bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mother Jones
Authors: Filbeck Greg 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the returns to a portfolio of 12 publicly held firms that were featured in the July/August 1997 edition of Mother Jones as the “20 Better Places to Work” (the remaining eight are privately held). This survey was based on the firm's track record for charitable giving, fair labor practices, progressive benefits, sound environmental practices, and satisfied employees. While there is much evidence that the above qualities are very desirable for employees, little evidence exists indicating whether such a record results in increased shareholder wealth. In this study, we compare the annual returns, on a raw and risk‐adjusted basis, for the selected firms to a broad market index, as well as a more appropriate benchmark (based on market capitalization and industry classification). We also determine whether there is an announcement effect associated with the public release of the list of Mother Jones firms.
Population pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in Singapore epileptic patients
Authors: Chan Eli , Lee How Sung , Hue Swee Shan 
Published: July 2002

Aims  To document the population pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine in patients with epilepsy living in Singapore, the majority of whom are of Chinese origin and others of minority races.Methods  Steady‐state plasma carbamazepine concentration data were gathered during routine care from various hospitals in Singapore for patients with epilepsy. Age, body weight, gender, race, formulation and concurrent medication (for other illnesses) were the fixed effects (covariates) tested simultaneously for their influence on the population mean of carbamazepine clearance, using the nonlinear mixed‐effects model, in the NONMEM program.Results  No age, gender, race, or formulation–related effect was found. Body weight (W), age (A) and concurrent medication with phenobarbitone (PB) emerged as the determinants of carbamazepine clearance (CL). The final regression model for carbamazepine clearance found best to describe the data was CL = 40.7 × A0.494 × W−1.17 × 1.44PB where CL is in l day−1 kg−1, A is in years, W is in kg and PB = 0 for a patient on carbamazepine only and PB = 1 for a patient on concomitant PB. The corresponding interindividual variability (CV%) in CL, described by using an exponential model, was 21.4%, and the residual error, described by using an exponential error model, was 18.2%. Predictive performance of this population covariate model was evaluated by Bayesian forecasting in a similar, but independent cohort of patients. There was no statistically significant bias between predicted and measured plasma carbamazepine concentrations. The population mean value of carbamazepine clearance obtained was similar to that previously reported for patients with a very different ethnic (Caucasians and Blacks) or geographical background (South Africa, Europe and USA).Conclusions  The derived covariate regression model reasonably predicted concentrations in the separate validation Singapore patient data set. The correlation between carbamazepine clearance and patient‐specific characteristics may thus allow dosage adjustment to be made to achieve target steady‐state plasma concentrations.
Activity patterns and oviposition rates of Aphytis lingnanensis females, a parasitoid of California red scale Aonidiella aurantii: implications for successful biological control
Authors: Fernando L. C. P. , Walter G. H. 
Published: July 2002

Summary1. Activity patterns of Aphytis lingnanensis Compere (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) females were determined. Females have a preovipositional period of 2–6.5 h and oviposit daily until they die. The average lifetime fecundity was 191 eggs (n = 10 females), with a maximum of 13 eggs per day, but usually far fewer. Females do not lay eggs at night as low light levels reduce the propensity to oviposit.2. Aphytis lingnanensis females showed a repeatable pattern of activity during the course of the day, ovipositing actively during the first 1.5 h of their 7 h exposure to hosts. Thereafter, activity levels decreased sharply and females spent relatively long intervals resting. Activity occurred in fairly discrete bouts, with long periods of inactivity, ranging from 12 to 231 min between bouts.3. Each day, females laid most eggs during their first bout of oviposition, with availability of mature eggs in the ovaries dictating the duration and intensity of ovipositional bouts. Once females completed a bout of oviposition in the laboratory, they moved away from the hosts even though many suitable hosts remained. They stood immobile, sheltering, until they matured more eggs.4. These results suggest how general biological control models and dynamic state variable models of behaviour can be made more realistic. In particular, the behaviour of females does not remain constant over extended periods, particularly because of egg depletion, which suggests that the interaction between the ovipositional history of the individual and its physiological capabilities dictates the response of females to particular circumstances, and thus contributes to patterns of parasitism in the field.5. It is predicted that A. lingnanensis females in the field are inactive at night and begin ovipositing when it becomes light enough in the morning. Egg depletion is likely if enough hosts are available, but should occur later in the day than was recorded in the laboratory. Egg‐depleted females are likely to shelter while they mature more eggs, but may undertake interpatch movement.
Patch departure mechanisms and optimal host exploitation in an insect parasitoid
Authors: Driessen Gerard , Bernstein Carlos 
Published: July 2002

1. Patch‐leaving decisions are of utmost importance in determining parasitoid foraging success. Parasitoids are known to use both marks left by hosts (chemical or otherwise) and ovipositions to assess host availability and to decide when to leave a host patch. 2. Previous studies have shown that, depending on the species, ovipositions either increase (an incremental mechanism) or decrease (a decremental mechanism) the patch residence times of parasitoids. Reports in the literature conflict on which mechanism is used by Venturia canescens, a parasitoid of pyralid moth larvae. 3. We hypothesize that, as a consequence of saturation in the capacity of the parasitoid to discriminate between host densities at high host numbers, V. canescens uses a decremental mechanism at low host numbers and an incremental one at high host numbers. We call this a ‘switching mechanism’. 4. Our experiments show that even if discrimination capacity saturates, V. canescens uses a decremental mechanism over a wide range of host densities. 5. The distribution of hosts in different fruits species under field conditions suggests a switching mechanism would not evolve in natural situations. 6. A model of patch departure in V. canescens is constructed and tested using an independent set of experiments. The model suggests that the patch leaving mechanism in V. canescens is a stochastic decremental one. As might be expected from Weber's Law, the initial leaving tendency is a convex decreasing function of kairomone concentration. The leaving tendency increases exponentially with the time spent in the patch without ovipositing. Ovipositions cause a sudden increase in leaving tendency. 7. Simulations suggest that a decremental mechanism would be out‐competed by either one indifferent to ovipositions or an incremental one, only when travel times are much larger than those that are likely to occur in the field.
Ring keratitis from topical anaesthetic misuse
Authors: Frcophth S K Webber , Fraco G L Sutton , Fraco M A Lawless , Fraco C M Rogers 
Published: July 2002

Background: Topical anaesthetic abuse is now an established differential diagnosis of ring keratitis. Published evidence suggests that this condition often has a poor prognosis, with the eyes sometimes requiring penetrating keratoplasty or the patient becoming blind. Method: A case of topical anaesthetic abuse and its subsequent management is presented. Ocular examination including pachymetry and specular microscopy is reported. Results: The cornea made an excellent recovery, allowing a visual acuity of 6/6. Pachymetry showed corneal thickening and specular microscopy demonstrated a decreased cell count in the affected eye. Conclusions: With prompt recognition and appropriate treatment the prognosis for these cases can be excellent. However, there is evidence to suggest permanent cellular damage to the endothelium.
Optimization of the Čerenkov sum-frequency generation in proton-exchanged Mg:LiNbO3 channel waveguides
Authors: Sanford N. A. , Connors J. M. 
Published: July 2002

Optical sum-frequency generation has been investigated in channel waveguides produced by proton exchange in Mg-doped as well as standard LiNbO3. Pyrophosphoric acid was used as an exchange media and Ta mask were patterned on z-cut plates by reactive-ion etching to form diffusion apertures ranging in width from 1 to 3 μm running parallel to the y axis. Samples were made by direct immersion in acid held at a temperature of 240 °C for times ranging from 10 to 28 min. End-fire coupling at 1.06 μm revealed that the Čerenkov radiation output at the second harmonic was optimized for the narrowest channel with a diffusion time of 24 min. A coupled throughput of 0.57 mW would produce a Čerenkov second-harmonic radiation mode due to the TM00 fundamental of 0.031 μW for a sample 4 mm in length. Diffusion times differing by 1 min around the optimum time would result in a reduction in harmonic generation efficiency by approximately a factor of 5. Samples pumped at 0.833 μm showed peak efficiency for a correspondingly shorter diffusion time. Severe drift in both fundamental throughput as well as harmonic generation is observed if pump throughput exceeds 2 mW in specimens formed in either Mg-doped or undoped LiNbO3. In addition, diffusion times for optimized nonlinear generation varied from batch to batch. The Čerenkov generation efficiency has been modeled using a step-index approximation for channel waveguides generalized to the z-cut y-propagating orientation used. The nonlinear source polarization at the sum frequency is considered to be due to only d33. Using values for the increase in extraordinary index estimated from fitting mode indices to the step-index approximation, we find optimum second-harmonic generation
due to the TM00 takes place for the mode close to cutoff at either 1.06 or or 0.833 μm. The magnitude of the peak SHG efficiency is found to agree reasonably well with experiment. The variation in guide depth over which the optimum SHG is observed is roughly 0.05 μm. The model predicts this should be larger by a factor of 3. We attribute the discrepancy to the inability of the channel waveguide model to accurately calculate the propagation and decay constants of the pump mode near cutoff. Our effective index measurements further indicate the dispersion in the increase of the extraordinary index (Δne) under the ion-exchange process is essentially equivalent to results published for guides made using benzoic acid when the exchange is performed at 249 °C.
Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities of high-velocity magnetized, anisotropic shear layers
Authors: Roy Choudhury S. , Patel V. L. 
Published: July 2002

