bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Governance, natural resources rent, and infrastructure development: Evidence from the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Ali Hamid E. , Bhuiyan Shahjahan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article identifies the role governance plays in developing physical infrastructure through the utilization of natural resource rent as public investment for infrastructure development in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The empirical model employs panel data from 15 MENA countries and two governance indices (GOVI)—GOVI Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and GOVI (Additive). Using the Granger Causality test, a one‐time lag was applied to minimize endogeneity concerns. The article introduces the panel unit roots, and panel Granger noncausality is used for testing stationarity and causal relationships. Estimates of both specifications suggest that improving the quality of governance leads to a significant positive effect on physical infrastructure development in the MENA region. The study departs from the traditional natural resource rent curse arguments and moves toward natural resources rent and good governance indicators for infrastructure development. The findings show that natural resources rent and governance do matter for infrastructure development. This article offers new theoretical and empirical insight in the context of the MENA region.
An efficient learning framework for multiproduct inventory systems with customer choices
Authors: Gao Xiangyu , Zhang Huanan 
Published: February 2022

We consider a periodic‐review multiproduct inventory system where customers' purchasing decisions are affected by the product availabilities. Demands need to be learned on the fly, through the partial and censored feedback of customers. For this learning problem, if one ignores the inventory dynamic and treats it as a multiarmed bandit problem and directly applies some existing algorithms, for example, the upper confidence bound (UCB) algorithm, the convergence can be extremely slow due to the high‐dimensionality of the policy space. We propose a UCB‐based learning framework that utilizes the sales information based on two improvement ideas. We illustrate how these two ideas can be incorporated by considering two specific systems: (1) multiproduct inventory system with stock‐out substitutions, (2) multiproduct inventory assortment problem for urban warehouses. We develop improved UCB algorithms for both systems, using the two improvements. For both systems, the algorithm can achieve a tight worst‐case convergence rate (up to a logarithmic term) on the planning horizon [Formula: see text]. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the improved UCB algorithms for the two systems. In the experiments, when there are more than 1000 candidate policies to choose from, the algorithms can achieve around [Formula: see text] average expected regret within 50 periods and continue to steadily improve as time increases.
Alternative oxidase plays a role in minimizing ROS and RNS produced under salinity stress in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Manbir  , Singh Pooja , Kumari Aprajita , Gupta Kapuganti Jagadis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnder stress conditions, the overproduction of different reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) causes imbalance in the redox homeostasis of the cell leading to nitro‐oxidative stress in plants. Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a conserving terminal oxidase of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which can minimize the ROS. Still, the role of AOX in the regulation of RNS during nitro‐oxidative stress imposed by salinity stress is not known. Here, we investigated the role of AOX in minimizing ROS and RNS induced by 150 mM NaCl in Arabidopsis using transgenic plants overexpressing (AOX OE) and antisense lines (AOX AS) of AOX. Imposing NaCl treatment leads to a 4‐fold enhanced expression of AOX accompanied by enhanced AOX capacity in WT Col‐0. Further AOX‐OE seedlings displayed enhanced growth compared with the AOX‐AS line under stress. Examination of NO levels by DAF‐FM fluorescence and chemiluminescence revealed that AOX overexpression leads to reduced levels of NO. The total NR activity was elevated under NaCl, but no significant change was observed in wild‐type (WT), AOX OE, and AS lines. The total ROS, superoxide, H2O2 levels, and lipid peroxidation were higher in the AOX‐AS line than in WT and AOX‐OE lines. The peroxynitrite levels were also higher in the AOX‐AS line than in WT and AOX‐OE lines; further, the expression of antioxidant genes was elevated in AOX‐AS. Taken together, our results suggest that AOX plays an important role in the mitigation of ROS and RNS levels and enhances plant growth, thus providing tolerance against nitro‐oxidative stress exerted by NaCl.
Does learning different script systems affect configural visual processing? ERP evidence from early readers of Chinese and German
Authors: Ma Xiaoli , Kang Jing , Li Xinran , Maurer Urs , Cao Xiaohua , Sommer Werner 
Published: February 2022

