bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of metabolism and regulation reveals rapid adaptability to growth on non-native substrates
Authors: Nair Nikhil , Trivedi Vikas , Sullivan Sean , Choudhury Debika , Gopinarayanan Venkatesh Endalur , Hart Taylor 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Engineering synthetic heterotrophy (i.e., growth on non-native substrates) is key to efficient bio-based valorization of various renewable (e.g., lignocellulosic biomass) and waste (e.g., plastics) substrates. Among these, engineering hemicellulosic pentose utilization has been well-explored in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) over several decades but genetic factors that constrain maximum growth rate remain elusive. Through a systematic analysis (flux balancing, directed evolution, functional genomics, and network modeling), we find that once the global regulatory response is appropriately remodeled, wild-type-like growth profiles can be achieved with minimal metabolic engineering effort. This indicates that intrinsic yeast metabolism is highly adaptable to growth on non-native substrates. We identified that extrinsic factors – specifically, genes that direct flux of pentoses into central carbon metabolism – are rate-limiting. We also find that deletion of endogenous genes to promote growth demonstrates inconsistent outcomes that are genetic-context- and condition-dependent. For the most part, these knockouts also lead to deleterious pleiotropic effects that decrease the robustness of strains against inhibitors commonly found in lignocellulosic hydrolysate. Thus, perturbation of intrinsic factors (e.g., metabolic, regulatory genes) provides incremental and inconsistent benefits at best and at worst, is detrimental. Not only do the findings and approach described here expedite the design-build-test cycle but also simplify the engineering process. Overall, this work provides insight into the limitations and pitfalls to realizing efficient synthetic heterotrophy and provides a novel paradigm to engineer the same.
Characteristic clinical features and plasma cytokine profiles in patients infected with nontuberculous mycobacteria and Talaromyces marneffei due to anti–interferon-gamma autoantibodies
Authors: Lin Siran , Zhang Chubin , He Zhangyufan , Zhou Zhe , Zhang Wei , Zheng Jianming , Zhang Wenhong , Shao Lingyun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to explore the characteristic clinical and laboratory findings in patients infected with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and Talaromyces marneffei due to anti–interferon-gamma autoantibodies (anti–IFN-γ Abs).
Methods
A case-control study was conducted on 77 HIV-negative patients with NTM or T. marneffei infections. Anti–IFN-γ Abs were detected in these patients, and the expression levels of 45 cytokines in the plasma of patients with and without anti-IFN-γ Abs.
Results
Among the 77 patients enrolled, anti–IFN-γ Abs were detected in 32 (41.6%) patients. Patients with anti–IFN-γ Abs were more likely to exhibit fever, lymphadenopathy, and weight loss (all P < 0.001), and infections in the bones/joints and lymph nodes (P = 0.008, P = 0.006, respectively) were significantly more common. In addition, patients with anti–IFN-γ Abs showed higher levels of white blood cell counts (P < 0.001), neutrophil ratio (P = 0.035), platelet count (P < 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.002), C-reactive protein (P = 0.009), and IgA (P = 0.004), and lower lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.007), hemoglobin (P = 0.047), CD4+ T lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.037), and serum albumin/globulin (P < 0.001). The autoantibody levels were found to be corelated with the IgG and serum globulin levels. Furthermore, the plasma levels of IL-8, IL-15, IL-10, IL-6, MCP-1, VEGF, TNF-α, MIP-3α, MIP-3β, and IL-1Ra significantly increased in patients with anti–IFN-γ Abs.
Conclusion
The characteristic clinical and laboratory findings will potentially help identify patients infected with NTM and T. marneffei due to anti–IFN-γ Abs.
Cancer incidence and mortality for 22 Arab countries in 2020: Profile of total and top major cancers
Authors: Khaled Hussein , Ibrahim Amal S , Khaled Rana H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction. Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with a significant economic, social, and health impact on humanity. The aim of this work was to explore epidemiologic cancer profile in the 22 Arab countries with special emphasis on the most common cancer subtypes. Material and Methods. Data estimates for the year 2020 were generated from the web site of cancer today. Incidence, mortality, and prevalence were gathered, analyzed, and tabulated in total then typed by age group, sex, geographic site, economic level, and specific cancer subtype. The five most common tumors, collectively and for each individual country were also emphasized.Results. Collectively in the 22 Arab countries, about 450 thousand new cases, 280 thousand deaths, and prevalence of over a million cases were estimated. Age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) for both sexes were 135.4 per 100,000 population, being 135.2 among males and 139.4 among females, while mortality rate was 86 per 100,000 population for both sexes, being 96.2 for males and 78 for females. The highest ASIR and ASMR occurred in Egypt (159.4 and 108.6/100,000, respectively) while the lowest ASIR were in Djibouti (91/100,000), and the lowest ASMR were in Saudi Arabia (51.3/100,000). Both ASMR and ASMR were higher for the 10 African (140.5 and 89.9) compared to the 12 Asian countries (120.3 and 74). The highest incidence (148.1) and mortality (93.4) rates occurred in low-middle-income countries compared to lowest incidence (97.6) and mortality (52.7) in the high-income countries. ASIR of cancer increased with age, but it was less than that observed for world and the USA adjusted incidence rate. On the contrary ASMR among Arab countries specially after the age of 59 years was lower than mortality rates of the world and the USA.Conclusion. Available data emphasize the value of developing and improving accurate national population-based cancer registries in the Arab world being the most important needed step for better cancer control.
