bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stressed out public servants? Testing the stress appraisal of psychological and emotional stressors on stress reactions through psychological capital
Authors: Borst Rick T. , Blom Rutger 
Published: February 2022

PurposePA scholars argue that two gaps are present in the stress literature: (1) “stress” is too simply treated as deleterious and (2) insufficient efforts are made to capture public servants' stress appraisal, i.e. the degree to which stressors are appraised as hindering or challenging. Overcoming Gap 1, this study aims to study stress as a continuum; from distress to eustress. Overcoming Gap 2, stress appraisal is studied through testing the interaction of PsyCap with the two most common clusters of public servants' job stressors: emotional and psychological stressors.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses are tested through structural equation modeling. A sample is used in this study of 1,853 Dutch public servants.FindingsThe results show that emotional and psychological stressors are high, but public servants often appraise them as challenging or as “part of the job”, with consequently no increased distress or decreased eustress. Moreover, psychological capital helps public servants to appraise some of the negative effects of emotional, but not psychological, stressors as less deleterious.Originality/valueBy approaching stress as a continuum, the authors bring in a more complete picture of public servants' stress in PA literature. Moreover, this research shows that the ambiguous results in the existing stress literature about the consequences of emotional and psychological stressors on distress/eustress can partially be explained by sector differences as well as personality differences (i.e. PsyCap). Finally, this study criticizes the one-sided attention to PsyCap as purely positive. PsyCap is not only unhelpful in coping with psychological stressors, it also drains the challenging properties of psychological stressors for dedication.
The impact of digitalization on supply chain resilience: an empirical study of the Chinese manufacturing industry
Authors: Shi Yangyan , Zheng Xiaofei , Venkatesh V.G. , Humdan Eias AI , Paul Sanjoy Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
Facing turbulent environments, firms have strived to achieve greater supply chain resilience (SCR) to leverage the resources and knowledge of supply chain members. Both SCR and supply chain integration (SCI) require digitization in the supply chain, but their interrelationships have rarely been researched empirically. This paper aims to uncover the impact of digital technology (DT) on SCR and SCI and the role of SCI in mediating between DT and SCR.

Design/methodology/approach
China manufacturing enterprises were surveyed through a Web-based questionnaire, and 96 responses were received. Structural equation modeling was used to test the conceptual model.

Findings
The level of enterprise digitization is not directly related to supply chain resilience, but the level of enterprise digitization has a positive impact on the improvement of SCI and SCI also has a positive effect on SCR. Therefore, SCI has a complete intermediary effect between the level of DT and SCR.

Originality/value
This is a pioneer study to examine the relationships among DT, SCI and SCR. The findings of this study present that firms need to improve DT, SCI and SCR consequently.
Class size, student behaviors and educational outcomes
Authors: Wang Liz , Calvano Lisa 
Published: February 2022

Purpose
While many business schools use large classes for the sake of efficiency, faculty and students tend to perceive large classes as an impediment to learning. Although class size is a contested issue, research on its impact is inconclusive, mainly focusing on academic performance outcomes such as test scores and does not address classroom dynamics. This study aims to expand the focus of class size research to include classroom dynamics and subjective educational outcomes (e.g. student learning outcomes and satisfaction).

Design/methodology/approach
Using Finn et al.’s (2003) theoretical framework and research conducted in introductory business classes, this study investigates how student academic and social engagement influence educational outcomes in different class sizes.

Findings
Results highlight the critical role that student involvement and teacher interaction play on student success and student satisfaction regardless of class sizes. In addition, the results indicate that students perceive lower levels of teacher interaction and satisfaction in larger classes.

