bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inducing somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells is an important platform to study the mechanism of early embryonic development
Authors: Cui Guina , Xu Yanwen , Cao Shuyuan , Shi Kerong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe early embryonic development starts with the totipotent zygote upon fertilization of differentiated sperm and egg, which undergoes a range of reprogramming and transformation to acquire pluripotency. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), a nonclonal technique to produce stem cells, are originated from differentiated somatic cells via accomplishment of cell reprogramming, which shares common reprogramming process with early embryonic development. iPSCs are attractive in recent years due to the potentially significant applications in disease modeling, potential value in genetic improvement of husbandry animal, regenerative medicine, and drug screening. This review focuses on introducing the research advance of both somatic cell reprogramming and early embryonic development, indicating that the mechanisms of iPSCs also shares common features with that of early embryonic development in several aspects, such as germ cell factors, DNA methylation, histone modification, and/or X chromosome inactivation. As iPSCs can successfully avoid ethical concerns that are naturally present in the embryos and/or embryonic stem cells, the practicality of somatic cell reprogramming (iPSCs) could provide an insightful platform to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the early embryonic development.
5‐Ethylidene‐2‐norbornene Polymerization by α‐Diimine Nickel Catalyst: A Revealing Insight into the Pivotal Function of Binuclear and Mononuclear Catalyst Structure in Tailoring Polymer Architecture
Authors: Mansouri Samira , Omidvar Mojtaba , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi , Ahmadjo Saeid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present investigation is undertaken to provide a deeper understanding of the 5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene (ENB) homopolymerization. To this end, binuclear and mononuclear nickel α‐diimine catalysts, as well as modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) as a cocatalyst, are selected and utilized. Al/Ni ratio of 1000 coupled with a temperature 25 °C and a polymerization time 12 h are chosen as the optimal statistics. It is shown that the highest obtained activity for binuclear and mononuclear catalysts are 511 and 478 kg polymer/mol, respectively. Thereafter, the characterization of the obtained poly 5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene (PENB) is performed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Concerning the glass transition of cyclic polyolefin, DSC analysis reveals that catalyst structure is a determining factor (Tg binuclear: 176 °C and Tg mononuclear: 140 °C). As validated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), it is realized that the alteration in the catalyst structure exerts a far‐reaching influence on the polymer architecture. Surprisingly unexpectedly, excluding addition polymerization, an in‐depth examination of polymer structure uncovers the potentially tenable participation of both cationic and ring‐opening polymerization, albeit, with a diversified degree of contribution. Lastly, PENB is functionalized with three functional groups, and then the successful grafting of polar functional groups into modified cyclic polyolefin backbone is confirmed by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy.
Effective magnetic susceptibility of 3D‐printed porous metal scaffolds
Authors: Hong Greg , Liu Junmin , Cobos Santiago F. , Khazaee Tina , Drangova Maria , Holdsworth David W. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurpose3D‐printed porous metal scaffolds are a promising emerging technology in orthopedic implant design. Compared to solid metal implants, porous metal implants have lower magnetic susceptibility values, which have a direct impact on imaging time and image quality. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between porosity and effective susceptibility through quantitative estimates informed by comparing coregistered scanned and simulated field maps.MethodsFive porous scaffold cylinders were designed and 3D‐printed in titanium alloy (Ti‐6Al‐4V) with nominal porosities ranging from 60% to 90% using a cellular sheet‐based gyroid design. The effective susceptibility of each cylinder was estimated by comparing acquired B0 field maps against simulations of a solid cylinder of varying assigned magnetic susceptibility, where the orientation and volume of interest of the simulations was informed by a custom alignment phantom.ResultsMagnitude images and field maps showed obvious decreases in artifact size and field inhomogeneity with increasing porosity. The effective susceptibility was found to be linearly correlated with porosity (R2 = 0.9993). The extrapolated 100% porous (no metal) magnetic susceptibility was −9.9 ppm, closely matching the expected value of pure water (−9 ppm), indicating a reliable estimation of susceptibility.ConclusionEffective susceptibility of porous metal scaffolds is linearly correlated with porosity. Highly porous implants have sufficiently low effective susceptibilities to be more amenable to routine imaging with MRI.
