bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How can a historically intensively used agricultural landscape preserve diversity of Orthoptera assemblages: a case study in the Carpathian Lowland (East Hungary)
Authors: Jakab Dóra Arnóczkyné , Nagy Antal 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Protecting biodiversity of agricultural lowlands is one of the main topics of European nature conservation. Understanding the functioning of agricultural habitats is necessary since they cover a significant part of the landscape, but studies rather focus on the remaining semi-natural sites. Orthoptera assemblages, which are sensitive indicators of habitat structure and conservation value, were studied in a traditional intensively used agricultural area (it has been cultivated for several decades or even 250 years) to assess how these habitats can preserve insect diversity. In the mainly unknown area 29 Orthoptera species, including protected Gampsocleis glabra Her., Acrida ungarica Her. and Celes variabilis Pal. were recorded. We identified four assemblages and their character species reflecting intensity of habitat use. Assemblages of agricultural sites differed from the assemblages of semi-natural habitats. Revealing their quantitative composition, ratios of lifeforms, character species, and use of Grasshopper Conservation Indexes (GCI) helped to identify agricultural sites that can effectively preserve natural insect diversity.
Retinex-Based Light Source Generation for Relighting up Night Photography
Authors: Oishi Sou , Fukushima Norishige 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The lighting up of buildings is one of the entertainments that make a city more colorful, and photographer sometimes changes the lighting by using photo-editing applications. This paper proposes a method for automatically performing such an application that follows the Retinex theory. The Retinex theory indicates that the complex scenes caught by the human visual system are decomposed into illumination and reflectance components. Many Retinex applications take much cost into the decomposition, while we show that the decomposition accuracy is less dependent on the final output for the nightscape relighting. Methods: First, we propose an extracting method of a relighting saliency map using Retinex with edge-preserving filtering. Second, we propose a sampling method to specify the lighting area in the limited area. We show that relighting within the limited area can be represented without illumination and reflectance decomposition. We then show that this fact can be exploited to realize this application using a simple Retinex decomposition of the single-scale Retinex with fast edge-preserving filters to represent various lighting effects. Results: Experimental results show that the proposed sampling method is successful in keeping the illuminated points in bright locations and equally spaced. Also, the proposed various diffusion method can enhance night skyline photographs with various expressions. Conclusion: In this paper, we proposed a relighting method for night skyline images based on the Retinex theory. Unlike typical Retinex applications, the proposed method simplifies the process by carefully extracting the lighting points instead of performing a complex illumination and reflectance decomposition and allows various effects using various diffusion methods.
Evaluation of a sand filter material for road runoff treatment– pilot-scale field trial focused on copper and zinc removal
Authors: Hallberg Magnus , Renman Agnieszka , Berndtsson Liselott , Renman Gunno 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of stormwater discharges on receiving aquatic environments and the need for their purification were highlighted by an EU court in May 2020. The ruling stated the need for removal of dissolved pollutants, which justifies field studies for development of far-reaching methods for runoff treatment. In this study, a standard sand was used as medium for road runoff filtration and removal of dissolved and particle-bound (&lt;0.45 μm) zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). Data included 24 road runoff events, mimicking the flow variations and pollutant emissions over a seven-month period. The findings showed that sand can be used to remove Zn and Cu from road runoff in a gravity fed treatment system at a surface load ranging from 16.8 to 201 L m−2 h−1. The removal of total Zn and Cu was 93 and 67%, respectively. Dissolved Zn was efficiently removed by the sand (87%), however not Cu (19%). The sand efficiently removed total suspended solids (TSS) from the maximum occurring 443 mg L−1 to below 5 mg L−1. No head loss due to the TSS loadings was observed. The sand's potential to remove the investigated metals was shown, but in the longer term, effluent concentrations may exceed permitted values.
