bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative morphology and soft tissue histology of the remote‐touch bill‐tip organ in three ibis species of differing foraging ecology
Authors: du Toit Carla J. , Chinsamy Anusuya , Cunningham Susan J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIbises (order: Pelecaniformes, family: Threskiornithidae) are probe‐foraging birds that use ‘remote‐touch’ to locate prey items hidden in opaque substrates. This sensory capability allows them to locate their prey using high‐frequency vibrations in the substrate in the absence of other sensory cues. Remote‐touch is facilitated by a specialised bill‐tip organ, comprising high densities of mechanoreceptors (Herbst corpuscles) embedded in numerous foramina in the beak bones. Each foramen and its associated Herbst corpuscles make up a sensory unit, called a ‘sensory pit’. These sensory pits are densely clustered in the distal portion of the beak. Previous research has indicated that interspecific differences in the extent of sensory pitting in the beak bones correlate with aquatic habitat use of ibises, and have been suggested to reflect different levels of remote‐touch sensitivity. Our study investigates the interspecific differences in the bone and soft tissue histology of the bill‐tip organs of three species of southern African ibises from different habitats (mainly terrestrial to mainly aquatic). We analysed the external pitting pattern on the bones, as well as internal structure of the beak using micro‐CT scans and soft tissue histological sections of each species' bill‐tip organs. The beaks of all three species contain remote‐touch bill‐tip organs and are described here in detail. Clear interspecific differences are evident between the species' bill‐tip organs, both in terms of bone morphology and soft tissue histology. Glossy Ibises, which forage exclusively in wetter substrates, have a greater extent of pitting but lower numbers of Herbst corpuscles in each pit, while species foraging in drier substrates (Hadeda and Sacred Ibises) have more robust beaks, fewer pits and higher densities of Herbst corpuscles. Our data, together with previously published histological descriptions of the bill‐tip organs of other remote‐touch foraging bird species, indicate that species foraging in drier habitats have more sensitive bill‐tip organs (based on their anatomy). The vibrations produced by prey (e.g., burrowing invertebrates) travel poorly in dry substrates compared with wetter ones (i.e., dry soil vs. mud or water), and thus we hypothesise that a more sensitive bill‐tip organ may be required to successfully locate prey in dry substrates. Furthermore, our results indicate that the differences in bill‐tip organ anatomy between the species reflect complex trade‐offs between morphological constraints of beak shape and remote‐touch sensitivity requirements, both of which are likely related to each species' foraging behaviour and substrate usage. Our study suggests that structures in the bone of the bill‐tip organ could provide valuable osteological correlates for the associated soft tissues, and consequently may provide information on the sensory ecology and habitat usage of the birds in the absence of soft tissues.
Community‐based models of health care for women, trans and nonbinary people released from prisons: An international scoping review with implications for Canada
Authors: Paynter Martha , Heggie Clare , Low Carrie , McKibbon Shelley , Martin‐Misener Ruth 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo illustrate the scope of different types of transitional, community‐based health interventions for formerly incarcerated women, trans and nonbinary people, the eligibility criteria for these interventions, and associated health outcomes.BackgroundMeeting the health needs of formerly incarcerated people in community, rather than through the criminal justice system, may prevent further experiences of criminalization. Research is needed to understand what community‐based health interventions have been implemented internationally to inform the design of an intervention in Canada.DesignScoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology.MethodsIn consultation with a medical research librarian, key databases and journals were searched for English language articles, from any country, with no specified date range. Three authors independently screened titles and abstracts to identify articles for full‐text review. The study adheres to PRISMA‐EQUATOR guidelines.ResultsThirty‐six studies met the present criteria and were reviewed in full text. Method, setting, participants, sample, relevant outcomes and relevant findings were extracted from each study for synthesis. Included studies had varied methods and were published from 1999 to 2020. Thirty‐one studies were based in the United States, one in Puerto Rico and two each in Canada and the United Kingdom. The most common health issue focus was human immunodeficiency virus and/or hepatitis c virus. The most common outcome was uptake of offered services, such as a transitional clinic.ConclusionsGaps in the research pertain to a lack of attention to clinical outcomes and patient experience, and a lack of consideration of sexual and reproductive health concerns. Women were the minority population in all studies that included both men and women; transgender participants were mentioned in only four of thirty‐six studies. The specific needs of women, trans and nonbinary people must be taken into consideration.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses must be conscious of the elevated health risks associated with exposure to correctional institutions and the risks associated with the period of transition.Patient or Public ContributionA member of the research team brings lived experience expertise with respect to the criminal justice system.
