bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of RNA Editing in Chloroplast Transcripts across Three Main Plant Clades
Authors: Zhang Aidi , Fang Jing , Zhang Xiujun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification of an RNA nucleotide sequence. Until now, different RNA editing systems were found in the major eukaryotic clades. In the plant kingdom, RNA editing was mainly documented in the mitochondria and chloroplast genomes. However, variation among large taxonomic groups and the evolutionary trajectory in terms of intra- and inter- clades remains unclear. To gain a better understanding of RNA editing evolution, in this study, based on publicly available RNA-seq data across three clades (fern, gymnosperm, and angiosperm), we provided a detailed analysis of chloroplast RNA editing events and discussed its evolution in land plants. A total of 5,205 editing sites were determined across 21 species after rigorous screening. We found that the clustering relations of RNA editing sites across 21 species agreed with the phylogenetic tree based on protein sequences approximately, and more editing sites occurred in early-diverging lineages for all the three clades, implying they shared similar evolutionary trajectories of editing loss. We observed that the average RNA editing level varied among species as well as genes, a lowest RNA editing level (~ 0.42) was detected in Selaginella moellendorffii; the highest editing level (~ 0.88) was detected in atpA gene. The reduction of cytosine content with evolution detected in our study further suggested that the substitution of the genomic sequence was the significant driver of loss of editing for later-branching plants. Many of the identified sites in our study have not been previously reported and provided a valuable data set for the future research community. Our findings also provide valuable information for the evolution of RNA editing in plants.
Mother chemical defenses predict offspring defenses in a dendrobatid poison frog
Authors: Brooks Olivia , James Jessie , Saporito Ralph 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Within and among populations, alkaloid defenses of the strawberry poison frog ( Oophaga pumilio ) vary spatially, temporally, and with life history stage. Natural variation in defense has been implicated as a critical factor in determining the level of protection afforded against predators and pathogens. Oophaga pumilio tadpoles sequester alkaloids from nutritive eggs and are thus entirely dependent on their mothers for their defense. However, it remains unclear how tadpole alkaloid composition relates to that of its mother and how variation in maternally provisioned defenses are effective against predators. Here, we demonstrate that natural variation in the alkaloid composition of mother frogs is reflected as variation in her tadpole’s alkaloid composition. Tadpoles, like mother frogs, varied widely in their alkaloid composition but always contained the identical alkaloids found in their mother. Alkaloid quantity in late stage tadpoles was highly correlated with alkaloid quantity in their mothers, and alkaloid quantity was the best predictor of tadpole palatability, wherein tadpoles with higher alkaloid quantities were less palatable. Mother frogs that provide greater quantities of alkaloids to their tadpoles likely ensure better protection for their offspring by providing defenses during one of the most vulnerable periods of life.
Needs Assessment of Individualized Peer Support for Families with Eating Disorders
Authors: Ohara Chisato , Nishizono-Maher Aya , Sekiguchi Atsushi , Sugawara Ayako , Morino Yuriko , Kawakami Junko , Suzuki Mari Hotta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeer support among family members is important in cases of mental illness, but there has been limited practice or research on individual peer support specific to families with eating disorders (EDs). To conduct peer support activities, it is necessary to clarify the needs of families for peer support.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are to identify the following:1. the needs for group and individual peer support,2. the characteristics of family members who are willing to receive individual peer support, and3. the characteristics of family members willing to provide individual peer support.MethodA cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted for family members with EDs.The questionnaires included demographic information on respondents and their patients, questions about the need for family peer support, interest in studying or offering peer support, social resources, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (J-ZBI_8), the Anorectic Behavior Observation Scale (ABOS).ResultsOut of 314 respondents, 87.3% believed that a group peer support system was necessary, whereas 56.7% believed that an individual peer support system was necessary. As to whether they want to use individual peer support, 70 (22.4%) stated “Extremely YES,” 99 (31.7%) stated “Moderately YES,” 100 (32.1%) stated “undecided,” 30 (9.6%) stated “Moderately NO,” and 13 (4.2%) stated “NO” (4.2%). Family members who are willing to receive individual peer support have poor mental health and a high care burden, and they make heavy use of existing social resources. Regarding the provision of peer support, 38 (12.2%) responded “very interested and willing to provide it if possible,” 87 (27.9%) responded “interested and willing to study,” and 165 (52.9%) responded “interested but cannot afford to training.” Although patients of family members who were willing to provide peer support were likely to recover, it was suggested that family members themselves were not always mentally healthy, thereby indicating the need for professional support in training peer supporters.ConclusionIndividualized peer support can be a useful option in supporting families with EDs. Training for potential peer supporters is needed to implement peer support.
