bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial urinary tract infection and subclinical bacteriuria in dogs receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy
Authors: Harrer Julia , Fejös Csilla , Zablotski Yury , Hirschberger Johannes , Wolf Georg , Rieger Alexandra , Mayer Christian , Dorsch Roswitha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundImmunosuppressive treatment with glucocorticoids and cyclosporine increases the risk for positive urine cultures (PUCs) in dogs.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and incidence of PUC in dogs diagnosed with cancer and treated with antineoplastic chemotherapy while distinguishing between subclinical bacteriuria (SB) and urinary tract infection (UTI).AnimalsForty‐six client‐owned dogs with nonurogenital cancer treated with antineoplastic chemotherapy.MethodsProspective observational longitudinal clinical study. Dogs in which a urine culture was performed before the start of and at least once during antineoplastic chemotherapy were included. A McNemar's test was used to investigate if the prevalence of PUC increased during antineoplastic chemotherapy. Positive urine cultures were categorized into SB and UTI and multiple PUCs from the same dog and category were grouped together as 1 episode of PUC.ResultsUrine culture was positive in 21/185 urine samples in 8/46 dogs. Antineoplastic chemotherapy did not influence the prevalence of PUC (P = 1.00), which was 11% (5/46 dogs; 95% confidence interval: 5‐23%) before the start of and 13% (6/46 dogs; 95% confidence interval: 6‐26%) during antineoplastic chemotherapy. Eight dogs had 10 episodes of PUC; 7/10 episodes were classified as SB, and in 3/10 episodes UTI (chronic prostatitis, prostatic abscess, and emphysematous cystitis) was diagnosed. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen, isolated in 9/10 episodes.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe did not find evidence that antineoplastic chemotherapy is a major predisposing factor for the development of PUC. Most dogs with PUC had SB.
“I Do Not Have to Hurt My Body Anymore”: Reproductive Chronicity and Sterilization as Ambivalent Care in Rural North India
Authors: Lukšaitė Eva 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDrawing on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork in rural Rajasthan, India, I examine women's narratives of chronic reproductive suffering and the practices they employed to relieve it. Cumulative effects of adverse and ordinary reproductive events and exhaustion from caregiving were often seen as reproductive suffering, while sterilization emerged as an act of care toward women's ever‐weakening bodies. Sterilization has been an integral part of the often coercive, incentive‐ and target‐driven population control program in India. Rural women, however, described sterilization not as a form of violence but as an act of care, despite its ambivalence. In the context of reproductive chronicity—a persistent reproductive suffering recurring alongside reproductive events, available care options, relations within which these options are located, and structural conditions that shape women's lives—care and suffering are intimately and ambiguously intertwined.
The gibberellic acid derived from the plastidial MEP pathway is involved in the accumulation of Bamboo mosaic virus
Authors: Huang Ying‐Ping , Chen I‐Hsuan , Kao Yu‐Shun , Hsu Yau‐Heiu , Tsai Ching‐Hsiu 
Published: May 2022

Summary

A gene upregulated in Nicotiana benthamiana after Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) infection was revealed as 1‐deoxy‐d‐xylulose‐5‐phosphate reductoisomerase (NbDXR). DXR is the key enzyme in the 2‐C‐methyl‐d‐erythritol‐4‐phosphate (MEP) pathway that catalyzes the conversion of 1‐deoxy‐d‐xylulose 5‐phosphate to 2‐C‐methyl‐d‐erythritol‐4‐phosphate.

Knockdown and overexpression of NbDXR followed by BaMV inoculation revealed that NbDXR is involved in BaMV accumulation. Treating leaves with fosmidomycin, an inhibitor of DXR function, reduced BaMV accumulation. Subcellular localization confirmed that DXR is a chloroplast‐localized protein by confocal microscopy. Furthermore, knockdown of 1‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐2‐(E)‐butenyl‐4‐diphosphate reductase, one of the enzymes in the MEP pathway, also reduced BaMV accumulation. The accumulation of BaMV increased significantly in protoplasts treated with isopentenyl pyrophosphate. Thus, the metabolites of the MEP pathway could be involved in BaMV infection.

