bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
164-LB: Association of Ceramide and Sphingolipid Species with Incident Prediabetes among Offspring of Parents with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: MANDAL NAWAJES , WAN JIM Y. , STENTZ FRANKIE B. , DAGOGO-JACK SAMUEL 
Published: May 2022

Objective: Sphingolipids (SPL) have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Here, we examined plasma SPL profiles in relation to prediabetes risk in Black and White adults.
Methods: Assessments included OGTT, insulin sensitivity (Si-clamp) and insulin secretion (AIRg) . Baseline plasma levels of 54 SPL species (ceramides {CER}, monohexosyl ceramides, sphingomyelins {SM}, and sphingosine {SO}) were assayed using LC/mass spectrometry. The initially normoglycemic adult with parental T2D were followed for 5y for the occurrence of prediabetes.
Results: The subjects' mean age was 48.1 + 8.69 y, BMI 30.1 + 5.78 kg/m2, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 92.7 + 5.84 mg/dl and 2-hrPG 121 + 23.3 mg/dl. We analyzed SPL data from 70 progressors to prediabetes (P) and 70 nonprogressors (NP) . After full adjustments, the levels of SO and saturated (Sat) SPLs (C26:0 CER, C26:0 SM) were higher, and unsaturated (Unsat) SPLs (C18:1 CER; C18:1 SM) and SM% of SPL were lower in P vs.NP (Table 1) . CER and SM levels correlated with Si-clamp and AIRg. The Sat/Unsat SPL ratios were higher in P vs. NP. The C18:0/C18:1 CER (OR 1.22, 95%CI [1.07 - 1.39], P=0.0028) and C26:0/C26:1 SM (OR 2.65, 95%CI [1.39 - 5.06], P=0.0032) ratios predicted prediabetes risk after adjusting for age, race, sex, BMI, FPG and 2hPG.
Conclusion: The Sat/Unsat ratios of CER and SM C18 and C26 predicted incident prediabetes in a diverse cohort, and may be potential biomarkers of prediabetes risk.

Disclosure
N. Mandal: None. J. Y. Wan: None. F. B. Stentz: None. S. Dagogo-jack: Consultant; AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medtronic, Merck & Co., Inc., Sanofi.

Funding
National Institutes of Health (5R01DK128129)
164-OR: Metoclopramide Restores the Counterregulatory Response to Hypoglycemia in Rodents
Authors: DEVORE MICAH H. , SHARMA SUNNY , FISHER SIMON 
Published: May 2022

To test the hypothesis that metoclopramide (a dopamine antagonist) may restore hypoglycemic counterregulation, 10-week old rats underwent recurrent (insulin-induced) hypoglycemia (RH) to induce a blunted sympathoadrenal response. RH rats were treated with vehicle or metoclopramide (RH+MET: 3 mg/kg IP) . A third control group did not undergo recurrent hypoglycemia (RS: recurrent saline) . MET was administered either during RH phase (concurrent protocol) or after RH (post-induction protocol) . All rats (n=7-14/group) underwent a hyperinsulinemic (50mU/kg/min) hypoglycemic (45±5 mg/dl) clamp. In the concurrent protocol, epinephrine response to hypoglycemia in RS (1434±275 pg/ml) was blunted in RH (460±1pg/ml, p&lt;0.vs. RS) and increased with MET (1072±141 pg/ml, p&lt;0.vs. RH) . In the post-induction protocol, epinephrine in RS (1949±413 pg/ml) was again blunted in RH (581±199 pg/ml, p&lt;0.vs. RS) and increased with MET (1460±202 pg/ml, P&lt;0.vs. RH) .
In summary, 1) metoclopramide prevented the development of an impaired sympathoadrenal response to hypoglycemia, and 2) in rodents that had an impaired response to hypoglycemia, subsequent metoclopramide treatment restored the sympathoadrenal response.
In conclusion, 1) dopaminergic signaling plays a role in the development of impaired counterregulation, and 2) post hoc treatment with metoclopramide improves the sympathoadrenal response to hypoglycemia.

Disclosure
M.H.Devore: None. S.Sharma: None. S.Fisher: None.