Novel Allelic Variation of Hd1 Involves in Photoperiod Sensitivity of Rice
Authors: Meng Xiaoxi , Liu Shuai , Guo Xiaohu , Xing Shihai , Peng Zhaohua 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Heading date is one of determinants of rice germplasms adapting to photoperiods. Genes regulating flowering time are extensively studied. Hd1 was identified as a determinant of the flowering time of rice. Understanding the haplotypes of rice Hd1 gene is critical for molecular breeding. Here, a major effect on chromosome 6 regulating flowering time in rice was identified by QTL-seq approach. Sequence and mRNA expression analyses indicated allelic variations of Hd1 on chromosome 6 were the major reason for phenotypic divergences between wild-type (Nipponbare) and mutant (HSS) lines. The Hd1 allele in HSS has a single-base substitution and a 36bp insertion compared to Nipponbare, which introduced an amino acid motif (RRHQR) to the C-terminus of zinc finger domain in Hd1. This weak functional Hd1 allele makes HSS less sensitive to photoperiod causing earlier flowering in long-day and later flowering in short-day compared to the wild type. Sequence and diurnal expression analyses confirmed the reduced the expression of Hd1 affected other flowering time regulators including Hd3a and DTH8 in both long-day and short-day. Expression pattern analyses demonstrated that DTH8 has a roughly positive correlation with Hd1. Our results indicated that Hd1 can positively regulate the expression of DTH8 and the abundance of DTH8-Hd1 complex in response to day length, and the DTH8-Hd1 complex subsequently controls flowering time in rice by regulating Hd3a.
Rationally designed nanotrap structures for efficient separation of rare earth elements over a single step
Authors: Hu Qing-hua , Gao Xin , Shi Yu-zhen , Song An-Min , Jiang Wei , Liang Ru-Ping , Qiu Jian-Ding 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Extracting rare earth elements (REEs) from wastewater is essential for the growth and an eco-friendly sustainable economy. However, it is a daunting challenge to separate individual rare earth elements by their subtle differences. To overcome this difficulty, we report a unique REE nanotrap that features dense uncoordinated carboxyl groups and triazole N atoms in a two-fold interpenetrated metal organic framework (named NCU-1). Notably, the synergistic effect of suitable pore sizes and REE nanotraps in NCU-1 is highly responsive to the size variation of rare-earth ions and shows high selectivity toward light REE. As a proof of concept, Pr/Lu and Nd/Er were used as binary models, which gave a high separation factor of SFPr/Lu = 579 and SFNd/Er = 273, demonstrating highly efficient separation over a single step. This ability achieves efficient and selective extraction and separation of REEs from mine tailings for the first time, establishing this platform as an important advance for sustainable obtaining high purity REEs.
Improved African buffalo optimization-based Energy Efficient Clustering Wireless Sensor Networks using Metaheuristic Routing Technique
Authors: BARNWAL SWETA KUMARI , Prakash Amit , Yadav Dilip Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Wireless sensor network (WSN) plays a crucial role in the Internet of Things (IoT), which assist to produce seamless information that have a great impact on the network lifetime. Despite the substantial application of the WSN numerous challenges like energy, load balancing, security, and storage exist. Energy efficacy is regarded as an integral part of the design of WSN; this can be achieved by clustering and multi-hop routing technique using metaheuristic optimization algorithm. This paper concentrates on design of metaheuristics cluster-based routing technique for energy-efficient WSN (MHCRT-EEWSN). The presented MHCRT-EEWSN technique mainly concentrates on the improvements of energy efficiency and lifespan of the WSN via clustering and routing process. For effectual clustering process, the MHCRT-EEWSN model utilizes whale moth flame optimization (WMFO) technique can be utilized by the use of fitness function involving intra-cluster distance, inter-cluster distance, energy, and balancing factor. Besides, the MHCRT-EEWSN model employs improved African buffalo optimization (IABO) based routing technique. To select optimal routes in WSN, the IABO algorithm designs a fitness function comprising multiple parameters like residual energy and distance factor. The experimental validation of the MHCRT-EEWSN model can be tested by making use of a series of simulations. A wide-ranging comparative study shows the promising performances of the MHCRT-EEWSN model than other recent methods.
Temporal assessment of N-cycle microbial functions in a tropical agricultural soil using gene co-occurrence networks
Authors: Schaedel Marie , Ishii Satoshi , Wang Hao , Venterea Rodney , Paul Birthe , Mutimura Mupenzi , Grossman Julie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Microbial nitrogen (N) cycling pathways are largely responsible for producing forms of N that are available for plant uptake or lost from the system as gas or leachate. The temporal dynamics of microbial N pathways in tropical agroecosystems are not well defined, even though they are critical to understanding the potential impact of soil conservation strategies. We aimed to 1) characterize temporal changes in functional gene associations across a seasonal gradient, 2) identify keystone genes that play a central role in connecting N cycle functions, and 3) detect gene co-occurrences that remained stable over time. Soil samples (n=335) were collected from two replicated field trials in Rwanda between September 2020 and March 2021. We found high variability among N-cycle gene relationships and network properties that was driven more by sampling timepoint than by location. Two nitrification gene targets, hydroxylamine oxidoreductase and nitrite oxidoreductase, co-occurred across all timepoints, indicating that they may be ideal year-round targets to limit nitrification in rainfed agricultural soils. We also found that gene keystoneness varied across time, suggesting that management practices to enhance N-cycle functions such as the application of nitrification inhibitors could be adapted to seasonal conditions. Our results mark an important first step in employing gene networks to infer function in soil biogeochemical cycles, using a tropical seasonal gradient as a model system.
Inter-Row Cropping and Rootstock Genotype Selection as a Management Strategy for Apple Replant Disease in a UK Cider Orchard.
Authors: Cook Chris , Magan Naresh , Xu Xiangming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Apple rootstock genotypes confer different levels of tolerance to apple replant disease (ARD) and vigour to a newly replanted apple tree. A hybrid management system of rotating the rootstock genotype planted between successive generations and inter-row planting in the alleyways of orchards may minimise the severity of ARD symptoms by altering the communities in the rhizosphere microbiome.
Methods
High-throughput sequencing of the fungal ITS and bacterial 16S regions was used to investigate the diversity, and differential taxa present in soils displaying symptoms of ARD. Candidate pathogens and beneficial microorganisms were correlated with the above-ground establishment of each rootstock genotype in a U.K. cider orchard.
Results
Our results suggest rootstocks that are more closely genetically related to the previous rootstock had more severe ARD. Planting in the alleyway appeared an effective strategy to minimise the severity of symptoms irrespective of rootstock genotype. The planting location effect had a higher contribution to the variation in rhizosphere microbiome than the rootstock genotype contribution. No causal agents for ARD could be identified to a taxonomic level to predict their function but two taxa associated with mycorrhizae, Pteridiospora spinosispora and Paraglomus laccatum were identified to be beneficial for the plant to minimise ARD severity.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest a hybrid management approach of rotating rootstock genotype to a rootstock dissimilar to those previously planted, planting rootstocks in the alleyway, and biological amendment with beneficial microorganisms could be an effective strategy to minimise severity of ARD.
