bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of regional‐scale diversity patterns of freshwater algae in a Neotropical bromeliad ecosystem
Authors: Carrias Jean‐François , Corbara Bruno , Leroy Céline , Céréghino Régis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

A large part of freshwater microorganism biodiversity is contained in the bromeliad ecosystem of the Neotropics, which form a multitude of small islands in a terrestrial matrix. While aquatic communities of bromeliads and their food‐web organisation are relatively well documented, processes that shape diversity in such small water bodies remain largely understudied.

Based on 217 bromeliad ecosystems from six sites located in French Guiana, we determined the factors that shape the diversity pattern of algal communities. We considered a broad range of environmental and ecological variables, including canopy openness, habitat characteristics, and invertebrate biomass, to identify the main drivers of algal community structure and biodiversity across bromeliads in a c. 25,000 km2 region.

We found no evidence of random distribution or spatial structuring of algal communities. Algal biomass was mainly influenced by habitat size and complexity, particulate organic matter content, and light energy, while algal richness was primarily controlled by habitat size. Change in community structure as habitat size increases was driven by species turnover with increasing proportion of filamentous taxa.

Our results indicate that, due to the large diversity of aquatic habitats they provide at a small spatial scale, bromeliads are critical ecosystems sustaining freshwater microorganism biodiversity.
Climate variability and aridity modulate the role of leaf shelters for arthropods: A global experiment
Authors: Romero Gustavo Q. , Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago , Roslin Tomas , Marquis Robert J. , Marino Nicholas A.C. , Novotny Vojtech , Cornelissen Tatiana , Orivel Jerome , Sui Shen , Aires Gustavo , Antoniazzi Reuber , Dáttilo Wesley , Breviglieri Crasso P. B. , Busse Annika , Gibb Heloise , Izzo Thiago J. , Kadlec Tomas , Kemp Victoria , Kersch‐Becker Monica , Knapp Michal , Kratina Pavel , Luke Rebecca , Majnarić Stefan , Maritz Robin , Mateus Martins Paulo , Mendesil Esayas , Michalko Jaroslav , Mrazova Anna , Novais Samuel , Pereira Cássio C. , Perić Mirela S. , Petermann Jana S. , Ribeiro Sérvio P. , Sam Katerina , Trzcinski M. Kurtis , Vieira Camila , Westwood Natalie , Bernaschini Maria L. , Carvajal Valentina , González Ezequiel , Jausoro Mariana , Kaensin Stanis , Ospina Fabiola , Cristóbal‐Pérez E. Jacob , Quesada Mauricio , Rogy Pierre , Srivastava Diane S. , Szpryngiel Scarlett , Tack Ayco J.M. , Teder Tiit , Videla Martin , Viljur Mari‐Liis , Koricheva Julia 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCurrent climate change is disrupting biotic interactions and eroding biodiversity worldwide. However, species sensitive to aridity, high temperatures, and climate variability might find shelter in microclimatic refuges, such as leaf rolls built by arthropods. To explore how the importance of leaf shelters for terrestrial arthropods changes with latitude, elevation, and climate, we conducted a distributed experiment comparing arthropods in leaf rolls versus control leaves across 52 sites along an 11,790 km latitudinal gradient. We then probed the impact of short‐ versus long‐term climatic impacts on roll use, by comparing the relative impact of conditions during the experiment versus average, baseline conditions at the site. Leaf shelters supported larger organisms and higher arthropod biomass and species diversity than non‐rolled control leaves. However, the magnitude of the leaf rolls’ effect differed between long‐ and short‐term climate conditions, metrics (species richness, biomass, and body size), and trophic groups (predators vs. herbivores). The effect of leaf rolls on predator richness was influenced only by baseline climate, increasing in magnitude in regions experiencing increased long‐term aridity, regardless of latitude, elevation, and weather during the experiment. This suggests that shelter use by predators may be innate, and thus, driven by natural selection. In contrast, the effect of leaf rolls on predator biomass and predator body size decreased with increasing temperature, and increased with increasing precipitation, respectively, during the experiment. The magnitude of shelter usage by herbivores increased with the abundance of predators and decreased with increasing temperature during the experiment. Taken together, these results highlight that leaf roll use may have both proximal and ultimate causes. Projected increases in climate variability and aridity are, therefore, likely to increase the importance of biotic refugia in mitigating the effects of climate change on species persistence.
