bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Last Nationwide Smallpox Epidemic in the Netherlands: Infectious Disease and Social Inequalities in Amsterdam, 1870–1872
Authors: Muurling Sanne , Riswick Tim , Buzasi Katalin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe complex relationship between the history of infectious diseases and social inequalities has recently attracted renewed attention. Smallpox has so far largely escaped this revived scholarly scrutiny, despite its century-long status as one of the deadliest and widespread of all infectious diseases. Literature has demonstrated important differences between rural and urban communities, and between cities, but has so far failed to address intra-urban disparities due to varying living conditions and disease environments. This article examines the last nationwide upsurge of smallpox in the Netherlands through the lens of Amsterdam’s 50 neighborhoods in the period 1870–72. We use a mixed methods approach combining qualitative spatial analysis and OLS regression to investigate which part of the population was affected most by this epidemic in terms of age and sex, geographic distribution across the city, and underlying sociodemographic neighborhood characteristics such as relative wealth, housing density, crude death rate, and birth rate. Our analyses reveal a significant spatial patterning of smallpox mortality that can largely be explained by the existing social environment. Lacking universal vaccination, the smallpox epidemic was not socially neutral, but laid bare some of the deep-seated social and health inequalities across the city.
The Global Biogeochemical Cycle of Arsenic
Authors: Schlesinger William H. , Klein Emily M. , Vengosh Avner 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDirect exploitation and use of arsenic resources has diminished in recent years, but inadvertent mobilizations of As from mineral extractions (metal ores, coal, and phosphate rock) are now as much as ten‐fold greater (1,500–5,600 × 109 g/yr) than the As released by the natural rate of rock weathering at the Earth's surface (60–544 × 109 g/yr). Although some As from mining activities enters global cycling through leaching and spills, the amount of dissolved As in rivers (23 × 109 g/yr) is similar to the theoretical mobilization of As from chemical weathering. Anthropogenic emissions to the atmosphere (17–38 × 109 g As/yr) are double the natural background sources (10–25 × 109 g As/yr), largely as a result of the smelting of Cu and other non‐ferrous ores. This results in increased atmospheric deposition near regions with high mining and industrial activities, with potential consequences to human health, natural ecosystems and agriculture. Using median values for As, the ratio of anthropogenic to natural emissions to the atmosphere (1.57) suggests a human impact on the global As cycle that rivals those for V, Hg and Pb.
Disparities in Air Pollutants Across Racial, Ethnic, and Poverty Groups at US Public Schools
Authors: Cheeseman Michael J. , Ford Bonne , Anenberg Susan C. , Cooper Matthew J. , Fischer Emily V. , Hammer Melanie S. , Magzamen Sheryl , Martin Randall V. , van Donkelaar Aaron , Volckens John , Pierce Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe investigate socioeconomic disparities in air quality at public schools in the contiguous US using high resolution estimates of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations. We find that schools with higher proportions of people of color (POC) and students eligible for the federal free or reduced lunch program, a proxy for poverty level, are associated with higher pollutant concentrations. For example, we find that the median annual NO2 concentration for White students, nationally, was 7.7 ppbv, compared to 9.2 ppbv for Black and African American students. Statewide and regional disparities in pollutant concentrations across racial, ethnic, and poverty groups are consistent with nationwide results, where elevated NO2 concentrations were associated with schools with higher proportions of POC and higher levels of poverty. Similar, though smaller, differences were found in PM2.5 across racial and ethnic groups in most states. Racial, ethnic, and economic segregation across the rural‐urban divide is likely an important factor in pollution disparities at US public schools. We identify distinct regional patterns of disparities, highlighting differences between California, New York, and Florida. Finally, we highlight that disparities exist not only across urban and non‐urban lines but also within urban environments.
