bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexually transmitted infections among participants in an HIV PrEP adherence trial
Authors: Bristow Claire C , Hassan Adiba , Moore David J , Dubé Michael P , Corado Katya , Chow Karen , Ellorin Eric , Blumenthal Jill , Morris Sheldon R ,   The CCTG Team
Published: March 2022

Background HIV PrEP effectiveness is highly dependent on adherence. High STI incidence has been reported among PrEP users. We assessed the relationship between STI incidence (CT, NG, and syphilis) and PrEP adherence. Methods We performed a subanalysis of a controlled, open-label, two-arm, randomized clinical demonstration project of a text-message based adherence intervention. Participants had 48 weeks of follow-up and had STI testing every 12 or 24 weeks. PrEP adherence was measured at week 48 using intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate drug concentrations. We calculated incidence rate ratios for STIs among those adherent as compared with those not adherent to PrEP. Results Of the 381 assessed for CT, NG and syphilis at one or more follow-up visits, there were 16 cases of syphilis or 5.0 per 100 person years (95% CI: 2.6, 7.5); 63 cases of NG or 26.3 per 100 person years (95% CI: 19.8, 32.8); and 81 cases of CT or 36.3 per 100 person years (95% CI: 28.4, 44.2). We found no association between adequate PrEP adherence and STI incidence (aIRR: 0.97 95% CI: 0.67, 1.40). Conclusions We found that the incidence of STIs was not significantly different between those adherent to PrEP and those non-adherent. Further research is needed to assess how PrEP use may impact STIs over time.
A Qualitative Analysis of the Impact of Electronic Health Records (EHR) on Healthcare Quality and Safety: Clinicians’ Lived Experiences
Authors: Upadhyay Soumya , Hu Han-fen 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: There have been mixed findings of clinicians’ perceptions of Electronic Health Record (EHR). This study aims to explore the lived experiences of clinicians, to assess the role of EHR in improving the quality and safety of healthcare. Basic Procedures: A qualitative study design was used. We collected the opinions from different groups of clinicians (physicians, hospitalists, nurse practitioners, nurses, and patient safety officers) using semi-structured interviews. Organizations represented were trauma hospitals, academic medical centers, medical clinics, home health centers, and small hospitals. Main findings: Our study found clinicians’ ambivalent assessments toward EHR, which confirms extant literature. We compared the responses by job roles and found that nurses were positive about improving efficiency with EHR while others regarded EHR as time-consuming. While many underscored the importance of EHR in avoiding medical errors by improving data accessibility, nurses had concerns regarding data accuracy. Interoperability appeared to be a concern given limited system integration. Principal conclusions: Lived experiences of clinicians further tease out the mixed views about the effectiveness of EHR and highlight the challenges in EHR implementation. Redesigning the EHR and improving its implementation process may be potential solutions to increase its effectiveness.
Pathways to cures for multiple sclerosis: A research roadmap
Authors: Bebo Bruce F , Allegretta Mark , Landsman Douglas , Zackowski Kathy M , Brabazon Fiona , Kostich Walter A , Coetzee Timothy , Ng Alexander Victor , Marrie Ruth Ann , Monk Kelly R , Bar-Or Amit , Whitacre Caroline C 
Published: March 2022

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a growing global health challenge affecting nearly 3 million people. Progress has been made in the understanding and treatment of MS over the last several decades, but cures remain elusive. The National MS Society is focused on achieving cures for MS. Objectives: Cures for MS will be hastened by having a roadmap that describes knowledge gaps, milestones, and research priorities. In this report, we share the Pathways to Cures Research Roadmap and recommendations for strategies to accelerate the development of MS cures. Methods: The Roadmap was developed through engagement of scientific thought leaders and people affected by MS from North America and the United Kingdom. It also included the perspectives of over 300 people living with MS and was endorsed by many leading MS organizations. Results: The Roadmap consist of three distinct but overlapping cure pathways: (1) stopping the MS disease process, (2) restoring lost function by reversing damage and symptoms, and (3) ending MS through prevention. Better alignment and focus of global resources on high priority research questions are also recommended. Conclusions: We hope the Roadmap will inspire greater collaboration and alignment of global resources that accelerate scientific breakthroughs leading to cures for MS.
Increased prevalence and severity of psychiatric illness in hospitalized youth during COVID-19
Authors: Leith Thomas , Brieger Katharine , Malas Nasuh , McCaffery Harlan , Monroe Kimberly , Kullgren Kristin A , Rappaport Leah 
Published: March 2022

