bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronischer Investitionsmangel — eine deutsche Krankheit
Authors: Rösel Felix , Wolffson Julia 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungKein EU-Land investiert so wenig in seine öffentliche Infrastruktur wie Deutschland. Im europäischen Durchschnitt wurden seit 2000 jährlich etwa 3,7% des BIP für Straßen, Schulbau und andere staatliche Investitionen aufgewendet. Deutschland lag mit durchschnittlich 2,1% deutlich darunter. Diese Lücke lässt sich in Regressionsanalysen weder durch ökonomische, fiskalische, demografische noch institutionelle Faktoren erklären, auch nicht durch die Schuldenbremse. Die deutsche Investitionsschwäche scheint zu einer chronischen Krankheit geworden zu sein, für die andere Faktoren wie langwierige Planungsverfahren und Personalnot verantwortlich sein dürften. Für eine Kurskorrektur könnte es allerdings angesichts der sich zuspitzenden Fachkräfte- und Materialknappheit möglicherweise zu spät sein.
Homeoffice spart ein Zehntel Treibstoff ein
Authors: Jost Oskar , Seibert Holger 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAufgrund der rapide gestiegenen Treibstoffpreise wird die Debatte zu möglichen Einsparpotenzialen bei Treibstoff wichtiger. So könnten die in der Coronapandemie entwickelten Homeofficepotenziale dazu genutzt werden, um Pendelaufkommen zu reduzieren und so den Treibstoffverbrauch zu verringern. Um Einsparpotenziale zu bestimmen, wird eine für den deutschen Raum vorliegende Untersuchung genutzt, die Homeofficepotenziale für einzelne Berufsfelder ausweist. Diese Potenziale werden mit der Beschäftigungsstatistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit kombiniert. Diese Statistik liefert erste berufsspezifische Informationen zu Pendeldistanzen der Beschäftigten, die über Gemeindegrenzen hinweg pendeln und so besonders von hohen Treibstoffpreisen betroffen sind.
Potenziale entwickeln und Wissen teilen: deutsche Unternehmen in Afrika
Authors: Dohse Dirk , Fehrenbacher Sophia , von Carlowitz Philipp 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungAfrika ist ein Kontinent der Chancen, der in der künftigen weltwirtschaftlichen Arbeitsteilung eine deutlich größere Rolle spielen dürfte als bisher. Dennoch tut sich die deutsche Wirtschaft bislang schwer. Die digitale Transformation verändert die Investitions- und Innovationsbedingungen in Afrika. Daraus ergeben sich auch für deutsche Unternehmen Chancen auf dem afrikanischen Kontinent. Die Politik sollte Rahmenbedingungen für ein stärkeres privatwirtschaftliches Engagement deutscher und europäischer Unternehmen in Afrika schaffen.
Mehr Selbstdisziplin macht Politikberatung besser
Authors: Wagner Gert G. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is a differentiated literature on policy advice, but it is largely disconnected from the literature (and the underlying research landscape) on academic communication, which originally dealt only with the natural sciences. And both strands of the discussion are barely connected to the figure of the „public intellectual“ who has played an important role in the humanities and social sciences for decades. This is a role that, as discussed in this article, is now played digitally by many scholars with low barriers to entry. This creates new problems, which can be addressed by research ethics. Of course, the relevant literature in communication studies is not discussed in detail in this article, but it is pointed out that (selective) examination of this literature might also be worthwhile with regard to policy advice.
Datenmangel und andere Probleme der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Politikberatung in Deutschland
Authors: Haucap Justus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe relationship between politics and scientific policy advice is still characterized by misunderstandings on both sides. A major point of criticism from the political arena is repeatedly the lacking concern for reality in economics. This problem, however, is at least partly homemade, as the data situation is not good in many areas in Germany, even for research purposes. In addition to other reasons — such as incentives to publish in top international journals, which in turn seems to be easier with U.S. topics or data than with issues relevant to other countries — the lack of data availability also contributes to the fact that economists in the D/A/CH area deal less with “local” topics than would be possible.
Metyltetraprole activity against plant pathogens with relatively rare cytochrome b haplotypes for azoxystrobin resistance
Authors: Matsuzaki Yuichi , Uda Yukie , Harada Toshiyuki , Iwahashi Fukumatsu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMetyltetraprole is a novel quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide designed to avoid cross-resistance in cytochrome b G143A-harboring QoI-resistant phytopathogenic fungi. The resistance factors of G143A-harboring fungal isolates for metyltetraprole are around 1, but > 200 for the reference QoI fungicide azoxystrobin. In this study of metyltetraprole activities against azoxystrobin-resistant isolates carrying G137R, G137S, L299F, N256S + L299F, or L275F + L299F in cytochrome b, metyltetraprole had potent activity against all isolates with these cytochrome b haplotypes. The resistance factors ranged from 0.7 to 2.9 for metyltetraprole and from 3.0 to 175.1 for azoxystrobin. We revealed unique metyltetraprole inhibitory activities against QoI-resistant plant pathogens.
Dictionary learning compressed sensing reconstruction: pilot validation of accelerated echo planar J-resolved spectroscopic imaging in prostate cancer
Authors: Joy Ajin , Nagarajan Rajakumar , Saucedo Andres , Iqbal Zohaib , Sarma Manoj K. , Wilson Neil , Felker Ely , Reiter Robert E. , Raman Steven S. , Thomas M. Albert 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed at developing dictionary learning (DL) based compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction for randomly undersampled five-dimensional (5D) MR Spectroscopic Imaging (3D spatial + 2D spectral) data acquired in prostate cancer patients and healthy controls, and test its feasibility at 8x and 12x undersampling factors.

