bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FORMATION OF A PROMISING COMPETITIVE STRATEGY FOR BUSINESS STRUCTURES
Authors: Андреев Олег Станиславович 
Published: August 2022

Актуальность представленной статьи обусловлена формированием новой структуры производства, освоением наиболее эффективных форм хозяйствования в сфере услуг, расширяющих спектр рисков, управление которыми требует системного подхода. Новизной исследования является функционирование конкурентной среды предпринимательских структур, которая характеризуется многоуровневостью, многообразием факторов формирования, интенсивностью связи всех участников, что вызывает потребность в выработке определенных условий, принципов взаимоотношений субъектов предпринимательства, в том числе государства и бизнеса, и мер по стабилизации условий развития предпринимательства и открытости самих предпринимательских структур.
The relevance of the presented article is due to the formation of a new structure of production, the development of the most effective forms of management in the service sector, expanding the range of risks, the management of which requires a systematic approach. The novelty of the study is the functioning of the competitive environment of business structures, which is characterized by multi-level, a variety of factors of formation, the intensity of communication of all participants, which causes the need to develop certain conditions, principles of relations between business entities, including the state and business, and measures to stabilize the conditions for the development of entrepreneurship and openness of business structures themselves.
ORGANIZATION OF OPTIMAL INNOVATION ACTIVITY UNDER RISK CONDITIONS
Authors: Иванова Наталия Александровна 
Published: August 2022

Актуальность предложенной статьи обусловлена проблемами развития инновационной деятельности в условиях риска, которые в условиях все большей неопределенности приобретают вопросы устойчивости организаций. Именно создание эффективных и конкурентоспособных производств и достижение устойчивого развития экономики путем диверсификации и повышения конкурентоспособности выделено в качестве одной из целей в реализации стратегии по форсированному инновационному развитию экономики России. Новизной исследования являются противоречия в разделении самого процесса управления рисками на отдельные функции. Ведущим подходом к исследованию данной проблемы явилось формирование эффективных инновационных решений в условиях рискового предпринимательства.
The relevance of the proposed article is due to the problems of the development of innovative activity in conditions of risk, which, under conditions of increasing uncertainty, acquire issues of sustainability of organizations. It is the creation of efficient and competitive industries and the achievement of sustainable economic development through diversification and competitiveness that have been singled out as one of the goals in implementing the strategy for the accelerated innovative development of the Russian economy. The novelty of the study is the contradictions in the division of the risk management process itself into separate functions. The leading approach to the study of this problem was the formation of effective innovative solutions in the conditions of risky business.
Metathesis is late and fake
Authors: Gilbert Madeline , Mooney Kate 
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we argue that metathesis, an underattested phonological operation, is best understood as gestural overlap. Based on two case studies (Sevillian Spanish and Uab Meto), we observe that metathesis is (i) implemented in a phonetically gradient way and (ii) invisible to other phonology. We use these observations to propose that phonology is bifurcated into two major strata: early phonology and late phonology. Early phonology uses atomic representations, whereas late phonology uses gestural representations. While early phonology feeds into late phonology, the output of late phonology is not accessible to early phonology. Under this division, metathesis is therefore strictly late phonology because it uses gestures as its core representational unit. As late phonology, metathesis is therefore expected to be invisible to (early) phonological operations in these languages.
Portuguese Has Two Underlying Rhotics: Evidence from Lisbon and Carioca Varieties
Authors: Zhou Chao , Jesus Alice 
Published: August 2022

