bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pharmacometrics model to define docetaxel target in early breast cancer
Authors: Aldaz Azucena , Schaiquevich Paula , Aramendía José Manuel 
Published: September 2022

AimsWe aimed to study the relation between pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of docetaxel in early breast cancer and recommend a target exposure.MethodsA PK/PD study was performed in 27 early breast cancer patients treated with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide for 4 cycles followed by 4 cycles of docetaxel 75–100 mg/m2 infused every 21 days. Individual Bayesian estimates of docetaxel PK parameters were obtained using a nonparametric population PK model developed with data from patients with metastatic breast cancer who received dose‐intensified docetaxel (300–350 mg/m2). Docetaxel area under the curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) in each cycle and total cumulative AUC (AUCcum) were calculated and related to the incidence of adverse effects and tumour recurrence.ResultsDocetaxel clearance showed no change over the 4 treatment cycles, but a gradual increase in the volume of distribution was observed. One third of the patients had at least 1 dose reduction of docetaxel due to toxicity. The mean AUC, AUCcum and Cmax in patients showing docetaxel‐associated adverse events were significantly higher than in patients free of toxicity (P < .05). Fatigue and decrease in haemoglobin and haematocrit levels were related to docetaxel AUC and Cmax and pain to AUC. AUC and Cmax >4.5 mg*h/L and 3.5 mg/L, respectively, were risk factors for docetaxel toxicity, while an AUC <4.5 mg*h/L was associated with tumour recurrence.ConclusionWe report for the first time a relation between docetaxel exposure and toxicity and recommend specific targets of drug exposure with implications for the clinical management of early breast cancer patients.
P2X7 receptor activation impairs antitumour activity of natural killer cells
Authors: Baroja‐Mazo Alberto , Peñín‐Franch Alejandro , Lucas‐Ruiz Fernando , de Torre‐Minguela Carlos , Alarcón‐Vila Cristina , Hernández‐Caselles Trinidad , Pelegrín Pablo 
Published: September 2022

Background and purposeA high number of intratumoural infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells is associated with better survival in several types of cancer, constituting an important first line of defence against tumours. Hypoxia in the core of solid tumours induces cellular stress and ATP release into the extracellular space where it triggers purinergic receptor activation on tumour‐associated immune cells. The aim of this study was to assess whether activation of the purinergic receptor P2X7 by extracellular ATP plays a role in the NK cells antitumour activity.Experimental approachWe carried out in vitro experiments using purified human NK cells triggered through P2X7 by extracellular ATP. NK cell killing activity against the tumour target cells K562 was studied by means of NK cytotoxicity assays. Likewise, we designed a subcutaneous solid tumour in vivo mouse model.Key resultsIn this study we found that human NK cells, expressing a functional plasma membrane P2X7, acquired an anergic state after ATP treatment, which impaired their antitumour activity and decreased IFN‐γ secretion. This effect was reversed by specific P2X7 antagonists and pretreatment with either IL‐2 or IL‐15. Furthermore, geneticP2rx7knockdown resulted in improved control of tumour size by NK cells. In addition, IL‐2 therapy restored the ability of NK cells to diminish the size of tumours.Conclusions and implicationsOur results show that P2X7 activation represents a new mechanism whereby NK cells may lose antitumour effectiveness, opening the possibility of generating modified NK cells lacking P2X7 but with improved antitumour capacity.
Developmental traits and life strategy of redlichiid trilobites
Authors: Dai Tao , Zhang Xingliang , Peng Shanchi 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTThe developmental mode of four redlichiid trilobites is summarized, based upon exceptionally well‐preserved, articulated specimens from Cambrian Series 2 (stages 3 and 4) strata in southwestern China and South Australia. These relatively complete developmental sequences indicate a balanced rate in segment increase and addition to the thorax during the meraspid phase, which might explain why most redlichiids possess micropygous body patterning during ontogeny. In addition, an analysis of the size distribution, developmental strategy, and distribution of specimen numbers at different growth stages reveals a distinct developmental strategy during the redlichiid life cycle. A relatively short pre‐holaspid and a prolonged holaspid phase in these redlichiid taxa offers insight into the developmental control and life strategy in these primitive arthropods.
