bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and Control of diabetes - tuberculosis comorbidity in Eswatini: protocol for the prospective study of tuberculosis patients on predictive factors, treatment outcomes and patient management practices
Authors: Williams Victor , Vos Alinda , Otwombe Kennedy , Grobbee Diederick E , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionPrevious studies indicate people with diabetes mellitus (DM) may have varying treatment outcomes when receiving treatment for tuberculosis (TB) and that TB infection or its treatment may predispose them to develop an abnormal blood glucose or type 2 DM. This has implications for Eswatini which is a high TB burden country and with increasing cases of non-communicable diseases including DM. This study will describe the epidemiology of DM-TB comorbidity in a prospective cohort of patients receiving TB treatment and identify best practices for integration of care for non-communicable diseases into TB services in Eswatini.Methods and analysisThis study will employ a mixed-methods approach. Data from a prospective cohort of newly enrolled patients with TB at 12 health facilities from 1 June 2022 to 30 September 2022, and followed up to 30 April 2023, will be used. For the qualitative, key informants who provide TB services at the health facilities will be interviewed. Quantitative data from patients will be analysed descriptively and by tests of association and multivariate modelling. Key informant interviews from healthcare workers will be analysed using content analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis research has been approved by the Eswatini Health and Human Research Review Board and participant confidentiality will be maintained. COVID-19 safety measures to reduce the risk of infection or transmission by researchers and participants have been instituted. Key programmatic findings and how they can impact healthcare delivery and access will be presented to the specific programme in the Eswatini Ministry of Health and other relevant stakeholders.
Impact of a pharmaceutical care service for patients with rheumatoid arthritis using a customised mobile device (the PROUD trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Park Ji-Eun , Lee Ju-Eun , Moon Bo-Kyung , Lee Hwajeong , Park Sung-Hoon , Kim Seong-Kyu , Choe Jung-Yoon , Kim Ji-Won , Song Yun-Kyoung 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) generally requires lifelong treatment; however, its medication complexity might affect non-adherence. Pharmacist-led telehealth services were as effective as face-to-face services and reduced potential side effects in outpatients with chronic diseases. This study aims to analyse the effect of a telepharmacy service with a customised mobile device in comparison with the usual pharmacist service on the humanistic and clinical outcomes in patients with RA.Methods and analysisThe study is designed as a prospective, randomised, open-label, and controlled trial to compare the humanistic and clinical outcomes of the pharmaceutical care service with monthly telecommunications and a customised mobile application (telepharmacy care group) against the usual service by community pharmacists (usual care group) in 256 patients with RA and prescribed at least one of the disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Participants will be recruited from a tertiary hospital in Republic of Korea with written informed consent. The primary outcome will be the changes in health-related quality of life as measured by the Korean version of the EuroQoL’s five-dimensional questionnaire at 6 months compared with baseline. The secondary outcomes will be the changes in the following: scores of the Korean version of the Compliance Questionnaire-Rheumatology and medication knowledge at 3 and 6 months compared with baseline; scores of the Korean version of the Pharmacy Service Questionnaire at 6 months compared with baseline; clinical parameters such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein level, and pain score at 3 and 6 months compared with baseline; frequency of acute care utilisation over 6 months. Analysis will be carried out with intent-to-treat and per-protocol principles.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Daegu Catholic University Medical Center (IRB no. CR-21-082-L, 14 July 2021). The study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberKCT0006508.
High-pressure NIV for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in COPD: improved survival in a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hedsund Caroline , Nilsson Philip Mørkeberg , Hoyer Nils , Rasmussen Daniel Bech , Holm Claire Præst , Sonne Tine Peick , Jensen Jens-Ulrik Stæhr , Wilcke Jon Torgny 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionUpdated treatment guidelines for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in 2016 recommended a rapid increase in inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) to 20 cm H2O with possible further increase for patients not responding. Previous guidelines from 2006 suggested a more conservative algorithm and maximum IPAP of 20 cm H2O.AimTo determine whether updated guidelines recommending higher IPAP during NIV were related with improved outcome in patients with COPD admitted with AHRF, compared with NIV with lower IPAP.MethodsA retrospective cohort study comparing patients with COPD admitted with AHRF requiring NIV in 2012–2013 and 2017–2018.Results101 patients were included in the 2012–2013 cohort with low IPAP regime and 80 patients in the 2017–2018 cohort with high IPAP regime. Baseline characteristics, including age, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), pH and PaCO2at initiation of NIV, were comparable. Median IPAP in the 2012–2013 cohort was 12 cm H2O (IQR 10–14) and 20 cm H2O (IQR 18-24) in the 2017–2018 cohort (p<0.001). In-hospital mortality was 40.5% in the 2012–2013 cohort and 13.8% in the 2017–2018 cohort (p<0.001). The 30-days and 1-year mortality were significantly lower in the 2017–2018 cohort. With a Cox model 1 year survival analysis, adjusted for age, sex, FEV1and pH at NIV initiation, the HR was 0.45 (95% CI 0.27 to 0.74, p=0.002).ConclusionShort-term and long-term survival rates were substantially higher in the cohort treated with higher IPAP. Our data support the current strategy of rapid increase and higher pressure.
Terms tobacco users employ to describe e-cigarette aerosol
Authors: Ebrahimi Kalan Mohammad , Lazard Allison J , Sheldon Jennifer Mendel , Whitesell Callie , Hall Marissa G , Ribisl Kurt M , Brewer Noel T 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe scientific term for the substance people inhale and exhale from a vaping device is ‘aerosol’, but whether the public uses this term is unclear. To inform tobacco control communication efforts, we sought to understand what tobacco users call e-cigarette aerosols.MethodsParticipants were a national convenience sample of 1628 US adults who used e-cigarettes, cigarettes or both (dual users). In an online survey, conducted in spring 2021, participants described what ‘people inhale and exhale when they vape’, using an open-ended and then a closed-ended response scale. Participants then evaluated warning statements, randomly assigned to contain the term ‘aerosol’ or ‘vapor‘ (eg, ‘E-cigarette aerosol/vapor contains nicotine, which can lead to seizures’).ResultsIn open-ended responses, tobacco users most commonly provided the terms ‘vapor’ (31%) and ‘smoke’ (23%) but rarely ‘aerosol’ (<1%). In closed-ended responses, the most commonly endorsed terms were again ‘vapor’ (57%) and ‘smoke’ (22%) but again infrequently ‘aerosol’ (2%). In closed-ended responses, use of the term ‘vapor’ was more common than other terms among people who were older; white; gay, lesbian or bisexual; college educated; or vape users only (allp<0.05). In the experiment, warnings using the terms ‘aerosol’ and ‘vapor’ were equally effective (allp>0.05).ConclusionsThe public rarely uses the term ‘aerosol’ to describe e-cigarette output, potentially complicating educational efforts that use the term. Future studies should explore public knowledge and understanding of the terms ‘aerosol’ and the more popular ‘vapor’ to better inform vaping risk communication.
Use of two novel trailer types for transportation of pigs to slaughter. I. Effects on trailer microclimate, pig behaviour, physiological response, and meat quality under Canadian summer conditions
Authors: Moak Kyle A.T. , Bergeron Renée , Conte Sabine , Bohrer Benjamin M. , Arrazola Aitor , Devillers Nicolas , Faucitano Luigi 
Published: June 2022