Postsurgical urodynamic study of total laparoscopic nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy for uterine cervical cancer
Authors: Terada Shinichi , Terai Yoshito , Tanaka Yoshimichi , Tanaka Tomohito , Tsunetoh Satoshi , Ohmichi Masahide 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact on urodynamic results between the laparoscopic nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy (LRH) following a step‐by‐step procedure and abdominal nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy (ARH) for patients with uterine cervical cancer.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 76 patients with cervical cancer: 35 in the LRH group and 41 in the ARH group. We analyzed their postoperative bladder function in a urodynamics study and examined the volume of resected pelvic nerves contained in parametrial sections using S‐100 antibody staining.ResultsEstimated blood loss and hospital stay after operation for the LRH group were significantly better than those in the ARH group (p < 0.0001). As well, the number of harvested lymph nodes was significantly higher in the LRH group (p = 0.044). There was no difference in perioperative complications between the two groups in this study. The 5‐year disease‐free survival rates and overall survival rates were 91.2% and 94.0% in the LRH group and 87.8% and 95.1% in the ARH group, both respectively. Although the median residual urine volume were no statistical differences between the LRH group and the ARH group, the recovery of postoperative bladder function (uroflowmetry) in the LRH group rapidly reached presurgery levels at 1 month, and the LRH group had a smaller number of s‐100 antibody stained nerves contained the parametrial sections.ConclusionWe demonstrated that LRH following a step‐by‐step procedure could achieve a higher level of prevention of damage to the bladder branch of the pelvic splanchnic nerve plexus and thus restore bladder function more rapidly.
“You are stealing our present”: Younger people's ageism towards older people predicts attitude towards age‐based COVID‐19 restriction measures
Authors: Spaccatini Federica , Giovannelli Ilaria , Pacilli Maria Giuseppina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic emerged to be a fertile ground for age‐based prejudice and discrimination. In particular, a growing literature investigated ageism towards older people at the individual and the interpersonal level, providing evidence of its prevalence, antecedents and negative consequences. However, less much is known on the phenomenon at the intergroup level. To fill this gap, the present correlational research investigated the effects of younger people's endorsement of ageism towards older people on the attitude towards COVID‐19 restriction measures primarily targeted to older (vs. younger) population. In the autumn of 2020, five hundred and eighty‐two Italian participants (83.3% females;Mage= 20.02,SDage= 2.83) completed an online questionnaire. Results revealed that the younger people's endorsement of ageism towards older people increased the attribution of culpability for the severity of COVID‐19 restriction measures to older (vs. younger) people, which, in turn positively affected the attitudes towards older (vs. younger) people isolation and support for selective lockdown on older population only. The main contributions of the study, limitations, future research directions, and practice implications are discussed.
