bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
035 Brain tumours and sociodemographic factors: a review
Authors: Vidot Micha , Wu Kit , Mitchell James W , Nitkunan Arani , Carr Georgina 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundTo improve equity of service, in line with the aspirations of public policy across the UK, it is imperative that we understand how sociodemographic factors affect management and care of brain tumours.AimsTo describe the relationship between sociodemographic factors and the epidemiology, clinical factors, diagnosis, treatment, patient experience and outcomes for people with brain tumours.MethodsWe conducted a focused review of published literature from 2000 to 2021, exploring brain tumours and each of the patient protected characteristics, as outlined in the Equality Act 2010, in addition to other factors such as socioeconomic status, education and employment. Paediatric CNS tumours were excluded.ResultsThere is much research exploring the characteristics age, sex and gender, and race. However, minimal data is found discussing disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy, religion and beliefs, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, settlement status, education and employment.DiscussionIncidence and prevalence of brain tumours is based upon the tumour type, with better diag- nostic imaging and testing we are also seeing an increase in diagnosis due to better detection. Some modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been identified, however a better understanding of all characteristics may help improve patient outcomes and access to care.
036 A GWAS of LGI1-antibody encephalitis
Authors: Binks Sophie , Elliott Kate , Sempere Vicente , Castrillo Sergio Muñiz , Ambati Aditya , Harper Andrew , Honnorat Jerome , Mignot Emmanuel , Knight Julian , Irani Sarosh 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionPatients with encephalitis with antibodies to leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1-Ab-E) are typically elderly males with a distinct phenotype, and ~90% carry the class II major histocompatibility (MHC) allele, DRB1*07:01. This allele is found in ~25% of healthy controls, suggesting other genetic and environmental disease factors operate in patients with LGI1-Ab-E. Yet, a previous genome-wide associa- tion study did not find variants attaining genome-wide significance outside the MHC region.MethodsLGI1-Ab-E patients were genome-wide genotyped with standard arrays. Missing variants were imputed using Minimac4 and the Haplotype Reference Consortium panel. Population-matched controls were selected from UK Biobank. Genetic association with LGI1-Ab-E was determined with PLINK, SNPTEST and GWAMA and processed using bespoke bioinformatics pipelines.The discovery cohort of 131 French patients (92 men; 70%) was population-matched with 2613 controls (957 men; 36.6%): >6 million SNPs remained after quality control (lambda 1.04). The validation cohort comprises 97 US/UK cases (66 men; 68%) and 1940 matched controls (882 men; 45%), >5 million variants and lambda of 1.ResultsWe replicated the MHC association (rs2858869, p=3.371e-52 in the discovery cohort;rs2858870, p=1.085e-54 in the validation cohort) and will report the extent of non-MHC associations currently under- going bioinformatic assessment and validation.
038 Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome in ataxia-telangiectasia patients
Authors: Tiet May Yung , Rittman Timothy , Horvath Rita , Hensiek Anke 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundCognitive function in Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) has been reported in few studies. The cer- ebellum is increasingly recognised as a pivotal structure in cognition and Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS) has been observed in AT. Here, we report on cognitive studies in adult AT patients.MethodsWe performed cognitive assessments on an adult AT cohort and healthy volunteers. We assessed patients using the CCAS Scale, Mini Linguistic State Examination (MLSE) and the Test Your Memory (TYM) assessment. A nominated carer completed the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory Revised (CBI-R). AT patients were also assessed for severity of neurological symptoms using Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and Inventory of Non-Ataxia Signs (INAS).ResultsOur interim analysis confirms Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome in the adult AT cohort. AT patients showed deficits primarily in tasks relying on executive function: semantic and phonemic fluency, category switching, digit span and affect. There were language deficits in motor speech and phonologi- cal errors greater than syntax or semantic errors.ConclusionsOur large-scale cross-sectional study demonstrates the presence of cognitive dysfunction in AT affecting executive function, motor language function, and affect. We advocate routine cognitive assessment in AT patients as part of their clinical care.
