bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Split-Neck Trial of Hyaluronic Acid Filler for Static Horizontal Neck Rhytides Using Either a Cannula or Needle
Authors: Siperstein Robyn , Cotofana Sebastian , Barnes Megan , Nestor Elizabeth , Meran Suzanne , Grunebaum Lisa 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers have been studied extensively on the face; however, their safety and efficacy on the neck has not yet been evaluated in a prospective trial in the United States.

OBJECTIVE
Analyze the efficacy and safety of a HA filler for static horizontal neck rhytides using either a cannula or needle.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-six subjects were randomized to receive up to 1 mL of the HA filler Restylane Refyne (HARR, n = 20) or saline (n = 6) using a cannula on one side and a needle on the other with optional repeat treatment. Subjects were graded using the Transverse Neck Line Scale, Canfield photography, and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale.

RESULTS
A significant improvement 30 days after the last treatment was achieved on the Transverse Neck Line Scale when comparing HARR with saline according to the blind evaluator, subjects, and investigator without any significant side effects. In addition, the blind evaluator, subjects, and investigator rated the side of the neck injected with a needle as having significantly greater improvement than the cannula.

CONCLUSION
The hyaluronic acid filler, Restylane Refyne, achieved significant improvement in static horizontal neck rhytides using either a cannula or needle without any serious side effects, although the needle was more effective.
Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in the Surgical Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Claessens Anouk A.E. , van Alphen Tert C. , Lapid Oren , Hoogbergen Maarten M. , Ovadja Zachri N. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Surgery is considered to be the best treatment for recurrent hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Although it is necessary to assess the effect on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are scarce and heterogeneously used in the literature about the surgical treatment of HS.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to provide a review of the complete literature for different PROMs used in the surgical treatment of HS and to assess their methodological qualities.

METHODS
A systematic literature search of PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Embase with an assessment following the COnsensus-based standards for the Selection of health status Measurement INstrument criteria.

RESULTS
The search identified 218 articles, with the inclusion of 6 studies for analysis. Identified PROMs were as follows: the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Derriford Appearance Scale-24 (DAS-24), and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI). These non–disease-specific PROMs seem to have poor results concerning development and content validation.

CONCLUSION
The DLQI, WPAI, and DAS-24 are generic PROMs with poor methodological qualities for PROM development and content validation. Hidradenitis suppurativa–specific instruments are not used in available studies because they have been developed recently and, therefore, partially validated. More research is needed to further investigate methodological qualities of HS-specific instruments.
INTRAVITREAL CHOPPING OF DROPPED NUCLEUS WITH A NITINOL INTRAOCULAR FOREIGN BODY FORCEPS: AN ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF RETAINED NUCLEUS FRAGMENTS
Authors: Acar Nur , Celiker Pelin 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficiency and safety of using an intraocular foreign body forceps with two nitinol loops at its tip to capture and chop dropped nucleus (DN) during vitrectomy as an alternative method and to evaluate the outcomes and complications of this surgical technique.

Methods:
The eyes that underwent 23-gauge vitrectomy with removal of DN using nitinol forceps with a minimum follow-up time of 1 year are included in this study. The efficiency of surgical technique and anatomical and functional results with complications is recorded.

Results:
Nine patients with a mean age of 73.11 ± 2.15 years were included in this study. The mean time between DN and vitrectomy was 7.67 ± 3.74 (5–14) days. In all eyes, DN was easily chopped and removed with aspiration. Argon laser photocoagulation was performed in 4 eyes (44.44%) during surgery. All eyes were followed up for a mean time of 21.11 ± 12.36 (12–48) months. The mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity increased significantly during the postoperative follow-up (P < 0.001). No complications related to the cataract surgery or DN removal were observed.

