bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder engagement in eight comparative effectiveness trials in African Americans and Latinos with asthma
Authors: Dy Tiffany , Hamilton Winifred J. , Kramer C. Bradley , Apter Andrea , Krishnan Jerry A. , Stout James W. , Teach Stephen J. , Federman Alex , Elder John , Bryant-Stephens Tyra , Bruhl Rebecca J. , Jackson Shawni , Sumino Kaharu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The effects of stakeholder engagement, particularly in comparative effectiveness trials, have not been widely reported. In 2014, eight comparative effectiveness studies targeting African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos with uncontrolled asthma were funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) as part of its Addressing Disparities Program. Awardees were required to meaningfully involve patients and other stakeholders. Using specific examples, we describe how these stakeholders substantially changed the research protocols and in other ways participated meaningfully as full partners in the development and conduct of the eight studies.

Methods
Using the method content analysis of cases, we identified themes regarding the types of stakeholders, methods of engagement, input from the stakeholders, changes made to the research protocols and processes, and perceived benefits and challenges of the engagement process. We used summaries from meetings of the eight teams, results from an engagement survey, and the final research reports as our data source to obtain detailed information. The descriptive data were assessed by multiple reviewers using inductive and deductive qualitative methods and discussed in the context of engagement literature.

Results
Stakeholders participated in the planning, conduct, and dissemination phases of all eight asthma studies. All the studies included clinicians and community representatives as stakeholders. Other stakeholders included patients with asthma, their caregivers, advocacy organizations, and health-system representatives. Engagement was primarily by participation in advisory boards, although six of the eight studies (75%) also utilized focus groups and one-on-one interviews. Difficulty finding a time and location to meet was the most reported challenge to engagement, noted by four of the eight teams (50%). Other reported challenges and barriers to engagement included recruitment of stakeholders, varying levels of enthusiasm among stakeholders, controlling power dynamics, and ensuring that stakeholder involvement was reflected and had true influence on the project.

Conclusion
Engagement-driven modifications led to specific changes in study design and conduct that were felt to have increased enrollment and the general level of trust and support of the targeted communities. The level of interaction described, between investigators and stakeholders in each study and between investigator-stakeholder groups, is—we believe—unprecedented and may provide useful guidance for other studies seeking to improve the effectiveness of community-driven research.
Evaluation of lung perfusion by using lung perfusion SPECT and lung CT with breathing synchronization software
Authors: Hashimoto Hidenobu , Soma Tsutomu , Mizumura Sunao , Kokubo Tadashi , Nakanishi Rine , Ikeda Takanori 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Lung perfusion using 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and lung computed tomography (CT) is a useful modality for identifying patients with pulmonary artery embolism. However, conformity between SPECT and CT at the bottom of the lung is generally low. This study aims to investigate the progression of conformity between lung perfusion SPECT and lung CT using a breathing synchronization software.

Methods
Among 95 consecutive patients who underwent lung perfusion SPECT and lung CT within 14 days because of suspected pulmonary embolism between June 2019 and August 2020 in department of cardiovascular medicine, we identified 28 patients (73 ± 10 years) who had normal pulmonary artery on contrast lung CT. We compared lung volumes calculated using lung perfusion SPECT and lung CT as gold standard. Visual conformity between lung SPECT and lung CT was scored 0–4 (0: 0–25%, 1: 25–50%, 2: 50–75%, 3: 75–90%, 4: > 90%) by two specialists in nuclear medicine and assessed.

