bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating population size and survival of adult northern pike (Esox lucius) in Lower Green Bay
Authors: Stuart Claire E. , Doll Jason C. , Forsythe Patrick S. , Feiner Zachary S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractComplex life history behaviours like spawning migrations can complicate population assessments. However, predictable aggregation of populations at certain times of year (e.g. at spawning grounds) presents an effective way to sample species that are otherwise spatially widespread. From 2014 to 2019, a mark‐recapture study on Green Bay northern pike (Esox lucius) entering a spawning wetland was used to estimate apparent survival and population size using Bayesian inference and the Cormack–Jolly–Seber model. Population estimates and apparent survival varied from 446 to 1949 and 0.22 (males in 2017) to 0.63 (males in 2015), respectively, among years. Apparent survival also increased with maximum mean daily water temperature. Estimated capture probability was consistently low across years (<30%) despite a sampling method with high capture efficiency of fish present at the wetland, suggesting Green Bay northern pike may be exhibiting low spawning site fidelity or other life history behaviours, like skipped spawning, which reduce their capture probability at a single wetland over time. Further, spawning site selection and timing may respond to water temperatures. Surveying multiple sites could further elucidate important life history traits while refining estimates of population size and structure in large systems.
Multiple drivers of large‐scale lichen decline in boreal forest canopies
Authors: Esseen Per‐Anders , Ekström Magnus , Grafström Anton , Jonsson Bengt Gunnar , Palmqvist Kristin , Westerlund Bertil , Ståhl Göran 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThin, hair‐like lichens (Alectoria,Bryoria,Usnea) form conspicuous epiphyte communities across the boreal biome. These poikilohydric organisms provide important ecosystem functions and are useful indicators of global change. We analyse how environmental drivers influence changes in occurrence and length of these lichens on Norway spruce (Picea abies) over 10 years in managed forests in Sweden using data from >6000 trees.AlectoriaandUsneashowed strong declines in southern‐central regions, whereasBryoriadeclined in northern regions. Overall, relative loss rates across the country ranged from 1.7% per year inAlectoriato 0.5% inBryoria. These losses contrasted with increased length ofBryoriaandUsneain some regions. Occurrence trajectories (extinction, colonization, presence, absence) on remeasured trees correlated best with temperature, rain, nitrogen deposition, and stand age in multinomial logistic regression models. Our analysis strongly suggests that industrial forestry, in combination with nitrogen, is the main driver of lichen declines. Logging of forests with long continuity of tree cover, short rotation cycles, substrate limitation and low light in dense forests are harmful for lichens. Nitrogen deposition has decreased but is apparently still sufficiently high to prevent recovery. Warming correlated with occurrence trajectories ofAlectoriaandBryoria, likely by altering hydration regimes and increasing respiration during autumn/winter. The large‐scale lichen decline on an important host has cascading effects on biodiversity and function of boreal forest canopies. Forest management must apply a broad spectrum of methods, including uneven‐aged continuous cover forestry and retention of large patches, to secure the ecosystem functions of these important canopy components under future climates. Our findings highlight interactions among drivers of lichen decline (forestry, nitrogen, climate), functional traits (dispersal, lichen colour, sensitivity to nitrogen, water storage), and population processes (extinction/colonization).
To make or to buy from a common supplier? Strategic considerations and welfare consequences
Authors: Wen Wei‐Jen , Lee Wen‐Chieh , Lo Chung‐Yen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConsider two downstream firms that each can either produce an input in‐house or purchase it from an upstream supplier. We show that depending on the difference between the supplier's and the downstream firms' in‐house production costs, outsourcing by both firms could help them achieve a Pareto improvement or leave them trapped in a prisoner's dilemma. Furthermore, we find that two downstream firms may play a chicken game in which each makes a sourcing decision different from its rival if the input supplier is not as efficient as in the previous cases. The welfare implications of various sourcing outcomes are explored.
