bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pydrln for Control of Leafhoppers on Grape Foliage, 1980
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Miller Karl V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A vinifera vineyard at Conneaut, OH consisting of two rows of Reisling grapes alternating with two rows of Chardonnay was used for this test. Rows were 9 ft on center with 6 ft between vines in the row. Each treatment consisted of four adjacent rows (2 Chardonnay + 2 Reisling) which was equivalent to ca. 0.25 acres. The rate of 0.4 lb Al/Acre was applied to only 6 vines In one row (Chardonnay). Foliar sprays were applied on Jul 19 and Aug 2 at a rate of 32 gal/acre, using a Tecnoma 300 liter turbine air blast sprayer with 4 nozzles/side at 100 psi. A spreader-sticker. Miller Nu Film 17, was added to all sprays at the rate of I pt/100 gallons. No other insecticides were applied to the experimental area during this test. In sampling, 50 leaves (25/cultivar) were examined and the number of leafhopper nymphs/leaf recorded. Fungicides (Captan 50WP, Benlate 50WP, Sulfur and Maxicrop (Kelp)) were all sprayed every 10 to 14 days throughout the season. An injury survey was made prior to application on Jul 9 which Indicated that 20% of the leaves had some stippling.
Larvicidal Activity Against the Grape Berry Moth,1980
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Ellis Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A fourteen year old experimental vineyard of ‘Concord’ grapes at Wooster, OH was used for this evaluation. Rows were 9ft on center with 9ft between vines in the row. Each row was a randomized complete block containing a single replicate of each of the 6 treatments. A replicate consisted of 2 adjacent vines, with 4 replicates/treatment. Insecticidal applications were made on Jun 27 and Jul 7 at the rate of 100 gal water/acre. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays using a CO2 sprayer operated at 60 psi and equipped with Tee Jet D3 disc and No. 25 core. A spreader-sticker (Ortho X-77) was added to all Insecticide and fungicide sprays at I pt/100 gal. Fungicides were applied to the entire experimental area at a 2 week interval beginning in mid-May through July, using 1 lb Benlate 50WP and 2 lb Captan 50WP/100 gal. On Aug 3, applications were made using 1/2 lb Folpet 50WP, plus 1/2 lb Dlthane M-45/100 gal water. Ten clusters were taken at random from each plot, and the number of ‘stung’ berries in each plot was recorded. Date of harvest was Sep 30.
Chemical Suppression of the Meadow Spittlebug in Strawberries, 1980
Authors: Williams Roger N. , Ellis Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was conducted at the Snyder Farm of OARDC located at Wooster, OH on a 3-year old planting of ‘Midway’ strawberries. A randomized complete block design with 6 replications was utilized. Plot size was 76 inches long by 20 inches wide with rows 48 inches apart. Insecticides were applied on May 27 when plants were in full bloom. They were sprayed with a CO2 powered constant sprayer equipped with a Tee Jet D3 disc and No. 23 core at the rate of 100 gal/acre. To confine the insecticides to their respective plots in the continuous rows a piece of cardboard 3 ft x 3 ft was secured at each end of the plot. Fungicides were applied to the entire experimental area on May 20 and Jun 2 at the following rates: Benlate 50WP 0.5 lb + Captan 50WP 1.5/100 gal. Nymphal counts were made by tossing a wire frame I ft2 near the center portion of a plot and counting the number of spittle masses present on any part of the plants Inside the square.
Citrus Rust Mite Control, 1980
Authors: Childers C. C. , Konsler B. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Varying rates of FMC 35001 were compared against Vendex and Ethion for efficacy against citrus rust mite CRM) in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were replicated 7 times in single tree plots. An unsprayed buffer tree separated treated trees both within and between rows. The spray application was applied dilute with a handgun at 400 psi using a truck-mounted sprayer on May 30. Twenty fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample tree at various time intervals before and after spraying. A I cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm2 count per fruit of motile CRM was recorded as one observation.