Diagnostic efficacy of serum cystatin-c in association with ACE I/D and ACE G2350A gene as predictor of renal insufficiency in T2DM patients
Authors: MM Taha , Mahdy-Abdallah H , EM Shahy , MA Helmy , El-Leithy LS. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Renal function assessment in T2DM individuals is very important, as diabetic nephropathy (DN) seems to be the major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that may finally lead to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in those patients. Clearly, DN pathogenesis is multifactorial and different proteins, genes and environmental factors can contribute to the onset of the disease. Therefore, we need to assess sensitive and specific biomarkers which can predict susceptibility of development of kidney disease in those patients.
Methodology:
The current study was performed on 108 T2DM patients and 85 normal controls (NC). Biochemical parameters as blood glucose, HbA1c and serum Cystatin-C were assessed. Genetic determination of both ACE I/D and ACE G2350A was done for all participants. Also, urinary hemeoxygenase (HO-1) was evaluated as a new biomarker of kidney disease.
Results
showed significant rise in serum cystatin-c and urinary hemeoxygenase levels in diabetic groups compared with (NC) group. In addition, GG genotype of ACE G2350A gene in diabetic group was associated with rise in serum cystatin-c and urinary heme oxygenase compared with (NC) group. Mutant AA genotype demonstrated increase in urinary HO-1. DD polymorphism was associated with rise in serum creatinine and Cyst-C in diabetic group. Positive correlation was seen between duration of diabetes and serum cystatin-c and between serum glucose and urinary (HO-1) in diabetic group.
Conclusion
Early detection of nephropathy in T2DM patients can enable adequate treatment and improve their outcomes. Our study indicated an association of GG genotype of ACE G2350A in conjugation with DD polymorphism of ACE I/D with serum cystatin-c as early predictor of tubular injury in T2DM diabetic.
Structural and functional changes following brain surgery in pediatric patients with intracranial space-occupying lesions
Authors: Guan Xueyi , Zheng Wenjian , Fan Kaiyu , Han Xu , Hu Bohan , Li Xiang , Yan Zihan , Lu Zheng , Gong Jian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We explored the structural and functional changes of the healthy hemisphere of the brain after surgery in children with intracranial space-occupying lesions. We enrolled 32 patients with unilateral intracranial space-occupying lesions for brain imaging and cognitive assessment. Voxel-based morphometry and surface-based morphometry analyses were used to investigate the structural images of the healthy hemisphere. Functional images were analyzed using regional homogeneity, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, and fractional-amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. Voxel-based morphometry and surface-based morphometry analysis used the statistical model built into the CAT12 toolbox. Paired t-tests were used for functional image and cognitive test scores. For structural image analysis, we used family-wise error correction of peak level (p < 0.05), and for functional image analysis, we use Gaussian random-field theory correction (voxel p < 0.001, cluster p < 0.05). We found an increase in gray matter volume in the healthy hemisphere within six months postoperatively, mainly in the frontal lobe. Regional homogeneity and fractional-amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations also showed greater functional activity in the frontal lobe. The results of cognitive tests showed that psychomotor speed and motor speed decreased significantly after surgery, and reasoning increased significantly after surgery. We concluded that in children with intracranial space-occupying lesions, the healthy hemisphere exhibits compensatory structural and functional effects within six months after surgery. This effect occurs mainly in the frontal lobe and is responsible for some higher cognitive compensation. This may provide some guidance for the rehabilitation of children after brain surgery.
