bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Campylobacter fetus in breeding bulls of private farms in Bangladesh
Authors: Hoque Nazmul , Islam Sk Shaheenur , Saddam Md. Jahidul Islam , Rafikuzzaman Md. , Sikder Mahmudul Hasan , Castellan David M. , Kabir S. M. Lutful 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundBovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC) is a venereal disease caused by Campylobacter fetus that has a negative impact on animal reproduction. The bull is considered to be a symptomless carrier that spreads the disease agent to breeding cows, causing infertility and sporadic abortion.AimThe study aims to estimate the prevalence, identify risk factors of Campylobacter fetus (C. fetus) infection and antimicrobial resistance pattern of the C. fetus isolates.MethodA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. Bull smegma samples (single sample from each bull) were collected from 300 bulls from four farms and tested via culture, biochemical identification and finally 16S rRNA and cdtA gene‐based molecular assays (PCR) for herd and animal‐level prevalence estimation. Herd‐ and animal‐level data on risk factors were collected from the farmers using a pretested questionnaire and analysed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models with a p value of <0.05 was taken statistically significant for both analyses.ResultsAmong the surveyed farms, 75% (95% CI: 19.4%–99.4%) were confirmed to have bulls infected with Campylobacter fetus at herd level. However, animal‐level occurrence of C. fetus was estimated to be 8.7% (26/300) (95% CI: 5.7%–12.4%). Natural service increases the odds of campylobacteriosis 38.18 times (95% CI: 13.89–104.94) in comparison to artificial insemination for C. fetus infection in bulls. Significantly, half of the isolates (50%, n = 13) were identified to be multidrug resistant (MDR) for three to five antimicrobial agents.ConclusionThis study highlights the need to develop official guidelines for C. fetus control and prevention in Bangladesh including mandatory artificial insemination in reproductive cows and heifers, routine screening of breeding bulls for C. fetus free status.
Estimating the impacts of natural gas power generation growth on solar electricity development: PJM's evolving resource mix and ramping capability
Authors: Nyangon Joseph , Byrne John 
Published: July 2022