To identify the critical components involved in BaMV accumulation, we knocked down the crucial enzyme of isoprenoid synthesis, NbGGPPS11 or NbGGPPS2. Only NbGGPPS2 was involved in BaMV infection. The geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthesized by NbGGPPS2 is known for gibberellin synthesis. We confirmed this result by supplying gibberellic acid exogenously on leaves, which increased BaMV accumulation.

The de novo synthesis of gibberellic acid could assist BaMV accumulation.
DNA methylation can alter CRISPR/Cas9 editing frequency and DNA repair outcome in a target‐specific manner
Authors: Přibylová Adéla , Fischer Lukáš , Pyott Douglas E. , Bassett Andrew , Molnar Attila 
Published: May 2022

Summary

The impact of epigenetic modifications on the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated double‐stranded DNA breaks and subsequent DNA repair is poorly understood, especially in plants.

In this study, we investigated the effect of the level of cytosine methylation on the outcome of CRISPR/Cas9‐induced mutations at multiple Cas9 target sites in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells using next‐generation sequencing.

We found that high levels of promoter methylation, but not gene‐body methylation, decreased the frequency of Cas9‐mediated mutations. DNA methylation also influenced the ratio of insertions and deletions and potentially the type of Cas9 cleavage in a target‐specific manner. In addition, we detected an over‐representation of deletion events governed by a single 5′‐terminal nucleotide at Cas9‐induced DNA breaks.

Our findings suggest that DNA methylation can indirectly impair Cas9 activity and subsequent DNA repair, probably through changes in the local chromatin structure. In addition to the well described Cas9‐induced blunt‐end double‐stranded DNA breaks, we provide evidence for Cas9‐mediated staggered DNA cuts in plant cells. Both types of cut may direct microhomology‐mediated DNA repair by a novel, as yet undescribed, mechanism.
Plant carbohydrate storage: intra‐ and inter‐specific trade‐offs reveal a major life history trait
Authors: Blumstein Meghan , Sala Anna , Weston David J. , Holbrook Noel Michelle , Hopkins Robin 
Published: May 2022

