bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The comparison of the main dietary and non‐dietary trigger factors in women with chronic and episodic migraine
Authors: Hajjarzadeh Samaneh , Shalilahmadi Davood , Nikniaz Zeinab , Mahdavi Reza , Hajjarzadeh Sepideh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsMigraine is one of the most common neurological diseases and the second cause of disability worldwide. Various trigger factors have been reported in different populations. The current study was designed to extract the main trigger factors using factor analysis, and compare the chronic and episodic patient scores for every extracted pattern.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 300 migrainous women (25–55 years old) participated. A constructed 46‐item Likert questionnaire was developed to assess the primary triggers. The validity of the designed questionnaire was assessed by Content Validity Ratio and Content Validity Index coefficients. The test–retest method was employed to assess reliability. The exploratory factor analysis was performed to extract patterns of correlation among 46 triggers. Each participant was given a score for every extracted pattern. The mean scores of chronic and episodic patients were compared using the Mann–Whitney test.ResultsThe mean body mass index of participants was 28.17 ± 5.44 kg/m2. Most participants (90.7%) had migraine without aura. Four factors were extracted using factor analysis that explained 22.37% of the total variance: (1) environmental and behavioural factors; (2) condiments; (3) nitrite, tyramine and caffeine; and (4) fats. None of these factors explained the difference between chronic and episodic migrainous women.ConclusionsThe current study suggests that environmental and behavioural factors, relative to dietary triggers, play an essential role in causing migraine in women and more than dietary triggers. The most important triggers did not differ between episodic and chronic migrainous women.
Pulsed light of near‐infrared and visible light wavelengths induces the accumulation of carotenoids in tomato fruits during post‐treatment time
Authors: González‐Casado Sandra , López‐Gámez Gloria , Martín‐Belloso Olga , Elez‐Martínez Pedro , Soliva‐Fortuny Robert 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPulsed light (PL) is proposed as a novel strategy for the food industry to enhance the antioxidant potential of fruits and vegetables for industrial uses. The main aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of postharvest PL treatments of different spectral ranges on the carotenoid concentration as well as quality attributes of tomatoes during post‐treatment time. Doses of wide‐spectrum light (180–1100 nm), full‐spectrum without ultraviolet (UV)‐C wavelengths (305–1100 nm), and visible (VIS) + near‐infrared light (NIR) (400–1100 nm) were compared. Total carotenoids, lycopene, and chlorophyll contents were spectrophotometrically assessed just after treatments and 1, 5, and 10 days post‐treatment. PL treatments accelerated the accumulation of both total carotenoids and lycopene concentrations in tomato fruits. Nevertheless, the efficacy of PL depended on the applied spectral range. Tomato subjected to VIS + NIR treatment exhibited the greatest enhancement in total carotenoids (31 %) and lycopene (35 %) content at day 5 post‐treatment and quality attributes were not affected. Conversely, UV‐light exposure did not enhance carotenoid concentrations. These results evidenced that VIS + NIR treatments induced a faster accumulation of carotenoids without negatively affecting tomato quality attributes.Practical ApplicationThe integration of visible and near‐infrared (VIS + NIR) light filters in pulsed light (PL) processing allows enhancing the accumulation of bioactive compounds in tomato tissues in a sustainable way, which can be processed to obtain derived products (e.g., juices, purees) with health‐promoting properties. PL technology is characterized by a lack of residual compounds and the absence of applying chemicals potentially harmful to humans. Industries can attract the attention of consumers through their application, which allows offering this added value.
