bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new harmonic tuned class E power amplifier based on waveform analysis
Authors: Yang Wanghong , Luo Yonglun , Xuan Danlei , Chang Rong , Hong Guoping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a waveform theory for harmonic tuned class E power amplifier (HT class E PA) based on waveform analysis is proposed. This paper uses the waveform theory of class F PAs and class F−1 PAs to solve the problem of harmonic tuning of traditional class E PAs. The equation of normalized current waveform of the class E PA is analyzed, set the phase difference between the current and voltage of the harmonic components to
, and finally deduced the equation of normalized voltage waveform. This paper replaces the output impedance in the traditional class E PA design with the output impedance obtained from the waveform analysis, which makes the design of the matching network more convenient and ensures that the output current waveform and voltage waveform of the designed new HT class E PA are very close to those of the ideal class E power amplifier. The theoretical efficiency of the new HT class E PA is 89.04%. Based on this theory, a power amplifier is designed using a CREE GaN CGH40010F transistor. Test results show that: the gain can reach 10.7 dB, the output power is 40.7 dBm, PAE is 67.7%, DE is 74%.
A novel computer adaptive word list memory test optimized for remote assessment: Psychometric properties and associations with neurodegenerative biomarkers in older women without dementia
Authors: Stricker Nikki H. , Stricker John L. , Karstens Aimee J. , Geske Jennifer R. , Fields Julie A. , Hassenstab Jason , Schwarz Christopher G. , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Wiste Heather J. , Jack Clifford R. , Kantarci Kejal , Mielke Michelle M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study established the psychometric properties and preliminary validity of the Stricker Learning Span (SLS), a novel computer adaptive word list memory test designed for remote assessment and optimized for smartphone use.MethodsWomen enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Specialized Center of Research Excellence (SCORE) were recruited via e‐mail or phone to complete two remote cognitive testing sessions. Convergent validity was assessed through correlation with previously administered in‐person neuropsychological tests (n = 96, ages 55–79) and criterion validity through associations with magnetic resonance imaging measures of neurodegeneration sensitive to Alzheimer's disease (n = 47).ResultsSLS performance significantly correlated with the Auditory Verbal Learning Test and measures of neurodegeneration (temporal meta‐regions of interest and entorhinal cortical thickness, adjusting for age and education). Test–retest reliabilities across two sessions were 0.71–0.76 (two‐way mixed intraclass correlation coefficients).DiscussionThe SLS is a valid and reliable self‐administered memory test that shows promise for remote assessment of aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
Plant functional diversity influences water and carbon fluxes and their use efficiencies in native and disturbed dryland ecosystems
Authors: Castellanos Alejandro E. , Hinojo‐Hinojo César , Rodriguez Julio C. , Romo‐Leon Jose Raul , Wilcox Bradford P. , Biederman Joel A. , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: March 2022

AbstractVegetation is changing rapidly in dryland ecosystems, but critical gaps remain in understanding the long‐term fluxes of carbon (C) and water. We used 6 years of data from two adjacent eddy covariance sites in the Sonoran Desert, a species‐rich woody C3 native shrubland and a species‐poor C4 shrubland converted to buffelgrass savanna. Although emphasis has been given to the physical determinants of productivity in dryland ecosystems, we assessed how PFTs changes influenced (1) water and C fluxes and (2) water‐use (WUEe) and intrinsic C‐use efficiencies (CUEei) in the two sites under the same climatological conditions. We hypothesized that changes in PFTs would alter accessibility, rate and use efficiencies of water and carbon, with poorly known effects on the long‐term fluxes and efficiencies. Annual net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in the shrubland was a C‐source in drier years and a sink in others. However, longer C uptake, greater WUEe and lower CUEei were the crucial drivers for higher and positive NEP (C sink) in the savanna. Annual and seasonal WUEe and CUEei discrepancies indicated the importance of dominant PFTs after disturbance and ecohydrological feedbacks. As the world becomes drier and vegetation disturbance more common, the role of PFT changes should contribute to gaining a clearer understanding of their role in the C and water fluxes of dryland ecosystems.
Novel molecular biomarkers of cancer therapy‐induced cardiotoxicity in adult population: a scoping review
Authors: Cartas‐Espinel Irene , Telechea‐Fernández Marcelino , Manterola Delgado Carlos , Ávila Barrera Andrés , Saavedra Cuevas Nicolás , Riffo‐Campos Angela L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimCancer treatments are associated with cardiotoxic events that predispose to cardiac pathology and compromise the survival of patients, making necessary the identification of new molecular biomarkers to detect cardiotoxicity. This scoping review aims to identify the available evidence on novel molecular biomarkers associated with cardiotoxicity in the adult population undergoing cancer therapy.Methods and resultsThe databases Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase were screened for the identification of published studies until 23 August 2020, searching for novel molecular biomarkers reported in cancer therapy‐related cardiac dysfunction in adult patients. A total of 42 studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. Fourteen studies reported 44 new protein biomarkers, 18 studies reported 57 new single nucleotide polymorphism biomarkers, and 11 studies reported 171 new gene expression profiles associated with cardiotoxicity. Data were extracted for 272 novel molecular biomarkers reported and evaluated in 7084 cancer patients, of which only 13 were identified in more than one study (MPO, sST2, GDF‐15, TGF‐B1, rs1056892, rs1883112, rs4673, rs13058338, rs1695, miR‐1, miR‐25‐3p, miR‐34a‐5p, and miR‐423‐5p), showing values for area under the curve > 0.73 (range 0.74–0.85), odds ratio 0.26–7.17, and hazard ratio 1.28–1.80.ConclusionsMultiple studies presented a significant number of novel molecular biomarkers as promising predictors for risk assessment of cardiac dysfunction related to cancer therapy, but the characteristics of the studies carried out and the determinations applied do not allow suggesting the clinical use of these molecular biomarkers in the assessment of cancer therapy‐induced cardiotoxicity.
Heteroglycoclusters through Unprecedented Orthogonal Chemistry Based on N‐Alkylation of N‐Acylhydrazone
Authors: Fray Marwa , Mathiron David , Pilard Serge , Lesur David , Abidi Rym , Barhoumi‐Slimi Thouraya , Cragg Peter J. , Benazza Mohammed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOrthogonal chemistry is a valuable tool in the preparation of complex molecules as heteroglycoclusters. Unfortunately, selective heteroconjugation of multifunctional starting materials remains a usually challenging problem to overcome. Herein, we report the first report on harnessing N‐alkylation of N‐acylhydrazone as a key step in the orthogonal synthesis. Sequentially associated with the azido‐alkyne click chemistry, it stands out as a new and straightforward synthetic method of glycoconjugate small molecules, heterodisaccharides, and heteroglycoclusters based on cone p‐tBu‐calix[4]arene and 1,3‐alt p‐tBu‐thiacalix[4]arene with potential drug‐like properties.
Pain sensitivity is associated with general attitudes towards pain: Development and validation of a new instrument for pain research and clinical application
Authors: Vetterlein Annabel , Monzel Merlin , Richter‐Hetzer Sandy , Kapala Katharina , Geppert Juliane , Baki Sophia , Reuter Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundWith regard to attitudes towards pain, many questionnaires have been developed. Although undoubtedly useful, they were specifically designed for the use in chronic pain and are less suitable for the assessment in the general population. The purpose of the present paper was to develop a measure for the assessment of general attitudes towards pain applicable in the general population, regardless of clinical condition, and to test its psychometric properties.MethodsWe developed the General Attitudes Towards Pain Inventory and conducted two studies in order to provide psychometric data: In a general population sample (N = 362, study one), participants were asked to complete a questionnaire battery. To assess test–retest reliability, participants were contacted again after 4 weeks (retest sample: N = 101). For the evaluation of criterion validity (study two), a sample with sadomasochistic sexual preference (N = 68) was additionally recruited.ResultsStatistical analyses revealed, overall, acceptable internal consistencies and test–retest reliabilities. A 10‐factor model showed acceptable fit and was superior to alternative models. The inventory demonstrated convergent and divergent validity. In this context, we found pain sensitivity to be associated with pain attitudes. Finally, compared to the general population sample, individuals with sadomasochistic sexual preference showed significantly higher scores on fascination‐pleasure and challenge subscales.ConclusionsIn the present paper, we introduce a new and comprehensive instrument for pain research and provide evidence for its reliability and validity. In addition, we present new insights into how interindividual differences in pain sensitivity relate to pain attitudes.Statement of SignificanceAcknowledging the lack of basic research on pain attitudes in the general population, we have developed and validated the first psychometric instrument to measure ten general attitudes towards pain. The inventory is based on the literature and clinical expertise and has been demonstrated to be useful in pain sensitivity research. In the clinical context, general pain attitudes could be pivotal when a person who has only known everyday pain suddenly becomes a patient confronted with prolonged states of intense pain.
