bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-speed 4D neutron computed tomography for quantifying water dynamics in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Authors: Ziesche Ralf F. , Hack Jennifer , Rasha Lara , Maier Maximilian , Tan Chun , Heenan Thomas M. M. , Markötter Henning , Kardjilov Nikolay , Manke Ingo , Kockelmann Winfried , Brett Dan J. L. , Shearing Paul R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, low-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells have become an increasingly important pillar in a zero-carbon strategy for curbing climate change, with their potential to power multiscale stationary and mobile applications. The performance improvement is a particular focus of research and engineering roadmaps, with water management being one of the major areas of interest for development. Appropriate characterisation tools for mapping the evolution, motion and removal of water are of high importance to tackle shortcomings. This article demonstrates the development of a 4D high-speed neutron imaging technique, which enables a quantitative analysis of the local water evolution. 4D visualisation allows the time-resolved studies of droplet formation in the flow fields and water quantification in various cell parts. Performance parameters for water management are identified that offer a method of cell classification, which will, in turn, support computer modelling and the engineering of next-generation flow field designs.
Kinetic resolution of cyclic benzylic azides enabled by site- and enantioselective C(sp3)–H oxidation
Authors: Ye Pengbo , Feng Aili , Wang Lin , Cao Min , Zhu Rongxiu , Liu Lei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCatalytic nonenzymatic kinetic resolution (KR) of racemates remains one of the most powerful tools to prepare enantiopure compounds, which dominantly relies on the manipulation of reactive functional groups. Moreover, catalytic KR of organic azides represents a formidable challenge due to the small size and instability of the azido group. Here, an effective KR of cyclic benzylic azides through site- and enantioselective C(sp3)–H oxidation is described. The manganese catalyzed oxidative KR reaction exhibits good functional group tolerance, and is applicable to a range of tetrahydroquinoline- and indoline-based organic azides with excellent site- and enantio-discrimination. Computational studies elucidate that the effective chiral recognition is derived from hydrogen bonding interaction between substrate and catalyst.
Non-specific adhesive forces between filaments and membraneless organelles
Authors: Böddeker Thomas J. , Rosowski Kathryn A. , Berchtold Doris , Emmanouilidis Leonidas , Han Yaning , Allain Frédéric H. T. , Style Robert W. , Pelkmans Lucas , Dufresne Eric R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany membraneless organelles are liquid-like domains that form inside the active, viscoelastic environment of living cells through phase separation. To investigate the potential coupling of phase separation with the cytoskeleton, we quantify the structural correlations of membraneless organelles (stress granules) and cytoskeletal filaments (microtubules) in a human-derived epithelial cell line. We find that microtubule networks are substantially denser in the vicinity of stress granules. When microtubules are depolymerized, the sub-units localize near the surface of the stress granules. We interpret these data using a thermodynamic model of partitioning of particles to the surface and bulk of the droplets. In this framework, our data are consistent with a weak (≲kBT) affinity of the microtubule sub-units for stress granule interfaces. As microtubules polymerize, their interfacial affinity increases, providing sufficient adhesion to deform droplets and/or the network. Our work suggests that proteins and other objects in the cell have a non-specific affinity for droplet interfaces that increases with the contact area and becomes most apparent when they have no preference for the interior of a droplet over the rest of the cytoplasm. We validate this basic physical phenomenon in vitro through the interaction of a simple protein–RNA condensate with microtubules.
A nearly complete database on the records and ecology of the rarest boreal tiger moth from 1840s to 2020
Authors: Bolotov Ivan N. , Gofarov Mikhail Yu. , Koshkin Evgeny S. , Gorbach Vyacheslav V. , Bakhaev Yury I. , Berlov Oleg E. , Gordeev Sergey Yu. , Kolosova Yulia S. , Kondakov Alexander V. , Korshunov Alexey V. , Potapov Grigory S. , Sinev Sergey Yu. , Sleptsov Spiridon S. , Spitsyn Vitaly M. , Strelnikov Evgeny G. , Timchenko Andrey V. , Haverinen Risto , Nupponen Kari , Saarenmaa Hannu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlobal environmental changes may cause dramatic insect declines but over century-long time series of certain species’ records are rarely available for scientific research. The Menetries’ Tiger Moth (Arctia menetriesii) appears to be the most enigmatic example among boreal insects. Although it occurs throughout the entire Eurasian taiga biome, it is so rare that less than 100 specimens were recorded since its original description in 1846. Here, we present the database, which contains nearly all available information on the species’ records collected from 1840s to 2020. The data on A. menetriesii records (N = 78) through geographic regions, environments, and different timeframes are compiled and unified. The database may serve as the basis for a wide array of future research such as the distribution modeling and predictions of range shifts under climate changes. It represents a unique example of a more than century-long dataset of distributional, ecological, and phenological data designed for an exceptionally rare but widespread boreal insect, which primarily occurs in hard-to-reach, uninhabited areas of Eurasia.
