bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical impedance tomography for titration of positive end-expiratory pressure in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Liu Xuesong , Liu Xiao , Meng Jue , Liu Dongdong , Huang Yongbo , Sang Ling , Xu Yonghao , Xu Zhiheng , He Weiqun , Chen Sibei , Zhang Rong , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Yimin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of most common comorbidities in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). There are few specific studies on the appropriate ventilation strategy for patients with ARDS comorbid with COPD, especially regarding on positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration.
Methods
To compare the respiratory mechanics in mechanical ventilated ARDS patients with or without COPD and to determine whether titration of PEEP based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is superior to the ARDSnet protocol. This is a single center, perspective, repeated measure study. ARDS Patients requiring mechanical ventilation who were admitted to the intensive care unit between August 2017 and December 2020. ARDS patients were divided according to whether they had COPD into a COPD group and a non-COPD group. Respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, and hemodynamics during ventilation were compared between the groups according to whether the PEEP level was titrated by EIT or the ARDSnet protocol.
Results
A total of Twenty-seven ARDS patients including 14 comorbid with and 13 without COPD met the study eligibility criteria was recruited. The PEEP levels titrated by EIT and the ARDSnet protocol was lower in the COPD group than in the non-COPD group (6.93 ± 1.69 cm H2O vs 12.15 ± 2.40 cm H2O, P < 0.001 and 10.43 ± 1.20 cm H2O vs 14.0 ± 3.0 cmH2O, P < 0.001, respectively). In the COPD group, the PEEP level titrated by EIT was lower than that titrated by the ARDSnet protocol (6.93 ± 1.69 cm H2O vs 10.43 ± 1.20 cm H2O, P < 0.001), as was the global inhomogeneity (GI) index (0.397 ± 0.040 vs 0.446 ± 0.052, P = 0.001), plateau airway pressure (16.50 ± 4.35 cm H2O vs 20.93 ± 5.37 cm H2O, P = 0.024), dead space ventilation ratio (48.29 ± 6.78% vs 55.14 ± 8.85%, P = 0.029), ventilation ratio (1.63 ± 0.33 vs 1.87 ± 0.33, P = 0.046), and mechanical power (13.92 ± 2.18 J/min vs 15.87 ± 2.53 J/min, P = 0.038). The cardiac index was higher when PEEP was treated by EIT than when it was titrated by the ARDSnet protocol (3.41 ± 0.50 L/min/m² vs 3.02 ± 0.43 L/min/m², P = 0.034), as was oxygen delivery (466.40 ± 71.08 mL/min/m² vs 411.10 ± 69.71 mL/min/m², P = 0.001).
Conclusion
Titrated PEEP levels were lower in patients with ARDS with COPD than in ARDS patients without COPD. In ARDS patient comorbid with COPD, application of PEEP titrated by EIT were lower than those titrated by the ARDSnet protocol, which contributed to improvements in the ventilation ratio, mechanical energy, cardiac index, and oxygen delivery with less of an adverse impact on hemodynamics.
Cyclodextrin inclusion complex of a multi-component natural product by hot-melt extrusion
Authors: Nonato Rhayssa de Oliveira , Krawczk-Santos Anna Paula , Cardoso Gleidson , Kogawa Ana Carolina , Ricommini Karina , Lima Adley Antonini Neves , Heimfarth Luana , Quintans-Júnior Lucindo José , Cunha-Filho Marcilio , Taveira Stephania Fleury , Marreto Ricardo Neves 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether hot-melt extrusion (HME) processing can promote molecular encapsulation of a multi-component natural product composed of volatile and pungent hydrophobic substances (ginger oleoresin, OR) with cyclodextrins. 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, the biomarkers of ginger OR, were quantified by HPLC. Phase-solubility studies were performed using β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) for ginger OR complexation. Solid complexes were then prepared by thermal (HME) and solvent (slurry, SL)-based methods. Morphology, thermal behavior, solubility, in vitro dissolution, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated. HPβCD gave rise to AL-type complexes with ginger OR, whereas βCD led to materials with limited solubility. Ginger OR was complexed with HPβCD by HME without significant change in gingerol and shogaol content. Additionally, TGA suggested higher volatile retention in HME complexes than SL ones. Shogaol and gingerol solubility and dissolution significantly increased from SL and HME complexes compared with ginger OR. In turn, 1: 2 OR/HPβCD HME complex showed higher 6-shogaol solubility than SL, associated with a gradual release. The carrageenan-induced pleurisy test showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of ginger OR was maintained after complexation with HPβCD. The complexes significantly decrease the levels of IL-1β and inhibit cell migration. HME complex showed performance equivalent to the positive control and superior to the SL material. Taken together, these results indicate that HME can be useful for promoting the molecular encapsulation of complex natural products that contain volatile and thermolabile substances. HME complexes showed better in vivo and in vitro performance than complexes prepared using the solvent-based method.
Measured Spin-Orbit Alignment of Ultra-Short Period Super-Earth 55 Cancri e
Authors: Zhao Lily , Kunovac Vedad , Brewer John , Llama Joe , Millholland Sarah , Hedges Christina , Szymkowiak Andrew , Roettenbacher Rachael , Cabot Samuel , Weiss Sam , Fischer Debra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present two transits of 55 Cancri e radial velocities (RVs) observed with the Extreme Precision Spectrograph (EXPRES). Using the classical Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) method, we measure 55 Cnc e's sky-projected stellar spin-orbit alignment (i.e., the projected angle between the planet's orbital axis and its host star's spin axis) to be λ=10.1(+17.4 -18.6)° with an unprojected angle of ψ=22.7(+14.4 -12.4)°. The best-fit RM model to the EXPRES data has a radial velocity semi-amplitude of just 0.41 (+0.09 -0.10) m s-1; this is the smallest amplitude classical RM measurement to date. A planet's orbital alignment places important constraints on how the planet formed and consequently evolved. The dominant formation pathway of ultra-short period planets (USPs; planets with periods less than one day), like 55 Cnc e, remains an open question. The low stellar obliquity of 55 Cnc e favors dynamically gentle migration theories for USPs, namely tidal dissipation through low-eccentricity planet-planet interactions and/or planetary obliquity tides.
Mechanical properties of ceramic filled aluminum metal matrix composites: An Experimental and Computational analysis
Authors: Shekhawat Deepika , Agarwal Pankaj , Singh Amit , Singh Tej , Patnaik Amar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With each passing year, new research is being carried out to discover materials with enhanced load-bearing capacity for prostheses and medical equipment. This study deals with the fabrication and mechanical testing of nano-zirconium oxide (n-ZrO2; 0–15 wt.%; at steps of 5%) reinforced Al 6061 prepared via a stir casting process. The effect of n-ZrO2 loading on physical and mechanical properties along with the detailed characterization has been systematically investigated. The density (2.6491–2.6812 g/cc), hardness (85–103 HV), tensile strength (147–227 MPa), tensile modulus (75–99 GPa), flexural strength (312–450 MPa), and impact strength (23–45 J) improved by increasing the wt.% of n-ZrO2 reinforcement particles. Furthermore, representative quantity element-based computational homogenization modeling was used to evaluate physical and mechanical properties. It was found to be in good agreement with the experimental results within a deviation of ~ 5%. The implication of these findings shows that 5 wt.% nano-ZrO2 reinforced Al 6061 composites (Al-ZC1) yielded better performance than pure Al 6061 alloy. This novel and comprehensive similarity throughout the examined properties for intricate microstructures perhaps be beneficial for designing optimum composite structures for prosthetic and orthotic applications.
