bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase, Catecholase, Peroxidase, and Total Phenolic Content with Brown-end Discoloration of Snap Bean Pods1
Authors: Buescher R. W. , Reitmeier Cheryll , Sistrunk W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Brown-end discoloration (BED) of broken snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) occurs whenever pods are held for several hours before processing. Increases in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), catecholase, and peroxidase activities as well as total phenolic content coincided with the development of BED. The intensity of BED and catecholase activity declined with increasing incubation temperatures (40 to 70°C). Perosidase activity did not decline until after 60° and PAL activity was stable through 70°. We therefore believe that catecholase oxidation of phenolic substances are directly associated with BED of snap beans.
Peach Seedling Weed Control as Part of a Prunus Stem Pitting Control System1
Authors: Hewetson Frank N. , Greene George M. , Craig Richard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In order to reduce the cost of fumigation and weed control in seedling nurseries of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.), a number of herbicides, used with and without Nemagon as a nematicide, were evaluated. While necessary for soil fumigation, the presence or absence of Nemagon did not effect weed control or seedling performance. The best and most economical herbicides were the spring application of simazine at 4.5 kg ai/ha or the fall application of diuron at 3.4 kg ai/ha.
Rootstock Influence on 2,4-D Damage to ‘Bartlett’ and ‘d’Anjou Pear Trees1
Authors: Larsen Fenton E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) application in September, 1972, to a grass cover crop and most of a weed free 1.2 m wide strip under the tree row followed by sprinkler irrigation within 24 hours injured 8 year-old pear trees. Fall leaf abscission was inhibited and foliage development was abnormal the following spring. ‘Bartlett’/imported French seedling had no apparent damage while ‘Bartlett/Pyrus calleryana Decne., ‘East Mailing Quince A’ and ‘Provence’ quince was seriously damaged. ‘d’Anjou’/imported French seedling was damaged the least of the 9 combinations and was most seriously damaged on the same 3 rootstocks as ‘Bartlett’. Fruit yields were correlated with damage ratings.
Effect of a Calcium Chloride Dip on Senescent Breakdown, Firmness and Calcium Concentration in ‘Spartan’ Apple1
Authors: Mason J. L. , Drought B. G. , McDougald J. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Spartan’ apples from 29 orchards were dipped in 4% calcium chloride Solution at harvest Senescent breakdown was reduced from an average of 8.3% in the undipped fruit to 2.7% in the dipped fruit Firmness was increased by 0.38 kg (0.84 lb.) and Ca concentration in the fruit flesh by 76 ppm by the dip.
Influence of Chlormequat, SADH and a Cytokinin on Fruit Set in the Seeded ‘Cardinal’ Grape1
Authors: Nelson J. M. , Sharples G. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
(2-chlorethyl)trimethylammonium Chloride (chlormequat) sprayed on tipped Clusters of girdled ‘Cardinal’ grape (Vitis vinifera L.) at 250 to 1000 ppm during bloom increased the number of seeded berries per Cluster but reduced berry weight Heavy Cluster thinning increased berry weight on chlormequat treated Clusters. Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) did not increase seeded berry set or affect any of the other fruit characteristics measured at the concentrations tested. The synthetic cytokinin, 6-(benzylamino)-9-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-9H purine (PBA), resulted in a marked increase in seeded berries at 300 ppm, but the number of shot-berries was also increased.
Seedless Fruit in ‘Fuerte’ and ‘Ettinger’ Avocado1
Authors: Tomer E. , Gazit S. , Eisenstein Dahlia 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seedless fruitlets of ‘Fuerte’ and ‘Ettinger’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) (5 to 20 mm length) exhibited a typical degeneration pattern of the ovule which began at the chalaza and spread toward the micropylar region but stopped when about half of the integument was still intact. Embryo or endosperm or both were found in many seedless fruitlets. Degeneration was found to start at different stages of fruitlet development, from a proembryo to an embryo starting to develop cotyledons. Typical seedless fruit in ‘Fuerte’ and ‘Ettinger’ avocado appears to be the outcome of seed degeneration (stenospermocarpy) and not parthenocarpy.
Propagation of Thornless Blackberries by One-node Cuttings1
Authors: Zimmerman R. H. , Galletta G. J. , Broome O. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thornless blackberries (Rubus sp.) were propagated throughout the year by rooting leafy 1-node cuttings. Differences in ease of rooting among cultivars were evident with ‘Smoothstem’ generally being the most difficult and ‘Black Satin’, SI-US 68-6-6, and SI-US 68-6-17 being the easiest to root. Treatment with 0.3% indolebutyric acid in talc sometimes improved rooting slightly. Although more and longer roots developed when sand was the rooting medium, roots were brittle and broke off easily when the cuttings were handled. Cuttings rooted nearly as well in 1 peat: 1 perlite mix, had a more fibrous root system, and were easier to handle in transplanting. Rooting was as successful under a plastic tent as under intermittent mist. Node location along the cane did not influence rooting of the cuttings as long as the succulent tissue at the stem tip was not used.
Various Aspects of Fasting on the Biodistribution of Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Ahmadpour Sajjad , Habibi Mohammad Amin , Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
It is demonstrated that fasting can alter the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine.
Various studies have highlighted that fasting is interpreted to be easy for physicians during PET study, fasting is one
of the most important factors determining the usefulness of this protocol. It is well documented that fasting can suppress
normal 18F-FDG PET uptake during nuclear cardiology. However, there is no consensus about the usefulness of
fasting on radiopharmaceuticals, especially on 18F-FDG in PET imaging, but special attention should be paid to the
setting of the fasting duration. Nevertheless, it does seem we still need extensive clinical studies in the future. The
present study aims to review the various aspects of fasting, especially metabolic alteration on radiopharmaceutical
biodistribution. In this study, we focused more on the effect of fasting on 18F-FDG biodistribution, which alters its
imaging contrast in cardiology and cancer imaging. Therefore, shifting substrate metabolism from glucose to free
fatty acids during fasting can be an alternative approach to suppress physiological myocardial uptake.
A Critical Review on Phytosomes: Advancement and Research on Emerging
Nanotechnological Tools
Authors: Dodle Trishala , Mohanty Dibyalochan , Tripathy Bichitrananda , Panigrahy Asit Baran , Sirikonda Swapna , Kumar LadiAlik , Kumar Chembeti Praveen , Gobinath Manavalan , Patro Chandra Sekhar , Bakshi Vasudha , Maharana Padmanava 
Published: September 2022

