bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Image Scale and Resolution to Obtain Lineament Related Structures using ALOS PALSAR Dual Orbit Data
Authors: Akrom Fadhil Muhammad , Saepuloh Asep 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Geological structures identification using conventional optical remote sensing encountered some problems due to atmospheric and surface conditions. Therefore, we exploited the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in Ascending and Descending orbits to characterize lineaments related to geological structures. We have analyzed two images from the Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) onboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS). The adjustment of their resolution in the multilooking process was applied to obtain the best understanding between detected lineament and reference fault. The cross-polarized data of ALOS PALSAR level SLC were multilooked with variation of resolution from 15 to 120 m. Obtaining the optimum detected lineament-related faults, which applied the Yamaguchi criterion to extract the lineament visually in the multilooked images. The Kamojang-Guntur Geothermal Fields in West Java were selected as a study area because there is a challenge to confirm geological structure in the area with high alteration and high weathering conditions. According to the proposed criterion, we have obtained those images with resolution of 75 to 90 from the analysis images can represent surface geological structure conditions, and the correlation with existing published geological map. The field verifications have been confirmed that the geological structure indication from images has been proved with the existence of slickenside and morphological conditions such as drainage of rivers, ridges, and valleys. Based on lineaments, stress regimes, and field verifications, it was concluded that Yamaguchi criterion analysis with image resolution 75 to 90 m can describe the presence of regional structures and interpreted structures.
A review study of landslide analysis in Belimbing road, Pejagoan, Kebumen – Central Java, from hydrogeological aspects
Authors: Mareta N , Saputro S P , Winduhutomo S , Lubis R F 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Landslides have occurred on the Belimbing road, Pejagoan, Kebumen – Central Java which has affected 4 houses. The direction of landslide movement is N10°E, with rotational landslide type. The lithology of the landslide location is river deposits that have not been compacted (alluvium). Morphology is plain with steep bordering the Luk Ulo river. The slope bordering the river is 45 – 60° with a shape influenced by lateral erosion of the Luk Ulo river. The result of the analysis of the direction of groundwater flowing around the landslide location showed that there was one peak with the direction of flow towards the north towards Luk Ulo river. When it rains, the infiltrated rainwater will seep and increase of volume of the groundwater. Increasing volume of groundwater will flow in the direction of the flownets and increase the pressure in the direction of the flow of groundwater. The drainage (consisting of five water channels) is located south of the landslide point, namely channel 1 (T1), channel 2 (T2), channel 3 (T3), channel 4 (T4), and channel 5 (T5). There should be a change in the direction of drainage water flow. Changes in the direction of drainage flow can be attempted by closing T4 and only one discharge point, namely at T2.
The significant meaning of biodegradation to the petroleum system of the Seram Basin, eastern Indonesia: evaluation on the basis of physio-chemical composition variation of Seram oils
Authors: Hartono Barry Majeed , Subroto Eddy Ariyono , Kesumajana Asep Heri Patria , Andrianto Roy , Wahyudiono Joko , Malvinas Galung , Priyanto Bagus 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
It has been widely accepted since the 1980s that Seram crude oils belong to one family that originated from the Triassic carbonate source rock. Even though these oils share similar nature and origin, they exhibit wide physio-chemical composition variations in Seram Basin. Moreover, this variation is also noted within a similar oil field. Hydrocarbon alteration, especially biodegradation, a process of hydrocarbon destruction by microbial activities, has been attributed to this variation. However, the degree and extension of biodegradation in the Seram Basin are still poorly understood. Therefore, crude oils accumulated in main reservoirs, the Pre-Tertiary Manusela Carbonate and the Pliocene Fufa Clastic reservoirs, retrieved from Lofin, Oseil, Nief, and Bula Fields, are comprehensively studied. In addition, several oil seep samples were also utilized for this study together with crude oil geochemistry data compiled from previous publications. The occurrence of biodegradation is also validated with the geological conditions that include resevoir temperatures and salinities. Based on the geochemical signatures, there is a wide range of biodegradation degrees within the Seram Basin with the biodegradation degree tends to increase and more destructive to Bula Field which is situated in the northern part of the basin. The biodegradation pattern is linked to hydrocarbon generation and migration history. The Neogene deformation in eastern Indonesia is interpreted to be responsible for the different biodegradation process within Seram Basin. This process should be well understood and not be neglected during petroleum exploration, especially in eastern Indonesia. This study shows that such simple process has a deep meaning on the petroleum system history, especially the hydrocarbon preservation in the reservoir.