Impact of Resolvin D1 on the inflammatory phenotype of periodontal ligament cell response to hypoxia
Authors: Cai Jiazheng , Liu Jing , Yan Jing , Lu Xuexia , Wang Xiaoli , Li Si , Mustafa Kamal , Wang Huihui , Xue Ying , Mustafa Manal , Kantarci Alpdogan , Xing Zhe 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivePeriodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) are critical for wound healing and regenerative capacity of periodontal diseases. Within an inflammatory periodontal pocket, a hypoxic environment can aggravate periodontal inflammation, where PDLCs response to the inflammation would change. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is an endogenous lipid mediator, which can impact intracellular inflammatory pathways of periodontal/oral cells and periodontal regeneration. It is not clear how hypoxia and RvD1 impact the inflammatory responses of pro‐inflammatory PDLCs phenotype. Therefore, this study aimed to test hypoxia could induce changes in pro‐inflammatory phenotype of PDLCs and RvD1 could reverse it.MethodsHuman PDLCs were cultured from periodontal tissues from eight healthy individuals and were characterized by immunofluorescence staining of vimentin and cytokeratin. Cell viability was examined by Methyl‐thiazolyl‐tetrazolium (MTT) assay. To examine the effects of hypoxia and RvD1 on the inflammatory responses of pro‐inflammatory PDLCs phenotype, protein levels and gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines and signal transduction molecules were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting (WB), and real‐time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (real‐time qRT‐PCR). Alizarin red S staining and real‐time qRT‐PCR were employed to study the effects of hypoxia and RvD1 on the osteogenic differentiation of pro‐inflammatory PDLCs phenotype.ResultsIt was found that hypoxia increases the expression of inflammatory factors at the gene level (p < .05). RvD1 reduced the expression of IL‐1β (p < .05) in PDLCs under hypoxia both at the protein and RNA levels. There were increases in the expression of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK, p < .01) and protein kinase B (Akt, p < .05) in response to RvD1. Also, a significantly higher density of calcified nodules was observed after treatment with RvD1 for 21 days under hypoxia.ConclusionOur results indicate that hypoxia up‐regulated the inflammatory level of PDLCs. RvD1 can reduce under‐hypoxia‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the inflammatory phenotype of PDLCs. Moreover, RvD1 promotes the calcium nodules in PDLCs, possibly by affecting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway through Akt and HIF‐1α.
Similar risk of kidney function decline between tenofovir alafenamide and besifovir dipivoxil maleate in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Jung Chan‐Young , Kim Hyung Woo , Lee Jung Il , Lee Hyun Woong , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Seung Up , Kim Beom Seok 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAlthough tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and besifovir dipivoxil maleate (BSV) are potent antiviral agents in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, their renal safety profiles have not been previously compared. This study compared the risk of kidney function decline among patients with treatment‐naïve CHB treated with TAF or BSV.MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective, longitudinal cohort study included 556 patients with treatment‐naïve CHB treated with TAF (n = 366) or BSV (n = 190) between November 2017 and August 2021. The primary outcome was chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, defined as an increase in CKD stage by at least one stage for at least three consecutive months.Results1:1 Propensity score matching yielded 154 patients in each treatment group. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 100.4 vs. 100.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 in the TAF and BSV groups respectively. A total of 25 patients developed a progression in CKD stage ≥1, of which 13 and 12 patients were from the TAF and BSV treated groups respectively (3.1 vs. 3.3 per 1000 person‐years; p = .751). The unadjusted hazard ratio for risk of progression in CKD stage ≥1 of the BSV group (vs. the TAF group) was 1.13 (95% confidence interval, 0.50–2.58; p = .758). This association persisted even after adjusting for potential confounders. Virological, serological and biochemical responses were also similar between the two treatment groups (all p > .05).ConclusionsTAF and BSV showed a similar risk of kidney function decline in patients with treatment‐naïve CHB. Further prospective randomized studies are warranted for validation.
