bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Immune‑Related Gene-Based Model: Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ren Junkai , Yuan Chao , Zeng Fanxin , Zeng Kaining , Zhang Tong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) remains a significant global health challenge. Immunotherapy for LIHC is a very promising treatment modality. However, some patients with LIHC have a poor response to tumor immunotherapy. Thus, it is imperative to fully understand liver cancer immune subtypes, by which individualized and optimized immunotherapy would be developed. Methods: We downloaded transcriptome and clinical data of TCGA-LIHC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, GSE52018 and GSE72467 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The immune cell infiltration of the tumor microenvironment was calculated. Based on the results of CIBERSORT, the LIHC patients were clustered into three subtypes. To establish the prognostic model, we employed LASSO-COX regression analysis. The differences in immune cell infiltration, tumor stemness, somatic mutations, and sensitivity to the immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with different risk groups were systematically assessed.Results: According to the results of CIBERSORT, LIHC samples were divided into three individual subtypes: Cluster-A, B, and C. These three subtypes have distinct characteristics with regard to immune cell infiltration, prognosis, and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy drugs. Cluster-B belongs to hot tumors, and Cluster-A and Cluster-C belong to cold tumors. We trained a prognostic model based on differential genes between cold and hot tumors. We then attempted to explore the differences among different risk groups in the immune microenvironment, oncogenic biology, genetic variation, and prognosis. The characteristics of immune activation, enhanced immunotherapy response, and prolonged survival was observed in the low-risk group. Finally, we combined Riskscore and other clinicopathological features to build a nomogram to predict the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of LIHC patients.Conclusion: In this study, an immune‑related gene-based model of predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma was established.
Potential of indigenous low-cost lures for monitoring and as a component of integrated management of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Tanyi Clovis Bessong , Njock Thomas Eku , Ntonifor Nelson Neba 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Considering the increasing voracious feeding impact of the invasive fall armyworm; Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) in major corn-growing belts of Africa, indigenous low-cost lures were compared with the commercial pheromone for monitoring and control of this pest via mass capture of the adults.Methods: Four sets of trials were conducted during two cropping (rainy and dry) seasons in two agro-ecological zones of Cameroon. The experiments were setup in randomised complete block designs with 5 lure treatments; palm wine, honeygar, commercial pheromone, Maize chyme, and a water control each replicated five times. Results: The Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) showed that the maize chyme low-cost lure attracted significantly higher numbers of the moths compared to the commercial pheromone (p<0.001). The maize chyme attracted more moths in the Western Highland savanna with a mean of 61.75 significantly different from the Humid rainforest with 30.50 moths (p<0.001). This was followed by Honeygar with 53.25 and 28.12 moths in the Highland savanna and Humid rainforest zones respectively. These were both significantly different from Palm wine (p<0.001). The highest numbers of adult fall armyworms were recorded in the Dry season, which were significantly different from the rainy season (p<0.001).Conclusion: The indigenous low-cost lures are effective tools in monitoring and control of fall armyworm as components of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy for resource-constrained smallholder farmers.
Morphology of the external sense organs on the adult Lycosoides coarctata (Araneae: Agelenidae) inhabiting Assiut Governorate, Egypt.
Authors: Abdel-Mageed Marwa A. , Obuidallah Ahmed H. , Elshimy Nasser A. , Hussien Elamier H.M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Spiders are equipped with a large number of sense organs, which respond to various sensory stimuli. The spider's body hair and spines are high sensitive to touch and to vibrations. Spiders can feel a puff of air so gentle that it only stirs one hair. Spiders do not have ears, but have an excellent hearing. They pick up sound vibrations with tiny hairs on their legs and bodies. A spider can "hear" the vibrations of an insect walking along the ground or onto a web. They can tastes and smells with its feet. Scanning electron microscopic studies illustrate the presence of different types of hairs and sensilla on different parts of adult males and females of Lycosoides coarctata. There are two stimuli affected to spiders, mechanical and chemical stimuli. Here we focus on the different types of sensilla: the mechanosensory setae, trichobothria, slit sensilla, lyriform organs, trichoid sensilla, sensilla placodea, sensilla styloconica and chemosensory setae. Trichobothria have a cup-like socket and a long hair-like projection. Trichobothria present on all walking legs, pedipalps, chelicerae and are the air movement sensors of spiders.
