bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Malignant Brain Tumor Trends in Southern Iran, 2001- 2017: an alarming increase in glioblastoma
Authors: Soltani Ahmad , Ahrari Iman , Eqbal Meisam , Owji Seyed Hossein , Amin Amir Mousaie , Khosravizadegan Zahra , Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Shahraki Hadi Raeisi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Primary Brain tumors which include a 1.7 percent of all cancers among which glioblastomas are the most lethal and the most frequent malignant types. Ionizing radiation and some genetic factors have been reported as the etiology of such cancers. We are reporting the trends in the Brain tumors with a focus on malignant types and its outcome in the South of the Iran for the first time.Methods: We selected all the patients with primary brain tumors who undergone brain surgery at teaching hospitals the Shiraz Medical School between 2001 and 2017. Data was obtained from Fars Population-based Cancer Registry. ICD-O-3 morphology coding system according to WHO 2007 classification of CNS tumors was used for grouping the tumors. Using SPSS, Total Growth Rate (TGR) and Incidence Rate (IR) were calculated to assess the changes overtime.Results: A total number of 2130 (male: 890, 41.8% and female: 1240, 58.2%) brain tumor cases from 2001 to 2017 were included in this study. The highest Incidence Rate (IR) was found in ‘unspecified tumors of the brain’ (2.74 per 100000) between 2011 and 2015 followed by ‘Astrocytoma’ (1.34 per 100000) between 2006 and 2010) and ‘Glioblastoma’ (1.25 per 100000) between years 2011 and 2016. Additionally, the Glioblastoma showed the highest IR in those aged between 30 and 59 of years (0.42 per 100000). Conclusion: An upward trend in the rate of malignant brain tumors in the Fars province could be an alarm sign for more studies to be done especially from the etiology point of view.
Exploring the Degree of Relative Crystalline and Amorphous Properties of Cellulose Nanofibers by Correlated Graphene-Quenching Raman Spectroscopy with Electrostatic Force Microscopy Technique
Authors: Park Won-Hwa 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Utilizing cellulose nanofibers (CNF) attracts tremendous attention in terms of developing a non-breakable film with high toughness and optically transparent properties. Here, the author introduces a new characterization method in order to compare the relative degree of the crystalline and amorphous characters of CNF by correlating Graphene-Quenching Raman Scattering (GQRS) with Electrostatic Force Microscope (EFM) results. This nano-metrology may pave the new way in quantitatively unraveling the degree of lignin and hemicellulose.
Economic evaluation of home-based counselling to promote exclusive breastfeeding in Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Bassam Y. , Kissimova-Skarbek Katarzyna 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundHome-based counselling interventions to scale up exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates have been shown to be effective in many countries. However, there is limited data regarding its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in the Egyptian context. This study calculates the economic burden of not breastfeeding in Egypt, followed by an economic evaluation of a modelled intervention targeting new mothers to promote exclusive breastfeeding rates for 6 months. MethodsBoth monetary and non-monetary units of measurement were used to estimate the burden attributed to non-EBF due to diarrheal diseases, lower respiratory tract infections, and acute otitis media. Morbidity and mortality indicators: incidence, prevalence, and deaths were calculated then time lost measures. In addition, both the cost of illness and the value of statistical life approaches were used to reflect the burden of the diseases attributed to non-EBF in monetary terms. A modelled home-based breastfeeding counselling intervention is adopted from the literature. The effectiveness of this intervention was based on 4 scenarios of decreasing the DALYs lost due to the 3 diseases attributed to non-EBF by 40%, 20%, 10%, and 5%. This is followed by conducting different economic evaluation analyses: cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, and cost-benefit analysis to determine the cost-effectiveness of this intervention. ResultsThe cost of illness approach was calculated to be about 1.8 billion EGP in 2019. However, the value of statistical life approach revealed that the society’s willingness to pay to avoid the DALYs lost due to 3 diseases attributed to non-EBF ranged from 10 to 32 billion EGP. All the economic evaluation analyses showed that this home-based counselling intervention is cost-effective to scale up breastfeeding rates in Egypt with an incremental cos-utility ratio (ICUR) ranges from 5,520 to 44,158 EGP per each DALY averted. In addition, it will lead to annual benefits up to 12.4 billion EGP and a return on investment up to 28.8 EGP for each 1 EGP invested in this intervention. ConclusionHome-based counselling intervention is a very cost-effective intervention in promoting exclusive breastfeeding rates in Egypt. It is also a good investment for the government with a significant return on investment and huge cost savings.
Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Reverse Insulin Resistance Through Inhibition of M1 Expression in a Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mouse Model
Authors: Chen Lee-Wei , Chen Pei-Hsuan , Yen Jui-Hung 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Adipose tissue inflammation is considered as one of the major mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and complications in diabetes. Here, we aimed to study the effects of adipose-derived stromal cells on diabetes-induced insulin resistance and M1 cytokine expression.
Methods
Stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) purified from the inguinal adipose tissue of diabetic mice were treated with plasma from either non-diabetic (Lepr+/+) or diabetic (Leprdb/db) mice and injected into the inguinal white adipose tissue of Leprdb/db mice.
Results
We found that diabetic plasma treatment induced, whereas non-diabetic plasma suppressed, TNF-α, IL-1β, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) mRNA expression in SVFs in vitro. Importantly, the injection of non-diabetic plasma-treated SVFs significantly decreased TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CCL2 and IL-33, and induced IL-10 mRNA expression in adipose tissue of Leprdb/db mice in vivo. Furthermore, we observed that non-diabetic plasma-treated SVFs increased mRNA expression of Foxp3 in adipose tissue macrophages, and suppressed mRNA expression of ICAM-1, FMO3, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, TNF-α and DPP4 as well as protein expression of DPP4 and phosphorylated JNK and NF-κB in the liver of Leprdb/db mice. Moreover, we found that non-diabetic plasma-treated SVFs increased Akt activation following insulin administration and attenuated glucose intolerance in Leprdb/db mice.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that non-diabetic plasma inhibits M1 but increases M2 cytokine expression in adipose tissue of diabetic mice. Most importantly, our findings reveal that non-diabetic plasma-treated SVFs are capable of mitigating diabetes-induced plasma DPP4 activity, liver inflammation, and insulin resistance, and that may be mediated through suppressing M1 cytokines but increasing IL-10 and Foxp3 expression in adipose tissue. Altogether, our findings suggest that adipose stromal cell-based therapy could potentially be developed as an efficient therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetes.
Late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI) in Schima superba: pollen-ovary interactions and signaling to trigger PCD in incompatible pollen
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yang Hanbo , Zhou Zhichun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
In angiosperm, Self-incompatibility (SI) is a common and widespread mechanism for plant preventing inbreeding risk and late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI) is even more ancestral conserved. In this work, we worked on Schima superba, one species in Theaceae, commercially important timer and fire-resistant tree species and revealed its LSI mechanism.
Results
The self-pollen tubes grew to the bottom of the stylus and enter ovary until 48h, but failed to penetrate the ovule. Meanwhile, the hormone and peroxidase levels were dramatically changed. Transcriptome and proteome analysis explored the molecular mechanisms of LSI and candidate genes related to LSI in S.superba. Overall 586.71 million reads were obtained and 79,642 (39.08%) unigenes were annotated. KEGG and GO showed that 4531 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 82 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were at 48h in self- (SP) vs outcross-pollination (OP). Among these, 160 DEGs and 33 DEPs involved in pollen-pistil interaction. The “pollen-pistil interaction”, “signal recognition” and “component of membrane” were downregulated in SP whereas the “cell wall and membrane biosynthetic process”, “oxidoreductase activity” were upregulated. The DEGs involved with S-RNases and SCF during SP suggested that the LSI was happened at 48h ovary, and the LSI in S.superba was under gametophyte control. The calcium ion increase-releasement and F-actin depolymerization initiated metacaspases-1 activity and lead to PCD progress. Also, mitochondrial function loss and ROS disruption further aggravated the PCD progress and cell death. Cell wall biosynthetic progress upregulated and cellulose synthase downregulated could lead to ovary xylification and withering.
