bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liposomal silymarin anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic features in lung cells: An implication in cadmium toxicity
Authors: Gheybi Fatemeh , Rajabian Fatemeh , Tayarani-Najaran Zahra , Adibi Amir Reza , Alavizadeh Seyedeh Hoda 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Heavy metals are serious toxicants, and environmental pollution increase the risk of their exposure to human. This study compared the role of silymarin nanoliposomes (SL-L) against cadmium (Cd) toxicity in normal MRC-5 and A 549 cancer cells. For this, MRC-5 and A 549 cells exposed to Cd at 25 and 0.25 µM respectively, were treated with various non-toxic SL-L concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 µM) and the cells viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis and the levels of cleaved PARP and caspase-3 proteins were determined following incubation. Results indicated that Cd exposure significantly increased apoptosis due to ROS generation, and showed greater toxicity on cancer cells compared to the normal cells. While SL-L at higher concentrations (25 µM and higher) exhibits pro-apoptotic features, lower concentrations (10 and 2.5 µM for MRC-5 and A 549 cancer cells, respectively) played a protective and anti-oxidant role in Cd induced toxicity in both cells. Further, lower SL-L was required to protect cancer cells against Cd toxicity. In general, treatment with SL-L significantly improved the cell survival by decreasing ROS levels, cleaved PARP and caspase-3 in both MRC-5 and A 549 cells compared to free silymarin. Results demonstrated that SL-L potential in protecting against Cd-induced toxicity depends on concentration-dependent antioxidant and anti-apoptotic balance.
Scheduled simple production method of pseudopregnant female mice for embryo transfer using the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist
Authors: Sari Gema Puspa , Yuri Shunsuke , Honda Arata , Isotani Ayako 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The use of mice as experimental animal models has been a practice since the development of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) in the early 1980s. New technologies, including genome editing, have helped in the time- and cost-efficient generation of GEMMs. However, methods for preparing pseudopregnant females, essential for the generation of GEMMs, remain less advanced. This study proposes a new method to achieve simple production of pseudopregnant female mice using a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LHRHa). A 20 µg LHRHa/mouse was identified as the best dose for inducing estrus synchronization. However, the frequency of copulation was 40% on a single injection. With sequential injections of 20 µg LHRHa/mouse on Days-1 and − 2, followed by pairing on Day-5, 78% of LHRHa-treated females copulated with male mice. Moreover, LHRHa treatment did not affect fetal development and offspring viability. Eventually, successful generation of offspring via embryo transfer was attained using LHRHa-treated pseudopregnant females. LHRHa administration method is efficient in producing pseudopregnant female mice for the generation of GEMMs, and we expect that it will contribute towards advancing the clinical research.
Restoration and Renewal of Ecological Spatial Network in Mining Cities for the Purpose of Enhancing Carbon Sinks: The Case of Xuzhou，China
Authors: Qiu Shi , Yu Qiang , Niu Teng , Fang Minzhe , Guo Hongqiong , Liu Hongjun , Li Song 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Context
The original ecosystems of mining cities are constantly being destroyed. Therefore, it becomes crucial to restore and enhance the ecological environment of mining cities and improve the carbon sink capacity of vegetation. However, there is a lack of relevant strategies to optimize.
Objectives
We explored the optimization strategies to enhance the ecological functionality and carbon sink of the city and verified the optimization effects.
Methods
We extracted the ecological spatial network of Xuzhou City, calculated the ecological functionality, carbon sink and topological indicators of the sources, and correlated the topological indicators with the carbon sink. We proposed an optimization strategy according to the results. Finally, we determine the effect of optimization by the change of robustness and carbon sink.
Results
We abstracted the sources as nodes and found that the ecospatial network was divided into different communities and nodes of the same community were adjacent to each other in geographic space. We also found that the three types of node carbon sinks have a significant positive correlation with the betweenness centrality of nodes. By adding ecological corridors and stepping stones, the robustness of the network and the ecological recovery ability can be improved. At the same time, the optimized carbon sink increased by 377.6 tons.
Conclusions
By restoring and renewing ecological space, the carbon sink of mining cities can be effectively enhanced, which provides theoretical and measure references for future ecological engineering of mining cities. In addition, it is a remote sensing application to promote urban development and sustainability.
Cause of stillbirth and pathophysiological pathways in mothers with overweight and obesity
Authors: Nijkamp Janna Willemina Willemina , KORTEWEG Fleurisca J. , GROEN Henk , TIMMER Albertus , ERWICH Jan Jaap H.M. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Obesity is independently associated with stillbirth, especially in early gestation and late-term gestation. Underlying pathophysiological mechanism causing fetal death is yet not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between maternal body mass index and stillbirth and its importance in potential pathophysiological mechanisms of fetal death.
Methods
In a multicenter prospective cohort study from 2002 to 2008, 1.025 women with a fetal death > 20 weeks of gestation were studied. An extensive diagnostic workup was performed including maternal blood tests, coagulation tests, autopsy and placental examination. Cause of death was classified by a multidisciplinary panel. Odds ratios for each outcome stratified by gestational age were estimated for different maternal BMI classes (underweight BMI < 18.5; overweight BMI 25.0-29.9; obesity BMI > 30.0) compared with normal weight women (BMI 18.5–24.9) by using logistic regression and cause of death was studied.
Results
We analysed 793 women. Obese women significantly more often had pre-existing hypertension, pregnancy induced hypertension or gestational diabetes. Early fetal death (< 37 weeks) in obese women is more often caused by placental bed pathology (OR 4.10, 95% CI 1.79–9.40, P 0.001), and term fetal death by developmental placental pathology (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.01–3.71, P 0.05).
Conclusion
In obese women there are at least 2 distinct underlying pathophysiological pathways causing fetal death. The underlying mechanisms of these pathways are uncertain and should be investigated in future.
Functional outcomes of transanal versus transabdominal restorative proctectomy with ileal pouch- anal anastomosis in Ulcerative Colitis. A comparative study
Authors: Bislenghi Gabriele , Denolf Melvin , Fieuws Steffen , Wolthuis Albert , D’Hoore André 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) ensures satisfactory gastro-intestinal function and quality of life (QoL) in patients with refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). The transanal approach to proctectomy and IPAA (Ta-IPAA) has been developed to address the technical shortfalls of the traditional transabdominal approach (Tabd-IPAA). In previous studies, Ta-IPAA has proven to be safe but there is lack of reported functional outcomes. Aim of this study is to compare functional outcomes and QoL after Ta- or Tabd-IPAA for UC.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of consecutive UC patients who underwent IPAA between 2011 and 2017. Only patients who underwent a modified-2 or 3 stage approach were included in the analysis. Close rectal dissection was performed in Ta-IPAA as opposed to total mesorectal excision in Tabd-IPAA. A propensity score weighting was performed. Functional outcomes were assessed using two functional scoring systems: the Pouch Functional Score (PFS) and the Öresland score (OS). The global quality of life scale (GQOL) was used for patients’ overall perspective on QoL. Follow-up was scheduled at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, postoperatively.ResultsOne hundred and eight patients were included. Thirty eight patients had Ta-IPAA. At 12 months follow-up, mean OS and PFS were 4.6 (CI 3.2-6.0) vs 6.2 (CI 5.0-7.3), p=0.025 and 6.1 (CI 3.5-8.8) vs 7.4 (CI 5.4-9.5), p=0.32, for Ta and Tabd-IPAA, respectively. Mean GQOL score for Ta-IPAA was 82.5 (CI 74.8-90.1) vs 75.5 (69.4-81.7) for Tabd-IPAA (p=0.045).ConclusionsAt 12 months postoperatively, Ta-IPAA seems to provide a superior pouch function and QoL.
De Novo Metastatic Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer with Synchronous Gastric and Colonic Spread: a case report
Authors: Antar Ahmad , AlHajjar Ahmad , AlQatari Mahfood , El-Majzoub Nadim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Gastrointestinal metastasis from invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) is relatively rare. Simultaneous gastric and colonic metastases are extremely rare. Its presentation is typically vague; therefore, early recognition using clinical, radiological, endoscopic and histopathologic investigations is critical to distinguish it from primary gastric carcinoma. We report a 62-year-old woman who presented initially with atypical gastrointestinal symptoms and was diagnosed with de novo metastatic ILC with synchronous gastric and colonic involvement. She had excellent clinical response after 4 weeks of medical treatment. To our best knowledge, this is the first case of synchronous spread to stomach and colon as the first presentation of de novo metastatic breast cancer.
Short sleep duration increases the risk of diseases in older adults exercise practitioners
Authors: Fank Felipe , Werlich Matheus Godinho , Pereira Franciele Silva , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Aging causes changes in sleep and thus can increase the risk of developing diverse diseases. However, little is still known about the impact of sleep duration in some conditions of older adults who exercise regularly. Aim: To evaluate the association between diseases and short sleep duration in older adults who are practitioners of physical exercise. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study. Two hundred and sixteen older adults (70.2±6.81 years) were investigated. Sociodemographic and health characteristics were collected by interview using questionnaires. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was applied to assess sleep quality and sleep duration. Sleep duration was classified as short when the older adults slept less than seven hours per night. A Poisson regression model was used, adopting a 5% significance level. Results: The prevalence of poor sleep quality in the sample was 47.7% (95%CI: 44.4-50.9). In addition, 43.1% (95%CI: 36.5-49.6) of the older adults had short sleep duration. Older adults with arthrosis (p=0.008), depression (p=0.043), diabetes (p=0.005), heart disease (p=0.008), fibromyalgia (p<0.001), and urinary incontinence (p=0.004) had a higher PSQI score than those without these diseases. In regression analysis, hypothyroidism (PR=1.63; 95%CI: 1.19-2.23) and fibromyalgia (PR=1.68; 95%CI: 1.07-2.62) were associated with short sleep duration. Conclusions: Older adults with hypothyroidism and fibromyalgia are more likely to sleep less than seven hours per night compared to those without these diseases. Multidisciplinary interventions are important to improve sleep and the quality of life of older adults.
“I wish she would explain the medication in a way I could understand.” A Mixed Methods Study of Chin Burmese Refugee-Pharmacist Relationships
Authors: Ryder Priscilla Tankersley , Chinpar Biak , Kercood Suneeta 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Because they face persecution in their native Myanmar, many members of the Chin ethnic group have come to the United States as refugees, where they face language and cultural barriers. Little is known about their perceptions of Western medications or relationships with pharmacists. Aim: To explore, from the refugees’ perspectives, the meanings that Western medications hold, how they prefer to communicate with healthcare providers and pharmacists, and the strategies they use to take medication properly. Method: This mixed-methods study used a survey, an assessment of health literacy, and in-depth semi-structured interviews.Results: The 21 respondents were born in Myanmar, had a median age of 64 years, little formal education, and low health literacy. Respondents reported positive attitudes toward Western medications and high adherence to prescribers’ instruction. Although they usually obtained medication at community pharmacies, respondents reported communication barriers and refugees’ knowledge of services available to them there was limited.Conclusion: Community pharmacists need to be aware of the needs of their Chin patients and consider strategies to accommodate them.
Large-scale heavy precipitation over the Czech Republic and its link to atmospheric circulation in CORDEX regional climate models
Authors: Beranová Romana , Kyselý Jan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The study evaluates ability of regional climate models (RCMs) to reproduce relationships between large-scale heavy precipitation events (LHPEs) over the Czech Republic and atmospheric circulation. We use an ensemble of 32 RCM simulations with the 0.11° resolution from the Euro-CORDEX project, and compare the historical simulations (1951–2005) against observations from the E-OBS data set. A novel selection criterion for LHPEs is proposed, defining these as days with at least 70% of all grid boxes over a given area with precipitation amounts exceeding the 90th grid-specific percentile of the seasonal distribution of daily amounts. The association with atmospheric circulation is investigated through circulation types derived from sea level pressure using airflow indices (direction, strength and vorticity). The majority of the RCMs capture that the frequency of days with LHPEs is higher in winter than summer, but almost all underestimate the occurrence of LHPEs in both seasons. In winter, the observed LHPEs are connected mainly with cyclonic types and westerly supertype; the role of nonwesterly and cyclonic-nonwesterly supertypes is significant only in the eastern part, where the Atlantic influence is weaker. In summer, the importance of cyclonic and nonwesterly types in producing LHPEs increases compared to winter. The RCMs reasonably well reproduce these links, including differences between seasons and regions, if their ensemble mean is evaluated, but large variations occur among individual simulations mainly in summer. The importance of cyclonic vorticity is overestimated in the RCMs, while westerly advection of moist air plays a smaller role in models than in observations.
Spatial Distribution of the Trends in Potential Evapotranspiration and its Influencing Climatic Factors in Iraq
Authors: Al-Hasani Alaa Adel Jasim , Shahid Shamsuddin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Understanding the spatial variations in Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) and its influencing climatic variables is essential for sustainable agriculture and water resources management. However, little published research has investigated the alternation of PET due to climate change in the case of Iraq. The objective of the present study was to analyze the spatial trends in annual and seasonal PET in Iraq. Accordingly, the latest global ERA5-Land dataset of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for 1981‒2021 was employed. The PET was estimated using the FAO-Penman-Monteith method. The modified Mann-Kendall statistical test was applied to evaluate the significance of the trends in PET, which can separate unidirectional trends caused by climate change from the natural variability of climate. The obtained results indicate that: (1) Over the past four decades, the annual and seasonal PET witnessed a significant increasing trend in almost all of Iraq, except over the alluvial plain located in the eastern and southeastern parts. (2) The increasing trend in PET confirmed the patterns of the trend significance, with the highest increase of 0.28‒0.65 mm/decade in southwest Iraq. (3) Summer had the highest increasing trend of 0.35‒0.65 mm/decade, followed by spring, autumn, and winter. (4) The air temperature was the predominant driving factor of rising PET, showing a strong correlation ranging from 0.77 to 0.88 and a contribution of 26 to 94%, mainly in the south, central, and northwest regions. The reverse contribution of wind speed and surface pressure to PET, particularly in the southeast and southwest, remains offset by the influence of air temperature and net solar radiation. Overall, the PET has risen drastically due to global climate change, indicating the potential for increased atmospheric water demand in the region.
TSGA10, a new player in regulating autophagy and apoptosis
Authors: Rezazadeh Davood , Ranjbarnejad Fatemeh , Mansouri Kamran , Mostafaie Ali , Barzegari Ebrahim , Modarressi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Testis specific gene antigen 10 (TSGA10) overexpression could inhibit angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion through inhibiting HIF-1α. The exact role of TSGA10 in autophagy and apoptosis is not clear. Present study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of TSGA10 overexpression on regulation of autophagy and apoptosis. To do so, TSGA10-containing vector (pcDNA3.1-TSGA10 vector) was designed for stable and transient transfections in HeLa cells, and clonal selection was applied. Expression of autophagy and apoptosis-related genes was assessed by real-time RT-PCR in TSGA10-overexpressing cells compared with HeLa cells transfected by empty vector. Rate of autophagy and cell viability were assessed by acridine orange and MTT assays, respectively. Our findings showed that overexpression of TSGA10 would induce autophagy under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in the presence or absence of autophagy inducers. Expression levels of autophagy and apoptosis-related genes increased significantly in TSGA10-overexpressing cells compared with control cells. In addition, HeLa cells overexpressing TSGA-10 exhibited lower expression of BCL-2 and survival rates in comparison with control cells. Molecular docking results showed that interaction between TSGA10 and BCL-2 could inhibit anti-apoptotic activity of BCL-2. According to our findings, TSGA10 overexpression has a main role in regulating autophagy and apoptosis through inhibition of BCL-2. Therefore, TSGA10 could be considered as a new regulator of autophagy and apoptosis in future studies.
Pathogenicity of Streptococcus pyogenes and its correlation with hematological alterations in infected Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings
Authors: Nasr-Eldahan Sameh , Nabil-Adam Asmaa , Shreadah Mohamed Attia , Ali Tamer El-Sayed , Maher Adham 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study was realized to investigate the lethal dose fifty (LD50) of Streptococcus pyogenes on Nile tilapia and to determine the effect of every dose on hematological parameters as indicator of infection. In this study, a total number of 100 healthy Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings (15 ± 0.5 g) were infected with Streptococcus pyogenes. These fish were randomly divided into five groups, each with 20 fingerlings. Five concentrations of Streptococcus pyogenes (0, 106, 107, 108, and 109 CFU/ml) were used to realize the objective of this study. Group 1 was injected inter-perennial with 0.2 ml sterilized saline solution and it was considered as a control group. The other 4 groups were injected inter-perennial at a rate of 1ml per 10 g of inoculum. All experimental groups were examined for infection signs, mortality rate and hematological parameters. The results revealed that the LD50 of Streptococcus pyogenes was 1×107 CFU/ml with ten days of tilapia infection. Also, it affected significantly on the hematological parameters and this concentration showed moderate value of infection and mortality rate compared with 1×108 CFU/ml which showed high value led to 100% immediate death of the fish. On the other hand, the concentration 1×106 CFU/ml presented normal value with control which led to weak infection. The concentration 1×109 CFU/ml was violent and fish body can’t resist it
The pan-cancer landscape of crosstalk between chemokines and the tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Wuguo Tian , Lingli Wang , Jianjie Zhao , Donglin Luo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Chemokines are a subfamily of cytokines known for their ability to promote cell migration, particularly that of immune cells. Chemokines are necessary for immune system function and have attracted considerable attention on account of their roles in regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment.Methods: Chemokine genes were obtained from the TISIDB database, and we examined the correlation, gene alteration, differential expression, and prognostic value of these genes in 33 tumor types based on Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression data. The chemokine score of each sample was calculated using the “ssGSEA” function of the R package “GSVA.” We also evaluated the correlation between chemokine scores and a tumor immune microenvironment index and assessed the influence of chemokine scores on the response of cancer patients to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Results: We found that tumor samples with high chemokine scores were immune-activated, and further analysis using three immunotherapy cohorts revealed that patients with high chemokine scores were sensitive to anti-PD-1 therapy.Conclusions: Our results indicate that chemokines are closely associated with the tumor microenvironment, and consequently, patients with high chemokine scores may be suitable for treatment using immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Dynamic Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subsets as Predictive Biomarkers for Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Children
Authors: Feng Yuhua , Wang Leyuan , Yu Yan , Yang Liangchun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory myeloid neoplasm, immune system dysfunction may attribute to the cause of LCH. There is no standard prognosis evaluation system for LCH in children. We investigated the prognosis predictive value of peripheral lymphocyte subsets in childhood LCH patients.Methods: A cohort of 79 childhood LCH patients was retrospectively studied. The prognosis predictive significance of CD3+ T cells, CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, NK cells, B cells and CD4/CD8 ratio were analyzed.Results: After 6-week induction therapy, the percentage of CD3+ T cells, CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly increased, while CD3+CD8+ T cells and B cells were decreased. CD3+CD8+ T cells and B cells were closely related to BRAF V600E and MAP2K1 mutation. ∆CD3+ T cells, ∆CD3+CD4+ T cells, ∆CD3+CD8+ T cells, ∆NK cells and ∆B cells were related to treatment efficacy. As for organ involvements, ∆CD3+ T cells and ∆CD3+CD8+ T cells were related to liver involvement, ∆CD4/CD8 ratio was related to CNS involvement ∆CD3+ T cells and ∆B cells were related to BRAF V600E mutation, while ∆CD3+CD4+ T cells was related to MAP2K1 mutation. Furthermore, increased ∆CD3+ T cells, decreased ∆CD3+CD4+ T cells, decreased ∆CD3+CD8+ T cells, decreased ∆NK cells and increased ∆B cells were predictors for superior PFS, while increased ∆CD3+ T cells, decreased ∆CD3+CD8+ T cells and decreased ∆NK cells were predictors for superior OS. In addition, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that ∆CD3+ T cells and ∆CD3+CD8+ T cells were independent prognostic factors for PFS.Conclusions: The peripheral lymphocyte subsets including CD3+ T cells, CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, NK cells and B cells might be promising predictive indicators for LCH in children.