bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive effects of COVID-19 on food preparation and expenditure habits: a comparative study across three countries
Authors: Özen Asli Emine , Kartarı Asker , Correia Antonia , Wen Jun , Kozak Metin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjective:This study seeks to empirically investigate how the changing eating habits affect health habits within three countries with entirely different cultures and diets to understand to what extent the pandemic may be responsible for these changes.Design:Specifically, a questionnaire was conducted in China, Portugal and Turkey in early 2021. A series of statistical analyses were performed to identify how changes in individuals’ eating habits have influenced their diets, considering the pandemic context and the varying cultural contexts where this research was performed.Setting:A structured questionnaire form was developed and uploaded to an online platform with unique links for automatic distribution to respondents in each country. Data for the main survey were gathered between 3 January and 1 February 2021.Participants:Using snowball sampling, the authors leveraged their social networks by asking friends and colleagues to distribute the survey to potentially interested individuals. This distribution was stratified accordingly to the distribution of the population. The authors ultimately collected 319 useable surveys from China, 351 from Portugal and 449 from Turkey.Results:The pandemic inspired healthier food habits, mostly because people have additional time to cook, shop differently for food and spend more money on groceries.Conclusions:The study suggests that aside from cultural values and dietary habits, the available time and the fear of the pandemic most explained the new eating habits. Several implications are provided for researchers and overall society in these three countries.
Broad Elastic Softening of (Mg,Fe)O Ferropericlase Across the Iron Spin Crossover and a Mixed‐Spin Lower Mantle
Authors: Méndez A. S. J. , Stackhouse S. , Trautner V. , Wang B. , Satta N. , Kurnosov A. , Husband R. J. , Glazyrin K. , Liermann H.‐P. , Marquardt H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe elastic bulk modulus softening of (Mg,Fe)O ferropericlase across the iron spin crossover induces dramatic changes in its physical properties, including seismic P‐velocities and viscosity. Here, we performed compression of powders of (Mg0.8‐0.9Fe0.2‐0.1)O in a piezo‐driven dynamic Diamond Anvil Cell (dDAC) and derive the bulk modulus by differentiation of pressure and volume data, providing first data on the broadness of the elastic softening for ferropericlase with mantle‐relevant compositions. We complement our experimental results with theoretical calculations that extend previous studies by considering multiple random configurations of iron, and going beyond treating high‐ and low‐spin iron as an ideal solution. Both experiments and computations show a broad and asymmetric softening of the bulk modulus, and suggest that the softening is sensitive to the distribution of iron in the ferropericlase structure. Our high‐temperature calculations show that mixed‐spin (Mg,Fe)O dominates the lower mantle at all depths below 1,000 km. In contrast to most previous works, we find that ferropericlase will not exist in pure low‐spin state along a typical mantle geotherm. Based on our model, the physical properties of ferropericlase will show significant lateral variation at depths below 1,400 km, with the strongest effects expected between 2,000 and 2,600 km.
Nonlinear Thermal Responses Outweigh Water Limitation in the Attenuated Effect of Climatic Warming on Photosynthesis in Northern Ecosystems
Authors: Yin Gaofei , Verger Aleixandre , Descals Adrià , Filella Iolanda , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPlant photosynthesis is strongly limited by temperature at high northern latitudes. The temperature sensitivity of plant photosynthesis in scenarios of future climatic warming, however, is highly uncertain. We used sun‐induced fluorescence—a satellite proxy for plant photosynthesis—to analyze the spatiotemporal response of photosynthesis to temperature at high northern latitudes. We detected a widespread decline in the sensitivity of photosynthesis to temperature during the last two decades: 3.25 versus 2.19%/°C, in the 2000s and 2010s, respectively. We used methods of machine learning and temporal composition to characterize the contribution of nonlinear thermal responses and water limitation. Both methods consistently identified the nonlinear thermal responses as the main driver of the attenuated positive warming effect. We highlighted the traditionally temperature‐limited ecosystems at high northern latitudes may be approaching the temperature tipping point, beyond which the warming effect on plant photosynthesis would transition from positive to negative.