Water ecological security assessment and spatial autocorrelation analysis of prefectural regions involved in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Qiu Meng , Zuo Qiting , Wu Qingsong , Yang Zhenlong , Zhang Jianwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo have a more comprehensive understanding of the water ecological security status of the Yellow River Basin, this paper constructs a water ecological security evaluation index system founded on the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model. The indicators are selected by considering factors such as meteorological conditions, population, economy, water resources, water environment, water ecology, land ecology, ecological service functions, pollution control, and capital investment. Then, the “single index quantification-multiple indices syntheses-poly-criteria integration (SMI-P) method was used to determine the water ecological security index (WESI) of 62 cities in the Yellow River Basin, to classify the safety levels, and combined with the spatial autocorrelation analysis to study the regional characteristics. The results prove that: (a) The overall water ecological security of the Yellow River Basin is relatively poor. Half of the 62 cities have reached the second-level warning level, and most of them are concentrated in the upper and middle reaches of the basin. (b) Wetland area is a long-term key factor in the construction of water ecological safety, and the greening rate of built-up areas has an increasing impact on water ecological safety. (c) The overall water ecological security index shows a slow upward trend, with the annual average growth rate was 0.59%. (d) The water ecological security of 62 cities in the Yellow River Basin shows significant spatial autocorrelation. The findings can offer a practical basis for the water ecological management to promote the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.
HydroZitLa inhibits calcium oxalate stone formation in nephrolithic rats and promotes longevity in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lordumrongkiat Nalinthip , Chotechuang Nattida , Prasanth Mani Iyer , Jindatip Depicha , Ma-on Chakriwong , Chuenwisad Kamonchanok , Leelahavanichkul Asada , Tencomnao Tewin , Boonla Chanchai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLow fluid intake, low urinary citrate excretion, and high oxidative stress are main causative factors of calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis. HydroZitLa contains citrate and natural antioxidants and is developed to correct these three factors simultaneously. Antioxidants theoretically can prolong the lifespan of organisms. In this study, we preclinically investigated the antilithogenic, lifespan-extending and anti-aging effects of HydroZitLa in HK-2 cells, male Wistar rats, andCaenorhabditis elegans. HydroZitLa significantly inhibited CaOx crystal aggregation in vitro and reduced oxidative stress in HK-2 cells challenged with lithogenic factors. For experimental nephrolithiasis, rats were divided into four groups: ethylene glycol (EG), EG + HydroZitLa, EG + Uralyt-U, and untreated control. CaOx deposits in kidneys of EG + HydroZitLa and EG + Uralyt-U rats were significantly lower than those of EG rats. Intrarenal expression of 4-hydroxynonenal in EG + HydroZitLa rats was significantly lower than that of EG rats. The urinary oxalate levels of EG + HydroZitLa and EG + Uralyt-U rats were significantly lower than those of EG rats. The urinary citrate levels of EG + HydroZitLa and EG + Uralyt-U rats were restored to the level in normal control rats. InC. elegans, HydroZitLa supplementation significantly extended the median lifespan of nematodes up to 34% without altering feeding ability. Lipofuscin accumulation in HydroZitLa-supplemented nematodes was significantly lower than that of non-supplemented control. Additionally, HydroZitLa inhibited telomere shortening, p16 upregulation, and premature senescence in HK-2 cells exposed to lithogenic stressors. Conclusions, HydroZitLa inhibited oxidative stress and CaOx formation both in vitro and in vivo. HydroZitLa extended the lifespan and delayed the onset of aging inC. elegansand human kidney cells. This preclinical evidence suggests that HydroZitLa is beneficial for inhibiting CaOx stone formation, promoting longevity, and slowing down aging.
