bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary objectives of the European Central Bank and economic growth: A human rights perspective
Authors: Kılıç Arınç Onat 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the correlation between the secondary objectives of the European Central Bank (ECB) and the right to a healthy environment. Whereas the primary mandate of the ECB is maintaining price stability, the applicable law also envisages secondary objectives, such as supporting economic growth and sustainable development. Crucially, however, there is an emerging scientific literature suggesting a trade-off between economic growth and environmental sustainability. This results in a balancing problem: To what extent environmental protection and sustainability can be balanced with economic growth within the ECB’s monetary policy? This article aims to analyse this issue with a specific focus on legal implications in terms of the right to a healthy environment. This study reveals the failure of the member states to comply with the international obligations under the right to a healthy environment in shaping the law of the ECB.
Nationalism and Conservatism in Neopagan Movements: The Case of PolishRodzimowierstwo
Authors: Grochowski Piotr 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this article I explore the political aspects of contemporary Paganism. Based on my own fieldwork, I analyze the changes in views and attitudes in relation to nationalism among Polish followers ofRodzimowierstwo, which is a modern religious movement referring to the pre-Christian beliefs of the Slavs. I put forward the thesis that the attitude toward nationalism is an important element in shaping the dynamics of divisions within believers and at the same time radical nationalist views and attitudes present among them are marginalized. The gradual weakening of nationalist tendencies does not mean, however, the dissemination of liberal and universalist attitudes and views. Nationalism is being replaced by a specific type of conservatism, which consists in creating a clear opposition between “foreign” and “native” cultural patterns, and the postulate of preserving and defending the latter.
Combined Nitrogen‐Isotope and Cyclostratigraphy Evidence for Temporal and Spatial Variability in Frasnian–Famennian Environmental Change
Authors: Percival L. M. E. , Marynowski L. , Baudin F. , Goderis S. , De Vleeschouwer D. , Rakociński M. , Narkiewicz K. , Corradini C. , Da Silva A.‐C. , Claeys P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWidespread marine anoxia triggered by the runoff and recycling of nutrients was a key phenomenon associated with the Frasnian–Famennian (FF) mass extinction. However, the relative importance of global‐scale processes versus local influences on site‐specific environmental change remains poorly understood. Here, nitrogen‐isotope (δ15N) trends are combined with organic‐biomarker, phosphorus, and Rock‐Eval data in FF sites from the USA (H‐32 core, Iowa), Poland (Kowala Quarry), and Belgium (Sinsin). Up‐to‐date cyclostratigraphic age models for all three sites allow the nature and timing of changes to be precisely compared across the globe. Negative δ15N excursions across the FF interval from the H‐32 core and Kowala correlate with geochemical evidence for euxinic, phosphorus‐rich, water columns, and possible cyanobacterial activity, suggestive of increased diazotrophic N fixation, potentially coupled with ammonium assimilation at the latter site. By contrast, previously studied sites from Western Canada and South China document enhanced water‐column denitrification around the onset of the Upper Kellwasser (UKW) Event, re‐emphasizing the geographical heterogeneity in environmental perturbations at that time. Moreover, environmental degradation began >100 kyr earlier in Poland, coeval with a major increase in bioavailable phosphorus supply, than in Iowa, where no such influx is recorded. These regional differences in both the timing and nature of marine perturbations during the FF interval likely resulted from the variable influx of terrigenous nutrients to different marine basins at that time, highlighting the importance of local processes such as terrestrial runoff in driving environmental degradation during times of climate cooling such as the UKW Event.
Sensitivity‐Oriented Clustering Method for Parameter Grouping in Water Network Model Calibration
Authors: Chen Xinran , Zhou Xiao , Xin Kunlun , Liao Ziyuan , Yan Hexiang , Wang Jiaying , Tao Tao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs water network models contain a lot of parameters that are hard to directly obtain or be precisely measured, model calibration technologies are often used to estimate unknown parameters and ensure model accuracy. A main problem faced by calibration is the underdetermination due to the low ratio between available field measurements and parameters to be estimated. Parameter grouping is an effective approach to turn the calibration problem to even or over‐determined, but current studies often group parameters manually according to engineering experience, which has low efficiency and accuracy, and even cause non‐convergence of the calibration process. In this study, a Sensitivity‐Oriented Clustering (SOC) method is proposed to automatically group unknown pipe roughness coefficients with promised convergency and promoted accuracy of the calibration process. SOC divides the grouping process into two stages. The first one focuses on high‐sensitivity pipes to guarantee the convergence of calibration, and the second stage grouping attaches the remaining low‐sensitivity pipes to the determined high‐sensitivity groups to ensure estimation accuracy of these pipes. Two case studies are conducted to illustrate the application and effectiveness of the proposed grouping method. It has been proved that the SOC provides an intelligent way to group unknown parameters and can be combined with various calibration methods. The results show that SOC significantly improves the stability and accuracy of the calibration process, which makes it reliable and effective in practical application.
Momentum considerations inside near-zero index materials
Authors: Lobet Michaël , Liberal Iñigo , Vertchenko Larissa , Lavrinenko Andrei V. , Engheta Nader , Mazur Eric 
Published: April 2022

AbstractNear-zero index (NZI) materials, i.e., materials having a phase refractive index close to zero, are known to enhance or inhibit light-matter interactions. Most theoretical derivations of fundamental radiative processes rely on energetic considerations and detailed balance equations, but not on momentum considerations. Because momentum exchange should also be incorporated into theoretical models, we investigate momentum inside the three categories of NZI materials, i.e., inside epsilon-and-mu-near-zero (EMNZ), epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) and mu-near-zero (MNZ) materials. In the context of Abraham–Minkowski debate in dispersive materials, we show that Minkowski-canonical momentum of light is zero inside all categories of NZI materials while Abraham-kinetic momentum of light is zero in ENZ and MNZ materials but nonzero inside EMNZ materials. We theoretically demonstrate that momentum recoil, transfer momentum from the field to the atom and Doppler shift are inhibited in NZI materials. Fundamental radiative processes inhibition is also explained due to those momentum considerations inside three-dimensional NZI materials. Absence of diffraction pattern in slits experiments is seen as a consequence of zero Minkowski momentum. Lastly, consequence on Heisenberg inequality, microscopy applications and on the canonical momentum as generator of translations are discussed. Those findings are appealing for a better understanding of fundamental light-matter interactions at the nanoscale as well as for lasing applications.
Unsupervised machine learning improves risk stratification in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: an analysis of the Spanish Myeloma Group
Authors: Mosquera Orgueira Adrian , González Pérez Marta Sonia , Diaz Arias Jose , Rosiñol Laura , Oriol Albert , Teruel Ana Isabel , Martinez Lopez Joaquin , Palomera Luis , Granell Miguel , Blanchard Maria Jesus , de la Rubia Javier , López de la Guia Ana , Rios Rafael , Sureda Anna , Hernandez Miguel Teodoro , Bengoechea Enrique , Calasanz María José , Gutierrez Norma , Martin Maria Luis , Blade Joan , Lahuerta Juan-Jose , San Miguel Jesús , Mateos Maria Victoria ,   the PETHEMA/GEM Cooperative Group, Mosquera Orgueira Adrian , González Pérez Marta Sonia , Diaz Arias Jose , Rosiñol Laura , Oriol Albert , Teruel Ana Isabel , Martinez Lopez Joaquin , Palomera Luis , Granell Miguel , Blanchard Maria Jesus , de la Rubia Javier , López de la Guia Ana , Rios Rafael , Sureda Anna , Hernandez Miguel Teodoro , Bengoechea Enrique , Calasanz María José , Gutierrez Norma , Martin Maria Luis , Blade Joan , Lahuerta Juan-Jose , San Miguel Jesús , Mateos Maria Victoria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe International Staging System (ISS) and the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS) are commonly used prognostic scores in multiple myeloma (MM). These methods have significant gaps, particularly among intermediate-risk groups. The aim of this study was to improve risk stratification in newly diagnosed MM patients using data from three different trials developed by the Spanish Myeloma Group. For this, we applied an unsupervised machine learning clusterization technique on a set of clinical, biochemical and cytogenetic variables, and we identified two novel clusters of patients with significantly different survival. The prognostic precision of this clusterization was superior to those of ISS and R-ISS scores, and appeared to be particularly useful to improve risk stratification among R-ISS 2 patients. Additionally, patients assigned to the low-risk cluster in the GEM05 over 65 years trial had a significant survival benefit when treated with VMP as compared with VTD. In conclusion, we describe a simple prognostic model for newly diagnosed MM whose predictions are independent of the ISS and R-ISS scores. Notably, the model is particularly useful in order to re-classify R-ISS score 2 patients in 2 different prognostic subgroups. The combination of ISS, R-ISS and unsupervised machine learning clusterization brings a promising approximation to improve MM risk stratification.
HORDB a comprehensive database of peptide hormones
Authors: Zhu Ning , Dong Fanyi , Shi Guobang , Lao Xingzhen , Zheng Heng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPeptide hormones (also known as hormone peptides and polypeptide hormones) are hormones composed of peptides and are signal transduction molecules produced by a class of multicellular organisms. It plays an important role in the physiological and behavioral regulation of animals and humans as well as in the growth of plants. In order to promote the research on peptide hormones, we constructed HORDB database. The database currently has a total of 6024 entries, including 5729 peptide hormones, 40 peptide drugs and 255 marketed pharmaceutical preparations information. Each entry provided comprehensive information related to the peptide, including general information, sequence, activity, structure, physical information and literature information. We also added information on IC50, EC50, ED50, target, and whether or not the blood-brain barrier was crossed to the activity information note. In addition, HORDB integrates search and sequence analysis to facilitate user browsing and data analysis. We believe that the peptide hormones information collected by HORDB will promote the design and discovery of peptide hormones, All data are hosted and available in figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5522241.
Risk factors, transcriptomics, and outcomes of myocardial injury following lower extremity revascularization
Authors: Smilowitz Nathaniel R. , Cornwell MacIntosh , Offerman Erik J. , Rockman Caron B. , Shah Svati H. , Newman Jonathan D. , Ruggles Kelly , Voora Deepak , Berger Jeffrey S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMyocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) is common. We investigated the incidence and outcomes of MINS, and mechanistic underpinnings using pre-operative whole blood gene expression profiling in a prospective cohort study of individuals undergoing lower extremity revascularization (LER) for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Major adverse cardiovascular and limb events (MACLE) were defined as a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, major lower extremity amputation or reoperation. Among 226 participants undergoing LER, MINS occurred in 53 (23.5%). Patients with MINS had a greater incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (49.1% vs. 22.0%, adjusted HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.07–3.26) and MACLE (67.9% vs. 44.5%; adjusted HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.08–2.55) at median 20-month follow-up. Pre-operative whole blood transcriptome profiling of a nested matched MINS case–control cohort (n = 41) identified upregulation of pathways related to platelet alpha granules and coagulation in patients who subsequently developed MINS. Thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) mRNA expression was 60% higher at baseline in patients who later developed MINS, and was independently associated with long-term cardiovascular events in the Duke Catheterization Genetics biorepository cohort. In conclusion, pre-operative THBS1 mRNA expression is higher in patients who subsequently develop MINS and is associated with incident cardiovascular events. Pathways related to platelet activity and coagulation associated with MINS provide novel insights into mechanisms of myocardial injury.
Stabilizing superconductivity of ternary metal pentahydride $$\hbox {CaCH}_{{5}}$$ via electronic topological transitions under high pressure from first principles evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Tsuppayakorn-aek Prutthipong , Phaisangittisakul Nakorn , Ahuja Rajeev , Bovornratanaraks Thiti 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe explored the phase stability of ternary pentahydride $$\hbox {CaCH}_{{5}}$$

