bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Side Effects of Cranial Remolding Orthoses: A Multi-Site Review
Authors: Graham Tiffany , Wang Jijia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Infants with deformational head shapes may be treated with a Cranial Remolding Orthosis (CRO). Risks of CROs include skin irritations and other minor side effects. It is important to examine the incidence of complications with CRO treatment to determine if the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
This study retrospectively examined surveys provided by both practitioners and caregivers regarding orthotic treatment side effects and wear time at four clinics in Canada. Statistical analysis including the Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact tests were performed to examine how the side effects varied by treatment site and by reported orthotic wear time.
In total, 5,025 surveys about the CRO treatment of 453 patients were reviewed. The most common side effects were pressure spots, redness lasting for more than 1 hour, excessive sweat, and foul odor; however, the vast majority reported no significant issues (87.08%). Only 2.81% of surveys reported multiple side effects, which was about three times more like to happen when the CRO was reported to have fit problems. Wear time is correlated with the report of side effects; infants who wore the CRO 18 to 23.5 hours had statistically fewer side effects than those who wore the CRO for less time. The reported incidence of side effects may be artificially inflated because infants experiencing side effects are more likely to have more frequent follow-up.
Overall, the side effects of CRO treatment reported in this cohort were relatively rare and minimal, indicating CRO treatment is a safe way to treat deformational head shapes.
Late Deformity Following Fronto-Orbital Reconstructive Surgery for Metopic Synostosis: The Role of Temporalis Muscle
Authors: James Gregory , Rossi-Espagnet Maria Camilla , Moltoni Giulia , D’Arco Felice , Hayward Richard 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Theories for late-developing deformity (LDD) following fronto-orbital reconstructive surgery (FOR) for metopic synostosis (MS) must explain both its delayed onset and its physical characteristics. This study examined whether FOR-related interference with the normal childhood expansion of temporalis is responsible for its soft tissue component.
Three-dimensional reformats of preoperative and postoperative computed tomography scans of MS patients were reviewed. Measurements of vertical and horizontal reach of temporalis against those of the underlying skull (to allow for normal skull growth) were compared with normal subjects. The thickness of temporalis and the development of the temporal crests were also assessed.
Mean age at FOR was 17.1 months; interval between surgery and first report of LDD 4.7 years; mean age at computed tomography scan for post-FOR LDD patients 8.8 years. There was a significant difference between vertical and horizontal reach of temporalis in pre-FOR MS patients compared to normal subjects (P < 0.0017 and P < 0.05, respectively). The vertical age-related reach of temporalis in post-FOR patients after allowing for underlying skull growth was significantly reduced (P = 0.0045) compared to normal subjects but not its horizontal reach (P = 0.25). Temporal crests in LDD patients were absent or aberrantly formed while muscle thickness was similar to normal subjects at the 2 levels measured.
This study supports the theory that failure of the normal childhood expansion of temporalis is responsible for the soft tissue element of LDD, accounting for both its delayed onset and physical characteristics. Aberrant temporal crest development suggests FOR-related damage as the probable cause.
Macromolecular crowding and supersaturation protect hemodialysis patients from the onset of dialysis-related amyloidosis
Authors: Nakajima Kichitaro , Yamaguchi Keiichi , Noji Masahiro , Aguirre César , Ikenaka Kensuke , Mochizuki Hideki , Zhou Lianjie , Ogi Hirotsugu , Ito Toru , Narita Ichiei , Gejyo Fumitake , Naiki Hironobu , Yamamoto Suguru , Goto Yuji 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA), a serious complication among long-term hemodialysis patients, is caused by amyloid fibrils of β2-microglobulin (β2m). Although high serum β2m levels and a long dialysis vintage are the primary and secondary risk factors for the onset of DRA, respectively, patients with these do not always develop DRA, indicating that there are additional risk factors. To clarify these unknown factors, we investigated the effects of human sera on β2m amyloid fibril formation. Although sera markedly inhibited amyloid fibril formation, the inhibitory effects were weaker for sera collected from dialysis patients than for control sera. When sera collected before and after maintenance dialysis treatments were compared, the latter inhibited amyloid fibril formation more than the former. These results indicate that, although the inhibitory effects of sera were deteriorated in long-term dialysis patients, they were ameliorated by maintenance dialysis treatments in the short term. Maintenance dialysis decreases the body weight by 5% and consequently increases the concentrations of serum components. Among these components, we found that serum albumin prevented amyloid fibril formation based on macromolecular crowding effects, and that the decreased serum albumin concentration in dialysis patients is a tertiary risk factor for the onset of DRA. The model was constructed assuming accumulative effects of three risk factors and may be useful for predicting the onset of DRA. Furthermore, the model suggested the importance of monitoring temporary and accumulated risks to prevent the development of amyloidoses in general, which occurs based on supersaturation-limited amyloid fibril formation in a crowded milieu.
Oncogenic protein condensates suppress growth factor perception and modulate drug tolerance
Authors: Gonzalez-Martinez David , Roth Lee , Mumford Thomas R. , Guan Juan , Huang Bo , Tulpule Asmin , Bivona Trever G. , Bugaj Lukasz J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDrug resistance remains a central challenge towards durable cancer therapy, including for cancers driven by the EML4-ALK oncogene. EML4-ALK and related fusion oncogenes form cytoplasmic protein condensates that transmit oncogenic signals through the Ras/Erk pathway. However, whether such condensates play a role in drug response is unclear. Here, we used optogenetics to find that condensates suppress signaling through endogenous RTKs including EGFR. Notably, ALK inhibition hypersensitized RTK signals, which are known to drive resistance. Suppression of RTKs occurred because condensates sequestered downstream adapter proteins that are required for RTK signal transmission. Strikingly, EGFR hypersensitization resulted in rapid and pulsatile Erk signal reactivation, which originated from neighboring apoptotic cells. Paracrine signals promoted survival during ALK inhibition, and blockade of paracrine signals suppressed drug tolerance. Our results uncover a regulatory role for RTK fusion condensates in cancer drug response and demonstrate the potential of optogenetics for uncovering functional biomarkers of cancer cells.
Fetal origin of sex-bias brain aging
Authors: Islam Maliha , Strawn Monica , Behura Susanta K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDNA methylation plays crucial roles during fetal development as well as aging. Whether the aging of the brain is programmed at the fetal stage remains untested. To test this hypothesis, mouse epigenetic clock (epiclock) was profiled in fetal (gestation day 15), postnatal (day 5), and aging (week 70) brain of male and female C57BL/6J inbred mice. Data analysis showed that on week 70 the female brain was epigenetically younger than the male brain. Predictive modeling by neural network identified specific methylations in the brain at the developing stages that were predictive of epigenetic state of the brain during aging. Transcriptomic analysis showed coordinated changes in expression of epiclock genes in the fetal brain relative to placenta. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing identified sites that were methylated both in the placenta and fetal brain in a sex-specific manner. Epiclock genes and genes associated with specific signaling pathways, primarily the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) pathway, were associated with these sex-bias methylations in the placenta as well as fetal brain. Transcriptional crosstalk among the epiclock and GnRHR pathway genes was evident in the placenta that was maintained in the brain during development as well as aging. Collectively, these findings suggest that sex differences in the aging of brain are of fetal origin and epigenetically linked to the placenta.
Unraveling the Enzymatic Mechanism of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent-RNA-Polymerase. An Unusual Active Site Leading to High Replication Rates
Authors: Bignon Emmanuelle , Monari Antonio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractViral infection relies on the hijacking of cellular machineries to enforce the reproduction of the infecting virus and its subsequent diffusion. In this context the replication of the viral genome is a key step performed by specific enzymes, i.e. polymerases. The replication of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemics, is based on the duplication of its RNA genome, an action performed by the viral RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase. In this contribution, for the first time and by using two-dimensional enhanced sampling quantum mechanics/ molecular mechanics, we have determined the chemical mechanisms leading to the inclusion of a nucleotide in the nascent viral RNA strand. We prove the high efficiency of the polymerase, which lowers the activation free energy to less than 10 kcal/mol. Furthermore, the SARS-CoV-2 polymerase active site is slightly different from those found usually found in other similar enzymes, and particularly it lacks the possibility to enforce a proton shuttle via a nearby histidine. Our simulations show that this absence is partially compensate by lysine, whose proton assist the reaction opening up an alternative, but highly efficient, reactive channel. Our results present the first mechanistic resolution of SARS-CoV-2 genome replication and shed light on unusual enzymatic reactivity paving the way for future rational design of antivirals targeting emerging RNA viruses.
Global chromatin mobility induced by a DSB is dictated by chromosomal conformation and defines the outcome of Homologous Recombination
Authors: Fernandez Fabiola Garcia , Almayrac Etienne , Simon Ànnia Carré , Batrin Renaud , Khalil Yasmine , Boissac Michel , Fabre Emmanuelle 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRepair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is crucial for genome integrity. A conserved response to DSBs is an increase in chromatin mobility that can be local, at the site of the DSB, or global, at undamaged regions of the genome. Here we address the function of global chromatin mobility during homologous recombination (HR) of a single, targeted, controlled DSB. We set up a system that tracks HR in vivo over time and show that two types of DSB-induced global chromatin mobility are involved in HR, depending on the position of the DSB. In spatial proximal regions such as the pericentromeric region, a DSB therein induces global mobility that depends solely on H2A(X) phosphorylation and accelerates repair kinetics, but is not essential. In contrast, the global mobility induced by a DSB away from the centromere, becomes essential for HR repair and is triggered by homology search through a mechanism that depends on H2A(X) phosphorylation, checkpoint progression and Rad51. Our data demonstrate that global mobility is governed by chromosomal conformation and differentially coordinates repair by HR.
