bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals diverse stimuli activate distinct signaling pathways during neutrophil activation
Authors: Thimmappa Pooja Yedehalli , Nair Aswathy S. , Najar Mohd. Altaf , Mohanty Varshasnatha , Shastry Shamee , Prasad Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava , Joshi Manjunath B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeutrophils display functional heterogeneity upon responding diversely to physiological and pathological stimulations. During type 2 diabetes (T2D), hyperglycemia constitutively activates neutrophils, leading to reduced response to infections and on the other hand, elevated metabolic intermediates such as homocysteine induce bidirectional activation of platelets and neutrophils leading to thrombosis. Hence, in the context of T2D-associated complications, we examined the influence of high glucose, homocysteine, and LPS representing effector molecules of hyperglycemia, thrombosis, and infection, respectively, on human neutrophil activation to identify distinct signaling pathways by quantitative phosphoproteomics approach. High glucose activated C-Jun-N-Terminal Kinase, NTRK1, SYK, and PRKACA kinases associated with Rho GTPase signaling and phagocytosis, whereas LPS induced AKT1, SRPK2, CSNK2A1, and TTN kinases involved in cytokine signaling and inflammatory response. Homocysteine treatment led to activatation of LRRK2, FGR, MAPK3, and PRKCD kinases which are associated with neutrophil degranulation and cytoskeletal remodeling. Diverse inducers differentially modulated phosphorylation of proteins associated with neutrophil functions such as oxidative burst, degranulation, extracellular traps, and phagocytosis. Further validation of phosphoproteomics data on selected kinases revealed neutrophils pre-cultured under high glucose showed impeded response to LPS to phosphorylate p-ERK1/2Thr202/Tyr204, p-AKTSer473, and C-Jun-N-Terminal KinaseSer63 kinases. Our study provides novel phosphoproteome signatures that may be explored to understand neutrophil biology in T2D-associated complications.
Quotient maps and configuration spaces of hard disks
Authors: Ericok Ozan B. , Mason Jeremy K. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Hard disks systems are often considered as prototypes for simple fluids. In a statistical mechanics context, the hard disk configuration space is generally quotiented by the action of various symmetry groups. The changes in the topological and geometric properties of the configuration spaces effected by such quotient maps are studied for small numbers of disks on a square and hexagonal torus. A metric is defined on the configuration space and the various quotient spaces that respects the desired symmetries. This is used to construct explicit triangulations of the configuration spaces as $$\alpha$$
α
-complexes. Critical points of the hard disk potential on a configuration space are associated with changes in the topology of the accessible part of the configuration space as a function of disk radius, are conjectured to be related to the configurational entropy of glassy systems, and could reveal the origins of phase transitions in other systems. The number of critical points and their topological and geometric properties are found to depend on the symmetries by which the configuration space is quotiented.

Graphic abstract
Exposing the chameleon-like nature of racism: a multidisciplinary look at critical race theory in higher education
Authors: Lin Judith C. P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn higher education institutions, critical race theory (CRT) is known to be associated with fields that study racial disparities or systemic oppression such as law, education, and ethnic studies. The impression that CRT is unrelated to fields like business or computer science may have led scholars and practitioners from these disciplines to put their focus on elsewhere than on racial inequality and its implication in their research and practice, despite apparent need. To counter such fallacy, this review article—focusing primarily on the US context—discusses CRT literature in fields where its presence is less known which are nevertheless among the major domains of higher education institutions: health sciences, computer science and information technology, sports, business, and religion. By discussing example research of how scholars have utilized CRT in different fields to challenge the race-neutral thinking that often obscures structural racism, this paper exposes racism’s ability to alter manifestations and to appear through various shapes and forms within the higher education context. Initial recommendations on how educators may engage in further discussions or actions will also be considered. This paper concludes that racist ideologies are often hidden behind discipline-specific vocabulary or technical language, and it is by tackling the ideologies at work underneath the technicalities can we address the chameleon-like nature of racism more effectively.
