bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mixed aorist subjunctive in Classical Armenian
Authors: Kocharov Petr 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The paper is dedicated to the pattern of voice marking found in the aorist subjunctive of Classical Armenian that combines the mediopassive ending of the 1st person singular with active and labile endings in the remaining forms of the paradigm. The pattern forms a stable inflectional type in verbs with the i-stem aorist but is also marginally attested in other verbal classes. The goal of the present paper is to describe the distribution of the mixed subjunctive in the early Classical Armenian texts and clarify its origin.
Form and Function in Tort Theory
Authors: Keating Gregory C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Contemporary tort theory is a contest between instrumentalism and formalism. The prominence of instrumentalism is no surprise. American tort theory was born in the work of Oliver Wendell Holmes and his views were resolutely, if elusively, instrumentalist. Until very recently, economic views have dominated contemporary discussions of tort law in the American Legal Academy, and the economic analysis of torts is uncompromisingly instrumentalist. The rise of formalism, by contrast, is surprising. Legal realism swept over American legal thought long ago. Ever since, formalism has been treated more as epithet than as credible position by American legal scholars. In contemporary tort theory, though, formalism has roared back to life and struck some powerful blows against instrumentalism. Tort, these neo-formalists argue, is not an instrument for the pursuit of independently valuable ends. It is an institution whose norms are constitutive of just relations among persons. The bipolar, backward-looking form of the ordinary tort lawsuit has been the fulcrum that critics of economic analysis have used to pivot tort theory away from economic instrumentalism. That form, prominent tort theorists have persuasively argued, instantiates a backward-looking morality of responsibility, not a forward-looking morality of regulation. But the formalist enterprise has its own weaknesses. For one thing, formalist tort theory has tended to reshape tort law in ways that beg the questions that the theory purports to answer. For another, just relations among persons are a matter of substance as well as form. In the case of tort law, just relations require that tort law identify and safeguard those interests urgent enough to justify imposing reciprocal responsibilities of care and repair. We cannot, therefore, pull the rabbit of a convincing conception of tort law out of the hat of the field’s formal structure. What tort theory needs is two-pronged theory—theory that can both make sense of form and—by attending to tort law’s role in safeguarding our urgent interests from impairment and interference at each other’s hands—also illuminate tort law’s independently significant substance.
Is Laughing at Morally Oppressive Jokes Like Being Disgusted by Phony Dog Feces? An Analysis of Belief and Alief in the Context of Questionable Humor
Authors: Kramer Chris A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In two very influential papers from 2008, Tamar Gendler introduced the concept of “alief” to describe the mental state one is in when acting in ways contrary to their consciously professed beliefs. For example, if asked to eat what they know is fudge, but shaped into the form of dog feces, they will hesitate, and behave in a manner that would be consistent with the belief that the fudge is really poop. They alieve that it is disgusting, while they believe it is not. This paper investigates laughter from self-proclaimed egalitarian, tolerant folk, in response to oppressive jokes that might fit the alief-model. If I merely alieve the content of a joke at which I laugh, will that constitute morally exculpating reasons for such laughter? And what else might it imply? This paper will provide insights at the intersections of humor studies, ethics, epistemology, phenomenology, and the philosophy of mind, all while being moderately and appropriately amusing.
Prognostic factors in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Yalçıner Merih , İlhan Osman 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare thrombotic microangiopathy with no standardized prognostic model to predict mortality. The aim of the study is to determine parameters associated with TTP-related mortality.

Methods
In this cross-sectional, retrospective study, 77 TTP patients, treated with therapeutic plasma exchange between 2001 and 2019 in Ankara University Faculty of Medicine were included.

Results
There was no significant relationship between ADAMTS13 inhibitor levels, activity and mortality. Median number of plasmapheresis was 10 (2–32), higher in patients with complete response. Anemia, kidney injury and LDH levels were associated with survival; there was no significant relationship between platelet counts at the time of diagnosis and mortality. Mortality was lower in patients with platelet counts above 100 × 109/L and normalized LDH after treatment. Hemoglobin, albumin, LDH and creatinine levels at the time platelet counts exceeded 50 × 109/L were associated with survival.