Originality/value
This study applies Finn’s framework of student engagement in the classroom to understand the dynamics of class size in business education. The results reveal the influential roles of academic and social engagements on educational outcomes. Practical strategies are offered to improve learning outcomes and student satisfaction in large classes.
Did the Siebel Systems Case Limit the SEC's Ability to Enforce Regulation Fair Disclosure?
Authors: ALLEE KRISTIAN D. , BUSHEE BRIAN J. , KLEPPE TYLER J. , PIERCE ANDREW T. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTWe examine whether a shock to the enforceability of Regulation Fair Disclosure (Reg FD) limited its ability to restrict the flow of private information between managers and investors. Although prior work provides evidence that Reg FD reduced managers’ selective disclosure of material information immediately following its promulgation, we posit that private information flows returned as a result of the Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC's) public enforcement failure inSEC v. Siebel Systems, Inc. Using multiple settings, we find consistent evidence suggesting thatSiebelchanged the cost–benefit tradeoff for Reg FD compliance and effectively reversed the initial effects of the regulation. We also find thatSiebeldisrupted the equilibrium of selective disclosure activity, resulting in anunlevelingeffect among investors with respect to private information advantages. Finally, we find thatSiebelalso had real effects by altering managers’ capital structure decisions. Our findings run counter to the prevailing “mosaic theory” and gradual learning explanations for private information advantages in the extended post–Reg FD period and highlight the importance of enforcement in achieving intended regulatory outcomes.
LC‐MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of pyriproxyfen and bifenthrin and their dissipation kinetics under field conditions in chili and brinjal
Authors: Chaudhary Reema , Singh Rakhi , Singh Monica , Mogha Navin Kumar , Kumari Premlata , Paliwal Gaurao , Singh Prabal Pratap , Das Mukul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBifenthrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, and pyriproxyfen, a plant growth regulator, are used extensively in agriculture for controlling the different insect pests. The present study was undertaken to examine the dissipation behavior of a formulation with a combination of pyriproxyfen and bifenthrin on chili and brinjal under field conditions at four different locations. Dissipation study of combination of pyriproxyfen and bifenthrin revealed swift degradation in both crops with a half‐life of 2.5–2.6 and 2.0–2.1 days in brinjal and chili, respectively. Also, a simple method for simultaneous quantification of pyriproxyfen and bifenthrin was developed and validated using modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) technique on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Recovery of the method was found to be under an acceptable range of 90.0%–93.5% and 88.7%–94.3% in chili and 92.4%–96.6% and 97.4%–100.9% in brinjal for pyriproxyfen and bifenthrin, respectively. At harvest time, the terminal residues of bifenthrin and pyriproxyfen were below the maximum residue limits set by European Union in chili and brinjal, respectively, suggesting that the use of this pesticide formulation is safe and does not impose harmful effects on human health.Practical ApplicationIn this paper, dissipation behavior of a pesticide formulation with a combination of pyriproxyfen and bifenthrin was undertaken under field conditions at four different locations on chili and brinjal in India. The simultaneous quantification of pyriproxyfen and bifenthrin using LC‐MS/MS technique has been validated incorporating modified QuEChERS extraction method with limit of detection at 0.005 µg/g and limit of quantification at 0.01 µg/g, which is well below the EU‐MRLs (European Union legislation Maximum Residue Level) of pyriproxyfen and bifenthrin in both chili and brinjal. Furthermore, dissipation kinetics of a formulation undertaken under field conditions at four different locations on chili and brinjal suggested that the terminal residues of both bifenthrin and pyriproxyfen were below the maximum residue limits set by European Union in chili and brinjal, respectively, at the time of harvest and that the use of this pesticide formulation is safe.
Adjuvant chemotherapy, extent of resection, and immunoistochemical neuroendocrine markers as prognostic factors of early‐stage large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Andreetti Claudio , Ibrahim Mohsen , Gagliardi Antonio , Poggi Camilla , Maurizi Giulio , Armillotta Domenico , Peritone Valentina , Teodonio Leonardo , Rendina Erino Angelo , Venuta Federico , Anile Marco , Natale Giovanni , Santini Mario , Fiorelli Alfonso 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated whether adjuvant chemotherapy, extent of resection, and immunoistochemical neuroendocrine markers affected survival of patients with the early stage of large‐cell neuroendocrine cancer.MethodsThis was a retrospective multicenter study including consecutive patients undergoing resection of node negative large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Five‐year survival and disease‐free survival rate were evaluated by the Kaplan–Meier method and the log‐rank test in relation to adjuvant chemotherapy, extent of resection, and immunoistochemical neuroendocrine markers (synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and neuron‐specific enolase).ResultsOur study population included 117 patients; 47 (40%) of these received adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy had better survival (74% vs. 45%, p = 0.002) and disease‐free survival (79% vs. 40%, p = 0.001) in all cases except patients with tumor <20 mm (79.5% vs. 57.4%, p = 0.43). Lobectomy compared to sublobar resection was associated with better survival (67% vs. 0.1%, p < 0.0001) and disease‐free survival (65% vs. 0.1%, p < 0.0001) also in patients with tumor <20 mm (79% vs. 28%, p = 0.001). Patients with triple‐positive neuroendocrine markers had better survival (79% vs. 35%, p = 0.0001) and disease‐free survival (69% vs. 42%, p = 0.0008). Regression analysis showed that tumor size <20 mm, lobectomy, adjuvant chemotherapy, and triple‐positive immunistochemical neuroendocrine markers were significant favorable prognostic factors for survival outcomes.ConclusionsLobectomy seems to be the management of choice in patients with large‐cell neuroendocrine cancer <20 mm while adjuvant chemotherapy should be administered only in patients with tumor >20 mm.
Continuous monitoring of vital sign abnormalities; association to clinical complications in 500 postoperative patients
