bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear mode saturation in a U-shaped micro-resonator
Authors: Rocha Rodrigo T. , Younis Mohammad I. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSaturation is an intriguing phenomenon that has captured the attention of scientists since the time of Froude when he reported it for ship motion in the mid of the nineteenth century. This work presents the demonstration and a comprehensive study of the nonlinear saturation phenomenon on a compound micromachined structure of U-shape (micro portal frame). The frame is designed and fabricated as a multi-input and multi-output device for actuating the 1st (sway) and 2nd (symmetric) in-plane vibration modes. Geometric nonlinearities along with the softening effect of the electrostatic force present the necessary conditions for the activation of a 2:1 internal (auto-parametric) resonance between the 1st and 2nd modes. Experimental data complemented with analytical simulations are obtained showing the internal resonance and the saturation phenomenon. These results are promising for further exploration of such compound structures and for further in-depth studies of the saturation phenomenon on a variety of other systems and applications.
Silencing of multiple target genes via ingestion of dsRNA and PMRi affects development and survival in Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Sharif Muhammad Nauman , Iqbal Muhammad Shahzad , Alam Rukkaya , Awan Mudassar Fareed , Tariq Muhammad , Ali Qurban , Nasir Idrees Ahmad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) triggered by exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a powerful tool to knockdown genetic targets crucial for the growth and development of agriculturally important insect pests. Helicoverpa armigera is a pest feeding on more than 30 economically important crops worldwide and a major threat. Resistance to insecticides and Bt toxins has been gradually increasing in the field. RNAi-mediated knockdown of H. armigera genes by producing dsRNAs homologous to genetic targets in bacteria and plants has a high potential for insect management to decrease agricultural loss. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE), ecdysone receptor (EcR) and v-ATPase-A (vAA) genes were selected as genetic targets. Fragments comprising a coding sequence of < 500 bp were cloned into the L4440 vector for dsRNA production in bacteria and in a TRV-VIGS vector in antisense orientation for transient expression of dsRNA in Solanum tuberosum leaves. After ingesting bacterial-expressed dsRNA, the mRNA levels of the target genes were significantly reduced, leading to mortality and abnormal development in larva of H. armigera. Furthermore, the S. tuberosum plants transformed with TRV-VIGS expressing AChE exhibited higher mortality > 68% than the control plants 17%, recorded ten days post-feeding and significant resistance in transgenic (transient) plants was observed. Moreover, larval lethality and molting defects were observed in larva fed on potato plants expressing dsRNA specific to EcR. Analysis of transcript levels by quantitative RT–PCR revealed that larval mortality was attributable to the knockdown of genetic targets by RNAi. The results demonstrated that down-regulation of H. armigera genes involved in ATP hydrolysis, transcriptional stimulation of development genes and neural conduction has aptitude as a bioinsecticide to control H. armigera population sizes and therefore decreases crop loss.
The functions of a reservoir offset voltage applied to physically defined p-channel Si quantum dots
Authors: Nishiyama Shimpei , Kato Kimihiko , Kobayashi Mizuki , Mizokuchi Raisei , Mori Takahiro , Kodera Tetsuo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe propose and define a reservoir offset voltage as a voltage commonly applied to both reservoirs of a quantum dot and study the functions in p-channel Si quantum dots. By the reservoir offset voltage, the electrochemical potential of the quantum dot can be modulated. In addition, when quantum dots in different channels are capacitively coupled, the reservoir offset voltage of one of the QDs can work as a gate voltage for the others. Our results show that the technique will lead to reduction of the number of gate electrodes, which is advantageous for future qubit integration.
