bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
User performance with a transradial multi-articulating hand prosthesis during pattern recognition and direct control home use
Authors: Simon Ann , Turner Kristi , Miller Laura , Potter Benjamin , Beachler Mark , Dumanian Gregory , Hargrove Levi , Kuiken Todd 
Published: May 2022

<p>With the increasing availability of more advanced prostheses individuals with a transradial amputation can now be fit with single to multi-degree of freedom hands. Reliable and accurate control of these multi-grip hands still remains challenging. This is the first multi-user study to investigate at-home control and use of a multi-grip hand prosthesis under pattern recognition and direct control. Individuals with a transradial amputation were fitted with and trained to use an OSSUR i-Limb Ultra Revolution with Coapt COMPLETE CONTROL system. They participated in two 8-week home trials using the hand under myoelectric direct and pattern recognition control in a randomized order. While at home, participants demonstrated broader usage of grips in pattern recognition compared to direct control. After the home trial, they showed significant improvements in the Assessment of Capacity for Myoelectric Control (ACMC) outcome measure while using pattern recognition control compared to direct control; other outcome measures showed no differences between control styles. Additionally, this study provided a unique opportunity to evaluate EMG signals during home use. Offline analysis of calibration data showed that users were 81.5% [7.1] accurate across a range of three to five grips. Although EMG signal noise was identified during some calibrations, overall EMG quality was sufficient to provide users with control performance at or better than direct control. </p>
Specifics in Introduction and Functioning of the Currency Board in Bulgaria
Authors: Radukanov Sergey 
Published: May 2022

The article studies two main aspects of functioning of the currency board in Bulgaria: its characteristics and its specifics and peculiarities.
Concerning the characteristics of the currency board in Bulgaria, the attention is focused on several theoretical matters of the nature of the currency board: mechanism for introduction of the currency board; choosing the foreign currency, to which the local monetary unit is to be fixed; financing the initial currency reserve, in order for the currency board to start functioning; setting the fixed exchange rate to the reserve currency; establishing the amount of coverage of the quantity of cash in circulation by the currency reserves; administration of the currency board; implementation of the function “lender of last resort” in cases of liquidity crisis; supervision of the commercial banks’ operation.
Each country is characterized by its specifics in terms of management of public finances, condition of the real (non-financial) sector, service sector, monetary and banking system. These specifics are reflected in the monetary boards, introduced in the individual countries.
The article provides a detailed analysis of the specifics of the currency board in Bulgaria.
The options for an independent monetary policy of the central bank are heavily restricted, and on the other hand, the currency board attained the goal of its policy – ensuring of price stability. As of the present moment, Bulgaria joined the exchange rate mechanism (ERM II) in 2020 and makes every effort to cover the criteria for real convergence.
ANALISIS TRANSPARANSI PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA DI DESA SEKARPUTIH BALONGPANGGANG GRESIK
Authors: Suprobowati Dewi , Hariono Mahfud 
Published: May 2022

