bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who initiates price competition when generic entrants are introduced into the South Korean pharmaceutical market?
Authors: Son Kyung-Bok 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundPrice competition has the potential to reduce health expenditures without hindering pharmaceutical innovation. However, empirical evidence on price competition after generic drugs are introduced is scarce. This study investigates product- and substance-level determinants of price competition following the entry of generics into the South Korean market.MethodsWe selected substances that were approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety from 2000 to 2019, linked their corresponding pharmaceutical products, measured the degree of price competition under various scenarios, and utilized multilevel analysis to investigate the determinants of price competition.ResultsA total of 986 substances and 12,109 corresponding pharmaceutical products were identified. Only 11% of products were affected by price competition in the 10% scenario. However, the number increased to 43% when we measured price competition at the substance level. Major domestic manufacturers mainly initiated price competition at the product level, while foreign manufacturers were reluctant to initiate price competition. At the substance level, the maximum reimbursement price was a significant determinant of price competition.ConclusionPrice competition at the product level is rare in South Korea. In contrast, the market is quite price competitive at the substance level. Policy options could be introduced to encourage “discounted generic” substitution in an effort to maximize the effects of price competition at the substance level. Major domestic manufacturers are essential in the introduction of discounted generics into the South Korean health system.
The way forward to achieve high COVID-19 vaccination and revaccination coverage in a city amid a period of tranquility
Authors: Kwok Kin On , Li Kin Kit , Leung Cyrus Lap Kwan , Tang Arthur , Chan Emily Ying Yang , Tsoi Margaret Ting Fong , Wei Wan In , McNeil Edward B. , Wong Samuel Yeung Shan 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundAmid the current COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need for both vaccination and revaccination (“boosting”). This study aims to identify factors associated with the intention to receive a booster dose of the coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine among individuals vaccinated with two doses and characterize their profiles in Hong Kong, a city with a low COVID-19 incidence in the initial epidemic waves. Among the unvaccinated, vaccination intention is also explored and their profiles are investigated.MethodsFrom December 2021 - January 2022, an online survey was employed to recruit 856 Hong Kong residents aged 18 years or over from an established population-based cohort. Latent class analysis and multivariate logistic regression modeling approaches were used to characterize boosting intentions.ResultsOf 638 (74.5%) vaccinated among 856 eligible subjects, 42.2% intended to receive the booster dose. Four distinct profiles emerged with believers having the highest intention, followed by apathetics, fence-sitters and skeptics. Believers were older and more likely to have been vaccinated against influenza. Older age, smoking, experiencing no adverse effects from a previous COVID-19 vaccination, greater confidence in vaccines and collective responsibility, and fewer barriers in accessing vaccination services were associated with higher intentions to receive the booster dose. Of 218 unvaccinated, most were fence-sitters followed by apathetics, skeptics, and believers.ConclusionThis study foretells the booster intended uptake lagging initial vaccination across different age groups and can help refine the current or future booster vaccination campaign. Given the fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose may be offered to all adults, strategies for improving boosting uptake include policies targeting young adults, individuals who experienced adverse effects from previous doses, fence-sitters, apathetics, and the general public with low trust in the health authorities.
Using 5 consecutive years of NICE guidance to describe the characteristics and influencing factors on the economic evaluation of orphan oncology drugs
Authors: Shengnan Duan , Zixuan Lv , Na Zhou , Weikai Zhu , Yuanyuan Yi , Jiasu Liu , Ni Yuan 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveOrphan oncology drugs used in this article were defined by the type of disease treated by drugs, as drugs used to treat rare diseases with a prevalence of ≤ 500 per million people per year. In this article, our concern was to explore focus on the economic evaluation of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), when orphan oncology drugs were appraised for reimbursement, and provide advice and suggestions to decision-makers.MethodsA retrospective study was used in this study. Thirty guidance were gathered as our subject by NICE from 2016 to 2020, excluded drugs were not identified as orphan by European Medicines Agency (EMA) and orphan drugs were not used for cancer, and orphan oncology drugs were terminated at the time of data collection at NICE. Qualitative analysis, descriptive statistics, and Fisher's exact test were conducted.ResultsOf all guidance, the partitioned survival model was used most to appraise orphan oncology drugs, and every drug had a kind of commercial arrangement such as patient access scheme (PAS), managed access arrangements (MAAs), and commercial access agreement (CAAs). End of life is an important indicator that had been defined by NICE in the methods of technology appraisal in 2013, and drugs that met the criterion would be given a higher threshold of ICER. In addition, we found that potential health benefits were increasingly concerned such as drug delivery.ConclusionIn the setting of uncertain clinical and cost efficacy, orphan oncology drugs are comprehensively evaluated in multiple additional dimensions, which include life-extending benefits, and innovation. NICE uses a combination of special considerations for incomplete data, appropriate economic models, and appropriate health technology assessment (HTA) methods during the assessment process, besides, orphan oncology drugs with insufficiency evidence were recommended Cancer Drugs fund (CDF) to afford for patients, which would obtain more availability and accessibility, based on which, high-quality drugs for treating rare cancers can fall within the scope of affordable healthcare provided by the English medical insurance fund.
Circulating (1 → 3)-β-D-Glucan as an immune activation marker decreased after ART in people living with HIV
Authors: Xun Jingna , Guo Shuyan , Xu Yumin , Chen Rong , Tang Qi , Zhang Xinyu , Liu Danping , Zhang Renfang , Shen Yinzhong , Liu Li , Wan Jiangrong , Chen Jun , Lu Hongzhou 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundPlasma level of polysaccharide (1 → 3)-β-D-Glucan (βDG), as a diagnostic marker of invasive fungal infection has been reported to be elevated in people living with HIV (PLWH). We assessed the association of circulating βDG to inflammation and systemic immune activation and the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on βDG in PLWH.MethodPlasma and peripheral blood monocular cell samples from 120 PLWH naive to ART and after 1 year's ART were collected. Plasma levels of βDG, markers of bacterial translocation, gut damage, and cellular immune activation were quantified.ResultThe plasma βDG levels were negatively correlated with CD4+ T cells count (r = −0.25, p = 0.005) and positively with HIV viral load (r = 0.28, p = 0.002) before ART. It was also positively correlated with immune activation markers, including PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cell (r = 0.40, p = 0.01) and CD8+ T cell (r = 0.47, p = 0.002), as well as HLADR+CD38+ co-expression on CD8+ T cell (r = 0.56, p = 0.0002), but not with the plasma levels of LPS (r = 0.02, p = 0.84), LPS binding protein (LBP, r = 0.11, p = 0.36), soluble LPS receptor sCD14 (r = 0.04, p = 0.68), intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP, r = −0.12, p = 0.18), and regenerating islet-derived protein 3α (REG3α, r = 0.18, p = 0.06). After 1 year's ART, the levels of βDG were significantly decreased compared to that in pre-ART (1.31 ± 0.24 Log10 pg/ml vs. 1.39 ± 0.18 Log10 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThe level of plasma βDG was associated with cellular immune activation and decreased after ART in PLWH, suggesting it could serve as a biomarker of immune activation and efficacy monitoring.
The positive aspects of caregiving in dementia: A scoping review and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Xuelian , Liu Weichu , Yang Bing , Zhao Qinghua , Lü Yang , Xiao Mingzhao 
Published: September 2022

