bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Effects of Microalgal Species on Growth, Feeding, and Metabolism of Pearl Oysters, Pinctada fucata martensii and Pinctada maxima
Authors: Ye Bingcong , Gu Zhifeng , Zhang Xingzhi , Yang Yi , Wang Aimin , Liu Chunsheng 
Published: July 2022

Pinctada fucata martensii and P. maxima are two main traditional pearl oyster species that can produce seawater pearls. Our previous study showed a higher clearance rate (CR) and growth performance in P. f. martensii than in P. maxima fed with Isochrysis galbana. In this study, the P. f. martensii and P. maxima juveniles of two sizes (large and small) were fed with six different microalgae diets [I. galbana (I), Platymonas subcordiformis (P), Chaetoceros muelleri I, I+P, I+C, and P+C] to evaluate the differences in growth, feeding, and metabolism between two pearl oyster species. After 60 d of the rearing period, P. f. martensii and P. maxima fed with mixed microalgae showed a significantly higher relative growth rate (RGR) than those fed with single microalgae (P&lt; 0.05). The RGRs were significantly higher in P. f. martensii than those in P. maxima fed with the same diets (P&lt; 0.05). The RGRs showed a decreasing tendency with the growth in both pearl oyster species. The CRs of pearl oysters fed with mixed microalgae were significantly higher than those fed with single microalgae (P&lt; 0.05), and the CRs of P. f. martensii were significantly higher than those of P. maxima fed with the same diets (P&lt; 0.05). Significantly lower respiration rates (RRs) were observed in small-size P. f. martensii groups fed with I, P, and I+P diets and all large P. f. martensii groups compared to P. maxima fed with the same diets (P&lt; 0.05). Higher activities of amylase, cellulase, lipase, and pepsin in P. f. martensiiwere observed compared to P. maxima fed with the same diets at two sizes. The pepsin activities in P. maxima decreased with the growth, while there were no consistent pepsin activities of P. f. martensii with the growth. The carbonic anhydrase activities in P. maxima were significantly higher than those in P. f. martensii fed with the same diets (P&lt; 0.05). The carbonic anhydrase activities were highest in the I+C diet group, followed by C+P and I+P, I, C, and P groups. Significant differences were observed among different diet groups in the same pearl oyster species (P&lt; 0.05). Our results suggest that the lower CR and activities of digestive enzymes and higher RRs and activities of carbonic anhydrase may cause a lower growth rate of P. maxima compared to P. f. martensii.
Characterization of Spermidine Synthase (SPDS) Gene and RNA−Seq Based Identification of Spermidine (SPD) and Spermine (SPM) Involvement in Improving High Temperature Stress Tolerance in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Liu Shixia , Zhang Jun , Sun Xue , Xu Nianjun 
Published: July 2022

Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, an important commercial red macroalga, is facing significant impacts from global warming, which limits algal growth and yield in China. Polyamines (PAs), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM), are ubiquitous polycations important for growth and environmental stress responses including high temperature (HT) tolerance. Spermidine synthase (SPDS) gene is one of the important genes in higher PA biosynthesis, which plays critical roles in HT stress response. Here, we isolated an SPDS gene from G. lemaneiformis and further analyzed its phylogenetic tree, subcellular localization, and gene expression patterns under stress conditions. Meanwhile, supplemented with SPD and SPM were used to study the effects of PAs on HT tolerance in G. lemaneiformis. It showed exogenous 0.5 mM SPD and SPM, respectively, remarkably improved the algal relative growth rate (RGR) compared to those in the CK treatment groups under HT conditions. In addition, they both significantly elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes and significantly upregulated the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, triggered transcription factors (TFs) signaling, and improved the expression of genes encoding small heat shock proteins (sHSP20s) during HT stress. Moreover, exogenous PA also enhanced the expression of genes involved in pyruvate metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and nucleotide excision repair in G. lemaneiformis, which helped to maintain better energy supply, redox homeostasis, and genome integrity under HT stress. Taken together, these data provided valuable information for functional characterization of specific gene in endogenous PA synthesis and uncovered the importance of exogenous PAs in promoting algae adaptation to HT stress.
The Burden of Gastrointestinal Complaints in Kidney Transplant Recipients Using Tacrolimus With and Without Mycophenolate Mofetil: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Fatly Zainab Al , Betjes Michiel GH , van Gestel Judith , Verschragen Marieken , de Weerd Annelies E. 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundTacrolimus (TAC) combined with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is the immunosuppressive regimen in the majority of solid organ transplant recipients. Gastrointestinal complaints are frequent, which is considered predominantly a side effect of MMF. However, systematic research in this field is lacking. The aim of this study is to systematically investigate the burden of gastrointestinal complaints in TAC-treated kidney transplant recipients with and without MMF.MethodsIn a single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial, low immunological risk recipients were randomized to either TAC and MMF or to TAC monotherapy from 6 months after kidney transplantation onwards [NTR4672],. They filled in the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale questionnaire, which covers five dimensions (abdominal pain, reflux, indigestion, constipation, and diarrhea), 6, 12, and 15 months after transplantation.ResultsSeventy-nine recipients were randomized and 72 completed all questionnaires (34 TACmono and 38 TAC/MMF). At baseline, the mean age was 59 years with 72% male, mean BMI 28 kg/m2, eGFR 55 ml/min/1.73m2, mean daily dose MMF 1200 mg and TAC 5.8 mg, with trough levels of 2.1 mg/L and 7.4 ug/L. Six months after transplantation, 75% of recipients reported troublesome symptoms (score ≥3). Diarrhea was the most troublesome (mean 3.3) and discontinuing MMF significantly reduced it (mean Δ score between month 6 and 15 TAC/MMF -0.9 vs. TACmono -1.8, p=0.03). In recipients with troublesome symptoms, abdominal pain (2.7 to 1.8, p=0.003), indigestion (2.8 to 2.3, p=0.012), and reflux (2.9 to 1.7, p=0.007) significantly decreased over time, independent of MMF use.ConclusionThe majority of kidney transplant recipients with TAC and MMF experienced troublesome gastrointestinal symptoms 6 months after transplantation. While constipation remained troublesome, indigestion, abdominal pain, and reflux improved over time by month 15. Diarrhea only improved after discontinuing MMF.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Classification of T2DM Cognitive Impairment Based on Whole Brain Structural Features
Authors: Tan Xin , Wu Jinjian , Ma Xiaomeng , Kang Shangyu , Yue Xiaomei , Rao Yawen , Li Yifan , Huang Haoming , Chen Yuna , Lyu Wenjiao , Qin Chunhong , Li Mingrui , Feng Yue , Liang Yi , Qiu Shijun 
Published: July 2022

PurposeCognitive impairment is generally found in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although they may not have visible symptoms of cognitive impairment in the early stages of the disorder, they are considered to be at high risk. Therefore, the classification of these patients is important for preventing the progression of cognitive impairment.MethodsIn this study, a convolutional neural network was used to construct a model for classifying 107 T2DM patients with and without cognitive impairment based on T1-weighted structural MRI. The Montreal cognitive assessment score served as an index of the cognitive status of the patients.ResultsThe classifier could identify T2DM-related cognitive decline with a classification accuracy of 84.85% and achieved an area under the curve of 92.65%.ConclusionsThe model can help clinicians analyze and predict cognitive impairment in patients and enable early treatment.
Cationic Mechanosensitive Channels Mediate Trabecular Meshwork Responses to Cyclic Mechanical Stretch
Authors: Chen Susu , Wang Wenyan , Cao Qilong , Wu Shen , Wang Ningli , Ji Lixia , Zhu Wei 
Published: July 2022