On the Effect of Historical SST Patterns on Radiative Feedback
Authors: Andrews Timothy , Bodas‐Salcedo Alejandro , Gregory Jonathan M. , Dong Yue , Armour Kyle C. , Paynter David , Lin Pu , Modak Angshuman , Mauritsen Thorsten , Cole Jason N. S. , Medeiros Brian , Benedict James J. , Douville Hervé , Roehrig Romain , Koshiro Tsuyoshi , Kawai Hideaki , Ogura Tomoo , Dufresne Jean‐Louis , Allan Richard P. , Liu Chunlei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigate the dependence of radiative feedback on the pattern of sea‐surface temperature (SST) change in 14 Atmospheric General Circulation Models (AGCMs) forced with observed variations in SST and sea‐ice over the historical record from 1871 to near‐present. We find that over 1871–1980, the Earth warmed with feedbacks largely consistent and strongly correlated with long‐term climate sensitivity feedbacks (diagnosed from corresponding atmosphere‐ocean GCM abrupt‐4xCO2 simulations). Post 1980, however, the Earth warmed with unusual trends in tropical Pacific SSTs (enhanced warming in the west, cooling in the east) and cooling in the Southern Ocean that drove climate feedback to be uncorrelated with—and indicating much lower climate sensitivity than—that expected for long‐term CO2 increase. We show that these conclusions are not strongly dependent on the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) II SST data set used to force the AGCMs, though the magnitude of feedback post 1980 is generally smaller in nine AGCMs forced with alternative HadISST1 SST boundary conditions. We quantify a “pattern effect” (defined as the difference between historical and long‐term CO2 feedback) equal to 0.48 ± 0.47 [5%–95%] W m−2 K−1 for the time‐period 1871–2010 when the AGCMs are forced with HadISST1 SSTs, or 0.70 ± 0.47 [5%–95%] W m−2 K−1 when forced with AMIP II SSTs. Assessed changes in the Earth's historical energy budget agree with the AGCM feedback estimates. Furthermore satellite observations of changes in top‐of‐atmosphere radiative fluxes since 1985 suggest that the pattern effect was particularly strong over recent decades but may be waning post 2014.
A New Perspective on the Development of the Great Arctic Cyclone in August 2012
Authors: Chen L. J. , Fu G. , Li P. Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe evolutionary process of “The Great Arctic Cyclone (AC) of August 2012” (hereafter named as AC2) was investigated by using the Arctic System Reanalysis version 2 data, from a new perspective of two cyclones' merging. The evolution of AC2 was affected by the merging process with a pre‐existing AC (hereafter named as AC1) at lower‐levels, and the impact of the two tropopause polar vortices (TPVs). The AC2's development showed a slowdown at the early stage of merging (before 00 UTC 5), and a rapid intensification at the later stage (after 00 UTC 5). The diagnostic results based on Zwack‐Okossi equation showed that, at the early stage of merging when two TPVs had not merged, despite AC2's intensification was favored by vorticity advection provided by the upper‐level jet stream, the warm advection supporting AC2's development, which was prevented by TPV2. AC2 weakened due to the joint influences of cold advection induced by the cold core beneath the TPV2 and AC1's cyclonic circulation at lower‐levels. At the later stage of merging, AC2 rapidly intensified due to the joint influences of warm advection produced by the warm air advected from warm core above the merged TPV by the upper‐level jet stream, and the warm advection induced by enhanced lower‐level baroclinicity near the warm front. Diabatic heating near the upper‐ and lower‐level fronts also played an important role in promoting AC2's development through its whole time.
Cenozoic Antarctic Peninsula Temperatures and Glacial Erosion Signals From a Multi‐Proxy Biomarker Study
Authors: Tibbett Emily J. , Warny Sophie , Tierney Jessica E. , Wellner Julia S. , Feakins Sarah J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTerrestrial climate records for Antarctica, beyond the age limit of ice cores, are restricted to the few unglaciated areas with exposed rock outcrops. Marine sediments on Antarctica's continental shelves contain records of past oceanic and terrestrial environments that can provide important insights into Antarctic climate evolution. The SHALDRIL II (Shallow Drilling on the Antarctic Continental Margin) expedition recovered sedimentary sequences from the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula of late Eocene, Oligocene, middle Miocene, and early Pliocene age that provides insights into Cenozoic Antarctic climate and ice sheet development. Here, we use biomarker data to assess atmospheric and oceanic temperatures and glacial reworking from the late Eocene to the early Pliocene. Analyses of hopanes and n‐alkanes indicate increased erosion of mature (thermally altered) soil biomarker components reworked by glacial erosion. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers from soil bacteria suggest similar air temperatures of 12°C ± 1°C (1σ, n = 46) for months above freezing for Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene timeslices but much colder (and likely shorter) periods of thaw during the Pliocene (5°C ± 1°C, n = 4) on the Antarctic Peninsula. TEX86‐based (Tetraether index of 86 carbons) sea surface temperature estimates indicate ocean cooling from 7°C ± 3°C (n = 10) in the Miocene to 3°C ± 1°C (n = 3) in the Pliocene, consistent with deep ocean cooling. Resulting temperature records provide useful constraints for ice sheet and climate model simulations seeking to improve understanding of ice sheet response under a range of climate conditions.