A study is made of the linear stability of finite-thickness, anisotropic compressible shear layers v=ẑvz(x), with a parallel uniform magnetic field, B=ẑB0. The stability of such sheared flows, described by the double adiabatic equations of Chew, Goldberger, and Low [Proc. R. Soc. London Ser.  A  236, 112 (1956)], and involving the nonlocal coupling of the firehose and mirror modes caused by the velocity shear, is relevant in a number of astrophysical, geophysical, and space plasma configurations. The scalar perturbation quantities have the form  f (x) exp[i(kzz −ωt)]. The dimensionless variables characterizing a shear layer with a given velocity profile, assumed to be a linear profile in the present work, are the sonic Mach number, M ≡ (2vzm/S⊥), the ratio of the magnetic field energy density to the perpendicular thermal energy density, q2 ≡ (vA/S⊥)2, and the anisotropy parameter, r2 ≡ (S∥/S⊥)2. Here, vz(x=±∞)=±vzm, S∥, and S⊥ are the sound speeds parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field, and vA is the Alfvén speed. The dimensionless variable characterizing the perturbation is the wavenumber B ≡ kzL, where L is the shear layer thickness. It is shown that the resonance of the sound and firehose modes drives unstable standing and traveling waves for a shear layer having a vortex sheet profile [where vz(x) is a step function]. For the vortex sheet, the unstable standing wave modes first appear at M=2(3)1/2r for r&gt;(1+q2)1/2/2, and the unstable traveling wave modes first appear at M=0 for r&lt;((1+q2)1/2/2). Numerical methods are used to generate values of ωr and ωi&gt;0 (corresponding to unstable wave motion) for the ‘‘linear’’ shear layer in the (B, M) plane for various values of q and r.
The coverage of the (B, M) plane is for B≤5, M≤10, and for discrete values of q≤0.5 and r≤2. Two regimes of instability are found to occur in the (B, M) plane with the structure of the unstable modes of the ‘‘linear’’ layer being very different from that for the anisotropic vortex sheet. The unstable modes are standing waves with ωr=0, and traveling waves with ωr≠0.
Muscle-specific RING finger-1 interacts with titin to regulate sarcomeric M-line and thick filament structure and may have nuclear functions via its interaction with glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein-1
Authors: McElhinny Abigail S. , Kakinuma Kazumi , Sorimachi Hiroyuki , Labeit Siegfried , Gregorio Carol C. 
Published: July 2002

The COOH-terminal A168–170 region of the giant sarcomeric protein titin interacts with muscle-specific RING finger-1 (MURF-1). To investigate the functional significance of this interaction, we expressed green fluorescent protein fusion constructs encoding defined fragments of titin's M-line region and MURF-1 in cardiac myocytes. Upon expression of MURF-1 or its central region (containing its titin-binding site), the integrity of titin's M-line region was dramatically disrupted. Disruption of titin's M-line region also resulted in a perturbation of thick filament components, but, surprisingly, not of the NH2-terminal or I-band regions of titin, the Z-lines, or the thin filaments. This specific phenotype also was caused by the expression of titin A168–170. These data suggest that the interaction of titin with MURF-1 is important for the stability of the sarcomeric M-line region.
MURF-1 also binds to ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme-9 and isopeptidase T-3, enzymes involved in small ubiquitin-related modifier–mediated nuclear import, and with glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein-1 (GMEB-1), a transcriptional regulator. Consistent with our in vitro binding data implicating MURF-1 with nuclear functions, endogenous MURF-1 also was detected in the nuclei of some myocytes. The dual interactions of MURF-1 with titin and GMEB-1 may link myofibril signaling pathways (perhaps including titin's kinase domain) with muscle gene expression.
The Bergman kernel function: Explicit formulas and zeroes
Authors: Boas Harold , Fu Siqi , Straube Emil 
Published: July 2002

We show how to compute the Bergman kernel functions of some special domains in a simple way. As an application of the explicit formulas, we show that the Bergman kernel functions of some convex domains, for instance the domain in

C

3

\mathbb {C}^3

defined by the inequality

|

z
1

|

+

|

z
2

|

+

|

z
3

|

>
1

|z_1|+|z_2|+|z_3|>1

, have zeroes.
Simplicity and the stable rank of some free product C*-algebras
Authors: Dykema Kenneth 
Published: July 2002

A necessary and sufficient condition for the simplicity of the C

∗

^{*}

–algebra reduced free product of finite dimensional abelian algebras is found, and it is proved that the stable rank of every such free product is 1. Related results about other reduced free products of C

∗

^{*}

–algebras are proved.
Integral transforms with exponential kernels and Laplace transform
Authors: Kashiwara Masaki , Schapira Pierre 
Published: July 2002

Let

X

⟵
f

Z

⟶
g

Y

X \underset {f}{\longleftarrow } Z \underset {g}{\longrightarrow } Y

be a correspondence of complex manifolds. We study integral transforms associated to kernels

exp
⁡
(
φ
)

\exp (\varphi )

, with

φ
\varphi

meromorphic on

Z
Z

, acting on formal or moderate cohomologies. Our main application is the Laplace transform. In this case,

X
X

is the projective compactification of the vector space

V
≃

C

n

V \simeq \mathbb {C}^n

,

Y
Y

is its dual space,

Z
=
X
×
Y

Z=X\times Y

and

φ
(
z
,
w
)
=
⟨
z
,
w
⟩

\varphi (z,w) =\langle z,w \rangle

. We obtain the isomorphisms:

a
m
p
;
F

⊗
W

O

V

≃

F
∧

[
n
]

⊗
W

O

V
∗

,

THom
⁡
(
F
,

O

V

)
≃
THom
⁡
(

F
∧

[
n
]
,

O

V
∗

)

\begin{align*} &F \otimes ^W \mathcal {O}_V \simeq F^\wedge [n] \otimes ^W \mathcal {O}_{V^*},\quad \operatorname {THom}(F,\mathcal {O}_V) \simeq \operatorname {THom}(F^\wedge [n],\mathcal {O}_{V^*}) \end{align*}

where

F
F

is a conic and

R

\mathbb {R}

-constructible sheaf on

V
V

and

F
∧

F^\wedge

is its Fourier-Sato transform. Some applications are discussed.
The adjoint representation of a reductive group and hyperplane arrangements
Authors: Douglass J. 
Published: July 2002

Let

G
G

be a connected reductive algebraic group with Lie algebra

g

\mathfrak g

defined over an algebraically closed field,

k
k

, with

char
⁡
k
=
0

\operatorname {char} k=0

. Fix a parabolic subgroup of

G
G

with Levi decomposition

P
=
L
U

P=LU

where

U
U

is the unipotent radical of

P
P

. Let

u

=
Lie
⁡
(
U
)

\mathfrak u=\operatorname {Lie}(U)

and let

z

\mathfrak z

denote the center of

Lie
⁡
(
L
)

\operatorname {Lie}(L)

. Let

T
T

be a maximal torus in

L
L

with Lie algebra

t

\mathfrak t

. Then the root system of

(

g

,

t

)

(\mathfrak g, \mathfrak t)

is a subset of

t

∗

\mathfrak t^*

and by restriction to

z

\mathfrak z

, the roots of

t

\mathfrak t

in

u

\mathfrak u

determine an arrangement of hyperplanes in

z

\mathfrak z

we denote by

A

z

\mathcal A^{\mathfrak z}

. In this paper we construct an isomorphism of graded

k
[

z

]

k[\mathfrak z]

-modules

Hom
G

⁡
(

g

∗

,
k
[

G

×
P

(

z

+

u

)

]
)
≅
D
(

A

z

)

\operatorname {Hom}_G(\mathfrak g^*, k[{G\times ^P(\mathfrak z+\mathfrak u)}]) \cong D(\mathcal A^{\mathfrak z})