GOLPH3 promotes cell proliferation and malignancy in Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma via AKT-mTOR axis activation
Authors: Liu Jianmin , Zhou Tao , Wang Yongkuan , Cao Shuwei , Zhang Meng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is a type of the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and it tends to have malignant transformation and result in poor prognosis effected by oncogene. Studies have shown that Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is highly expressed in HNSCC, which can activate AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. However, the functions of GOLPH3 in HSCC was unclear. Methods Based on the analysis of 520 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we employed GOLPH3 stable knockdown and overexpression of FaDu cell lines to investigated that function and impact of GOLPH3 on HSCC in vitro and vivo. In addition, we verifying the functions and pathway of genes that positively related to GOLPH3 via enrichment analysis and western blot. Results GOLPH3 promotes HSCC cells proliferation, migration and subcutaneous tumor in vivo. We confirmed the positive correlation between GOLPH3 and AKT-mTOR signal activation in vitro. Enrichment analysis indicated that GOLPH3 is critical for HSCC development.Conclusion GOLPH3 promotes tumor cells proliferation and malignancy via AKT-mTOR signal activation, and this mechanism may be a key factor for HSCC tumor malignancy. Highlight GOLPH and it activating the mTOR pathway is important mechanism for the tumorigenesis and development of HSCC, which may provide an important target for clinical treatment of HSCC.
Effect of pH on the Antimicrobial Activity of Wood Vinegar (Pyroligneous Extract) From Eucalyptus
Authors: Gama Gil Sander Próspero , Pimenta Alexandre Santos , Feijó Francisco Marlon Carneiro , Santos Caio Sérgio dos , Castro Renato Vinicius Oliveira , de Azevedo Tatiane Kelly Barbosa , de Medeiros Lúcio César Dantas 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The study aimed to assess the effect of progressive neutralization on the antimicrobial properties against bacteria and yeasts of wood vinegar obtained from the pyrolysis of Eucalyptus urograndis wood. Wood samples were carbonized at a heating rate of 0.7°C min1 until a final temperature of 450°C. The raw pyrolysis liquids were left to settle and the aqueous fraction was separated. Then, the aqueous fraction (raw wood vinegar – WV) was purified to yield the WV. WV samples were collected and neutralized in steps with a solution of 2-mol L− 1 NaOH from pH 2.5 until 7.5 (2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, and 7.5. Through the broth microdilution method, the antimicrobial effect of the neutralized samples at each pH was assessed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus agalactiae (CEPA CLINICA), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal (and fungicidal) concentrations were determined. Results were submitted to regression analysis, and statistical models were fitted. A progressive decrease in the antimicrobial activity was determined as pH increased. Nevertheless, even when neutral and slightly alkaline pH values are reached, the inhibitory activity remained at a certain level. Higher pH values of the WV were associated with lower antimicrobial activity. However, its activity remained even at neutral and slightly alkaline pH values. The results demonstrated the effect of pH on the antimicrobial effect of WV, a product with applications in veterinary medicine and zootechnics.