AbstractReading is a complex cultural skill requiring considerable training, apparently affecting also the processing of non‐linguistic visual stimuli. We examined whether the different visual demands involved in reading different script systems—alphabetic German versus logographic Chinese script—would differentially influence configural visual processing. Our main dependent measure was the N170 component of the ERP, which is considered as a signature of configural processing. In the present study, German and Chinese children (N = 28 vs. 27) who had received about one year of formal instruction in their native script system, worked on a series of one‐back tasks with naturalistic faces, two‐tone Mooney faces and doodles, and on an adaptation task with pairs of faces were either identical or differed in their second‐order relations. Chinese children showed larger N170 amplitudes than German children for naturalistic and Mooney faces, specifically indicating superior holistic processing in Chinese children. In contrast, there was no superiority in Chinese children on the second‐order adaptation effect at the N170, providing no evidence for differences in second‐order relations processing of facial configurations between the groups. Given the sensitivity of the visual system to reading acquisition, these findings suggest that these group differences in holistic processing might be due to the extensive training with the highly complex logographic script system learned by Chinese children, imposing high demands on higher‐order visual perception.
Breathing affects self‐other voice discrimination in a bodily state associated with somatic passivity
Authors: Orepic Pavo , Park Hyeong‐Dong , Rognini Giulio , Faivre Nathan , Blanke Olaf 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA growing number of studies have focused on identifying cognitive processes that are modulated by interoceptive signals, particularly in relation to the respiratory or cardiac cycle. Considering the fundamental role of interoception in bodily self‐consciousness, we here investigated whether interoceptive signals also impact self‐voice perception. We applied an interactive, robotic paradigm associated with somatic passivity (a bodily state characterized by illusory misattribution of self‐generated touches to someone else) to investigate whether somatic passivity impacts self‐voice perception as a function of concurrent interoceptive signals. Participants' breathing and heartbeat signals were recorded while they performed two self‐voice tasks (self‐other voice discrimination and loudness perception) and while simultaneously experiencing two robotic conditions (somatic passivity condition; control condition). Our data reveal that respiration, but not cardiac activity, affects self‐voice perception: participants were better at discriminating self‐voice from another person’s voice during the inspiration phase of the respiration cycle. Moreover, breathing effects were prominent in participants experiencing somatic passivity and a different task with the same stimuli (i.e., judging the loudness and not identity of the voices) was unaffected by breathing. Combining interoception and voice perception with self‐monitoring framework, these data extend findings on breathing‐dependent changes in perception and cognition to self‐related processing.
Protective factors for suicidal ideation among Black adolescents indirectly exposed to community violence
Authors: Lambert Sharon F. , Boyd Rhonda C. , Ialongo Nicholas S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveCommunity violence exposure has been identified as a risk factor for Black youth suicide ideation. However, little is known about factors that protect community violence exposed youth against suicide ideation. The current study examined associations between knowledge of family member and peers’ community violence exposure and Black youth's subsequent suicidal ideation, and investigated self‐worth and social support as protective factors.MethodParticipants were a community sample of Black youth (N = 447, 47.4% female; Mage = 11.77, SD = 0.35) who reported about community violence exposure, self‐worth, social support, and suicide ideation in grades 6 and 7.ResultsRegression analyses revealed that grade 6 knowledge of family member and peers’ community violence exposure was associated with increases in suicide ideation assessed in grade 7. Self‐worth attenuated the association between knowledge of others’ community violence exposure and suicide ideation for male adolescents. For female adolescents, social support attenuated the association between knowledge of others’ community violence and suicide ideation.ConclusionsFindings highlight the consequential impact of knowledge about community violence for Black youth's suicidal ideation. Enhancing protective factors for Black youth is an important target for intervening with exposure to violence and reducing suicide ideation.
Changes in the incidence of transfusion reactions in hematological patients over the past 30 years
