bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penile Diseases and Dysmorphisms (Phimosis, Frenulum, Micropenis, and Buried Penis)
Authors: Spilotros Marco , Ambruoso Fabio Michele 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAim of this chapter is to give a glance to conditions classified within penile disease and dysmorphism. Balanitis and balanoposthitis, phymosis, and short frenulum are fairly common conditions that an andrologist faces every day while buried penis and micropenis present a lower incidence and may require not only a urological approach but also plastic surgery skills.
Descriptive Accuracy in Explanations: The Case of Probabilistic Classifiers
Authors: Albini Emanuele , Rago Antonio , Baroni Pietro , Toni Francesca 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA user receiving an explanation for outcomes produced by an artificially intelligent system expects that it satisfies the key property of descriptive accuracy (DA), i.e. that the explanation contents are in correspondence with the internal working of the system. Crucial as this property appears to be, it has been somehow overlooked in the XAI literature to date. To address this problem, we consider the questions of formalising DA and of analysing its satisfaction by explanation methods. We provide formal definitions of naive, structural and dialectical DA, using the family of probabilistic classifiers as the context for our analysis. We evaluate the satisfaction of our given notions of DA by several explanation methods, amounting to two popular feature-attribution methods from the literature and a novel form of explanation that we propose and complement our analysis with experiments carried out on a varied selection of concrete probabilistic classifiers.
Five-loop anomalous dimensions of ϕQ operators in a scalar theory with O(N) symmetry
Authors: Jin Qingjun , Li Yi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We compute the complete Q-dependence of anomalous dimensions of traceless symmetric tensor operator ϕQ in O(N) scalar theory to five-loop. The renormalization factors are extracted from ϕQ→ Qϕ form factors, and the integrand of form factors are constructed with the help of unitarity cut method. The anomalous dimensions match the known results in [1, 2], where the leading and subleading terms in the large Q limit were obtained using a semiclassical method.
Seltene Erkrankungen und Digitalisierung im Kontext des Nationalen Aktionsbündnisses für Menschen mit Seltenen Erkrankungen (NAMSE)
Authors: Wessel Theda , Heuing Katharina , Schlangen Miriam , Schnieders Birgit , Algermissen Markus 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungMenschen mit Seltenen Erkrankungen stehen im Gesundheitssystem vor besonderen Herausforderungen. Die Seltenheit der einzelnen Erkrankungen erschwert aus strukturellen, medizinischen und ökonomischen Gründen sowohl die medizinische Versorgung als auch die Forschung zu den entsprechenden Themen. Im Jahr 2010 wurde das Nationale Aktionsbündnis für Menschen mit Seltenen Erkrankungen (NAMSE) auf Initiative des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit gemeinsam mit dem Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und der Allianz Chronischer Seltener Erkrankungen sowie 25 weiteren Bündnispartnern ins Leben gerufen. Das NAMSE ist seitdem die zentrale Koordinierungs- und Kommunikationsplattform für Menschen mit Seltenen Erkrankungen in Deutschland und hat das Ziel, die gesundheitliche Situation der Betroffenen zu verbessern.Wesentliche im NAMSE konsentierte Bedarfe an die Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen betreffen insbesondere die Vernetzung von Versorgungseinrichtungen, die Generierung von Wissen für die Forschung und die Verbreitung von Informationen. Zielsetzung ist dabei ein gemeinsamer und sicherer Datenraum mit interoperablen Praxis- und Klinikinformationssystemen und einheitlichen semantischen Standards. Der präzisen Kodierung von Seltenen Erkrankungen kommt dabei eine besondere Bedeutung zu.In den kommenden Jahren müssen wichtige bereits angestoßene Prozesse im Sinne der Betroffenen gestaltet und begleitet werden. Dazu gehören unter anderem die deutsche Genominitiative genomDE, die elektronische Patientenakte und die Vernetzung im europäischen Raum. Damit die vielfältigen Initiativen und Projekte ineinandergreifen können, bedarf es klarer Zielsetzungen im Rahmen eines digitalen Gesamtkonzeptes, für welches das NAMSE wichtige Beiträge leistet.