PurposeThe increasing incidence of dementia and home-based care exposes family caregivers to a variety of challenges as they endure strong stressors underlying the caregiver role. Despite growing publications on positive aspects of caregiving in dementia, few studies have identified the extent, nature, and gaps in the existing literature based on a holistic view. The aim was to identify key issues and a holistic view of literature regarding positive aspects of caregiving in dementia.MethodsA scoping review was conducted underlying a five-stage framework by Arksey and O'Malley. Five databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science, were searched, and references were listed accordingly. Data were extracted by two researchers, comprising article characteristics, forms of positive aspects of caregiving and measurements, theories, forms of dementia and family caregiver, and keywords. Descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis were performed to analyze data. Network analysis of keywords and authors was conducted using VOSviewer software. Word cloud analysis of titles was examined by NVivo.ResultsThe review included 230 articles, most of which have been published in the last decade (62.61%). Most articles (40.00%) were contributed by the United States. Cross-sectional studies (41.30%) ranked first, followed by qualitative studies (13.48%). Over a quarter of the literature (28.26%) focused on Alzheimer's care, and nearly 90% included all forms of family caregivers. The Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale and stress coping theory were most frequently cited. Four clusters dominated by Casey D, Quinn C, Joling KJ, and Teahan A were identified in the network of co-authorship. Six themes were identified: current situations of caregiver experiences, antecedents, consequences, measurement development, effects of interventions, and the concept of positive aspects of caregiving. These were in line with network analysis of keywords and word cloud analysis of titles.ConclusionsPositive aspects of caregiving in dementia have been widely concerned, but most of them are based on the theory of the negative stress process and are limited to current situations and influencing factors. Building theories focus on the positive aspects of caregiving, subsequently developing a comprehensive measurement and effective interventions, should be further studied.
The Impact of Foreign Trade on Health Inequality in China: Evidence From China Family Panel Studies (CFPS)
Authors: Xu Pei , Ye Penghao 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To assess the health inequality caused by foreign trade in China using individual self-rated health data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS).Methods: The GMM model was used to explore the direct and indirect effects of foreign trade on health level, and the concentration index method was then used to decompose the contribution of foreign trade to health inequality.Results: The direct effect of foreign trade does not contribute to the current health inequality, although the indirect effects of trade contribute to health inequality through inequalities in income and healthcare utilization. The indirect pollution effect of trade does not cause health inequality. Subsequently, the direct effect of trade aggravates the dynamic expansion trend of health inequality, whereas the indirect effects of trade alleviate the increasing trend of health inequality.Conclusion: Although foreign trade improves the overall health level in China, it contributes to health inequality. Optimizing product structure of trade, adjusting income distribution, and enhancing medical securities for low-income groups are necessary to alleviate the health inequality caused by foreign trade.
Effect of Heading Date on the Starch Structure and Grain Yield of Rice Lines with Low Gelatinization Temperature
Authors: Crofts Naoko , Hareyama Kaito , Miura Satoko , Hosaka Yuko , Oitome Naoko F. , Fujita Naoko 
Published: September 2022

Early flowering trait is essential for rice cultivars grown at high latitude since delayed flowering leads to seed development at low temperature, which decreases yield. However, early flowering at high temperature promotes the formation of chalky seeds with low apparent amylose content and high starch gelatinization temperature, thus affecting grain quality. Deletion of starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) shows inverse effects of high temperature, and the ss2a mutant shows higher apparent amylose content and lower gelatinization temperature. Heading date 1 (Hd1) is the major regulator of flowering time, and a nonfunctional hd1 allele is required for early flowering. To understand the relationship among heading date, starch properties, and yield, we generated and characterized near-isogenic rice lines with ss2a Hd1, ss2a Hd1 hd1, and ss2a hd1 genotypes. The ss2a Hd1 line showed the highest plant biomass; however, its grain yield varied by year. The ss2a Hd1 hd1 showed higher total grain weight than ss2a hd1. The ss2a hd1 line produced the lowest number of premature seeds and showed higher gelatinization temperature and lower apparent amylose content than ss2a Hd1. These results highlight Hd1 as the candidate gene for developing high-yielding rice cultivars with the desired starch structure.
Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Anti-Inflammatory Constituents of the Subaerial Parts of Cyperus articulatus (Cyperaceae)
Authors: Mittas Domenic , Mawunu Monizi , Magliocca Giorgia , Lautenschläger Thea , Schwaiger Stefan , Stuppner Hermann , Marzocco Stefania 
Published: September 2022

Based on data from a previous ethnobotanical study in northern Angola, phytochemical investigations into the methanolic rhizomes and roots extract of Cyperus articulatus, monitored by in vitro assays, resulted in the recovery of 12 sesquiterpenes, 3 stilbenes, 2 phenolic acids, 1 monoterpene, and 1 flavonoid. Among them, 14 compounds were isolated for the first time from this species. Their inhibitory potential against nitric oxide (NO) production, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, was evaluated in LPS-treated J774A.1 murine macrophages. Especially, both stilbene dimer trans-scirpusin B and trimer cyperusphenol B showed promising inhibitory activity against the production of the inflammatory mediator, NO, in a concentration-dependent manner (10–1 µM). The obtained data are the first results confirming the anti-inflammatory potential of C. articulatus and support its indigenous use as a traditional remedy against inflammation-related disorders.
A Frequency Reconfigurable MIMO Antenna with Bandstop Filter Decoupling Network for Cognitive Communication
Authors: Islam Hashinur , Das Saumya , Ali Tanweer , Bose Tanushree , Prakash Om , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: September 2022

