bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An in vitro model of microbial contamination in the operating room
Authors: Zhao Wenhan , Libera Matthew , Prysak Meredith , Katz Jordan , De Stefano Lauren 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInfection associated with tissue‐contacting biomedical devices is a compelling clinical problem initiated by the microbial colonization of the device surface. Among the possible sources of contaminating bacteria is the operating room (OR) itself, where viable bacteria in the atmosphere can sediment onto a device surface intraoperatively. We have developed an aerosolizing system that can reproducibly spray small quantities of aerosolized bacteria onto a surface to mimic OR contamination. This paper describes the design of the system and characterizes key aspects associated with its operation. The area density of sprayed bacteria is on the order of 102/cm2. Using titanium (Ti) alloy coupons as test substrates contaminated by staphylococci, we quantify the fraction of bacteria that are well adhered to the substrate, those that can be removed by sonication, and those that are not recovered after spraying. Despite the relatively low levels of surface contamination, we furthermore show that such a model is able to demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in colonization of Ti coupons modified by antimicrobial quaternary ammonium compounds relative to unmodified controls.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans misdiagnosed as sebaceous adenoma and incompletely resected in a child: A case report
Authors: Zhang Liang , Chen Hana , Wang Bin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is extremely rare in children, making a correct diagnosis by clinicians is usually difficult due to its nonspecific manifestations, the recurrence of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans after resection has always been a perplexing problem for clinicians. Ultrasound plays an irreplaceable role in the assessment of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, although there is a limitation in the diagnosis of the tumor.Case ReportA 10‐year‐old boy led by his parents sought for surgical treatment because of the growing mass. Physical examination and preoperative ultrasonography showed that the mass was clear, and the routine resection of mass was performed. Six days postoperatively, histopathological examination indicated that the mass was dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and the peripheral and deep resection margins were positive. The patient was informed that a second extended resection was required. The second postoperative pathology showed a negative margin, and the patient was discharged. Postoperative follow‐up was assessed by ultrasound examination, and the patient had no abnormalities.ConclusionsDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans should be included in the differential diagnosis when the wide base subcutaneous lesion has suspicious features with high vascularity on ultrasound. If an ultrasound reveals a mass with abundant blood flow, clinicians should routinely perform the extended resection. Wide surgical excision may reduce the risk of reoperation and recurrence, and long‐term follow‐up is necessary to evaluate postoperative outcomes.
Measurement comparability of insulin assays using conventional immunoassay kits
Authors: Rosli Nordiana , Kwon Ha‐Jeong , Lim Jinsook , Yoon Young Ahn , Jeong Ji‐Seon 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe standardization of measurement aims to achieve comparability of results regardless of the analytical methods and the laboratory where analyses are carried out. In this paper, a comparison of results from several immunoassay‐based insulin analysis kits is described, and the steps necessary to improve comparability are discussed.MethodsFour manual enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits produced by Mercodia, Alpco, Epitope Diagnostics, and Abcam, and three automated chemiluminescent (CLIA) insulin assay kits (Siemens Centaur XP, Unicel Dxl800, Cobas e801) were compared by analyzing human serum samples and certified reference materials for human insulin.ResultsThe seven evaluated assay kits showed substantial discrepancies in the results, with relative standard deviation ranges between 1.7% and 23.2%. We find that the traceability chains and the unit conversion factors are not yet harmonized, and current reference materials for insulin are not applicable for immunoassay‐based method validation due to the use of different matrices.ConclusionsThe findings suggest the need to fine tune insulin analysis methods, measurement traceability, and any conversion factor used in post‐analysis steps in accordance with the necessity for standardization.
Very long‐term outcomes in 23 patients with cblA type methylmalonic acidemia
Authors: Marelli Cecilia , Fouilhoux Alain , Benoist Jean‐Francois , De Lonlay Pascale , Guffon‐Fouilhoux Nathalie , Brassier Anais , Cano Aline , Chabrol Brigitte , Pennisi Alessandra , Schiff Manuel , Acquaviva Cecile , Murphy Elaine , Servais Aude , Lachmann Robin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo present the very long‐term follow up of patients with cobalamin A (cblA) deficiency.MethodsA retrospective case series of adult (>16 years) patients with molecular or enzymatic diagnosis of cblA deficiency.ResultsWe included 23 patients (mean age: 27 ± 7.6 years; mean follow‐up: 24.9 ± 7.6 years). Disease onset was mostly pediatric (78% < 1 year, median = 4 months) with acute neurologic deterioration (65%). Eight patients presented with chronic symptoms, and one had an adult‐onset mild cblA deficiency. Most of the patients (61%) were initially classified as vitamin B12‐unresponsive methylmalonic aciduria (MMA); in vitro B12 responsiveness was subsequently found in all the tested patients (n = 13). Initial management consisted of protein restriction (57%), B12 (17%), or both (26%). The main long‐term problems were intellectual disability (39%) and renal failure (30%). However, 56.5% of the patients were living independently. Intellectual disability was equally distributed among the initial treatment groups, while renal failure (moderate and beginning at the age of 38 years) was present in only one out of seven patients initially treated with B12.ConclusionsWe provide a detailed picture of the long‐term outcome of a series of adult cblA patients, mostly diagnosed before the enzymatic and molecular era. We confirm that about 35% of the patients do not present acutely, underlining the importance of measuring MMA in any case of unexplained chronic renal failure, intellectual disability, or growth delay. In addition, we describe a patient with a milder adult‐onset form. Early B12 supplementation seems to protect from severe renal insufficiency.
Oxidation of bacillithiol during killing ofStaphylococcus aureusUSA300 inside neutrophil phagosomes
Authors: Ashby Louisa V , Springer Reuben , Van Loi Vu , Antelmann Haike , Hampton Mark B , Kettle Anthony J , Dickerhof Nina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTargeting immune evasion tactics of pathogenic bacteria may hold the key to treating recalcitrant bacterial infections. Staphylococcus aureus produces bacillithiol (BSH), its major low-molecular-weight thiol, which is thought to protect this opportunistic human pathogen against the bombardment of oxidants inside neutrophil phagosomes. Here, we show that BSH was oxidized when human neutrophils phagocytosed S. aureus, but provided limited protection to the bacteria. We used mass spectrometry to measure the oxidation of BSH upon exposure of S. aureus USA300 to either a bolus of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or a flux generated by the neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase. Oxidation of BSH and loss of bacterial viability were strongly correlated (r = 0.99, p &lt; 0.001). BSH was fully oxidized after exposure of S. aureus to lethal doses of HOCl. However, there was no relationship between the initial BSH levels and the dose of HOCl required for bacterial killing. In contrast to the HOCl systems, only 50% of total BSH was oxidized when neutrophils killed the majority of phagocytosed bacteria. Oxidation of BSH was decreased upon inhibition of myeloperoxidase, implicating HOCl in phagosomal BSH oxidation. A BSH-deficient S. aureus USA300 mutant was slightly more susceptible to treatment with either HOCl or ammonia chloramine, or to killing within neutrophil phagosomes. Collectively, our data show that myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants react with S. aureus inside neutrophil phagosomes, leading to partial BSH oxidation, and contribute to bacterial killing. However, BSH offers only limited protection against the neutrophil's multifaceted killing mechanisms.
Ethnoracial comparisons in anxiety and depression outcomes among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander college students
Authors: Cline Jared I. , Larsen Ross A. , Griner Derek , Beecher Mark E. , Allen G. E. Kawika , Lee Chien‐Ti , Lefrandt Jason B. , Worthen Vaughn 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe explored differences in distress scores at intake as well as the change in anxiety and depression scores over the course of 12 therapy sessions for Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) college students. Data were collected from the Center for Collegiate Mental Health (N = 256,242). Results support the notion that NHPI college students experience anxiety and depression in therapy differently from other ethnic groups with moderate‐to‐large magnitudes of effect.
Chemical and sensory characterization of coffee from Coffea arabica cv. Mundo Novo and cv. Catuai Vermelho obtained by four different post‐harvest processing methods
Authors: van Mullem Joshua Johannes , de Sousa Bueno Filho Júlio Sílvio , Dias Disney Ribeiro , Schwan Rosane Freitas 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAfter the harvest, green coffee beans are dried on the farm using several methods: the wet process, natural process, pulped natural process, or mechanical demucilaging. This study evaluated how the choice of a specific processing method influenced the volatile organic compounds of the coffee beans, before and after roasting, and the sensory characteristics of the beverage. Coffea arabica beans of two varieties (cv. Mundo Novo and cv. Catuai Vermelho) were subjected to these four processing methods on a single farm in the Cerrado area of Brazil.RESULTSAnalysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry headspace solid‐phase microextraction identified 40 volatile organic compounds in green coffee beans and 37 in roasted beans. The main difference between post‐harvest treatments was that naturally processed green beans of both varieties contained a different profile of alcohols, acids, and lactones. In medium‐roasted beans, those differences were not observed. The coffee beverages had similar taste attributes but distinct flavor profiles. Some of the treatments resulted in specialty‐grade coffee, whereas others did not.CONCLUSIONThe choice of a specific post‐harvest processing method influences the volatile compounds found in green beans, the final beverage's flavor profile, and the cupping score, which can have a significant impact on the profitability of coffee farms’ operations. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Emulsifying and whipping properties of mixing polysaccharide dispersions: effect of ratio between insoluble soybean fiber and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
Authors: Cai Yongjian , Zeng Di , Huang Lihua , Zhao Mouming , Zhao Qiangzhong , Van der Meeren Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe interactions between various food colloids in different systems (e.g., dispersions, emulsions, creams) have a bearing on the processing and characteristics of food systems. Hydrophilic polysaccharides have been proven to have the potential to fabricate the above systems. In the present work, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was partially replaced by the insoluble soybean fiber (ISF) extracted from defatted okara to prepare mixing dispersions, oil‐in‐water emulsions and whipped creams.RESULTSThe presented work showed that as the proportion of ISF increased, the foaming properties of ISF/HPMC dispersions were enhanced, the absolute value of the ζ‐potential and the particle size of the emulsions increased, while the heat stability and centrifugal stability first increased and then decreased. Upon whipping, the loss angle (tan δ) decreased first and then increased, while the overrun, foam stability and cream stability, as well as the elastic modulus (G′), presented the opposite trend.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that an appropriate amount (40–60%) of ISF in the ISF/HPMC systems enhanced the foaming and emulsifying capacities of mixtures and the stability of the resultant emulsion; subsequently, the whipping performance and whipped cream network structure were strengthened, suggesting that ISF has great potential for application in whipped cream as a ‘green’ and safe food ingredient. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Association of gut microbiota characteristics and metabolites reveals the regulation mechanisms under cadmium consumption circumstance
Authors: Dai Zhen , Liu Jinguang , Yao Xuan , Wang Anqi , Liu Yuqian , Strappe Padraig , Huang Weining , Zhou Zhongkai 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDCadmium is a non‐biodegradable heavy metal with a long biological half‐life. Although its negative impact on human health has been previously reported, the association of cadmium consumption overdose with changes in the gut microbiota and its corresponding metabolites has not been fully elucidated so far.RESULTSCadmium consumption overdose led to a reduced body weight gain accompanied by an enhanced level of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, and histamine in the serum of the rats in comparison with normal rats. Furthermore, hepatotoxicity was also observed to be induced by cadmium, which was consistent with abnormal hepatic activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase and oxidative stress. In contrast, Lactobacillus rhamnosus‐fermented Ganoderma lucidum (FGL) slice supplementation improved the aforementioned physiological properties. More importantly, microbiome and metabolites analysis indicated cadmium exposure significantly reduced the generation of short‐chain fatty acids in the gut, particularly butyrate. However, rats in the FGL group had the highest level of butyrate in the feces, characterized with significantly enriched probiotics (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) and butyrate‐producing bacteria (Roseburia).CONCLUSIONThe targeted regulation of the gut microbial community and its metabolites might be the essential association for attenuating body dysfunction induced by cadmium. The supplementation of FGL, as evidenced in this study, might highlight a novel approach to this field. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cochlear implantation performance outcomes in patients over 80 years old
Authors: Wichova Helena , Mills Dawna , Beatty Sarah , Peng Kevin , Miller Mia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine device datalogging characteristics and postoperative performance in the very elderly CI users.MethodsRetrospective chart review of postoperative speech recognition outcomes and datalogging characteristics in patients older than 80 years old who underwent cochlear implantation and remain active users with longer than 6 months post‐activation follow‐up.Results(s)The mean age at implantation was 84.8 ± 3.8 years old. Pre‐ and post‐operative AzBio sentences in quiet scores were 12.4 ± 16.4% and 53.0 ± 23.5%, respectively (p < .001). Pre‐ and post‐operative consonant‐nucleus‐consonant (CNC) word scores were 9.4 ± 12.8% and 40.5 ± 20.7%, respectively (p < .001). A nonsignificant negative correlation was noted between the age of implantation and postoperative CNC words and AzBio sentence performance. Significantly decreased performance was noted in the subpopulation with a preoperative diagnosis of dementia. Mean daily use was 10.9 h per day. When available the mean daily usage distribution was 16% speech in noise, 19.1% speech, 51% quiet, 3.8% music, and 9.6% noise. A significant positive correlation was noted between daily use and AzBio sentence and CNC word performance.ConclusionsVery elderly patients have significant postoperative auditory performance benefits after CI. Mean daily use is comparable to previously published results in the younger population. Age of implantation does not play a significant role in overall performance. Elderly patients who are medically cleared for implantation receive significant postoperative benefits.
Recent Progress toward Physical Stimuli‐Responsive Emulsions
Authors: Wu Yutian , Zeng Min , Cheng Quanyong , Huang Caili 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEmulsion as a fine dispersion of immiscible liquids has involved widespread applications in industry, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and personal care. Stimuli‐responsive emulsions capable of on‐demand demulsification or changing their properties are required in many cases such as controllable release cargo, oil recovery, emulsifier recycling, and product separation, great progress is achieved in these areas. Among these various triggers, much effort is made to develop physical stimuli, due to the noninvasive and environmentally friendly characteristics. Physical stimuli‐responsive emulsions provide plenty of valuable practical applications in the fields of sustainable industry, biomedical reaction, drug delivery. Here, the recent development in the field of emulsions in response to physical stimuli consisting of temperature, light, magnetic fields, electrical fields, etc., is summarized. The preparation methods and mechanisms of physical stimuli‐responsive emulsions and their applications of catalysis reaction, drug delivery, and oil recovery are highlighted in this review. The future directions and outstanding problems of the physical stimuli‐responsive emulsions are also discussed.