Chloride intercellular channel 3 suppression‐mediated macrophage polarization: a potential indicator of poor prognosis of hepatitis B virus‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Liang Jing , Long Zijie , Zhang Yanyan , Wang Jundan , Chen Xiaotong , Liu Xiangfu , Gu Yurong , Zhang Wanling , Zhang Tong , Chen Youming , Zhang Genglin , Sun Weijun , Kuang Dongming , Gao Zhiliang , Zheng Yubao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPatients with hepatitis B virus‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (HBV‐ACLF) are characterized by immune paralysis and susceptibility to infections. Macrophages are important mediators of immune responses can be subclassified into two main phenotypes: classically activated and alternatively activated. However, few studies have investigated changes to macrophage polarization in HBV‐related liver diseases. Therefore, we investigated the functional status of monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs) from patients with mild chronic hepatitis B (n = 226), HBV‐related compensated cirrhosis (n = 36), HBV‐related decompensated cirrhosis (n = 40), HBV‐ACLF (n = 62) and healthy controls (n = 10), as well as Kupffer cells (KCs) from patients with HBV‐ACLF (n = 3). We found that during the progression of HBV‐related liver diseases, the percentage of CD163+CD206+ macrophages increased, while the percentage of CD80+human leukocyte antigen‐DR+ macrophages decreased significantly. MDMs and KCs mainly exhibited high CD163+CD206+ expression in patients with HBV‐ACLF, which predicted poor clinical outcome and higher liver transplantation rate. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that chloride intracellular channel‐3 (CLIC3) was reduced in patients with HBV‐ACLF, indicating a poor prognosis. To further study the effect of CLIC3 on macrophage polarization, human monocytic THP‐1 cell‐derived macrophages were used. We found that classical and alternative macrophage activation occurred through nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B pathways, respectively. CLIC3 suppression inhibited NF‐κB activation and promoted the alternative activation. In conclusion, macrophage polarization gradually changed from classically activated to alternatively activated as HBV‐related liver diseases progressed. Both CLIC3 suppression and increased alternatively activated macrophage percentage were potential indicators of the poor prognosis of patients with HBV‐ACLF.
Sequential learning of emotional faces is statistical at 12 months of age
Authors: Mermier Julia , Quadrelli Ermanno , Turati Chiara , Bulf Hermann 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInfants are capable of extracting statistical regularities from continuous streams of elements, which helps them structuring their surrounding environment. The current study examines 12‐month‐olds' capacity to extract statistical information from a sequence of emotional faces. Using a familiarization procedure, infants were presented with videos of two actresses expressing the same facial emotion, and subsequently turning toward or away from each other. Videos displayed different emotions (i.e., anger, happiness, fear, sadness, surprise, amusement, disgust, and exasperation) and were organized sequentially, so that the transitional probabilities between videos were highly predictable in some cases, and less predictable in others. At test, infants discriminated highly predictable from low predictable transitional probabilities, suggesting that they extracted statistical regularities from the sequence of emotional faces. However, when examining thelooking towardand thelooking awayconditions separately, infants showed evidence of statistical learning in thelooking towardcondition only. Together, these findings suggest that 12‐month‐old infants rely on statistical learning to segment a continuous sequence of emotional faces, although this ability can be modulated by the nature of the stimuli. The contribution of statistical learning to structure infants' social environment is discussed.