Causes and consequences of diagnostic delay in Guillain‐Barré syndrome in a UK tertiary center
Authors: Bose Smriti , Loo Lay Khoon , Rajabally Yusuf A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsUnderstanding the potential causes and consequences of diagnostic delay in Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) could improve quality of care and outcomes. We aimed to determine these causes and consequences in our cohort of patients with GBS.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed records of subjects with GBS, admitted to our center at University Hospitals Birmingham, UK, between January 2005 and December 2020. We evaluated time to diagnosis from presentation, factors associated with diagnostic delay, and its potential consequences.ResultsWe included 119 consecutive subjects. Diagnostic delay at least 5 days from first presentation occurred in 27 of 119 (22.7%) of patients. Diagnostic delay was associated with age >60 years (odds ratio [OR], 3.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44‐8.85), pre‐existing cardiac/respiratory disease (OR, 4.10; 95% CI, 1.46‐11.54), pre‐existing diabetes (OR, 10.38; 95% CI, 2.47‐43.69), documented normal initial neurological examination (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.03‐6.02), initial assessment by primary care (OR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.22‐9.10) and at least one visit for medical attention (OR, 10.29; 95% CI, 3.81‐27.77). Diagnostic delay was not associated with length of inpatient stay, intensive care unit admission, ventilation, ability to walk at discharge, or inpatient mortality. Independent associations with diagnostic delay were observed for at least one visit for medical attention (OR, 10.15; 95% CI, 3.64‐28.32) and pre‐existing cardiac/respiratory disease (OR, 3.98; 95% CI, 1.19‐13.28). An association of diagnostic delay with inpatient mortality was ascertained specifically in subjects with classic GBS (OR, 5.33; 95% CI, 1.1‐25.87).DiscussionDiagnostic delay in GBS results from patient‐specific factors and patient pathways. A high index of suspicion is appropriate for certain patient groups. Prospective studies are needed to further investigate this topic.
A review of the efficacy of appetite stimulating medications in hospitalized adults
Authors: Steiner Lea , Brunetti Luigi , Roberts Susan , Ziegler Jane 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of evidence on efficacy of appetite‐stimulating medications is limited to specific populations and the outpatient treatment setting. However, hospitalized adults remain at risk for poor appetite and inadequate intake.MethodThe purpose of this review was to assess recent evidence on the efficacy of dronabinol, megestrol acetate, and mirtazapine (used to stimulate appetite) on promoting change in intake; somatic symptoms, such as appetite and nausea; and weight change during hospital stay. The population was limited to hospitalized adults or adults who demonstrated a need for appetite stimulation during hospitalization.ResultsOf the 382 articles screened, four met inclusion criteria (one randomized control trial, two retrospective cohort studies, and one retrospective case series). Based on the studies included, these appetite stimulants have limited efficacy on improving appetite and meal intake. There was no significant change in weight.ConclusionCurrent data lack standardization, generalizability, and comparability, and higher quality evidence is needed before conclusions can be identified on the efficacy of dronabinol, megestrol acetate, and mirtazapine in the inpatient setting.
Power generation control of restructured hybrid power system with FACTS and energy storage devices using optimal cascaded fractional‐order controller
Authors: Farooq Zahid , Rahman Asadur , Lone Shameem Ahmad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work presents power generation control of a two‐area hybrid restructured power system, initially integrated with renewable energy source (RES) and electric vehicle (EV). For further analysis, additional inclusion of FACTS and energy storage devices in the two‐area hybrid restructured power system is to be analyzed for improved system dynamics. The hybrid restructured power system is a complex nonlinear system that brings light to the major problem of system dynamic control due to insufficient damping under varying loading circumstances. To solve this problem, a robust control approach with rapid acting controllable and storage devices are an immediate need for advanced power system. Motivated from the fact that cascaded fractional order controllers exhibit better performance in comparison to classical controllers, this article proposes an advanced cascaded fractional‐order ID‐fractional‐order PD (cascaded FOID‐FOPD) controller for system performance enhancement of hybrid restructured power system. The maiden application of satin bower bird optimizer technique to optimize the secondary controller gains is employed. The proposed controller's superiority is demonstrated by comparing the results to the other existing controllers. The impact of RES's generation and EVs on system dynamics for cascaded FOID‐FOPD controller is also explored. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis is done to reflect that optimized gains of cascaded FOID‐FOPD controller are supportive enough for variations in RESs, load perturbations, capacity ratio, and disco participation matrix.
Perioperative cangrelor in patients with recent percutaneous coronary intervention undergoing liver transplantation: A case series
Authors: Succar Luma , Lopez Chelsea N. , Victor David W. , Lindberg Scott A. , Saharia Ashish , Sheth Samar , Mobley Constance M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundManagement of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in the perioperative setting is challenging, particularly in complex patient populations, such as those with underlying coagulopathy and/or recent percutaneous coronary interventions.MethodsIn this case series, we describe the perioperative use of cangrelor bridge therapy in two patients undergoing liver transplantation after recent coronary drug‐eluting stent placement.OutcomesIn both patient cases, cangrelor use as a P2Y12 bridge at a dose of 0.75 μg/kg/min was safe and effective. Both patients were successfully switched back to their oral DAPT regimen post‐operatively without additive bleeding or thrombotic complications.ConclusionThe use of cangrelor as bridge therapy in high‐risk perioperative liver transplant patients appears to be a viable option when DAPT is warranted.
