bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive and Frugal FETI-DP for Virtual Elements
Authors: Klawonn Axel , Lanser Martin , Wasiak Adam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe FETI-DP (Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting - Dual Primal) method has recently successfully been applied to virtual element discretizations, adding more flexibility to the resolution of possibly complicated underlying domain geometries. However, for second-order partial differential equations with large discontinuities in the coefficient functions, in general, the convergence rate of domain decomposition methods is known to deteriorate if the coarse space is not properly adjusted. For finite element discretizations, this problem can be solved by using adaptive coarse spaces, which guarantee a robust method for arbitrary coefficient distributions, or by the computationally much cheaper frugal coarse space, which numerically proved to be robust for many realistic coefficient distributions. In this article, both, the adaptive and the frugal FETI-DP methods are applied to discretizations obtained by using virtual elements. As model problems, stationary diffusion and compressible linear elasticity in two spatial dimensions are considered. The performance of the methods is numerically tested, varying the quasi-uniformity of the underlying meshes, the polynomial degree, the scaling method, and considering regular and irregular domain decompositions. It is shown that adaptive and frugal FETI-DP for virtual elements behave similarly as in the finite element case.
Evaluation of water-level trends in the Mimbres Basin, southwest New Mexico (USA), using spatiotemporal kriging
Authors: Rawling Geoffrey C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGroundwater-level trends over the past 40 years in the Mimbres Basin of southwest New Mexico (USA) were characterized with sequential water-level maps and maps of water-level change generated via spatiotemporal kriging. In the region of the most abundant irrigated agriculture, water levels have declined up to 24 m and cones of depression have expanded greatly. Increases in area of irrigated land and groundwater withdrawals in the past 10 years are coeval with water-level declines near the USA-Mexico border. Known areas of groundwater recharge from streamflow infiltration, and springs discharging deep-sourced water, show evidence of net water-level rises in the past 40 years, but declines in the last 10 years, in concert with declining precipitation over the basin. Formerly irrigated lands exhibit water-level rises, suggestive of flattening of cones of depression after cessation of extensive groundwater pumping. Manual water-level measurements are vital for understanding and managing groundwater resources, yet they are expensive and laborious to collect, which has resulted in much fewer data in recent years. Spatiotemporal kriging is more complex in mathematical development and implementation than spatial kriging, but it yields improved precision and accuracy, predictions at times with no data as well as at locations with no data, and fewer artifacts due to changing well networks. Its ability to leverage historical data recommends its use in hydrologic studies dependent on water-level maps and changes in water levels over time.
Vaccination Gap, Vaccination Fraud and Inefficient Testing
Authors: Beck Hanno , Prinz Aloys , Wolfstetter Elmar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA number of shortcomings in Germany’s efforts to contain the spread of the coronavirus, including fraudulent testing, vaccination fraud and insufficient testing capacity have been identified and need to be remedied before another wave or worse, another pandemic. This paper examines the failures of the deterrence instruments and proposes solutions to address them.
A novel integration of MCDM methods and Bayesian networks: the case of incomplete expert knowledge
Authors: Kaya Rukiye , Salhi Said , Spiegler Virginia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, we propose an effective integration of multi criteria decision making methods and Bayesian networks (BN) that incorporates expert knowledge. The novelty of this approach is that it provides decision support in case the experts have partial knowledge. We use decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) to elicit the causal graph of the BN based on the causal knowledge of the experts. BN provides the evaluation of alternatives based on the decision criteria which make up the initial decision matrix of the technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS). We then parameterize BN using Ranked Nodes which allows the experts to submit their knowledge with linguistic expressions. We propose the analytical hierarchy process to determine the weights of the decision criteria and TOPSIS to rank the alternatives. A supplier selection case study is conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Two evaluation measures, namely, the number of mismatches and the distance due to the mismatch are developed to assess the performance of the proposed approach. A scenario analysis with 5% to 20% of missing values with an increment of 5% is conducted to demonstrate that our approach remains robust as the level of missing values increases.