Aptamer‐siRNA chimeras: Promising tools for targeting HER2 signaling in cancer
Authors: Dhanya Chandrasekharan Rajalekshmi , Mary Aarcha Shanmugha , Madhavan Maya 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRNA interference is a transformative approach and has great potential in the development of novel and more efficient cancer therapeutics. Immense prospects exist in the silencing of HER2 and its downstream genes which are overexpressed in many cancers, through exogenously delivered siRNA. However, there is still a long way to exploit the full potential and versatility of siRNA therapeutics due to the challenges associated with the stability and delivery of siRNA targeted to specific sites. Aptamers offer several advantages as a vehicle for siRNA delivery, over other carriers such as antibodies. In this review, we discuss the progress made in the development and applications of aptamer‐siRNA chimeras in HER2 targeting and gene silencing. A schematic workflow is also provided which will provide ample insight for all those researchers who are new to this field. Also, we think that a mechanistic understanding of the HER2 signaling pathway is crucial in designing extensive investigations aimed at the silencing of a wider array of genes. This review is expected to stimulate more research on aptamer‐siRNA chimeras targeted against HER2 which might arm us with potential effective therapeutic interventions for the management of cancer.
Risk factors for the development or progression of diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy: Meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Sarvepalli Swara M. , Bailey Beth A. , D'Alessio David , Lemaitre Madleen , Vambergue Anne , Rathinavelu Jay , Hadziahmetovic Majda 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in the working‐age population, and it increases in severity during pregnancy.MethodsSystematic review of literature from PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science using keywords ‘diabetic retinopathy’ and ‘pregnancy’ and ‘progression’ from inception to 2021 was completed. Included studies were (1) peer‐reviewed observational studies addressing progression/development of DR in pregnancy, (2) provided the number of diabetic patients that developed/progressed in DR during pregnancy, and (3) included differential data on variables between progression and non‐progression groups. This was applied by two independent researchers and referred to a third researcher as necessary. Twenty‐seven of the original 138 studies met this criterion. Data were pooled and analysed using fixed‐effects in meta‐analysis.ResultsFrom 27 studies, 2537 patients were included. Pre‐eclampsia [Risk Ratio (RR) 2.62 (95% CI = 1.72, 4.00)] and hypertension treatment during pregnancy [RR 2.74 (95% CI = 1.72, 4.00)] were significantly associated with the development/progression of DR. HbA1c at baseline [MD 0.82 (95% CI = 0.59, 1.06)], duration of diabetes [mean difference (MD) 5.97 (95% CI = 5.38, 6.57)], and diastolic blood pressure at baseline [MD 3.29 (95% CI = 0.46, 6.12)] were all significantly higher in the progression group while only mean birth weight [MD −0.17 (95% CI = −0.31, −0.03)] was significantly higher in the non‐progression group.ConclusionsThis study fills a gap in the literature and provide physicians with more information on the risk factors associated with the progression of DR in pregnancy and how to counsel this vulnerable patient population appropriately.