A compact reconfigurable MIMO antenna was developed for cognitive radio applications in this research work. A bandstop filter-based decoupling network was employed in this MIMO antenna to keep mutual coupling at a minimum. A single PIN diode was connected in the filter configuration for the purpose of reconfiguration. Controlling the ON/OFF conditions of the PIN diode, it became possible to achieve a MIMO operating frequency of 4.75 GHz in mode 1 and 1.77 GHz in mode 2, respectively. At 4.75 GHz, isolation was 42.68 dB, while at 1.77 GHz, isolation was 26.52 dB. The proposed reconfigurable MIMO antenna achieved a peak gain and radiation efficiency of 6.63 dBi and 92.04 percent in mode 1 and 4.41 dBi and 89.64 percent in mode 2. MIMO characteristics such as an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) less than 0.253, diversity gain (DG) greater than 9.675 dB, a mean effective gain (MEG) measurement ratio of less than 0.00388 dB, and channel capacity loss (CCL) of less than 0.06528 bits/s/Hz were measured for both operational frequency bands. To make it simple to integrate into small wireless devices, the overall size of the antenna is limited to 48 mm×24 mm 0.28 λ0×0.12 λ0.
Primary care blood tests before cancer diagnosis: National Cancer Diagnosis Audit data
Authors: Cranfield Ben M , Koo Minjoung Monica , Abel Gary A , Swann Ruth , McPhail Sean , Rubin Greg P , Lyratzopoulos Georgios 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundBlood tests can support the diagnostic process in patients with cancer but how often they are used is unclear.AimTo explore use of common blood tests before cancer diagnosis in primary care.Design and settingEnglish National Cancer Diagnosis Audit data on 39 752 patients with cancer diagnosed in 2018.MethodCommon blood test use (full blood count [FBC], urea and electrolytes [U&E], and liver function tests [LFTs]), variation by patient and symptom group, and associations with the primary care interval and the diagnostic interval were assessed.ResultsAt least one common blood test was used in 41% (n= 16 427/39 752) of patients subsequently diagnosed with cancer. Among tested patients, (n= 16 427), FBC was used in 95% (n= 15 540), U&E in 89% (n= 14 555), and LFTs in 76% (n= 12 414). Blood testing was less common in females (adjusted odds ratio versus males: 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87 to 0.98) and Black and minority ethnic patients (0.89, 95% CI = 0.82 to 0.97 versus White), and more common in older patients (1.12, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.18 for ≥70 years versus 50–69 years). Test use varied greatly by cancer site (melanoma 2% [n= 55/2297]; leukaemia 84% [n= 552/661]). Fewer patients presenting with alarm symptoms alone were tested (24% [n= 3341/13 778]) than those with non-alarm symptoms alone (50% [n= 8223/16 487]). Median primary care interval and diagnostic interval were longer in tested than non-tested patients (primary care interval: 10 versus 0 days; diagnostic interval: 49 versus 32 days, respectively,P<0.001 for both), including among tested patients with alarm symptoms (primary care interval: 4 versus 0 days; diagnostic interval: 41 versus 22 days).ConclusionTwo-fifths of patients subsequently diagnosed with cancer have primary care blood tests as part of their diagnostic process. Given variable test use, research is needed on the clinical context in which blood tests are ordered.
Theopreneurship dalam Kemandirian Finansial Gereja Perintisan
Authors: Sihite Franseda , Mendrofa Henny P 
Published: September 2022

