bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landscape characteristics influence projected growth rates of stream-resident juvenile salmon in the face of climate change in the Kenai River watershed, south-central Alaska
Authors: Meyer Benjamin E. , Wipfli Mark S. , Schoen Erik R. , Rinella Daniel J. , Falke Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
Climate change is affecting the distribution and productivity of Pacific salmon throughout their range. At high latitudes, warmer temperatures have been associated with increased freshwater growth of juvenile salmon, but it is not clear how long this trend will continue before further warming leads to reduced growth. To explore the potential influence of climate warming on juvenile Chinook and Coho Salmon summer growth rates in southcentral Alaska, we coupled bioenergetics models with temperature sensitivity models for streams across the Kenai River watershed.

Methods
We measured diet (n = 772 stomachs) and growth (n = 3,791 weight/length values) under current conditions and used published air temperature projections to model growth for the 2030–2039 and 2060–2069 decades.

Result
We estimated direct effects of climate warming on juvenile growth (body mass at the end of May–September study period) will be primarily negative, ranging from +5.1% to −22.8% relative to a 2010–2019 baseline. Estimated effects depended on age cohort, feeding rate, and climate scenario. However, an extended growing season from warming could mitigate or offset predicted reductions in growth during midsummer.

Conclusion
Our results illustrate how diverse habitats are expected to produce variation in the magnitude of climate effects throughout juvenile salmon rearing environments.
Feeding trial evaluation of supplemental sodium and calcium use by pigeons
Authors: Sanders Todd A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Pacific Coast band‐tailed pigeon's (Patagioenas fasciata monilis) conspicuous and well documented use of supplemental minerals has allowed wildlife managers to conduct counts of pigeons at sites with minerals to index their abundance; but despite at least 9 associated peer‐reviewed research publications since 1998, the reason that band‐tailed pigeons use mineral sites and necessity of that use remains unknown. I conducted feeding trials with pigeons during summers of 2009 and 2010 to evaluate maintenance and reproductive performance associated with access to supplemental minerals: one with 24 pairs of wild‐caught band‐tailed pigeons, and one with 30 pairs of wild‐caught rock pigeons (Columba livia). Data indicate that red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa var. arborescens) and cascara (Rhamnus purshiana) berries (natural food items) are high energy food sources for band‐tailed pigeons, and that band‐tailed pigeons can thrive on these berries without access to supplemental sodium and calcium. However, access to supplemental sodium could offer band‐tailed pigeons advantages in body weight maintenance or gain when consuming a diet low in sodium and high in potassium. Band‐tailed pigeons did not nest in this study; thus, it remains unknown if there are benefits to reproductive performance from access to supplemental minerals. Rock pigeons with access to supplemental sodium fledged ≥33% more young than those pigeons without access to supplemental sodium, and this was primarily associated with the increased number of clutches and increased fledging rate. Also, fledgling mass was greater ( ± SE = 35.5 ± 7.9 g, 95% CI = 19.3–51.8) for rock pigeons with access to supplemental sodium at fledging in 2010, but the difference was not statistically significant in 2009 (5.9 ± 22.9, 95% CI = − 43.2–55.0) possibly because of the nutritionally limited diet that year. Access to supplemental sodium could offer band‐tailed pigeons advantages in fecundity and hatchling survival rates (recruitment) through increased efficiency in food conversion. Natural mineral sites used by band‐tailed pigeons should be conserved until additional information is available for evaluation. Also, comparison of counts of band‐tailed pigeons at mineral sites over time and among sites must be interpreted cautiously until the factors (e.g., diet, weather, accessibility, supplemental mineral concentration, etc.) that influence the proportion of the local band‐tailed pigeon population that uses mineral sites can be determined.