SummaryTrade‐offs among carbon sinks constrain how trees physiologically, ecologically, and evolutionarily respond to their environments. These trade‐offs typically fall along a productive growth to conservative, bet‐hedging continuum. How nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) stored in living tree cells (known as carbon stores) fit in this trade‐off framework is not well understood.We examined relationships between growth and storage using both within species genetic variation from a common garden, and across species phenotypic variation from a global database.We demonstrate that storage is actively accumulated, as part of a conservative, bet‐hedging life history strategy. Storage accumulates at the expense of growth both within and across species. Within the speciesPopulus trichocarpa, genetic trade‐offs show that for each additional unit of wood area growth (in cm2 yr−1) that genotypes invest in, they lose 1.2 to 1.7 units (mg g−1NSC) of storage. Across species, for each additional unit of area growth (in cm2 yr−1), trees, on average, reduce their storage by 9.5% in stems and 10.4% in roots.Our findings impact our understanding of basic plant biology, fit storage into a widely used growth‐survival trade‐off spectrum describing life history strategy, and challenges the assumptions of passive storage made in ecosystem models today.
Treatment of Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis Using a Free Vascularized Fascia Lata Graft
Authors: Bai Fan , Chen Shanlin , Liu Lu , Tong Dedi , Li Pengcheng , Rong Yanbo , Wu Jingheng , Liu Bo , Yang Yong , Wang Shufeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the modified mobilization surgery technique that uses a free vascularized fascia lata graft as the interposition graft, and to evaluate the outcome of this procedure in treating congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRUS).MethodsEleven patients (eight boys and three girls with an average age of 6.0 years) were treated using this procedure between 2012 and 2017 in our institution. Five bilateral cases (four left forearms and one right forearm were treated), and six unilateral cases (three left forearms and three right forearms) were included. All 11 cases were treated with mobilization procedure with free vascularized fascia lata as the interposition graft, and were followed‐up for an average of 2.2 years (range, 2–4 years). The parental satisfaction, postoperative ankylosis at proximal radioulnar joint, and active range of forearm rotation motion (measured by physical examination) were evaluated at the last follow‐up.ResultsThe average preoperative fixed pronation angle was 67.3° (range, 20°–90°). Ipsilateral thumb hypoplasia was noted in one case, and cleft palate and bilateral thumb hypoplasia were noted in one case; none of the patients had a family history of congenital radioulnar synostosis. Pronation and supination splints were used 3 days after the operation and were worn every night for 4–6 months postoperatively. Active and passive rehabilitation for elbow flexion and forearm rotation was initiated 4 weeks postoperatively. All patients were followed up for at least 2 years (average, 26 months; range, 24–48 months). The average forearm pronation range was 39° (range, 20°–60°), and the average forearm supination range was 33.2° (range, 10°–60°) at the latest follow‐up. Re‐ankylosis occurred in one case. An osseous bridge developed between the radius and ulna at the osteotomy site in one case. Radial nerve paralysis developed in two cases and spontaneously resolved 2 months later. Plate breakage was noted in one case 9 weeks postoperatively; however, union was achieved 7 months later.ConclusionMobilization of proximal radioulnar synostosis using a free vascularized fascia lata graft as the interposition graft may prevent re‐ankylosis and restore the forearm rotation function, making it a good option for the surgical treatment of CRUS.
O‐Arm Navigated Cervical Pedicle Screw Fixation in the Treatment of Lower Cervical Fracture‐Dislocation
Authors: Zhang Kai , Chen Hao , Chen Kangwu , Yang Peng , Yang Huilin , Mao Haiqing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of cervical pedicle screw (CPS) placement with O‐arm navigation in the treatment of lower cervical fracture‐dislocation.MethodsA retrospective clinical study was performed involving 42 consecutive patients with lower cervical spine fracture‐dislocation who underwent CPS fixation surgery with O‐arm navigation (CPS group) or received conventional lateral mass screw (LMS) fixation surgery (LMS group) between August 2015 and August 2019. Accuracy of CPS position was evaluated by postoperative CT. The clinical parameters including preoperative and final follow‐up Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, preoperative Sub‐axial Injury Classification (SLIC) score, number of fixation segments, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, injury mechanism, injury location, surgical complications were also assessed between the two groups.ResultsIn LMS group, the preoperative SLIC score was 7.5 ± 0.9, ASIA score improvement was 0.8 ± 0.5, JOA score improvement was 3.0 ± 1.8, mean operation time was 204 ± 89 min, intraoperative blood loss was 311 ± 127 ml. In CPS group, the preoperative SLIC score was 7.3 ± 1.2, ASIA score improvement was 0.9 ± 0.5, JOA score improvement was 3.2 ± 2.4, mean operation time is 241 ± 85 min, intraoperative blood loss is about 327 ± 120 ml. There was no significant difference in terms of above clinical parameters between the two groups (P > 0.05), the fixation segments in CPS group (3.5 ± 1.1) were less than that in LMS group (4.2 ± 0.7) (P = 0.037). The accuracy of CPS insertion was evaluated based on postoperative CT. Of all the 118 CPSs, 83 (70.3%) were defined as Grade 0; 27 (22.9%) as Grade 1; eight (6.8%) as Grade 2; and none as Grade 3. CPS malposition rate in this study was 6.8%. In this study, there was no direct intraoperative or postoperative complication caused by CPS or LMS insertion. All the operations were successfully completed in two groups. One of the patients in LMS group presented cerebrospinal fluid leak caused by bone fragment broken of the dural sac, which led to delayed incision healing. CPS group and LMS group both had two patients who suffered pulmonary infection after surgery. A total of 78.6% of the patients showed evidence of neurologic recovery. Satisfactory reduction was achieved in all cases and maintained throughout the follow‐up duration.ConclusionIn the treatment of lower cervical spine fracture‐dislocation, cervical pedicle screw insertion with O‐arm navigation is a safe and effective method for posterior fixation.
