bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission of gram-negative antibiotic-resistant bacteria following differing exposure to antibiotic-resistance reservoirs in a rural community: a modelling study for bloodstream infections
Authors: Allel Kasim , Goscé Lara , Araos Rafael , Toro Daniel , Ferreccio Catterina , Munita Jose M. , Undurraga Eduardo A. , Panovska-Griffiths Jasmina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExposure to community reservoirs of gram-negative antibiotic-resistant bacteria (GN-ARB) genes poses substantial health risks to individuals, complicating potential infections. Transmission networks and population dynamics remain unclear, particularly in resource-poor communities. We use a dynamic compartment model to assess GN-ARB transmission quantitatively, including the susceptible, colonised, infected, and removed populations at the community-hospital interface. We used two side streams to distinguish between individuals at high- and low-risk exposure to community ARB reservoirs. The model was calibrated using data from a cross-sectional cohort study (N = 357) in Chile and supplemented by existing literature. Most individuals acquired ARB from the community reservoirs (98%) rather than the hospital. High exposure to GN-ARB reservoirs was associated with 17% and 16% greater prevalence for GN-ARB carriage in the hospital and community settings, respectively. The higher exposure has led to 16% more infections and attributed mortality. Our results highlight the need for early-stage identification and testing capability of bloodstream infections caused by GN-ARB through a faster response at the community level, where most GN-ARB are likely to be acquired. Increasing treatment rates for individuals colonised or infected by GN-ARB and controlling the exposure to antibiotic consumption and GN-ARB reservoirs, is crucial to curve GN-ABR transmission.
In vivo study of the immune response to bioengineered spider silk spheres
Authors: Deptuch Tomasz , Penderecka Karolina , Kaczmarek Mariusz , Molenda Sara , Dams-Kozlowska Hanna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBioengineered MS1 silk is derived from major ampullate spidroin 1 (MaSp1) from the spider Nephila clavipes. The MS1 silk was functionalized with the H2.1 peptide to target Her2-overexpressing cancer cells. The immunogenic potential of drug carriers made from MS1-type silks was investigated. The silk spheres were administered to healthy mice, and then (i) the phenotypes of the immune cells that infiltrated the Matrigel plugs containing spheres (implanted subcutaneously), (ii) the presence of silk-specific antibodies (after two intravenous injections of the spheres), (iii) the splenocyte phenotypes and their activity after restimulation ex vivo in terms of proliferation and cytokine secretion (after single intravenous injection of the spheres) were analyzed. Although the immunogenicity of MS1 particles was minor, the H2.1MS1 spheres attracted higher levels of B lymphocytes, induced a higher anti-silk antibody titer, and, after ex vivo restimulation, caused the activation of splenocytes to proliferate and express more IFN-γ and IL-10 compared with the PBS and MS1 groups. Although the H2.1MS1 spheres triggered a certain degree of an immunological response, multiple injections (up to six times) neither hampered the carrier-dependent specific drug delivery nor induced toxicity, as previously indicated in a mouse breast cancer model. Both findings indicate that a drug delivery system based on MS1-type silk has great potential for the treatment of cancer and other conditions.
Schistosomes in the Persian Gulf: novel molecular data, host associations, and life-cycle elucidations
Authors: Khosravi Maral , Thieltges David W. , Shamseddin Jebreil , Georgieva Simona 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAvian schistosomes, comprise a diverse and widespread group of trematodes known for their surprising ability to switch into new hosts and habitats. Despite the considerable research attention on avian schistosomes as causatives of the human cercarial dermatitis, less it is known about the diversity, geographical range and host associations of the marine representatives. Our molecular analyses inferred fromcox1 and 28S DNA sequence data revealed presence of two schistosome species,Ornithobilharzia canaliculata(Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1912 and a putative new species ofAustrobilharziaJohnston, 1917. Molecular elucidation of the life-cycle ofO.canaliculatawas achieved for the first time via matching novel and published sequence data from adult and larval stages. This is the first record ofOrnithobilharziafrom the Persian Gulf and globally the first record of this genus in a potamidid snail host. Our study provides: (i) new host and distribution records for major etiological agents of cercarial dermatitis and contributes important information on host-parasite relationships; (ii) highlights the importance of the molecular systematics in the assessment of schistosome diversity; and (iii) calls for further surveys to reach a better understanding of the schistosome diversity and patterns of relationships among them, host associations, transmission strategies and distribution coverage.
