bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finishing the Fight, One Step at a Time: Seriality in Bungie’s Halo
Authors: Bonk Jens 
Published: March 2022

The computer game series Halo has become one of the largest and most profitable transmedia franchises in the world, with lifetime sales of more than $3 billion in 2013 (Halo Waypoint). The narratives within the Halo universe unfold across several computer games, comic books, novels, short films (including advertising) and ARGs. On top of these corporate products that form the core ‘canon,’ fan communities have built intricately connected, additional narratives (e.g. Rooster Teeth’s Red vs. Blue) based on the story and/or the technology provided by the Halo games. This paper seeks to explore the different modes of seriality that Halo engages with. It thus traces Halo’s narrative across what Denson and Jahn-Sudmann have called “intra-ludic, inter-ludic and para-ludic” boundaries (2013). Obviously Denson and Jahn-Sudmann’s approach lends itself to the analysis of the complex fiction of Halo as a whole, but also of its constituent parts and their interrelations.
As with a lot of modern transmedia franchises, Halo’s narrative universe is at the same time splintered and unified, each installment standing on its own, but also being connected to a larger, fictional history. Consequently, it represents the culmination of what Marsha Kinder first described as “transmedia intertextuality” (1993) and what Henry Jenkins has developed further in several volumes and articles (e.g. 2003, 2011).
Beginning with the big picture of Halo as a transmedia universe, this paper will analyze the relationships between the different layers of seriality that make up Halo as a singular, yet disjointed, narrative. While para-ludic and inter-ludic elements of Halo’s seriality as a narrative universe are relatively obvious and clearly delineated, intra-ludic seriality within the Halo computer games is less visible and more subtle. Thus, in an effort to give a more detailed explanation of the role intra-ludic seriality plays in Halo as a whole, a large part of this paper will consist of a close reading of Halo 3’s first chapter. A central concept for this analysis will be the notion of “serial one-upmanship” or “outbidding” (cf. Jahn-Sudmann and Kelleter 2012), which is at the core of Halo 3’s intra-ludic seriality. While Halo 3 is divided into clearly marked chapters, this paper will argue that its intra-ludic seriality extends further and is shaped by elements of the gameplay itself. In order to offer a detailed analysis of these elements, Aki Järvinen’s terminology for elements of games will be employed (2007).
Alive: A Case Study of the Design of an AI Conversation Simulator
Authors: Walsh Eric 
Published: March 2022

This article offers a case study of a game designed to encourage its players to reflect on the implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by considering the impact that advancements in AI might have on them personally or on the world more broadly. Alive is a conversation simulator in the vein of the Lifeline series of games, where the player responds to messages from a newly created AI in a manner simulating the rhythm of a conversation vis phone texts. Player decisions directly influence how the AI develops over time and the values it chooses to adopt. Throughout the narrative, the game explores a variety of topics relevant to the creation of AI, such as the potential differences between how an AI and a human would view the world, the capacity of an AI to evolve or change over time, and the risks inherent in the creation of a self-aware AI. In this article, I describe the development of a working prototype of my game, made freely available to accompany this piece. After first establishing the basic principles of conversation simulators based on an analysis of existing examples, I chronicle the design decisions I made and offer my rationale for them. I also discuss the difficulties I encountered in covering this topic and propose what I see as helpful design takeaways for creating other games in a similar vein. It is my hope that this article provides practical tools to scholars and designers interested in both creating and interrogating complex topics such as AI through games.
Evaluation of Elemental and Volatile Compounds of Three Selected Plants of Genus Hibiscus
Authors: Deliza Hidangmayum , Maibam Damayanti 
Published: March 2022

Aims: The present study aims to evaluate the minerals, bioactive compounds of 3 selected Hibiscus Genus i,e. Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Hibiscus cannabinus L., and Hibiscus acetosella Welw.
Place and Duration of Study: The selected plants were collected during May to October 2018 from Imphal (24°37’N and 93°39’E) Manipur North Eastern State of India, which lies 2590 feet above sea level, and study were carried out in Genetics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Manipur University.