CaCH
5

based on the first principles evolutionary algorithm. Here, we successfully search for a candidate structure up to 500 GPa. As a consequence, the possible stable structure of $$\hbox {CaCH}_{{5}}$$

CaCH
5

is found be to a monoclinic structure with space group Pm at a pressure of 50 GPa. Moreover, the orthorhombic structure with a space group of Cmcm is found to be thermodynamically stable above 316 GPa. With this, the Kohn-Sham equation plays a crucial role in determining the structural stability and the electronic structure. Therefore, its structural stability is discussed in term of electronic band structure, Fermi surface topology, and dynamic stability. With these results, we propose that the superconducting transition temperature ($$\hbox {T}_{{c}}$$

T
c

) of Cmcm structure is estimated to be 50 K at 450 GPa. This could be implied that the proposed Cmcm structure may be emerging as a new class of superconductive ternary metal pentahydride. Our findings pave the way for further studies on an experimental observation that can be synthesized at high pressure.
CNS imaging characteristics in fibromyalgia patients with and without peripheral nerve involvement
Authors: Aster Hans-Christoph , Evdokimov Dimitar , Braun Alexandra , Üçeyler Nurcan , Kampf Thomas , Pham Mirko , Homola György A. , Sommer Claudia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that reduced skin innervation in fibromyalgia syndrome is associated with specific CNS changes. This prospective case–control study included 43 women diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome and 40 healthy controls. We further compared the fibromyalgia subgroups with reduced (n = 21) and normal (n = 22) skin innervation. Brains were analysed for cortical volume, for white matter integrity, and for functional connectivity. Compared to controls, cortical thickness was decreased in regions of the frontal, temporal and parietal cortex in the fibromyalgia group as a whole, and decreased in the bilateral pericalcarine cortices in the fibromyalgia subgroup with reduced skin innervation. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed a significant increase in fractional anisotropy in the corona radiata, the corpus callosum, cingulum and fornix in patients with fibromyalgia compared to healthy controls and decreased FA in parts of the internal capsule and thalamic radiation in the subgroup with reduced skin innervation. Using resting-state fMRI, the fibromyalgia group as a whole showed functional hypoconnectivity between the right midfrontal gyrus and the posterior cerebellum and the right crus cerebellum, respectively. The subgroup with reduced skin innervation showed hyperconnectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus, the angular gyrus and the posterior parietal gyrus. Our results suggest that the subgroup of fibromyalgia patients with pronounced pathology in the peripheral nervous system shows alterations in morphology, structural and functional connectivity also at the level of the encephalon. We propose considering these subgroups when conducting clinical trials.
Phase retrieval based on deep learning in grating interferometer
Authors: Oh Ohsung , Kim Youngju , Kim Daeseung , Hussey Daniel. S. , Lee Seung Wook 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGrating interferometry is a promising technique to obtain differential phase contrast images with illumination source of low intrinsic transverse coherence. However, retrieving the phase contrast image from the differential phase contrast image is difficult due to the accumulated noise and artifacts from the differential phase contrast image (DPCI) reconstruction. In this paper, we implemented a deep learning-based phase retrieval method to suppress these artifacts. Conventional deep learning based denoising requires noise/clean image pair, but it is not feasible to obtain sufficient number of clean images for grating interferometry. In this paper, we apply a recently developed neural network called Noise2Noise (N2N) that uses noise/noise image pairs for training. We obtained many DPCIs through combination of phase stepping images, and these were used as input/target pairs for N2N training. The application of the N2N network to simulated and measured DPCI showed that the phase contrast images were retrieved with strongly suppressed phase retrieval artifacts. These results can be used in grating interferometer applications which uses phase stepping method.