An overall optimization and solution framework for urban historical and future DRIF under climate change
Authors: Ding XingChen , Liao WeiHong , Wang Hao , Wang Hao , Lei XiaoHui , Yang JiaLi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The estimation and application of Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves depend on the assumption of stationarity of the rainfall series, which is that the intensity and frequency of extreme hydrological events remain unchanged in the future. Climate change will have a significant impact on the collection and utilization of rainwater and its spatial characteristics. When the Gray-Green infrastructure is designed, if only historical precipitation is adopted to calculate the urban design rainstorm intensity formula (DRIF) and the total annual runoff control rate, it may be difficult to meet the demand of future precipitation changes on the city's ability to accommodate rainfall. Therefore, it is very important to study the impact of climate change on the IDF curve. This study proposes an overall optimization solution framework for historical and future DRIF. The impact of the extreme value on the IDF curve during the historical period is analyzed. The calculation method of the IDF curve in the future period is established. The changes of the rainstorm intensity in the historical and future period (SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0,SSP5-8.5) were analyzed for the 15 durations and eight return periods in Beijing, China. The results of this study show that the nondominated sorting and local search (NSLS) has the best accuracy in fitting the statistical samples of precipitation for different durations. The best methods to judge and process the extreme value of the statistical sample are Z-score and average value of series greater than critical value (AVG). Under the four SSP scenarios, the estimated IDF value is larger than the observed value in the historical period. The results of the equivalent return period calculated using the DRIF show that the the four SSP scenarios are smaller than the historical period for the return period greater than five years. Taking 120 min of short-duration precipitation as an example, the 100-year equivalent return periods of the observation under the four SSP scenarios are 35-, 20-, 54-, and 17-years, respectively. The research can provide valuable reference for the design and planning of the drainage facility under climate change.
Photocatalytic and adsorptive performance of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/TiO2 composite for antibiotics removal: single- and multi-pollutant conditions
Authors: N Neghi , Kumar Mathava 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A polymer-TiO2 macro composite (i.e., PVA-CS-TiO2) was synthesized via chemical precipitation of PVA-CS-TiO2 blend in alkali/solvent medium and applied for the removal of three model antibiotics (i.e., metronidazole (MNZ), ceftiofur (CEF) and tetracycline (TET)), as single compound and multi-compound conditions. The photocatalytic and adsorptive removals of antibiotics (concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 mg L−1) by the composite in an UV reactor system (32 W UV-C power, 0.3 g L−1 of composite) was assessed through kinetic models. Antibiotics adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the order of adsorption was MNZ &gt; TET &gt; CEF. On the other hand, the hydrophilic MNZ was degraded faster compared to hydrophobic CEF and TET drugs. Moreover, UV reactor system exhibited antagonistic behavior under multi-compound condition. Micro-toxicity of antibiotics was performed using bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri and EC50 of CEF, TET and MNZ were found to be 18.25 mg L−1, 173.8 mg L−1, and 668.6 mg L−1, respectively. However, the relative toxicity levels of PVA-CS-TiO2 and treated effluent were well with the limits as inferred from the microtoxicity analysis. Thus, synthesized biocompatible composite exhibited structural stability, consistent performance for three photocatalytic cycles for all antibiotics at a minimal catalyst loading, easily retained using metallic tea strainer and does not exhibit microtoxicity has a scope for real-time applications.
PHARMACOLOGY OF TRIPHALA WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON THEIR CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
Authors: K. M. DEVASENA , S. LEKSHMI DEVI , MOHANAN ARUN , N. V. RAMESH 
Published: August 2022

This review is based on Ayurvedic texts and online scientific databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct to study use of scientific research methods in ayurvedic formulation Triphala. The following keywords were used: Triphala, terminalia chebula, terminalia bellerica, Phyllanthus embilica, chemical constituents, gallic acid, chebulinic acid, and molecular docking to write this review. Studies about Triphala and their individual drugs as well as their active compounds were concentrated upon. There are many research works being conducted on Triphala and its therapeutic effect. Yet, the need to develop these works to a fully utilisable form for the medical community is not achieved. This review concludes that Triphala is a treasure that needs to be further evaluated for the betterment of health globally.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ITRACONAZOLE TRANSDERMAL PATCHES CONTAINING SINGLE-PHASE EMULGEL
Authors: ELHASSAN GAMAL OSMAN 
Published: August 2022

Objective: Emulgel technique has attempts for preparation of itraconazole (ITZ) transdermal patches of reservoir type using a single-phase system with different polymers of Carbopol 934 and Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC).
Methods: The transdermal patches were prepared by using eudragit L30 as a polymer and propylene glycol (PG) as plasticizer has been made to predict the mechanism of drug release and absorption based on the order of release. The optimized transdermal patches were characterised as surface morphology, pH, viscosity, spreadability, folding endurance, drug permeation, assay, in vitro dissolution and stability for 3 mo.