This study aims to describe the transparency and weaknesses of the village government in managing village funds in the village. Sekarputih, District. Balongpanggang, Kabuaten Gresik. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method and uses research data techniques with observation, interviews and documentation, and compares the results of interviews and data obtained by researchers with a theory and law. The sample used in this study is village government and community in Desa Sekarputih, Kecamatan. Balongpanggang, Kabuaten Gresik as many as 12 informants and data analysis techniques using the water model according to miles and Huberman (2012: 15-19). The results of this study indicate that the village government in Sekarputih Village is already in compliance with the reporting stage to the government by reporting through the SISKUDES system, while at the transparency stage to the community the Sekarputih village government is still less transparent. For weaknesses in realizing it is caused due to lack of community participation and understanding of the Village Fund (DD).
The TESS-Keck Survey. XI. Mass Measurements for Four Transiting Sub-Neptunes Orbiting K Dwarf TOI–1246
Authors: Turtelboom Emma V. , Weiss Lauren M. , Dressing Courtney D. , Nowak Grzegorz , Pallé Enric , Beard Corey , Blunt Sarah , Brinkman Casey , Chontos Ashley , Claytor Zachary R. , Dai Fei , Dalba Paul A. , Giacalone Steven , Gonzales Erica , Harada Caleb K. , Hill Michelle L. , Holcomb Rae , Korth Judith , Lubin Jack , Masseron Thomas , MacDougall Mason , Mayo Andrew W. , Močnik Teo , Akana Murphy Joseph M. , Polanski Alex S. , Rice Malena , Rubenzahl Ryan A. , Scarsdale Nicholas , Stassun Keivan G. , Tyler Dakotah B. , Zandt Judah Van , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Deeg Hans J. , Fulton Benjamin , Gandolfi Davide , Howard Andrew W. , Huber Dan , Isaacson Howard , Kane Stephen R. , Lam Kristine W. F. , Luque Rafael , Martín Eduardo L. , Morello Giuseppe , Orell-Miquel Jaume , Petigura Erik A. , Robertson Paul , Roy Arpita , Van Eylen Vincent , Baker David , Belinski Alexander A. , Bieryla Allyson , Ciardi David R. , Collins Karen A. , Cutting Neil , Della-Rose Devin J. , Ellingsen Taylor B. , Furlan E. , Gan Tianjun , Gnilka Crystal L. , Guerra Pere , Howell Steve B. , Jimenez Mary , Latham David W. , Larivière Maude , Lester Kathryn V. , Lillo-Box Jorge , Luker Lindy , Mann Christopher R. , Plavchan Peter P. , Safonov Boris , Skinner Brett , Strakhov Ivan A. , Wittrock Justin M. , Caldwell Douglas A. , Essack Zahra , Jenkins Jon M. , Quintana Elisa V. , Ricker George R. , Vanderspek Roland , Seager S. , Winn Joshua N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Multiplanet systems are valuable arenas for investigating exoplanet architectures and comparing planetary siblings. TOI-1246 is one such system, with a moderately bright K dwarf (V = 11.6, K = 9.9) and four transiting sub-Neptunes identified by TESS with orbital periods of 4.31, 5.90, 18.66, and 37.92 days. We collected 130 radial velocity observations with Keck/HIRES and TNG/HARPS-N to measure planet masses. We refit the 14 sectors of TESS photometry to refine planet radii (2.97 ± 0.06 R
⊕, 2.47 ± 0.08 R
⊕, 3.46 ± 0.09 R
⊕, and 3.72 ± 0.16 R
⊕) and confirm the four planets. We find that TOI-1246 e is substantially more massive than the three inner planets (8.1 ± 1.1 M
⊕, 8.8 ± 1.2 M
⊕, 5.3 ± 1.7 M
⊕, and 14.8 ± 2.3 M
⊕). The two outer planets, TOI-1246 d and TOI-1246 e, lie near to the 2:1 resonance (P
e/P