039 Solriamfetol real world experience study (SURWEY): safety and effectiveness for patients with narcolepsy from Germany
Authors: Kallweit Ulf , Winter Yaroslav , Kotterba Sylvia , Benes Heike , Burghaus Lothar , Koch Andreas , Girfoglio Daniela , Setanoians Melinda , Mayer Geert 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionSolriamfetol is a dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor approved in the EU for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) associated with narcolepsy. This real-world study characterises outcomes following solriamfetol initiation.MethodsSURWEY is an ongoing retrospective chart review (Germany, France, Italy). Patients (≥18 years old, EDS due to narcolepsy, stable solriamfetol dose, ≥6 weeks of treatment) were classified by solriamfe- tol initiation: changeover (from existing EDS medications), add-on (to current EDS medication), or new- to-therapy (no current/prior EDS medication). Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores, patient/physician impressions of improvement, and adverse events (AEs) were assessed.ResultsAmong 78 German patients (36.9±13.9 years old; 56% female, 57% with cataplexy), changeo- ver was most common (n=43), followed by add-on (n=19) and new-to-therapy (n=8). Final follow-up was 15.9±7.0 weeks after initiation. Overall, ESS scores were 17.6±3.1 (n=61) at initiation and 13.6±3.8 at follow-up (n=51), indicating improvement of EDS (improvements similar across subgroups). Most patients perceived slight/strong improvements in their condition (physician report, 94%; patient report, 91%; results similar across subgroups). Common AEs: headache (9%), decreased appetite (6%), insomnia (6%).ConclusionIn this real-world cohort of German patients with narcolepsy, EDS improved across all subgroups with solriamfetol treatment. AEs were consistent with those reported in clinical trials.SupportJazz Pharmaceuticals.
048 Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease surveillance and patient care in the UK
Authors: Watson Neil , Kirby Jack , Kurudzhu Hatice , Leitch Margaret , MacKenzie Janet , Smith-Bathgate Blaire , Smith Colin , Summers David , Green Alison , Pal Suvankar 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is lethal and transmissible. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on UK CJD surveillance. We hypothesised: i) disruptions prolonged diagnostic latency, ii) autopsy rates declined, and iii) COVID-19 infection negatively affected diagnosis, care and survival.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the first year of the pandemic, using the preceding year as a comparator, quantifying numbers of individuals assessed by the UK National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU) for suspected CJD, time-to-diagnosis, disease duration and autopsy rates. We evaluated the impact of COVID-19 status on diagnosis, care and survival in CJD.Results148 individuals were diagnosed with CJD in the pandemic (from a total of 166 individuals assessed) compared to 141 in the comparator (from 145 assessed). No differences were identified in disease duration or time-to-diagnosis. Autopsy rates were unchanged. 20 individuals had COVID-19; 60% were symptomatic and 10% had severe disease. Disruptions to diagnosis and care were frequently identified. 40% of COVID-19 positive individuals died, however COVID-19 status did not significantly alter survival duration in CJD.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has not impacted UK CJD case ascertainment or survival but diagnostic evaluation and clinical care of individuals have been affected.
Perceived impact of equality and equity in medical education by junior doctors in the UK
Authors: Massey Lisa , Siddiqui Muhammed Rafay , Shirazi Shalini , Hayes Catherine , Graham Yitka , Vig Stella 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

