bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated With Antibiotic Therapy in Children Hospitalized With Asthma Exacerbation
Authors: Pinto Jamie M. , Wagle Sarita , Navallo Lauren J. , Petrova Anna 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE
Despite lack of benefit, antibiotics are overused in management of asthma exacerbation in children. In this study, data from a single children's hospital were analyzed to identify factors and outcomes associated with antibiotic use in children hospitalized with asthma.

METHODS
The study population was identified by using administrative data from 2012 to 2015, with subsequent verification of asthma. We analyzed factors associated with antibiotic use (demographic, seasonal, clinical) and outcome (length of stay [LOS]) with respect to: 1) disposition to pediatric floor (PF) or pediatric intensive care unit (PICU); and 2) evidence of coexisting bacterial infection and/or fever. Statistical analysis included univariate and controlled regression models. Data are presented as median and IQR for continuous variables and OR and regression coefficient (β) with 95% CIs for regression analyses.

RESULTS
Of 600 patients, 28.8% were admitted to PICU, 14.8% had verified bacterial infection, and 53.8% received antibiotic, mainly azithromycin. Nearly all PICU patients were treated with antibiotic, irrespective of coexisting bacterial infection or fever. Among PF patients, nearly 30% without bacterial infection or fever and 40% with fever alone received antimicrobials. Overall risk for antibiotic treatment was associated with older age, female sex, desaturation events, oxygen supplementation, and PICU admission. Additionally, antibiotic treatment was associated with 13- to 19-hour increased LOS for PF patients without bacterial infection and/or fever.

CONCLUSIONS
Almost half of pediatric patients admitted with asthma exacerbation received antibiotic therapy with no clear indication, which was associated with prolonged LOS.
Stability Testing of Sirolimus in Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Brown Miel , Koury Jason , Sturtevant Suzzette , Wiley Cody , Felton Linda 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE
Recently, a premature neonate, born at 26.5 weeks, was treated with sirolimus for kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon at the University of New Mexico Children's Hospital. Because of the lipophilic properties of the drug and an inability to draw the correct dose needed for the neonate with the standard 1 mg/mL concentration, sirolimus was diluted to 0.01 mg/mL (10 mg/L) in medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of sirolimus diluted in MCT oil.

METHODS
Commercially available sirolimus oral solution was diluted with MCT oil from 1 mg/mL to 10 mg/L. The diluted samples were prepared by measuring 0.1 mL of the commercial product in an oral syringe and mixing with 9.9 mL of MCT oil. The 3 diluted samples were placed in amber glass vials, stored at 10°C, and analyzed over 14 days.

RESULTS
The initial concentration of the 3 samples ranged from 8.5 to 10.8 mg/L sirolimus, or 85% to 108% of the target value. No significant differences were seen between average concentrations on the days tested. However, the average drug concentration fell to approximately 90% of the theoretical 10 mg/L target concentration between days 7 and 10.

CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that sirolimus oral solution diluted with MCT oil to a final concentration of 10 mg/L was stable for at least 7 days when stored at 10°C, suggesting that the beyond-use date should be 7 days.
Alberto Magno, Proemio al De Praedicamentis: Sobre las categorías
Authors: Berrocal Sarnelli Álvaro 
Published: May 2022

In this paper we intend to fill a gap in the study of medieval philosophy by providing a complete and stable text of the Preface to Aristotle’s De Praedicamentis by Albert the Great. Our intention is that this translation could be useful for scholars of Aristotle and its reception in the 13th century, and of the Colonian author himself. We also provide an initial discussion about the historical and philosophical contextualization as well as a philological discussion about the fundamental terms of the fragment. We provide also a glossary that includes the fundamental concepts as well as their use in the text.
En este artículo pretendemos llenar un vacío en el estudio dde la filosofía medieval aportando un texto completo y estable del Proemio al De Praedicamentis de Alberto Magno. Nuestra intención es que pueda servir como herramienta para estudiosos tanto de Aristóteles y su recepción en el Siglo XIII, como del propio autor Coloniense. Aportamos además una discusión inicial acerca de la contextualización histórica y filosófica así como una discusión filológica acerca de los términos fundamentales del fragmento. Ponemos también a disposición del lector un glosario que recoge los conceptos fundamentales así como su uso en el texto.
Effect of napping on a bean bag chair on sleep stage, muscle activity, and heart rate variability
Authors: Nishida Masaki , Ichinose Atsushi , Murata Yusuke , Shioda Kohei 
Published: May 2022

Background
Although ample evidence has demonstrated that daytime napping is beneficial for health and cognitive performance, bedding for napping has not yet been scientifically investigated.

Objectives
To explore the effect of a bean bag chair on daytime napping and physiological parameters related to sleep.

Methods
Fourteen healthy participants were enrolled within the context of a randomized, single-blind, crossover study to evaluate the effects of a bean bag chair in comparison with those of a urethane chair manufactured to have a similar shape. Electroencephalogram, electromyogram, and heart rate variability were recorded and compared between wakefulness and napping.

Results
Electroencephalogram analyses revealed no significant differences in sleep architecture or frequency components; however, a significant decrease was found in electromyogram recordings in the trapezius muscle, which represents the neck region (p = 0.019). Additionally, a significant main effect of bedding in the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (F[1,20] = 4.314, p = 0.037) was revealed.

Conclusions
These results suggest that napping in a bean bag chair may provide a comfortable napping environment involving muscle relaxation and proper regulation of the autonomic nervous function.
An assessment of sensory sensitivity in women suffering from depression using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Authors: Witkoś Joanna , Fusińska-Korpik Agnieszka , Hartman-Petrycka Magdalena , Nowak Agnieszka 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPerception is the process or result of the process arising from the mental interpretation of the phenomena occurring, therefore it depends not only on physiology, but is also psychologically and socially conditioned. The aim of this study was to assess if there is a difference in the sensory sensitivity to an electrical stimulus in women suffering from depression and what the hedonic rating is of the lived experience of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.MethodsThe depression group: 44 women, who were inpatients treated for depression at the Psychiatric Ward in the Clinical Hospital, and the control group: 41 women, matched by the age, height and weight, with no mental illness. Measures: threshold for sensing current, type of sensation evoked, hedonic rating.ResultsMedian sensing threshold of electric current (depressionvs.control: 7.75 mAvs.8.35 mA; no significant), type of sensation evoked (depression vs. control: tingling 90.9%vs.92.7%, no significant), hedonic rating (depression vs. control: unpleasant 11.4%vs.2.4%;p = 0.003), hedonic rating (mildly illvs.moderately illvs.markedly ill: unpleasant 5.3%vs.6.3%vs.33.3%;p = 0.066).ConclusionsWomen suffering from depression exhibit a similar threshold of sensitivity to an electrical stimulus as mentally healthy women, however the hedonic rating of the stimulus acting on the skin in the group of clinically depressed women was more negative than in the mentally healthy subjects. The stimulus was described as ‘unpleasant’ for many of the mentally unhealthy women. The most negative sensations related to the electrical stimulus were experienced by women with the highest severity of mental illness according to The Clinical Global Impression - Severity Scale.
Effect of Continuous Iron Pollution on Morphology and DNA Profile of Pleurotus tuber-regium
Authors: Anyakorah Caroline Iruoma , Bashir Mohammed 
Published: May 2022

Aims: Iron, the fourth most abundant micronutrient in the soil has been classified as a metal of environmental concern, the study was to assess the effect of continuous iron pollution on growth and the molecular profile of Pleurotus tuber-regium.
Study design: Experimental research design.
Place and Duration of Study: The Bells University of Technology, between December 2019 and October 2020.
Methodology: P. tuber-regium sclerotia procured locally were seeded into 1 kg soil polluted with 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg kg-1 FeSO4 respectively. Watering was done with the respective Fe solutions for 59 days at the rate of 100ml/48hrs. The Stipe length, pileus diameter, fruitbody weight, and days for fruitbody emergence were recorded for each treatment. The concentration of iron in soil and mushroom was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). DNA extracted from the fruitbodies was subjected to Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using five RAPD primers and a cluster analysis was performed.
Results: Fruiting was achieved in all soils (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 mg kg-1) after 23±0.5, 17±1.0, 50±2.5, 58±1.0, and 59±2.0 days respectively. Iron had no significant effect on stipe length while pileus diameter and fruitbody weight increased only at 20mg kg-1. Iron concentration in the soil and mushroom increased as Fe pollution was increased. The bioaccumulation factor was higher in contaminated soil and was between 0.78 and 1.08. The RAPD primers amplified 53 band sizes ranging from 100 - 700 bp and the DNA was clustered in a major group. The percentage polymorphism was 16.9% indicating a low level of genetic variation.
Conclusion: The result indicated that continuous Fe pollution at the stated concentrations did not have any significant effect on the DNA profile of Pleurotus tuber-regium but the morphological growth of the mushroom was enhanced at low iron contamination levels.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Diagnosis of Developmental Delay in Children
Authors: Ali Walaa Essam , Eezz Ahmed Abd El-Basset Abo , Shafey Rasha Ahmed El , Teama Atef Hammad 
Published: May 2022

Background: MR spectroscopy examines molecules like hydrogen ions and protons. The technique of proton spectroscopy is more commonly used. Metabolites, or metabolic products, come in a variety of forms. The aim of this work is to evaluate the role of MR spectroscopy in diagnosis of infants and children presented with developmental delay.
Methods: This study was carried out on 30 children presented with developmental delay aged between 3 months to 12 years referred for brain MR spectroscopy for diagnosis of delay in milestones. All patients were subjected to: Full history, clinical examination, some patients need I.Q testing and MRS assessment.
Results: There was no significant difference in N-acetyl-aspartate/creatine and Cho/Cr ratios in cases ≤ 2 years between the study group and the control group. N-acetyl aspartate/creatine ratio in cases >2 years was significantly lower in the study group patients than that of control group P<0.05. Cho/Cr was significant increase in study group compared to control group (p< 0.05).
Conclusions: the proton MR spectroscopy can be used to diagnose and follow developmental delay especially in children more than two years as we found typical changes in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr.
Breast Cancer among Young Women in Douala, Cameroon: Epidemiological, Clinical, Behavioural Characteristics and Risk Factors
Authors: Lemouchele Idriss Ntatou , Mbougang Suzi Pascale , Bell Esther Dina , Ebongue Cecile Okalla , Foko Loick Pradel Kojom , Enyegue Elisée Libert Embolo , Tchuente Rachel De Grâce Tayou , Nzeko Eric Fouelifack , Ngane Annie Rosalie Ngono , Mogtomo Martin Luther Koanga 
Published: May 2022

