bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimorbidity is associated with the income, education, employment and health domains of area-level deprivation in adult residents in the UK
Authors: Knies Gundi , Kumari Meena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEvidence suggests that there are social inequalities in multimorbidity, with a recent review indicating that area levels of deprivation are consistently associated with greater levels of multimorbidity. Definitions of multimorbidity, the most common of which is the co-occurrence of more than one long term condition, can include long term physical conditions, mental health conditions or both. The most commonly used measure of deprivation in England and Wales is the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), an index of seven different deprivation domains. It is unclear which features of IMD may be mediating associations with multimorbidity. Thus, there may be associations because of the individual characteristics of those living in deprived areas, characteristics of the areas themselves or overlap in definitions. Data from over 25,000 participants (aged 16+) ofUnderstanding Society(Wave 10, 1/2018–3/2020) were used to understand the most salient features of multimorbidity associated with IMD and whether physical or mental conditions are differentially associated with the seven domains of IMD. 24% of participants report multimorbidity. There is an increased prevalence of multimorbidity composed of only long-term physical conditions in the most deprived decile of deprivation (22%, 95% CI[19,25]) compared to the least deprived decile (16%, 95% CI[14,18]). Mental health symptoms but not reporting of conditions vary by decile of IMD. Associations with multimorbidity are limited to the health, income, education and employment domains of IMD. We conclude that multimorbidity represents a substantial population burden, particularly in the most deprived areas in England and Wales.
Brønsted acidity in zeolites measured by deprotonation energy
Authors: Trachta Michal , Bulánek Roman , Bludský Ota , Rubeš Miroslav 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAcid forms of zeolites have been used in industry for several decades but scaling the strength of their acid centers is still an unresolved and intensely debated issue. In this paper, the Brønsted acidity strength in aluminosilicates measured by their deprotonation energy (DPE) was investigated for FAU, CHA, IFR, MOR, FER, MFI, and TON zeolites by means of periodic and cluster calculations at the density functional theory (DFT) level. The main drawback of the periodic DFT is that it does not provide reliable absolute values due to spurious errors associated with the background charge introduced in anion energy calculations. To alleviate this problem, we employed a novel approach to cluster generation to obtain accurate values of DPE. The cluster models up to 150 T atoms for the most stable Brønsted acid sites were constructed on spheres of increasing diameter as an extension of Harrison’s approach to calculating Madelung constants. The averaging of DPE for clusters generated this way provides a robust estimate of DPE for investigated zeolites despite slow convergence with the cluster size. The accuracy of the cluster approach was further improved by a scaled electrostatic embedding scheme proposed in this work. The electrostatic embedding model yields the most reliable values with the average deprotonation energy of about 1245 ± 9 kJ·mol−1 for investigated acidic zeolites. The cluster calculations strongly indicate a correlation between the deprotonation energy and the zeolite framework density. The DPE results obtained with our electrostatic embedding model are highly consistent with the previously reported QM/MM and periodic calculations.
Reconfigurable fiber-to-waveguide coupling module enabled by phase-change material incorporated switchable directional couplers
Authors: Bhandari Bishal , Lee Sang-Shin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn silicon photonics, grating-assisted fiber-to-waveguide couplers provide out-of-plane coupling to facilitate wafer-level testing; however, their limited bandwidth and efficiency restrict their use in broadband applications. Alternatively, end-fire couplers overcome these constraints but require a dicing process prior usage, which makes them unsuitable for wafer-level testing. To address this trade-off, a reconfigurable fiber-to-waveguide coupling module is proposed and designed to allow for both grating-assisted and end-fire coupling in the same photonic circuit. The proposed module deploys a switchable directional coupler incorporating a thin layer of phase-change material, whose state is initially amorphous to render the coupler activated and hence facilitate grating-assisted coupling for wafer-level testing. The state can be altered into crystalline through a low-temperature annealing process to deactivate the directional coupler, thus facilitating broadband chip-level coupling through end-fire couplers. All the components encompassing conjoined switchable directional couplers as well as the grating and end-fire couplers were individually designed through rigorous simulations. They were subsequently assembled to establish the proposed reconfigurable coupling module, which was simulated and analyzed to validate the selective coupling operation. The proposed module gives rise to a low excess loss below 1.2 dB and a high extinction ratio over 13 dB throughout the C-band, when operating either under grating-assisted or end-fire input. The proposed reconfigurable coupling module is anticipated to be a practical solution for flexibly expediting the inspection of integrated photonic circuits on a wafer scale.
