bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver Transplantation Using Allografts With Recent Liver Blunt Trauma: A Nationwide Audit From the French CRISTAL Biomedicine Agency Registry
Authors: Seckler Florian , Turco Célia , Mohkam Kayvan , Addeo Pietro , Robin Fabien , Cauchy François , Maulat Charlotte , Brustia Raffaele , Paquette Brice , Faitot François , Weil Verhoeven Delphine , Minello Anne , Lakkis Zaher , Di Martino Vincent , Latournerie Marianne , Chiche Laurence , El Amrani Mehdi , Bucur Petru , Navarro Francis , Chopinet Sophie , Chirica Mircea , Gagnière Johan , Iannelli Antonio , Cheisson Gaëlle , Chardot Christophe , Sommacale Daniele , Muscari Fabrice , Dondero Federica , Sulpice Laurent , Bachellier Philippe , Scatton Olivier , Mabrut Jean Yves , Heyd Bruno , Doussot Alexandre 
Published: December 2022

Background.
In the current setting of organ shortage, brain-dead liver donors with recent liver trauma (RLT) represent a potential pool of donors. Yet, data on feasibility and safety of liver transplantation (LT) using grafts with RLT are lacking.

Methods.
All liver grafts from brain-dead donors with RLT proposed for LT between 2010 and 2018 were identified from the nationwide CRISTAL registry of the Biomedicine Agency. The current study aimed at evaluating 1-y survival as the primary endpoint.

Results.
Among 11 073 LTs, 142 LTs (1.3%) using grafts with RLT were performed. These 142 LTs, including 23 split LTs, were performed from 131 donors (46.1%) of 284 donors with RLT proposed for LT. Transplanted grafts were procured from donors with lower liver enzymes levels (P < 0.001) and less advanced liver trauma according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma liver grading system (P < 0.001) compared with not transplanted grafts. Before allocation procedures, 20 (7%) of 284 donors underwent damage control intervention. During transplantation, specific liver trauma management was needed in 19 patients (13%), consisting of local hemostatic control (n = 15), partial hepatic resection on back-table (n = 3), or perihepatic packing (n = 1). Ninety-day mortality and severe morbidity rates were 8.5% (n = 12) and 29.5% (n = 42), respectively. One-year overall and graft survival rates were 85% and 81%, and corresponding 5-y rates were 77% and 72%, respectively.

Conclusions.
Using liver grafts from donors with RLT seems safe with acceptable long-term outcomes. All brain-dead patients with multiorgan trauma, including liver injury, should be considered for organ allocation.
Effectiveness of COVID-19 treatment with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir or molnupiravir among U.S. Veterans: target trial emulation studies with one-month and six-month outcomes
Authors: Bajema Kristina L. , Berry Kristin , Streja Elani , Rajeevan Nallakkandi , Li Yuli , Yan Lei , Cunningham Francesca , Hynes Denise M. , Rowneki Mazhgan , Bohnert Amy , Boyko Edward J. , Iwashyna Theodore J. , Maciejewski Matthew L. , Osborne Thomas F. , Viglianti Elizabeth M. , Aslan Mihaela , Huang Grant D. , Ioannou George N. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundInformation about the effectiveness of oral antivirals in preventing short- and long-term COVID-19-related outcomes during the Omicron surge is limited. We sought to determine the effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and molnupiravir for the outpatient treatment of COVID-19.MethodsWe conducted three retrospective target trial emulation studies comparing matched patient cohorts who received nirmatrelvir-ritonavir versus no treatment, molnupiravir versus no treatment, and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir versus molnupiravir in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Participants were Veterans in VHA care at risk for severe COVID-19 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the outpatient setting during January and February 2022. Primary outcomes included all-cause 30-day hospitalization or death and 31-180-day incidence of acute or long-term care admission, death, or post-COVID-19 conditions. For 30-day outcomes, we calculated unadjusted risk rates, risk differences, and risk ratios. For 31-180-day outcomes, we used unadjusted time-to-event analyses.ResultsParticipants were 90% male with median age 67 years and 26% unvaccinated. Compared to matched untreated controls, nirmatrelvir-ritonavir-treated participants (N=1,587) had a lower 30-day risk of hospitalization (27.10/1000 versus 41.06/1000, risk difference [RD] - 13.97, 95% CI -23.85 to -4.09) and death (3.15/1000 versus 14.86/1000, RD -11.71, 95% CI - 16.07 to -7.35). Among persons who were alive at day 31, further significant reductions in 31-180-day incidence of hospitalization (sub-hazard ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.37) or death (hazard ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.08) were not observed. Molnupiravir-treated participants aged ≥65 years (n=543) had a lower combined 30-day risk of hospitalization or death (55.25/1000 versus 82.35/1000, RD -27.10, 95% CI -50.63 to -3.58). A statistically significant difference in 30-day or 31-180-day risk of hospitalization or death was not observed between matched nirmatrelvir- or molnupiravir-treated participants. Incidence of most post-COVID conditions was similar across comparison groups.ConclusionsNirmatrelvir-ritonavir was highly effective in preventing 30-day hospitalization and death. Short-term benefit from molnupiravir was observed in older groups. Significant reductions in adverse outcomes from 31-180 days were not observed with either antiviral.
A long-acting GDF15 analog causes robust, sustained weight loss and reduction of food intake in an obese non-human primate model
Authors: Zheng Songmao , Polidori David , Wang Yuanping , Geist Brian , Lin-Schmidt Xiefan , Furman Jennifer L. , Nelson Serena , Nawrocki Andrea R. , Hinke Simon A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGDF15 is a circulating polypeptide associated with cellular stress, and recently linked to metabolic adaptation. GDF15 has a half-life of approximately 3 hours in and acts at the GFRAL receptor selectively expressed in the area postrema. To characterize the effects of sustained GFRAL agonism on food intake (FI) and body weight (BW), we developed a half-life extended analog of GDF15 (Compound H; CpdH) suitable for reduced dosing frequency and tested its effects in obese cynomolgus monkeys. Animals were treated once weekly for 12 weeks with 0.048, 0.16, or 1.6 mg/Kg of CpdH or with 0.02 mg/Kg of the long-acting GLP-1 analog dulaglutide as a positive control. FI was measured daily and BW was measured biweekly. Mechanism-based longitudinal exposure-response (E-R) modeling was performed to characterize the effects of CpdH and dulaglutide on FI and BW. The integrated novel model accounts for both acute, exposure-dependent effects of treatments to reduce FI and the compensatory changes in energy expenditure (EE) and FI that occur over time in response to weight loss. CpdH had approximately linear, dose-proportional pharmacokinetics with a half-life of ≈8 days and treatment with CpdH led to dose- and exposure-dependent reductions in FI and BW. The 1.6 mg/Kg CpdH dose reduced mean FI by 57.5% at 1 week and provided sustained FI reductions of 31.5% from weeks 9-12, leading to a peak reduction in BW of 16±5%. Dulaglutide had more modest effects on FI (reductions between 15-40%) and peak BW loss was 3.8±4.0%. Longitudinal modeling of both the FI and BW profiles suggested reductions in BW observed with both CpdH and dulaglutide were fully explained by the exposure-dependent reductions in FI without any increase in EE. Upon verification of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship established in monkeys and human for dulaglutide, we predicted that CpdH could reach double digit BW loss in human. In summary, treatment with a long-acting GDF15 analog led to sustained dose- and exposure-dependent reductions in food intake in a monkey model of obesity and holds potential for effective clinical obesity pharmacotherapy.Significance StatementGDF15 activation of GFRAL receptors in the hindbrain controls food intake and body weight. Here we describe the effect and durability of a circulating half-life extended analog of GDF15 (Compound H) on food intake and body weight loss in a spontaneously obese cynomolgus monkey model. Inclusion of a translational treatment arm with a weight loss agent, dulaglutide, permitted pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and comparison of both GDF15 and GLP-1 based weight loss mechanisms, and development of an allometric scaling based mathematical model to estimate the efficacy of Compound H in human obese subjects.
What is learned determines how Pavlovian conditioned fear is consolidated in the brain
Authors: Leake Jessica , Leidl Dana M. , Lay Belinda P. P. , Fam Justine P. , Giles Madeleine C. , Qureshi Omar A. , Westbrook R. Frederick , Holmes Nathan M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractActivity in the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA) is needed to encode fears acquired through contact with both innate sources of danger (i.e., things that are painful) and learned sources of danger (e.g., being threatened with a gun). However, within the BLA, the molecular processes required to consolidate the two types of fear are not the same: protein synthesis is needed to consolidate the first type of fear (so-called first-order fear) but not the latter (so-called second-order fear). The present study examined why first- and second-order fears differ in this respect. To do so, it used a range of conditioning protocols in rats and assessed the effects of a BLA infusion of the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, on fear to first- and second-order conditioned stimuli. The results revealed that the differential protein synthesis requirements for consolidation of first- and second-order fears reflect differences in what is learned in each case. Protein synthesis in the BLA is needed to consolidate fears that result from encoding of relations between stimuli in the environment (stimulus-stimulus associations, typical for first-order fear) but is not needed to consolidate fears that form when environmental stimuli associate directly with fear responses emitted by the animal (stimulus-response associations, typical for second-order fear). Thus, the substrates of Pavlovian fear conditioning in the BLA depend on the way that the environment impinges upon the animal. This is discussed with respect to theories of amygdala function in Pavlovian fear conditioning, and ways in which stimulus-response associations might be consolidated in the brain.
Neurogenic defects underlie functional bladder outflow tract obstruction associated with biallelic variants inLRIG2
Authors: Grenier Celine , Lopes Filipa M. , Cueto-González Anna M , Rovira-Moreno Eulàlia , Gander Romy , Jarvis Benjamin W , McCloskey Karen D. , Gurney Alison M. , Beaman Glenda M. , Newman William G. , Woolf Adrian S. , Roberts Neil A. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTUrinary tract malformations account for half of all children with kidney failure, and some have defined monogenic causes. One such disorder is urofacial, or Ochoa, syndrome (UFS), an autosomal recessive disease featuring a dyssynergic bladder with detrusor smooth muscle contracting against an undilated outflow tract. Incomplete voiding predisposes to urosepsis and kidney failure. Half of individuals with UFS carry biallelic variants inHPSE2, whereas some carry variants inLRIG2(leucine rich repeats and immunoglobulin like domains 2). We report one new kindred where the index case presented with fetal hydronephrosis and postnatally had urosepsis and functional bladder outlet obstruction. He had the grimace that, together with urinary tract disease, characterizes UFS. WhileHPSE2sequencing was normal, he carried a homozygous, predicted pathogenic, stop variant (c.1939C>T; p.Arg647*) inLRIG2. Hypothesizing that neurogenic defects underlieLRIG2-associated bladder dysfunction, we studiedLrig2homozygous mutant mice. Juveniles had enlarged bladders andex vivophysiology experiments showed neurogenic defects in outflow tract relaxation. Mutants also displayed abnormal detrusor contractility. Moreover, there were nuanced differences in physiological defects between the sexes. The current case emphasizes that urinary tract disease in UFS begins before birth. Putting this family in the context of all reported urinary tract disease-associatedLRIG2variants, the urinary and facial phenotype of UFS occurs with biallelic putative loss of function variants, but missense variants lead to bladder-limited disease without the grimace. Finally, our murine observations support the hypothesis that UFS is a genetic autonomic neuropathy of the bladder affecting outflow tract and bladder body function.
Healthy eating and physical activity: analysing Soweto’s young adults’ perspectives with an intersectionality lens
Authors: Mukoma Gudani , Bosire Edna N , Klingberg Sonja , Norris Shane A 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and objectivesNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are taking a toll on Africa’s youth at younger ages than in other regions. These are attributed to risk factors that usually advance in adolescence, such as unhealthy diets and reduced physical activity. Young adults in South Africa, particularly women, tend to be sedentary, consume energy-dense diets low in micronutrients, and are more likely to develop NCDs much earlier in life than those in high-income countries. With an intersectionality perspective, this study explored young adults’ barriers and solutions to addressing these risk factors in Soweto.SettingSoweto, Johannesburg, South Africa, is one of the most well-known historically disadvantaged townships known for its established communities, and socioeconomic and cultural diversity.DesignA qualitative investigation utilising focus group discussions (FGDs) with a topic guide. FGDs were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using a combination of deductive and inductive approaches.ParticipantsMen and women 18-24 years of age living in Soweto (n =30).ResultsSouth African young adults have a basic understanding of the significance of nutrition, exercise, and their ties to health. However, numerous barriers to such behaviours were reported, arising from the participants’ personal, domestic, social, and local community levels. Young women experienced sexism and had safety concerns while exercising in the streets, while young men tended to describe themselves as lazy.ConclusionsYoung adults face a multitude of intersecting barriers, making it difficult to adopt or sustain health-promoting behaviours. It is important that potential solutions focus on the intersections of barriers to healthy eating and physical activity in order to provide more realistic support for such behaviours.
Heterogeneity in theM. tuberculosisβ-lactamase inhibition by Sulbactam
Authors: Malla Tek Narsingh , Zielinski Kara , Aldama Luis , Bajt Sasa , Feliz Denisse , Hayes Brendon , Hunter Mark , Kupitz Christopher , Lisova Stella , Knoska Juraj , Martin-Garcia Jose , Mariani Valerio , Pandey Suraj , Poudyal Ishwor , Sierra Raymond G. , Tolstikova Alexandra , Yefanov Oleksandr , Yoon Chung Hong , Ourmazd Abbas , Fromme Petra , Schwander Peter , Barty Anton , Chapman Henry N. , Stojkovic Emina A. , Batyuk Alex , Boutet Sébastien , Phillips George N. , Pollack Lois , Schmidt Marius 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor decades, researchers have been determined to elucidate essential enzymatic functions on the atomic lengths scale by tracing atomic positions in real time. Our work builds on new possibilities unleashed by mix-and-inject serial crystallography (MISC)1-5at X-ray free electron laser facilities. In this approach, enzymatic reactions are triggered by mixing substrate or ligand solutions with enzyme microcrystals6. Here, we report in atomic detail and with millisecond time-resolution how theMycobacterium tuberculosisenzyme BlaC is inhibited by sulbactam (SUB). Our results reveal ligand binding heterogeneity, ligand gating7-9, cooperativity, induced fit10,11and conformational selection11-13all from the same set of MISC data, detailing how SUB approaches the catalytic clefts and binds to the enzyme non-covalently before reacting to atrans-enamine. This was made possible in part by the application of the singular value decomposition14to the MISC data using a newly developed program that remains functional even if unit cell parameters change during the reaction.
The usability of a novel mobile augmented reality application for excavation process considering safety and productivity in construction
Authors: Abdeen Fathima Nishara , Gunatilaka Randima Nirmal , Sepasgozar Samad M.E. , Edwards David John 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This study aims to assess the usability of augmented reality (AR) based mobile app for excavation and earthmoving processes using a novel tool entitled Excavator Augmented Reality (EAR).