Seltene Erkrankungen in den Daten sichtbar machen – Kodierung
Authors: Martin Tamara , Rommel Kathrin , Thomas Carina , Eymann Jutta , Kretschmer Tanita , Berner Reinhard , Lee-Kirsch Min Ae , Hebestreit Helge 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungSeltene Erkrankungen (SE) werden durch die im deutschen Gesundheitssystem verwendete Diagnosenklassifikation ICD-10-GM (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health problems, 10th Revision, German Modification) nur zu einem kleinen Teil eindeutig erfasst. Daher sind Aussagen zur Häufigkeit von SE sowie zum speziellen Versorgungs- und Finanzierungsbedarf nicht möglich, was zu einer lückenhaften Datenlage als Entscheidungsgrundlage für Krankenkassen, Leistungserbringer und Gesundheitspolitik führt. Das Fehlen exakter Informationen behindert auch die wissenschaftliche Arbeit. Daher wird deutschlandweit ab 2023 die Verwendung der Alpha-ID-SE-Datei und der ORPHAcodes für die spezifische Erfassung von SE bei stationären Fällen verpflichtend.Die Alpha-ID-SE-Datei verknüpft die ICD-10-GM-Kodes mit den international anerkannten ORPHAcodes für die Diagnose von SE. Kommerzielle Anbieter stellen zunehmend die benötigten IT-Tools zur Kodierung von SE zur Verfügung. An mehreren Universitätskliniken mit Zentren für SE wurden Lösungen etabliert, die eine vollständige Kodierung gewährleisten sollen. Hierzu gehören finanzielle Anreize für die kodierenden Bereiche, konkrete Nachfragen nach dem Vorliegen einer SE beim Kodiervorgang und eine semiautomatische Kodierung bei Patient*innen, die schon einmal mit einer SE an der Einrichtung betreut worden waren. Eine Kombination der verschiedenen Ansätze verspricht die höchste Wahrscheinlichkeit einer vollständigen Kodierung.Für ein umfängliches Bild der SE im Gesundheitssystem und um dem speziellen Versorgungs- und Finanzierungsbedarf besser Rechnung tragen zu können, wäre auch im ambulanten Bereich eine möglichst spezifische und eindeutige Kodierung wünschenswert. Für komplexe SE und bisher undiagnostizierte Patient*innen wird zusätzlich eine strukturierte Erfassung des Phänotyps benötigt.
Transkulturelle deutschsprachige Übersetzung des Fragebogens Reflux Symptom Score-12
Authors: Bruhn Johanna , Brockmann-Bauser M. , Swing Tyler , Bohlender Jörg E. , Runggaldier Daniel 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungBei der Diagnostik des laryngopharyngealen Refluxes (LPR) spielen neben einer anamnestischen und klinischen bzw. apparativen Beurteilung auch Fragebögen zur detaillierten Erfassung der Symptomatik eine wesentliche Rolle. Neben dem Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), dem bekanntesten LPR-Symptomfragebogen, wurde kürzlich auch ein neuer Fragebogen, „Reflux Symptom Score“ (RSS), sowie eine kürzere Version, der Reflux Symptom Score 12 (RSS-12), veröffentlicht. Letzterer ist allerdings nur in englischer, französischer und portugiesischer Sprache verfügbar, ermöglicht jedoch eine wesentlich genauere Differenzierung der Symptomatik unter Einbeziehung von Symptomstärke, Häufigkeit des Auftretens von Beschwerden sowie der refluxbezogenen Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher, eine entsprechende transkulturelle deutschsprachige Übersetzung des RSS-12 (aktuell nun als G‑RSS-12 bezeichnet) mit Verständlichkeitstestung vorzustellen, um den klinischen und wissenschaftlichen Einsatz dieses Fragebogens auch im deutschsprachigen Raum zu ermöglichen.
Association between obstetric mode of delivery and emotional and behavioural problems in children and adolescents: the children of the 90s health study
Authors: Dachew Berihun Assefa , Tessema Gizachew A. , Alati Rosa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Existing evidence on the relationship between mode of delivery and offspring emotional and behavioural problems, especially in older age groups, is limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the association between obstetric mode of delivery and emotional and behavioural problems in offspring aged 3–16 years.

