bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Urbanization on the Dynamics of Ecosystem Services: An Analysis for Decision Making in Kolkata Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Das Subhasis , Shit Pravat Kumar , Bera Biswajit , Adhikary Partha Pratim 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The structural strength and functional diversity of ecosystems were maintained by natural process, where the living organisms interact with their physical environment and exchange materials between them. Land use and land cover change exert significant impact on ecosystem services and their values, especially in the urban agglomerations. Kolkata urban agglomeration of India has been selected to determine the causes in changes of ecosystem services under present and projected land use land cover scenario. Land use land cover maps of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 were prepared by support vector machine method, using LANDSAT satellite imageries and projected maps were produced with the help of CA-Markov model. Built-up land was increased by 65.39% during 1990–2020 and it will be increased by 76.88% during the period 1990–2040. Built-up lands are mainly encroaching crop lands and wetlands. The ecosystem service value will be decreased from $38486.49 during 1990 to $28060.79 during 2040. The rate of change of ecosystem service value was -27.09% during the same period. In Kolkata urban agglomeration, area under very low ecosystem service value will be increased from 16.60 to 58.88% during 1990-2040; whereas, the area coverage of very high ecosystem service value will be decreased from 2.69 to 2.35% during the same period. Water supply contributed highest ecosystem service value followed by disturbance regulation and nutrient cycling; whereas, lacking in soil formation, pollination and biological control services contributed lowest. The study will contribute for decision making process in sustainable management of natural resources and also provide some useful guidelines for the improvement of ecological quality in the study landscape.
Reduced-Port Robotic Radical Gastrectomy For Gastric Cancer: A Single-Institute Experience
Authors: Wang Chih-Yuan , Chen Yu-Hsien , Huang Ting-Shuo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Reduced-port gastrectomy can potentially reduce postoperative pain and improve recovery time. However, the inherent difficulty caused by the narrow manipulation angle makes this operation difficult, especially during lymph node dissection. The intrinsic advantage of the da Vinci robotic system might offset this difficulty, maintaining adequate surgical quality with risks of surgical complications equal to those by the conventional four-port robotic approach. The aim of this study was to compare the reduced-port robotic approach and the conventional four-port approach in terms of postoperative pain and short-term surgical outcomes. Methods: All patients who underwent radical gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection using the da Vinci Xi robotic system, including reduced-port or conventional four-port approach, were analyzed retrospectively. The primary outcome was postoperative pain assessed using the numerical rating scale (NRS). The secondary outcomes were the number of harvested lymph nodes, operation time, length of hospital stay, and postoperative 30-day complications. Results: Postoperative NRS revealed no significant difference between the reduced-port and conventional four-port groups (postoperative day (POD) 1: 4.5 vs 3, p = 0.047, POD 3: 4 vs 3, p = 0.178). After propensity score matching, there were no significant differences in the median number of harvested lymph nodes, operation time, and length of hospital stay between the groups. The postoperative 30-day complications were more frequent in the conventional four-port group, but there was no significant difference compared with the reduced-port group after propensity score matching. Conclusion: Reduced-port robotic gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection was not inferior to the conventional four-port robotic operation in terms of postoperative pain, surgical quality, and short-term outcomes. The surgeon should achieve a balance between cosmetic concerns and patient safety.
Excess Weight Loss after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: The Trend and Associated Factors for weight loss
Authors: Tizmaghz Adnan , Eghbali Foolad , Hosseini Bahareh , Pazouki Abdolreza , Hajmohammadi Amir , Karami Reza 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Historically Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been considered the gold standard of bariatric surgery. This procedure acts as a mixed restrictive and malabsorptive operation.Methods This retrospective cohort study included 410 morbidly obese patients (BMI>40kg/m² or BMI>35kg/m² along with at least one major comorbidity) who underwent primary laparoscopic RYGB surgery from 2009 to 2015 by a single surgery team. The patients were aged 18 years and older with at least 12 months follow-up with alimentary and biliopancreatic limb length of 150 and 50cm respectively. Percent excess weight loss (%EWL), Percent excess BMI loss (%EBMIL) and comorbidity resolution were compared in short-term (12 months) and mid-term (12-60 months) follow-up.Results The mean±SD age, weight, and BMI at surgery were 40.1±10.58 years, 123.32±19.88 kg, and 45.78±5.54 kg/m2, respectively, and 329 (80%) were female and 62 (15%) had T2DM. Mean±SD %EWL and %EBMIL was significantly higher in T2DM patients 9 months postoperatively and thereafter. Age at surgery, lower educational level, being single, and female patients had no significant effect on %EWL and %EBMIL during long-term follow-up. Patients with lower BMI at surgery (<50kg/m²) and non-diabetic patients had a significantly lower %EWL and %EBMIL over a short- and long-term follow-up (P<0.001).Conclusions Bariatric surgery remains the most efficacious and durable weight loss treatment. However, a proportion of patients will experience unfavorable weight loss following bariatric surgery.