This exploratory study was undertaken to provide an insight into issues of equality and equity that UK junior doctors perceive in relation to being able to achieve a work–life balance within educational and clinical practice. A survey with 443 junior doctors was conducted between May 2018 and September 2019. Thematic analysis of open question responses alongside correlative analyses were used to highlight issues in equity and equality faced by junior doctors. The survey revealed 77% were junior doctors in Health Education England (HEE) posts. 59% were noti n personal relationships, 60% had no children, 38% perceived the national recruitment process as helpful and 70% perceived HEE did not impact on their training. 72% had no personal barriers and 77% felt the role eas not a barrier. 1% identified no barriers. The research raised important implications for redress of equality and equity issues for all within inclusive postgraduate training in the UK.

Key messages

What is already known on this topic

What this study adds

How the study might affect research, practice and policy

Main messages

Emergent research questions
Minimal embedding of the Standard Model into intersecting D-brane configurations with a bulk leptonic U(1)
Authors: Antoniadis I. , Rondeau F. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt has been recently shown that the discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental values of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon can be fully accommodated by considering the contribution of few Kaluza–Klein (KK) states of the gauged lepton number with masses lighter than the LEP energy, consistently with present experimental limits. In this article, we construct the minimal embedding of the Standard Model (SM) into D-brane configurations with a gauged lepton number. In order to give rise to such KK modes, the lepton number gauge boson must live on an abelian $$U(1)_L$$

U

(
1
)

L

brane extended along at least one “large” extra dimension in the bulk, with a compactification scale $$M_L\sim {\mathcal {O}}(10{-}10^2~\mathrm{GeV})$$

M
L

∼
O

(
10
-

10
2

GeV
)

for a string scale $$M_s\gtrsim 10~\mathrm{TeV}$$

M
s

≳
10

TeV

. As a consequence, $$U(1)_L$$

U

(
1
)

L

cannot participate to the hypercharge linear combination. We show that the minimal realisation of this framework contains five stacks of branes: the SM color $$U(3)_c$$

U

(
3
)

c

, weak $$U(2)_w$$

U

(
2
)

w

and abelian U(1) stacks extended effectively only in four dimensions, the bulk $$U(1)_L$$

U

(
1
)

L

, as well as a fifth $$U(1)^{'}$$

U

(
1
)

′

brane. With these five abelian factors, one finds besides the hypercharge a second anomaly-free linear combination which does not couple to the SM spectrum, both in the non-supersymmetric case as well as in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the model. It is also shown how the right-handed neutrino can be implemented in the spectrum, and how fermions arising from the two non-SM branes and coupled to the SM through the $$U(1)_L$$

U

(
1
)

L

KK modes can provide Dark Matter candidates. Finally, the possibility of breaking Lepton Flavour Universality is studied by replacing $$U(1)_L$$

U

(
1
)

L

with a brane gauging only the muonic lepton number, avoiding most experimental constraints and enlarging the parameter space for explaining the discrepancy on the muon magnetic moment.
An integrated study of core and borehole image data: palaeokarst development in late Permian siliceous dolomites and the structural evolution of the Loppa High from the Gohta discovery well, SW Barents Shelf
Authors: Gutteridge Peter , Garland Joanna , Rameil Niels , Charnock Mike , Polonio Martín Israel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

The Gohta discovery well 7120/1-3, drilled on the Loppa High in the SW Barents Shelf in northern Norway encountered a meteoric karst system hosted by the late Permian lower Røye Formation that formed during a period of sub-Triassic exposure. The karst system is preserved as a series of interbedded collapse breccias representing formerly open palaeocaves, matrix-rich breccias that represent palaeocave fills with
in situ
and reworked stalactites and stalagmites. Layers of ‘Swiss cheese’ texture are interpreted as zones of dissolution in marine-meteoric mixing zones that may have controlled the levels of palaeocave development within the Gohta structure. These other cavities and the matrix of karst breccias were infilled by layered fine doloarenite matrix interpreted as an internal fill generated by collapse. This was followed by a later matrix of dark grey argillaceous mudstone that is interpreted as an external fill that pre-dates the overlying Klappmyss Formation.

The karst system has undergone complex early diagenesis that includes extensive dissolution, early leaching of silica, the precipitation of pyrite on internal surfaces and sediment and the precipitation of carbonate and silica as speleothems and vadose cement.