Design and experiment of an adaptive dynamic vibration absorber with smart leaf springs
Authors: Guo Xiangying , Zhu Yunan , Qu Yegao , Cao Dongxing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn adaptive dynamic vibration absorber (ADVA) is designed for low-frequency vibration suppression. The leaf springs are applied as the tuning stiffness elements. The principle of variable stiffness is analyzed to obtain the effective range of the first natural frequency variation. A classic simply supported manipulator is selected as the controlled system. The coupled dynamic model of the manipulator-ADVA system is built to obtain the maximum damping efficiency and the vibration absorption capacity of the designed ADVA. An experimental platform is set up to verify the theoretical results. It is revealed that the ADVA can adjust the first natural frequency on a large scale by changing the curvature of the leaf springs. The amplitude of the manipulator is reduced obviously with the installation of the designed ADVA. Finally, based on the short-time Fourier transformation (STFT), a stepwise optimization algorithm is proposed to achieve a quick tuning of the natural frequency of the ADVA so that it can always coincide with the frequency of the prime structure. Through the above steps, the intelligent frequency tuning of the ADVA is realized with high vibration absorption performance in a wide frequency range.
Stiffness and toughness of soft/stiff suture joints in biological composites
Authors: Wu Dong , Huang Yixing , Lei Ming , Zhao Zeang , Guo Xiaogang , Fang Daining 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBiological composites can overcome the conflict between strength and toughness to achieve unprecedented mechanical properties in engineering materials. The suture joint, as a kind of heterogeneous architecture widely existing in biological tissues, is crucial to connect dissimilar components and to attain a tradeoff of all-sided functional performances. Therefore, the suture joints have attracted many researchers to theoretically investigate their mechanical response. However, most of the previous models focus on the sutural interface between two chemically similar stiff phases with (or without) a thin adhesive layer, which are under the framework of linear elasticity and small deformation. Here, a general model based on the finite deformation framework is proposed to explore the stiffness and toughness of chemically dissimilar suture joints connecting soft and stiff phases. Uniaxial tension tests are conducted to investigate the tensile response of the suture joints, and finite element simulations are implemented to explore the underlying mechanisms, considering both material nonlinearity and cohesive properties of the interface. Two failure modes are quantitively captured by our model. The stored elastic energy in the soft phase competes with the energy dissipation due to the interface debonding, which controls the transition among different failure modes. The toughness of the suture joints depends on not only the intrinsic strengths of the constituent materials and their cohesive strength, but also the interfacial geometry. This work provides the structure-property relationships of the soft/stiff suture joints and gives a foundational guidance of mechanical design towards high-performance bioinspired composites.
Research as discovery or delivery? Exploring the implications of cultural repertoires and career demands for junior economists’ research practices
Authors: Steffy Kody , Langfeldt Liv 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecently, social scientists have begun to study the implications of increasing pressures in the early academic career. Studies focusing mostly on the life sciences have shown junior scholars making research decisions based on a productivity logic to increase their chances of career success. In this paper, we extend this literature to the very different context of economics, characterized by a dominant mainstream, a clear hierarchy, and an independent/small-team approach to scholarship. Adopting a culture-in-action framework, we analyze how cultural repertoires help early career economists deal with the sometimes competing career pressures associated with working in high-status departments. Drawing from in-depth interviews with tenure-track economists in three Scandinavian countries, we find that skillful use of discovery-talk and delivery-talk helps respondents respond to the challenges they face as junior academics. Implications for research include the avoidance of, e.g., interdisciplinary work and questions of only regional importance. Furthermore, the data indicate that discovery and delivery notions partly overlap and so contribute to preserving economics as a relatively coherent and homogenous field.
Comparison of adverse events between intravitreal anti-VEGF and laser photocoagulation for treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review
Authors: Tsiropoulos Georgios N. , Seliniotaki Aikaterini K. , Haidich Anna-Bettina , Ziakas Nikolaos , Mataftsi Asimina 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To synthesize existing evidence on adverse events, complications, and unfavorable outcomes of current treatment modalities for treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity (TR-ROP).

