bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene variation impact on prostate cancer progression: Lymphocyte modulator, activation, and cell adhesion gene variant contribution
Authors: Casadó‐Llombart Sergi , Ajami Tarek , Consuegra‐Fernández Marta , Carreras Esther , Aranda Fernando , Armiger Noelia , Alcaraz Antonio , Mengual Lourdes , Lozano Francisco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe view of prostate cancer (PCa) progression as a result of the interaction of epithelial cancer cells with the host's immune system is supported by the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). TILs fate and interaction with the tumor microenvironment is mediated by accessory molecules such as CD5 and CD6, two signal‐transducing coreceptors involved in fine‐tuning of T cell responses. While the nature of the CD5 ligand is still controversial, CD6 binds CD166/ALCAM, a cell adhesion molecule involved in progression and dissemination of epithelial cancers, including PCa. The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of CD5, CD6, and CD166/ALCAM gene variants in PCa.MethodsFunctionally relevant CD5 (rs2241002 and rs2229177), CD6 (rs17824933, rs11230563, and rs12360861) and CD166/ALCAM (rs6437585, rs579565, rs1044243, and rs35271455) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in germline DNA samples from 376 PCa patients. Their association with PCa prognostic factors, namely biochemical recurrence (BCR) and International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade was analyzed by generalized linear models and survival analyses.ResultProportional hazards regression showed that the minor CD6 rs12360861AA and CD166/ALCAM rs579565AA genotypes were associated with earlier BCR, with hazard ratios of 2.65 (95% CI: 1.39–5.05, p = 0.003) and 1.86, (95% CI: 1.02–3.39, p = 0.043), respectively. Individually, none of the analyzed SNPs was significantly associated with ISUP grade, but haplotype analyses revealed association of the CD5 rs2241002C‐rs2229177T haplotype with ISUP grade ≥2, with odds ratio of 1.52 (95% CI: 1.05–2.21, p = 0.026).ConclusionThe results show the impact on PCa aggressiveness and recurrence brought about by gene variants involved in modulation of lymphocyte activation (CD5, CD6) and immune‐epithelial cell adhesion (CD166/ALCAM) in PCa aggressiveness and recurrence, thus supporting a role for host immune response in PCa pathophysiology.
Win ratio approach for analyzing composite time‐to‐event endpoint with opposite treatment effects in its components
Authors: Liao Ran , Chakladar Sujatro , Gamalo Margaret 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in the use of win ratio with composite time‐to‐event due to its flexibility in combining component endpoints. Exploring this flexibility further, one interesting question is in assessing the impact when there is a difference in treatment effect in the component endpoints. For example, the active treatment may prolong the time to occurrence of the negative event such as death or ventilation; meanwhile, the treatment effect may also shorten the time to achieving positive events, such as recovery or improvement. Notably, this portrays a situation where the treatment effect on time to recovery is in a different direction of benefit compared to the time to ventilation or death. Under such circumstances, if a single endpoint is used, the benefit gained for other individual outcomes is not counted and is diminished. As consequence, the study may need a larger sample size to detect a significant effect of treatment. Such a scenario can be handled by win ratio in a novel way by ranking component events, which is different from the usual composite endpoint approach such as time‐to‐first event. To evaluate how the different directions of treatment effect on component endpoints will impact the win ratio analysis, we use a Clayton copula‐based bivariate survival simulation to investigate the correlation of component time‐to‐event. Through simulation, we found that compared to the marginal model using single endpoints, the win ratio analysis on composite endpoint performs better, especially when the correlation between two events is weak. Then, we applied the methodology to an infectious disease progression simulated study motivated by COVID‐19. The application demonstrates that the win ratio approach offers advantages in empirical power compared to the traditional Cox proportional hazard approach when there is a difference in treatment effect in the marginal events.
Benchmarking time‐dependent density functional theory predictions of emission spectra and CIE color: A rainbow of error
