bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SWOG 1318: A Phase II Trial of Blinatumomab Followed by POMP Maintenance in Older Patients With Newly Diagnosed Philadelphia Chromosome–Negative B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Advani Anjali S. , Moseley Anna , O'Dwyer Kristen M. , Wood Brent L. , Fang Min , Wieduwilt Matthew J. , Aldoss Ibrahim , Park Jae H. , Klisovic Rebecca B. , Baer Maria R. , Stock Wendy , Bhave Rupali R. , Othus Megan , Harvey Richard C. , Willman Cheryl L. , Litzow Mark R. , Stone Richard M. , Sharon Elad , Erba Harry P. 
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE Chemotherapy outcomes in older patients with Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome–negative B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are very poor. Here, we evaluated blinatumomab as induction and consolidation therapy followed by prednisone, vincristine, 6-mercaptopurine, and methotrexate (POMP) maintenance chemotherapy in this patient population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were treated at National Clinical Trial Network sites. Eligibility criteria included age ≥ 65 years and newly diagnosed Ph chromosome–negative B-ALL. Patients received blinatumomab as induction for one-two cycles until attainment of response (complete remission (CR) and CR with incomplete count recovery). Patients then received three cycles of consolidation with blinatumomab followed by 18 months of POMP maintenance chemotherapy. Eight doses of intrathecal methotrexate were administered as central nervous system prophylaxis. RESULTS Twenty-nine eligible patients were enrolled. The median age was 75 years, and the median bone marrow blast count at diagnosis was 87%. Cytogenetic risk was poor in 10 patients (34%), and five of 14 patients (36%) tested had the Ph-like ALL gene signature. Nineteen patients (66%; 95% CI, 46 to 82) achieved CR. Kaplan-Meier 3-year disease-free survival and overall survival estimates were 37% (95% CI, 17 to 57) and 37% (95% CI, 20 to 55), respectively. CONCLUSION Blinatumomab was well tolerated and effective in the treatment of older patients with newly diagnosed Ph chromosome–negative B-ALL, including patients with poor-risk cytogenetics. The 3-year disease-free survival and overall survival results are encouraging and suggest that this approach should be further explored.
A spectral method of modularity for community detection in bipartite networks
Authors: Wu Guolin , Gu Changgui , Yang Huijie 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Community detection in bipartite networks is a popular topic. Two widely used methods to capture community structures in bipartite networks are the method of modularity and the method of graph partitioning. Our analytical results show that the modularity maximization problem can be reformulated as a spectral problem after relaxing the discreteness constraints. This means that the method of modularity and the method of graph partitioning are essentially equivalent. As an application, a spectral algorithm of modularity is devised for identifying community structures in bipartite networks. Experimental results on synthetic networks and real-world networks indicate that our algorithm performs better than those algorithms of modularity local maximization, such as BRIM (bipartite recursively induced moduls) and bLP (bipartite label propagation). Therefore, our results shed light on the methods of community detection in bipartite networks.
The Components of Change in Population Growth Rates
Authors: Canudas-Romo Vladimir , Shen Tianyu , Payne Collin F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The demographic balance equation relates the population growth rate with crude rates of fertility, mortality, and net migration. All these rates refer to changes occurring between two time points, say, t and t + h. However, this fundamental balance equation overlooks the contribution of historical fertility, mortality, and migration in explaining these population counts. Because of this, the balance equation only partially explains a change in growth rate between time t and t + h as it does not include the contribution of historical population trends in shaping the population at time t. The overall population growth rate can also be expressed as the weighted average of age-specific growth rates. In this article, we develop a method to decompose the historical drivers of current population growth by recursively employing the variable-r method on the population's average age-specific growth rates. We illustrate our method by identifying the unique contributions of survival progress, migration change, and fertility decline for current population growth in Denmark, England and Wales, France, and the United States. Our results show that survival progress is mainly having an effect on population growth at older ages, although accounting for indirect historical effects illuminates additional contributions at younger ages. Migration is particularly important in Denmark and England and Wales. Finally, we find that across all populations studied, historical fertility decline plays the largest role in shaping recent reductions in population growth rates.
Pupil dilation and constriction in the skate Leucoraja erinacea in a simulated natural light field
Authors: Mäthger Lydia M. , Bok Michael J. , Liebich Jan , Sicius Lucia , Nilsson Dan-Eric 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The skate Leucoraja erinacea has an elaborately shaped pupil, whose characteristics and functions have received little attention. The goal of our study was to investigate the pupil response in relation to natural ambient light intensities. First, we took a recently developed sensory–ecological approach, which gave us a tool for creating a controlled light environment for behavioural work: during a field survey, we collected a series of calibrated natural habitat images from the perspective of the skates' eyes. From these images, we derived a vertical illumination profile using custom-written software for quantification of the environmental light field (ELF). After collecting and analysing these natural light field data, we created an illumination set-up in the laboratory, which closely simulated the natural vertical light gradient that skates experience in the wild and tested the light responsiveness – in particular the extent of dilation – of the skate pupil to controlled changes in this simulated light field. Additionally, we measured pupillary dilation and constriction speeds. Our results confirm that the skate pupil changes from nearly circular under low light to a series of small triangular apertures under bright light. A linear regression analysis showed a trend towards smaller skates having a smaller dynamic range of pupil area (dilation versus constriction ratio around 4-fold), and larger skates showing larger ranges (around 10- to 20-fold). Dilation took longer than constriction (between 30 and 45 min for dilation; less than 20 min for constriction), and there was considerable individual variation in dilation/constriction time. We discuss our findings in terms of the visual ecology of L. erinacea and consider the importance of accurately simulating natural light fields in the laboratory.
Impact on carbon emissions of online study for a cohort of overseas students: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Heller Richard F , Sun Ya-Yen , Guo Zhe , Malik Arunima 
Published: February 2022

