bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity patterns in high‐latitude grasslands
Authors: Kapfer Jutta , Dramstad Wenche , Pedersen Christian , Sickel Hanne , Heegaard Einar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimGrasslands of varying land‐use intensity and history were studied to describe and test species richness and compositional patterns and their relationships with the physical environment, land cover of the surrounding landscape, patch geometry, and grazing.LocationThe mainland of Norway.MethodsWe utilized data from the Norwegian Monitoring Programme for Agricultural Landscapes, which recorded vascular plants from 569 plots, placed within 97 monitoring squares systematically distributed throughout agricultural land on the Norwegian mainland. We identified four grassland types: (i) moderately fertilized, moist meadows; (ii) overgrown agricultural land; (iii) cultivated pastures and disturbed ground; and (iv) natural/unfertilized and outfield pastures.ResultsSoil moisture and grazing measures were found to be important in explaining species compositional variation in all grassland types. Richness patterns were best explained by complex and differing combinations of environmental indicators. Nevertheless, negative (nitrogen and light level) or unimodal (pH) responses were similar across grassland types. Vegetation plots adjacent to areas historically and/or currently dominated by mires, forests, or pastures, as well as abandoned and overgrown grasslands, had a slightly higher species richness. Larger grasslands surrounding the vegetation plots had slightly less species than smaller grasslands.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that data from a national monitoring programme on agricultural grasslands can be used for plant ecological research. The results indicate that climate‐change‐related shifts along moisture and nutrient gradients (increases) may alter both species composition and species richness in the studied grasslands. It is likely that large and contiguous managed (grass)land might affect areas perceived as remnants, probably caused by the transformation to homogeneous (agri)cultural landscapes reducing edge zones, which in turn may threaten the species pool and richness. The importance of land use and land‐cover composition should be considered when planning management actions in extensively used high‐latitude grasslands.
Adaptive enrichment designs with a continuous biomarker
Authors: Stallard Nigel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA popular design for clinical trials assessing targeted therapies is the two‐stage adaptive enrichment design with recruitment in stage 2 limited to a biomarker‐defined subgroup chosen based on data from stage 1. The data‐dependent selection leads to statistical challenges if data from both stages are used to draw inference on treatment effects in the selected subgroup.If subgroups considered are nested, as when defined by a continuous biomarker, treatment effect estimates in different subgroups follow the same distribution as estimates in a group‐sequential trial. This result is used to obtain tests controlling the familywise type I error rate (FWER) for six simple subgroup selection rules, one of which also controls the FWER for any selection rule. Two approaches are proposed: one based on multivariate normal distributions suitable if the number of possible subgroups, k, is small, and one based on Brownian motion approximations suitable for large k. The methods, applicable in the wide range of settings with asymptotically normal test statistics, are illustrated using survival data from a breast cancer trial.
Unrealistic pessimism and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Two longitudinal studies
Authors: Jelinek Lena , Röhrig Gloria , Moritz Steffen , Göritz Anja S. , Voderholzer Ulrich , Riesel Anja , Yassari Amir H. , Miegel Franziska 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveUnrealistic pessimism (UP) is an aspect of overestimation of threat (OET) that has been associated with obsessive‐compulsive disorder/symptoms (OCD/OCS). During the COVID‐19 pandemic, UP may have played an important role in the course of OCD. To investigate the relationship, we conducted two longitudinal studies assuming that higher UP predicts an increase in OCS.MethodIn Study 1, we investigated UP in the general population (N = 1,184) at the start of the pandemic asking about overall vulnerability to infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 and UP regarding infection and outcome of severe illness. Further, OCS status (OCS+/−) was assessed at the start of the pandemic and 3 months later. In Study 2, we investigated UP in individuals with OCD (N = 268) regarding the likelihood of getting infected, recovering, or dying from an infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 at the start of the pandemic and re‐assessed OCS 3 months later.ResultsIn Study 1, UP was higher in the OCS+ compared to the OCS− group, and estimates of a higher overall vulnerability for an infection predicted a decrease in OCS over time. UP regarding severe illness predicted an increase in symptoms over time. In Study 2, UP was found for a recovery and death after an infection with SARS‐CoV‐2, but not for infection itself.ConclusionsExaggeration of one’s personal vulnerability rather than OET per se seems pivotal in OCD, with UP being associated with OCD/OCS+ as well as a more negative course of symptomatology over the pandemic in a nonclinical sample.Practitioner points

Unrealistic optimism, a bias common in healthy individuals, is thought to be a coping mechanism promoting well‐being in the face of danger or uncertainty.

The current study extends findings that its inversion, unrealistic pessimism, may play an important role in obsessive‐compulsive disorder and may also be involved in the development of the disorder.

