bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference in muscle synergies of the butterfly technique with and without swimmer’s shoulder
Authors: Matsuura Yuiko , Matsunaga Naoto , Akuzawa Hiroshi , Kojima Tsuyoshi , Oshikawa Tomoki , Iizuka Satoshi , Okuno Keisuke , Kaneoka Koji 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether muscle synergy differs between swimmers with and without swimmer's shoulder in the butterfly technique. Muscle synergies, which can assess muscle coordination, were analyzed using surface electromyography. Twenty elite swimmers were included in this study (swimmer's shoulder: n = 8; control: n = 12). The motions involved in executing the butterfly technique were classified into the early pull-through, late pull-through, and recovery phases. Muscle synergy data analyzed using the nonnegative matrix factorization method were compared between the two groups.The swimming velocities were 1.66 ± 0.09 m・s −1 and 1.69 ± 0.06 m・s −1 for the control and swimmer's shoulder groups, respectively. Four muscle synergies in both groups were identified: synergy #1, which was involved in the early pull; synergy #2, involved in the late pull; synergy #3, involved in the early recovery; and synergy #4, involved in pre- and posthand entry. Compared to the control group, the swimmer's shoulder group had a small contribution from the pectoralis major (p = 0.032) and a high contribution from the rectus femoris during the early pull phase (p = 0.036). In the late pull phase, the contribution of the lower trapezius muscle in the swimmer's shoulder group was low (p = 0.033), while the contribution of the upper trapezius muscle in the pre- and postentry phases was high (p = 0.032). In the rehabilitation of athletes with swimmer's shoulder, it is therefore important to introduce targeted muscle rehabilitation in each phase.
Deep learning-based breast cancer grading and survival analysis on whole-slide histopathology images
Authors: Wetstein Suzanne C. , de Jong Vincent M. T. , Stathonikos Nikolas , Opdam Mark , Dackus Gwen M. H. E. , Pluim Josien P. W. , van Diest Paul J. , Veta Mitko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBreast cancer tumor grade is strongly associated with patient survival. In current clinical practice, pathologists assign tumor grade after visual analysis of tissue specimens. However, different studies show significant inter-observer variation in breast cancer grading. Computer-based breast cancer grading methods have been proposed but only work on specifically selected tissue areas and/or require labor-intensive annotations to be applied to new datasets. In this study, we trained and evaluated a deep learning-based breast cancer grading model that works on whole-slide histopathology images. The model was developed using whole-slide images from 706 young (< 40 years) invasive breast cancer patients with corresponding tumor grade (low/intermediate vs. high), and its constituents nuclear grade, tubule formation and mitotic rate. The performance of the model was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa on an independent test set of 686 patients using annotations by expert pathologists as ground truth. The predicted low/intermediate (n = 327) and high (n = 359) grade groups were used to perform survival analysis. The deep learning system distinguished low/intermediate versus high tumor grade with a Cohen’s Kappa of 0.59 (80% accuracy) compared to expert pathologists. In subsequent survival analysis the two groups predicted by the system were found to have a significantly different overall survival (OS) and disease/recurrence-free survival (DRFS/RFS) (p < 0.05). Univariate Cox hazard regression analysis showed statistically significant hazard ratios (p < 0.05). After adjusting for clinicopathologic features and stratifying for molecular subtype the hazard ratios showed a trend but lost statistical significance for all endpoints. In conclusion, we developed a deep learning-based model for automated grading of breast cancer on whole-slide images. The model distinguishes between low/intermediate and high grade tumors and finds a trend in the survival of the two predicted groups.