Efficacy of Drawin 755 Against Citrus Blackfly, 1979
Authors: Dowell Robert V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two field tests of the efficacy of Drawin 755 against citrus blackfly were conducted in Aug - Sep (test I) and Oct - Nov (test 2). In Test I, 8 trees were sprayed per treatment while in Test 2, 5 trees were used per treatment. Rates were as follows: Test I - 0, 75 and 100 grams A 1/100 liters and Test 2-0. 50. 75 and 100 grams A 1/100 liters. Citrus blackfly population levels were estimated by randomly selecting 5 infested leaves from each tree on each sampling date, -I, +3, +7, +14, and +35 days. Each nymph on each leaf was probed with a dissecting needle under a microscope at 30X and considered alive if body fluids were present. Treatments were applied with a hydraulic sprayer to the point of runoff.
Oranges, Control of Texas Spider Mite With Nc 21314, 1980
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Mullis C. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Trees in a 12-year-old Valencia block were used in this test. Leaves averaged 3 motile mites and 5 eggs Apr I In this area of the grove. Each treatment consisted of single-tree plots replicated 4 times. Plots were sprayed at a rate of 3 gal/tree (234 gpa) Apr 2 with a hand gun using 400 psi. Results were taken in the field by sampling 50 leaves/tree with the aid of 20X hand magnifiers.
Control of American Plum Borer on Almonds, 1980
Authors: Lindegren J. E. , Yamashita T. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A Volck Supreme oil (2E) was applied in Feb to frass in American plum borer gallery openings. Galleries showing recent activity were selected and 1.8 ml oil was applied with a 500 ml “oil can” to the frass protruding from 10 treatment galleries. Ten like galleries were selected for the untreated control. The oil rapidly penetrated the gallery through the accumulated frass. Three days after exposure, all larvae, test and control, were excavated from the galleries to determine larval mortality.
Lepidoptera Control in Broccoli, 1980
Authors: Trumble John T. , Zehnder Geoff 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘De Cicco’ broccoli was seeded at 3 lb/acre on Aug 24 at the University of California South Coast Field Station in Irvine, California. Experimental plots were 20 m long and 3 rows wide, with 0,76 m between rows. Plants were thinned to 0.33-0.38 m spacings on Sept 9-10. Following thinning, the crop was furrow-irrigated weekly. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a Latin Square design, with replicates separated by 1.5 m and 1 untreated row of plants. Plants were sprayed weekly with Pirimor 50WP for aphid control at 0.25 lb ai/acre and 100 or 120 psi on Sept 19, 26, Oct 3, 10, and 17. Carrier (H2O) increased from 45 to 100 gal/acre as plant height increased. Pydrin and Nudrin were applied at 0.1 and 0.9 lb ai/acre, respectively, on the same dates, with the same amount of carrier. Treatments were evaluated for cabbage looper, imported cabbageworm, beet armyworm, and diamondback moth larvae and pupae from 10 plants from the center row in each replicate on Sept 25, Oct 2, 9, 16 and 23. All mature plants in each replicate were harvested on Oct 27. No precipitation was recorded at the weather facility on the South Coast Field Station during this experiment.
Cabbage Looper Control on Cabbage with Synthetic Pyrethroids, 1979
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Trials were conducted on cabbage planted at the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station where the soil type is Laveen Clay Loam. ‘Golden Acre Y. R.’ seed was planted in a dry seed bed on Aug 21 using a Stanhay precision planter which spaced the seeds approximately 2 inches apart. The planting was furrow irrigated and kept moist until germination. Seedling cabbage was thinned to a 14 inch spacing on Sep 27. Plots were 13.3 ft wide (4-40 inch beds) x 25 ft long representing 0.007 acre. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Spray applications were made with a CO2 bak-pak sprayer utilizing a lightweight spray boom having 2 hollow cone nozzles. Each nozzle was fitted with a D-3 disc, No. 25 core and 50 mesh screen operating at 55 psi. A single nozzle per plant row was used when the plants were small and 2 nozzles per plant row were used when the plants became larger, insect counts were made at approximately weekly intervals by examination of 10 plants from the middle 2 beds of each plot. Thus 40 plants were examined for the presence of cabbage looper eggs and larvae. When mature all of the plants from the middle 2 beds of each plot were rated for insect damage using a scale of 1-5 (1 = no visible insect damage, and 5 = heavy insect feeding damage). In addition to the damage rating, the heads in the middle 2 beds were rated according to size using the scale 1-3, 1 = large, 2 = medium, 3 = small, plus culls.