Changes in vitamin D metabolites at the time of critical illness and 6 months later—A prospective observational study
Authors: Jonsdottir Gudrun Maria , Kvaran Runar Bragi , Skarphedinsdottir Sigurbjorg Johanna , Karason Sigurbergur , Krueger Diane , Coursin Douglas B. , Binkley Neil , Hoofnagle Andrew N. , Hogan Kirk , Sigurdsson Gisli Heimir , Sigurdsson Martin Ingi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite multiple studies suggesting that low 25(OH)D‐vitamin levels are associated with worse outcomes in critically ill individuals, attempts to mitigate the outcomes by fixed dose enteral supplementation unguided by baseline or target blood levels have been unsuccessful. Since a single measurement of 25(OH)D may not optimally reflect an individual's vitamin D status, we studied the plasma concentration of different vitamin D metabolites and their recovery during and following resolution of acute critical illness.MethodsA prospective observational study including patients 18 years and older admitted to a mixed medical‐surgical ICU in Reykjavik, Iceland, located at a high‐northern altitude (64° N). Vitamin D metabolites were measured at three timepoints; On admission (S1), 3–5 days following admission (S2) and after recovery from acute illness (median 178 days) (S3). Concentrations of total 25(OH)D‐vitamin, cholecalciferol (D3), total 24,25(OH)D‐vitamin, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) were measured with LC‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and free 25‐(OH)D was measured with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsMost individuals were vitamin D deficient when assessed during critical illness, with 25(OH)D‐vitamin levels under 30 ng/ml for 37/40 individuals at timepoint S1 and 34/38 at S2. After recovery, 18/30 patients were deficient at S3. Levels of all vitamin D metabolites measured were low during critical illness but rose substantially following resolution of acute illness. No strong correlation was found between markers of acute illness severity or duration and resolution of vitamin D metabolites in the interval between acute illness and recovery.ConclusionsIn critically ill patients, levels of multiple vitamin D metabolites are low but substantial recovery occurs following resolution of acute illness. It is unclear whether a single metabolite is sufficient to assess vitamin D status of critically ill patients and guide potential supplementation.
Incremental costs of scaling up kangaroo mother care: Results from implementation research in Ethiopia and India
Authors:   WHO KMC Scale Up Study Group
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo estimate incremental costs of an implementation model for scaling up Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) for neonates with birthweight <2000 g.MethodsSeven sites across Ethiopia and India collected data for 2018–19 to calculate incremental recurrent costs (of health worker time, supplies, and operations) and start‐up costs for KMC scale up. The costs were estimated per live newborn <2000 g eligible for KMC identified in the study population.ResultsScaling up KMC in study districts required average incremental costs of US$59 (95% CI US$ 52–67) in Ethiopia and US$72 (95% CI US$ 41–103) in India per eligible newborn in the population. Most of these costs were recurrent; the annualised start‐up costs per eligible newborn ranged from 12%–25% of total costs in Ethiopia and 9%–16% in India. The major cost driver was human resources, followed by initial and recurrent training, supplies, and communications costs. Incremental infrastructure costs were only 2%–6% of total costs in both countries. Most of the costs were for activities at the KMC implementing facility, accounting for 79%–88% of the total costs in Ethiopia and 89%–93% of those in India.ConclusionThe costs for successful scale up of KMC seem affordable but must be included in programme budgets.
Perception, knowledge and attitude towards childhood fever: A survey among final‐year medical students
Authors: Milani Gregorio P. , Corsello Antonio , Fadda Marta , Falvo Ilaria , Giannì Maria Lorella , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Cuppari Caterina , Bruzzese Eugenia , Bianchetti Mario G. , Schulz Peter J. , Peroni Diego , Marchisio Paola , Chiappini Elena 
Published: August 2022

AimsUndue concerns about the consequences of fever and its inappropriate management have been documented worldwide among physicians. However, no data exist on medical students. We investigated the perception, knowledge and attitude towards childhood fever among final‐year medical students.MethodsBetween June and September 2021, final‐year medical students of six Italian universities were invited to complete an online survey on their conceptions and attitude towards pharmacological and non‐pharmacological management of childhood fever. History of relevant personal or second‐hand experience with childhood fever was also addressed. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used.ResultsOf 1095 (69%) final‐year medical students, 756 completed the survey. Many students believe that high fever might cause brain damage, would recommend physical methods and alternate two drugs for fever. Most students do not think that fever has mainly beneficial effects. In Northern Italy, students are less likely to believe that fever might lead to brain damage (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33–0.94), and in Southern Italy students are more likely to advise physical methods (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.22–2.57) and less likely to believe that fever has mainly beneficial effects (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.39–0.77). History of a relevant personal episode of fever during childhood was not associated with these outcomes.ConclusionsMisconceptions about fever are common among final‐year medical students in Italy. Cultural factors rather than individually learned traits might underlie these beliefs. Medical students are a promising target for educational interventions to improve childhood fever management.