20 Years with SGBS cells - a versatile in vitro model of human adipocyte biology
Authors: Tews Daniel , Brenner Rolf E. , Siebert Reiner , Debatin Klaus-Michael , Fischer-Posovszky Pamela , Wabitsch Martin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract20 years ago, we described a human cell strain derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue of an infant supposed to have Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS), thus called “SGBS cells”. Since then, these cells have emerged as the most commonly used cell model for human adipogenesis and human adipocyte biology. Although these adipocyte derived stem cells have not been genetically manipulated for transformation or immortalization, SGBS cells retain their capacity to proliferate and to differentiate into adipocytes for more than 50 population doublings, providing an almost unlimited source of human adipocyte progenitor cells. Original data obtained with SGBS cells led to more than 200 peer reviewed publications comprising investigations on adipogenesis and browning, insulin sensitivity, inflammatory response, adipokine production, as well as co-culture models and cell-cell communication. In this article, we provide an update on the characterization of SGBS cells, present basic methods for their application and summarize results of a systematic literature search on original data obtained with this cell strain.
Pulmonary immune profiling of SIDS: impaired immune maturation and age-related cytokine imbalance
Authors: Qu Dong , Engelmann Theresa A. , Preuss Vanessa , Hagemeier Lars , Radomsky Lena , Beushausen Kerstin , Keil Jana , Vennemann Benedikt , Falk Christine S. , Klintschar Michael 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
For sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), an impaired immunocompetence has been discussed for a long time. Cytokines and chemokines are soluble immune mediators (SIM) whose balance is essential for the immune status. We hypothesized that an imbalanced immune response might contribute to the etiology of SIDS.

Methods
We investigated 27 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in protein lysates of lungs derived from 29 SIDS cases and 15 control children deceased for other reasons.

Results
Except for the CCL5, no significant differences were detected in the lungs between SIDS cases with and without mild upper respiratory tract infections. In contrast, IL-1RA, IL-7, IL-13, and G-CSF were decreased in the merged SIDS cases compared to control cases without evidence of infection. Plotting SIM concentrations against infant age resulted in increasing concentrations in control but not in SIDS lungs, indicating a disturbed immune maturation. Moreover, an age-dependent shift towards a Th2-related pattern was observed in SIDS.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that an impaired maturation of the immune system, an insufficient response to respiratory pathogens, and an immune response modulated by Th1/Th2 imbalance might play a possible role in triggering SIDS. These findings might in part be explained by chronic stress.

Impact

Maturation of the cytokine and chemokine network may be impaired in SIDS.

An imbalance between Th1- and Th2-related cytokines, which may reflect a state of chronic stress causing a more Th2 shift.

An impaired immune maturation, an insufficient response to respiratory pathogens, and an immune response modulated by Th1/Th2 imbalance might play a possible role in SIDS.
Precision oncology for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in clinical practice
Authors: Tomczak Aurelie , Springfeld Christoph , Dill Michael T. , Chang De-Hua , Kazdal Daniel , Wagner Ursula , Mehrabi Arianeb , Brockschmidt Antje , Luedde Tom , Naumann Patrick , Stenzinger Albrecht , Schirmacher Peter , Longerich Thomas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Advanced cholangiocarcinoma has a poor prognosis. Molecular targeted approaches have been proposed for patients after progression under first-line chemotherapy treatment. Here, molecular profiling of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in combination with a comprehensive umbrella concept was applied in a real-world setting.

Methods
In total, 101 patients received molecular profiling and matched treatment based on interdisciplinary tumour board decisions in a tertiary care setting. Parallel DNA and RNA sequencing of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissue was performed using large panels.

