bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Access to Primary Care for People With Opioid Use Disorder in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Spithoff Sheryl , Mogic Lana , Hum Susan , Moineddin Rahim , Meaney Christopher , Kiran Tara 
Published: September 2022

ImportancePeople with opioid use disorder are less likely than others to have a primary care physician.ObjectiveTo determine if family physicians are less likely to accept people with opioid use disorder as new patients than people with diabetes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial used an audit design to survey new patient intake at randomly selected family physicians in Ontario, Canada. Eligible physicians were independent practitioners allowed to prescribe opioids who were located in an office within 50 km of a population center greater than 20 000 people. A patient actor made unannounced telephone calls to family physicians asking for a new patient appointment. The data were analyzed in September 2021.InterventionIn the first randomly assigned scenario, the patient actor played a role of patient with diabetes in treatment with an endocrinologist. In the second scenario, the patient actor played a role of a patient with opioid use disorder undergoing methadone treatment with an addiction physician.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTotal offers of a new patient appointment; a secondary analysis compared the proportions of patients offered an appointment stratified by gender, population, model of care, and years in practice.ResultsOf a total 383 family physicians included in analysis, a greater proportion offered a new patient appointment to a patient with diabetes (21 of 185 physicians [11.4%]) than with opioid use disorder (8 of 198 physicians [4.0%]) (absolute difference, 7.4%; 95% CI, 2.0 to 12.6; P = .007). Physicians with more than 20 years in practice were almost 13 times less likely to offer an appointment to a patient with opioid use disorder compared with diabetes (1 of 108 physicians [0.9%] vs 10 of 84 physicians [11.9%]; absolute difference, 11.0; 95% CI, 3.8 to 18.1; P = .001). Women were almost 5 times less likely (3 of 111 physicians [2.7%] vs 14 of 114 physicians [12.3%]; absolute difference, 9.6%; 95% CI, 2.4 to 16.3; P = .007) to offer an appointment to a patient with opioid use disorder than with diabetes.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, family physicians were less likely to offer a new patient appointment to a patient with opioid use disorder compared with a patient with diabetes. Potential health system solutions to this disparity include strengthening policies for accepting new patients, improved compensation, and clinician anti-oppression training.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05484609
Workplace vaccination opportunity against COVID-19 contributed to high perceived organizational support of employees in Japan: A prospective cohort study
Authors:   CORoNaWork Project, Mori Koji , Mori Takahiro , Nagata Tomohisa , Ando Hajime , Hino Ayako , Tateishi Seiichiro , Tsuji Mayumi , Muramatsu Keiji , Fujino Yoshihisa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Perceived organizational support is a broad perception by employees about the extent to which their employer values their contributions and cares about their well-being. We examined the relationship between workplace vaccination opportunities for COVID-19 provided by companies and increases and decreases in perceived organizational support, using a prospective cohort study.

Methods
This study was conducted between December 2020 and December 2021 using a self-administered questionnaire survey in Japan. In total, 18 560 people responded to the follow-up, and were included in this study. The odds ratios (ORs) for the association between company-arranged vaccination opportunities and high perceived organizational support at the follow-up for participants (a) with low perceived organizational support at the baseline (n = 4971), and (b) with high perceived organizational support at the baseline (n = 6912) were separately estimated using a multilevel logistic model.

Results
The OR of high perceived organizational support at the follow-up after low baseline levels was significantly higher in participants given a vaccination opportunity than those not given this opportunity (OR 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32–1.67; p &lt; .001). The OR of high perceived organizational support at the follow-up after high baseline levels was also significantly highly in participants given a vaccination opportunity than not (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.23–1.54; p &lt; .001). These significant differences remained after adjusting for workplace infection control measures.

Conclusions
Employee health support provided through a workplace vaccination program can contribute to high perceived organizational support.