Funding
NIH R01DK118082
167-OR: Inequities in Glycemic Outcomes for Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: Six-Year (2016–2021) Longitudinal Follow-Up by Race and Ethnicity of 36,390 Patients in the T1Dx-QI Collaborative
Authors: EBEKOZIEN OSAGIE , NOOR NUDRAT , KAMBOJ MANMOHAN K. , ODUGBESAN ORI , MAJIDI SHIDEH , HOPKINS RACHEL , DEWIT EMILY L. , IZQUIERDO ROBERTO , AGARWAL SHIVANI , ALBANESE-O'NEILL ANASTASIA , MAAHS DAVID M. , CLEMENTS MARK A. , COLLABORATIVE T1DX-QI 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The multi-center T1D Exchange QI Collaborative (T1DX-QI) is a learning health network sharing de-identified electronic medical record data for type 1 diabetes (T1D) care improvement.
Objectives: To investigate trends in racial and ethnic inequities in glycemic outcomes in children and adults with T1D from 2016 to 2021.
Methods: Children and adults with T1D for at least 6 months in participating T1DX-QI centers with data available from 2016 to 2021 were included. Temporal trends by race and ethnicity in HbA1c were analyzed using regression models. Age, gender, duration of diabetes, insurance type, were adjusted as covariates.
Results: Figure 1, among 36,390 children and adults with T1D, HbA1c outcomes for Non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients decreased from 8.5% in 2016 to 8.2% in 2021 (p-0.001) , remained stable across the six years for Hispanic patients (8.9%) and Asian (8.4%) but increased for Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) from 9.6% in 2016 to 9.9% in 2021 (p-0.001) . The use of Insulin Pumps and CGM increased significantly among all groups.
Conclusions: Six years of longitudinal follow-up revealed lower HbA1c over time in NHW patients but higher HbA1c for NHB patients despite adjusting for multiple confounders. It is critical to address the root causes of inequities in NHB and patients of other racial minorities with T1D.

Disclosure
O.Ebekozien: None. A.Albanese-o'neill: Consultant; Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists, Provention Bio, Inc., Other Relationship; Insulet Corporation, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. D.M.Maahs: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Consultant; Aditx Therapeutics, Inc., Biospex. M.A.Clements: Consultant; Glooko, Inc., Research Support; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc. T1dx-qi collaborative: n/a. N.Noor: None. M.K.Kamboj: None. O.Odugbesan: n/a. S.Majidi: None. R.Hopkins: None. E.L.Dewit: None. R.Izquierdo: None. S.Agarwal: Advisory Panel; Medtronic, Consultant; Beta Bionics, Inc.

Funding
Helmsley Charitable Trust
168-OR: Patterns of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Utilization in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes, 2016–2019
Authors: LEE KATHERINE E. , FOWLKES JOHN , LACY MARY E. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves diabetes control by reducing HbA1c and decreasing rates of hypoglycemia. Despite clinical benefits and clear guidelines from the American Diabetes Association, &lt;20% of patients with T1DM use CGM. Studies report disparities in CGM among youth with T1D by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and region, but, insight into patterns of CGM utilization in adults with T1D is limited.
Methods: We evaluate CGM utilization among individuals with T1D age ≥18 using Truven MarketScan and Medicare Supplementary databases from 1/1/2016-12/31/2019. CGM utilization was determined using CPT, NDC and HCPCS codes. Individuals with &gt;365 days of continuous eligibility were followed from their first diabetes-related diagnosis code until: end of the study period, &gt;120 day gap in coverage, or CGM claim. CGM utilization was analyzed by patient demographics (age, sex, region, employment status) , and clinical characteristics (insulin pump, diabetes complications) .
Results: A total of 228,846 enrollees with T1D were included. Average (SD) age at baseline was 52.2 (16.8) ; 47% of the sample was female, 26% were on an insulin pump and the regional distribution of was: 26% North Central, 21% Northeast, 41% South, 11% West. Overall, 36.5% (n=60,034) of beneficiaries had a claim for CGM. Rates of CGM utilization ranged from 59% in those aged 18-25 to 16% in those 65+ (p&lt;0.0001) , 38% in women vs. 35% in men (p&lt;0.0001) , and 34% in North Central and Northeastern US vs. 40.2% in West (p&lt;0.0001) .
Conclusions: We found differential utilization of CGM by sex, age group and geographic region. Those aged 18-25 were 3 times more likely to utilize CGM compared to those 65+, a subgroup at high risk for severe hypoglycemic events and hypoglycemia unawareness. CGM is a highly effective tool for improving glucose control and preventing acute hypoglycemia, yet only 1/3 of the population sampled had evidence of use underscoring the need to understand barriers to utilization.