A lateral flow assay for the immunodiagnosis of human cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis
Authors: Cognialli Regielly , Bloss Konner , Weiss Izabella , Caceres Diego H. , Davis Rachelle , Queiroz‐Telles Flavio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCat‐transmitted sporotrichosis (CTS) caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis has emerged as an important zoonosis in Brazil and neighbouring countries.ObjectivesEvaluate the performance of a lateral flow assay (LFA) for the detection of anti‐Sporothrix antibodies in human sera.MethodsA LFA for the detection of anti‐Sporothrix antibodies (Anti‐Sporo LFA) in human sera, developed by IMMY, was evaluated using 300 human sera collected prospectively at the Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná (HC‐UFPR), in Curitiba, Brazil. These specimens included 100 sera from patients with CTS. CTS cases were classified as follows: 59 lymphocutaneous, 27 fixed cutaneous,13 ocular, and one mixed form. One‐hundred specimens from patients with other mycoses, including cryptococcosis (n = 32), candidemia (n = 27), paracoccidioidomycosis (n = 14), aspergillosis (n = 10), histoplasmosis (n = 9), fusariosis (n = 4), lobomycosis (n = 1), chromoblastomycosis (n = 1), mucormycosis (n = 1) and trichosporonosis (n = 1). And 100 specimens from apparently healthy volunteers (AHV).ResultsThe Anti‐Sporo LFA showed a global sensitivity of 83% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 74%–90%), a global specificity of 82% (95% CI = 76%–87%), and accuracy of 82% (95% CI = 77%–86%). By clinical form sensitivity was as follows: Mixed form 100%, ocular 92%, lymphocutaneous 83% and fixed cutaneous 78%. False‐positive results were observed in 11 specimens from people with other mycoses and 26 specimens from AHV.Conclusion and discussionThis study presents the results of the evaluation of the first lateral flow assay for the detection of anti‐Sporothrix antibodies in human sera. The findings here show evidence that IMMY's Anti‐Sporo LFA is a promising tool for the rapid diagnosis of CTS.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma gene patterns connected with RNA methylation for prognostic prediction
Authors: Wu Xuechen , Tang Jiezhang , Cheng Bo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether m6A/m1A/m5C/m7G/m6Am/Ψ‐related genes influence the prognosis of a patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and MethodsWe investigated the changes in regulatory genes using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Consensus clustering by RNA methylation‐related regulators was used to describe oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Then, we developed the prediction model. The tumor microenvironment was investigated using ESTIMATE. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to determine whether pathways or cell types were enriched in different groups. The association between the model and immune‐related risk scores was investigated using correlation analysis.ResultsWe found 22 gene signatures in this analysis and then developed a predictive model that reveals the genes that are highly connected to the overall survival of OSCC patients. The survival and death rates were substantially different in the two groups (high and low risk) classified by the risk scores. The validation cohort verified the phenotypic diversity and prognostic effects of these genes.ConclusionOur data reveal that immune cell infiltration, genetic mutation, and survival potential in OSCC patients are linked to m6A/m1A/m5C/m7G/m6Am/Ψ‐related genes, and we constructed a dependable prognostic model for OSCC patients.
Correlates between temporomandibular disorder severity, emotional distress, and eudaimonic well‐being among young adults
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Marpaung Carolina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined the correlates between severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), emotional distress, and eudaimonic well‐being.Subjects and MethodsTMD severity, negative emotions, and eudaimonia were assessed with the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales‐21 (DASS‐21), and Psychological Well‐being Scale‐18 (PWBS‐18) in a cohort of community young adults. Statistical evaluations were done with non‐parametric tests/correlation and multivariate regression analyses (α = 0.05).ResultsAmongst the 873 participants (mean age 19.8 ± 1.66 years), 40.7%, 49.0%, and 10.3% had no (NT), mild (MT), and moderate‐to‐severe (ST) TMD, respectively. Significant differences in total‐DASS, depression, anxiety, and stress were ST ≥ MT > NT. Significant variances in total‐PWSB and self‐acceptance were NT > MT > ST while that for environmental mastery, positive relations, and purpose in life were NT > MT, ST. An inverse relationship was discerned between total‐DASS and total‐PWBS (correlation coefficient = −0.54). The prospect of ST was increased by anxiety but reduced by positive relations and self‐acceptance.ConclusionsYoung adults with mild and moderate‐to‐severe TMD experienced substantially higher emotional distress and lower eudaimonia than those with no TMD. As emotional distress and eudaimonic well‐being are interrelated, positive psychological interventions may be beneficial for managing TMD‐related psychosocial disabilities.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on mobility of older adults: A scoping review