Towards autonomous analysis of chemical exchange saturation transfer experiments using deep neural networks
Authors: Karunanithy Gogulan , Yuwen Tairan , Kay Lewis E. , Hansen D. Flemming 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMacromolecules often exchange between functional states on timescales that can be accessed with NMR spectroscopy and many NMR tools have been developed to characterise the kinetics and thermodynamics of the exchange processes, as well as the structure of the conformers that are involved. However, analysis of the NMR data that report on exchanging macromolecules often hinges on complex least-squares fitting procedures as well as human experience and intuition, which, in some cases, limits the widespread use of the methods. The applications of deep neural networks (DNNs) and artificial intelligence have increased significantly in the sciences, and recently, specifically, within the field of biomolecular NMR, where DNNs are now available for tasks such as the reconstruction of sparsely sampled spectra, peak picking, and virtual decoupling. Here we present a DNN for the analysis of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) data reporting on two- or three-site chemical exchange involving sparse state lifetimes of between approximately 3–60 ms, the range most frequently observed via experiment. The work presented here focuses on the 1H CEST class of methods that are further complicated, in relation to applications to other nuclei, by anti-phase features. The developed DNNs accurately predict the chemical shifts of nuclei in the exchanging species directly from anti-phase 1HN CEST profiles, along with an uncertainty associated with the predictions. The performance of the DNN was quantitatively assessed using both synthetic and experimental anti-phase CEST profiles. The assessments show that the DNN accurately determines chemical shifts and their associated uncertainties. The DNNs developed here do not contain any parameters for the end-user to adjust and the method therefore allows for autonomous analysis of complex NMR data that report on conformational exchange.
Environment–attitude relationships: girls in inquiry-based mathematics classrooms in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Robinson Jennifer M. , Aldridge Jill M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGirls’ attitudes towards mathematics can impact their achievement and career choices in STEM fields. Can the introduction of inquiry-based learning (IBL) in mathematics classes generate positive associations between girls’ perceptions of the learning environment and their attitudes towards mathematics? Based in the United Arab Emirates, this study provided important information about the relationships between learning environment factors central to an inquiry method and student engagement. Data collection involved administering two surveys to female mathematics students (N = 291) in four schools: one to assess students’ perceptions of the learning environment and another to assess students’ attitudes towards mathematics. Positive and statistically-significant (p < .01) associations emerged between learning environment factors important to an inquiry approach and students’ attitudes. These findings provide important information about how IBL might improve girls’ attitudes towards mathematics classes and whether IBL environments are related to their attitudes.
The association between paternal depression and adolescent internalising problems: A test of parenting style as a mediating pathway
Authors: Maciver Lorna , Girard Lisa-Christine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhilst there is a large evidence base demonstrating the impact of maternal depression on the development of adolescent internalising problems, less is known about the association between paternal depression and adolescent internalising problems, and the mechanisms through which risk is conferred. This study examined the association between paternal depression and adolescent internalising problems, investigating parenting style as a pathway through which this association may be mediated. Participants included 4048 families taking part in the Growing Up in Ireland child cohort study. Self-report measures of paternal depression were completed when the study child was aged 9. Adolescents assessed paternal demandingness, responsiveness and autonomy granting at the age of 13. Adolescent internalising symptoms were measured at the age of 17/18 by the primary caregiver. A parallel multiple mediator model was used to test the total and specific indirect effects of the three parenting styles, whilst controlling for covariates and other mediators in the model. A direct effect of paternal depression on adolescent internalising problems was found (B = .051, 95% CI: 0.020, 0.083). However, no support for mediation via any of the paternal parenting styles (i.e., responsiveness, demandingness, or autonomy-granting) were found. These findings build on an emerging evidence-base demonstrating a specific direct association between paternal depression and adolescent internalising problems, and suggest that interventions ought to also target fathers suffering from depression to help reduce the risk of adolescent internalising problems.
