bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of LaCoxNi1‐xO3 perovskites as heterogeneous catalysts for phenolics degradation by persulfate activation
Authors: Latsiou Angeliki , Lykos Christos , Bairamis Feidias , Konstantinou Ioannis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDDuring the last few years, perovskite materials have been widely investigated as catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and persulfate (PS) activation in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the degradation of various pollutants. In the present work, a sequence of LaCoxNi1‐xO3 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1) perovskite materials was synthesized by sol–gel method using glycolic acid ethoxylate lauryl ether anionic surfactant as soft template.RESULTSThe physicochemical properties of the prepared materials were studied by several techniques, such as N2 porosimetry, Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR FT‐IR), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The catalytic activity towards phenolic degradation by persulfate (PS) activation was studied and, based on the reaction rate constant values, the order of increasing catalytic performance was LaCoO3 < LaCo0.75Ni0.25O3 < LaCo0.5Ni0.5O3 < LaCo0.25Ni0.75O3 < LaNiO3. The perovskites that exhibited optimal catalytic activity (i.e., LaCo0.25Ni0.75O3 and LaNiO3) were further evaluated for their stability, reusability, and catalytic mechanism. Finally, according to scavenging experiments, 1O2, SO4•‐, and •OH generated with 1O2 played the dominant role in phenolic degradation.CONCLUSIONThe substitution of Co by Ni in LaCoO3 materials showed an increase in their catalytic activity towards phenolic oxidation through persulfate activation. The results provide insights into the characterization and mechanisms of novel perovskite catalysts and their applications for the removal of organic pollutants by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Further studies improving the stability and reusability of the catalysts should be conducted. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Attitudes towards and sociodemographic determinants of genetic test usage in the USA; data from the Health Information National Trend Survey, 2020
Authors: Swoboda Christine M. , Wijayabahu Akemi T. , Fareed Naleef 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the trends in who obtains genetic tests, and opinions about how genes affect health. Cross‐sectional survey data from Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 5, Cycle 4 was used. This data was collected from adults 18 years of age or older who completed mailed surveys sent by the National Cancer Institute between January and April 2020. The sample consisted of 2,947 respondents who answered the question ‘Have you ever had a genetic test’? 727 had a test and 2,220 did not have a test. The measures used included survey questions that asked whether respondents obtained certain kinds of genetic tests, who they shared test results with, whether they believed genes affect health status, and their demographic and cancer status information. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed to assess which demographic variables were associated with having different kinds of genetic tests, and whether those who had genetic tests had different opinions about genetic testing and the influence of genes on health. We found that female respondents [OR: 1.9; CI: (1.2–3.1)] had higher odds of having any genetic tests while Hispanic [OR: 0.5; CI: (0.2–1.0)] respondents had lower odds. Our findings indicate that there are demographic disparities in who received genetic tests, and that cancer risk alone does not explain the differences in prevalence of genetic testing.
Race may modify the association between blood type and COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Luo Jiajun , Craver Andrew , Zakin Paul , Stepniak Liz , Moore Kayla , King Jaime , Kibriya Muhammad G. , Johnson Julie , Olopade Christopher O. , Pinto Jayant M. , Kim Karen , Ahsan Habibul , Aschebrook‐Kilfoy Briseis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the race/ethnicity‐specific association between blood type and COVID‐19 susceptibility during March, 2020 and December, 2021 using data from the electronic health record at the University of Chicago Medicine. The study population was stratified into four groups: non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and other. Log‐binomial generalized mixed model was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). When compared to blood type O, type B was associated with positive COVID‐19 test in Blacks (RR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02–1.23), Whites (RR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.99–1.66), and Hispanic (RR = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.97–1.92).
