bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The significance of a Permian flora from Irian Jaya (West New Guinea) containing elements related to coeval floras of Gondwanaland and Cathaysialand
Authors: Rigby J.F. 
Published: September 2022

Previous authors have identified Permian floras from the southern side of Irian Jaya as being related to coeval floras of both Gondwanaland and Cathaysia land. Some of the identifications are revised. Many species of Glossopteris, including G. irianii sp. nov., as well as Vertebraria align the flora with Gondwanaland, whereas Gigantonoclea iriani sp. nov. and Fascipteris aidunae sp. nov. demonstrate a clear connection with Cathaysian floras. Trizygia speciosa and Pecopteris spp. can occur in both floras. The endemic leaf species, Koraua bartonoi gen. et. sp. nov. is compared with genera from India and southern Africa. The spermophyta required direct land connection with both Gondwanaland and Cathaysialand in order to spread into the area. This is possible using Earth reconstructions based on Earth Expansion Theory, but not using reconstructions based on the Plate Tectonics Theory.
Gymnospermous woods from the Upper Triassic of northern Chile
Authors: Lutz Alicia I. , Crisafulli Alexandra , Herbst Rafael 
Published: September 2022

The anatomical study of three gymnosperm fossil woods from the Upper Triassic La Coipa, La Ternera and Las Breas formations are presented. Prototaxoxylon intertrappeum is a taxacean wood from India characterized by its tertiary thickenings on their secondary tracheids: Protochamaecyparixylon klitzschii is a cupressaceous wood also present in the Nandanga Formation of South Africa while Protophyllocladoxylon cortaderitaensis is a Protopinaceae member which was already described from the Upper Triassic of Argentina. The present text is the first description of Triassic woods from Chile.
Palynodating and correlation of subsurface sediments from bore-hole CMWY-95 of Wardha Valley Coalfield, Maharashtra, Central India
Authors: Mahesh S. , Sabina K. Pauline , Bilwa L. Mahesh 
Published: September 2022

Palynological studies have been carried out in the subsurface sediments of borehole CMWY-95 drilled near Pisagaon in Chandrapur District of Maharashtra. The studies have been aimed to palynologically date and correlate the sediments. On the basis of the statistical analysis of the spores and pollen from the productive samples, two palynoassemblages have been demarcated: Assemblage I recognised at a depth of 149.00 m is characterised by the dominance of the monosaccate genus Parasaccites and subdominance of Plicatipollenites which is typical of the Early Permian Upper Talchir palynoflora and Assemblage II identified between the depths 147.00-133.00 m is characterised by the dominance of Parasaccites and subdominance of Callumispora which corresponds to the Early Permian Lower Karharbari palynoflora. Therefore, palynologically these sediments have been dated to be of Early Permian age.
Further, within India, an inter and intra basinal correlation has been attempted while with the continents of the Gondwanaland- Africa, Australia, Antarctica and South America, it is observed that the correlation with Antarctica is closest when compared to other continents suggesting a closer genetic relationship with Antarctica. A close similarity with the Early Permian palynosequences of Africa than that of Australia has also been noticed due to regional differences amongst eastern and western Australia, while in South America correlation was feasible only in broader pattern of group occurrences as the differences were pronounced at finer levels.
Prospects of shale gas exploitation in Lower Gondwana of Raniganj Coalfield (West Bengal), India
Authors: Mishra Subhashree , Mendhe Vinod A. , Kamble Alka D. , Bannerjee Mollika , Varma Atul K. , Singh Bhagwan D. , Pandey Jai K. 
Published: September 2022

Geochemical analyses such as proximate, pyrolysis, TOC and FTIR, and other analyses like surface area, pore size, pore volume (using low–pressure N2 physisorption measurements) and SEM were performed on the shale samples derived from Early Permian Barakar and Late Permian Barren Measures formations of the Raniganj Coalfield, West Bengal. Rock–Eval pyrolysis and TOC data indicated that the heterogeneity of Barren Measures and Barakar shales is laterally varying, but in general, factors which support the occurrence of shale gas accumulations include a moderate to high TOC content (3.38–7.87 wt.%) with sufficient thermal maturity and type III–IV organic matters (kerogens). FTIR spectra indicate the presence of quartz and kaolinite with absorbance bandwidth between 1200–800 cm−1 and 3750–3400 cm−1, respectively. Abundance of quartz, as compared to clay, points towards the brittle characteristics of shales favourable for good fracability. Besides, mesopores and macropores are well–developed and the capacity of gas generation and adsorption are significant.
On the basis of SEM, the pores are classified into four types– (i) inter–granular pores, (ii) dissolve pores, (iii) composite inter–granular pores, and (iv) hair line micro–fractures. The BET multipoint surface area varies from 8.104 to 16.937 m2/g and 17.376 to 29.675 m2/g for Barakar and Barren Measures shales, respectively. Size of the pores varies from 3.072 to 3.728 nm for the Barakar shales and 2.984 to 3.521 nm for the Barren Measures shales, as measured by BJH method. Overall, it is observed that mesopores, macropores, micro–fractures and micropores are adequate in the samples and the studied shales are having interconnected networks of natural cracks and pores system, which may control the storage and migration of shale gas in the reservoir.
Buiten het eigen speelveld
Authors: Bos J.T.K. 
Published: September 2022