Background and objectives Previous studies have demonstrated an increase in mental health emergencies among youth seen in ambulatory and emergency room settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates rates of mental health-related consultation and markers of illness severity since the start of the pandemic. Methods We evaluated all pediatric patients admitted to a single children’s hospital from March 2019 to March 2021 who received psychiatry and/or psychology consults. We report the absolute number of these patients, as well as the proportion of all study site admissions who received such consults. Severity of psychiatric illness was described in terms of LOS, disposition, and use of restraints and psychotropic medications. Results The number and proportion of pediatric patients receiving psychiatry and/or psychology consults rose during the pandemic. Participants also became proportionally more female and older. The study population had higher odds of requiring restraints and antipsychotics during the pandemic. Conclusions More pediatric inpatients at the study site have required psychiatric care during the pandemic. The severity of mental illness in this population appears to have worsened based on increased utilization of as-needed psychotropic medications and restraints. These findings highlight the changes experienced by patients and providers during the pandemic and merit further study.
Reporting Peripheral Artery Disease in Claudicants: Lessons Learned From the TASC-Ability Study
Authors: Gahide Gérald , Banine Amine , Cossette Mathilde , Budimir Martina , Chen Lois , Lefebvre Jordan , Phaneuf Samuel C. , Haddad Iskandar , Vendrell Jean-Francois , Beland Mathieu , Despatis Marc-Antoine , Maghsoudloo Kourosh 
Published: March 2022

Background: The Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus Document (TASC II) aims to comprehensively describe the case scenarios of aortoiliac and femoropopliteal lesions to suggest an endovascular or a surgical approach. Over time, it has become a guide for describing the gravity of arterial lesions. Purpose: To assess the revised TASC II system for classifying arterial lesions in a large database of patients presenting with claudication. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective review of the arteriograms of patients with intermittent claudication. Aortoiliac and femoropopliteal lesions were classified according to the TASC II. When no consensus was reached, the lesion was rated as unTASCable. Results: In total, 1454 patients were included (male: 62.1%, 66.8±9.3 years). There were 39% aortoiliac lesions (n=960/2462) and 61% femoropopliteal lesions (n=1502/2462); 33.6% of the patients (n=489/1454) were associated with aortoiliac and femoropopliteal lesions. In addition, 20% of the lesions (n=493/2462) were unTASCable, and 26.7% of the patients (n=388/1454) had at least 1 unTASCable lesion. There were 4 categories of unTASCable lesions: (1) association with a common femoral artery lesion in 53.1% (n=262/493); (2) iliac artery lesions in 23.1% (n=114/493); (3) femoropopliteal lesions whose lengths did not fit into any category in 16.6% (n=82/493); and (4) association with an aortic lesion in 7.1% (n=35/493). The interobserver agreement was 0.97 for anatomically describing the infrarenal arterial tree and 0.85 for TASCing, with the lesions lowering to 0.69 for aortoiliac lesions. Conclusion: Using the revised TASC II case scenario, 26.7% of the patients had at least 1 unTASCable lesion. Reporting peripheral artery disease using a comprehensive anatomical description of the infrarenal arterial tree showed better interobserver reproducibility.
Thermophysiological properties of bovine leather in dependence on the sampling point, tanning and finishing agents
Authors: Kopitar Dragana , Bosnjak Franka Zuvela , Akalovic Jadranka , Skenderi Zenun 
Published: March 2022