A systematic scoping review and textual narrative synthesis of physical and mixed‐reality simulation in pre‐service teacher training
Authors: Ade‐Ojo Gordon O. , Markowski Marianne , Essex Ryan , Stiell Marlon , Jameson Jill 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to recent lockdown conditions, which restricted opportunities for face‐to‐face contact and the ability to be physically in schools, the need for novel, safe ways to train pre‐service teachers emerged even more pressingly. Whilst virtual simulation has received some attention in pedagogy and its benefits have been demonstrated in many disciplines, there appears to be less synthesized evidence on the use of physical and/or mixed‐reality simulation utilized in teacher training.ObjectivesThe goal of this systematic scoping review was to summarize and synthesize the literature on the use of physical and/or mixed‐reality simulation in pre‐service teacher training.MethodsA systematic scoping literature review combined with a textual narrative synthesis was undertaken. Ten reference databases were searched in May 2020: Academic search premier, CINAHL, Education Research Complete, Humanities International Complete, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, PsycInfo, Teacher Reference Center, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scopus.Results and ConclusionsFollowing inclusion/exclusion criteria assessment and screening, 13 articles were included for appraisal and synthesis. Seven papers examined physical simulations, while the remainder examined mixed‐reality simulations. The evidence from this review suggests that simulation, including physical and mixed‐reality types, could be used as a tool to increase confidence, self‐efficacy, classroom management skills and communication.ImplicationsIn comparison to other fields (e.g., nursing, medicine and aviation) simulation in education appears to be in its infancy—more large‐scale research is needed. At the same time, this review indicates that mixed‐reality simulation in particular has the potential for contributing to teacher education, because it offers the potential for learning in various contexts when compared to traditional didactic teaching practices.
Reasons for repeated emergency department visits among community‐dwelling older adults with dementia in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Jones Aaron , Maclagan Laura C. , Watt Jennifer A. , Schull Michael J. , Jaakkimainen Liisa , Swayze Sarah , Guan Jun , Bronskill Susan E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundCommunity‐dwelling older adults living with dementia visit the emergency department (ED) more frequently than other older adults, but research on the reasons for repeated visits is lacking. We examined the rate of repeated ED visits and reasons for visits in a cohort of individuals with dementia.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based retrospective cohort study of community‐dwelling older adults (≥66 years) living with dementia in Ontario, Canada, who visited the ED and were discharged home between April 1, 2010, and March 31, 2019. We calculated the proportion of the population with one, two, and three or more repeat ED visits within 1 year of the baseline visit and the categorized the reason for the visits.ResultsOur cohort contained 175,863 individuals with dementia who visited the ED at least once. Overall, 66.1% returned at least once to the ED within 1 year, 39.4% returned twice, and 23.5% returned 3 or more times. Visit reasons were heterogenous and were most frequently related to general signs and symptoms (25.3%) while being infrequently due to cognitive or behavioral reasons (5.9%). Individuals typically visited for different reasons across successive visits.ConclusionsCommunity‐dwelling older adults with dementia who visited an ED were very likely to return to the ED within a year, with a substantial proportion visiting multiple times. The high frequency of repeated visits for different reasons highlights the complexity of caring for this population and indicates greater need for comprehensive community and primary care as well as timely communication between the ED and the community.
A Simple Model of Voluntary Reserve Targets with Tolerance Bands
Authors: BAUGHMAN GARTH , CARAPELLA FRANCESCA 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a version of the model of voluntary reserve targets (VRT) developed in Baughman and Carapella (2020) simplified to have a Walrasian instead of frictional interbank market. First, the model makes transparent the role of target setting in controlling the market rate. Second, the simplicity of the model allows for an analysis of the interaction between VRT and tolerance bands, which are a common tool for controlling rate variability. We find that the persistent overshooting of interbank rates observed during the Bank of England's experiment with VRT may derive from the interaction between target setting and tolerance bands, a new explanation relative to the literature. We also suggest a simple remedy.
