bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enduring Edge
Authors: Winters Jeffrey 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The degree to which technical skills are needed for new graduates and early career engineers is hotly debated. By some standards, deep knowledge of digital engineering technologies has never been more important or so hard to come by. But the difference-makers, employers say, are abilities that might be thought of as “soft skills,” such as flexibility, leadership, innate curiosity, and a flair for innovation.
Design and Cost Study of Improved Scaled-Up Centrifugal Particle Receiver Based on Simulation
Authors: Frantz Cathy , Buck Reiner , Amsbeck Lars 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A numerical model of the CentRec® receiver has been developed and validated using the measurement data collected during the experimental test campaign of the centrifugal particle system at the solar tower Jülich. The model has been used to calculate the thermo-optical efficiency of a scaled-up 20 MWth receiver for various receiver geometries. A cost function has been deduced and was used to perform a techno-economic study on an levelized cost of heat (LCOH) basis of the CentRec® receiver concept. Attractive LCOH as low as 0.0209 €/kWhth for a system with thermal storage, or as low as 0.0150 €/kWhth for the LCOH without storage, is predicted. This study has shown that the optimal configuration from an LCOH perspective for a 20 MWth centrifugal particle receiver reaches specific receiver costs of 35 €/kWth. Hereby, the costs of the receiver can be reduced by 60% compared to the original configuration.
The Response of an Inerter-Based Dynamic Vibration Absorber With a Parametrically Excited Centrifugal Pendulum
Authors: Gupta Aakash , Tai Wei-Che 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe inerter has been integrated into various vibration mitigation devices, whose mass amplification effect could enhance the suppression capabilities of these devices. In the current study, the inerter is integrated with a pendulum vibration absorber, referred to as inerter pendulum vibration absorber (IPVA). To demonstrate its efficacy, the IPVA is integrated with a linear, harmonically forced oscillator seeking vibration mitigation. A theoretical investigation is conducted to understand the nonlinear response of the IPVA. It is shown that the IPVA operates based on a nonlinear energy transfer phenomenon wherein the energy of the linear oscillator transfers to the pendulum vibration absorber as a result of parametric resonance of the pendulum. The parametric instability is predicted by the harmonic balance method along with the Floquet theory. A perturbation analysis shows that a pitchfork bifurcation and period doubling bifurcation are necessary and sufficient conditions for the parametric resonance to occur. An arc-length continuation scheme is used to predict the boundary of parametric instability in the parameter space and verify the perturbation analysis. The effects of various system parameters on the parametric instability are examined. Finally, the IPVA is compared with a linear benchmark and an autoparametric vibration absorber and shows more efficacious vibration suppression.
Multimodal Data-Driven Robot Control for Human–Robot Collaborative Assembly
Authors: Liu Sichao , Wang Lihui , Vincent Wang Xi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In human–robot collaborative assembly, leveraging multimodal commands for intuitive robot control remains a challenge from command translation to efficient collaborative operations. This article investigates multimodal data-driven robot control for human–robot collaborative assembly. Leveraging function blocks, a programming-free human–robot interface is designed to fuse multimodal human commands that accurately trigger defined robot control modalities. Deep learning is explored to develop a command classification system for low-latency and high-accuracy robot control, in which a spatial-temporal graph convolutional network is developed for a reliable and accurate translation of brainwave command phrases into robot commands. Then, multimodal data-driven high-level robot control during assembly is facilitated by the use of event-driven function blocks. The high-level commands serve as triggering events to algorithms execution of fine robot manipulation and assembly feature-based collaborative assembly. Finally, a partial car engine assembly deployed to a robot team is chosen as a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed system.
Co-Evolution of Communication and System Performance in Engineering Systems Design: A Stochastic Network-Behavior Dynamics Model
Authors: Chaudhari Ashish M. , Gralla Erica L. , Szajnfarber Zoe , Panchal Jitesh H. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Engineering systems design is a dynamic socio-technical process where the social factors, such as interdisciplinary interactions, and technical factors, such as design interdependence and the design state, co-evolve. Understanding this co-evolution can lead to behavioral insights, resulting in efficient communication pathways and better designs. In that context, we investigate how to generate behavioral insights to inform effective structuring of interdisciplinary interactions in engineering systems design teams. We present an approach that combines the predictive capabilities of computational modeling with contextual information from empirical data. A stochastic network-behavior dynamics model quantifies the co-evolution of design interdependence, discipline-specific interaction decisions, and the changes in system performance. We employ two datasets, one of the student subjects designing an automotive engine and NASA engineers designing a spacecraft. Then, we apply Bayesian statistical inference to estimate model parameters and compare insights across the two datasets. The results indicate that design interdependence and social network factors such as reciprocity and popularity have strong positive effects on interdisciplinary interactions for the expert and student subjects alike. An additional modulating impact of system performance on the number of interactions is observed for the student subjects. Inversely, the total number of interactions, irrespective of their discipline-wise distribution, has a weak but statistically significant positive effect on system performance in both cases. However, we observe that excessive interactions mirrored with design interdependence and inflexibility in design exploration reduced the system performance. These insights support the case for open boundaries in systems design teams to improve system performance.
