bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The protective effect of curcumin on cardiac markers and fibrosis in abemaciclib‐induced cardiac damage in rats
Authors: Huyut Zübeyir , Uçar Bünyamin , Yıldızhan Kenan , Altındağ Fikret 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAbemaciclib (ABE) is a cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor used in combination with an antiestrogen in the treatment of breast cancer. In addition to the important therapeutic properties of this drug, its side effects are not fully known. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of curcumin (CUR) on cardiac damage caused by ABE administration. Forty rats were equally divided into control, dimethyl sulfoxide (150 µL), CUR (30 mg/kg/day), ABE (26 mg/kg/day), and ABE + CUR (26 mg/kg/day ABE and 30mg/kg/day CUR) groups (n = 8). Injections were administered daily for 28 days. Troponin‐I, total cholesterol, and creatine kinase myocardial band (CK‐MB) levels and cardiac fibrosis were higher in the ABE group than in the control group (p < 0.05), and were lower in the ABE + CUR group than in the ABE group (p < 0.05). The results showed that ABE administration can cause cardiac damage and increase cardiac fibrosis. However, they showed that coadministration of CUR with ABE could suppress increases in CK‐MB, troponin‐I, and total cholesterol levels and also cardiac fibrosis associated with cardiac damage. Therefore, we can infer that the subsequent administration of CUR ABE treatment can be used as a therapeutic strategy for preventing cardiac damage.
Density functional theory studies on molecular geometry, spectroscopy, HOMO–LUMO and reactivity descriptors of titanium(IV) and oxidozirconium(IV) complexes of phenylacetohydroxamic acid
Authors: Choudhary Vineet Kumar , Mandhan Kanika , Dash Dibyajit , Bhardwaj Sachin , Kumari Meena , Sharma Neeraj 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe molecular geometry of new titanium(IV) and oxidozirconium(IV) phenylacetohydroxamate complexes [TiCl2(L1)2] (I) and [ZrO(L1)2] (II) (where L1 = Potassium phenylacetohydroxamate = C6H5CH2CONHOK) computed by B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) method has shown these to be distorted octahedral and square pyramidal, respectively. A comparison of computed characteristic bond lengths (CO, CN, and NO) of complexes with that of free ligand has shown chelation through carbonyl and hydroxamic oxygen atoms (O, O coordination). The TiO/ZrO bond lengths in complexes are suggestive of weak coordination through (carbonyl CO) and strong covalent (hydroxamic NO) bonding of the ligand. The magnitude of ClTiCl bond angle involving two chloride atoms is suggestive of cis‐conformation at titanium metal in (I). The thermodynamic parameters Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy, nuclear internal energy, constant volume heat capacity, and internal energy of ligand and complexes have been computed. From the energies of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), the global reactivity descriptors such as ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), chemical potential (μ), hardness (η), softness (S), electronegativity (χ), electrophilicity index (ω), and dipole moment have been calculated. The computed vibrational frequencies, 1H and 13C NMR spectra have substantiated the molecular structure of complexes. The thermal behavior of complexes has been studied by thermogravimetric techniques (TGA, DTG, and DTA) in N2 atmosphere has shown complexes are thermally stable.
Faculty diversity, equity, and inclusion in academic dentistry: Revisiting the past and analyzing the present to create the future
Authors: Cain Lisa , Brady Michelle , Inglehart Marita R. , Istrate Emilia C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimIn 2021, NIDCR published the landmark report “Oral Health in America.” It described that while oral health‐related research and care has seen amazing progress, oral health inequities and lack of oral care for large segments of the US population have not improved. This situation plus the predicted increase of the diversification of the US population requires decisive actions to ensure that future dentists will be optimally prepared to provide the best possible care for all patients. A diverse dental educator workforce plays a crucial role in obtaining this goal. The objectives of this document were threefold. Aim 1 was to analyze past and current trends in the diversity and inclusion of historically underrepresented ethnic/racial (HURE) and marginalized (HURM) dental faculty members. Aim 2 focused on reviewing best practices and challenges related to achieving dental faculty and leadership diversity and inclusion. Aim 3 was to develop recommendations for increasing the diversity and inclusion of dental faculty in the present and future.MethodsAn analysis of ethnicity/race and gender faculty data collected by the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) in 2011–2012 and 2018–2019 showed that achieving faculty diversity and inclusion has been an ongoing challenge, with limited success for faculty from HURE backgrounds. In order to create this much‐needed change, best practices to increase the applicant pool, change recruitment strategies, and develop solid retention and promotion efforts were described. Research discussing the challenges to creating such changes was analyzed, and strategies for interventions were discussed.ConclusionIn conclusion, evaluations of efforts designed to create a more diverse and inclusive work force is crucial. Institutions must evaluate their diversity data, practices utilized, and the policies implemented to determine whether the desired outcomes are achieved. Only then will the future dental workforce be optimally prepared to provide the best possible care for all patients in the United States.