A total of 3366 pigs were transported to slaughter in summer (six replicates/trailer type; July-August in southwestern Ontario) using three trailers: a modified triple-deck pot-belly (MPB), an advanced flat-deck (AFD), and a standard pot-belly (SPB). Within trailers, ambient conditions, temperature (T °C), relative humidity (RH%), and temperature-humidity-index (THI), were monitored in three compartments (bottom front, BF, middle deck, MM, and top rear, TR). A total of 162 pigs were selected for the analysis of hematocrit, lactate, and creatine kinase (CK) levels in exsanguination blood and for the evaluation of pork quality as assessed in the longissimus (LM), semimembranosus (SM), and adductor (AD) muscles. The AFD and MPB trailers presented lower ( P < 0.01) T°C and THI compared to the SPB during transit. In the SPB trailer, pigs transported in the MM compartment showed higher ( P < 0.01) blood CK concentrations than those transported in the BF compartment and lower pHu values in the SM and AD muscles ( P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively) than those transported in the TR compartment. Although the AFD trailer design provided a better microclimate for pigs, the improvements in the design of the novel trailers only slightly reduced stress in pigs during summer transits.
Lepton collider probes for Majorana neutrino effective interactions
Authors: Zapata Gabriel , Urruzola Tomás , Sampayo Oscar A. , Duarte Lucía 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe extension of the standard model with new high-scale weakly coupled physics involving right-handed neutrinos in an effective field theory framework (SMNEFT) allows for a systematic study of heavy neutrinos phenomenology in current and future experiments. We exploit the outstanding angular resolution in future lepton colliders to study the sensitivity of forward–backward asymmetries to discover the possible single production of heavy Majorana neutrinos via $$e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow N \nu $$