d
= 2.03) and exhibit transit-timing variations. TOI-1246 is one of the brightest four-planet systems, making it amenable for continued observations. It is one of only five systems with measured masses and radii for all four transiting planets. The planet densities range from 0.70 ± 0.24 to 3.21 ± 0.44 g cm−3, implying a range of bulk and atmospheric compositions. We also report a fifth planet candidate found in the RV data with a minimum mass of 25.6 ± 3.6 M
⊕. This planet candidate is exterior to TOI-1246 e, with a candidate period of 93.8 days, and we discuss the implications if it is confirmed to be planetary in nature.
Implications of a Temperature-dependent Initial Mass Function. II. An Updated View of the Star-forming Main Sequence
Authors: Steinhardt Charles L. , Sneppen Albert , Mostafa Basel , Hensley Hagan , Jermyn Adam S. , Lopez Adrian , Weaver John , Brammer Gabriel , Clark Thomas H. , Davidzon Iary , Diaconu Andrei C. , Mobasher Bahram , Rusakov Vadim , Toft Sune 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The stellar initial mass function (IMF) is predicted to depend upon the temperature of gas in star-forming molecular clouds. The introduction of an additional parameter, T
IMF, into photometric template fitting, allows galaxies to be fit with a range of IMFs. Three surprising new features appear: (1) most star-forming galaxies are best fit with a bottom-lighter IMF than the Milky Way; (2) most star-forming galaxies at fixed redshift are fit with a very similar IMF; and (3) the most-massive star-forming galaxies at fixed redshift instead exhibit a less bottom-light IMF, similar to that measured in quiescent galaxies. Additionally, since stellar masses and star formation rates both depend on the IMF, these results slightly modify the resulting relationship, while yielding similar qualitative characteristics to previous studies.
Local Spiral Structure Traced by Red Clump Stars
Authors: Lin Zehao , Xu Ye , Hou Ligang , Liu Dejian , Li Yingjie , Hao Chaojie , Li Jingjing , Bian Shuaibo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Using the cross-matched data of Gaia EDR3 and the Two Micron All Sky Survey Point Source Catalog, a sample of RC stars with parallax accuracies better than 20% is identified and used to reveal the nearby spiral pattern traced by old stars. As shown in the overdensity distribution of RC stars, there is an arc-like feature extending from l ∼ 90° to ∼243°, which passes close to the Sun. This feature is probably an arm segment traced by old stars, indicating the galaxy potential in the vicinity of the Sun. With a comparison to the spiral arms depicted by young objects, we found that there are considerable offsets between the two different components of the Galactic spiral arms. The spiral arm traced by RC stars tends to have a larger pitch angle, and hence a more loosely wound pattern.
The GALEX-PTF Experiment. II. Supernova Progenitor Radius and Energetics via Shock-cooling Modeling
Authors: Ganot Noam , Ofek Eran O. , Gal-Yam Avishay , Schulze Steve , Soumagnac Maayane T. , Morag Jonathan , Waxman Eli , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Neill James 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The radius and surface composition of an exploding massive star, as well as the explosion energy per unit mass, can be measured using early ultraviolet (UV) observations of core-collapse supernovae (CC SNe). We present the results from a simultaneous Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) search for early UV emission from SNe. We analyze five CC SNe for which we obtained near-UV (NUV) measurements before the first ground-based R-band detection. We introduce SOPRANOS, a new maximum likelihood fitting tool for models with variable temporal validity windows, and use it to fit the Sapir & Waxman shock-cooling model to the data. We report four Type II SNe with progenitor radii in the range of R
* ≈ 600–1100 R
⊙ and a shock velocity parameter in the range of v

s* ≈ 2700–6000 km s−1 (E/M ≈ 2–8 × 1050 erg/M
⊙) and one Type IIb SN with R
* ≈ 210 R
⊙ and v

s* ≈ 11,000 km s−1 (E/M ≈ 1.8 × 1051 erg/M
⊙). Our pilot GALEX/PTF project thus suggests that a dedicated, systematic SN survey in the NUV band, such as the wide-field UV explorer ULTRASAT mission, is a compelling method to study the properties of SN progenitors and SN energetics.
Milliarcsecond X-Ray Astrometry to Resolve Inner Regions of AGN at z > 1 Using Gravitational Lensing
Authors: Spingola Cristiana , Schwartz Daniel , Barnacka Anna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report the localization of the X-ray emission from two strongly lensed AGN, CLASS B0712+472 (z = 1.34) and CLASS B1608+656 (z = 1.394). We obtain milliarcsecond X-ray astrometry by developing a novel method that combines parametric lens modeling with a Bayesian analysis. We spatially locate the X-ray sources in CLASS B0712+472 and CLASS B1608+656 within 11 mas and 9 mas from the radio source, respectively. For CLASS B0712+472, we find that the X-ray emission is cospatial with the radio and optical emission. On the other hand, for CLASS B1608+656, the X-ray emission is cospatial with radio but displaced with respect to the optical emission at the 1σ level, which positions this source as an offset AGN candidate. This high astrometric precision improves on the limitations of existing X-ray instruments by two orders of magnitude. The demonstrated method opens a path to search for offset and binary AGN at z > 1, and to directly test supermassive black hole formation models in a redshift range that has been mostly underconstrained to date.
Solar Flare Heating with Turbulent Suppression of Thermal Conduction
Authors: Allred Joel C. , Kerr Graham S. , Gordon Emslie A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
During solar flares, plasma is typically heated to very high temperatures, and the resulting redistribution of energy via thermal conduction is a primary mechanism transporting energy throughout the flaring solar atmosphere. The thermal flux is usually modeled using Spitzer’s theory, which is based on local Coulomb collisions between the electrons carrying the thermal flux and those in the background. However, often during flares, temperature gradients become sufficiently steep that the collisional mean free path exceeds the temperature-gradient scale size, so that thermal conduction becomes inherently nonlocal. Further, turbulent angular scattering, which is detectable in nonthermal widths of atomic emission lines, can also act to increase the collision frequency and thus suppress the heat flux. Recent work by Emslie & Bian extended Spitzer’s theory of thermal conduction to account for both nonlocality and turbulent suppression. We have implemented their theoretical expression for the heat flux (which is a convolution of the Spitzer flux with a kernel function) into the RADYN flare-modeling code and performed a parameter study to understand how the resulting changes in thermal conduction affect the flare dynamics and hence the radiation produced. We find that models with reduced heat fluxes predict slower bulk flows, less intense line emission, and longer cooling times. By comparing the features of atomic emission lines predicted by the models with Doppler velocities and nonthermal line widths deduced from a particular flare observation, we find that models with suppression factors between 0.3 and 0.5 relative to the Spitzer value best reproduce the observed Doppler velocities across emission lines forming over a wide range of temperatures. Interestingly, the model that best matches the observed nonthermal line widths has a kappa-type velocity distribution function.
Testing High-energy Emission Models for Blazars with X-Ray Polarimetry
Authors: Peirson Abel L. , Liodakis Ioannis , Romani Roger W. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Both leptonic and hadronic emission processes may contribute to blazar jet emission; which dominates in blazars’ high-energy emission component remains an open question. Some intermediate synchrotron peaked blazars transition from their low- to high-energy emission components in the X-ray band making them excellent laboratories to probe both components simultaneously, and good targets for the newly launched Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). We characterize the spectral energy distributions for three such blazars, CGRaBS J0211+1051, TXS 0506+056, and S5 0716+714, predicting their X-ray polarization behavior by fitting a multizone polarized leptonic jet model. We find that a significant detection of electron synchrotron dominated polarization is possible with a 300 ks observation for S5 0716+714 and CGRaBS J0211+1051 in their flaring states, while even 500 ks observations are unlikely to measure synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) polarization. Importantly, nonleptonic emission processes like proton synchrotron are marginally detectable for our brightest intermediate synchrotron peaked blazar (ISP), S5 0716+714, during a flaring state. Improved IXPE data reduction methods or next-generation telescopes like eXTP are needed to confidently measure SSC polarization.
De la reconnaissance à la considération. Penser les implications sociales et politiques de l’image « des quartiers »
Authors: Kühl Nicolas 
Published: May 2022