Fusobacterium nucleatum induces excess methyltransferase‐like 3‐mediated microRNA‐4717‐3p maturation to promote colorectal cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Xu Qiaolin , Lu Xiaoxue , Li Jing , Feng Yuyang , Tang Jie , Zhang Tao , Mao Yilan , Lan Yuanzhi , Luo Huaxing , Zeng Linghai , Xiang Yuanyuan , Hu Lv , Zhang Yan , Li Qian , Deng Ling , He Xiaoyi , Tang Bin , Mao Xuhu , Zeng Dongzhu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFusobacterium nucleatum infection plays vital roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Overexpression of microRNA‐4717‐3p (miR‐4717) was reported to be upregulated in F. nucleatum positive CRC tissues, however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we found that miR‐4717 promoted CRC cell proliferation in vitro and growth of CRC in vivo following F. nucleatum infection. MicroRNA‐4717 suppressed the expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MAP2K4), a tumor suppressor, by directly targeting its 3′‐UTR. Furthermore, we confirmed that methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3)‐dependent m6A methylation could methylate primary (pri)‐miR‐4717, which further promoted the maturation of pri‐miR‐4717, and METTL3 positively regulated CRC cell proliferation through miR‐4717/MAP2K4 pathways. In conclusion, F. nucleatum‐induced miR‐4717 excessive maturation through METTL3‐dependent m6A modification promotes CRC cell proliferation, which provides a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker for CRC.
‘Trial by fire’: An online survey exploring confidence of junior doctors in managing toxicology presentations to the emergency department
Authors: Smith Jennifer L. , McCutcheon David , Weber Courtney , Soderstrom Jessamine , Burcham Jonathon , Fatovich Daniel M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe often unknown nature of acute drug intoxication, especially with illicit drugs and emerging novel psychoactive substances, can present a significant challenge for emergency clinicians. Less experienced clinicians are particularly vulnerable to the diagnostic dilemmas of complex toxicology emergencies. We sought to better understand the confidence of junior doctors in assessing and managing toxicological emergencies across two emergency departments in Perth, Australia.MethodsAn online survey was conducted between August 2020 and February 2021. Self‐rated confidence was measured on a five‐point Likert Scale across 10 statements. Two open‐ended questions were included to capture perceived barriers and facilitators impacting clinical confidence. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive methods and Fisher's exact test. Free‐text responses were analysed using content analysis.ResultsA total of 104 surveys were completed (19.2% interns, 40.4% resident medical officers and 40.4% registrars). Self‐rated confidence varied across statements and by staff type. The lowest confidence rating was for managing a patient who had overdosed from an unknown substance (31.7%) and the highest rating for referring a patient to psychiatry following deliberate self‐poisoning (86.6%). Confidence increased with greater clinical experience for all statements. Qualitative analysis revealed perceptions of clinical preparedness, complexity of patients and a safe and supportive culture as key factors impacting confidence.Discussion and ConclusionsOvercoming perceived deficits in knowledge and clinical experience were key to building confidence. Our findings highlight the need for improved access to toxicology‐specific curricula and training, and strategies to ensure adequate supervision from senior clinicians.