2022 Hunga-Tonga eruption: stratospheric aerosol evolution in a water-rich plume
Authors: Zhu Yunqian , Bardeen Charles , Tilmes Simone , Mills Michael , Harvey V. , Taha Ghassan , Kinnison Douglas , Yu Pengfei , Rosenlof Karen , Wang Xinyue , Avery Melody , Kloss Corinna , Li Can , Glanville Anne , Millán Luis , Deshler T , Portmann Robert , Krotkov Nickolay , Toon Owen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcanic eruption injected a relatively small amount of SO2, but significantly more water into the stratosphere than previously seen in the modern satellite record. Here we show that the large amount of water resulted in large perturbations to stratospheric aerosol evolution. Our Community Earth System Model simulation reproduces the enhanced water vapor observed by the Microwave Limb Sounder at pressure levels between 10 and 50 hPa for three months. Compared with a simulation without a water injection, this additional source of water vapor increases OH, which halves the SO2 lifetime. Subsequent coagulation creates larger sulfate particles that double the stratospheric aerosol optical depth. A seasonal forecast of volcanic plume transport in the southern hemisphere indicates this eruption will greatly enhance the aerosol surface area and water vapor near the polar vortex until at least October 2022, suggesting that there will continue to be an impact of the HTHH eruption on the climate system.
Homocysteine promotes scavenger receptor CD36 mediated oxLDL uptake eliciting PON2 antioxidant defense response in ARPE-19 and THP-1 macrophage cells
Authors: Babu Kannadasan Anand , Sen Parveen , Biswas Jyotirmay , Angayarkanni Narayanasamy 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Oxidative stress is the major cause of dysfunctional phagocytic cells such as the macrophages causing atherosclerotic changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) showing lipofuscin accumulation seen in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Systemic homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with CVD and AMD pathology. The study evaluated the prooxidant Hcy on the metabolic activity of ARPE-19 cells and THP-1 macrophage cells in vitro, since localized macrophages are involved in AMD pathology. These cells were exposed to Hcy and homocysteine thiolactone (HCTL) showed increased oxLDL uptake assessed by fluorimetry along with increased protein expression of oxLDL receptor, CD36 in both the cells. Cellular Paraoxonase 2 (PON2), an antioxidant was significantly increased in both ARPE-19 and THP-1 macrophages possibly to counteract the intracellular oxidative stress. The increased PON2 and CD36 expression observed were mediated by the increased SP1 and PPARγ transcription factors, respectively. The lysosomal activity assessed in terms of cathepsin D expression was significantly increased indicating accumulation of the intracellular oxLDL. Further, immunohistochemistry revealed relatively higher expression of PON2 and CD36 in the RPE of AMD donor eye sections compared to control, supporting dysregulated oxLDL metabolism and antioxidant defense by PON2 enzyme observed in vitro. Thus, Hcy increases oxLDL uptake and promotes oxidative stress that potentially causes RPE dysfunction contributing to AMD pathology, while the cellular PON2 is promoted as an antioxidant response.
Identification of contaminant source and hydraulic conductivity field based on an ILUES-SOM surrogate model
Authors: Zheng Na , Liu Jinbing , Xia Xuemin , Gu Simin , Li Xianwen , Jiang Simin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Contaminant source identification and hydraulic conductivity estimation are of great significance for contaminant transport model in the subsurface media, but their actual values are difficult to obtain and can usually be inversely identified and estimated by sparse observations. In order to reduce computational cost in the process of estimating groundwater model parameters, the surrogate model was often used. This study addresses this challenge by proposing a modified self-organizing map (SOM) based surrogate model, named ILUES-SOM, which combing a modified iterative ensemble smoother method (SGSIM-ILUES) and SOM algorithm, to simultaneously identify contaminant source parameters and hydraulic conductivity field. Considering the characteristics of the proposed method (ILUES-SOM), the comparison of parameter estimation accuracy and computational efficiency is performed with original SOM and SGSIM-ILUES inversion model. Moreover, the robustness of ILUES-SOM model for inversion was illustrated by proposing varying degrees of observation errors and missing early observation data. The results indicated that ILUES-SOM model can successfully retrieve unknown contaminant source simultaneously with heterogeneity hydraulic conductivity field in groundwater system.