Subseasonal Tropical Cyclone Prediction and Modulations by MJO and ENSO in CESM2
Authors: Li Hui , Richter Jadwiga H. , Lee Chia‐Ying , Kim Hyemi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSubseasonal tropical cyclone (TC) reforecasts from the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CAM6) subseasonal prediction system are examined in this study. We evaluate the modeled TC climatology and the probabilistic forecast skill of basin‐wide TC genesis at weekly temporal resolution. Prediction skill is calculated using the Brier skill score relative to a constant annual mean climatology and to a monthly varying seasonal climatology during TC season. The model captures the observed basin‐wide climatological TC seasonality and spatial distributions at weeks 1–6, but TC genesis is largely underestimated from Week 2 onward. For some basins and lead times, the predicted TC genesis is primarily controlled by the number of TC “seeds” and the mean‐state climate condition. The model has good prediction skill relative to the constant climatology across all the basins and lead times, but is only skillful in the eastern Pacific, North Indian Ocean, and Southern Hemisphere at Week 1 when compared to the seasonal climatology, indicating limited skill in predicting deviations from the seasonal cycle. We find strong modulations of the predicted TC genesis at up to 3 weeks of forecast lead time by the Madden‐Julian Oscillation. The interannual variability of predicted TC genesis and accumulated cyclone energy are skillfully predicted in the North Atlantic and the Northwestern Pacific, with a strong modulation by the El Nino‐Southern Oscillation.
Heterotrophic Bacteria Respond Differently to Increasing Temperature and Dissolved Organic Carbon Sources in Two Tropical Coastal Systems
Authors: Lønborg Christian , Baltar Federico , Calleja Maria Ll. , Morán Xosé Anxelu G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTemperature and substrate availability are important variables controlling marine heterotrophic bacterial activity. However, particularly in tropical regions it remains to be determined how these variables jointly affect bacterial activity. In this study we show how bacterial carbon cycling in two tropical coastal ecosystems (the Great Barrier Reef [GBR, Australia] and the Red Sea [Saudi Arabia]) are influenced by changing temperature (using a 6°C gradient) and the addition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from different sources (addition of mangroves and seagrass leachates, plus natural seawater). Our study demonstrates that elevated temperatures in the GBR increased bacterial organic carbon processing, while in the Red Sea no clear effects were found. More of the added DOC was degraded in the Red Sea but this additional carbon did not increase the biomass production, due to low bacterial growth efficiencies in all treatments. In addition, increasing temperatures in the GBR resulted in lower bacterial growth efficiencies, while no clear impact were found in the Red Sea. In conclusion, this study suggests that site‐specific ecosystem differences (e.g., different microbial and macrophyte community composition) may override general responses to temperature and substrate in tropical coastal waters.
Pharmacological targeting of cognitive impairment in depression: recent developments and challenges in human clinical research
Authors: Colwell Michael J. , Tagomori Hosana , Chapman Sarah , Gillespie Amy L. , Cowen Philip J. , Harmer Catherine J. , Murphy Susannah E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractImpaired cognition is often overlooked in the clinical management of depression, despite its association with poor psychosocial functioning and reduced clinical engagement. There is an outstanding need for new treatments to address this unmet clinical need, highlighted by our consultations with individuals with lived experience of depression. Here we consider the evidence to support different pharmacological approaches for the treatment of impaired cognition in individuals with depression, including treatments that influence primary neurotransmission directly as well as novel targets such as neurosteroid modulation. We also consider potential methodological challenges in establishing a strong evidence base in this area, including the need to disentangle direct effects of treatment on cognition from more generalised symptomatic improvement and the identification of sensitive, reliable and objective measures of cognition.