Circularly Polarized Tunable Graphene-Patch over SiO 2 substrate for THz Applications
Authors: Narayaswamy Nagesh Kallollu , Bhosle Manju Ramrao , Penmatsa Krishna Kanth Varma , Dwivedi Ajay Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this communication, a graphene-based radiator is designed and analyzed at THz frequency. A tilted dumbbell-shaped aperture is loaded on a graphene patch for creating degenerated orthogonal mode with 900 phase shift, which in turn produces circularly polarized (CP) waves. Graphene patch is placed over SiO2 substrate. Slot loading in graphene patch shifts the frequency band due to a reduction in effective permittivity. Another important feature of the proposed antenna is to provide a tunable feature in the frequency response and axial ratio by changing the chemical potential. The proposed antenna operates from 5.85 THz to 6.05 THz. 3-dB axial ratio is obtained from 5.85 THz to 5.95 THz. Good value of gain, as well as left-handed circular polarization characteristics, makes the proposed THz antenna in biomedical applications
FDCGAN: Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network Algorithm Based on Improved Fisher's Criterion
Authors: Qi Guanglei , Zhang Hao , Hou Xiaogang , Zheng Kaimei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A deep convolutional generative adversarial network algorithm based on improved Fisher's criterion (FDCGAN, deep convolutional generative adversarial network algorithm based on improved Fisher's criterion) is proposed to address the problem that the quality of generated images decreases dramatically when the training sample size is insufficient or the number of iterations decreases. The method adds a linear layer to the discriminative model, which extracts the category information. Fisher's constraint criterion is used in back propagation to combine label and category information. The weights are adjusted iteratively to minimize the error while keeping the intra-class distance small and inter-class distance large so that the weights can approach the optimal value more quickly. By comparing the experiments with the latest six different network models, the FDCGAN model achieves better results in all the FID metrics. In addition, the experimental results all achieve better results by applying the method to the current advanced models for generalization tests.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate suppresses GLUT activity through PP2A and counteracts hyperglycemia in diabetic red blood cells
Authors: Thomas Nadine , Wollnitzke Philipp , Ghaderi Shahrooz , Lipinski Karin von Wnuck , Wille Annalena , Nowak Melissa , Schröder Nathalie , Deister-Jonas Jennifer , Vogt Jens , Gräler Markus , Dannenberg Lisa , Kelm Malte , Keul Petra , Weske Sarah , Polzin Amin , Levkau Bodo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Membrane phospholipids affect GLUT function in RBC but the role of their large intercellular S1P pool is unknown. We show that altering S1P content by intervening in its precursor uptake, synthesis and efflux had major impacts on RBC glucose uptake and glycolysis. We identified the mechanism as direct activation of PP2A by S1P leading to cell-surface GLUT reduction. This mechanism was highly dynamic as it responded to metabolic cues from the environment by regulating intracellular S1P and thereby glucose uptake, hence counteracting pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes. Accordingly, RBC from hyperglycemic mice and humans with diabetes had higher S1P, Sphk1 and PP2A activities, and lower cell-surface GLUTs. Proof of concept is provided by the resistance of RBC lacking the main S1P exporter MFSD2B to pathological HbA1c increases in hyperglycemia. This mechanism may also be functional in other insulin-independent tissues and could be pharmacologically exploited by existing S1P homeostasis-modifying drugs.
Validation of in-situ ionospheric density using FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 IVM and ICON IVM
Authors: Choi Jong-Min , Lin Charles , Rajesh P. K. , Park Jaeheung , Kwak Young-Sil , Chen Shih-Ping , Lin Jia-Ting 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We investigate the validation of in-situ ion density measurements by the ion velocity meter (IVM) onboard F7/C2 and ICON, respectively, during the solar minimum condition of December 2019 to November 2020. The diurnal variation in ion density measured by F7/C2 IVM is consistent with that of ICON IVM except for different magnitude in the December solstice. The distribution of the equatorial ion density from both satellites agrees with those observed by C/NOFS IVM satellite during the low solar activity period in 2008–2009 (Coley et al, 2010). The diurnal variation in the equatorial region did not show any effect by PRE during 2019–2020, except for observations taken at the ICON altitude during equinoxes. The plasma distributions at the low latitude depend on the season. The simultaneous observations from F7/C2 IVM and ICON IVM provide opportunities to study the spatial configuration and time evolution of ionospheric irregularity in the equatorial region and low latitude. The F7/C2 and ICON simultaneously observed the equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) occurring around Taiwan on 18 October 2020, and the observations are consistent with each other. The EPBs were also observed by an all-sky imager located in Taiwan for validation of the satellite observations.
