bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and Facilitators of Implementing Injury Prevention Practices by Massage Therapists
Authors: Friedman Lee S. , Madigan Dana , Cambron Jerrilyn A. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
Massage therapy involves pervasive ergonomic hazards with the majority of massage therapists (MTs) experiencing adverse musculoskeletal health issues. A variety of barriers and facilitators exist that can impact the efficacy of safety programs.

Methods:
A longitudinal study to characterize individual and organizational barriers and facilitators that influence the implementation of self-care techniques designed to reduce musculoskeletal health issues.

Results:
MTs who reported time as abarrier implemented 0.9 fewer selfcare items despite wanting to make these changes (P
= 0.003) and 1.4 fewer self-care items when management was identified as a barrier (P < 0.001). Almost 20% of the MTs reported switching jobs which was associated with implementing 1.1 fewer self-care items (P = 0.002).

Conclusions:
Our findings show that organizational factors plays a critical role in workplace safety which can be used to improve working conditions faced by MTs.
Relationship Between Psychosocial Work Environment Factors and Presenteeism Among Workers With Diarrhea/Constipation Symptoms
Authors: Inoue Shunsuke , Nagata Tomohisa , Nagata Masako , Tateishi Seiichiro , Fujino Yoshihisa , Mori Koji 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the relationship of diarrhea/constipation symptoms with presenteeism and psychosocial work environment factors.

Methods:
This study analyzed 16,975 workers of 10 Japanese companies. Presenteeism was measured using a work functioning impairment scale. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (cis) for the relationship between diarrhea/constipation and presenteeism were estimated using a logistic model, adjusting for the psychosocial work environment.

Results:
Diarrhea/constipation symptoms were related to presenteeism. This relationship was weakened, but remained significant after adjusting for psychosocial work environment factors.

Conclusions:
Diarrhea and constipation, which are highly prevalent in the workplace, are important pathological factors for presenteeism. Presenteeism can be partially suppressed by improving the psychosocial work environment.
Does the Application of a Lycra Arm Sleeve Change Shoulder Biomechanics in People With Stroke?—A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kumar Praveen 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) is reported in up to 81% of patients with stroke. Our previous studies found that a Lycra sleeve can reduce acromion-greater tuberosity (AGT) distance (used for assessment of GHS) in people with chronic stroke (n = 5). In a recent study on able-bodied people (n = 31), we report reduction in AGT, change in scapula measurements, and change in muscle activity after the application of Lycra sleeve. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lycra sleeves on the AGT distance, muscle activity around the shoulder region, and scapular position in people with stroke.

Method
People with stroke who gave informed consent were recruited. Measurements were taken before and immediately after application of the sleeve. Portable diagnostic ultrasound, electromyography, and a tape measure were used to measure AGT distance, muscle activity (biceps, triceps, deltoid, and supraspinatus), and position of the scapula, respectively.

Results
Six participants with a mean age of 53 ± 8 years were recruited. There was a mean reduction of 0.13 cm (95% confidence interval, −0.01 to 0.28 cm) in AGT distance measurements but this was not statistically significant (t = 3.503, df = 5, P = .062). The inferior scapula measurements showed a mean reduction of 1 cm (95% confidence interval, 0.07-1.92 cm) and this was statistically significant (t = 2.781; df = 5, P = .039) when compared without and with sleeve application.

Conclusions
The application of Lycra arm sleeves did not significantly reduce the AGT distance but altered scapula mechanics by putting it in a mechanically advantaged position in a small sample of people with chronic stroke. A properly designed definitive trial would be required to confirm the effectiveness of the Lycra sleeve in reducing GHS in people with both acute and chronic stroke.

Clinical Relevance
Lycra sleeve may have potential to alter biomechanics and influence neuromuscular activity in the arm.
Robotic Emulation of Candidate Prosthetic Foot Designs May Enable Efficient, Evidence-Based, and Individualized Prescriptions
Authors: Caputo Joshua M. , Dvorak Evan , Shipley Kate , Miknevich Mary Ann , Adamczyk Peter G. , Collins Steven H. 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The design and selection of lower-limb prosthetic devices is currently hampered by a shortage of evidence to drive the choice of prosthetic foot parameters. We propose a new approach wherein prostheses could be designed, specified, and provided based on individualized measurements of the benefits provided by candidate feet. In this manuscript, we present a pilot test of this evidence-based and personalized process.

Methods
We previously developed a “prosthetic foot emulator,” a wearable robotic system that provides users with the physical sensation of trying on different prosthetic feet before definitive fitting. Here we detail preliminary demonstrations of two possible approaches to personalizing foot design: 1) an emulation and test-drive strategy of representative commercial foot models, and 2) a prosthetist-driven tuning procedure to optimize foot parameters.

