bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Milestones in Tremor Research: 10 Years Later
Authors: Erro Roberto , Fasano Alfonso , Barone Paolo , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMajor progress has occurred during the last decade in the field of tremor. From the clinical standpoint, a new classification has completely revised the nosology of tremor syndromes and has re‐conceptualized essential tremor as a syndrome rather than a single disease entity, fueling an ongoing enlightened debate. Significant advances have been obtained in terms of instrumental measurement of tremor, remarking on the possibility of developing novel treatment strategies based on tremor characteristics, namely tremor‐phase. Moreover, a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms has further led to the suggestion of refining the classification of tremor syndromes according to their driving underpinnings. Finally, surgical options such as deep brain stimulation and focused ultrasound thalamotomy are now part of the therapeutic portfolio for tremor, but several oral drugs, including long‐chain alcohols, T‐channel blockers, allosteric modulators of potassium channels, and of GABA‐A receptors, are currently being tested and hold promise. This review will discuss the key milestones in tremor research of the last 10 years, with a focus on the most common tremor syndromes, namely essential tremor, dystonic tremor, and Parkinsonian tremor.
Adaptive stochastic gradient descent for optimal control of parabolic equations with random parameters
Authors: Cao Yanzhao , Das Somak , van Wyk Hans‐Werner 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper we extend the adaptive gradient descent (AdaGrad) algorithm to the optimal distributed control of parabolic partial differential equations with uncertain parameters. This stochastic optimization method achieves an improved convergence rate through adaptive scaling of the gradient step size. We prove the convergence of the algorithm for this infinite dimensional problem under suitable regularity, convexity, and finite variance conditions, and relate these to verifiable properties of the underlying system parameters. Finally, we apply our algorithm to the optimal thermal regulation of lithium battery systems under uncertain loads.
Carboxylate‐Induced RTP Based on Gelatin for Anticounterfeiting
Authors: Li Ji , Wang Yuyu , Zhang Yuan , Zheng Daoyuan , Wang Xuechuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRoom‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from polymer carbon dots (PCDs) has attracted great attention for its potential applications in manufacturing anticounterfeit objects and digital encryption. However, most RTP raw materials with good performance are generally toxic, corrosive, and polluting, which will cause safety hazards during use and subsequent processing. Herein, facile, environmental‐friendly polymer carbon dots are prepared by hydrothermal treatment of gelatin and carboxylate (C‐PCDs) for the first time. The RTP of C‐PCDs is yellow emission and the lifetime up to 422 ms, which is three times that of PCDs produced only by gelatin. Then according to transmission electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography characterizations, and comparison of optical properties, it is found that the newly CONH formed by introduced carboxylate and free amino produced in the hydrolysis has an inhibitory effect on the hydrolysis of amide bonds contained in gelatin and deamination to a certain extent, which will be thought about more n‐π* transition from CO enhancing the conversion for triplet excitons. Moreover, the C‐PCDs with properties of fluorescence and phosphorescence are confirmed in the potential application of double anticounterfeiting under the excitation of ultraviolet lamps.
Half‐Projected Hartree–Fock method: History and application to excited states of the same symmetry as the ground state
Authors: Ruiz María Belén 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSpin projected wave functions are generalizations of the Hartree–Fock wave function. Among them, the Half‐Projected Hartree–Fock (HPHF) wave function is a nearly pure wave function of spin and recovers a small part of the spin correlation energy. This paper reviews the history of the HPHF theory, not only from the conceptual point of view but also providing a compilation of the publications of this method over the years until now. In addition, the extension of the HPHF method to the calculation of excited states with the same symmetry as the ground state will be discussed. The possible variational collapse during the calculation of a singlet excited state of the same symmetry as the ground state is avoided by orthogonalizing a pair of corresponding orbitals, one occupied and one virtual orbital, at every step of the variational process. As an example, the potential energy surfaces of the S0 ground and 1S1(n, π*) first excited state of the formic acid HCOOH are calculated.
Data‐driven iterative learning control using a uniform quantizer with an encoding–decoding mechanism
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Chi Ronghu , Hou Zhongsheng , Huang Biao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis work explores the problem of uniform quantization of iterative learning control (ILC) for nonlinear nonaffine systems under a data‐driven design and analysis framework. First, to deal with the strong nonlinearity and nonaffine structure of the systems, an iterative linear data model (iLDM) utilizing more additional parameter information is developed consequently bypassing modeling process. The iLDM only serves for the controller design and analysis without any mechanistic interpretation. Then, an encoding–decoding mechanism (E‐DM) is employed to deal with the bounded tracking performance caused by the uniform quantizer. Using the iLDM, an E‐DM based quantized data‐driven ILC (E‐D QDDILC) method is developed with a quantized learning control law and a quantized parameter estimation law, both of which only utilize the quantized output estimations obtained from the E‐DM. The quantized parameter estimation law enhances the robustness of the proposed E‐D QDDILC as an adaptive mechanism to tune the learning gain in real‐time. A mathematical induction approach and the contraction mapping principle are introduced for the convergence analysis as the basic tools. When the scaling function is bounded, one shows the tracking error is bounded convergent. When the scaling function approaches zero iteratively, a zero convergence can be guaranteed in the iteration domain. The main results are verified through simulation examples.
