bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Impact of Environment and Data Aggregation by Walking Bout Duration on Parkinson’s Disease Classification Using Machine Learning
Authors: Rehman Rana Zia Ur , Guan Yu , Shi Jian Qing , Alcock Lisa , Yarnall Alison J. , Rochester Lynn , Del Din Silvia 
Published: March 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. PD misdiagnosis can occur in early stages. Gait impairment in PD is typical and is linked with an increased fall risk and poorer quality of life. Applying machine learning (ML) models to real-world gait has the potential to be more sensitive to classify PD compared to laboratory data. Real-world gait yields multiple walking bouts (WBs), and selecting the optimal method to aggregate the data (e.g., different WB durations) is essential as this may influence classification performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of environment (laboratory vs. real world) and data aggregation on ML performance for optimizing sensitivity of PD classification. Gait assessment was performed on 47 people with PD (age: 68 ± 9 years) and 52 controls [Healthy controls (HCs), age: 70 ± 7 years]. In the laboratory, participants walked at their normal pace for 2 min, while in the real world, participants were assessed over 7 days. In both environments, 14 gait characteristics were evaluated from one tri-axial accelerometer attached to the lower back. The ability of individual gait characteristics to differentiate PD from HC was evaluated using the Area Under the Curve (AUC). ML models (i.e., support vector machine, random forest, and ensemble models) applied to real-world gait showed better classification performance compared to laboratory data. Real-world gait characteristics aggregated over longer WBs (WB 30–60 s, WB &gt; 60 s, WB &gt; 120 s) resulted in superior discriminative performance (PD vs. HC) compared to laboratory gait characteristics (0.51 ≤ AUC ≤ 0.77). Real-world gait speed showed the highest AUC of 0.77. Overall, random forest trained on 14 gait characteristics aggregated over WBs &gt; 60 s gave better performance (F1 score = 77.20 ± 5.51%) as compared to laboratory results (F1 Score = 68.75 ± 12.80%). Findings from this study suggest that the choice of environment and data aggregation are important to achieve maximum discrimination performance and have direct impact on ML performance for PD classification. This study highlights the importance of a harmonized approach to data analysis in order to drive future implementation and clinical use.Clinical Trial Registration[09/H0906/82].
Preoperative Prediction of Malignant Transformation of Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma Using MR Radiomics
Authors: Yan Yang , Liu Yujia , Tao Jianhua , Li Zheng , Qu Xiaoxia , Guo Jian , Xian Junfang 
Published: March 2022

PurposeAccurate preoperative prediction of the malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) is essential for guiding biopsy, planning appropriate surgery and prognosis of patients. We aimed to investigate the value of MRI-based radiomics in discriminating IP from IP-transformed squamous cell carcinomas (IP-SCC).MethodsA total of 236 patients with IP-SCC (n=92) or IP (n=144) were enrolled and divided into a training cohort and a testing cohort. Preoperative MR images including T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and contrast enhanced T1-weighted images were collected. Radiomic features were extracted from MR images and key features were merged into a radiomic model. A morphological features model was developed based on MR morphological features assessed by radiologists. A combined model combining radiomic features and morphological features was generated using multivariable logistic regression. For comparison, two head and neck radiologists were independently invited to distinguish IP-SCC from IP. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was used to assess the performance of all models.ResultsA total of 3948 radiomic features were extracted from three MR sequences. After feature selection, we saved 15 key features for modeling. The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy on the testing cohort of the combined model based on radiomic and morphological features were respectively 0.962, 0.828, 0.94, and 0.899. The diagnostic ability of the combined model outperformed the morphological features model and also outperformed the two head and neck radiologists.ConclusionsA combined model based on MR radiomic and morphological features could serve as a potential tool to accurately predict IP-SCC, which might improve patient counseling and make more precise treatment planning.
The Protective Effect of Pilose Antler Peptide on CUMS-Induced Depression Through AMPK/Sirt1/NF-κB/NLRP3-Mediated Pyroptosis
Authors: Hu Yue , Zhao Min , Zhao Tong , Qi Mingming , Yao Guangda , Dong Yu 
Published: March 2022

Background: Pilose antler peptide (PAP), prepared from the pilose antler of Cervus nippon Temminck, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) against various inflammatory disorders. TCM prescriptions containing pilose antler are often prescribed clinically to treat depression. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of how PAP, against inflammation, prevents and treats depression remain poorly understood.Methods: PAP was identified by de novo sequencing and database searching. Then, behavioral tests were conducted to investigate the effect of PAP on CUMS-exposed mice. In parallel, Nissl staining and Golgi-Cox staining were used for exploring the effect of PAP on neural cells and dendritic spine density. Additionally, the expression of key proteins of the AMPK/Sirt1/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was analyzed by Western blot. Finally, the CUMS procedure was conducted for 6 weeks. At the 5th week, PAP and fluoxetine (Flu) were intragastrically treated for 2 weeks. The silencing information regulator-related enzyme 1 (Sirt1) inhibitor EX-527 and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor dorsomorphin were employed to investigate the effects of Sirt1 and AMPK on PAP-mediated depression.Results: PAP attenuated the behavior alteration caused by CUMS stimulation, decreased the number of neurons, and restored the dendritic spine density. PAP treatment effectively upregulated the expressions of p-AMPK and Sirt1 and suppressed the expressions of Ac-NF-κB, NLRP3, Ac-Caspase-1, GSDMD-N, Cleaved-IL-1β, and Cleaved-IL-18. Moreover, selectively inhibited Sirt1 and AMPK were able to compromise the therapeutic effect of PAP on depression.Conclusion: The present work indicated that PAP has a protective effect on CUMS-induced depression. In addition, AMPK and Sirt1 played critical roles in the PAP-relieved depression. PAP might be a potential therapeutic option for treating depression.
GJA1-20k and Mitochondrial Dynamics
Authors: Shimura Daisuke , Shaw Robin M. 
Published: March 2022

Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the primary gap junction protein of mammalian heart ventricles and is encoded by the gene Gja1 which has a single coding exon and therefore cannot be spliced. We previously identified that Gja1 mRNA undergoes endogenous internal translation initiated at one of several internal AUG (M) start codons, generating N-terminal truncated protein isoforms that retain the C-terminus distal to the start site. GJA1-20k, whose translation initiates at mRNA M213, is usually the most abundant isoform in cells and greatly increases after ischemic and metabolic stress. GJA1-20k consists of a small segment of the last transmembrane domain and the complete C-terminus tail of Cx43, with a total size of about 20 kDa. The original role identified for GJA1-20k is as an essential subunit that facilitates the trafficking of full-length Cx43 hexameric hemichannels to cell-cell contacts, generating traditional gap junctions between adjacent cells facilitating, in cardiac muscle, efficient spread of electrical excitation. GJA1-20k deficient mice (generated by a M213L substitution in Gja1) suffer poor electrical coupling between cardiomycytes and arrhythmogenic sudden death two to 4 weeks after their birth. We recently identified that exogenous GJA1-20k expression also mimics the effect of ischemic preconditioning in mouse heart. Furthermore, GJA1-20k localizes to the mitochondrial outer membrane and induces a protective and DRP1 independent form of mitochondrial fission, preserving ATP production and generating less reactive oxygen species (ROS) under metabolic stress, providing powerful protection of myocardium to ischemic insult. In this manuscript, we focus on the detailed roles of GJA1-20k in mitochondria, and its interaction with the actin cytoskeleton.
Can Cognitive Control and Attentional Biases Explain More of the Variance in Depressive Symptoms Than Behavioral Processes? A Path Analysis Approach
Authors: Krings Audrey , Simon Jessica , Carré Arnaud , Blairy Sylvie 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThis study explored the proportion of variance in depressive symptoms explained by processes targeted by BA (activation, behavioral avoidance, anticipatory pleasure, and brooding), and processes targeted by cognitive control training (cognitive control, attentional biases, and brooding).MethodsFive hundred and twenty adults were recruited. They completed a spatial cueing task as a measure of attentional biases and a cognitive task as a measure of cognitive control and completed self-report measures of activation, behavioral avoidance, anticipatory pleasure, brooding, and depressive symptoms. With path analysis models, we explored the relationships between these predictors and depressive symptoms.ResultsBA processes were significant predictors of depressive symptoms, and activation partially predicted anticipatory pleasure, which in turn predicted depressive symptoms. However, cognitive control and attentional biases predicted neither brooding nor depressive symptoms. A comprehensive model including all processes fit the data but did not explain more of the variance in brooding or depressive symptoms than a model including only BA processes.LimitationsThe spatial cueing task was associated with low reliability and the use of a non-clinical sample limited the generalizability of the conclusions.ConclusionActivation, behavioral avoidance, brooding, and anticipatory pleasure are relevant processes to target in order to reduce depressive symptoms, while cognitive control and attentional biases are not.
Are Women Really Different? Comparison of Men and Women in a Sample of Forensic Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Streb Judith , Lutz Maximilian , Dudeck Manuela , Klein Verena , Maaß Christina , Fritz Michael , Franke Irina 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundWomen in detention remain a widely understudied group. Although the number of studies in women in prison has grown in the past decade, research on female forensic psychiatric inpatients has not increased, and women are in the minority in forensic psychiatry not only as patients but also as examinees. Consequently, most treatment manuals and risk assessments were developed in male samples and apply to male offenders. However, the same treatment and risk assessment rationale can be applied in male and female mentally ill offenders only if evidence shows that no relevant sex differences exist.AimsThe aim of the present study was to examine a sample of male and female forensic psychiatric inpatients with substance use disorders and to compare the socio-demographic, legal, and clinical characteristics between the sexes.MethodsThe sample included 115 male and 61 female patients. All patients were in mandatory inpatient forensic psychiatry treatment according to section 64 of the German penal code.ResultsWe found no significant differences between men and women in terms of educational status and vocational training. However, women were more often single and less likely to be employed full time, and they reported adverse childhood experiences more often than men. Regarding clinical variables, women appeared to be less likely to have a substance use disorder due to alcohol use and had more previous psychiatric treatments than men. Male patients were significantly younger on first conviction and detention, had more criminal records and served longer total penalties than female patients. Furthermore, men committed more violent crimes and women, more narcotics-related crimes.ConclusionsThe study identified sex-specific differences in forensic psychiatric patients that should be considered in the context of forensic therapy.
2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption Induced Global Propagation of Ionospheric Disturbances via Lamb Waves
Authors: Zhang Shun-Rong , Vierinen Juha , Aa Ercha , Goncharenko Larisa P. , Erickson Philip J. , Rideout William , Coster Anthea J. , Spicher Andres 
Published: March 2022

The Tonga volcano eruption at 04:14:45 UT on 2022-01-15 released enormous amounts of energy into the atmosphere, triggering very significant geophysical variations not only in the immediate proximity of the epicenter but also globally across the whole atmosphere. This study provides a global picture of ionospheric disturbances over an extended period for at least 4 days. We find traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) radially outbound and inbound along entire Great-Circle loci at primary speeds of ∼300–350 m/s (depending on the propagation direction) and 500–1,000 km horizontal wavelength for front shocks, going around the globe for three times, passing six times over the continental US in 100 h since the eruption. TIDs following the shock fronts developed for ∼8 h with 10–30 min predominant periods in near- and far- fields. TID global propagation is consistent with the effect of Lamb waves which travel at the speed of sound. Although these oscillations are often confined to the troposphere, Lamb wave energy is known to leak into the thermosphere through channels such as atmospheric resonance at acoustic and gravity wave frequencies, carrying substantial wave amplitudes at high altitudes. Prevailing Lamb waves have been reported in the literature as atmospheric responses to the gigantic Krakatoa eruption in 1883 and other geohazards. This study provides substantial first evidence of their long-duration imprints up in the global ionosphere. This study was enabled by ionospheric measurements from 5,000+ world-wide Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ground receivers, demonstrating the broad implication of the ionosphere measurement as a sensitive detector for atmospheric waves and geophysical disturbances.
Becoming More-than-Human: Realizing Earthly Eudaimonia to (E)coflourish through an Entangled Ethos
Authors: Quartz Sean 
Published: March 2022

