bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design space exploration and decision‐making for a segmented ultralight morphing 50‐MW wind turbine
Authors: Kianbakht Sepideh , Martin Dana , Johnson Kathryn , Zalkind Daniel , Pao Lucy , Loth Eric , Simpson Juliet , Yao Shulong , Chetan Mayank , Griffith D. Todd 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWind turbine design encompasses many different aspects including aerodynamic, structural, electrical, and control system design. To achieve optimal plant performance, a system design approach is utilized in which the performance of the whole wind turbine is evaluated and quantified during operational scenarios with subsystem interactions. In this paper, the design for a Segmented Ultralight Morphing Rotor (SUMR) 50‐MW wind turbine is presented utilizing levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for design choices, with additional quantification of simulated performance shortcomings at the 50‐MW scale. The multi‐disciplinary design process results in a final ultra‐scale turbine configuration that outperforms other existing offshore wind farms regarding the LCOE.
Predictors of testosterone in zoo‐managed male African elephants (Loxodonta Africana)
Authors: Campbell Kaitlyn M. , Wilson James A. , Morfeld Kari A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReproductive complications for both male and female zoo‐managed African elephants (Loxodonta africana) contribute to the rapidly declining population. In zoo‐managed bull elephants, few studies have explored the potential physiological, physical, social, and environmental factors that influence bull fertility, particularly, androgen production. Testosterone is the essential steroid hormone for male sexual maturation and inadequate concentrations can be detrimental for spermatogenesis. Testosterone, fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, leptin, glucose, insulin, and triglycerides were analyzed from weekly fecal and blood serum samples taken over 6 months from six zoo‐managed African elephant bulls (10–19 years of age). Testosterone levels were compared to endocrine factors, weekly social and environmental variables, daily musth signs, and body condition scores (BCS). The glucose‐to‐insulin ratio (G:I) was the only physiological biomarker found to be positively associated with testosterone. Predictive physical variables included Musth Score (+) and Moderate Exercise (+). Bulls with BCS signifying overweight (BCS 4) had lower testosterone (36.6 ± 1.6 ng/g fecal extraction [FE]) than bulls with healthy BCS 3; 51.2 ± 4.9 ng/g FE). Numerous social variables influenced testosterone concentrations, including Total Contact Day (+), Female Interaction Day (+), Indirect Contact Day (+), Indirect Contact Night (+) and Total No Contact (−). Both percentage of Time Outdoor and Time Mixed positively influenced testosterone, whereas testosterone decreased for percentage of Time Indoors. Each additional daily browse opportunity increased testosterone by approximately 7 ng/g FE. In managed care, the emphasis should be placed on optimizing these predictors of testosterone production to promote bull reproductive health.
Python: Data Handling, Analysis and Plotting
Authors: Bercowsky Rama Arianne 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhen performing an image analysis pipeline, a programming language like Python is mainly used for two distinctive applications: (1) the analysis of the acquired images, such as background removal, noise reduction, object segmentation, measurements of biological structures and events, etc. and (2) the analysis of the data obtained as a result of the image analysis, such as a calculating a histogram from the noise-removed image or statistics on the shape of the segmented object.
The first string-derived eclectic flavor model with realistic phenomenology
Authors: Baur Alexander , Nilles Hans Peter , Ramos-Sánchez Saúl , Trautner Andreas , Vaudrevange Patrick K. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eclectic flavor groups arising from string compactifications combine the power of modular and traditional flavor symmetries to address the flavor puzzle. This top-down scheme determines the representations and modular weights of all matter fields, imposing strict constraints on the structure of the effective potential, which result in controlled corrections. We study the lepton and quark flavor phenomenology of an explicit, potentially realistic example model based on a 𝕋6/ℤ3× ℤ3 orbifold compactification of the heterotic string that gives rise to an Ω(2) eclectic flavor symmetry. We find that the interplay of flavon alignment and the localization of the modulus in the vicinity of a symmetry-enhanced point leads to naturally protected fermion mass hierarchies, favoring normal-ordered neutrino masses arising from a see-saw mechanism. We show that our model can reproduce all observables in the lepton sector with a small number of parameters and deliver predictions for so far undetermined neutrino observables. Furthermore, we extend the fit to quarks and find that Kähler corrections are instrumental in obtaining a successful simultaneous fit to the quark and lepton sectors.
Conformal bootstrap deformations
Authors: Afkhami-Jeddi Nima 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We explore the space of extremal functionals in the conformal bootstrap. By recasting the bootstrap problem as a set of non-linear equations parameterized by the CFT data, we find an efficient algorithm for converging to the extremal solution corresponding to the boundary of allowed regions in the parameter space of CFTs. Furthermore, by deforming these solutions, we demonstrate that certain solutions corresponding to known theories are continuously connected. Employing these methods, we will explore the space of non-unitary CFTs in the context of modular as well as correlation function bootstrap. In two dimensions, we show that the extremal solution corresponding to the Ising model is connected to that of the Yang-Lee minimal model. By deforming this solution to three dimensions, we provide evidence that the CFT data obtained in this way is compatible with the E-expansion for a non-unitary theory.
Acceleration of neuromelanin-sensitive MRI sequences in the substantia nigra using standard MRI options
Authors: van der Pluijm Marieke , Wallert Elon D. , Coolen Bram F. , Tjong Tjin Joe Kaithlyn T. , de Haan Lieuwe , Booij Jan , van de Giessen Elsmarieke 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Purpose

Neuromelanin MRI (NM-MRI) is applied as a proxy measurement of dopaminergic functioning of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN). To increase its clinical applicability, a fast and easily applicable NM-MRI sequence is needed. This study therefore compared accelerated NM-MRI sequences using standard available MRI options with a validated 2D gradient recalled echo NM-MRI sequence with off-resonance magnetization transfer (MT) pulse (2D-MToffRes).

Methods
We used different combinations of compressed sense (CS) acceleration, repetition times (TR), and MT pulse to accelerate the validated 2D-MToffRes. In addition, we compared a recently introduced 3D sequence with the 2D-MToffRes.

Results
Our results show that the 2D sequences perform best with good to excellent reliability. Only excellent intraclass correlation coefficients were found for the CS factor 2 sequences.

Conclusion
We conclude that there are several reliable approaches to accelerate NM-MRI, in particular by using CS.
‘Breast Cosmesis After Breast‐Conserving Therapy’ Who is the Judge, Patient or Surgeon?
Authors: Hong Alton Wern Jie , James J. , Stoney D. , Law M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionMore than 80% of newly diagnosed breast cancers are managed with breast‐conserving therapy (BCT). Preservation of cosmetically acceptable breasts is an inherent aim of all breast‐conserving efforts—this can, however, be difficult to assess objectively. Compounding this is the difference in perception of breast cosmesis between patients and surgeons. This study compares the concordance of a new subscale‐based cosmetic score (TCS) with the patient's perception.MethodEastern Health Breast and Cancer Centre conducted this study on patients who had completed their BCT and radiotherapy. Participation was voluntary and involved permitting an assessor (breast surgery fellow or consultant) to grade cosmetic outcomes to generate a Total Cosmesis Score (TCS). The patients blinded to this assessment were then asked to complete the postoperative segment of the BCT module of the Breast‐Q questionnaire. TCS from surgeon assessment was compared against patient assessment (questions BQ1i and BQ1k specifically). Cohen's kappa was calculated to define the strength of the inter‐rater agreement.ResultsOne hundred twelve patients with a mean age of 59 (range 27–89) participated in the study. TCS was low in 26% and high in 74% of participants. 76% and 69% of participants were satisfied when answering Breast‐Q questions ‘How your lumpectomy breast looks?’ and ‘How you look in the mirror unclothed?’ respectively (Cohen's k = 0.464, 95% CI 0.337–0.591, p < 0.01). The agreement between the TCS and the patient assessment was poor (Cohen's k = 0.172, 95% CI − 0.020–2.093, p = 0.067).ConclusionCosmetic outcomes scored using TCS by surgeons do not match patient's own assessment of the cosmetic result.
Hydrothermal genesis and growth of the banded agates from the Allumiere-Tolfa volcanic district (Latium, Italy)
Authors: Conte Alessandra , Della Ventura Giancarlo , Rondeau Benjamin , Romani Martina , Cestelli Guidi Mariangela , La Carole , Napoleoni Camilla , Lucci Federico 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, we studied the hydrothermal agates from the Neogene–Quaternary volcanic district of Allumiere-Tolfa, north-west of Rome (Latium, Italy) using a combination of micro-textural, spectroscopic, and geochemical data. The examined sample consists of (1) an outer cristobalite layer deposited during the early stages of growth, (2) a sequence of