Behavior characteristics of phosphorus and capping effect of microbubble flotation to control phosphorus release in the benthic sediment
Authors: Choi Yong-Ho , Jeong Yong-Hoon , Jang Min-Ho , Kwak Dong-Heui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Microbubbles were applied to remove phosphorus (P) and improve environmental water conditions on the surface of the benthic sediment in a eutrophic lake. Microbubble flotation (MF) was used to remove P in a laboratory-scale experiment device from the benthic sediment and overlying water field samples. The results of P tracing observation for MF treatment, which were identified based on the mass balance, showed P accumulated at a higher concentration in the floated scum than in the deposited sludge. Furthermore, while the amount of soluble P separated was insignificant, the removal efficiency of soluble P in the floated scum was higher than total P. As an additional effect, P release was suppressed by the injection of microbubbles, which reduced anaerobicization and improved environmental conditions in the overlying water of the lake. We also confirmed that the sludge that settled after flotation separation caused capping, which restrained P release by forming a layer on the surface of the sediment. The direct P flotation separation, provision of oxygen by injected microbubbles, and capping effect of re-deposited sludge are advantages associated with MF, and our results show that field application studies are warranted.
Mathematical model and experiment analysis of pressure fluctuation inside dual-stack drainage system in residential buildings
Authors: Guan Y. , Yan X. , Fang Z. , Ren S. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The final velocity was put forward to study the water flow characteristics inside the building drainage system; however, it is more suitable for low-rise and multi-storey buildings, not for high-rise buildings. This study revealed the drainage transient characteristics of a double stack drainage system in high-rise residential buildings. Based on the final velocity, the air-water interaction mechanism and two-phase flow conditions in high-rise residential drainage stacks were discussed. An influence model of drainage system flow rate on pressure fluctuation under the change of state parameters such as ventilation rate, pipe wall roughness and building height was established. The pressure limit and flow rate data were obtained through full-scale experiments. The pressure limit and flow rate model were simplified to . After the data were verified, the fitting coefficients A, B and C were linear to the floor height.
To Explore the Mechanism of “Fuzi-Guizhi” for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis
on the Basis of Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Chen De-Ta , Shen Xue , Li Yu-Mei , Chen Lin , Pan Yan-Bin , Sheng Xiao-Ping , Rao Wu , Xie Xiao-Liang , Gu Jing-Liang , Zhu Hai-Xia , Fan Tian-You , Qiu Min-Lei 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
The objective of this study is to analyze and verify the main drug components
and targets of "Fuzi-Guizhi" in the treatment of osteoarthritis by using the network pharmacology
platform.

Methods:
The integrated pharmacology of "Fuzi-Guizhi" was analyzed by using the platform of
integrated pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine to explore its mechanism in the treatment
of osteoarthritis. By establishing an arthritis model in vitro, the pharmacological effect of "aconitecassia
twigs" on articular cartilage was evaluated and conducted for molecular docking.

Results:
28 candidate active components, 37 compound targets, and 583 osteoarthritis-related potential
targets were screened, and 10 key target processes were screened in the protein interaction
network model. Enrichment analysis showed that the 10 core targets involved 958 GO biologic
function items and 76 KEGG signal pathways, which were mainly related to apoptosis and mitochondrial
functional metabolism. And "Fuzi-Guizhi" drug-containing serum inhibited the expression
of Caspase-3 mRNA and protein in chondrocytes and promoted the synthesis of ATP.

Conclusion:
Our research is preliminary that the mechanism of action of "Fuzi-Guizhi" may inhibit
chondrocyte degeneration by resisting mitochondrial apoptosis, and further experimental research
is required to determine.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes Affect Macrophage Phenotype: A Cell-free Strategy for the Treatment of Skeletal
Muscle Disorders
Authors: Su Gang , Lei Xiaoting , Wang Zhenyu , Xie Weiqiang , Wen Donghong , Wu Yucheng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
The process of tissue damage, repair, and regeneration in the skeletal muscle
system involves complex inflammatory processes. Factors released in the inflammatory
microenvironment can affect the phenotypic changes of macrophages, thereby changing
the inflammatory process, making macrophages an important target for tissue repair
treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells exert anti-inflammatory effects by regulating immune
cells. In particular, exosomes secreted by mesenchymal stem cells have become a new
cell-free treatment strategy due to their low tumorigenicity and immunogenicity. This
article focuses on the mechanism of the effect of exosomes derived from mesenchymal
stem cells on the phenotype of macrophages after skeletal muscle system injury and
explores the possible mechanism of macrophages as potential therapeutic targets after
tissue injury.