Tuning of silicon nitride micro-cavities by controlled nanolayer deposition
Authors: Kalashnikov Dmitry A. , Alagappan Gandhi , Hu Ting , Lim Nelson , Leong Victor , Png Ching Eng , Krivitsky Leonid A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntegration of single-photon emitters (SPEs) with resonant photonic structures is a promising approach for realizing compact and efficient single-photon sources for quantum communications, computing, and sensing. Efficient interaction between the SPE and the photonic cavity requires that the cavity's resonance matches the SPE’s emission line. Here we demonstrate a new method for tuning silicon nitride (Si3N4) microring cavities via controlled deposition of the cladding layers. Guided by numerical simulations, we deposit silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanolayers onto Si3N4 ridge structures in steps of 50 nm. We show tuning of the cavity resonance exceeding a free spectral range (FSR) of 3.5 nm without degradation of the quality-factor (Q-factor) of the cavity. We then complement this method with localized laser heating for fine-tuning of the cavity. Finally, we verify that the cladding deposition does not alter the position and spectral properties of nanoparticles placed on the cavity, which suggests that our method can be useful for integrating SPEs with photonic structures.
Dielectric screening versus geometry deformation in two-dimensional allotropes of silicon and germanium
Authors: Sindona Antonello , Vacacela Gomez Cristian , Pisarra Michele 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe search for connections between electronic and structural features is a key factor in the synthesis of artificial materials for on-demand applications, with graphene and analogous elemental semimetals playing a distinguished role as building blocks of photonic and plasmonic systems. In particular, a diversity of arrangements and electronic-state dispersions is offered by currently synthesized two-dimensional allotropes of silicon and germanium, respectively known as silicene and germanene. These monolayers make the ideal playground to understand how their collective and single-particle electronic states, excited by electron or light beams, may be controlled by geometry rather than doping or gating. Here, we provide such a study using time-dependent density-functional theory, in the random-phase approximation, to identify the structural dependent properties of charge-density plasmon oscillations and optical absorption in flat to buckled silicene and germanene lattices. We further single out flat germanene as an unprecedented two-dimensional conductor, hosting Dirac cone fermions in parallel with metal-like charge carriers, which contribute to strong intraband plasmon modes and one-electron excitations in the far-infrared limit. Finally, we show how this atypical scenario can be tuned by external stress or strain.
Expression of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome in Peripheral blood in Chinese patients with acute and chronic brucellosis
Authors: Su Xiao , Zhao Shigang , Song Yijun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBrucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella abortus. An efficient immune response is crucial for curing brucellosis. The inflammasome plays a significant role in the immune response. It is unclear which inflammasome is active in acute and chronic brucellosis and how its levels relate to inflammatory cytokines. A total of 40 patients with acute or chronic brucellosis and 20 healthy volunteers had peripheral blood samples collected. The expression levels of AIM2, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 were determined by a real-time polymerase chain reaction from RNA and serum samples, and IL-1β, IL-18, and IFN-γ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the acute brucellosis group, AIM2 expression was significantly higher, while ACS expression was significantly lower than that of healthy volunteers. In patients with chronic brucellosis, AIM2 expression was significantly lower, while Caspase-1 expression was significantly higher than that of healthy volunteers. Serum IL-18 and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in patients with acute brucellosis than in healthy controls. The IFN-γ level was also significantly higher in patients with chronic brucellosis than in healthy controls. The inflammasome responds differently in different stages of brucellosis. The inflammasome may be the site of action of immune escape in brucellosis.
Prediction of disease progression indicators in prostate cancer patients receiving HDR-brachytherapy using Raman spectroscopy and semi-supervised learning: a pilot study
Authors: Milligan Kirsty , Deng Xinchen , Ali-Adeeb Ramie , Shreeves Phillip , Punch Samantha , Costie Nathalie , Crook Juanita M. , Brolo Alexandre G. , Lum Julian J. , Andrews Jeffrey L. , Jirasek Andrew 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work combines Raman spectroscopy (RS) with supervised learning methods—group and basis restricted non-negative matrix factorisation (GBR-NMF) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)—to aid in the prediction of clinical indicators of disease progression in a cohort of 9 patients receiving high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) as the primary treatment for intermediate risk (D’Amico) prostate adenocarcinoma. The combination of Raman spectroscopy and GBR-NMF-sparseLDA modelling allowed for the prediction of the following clinical information; Gleason score, cancer of the prostate risk assessment (CAPRA) score of pre-treatment biopsies and a Ki67 score of < 3.5% or > 3.5% in post treatment biopsies. The three clinical indicators of disease progression investigated in this study were predicted using a single set of Raman spectral data acquired from each individual biopsy, obtained pre HDR-BT treatment. This work highlights the potential of RS, combined with supervised learning, as a tool for the prediction of multiple types of clinically relevant information to be acquired simultaneously using pre-treatment biopsies, therefore opening up the potential for avoiding the need for multiple immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining procedures (H&E, Ki67) and blood sample analysis (PSA) to aid in CAPRA scoring.