Methodologic implications for rehabilitation research: Differences in heart rate variability introduced by respiration
Authors: Solinsky Ryan , Schleifer Grant D. , Draghici Adina E. , Hamner Jason W. , Taylor J. Andrew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeart rate variability is a measure of autonomic activity that is growing in popularity as a research outcome. However, despite its increased use, the known effects of respiration on heart rate variability measures are rarely accounted for in rehabilitation medicine research, leading to potential misinterpretation.ObjectiveTo describe the effect that unpaced and paced breathing introduces to heart rate variability measures in a rehabilitation medicine relevant example of individuals with spinal cord injury.DesignCross‐sectional comparison of heart rate variability during unpaced and paced breathing (0.25 Hz, 15 breaths per minute) within the same individuals during the same lab session.SettingAcademic autonomic physiology laboratory.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresMean low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) heart rate variability power, percentage of total power derived from the LF spectrum, LF:HF ratio.ResultsFifty‐nine individuals with spinal cord injury completed laboratory assessments using standardized protocols (NCT02139436). In repeated measures within individuals, mean LF power was significantly higher in unpaced breathing compared to paced breathing (1292 vs. 573 ms2, p < .001). A Bland‐Altman plot demonstrated significant positive proportional bias for LF power when comparing unpaced and paced breathing conditions (R2 = 0.39). Mean HF power was similar between unpaced and paced breathing conditions, although there were wide positive and negative differences between measures, leading to notable uncertainty when respiratory confounders were not accounted for. The percentages of total power derived from the LF spectrum and the mean LF:HF ratio were both significantly higher for unpaced breathing compared to paced breathing (64 vs. 42%, p < .001; and 3.2 vs. 1.1, p < .001, respectively).ConclusionRespiration has a significant effect on heart rate variability following spinal cord injury, and not accounting for this has serious consequences for accurate interpretation of unpaced data. Future studies of heart rate variability in rehabilitation medicine should accordingly consider paced breathing.
The impact of acute skeletal muscle loss after gastrointestinal cancer surgery on physical function
Authors: Tanaka Kohei , Taoda Ayano , Kashiwagi Hirohiko 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionSignificant skeletal muscle loss occurs commonly after cancer surgery; however, the impact of postoperative acute skeletal muscle loss on physical function remains poorly understood.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of surgery‐associated acute skeletal muscle wasting on physical function in the early postoperative period in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.DesignA single‐center retrospective observational study.SettingGeneral hospital.PatientsHospitalized patients with gastrointestinal cancer who were admitted for surgery.InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresThe main outcome was the partial correlation between postoperative changes in skeletal muscle index (SMI) and physical function such as handgrip strength, gait speed, and 6‐minute walk test.ResultsA total of 69 patients (41 male and 28 female) with a mean age of 70.5 years were included. SMI was significantly correlated with physical function, such as handgrip strength (r = 0.757, p < .001), maximum gait speed (r = 0.318, p = .008), and 6‐minute walk test (r = 0.365, p = .002) before surgery. In contrast, partial correlation analysis between the absolute changes in SMI and physical function after controlling for SMI and each physical function before surgery showed no significant correlation. Multivariable linear regression analyses also showed that postoperative change in SMI was not significantly associated with the postoperative change in physical function but it was associated with the length of stay after surgery, SMI at admission, and absolute change in body fat percentage.ConclusionsThe absolute change in SMI during the early postoperative period was not linearly correlated with the degree of decline in physical function. Further studies are necessary to investigate the effects of the respective changes in skeletal muscle mass and physical function on clinical outcomes.
Capsaicin inhibits the stemness of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells by triggering autophagy‐lysosome mediated OCT4A degradation
Authors: Wu Liying , Xu Shichen , Cheng Xian , Zhang Li , Wang Yunping , Wu Jing , Bao Jiandong , Yu Huixin , Lu Rongrong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCapsaicin (CAP) is a well‐known anti‐cancer agent. Recently, we reported capsaicin‐induced apoptosis in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. It is well accepted that the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is responsible for the dedifferentiation of ATC, the most lethal subtype of thyroid cancer with highly dedifferentiation status. Whether CAP inhibited the ATC growth through targeting CSCs needed further investigation. In the present study, CAP was found to induce autophagy in ATC cells through TRPV1 activation and subsequent calcium influx. Meanwhile, CAP dose‐dependently decreased the sphere formation capacity of ATC cells. The stemness‐inhibitory effect of CAP was further by extreme limiting dilution analysis (ELDA). CAP significantly decreased the protein level of OCT4A in both 8505C and FRO cells. Furthermore, CAP‐induced OCT4A degradation was reversed by autophagy inhibitors 3‐MA and chloroquine, BAPTA‐AM and capsazepine, but not proteasome inhibitor MG132. Collectively, our study firstly showed CAP suppressed the stemness of ATC cells partially via calcium‐dependent autophagic degradation of OCT4A. Our study lent credence to the feasible application of capsaicin in limiting ATC stemness.
