bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalisation in children aged ≤5 years: a scoping review of literature from 2009 to 2021
Authors: Noble Michael , Khan Rabia Ali , Walker Brodie , Bennett Emma , Gent Nick 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionFollowing the easing of COVID-19 restrictions in many countries, a surge in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalisations was reported, surpassing yearly trends pre-pandemic. The changes to RSV epidemiology may have unforeseen effects on healthcare systems and populations globally, adding to the burden generated during the pandemic and placing increased demand on resources. Here we aim to identify recent global trends of RSV hospitalisation amongst children aged ≤5 years, to help inform policy makers in the planning of preventative interventions.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review of published literature between January 2009 and May 2021. Using keywords “Hospital admissions, Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV, Bronchiolitis, Children” we located studies using Medline, EMCARE, CINAHL and HMIC. Studies were eligible if they reported on trends/data for RSV hospitalisation amongst children aged ≤5 years. The articles were reviewed by two independent reviewers.FindingsWe assessed 3310 abstracts, reviewed 70 studies and included 56 studies in the final review. Findings were categorised into themes. The review highlighted that, although RSV incidence has been steadily increasing since 2009, the number of reported RSV hospitalisations decreased during lockdown. The highest numbers of hospitalisations were reported in children <1 year of age, particularly 0–2-month-old infants. Globally, RSV hospitalisations tend to peak in the winter months; however, since COVID-19 restrictions have eased, countries are reporting incidence peaks at different times, in contrast to the trends of previous years.ConclusionWith greater physical interactions due to the relaxation of COVID-19 restriction measures, RSV-related hospitalisations can be seen to increase amongst children aged ≤5 years, possibly surpassing the numbers reported in previous RSV seasons.
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the sulfatase-modifying factor 1 gene are associated with lung function and COPD
Authors: Jarenbäck Linnea , Frantz Sophia , Weidner Julie , Ankerst Jaro , Nihlén Ulf , Bjermer Leif , Wollmer Per , Tufvesson Ellen 
Published: April 2022

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in various genes have been shown to associate with COPD, suggesting a role in disease pathogenesis. Sulfatase modifying factor (SUMF1) is a key modifier in connective tissue remodelling, and we have shown previously that several SNPs inSUMF1are associated with COPD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association betweenSUMF1SNPs and advanced lung function characteristics.Never-, former and current smokers with (n=154) or without (n=405) COPD were genotyped for 21 SNPs inSUMF1and underwent spirometry, body plethysmography, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) measurement and impulse oscillometry.Four SNPs (rs793391, rs12634248, rs2819590 and rs304092) showed a significantly decreased odds ratio of having COPD when heterozygous for the variance allele, together with a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio and an impaired peripheral resistance and reactance. Moreover, individuals homozygous for the variance allele of rs3864051 exhibited a strong association to COPD, a lower FEV1/FVC, FEV1andDLCO, and an impaired peripheral resistance and reactance. Other SNPs (rs4685744, rs2819562, rs2819561 and rs11915920) were instead associated with impaired lung volumes and exhibited a lower FVC, total lung capacity and alveolar volume, in individuals having the variance allele.Several SNPs in theSUMF1gene are shown to be associated with COPD and impaired lung function. These genetic variants ofSUMF1may cause a deficient sulfation balance in the extracellular matrix of the lung tissue, thereby contributing to the development of COPD.
Simulated and Experimental Study of Seabed Sediments Sampling Parameters Based on the VOF Method
Authors: He Shudong , Peng Youduo , Jin Yongping , Yan Jian , Wan Buyan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSediments in the seabed hold vital clues to the study of marine geology, microbial communities and history of ocean life, and the remote operated vehicle (ROV) mounted tubular sampling is an important way to obtain sediments. However, sampling in the seabed is a particularly difficult and complicated task due to the difficulty accessing deep water layers. The sampling is affected by the sampler’s structural parameters, operation parameters and the interaction between the sampling tube and sediments, which usually results in low volume and coring rate of sediments obtained. This paper simulated the soft viscous seabed sediments as non-Newtonian Herschel-Bulkley viscoplastic fluids and established a numerical model for the tubular sampling based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The influence rules of the sampling tube diameter, drainage area rate, penetration velocity, and sediments dynamic viscosity on coring rate and volume were studied. The results showed that coring volume was negatively correlated with all the parameters except the sampling tube diameter. Furthermore, coring rate decreased with increases in penetration velocity, drainage area rate, and sediments dynamic viscosity. The coring rate first increased and then decreased with increasing of the sampling tube diameter, and the peak value was also influenced by penetration velocity. Then, based on the numerical simulation results, an experimental sampling platform was set up and real-world sampling experiments were conducted. The simulation results tallied with the experimental results, with a maximum absolute error of only 4.6%, which verified that the numerical simulation model accurately reflected real-world sampling. The findings in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for facilitating the optimal design of the geometric structure of the seabed sediments samplers and the parameters in the sampling process.
Pharmacodynamics, toxicology and toxicokinetics of ropivacaine oil delivery depot
Authors: Lu Wu-dang , Hui Min-quan , Gu Jing-liang , Liu Li , Wu Man-li , Yang Yi , Cao Yong-xiao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Ropivacaine oil delivery depot (RODD) can be used to treat postoperative incision pain. The aim was to study pharmacodynamics, toxicity and toxicokinetics of RODD.