A new reduced model of damped moment frame for rapid optimization of viscous damper placement
Authors: Akehashi Hiroki , Takewaki Izuru 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA new model reduction method is presented for moment‐resisting frames with viscous dampers. The proposed method considers (1) the interactive effect of added damping between the horizontal‐vertical directions and (2) the direct effect with regard to the vertical direction different from the conventional static condensation method. When brace‐type dampers are treated, these effects cannot be neglected originally. The proposed method gives a better correspondence of the fundamental eigenmode with that of the non‐reduced moment frame than the static condensation method. In addition, the proposed reduced model can accurately evaluate the maximum interstory drifts of the non‐reduced moment frame. The proposed model reduction method is formulated in the frequency domain. The frequency dependency of the stiffness matrix and the damping matrix of the reduced model is investigated. The influences of the added damping matrix by viscous dampers on the natural circular frequencies, the damping ratios and the participation vectors are also investigated. Finally, it is demonstrated through a numerical example that the displacement‐based optimization of the damper allocation can be accurately and rapidly conducted by using the reduced models throughout the optimization process.
Evaluating brain damage in multiple sclerosis with simultaneous multi‐angular‐relaxometry of tissue
Authors: Xiang Biao , Wen Jie , Schmidt Robert E. , Sukstanskii Alexander L. , Mamah Daniel , Yablonskiy Dmitriy A. , Cross Anne H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a common demyelinating central nervous system disease. MRI methods that can quantify myelin loss are needed for trials of putative remyelinating agents. Quantitative magnetization transfer MRI introduced the macromolecule proton fraction (MPF), which correlates with myelin concentration. We developed an alternative approach, Simultaneous‐Multi‐Angular‐Relaxometry‐of‐Tissue (SMART) MRI, to generate MPF. Our objective was to test SMART‐derived MPF metric as a potential imaging biomarker of demyelination.MethodsTwenty healthy control (HC), 11 relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), 22 progressive MS (PMS), and one subject with a biopsied tumefactive demyelinating lesion were scanned at 3T using SMART MRI. SMART‐derived MPF metric was determined in normal‐appearing cortical gray matter (NAGM), normal‐appearing subcortical white matter (NAWM), and demyelinating lesions. MPF metric was evaluated for correlations with physical and cognitive test scores. Comparisons were made between HC and MS and between MS subtypes. Furthermore, correlations were determined between MPF and neuropathology in the biopsied person.ResultsSMART‐derived MPF in NAGM and NAWM were lower in MS than HC (p < 0.001). MPF in NAGM, NAWM and lesions differentiated RRMS from PMS (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas lesion volumes did not. MPF in NAGM, NAWM and lesions correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) and nine‐hole peg test (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). MPF was lower in the histopathologically confirmed inflammatory demyelinating lesion than the contralateral NAWM and increased in the biopsied lesion over time, mirroring improved clinical performance.InterpretationSMART‐derived MPF metric holds potential as a quantitative imaging biomarker of demyelination and remyelination.
Productive versus vicarious failure: Do students need to fail themselves in order to learn?
Authors: Hartmann Christian , van Gog Tamara , Rummel Nikol 
Published: September 2022

AbstractProductive Failure is an instructional approach in which students engage in problem‐solving attempts prior to instruction. The Productive Failure approach has been found to be more supportive for conceptual knowledge acquisition during subsequent instruction compared to a direct‐instruction condition in which students receive instruction first followed by problem solving. Failing at problem‐solving attempts prior to instruction is considered to prepare students to better understand the concepts underlying the problem. However, it is an open question whether students need to fail themselves to be effectively prepared for subsequent instruction. We therefore compared the effectiveness of two alternative preparatory activities: Students either engaged in problem‐solving attempts themselves or were shown problem‐solving attempts of another student. This experimental variation allows to show the necessity of own failure for the effectiveness of the PF approach. The results indicated that the two conditions were equally effective at preparing students for subsequent instruction.
Machine‐Learning‐Accelerated Development of Efficient Mixed Protonic–Electronic Conducting Oxides as the Air Electrodes for Protonic Ceramic Cells
Authors: Wang Ning , Yuan Baoyin , Tang Chunmei , Du Lei , Zhu Ruijie , Aoki Yoshitaka , Wang Weibo , Xing Lixin , Ye Siyu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurrently, the development of high‐performance protonic ceramic cells (PCCs) is limited by the scarcity of efficient mixed protonic–electronic conducting oxides that can act as air electrodes to satisfy the high protonic conductivity of electrolytes. Despite the extensive research efforts in the past decades, the development of mixed protonic–electronic conducting oxides still remains in a trial‐and‐error process, which is extremely time consuming and high cost. Herein, based on the data acquired from the published literature, the machine‐learning (ML) method is introduced to accelerate the discovery of efficient mixed protonic–electronic conducting oxides. Accordingly, the hydrated proton concentration (HPC) of 3200 oxides is predicted to evaluate the proton conduction that is essential for enhancing the electrochemical performances of PCCs. Subsequently, feature importance for HPC is evaluated to establish a guideline for rapid and accurate design and development of high‐efficiency mixed protonic–electronic conducting oxides. Thereafter, screened (La0.7Ca0.3)(Co0.8Ni0.2)O3 (LCCN7382) is prepared, and the experimental HPC adequately corresponds with the predicted results. Moreover, the PCC with LCCN7382 exhibits satisfactory electrochemical performances in electrolysis and fuel cell modes. In addition to the development of a promising air electrode for PCC, this study establishes a new avenue for ML‐based development of mixed protonic–electronic conducting oxides.
Epilepsy in Coffin–Siris syndrome: A report from the international CSS registry and review of the literature
Authors: Ciliberto Michael , Skjei Karen , Vasko Ashley , Schrier Vergano Samantha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCoffin–Siris syndrome (CSS, MIM135900) is a rare multiple congenital anomaly syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in the BAF complex; up to 28% of patients have previously been reported to have seizures, however, a comprehensive review of epilepsy has not been undertaken in this population. The International CSS Patient Report Database was queried for patients with self‐reported seizures, epilepsy, and EEG results. Data gathered included demographic data, pathogenic gene variants, seizure characteristics and treatments, and EEG findings. In addition, a PubMed search was performed using keywords “Coffin–Siris syndrome” and “epilepsy,” “seizures,” or “EEG.” Results from relevant papers are reported. Twenty‐four (7.2%) of 334 patients in the database reported having seizures, EEG abnormalities, and/or epilepsy. Median age of seizure onset was 2. 7 years. Fifteen of the 23 patients with seizures or epilepsy had an ARID1B causative variant. Seventeen patients (5.1%) reported EEG abnormalities, the majority of which were described as focal or multifocal (87.5%). In all but one patient, seizures were controlled on antiseizure medications (ASMs). The literature review yielded 311 unique CSS patients, 82 of which (26.4%) carried diagnoses of seizures or epilepsy. Details on seizure type(s), EEG findings, and response to treatment were limited.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Cyclization of Primary Benzylamines with Iodonium Ylides toward Dihydrophenanthridin‐1‐ones
Authors: Zhai Ruirui , Jiao Liulin , Qu Bohong , Yang Xiaoping , Chen Xun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn efficient Rh(III)‐catalyzed free NH2‐assisted C−H activation/cyclization of primary benzylamines with iodinium ylides was first developed. This transformation provides an easy approach to various dihydrophenanthridin‐1‐ones with broad functional group tolerance by using air as a green oxidant. Importantly, some reaction products exhibited some degree of growth inhibition of cancer cells.