, where

D
(

A

z

)

D(\mathcal A^{\mathfrak z})

is the

k
[

z

]

k[\mathfrak z]

-module of derivations of

A

z

\mathcal A^{\mathfrak z}

. We also show that

Hom
G

⁡
(

g

∗

,
k
[

G

×
P

(

z

+

u

)

]
)

\operatorname {Hom}_G(\mathfrak g^*, k[{G\times ^P(\mathfrak z+\mathfrak u)}])

and

k
[

z

]
⊗

Hom
G

⁡
(

g

∗

,
k
[
G

×
P

u

]
)

k[\mathfrak z] \otimes \operatorname {Hom}_G(\mathfrak g^*, k[G \times ^P \mathfrak u])

are isomorphic graded

k
[

z

]

k[\mathfrak z]

-modules, so

D
(

A

z

)

D(\mathcal A^{\mathfrak z})

and

k
[

z

]
⊗

Hom
G

⁡
(

g

∗

,
k
[
G

×
P

u

]
)

k[\mathfrak z] \otimes \operatorname {Hom}_G(\mathfrak g^*, k[G \times ^P \mathfrak u])

are isomorphic, graded

k
[

z

]

k[\mathfrak z]

-modules. It follows immediately that

A

z

\mathcal A^{\mathfrak z}

is a free hyperplane arrangement. This result has been proved using case-by-case arguments by Orlik and Terao. By keeping track of the gradings involved, and recalling that

g

\mathfrak g

affords a self-dual representation of

G
G

, we recover a result of Sommers, Trapa, and Broer which states that the degrees in which the adjoint representation of

G
G

occurs as a constituent of the graded, rational

G
G

-module

k
[
G

×
P

u

]

k[G\times ^P \mathfrak u]

are the exponents of

A

z

\mathcal A^{\mathfrak z}

. This result has also been proved, again using case-by-case arguments, by Sommers and Trapa and independently by Broer.
PALI: a database of alignments and phylogeny of homologous

protein structures
Authors: Sujatha S. , Balaji S. , Srinivasan N. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: PALI is a database of structure-based sequence alignments and phylogenetic relationships derived on the basis of three-dimensional structures of homologous proteins. This database enables grouping of pairs of homologous protein structures on the basis of their sequence identity calculated from the structure-based alignment and PALI also enables association of a new sequence to a family and automatic generation of a dendrogram combining the query sequence and homologous protein structures.
Availability: PALI can be accessed on the web at: http://pauling.mbu.iisc.ernet.in/~pali
Contact: ns@mbu.iisc.ernet.in
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Seeing is believing? A systematic review of credibility perceptions of live and remote video‐mediated communication in legal settings
Authors: Given‐Wilson Zoe , Memon Amina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere has been a dramatic increase in use of remote communication via audio‐visual technology since the COVID‐19 pandemic. This includes use in complex legal hearings where decisions rely heavily on credibility assessments of an individual and their interview statement. This is particularly relevant in legal settings where negative assessments can have adverse outcomes such as asylum applications which can result in deportation. Increasing use of remote communication technology raises the question of what research can tell us about how someone is perceived when interviewed live (in‐person) compared with via video‐mediation. A systematic review of the literature resulted in the selection of nine papers. Four themes were identified; decision‐maker's assumptions, frame of the camera, demeanour and detecting truth and lies. The results are discussed within the context of credibility judgements in asylum proceedings together with implications for further research and practice.
Electric Field Screening in Gate‐Tunable van der Waals 2D‐Metal/InSe Junctions
Authors: Shen Tao , Liu Jia , Liu Xinyi , Cheng Peng , Ren Ji‐Chang , Li Shuang , Liu Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe prediction of the dielectric response in 2D metal–semiconductor junctions (MSJs) is challenging since the screening is inhomogeneous. Herein, a generalized model is proposed to uncover the relationship between interfacial electrostatic screening and the modulation of Schottky barrier height (ΦSB) in 2D MSJs. This model is developed based on the effective dielectric constant, interfacial distance, and van der Waals gap that sheds light on the profound difference between dielectric screening in 2D and conventional MSJs. This model can predict the variation of ΦSB for a series of 2D MSJs. Combining thermionic field emission theory with the model, several compatible 2D metals are provided for low‐dimensional electronics, among which the α‐graphyne‐based junction exhibits the largest on/off ratio.