The p-Weil–Petersson Teichmüller Space and the Quasiconformal Extension of Curves
Authors: Wei Huaying , Matsuzaki Katsuhiko 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe consider the correspondence between the space ofp-Weil–Petersson curves$$\gamma $$γon the plane and thep-Besov space of$$u=\log \gamma '$$u=logγ′on the real line for$$p > 1$$p>1. We prove that the variant of the Beurling–Ahlfors extension defined by using the heat kernel yields a holomorphic map foruon a domain of thep-Besov space to the space ofp-integrable Beltrami coefficients. This in particular gives a global real-analytic section for the Teichmüller projection from the space ofp-integrable Beltrami coefficients to thep-Weil–Petersson Teichmüller space.
Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Later Life
Authors: Lin Jian-Yan , Yin Rui-Xing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common chronic metabolic diseases, involves a complex interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental risk factors. The incidence and prevalence of T2DM are rapidly increasing globally. In recent years, increasing body of evidences from both human and animal studies have displayed an association between exposure to early unfavorable life factors such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the prevalence of T2DM in later life. The exogenous EDCs can lead to disadvantageous metabolic consequences because they interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, and metabolism of endogenous hormones. EDCs also have long-term adverse effects on newborns, children, and adolescents by causing increased susceptibility to T2DM in adults. This review summarizes the most recent advances in this field, including diabetes-related EDCs (bisphenol A, phthalates, chlordane compounds, parabens, pesticides, and other diabetes-related EDCs), EDC exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus, prenatal and perinatal EDC exposures and T2DM, adult EDC exposure and T2DM, transgenerational effects of EDCs on T2DM as well as the possible diabetogenic mechanisms.
Novel Self-assembly Pd(II)-Schiff Base Complex Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Electrochemical Detection of Paracetamol
Authors: Hefnawy Mahmoud A. , Medany Shymaa S. , Fadlallah Sahar A. , El-Sherif Rabab M. , Hassan Safaa S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA self-assembly Pd-Schiff base complex was synthesized and used as an electrochemical sensor in phosphate buffer solution, where it enhanced the electrocatalytic activity toward the paracetamol detection. The Schiff base {(HL) = (4-(((Z)-3-(hydroxyimino) butan-2-ylidene) amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one)} was selected to prepare Pd-based complexes due to its high antimicrobial activity. A linear calibration curve was constructed using GC/Pd-SB in paracetamol concentration range of 1–50 μM and its detection limit was calculated as 0.067 μM. The modified electrode, GC/Pd-SB, could successfully determine the paracetamol concentration in human blood serum and commercial drug tablets with high sensitivity. The prepared metal complex was characterized using techniques, namely, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, electrochemical studies were performed using different electrochemical techniques like cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). DFT calculations were used to estimate the equilibrium geometry, molecular orbital, ground-state properties, and interaction energy between paracetamol and palladium.
Graphical Abstract
Analyzing micromachining errors in EDM of Inconel 600 using various biodegradable dielectrics
Authors: Ishfaq Kashif , Maqsood Muhammad Asad , Anwar Saqib , Alfaify Abdullah , Zia Abdul Wasy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInconel 600 is a Ni-based superalloy having exclusive properties like high strength and stability in harsh conditions. However, its accurate machining is challenging via conventional cutting methodologies. As a result, the use of electric discharge machining is common in cutting Inconel 600 precisely. But the intrinsic issue of overcut associated with traditional EDM limits its appreciation in cutting Ni-based alloy. Moreover, conventional dielectric oil used in EDM releases hazardous fumes and gases that put the operator’s health at risk. Therefore, in this study, six different biodegradable dielectrics have been investigated for their potential in controlling the dimensional overcut, which have yet to be evaluated thoroughly. The performance of biodegradable dielectrics (canola, amla, olive, sunflower, coconut, and mustard oil) against four types of electrode materials has been evaluated using full factorial design in the EDM of Inconel 600. Experimental findings are analyzed with statistical tests and optical/scanning electron microscopic evidence. The experimental results indicated that canola dielectric yield the smallest dimensional overcut. However, combination of sunflower oil and copper electrode proved as second premier case to reduce the overcut. Compared to the conventionally used kerosene oil, the biodegradable dielectrics (canola and sunflower) display a 63% and 1.2-folds reduction in overcut.