Fabrication of fully degradable branched poly (lactic acid) nanofiber membranes for high‐efficiency filter paper materials
Authors: Sun Ning , Shao Weili , Zheng Jin , Zhang Yuting , Li Junli , Liu Simeng , Wang Kai , Niu Jingyi , Li Bo , Gao Yanfei , Liu Fan , Jiang Huadong , He Jianxin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAir pollution caused by particulate matter (PM) poses an imminent threat to the global environment and public health. However, balancing the removal efficiency and pressure drop of most filter materials is difficult. Moreover, filter materials are non‐degradable and non‐recyclable, causing serious harm to the environment. Herein, a strategy to create fully degradable branched poly (lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers based on electrospinning by adjusting the spinning solution properties was reported and branched PLA nanofibers were applied as nanofiber filter paper for air filtration materials. When the PLA and tetrabutylammonium chloride concentrations were 8 and 5 wt%, respectively, PLA nanofibers with branched structures were obtained. The obtained nanofibers possessed a small pore size (0.70 μm), high porosity (92.3%), appropriate mechanical properties, resulting in high PM0.3 removal efficiency (99.95%), low air resistance (79.67 Pa), and promising long‐term PM2.5 purification. Notably, branched T‐PLA‐5 nanofibers exhibited excellent filtration performance when applied to cellulose wood pulp paper. The filtration efficiency of the nanofiber filter paper remained stable above 85% for PM0.3 (32 L min−1) after 5000 backflushings. Thus, the preparation of such nanomaterials may provide new insights into the design and development of high‐performance degradable filtration materials for various applications.
Seed dormancy and germination of the endangered exceptional Hawaiian lobelioid Brighamia rockii
Authors: Wolkis Dustin , Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M. , Rønsted Nina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPremiseThe Campanulaceae (Lobelioideae) is the Hawaiian plant family with the most endangered and extinct species. Although seeds of Hawaiian lobelioids are desiccation tolerant, the species are exceptional (i.e., they present challenges at various stages of the conventional ex situ conservation chain) due to their generally poor seed survival at the conventional seed‐banking temperature (–18°C). Both morphological dormancy (MD) and morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) have been identified in the seeds of other Hawaiian lobelioids; however, the class of dormancy and germination requirements of the Critically Endangered genus Brighamia have not yet been determined.MethodsWe measured the embryonic growth in 12‐week‐old seeds of B. rockii and tested their germination at three temperature regimes (15/5°C, 20/10°C, and 25/15°C) in light and at 25/15°C in darkness.ResultsThe embryos grew prior to radicle emergence, and the seeds germinated rapidly to high percentages in all tested conditions.DiscussionWhether fresh B. rockii seeds have MD or MPD still needs to be determined; nevertheless, 12‐week‐old seeds germinated well in light and darkness, and thus the seeds can be used for conservation purposes. Germination in the dark suggests that the species may not form a long‐lived soil seed bank in its native habitat.
Animal evidence considered in determination of cannabis smoke and Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol as causing reproductive toxicity (developmental endpoint); Part I. Somatic development
Authors: Campbell Marlissa A. , Iyer Poorni , Kaufman Farla , Kim Allegra , Moran Francisco , Niknam Yassaman , Wu Lily , Sandy Martha S. , Zeise Lauren 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesOn December 11, 2019, California's Developmental and Reproductive Toxicant Identification Committee (DARTIC) met to consider the addition of cannabis smoke and Δ9‐THC to the Proposition 65 list as causing reproductive toxicity (developmental endpoint). As the lead state agency for implementing Proposition 65, the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) reviewed and summarized the relevant scientific literature in the form of a hazard identification document (HID). Here we provide reviews based on the HID: shortened, revised, and reformatted for a larger audience.MethodsWhile the HID included both human and animal data, this set of three reviews will highlight the animal‐derived data pertaining to somatic development (Part I), neurodevelopmental effects (Part II), and proposed neurodevelopmental mechanisms of action (Part III).ResultsEndogenous cannabinoids (eCBs) and their receptors serve many critical functions in normal development. Δ9‐THC can interfere with these functions. Mechanistic studies employed techniques including: blocking Δ9‐THC binding to endocannabinoid (EC) receptors, inhibiting Δ9‐THC metabolism, and/or using animals expressing knockout mutations of EC receptors. Apical somatic effects of cannabis smoke or Δ9‐THC reported in whole animal studies included decreases in offspring viability and growth. Mechanistic studies discussed in Part I focused on Δ9‐THC effects on early embryos and implantation, immune development, and bone growth.ConclusionsIn reaching its decision to list cannabis and Δ9‐THC as a developmental toxicant under California's Proposition 65, the DARTIC considered biological plausibility and the consistency of mechanistic information with effects reported in human and whole animal studies.
What are we reading? Hot Topics and Authorship in Ecology Literature Across Decades
Authors: Zettlemoyer Meredith A. , Cortijo‐Robles Karina M. , Srodes Nicholas , Johnson Sarah E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs the field of ecology evolves, analyses synthesizing trends in key topics addressed over the decades can provide historical context for the development of novel theories and methods, identify “hot topics” over time, and guide future research directions. Such syntheses in a field that aims to diversify can also help quantify efforts to increase representation and authorship by underrepresented groups in STEM. To identify hot topics in ecology, we analyzed key themes in the top‐cited ecology papers in three two‐decade timeframes spanning 1960–2019. We also analyzed authorship trends (gender identity and nationality) in the top‐cited papers. We documented a shift from descriptive studies in single biological systems in the 1960–1970, to more synthesis‐based papers and studies discussing human impacts on the environment in the 1980–1990, while the 2000s were dominated by novel quantitative and macroecological approaches. The top‐cited papers were overwhelmingly from the United States and Europe, highlighting the need to make studies from across the globe more visible and accessible in the ecological literature. Finally, we detected a trend for more papers led by women authors, but a decline in papers with women last authors, indicating a need to retain women in leadership positions. Overall, our hot topics analysis highlights the expanding breadth and quantitative nature of ecology, but illustrates barriers to diversity in the perspectives represented in the top‐cited papers.
Demystifying the Graduate School Application Process
Authors: Estien Cesar O. , Chapman Melissa , Schell Christopher J. , Lowy Nicole , Gerson Jacqueline R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNavigating the graduate school application process is often challenging, requiring intricate knowledge of academia and graduate institutional structures. This “Hidden Curriculum of Academia” includes what different graduate degrees offer, how to connect with a faculty member of interest, and the skills needed to submit a “competitive” application. We hope to demystify a portion of this hidden curriculum by focusing on the process of applying to graduate school in research‐oriented science programs. This article provides an overview of graduate school, the application process, how to prepare for it, and potential career paths to pursue following a Master's or Doctoral degree. Our work contributes to the larger literature that aims to increase the transparency of academia and create a more diverse, equitable, and inclusive space.
Resolvin D1: A key endogenous inhibitor of neuroinflammation
Authors: Roohbakhsh Ali , Etemad Leila , Karimi Gholamreza 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAfter the initiation of inflammation, a series of processes start to resolve the inflammation. A group of endogenous lipid mediators, namely specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators is at the top list of inflammation resolution. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), is one of the lipid mediators with significant anti‐inflammatory properties. It is produced from docosahexaenoic acid (omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid) in the body. In this article, we aimed to review the most recent findings concerning the pharmacological effects of RvD1 in the central nervous system with a focus on major neurological diseases and dysfunctions. A literature review of the past studies demonstrated that RvD1 plasma level changes during mania, depression, and Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, RVD1 and its epimer, aspirin‐triggered RvD1 (AT‐RvD1), have significant therapeutic effects on experimental models of ischemic and traumatic brain injuries, memory dysfunction, pain, depression, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of RvD1 and AT‐RvD1 were mostly induced at nanomolar and micromolar concentrations implying the significant potency of these lipid mediators in treating diseases with inflammation.