XFEM level set-based topology optimization for turbulent conjugate heat transfer problems
Authors: Noël L. , Maute K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSolving conjugate heat transfer design problems is relevant for various engineering applications requiring efficient thermal management. Heat exchange between fluid and solid can be enhanced by optimizing the system layout and the shape of the flow channels. As heat is transferred at fluid/solid interfaces, it is crucial to accurately resolve the geometry and the physics responses across these interfaces. To address this challenge, this work investigates for the first time the use of an eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) approach to predict the physical responses of conjugate heat transfer problems considering turbulent flow. This analysis approach is integrated into a level set-based optimization framework. The design domain is immersed into a background mesh and the geometry of fluid/solid interfaces is defined implicitly by one or multiple level set functions. The level set functions are discretized by higher-order B-splines. The flow is predicted by the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations. Turbulence is described by the Spalart–Allmaras model and the thermal energy transport by an advection–diffusion model. Finite element approximations are augmented by a generalized Heaviside enrichment strategy with the state fields being approximated by linear basis functions. Boundary and interface conditions are enforced weakly with Nitsche’s method, and the face-oriented ghost stabilization is used to mitigate numerical instabilities associated with the emergence of small integration subdomains. The proposed XFEM approach for turbulent conjugate heat transfer is validated against benchmark problems. Optimization problems are solved by gradient-based algorithms and the required sensitivity analysis is performed by the adjoint method. The proposed framework is illustrated with the design of turbulent heat exchangers in two dimensions. The optimization results show that, by tuning the shape of the fluid/solid interface to generate turbulence within the heat exchanger, the transfer of thermal energy can be increased.
Kalimantan hydroclimate variability since the last glacial period
Authors: Hendrizan Marfasran , Kuhnt Wolfgang , Holbourn Ann , Cahyarini Sri Yudawati , Ningsih Nining Sari 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChanges in convective activity and hydroclimate over Northeastern Kalimantan are key features to understand glacial to interglacial climate evolution in the center of the West Pacific Warm Pool during the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. We use high-resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanner-derived elemental ratios in sediment Core SO217-18522 (1º 24.106’ N, 119º 4.701’E, 975 m water depth) recovered from the northern Makassar Strait to reconstruct changes in precipitation-related weathering and erosion over Northeastern Kalimantan over the last 50 kyr. Enhanced seasonality of rainfall and an extended dry season during Heinrich Stadials (HS4 to HS1) and the Younger Dryas (YD) suggest weakening of the tropical convection associated with a southward shift of the tropical rain belt and the annual mean position of the Intertropical Tropical Convection Zone. Increasing sediment discharge and intensification of convective activity occurred during the early to mid-Holocene during an interval of high Northern Hemisphere insolation, elevated atmosphericpCO2levels and global warming. Our reconstructions in comparison with regional terrestrial and marine records highlight the high spatial variability of Kalimantan hydroclimate on millennial to glacial-interglacial timescales.
Calibrating the Dice Loss to Handle Neural Network Overconfidence for Biomedical Image Segmentation