Study on the interaction mechanism between luteoloside and xanthine oxidase by multi‐spectroscopic and molecular docking methods
Authors: Chen Junliang , Wang Yuxiao , Pan Xinyu , Cheng Ye , Liu Jianli , Cao Xiangyu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGout is an inflammatory joint disease caused by urate crystal deposition, which is associated with hyperuricemia. Gout will take place when the uric acid accumulates. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a crucial enzyme in the formation of uric acid. Inhibiting XO is one of the means to ameliorate gout. Luteoloside is a kind of natural flavonoid, which has an excellent prospect for relieving gout. But there are few reports on the interaction mechanism between luteoloside and XO currently. In this study, the interaction mechanism between luteoloside and XO was explored using spectroscopy and molecular docking. The fluorescence spectroscopy results indicated that luteoloside could make the intrinsic fluorescence of XO quenched, and the binding constant between luteoloside and XO was (1.85 ± 0.22) × 103 L mol−1 at 298 K. The synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy results showed that the absorption peaks of Tyr and Trp shifted blue, and the hydrophobicity of the microenvironment increased. Moreover, CD spectra showed that α‐helix of XO decreased, β‐sheet and β‐turn increased after adding luteoloside. The results of molecular docking analysis showed that XO could combine with luteoloside through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic force. The results indicated that luteoloside could remarkably interact with XO. Insights into the interaction mechanism provide a necessary basis for the search for low‐toxic natural products as targets of XO.Highlights
Luteoloside and xanthine oxidase was a strong binding mode and had only one binding site.
Luteoloside could cause α‐helix reduced, β‐sheet and β‐turn increased, and change the secondary structure of XO.
The binding between luteoloside and xanthine oxidase was a spontaneous process.
The main binding force was hydrophobic force between luteoloside and xanthine oxidase.
Contextualisation of salinisation and adaptation preferences in the coastal areas of Bangladesh: Bringing together farmers' salinity perspectives into place‐based policy initiatives
Authors: Islam Md Aminul , Lobry de Bruyn Lisa , Koech Richard , Warwick Nigel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe salinisation of coastal areas in Bangladesh reduces livelihood options for rice intensification but offers a more suitable environment for shrimp and salt farming. Thus, farmers' salinity perspectives might vary resulting in contested land use settings that may create uncertainties for policymakers in planning adaptation initiatives to address salinisation. The aim of this study was to examine co‐located farmers' salinisation perspectives (e.g., trends, causes, impacts), and to demonstrate its potential for place‐based policy initiatives and research prioritisation for sustainable agricultural development in the coastal areas. Primary data were collected from randomly selected rice, shrimp and salt prodcrs/farmers in two coastal sub‐districts through semi‐structured interviews at the household level. Furthermore, key informant interviews were conducted with personnel from research and extension organisations at national and local levels to complement the survey results. Perceptions of the salinity extent contrasted starkly among the various types of farmers. While the majority of rice farmers (87%) perceived increased salinity, just over half of the salt and shrimp farmers perceived that salinity had decreased over the last 20 years. There was also a lack of agreement on the causes of salinity, with most rice farmers (62%) indicating anthropogenic factors as the main causes, while the majority of shrimp and salt farmers focused more on natural factors. Rice farmers (42%) also perceived a reduction in yield followed by less income (30%) under saline conditions, while shrimp farmers (70%) and salt farmers (55%) perceived production gains when high salinity prevailed. The adaptation preferences to combat salinity were also at odds between different types of farmers, with rice farmers having adaptation preferences for the development of salinity‐tolerant rice varieties that should have greater tolerance at the reproductive stages, while shrimp and salt farmers' preferences were for engineering‐based solutions to prevent seawater inundation during cyclones. Thus, research and extension services on integrated coastal resources management need to consider tailoring their approach to accommodate varied livelihood perspectives of salinity, as this place‐based approach could accelerate the pace of achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs), such as SDG‐1, SDG‐2 and SDG‐3 due to a more strategic targeting of farmer types and their context.
