bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machinablity analysis and optimisation of process paramater in the turining of Inconel 718 alloy using multi criteria decision making method: A comparative study
Authors: Zhou Qian , Sivalingam Vinothkumar , Pandiyan Karthik , Kumar Ganesh , Sun Jie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Manufacturing sectors strive towards low-toxic, environmentally friendly machining to combat climate change. Due to its low heat conductivity, machining Inconel 718 alloy is a difficult process nowadays. The purpose of this research is to investigate the turning of Inconel 718 alloy under PVD TiAlN inserts in two distinct environments: dry and atomized spray cutting fluid (ASCF). The effect of various machining performance such as surface roughness(Ra), vibration acceleration (VA), and tool life (TL) analysis of Inconel 718 alloy in ecologically friendly machining were investigated in this study. Further, Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) was used to find best optimal process settings: TOPAIS (Technique for Ordering Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution), CODAS (Combinative Distance-Based Assessment Technique), and EDAS (Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution) are three techniques for evaluating performance by similarity to ideal solution. In an ASCF setting, the MCDM approach yields comparable results with an ideal cutting speed (vc) of 50 m/min, feed rate (f) of 0.15 mm/rev, and depth of cut (ap) of 0.4mm. In contrast to dry machining, ASCF machining yielded a 17–34% improvement in surface quality. In dry circumstances, the crater and chipping processes were obvious in the rake face, although less wear was noticed in ASCF machining. Because the thermal conductivity of cutting fluids is improved by microscopic droplets of ASCF, rapid heat dissipated from the machining zone.
Prehabilitation of elderly frail or pre-frail patients prior to elective surgery (PRAEP-GO): study protocol for a randomized, controlled, outcome-assessor blinded trial
Authors: Schaller Stefan J , Kiselev Jörn , Loidl Verena , Quentin Wilm , Schmidt Katrin , Mörgeli Rudolf , Rombey Tanja , Busse Reinhard , Mansmann Ulrich , Spies Claudia 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Frailty is accompanied with a reduced physical capacity, mobility, muscle strength and endurance. (Pre-)Frailty is present in an older surgical population in up to 50% with an increased risk for peri- and post-surgical complications. Consequently, these patients often suffer from a delayed or diminished recovery, loss of autonomy and quality of life, as well as a decrease of functional and cognitive capacity. As frailty is modifiable, we hypothesize that prehabilitation is able to improve the physiological reserves of surgical patients ≥ 70 years old and reduce the care dependency 12 months postoperatively.
Methods
Patients ≥ 70 years old scheduled for elective surgery or intervention will be investigated in this multicentre, randomized controlled study. We aim at including 1400 participants in our study with an allocation ratio of 1:1. The intervention consists of (1) a shared decision-making process with an interdisciplinary and interprofessional shared decision making conference as well as (2) a 3-week multimodal prehabilitation program including exercise therapy, nutritional intervention, mobility and balance training as well as psychosocial interventions and medical assessment. Frequency of the prehabilitation is 5 times / week for 3 weeks. The primary endpoint is defined as level of care dependency 12 months after surgery or intervention.
Discussion
Prehabilitation has been proven to be effective for different patient populations, including colorectal, transplant, and cardiac surgery, among other. In contrast, evidence for prehabilition in older, frail patients is not established yet. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study on prehabilitation for older people with frailty in a general elective surgery patient cohort.