iGlarLixi versus basal plus Rapid‐Acting insulin in adults with type 2 diabetes advancing from basal insulin therapy: The SoliSimplify Real‐World study
Authors: McCrimmon Rory J. , Cheng Alice Y.Y. , Galstyan Gagik , Djaballah Khier , Li Xuan , Coudert Mathieu , Frias Juan P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimFor people with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) on basal insulin (BI), guidelines recommend several treatment advancement options. This study compared the clinical effectiveness of once‐daily iGlarLixi versus a multiple‐injection BI + rapid acting insulin (RAI) regimen in adults with T2D advancing from BI therapy in real‐world clinical practice.Materials and methodsElectronic medical records from the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) database were analysed retrospectively using propensity score matching to compare therapy advancement with iGlarLixi or BI + RAI in US adults ≥18 years with T2D on BI who had ≥1 valid glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) value at baseline and at the 6‐month follow‐up. The primary objective was non‐inferiority of iGlarLixi to BI + RAI in HbA1c change from baseline to 6 months (margin 0.3%).ResultsPropensity score matching generated cohorts with balanced baseline characteristics (N = 814 in each group). HbA1c reduction from baseline to 6 months with iGlarLixi was non‐inferior to BI + RAI [mean difference (95% confidence interval): 0.1 (−0.1, 0.2)%; one‐sided p = .0032]. At 6 months, weight gain was significantly lower with iGlarLixi than with BI + RAI [−0.8 (−1.3, −0.2) kg; two‐sided p = .0069]. Achievement of HbA1c <7% without hypoglycaemia and weight gain were similar between groups [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.15 (0.81, 1.63); p = .4280]. Hypoglycaemia was low in both groups, probably because of underreporting.ConclusionsIn real‐world clinical practice, glycaemic outcomes 6 months after treatment advancement from BI are similar for people with T2D using iGlarLixi versus BI + RAI, with iGlarLixi leading to less weight gain.
Gendered perceptions in maize supply chains: Evidence from Uganda
Authors: Van Campenhout Bjorn , De Anusha 
Published: August 2022

SummaryMotivationFaced by imperfect information about the performance of value chain actors, transactions are often based on perceptions. Inaccurate perceptions may result in inefficient value chains. Biased perceptions, especially about women, may affect inclusiveness.PurposeWe aim to compare perceptions by farmers, input dealers, traders, and processors in Uganda's maize value chain. Specifically, we compare ratings given by farmers to self‐ratings of dealers, traders and processors. We test if male farmers rate others differently as compared to female farmers; if men and women rate themselves differently; and whether female farmers rate female value chain actors more highly by virtue of being of the same gender (homophily).Methods and approachA random sample of 1526 small‐scale farmers growing maize from the Eastern region in Uganda were asked to rate agro‐input dealers, traders, and processors by ease of access, quality of services, price competitiveness, and reputation. These value chain actors—78 agro‐input dealers, 341 assembly traders, and 174 processors—were then asked to assess themselves.Descriptive analysis, t‐tests, and multivariate regression with two‐way non‐nested clustering were used for the analysis.FindingsWe find that input dealers, traders, and processors rate themselves more highly than farmers rate them. For self‐assessments, the gender of the value chain actor does not matter. Female farmers tend to rate the dealers, traders, and processors more highly than male farmers do. The sex of the actor rated does not affect the rating they receive; we also find no signs that women rate women more highly than they rate men.Policy implicationsIt is reassuring to see that in Eastern Uganda, women as dealers, traders, and processors were not rated lower than their male counterparts. It was equally reassuring to see that dealers, traders, and processors were rated well for quality by farmers—a frequent concern in Uganda is that they provide poor service. They did not score so well, however, for competitive prices. Policies to encourage competition and new entrants may help. That dealers, traders, and processors rate themselves more highly than farmers do, could lead to complacency, in turn hindering investment and innovation. The gap in perceptions might be reduced if there were certification by an independent agency, or if farmer ratings were crowd sourced.