Results
The first experiment demonstrated large and sometimes surprising differences in optimal prosthetic foot parameters across a variety of subjects, walking conditions, and outcome measures. The second experiment demonstrated a quick and effective simple manual tuning procedure for identifying preferred prosthetic foot parameters.

Conclusions
Emulator-based approaches could improve individualization of prosthetic foot prescription. The present results motivate future clinical studies of the validity, efficacy, and economics of the approach across larger and more diverse subject populations.

Clinical Relevance
Today, emulator technology is being used to accelerate research and development of novel prosthetic and orthotic devices. In the future, after further refinement and validation, this technology could benefit clinical practice by providing a means for rapid test-driving and optimal selection of clinically available prosthetic feet.
Prognosis of Human Papillomavirus–Negative Compared to Human Papillomavirus–Positive Cervical Cancer
Authors: Kugelman Nir , Siegler Efraim , Mackuli Lena , Lavie Ofer , Schmidt Meirav , Shaked-Mishan Pninit , Segev Yakir 
Published: December 2021

Objectives
The aims of the study were to evaluate the prevalence and prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative cervical cancer (CC) and to compare these to data for HPV-positive CC.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective cohort study compared between HPV-negative CC and HPV-positive CC patients. Primary end points were disease-free survival and overall survival. Secondary end points were demographic and clinical variables including histological diagnosis, stage, and treatment.

Results
Of 233 women with CC, 18 (8%) tested HPV-negative. During a median follow-up of 45 months, 33 (14%) recurrences and 41 (18%) deaths were observed. Eleven of the 18 women (61%) who tested HPV-negative and 41 of the 215 (19%) who tested HPV-positive had only adenocarcinoma (p < .001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, advanced age (p = .003) and primary treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (p < .001) remained statistically significant for recurrence or mortality (disease-free survival). The factors associated with lower survival were advanced age (p = .008), higher stage at diagnosis (p < .001), and HPV negativity (p = .062). Median overall survival for HPV-positive CC was not reached, compared with 24 months for HPV-negative CC. Kaplan-Meier curves showed lower rates of disease-free survival (p = .008) and overall survival (p = .011), for women with HPV-negative compared with HPV-positive CC.

Conclusions
The relatively poor prognosis of HPV-negative CC is important in light of its relatively high prevalence, which could increase proportionally to HPV-positive CC due to increased HPV screening and vaccination. Further studies are needed to confirm whether HPV status is truly an independent prognostic factor in CC.
Small bowel feeding: do you pay the price for bypassing the stomach?
Authors: Bond Ashley , Czapran Adam , Lal Simon 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
Hydration and nutritional support is a vital part of medical care, thus a clear understanding of the optimal approach is vital for medical professionals. This is a particularly pertinent issue for patients admitted to a critical care setting. This article aims to define the advantages and disadvantages of gastric and postpyloric feeding in the critical care setting, thus aiding decision-making for clinicians.

Recent findings
Within the article, the main themes covered are those relating to enteral feeding tube placement, the impact of enteral feeding route on ventilator-associated pneumonia, optimization of enteral tube feeding in critical care and the impact that a chosen route may have upon gastrointestinal function.

Summary
The value of enteral feeding in critical illness is proven beyond doubt and the simplest approach has long been ‘if the gut works, use it’. If gastric feeding is not able to be established or is not tolerated then jejunal feeding should be considered as a preferable alternative to parenteral nutrition. Improving access to service or techniques for postpyloric tube placement would assist in optimizing nutritional support in the critical care setting.
Effectiveness of low-level gallium aluminium arsenide laser therapy for temporomandibular disorder with myofascial pain
Authors: Wu Xuelian , Zhu Jiang , Zheng Bing , Liu Jie , Wu Zonghui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) causes masticatory muscle pain and mouth opening limitations and affects patients’ ability to eat, practice oral health and perform other activities of daily living. Although the benefits of low-energy lasers in treating TMD have been reported, the results vary greatly depending on the equipment used and the energy output. This study systematically evaluated the efficacy of a low-level gallium aluminium arsenide (GaAlAs) laser treatment for TMD with myofascial pain and maxillary pain.

Methods:
We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published since database inception to April 5, 2020, that compared low-level laser treatment to sham/placebo treatment or no intervention in patients suffering from TMD with myofascial pain. Three reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the included studies according to the risk-of-bias tool recommended by the Cochrane Handbook V.5.1.0 (Cochrane Collaboration, London, UK). Then, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.1 software.