Evaluating the impact of caribou habitat restoration on predator and prey movement
Authors: Dickie Melanie , Sherman Geoff G. , Sutherland Glenn D. , McNay Robert S. , Cody Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFragmentation of the boreal forest by linear features, including seismic lines, has destabilized predator–prey dynamics, resulting in the decline of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations. Restoration of human‐altered habitat has therefore been identified as a critical management tool for achieving self‐sustaining woodland caribou populations. However, only recently has testing of the response of caribou and other wildlife to restoration activities been conducted. Early work has centered around assessing changes in wildlife use of restored seismic lines. We evaluated whether restoration reduces the movement rates of predators and their associated prey, which is expected to decrease predator hunting efficiency and ultimately reduce caribou mortality. We developed a new method for using cameras to measure fine‐scale movement by measuring speed as animals traveled between cameras in an array. We used our method to quantify speed of caribou, moose (Alces alces), bears (Ursus americanus), and wolves (Canis lupus) on treated (restored) and untreated seismic lines. Restoration treatments reduced travel speeds along seismic lines of wolves by 1.38 km/h, bears by 0.55 km/h, and caribou by 1.57 km/h, but did not reduce moose travel speeds. Reduced predator and caribou speeds on treated seismic lines are predicted to decrease encounter rates between predators and caribou and thus lower caribou kill rates. However, further work is needed to determine whether reduced movement rates result in reduced encounter rates with prey, and ultimately reduced caribou mortality.
Tutorial: Microbiome studies in drug metabolism
Authors: Dodd Dylan , Cann Isaac 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe human gastrointestinal tract is home to a dense population of microorganisms whose metabolism impacts human health and physiology. The gut microbiome encodes millions of genes, the products of which endow our bodies with unique biochemical activities. In the context of drug metabolism, microbial biochemistry in the gut influences humans in two major ways: (1) by producing small molecules that modulate expression and activity of human phase I and II pathways; and (2) by directly modifying drugs administered to humans to yield active, inactive, or toxic metabolites. Although the capacity of the microbiome to modulate drug metabolism has long been known, recent studies have explored these interactions on a much broader scale and have revealed an unprecedented scope of microbial drug metabolism. The implication of this work is that we might be able to predict the capacity of an individual's microbiome to metabolize drugs and use this information to avoid toxicity and inform proper dosing. Here, we provide a tutorial of how to study the microbiome in the context of drug metabolism, focusing on in vitro, rodent, and human studies. We then highlight some limitations and opportunities for the field.
Impact of smoking bans and other smoking cessation interventions in prisons, mental health and substance use treatment settings: A systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Sourry Rebecca J. , Hyslop Fran , Butler Tony G. , Richmond Robyn L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIssuesWe conducted a systematic review to examine whether smoking bans alone are effective in achieving smoking cessation in people released from prison, and patients discharged from mental health or substance use settings.ApproachWe searched health, criminology and social science databases. Detailed search strings were used to combine terms related to smoking bans and cessation interventions in prison, mental health and substance use treatment settings. We used backward and forward snowballing and manual hand searching to find additional studies. Studies were included if they: were published between 1 January 2000 and 25 February 2022; included a complete smoking ban; measured people released from prison and/or mental health and/or substance use patients smoking post‐release/discharge from a smoke‐free facility; and reported smoking cessation intervention and/or smoking ban outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project's Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies and reviewed by two authors.Key FindingsPeople released from prison, mental health and substance use in‐patients who experience a smoking ban while incarcerated or in in‐patient settings often relapse to smoking shortly after release or discharge. We found that although smoking bans alone do not promote cessation, multi‐component interventions in combination with smoking bans can significantly increase cessation rates post‐release/discharge provided they support participants during this time.ConclusionsThere is limited evidence to suggest tobacco bans alone in prison, mental health and substance use treatment settings are effective in achieving long‐term smoking cessation. This review suggests that combining smoking bans and cessation interventions including pre‐ and post‐release/discharge support can be effective in achieving smoking cessation.