Organisms across the biosphere are experiencing extinction rates so dire that scientists have marked the Anthropocene as the sixth mass extinction in the planet’s history. Accordingly, plants and animals, by and large, are not flourishing on this deathly planet. Yet, perhaps it is possible for these more-than-humans to thrive––to realize eudaimonia, an ancient Greek concept meaning to flourish by living well––when humans reimagine their relationships with the natural world. In this study, I augment critical animal and media studies with creative cultural studies to arrive at creative/critical animal and media studies. Through this framework, I utilize rhetorical criticism to analyze how the documentary My Octopus Teacher reimagines interspecies relations to offer alternative pathways for earthly eudaimonia, a life approach centered on (e)coflourishing. I find the octopus, through its entangled ethos, teaches the human sensitized compassion with a significant result: the more-than-human octopus transfers her animality to the human who evolves to become more-than-human as well. I offer two arguments: first, contemplating earthly eudaimonia through an entangled ethos creates a space for ecological reflection; this space invites audiences to approach the more-than-human world with sensitized compassion and animality; second, analyzing the documentary through a creative/critical animal and media studies lens offers a unique perspective that foregrounds exploring imaginaries for peaceful, earthly coexistence while maintaining a critical focus against speciesism.
The role of serotonin, acetylcholine, nitric oxide and FMRF-amide in the adaptation of scallops to hypoxia
Authors: Kotsyuba E. P. , Dyachuk V. A. 
Published: March 2022

The problem of adaptation to oxygen deficiency and its role in the development of diseases have been studied for many decades on animal models having different level of resistance to hypoxia. This review discusses the literature data and the results of our own studies of hormonal and mediator systems of the central nervous system, as well as the clarification of their role in adaptive physiological and behavioral reactions in bivalves. The analysis of data on serotonin topography (5-HT), acetylcholine (ACh), nitric oxide (NO) and FMRF-amide-containing neurons in the visceral ganglion and the dynamics of their activity provides evidence of the participation of neurotransmitters and enzymes of their synthesis in the stability and plasticity of the nervous system of scallops suffering hypoxia.
Some features of the brain of Wistar rats that developed in broods of various numbers
Authors: Zhilnikov D. I. , Ryzhavskii B. Ya. 
Published: March 2022

Objective: To study the morphofunctional features of the brain development of 14- and 30-day-old rats born in broods that differ significantly in numbers.Methods: 2 age groups of animals were studies – 14-day-old and 30-day-old rat pups, the offspring of intact rats, each group was divided into subgroups: 1) small broods (4-7 rat pups per brood) and 2) broods of average size (9-12 rats in a brood). The brains of animals of both subgroups were subjected to morphometric and histochemical studies. At the age of 28 days, rat pups from the second age group were tested in an elevated plus maze.Results: It was found that rat pups from small broods at the age of 14 and 30 days had signs of acceleration and differed in the outstripping rates of development of brain from animals from the group of broods of average size. Differences were manifested by a greater mass of the brain and hemisphere, a lower numerical density of neurons and a higher density of gliocytes, a large glioneural index, as well as the size of neurons, their nuclei and nucleoli in the cortex of the parietal lobe and the hippocampus. The behavior of pups from small broods and broods of average numbers at the age of 28 days in an elevated plus maze had significant intergroup differences.Conclusions: These findings indicate that differences in brood numbers affect important indicators of brain development.
Algorithm for Providing Medical Care to Polytrauma in the Early Hospital Stage Using the Tactics Damage Control
Authors: Волошенюк А.Н. , Завада Н.В. , Борисов А.В. , Романовский Е.В. , Ладутько И.Н. 
Published: March 2022