Antiperistaltic effect and safety of l-menthol for esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the elderly with contraindication to hyoscine-N-butylbromide
Authors: Yang Tsung-Chieh , Chen Ping-Hsien , Hou Ming-Chih , Peng Li-Ning , Lin Ming-Hsien , Chen Liang-Kung , Huang Yi-Hsiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHyoscine-N-butylbromide (HBB) is the most used antiperistaltic agent during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). However, almost half of the elderly have a contraindication to HBB. We aimed to evaluate l-menthol’s antiperistaltic effect and safety for EGD in the elderly with contraindication to HBB. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study screened 86 elderly patients (≥ 65 years old) scheduled to undergo EGD, and 52 of them with contraindication to HBB were enrolled. The participants were randomized to receive l-menthol (n = 26) or a placebo (n = 26), which was locally sprayed on the gastric antrum endoscopically. The proportion of patients with no or mild peristalsis after medication and at the end of EGD was significantly higher in the l-menthol group (76.9%) than in the placebo group (11.5%, p < 0.001). l-Menthol administration significantly reduced peristaltic grade, improved contraction parameters, and eased intragastric examination relative to the placebo (p < 0.001, respectively). Hemodynamic changes, adverse events, and discomfort levels of patients were similar between the two groups. l-Menthol is an effective and safe alternative antiperistaltic medication for EGD in elderly patients with contraindication to HBB. Further large, randomized trials are required to clarify whether l-menthol can lead to better detection yield in the elderly.Clinical trial registration: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04593836).
Psychometric properties of the emotional processing scale in individuals with psychiatric symptoms and the development of a brief 15-item version
Authors: Maroti Daniel , Axelsson Erland , Ljótsson Brjánn , Andersson Gerhard , Lumley Mark A. , Johansson Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe 25-item Emotional Processing Scale (EPS) can be used with clinical populations, but there is little research on its psychometric properties (factor structure, test–retest reliability, and validity) in individuals with psychiatric symptoms. We administered the EPS-25 to a large sample of people (N = 512) with elevated psychiatric symptoms. We used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate three a priori models from previous research and then evaluated discriminant and convergent validity against measures of alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionaire-9), and anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7). None of the a priori models achieved acceptable fit, and subsequent exploratory factor analysis did not yield a clear factor solution for the 25 items. A 5-factor model did, however, achieve acceptable fit when we retained only 15 items, and this solution was replicated in a validation sample. Convergent and discriminant validity for this revised version, the EPS-15, was r = − 0.19 to 0.46 vs. TAS-20, r = 0.07− 0.25 vs. PHQ-9, and r = 0.29− 0.57 vs. GAD-7. Test–retest reliability was acceptable (ICC = 0.73). This study strengthens the case for the reliability and validity of the 5-factor structure of the EPS but suggest that only 15 items should be retained. Future studies should further examine the reliability and validity of the EPS-15.
A diurnal story of Δ17O($$\rm{NO}_{3}^{-}$$) in urban Nanjing and its implication for nitrate aerosol formation
Authors: Zhang Yan-Lin , Zhang Wenqi , Fan Mei-Yi , Li Jianghanyang , Fang Huan , Cao Fang , Lin Yu-Chi , Wilkins Benjamin Paul , Liu Xiaoyan , Bao Mengying , Hong Yihang , Michalski Greg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInorganic nitrate production is critical in atmospheric chemistry that reflects the oxidation capacity and the acidity of the atmosphere. Here we use the oxygen anomaly of nitrate (Δ17O($$\rm{NO}_{3}^{-}$$NO3−)) in high-time-resolved (3 h) aerosols to explore the chemical mechanisms of nitrate evolution in fine particles during the winter in Nanjing, a megacity of China. The continuous Δ17O($$\rm{NO}_{3}^{-}$$NO3−) observation suggested the dominance of nocturnal chemistry (NO3 + HC/H2O and N2O5 + H2O/Cl−) in nitrate formation in the wintertime. Significant diurnal variations of nitrate formation pathways were found. The contribution of nocturnal chemistry increased at night and peaked (72%) at midnight. Particularly, nocturnal pathways became more important for the formation of nitrate in the process of air pollution aggravation. In contrast, the contribution of daytime chemistry (NO2 + OH/H2O) increased with the sunrise and showed a highest fraction (48%) around noon. The hydrolysis of N2O5on particle surfaces played an important role in the daytime nitrate production on haze days. In addition, the reaction of NO2with OH radicals was found to dominate the nitrate production after nitrate chemistry was reset by the precipitation events. These results suggest the importance of high-time-resolved observations of Δ17O($$\rm{NO}_{3}^{-}$$NO3−) for exploring dynamic variations in reactive nitrogen chemistry.