Detection and assessment of postoperative pain in children with cognitive impairment: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pizzinato Anna , Liguoro Ilaria , Pusiol Anna , Cogo Paola , Palese Alvisa , Vidal Enrico 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveChildren with cognitive impairment (CI) are at risk of experiencing pain. Several specific pain rating scales have been developed to date. Thus, the aim of this meta‐analysis was to estimate the degree of reliability of different pain assessment scales for the postoperative pain in children with CI.Databases and Data TreatmentPubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were approached: all studies validating and/or using pain assessment tool in children (0–20 years) with CI published in English from the 1st of January 2000 to the 1st of January 2022 were included. Only studies reporting the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to evaluate the concordance between caregivers’ and external researchers’ scores were eligible.ResultsTwelve studies were included (586 children with CI, 60% males; weighted mean age 9.9 years – range 2–20). Five of them evaluated the Non‐Communicating Children's Pain Checklist‐Postoperative Version (NCCPC‐PV) scale whereas four the original and revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale. The analysis showed an overall ICC value of 0.76 (0.74–0.78) for the NCCPC‐PV scale, with a high heterogeneity index (I2 = 97%) and 0.87 (0.84–0.90) for the FLACC scale, with a discrete I2 index (59%).ConclusionsThe NCCPC‐PV and FLACC pain rating scales showed the strongest evidence for validity and reliability for assessing postoperative pain in children with CI. However, due to the high heterogeneity of the studies available, these results should not be considered conclusive.SignificanceThis review is focused on the assessment of pain in children with CI in the postoperative period. Simplified observation‐based pain assessment tools that rely on evaluating non‐verbal expressions of pain should be recommended for children with difficulties to communicate their feelings. Even if there is a high degree of heterogeneity in clinical presentations among youth with CI, two tools (NCCPC‐PV and FLACC) have emerged as reliable and valid in this population.
Development and external validation of a prediction model for patient‐relevant outcomes in patients with chronic widespread pain and fibromyalgia
Authors: Moen V. P. , Tveter A. T. , Herbert R. D. , Hagen K. B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to develop prediction models and explore the external validity of the models in a large sample of patients with chronic widespread pain (CWP) and fibromyalgia (FM).MethodsPatients with CWP and FM referred to rehabilitation services in Norway (n = 986) self‐reported data on potential predictors prior to entering rehabilitation, and self‐reported outcomes at one‐year follow‐up. Logistic regression models of improvement, worsening and work status, and a linear regression model of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), were developed using lasso regression. Externally validated estimates of model performance were obtained from the validation set.ResultsThe number of participants in the development and the validation sets was 771 and 215 respectively; only participants with outcome data (n = 519–532 and 185, respectively) were included in the analyses. On average, HRQoL and work status changed little over one year. The prediction models included 10–11 predictors. Discrimination (AUC statistic) for prediction of outcome at follow‐up was 0.71 for improvement, 0.67 for worsening, and 0.87 for working. The median absolute error of predictions of HRQoL was 0.36 (0.22–0.51). Reasonably good predictions of working at follow‐up and HRQoL could be obtained using only the baseline scores as predictors.ConclusionsModerately complex prediction models (10–11 predictors) generated poor to excellent predictions of patient‐relevant outcomes. Simple prediction models of working and HRQoL at follow‐up may be nearly as accurate and more practical.SignificancePrediction modelling of outcome in rehabilitation has been sparsely explored. Such models may guide clinical decision‐making. This study developed and externally validated prediction models for outcomes of people with chronic widespread pain and fibromyalgia in a rehabilitation setting. Multivariable prediction models generated poor to excellent predictions of patient‐relevant outcomes, but the complexity of these models may reduce their clinical utility. Simple univariable prediction models were nearly as accurate and may have more potential for use in clinical practice.