Financial independence is very important to ensure the continuation of the ministry of a newly started church. The pastor's family's financial needs and church facilities can be supported by the way the servant of God is an entrepreneur. Theopreneurship contains a theological dimension, namely as a mandate given by God to pastors to manage the potential of themselves and their congregations, even though there are different views about whether a servant of God is an entrepreneur. This study uses the Literature Study method to explain the interests and efforts of a servant of God in entrepreneurship to support the financial independence of the pioneering church. The results of the study found that a servant of God who is starting a new church should be self-employed as a Theopreneur, who acts as a servant (doulus and huperetes) and steward (oikonomos) and also needs to teach, involve and mentor members of the congregation or community whom he serves for joint entrepreneurship so as to effectively achieve the financial independence of the pioneering church for the glory of the Kingdom of God.AbstrakKemandirian finansial sangat penting menjamin kelanjutan pelayanan sebuah gereja yang baru dirintis. Kebutuhan keuangan keluarga gembala dan fasilitas gereja dapat ditopang dengan cara hamba Tuhan itu berwirausaha. Theopreneurship mengandung dimensi teologis yaitu sebagai mandat yang diberikan Tuhan kepada para gembala untuk mengelola potensi diri dan jemaatnya, meski ada perbedaan pandangan soal baik buruknya seorang hamba Tuhan berwirausaha. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Studi Literatur untuk menjelaskan kepentingan dan upaya seorang hamba Tuhan melakukan wirausaha guna mendukung kemandirian finansial gereja perintisan. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa seorang hamba Tuhan yang sedang merintis gereja baru patut berwirausaha secara mandiri sebagai seorang Theopreneur, yang berperan sebagai seorang pelayan (doulus dan huperetes) dan penatalayan (oikonomos), juga perlu mengajar, melibatkan dan melakukan mentoring terhadap anggota jemaat atau masyarakat yang dilayaninya untuk berwirauaha bersama sehingga efektif mencapai kemandirian finansial gereja perintisan bagi kejayaan Kerajaan Allah.
Identidades e saberes em fronteira: questionando categorias universalizantes e binárias
Authors: Matheus Ribeiro Junior Alexandre 
Published: September 2022

Resumo
Este artigo discute o fenômeno das identidades que são atravessadas por diferentes opressões na sociedade, tais como as identidades de bichas pretas. Essa questão é utilizada para pensar tanto as categorias universalistas como as categorias essencialistas e unitárias produzidas por movimentos sociais que se prendem às oposições binárias para pautar suas identificações. Também são desenvolvidas reflexões sobre as identidades na contemporaneidade através das produções de Tadeu Silva, Stuart Hall e Avtar Brah. Essas reflexões são revestidas pelo complemento e por críticas que trazem tanto o conceito de interseccionalidade, construído por Kimbelé Cranshaw, e sua presença na obra de Patricia Hill Collins; quanto pelas elaborações teóricas de Donna Haraway do conceito de identidade em fronteira e saberes localizados.
Palavras-chave: Identidade em fronteira. Interseccionalidade. Saberes localizados.
Abstract
This article discusses the phenomenon of identities spanned by different oppressions in society, such as the black queer. This issue is employed to think the universalizing, as the essentialist and unitary categories produced by social movements attached to binary oppositions in order to guide their own identifications. Reflections on identities in contemporaneity are also developed through the productions of Tadeu Silva, Stuart Hall and Avtar Brah. These reflections are enlightened through the concept of intersectionality built by Kimbelé Cranshaw and whithin Patricia Hill Collins’ work and by Donna Haraway's theoretical elaborations regarding the concept of borderland identity and situated knowledge.

Keywords: Borderland Identity. Intersectionality. Situated Knowledge.
Judith Butler e Paul Beatriz Preciado:
Authors: De Almeida Trindade Braga Patrick , Gross Alexis Emanuel 
Published: September 2022

O presente trabalho se propõe a contrastar dois modelos teóricos da construção da identidade de gênero dentro da teoria queer: o modelo performativo-teatral de Judith Butler e o biodrag de Paul Beatriz Preciado[1]. Para atingir esse objetivo, procede-se em dois passos. Primeiro, analisa-se a crítica de Butler à metafísica de gênero e se apresentam os contornos centrais de seu modelo performativo-teatral. Em seguida, estuda-se o papel que os conceitos do capitalismo farmacopornográfico e o pós-moneísmo desempenham na obra de Preciado, para, em seguida, passar a uma análise de seu modelo biodrag

[1] A versão original do texto traz o nome Beatriz Preciado. Considerando a recente transição de gênero do autor, mas sem desconsiderar a versão original, opto por apresentar o nome Paul Beatriz. (Nota do Tradutor)