Small extracellular vesicle PD-L1 in cancer: the knowns and unknowns
Authors: Yu Zi-Li , Liu Jin-Yuan , Chen Gang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccording to the conventional wisdom, programmed death protein 1 ligand (PD-L1)-mediated immunosuppression was based on the physical contact between tumor cells and T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Recent studies demonstrated that PD-L1 was also highly expressed on the surface of tumor cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). PD-L1 on sEVs, which could also directly bind to PD-1 on T cells, has a vital function in immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance. Due to the heterogeneity and dynamic changes of PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, developing sEV PD-L1 as a predictive biomarker for the clinical responses to immunotherapy could be an attractive option. In this review, we summarized and discussed the latest researches and advancements on sEV PD-L1, including the biogenesis and secretion mechanisms, isolation and detection strategies, as well as the biological functions of sEV PD-L1. In the meantime, we highlighted the application potential of sEV PD-L1 as diagnostic and prognostic markers in tumor, especially for predicting the clinical responses to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies. In particular, with the gradual deepening of the studies, challenges and problems regarding the further understanding and application of sEV PD-L1 have begun to emerge. Based on the current research status, we summarized the potential challenges and possible solutions, and prospected several key directions for future studies of sEV PD-L1. Collectively, by highlighting the important knowns and unknowns of sEV PD-L1, our present review would help to light the way forward for the field of sEV PD-L1 and to avoid unnecessary blindness and detours.
Spontaneous pauses in firing of external pallidum neurons are associated with exploratory behavior
Authors: Kaplan Alexander , Mizrahi-Kliger Aviv D. , Rappel Pnina , Iskhakova Liliya , Fonar Gennadiy , Israel Zvi , Bergman Hagai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpontaneous pauses in firing are the hallmark of external pallidum (GPe) neurons. However, the role of GPe pauses in the basal ganglia network remains unknown. Pupil size and saccadic eye movements have been linked to attention and exploration. Here, we recorded GPe spiking activity and the corresponding pupil sizes and eye positions in non-human primates. We show that pauses, rather than the GPe discharge rate per se, were associated with dilated pupils. In addition, following pause initiation there was a considerable increase in the rate of spontaneous saccades. These results suggest that pauses are a powerful mechanism by which the GPe may influence basal ganglia downstream structures and play a role in exploratory behavior.
Considering hormone-sensitive cancers as a single disease in the UK biobank reveals shared aetiology
Authors: Ahmed Muktar , Mäkinen Ville-Petteri , Mulugeta Anwar , Shin Jisu , Boyle Terry , Hyppönen Elina , Lee Sang Hong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHormone-related cancers, including cancers of the breast, prostate, ovaries, uterine, and thyroid, globally contribute to the majority of cancer incidence. We hypothesize that hormone-sensitive cancers share common genetic risk factors that have rarely been investigated by previous genomic studies of site-specific cancers. Here, we show that considering hormone-sensitive cancers as a single disease in the UK Biobank reveals shared genetic aetiology. We observe that a significant proportion of variance in disease liability is explained by the genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), i.e., SNP-based heritability on the liability scale is estimated as 10.06% (SE 0.70%). Moreover, we find 55 genome-wide significant SNPs for the disease, using a genome-wide association study. Pair-wise analysis also estimates positive genetic correlations between some pairs of hormone-sensitive cancers although they are not statistically significant. Our finding suggests that heritable genetic factors may be a key driver in the mechanism of carcinogenesis shared by hormone-sensitive cancers.