Conclusion:
Surgical removal of DN with the help of these forceps with nitinol loops is found to be safe and effective in this study. This method avoids ultrasonographic energy and enables 23-gauge vitrectomy without a fragmatome.
Staphylococcus aureus Community-acquired Pneumonia in Children After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Vaccination (2008–2018): Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes
Authors: Aguilera-Alonso David , Kirchschläger Nieto Silke , Ara Montojo María Fátima , Sanz Santaeufemia Francisco José , Saavedra-Lozano Jesús , Soto Beatriz , Caminoa María Belén , Berzosa Arantxa , Prieto Tato Luis , Cercenado Emilia , Tagarro Alfredo , Molina Arana David , Alonso Sanz Mercedes , Romero Gómez María Pilar , Chaves Sánchez Fernando , Baquero-Artigao Fernando 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has changed, influenced by sociosanitary conditions and vaccination status. We aimed to analyze the recent epidemiology of bacterial CAP in hospitalized children in a setting with high pneumococcal vaccination coverage and to describe the clinical characteristics of pediatric Staphylococcus aureus CAP.

Methods:
Children <17 years old hospitalized from 2008 to 2018 with bacterial CAP in 5 tertiary hospitals in Spain were included. Cases with pneumococcal CAP were randomly selected as comparative group following a case-control ratio of 2:1 with S. aureus CAP.

Results:
A total of 313 bacterial CAP were diagnosed: Streptococcus pneumoniae CAP (n = 236, 75.4%), Streptococcus pyogenes CAP (n = 43, 13.7%) and S. aureus CAP (n = 34, 10.9%). Throughout the study period, the prevalence of S. pyogenes increased (annual percentage change: +16.1% [95% CI: 1.7–32.4], P = 0.031), S. pneumoniae decreased (annual percentage change: –4.4% [95 CI: –8.8 to 0.2], P = 0.057) and S. aureus remained stable. Nine isolates of S. aureus (26.5%) were methicillin-resistant. Seventeen cases (50%) with S. aureus CAP had some pulmonary complication and 21 (61.7%) required intensive care. S. pneumoniae CAP showed a trend toward higher prevalence of pulmonary complications compared with S. aureus CAP (69.1% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.060), including higher frequency of pulmonary necrosis (32.4% vs. 5.9%, P = 0.003).

Conclusions:
The incidence of S. aureus CAP in children remained stable, whereas the prevalence of pneumococcal CAP decreased and S. pyogenes CAP increased. Patients with S. aureus presented a high frequency of severe outcomes, but a lower risk of pulmonary complications than patients with S. pneumoniae.
Development and validation of the Iris Glare, Appearance, and Photophobia questionnaire for patients with iris defects
Authors: Kryshtalskyj Michael T. , Rai Amrit S. , Durr Georges M. , Ahmed Iqbal Ike K. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To validate the Iris Glare, Appearance, and Photophobia (Iris GAP) questionnaire, a new symptom-based and appearance-based quality-of-life measure for patients with iris defects.

Setting:
Single tertiary glaucoma clinic in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Methods:
Patients with varying degrees of iris defects were enrolled. Patients completed the Iris GAP questionnaire and the glare and driving subscales of the Refractive Status and Vision Profile (RSVP) questionnaire. Test–retest reliability, defined by Cronbach α and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), was evaluated with repeat testing 2 weeks later.

Results:
The study included 73 patients with iris defects, 68 controls with no iris defects, 77 patients with peripheral iridotomies (PIs) or transillumination defects (TIDs), and 22 patientswith surgically repaired irides (n = 22). Iris GAP scores ranged from 0 to 32 with a 97% completion rate. Iris GAP had high test–retest reliability (Cronbach α = 0.866, ICC = 0.953, P < .0005). Iris GAP scores were reliably distinguishable between patients with iris defects, repaired iris defects, and PIs and TIDs and controls (1-way analysis of variance, P < .0005). In pairwise comparisons, the major defect group had statistically significant higher scores than any of the other groups (P < .005 for each). The control and repaired groups had the lowest scores, whereas the PI/TID group had intermediate scores. 9 patients underwent iris repair between tests and had a mean difference of 8.2 ± 6.2 points between their preoperative and postoperative scores (P = .004). Iris GAP scores positively correlated with RSVP scores (R
2 = 0.73).

Conclusions:
Iris GAP can reliably evaluate symptomatology and patient-reported appearance in patients with iris defects.
Agreement between 2 SS-OCT biometry devices
Authors: McLintock Cameron , Niyazmand Hamed , Seo Shiney , Barrett Graham , Nilagiri Vinay Kumar , McKelvie James 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To assess the agreement between 2 swept-source optical coherence tomography biometry devices, Anterion and IOLMaster 700.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center, Brisbane, Australia.

Design:
Prospective comparative study.

Methods:
Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess agreement between devices for flat (K1), steep (K2), and mean (Km) keratometry for anterior, posterior, and total cornea, lens thickness (LT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), white to white (WTW), and axial length (AL). Generalized estimating equations were used to control for within-patient between-eye correlations. Interdevice differences were considered clinically significant if they were likely to alter the spherical refractive outcome by 0.25 diopter (D) or more.

Results:
159 eyes of 91 patients (41 male, 50 female) were included. Statistically significant differences were found for K1, K2, and Km for anterior, posterior, and total cornea. When the Anterion was compared with the IOLMaster 700, the mean differences were as follows: anterior K1: −0.17 D, anterior K2: −0.18 D, anterior Km: −0.17 D, posterior K1: −0.38 D, posterior K2: −0.36 D, posterior Km: −0.37 D, total K1: −0.65 D, total K2: −0.82 D, and total Km: −0.74 D. The difference in posterior and total K metrics was clinically significant. Statistically significant differences were noted for LT: 0.159 mm, CCT: −0.004 mm, ACD: 0.054 mm, and WTW: −0.152 mm, although these were not found to be clinically significant. There was no significant difference between devices for AL.

Conclusions:
This study found statistically and clinically significant differences for both posterior and total keratometry between the Anterion and the IOLMaster 700. Posterior and total corneal parameters cannot be considered interchangeable between devices.
Correlation between Placido-disc and rotating Scheimpflug keratometric findings before and after corneal crosslinking in children with keratoconus
Authors: Polido Júlia , Xavier dos Santos Araújo Maria Emília , H. Wakamatsu Tais , T. Lopes Bernardo , Alexander João G. , Cabral Thiago , Ambrósio Renato , Freitas Denise 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate correlation between Placido-disc and rotating Scheimpflug keratometric findings in children with progressive keratoconus (KC) before and after corneal crosslinking (CXL) and investigate whether these limits of agreement varied according to disease severity.

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology of São Paulo Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.

Design:
Prospective nonrandomized open study.

Methods:
Data obtained using rotating Scheimpflug-based tomography and Placido-disc–based topography devices were collected from preoperative and last follow-up postoperative children with KC operated on using standard CXL protocol. Correlation and agreement analyses were performed between the 2 devices before and after CXL to obtain keratometric (K) findings.

Results:
44 eyes from 44 patients aged 8 to 16 years were analyzed at all timepoints. All parameters were found to be strongly correlated before (r = 0.84 to 0.99, P < .001) and after (r = 0.93 to 0.99, P < .001) CXL. The mean Scheimpflug measurements of flat K, steep K, Kmax, mean K, and corneal astigmatism were higher than Placido-disc measurements in a preoperative period. This mean difference decreased in postoperative, but, with exception of Kmax and corneal astigmatism, Scheimpflug measurements remained higher. The mean parameter measurements from both devices decreased after CXL; 95% limits of agreement between instruments were wide for all parameters and decreased in postoperative and in mild KC.