The significance of the fusion partner gene genomic neighborhood analysis in translocation‐defined tumors
Authors: Mosaieby Elaheh , Martínek Petr , Ondič Ondrej 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionThis study presents a novel molecular parameter potentially co‐defining tumor biology—the total tumor suppressor gene (TSG) count at chromosomal loci harboring genes rearranged in fusion‐defined tumors. It belongs to the family of molecular parameters created using a black‐box approach.MethodIt is based on a public curated Texas TSG database. Its data are regrouped based on individual genes loci using another public database (Genecards). The total TSG count for NTRK (NTRK1; OMIM: 191315; NTRK2; OMIM: 600456; NTRK3; OMIM: 191316), NRG1 (OMIM: 142445), and RET (OMIM: 164761) rearranged tumors in patients treated with a theranostic approach is calculated using the results of recently published studies.ResultsAltogether 138 loci containing at least three TSGs are identified. These include 21 “extremely hot” spots, with 10 to 28 TSGs mapping to a given locus. However, the study falls short of finding a correlation between tumor regression or patient survival and the TSG count owing to a low number of cases meeting the study criteria.ConclusionThe total TSG count alone cannot predict the biology of translocation‐defined tumors. The addition of other parameters, including microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutation burden (TMB), homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD), and copy number heterogeneity (CNH), might be helpful. Thus a multi‐modal data integration is advocated. We believe that large scale studies should evaluate the significance and value of the total TSG count.
Breastfeeding: Maternally Transferred Allergens in Breast Milk: Protective or Sensitizing?
Authors: Schocker Frauke , Jappe Uta 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAccording to a thorough literature search, the following allergen sources have been associated with allergy symptoms in the exclusively breastfed child: hen's egg, cow's milk, peanut, trout. Subsequently, several studies use the advantage of molecular allergology and investigate the potential transfer of single allergens into breastmilk. This is shown for caseins, whey proteins, gliadin, ovalbumin, ovomucoid, the peanut allergens Ara h 2 and Ara h 6, as well as the inhalant allergens Der p 1 and Blo t 5. It is still a matter of debate whether or not food allergens transferred via breastfeeding to the baby promote allergic sensitization or induce tolerance and via which mechanisms they may shift the immune response to the one or other side. Noteworthy, some breastfed children are described to be sensitized to foods before being exposed to solid foods, and this exposure may have occurred through breastmilk. In the light of these findings the investigation of food allergens transferred from the mother's diet into breastmilk and their impact on sensitization or allergy prevention remains a current topic in research. This review describes breastmilk in its composition and provides data on the identification of food allergens therein including human and mouse studies.
Feasibility of simultaneous high‐resolution anatomical and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of sciatic nerves in patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A (CMT1A) at 7T
Authors: Sveinsson Bragi , Rowe Olivia E. , Stockmann Jason P. , Park Daniel J. , Lally Peter J. , Rosen Matthew S. , Barry Robert L. , Eichler Florian , Rosen Bruce R. , Sadjadi Reza 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of peripheral nerves can provide image‐based anatomical information and quantitative measurement. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of high‐resolution anatomical and quantitative MRI assessment of sciatic nerve fascicles in patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) 1A using 7T field strength.MethodsSix patients with CMT1A underwent imaging on a high‐gradient 7T MRI scanner using a 28‐channel knee coil. Two high‐resolution axial images were simultaneously acquired using a quantitative double‐echo in steady‐state (DESS) sequence. By comparing the two DESS echoes, T2 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were calculated. The cross‐sectional areas and mean T2 and ADC were measured in individual fascicles of the tibial and fibular (peroneal) portions of the sciatic nerve at its bifurcation and 10 mm distally. Disease severity was measured using Charcot–Marie–Tooth Examination Score (CMTES) version 2 and compared to imaging findings.ResultsWe demonstrated the feasibility of 7T MRI of the proximal sciatic nerve in patients with CMT1A. Using the higher field, it was possible to measure individual bundles in the tibial and fibular divisions of the sciatic nerve. There was no apparent correlation between diffusion measures and disease severity in this small cohort.DiscussionThis pilot study indicated that high‐resolution MRI that allows for combined anatomical and quantitative imaging in one scan is feasible at 7T field strengths and can be used to investigate the microstructure of individual nerve fascicles.