Methods
PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, EMBASE, Trip Database, and the gray literature available were searched. Randomized Clinical Trials and observational studies comparing the adverse events of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections (bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept, pegaptanib, conbercept) and laser photocoagulation (LPC) as treatment modalities for infants with TR-ROP were included. The main outcomes compared between the two treatment modalities were: 1. Refractive Errors and Biometry Parameters, 2. Adverse events, complications, and unfavorable outcomes, 3. Disease Recurrence/Disease Regression/Need for retreatment, 4. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.

Results
Higher quality studies concluded that LPC leads to greater rates of myopia than intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment while the rate of adverse events and of unfavorable neurodevelopmental outcomes is similar. However, there was controversy among the included studies concerning the rate of ROP recurrence between intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and LPC.

Conclusion
There is need for future primary studies assessing the adverse events of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections compared with LPC as treatment modalities for infants with TR-ROP.
COVID-19 and the scientific publishing system: growth, open access and scientific fields
Authors: Nane Gabriela F. , Robinson-Garcia Nicolas , van Schalkwyk François , Torres-Salinas Daniel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe model the growth of scientific literature related to COVID-19 and forecast the expected growth from 1 June 2021. Considering the significant scientific and financial efforts made by the research community to find solutions to end the COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented volume of scientific outputs is being produced. This questions the capacity of scientists, politicians and citizens to maintain infrastructure, digest content and take scientifically informed decisions. A crucial aspect is to make predictions to prepare for such a large corpus of scientific literature. Here we base our predictions on the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and exponential smoothing models using the Dimensions database. This source has the particularity of including in the metadata information on the date in which papers were indexed. We present global predictions, plus predictions in three specific settings: by type of access (Open Access), by domain-specific repository (SSRN and MedRxiv) and by several research fields. We conclude by discussing our findings.
CSF CXCL13 and Chitinase 3-like-1 Levels Predict Disease Course in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Lucchini Matteo , De Arcangelis Valeria , Piro Geny , Nociti Viviana , Bianco Assunta , De Fino Chiara , Di Sante Gabriele , Ria Francesco , Calabresi Paolo , Mirabella Massimiliano 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSeveral biomarkers from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients’ biological fluids have been considered to support diagnosis, predict disease course, and evaluate treatment response. In this study, we assessed the CSF concentration of selected molecules implicated in the MS pathological process. To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of CSF concentration of target candidate biomarkers in both relapsing (RMS,n = 107) and progressive (PMS,n = 18) MS patients and in other inflammatory (OIND,n = 10) and non-inflammatory (ONIND,n = 15) neurological disorders. We measured the CSF concentration of APRIL, BAFF, CHI3L1, CCL-2, CXCL-8, CXCL-10, CXCL-12, CXCL-13 through a Luminex Assay. MS patients were prospectively evaluated, and clinical and radiological activity were recorded. CHI3L1 and CXCL13 CSF levels were significantly higher in both MS groups compared to control groups, while CCL2, BAFF, and APRIL concentrations were lower in RMS patients compared to PMS and OIND. Considering RMS patients with a single demyelinating event, higher concentrations of CHI3L1, CXCL10, CXCL12, and CXCL13 were recorded in patients who converted to clinically defined MS(CDMS). RMS patients in the CXCL13 and CHI3L1 high concentration group had a significantly higher risk of relapse (HR 12.61 and 4.57), MRI activity (HR 7.04 and 2.46), and of any evidence of disease activity (HR 12.13 and 2.90) during follow-up. CSF CXCL13 and CHI3L1 levels represent very good prognostic biomarkers in RMS patients, and therefore can be helpful in the treatment choice. Higher CSF concentrations of neuro-inflammatory biomarkers were associated with a higher risk of conversion to CDMS in patients with a first clinical demyelinating event. Differential CSF BAFF and APRIL levels between RMS and PMS suggest a different modulation of B-cells pathways in the different phases of the disease.
Model system for the transient behavior of double diffusive convection in two miscible layers
Authors: Ishikawa Toshio , Takehiro Shin-ichi , Yamada Michio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe investigate thermal convection in two horizontal layers of miscible fluids with an initial state in which the fluids are at rest and the temperature has a linear continuous vertical distribution, but the concentration takes different constant values in each layer. Because the initial layered state is not a stationary state, most theoretical methods available for immiscible fluids are not applicable to the miscible case. Here we propose a new model of the thermal convection of miscible fluids, which is devised in such a way that the horizontal average of the width of the transitional layer is kept constant. Both the stability of the stationary state in the linear stage and the asymptotic attractors in the nonlinear stage of the model closely describe the transition of the convection pattern in the original system, which is associated with the change of the width of the transitional layer.
FRAND Access to Data: Perspectives from the FRAND Licensing of Standard-Essential Patents for the Data Act Proposal and the Digital Markets Act
Authors: Habich Erik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article evaluates how the principles developed for the fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) licensing of standard-essential patents could be applied to FRAND data access as envisaged under the Digital Markets Act and the Data Act and proposes a negotiation scheme to specify the FRAND obligations. Firstly, this article describes the access rights under the Data Act and identifies its four layers to accelerate data sharing (Section 2). Secondly, the role of FRAND data sharing in the EU Data Package is described, and the specifics of FRAND in the context of the Data Act and the Digital Markets Act are developed (Section 3). Based thereon, the differences and commonalities of data sharing as envisaged in the Acts with respect to the FRAND licensing of standard-essential patents are described, and a negotiation scheme for FRAND terms under the current Data Act Proposal is developed under adaptation of the principles from Huawei/ZTE (Section 4).
High-fidelity modelling of moored marine structures: multi-component simulations and fluid-mooring coupling
Authors: Eskilsson Claes , Palm Johannes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHigh-fidelity viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models coupled to dynamic mooring models is becoming an established tool for marine wave-body-mooring (WBM) interaction problems. The CFD and the mooring solvers most often communicate by exchanging positions and mooring forces at the mooring fairleads. Mooring components such as submerged buoys and clump weights are usually not resolved in the CFD model, but are treated as Morison-type bodies. This paper presents two recent developments in high-fidelity WBM modelling: (i) a one-way fluid-mooring coupling that samples the CFD fluid kinematics to approximate drag and inertia forces in the mooring model; and (ii) support for inter-moored multibody simulations that can resolve fluid dynamics on a mooring component level. The developments are made in the high-order discontinuous Galerkin mooring solver MoodyCore, and in the two-phase incompressible Navier–Stokes finite volume solver OpenFOAM. The fluid-mooring coupling is verified with experimental tests of a mooring cable in steady current. It is also used to model the response of the slack-moored DeepCwind FOWT exposed to regular waves. Minor effects of fluid-mooring coupling were noted, as expected since this a mild wave case. The inter-mooring development is demonstrated on a point-absorbing WEC moored with a hybrid mooring system, fully resolved in CFD-MoodyCore. The WEC (including a quasi-linear PTO) and the submerged buoys are resolved in CFD, while the mooring dynamics include inter-mooring effects and the one-way sampling of the flow. The combined wave-body-mooring model is judged to be very complete and to cover most of the relevant effects for marine WBM problems.
2-Adic point counting on K3 surfaces
Authors: Elsenhans Andreas-Stephan , Jahnel Jörg 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article reports on an approach to point counting on algebraic varieties over finite fields that is based on a detailed investigation of the 2-adic orthogonal group. Combining the new approach with a p-adic method, we count the number of points on some K3 surfaces over the field $$\mathbb {F}_{\!p}$$