Cabbage Insect Control, 1980
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Blue Heaven’ cabbage were transplanted Jul 22 ’80 in sandy loam soil in single row, 25 ft long plots in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Sprays were applied with a tractor-mounted sprayer equipped with one drop nozzle on either side of the row and one nozzle over the center calibrated to deliver 43 gal/A at 40 psi. Treatments were applied Aug 6, 14, 28 and Sep 4, 12 and 19. In evaluating the various treatments, direct larval counts, foliage injury ratings, and percent marketable heads were utilized. The categories for the foliage injury ratings are as follows: 1) no feeding evident; 2) slight visible feeding; 3) heavy feeding, head damaged, 10-25% defoliation; 4) intense feeding, 50% defoliation, and 5) severe feeding, 75% defoliation. Yields (percent marketable heads) were taken on Sep 29, defined as cabbage heads that had no visible feeding and contained at least 2 wrapper leaves.
Control of the Diamondback Moth on Cabbage, 1977
Authors: Javaid I. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in randomized block design at the field station of Natural Resources Development College, Lusaka during 1977 in dry season. There were ten treatments including control with four replications. The treatments were compared in 36 m2 (18x2 m) test plots containing three rows of 25 cabbage heads. Three applications were made with hand operated knapsack sprayer at 50 gallons of water per acre. Teepol was added as a spreader to each spray at a rate of 4 ml per gallon. The materials tested were orthene 75% WP, nuvacron 40% EC, diazinon 60% EC, malathion 50% EC, DDT 75% WP, and thuricide. The materials used as standards were DDT and malathion. The effectiveness of materials was determined by counting the surviving larvae and pupae on ten randomly selected plants 2 weeks after the last spray.
Cabbage Insect Management, 1980
Authors: Simonet D. E. , Morisak D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage was seeded on May 21, 1980 at Fremont, Ohio on 30” centers with a Nibex precision seeder. Two row plots 30 ft long separated by untreated border rows were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a hand-held CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 40 psi through a 8015E nozzle. Plots were evaluated weekly counting larvae on 5 plants/plot, and materials were applied on an “as needed” basis when Lepidoptera larval pressure exceeded 1 larva/2 plants. On Aug 27, 10 plants/plot were evaluated for damage using both a fresh market and a processing (sauerkraut) damage rating scale. Total yields were measured on 1 row/plot.
Cabbage Insect Control, 1980
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Market Prize’ cabbage was transplanted on Aug 11, 1980, near Benson, NC. Treatments consisted of single-row plots 15 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Five-ft alleys separated blocks. Five treatments were applied weekly on Oct 15, 27, and Nov 3, except Ambush which was applied Oct 15, 17, 20, 22, 24, 27, 29, 31, Nov 3 and 5. Applications were made using a 2.5 gallon CO2 backpack sprayer at a rate equivalent to 100 gallons of water per acre at 40 psi with a hollow cone nozzle. Eight cabbage heads were sampled on Nov 4 and all T.ni, P.xylosfrello and P.rapae larvae counted. Worm damage evaluations were also made. A 1-5 scale was used: 1 indicating no damage and 5 indicating heavy damage. The various worm counts were combined for statistical analysis of total worms per head.
Control of Diamondback Moth on Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Stevens Larry M. , Bias Tom , Duenas Joseph G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was located at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Inarajan, Guam. Seedlings were transplanted into the field (volcanic ash with a Mariana limestone base) on Nov 8, 1978. Each plot consisted of 3 rows 12 ft long and 4 ft apart. Each row consisted of 6 plants. Four plots were Ruby Ball and 4 plots were C-O. The 2 varieties were equally represented in the experiment; 2 C-O plots and 2 Ruby Ball plots received the Orthene treatment and 2 plots of each variety were controls. Treatments were applied with a solo backpack sprayer 425 starting Jan 31, 1979, and continued every 4 days until Feb 15, 1979. Diamondback damage was assessed on Feb 15, 1979, by counting the number of larvae per plant and then determining the percentage of infested heads.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Carrot Weevil Control, 1980
Authors: Simonet D. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Celery was transplanted on Apr 24, 1980, at the Muck Crops Research Station, OARDC, Willard, Ohio. Two row plots,. 25 ft long on 24 inch centers, were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized block design. Soil type was organic muck. Rows were planted in a north-south direction perpendicular to an east-west row of willows used as a wind break where the carrot weevil overwinters. Each plot was bordered by 6 rows of onions planted as a non-host crop border to minimize between plot movement by the carrot weevil. Traps baited with carrots were placed along the willow row and sprays were initiated on May 8, 1980 coinciding with first capture of adult carrot weevils. Directed sprays were applied with a tractor driven sprayer at 2 mph delivering 50 gal of spray at 30 psi. Damage was evaluated on Jun 11, 1989 by digging 10 celery plants/row (20/plot) at the south end of the row nearest the willow row and counting numbers of plants infested with carrot weevil.
Sweetcorn, Corn Earworm Control, 1980
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Funks G80 planted Apr 21, 1980, University of Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. Soil type was an Appling sandy loam. A randomized complete block experimental design with 2 row plots x 20 ft long x 38 inch row width x 2 ft alleys was used with 5 replicates. Plants were treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi in a final volume of 50 gal/A directed on the plant ears. Plots were sprayed 6 times on Jun 18, 20, 23, 25, 27, and 30. All ears in the center 18 foot of row were examined on Jul 2 for the presence of corn earworm larvae or damage.
Foliar Sprays for Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1980
Authors: Bowman James 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Harris Classic’ eggplants were transplanted on May 24, 1980 into single row plots on 3-ft centers consisting of five plants each spaced 2-ft apart. Each plot was replicated four times and arranged in a randomized block design. Spray treatments were applied on Jun 13, 20, Jul 3, 11, 18, 25, Aug 1, 8, and ]5, 1980 using a B & G pressurized sprayer (40 psi) at a rate of 25 gal/acre. Evaluations were made by counting all the visible larvae on each plant on Jul 3, 1980 and by comparing the yield of fruit harvest from each treatment. Harvests were made on Aug 21, 26, Sep 2, and 10, 1980 by picking and weighing all marketable fruit from each treatment. The yield data presented is a composit of the four pickings.
Pepper Weevil Control on Pepper, 1980
Authors: Schuster David J. , Everett Paul H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transplants were set Mar 6, 12 in apart on 3 ft wide by 6 in high beds of Immokalee fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 15 plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete blocks design. Treatments were applied Mar 25, Apr 1, 9, 17, 24, 30, May 7, 13, 19, 27, and Jun 3 with a Solo motorized mist blower which was operated at 1300-1400 RPM (20-25 mph wind) and delivered 120 GPA. On Apr 24 all fruit larger than 0.5 in diam were removed because an infection of the plants with bacterial leaf spot caused differential fruit drop among plots. Subsequently, an unknown virus infection affected fruit size on some plots so yields (weights) were not taken. On May 21, 27 and Jun 3 all fruit that had dropped from the plants and trapped in 2 in high barriers surrounding each plot and all fruit of marketable size on the plants were collected. On Jun 10-11 all fruit that had dropped as well as all fruit on the plants greater than 0.5 in diam were collected. Each fruit was examined for pepper weevil feeding/oviposition scars on the outer surface, internal feeding damage and pepper weevil larvae, pupae and adults.
European Corn Borer and Corn Earworm Control on Banana Peppers, 1980
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Johnson Eric M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hot and sweet banana peppers were transplanted into adjacent single-row plots 25 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 5 ft alleys between blocks. Devrinol (1.5 lbs ai/acre) was incorporated preplant for weed control. Plants were drenched with Terraclor (10 lbs/100 gallons water) on Jun 27 to control southern blight. Weekly treatments of Bravo (1.0 lb/100 gallons water) were applied for disease control. Experimental treatments were applied weekly beginning Jul 18 and ending Aug 22 for a total of 6 applications. Applications were made using a 2.5 gal CO2 backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle operated at 40 psi. Application rate was equivalent to 100 gallons of water per acre. Insect counts were made 0, 7, 14, and 21 days after the last application.