Methods
The sample for this study comprised participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in the United Kingdom. The study cohort ranged from 7074 (at 3 years of age) to 4071 (at 16 years of age) mother–offspring pairs. Data on obstetric mode of delivery were abstracted from obstetric records by trained research midwives and classified as spontaneous vaginal delivery, assisted vaginal delivery and caesarean delivery (elective and emergency). Offspring emotional and behavioural problems were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) when the child was 3, 7, 9, 11, and 16 years. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations.

Results
Assisted vaginal delivery was associated with an increased risk of emotional problems at age 11 years (OR = 1.42; 95% CI 1.11–1.81). No significant associations were observed at ages 3, 7, 9 and 16. We found no evidence of associations between caesarean delivery (elective or emergency) and emotional and behavioural measures in offspring across all age groups.

Conclusion
Mode of delivery does not appear to be associated with emotional and behavioural problems in children and adolescents. Further research is needed to understand the potential longer-term effects of assisted vaginal deliveries on offspring emotional development.
Indirect effects of cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus on fish grazing per reef area and benthic community structure
Authors: Grutter A. S. , Bejarano S. , Sun D. , Mumby P. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGrazing fishes farm algae, and consume algae, detritus and sediment and consequently differentially modify benthic communities. Manipulations of cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus on reefs show that cleaners affect fish abundance differently according to grazer functional group. Accordingly, whether reefs are grazed differently, with consequences for the benthos (fouling material tile−1), was tested using reefs kept free of L. dimidiatus for 10 years compared with undisturbed control reefs. We recorded on video the grazing density (bites tile−1 h−1 reef−1) on settlement tiles and the natural benthos (roving fishes only), according to territorial algal farmer (Pomacentridae) and roving grazer (Acanthuridae, Labridae, Siganidae) functional groups, and measured the accumulation of fouling material tile−1 after 10 months. Grazing density on tiles (dominated by ‘indeterminate’ farmers, and roving ‘sediment-removing’ detritivore Ctenochaetus striatus) and the natural benthos (dominated by Ct. striatus and other grazers) was not measurably affected by cleaner presence. The composition of fouling material (dominated by detritus > turf algae > sediment > other) and organic and inorganic dry weight of material tile−1 were also not measurably affected by cleaner presence. This points to resilience of the benthic community to loss of cleaners. The likely complex interactions between cleaner fish presence, grazer abundance and mobility, and the often-opposite effects of territorial farmers and roving grazers on the benthos underscore the challenge in determining indirect effects of cleaners on benthic community structure. However, a lack of cleaners has negative ramifications for fish populations and physiology and thus their loss remains problematic for client fishes.
Association of lumbar vertebral bone marrow and paraspinal muscle fat composition with intervertebral disc degeneration: 3T quantitative MRI findings from the population-based KORA study
Authors: Jung Matthias , Rospleszcz Susanne , Löffler Maximilian T. , Walter Sven S. , Maurer Elke , Jungmann Pia M. , Peters Annette , Nattenmüller Johanna , Schlett Christopher L. , Bamberg Fabian , Kiefer Lena S. , Diallo Thierno D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective
To assess the association of lumbar bone marrow adipose tissue fat fraction (BMAT-FF) and paraspinal muscle proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and their interplay with intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD).

Methods
In this retrospective cross-sectional study based on a prospective population-based cohort, BMAT-FF and PDFF of asymptomatic individuals were calculated based on 3T-MRI dual-echo and multi-echo Dixon VIBE sequences. IVDD was assessed at motion segments L1 to L5 and dichotomized based on Pfirrmann grade ≥ 4 and/or presence of other severe degenerative changes or spinal abnormalities at least at one segment. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated for BMAT-FF and PDFF. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models for IVDD were calculated.

Results
Among 335 participants (mean age: 56.2 ± 9.0 years, 43.3% female), the average BMI was 27.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2 and the prevalence of IVDD was high (69.9%). BMAT-FF and PDFF were significantly correlated (r = 0.31–0.34; p < 0.001). The risk for IVDD increased with higher PDFF (OR = 1.45; CI 1.03, 2.04) and BMAT-FF (OR = 1.56; CI 1.16, 2.11). Pairwise combinations of PDFF and BMAT-FF quartiles revealed a lower risk for IVDD in individuals in the lowest BMAT-FF and PDFF quartile (OR = 0.21; CI 0.1, 0.48). Individuals in the highest BMAT-FF and PDFF quartile showed an increased risk for IVDD (OR = 5.12; CI 1.17, 22.34)

Conclusion
Lumbar BMAT-FF and paraspinal muscle PDFF are correlated and represent both independent and additive risk factors for IVDD. Quantitative MRI measurements of paraspinal myosteatosis and vertebral bone marrow fatty infiltration may serve as imaging biomarkers to assess the individual risk for IVDD.

Key Points
• Fat composition of the lumbar vertebral bone marrow is positively correlated with paraspinal skeletal muscle fat.
• Higher fat-fractions of lumbar vertebral bone marrow and paraspinal muscle are both independent as well as additive risk factors for intervertebral disc degeneration.
• Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging measurements of bone marrow and paraspinal muscle may serve as imaging biomarkers for intervertebral disc degeneration.
The effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and circulating adiponectin and leptin concentration in subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a GRADE-assessed systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Naseri Kaveh , Saadati Saeede , Ghaemi Farahnaz , Ashtary-Larky Damoon , Asbaghi Omid , Sadeghi Amir , Afrisham Reza , de Courten Barbora 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Probiotics or synbiotics consumption have been suggested to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through a decline in inflammation and oxidative stress, however, the results from studies are conflicting. This study filled this knowledge gap by evaluating randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating probiotics or synbiotics intake on adipokines, inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with prediabetes and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
We systematically did search up to March 2022 in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane library. A random-effect model was applied to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each outcome.

Results
A total of 32 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. This intervention led to a significant decrease in levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD − 0.62 mg/l; 95% CI − 0.80, − 0.44; p < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (WMD − 0.27 pg/ml; 95% CI − 0.44, − 0.10; p = 0.002) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (WMD − 0.51 µmol/l; 95% CI − 0.73, − 0.30; p < 0.001), and also a significant increase in levels of glutathione (GSH) (WMD 69.80 µmol/l; 95% CI 33.65, 105.95; p < 0.001), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (WMD 73.59 mmol/l; 95% CI 33.24, 113.95; p < 0.001) and nitric oxide (NO) (WMD 7.49 µmol/l; 95% CI 3.12, 11.86; p = 0.001), without significant alterations in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adipokines levels.

Conclusion
A consumption of probiotics or synbiotics could be a useful intervention to improve cardiometabolic outcomes through a reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with prediabetes and T2DM.
Guideline concordant therapy improves survival in high-grade endometrial cancer patients
Authors: Scharl Sophia , Sprötge Tim , Gerken Michael , Scharl Anton , Ortmann Olaf , Kölbl Oliver , Klinkhammer‑Schalke Monika , Papathemelis Thomas 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Data from randomized controlled trials in high-grade endometrial cancer are scarce due to its low prevalence. Therefore, guideline recommendations in this cancer subtype rely on relatively few randomized trials and data from retrospective studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits from guideline-concordant therapy in high-grade endometrial cancer in a real-world patient group.

Methods
The effect of treatment according to German S3 guidelines and the former S2k guideline on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was evaluated in a cohort of 293 high-grade endometrial cancer patients.

Results
Treatment concordant with the S3 guideline significantly improved OS (HR 0.623, CI 0.420–0.923, p = 0.018) and RFS (HR 0.578, CI 0.387–0.863, p = 0.007). Treatment concordant with the S2k guideline did not result in a significantly higher OS (HR 0.783, CI 0.465–1.316, p = 0.335) or RFS (HR 0.741, CI 0.347–1.740, p = 0.242).

Conclusion
Therapy according to the German S3 guideline improved OS and RFS in univariate as well as multivariate analysis in this cohort of high-grade endometrial cancer patients.
Cancer care in German centers of excellence during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Arndt Volker , Doege Daniela , Fröhling Stefan , Albers Peter , Algül Hana , Bargou Ralf , Bokemeyer Carsten , Bornhäuser Martin , Brandts Christian H. , Brossart Peter , Brucker Sara Yvonne , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Döhner Hartmut , Gattermann Norbert , Hallek Michael , Heinemann Volker , Keilholz Ulrich , Kindler Thomas , von Levetzow Cornelia , Lordick Florian , Neumann Ulf Peter , Peters Christoph , Schadendorf Dirk , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Zander Thomas , Zips Daniel , Braun Delia , Seufferlein Thomas , Nettekoven Gerd , Baumann Michael 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose
An increasing number of international studies demonstrate serious negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the timely diagnosis of cancer and on cancer treatment. Our study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the capacities of German Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCCs) in different areas of complex oncology care during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Prospective panel survey over 23 rounds among 18 CCCs in Germany between March 2020 and June 2022.

Results
The COVID-19 pandemic substantially affected the oncological care system in Germany during the first 2 years. Persistent limitations of care in CCCs primarily affected follow-up (− 21%) and psycho-oncologic care (− 12%), but also tumor surgery (− 9%). Substantial limitations were also reported for all other areas of multidisciplinary oncological care.

Conclusions
This study documents the limitations of oncological care during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlights the need to develop strategies to avoid similar limitations in the future.
Effects of Schroth method and core stabilization exercises on idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dimitrijević Vanja , Viduka Dejan , Šćepanović Tijana , Maksimović Nebojša , Giustino Valerio , Bianco Antonino , Drid Patrik 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Conservative approaches such as Schroth exercises and core stabilization exercises showed effective results in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. This study aimed to critically evaluate the magnitude effect of Schroth and core stabilization exercises using a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
This study has been developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. The following three databases were searched for articles collection: Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The key search terms were: Schroth exercise, core exercise, idiopathic scoliosis, Cobb angle, angle of trunk rotation, and quality of life. The articles included in our study was limited to original articles written only in English that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) Participants with idiopathic scoliosis; (2) Schroth exercises and core stabilization exercises used as interventions; (3) Cobb angle or angle of trunk rotation or quality of life used as outcome measures.

Results
Thirteen studies were included. Depending on the outcome measured, the magnitude effect of Schroth and core stabilization exercises ranged from small to almost large as follows: Cobb angle (SMD = – 0.376, p ˂ 0.001); angle of trunk rotation (SMD = – 0.268, p = 0.104); quality of life (SMD = 0.774, p = 0.002). By subgroup analysis, Schroth method showed a larger effect size than core stabilization exercises.

Conclusion
The current systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that both Schroth method and core stabilization exercises have a positive effect in subjects with idiopathic scoliosis. Subgroup analysis showed that the Schroth method had a larger effect size than the core stabilization exercises.
Kinetin induces microtubular breakdown, cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells
Authors: Kaźmierczak Andrzej , Siatkowska Ewa , Li Ruoxi , Bothe Sophie , Nick Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPlant cells can undergo regulated cell death in response to exogenous factors (often in a stress context), but also as regular element of development (often regulated by phytohormones). The cellular aspects of these death responses differ, which implies that the early signalling must be different. We use cytokinin-induced programmed cell death as paradigm to get insight into the role of the cytoskeleton for the regulation of developmentally induced cell death, using tobacco BY-2 cells as experimental model. We show that this PCD in response to kinetin correlates with an arrest of the cell cycle, a deregulation of DNA replication, a loss of plasma membrane integrity, a subsequent permeabilisation of the nuclear envelope, an increase of cytosolic calcium correlated with calcium depletion in the culture medium, an increase of callose deposition and the loss of microtubule and actin integrity. We discuss these findings in the context of a working model, where kinetin, mediated by calcium, causes the breakdown of the cytoskeleton, which, either by release of executing proteins or by mitotic catastrophe, will result in PCD.