Conclusions
We determined several clinical and laboratory parameters associated with mortality. Fewer numbers of plasmapheresis was associated with mortality; thus other treatments as rituximab and caplacizumab should be considered early in non-responders. Including changes in laboratory parameters may be considered in prognostic scoring systems to be developed in the future.
Trace cadmium ion detection using optical fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer coated with PVA/TEOS/APTES
Authors: Xie Song , Liu Yushan , Chen Hongliang , Yang Xiaozhan , Feng Wenlin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A cadmium ion (Cd2+) sensor based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)/3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) film integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometer was fabricated and evaluated. The three core fiber (TCF) is spliced with two single mode fibers (SMFs), one end of TCF and SMF are spliced with enlarged taper, and the other end of TCF is directly spliced with another SMF. PVA/TEOS/APTES composite film is coated on the surface of TCF. When the Cd2+ is adsorbed by the sensing film, the relative refractive index of TCF cladding changes, the output interference trough wavelength shifts. By monitoring the wavelength shift information of the interference trough, the concentration of Cd2+ will be obtained. In the concentration range of 0–0.4 μM, with the increase of Cd2+ concentration, the interference trough shows a red shift. The sensitivity and the detection limit of the sensor are 7 nm/μM and 0.0143 μM (1.6 ppb), respectively. The sensor has excellent selectivity and good pH stability. It has the advantages of easy preparation, simple structure, and has potential application for the detection of trace Cd2+.
Família, tomada de decisão e apoio dos profissionais nas unidades de terapia intensiva: revisão integrativa
Authors: De Lima Neves Josiele , Schwartz Eda , Moura de Lima Spagnolo Lílian , Lise Fernanda , Stragliotto Bazzan Jéssica 
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre condutas de apoio dos profissionais às famílias e a participação destas no processo de tomada de decisão diante da internação de um dos seus integrantes. Método: revisão integrativa nas bases Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e COCHRANE com os descritores: Intensive Care Units, Decision making, Family e Personal Satisfaction entre 2015 e 2019. Resultados: selecionados 17 artigos em três categorias: “aspectos relacionados com o apoio dos profissionais à família”; “Voz dos familiares como tomadores de decisões”; e “Estresse pós-traumático do familiar ao tomar decisões difíceis”. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a importância do apoio dos profissionais por meio de comunicação clara e honesta, valorizando a família como participantes do cuidado no processo de tomadas de decisões na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.
Stable Working Memory and Perceptual Representations in Macaque Lateral Prefrontal Cortex during Naturalistic Vision
Authors: Roussy Megan , Corrigan Benjamin , Luna Rogelio , Gulli Roberto A. , Sachs Adam J. , Palaniyappan Lena , Martinez-Trujillo Julio C. 
Published: October 2022

Primates use perceptual and mnemonic visuospatial representations to perform everyday functions. Neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) have been shown to encode both of these representations during tasks where eye movements are strictly controlled and visual stimuli are reduced in complexity. This raises the question of whether perceptual and mnemonic representations encoded by LPFC neurons remain robust during naturalistic vision—in the presence of a rich visual scenery and during eye movements. Here we investigate this issue by training macaque monkeys to perform working memory and perception tasks in a visually complex virtual environment that requires navigation using a joystick and allows for free visual exploration of the scene. We recorded the activity of 3950 neurons in the LPFC (areas 8a and 9/46) of two male rhesus macaques using multielectrode arrays, and measured eye movements using video tracking. We found that navigation trajectories to target locations and eye movement behavior differed between the perception and working memory tasks, suggesting that animals used different behavioral strategies. Single neurons were tuned to target location during cue encoding and working memory delay, and neural ensemble activity was predictive of the behavior of the animals. Neural decoding of the target location was stable throughout the working memory delay epoch. However, neural representations of similar target locations differed between the working memory and perception tasks. These findings indicate that during naturalistic vision, LPFC neurons maintain robust and distinct neural codes for mnemonic and perceptual visuospatial representations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe show that lateral prefrontal cortex neurons encode working memory and perceptual representations during a naturalistic task set in a virtual environment. We show that despite eye movement and complex visual input, neurons maintain robust working memory representations of space, which are distinct from neuronal representations for perception. We further provide novel insight into the use of virtual environments to construct behavioral tasks for electrophysiological experiments.
Differential Subcellular Distribution and Release Dynamics of Cotransmitted Cholinergic and GABAergic Synaptic Inputs Modify Dopaminergic Neuronal Excitability
Authors: Le Gratiet Keyrian Louis , Anderson Christopher K. , Puente Nagore , Grandes Pedro , Copas Charlotte , Nahirney Patrick C. , Delaney Kerry R. , Nashmi Raad 
Published: October 2022