QSAR Analysis, Molecular Docking and ADME Studies of Thiobarbituric
Acid Derivatives as Thymidine Phosphorylase Inhibitors: A Rational
Approach to Anticancer Drug Design by in silico Modelling
Authors: Rao Janhavi R. , Meher Pooja S. , Kumar Dileep 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Thymidine Phosphorylase (TP) is an imperative target for cancer researchers. In
the current research, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were demonstrated to
identify new TP inhibitors.

Objective:
The main objective is to perform a QSAR study on a series of 19 derivatives of thiobarbituric
acid and new molecules designed and dock to check potency and efficacy for anticancer activity.

Methods:
Multiple linear regression analysis (MLR) was used to establish a two-dimensional quantitative
structure-activity relationship (2D-QSAR) with regression coefficient values of 0.9781, 0.9513, and
0.9819 for the training set (r2), leave-one-out (LOO) dependent internal regression (q2), and external test
set regression (r2 _pred), respectively. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3DQSAR)
model, obtained by using the simulated annealing k nearest neighbour (SA-KNN) method (q2 =
0.7880). Newly designed molecules were subjected to docking studies with 7-deazaxanthine taken as
standard.

Results:
Molecular modelling, structure-based drug design and docking study analysis were performed.
The new chemical entities (NCE’s) designed, docked towards targeted receptor and show good results as
compared to the standard 7-deazaxanthine. It was found that these molecules bind similar amino acid
pocket regions as that of standard. Molecules bind at the active site of TP enzyme involving H bond interactions
with shorter distances showed greater affinity. At last, the oral bioavailability and toxic effect
were evaluated as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) studies by computational
means of the Qikprop tool of Schrodinger.

Conclusion:
One of the most successful and fast-increasing methodologies is molecular modelling. It not
only aids in the prediction of specific target compounds but also aids in the cost reduction of valuable
substances. QSAR and docking study was performed, and most of the molecules have shown good dock
scores. Based on these results, NCE’s for anticancer activity were successfully designed and analysed in
this research work which will be helpful for effective drug synthesis with less toxicity in the future.

Others:
2D QSAR model was generated by three methods, and the best one was selected for further
study. NCEs were planned based on descriptors such as topological, electrostatic, steric, and hydrophobic
substitutions around the core.
Diagnosis and Clinical Aspects of Lung Cancer: A Special Emphasis on
Drug Targeting to Cancer Cells through Nanoparticles
Authors: Awasthi Rajendra , Singh Anurag Kumar , Mishra Gaurav , Maurya Anand , Dhiman Neerupma , Kharkwal Harsha , Sharma Bhupesh , Jha Niraj Kumar , Dureja Harish , Dua Kamal , de Jesus Andreoli Pinto Terezinha , Kulkarni Giriraj T. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The availability of successful
anticancer agents in the market is limited, and the development process of a new drug molecule is slow
and difficult. The currently available commercial formulations are not sufficient to produce the desired
therapeutic response within a specific time limit. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel
nanocarrier-based therapies to defeat the restrictions of existing therapeutics. Nanoparticles have been
investigated as novel formulations but are often inefficient in practical applications. However, several
unanswered questions and challenges exist in their clinical development; thus, a better understanding of
their influence on cancer biology, stability, and toxicity needs to be gained. This review discusses different
types of lung cancers as well as diagnostic approaches to lung cancer. The review also explores the
drug targeting mechanisms to cancer cells through nanoparticles and multi-drug resistance-associated
challenges in lung cancer therapy. Various nanocarrier systems that are safe and effective for drug delivery
in the treatment of lung cancer have been discussed. This communication will be of high relevance to
the biological, formulation, and translational scientists working in the field of cancer biology and drug
delivery.