The influence of personality on the risk of myocardial infarction in UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Dahlén Amelia D. , Miguet Maud , Schiöth Helgi B. , Rukh Gull 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPersonality is a strong determinant for several health-related behaviours and has been linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, the reports of personality’s mediating role have been inconsistent with no data available from large population-based cohorts. The study aimed to create proxies for the Big Five personality traits, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness and neuroticism, to examine the longitudinal relationship between personality and myocardial infarction in the UK Biobank. The study sample comprised of 484,205 participants (55% female, 45% male, mean age 56.4 ± 8.1 years) from UK Biobank cohort with a mean follow-up of 7 years. The personality proxies sociability, warmth, diligence, curiosity and nervousness were created using self-reported data on psychological factors, mental health and social support, to match the facets of the Big Five traits. As neuroticism is the only Big Five personality trait available in the UK Biobank, it was included to validate the personality proxies. Myocardial infarction outcome information was collected from hospital records, death registries or was self-reported. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratios (HR), respectively with 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for demographics (age, sex, socioeconomic status, ethnicity), health-related factors (BMI, diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and lifestyle factors (alcohol intake, smoking, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity). Diligence was found to be significantly associated with lower prevalent myocardial infarction [OR: 0.87; (CI 0.84–0.89)] and lower incident myocardial infarction [HR: 0.88; (CI 0.85–0.92)]. Sociability was also protective against prevalent [OR: 0.89; (CI 0.87–0.92)] and incident [HR: 0.90; (CI 0.87–0.93)] myocardial infarction. Conversely, nervousness inferred a higher risk for both prevalent [OR: 1.10; (CI 1.08–1.12)] and incident [HR: 1.07; (CI 1.04–1.09)] myocardial infarction during follow-up. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that nervousness significantly increases the risk for incident myocardial infarction among women [HR: 1.13; (CI 1.08–1.19)] compared to men [HR: 1.05; (CI 1.02–1.08)]. By using our created proxies, we were able to investigate the impact of personality on the development of myocardial infarction. Persons with higher levels of diligence and sociability mimicking predominantly conscientiousness and extraversion personalities respectively are less likely to experience myocardial infarction, while personalities predominantly characterised by nervousness pose higher risk for developing myocardial infarction. These initial findings invite further validation of the use of the personality proxies in UK Biobank cohort.
The macroscopic limit to synchronization of cellular clocks in single cells of Neurospora crassa
Authors: Cheong Jia Hwei , Qiu Xiao , Liu Yang , Al-Omari Ahmad , Griffith James , Schüttler Heinz-Bernd , Mao Leidong , Arnold Jonathan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe determined the macroscopic limit for phase synchronization of cellular clocks in an artificial tissue created by a “big chamber” microfluidic device to be about 150,000 cells or less. The dimensions of the microfluidic chamber allowed us to calculate an upper limit on the radius of a hypothesized quorum sensing signal molecule of 13.05 nm using a diffusion approximation for signal travel within the device. The use of a second microwell microfluidic device allowed the refinement of the macroscopic limit to a cell density of 2166 cells per fixed area of the device for phase synchronization. The measurement of averages over single cell trajectories in the microwell device supported a deterministic quorum sensing model identified by ensemble methods for clock phase synchronization. A strong inference framework was used to test the communication mechanism in phase synchronization of quorum sensing versus cell-to-cell contact, suggesting support for quorum sensing. Further evidence came from showing phase synchronization was density-dependent.