An open source toolkit for repurposing Illumina sequencing systems as versatile fluidics and imaging platforms
Authors: Pandit Kunal , Petrescu Joana , Cuevas Miguel , Stephenson William , Smibert Peter , Phatnani Hemali , Maniatis Silas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFluorescence microscopy is a key method in the life sciences. State of the art -omics methods combine fluorescence microscopy with complex protocols to visualize tens to thousands of features in each of millions of pixels across samples. These -omics methods require precise control of temperature, reagent application, and image acquisition parameters during iterative chemistry and imaging cycles conducted over the course of days or weeks. Automated execution of such methods enables robust and reproducible data generation. However, few commercial solutions exist for temperature controlled, fluidics coupled fluorescence imaging, and implementation of bespoke instrumentation requires specialized engineering expertise. Here we present PySeq2500, an open source Python code base and flow cell design that converts the Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument, comprising an epifluorescence microscope with integrated fluidics, into an open platform for programmable applications without need for specialized engineering or software development expertise. Customizable PySeq2500 protocols enable experimental designs involving simultaneous 4-channel image acquisition, temperature control, reagent exchange, stable positioning, and sample integrity over extended experiments. To demonstrate accessible automation of complex, multi-day workflows, we use the PySeq2500 system for unattended execution of iterative indirect immunofluorescence imaging (4i). Our automated 4i method uses off-the-shelf antibodies over multiple cycles of staining, imaging, and antibody elution to build highly multiplexed maps of cell types and pathological features in mouse and postmortem human spinal cord sections. Given the widespread availability of HiSeq 2500 platforms and the simplicity of the modifications required to repurpose these systems, PySeq2500 enables non-specialists to develop and implement state of the art fluidics coupled imaging methods in a widely available benchtop system.
Evaluating the impact of highway construction projects on landscape ecological risks in high altitude plateaus
Authors: Li Chao , Zhang Jingxiao , Philbin Simon P. , Yang Xu , Dong Zhanfeng , Hong Jingke , Ballesteros-Pérez Pablo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn China and other countries, many highway projects are built in extensive and high-altitude flat areas called plateaus. However, research on how the materialisation of these projects produce a series of ecological risks in the landscape is very limited. In this research, a landscape ecological risk analysis model for high-altitude plateaus is proposed. This model is based on the pattern of land uses of the surrounding area. Our study includes buffer analysis, spatial analysis, and geostatistical analysis. We apply the model to the Qumei to Gangba highway, a highway section located in the southeast city of Shigatse at the Chinese Tibet autonomous region. Through global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis, the spatial clustering distribution of ecological risks is also explored. Overall, our study reveals the spatial heterogeneity of ecological risks and how to better mitigate them. According to a comparison of the risk changes in two stages (before and after the highway construction), the impact of highway construction on the ecological environment can be comprehensively quantified. This research will be of interest to construction practitioners seeking to minimize the impact of highway construction projects on the ecological environment. It will also inform future empirical studies in the area of environmental engineering with potential affection to the landscape in high-altitude plateaus.
Supervised machine learning for automatic classification of in vivo scald and contact burn injuries using the terahertz Portable Handheld Spectral Reflection (PHASR) Scanner
Authors: Khani Mahmoud E. , Harris Zachery B. , Osman Omar B. , Zhou Juin W. , Chen Andrew , Singer Adam J. , Arbab M. Hassan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present an automatic classification strategy for early and accurate assessment of burn injuries using terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopic imaging. Burn injuries of different severity grades, representing superficial partial-thickness (SPT), deep partial-thickness (DPT), and full-thickness (FT) wounds, were created by a standardized porcine scald model. THz spectroscopic imaging was performed using our new fiber-coupled Portable HAndheld Spectral Reflection Scanner, incorporating a telecentric beam steering configuration and an f-$$\theta$$
θ
scanning lens. ASynchronous Optical Sampling in a dual-fiber-laser THz spectrometer with 100 MHz repetition rate enabled high-speed spectroscopic measurements. Given twenty-four different samples composed of ten scald and ten contact burns and four healthy samples, supervised machine learning algorithms using THz-TDS spectra achieved areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.88, 0.93, and 0.93 when differentiating between SPT, DPT, and FT burns, respectively, as determined by independent histological assessments. These results show the potential utility of our new broadband THz PHASR Scanner for early and accurate triage of burn injuries.
