bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Band conductivity oscillations in a gate-tunable graphene superlattice
Authors: Huber Robin , Steffen Max-Niklas , Drienovsky Martin , Sandner Andreas , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Pfannkuche Daniela , Weiss Dieter , Eroms Jonathan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectrons exposed to a two-dimensional (2D) periodic potential and a uniform, perpendicular magnetic field exhibit a fractal, self-similar energy spectrum known as the Hofstadter butterfly. Recently, related high-temperature quantum oscillations (Brown-Zak oscillations) were discovered in graphene moiré systems, whose origin lies in the repetitive occurrence of extended minibands/magnetic Bloch states at rational fractions of magnetic flux per unit cell giving rise to an increase in band conductivity. In this work, we report on the experimental observation of band conductivity oscillations in an electrostatically defined and gate-tunable graphene superlattice, which are governed both by the internal structure of the Hofstadter butterfly (Brown-Zak oscillations) and by a commensurability relation between the cyclotron radius of electrons and the superlattice period (Weiss oscillations). We obtain a complete, unified description of band conductivity oscillations in two-dimensional superlattices, yielding a detailed match between theory and experiment.
p53 wild-type colorectal cancer cells that express a fetal gene signature are associated with metastasis and poor prognosis
Authors: Solé Laura , Lobo-Jarne Teresa , Álvarez-Villanueva Daniel , Alonso-Marañón Josune , Guillén Yolanda , Guix Marta , Sangrador Irene , Rozalén Catalina , Vert Anna , Barbachano Antonio , Lop Joan , Salido Marta , Bellosillo Beatriz , García-Romero Raquel , Garrido Marta , González Jessica , Martínez-Iniesta María , López-Arribillaga Erika , Salazar Ramón , Montagut Clara , Torres Ferrán , Iglesias Mar , Celià-Terrassa Toni , Muñoz Alberto , Villanueva Alberto , Bigas Anna , Espinosa Lluís 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCurrent therapy against colorectal cancer (CRC) is based on DNA-damaging agents that remain ineffective in a proportion of patients. Whether and how non-curative DNA damage-based treatment affects tumor cell behavior and patient outcome is primarily unstudied. Using CRC patient-derived organoids (PDO)s, we show that sublethal doses of chemotherapy (CT) does not select previously resistant tumor populations but induces a quiescent state specifically to TP53 wildtype (WT) cancer cells, which is linked to the acquisition of a YAP1-dependent fetal phenotype. Cells displaying this phenotype exhibit high tumor-initiating and metastatic activity. Nuclear YAP1 and fetal traits are present in a proportion of tumors at diagnosis and predict poor prognosis in patients carrying TP53 WT CRC tumors. We provide data indicating the higher efficacy of CT together with YAP1 inhibitors for eradication of therapy resistant TP53 WT cancer cells. Together these results identify fetal conversion as a useful biomarker for patient prognosis and therapy prescription.
An electrochemically stable homogeneous glassy electrolyte formed at room temperature for all-solid-state sodium batteries
Authors: Chi Xiaowei , Zhang Ye , Hao Fang , Kmiec Steven , Dong Hui , Xu Rong , Zhao Kejie , Ai Qing , Terlier Tanguy , Wang Liang , Zhao Lihong , Guo Liqun , Lou Jun , Xin Huolin L. , Martin Steve W. , Yao Yan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAll-solid-state sodium batteries (ASSSBs) are promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage. However, there are no commercialized ASSSBs yet, in part due to the lack of a low-cost, simple-to-fabricate solid electrolyte (SE) with electrochemical stability towards Na metal. In this work, we report a family of oxysulfide glass SEs (Na3PS4−xOx, where 0 < x ≤ 0.60) that not only exhibit the highest critical current density among all Na-ion conducting sulfide-based SEs, but also enable high-performance ambient-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries. By forming bridging oxygen units, the Na3PS4−xOx SEs undergo pressure-induced sintering at room temperature, resulting in a fully homogeneous glass structure with robust mechanical properties. Furthermore, the self-passivating solid electrolyte interphase at the Na|SE interface is critical for interface stabilization and reversible Na plating and stripping. The new structural and compositional design strategies presented here provide a new paradigm in the development of safe, low-cost, energy-dense, and long-lifetime ASSSBs.