A novel optimized tiny YOLOv3 algorithm for the identification of objects in the lawn environment
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Lv Feng , Li Lei , Yi Zhengyang , Jiang Quan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBased on the problem of insufficient accuracy of the original tiny YOLOv3 algorithm for object detection in a lawn environment, an Optimized tiny YOLOv3 algorithm with less computation and higher accuracy is proposed. Three reasons affect the accuracy of the original tiny YOLOv3 algorithm for detecting objects in a lawn environment. First, the backbone of the original algorithm is composed of a stack of a single convolutional layer and a max-pooling layer, which results in insufficient ability to extract feature information of objects. An enhancement module is proposed to enhance the feature extraction capability of the shallow layers of the network. Second, the information of the shallow convolutional layers of the backbone is not fully used, which results in insufficient detection capability for small objects. Third, the deep part of the backbone uses a convolutional layer with an excessive number of channels, which results in a large amount of computation. A multi-resolution fusion module is proposed to enhance the information interaction capability of the deep and shallow layers of the network, and reduce the computation. To verify the accuracy of this Optimized tiny YOLOv3 algorithm, the algorithm was tested on the dataset containing trunk, spherical tree and person, and compared with the current research. The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper improves the detection accuracy while reducing the calculation.
Validation of Amazon Halo Movement: a smartphone camera-based assessment of movement health
Authors: Fanton Michael , Harari Yaar , Giffhorn Matthew , Lynott Allie , Alshan Eli , Mendley Jonathan , Czerwiec Madeline , Macaluso Rebecca , Ideses Ianir , Oks Eduard , Jayaraman Arun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMovement health is understanding our body’s ability to perform movements during activities of daily living such as lifting, reaching, and bending. The benefits of improved movement health have long been recognized and are wide-ranging from improving athletic performance to helping ease of performing simple tasks, but only recently has this concept been put into practice by clinicians and quantitatively studied by researchers. With digital health and movement monitoring becoming more ubiquitous in society, smartphone applications represent a promising avenue for quantifying, monitoring, and improving the movement health of an individual. In this paper, we validate Halo Movement, a movement health assessment which utilizes the front-facing camera of a smartphone and applies computer vision and machine learning algorithms to quantify movement health and its sub-criteria of mobility, stability, and posture through a sequence of five exercises/activities. On a diverse cohort of 150 participants of various ages, body types, and ability levels, we find moderate to strong statistically significant correlations between the Halo Movement assessment overall score, metrics from sensor-based 3D motion capture, and scores from a sequence of 13 standardized functional movement tests. Further, the smartphone assessment is able to differentiate regular healthy individuals from professional movement athletes (e.g., dancers, cheerleaders) and from movement impaired participants, with higher resolution than that of existing functional movement screening tools and thus may be more appropriate than the existing tests for quantifying functional movement in able-bodied individuals. These results support using Halo Movement’s overall score as a valid assessment of movement health.
