bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain morphometric features predict medication response in youth with bipolar disorder: a prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lei Du , Qin Kun , Li Wenbin , Pinaya Walter H. L. , Tallman Maxwell J. , Patino L. Rodrigo , Strawn Jeffrey R. , Fleck David , Klein Christina C. , Lui Su , Gong Qiyong , Adler Caleb M. , Mechelli Andrea , Sweeney John A. , DelBello Melissa P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of treatment-specific predictors of drug therapies for bipolar disorder (BD) is important because only about half of individuals respond to any specific medication. However, medication response in pediatric BD is variable and not well predicted by clinical characteristics.MethodsA total of 121 youth with early course BD (acute manic/mixed episode) were prospectively recruited and randomized to 6 weeks of double-blind treatment with quetiapine (n = 71) or lithium (n = 50). Participants completed structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline before treatment and 1 week after treatment initiation, and brain morphometric features were extracted for each individual based on MRI scans. Positive antimanic treatment response at week 6 was defined as an over 50% reduction of Young Mania Rating Scale scores from baseline. Two-stage deep learning prediction model was established to distinguish responders and non-responders based on different feature sets.ResultsPre-treatment morphometry and morphometric changes occurring during the first week can both independently predict treatment outcome of quetiapine and lithium with balanced accuracy over 75% (all p < 0.05). Combining brain morphometry at baseline and week 1 allows prediction with the highest balanced accuracy (quetiapine: 83.2% and lithium: 83.5%). Predictions in the quetiapine and lithium group were found to be driven by different morphometric patterns.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that pre-treatment morphometric measures and acute brain morphometric changes can serve as medication response predictors in pediatric BD. Brain morphometric features may provide promising biomarkers for developing biologically-informed treatment outcome prediction and patient stratification tools for BD treatment development.
In the cradle of laws: resolving coalition controversies in the executive phase of law-making
Authors: Lysek Jakub , Zbíral Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLaw-making in most parliamentary democracies is dominated by the executive. Yet so far, all research has focused on the parliamentary stage of law-making. Studies suggest that the changes to bills submitted by coalition governments are the result of coalition policies dealing with the agency loss caused by ministerial drift. This is puzzling because it is already easier and more effective for coalition parties to attempt to change the bills in the executive phase than in the parliamentary one. The article aims to close the knowledge gap, and it quantitatively explores the factors that facilitate changes during the understudied executive phase on case study of the Czech Republic. Analysis reveals that government bills are altered more during the executive phase than the parliamentary phase. While we find no significant impact caused by the distance to coalition compromise, the saliency of a bill for coalition partners has a negative influence on the ratio of changes.
Permission to bail out EU’s national flag carriers? Technocratic and political determinants of commission approval of state aid to national airlines in difficulties in the pre-COVID era
Authors: van Druenen Ruud 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe enforcement of EU state aid rules is often portrayed as mainly driven by technocratic standards, but there are indications that political factors also play a role. However, their exact impact and relationship with technocratic factors remain unknown. This article studies under which technocratic and political conditions the Commission approves or does not approve state aid to national airlines. Based on a crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis of all 14 cases of alleged state aid to national airlines between 2004 and 2019, the article shows that both the approval and non-approval of aid are predominantly dependent upon the Commission’s technocratic assessment: a low degree of market distortion turns out to be a sufficient condition for the approval of aid, whereas a high degree of market distortion is a necessary condition for the non-approval of aid. However, in some cases, political factors are decisive in determining enforcement outcomes.