Progressive compressive sensing of large images with multiscale deep learning reconstruction
Authors: Kravets Vladislav , Stern Adrian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCompressive sensing (CS) is a sub-Nyquist sampling framework that has been employed to improve the performance of numerous imaging applications during the last 15 years. Yet, its application for large and high-resolution imaging remains challenging in terms of the computation and acquisition effort involved. Often, low-resolution imaging is sufficient for most of the considered tasks and only a fraction of cases demand high resolution, but the problem is that the user does not know in advance when high-resolution acquisition is required. To address this, we propose a multiscale progressive CS method for the high-resolution imaging. The progressive sampling refines the resolution of the image, while incorporating the already sampled low-resolution information, making the process highly efficient. Moreover, the multiscale property of the progressively sensed samples is capitalized for a fast, deep learning (DL) reconstruction, otherwise infeasible due to practical limitations of training on high-resolution images. The progressive CS and the multiscale reconstruction method are analyzed numerically and demonstrated experimentally with a single pixel camera imaging system. We demonstrate 4-megapixel size progressive compressive imaging with about half the overall number of samples, more than an order of magnitude faster reconstruction, and improved reconstruction quality compared to alternative conventional CS approaches.
Biliverdin regulates NR2E3 and zebrafish retinal photoreceptor development
Authors: Connor Blaine , Titialii-Torres Kayla , Rockenhaus Abigail E. , Passamonte Samuel , Morris Ann C. , Lee Young-Sam 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNR2E3 is an orphan nuclear receptor whose loss-of-function causes abnormal retinal photoreceptor development and degeneration. However, despite that many nuclear receptors are regulated by binding of small molecule ligands, biological small molecule ligands regulating NR2E3 have not been identified. Identification of an endogenous NR2E3 ligand might reveal a previously unrecognized component contributing to retinal development and maintenance. Here we report that biliverdin, a conserved green pigment from heme catabolism, regulates NR2E3 and is necessary for zebrafish retinal photoreceptor development. Biliverdin from retinal extracts specifically bound to NR2E3’s ligand-binding domain and induced NR2E3-dependent reporter gene expression. Inhibition of biliverdin synthesis decreased photoreceptor cell populations in zebrafish larvae, and this phenotype was alleviated by exogenously supplied biliverdin. Thus, biliverdin is an endogenous small molecule ligand for NR2E3 and a component necessary for the proper development of photoreceptor cells. This result suggests a possible role of heme metabolism in the regulation of retinal photoreceptor cell development.
Reduced expression of lncRNA DLEU7-AS1 is a novel favorable prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wang Cui-zhu , Ma Bei-bei , Xu Zi-jun , Zhou Jing-dong , Zhang Ting-juan , Chen Qin , Yao Dong-ming , Lin Jiang , Qian Jun , Sha Suo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The objective of our study was to measure DLEU7-AS1 expression in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) whilst also analyzing its clinical relevance. We used gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEx) to assess the expression profile of DLEU7-AS1 in pan-cancers, cancer cell lines and normal tissues. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to measure DLEU7-AS1 expression in bone marrow from 30 normal individuals and 110 patients with de novo AML. DLEU7-AS1 expression was found to be markedly reduced in the AML samples of the TCGA pan-cancer datasets. In our PCR validation, DLEU7-AS1 expression was significantly decreased in the AML samples compared with that in controls (P&lt;0.001). Low DLEU7-AS1 expression (DLEU7-AS1low) correlated positively with lower blood platelet counts (P=0.029). In addition, low DLEU7-AS1 expression was more frequently observed in the intermediate (58%; 44/76) and favorable karyotypes (65%; 15/23) compared with that in the poor karyotype (10%; 1/10; P=0.005). In particular, patients with high expression levels of DLEU7-AS1 (DLEU7-AS1high) showed lower complete remission rates (P=0.002) than patients with DLEU7-AS1low. Survival analysis revealed that patients with DLEU7-AS1low had longer overall survival (OS) than patients with DLEU7-AS1high (P&lt;0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that in patients with non-acute promyelocytic leukemia (non-M3) who were ≤60 years old, DLEU7-AS1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS. Furthermore, we found distinct correlations among the expression of DLEU7-AS1, infiltration by immune cells and immune checkpoint genes in AML.
Which factors make Barrett’s esophagus lesions difficult to diagnose?
Authors: Tanaka Ippei , Hirasawa Dai , Suzuki Kenjiro , Unno Syuhei , Inoue Shin , Ito Satoshi , Togashi Jyunichi , Akahira Junichi , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Matsuda Tomoki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Although the Japan Esophageal Society’s magnifying endoscopic classification for Barrett’s epithelium (JES-BE) offers high diagnostic accuracy, some cases are challenging to diagnose as dysplastic or non-dysplastic in daily clinical practice. Therefore, we investigated the diagnostic accuracy of this classification and the clinicopathological features of Barrett’s esophagus cases that are difficult to diagnose correctly.
Patients and methods Five endoscopists with experience with fewer than 10 cases of magnifying observation for superficial Barrett’s esophageal carcinoma reviewed 132 images of Barrett’s mucosa or carcinoma (75 dysplastic and 57 non-dysplastic cases) obtained using high-definition magnification endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI). They diagnosed each image as dysplastic or non-dysplastic according to the JES-BE classification, and the diagnostic accuracy was calculated. To identify risk factors for misdiagnosed images, images with a correct rate of less than 40 % were defined as difficult-to-diagnose, and those with 60 % or more were defined as easy-to-diagnose. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for difficult-to-diagnose images.
Results The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy were 67 %, 80 % and 73 %, respectively. Of the 132 ME-NBI images, 34 (26 %) were difficult-to-diagnose and 99 (74 %) were easy-to-diagnose. Logistic regression analysis showed low-grade dysplasia (LGD) and high-power magnification images were each significant risk factors for difficult-to-diagnose images (OR: 6.80, P = 0.0017 and OR: 3.31, P = 0.0125, respectively).
Conclusions This image assessment study suggested feasibility of the JES-BE classification for diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus by non-expert endoscopists and risk factors for difficult diagnosis as high-power magnification and LGD histology. For non-experts, high-power magnification images are better evaluated in combination with low-power magnification images.
The Synthesis of 5-Hydroxybenzofurans via Tandem In Situ Oxidative Coupling and Cyclization
Authors: Lin Zhongren , Tong Lingfeng , Chen Niangen , Yu Xinhong , Qiu Hong , Li Zheyao , Shen Lunhua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA series of 5-hydroxybenzofurans have been prepared by PIDA-mediated oxidation and coupling cyclization of β-dicarbonyl compounds and hydroquinones. The reaction functionalizes C(sp2)–H of hydroquinones directly with yields of target molecules up to 96%.
Cardiovagal Modulation in Young and Older Male Adults Following Acute
Aerobic Exercise
Authors: Marôco João Luís , Pinto Marco , Laranjo Sérgio , Santa-Clara Helena , Fernhall Bo , Melo Xavier 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe compared response patterns of cardiovagal modulation through heart-rate
variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) indices at 10 and
60 min after an acute bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)
and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in active young and older
adults. Twelve young (aged 20–40 years) and older (aged 57–76
years) healthy and active male adults performed an isocaloric acute bout of
HIIE, MICE, or a non-exercise condition in a randomized order. HRV and BRS
indices were analyzed offline with R-R intervals obtained from a supine
position. HIIE decreased natural logarithm (Ln) standard deviation of NN
intervals (d=−0.53; 95% CI: −0.77 to
−0.30 ms, p<0.001), Ln-root mean square of successive
differences (d=−0.85; 95% CI: −1.09 to
−0.61 ms, p<0.001), Ln-high-frequency power
(d=−1.60; 95% CI: −2.11 to −1.10
ms2; p<0.001), and BRS (d=−6.28;
95% CI: −8.91 to −3.64 ms/mmHg,
p<0.001) after exercise in young and older adults, whereas MICE
did not. Indices returned to baseline after 60 min. We found no evidence
of age-associated response patterns in HRV or BRS to a single bout HIIE or MICE
in active participants. HIIE reduced cardiovagal modulation in active young and
older adults, returning to baseline values 60 min into recovery.
Deep-sea movement patterns of the Patagonian toothfish
Authors: Lee Brendon , Skeljo Frane , Randhawa Haseeb S. , Arkhipkin Alexander 
Published: May 2022

Context Knowledge on movement patterns within marine fish populations are essential for understanding key aspects of their biology, distribution and stock structure. Many deep-sea fish species possess complex life-history patterns with distributions occurring across vast areas. The nature of connectivity at different life-history stages in a dynamic Patagonian toothfish population on the Patagonian Shelf, Slope and deep-sea plateau around the Falkland Islands remains speculative. Aims We aimed to elucidate the movement patterns as well as the extent that these are driving connectivity during the adult life-history stages of Patagonian toothfish in the region. Methods A 5+-year tag–recapture program was executed and data were analysed using generalised additive models. Key results The majority of individuals (77.59%) displayed high site fidelity (<50 km), suggesting that seasonal spawning migrations are uncommon. However, 9.91% of individuals undertook large-distance movements across oceanographic and physical boundaries. These were characterised by large (>120 cm) fish inhabiting the slope and deep-sea plains (north of 52°S) undertaking southward (direction = 150–240°) home-range relocations to spawning areas. Conclusions and implications The results provide compelling evidence to a single Patagonian toothfish metapopulation, with important considerations in terms of the spawning stock dynamics, and the development of regional management agreements across their Patagonian distribution.
Regulation mechanisms of the dual ATPase in KaiC
Authors: Furuike Yoshihiko , Mukaiyama Atsushi , Koda Shin-ichi , Simon Damien , Ouyang Dongyan , Ito-Miwa Kumiko , Saito Shinji , Yamashita Eiki , Nishiwaki-Ohkawa Taeko , Terauchi Kazuki , Kondo Takao , Akiyama Shuji 
Published: May 2022

Significance
KaiC, a core clock protein in the cyanobacterial circadian clock system, hydrolyzes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at two distinct sites in a slow but ordered manner to measure the circadian timescale. We used biochemical and structural biology techniques to characterize the properties and interplay of dual-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) active sites. Our results show that the N-terminal and C-terminal ATPases communicate with each other through an interface between the N-terminal and C-terminal domains in KaiC. The dual-ATPase sites are regulated rhythmically in a concerted or opposing manner dependent on the phase of the circadian clock system, controlling the affinities of KaiC for other clock proteins, KaiA and KaiB.
A two-component protein condensate of the EGFR cytoplasmic tail and Grb2 regulates Ras activation by SOS at the membrane
Authors: Lin Chun-Wei , Nocka Laura M. , Stinger Brittany L. , DeGrandchamp Joseph B. , Lew L. J. Nugent , Alvarez Steven , Phan Henry T. , Kondo Yasushi , Kuriyan John , Groves Jay T. 
Published: May 2022

Significance
Two-dimensional condensates of proteins on the membrane surface, driven by tyrosine phosphorylation, are beginning to emerge as important players in signal transduction. This work describes discovery of a protein condensation phase transition of EGFR and Grb2 on membrane surfaces, which is poised to have a significant impact on how we understand EGFR signaling and misregulation in disease. EGFR condensation is mediated through a Grb2-Grb2 crosslinking element, which itself is regulatable through a specific phosphotyrosine site on Grb2. Furthermore, the EGFR condensate exerts significant control over the ability of SOS to activate Ras, thus implicating the EGFR condensate as a regulator of signal propagation from EGFR to Ras and the MAPK pathway.
The distal C terminus of the dihydropyridine receptor β1asubunit is essential for tetrad formation in skeletal muscle
Authors: Dayal Anamika , Perni Stefano , Franzini-Armstrong Clara , Beam Kurt G. , Grabner Manfred 
Published: May 2022

SignificanceVertebrate skeletal muscle excitation–contraction coupling (ECC) is based on Ca2+-influx–independent interchannel cross-talk between DHPR and RyR1. The skeletal muscle DHPR complex consists of the main, voltage-sensing, and pore-forming α1Ssubunit, the auxiliary β1a, α2δ-1, γ1subunits, and Stac3. The DHPRβ1asubunit plays an essential role in full triad targeting of DHPRα1S, voltage sensing, and tetrad formation (grouping of four DHPRs)—the three prerequisites for skeletal muscle ECC. Hence, a lack of DHPRβ1aresults in a lethal phenotype in both β1-null mice and zebrafish. Here, we identified the nonconserved, distal C terminus of DHPRβ1aas playing a pivotal role in the formation of DHPR tetrads, and thus allosteric DHPR–RyR1 coupling, essential for proper skeletal muscle ECC.
Micromagnetic manipulation and spin excitation of skyrmionic structures
Authors: Bo Lan , Hu Chenglong , Zhao Rongzhi , Zhang Xuefeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions have attracted signficant research interest across a wide range of fields, from condensed matter physics to material science, since the first observation in 2009. Abundant theoretical, computational, and experimental studies have contributed to this emerging interdiscipline: skyrmionics. In particular, great expectations have been placed on exploiting the physics and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions as potential information carriers. In this paper, we particularly focus on the computational studies of skyrmions during the last decade. After briefly introducing the mechanism of micromagnetic simulations, we review and discuss the manipulation of skyrmions, i.e. their creation, transformation, motion, and spin excitation, by both traditional and advanced methods, including electric currents, magnetic fields, spin waves, microwaves, etc. We take magnetic skyrmion as a typical example, while other skyrmion-related magnetic structures such as skyrmioniums and skyrmion tubes are also slightly involved. Through this review, we hope to give some insights into the further development of magnetic skyrmions in spintronics.
Motor imagery classification method based on long and short windows interception
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Yan Peirong , Zhang Shuailei , Zheng Dezhi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) based motor imagery (MI) brain-computer interface (BCI) has emerged as a promising tool for communication and control. Most MI classification methods use fixed-length time windows to intercept signals and perform subsequent analyses. However, the fixed-length time window interception method can not achieve optimal performance due to significant differences in the multiple imagining tasks of the same subject. In this paper, we present a novel interception method using long and short windows (LSWs). This method takes advantage of the subject’s motor imaginary strength at different times of the task to select specific time windows corresponding to the most salient features. The features corresponding to the selected time windows are used for the final MI classification. We compare the proposed LSW interception method with the fixed-length time window method on a public EEG dataset (BCI competition IV dataset 1) and a self-collected dataset. The results show that the classification accuracies are improved with the LSW interception method on both datasets. When using the support vector machine (SVM) classifier, the classification accuracy of common spatial pattern with the LSW method achieves 2.57% and 1.12% improvement on two datasets, respectively, and the classification accuracy of filter bank common spatial pattern (FBCSP) with the LSW method achieves 0.93% and 1.48% improvement, respectively. Among them, the classification accuracy of the LSW method with FBCSP and SVM is the highest, which is 93.43% and 91.12%, respectively. Compared with the traditional methods, this method significantly increases the classification accuracy and provides a new idea for researching the MI classification method in BCI.
Fault diagnosis method of rotating bearing based on improved ensemble empirical mode decomposition and deep belief network
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Wang Jie-Sheng , Sun Wei-Zhen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Based on the analysis of the bearing rotating speed feature and the vibration analysis technique, a novel fault diagnosis method of rotating bearing by adopting improved ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and deep belief network (DBN) was proposed. Firstly, the EEMD method is adopted to decompose the collected vibration data into the combination of the several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Then the spectrum of IMF components and the spectrum of original data are compared to eliminate the false components and interference signals. Because the redundant extreme points or pseudo-extreme points seriously affect the construction of the mean curve of EEMD algorithm, three methods are put forward to eliminate the pseudo extreme points and the redundancy extreme points so as to improve the algorithm performance. Finally, the remaining IMF components are entered into the DBN to extract the data features and realize the fault diagnosis. Simulation results on the rolling bearing data of the Bearing Data Center in Case Western Reserve University show the effective of the proposed method.