Learning Grammar for Social Action: Implications for Research and Language Teaching
Authors: PIIRAINEN–MARSH ARJA , LILJA NIINA 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe articles in this special issue contribute to understanding the interactional grounding of language learning by scrutinizing how patterns of language use emerge and get routinized as dynamic resources for accomplishing actions in co‐constructed interaction. Their findings problematize how grammar is represented in second language (L2) teaching materials and have important implications for future research and language pedagogy. In this commentary, we address some of these implications focusing on two questions: (a) how the studies change the conceptualization of grammar as an object of L2 learning and teaching, and (b) how the insights of this research can inform language teaching.
Telementoring initiative for newborn care providers in Kenya, Pakistan and Tanzania
Authors: Merali Hasan S. , Hemed Maryam , Fernando Andrew M. , Rizwan Samia , Mangala Edwin Lutomia , Wood Amy M. , Abdalla Khadija , Patterson Janna , Amick Erick , Foehringer Merchant Hannah , Smith Sherri L. , Wheatley Robyn R. , Kamath‐Rayne Beena D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo support governments' efforts at neonatal mortality reduction, UNICEF and the American Academy of Pediatrics launched a telementoring project in Kenya, Pakistan and Tanzania.MethodsIn Fall 2019, an individualised 12‐session telementoring curriculum was created for East Africa and Pakistan after site visits that included care assessment, patient data review and discussion with faculty and staff. After the programme, participants, administrators and UNICEF staff were surveyed and participated in focus group discussions.ResultsParticipants felt the programme improved knowledge and newborn care. Qualitative analysis found three common themes of successful telementoring: local buy‐in, use of existing training or clinical improvement structures, and consideration of technology needs.ConclusionsTelementoring has potential as a powerful tool in newborn education. It offers more flexibility and easier access than in‐person sessions. This project has the potential for scale‐up, particularly when physical distancing and travel restrictions are the norm.
Near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived muscle V̇O2${\dot{V}_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}}}$ kinetics after moderate running exercise in healthy males: reliability and associations with parameters of aerobic fitness
Authors: de Aguiar Rafael A. , Turnes Tiago , Borszcz Fernando K. , Raimundo João A. G. , Caputo Fabrizio 
Published: March 2022

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
What is the reliability of near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived muscle oxygen uptake () kinetics following running exercise and what is the relationship between the time constant of off‐kinetics and parameters of aerobic fitness?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The time constant of kinetics in gastrocnemius following moderate running exercise presents good to excellent reliability. In addition, it was well correlated with parameters of aerobic fitness, such as maximal speed of an incremental test, ventilatory threshold and pulmonary on‐kinetics. Therefore, near‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived muscle oxidative capacity together with other physiological measurements may allow a concomitant local and systemic analysis of the components of the oxidative system.

AbstractNear‐infrared spectroscopy‐derived muscle oxygen uptake () kinetics following single‐joint exercise has been used to assess muscle oxidative capacity. However, little evidence is available on the use of this technique following whole‐body exercise. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the reliability of the NIRS‐derived kinetics following running exercise and to investigate the relationship between the time constant of off‐kinetics () and parameters of aerobic fitness. After an incremental test to determine , first (VT1) and second (VT2) ventilatory thresholds, and maximal speed (Smax), 13 males (age = 21 ± 4 years; = 55.9 ± 3.4 ml kg−1 min−1) performed three sets (two on the first day and one on a subsequent day) of two repetitions of 6‐min running exercise at 90%VT1. The pulmonary () on‐kinetics and off‐kinetics in gastrocnemius were assessed. presented no systematic change and satisfactory reliability (the standard error of the measurement (SEM) and intraclass correlation coefficient of 4.21 s and 0.49 for between transitions; and 2.65 s and 0.74 averaging within each time set), with no difference (P > 0.3) between the within‐ (SEM = 2.92 s) and between‐day variability (SEM = 2.78 s and 2.19 s between first vs. third set, and second vs. third set, respectively). (28.5 ± 4.17 s) correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with Smax (r = −0.66), VT1 (r = −0.64) and time constant of the p on‐kinetics (r = 0.69). These findings indicate that NIRS‐derived kinetics in the gastrocnemius following moderate running exercise is a useful and reliable parameter to assess muscle oxidative capacity.