Recent marine heatwaves in the North Pacific warming pool can be attributed to rising atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases
Authors: Barkhordarian Armineh , Nielsen David Marcolino , Baehr Johanna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOver the last decade, the northeast Pacific experienced marine heatwaves that caused devastating marine ecological impacts with socioeconomic implications. Here we use two different attribution methods and show that forcing by elevated greenhouse gases levels has virtually certainly caused the multi-year persistent 2019–2021 marine heatwave. There is less than 1% chance that the 2019–2021 event with ~3 years duration and 1.6 ∘C intensity could have happened in the absence of greenhouse gases forcing. We further discover that the recent marine heatwaves are co-located with a systematically-forced outstanding warming pool, which we attribute to forcing by elevated greenhouse gases levels and the recent industrial aerosol-load decrease. The here-detected Pacific long-term warming pool is associated with a strengthening ridge of high-pressure system, which has recently emerged from the natural variability of climate system, indicating that they will provide favorable conditions over the northeast Pacific for even more severe marine heatwave events in the future.
Three‐dimensional quota matching‐based latency‐sensitive task offloading for multi‐mode green IoT in smart buildings
Authors: Shi Cheng , Zhang Sunxuan , Wang Ruiqiuyu , Zhou Zhenyu , Gan Zhong , Yao Xianjiong , You Zhaoyang , Chen Yilong , Huang Dawei , Hua Guoxiang , Mumtaz Shahid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe green internet of things with heterogeneous communication technologies can provide data transmission and computing services for low‐carbon operation of smart buildings. However, latency‐sensitive task offloading in smart buildings for multi‐mode green internet of things still faces several challenges such as coupling between multi‐mode channel and multiple gateway selection, diversified quality of service requirement guarantee, and contradiction of long‐term performance guarantee and short‐term optimisation objectives. To address these challenges, a three‐dimensional quota matching‐based latency‐sensitive task offloading algorithm is proposed to minimise the weighted difference between energy consumption and throughput under the long‐term queuing delay constraints. Specifically, the minimisation problem is decoupled by Lyapunov optimisation. The three‐dimensional quota matching among devices, gateways, and channels is employed to solve the conflicts between gateway selection and channel selection. Finally, the three‐dimensional quota matching is converted to a two‐side quota matching to further reduce complexity and solved iteratively. Numerical results demonstrate that compared with H3CG and MMCS, the proposed algorithm improves the weighted difference between energy consumption and throughput by 21.85% and 27.91%, respectively, and reduces the sensor‐side average queuing delay by 30.82% and 16.83%, and gateway‐side average queuing delay by 16.57% and 26.71%, respectively.
In‐memory calculation with embedded arithmetic and logic units for deep neural network
Authors: Yu Shuiyue , Fu Jie , Lin Zhiting , Peng Chunyu , Wu Xiulong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe computation of multiplication in memory is a promising approach to reduce latency and improve the energy efficiency of intelligence edge processors. However, the multiplication operation in the analog domain is associated with complex peripheral circuits and low accuracy. In this letter, an static random‐access memory (SRAM) array with embedded low area cost arithmetic and logic units is proposed, which realizes high‐speed and high‐precision multi‐bit multiplication. The calculation delay is as low as 164 ps. The maximum integral non‐linearity (INL) is only 0.340 least significant bit, which is 1/16 of that of analog domain multiplication.
A high accuracy and configurable voltage (1.2/1.8/2.5/3.3 V) bandgap reference with base current compensation for DC–DC converters
Authors: Zhou Hao , Wang Yuanfei , Min Hao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPresented is an improved bandgap reference (BGR), which has the performance of high accuracy and can generate the required voltage reference. In this BGR, the improved base current compensation is proposed to eliminate the effect of the base current. Meanwhile, a high reference voltage generator is used to provide configurable output voltages of 1.2/1.8/2.5/3.3 V needed by DC–DC converters. The BGR is realized in a standard 180‐nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process with an area of 0.05 mm × mm. Among the five sample chips of the reference, in the temperature range of −40°C to 125°C, the temperature coefficients (TCs) of all the reference voltages range from 3 to 38 ppm/°C. The best average value of TCs is 6.03 ppm/°C when the reference voltage is 2.5 V. The best line sensitivities (LS) are 0.23%/V when the reference voltage is 1.8 V with the power consumption of 150μW, when the supply voltage (VDD) is =5 V.
An online dispatch approach for distributed integrated multi‐energy system considering non‐ideal communication conditions
Authors: Ju Jiaqi , Wang Qi , Ni Ming , Hu Yunlong , Li Xiao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe distributed integrated multi‐energy system (DIMS) has many advantages in terms of the utilisation of renewable energy sources and clean energy. Operation strategies for the DIMS based on a real‐time profile have been extensively studied. In a DIMS online optimisation problem, besides fluctuations in the renewable energy output and load, inconsistent time scales of the transport dynamics of different energy flows and non‐ideal communication (involving communication uncertainty and latency) result in suboptimal operation in dispatch scheduling. An online multi‐time‐scale optimal operation strategy is proposed for the DIMS to respond to the above challenges, using a hybrid algorithm comprising a model predictive control method and distributed collaborative consensus algorithm (CCA). The approach is based on a hierarchy, comprising rolling optimisation and adjustment. A rolling optimisation is established to schedule operations according to the latest forecast and status information. The rolling dispatch is then adjusted according to the ultrashort‐term adjustment using the CCA. Meanwhile, the effect of the information transmission environment on real‐time scheduling is considered, and the robust CCA is improved for the implementation of strategies under non‐ideal communication conditions. Case studies and results are presented and discussed to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach with the better matching between demand and supply.
A new traveling‐wave detection method for fault location based on two sequential sliding windows and curve fitting
Authors: Rezaei Davod , Gholipour Mehdi , Parvaresh Farzad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe basis of traveling wave‐based fault location methods is to extract the arrival times of transient signals in the power network. In this paper, a new method for extracting the traveling wave arrival times is presented. For this purpose, the aerial modes of three‐phase voltage signals are extracted and two sequential sliding windows of unequal length move along with this signal. By fitting a line to the samples inside each of the two windows and calculating the angle between them, the traveling wave arrival times can be determined with high accuracy. Because this takes place in the time domain, there is no need to switch between time and frequency domains similar to those in Fourier transforms. On the other hand, fitting curves reduce the negative effects of noise and sampling frequency changes. EMTP‐ATP is applied to perform the transient simulations and the results are then analysed in MATLAB to conduct the sensitivity analysis against the measurement noises, the sampling frequency, and the fault parameters. The proposed technique is compared to the common techniques such as discrete wavelet transforms and Hilbert Huang transforms. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique has acceptable performance and covers the drawbacks of common methods.
Adaptive strategies to fast multipole method in photoionisation calculations for streamer discharges
Authors: Lin Bo , Zhuang Chijie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRecently, a new framework to compute the photoionisation rate in streamer discharges accurately and efficiently using the integral model and the fast multipole method (FMM) was presented. This paper further improves the efficiency of this framework with adaptive strategies. The adaptive strategies are based on the magnitude of radiation and the electric field during the streamer propagation, and are applied to the selection of the source and target points. The accuracy and efficiency of this adaptive FMM are studied quantitatively for different domain sizes, pressures and adaptive criteria, in comparison with some existing efficient approaches to compute the photoionisation. It is shown that appropriate adaptive strategies reduce the calculation time of the FMM greatly, and maintain the high accuracy that the numerical error is still much smaller than other methods based on partial differential equations. The performance of the proposed adaptive method is also studied for a three‐dimensional positive streamer interacting problem with a plasma cloud, which shows that the FMM with proper adaptive strategies is even faster than the partial differential equation based methods with efficient boundary conditions for the ionisation calculation.