Effects of varicocele and microsurgical varicocelectomy on the metabolites in semen
Authors: Zhang Xinzong , Deng Cuncan , Liu Wujiang , Liu Huang , Zhou Yu , Li Qianyi , Zheng Houbin , Wang Qiling , Jiang Min , Pang Tao , Ma Chunjie , Huang Cheng , Zhao Qingguo , Tang Yunge 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe influence of varicocele and microsurgical varicocelectomy on semen quality remains unclear. Few studies have investigated the relationship between semen metabolism and the abnormalities in reproductive function caused by varicocele, however, there is no study on the changes of semen metabolism after microsurgical varicocelectomy. Here, we used the non-targeted and targeted metabolic analysis to investigate the different metabolites in seminal plasma within normal, varicocele, and varicocelectomy groups. We clearly showed that varicocele significantly affects semen metabolism, and microsurgical varicocelectomy can reverse this metabolic abnormality. Moreover, we characterized the landscape of three dipeptides in the seminal plasma of patients with varicocele that have not been identified previously in human tissues or biofluids. Interestingly, the levels of these three dipeptides decreased after microsurgical varicocelectomy coincident with an improvement in semen quality. Western blotting confirmed the downregulation of DPEP3 (dipeptidase 3) in the varicocele group and the upregulation of DPEP3 in the varicocelectomy group. Furthermore, we found that eight metabolites may be helpful to distinguish varicocele patients from normal subjects. Our results may be applied to earlier diagnosis or to predict the outcome of microsurgery for varicocele.
Enhanced photo-fenton and photoelectrochemical activities in nitrogen doped brownmillerite KBiFe2O5
Authors: Vavilapalli Durga Sankar , Behara Santosh , Peri Raja Gopal , Thomas Tiju , Muthuraaman B. , Rao M. S. Ramachandra , Singh Shubra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVisible-light-driven photo-fenton-like catalytic activity and photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of nitrogen-doped brownmillerite KBiFe2O5 (KBFO) are investigated. The effective optical bandgap of KBFO reduces from 1.67 to 1.60 eV post N-doping, enabling both enhancement of visible light absorption and photoactivity. The photo-fenton activity of KBFO and N-doped KBFO samples were analysed by degrading effluents like Methylene Blue (MB), Bisphenol-A (BPA) and antibiotics such as Norfloxacin (NOX) and Doxycycline (DOX). 20 mmol of Nitrogen-doped KBFO (20N-KBFO) exhibits enhanced catalytic activity while degrading MB. 20N-KBFO sample is further tested for degradation of Bisphenol-A and antibiotics in the presence of H2O2 and chelating agent L-cysteine. Under optimum conditions, MB, BPA, and NOX, and DOX are degraded by 99.5% (0.042 min-1), 83% (0.016 min-1), 72% (0.011 min-1) and 95% (0.026 min-1) of its initial concentration respectively. Photocurrent density of 20N-KBFO improves to 8.83 mA/cm2 from 4.31 mA/cm2 for pure KBFO. Photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of N-doped KBFO make it a promising candidate for energy and environmental applications.