e
+

e
-

→
N
ν

, followed by a purely leptonic decay $$N \rightarrow \mu ^{-} \mu ^{+} \nu $$

N
→

μ
-

μ
+

ν

or a semi-leptonic decay $$N \rightarrow \mu ^{-} \text {j} \text {j} $$

N
→

μ
-

j

, for masses $$m_N > 50$$

m
N

>
50

GeV. In this regime, we consider the N production and decays to be dominated by scalar and vectorial four-fermion $$d=6$$

d
=
6

single $$N_R$$

N
R

operators. This is an alternative analysis to searches using displaced vertices and fat jets, in a higher mass regime, where the N is short-lived but can be found by the angular distribution of its decay products. We find that a forward–backward asymmetry between the final muons in the pure leptonic decay mode provides a sensitivity up to 12$$\sigma $$
σ
for $$m_N=100$$

m
N

=
100

GeV, for effective couplings $$\alpha =0.2$$

α
=
0.2

and new physics scale $$\Lambda =1$$

Λ
=
1

TeV. In the case of the semi-leptonic decay, we can compare the final muon and higher $$p_T$$

p
T

jet flight directions, again finding up to 12$$\sigma $$
σ
sensitivity to the effective signals.
On the analytically-improved running coupling in QCD
Authors: Brandt F. T. , Frenkel J. , McKeon D. G. C. , Sakoda G. S. S. 
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we examine, in the ’t Hooft renormalization scheme, the analytic running coupling [Formula: see text] in QCD, using the two-loop [Formula: see text]-function with positive expansion parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. An exact integral representation is derived for this causal coupling, which is fully expressed in terms of the imaginary part of the Lambert function [Formula: see text]. This integral form manifestly accounts for the universal value of the infrared limit [Formula: see text].
Edge Computing for Cyber-physical Systems: A Systematic Mapping Study Emphasizing Trustworthiness
Authors: Sánchez José Manuel Gaspar , Jörgensen Nils , Törngren Martin , Inam Rafia , Berezovskyi Andrii , Feng Lei , Fersman Elena , Ramli Muhammad Rusyadi , Tan Kaige 
Published: June 2022

Edge computing is projected to have profound implications in the coming decades, proposed to provide solutions for applications such as augmented reality, predictive functionalities, and collaborative Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). For such applications, edge computing addresses the new computational needs, as well as privacy, availability, and real-time constraints, by providing local high-performance computing capabilities to deal with the limitations and constraints of cloud and embedded systems. Edge computing is today driven by strong market forces stemming from IT/cloud, telecom, and networking—with corresponding multiple interpretations of “edge computing” (e.g., device edge, network edge, distributed cloud). Considering the strong drivers for edge computing and the relative novelty of the field, it becomes important to understand the specific requirements and characteristics of edge-based CPS, and to ensure that research is guided adequately, e.g., avoiding specific gaps.
Our interests lie in the applications of edge computing as part of CPS, where several properties (or attributes) of trustworthiness, including safety, security, and predictability/availability, are of particular concern, each facing challenges for the introduction of edge-based CPS. We present the results of a systematic mapping study, a kind of systematic literature survey, investigating the use of edge computing for CPS with a special emphasis on trustworthiness. The main contributions of this study are a detailed description of the current research efforts in edge-based CPS and the identification and discussion of trends and research gaps. The results show that the main body of research in edge-based CPS only to a very limited extent consider key attributes of system trustworthiness, despite many efforts referring to critical CPS and applications like intelligent transportation. More research and industrial efforts will be needed on aspects of trustworthiness of future edge-based CPS including their experimental evaluation. Such research needs to consider the multiple interrelated attributes of trustworthiness including safety, security, and predictability, and new methodologies and architectures to address them. It is further important to provide bridges and collaboration between edge computing and CPS disciplines.
Application of Care Bundles in Postanesthesia Recovery for Elderly Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yu Xiaoling , Chen Lichai , Chen Shuyi , Qian Weiming , Fang Lili 
Published: June 2022