Factors Affecting Selection of Rice among the Consumer in Shah Alam, Selangor
Authors: Ab Samat N H , Saili A R , Yusop Z , Abdul Fatah F , Aziz A S A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present study was conducted to identify the factors that affect consumers’ rice selection in Shah Alam, Malaysia. A set of structured questionnaires were distributed to 400 respondents in Shah Alam, Selangor through a convenient sampling method. The descriptive method was used to analysed the quantitative data. The findings have identified several factors other than the ones listed in the 4P Theory that can affect the purchasing behaviour for rice among the population. In specific, price, health consciousness, perceived quality (e.g., aroma, taste, cooking duration, and easiness), and informative packaging are the factors identified. The findings also revealed that the price factor is the main factor influencing consumers’ selection of rice which was followed by health consciousness and perceived quality factors, whereas the packaging is the least influencing factor. Moreover, this study has found that the consumers are satisfied with their selection of rice in the market and the marketers must strengthen their marketing strategy to make the consumer stay loyal to their choices. Regarding the marketers, they must strengthen and developed more comprehensive approaches to attract consumers in buying locally produced rice rather than the imported ones.
Performance of dehumidifier drying machine for soybean seeds drying
Authors: Susilo B , Hermanto M B , Damayanti R , Putri E D E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The number of soybean consumption in Indonesia has increased every year. However, the amount of domestic production is still insufficient and continues to decline, so imports must be carried out. A strategy used to increase soybean production is by using a good quality of seeds. Drying with low relative humidity can reduce the drying temperature so that the quality of the seeds is maintained. A performance test was conducted by a dehumidifier drying machine with the temperature of 30°C, 40°C, 50°C and oven drying as control at 40°C. Drying was carried out until the moisture content reach 10-11% with every 30 minutes observations. The result showed that the dehumidifier drying machine gave constant air temperature and relative humidity at the drying chamber during the drying period. Duration of drying at the temperature of 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, and control was 7 hours; 6 hours; 3 hours; and 7.5 hours respectively. The application of a dehumidifier drying machine can reduce humidity up to 54% so that soybean drying can run faster than oven drying. A germination test could reach 87.96% in dehumidifier drying at 40°C which is higher than the control. This result showed that dehumidifier drying did not cause significant damage to soybean seeds.
Assessment on Different Formulation of EM1 on Soil Microbial Population Planted with Capsicum annuum
Authors: Hasbullah P N A , Sulaiman N S , Nor M N M 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Microorganism plays an important role in our life as it helps decompose organic matter into simpler substances to create the natural and ecosystem balance cycle. In the agriculture sector, microorganisms are vital for the soil to harmonize soil to become more fertile. However, the excessive use of chemical fertilizer has made the soil change its biological, chemical, and physical properties and has led to the number one pollution from the agriculture sector to the world. Thus, effective microorganisms use as biofertilizers have gained world attention to practice sustainable agriculture. To study the effects of different formulations of effective microorganisms on microbial populations of chili crops, the experiment was carried out using Complete Randomized Design based on three treatments using different EM and one control using chemical fertilizer with three replications. The control (T0) was AB fertilizer, treatment 2 (T2) was Tapioca EM, treatment 3 (T3) was Rice EM, and treatment 4 (T4) was Bread EM. The chili varieties use Kulai 461 and the EM fertilizer (3ml of different EM + 10ml unchlorinated water) and AB fertilizer (3ml of AB fertilizer + 10ml of unchlorinated water) were applied once a week till week 5. The parameters used in this study were plant height, number of leaves, the diameter of leaves, soil pH, percent of soil organic matter, and microbial population. In this experiment, AB fertilizer (T0) has domain the plant growth development, but it shows the least result for the soil analysis and the microbial population in the soil. On the other hand, using Rice EM fertilizer (T2) shows significantly greater soil analysis and the microbial population is better. The result shows that soil amended with EM fertilizer improves the soil’s microbial population, harmonizes the soil, and creates sustainable agriculture.