Aims: This study aimed at determining epidemiological, clinical, behavioural and risk factors for breast cancer (BC) among young women living in Cameroon.
Study Design: Cross-sectional case-control study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study took place at the Oncology departments of two reference hospitals in Douala (Littoral Region, Cameroon), from July 2020 to July 2021.
Methodology: An ad hoc questionnaire form was used to collect data of interest. Anthropometric and bioimpedance parameters were measured. The data were keyed, coded, verified for consistency, and analysed using StatView v5.0 and GraphPad Prism v5.03. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.
Results: Of the 276 women initially approached, 176 (88 cases and 88 controls) were finally recruited. They were mainly aged 41-45 years old with higher proportion in controls (40.9% vs 45.4%, P = .0029). The proportion of women having had their menarche at advanced age was higher in cases compared to controls (40.9% vs 12.5%, P < .0001). Visceral adipose tissue (Kg) was significantly higher in cases (8.72 ± 3.04 vs 7.43 ± 2.64, P = .003). Most of the patients were diagnosed at advanced stage, especially at stage 3 (46.6%), with more than one third of them had metastasis. The risk of BC was reduced by 84% (AOR = 0.16, P = .001) in patients having had their menarche after 14 years of age, and 71% (AOR = 0.29, P = .01) in those always consuming fruits/vegetables. In contrast, BC risk was increased in women with familial history of BC (AOR = 3.19, P = .04). Early and late diagnosed BC women had similar characteristics with the exception of age, stillbirth and body mass index.
Conclusion: BC is prevalent and detected among young women at advanced stage, with protective role of fruits/vegetables consumption and late age of menarche.
Single‐center real‐life experience with testosterone treatment in adult men with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Nolan Brendan J. , Proietto Joseph , Sumithran Priya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHypogonadism is the most frequent hormonal deficiency in individuals with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS). This often necessitates testosterone treatment, but limited data are available to guide testosterone treatment in adult men with PWS. We aimed to evaluate the serum testosterone concentrations and adverse effects of testosterone treatment in individuals with PWS attending a specialist obesity management service. A retrospective audit was undertaken at Austin Health, Melbourne between January 2010 and April 2021. Main outcome measures were testosterone formulation and dose, serum total testosterone concentration, and prevalence of polycythemia and behavioral disturbance. Data were available for eight individuals with median baseline age 19 years (range, 19–42) and BMI 37 kg/m2 (range, 27–71). Six men had obstructive sleep apnea; none were smokers. Baseline testosterone concentration was 1.8 nmol/L (IQR, 1.1–3.3) with hematocrit 0.43. Testosterone formulations were intramuscular testosterone undecanoate (TU) 1000 mg (n = 5), transdermal testosterone gel 50 mg daily (n = 1), and oral TU 80–120 mg daily (n = 2). Median total testosterone concentration was 9.7 nmol/L (IQR, 8.5–14.7). Nine of 25 (36%) hematocrit results in six patients measured >0.50 (range, 0.50–0.56). Intramuscular TU was well tolerated and was the only formulation to achieve serum total testosterone concentrations in the adult male reference range. Worsening behavioral disturbance resulted in treatment discontinuation in one individual. Our experience reinforces the need to regular monitoring of hematocrit in men with PWS treated with testosterone. However, a worsening of behavior problems was uncommon in this series.
Calcium Carbide as a Surrogate of Acetylene: Copper‐Catalyzed Construction of 3‐Methylene‐2‐arylisoindolin‐1‐ones
Authors: Liu Haiyan , You Xinjie , Wen Fei , Zhang Zeshuai , Li Zheng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAn efficient method for the synthesis of 3‐methylene‐2‐arylisoindolin‐1‐ones through Sonogashira cross‐coupling/nucleophilic addition tandem reactions using calcium carbide as an alkyne source, 2‐bromo‐N‐arylbenzamides as starting materials and copper as a catalyst is described. The significant advantages of this strategy include the use of cheap and easy‐to‐handle solid alkyne source as a surrogate of inflammable and explosive gaseous acetylene, inexpensive catalyst, wide scope of substrates, simple manipulations, and simple work‐up procedures.
Epidemiology of bloodstream infections and surface swab cultures in burn patients
Authors: Kaita Yasuhiko , Otsu Akiyasu , Tanaka Yuya , Yoshikawa Kei , Matsuda Takeaki , Yamaguchi Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2022