Methods
The base research of RODD were conducted. Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into saline, solvent, ropivacaine aqueous injection (RAI) 0.9 mg, RODD 0.9 mg and RODD 3 mg groups. The sciatic nerve of rabbits were isolated, dripped with RODD and the effect of nerve block were observed. In toxicity study, the rats were divided into saline, solvent and RODD 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg groups, 30 rats per group. In toxicokinetics, rats were divided into RODD 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg groups, 18 rats per group. The rats were subcutaneously injected drugs.

Results
The analgesic duration of RODD 3 mg and RAI 0.9 mg blocking ischiadic nerve lasted about 20 h and 2 h, respectively, and their blocking intensity was similar. The rats in RODD 75 mg/kg did not show any toxicity. Compared with saline group, in RODD 150 mg/kg group neutrophils and mononuclear cells increased, lymphocytes decreased and albumin decreased(P < 0.05), and pathological examination showed some abnormals. In RODD 300 mg/kg group, 10 rats died and showed some abnormalities in central nerve system, hematologic indexes, part of biochemical indexes, and the weights of spleen, liver, and thymus. However, these abnormal was largely recovered on 14 days after the dosing. The results of toxicokinetics of RODD 75 mg/kg group showed that the Cmax was 1.24 ± 0.59 µg/mL and the AUC(0-24 h) was 11.65 ± 1.58 h·µg/mL.

Conclusions
Subcutaneous injection RODD releases ropivacaine slowly, and shows a stable and longer analgesic effect with a large safety range.
3-Year outcomes in patients with heavily calcified lesions undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention using cutting balloons
Authors: Liu Wei , Yao Yutong , Jiang Zhi , Tian Longhai , Song Bo , Liu Hui , Deng Shiyan , Luo Rui , Wei Fang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of heavily calcified lesions (HCLs) is associated with higher complication rates and worse clinical outcomes. Cutting balloon (CB) has been widely used for HCLs, but patients’ prognosis had not been fully clarified. The study aimed to compare 3-year clinical outcomes between patients with HCLs that are treated with CBs and those with non-HCLs.

Method
Patients who underwent PCI in Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital from June 2015 to September 2018 were retrospectively included. HCL was defined as radiopaque and high-pressure undilatable lesions. CBs were routinely used in combination with non-compliant balloons for the HCLs. Major adverse cardiac event (MACE) and target vessel failure (TVF) were assessed at 3-year follow-up.