Semi‐automated hydraulic model wrapper to support stakeholder evaluation: A floodplain reconnection study using 2D hydrologic engineering center's river analysis system
Authors: Worley Lindsay C. , Underwood Kristen L. , Vartanian Nicholas L. V. , Dewoolkar Mandar M. , Matt Jeremy E. , Rizzo Donna M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFloodplain reconnection projects are largely nature‐based solutions that have great potential to restore channel stability, attenuate stormwater, improve flood resilience, and improve water quality. The suite of possible restoration options for a given study area must consider the multiple uses and functions of river corridors, along with the potential impacts and benefits to adjacent infrastructure. Therefore, decision‐support frameworks designed to help stakeholders compare floodplain reconnection scenarios to best meet site‐specific design objectives are needed. A River Scenario Evaluation Tool (RiverSET) was designed in Python as a wrapper around a two‐dimensional hydraulic model (2D Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System, 2D HEC‐RAS) to guide an alternative analysis of various floodplain reconnection techniques. RiverSET runs each reconnection scenario in sequence and extracts the values needed to evaluate scenarios at user‐defined regions of interest. The results of these evaluation parameters (depth, duration, stream power, percent time inundated, and velocity) are compiled and displayed for review and synthesis. RiverSET's utility is demonstrated here through a case study on the Black Creek in Vermont, United States, involving five floodplain reconnection scenarios and a variety of stakeholders.
Supramolecular Polysulfide Polymers with Metal‐Ligand Interactions
Authors: Yamagishi Yuki , Kobayashi Yuichiro , Horiguchi Akiyoshi , Kitano Daiki , Yamaguchi Hiroyasu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report the first preparation of a supramolecular polysulfide polymer using metal‐ligand interactions. The supramolecular polysulfide polymer was prepared by introducing 2,2’‐bipyridine (bpy) at both ends of linear sulfur and linking the bpy with Cu2+. The molecular weight of the supramolecular polysulfide polymer was higher than polysulfide polymer obtained via conventional polymerization. Disassembly and re‐assembly of the supramolecular polysulfide polymers were controlled by de‐metalation of Cu2+ from the complex between bpy and Cu2+ and re‐formation of the complex with the addition of chelating agents and Cu2+, respectively.
Evaluation of Naphthalenylmethylen Hydrazine Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors on, Antiatherogenic Enzymes, Paraoxonase I and Acetylcholinesterase Activities
Authors: Shirinzadeh Hanif , Dilek Esra , Alım Zuhal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) are two important serum ester hydrolases that have antiatherosclerotic effect by inhibiting the oxidation of lipid peroxides. In addition, AChE inhibitors are target molecules for the treatment of Alzheimer's. Naphthalene derivatives are important molecules in the field of pharmacology due to their wide range of biological activities. In this study, the inhibition effects of naphthalenylmethylen hydrazine derivatives on these two metabolic enzymes were investigated. IC50 values of these molecules were determined in the range of 0.158 μM to 6.862 μM against PON1, 0.0214 μM to 0.675 μM against AChE. As a result, naphthalenylmethylen hydrazine derivatives had strong inhibition effect on both enzymes. In this context, we hope that the results obtained in this study contribute to the determination of the side effects of current and new naphthalene‐based pharmacological compounds to be developed. And also be effective in the synthesis studies of new AChE inhibitors.
Millennials: Maligned or miscreants?
Authors: Hotchkiss Julie L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the degree to which labor supply behavior differs among Millennials, relative to earlier generations, especially to that of Baby‐boomers. I find that wage and income elasticities are lower among Millennials, which can partly be attributed to trends beginning before their time. Responses to cyclical factors appear unchanged across generations. The overall lower observed labor supply among Millennials is nuanced with their behavior putting downward pressure on both hours and participation, whereas their characteristics are propping up labor supply. These differences could have important implications for economic growth and policy considerations.