Disclosure
K.E.Lee: None. J.Fowlkes: None. M.E.Lacy: None.

Funding
National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000117, UL1TR001998, KL2TR001996)
170-LB: Identifying Atypical Diabetes Using i2b2 Algorithms in Electronic Health Records
Authors: KIKANI NUPUR , MONTES GRACIELA , GABA RUCHI , LIAO GLORIA , TOSUR MUSTAFA , REDONDO MARIA J. , BALASUBRAMANYAM ASHOK 
Published: May 2022

Investigating atypical forms of diabetes (other than types 1 or 2, monogenic or secondary) is the focus of research in the Rare and Atypical Diabetes Network (RADIANT) . It is difficult to identify persons with atypical diabetes using standard electronic health record (EHR) queries because there are no specific ICD codes for these phenotypes and wide range of clinical features. We aimed to develop an algorithm to identify individuals with searchable characteristics of atypical diabetes within the Baylor Medicine EHR using Informatics for Integrating Biology at the Bedside (i2b2) . I2b2 enables integration, standardization, and analysis of heterogenous quantitative and qualitative data from healthcare and research databases. Our i2b2 algorithm intended to look for patients coded as type 2 diabetes (T2D) but were very lean and lacked clinical features suggestive of systemic insulin resistance. We included new patient visits with ICD codes for T2D in the past year but excluded those with BMI &gt;20 kg/m2 and triglycerides &gt;100 mg/dL, or ICD codes for hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Next, we excluded patients with secondary causes of diabetes (cystic fibrosis, acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, chronic/acute pancreatitis or presence of islet autoantibodies (GAD65Ab, IA2Ab) . The algorithm identified 133 persons from a total EHR population of 3,685,797. Manual chart review confirmed that 18 patients (13.5%) met RADIANT criteria for atypical diabetes, while information was missing in the EHR to fully classify 8 patients (6%) and 1 patient was deceased (0.8%) . Those who fully met criteria for atypical diabetes had the following characteristics: 72% female, median BMI at diagnosis 19.8 kg/m2, median age at diagnosis 29 y, 75% with history of diabetic ketoacidosis and 19.5% currently on insulin. Algorithms built on data platforms such as i2b2 may be helpful in identifying patients who should be evaluated for atypical diabetes within standard EHR databases. They could optimize recruitment for research, identify disease trends and permit improved classification of diabetes subgroups.

Disclosure
N. Kikani: None. G. Montes: None. R. Gaba: None. G. Liao: None. M. Tosur: Advisory Panel; Provention Bio, Inc. M. J. Redondo: Advisory Panel; Provention Bio, Inc. A. Balasubramanyam: None.

Funding
The RADIANT Study is funded by U54 DK118638 and U54 DK118612 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
172-LB: Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated with Higher A1C and Glycemic Variability in a Cohort of Veterans followed Prospectively
Authors: AVRAMOVIC SANJA , SCHWARTZ MARK D. , ENQUOBAHRIE DANIEL , BOYKO EDWARD J. , WANDER PANDORA 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Early-onset type 2 diabetes in adults (eoT2D; T2D diagnosed between 18 and 39 years) is increasingly prevalent and is associated with high rates of diabetic complications. We hypothesized that eoT2D would be associated with adverse glycemic parameters (e.g., higher A1c and glycemic variability) .
Methods: We used data from the Veterans Administration Diabetes Risk Cohort, a dynamic cohort of all U.S. Veterans enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration since 1/1/08 who were free from diabetes at enrollment. Among participants who developed T2D (n=936,596) , we fit linear regression models examining associations of age at detection with A1c-based measures of glycemia.
Results: A ten-year younger age at detection was associated with a 0.24% higher A1c at T2D detection, a 0.29% higher mean A1c, a 0.02% higher A1c coefficient of variation (CV) , and a 0.02% higher A1c average real variability (ARV) . Compared to T2D with onset after 40 years, eoT2D was associated with a 0.73% higher A1c at T2D detection, a 0.82% higher mean A1c, a 0.05% higher CV, and a 0.04% higher ARV (all p&lt;0.0001, Table 1) .
Conclusions: eoT2D is associated with higher A1c and glycemic variability. Further study of glycemic trajectories, modifiable risk factors, and clinical course in this T2D subgroup are needed.

Disclosure
S. Avramovic: None. M. D. Schwartz: None. D. Enquobahrie: None. E. J. Boyko: None. P. Wander: None.
176-LB: Metformin Use among Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes and COVID-19—Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes from a Multiracial, Multiethnic Urban Cohort
Authors: MIAO EMILY , ZHANG KALEENA , LIU JIANYOU , LIN JUAN , GEORGE CLAUDENE 
Published: May 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) confers a two-fold increased risk of death from COVID-19 and overall poorer prognosis compared to the general population. Metformin is a widely used first-line antidiabetic agent with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Several studies report reduced COVID-19-related mortality in patients with DM on metformin. Few studies have corroborated these findings within a multiracial, multiethnic population.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with DM admitted with COVID-19 to 1 of 3 urban academic hospitals from 1/1/20 to 5/7/20. We compared in-hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS) in COVID-19 patients with diabetes on metformin compared to those not on metformin. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics were summarized and compared between both groups. Logistic regression and linear regression analysis were applied to study the association between metformin treatment and in-hospital mortality and LOS, respectively.
Results: A total of 4462 patients were identified. Overall, 46.9% were female, with a mean age of 64.4 years; 41.3% were Black and 41.5% Hispanic. There were 1021 in the metformin group and 3441 in the non-metformin group. The prevalence of hypertension (58.2% vs.37.5%, P&lt;.0001) and coronary artery disease (13.4% vs. 6.7%, P&lt;0.0001) was higher in the metformin group compared to the non-metformin group. BMI (30.5 vs. 29.4) , HbA1c (8.2 vs. 6.5) creatinine (1.6 vs. 2.1) , and mean number of antidiabetic agents (1.2 vs. 0.22) were also significantly higher in the metformin group. The odds of death (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.8-1.3; p=0.900) and mean LOS (p= 0.486) were not significantly different in the metformin vs. non-metformin group, after adjusting for confounding variables.
Conclusion: There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality and LOS in the metformin vs. non-metformin group. The metformin group had a significantly higher comorbidity burden, as well as higher BMI, mean HbA1c, and creatinine. Further prospective studies are needed.

Disclosure
E. Miao: None. K. Zhang: None. J. Liu: None. J. Lin: None. C. George: None.
177-LB: Obesity Paradox Related to Severe COVID in Diabetes
Authors: KAZLAUSKAITE RASA , DESAI PANKAJA , JACKSON-MORRIS ANGELA M. , NGONGO CARRIE , CUPLINSKAS NERIJA , NUGENT RACHEL 
Published: May 2022

The “obesity paradox” refers to an association between obesity and better outcomes (contrary to expected worse outcomes) . For example, lower mortality has been observed in diabetes patients with obesity compared to normal/overweight. An analytical cohort of n=5712 patients with diabetes was selected from the RUSH COVID Registry and electronic medical records data, spanning 21 months. Sociodemographic and diabetes characteristics were obtained on or before COVID diagnosis. Severe COVID was defined as fatal or requiring hospitalization. After excluding 23 cases without BMI, univariate and multivariate logistic regression with restricted cubic spline models were conducted to evaluate the association of BMI with severe COVID after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity. The resulting diverse cohort included 37.6% Latino, 37.5% Black, 19.5% White, and 5.3% other; 53.7% were women. Type 1 diabetes was identified in n=140, Type 2 diabetes in n=2730, and other/hybrid diabetes in n=2820. After adjustment for sex, age, race/ethnicity, diabetes type, and A1c a U-shaped relationship was observed between BMI and severe COVID with a nadir at BMI=30-45 kg/m2 (see figure) . A similar U-shaped relationship was seen in the association of fatal COVID in British diabetes patients with a nadir at BMI=25-29 kg/m2. The proposed explanation for the “obesity paradox” may be related to unintentional weight loss in diabetes patients with multimorbidity.