Materials and methods
Prospectively undersampled 5D echo-planar J-resolved spectroscopic imaging (EP-JRESI) data were acquired in nine prostate cancer (PCa) patients and three healthy males. The 5D EP-JRESI data were reconstructed using DL and compared with gradient sparsity-based Total Variation (TV) and Perona-Malik (PM) methods. A hybrid reconstruction technique, Dictionary Learning-Total Variation (DLTV), was also designed to further improve the quality of reconstructed spectra.

Results
The CS reconstruction of prospectively undersampled (8x and 12x) 5D EP-JRESI data acquired in prostate cancer and healthy subjects were performed using DL, DLTV, TV and PM. It is evident that the hybrid DLTV method can unambiguously resolve 2D J-resolved peaks including myo-inositol, citrate, creatine, spermine and choline.

Conclusion
Improved reconstruction of the accelerated 5D EP-JRESI data was observed using the hybrid DLTV. Accelerated acquisition of in vivo 5D data with as low as 8.33% samples (12x) corresponds to a total scan time of 14 min as opposed to a fully sampled scan that needs a total duration of 2.4 h (TR = 1.2 s, 32 $${k}_{x}$$

k
x

×16 $${k}_{y}$$

k
y

×8 $${k}_{z}$$

k
z

, 512 $${t}_{2}$$

t
2

and 64 $${t}_{1}$$

t
1

).
Fluorescent hiPSC-derived MYH6-mScarlet cardiomyocytes for real-time tracking, imaging, and cardiotoxicity assays
Authors: Maria Cherian Reeja , Prajapati Chandra , Penttinen Kirsi , Häkli Martta , Koivisto Janne T. , Pekkanen-Mattila Mari , Aalto-Setälä Katriina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) hold great potential in the cardiovascular field for human disease modeling, drug development, and regenerative medicine. However, multiple hurdles still exist for the effective utilization of hiPSC-CMs as a human-based experimental platform that can be an alternative to the current animal models. To further expand their potential as a research tool and bridge the translational gap, we have generated a cardiac-specific hiPSC reporter line that differentiates into fluorescent CMs using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology. The CMs illuminated with the mScarlet fluorescence enable their non-invasive continuous tracking and functional cellular phenotyping, offering a real-time 2D/3D imaging platform. Utilizing the reporter CMs, we developed an imaging-based cardiotoxicity screening system that can monitor distinct drug-induced structural toxicity and CM viability in real time. The reporter fluorescence enabled visualization of sarcomeric disarray and displayed a drug dose–dependent decrease in its fluorescence. The study also has demonstrated the reporter CMs as a biomaterial cytocompatibility analysis tool that can monitor dynamic cell behavior and maturity of hiPSC-CMs cultured in various biomaterial scaffolds. This versatile cardiac imaging tool that enables real time tracking and high-resolution imaging of CMs has significant potential in disease modeling, drug screening, and toxicology testing.
Graphical abstract
Interleukin-6 Downregulates the Expression of Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin and Increases Permeability in Renal Glomerular Endothelial Cells via the Trans-Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Yong-Chang , Fu Hui , Zhang Bo , Wu Yu-Bin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is still unknown, but reportedly, interleukin 6 (IL-6) is involved in this process. However, its role in damaging glomerular endothelial cells is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, to clarify the mechanism of the pathogenesis of IgAN, we investigated the effect of IL-6 on the permeability of glomerular endothelial cells. A rat model of IgAN was established, and the animals divided into two groups, namely, the normal and IgAN groups. Glomerular endothelial cell injury was evaluated via electron microscopy. Furthermore, IL-6-induced changes in the permeability of human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) were measured via trans-endothelial resistance (TEER) measurements and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran fluorescence. Furthermore, vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) was overexpressed to clarify the effect of IL-6 on HRGEC permeability, and to determine the pathway by which it acts. The classical signaling pathway was blocked by silencing IL-6R and the trans-signaling pathway was blocked by sgp30Fc. In IgAN rats, electron microscopy showed glomerular endothelial cell damage and western blotting revealed a significant increase in IL-6 expression, while VE-cadherin expression decreased significantly in the renal tissues. IL-6/IL-6R stimulation also significantly increased the permeability of HRGECs (p < 0.05). This effect was significantly reduced by VE-cadherin overexpression (p < 0.01). After IL-6R was silenced, IL-6/IL-6R still significantly reduced VE-cadherin expression and sgp30Fc blocked the trans-signaling pathway as well as the upregulation of IL-6/IL-6R-induced VE-cadherin expression. This suggests that IL-6 mainly acts via the trans-signaling pathway. IL-6 increased the permeability of HRGECs by decreasing the expression of VE-cadherin via the trans-signaling pathway.
Stencil Calculations with Algorithmic Skeletons for Heterogeneous Computing Environments
Authors: Herrmann Nina , de Melo Menezes Breno A. , Kuchen Herbert 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe development of parallel applications is a difficult and error-prone task, especially for inexperienced programmers. Stencil operations are exceptionally complex for parallelization as synchronization and communication between the individual processes and threads are necessary. It gets even more difficult to efficiently distribute the computations and efficiently implement communication when heterogeneous computing environments are used. For using multiple nodes, each having multiple cores and accelerators such as GPUs, skills in combining frameworks such as MPI, OpenMP, and CUDA are required. The complexity of parallelizing the stencil operation increases the need for abstracting from the platform-specific details and simplify parallel programming. One way to abstract from details of parallel programming is to use algorithmic skeletons. This work introduces an implementation of the MapStencil skeleton that is able to generate parallel code for distributed memory environments, using multiple nodes with multicore CPUs and GPUs. Examples of practical applications of the MapStencil skeleton are the Jacobi Solver or the Canny Edge Detector. The main contribution of this paper is a discussion of the difficulties when implementing a universal Skeleton for MapStencil for heterogeneous computing environments and an outline of the identified best practices for communication intense skeletons.
Novel RAB27A Variant Associated with Late-Onset Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Alters Effector Protein Binding
Authors: Zondag Timo C. E. , Torralba-Raga Lamberto , Van Laar Jan A. M. , Hermans Maud A. W. , Bouman Arjen , Hollink Iris H. I. M. , Van Hagen P. Martin , Briggs Deborah A. , Hume Alistair N. , Bryceson Yenan T. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Autosomal recessive mutations in RAB27A are associated with Griscelli syndrome type 2 (GS2), characterized by hypopigmentation and development of early-onset, potentially fatal hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). We describe a 35-year old male who presented with recurrent fever, was diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus-driven chronic lymphoproliferation, fulfilled clinical HLH criteria, and who carried a novel homozygous RAB27A c.551G > A p.(R184Q) variant. We aimed to evaluate the contribution of the identified RAB27A variant in regard to the clinical phenotype as well as cellular and biochemical function. The patient displayed normal pigmentation as well as RAB27A expression in blood-derived cells. However, patient NK and CD8+ T cell exocytosis was low. Ectopic expression of the RAB27A p.R184Q variant rescued melanosome distribution in mouse Rab27a-deficient melanocytes, but failed to increase exocytosis upon reconstitution of human RAB27A-deficient CD8+ T cells. Mechanistically, the RAB27A p.R184Q variant displayed reduced binding to SLP2A but augmented binding to MUNC13-4, two key effector proteins in immune cells. MUNC13-4 binding was particularly strong to an inactive RAB27A p.T23N/p.R184Q double mutant. RAB27A p.R184Q was expressed and could facilitate melanosome trafficking, but did not support lymphocyte exocytosis. The HLH-associated RAB27A variant increased Munc13-4 binding, potentially representing a novel mode of impairing RAB27A function selectively in hematopoietic cells.
Modernizing quantum annealing II: genetic algorithms with the inference primitive formalism