Osseointegrated Metallic Implants for Finger Amputees: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Bregoli Chiara , Biffi Carlo Alberto , Morellato Kavin , Gruppioni Emanuele , Primavera Matteo , Rampoldi Michele , Lando Mario , Adani Roberto , Tuissi Ausonio 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDigital trauma amputations and digital agenesis strongly affect the functionality and aesthetic appearance of the hand. Autologous reconstruction is the gold standard of treatment. Unfortunately, microsurgical options and transplantation procedures are not possible for patients who present contraindications or refuse to undergo transplantation from the toe (e.g. toe‐to‐thumb transplantation). To address these issues, osseointegrated finger prostheses are a promising alternative. The functional assessments registered during follow‐up confirmed the promising outcomes of osseointegrated prostheses in the treatment of hand finger amputees. This review outlines (a) a detailed analysis of osseointegrated finger metallic components of the implants, (b) the surgical procedures suggested in the literature, and (c) the functional assessments and promising outcomes that demonstrate the potential of these medical osseointegrated devices in the treatment of finger amputees.
Validation of CT‐Based Three‐Dimensional Preoperative Planning in Comparison with Acetate Templating for Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Yiou , Ma Ruichen , Peng Huiming , Zhu Shibai , Li Shanni , Li Songlin , Dong Xiying , Qiu Guixing , Qian Wenwei 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveThis study aims to compare the accuracy of CT‐based preoperative planning with that of acetate templating in predicting implant size, neck length, and neck cut length, and to evaluate the reproducibility of the two methods.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted between August 2020 and March 2021. Patients who underwent elective primary total hip arthroplasty by a single surgeon were assessed for eligibility. The included patients underwent both acetate templating and CT‐based planning by two observers after the operation. Each observer conducted both acetate templating and CT‐based planning twice for each case. The outcome measures included the following: (1) the accuracy of surgical planning in predicting implant size, calcar length, and neck length, which was defined as the difference between the planned size and length and the actual size and length; (2) reproducibility of the two planning techniques, which were assessed by inter‐observer and intra‐observer reliability analysis; (3) the influence of potential confounding factors on planning accuracy, which was evaluated using generalized estimating equations.ResultsA total of 57 cases were included in the study. CT‐based planning was more accurate than acetate templating for predicting cup size (93% vs 79%, p < 0.001) and stem size (93% vs 75%, p < 0.001). When assessed by mean absolute difference, the comparison between acetate templating and CT‐based planning was 4.28 mm vs 3.74 mm (p = 0.122) in predicting neck length and 3.05 mm vs 2.93 mm (p = 0.731) in predicting neck cut length. In the inter‐observer reliability analysis, an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.790 was achieved for predicting cup size, and an ICC of 0.966 was achieved for predicting stem size using CT‐based planning. In terms of intra‐observer reliability, Observer 1 achieved an ICC of 0.803 for predicting cup size and 0.965 for predicting stem size in CT‐based planning. Observer 2 achieved ICC values of 0.727 and 0.959 for predicting cup and stem sizes, respectively. The average planning time was 6.48 ± 1.55 min for CT‐based planning and 6.12 ± 1.40 min for acetate templating (p = 0.015).ConclusionThe CT‐based planning system is more accurate than acetate templating for predicting implant size and has good reproducibility in total hip arthroplasty.
Changes in positive and negative voice content in cognitive‐behavioural therapy for distressing voices
Authors: Brand Rachel M. , Badcock Johanna C. , Paulik Georgie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivePeople who experience distressing voices frequently report negative (e.g. abusive or threatening) voice content and this is a key driver of distress. There has also been recognition that positive (e.g. reassuring, or guiding) voice content contributes to better outcomes. Despite this, voice content has been neglected as a standalone outcome in evaluations of psychological therapies for distressing voices. We aimed to examine whether a modular cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention for voices led to changes in negative and positive voice content.Design/MethodsIn a naturalistic, uncontrolled pre‐ and post‐ service evaluation study, 32 clients at an outpatient psychology service for distressing voices received eight sessions of CBT for distressing voices and completed self‐report measures of negative and positive voice content at pre‐, mid‐ and post‐ therapy.ResultsThere was no significant change in positive voice content. There was no significant change in negative voice content from pre‐ to post‐therapy; however, there was a significant change in negative voice content between mid and post‐treatment in which the cognitive therapy component was delivered. The CBT treatment was also associated with significant changes in routinely reported outcomes of voice‐related distress and voice severity.ConclusionsThe cognitive component of CBT for distressing voices may be associated with changes in negative, but not positive, voice content. There may be benefit to enhancing these effects by developing treatments targeting specific processes involved in negative and positive voice content and further exploring efficacy in well‐powered, controlled trials with more comprehensive measures of voice content.
Application of developmental regulators to improve in planta or in vitro transformation in plants
Authors: Lian Zhaoyuan , Nguyen Chi Dinh , Liu Li , Wang Guiluan , Chen Jianjun , Wang Songhu , Yi Ganjun , Wilson Sandra , Ozias‐Akins Peggy , Gong Haijun , Huo Heqiang 
Published: May 2022