Adaptation of a side‐effect questionnaire for identifying symptoms caused by bacillus Calmette‐Guerin intravesical therapy
Authors: Semedo Ana Filipa Goncalves , Martin Rebecca , Kumar Pardeep , Wagland Richard , Kinsella Janette , Wiseman Theresa 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCurrent treatment for high‐grade non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer utilizes bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) installations into the bladder. Although effective, BCG toxicities often cause delay or instillation interruptions and this can consequently reduce the treatment efficacy. The importance of a patient questionnaire for identifying symptoms following BCG intravesical therapy, minimizing toxicities and improvements in patient compliance are recognized. However, as yet, a standard questionnaire is not available. The European Association Urology Nurses guidelines have suggested a survey; however, its terminology is potentially too complex to be used by the patients. A project with 3 phases was developed in order to identify the most user‐friendly survey to be used in this population group. Phase 1: Identification and assessment of existing BCG side effects questionnaires. Phase 2: Adaptation and assessment of a BCG side‐effect questionnaire. Phase 3: Testing of the adapted questionnaire. Following the review in phase 1, four questionnaires' were found and assessed using appraisal and text readability tools. Appraisal showed that the four surveys used difficult language for patients to use independently. Based on patient feedback, a BCG side‐effect questionnaire was adapted to be more patient‐friendly and appraised using the same tools from phase 1. The adapted questionnaire proved to be beneficial for both patients and health professionals. First, it was more easily understood by patients. Second, it enabled staff to better identify patients at risk, monitor treatment consequences and implement supportive measures. Despite the adaptations, however, patients continued to find the terminology used ambiguous.
Physiological traits for evaluating heat‐tolerance of Australian spring wheat cultivars at elevated CO2
Authors: Bokshi Anowarul I. , Thistlethwaite Rebecca J. , Chaplin Edward D. , Kirii Erasmus , Trethowan Richard M. , Tan Daniel K. Y. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHigh temperatures and increasing CO2 concentrations are a major threat to global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, demanding the development of heat‐tolerant wheat cultivars. Plant physiological traits are potential surrogates for evaluating genetic variation for crop stress tolerance. This research evaluated 23 Australian wheat cultivars and two breeding lines for heat‐tolerance by characterising the associated physiological traits. The interactive effects of heat‐stress and elevated CO2 were studied under controlled greenhouse conditions and delayed sowing in the field with exposure to higher temperature. Physiological changes, pollen viability and grain yield were assessed. A significant correlation was observed between physiological and agronomical traits under high temperature at 35°C and elevated CO2 at 800 µl L−1, providing evidence of adaptation to high temperatures in some genotypes. Variation in stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, canopy temperature, leaf chlorophyll and photosynthesis were associated with maintenance of pollen viability and grain yield at high temperatures. Of the genotypes assessed, seven were classified as heat tolerant at both ambient and elevated CO2 and nine were heat susceptible while the remainder showed a variable response to CO2 at high temperatures. Field data confirmed the heat responses of the most heat‐tolerant and susceptible genotypes. The heat tolerant genotypes identified are candidates for further breeding and selection to improve adaptation to a changing climate.
Gelcast zirconia ceramics for dental applications combining high strength and high translucency
Authors: Kastyl Jaroslav , Stastny Premysl , Chlup Zdenek , Song Lu , Scasnovic Erik , Trunec Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZP) represent a favorite material for monolithic ceramic dental restorations. However, all approaches employed so far to improve the translucency of dental zirconia ceramics are accompanied by a significant decline in strength. In this investigation, we developed dental 3Y‐TZP ceramics that can provide excellent strength combined with enhanced translucency. The machinable tetragonal zirconia discs and blocks were prepared from fine mesostructured zirconia particles stabilized with 3 mol% of yttria using the gelcasting method. Zirconia ceramics with an average biaxial strength of 1184 MPa and translucency of 41.1% for a 1 mm thick sample were obtained. Due to its unique microstructure, this tetragonal ceramic provided a favorable combination of high translucency comparable to the high‐translucent, tetragonal/cubic 4Y‐TZP and very high strength achievable only in the pure tetragonal 3Y‐TZP. The applicability and resistance to low‐temperature degradation of the new dental ceramics was demonstrated.