Sequential modeling for a class of reference‐based imputation methods in clinical trials with quantitative or binary outcomes
Authors: Fang Yixin , Jin Man 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe consider treatment effect estimation in a randomized clinical trial with longitudinally measured quantitative or categorical outcomes. To handle missing data, we usually assume missing at random and then conduct sensitivity analysis for missing not at random. In the literature, several reference‐based imputation methods, including “jump to reference” (J2R) and “copy reference” (CR), have been commonly used for conducting sensitivity analysis. J2R assumes the mean effect profile of patients who discontinue the investigative treatment jumps to that of the patients in the reference group after discontinuation, while CR assumes the conditional mean effect profile given the status prior to the time of discontinuation copies that of the patients in the reference group after discontinuation. In this article, we propose a novel, wide class of reference‐based imputation methods for conducting sensitivity analysis, which includes J2R and CR as two extreme ends. The framework is motivated by the thought that the investigative treatment may have no, partially, or fully carried‐over effect after deviation from the assigned treatment (eg, discontinue the assigned treatment or change to a different treatment). Further, we show that the proposed reference‐based imputation methods can be implemented through sequential modeling. This property ensures that the methods can be applied to clinical trials with either quantitative or categorical outcomes. We use both causal‐inference arguments and numerical examples to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methods.
Surgical and medical management of an oral spindle cell sarcoma in an African hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris)
Authors: Lacqua Andrew , Dreizen Rebecca , Helmer Peter 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 2.5‐year‐old male African hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) presented with an intraoral, soft tissue mass overlying the left mandible. A computed tomography scan and subsequent fine needle aspirate suggested a malignant spindle cell tumour. The tumour was excised with a partial hemimandibulectomy. Histopathology demonstrated an incompletely excised spindle cell sarcoma. The hedgehog underwent adjuvant therapy consisting of intravenous carboplatin and oral lomustine, followed by palliative radiation therapy once tumour recurrence was noted on follow‐up surveillance. Radiation therapy was initially successful in decreasing tumour size, but the hedgehog re‐presented a month later acutely non‐ambulatory paraparetic with a distal right antebrachial mass. Diagnostics including radiographs and fine needle aspirate were consistent with metastatic neoplasia and humane euthanasia was elected.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor‐induced regulation of RNA metabolism in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity
Authors: Costa Rui O. , Martins Luís F. , Tahiri Emanuel , Duarte Carlos B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe neurotrophin brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays multiple roles in the nervous system, including in neuronal development, in long‐term synaptic potentiation in different brain regions, and in neuronal survival. Alterations in these regulatory mechanisms account for several diseases of the nervous system. The synaptic effects of BDNF mediated by activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptors are partly mediated by stimulation of local protein synthesis which is now considered a ubiquitous feature in both presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments of the neuron. The capacity to locally synthesize proteins is of great relevance at several neuronal developmental stages, including during neurite development, synapse formation, and stabilization. The available evidence shows that the effects of BDNF–TrkB signaling on local protein synthesis regulate the structure and function of the developing and mature synapses. While a large number of studies have illustrated a wide range of effects of BDNF on the postsynaptic proteome, a growing number of studies also point to presynaptic effects of the neurotrophin in the local regulation of the protein composition at the presynaptic level. Here, we will review the latest evidence on the role of BDNF in local protein synthesis, comparing the effects on the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments. Additionally, we overview the relevance of BDNF‐associated local protein synthesis in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity, at the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments, and their relevance in terms of disease.This article is categorized under:
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein‐RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
Paddy Fields as Green Infrastructure: Their Ecosystem Services and Threatening Drivers
Authors: Osawa Takeshi , Nishida Takaaki , Oka Takashi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe paddy field is a typical ecosystem in monsoon Asia. The main purpose of a paddy field is food production (i.e., a provisioning ecosystem service), but it also has several other ecosystem services. Therefore, we can consider paddy fields as components of green infrastructure (GI) that are already widely distributed. To maintain and improve the value of paddy fields as GI, we should strive to maintain and improve other ecosystem services besides provisioning services. However, issues that reduce the value of paddy fields as GI remain, and these are related to the consolidation and abandonment of paddy fields in recent years. In this paper, we focus on two ecosystem services of paddy fields, other than the provisioning service: (1) the habitat service and (2) the regulating service. Both these services are relatively well-evaluated ecosystem services of paddy fields in Japan. We discuss the effects of both consolidation and abandonment on these ecosystem services as well as their corresponding countermeasures. Based on this, we also discuss the challenges in applying and expanding the idea of paddy fields as GI.