Results:
The data from 8 randomized controlled trials including 181 patients were analyzed. The severity of myofascial TMD pain (measured on a visual analogue scale, VAS) at the end of treatment was significantly different between the control laser therapy and the low-level GaAlAs laser therapy (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.51 to 0.01, P = .046); at 3 to 4 weeks after treatment, there was no significant difference (WMD = 1.24, 95% CI −0.04 to 2.51, P = .057). In addition, there was no significant improvement in maximum mouth opening (MMO) at the end of treatment (WMD = −0.03, 95% CI −4.13 to 4.06, P = .987) or at 3 to 4 weeks after treatment (WMD = 1.22, 95% CI −2.94 to 5.39, P = .565).

Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that there is insufficient evidence to indicate an efficacy of low-level GaAlAs laser therapy in improving TMD pain and maximal oral opening. These results suggest that clinicians should make appropriate recommendations to inform patient decision-making.
Successful fluconazole combined with caspofungin treatment of candida bloodstream infection in preterm infant
Authors: Yuan Gaole , Tu Yingqiu , Liu Lili , Xu Tiantian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Candida bloodstream infection continues to be a significant cause of mortality in premature infants. Amphotericin B has been recommended as the primary treatment; however, its use is limited due to drug-induced nephrotoxicity and amphotericin B-resistant candidemia.

Patient concerns:
The gestational age was 29 (+6) weeks, and birth weight was 1760 g.

Diagnosis:
The infant was diagnosed with Candida parapsilosis bloodstream infection.

Interventions:
Fluconazole, 12 mg/kg/day, combined with caspofungin (loading dose 3 mg/kg, at a maintenance dose of 2 mg/kg every 24 h) therapy was administered to premature infant with Candida bloodstream infection. When fluconazole or caspofungin was used to treat Candida bloodstream infection in preterm infants, the blood cultures of the infant remained positive for Candida parapsilosis.

Outcomes:
All persistent candidemia resolved on fluconazole combined with caspofungin therapy. There were no adverse effects, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, anemia, or thrombocytopenia.

Lessons:
Fluconazole combined with caspofungin successfully treated Candida bloodstream infection in premature infants at 29 + 6 weeks’ gestational age, but large-scale clinical trials are required.
The value of conventional manometry in the identification of normal esophageal manometry
Authors: Bilgin Serkan , Kayali Ahmet , Yamanoğlu Adnan , Acar Hüseyin , Karakaya Zeynep , Topal Firdevs , Yüksel Elif Saritaş , Topal Fatih Esad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the last decade, high-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) is the main device for the management of dysphagia replacing conventional manometry (CM). Conventional manometry still seems to have some space to diagnose major motility disorders and differentiate normal from abnormal esophageal motility. The long term outcomes of patients with normal CM were analyzed in our study.
Participants (patients with dysphagia and normal CM) took a questionnaire via a phone call in February 2021. Impact Dysphagia Questionnaire (IDQ) was used as an assessment tool.
Only 55% (83/151) the individuals with previous normal manometric findings were reached via telephone. The group who have completed the survey was representative of the cohort. 66.2% of the participants were female (P = .40). The mean age was 57.21, mean weight was 70.69 kg, mean height was 163.74 cm and mean body mass index was 26.41. More than 40% of patients were completely asymptomatic at follow up, reflected by an IDQ score of 0. Only 28 out of 83 (33.7%) patients reported significant symptoms as reflected by an IDQ score greater than or equal to 7. The rest of responders admitted as having moderate to mild symptoms.
HREM is a valid technique with comparable precision to CM. HREM measurements differ considerably to CM. The identification of normal motor function in CM is not likely a positive prognostic indicator and must be interpreted precautiously.
Added value of systemic inflammation markers in predicting pulmonary infection in stroke patients
Authors: Zheng Lv , Wen Lv , Lei Wang , Ning Zhang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Exploring candidate markers to predict the clinical outcomes of pulmonary infection in stroke patients have a high unmet need. This study aimed to develop machine learning (ML)-based predictive models for pulmonary infection.
Between January 2008 and April 2021, a retrospective analysis of 1397 stroke patients who had CT angiography from skull to diaphragm (including CT of the chest) within 24 hours of symptom onset. A total of 21 variables were included, and the prediction model of pulmonary infection was established by multiple ML-based algorithms. Risk factors for pulmonary infection were determined by the feature selection method. Area under the curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis were used to determine the model with the best resolution and to assess the net clinical benefits associated with the use of predictive models, respectively.
A total of 889 cases were included in this study as a training group, while 508 cases were as a validation group. The feature selection indicated the top 6 predictors were procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, consciousness disorder, dysphagia, and invasive procedure. The AUCs of the 5 models ranged from 0.78 to 0.87 in the training cohort. When the ML-based models were applied to the validation set, the results also remained reconcilable, and the AUC was between 0.891 and 0.804. The decision curve analysis also showed performed better than positive line and negative line, indicating the favorable predictive performance and clinical values of the models.
By incorporating clinical characteristics and systemic inflammation markers, it is feasible to develop ML-based models for the presence and consequences of signs of pulmonary infection in stroke patients, and the use of the model may be greatly beneficial to clinicians in risk stratification and management decisions.
Long-term efficacy and patient satisfaction of pulsed radiofrequency therapy in temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Jo Jung Hwan , Jang Yewon , Chung Gehoon , Chung Jin Woo , Park Ji Woon 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Pulse radiofrequency (PRF) therapy is one of effective physical therapy modalities for treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This prospective randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the long-term treatment efficacy and patient satisfaction with PRF therapy in TMD.