Machine learning the Hohenberg-Kohn map for molecular excited states
Authors: Bai Yuanming , Vogt-Maranto Leslie , Tuckerman Mark E. , Glover William J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Hohenberg-Kohn theorem of density-functional theory establishes the existence of a bijection between the ground-state electron density and the external potential of a many-body system. This guarantees a one-to-one map from the electron density to all observables of interest including electronic excited-state energies. Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory (TDDFT) provides one framework to resolve this map; however, the approximations inherent in practical TDDFT calculations, together with their computational expense, motivate finding a cheaper, more direct map for electronic excitations. Here, we show that determining density and energy functionals via machine learning allows the equations of TDDFT to be bypassed. The framework we introduce is used to perform the first excited-state molecular dynamics simulations with a machine-learned functional on malonaldehyde and correctly capture the kinetics of its excited-state intramolecular proton transfer, allowing insight into how mechanical constraints can be used to control the proton transfer reaction in this molecule. This development opens the door to using machine-learned functionals for highly efficient excited-state dynamics simulations.
Three-to-one analog signal modulation with a single back-bias-controlled reconfigurable transistor
Authors: Simon Maik , Mulaosmanovic Halid , Sessi Violetta , Drescher Maximilian , Bhattacharjee Niladri , Slesazeck Stefan , Wiatr Maciej , Mikolajick Thomas , Trommer Jens 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReconfigurable field effect transistors are an emerging class of electronic devices, which exploit a structure with multiple independent gates to selectively adjust the charge carrier transport. Here, we propose a new device variant, where not only p-type and n-type operation modes, but also an ambipolar mode can be selected solely by adjusting a single program voltage. It is demonstrated how the unique device reconfigurability of the new variant can be exploited for analog circuit design. The non-linearity of the ambipolar mode can be used for frequency doubling without the generation of additional harmonics. Further, phase shifter and follower circuits are enabled by the n- and p-type modes, respectively. All three functions can be combined to create a 3-to-1 reconfigurable analog signal modulation circuit on a single device enabling wireless communication schemes. Both, the concept as well as the application have been experimentally demonstrated on industrial-scale fully-depleted SOI platform. The special transport physics in those structures has been analyzed by TCAD simulations as well as temperature dependent measurements.
Evaluation of cutaneous immune response in a controlled human in vivo model of mosquito bites
Authors: Guerrero David , Vo Hoa Thi My , Lon Chanthap , Bohl Jennifer A. , Nhik Sreynik , Chea Sophana , Man Somnang , Sreng Sokunthea , Pacheco Andrea R. , Ly Sokna , Sath Rathanak , Lay Sokchea , Missé Dorothée , Huy Rekol , Leang Rithea , Kry Hok , Valenzuela Jesus G. , Oliveira Fabiano , Cantaert Tineke , Manning Jessica E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMosquito-borne viruses are a growing global threat. Initial viral inoculation occurs in the skin via the mosquito ‘bite’, eliciting immune responses that shape the establishment of infection and pathogenesis. Here we assess the cutaneous innate and adaptive immune responses to controlledAedes aegyptifeedings in humans living inAedes-endemic areas. In this single-arm, cross-sectional interventional study (trial registration #NCT04350905), we enroll 30 healthy adult participants aged 18 to 45 years of age from Cambodia between October 2020 and January 2021. We perform 3-mm skin biopsies at baseline as well as 30 min, 4 h, and 48 h after a controlled feeding by uninfectedAedes aegyptimosquitos. The primary endpoints are measurement of changes in early and late innate responses in bitten vs unbitten skin by gene expression profiling, immunophenotyping, and cytokine profiling. The results reveal induction of neutrophil degranulation and recruitment of skin-resident dendritic cells and M2 macrophages. As the immune reaction progresses T cell priming and regulatory pathways are upregulated along with a shift to Th2-driven responses and CD8+T cell activation. Stimulation of participants’ bitten skin cells withAedes aegyptisalivary gland extract results in reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. These results identify key immune genes, cell types, and pathways in the human response to mosquito bites and can be leveraged to inform and develop novel therapeutics and vector-targeted vaccine candidates to interfere with vector-mediated disease.