Plateau pika burrowing and yak grazing jointly determine ecosystem greenhouse gas emissions of alpine meadow
Authors: Wang Yingxin , Sun Jian , Hou Shuaijun , Tan Yuhui , Wang Zhaofeng , Chang Shenghua , Chen Junhe , Qian Yongqiang , Chu Jianmin , Hou Fujiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDomestic yak (Bos grunniens) have coexisted with plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) for thousands of and they play irreplaceable roles in shaping the structure and function of alpine meadow ecosystem. However, the mechanisms whereby the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions change in response to the interactive effects between yak grazing and plateau pika burrowing remain unclear. In this study, we examined the response of ecosystem GHG emissions (CO2, CH4, and N2O flux) to yak grazing and pika burrowing in alpine meadow in Zoige County, China. The GHG emissions was measured with a static opaque chamber method. Our results revealed that CO2, CH4, N2O flux and CO2‐eq were significantly influenced by yak grazing and pika burrowing independently, and in conjunction. Crucially, the relative importance of pika burrowing was higher than yak grazing on a pastoral scale. Specifically, high pika burrowing led to an increase of 440.29%, and 110.72% for CO2‐eq relative to low pika burrowing under moderate and heavy yak grazing situations, respectively. The value of CO2‐eq with low pika burrowing was negative, especially under light yak grazing conditions. Furthermore, we found that GHG emissions were sensitive to plant species richness, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil organic carbon, and soil microbial factors. Structural equation modeling indicated that pika burrowing can affect CO2‐eq though altering soil temperature and belowground biomass under heavy yak grazing conditions and changing soil moisture and soil microbe under light yak grazing. The results of this study enrich our understanding of the role of small burrowing mammals in the carbon sequestration of alpine meadow. In the context of the carbon neutrality of alpine grassland ecosystem, small mammals' activities and their interactions with domestic livestock‐induced changes in microtopography on GHG emissions should not be neglected.
Polyolefin Innovations toward Circularity and Sustainable Alternatives
Authors: Westlie Andrea H. , Chen Eugene Y.‐X. , Holland Chris M. , Stahl Shannon S. , Doyle Meredith , Trenor Scott R. , Knauer Katrina M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe unprecedented growth and socioeconomic impacts of polyolefins clearly outline a major success story in the world of polymer science. Polyolefins revolutionizes industries such as health care, construction, and food packaging. Despite the benefits of polyolefins, there is a rising concern for the environment due to high production volume (i.e., fossil fuel consumption), often short usage time, and problems related to waste management and accumulation in the natural environment. Creating a circular economy for polyolefins through effective recycling technologies has the potential to decrease the environmental impact of these materials. This perspective discusses polyolefins and their impact, existing and emerging recycling/upcycling solutions, and recycle‐by‐design alternatives that are challenging the status quo.
Technical note: Characteristics of the energy spread kernels of scattered radiation in an x‐ray room
Authors: González‐López Antonio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo describe the scattered radiation spectra inside an x‐ray room for different scattering conditions.MethodsMonte Carlo simulations of an x‐ray room using phantoms of different size, varying field sizes, and a range of mono‐energetic beams were carried out. For each energy, the particle fluence spectrum of scattered photons was collected at different spherical zones to describe the radiation reaching the different boundaries of the x‐ray room. The effect on the scattered spectrum of the room floor was also considered.ResultsThe scattered spectra for mono‐energetic primary beams at a given spherical zone give rise to oriented energy spread kernels (OESKs) that can be used to calculate the scattered spectrum for any poly‐energetic beam at that zone. Despite the large differences, which can be seen in the OESKs when the scattering conditions vary, an important invariance is also observed: the position of the broad scatter peak for a given primary energy and zone.ConclusionsThe result of breaking down the calculation of the scattered radiation spectrum into the different factors that influence it allows estimating the spectrum in a wide range of situations. The invariant position of the broad scatter peak can be used to estimate the highest energy of the scattered photons for a given primary energy and zone, which may determine radiation shielding needs.