Results: The result of the study showed that the transdermal patches prepared with eudragit (8 %) showed 96.11±3.17 % drug release in 24 h and the optimised formulation F8, which had the highest concentration of span 20 and tween 20, displayed the highest percentage of drug penetration. The drug release kinetics was studied, including the Baker-Lonsdale model with in vitro drug permeation data was found that release from non-spherical matrices, the first-order model with non-fickian diffusion.
Conclusion: ITZ administered transdermally might be avoided the number of drawbacks associated with oral delivery and perhaps maintain a relatively constant plasma level during a lengthy course of treatment.
Toleransi Beragama Dalam Praktek Sosial Masyarakat (Studi Kasus Hubungan Mayoritas Dan Minoritas Agama Di Desa Sukoreno Kecamatan Umbulsari Kabupaten Jember)
Authors: Ade Fitri Amalia  
Published: August 2022

Pada umumnya, manusia merupakan makhluk yang menginginkan kedamaian di muka bumi. Nilai-nilai perdamaian menjadi sebuah hal penting yang harus ada dalam kehidupan. Setiap agama mengajarkan nilai-nilai perdamaian tersebut melalui sikap toleransi beragama. Toleransi beragama menjadi obat ditengah munculnya berbagai kekacauan dalam kehidupan, seperti anarkisme beragama, perang antar agama, hingga terorisme dalam lingkup global. Kekacauan tersebut menimbulkan banyak akibat yang pada akhirnya akan memunculkan masalah-masalah baru. Umumnya, masalah dalam kehidupan beragama timbul dalam hubungan kaum mayoritas dan minoritas. Adanya keinginan untuk saling menguasai dan menjadi pemegang otoritas tertinggi menjadikan persaingan antara kuam mayoritas dan minoritas menjadi semakin kuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana bentuk toleransi beragama yang dilakukan antara kaum mayoritas dan minoritas Desa Sukoreno dalam praktek sosial masyarakatnya. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Teknik yang digunakan dalam proses pengambilan datanya adalah dokumentasi, wawancara, dan observasi. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah kembali menjadi sebuah data valid menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Sehingga, melalui lima tahapan diatas akan didapati kesimpulan yang telah valid terkait toleransi beragama dalam praktek sosial masyarakat antara kaum mayoritas dan minoritas umat beragama Desa Sukoreno Kecamatan Umbulsari Kabupaten Jember.
Kata Kunci: Keberagaman, Toleransi, Mayoritas, Minoritas
Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity are fully compatible, and have a common origin: the expanding (hyper) balloon universe
Authors: Waugh Subhajit 
Published: August 2022

Please download the paper and then read the abstract (since
crucial formulas are not appearing in this window, and also hyperlinks
are not working). This is just a brief overview:
Relativity is inside the light cone phenomena, while Quantum Mechanics
is outside the light cone phenomena, dictated just by the scale (i.e.
whether we use classical/human scale or sub-atomic scale). This recent
paper [‘Quantum principle of relativity’; Andrzej Dragan,
Artur Ekert, New. J. Phys. 22 (2020) 033098] has shown that every
exotic Quantum effect like superposition, entanglement, probabilistic
behavior, multiple paths etc. can be explained just by allowing
superluminalpossibility. The ‘inside the light cone’ phenomena, and
the ‘outside the light cone’ phenomena together span the entire region
within the space and time axes. Only in unison they complete the entire
picture. We failed to realize that the same spacetime is getting split
into ‘space like’ and ‘time like’ regions based on scale. And the reason
behind this is not the magical (?) speed of light.
That would have turned relativity into just a branch of
electromagnetism. It turns out that the c is the
radial expansion velocity of our universe.
Quantum Mechanics and Special Relativity are like two sides of the same
coin. But understanding the relation between Quantum Mechanics and
General Relativity is a bit tricky, because according to General
Relativity, gravity is the warping/curvature of the 4 dimensional
spacetime itself. At first sight, Quantum Mechanics and General
Relativity seem to be utterly incompatible! But actually, Special
Relativity’s big brother General Relativity only complicates things a
bit, but does not become inconsistent with Quantum Mechanics
altogether. The only difference between the warped spacetime of General
Relativity, and the flat spacetime of Special Relativity is very similar
to the difference between a stretched rubber membrane, with and without
a metal ball placed on it.
