bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidating structural patterns in hydrogen bond dense materials: a study of ammonium salts of (4‐aminium‐1‐hydroxybutylidine)‐1,1‐bisphosphonic acid.
Authors: Forsyth Craig. M. , Greenhill Neil B. , Junk Peter C. , Deacon Glen B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe syntheses and structures of ammonium salts of the active pharmaceutical agent (4‐aminium‐1‐hydroxybutylidine)‐1,1‐bisphosphonic acid (alendronic acid, LH5) have been examined. Three deprotonation states of the parent acid were achieved i. e. LH4−, LH32− and LH23−, and crystallisation gave a total of six different structural phases including [NH4][LH4] ⋅ 2(H2O) as two polymorphs 1 a and 1 b, two hydrates of [NH4]2[LH3] ⋅ x(H2O), x=3 (2), x=6 (3), [NH4]5[LH3][LH2] ⋅ 8(H2O) (4) and [NH4]3[LH2] ⋅ 3(H2O) (5). The crystal structures obtained, along with that of the parent acid, enable a direct comparison of competing supramolecular synthons, involving phosphonate‐phosphonate O−H⋅⋅⋅O and ammonium‐phosphonate N−H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds, in a series displaying progressively decreasing P‐OH with concomitantly increasing RNH3+ moieties. Indeed, the structures show some consistent connectivity patterns of the alendronate units, which thus assemble into substructures such as 2‐D sheets (LH5 ⋅ H2O, 1 a), zig‐zag chains (2, 5) or ladder‐like arrays (3, 4). The occurrence of these motifs appears to correlate with the ionisation level of the parent acid.
Sparse polynomial equations and other enumerative problems whose Galois groups are wreath products
Authors: Esterov A. , Lang L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe introduce a new technique to prove connectivity of subsets of covering spaces (so called inductive connectivity), and apply it to Galois theory of problems of enumerative geometry. As a model example, consider the problem of permuting the roots of a complex polynomial $$f(x) = c_0 + c_1 x^{d_1} + \cdots + c_k x^{d_k}$$

f

(
x
)

=

c
0

+

c
1

x

d
1

+
⋯
+

c
k

x

d
k

by varying its coefficients. If the GCD of the exponents is d, then the polynomial admits the change of variable $$y=x^d$$

y
=

x
d

, and its roots split into necklaces of length d. At best we can expect to permute these necklaces, i.e. the Galois group of f equals the wreath product of the symmetric group over $$d_k/d$$

