bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring patterns and consequences of land consumption in a coastal city-region
Authors: Dadashpoor Hashem , Hasankhani Zahra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The rapid expansion of built-up areas and land consumption with unsustainable spatial patterns in coastal urban areas has become a global major concern due to its far-reaching consequences for human daily life, environmental sustainability, and living organisms. However, the research on this phenomenon in these areas has received less attention. To fill this gap, we conducted a study to explore the spatial patterns of land consumption at both micro- and macro-levels and to evaluate its consequences in terms of sustainable development in a coastal city-region of Mazandaran Province in northern Iran. To achieve these two goals, we combined two methods of urban land density function and landscape expansion index (LEI) to explore spatial patterns of land consumption and also evaluated the sustainability of the region with two methods of the hierarchical analytical process (AHP) and urban sustainability index (USI).

Results
The spatial patterns of land consumption in the city-region of Mazandaran from 1996 to 2016 at the macro-level changed from a decentralized-sprawl to a centralized-sprawl pattern. At the micro-level, the dominant spatial pattern of land consumption in the city-region changed gradually from the outlying pattern towards the edge expansion and infilling patterns. Also, the spatial pattern of the built-up patches in the majority of the urban areas had conformity with the dominant pattern of the region. Besides, the spatial patterns of land consumption in the region were in an unsustainable state and were changing towards more unsustainability. The absence of urban containment policies and plans could lead to further destruction of the natural environment and increase its unsustainability.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that the urban areas of the coastal Mazandaran have the same behavior in the spatial pattern of land consumption at the macro- and micro-levels and all are in the same direction and follow the dominant pattern of the region.
Impact of collaborative physician-pharmacist stewardship strategies on prophylactic antibiotic practices: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Pardo Antonelle , Ntabaza Vianney , Rivolta Mathieu , Goulard Aline , Sténuit Serge , Demeester Remy , Milas Sandrine , Duez Pierre , Patris Stéphanie , Joris Marc , Dony Philippe , Cherifi Soraya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
An effective use of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) appears essential to prevent the development of infections linked to surgery while inappropriate and excessive prescriptions of prophylactic antibiotics increase the risk of adverse effects, bacterial resistance and Clostridium difficile infections. In this study, we aimed to analyze SAP practices in an acute secondary hospital in Belgium during the years 2016–2021 in order to evaluate the impacts of combined stewardship interventions, implemented thanks to a physician-pharmacist collaboration.

Methods
A quasi-experimental study on SAP practices was conducted during 5 years (2016–2021) in a Belgian University Hospital. We first performed a retrospective observational transversal study on a baseline group (2016.1–2016.4). Then, we constituted a group of patients (2017.1–2017.4) to test a combined intervention strategy of stewardship which integrated the central role of a pharmacist in antibiotic stewardship team and in the pre-operative delivery of nominative kits of antibiotics adapted to patient factors. After this test, we collected patient data (2018.1–2018.4) to evaluate the sustained effects of stewardship interventions. Furthermore, we evaluated SAP practices (2019.1–2019.4) after the diffusion of a computerized decision support system. Finally, we analyzed SAP practices in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020.1–2020.4 and 2021.1–2021.4). The groups were compared from year to year in terms of compliance to institutional guidelines, as evaluated from seven criteria (χ2 test).

Results
In total, 760 surgical interventions were recorded. The observational study within the baseline group showed that true penicillin allergy, certain types of surgery and certain practitioners were associated with non-compliance (p < 0.05). Compared with the baseline group, the compliance was significantly increased in the test group for all seven criteria assessed (p < 0.05). However, the effects were not fully sustained after discontinuation of the active interventions. Following the diffusion of the computerized decision support system, the compliance to guidelines was not significantly improved. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic did not appear to affect the practices in terms of compliance to guidelines.

Conclusions
This study shows that optimization of SAP practices is achievable within a proactive multidisciplinary approach including real-time pharmaceutical interventions in the operating area and in the care units practicing SAP.
The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea risk factors in individuals with cognitive impairment: south London cross-sectional study
Authors: Kirsh Leiah , Cox Rebecca , Mongue-Din Heloise , Lawrence Robert 
Published: July 2022