The unconventional activation of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4R by diverse ligands
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Wu Meng , Chen Zhangcheng , Wu Lijie , Wang Tian , Cao Dongmei , Wang Huan , Liu Shenhui , Xu Yueming , Li Fei , Liu Junlin , Chen Na , Zhao Suwen , Cheng Jianjun , Wang Sheng , Hua Tian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMuscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and play important roles in human nervous system. Muscarinic receptor 4 (M4R) is a promising drug target for treating neurological and mental disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. However, the lack of understanding on M4R’s activation by subtype selective agonists hinders its therapeutic applications. Here, we report the structural characterization of M4R selective allosteric agonist, compound-110, as well as agonist iperoxo and positive allosteric modulator LY2119620. Our cryo-electron microscopy structures of compound-110, iperoxo or iperoxo-LY2119620 bound M4R-Gi complex reveal their different interaction modes and activation mechanisms of M4R, and the M4R-ip-LY-Gi structure validates the cooperativity between iperoxo and LY2119620 on M4R. Through the comparative structural and pharmacological analysis, compound-110 mostly occupies the allosteric binding pocket with vertical binding pose. Such a binding and activation mode facilitates its allostersic selectivity and agonist profile. In addition, in our schizophrenia-mimic mouse model study, compound-110 shows antipsychotic activity with low extrapyramidal side effects. Thus, this study provides structural insights to develop next-generation antipsychotic drugs selectively targeting on mAChRs subtypes.
Controllable multiple-step configuration transformations in a thermal/photoinduced reaction
Authors: Wang Meng-Fan , Mi Yan , Hu Fei-Long , Hirao Hajime , Niu Zheng , Braunstein Pierre , Lang Jian-Ping 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSolid-state photochemical reactions of olefinic compounds have been demonstrated to represent powerful access to organic cyclic molecules with specific configurations. However, the precise control of the stereochemistry in these reactions remains challenging owing to complex and fleeting configuration transformations. Herein, we report a unique approach to control the regiospecific configurations of C = C groups and the intermediates by varying temperatures in multiple-step thermal/photoinduced reactions, thus successfully realizing reversible ring closing/opening changes using a single-crystal coordination polymer platform. All stereochemical transitions are observed by in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations allow us to rationalize the mechanism of the synergistic thermal/photoinduced transformations. This approach can be generalized to the analysis of the possible configuration transformations of functional groups and intermediates and unravel the detailed mechanism for any inorganic, organic and macromolecular reactions susceptible to incorporation into single-crystal coordination polymer platforms.
Multisensory task demands temporally extend the causal requirement for visual cortex in perception
Authors: Oude Lohuis Matthijs N. , Pie Jean L. , Marchesi Pietro , Montijn Jorrit S. , de Kock Christiaan P. J. , Pennartz Cyriel M. A. , Olcese Umberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrimary sensory areas constitute crucial nodes during perceptual decision making. However, it remains unclear to what extent they mainly constitute a feedforward processing step, or rather are continuously involved in a recurrent network together with higher-order areas. We found that the temporal window in which primary visual cortex is required for the detection of identical visual stimuli was extended when task demands were increased via an additional sensory modality that had to be monitored. Late-onset optogenetic inactivation preserved bottom-up, early-onset responses which faithfully encoded stimulus features, and was effective in impairing detection only if it preceded a late, report-related phase of the cortical response. Increasing task demands were marked by longer reaction times and the effect of late optogenetic inactivation scaled with reaction time. Thus, independently of visual stimulus complexity, multisensory task demands determine the temporal requirement for ongoing sensory-related activity in V1, which overlaps with report-related activity.
STING agonist delivery by tumour-penetrating PEG-lipid nanodiscs primes robust anticancer immunity
Authors: Dane Eric L. , Belessiotis-Richards Alexis , Backlund Coralie , Wang Jianing , Hidaka Kousuke , Milling Lauren E. , Bhagchandani Sachin , Melo Mariane B. , Wu Shengwei , Li Na , Donahue Nathan , Ni Kaiyuan , Ma Leyuan , Okaniwa Masanori , Stevens Molly M. , Alexander-Katz Alfredo , Irvine Darrell J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractActivation of the innate immune STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING) pathway potentiates antitumour immunity, but systemic delivery of STING agonists to tumours is challenging. We conjugated STING-activating cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) to PEGylated lipids (CDN-PEG-lipids; PEG, polyethylene glycol) via a cleavable linker and incorporated them into lipid nanodiscs (LNDs), which are discoid nanoparticles formed by self-assembly. Compared to state-of-the-art liposomes, intravenously administered LNDs carrying CDN-PEG-lipid (LND-CDNs) exhibited more efficient penetration of tumours, exposing the majority of tumour cells to STING agonist. A single dose of LND-CDNs induced rejection of established tumours, coincident with immune memory against tumour rechallenge. Although CDNs were not directly tumoricidal, LND-CDN uptake by cancer cells correlated with robust T-cell activation by promoting CDN and tumour antigen co-localization in dendritic cells. LNDs thus appear promising as a vehicle for robust delivery of compounds throughout solid tumours, which can be exploited for enhanced immunotherapy.
A multisystem, cardio-renal investigation of post-COVID-19 illness
Authors: Morrow Andrew J. , Sykes Robert , McIntosh Alasdair , Kamdar Anna , Bagot Catherine , Bayes Hannah K. , Blyth Kevin G. , Briscoe Michael , Bulluck Heerajnarain , Carrick David , Church Colin , Corcoran David , Findlay Iain , Gibson Vivienne B. , Gillespie Lynsey , Grieve Douglas , Hall Barrientos Pauline , Ho Antonia , Lang Ninian N. , Lennie Vera , Lowe David J. , Macfarlane Peter W. , Mark Patrick B. , Mayne Kaitlin J. , McConnachie Alex , McGeoch Ross , McGinley Christopher , McKee Connor , Nordin Sabrina , Payne Alexander , Rankin Alastair J. , Robertson Keith E. , Roditi Giles , Ryan Nicola , Sattar Naveed , Allwood-Spiers Sarah , Stobo David , Touyz Rhian M. , Veldtman Gruschen , Watkins Stuart , Weeden Sarah , Weir Robin A. , Welsh Paul , Wereski Ryan ,   CISCO-19 Consortium, Basu Neil , Brown Ammani , Butler Elaine , Dobbin Stephen J. H. , Dougherty Andrew , Dymock Laura , Fallon Kirsty , Gilmour Lesley , Hopkins Tracey , Lees Jennifer S. , McInnes Iain B , McLennan Evonne , Savage Fiona , Siebert Stefan , Tynan Nicola , Woodward Rosemary , Mangion Kenneth , Berry Colin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe pathophysiology and trajectory of post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome is uncertain. To clarify multisystem involvement, we undertook a prospective cohort study including patients who had been hospitalized with COVID-19 (ClinicalTrials.gov IDNCT04403607). Serial blood biomarkers, digital electrocardiography and patient-reported outcome measures were obtained in-hospital and at 28–60 days post-discharge when multisystem imaging using chest computed tomography with pulmonary and coronary angiography and cardio-renal magnetic resonance imaging was also obtained. Longer-term clinical outcomes were assessed using electronic health records. Compared to controls (n = 29), at 28–60 days post-discharge, people with COVID-19 (n = 159; mean age, 55 years; 43% female) had persisting evidence of cardio-renal involvement and hemostasis pathway activation. The adjudicated likelihood of myocarditis was ‘very likely’ in 21 (13%) patients, ‘probable’ in 65 (41%) patients, ‘unlikely’ in 56 (35%) patients and ‘not present’ in 17 (11%) patients. At 28–60 days post-discharge, COVID-19 was associated with worse health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L score 0.77 (0.23) versus 0.87 (0.20)), anxiety and depression (PHQ-4 total score 3.59 (3.71) versus 1.28 (2.67)) and aerobic exercise capacity reflected by predicted maximal oxygen utilization (20.0 (7.6) versus 29.5 (8.0) ml/kg/min) (allP < 0.01). During follow-up (mean, 450 days), 24 (15%) patients and two (7%) controls died or were rehospitalized, and 108 (68%) patients and seven (26%) controls received outpatient secondary care (P = 0.017). The illness trajectory of patients after hospitalization with COVID-19 includes persisting multisystem abnormalities and health impairments that could lead to substantial demand on healthcare services in the future.