Host biology, ecology and the environment influence microbial biomass and diversity in 101 marine fish species
Authors: Minich Jeremiah J. , Härer Andreas , Vechinski Joseph , Frable Benjamin W. , Skelton Zachary R. , Kunselman Emily , Shane Michael A. , Perry Daniela S. , Gonzalez Antonio , McDonald Daniel , Knight Rob , Michael Todd P. , Allen Eric E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFish are the most diverse and widely distributed vertebrates, yet little is known about the microbial ecology of fishes nor the biological and environmental factors that influence fish microbiota. To identify factors that explain microbial diversity patterns in a geographical subset of marine fish, we analyzed the microbiota (gill tissue, skin mucus, midgut digesta and hindgut digesta) from 101 species of Southern California marine fishes, spanning 22 orders, 55 families and 83 genera, representing ~25% of local marine fish diversity. We compare alpha, beta and gamma diversity while establishing a method to estimate microbial biomass associated with these host surfaces. We show that body site is the strongest driver of microbial diversity while microbial biomass and diversity is lowest in the gill of larger, pelagic fishes. Patterns of phylosymbiosis are observed across the gill, skin and hindgut. In a quantitative synthesis of vertebrate hindguts (569 species), we also show that mammals have the highest gamma diversity when controlling for host species number while fishes have the highest percent of unique microbial taxa. The composite dataset will be useful to vertebrate microbiota researchers and fish biologists interested in microbial ecology, with applications in aquaculture and fisheries management.
Programmable ferroelectric bionic vision hardware with selective attention for high-precision image classification
Authors: Yu Rengjian , He Lihua , Gao Changsong , Zhang Xianghong , Li Enlong , Guo Tailiang , Li Wenwu , Chen Huipeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSelective attention is an efficient processing strategy to allocate computational resources for pivotal optical information. However, the hardware implementation of selective visual attention in conventional intelligent system is usually bulky and complex along with high computational cost. Here, programmable ferroelectric bionic vision hardware to emulate the selective attention is proposed. The tunneling effect of photogenerated carriers are controlled by dynamic variation of energy barrier, enabling the modulation of memory strength from 9.1% to 47.1% without peripheral storage unit. The molecular polarization of ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) layer enables a single device not only multiple nonvolatile states but also the implementation of selective attention. With these ferroelectric devices are arrayed together, UV light information can be selectively recorded and suppressed the with high current decibel level. Furthermore, the device with positive polarization exhibits high wavelength dependence in the image attention processing, and the fabricated ferroelectric sensory network exhibits high accuracy of 95.7% in the pattern classification for multi-wavelength images. This study can enrich the neuromorphic functions of bioinspired sensing devices and pave the way for profound implications of future bioinspired optoelectronics.
A Glb1-2A-mCherry reporter monitors systemic aging and predicts lifespan in middle-aged mice
Authors: Sun Jie , Wang Ming , Zhong Yaqi , Ma Xuan , Sun Shimin , Xu Chenzhong , Peng Linyuan , Li Guo , Zhang Liting , Liu Zuojun , Ai Ding , Liu Baohua 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe progressive decline of physiological function and the increased risk of age-related diseases challenge healthy aging. Multiple anti-aging manipulations, such as senolytics, have proven beneficial for health; however, the biomarkers that label in vivo senescence at systemic levels are lacking, thus hindering anti-aging applications. In this study, we generate a Glb1+/m‒Glb1-2A-mCherry (GAC) reporter allele at the Glb1 gene locus, which encodes lysosomal β-galactosidase—an enzyme elevated in tissues of old mice. A linear correlation between GAC signal and chronological age is established in a cohort of middle-aged (9 to 13 months) Glb1+/m mice. The high GAC signal is closely associated with cardiac hypertrophy and a shortened lifespan. Moreover, the GAC signal is exponentially increased in pathological senescence induced by bleomycin in the lung. Senolytic dasatinib and quercetin (D + Q) reduce GAC signal in bleomycin treated mice. Thus, the Glb1-2A-mCherry reporter mice monitors systemic aging and function decline, predicts lifespan, and may facilitate the understanding of aging mechanisms and help in the development of anti-aging interventions.