Authors: Felipe Sarah Giulia Bandeira , Parreira Batista Patrícia , da Silva Cristina Cristóvão Ribeiro , de Melo Ruth Caldeira , de Assumpção Daniela , Perracini Monica Rodrigues 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo identify the most frequent determinants of contact limitation on older adults' mobility addressed by the recommendations to mitigate mobility limitation during the COVID‐19 pandemic and identify the recommendations characteristics and means of dissemination that might guide coping actions.BackgroundMeasures for physical contact restriction were implemented to prevent COVID‐19 spread. These measures directly impacted older people, reducing their mobility, especially outside home environment. Health systems worldwide need to be prepared to implement strategies to mitigate negative effects of reduced mobility in this population.DesignScoping review using Arksey and O′Malley's methodological framework.MethodTherefore, a scoping review was conducted in LILACS, CINAHL, MEDLINE, WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS databases. Documents and reports with recommendations from government agencies were also consulted. Results were presented in a narrative synthesis based on a conceptual model of mobility proposed by Webber (The Gerontologist, 2010, 50, 443) regarding the most frequently addressed determinants, characteristics of the proposed interventions, and means of dissemination for the older person population.FindingsTwenty‐eight studies were selected for the final sample. According to Webber's model, most articles (n = 14) presented the impacts on mobility from the perspective of physical determinants, relating this aspect to biological losses in the musculoskeletal system, and a minority assessed mobility in vital spaces, encompassing environmental (n = 3) and financial (n = 1) determinants. Also, the most frequent recommendation was that physical activity promotes maintenance of mobility and prevents the occurrence of adverse results, such as falls, fractures and functional decline. As to dissemination, digital technologies were recognised as a strategy to motivate, instruct and monitor exercise practice to increase mobility in older adults.ConclusionThe main conditions related to the decline in mobility of older adults during COVID‐19 pandemic were physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle. The practice of physical activity is widespread and needs to be adapted according to individual needs. Finally, digital technologies are essential tools in this period, but other alternatives should also be considered for low‐income seniors.Implications for practiceIt is hoped that the gaps identified through this scoping review can help enhance the discussion on the broader assessment of mobility in older adults and the design of interventions when contact restriction is a reality.
A life more ordinary: A peer research method qualitative study of the Feeling Safe Programme for persecutory delusions
Authors: Bond Jessica , Kenny Alexandra , Mesaric Andreja , Wilson Natalie , Pinfold Vanessa , Kabir Thomas , Freeman Daniel , Waite Felicity , Larkin Michael , Robotham Dan J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe Feeling Safe Programme is a cognitive therapy developed to improve outcomes for individuals with persecutory delusions. It is theoretically driven, modular and personalised, with differences in therapeutic style and content compared with first‐generation cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis.ObjectivesWe set out to understand the participant experience of the Feeling Safe Programme.DesignA qualitative study employing interpretative phenomenological analysis.MethodsUsing a peer research approach, semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with six people who had received the Feeling Safe Programme as part of the outcome clinical trial.ResultsParticipants spoke of feeling ‘unsafe’ in their daily lives before the intervention. Openness to the intervention, facilitated by identification with the programme name, and willingness to take an active role were considered important participant attributes for successful outcomes. The therapist was viewed as a professional friend who cared about the individual, which enabled trust to form and the opportunity to consider new knowledge and alternative perspectives. Doing difficult tasks gradually and repeatedly to become comfortable with them was important for change to occur. The intervention helped people to do ordinary things that others take for granted and was perceived to produce lasting changes.ConclusionsThe Feeling Safe Programme was subjectively experienced very positively by interview participants, which is consistent with the results of the clinical trial. The successful interaction of the participant and therapist enabled trust to form, which meant that repeated practice of difficult tasks could lead to re‐engagement with valued everyday activities.