bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Post Office IT scandal – why IT audit is essential for effective corporate governance
Authors: Christie James 
Published: November 2022

The Post Office Horizon scandal is possibly the most serious corporate failure in the United Kingdom in living memory, and possibly for more than a century. This is because of its disastrous consequences for hundreds (perhaps thousands) of individuals who were wrongly prosecuted by the Post Office and who lost their livelihoods, and often their homes, on the basis of incomplete and misleading evidence from its Horizon computerized accounting system. That corporate failure has given rise to the most extensive miscarriage of justice in English legal history, with an unprecedented number of wrongful convictions now in the process of being reversed.The Post Office Horizon scandal had many features and causes, but a significant contributory failure was that of corporate governance. There were many warning signs over the years, which should have been acted upon by Post Office Internal Audit and in particular, by specialist IT auditors. The evidence is clear that the Post Office failed to live up to its commitment to corporate governance, and that this failure was neither detected nor acted upon by the government, if civil servants and ministers were aware of the failure, until too late. An effective IT audit function would have contributed significantly to a prevention of the scandal.
Index words: Post Office, Horizon, Fujitsu, IT audit, internal audit, corporate governance, Three Lines of Defence, Institute of Internal Auditors, IIA, AICPA, IAASB, SSAE 16, SSAE 18, ISAE 3402, SAS 70, ISAE 3000, SOC-1, SOC-2, SOC-3, Trust Services Criteria, processing integrity, Justice for Subpostmasters Alliance, Ernst & Young
Implementing the electronic signature law in Tanzania – successes, challenges, and prospects
Authors: John Ubena 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In a bid to implement the Electronic Transactions Act 2015, Tanzania initiated the adoption of a National Public Key infrastructure (PKI) framework. However, the plan has not been executed as expected because of certain gaps and ambiguities in the laws. This article examines the existing laws providing for the legal validity, admissibility and enforceability of electronic signatures especially using PKI; identifies the weaknesses of the existing laws and recommends new laws relevant to PKI that should be considered, and their rationale.
Index words: Tanzania, electronic signature, PKI, cryptography, certification
problema no ensino de ciências
Authors: Pacheco Décio 
Published: November 2022

Resumo: A partir de uma experiência pedagógica que ilustra um dos principais problemas do ensino de ciências, podemos neste artigo, confrontar duas das direções metodológicas possíveis para se assumir a organização conceitual do conteúdo, que traduz uma forte característica do ensino tradicional, ou o estudo dos fenômenos, que se abre para uma postura inovadora.
Palavras-chave: ensino de ciências; metodologia do ensino.

Abstract: This article is based on an educational experience that illustrates one of the main problems concerning the teaching of sciences. From this experience we can assume one of the two different methodological orientations: the conceptual content organization, that is strongly connected to traditional teaching, or the study of phenomena, that leads to an innovate posture.
Keywords: science teaching; teaching methodology.
Concepções de mundo veiculadas no ensino de história do curso ginasial em Minas: 1954 - 1964
Authors: Nunes Silma do Carmos 
Published: November 2022

Resumo: Este artigo busca discutir as concepções de mundo veiculadas no ensino de História no estado de Minas Gerais no período de 1954-1964, no antigo urso Ginasial, hoje, 5ª a 8ª séries do 1° grau.
Procura mostrar também as suas relações e influências no ensino de História do referido Estado em épocas posteriores, inclusive nos dias de hoje. Pesquisa recente revelou que aquelas concepções de mundo caracterizam-se por serem tradicionais, conservadoras e liberais-burguesas, o que aqui se pretendeu investigar.
Palavras-chave: ensino de história; concepções de mundo; conservadorismo.