Telomeres are shorter in wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates than in domesticated ones
Authors: D’Angiolo Melania , Yue Jia-Xing , De Chiara Matteo , Barré Benjamin P. , Panis Marie-Josèphe Giraud , Gilson Eric , Liti Gianni 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTelomeres are ribonucleoproteins that cap chromosome-ends and their DNA length is controlled by counteracting elongation and shortening processes. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a leading model to study telomere DNA length control and dynamics. Its telomeric DNA is maintained at a length that slightly varies between laboratory strains, but little is known about its variation at the species level. The recent publication of the genomes of over 1000 S. cerevisiae strains enabled us to explore telomere DNA length variation at an unprecedented scale. Here, we developed a bioinformatic pipeline (YeaISTY) to estimate telomere DNA length from whole-genome-sequences and applied it to the sequenced 1011 S. cerevisiae collection. Our results revealed broad natural telomere DNA length variation among the isolates. Notably, telomere DNA length is shorter in those derived from wild rather than domesticated environments. Wild isolates are enriched in loss-of-function mutations in genes known to regulate telomere DNA length and the return of domesticated yeasts to a wild habitat coincides with shorter telomeres. Moreover, telomere DNA length variation is associated with mitochondrial metabolism, and this association is driven by wild strains. Overall, these findings suggest that budding yeasts’ telomere DNA length regulation might be shaped by ecological life-styles.
De novo stem cell establishment in meristems requires repression of organ boundary cell fate
Authors: Nicolas Antoine , Maugarny-Calès Aude , Adroher Bernard , Chelysheva Liudmila , Li Yu , Burguet Jasmine , Bågman Anne-Maarit , Smit Margot E. , Brady Siobhan M. , Li Yunhai , Laufs Patrick 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTStem cells play important roles in animal and plant biology as they sustain morphogenesis and tissue replenishment following aging or injuries. In plants, stem cells are embedded in multicellular structures called meristems and the formation of new meristems is essential for the plastic expansion of the highly branched shoot and root systems. In particular, axillary meristems that produce lateral shoots arise from the division of boundary domain cells at the leaf base. The CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) genes are major determinants of the boundary domain and are required for axillary meristem initiation. However, how axillary meristems get structured and how stem cells become established de novo remains elusive. Here, we show that two NGATHA-LIKE transcription factors, DPA4 and SOD7, redundantly repress CUC expression in the initiating axillary meristem. Ectopic boundary fate leads to abnormal growth and organisation of the axillary meristem and prevents de novo stem cell establishment. Floral meristems of the dpa4 sod7 double mutant show a similar delay in stem cell de novo establishment. Altogether, while boundary fate is required for the initiation of axillary meristems, our work reveals how it is later repressed to allow proper meristem establishment and de novo stem cell niche formation.
Canonical BMP2/4 signaling degrades SOX2 in glioblastoma propagating cells
Authors: Cimadamore Flavio , Amador-Arjona Alejandro , Farhy Chen , Huang Chun-Teng , Kornblum Harley , Terskikh Alexey V. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThe effect of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) on glioblastoma propagation cells (GPCs) is being debated [1-5]. We observed that exposure of GPCs to BMP2/4 initiates a rapid proteasomal degradation of the pluripotency factor SOX2 followed by the differentiation of GPCs into glial cells using 5 primary human glioblastoma lines tested. Enforced expression of SOX2 in GPCs antagonized BMP2/4-induced gliogenesis and reduction of proliferation. Both outcomes are consistent with the role of SOX2 in normal neurogenesis [6-8]. Using gene expression analysis, we observed that level of SOX2 in different glioblastoma lines tracks with the levels of oncogenes H/K/N-RAS and OLIG2. Our work provides support for BMP2/4-SOX2 axis in GPCs and points to the proteasome-regulated degradation of SOX2 that initiates glycogenic differentiation similar to that observed during normal development [6, 7]. Our work supports a potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies aimed at differentiation of GPC into non-tumorigenic glia.
Taking gender ideologies seriously in climate change mitigation: a case study of Taiwan
Authors: Hung Li-San , Bayrak Mucahid Mustafa 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between gender ideologies and the motivation to mitigate climate change among a sample (N = 663) representative of the Taiwanese population, taking into account the different aspects of gender ideology measures and the multidimensionality of gender ideologies.