Buiten het eigen speelveld. De normen voor de kwaliteit van de wet horen ook te gelden in de professionele cultuur van het politieke domein
Moet ‘Ongekend onrecht’ tot een geheel vernieuwd wetgevingskwaliteitsbeleid leiden? Ja en nee. Nee, omdat de kernelementen van de kwaliteit van de wet een afgeleide zijn van de functie van de wet in ons politiek-juridisch stelsel. Als het stelsel niet verandert, geldt dat ook voor die kwaliteitseisen. Ja, omdat het erop lijkt dat rechtmatigheid niet meer de vooronderstelling van openbaar bestuur is, maar slechts een aspect of waarde waarmee óók rekening kan worden gehouden. Dat is in strijd met de juridische ratio en óók met de politieke. Om daaraan iets te doen moet de kern van de professionele standaard uit het juridische domein een plaats krijgen in het normatief kader voor professionaliteit in het politieke domein. Die cultuurverandering maakt meer kans met een constitutioneel hof op de achtergrond.
Wetgeving in de loopgraven
Authors: van Raak R. 
Published: September 2022

Wetgeving in de loopgraven. Lessen van de Wet Huis voor Klokkenluiders
De wet voor de bescherming van klokkenluiders was politiek én wetstechnisch een avontuur. Door een tegenlobby van de gezamenlijke organisaties van werkgevers en werknemers (VNO-NCW en FNV) en vanwege de verschillen in opvatting over klokkenluiden en de behartiging van publieke belangen. Uit de politieke loopgravenoorlog rond deze initiatiefwet is een aantal lessen te trekken, onder meer over de eigen rol van de Tweede Kamer, het kabinet en de lobby.
Interbestuurlijke verhoudingen in de Omgevingswet: ordeloos of een thorbeckiaans evenwicht?
Authors: van Karnenbeek L.J. , Groothuijse F.A.G. , van Rijswick H.F.M.W. 
Published: September 2022

Interbestuurlijke verhoudingen in de Omgevingswet: ordeloos of een thorbeckiaans evenwicht?
Thorbecke is de grondlegger van de gedecentraliseerde eenheidsstaat, de staatsinrichting die altijd nog wordt gehandhaafd. Ook de Omgevingswet lijkt op het eerste gezicht aan te sluiten bij de door Thorbecke neergelegde uitgangspunten van de gedecentraliseerde eenheidsstaat. Binnen de algemene gelding van de nieuwe wet beschikken de decentrale overheden, de gemeenten in het bijzonder, over een ruime mate van beleidsruimte. Tegelijkertijd kan deze in beginsel ruim toebedeelde gemeentelijke beleidsruimte relatief gemakkelijk worden beperkt. Dat komt omdat het subsidiariteitsvereiste volgens de auteurs een beperkte normerende werking heeft, waardoor bovengemeentelijk optreden juridisch minimaal is begrensd. De auteurs beargumenteren dat de mogelijkheid dat bovengemeentelijke overheden een stevige greep op gemeenten kunnen hebben, haaks staat op de uitgangspunten die Thorbecke aan de staatsinrichting ten grondslag heeft gelegd.
Autonomer en minder politiek sensitief
Authors: van Lochem P.J.P.M. 
Published: September 2022

Autonomer en minder politiek sensitief. Ambtelijke reflecties op de zorgelijke relatie met de politiek
De overheid lijkt een toenemend verzet te oogsten nu parlementaire reacties op ambtelijke optreden negatiever zijn geworden en bovendien niet weersproken of van context voorzien worden door de politieke en ambtelijke leiders. Aan de ambtelijke dienst gaat deze ontwikkeling niet ongemerkt voorbij, blijkens de vele lezenswaardige reflecties op het eigen functioneren. Nu deze reflecties nogal abstract en gericht op de morele dimensie zijn, is het de vraag of zij voldoende bruikbare remedies bevatten. In elk geval lijkt het aanbevelenswaardig dat de ambtelijke professionals zelf het initiatief gaan nemen tot het geven van uitleg en context van bekritiseerd ambtelijke handelen, als deel van de actuele nieuwsvoorziening.
Experimenteerbepalingen
Authors: Nap M. 
Published: September 2022