Authors: Haahr‐Raunkjaer Camilla , Mølgaard Jesper , Elvekjaer Mikkel , Rasmussen Søren M. , Achiam Michael P. , Jorgensen Lars N. , Søgaard Mette I.V. , Grønbæk Katja K. , Oxbøll Anne‐Britt , Sørensen Helge B. D. , Meyhoff Christian S. , Aasvang Eske K. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing major surgery are at risk of complications, so‐called serious adverse events (SAE). Continuous monitoring may detect deteriorating patients by recording abnormal vital signs. We aimed to assess the association between abnormal vital signs inspired by Early Warning Score thresholds and subsequent SAEs in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.MethodsProspective observational cohort study continuously monitoring heart rate, respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, and blood pressure for up to 96 h in 500 postoperative patients admitted to the general ward. Exposure variables were vital sign abnormalities, primary outcome was any serious adverse event occurring within 30 postoperative days. The primary analysis investigated the association between exposure variables per 24 h and subsequent serious adverse events.ResultsSerious adverse events occurred in 37% of patients, with 38% occurring during monitoring. Among patients with SAE during monitoring, the median duration of vital sign abnormalities was 272 min (IQR 110–447), compared to 259 min (IQR 153–394) in patients with SAE after monitoring and 261 min (IQR 132–468) in the patients without any SAE (p = .62 for all three group comparisons). Episodes of heart rate ≥110 bpm occurred in 16%, 7.1%, and 3.9% of patients in the time before SAE during monitoring, after monitoring, and without SAE, respectively (p < .002). Patients with SAE after monitoring experienced more episodes of hypotension ≤90 mm Hg/24 h (p = .001).ConclusionOverall duration of vital sign abnormalities at current thresholds were not significantly associated with subsequent serious adverse events, but more patients with tachycardia and hypotension had subsequent serious adverse events.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT03491137.
Ambulance crew‐initiated non‐conveyance in the Helsinki EMS system—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Heinonen Kari , Puolakka Tuukka , Salmi Heli , Boyd James , Laiho Mia , Porthan Kari , Harve‐Rytsälä Heini , Kuisma Markku 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmbulance patients are usually transported to the hospital in the emergency medical service (EMS) system. The aim of this study was to describe the non‐conveyance practice in the Helsinki EMS system and to report mortality following non‐conveyance decisions.MethodsAll prehospital patients ≥16 years attended by the EMS but not transported to a hospital during 2013–2017 were included in the study. EMS mission‐ and patient‐related factors were collected and examined in relation to patient death within 30 days of the EMS non‐conveyance decision.ResultsThe EMS performed 324,207 missions with a patient during the study period. The patient was not transported in 95,909 (29.6%) missions; 72,233 missions met the study criteria. The patient mean age (standard deviation) was 59.5 (22.5) years; 55.5% of patients were female. The most common dispatch codes were malaise (15.0%), suspected decline in vital signs (14.0%), and falling over (12.9%). A total of 960 (1.3%) patients died within 30 days after the non‐conveyance decision. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that mortality was associated with the patient's inability to walk (odds ratio 3.19, 95% confidence interval 2.67–3.80), ambulance dispatch due to shortness of breath (2.73, 2.27–3.27), decreased level of consciousness (2.72, 1.75–4.10), decreased blood oxygen saturation (2.64, 2.27–3.06), and abnormal systolic blood pressure (2.48, 1.79–3.37).ConclusionOne‐third of EMS missions did not result in patient transport to the hospital. Thirty‐day mortality was 1.3%. Abnormalities in multiple respiratory‐related vital signs were associated with an increased likelihood of death within 30 days.
Rural emergency care facilities may be adapting to their context: A population‐level study of resources and workforce
Authors: Baker Tim , Moore Katie , Lim Jolene , Papanastasiou Cerissa , McCarthy Sally , Schreve Franco , Lawson Mary , Versace Vincent 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a structured understanding of rural hospital‐based emergency care facility workforce and resources.DesignThe resources of regional training hubs were used to survey eligible emergency care facilities in their surrounding region.SettingRural emergency care facilities manage more than one third of Australia's emergency presentations. These emergency care facilities include emergency departments and less‐resourced facilities in smaller towns.ParticipantsHospital facilities located outside metropolitan areas that report emergency presentations to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.InterventionsA survey tool was sent by email.Main outcome measuresPresence of human, diagnostic and other resources as reported on a questionnaire.ResultsA completed questionnaire was received from 195 emergency care facilities. Over 60% of Small hospitals had on‐call doctors only. General practitioners/generalists and nurses with extended emergency skills were found in all hospital types. Emergency physicians were present across all remoteness areas, but more commonly seen in larger facilities. All Major/Large facilities and most Medium facilities reported having onsite pathology and radiology. Point of care testing and clinician radiography were more commonly reported in smaller facilities. Among Small hospitals, Very Remote hospitals were more likely than Inner Regional hospitals to have an onsite doctor in the emergency care facility and/or a high dependency unit.ConclusionSmaller and more remote facilities appear to adapt by using different workforce structures and bedside investigations.
Exploring risk factors for admission to children's Learning Disability hospitals using interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Ross Helen , Dodds Nicola 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are few identified risk factors that may contribute to the increased risk of hospital admission for children and young people with intellectual disabilities. This qualitative study aimed to identify the key risk factors that precipitate admissions to Tier 4 child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) inpatient services for young people with an intellectual disability living in the North East of England in accordance with the Transforming Care programme.MethodsThis qualitative study captures the narrative of five young people admitted to hospital following a crisis period. Semi‐structured interviews were carried out with two adolescents with an intellectual disability and five caregivers of a young person with an intellectual disability to identify challenges from those with lived experience.FindingsThe findings were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis and indicated pathological, interpersonal, social, education and intervention challenges. Nine re‐emerging central themes highlighted that young people experienced particular difficulties before admission such as behaviours which challenge, comorbid diagnoses, isolation, insufficient crisis planning, care coordination problems, familial stressors, availability of community service provision, school placements and late intervention.ConclusionsThese results have contributed to developing the children's Tier 4 CAMHS Learning Disability pathways within a large NHS Foundation Trust as practitioners and professionals are mindful of these areas exacerbating risks and challenges that a young person with an intellectual disability and their family may experience. Findings could be considered when nationally reviewing services following the Transforming Care programme, aiming to provide care as close to home as possible. This may contribute to future research developing “At Risk” screening tools and formal “At Risk” registers for those with an intellectual disability.
Mechanistic modelling of enzyme‐restoration effects of new recombinant liver‐targeted proteins in acute intermittent porphyria
Authors: Vera‐Yunca Diego , Córdoba Karol M. , Parra‐Guillen Zinnia P. , Jericó Daniel , Fontanellas Antonio , Trocóniz Iñaki F. 
Published: February 2022