Changes in the potential distribution of valuable tree species based on their regeneration in the Neotropical seasonal dry forest of north-western Argentina
Authors: Alabar Fabio , Politi Natalia , Názaro Paula , Amoroso Mariano , Rivera Luis 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe distribution of regeneration makes it possible to assess whether populations of tree species will maintain or change their distributions. For Neotropical dry forests there is little information on the potential changes in the distribution of tree species. Here, we evaluate the potential distributions of adults and seedlings of eight timber tree species of the Piedmont Forest of north-western Argentina by recording the presence of seedlings and adults in plots and modelling with MaxEnt software using three bioclimatic variables. The potential distribution areas of seedlings and adults and the percentage of overlap of seedlings with respect to adults were calculated. The potential distribution for adults was 694 457 ± 62 535 ha, and this figure was 656 564 ± 194 769 ha for seedlings. The potential distribution of seedlings of Calycophyllum multiflorum covered the smallest area (184 496 ha) and had the least overlap with the adults (18%). The difference in the overlap of the potential distribution areas between adults and seedlings suggests that there could be changes in the future distribution of this tree species and C. multiflorum should therefore be the focus of conservation strategies so that the species can follow its bioclimatic niche as the climate changes.
Patterns of moss richness in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, cannot be explained by geological or ornithogenic drivers alone
Authors: Silva Bárbara Guedes Costa , Convey Peter , Carvalho-Silva Micheline , Amorim Eduardo Toledo , Patiño Jairo , Câmara Paulo Eduardo Aguiar Saraiva 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe set out to document the diversity and distribution of bryophytes in Admiralty Bay and thereby enable the identification of patterns in local diversity and their possible drivers. Combining data extracted from different sources and recent collections, we documented the presence of 63 species. Similarity analyses of moss species diversity in relation to underlying geology and ornithogenic influence identified an identical cophenetic correlation coefficient of 0.744 for both factors. The Sørensen index was < 0.6, indicating that the groups share < 60% of the species recorded. The data showed that the selected filters (ornithogenic soils, non-ornithogenic soils and different geological extracts) did not underlie consistent species groupings, and we conclude that other environmental and topographical factors are likely to be responsible for shaping the moss community structure in Admiralty Bay. To enable effective management of Antarctic Specially Managed Area (ASMA) No. 1 and Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No. 128, robust assessments of the local ecosystem and biodiversity are necessary to assist in the decision-making processes mandated under the Antarctic Treaty System, one of whose founding principles is the preservation of the Antarctic ecosystem.
Latent classes in preschoolers’ internal working models of attachment and emotional security: Roles of family risk
Authors: Speidel Ruth , Behrens Brigid , Lawson Monica , Mark Cummings E. , Valentino Kristin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChildren’s relationships inform their internal working models (IWMs) of the world around them. Attachment and emotional security theory (EST) emphasize the importance of parent–child and interparental relationships, respectively, for IWM. The current study examined (a) data-driven classes in child attachment and emotional security IWM, (b) associations between IWM classes and demographic variables, maltreatment, intimate partner violence (IPV), and maternal depressive symptoms, and (c) consistency in attachment and emotional security IWM classes, including as a function of maltreatment, IPV, and maternal depressive symptoms. Participants were 234 preschool-aged children (n= 152 experienced maltreatment andn= 82 had not experienced maltreatment) and their mothers. Children participated in a narrative-based assessment of IWM. Mothers reported demographics, IPV, and maternal depressive symptoms. Latent class analyses revealed three attachment IWM classes and three emotional security IWM classes. Maltreatment was associated with lower likelihood of being in the secure attachment class and elevated likelihood of being in the insecure dysregulated attachment class. Inconsistencies in classification across attachment and emotional security IWM classes were related to maltreatment, IPV, and maternal depressive symptoms. The current study juxtaposes attachment and EST and provides insight into impacts of family adversity on children’s IWM across different family relationships.
Covid-19 and the Crisis in Social Care: Exploring the Experiences of Disabled People in the Pandemic
Authors: Pearson Charlotte , Watson Nick , Brunner Richard , Cullingworth Jane , Hameed Shaffa , Scherer Nathaniel , Shakespeare Tom 
Published: April 2022

Governments across the world have been slow in reacting to meeting the needs of disabled people during the pandemic. This has exposed existing inequalities in social policies, as well as new support barriers. Debates over social care have focused on Covid-19's impact on those living in residential care. Little is known about the experiences of disabled people who rely on daily support in their homes.This article reports on a year-long study examining the experiences of disabled people during the pandemic in England and Scotland. It focuses on the crisis in social care and offers evidence of how lives have been disrupted. For many, this resulted in a sudden loss of services, delayed assessments and break down of routines and communities. Findings underline the weakness of social care in its wider relationship with the NHS and show how the social care crisis has challenged the goal of independent living.