Abstract:
The limiting restrictions for any chemical to pass through cellular membranes and be absorbed systematically after oral or topical administration are the molecular size and lipid solubility. Herbal materials are used to make Phytosomes, a new drug delivery method that is easy to make and has a high absorption profile. The pharmacological profile of the drug is also excellent. Due to low lipid solubility and insufficient molecular size, many plant extracts are unable to attain the needed therapeutic value. To penetrate lipid membranes and shield them from germs and digestive enzymes, phytosomes are made utilising phospholipids predominantly phosphatidylcholine, which has improved bioavailability. A comprehensive literature search of PUBMED, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS and MEDLINE databases yielded the following results: the production procedure, commercial formulations, and medicinal uses are all documented. Phytosomal preparation and drug release behaviour, as well as their applications, are discussed in this review. We've included new information on phytosomal research advancements. The phyto-phospholipid complexes also came up for discussion. To administer powerful and/or unstable medications, the phytosomal drug delivery method may be extremely successful due to the enhanced bioavailability and ease of absorption. According to the findings of this study, the researchers are encouraged to transmit their expertise from labs to the marketplace to further improve these items.
Thyroidectomy and PTU-Induced Hypothyroidism: Effect of L-Thyroxine
on Suppression of Spatial and Non-Spatial Memory Related Signaling
Molecules
Authors: Alzoubi Karem , Alkadhi Karim 
Published: September 2022

Background:
The calcium/calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII) signaling cascade
is crucial for hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Hypothyroidism impairs hippocampus-
dependent learning and memory in adult rats, which can be prevented by simple replacement
therapy with L-thyroxine (thyroxine, T4) treatment. In this study, we compared animal models of
hypothyroidism induced by thyroidectomy and treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU) in terms of
synaptic plasticity and the effect on underlying molecular mechanisms of spatial and non-spatial
types of memory.

Methods:
Hypothyroidism was induced using thyroidectomy or treatment with propylthiouracil
(PTU). L-thyroxin was used as replacement therapy. Synaptic plasticity was evaluated using in
vivo electrophysiological recording. Training in the radial arm water maze (RAWM), where rats
had to locate a hidden platform, generated spatial and non-spatial learning and memory. Western
blotting measured signaling molecules in the hippocampal area CA1 area.

Results:
Our findings show that thyroidectomy and PTU models are equally effective, as indicated
by the identical plasma levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and T4. The two models
produced an identical degree of inhibition of synaptic plasticity as indicated by depression of
long-term potentiation (LTP). For non-spatial memory, rats were trained to swim to a visible
platform in an open swim field. Analysis of hippocampal area CA1 revealed that training, on
both mazes, of control and thyroxine-treated hypothyroid rats, produced significant increases in
the P-calcium calmodulin kinase II (P-CaMKII), protein kinase-C (PKC), calcineurin and calmodulin
protein levels, but the training failed to induce such increases in untreated thyroidectomized
rats.

Conclusion:
Thyroxine therapy prevented the deleterious effects of hypothyroidism at the molecular
level.
Smartphone Apps for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies: Systematic Review and Evaluation of Content
Authors: Báez Gutiérrez Nerea , Rodríguez Ramallo Héctor , Fernández González Marcos , Abdel-Kader Martín Laila 
Published: September 2022

Background
Hematological malignancies (HMs) are a heterogeneous group of cancers representing a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The chronification of HMs and the increasing use of smartphones may lead patients to seek their current unmet needs through mobile health apps.

Objective
The goal of this review was to identify and assess the quality of smartphone apps aimed at patients diagnosed with HMs.

Methods
A systematic search of apps that were aimed at patients diagnosed with HMs, accessed from a Spain IP address, and were available on the iOS (App Store) and Android (Google Play) platforms was conducted in November 2021. The search terms used were “hematology,” “blood cancer,” “leukemia,” “lymphoma,” and “myeloma” apps in English, Spanish, or both languages. The identified apps were downloaded and analyzed independently by 2 reviewers. Information about general app characteristics was collected. The Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) was used to assess quality. The resulting parameter of the analyses, the mean score of the apps, was compared by Student t test.

Results
Overall, 18 apps were identified; 7 were available on Android, 5 were available on iOS, and 6 were available on both platforms. All included apps were free; 3 were published in 2021, and among the apps published before 2021, only 6 were updated in 2021. Most (16/18, 89%) of the apps were aimed at patients with leukemia or lymphoma (16). The primary purposes of the apps were to provide general information about the condition (16/18, 89%) and monitor symptoms and clinical parameters (11/18, 61%). Health care professionals contributed to the development of 50% (9/18) of apps; 6 were owned and supported by scientific societies, and 3 were developed with the participation of health care professionals. The mean MARS score for the overall quality of the apps was 3.1 (SD 1.0). The engagement and aesthetics subscales were the lowest rated subscales, with only 44% (8/18) and 67% (12/18), respectively, of the apps obtaining acceptable scores. None of the included apps proved clinical efficacy through clinical trials in patients with HMs. Statistically significant differences were found in the MARS scores between operating systems (+1.0, P=.003) in favor of iOS apps. The participation of health care professionals in the development of the apps did not have a statistically significant impact on the MARS scores.