AbstractExpansion of distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) and natural gas‐fired generation capacity in the United States has put a renewed spotlight on methods and tools for power system planning and grid modernization. This article investigates the impact of increasing natural gas‐fired electricity generation assets on installed distributed solar PV systems in the Pennsylvania–New Jersey–Maryland (PJM) Interconnection in the United States over the period 2008–2018. We developed an empirical dynamic panel data model using the system‐generalized method of moments (system‐GMM) estimation approach. The model accounts for the impact of past and current technical, market and policy changes over time, forecasting errors, and business cycles by controlling for PJM jurisdictions‐level effects and year fixed effects. Using an instrumental variable to control for endogeneity, we concluded that natural gas does not crowd out renewables like solar PV in the PJM capacity market; however, we also found considerable heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity was displayed in the relationship between solar PV systems and electricity prices. More interestingly, we found no evidence suggesting any relationship between distributed solar PV development and nuclear, coal, hydro, or electricity consumption. In addition, considering policy effects of state renewable portfolio standards, net energy metering, differences in the PJM market structure, and other demand and cost‐related factors proved important in assessing their impacts on solar PV generation capacity, including energy storage as a non‐wire alternative policy technique.This article is categorized under:Photovoltaics > Economics and PolicyFossil Fuels > Climate and EnvironmentEnergy Systems Economics > Economics and Policy
Introduction: Using Innovative Technologies to Tackle Methodological Challenges in Migration Research
Authors: Pötzschke Steffen , Rinken Sebastian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this introductory chapter, the editors suggest that the increasing need for rigorous data on international migration warrants enhanced co-operation between migration scholars, survey methodologists, and data scientists. Innovative information and communication technology, it is argued, may contribute substantially to improving the design and implementation of migrant surveys, and digital trace data may complement traditional data sources in promising ways. These claims are substantiated in nine contributions, all of which are based on first-hand experience with data collection and processing. Some chapters discuss innovative strategies for improving sample designs and resolving survey design issues, whereas others address the emerging role of large-scale datasets that were generated for reasons alien to migration research.
Conclusion: Migration Research in Times of Ubiquitous Digitization
Authors: Rinken Sebastian , Pötzschke Steffen 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this concluding chapter, the book’s editors stress the epochal status of the digital revolution and urge migration scholars to leverage innovative information and communication technology for enhancing their research designs. New technological options may contribute significantly to improving the viability and quality of researcher-defined data collections, yet their full potential comes to bear with regard to massive datasets generated by third parties, such as digital trace data. Since the center of gravity of social studies is predicted to shift increasingly towards the repurposing of such accrued data, migration researchers are advised to seek close cooperation with data scientists. In addition to methodological pluralism and interdisciplinary collaboration, the editors emphasize the need for ethical safeguards and accountability as major challenges this ongoing transformation entails.
SDG-16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
Authors: Küfeoğlu Sinan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInstitutions and organisations must give due importance to the rule of law, the sanctity of human rights and the effect of stability to ensure sustainable development. SDG-16, Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, aims to strengthen justice and strong corporate culture to achieve sustainable development and social peace. Greatly reducing crime and conflict through justice and strong institutions, upholding the rule of law and strengthening the presence of developing countries in global governance institutions are essential topics for SDG-16. This chapter presents the business models of eight companies and use cases that employ emerging technologies and create value in SDG-16. We should highlight that one use case can be related to more than one SDG and it can make use of multiple emerging technologies.
Digitale Transformation bei der Wacker Chemie AG
Authors: Burckhardt F. , Mirlach T. , Auer U. , Ziegler U. , Floetgen R. J. , Riasanow T. , Krcmar H. 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungAngetrieben von den Trends der Nachhaltigkeit, der Digitalisierung und der fortschrittlichen Fertigungstechnologien, steht die Chemieindustrie ähnlich wie andere Branchen zunehmend vor strategischen und strukturellen Herausforderungen. Um diese zu bewältigen, bedarf es einer engen Verzahnung von produktiven und nicht produktiven Leistungen sowie einer Veränderung der internen Wertschöpfung. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, am Beispiel der Wacker Chemie AG den Unterschied zwischen der organisatorischen Wertschöpfung der internen IT-Abteilung des Unternehmens vor und während der Einführung der Initiative der digitalen Transformation zu analysieren und visualisieren. Dazu werden anhand von zehn Experteninterviews mit Führungskräften die zentralen Erfolgsdimensionen der digitalen Transformation bei Wacker ermittelt, die sich auf strategische, technologische und kulturelle Erfolgsfaktoren eingrenzen lassen. Aufbauend auf einer wertorientierten Sichtweise, werden in diesem Beitrag zwei Wertschöpfungsnetzwerke vorgestellt, die die Wacker-internen Wertströme zwischen den bestehenden Einheiten vor der Einführung sowie zwischen diesen und den neu geschaffenen Einheiten während der Initiative abdecken. Um dem Vorstand einen strukturierten Ansatz zur Bewertung des Nutzens dieser Initiativen zu bieten, führen wir außerdem eine Enterprise Value Map ein. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Transformation und die dabei durchgeführten Projekte zur Etablierung engerer Kommunikations- und Entwicklungskanäle zwischen Business und IT führen. Zusätzlich wird die statische Sichtweise einer isolierten IT-Abteilung zu einer stärker service- und kundenorientierten Einheit aufgebrochen. Darüber hinaus zeigt die Value Map, dass die analysierten Initiativen direkt zur Umsatzsteigerung und Kostensenkung bei Wacker beitragen und darüber hinaus einen positiven Einfluss auf die Erwartungen der externen Stakeholder an das gesamte Unternehmen haben. Weitere Forschungsinitiativen auf diesem Gebiet können das entwickelte e3-value-Modell und die Value Map für weitere, vertiefende Studien nutzen. Chemiekonzerne können unsere Erkenntnisse als Unterstützung bei ihrer digitalen Transformationsinitiative nutzen und vor allem als Anregung für interne Veränderungen der Wertströme aufgreifen, um ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit in einer zunehmend digitalisierten Industrie zu sichern.
Analyse des Weaningprozesses bei Intensivpatienten im Hinblick auf Dokumentation und Verlegung in weiterbehandelnde Einheiten
Authors: Kippnich Maximilian , Skazel Tobias , Klingshirn Hanna , Gerken Laura , Heuschmann Peter , Haas Kirsten , Schutzmeier Martha , Brandstetter Lilly , Weismann Dirk , Reuschenbach Bernd , Meybohm Patrick , Wurmb Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Die Entwöhnung von Beatmungsgeräten wird nicht immer auf der primär behandelnden Intensivstation abgeschlossen. Die Weiterverlegung in andere Behandlungseinrichtungen stellt einen sensiblen Abschnitt in der Behandlung und Rehabilitation des Weaningpatienten dar. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung des Überleitungsmanagements und des Interhospitaltransfers von Weaningpatienten unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Dokumentationsqualität.