SummaryPlant genetic transformation is a crucial step for applying biotechnology such as genome editing to basic and applied plant science research. Its success primarily relies on the efficiency of gene delivery into plant cells and the ability to regenerate transgenic plants. In this study, we have examined the effect of several developmental regulators (DRs), including PLETHORA (PLT5), WOUND INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION 1 (WIND1), ENHANCED SHOOT REGENERATION (ESR1), WUSHEL (WUS) and a fusion of WUS and BABY‐BOOM (WUS‐P2A‐BBM), on in planta transformation through injection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus). The results showed that PLT5, WIND1 and WUS promoted in planta transformation of snapdragons. An additional test of these three DRs on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) further demonstrated that the highest in planta transformation efficiency was observed from PLT5. PLT5 promoted calli formation and regeneration of transformed shoots at the wound positions of aerial stems, and the transgene was stably inherited to the next generation in snapdragons. Additionally, PLT5 significantly improved the shoot regeneration and transformation in two Brassica cabbage varieties (Brassica rapa) and promoted the formation of transgenic calli and somatic embryos in sweet pepper (Capsicum annum) through in vitro tissue culture. Despite some morphological alternations, viable seeds were produced from the transgenic Bok choy and snapdragons. Our results have demonstrated that manipulation of PLT5 could be an effective approach for improving in planta and in vitro transformation efficiency, and such a transformation system could be used to facilitate the application of genome editing or other plant biotechnology application in modern agriculture.
Refractory focal epithelial hyperplasia successfully treated with novel use of nano‐pulse stimulation technology
Authors: Elgash May , Bar Anna , Dhossche Julie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFocal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH), or Heck's disease, is an uncommon HPV‐related dermatosis that presents with multiple discrete papules or nodules on the lips, tongue, and gingival or oral mucosa. Treatment is often sought due to cosmesis, social stigma, and functional impairment. Treatment is challenging and a variety of treatment modalities have been attempted with varying degrees of success. This report describes the novel use of nano‐pulse stimulation in the successful treatment of recalcitrant FEH of the upper and lower vermillion lip.
Behavior change versus stability during the college‐to‐work transition: Life course and the “stickiness” of alcohol misuse at career entry
Authors: Liu Songqi , Bamberger Peter , Wang Mo , Nahum‐Shani Inbal , Larimer Mary , Bacharach Samuel B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo what extent and under what conditions do college graduates disengage from employment‐incompatible behaviors during the college‐to‐work (C2W) transition? Drawing from the life course perspective, we proposed a model highlighting considerable stability of employment‐incompatible behaviors during initial months of organizational socialization. Our model predicted that maturing out of such behaviors, which is expected by employers and beneficial to career adjustment, would be more likely to occur given a conducive transition context. Using a large dataset tracking graduates from their last semester in college to up to approximately 1.5 years after graduation and with alcohol use as our empirical referent, we demonstrated that a pattern of high‐risk drinking behavior may remain even after the transition into full‐time employment. We further showed that lower levels of perceived cohort drinking norms and higher levels of mentoring were associated with a higher probability of maturing out, manifesting in a transition from a high‐risk drinking profile before graduation to a moderate drinking profile after starting full‐time employment. Finally, we found that maturing out was associated with lagged outcomes including lower levels of sleep problems and depression and fewer workdays lost to absenteeism, thus underscoring the consequential nature of behavior profile shifts during the C2W transition.