This paper does not sacrifice any of the spectacular success of
General Relativity and also does not compromise with any of the
stunningly accurate predictions of Quantum Mechanics. And yet, this
paper harmoniously brings Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity
together (and solves several pressing problems in physics). Just bear in
mind that Nature simply cannot afford to make our two greatest theories
incompatible. After all, both General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics
were based on what nature was actually telling us, and nature herself
would be accountable for any genuine contradiction (but not for the
breakdown of our physics due to our misunderstanding!).
Gentle reminder: Please download the paper and then read the
abstract.
KADAR AIR, pH, SUHU, DAN KADAR AMONIA PADA LITTER DI DUA ZONASI YANG BERBEDA PADA KANDANG CLOSED HOUSE
Authors: Jaya Cakra Rakasiwi Mega , Riyanti RR , Septinova Dian , Nova Khaira 
Published: August 2022

This research was a case study which aimed to determine the water content, ammonia content, pH, and temperature of litter in the zonation in the closed house. This research was carried out in March 2021-April 2021, for 28 days in the Closed-house unit of the Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The closed house unit used was 40 meters long and 8 meters wide with a capacity of 5,495 broiler DOCs. The closed house zone was divided into two, namely zone 1 (20x8m) located near the cooling pad occupied by 2,747 DOCs and in zone 2 (20x8m) which is near the exhaust fan occupied by 2,748 DOCs. The results showed that Zone 1 near the cooling pad had lower water content, ammonia, pH, and litter temperature compared to Zone 2 which was close to the exhaust fan.

Keywords: Ammonia, Closed-house zoning, Litter temperature, pH, Water content
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN FUNGISIDA BENOMIL DENGAN DOSIS YANG BERBEDA DAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP KUALITAS BENIH Indigofera sp.
Authors: Zunata Rangga Bima , Muhtarudin Muhtarudin , Liman Liman , Erwanto Erwanto 
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of benomyl fungicide with different doses and storage time on the quality of Indigofera sp. This research was conducted in April – July 2021 at the Nutrition and Animal Feed Laboratory, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern (4 x 3) with the first treatment being the dose of the fungicide benomyl P0, P1, P2, and P3 (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) and the second treatment was duration storage T1, T2, and T3 (1, 2, and 3 months). Parameters observed were germination, normal germination, abnormal germination, hard seeds, dead seeds, and seeds attacked by pests. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a level of 5% and the least significant difference further test (LSD) was performed on the data which showed significantly different results. The results showed that there was no interaction between the dose of benomyl fungicide and the storage time on the quality of Indigofera sp. The best dose of benomyl fungicide for seed storage of Indigofera sp. was treatment P1 (2 mg/gr), because treatment P1 resulted in the highest percentage of gemination potency and normal germination and resulted in a low percentage of seeds attacked by pests. The best storage time for storing Indigofera sp seeds was treatment T1 (storage time of 1 month) because treatment T1 produced the highest percentage of germination and normal germination, which was 9.77% and 4.39%, respectively.

Keywords: Benomyl fungicide, germination, Indigofera sp.
ESTIMASI NILAI RIPITABILITAS BOBOT SAPIH DAN MOST PROBABLE PRODUCING ABILITY KAMBING SABURAI BETINA DI KELOMPOK TANI GUYUP RUKUN KECAMATAN SUMBEREJO, KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS
Authors: Harpangestu Dennis Mulya , Dakhlan Akhmad , Kurniawati Dian , Qisthon Arif 
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to determine the repeatability estimate of weaning weight and the Most Probable Producing Ability (MPPA) of female Saburai goats in the Guyup Rukun Farm Group in Sumberejo District, Tanggamus Regency which was conducted in November 2020. The method used in this study was a survey method using 50 Saburai does that had given birth twice from 2016-2020. The observed variables were birth weight, age of the dam at giving birth, weaning age, type of birth, sex and weaning weight at the first and second parity. Weaning weights were corrected for sex, the age of the dam, weaning age of 90 days, and birth type. The repeatability estimate was calculated using interclass correlation method. The Repeatability estimate then was used to estimate the MPPA of Saburai does. The results showed that the repeatability estimate of weaning weight of Saburai goat was 0.72 (high category). The average MPPA of weaning weight for Saburai does was 16.41±0.92 kg with the highest MPPA was 18.92±0.92 kg and the lowest MPPA was 14.96±0.92 kg. There were 18 does with MPPA values ​​above the average of the population in the farmer group with livestock code KI2, KI3, KS3, KI6, KI4, KI5, JW2, MD3, KI1, SK1, MG1, TW2, KS4, SY3, SK2, MG5, SR3, and KT3.