The influence of differently tanned and finished bovine leather on thermophysiological properties was investigated. In addition, it was investigated whether sampling has a significant influence on the thermophysiological properties. The back of the tested leathers is thicker than the neck because of better microstructure regularity and uniformity as well as thicker and denser distributed fibrils than in the neck parts. The neck parts have a greater proportion of air-filled spaces between the fibrils, resulting in a higher thermal resistance of the leather neck parts. Considering the thickness of synthetic and chrome-tanned leathers (dyed and hydrophobized), the thinner chrome-tanned leathers (0.063 W m−1 °C−1 for the neck part, 0.090 W m−1 °C−1 for the back part part) have almost the same thermal conductivity as synthetic ones (0.065 W m−1 °C−1 for the neck part, 0.089 W m−1 °C−1 for the back part). Their thermal and water vapour resistance show considerable differences. There is no significant difference in water vapour resistance of the neck and back part of chrome tanned, dyed and hydrophobized leather (25.27 m2 Pa W−1 for the neck part; 25.15 m2 Pa W−1 for the back part) in contrast to equally treated synthetically tanned leather (30.38 m2 Pa W−1 for the neck part; 26.96 m2 Pa W−1 for the back part).The presented study could help in choosing the appropriate point of sampling, tanning as well as finishing agents for obtaining satisfying thermophysiological comfort in the wide range of leather application.
Elevated Body Mass Index Negatively Impacts Recovery of Shoulder Abduction Strength in Triceps Motor Branch to Axillary Nerve Transfers
Authors: Karir Aneesh , Head Linden K. , Médor Maria C. , Wolff Gerald , Boyd Kirsty U. 
Published: March 2022

Background: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of triceps motor branch to axillary nerve transfers and to identify prognostic factors which may influence these outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort included all patients who underwent a triceps motor branch to axillary nerve transfer (2010-2019) with at least 12 months of follow-up. The primary outcome measure was shoulder abduction strength assessed with British Medical Research Council (MRC) grade. Results: Ten patients were included with a mean follow-up of 19.1 (SD 5.9) months. Compared with preoperative MRC shoulder abduction strength (0.2 SD 0.4), patients significantly improved postoperatively (2.8 SD 1.6; P = .005). Increased body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with worse postoperative MRC ( P = .014). Conclusion: Triceps motor branch to axillary nerve transfer is a beneficial procedure for restoring shoulder function in patients presenting with either isolated axillary nerve or brachial plexus pathology. Patients with elevated BMI may not have as robust strength recovery and should be counseled carefully regarding prognosis.
Radiotherapy Combined With Concurrent Nedaplatin-Based Chemotherapy for Stage II–III Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Huiping , Lu Xiaoling , Jiang Jian , Lu Jingfeng , Sun Xinchen , Zuo Yun 
Published: March 2022

Objective This study was conducted to explore the appropriate radical radiation dose in concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for patients with inoperable stage II–III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods This retrospective study included patients with esophageal cancer (EC) from the database of patients treated at the Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University (1/2015–12/2019). Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective remission rate (ORR), first failure pattern, and toxicities were collected. Results 112 patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) combined with concurrent chemotherapy of nedaplatin-based regimens were included. Fifty-eight (51.8%) and 54 (48.2%) patients received 60 (HD) and 50.4 (LD) Gy of radiotherapy, respectively. The HD group showed superior OS and a trend for longer PFS compared with the LD group (median OS: 25.5 vs 17.5 months, P = .021; median PFS: 14.0 vs 10.5 months, P = .076). There were more patients with a complete remission (CR) in the HD group than in the LD group (P=.016). The treatment-related toxicities were generally acceptable, but HD radiotherapy would increase the incidence of grade ≥3 late radiotoxicity (22.4% vs 5.6%, P = .011). Conclusion In nedaplatin-based CCRT for stage II–III ESCC, the radiotherapy dose of 60 Gy achieved a better prognosis. Strengths and limitations of this study A comparative study of 50.4 Gy and 60 Gy was conducted to evaluate whether 50.4 Gy can be used as a radical radiotherapy dose for inoperable stage II–III esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from a real-world perspective. The highly consistent selection criteria in our study make analysis results highly reliable and scientific. The existing research results support that nedaplatin can be used in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and this study focuses on the discovery of a better nedaplatin-based combination regimen. The findings of this study are limited to a single-center study with a non-large sample size. Inevitably, recall bias may exist in this retrospective study. Surgery was not involved in the follow-up treatment after concurrent chemoradiotherapy, which may worsen the prognosis of some patients.
Effectiveness of mindfulness parent training on parenting stress and children’s ADHD-related behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Clara S.C. , Ng Ka-hin , Chan Phyllis C.K. , Peng Xianwei 
Published: March 2022