Result
Among 2432 patients included in the study, 210(8.6%) had HCLs with a procedural success rate of 91.0%. The patients with HCLs had a higher incidence of MACE (23.3% vs. 10.8%, P < 0.001) than those with non-HCLs. By propensity score matching, 172 patients with HCLs were 1:1 paired to those with non-HCLs, and their PCI vessels were exactly matched. The MACE and TVF were significantly higher in the patients with HCLs than those with non-HCLs (MACE: 21.5% vs. 13.4%, P = 0.036; TVF: 19.8% vs. 9.9%, P = 0.008). In the Cox regression analysis, HCL is independently associated with higher risks of MACE [HR: 1.72(1.01–2.94), P = 0.047], TVF [HR: 2.10(1.15–3.81), P = 0.015] and repeat revascularization [HR: 2.20(1.07–4.52), P = 0.032].

Conclusion
Patients with HCLs undergoing PCI using CBs in combination with non-compliant balloons had higher risks of complications, procedural failure, and worse clinical outcomes at 3 years than those with non-HCLs.
Cutaneous infection due to Bacillus cereus: a case report
Authors: Esmkhani Mohammad , Shams Saeed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive bacterium that can be found in various natural and human-made environments. It is often involved in gastrointestinal infections and food poisoning; yet, it can rarely cause serious non-gastrointestinal tract infections.

Case presentation
Here we describe a case of B. cereus cutaneous infection of a wound on the hand of a young woman from a rural area in Iran. On admission, she had no systemic symptoms other than a cutaneous lesion. The identification of the causative agent was performed using sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of the bacteria isolated from the wound. The isolated microorganism was identified as B. cereus. Targeted antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin was successful.

Discussion and conclusion
Although non-intestinal infections caused by B. cereus are rare, it should be taken into consideration that this organism might also cause infections in other parts of the body.
Association between effector-type regulatory T cells and immune checkpoint expression on CD8+ T cells in malignant ascites from epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Sato Sho , Matsushita Hirokazu , Shintani Daisuke , Kobayashi Yukari , Fujieda Nao , Yabuno Akira , Nishikawa Tadaaki , Fujiwara Keiichi , Kakimi Kazuhiro , Hasegawa Kosei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in the antitumor immune response in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). To understand the immune-inhibitory networks of EOC, we addressed the association between Tregs and immune checkpoint expression on T cells in the tumor microenvironment of EOC.

Methods
A total of 41 patients with stage IIIC and IV EOC were included in the analysis. We harvested cells from malignant ascites and investigated them using multi-color flow cytometry. We categorized the Tregs into 3 groups: effector-type Tregs, naïve Tregs and non-Tregs, based on the expression patterns of CD45RA and Foxp3 in CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, the relationships between the expression of various immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-1, on CD8+ T cells and each of the Treg subtypes was also evaluated.

Results
The median frequency of naïve Tregs, effector-type Tregs and non-Tregs were 0.2% (0–0.8), 2.0% (0–11.4) and 1.5% (0.1–6.3) in CD4+ T cells of malignant ascites from EOC patients, respectively. A high frequency of effector-type Tregs was associated with high-grade serous carcinoma compared with the other histotypes. Patients with higher proportions of effector-type Tregs showed a trend towards increased progression-free survival. We also demonstrated a correlation between a higher proportion of effector-type Tregs and increased PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells. In addition, C–C chemokine receptor 4 expression was also observed in effector-type Tregs.

Conclusion
These data suggest that multiple immune-inhibitory networks exist in malignant ascites from EOC patients, suggesting an approach towards combinational immunotherapies for advanced EOC patients.
Identification of unhealthy alcohol use by self-report and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) blood concentrations in an acute psychiatric department
Authors: Finanger Trine , Vaaler Arne Einar , Spigset Olav , Aamo Trond Oskar , Andreassen Trine Naalsund , Gråwe Rolf Wilhelm , Skråstad Ragnhild Bergene 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The use of standard screening methods could improve the detection rate of unhealthy alcohol use in patients admitted to psychiatric acute and emergency departments. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) to identify patients with high levels of alcohol consumption prior to admission.