La question de la reconnaissance sociale est centrale lorsque l’on s’intéresse à l’image « des quartiers » et de leurs habitant·es. À travers les discours et les représentations dominantes sur ces espaces, il se met en place un processus de disqualification et de stigmatisation des habitant·es des quartiers dits prioritaires qui les « empêche d’être pleinement acceptés dans la société » (Goffman, 1975, p. 7). Ce processus, qui se met en place dans l’espace (géographique et social) et par l’espace (considéré comme un attribut du social), porte en lui des implications sociales et politiques. Cet article propose ainsi de penser l’expérience subjective d’un déni de reconnaissance de la part des habitant·es de ces espaces urbains (Honneth, 2013, 2015) et cela dans une perspective de justice sociale (Fraser, 2005).
L’environnement comme problème stratégique : transition énergétique et changement climatique dans les armées françaises
Authors: Palle Angélique , Jolly Édouard 
Published: May 2022

Cet article analyse la réception et l’interprétation par les forces françaises des travaux scientifiques relatifs aux dynamiques de transition énergétique et à l’hypothèse des « guerres du climat ». Ces deux éléments posent, à moyen terme, à la fois des questions d’ordre structurel et opérationnel pour les armées, telles que le changement de l’environnement opérationnel, le maintien en fonctionnement du matériel, l’approvisionnement énergétique en opération ou encore les impacts environnementaux des conflits avec leurs conséquences sur les populations civiles. Les armées se sont emparées de ces sujets récemment et des réflexions en leur sein sont en cours, réflexions dont cette contribution vise à donner les orientations et les premières conséquences sur les trois niveaux de responsabilité : stratégique, opératif et tactique. Transition énergétique et changement climatique vont ainsi soumettre les forces françaises à de nouvelles pressions, qu’il s’agisse de leur emploi en situation avérée de conflit, alors catalysé par les transformations environnementales, ou de leur emploi en situation non belliqueuse, pour la protection des populations civiles en cas de catastrophe par exemple.
La régionalisation de la sécurité environnementale et le rôle des forces armées : le cas de l’Asie du Sud
Authors: Jayaram Dhanasree , Chervaux Maxime 
Published: May 2022