d
k

/
d

elements and $${\mathbb {Z}}/d{\mathbb {Z}}$$

Z
/
d
Z

. We study the multidimensional generalization of this equality: the Galois group of a general system of polynomial equations equals the expected wreath product for a large class of systems, but in general this expected equality fails, making the problem of describing such Galois groups unexpectedly rich.
Mössbauer study of some novel iron-bis-glyoxime and iron-tris-glyoxime complexes
Authors: Várhelyi Cs. , Homonnay Z. , Szalay R. , Pokol Gy. , Szilágyi I-M. , Huszthy P. , Kubuki S. , Goga F. , Tötös R. , Simon-Várhelyi M. , Kuzmann E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDioximes as ligands are used as analytical reagents and serve as models for biological systems as well as catalysts in chemical processes. A number of novel mixed complexes of the type [Fe(DioxH)2(amine)2] have been prepared and characterised by FTIR, 57Fe Mössbauer and mass spectroscopy by us. We have found strong Fe–N donor acceptor interactions and iron occurred in low-spin FeII state in all complexes. Later, we have also found that the incorporation of branching alkyl chains (isopropyl) in the complexes alters the Fe–N bond length and results in high-spin iron(II) state [1, 2]. The question arises: can the spin state of iron be manipulated generally by replacing the short alkyl chains with high volume demand ones in Fe-azomethine-amine complexes? To answer the question we have synthetized novel iron-bis-glioxime and iron-tris-gloxime complexes when long chain alkyl or aromatic ligands replaced the short alkyl ones and studied by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, MS, FTIR, UV-VIS, TG-DTA-DTG and XRD methods. Novel iron-bis-glyoxime and iron-tris-glyoxime type complexes, [Fe(Diethyl-Diox)3(BOH)2], [Fe(Diethyl-Diox)3(BOEt)2] and [Fe(phenyl-Me-Diox)3(BOEt)2], were synthesized similarly as described in [2]. The FTIR, UV-VIS, TG-DTA-DTG and MS measurements indicated that the expected novel complexes could be successfully synthesized.
Self-directed Science Learning During COVID-19 and Beyond
Authors: Gerard Libby , Wiley Korah , Debarger Angela Haydel , Bichler Sarah , Bradford Allison , Linn Marcia C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrompted by the sudden shift to remote instruction in March 2020 brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers explored online resources to support their students learning from home. We report on how twelve teachers identified and creatively leveraged open educational resources (OERs) and practices to facilitate self-directed science learning. Based on interviews and logged data, we illustrate how teachers’ use of OER starkly differed from the typical uses of technology for transmitting information or increasing productivity. These experiences provide insights into ways teachers and professional developers can take advantage of OER to promote self-directed learning when in-person instruction resumes.
Happy Cultures? A Multilevel Model of Well-Being with Individual and Contextual Human Values
Authors: Bruna Fernando 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite the abundant literature in Happiness Science, no paper to date has studied the joint effects of human values on subjective well-being at individual and contextual level. Using European Social Survey data for life satisfaction and Salomon H. Schwartz’s scale for human values with four and ten dimensions, this paper presents novel evidence on the direct effects of individual, regional, and national human values, utilizing two different ways of building cultural indicators of human values. We show that regional factors explain approximately 2% of the dispersion of individual life satisfaction, whereas national factors explain around 12%. The results on the effects of individual human values support Sortheix and Schwartz’s hypothesis, with a significant difference: IndividualConformityhas a positive impact on well-being, not the negative sign Sortheix and Schwartz predict forConservationvalues. We also find positive direct cultural effects forBenevolenceandConformityand negative effects forTradition. Additionally, we propose a research agenda for human values and contextual effects on well-being studies.
Vygotsky and Spinoza
Authors: Oittinen Vesa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe article analyzes Lev Vygotsky’s attempts to utilize Spinoza’s philosophical ideas in solving the methodological crisis of psychology in the 1920s and 1930s. Vygotsky had a manuscript, Uchenie ob emocijakh, where he scrutinized the doctrines of the effects on Descartes and Spinoza. Whilst Descartes’ doctrine built on a dualistic soul versus body premise, Spinoza’s starting point was monistic. Despite his clear sympathies for Spinoza’s solution, which according to him was more compatible with Marxism, too, Vygotsky did not manage to finish his study. One may, indeed, doubt whether Spinoza was able to deliver the decisive key for the solution of the dualism problem, since his philosophy built on metaphysical postulates that were unacceptable to Vygotsky.
Male Monsters Still Stalk, Yet More Violent: A Comparative Analysis of Original Slasher Films and Their Remakes
Authors: Hernández-Santaolalla Víctor , Raya Irene 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSince its origins in the mid-1970s, the slasher has been defined as a subgenre of horror in which a serial or mass killer stalks and massacres middle-class youngsters, and preferably attractive young women, using cutting weapons or projectiles. In that regard, the twenty-first century has seen a revival of the slasher, combining the release of original movies with remakes of classic films, adapting the traditional plots to the current context. In this paper, a comparative content analysis is performed on 13 slasher films made during the 1970s and the 1980s and 13 remakes premiered in the new millennium, focusing on the differences stemming from the adaptation of the latter to the new sociocultural context. The results indicate that, although there have been a number of changes, such as higher doses of explicit violence and profanity and in the fight responses of the victims, most of the subgenre’s defining traits have remained intact, whereas others, such as those relating to the defining traits of the victims, should be questioned. The limited differences found between the original films and the remakes provide the basis for drawing interesting conclusions about the subgenre itself, as well as to raise discussions about the different contexts of production and reception.
Looking for Ephesian workshops: an integrated petrographic, geochemical, and chrono-typological approach to Late Hellenistic Ephesos lamps
Authors: Fragnoli Pamela , Ugarković Marina , Sterba Johannes H. , Sauer Roman 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this pilot study, Late Hellenistic mold-made lamps from Ephesos are investigated by combining chrono-morphological and stylistic features with thin-section petrography and neutron activation analysis. Coeval wares of Ephesian production and clay samples collected around the site as well as published data from the Bonn database are considered local reference material. The results point to a network of local/regional workshops sharing facilities and/or a labor force dedicated to distinct tasks. The whole evidence is consistent with the very beginning of a nucleated workshop industry able to optimize the productivity of mold-made wares and fill the demand of an increased regional and supra-regional market. The typological and compositional variability of the latest phases could suggest a gradual transfer of potting activities towards areas providing better-suited clay sources.
Progress and development of particle jet drilling speed-increasing technology and rock-breaking mechanism for deep well
Authors: Fang Tiancheng , Ren Fushen , Liu Hanxu , Zhang Yuan , Cheng Jianxun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIncreasing drilling speed and efficiency of hard formation for deep and ultra-deep well is one of the international recognized drilling problems and key technologies to be tackled urgently. Particle jet impact drilling technology is an efficient non-contact rock-breaking method to overcome slow drilling speed, which has great development and application potential in drilling speed-increase of hard formation and deep well. High efficiency drilling technology and rock-breaking speed-increase mechanism in high temperature, high pressure and high hardness formations of deep and ultra-deep wells were mainly focused and keynoted in this paper. With extensive investigation of domestic and foreign literature, the working principle, key technical devices, deep-well-rock mechanical characteristic, unconventional constitutive model and rock-breaking mechanism of particle jet impact drilling technology were analyzed, which proved the feasibility and high efficiency for deep and hard stratum, and also, dynamic failure mechanism of rock needs to be elaborated by constructing the constitutive model with high temperature and pressure. Meanwhile, the major problems to be solved at present and development direction future were summarized, which mainly included: miniaturization of drilling equipment and individualization of drilling bit; optimization of jet parameters and the evaluation method of rock-breaking effect; establishment of mechanical property and unconventional constitutive model of deep-well-rock; rock-breaking mechanism and dynamic response under particle jet coupling impact. The research can help for better understanding of deep-well drilling speed-increasing technology and also promote the development and engineering application of particle jet impact drilling speed-increase theory and equipment.
The impact of different data sources on the level and structure of income inequality
Authors: Ayala Luis , Pérez Ana , Prieto-Alaiz Mercedes 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the effect on measured inequality and its structure of using administrative data instead of survey data. Different analyses are carried out based on the Spanish Survey on Income and Living Conditions (ECV) that continued to ask households for their income despite assigning their income data as provided by the Tax Agency and the Social Security Administration. Our main finding is that the largest discrepancies between administrative and survey data are in the tails of the distribution. In addition to that, there are clear differences in the level and structure of inequality across data sources. These differences matter, and our results should be a wake-up call to interpret the results based on only one source of income data with caution.
Coarse infinite-dimensionality of hyperspaces of finite subsets
Authors: Weighill Thomas , Yamauchi Takamitsu , Zava Nicolò 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe consider infinite-dimensional properties in coarse geometry for hyperspaces consisting of finite subsets of metric spaces with the Hausdorff metric. We see that several infinite-dimensional properties are preserved by taking the hyperspace of subsets with at mostnpoints. On the other hand, we prove that, if a metric space contains a sequence of long intervals coarsely, then its hyperspace of finite subsets is not coarsely embeddable into any uniformly convex Banach space. As a corollary, the hyperspace of finite subsets of the real line is not coarsely embeddable into any uniformly convex Banach space. It is also shown that every (not necessarily bounded geometry) metric space with straight finite decomposition complexity has metric sparsification property.
What can machines learn about heart failure? A systematic literature review
Authors: Jasinska-Piadlo A. , Bond R. , Biglarbeigi P. , Brisk R. , Campbell P. , McEneaneny D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a systematic literature review with respect to application of data science and machine learning (ML) to heart failure (HF) datasets with the intention of generating both a synthesis of relevant findings and a critical evaluation of approaches, applicability and accuracy in order to inform future work within this field. This paper has a particular intention to consider ways in which the low uptake of ML techniques within clinical practice could be resolved. Literature searches were performed on Scopus (2014-2021), ProQuest and Ovid MEDLINE databases (2014-2021). Search terms included ‘heart failure’ or ‘cardiomyopathy’ and ‘machine learning’, ‘data analytics’, ‘data mining’ or ‘data science’. 81 out of 1688 articles were included in the review. The majority of studies were retrospective cohort studies. The median size of the patient cohort across all studies was 1944 (min 46, max 93260). The largest patient samples were used in readmission prediction models with the median sample size of 5676 (min. 380, max. 93260). Machine learning methods focused on common HF problems: detection of HF from available dataset, prediction of hospital readmission following index hospitalization, mortality prediction, classification and clustering of HF cohorts into subgroups with distinctive features and response to HF treatment. The most common ML methods used were logistic regression, decision trees, random forest and support vector machines. Information on validation of models was scarce. Based on the authors’ affiliations, there was a median 3:1 ratio between IT specialists and clinicians. Over half of studies were co-authored by a collaboration of medical and IT specialists. Approximately 25% of papers were authored solely by IT specialists who did not seek clinical input in data interpretation. The application of ML to datasets, in particular clustering methods, enabled the development of classification models assisting in testing the outcomes of patients with HF. There is, however, a tendency to over-claim the potential usefulness of ML models for clinical practice. The next body of work that is required for this research discipline is the design of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with the use of ML in an intervention arm in order to prospectively validate these algorithms for real-world clinical utility.
Lithic Technology and Chronology of Initial Upper Paleolithic Assemblages at Tor Fawaz, Southern Jordan
Authors: Kadowaki Seiji , Tamura Toru , Kida Risako , Omori Takayuki , Maher Lisa A. , Portillo Marta , Hirose Masato , Suga Eiki , Massadeh Sate , Henry Donald O. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) is a key chrono-cultural concept in our understanding of the cultural and population dynamics at the transition from the Middle Paleolithic to Upper Paleolithic period. This paper presents technological and chronological analyses of lithic assemblages from a rockshelter site at Tor Fawaz in the Jebel Qalkha area, southern Jordan, to provide accurate dating and detailed recognition of the IUP variability in the Levant. We present integrated micromorphological, phytolith, and dung spherulite analyses to evaluate formation and postdepositional processes of archaeological remains through high-resolution micro-contextual studies. As a result, the Tor Fawaz assemblages show general similarity to those of Boker Tachtit Level 4, Tor Sadaf A–B, and Wadi Aghar C–D1 that represent the late phase of the IUP in the southern Levant. Based on the detailed recognition of site-formation processes, we suggest ca. 45–36 ka as the age of IUP occupations at Tor Fawaz. More specifically, the IUP occupations at Tor Fawaz and Wadi Aghar, a nearby IUP site in the same area, may represent slightly different phases that show a lithic technological trend paralleling the IUP sequence at Tor Sadaf in southern Jordan, and possibly post-date Boker Tachtit Level 4. We also discuss the issue of partial chronological overlap between the late IUP and the Ahmarian and also argue for the geographically different trends in cultural changes from the late IUP to the Ahmarian.
Development of carbonaceous tin-based solder composite achieving unprecedented joint performance