Results
The lung volume calculated from lung CT was 3749 ± 788 ml. The lung volume calculated from lung perfusion SPECT without using the breathing synchronization software was 3091 ± 610 ml. There was a significant difference between the lung volume calculated from CT and SPECT without using the breathing synchronization software (P < 0.01). The lung volume calculated from lung perfusion SPECT using the breathing synchronization software was 3435 ± 686 ml, and there was no significant difference between the lung volume calculated from CT and SPECT using the breathing synchronization software. The visual score improved with the use of breathing synchronization software (without software; 1.9 ± 0.6 vs. with software; 3.4 ± 0.7, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that the breathing synchronization software could improve conformity between lung perfusion SPECT and lung CT.
Optimization design of two-stage amplification micro-drive system without additional motion based on particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Yang Manzhi , Wei Kaiyang , Zhang Chuanwei , Liu Dandan , Yang Yizhi , Han Feiyan , Zhao Shuanfeng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWith the increasing requirements of precision mechanical systems in electronic packaging, ultra-precision machining, biomedicine and other high-tech fields, it is necessary to study a precision two-stage amplification micro-drive system that can safely provide high precision and a large amplification ratio. In view of the disadvantages of the current two-stage amplification and micro-drive system, such as poor security, low motion accuracy and limited amplification ratio, an optimization design of a precise symmetrical two-stage amplification micro-drive system was completed in this study, and its related performance was studied. Based on the guiding principle of the flexure hinge, a two-stage amplification micro-drive mechanism with no parasitic motion or non-motion direction force was designed. In addition, the structure optimization design of the mechanism was completed using the particle swarm optimization algorithm, which increased the amplification ratio of the mechanism from 5 to 18 times. A precise symmetrical two-stage amplification system was designed using a piezoelectric ceramic actuator and two-stage amplification micro-drive mechanism as the micro-driver and actuator, respectively. The driving, strength, and motion performances of the system were subsequently studied. The results showed that the driving linearity of the system was high, the strength satisfied the design requirements, the motion amplification ratio was high and the motion accuracy was high (relative error was 5.31%). The research in this study can promote the optimization of micro-drive systems.
Culturally adapted psychoeducation for bipolar disorder in a low-resource setting: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Husain M. Ishrat , Umer Madeha , Asif Muqaddas , Khoso Ameer B. , Kiran Tayyeba , Ansari Moin , Aslam Huma , Bhatia Moti Ram , Dogar Farasat A. , Husain M. Omair , Khan Hazrat A. , Mufti Ali A. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Naeem Farooq , Naqvi Haider A. , de Oliveira Claire , Siddiqui M. Sajjad , Tamizuddin Asad , Wang Wei , Zaheer Juveria , Husain Nusrat , Chaudhry Nasim , Chaudhry Imran B. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Bipolar disorder is a source of marked disability, morbidity and premature death. There is a paucity of research on personalised psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder, especially in low-resource settings. A pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a culturally adapted psychoeducation intervention for bipolar disorder (CaPE) in Pakistan reported higher patient satisfaction, enhanced medication adherence, knowledge and attitudes regarding bipolar disorder, and improvement in mood symptom scores and health-related quality of life measures compared with treatment as usual (TAU).

Aims
The current protocol describes a larger multicentre RCT to confirm the clinical and cost-effectiveness of CaPE in Pakistan. Trial registration: NCT05223959.

Method
A multicentre individual, parallel-arm RCT of CaPE in 300 Pakistani adults with bipolar disorder. Participants over the age of 18, with a diagnosis of bipolar I or II disorder who are currently euthymic, will be recruited from seven sites: Karachi, Lahore, Multan, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, Hyderabad and Quetta. Time to recurrence will be the primary outcome assessed using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation (LIFE). Secondary measures will include mood symptoms, quality of life and functioning, adherence to psychotropic medications, and knowledge and attitudes regarding bipolar disorder.

Results
This trial will assess the effectiveness of the CaPE intervention compared with TAU in reducing the time to recurrence for people with bipolar disorder currently in remission in Pakistan and determine the effect on clinical outcomes, quality of life and functioning.

Conclusions
A successful trial might lead to rapid implementation of CaPE in clinical practice, not only in Pakistan, but also in other low-resource settings, including those in high-income countries, to improve clinical outcomes, social and occupational functioning, and quality of life in South Asian and other minority group patients with bipolar disorder.
The effectiveness of trauma-focused psychotherapy for complex post-traumatic stress disorder: A retrospective study
Authors: Melegkovits Eirini , Blumberg Jocelyn , Dixon Emily , Ehntholt Kimberley , Gillard Julia , Kayal Hamodi , Kember Tim , Ottisova Livia , Walsh Eileen , Wood Maximillian , Gafoor Rafael , Brewin Chris , Billings Jo , Robertson Mary , Bloomfield Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
We retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of trauma-focused psychotherapy (TF-P) versus stabilization and waiting in a civilian cohort of patients with an 11th version of the international classification of disease (ICD-11) diagnosis of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD).

Methods
We identified patients with CPTSD treated at a specialist trauma service over a 3-year period by triangulating evidence from self-report questionnaires, file review, and expert-clinician opinion. Patients completed a phase-based treatment: stabilization consisting of symptom management and establishing safety, followed by waiting for treatment (phase 1); individual TF-P in the form of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) or TF-CBT plus EMDR (phase 2). Our primary outcome was PTSD symptoms during phase 2 versus phase 1. Secondary outcomes included depressive symptoms, functional impairment, and a proxy CPTSD measure. Exploratory analysis compared outcomes between treatments. Adverse outcomes were recorded.

Results
Fifty-nine patients were included. Compared to receiving only phase 1, patients completing TF-P showed statistically significant reductions in PTSD [t(58) = −3.99, p < 0.001], depressive symptoms [t(58) = −4.41, p < 0.001], functional impairment [t(58) = −2.26, p = 0.028], and proxy scores for CPTSD [t(58) = 4.69, p < 0.001]. There were no significant differences in outcomes between different treatments offered during phase 2. Baseline depressive symptoms were associated with higher PTSD symptoms and functional impairment.

Conclusions
This study suggests that TF-P effectively improves symptoms of CPTSD. However, prospective research with validated measurements is necessary to evaluate current and new treatments and identify personal markers of treatment effectiveness for CPTSD.
Mid-term follow-up chest CT findings in recovered COVID-19 patients with residual symptoms
Authors: Marchetti Francesca , Izzi Nicoletta , Donatelli Antonella , Valentini Adele , Muzic Shaun Ivan , Dore Roberto , Di Sabatino Antonio , Perrone Tiziano , Falaschi Francesco , Sabatini Umberto , Ballesio Alessia , Meloni Federica , Lettieri Sara , Mojoli Francesco , Perlini Stefano , Novati Stefano , Pagani Elisabetta , Klersy Catherine , Bruno Raffaele , Preda Lorenzo 
Published: November 2022

Objectives
More than a year has passed since the initial outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, which caused many hospitalizations worldwide due to COVID-19 pneumonia and its complications. However, there is still a lack of information detailing short- and long-term outcomes of previously hospitalized patients. The purpose of this study is to analyze the most frequent lung CT findings in recovered COVID-19 patients at mid-term follow-ups.

Methods
A total of 407 consecutive COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia and discharged between February 27, 2020, and June 26, 2020 were recruited into this study. Out of these patients, a subset of 108 patients who presented with residual asthenia and dyspnea at discharge, altered spirometric data, positive lung ultrasound and positive chest X-ray was subsequently selected, and was scheduled to undergo a mid-term chest CT study, which was evaluated for specific lung alterations and morphological patterns.

Results
The most frequently observed lung CT alterations, in order of frequency, were ground-glass opacities (81%), linear opacities (74%), bronchiolectases (64.81%), and reticular opacities (63.88%). The most common morphological pattern was the non-specific interstitial pneumonia pattern (63.88%). Features consistent with pulmonary fibrosis were observed in 32 patients (29.62%).

Conclusions
Our work showed that recovered COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized and who exhibited residual symptoms after discharge had a slow radiological recovery with persistent residual lung alterations.

Advances in knowledge
This slow recovery process should be kept in mind when determining the follow-up phases in order to improve the long-term management of patients affected by COVID-19.
TRADITIONAL VALUES AS THE BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPIRITUAL CULTURE OF ALTAI
Authors: Belkina Anastasia P. 
Published: November 2022

This article raises the question of preserving and broadcasting the traditional values and culture of the peoples living in the Altai. The focus is on the problem of globalization, which has an impact on the loss of ethnic and cultural characteristics of individual peoples. At the same time, it is noted that globalization has had a significant impact on the culture of the peoples living in Altai, it can be called special, since many ethnic groups live on the same territory, which have managed to preserve their identity. As stated in the article, their peculiarity lies in the elevation of a person, the affirmation of the principles of mutual respect and harmony of private and public interests. All the above-mentioned traditional values were preserved only thanks to cultural exchange and the continuity of generations. The close interrelation of culture and nature is emphasized, and the need to turn to the value-semantic systems of the earth, sky, sun, wildlife, plants, mountains, rivers and lakes is noted in order to understand the essence of the spiritual culture of Altai. The main idea of the development of the spiritual culture of Altai is revealed.
Purpose. Cultural and philosophical reception of the problem of preserving traditions, values and cultural characteristics of the Altai peoples.
Methodology. The methodology of the research is cultural philosophical and axiological approaches, and the key method is socio-cultural analysis.
Results. The main result of the article is a generalization of the factors of preservation of traditional values and their features are revealed.
BIOPSY METHODS IN DIAGNOSTICS BREAST DISEASES
Authors: Guseynov Arif 
Published: November 2022

The article provides information on the use of various biopsy methods in the diagnosis of breast diseases.
A biopsy followed by morphological examination of the material is the basis for both the primary diagnosis of pathology and differential diagnosis of various focal formations and changes in breast tissue, among which breast cancer is of the greatest clinical importance.
Biopsy methods used in clinical practice include excision, incision and puncture technology, allowing to obtain material for both cytological and histological examination.
The article examines in detail the advantages and disadvantages of thin- and thick-needle aspiration biopsy, soge (trepan) biopsy, fusion biopsy, vacuum aspiration biopsy, stereotactic biopsy, indications and contraindications to to conduct them.
Effectiveness of the salt therapy – current knowledge status
Authors: Oleksa Paulina , Więsyk Piotr , Spozowski Karol , Wójcik Piotr 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The salt therapy is a form of the aerosol therapy using sodium chloride in different forms. The beginnings of the halotherapy date back to the nineteenth century when it has been practised as a medical treatment in the old salt mines of Central and Eastern Europe. The salt therapy as an adjuvant method seems to have positive impact on treatment of respiratory system diseases and dermatological conditions. We distinguish two types of the dry salt therapy: halotherapy and speleotherapy.
Purpose of the article: We aimed to evaluate efficacy of the salt therapy in treatment of pulmonary and dermatological disorders.
Material and methods: We searched three electronic databases: Pubmed, Web of Science and Google Scholar from inception to the August 2022 and conducted a review. The following descriptors were used: „halotherapy”, „speleotherapy” and „salt therapy”.
Results and conclusions: The salt therapy improves mucociliary elimination, pulmonary functions and reduces airway’s irritation. It also reduces intensity of the dryness, redness and stimulates regenerative processes in the skin. This method is safe and do not cause the serious adverse effects. Therefore, due to its potential benefits, it should be considered as an additional therapy beside standard treatment procedures inter alia in the asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis. Moreover, halotherapy has positive impact on children’s general development as it enhances the growth and weight gain. However, scientific evidences for effectiveness of the salt therapy are limitted. There is a need of further studies assessing effectiveness of the long-therm salt therapy on the larger group of patients.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - problematic rare lung disease. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis
Authors: Kłos Aleksander , Szydłowska Justyna , Żuchnik Olga , Król Olgierd , Kwiatkowski Piotr , Kuczyńska Beata , Czelej Magdalena , Gładysz Konrad , Gieroba Krzysztof , Szydłowski Marcin 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fatal lung disease most often affecting people over the age of 50. Causes and pathogenesis of the disease are not fully understood. The non-specific symptoms of the disease prolongs diagnosis. It translates into a reduced chance of survival for patients. Treatment options for patients with IPF remain limited and sometimes lung transplantation is indicated. The prognosis of untreated IPF is 2 to 3 years.
Aim of the study: Summary of current knowledge on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
Methods and materials: A review of the literature available in the PubMed database, using the following keywords: „Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis”, „Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis current treatment”, „Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Pathogenesis”.
Results: The pathogenesis of IPF has been understood to some extent, but is still not described in detail. A chest CT scan and a lung biopsy are procedures that allow us to confidently diagnose IPF. We have two drugs at our disposal - pirfenidone and nintedanib, but their effect is not satisfactory. The prognosis of the disease is poor, and lung transplantation is the only way to improve it significantly.
Conclusion: IPF is a severe lung disease in which the main problem is its difficult diagnosis and rapidly progressive course. We have drugs that delay the decline in lung function, but they do not improve the quality or prolong the life of the patient. It is also known that lung transplantation is the best solution, but it is rarely performed. The prognosis of the disease is poor, often worse than the prognosis of many cancers. It is possible that knowing the exact pathogenesis of the causes of the IPF would enable more effective treatment and diagnosis.
A TÉCNICA DE ANÁLISE DE CONTEÚDO NA PESQUISA QUALITATIVA
Authors: Sousa Sobrinho Pessoa Zenaura , Margarida de Castro Crusoé Nilma 
Published: November 2022

Neste artigo objetivamos evidenciar a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo que utilizamos para analisarmos os dados da pesquisa qualitativa “práticas de formação continuada para as coordenadoras do município de Cordeiros-Bahia”. Como a pesquisa exige um caminho robusto para que o investigador tenha êxito na obtenção das respostas para suas indagações e na busca por alcançar os objetivos propostos, sentimos a necessidade de iniciarmos esse trabalho expondo o tipo de pesquisa e sua estruturação para a compreensão do processo investigativo para depois descrevermos o caminho que percorremos para analise dos dados. Como aporte teórico, respaldamos nos escritos de Amado (2017), Creswell (2010), Crusoé (2014), Bardin (2011), Bogdan e Biklin (1994), Gil (2002), Lakatos e Marconi (2010), Martins e Bicudo (1994), Minayo (1994; 2001 e 2002) e Triviños (1987). Os resultados apontam que a Análise de Conteúdo configura-se como uma metodologia que segue uma organização específica a qual permite ao pesquisador um passo-a-passo (caminho) a seguir para a realização de sua investigação. Além disso, foi possível perceber que essa técnica produz resultados significativos na pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, no campo das ciências sociais.
Enrollments in a Tobacco Dependence Treatment Program during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study
Authors: Folan Patricia , Fardellone Christine , Abramova Raisa , Spatarella Andrea 
Published: November 2022

During the pandemic, Covid-19 mortality rates were higher in those who smoke. Smokers reported relapse to tobacco use during the pandemic and /or an increase in the numbers of cigarettes smoked. Individuals reported working from home with more opportunity to smoke without restrictions, increased stress, anxiety, boredom, and isolation as their reasons for relapse or increased cigarette consumption. A health system tobacco cessation program was offered remotely with individual telephone or telehealth sessions and weekly virtual support groups. There was a significant increase in program enrollments and quit rates during the pandemic compared to the previous year. As individuals return to in-person work, tobacco control measures, such as tobacco-free indoor and outdoor environments as well as tobacco cessation programs will be important factors in reducing smoking and encouraging cessation.