bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential removal of chromium (VI) and prednisolone by nanobiochar- enriched-diamine derivative
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed E. , El-Ghanam Abdel Moneim , Saad Shaimaa R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiochars are biosorbents made from a wide range of agricultural or animal residues that involve functional groups to enable binding with different species. In the current work, pyrolysis of artichoke leaves was done to generate nanobiochar (NanoBch) and enriched with ethylenediamine (EDA) as nitrogen-rich derivative to yield (NanoBch-EDA). This was characterized by different techniques and compared with NanoBch. The evaluated NanoBch-EDA showed promising removal performance under optimized conditions of contact time, nanosorbent dosage, initial concentration of Pn and Cr(VI), pH, temperature, and interfering ions. The elimination processes of Pn and Cr(VI) onto (NanoBch-EDA) by four isotherm models (Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevitch, Temkin, and Freundlich) were discussed. In Pn elimination process, the Langmuir model achieved (R2 = 0.99) as the highest correlation coefficient. Otherwise, the Freundlich (R2 = 0.98) was the applicable model in Cr(VI) elimination. The values of maximum capacity qmax (mg g−1) for adsorption of Pn and Cr(VI) onto NanoBch-EDA were 21.93 and 79.37 mg g−1, respectively. Based on the obtained R2 (0.999), the pseudo-second-order model was shown to be the superlative match for describing the elimination of Pn and Cr(VI) by NanoBch-EDA. The reaction was stated as spontaneous and endothermic based on parameters signs and values obtained from thermodynamic studies. NanoBch-EDA (60 mg) was found highly effective in extracting 95.0%, 90.0%, and 92.0% of Pn (25 mg L−1) from tap, waste, and sea water, respectively, while 20 mg of NanoBch-EDA removed 96.0%, 94.6%, and 97.3% of Cr(VI) 10 mg L−1 from tap, waste, and sea water, respectively.
Fluidized bed steam cracking of rapeseed oil: exploring the direct production of the molecular building blocks for the plastics industry
Authors: Mandviwala Chahat , González-Arias Judith , Seemann Martin , Berdugo Vilches Teresa , Thunman Henrik 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFossil-based production of plastics represents a serious sustainability challenge. The use of renewable and biogenic resources as feedstocks in the plastic industry is imminent. Thermochemical conversion enables the production of the molecular building blocks of plastic materials from widely available biogenic resources. Waste cooking oil (WCO) represents a significant fraction of these resources. This work provides insights into the thermochemical conversion of the fatty acids present in WCO, where rapeseed oil is used as the source of fatty acids. The experimental results reveal that fluidized bed steam cracking of rapeseed oil in the temperature range of 650–750 °C yields a product distribution rich in light olefins and mono aromatics. Up to 51% of light olefins, 15% of mono aromatics, and 13% of light paraffins were recovered through steam cracking. This means that up to 70% of the carbon in rapeseed oil was converted into molecular building blocks in a single step. The main conclusion from this study is that WCO and vegetable oils represent viable biogenic feedstocks for the direct production of the molecular building blocks, where the conversion is achieved through steam cracking in fluidized beds.
Graphical abstract
Metallogenic models as the key to successful exploration — a review and trends
Authors: Pohl Walter L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetallogeny is the science of ore and mineral deposit formation in geological space and time. Metallogeny is interdisciplinary by nature, comprising elements of natural science disciplines such as planetology to solid state physics and chemistry, and volcanology. It is the experimental forefront of research and bold thinking, based on an ever-growing foundation of solid knowledge. Therefore, metallogeny is not a closed system of knowledge but a fast-growing assemblage of structured and unstructured information in perpetual flux. This paper intends to review its current state and trends. The latter may introduce speculation and fuzziness. Metallogeny has existed for over 100 years as a branch of Earth Science. From the discovery of plate tectonics (ca. 1950) to the end of the last century, metallogeny passed through a worldwide phase of formally published ‘metallogenetic’ maps. In the last decades, a rapidly growing number of scientists, digitization and splendid new tools fundamentally boosted research. More innovations may be expected by the growing use of an evolving systematic ‘Geodata Science’ for metallogenic research by an increasingly global human talent pool. Future requirements for metallic and mineral raw materials, especially the critical natural elements and compounds that are needed for the nascent carbon-free economy, already drive activities on stock markets and in the resource industry. State geological surveys, academia and private companies embrace the challenges. The new age requires intensified metallogenic backing. In this paper, principles of metallogeny are recalled concerning concepts and terms. A metallogenic classification of ore and mineral deposits is proposed, and the intimate relations of metallogenesis with geodynamics are sketched (ancient lid tectonics and modern plate tectonics). Metallogenic models assemble a great diversity of data that allow an ever better understanding of ore formation, foremost by illuminating the geological source-to-trap migration of ore metals, the petrogenetic and geodynamic–tectonic setting, the spatial architecture of ore deposits and the nature and precise timing of involved processes. Applied metallogeny allows companies to choose strategy and tactics for exploration investment and for planning the work. Based on comprehensive metallogenic knowledge, mineral system analysis (MSA) selects those elements of complex metallogenic models, which are detectable and can guide exploration in order to support applications such as mineral prospectivity mapping, mineral potential evaluation and targeting of detailed investigations. MSA founded on metallogenic models can be applied across whole continents, or at the scale of regional greenfield search, or in brownfields at district to camp scale. By delivering the fundamental keys for MSA, supported by unceasing innovative research, the stream of new metallogenic insights is essential for improving endowment estimates and for successful exploration.
Time evolution of superoscillations for the Schrödinger equation on $${\mathbb {R}}\setminus \{0\}$$
Authors: Schlosser Peter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn quantum mechanics, superoscillations, or the more general supershifts, appear as initial conditions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Already in [5], a unified approach was developed, which yields time persistence of the supershift property under certain holomorphicity and growth assumptions on the corresponding Green’s function. While that theory considers the Schrödinger equation on the whole real line $${\mathbb {R}}$$
R
, this paper takes the natural next step and considers $$\mathbb {R}\setminus \{0\}$$