Effect of Equal Channel Angular Pressing on the Properties of Rolled Commercial Purity A1100 Aluminum
Authors: boussaada mohammed abdelkrim , MEBAREK ABDELMALEK , BOUASLA ABDELAZIZ , ZAAF MOHAMED 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Commercial grade A1100 aluminum specimens, widely used in deep drawing, is subjected to rolling followed by severe plastic deformation by Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). The ECAP die is designed and built in 42CrMo4 steel, hyper-hardened. It has a bent channel with an internal angle 𝜑=115° and an external angle ψ = 8°. The used deformation paths are the conventional route A as well as a non-conventional route noted Ci. The ECAP process is carried out at room temperature. The lowering speed of the movable crosshead of the press is 0.5 mm/s. The rolled and then extruded aluminum properties are studied by means of micro-hardness measurements, tensile tests and X-ray diffraction. Hardening is observed from the first pass, for both routes. The ultimate tensile strength presents a small variation for route A and decrease for route Ci. The elongation to failure increase for both A and Ci routes. The average grain diameter is on the order of 2,9µm after rolling and 1,3 µm after ECAP process in one pass.
PDGF-BB-Derived Supramolecular Hydrogel for Promoting Skin Wound Healing
Authors: Jian Ke , Yang Chenghao , Li Tingting , Shen Jun , Wei Jiaying , Yang Zhimou , Yuan Dan , Zhao Mingyi , Shi Junfeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a major challenge to the present healthcare system. In recent decades, many topical therapies have been investigated for the treatment of chronic wounds, including different types of wound dressings, antimicrobial agents, and cell therapy. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) plays an important role in wound healing and has been approved for treatment of wounds related to diabetes mellitus. However, the high cost and short retention time of PDGF protein have limited its wide application. To overcome this challenge, we designed a PDGF-mimicking peptide by connecting PDGF epitope VRKIEIVRKK and self-assembling motif derived from -amyloid peptide. The resultant peptide can self-assemble into a fibril-rich network and leads to supramolecular hydrogelation with good stability. The hydrophilic epitope can be exposed on the surface of nanofibrils, which might contribute to the binding and activation of PDGF receptors. The forming hydrogel is able to induce the growth and migration of vascular endothelial cells and promote the formation of vascular branches. In the full-thickness skin wounds of healthy mice, after the application of the hydrogel, the density of neovascularization marked by CD31 was greater than that in the control group on Day 3. Larger collagen deposition and a thicker epidermis were observed on Day 12. These results demonstrate that the hydrogel can stimulate collagen deposition and angiogenesis, enhance skin regeneration, and show an excellent therapeutic effect. Taken together, this work not only provides new insight into the design of bioactive peptides but also offers a promising biomaterial for wound healing.
On the function of lead (Pb) in machining brass alloys
Authors: Johansson Jakob , Alm Per , M’Saoubi Rachid , Malmberg Per , Ståhl Jan-Eric , Bushlya Volodymyr 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Lead has traditionally been added to brass alloys to achieve high machinability, but the exact mechanisms at work are still debated. Lead-free brass alternatives could be developed if these mechanisms were better understood. Accordingly, machinability characteristics were investigated for two brass alloys with similar mechanical properties and phase composition, but with very different machining characteristics because one has 3 wt.% lead (CuZn38Pb3) while the other has only 0.1 wt.% (CuZn42). The effect of the lead was investigated using infrared temperature measurement, electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, quick-stop methods, and high-speed filming. Neither melting of lead nor its deposition on the tool rake surface takes place during machining, thus confirming its limited lubrication and tribological effects. Instead, the main role of lead is to promote discontinuous chip formation. Lead deforms to flake-like shapes that act as crack initiation points when the workpiece material passes through the primary deformation zone. This effect prevents the development of stable tool–chip contact, thus lowering cutting forces, friction, and process temperature.