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed-methods research approach was used through conducting experimentation to collect qualitative and quantitative data collected from the Sri Lankan construction sector. EAR app was used for experimentation in outdoor areas examining how a 360° tracked hydraulic excavator can be navigated in different physical environments similar to the real prospected job.

Findings
The findings reveal that EAR could make a considerable impact on enhancing productivity, safety and training processes. However, the developed EAR App subjected to assessment demonstrated the highest satisfaction gap for the auditory aspects. Among the remaining criterion, the satisfaction met user expectations for comfortability and no-risk practice. An analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT analysis) conducted revealed that visualising the excavator activities and the requirements of improved features were the highest agreed strengths and weaknesses of the EAR. Among the opportunities for improvement, the necessity of improving emergency and safety reached the highest agreement. Moreover, the study presented the challenges in introducing mobile augmented reality (MAR) to the construction sector under the political, economic, sociocultural, technological, environmental and legal (PESTEL) model along with solutions to be taken.

Originality/value
This study provides a novel approach to addressing the safety, productivity and training concerns in heavy mobile plants and machinery on construction sites which remains to be unexplored to this end.
To tender or not: an investor’s dilemma in the first hostile takeover in Indian IT services industry
Authors: Joshipura Mayank , Sivaraman Vasant 
Published: December 2022

Learning outcomesThe learning outcomes of this study are as follows:1. Learn to analyze a hostile takeover bid from the perspectives of the acquirer, target firm’s management and a large institutional investor in the target firm.2. Review the structuring, financing, valuation, mode of consideration, legal and regulatory aspects of a hostile takeover.3. Understand the role of the target firm’s board in a hostile takeover transaction.4. Address “to sell or not to sell” dilemma of a large institutional investor in the target firm in the event of a tender offer given financial and non-financial considerations.Case overview/synopsisOn June 14, 2019, Pulak Prasad, Founder and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) at Nalanda Capital, in consultation with other managing partners at Nalanda Capital, had to decide whether to tender a 10.6% equity holding in Mindtree Ltd. in an unsolicited open offer made by Larsen and Toubro (L&T) Ltd. Until then, Nalanda Capital, led by Prasad, had aligned with the Mindtree founders and had led a campaign to thwart L&T’s bid to acquire Mindtree; L&T’s offer to acquire 31% of Mindtree shares was because of open on June 17, 2019 and it is time for Prasad and the management team to take a reasoned call – whether to stay in Mindtree or to exit? Associated aspects included – What could be the consequences of not selling the stake? What could be L&T’s game plan? Could Mindtree continue to create wealth for its shareholders under L&T?Complexity academic levelThis case is appropriate for Mergers & Acquisitions and Strategic Financial Management courses in modules focused on structuring, financing and takeover defence techniques in a hostile takeover transaction. The case is appropriate for graduate MBA and EMBA programmes.Supplementary materialsTeaching notes are available for educators only.Subject codeCSS 1: Accounting and Finance.
Organizational leisure benefits – a resource to facilitate employees’ work-life balance?
Authors: Strassburger Claudia , Wachholz Felix , Peters Mike , Schnitzer Martin , Blank Cornelia 
Published: December 2022

PurposeUsing the job demands-resources (JD-R) model as a theoretical foundation, this study aims to explore the potential of organizational leisure benefit programs in the interplay of job demands and perceived work-life balance.Design/methodology/approachThis article is based on qualitative data collected from semi-structured interviews with 24 hospitality industry employees in Austria.FindingsThematic analysis revealed that organizational leisure benefits can play different roles in the context of job demands depending on the individual’s perceptions of work-life balance. Three major themes were identified, showing that organizational leisure benefits can be a multifaceted organizational resource (1) to facilitate employees’ leisure participation, (2) to boost employees’ recovery or (3) to meet the employees’ need for workplace fun. The results also demonstrated the limitations of organizational leisure benefits, showing that in case employees are constantly experiencing private duties that interfere with recovery during leisure time, leisure benefits do not play any role regarding their perception of work-life balance.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the scare literature on organizational leisure benefits and clarifies their potential, and limitations, as an emerging organizational resource. In particular, findings broaden existing research in the context of the JD-R model by showing that the notion of job resources can stretch beyond workplace resources and can also encompass organizational leisure support.
Microclimatic quality of urban routes and pedestrian behavior in arid zones case of the city of Biskra, South-East Algeria
Authors: Boumaraf Hocine , Amireche Louisa 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to implement a methodology intended to identify the links between the microclimatic quality of urban routes and the behavior of pedestrians. This document will open up new opportunities for the development of urban open spaces and facilitate decision-making for urban decision-makers.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology intended to identify the links between the microclimatic quality of urban routes and the behavior of pedestrians is deployed in two stages. The first stage represents a microclimatic characterization of the pedestrian routes. The second step represents a behavioral characterization of these same journeys, based on the on-site video observation of the pedestrians.FindingsThe analysis of the results obtained by applying this method shows that the physical factors of the urban environment in the two climatic seasons (winter, summer) significantly influence the choice of routes, the percentage of route use, the speed of travel and the frequency of user stops.Originality/valueThe authors have recently observed that the issue of the influence of microclimatic factors on the behavior of pedestrians, and more particularly their movements, has only rarely been addressed. It is therefore in this context that the authors would like to provide, through this article, some technical solutions for analysis and characterization as well as some answers to the problem of the influence of microclimatic factors on pedestrian movements.