Trial registration:
Clinical Trials. NCT04418271. Registered 5 June 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04418271), Universal Trial Number (UTN): U1111-1253-4820
Systemically administered wound-homing peptide accelerates wound healing by modulating syndecan-4 function
Authors: Savage Bryan , Maldonado Horacio , May Ulrike , Vähätupa Maria , Barker H. , Badiani Rahul , Wolanska Katarzyna , Turner Craig , Pemmari Toini , Ketomaki Tuomo , Prince Stuart , Humphries Martin , Ruoslahti Erkki , Morgan Mark , Järvinen Tero 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
CAR (CARSKNKDC) is a wound-homing peptide that recognises angiogenic neovessels. Here we discover that systemically administered CAR peptide has an inherent ability to promote wound healing; wounds close and re-epithelialise faster in CAR-treated mice. CAR promotes keratinocyte migration in vitro. Syndecan-4 (SDC4) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that regulates cell migration and is crucial for wound healing. We report that SDC4 expression is restricted to epidermis and blood vessels in skin wounds. SDC4 regulates cell binding and internalisation of CAR peptide and CAR-mediated cytoskeletal remodelling. CAR induces SDC4-dependent activation of the small GTPase Arf6 (ARF6) and promotes SDC4- and ARF6-mediated keratinocyte migration. Finally, we show that genetic ablation of SDC4 in mice eliminates CAR-induced wound re-epithelialisation following systemic administration. We propose that CAR peptide activates SDC4 function to selectively promote re-epithelialisation. Thus, CAR peptide provides an entirely new therapeutic approach to enhance wound healing; systemic, yet target organ- and cell-specific.
Do intentions lead to action? Results of a longitudinal study assessing determinants of Tdap vaccine uptake during pregnancy in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Dubé Eve , Trottier Marie-Eve , Vivion Maryline , Ouakki Manale , Brousseau Nicholas , Guay Maryse , Laghdir Zineb , Boucoiran Isabelle , Tapiéro Bruce , Quach Caroline 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: In Canada, vaccination against pertussis (Tdap) during pregnancy has been recommended since 2018, with suboptimal uptake. We aimed to assess the determinants of intention and uptake of Tdap vaccine among pregnant women in Quebec.Methods: Participants (<21 weeks of pregnancy) were recruited in four Quebec regions. Two online surveys were administered during pregnancy (<21 weeks and >35 weeks). One measured vaccination intention and the other assessed the actual decision. Questionnaires were informed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). We used logistic multivariate analysis to identify determinants of Tdap vaccination uptake during pregnancy using responses to both questionnaires.Results: A total of 741 women answered the first survey and 568 (76.4%), the second survey. In the first survey most participants intended to receive the Tdap vaccine during their pregnancy (76.3%) and in the second survey, 82.4% reported having been vaccinated against Tdap during their pregnancy. In multivariate analysis, the main determinants of vaccine uptake were: a recommendation from a healthcare provider (OR=7.6), vaccine intention (OR=6.12), social norms (or thinking that most pregnant women will be vaccinated(OR=3.81), recruitment site ( OR= 3.61 for General Family Medicine unit) perceived behavioral control (or low perceived barriers to access vaccination services, (OR=2.32) and anticipated feeling of guilt if not vaccinated (OR=2.13). Safety concerns were the main reason for not intending or not receiving the vaccine during pregnancy. Conclusion: We observed high vaccine acceptance and uptake of pertussis vaccine in pregnancy. The core components of the TPB (intention, social norms and perceived behavioral control) were all predictors of vaccine uptake, but our multivariate analysis also showed that other determinants were influential: being sufficiently informed about Tdap vaccination, not having vaccine safety concerns, and anticipated regret if unvaccinated. To ensure high vaccine acceptance and uptake in pregnancy, strong recommendations by trusted healthcare providers and ease of access to vaccination services remain instrumental.