Background/Objective Literature shows that there is a circular relationship between children’s ADHD-related behaviors and parenting stress. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to understand if mindfulness parent trainings have benefits for both parenting stress and the problem behaviors in children with ADHD. Methods Five databases, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMED, and Web of Science, were searched. Within-group effects at post-treatment and follow-up assessment, and between-group effects at post-treatment were analyzed. Effect sizes (Hedges’ g) were also calculated. Results Ten studies (5 RCTs and 5 non-RCTs) met the selection criteria and were selected for systematic review, and nine of them were included for meta-analysis. Among these 10 studies, five studies involved mindfulness training for both parents and children, while the other five studies involved mindfulness training for parents only. Within-group effects at post-treatment were small-to-large for all outcomes. Hedges’ g ranged between −0.17 [95% CI (−0.98, 0.64)] and 4.70 [95% CI (3.59, 5.81)] for parenting stress; 0.17 [95% CI (−0.03, 0.37)] and 4.03 [95% CI (2.97, 5.09)] for children’s problem behaviors; and 0.20 [95% CI (−0.10, 0.50)] and 2.98 [95% CI (2.16, 3.80)] for children’s ADHD symptoms. Between-group comparisons showed mindfulness parent training was superior to other active controls on all outcomes. Conclusion Findings suggest that mindfulness parent training may be beneficial for parenting stress and children’s ADHD-related behaviors, and due to the small number of studies reviewed, cautions should be taken when interpreting the results.
Direct arteriovenous fistula due to a blister-like aneurysm of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery hijacking its adjacent vein
Authors: Guo Yunbao , Yu Jinlu 
Published: March 2022

Background This is the first report of a direct acquired arteriovenous fistula (AVF) between an intracranial aneurysm and its adjacent pial vein. Case description A 33-year-old male suffered subarachnoid hemorrhage. Computed tomography angiography revealed an aneurysm of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed that the aneurysm of the supraclinoid ICA was blister-like and that one large vessel crossing the aneurysm provided two draining paths into the bilateral cavernous sinuses and superior sagittal sinus. Microsurgery confirmed the presence of a blister-like aneurysm and proved the vessel crossing and connected to the aneurysm to be a pial vein, resulting in a direct AVF between the aneurysm and its adjacent vein. The blister-like aneurysm together with some of the ICA wall was clipped to reconstruct the ICA and preserve the anterior choroidal artery (AchA). Postoperative DSA showed the following: the blister-like aneurysm had been completely clipped; the ICA was narrow, but the blood flow was sufficient; and the AchA was intact. After discharge, the patient recovered uneventfully without neurological deficits. Conclusions Exceptionally, an intracranial ruptured aneurysm can hijack its adjacent pial vein as its draining path, forming a direct AVF. Microsurgery can be used to confirm the angioarchitecture of the AVF, and clipping is a good treatment choice.
A Meta-Analysis of Probiotics for the Treatment of Allergic Airway Diseases in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Chen Na , Liu Fang , Gao Qiang , Wang Rui , Zhang Lei , Li Youwei 
Published: March 2022