Conclusions
The LSI of S.superba which happened at 48h after pollination was key time point. The incompatibility PT ceased growth in ovary because of the S-RNase recognition and PCD happened in this organ. This study highlight the LSI molecular mechanism in S.superba and also gave a reference to other species in Theaceae.
Identification of the WRKY Group I Genes and the Functional Analysis of GhWRKY138 in Cotton Pigment Gland Development
Authors: Qu Da , Dai Yuanli , Liu Shang , Peng Fanjia , Lv Limin , Zhang Youping , Wang Qiaolian , Zuo Dongyun , Song Guoli , Cheng Hailiang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
WRKY transcription factors have various functions in leaf senescence, plant maturation, adaptation to stress and regulation of secondary metabolism. However, the relationship between WRKY family and cotton pigment gland development remains unclear.
Result
In this study, 36 WRKY group I genes were identified in G. hirsutum L. Expression pattern analysis showed that GhWRKY138 of WRKY group I had a large difference in expression between glanded and glandless plants. Virus-induced gene silencing experiments showed that the number of glands decreased significantly with gene silencing. At the same time, we found that the expression of GhMYC2-like, a key gene regulating pigment gland development, also decreased with the decrease of GhWRKY138.
Conclusion
GhWRKY138 may involved in the formation and development of cotton glands. This study explored the possible relationship between the WRKY transcription factor family and gland development, which further enriched the connotation of the biological function of WRKY genes. These studies provide new insights into the mechanism of gland development.
Temporizing cast immobilization is a safe alternative to external fixation in ankle fracture- dislocation while posterior malleolar fragment size predicts loss of reduction: A Case Control Study
Authors: Gerlach Rene , Toepfer Andreas , Jacxsens Matthijs , Zdravkovic Viliam , Potocnik Primoz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUNDTo determine whether and for whom temporizing cast immobilization is a safe alternative to external fixator (ex-fix) in ankle fracture-dislocations with delayed surgery or moderate soft-tissue injury, we analysed the early complications and re-dislocation rates of cast immobilization in relation to ex-fix in patients sustaining these injuries.METHODSAll skeletally mature patients with a closed ankle fracture-dislocation and a minimum 6-months follow-up treated between 2007 and 2017 were included. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, injury description, treatment history and complications were assessed. RESULTSIn 160 patients (94 female; mean age 50 years) with 162 ankle fracture-dislocations, 35 underwent primary ex-fix and 127 temporizing cast immobilizations. Loss of reduction (LOR) was observed in 25 cases (19.7%) and 19 (15.0%) were converted to ex-fix. The rate of surgical site infections (ex-fix: 11.1% vs cast: 4.6%) and skin necrosis (ex-fix: 7.4% vs cast: 6.5%) did not differ between groups (p = 0.122 and p = 0.825). Temporizing cast immobilization led to an on average 2.7 days earlier definite surgery and 5.0 days shorter hospitalization when compared to ex-fix (p < 0.001). Posterior malleolus fragment (PMF) size predicted LOR with ≥ 22.5% being the threshold for critical PMF-size (p < 0.001).CONCLUSIONTemporizing cast immobilization was a safe option for those ankle fracture-dislocations in which immediate definite treatment was not possible. Those temporized in a cast underwent definite fixation earlier than those with a fix-ex and had a complication rate no worse than the ex-fix patients. PMF-size was an important predictor for LOR. Primary ex-fix seems appropriate for those with ≥ 22.5% PMF-size. Trial registrationThe study doesn’t meet criteria of a prospective, clinical trial. There was no registration.
Invasions of European Tribes During Severe Cold Winters of the Past Three Millennia
Authors: Shen Chuan-Chou , Hu Hsun-Ming , Chen Wei , Milovský Rastislav , Orvošová Monika , Mareková Ľubica , Attila Demény , Asami Ryuji , Mii Horng-Sheng , Chien Yu-Tang , Takayanagi Hideko , Iryu Yasufumi , Spötl Christoph 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Times of turmoil in Europe during past millennia have been linked to hydroclimate variability. The invasion of foreign peoples that hastened the collapse of the Roman Empire, for example, was suggested to have been triggered by precipitation minima. However, the climate evolution of central-east Europe, the cradle of these tribes, remains elusive, thus limiting our understanding of how ancient civilizations responded to climate change. In this study, we present a 3000-year-long winter temperature and precipitation record inferred from a stalagmite in central Slovakia with dating uncertainties as small as ±6 yr. The data reveal that this region experienced seven 100-200 year-long cold intervals during the past three millennia. Three of these intervals with wet winters centered at 350 BC, and 400 and 900 AD coincided with historic invasion events in eastern Europe. These cold intervals were likely triggered by a weakened North Atlantic circulation and concomitant atmospheric blockings over western Europe.
Practice Pattern and Prognostic Effect of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Cho Sungsoo , Kang Do-Yoon , Kim Jung-Sun , Park Duk-Woo , Kim In-Soo , Kang Tae Soo , Ahn Jung-Min , Lee Pil Hyung , Kang Soo-Jin , Lee Seung-Whan , Kim Young-Hak , Lee Cheol Whan , Park Seong-Wook , Lee Seung-Jun , Hong Sung-Jin , Ahn Chul-Min , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Ko Young-Guk , Choi Donghoon , Jang Yangsoo , Hong Myeong-Ki , Park Seung-Jung 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the practice pattern and long-term prognostic effect of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) duration in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) for left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease. Using individual patient-level data from the IRIS-MAIN and KOMATE registries, 1,827 patients undergoing PCI with second-generation DES for LMCA disease with valid information on the DAPT duration were included. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis) and the safety outcome was major bleeding. The DAPT duration was < 6 months (n = 273), 6–12 months (n = 477), 12–24 months (n = 637), and ≥ 24 months (n = 440). The median follow-up duration was 3.9 years (interquartile range, 3.01–5.00 years). The prolonged DAPT duration was associated with lower incidences of MACE. In multi-group propensity score analysis, adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for MACE were significantly higher for DAPT < 6 months and DAPT 6–12 months than for DAPT 12–24 months (HR, 4.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.96–6.88 and HR 1.92; 95% CI, 1.23–3.00)]. There was no difference in the HRs for major bleeding among the assessed groups. In real world registries data, DAPT duration following PCI for LMCA disease varies depending on the characteristics of the patient. Overall, the prolonged DAPT duration was associated with lower incidence of MACE without increased major bleeding.
Priorities for Improvement Across Cancer and Non-cancer Related Preventive Services Among Rural and Non-rural Clinicians
Authors: Brtnikova Michaela , Studts Jamie L. , Robertson Elise , Dickinson L. Miriam , Carroll Jennifer K. , Krist Alex H. , Cronin John T. , Glasgow Russell E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction: A multitude of preventive services is recommended for primary care to conduct – too many for most clinicians to realistically perform. This is especially true in low resource and rural settings, creating challenges to delivering high-quality care. This study collected stakeholder input from clinicians on which services they most need to improve. Methods: We conducted a survey of primary care physicians 9-12/2021, with an emphasis on rural practices, to assess areas in which clinicians felt the greatest needs for improvement. The survey focused on primary prevention (behavior change counseling) and cancer screening, and contrasted needs for improvement for these services vs. other types of screening, and between clinicians in rural vs. non-rural practices.Results: We had 326 respondents from 4 different practice-based research networks, a wide range of practice types, 49 states and included 177 clinicians in rural settings. Respondents rated the need to improve delivery of primary prevention counseling services highest, with needs for nutrition and dietary assessment and counseling rated highest followed by physical activity and with almost no differences between rural and nonrural. Needs for improvement in cancer screenings were rated higher than non-cancer screenings, except for blood pressure screening. Conclusions: Both rural and nonrural primary care clinicians feel a need for improvement, especially with primary prevention activities. Although future research is needed to replicate these findings with different populations and other types of preventive service activities, greater priority should be given to development of practical, stakeholder informed assistance and resources for primary care to conduct primary prevention.