Geometric Error Propagation Model-Based Accuracy Synthesis and Its Application to a 1T2R Parallel Manipulator
Authors: Tang Tengfei , Chi Changcheng , Fang Hanliang , Zhang Jun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
To meet the increasing requirements for precision hybrid machine tools, this paper presents a geometric error propagation model-based accuracy synthesis method for parallel manipulators (PMs) with one translational and two rotational (1T2R) motion abilities. A unified geometric error propagation model of a family of 1T2R PMs is established with the first-order kinematic perturbation method. A set of geometric error propagation intensity indexes is formulated to describe the geometric error propagation characteristics in a quantitative manner. The equivalent effects of specified terminal accuracy are derived to directly determine the allowable values of all geometric source errors. Based on these, a computation algorithm is summarized for designating a tolerance allocation scheme to meet the specified terminal accuracy of a 1T2R PM. To demonstrate the accuracy synthesis method, a novel 1T2R PM with a 2UPR-1RPS (“R,” revolute joint; “U,” universal joint; “S,” spherical joint; “P,” prismatic actuated joint) topology is taken as an example to allocate geometric tolerances under the specified terminal accuracy. Following the tolerance allocation scheme, a laboratory prototype of the exemplary PM is fabricated and further experimentally measured. The measured kinematic results indicate that the prototype possesses an acceptable position error smaller than 0.15 mm, verifying the feasibility of the proposed accuracy synthesis method. Hence, the proposed method can be applied as a forward tolerance design tool to reduce the design iterations and development risks of low-mobility parallel robots.
Efficient Model-Free Calibration of a 5-Degree of Freedom Hybrid Robot
Authors: Shen NanYan , Yuan HengMing , Li Jing , Wang ZiRui , Geng Liang , Shi HuiEn , Lu NingHe 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The pose accuracy is a crucial issue that limits the application of hybrid robots. The model-free calibration instead of complex error modeling is investigated to improve the pose accuracy of a 5-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) hybrid robot efficiently. To overcome the difficult problem of model-free calibration in high-dimension joint space that the required measurement data for accurate prediction increase exponentially, a dimensionality reduction method is proposed to decompose high-dimension joint space into two low-dimension subspaces. Then the pose errors can be respectively measured in two subspaces based on the calibrated standard poses to train their corresponding pose error predicators. The standard poses ensure the measured pose errors in two subspaces do not affect each other. Thus, a merging operation obtained by kinematic analysis can finally merge the predicted pose errors of two subspaces into the complete pose error. The error predicators established by several regression methods including artificial neural network, extreme learning machine (ELM) and Twin Gaussian process regression are compared on multi aspects, and ELM stands out among them due to its outstanding prediction accuracy, good anti-noise ability, and low training data requirements. In addition, different representations of pose and pose error are adopted at different calibration stages to deal with the influence of parasitic motion of hybrid robot for the implementation of proposed calibration method. The compensation experiment is executed and the results show that position and orientation errors are reduced by 92.4% and 88.2% on average after calibration and the pose accuracy can meet application requirements.
The stability of dinosaur communities before the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary: A perspective from southern Alberta using calcium isotopes as a dietary proxy
Authors: Martin Jeremy E. , Hassler Auguste , Montagnac Gilles , Therrien François , Balter Vincent 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Reconstructing dinosaur trophic structure prior to the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary may provide information about ecosystem organization and evolution. Using calcium isotopes, we investigate preserved biogenic isotope compositions in a set of dinosaur teeth from three continental formations from Alberta, Canada, to assess latest Cretaceous food web structure. Tooth enamel δ44/42Ca values are presented for tyrannosaurids (n = 34) and potential large herbivorous prey (n = 42) in the upper Campanian Dinosaur Provincial Park Formation, upper-most Campanian–Maastrichtian Horseshoe Canyon Formation, and upper Maastrichtian–lower Paleocene Scollard Formation, spanning the last ~10 m.y. of the Cretaceous. The influence of diagenesis is assessed in a subset sample through major and trace elemental concentrations and ultraviolet (UV) Raman spectra, which provides a framework for interpreting calcium isotope values. In the Dinosaur Park Formation, hadrosaurid δ44/42Ca values are systematically heavier than ceratopsid values, a difference that is interpreted to reflect niche partitioning among megaherbivores. Tyrannosaurid δ44/42Ca values are scattered but on average, they are 44Ca-depleted relative to herbivorous dinosaurs in all three formations. As interpreted from the Dinosaur Park data set, tyrannosaurids may have preferentially fed on hadrosaurids. These analyses offer possibilities for testing whether trophic structure among non-avian dinosaur ecosystems changed several millions of years prior to the K–Pg boundary.