Combining PEGylated mito-atovaquone with MCT and Krebs cycle redox inhibitors as a potential strategy to abrogate tumor cell proliferation
Authors: Cheng Gang , Hardy Micael , You Ming , Kalyanaraman Balaraman 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGlycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, which are two major energy sources in tumors, are potential targets in cancer treatment. Metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis to mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and vice versa is an adaptive strategy with which tumor cells obtain energy to survive and thrive under the compromised conditions of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Developing highly potent, nontoxic, and tumor-selective oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitors may help advance therapeutic targeting of mitochondrial drugs in cancer. The FDA-approved antimalarial drug atovaquone (ATO), a mitochondrial complex III inhibitor, was repurposed in cancer treatment. Here, we developed a new class of PEGylated mitochondria-targeted ATO (Mito-(PEG)n-ATO). Depending on the PEGylation chain length (n), Mito-PEG-ATO analogs inhibit both mitochondrial complex I- and complex III-induced oxygen consumption in human pancreatic (MiaPaCa-2) and brain (U87MG) cancer cells. Mito-PEG5-ATO is one of the most potent antiproliferative mitochondria-targeted compounds (IC50 = 38 nM) in MiaPaCa-2 cells, and is more effective than other inhibitors of OXPHOS in MiaPaCa-2 and U87MG cells. Furthermore, we show that the combined use of the most potent OXPHOS-targeted inhibitors (Mito-PEG5-ATO) and inhibitors of monocarboxylate transporters (MCT-1 and MCT-4), Krebs cycle redox metabolism, or glutaminolysis will synergistically abrogate tumor cell proliferation. Potential clinical benefits of these combinatorial therapies are discussed.
Photovoltage oscillations in encapsulated graphene
Authors: Iñarrea Jesús , Platero Gloria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe theoretically analyze the rise of photovoltage oscillations in hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN) encapsulated monolayer graphene (h-BN/graphene/h-BN) when irradiated with terahertz radiation. We use an extension of the radiation-driven electron orbit model, successfully applied to study the oscillations obtained in irradiated magnetotransport of GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The extension takes mainly into account that now the carriers are massive Dirac fermions. Our simulations reveal that the photovoltage in these graphene systems presents important oscillations similar to the ones of irradiated magnetoresistance in semiconductor platforms but in the terahertz range. We also obtain that these oscillations are clearly affected by the voltages applied to the sandwiched graphene: a vertical gate voltage between the two hBN layers and an external positive voltage applied to one of the sample sides. The former steers the carrier effective mass and the latter the photovoltage intensity and the oscillations amplitude. The frequency dependence of the photo-oscillations is also investigated.
Comparison of observer based methods for source localisation in complex networks
Authors: Gajewski Łukasz G. , Paluch Robert , Suchecki Krzysztof , Sulik Adam , Szymanski Boleslaw K. , Hołyst Janusz A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn recent years, research on methods for locating a source of spreading phenomena in complex networks has seen numerous advances. Such methods can be applied not only to searching for the “patient zero” in epidemics, but also finding the true sources of false or malicious messages circulating in the online social networks. Many methods for solving this problem have been established and tested in various circumstances. Yet, we still lack reviews that would include a direct comparison of efficiency of these methods. In this paper, we provide a thorough comparison of several observer-based methods for source localisation on complex networks. All methods use information about the exact time of spread arrival at a pre-selected group of vertices called observers. We investigate how the precision of the studied methods depends on the network topology, density of observers, infection rate, and observers’ placement strategy. The direct comparison between methods allows for an informed choice of the methods for applications or further research. We find that the Pearson correlation based method and the method based on the analysis of multiple paths are the most effective in networks with synthetic or real topologies. The former method dominates when the infection rate is low; otherwise, the latter method takes over.
Spin effect on the low-temperature resistivity maximum in a strongly interacting 2D electron system
Authors: Shashkin A. A. , Melnikov M. Yu. , Dolgopolov V. T. , Radonjić M. M. , Dobrosavljević V. , Huang S.-H. , Liu C. W. , Zhu Amy Y. X. , Kravchenko S. V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe increase in the resistivity with decreasing temperature followed by a drop by more than one order of magnitude is observed on the metallic side near the zero-magnetic-field metal-insulator transition in a strongly interacting two-dimensional electron system in ultra-clean SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum wells. We find that the temperature $$T_{\text {max}}$$

T
max

, at which the resistivity exhibits a maximum, is close to the renormalized Fermi temperature. However, rather than increasing along with the Fermi temperature, the value $$T_{\text {max}}$$

T
max

decreases appreciably for spinless electrons in spin-polarizing (parallel) magnetic fields. The observed behaviour of $$T_{\text {max}}$$

T
max

cannot be described by existing theories. The results indicate the spin-related origin of the effect.