p75NTR Regulates Morphine-induced CPP and Related mRNA Expression in Adolescent Mice through Trk Dependent Pathway
Authors: Zhang Qian , Li Jiaqi , Wu Dong , Zhang Xiulei , Xiao Hai , Zhang Yuwei , Qin Litao , Liao Shixiu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Drug abuses in adolescents have become a major public health concern, and one of the major abusive drugs is morphine. p75NTR is an age-related receptor that can mediate synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Previous studies also show that its signaling pathway is involved in some drug-taking behaviors. Using morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) of mice, the present study aims to analyze changes of p75NTR in the hippocampus. As the expression and function of p75NTR can be regulated by the activities of Trk receptors, we also aim to detect whether the activation of Trk can regulate changes in expressions of p75NTR and acquisitions of morphine-induced CPP. Our results show that the expression of p75NTR in the hippocampus is significantly increased in the morphine-induced CPP of adolescent mice, but not in that of adult mice. It can be explained by that the p75NTR plays a more important role in the brains of adolescent mice. We also find a Trk phosphorylation inhibitor, K252a, can reduce the preference values of CPP in adolescent mice, as well as attenuating the mRNA expression of p75NTR and its downstream molecular, CDC42, in the hippocampus of adolescent mice. The present study suggests that the p75NTR may be an age-related regulator of morphine abuse, and its function may be regulated by the activity of Trk.
A High-Fat Diet Enriched with Fish Oil Affects Metabolic Pathways in The Hypothalamus of Rats: A Proteomic Approach
Authors: de Souza Adriana Pereira , Pedroso Amanda Paula , de Andrade Maria Claudina Camargo , Telles Mônica Marques , Boldarine Valter Tadeu , Oyama Lila Missae , Tashima Alexandre Keiji , Ribeiro Eliane Beraldi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Fatty acids of the n-3 series are recognized as a healthy type of fat but the effects of excess n-3 consumption have not been fully explored. The hypothalamus is a key site in the control of energy homeostasis and a better understanding of the effects of dietary challenges on this brain site is necessary.Objective: To evaluate whether the long-term intake of a high-fat diet enriched fish-oil, rich in n-3 fat, modify the proteins content of the hypothalamus.Methods: Male rats received for 8 weeks either a Control normolipidic diet or a hyperlipidic Fish oil diet. The hypothalami were dissected and processed for proteomic analysis, performed by LC-MS/MS. False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction for multiple testing was performed. Enriched pathways were determined using the Panther online platform.Results: Twenty-nine proteins were significantly altered between the Control and the Fish groups, of which 15 were down-regulated and 14 were up-regulated in the Fish group. Pathway-enrichment analysis showed that 10 of those proteins were related to “Metabolism of Carbohydrate” and “TCA Cycle and Respiratory Electron Transport” pathways. Of these, 7 proteins were upregulated (Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1; Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial; Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; Malate dehydrogenase mitochondrial; L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain; Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial; Alpha-enolase) and 3 were downregulated (Phosphoglycerate mutase 1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial). Conclusions: The chronic intake of a hyperlipidic diet rich in fish oil led to modifications on the expression of several hypothalamic proteins related to metabolic pathways. There are indications of possible pro-inflammatory activation and impairment of respiratory chain Complex 1 function, probably due to the excess fat content of the diet. Also, a protective role played by the type of fat was suggested by the findings indicating possible decrease of reactive oxygen species production, maintenance of NADH delivery to the respiratory chain, and production of anorexigenic signals. The results suggest that, although n-3 fat has recognized healthy properties, its consumption in excess affects the hypothalamus with deleterious effects. Further studies are necessary to verify these effects.
Differential Expression of Ago2-Mediated MicroRNA Signaling in Adipose Tissue is Associated with Food Induced Obesity
Authors: Zhang Hansi , Qiao Liang , Liu Xiaoxuan , Han Xiaojing , Kang Jing , Liu Yanli , Lin Juntang , Yan Xin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Obesity is strongly linked to the dysregulation of adipose tissues. Previous studies have reported that the roles of Ago2 mediated microRNA signaling in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and obesity. However, it is unclear whether this function extends to in adipose tissue. Here we sought to further understand the role of Ago2 in the adiposity during obesity.Methods: We first analyzed the food induced obese mouse models for alterations in body weight, glucose and energy homeostasis, subsequently characterized the expression of Ago2-miR148-AMPKα signaling pathway. Finally, hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to analyze the morphological changes in adipose pads and liver. Results: Here we show that high-fat diet feeding mice exhibited an increase in body mass alongside systematic insulin resistance and altered rate of energy expenditure. Interestingly, Ago2 expression is associated with obesity and increased in adipose tissues. Moreover, increase of Ago2 inhibited the expression of AMPKα by promoting its targeting by miR-148a, the most abundant microRNA in the adipose tissues.Conclusion: Those results suggested that Ago2-miR-148a-AMPKα signaling pathway play an important function in the developing obesity and adiposity and will further provide basic research data for the potential clinic treatment of obesity.