Phenotypic and genetic associations of quantitative magnetic susceptibility in UK Biobank brain imaging
Authors: Wang Chaoyue , Martins-Bach Aurea B. , Alfaro-Almagro Fidel , Douaud Gwenaëlle , Klein Johannes C. , Llera Alberto , Fiscone Cristiana , Bowtell Richard , Elliott Lloyd T. , Smith Stephen M. , Tendler Benjamin C. , Miller Karla L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA key aim in epidemiological neuroscience is identification of markers to assess brain health and monitor therapeutic interventions. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an emerging magnetic resonance imaging technique that measures tissue magnetic susceptibility and has been shown to detect pathological changes in tissue iron, myelin and calcification. We present an open resource of QSM-based imaging measures of multiple brain structures in 35,273 individuals from the UK Biobank prospective epidemiological study. We identify statistically significant associations of 251 phenotypes with magnetic susceptibility that include body iron, disease, diet and alcohol consumption. Genome-wide associations relate magnetic susceptibility to 76 replicating clusters of genetic variants with biological functions involving iron, calcium, myelin and extracellular matrix. These patterns of associations include relationships that are unique to QSM, in particular being complementary to T2* signal decay time measures. These new imaging phenotypes are being integrated into the core UK Biobank measures provided to researchers worldwide, creating the potential to discover new, non-invasive markers of brain health.
Towards rainbow portable Cytophone with laser diodes for global disease diagnostics
Authors: Jawad Hind J. , Yadem Aayire C. , Menyaev Yulian A. , Sarimollaoglu Mustafa , Armstrong Jillian N. , Watanabe Fumiya , Biris Alexandru S. , Stumhofer Jason S. , Nedosekin Dmitry , Suen James Y. , Parikh Sunil , Zharov Vladimir P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn vivo, Cytophone has demonstrated the capability for the early diagnosis of cancer, infection, and cardiovascular disorders through photoacoustic detection of circulating disease markers directly in the bloodstream with an unprecedented 1,000-fold improvement in sensitivity. Nevertheless, a Cytophone with higher specificity and portability is urgently needed. Here, we introduce a novel Cytophone platform that integrates a miniature multispectral laser diode array, time-color coding, and high-speed time-resolved signal processing. Using two-color (808 nm/915 nm) laser diodes, we demonstrated spectral identification of white and red clots, melanoma cells, and hemozoin in malaria-infected erythrocytes against a blood background and artifacts. Data from a Plasmodium yoelii murine model and cultured human P. falciparum were verified in vitro with confocal photothermal and fluorescent microscopy. With these techniques, we detected infected cells within 4 h after invasion, which makes hemozoin promising as a spectrally selective marker at the earliest stages of malaria progression. Along with the findings from our previous application of Cytophone with conventional lasers for the diagnosis of melanoma, bacteremia, sickle anemia, thrombosis, stroke, and abnormal hemoglobin forms, this current finding suggests the potential for the development of a portable rainbow Cytophone with multispectral laser diodes for the identification of these and other diseases.
Guiding cell migration in 3D with high-resolution photografting
Authors: Sayer Simon , Zandrini Tommaso , Markovic Marica , Van Hoorick Jasper , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Baudis Stefan , Holnthoner Wolfgang , Ovsianikov Aleksandr 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMulti-photon lithography (MPL) has proven to be a suitable tool to precisely control the microenvironment of cells in terms of the biochemical and biophysical properties of the hydrogel matrix. In this work, we present a novel method, based on multi-photon photografting of 4,4′-diazido-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DSSA), and its capabilities to induce cell alignment, directional cell migration and endothelial sprouting in a gelatin-based hydrogel matrix. DSSA-photografting allows for the fabrication of complex patterns at a high-resolution and is a biocompatible, universally applicable and straightforward process that is comparably fast. We have demonstrated the preferential orientation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) in response to a photografted pattern. Co-culture spheroids of hASCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) have been utilized to study the directional migration of hASCs into the modified regions. Subsequently, we have highlighted the dependence of endothelial sprouting on the presence of hASCs and demonstrated the potential of photografting to control the direction of the sprouts. MPL-induced DSSA-photografting has been established as a promising method to selectively alter the microenvironment of cells.
Correlation between loneliness, personality traits, and treatment outcomes in patients with methamphetamine use disorder
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Yu , Wang Tzu-Yun , Tseng Huai-Hsuan , Chen Kao Chin , Chiu Ching-Ju , Chen Po See , Yang Yen Kuang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether loneliness and personality traits correlate with the treatment outcome of methamphetamine use disorder. In this 1-year longitudinal study, a total 106 participants (98 males, 8 females), with a mean age 36.3 ± 9.6 years were enrolled. We measured UCLA Loneliness Scale and Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire at baseline, while craving level at baseline, week 12, 24, 36, and 48. Urinary methamphetamine tests were given 17 times. For the evaluation of the data, multiple linear regression and generalized linear mixed models were used. The baseline results showed lower levels of the harm avoidance trait and higher levels of loneliness were significantly associated with higher craving levels (p=0.04 and 0.04). Moreover, loneliness was not only positively associated with craving levels (B=0.05, p<0.01) but with urinary methamphetamine positive results (B= 0.08, p=0.03) during one-year treatment. The findings suggested that loneliness was associated with poor methamphetamine treatment outcome (greater craving levels and higher proportion of positive methamphetamine urine tests) and lower harm avoidance traits are associated with higher craving levels.
Birdsong classification based on ensemble multi-scale convolutional neural network
Authors: Liu Jiang , Zhang Yan , Lv Danjv , Lu Jing , Xie Shanshan , Zi Jiali , Yin Yue , Xu Haifeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the intensification of ecosystem damage, birds have become the symbolic species of the ecosystem. Ornithology with interdisciplinary technical research plays a great significance for protecting birds and evaluating ecosystem quality. Deep learning shows great progress for birdsongs recognition. However, as the number of network layers increases in traditional CNN, semantic information gradually becomes richer and detailed information disappears. Secondly, the global information carried by the entire input may be lost in convolution, pooling, or other operations, and these problems will weaken the performance of classification. In order to solve such problems, based on the feature spectrogram from the wavelet transform for the birdsongs, this paper explored the multi-scale convolution neural network (MSCNN) and proposed an ensemble multi-scale convolution neural network (EMSCNN) classification framework. The experiments compared the MSCNN and EMSCNN models with other CNN models including LeNet, VGG16, ResNet101, MobileNetV2, EfficientNetB7, Darknet53 and SPP-net. The results showed that the MSCNN model achieved an accuracy of 89.61%, and EMSCNN achieved an accuracy of 91.49%. In the experiments on the recognition of 30 species of birds, our models effectively improved the classification effect with high stability and efficiency, indicating that the models have better generalization ability and are suitable for birdsongs species recognition. It provides methodological and technical scheme reference for bird classification research.
Neural signature of the perceptual decision in the neural population responses of the inferior temporal cortex
Authors: Dehaqani Mohammad-Reza A. , Emadi Nazli , Vahabie Abdol-Hossein , Zandvakili Amin , Esteky Hossein 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRapid categorization of visual objects is critical for comprehending our complex visual world. The role of individual cortical neurons and neural populations in categorizing visual objects during passive vision has previously been studied. However, it is unclear whether and how perceptually guided behaviors affect the encoding of stimulus categories by neural population activity in the higher visual cortex. Here we studied the activity of the inferior temporal (IT) cortical neurons in macaque monkeys during both passive viewing and categorization of ambiguous body and object images. We found enhanced category information in the IT neural population activity during the correct, but not wrong, trials of the categorization task compared to the passive task. This encoding enhancement was task difficulty dependent with progressively larger values in trials with more ambiguous stimuli. Enhancement of IT neural population information for behaviorally relevant stimulus features suggests IT neural networks' involvement in perceptual decision-making behavior.