Disclosure
R. Kazlauskaite: None. P. Desai: None. A. M. Jackson-morris: None. C. Ngongo: None. N. Cuplinskas: None. R. Nugent: Consultant; AstraZeneca, Other Relationship; Novo Nordisk A/S, Speaker's Bureau; Abbott Diagnostics.

Funding
RTI International, and Rush University (R3 pilot grant 0272101.001.001)
177-OR: Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and the Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: ZHUO MIN , PAIK JULIE M. , WEXLER DEBORAH J. , EVERETT BRENDAN M. , D'ANDREA ELVIRA , GLYNN ROBERT , KIM SEOYOUNG C. , PATORNO ELISABETTA 
Published: May 2022

The role of SGLT-2i in the primary prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear from clinical trials. We assessed the association of SGLT-2i use and incident AF in routine clinical practice. Using Medicare claims data 2013-2018, we identified patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and aged ≥66 years with no AF history (i.e., no diagnosis, procedure or medication codes suggestive of underlying AF at baseline) initiating an SGLT-2i or a comparator (a DPP-4i or a GLP-1RA) , in two pairwise comparisons (74,868 and 80,475 1:1 propensity score-matched pairs, respectively) . The primary outcome was AF hospitalization. Secondary outcomes were AF diagnosis in any care setting and AF treated with medications. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and rate differences (RDs, per 1000 patient-year) , in the matched groups, well-balanced across 138 baseline covariates. Over a median follow-up of approximately 6 months, the risk of AF hospitalization was lower in the SGLT-2i group than the DPP-4i group (HR, 0.82 [95%CI, 0.76-0.89]; RD, -3.7 [95%CI, -5.2, -2.2]) or the GLP-1RA group (HR, 0.90 [95%CI, 0.83-0.98]; RD, -1.8 [95%CI, -3.2, -0.3]) (Table) . Findings for secondary outcomes were consistent with the primary outcome. In routine care, SGLT-2i use was associated with a reduction in the risk of incident AF, compared to DPP-4i or GLP-1RA among older patients with T2D.

Disclosure
M.Zhuo: None. J.M.Paik: None. D.J.Wexler: Other Relationship; Elsevier, Novo Nordisk, UpToDate. B.M.Everett: Consultant; Gilead Sciences, Inc., Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly, Provention Bio, Inc., UpToDate, Other Relationship; American Heart Association, Research Support; Novo Nordisk. E.D'andrea: None. R.Glynn: None. S.C.Kim: Research Support; AbbVie Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pfizer Inc., Roche Pharmaceuticals. E.Patorno: Research Support; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, National Institutes of Health, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute.
184-OR: Antigen-Presenting Cells Can Generate Hybrid Peptides Identified in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: KHOKHAR SHAZAD A. , LIU MI , GAGLIA JASON L. 
Published: May 2022

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by selective loss of pancreatic β-cells. Aberrant reactivity to insulin and insulin precursor peptides has long been considered important in the pathogenesis of T1D. Recently, T cells recognizing hybrid insulin peptides (HIPs) have been described, first in a rodent model and later in human T1D. A HIP is a CD4 T-cell epitope that is formed by the post-translational fusion of two peptide fragments with at least one of the peptide fragments derived from insulin or a precursor. HIP formation can occur intra- or intermolecularly. The role of these HIPs in the pathogenesis of T1D remains unclear. Others have proposed that HIPs are formed in β-cells during crinophagy of secretory granules. As ultrastructural studies have demonstrated that β-cells can transfer secretory vesicles to local antigen presenting cells (APCs) , we hypothesized that APCs could similarly generate HIPs via protease mediated transpeptidation. To test this, we manufactured peptide-containing nanocarriers mimicking β-cell secretory vesicles to transfer selected peptides to APCs in both mouse and human in vitro systems utilizing donor APCs and CD4 TCR transgenic T cells or a CD4 transductant reporter cells respectively. Here, we demonstrate the subsets of APCs which are capable of intramolecular and intermolecular HIP formation. We further demonstrate that this formation can be blocked by proteosome inhibition. Our study identifies a novel mechanism for the generation of HIPs recognized in T1D.