We identified three types of monosynaptic cholinergic inputs spatially arranged onto medial substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in male and female mice: cotransmitted acetylcholine (ACh)/GABA, GABA-only, and ACh only. There was a predominant GABA-only conductance along lateral dendrites and soma-centered ACh/GABA cotransmission. In response to repeated stimulation, the GABA conductance found on lateral dendrites decremented less than the proximally located GABA conductance, and was more effective at inhibiting action potentials. While soma-localized ACh/GABA cotransmission showed depression of the GABA component with repeated stimulation, ACh-mediated nicotinic responses were largely maintained. We investigated whether this differential change in inhibitory/excitatory inputs leads to altered neuronal excitability. We found that a depolarizing current or glutamate preceded by cotransmitted ACh/GABA was more effective in eliciting an action potential compared with current, glutamate, or ACh/GABA alone. This enhanced excitability was abolished with nicotinic receptor inhibitors, and modulated by T- and L-type calcium channels, thus establishing that activity of multiple classes of ion channels integrates to shape neuronal excitability.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur laboratory has previously discovered a population of substantia nigra dopaminegic neurons (DA) that receive cotransmitted ACh and GABA. This study used subcellular optogenetic stimulation of cholinergic presynaptic terminals to map the functional ACh and GABA synaptic inputs across the somatodendritic extent of substantia nigra DA neurons. We determined spatially clustered GABA-only inputs on the lateral dendrites while cotransmitted ACh and GABA clustered close to the soma. We have shown that the action of GABA and ACh in cotransmission spatially clustered near the soma play a critical role in enhancing glutamate-mediated neuronal excitability through the activation of T- and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels.
RNA m6A modifications in mammalian gametogenesis and pregnancy
Authors: Sui Xuesong , Klungland Arne , Gao Lu 
Published: October 2022

In brief
RNA modifications play key roles in regulating various biological processes. This article discusses and summarizes the recent advances of RNA m6A modifications related to mammalian gametogenesis, early embryonic development, and miscarriage.

Abstract
The epitranscriptome is defined as the collection of post-transcriptional chemical modifications of RNA in a cell. RNA methylation refers to the chemical post-transcriptional modification of RNA by selectively adding methyl groups under the catalysis of a methyltransferase. The N6 methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most common of the more than 100 known RNA modifications. Recent research has revealed that RNA m6A modifications are reversible. Additionally, m6A containing RNA can be selectively identified by immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (MeRIP-SEQ). These two developments have inspired a tremendous effort to unravel the biological role of m6A. The role of RNA m6A modifications in immune regulation, cell division, stem cell renewal, gametogenesis, embryonic development, and placental function has gradually emerged, which is of great significance for the study of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in reproductive biology. This review summarizes the current knowledge about RNA m6A modification in a variety of mammalian reproductive events.
High-lipid nutritional environment in different ontogenetic periods induce developmental programming of rat prostate at aging
Authors: Pereira Scarpelli Tatiane , Pytlowanciv Eloisa Zanin , Pinto-Fochi Maria Etelvina , Taboga Sebastião Roberto , Góes Rejane Maira 
Published: October 2022

In brief
Maternal obesity plus high-fat diet in breastfeeding induces stromal hyperplasia and diffuse acinar atrophy in the rat prostate at aging, related to dyslipidemia and testosterone reduction. The high-lipid nutritional environment from intrauterine and throughout life favors the development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and aggravated degenerative alterations in the gland.

Abstract
Maternal obesity and high-fat diet (HFD) affect permanently prostate histophysiology in adulthood, but the consequences during aging are unknown. Here, we evaluated the prostate alterations in middle-aged rats subjected to a high-lipid nutritional environment (HLE) in different ontogenetic periods. Wistar rats (56 weeks of age) were assigned into groups exposed to standard nutrition (C) or HLE during gestation (G), gestation and lactation (GL), from lactation onward (L), from weaning onward (W) and from gestation onward (AL). HLE in the periods after weaning consisted of HFD (20% fat), and during gestation and lactation it also included previous maternal obesity induced by the HFD. HLE increased total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in all groups and led to insulin resistance in GL and AL and obesity in L. Serum testosterone levels decreased ~67% in GL, ~146% in L and W, and ~233% in AL. Histological and stereological analysis revealed an increment of the stromal compartment and collagen fibers in the prostates of all HLE groups, as well as degenerative lesions, such as cell vacuolation and prostate concretions. HLE aggravated acinar atrophy in G, GL, and L, and in AL it reached more than 50% of the prostate area for most animals. The foci of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia increased in AL. Tissue expression of androgen receptor did not vary among groups, except for a higher stromal expression for G and GL. Even when restricted to gestation and lactation, HLE induces diffuse acinar atrophy in the aging prostate and worsens degenerative and premalignant lesions when it continues throughout life.
Towards the Effective Motivation: Adaptation of the Situations in School Questionnaire (SISQ) to Lithuanian Educational Context
Authors: Gabrialavičiūtė Ingrida , Raižienė Saulė , Garckija Renata 
Published: October 2022