Abstract: This article has an aim of discussing the conception of the world in History teaching in the state of Minas Gerais from 1954 to 1964, at the old “Curso Ginasial” which is now “5ª, 6ª, 7ª and 8ª” of “1° grau”.
It also tries to show its relations and influences of History teaching in Minas Gerais afterwards up to nowadays. Recent researches reveled that those conceptions were characterized ad being traditional and conservative, and this was what we intended to discuss here.
Keywords: teaching history; worldviews; conservatism.
Mito
Authors: Lara Tiago Adão 
Published: November 2022

[…] Não é fácil desincumbir-se da tarefa de falar ou de escrever sobre o mito. Em primeiro lugar, porque o termo mito reveste-se. hoje, de significado bem diverso daquele que ele tinha antigamente quando a única forma de teorizar sobre a realidade eram os mitos. Para os povos antigos, o mito era palavra verdadeira. Esses povos sabiam distinguir bem entre as histórias, às quais atribuíam valor de explicação, sobre a origem do universo, da vida, dos grupos humanos, das instituições... e as outras histórias, com valor puramente ficcional. Esses povos não dispunham ainda de teorias elaboradas, com o rigor da lógica filosófica e, muito menos, de teorias científicas, convalidadas pelos testes experimentais. A fantasia predominava, nas explicações, com as quais tentavam elucidar os fenómenos da natureza e as situações existenciais. Em linguagem de hoje, podemos dizer que, para os antigos, mitos não eram fábulas. Os mitos são verdadeiros, as fábulas são puras ficções. […]
Palavras-chave: Mito; Linguagem; Lógica filosófica.
Dinámica de contaminación de pasturas con huevos de nematodos gastrointestinales de bovinos en el Valle de Lerma, Salta
Authors: Olmos Leandro H. , Lloberas María M. , Moreno Ramiro D. , Aguirre Daniel H. , Suárez Víctor H. 
Published: November 2022

El Valle de Lerma (VDL) es una región ubicada en la parte central de la provincia de Salta, República Argentina, la cual da origen a la mayor parte de la producción láctea provincial. La nematodiasis gastrointestinal es uno de los problemas sanitarios de mayor impacto económico en los sistemas productivos de base pastoril. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la variación estacional de la eliminación de huevos y géneros de nematodos al medio ambiente. Mensualmente se tomaron muestras de materia fecal en bovinos de recría para conteo de huevos por gramo (HPG) y coprocultivo para determinación de géneros en tres establecimientos ganaderos de la región. En todos ellos se observaron dos picos en los valores medios de HPG, que ocurrieron entre principios de verano y fines de otoño. Los géneros/especies más prevalentes fueron Cooperia pectinata, Haemonchus spp. y Cooperia punctata, seguidos por Oesophagostomum spp., Trichostrongylus spp. y Ostertagia spp. Estos resultados aportan nueva evidencia al conocimiento de la epidemiología de los nematodos gastrointestinales de los bovinos en la región del VDL.
Characteristics and karyotype analysis of a patient with turner syndrome complicated with multiple-site tumors: A case report
Authors: Yang Li , Yang Yu , Qin Yao , Feng Ya-Qin , Xie Li-Ling , Zhang Dong-Guang 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is a congenital chromosomal abnormality that affects approximately 1 in 2,500 people. Both in China and abroad, few studies exist on the incidence of tumors in patients with TS. Most reported cases are complicated with gonadal germ cell tumors, and extragonadal tumors are rare, with the latter not yet being reported in China. Through chromosome karyotype analysis and surgical exploration, a pediatric patent was diagnosed with TS complicated with gonadoblastoma and adrenal neuroblastoma. The patient was short in stature and had a facial deformity. After admission, adrenal computed tomography was conducted, and a right adrenal mass was identified as a neurogenic tumor. After surgical resection and gonadal exploration, the pathological results revealed left gonadoblastoma, right gonadal stromal cell hyperplasia, and ganglion neuroblastoma (mixed type) in the right adrenal gland. Pediatric patients with TS have an increased likelihood of developing neuroblastoma and adrenal-related tumors, and changes in adrenal hormone levels and clinical manifestations are often not obvious when combined with adrenal-related tumors. To avoid missed diagnosis and delayed treatment, screening for adrenal tumors is therefore recommended for patients with TS before the initiation of growth hormone treatment.
Testing and Evaluating the High-Temperature Rutting Development of Steel Deck Asphalt Pavement Using Full-Scale Accelerated Pavement Testing
Authors: Shi Jiachen , Cong Lin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Steel deck asphalt pavement (SDAP) significantly differs from traditional pavement in terms of substructure and service environment, so its rutting development is unique. Indoor tests and the finite element method cannot competently simulate service environment and accurately show the rutting development of SDAP. In this study, the rutting development of SDAP was evaluated using full-scale accelerated pavement testing (APT). First, a steel bridge with two different pavement structures was constructed and a heating system was installed to keep the high temperature. Second, three indoor tests—dynamic stability (DS), hardness number (HN), and indentation—were conducted to quantify the rutting resistance of pavement materials, and the Mobile Load Simulator 66 executed the APT. The indoor results showed that DS and HN correlated well with the APT rut depth. With the increase of APT loading cycles, the rutting depth, the ratio of sag area to uplift area, and the ratio of sag area to full areas were increased. Meanwhile, the rutting depth changing speed and the ratio of uplift area to full areas declined with the loading. A rutting depth prediction model (RPM) was proposed based on the number of loading cycles and the initial rutting depth at 5,000 loading cycles. The RPM applied well to the previous study’s test data, indicating that rut development can be evaluated by its early status.
Omphalitis Hospitalizations at a US Children’s Hospital
Authors: Hester Gabrielle , King Erin , Nickel Amanda , Smedshammer Steven , Wageman Katherine 
Published: November 2022