chalcedonic bands (including i.e., length-fast, zebraic, and minor length-slow chalcedony) with variable moganite content (up to ca. 48 wt%), (3) an inner layer of terminated hyaline quartz crystals. The textures of the various SiO2 phases and their trace element content (Al, Li, B, Ti, Ga, Ge, As), as well as the presence of mineral inclusions (i.e., Fe-oxides and sulfates), is the result of physicochemical fluctuations of SiO2-bearing fluids. Positive correlation between Al and Li, low Al/Li ratio, and low Ti in hyaline quartz points to low-temperature hydrothermal environment. Local enrichment of B and As in chalcedony-rich layers are attributed to pH fluctuations. Analysis of the FT-IR spectra in the principal OH-stretching region (2750–3750 cm−1) shows that the silanol and molecular water signals are directly proportional. Strikingly, combined Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy on the chalcedonic bands reveals an anticorrelation between the moganite content and total water (SiOH + molH2O) signal. The moganite content is compatible with magmatic-hydrothermal sulfate/alkaline fluids at a temperature of 100–200 °C, whereas the boron-rich chalcedony can be favored by neutral/acidic conditions. The final Bambauer quartz growth lamellae testifies diluted SiO2-bearing solutions at lower temperature. These findings suggest a genetic scenario dominated by pH fluctuations in the circulating hydrothermal fluid.
Optimisation of b-values for the accurate estimation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI in patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Knill Annemarie K. , Blackledge Matthew D. , Curcean Andra , Larkin James , Turajlic Samra , Riddell Angela , Koh Dow Mu , Messiou Christina , Winfield Jessica M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
To establish optimised diffusion weightings (‘b-values’) for acquisition of whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-DWI) for estimation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in patients with metastatic melanoma (MM). Existing recommendations for WB-DWI have not been optimised for the tumour properties in MM; therefore, evaluation of acquisition parameters is essential before embarking on larger studies.

Methods
Retrospective clinical data and phantom experiments were used. Clinical data comprised 125 lesions from 14 examinations in 11 patients with multifocal MM, imaged before and/or after treatment with immunotherapy at a single institution. ADC estimates from these data were applied to a model to estimate the optimum b-value. A large non-diffusing phantom was used to assess eddy current–induced geometric distortion.

Results
Considering all tumour sites from pre- and post-treatment examinations together, metastases exhibited a large range of mean ADC values, [0.67–1.49] × 10−3 mm2/s, and the optimum high b-value (bhigh) for ADC estimation was 1100 (10th–90th percentile: 740–1790) s/mm2. At higher b-values, geometric distortion increased, and longer echo times were required, leading to reduced signal.

Conclusions
Theoretical optimisation gave an optimum bhigh of 1100 (10th–90th percentile: 740–1790) s/mm2 for ADC estimation in MM, with the large range of optimum b-values reflecting the wide range of ADC values in these tumours. Geometric distortion and minimum echo time increase at higher b-values and are not included in the theoretical optimisation; bhigh in the range 750–1100 s/mm2 should be adopted to maintain acceptable image quality but performance should be evaluated for a specific scanner.