To help teachers understand their role in students’ motivation and well-being, the researchers within SDT (Aelterman et al., 2019) have recently proposed a Circumplex model – the integrative and fine-grained approach to analyze the variety and interactions of (de)motivating teaching styles. The purpose of the current study is to adapt the student version of the Situations in School Questionnaire based on the Circumplex model for Lithuanian educational context. 715 seventh- and eighth-grade students (50.9% girls, Mage=13.42 years) from ten Lithuanian schools participated in the study. The SISQ was used to measure (de)motivating teaching styles, also behavioral and cognitive engagement in learning as well as well-being (positive and negative emotions, satisfaction with math classes) were assessed as indicators of students’ functioning.
Multidimensional scaling, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlational analysis showed the match of the SISQ structure to the Circumplex model. (De)motivating teaching can be best graphically represented by a two-dimensional configuration that differed in terms of need support and directiveness. Correlations between eight subareas and indicators of students’ functioning followed a systematic sinusoid pattern, suggesting a gradual effect of teaching on students’ outcomes. With the adaptation being successful, student version of the SISQ can be used in Lithuanian educational context.
Legal Reform Efforts and the Legal Traditions of the Transylvanian Saxons up to the End of the 16th Century
Authors: Szabó Béla P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn 1583, the Transylvanian Saxon community obtained from the Transylvanian prince István Báthory the ratification of its own law book, Eygen-Landrecht. For quarter of a millennium, the law book essentially defined everyday law in this unique community in Transylvania, a multiethnic region that has undergone many constitutional changes. The law book can be seen as a compilation of genetically different legal regulations, containing and combining indigenous legal traditions and legal customs with the “scholarly” law (ius commune) developed by university jurisprudence of Italian origin. The present study describes the Saxons' determined quest for laws in the 15th and 16th centuries, relegating to the background the reception paradigm typical of research on the history of law and relying on the theoretical model of the transfer of legal rules and legal irritants. It examines the external and internal circumstances that impacted the Saxons' attempts at legal renewal, and the number of phases involved. It also investigates the temporal, locally bound, and legal-cultural factors that may have played a role in the success or failure of transfer of legal approaches from abroad, and the extent to which what can be regarded as the traditional law of the Saxons was able to resist attempts at renewal. In the last section of the present paper, examples are given that illustrate the encounter between Germanic legal traditions and the transferred ius commune solutions in the Saxons' law book of 1583, highlighting the durability of certain traditional and typical solutions.
Spatial Hydrological Analysis on storm water harvesting investigation for sustainable water resources management strategy
Authors: Okeola Olayinka Gafar , Sulaiman Lateef Taiwo , Sholagberu Taofeek Abdulkadri , Salami Wahab Adebayo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe water issue has become a frontier of public debate globally due to public awareness of sustainable development. Nigeria's water resources are under serious threat from inadequate catchment management that includes widespread pollution from indiscriminate waste disposal. Stormwater is now recognized as a valuable resource rather than a nuisance, especially in large urban centers. Growing demand for water has exerted pressure on groundwater via dug well and boreholes scattered virtually in every dwelling in Nigeria. This challenge motivated this investigation of the feasibility of harvesting stormwater for due purposes of supplementing water supply and flash flood management. This study aims at quantification of harvestable stormwater and identification of potential capturing sites using Spatial Hydrological Analysis of GIS model and Synthetic Hydrograph. The result indicated total harvestable stormwater for 24-hr rainfall of 161.3 Mm3 and three available capturing sites of eight depressions identified. This volume is a good incentive to incorporate storm harvesting in overall water resources sustainable management.
DISKURSUS ABORSI DALAM PERSPEKTIF FIKIH KLASIK DAN KONTEMPORER
Authors: Hudiyani Zulfa 
Published: October 2022

Fakta membuktikan bahwa perkara aborsi bukan semakin berkurang, namun sebaliknya. Hal ini dapat kita lihat begitu banyak medsos atau berita televisi yang menyuguhkan berita banyaknya orang yang membuka praktik jasa-jasa aborsi secara ilegal, penemuan serpihan tubuh janin di tempat pembuangan sampah, sampai pada penemuan bayi yang dibungkus dikantong plastik di pinggir jalan. Tulisan ini ingin membahas perkara aborsi ditinjau dari perspektif fikih klasik dan kontemporer, serta pendapat ulama yang membolehkan aborsi pada kasus perkosaan dengan didukung oleh isu-isu kesehatan. Dan aborsi yang dilakukan untuk menghindari kehamilan bayi yang cacat atau bayi yang mempunyai penyakit genetis. Dengan pendekatan library research terhadap literatur-literatur terkait, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa hukum aborsi adalah haram, kecuali dalam keadaan darurat, seperti alasan medis: terancamnya nyawa ibu apabila tidak dilakukan aborsi; atau kondisi terpaksa melakukan aborsi seperti kasus perkosaan yang boleh dilakukan apabila usia janin belum mencapai 120 hari. Sedangkan untuk alasan medis, maka boleh aborsi dilakukan walau usia kandungan sudah mencapai 120 hari. Tipe penelitian ini adalah analisis isi (content analysist) dengan menggunakan pendekatan ushul fikih dan maqasid syariah diharapkan mampu memberikan fikih alternatif bagi perempuan.