bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science Advisors and “Good Evidence”: A Case Study
Authors: Lombardo Gabi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter addresses the place of research ethics in evidence-informed policy and the role of those who are elevated to special roles to advise governments. Science advisors are one type of institutional link between scientific research and policymakers. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the role for science advisors to provide the main guarantee that the research, which provides the evidence for policymaking, is based on methodologically robust and ethically grounded scientific work. This relies on the academic training and culture of the science advisers. There is currently no forum where policymakersand academic/higher education institution (HEI) researchers can easily come together to work jointly to develop the process of continuous expert policy advice and evaluation in response to key national strategic issues. In progressing this agenda, it is critical to design effective structures to identify research demand from government and ethically sound research supply from HEIs and other sources over the long term, at least at national levels. Even more importantly, there are no declared standards in scientific policy advice, except the assumption that those who have received an academic training are assumed to be bounded by robust academic values and carry these with them into their new roles in providing scientific advice for policymaking. To explore this issue, this chapter examines the case of the International Network for Government Science Advice (INGSA). This is a gateway to the community of professional science advisers working inside governments, and to those engaged in other aspects of the production, brokerage and analysis of scientific advice, not just in the European Union (EU) but globally.
The UK Wave Power Project: Salter’s Duck
Authors: Iphofen Ron 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapteroutlines what happened to research into a new and unorthodox energy technology that could have helped displace traditional energy supply methods by extracting energy from the waves at sea. The project received funding filtered via the administrative structure of the traditional and competing energy system—nuclear power. The funding source constantly delayed and obstructed the supply of funds making day-to-day operations difficult to manage and the results of the research were assessed by experts who worked within the old technology and so had vested and conflicting interests. This case offers an example of trying to do research with integrity while the researchers were placed in a ‘no win’ situation. Considerable ethical reflection is required to fully understand the context in which the research had to be conducted. The lessons are apt for innovative disruptive technologies that are framed by political, economic and ideological constraints. Those constraints, together with the evident research misconduct that took place, can only be described as sabotage. Again, such actions must be understood in terms of the balance of many interests, most of which failed to live up to standards of professional research integrity.
Electricity Access, Decarbonization, and Integration of Renewables: Insights and Lessons from the Energy Transformation in Bangladesh, South Asia, and Sub-Sahara Africa
Authors: Groh Sebastian , Barner Lukas , Dumitrescu Raluca , Heinemann Georg , von Hirschhausen Christian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides an introduction to the book, identifies different perspectives, and describes the different sections of the book in more detail. It places the research issues in the context of the “great socio-ecological transformation” and defines different elements of this process. The chapter also includes the main take-away messages from subsequent book chapters.
100% Electrification but What Comes Next for Bangladesh? Lessons from Insiders
Authors: Wimmer Nancy 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn 2002 when over 70% of the country’s rural population had for generations never known electric light, the most dynamic off-grid electrification program in the world was launched. Its purpose: to provide rural households with Solar Home Systems. Within a decade, Bangladesh was on its way to becoming the world’s fastest growing off-grid solar market. This market did not emerge by chance. Here new ideas were at work with both the leadership and the resources to put them into practice: the World Bank as investor; IDCOL, Bangladesh’s financial intermediary, as project manager; and rural entrepreneurs as solar service providers. Yet, there is a further remarkable achievement in the Bangladesh energy market. Over 90% of the people in Bangladesh now have access to the electric grid. What role will solar technology play in future? Will the solar market move away from Solar Home Systems towards grid-connected distributed renewable energy systems? What is next for Bangladesh? These are the topics we want to explore in this chapter. This chapter reports hands-on experience from the insiders of the program, and relates their lessons from the past to perspectives for the future.
Policy Options While Increasing Share of Renewable Energy: Technology Choices for Peaking Power in the Context of Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Riya , Al Jubayer Abdullah , Sakib Kazi Sadman , Sakib Najmus , Saha Avijit , Khan M. Rezwan , Alam M. Shahedul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn Bangladesh, the peaking power plants that serve the peak time loads use conventional fossil fuels for power generation. These power stations remain idle for a good part of their operating life, which therefore results in a high overhead cost. Continuous integration of renewables into the grid is increasing the dependency on these, so far, feasibility of no other less-expensive options has been studied. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the financial feasibility of different alternative options. Three possible options were analyzed and the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) was compared with that of conventional peaking power plants. It was found that Battery-based storage systems are not financially feasible at this moment, while the nation’s lone hydro power plant promises financial feasibility if solar PV driven pumped hydro storage is implemented. We also report that if the nation continues to add solar PV power stations even with costly peaking power plants using traditional fuels, this hybrid option was counter intuitively found to be financially feasible.