Ocular adverse events associated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: a case series and review
Authors: Mumtaz Aisha A , Fischer Andrew , Lutfi Forat , Matsumoto Lisa R , Atanackovic Djordje , Kolanci Elif T , Hankey Kim G , Hardy Nancy M , Yared Jean A , Kocoglu Mehmet H , Rapoport Aaron P , Dahiya Saurabh , Li Albert S , Sunshine Sarah Brem 
Published: February 2022

Background/aimsChimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy has been shown to improve the remission rate and survival for patients with refractory haematological malignancies. The aim of this study is to describe ocular adverse effects associated with CAR T therapy in patients with haematological malignancies.MethodsThis is a retrospective, single-institution, case series. Patients aged 18 years or older who received standard of care CAR T therapy for relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma with a documented ophthalmic evaluation were included. The primary outcome was clinician ophthalmic examination findings.ResultsA total of 66 patients received CAR T-cell therapy from February 2018 to October 2019 with 11 receiving an ophthalmic examination. Eleven patients (n=22 eyes) who received CAR T-cell therapy were included in review. The median time from CAR T-cell infusion date to ocular examination was 57.5 days. The median patient age at the time of examination was 60.5 years. Ten patients had subjective symptoms prompting ophthalmic examination. Two patients reported floaters and photopsias. One patient had worsening ocular graft-versus-host disease. Two patients were identified with possible reactivation of viral infections, including herpes zoster ophthalmicus and regressing acute retinal necrosis.ConclusionsThe increasing use of CAR T therapy for malignancies underscores the importance of ophthalmologists and oncologists understanding the potential toxicities associated with its use, particularly ocular toxicities and when to refer for an ophthalmic examination.
Study protocol for a randomised trial evaluating the non-inferiority of stepped palliative care versus early integrated palliative care for patients with advanced lung cancer
Authors: Post Kathryn E , Heuer Lauren B , Kamal Arif H , Kumar Pallavi , Elyze Madeleine , Griffith Sarah , Han Jacqueline , Friedman Fred , Jackson Ashley , Trotter Chardria , Plotke Rachel , Vyas Charu , Jackson Vicki , Rabideau Dustin J , Greer Joseph A , Temel Jennifer S 
Published: February 2022

IntroductionIntegrating palliative care (PC) early in the illness course for patients with serious cancers improves their outcomes and is recommended by national organisations such as the American Society of Clinical Oncology. However, monthly visits with PC clinicians from the time of diagnosis can be challenging to implement due to the lack of specialty-trained PC clinicians and resources. Therefore, we developed a stepped care model to triage PC service based on patients’ needs.Methods and analysisWe are conducting a non-blinded, randomised trial to evaluate the non-inferiority of a stepped PC model compared with an early integrated PC model for improving patients’ quality of life (QOL) at 24 weeks (primary outcome). Patients assigned to early integrated PC meet with PC every 4 weeks throughout their illness. Patients assigned to stepped PC have PC visits only at clinically significant points in their illness (eg, cancer progression) unless their QOL decreases, at which time they are ‘stepped up’ and meet with PC every 4 weeks throughout the remainder of their illness. Secondary aims include assessing whether stepped PC is non-inferior to early integrated PC regarding patient-clinician communication about end of life care and length of stay on hospice as well as comparing resource utilisation. Patients are recruited from the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Duke Cancer Center, Durham, North Carolina and University of Pennsylvania Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The target sample size is 510 patients.Ethics and disseminationThe study is funded by the National Cancer Institute, approved by the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center Institutional Review Board and will be reported in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement. We will disseminate results through professional society meetings, peer-reviewed publications and presentations to patient organisations.Trial registration numberNCT03337399.
