bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and related mechanisms of the persistent extreme precipitation in August 2020 over Western China
Authors: Qianrong Ma , Fang Jia , Xiaoxue Wu , Youzhi Chang , Rong Zhi , Guoling Feng 
Published: September 2022

The persistent heavy precipitation that occurred in most of West China (WC) during August 11–18, 2020, generated the highest rainfall record since recording began in 1961 and was selected as one of the top 10 worst national natural disasters of 2020 in China. Favorable circulation was sustained during August; WC was positioned between two anomalous high-pressure centers over the Tibetan Plateau and Sea of Japan and an anomalous low-pressure center over Mongolia located on its north side, which created a stable and long trough and formed a low-pressure center over WC. At 200 hPa, the subtropical westerly jet was much stronger than average and southward, and the South Asian High (SAH) was strong and extended eastward to 150°E. At 500 hPa, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) was westward and exceptionally strong, which helped abundant water vapor reach the southeastern part of WC and provided favorable dynamic and thermodynamic conditions for precipitation in this region. In addition, the eastward extension of the SAH promotes the westward extension of WPSH, which collectively enhanced the precipitation in WC. At 850 hPa, the low-level jet corresponding to the west-extending subtropical high from the Sea of Japan to WC further enhanced and guided the water vapor transport to WC. In addition, the Mei-Yu front over the Yangtze River Basin in June and July strengthened the northwestward spread of diabatic heating, transient energy, and wave activity fluxes, which likely influenced the large-scale circulation factors and reinforced the precipitation in WC in August 2020.
Paleoclimate Variations Spanning the Past 29–4 Ma Inferred From Lipid Biomarkers and Carbon Isotopes in the Linxia Basin, Northeast Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Gen , Wei Zhifu , Zhang Ting , He Wei , Ma Xueyun , Yu Xiaoli , Wang Yongli 
Published: September 2022

Thick and continuous deposits in the Linxia Basin, located in the landing area of westerlies and monsoons, offer a good opportunity for understanding the climatic evolution and tectonic activities. However, detailed paleoclimate reconstruction based on lipid biomarkers was rare, which limited our further knowledge, even though there were some relevant reports regarding pollen assemblages, microbial communities. In the present study, we conducted systematic analyses on the lipid biomarkers and carbon isotope values of the sediments, in an effort to reconstruct the evolution history of paleoclimate and figure out the potential driving mechanism. Our results showed that the organic matter was from mixed sources including lower organisms and terrestrial higher plants. The organic matter sources varied in response to the change of paleoclimate conditions as revealed by the lipid-derived proxies and organic carbon isotopes. Significant climatic events like late Oligocene Warming, Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum and aridification at ∼8.5 Ma were observed throughout the sequence. Our results further indicated that the paleoclimate conditions in the study area primarily followed the pace of long-term global cooling, and the aridification at ∼8.5 Ma was associated with the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.
Necroptosis of nucleus pulposus cells involved in intervertebral disc degeneration through MyD88 signaling
Authors: Fan Hong , Chen Zhe , Tang Hai-Bin , Shan Le-Qun , Chen Zi-Yi , Liu Shi-Chang , Zhang Yong-Yuan , Guo Xin-Yu , Yang Hao , Hao Ding-Jun 
Published: September 2022

Background contextLow back pain, affecting nearly 40% of adults, mainly results from intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), while the pathogenesis of IVDD is still not fully elucidated. Recently, some researches have revealed that necroptosis, a programmed necrosis, participated in the progression of IVDD, nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.PurposeTo study the mechanism of necroptosis of Nucleus Pulposus (NP) cells in IVDD, focusing on the role of MyD88 signaling.Study designThe expression and co-localization of necroptotic indicators and MyD88 were examined in vivo, and MyD88 inhibitor was applied to determine the role of MyD88 signaling in necroptosis of NP cells in vitro.MethodsHuman disc specimens were collected from patients receiving diskectomy for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) or traumatic lumbar fractures after MRI scanning. According to the Pfirrmann grades, they were divided into normal (Grades 1, 2) and degenerated groups (4, 5). Tissue slides were prepared for immunofluorescence to assess the co-localization of necroptotic indicators (RIP3, MLKL, p-MLKL) and MyD88 histologically. The combination of TNFα, LPS and Z-VAD-FMK was applied to induce necroptosis of NP cells. Level of ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS), live-cell staining and electron microscope study were employed to study the role of MyD88 signaling in necroptosis of NP cells.ResultsIn vivo, the increased expression and co-localization of necroptotic indicators (RIP3, MLKL, p-MLKL) and MyD88 were found in NP cells of degenerated disc, while very l low fluorescence intensity in tissue of traumatic lumbar fractures. In vitro, the MyD88 inhibitor effectively rescued the necroptosis of NP cells, accompanied by increased viability, ATP level, and decreased ROS level. The effect of MyD88 inhibition on necroptosis of NP cells was further confirmed by ultrastructure of mitochondria shown by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).ConclusionOur results indicated that the involvement of MyD88 signaling in the necroptosis of NP cells in IVDD, which will replenish the pathogenesis of IVDD and provide a novel potential therapeutic target for IVDD.