The aerodynamics of a blade pitch, rotor speed, and surge step for a wind turbine regarding dynamic inflow
Authors: Corniglion Rémi , Harris Jeffrey C. , Peyrard Christophe 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFloater motions introduce unsteadiness in the aerodynamics of floating offshore wind turbines. The aerodynamics of a wind turbine after three perturbations are studied: a blade pitch step, a rotor speed step for which dynamic inflow is expected, and a surge velocity step. The free vortex wake method and an analytical helical vortex model based on the Joukowsky rotor model are used to study the dynamic behavior of the induced velocity at the blades. As expected, the dynamic inflow effect is clear for the blade pitch and rotor speed changes, but for a surge velocity step, the models show that very little dynamic inflow effect takes place because the velocity induced by the vortex helix is not significantly modified: the tip vortex helix circulation change is partially compensated by the geometry change of the helix. For the rate of change, the velocities induced on the rotor by the vortex helix for the pitch and rotor speed changes show a rapid adjustment at the blade tip, with a slower change throughout the rest of the blade and at the center of the rotor. The convection velocity of the tip vortices is shown to be the main variable of the temporal evolution of the dynamic inflow effect.
Developmental roles and molecular mechanisms of Asterix/GTSF1
Authors: Ipsaro Jonathan J. , Joshua‐Tor Leemor 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMaintenance of germline genomic integrity is critical for the survival of animal species. Consequently, many cellular and molecular processes have evolved to ensure genetic stability during the production of gametes. Here, we describe the discovery, characterization, and emerging molecular mechanisms of the protein Asterix/Gametocyte‐specific factor 1 (GTSF1), an essential gametogenesis factor that is conserved from insects to humans. Beyond its broad importance for healthy germline development, Asterix/GTSF1 has more specific functions in the Piwi‐interacting RNA (piRNA)–RNA interference pathway. There, it contributes to the repression of otherwise deleterious transposons, helping to ensure faithful transmission of genetic information to the next generation.This article is categorized under:
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
Comparative sequencing and SNP marker validation for oat stem rust resistance gene Pg6 in a diverse collection of Avena accessions
Authors: Gordon Tyler C. , Jin Yue , Tinker Nicholas A. , Bekele Wubishet A. , Gale Samuel , Bockelman Harold , Bonman J. Michael 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Key message
Comparative sequence analysis was used to design a SNP marker that aided in the identification of new sources of oat stem rust resistance.

Abstract
New races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae (Pga) threaten global oat production. An A. strigosa accession known to carry the broadly effective oat stem rust resistance gene, Pg6, was crossed with two susceptible A. strigosa accessions to generate 198 F2:3 families and 190 F5:6 RILs. The RIL population was used to determine that Pg6 was a single dominant gene located between 475 and 491 Mbp on diploid chromosome AA2 of the A. atlantica genome. This region was further refined by identifying SNPs associated with Pg6 resistance in a panel of previously sequenced A-genome accessions. Twenty-four markers were developed from SNPs that showed perfect association between the Pg6 phenotype and 11 sequenced Avena diploid accessions. These markers were validated in the RILs and F2:3 families, and the markers most closely linked with resistance were tested in a diverse panel of 253 accessions consisting of oat stem rust differentials, all available diploid Avena spp. accessions, and 41 A. vaviloviana accessions from the National Small Grains Collection. One SNP marker located at 483, 439, 497 bp on AA2, designated as AA2_483439497, was perfectly associated with the Pg6 phenotype in Avena strigosa diploids and was within several Kb of a resistance gene analog, RPP13. The marker results and seedling testing against Pga races DBD, KBD, TJS, and TQL enabled the postulation of Pg6 and potential new sources of resistance in the Avena panel. These results will be used to infer Pg6 presence in other germplasm collections and breeding programs and can assist with introgression, gene pyramiding, and cloning of Pg6.
Hybrid wheat: quantitative genetic parameters and heterosis for quality and rheological traits as well as baking volume
Authors: Schwarzwälder Lea , Thorwarth Patrick , Zhao Yusheng , Reif Jochen Christoph , Longin C. Friedrich H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Key message
Heterosis effects for dough quality and baking volume were close to zero. However, hybrids have a higher grain yield at a given level of bread making quality compared to their parental lines.

Abstract
Bread wheat cultivars have been selected according to numerous quality traits to fulfill the requirements of the bread making industry. These include beside protein content and quality also rheological traits and baking volume. We evaluated 35 male and 73 female lines and 119 of their single-cross hybrids at three different locations for grain yield, protein content, sedimentation value, extensograph traits and baking volume. No significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the mean comparisons of males, females and hybrids, except for higher grain yield and lower protein content in the hybrids. Mid-parent and better-parent heterosis values were close to zero and slightly negative, respectively, for baking volume and extensograph traits. However, the majority of heterosis values resulted in the finding that hybrids had higher grain yield than lines for a given level of baking volume, sedimentation value or energy value of extensograph. Due to the high correlation with the mid-parent values (r > 0.70), an initial prediction of hybrid performance based on line per se performance for protein content, sedimentation value, most traits of the extensograph and baking volume is possible. The low variance due to specific combining ability effects for most quality traits points toward an additive gene action requires quality selection within both heterotic groups. Consequently, hybrid wheat can combine high grain yield with high bread making quality. However, the future use of wheat hybrids strongly depends on the establishment of a cost-efficient and reliable seed production system.