Open-channel structure of a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel reveals a mechanism of leaflet-specific phospholipid modulation
Authors: Petroff John T. , Dietzen Noah M. , Santiago-McRae Ezry , Deng Brett , Washington Maya S. , Chen Lawrence J. , Trent Moreland K. , Deng Zengqin , Rau Michael , Fitzpatrick James A. J. , Yuan Peng , Joseph Thomas T. , Hénin Jérôme , Brannigan Grace , Cheng Wayland W. L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) mediate synaptic transmission and are sensitive to their lipid environment. The mechanism of phospholipid modulation of any pLGIC is not well understood. We demonstrate that the model pLGIC, ELIC (Erwinia ligand-gated ion channel), is positively modulated by the anionic phospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, from the outer leaflet of the membrane. To explore the mechanism of phosphatidylglycerol modulation, we determine a structure of ELIC in an open-channel conformation. The structure shows a bound phospholipid in an outer leaflet site, and structural changes in the phospholipid binding site unique to the open-channel. In combination with streamlined alchemical free energy perturbation calculations and functional measurements in asymmetric liposomes, the data support a mechanism by which an anionic phospholipid stabilizes the activated, open-channel state of a pLGIC by specific, state-dependent binding to this site.
mTOR inhibition attenuates chemosensitivity through the induction of chemotherapy resistant persisters
Authors: Liu Yuanhui , Azizian Nancy G. , Sullivan Delaney K. , Li Yulin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChemotherapy can eradicate a majority of cancer cells. However, a small population of tumor cells often survives drug treatments through genetic and/or non-genetic mechanisms, leading to tumor recurrence. Here we report a reversible chemoresistance phenotype regulated by the mTOR pathway. Through a genome-wide CRISPR knockout library screen in pancreatic cancer cells treated with chemotherapeutic agents, we have identified the mTOR pathway as a prominent determinant of chemosensitivity. Pharmacological suppression of mTOR activity in cancer cells from diverse tissue origins leads to the persistence of a reversibly resistant population, which is otherwise eliminated by chemotherapeutic agents. Conversely, activation of the mTOR pathway increases chemosensitivity in vitro and in vivo and predicts better survival among various human cancers. Persister cells display a senescence phenotype. Inhibition of mTOR does not induce cellular senescence per se, but rather promotes the survival of senescent cells through regulation of autophagy and G2/M cell cycle arrest, as revealed by a small-molecule chemical library screen. Thus, mTOR plays a causal yet paradoxical role in regulating chemotherapeutic response; inhibition of the mTOR pathway, while suppressing tumor expansion, facilitates the development of a reversible drug-tolerant senescence state.
Patient uptake and outcomes following pharmacist-initiated referrals to general practitioners for asthma review
Authors: Serhal Sarah , Krass Ines , Emmerton Lynne , Bereznicki Bonnie , Bereznicki Luke , Bosnic-Anticevich Sinthia , Saini Bandana , Billot Laurent , Armour Carol 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUptake and outcomes of pharmacist-initiated general practitioner (GP) referrals for patients with poorly controlled asthma were investigated. Pharmacists referred at-risk patients for GP assessment. Patients were categorized as action takers (consulted their GP on pharmacist’s advice) or action avoiders (did not action the referral). Patient clinical data were compared to explore predictors of uptake and association with health outcomes. In total, 58% of patients (n = 148) received a GP referral, of whom 78% (n = 115) were action takers, and 44% (n = 50) reported changes to their asthma therapy. Patient rurality and more frequent pre-trial GP visits were associated with action takers. Action takers were more likely to have an asthma action plan (P = 0.001) at month 12, and had significantly more GP visits during the trial period (P = 0.034). Patient uptake of pharmacist-initiated GP referrals was high and led to GP review and therapy changes in patients with poorly controlled asthma.