Study of the factors influencing load displacement curve of energy absorbing device by area division simulation
Authors: An Dong , Liu Tianwang , Cui Hewei , Chen Zheng , Xu Hailiang , Song Yimin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA pre folded energy absorbing device, which is the key device of energy absorption anti impact for roadway support, is tested by quasi-static compression and simulated. The energy absorbing device is divided into zones, and the influence of the area on the load displacement curve of the energy absorbing device is studied according to the area. It is found that the error of numerical simulation is within 5%, indicating that the finite element modeling procedure is appropriate for the problem analyzed here. The device crushes following the pre folded origami pattern in a stable progressive. The device was divided into four areas: the upper and lower opening region of the concave surface four corner parts; the other areas of opening regions; the middle fold edge; the surrounding four sides edge. Each area has effect on the first drop stage and the second rise stage of the load displacement curve. The middle fold edge area has an effect on the peak load value of load displacement curve. Four indicators of peak load, average load, load efficiency, and specific energy absorption were generated from the results of numerical simulation. The strength enhancement of corner region can ensure the energy absorbing device with low peak load and high mean crushing load. The other areas of opening regions affect the first descending and second ascending of the curve. The first rising stage bears the load from the middle edge.
Dose-dependent toxicity profile and genotoxicity mechanism of lithium carbonate
Authors: Kuloğlu Selin Sipahi , Yalçin Emine , Çavuşoğlu Kültiğin , Acar Ali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe increasing widespread use of lithium, which is preferred as an energy source in batteries produced for electric vehicles and in many electronic vehicles such as computers and mobile phones, has made it an important environmental pollutant. In this study, the toxicity profile of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) was investigated with the Allium test, which is a bio-indicator test. Dose-related toxic effects were investigated using Li2CO3 at doses of 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 100 mg/L. The toxicity profile was determined by examining physiological, cytotoxic, genotoxic, biochemical and anatomical effects. Physiological effects of Li2CO3 were determined by root length, injury rate, germination percentage and weight gain while cytotoxic effects were determined by mitotic index (MI) ratio and genotoxic effects were determined by micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs). The effect of Li2CO3 on antioxidant and oxidant dynamics was determined by examining glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and anatomical changes were investigated in the sections of root meristematic tissues. As a result, Li2CO3 exhibited a dose-dependent regression in germination-related parameters. This regression is directly related to the MI and 100 mg/L Li2CO3 reduced MI by 38% compared to the control group. MN and CAs were observed at high rates in the groups treated with Li2CO3. Fragments were found with the highest rate among CAs. Other damages were bridge, unequal distribution of chromatin, sticky chromosome, vagrant chromosome, irregular mitosis, reverse polarization and multipolar anaphase. The genotoxic effects were associated with Li2CO3-DNA interactions determined by molecular docking. The toxic effects of Li2CO3 are directly related to the deterioration of the antioxidant/oxidant balance in the cells. While MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, increased by 59.1% in the group administered 100 mg/L Li2CO3, GSH, which has an important role in cell defense, decreased by 60.8%. Significant changes were also detected in the activities of SOD and CAT, two important enzymes in antioxidant defense, compared to the control. These toxic effects, which developed in the cells belonging to the lithium-treated groups, were also reflected in the tissue anatomy, and anatomical changes such as epidermis cell damage, cortex cell damage, flattened cell nucleus, thickening of the cortex cell wall and unclear vascular tissue were observed in the anatomical sections. The frequency of these changes also increased depending on the Li2CO3 dose. As a result, Li2CO3, which is one of the lithium compounds, and has become an important contaminant in the environment with increasing technological developments, caused a combined and versatile toxicity in Allium cepa L. meristematic cells, especially by causing deterioration in antioxidant/oxidant dynamics.