Salt‐marsh retreat on different time scales: Issues and prospects from a 5‐year monitoring campaign in the Venice Lagoon
Authors: Mel Riccardo A. , Bendoni Michele , Steffinlongo Daniele 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLateral edge erosion is one of the main mechanisms leading to loss volume of salt marshes. Given the relatively large number of field measurements of eroding salt marshes reported in the literature, and the different ways they were performed, some natural questions arise. (i) What is the relationship between wave climate and erosion rate at different time scales? (ii) How can the surveys based on a single meteorological event support large‐scale monitoring campaigns? (iii) What are the main meteorological and morphological parameters correlated to the erosion process? (iv) Why do only some marshes show cantilever profiles? (v) What are the most common issues to deal with in monitoring campaigns? Most of the previous studies considered large spatial and temporal scales only, providing an estimation of the overall behaviour of the system without identifying the specific role of each event. In this study, we attempted to answer these questions by investigating the lateral evolution of salt marsh margins located in the Venice Lagoon at different time scales, combining marsh retreat measurements, remote sensing data and numerical modelling. Field data were collected monthly for 5 years (2014–2018), covering 26 storms. A linear relation linking erosion rate to wave power is confirmed at different time scales, with a decreasing slope at higher elevation of the marsh bank that explains the occurrence of cantilever profiles. Mass failures can occur over long‐period cycles, related to the geomorphic characteristics of the area. Finally, the major issues affecting the in‐situ monitoring campaigns have been highlighted.
Microglia integration into human midbrain organoids leads to increased neuronal maturation and functionality
Authors: Sabate‐Soler Sonia , Nickels Sarah Louise , Saraiva Cláudia , Berger Emanuel , Dubonyte Ugne , Barmpa Kyriaki , Lan Yan Jun , Kouno Tsukasa , Jarazo Javier , Robertson Graham , Sharif Jafar , Koseki Haruhiko , Thome Christian , Shin Jay W. , Cowley Sally A. , Schwamborn Jens C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe human brain is a complex, three‐dimensional structure. To better recapitulate brain complexity, recent efforts have focused on the development of human‐specific midbrain organoids. Human iPSC‐derived midbrain organoids consist of differentiated and functional neurons, which contain active synapses, as well as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. However, the absence of microglia, with their ability to remodel neuronal networks and phagocytose apoptotic cells and debris, represents a major disadvantage for the current midbrain organoid systems. Additionally, neuroinflammation‐related disease modeling is not possible in the absence of microglia. So far, no studies about the effects of human iPSC‐derived microglia on midbrain organoid neural cells have been published. Here we describe an approach to derive microglia from human iPSCs and integrate them into iPSC‐derived midbrain organoids. Using single nuclear RNA Sequencing, we provide a detailed characterization of microglia in midbrain organoids as well as the influence of their presence on the other cells of the organoids. Furthermore, we describe the effects that microglia have on cell death and oxidative stress‐related gene expression. Finally, we show that microglia in midbrain organoids affect synaptic remodeling and increase neuronal excitability. Altogether, we show a more suitable system to further investigate brain development, as well as neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinflammation.