Decentralized Electrification Pathways in Sub-Saharan Africa—Assessment of Experiences and Business Models
Authors: Arende George , Gonçalves Sofia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe transition to “SDG7 -modern and sustainable energy for all” may reconfigure the lives of citizens who live “outside the grid” in the rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. The decentralization approach for developing renewable energy in sub-Saharan Africa has constantly been promoted as a means to rural electrification. This paper reviews the barriers to private sector participation in decentralized electrification projects and the solutions that have been proposed and implemented. It is not only the economic approaches that are analysed but also some of the solutions or drivers that have contributed to rural electrification. There are specific technological pathways which have proven fruitful in sub-Saharan Africa that are unique to its economic and demographic settings and that otherwise would not be adopted or used in developed countries. This paper finally analyses these technological pathways with the objective of matching the drivers and obstacles to potential solutions. Long term energy planning with the integration of regional power pools is instrumental to reduce CAPEX as well as to increase the market size. Blended financing together with already working technologies such as pay-as-you-go, and mobile money will be the pillars to meeting SDG7 goals.
Identifying Effective Electrification Approaches and Combinations Thereof to Meet Universal Electricity Access Targets in Eastern Africa
Authors: Muchunku Charles , Heinemann Georg 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe gains made in increasing electricity access between 2010 and 2018 indicate the benefit of a multi-pronged approach to electrification, which combines on-grid and off-grid electrification approaches and efforts from both public and private actors. The gains still fall short of the rate of increase needed to achieve universal access to electricity by 2030, indicating the need to increase the effectiveness of the multi-pronged approach. To do this the paper applies the triple embeddedness framework theory. Within the scope of Eastern Africa, we consider actors in the delivery of electricity access (irrespective of approach or whether public or private) as delivering similar goods and services, and conceptualize them as a collective entity i.e., firms in the electrification industry. The paper then analyses how these firms are shaped by the industry regime and influenced by the socio-political and economic environments, with a view to identifying where and how external pressure can be exerted to stimulate and facilitate the reorientation and recreation required to make progress towards universal electricity access. Through this exercise we demonstrate that the triple embeddedness framework provides a structured way of laying out the key aspects associated with electrification to create a picture that enables one to ‘see the forest for the trees’ and identify where and how to achieve more effective complementarity between on and off-grid approaches, and public and private firms.
Von produktbasierten zu hybriden Geschäftsmodellen
Authors: Iking Bernhard , Guth Michael , Sander Stefan , Holtermans Wolfgang 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungÜber viele Jahrzehnte entschied sich der unternehmerische Erfolg am Markt in erster Linie über die Produktqualität und den Produktpreis. Für die Kaufentscheidung der Nutzer gewann in den letzten Jahren neben der Qualität-Preisrelation der begleitende Kundenservice im After Sales an Bedeutung. Durch Digitalisierungstechnologien, belastbare Datenautobahnen, neue Erkenntnisse im Bereich Künstlicher Intelligenz sowie Qualitätssprünge im Bereich Sensortechnik und Datenübertragung geraten die produktbasierten Geschäftsmodelle zusätzlich unter Druck. Die Bedeutung produktbegleitender Dienstleistungen nimmt aus Kundensicht immer mehr zu, da beispielsweise die Verarbeitung von Maschinendaten einen effizienteren Maschineneinsatz ermöglicht oder kostenträchtige Ausfallzeiten von Maschinen durch rechtzeitige Warnungen vermieden werden können. Aus diesem Grund sind insbesondere Unternehmen mit produktbasierten Geschäftsmodellen gut beraten, hybride Geschäftsmodelloptionen auf Relevanz und Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit zu prüfen. Ein vereinfachtes Relevanzmodell zu Anfang dieses Kapitels soll veränderungsbereiten Unternehmen bei der Entscheidungsfindung helfen, ob eine Hybridisierung ihres Geschäftsmodells Aussicht auf Erfolg verspricht. Anschließend werden einige praxisbewährte Methoden vorgestellt, durch die Firmen effektiv und effizient durch diesen Hybridisierungsprozess begleitet werden. Dabei wird auch die Frage diskutiert, ob dieser Hybridisierungsprozess eher durch externe Moderationsunterstützung durchgeführt werden sollte, oder ob dies auch durch eine firmeninterne Moderation geschehen kann. Die Eignung der vorgestellten Methodiken hängt im Wesentlichen von den firmenspezifischen Ausgangsbedingungen ab. Diese werden im jeweiligen Methodenüberblick systematisch vorgestellt, wie auch Hinweise zur idealen Teilnehmerstruktur am Workshop und Ratschläge zur optimalen Workshopmoderation. Da häufig die Geschäftsmodellerweiterung auf die Nutzung produktbasierter Daten abstellt, ergänzt ein Abschnitt zur rechtskonformen Nutzung maschinenbasierter Daten das Kapitel.
Management of anterior cruciate ligament revision in adults: the 2022 ESSKA consensus part I—diagnostics and preoperative planning
Authors: Tischer Thomas , Beaufilis Philippe , Becker Roland , Ahmad Sufian S. , Bonomo Marco , Dejour David , Eriksson Karl , Filardo Giuseppe , Feucht Matthias J. , Grassi Alberto , Wilson Adrian , Menetrey Jacques , Pujol Nicolas , Rathcke Martin , Seil Romain , Strauss Marc J. , Condello Vincenzo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this ESSKA consensus is to give recommendations based on evidence and expert opinion to improve diagnosis, preoperative planning, indication and surgical strategy in ACL revision.MethodsThe European expert surgeons and scientists were divided into four groups to participate in this consensus. A “literature group” (four surgeons); “steering group” (14 surgeons and scientists); “rating group” (19 surgeons) and finally “peer review group” (51 representatives of the ESSKA‐affiliated national societies from 27 countries). The steering group prepared eighteen question–answer sets. The quality of the answers received grades of recommendation ranging from A (high‐level scientific support), to B (scientific presumption), C (low level scientific support) or D (expert opinion). These question–answer sets were then evaluated by the rating group. All answers were scored from 1 to 9. The comments of the rating group were incorporated by the steering group and the consensus was submitted to the rating group a second time. Once a general consensus was reached between the steering and rating groups, the question–answer sets were submitted to the peer review group. A final combined meeting of all the members of the consensus was held to ratify the document.ResultsThe literature review for the diagnosis and preoperative planning of ACL revision revealed a rather low scientific quality. None of the 18 questions was graded A and six received a grade B. The mean rating of all the questions by the rating group was 8.4 ± 0.3. The questions and recommendations are listed below.ConclusionACL revision surgery is a widely debated subject with many different opinions and techniques. The literature reveals a poor level of standardisation. Therefore, this international consensus project is of great importance.Level of EvidenceII.
Optimisation of downskin parameters to produce metallic parts via laser powder bed fusion process: an overview
Authors: Viale Vittorio , Stavridis John , Salmi Alessandro , Bondioli Federica , Saboori Abdollah 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing technologies are considered advanced processes in which it is possible to produce complex shape components layer-by-layer. In these technologies, it is reported that in producing parts with angles higher than 45°, no support is required. Depending on the material below this angle, it is necessary to use the support structures to dissipate the heat and counterbalance the force of the recoding blade. During the building process, it is well documented that there is a risk of part detachment at low angles that can result in failure. On the other hand, a heavy dross formation on the downskin surface will occur if no failure happens, resulting in a surface with scarce quality. Hence, many efforts have been undertaken to face this challenge and study the effect of various parameters, such as layer thickness, laser power, and scan speed, on the quality of the downskin surface of the minimum printable angle without the support requirement. This review offers an overview of the last progress on the effect of process parameters on the surface quality of the downward surfaces in the production of complex parts via the laser powder bed fusion process. This review highlights the best practices that may be considered for future works to find effective parameters for producing complex shape components with low angles without support structures.
In-process belt-image-based material removal rate monitoring for abrasive belt grinding using CatBoost algorithm
Authors: Wang Yuxiang , Huang Xiaokang , Ren Xukai , Chai Ze , Chen Xiaoqi 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A reliable material removal rate (MRR) prediction method significantly optimizes the grinding surface quality and improves the processing efficiency for robotic abrasive belt grinding. Using worn-belt image features to predict MRR is a direct and reliable method; however, this method is rarely reported at present. This paper proposes an MRR prediction method for Inconel 718 grinding based on the abrasive belt image analysis and categorical boosting (CatBoost) algorithm. During belt grinding, four wear types of abrasive belts, namely fracture, adhesion, rubbing wear, and fall-off, are identified and analyzed. Under various grinding parameters, the experimental MRR rapidly decreases at first, then in a gradual manner. For an effective evaluation of belt wear severity, cutting grain area ratio, color moments, and texture features are extracted from belt images. MRR and abrasive belt image features are strongly correlated after normalization. All image features are taken into account for MRR prediction model training. Verification experiments indicate that the predicted data is in good agreement with the experimental data. The maximum absolute error, mean absolute error, root mean square error, and determination coefficient of the MRR prediction model are 0.17 μm, 0.4 μm, 0.2 μm, and 99.42%, respectively, which are superior to those of other popular machine learning algorithms. In this study, we present a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between MRR and abrasive belt characteristics, as well as demonstrate the feasibility of accurately predicting MRR using the CatBoost algorithm.