Methods:
Eighty-six female patients with TMD were randomly assigned to either pulsed radiofrequency or placebo therapy in combination with other conventional treatments once a week for 12 weeks. A final analysis was performed 12 weeks after the completion of treatment. Clinical parameters and patient satisfaction were analyzed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of intervention and at 24 weeks from baseline.

Results:
Pain intensity, comfortable and maximum mouth opening, and pain on capsule and masticatory muscle palpation were significantly improved after treatment in both groups. Notably, the pulsed radiofrequency group showed a significantly lower pain intensity at the final evaluation performed 3 months after the completion of treatment. Significantly more patients reported subjective pain improvement and satisfaction with treatment following intervention at baseline in the PRF group. Most patients did not report any discomfort following treatment in either group. However, significantly more patients in the PRF group reported a burning sensation with intervention.

Conclusion:
Long-term regular pulsed radiofrequency therapy was effective in significantly reducing TMD pain, and the effect was long-lasting following treatment completion. Pulsed radiofrequency therapy should be considered as a supportive physical therapy modality for TMD.
Prospective screening for significant liver fibrosis by fibrosis-4 in primary care patients without known liver disease
Authors: Ouzan Denis , Mosnier Anne , Penaranda Guillaume , Daviaud Isabelle , Joly Helene , Muntlak Monelle , Cohen Jean Marie 
Published: December 2021

Background
Fibrosis-4 test (FIB-4) is one of the simplest, free of charge, noninvasive scoring tests. We aimed to prospectively measure the prevalence of liver fibrosis in adults with no previously known liver disease and who consulted a general practitioner by FIB-4 score; compare this test to an NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS) and Fibrometer (FM); explore the prevalence of risk factors (obesity, diabetes, alcohol, and hypertension) and reconsider a possible cause of liver disease in patients recognized as FIB-4-positive.

Methods
Over a 6-month period, 40 general practitioners (GPs) offered all their consecutive adult primary care patients with no previously known liver pathology and a liver fibrosis screening via a blood test of three scores.

Results
Among the consecutive 2121 patients included in the study, 39% had a BMI greater than 25 kg/m2, 13% had an alcohol consumption greater than 100 g/week, 10% had type 2 diabetes, and 29% had hypertension. The prevalence of significant liver fibrosis by FIB-4, according to age was 19.1% (95% confidence interval: 17.5–20.9%). By comparison, prevalence was 16.8% (15.0–18.5%) by the NFS and 8.2% (6.9–9.6%) by the FM. A significant relationship was observed between FIB-4 fibrosis risk stages and NFS and FM scores. GPs identified the cause of disease in 2/3 of FIB-4-positive cases, mainly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Conclusion
Liver fibrosis was suspected by FIB-4 score in 19.1% of patients with no previously known liver disease. The detection of significant fibrosis by the FIB-4 allowed the GP to suspect liver disease. The FIB-4 score that can be automatically generated should allow earlier recognition of liver disease in the general population.
Venetoclax combination therapy in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Shimony Shai , Stone Richard M. , Stahl Maximilian 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
Venetoclax is a BCL-2 inhibitor that was approved in combination therapy with hypomethylating agents or low dose cytarabine for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The purpose of this review is to outline the most recent venetoclax-based combination therapies in newly diagnosed or relapsed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and AML patients.

Recent finding
Venetoclax has been incorporated in various therapeutic regimens – either with chemotherapy, immunotherapy or targeted therapies. These combinations achieve high remission rates with deep molecular responses, as suggested by measurable residual disease measurements. There are concerns regarding the incomplete count recovery, prolonged cytopenia and infection rates, especially when combined with chemotherapy. There is also limited data concerning durability of these remissions, and the effectiveness in high-risk population (i.e. p53-mutated AML patients).

Summary
Venetoclax-based combination therapies encompass novel therapeutic possibilities in MDS and AML with encouraging initial results. However, the exact role of each combination therapy and the long-term effects on patients’ outcome are yet to be defined.