Cognitive science theory-driven pharmacology elucidates the neurobiological basis of perception-motor integration
Authors: Eggert Elena , Prochnow Astrid , Roessner Veit , Frings Christian , Münchau Alexander , Mückschel Moritz , Beste Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn efficient integration of sensory and motor processes is crucial to goal-directed behavior. Despite this high relevance, and although cognitive theories provide clear conceptual frameworks, the neurobiological basis of these processes remains insufficiently understood. In a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled pharmacological study, we examine the relevance of catecholamines for perception-motor integration processes. Using EEG data, we perform an in-depth analysis of the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms, focusing on sensorimotor integration processes during response inhibition. We show that the catecholaminergic system affects sensorimotor integration during response inhibition by modulating the stability of the representational content. Importantly, catecholamine levels do not affect the stability of all aspects of information processing during sensorimotor integration, but rather—as suggested by cognitive theory—of specific codes in the neurophysiological signal. Particularly fronto-parietal cortical regions are associated with the identified mechanisms. The study shows how cognitive science theory-driven pharmacology can shed light on the neurobiological basis of perception-motor integration and how catecholamines affect specific information codes relevant to cognitive control.
NAT10 regulates neutrophil pyroptosis in sepsis via acetylating ULK1 RNA and activating STING pathway
Authors: Zhang Hao , Chen Zhaoyuan , Zhou Ji’an , Gu Jiahui , Wu Han , Jiang Yi , Gao Shenjia , Liao Yun , Shen Ruling , Miao Changhong , Chen Wankun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that pyroptosis is involved in sepsis. However, the role of neutrophil pyroptosis in sepsis and the mechanisms remains elusive. We find that N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), an acetyltransferase responsible for the N4-acetylation of Cytidine (ac4C) in mRNA, is significantly downregulated in neutrophils from septic mice. Neutrophil-specific over-expression of NAT10 improves the survival and ameliorates lung injury in septic mice by inhibiting neutrophil pyroptosis. Notably, UNC-52-like kinase 1 (ULK1) is identified as the target of NAT10 in neutrophils. The decreased expression of NAT10 resultes in the decay of ULK1 transcripts and therefore the reduced expression of ULK1. As a regulator of STING phosphorylation, the loss of ULK1 enhances the activation of STING-IRF3 signaling and subsequently the elevated pyroptosis-inducing NLRP3 inflammasome in neutrophils. While over-expression of NAT10 restrains pyroptosis in neutrophils as well as septic lethality in mice by reversing the ULK1-STING-NLRP3 axis. The decreased expression of NAT10 are also observed in sepsis patients and its correlation with clinical severity is found. Collectively, our findings disclose that NAT10 is a negative regulator of neutrophil pyroptosis and its downregulation contributes to the progress of sepsis by exacerbating pyroptosis via the ULK1-STING-NLRP3 axis, therefore revealing a potential therapeutic target for sepsis.
Three-body bound states in antiferromagnetic spin ladders
Authors: Schmiedinghoff Gary , Müller Leanna , Kumar Umesh , Uhrig Götz S. , Fauseweh Benedikt 
Published: September 2022

AbstractStable bound quantum states are ubiquitous in nature. Mostly, they result from the interaction of only pairs of particles, so called two-body interactions, even when large complex many-particle structures are formed. We show that three-particle bound states occur in a generic, experimentally accessible solid state system: antiferromagnetic spin ladders, related to high-temperature superconductors. This binding is induced by genuine three-particle interactions; without them there is no bound state. We compute the dynamic exchange structure factor required for the experimental detection of the predicted state by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering for realistic material parameters. Our work enables us to quantify these elusive interactions and unambiguously establishes their effect on the dynamics of the quantum many-particle state.
Stability of 2D and quasi-2D perovskite materials and devices
Authors: Leung Tik Lun , Ahmad Ishaq , Syed Ali Ashger , Ng Alan Man Ching , Popović Jasminka , Djurišić Aleksandra B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDifferent 2D and quasi-2D perovskite materials have demonstrated significant improvements in the device stability compared to 3D perovskites due to their increased hydrophobicity and suppressed ion migration. However, fundamental investigations of these materials have been scarce and consequently detailed understanding of the processes responsible for experimental phenomena are often lacking despite huge interest in these materials. Even more importantly, there have been a limited number of structure-property studies for different material compositions, and research is generally by trial and error rather than by design. Here we discuss different stability issues in these materials and identify questions which need to be answered to design materials with further stability improvements.
Zur längst überfälligen Diskussion über Begriffe der Sexualpädagogik
Authors: Voß Heinz-Jürgen 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungAngeschlossen an die Diskussion um Begriffe der Sexualerziehung und Sexuellen Bildung votiert der vorliegende Beitrag dafür, klar definierte Begrifflichkeiten zu verwenden und den wissenschaftlichen Wert der Differenzierung zu sehen. Es werden Definitionen vorgeschlagen, die zu einer Klärung der Diskussion beitragen können.
Klinische Angebote zum Schwangerschaftsabbruch im zweiten und dritten Trimenon – eine explorative Erhebung zur aktuellen Versorgungslage
Authors: Böhm Maika , Nitzsche Romy , Walsch Johanna 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland kann – bei schwerwiegender Gefahr für das Leben oder die Gesundheit einer Schwangeren – nach einer medizinischen Indikation durch eine*n Ärzt*in eine Schwangerschaft auch im zweiten oder dritten Trimenon abgebrochen werden. Ein solcher Abbruch geht meist mit einem schwierigen emotionalen Entscheidungsprozess einher. Jedoch ist diese Entscheidung nicht die einzige Herausforderung, der sich Schwangere bei einem Abbruch nach der 14. Schwangerschaftswoche p. m. stellen müssen. Bereits eine Einrichtung zu finden, in der eine medizinische Indikation ausgestellt bzw. der sogenannte „späte“ Abbruch durchgeführt wird, kann unter anderem aufgrund nur schwer zugänglicher Informationen für Betroffene herausfordernd sein. Im Rahmen einer explorativen Studie
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wurden Daten zur medizinischen Versorgung bei Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen im zweiten und dritten Trimenon erhoben, basierend auf Expert*inneninterviews und einer Online-Befragung von medizinischen Einrichtungen. Die Studie weist auf vorhandene Hürden im Zugang zu medizinischen Indikationen sowie unterschiedliche Bewertungen medizinischer Diagnosen für das Ausstellen einer Indikation hin. Zudem wird deutlich, dass die Verfahrensweisen der Kliniken zur Umsetzung des Abbruchs unterschiedlich und für Betroffene wenig transparent sind. Für eine gute Versorgung bei Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen sind eine multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit und Transparenz über vorhandene Angebote wie auch Verfahrensweisen unentbehrlich.
Serial murder in medical clinics and care homes
Authors: Beine Karl H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground Serial murder in clinics and care homes have gained attention more than once in recent years. The strong yet quickly fading public outrage has not yet led to well-founded professional and health-political engagement with the topic. With few systematic studies conducted, knowledge about perpetrator-related and environment-related risk factors in the day-to-day context of healthcare is sparse.Methods Court cases of serial murder in clinics and care homes in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland that were concluded with a final verdict by February 2022 were investigated. Research materials consisted of court documents and observations made during the trials. The cases were evaluated with regard to the victims, crime scenes, methods of killing, perpetrators, and perpetrator motives. 12 serial murders involving 17 perpetrators were included in this study.Results Perpetrator-specific early warning signs included a pronounced insecurity in combination with a striving for prestige and power, which were accompanied by a loss of empathy. Reactions of the colleagues and supervisors of the perpetrators in the immediate professional environment included misjudgement, concern about one’s own disadvantages, feared damage to the reputation of the institution, and insufficient willingness to clarify the situation. As a result, many initial murders went unsuspected and unreported so that the frequency of the criminal activity and the number of victims increased over time.Conclusion More information about serial murder in clinics and care homes is necessary. Research efforts are needed to better assess the prevalence of such crimes and to develop appropriate preventive measures. Circumstances that enable such acts, risk factors, perpetrator profiles, and early-stage countermeasures must be comprehensively addressed in the context of education, training and further education.