Psychometric properties of pain measurements for people living with dementia: a COSMIN systematic review
Authors: Smith Toby O. , Harvey Karmen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeDetecting pain in older people with dementia is challenging. Consequentially, pain is often under-reported and under-treated. There remains uncertainty over what measures should be promoted for use to assess pain in this population. The purpose of this paper is to answer this question.MethodsA search of clinical trials registered on the ClinicalTrial.gov and ISRCTN registries was performed to identify outcome measures used to assess pain in people with dementia. Following this, a systematic review of published and unpublished databases was performed to 01 November 2021 to identify papers assessing the psychometric properties of these identified measures. Each paper and measure was assessed against the COSMIN checklist. A best evidence synthesis analysis was performed to assess the level of evidence for each measure.ResultsFrom 188 clinical trials, nine outcome measures were identified. These included: Abbey Pain Scale, ALGOPLUS, DOLOPLUS-2, Facial Action Coding System, MOBID-2, self-reported pain through the NRS or VAS/thermometer or Philadelphia Geriatric Pain Intensity Scale, PACSLAC/PACSLAC-2, Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD), and Checklist for non-verbal pain behavior (CNPI). From these, 51 papers (5924 people with dementia) were identified assessing the psychometric properties of these measures. From these, there was strong- and moderate-level evidence to support the use of the facial action coding system, PACSLAC and PACSLAC-II, CNPI, DOLOPLUS-2, ALGOPLUS, MOBID, and MOBID-2 tools for the assessment of pain with people living with dementia.ConclusionWhilst these reflect measurement tools used in research, further consideration on how these reflect clinical practice should be considered.PROSPERO registrationCRD42021282032
Effects of the Follicular Menstrual Phase on Forearm Vascular Conductance in Abdominal Obese Premenopausal Women During Graded Handgrip Exercise
Authors: Restaino Robert M. , Cradock Kenwyn , Barlow Matthew A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Previous studies have reported a sympatholytic action of estrogen on the vasculature in response to increased sympathetic outflow, an effect most notable during exercise, providing for necessary increases in blood flow to working muscle. In contrast, elevated concentrations of progesterone can inhibit this action of estrogen, impairing increases in blood flow. We hypothesize that the peak concentration of estrogen during the proliferative portion of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in female humans will increase vascular conductance during exercise when the effects of progesterone are negligible. In addition, we hypothesize that overweight abdominally obese females will have an attenuated conductance response to dynamic exercise during the same menstrual phase.

Methods
Participants engaged in graded forearm exercise using an isotonic handgrip dynometer with sequential increases in resistance at a cadence of 30 contractions/minute until task failure. They performed exercise at time points of the menstrual cycle corresponding to low concentrations of both sex hormones and elevated estrogen, while progesterone remained low. Blood flow and vascular conductance were measured using Doppler ultrasound.

Results
This revealed a trend that abdominal obese women during a phase of low estrogen had a lower overall blood flow and vascular conductance response than healthy controls at matching resistance stages during rest and exercise. This group difference was attenuated during the proliferative phase with elevated circulating estrogen. There is not a statistically significant interaction between Ovarian Phase and Weight group (P = 0.778).

Conclusion
The results indicate that overweight women are at a disadvantage during exercise in increasing blood flow to working muscles, which can be detrimental to overall fitness improvement during the early and potentially late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
Rare stromatoporoids from the Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Nevada, and their biostratigraphic and paleobiogeographic significance
Authors: Stock Carl W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo previously known species of stromatoporoids are reported from Nevada:Stromatoporella perannulata, from the Bartine Member of the McColley Canyon Formation (middle Emsian); andStictostroma moosense, from the Oxyoke Canyon Sandstone (uppermost Emsian). A new species,Syringodictyon nevadensen. sp., is described from the Coils Creek Member of the McColley Canyon Formation (upper Emsian).Stromatoporella perannulataalso occurs in Emsian-age strata on Ellesmere Island, arctic Canada, and in strata of Emsian and/or Eifelian age in Ontario, New York, Ohio, and Kentucky. Outside Nevada,Syringodictyonis confined to the Emsian of Ellesmere Island, and Emsian/Eifelian of Ontario and New York.Stictostroma moosenseis known from only the Emsian/Eifelian of Ontario.It is concluded that the three Nevada specimens are Emsian in age. This implies that in other localities where two of the species,S.perannulataandS.moosense, occur in strata where the placement of the Emsian-Eifelian boundary is in question, it might be higher than previously thought. The presence of the two species, plusSyringodictyon, in both the Old World Realm (Nevada, arctic Canada) and the Eastern Americas Realm (Ontario, New York, Ohio, Kentucky), infers a selective marine connection between the two realms that was not available to other taxa. The breach in the inter-realm barrier most likely occurred as a shallow seaway across the Canadian Shield.UUID:http://zoobank.org/e73023c6-88ca-4b4d-9b01-f74a75b99c43
A new genus of treeshrew and other micromammals from the middle Miocene hominoid locality of Ramnagar, Udhampur District, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Sehgal Ramesh Kumar , Singh Abhishek Pratap , Gilbert Christopher C. , Patel Biren A. , Campisano Christopher J. , Selig Keegan R. , Patnaik Rajeev , Singh Ningthoujam Premjit 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe fossil record of treeshrews, hedgehogs, and other micromammals from the Lower Siwaliks of India is sparse. Here, we report on a new genus and species of fossil treeshrew, specimens of the hedgehogGalerix, and other micromammals from the middle Miocene (Lower Siwalik) deposits surrounding Ramnagar (Udhampur District, Jammu and Kashmir), at a fossil locality known as Dehari. The treeshrew from Dehari (Sivatupaia ramnagarensisn. gen. n. sp.) currently represents the oldest record of fossil tupaiids in the Siwaliks, extending their time range by ca. 2.5–4.0 Myr in the region. Dietary analyses suggest that the new tupaiid was likely adapted for a less mechanically challenging or more frugivorous diet compared to other extant and fossil tupaiids. The occurrence ofGalerixhas only been recently documented from the Indian Siwaliks and the Dehari specimens help establish the likely presence of a relatively large SiwalikGalerixspecies in the Ramnagar region. In addition to the new treeshrew and hedgehogs, new specimens of the rodentsKanisamys indicus,Sayimys sivalensis, and Murinae indet. from Dehari help confirm that age estimates for the Ramnagar region are equivalent to the Chinji Formation in Pakistan, most likely corresponding to the middle to upper part of the Chinji Formation.UUID:http://zoobank.org/56fb160c-2df8-4cd3-be91-af4dc02d0979
The evolution of unprocessed food inflation in Turkey: an exploratory study on select products
Authors: Demirkılıç Serkan , Özertan Gökhan , Tekgüç Hasan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFood price increases stem from economic, agricultural, and political factors. Understanding the dynamics behind the food price formation process and assessing how potential factors contribute to food price changes will significantly affect policies formulated to manage food price increases. High food inflation rates have been a chronic problem in Turkey over the last decade, with unprocessed food prices rising faster than general price levels. In this article, we use exploratory analyses based on economic principles rather than econometric analyses. First, our results indicate that exchange rates are strongly associated with domestic food prices due to dependence on imported inputs. Second, deep-dive analyses on select products show that global price movements and pass-through prices from producer to consumer are not solely responsible for price increases.