Objective. Based on the postanesthesia recovery procedure for elderly patients with colorectal cancer, a care bundle program was conducted to validate its effectiveness. Method. According to the characteristics of elderly patients with colorectal cancer, five measures including respiratory management, circulatory stability, pain assessment, body temperature monitoring, and internal environment stability were integrated into one bundle. Postanesthesia care unit (PACU) care bundle program for elderly patients was developed and used to improve recovery care. The monitoring data of the pre-PACB group given care bundles were collected and compared with the data of the post-PACB group who were given conventional recovery care. Result. 222 patients in post-PACB group had shorter intubation time than 291 patients in pre-PACB group (

37.7
±
24.4

min

vs.

42.1
±
23.3

min

,

P
<
0.05

). The length of stay in PACU was longer in pre-PACB group (

89.9
±
33.5

min

vs.

81.6
±
31.1

min

,

P
<
0.05

). More adverse events were found in the post-PACB group than in the pre-PACB group (72.1% vs. 34.0%). Conclusion. After general anesthesia of patients with colorectal cancer, the application of the care bundles can improve the quality of recovery, shorten the intubation time and the length of stay in PACU, and reduce the complications caused by anesthesia.
Real-world Studies Link NSAID Use to Improved Overall Lung Cancer Survival
Authors: Roszik Jason , Lee J. Jack , Wu Yi-Hung , Liu Xi , Kawakami Masanori , Kurie Jonathan M. , Belouali Anas , Boca Simina M. , Gupta Samir , Beckman Robert A. , Madhavan Subha , Dmitrovsky Ethan 
Published: June 2022

Inflammation is a cancer hallmark. NSAIDs improve overall survival (OS) in certain cancers. Real-world studies explored here whether NSAIDs improve non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) OS. Analyses independently interrogated clinical databases from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC cohort, 1987 to 2015; 33,162 NSCLCs and 3,033 NSAID users) and Georgetown-MedStar health system (Georgetown cohort, 2000 to 2019; 4,497 NSCLCs and 1,993 NSAID users). Structured and unstructured clinical data were extracted from electronic health records using natural language processing (NLP). Associations were made between NSAID use and NSCLC prognostic features (tobacco use, gender, race, and body mass index, BMI). NSAIDs were statistically significantly (P &lt; 0.0001) associated with increased NSCLC survival (5-year OS 29.7% for NSAID users vs. 13.1% for nonusers) in the MDACC cohort. NSAID users gained 11.6 months over nonusers in 5-year restricted mean survival time. Stratified analysis by stage, histopathology, and multicovariable assessment substantiated benefits. NSAID users were pooled independent of NSAID type and by NSAID type. Landmark analysis excluded immortal time bias. Survival improvements (P &lt; 0.0001) were confirmed in the Georgetown cohort. Thus, real-world NSAID usage was independently associated with increased NSCLC survival in the MDACC and Georgetown cohorts. Findings were confirmed by landmark analyses and NSAID type. The OS benefits persisted despite tobacco use and did not depend on gender, race, or BMI (MDACC cohort, P &lt; 0.0001). These real-world findings could guide future NSAID lung cancer randomized trials.Significance:NLP and real-world studies conducted in large cohorts explored whether NSAIDs improved survival across NSCLC stages, histopathology, gender, smoking history, or demographic groups. A statistically significant association between NSAID use and NSCLC survival was found. This provides a rationale for future NSAID randomized NSCLC trials.
New Insights Into Long- Versus Short-Term Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Duration in Patients After Stenting for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Findings From a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Wang Hao-Yu , Dou Ke-Fei , Guan Changdong , Xie Lihua , Huang Yunfei , Zhang Rui , Yang Weixian , Wu Yongjian , Yang Yuejin , Qiao Shubin , Gao Runlin , Xu Bo 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The appropriate duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and risk-benefit ratio for long-term DAPT in patients with left main (LM) disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention remains uncertain.

Methods:
Four thousand five hundred sixty-one consecutive patients with stenting of LM disease at a single center from January 2004 to December 2016 were enrolled. Decision to discontinue or remain on DAPT after 12 months was left to an individualized decision-making based on treating physicians by weighing the patient’s risks of ischemia versus bleeding and considering patient preference. The primary outcome was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, or stroke at 3 years. Key safety outcome was 3-year rate of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 2, 3, or 5 bleeding.

Results:

Of 3865 patients free of ischemic and bleeding events at 12 months, 1727 (44.7%) remained on DAPT (mostly clopidogrel based [97.7%]) beyond 12 months after LM percutaneous coronary intervention. DAPT>12-month versus ≤12-month DAPT was associated with a significant reduced risk of 3-year primary outcome (2.6% versus 4.6%; adjusted hazard ratio: 0.59 [95% CI, 0.41–0.84]). The same trend was found for other ischemic end points: death (0.9% versus 3.0%;
P
log-rank
<0.001), cardiovascular death (0.5% versus 1.7%;
P
log-rank
=0.001), myocardial infarction (0.8% versus 1.9%;
P
log-rank
=0.005), and stent thrombosis (0.4% versus 1.1%;
P
log-rank
=0.017). The key safety end point was not significantly different between 2 regimens (1.8% versus 1.6%; adjusted hazard ratio: 1.07 [95% CI, 0.65–1.74]). The effect of DAPT>12 month on primary and key safety outcomes was consistent across clinical presentations, high bleeding risk, P2Y
12
inhibitor, and LM bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention approach.

Conclusions:

In a large cohort of patients free from clinical events during the first year after LM percutaneous coronary intervention and at low apparent future bleeding risk, an individualized patient-tailored approach to longer duration (>12 month) of DAPT with aspirin plus a P2Y
12
inhibitor (mostly clopidogrel) improved both composite and individual efficacy outcomes by reducing ischemic risk, without a concomitant increase in clinically relevant bleeding.
A Live Speech-Driven Avatar-Mediated Three-Party Telepresence System: Design and Evaluation
Authors: Jin Aobo , Deng Qixin , Deng Zhigang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, we present a live speech-driven, avatar-mediated, three-party telepresence system, through which three distant users, embodied as avatars in a shared 3D virtual world, can perform natural three-party telepresence that does not require tracking devices. Based on live speech input from three users, this system can real-time generate the corresponding conversational motions of all the avatars, including head motion, eye motion, lip movement, torso motion, and hand gesture. All motions are generated automatically at each user side based on live speech input, and a cloud server is utilized to transmit and synchronize motion and speech among different users. We conduct a formal user study to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of the system by comparing it with a well-known online virtual world, Second Life, and a widely-used online teleconferencing system, Skype. The user study results indicate our system can provide a measurably better telepresence user experience than the two widely-used methods.
The Transformative Potential of Human Rights Education for Youth Engagement in the Community
Authors: Blanchet-Cohen Natasha , Grégoire-Labrecque Geneviève 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article examines the potential of human rights education (hre) for youth engagement in promoting human rights and children’s rights for diversity and inclusion. The retrospective study of Speaking Rights, a programme implemented by a community-based organisation for over a decade across Canada, presents the outreach, outcome and approach of youth-led community action projects (cap s). The accessible, practical, relational and reflective approach was generative. The iterative and multi-pronged work provided opportunities for broad outreach and awareness amongst a range of youth-serving organisations. We discuss the transformative prospects of the cap s as illustrative of a broadening of children’s rights and a renewal of hre, along with the limitations of bringing the emancipatory nature of hre to scale, and the need to allow for a critical stance throughout the hre process that includes supporting disruptive spaces to meaningfully tackle injustices.