Authors: Chancellor Nicholas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractQuantum annealing, a method of computing where optimization and machine learning problems are mapped to physically implemented energy landscapes subject to quantum fluctuations, allows for these fluctuations to be used to assist in finding the solution to some of the world’s most challenging computational problems. Recently, this field has attracted much interest because of the construction of large-scale flux-qubit based quantum annealing devices. These devices have since implemented a technique known as reverse annealing which allows the solution space to be searched locally, and algorithms based on these techniques have been tested. In this paper, I develop a formalism for algorithmic design in quantum annealers, which I call the ‘inference primitive’ formalism. This formalism naturally lends itself to expressing algorithms which are structurally similar to genetic algorithms, but where the annealing processor performs a combined crossover/mutation step. I demonstrate how these methods can be used to understand the algorithms which have already been implemented and the compatibility of such controls with a wide variety of other current efforts to improve the performance of quantum annealers.
Does Social and Economic Disadvantage Predict Lower Engagement with Parenting Interventions? An Integrative Analysis Using Individual Participant Data
Authors: Berry Vashti , Melendez-Torres G. J. , Axford Nick , Axberg Ulf , de Castro Bram Orobio , Gardner Frances , Gaspar Maria Filomena , Handegård Bjørn Helge , Hutchings Judy , Menting Ankie , McGilloway Sinéad , Scott Stephen , Leijten Patty 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
There is a social gradient to the determinants of health; low socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to reduced educational attainment and employment prospects, which in turn affect physical and mental wellbeing. One goal of preventive interventions, such as parenting programs, is to reduce these health inequalities by supporting families with difficulties that are often patterned by SES. Despite these intentions, a recent individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of the Incredible Years (IY) parenting program found no evidence for differential benefit by socioeconomic disadvantage (Gardner et al. in Public Health Resesearch 5, 1–144, 2017). However, it did not examine whether this was influenced by engagement in the intervention. Using intervention arm data from this pooled dataset (13 trials; N = 1078), we examined whether there was an SES gradient to intervention attendance (an indicator of engagement). We ran mixed-effects Poisson regression models to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for program attendance for each of five (binary) markers of SES: low income; unemployment; low education status; teen parent; and lone parent status. The multilevel structure of the data allowed for comparison of within-trial and between-trial effects, including tests for contextual effects. We found evidence that low SES was associated with reduced attendance at parenting programs—an 8–19% reduction depending on the SES marker. However, there was no evidence that this association is impacted by differences in SES composition between trials or by the attendance levels of higher-SES families. The findings underscore the importance of developing and prioritizing strategies that enable engagement in parenting interventions and encourage program attendance by low-SES families.
Establishing thresholds for meaningful within-individual change using longitudinal item response theory
Authors: Bjorner Jakob Bue , Terluin Berend , Trigg Andrew , Hu Jinxiang , Brady Keri J. S. , Griffiths Pip 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Thresholds for meaningful within-individual change (MWIC) are useful for interpreting patient-reported outcome measures (PROM). Transition ratings (TR) have been recommended as anchors to establish MWIC. Traditional statistical methods for analyzing MWIC such as mean change analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and predictive modeling ignore problems of floor/ceiling effects and measurement error in the PROM scores and the TR item. We present a novel approach to MWIC estimation for multi-item scales using longitudinal item response theory (LIRT).