Methodik
Es erfolge eine retrospektive Datenanalyse eines Jahrs (2018) auf 2 Intensivstationen eines Universitätsklinikums. Eingeschlossen wurden alle beatmeten Patienten mit folgenden Tracerdiagnosen: COPD, Asthma, Polytrauma, Pneumonie, Sepsis, ARDS und Reanimation (Beatmung > 24 h).

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt konnten 750 Patienten in die Untersuchung eingeschlossen werden (Alter 64 [52, 8–76; Median, IQR]; 32 % weiblich). Davon waren 48 (6,4 %) Patienten zum Zeitpunkt der Verlegung nicht entwöhnt (v. a. Sepsis und ARDS). Die Routinedokumentation war bei den Abschnitten „Spontaneous Breathing Trial“, „Bewertung der Entwöhungsbereitschaft“ und „vermutete Entwöhnbarkeit“ ausreichend, um die Erfüllung der Parameter der S2k-Leitlinie „Prolongiertes Weaning“ adäquat zu beurteilen. Vorwiegend wurden diese Patienten mit Tracheostoma (76 %) in Rehabilitationskliniken (44 %) mittels spezialisierten Rettungsmitteln des arztbegleiteten Patiententransports verlegt (75 %).

Diskussion
Die Verlegung nicht entwöhnter Patienten nach initialem Intensivaufenthalt ist ein relevantes Thema für den Interhospitaltransfer. Die Routinedokumentation eines strukturierten Weaningprozesses ist in Kernelementen ausreichend, um den Weaningprozess lückenlos zu beschreiben. Dies ist für die Kontinuität in der Weiterbehandlung dieser Patienten von großer Bedeutung.
3D printing in fracture treatment
Authors: Fang Christian , Cai Leyi , Chu Gabriel , Jarayabhand Rahat , Kim Ji Wan , O’Neill Gavin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of 3D printing in orthopedic trauma is supported by clinical evidence. Existing computed tomography (CT) data are exploited for better stereotactic identification of morphological features of the fracture and enhanced surgical planning. Due to complex logistic, technical and resource constraints, deployment of 3D printing is not straightforward from the hospital management perspective. As a result not all trauma surgeons are able to confidently integrate 3D printing into the daily practice. We carried out an expert panel survey on six trauma units which utilized 3D printing routinely. The most frequent indications are acetabular and articular fractures and malalignments. Infrastructure and manpower structure varied between units. The installation of industrial grade machines and dedicated software as well as the use of trained personnel can enhance the capacity and reliability of fracture treatment. Setting up interdisciplinary jointly used 3d printing departments with sound financial and management structures may improve sustainability. The sometimes substantial logistic and technical barriers which impede the rapid delivery of 3D printed models are discussed.
Identifying self-admitted technical debt in issue tracking systems using machine learning
Authors: Li Yikun , Soliman Mohamed , Avgeriou Paris 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTechnical debt is a metaphor indicating sub-optimal solutions implemented for short-term benefits by sacrificing the long-term maintainability and evolvability of software. A special type of technical debt is explicitly admitted by software engineers (e.g. using a TODO comment); this is called Self-Admitted Technical Debt or SATD. Most work on automatically identifying SATD focuses on source code comments. In addition to source code comments, issue tracking systems have shown to be another rich source of SATD, but there are no approaches specifically for automatically identifying SATD in issues. In this paper, we first create a training dataset by collecting and manually analyzing 4,200 issues (that break down to 23,180 sections of issues) from seven open-source projects (i.e., Camel, Chromium, Gerrit, Hadoop, HBase, Impala, and Thrift) using two popular issue tracking systems (i.e., Jira and Google Monorail). We then propose and optimize an approach for automatically identifying SATD in issue tracking systems using machine learning. Our findings indicate that: 1) our approach outperforms baseline approaches by a wide margin with regard to the F1-score; 2) transferring knowledge from suitable datasets can improve the predictive performance of our approach; 3) extracted SATD keywords are intuitive and potentially indicating types and indicators of SATD; 4) projects using different issue tracking systems have less common SATD keywords compared to projects using the same issue tracking system; 5) a small amount of training data is needed to achieve good accuracy.
The unbearable lightness of the personal, explanatory level
Authors: Williams Heath 
Published: July 2022

AbstractI begin this paper by demonstrating that there is a perceived overlap between phenomenology and the personal level. This perception has recently played a decisive role in evaluating phenomenological contributions to discussions within cognitive science, for example, on topics of social cognition. In this paper, I aim not only to understand what might be meant by associating phenomenology with the personal level, but to cast this association in a critical light. I show that the personal level is essentially an explanatory level, whereby perceptions and mental state terms (paradigmatically, belief and desire) explain purposive action. I then separate the notion of consciousness from the notion of the personal level. To do so, I advance Wittgenstein’s private language argument in conjunction with Sellars’ account of how the meaning of mental state terms derives from their explanatory function. Using the Wittgenstinian/Sellarsian picture as guide, I show that characterising personal level explanations by reference to conscious experiences imputes excess baggage over and above the commitment to a unique explanatory level. Yet, for many, ‘phenomenology’ is the level of conscious experience. I argue that it is when the extra baggage of assuming that we are aware of our explanatory, personal level mental states is coupled with the controversial claim that phenomenology is tantamount to the verbalisation of conscious states that the ill begotten association between them is arises.
The Ethics of Medical Sexual Health Education and Its Provision
Authors: Gordon Elisabeth 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this paper is to open a discussion of the ethics of medical sexual health education (SHE) and its provision in medical education. The paper utilizes a qualitative analysis of currently available literature on medical SHE and a medical ethics framework of the four prima facie principles of (1) respect for autonomy, (2) beneficence, (3) non-maleficence, and (4) justice, together with expert opinion. The result is a review of the ethics of medical SHE as well as the ethics of the decision to provide, or not to provide, comprehensive SHE.

Recent Findings
Recent literature has underscored the many ways in which comprehensive medical SHE supports trainees’ ability to provide sexual health care and improve their delivery of general health care, as well as the many ways sexual health is correlated with systemic health. The literature also provides evidence that the provision of comprehensive SHE is limited in undergraduate and graduate medical education. There is a dearth of literature specifically examining the ethics of medical SHE provision.

Summary
This analysis demonstrates the ways in which comprehensive medical SHE and its provision conforms with the principles of the ethical practice of medicine. The analysis also supports that a lack of inclusion of SHE in medical education programs may be a violation of these principles and increases the risk of future unethical practice by medical professionals.
MESH Headings: Ethics, Medical, Social justice, Sexual health, Sexuality, Human, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Education, Medical, Graduate
Marktvaccinaties in Rotterdam
Authors: Merkelbach Inge , Sana Shakib , Magnée Tessa , Kocken Paul , Peeters Robin , Denktaș Semiha 
Published: July 2022

SamenvattingDe COVID-19-vaccinatiegraad in Nederland is niet gelijk verdeeld: in sommige wijken blijft de vaccinatiegraad achter. Dat leidt tot individuele gezondheidsrisico’s en belasting van de zorgketen. Een verklaring hiervoor is dat een gelijke aanpak (equality-aanpak) niet altijd tot gelijke uitkomsten leidt, terwijl er op landelijk niveau wel gekozen is voor een algemene voorlichtingscampagne. Wij bepleiten daarom het inzetten van de equity-aanpak, zoals door de WHO gedefinieerd, gericht op het behalen van gelijke resultaten door in te spelen op de specifieke behoeften van kwetsbare groepen. Als voorbeeld beschrijven we een Rotterdamse interventie, waarbij Rotterdamse (huis)artsen het initiatief namen informatie over vaccins en vaccinatie aan te bieden op de drukbezochte markten van Rotterdam. Aan de hand van interviews met betrokken medische vrijwilligers schetsen wij daarnaast enkele randvoorwaarden voor het succesvol inzetten van een dergelijke op outreach gebaseerde aanpak en doen we enkele praktische aanbevelingen.
Predicting shear wave velocity from conventional well logs with deep and hybrid machine learning algorithms
Authors: Rajabi Meysam , Hazbeh Omid , Davoodi Shadfar , Wood David A. , Tehrani Pezhman Soltani , Ghorbani Hamzeh , Mehrad Mohammad , Mohamadian Nima , Rukavishnikov Valeriy S. , Radwan Ahmed E. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Shear wave velocity (VS) data from sedimentary rock sequences is a prerequisite for implementing most mathematical models of petroleum engineering geomechanics. Extracting such data by analyzing finite reservoir rock cores is very costly and limited. The high cost of sonic dipole advanced wellbore logging service and its implementation in a few wells of a field has placed many limitations on geomechanical modeling. On the other hand, shear wave velocity VS tends to be nonlinearly related to many of its influencing variables, making empirical correlations unreliable for its prediction. Hybrid machine learning (HML) algorithms are well suited to improving predictions of such variables. Recent advances in deep learning (DL) algorithms suggest that they too should be useful for predicting VS for large gas and oil field datasets but this has yet to be verified. In this study, 6622 data records from two wells in the giant Iranian Marun oil field (MN#163 and MN#225) are used to train HML and DL algorithms. 2072 independent data records from another well (MN#179) are used to verify the VS prediction performance based on eight well-log-derived influencing variables. Input variables are standard full-set recorded parameters in conventional oil and gas well logging data available in most older wells. DL predicts VS for the supervised validation subset with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.055 km/s and coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9729. It achieves similar prediction accuracy when applied to an unseen dataset. By comparing the VS prediction performance results, it is apparent that the DL convolutional neural network model slightly outperforms the HML algorithms tested. Both DL and HLM models substantially outperform five commonly used empirical relationships for calculating VS from Vp relationships when applied to the Marun Field dataset. Concerns regarding the model's integrity and reproducibility were also addressed by evaluating it on data from another well in the field. The findings of this study can lead to the development of knowledge of production patterns and sustainability of oil reservoirs and the prevention of enormous damage related to geomechanics through a better understanding of wellbore instability and casing collapse problems.

Graphical abstract
Frailty, appendicular lean mass, osteoporosis and osteosarcopenia in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Davenport Andrew 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction
The pattern of chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is changing with increasing numbers of elderly patients now treated by dialysis. The risk of falls and bone fractures increases with frailty and sarcopenia. As such we wished to review the association between osteoporosis and frailty and loss of appendicular lean mass (ALM).

Methods
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were defined according to T scores. ALM was indexed to height (ALMI). Frailty was classified using the clinical frailty scale (CFS).

Results
DXA scans from 573 patients, 57.8% male, 36.8% diabetic, mean age 61.0 ± 15.8 years, with a median 6.0 (2–20) months of treatment with PD were reviewed. Forty-two (7.3%) were classified as clinically frail, 115 (20%) osteoporotic, and 198 (34.6%) ALMI meeting sarcopenic criteria, with 43% of osteoporotic patients being osteosarcopenic. In a multivariable model, femoral neck BMD was associated with weight, standardised β (St β) 0.29, p = 0.004, ALM St β 0.11, p = 0.03 and Black vs other ethnicities St β 0.19, p = 0.02, and negatively with age St β −0.24, p < 0.001, and frailty St β −2.1, p = 0.04. Z scores (adjusted for gender and age) were associated with ALMI (r = 0.18, p < 0.001).

Discussion
Osteoporosis is increasing with the numbers of elderly dialysis patients. As frailty and sarcopenia increase with age, then the risk of falls and bone fractures increases with osteosarcopenia. Whether interventions with exercise and nutrition can improve bone heath remains to be determined.

Graphical abstract