Risk factors and postnatal biomarkers for acute placental inflammatory lesions and intrauterine infections in preterm infants
Authors: Liu Die , Liu Jing , Ye Fang , Su Yunchao , Cheng Jiaoying , Zhang Qi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To explore risk factors of acute placental inflammatory lesions and the potential postnatal serum biomarkers for predicting the severity of intrauterine infection in preterm infants.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of premature infants with or without acute placental inflammatory lesions and their mothers by chart review for clinical data and placental histopathology. Results: The preterm infants with acute placental inflammatory lesions had a higher rate of premature rupture of membranes (PROM), a longer duration of PROM, and a higher level of serum sialic acid (SIA) than that of the non-inflammation group (all p<0.001). According to the different inflammatory histological structures, preterm infants with funisitis had a dominant longer duration of PROM than that of others (p<0.05), and their gestational age was youngest among all the infants (p<0.05). Furthermore, they had the highest content of serum SIA above other groups. The preterm infants in the acute histological chorioamnionitis group showed a similar trend of clinical manifestation and laboratory parameters with the funisitis group. Moreover, the closer the placental lesions were to the fetus, the lower the gestational age of preterm infants was, and the higher the serum SIA content was.Conclusion: We utilized a simple and precise anatomically category method of placental inflammatory histopathology for pediatricians to distinguish the extent of fetal inflammatory response for representing early-onset infectious diseases of preterm infants. SIA might be one of the potential early-stage serum biomarkers to reflect the severe intrauterine infections and could guide the postnatal anti-infection treatment.
Corrective Role of Argyreia Nervosa in Histological Architecture of Testis Against STZ Induced Experimental Diabetic Male Wister Rats.
Authors: Arunagiri Saranya , Srinivasan  , Maheshwari  
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective: The present study to findout the role of primary phytochemical constituents present in ethanol extracts of Argyreia nervosa resulting on a hyperglycemic males induced infertility. The objective of the study to evaluate the protective role ehanol extract against STZ induced histopathological changes testis. Methods: Primilinary phytochemical analysis was done to findout the primary and secondary phytoconstituents persent in ethanol extracts of argyreia nervosa. In this study the diabetic model was created by given 40 mg/kg/bw of stz to animals. After the induction the animals blood glucose levels were monitored and noted the hyperglycemic level in blood. After confirmation of blood glucose level the ethanol extracts of argyeria nervosa and was given orally. The dosage of drug was (200 ,400 mg/kg/bw) Daily for 60 days. Total experimental period was 60 days. After the experimental period the tissues were collected and done histopathology study for testis.Results: Ethanol extracts contains more phytochemical constituents such as tannins, phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, beta carotene, etc. The constituents contain more antioxidant property when compare with methanol and petroleum ether extract. End of the experiment, the blood glucose level was decreased in argyreia nervosa treated groups, when compare with untreated stz group. The serum testosterone levels were increased when compared with stz induced group. The histopathological study reveals that the argyreia nervosa (200&400 mg/kg/bw) treated groups shows significant changes in testis when compare with the stz induced diabetic groups. Conclusion: From the present study, it was observed that the ethanol extract of argyreia nervosa lower the blood glucose level in hyperglycemic patients and the herbal have the beneficial effects against hyperglycemic induced infertility in male patients. Due to its aphrodisiac properties is well agreed with activites like adaptogenic, aphrodisiac and it might be contributed. The argyreia nervosa extracts contains potent antioxidants which is addition to enhancing the sperm density and sperm quality and minimize the damage to sperm cells reactive oxygen species by scavenging free radicals resulting from excessive oxidative damage.
Time correlation function and average energy of molecules in presence of Deng-Fan potential in a moving boundary
Authors: Nath Debraj , Roy Amlan K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
For the Deng-Fan potential within a moving boundary condition, the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is considered analytically. The eigenvalue equation is solved by using a combination of Pekeris and Greene-Aldrich approximations. Various time-dependent quantities including density distribution function, auto-correlation function, disequilibrium, average energy, quantum similarity, quantum similarity index are obtained for selected eight diatomic molecules. The motion of the peak of soliton with moving boundary condition is investigated for ground states of some diatomic molecules along with the corresponding peak values.