Authors: Yeung Michael , Rundo Leonardo , Nan Yang , Sala Evis , Schönlieb Carola-Bibiane , Yang Guang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) is both a widely used metric and loss function for biomedical image segmentation due to its robustness to class imbalance. However, it is well known that the DSC loss is poorly calibrated, resulting in overconfident predictions that cannot be usefully interpreted in biomedical and clinical practice. Performance is often the only metric used to evaluate segmentations produced by deep neural networks, and calibration is often neglected. However, calibration is important for translation into biomedical and clinical practice, providing crucial contextual information to model predictions for interpretation by scientists and clinicians. In this study, we provide a simple yet effective extension of the DSC loss, named the DSC++ loss, that selectively modulates the penalty associated with overconfident, incorrect predictions. As a standalone loss function, the DSC++ loss achieves significantly improved calibration over the conventional DSC loss across six well-validated open-source biomedical imaging datasets, including both 2D binary and 3D multi-class segmentation tasks. Similarly, we observe significantly improved calibration when integrating the DSC++ loss into four DSC-based loss functions. Finally, we use softmax thresholding to illustrate that well calibrated outputs enable tailoring of recall-precision bias, which is an important post-processing technique to adapt the model predictions to suit the biomedical or clinical task. The DSC++ loss overcomes the major limitation of the DSC loss, providing a suitable loss function for training deep learning segmentation models for use in biomedical and clinical practice. Source code is available at https://github.com/mlyg/DicePlusPlus.
Changes in Sexual Behaviors with Opposite-Sex Partners and Sexually Transmitted Infection Outcomes Among Females and Males Ages 15–44 Years in the USA: National Survey of Family Growth, 2008–2019
Authors: Katz David A. , Copen Casey E. , Haderxhanaj Laura T. , Hogben Matthew , Goodreau Steven M. , Spicknall Ian H. , Hamilton Deven T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRates of reported gonorrhea and chlamydial infections have increased substantially over the past decade in the USA and disparities persist across age and race/ethnicity. We aimed to understand potential changes in sexual behaviors, sexual network attributes, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening that may be contributing to these trends. We analyzed data from 29,423 female and 24,605 male respondents ages 15–44 years from the National Survey of Family Growth, 2008–2019. We used survey-weighted linear or logistic regression to evaluate linear temporal trends in sexual behaviors with opposite-sex partners, network attributes, and STI testing, treatment, and diagnosis. Significant declines were observed in condom use at last vaginal sex, mean number of vaginal sex acts, proportion of condom-protected sex acts in the past 4 weeks, and racial/ethnic homophily with current partners among males and females from 2008–2010 through 2017–2019. Among males, mean number of female partners in the past 12 months and concurrency also declined, while the percent reporting ever having sex with another male increased. Past-year testing for chlamydia and any STI increased among females. Research is needed to understand how these changes interact and potentially contribute to increasing reported gonorrhea and chlamydia diagnoses and identify avenues for future intervention.
Stakeholder Theory: Toward a Classical Institutional Economics Perspective
Authors: Valentinov Vladislav 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStakeholder theorists have traditionally objected to the neoclassical conception of the firm as a vehicle for maximizing profit or shareholder wealth, thus opening up space for controversial engagement with neoclassical economics. The present paper fills some of this space by elaborating the parallels between stakeholder theory and classical institutional economics, a heterodox school of economic thought that has long been critical of a broad range of neoclassical ideas. Rooted in the writings of Veblen and Commons, classical institutional economics explores how the social provisioning process is coordinated or hindered by real-world business institutions. From this standpoint, stakeholder theory highlights the possibility of overcoming the institutionally ingrained conflicts and trade-offs for the sake of realizing common human interests in organizing the social provisioning process in an orderly and reasonable way. This argument not only illuminates the relationship of stakeholder theory to the wider societal context of modern capitalist economies but also elaborates novel aspects of the moral nature of stakeholder management.
Shapley values for cluster importance