R
\
{
0
}

, while allowing boundary conditions at $$x=0^\pm $$

x
=

0
±

. In particular, the singular $$\frac{1}{x^2}$$

1

x
2

-potential as well as the very important $$\delta $$
δ
and $$\delta '$$

δ
′

distributional potentials are covered.
Telephone-based Frontal Assessment Battery (t-FAB): standardization for the Italian population and clinical usability in neurological diseases
Authors: Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , Pucci Veronica , Diana Lorenzo , Niang Aida , Preti Alice Naomi , Delli Ponti Adriana , Sangalli Gaia , Scarano Stefano , Tesio Luigi , Zago Stefano , Difonzo Teresa , Appollonio Ildebrando , Mondini Sara , Bolognini Nadia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite the relevance of telephone-based cognitive screening tests in clinical practice and research, no specific test assessing executive functioning is available. The present study aimed at standardizing and providing evidence of clinical usability for the Italian telephone-based Frontal Assessment Battery (t-FAB).

Methods
The t-FAB (ranging 0–12), comprising two subtests, has two versions: one requiring motor responses (t-FAB-M) and the other verbal responses (t-FAB-V). Three hundred and forty-six Italian healthy adults (HPs; 143 males; age range = 18–96 years; education range = 4–23 years) and 40 participants with neurological diseases were recruited. To HPs, the t-FAB was administered along with a set of telephone-based tests: MMSE, verbal fluency (VF), backward digit span (BDS). The in-person version of the FAB was administered to both HPs and clinical groups. Factorial structure, construct validity, inter-rater and test–retest reliability, t-FAB-M vs. t-FAB-V equivalence and diagnostic accuracy were assessed. Norms were derived via Equivalent Scores.

Results
In HPs, t-FAB measures yielded high inter-rater/test–retest reliability (ICC = .78–.94), were internally related (p ≤ .005) and underpinned by a single component, converging with the telephone-based MMSE, VF, BDS (p ≤ .0013). The two t-FAB versions were statistically equivalent in clinical groups (ps of both equivalence bounds < .001). Education predicted all t-FAB scores (p < .001), whereas age only the t-FAB-M score (p ≤ .004). t-FAB scores converge with the in-person FAB in HPs and clinical groups (rs = .43–.78). Both t-FAB versions were accurate in discriminating HPs from the clinical cohort (AUC = .73-.76).