Like many Romance languages, Portuguese has a weak-r (tap) and a strong-R (posterior fricative). At the surface level, these two rhotics are only contrastive between vowels, whereas they are neutralized in other positions. How the Portuguese rhotics are represented at the underlying level is still a matter of debate. Competing analyses differ with respect to whether the Portuguese word-initial strong-R is derived by a position-sensitive rule (one-rhotic analysis) or stems from its underlying form faithfully (two-rhotic account). In the current study, we designed a transformational language game to probe the underlying nature of this initial rhotic. The participants were asked to name objects represented in pictures and to add a stressed prefix [ˈpa] whenever an object was presented in black-and-white. 8 native speakers from Lisbon and 8 from Rio de Janeiro participated in the game. In general ,participants consistently produced a posterior fricative after prefixation. These data show that the Portuguese word-initial strong-R is not a result of rule application, suggesting that Portuguese has two underlying rhotics.
What can children’s spelling tell us about underlying representations?
Authors: Pons-Moll Clàudia , Fuertes Gisela 
Published: August 2022

This paper examines the written productions of first and second grade Catalan children in an attempt to tap into their understanding of the underlying forms of Catalan unstressed vowels for which alternations are not present (and for which multiple inputs are thus possible). The paper also explores the differences in spelling between alternating and non-alternating [ə] and [u], in order to find out whether morphophonemic alternations are taken into consideration in children’s spellings choices, as well at which stage these start to be considered.The results for first graders show generalized misspellings in which schwa and [u] are systematically associated with the graphemes a and u, regardless these vowels alternate with vowels in stressed position or do not. This behavior clearly supports the Lexicon Optimization Hypothesis, according to which there is a first stage in language acquisition in which, from all possible input candidates (Richness of the Base), the learner selects the one that matches the adult output representation as the optimal input (Smolensky 1996).The results for second graders show a noticeable decline in misspellings for alternating schwa and [u]. This leads to think that morphophonemic alternations are progressively incorporated and taken into account in the process of UR construction. Of course, this better performance in the spelling of alternating vowels might also be a consequence of a better familiarity with conventional spelling. Importantly, though, the decline in misspellings for alternating schwa and [u] coincides with an increase in spelling mistakes for non-alternating vowels. In our view, this undescores the influence of conventional orthography in children’s spelling choices, points to the influence of phonology, and more specifically to a stage of vacillation with respect to the UR of non-alternating forms, with apparent overgeneralizations. This behavior, thus, may support the free-ride approach to morphophonemic learning (McCarthy 2005).The results for both first graders and second graders show differences in the spelling between back vowels (with fewer mistakes) and non-back vowels (with more mistakes), and we argued this might be related to the fact that the children have to deal with a more reduced typology of output-input alternations for back vowels (two-to-one) than for non-back vowels (three-to-one). This is evidence, again, for the role of morphophonemic alternations (i.e. morphology) in children’s spelling choices. The results for both graders also reveal that more productive alternations, such as the ones found between a base and the diminutive, are more transparent to the kids than others: whereas diminutives were generally spelled correctly, non-diminutives were not, giving support again to the influence of morphophonemic alternations, and their transparency, in children’s spelling choices.
Phrasal Prominence Location is Influenced by IP Boundary Location in the Absence of Stress Clash
Authors: Azzabou - Kacem Soundess , Turk Alice 
Published: August 2022