Methodology: The minerals composition and bioactive compounds were evaluated by using Graphite Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (GF-AAS) method and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), respectively.
Results: The elemental analysis shows the presence of Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Sodium, Potassium, Selenium, Chromium, Cobalt. By using the GC-MS method, the compounds are identified with Retention time (RT) and area percentage. The two compounds are identified for methanol extract and four compounds for chloroform extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. For Hibiscus cannabinus L., three compounds are identified for methanol extract and four compounds for chloroform extract and for Hibiscus acetosella Welw. eleven compounds for methanol extract and three compounds for chloroform extract.
Conclusion: The selected plants are good source of Sodium, Potassium, Selenium, Chromium, Cobalt, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper and bioactive compounds which had antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant properties and renal related disorders protection effects. However, it is needed to study the pharmacological activity for further evaluation.
Growth Performance of Early Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Influenced by Seed Priming
Authors: Krishna R. Sarath , Phookan Deepa B. , Kachari Manisha , Sarma Ira 
Published: March 2022

Seed priming is a pre sowing seed treatment technique that improves growth performance in the field and hence boost subsequent germination, growth and yield of the crop. This study was conducted at Experimental Farm, Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during February to May, 2019 to determine the effect of seed priming and priming duration on growth performance of early okra. The experiment was conducted following Randomised Block Design with three replications. Seed priming of okra seeds was done by soaking the seeds for 12 or 24 hrs in distilled water, KCl, PEG 6000 and GA3.Whereas unprimed dry seeds represented the control. Results indicated that all the characters, such as plant stand per plot, plant height at harvest, branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to first fruiting, days to 50 % fruiting showed improved results in seed priming treatment Osmopriming with 5 % PEG-6000 for 24 hrs followed by halopriming with 1% KCl for 12 hrs over unprimed dry seed. The results obtained clearly showed positive correlation of seed priming with plant growth, flowering, fruiting and root morphological traits.
Examination of Biological and Economic Characteristics of Introduced Walnut Cultivars and Recommendations for Spreading
Authors: Salkić Besim , Salkić Ahmed , Imširović Emir , Salkić Ensar , Huseinović Samira 
Published: March 2022

Plantation cultivation of grafted walnuts in Bosnia and Herzegovina did not exist until 6 years ago. Walnut seedlings (Juglans regia L) were mainly planted, which showed all the shortcomings related to the trees obtained from the seeds. In the last 5 years, there has been interest in planting grafted walnuts, so in this regard there was a need for controlled introduction of varieties suitable for this area.
Research was conducted during 2020 - 2021 at four walnut tree cultivars, Chandler, Franquette, Fernor i Fernette.
The aim of the research is to determine how certain varieties behave in agroecological conditions of the Majevica region and on that basis to give a proposal of the best variety for further spread in the area of this region. The research was conducted within the project number 02 / 9-712-1-5-3 / 21. The research was carried out at the Skakava Gornja site at an altitude of 192 m with a southwestern exposure (plot I) and a northeastern exposure at 172 m above sea level (plot II), with a terrain slope of 8%.
The research related to vegetative growth included counting and measuring the average, then the minimum and maximum growth during two years. Yield monitoring included counting and measuring fruit number, average fruit size and calculating average yield.
Generally the Chandler and Franquette varieties planted on the I plot had a stronger growth.
Taking into account the vegetative growth, the number and size of fruits as well as the yield in the observed period, the Chandler and Franquette varieties are recommended for further expansion.
Reflection and Reflective Practice in General Practice: A Systematic Review Exploring and Evaluating Key Variables Influencing Reflective Practice
Authors: Taiwo Akhigbe, , Esther Monday, 
Published: March 2022

Background: Reflective practice is an essential part of general practice involving the trainee and the practitioners and the mechanism to promote this is the creation of portfolios to monitor evidence of reflective practices needed as part of licensing and revalidation in the United Kingdom
Aim: Evaluate the existing evidence about reflection and reflective practice models, utility, quality, significance, and implication for practice in General practice.
Methodology: Systematic databases search include Medline/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, ERIC, and google scholar, limited to the last twenty years from January 2000 to January 2020.