This study highlights the importance that prevention programs during a pandemic should include targeting unrealistic pessimism.
Household clutter and crowding constrain associations between maternal sensitivity and child theory of mind
Authors: McCormick Sarah A. , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Hughes Claire 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSocial interactions between parents and children are important for developing theory of mind, but these may be disrupted by aspects of the proximal home environment. The current study observed maternal sensitivity and its associations with child theory of mind and the housing environment (index by clutter and crowding) in a sample of mothers and their 3.5‐year‐old twins (N = 250 children). Maternal sensitivity and housing environment were measured from experimenter report and child theory of mind was measured through behavioural tasks. Results show that the association between maternal sensitivity and child theory of mind was moderated by the housing environment, where the positive associations between maternal sensitivity and child theory of mind were only observed at lower levels of clutter and crowding in the housing environment. Additional contextual variables and processes are discussed.
Depletion of CD38‐positive regulatory T cells by anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies induces a durable response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in patients with plasma cell dyscrasia
Authors: Terao Toshiki , Naduka Takashi , Ikeda Daisuke , Fukumoto Ami , Kamura Yuya , Kuzume Ayumi , Tabata Rikako , Tsushima Takafumi , Miura Daisuke , Narita Kentaro , Takeuchi Masami , Matsue Kosei 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThis study reports the relationship between CD38+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and messenger RNA coronavirus disease 2019 (mRNA‐COVID‐19) vaccination in 60 patients with plasma cell dyscrasia. Patients treated with anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) had significantly lower CD38+ Tregs than those not treated (0.9 vs. 13.2/μl). Late‐responders, whose antibody titres increased from weeks 4–12 after the second vaccination, had significantly lower CD38+ Treg counts than non‐late‐responders (2.5 vs. 10.3/μl). Antibody titres in patients with lower CD38+ Treg levels were maintained from weeks 4–12 but decreased in those with higher CD38+ Treg levels. Therefore, depletion of CD38+ Tregs by anti‐CD38 mAbs may induce a durable response to mRNA‐COVID‐19 vaccination.
Current challenges in the treatment of cardiac fibrosis: Recent insights into the sex‐specific differences of glucose‐lowering therapies on the diabetic heart: IUPHAR Review 33
Authors: Sharma Abhipree , De Blasio Miles , Ritchie Rebecca 
Published: February 2022

A significant cardiac complication of diabetes is cardiomyopathy, a form of ventricular dysfunction that develops independently of coronary artery disease, hypertension and valvular diseases, which may subsequently lead to heart failure. Several structural features underlie the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and eventual diabetes‐induced heart failure. Pathological cardiac fibrosis (interstitial and perivascular), in addition to capillary rarefaction and myocardial apoptosis, are particularly noteworthy. Sex differences in the incidence, development and presentation of diabetes, heart failure and interstitial myocardial fibrosis have been identified. Nevertheless, therapeutics specifically targeting diabetes‐associated cardiac fibrosis remain lacking and treatment approaches remain the same regardless of patient sex or the co‐morbidities that patients may present. This review addresses the observed anti‐fibrotic effects of newer glucose‐lowering therapies and traditional cardiovascular disease treatments, in the diabetic myocardium (from both preclinical and clinical contexts). Furthermore, any known sex differences in these treatment effects are also explored.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.22/issuetoc
Molecular profile of specific IgE to allergenic components in allergic adults using allergen nano‐bead array
Authors: Shokouhi Shoormasti Raheleh , Rafaiani Chiara , Fazlollahi Mohammad Reza , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan , Mahloojirad Maryam , Moslemi Majid , Abbasi Javid Morad , Moin Mostafa , Pourpak Zahra , Mari Adriano 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing interest in the field of molecular diagnosis of allergy has been developed in recent years and it goes to be as the routine in vitro protocol in allergy diagnosis. friendly allergen nano‐bead array (FABER) is a new multiplex assay for the evaluation of specific IgE against 244 allergens including whole extracts and allergenic molecules. The research intended to assess the pattern of IgE sensitization to allergenic components of allergens in allergic adults using FABER 244.MethodsSixty patients with allergic diseases entered this cross‐sectional study. Specific IgE to 122 whole allergens extracts and 122 allergenic components were assessed using an allergen nano‐bead array (FABER) for all patients. This test includes inhalant and food allergens.ResultsThirty‐seven patients were male (61.7%). The mean (SD) age of patients was 30.73(±6.87) years. As the allergen nano‐bead array results showed, Lolium perenne (63.3%), Phleum pratense (60%) and Platanus acerifolia (51.7%) were considered as the most common IgE sensitizations to the aeroallergen extracts. Moreover, Lol p 1, Phl p 1.0102 and Cup a 1 were found as the most frequent allergenic components in our allergic patients. Among protein families, CCD‐bearing proteins, expansin, cysteine protease and profilin families illustrated the highest allergic sensitization.ConclusionsThe results of the present study demonstrated that despite the higher prevalence of sensitization to Salsola kali (47.2%) using extract‐based assays in the previous phase of this research, allergenic components of grasses (Lol p 1, Phl p 1.0102), Cup a 1 as well as Sal k1 as the major components of Cupressuss arizonica and Salsola kali showed the higher sensitization, respectively, in adults’ allergic patients using FABER test.