Several factors can influence early prominence in double-stressed words (e.g., Maltese), namely the presence of foot-level stress clash with a following word, and their adjacency to domain-initial boundaries. We test whether initial accent can occur in such words even when the words are spoken in isolation. Fourteen targets and 26 tri-syllabic filler-items were produced in isolation and in a frame sentence, e.g., [Say Maltese again], by 12 English speakers. In isolation, ‘Early’ prominence on, e.g., Mal- is more likely because the target is utterance- and phrase-initial. In the Embedded condition, phrasal prominence should be less likely on the initial syllable because there is a weaker boundary preceding the target. Three linguists coded prominence location. Early prominence rates, and Early scores (sum of ‘Early’ judgements/token) were calculated. While 96% of the Embedded tokens were perceived with ‘Late’ prominence, this pattern appeared in only 48% of the Isolated targets. The Early scoreswere also significantly higher in the Isolated condition. Overall, results suggest that doubly-stressed words show stress shifting to demarcate the left IP-edge. Because this study uses contexts free of stress clash with a following word, its results provide evidence that other factors, namely domain-onset-marking, can influence prominence location.
Role of prognostic factors in understanding disease severity in COVID-19 patients: Pakistan ordinance factories Hospital experience
Authors: Rifat Yasmin  , Huma Hussain  , Syeda Turab Fatima Abidi  , Syed Asim Ali Shah  , Lubna Ghazal  , Tazaeen Hina Kazmi  
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging public health challenge. Study was conducted to determine the association of prognostic factors with disease severity in COVID-19 patients at POF Hospital, Wah Cantt. We conductedadescriptivecross-sectional study at a department of Medicine, POF Hospital, Wah Medical College (affiliated with National University of Medical Sciences) Wah Cantt.
METHODOLOGY: We calculateda sample size of 158 patients (WHO Calculator). The study duration was 6 months (November 2020-April 2021).The selection of COVID patients was done through non probability sampling (consecutive). Respiratory sample for all participating patients were collected (from throat or sputum). These samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using WHO standard. SPSS version 24 was utilized for data analysis purpose. Chi square test and independent t-test were applied. Logistic regression was applied.
RESULTS:Total data consist of 158 patients with COVID-19. Mean age of patients was52.3±3.26 years. Total leukocytes count (p=0.02), absolute neutrophil count (p=0.000), C reactive protein (p=0.000), NLR (p=0.03) were comparatively greater in patients with Severe COVID-19. While absolute lymphocyte were significantly lower in severe COVID-19 patients as compared to non-severe (p=0.03). Age[OR, 1.06 ;95% CI (1.027-1.114);p=0.01], diabetes mellitus[OR, 0.281 ;95% CI (0.100-0.788) p=0.016 and Hypertension [OR, 3.045 ;(1.044-8.878)95% CI p=0.04] are significant predictors of COVID-19 severity
CONCLUSION:Prognostic factors of COVID-19 increased the likelihood of disease progression. C reactive protein andALC were significant predictors of COVID-19.
Outcomes of diaphyseal femoral fractures treatment in relation to fracture union and full weight bearing among adults
Authors: Muhammad Atif  , Abdul basit  , Muhammad Zaman Khan  , Muhammad Ali Usman  , Syed Shaharyar Shah  , Amlouk Ijaz  
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The femoral shaft fractures constitute 50% of all femoral fractures. The objective is to observe the outcome of diaphyseal femur fracture treatment of femur shaft with the union and full weight bearing by bridge plate osteosynthesis among adults.
METHODOLOGY: A Prospective observational study was conducted in the department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Postgraduate Medical Institute/Lahore General Hospital. A sample of 30 patients was calculated using WHO calculator. Convenient sampling was used for patient selection. After reducing the fracture (indirectly), the other end of the plate was also fixed with screws. Data was collected at 6th months post-operatively to see radiological union and weight-bearing status. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Fisher exact test was applied. p-value≤0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 34.66±9.22 years. Gender distribution of patients shows that 17% of the patients were females, and 83% of the patients were male. At the 6th month follow-up, all 30 (100%) patients had achieved bony union. At the 5th month, 14(46.7%) of the operated cases were allowed to bear 36-45 Kg weight (p=0.024), and in the 6th month, there were 20(66.7%) operated cases were allowed to bear full weight after the radiological union (p=0.013).
CONCLUSION: Bridge plating technique is a safe, easy, and effective method of fixation for comminuted diaphyseal fractures of long bones in terms of bony union and weight bearing. It has a high rate of union with fewer complications.
Komparasi Metode Magnetometer Dan Transverse Gradiometer Untuk Pengukuran Kemagnetan Target Di Perairan Pantai Ancol Teluk Jakarta
Authors: Hakim Maghfuri Sufi , Setiyadi Johar , Mulyadi Dikdik S. 
Published: August 2022