Discussion
The t-FAB is a normed, valid, reliable and clinically usable telephone-based cognitive screening test to adopt in both clinical and research practice.
Towards a multiscale QoE assessment of mediated social communication
Authors: Toet Alexander , Mioch Tina , Gunkel Simon N. B. , Niamut Omar , van Erp Jan B. F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractModern immersive multisensory communication systems can provide compelling mediated social communication experiences that approach face-to-facecommunication. Existing methods to assess the quality of mediated social communication experiences are typically targeted at specific tasks or communication technologies. As a result, they do not address all relevant aspects of social presence (i.e., the feeling of being in the presence of, and having an affective and intellectual connection with, other persons). Also, they are typically unsuitable for application to social communication in virtual (VR), augmented (AR), or mixed (MR) reality. We propose a comprehensive, general, and holistic multi-scale (questionnaire-based) approach, based on an established conceptual framework for multisensory perception, to measure the quality of mediated social communication experiences. Our holistic approach to mediated social communication (H-MSC) assessment comprises both the experience of Spatial Presence (i.e., the perceived fidelity, internal and external plausibility, and cognitive, reasoning, and behavioral affordances of an environment) and the experience of Social Presence (i.e., perceived mutual proximity, intimacy, credibility, reasoning, and behavior of the communication partners). Since social presence is inherently bidirectional (involving a sense of mutual awareness) the multiscale approach measures both the internal (‘own’) and external (‘the other’) assessment perspectives. We also suggest how an associated multiscale questionnaire (the Holistic Mediated Social Communication Questionnaire or H-MSC-Q) could be formulated in an efficient and parsimonious way, using only a single item to tap into each of the relevant processing levels in the human brain: sensory, emotional, cognitive, reasoning, and behavioral. The H-MSC-Q can be sufficiently general to measure social presence experienced with any (including VR, AR, and MR) multi-sensory (visual, auditory, haptic, and olfactory) mediated communication system. Preliminary validation studies confirm the content and face validity of the H-MSC-Q. In this paper, we focus on the underlying concepts of the H-MSC-Q. We make the initial draft questionnaire available to the community for further review, development, and validation. We hope it may contribute to the unification of quality measures for mediated social communication.
Extensions of hermitian linear functionals
Authors: Burderi Fabio , Trapani Camillo , Triolo Salvatore 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study, from a quite general point of view, the family of all extensions of a positive hermitian linear functional$$\omega $$ω, defined on a dense *-subalgebra$${\mathfrak {A}}_0$$A0of a topological *-algebra$${\mathfrak {A}}[\tau ]$$A[τ], with the aim of finding extensions that behave regularly. The sole constraint the extensions we are dealing with are required to satisfy is that their domain is a subspace of$$\overline{G(\omega )}$$G(ω)¯, the closure of the graph of$$\omega $$ω(these are the so-called slight extensions). The main results are two. The first is having characterized those elements of$${\mathfrak {A}}$$Afor which we can find a positive hermitian slight extension of$$\omega $$ω, giving the range of the possible values that the extension may assume on these elements; the second one is proving the existence of maximal positive hermitian slight extensions. We show as it is possible to apply these results in several contexts: Riemann integral, Infinite sums, and Dirac Delta.
Simultaneous Twinning and Microband-Induced Plasticity of a Compositionally Complex Alloy with Interstitial Carbon at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Tirunilai A. S. , Osmundsen R. , Baker I. , Chen H. , Weiss K.