The Kantian Promise and Peril of Moral Bioenhancement
Authors: Kudlek Karolina , Smith Patrick Taylor 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTMoral bioenhancement (MBE) aims to fix our moral agency itself in order to prevent us from engaging in negligent or harmful behavior. Although such (self)‐paternalistic practice might very well produce good outcomes, it can be argued – inspired by Kant – that it is intrinsically disrespectful towards our future agency. Hence, we are faced with the following ethical dilemma: the failure to engage in MBE seems reckless and negligent, which can be considered a serious moral wrong; but engaging in MBE presupposes that we treat our faculties (our future agency) in a disrespectful self‐paternalistic manner. In this article, we want to resolve the described dilemma by suggesting a novel way of understanding Kantian objections to MBE. We argue that a careful engagement with Kantian moral psychology does provide a space for MBE but that it also describes a potential danger of MBE that has, at best, been only superficially described. That is, we offer a different Kantian understanding of MBE as a means to bring our empirical and noumenal selves together as a coherent whole to achieve what Kant describes as ‘genuine accountability to others’.
Diversification of the orchid genus Tridactyle: Origin of endemism on the oceanic islands of São Tomé & Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea
Authors: D'haijère Tania , Kaymak Esra , Boom Arthur F. , Hardy Olivier J. , Stévart Tariq , Mardulyn Patrick 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimOceanic islands have played an important role in our understanding of the diversification of organisms, and phylogenetic estimates have been used in this context to investigate the origin of island diversity and its relationship to the continent. Using a typical orchid genus rich in island endemics and with widespread continental relatives, we aim to compare alternative hypotheses of diversification with a focus on island endemism.LocationTropical Africa and the Gulf of Guinea Islands of São Tomé & Príncipe, Central Africa.TaxonTridactyle genus (Orchidaceae).MethodsWe used genome skimming to sequence the whole chloroplast genome and nuclear ribosomal genes from 157 individuals of 34 Tridactyle species and 15 individuals of 12 other orchid genera (outgroups) to infer a time‐calibrated phylogenetic tree of the genus Tridactyle. We also used multiple statistical methods to infer the geographical ranges of the ancestral nodes from the estimated phylogeny. Alternative hypotheses for the origins of endemism on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe were investigated based on the biogeographical reconstruction of the genus.ResultsThe estimated phylogeny of Tridactyle and reconstruction of geographical ranges for the ancestral nodes suggested a general history of allopatric speciation for the genus, in particular via colonization of the islands of the Gulf of Guinea that induced a long period of geographical isolation. The most parsimonious hypothesis to explain island endemism in Tridactyle involved six independent colonizations of the islands from the continent.Main conclusionsIn contrast to other cases of oceanic island endemism that involved adaptive radiation on an island or within an archipelago, endemism in Tridactyle is better explained by multiple colonization events from the continent to São Tomé and Príncipe, with subsequent divergences due to geographical isolation but only one potential instance of further diversification on the islands.
Good cause, not so good business? Sales and operations performance of cause‐related marketing
Authors: Sodero Anníbal C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBuilding on prior literature on sales and operations planning, corporate social responsibility, and marketing campaigns, we investigate cause‐related marketing (C‐RM) effects on sales and operations performance across the retail supply chain. C‐RM is a corporate social responsibility marketing campaign, in which a for‐profit firm donates proceeds from consumer purchases of a promoted product to a designated nonprofit cause. Using a unique, rich, and proprietary dataset from an actual CR‐M campaign, we conduct a quasi‐experiment analysis. Our findings suggest positive C‐RM effects on retail store sales during the campaign, coupled with enduring negative effects on forecast bias and service levels upstream in the retail supply chain. Although academic studies and the specialized media have thoroughly documented the benefits of C‐RM to corporate branding, our findings point to trade‐offs in sales and operations performance across the retail supply chain. These findings call for firms to carry out holistic assessments of the strategic value of C‐RM involving all of its stakeholders, including sales and operations planners and the nonprofit cause, as well as investments in the development and improvement of their forecasting management competence.