Au niveau international, nous observons une tendance à la « régionalisation » de la sécurité environnementale, au sein de laquelle les forces armées prennent de l’importance. L’Asie du Sud présente à ce titre de nombreuses vulnérabilités environnementales qui se mêlent aux dynamiques (géo)politiques. Il y existe par ailleurs des structures qui impliquent des coopérations militaires et qui favorisent la sécurité environnementale. L’article se penche ainsi sur le discours de la sécurité environnementale « régionale » dans le contexte de l’Asie du Sud. Il analyse en particulier les modèles de conflit et de coopération, en utilisant les cas du conflit du glacier de Siachen et de l’Assistance humanitaire et des secours en cas de catastrophe ( Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief , HADR). L’article présente les dimensions militaires de la sécurité environnementale en Asie du Sud et soutient que ces modèles indiquent une tendance à la régionalisation de la coopération.
La responsabilité de préparer et de prévenir (R2P2) : développer une architecture de gouvernance de la sécurité climatique
Authors: Thomas Michael , Fleishman Rachel , Femia Francesco , Werrell Caitlin , Chervaux Maxime 
Published: May 2022

Le changement climatique représente une menace sans précédent, qui impacte les systèmes physiques, sanitaires, économiques et politiques, et qui affecte les populations vulnérables. Il est aussi une menace pour la sécurité internationale, nationale et humaine. Les effets du changement climatique aggravent les facteurs qui affaiblissent les liens sociétaux, détruisent les ressources critiques, mettent à l’épreuve les capacités militaires et affaiblissent les gouvernements. Cet effet de « multiplicateur de menaces » est particulièrement probable dans des zones qui ont une forte dépendance agricole, une prévalence pour les institutions politiques discriminatoires, et une histoire conflictuelle. Les dirigeants politiques et militaires ont la responsabilité d’être à la hauteur de cet ensemble de défis. Faire cela implique de traiter de manière systématique et holistique les risques sécuritaires liés au climat, de réduire la probabilité d’instabilité et de conflit, et de promouvoir des voies d’adaptation et de développement durable. Heureusement, les outils de prévision pour ce faire existent aujourd’hui, à la fois dans la science climatique et dans l’analyse militaire. Armés de cette prévision, les gouvernements globaux, les forces armées, l’humanitaire et les communautés diplomatiques peuvent mobiliser efficacement pour combattre la menace du changement climatique.
Sécurisation du climat, climatisation de la défense : des dynamiques complémentaires ?
Authors: Alex Bastien 
Published: May 2022

À la différence de l’environnement , préoccupation d’abord perçue par les armées modernes comme une source potentielle de contraintes réglementaires et normatives, le climat a peut-être été plus rapidement appréhendé comme un objet stratégique puis opérationnel. L’intérêt suscité par les potentielles conséquences sécuritaires du changement climatique s’est donc accompagné d’une réflexion sur les implications pour le secteur de la Défense, pris dans son ensemble. Il s’agit d’en comprendre les dynamiques et limites mais aussi les défis à relever pour pleinement intégrer le changement climatique aux paramètres de l’équation stratégique.
Quel climat en France en 2050 et 2100 ?
Authors: Schwarz Virginie , Soubeyroux Jean-Michel 
Published: May 2022

La France n’est pas épargnée par l’ampleur du changement climatique constaté et à venir. DRIAS2020, le nouveau jeu de projections climatiques mis à disposition par Météo-France, précise à l’échelle de la métropole les évolutions climatiques décrites dans les travaux du GIEC. Jusqu’au milieu de ce siècle, l’évolution est peu dépendante des scénarios d’émissions de gaz à effet de serre, avec un réchauffement moyen de + 1,7°C ainsi que la multiplication d’événements extrêmes, tels que les vagues de chaleur ou les sécheresses des sols. À l’horizon 2100, l’évolution, en revanche, dépend fortement des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, avec une climatologie de notre pays totalement bouleversée et des impacts majeurs sur l’ensemble de nos activités, si les émissions ne sont pas significativement réduites. Ces projections rappellent l’urgence à agir pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Elles constituent également la base pour le développement par Météo-France de services climatiques qui apportent aux différents secteurs d’activité des aides à la décision pour leur permettre de s’adapter à des évolutions déjà inéluctables.