Results
Genetic alterations were detected in 77% of patients and included gene fusions in 21 patients. The latter recurrently involved the FGFR2 and the NRG1 gene loci. The most commonly altered genes were BAP1, ARID1A, FGFR2, IDH1, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, PIK3CA, TP53, ATM, IDH2, BRAF, SMARCA4 and FGFR3. Molecular targets were detected in 59% of patients. Of these, 32% received targeted therapy. The most relevant reason for not initiating therapy was the deterioration of performance status. Patients receiving a molecular-matched therapy showed a significantly higher survival probability compared to patients receiving conventional chemotherapy only (HR: 2.059, 95% CI: 0.9817–4.320, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Molecular profiling can be successfully translated into clinical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients and is associated with prolonged survival of patients receiving a molecular-matched treatment.
METTL3 promotes prostatic hyperplasia by regulating PTEN expression in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner
Authors: Li Jiaren , Yao Hanyu , Huang Jin , Li Chao , Zhang Yichuan , Xu Ran , Wang Zhenting , Long Zhi , Tang Jin , Wang Long 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUncontrolled epithelial cell proliferation in the prostate transition zone and the hyper-accumulation of mesenchymal-like cells derived from the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of prostatic epithelium are two key processes in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). m6A RNA modification affects multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. In this study, the aberrant up-regulation of methylase METTL3 in BPH samples suggests its potential role in BPH development. Elevated m6A modification in the prostate of the BPH rat was partially reduced by METTL3 knockdown. METTL3 knockdown also partially reduced the prostatic epithelial thickness and prostate weight, significantly improved the histological features of the prostate, inhibited epithelial proliferation and EMT, and promoted apoptosis. In vitro, METTL3 knockdown decreased TGF-β-stimulated BPH-1 cell proliferation, m6A modification, and EMT, whereas promoted cell apoptosis. METTL3 increased the m6A modification of PTEN and inhibited its expression through the reading protein YTHDF2. PTEN knockdown aggravated the molecular, cellular, and pathological alterations in the prostate of BPH rats and amplified TGF-β-induced changes in BPH-1 cells. More importantly, PTEN knockdown partially abolished the improving effects of METTL3 knockdown both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, the level of m6A modification is elevated in BPH; the METTL3/YTHDF2/PTEN axis disturbs the balance between epithelial proliferation and apoptosis, promotes EMT, and accelerates BPH development in an m6A modification-related manner.
Ultralong organic phosphorescence from isolated molecules with repulsive interactions for multifunctional applications
Authors: Yao Xiaokang , Ma Huili , Wang Xiao , Wang He , Wang Qian , Zou Xin , Song Zhicheng , Jia Wenyong , Li Yuxin , Mao Yufeng , Singh Manjeet , Ye Wenpeng , Liang Jian , Zhang Yanyun , Liu Zhuang , He Yixiao , Li Jingjie , Zhou Zixing , Zhao Zhu , Zhang Yuan , Niu Guowei , Yin Chengzhu , Zhang Shasha , Shi Huifang , Huang Wei , An Zhongfu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntermolecular interactions, including attractive and repulsive interactions, play a vital role in manipulating functionalization of the materials from micro to macro dimensions. Despite great success in generation of ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) by suppressing non-radiative transitions through attractive interactions recently, there is still no consideration of repulsive interactions on UOP. Herein, we proposed a feasible approach by introducing carboxyl groups into organic phosphors, enabling formation of the intense repulsive interactions between the isolated molecules and the matrix in rigid environment. Our experimental results show a phosphor with a record lifetime and quantum efficiency up to 3.16 s and 50.0% simultaneously in film under ambient conditions. Considering the multiple functions of the flexible films, the potential applications in anti-counterfeiting, afterglow display and visual frequency indicators were demonstrated. This finding not only outlines a fundamental principle to achieve bright organic phosphorescence in film, but also expands the potential applications of UOP materials.