Effects of alcohol intoxication on driving performance, confidence in driving ability, and psychomotor function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Garrisson Harriet , Scholey Andrew , Verster Joris C. , Shiferaw Brook , Benson Sarah 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRationaleAlcohol-induced driving impairment can occur with any departure from a zero-blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Because intoxication is characterised by impaired judgement, drivers under the influence of alcohol may overestimate their capacity to safely operate a vehicle.ObjectivesThis study examined the effects of alcohol on driving performance, four-choice reaction time (FCRT), and self-rated confidence in driving ability. It specifically focused on alcohol doses equal to commonly enforced legal BAC limits (i.e. 0.05% and 0.08%).MethodsA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design was utilised. Seventeen participants were tested in three conditions: placebo and two alcohol conditions aiming for BACs of 0.05% and 0.08%. Participants underwent a baseline FCRT task and a 1-h simulated highway driving task before completing another FCRT task and rated their confidence in their driving ability.ResultsThe high and low alcohol dose conditions resulted in a mean BAC of 0.07%, and 0.04%, respectively (n = 17). The high BAC treatment significantly increased standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) by 4.06 ± 5.21 cm and standard deviation of speed (SDS) by 0.69 ± 0.17 km/h relative to placebo, while confidence in driving ability remained unchanged across treatments. FCRT performance was impaired by the high BAC treatment (all < 0.01), but there we no significant differences between placebo and low BAC conditions.ConclusionsThe findings of this study show that driving performance and associated psychomotor functioning become significantly impaired below legally permissible driving limits in some jurisdictions. We identified a dissociation between driving performance and subjective awareness of impairment. Despite a significantly diminished driving ability at 0.07% BAC, drivers were unaware of their impairment.
Local immunotherapy with the RNA-based immune stimulator CV8102 induces substantial anti-tumor responses and enhances checkpoint inhibitor activity
Authors: Lutz Johannes , Meister Michael , Habbeddine Mohamed , Fiedler Katja , Kowalczyk Aleksandra , Heidenreich Regina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImmunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment in recent years. Although currently approved checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) yield remarkable anti-tumoral responses in several cancer types, a substantial proportion of patients do not benefit from such therapies. Local activation of innate immune signaling pathways is a promising approach to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, induce anti-tumor immunity, and improve the efficacy of CPI therapies. Here, we assessed the mode of action and efficacy of the RNA-based innate immune stimulator CV8102 for local immunotherapy in preclinical models. Intratumoral (i.t.) administration of CV8102 activated innate immune responses in the tumor microenvironment and draining lymph nodes, resulting in a dose-dependent anti-tumoral response. Combining i.t. CV8102 with systemic anti-programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) treatment further enhanced anti-tumoral responses, inducing tumor infiltration and activation of CD8+ T cells. The resulting memory response prevented tumor growth in rechallenged animals and impaired the growth of non-injected distal tumors. Therefore, i.t. CV8102 delivery is a promising approach for local cancer immunotherapy, especially in combination with CPIs. Clinical testing of CV8102 is ongoing (NCT03291002).
Hand-assisted versus straight laparoscopy for colorectal surgery — a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Frois Ashley O. , Huang Yeqian , Young Christopher J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) is an alternative to straight laparoscopy (LAP) in colorectal surgery. Many studies have compared the two in terms of efficacy, complications, and outcomes. This meta-analysis aims to uncover if there are any significant differences in conversion rates, operative times, body mass index (BMI), incision lengths, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and length of stay.

Methods
Comprehensive searches were performed on databases from their respective inceptions to 16 December 2021, with a manual search performed through Scopus. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case series involving more than 10 patients were included.

Results
A total of 47 studies were found fitting the inclusion criteria, with 5 RCTs, 41 cohort studies, and 1 case series. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery was associated with lower conversion rates (odds ratio [OR] 0.41, 95%CI 0.28–0.60, p < 0.00001), shorter operative times (Mean Difference [MD] − 8.32 min, 95%CI − 14.05– − 2.59, p = 0.004), and higher BMI (MD 0.79, 95%CI 0.46–1.13, p < 0.00001), but it was also associated with longer incision lengths (MD 2.19 cm, 95%CI 1.66–2.73 cm, p < 0.00001), and higher postoperative complication rates (OR 1.15, 95%CI 1.06–1.24, p = 0.0004). Length of stay was not different in HALS as compared to Lap (MD 0.16 days, 95%CI − 0.06–0.38 days, p = 0.16, and intraoperative complications were the same between both techniques.

Conclusions
Hand-assisted laparoscopy is a suitable alternative to straight laparoscopy with benefits and risks. While there are many cohort studies comparing HALS and LAP, more RCTs would be needed for a better quality of evidence.