Accountability and offsetting in environmental law enforcement
Authors: NEHME MARINA , PEDERSEN OLE W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince 2010, the Environment Agency of England has had a range of flexible tools at its disposal to deal with misconduct. One such sanction, enforcement undertaking, is akin to a settlement where the regulator and the offender agree to deal with the breach through a range of promises that may restore and remedy the environmental harm caused by the offence. The majority of these undertakings further require the offender to make donations to charitable environmental causes to improve the environment. However, there is little transparency around the latter promise. Consequently, this article details the findings of a pilot study interrogating the specific implementation of a subset of enforcement undertakings in the North East of England. The article argues that a more transparent enforcement process would address some of the accountability problems arising from the findings, which show that ‘community benefits’ operate as an offset mechanism instead of as a restorative enforcement mechanism.
Arbitration vis‐à‐vis other professions: a sociology of professions account of international commercial arbitrators
Authors: MOREIRA JOÃO ILHÃO 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite some interest in a so‐called ‘sociology of arbitration’, there is still a notable lack of literature addressing why arbitrators, as a group, have not engaged in the patterns of behaviour usually associated with other professionals. The divergence from such patterns is so broad that, in many respects, arbitration would not fit with traditional sociological definitions of an organized profession. Most notably, arbitrators lack full‐time engagement in this role and are not bound by licensing requirements. This article proposes that this discrepancy ultimately relates to the arbitral market's particularities and the regulatory competition allowed by the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. The article concludes that these same characteristics have, however, allowed international commercial arbitration to maintain one of the hallmarks of a profession: control over its own affairs.
Evaluation of a COVID‐19 Rapid Antigen Testing Program in a Supervised Community Distance Learning Setting for K‐8 Students
Authors: Lee Ryan C. , Soto Daniel W. , Deva Sohini , Macedo Marisol , Shanker Kush , Rodriguez Anna , Alhajri Danyah , Unger Jennifer B. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool‐based COVID‐19 testing is a potential strategy to limit COVID‐19 transmission among youth in congregate settings such as schools, sports programs, and summer camps. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of frequent rapid antigen testing at a supervised distance‐learning setting for elementary and middle school children while their schools were closed.METHODSThis evaluation examines participation rates and testing data in addition to qualitative analysis of focus groups from a Los Angeles City‐sponsored rapid antigen testing pilot program. In total, 434 children and staff were enrolled in the 13‐week pilot program in the spring of 2021.RESULTSIn this pilot program, 2482 rapid antigen tests were administered, resulting in 3 positive test results, 1 of which was a false positive (confirmed by polymerase chain reaction testing) and 0 outbreaks or community spread.CONCLUSIONSThroughout this pilot program, implementing rapid antigen tests allowed for the quick identification and isolation of potentially COVID‐19‐positive children, improved perceived safety for parents and staff who interact with children, and demonstrated the ability for staff and non‐health care professionals in a school‐based setting to implement a widespread COVID‐19 screening program with minimal training.
Vocalization of Bryde's whales (Balaenoptera edeni) in the Beibu Gulf, China
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Tao , Duan Peng‐Xiang , Chen Mo , Mei Zhi‐Gang , Sun Xiao‐Dong , Nong Zhi‐Wen , Liu Mei‐Han , Akamatsu Tomonari , Wang Ke‐Xiong , Wang Ding 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe presence of Bryde's whales (Balaenoptera edeni) in the Beibu Gulf, China has been reported since 2016. In the current study, in situ Bryde's whale vocalizations were recorded. Bouts of frequency modulated repetitive and diversified calls were recorded. Repetitive calls were recorded when 1–3 whales were present within 2 km of the boat and were probably emitted by a single whale and functioned as contact calls. Repetitive calls were divided into biphonation downswept tonals and downswept tonals. Diversified calls were recorded when 4–7 whales were present within 2 km of the boat and were probably associated with acoustic exchanges between or among conspecifics. Diversified calls occasionally contained inflection points, frequency jumps, and break point features. The frequency band of Bryde's whale vocalizations overlapped highly with background noise. Most vocalizations in the current study were different than those previously reported for this species. Therefore, the findings of this study provide more information on the known acoustic repertoire of Bryde's whales and provide a basis for noninvasive monitoring of Bryde's whale with passive acoustic methods and for developing mitigation and conservation protocols to ensure their future viability.