Keywords: Most Probable Producing Ability, Repeatability estimate, Saburai Goat, Weaning Weight
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI Lactobacillus plantarum TERHADAP pH, DAYA IKAT AIR, DAN KONDISI KEBUSUKAN DAGING BROILER
Authors: Apriyanti Wahyu , Riyanti Rr , Septianova Dian , Wanniatie Veronica 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan starter Lactobacillus plantarum terhadap kondisi kebusukan, nilai pH, dan daya ikat air (DIA) daging broiler, serta mengetahui konsentrasi L. plantarum terbaik terhadap kondisi kebusukan, nilai pH, dan daya ikat air daging broiler. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Maret 2021 di Laboratorium Produksi Ternak Jurusan Peternakan Universitas Lampung, Laboratorium Teknologi Hasil Pertanian Jurusan Teknologi Pangan Politeknik Negeri Lampung, dan Laboratorium Kesmavet Balai Veteriner Lampung. Materi penelitian menggunakan 20 fillet daging bagian dada ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan yaitu tanpa marinasi starter L. plantarum (P0), marinasi 5% starter L. plantarum (P1), marinasi 10% starter L. plantarum (P2), dan marinasi 15% starter L. plantarum (P3). Peubah yang diamati adalah kondisi kebusukan, nilai pH, dan DIA. Data nilai pH dan daya ikat air yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), apabila hasil yang didapatkan berbeda nyata, maka dilakukan uji lanjutan menggunakan Uji Beda Nyata (BNT) dengan bantuan program Excel, sedangkan data kondisi kebusukan dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa marinasi daging broiler dengan L. plantarum berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) menurunkan nilai pH dan DIA, serta hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan marinasi daging broiler dengan L. plantarum berdampak pada penghambatan kebusukan. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa daging broiler yang dimarinasi dengan konsentrasi L. plantarum 5% menunjukkan hasil yang terbaik pada nilai pH, DIA, dan kondisi kebusukan daging broiler.
NILAI INDEKS PRODUKTIVITAS INDUK SAPI BRAHMAN CROSS DI KOPERASI PRODUKSI TERNAK MAJU SEJAHTERA KECAMATAN TANJUNG SARI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: Ramadani M Iqbal , Adhianto Kusuma , Hamdani M. D. I. , Dakhlan Akhmad 
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui rata-rata Bobot Sapih Terkoreksi sapi Brahman Cross (BX) di KPT Maju Sejahtera, Mengetahui nilai Indeks Produktivitas Induk (IPI) induk sapi BX di KPT Maju Sejahtera, Memilih nilai IPI terbaik pada setiap kelompok. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di KPT Maju Sejahtera yang terdiri dari 6 kelompok yaitu Bumi Asih Sejahtera, Karya Makmur, Sudi Makmur 3, Fajar Jaya, Barokah Jaya, dan Jaya Abadi. Kecamatan Tanjung Sari, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Provinsi Lampung pada Januari sampai Februari 2021. Data penelitian menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder yang diambil dari catatan 65 ekor sapi BX di KPT Maju Sejahtera. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode survei, Sampel pengamatan ditentukan secara sensus. Peubah yang diamati pada penelitian ini meliputi catatan tanggal lahir pedet, bobot lahir pedet, bobot sapih pedet, umur sapih pedet, jenis kelamin anak, tanggal induk melahirkan pada paritas pertama dan paritas kedua. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa rata-rata bobot sapih terkoreksi (BST) sapi BX di KPT Maju Sejahtera adalah 142,06±4,19 kg, rata-rata nilai IPI sapi BX di KPT Maju Sejahtera adalah 117,71±7,43 kg, dan terdapat nilai IPI sapi BX tertinggi berdasarkan kelompok di KPT Maju Sejahtera yaitu kelompok Bumi Asih Sejahtera yaitu 177,54 kg, Karya Makmur yaitu 147,77 kg, Sudi Makmur 3 yaitu 152,84 kg, Fajar Jaya yaitu 138,05 kg, Barokah Jaya yaitu 164,29 kg, dan Jaya Abadi yaitu 133,47 kg.