The trabecular meshwork (TM) is responsible for intraocular pressure (IOP) homeostasis in the eye. The tissue senses IOP fluctuations and dynamically adapts to the mechanical changes to either increase or decrease aqueous humor outflow. Cationic mechanosensitive channels (CMCs) have been reported to play critical roles in mediating the TM responses to mechanical forces. However, how CMCs influence TM cellular function affect aqueous humor drainage is still elusive. In this study, human TM (HTM) cells were collected from a Chinese donor and subjected to cyclically equiaxial stretching with an amplitude of 20% at 1 Hz GsMTx4, a non-selective inhibitor for CMCs, was added to investigate the proteomic changes induced by CMCs in response to mechanical stretch of HTM. Gene ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated that inhibition of CMCs significantly influenced several biochemical pathways, including store-operated calcium channel activity, microtubule cytoskeleton polarity, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and neuron cell fate specification. Through heatmap analysis, we grouped 148 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) into 21 clusters and focused on four specific patterns associated with Ca2+ homeostasis, autophagy, cell cycle, and cell fate. Our results indicated that they might be the critical downstream signals of CMCs adapting to mechanical forces and mediating AH outflow.
Knowledge hardly translates to reality—A randomized controlled trial on sexual abuse prevention for girls with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Reis Olaf , Häßler Frank , Daubmann Anne , Chodan Wencke 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivePeople with intellectual disabilities (ID) are at higher risk of being sexually abused and developing psychiatric disorders in consequence. The effects of behavior prevention programs for children with ID have rarely been investigated. Previous studies suffer from methodical weaknesses, such as the lack of a control group, small sample size, or invalid outcome measures. This study aimed at demonstrating the efficacy of a prevention program by overcoming these flaws.MethodsA group prevention program was developed and evaluated. One hundred and six girls aged from 8 to 12 years with mild ID were enrolled in a randomized controlled study, comparing the training to a sham intervention. Effects were examined in a three-time follow-up design as individual changes in preventive knowledge (board game, verbal reports) and preventive behavior (role-play,in situtests). Participants' behaviors were videotaped and rated by three blinded raters.ResultsGirls from the intervention group (n= 64) showed significant improvements in preventive knowledge compared with the control group (n= 39) but showed non-significant improvements for preventive behavior.In situtests with realistic seduction situations revealed no improvement. The intervention proved to be safe, but several risks need to be considered.DiscussionThis is the first study that evaluates a behavioral prevention program on sexual abuse for children with ID on a high level of evidence. Group interventions empowering girls with ID to recognize abuse situations are suitable to enhance sexual preventive knowledge but are less suitable to enhance preventive behavior. Naturalistic settings are indispensable for providing evidence for preventive interventions in children with ID.
Cardiovascular Response of Aged Outpatients With Systemic Diseases During Tooth Extraction: A Single-Center Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Li Jinjin , Tian Zhiyan , Qi Shuqun , Zhang Jiankang , Li Longjiang , Pan Jian 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAged people are maintaining many natural teeth due to improved oral health. However, compromised general health and poor oral hygiene habits at earlier ages resulted in poor status of preserved teeth. Therefore, tooth extraction is required in many aged people. More knowledge is needed because there are many risk factors during the surgery in frail aged adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular response of such a population during tooth extraction and analyze risk factors to provide clinical guidance.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on aged patients with systemic diseases who underwent tooth extraction. Data regarding demographic profiles and cardiovascular parameters of heart rate and blood pressure were collected preoperative, when local anesthesia was administered, at the beginning of tooth extraction, 5 min after tooth extraction, and postoperative. The effects of risk factors, including age, sex, and systemic diseases on these parameters were analyzed with a multilevel model.ResultsHeart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of aged patients increased significantly when performing local anesthesia and tooth extraction. During the operation, the older patients (β = 2.011, P = 0.005) and the diabetics (β = 3.902, P &lt; 0.0001) were associated with higher SBP, while those with more tooth extractions exhibited higher HR (β = 0.893, P = 0.007). Women patients showed both significantly elevated HR (β = 1.687, P &lt; 0.0001) and SBP (β = 2.268, P &lt; 0.0001). However, for coronary artery disease patients, HR (β = −2.747, P &lt; 0.0001) and blood pressure [SBP (β = −4.094, P &lt; 0.0001) and DBP (β = −0.87, P = 0.016)] were markedly lower than those of patients without a diagnosis of coronary artery disease.ConclusionCardiovascular response of aged outpatients with systemic diseases during tooth extraction is quite significant. Age, sex, systemic diseases, and the number of tooth extraction could be risk factors closely associated with cardiovascular response. The findings might provide safety guidance for dentists on tooth extraction in this population.
Variation of Anxiety and Depression During a 3-Year Period as Well as Their Risk Factors and Prognostic Value in Postoperative Bladder Cancer Patients
Authors: Guo Meiling , Li Yanjie , Wang Wentao , Kang Xu , Chen Guiyun 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAnxiety and depression are commonly recognized and prognostically relevant in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to explore the 3-year longitudinal changes in anxiety and depression, their risk factors, and prognostic value in patients with bladder cancer.MethodsHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) scores of 120 postoperative bladder cancer patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were assessed. Additionally, the HADS-A and HADS-D scores of bladder cancer patients were determined at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years post surgery.ResultsHADS-A score (7.7 ± 3.0 vs. 4.8 ± 2.6), anxiety rate (38.3% vs. 9.0%), HADS-D score (7.7 ± 3.3 vs. 4.3 ± 2.6), depression rate (40.0% vs. 11.0%), as well as anxiety degree and depression degree, were all increased in bladder cancer patients compared with HCs (all P &lt; 0.001). Besides, the HADS-A score gradually increased from baseline to 3 years (P = 0.004), while the anxiety rate, HADS-D score, and depression rate did not change significantly (all P &gt; 0.050). Gender, tumor size, marriage status, hypertension, diversity, and lymph node (LN) metastasis were associated with anxiety or depression in patients with bladder cancer (all P &lt; 0.050). Anxiety was associated with shortened overall survival (OS) (P = 0.024) but did not link with disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.201); depression was not correlated with either DFS or OS (both P &gt; 0.050).ConclusionThe prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression are high in patients with bladder cancer, which are influenced by gender, tumor features, marriage status, and hypertension; in addition, their correlation with survival is relatively weak.
Development of an Administrative Data-Based Frailty Index for Older Adults Receiving Dialysis
Authors: Hall Rasheeda K. , Morton Sarah , Wilson Jonathan , Kim Dae Hyun , Colón-Emeric Cathleen , Scialla Julia J. , Platt Alyssa , Ephraim Patti L. , Boulware L. Ebony , Pendergast Jane 
Published: July 2022

Key Points

Accounting for comorbidity, this frailty index demonstrates an independent association with mortality and hospitalizations.This frailty index has potential application for both observational studies and population health management.

Background
Frailty is present in ≥50% of older adults receiving dialysis. Our objective was to a develop an administrative data–based frailty index and assess the frailty index’s predictive validity for mortality and future hospitalizations.

Methods
We used United States Renal Data System data to establish two cohorts of adults aged ≥65 years, initiating dialysis in 2013 and in 2017. Using the 2013 cohort (development dataset), we applied the deficit accumulation index approach to develop a frailty index. Adjusting for age and sex, we assessed the extent to which the frailty index predicts the hazard of time until death and time until first hospitalization over 12 months. We assessed the Harrell’s C-statistic of the frailty index, a comorbidity index, and jointly. The 2017 cohort was used as a validation dataset.

Results
Using the 2013 cohort (n=20,974), we identified 53 deficits for the frailty index across seven domains: disabilities, diseases, equipment, procedures, signs, tests, and unclassified. Among those with ≥1 deficit, the mean (SD) frailty index was 0.30 (0.13), range 0.02–0.72. Over 12 months, 18% (n=3842) died, and 55% (n=11,493) experienced a hospitalization. Adjusted hazard ratios for each 0.1-point increase in frailty index in models of time to death and time to first hospitalization were 1.41 (95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 1.44) and 1.33 (95% confidence interval, 1.31 to 1.35), respectively. For mortality, C-statistics for frailty index, comorbidity index, and both indices were 0.65, 0.65, and 0.66, respectively. For hospitalization, C-statistics for frailty index, comorbidity index, and both indices were 0.61, 0.60, and 0.61, respectively. Data from the 2017 cohort were similar.

Conclusions
We developed a novel frailty index for older adults receiving dialysis. Further studies are needed to improve on this frailty index and validate its use for clinical and research applications.
Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 Inhibits Albuminuria in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyi , Higdon Lauren , Gaudet Alexandre , Shah Manav , Balistieri Angela , Li Catherine , Nadai Patricia , Palaniappan Latha , Yang Xiaoping , Santo Briana , Ginley Brandon , Wang Xiaoxin X. , Myakala Komuraiah , Nallagatla Pratima , Levi Moshe , Sarder Pinaki , Rosenberg Avi , Maltzman Jonathan S. , de Freitas Caires Nathalie , Bhalla Vivek 
Published: July 2022

Key Points

Circulating endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (Esm-1) inversely correlates with diabetic kidney disease.Addition of Esm-1 in susceptible mice reduces albuminuria, and deletion of Esm-1 in resistant mice mildly worsens albuminuria.Esm-1 attenuates podocyte injury and select IFN signaling, highlighting innate immunity as a potential mechanism of kidney disease.