Results: There were eight observational studies with 236 patients with over 90 percent of evidence that reflective practice is a tool for learning and development with poor evidence on the scale of measurement of reflective practice. No evidence for the effect of reflection on patient care. All evidence is level 2- with a grade C recommendation.
Conclusion: This systematic review of findings from eight studies of reflective practice in general practice. Relevant literature supports refection as a learning tool and process for mandatory assessment of performance and appraisal. In contrast, there is an overwhelming distaste for the current structure of e-portfolio for written reflection. There is no evidence for the effect of reflection on patient care and currently no standard scale of measurement to assess the quality of reflection in general practice.
Proximate, Microbial and Sensory Properties of Moi-Moi Produced with Crayfish and Grasshopper
Authors: Victor-Aduloju A. T. , Okonkwo H. C. , Osuji J. C. , Ukachi N. J. , Okonkwo I. W. , Okafor P. I. , Uchegbu T. M. , Ezegbe C. C. , Olopade A. J. 
Published: March 2022

The research assessed the proximate, microbial and sensory properties of moi-moi produced with crayfish and grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus). Cowpea seed, crayfish and grasshoppers were processed into flours using standard procedures. Cowpea-crayfish flour and cowpea-grasshopper flour were formulated with the ratios: 90:10, 85:15, 80:20 and 75:25 respectively. Proximate properties showed the range of values for Protein: 5.50-12.80, Fat: 5.27-8.07%, Carbohydrate: 28.30-38.87%, Moisture: 40.00-52.67%, Ash: 1.32-4.27% and Fiber: 1.63 -8.50%. Microbial analysis indicated bacteria count range of 4.1 × 105 - 8.5 × 105 CFU/g; fungal 2.1 × 105 - 4.2× 105 CFU/g and coliform 1.6 × 105 -3.8 × 105 CFU/g. Sensory attributes of the moi-moi samples were evaluated and the result ranged from 6.27-7.60 for colour, 6.33-7.13 for texture, 5.60-7.73, 6.13-7.00 for flavour and 6.20-7.60 for overall acceptability. The study established that moi-moi produced with crayfish and grasshopper contains high amount of nutritive value when compared with moi-moi produced only with cowpea flour. The result of the sensory evaluation showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between the samples indicating that moi-moi produced with grasshopper is acceptable.
Unilateral pallidothalamic tractotomy at Forel's field H1 for cervical dystonia
Authors: Horisawa Shiro , Kohara Kotaro , Nonaka Taku , Fukui Atsushi , Mochizuki Tatsuki , Iijima Mutsumi , Kawamata Takakazu , Taira Takaomi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNeurosurgical ablation of Forel's field H1 for cervical dystonia, which is currently abandoned, was formerly used in the 1960s–1970s. Regardless of the lack of neuroimaging modalities and objective evaluation scales, the reported efficacy was significant. Although recent studies have reappraised the ablation of the pallidothalamic tract at Forel's field H1 for Parkinson's disease, the efficacy for cervical dystonia has not been investigated well.MethodsData of 35 patients with cervical dystonia who underwent unilateral pallidothalamic tractotomy at Forel's field H1 were retrospectively analyzed. The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) scores, the neck score of the Burke–Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS), and adverse events were evaluated preoperatively and at the last available follow‐up period.ResultsThe mean clinical follow‐up period was 13.9 ± 6.5 months. The mean TWSTRS total scores were 34.3 ± 14.0 preoperatively and 18.4 ± 16.5 at the last available follow‐up period (46.4% improvement, p < 0.0001). The BFMDRS neck score also improved significantly from 6.2 ± 2.9 preoperatively to 2.8 ± 2.8 at the last available follow‐up period (55.0% improvement on the neck score, p < 0.0001). Reduced hand dexterity in seven patients, hypophonia in five patients, dysarthria in four patients, and executive dysfunction in one patient were confirmed as adverse events at the last available follow‐up evaluation. One patient had postoperative hemorrhage.ConclusionThe current study confirmed significant improvement in TWSTRS total scores and BFMDRS neck scores at the 13.9‐month follow‐up after unilateral pallidothalamic tractotomy. The pallidothalamic tract in Forel's field H1 is expected to be an alternative treatment target for cervical dystonia.