Key Points
• Theoretical optimisation gave an optimum high b-value of 1100 (10th–90th percentile: 740–1790) s/mm2for ADC estimation in metastatic melanoma.
• Considering geometric distortion and minimum echo time (TE), a b-value in the range 750–1100 s/mm2is recommended.
• Sites should evaluate the performance of specific scanners to assess the effect of geometric distortion and minimum TE.
A new discriminant strategy combined with four TIRADS screening procedures increases ultrasound diagnostic accuracy—focusing on “wrong diagnostic” thyroid nodules
Authors: Lu Ke , Wang Long , Lai Shuiqing , Chen Zhijiang , Cong Shuzhen , Huang Chunwang , Gan Kehong , Guan Haixia , Kuang Jian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective
To utilize the discrepancies of different TIRADS, including ACR-TIRADS, Kwak-TIRADS, C-TIRADS, and EU-TIRADS, to explore methods for improving ultrasound diagnostic accuracy.

Methods
In total, 795 nodules with cytological or surgical pathology were included. All nodules were screened by the four TIRADS according to their diagnostic concordance (Screening procedures, SP). Discriminant strategy (DS) derived from predictor variables was combined with SP to construct the evaluation method (SP+DS). The diagnostic performance of the SP+DS method alone and its derivational methods and two-TIRADS combined tests was evaluated.

Results
A total of 86.8% (269/310) malignant nodules and 93.6% (365/390) benign cases diagnosed by the four TIRADS simultaneously were pathologically confirmed, while 12.0% (95/795) nodules could not be consistently diagnosed by them. The criteria of DS were that iso- or hyper-echogenicity nodules should be considered benign, while hypo- or marked hypo-echogenicity nodules malignant. For 95 inconsistently diagnosed nodules screened by at least two TIRADS, DS performed best with an accuracy of 79.0%, followed by Kwak-TIRADS (72.6%). In the overall sample, the sensitivity and AUC were highest for the SP+DS method compared to the four TIRADS (91.3%, 0.895). Combining ACR-TIRADS and Kwak-TIRADS via parallel test resulted in significant improvements in the sensitivity and AUC compared to ACR-TIRADS (89.2% vs. 81.4%, 0.889 vs. 0.863). Combining C-TIRADS and DS in serial resulted in the highest AUC (0.887), followed by Kwak-TIRADS (0.884), while EU-TIRADS was the lowest (0.879).

Conclusions
For undetermined or suspected thyroid nodules, two-TIRADS combined tests can be used to improve diagnostic accuracy. Otherwise, considering the inconsistent diagnosis of two TIRADS may require attention to the echo characteristics to differentiate between benign and malignant nodules.

Key Points
• The discrepancies in the diagnostic performance of different TIRADS arise from their performance on inconsistently diagnosed nodules.
• ACR-TIRADS improves sensitivity via combining with Kwak-TIRADS in parallel (from 81.4 to 89.2%), while C-TIRADS increases specificity via combining with EU-TIRADS in serial (from 80.9 to 85.7%).
• If the diagnostic findings of two TIRADS are inconsistent, echo characteristics will be helpful for the differentiation of benign and malignant nodules with an accuracy of 79.0%.
Apparent diffusion coefficient for assessing Crohn’s disease activity: a meta-analysis
Authors: Thormann Maximilian , Melekh Bohdan , Bär Caroline , Pech Maciej , Omari Jazan , Wienke Andreas , Meyer Hans-Jonas , Surov Alexey 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze relationships betweenapparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and activity parameters of Crohn’s disease, e.g., length and wall thickness, CRP, FCP, MaRIA, CDAI, SES-CD, histologic inflammatory activity score, and the histological fibrotic score, based upon published data.

Materials and methods
MEDLINE library, Scopus, and Embase databases were screened for association between ADC and activity parameters of Crohn’s disease in patients with Crohn’s disease up to Mai 2021. Overall, 21 studies with 1053 patients were identified. The following data were extracted from the literature: number of patients, correlation coefficients between ADC and length as well as wall thickness, CRP, FCP, MaRIA, CDAI, and SES-CD, inflammatory activity score, and fibrotic score. Associations between ADC and activity parameters were analyzed by Spearman’s correlation coefficient. The studies’ methodologic quality was evaluated by using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Studies (QUADAS 2) instrument, revealing a low risk of bias.