Authors: Hawi Sara , Gharavian Somayeh , Burda Marek , Goel Saurav , Lotfian Saeid , Khaleque Tasnuva , Nezhad Hamed Yazdani 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWeight reduction and improved strength are two common engineering goals in the joining sector to benefit transport, aerospace, and nuclear industries amongst others. Here, in this paper, we show that the suitable addition of carbon nanomaterials to a tin-based solder material matrix (C-Solder® supplied by Cametics Ltd.) results in two-fold strength of soldered composite joints. Single-lap shear joint experiments were conducted on soldered aluminium alloy (6082 T6) substrates. The soldering material was reinforced in different mix ratios by carbon black, graphene, and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and benchmarked against the pristine C-solder®. The material characterisation was performed using Vickers micro-indentation, differential scanning calorimetry and nano-indentation, whereas functional testing involved mechanical shear tests using single-lap aluminium soldered joints and creep tests. The hardness was observed to improve in all cases except for the 0.01 wt.% graphene reinforced solders, with 5% and 4% improvements in 0.05 carbon black and SWCNT reinforced solders, respectively. The maximum creep indentation was noted to improve for all solder categories with maximum 11% and 8% improvements in 0.05 wt.% carbon black and SWCNT reinforced ones. In general, the 0.05 wt.% nanomaterial reinforced solders promoted progressive cohesion failure in the joints as opposed to instantaneous fully de-bonded failure observed in pristine soldered joints, which suggests potential application in high-performance structures where no service load induced adhesion failure is permissible (e.g. aerospace assemblies). The novel innovation developed here will pave the way to achieving high-performance solder joining without carrying out extensive surface preparations.
GranatumX: A Community-Engaging, Modularized, and Flexible Webtool for Single-Cell Data Analysis
Authors: Garmire David G. , Zhu Xun , Mantravadi Aravind , Huang Qianhui , Yunits Breck , Liu Yu , Wolfgruber Thomas , Poirion Olivier , Zhao Tianying , Arisdakessian Cédric , Stanojevic Stefan , Garmire Lana X. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present GranatumX, a next-generation software environment for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis. GranatumX is inspired by the interactive webtool Granatum. GranatumX enables biologists to access the latest scRNA-seq bioinformatics methods in a web-based graphical environment. It also offers software developers the opportunity to rapidly promote their own tools with others in customizable pipelines. The architecture of GranatumX allows for easy inclusion of plugin modules, named Gboxes, which wrap around bioinformatics tools written in various programming languages and on various platforms. GranatumX can be run on the cloud or private servers and generate reproducible results. It is a community-engaging, flexible, and evolving software ecosystem for scRNA-seq analysis, connecting developers with bench scientists. GranatumX is freely accessible at http://garmiregroup.org/granatumx/app.
Characterization of Changes and Driver Microbes in Gut Microbiota During Healthy Aging Using a Captive Monkey Model
Authors: Wei Zhi-Yuan , Rao Jun-Hua , Tang Ming-Tian , Zhao Guo-An , Li Qi-Chun , Wu Li-Ming , Liu Shao-Qiang , Li Bi-Hai , Xiao Bai-Quan , Liu Xing-Yin , Chen Jian-Huan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recent population studies have significantly advanced our understanding of how age shapes the gut microbiota. However, the actual role of age could be inevitably confounded due to the complex and variable environmental factors in human populations. A well-controlled environment is thus necessary to reduce undesirable confounding effects, and recapitulate age-dependent changes in the gut microbiota of healthy primates. Herein we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing, characterized the age-associated gut microbial profiles from infant to elderly crab-eating macaques reared in captivity, and systemically revealed the lifelong dynamic changes of the primate gut microbiota. While the most significant age-associated taxa were mainly found as commensals such as Faecalibacterium, the abundance of a group of suspicious pathogens such as Helicobacter was exclusively increased in infants, underlining their potential role in host development. Importantly, topology analysis indicated that the network connectivity of gut microbiota was even more age-dependent than taxonomic diversity, and its tremendous decline with age could probably be linked to healthy aging. Moreover, we identified key driver microbes responsible for such age-dependent network changes, which were further linked to altered metabolic functions of lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids, as well as phenotypes in the microbial community. The current study thus demonstrates the lifelong age-dependent changes and their driver microbes in the primate gut microbiota, and provides new insights into their roles in the development and healthy aging of their hosts.
The Right to Repair
Authors: Perzanowski Aaron 
Published: December 2021

In recent decades, companies around the world have deployed an arsenal of tools-including IP law, hardware design, software restrictions, pricing strategies, and marketing messages-to prevent consumers from fixing the things they own. While this strategy has enriched companies almost beyond measure, it has taken billions of dollars out of the pockets of consumers and imposed massive environmental costs on the planet. In The Right to Repair, Aaron Perzanowski analyzes the history of repair to show how we've arrived at this moment, when a battle over repair is being waged-largely unnoticed-in courtrooms, legislatures, and administrative agencies. With deft, lucid prose, Perzanowski explains the opaque and complex legal landscape that surrounds the right to repair and shows readers how to fight back.