Application of Machine Learning to Study Effect of Environmental Manipulation in Frame of Smart Agriculture on the Stomata of Capsicum annuum
Authors: Putra G M D , Sutiarso L , Nugroho A P , Ngadisih  , Chaer M S I 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Red chili (Capsicum Annuum) is a horticultural crop with high economic value and is one of the commodities contributing to inflation. This study aimed to explore the effect of environment manipulation on the number and the size of the stomata pore of red chili leaves. The study was conducted in screen house size 60 m2. Chili plants 95 days old were cultivated in the polybag and the stomata were measured 60 days after planting. Microclimate condition was recorded using automatic weather equipment. The crop water requirements were calculated using Penman-Monteith based on microclimate data. The stomata of leaves were observed in laboratory using by using a microscope mounted with an Opti-lab 2.2 camera. The Artificial Neural Network was applied to understand the role of microclimate parameters on stomata. The results showed that the average ETc value was 5.06 mm/day. The difference in ETc values occurs due to differences in plant coefficient values and climatic conditions in the study area and the seasons in the region. The largest porous stomata area was found in the afternoon, which is 144.88 µm2. The highest stomatal density the morning and afternoon between 284.94 mm-2-330.541 mm-2. The algorithm multilayer perception test revealed that the light factor was the most significant influence on the stomatal response of 0.463 (100%), followed by the humidity factor of 0.260 (56.1%). Other factors are under 50%.
Stomatal and photosynthetic responses of soybean with two types of mulch under different soil water conditions
Authors: Oue H , Mon M M , Irsyad F , Utami A S , Zaw Y 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Soybean was planted in clay pots with living mulch of white clover (CL) or shredded paper mulch (SP). Soil moisture in the pots was individually controlled at five levels from around 20% of volumetric soil water content (SWC) to near-saturated, by monitoring SWC every morning and irrigating intermittently. This study focussed on the growth period of the soybean when plant height and LAI reached around maximum. The lower evapotranspiration (ET) and lower stomatal conductance (gs) of the soybean in lower SWC with both SP and CL were caused by water stress. The significantly higher ET but lower gs for CL compared with SP at the same SWC levels revealed that the soybean with CL competed with the clover for water and that the clover extracted water even at the lower SWC. The lowest electron transport rate (ETR) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) at the lowest SWC level with both SP and CL were regarded as being caused by water stress, under which the thermal dissipation processes could not be activated under strong light with photoinhibition. The lower ETR and the higher NPQ under the low PPFD condition for CL compared with SP could be interpreted as the soybean with CL having both water and nutrient stresses, even under the low PPFD condition, but the soybean with CL activated NPQ to protect PhSII by reaching the maximum NPQ under lower PPFD compared with the soybean with SP. The lower photosynthetic rate (P) of the soybean at the lower SWC level for both SP and CL resulted from the lower gs and ETR caused by water stress. The lower P for CL compared with SP at the same SWC level resulted from the lower gs and ETR and severer photoinhibition despite the activated function of NPQ caused by the water stress and by the nutrient stress.