Authors: Bojanić Ines , Lukić Marija , Plenković Fini , Raos Mirela , Medenjak Marta , Ćepulić Branka Golubic 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with hematological diseases are polytransfused and often immunocompromised, therefore susceptible to transfusion reactions (TR). This study aims to document the incidence of TRs in adult hematological patients and assess the effect of changes in the production of blood components and transfusion practice on their occurrence.Study design and methodsRetrospective observational analysis of TRs reported from 1993 to 2019 was performed. For the analysis of the effect of changes on the incidence of TRs, the evaluated time was divided into two periods: the 1st period before the introduction of changes in production, when leukoreduced blood components were used only selectively, and the 2nd period, when semi‐automated method of production and universal leukoreduction was introduced.ResultsThe decrease in the incidence of TRs was observed for both red blood cell (RBC) and platelet concentrate (PC) transfusions in the 2nd period. Since platelet additive solution has been used, a further decrease in the incidence was reported. The decrease in incidence was also observed for delayed hemolytic/serological transfusion reactions and for transfusion‐transmitted bacterial infections. Four cases of incorrect blood transfusions were uniquely related to the hematological patients, caused by antigen loss and transfusion ordering after ABO‐incompatible hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.DiscussionOur results provided evidence that the introduction of tools offered by modern transfusion medicine: universal leukodepletion, plasma replacement with additive solutions, sensitive laboratory techniques, prophylactic antigen matching policy, informatization, and automatization, decreased the incidence of TRs and improved transfusion safety.
Merchandise export diversification strategy for Tanzania: Promoting inclusive growth, economic complexity and structural change
Authors: Estmann Christian , Sørensen Bjørn Bo , Ndulu Benno , Rand John 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper identifies industries in Tanzania that are critical for (i) upgrading and diversifying the economy, (ii) increasing export revenue and (iii) absorbing labour. First, a Product Space analysis identifies industrial niches, which Tanzania should promote to increase economic complexity and stimulate structural transformation. The identification of industries is based on a supply‐side network method following the literature on economic complexity. Second, we combine the complexity analysis with a gravity model, identifying industries with high, demand‐driven export potential. In combination, the supply‐and‐demand framework finds industries that are complex, feasible to target given Tanzania's existing know‐how and profitable to export given product‐specific trade resistance and geographically dispersed demand. Third, we construct an employment absorption index to identify industries with a high labour intensity. Our findings suggest a high export potential and scope for learning spillovers in complex sectors, such as machinery and chemicals. In contrast, less complex sectors, such as agro‐processing, metal and wood, are correlated with higher employment creation.
Numerical Investigation of Plasma Actuator Effects on Flow Control Over a Three-Dimensional Airfoil With a Sinusoidal Leading Edge
Authors: Pendar Mohammad-Reza , Páscoa José Carlos 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The impetus of the present bio-inspired work is to investigate the impact of simultaneously using wavy leading-edge (WLE) airfoils in combination with curved multidielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators as hybrid passive and active flow control mechanisms, respectively. A precise distinction of the produced frequency and noise signals, altogether with the acoustic effect of using WLE and DBD plasma actuators, is herein analyzed with precision. Two specific DBD plasma actuators are designed to actuate at x/C = 3% and x/C = 30% on a NACA 634-021 airfoil with sinusoidal WLE that bears a wavelength of 25% and an amplitude of 5% of the mean chord length and straight-leading-edge (SLE). A large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model was used. This includes the dynamic control of unsteady flow separation, the three-dimensional vortical structure and induced trains of vortices, the aerodynamic forces, the velocity variation, and also the spanwise flow. The momentum transfer between the main flow and boundary layer was improved by the DBDs-induced vortices train and formed streamwise counter-rotating pair-of-vortices over the tubercle. Also, both the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) methods were used to investigate the induced plasma flow spectral content for the WLE and SLE geometries. We witnessed an optimized flow control, by using DBD plasma actuators with the WLE airfoil, that resulted in less massive flow separation, faster turbulent transition, and a robust earlier flow reattachment. This modification was beneficial in increasing the efficiency and decreasing the noise for low Reynolds number operational conditions.
New test of neutrino oscillation coherence with Leggett–Garg inequality
Authors: Wang Xing-Zhi , Ma Bo-Qiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLeggett–Garg inequality (LGI) is a time analogue of Bell’s inequality that concerns measurements performed on a system at different times. Violation to LGI indicates quantum coherence. We present a Leggett–Garg-type inequality compatible with more general neutrino oscillation frameworks, allowing the effects of decoherence to be taken into consideration. The inequality is applied to test coherence for data from Daya Bay, MINOS, and KamLAND experiments, and their results are compared to theoretical predictions to investigate decoherence. Both Daya Bay and MINOS data exhibit clear violations of over$$10\sigma $$10σ, and of over 90$$\%$$%of theoretical predictions, while the KamLAND data exhibit violation of$$1.9\sigma $$1.9σ, being of 58$$\%$$%of the theoretical prediction. The present work is the first to have considered the energy uncertainties in neutrino coherence tests.
A template method to measure the $$t {\bar{t}}$$ polarisation
Authors: Aguilar-Saavedra J. A. , Fiolhais M. C. N. , Martín-Ramiro P. , Moreno J. M. , Onofre A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe develop a template method for the measurement of the polarisation of $$t {\bar{t}}$$