Conclusions:
Keratometry measurements obtained using rotating Scheimpflug and Placido-disc technology were found to be closely correlated but not interchangeable before and after CXL in pediatric patients. Agreement between devices was better after CXL and in mild KC than in advanced KC.
New artificial intelligence index based on Scheimpflug corneal tomography to distinguish subclinical keratoconus from healthy corneas
Authors: Almeida Jr Gildásio Castello , Guido Rodrigo Capobianco , Balarin Silva Henrique Monteiro , Brandão Cinara Cássia , de Mattos Luiz Carlos , Lopes Bernardo T. , Machado Aydano Pamponet , Ambrósio Renato 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To assess the efficiency of an index derived from multiple logistic regression analysis (MLRA) to measure differences in corneal tomography findings between subclinical keratoconus (KC) in 1 eye, corneal ectasia, and healthy corneas.

Setting:
2 private Brazilian ophthalmological centers.

Design:
Multicenter case–control study.

Methods:
This study included 187 eyes with very asymmetric ectasia and with normal corneal topography and tomography (VAE-NTT) in the VAE-NTT group, 2296 eyes with healthy corneas in the control group (CG), and 410 eyes with ectasia in the ectasia group. An index, termed as Boosted Ectasia Susceptibility Tomography Index (BESTi), was derived using MLRA to identify a cutoff point to distinguish patients in the 3 groups. The groups were divided into 2 subgroups with an equal number of patients: validation set and external validation (EV) set.

Results:
2893 patients with 2893 eyes were included. BESTi had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 with 86.02% sensitivity (Se) and 83.97% specificity (Sp) between CG and the VAE-NTT group in the EV set, which was significantly greater than those of the Belin-Ambrósio Deviation Index (BAD-D) (AUC: 0.81; Se: 66.67%; Sp: 82.67%; P < .0001) and Pentacam random forest index (PRFI) (AUC: 0.87; Se: 78.49%; Sp: 79.88%; P = .021).

Conclusions:
BESTi facilitated early detection of ectasia in subclinical KC and demonstrated higher Se and Sp than PRFI and BAD-D for detecting subclinical KC.
Telehealth for Contraceptive Care During the Initial Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic at Local Health Departments in 2 US States: A Mixed-Methods Approach
Authors: Beatty Kate E. , Smith Michael G. , Khoury Amal J. , Ventura Liane M. , Ariyo Tosin , de Jong Jordan , Surles Kristen , Rahman Aurin , Slawson Deborah 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
This study examined implementation of telehealth for contraceptive care among health departments (HDs) in 2 Southern US states with centralized/largely centralized governance structures during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sustaining access to contraceptive care for underserved communities during public health emergencies is critical. Identifying facilitators and barriers to adaptive service provision helps inform state-level decision making and has implications for public health policy and practice, particularly in states with centralized HD governance.

Design:
Mixed-methods study including a survey of HD clinic administrators and key informant interviews with clinic- and system-level staff in 2 states conducted in 2020.

Setting:
Health department clinics in 2 Southern US states.

Participants:
Clinic administrators (survey) and clinic- and system-level respondents (key informant interviews). Participation in the research was voluntary and de-identified.

Main Outcome Measures:
(1) Telehealth implementation for contraceptive care assessed by survey and measured by the percentage of clinics reporting telehealth service provision during the pandemic; and (2) facilitators and barriers to telehealth implementation for contraceptive care assessed by key informant interviews. For survey data, bivariate differences between the states in telehealth implementation for contraceptive care were assessed using χ2 and Fisher exact tests. Interview transcripts were coded, with emphasis on interrater reliability and consensus coding, and analyzed for emerging themes.

Results:
A majority of HD clinics in both states (60% in state 1 and 81% in state 2) reported a decrease in contraceptive care patient volume during March-June 2020 compared with the average volume in 2019. More HD clinics in state 1 than in state 2 implemented telehealth for contraceptive services, including contraceptive counseling, initial and refill hormonal contraception, emergency contraception and sexually transmitted infection care, and reported facilitators of telehealth. Medicaid reimbursement was a predominant facilitator of telehealth, whereas lack of implementation policies and procedures and reduced staffing capacity were predominant barriers. Electronic infrastructure and technology also played a role.