A borehole imaging log (BIL) was run across the lower Røye and Triassic Klappmyss formations, including the cored interval that provides a record of inclination and azimuth of the karst fills and
in situ
Røye Formation. The core provides information about the origin and timing of the different karst fills, and the BIL provides information about their azimuth and inclination. This integrated use of core and BIL data allows the incremental tilting history of the Loppa High structure during exposure to be reconstructed. At present, the Gohta structure has a finite tilt of 5–10° to the SE. The plunge of
in situ
stalagmites and stalactites suggests that the karst system was initiated while the Røye Formation was slightly tilted to SE. The dip of karst components and the host stratigraphy indicate several phases of incremental tilting during deposition of the doloarenite and argillaceous mudstone karst matrix. There appears to have been a reversal of tilt of the Gohta structure prior to its onlap by the Klappmyss Formation.
FPGA-based Acceleration of Time Series Similarity Prediction: From Cloud to Edge
Authors: Kalantar Amin , Zimmerman Zachary , Brisk Philip 
Published: August 2022

With the proliferation of low-cost sensors and the Internet of Things, the rate of producing data far exceeds the compute and storage capabilities of today’s infrastructure. Much of this data takes the form of time series, and in response, there has been increasing interest in the creation of time series archives in the past decade, along with the development and deployment of novel analysis methods to process the data. The general strategy has been to apply a plurality of similarity search mechanisms to various subsets and subsequences of time series data to identify repeated patterns and anomalies; however, the computational demands of these approaches renders them incompatible with today’s power-constrained embedded CPUs.
To address this challenge, we present FA-LAMP, an FPGA-accelerated implementation of the Learned Approximate Matrix Profile (LAMP) algorithm, which predicts the correlation between streaming data sampled in real-time and a representative time series dataset used for training. FA-LAMP lends itself as a real-time solution for time series analysis problems such as classification. We present the implementation of FA-LAMP on both edge- and cloud-based prototypes. On the edge devices, FA-LAMP integrates accelerated computation as close as possible to IoT sensors, thereby eliminating the need to transmit and store data in the cloud for posterior analysis. On the cloud-based accelerators, FA-LAMP can execute multiple LAMP models on the same board, allowing simultaneous processing of incoming data from multiple data sources across a network.
LAMP employs a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for prediction. This work investigates the challenges and limitations of deploying CNNs on FPGAs using the Xilinx Deep Learning Processor Unit (DPU) and the Vitis AI development environment. We expose several technical limitations of the DPU, while providing a mechanism to overcome them by attaching custom IP block accelerators to the architecture. We evaluate FA-LAMP using a low-cost Xilinx Ultra96-V2 FPGA as well as a cloud-based Xilinx Alveo U280 accelerator card and measure their performance against a prototypical LAMP deployment running on a Raspberry Pi 3, an Edge TPU, a GPU, a desktop CPU, and a server-class CPU. In the edge scenario, the Ultra96-V2 FPGA improved performance and energy consumption compared to the Raspberry Pi; in the cloud scenario, the server CPU and GPU outperformed the Alveo U280 accelerator card, while the desktop CPU achieved comparable performance; however, the Alveo card offered an order of magnitude lower energy consumption compared to the other four platforms. Our implementation is publicly available at https://github.com/aminiok1/lamp-alveo.
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS AND THEIR METHODS OF CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Audah Kholis 
Published: August 2022