Room-temperature electrical control of polarization and emission angle in a cavity-integrated 2D pulsed LED
Authors: Gonzalez Marin Juan Francisco , Unuchek Dmitrii , Sun Zhe , Cheon Cheol Yeon , Tagarelli Fedele , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kis Andras 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDevices based on two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors hold promise for the realization of compact and versatile on-chip interconnects between electrical and optical signals. Although light emitting diodes (LEDs) are fundamental building blocks for integrated photonics, the fabrication of light sources made of bulk materials on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits is challenging. While LEDs based on van der Waals heterostructures have been realized, the control of the emission properties necessary for information processing remains limited. Here, we show room-temperature electrical control of the location, directionality and polarization of light emitted from a 2D LED operating at MHz frequencies. We integrate the LED in a planar cavity to couple the polariton emission angle and polarization to the in-plane exciton momentum, controlled by a lateral voltage. These findings demonstrate the potential of TMDCs as fast, compact and tunable light sources, promising for the realization of electrically driven polariton lasers.
SARS CoV-2 mRNA vaccination exposes latent HIV to Nef-specific CD8+ T-cells
Authors: Stevenson Eva M. , Terry Sandra , Copertino Dennis , Leyre Louise , Danesh Ali , Weiler Jared , Ward Adam R. , Khadka Pragya , McNeil Evan , Bernard Kevin , Miller Itzayana G. , Ellsworth Grant B. , Johnston Carrie D. , Finkelsztein Eli J. , Zumbo Paul , Betel Doron , Dündar Friederike , Duncan Maggie C. , Lapointe Hope R. , Speckmaier Sarah , Moran-Garcia Nadia , Papa Michelle Premazzi , Nicholes Samuel , Stover Carissa J. , Lynch Rebecca M. , Caskey Marina , Gaebler Christian , Chun Tae-Wook , Bosque Alberto , Wilkin Timothy J. , Lee Guinevere Q. , Brumme Zabrina L. , Jones R. Brad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEfforts to cure HIV have focused on reactivating latent proviruses to enable elimination by CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells. Clinical studies of latency reversing agents (LRA) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated individuals have shown increases in HIV transcription, but without reductions in virologic measures, or evidence that HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells were productively engaged. Here, we show that the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 activates the RIG-I/TLR – TNF – NFκb axis, resulting in transcription of HIV proviruses with minimal perturbations of T-cell activation and host transcription. T-cells specific for the early gene-product HIV-Nef uniquely increased in frequency and acquired effector function (granzyme-B) in ART-treated individuals following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. These parameters of CD8+ T-cell induction correlated with significant decreases in cell-associated HIV mRNA, suggesting killing or suppression of cells transcribing HIV. Thus, we report the observation of an intervention-induced reduction in a measure of HIV persistence, accompanied by precise immune correlates, in ART-suppressed individuals. However, we did not observe significant depletions of intact proviruses, underscoring challenges to achieving (or measuring) HIV reservoir reductions. Overall, our results support prioritizing the measurement of granzyme-B-producing Nef-specific responses in latency reversal studies and add impetus to developing HIV-targeted mRNA therapeutic vaccines that leverage built-in LRA activity.
Temporally restricted activation of IFNβ signaling underlies response to immune checkpoint therapy in mice
Authors: Zemek Rachael M. , Chin Wee Loong , Fear Vanessa S. , Wylie Ben , Casey Thomas H. , Forbes Cath , Tilsed Caitlin M. , Boon Louis , Guo Belinda B. , Bosco Anthony , Forrest Alistair R. R. , Millward Michael J. , Nowak Anna K. , Lake Richard A. , Lassmann Timo , Lesterhuis W. Joost 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe biological determinants of the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in cancer remain incompletely understood. Little is known about dynamic biological events that underpin therapeutic efficacy due to the inability to frequently sample tumours in patients. Here, we map the transcriptional profiles of 144 responding and non-responding tumours within two mouse models at four time points during ICB. We find that responding tumours display on/fast-off kinetics of type-I-interferon (IFN) signaling. Phenocopying of this kinetics using time-dependent sequential dosing of recombinant IFNs and neutralizing antibodies markedly improves ICB efficacy, but only when IFNβ is targeted, not IFNα. We identify Ly6C+/CD11b+ inflammatory monocytes as the primary source of IFNβ and find that active type-I-IFN signaling in tumour-infiltrating inflammatory monocytes is associated with T cell expansion in patients treated with ICB. Together, our results suggest that on/fast-off modulation of IFNβ signaling is critical to the therapeutic response to ICB, which can be exploited to drive clinical outcomes towards response.