Brain entropy, fractal dimensions and predictability: A review of complexity measures for EEG in healthy and neuropsychiatric populations
Authors: Lau Zen J. , Pham Tam , Chen S. H. Annabel , Makowski Dominique 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere has been an increasing trend towards the use of complexity analysis in quantifying neural activity measured by electroencephalography (EEG) signals. On top of revealing complex neuronal processes of the brain that may not be possible with linear approaches, EEG complexity measures have also demonstrated their potential as biomarkers of psychopathology such as depression and schizophrenia. Unfortunately, the opacity of algorithms and descriptions originating from mathematical concepts have made it difficult to understand what complexity is and how to draw consistent conclusions when applied within psychology and neuropsychiatry research. In this review, we provide an overview and entry‐level explanation of existing EEG complexity measures, which can be broadly categorized as measures of predictability and regularity. We then synthesize complexity findings across different areas of psychological science, namely, in consciousness research, mood and anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as changes across the lifespan, while addressing some theoretical and methodological issues underlying the discrepancies in the data. Finally, we present important considerations when choosing and interpreting these metrics.
Arnica montana L. extract containing 6‐O‐methacryloylhelenalin and 6‐O‐isobutyrylhelenalin accelerates growth and differentiation of human subcutaneous preadipocytes and leads volumizing of skin
Authors: Sakamoto Kotaro , Watanabe Chiharu , Masutani Teruaki , Hirasawa Asuka , Wakamatsu Kanae , Iddamalgoda Arunasiri , Kakumu Yuya , Yamauchi Kosei , Mitsunaga Tohru 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveAn important factor in the aging of the face is a reduction in the volume of adipose tissue. This reduction in adipose tissue contributes to decreased skin elasticity, which is also part of the aging process. Overall, these lead to wrinkle formation. Fat injection is a common means of addressing this issue and is used to reduce the effects of aging on the face and to increase the fullness of the lips and breasts. However, fat injection is an invasive surgical procedure. This study aimed to discover novel cosmetic ingredients that increase the volume of subcutaneous (pre)adipocytes to create the appearance of more youthful skin.MethodsWe focused on the number of subcutaneous preadipocytes and the accumulation of lipid droplets. To discover natural ingredients that increase both of these, extracts of 380 natural products were prepared and screened for their effects on both growth and differentiation (i.e., lipid droplet accumulation) of human subcutaneous preadipocytes. One extract was found to have the desired effects, and this was further studied to determine the active compounds. We then evaluated its efficacy in a human clinical study.ResultsWe found that Arnica montana L. flower extract (AFE) accelerates both the growth and the differentiation of human subcutaneous preadipocytes. AFE was found to significantly increase the volume of adipocyte spheroids. The active compounds 6‐O‐methacryloylhelenalin and 6‐O‐isobutyrylhelenalin were found to be responsible for the effects of AFE on preadipocytes. In a human clinical study, gels containing 1% AFE successfully enhanced the volume of the lips and face with reduction of wrinkles with no adverse reactions.ConclusionThis is the first report to demonstrate that AFE and the included compounds, 6‐O‐methacryloylhelenalin and 6‐O‐isobutyrylhelenalin, act on preadipocytes. AFE would be ideal for use in products that plump the face to reduce wrinkles and create a more youthful appearance.
Proposal and validation of a financial protection perception scale
Authors: Vieira Kelmara Mendes , Brasil Camila Viana , Bressan Aureliano Angel , Klein Leander Luiz , Potrich Ani Caroline Grigion 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article proposes and validates a financial protection perception scale (FPPS) from the perspective of the financial services consumer. The scale was applied to a sample of 1137 individuals residing in Brazil and validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and standard multivariate validation methods. The FPPS, composed of 14 items, allows the development of an indicator that defines the level of protection perceived by the consumer of financial services, evaluated along the dimensions of transparency, suitability, security, and complaints. The tests and fit indices indicated the reliability and validity of the FPPS. With this scale, researchers, managers, and policymakers can assess the extent to which consumers feel protected when using financial services.