Bringing structural competency to the forefront of dental education
Authors: Alarcon Bertha O. , O'Connor Lucian , Rowan Sean , Henson Bradley S. , Doan Van Anne E. , Simeteys Paul , Watanabe Marisa K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCultural competency as introduced to the healthcare industry had the intention to alleviate and familiarize all healthcare providers with individuals of other cultures and backgrounds than “self”. It attempted to fill in the gaps and prepare providers to relate better with their patients and provide cross‐cultural care. Although it gave the impression of helping to decrease biases and stigma, it resulted in stronger biases, stereotypes of different ethnic groups, and racial profiling. It never acknowledged the systemic barriers that are so ingrained in our society that determine who gets access to care, and who gets the best outcomes in our healthcare system. Starting with the premise of our Surgeon General Reports, we reviewed the Social Determinants of Health and the relationship to structural barriers. This manuscript describes the numerous barriers that affect the access to care, and outcomes of the most marginalized population in the US. Numerous of which are so prevalent amongst all of us that they “feel normal” that there is a degree of structural blindness. We share the experience and frameworks to assess the structural vulnerability of our patients and introduce the different aspects of the curriculum and research that are currently in place to address and bring structural competency to the forefront of dental education at WesternU College of Dental Medicine in Pomona CA.
Diversity in allied dental programs and community colleges
Authors: Jenkins Quincy , Moore Tracye A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudent retention is the most critical challenge facing most traditional 4‐ and 2‐year institutions. Challenges related to student belonging and retention are among many that colleges must contend with daily. Once students arrive, they are met with an academic environment that may greatly differ from their high school and home experiences.DiscussionThere is evidence that classroom success is influenced by faculty tone setting and the overall campus climate. Other studies have shown that creating a sense of belonging on college campuses is essential. Classroom success can be moderated by relationships with faculty, especially with faculty of color and other minoritized groups.AimsGiven the predicted shortages of minority dental healthcare providers in the United States and the expanding diversity of the general population, it is important to recruit and retain an ethnically and culturally diverse allied dental workforce.ConclusionsThe objectives of this research were to identify strategies to recruit underrepresented (underrepresented minority [URM]) students into health professions, understand the significance of underrepresented (URM) faculty's influence on the number of URM student recruitment, retention, and graduation rates, and how to implement best practices for overall minority student success.
Can academic dentistry become an anti‐racist institution?: Addressing racial battle fatigue and building belonging
Authors: Fleming Eleanor , Smith Carlos S. , Ware Tawana K. , Gordon Nicholas B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRacism, oppression, and marginalization are unfortunate hallmarks that Black individuals face in the United States. While dental schools serve as institutions of both learning and patient care, applying humanistic principles, they are not immune to racism, specifically anti‐Black racism. In this paper, the theoretical framework of racial battle fatigue is applied to academic dentistry to consider how it may impact faculty who have experiences with racism and discrimination. The framework of racial battle fatigue allows for a critique of academic dentistry as an institution that may be toxic, neither welcoming Black faculty members nor supporting their professional and career advancement, despite accreditation standards that call on these institutions to be humanistic environments for diversity and inclusion. Black faculty members may face unique challenges in academic dentistry because of racial battle fatigue. The cumulative stress may warrant unique strategies to both recruit and retain them in academic dental institutions. Specifically, pathways may need to be funded to insure that they have support and time allocations for professional development and career promotion. With understanding the effects of racial battle fatigue, dental schools may want to adopt policies and practices that support the professional and personal well‐being and success of faculty, especially those faculty members who are Black.
Oral health inequities: Recommended public policies to achieve health equity
Authors: López Ana N. , Mutis Martha J. , Morón Elías M. , Beltrán‐Aguilar Eugenio D. , Borrell Luisa N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn the United States (US), racial and ethnic minority populations experience poorer oral health than the general population. Social and commercial determinants of health embedded in structural and institutional racism and/or discrimination generate and exacerbate oral health inequities. We provide examples of oral health disparities (including oral health status and workforce issues) among selected racial and ethnic minority groups in the US. In addition, we compiled four priority areas based on research over the last two decades to guide actions to improve oral health equity. These four priority areas aim to improve health care models, interventions, and policies to help close gaps and reduce disparities in oral health and access to dental care.