Structure of human spermine oxidase in complex with a highly selective allosteric inhibitor
Authors: Diaz Elsie , Adhikary Suraj , Tepper Armand W. J. W. , Riley Daniel , Ortiz-Meoz Rodrigo , Krosky Daniel , Buyck Christophe , Lamenca Carolina Martinez , Llaveria Josep , Fang Lichao , Kalin Jay H. , Klaren Vincent N. A. , Fahmy Shorouk , Shaffer Paul L. , Kirkpatrick Robert , Carbajo Rodrigo J. , Thomsen Maren , Impagliazzo Antonietta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHuman spermine oxidase (hSMOX) plays a central role in polyamine catabolism. Due to its association with several pathological processes, including inflammation and cancer, hSMOX has garnered interest as a possible therapeutic target. Therefore, determination of the structure of hSMOX is an important step to enable drug discovery and validate hSMOX as a drug target. Using insights from hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), we engineered a hSMOX construct to obtain the first crystal structure of hSMOX bound to the known polyamine oxidase inhibitor MDL72527 at 2.4 Å resolution. While the overall fold of hSMOX is similar to its homolog, murine N1-acetylpolyamine oxidase (mPAOX), the two structures contain significant differences, notably in their substrate-binding domains and active site pockets. Subsequently, we employed a sensitive biochemical assay to conduct a high-throughput screen that identified a potent and selective hSMOX inhibitor, JNJ-1289. The co-crystal structure of hSMOX with JNJ-1289 was determined at 2.1 Å resolution, revealing that JNJ-1289 binds to an allosteric site, providing JNJ-1289 with a high degree of selectivity towards hSMOX. These results provide crucial insights into understanding the substrate specificity and enzymatic mechanism of hSMOX, and for the design of highly selective inhibitors.
Topological flat bands in a kagome lattice multiorbital system
Authors: Okamoto Satoshi , Mohanta Narayan , Dagotto Elbio , Sheng D. N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFlat bands and dispersive Dirac bands are known to coexist in the electronic bands in a two-dimensional kagome lattice. Including the relativistic spin-orbit coupling, such systems often exhibit nontrivial band topology, allowing for gapless edge modes between flat bands at several locations in the band structure, and dispersive bands or at the Dirac band crossing. Here, we theoretically demonstrate that a multiorbital system on a kagome lattice is a versatile platform to explore the interplay between nontrivial band topology and electronic interaction. Specifically, here we report that the multiorbital kagome model with the atomic spin–orbit coupling naturally supports topological bands characterized by nonzero Chern numbers $${{{{{{{\mathcal{C}}}}}}}}$$
C
, including a flat band with $$| {{{{{{{\mathcal{C}}}}}}}}| =1$$
∣
C
∣
=
1
. When such a flat band is 1/3 filled, the non-local repulsive interactions induce a fractional Chern insulating state. We also discuss the possible realization of our findings in real kagome materials.
Understanding irradiation damage in high-temperature superconductors for fusion reactors using high resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Nicholls Rebecca J. , Diaz-Moreno Sofia , Iliffe William , Linden Yatir , Mousavi Tayebeh , Aramini Matteo , Danaie Mohsen , Grovenor Chris R. M. , Speller Susannah C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of fast neutrons on high-temperature superconductors is of growing importance as new compact fusion reactors rely on these materials to generate the high magnetic fields needed to confine the plasma. The critical temperature of the most promising candidate material for small-scale fusion devices, rare-earth barium cuprate, is known to decrease monotonically with radiation dose, indicating the generation of lattice defects everywhere in the material. Here, we use high-energy-resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy to probe how the local environment around the copper atoms is influenced by point defects induced by He+ ion irradiation in the oxygen sublattice. Density functional theory calculations are used to interpret spectral features and we find clear evidence that ion irradiation significantly disrupts the bonding environment around the copper atoms in the copper-oxygen planes responsible for superconductivity in this compound. We propose the generation of a specific Frenkel defect that is consistent with our experimental results. Our results challenge previous assumptions in the literature that irradiation produces point defects only in the chain sites. In addition, we show that partial recovery is possible by annealing at modest temperatures, which may have implications for the operation of superconducting fusion magnets.
Measurement Properties of Mean Length of Utterance in School-Age Children
Authors: Potratz Jill R. , Gildersleeve-Neumann Christina , Redford Melissa A. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Mean length of utterance (MLU) is one of the most widely reported measures of syntactic development in the developmental literature, but its responsiveness in young school-age children's language has been questioned, and it has been shown to correlate with nonsyntactic measures. This study tested the extent to which MLU shows measurement properties of responsiveness and construct validity when applied to language elicited from elementary school children.

Method:
Thirty-two typically developing children in two age groups (5 and 8 years) provided four short language samples each. Language samples were elicited in a question–answer context and a narrative context. MLU was calculated with both morpheme and word counts. Other established measures of syntactic complexity (clausal density [CD], developmental level [D-Level], mean length of clause [MLC]) and lexical diversity (lexical density, moving-average type–token ratio, number of different words) were also calculated.

Results:
Linear mixed-effects analyses revealed that MLU varied systematically with discourse context and children's age group. The syntactic measures, CD and MLC, were found to vary systematically with MLU. None of the lexical diversity measures varied systematically with MLU.

Conclusion:
Results suggest that MLU is a responsive and valid measure of children's syntactic development across age and discourse context during the early school-age years.
Class‐wise boundary regression by uncertainty in temporal action detection
Authors: Chen Yunze , Chen Mengjuan , Gu Qingyi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTemporal action detection is a crucial aspect of video understanding. It aims to classify the action as well as locate the start and end boundaries of the action in the untrimmed videos. As deep learning is frequently utilized, the accuracy of annotation is crucial to boundary localization. However, it is observed that some annotation instances are ambiguous and the ambiguity varies between categories. To solve the problem above, a Gaussian model is built to estimate the boundary uncertainty for each instance. Based on instance uncertainty, category uncertainty is applied to describe the uncertainty of each category. By combining instance and category uncertainty, the boundaries of the selected proposals are refined and the ranking of candidate proposals is adjusted. Furthermore, overcorrection is avoided for categories with a high level of uncertainty. With the uncertainty approach, state‐of‐the‐art performance is achieved: 57.5% on THUMOS14 (mAP@0.5) and 35.4% on ActivityNet (mAP@Avg).
Les pesticides au prisme des sciences humaines et sociales. Focus sur les deuxièmes journées d’études du réseau SHS-Pesticides
Authors: Bureau-Point Ève , Aulagnier Alexis , Barthélémy Carole , El Kotni Mounia , Goulet Frédéric , Hunsmann Moritz , Jas Nathalie , Temple Ludovic 
Published: August 2022

Depuis février 2020, le réseau SHS-Pesticides contribue à structurer une communauté de chercheurs en sciences humaines et sociales (SHS) travaillant sur l’objet « pesticides ». Les journées d’études annuelles organisées par ce réseau permettent de rendre compte de la diversité des approches sur la question, de confronter les regards disciplinaires et de mieux faire connaître, aux différents publics intéressés, les travaux en SHS sur cet objet. Nous partons du principe que le croisement des regards disciplinaires sur les pesticides est un moyen de mieux répondre aux enjeux sanitaires, sociaux et environnementaux qu’ils soulèvent. Les deuxièmes journées d’études de mai 2021, dont on donne un aperçu dans cet article, ont été l’occasion de présenter un état des lieux des travaux en SHS réalisés dans le cadre académique français et d’approfondir trois dimensions de la question : les alternatives aux pesticides, les mobilisations sociales autour des questions de pesticides, ainsi que les enjeux de temporalité dans leur gouvernement. Le réseau se structure, il permet de mieux faire connaître les travaux en SHS sur le sujet au sein même de la communauté de recherche mais également auprès des acteurs et actrices des politiques publiques et/ou du milieu associatif.