A data‐driven bond‐based peridynamic model derived from group method of data handling neural network with genetic algorithm
Authors: Yu Xiang‐Long , Zhou Xiao‐Ping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn the governing equation of motion of bond‐based peridynamics, the acceleration of a material point can be considered as the response function of all the displacements of material points in the horizon and a micro stiffness containing Young's modulus and length scale. A group method of data handling (GMDH) neural network is first developed to explicitly derive the discrete bond‐based peridynamic equation of motion based on measured data in this study rather than traditional complicated mathematical derivation. In order to discover the optimal structure more efficiently and to avoid exhaustive search, genetic algorithm is incorporated into GMDH structure. It is found that the prediction results obtained by GMDH model agree well with measured values both for training and testing data. Moreover, the derived equation of motion is expressed as the product of parameter composed of Young's modulus and length scale and linear combination of displacements of material points in the horizon, which is in accordance with the original bond‐based peridynamic formulation. Furthermore, numerical benchmarks associated with elastic deformation and crack problems are performed and compared with analytical solution or finite element analysis result to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed model.
Quality analysis of hawthorn leaves (the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var major N.E.Br) in different harvest time
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zhou Ming , Chai Rui‐ping , Liang Hai‐zhen , Zhang Jie , Zhao Ye , Zheng Xiao‐hui , Jin Yan , Guo Bao‐lin , Ma Bai‐ping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionHarvest time plays an important role on the quality of medicinal plants. The leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var major N.E.Br (hawthorn leaves) could be harvested in summer and autumn according to the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (Pharmacopoeia). However, little is known about the difference of the chemical constituents in hawthorn leaves with the harvest seasonal variations.ObjectiveThe chemical constituents of hawthorn leaves in different months were comprehensively analysed to determine the best harvest time.MethodsInitially, the chemical information of the hawthorn leaves were obtained by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS). Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to compare the chemical compositions of hawthorn leaves harvested in different months. Then, an absolute quantitation method was established using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐charged aerosol detector (HPLC‐CAD) to determine the contents of five compounds and clarify the changes of these components with the harvest seasonal variations. Meanwhile, a semi‐quantitative method by integrating HPLC‐CAD with inverse gradient compensation was also established and verified.ResultsFifty‐eight compounds were identified through UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS. PCA revealed that the harvest season of hawthorn leaves had a significant effect on the chemical compositions. The contents of five components were relatively high in autumn. Other four main components without reference standards were further analysed through the semi‐quantitative method, which also showed a high content in autumn.ConclusionsThis work emphasised the effect of harvest time on the chemical constituents of hawthorn leaves and autumn is recommended to ensure the quality.
Integrating a Bacillus‐based product with fungicides by foliar application to protect soybean: a sustainable approach to avoid exclusive use of chemicals
Authors: Santos Fabio M , Viera Laura S , Camargo Darcila P , Muniz Marlove FB , Costa Ivan FD , Guedes Jerson VC , Santos Jansen RP , Silva Julio CP 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiological control is widely applied against soybean (Glycine max L.) soil‐borne pathogens by furrow or seed treatments. The efficiency of bioproducts and timing of application by foliar sprays against soybean pathogens needs to be more fully understood. This work investigated the efficiency of foliar application with a Bacillus subtilis‐based product (BBP) to protect soybean from multiple pathogens and the best moment to apply it considering its compatibility with fungicides.RESULTSFoliar applications (from stages V6 to R4) with BBP, mancozeb (M) and systemic fungicides (S) applied against Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), BBP followed by S (BBP‐S), BBP along with S (S + BBP), S along with M (S + M) or water were carried out in a soybean field for two years. The treatments S + BBP, S + M and BBP‐S