Experimenteerbepalingen
Naar aanleiding van het ontwerp voor de elfde wijziging van de Aanwijzingen voor de regelgeving kraakte de Afdeling advisering van de Raad van State enkele kritische noten over het wetgevingsbeleid rondom experimenteerbepalingen. In deze aflevering van Legisprudentie geeft de auteur een bloemlezing van de advisering over experimenteerbepalingen van de afgelopen decennia.
PESANTREN DAN PEMBAHARUAN ARAH DAN IMPLIKASI
Authors: Marfiyanti Marfiyanti , Zulmuqim Zulmuqim , Samad Duski 
Published: September 2022

Dalam sejarah pendidikan Islam Istilah pesantrenpertamakalinya muncul di Jawa, sedangkan pembelajaranyang sama juga telah ada di beberapa wilayah Indonesia,namun berbeda sebutan dan model pembelajaranya, sepertiyang ada di Aceh disana ada namanya Dayah, di SumateraBarat ada namanya istilah Surau. Namun dalamperkembangan sejarah, berangsur-angsur istilah ini akan dipengaruhi, maka istilah pesantren bisa terkenal di seluruhwilayah Indonesia, tidak terkecuali di Sumatera Barat, Istialahsurau berganti menjadi Pesantren, yang mana pada decadesebelumnya bernama surau, kemudian beralih kepadamadrasyah, dan perguruan tarbiyah Islamiah, dan terusmengalami perkembangan dan banyak dari lembaga tersebutmengalami transformasi ke pesantren.Pesantren merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan Islamtertua di Indonesia yang memiliki hubungan fungsionalsimbiotik dengan ajaran Islam. Nilai-nilai Islam yang dianutdan kemudian disebarkan oleh pesantren akhirnya menjadibagian intrinsik dari budaya masyarakat Islam Indonesia.Dalam konteks ini, pesantren sangatlah menjadi pilihan utama
dalam mengembangkan nilai-nilai Islam dan mengembangkantoleransi dengan budaya Indonesia. Ketika semua kekuatanyang dipunyai oleh pesantren ini mampu dikelola dengan baikmaka, pesantren akan menjadi kekuatan besar dan pusatperadaban muslim di Indonesia.Dengan demikian keberadaan Kiyai tentunyaperlu disinisebagai unsure pertama dalam sebuah pondok pesantrendengan demikian bisa memunculkan kekhasan tersendiri dalammelaksanakan pendidikan Islam. Yang kedua Santri,merupakan unsur penting dalam pesantren melihat kuantitasdan kualitas dari santri juga sebagi penentu maju danbermutunya pendidikan Islam, yang ketiga adalah Mesjid;merupakan sarana dalam melaksanakan ibadah dan praktekmateri keagamaan tentunya butuh tempat khusus dan sesuaidengan situasi dan kondisi masing-masing, jika yang demikianitu menentukan akan tingkatan dan status dari pesantren itusendiri dari mulai bentuk Mesjid yang sangat sederhanasampai kepada Mesjid yang Elit, yang keempat adalahMadrasyah hal ini merupaka sarana dan prasarana untukterselengaranya proses belajar mengajar, kelima adalah;Asrama atau pemondokan, yang dijadikan tempat berdiam,maka lima unsur ini wajib adanya
Abordaje de los indicadores de la parasitosis intestinal en escolares.
Authors: Durán Pincay Yelisa Estefanía , Vélez Cevallos Lizardo Ezequiel , Rosado Aspiazu Irving Antonio , Veliz Bermeo Diego Alexander 
Published: September 2022

La infección intestinal parasitaria afecta especialmente a la población infantil, y constituye una de las enfermedades de mayor prevalencia en las comunidades empobrecidas de los países en desarrollo. La población que se encuentra en edad preescolar y escolar, también están expuestos a presentar parasitosis intestinal, ocasionándoles una serie de síntomas que pueden, incluso con llevarlos a la muerte. El objetivo es conocer los indicadores que pueden presentar los niños en edad escolar al estar infectados con algún parásito intestinal. Dentro de la metodología aplicada es de revisión sistemática basada en artículos científicos de bases de datos de PubMed, Elsevier, Google Académico, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, además de documentos de sitios web y páginas. Con respeto a los resultados se evidencia la prevalencia de Áscaris lumbricoides, Tricocéfalo, Giardia lamblia, y complejos de Entamoebas spp. Y entre los indicadores están los factores sociodemográficos, de las zonas rurales y urbanas, edad, sexo, factores socioeconómicos, y factores de riesgos; mala higiene, alimentos contaminados, y el saneamiento ambiental. Entre los países con frecuencia de parasitosis intestinal resalta Colombia, seguido de Ecuador, Perú y Paraguay, considerados países en desarrollo. Se concluye que se debe aplicar estrategias de control y medidas de prevención en estas enfermedades parasitarias desatendidas, que los gobiernos apliquen modelos de capacitación y que se desarrollen en las diferentes entidades educativas públicas privadas.
Analysis of the Chromosomal Aberrations in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients (HCC) in Mosul City, Iraq
Authors: Alhamadany Alaa Younis Mahdy , Sadek Wajdi Sabeeh 
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (also known as liver cancer) is one of the most frequent cancers in humans. HCC is linked to chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection, cirrhosis, and excessive alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to use Metaphase chromosome analysis in whole blood to determine chromosomal aberrations (CA) in HBV, HCV, and HCC patients. A cohort of 145 samples have been collected from participants from the date of 5 \ 1 \ 2020 to 15\9\ 2021. Among those samples are (40 healthy controls, HBV 38, 44 HCV, and HCC 23) to make cytogenetic evaluation by observing the analysis of chromosome aberration. Our study showed that the chromosome aberration With Gap was higher in the HCC patient group followed by HBV patient group. also, the results showed that of the chromosome aberration without Gap in the HCC, and HCV patient groups were significantly higher in females than in males. the results showed that higher break, DIC was in HBV patients group followed by HCV patients group. the results showed that deletion, and ace were higher in the HCV and HCC patient group followed by HBV patient group. Finally with RO. Trans., the results showed that ace was higher in the HCV, and HBV patient groups. In conclusion, we indicate that HBV, HCV, and HCC patients have chromosomal instability because of their chromosome aberration levels.
La deficiencia de las MIPYMES en Saltillo Coahuila, México, un problema económico social a causa del desempleo
Authors: Cervantes Yazmin , Segura Lozano Xóchitl , Santos Ovalle Hazzel Eduardo , Molina Romeo Víctor Pedro , Moreno Cepeda Reimundo , González José M. 
Published: September 2022

Las deficiencias con las que cuentan las distintas MiPyMES, específicamente en el área de ventas y marketing en una ciudad industrial tan importante para México como lo es Saltillo, Coahuila permiten resaltar la importancia en la interacción con los clientes y esto, a su vez incide en que la MiPyMES se den a conocer ante un mercado más amplio. Es así, que es importante detectar las técnicas y estrategias de mercado necesarias para los negocios, y así puedan mejorar sus ventas, incrementando consigo el número de clientes. Este estudio conlleva a que los microempresarios logren tener a su alcance el conocimiento necesario para poder cumplir con los objetivos de su negocio, aplicar las habilidades que requiere una MiPyME para su desarrollo exitoso y además de conseguir un crecimiento económico propio y social. Es por estas razones que se investigó, a través de una metodología descriptiva la relación que existe entre las cualidades principales que tienen las MiPyMES y las técnicas y estrategias de mercado con las que cuentan las organizaciones; esto debido a que el departamento de ventas es un área de oportunidad que se debe trabajar desde el inicio de la empresa, para ver las mejoras e incrementos de las utilidades y sobre todo lograr mantener la motivación de los empleados.
Crecimiento de Tornillo (Cedrelinga catenaeformis) y Marupa (Simarouba amara) dentro de un sistema agroforestal en multiestratos
Authors: Pashanasi-Amasifuen Beto , Aponte-Jaramillo Analy Nohely , Mathios-Flores Marco Antonio 
Published: September 2022

En la instalación de sistemas agroforestales en multiestratos es importante conocer el comportamiento de las especies que conforman el sistema. El objetivo fue evaluar el crecimiento en altura (m) y diámetro del tronco (cm) de Cedrelinga catenaeformis y Simarouba amara como árboles de sombra del cacao en un sistema agroforestal en multiestratos. El sistema fue establecido en un suelo con una textura franco arenoso, con materia orgánica de 1,26%, los componentes forestales estuvieron instalados a un distanciamiento de 12 x 12 m para tornillo, de 6 x 6 m para marupa y de 3 x 3 m para cacao, fue asociado con Cajanus cajan el primer año y posteriormente se estableció como cobertura de Centrosema macracarpum. Los componentes forestales al sexto año, alcanzan una altura de 13,00 y 12,82 m respectivamente y el diámetro del tronco de 13,22 y 18,33 cm. Se concluye que el tornillo tiene crecimiento promedio en altura de 2,56 m y la marupa 2,52 m.
Interaction and Transport of Liquid Droplets in Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas (APPs)
Authors: M. Iqbal Muhammad , M. Turner Mark 
Published: September 2022

The transport of liquid droplets in atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) has been recognized as a two-phase flow. The liquid droplet introduces a perturbation in APP and under several constraints, the behavior of this perturbation is not clear during transport. As soon as the droplets interact with the APP, they become charged, which causes the droplets to evaporate. Using 1D normalized fluid model, we first describe how the liquid droplets charge and interact with helium APP. The impact of this droplet-plasma interaction is then discussed and described using 2D coupled fluid-droplet model. The numerical modeling outcomes suggested that the evaporation of droplets has emerged as a primary mechanism in plasma; however, the mutual interactions, such as grazing and coalescence between the droplets, are dominant at higher precursor flow rates (>100 μl min−1). To demonstrate the importance of different liquid precursors during droplet-plasma interaction, we analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of discharge plasma while considering the effects of HMDSO, n-hexane, TEOS, and water. Variable gas and liquid precursor flow rates are used to further examine the features of discharge plasma. Comparing penning ionization to other ionization processes, it is found to be the prime activity along the pulse of droplets, demonstrating the significance of small nitrogen impurities. Using a laser diffraction particle size analysis approach as part of an APP jet deposition system, the validation of the numerical simulations is proven by comparison with experimental observations of droplet size distributions.
Association of Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status With Visual Impairment in Adolescent Children in the US
Authors: Adomfeh Jean , Jastrzembski Benjamin G. , Oke Isdin 
Published: September 2022

ImportanceAlthough racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in visual impairment have been described in adults, few studies have focused on the adolescent population, which may provide insight into the emergence of vision health inequities.ObjectiveTo describe visual health disparities among adolescent children in the US.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a cross-sectional study of adolescents from the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants were aged 12 to 18 years with a completed visual function questionnaire and eye examination. Data analyses were conducted from January 19 to July 20, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes included subjective (self-reported poor vision) and objective (visual acuity worse than 20/40 in the better-seeing eye) measures of visual function. Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between the sociodemographic risk factors and each outcome, adjusting for age, sex, and other covariates.ResultsThe 2833 included participants (mean [SD] age, 15.5 [2.0] years; 1407 female participants [49%]) represent a survey-weighted 57 million US adolescent children, of whom 14% were non-Hispanic Black participants (876), 11% were Mexican American participants (828), 63% were non-Hispanic White participants (816), and 11% were other race and ethnicity (313). A total of 5% of participants (266) were not US citizens, and 19% (773) had a family income below the poverty threshold. There were increased odds of self-reported poor vision among Black (odds ratio [OR], 2.85; 95% CI, 2.00-4.05; P &amp;lt; .001), Mexican American (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.70-4.73; P &amp;lt; .001), and low-income (OR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.63-3.65; P &amp;lt; .001) adolescent children. Similarly, there were increased odds of visual acuity worse than 20/40 in the better-seeing eye among Black (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.41-3.24; P = .001), Mexican American (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.39-3.26; P = .001), and non-US citizen (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.10-3.49; P = .02) participants.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this nationally representative sample from 2005 to 2008, adolescent children identifying as Black, Mexican American, low-income, or non-US citizen were more likely to report poor subjective visual function and perform worse on objective visual acuity testing. A greater understanding of the underlying etiology of these disparities may yield opportunities for improving vision at the population level.
Two‐Dimensional Semiconductors for Photodetection
Authors: Sun Jian , Yang Cheng , Yao Fei , Li Huamin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince the discovery of graphene, two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors have attracted intensive interest due to their unique properties. In particular, 2D semiconductors possess unique physics and superior performance for light–matter interactions in a comparison with three‐dimensional (3D) bulk counterparts. In this article, the general electronic and optoelectronic properties of 2D semiconductors will be firstly introduced. Then the technical approaches for tuning their electronic properties including both energy bandgap engineering and doping will be presented. Electrical contacts of 2D semiconductor devices as another technical challenge will also be discussed. Finally, the application of 2D semiconductors in photodetectors, including both the light–matter interaction mechanisms and the metric benchmarking of recent advances will be summarized.