Unlocking Electrophilic N-Aryl Intermediates from Aryl Azides, Nitroarenes, and Aryl Amines in Cyclization–Migration Reactions
Authors: Driver Tom G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn account of our development of reactions to construct N-heterocycles by triggering cyclization–migration tandem reactions from aryl azides, nitroarenes, and aryl amines is described. The reactivity patterns of metal N-aryl nitrenes, nitrosoarenes, N-aryl nitrogen radical anions, and N-aryl nitrenoids are compared.1	Introduction2	Unlocking the Reactivity Embedded in Aryl Azides3	Exploiting the Reactivity of Nitrosoarenes Generated from Nitroarenes4	Radical Anion N-Aryl Nitrogen Reactive Intermediates from Nitroarenes5	Oxidation of Aryl Amines to Access Electrophilic N-Aryl Nitrenoids6	Conclusion
Focused ion beam preparation of halide perovskite microscopy specimens: evaluation of the beam induced damage
Authors: Lu Yuan , Wang Hao , Chen Yi , Akriti  , Hu Xiangchen , Dou Letian , Mi Qixi , Ning Zhijun , Yu Yi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Focused ion beam (FIB) is currently one of the most commonly used methods for preparing transmission electron microscopy bulk specimens. However, for ion beam-sensitive materials such as halide perovskites, the ion beam milling process can easily cause decomposition and structure damage to the specimen. Here we investigate the influence factors of ion beam damage theoretically and experimentally, and successfully obtain the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of inorganic halide perovskite sample prepared by FIB. Theoretical investigations indicate that the temperature rises extremely fast for ion beam milling, reaching more than 80% of the highest temperature in less than one picosecond. Experimental investigations of halide perovskites in various forms (nanostructures, thin film devices, and single crystals) suggest choosing appropriate FIB acceleration voltage and beam current together with strategies to reduce the milling time may alleviate structure damage.
Probability-driven identification mechanism for degradation of magnetic drive pumps
Authors: Cao Ruijia , Yuan Jianping , Zhao Fei , Kong Xiangxu , Peng Guoyi , Qiu Ning 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Pump-state prediction and health management have entered the intelligent era. Data analysis, feature extraction, and automatic classification are the critical stages of the state self-recovery regulation of machines. To explore the identification mechanism of degraded states in magnetic drive pumps, the wavelet packet transform is utilised to filter the raw vibration signals. A classification model is subsequently established based on K-means clustering analysis. The highly sensitive characteristic parameters are accessed via a corresponding pre-processing procedure. Herein, clustering points are acquired, and the detected states are classified. Moreover, the probability of operating states over time is ascertained using hidden Markov models. Thus, the healthy machine states are validated via comparison of the calculated results, indicating that the trigger mechanism can recognise the degraded machine states successfully. The proposed probability-driven identification mechanism makes the automatic identification and intelligent decision-making of self-recovery systems possible, and may be used to provide technical details for application to other rotating machinery systems.
Role of Fermi-level depinning in quenching of V4+ related photoluminescence in semi-insulating 4H-SiC
Authors: Chakravorty Anusmita , Kabiraj Debdulal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Vanadium atoms in 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) single crystals have prospective applications as solid-state quantum emitters, making it crucial to understand the modifications of vanadium-related optical properties due to defects in the host lattice. We introduce controlled defects using 100 MeV Ag ion irradiation and report on quenching of luminescence from neutral vanadium V4+ atoms in vanadium-doped semi-insulating (SI) 4H-SiC. A reduction in intensity from V4+ related α and β emissions, and a correlated increase in thermally stimulated current (TSC), attributed to the increase in irradiation-induced defects, are observed with increasing ion fluence (Ag cm−2). Activation energies of the defect levels involved in compensation loss are estimated from TSC. We also demonstrate a partial recovery of SI behavior after thermal annealing.