Background and PurposeAcute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare disease caused by a genetic mutation in the hepatic activity of the porphobilinogen‐deaminase. We aimed to develop a mechanistic model of the enzymatic restoration effects of a novel therapy based on the administration of different formulations of recombinant human‐PBGD (rhPBGD) linked to the ApoAI lipoprotein. This fusion protein circulates in blood, incorporating into HDL and penetrating hepatocytes.Experimental ApproachSingle i.v. dose of different formulations of rhPBGD linked to ApoAI were administered to AIP mice in which a porphyric attack was triggered by i.p. phenobarbital. Data consist on 24 h urine excreted amounts of heme precursors, 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA), PBG and total porphyrins that were analysed using non‐linear mixed‐effects analysis.Key ResultsThe mechanistic model successfully characterized over time the amounts excreted in urine of the three heme precursors for different formulations of rhPBGD and unravelled several mechanisms in the heme pathway, such as the regulation in ALA synthesis by heme. Treatment with rhPBGD formulations restored PBGD activity, increasing up to 51 times the value of the rate of tPOR formation estimated from baseline. Model‐based simulations showed that several formulation prototypes provided efficient protective effects when administered up to 1 week prior to the occurrence of the AIP attack.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe model developed had excellent performance over a range of doses and formulation type. This mechanistic model warrants use beyond ApoAI‐conjugates and represents a useful tool towards more efficient drug treatments of other enzymopenias as well as for acute intermittent porphyria.
Learning outcomes measured in zoo and aquarium conservation education
Authors: Schilbert Jana , Scheersoi Annette 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCommunicating the topic of conservation to the public and encouraging proenvironmental behaviors can mitigate loss of biodiversity. Thus, the evaluation of educational efforts is important to ascertain the educational effects and provide high‐quality conservation education. The learning outcomes of conservation education are diverse (e.g., attitudes, knowledge, and behavior). Considering the specific characteristics of these different outcomes and the factors that influence them is crucial to delivering successful conservation education. We reviewed 29 peer‐reviewed articles published in English from January 2011 to April 2020 on empirical studies of learning outcomes of on‐site conservation education in zoos and aquaria, institutions that seek to educate the public about conservation. We examined the range of learning outcomes, their definitions, and factors that influenced them. Cognitive outcomes were most frequently investigated (37%) in comparison with other outcomes (e.g., affective outcomes, 31%). The articles did not use explicit definitions for learning outcomes, and implicit or explorative definitions provided were inconsistent. Outcomes were influenced by various factors (e.g., prior experiences, staff interaction, animal behavior). Our results suggest the agenda of conservation education research should be broadened by examining all learning outcomes relevant to behavior change. Educational and behavior change theories should be used as a background for conservation education research to ensure clear and consistent definitions, derive appropriate instruments to measure learning outcomes, and relate learning outcomes to influencing factors. We recommend conservation education researchers and practitioners to treat conservation education holistically and acknowledge its learning outcomes’ full complexity.