Background: One of the benefits of online education is the potential reduction in carbon emissions through the decrease in travel to attend a university in person. We estimated the savings in CO2 emissions of an international cohort of master’s students who studied fully online from their home countries, rather than travelling to the UK and living there while attending university. Methods: The city and country of residence of a cohort of students who first enrolled in the fully online Peoples-uni/Manchester Metropolitan University Master of Public Health programme between the second semester of 2011 and the first semester 2013 were recorded. Total difference in emissions was calculated by adding the estimated aviation emissions between Manchester, UK and the cities where students resided, to the difference in per capita emissions between the country of origin and the UK for the time that the student would have spent in Manchester, based on the semester in which they first enrolled. Results: 128 students enrolled from 70 cities in 30 countries. 93 students were from a range of African countries and 18 from the Indian sub-continent. Flights to and from Manchester were estimated to have accounted for 114,553kg of CO2 and living in Manchester for the duration of their course compared with staying in the home country would have been equivalent to 854,904kg of CO2. The combined net savings was 969,457kg of CO2. Conclusions: A small cohort of overseas students, largely from Africa and India, studied online rather than attending university in the UK. The likely saving by this small cohort of nearly a million kg of CO 2 emissions offers an indication of the potential environmental benefits of offering university education online to overseas students.
Childhood malnutrition and hypo mineralized molar defects ;a cross sectional study, Egypt
Authors: Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim Hoda , Abdallah Nasr Rania , Adel Salama Ahmed , Ahmed Amin Aya 
Published: February 2022

Background: Malnutrition is well-known to yield high morbidities and it has pre-eruptive and post-eruptive consequences. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars (HSPM), Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and dental caries in malnourished children, as well as addressing the relation between types of malnutrition and the dental morbidities.Methods:This is a cross sectional analytical study. A consecutive sample of 54 malnourished cases aged 5-10 years and presented to the Outpatient Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University across 6 months period were examined for HSPM, MIH – using the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria - and dental Caries using def/ DMF indices. Outcomes were the presence or absence of MIH and HSPM and their levels measured as percentage as well as Caries Indices. Exposures were types of malnutrition and the socioeconomic status. Results: The mean age of study participants was 7.10 ± 1.34 years. HSPM and MIH were found in 47.2% and 45.2% of the study participants respectively, while dental caries was observed in 83% and 64.3% for primary and permanent teeth respectively. There was co-occurrence between HSPM and MIH in 39% of the cases.HSPM level was significantly different in various types of malnutrition. It showed significant difference between the stunted group (median HSPM of 14.2%) and the overweight or obese group (median HSPM of 0.0%) (P value 0.01). MIH level showed significant differences between the stunted group (median MIH of 19.4%) and overweight or obese group (median MIH of 0.0%) (p value 0.001), as well as between the stunted group (median MIH of 19.4%) and wasted group (median MIH of 0.0%) (p value 0.025).Conclusions:Malnourished children have high prevalence of dental abnormalities. HSPM could expect the presence of MIH.
What is co-production? Conceptualising and understanding co-production of knowledge and policy across different theoretical perspectives
Authors: Bandola-Gill Justyna , Arthur Megan , Leng Rhodri Ivor 
Published: February 2022