Methods
The data were prospectively collected at admittance to an acute psychiatric department in the period January 2016 to June 2017. A blood sample for the analysis of PEth was available from 177 patients. We compared the PEth concentrations with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores during the hospital stay, and psychiatric diagnoses at discharge.

Results
A total of 45.8% of the patients had a PEth concentration ≥ 0.03 μmol/L, indicating significant alcohol consumption. AUDIT scores consistent with unhealthy alcohol use were present in 51.7%. There was a significant positive correlation between PEth concentrations and AUDIT scores (r = 0.631, p < 0.001). PEth was above the detection limit of 0.03 μmol/L in 19% of those reporting an average daily intake of zero alcohol units per day during the last week before admission. PEth concentrations were significantly higher among those with an alcohol diagnosis than among those without such a diagnosis (0.82 μmol/L vs. 0.09 μmol/L, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
PEth provides supplementary information on recent alcohol consumption in a psychiatric population and would be particularly helpful in patients unable or unwilling to give such information at admission.
Construction of life-and-death education contents for the elderly: a Delphi study
Authors: Lei Lei , Lu Ya , Zhao Hongyan , Tan Jing , Luo Yu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLife-and-death education is intimately related to palliative-and-hospice care. It should be implemented among groups of all ages, especially for the elderly. This study aims to establish expert consensus on a set of scientific and systematic life-and-death education contents for the elderly and provide reference for the practice on the elderly.MethodsThis study designed three rounds of expert consultation by using a Delphi method. A panel of 22 experts from the fields of palliative-and-hospice care, life-and-death education, geriatric nursing, humanities and ethics, and geriatric psychology participated in the study.ResultsThis study finally reached expert consensus on the contents of life-and-death education for the elderly, containing 4 first-level items, Life-and-death literacy promotion in the elderly; Life-and-death concept establishment of the elderly; Life-and-death planning of the elderly; Life-and-death thoughts of the elderly with affiliated 9 second-level items, and corresponding 23 detailed third-level items.ConclusionsThe life-and-death education contents for the elderly offer a basis for publicity for health professionals, promote dialogues on death, preparation, and planning for death and dying. The life-and-death education contents system was clear in coherence containing definite and comprehensive contents, which enriched life-and-death education resources globally. The results could assist in the planning of palliative-and-hospice care services to improve quality of death of the elderly.
Preservation of the left colic artery in modified laparoscopic anterior rectal resections without auxiliary abdominal incisions for transanal specimen retrieval
Authors: Liu Yulin , Yu Peng , Li Han , Xia Lijian , Li Xiangmin , Zhang Meijuan , Cui Zhonghui , Chen Jingbo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic low anterior rectal resection is the most widely used surgical procedure for middle and low rectal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and safety of the extracorporeal placement of the anvil in preserving the left colic artery in laparoscopic low anterior rectal resection without auxiliary incisions for transanal specimen retrieval in this research.

Methods
Clinical data and follow-up data of patients undergoing laparoscopic low anterior rectal resection from January 2017 to October 2020 were collected. The resections were modified such that the resisting nail holder was extracorporeally placed for the transanal exenteration of the specimen without using auxiliary abdominal incisions while preserving the left colic artery. By analyzing the data of anastomotic stenosis, anastomotic bleeding and anastomotic fistulas after surgery, the advantages and disadvantages of this surgical method for patients were clarified.

Results
A total of 22 patients were enrolled. Five of 22 patients simultaneously underwent double-barrel terminal ileostomy. The postoperative exhaust time was 2–7 (median, 3) days. Postoperative anastomotic bleeding occurred in one patient, postoperative anastomotic fistula occurred in four patients, and postoperative anastomotic stenosis occurred in six patients. There were four patients with postoperative distant metastasis, of which three had concomitant local recurrence. Seventeen patients had no obvious symptoms or signs of recurrent metastases during follow-up appointments, and one died of liver failure.