When Less Gold is More: Selective Attomolar Biosensing at the Nanoscale
Authors: Dastidar Monalisha Ghosh , Murugappan Krishnan , Damry Adam M. , Nisbet David R. , Nolan Christopher J. , Tricoli Antonio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of biosensors has become increasingly important to tackle the spread of potentially pandemic pathogens and for the decentralization of healthcare services. Despite progress, achieving selective detection of ultralow concentrations of biomarkers in complex fluids with point‐of‐care devices is a standing challenge. Here, an efficient material platform for the sensing of biomarkers down to attomolar concentrations with excellent selectivity and a tuneable linear response range is reported. It is demonstrated that by decreasing the Au nanoislands on an elsewhere passivated surface, it is possible to more than double their electrochemical response to low biomarker concentrations via a gate‐type mechanism. As an exemplary application, the first sensing of glycated albumin, a key biomarker for diabetes management, in clinically relevant levels by conjugation of a selective DNA aptamer to the Au nanoisland surface is showcased. With a limit of detection of 0.55 × 10−18 m, the excellent selectivity of this platform against nonspecific biomolecules is validated. This platform shows exceptional sensitivity and selectivity in mouse serum, further highlighting its potential for clinical utility. The versatility of this platform to detect other biomarkers, like miRNAs, is also showcased. These findings provide a flexible material platform for the scalable and low‐cost engineering of future point‐of‐care biosensors.
Microphase Separation‐Driven Sequential Self‐Folding of Nanocomposite Hydrogel/Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Zhao Jiayu , Bae Jinhye 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUntethered stimuli‐responsive soft materials with programmed sequential self‐folding are of great interest due to their ability to achieve task‐specific shape transformation with complex final configuration. Here, reversible and sequential self‐folding soft actuators are demonstrated by utilizing a temperature‐responsive nanocomposite hydrogel with different folding speeds but the same chemical composition. By varying the UV light intensity during the photo‐crosslinking of the nanocomposite hydrogel, different types of microstructures can be realized via phase separation mechanisms, which allow to control the folding speeds. The self‐folding structures are fabricated by integrating two dissimilar materials (i.e., a nanocomposite hydrogel and an elastomer) into hinge‐based bilayer structures via extrusion‐based 3D printing. It has been demonstrated that the folding kinetics can be accelerated by more than one order of magnitude due to the phase‐separated microstructure formed by the relatively weaker UV intensity (≈10 mW cm‐2) compared to the one formed by stronger UV intensity (≈100 mW cm‐2). 3D structures with sequential self‐folding capabilities are realized by prescribing actuation speeds and folding angles to specific hinges of the nanocomposite hydrogel. Sequential folding box and self‐locking latch structures are fabricated to demonstrate the ability to capture and hold objects underwater.
Large Magnetic Gap in a Designer Ferromagnet–Topological Insulator–Ferromagnet Heterostructure
Authors: Li Qile , Trang Chi Xuan , Wu Weikang , Hwang Jinwoong , Cortie David , Medhekar Nikhil , Mo Sung‐Kwan , Yang Shengyuan A. , Edmonds Mark T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCombining magnetism and nontrivial band topology gives rise to quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulators and exotic quantum phases such as the QAH effect where current flows without dissipation along quantized edge states. Inducing magnetic order in topological insulators via proximity to a magnetic material offers a promising pathway toward achieving the QAH effect at a high temperature for lossless transport applications. One promising architecture involves a sandwich structure comprising two single‐septuple layers (1SL) of MnBi2Te4 (a 2D ferromagnetic insulator) with ultrathin few quintuple layer (QL) Bi2Te3 in the middle, and it is predicted to yield a robust QAH insulator phase with a large bandgap greater than 50 meV. Here, the growth of a 1SL MnBi2Te4/4QL Bi2Te3/1SL MnBi2Te4 heterostructure via molecular beam epitaxy is demonstrated and the electronic structure probed using angle‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Strong hexagonally warped massive Dirac fermions and a bandgap of 75 ± 15 meV are observed. The magnetic origin of the gap is confirmed by the observation of the exchange‐Rashba effect, as well as the vanishing bandgap above the Curie temperature, in agreement with density functional theory calculations. These findings provide insights into magnetic proximity effects in topological insulators and reveal a promising platform for realizing the QAH effect at elevated temperatures.