Conclusions
This systematic search and evaluation identified few acceptable quality mobile apps for patients with HMs. Current and future apps for patients with HMs should provide evidence-based valuable information, improve user engagement, incorporate functions according to patient preferences, and generate evidence regarding the efficacy of app use by patients with HMs.
Sexually Transmitted Disease–Related Reddit Posts During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Latent Dirichlet Allocation Analysis
Authors: Johnson Amy K , Bhaumik Runa , Nandi Debarghya , Roy Abhishikta , Mehta Supriya D 
Published: September 2022

Background
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are common and costly, impacting approximately 1 in 5 people annually. Reddit, the sixth most used internet site in the world, is a user-generated social media discussion platform that may be useful in monitoring discussion about STD symptoms and exposure.

Objective
This study sought to define and identify patterns and insights into STD-related discussions on Reddit over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We extracted posts from Reddit from March 2019 through July 2021. We used a topic modeling method, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, to identify the most common topics discussed in the Reddit posts. We then used word clouds, qualitative topic labeling, and spline regression to characterize the content and distribution of the topics observed.

Results
Our extraction resulted in 24,311 total posts. Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic modeling showed that with 8 topics for each time period, we achieved high coherence values (pre–COVID-19=0.41, prevaccination=0.42, and postvaccination=0.44). Although most topic categories remained the same over time, the relative proportion of topics changed and new topics emerged. Spline regression revealed that some key terms had variability in the percentage of posts that coincided with pre–COVID-19 and post–COVID-19 periods, whereas others were uniform across the study periods.

Conclusions
Our study’s use of Reddit is a novel way to gain insights into STD symptoms experienced, potential exposures, testing decisions, common questions, and behavior patterns (eg, during lockdown periods). For example, reduction in STD screening may result in observed negative health outcomes due to missed cases, which also impacts onward transmission. As Reddit use is anonymous, users may discuss sensitive topics with greater detail and more freely than in clinical encounters. Data from anonymous Reddit posts may be leveraged to enhance the understanding of the distribution of disease and need for targeted outreach or screening programs. This study provides evidence in favor of establishing Reddit as having feasibility and utility to enhance the understanding of sexual behaviors, STD experiences, and needed health engagement with the public.
Classifying Comments on Social Media Related to Living Kidney Donation: Machine Learning Training and Validation Study
Authors: Asghari Mohsen , Nielsen Joshua , Gentili Monica , Koizumi Naoru , Elmaghraby Adel 
Published: September 2022

Background
Living kidney donation currently constitutes approximately a quarter of all kidney donations. There exist barriers that preclude prospective donors from donating, such as medical ineligibility and costs associated with donation. A better understanding of perceptions of and barriers to living donation could facilitate the development of effective policies, education opportunities, and outreach strategies and may lead to an increased number of living kidney donations. Prior research focused predominantly on perceptions and barriers among a small subset of individuals who had prior exposure to the donation process. The viewpoints of the general public have rarely been represented in prior research.

Objective
The current study designed a web-scraping method and machine learning algorithms for collecting and classifying comments from a variety of online sources. The resultant data set was made available in the public domain to facilitate further investigation of this topic.

Methods
We collected comments using Python-based web-scraping tools from the New York Times, YouTube, Twitter, and Reddit. We developed a set of guidelines for the creation of training data and manual classification of comments as either related to living organ donation or not. We then classified the remaining comments using deep learning.

Results
A total of 203,219 unique comments were collected from the above sources. The deep neural network model had 84% accuracy in testing data. Further validation of predictions found an actual accuracy of 63%. The final database contained 11,027 comments classified as being related to living kidney donation.

Conclusions
The current study lays the groundwork for more comprehensive analyses of perceptions, myths, and feelings about living kidney donation. Web-scraping and machine learning classifiers are effective methods to collect and examine opinions held by the general public on living kidney donation.
Boosting Delirium Identification Accuracy With Sentiment-Based Natural Language Processing: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhang Yilun , Chignell Mark , Shan Baizun , Sheehan Kathleen A , Razak Fahad , Verma Amol 
Published: September 2022

Background
Delirium is an acute neurocognitive disorder that affects up to half of older hospitalized medical patients and can lead to dementia, longer hospital stays, increased health costs, and death. Although delirium can be prevented and treated, it is difficult to identify and predict.