An Open-Source Non-Contact Automatic Alcohol Gel Dispenser by using Embedded Real-Time Systems
Authors: Benmahdjoub Mohammed Amin , Mezouar Abdelkader , Bossche Alex Van den 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper is intended to solve a detail in the precautions to avoid the spreading of the coronavirus. Indeed, spreading by contact could lead to a new outbreak of the epidemic and a return of coronavirus. Two applied means to avoid the spread of COVID-19 are wearing masks and using an alcohol gel dispenser. In this paper, a non-contact automatic alcohol gel dispensed (AAGD) is proposed. This device is based on microcontroller device “Arduino Nano”, Ultrasonic sensor “HC-SR05” and servo-motor of 1 Nm. It can be used and integrated in the schools, markets, and different companies. In this focus, the AAGD works without touching by hand that could have touched the nose and not cleaned 100%. This property is important in this crisis period, especially since the appearance of coronavirus delta variant. This real-time device is nice to operate, and could be produced using quite common control devices, a too high or complicated technology level would reduce its application.
Perspectives and Prospects on mRNA Vaccine Development for
COVID-19
Authors: Jin Lihui , Han Zhenyuan , Zhao Pengjun , Sun Kun 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic,
since first reported in Wuhan, has inspired worldwide efforts to develop effective
COVID-19 vaccination strategies. mRNA vaccines encoding COVID-19 antigens have
emerged prominantlyin this global race due to their high effectiveness and simple manufacturing
process. Notably, two COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2,
have survived in clinical trials and been authorized for emergency use across
variouscountries.

Summary:
Recent advances on mRNA vaccine development for COVID-19 are discussed
in this perspective, including sequence design, chemical modification, manufacturing
process, and in vivo delivery. Phase I to IV clinical trials of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2
are then summarized, respectively.

Perspective:
Using mRNA vaccines is a promising strategy to achieve mass vaccination
in the COVID-19 pandemic. We hope that future studies of mRNA vaccine technology
will overcome existing limitations and help people cope with COVID-19.
The Development of Zinc and Zinc/Copper Reagents for the Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Amino Acids
Authors: Gair Susan , Jackson Richard F.W. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
The application of organometallic chemistry to the synthesis of highly functionalised target compounds has seen very significant advances in the last 15 years. In particular, the realisation that carbon-zinc bonds are compatible with many functional groups has transformed the general perception of the utility of organozinc compounds. This review describes the development of synthetic methods for the preparation of a wide variety of unnatural amino acids using organozinc and zinc/copper reagents derived from simple, readily available amino acids such as serine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid. In the case of serine, standard protection of the amino acid functionality, followed by conversion of the free alcohol into an iodide, yields a stable crystalline compound that may be converted into the corresponding alkylzinc iodide by treatment with suitably activated zinc metal. This alkylzinc iodide, formed without loss of stereochemical integrity, can react under palladium catalysis with many electrophiles (including iodoaromatics and acid chlorides) to give a wide variety of useful products. Examples from several other laboratories of the applications of the method to the preparation of phenylalanine derivatives are discussed. Extension of this approach to alkyl iodides derived from aspartic acid and glutamic acid leads to a further array of a-, p- and y-amino acids. Some key observations about the stability of these reagents, especially those bearing a P-amido group, have lead to the optimisation of the process, specifically in terms of the use of dipolar aprotic solvents.
Small Molecule Recognition: Solid Angles Surface Representation and Molecular Shape Complementarity
Authors: Norel R. , Wolfson H. J. , Nussinov R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Here we examine the recognition of small molecules by their protein and DNA receptors. We focus on two questions: First, how well does the solid angle molecular surface representation perform in fitting together the surfaces of small ligands, such as drugs and cofactors to their corresponding receptors; And second, in particular, to what extent does the shape complementarity play a role in the matching (recognition) process of such small molecules. Both questions have been investigated in protein-protein binding: "Critical Points" based on solid angle calculations have been shown to perform well in the matching of large protein molecules. They are robust, may be few in numbers, and capture satisfactorily the molecular shape. Shape complementarity has been shown to be a critical factor in protein­ protein recognition, but has not been examined in drug-receptor recognition.
To probe these questions, here we dock 185 receptor-small ligand molecule pairs. We find that such a representation performs adequately for the smaller ligands too, and that shape complementarity is also observed. These issues are important, given the large databases of drugs that routinely have to be scanned to find candidate, lead compounds.
We have been able to carry out such large scale docking experiments owing to our efficient, computer-vision based docking algorithms. Its fast CPU matching times, on the order of minutes on a PC, allows such large scale docking experiments.