Mesoporous Single‐Crystal Lithium Titanate Enabling Fast‐Charging Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jin Xu , Han Yehu , Zhang Zhengfeng , Chen Yawei , Li Jianming , Yang Tingting , Wang Xiaoqi , Li Wanxia , Han Xiao , Wang Zelin , Liu Xiaodan , Jiao Hang , Ke Xiaoxing , Sui Manling , Cao Ruiguo , Zhang Genqiang , Tang Yongfu , Yan Pengfei , Jiao Shuhong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere remain significant challenges in developing fast‐charging materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to sluggish ion diffusion kinetics and unfavorable electrolyte mass transportation in battery electrodes. In this work, a mesoporous single‐crystalline lithium titanate (MSC‐LTO) microrod that can realize exceptional fast charge/discharge performance and excellent long‐term stability in LIBs is reported. The MSC‐LTO microrods are featured with a single‐crystalline structure and interconnected pores inside the entire single‐crystalline body. These features not only shorten the lithium‐ion diffusion distance but also allow for the penetration of electrolytes into the single‐crystalline interior during battery cycling. Hence, the MSC‐LTO microrods exhibit unprecedentedly high rate capability, achieving a specific discharge capacity of ≈174 mAh g−1 at 10 C, which is very close to its theoretical capacity, and ≈169 mAh g−1 at 50 C. More importantly, the porous single‐crystalline microrods greatly mitigate the structure degradation during a long‐term cycling test, offering ≈92% of the initial capacity after 10 000 cycles at 20 C. This work presents a novel strategy to engineer porous single‐crystalline materials and paves a new venue for developing fast‐charging materials for LIBs.
Bioinspired Colloidal Photonic Composites: Fabrications and Emerging Applications
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Lyu Quanqian , Peng Bolun , Chen Xiaodong , Zhang Lianbin , Zhu Jintao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrganisms in nature have evolved unique structural colors and stimuli‐responsive functions for camouflage, warning, and communication over millions of years, which are essential to their survival in harsh conditions. Inspired by these characteristics, colloidal photonic composites (CPCs) composed of colloidal photonic crystals embedded in the polymeric matrix are artificially prepared and show great promise in applications. This review focuses on the summary of building blocks, i.e., colloidal particles and polymeric matrices, and constructive strategies from the perspective of designing CPCs with robust performance and specific functionality. Furthermore, their state‐of‐the‐art applications are also discussed, including colorful coatings, anti‐counterfeiting, and regulation of photoluminescence, especially in the field of visualized sensing. Finally, current challenges and potential for future developments in this field are discussed. The purpose of this review is not only to clarify the design principle for artificial CPCs but also to serve as a roadmap for the exploration of next‐generation photonic materials.
Recent Structural Engineering of Polymer Semiconductors Incorporating Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Zhang Qi , Huang Jianyao , Wang Kai , Huang Wei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHighly planar, extended π‐electron organic conjugated polymers have been increasingly attractive for achieving high‐mobility organic semiconductors. In addition to the conventional strategy to construct rigid backbone by covalent bonds, hydrogen bond has been employed extensively to increase the planarity and rigidity of polymer via intramolecular noncovalent interactions. This review provides a general summary of high‐mobility semiconducting polymers incorporating hydrogen bonds in field‐effect transistors over recent years. The structural engineering of the hydrogen bond‐containing building blocks and the discussion of theoretical simulation, microstructural characterization, and device performance are covered. Additionally, the effects of the introduction of hydrogen bond on self‐healing, stretchability, chemical sensitivity, and mechanical properties are also discussed. The review aims to help and inspire design of new high‐mobility conjugated polymers with superiority of mechanical flexibility by incorporation of hydrogen bond for the application in flexible electronics.