F

p

, for all primes $$p < 10^8$$

p
<

10
8

.
Fiber of persistent homology on morse functions
Authors: Leygonie Jacob , Beers David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLet f be a Morse function on a smooth compact manifold $$M$$
M
with boundary. The path component $$\mathrm {PH}^{-1}_f(D)$$

PH

f

-
1

(
D
)

containing f of the space of Morse functions giving rise to the same Persistent Homology $$D=\mathrm {PH}(f)$$

D
=
PH
(
f
)

is shown to be the same as the orbit of f under pre-composition $$\phi \mapsto f\circ \phi $$

ϕ
↦
f
∘
ϕ

by diffeomorphisms of $$M$$
M
which are isotopic to the identity. Consequently we derive topological properties of the fiber $$\mathrm {PH}^{-1}_f(D)$$

PH

f

-
1

(
D
)

: In particular we compute its homotopy type for many compact surfaces $$M$$
M
. In the 1-dimensional settings where $$M$$
M
is the unit interval or the circle we extend the analysis to continuous functions and show that the fibers are made of contractible and circular components respectively.
Anti-aging trait of whey protein against brain damage of senile rats
Authors: El-Beeh Mohamed E. , El-Badawi Ashraf A. , Amin Ali H. , Qari Sameer H. , Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy , Filfilan Wessam M. , El-Sayyad Hassan I. H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAging mammalian results in impaired bio-functions and neurological disorders. The current study investigated whether whey protein (WP) syrup supplementation may improve age-related changes in diseased brain indicators like tau protein, β-amyloid and α-amylase. The study was carried out in conjunction with immunohistochemistry, histology, and flow cytometry of apoptosis. At the ages of 8 and 30 months, Wistar albino rats (Rattus novergicus) were divided into four groups (n = 8; G1; 8 months old rats; G2, 8 months old rats supplemented WP; G3, 30 months old rats; G4, 30 months old rats supplemented WP), with or without whey syrup administration. For 2 months, oral whey supplementation in 2 mL/kg doses is given twice a day every 12 h. Rats were sacrificed, and their brains were subjected to biochemical, histological, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometric investigations. Aged rats had lower levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), serotonin (5-HT), and dopamine (DA). These observations were parallel with increased inflammatory markers [tumor necrosis factor α- and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO)], lipid peroxidation products (MDA), as well as apoptotic marker caspase-3, annexin-v, tau protein, β-amyloid, and α-amylase. Whey administration to aged rats reduced inflammatory and oxidative stress markers as well as improved neurotransmitters, tau protein, β-amyloid, and α-amylase. The advantages of supplementation were validated by improved histology and immunohistochemistry in aged rats’ cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus. In addition, apoptosis was reduced, according to flow cytometry analysis of annexin-v. In conclusion, WP contains amino acids and bioactive compounds that could decrease brain oxidative stress and restore normal metabolic function. Furthermore, increased antioxidant defense and DA and 5-HT neurotransmitters, while decreasing brain tau protein and β-amyloid, were associated with better histology in aged rats’ cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus.