bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of self‐care programs on the incidence of diabetes among adults with prediabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Sun Caiyun , Lei Yang , Lin Zheng , Li Sha , Wang Mi , Gu Junyi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo verify the effects of self‐care programs among adults with prediabetes, to identify the preferable structure components and to summarise the core content components of self‐care programs.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Wanfang, CNKI, Chinese Biomedical Database and Open Grey were searched for studies published from January 2002 to December, 2021. Meta‐analysis was conducted to verify the effects of self‐care programs on diabetes incidence. Subgroup analyses based on structure components were performed to contrast the effects. We made a critical analysis to generalise the core elements of content components. The study was reported according to PRISMA statement.ResultsTotally, 15 studies were included in systematic review, of which 14 studies were eligible for meta‐analysis. The results of meta‐analysis showed the incidence of diabetes for prediabetic adults receiving self‐care programs was significantly lower than those who received usual care (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.73). The results of subgroup analyses based on delivery mode, intervention implementer, health education brochures provided, and follow‐up duration showed statistically significant reduction in incidence compared with control group (p < .05). However, the differences of these pair‐wise comparisons (face‐to‐face or remote, individual or interdisciplinary team, with or without brochures provided, ≤1 year or >1 year) were not statistically significant (p > .05). Three core content elements were generalised: cognitive education, behaviour guidance and psychological support.ConclusionsSelf‐care programs can effectively delay the progression of prediabetes to diabetes. Regardless of the diversified structure components, self‐care programs can achieve better effects on the diabetes incidence than usual care, while the optimal structure components still remain unknown. Cognitive education, behaviour guidance and psychological support are core elements for these programs.Relevance to clinical practiceMore clinical trials with rigorous study design are needed to provide further evidence.
Walling in and Walling out: Middle Managers' Boundary Work
Authors: Azambuja Ricardo , Islam Gazi , Ancelin‐Bourguignon Annick 
Published: June 2022

AbstractLiterature around middle management has highlighted the importance of intra‐organizational boundaries, focusing on the in‐betweenness and fluidity of middle‐managerial roles and practices. Yet, this literature has largely focused on the crossing of largely stable, monolithic boundaries, placing less emphasis on the plurality of emerging boundaries and the ways in which they are constructed. Focusing on boundaries as the outcomes of, rather than only as constraints upon, everyday practices, we conduct an ethnographic study across multiple sites of a Brazilian audit firm, examining middle managers' construction, maintenance and adjustment of boundaries. Drawing upon ethnographic fieldnotes and 155 formal interviews, our study reveals how middle managers fluidly manipulate boundaries' visibility and permeability to achieve specific purposes, and how different configurations of these elements generate various boundary work practices, which we describe as barricade, façade, taboo and phantom boundary work. Moreover, we show the dual orientation of middle managers' boundary work – both obstructing and facilitating boundary‐crossing – demonstrating that, in contrast to prior research, both orientations can be enacted by the same actor according to his or her purposes. By doing so, we contribute to scholarship exploring agency and plasticity as the key issues linking the existing literature on middle management with that on boundary work.
Adenotonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children: The impact of timing of surgery and post‐operative outcomes
Authors: Schneuer Francisco J , Bell Katy JL , Dalton Chris , Elshaug Adam , Nassar Natasha 
Published: June 2022

AimTo investigate the impact of adenotonsillectomy (ADT) and adenoidectomy (AD) on child health and evaluated their post‐operative complications.MethodsWe included all children aged <16 years undergoing ADT (tonsillectomy ± adenoidectomy) or AD in New South Wales, Australia, 2008–2017. Health information was obtained from administrative hospitalisation data. Rates of post‐operative complications and reoperation were evaluated using generalised estimating equations and Kaplan–Meier methods, respectively.ResultsOut of 156 500 included children, 112 361 had ADT and 44 139 had AD. Population rates increased during 2008–2017 (ADT: 68–79 per 10 000 children; AD: 25–34 per 10 000), and children were increasingly operated on at a younger age. Overall, 7262 (6.5%) and 1276 (2.9%) children had post‐operative complications (mostly haemorrhage), and 4320 (3.8%) and 5394 (12.2%) required reoperation, following ADT and AD, respectively. Complication rates were highest among children aged 0–1 years, lowest for those 2–5 years and increased with age thereafter. Three‐year reoperation rates for children aged 0–1 years were 9.0% and 25.9% following ADT and AD, respectively, decreasing thereafter to 0.5% and 2.1% in children aged 12–13 years.ConclusionsADT and AD in Australian children have both increased in frequency and are being done at a younger age. Post‐operative complications and reoperation rates highlight surgery is not without risk, especially for children under 2 years old. These findings support a more conservative approach to management of upper respiratory symptoms, with surgery reserved for cases where potential benefits are most likely to outweigh harms.
Metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis for high-level production of uridine from glucose
Authors: Wang C. , Xu J. , Ban R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
As an intermediate in drug synthesis, uridine has practical applications in the pharmaceutical field. Bacillus subtilis is used as a host to boost uridine yield by manipulating its uridine biosynthesis pathway. In this study, we engineered a high-uridine-producing strain of B. subtilis by modifying its metabolic pathways in vivo. Overexpression of the aspartate ammonia-lyase (ansB) gene increased the relative transcriptional level of ansB in B. subtilis TD320 by 13·18 times and improved uridine production to 15·13 g l−1 after 72-h fermentation. Overexpression of the putative 6-phosphogluconolactonase (ykgB) gene increased uridine production by the derivative strain TD325 to 15·43 g l−1. Reducing the translation of the amido phosphoribosyl transferase (purF) gene and inducing expression of the subtilisin E (aprE) gene resulted in a 1·99-fold increase in uridine production after 24 h shaking. Finally, uridine production in the optimal strain B. subtilis TD335, which exhibited reduced urease expression, reached 17·9 g l−1 with a yield of 314 mg of uridine g−1 glucose. To our knowledge, this is the first study to obtain high-yield uridine-producing B. subtilis in a medium containing only three components (80 g l−1 glucose, 20 g l−1 yeast powder, and 20 g l−1 urea).
Target insertion depth of nasopharyngeal temperature probes in children: A prospective observational study analyzing magnetic resonance images
Authors: Miller Clemens , Bräuer Anselm , Asendorf Thomas , Ernst Marielle , von Gottberg Philipp , Richter Juliane , Saager Leif , Nemeth Marcus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCore temperature monitoring is indispensable to prevent children from perioperative thermal perturbations. Although nasopharyngeal measurements are commonly used in anesthesia and considered to reflect core temperature accurately, standardized target depths for probe insertion are unknown in children.AimsOur primary goal was to determine a target depth of nasopharyngeal temperature probe insertion in children by measuring distances on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Secondary aims were to correlate these measurements with biometric variables and facial landmark‐distances to derive formulas estimating target depth.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study in children ≤12 years undergoing cranial MRI with anesthesia. We documented patient characteristics and measured the landmark‐distances nostril‐mandible, nostril‐tragus, and philtrum‐tragus on patient's faces. On MRI, the target point for the probe tip was considered to be the site of the nasopharyngeal mucosa with the closest proximity to the internal carotid artery. After its determination in the transverse axis and triangulation to the sagittal axis, we measured the distance to the nostril. This distance, defined as target insertion depth, was correlated with the patient characteristics and used for univariate and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsOne hundred twenty children with a mean age of 4.5 years were included. The target insertion depth ranged from 61.8 mm in infants to 89.8 mm in 12‐year‐old children. Height correlated best (ρ = 0.685, 95%‐CI: [0.57–0.77]). The best‐fit estimation in millimeters, “40.8 + height [cm] × 0.32,″ would lead to a placement in the target position in 67% of cases. A simplified approach by categories of 50–80, 80–110, 110–130, and >130 cm height with target insertion depths of 60, 70, 80, and 85 mm, respectively, achieved similar probabilities.ConclusionsHeight‐based formulas could be a valuable proxy for the insertion depth of nasopharyngeal temperature probes. Further clinical trials are necessary to investigate their measurement accuracy.
A novel kinase subverts aluminium resistance by boosting ornithine decarboxylase‐dependent putrescine biosynthesis
Authors: Liu Xiang P. , Gao Li J. , She Ben T. , Li Gui X. , Wu Yun R. , Xu Ji M. , Ding Zhong J. , Ma Jian F. , Zheng Shao J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRice, as one of the most aluminium (Al)‐resistant cereal crops, has developed more complicated Al resistance mechanisms than others. By using forward genetic screening from a rice ethyl methanesulfonate mutant library, we obtained a mutant showing specifically high sensitivity to Al. Through MutMap analysis followed by a complementation test, we identified the causal gene, Al‐related Protein Kinase (ArPK) for Al‐sensitivity. ArPK expression was induced by a relatively longer exposure to high Al concentration in the roots. The result of RNA‐sequencing indicated the functional disorder in arginine metabolism pathway with downregulation of N‐acetylornithine deacetylase (NAOD) expression and upregulation of Ornithine decarboxylase1 (ODC1) expression in arpk mutant. Al specifically and rapidly upregulated ODC1 expression and causes overaccumulation of putrescine (Put), whereas the ODC inhibitor difluoromethylornithine reverted Al‐sensitive phenotype of arpk, suggesting that overaccumulation of endogenous Put might be harmful for root growth, and that ArPK seems to act as an endogenous inhibitor of ODC1 action to maintain suitable endogenous Put level under Al treatment. Overall, we identified ArPK and its putative repressive role in controlling a novel ODC‐dependent Put biosynthesis pathway specifically affecting rice Al resistance, thus enriching the fundamental understanding of plant Al resistance.
Hybrid food networks and sustainability transitions: Shared and contested values and practices in food relocalisation and resocialisation
Authors: Zollet Simona 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProcesses of food relocalisation and resocialisation occurring within alternative food networks (AFNs) are seen as fundamental to fostering sustainability transitions in agro‐food systems. Criticism of the alternative‐conventional dualism typical of much AFN literature, however, has resulted in the emergence of the concept of hybrid food networks. This article looks at the Japanese context to critically engage with current debates on relocalisation, resocialisation and hybridity, particularly regarding the conditions under which they can serve as a means of transitioning towards more sustainable food systems. The study employs a qualitative approach to explore the interplay between the values and practices of small‐scale organic farmers with those of mainstream agro‐food actors operating in hybrid food spaces. The findings highlight two characteristics of hybrid contexts where actors characterised by different degrees of alternativeness ‘share space’ in the local food system: first, the tensions and contrasting meanings that emerge in the practice of food relocalisation and resocialisation; second, the way in which institutional efforts to relocalise food consumption co‐opt and dilute more radically transformative projects but at the same time can rapidly amplify incremental changes connected to the uptake of more sustainable practices.
The effect of improving solid waste collection on waste disposal behaviour and exposure to environmental risk factors in urban low‐income communities in Pakistan
Authors: Schmidt Wolf‐Peter , Haider Irfan , Hussain Musarat , Safdar Mahpara , Mustafa Farooq , Massey Terrill , Angelo Gerald , Williams Mari , Gower Richard , Hasan Zoone , Sharma Waddington Hugh , Anjum Nomana , Biran Adam 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the effect of improving waste collection services on waste disposal behaviour and exposure to environmental risk factors in urban, low‐income communities in Pakistan.MethodsWe enrolled six low‐income communities in Islamabad (Pakistan), four of which received an intervention consisting of a door‐to‐door low‐cost waste collection service with centralised waste processing and recycling sites. Intervention communities underwent community‐level and household‐level mobilisation. The effect of the intervention on waste disposal behaviour, exposure to waste and synanthropic fly counts was measured using two cross‐sectional surveys in 180 households per community.ResultsIntervention communities had less favourable socio‐economic indicators and poorer access to waste disposal services at baseline than control communities. Use of any waste collection service increased from 5% to 49% in the intervention communities (difference 44%, 95% CI 41%, 48%), but the increase was largely confined to two communities where post‐intervention coverage exceeded 80% and 90%, respectively. An increase in the use of waste collection services was also found in the two control communities (from 21% to 67%, difference 47%, 95% CI 41%, 53%). Fly counts decreased by about 60% in the intervention communities (rate ratio 0.4, 95% CI 0.3, 0.4) but not in the control communities (rate ratio 1.52, 95% CI 1.1, 2.2). The decrease in fly counts was largely confined to the two high‐coverage intervention communities.ConclusionIntroduction of a low‐cost waste collection service has the potential for high uptake in low‐income communities and for decreasing the exposure to waste and synanthropic flies at household level. Intervention success was constrained by low uptake in half of the intervention communities.
Action potential amplitude and baroreflex resetting of action potential clusters mediate hypoxia‐induced sympathetic long‐term facilitation
Authors: Shafer Brooke M. , Incognito Anthony V. , Vermeulen Tyler D. , Nardone Massimo , Teixeira André L. , Klassen Stephen A. , Millar Philip J. , Foster Glen E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBaroreflex resetting permits sympathetic long‐term facilitation (sLTF) following hypoxia; however, baroreflex control of action potential (AP) clusters and AP recruitment patterns facilitating sLTF is unknown. We hypothesized that baroreflex resetting of arterial pressure operating points (OPs) of AP clusters and recruitment of large‐amplitude APs would mediate sLTF following hypoxia. Eight men (age: 24 (3) years; body mass index: 24 (3) kg/m2) underwent 20 min isocapnic hypoxia (: 47 (2) mmHg) and 30 min recovery. Multi‐unit microneurography (muscle sympathetic nerve activity; MSNA) and a continuous wavelet transform with matched mother wavelet was used to detect sympathetic APs during baseline, hypoxia, early (first 5 min), and late recovery (last 5 min). AP amplitude (normalized to largest baseline AP amplitude), percentage APs occurring outside a MSNA burst (percentage asynchronous APs), and proportion of APs firing in small (1–3), medium (4–6) and large (7–10) normalized cluster sizes was calculated. Normalized clusters were used to assess baroreflex OPs and sensitivity. Hypoxia increased total MSNA activity, which remained elevated during recovery (P < 0.0001). Baroreflex OPs were shifted rightward for all clusters in recovery, with no effect on slope. Compared to baseline, AP amplitude was elevated by 3 (2)% and 4 (2)% while asynchronous APs were reduced by 9 (5)% and 7 (6)% in early and late recovery, respectively. In early recovery, the proportion of APs firing in large clusters was increased compared to baseline. Hypoxia‐induced sLTF is mediated by baroreflex resetting of AP clusters to higher OPs, reduced asynchronous AP firing, and increased contribution from large‐amplitude APs.
imageKey points
Acute isocapnic hypoxia resets the arterial baroreflex and permits long‐lasting sympathoexcitation, termed sympathetic long‐term facilitation.
Our understanding of sympathetic long‐term facilitation following hypoxia in humans is based on multiunit muscle sympathetic nerve activity and does not fully characterize the underlying baroreflex control of sympathetic neuronal subpopulations or their discharge/recruitment strategies.
We show that sympathetic long‐term facilitation is mediated by baroreflex resetting of sympathetic action potential clusters to higher arterial pressure operating points, a reduction in the percentage of action potentials firing asynchronously, and a shift toward larger amplitude action potential activity.
The results advance our fundamental understanding of how the sympathetic nervous system mediates sympathetic long‐term facilitation following exposure to acute isocapnic hypoxia in humans.
STUDY OF THE BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GLYCOSYLATED RECOMBINANT XYLANASE
Authors: Kiribayeva A. , Silayev D. , Abdullayeva A. , Ramankulov Ye. , Khassenov B. 
Published: June 2022

The main renewable source of energy and raw materials on Earth is plant biomass, most of which consists of plant cell wall polymers: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Hemicelluloses are divided into three main types: xylans, mannans and arabinogalactans. Xylan is the second most abundant carbohydrate in nature after cellulose. The specific enzymes that hydrolyze xylan into xylooligosaccharides and D-xylose are xylanases. Prospective xylanases are enzymes derived from bacteria and mycelial fungi. Bacterial xylanases are characterized by high unitary activity, and additional manose chains can significantly increase the stability of the enzyme protein globule. Obtaining a glycosylated variant of bacillary xylanase, which are known for their high specific activity, seems promising.
The Bacillus sonorensis T6 xylanase gene was cloned and expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The recombinant xylanase was isolated and purified. The biochemical characteristics of the glycosylated recombinant xylanase were studied. It was found that the recombinant xylanase had maximum activity at 47-50°C and pH 6.0. The Km, Vmax and Kcat values are 3.037 ± 0.362 (mg/ml), 667.8 ± 31 (units/mg) and 100.3 ± 4.6 (s-1), respectively. The unitary activity of the recombinant enzyme is 873.8 units/mg. The glycosylated recombinant xylanase was found to have high temperature stability and retained 47% activity after a 2-hour incubation at 55°C. In addition to temperature stability, recombinant xylanase showed high pH stability - 10 h incubation in buffers with pH 3-11 did not decrease the activity. The effect of metal ions, detergents, and organic solvents on the activity of recombinant glycosylated xylanase was studied.
The high biochemical parameters of recombinant glycosylated xylanase from Bacillus sonorensis T6 suggest that this enzyme is promising for use in the biotechnology and food industry.
A randomised controlled trial of fluoxetine versus naltrexone in compulsive sexual behaviour disorder: presentation of the study protocol
Authors: Savard Josephine , Görts Öberg Katarina , Dhejne Cecilia , Jokinen Jussi 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundCompulsive sexual behaviour disorder is a new disorder in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), and is associated with negative consequences in different areas of life. Evidence for pharmacological treatment of compulsive sexual behaviour disorder is weak and treatment options are limited. This proposed study will be the largest and the first randomised controlled trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of two active drugs in compulsive sexual behaviour disorder.Methods and analysisEighty adult participants with compulsive sexual behaviour disorder according to ICD-11 will be randomised to receive either naltrexone 25–50 mg or fluoxetine 20–40 mg for 8 weeks, followed by 6 weeks without treatment. The study will be conducted in a subspecialised outpatient sexual medicine unit at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. The study is financed by grants and entirely independent of the manufacturers.Exclusion criteria include severe psychiatric or psychical illness, changes to concurrent medication and non-compatible factors contraindicating the use of either drug. The primary outcome measure is the Hypersexual Disorder: Current Assessment Scale (HD: CAS), and tolerability will be assessed by the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser side effect rating scale (UKU), drug accountability, adherence to treatment and drop-out rate. Participants will complete questionnaires at regular intervals, with the main endpoint for efficacy after 8 weeks (end of treatment) and after 14 weeks (follow-up). Blood chemistry will be repeatedly collected as a safety precaution and for research purposes. The results will be analysed using an appropriate analysis of variance model or a mixed model, depending on the distribution of HD: CAS and the extent of missing data.Ethics and disseminationThe Swedish Ethical Review Authority and the Swedish Medical Products Agency have approved the study on 27 May 2020 and 4 June 2020, respectively (ref. no. 2020-02069 and ref. no. 5.1-2020-48282). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences.Trial registration number2019-004255-36