Resting functional connectivity of the left inferior frontal gyrus with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal junction reflects the social network size for active interactions
Authors: Mori Kazuma , Haruno Masahiko 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe size of an individual active social network is a key parameter of human social behavior and is correlated with subjective well‐being. However, it remains unknown how the social network size of active interactions is represented in the brain. Here, we examined whether resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) connectivity is associated with the social network size of active interactions using behavioral data of a large sample (N = 222) on Twitter. Region of interest (ROI)‐to‐ROI analysis, graph theory analysis, seed‐based analysis, and decoding analysis together provided compelling evidence that people who have a large social network size of active interactions, as measured by “reply,” show higher fMRI connectivity of the left inferior frontal gyrus with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal junction, which represents the core of the theory of mind network. These results demonstrated that people who have a large social network size of active interactions maintain activity of the identified functional connectivity in daily life, possibly providing a mechanism for efficient information transmission between the brain networks related to language and theory‐of‐mind.
Pediatric intraoperative nerve monitoring during thyroid surgery: A review from the American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Surgery Section and the International Neural Monitoring Study Group
Authors: Diercks Gillian R. , Rastatter Jeff C. , Kazahaya Ken , Kamani Dipti , Quintanilla‐Dieck Lourdes , Shindo Maisie L. , Hartnick Christopher , Shin Jennifer J. , Singer Michael C. , Stack Brendan C. , Chen Amy Y. , St. John Maie A. , Scharpf Joseph , Agrawal Nishant , Jayawardena Asitha D. L. , Iwata Ayaka J. , Okose Okenwa , Wang Bo , McIlroy Dioan , Cheung Anthony , Wu Che Wei , Chiang Feng Yu , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Barczynski Marcin , Brauckhoff Katrin , Lorenz Kerstin , Hartl Dana , Tolley Neil , Brooks Jennifer A. , Schneider Rick , Dralle Henning , Abdelhamid Ahmed Amr H. , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChildren are more likely to experience recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury during thyroid surgery. Intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) may assist in nerve identification and surgical decision making. A literature review of pediatric IONM was performed and used to inform a monitoring technique guide and expert opinion statements. Pediatric IONM is achieved using a variety of methods. When age‐appropriate endotracheal tubes with integrated surface electrodes are not available, an alternative method should be used. Patient age and surgeon experience with laryngoscopy influence technique selection; four techniques are described in detail. Surgeons must be familiar with the nuances of monitoring technique and interpretation; opinion statements address optimizing this technology in children. Adult IONM guidelines may offer strategies for surgical decision making in children. In some cases, delay of second‐sided surgery may reduce bilateral RLN injury risk.
Post‐hematopoietic stem cell transplantation relapse: Role of checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Roshandel Elham , Tavakoli Farzaneh , Parkhideh Sayeh , Akhlaghi Sedigheh Sadat , Ardakani Maria Tavakoli , Soleimani Masoud 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsDespite the revolutionary effects of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in treating hematological malignancies, post‐HSCT relapse is considered a critical concern of clinicians. Residual malignant cells employ many mechanisms to evade immune surveillance and survive to cause relapse after transplantation. One of the immune‐frustrating mechanisms through which malignant cells can compromise the antitumor effects is misusing the self‐limiting system of immune response by overexpressing inhibitory molecules to interact with the immune cells, leading them to so‐called “exhausted” and ineffective. Introduction of these molecules, known as immune checkpoints, and blocking them was a prodigious step to decrease the relapses.MethodsUsing keywords nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and ipilimumab, we investigated the literature to figure out the role of the immune checkpoints in the HSCT setting. Studies in which these agents were administrated for relapse after transplantation were reviewed. Factors such as the interval from the transplant to relapse, previous treatment history, adverse events, and the patients’ outcome were extracted.ResultsHere we provided a mini‐review discussing the experiences of three immune checkpoints, including nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and ipilimumab, as well as the pros and cons of using their blockers in relapse control after HSCT. In conclusion, it seems that CI therapy seems effective for this population. Future investigations may provide detailed outlook of this curative options.