Irish Potato, Wireworm Control, Guildhall, Vermont, 1979
Authors: Bowman James S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study was located on the Burt Peasley Farm, Guildhall, Vermont which is contiguous with the potato growing region of Coos County, New Hampshire. The area used was prepared for its second year of potato production after being in grass sod for more than 20 years. The plots were 24 ft by 50 ft with each treatment replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Broadcast (BC) treatments were made on May 27, 1980 just prior to planting and were worked into the soil to a depth of 4 inches. The soil temperature at this time was 12°C. Spray treatments were applied with a B & G CO2 pressurized sprayer at a rate of 36 gal/acre (40 psi) using a 5 ft hand held boom. Dyfonate 4E and Parathion 8E were also applied as a delayed broadcast (DBC) treatment on Jun 12, 1980 to evaluate any benefits in control when applying liquid sprays later in the season when the soil has a chance to warm up. These treatments were incorporated using a hand rake. At this time the potatoes had not started to crack the ground and the soil had not begun to warm up (10°C). Broadcast granular treatments were made by preweighing and distributing individual doses over each plot using a cyclone seeder. Eight rows of Katahdin Irish potatoes 36-inches apart were planted in the broadcast treated plots immediately following incorporation. These treatments also received Temik 15G at 3 lb ai/acre applied to the seed furrow to control foliage feeding insects. The in-furrow (IF) treatments of Dyfonate 10G and Dyfonate 20G were applied using a Gandy plot applicator to furrows that had been left open by removing the drags on the potato planter. These rows were then covered by hand. These in furrow treatments also received Temik 15G in the furrow. Evaluation were made on Sep 27, 1980 by examining 100 washed tubers from the center two rows of each plot and counting the number injured by either wireworms or white grubs. Yields were determined by weighing all the potatoes from 20 feet of row from each plot.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control Tests with Carbaryl, Dipel, and Carbaryl-Dipel Combinations, 1979
Authors: Harper J. D. , Hollingsworth M. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Observations from previous field tests suggested that a Sevin - Bacillus thuringiensis mixture may have provided better control of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) than Sevin alone. The test reported here was designed to investigate this combination and was conducted at the North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman. Red LaSoda Irish potatoes were planted 20 Mar 1979 in rows with 44 inch centers. Plots were 4 rows by 10 ft with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were all possible combinations of 5 levels of Dipel and 4 levels of Sevin. Treatments were applied on 18 May using knapsack sprayers. Prespray, 4, and 14 day larval postspray counts were made. Prespray larval counts averaged 10.25 ± 6.0 larvae/plant. Adults were present on plants but contributed less than 2% of the total CPB population.
Apple, Early Season Mite Treatments, 1980
Authors: Cobb Leonard J. , Poe Sidney L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to 5 year old York apple trees using a Bean 35 gallon per minute hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi to single tree plots, replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. The trees were sprayed to runoff. Oil sprays were applied in delayed dormant on Apr 10 and were followed by an application of Plictran 50W at .25 lb/100 on June 24. Other treatments were applied in pre-pink on April 22 except SLJ-0312. Omite 30W, Onite 6E and SU-0312 were applied on May 19 (second application for the Omites). All plots had a second application and the Omites a third application on Jun 24. Sampling was done 4 times by collecting 20 leaves from each replicate at random around the perimeter of the tree. The sample leaves were brushed with a modified Henderson-McBurnie type machine. Mites and eggs were trapped on a revolving glass plate in a thin layer of dilute polyvinyl alcohol (Emcol 5100). Mites and eggs on two sections of the plate equalling 20% of the total area were counted; from this the total number in each sample was calculated. All treatments were compatible with horticultural practices and no phototoxicity was observed. Other pesticides used include Polyram, benomyl, captan, Dithane, Pirimor, phosalone, carbaryl, azinphosmethyl, Thylate, and Karathane. All rosy apple aphid colonies around each tree were counted on May 29.
Apple, Insecticide Test, 1980
Authors: Cobb Leonard J. , Poe Sidney L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental, standard, and tank-mix insecticide treatments were applied in comparative tests to mature Stayman trees on May 16, May 30, Jun 18, Jul 17, Jul 29 and Aug 20. The treatments were applied with a Bean 35 gallon per minute hydraulic sprayer operating at 300 psi. Single tree treatments were used and replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Other sprays used throughout the season included oil + Trithion, benomyl, Polyram, Manzate, Dikar, Karathane, zineb,Alar, and Phaltan. Plictran was applied on Jul 22 and Omite on Jul 29 to reduce a high mite population. One application of Lannate L 24 oz/A + Dipel WD .8 lb/A was applied on Sep 23 to prevent excessive leafroller damage until normal harvest time. Fruit was harvested in mid-October and evaluated for insect damage and to measure treatment effects on fruit finish. Two hundred fifty apples per treatment (50/rep) were examined. Finish was rated on a scale of 1-5 with 1 being the best. Variegated leafroller and tufted apple budmoth damage is similar and is combined for purposes of this test.