-P. , Heilmaier M. , Kauffmann A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntermediate to low stacking fault energy (SFE) high entropy alloys (HEA) have shown an excellent combination of strength and ductility as a result of deformation twinning and martensite transformation. However, even in the absence of these mechanisms HEA can show a good strength-ductility combination, as is the case with non-equiatomic (Fe40.4Ni11.3Mn34.8Al7.5Cr6)C1.1. The room temperature mechanical behavior of this alloy has been associated with Taylor lattice and microband formation. The current research focuses on tensile cryogenic deformation of this alloy and investigates if these features and/or alternate mechanisms like deformation twinning are obtained. Surprisingly, it is not one or the other but both deformation twinning and microband formation that are observed during cryogenic deformation. The activation of both deformation mechanisms is a combination that is not often reported as the former is generally associated with intermediate to low SFE alloys and the latter with intermediate to high SFE alloys. The activation of twinning in (Fe40.4Ni11.3Mn34.8Al7.5Cr6)C1.1 is attributed to the high yield stress-temperature variation, as a result of solid solution strengthening being far greater than in other commonly researched compositionally complex alloys. A ductility retention down to 4 K was observed, while simultaneously showing a significant increase in flow stress. Despite the intermediate to high SFE deformation behavior, (Fe40.4Ni11.3Mn34.8Al7.5Cr6)C1.1 exhibits excellent cryogenic strength-ductility combination.
Optimal consumption with Hindy–Huang–Kreps preferences under nonlinear expectations
Authors: Ferrari Giorgio , Li Hanwu , Riedel Frank 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe study an intertemporal consumption and portfolio choice problem under Knightian uncertainty in which agent’s preferences exhibit local intertemporal substitution. We also allow for market frictions in the sense that the pricing functional is nonlinear. We prove existence and uniqueness of the optimal consumption plan, and we derive a set of sufficient first-order conditions for optimality. With the help of a backward equation, we are able to determine the structure of optimal consumption plans. We obtain explicit solutions in a stationary setting in which the financial market has different risk premia for short and long positions.
Prevalence of mental disorders in refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Patanè Martina , Ghane Samrad , Karyotaki Eirini , Cuijpers Pim , Schoonmade Linda , Tarsitani Lorenzo , Sijbrandij Marit 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies have identified high rates of mental disorders in refugees, but most used self-report measures of psychiatric symptoms. In this study, we examined the percentages of adult refugees and asylum seekers meeting diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder (BPD), and psychosis.MethodsA systematic literature search in three databases was conducted. We included studies examining the prevalence of MDD, post-traumatic stress disorder, BPD, and psychosis in adult refugees according to a clinical diagnosis. To estimate the pooled prevalence rates, we performed a meta-analysis using the Meta-prop package in Stata (PROSPERO: CRD42018111778).ResultsWe identified 7048 records and 40 studies (11 053 participants) were included. The estimated pooled prevalence rates were 32% (95% CI 26–39%; I2= 99%) for MDD, 31% (95% CI 25–38%; I2= 99.5%) for post-traumatic stress disorder, 5% (95% CI 2–9%; I2 = 97.7%) for BPD, and 1% (95% CI 1–2%; I2= 0.00%) for psychosis. Subgroup analyses showed significantly higher prevalence rates of MDD in studies conducted in low-middle income countries (47%; 95% CI 38–57%, p = 0.001) than high-income countries studies (28%; 95% CI 22–33%), and in studies which used the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (37%; 95% CI 28–46% p = 0.05) compared to other diagnostic interviews (26%; 95% CI 20–33%). Studies among convenience samples reported significant (p = 0.001) higher prevalence rates of MDD (35%; 95% CI 23–46%) and PTSD (34%; 95% CI 22–47%) than studies among probability-based samples (MDD: 30%; 95% CI 21–39%; PTSD: 28%; 95% 19–37%).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis has shown a markedly high prevalence of mental disorders among refugees. Our results underline the devastating effects of war and violence, and the necessity to provide mental health intervention to address mental disorders among refugees. The results should be cautiously interpreted due to the high heterogeneity.
The role of linearity in sharing analysis
Authors: Amato Gianluca , Meo Maria Chiara , Scozzari Francesca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSharing analysis is used to statically discover data structures which may overlap in object-oriented programs. Using the abstract interpretation framework, we show that sharing analysis greatly benefits from linearity information. A variable is linear in a program state when different field paths starting from it always reach different objects. We propose a graph-based abstract domain which can represent aliasing, linearity, and sharing information and define all the necessary abstract operators for the analysis of a Java-like language.
Vertical Land Motion of the High Plains Aquifer Region of the United States: Effect of Aquifer Confinement Style, Climate Variability, and Anthropogenic Activity