Effect of Water Saving Irrigation Method on Physical-Chemical Characteristics of Local Rice
Authors: Fahmy K , Yanti D , Permata D A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Water-saving irrigation solves the water problem in rice cultivation. Where, the problem of drought due to climatic factors and competition in the use of air between sectors makes the main air requirement for rice plants. The quality of the grain affects the quality of rice as the raw material, while the cultivation technique, climate, and biotic and abiotic inspections affect the quality of the grain. This study aims to determine the physical-chemical characteristics of rice with water-saving irrigation applications. The study used 5 treatments of water availability in the field, namely less than 50% of available water, 50%-60% of available water, 60% -70% of available water, 70% -80% of available water, saturated and ach treatment three replications. Physical properties observed are head rice, broken rice, and groats. Chemical properties analyzed were amylose content, moisture content, ash content, fat content and protein content. Based on the analysis, it is known that the availability of water in the land during the plant growth period affects the chemical properties of the rice of the Bujang Marantau variety and based on the specifications for the quality requirements of rice (SNI 6128: 2015) it is included in the medium quality class 1.
Utilization of pregelatinized sago starch in deep-fried snacks
Authors: Fitriani S , Yusmarini  , Riftyan E , Saputra E , Wulandari E 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Pregelatinization of sago starch is made through a process involving water and heat to breakdown all or part of the granules and then dried, which will result in pregelatinization of starch. This study aims to determine the best formulation of pregelatinized sago starch and wheat flour on chemical and sensory properties and oil absorption in deep-fried snacks. This research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design with five levels and three replications. The treatment in this study was the ratio of wheat flour and pregelatinized sago starch (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100). The data obtained were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and continued with Duncan multiple range test at a level of 5%. The results showed that the ratio of pregelatinized sago starch and wheat flour had a significant effect on all parameters. The best treatment was wheat flour: pregelatinized sago starch = 25:75, with moisture content of 12.70%, protein content of 8.43%, fat content of 27.99%, oil absorption ability of 10.20%, decreased oil 75.87%. Descriptive test showed that the snack model had a brownish yellow color, slightly soft, slightly oily, and hedonically was slightly favoured by panelists. Pregelatinized sago starch can reduce oil absorption in deep-fried snacks.
The Effect of Incubation Time to The Activity of Lipase Produced by Bacillus thuringiensis on Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Dregs
Authors: Murtius W S , Hari P D , Putri I N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of incubation time to the lipase activity produced by Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria on coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) dregs. This research used explorative method with observations carried out over incubation time of 15 hours, 20 hours, 25 hours, 30 hours and 35 hours. The observation were the activity of lipase, lipase characterization and protein value of crude lipase. The result showed that the incubation time had an effect on the lipase activity with value of 2 U / ml (15 hours), 2.16 U / ml (20 hours), 2.33 U / ml (25 hours), 2, 66 U / ml (30 hours) and 2.5 U / ml (35 hours). The result characteristic of lipase showed optimum temperature and pH of 40°C and pH 7, subsequently, protein value of lipase activity were 15 hours 0.504166 mg / ml, 20 hours 0.582083 mg / ml, 25 hours 0.652083 mg / ml, 30 hours 0.703750 mg / ml, and 35 hours 0.5322915 mg / ml. The optimum protein value was reached after 30 hours of incubation.
Synthesis of Microcrystalline Cellulose at Several Variations in Alpha-Cellulose Hydrolysis Time from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Microwave Pre-treatment
Authors: Kasim F , Asben  
Published: July 2022

Abstract
MCC was synthesized from alpha-cellulose from microwave pretreated OPEFB. This study aims to determine the effect of microwave pre-treatment on changes in the cellulose and lignin content of OPEFB fibers and to synthesize MCC from OPEFB alpha-cellulose pretreated with microwaves. The method used in this research is exploration with 4 hydrolysis time treatments (10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes) with 3 replications. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis. From the results of the study obtained differences in the levels of cellulose and lignin of EFB fiber before and after microwave pre-treatment. OPEFB fiber that has been pretreated has a higher cellulose content and lower lignin content than without pre-treatment. The yield and brightness level of the synthesized MCC color were different in each treatment. MCC obtained from the hydrolysis of alpha-cellulose for 10 minutes using 45% H2SO4 had the highest yield of 31.22% and the brightest color. Meanwhile, the lowest MCC yield was found in the hydrolysis treatment of alpha-cellulose for 40 minutes, namely 25.37% with a low brightness level. Furthermore, the color and texture of the MCC obtained from the best treatment was the same as that of the commercial Avicel MCC.