Teknik pengukuran umum digunakan untuk menunjukan kekuatan anomali target pada objek di bawah laut biasa dikenal dengan Magnetometer dan Metode baru Transverse Gradiometer biasa digunakan untuk melaksanakan survei investivigasi bawah air dalam hal ini adalah pencarian objek atau target yang berada dibawah air yang mempunyai unsur logam dan kemagnetan, sehingga dengan menggunakan dua metode ini survei investivigasi pencarian objek bawah air akan lebih mudah efisien.Kedua metode tentunya diperlukan alat pendukung untuk melaksanakan kegiatan survei investivigasi, alat tersebut dikenal magneto. Alat magnetometer ini berfungsi untuk mendeteksi suatu kemagnetan dan anomali objek di bawah air. Transverse Gradiometer ini adalah metode untuk menggabungkan dua alat magnetometer menjadi satu dan saling di intergrasikan kedua alat magnetometer tersebut. Tujuan dari metode Tranverse Gradiometer adalah memperkuat, memperjelas dan mengevaluasi data suatu kemagnetan target di dasar air.Hasil pengolahan dari kedua data berupa citra kemudian di overly ke PLI No 86B untuk memvalidasi citra, menghasilkan data cita dari Transverse Gradiometer lebih jelas dalam menggambarkan keadaan bawah air pada area tersebut.
Radio Evolution of a Type IIb Supernova SN 2016gkg
Authors: A. J. Nayana , Chandra Poonam , Krishna Anoop , Anupama G. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present extensive radio monitoring of a Type IIb supernova (SN IIb), SN 2016gkg during t ∼ 8−1429 days postexplosion at frequencies ν ∼ 0.33−25 GHz. The detailed radio light curves and spectra are broadly consistent with self-absorbed synchrotron emission due to the interaction of the SN shock with the circumstellar medium. The model underpredicts the flux densities at t ∼ 299 days postexplosion by a factor of 2, possibly indicating a density enhancement in the circumstellar medium due to a nonuniform mass loss from the progenitor. Assuming a wind velocity v
w ∼ 200 km s−1, we estimate the mass-loss rate to be

M

̇

∼

(2.2, 3.6, 3.8, 12.6, 3.7, and 5.0) ×10−6
M
⊙ yr−1 during ∼8, 15, 25, 48, 87, and 115 yr, respectively, before the explosion. The shock wave from SN 2016gkg is expanding from R ∼ 0.5 × 1016 to 7 × 1016 cm during t ∼ 24−492 days postexplosion indicating a shock deceleration index, m ∼ 0.8 (R ∝ t

m
), and mean shock velocity v ∼ 0.1c. The radio data are inconsistent with a free–free absorption model and higher shock velocities are in support of a relatively compact progenitor for SN 2016gkg.
Statistical Properties of Radio Halos in Galaxy Clusters and the Origin of Seed Electrons for Reacceleration
Authors: Nishiwaki Kosuke , Asano Katsuaki 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
One of the most promising mechanisms for producing radio halos (RHs) in galaxy clusters is the reacceleration of cosmic-ray electrons by turbulence. However, the origin of the seed electrons for reacceleration is still poorly constrained. In the secondary scenario, most of the seed electrons are injected via collision of proton cosmic-rays, while nonthermal electrons are directly injected in the primary scenario. In this paper, we examine the two scenarios for seed electrons with the observed statistical properties of RHs by combining two methods: by following the temporal evolutions of the electron energy and the radial distributions in a cluster, as well as the merger history of clusters. We find that the RH lifetime largely depends on the seed origin, as it could be longer than the cosmological timescale in the secondary scenario. We study the condition for the onset of RHs with the observed RH fraction and the RH lifetime we obtained and find that long-lived RHs in the secondary scenario should originate from major mergers with a mass ratio of ξ ∼ 0.1, while the short lifetime in the primary scenario requires more frequent onsets from minor mergers with ξ ∼ 0.01. Our simple model of the turbulence acceleration can reproduce the observed radio luminosity–mass relation. The RH luminosity functions we obtained suggest that the expected RH number count with the ASKAP survey will detect ≈103 RHs in both scenarios.
Simultaneous Determination of Eleven Bioactive Constituents in Honey-Processed Licorice by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector and Its Application from the Perspective of Processing Influence under Orthogonal Design
Authors: Chen Li-Hong , Sun Yuan , Cai Hao , Guo Shuang , Wang Xia-Chang , Li Wei-Dong , Mao Chun-Qin , Liu Xun-Hong , Yan Lin-Yong , Jiang Heng-Li , Lu Tu-Lin 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was to develop a reliable approach to simultaneously quantify 11 markers and explore the quality variation in honey-processed licorice.

Materials and Methods:
A high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 11 markers (nine flavonoids and two triterpenoid saponins) in honey-processed licorice. The changes to the 11 markers in honey-processed licorice were investigated using an orthogonal design with three input factors.

Results:
The established method was precise, accurate, and sensitive enough for the simultaneous quantitative evaluation of 11 markers in honey-processed licorice. Intuitive analysis and variance analysis revealed that (1) the soaking time of crude licorice, stir-frying temperature, and stir-frying time remarkably influenced the content of liquiritin apioside, signifying the decomposition of liquiritin apioside to liquiritin or transformation of liquiritin apioside to isoliquiritin apioside, (2) stir-frying temperature significantly influenced licorice-saponin G2, (3) stir-frying temperature was the most important factor of the three input factors, (4) in terms of composition, honey fried licorice had significant effects on two components, namely liquiritin apioside and licorice-saponin G2.

Conclusions:
Honey processing influenced the content of the 11 licorice analytes differently. This paper highlights the first report on how the quality of honey-processed licorice varies under different processing conditions and suggests the optimal levels of the investigated three factors as A2B2C3 according to the degrees of influence of these factors on the 11 components. Specifically, the soaking time of crude licorice with honey solution, stir-frying temperature, and stir-frying time were 40 min, 100°C, and 20 min, respectively.
Pre-anaesthetic sonographic assessment of gastric antrum in parturient scheduled for elective caesarean section – A prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Dhanger Sangeeta , Vaidhyanathan Bhavani , Joseph Raajesh Idhuyya J. 
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims:
Point-of-care ultrasonography (USG) of the gastric antrum can help to evaluate the aspiration risk and improve the safety of anaesthesia. The aim was to assess the gastric antrum in term parturients scheduled for elective caesarean section using bedside USG.

Methods:
After obtaining institutional ethics committee approval and written informed consent, 250 term parturients (≥36 weeks gestational age) with body mass index 18.5–30 kg/m2, and scheduled for elective caesarean delivery were included in this study. The parturients were instructed to follow standard fasting guidelines. In the preoperative area, ultrasonographic examinations were performed 15 min before the scheduled time of the caesarean section. The primary outcome was the qualitative assessment (grade 0–2) of the gastric antrum, and the secondary outcome was the quantitative assessment (antral cross-sectional area [CSA]) of gastric antrum in supine and right lateral decubitus (RLD) position. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software (version 19).

Results:
Among the 234 parturients who completed the study, 191 exhibited grade 0 antrum, 42 had grade 1 antrum, and one parturient had grade 2 antrum. Overall, 83% of participants had an antral CSA ≤4.25 cm2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.52–5.67 cm2] in the RLD position, equivalent to an estimated gastric volume of ≤43 ml (95% CI, 32–68 mL) or ≤1.5 ml/kg (95% CI, 0.49–1.23 ml/kg).

Conclusion:
Majority of fasted term parturients scheduled for elective caesarean section had a grade 1 gastric antrum on bedside USG. This study also establishes cutoff values of antral CSA and gastric volume in both supine and RLD position for fasted term parturients.