Support for Domestic Islamist Terrorism in Bangladesh: Insights from a Novel Survey
Authors: Fair C. Christine , Patel Parina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe employ regression analysis of 2017 survey data from 4,067 Bangladeshis to exposit the lineaments of individual support for domestic Islamist violence. Our dependent variables derive from measures of public support for the stated goals and violent means of three Bangladeshi Islamist terrorist groups. Our study variables include participation in communal Friday prayer; indexed measures of other pietic practices; preferences for Shari'a and secularism; and gender. We include several well-established control variables. We find that participation in communal Friday prayers significantly correlates with diminished support for militant groups while having no effect upon support for their violent means. In four (of 10) models, we find that respondents who view Shari'a as being coterminous with scriptural literalism and harsh physical punishments are significantly more likely to support the groups' goals. Finally, we find women to be consistently more likely to support the goals and means of the militant groups.
A Ka-band high-isolation waveguide power divider with planar output ports and out-of-phase
Authors: Tang Cong , Gao Xin , Zhu Hongquan , Zhang Jinrong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA waveguide power divider based on ridge waveguide to microstrip line transition is presented in this paper. To improve the isolation performance, a probe insulator is inserted into the contact face from the center of the waveguide side wall, also two chip resistors are mounted on a planar substrate and connected with the probe to absorb the coupled energy. The impedance transformation is accomplished by ridge waveguide to microstrip line transition, which is hidden in the waveguide. This proposed power divider shows merits of waveguide power dividers and substrate-integrated waveguide power dividers simultaneously, i.e. planar output ports, compact size, and high isolation. For verification, a power divider operating at the Ka-band is simulated, fabricated, and measured. The obtained results show the return loss and isolation are better than 10 and 20 dB, respectively. The measured insertion loss is <1.5 dB, including the insertion loss of waveguide to microstrip line transitions at the output port in the range of 34.6–39 GHz.
Social Adversity Reduces Polygenic Score Expressivity for General Cognitive Ability, but Not Height
Authors: Peñaherrera-Aguirre Mateo , Woodley Michael A. , Sarraf Matthew A. , Beaver Kevin M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that even ‘perfect’ polygenic scores (PGSs) composed of only causal variants may not be fully portable between different social groups owing to gene-by-environment interactions modifying the expression of relevant variants. The impacts of such interactions involving two forms of social adversity (low socioeconomic status [SES] and discrimination) are examined in relation to the expressivity of a PGS for educational attainment composed of putatively causal variants in a large, representatively sampled and genotyped cohort of US children. A relatively small-magnitude Scarr–Rowe effect is present (SES × PGSEDU predicting General Cognitive Ability [GCA]; sR = .02, 95% CI [.00, .04]), as is a distinct discrimination × PGSEDU interaction predicting GCA (sR = −.02, 95% CI [−.05, 00]). Both are independent of the confounding main effects of 10 ancestral principal components, PGSEDU, SES, discrimination and interactions among these factors. No sex differences were found. These interactions were examined in relation to phenotypic and genotypic data on height, a prospectively more socially neutral trait. They were absent in both cases. The discrimination × PGSEDU interaction is a co-moderator of the differences posited in modern versions of Spearman’s hypothesis (along with shared environmentality), lending support to certain environmental explanations of those differences. Behavior-genetic analysis of self-reported discrimination indicates that it is nonsignificantly heritable (h2 = .027, 95% CI [−.05, .10]), meaning that it is not merely proxying some underlying source of heritable phenotypic variability. This suggests that experiences of discrimination might stem instead from the action of purely social forces.