S2k guideline: Laser therapy of the skin
Authors: Paasch Uwe , Zidane Miriam , Baron Jens Malte , Bund Thorsten , Cappius Hans‐Joachim , Drosner Michael , Feise Konstantin , Fischer Tanja , Gauglitz Gerd , Gerber Peter Arne , Grunewald Sonja , Herberger Katharina , Jung Anja , Karsai Syrus , Kautz Gerd , Philipp Carsten , Schädel Daniela , Seitz Anna‐Theresa , Nast Alexander 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThis guideline aims to improve the efficiency and safety of lasers and optical radiation sources with similar effects (especially IPL). Laser therapy of skin lesions with an increased amount of melanocytes should be performed with caution. Laser treatment of pigmented melanocytic nevi is not recommended. The guideline contains recommendations regarding the treatment of lentigines and café‐au‐lait spots, non‐pigmented dermal nevi, Becker nevus, nevus of Ota/Hori/Ito and melasma. Further recommendations focus on the treatment of skin lesions without an increased amount of melanocytes (ephelides, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation including berloque dermatitis, seborrheic keratoses, traumatic/decorative tattoos and metallic deposits), hypopigmentation (vitiligo), benign non‐pigmented neoplasms (fibrous papule of the nose, nevus sebaceus, epidermal nevus, neurofibroma, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, syringoma, xanthelasma palpebrarum), inflammatory dermatoses (acne papulopustulosa/conglobata, acne inversa, granuloma faciale, lichen sclerosus, lupus erythematosus, psoriasis vulgaris, rosacea, rhinophyma), wrinkles/dermatochalasis/striae, hypertrichosis, scars (atrophic, hypertrophic; keloids, burn/scald scars), laser‐assisted skin healing, onychomycosis, precancerous lesions and malignant tumors (actinic keratoses/field cancerization, cheilitis actinica, basal cell carcinoma), vascular skin lesions (angiokeratoma, angioma, hemangioma, malformation, spider veins, granuloma telangiectaticum (pyogenic granuloma), rubeosis (erythrosis interfollicularis colli, ulerythema ophryogenes), nevus flammeus, telangiectasias and Osler’s disease (hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia) and viral skin lesions (condylomata acuminata, mollusca contagiosa, verrucae planae juveniles/vulgares/ verrucae palmares et plantares).
Periodontal staging and grading: An international dental hygiene education survey
Authors: Aboalsaud Khulood M. , Foster Nancy L. , Yu Shan‐Huey , Sweier Domenica G. , Rulli Danielle 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions ushered in a new paradigm for assessing and classifying periodontal diseases. This has significant implications for dental hygiene (DH) education programs' curricula. The purpose of this international survey was to assess: if and how accredited DH education programs were integrating the new staging and grading system into their curricula, and program directors' perceptions of the barriers and benefits to integration and teaching it.MethodsThis study was deemed exempt from IRB oversight. A total of 339 undergraduate DH program directors from the US, Canada and Australia that had similar accreditation standards were recruited for the survey. An electronic survey was developed and disseminated via QualtricsXM. Survey design included demographics and other questions to assess program directors' knowledge, understanding, integration of and barriers to implementing the new staging and grading system into their curricula.ResultsA total of 140 surveys were completed, for a response rate of 42%. Results showed that 91% of DH education programs had integrated the new staging and grading system into their curricula. DH didactic/theory courses (99%) and clinical courses (94%) were the curricular areas hosting the content. There was a statistically significant difference in the confidence of teaching the staging and grading system across institutional settings (p = 0.02). The three main benefits identified were the consideration of expected disease progression (3.25 ± 2.06), individual risk factors (3.45 ± 1.73) and personalized treatment (4.04 ± 2.20). The most frequently reported barrier was the lack of faculty support (26%).ConclusionDH educators have implemented the new staging and grading system into their clinical and didactic curricula. DH educators valued the individual, patient‐specific components of the new system. While educators were confident in integrating the new system, those at community and technical colleges were less confident in teaching the system.
Sn‐based glass–graphite‐composite as a high capacity anode for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Wei Ran , Liu Xiaoqing , Tian Ying , Huang Feifei , Xu Shiqing , Zhang Junjie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSn‐based anode has been widely studied because of its high theoretical specific capacity. However, the capacity of Sn‐based anode decreases sharply during the cycle, which hinders its application in commercial batteries. In this paper, Sn‐based glass was successfully obtained by melt quenching method. Sn‐based glass and graphite were combined by the ball milling method as anode materials. The Sn‐based glass–graphite‐composite anode can still maintain the capacity of 700 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 500 mA g−1, which is about 2.7 times that of the Sn glass anode (260 mA h g−1) under the same test conditions. The addition of graphite can effectively inhibit the accumulation of Sn particles in the discharge process of Sn‐based glass anode, which improves the capacity of Sn‐based glass anode, and the addition of graphite can effectively reduce the resistance of Sn‐based glass anode. Therefore, the Sn‐based glass–graphite‐composite anode has excellent Li+ ions storage properties.
Optimization of eHealth interventions for intimate partner violence and abuse: A qualitative study amongst Arabic‐speaking migrant women
Authors: Elbelassy Allaa E. , van Gelder Nicole E. , Ligthart Suzanne A. , Oertelt‐Prigione Sabine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsThis interview study focuses on the needs and wishes of Arabic‐speaking migrant women in the Netherlands to culturally adapt and optimize the digital support platform SAFE (safewomen.nl) for intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) for their use.DesignThis is a qualitative interview‐based study.MethodsWe conducted the study between March 2020 and 2021. The study entailed 16 semi‐structured interviews with Arabic‐speaking women in the Netherlands with a migration background.ResultsFindings suggest that a cultural gap, a lack of knowledge of the Dutch law, and the prevalence of restrictive gender roles amongst the participants and their spouses affected their acknowledgement of the different forms of IPVA. Furthermore, mental health consequences of IPVA were also strongly stigmatized. Clear information in their native language, summarizing infographics and potential interactive features should be main components of any eHealth intervention for this target group.ConclusionThe participants in our study deemed e‐help a potentially valuable support option for women experiencing IPVA in their community. The impact of IPVA on mental health is currently overlooked within this target group and should be emphasized in future interventions.ImpactCultural sensitivity proved crucial in understanding the concepts of IPVA amongst women with migrant backgrounds. To ensure effective eHealth interventions for migrant women, they should be involved in the design and delivery of these interventions.
Partner supply mediates elevational gradients in the outcome of ant‐hemipteran mutualistic associations
Authors: Camacho Luis F. , Lessard Jean‐Philippe , Avilés Leticia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimAlong elevational or latitudinal gradients, the dynamics of mutualistic interactions may be driven by shifts in partner abundance, themselves driven by changes in environmental factors. We test the hypothesis that partner abundance mediates the frequency of associations and investment incurred by partners while associating.LocationWestern and Eastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador.TaxonAnts (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and treehoppers (Hemiptera, Membracidae).MethodsUsing a combination of visual surveys and sucrose baits, we scored the abundance of ants, treehoppers, and their associations at 500‐meter intervals along two 4000 m elevational gradients in the equatorial Andes (three locations per elevation interval, two 70 m transects per location). We used the size of the treehopper aggregations and of the ant worker force involved in the associations as proxies for the investment partners incur in the interaction. We analysed our data using GLMM with transects as units of analyses and locations as random effects.ResultsWe show that the number of ant‐treehopper aggregations declined with elevation, in parallel with a decline in the abundance of both partners, but with ants declining at a faster rate. Despite this, the numbers of ants and treehoppers within individual aggregations increased with elevation, but this time with the number of treehoppers in the aggregations increasing at a faster rate.Main conclusionWe suggest that this elevational gradient in the size of ant‐treehopper aggregations arises from consumer resource‐dynamics, where the partner in short supply elicits greater investment from the other. Within the range of elevations where the interaction is possible, the observation that a smaller proportion of treehopper species engage in mutualism at higher elevations further suggests decreasing benefits of the associations with elevation. Our study suggests that the geography of abundance and supply, and its consequences on cost and demand of services, may dictate the outcome of mutualistic interactions along gradients, with possible implications for the maintenance of biological diversity.