Results
In the overall sample, the pooled correlation coefficient between ADC and CDAI was −0.8 (95% CI = [−0.94; −0.65]), between ADC and MaRIA −0.66 (95% CI = [−0.79; −0.53]). A strong association was observed between ADC and SES-CD with a pooled correlation of −0.66 (95% CI = [−0.87; −0.46]). The pooled sensitivity to discriminate between involved and non-involved bowel segments was 0.89, with an area under the curve of 0.89

Conclusions
ADC showed strong inverse correlations with CDAI, MaRIA, and SES-CD scores. However, the role of ADC in assessing fibrotic changes in the bowel wall is limited. ADC can reflect acute inflammatory reactions but not systemic inflammation.

Key Points
• ADC value can reflect acute inflammatory reactions but not systemic inflammation.
• ADC is inversely correlated with CDAI, MaRIA, and SES-CD.
• The role of ADC in assessing fibrotic changes in the bowel wall is limited.
Options for the generation of seedless cherry, the ultimate snacking product
Authors: Vignati Edoardo , Lipska Marzena , Dunwell Jim M. , Caccamo Mario , Simkin Andrew J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMain conclusionThis manuscript identifies cherry orthologues of genes implicated in the development of pericarpic fruit and pinpoints potential options and restrictions in the use of these targets for commercial exploitation of parthenocarpic cherry fruit.AbstractCherry fruit contain a large stone and seed, making processing of the fruit laborious and consumption by the consumer challenging, inconvenient to eat ‘on the move’ and potentially dangerous for children. Availability of fruit lacking the stone and seed would be potentially transformative for the cherry industry, since such fruit would be easier to process and would increase consumer demand because of the potential reduction in costs. This review will explore the background of seedless fruit, in the context of the ambition to produce the first seedless cherry, carry out an in-depth analysis of the current literature around parthenocarpy in fruit, and discuss the available technology and potential for producing seedless cherry fruit as an ‘ultimate snacking product’ for the twenty-first century.
The impact of obstructive sleep apnea on growth in patients with syndromic and complex craniosynostosis: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang S. , Mathijssen I. M. J. , Joosten K. F. M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGiven the high prevalence of OSA in children with syndromic and complex craniosynostosis (SCC) and the consequences of untreated OSA, it is important to assess their nutritional status and growth. Yet, literature regarding growth in children with SCC remain scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) illustrate the growth pattern in SCC, (2) determine the impact of OSA on this growth pattern, and (3) evaluate the effect of surgical treatment of OSA on growth over time. A retrospective study was performed in children with SCC, who were treated at the Dutch Craniofacial Center (Rotterdam, Netherlands). Growth variables (height, weight, weight-for-age standard-deviation-score (SDS), weight-for-height SDS, and height-for-age SDS) and degree of OSA (obstructive apnea–hypopnea index) were assessed. Of the 153 children with SCC, 38 (25%) were acutely malnourished at some point during follow-up, of whom 21 had disease-related acute malnutrition. Children with moderate-severe OSA had significant lower weight-for-height SDS compared to children without OSA (p = 0.0063). Growth parameters (weight-for-age SDS, weight-for-height SDS, height-for-age SDS) in children with SCC without OSA were not impaired as they did not differ from the normal healthy population, with exception of the patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome (SCS) who had a significantly lower SDS for height-for-age. Conclusion: Children with SCC have a substantial chance of developing acute malnutrition at some point during growth. Additionally, in children with moderate-severe OSA, a significant lower SDS for weight-for-height is present, indicating the importance of assessing the weight and growth pattern in children who are clinically suspected for OSA.

What is Known:• Obstructive sleep apnea is seen in up to two-thirds of the children with syndromic and complex craniosynostosis.• Presence of obstructive sleep apnea is associated with intracranial hypertension and an increased risk of metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurocognitive consequences later in life. Untreated obstructive sleep apnea may lead to impaired growth and weight gain, which can result in growth failure.

What is New:• Craniosynostosis patients with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea had significant lower weight-for-height standard deviation scores (SDS), compared to children without obstructive sleep apnea. • Children with syndromic and complex craniosynostosis without OSA did not significantly differ from the normal healthy population in regard to weight-for-age SDS, weight-for-height SDS, and height-for-age SDS.