Objective
This study aimed to improve machine learning models that retrospectively identify the presence of delirium during hospital stays (eg, to measure the effectiveness of delirium prevention interventions) by using the natural language processing (NLP) technique of sentiment analysis (in this case a feature that identifies sentiment toward, or away from, a delirium diagnosis).

Methods
Using data from the General Medicine Inpatient Initiative, a Canadian hospital data and analytics network, a detailed manual review of medical records was conducted from nearly 4000 admissions at 6 Toronto area hospitals. Furthermore, 25.74% (994/3862) of the eligible hospital admissions were labeled as having delirium. Using the data set collected from this study, we developed machine learning models with, and without, the benefit of NLP methods applied to diagnostic imaging reports, and we asked the question “can NLP improve machine learning identification of delirium?”

Results
Among the eligible 3862 hospital admissions, 994 (25.74%) admissions were labeled as having delirium. Identification and calibration of the models were satisfactory. The accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the main model with NLP in the independent testing data set were 0.807 and 0.930, respectively. The accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the main model without NLP in the independent testing data set were 0.811 and 0.869, respectively. Model performance was also found to be stable over the 5-year period used in the experiment, with identification for a likely future holdout test set being no worse than identification for retrospective holdout test sets.

Conclusions
Our machine learning model that included NLP (ie, sentiment analysis in medical image description text mining) produced valid identification of delirium with the sentiment analysis, providing significant additional benefit over the model without NLP.
Uncommon Commons? Creative Commons Licencing in Horizon 2020 Data Management Plans
Authors: Spichtinger Daniel 
Published: September 2022

As policies, good practices and mandates on research data management evolve, more emphasis has been put on the licencing of data, which allows potential re-users to quickly identify what they can do with the data in question. In this paper I analyse a pre-existing collection of 840 Horizon 2020 public data management plans (DMPs) to determine which ones mention creative commons licences and among those who do, which licences are being used.
I find that 36% of DMPs mention creative commons and among those a number of different approaches towards licencing exist (overall policy per project, licencing decisions per dataset, licencing decisions per partner, licensing decision per data format, licensing decision per perceived stakeholder interest), often clad in rather vague language with CC licences being â€œrecommendedâ€ or â€œsuggestedâ€. Some DMPs also â€œkick the can further down the roadâ€ by mentioning that â€œaâ€ CC licence will be used, but not which one. However, among those DMPs that do mention specific CC licences, a clear favourite emerges: the CC-BY licence, which accounts for half of the total mentioning of a specific licence.
The fact that 64% of DMPs did not mention creative commons at all is an indication for the need for further training and awareness raising on data management in general and licencing in particular in Horizon Europe. For those DMPs that do mention specific licences, 60% would be compliant with Horizon Europe requirements (CC-BY or CC0). However, it should be carefully monitored whether content similar to the 40% that is currently licenced with non- Horizon Europe compliant licences will in the future move to CC-BY or CC0 or whether such content will simply be kept fully closed by projects (by invoking the â€œas open as possible, as close as necessaryâ€ principle), which would be an unintended and potentially damaging consequence of the policy.
La estereolitografía en la Facultad de Odontología de la UNAM
Authors: Jiménez Castillo René , Benavides Ríos Alejandro 
Published: September 2022

La estereolitografía tiene sus orígenes en los sistemas de Diseño Asistido por Computadora (CAD), los cuales son programas de cómputo que aceleran los procesos de diseño. El primer programa de sistemas CAD data de 1963 en EUA, pero fue en 1982 cuando se consolidó el uso de diseño asistido por computadora. El programa dio un gran salto cuando pocos años después se incorporaron a éstos, los sistemas de Diseño Asistido por Computadora en Tercera Dimensión (CAD3D), dando lugar a métodos de fabricación de modelos tridimensionales por capas en diversos materiales de manera rápida y económica (Rapid Tooling).