Background Allergic airway disease is a chronic airway allergic inflammatory disease including allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma which is common in children and adolescents. Recently the probiotics has been becoming a supplementary or alternative therapy to allergic diseases, however the effect of them has not been clearly established. Objective The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics on allergic airway disease including AR and allergic asthma in children and adolescents. Methods We performed a comprehensive search on PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE for relevant publications from 1 Jan 2000 to 1 July 2021. Physical examinations, Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaires (PRQLQs), Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS), Nasal or Eye Symptom Score (NSS or ESS), serum allergen-specific IgE, and eosinophil were used as evaluating indicators for AR and allergic asthma in children and adolescents. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan, Version 5.3). Results 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of 1388 participants were included for the meta-analysis. Among them, 729 patients treated with probiotics served as the probiotics group, and 659 patients with placebo as control group. Significantly greater reduction in PRQLQs from baseline to endpoint (SMD = −2.57, 95% CI [ − 4.66, −0.48] P < 0.01), NSS (SMD = −1.43, 95% CI [ − 1.63, − 1.23], P < 0.01) and ESS (total MD = −1.67, 95% CI [ − 1.79, − 1.55], P < 0.01) were observed in probiotics group compared to control group. Probiotics have no significant effect to serum IgE and eosinophils (P > 0.01). Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis indicated that probiotics treatment may reduce PRQLQs, NSS, ESS in patients with allergic airway disease. More research involving the mechanism of probiotics are needed to clarify the role of probiotics in AR and allergic asthma in children and adolescents.
Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide as a Marker of Mucosal Inflammation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Olonisakin Tolani F. , Moore John A. , Barel Stephanie , Uribe Bliss , Parker Dana M. , Bowers Eve M. R. , Nouraie Seyed M. , Wenzel Sally E. , Lee Stella E. 
Published: March 2022

Background Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a cost-effective, noninvasive point-of-care test that has proven valuable in identifying patients with lower airway inflammation and predicting the likelihood of responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroid therapy in asthma. The utility of FeNO in upper airway disease, specifically in CRS, remains to be determined. Objective The goal of this study was to test whether FeNO could serve as a noninvasive marker of sinonasal mucosal inflammation in CRS patients. Methods FeNO was obtained using a nitric oxide analyzer (NIOX VERO) as well as nasal mucus, the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), and Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores concurrently in 112 CRS patients. Nasal mucus was analyzed for cytokine expression using solid-phase sandwich ELISA. Linear regression with Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine strength of relationship between variables. Results CRS patients showed elevated FeNO levels with asthma (47.12 ± 5.21 ppb) or without asthma (43.24 ± 9.810 ppb). Elevated FeNO levels correlated with sinonasal mucosal inflammation, as determined by increased levels of CCL26 and TNFα in nasal mucus obtained from CRS patients. Furthermore, elevated FeNO levels selectively correlated with worsened SNOT-22 nasal symptoms (P = 0.03) and Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores (P = 0.007), but did not correlate with UPSIT scores. Conclusions FeNO levels correlated with increased sinonasal mucosal inflammation and symptom severity in CRS regardless of asthma status. FeNO measurements may serve as a quick and noninvasive marker in evaluating CRS patients.
A new path to address health disparities: How older Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander women use social media to enhance community health (Protocol)
Authors: Henson Connie , Rambaldini Boe , Carlson Bronwyn , Wadolowski Monika , Vale Carol , Gwynne Kylie 
Published: March 2022

Background Digital health offers a fresh avenue to address health disparities experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Despite the scant evidence about how Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders access and use health technology, the Australian government has prioritised research that uses technology to enable people to manage their health and promote better health outcomes. Older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women are cultural leaders in their communities, enabling them to provide valuable insights about the safety and efficacy of health care messaging. However, no research has engaged older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, women as partners in digital health research. Objective This paper provides a protocol for co-designed translational research that privileges older Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander women’s cultural expertise to design and test a framework for accessible, culturally safe and feasible digital health technologies. Methods This mixed-methods research project will use the collective impact approach, a user-centred, co-design methodology and yarning circles, a recognised Indigenous research methodology. A series of yarning circles with three different communities will elucidate enablers and barriers to access health information; co-create a framework clarifying what works and does not work for digital health promotion in their communities; and test the framework by co-creating three digital health information programs. Conclusions Privileging the cultural expertise of older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women will provide a novel perspective and vital guidance that end users and developers can trust and rely upon to create and evaluate culturally safe and efficacious digital health promotion programs.