Establishing an antiracism framework for dental education through critical assessment of accreditation standards
Authors: Smith Patrick D. , Evans Caswell A. , Fleming Eleanor , Mays Keith A. , Rouse Leo E. , Sinkford Jeanne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this manuscript is to establish an antiracism framework for dental education. Since the accreditation process is an influential driver of institutional culture and policy in dental education, the focus of the framework is the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) standards for predoctoral education.MethodsThe authors of this manuscript reviewed each CODA predoctoral standard for opportunities to incorporate antiracism strategies. Eight standards were identified under themes of diversity (Standards 1‐3, 1‐4, 4‐4), curriculum development (Standards 2‐17, 2‐26), and faculty recruitment and promotion (Standards 3‐1, 3‐4, 3‐5). Guided primarily by National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services in Health and Health Care, a logic model approach was used to critically assess those standards for opportunities to establish antiracism strategies, with anticipated outcomes and impacts.ResultsStrategies highlighted a need to improve recruitment, admissions, and accountability among dental schools to address the low numbers of historically underrepresented racial and ethnic (HURE) students and faculty. They emphasized the inclusion of racism in curricula geared toward training dental students to provide care to HURE populations. Finally, there are opportunities to improve accountability that dental schools are providing equitable opportunities for career advancement among HURE faculty, with consideration of conflicting demands for scholarship with HURE student mentoring, role modeling, teaching, and/or service.ConclusionsThe framework identifies gaps in CODA standards where racism may be allowed to fester, provides specific antiracism strategies to strengthen antiracism through the accreditation process, and offers dental education programs, a process for evaluating and establishing their own antiracism strategies.
Characteristics of students in International Dentist Training Programs versus applicants who are not yet successful in matriculating
Authors: Nalliah Romesh P. , Timothé Peggy 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPurpose/objectivesFor foreign‐trained dentists who seek requalification in United States dental schools, the acceptance rate is half that of applicants to traditional 4‐year DDS/DMD programs. Unsuccessful applicants also lack clarity on how to strengthen their re‐application. This is a comparison of foreign‐trained dentists who successfully matriculated into the University of Michigan's advanced standing program and prospective students who have yet to matriculate into any advanced standing program.MethodsWe collected data through a survey on the website of the University of Michigan program for foreign‐trained dentists—the Synergy Program is tuition‐free and helps International Dental Program (IDP) applicants navigate the application process. Secondly, we surveyed those enrolled in the University of Michigan's IDP. We compared various characteristics of these two groups. Thirdly, we convened focus groups among the University of Michigan IDP and had unstructured discussions about barriers faced by internationally trained dentists in entering an IDP. University of Michigan Medical School Committee on Human Studies determined this research is “not regulated”.ResultsThere were 2400 unique visitors to the Synergy website. Among respondents, 1490 were female (62.1%). A total of 10.1% reported spending over $30,000 on strengthening their application. There were 38 individuals (out of a possible 60) in the University of Michigan's IDP who responded to the survey and 28 were female (73.7%). A total of 31.6% reported spending more than $30,000 on strengthening their application. We had focus groups with 12 IDP students. Regarding perceived differences that led to acceptance, all participants described the advantage in having a greater familiarity with American culture.ConclusionsWe found that those from wealthier households, those who are willing to spend more on their application process, and those who obtained an additional US degree were more likely to be matriculants in IDPs.
Breast PET/MRI Hybrid Imaging and Targeted Tracers
Authors: Romeo Valeria , Helbich Thomas H. , Pinker Katja 
Published: September 2022

The recent introduction of hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) as a promising imaging modality for breast cancer assessment has prompted fervent research activity on its clinical applications. The current knowledge regarding the possible clinical applications of hybrid PET/MRI is constantly evolving, thanks to the development and clinical availability of hybrid scanners, the development of new PET tracers and the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. In this state‐of‐the‐art review on the use of hybrid breast PET/MRI, the most promising advanced MRI techniques (diffusion‐weighted imaging, dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and chemical exchange saturation transfer) are discussed. Current and experimental PET tracers (18F‐FDG, 18F‐NaF, choline, 18F‐FES, 18F‐FES, 89Zr‐trastuzumab, choline derivatives, 18F‐FLT, and 68Ga‐FAPI‐46) are described in order to provide an overview on their molecular mechanisms of action and corresponding clinical applications. New perspectives represented by the use of radiomics and AI techniques are discussed. Furthermore, the current strengths and limitations of hybrid PET/MRI in the real world are highlighted.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
SARS‐CoV‐2 ORF3a inhibits cGAS‐STING‐mediated autophagy flux and antiviral function
Authors: Su Jiaming , Shen Si , Hu Ying , Chen Shiqi , Cheng Leyi , Cai Yong , Wei Wei , Wang Yanpu , Rui Yajuan , Yu Xiao‐Fang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecognizing aberrant cytoplasmic dsDNA and stimulating cGAS‐STING‐mediated innate immunity is essential for the host defense against viruses. Recent studies have reported that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, responsible for the COVID‐19 pandemic, triggers cGAS‐STING activation. cGAS‐STING activation can trigger IRF3‐Type I interferon (IFN) and autophagy‐mediated antiviral activity. Although viral evasion of STING‐triggered IFN‐mediated antiviral function has been well studied, studies concerning viral evasion of STING‐triggered autophagy‐mediated antiviral function are scarce. In the present study, we have discovered that SARS‐CoV‐2 ORF3a is a unique viral protein that can interact with STING and disrupt the STING‐LC3 interaction, thus blocking cGAS‐STING‐induced autophagy but not IRF3‐Type I IFN induction. This novel function of ORF3a, distinct from targeting autophagosome‐lysosome fusion, is a selective inhibition of STING‐triggered autophagy to facilitate viral replication. We have also found that activation of bat STING can induce autophagy and antiviral activity despite its defect in IFN induction. Furthermore, ORF3a from bat coronaviruses can block bat STING‐triggered autophagy and antiviral function. Interestingly, the ability to inhibit STING‐induced autophagy appears to be an acquired function of SARS‐CoV‐2 ORF3a, since SARS‐CoV ORF3a lacks this function. Taken together, these discoveries identify ORF3a as a potential target for intervention against COVID‐19.