Authors: Brandsæter Andreas , Glad Ingrid K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel approach to explain the predictions made by data-driven methods. Since such predictions rely heavily on the data used for training, explanations that convey information about how the training data affects the predictions are useful. The paper proposes a novel approach to quantify how different data-clusters of the training data affect a prediction. The quantification is based on Shapley values, a concept which originates from coalitional game theory, developed to fairly distribute the payout among a set of cooperating players. A player’s Shapley value is a measure of that player’s contribution. Shapley values are often used to quantify feature importance, ie. how features affect a prediction. This paper extends this to cluster importance, letting clusters of the training data act as players in a game where the predictions are the payouts. The novel methodology proposed in this paper lets us explore and investigate how different clusters of the training data affect the predictions made by any black-box model, allowing new aspects of the reasoning and inner workings of a prediction model to be conveyed to the users. The methodology is fundamentally different from existing explanation methods, providing insight which would not be available otherwise, and should complement existing explanation methods, including explanations based on feature importance.
Reframing race and widening access into higher education
Authors: Madriaga Manuel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper draws attention to empirical work on widening access to understand the silence on race matters in English higher education. This work repurposes a critical race theoretical framework that offers a glimpse of how the issue of unequal access to higher education has been framed in the research field. It is argued here that the framing of widening access reveals a persistent colour-evasiveness that is dominant. The findings show that widening access policy has not benefitted students of colour as they are not accessing higher education with the same kind of success as their white peers. The paper concludes for a call for race-conscious interventions to remedy the continued race inequity in accessing highly rejective institutions based on the evidence gathered.
Spatial Attention to Emotional Images and Psychopathic Personality Traits
Authors: Snowden Robert J. , Mitchell Ella , Ojo Sarah K. , Preedy-Lunt Rebecca , Gray Nicola S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPsychopathy has often been thought to be associated with a deficit in processing of the affective content of stimuli. This hypothesis was tested by examining if stimuli that depicted a threat to the viewer, or stimuli that depicted distressing scenes, would produce an automatic shift in spatial attention, and whether this effect would be modified by individual differences in trait psychopathy as conceptualised by the triarchic model of psychopathy. Using a large mixed gender community sample (N = 286) it was found that spatial attention was averted away from threat stimuli for both short (200 ms) and long (500 ms) periods from cue to target, while the distress cues did not produce any spatial attention shifts. The trait of Meanness was found to be associated with a reduction in the effect of threat stimuli, while the trait of Disinhibition was found to be associated with an increase in this threat effect. However, the dot-probe task showed poor reliability. We conclude that the callous unemotional aspects of psychopathy, as captured by the Meanness scale, are underpinned by a lack of response to affective information, whereas impulsive/irresponsible traits of psychopathy, as captured by the Disinhibition scale, are underpinned by an exaggerated response to such affective information.
Approximation algorithms for some extensions of the maximum profit routing problem
Authors: Armaselu Bogdan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider extensions of the Maximum-Profit Public Transportation Route Planning Problem, or simply Maximum-Profit Routing Problem (MPRP), introduced in Armaselu and Daescu (Approximation algorithms for the maximum profit pick-up problem with time windows and capacity constraint, 2016. arXiv:1612.01038, Interactive assisting framework for maximum profit routing in public transportation in smart cities, PETRA, 13–16, 2017). Specifically, we consider MPRP with Time-Variable Supply (MPRP-VS), in which the quantity $$q_i(t)$$