Design/methodology/approach
A landline-based telephone survey in Taiwan was used to collect research data. Pearson correlations were used to determine the associations between gender ideologies and motivation to mitigate climate change, and multiple regression analysis was performed to determine whether gender ideology measures were predictors for motivation to mitigate climate change.

Findings
The results suggested that the relationships between gender ideologies and mitigation motivation are complex, and that both traditional and egalitarian views of gender ideologies, measured using different scales, are positively associated with motivation. The dynamics of relationships among subgroups divided by gender and marital status need to be considered, as the relationships between gender ideologies and motivation are salient for unmarried individuals as well as married females.

Research limitations/implications
The findings support the premise that gender ideologies play an essential and complex role in individual climate change mitigation behaviors.

Originality/value
This is the first study that systematically examined the relationships between gender ideologies and motivation to mitigate climate change.
Factors that affect the adoption of RFID in the Saudi logistics industry: an empirical investigation
Authors: Mahdaly Khulood , Adeinat Iman 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the factors that affect the adoption of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology in Saudi Arabia’s logistics services industry. The specific focus is the influence of key variables in multiple domains: technology (complexity and compatibility); organization (top management support, firm size, quality of human capital and integration of supply chain strategy); and environment (information intensity, competitive pressure, trading partner pressure and regulatory pressure).Design/methodology/approachData were obtained by distributing a survey instrument to a target sample of 459 Saudi logistics company employees whose positions meant they were well placed to explain the operations and technologies used in their organizations. In total, 459 useable responses were received, which also constituted the final sample for the analysis. The survey was validated using confirmatory factor analysis, and the study hypothesis was tested using binary logistic regression.FindingsOf the firms represented in the data collected, 70% had not adopted RFID technology. Cost issues, technical issues and lack of industry standards were identified as the main factors hindering the decision to adopt RFID. The results of the binary logistic regression show that top management support, quality of human capital, firm size and trading partner pressure are the variables that most influence whether or not a firm adopts RFID technology.Practical implicationsAccording to the analysis, it is imperative that the industry adopt RFID given that this technology can provide strategic and operational advantages. Based on the findings, small and medium enterprises in the logistics services industry require governmental support in terms of providing funding, training and a supportive regulatory environment. Support of this nature would encourage logistics services companies to adopt new technology and move toward applying the global standards developed in the industry to date. Finally, in order to execute a clear and complete strategy across the supply chain, companies must collaborate with trading partners in implementing RFID.Originality/valueThe body of research on emerging markets does not include any empirical studies focused on the adoption of new technologies and innovation in the supply chain. Although researchers discuss applications of technologies in operational and supply chain processes across multiple industries, most of the published research on RFID technology focuses on European and North American contexts. This study is, therefore, much needed for its fundamental contribution to identifying and understanding the factors that affect RFID adoption decisions in emerging markets.
Are informal female workers better? Determinants of job stress on physical symptoms with risk-taking mental health stigma: a convergent-parallel approach
Authors: Daovisan Hanvedes , Mamom Jinpitcha 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
Lao PDR is a developing country with increasing female participation in the informal labour market. However, these informal female workers are often emotionally and physically drained due to stress in the workplace. This study aims to examine the determinants of job stress on physical symptoms associated with the mental health stigma of informal female workers in Lao PDR.

Design/methodology/approach
A convergent parallel approach was used with 1,037 structured interviews and 15 in-depth interviews between October 2017 and June 2019. Fractional response regression was used to analyse the quantitative data and thematic analysis to analyse the qualitative data.

Findings
The quantitative data showed a positive effect on job stress and physical symptoms associated with mental health stigma. The qualitative data illustrated that job characteristics, work environment, time pressure, job control, complexity related to workload, physical working conditions and physical demand were associated with emotional distress, depressive symptoms and long-term self-stigma.

Practical implications
The study findings provide guidance for developing strategies for female workers in an informal economy to help mitigate the impacts of job stress related to physical symptoms and mental health stigma.

Originality/value
This study offers a deeper understanding of the emotional and physical stress experienced by informal female workers in the workplace in Lao PDR, showing that job stress due to the physical workload leads to mental health stigma.
CEO Narcissism and Global Performance Variance in Multinational Enterprises: The Roles of Foreign Direct Investment Risk‐Taking and Business Group Affiliation
Authors: Lee Jeoung Yul , Ha Yoo Jung , Wei Yingqi , Sarala Riikka M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examines key mechanisms through which CEO narcissism influences global performance variance in the context of Asian emerging market multinational enterprises. Building on the contextual reinforcement model of narcissism and the cushion hypothesis, we focus on the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) risk‐taking and business group affiliation (BGA). We test our moderated mediation model on data from 149 South Korean multinational enterprises from 2006 to 2016. The results show that CEO narcissism is positively associated with FDI risk‐taking. The effect of CEO narcissism on global performance variance is mediated by FDI risk‐taking. Furthermore, BGA moderates the above‐mentioned relationships. Our findings offer important contributions to the international business and CEO narcissism literatures.