AimFor infection control in burn patients, it is essential to understand the epidemiology of bloodstream infection (BSI) and the local microbiological situation. There are few studies on blood and swab culture results among burn patients in Japan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of BSI and swab cultures in burn patients.MethodsData from 355 burn patients over 13 years from 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Bloodstream infection was defined as the isolation of bacteria or fungi from two or more blood cultures. The characteristics of burn patients and microorganisms detected from various cultures were analyzed.ResultsThe mortality rate among burn patients with BSI was 37.8%, which was more than twice that among burn patients without BSI. The univariate analysis showed that inhalation injury, total burn surface area (TBSA), and mortality were associated with BSI. The multivariate logistic analysis indicated that TBSA was an independent risk factor for BSI. The most frequently isolated organism from blood and swab cultures were Candida species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Seventy‐five percent of the microorganisms isolated from blood were detected previously in swab cultures performed within 1 week from blood cultures.ConclusionsThe prognosis of burn patients with BSI was poor, and TBSA was an independent risk factor for BSI. The predominant organisms isolated from blood and swab cultures were Candida species and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Surveillance wound swab cultures could be utilized for monitoring the local microbiological situation in burn patients.
Anion‐Reinforced Solvation for a Gradient Inorganic‐Rich Interphase Enables High‐Rate and Stable Sodium Batteries
Authors: Zhou Xunzhu , Zhang Qiu , Zhu Zhuo , Cai Yichao , Li Haixia , Li Fujun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMetallic Na is a promising anode for rechargeable batteries, however, it is plagued by an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and Na dendrites. Herein, a robust anion‐derived SEI is constructed on Na anode in a high‐concentration 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) based electrolyte with a cosolvent hydrofluoroether, which effectively restrains Na dendrite growth. The hydrofluoroether can tune the solvation configuration of the electrolyte from three‐dimensional network aggregates to solvent–cation–anion clusters, enabling more anions to enter and reinforce the inner solvation sheath and their stepwise decomposition. The gradient inorganic‐rich SEI leads to a reduced energy barrier of Na+ migration and enhanced interfacial kinetics. These render the Na||Na3V2(PO4)3 battery with an excellent rate capability of 79.9 mAh g−1 at 24 C and a high capacity retention of 94.2 % after 6000 cycles at 2 C. This highlights the modulation of the electrode–electrolyte interphase chemistry for advanced batteries.
High‐Voltage Organic Cathodes for Zinc‐Ion Batteries through Electron Cloud and Solvation Structure Regulation
Authors: Cui Huilin , Wang Tairan , Huang Zhaodong , Liang Guojin , Chen Ze , Chen Ao , Wang Donghong , Yang Qi , Hong Hu , Fan Jun , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRedox‐active organic materials, as a new generation of sustainable resources, are receiving increasing attention in zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) due to their resource abundance and tunable structure. However, organic molecules with high potential are rare, and the voltage of most reported organic cathode‐based ZIBs is less than 1.2 V. Herein, we explored the redox process of p‐type organics and figured out the relationship between energy change and voltage output during the process. Then, we proposed a dual‐step strategy to effectively tune the energy change and eventually improve the output voltage of the organic electrode. Combining the regulation of the electron cloud of organic molecules and the manipulation of the solvation structure, the output voltage of an organosulfur compound based ZIB was greatly increased from 0.8 V to 1.7 V. Our results put forward a specific pathway to improve the working voltage and lay the foundation for the practical application of organic electrodes.
Thermally expandable microspheres with high expansion ratios: Design of core and shell for largest size change
Authors: Gomez Jasmine C. , Vishnosky Nicholas S. , Grafstein Jeremy T. , Kim Spencer T. , Steinhardt Rachel C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThermally expandable microspheres (TEMs) are liquid‐core, polymer‐shelled particles that are useful in both current industry and future manufacturing and basic research applications. Here, we systematically optimize TEMs for highest expansion ratio using a broad‐spectrum infrared head source. Microspheres are synthesized from a copolymer of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), methyl methacrylate, and acrylonitrile as the shell, which is optimized for greatest expansion ratio. This represents the first time that HEMA is used in TEMs. The liquid blowing agent core is next optimized, followed by the prepolymerization emulsion time. It is found that particle morphology is greatly variable and influenced by kinetic and thermodynamic factors, with various phase‐separated and aniosotropic morphologies accessed.
Anti‐inflammatory activity of pyridazinones: A review
Authors: Hassan Marwa S. A. , Ahmed Eman M. , El‐Malah Afaf A. , Kassab Asmaa E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe pyridazinone core has emerged as a leading structure for fighting inflammation, with low ulcerogenic effects. Moreover, easy functionalization of various ring positions of the pyridazinone core structure makes it an attractive synthetic and therapeutic target for the design and synthesis of anti‐inflammatory agents. The present review surveys the recent advances of pyridazinone derivatives as potential anti‐inflammatory agents to provide insights into the rational design of more effective anti‐inflammatory pyridazinones.