Authors: Janesko Benjamin G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractQuantum chemical simulations are increasingly applied to design fluorescent and electroluminescent molecules. Refining device properties ultimately requires going beyond predicting vertical excitation energies, to predicting full emission spectra and color. This work presents an initial benchmark of time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) approximations, applied to the emission spectrum and International Commission on Illumination (CIE) color of Pigment Red 179. This green fluorescent perylene diimide is representative of organic emitters used in organic light‐emitting diodes. Widely used DFT approximations predict a rainbow of emission colors from red to blue. Correlations between predicted electronic and vibrational level spacings produce zero‐sum errors in predictions of emission peak center versus peak shape. Even with empirical spectral shifts (“calibration”), predicted emission bandwidth and color purity is strongly functional dependent. The results motivate further development of benchmarks for CIE color, and further development of approximations possessing combined accuracy for excitation energies and ground‐ and excited‐state structures and force constants.
Earth observation for ecosystem accounting: spatially explicit national seagrass extent and carbon stock in Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and Madagascar
Authors: Traganos Dimosthenis , Pertiwi Avi Putri , Lee Chengfa Benjamin , Blume Alina , Poursanidis Dimitris , Shapiro Aurelie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSeagrass ecosystems are globally significant hot spots of blue carbon storage, coastal biodiversity and coastal protection, rendering them a so‐called natural climate solution. Their potential as a natural climate solution has been largely overlooked in national and international climate strategies and financing. This stems mainly from the lack of standardized, spatially explicit mapping and region‐specific carbon inventories. Here, we introduce a novel seagrass ecosystem accounting framework that harnesses machine learning, big satellite data analytics and open region‐specific reference data within the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform. Leveraging a biennial percentile composite, assembled from 16 453 Sentinel‐2 surface reflectance image tiles at 10‐m spatial resolution, and 20 820 reference data points, we applied the cloud‐native framework to produce the first national inventories of seagrass extent and total seagrass carbon stocks in Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and Madagascar. We estimated 4316 km2 of regional seagrass extent (mean F1‐score of 59.3% and overall accuracy of 84.3%) up to 23 m of depth. Pairing country‐specific in situ carbon data and our spatially explicit seagrass extents, we calculated total regional seagrass blue carbon stocks between 11.2–40.2 million MgC, with the largest national carbon pool in Kenya (8–29.2 million MgC). We envisage that improvements in the remote sensing components of the framework guided by a necessary influx of region‐specific data on seagrass stocks and fluxes could reduce uncertainties in our current spatially explicit ecosystem extent and carbon accounts, enhancing the incorporation of seagrasses into Multilateral Environmental Agreements for future resilient ecosystems, societies and economies.
Micromolding of Thermoplastic Polymers for Direct Fabrication of Discrete, Multilayered Microparticles
Authors: Sadeghi Ilin , Lu Xueguang , Sarmadi Morteza , Langer Robert , Jaklenec Ana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSoft lithography provides a convenient and effective method for the fabrication of microdevices with uniform size and shape. However, formation of an embossed, connective film as opposed to discrete features has been an enduring shortcoming associated with soft lithography. Removing this residual layer requires additional postprocessing steps that are often incompatible with organic materials. This limits adaptation and widespread realization of soft lithography for broader applications particularly in drug discovery and drug delivery fields. A novel and versatile approach is demonstrated that enables fabrication of discrete, multilayered, fillable, and harvestable microparticles directly from any thermoplastic polymer, even at very high molecular weights. The approach, isolated microparticle replication via surface‐segregating polymer blend mold, utilizes a random copolymer additive, designed with a highly fluorinated segment that, when blended with the mold's matrix, spontaneously orients to the surface conferring an extremely low surface energy and nonwetting properties to the template. The extremely nonwetting properties of the mold are further utilized to load soluble biologics directly into the built‐in microwells in a rapid and efficient manner using an innovative screen‐printing approach. It is believed that this approach holds promise for fabrication of large‐array, 3D, complex microstructures, and is a significant step toward clinical translation of microfabrication technologies.
Freeze‐Thawing Assisted Preparation of Acid‐Hydrolyzed Starch: Microstructure and Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Li Junhui , Deng Yuanhao , Feng Hanyi , Yuan Hao , Fang Yizhou , Yang Yunyun , Hunag Guangrong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe modification of starch by a single freeze‐thawing process and acid hydrolysis has been reported, while the combination of freeze‐thawing and acid hydrolysis on the microstructure and physicochemical properties is unknown. The present study investigates the supporting effect of freeze‐thawing pretreatment by comparing single modifications with the corresponding freeze‐thawing assisted acid hydrolyzed starch in terms of granular, physicochemical, and thermal properties. Starch samples treated by combined treatment show the most severe damage on the surface and the oil adsorptive capacity is enhanced from 69.7% to 109.4%. In addition, the solubility of starch granules is notably improved by 35.9% and the swelling power decreases by 39.7% via the combined treatment, respectively. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction indicate that in comparison with native corn starch, the chemical groups of modified starch processed by combined treatment are not altered, while the relative crystallinity significantly increases from 31.4% to 33.9%. Significant changes in the thermal effects are attributed to molecular rearrangements after hydrolysis of amylose in the amorphous regions. Therefore, the combined treatment would be an efficient and useful method to prepare functional starch.
Application of a Human-Centric Approach in Security by Design for IoT Architecture Development
Authors: Vasileva Violeta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to show the need for a comprehensive approach to studying cybersecurity in order to get a focus on both, technological factors and the human aspect in development a user level of IoT Reference Architecture. The author presents a methodology for researching the capacity of users to manage their digital identity and operate in a safe and secure cyber-physical environment. For this purpose, an approach is proposed, that is based on a defined survey research targeting personnel and individual users operating in cyber-physical environment. Based on the analysed survey results and formed observations, the paper suggests solutions for improving the competences of users in cyberspace and increase their cyber awareness. As a practical implementation of the proposed methodology, the author presents a developed Cyber Awareness platform. Its main purpose is to provide information and resources on cybersecurity and IoT security, and to be the main point of knowledge access. The portal also provides opportunities to test users’ cyber knowledge, participate in public survey related to cyber topics, share and exchange information, opinions and useful practices on cyber incidents and cyber knowledge.
Functional reduction of one-loop Feynman integrals with arbitrary masses
Authors: Tarasov O. V. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A method of functional reduction for the dimensionally regularized one-loop Feynman integrals with massive propagators is described in detail.The method is based on a repeated application of the functional relations proposed by the author. Explicit formulae are given for reducing one-loop scalar integrals to a simpler ones, the arguments of which are the ratios of polynomials in the masses and kinematic invariants. We show that a general scalar n-point integral, depending on n(n + 1)/2 generic masses and kinematic variables, can be expressed as a linear combination of integrals depending only on n variables. The latter integrals are given explicitly in terms of hypergeometric functions of (n − 1) dimensionless variables. Analytic expressions for the 2-, 3- and 4-point integrals, that depend on the minimal number of variables, were also obtained by solving the dimensional recurrence relations. The resulting expressions for these integrals are given in terms of Gauss’ hypergeometric function 2F1, the Appell function F1 and the hypergeometric Lauricella — Saran function FS. A modification of the functional reduction procedure for some special values of kinematic variables is considered.
Will the last be the first? Ranking German macroeconomic forecasters based on different criteria
Authors: Köhler Tim , Döpke Jörg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe rank the quality of German macroeconomic forecasts using various methods for 17 regular annual German economic forecasts from 14 different institutions for the period from 1993 to 2019. Using data for just one year, rankings based on different methods correlate only weakly with each other. Correlations of rankings calculated for two consecutive years and a given method are often relatively low and statistically insignificant. For the total sample, rank correlations between institutions are generally relatively high among different criteria. We report substantial long-run differences in forecasting quality, which are mostly due to distinct average forecast horizons. In the long-run, choosing the criterion to rank the forecasters is of minor importance. Rankings based on recession years and normal periods are similar. The same does hold for rankings based on real-time vs revised data.
Rigidity estimates for isometric and conformal maps from $${\mathbb {S}}^{n-1}$$ to $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$
Authors: Luckhaus Stephan , Zemas Konstantinos 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe investigate both linear and nonlinear stability aspects of rigid motions (resp. Möbius transformations) of $${\mathbb {S}}^{n-1}$$

S

n
-
1

among Sobolev maps from $${\mathbb {S}}^{n-1}$$

S

n
-
1

into $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

. Unlike similar in flavour results for maps defined on domains of $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

and mapping into $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

, not only an isometric (resp. conformal) deficit is necessary in this more flexible setting, but also a deficit measuring the distortion of $${\mathbb {S}}^{n-1}$$

S

n
-
1

under the maps in consideration. The latter is defined as an associated isoperimetric type of deficit. The focus is mostly on the case $$n=3$$

n
=
3

(where it is explained why the estimates are optimal in their corresponding settings), but we also address the necessary adaptations for the results in higher dimensions. We also obtain linear stability estimates for both cases in all dimensions. These can be regarded as Korn-type inequalities for the combination of the quadratic form associated with the isometric (resp. conformal) deficit on $${\mathbb {S}}^{n-1}$$

S

n
-
1

and the isoperimetric one.
The Duration and Determinants of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin G in Cancer Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Jiang Yao , Zhao Yingchao , Li Guiling 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPatients with cancer have an increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and a high case-fatality rate. The duration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in cancer patients following SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been reported previously. We conducted a longitudinal study at a cancer center in Wuhan, China to determine the duration of the humoral immune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients and to determine factors associated with a short duration (< 6 months) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG). Of 2139 cancer patients screened, 78 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in this study. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were present for < 6 months in 39.7% of these patients. In addition, patients who received chemotherapy were more likely to have a short duration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (odds ratio 5.31, 95% confidence interval 1.09–26.02, P < 0.05). Our study suggests that cancer patients, especially those who were receiving chemotherapy, have a shorter anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG duration following infection and therefore, should be prioritized for vaccination.
Questionnaire-based epidemiological survey of primary focal hyperhidrosis and survey on current medical management of primary axillary hyperhidrosis in Japan
Authors: Fujimoto Tomoko , Inose Yuri , Nakamura Hideki , Kikukawa Yoshinobu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo obtain current epidemiological information on primary focal hyperhidrosis in Japan, a large epidemiological survey was conducted using a web-based questionnaire. The prevalence of primary focal hyperhidrosis was 10.0% and the site-specific prevalence was highest for primary axillary hyperhidrosis (5.9%). The proportion of respondents with primary focal hyperhidrosis who had consulted a physician was 4.6%, which was similar to the low prevalence reported previously in 2013 in Japan. A questionnaire survey for physicians and individuals with primary axillary hyperhidrosis on the current medical management of primary axillary hyperhidrosis showed that physicians recognized the existence of patients who were very worried about hyperhidrosis, but failed to provide active treatment. Regarding the information provided by patients to physicians at presentation, it was found that patients failed to provide sufficient information to the physicians about their worries in daily life. Among individuals who had sought medical care with primary axillary hyperhidrosis, 62.3% reported that they were not currently receiving treatment, highlighting a challenge to be addressed regarding continued treatment. Frequently chosen options leading to willingness to receive treatment were less expensive treatment and highly effective treatment as well as feeling free to consult a physician, suggesting a desire for an improved medical environment.
Universal newborn hearing screening with automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) in Hungary: 5-year experience in diagnostics and influence on the early intervention
Authors: Gáborján Anita , Katona Gábor , Szabó Miklós , Muzsik Béla , Küstel Marianna , Horváth Mihály , Tamás László 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
In 2015 a new regulation and guidelines for the universal newborn hearing screening by AABR measurement have been implemented in Hungary. The aim of our study was to analyse (1) the past 5 years of data from our diagnostic centre about the incidence and types of congenital hearing losses, and (2) the first experiences with the National Newborn Hearing Screening Registry, started in 2019, and (3) the influence of the screening on the pediatric cochlear implant program.

Methods
1269 children referred to our diagnostic centre between 2017 and 2021 were investigated. A third AABR measurement and full audiological evaluation were performed. Furthermore, one-year period data of the screening registry, and the number of implanted children at or under the age of 3 were analysed using the national databases.

Results
Altogether 276 newborns (22% of the referred cases after the two-stage screening) had hearing loss, 134 (49%) out of them was conductive origin, almost twice frequent in male as in female. Permanent sensorineural hearing impairment was found in 142 (51%), 58 (40%) of them had bilateral, severe to profound hearing loss, occurring more frequently in male as in female. The national digital registration of the screening data within 12 months concerned 68%. The number of early cochlear implantation in one year increased from 1 to 23 children in the past 15 years.

Conclusion
A third AABR after the two-stage screening increased the efficiency and filtered the 78% false-positive cases. The audiological diagnostics verified and typed the hearing losses ensuring the early intervention.
Range shifts of overwintering birds depend on habitat type, snow conditions and habitat specialization
Authors: Bosco Laura , Xu Yanjie , Deshpande Purabi , Lehikoinen Aleksi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClimatic warming is forcing species to shift their ranges poleward, which has been demonstrated for many taxa globally. Yet, the influence of habitat types on within- and among-species variations of distribution shifts has rarely been studied, especially during the non-breeding season. Here, we investigated habitat-specific shift distances of northern range margins and directions of the distribution center based on long-term data of overwintering birds in Finland. Specifically, we explored influences of habitat type, species’ snow depth tolerance, species’ climatic niche and habitat specialization on range shifts during the past 40 years in 81 bird species. Birds overwintering in arable land shifted more clearly toward north compared to birds of the same species in rural and forest habitats, while the northern range margin shift distances did not significantly differ among the habitat types. Range shifts were more linked with the species’ snow depth tolerance rather than species’ climatic niche. Snow depth tolerance of species was negatively associated with the eastward shift direction across all habitats, while we found habitat-specific patterns with snow depth for northward shift directions and northern margin shift distances. Species with stronger habitat specializations shifted more strongly toward north as compared to generalist species, whereas the climatic niche of bird species only marginally correlated with range shifts, so that cold-dwelling species shifted longer distances and more clearly eastward. Our study reveals habitat-specific patterns linked to snow conditions for overwintering boreal birds and highlights the importance of habitat availability and preference in climate driven range shifts.