Adrenal trauma experience at a major tertiary centre in Sweden: Clinical and radiological findings
Authors: Falhammar Henrik , Koskinen Seppo K. , Kistner Anna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveInformation on the incidence of adrenal trauma and its association with other injuries is limited. Our objective was to study the incidence of adrenal haemorrhage, its association with other injuries, clinical parameters, and long‐term outcomes.Patients and MeasurementsAll patients treated for severe abdominal trauma (Level 1) at Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2018 were included. Patients with a radiological picture of adrenal haematoma were selected. The injury severity score (ISS) was analysed in the entire cohort. Data were collected from the electronic medical files.ResultsIn total, 1.7% (n = 29/1743) was affected by adrenal trauma. Right adrenal trauma (n = 20/29;69%) was more common than left (n = 6/29;21%, p < 0.01), and 10% were bilateral (n = 3/29). There was no difference in volume in right versus left adrenal trauma [(median 13 (interquartile range (IQR) (7–15) versus 8 (5–13)] ml, p = 0.30). ISS was 23.4 (17–43) in adrenal haematoma patients, higher compared with other trauma patients 16 (8–27) (n = 1714)(p < 0.001).Rib fractures, pneumothorax, and liver lacerations were the three most common findings in association with adrenal trauma. The underlying cause in 48% of the cases was falling from height (≥3 m). Biochemical data demonstrated normal sodium and potassium levels while the lowest haemoglobin level was 72 g/l. At follow‐up, 4 (2–6) years after the trauma, except for three patients who died as in‐patients, all other persons were still living. None seemed to have adrenal insufficiency.ConclusionsAdrenal trauma is rare and does not seem to be associated with clinical features of adrenal insufficiency, even if the bleeding is bilateral.
Contact allergy to antifungals: Results of a 12‐year retrospective study
Authors: Gomes Tiago Fernandes , Calado Rebeca , Matos Ana Luísa , Gonçalo Margarida 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundContact allergy has been reported as a side effect of topical antifungals (TAFs), although most evidence has come from small case series.ObjectiveTo investigate the frequency and associated factors of contact allergy to TAFs.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of the data of the Contact Allergy Unit of a University Dermatology Department between January 2009 and April 2021. From a cohort of 3788 patients tested in our unit, aimed testing was performed in 482 patients using TAFs from Chemotechnique Diagnostics (Vellinge, Sweden), allergEAZE, and, in some cases, commercial preparations ‘as is’.ResultsContact allergy to antifungals was found in 27 patients (0.71% of consecutively tested patients and 5.6% of those who had aimed testing). Foot and leg eczema were the clinical presentation in 12 (44.4%) and 10 (37.0%) patients, respectively. Positive reactions were observed mostly with econazole nitrate 1% alcohol (51.9%), miconazole 1% alcohol (48.9%), tioconazole 28% solution (40.7%), and clotrimazole 5% pet. (18.5%). Fifteen patients (55.6%) had sensitization to more than one antifungal.ConclusionsContact allergy to antifungals was uncommon and occurred mostly associated with foot dermatitis. Most patients were sensitized to more than one chemical, particularly to azoles, which may limit future choices of TAF treatment.
The Order of Magnitude: Why SNARC‐like Tasks (Still) Cannot Support a Generalized Magnitude System
Authors: Pitt Benjamin , Casasanto Daniel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAccording to proponents of the generalized magnitude system proposal (GMS), SNARC‐like effects index spatial mappings of magnitude and provide crucial evidence for the existence of a GMS. Casasanto and Pitt (2019) have argued that these effects, instead, reflect mappings of ordinality, which people compute on the basis of differences among stimuli that vary either qualitatively (e.g., musical pitches) or quantitatively (e.g., dots of different sizes). In response to our paper, Prpic et al. (2021) argued that both magnitude and ordinality play a role in SNARC‐like effects. Here, we address each of their arguments and conclude that magnitude is relevant to these effects only insofar as it serves as a basis for ordinality. For this reason and others, SNARC or SNARC‐like effects cannot provide evidence for the putative generalized magnitude system.