q
i

(
t
)

supplied at site i is linearly increasing in time t, as opposed to the original MPRP problem, where the quantity is constant in time. For MPRP-VS, our main result is a $$5.5 \log {T} (1 + \epsilon ) \left( 1 + \frac{1}{1 + \sqrt{m}}\right) ^2$$

5.5
log
T

(
1
+
ϵ
)

1
+

1

1
+

m

2

approximation algorithm, where T is the latest time window and m is the number of vehicles used. We also study the MPRP with Multiple Vehicles per Site, in which a site may be visited by a vehicle multiple times, which can have 2 flavors: with quantities fixed in time (MPRP-M), and with time-variable quantities (MPRP-MVS). Our algorithmic solution to MPRP-VS can also improve upon the MPRP algorithm in Armaselu and Daescu (2017) under certain conditions. In addition, we simulate the MPRP-VS algorithm on a few benchmark, real-world, and synthetic instances.
FPGA acceleration of planar multibody dynamics simulations in the Hamiltonian–based divide–and–conquer framework
Authors: Turno Szymon , Malczyk Paweł 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMultibody system simulations are increasingly complex for various reasons, including structural complexity, the number of bodies and joints, and many phenomena modeled using specialized formulations. In this paper, an effort is pursued toward efficiently implementing the Hamiltonian-based divide-and-conquer algorithm (HDCA), a highly-parallel algorithm for multi-rigid-body dynamics simulations modeled in terms of canonical coordinates. The algorithm is implemented and executed on a system–on–chip platform which integrates a general-purpose CPU and FPGA. The details of the LDUP factorization, which is used in the HDCA approach and accounts for significant computational load, are presented. Simple planar multibody systems with open- and closed-loop topologies are analyzed to show the correctness of the implementation. Hardware implementation details are provided, especially in the context of inherent parallelism in the HDCA algorithm and linear algebra procedures employed for calculations. The computational performance of the implementation is investigated. The final results show that the FPGA–based multibody system simulations may be executed significantly faster than the analogous calculations performed on a general–purpose CPU. This conclusion is a good premise for various model-based applications, including real-time multibody simulation and control.
Swampman, teleosemantics and kind essences
Authors: Papineau David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne powerful and influential approach to mental representation analyses representation in terms of biological functions, and biological functions in terms of histories of natural selection. This “teleosemantic” package, however, faces a familiar challenge. Surely representation depends only on the present-day structures of cognitive systems, and not on their historical provenance. “Swampman” drives the point home. Suppose a bolt of lightning creates an intrinsic duplicate of a human being in a steamy tropic swamp; will not this creature be representing its surroundings, despite its lack of any selectional history? In this paper I shall answer this challenge by showing how a proper appreciation of the structure of natural kinds in general, and of mental representation in particular, implies that selectional histories are indeed built into the nature of mental representation. In particular, I shall address a recent argument by Peter Schulte against this general line of argument.
NH3-NO SCR Catalysts for Engine Exhaust Gases Abatement: Replacement of Toxic V2O5 with MnOx to Improve the Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Consentino L. , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Parola V. La , Migliore C. , Greca E. La , Liotta Leonarda Francesca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMn-WO3/TiO2 catalysts were investigated for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3. The catalysts were synthesized by wetness impregnation method with different Mn loadings (1.5-3-12 wt%) on 8wt%WO3/TiO2. All three catalysts were compared with 8wt%WO3/TiO2 and bare MnOx oxide, used as references. The 1.5wt%Mn-8wt%WO3/TiO2 exhibited the highest performance in NO conversion and N2 selectivity. A commercial catalyst, based on titania supported vanadia and tungsta, (V2O5-WO3/TiO2), widely used for its high efficiency, was also investigated in the present work. The morphological, structural, redox and electronic properties of the catalysts and their thermal stability were studied by several techniques (N2 adsorption/desorption, X-ray diffraction, H2 temperature-programmed reduction, NH3 temperature programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy).The aim of this paper is to study the effect of different Mn loadings on 8wt%WO3/TiO2 with the ambition to obtain highly active and selective catalysts in a large window of temperature. The replacement of toxic vanadium used in the classic V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst with MnOx in the best performing catalyst, 1.5wt%Mn-8wt%WO3/TiO2, represents an important achievement to improve the environmental sustainability.
Understanding CT imaging findings based on the underlying pathophysiology in patients with small bowel ischemia
Authors: Nakamura Yuko , Kondo Shota , Narita Keigo , Maeda Shogo , Fonseca Dara , Honda Yukiko , Tani Chihiro , Fukumoto Wataru , Mitani Hidenori , Ishibashi Mana , Chosa Keigo , Tatsugami Fuminari , Awai Kazuo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBecause acute small bowel ischemia has a high mortality rate, it requires rapid intervention to avoid unfavorable outcomes. Computed tomography (CT) examination is important for the diagnosis of bowel ischemia. Acute small bowel ischemia can be the result of small bowel obstruction or mesenteric ischemia, including mesenteric arterial occlusion, mesenteric venous thrombosis, and non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia. The clinical significance of each CT finding is unique and depends on the underlying pathophysiology. This review describes the definition and mechanism(s) of bowel ischemia, reviews CT findings suggesting bowel ischemia, details factors involved in the development of small bowel ischemia, and presents CT findings with respect to the different factors based on the underlying pathophysiology. Such knowledge is needed for accurate treatment decisions.