Conclusions
Modified laparoscopic low anterior rectal resection, which resects the specimen through anus eversion by inserting the anvil extracorporeally while preserving the left colic artery, is safe and feasible for patients with low rectal cancer.
Robotic surgery contributes to the preservation of bowel and urinary function after total mesorectal excision: comparisons with transanal and conventional laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Miura Takuya , Sakamoto Yoshiyuki , Morohashi Hajime , Suto Akiko , Kubota Shunsuke , Ichisawa Aika , Kuwata Daisuke , Yamada Takahiro , Tamba Hiroaki , Matsumoto Shuntaro , Hakamada Kenichi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Determine whether robotic surgery is more effective than transanal and conventional laparoscopic surgery in preserving bowel and urinary function after total mesorectal excision (TME).

Methods
Of 79 lower rectal cancer patients who underwent function-preserving TME between 2016 and 2020, 64 patients consented to a prospective questionnaire-based functional observation study (52 responded). At 6 months post-resection or ileostomy closure, Wexner, low anterior resection syndrome (LARS), modified fecal incontinence quality of life, and international prostate symptom scores were used to evaluate bowel and urinary function, comparing robotic surgery (RTME) with transanal (taTME) or conventional laparoscopic surgery (LTME).

Results
RTME was performed in 35 patients (54.7%), taTME in 15 (23.4%), and LTME in 14 (21.9%). While preoperative bowel/urinary functions were similar in all three procedures, and the distance from the anal verge to tumor was almost the same, more hand-sewn anastomoses were performed and the anastomotic height from the anal verge was shorter in taTME than RTME. At 2 years post-resection, 8 patients (12.5%) had a permanent stoma; RTME showed a significantly lower rate of permanent stoma than taTME (2.9% vs. 40%, p < 0.01). Despite no significant difference, all bowel function assessments were better in RTME than in taTME or LTME. Major LARS was observed in all taTME and LTME cases, but only 78.8% of RTME. No clear difference arose between RTME and taTME in urinary function; urinary dysfunction was more severe in LTME than RTME (36.4% vs. 6.1%, p = 0.02).

Conclusions
In function-preserving TME for lower rectal cancer, robotic surgery was suggested to be more effective than transanal and conventional laparoscopic surgery in terms of bowel and urinary functions.
Respectful delivery care and associated factors among mothers delivered in public health facilities of Dessie city, Northeast Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yalew Melaku , Nigatu Dabere , Yasin Toyeb , Kefale Bereket , Damtie Yitayish 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe government of Ethiopia has been implementing compassionate, respectful, and caring strategies to increase institutional delivery and decrease maternal mortality in recent years. There is limited evidence on respectful delivery care and associated factors in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the proportion of respectful delivery care and associated factors among mothers delivered in the health facilities of Dessie city, Northeast Ethiopia.MethodsA health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 390 mothers from April 16 to May 30, 2018. A pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were entered into Epidata and analyzed using Stata/SE 14. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors. Variables having P-value less than 0.2 in the bivariable regression were selected as a candidate for multi-variable regression. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated to measure the strength and direction of the association respectively.ResultsThe proportion of respectful delivery care among mothers delivered in public health facilities of Dessie city was 43.4%, 95% CI (39.1%, 47.6%). It was found to be 34.9% in hospital and 74.1 in health center. Respectful delivery care was associated with day time delivery [AOR = 2.23, 95% CI (1.30, 3.82)], any maternal and/or fetal complications [AOR = 0.50, 95% CI (0.27, 0.94)], gave birth in health center [AOR = 3.22, 95% CI (1.61, 6.46)] and educated mothers [AOR = 2.87, 95% CI (1.18, 7.01)].ConclusionsThe proportion of respectful delivery care in the study area was low as compared to the government emphasis and other works of literature. This study indicated that any maternal and/or newborn complications, daytime delivery, giving birth in a health center, and maternal education were associated with respectful delivery care. Women empowerment through education could be a recalled intervention for respectful care.