Cell‐based experimental strategies for myelin repair in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Borda Maximiliano , Aquino Jorge B. , Mazzone Graciela L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), diagnosed at a mean age of 32 years. CNS glia are crucial players in the onset of MS, primarily involving astrocytes and microglia that can cause/allow massive oligodendroglial cells death, without immune cell infiltration. Current therapeutic approaches are aimed at modulating inflammatory reactions during relapsing episodes, but lack the ability to induce very significant repair mechanisms. In this review article, different experimental approaches based mainly on the application of different cell types as therapeutic strategies applied for the induction of myelin repair and/or the amelioration of the disease are discussed. Regarding this issue, different cell sources were applied in various experimental models of MS, with different results, both in significant improvements in remyelination and the reduction of neuroinflammation and glial activation, or in neuroprotection. All cell types tested have advantages and disadvantages, which makes it difficult to choose a better option for therapeutic application in MS. New strategies combining cell‐based treatment with other applications would result in further improvements and would be good candidates for MS cell therapy and myelin repair.
Early intervention and disease memory in psoriasis: A literature review
Authors: Ben Abdallah Hakim , Emmanuel Thomas , Bregnhøj Anne , Johansen Claus , Iversen Lars 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, in which molecular and cellular changes retain following clinical resolution of psoriatic lesions, a form of disease memory (‘molecular scar’) that may reestablish the psoriatic inflammation. The increasing evidence of the benefits from early intervention in other immune‐mediated diseases prompts the question of whether early systemic intervention, such as biologics, in new‐onset cutaneous psoriasis may lead to improved clinical response and sustained remission by averting an inflammatory disease memory. Herein, we review the current evidence on early intervention and disease memory in psoriasis. The evidence is sparse and inconsistent, although an early intervention within 2 years of disease‐onset may provide a more favourable long‐term prognosis in psoriasis. However, ongoing randomised clinical trials will explore whether early intervention with biologics in new‐onset psoriasis will be an effective treatment strategy, and whether it prevents the molecular and cellular changes potentially underlying the inflammatory disease memory.
Soil quality assessment of cropland in China and its relationships with climate and topography
Authors: Li Ting , Li Lulu , Chen Xiaoqin , Zhang Shirong , Wang Huoyan , Pu Yulin , Xu Xiaoxun , Wang Guiying , Jia Yongxia , Li Hao , Wu Xiaobo , Liu Xiaojing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAssessing soil quality (SQ) of cropland is fundamental for food security and sustainable land management. However, there is limited information regarding SQ assessment on a national scale, which is vital to answer important SQ‐related questions in quantitative terms on that scale. Here, the SQ of cropland in China was assessed by constructing a minimum data set (MDS) from 23 soil physicochemical properties based on principal component analysis. The interaction roles and relative contributions of climate and topography on SQ was evaluated by a structural equation model. The MDS comprised eight indicators: proportion of silt, bulk density, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, chlorite, and vermiculite. The soil quality index (SQI) varied from 0.245 to 0.705 and showed a clear pattern of decreasing quality from the north to the south of the country. Of the total cropland area in China, the largest share (27.91%) was of soils of high quality, followed by those of moderate quality (24.63%), low quality (20.37%), very high quality (14.18%), and very low quality (12.91%). The north and the south differed significantly in terms of total potassium, exchangeable calcium, chlorite, and vermiculite, which are the four most important indicators of SQ. Climate and elevation explained about 2.2%–30.1% of the variation in SQ on the national and regional scales. These findings suggest that croplands in southern China will benefit from potassium and calcium fertilizers, which will contribute to enhance food security and promote sustainable land management in China.