Authors: Overacker Justine , Hammond William C. , Blewitt Geoffrey , Kreemer Corné 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe use GPS data to image vertical crustal velocities in the vicinity of the Great Plains physiographic province of the United States. In the southern Great Plains, we find crustal uplift of up to 2 mm/year in an area approximately 670 km × 280 km. This signal is spatially correlated with the area of greatest groundwater decline in the southern High Plains aquifer. To determine the uplift mechanism and its possible relation to aquifer depletion, we investigate changes in aquifer water content. Gravity data coupled with an elastic model show the uplift rate is consistent with hydrological unloading from anthropogenic aquifer depletion exacerbated by severe drought. Our model that encompasses two regions of greatest groundwater decline indicates a water volume loss of −5.1 km3/year is sufficient to match the observed signal. In other large aquifers, vertical crustal motions associated with groundwater depletion are often dominated by near‐field subsidence. Our results challenge the perception that vertical motions driven by aquifer depletion necessarily equate to near‐field subsidence. In the High Plains system, depletion causes near‐field uplift because of the combination of mass removal and the style of geologic reservoir. As current climate change models predict aggravated drought conditions in the southern Great Plains in the coming decades, we expect to see an increasing rate of uplift caused by groundwater depletion unless there is offsetting recharge or changes in water resource management.
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of US Floods: Current Status and Forecast Under a Future Warmer Climate
Authors: Li Zhi , Gao Shang , Chen Mengye , Gourley Jonathan J. , Hong Yang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFloods in the US exhibit strong spatiotemporal variability, mainly controlled by precipitation types and catchment attributes. In a future warmer climate, it remains largely unclear how such features change, relative to the current climate. Global Climate Models at coarse resolution cannot resolve convective‐scale storms which is one of the major weather systems causing devastating floods in the US. Alternatively, coupled, high‐resolution and continental‐scale climate and flood simulations can advance our understanding. In this study, we couple a 4‐km convection‐permitting climate simulation model with a 1‐km hydrologic model to simulate the spatiotemporal variability of rainfall and flooding over the contiguous US. In particular, changes in rainfall and flood frequency, spatial scale, and seasonality are explored in major climate divisions. We found: (a) an overall increase in flood frequency (+101.7%) and spatial extent (+44.9%), mainly attributed to more extreme rainfall and variability in the future; (b) weakening rainfall and flood seasonality, resulting in more random and unpredictable events throughout the year; (c) earlier flooding season onsets in the West and snow‐dominated regions while delayed onsets in the East driven by drier antecedent soil moisture; (d) correlation between extreme rainfall and flood onsets is becoming stronger in the West yet weaker in the East in the future. Findings in this study can potentially serve as a basis for future flood exposure and risk assessments, as well as more scientific understanding of changing flood‐generating mechanisms across the CONUS.
The Dependence of Cold and Hot Patches on Local Plasma Transport and Particle Precipitation in Northern Hemisphere Winter
Authors: Zhang Duan , Zhang Qing‐He , Ma Y.‐Z. , Oksavik Kjellmar , Lyons L. R. , Xing Zan‐Yang , Hairston Marc , Deng Z.‐X. , Liu J.‐J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBy using a database of 4,634 cold patches (high density and low electron temperature) and 4,700 hot patches (high density and high electron temperature) from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F16 in 2005–2018 winter months (October–March), we present a statistical survey of the distributions of polar cap patches for different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientations and ionospheric convection geometries. We investigate the dependence of cold and hot patches on local plasma transport and soft‐electron precipitation. Our results indicate that: in winter, (a) more cold and hot patches occur in the stronger anti‐sunward flow organized by different IMF orientations. (b) cold patches are frequent near the central polar cap, while hot patches are closer to the auroral oval. (c) enhanced anti‐sunward flow (E × B drift) mainly contributes to cold patch occurrence under Bz < 0, and soft‐electron precipitation contributes to hot patch occurrence both under southward and northward IMF.