Background
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of kidney failure in the world, and novel predictive biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of disease are needed. Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (Esm-1) is a secreted proteoglycan that attenuates inflammation. We previously identified that a glomerular deficiency of Esm-1 associates with more pronounced albuminuria and glomerular inflammation in DKD-susceptible relative to DKD-resistant mice, but its contribution to DKD remains unexplored.

Methods
Using hydrodynamic tail-vein injection, we overexpress Esm-1 in DKD-susceptible DBA/2 mice and delete Esm-1 in DKD-resistant C57BL/6 mice to study the contribution of Esm-1 to DKD. We analyze clinical indices of DKD, leukocyte infiltration, podocytopenia, and extracellular matrix production. We also study transcriptomic changes to assess potential mechanisms of Esm-1 in glomeruli.

Results
In DKD-susceptible mice, Esm-1 inversely correlates with albuminuria and glomerular leukocyte infiltration. We show that overexpression of Esm-1 reduces albuminuria and diabetes-induced podocyte injury, independent of changes in leukocyte infiltration. Using a complementary approach, we find that constitutive deletion of Esm-1 in DKD-resistant mice modestly increases the degree of diabetes-induced albuminuria versus wild-type controls. By glomerular RNAseq, we identify that Esm-1 attenuates expression of kidney disease–promoting and interferon (IFN)-related genes, including Ackr2 and Cxcl11.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that, in DKD-susceptible mice, Esm-1 protects against diabetes-induced albuminuria and podocytopathy, possibly through select IFN signaling. Companion studies in patients with diabetes suggest a role of Esm-1 in human DKD.
Dielectric property and polarization mechanism of sodium silicate glass in GHz–THz range
Authors: Kanehara Kazuki , Urata Shingo , Yasuhara Sou , Tsurumi Takaaki , Hoshina Takuya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Glass is a candidate of dielectric materials for high-frequency communication technologies, and it is important to clarify the dielectric function of glass in GHz–THz range. In this study, the complex permittivities of silica glass and sodium silicate glasses were measured at 0.5–15 THz using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and terahertz spectroscopic ellipsometer systems. The dielectric permittivity and loss of silica glass were extremely low in the GHz band, whereas those of sodium silicate glasses were relatively high in the GHz band. The dielectric dispersion at frequencies lower than 9 THz became larger with increasing Na content, and the dispersion greatly affected the dielectric permittivity and loss in the GHz band. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that vibrations and migrations of Na ions occur in the frequency range of GHz to THz, and the dielectric dispersion at frequencies below 9 THz is due to the vibrations and migrations of Na ions, which are easily moved by an electric field. These results suggested that glass materials with a low amount of alkali metal ions are required when glass materials are applied as a high-frequency dielectric material.
Wideband subwavelength acoustic edge detection via trapped modes with breaking structural periodicity
Authors: Xie Shuhuan , Ding Hua , Zhou Zhiling , Li Yong , Hao Tong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The wave manipulation through acoustic metamaterials and the application in realizing the super-resolution edge detection has been achieved by the trapped resonance coupling with evanescent waves. Here, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate that the working bandwidth of such edge detection can be effectively broadened by increasing the side length ratio of the narrow segments to the wide segments, and the imaging resolution is mainly determined by the size of the first narrow segment of the edge detector. By breaking the periodicity of these segments, the wide working bandwidth (∼900 Hz) and the imaging resolution of 0.11λ are experimentally verified.
Enhancement of the contrast for a hexagonal boron nitride monolayer placed on a silicon nitride/silicon substrate
Authors: Hattori Yoshiaki , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Kitamura Masatoshi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We propose a visualization technique for identifying an exfoliated monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flake placed on a SiN
x
/Si substrate. The use of a Si substrate with a 63 nm thick SiN
x
film enhanced the contrast of monolayer hBN at wavelengths of 480 and 530 nm by up to 12% and −12%, respectively. The maximum contrast for the Si substrate with SiN
x
is more than four times as large as that for a Si substrate with a ∼90 or ∼300 nm SiO2 film. Based on the results of the reflectance spectrum measurement and numerical calculations, the enhancement is discussed.