Neighborhood-level socioeconomic factors moderate the mitigating role of physical activity in the relative age effect: A cross-sectional survey study of early adolescents in widespread areas of Japan
Authors: Mori Takaaki , Aoki Takumi , Oishi Kan , Harada Tetsuo , Tanaka Chiaki , Tanaka Shigeho , Tanaka Hideki , Fukuda Kazuhiko , Kamikawa Yasuko , Tsuji Nobuhiro , Komura Keisuke , Kokudo Shohei , Morita Noriteru , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Watanabe Masashi , Kasanami Ryoji , Hara Taketaka , Miyazaki Ryo , Abe Takafumi , Yamatsu Koji , Kume Daisuke , Asai Hedenori , Yamamoto Naofumi , Tsuji Taishi , Nakaya Tomoki , Ishii Kojiro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Relative age effect is defined as a phenomenon where children born early generally perform better than children born later in the same cohort. Physical activity is an important factor that mitigates the relative age effect. Socioeconomic factors (e.g., parent’s income, education level) are also associated with the adolescent’s physical activity. However, no existing study has examined whether socioeconomic factors moderate the relative age effect on the adolescent’s physical activity. This study aims to clarify how birth month and socioeconomic factors moderate sports and physical activity among adolescents in Japan.Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey targeting 21491 adolescents who live in a widespread neighborhood. We included 7138 adolescents (3701 males and 3437 females: mean age 13.06±1.44) in the analysis. Based on the participants’ birth month, we divided them into four groups (April-June, July-September, October-December, January-March). We asked participants to report their organized sports participation. Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Japanese Early Adolescents, we identified their levels of sports activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Neighborhood-level socioeconomic factors (areal deprivation, average annual income, education level) were analyzed based on national surveys, such as the population census. We performed multilevel logistic and linear regression analysis for organized sports participation and MVPA, respectively. Moreover, a simple slope analysis was implemented if the interaction between birth month and socioeconomic factor was significant in the multilevel linear regression analysis.Results: Among relatively younger adolescents (adolescents who were born later in the same grade), females were less likely to participate in organized sports activities (OR=0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.98, p<0.01), while both males and females engaged in less MVPA (b=-4.08, b=-2.50, p<0.01, respectively). We observed an interaction between birth month and socioeconomic factors. Only low-income participants, females from more deprived neighborhoods, and relatively younger adolescents engaged in less MVPA. Conclusions: Socioeconomic factors moderate the relative age effect on adolescents’ physical activity. The relative age effect on adolescents’ physical activity might be more likely to appear among adolescents from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods.
Phaseolus vulgaris leaves increase short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production ameliorating early metabolic alterations
Authors: Becerril-Campos Adriana Araceli , Ocampo-Anguiano Perla Viridiana , Mondragón-Jacobo Candelario , Escobar-García Konisgmar , Barrón Mariela Camacho , Anaya-Loyola Miriam Aracely , Feregrino-Perez Ana Angélica , García-Gasca Teresa , Ahumada-Solórzano Santiaga Marisela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
High-fat/high-fructose diets promote early metabolic disorders in weight, lipid and glucose metabolism. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and fiber present in plant-based food prevent metabolic disorders development. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of bean leaves on early metabolic alterations in Wistar male rats fed with high-fat/high-fructose diet. After proximate and chemical analysis of bean leaves, thirty-six Wistar male rats (ethical approval 06FCN2019 and 77FCN2019) were randomly assigned into one of four groups: 1) Standard diet (S) fed with Rodent Laboratory Chow 5001®, 2) Standard diet + 10% of dry bean leaves (SBL), 3) high fat (lard) and fructose diet (H) and 4) high-fat/high-fructose diet + 10% of dry bean leaves (HBL). The study was carried out for 6 weeks. Group H exhibited early metabolic alterations compared to S, final weight gain (↑15%), abdominal fat accumulation (↑11% waist circumference), triglycerides (↑30%), glucose (↑16%), insulin resistance (↑HOMA-IR 32%), fecal triglycerides (↑284%) and decreased total short chain fatty acid (↓SFCA, 17%). Bean leaves supplementation (HBL) compared to group H prevented body weight gain (↓12%), abdominal fat accumulation (waist circumference, ↓10%), early insulin resistance (glucose area under the curve, ↓6%). Probably mediated by the fiber and polyphenols present in the leaves, supplementary bean leaves-diet increased SFCA production (↑54%). Therefore, bean leaves are a low-cost alternative for human nutritional care and prevention of early metabolic alterations.
Analysis of cytokine producing profiles in local and systemic lymphocytes in sick building syndrome compared with ocular allergy
Authors: Uchio Eiichi , Izaki Ryosuke , Kobayashi Ayaka , Fujita Hideaki , Harada Kazuhiro , Ozaki Hiroaki , Kadonosono Kazuaki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: We have previously studied clinical and allergological aspects of sick building syndrome (SBS) cases with ocular disorders and found that SBS is suggested to be partially induced by an allergic response. We analyzed the cytokine production profiles of conjunctival and peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with SBS with ocular manifestations to further evaluate the pathophysiology of SBS from an immunological standpoint.Methods: We obtained conjunctival samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 15 cases of SBS with ocular findings and 49 cases of allergic conjunctival diseases (ACD) (allergic conjunctivitis (AC), atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC), and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC)), and normal controls. Frequencies of cytokine-producing T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry based on an intracellular cytokine staining method.Results: Although no significant difference was observed in the percentage of interferon (IFN)-g-producing CD4+ T cells in PBMC between patients with SBS and controls, the percentage of interleukin (IL)-4-producing PBMC CD4+ T cells in patients with SBS was significantly higher than that in controls. The percentage of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells in the conjunctiva was significantly higher than that in controls, whereas it was significantly lower than those in AKC and VKC. A significant correlation was observed between the percentage of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells in the conjunctiva and clinical score.Conclusion: From these results it might be possible that SBS belongs to a kind of allergic disorder and IL-4 plays a role in the development of allergic disorders in SBS ocular lesions.
Association between secondhand smoke exposure in pregnant women and their socioeconomic status and its interaction with age: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wensu Zhou , Xidi Zhu , Zhao Hu , Shaojie Li , Baohua Zheng , Yunhan Yu , Donghua Xie 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the effect of individual socioeconomic status (SES) on SHS exposure among pregnant women and its interaction effect of age.Methods: A total of 678 nonsmoking pregnant women from 14 communities in a medium-sized city were recruited for this survey. Exposure to SHS was defined as a self-reported smoking habit of spouse/partner. Individual SES consisted of marital status, educational attainment, employment and per capita monthly income.Results: There were 238 (35.1%) of participants who suffered from SHS exposure. Compared to the pregnant women who were employed, others who were unemployed were more likely to suffer from SHS exposure (OR=1.697, 95% CI: 1.102-2.614). Participants who had high school or technical secondary school education were more likely to exposure to SHS compared with women with a college or above education (OR=1.577, 95% CI: 1.020-2.437). Enhanced age was a protective factor for participants with a college or above education level (OR=0.939, 95% CI: 0.884-0.997), but age increased the risk of SHS exposure among women who had unstable marriage (OR=1.256, 95% CI: 1.019-1.549).Conclusion: Exposure to SHS was very common among pregnant women. Pregnant women with low education level and SES and older age should be considered a key population for the implementation of public health interventions.
Electroenzymatic model system for the determination of catalytic activity of Erwinia carotovora L- asparaginase
Authors: Shumyantseva Victoria , Bulko Tatiana , Pronina Veronica , Pokrovskaya Marina , Aleksandrova Svetlana , Zhdanov Dmitry 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An electrochemical method for the determination of the catalytic activity of L-asparaginase (ASNase) from Erwinia carotovora was proposed. Our approach is based on the electrooxidation of amino acids from L-asparaginase polypeptide backbones. The electrochemical behavior of ASNase on electrodes obtained by screen printing modified with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SPE/SWCNTs) as sensing elements demonstrated a broad oxidation peak at 0.5÷0.6 V centered at 0.531±0.010 V. We have shown that in the presence of the substrate L-asparagine, the oxidation current of the enzyme was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. The specificity of electrochemical analysis was confirmed in experiments with glycine, an amino acid that has no substrate activity on ASNase and does not reduce the oxidation peak of L-asparaginase. The addition of glycine did not significantly influence the amplitude of the oxidation current. The innovative aspects of the proposed electrochemical sensor are the direct monitoring of ASNase catalytic activity and a reagentless approach, which does not require additional reagents or labels.
Triage policy to postpone endoscopy for patients with low-risk varices is safe during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Yu-Jen , Hou Ming-Chih , Yang Tsung-Chieh , Lee Pei-Chang , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Lee Fa-Yauh 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the endoscopic services were electively postponed or suspended. We aimed to assess the safety of a triage policy in patients receiving esophageal variceal ligation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Triage policy of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) was implemented in our hospital during the lockdown period from 15th May 2021 to 26th July 2021. We compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes with those receiving endoscopy due to esophageal varices from 17th May 2020 to 28th July 2020. Of the 124 patients receiving EVL, a higher percentage of esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB) was noted (9/32, 28.1% vs. 8/92, 8.7%, p = 0.006) during the lockdown period, with a higher percentage of EVB in the referrals (7/9, 77.8% vs. 2/14, 14.2%, p = 0.007). Twenty-three patients whose endoscopies were postponed by triage policy due to low-risk or eradicated varices did not experience EVB during the lockdown period. Child-Pughs class C was independent factor predictive of EVB (relative risk 7.674, P = 0.004), entering the program of prophylactic EVL was the protective factor of EVB (relative risk 0.158, P = 0.004). Entrance into the prophylaxis program does not only decrease risk of EVB but also fosters comprehensive triage to postpone endoscopy during the lockdown period.
RAFT Polymerization of MMA in the Channels of Different Mesoporous Materials
Authors: Xue Tao , Wei Yan , Yu Caili , Zhang Faai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A serial of mesoporous materials (MS), i.e., rod-liked and spherical SBA-15, spherical MCM-41 and MCM-48 were successfully synthesized and modified by silane coupling agent KH550 then utilized as a microreactor for reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using a xanthate as a chain transfer agent and AIBN as an initiator. The structures, morphologies and properties of the obtained polymers and composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption and desorption, thermogravimetry analysis, gel permeation chromatograph, and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance. Results showed that compared with conventional MS, modified MS featured with lower specific surface area and pore volume while maintained the original morphological structure. Owing to confinement effects, PMMAs obtained from internal mesoporous channels featured with higher molecule weight and initial thermal decomposition temperature than these from conventional RAFT polymerization, especially, the PMMA obtained from the spherical SBA-15 and modified MCM-48 exhibited the highest molecule weight.
Postabortion and safe abortion care coverage, quality, and caseloads during the Global Gag Rule policy period in Ethiopia and Uganda
Authors: Stillman Melissa , Kibira Simon P.S. , Shiferaw Solomon , Makumbi Fredrick , Seme Assefa , Sully Elizabeth A. , Han Lilian , Giorgio Margaret 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Abortion-related complications contribute to preventable maternal mortality, accounting for 9.8% of maternal deaths globally, and 15.6% in sub-Saharan Africa. High-quality postabortion care (PAC) can mitigate the negative health outcomes associated with unsafe abortion. While the expanded Global Gag Rule policy did not prohibit the provision of PAC, other research has suggested that over-implementation of the policy has resulted in impacts on these services. The purpose of this study was to assess health facilities’ capacity to provide PAC services in Uganda and PAC and safe abortion care (SAC) in Ethiopia during the time in which the policy was in effect. Methods: We collected abortion care data between 2018 and 2020 from public health facilities in Ethiopia (N=282) and Uganda (N=223). We adapted a signal functions approach to create composite indicators of health facilities’ capacity to provide basic and comprehensive PAC and SAC and present descriptive statistics documenting the state of service provision both before and after the GGR went into effect. We also investigate trends in caseloads over the time-period. Results: In both countries, service coverage was high and improved over time, but facilities’ capacity to provide basic PAC services was low in Uganda (17.8% in 2019) and Ethiopia (15.0% in 2020). The number of PAC cases increased by 15.5% over time in Uganda and decreased by 7% in Ethiopia. Basic SAC capacity increased substantially in Ethiopia from 66.7% to 82.8% overall, due in large part to an increase in the provision of medication abortion, and the number of safe abortions increased in Ethiopia by 9.7%.Conclusions: The findings from this analysis suggest that public health systems in both Ethiopia and Uganda were able to maintain essential PAC/SAC services during the GGR period. In Ethiopia, there were improvements in the availability of safe abortion services and an overall improvement in the safety of abortion during this time-period. Despite loss of partnerships and potential disruptions in referral chains, lower-level facilities were able to expand their capacity to provide PAC services. However, PAC caseloads increased in Uganda which could indicate that, as hypothesized, abortion became more stigmatized, less accessible and less safe.