagnostic methods are based on clinical criteria, but they may also include imaging and electroneurophysiological studies. A clinical examination using the Tinel and Phalen tests, for example, may suggest carpal tunnel syndrome. Complementary exams are used to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other possibilities, and the most used are electroneuromyography (ENMG), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography (US). Depending on the type of injury, recovery may be spontaneous or may require conservative or surgical treatment.
Stress among Parents of Children with Hearing Loss and How They Deal with It: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gunjawate Dhanshree R. , Ravi Rohit , Driscoll Carlie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction Parenting a child with hearing loss may be accompanied by high stress levels and several challenges.
Objectives The present systematic review was performed to compile the existing literature pertaining to parental stress in parents of children with hearing loss and coping strategies.
Data synthesis The databases searched include PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Cumulative Index to Nursing, and Allied Health Literature. The systematic review was designed and performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement guidelines. The screening for studies was performed independently by two researchers. Methodological quality appraisal was done using the Mixed methods appraisal tool. Twenty-eight studies were identified and included in the present review, which discussed the stress factors and coping mechanism associated with having child with hearing loss reported by parents. The factors leading to stress were thematically classified into parent/family-related factors, child-related factors, and professionals/service-related factors. The coping strategies were thematically classified into improved support systems and better professional resources.
Conclusion The present systematic review was an attempt at exploring the various stress causing factors among parents of children with hearing loss. The various coping strategies would help in better planning services for these parents and helping to lessen the stress.
Early Results of Type I Tympanoplasty in Underprivileged Nepalese Children and Factors Influencing the Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Maharjan Milan , Shrestha Mana , Bajracharya Rosy 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction Type I Tympanoplasty is a common ear surgery performed in Nepalese children, but no studies have been published about the success rate of the procedure and the factors affecting surgical outcomes.
Objectives To find out the surgical outcome of type I tympanoplasty and to evaluate the factors affecting the success of the surgery in Nepalese children.
Methods This is a retrospective study conducted by analyzing the medical records of a five-year period. Children aged 8–16 years who underwent type I tympanoplasty were included in the study. Surgical pro-forma and records of pre and post-operative pure tone audiometry were documented. Outcome of the surgery was considered a success in terms of graft uptake and hearing improvement six months after surgery.
Results Out of 629 children who underwent type I tympanoplasty, anatomical success was observed in 93.32% (n = 587) and functional success in 76% (n = 478). Factors such as age, site and size of the perforation, status of the middle ear and contralateral ear, surgical approach, and the graft used were not the predictors of the surgical outcome.
Conclusions The surgical outcome of type I tympanoplasty in Nepalese children was good. Although surgical outcome was better with older children, post-aural approach, temporalis fascia, inferiorly positioned perforations, and in children with dry middle ear mucosa, none of the parameters considered in this study were found to be a significant predictive factor of the surgical outcome.
A Comparative Study between Peptic Ulcer Perforation Score, Mannheim Peritonitis Index, ASA Score, and Jabalpur Score in Predicting the Mortality in Perforated Peptic Ulcers
Authors: Koranne Aboli , Byakodi K G. , Teggimani Vasant , Kamat Vijay V. , Hiregoudar Abhijith 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction Peptic ulcer disease continues to be a major public health in most developing countries despite the advances in medical management. The incidence of perforations remains high and has the highest mortality rate of any complication of ulcer disease. Risk stratification of cases will lead to better preoperative management and efficient utilization of intensive care unit resources. The purpose of the present study is to compare different existing scoring systems and identify the most accurate predictor of mortality in perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) cases.
Materials and Methods This is an observational study conducted in Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, India. All cases of PPU disease admitted from December 2017 to August 2019 who were treated surgically were included in the study. Demographic data were collected and peptic ulcer perforation (PULP) score, Mannheim peritonitis index (MPI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and Jabalpur score (JS) were calculated for individual patient and compared. The patient was followed up during the postoperative period.
Observation A total of 45 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 42.5 years. Most of the patients presented with 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use was noted in 8.9% patients, and steroid use was present in 2.2% patients. Of the 45 patients, 7 deaths were reported. Between the various scoring systems, the MPI and JS were better predictors of mortality with a p-value of <0.001 and 0.007, respectively. In contrast, the PULP and ASA scores had p-value not statistically significant. However, the PULP score was a better predictor of postoperative complication with a p-value of 0.047.
Conclusion Of the four scoring systems validated, the MPI and JS were better predictors of mortality in the given population. PULP score is a better predictor of postoperative complications in the present study.
Comparative Analysis of the Quality of Life in the Pretreatment of Head and Neck Cancer Patients According to Tumor Site
Authors: Cruz Marla S. P. , Reis Tercio G. , Nunes Jackeline Sena , Oliveira Antoniel C. , Teixeira Ágda Braga , Costa Karina Silva , Oliveira Márcio C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroduction Head and neck cancer (HNC) and its treatment can cause physical, psychological, and quality of life (QoL) damage, because it can disturb the physiology of eating, breathing, speaking, and compromise self-image.Objective To evaluate the QoL of the pretreatment of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer according to the anatomical location of the tumor.Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 144 patients undergoing pretreatment for cancer from February 2017 to July 2019. The University of Washington QoL Questionnaire (version 4) was used to assess the QoL. The anatomical location data were obtained from medical records. The ANOVA test was used to compare the differences in QoL according to tumor location.Results A total of 144 participants were included, 66 (45.5%) of whom had the primary tumor located in the mouth. The median age of the patients was 62 years, with a higher prevalence of male (75.7%), Black (78.5%), single/divorced/widowed people (59%), and illiterates (32.6%); most of them were smokers (84.7%) and alcohol drinkers (79.2%). The mean QoL score was 830 for mouth cancer, 858 for pharynx cancer, and 891 for laryngeal cancer patients.Conclusion Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the QoL of patients with head and neck cancer was not influenced by tumor location. The most affected domains in the three groups were pain, appearance, chewing, swallowing, and speech (p < 0.05).
Preferências e práticas de ortopedistas brasileiros por técnicas de tromboprofilaxia na artroplastia total do joelho: Levantamento entre membros da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia do Joelho (SBCJ)
Authors: Maradei-Pereira João Alberto Ramos , Barbosa Mateus Costa , Newbery Derek Frederick Silva , Torres Marcelo Rodrigues , Kuhn André , Demange Marco Kawamura 
Published: August 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Descrever as preferências e práticas atuais de uma amostra de cirurgiões de joelho do Brasil quanto à forma de tromboprofilaxia na artroplastia total do joelho (ATJ).
Método Na presente pesquisa realizada pela internet, cirurgiões associados à Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia do Joelho (SBCJ) foram convidados a responder voluntariamente a um questionário anônimo incluindo o tempo de experiência cirúrgica pessoal, percepções sobre as melhores opções de tromboprofilaxia e as reais práticas no ambiente onde trabalham.
Resultados Entre dezembro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021, 243 participantes responderam ao questionário completo. Exceto por 3 (1,2%) participantes, todos declararam praticar tromboprofilaxia, a maioria (76%) combinando as formas farmacológica e mecânica. A droga mais prescrita é a enoxaparina (87%), com modificação para rivaroxabana (65%) após a alta. O momento de início da tromboprofilaxia variou conforme o tempo de formação do cirurgião de joelho (p ≤ 0,03) e as preferências e práticas variaram conforme a região do país (p < 0,05) e o sistema de saúde no qual trabalham os cirurgiões (público ou privado; p = 0,024). A opção por tromboprofilaxia mecânica também dependeu do tempo de formação do cirurgião.
Conclusão As preferências e práticas de tromboprofilaxia na ATJ são diversas nas regiões do Brasil e sistemas de saúde (público ou privado). Dada a inexistência de uma diretriz clínica nacional, a maior parte dos ortopedistas segue ou a diretriz de seu próprio hospital ou nenhuma. O método de profilaxia mecânica e a pouca utilização do ácido acetilsalicílico são os pontos que mais destoam das diretrizes e práticas internacionais.
Avaliação dos resultados clínicos do tratamento artroscópico de lesões do manguito rotador pela técnica de suture bridge modificada
Authors: Fonseca Filho João Manoel , Sella Guilherme do Val , Souza Luis Henrique Lima de , Miyadahira Renato , Rosa João Roberto Polydoro , Miyazaki Alberto Naoki 
Published: August 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar os resultados clínicos pós-operatórios do reparo artroscópico de lesões do manguito rotador com uma configuração de sutura desenvolvida por nós a partir de modificação do Suture Bridge (Arthrex, Naples, FL, Estados Unidos).
Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de 28 pacientes do gênero masculino (41,2%) e 40 do gênero feminino (58,8%), com média de idade de 60 anos. Todos foram submetidos a reparo do manguito rotador com a técnica Suture Bridge modificada e acompanhados por um período mínimo de 18 meses. Os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente através da Escala de Ombro da University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
Resultados A amplitude de movimento média no pós-operatório foi elevação de 134 ° (variação: 110° a 140°), rotação lateral de 58° (variação: 40° a 70°), e rotação medial de T10 (variação: L4 a T7). O aumento médio de elevação foi de 15°, o de rotação lateral, de 14°, e o de rotação medial, de 2 níveis vertebrais. Os resultados foram considerados excelentes em 61 casos (83,6%) e bons, em 8 (10,9%). Em 4 casos (5,5%), o resultado foi regular.
Conclusão Os resultados clínicos pós-operatórios do reparo artroscópico de lesões do manguito rotador, pela técnica Suture Bridge modificada, foram excelentes e bons na maioria dos casos (69; 94,5%).