Aims and MethodWe aimed to determine the prevalence of risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Using patient records across a 5 year period, we identified 16 855 patients with dementia or MCI. We gave scores for keywords relating to each modified STOP BANG parameter in patient progress notes. Based on individual scores, we stratified the population into groups with low, intermediate and high risk of OSA.ResultsOur population had a high prevalence of risk factors and consequently high risk scores for OSA (18.21% high risk). Parameters directly related to sleep had a low prevalence.Clinical implicationsThe risk of developing or having OSA is high among patients with MCI and dementia. Low sleep parameter frequency probably suggests poor documentation of sleep rather than true prevalence. Our findings support the implementation of the STOP BANG or a similar screening tool as a standardised method to identify OSA risk in memory clinics.
First Trimester Dexamethasone Treatment Is Not Associated With Alteration in Resting-state Connectivity at Adolescent or Adult Age
Authors: Messina Valeria , van’t Westeinde Annelies , Padilla Nelly , Lajic Svetlana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Context
Prenatal treatment with dexamethasone (DEX) has been used to prevent virilization in females at risk of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Both affected and unaffected girls, as well boys, are treated until the genotype and sex of the fetus is known (gestational weeks 10-12). After that, only affected girls are treated until term. Exposure to a high synthetic glucocorticoid dosage may alter the developmental trajectory of the brain, with alterations in resting-state functional connectivity of the brain at adult age.

Objective
To investigate resting-state functional connectivity in subjects at risk of having CAH, exposed to DEX treatment during the first trimester of fetal life, both in the whole brain and in 3 regions of interest (amygdala, hippocampus, and superior frontal gyrus).

Design, Setting, and Participants
Eighteen participants (8 females) at risk of having CAH, exposed to DEX treatment, and 38 controls (24 females), age range 16 to 26 years, from a single research institute, underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain during rest. We used 2 different approaches: an exploratory whole-brain analysis and seed-based analysis. For seed-based analysis, we chose 3 different brain regions (amygdala, hippocampus, and superior frontal gyrus) based on our previous findings and literature evidence.

Results
We did not observe any differences in functional connectivity during rest, either in the whole brain nor in seed-based connectivity analyses at this adolescent and young adult age.

Conclusions
Our results are reassuring; however, future studies on larger samples and with more sensitive methodologies are needed to confirm these findings.
Sexually Dimorphic Increases in Bone Mass Following Tissue-specific Overexpression of Runx1 in Osteoclast Precursors
Authors: Díaz-Hernández Martha Elena , Kinter Christopher W , Watson Shana R , Mella-Velazquez Giovanni , Kaiser Jarred , Liu Guanglu , Khan Nazir M , Roberts Joseph L , Lorenzo Joseph , Drissi Hicham 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Many metabolic bone diseases arise as a result excessive osteoclastic bone resorption, which has motivated efforts to identify new molecular targets that can inhibit the formation or activity of these bone-resorbing cells. Mounting evidence indicates that the transcription factor Runx1 acts as a transcriptional repressor of osteoclast formation. Prior studies using a conditional knockout approach suggested that Runx1 in osteoclast precursors acts as an inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis; however, the effects of upregulation of Runx1 on osteoclast formation remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the skeletal effects of conditional overexpression of Runx1 in preosteoclasts by crossing novel Runx1 gain-of-function mice (Rosa26-LSL-Runx1) with LysM-Cre transgenic mice. We observed a sex-dependent effect whereby overexpression of Runx1 in female mice increased trabecular bone microarchitectural indices and improved torsion biomechanical properties. These effects were likely mediated by delayed osteoclastogenesis and decreased bone resorption. Transcriptomics analyses during osteoclastogenesis revealed a distinct transcriptomic profile in the Runx1-overexpressing cells, with enrichment of genes related to redox signaling, apoptosis, osteoclast differentiation, and bone remodeling. These data further confirm the antiosteoclastogenic activities of Runx1 and provide new insight into the molecular targets that may mediate these effects.
Change in Central Cardiovascular Function in Response to Intense Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Astorino Todd A. , Causer Ejaz , Hazell Tom J. , Arhen Ben , Gurd Brendon J. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) significantly increase maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) which enhances endurance performance and health status. Whether this response is due to increases in central cardiovascular function (cardiac output and blood volume) or peripheral factors is unknown.

Purpose
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of HIIT and SIT (referred to as intense interval training) on changes in central cardiovascular function.

Methods
We performed a systematic search of eight databases for studies denoting increases in V̇O2max in which cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), blood volume, plasma volume, end-diastolic/systolic volume, or hematocrit were measured.

Results
Forty-five studies were included in this analysis, comprising 946 men and women of various health status (age and V̇O2max = 20 - 76 yr and 13 - 61 mL·kg-1·min-1) who performed 6 – 96 sessions of interval training. Results showed an increase in V̇O2max with intense interval training that was classified as a large effect (d = 0.83). Stroke volume (d = 0.69) and CO (d = 0.49) had moderate effect sizes in response to intense interval training. Of 27 studies in which CO was measured, 77 % exhibited significant increases in resting CO or that obtained during exercise. Similarly, 93 % of studies revealed significant increases in SV in response to intense interval training. Effect sizes for these outcomes were larger for clinical versus healthy populations. Plasma volume, blood volume, and hematocrit had small effect sizes after training (d = 0.06 - 0.14).

Conclusions
Increases in V̇O2max demonstrated with intense interval training are attendant with increases in central O2 delivery with little contribution from changes in hematocrit, blood volume, or plasma volume.
Platform Governance
Authors: Teh Tat-How 
Published: July 2022

Platforms that intermediate trades—such as Amazon, Airbnb, and eBay—play a regulatory role in deciding how to govern the marketplaces they create. We propose a framework to analyze a platform’s nonprice governance design and its incentive to act in a welfare-enhancing manner. We show that the platform’s governance design can be distorted toward inducing insufficient or excessive seller competition, depending on the nature of the fee instrument employed by the platform. These results are illustrated with micro-founded applications to a platform’s control over seller entry, information provision and recommendations, quality standards, and search-design choices. (JEL D21, D83, L15, L23, L81, M37)
Obesity - lifestyle choice or a disease? Changes in perception of obesity
Authors: Pawlikowska-Gorzelańczyk Anna , Szuster Ewa , Kostrzewska Paulina , Mandera-Grygierzec Amanda 
Published: July 2022

Introduction and purpose
Nowadays obesity has become a main problem in the world’s population and it is beginning to replace undernutrition and infectious diseases. Over the years perception of obesity has diametrically changed. Obesity is no longer the result of bad choices but serious medical problem. The aim of this study is to show how changes in perception of obesity affect the obesity pandemic.
Review methods
The literature review included articles available on the websites of health-related organizations and databasis on PubMed. As a part of analysis systematic search of current scientific data was performed.
Description of the state of knowledge
Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation and in adults BMI ≥30 is necessary to recognize it. Obesity has plenty of consequences such as diabetes, hypertension, cancers etc. In June 2013 the American Medical Association made a decision to recognize obesity as a disease. That changed the perception of obesity by the public and caused many actions in prevention and treatment. Management of obese patient consists of diagnosis the obesity-causing diseases, recognition of eating and physicall activity habits. Surgical as well pharmacological treatment is available and should be individually considered.
Summary
Recognition of obesity as a disease requires health organisations to build special prevention and treatment programs. Nowadays there is an array of treatment methods for obesity. However the most important method to stop the pandemic is education and promotion of a healthy lifestyle, according to the motto, prevention is better than cure.
Consumer awareness and sweetener consumption habits of dietetics students
Authors: Jaruga-Sękowska Sylwia , Staśkiewicz Wiktoria , Woźniak-Holecka Joanna , Wanat-Kańtoch Gabriela , Kardas Marek , Wójcicka Agata 
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The incidence of obesity has continued to rise over the years, a problem that is driving increased consumer interest in agents that can replace sucrose. Sweet taste is linked to feelings of pleasure and happiness. For this reason, among others, substances that are alternatives to sugar have received increasing attention over the past few years. The aim of the study was to assess consumer awareness and sweetener consumption habits of dietetics students. Material and methods. The study included 201 participants aged 18-27 years studying nutrition. Nutritional status was assessed using the Body Mass Index (BMI). A proprietary validated survey questionnaire was used to assess consumer awareness and assess eating habits Results. The subjects' nutritional status was examined by assessing their BMI. Most of the respondents had a BMI described as normal. Respondents mostly sometimes focused attention on the amount of calories consumed during the day, with 64.68% (N=130) of respondents giving this answer. Respondents cited health benefits (28.36%; N=57), energy value (20.40%; N=41), and taste (17.91%; N=36) as the most influential factor in choosing a particular sweetener. The study group's nutritional knowledge of sweeteners was unsatisfactory. Conclusions. Dietetics students' knowledge of sweeteners is alarmingly low. Most of the respondents had a BMI described as normal. In view of the low level of knowledge of the respondents, additional measures should be introduced resulting in an increase in the awareness of students in the described field, for example, increasing the number of lectures covering the above topics.
Assessing the online search behavior for COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from Iran
Authors: Samadbeik Mahnaz , Garavand Ali , Aslani Nasim , Ebrahimzadeh Farzad , Fatehi Farhad 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionGoogle Trends (GT) is an important free tool for online search behavior analysis, which provides access to Internet search patterns in Google. In recent decades, this database has been used for predicting the outbreak of epidemics and pandemics in different regions of the world. The present study aimed to evaluate Iranian users’ COVID-19-related online search behavior.MethodsThis longitudinal study was conducted in 2021. The data of Iranian users’ COVID-19-related online search behavior (trend) were collected from the GT website, and the epidemiological data of the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran from 16 February 2020 to 2 January 2021 were sourced from the Iranian ministry of health and medical education, as well as the World Health Organization. The data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsAll the COVID-19-related search terms in Iran gained their highest popularity value (relative search volume = 100) in the first 8 weeks of the pandemic, and then this value assumed a decreasing trend over time. Based on factor analysis, relative search volume (RSV) of factor 1 terms (related to corona [in Persian] and corona) have a low significance relationship with COVID-19 epidemiological data in one-, two-, and three-week time lags. Although, RSV of factor 2 terms (related to COVID [in Persian], COVID-19, and coronavirus) correlated with the total weekly number of COVID-19 cases in mentioned time lags.ConclusionCOVID-19-related search terms were popular among Iranian users at the beginning of the pandemic. The online search queries and the key terms searched by Iranian users varied during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides evidence in favor of the adoption of GT as an epidemiological surveillance tool but, it is necessary to consider that mass media and other confounders can significantly influence RSVs.
Oncology provider experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Arem Hannah , Moses Jenna , Nekhlyudov Larissa , Killackey Maureen , Sieloff Beth , Cisneros Cindy , Pratt-Chapman Mandi L. 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic upended nearly all aspects of daily life and of medical care, placing a double burden of professional and personal concerns on those who provide medical care. We set out to assess the burden of the pandemic on provider outlook and understand how cancer survivorship providers experienced rapid changes to practice.MethodsWe distributed a survey through the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer (CoC) to its accredited organizations in mid-October 2020. We included questions on provider characteristics, changes in patient care practices resulting from the pandemic, worry about COVID-19, and concern about impact on cancer survivors.ResultsOf the n = 607 participants, three-quarters were female and three-quarters were White. Only 2.1% of participants reported having had COVID-19, but 43% reported anxiety about getting COVID-19 and over a quarter experienced sadness or depression, anxiety about the future, changes to sleep, difficulty concentrating, or social isolation. Approximately half of providers also expressed significant concern about progression of cancer in patients who experienced care delays or were afraid of accessing in-person care. In terms of changes to survivorship care, respondents reported changes to visitor policies, delays or cancellations, and efforts to reduce in-person visits.ConclusionsCOVID-19 has taken a significant toll on front-line healthcare professionals, including oncologists and cancer care allied health professionals. Findings support proactive mental health support of healthcare professionals as well as emergency preparedness to manage delays to care for cancer patients in the event of future unexpected pandemics.
Cerebrospinal fluid features in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: A pilot study
Authors: Paul Marine , Benghanem Sarah , Merceron Sybille , Bellut Hugo , Dumas Florence , Henry Amandine , Bruneel Fabrice , Bedos Jean-Pierre , Cariou Alain , Legriel Stéphane 
Published: July 2022

Introduction
Lumbar puncture is among the investigations used to identify various neurological conditions, including some that can cause cardiac arrest (CA). However, CA per se may alter cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics. Few studies have investigated CSF findings after CA. In this descriptive work, we assessed the frequency and risk factors of abnormal CSF findings after CA and the contribution of CSF analysis to the etiological diagnosis.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively studied data from prospectively established databases of consecutive patients who were admitted to two French ICUs in 2007–2016 with sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after CA and who underwent lumbar puncture as an etiological investigation.

Results
Of 1984 patients with sustained ROSC, 55 (2.7%) underwent lumbar puncture and were included. Lumbar puncture identified a neurological cause of CA in 2/55 (3.6%) patients. Nonspecific CSF abnormalities were noted in 37/53 (69.8%) patients. By multivariate analysis, postresuscitation shock was positively associated with CSF abnormalities (OR, 6.92; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.62–37.26; P = 0.013). A no-flow time above 6 minutes (OR, 0.19; 95%CI, 0.03–1.11; P = 0.076) and a respiratory cause of CA (OR, 2.91; 95%CI, 0.53–23.15; P = 0.24) were not statistically associated with CSF abnormalities. Nonspecific CSF abnormalities were not significantly associated with poor outcomes (Cerebral Performance Category ≥3; P = 0.06).

Conclusions
Lumbar puncture, although infrequently performed, may contribute to the etiological diagnosis of CA, albeit rarely. Nonspecific CSF abnormalities seem common after CA, notably with postresuscitation shock, and may be related to blood-brain barrier disruption. These findings may help to interpret CSF findings after CA. Further studies are warranted to assess our results.