The Role of Regional Connections in Planning for Future Power System Operations Under Climate Extremes
Authors: Dyreson A. , Devineni N. , Turner S. W. D. , De Silva M T. , Miara A. , Voisin N. , Cohen S. , Macknick J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIdentifying the sensitivity of future power systems to climate extremes must consider the concurrent effects of changing climate and evolving power systems. We investigated the sensitivity of a Western U.S. power system to isolated and combined heat and drought when it has low (5%) and moderate (31%) variable renewable energy shares, representing historic and future systems. We used an electricity operational model combined with a model of historically extreme drought (for hydropower and freshwater‐reliant thermoelectric generators) over the Western U.S. and a synthetic, regionally extreme heat event in Southern California (for thermoelectric generators and electricity load). We found that the drought has the highest impact on summertime production cost (+10% to +12%), while temperature‐based deratings have minimal effect (at most +1%). The Southern California heat wave scenario impacting load increases summertime regional net imports to Southern California by 10–14%, while the drought decreases them by 6–12%. Combined heat and drought conditions have a moderate effect on imports to Southern California (−2%) in the historic system and a stronger effect (+8%) in the future system. Southern California dependence on other regions decreases in the summertime with the moderate increase in variable renewable energy (−34% imports), but hourly peak regional imports are maintained under those infrastructure changes. By combining synthetic and historically driven conditions to test two infrastructures, we consolidate the importance of considering compounded heat wave and drought in planning studies and suggest that region‐to‐region energy transfers during peak periods are key to optimal operations under climate extremes.
Natural Variations in Dissolved Silicon Isotopes Across the Arctic Ocean From the Pacific to the Atlantic
Authors: Giesbrecht Karina E. , Varela Diana E. , de Souza Gregory F. , Maden Colin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present measurements of the silicon isotopic composition of silicic acid (δ30Si‐Si(OH)4) from seawater collected along a transect following one of the main flow paths of Pacific‐origin waters through the Arctic Ocean during the Canadian Arctic GEOTRACES and Distributed Biological Observatory expeditions in the summer of 2015. The δ30Si‐Si(OH)4signals track the modification of Pacific‐origin waters as they transit from west to east, and reflect the distribution of water masses, the dissolution of biogenic silica (bSiO2), and the biological utilization of Si in surface waters. Pacific‐origin waters have lower δ30Si‐Si(OH)4values than the surrounding water masses and are closely linked with a tongue of nutrient‐rich cold water that can be traced back to the Bering Strait. The δ30Si‐Si(OH)4measurements indicate that the high [Si(OH)4] in the deep waters of Baffin Bay are driven entirely by dissolution of exported bSiO2. Using an open‐system model, we estimate the biogenic Si isotope effect (30ε) for the Bering and Chukchi Seas, and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago to be30ε = −1.18 ± 0.02‰ (1SE), which agrees very well with laboratory and field estimates. In contrast, the isotope systematics in the Canada Basin and Baffin Bay are better represented by a closed‐system model. We also present an approach to estimate production by sea‐ice algae using δ30Si‐Si(OH)4signals, though a better understanding of the sea‐ice/water column Si systematics in the Arctic is needed to confirm the viability of this approach.
Global Controls on DOC Reaction Versus Export in Watersheds: A Damköhler Number Analysis
Authors: Liu Shaoda , Maavara Taylor , Brinkerhoff Craig B. , Raymond Peter A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe relative capacity for watersheds to eliminate or export reactive constituents has important implications on aquatic ecosystem ecology and biogeochemistry. Removal efficiency depends on factors that affect either the reactivity or advection of a constituent within river networks. Here, we characterized Damköhler number (Da) for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) uptake in global river networks. Da equals the advection to reaction timescale ratio and thus provides a unitless indicator for DOC reaction intensity during transport within river networks. We aim to demonstrate the spatial and temporal patterns and interplays among factors that determine DOC uptake across global river networks. We show that watershed size imposes a primary control on river network DOC uptake due to a three orders of magnitude difference in water residence time (WRT) between the smallest and largest river networks. DOC uptake capacity in tropical river networks is 2–6 times that in temperate and the Arctic river networks, coinciding with larger DOC removals in warm than in cold watersheds. River damming has a profound impact on DOC uptake due to significantly extended WRTs, particularly in temperate watersheds where most constructed dams are situated. Global warming is projected to increase river network DOC uptake by ca. 19% until year 2100 under the RCP4.5 scenario.
Diurnal Thermally Driven Cross‐Shore Exchange in Steady Alongshore Currents
Authors: Safaie Aryan , Pawlak Geno , Davis Kristen A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIdealized numerical modeling of thermally driven baroclinic exchange is performed to understand how cross‐shore flow is modulated by steady alongshore currents and associated shear‐generated turbulence. In general, we find that shear‐driven vertical mixing reduces the temperature gradients responsible for establishing the baroclinic flow, such that cross‐shore thermal exchange diminishes with alongshore current speed. Circulation in a base‐case simulation of thermal exchange with no alongshore forcing contains a cooling response consisting of a midday flow in the form of a downslope current with a compensating onshore near‐surface flow driving cross‐shore exchange, followed by an afternoon warming response flow via an offshore‐directed surface warm front, with a compensating return flow at the bottom. Nighttime convective cooling enhances vertical mixing and decelerates the warming response, and the diurnal cycle is renewed. In this base‐case scenario, representative of tropical reef environments with optically clear water and weak alongshore flow, surface heating and cooling can drive cross‐shore circulation with O(1) cm s−1 velocities. Alongshore flow forcing is implemented to induce upwelling‐ and downwelling‐favorable cross‐shore circulation. For mild alongshore forcing, the baroclinic cross‐shore exchange flow is enhanced due to an increase in the horizontal temperature gradient. Stronger alongshore flow leads to diminished thermally driven exchange, ultimately reaching a regime where the cross‐shore exchange is due predominantly to Ekman dynamics. Though exchange velocities are relatively small (O(1) cm s−1), these persistent exchange flows are capable of flushing the nearshore region multiple times per day, with important implications for water properties of nearshore ecosystems.
Modeling the Hydrologic Influence of Subsurface Tile Drainage Using the National Water Model
Authors: Valayamkunnath Prasanth , Gochis David J. , Chen Fei , Barlage Michael , Franz Kristie J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSubsurface tile drainage (TD) is a dominant agriculture water management practice in the United States (US) to enhance crop production in poorly drained soils. Assessments of field‐level or watershed‐level (<50 km2) hydrologic impacts of TD are becoming common; however, a major gap exists in our understanding of regional (>105 km2) impacts of TD on hydrology. The National Water Model (NWM) is a distributed 1‐km resolution hydrological model designed to provide accurate streamflow forecasts at 2.7 million reaches across the US. The current NWM lacks TD representation which adds considerable uncertainty to streamflow forecasts in heavily tile‐drained areas. In this study, we quantify the performance of the NWM with a newly incorporated tile‐drainage scheme over the heavily tile‐drained Midwestern US. Employing a TD scheme enhanced the uncalibrated NWM performance by about 20–50% of the fully calibrated NWM (Calib). The calibrated NWM with tile drainage (CalibTD) showed enhanced accuracy with higher event hit rates and lower false alarm rates than Calib. CalibTD showed better performance in high‐flow estimations as TD increased streamflow peaks (14%), volume (2.3%), and baseflow (11%). Regional water balance analysis indicated that TD significantly reduced surface runoff (−7% to −29%), groundwater recharge (−43% to −50%), evapotranspiration (−7% to −13%), and soil moisture content (−2% to −3%). However, TD significantly increased soil profile lateral flow (27.7%) along with infiltration and soil water storage potential. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of incorporating the TD process into the operational configuration of the NWM.