ROLE OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE PROGRAMMABLE DEATH (PD-1) RECEPTOR OF T-CELLS IN TARGETED THERAPY OF MELANOMA
Authors: Mukantayev K.N. , Mukanov K.K. , Zhylkibayev A. 
Published: March 2022

Oncogenic cells have intrinsic properties for evading attack by the immune system, which largely contribute to the oncogenic pathology. Therefore, the development of drugs that can block these properties represents an important goal toward obtaining effective strategies to cure cancer. Currently, monoclonal antibodies targeting the programmable cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand (PD-L1) are widely used in targeted therapy, which show high effectivity in clinical studies resulting in a significant increase in the duration of anticancer immunity.
The PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway was recently identified as a mechanism of the negative regulation of the immune system, and as the main mechanism by which oncogenic cells evade the body’s immune system. Moreover, the expression of PD-1 receptor in the tumour microenvironment cells is related to several other signaling pathways involving both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. The interaction of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibits the activity of cytotoxic T-cells and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes with increased T-cell suppressor activity. Consequently, the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway promotes tumour cells to evade the immune response. Therefore, blockage of PD-1/PD-L1 enhances antitumor immunity, reduces the number of T-cell suppressors and suppresses their activity, and restores the activity of cytotoxic T-cells.
The PD1 receptor and it is ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are representatives of the immunoglobulin superfamily and are part of the "immunological control points" system, the main functions of which include the regulation and modulation of the immune response, reduction of immune cell-induced damage in organs and tissues, and prevention of autoimmune processes.
Accordingly, development of therapeutic anti-PD1 and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies that could lead to the reactivation of a specific antitumor immune response is a promising strategy of tumour immunotherapy. To date, monoclonal antibodies blocking PD-1/PD-L1 have achieved good results and were approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
GPR161 RECEPTOR AS A NOVEL TARGET FOR ANTIBODY-BASED IMMUNOTHERAPY OF TRIPLE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
Authors: Mukanov K.K. , Mukantayev K.N. , Tarlykov P. 
Published: March 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer is a rare type of breast cancer, accounting for 20% of all women diagnosed with the adenocarcinoma. Triple-negative breast cancer cells are mainly characterized by the absence of estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptors. Moreover, these cells do not respond to hormonal and targeted treatment with monoclonal antibodies. A literature review revealed several receptors in the oncogenic cells of this phenotype with potential to serve as a novel target for therapy. In particular, the G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) 161 was found to be overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer cells, and correlated with a poor prognosis of the disease. In addition, overexpression of GPR161 in human mammary epithelial cells resulted in increased cell proliferation, migration, intracellular accumulation of E-cadherin, and the formation of multiple structures in a three-dimensional cell culture. Activation of the receptor reduces the phosphorylation of GTPase-activating protein 1 proteins, thereby enhancing mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways.
GPCRs belong to a family of cell membrane proteins that transform extracellular signals into intracellular signaling pathways. These receptors play a key role in many important physiological processes whose malfunction may lead to various diseases, including cancer. Several currently produced drugs target different members of the GPCR family and have shown excellent therapeutic advantages.
Therefore, huge efforts are focused on developing new drugs based on GPCRs, particularly for the treatment of cancer. This article provides an overview of data that show great promise in new opportunities for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. In particular, research on GPCRs is highlighted as promising targets for monoclonal antibodies and, after humanization, as therapeutic drugs
Dislocation Equilibrium Positions on Either Side of a Grain Boundary
Authors: Colin Jérôme M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The equilibrium positions of two edge dislocations located on either side of a grain boundary have been determined when a disclination dipole is lying in the boundary. It is found that a configuration where the dislocations are distributed symmetrically with respect to the center of symmetry of the grain boundary is selected. This configuration depends on the disclination strength and the dislocation distance from the boundary.