Prognostic disclosure in oncology - current communication models: a scoping review
Authors: Bloom Julie Rachel , Marshall Deborah Catherine , Rodriguez-Russo Carlos , Martin Emily , Jones Joshua Adam , Dharmarajan Kavita Vyas 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundPrognostic disclosure is essential to informed decision making in oncology, yet many oncologists are unsure how to successfully facilitate this discussion. This scoping review determines what prognostic communication models exist, compares and contrasts these models, and explores the supporting evidence.MethodA protocol was created for this study using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols extension for Scoping Reviews. Comprehensive literature searches of electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane CENTRAL were executed to identify relevant publications between 1971 and 2020.ResultsIn total, 1532 articles were identified, of which 78 met inclusion criteria and contained 5 communication models. Three of these have been validated in randomised controlled trials (the Serious Illness Conversation Guide, the Four Habits Model and the ADAPT acronym) and have demonstrated improved objective communication measures and patient reported outcomes. All three models emphasise the importance of exploring patients’ illness understanding and treatment preferences, communicating prognosis and responding to emotion.ConclusionCommunicating prognostic estimates is a core competency skill in advanced cancer care. This scoping review highlights available communication models and identifies areas in need of further assessment. Such areas include how to maintain learnt communication skills for lifelong practice, how to assess patient and caregiver understanding during and after these conversations, and how to best scale these protocols at the institutional and national levels.
Thunderclap headache syndrome presenting to the emergency department: an international multicentre observational cohort study
Authors: Roberts Tom , Horner Daniel E , Chu Kevin , Than Martin , Kelly Anne-Maree , Klim Sharon , Kinnear Frances , Keijzers Gerben , Karamercan Mehmet Akif , Wijeratne Tissa , Kamona Sinan , Kuan Win Sen , Graham Colin A , Body Richard , Laribi Said 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundMost headache presentations to emergency departments (ED) have benign causes; however, approximately 10% will have serious pathology. International guidelines recommend that patients describing the onset of headache as ‘thunderclap’ undergo neuroimaging and further investigation. The association of this feature with serious headache cause is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine if patients presenting with thunderclap headache are significantly more likely to have serious underlying pathology than patients with more gradual onset and to determine compliance with guidelines for investigation.MethodsThis was a planned secondary analysis of an international, multicentre, observational study of adult ED patients presenting with a main complaint of headache. Data regarding demographics, investigation strategies and final ED diagnoses were collected. Thunderclap headache was defined as severe headache of immediate or almost immediate onset and peak intensity. Proportion of patients with serious pathology in thunderclap and non-thunderclap groups were compared by χ² test.Results644 of 4536 patients presented with thunderclap headache (14.2%). CT brain imaging and lumbar puncture were performed in 62.7% and 10.6% of cases, respectively. Among patients with thunderclap headache, serious pathology was identified in 10.9% (95%CI 8.7% to 13.5%) of cases—significantly higher than the proportion found in patients with a different headache onset (6.6% (95% CI 5.9% to 7.4%), p<0.001.). The incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) was 3.6% (95% CI 2.4% to 5.3%) in those with thunderclap headache vs 0.3% (95% CI 0.2% to 0.5%) in those without (p<0.001). All cases of SAH were diagnosed on CT imaging. Non-serious intracranial pathology was diagnosed in 87.7% of patients with thunderclap headache.ConclusionsThunderclap headache presenting to the ED appears be associated with higher risk for serious intracranial pathology, including SAH, although most patients with this type of headache had a benign cause. Neuroimaging rates did not align with international guidelines, suggesting potential need for further work on standardisation.
Delayed cardiac repolarisation as a predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Fishbein Joanna , Coleman Kristie M , Bhullar Amarbir , Sharma Nikhil , Zafeiropoulos Stefanos , Ansari Umair , Bimal Tia , Liu Yan , Mountantonakis Stavros E 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveWith the rapid influx of COVID-19 admissions during the first wave of the pandemic, there was an obvious need for an efficient and streamlined risk stratification tool to aid in triaging. To this date, no clinical prediction tool exists for patients presenting to the hospital with COVID-19 infection.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted in one of 13 Northwell Health Hospitals, located in the wider New York Metropolitan area between 1 March 2020 and 27 April 2020. Inclusion criteria were a positive SARS-CoV-2 nasal swab, a 12-lead ECG within 48 hours,and a complete basic metabolic panel within 96 hours of presentation.ResultsAll-cause, in-hospital mortality was 27.1% among 7098 patients. Independent predictors of mortality included demographic characteristics (male gender, race and increased age), presenting vitals (oxygen saturation <92% and heart rate >120 bpm), metabolic panel values (serum lactate >2.0 mmol/L, sodium >145, mmol/L, blood urea nitrogen >40 mmol/L, aspartate aminotransferase >40 U/L, Creatinine >1.3 mg/dL and glycose >100 mg/L) and comorbidities (congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary artery disease). In addition to those, our analysis showed that delayed cardiac repolarisation (QT corrected for heart rate (QTc) >500 ms) was independently associated with mortality (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.90). Previously mentioned parameters were incorporated into a risk score that accurately predicted in-hospital mortality (AUC 0.78).ConclusionIn the largest cohort of COVID-19 patients with complete ECG data on presentation, we found that in addition to demographics, presenting vitals, clinical history and basic metabolic panel values, QTc >500 ms is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality.