bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wastewater treatment plant effluent inputs influence the temporal variability of nutrient uptake in an intermittent stream
Authors: Castelar Sara , Bernal Susana , Ribot Miquel , Merbt Stephanie N. , Tobella Marta , Sabater Francesc , Ledesma José L. J. , Guasch Helena , Lupon Anna , Gacia Esperança , Drummond Jennifer D. , Martí Eugènia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents alter water chemistry and in-stream nutrient uptake rates of receiving freshwaters, thus changing the magnitude and fate of the nutrients exported. In Mediterranean regions, the dilution capacity of receiving streams can vary strongly over time due to the seasonal occurrence of floods and droughts, causing temporal variability of nutrient uptake. We assessed the temporal patterns and the controlling factors of net nutrient uptake in an intermittent Mediterranean stream receiving WWTP effluent inputs. We compiled the longitudinal concentration profiles of ambient dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) along a 800 m reach on 47 sampling dates between 2001 and 2017, encompassing a wide range of hydrological conditions. We estimated net nutrient uptake in the receiving stream. In 72% of the dates, high rates of net ammonium uptake co-occurred with net releases of either nitrate or nitrite. This pattern suggests that the receiving stream has a high nitrification capacity. Conversely, 75% of the dates did not show any longitudinal pattern in SRP concentration, suggesting that uptake and release processes for this element were either counterbalanced or both occurred at very low rates. Finally, net ammonium uptake was low when the stream had a low dilution capacity (< 40%) and ammonium concentration was high. Overall, we demonstrate that consideration of the receiving stream’s dilution capacity is imperative to the management of freshwaters to guarantee an adequate dilution of WWTP effluent inputs and avoid saturation of in-stream nutrient uptake capacity under low flow conditions in urban landscapes.
The Devil is in the Framework. Comment on Mizrahi vs. all Debate on the Strength of Arguments from an Expert Opinion
Authors: Makuła Szymon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn one of his papers, Moti Mizrahi argues that arguments from an expert opinion are weak arguments. His thesis may seem controversial due to the consensus on this topic in the field of informal logic. I argue that its controversy is framework-dependent, and if translated into a different framework, it appears to be a correct, however trivial, claim. I will use a framework based on Douglas Walton’s argumentation scheme theory and his conception of examination dialogue to demonstrate that it is so. It appears that Mizrahi’s idiosyncratic framework provides an excessively restrictive conception of an argument from expert opinion than Walton’s scheme does. There is no quarrel between both frameworks, as they yield analogous, almost identical, outcomes of argument evaluation. The actual and crucial disagreement is on the topic of argument classification. Mizrahi’s conception of arguments from an expert opinion imposes exact conditions that such argument must fulfil: an expert’s opinion o truth-value must be unknown; o must be unsupported by any evidence; an expert’s peers neither accept o nor reject it. These exclude, by definition, every possible strong, in Walton’s terms, variant of such an argument. Therefore, if rephrased with the notions of the examination dialogue framework, Mizrahi’s thesis sounds as follows: weak arguments from expert opinion are weak arguments.
Selbstführung und Selbstfürsorge – Leitbegriffe im Führungskräfte-Coaching?
Authors: Balz Hans-Jürgen , Heisig Marascha D. 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungMit der Stärkung der Selbstführungskompetenz und der Selbstfürsorge werden Antworten auf komplexe Führungsanforderungen und die in diesem Zusammenhang erlebten psychischen Belastungen gesucht. Der Beitrag beschreibt und vergleicht die Begriffe Selbstmanagement, Selbstführung, Selbstfürsorge und Achtsamkeit, ordnet diese in ihren theoretischen und Anwendungsbezügen ein. Es wird die Frage diskutiert, welchen Stellenwert die Konzepte im Kontext von Coaching einnehmen und inwieweit sie einen Beitrag zur Profilbildung des Führungskräfte-Coachings leisten können.
Robots do not judge: service robots can alleviate embarrassment in service encounters
Authors: Holthöwer Jana , van Doorn Jenny 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlthough robots are increasingly used in service provision, research cautions that consumers are reluctant to accept service robots. Five lab, field, and online studies reveal an important boundary condition to earlier work and demonstrate that consumers perceive robots less negatively when human social presence is the source of discomfort. We show that consumers feel less judged by a robot (vs. a human) when having to engage in an embarrassing service encounter, such as when acquiring medication to treat a sexually transmitted disease or being confronted with one’s own mistakes by a frontline employee. As a consequence, consumers prefer being served by a robot instead of a human when having to acquire an embarrassing product, and a robot helps consumers to overcome their reluctance to accept the service provider’s offering when the situation becomes embarrassing. However, robot anthropomorphism moderates the effect as consumers ascribe a higher automated social presence to a highly human-like robot (vs. machine-like robot), making consumers feel more socially judged.
Nanoindentation for Fast Investigation of PET Film Degradation
Authors: Christöfl Petra , Ottersböck Bettina , Czibula Caterina , Macher Astrid , Teichert Christian , Pinter Gerald , Oreski Gernot 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe lifetime of industrial polymer products is in many cases limited by aging. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a fast and sensitive method to detect polymer aging at an early stage. A commercially available 50-µm-thick and transparent polyethylene terephtalate (PET) film was aged under different artificial conditions, and the evolution of mechanical properties with increasing aging time was investigated via nanoindentation (NI) and tensile testing. Chemical aging was studied with gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and physical aging was monitored by the first heating of differential scanning calorimetry. NI data evaluated with the method of Oliver and Pharr was compared to tensile test data with good agreement between the results on the macro- and nanoscales. Furthermore, a correlation between NI creep data and GPC data was obtained, which indicates that the aging of the PET films primarily originated from chemical aging. This study states that NI is an appropriate method to determine degradation of PET at an early stage.
The role of affect in international opportunity recognition and the formation of international opportunity beliefs
Authors: Terán-Yépez Eduardo , Jiménez-Castillo David , Sánchez-Pérez Manuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite the significance of individual factors in how entrepreneurs recognize international opportunities either by active search or passive discovery, prior research has typically focused on cognitive aspects overlooking affect as a critical driver of this process. Drawing upon broaden-and-build and affect-as-information theories, we explore how courage, hope, fear of failure, and anticipated regret, as stable affective dispositions, can influence entrepreneurs’ active and passive international opportunity recognition (IOR). Also, based on the mental model theory, we examine whether both processes can lead entrepreneurs to differently form opportunity desirability and feasibility beliefs to judge the opportunities recognized in the foreign market. Based on data from a sample of 172 international entrepreneurs, we find that hope and anticipated regret are positively related to active IOR. Hope and courage are positively related to passive IOR, and fear of failure and anticipated regret are negatively related to passive IOR. Moreover, active IOR better informs opportunity desirability and feasibility beliefs than passive IOR, which indeed only predicts feasibility. These findings are original and novel and thus add value to the flourishing literature on the individual-level factors that influence IOR processes and the emerging literature on how international opportunity desirability and feasibility beliefs are formed to evaluate IOs.
Lower frequency of T stem cell memory (TSCM) cells in hepatitis B vaccine nonresponders
Authors: Vakili Mahsa Eshkevar , Faghih Zahra , Sarvari Jamal , Doroudchi Mehrnoosh , Hosseini Seyed Nezamedin , Kabelitz Dieter , Kalantar Kurosh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Despite the availability of an effective vaccine and antiviral treatments, hepatitis B is still a global public health problem. Hepatitis B vaccination can prevent the disease. Vaccination induces long-lasting protective immune memory, and the identification of memory cell subsets can indicate the effectiveness of vaccines. Here, we compared the frequency of CD4+ memory T cell subsets between responders and nonresponders to HB vaccination. Besides, the frequency of IFN-γ+ memory T cells was compared between studied groups. Study participants were grouped according to their anti-HBsAb titer. For restimulation of CD4+ memory T cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured in the presence of HBsAg and PHA for 48 h. Besides, PMA, ionomycin, and brefeldin were added during the last 5 h of incubation to induce IFN-γ production. Flow cytometry was used for analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of CD4+CD95+, CD4+CD95Hi, and CD4+CD95low/med T stem cell memory (TSCM) cells between responder and nonresponder groups. However, the comparison of the frequency of memory T cells producing IFN-γ showed no differences. Our results identified a possible defect of immunological CD4+ memory T cell formation in nonresponders due to their lower frequency of CD4+ TSCM cells.
Can liberal democracy survive our fervor? Signs and origins of dysfunctional democracy
Authors: Kaina Viktoria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHuman fervor is two-sided. On the bright side, it operates as the great driving-force for human progress, well-being and prosperity, gain of knowledge and pursuit of happiness. On the dark side, it motivates humans to tyranny and despotism, dogmatism and hatred, ruthlessness and cruelty. Therefore, we would be well advised to find a way of governing ourselves that prevents us from the gloomy part of human passions. Liberal democracy has been invented to be exactly such a temperate mode of governance. Recently, however, it is showing signs of dysfunctions. Facing multiple challenges, liberal democracy is in deep trouble to keep on working as intended. Human fervor, so my argument goes, generates outcomes that have detrimental impact on liberal democracy. My paper addresses two sources fostering the rise of dysfunctional democracy. First, I will deal with the bounded capability of liberal democracy to cope with “untidy” problems. Second, I will discuss several symptoms for overstrained institutions. In doing so, I will also show why liberal democracy is facing the rise of “tragic” institutions. At the outset of my paper, I will offer some considerations on the crucial question of how we recognize a dysfunctional liberal democracy when we see one.
Tunable Filters Based on Cascaded Long-Period Polymer Waveguide Gratings
Authors: Shi Xin , Cao Rui , Wang Lingfang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLong-period waveguide grating based filters have attracted attention due to their flexible fabrication, a variety of materials and structures, low back reflection, low insertion loss, and excellent performance in the tuning range and temperature sensitivity. To our knowledge, for the first time, a two-segment polymer long-period waveguide grating was cascaded to implement a filter with a narrower bandwidth. Experimental results showed that the device had a maximum extinction ratio of 24 dB at 1 577 nm, and the 12 dB bandwidth was 10 nm. The temperature sensitivity of the fabricated device was 1.79 nm/°C.
Precise control of surface oxygen vacancies in ZnO nanoparticles for extremely high acetone sensing response
Authors: Lee Jihyun , Choi Youngmoon , Park Byoung Joon , Han Jeong Woo , Lee Hyun-Sook , Park Jong Hyeok , Lee Wooyoung 
Published: April 2022

AbstractZnO has been studied intensely for chemical sensors due to its high sensitivity and fast response. Here, we present a simple approach to precisely control oxygen vacancy contents to provide significantly enhanced acetone sensing performance of commercial ZnO nanopowders. A combination of H2O2 treatment and thermal annealing produces optimal surface defects with oxygen vacancies on the ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The highest response of ∼27,562 was achieved for 10 ppm acetone in 0.125 M H2O2 treated/annealed ZnO NPs at the optimal working temperature of 400 °C, which is significantly higher than that of reported so far in various acetone sensors based on metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs). Furthermore, first-principles calculations indicate that pre-adsorbed O formed on the surface of H2O2 treated ZnO NPs can provide favorable adsorption energy, especially for acetone detection, due to strong bidentate bonding between carbonyl C atom of acetone molecules and pre-adsorbed O on the ZnO surface. Our study demonstrates that controlling surface oxygen vacancies by H2O2 treatment and re-annealing at optimal temperature is an effective method to improve the sensing properties of commercial MOS materials.