reduced the severity of Asian rust by 82% compared to the control. Except for M, all treatments reduced the severity of other foliar diseases by >60%. The defoliation was reduced by BBP and BBP‐S, whereas the yield was 25% higher than control by using BBP, S + M, S + BBP or BBP‐S. Also, the incidence of Fusarium sp. was significantly reduced on seeds from treatments BBP and BBP‐S. The compatibility tests in Petri dishes demonstrated that all fungicides decreased the bacterial growth when applied along with BBP, whereas previous applications of BBP did not reduce the bacterial growth.CONCLUSIONSThe BBP protected soybean against multiple pathogens, reduced defoliation and promoted soybean yield similarly to conventional fungicides, but in general, the early application of the BBP was the most efficient protection. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Feeding behaviour and mortality of Philaenus spumarius exposed to insecticides and their impact on Xylella fastidiosa transmission
Authors: Lago Clara , Cornara Daniele , Minutillo Serena Anna , Moreno Aránzazu , Fereres Alberto 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsecticides are essential, though controversial tools in modern pest management. Insecticides can slow the spread of key vector‐borne plant pathogens, but often lead to inconsistent results given that insecticide use is generally focused on acute toxicity under no‐choice conditions. Here, we analysed the lethal (survival) and sublethal (feeding behaviour) effects of six commercial products (acetamiprid, deltamethrin, spinosad, sulfoxaflor, pyrethrin and kaolin) on Philaenus spumarius, vector of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of insecticides displaying different degrees of acute toxicity against spittlebugs (highest to lowest: acetamiprid, pyrethrin and kaolin) on the transmission of X. fastidiosa by P. spumarius under both free‐choice and no‐choice conditions.RESULTSDeltamethrin, acetamiprid and to a limited extent pyrethrin significantly altered the feeding behaviour of P. spumarius. Deltamethrin and acetamiprid were highly toxic against P. spumarius, but the mortality induced by exposure to pyrethrin was limited overall. By contrast, spinosad, sulfoxaflor and kaolin did not significantly impact P. spumarius feeding behaviour or survival. Under no‐choice conditions, both pyrethrin and acetamiprid reduced the X. fastidiosa inoculation rate compared with kaolin and the control. On the other hand, pyrethrin reduced transmission, but acetamiprid failed to significantly affect bacterial inoculation under free‐choice conditions.CONCLUSIONPyrethrin was the only compound able to reduce X. fastidiosa transmission under both free‐choice and no‐choice conditions. Xylella fastidiosa management strategy based exclusively on the evaluation of insecticide acute toxicity under no‐choice conditions would most likely fail to prevent, or slow, bacterial spread. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The G143A/S substitution of mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b (Cytb) in Magnaporthe oryzae confers resistance to quinone outside inhibitors
Authors: Li Tao , Xu Jinke , Gao Han , Cao Zhiguo , Wang Jianxin , Cai Yiqiang , Duan Yabing , Zhou Mingguo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is a destructive disease threatening the production of staple foods worldwide. Quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) are a group of chemicals exhibiting excellent activity against a majority of plant pathogens, with the disadvantage that pathogens can easily develop resistance to QoIs.RESULTSHere, we investigated the activity of picoxystrobin against M. oryzae, which showed a great inhibitory effect on 100 strains of M. oryzae with half‐maximal effective concentrations (EC50) ranging from 0.0251 to 0.1337 μg ml−1. The EC50 values showed a continuous unimodal distribution that was identical to the normal distribution, suggesting the potency of our study to represent baseline sensitivity. In addition, nine resistant mutants were obtained by exposing M. oryzae to a high dosage of picoxystrobin in the laboratory; all of them showed cross‐resistance to the other five QoI fungicides. Although some mutants showed a decreased resistance factor after ten successive cultures on fungicide‐free medium, the resistance to picoxystrobin was still inheritable. Amino acid substitution of G143S was detected in eight of nine picoxystrobin‐resistant mutants, and G143A was detected in only one of nine mutants. A fitness penalty was found in the mutants carrying G143S rather than G143A.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggested that M. oryzae had a mid to high risk of resistance to picoxystrobin. Considering this, we should be vigilant to the resistance risk and apply picoxystrobin sensibly in the field. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.