Protein-protein interactions are ubiquitous biological phenomena in all types of organism and play vital roles in various metabolic processes. Therefore, it is very important to understand how protein-protein interactions take place and govern different mechanisms at cellular and molecular levels. Thus, determination of protein-protein interactions is the key in elucidating such mechanisms. In order to provide adequate knowledge and guidance in selecting appropriate methods to determine protein-protein interactions, this article will review basic principles, definitions, terminologies, parameters and classification of protein-protein interactions, obtained either from in silico or laboratory experimental works. Some examples of commonly used biochemical and biophysical methods for characterization of protein-protein interactions were also discussed.
The Provenance of Ancient Cotton and Wool Textiles from Nubia: Insights from Technical Textile Analysis and Strontium Isotopes
Authors: Wozniak Magdalena M. , Belka Zdzislaw 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Late antique and medieval cotton and wool textiles found in the middle Nile Valley (Nubia, northern Sudan) were analysed for their technical characteristics and strontium (Sr) isotope composition. All wool textiles exhibit Sr isotope signatures consistent with the isotopic background of the region studied and are considered to be of local origin. However, a medieval wool kilim from Meinarti shows technical and aesthetic features suggesting its foreign Maghreb provenance. As this fabric dates back to the occupation of Meinarti by the Beni Ikrima tribe, it is suggested that the kilim was woven by the Beni Ikrima people from local Nubian raw material. The cotton samples tested come from abroad and document trade with the oases of the Egyptian Western Desert, the west coast of India, and perhaps also with the Arabian Peninsula or Pakistan.
Practices of (Micro)Marronage
Authors: Witcher Aaron Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
While marronage has come to symbolize paradigmatic resistance to slavery, and by extension colonialism, its primary sense—that of flight from the plantation—has not sufficiently attended to the modes of resistance employed by enslaved women who enacted other, multitudinous forms of marronage. Yet, by foregrounding the experiences of enslaved women in her novel Humus, Fabienne Kanor broadens and reconceptualizes marronage to include figurative modes of “flight” which occur within the plantation space. Through the figures of the domestic and manbo (Vodou priestess), Kanor shows how praxes effected by enslaved women—in the form of espionage, direct confrontation with Whites, or the cultural transplantation of Vodou—resisted, to the same end as literal flight, the social and cultural erasure of the plantation and its consequent dehumanization of the enslaved.
Sources of Stochasticity in the Growth of Cloud Droplets: Supersaturation Fluctuations versus Turbulent Transport
Authors: Prabhakaran Prasanth , Thomas Subin , Cantrell Will , Shaw Raymond A. , Yang Fan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The role played by fluctuations of supersaturation in the growth of cloud droplets is examined in this study. The stochastic condensation framework and the three regimes of activation of cloud droplets— namely, mean dominant, fluctuation influenced, and fluctuation dominant—are used for analyzing the data from high-resolution large-eddy simulations of the Pi convection-cloud chamber. Based on a detailed budget analysis the significance of all the terms in the evolution of the droplet size distribution equation is evaluated in all three regimes. The analysis indicates that the mean-growth rate is a dominant process in shaping the droplet size distribution in all three regimes. Turbulence introduces two sources of stochasticity, turbulent transport and particle lifetime, and supersaturation fluctuations. The transport of cloud droplets plays an important role in all three regimes, whereas the direct effect of supersaturation fluctuations is primarily related to the activation and growth of the small droplets in the fluctuation-influenced and fluctuation-dominant regimes. We compare our results against the previous studies (experimental and theory) of the Pi chamber, and discuss the limitations of the existing models based on the stochastic condensation framework. Furthermore, we extend the discussion of our results to atmospheric clouds, and in particular focus on recent adiabatic turbulent cloud parcel simulations based on the stochastic condensation framework, and emphasize the importance of entrainment/mixing and turbulent transport in shaping the droplet size distribution.
Fair-Weather Atmospheric Charge Measurements with a Small UAS
Authors: Schön Martin , Nicoll Keri Anne , Büchau Yann Georg , Chindea Stefan , Platis Andreas , Bange Jens 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Atmospheric electricity measurements made from small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are rare but are of increasing interest to the atmospheric science community due to the information that they can provide about aerosol and turbulence characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Here we present the first analysis of a new dataset of space charge and meteorology measurements made from the small, electric, fixed-wing UAS model MASC-3. Two distinct experiments are discussed: 1) Flights past a 99 m metal tower to test the response of the charge sensor to a fixed distortion of the electric field caused by the geometry of the tower. Excellent agreement is found between the charge sensor response from the MASC-3 and modeled electric field around the tower. 2) Vertical profiles up to an altitude of 2500 m to study the evolution of the ABL with the time of day. These flights demonstrated close agreement between the space charge profiles and temperature, relative humidity, and turbulence parameters, as would be expected on a fair-weather day with summertime convection. Maximum values of space charge measured were of order 70 pC m−3, comparable with other measurements in the literature from balloon platforms. These measurements demonstrate the suitability of small UAS for atmospheric electrical measurements, provided that care is taken over the choice of aircraft platform, sensor placement, minimization of electrical interference, and careful choice of the flight path. Such aircraft are typically more cost-effective than manned aircraft and are being increasingly used for atmospheric science purposes.