Disclosure
S.A.Khokhar: None. M.Liu: None. J.L.Gaglia: Advisory Panel; Dompé, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Consultant; Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Research Support; Avotres Inc., Dompé, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Provention Bio, Inc., Stock/Shareholder; Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated.

Funding
National Institutes of Health 5P30DK036836JDRF 5-ECR-2016-186-A-N
186-LB: Relationship of the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Hyperglycemia without DM Diagnosis at Hospital Admission with the Evolution of Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 in a Private Hospital Center in Asunción-Paraguay
Authors: CANATA MARIA G. , LOGWIN SERGIO A. , BUENO COLMAN ELVIO D. , BENITEZ ALDO , FRETES ARIEL J. , BRUNSTEIN DIEZ PEREZ GERARDO , BORDON CLAUDIA , JIMENEZ JORGE T. , PALACIOS MAFALDA 
Published: May 2022

Aim: To analyze the relationship between diagnosis of DM, Hyperglycemia of hospital admission and evolution of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Sanatorium “Las Lomas” Asunción, Paraguay. Materials and methods: Observational, analytical, case-control, retrospective design. Total population: 304 patients. Study period: September 2020 to March 2021. Definitions: Controls (Group 1) : Demographically similar patients without diagnosis of DM or Hyperglycemia at hospital admission. Non-probabilistic sampling, consecutive cases.
Cases: adult patients ≥18 years, both sexes, hospitalized for COVID-19 with diagnosis of DM (Group 2) or Hyperglycemia at admission without prior diagnosis of DM (Group 3) Admission hyperglycemia was considered 140 mg/dl.
Results: Of the 304 patients selected: 100 were from Group 1 (G1) , 102 from Group 2 (G2) and 102 from Group 3 (G3) . The length of hospital stay was 7, 10 and 10 days, for G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Mortality was 5%, 10.7% (OR: 2.3 p: 0.12) and 11.7% (OR: 2.5 P: 0.08) for G1, G2 and G3 respectively. It was observed in G1, G2 and G3: the need for O2: 56%, 57.8% (OR: 1.07 p: 0.79) and 71.5% (OR: 2 p: 0.02) ; the use of high-flow cannula was necessary in 7%, 10,7% (OR: 1.6 p: 0.34) and 17.6% (OR: 2.8 p: 0.02) ; ICU admission in 11%, 25.4% (OR: 2.8 p: 0.007) 27.4% (OR: 3 p: 0.003) ; need for mechanical ventilation: 8%, 22.5% (OR: 3.3 p: 0.004) , 21.5% (OR: 3.1 p: 0.006) ; need for dialysis: 2%, 3.9% (OR: 2 p: 0.42) , 6.8% (OR: 3.6% p: 0.09) . The occurrence of complications: 11%, 30.3% (OR: 3.5 p: 0.000) , 34.3% (OR: 4,2 p: 0,000)
Conclusion: The need for admission to ICU, mechanical ventilation, and occurrence of complications were significantly more frequent in patients with DM than controls. Mortality was no different statistically. In patients with hyperglycemia without prior diagnosis of DM, mortality was more frequent, but without statistical significance. The rest of the variables of bad evolution except the need for dialysis were all more frequent.

Disclosure
M. G. Canata: None. S. A. Logwin: None. E. D. Bueno colman: None. A. Benitez: None. A. J. Fretes: None. G. Brunstein diez perez: None. C. Bordon: None. J. T. Jimenez: None. M. Palacios: None.