Conclusions:
Implementation of telehealth for contraceptive services varied between state HD agencies in the early phase of the pandemic. Medicaid reimbursement policy and directives from HD agency leadership are key to telehealth service provision among HDs in centralized states.
Cancer Care at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Davidson Nancy E. , Knudsen Karen E. , Nasso Shelley Fuld , Oyer Randall , Pergam Steve , Strawbridge Lara , Shulman Lawrence 
Published: March 2022

Purpose
A multidisciplinary panel of experts convened to review the early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care in the United States as part of a symposium convened by the National Cancer Policy Forum in July 2021.

Methods
Representatives from the cancer care community, patients, infection prevention, and a government agency provided insight into key elements of the response to and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care in the United States in 2020.

Results
Multiple stakeholders worked quickly to adapt to provide seamless care to cancer patients with considerable success despite the profound uncertainties that faced us in the early days of the pandemic.

Discussion
The experiences of the early days of COVID-19 in the cancer community led to key recommendations toward the goal of preparing for the next major disruption to cancer care. These include increasing competency in emergent technologies, rapid communication, engagement of all key stakeholders in policy decisions, ensuring emergency preparedness, and advocating for permanent regulatory changes to minimize barriers to enable a unified cancer community to provide effective and readily accessible cancer care.
Improving Equity in Cancer Care in the Face of a Public Health Emergency
Authors: Winkfield Karen M. , Winn Robert A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cancer health disparities have been well documented among different populations in the United States for decades. While the cause of these disparities is multifactorial, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the structural barriers to health and health care and the gaps in public health infrastructure within the United States. The most long-standing inequities are rooted in discriminatory practices, current and historical, which have excluded and disenfranchised many of the most vulnerable populations in the nation. These systemic barriers are themselves a public health crisis, resulting in increased mortality rates in communities of color from both COVID-19 and cancer. While implementing programs to temporarily improve cancer equity locally or regionally is laudable, it is imperative to develop a public health strategy focused on alleviating the root causes of health inequities to improve the health and well-being of every citizen and ensure readiness for the next public health emergency.
Virtual Healthcare Simulation
Authors: Hoelscher Gretchen L. , Morton Darla S. , Sanderson Brittney N. , Noble Jennifer F. , Bullard Mark J. , Swiderski Dawn 
Published: March 2022

Introduction
Social distancing guidelines related to COVID-19 resulted in many simulation centers temporarily closing or adopting virtual simulation-based education (SBE). This mixed methods study aimed to evaluate our center's readiness to implement virtual SBE, the preferred method of delivery (virtual vs. nonvirtual), and any reported distractions.

Methods
Educators and simulation operations specialists (SOSs) used by our simulation center completed a survey focused on our center's implementation readiness for virtual SBE at 3 time points over a 3-week period. Three virtual simulation-based styles were developed: observer, vignette, and hybrid. All styles combined the use of Zoom and LearningSpace. Upon the completion of each session, learners, facilitators, and SOSs completed a survey focused on the preferred method of simulation delivery (virtual vs. nonvirtual) as well as any reported distractions during sessions.

Results
While some important lessons were learned, simulation team survey scores suggested an overall agreement in the center's preparedness during the 3-week implementation period. Most learners, facilitators, and SOSs preferred a nonvirtual delivery due to the “hands-on” component. Learners participating in the vignette style, however, significantly preferred virtual SBE due to “learning environment comfort” such as reduced anxiety, “better discussion,” and “convenience.” Reported distractions focused on “challenges with technology,” “interruptions at home,” “program logistics,” and the “remote atmosphere.”

Conclusions
Most learners, facilitators, and SOSs preferred nonvirtual SBE; however, virtual SBE may prove beneficial for learners participating in the vignette style or particularly those experiencing anxiety. Future distractions may be mitigated for the simulation team and learners with proper preparedness.