Low-temperature densification of high-entropy (Ti,Zr,Nb,Ta,Mo)C—Co composites with high hardness and high toughness
Authors: Luo Si-Chun , Guo Wei-Ming , Plucknett Kevin , Lin Hua-Tay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to prepare high toughness (Ti,Zr,Nb,Ta,Mo)C ceramics at low temperatures while maintaining high hardness, a liquid-phase sintering process combined with Co-based liquid-phase extrusion strategy was adopted in this study. The densification temperature can be lowered to 1350 °C, which is much lower than the solid-state sintering temperature (∼2000 °C) generally employed for high-entropy carbide ceramics. When sintered at 1550 °C and 30 MPa applied pressure, part of the Co-based liquid-phase was squeezed out of the graphite mold, such that only ∼3.21 vol% of Co remained in the high-entropy ceramic. Compared to the Co-free solid-state sintered (Ti,Zr,Nb,Ta,Mo)C ceramics, prepared at 2000 °C and 35 MPa, the hardness was slightly decreased from 25.06±0.32 to 24.11±0.75 GPa, but the toughness was increased from 2.25±0.22 to 4.07±0.13 MPa·m1/2. This work provides a new strategy for low-temperature densification of high-entropy carbides with both high hardness and high toughness.
Optical Imaging and Image Restoration Techniques for Deep Ocean Mapping: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Song Yifan , Nakath David , She Mengkun , Köser Kevin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVisual systems are receiving increasing attention in underwater applications. While the photogrammetric and computer vision literature so far has largely targeted shallow water applications, recently also deep sea mapping research has come into focus. The majority of the seafloor, and of Earth’s surface, is located in the deep ocean below 200 m depth, and is still largely uncharted. Here, on top of general image quality degradation caused by water absorption and scattering, additional artificial illumination of the survey areas is mandatory that otherwise reside in permanent darkness as no sunlight reaches so deep. This creates unintended non-uniform lighting patterns in the images and non-isotropic scattering effects close to the camera. If not compensated properly, such effects dominate seafloor mosaics and can obscure the actual seafloor structures. Moreover, cameras must be protected from the high water pressure, e.g. by housings with thick glass ports, which can lead to refractive distortions in images. Additionally, no satellite navigation is available to support localization. All these issues render deep sea visual mapping a challenging task and most of the developed methods and strategies cannot be directly transferred to the seafloor in several kilometers depth. In this survey we provide a state of the art review of deep ocean mapping, starting from existing systems and challenges, discussing shallow and deep water models and corresponding solutions. Finally, we identify open issues for future lines of research.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for children and adolescents with intellectual disability and anxiety: a therapist manual
Authors: Hronis Anastasia , Roberts Rachel , Roberts Lynette , Kneebone Ian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUp to 50% of children with intellectual disability (ID) have a comorbid mental illness, yet to date, there has been a lack of evidence-based treatments for this population. This paper discusses the development and application of the Fearless Me! © treatment program, a multimodal Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) intervention for children with mild to moderate ID and anxiety. The program development involved a review of the literature to identify the neuropsychological deficits present for children with ID and suggested ways in which therapy could be adapted for their needs. This was followed by gathering feedback from parents and mental health practitioners. From this, the Fearless Me! © program was developed, involving face-to-face sessions and an online component to support the practice of CBT skills. The program has been trialed among children and adolescents with ID, and shows promise in reducing anxiety in children with mild to moderate ID.
Association of fluoroquinolones or cephalosporin plus macrolide with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) after treatment for community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Patel Preethi , Deshpande Abhishek , Yu Pei-Chun , Imrey Peter B. , Lindenauer Peter K. , Zilberberg Marya D. , Haessler Sarah , Rothberg Michael B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjective:Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of gastroenteritis, and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common infection treated in hospitals. American Thoracic Society (ATS)/Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) CAP guidelines recommend empiric therapy with a respiratory fluoroquinolone or cephalosporin plus macrolide combination, but the CDI risk of these regimens is unknown. We examined the association between each antibiotic regimen and the development of hospital-onset CDI.Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from 638 US hospitals contributing administrative including 177 also contributing microbiologic data to Premier, Inc. We included adults admitted with pneumonia and discharged from July 2010 through June 2015 with a pneumonia diagnosis code who received ≥3 days of either empiric regimen. Hospital-onset CDI was defined by a diagnosis code not present on admission and positive laboratory test on day 4 or later or readmission for CDI. Mixed propensity-weighted multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the associations of CDI with antibiotic regimens.Results:Our sample included 58,060 patients treated with either cephalosporin plus macrolide (36,796 patients) or a fluoroquinolone alone (21,264 patients) and with microbiological data; 127 (0.35%) patients who received cephalosporin plus macrolide and 65 (0.31%) who received a fluoroquinolone developed CDI. After adjustment for patient demographics, comorbidities, risk factors for antimicrobial resistance, and hospital characteristics, CDI risks were similar for fluoroquinolones versus cephalosporin plus macrolide (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70–1.38).Conclusion:Among patients with CAP at US hospitals, CDI was uncommon, occurring in ∼0.33% of patients. We did not detect a significant association between the choice of empiric guideline recommended antibiotic therapy and the development of CDI.
Fossilized pollen malformations as indicators of past environmental stress and meiotic disruption: insights from modern conifers
Authors: Benca Jeffrey P. , Duijnstee Ivo A. P. , Looy Cindy V. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPollen malformations have been proposed as a paleoenvironmental stress proxy. However, the frequency and variability of pollen malformations under near-optimal conditions and environmental stress, as well as their developmental origins, remain unclear. To bridge these gaps, we compared pollen malformation frequencies and assemblages of 14 extant conifer genera of Pinaceae and Podocarpaceae producing saccate (winged) grains grown under near-optimal conditions. These baseline pollen yields were compared with those produced byPinus mugo‘Columnaris’ cultured under an abiotic stress—three experimentally heightened ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) regimes proposed for the end-Permian crisis. We additionally reviewed previous cytological literature of abnormal microsporogenesis in conifers. Under near-optimal conditions, malformations comprise <3% of pollen yields in 12 out of 13 bisaccate genera and >10% of yields in the naturally trisaccateDacrycarpus dacrydioides. We detected no phylogenetic pattern in malformation assemblages of the baseline comparisons. UV-B–irradiatedP. mugoproduced significantly higher malformation frequencies and different assemblage compositions when compared with baseline bisaccate lineages. We propose that pollen malformations originate during the meiotic and tetrad stages of microsporogenesis and present a framework for the ontogeny of different malformation types seen in the fossil record. Malformations comprising >3% of bisaccate pollen yields can be used as a paleoenvironmental stress proxy, but rare, naturally trisaccate lineages are not suitable for such assessments. Furthermore, heightened UV-B not only increases pollen malformation production, but also alters the types of abnormalities trees produce. Different environmental stresses may therefore leave behind distinct fingerprints in the fossil record.
Thyroid cancer and its associations with dietary quality in a 1:1 matched case–control study
Authors: Xia Manman , Zang Jiajie , Wang Zhengyuan , Wang Jiadong , Wu Yi , Liu Meixia , Shi Zehuan , Song Qi , Cui Xueying , Jia Xiaodong , Wu Fan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThyroid cancer (TC) incidence has increased greatly during the past decades with a few established risk factors, while no study is available that has assessed the association of the Chinese Health Dietary Index (CHDI) with TC. We conducted a 1:1 matched case–control study in two hospitals in Shanghai, China. Diet-quality scores were calculated according to CHDI using a validated and reliable FFQ. Conditional logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to reveal potential associations between CHDI score and TC risk. A total of 414 pairs of historically confirmed TC patients and healthy controls were recruited from November 2012 to December 2015. The total score of cases and controls were 67·5 and 72·8, respectively (P < 0·001). The median score of total vegetables, fruit, diary products, dark green and orange vegetables, fish, shellfish and mollusk, soyabean, whole grains, dry bean and tuber in cases was significantly lower than those in controls. Compared with the reference group (≤60 points), the average (60–80 points) and high (≥80 points) levels of the CHDI score were associated with a reduced risk of TC (OR: 0·40, 95 % CI 0·26, 0·63 for 60–80 points; OR: 0·22, 95 % CI 0·12, 0·38 for ≥80 points). In age-stratiﬁed analyses, the favourable association remained signiﬁcant among participants who are younger than 50 years old. Our data suggested that high diet quality as determined by CHDI was associated with lower risk of TC.