OBJECTIVES
To describe demographics, presentation, resource use, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with omphalitis.

METHODS
This was a retrospective descriptive study of infants with omphalitis at a children’s hospital system between January 2006 and December 2020. Presentation, resource use, and outcomes (omphalitis complications [eg, necrotizing fasciitis], 30-day related cause revisit, and death) were described.

RESULTS
Ninety-one patients had a primary or secondary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth or 10th Revision, code for omphalitis. Seventy-eight patients were included in analysis (47 with omphalitis as primary reason for admission). Patients with omphalitis as the primary reason for admission presented with rash (44 of 47, 93.6%), fussiness/irritability (19 of 47, 40.4%), and fever (6 of 47, 12.8%). C-reactive protein was minimally elevated, with a median of 0.4 mg/dL (interquartile range 0.29–0.85).
Among all patients, blood cultures were positive in 3 (3 of 78, 3.8%) and most had positive wound cultures (70 of 78, 89.7%), with primarily gram-positive organisms. Median duration of intravenous antibiotics was 5 days (interquartile range 3–7). No patients had complications of omphalitis or death. Five patients (5 of 78, 6.4%) had a 30-day revisit for a related cause.

CONCLUSIONS
We found variation in presentation and management of patients with omphalitis at our tertiary children’s hospital system. Wound cultures, but not blood tests, were helpful in guiding management in the majority of cases. There were no complications of omphalitis or deaths.
Operators for reclassification queries in a temporal multidimensional model
Authors: Moreno Francisco , Arango Fernando 
Published: November 2022

Data warehouse dimensions are usually considered to be static because their schema and data tend not to change; however, both dimension schema and dimension data can change. This paper focuses on a type of dimension data change called reclassification which occurs when a member of a certain level becomes a member of a higher level in the same dimension, e.g. when a product changes category (it is reclassified). This type of change gives rise to the notion of classification period and to a type of query that can be useful for decision-support. For example, What were total chess-set sales during first classification period in Toy category? A set of operators has been proposed to facilitate formulating this type of query and it is shown how to incorporate them in SQL, a familiar database developer language. Our operators' expressivity is also shown because formulating such queries without using these operators usually leads to complex and nonintuitive solutions.
El debate medioambiental cincuenta años después de «Los límites del crecimiento»
Authors: Navas Alejandro 
Published: November 2022

El club de Roma surgió con el propósito de mejorar el futuro del mundo a largo plazo de manera interdisciplinar y holística. En Los límites del crecimiento planteaban la tesis de que el planeta dispone de unos recursos limitados y que se ponen en riesgo por el crecimiento de la población, el crecimiento económico y el incremento de la huella ecológica. Cincuenta años después de su publicación el balance global no invita al optimismo.
Association of ACE gene polymorphisms with cardiovascular events in patients after elective percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Nalesnik E. O. , Muslimova E. F. , Afanasiev S. A. , Repin A. N. 
Published: November 2022

Aim. To reveal the association of the INS/DEL polymorphism of the angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) gene with acute and long-term complications of elective percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).Material and methods. This prospective study included 286 patients with chronic coronary artery disease who underwent elective endovascular myocardial revascularization in accordance with current guidelines. The ACE gene INS/DEL (I/D) polymorphism was determined in patients using polymerase chain reaction. Acute periprocedural complications were recorded. Acute myocardial injury (AMI) was detected in 30,4% of patients. Type 4a acute myocardial infarction developed in 3,1% of patients. A significant decrease in the glomerular filtration rate by more than 30% due to periprocedural acute kidney injury (AKI) was diagnosed in 6,5% of patients. Outcomes of elective PCIs were assessed after 4 years via telephone interviews. Cardiovascular and any-cause mortality was 3,6% and 5,1%, respectively. Acute coronary syndrome during the follow-up period developed in 15,2%, while cerebrovascular accident — in 5,4% of patients. Any-stent thrombosis was detected in 10%, and restenosis ≥30% — in 21,8% of patients. Statistical analysis was carried out using the STATISTICA 10. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated with a 95% confidence interval.Results. Analysis of the association of ACE gene I/D polymorphism with acute and long-term complications of the PCI revealed that the presence of I allele is associated with the risk of periprocedural AKI (p=0,017; OR, 2,627 (1,161- 5,947)), as well as long-term cardiovascular events, vascular complications such as acute coronary syndrome (p=0,045; OR, 1,610 (1,007-2,573)) and stent thrombosis (p=0,01; OR, 2,073 (1,178-3,650)). The presence of genotype II further increases the risk of AKI (p=0,029; OR, 5,138 (1,022-25,824)), any acute clinical complications of PCI (p=0,041; OR, 1,996 (1,024-3,980)), and stent thrombosis (p=0,018, OR, 3,498 (1,178-10,392)).Conclusion. In patients with chronic coronary artery disease, the carriage of allele I and genotype II of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism is associated with the risk of acute clinical complications of elective PCI, periprocedural AKI, as well as the risk of stent thrombosis and acute coronary syndrome within 4-year follow-up period after PCI.
Polymorphism of inflammatory system genes in the pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Sinitskaya A. V. , Khutornaya M. V. , Sinitsky M. Yu. , Khryachkova O. N. , Asanov M. A. , Ponasenko A. V. 
Published: November 2022

Aim. To assess the contribution of polymorphic variants of inflammatory response genes to the predisposition to rheumatic heart disease.Material and methods. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, we analyzed the prevalence of 18 polymorphic variants of 8 genes involved in the inflammatory process in 251 patients with rheumatic heart disease and 300 healthy donors.Results. We found that homozygous TT genotypes of rs1800871 (IL10) (p=0,02) and TT rs1800872 (IL10) polymorphisms (p=0,027), as well as TT genotypes of CRP gene (rs1205) (p=0,015) and GG genotypes of rs375947 (IL12RB) (p=0,037) are "risky" and associated with the development of rheumatic heart disease.Conclusion. Associations of polymorphic variants rs1800871 and rs1800872 of the IL10 gene, rs1205 of the CRP gene, and rs375947 of the IL12RB gene can be an important link in the pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease and can later be used as biological markers for a personalized assessment of the disease risk.
Hardware, software and organizational means of protecting information system resources from unauthorized access by SQL injections
Authors: Газизов А.Р. 
Published: November 2022

Рассматриваются аппаратно-программные и организационные средства защиты ресурсов информационной системы персональных данных от несанкционированного доступа путем SQL-инъекций. В соответствии с Федеральным законом от 27 июля 2006 года № 152-ФЗ «О персональных данных» под информационной системой персональных данных (далее – ИСПДн) будем понимать совокупность содержащихся в базах данных персональных данных и обеспечивающих их обработку информационных технологий и технических средств. Анализ безопасности ресурсов ИСПДн относительно несанкционированного доступа к данным (далее – НСД) путем SQL-инъекций включает пять условных этапов: сбор информации в ИСПДн, сканирование ИСПДн, получение доступа к ИСПДн, закрепление в ИСПДн, формирование отчета; при этом анализ безопасности всегда сопряжен с НСД. Для предотвращения НСД от SQL-инъекций предлагаются следующие программно-аппаратные решения, позволяющие минимизировать последствия несанкционированного воздействия на ИСПДн: брандмауэр web-приложений для фильтрации вредоносных данных; регулярные обновления и исправления; минимизация использования привилегий уровня администратора; минимизация открытой информации об архитектуре баз данных (далее – БД) ИСПДн из сообщений об ошибках; непрерывный мониторинг операторов SQL-инъекций из приложений, подключенных к БД.
The article discusses hardware, software and organizational means of protecting the resources of the personal data information system from unauthorized access by SQL injections. The use of cloud storage as a place to store information implies a number of In accordance with Federal Law No. 152-FZ of July 27, 2006 “On Personal Data”, the personal Data Information System (ISPDn) will be understood as a set of personal data contained in databases and information technologies and technical means that ensure their processing. The analysis of the security of ISPDn resources with respect to NSD by SQL injection includes five conditional stages: collecting information in ISPDn, scanning ISPDn, gaining access to ISPDn, fixing in ISPDn, generating a report; at the same time, security analysis is always associated with unauthorized access to data. To prevent NSD from SQL injections, the following hardware and software solutions are proposed to minimize the consequences of unauthorized exposure to ISPDn: a firewall of web applications for filtering malicious data; regular updates and corrections; minimizing the use of administrator-level privileges; minimizing open information about the architecture of the ISPDn database from error messages; continuous monitoring of SQL statements-injections from applications connected to the database.
Исследование влияния адгезионных добавок на физико-химические свойства дорожного битума
Authors: Салахов Р.Х. , Телтаев Б.Б. , Ельшибаев А.О. , Нугманова А.У. , Кетегенов Т.А. , Кенжегалиева А.P. 
Published: November 2022

В настоящей работе представлены результаты экспериментального исследования физико-химических характеристик битума марки БНД 100/130 с использованием адгезионных добавок («Wetfix Be», Амдор-9, AlfaDob) и проведен сопоставительный анализ битумного вяжущего без добавки и с применением адгезионных добавок. Кроме этого были найдены изменения величин пенетрации при температуре 25 °С, вязкость битума при 0 °С, температура хрупкости по Фраасу, температура размягчения по КИШ (кольцо и шар), способностью битума к растяжению (дуктильность). Определена устойчивость битума к старению после прогрева по изменению температуры размягчения, изменению массы (%), остаточной пенетрации при 25 °С (%), изменению абсолютных значений температуры хрупкости. По результатам исследований сделаны выводы по подбору поверхностно-активных веществ улучшающих физико-химические свойства битумного вяжущего. Практическая ценность работы заключается в получении адгезионной добавки с оптимальным процентным составом удовлетворяющим требованиям битумного вяжущего для использования в дорожном строительстве автомобильных дорог РК.
COOPERATION OF EU COUNTRIES WITH MERCOSUR AND СELAC: REGIONAL AND GLOBAL DIMENSION
Authors: Vakarchuk К. V. 
Published: November 2022

The article considers the main forms of cooperation between the EU countries and the largest associations of Latin American countries MERCOSUR and СELAC. The historical basis is analyzed through the prism of the theory of neoliberalism and the concept of regionalism, the search for models of interaction of the common future of regional associations. It is noted that relations between the EU and Latin America also influenced the accession of Portugal and Spain to the European Community and significantly strengthened their cooperation. The main stages and periods of cooperation are indicated: economic, political, cultural, and social. Each period has different results since the internal political processes of states played a significant role, which influencing further decisions. A detailed analysis of bi-regional meetings, summits, and negotiation processes of the countries-participants of the studied associations.
It is noted that the EU actively uses the theory of neoliberalism as one of the main mechanisms for interaction with other countries, in particular, it considers relations both with the region as a whole and through cooperation with MERCOSUR and CELAC. This approach contributes to a more effective and multilateral dialogue that involves many areas of activity and the interests of partners at different levels of international relations, using the policy of soft power.
The main problems and difficulties that have arisen on the way to signing a document on the creation of a common free trade area between the EU and MERCOSUR are outlined. The article considers a significant documentary base on various meetings and summits since they became the basis for the signing of a joint declaration in 2019. Today, the EU interacts with Latin America at several levels: continental, regional, and bilateral, resulting in a network of discussions, negotiations, and joint efforts for deeper cooperation.