Analysis of intermunicipal journeys for cardiac surgery in Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS): an approach based on network theory
Authors: Sousa Ludmilla Monfort Oliveira , Pereira Hernane Borges de Barros , de Araújo Edna Maria , Miranda José Garcia Vivas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction: The transformation of data into information is important to support decision making and, thus, to induce improvements in healthcare services. The regionalized organization of healthcare systems is necessary to ensure the integrity of citizen care. From this perspective, the creation of mechanisms to guide and assess the behavior of a healthcare services network becomes necessary. However, these mechanisms must consider the interaction between different municipalities. The objective of this study is to apply network analysis as a supporting tool in the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) management.Methods: the stages of the proposed method are described and applied in a real situation, analyzing the intermunicipal interaction network for cardiovascular surgery in the municipality of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil, from 2008 to 2020. The metrics analyzed were journeys indices, flow of patients and distance of the journeys, considering the journeys from and to the municipality in focus. Result: there was an increase of the incoming flow and in-degree indices combined with a decrease in outgoing flow, showing the growing importance of this municipality as a provider of these services. Conclusion: the method used in the study has potential to be adopted as a management tool to assess the behavior of the interactions network of the selected service, aiding the regionalized organization of the healthcare system.
Secondary Budd-Chiari syndrome occurred after adjuvant radiotherapy for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Miura Yuya , Ashida Ryo , Saiga Atsushi , Sugiura Teiichi , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Yamada Mihoko , Otsuka Shimpei , Aramaki Takeshi , Sato Rui , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare vascular disorder of the liver, and acute and secondary BCS is even rarer. Case presentation: A 62-year-old man with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma of Bismuth type IIIa underwent right hemi-hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was performed due to a positive hepatic ductal margin. Subsequently, the disease passed without recurrence. The patient visited for acute onset abdominal pain at the 32nd postoperative month. Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) showed stenosis of the left hepatic vein (LHV) root, which was the irradiated field, and thrombotic occlusion of the LHV. The patient was diagnosed with acute BCS caused by adjuvant radiotherapy. Although anticoagulation therapy was performed, the patient complained of sudden upper abdominal pain again. MDCT showed an enlarged LHV thrombus and hepatomegaly. The patient was diagnosed with exacerbated acute BCS, and stenting for the stenotic LHV root was performed with a bare stent. Although stenting for the LHV root was very effective, restenosis occurred twice due to thrombus in the existing stent, so re-stenting was performed twice. The subsequent clinical course was acceptable without recurrence or restenosis of the LHV root as of six months after the last stenting using a stent graft.Conclusion: Although no case of BCS caused by radiotherapy has yet been reported, the present case showed that late side effect of radiotherapy can cause hepatic vein stenosis and secondary BCS.
Discovery of Molecular Properties of a Quinoline Derivative via Benchmarking DFT Methods with Respect to Functional and Basis Set
Authors: Sertbakan Tevfik Raci , Muz İskender , Kurban Mustafa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The energetic, reactivity and spectroscopic characteristics of 2-choloro-6,8-dimethylquinoline-3-carboxaldehyde (2C68DMQCALD) molecule have been performed using experimental and theoretical methodologies. The discovery of molecular properties of the molecule has been tested via benchmarking the performance of density functional theory with regard to various functionals and basis sets. For DFT calculations, optimized parameters are proposed for B3LYP, BVP86, B3PW91, PBEPBE and BLYP functionals and STO–3G, DGDZVP, 6–311G, 6–311 + G(2d) and 6–311 + G(d, p) basis sets. The performance of the different DFT methods is compared to experimental data to determine the best and worst combinations. The study demonstrates that B3LYP/6–311 + G(2d) performs better than the other combinations. The calculated parameters such as the bond lengths, total energies, binding energies, energy gaps, harmonic vibrational frequencies of the normal modes, FT-IR spectra, thermodynamic and reactivity properties are discussed for each functional and basis set. Finally, it can be concluded that the choice of appropriate functional and basis set is important to obtain highly accurate results when compared to experimental data.
Contrastive analysis of temperature and stress field distribution in cladding layer by Gaussian and Hollow-Ring laser modes
Authors: Zhu Gangxian , Li Guangqi , Wang Lifang , Shi Shihong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Gaussian laser mode can be converted into a hollow-ring laser mode through beam conversion system, realizing the conversion of circular and solid spot into a hollow-ring spot, which changes the energy distribution form of the laser spot. In order to study effects of the Gaussian and hollow-ring laser modes on temperature and stress fields in cladding layers, the numerical simulation and experimental investigation were performed. The results showed that molten pool experienced once temperature peak and generated sharp temperature change under the Gaussian laser, while the molten pool experienced twice temperature peaks and temperature changed relatively gentle when used the hollow-ring laser. Comparing with the Gaussian laser, the maximum temperature gradient along the depth of cladding layer decreased by 72.3% from 1.79×106℃/m to 4.95×105℃/m and the maximum residual stress decreased from 272MPa to 251MPa under hollow-ring laser. Meanwhile, the simulation results were validated by experiments with the same process. Further more, the sample microstructure were studied from the experiment. The microstructure was finer and more uniform using hollow-ring laser. This paper can provide guidance and advantage for laser cladding and direct metal deposition based on the hollow-ring mode, and broad the application of laser field.