Background:‘Co-production’ is one of the key concepts in evidence-informed policy and practice – in terms of both its theoretical importance and its practical applications − being consistently discussed as the most effective strategy for mobilising evidence in policy and practice contexts. The concept of co-production was developed (almost) independently across multiple disciplines and has been employed in various policy and practice fields including environment, sustainability, and health.
Aims and objectives:This paper surveys the literature to identify different meanings of co-production across different disciplinary bodies of knowledge. Such exploration is aimed at identifying the key points of convergence and divergence across different disciplinary and theoretical traditions.
Methods:We performed a systematic search of Web of Science via a query designed to capture literature likely focusing on co-production, and then manually examined each document for relevance. Citation network analysis was then used to ‘map’ this literature by grouping papers into clusters based on the density of citation links between papers. The top-cited papers within each cluster were thematically analysed.
Findings:This research identified five meanings of co-production, understood as a science-politics relationship, as knowledge democracy, as transdisciplinarity, as boundary management, and as an evidence-use intervention.
Discussion and conclusions:Even though different clusters of scholarship exploring co-production are closely connected, this concept is mobilised to capture phenomena at different levels of abstraction – from post-structuralist theories of knowledge and power to specific strategies to be employed by researchers and policymakers.
Peep show: a framework for watching how evidence is communicated inside policy organisations
Authors: Gerblinger Christiane 
Published: February 2022

Background:Seeing how governments formulate decisions on our behalf is a crucial component of their ability to claim democratic legitimacy. This includes being seen to draw on the knowledge and evidence produced by their civil service policy advisers. Yet much of the advice provided to governments is being increasingly withdrawn from public accessibility.
Aims and objectives:To counter this diminishing transparency, I propose a framework for observing how evidence is made and used in the political decision-making process. Although my framework is constructed within the Australian context, I hope to encourage its use in other government and policy settings.
Methods:Using an example from my own research into the language of rejected policy advice, I construct a framework for locating how policy actors formulate and communicate their evidence. With primary material drawn from Freedom of Information releases, my framework qualitatively examines three impact factors with which to situate policy advice: text, organisational influences and the interplay between the front and back regions of politics and policy. To counter releases’ limitations, they are contextualised with publicly available, contemporaneous statements.
Findings:Text displayed excessive detail, inviting multiple interpretations. Organisational influences suggested an insular culture over-reliant on its reputation. Interplay linked to evidence as ostensibly authority-imparting but ultimately adding to the lack of transparency around how political decisions were made.
Discussion and conclusions:Even when processes are hidden from public view, they can be found. By connecting an array of impact factors, my framework here illuminated a complex choreography of civil servants communicating with their government about a contentious policy issue and revealed the political affordances they enabled in the process.
Calibration method for structure parameters of a binocular stereo vision system equipped with polarizers
Authors: Zhang Zimiao , Xu Kai , Zhang Fumin , Zhang Shihai , Nie Yahui 
Published: February 2022

For structure parameter calibration of a binocular stereo vision system equipped with polarizers, the optimal calibration polarization angle needs to be determined. There are no corresponding solutions for the determination of the optimal polarization angle of structure parameter calibration. Furthermore, existing research considers the polarization angle that causes the image to possess the lowest brightness (gray value) as the optimal polarization angle. This reduces image contrast, and eventually the texture information of the image is lost, which also affects the accuracy of feature extraction. In this paper, we propose a new calibration method for the structure parameters of a binocular stereo vision system equipped with polarizers. We calculated the pose of the target relative to each camera for different polarization angles. The sum of the object-space errors corresponding to each polarization angle was considered as the evaluation criterion to determine the optimal calibration polarization angle. The calibration of structure parameters was finished using images captured on the premise of the optimal calibration polarization angle. This angle can also be considered as the reference of the polarization angle for measurement. Experiment results show that using the calibration results of our method, the reconstructed length error of a

275

×

200

m
m

target was less than

±
0.052

m
m

, the reconstructed linear displacement error was less than

±
0.048

m
m

for the range of 0–30 mm, and the reconstructed rotary angle error was less than

±
0.048

∘

for the range of

−

30

∘

−
30

∘

.
Modeling and mitigation of polarization crosstalk-induced nonlinearity for the polarization-multiplexed carrier self-homodyne system
Authors: Chen Yizhao , Chen Junda , Li Weihao , Zhou Jiajun , Zhang Mingming , Liu Deming , Tang Ming 
Published: February 2022

In this Letter, we analytically model the impact of polarization crosstalk in the polarization-multiplexed carrier self-homodyne (PMC-SH) system with adaptive polarization control technology. When the optical paths of the signal and local oscillator (LO) are matched well, it is found that the polarization crosstalk results in a nonlinear shift on the constellation. Thus, we further propose a compensation scheme based on a low-complexity polynomial nonlinear equalizer (PNLE). Both simulation and experimental results validate our theoretical analysis. Moreover, the proposed PNLE-based compensation scheme achieves up to 1.23 dB tolerance improvement with respect to polarization crosstalk for 20 Gbaud 64QAM in the experiment.
Bildungsangebote als Bindeglied zwischen Forschung und Praxis – Wie aus Forschungsergebnissen zu neuen Technologien praxisrelevante Ideen für Innovationen entstehen
Authors: Gremmel Jan N. , Grogorick Linda , Robra-Bissantz Susanne , Woisetschläger David M. 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungBildungsangebote für die Praxis sind ein wesentlicher Erfolgsfaktor dafür, technologischen Innovationen marktfähig zu machen. Sie sind eine Voraussetzung, um die unternehmerische Wettbewerbsfähigkeit auszubauen und neue Märkte zu erschließen. Bildungsinstitutionen sollten bei der Gestaltung von Bildungsangeboten das so genannte Wissensdreieck aus Bildung, Forschung und Praxis berücksichtigen und entsprechen Akteure aus Forschung und Wirtschaft involvieren, um von den wechselseitigen Verbindungen und Interaktionen zu profitieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt anhand des kooperativen Gestaltungsprozesses eines Bildungsangebots zur Grundlagentechnologie Blockchain im Kontext urbaner Mobilität auf, wie Bildung, Forschung und Praxis gemeinsam neues Wissen als Basis von Innovationen schaffen. Der Mehrwert unseres Beitrags liegt in der Erstellung eines übertragbaren Gestaltungsprozesses als Vorbild für zukünftige Bildungsangebotsgestaltungen.
Dynamics of internal migration in Bangladesh: Trends, patterns, determinants, and causes
Authors: Alam Md. Zakiul , Mamun Abdullah Al 
Published: February 2022

Introduction
Internal migration is essential to understand the population dynamics and the multifaceted relationship between population and development of a nation. In Bangladesh, the study of international migration is more frequent due to its socioeconomic importance and data availability. However, the study of internal migration is less frequent as there lie complexities in measuring internal migration, and data are less available. Thus, this paper aimed to explore the dynamics of internal in Bangladesh.

Data and methods
We utilized data from the Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 1991–2011. The number of internal migrants was estimated using the United Nations Manual on Methods of Measuring Internal Migration- Manual VI. District-wise lifetime and net internal migration rate were the dependent variables where several socioeconomic variables were used as independent variables. The correlation and the stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were employed.

Results
Dhaka, Gazipur, Narayanganj, and all the Divisional cities have the highest in-migration rate, whereas the northern and southern districts of Bangladesh have the highest out-migration rate. The regression model showed that activity rate appeared to be the strongest predictor (β = 0.419, P<0.001) of net migration for 2011, followed by city corporation (β = 0.275, P<0.01) and poverty rate (β = -0.246, P<0.01). However, the lifetime internal migration rate was 9.8% in 2011. The pooled model (1991–2011) for lifetime internal migration showed that activity rate (β = 0.408, P<0.001), population density (β = 0.386, P<0.001), literacy rate (β = 0.341, P<0.001), and city corporation (β = 0.139, P<0.01) were the significant factors of internal migration. Marriage, looking for a job, employment/business, education, and natural calamities were the reasons for internal migration.

Discussion and conclusion
The destinations of migrants are few developed and urbanized cities which needs particular attention in policy planning. If the current migration trends continue, few cities will have an excessive population, which will increase density and pollution, thereby decreasing living standards. Thus, along with comprehensive urban planning, decentralization of government and private institutions must be ensured. Since the rural to urban migration rate is high, the findings recommend more development and concentration in the rural area. Finally, education, training, and work opportunities for migrants should be safeguarded in the area of origin.
Redes de Pesquisa em Educação e Colaboração Científica
Authors: Silva Altina Abadia da , Amaral Cláudia Tavares do , Almeida Luciana Barros de 
Published: February 2022

Nosso objetivo é compreender as formas de atuação das redes de pesquisa em educação e colaboração científica e a cooperação com a universidade brasileira. Fizemos uma pesquisa bibliográfica para reunir dados na investigação proposta tendo como base de dados: Rede Universitas, RedeEstrado, Rede Aste, RedeCentro, RIEOnLIFE. Como resultados, identificamos que a criação de redes acontece dentro de critérios científicos e/ou acadêmicos tendo, em alguns casos, critérios econômicos, formativos para ampliar possibilidades de publicações, isso responde as questões constituintes de algumas redes aqui analisadas, mostra a crise financeira da universidade brasileira enquanto entidade de pesquisa, e a necessidade de alinhamento com fontes externas de fomento e ao cumprimento da métrica das agências avaliadoras. As considerações finais, do ponto de vista crítico analítico, evidenciam processos em confronto e, ao mesmo tempo, complementares. Estamos convictas da importância do trabalho em rede, pois a vinculação possibilita ao pesquisador a aquisição de conhecimentos novos, além de observar um esforço mútuo nas dinâmicas empreendidas em prol da consolidação de redes de pesquisa, e na manutenção dos grupos de pesquisa.