Combined femoral and popliteal nerve block is superior to local periarticular infiltration anaesthesia for postoperative pain control after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Schittek Gregor A. , Reinbacher Patrick , Rief Martin , Gebauer David , Leithner Andreas , Vielgut Ines , Labmayr Viktor , Simonis Holger , Köstenberger Markus , Bornemann-Cimenti Helmar , Sandner-Kiesling Andreas , Sadoghi Patrick 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction
After primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), local periarticular infiltration anaesthesia (LIA) is a fast and safe method for postoperative pain control. Moreover, ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia (USRA) with femoral and popliteal block is a standard procedure in perioperative care. Two analgesic regimens for TKA—LIA versus URSA with dexmedetomidine—were compared as an additive to ropivacaine. We hypothesised that the use of URSA provides a superior opioid sparing effect for TKA compared with LIA.

Methods
Fifty patients (planned 188 participants; safety analysis was performed after examining the first 50 participants) were randomised. These patients received LIA into the knee capsule during surgery with 60 ml of ropivacaine 0.5% and 1 ml of dexmedetomidine (100 µg ml−1) or two single-shot URSA blocks (femoral and popliteal block) before surgery with 15 ml of ropivacaine 0.5% and 0.5 ml of dexmedetomidine for each block. Postoperative opioid consumption in the first 48 h, pain assessment and complications were analysed.

Results
In the safety analysis, there was a significantly higher need for opioids in the LIA group, with a median oral morphine equivalent of 42.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 23.5–57.0] mg versus 27.0 [IQR 0.0–33.5] mg (P = 0.022). Due to this finding, the study was terminated for ethical considerations according to the protocol.

Conclusion
This is the first study presenting data on LIA application in combination with dexmedetomidine. A superior opioid-sparing effect of URSA was observed when compared with LIA in TKA when dexmedetomidine is added to local anaesthetics. Also, a longer lasting opioid-sparing effect in the LIA group was observed when compared with the recently published literature; this difference could be attributed to the addition of dexmedetomidine. Therefore, multimodal analgesia regimens could be further improved when LIA or USRA techniques are combined with dexmedetomidine.
On perturbations of two general equations in several variables
Authors: Ciepliński Krzysztof 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we deal with perturbations of two general functional equations in several variables. Namely, we prove the generalized, in the spirit of Bourgin, Ulam stability of these equations in Banach spaces. In order to do this, we use the fixed point method. Moreover, as corollaries from our main results, we get several outcomes on approximate solutions of a few important classic equations. They include, among others, the functional equations which characterize multi-additive and multi-quadratic mappings. In consequence, the perturbation of homomorphisms of Banach spaces and quadratic mappings is also treated.
CT-based radiomics for differentiating intracranial contrast extravasation from intraparenchymal haemorrhage after mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Chen Xiaojun , Li Yuanzhe , Zhou Yongjin , Yang Yan , Yang Jiansheng , Pang Peipei , Wang Yi , Cheng Jianmin , Chen Haibo , Guo Yifan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract ObjectiveTo develop a nonenhanced CT-based radiomic signature for the differentiation of iodinated contrast extravasation from intraparenchymal haemorrhage (IPH) following mechanical thrombectomy.MethodsPatients diagnosed with acute ischaemic stroke who underwent mechanical thrombectomy in 4 institutions from December 2017 to June 2020 were included in this retrospective study. The study population was divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort. The nonenhanced CT images taken after mechanical thrombectomy were used to extract radiomic features. The maximum relevance minimum redundancy (mRMR) algorithm was used to eliminate confounding variables. Afterwards, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression was used to generate the radiomic signature. The diagnostic performance of the radiomic signature was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).ResultsA total of 166 intraparenchymal areas of hyperattenuation from 101 patients were used. The areas of hyperattenuation were randomly allocated to the training and validation cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. The AUC of the radiomic signature was 0.848 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.780–0.917) in the training cohort and 0.826 (95% CI 0.705–0.948) in the validation cohort. The accuracy of the radiomic signature was 77.6%, with a sensitivity of 76.7%, a specificity of 78.9%, a PPV of 85.2%, and a NPV of 68.2% in the validation cohort.ConclusionsThe radiomic signature constructed based on initial post-operative nonenhanced CT after mechanical thrombectomy can effectively differentiate IPH from iodinated contrast extravasation.Key Points•Radiomic features were extracted from intraparenchymal areas of hyperattenuation on initial post-operative CT scans after mechanical thrombectomy.•The nonenhanced CT-based radiomic signature can differentiate IPH from iodinated contrast extravasation early.•The radiomic signature may help prevent unnecessary rescanning after mechanical thrombectomy, especially in cases where contrast extravasation is highly suggestive.