Angiopoietin‐like protein 4 treated bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate myocardial injury of patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhang Fen , Wu Jie , Li Xingxing , Ying Xuan , Fang Wenbing , Dong Yang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their exosomes are of great significance for the recovery of cardiac function in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). However, the underlying mechanisms of BMSCs applied to MI treatment remain unclear. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACs) are performed to assess the apoptosis, reactive oxygen species levels and glucose uptake capacity of BMSCs. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is conducted to detect the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin‐like growth factor (IGF), transforming growth factor‐beta 1, connective tissue growth factor, and platelet‐derived growth factor. The levels of apoptosis‐related proteins were detected by Western blot. The levels of VEGF, bFGF, HGF, and IGF were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The biochemical kits are applied to detect the levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate. 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium and Masson staining and immunofluorescence are performed to assess myocardial function of rats. Angiopoietin‐like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) alleviates apoptosis and oxidative stress of BMSCs induced by serum deprivation and hypoxia; ANGPTL4 activates paracrine and accelerate metabolic energy of BMSCs; and ANGPTL4 treated‐BMSCs alleviate myocardial injury of rats with MI. ANGPTL4 treated‐BMSCs alleviate myocardial injury in rats with MI, indicating the combination therapy of ANGPTL4 and BMSCs may alleviate myocardial injury in rats with MI.
Standardized system and App for continuous patient symptom logging in gastroduodenal disorders: Design, implementation, and validation
Authors: Sebaratnam Gabrielle , Karulkar Nikita , Calder Stefan , Woodhead Jonathan S.T. , Keane Celia , Carson Daniel A. , Varghese Chris , Du Peng , Waite Stephen J. , Tack Jan , Andrews Christopher N. , Broadbent Elizabeth , Gharibans Armen A. , O’Grady Greg 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundFunctional gastroduodenal disorders include functional dyspepsia, chronic nausea and vomiting syndromes, and gastroparesis. These disorders are common, but their overlapping symptomatology poses challenges to diagnosis, research, and therapy. This study aimed to introduce and validate a standardized patient symptom‐logging system and App to aid in the accurate reporting of gastroduodenal symptoms for clinical and research applications.MethodsThe system was implemented in an iOS App including pictographic symptom illustrations, and two validation studies were conducted. To assess convergent and concurrent validity, a diverse cohort with chronic gastroduodenal symptoms undertook App‐based symptom logging for 4 h after a test meal. Individual and total post‐prandial symptom scores were averaged and correlated against two previously validated instruments: PAGI‐SYM (for convergent validity) and PAGI‐QOL (for concurrent validity). To assess face and content validity, semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with patients.Key ResultsApp‐based symptom reporting demonstrated robust convergent validity with PAGI‐SYM measures of nausea (rS =0.68), early satiation (rS =0.55), bloating (rS =0.48), heartburn (rS =0.47), upper gut pain (rS =0.40), and excessive fullness (rS =0.40); all p < 0.001 (n = 79). The total App‐reported Gastric Symptom Burden Score correlated positively with PAGI‐SYM (rS =0.56; convergent validity; p < 0.001), and negatively with PAGI‐QOL (rS = −0.34; concurrent validity; p = 0.002). Interviews demonstrated that the pictograms had adequate face and content validity.Conclusions and InferencesThe continuous patient symptom‐logging App demonstrated robust convergent, concurrent, face, and content validity when used within a 4‐h post‐prandial test protocol. The App will enable standardized symptom reporting and is anticipated to provide utility in both research and clinical practice.