t

t

¯

pairs produced in hadron collisions. The method would allow to extract the individual fractions of $$t_L \bar{t}_L$$

t
L

t

¯

L

, $$t_R {\bar{t}}_R$$

t
R

t

¯

R

, $$t_L {\bar{t}}_R$$

t
L

t

¯

R

and $$t_R {\bar{t}}_L$$

t
R

t

¯

L

pairs with a fit to data, where L, R refer to the polarisation along any axis. These polarisation fractions have not been independently measured at present. Secondarily, the method also provides the net polarisation of t and $${\bar{t}}$$

t

¯

, as well as their spin correlation for arbitrary axes.
Quantum pricing with a smile: implementation of local volatility model on quantum computer
Authors: Kaneko Kazuya , Miyamoto Koichi , Takeda Naoyuki , Yoshino Kazuyoshi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractQuantum algorithms for the pricing of financial derivatives have been discussed in recent papers. However, the pricing model discussed in those papers is too simple for practical purposes. It motivates us to consider how to implement more complex models used in financial institutions. In this paper, we consider the local volatility (LV) model, in which the volatility of the underlying asset price depends on the price and time. As in previous studies, we use the quantum amplitude estimation (QAE) as the main source of quantum speedup and discuss the state preparation step of the QAE, or equivalently, the implementation of the asset price evolution. We compare two types of state preparation: One is the amplitude encoding (AE) type, where the probability distribution of the derivative’s payoff is encoded to the probabilistic amplitude. The other is the pseudo-random number (PRN) type, where sequences of PRNs are used to simulate the asset price evolution as in classical Monte Carlo simulation. We present detailed circuit diagrams for implementing these preparation methods in fault-tolerant quantum computation and roughly estimate required resources such as the number of qubits and T-count.
Topological indices of the wreath product of graphs
Authors: Zhang Yongqin , Wang Jianfeng , Brunetti Maurizio 
Published: February 2022

Topological indices, i.e., numerical invariants suitably associated to graphs and only depending upon their isomorphism type, have important applications in Chemistry. Their computation constitutes an important branch of Chemical Graph Theory. In this paper, we focus on some degree and distance-based invariants related to the Zagreb indices, the Szeged index and the Wiener index, namely, the F-index, the vertex PI index and the hyper-Wiener index. In particular, we find the formulæ to compute these topological invariants for wreath product of graphs.
An Empirical View on Consolidation of the Web
Authors: Doan Trinh Viet , van Rijswijk-Deij Roland , Hohlfeld Oliver , Bajpai Vaibhav 
Published: February 2022

The majority of Web content is delivered by only a few companies that provide Content Delivery Infrastructuress (CDIss) such as Content Delivery Networkss (CDNss) and cloud hosts. Due to increasing concerns about trends of centralization, empirical studies on the extent and implications of resulting Internet consolidation are necessary. Thus, we present an empirical view on consolidation of the Web by leveraging datasets from two different measurement platforms. We first analyze Web consolidation around CDIs at the level of landing webpages, before narrowing down the analysis to a level of embedded page resources. The datasets cover 1(a) longitudinal measurements of DNS records for 166.5 M Web domains over five years, 1(b) measurements of DNS records for Alexa Top 1 M over a month and (2) measurements of page loads and renders for 4.3 M webpages, which include data on 392.3 M requested resources. We then define
CDIs penetration
as the ratio of CDI-hosted objects to all measured objects, which we use to quantify consolidation around CDIs. We observe that CDI penetration has close to doubled since 2015, reaching a lower bound of 15% for all
.com
,
.net
, and
.org
Web domains as of January 2020. Overall, we find a set of six CDIss to deliver the majority of content across all datasets, with these six CDIss being responsible for more than 80% of all 221.9 M CDI-delivered resources (56.6% of all resources in total). We find high dependencies of Web content on a small group of CDIss, in particular, for fonts, ads, and trackers, as well as JavaScript resources such as jQuery. We further observe CDIss to play important roles in rolling out IPv6 and TLS 1.3 support. Overall, these observations indicate a potential oligopoly, which brings both benefits but also risks to the future of the Web.
Effect of Shenling Baizhu San on Intestinal Flora in a Rat Model of Ulcerative Colitis with Spleen Deficiency and Dampness
Authors: Luo Yiting , Zhu Fangyuan , Wu Jiaqian , Wu Jin , Wu Pei , Liu Yingchao 
Published: February 2022

Objective. Shenling Baizhu San (SLBZS) is reported as an effective drug for ulcerative colitis (UC); however, its effect on intestinal flora remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of SLBZS on intestinal flora in a rat model of UC with spleen deficiency and dampness. Methods. UC was induced in rats using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid on the basis of a model of spleen deficiency and dampness. The 16S rDNA sequencing was used to detect structural changes in the intestinal flora; the phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved state (PICRUSt) analysis was used to predict the altered pathways. Results. Compared with the model group, rats in the SLBZS group exhibited decreased levels of TNF-α

P
<
0.05

, and increased abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora. The abundance of Actinobacteria

P
<
0.001

and Bacteroides

P
<
0.01

increased and that of Firmicutes decreased

P
<
0.001

, and the abundance of Bifidobacterium

P
<
0.05

and Allobaculum increased. PICRUSt analysis showed that the altered pathways between the groups were those of fatty acid and antibiotic biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Conclusions. SLBZS can regulate the structure and function of the intestinal flora, alter expression levels of certain metabolic pathways, and has the potential to treat UC.