Medical services for sports injuries and illnesses in the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games
Authors: Han pengda , Gao Ding , Liu Jie , Lou Jing , Tian Sijia , Lian Huixin , Niu Shengmei , Zhang Luxi , Wang Yong , Zhang Jinjun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background：It is well recognized that the Beijing 2022 Olympics will be the second Games held amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a condition that has impacted millions of lives from every nation, moreover, to a certain extent, it has altered the way sporting activities operate.And there is a lack of knowledge on injury risk and illness occurrence in elite winter sport athletes amid the COVID-19 pandemic.Objective：To describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the XXIV Olympic Winter Games, in Beijing held from February 4 to 20, 2022.Methods：We recorded the daily number of injuries and illnesses among athletes reported by Beijing 2022 medical staff in the polyclinic, medical venues, and ambulance.Results：In total, 2897 athletes from 91 nations experienced injury or illness. Beijing 2022 medical staff reported 326 injuries and 80 illnesses, equaling 11.3 injuries and 2.8 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 17-day period. Altogether, 11% of the athletes incurred at least one injury and nearly 3% at least one illness. The number of injured athletes was highest in the skating sports (n=104), followed by alpine skiing (n=53), ice track (n=37), freestyle skiing (n=36), and ice hockey (n=35) and was lowest in the Nordic skiing disciplines (n=20). Of the 326 injuries, 14 (4.3%) led to an estimated absence from training or competition of more than 1 week. A total of 52 injured athletes were transferred to hospitals for further care. The number of athletes with illness (n=80) was highest for skating (n=33) and Nordic skiing (n=22). A total of 50 illnesses (62.5%) were attributed to the department of dentistry/ophthalmology/otolaryngology, and the most common cause of illness was other causes, including preexisting illness and drugs (n=52, 65%).Conclusions: Overall, 11% of athletes incurred at least one injury during the Games, which is similar to the figures during the Olympic Winter Games in 2014 and 2018. Regarding illness, 2% of athletes were affected, which is approximately three-fold lower than the Olympic Winter Games in 2018.
A health promoting-lifestyle prediction model for dementia prevention among Chinese adults：based on the health belief model
Authors: li hua , Zhang Jinying , Wang Li , Yang Tiantian , Yang Yanni 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: people’s health belief is an important factor affecting health behavior. However, there has been little use of health belief model (HBM) in determining the pathway effect of patients’ beliefs on health behavior in dementia prevention in China.Methods: A cross-section study was conducted on line From January to March 2020. A survey about dementia prevention knowledge, health belief of dementia prevention and health-promoting lifestyle was completed by 1201 adults in China. Data was analyzed using a structural equation model with the analysis of moment program.Results: The participants were aged 40.50±12.72 years. About 70.3% of participants were female. The purposed model fit the data from the study well. Perceived barriers (total effect-0.322, P<0.01) and perceived susceptibility (total effect -0.242, P<0.01) had negative effects on lifestyle. Self-efficacy had promoting effects on lifestyle (total effect 0.207, P<0.01). Perceived severity had positive effects both on perceived benefits (total effect 0.137, P<0.01) and perceived barriers (total effect 0.202, P＜0.01), which had a contradictory effect in the formation of health belief. Perceived benefits, cues to action and self-efficacy played a partial mediating role between knowledge and health behavior. The belief of changing lifestyle to reduce the risk of dementia could explain 24.5% of health behavior (P＜0.05).Conclusions: The findings indicated that in dementia prevention, dementia prevention health belief has important influences on health behavior. Community medical staff can develop targeted dementia prevention interventions based on health belief model in the future.