Methods
A Graded Response LIRT model for baseline and follow-up PROM data was expanded to include a TR item measuring latent change. The LIRT threshold parameter for the TR established the MWIC threshold on the latent metric, from which the observed PROM score MWIC threshold was estimated. We compared the LIRT approach and traditional methods using an example data set with baseline and three follow-up assessments differing by magnitude of score improvement, variance of score improvement, and baseline-follow-up score correlation.

Results
The LIRT model provided good fit to the data. LIRT estimates of observed PROM MWIC varied between 3 and 4 points score improvement. In contrast, results from traditional methods varied from 2 to 10 points—strongly associated with proportion of self-rated improvement. Best agreement between methods was seen when approximately 50% rated their health as improved.

Conclusion
Results from traditional analyses of anchor-based MWIC are impacted by study conditions. LIRT constitutes a promising and more robust analytic approach to identifying thresholds for MWIC.
Heavy Metal Contamination of the River Nile Environment, Rosetta Branch, Egypt
Authors: Al-Afify Afify D. G. , Abdel-Satar Amaal M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Rosetta Branch is one of Egypt’s most important Nile River branches, providing freshwater to multiple cities. However, its water quality has been deteriorating, with various wastes containing high loads of heavy metals being discharged into its body of water. Seasonally, water and sediment samples and two native aquatic plants (Ceratophyllum demersum and Eichhornia crassipes) were collected and analyzed from the Rosetta Branch to assess the level of metal contamination (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Co) using different metal indices. The levels of some metals in the branch water overstepped those suitable for drinking water and aquatic life. In increasing order, the means of the heavy metal concentrations in branch water (µg/L) were Cd (1.8–4.9) < Co (7.18–28.1) ≈ Ni (9.0–25.1) < Cr (8.56–27.4) < Cu (14–75) < Pb (9.3–67.9) < Zn (22–133) < Mn (68–220) < Fe (396–1640). All the metal indices measured in the sediment confirmed the Ni and Cd contamination, where Ni and Cd in the sediment surpass the sediment quality guidelines in 80% and 53% of samples, respectively, reflecting frequent adverse effects on aquatic organisms. According to the bioconcentration factor, C. demersum and E. crassipes have higher accumulation capacities mainly for Cd than those for other metals considered as major pollutants in the water and sediment of Rosetta Branch, reflecting the role of hydrophytes in the biological treatment of polluted water in aquatic environments.
Consideration of the carbon sequestration potential of seagrass to inform recovery and restoration projects within the Essex Estuaries Special Area of Conservation (SAC), United Kingdom
Authors: Gouldsmith Vanessa , Cooper Andrew 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

A review of available research into the blue carbon potential of seagrass was undertaken. This was then used to inform an analysis of the potential current, historic, and future value of carbon sequestered and stored in the Essex Estuaries Special Area of Conservation (SAC). The assessed status of Zostera in the SAC highlights the extent of historic loss and continued degradation of this designated sub-feature, and current water quality is incompatible with recovery or restoration. Seagrass blue carbon currently stored within the SAC equates to ∼18,350 t C at a sequestration rate of 117.15 t C yr−1, with a lost/potential of 534,700 t C storage capacity. The calculated financial value of current stocks (£4.6 m) is dwarfed by the lost/potential monetary value of carbon storage, £135 m, and the forfeited sequestration of £860,000-worth of carbon annually from degraded habitat. The use of carbon offset credits could help fund the huge potential for restoration that exists within the SAC.