Climate‐induced plasticity in leaf traits of riparian plants
Authors: Rubio‐Ríos Juan , Pérez Javier , Salinas María J. , Fenoy Encarnación , Boyero Luz , Casas José Jesús 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimLeaf litter inputs from riparian vegetation and its decomposition play a key role in energy and nutrient transfer in many stream ecosystems. Instream leaf litter decomposition is driven by both leaf traits and environmental conditions. Therefore, understanding and predicting leaf trait variation under current environmental changes and their putative interactive effects on stream food webs is a critical challenge. Most studies have focussed on the assumed higher interspecific leaf trait variability, with little research addressing an intraspecific perspective.LocationAndalusia, Spain.MethodsWe assessed the relative effects of climate and soil conditions on the plasticity of leaf traits of four common woody riparian species in permanent low‐order Mediterranean streams across a wide aridity gradient. We used a space‐for‐time substitution approach to predict leaf trait changes and consequences for stream food webs in a future climate change scenario.ResultsOverall, we found that aridity had a major influence on leaf trait plasticity but with opposite patterns depending on plant functional type, although soil was the strongest predictor in some cases. Results indicated that leaf quality—linked to palatability and decomposability—of Alnus glutinosa, Salix atrocinerea and Rubus ulmifolius (deciduous/semi‐deciduous) will decrease with forecasted aridification, whereas the palatability of the evergreen Nerium oleander will increase. We observed higher trait plasticity than interspecific variation for leaf P, Ca and Mg concentrations and C:P ratio.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest a decrease of intraspecific leaf quality in riparian deciduous species with global warming in a relatively short term. In a longer term, this may merge with the forecasted dieback of deciduous species in riparian corridors of temperate climate zones. These changes have the potential to significantly impair ecosystem functioning of Mediterranean mountain streams currently under deciduous gallery forests.
A new statistical approach for identifying rare species under imperfect detection
Authors: Belmont Jafet , Miller Claire , Scott Marian , Wilkie Craig 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimSpecies rarity is often used as a measure to assess the risk of extinction of species, and thus, different methods have been developed to describe the composition of rare species in biological communities. These methods usually depend on species attributes that are not always available and very often ignore imperfect species detection. In this work, we developed a new method to characterize species rarity in a community when species are detected imperfectly. Our modelling framework is based on Bayesian occupancy models to estimate species distributions under imperfect detection using presence‐nondetection data.InnovationWe propose a finite mixture occupancy model to identify rare species based on their occupancy and class‐membership probabilities. Here, we explored a two‐class finite mixture model to distinguish between rare and common species classes and presented the general modelling framework for a problem with more than two classes. By using simulations, we were able to compare our model results under different scenarios obtaining a high‐classification performance across all of them. Additionally, we applied our model to a data set of Odonata occurrence records that were partially observed due to imperfect detection and quantified the proportion of rare species on a national scale across waterbodies in the United Kingdom.Main conclusionsNowadays, biodiversity conservation involves monitoring programmes that target multiple species within a community where individual species responses may vary widely. This high variability makes the task of identifying the ecological processes that drive distributions of rare species difficult. Thus, our method represents a new approach to characterize the composition of a community in terms of species rarity while correcting for detectability bias. Our modelling framework also suggests lines of research and future developments for the understanding of how species rarity can be measured in a wide range of scenarios.
Normative coherence through social entrepreneurship: Fostering women’s empowerment in Myanmar
Authors: Perekrestova Vlada 
Published: February 2022

SummaryMotivationWomen’s empowerment has been an integral part of the discussion on normative coherence for development, but its implementation is not very effective in Myanmar. Gender must be kept at the forefront of policy analysis in order to avoid unintended consequences for women.PurposeThe article argues that the Government of Myanmar lacks initiatives on women’s economic empowerment, but that social enterprises could prove to be a more appropriate way to implement international norms in gender equality.Methods and approachThis case study uses descriptive research to verify how social entrepreneurship can contribute to women's empowerment by increasing women’s participation in the labour market. The empirical part of this study is based on field research undertaken in February 2019.FindingsIn Myanmar, there is still a gap between normative policies and social practices. Women’s legal and actual equality cannot be realized by law and philosophy alone, but also depends on a shift in political, economic, and social actions to ensure that women can participate in the public sphere on an equal basis as men, and enjoy equal economic opportunities. The article explores the role that social enterprises are already playing as an example of how international development norms are implemented at the local level.Policy implicationsThe article highlights the appropriateness of social enterprises as catalysts of gender equality and as agents of normative gender coherence for development. Social enterprises take an inclusive and sustainable approach to addressing issues, making women’s livelihoods central.