Improvements in water clarity and submersed aquatic vegetation cover after exclusion of invasive common carp from a large freshwater coastal wetland, Delta Marsh, Manitoba
Authors: Kowal Paige D. , Badiou Pascal , Emery Robert B. , Goldsborough L. Gordon , Wrubleski Dale A. , Armstrong Llwellyn M. , Page Bryan 
Published: September 2022

Once introduced to shallow aquatic ecosystems common carp (Cyprinus carpio) often degrade habitat, negatively impacting the native organisms that rely on these systems. Detrimental effects often observed following the introduction of carp include a reduction in water clarity as bottom sediments become disturbed and resuspended and phytoplankton blooms become more severe and frequent. This results in a reduction of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV), the effects of which are felt across multiple trophic levels. We sought to limit large carp (&gt;70 mm maximum body width) access to a culturally and biologically significant 18,500 ha freshwater coastal wetland located in Manitoba, Canada to restore pre-carp conditions which were characterized by clear water and abundant SAV. In winter 2012–2013, exclusion structures were built to limit access by large carp to Delta Marsh during the spring and summer. A monitoring program (2009–2018) compared marsh conditions before and after carp exclusion. Water clarity improved following carp exclusion, largely driven by a reduction of inorganic suspended solids (ISS) rather than phytoplankton biomass, indicating that maintaining clear water conditions might be supplemented by reductions in nutrient export from agricultural areas adjacent to the marsh. The decrease in ISS and phytoplankton varied spatially, with the greatest change observed in the westernmost area of the marsh which is more sheltered compared to the large open bays characterizing eastern areas of the marsh. SAV doubled in percent cover through the 6 years of monitoring post-carp exclusion and SAV cover and species richness in the marsh was comparable to what was present in the early 1970s when there was also partial carp exclusion. Similar to water clarity, the increase in SAV cover was most significant in sheltered areas of the marsh. Our results suggest that excluding large carp can improve water clarity, SAV cover, and SAV species richness in large freshwater wetlands, benefiting waterfowl and other species.
Informing Management of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Using Telemetry Data
Authors: Whitlock Rebecca , Schallert Robert J. , Stokesbury Michael J. W. , Castleton Michael , Block Barbara A. 
Published: September 2022

Sustainable management of exploited marine fish and wildlife populations requires knowledge about their productivity. Survival from natural causes of mortality is a key component of population productivity, but is notoriously difficult to estimate. We evaluate the potential for acoustic telemetry as a long-term monitoring tool to estimate rates of natural mortality. We present a Bayesian multistate mark-recapture model for telemetry data collected over a decade from 188 Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)and apply it to estimate the rate of natural mortality using only acoustic tag detections for all animals, or using acoustic tag detections for 96 single-tagged tuna plus acoustic tag detections combined with estimated positions from pop-up satellite archival tags for 92 double-tagged animals. We support the model for bluefin tuna with a simulation study to quantify bias in estimates of population dynamics parameters and investigate the effect of auxiliary information from satellite tagging on mortality rate estimates for different acoustic tag detection probability scenarios.We obtained posterior estimates of the instantaneous annual natural mortality (survival) rate across a decade of tagging for Atlantic bluefin tuna of 0.17 yr-1(0.84 yr-1) both using only acoustic tagging data, and using a combination of acoustic and satellite tagging data. Use of a prior implying a higher rate of fishing mortality yielded an instantaneous annual natural mortality (survival) estimate of 0.10 yr-1(0.90 yr-1), with combined acoustic and satellite tag data. Results from the simulation study indicate that the use of satellite tags can improve the precision and accuracy of estimates of detection probabilities, area-specific movement probabilities and mortality rates, where the extent of the improvement depends on true underlying acoustic tag detection probabilities. Our work demonstrates that long-term acoustic tagging data sets have strong potential for monitoring of highly migratory marine fish and wildlife populations, providing information on a number of key parameters, including survival and movement rates. However, improved information on tag reporting rates or fishing mortality is needed to better separate natural and fisheries mortality for Atlantic bluefin tuna.
Primary syphilis without chancre – A case report of rare syphilitic balanitis of Follmann
Authors: Ren Xu-qi , Nie Qun-ling , Liu An-qi 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSyphilitic balanitis of Follmann (SBF) is a rare condition of primary syphilis which is characterized by any kind of balanitis with or without chancre on the penis combined with the presence of swollen inguinal lymph nodes confirmed by the finding of Treponema pallidum in the lesions or by the positive serological syphilitic testing. Timely identification of the SBF is very important in properly treating the disease stopping the spread of syphilis.Case presentationA 42year-old heterosexual male patient came to our clinic and complained of a painless, hard erythema nodule with a whitish scale in his coronal sulcus of the penis for about a week. The dermatologic examination revealed an infiltrative, hard erythematous lesion surrounding the coronal sulcus of the patient’s penis, with mild erosion and a small amount of exudation. There was a whitish pseudomembrane-like covering on the surface of the erythematous lesion in the coronal sulcus, which is mimicked as candidal balanitis. The result of the fungus microscopic examination was negative, while the laboratory findings showed positive results in serologic syphilitic testing. The patient was diagnosed with primary syphilis and intramuscularly treated with a dose of benzylpenicillin of 2.4 million units. The patient’s skin lesions disappeared completely 60 days after penicillin treatment.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first SBF case reported in China. Syphilitic balanitis of Follmann may have variable clinical appearances. We emphasize that when balanitis with risky sexual activities or with sexually transmitted diseases, the diagnosis of SBF should be kept in mind.
Investigating the macular choriocapillaris in early primary open-angle glaucoma using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Lun Katherine , Sim Yin Ci , Chong Rachel , Wong Damon , Tan Bingyao , Husain Rahat , Aung Tin , Sng Chelvin C. A. , Schmetterer Leopold , Chua Jacqueline 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThere has been a growing interest in the role of vascular factors in glaucoma. Studies have looked at the characteristics of macular choriocapillaris in patients with glaucoma but with conflicting results. Our study aims to use swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) to evaluate macular choriocapillaris metrics in normal participants and compare them with patients with early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (mean deviation better than −6dB).MethodsIn this prospective, observational, cross-sectional study, 104 normal controls (157 eyes) and 100 patients with POAG (144 eyes) underwent 3 mm × 3mm imaging of the macula using the Plex Elite 9000 (Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA). Choriocapillaris OCTA images were extracted from the device’s built-in review software and were subsequently evaluated for the density and size of choriocapillaris flow deficits.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, the density of flow deficits was independently higher in those aged 53 years and above (P ≤ 0.024) whereas the average flow deficit size was significantly larger in those aged 69 years and above (95% CI = 12.39 to 72.91; P = 0.006) in both normal and POAG patients. There were no significant differences in the density of flow deficits (P = 0.453) and average flow deficit size (P = 0.637) between normal and POAG participants.ConclusionOur study found that macular choriocapillaris microvasculature on SS-OCTA is unaltered by subjects with POAG. This suggests that OCTA macular choriocapillaris may not be potentially helpful in differentiating early glaucoma from healthy eyes.
Clinical effectiveness of nimodipine for the prevention of poor outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hao Guangzhi , Chu Guangxin , Pan Pengyu , Han Yuwei , Ai Yunzheng , Shi Zuolin , Liang Guobiao 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveIn clinical practice, nimodipine is used to control cerebral vasospasm (CVS), which is one of the major causes of severe disability and mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, the exact efficacy of nimodipine use for patients with aSAH is still controversial due to the lack of sufficient and up-to-date evidence.MethodsIn this meta-analysis, the latest databases of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and OVID-Medline were comprehensively searched for retrieving all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the efficacy of nimodipine in patients with aSAH. The primary outcome was a poor outcome, and the secondary outcomes were mortality and cerebral vasospasm (CVS). After detailed statistical analysis of different outcome variables, further evidence quality evaluation and recommendation grade assessment were carried out.ResultsApproximately 13 RCTs met the inclusion criteria, and a total of 1,727 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that a poor outcome was significantly reduced in the nimodipine group [RR, 0.69 (0.60–0.78); I2 = 29%]. Moreover, nimodipine also dramatically decreased the mortality [RR, 0.50 (0.32–0.78); I2 = 62%] and the incidence of CVS [RR, 0.68 (0.46–0.99); I2 = 57%]. Remarkably, we found a poor outcome and mortality were both significantly lower among patients with aSAH, with the mean age &lt; 50 than that mean age ≥ 50 by subgroup analysis. Furthermore, the evidence grading of a poor outcome and its age subgroup in this study was assessed as high.ConclusionNimodipine can significantly reduce the incidence of a poor outcome, mortality, and CVS in patients with aSAH. Moreover, we strongly recommend that patients with aSAH, especially those younger than 50 years old, should use nimodipine as early as possible in order to achieve a better clinical outcome, whether oral medication or endovascular direct medication.Systematic review registrationwww.york.ac.uk/inst/crd, identifier: CRD42022334619.
A pilot study of cognitive behavioural therapy integrated with activity pacing for fatigued breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Ethiopia
Authors: Getu Mikiyas Amare , Chen Changying , Addissie Adamu , Seife Edom , Wang Panpan , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundFatigue is a common symptom in breast cancer patients, and it is one of the major factors that influence the quality of life (QoL). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been recommended to manage cancer-related fatigue. In this study, CBT will be integrated with activity pacing (AP), which can help breast cancer patients achieve a balance between activity and rest. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to investigate the acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of the CBT-AP intervention.MethodsA total of 10 fatigued breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were included in the study. The acceptability and feasibility of the study were measured by the patient recruitment rate, attrition rate, intervention fidelity, intervention compliance, and therapist’s and participant’s evaluations of the intervention. The outcomes were measured at baseline and at 6 weeks of intervention.ResultsThe pre–post study suggested that CBT-AP was found to be acceptable and feasible for fatigued breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Among 27 eligible participants, 10 (37.03%) participants accepted our invitation to participate in the study. One participant dropped out from the intervention because of serious illness, and the dropout rate was 10%.Both the intervention fidelity and intervention compliance were found to be satisfactory.Fatigue severity [Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI)] was reduced in 77.77% of participants from baseline to 6 weeks of intervention. The global health status/QoL scale and physical, emotional, and social functioning scales were improved from baseline to 6 weeks of intervention. All symptom scales, except constipation, diarrhea, and financial difficulties, were decreased after the intervention. Depression [Public Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9] was reduced in 55.55% of participants.ConclusionThis study suggested that CBT-AP is an acceptable, feasible, and potentially efficacious intervention to reduce fatigue and improve the QoL of breast cancer patients. The efficacy of a CBT-AP programme is going to be investigated in subsequent larger randomized clinical trials.
Case report: Plasma cell leukemia secondary to multiple myeloma successfully treated with anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy
Authors: Deng Jingjing , Lin Yuehui , Zhao Defeng , Tong Chunrong , Chang Alex H. , Chen Wenming , Gao Wen 
Published: September 2022

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy provides an effective salvage treatment for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients. End-stage RRMM with plasma cell leukemia (PCL) transformation is highly aggressive and resistant to conventional therapy. There is an urgent need for new therapeutics and CAR-T therapy may play an important role. We report a case of PCL secondary to RRMM successfully treated with CAR-T cell therapy targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA). A woman was diagnosed as having MM 4 years ago and progressed to secondary PCL (sPCL) of five prior lines of treatment including proteasome inhibitors, an immunomodulatory agent, cytotoxic drugs, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. After receiving a BCMA CAR-T therapy, she achieved a stringent complete response that lasted 9 months. Then, the patient irregularly took venetoclax 10 mg per day due to a slightly higher λ FLC concentration, which did not meet the criteria for progression. She maintained a complete response for the following 7 months. In conclusion, BCMA CAR-T therapy may be a promising therapeutic approach in PCL patients. More studies are needed to evaluate the benefit of anti-BCMA CAR-T therapy in PCL patients.Clinical Trial Registration:www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1900024388, Registered 9 July 2019.
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis
Authors: Wang He , Liu Tingting , Chen Jun , Dang Jun 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundIt remains uncertain whether neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor (nICI) is superior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) in resectable non-small cell lung cancer. In addition, there are outstanding questions for nICI such as the ideal treatment mode and predictors.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and scientific meetings were searched for eligible single-arm or multi-arm trials until 31 December 2021. The primary outcomes of interest were major pathological response (MPR) and pathological complete response (pCR). The random-effect model was used for statistical analysis.ResultsTwenty-four trials of nICI (n = 1,043) and 29 trials of nCT (n = 2,337) were identified. nICI combination therapy was associated with higher MPR (63.2%, 95% CI: 54.2%–72.1%) and pCR (35.3%, 95% CI: 27.4%–43.3%) rates compared to nCT (16.2%, 95% CI: 7.5%–25.0%, P &lt; 0.001 and 5.5%, 95% CI: 3.5%–7.5%, P &lt; 0.001) and nICI monotherapy (23.3%, 95% CI: 12.7%–33.8%, P &lt; 0.001, and 6.5%, 95% CI: 1.7%–11.2%, P &lt; 0.001). As for safety, nICI monotherapy had the best tolerability; nICI combination showed a similar surgical resection rate and higher R0 resection rate compared to nCT. PD-1 inhibitor and high PD-L1 expression (≥1% or ≥50%) were correlated with higher MPR and pCR rates compared to PD-L1 inhibitor and PD-L1 expression &lt;1%.ConclusionsnICI combination therapy is associated with higher MPR and pCR rates compared to nCT and nICI monotherapy. PD-1 inhibitor seems to be superior to PD-L1 inhibitor. PD-L1 status appears to be predictive of MPR and pCR for patients receiving nICI.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=278661, CRD42021278661.