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of Methanolic Extract of Fimbristylis dichotoma and Fimbristylis miliacea
Authors: Ramli N W , Zain W Z W M , Wahab M Z Ab , Hamid N , Abdullah N A , Zamanhuri N 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Fimbristylis genus had commonly found as a dominant weed in the rice fields. The sedges have been identified as one of the invasive weed in the world and their undesirable presence disturb the growth of the crop. The presence of secondary metabolites, on the other hand, revealed that this plant is capable of a wide range of biological activities. Therefore, this study focused on the phytochemistry, antioxidant and antifungal properties of 2 weeds in the genus Fimbristylis. The methanol extracts of 2 species; Fimbristylis miliacea and Fimbristylis dichotoma were screened for phytochemical, antioxidant and antifungal activity. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponin, terpenoid, phenolic and flavonoid. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The extracts have significant antioxidant activity with values of IC50 = 250.67 μg/ml (F. miliacea) and 213.72 μg/ml (F. dichotoma). Antifungal activity was validated by dual culture test; minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) using crude methanol extract 10mg/mL. The percentage of inhibition radial growth (PIRG) value by dual culture test against Colletotrichum spp for F. miliacea was 42.67%, and F. dichotoma was 38.33%. For MIC and MFC test, the lowest values against the plant pathogenic fungi showed at 1.25 mg/mL and 2.5 mg/mL. From the results, it showed that these extracts have the potential to be develop as natural products in integrated control strategies.
Optimized chemical mechanical polishing of Parylene C for high-density wiring in flexible electronics
Authors: Chen Lang , Xu Han , Han Xiao , Li Peiyue , Zhang Pan , Zhao Haoran , Jin Yufeng , Zhang Jinwen , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With the rapid development of flexible electronics, an increasing number of microfabrication strategies originating from the Si-based integrated circuits field have been explored on organic materials. Parylene C, a polymer, has been widely used in the microelectromechanical systems field because of its outstanding fabrication merits, such as room-temperature processability, conformal coating, and precise thin film deposition capability with the thickness tunable from 1 nm to 100 μm. As a good dielectric material, the Parylene C is also suitable for interlayer dielectrics in flexible electronics. This study develops an optimized chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) technique of Parylene C for high-density redistribution wiring in high-performance flexible electronics. The roughness of the Parylene C surface after CMP was as low as 14.3 ± 1.5 Å. The problems of slurry pollution and mechanical failure of the Parylene film that degrade the dielectric performance of the Parylene C could be avoided by taking the optimized CMP method. The multi-material structure constructed by Parylene C, Silicon and electroplated Copper was prepared and polished using the optimized CMP process. Additionally, a flexible wiring sample has been successfully patterned by the Damascene process through the optimized CMP process. In this sample, both the distance between each wire and the wire width were as small as 5 μm. The optimized Parylene C CMP process is easy-to-realize, highly efficient, low cost, and with minor defects; it provides a promising way to achieve high-density interconnection in high-performance flexible electronic devices.
Topological edge states in dipolar zig-zag stripes
Authors: Mellado Paula 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We study the magnon spectrum of stacked zig-zag chains of point magnetic dipoles with an easy axis. The anisotropy due to the dipolar interactions and the two-point basis of the zig-zag chain unit cell combine to give rise to topologically non-trivial magnon bands in 2D zig-zag lattices. Adjusting the distance between the two sublattice sites in the unit cell causes a band touching, which triggers the exchange of the Chern numbers of volume bands switching the sign of the thermal conductivity and the sense of motion of edges modes in zig-zag stripes. We show that these topological features survive when the range of the dipolar interactions is truncated up to the second nearest neighbors.