Mitigation Pilot Contamination Based on Matching Technique for Uplink Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Ayidh Abdulrahman Al , Sambo Yusuf , Imran Muhammad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A cell-free massive MIMO is a new wireless architecture that integrates user-centric network densification with distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) operation. Cell-free massive MIMO networks can provide a high quality of service (QoS) in terms of low latency, ultra-high reliability and high speed. However, because this system is affected by the pilot contamination phenomenon when a large number of users and a small number of available pilots exists, the QoS will deteriorate due to the low accuracy of the channel estimation. In this paper, we address this problem by presenting two novel schemes of pilot assignment and pilot power control design based on the matching technique for the uplink of cell-free massive MIMO systems to maximize spectral efficiency. We first formulate an assignment optimization problem in order to find the best possible pilot sequence to be used by utilizing genetic algorithm (GA) and then propose a Hungarian matching algorithm to solve this formulated problem. Regarding the power control design, we formulate a minimum-weighted assignment problem to assign pilot power control coefficients to the estimated channel's minimum mean-squared error by considering the access point (AP) selection. Then, we also propose the Hungarian algorithm to solve this problem. Simulation results show that our proposed schemes outperform the state-of-the-art techniques concerning both the pilot assignment and the pilot power control design by achieving a 15% improvement in the spectral efficiency. Finally, the computational complexity analysis is provided for the proposed schemes compared with the state-of-the-art techniques.
A multidimensional ODE-based model of Alzheimer's disease progression
Authors: Bossa Matías Nicolás , Sahli Hichem 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Data-driven Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression models are useful for clinical prediction, disease mechanism understanding and clinical trial design. Most dynamic models were inspired by the amyloid cascade hypothesis and described AD progression as a linear chain of pathological events. However, the heterogeneity observed in healthy and sporadic AD populations challenged the amyloid hypothesis and there is a need for more flexible dynamical models that accompany this conceptual shift. We present a statistical model of the temporal evolution of biomarkers and cognitive tests that allows diverse biomarker paths throughout the disease. The model consists of two elements: a multivariate dynamic model of the joint evolution of biomarkers and cognitive tests; and a clinical prediction model. The dynamic model uses a system of ordinary differential equations to jointly model the rate of change of an individual’s biomarkers and cognitive tests. The clinical prediction model is an ordinal logistic model of the diagnostic label. Prognosis and time-to-onset predictions are obtained by computing the clinical label probabilities throughout the forecasted biomarker trajectories. We developed the model using longitudinal data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. We illustrate the patterns of biomarker rate of change and the model performance to predict the time to conversion from MCI to dementia. The proposed dynamical model is interpretable, free of one-dimensional progression hypotheses or disease staging paradigms, and can account for the heterogeneous dynamics observed in sporadic AD.
Cardiovascular responses to orthostasis during a simulated 3-day heatwave
Authors: Fisher Jason T. , Ciuha Urša , Ioannou Leonidas G. , Simpson Lydia L. , Possnig Carmen , Lawley Justin , Mekjavic Igor B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Global warming has caused an increase in the frequency, duration, and intensity of summer heatwaves (HW). Prolonged exposure to hot environments and orthostasis may cause conflicting demands of thermoregulation and blood pressure regulation on the vasomotor system, potentially contributing to cardiovascular complications and occupational heat strain. The study assessed cardiovascular and skin blood flow (SkBF) responses to orthostasis before, and during a 3-day simulated HW. Seven male participants maintained a standard work/rest schedule for nine consecutive days split into three 3-day parts; thermoneutral pre-HW (25.4°C), simulated HW (35.4°C), thermoneutral post-HW. Gastrointestinal (Tgi) and skin (Tsk) temperatures, cardiovascular responses and SkBF were monitored during 10-minute supine and 10-minute 60° head-up tilt (HUT). SkBF, indexed using proximal-distal skin temperature gradient (∆TskP−D), was validated using Laser-Doppler Flowmetry (LDF). The HW significantly increased heart rate, cardiac output and SkBF of the leg in supine; HUT increased SkBF of the arm and leg, and significantly affected all cardiovascular variables besides cardiac output. Significant regional differences in SkBF presented between the arm and leg in all conditions; the arm displaying vasodilation throughout, while the leg vasoconstricted in non-HW before shifting to vasodilation in the HW. Additionally, ∆TskP−D strongly correlated with LDF (r =-.78, p < 0.001). Prolonged HW exposure and orthostasis, individually, elicited significant changes in cardiovascular and SkBF variables. Additionally, varying regional blood flow responses were observed, suggesting the upper and lower vasculature receives differing vasomotor control. Combined cardiovascular alterations and shifts towards vasodilation indicate an increased challenge to industrial workers during HWs.