Введение. В статье описывается алгоритм оказания медицинской помощи пострадавшим с политравмой на раннем госпитальном этапе с использованием тактики damage control, разработанный при сравнительном анализе данных оказания медицинской помощи пострадавшим с политравмой в УЗ «Городская клиническая больница скорой медицинской помощи» г. Минска, имеющим тяжесть травмы по шкале ISS >25. В алгоритме определены основные моменты оказания медицинской помощи таким пострадавшим, позволяющие снизить смертность и инвалидизацию пациентов с тяжелой сочетанной травмой.Цель. Разработать алгоритм оказания медицинской помощи пострадавшим с поли-травмой на раннем госпитальном этапе с использованием тактики damage control при сравнительном анализе данных оказания медицинской помощи пострадавшим с политравмой в УЗ «Городская клиническая больница скорой медицинской помощи» г. Минска, имеющим тяжесть травмы по шкале ISS >25.Материалы и методы. В исследовании нами проанализированы результаты хирургического лечения пациентов с тяжелой механической травмой. Хирургическая тактика определялась с помощью шкалы тяжести травм ISS (Injury Severity Score).Результаты. Разработан алгоритм оказания медицинской помощи пострадавшим с политравмой на раннем госпитальном этапе с использованием тактики damage control.Выводы. Использование тактики damage control позволяет снизить смертность и улучшить результаты лечения пациентов с тяжелой механической травмой на раннем госпитальном этапе.
Introduction. The article describes an algorithm for the provision of medical care to victims with polytrauma at an early hospital stage using the damage control tactics, developed in a comparative analysis of data on the provision of medical care to victims with polytrauma in the Healthcare Institution "City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Care" in Minsk with the severity of the injury on a scale ISS >25. The algorithm identifies the main points of providing medical care to such victims, allowing to reduce mortality and disability in patients with severe concomitant trauma.Purpose. To develop an algorithm for the provision of medical care to victims with polytrauma at an early hospital stage using the damage control tactics in a comparative analysis of data on the provision of medical care to victims with polytrauma in the Healthcare Institution "City Clinical Emergency Hospital" in Minsk, having the severity of the injury on the ISS scale >25.Materials and methods. In the study, we analyzed the results of surgical treatment of patients with severe mechanical trauma. Surgical tactics were determined using the Injury Severity Score (ISS).Results. An algorithm for providing medical care to victims with polytrauma at an early hospital stage using the damage control tactics has been developed.Conclusions. An algorithm for providing medical care to victims with polytrauma at an early hospital stage using the damage control tactics has been developed.
Dielectric characteristics of deformable and maneuverable virtual cathode tool displayed by indirect electron beam drawing
Authors: Sasaki Ken , Hoshino Takayuki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dielectrophoretic manipulations are deft techniques for soft-matter processes. To actuate the target biomolecules more spatiotemporally, the manipulator which can maneuver the adjustable electric field at high speed is required. We have designed a virtual cathode (VC) tool drawn with an electron beam (EB), which is a deformable and maneuverable electrode. In this report, we investigated the electrochemical response of YOYO-1-labeled DNAs by applying the VC tool and evaluated dependency of its dielectric characteristics on pattern frequency. The specific fluorescent bleaching responses we obtained suggested that work lengths and strength of the VC-induced electric field were enhanced as the applied VC pattern has a high pattern frequency. Moreover, we validated the form of the EB-drawing pattern can also affect dielectric characteristics of the VC tool. These results therefore indicate that the VC tool can control the dielectric phenomenon by a well-tuned tool design, which will lead to more flexible manipulations.
PENGARUH DIGITAL STORY TELLING SEBAGAI WHATSAPP STORY EFESIENSI PENINGKATAN DAKWAH
Authors: Reiza Praselanova  , M.Ayub Syafii  
Published: March 2022

Abstrak
Fokus penelitian untuk mengetahui efisiensi penggunaan whatsApp Story penyampaian dakwah di jamaah Persyadha Surabaya. Tujuan dan pengunaan dari penelitian ini strategi komunikasi yang digunakan dalam penyampaian materi dakwah. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengambilan data studi pustaka dan studi lapangan kuisioner (pengedaran angket).