Altered microstructural pattern of Cortex and Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System in Wilson' s disease: An Automated Fiber Quantification Tractography Study
Authors: Wu Yutong , Hu Sheng , Kan Hongxing , Wang Yi , Dong Ting , Wu Hongli , Wang Anqin , Li Chuanfu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic projection neurons elaborate a highly extensive input to the cortex. Failure of basal forebrain cholinergic circuits are responsible for the cognitive impairment associated with Wilson’s disease (WD), but whether and how the microstructural changes in fiber projections between the BF and cerebral cortex influence prospective memory (PM) remains poorly understood. We employed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 21 neurological WD individuals and 26 healthy controls (HC). The experiment reconstructed probabilistic streamline tractography of 18 white matter tracts that correlate with BF cholinergic projections using an Automated fiber quantification (AFQ) toolkit. Tract properties (FA, MD, RD, and AD) were computed for 100 points along each tract for each participant, and their differences between the groups were examined. Subsequently, a Pearson correlation analysis was performed on the patient group to assess the relationship between microstructural alterations and clinical performance. Additional investigations used a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach to identify regions with altered white matter structure between groups to validate the results of the AFQ study. Compared with HC, the highest non-overlapping DTI-related differences were detected in the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), corticospinal tract (CST), corpus callosum, association fibers, and limbic system fibers. Additionally, clinical parameters of the patient group were highly correlated with white matter microstructure changes in the cingulum cingulate and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Our study highlights that the performance of projections between cholinergic input and output areas-the cerebral cortex and BF-may serve as neural biomarkers of PM and prognosis.
Colon targeted layer-by-layer self-assembled film: pharmacokinetic analysis of model drugs after oral administration
Authors: Janardhanam Leela Sai Lokesh , Deokar Ashwini Suresh , Bollareddy Srivarsha Reddy , Venuganti Venkata Vamsi Krishna 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and moxifloxacin (MF) after oral administration using layer-by-layer assembled film in enteric coated capsule. The LbL film was prepared by sequential layering of chitosan and sodium alginate polyelectrolytes containing either 5FU or MF. The films were characterized for physical characteristics, drug loading and release behaviour. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in the rat model for three different drug concentrations after oral administration and compared with intravenous administration. The results showed that the thickness of 10 bilayerd film was 147 ± 11.66 and 212.3 ± 7.19 µm after 5FU and MF loading, respectively. The amount of 5FU and MF loaded was found to be 1.93 ± 0.48 and 4.64 ± 0.33 mg/cm2, respectively. The DSC and PXRD results showed crystalline nature of 5FU and MF after entrapment in LbL film. The LbL film with backing layer provided directional release of 5FU and MF, where 63.81 ± 4.52% and 101.38 ± 5.08%, respectively was released in 24 h. 5FU showed non-linear pharmacokinetics compared with linear pharmacokinetics showed by MF after oral administration. There is a dose dependent increase in Cmax after oral administration of 5FU and MF LbL film. The Tmax was found to be 720 and 840 mins for 5FU and MF after oral administration. The mean residence time and AUC0-t at 45 mg/kg were 871.4 ± 6.45 min and 198.6 ± 5.03 x 103 min. ng/mL and 1267 ± 142.4 min and 1590 ± 55.60 103 min. ng/mL for 5FU and MF, respectively. Biodistribution studies showed significantly (p<0.01) greater disposition of 5FU within colon tissue after administration using oral LbL film. Taken together, colon targeted LbL film can be developed for oral administration of drugs for local and systemic applications.
Curvilinear Regression Analysis of Benzenoid Hydrocarbons and Computation of Some Reduced Reverse Degree Based Topological Indices for Hyaluronic Acid - Paclitaxel Conjugates
Authors: Ravi Vignesh , Desikan Kalyani 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Graph theoretical molecular descriptors alias topological indices are a convenient means for expressing in numerical form the chemical structure encoded in a molecular graph. The structure descriptors derived from molecular graphs are widely used in Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies. The reason for introducing new indices is to obtain predictions of target properties of considered molecules that are better than the predictions obtained using already known indices. In this paper, we apply the reduced reverse degree based indices introduced in 2021 by Vignesh et al. In the QSPR analysis, we first compute the reduced reverse degree based indices for a family of benzenoid hydrocarbon molecules and then we obtain the correlation with the Physico-chemical properties of the considered molecules. We show that all the properties taken into consideration for the benzenoid hydrocarbons can be very effectively predicted by the reduced reverse degree based indices. Further, we compute the defined reduced reverse degree based topological indices for Hyaluronic Acid-Paclitaxel Conjugates (HAP) n , n ≥ 1.
Embolization of the parenchymal tract after percutaneous portal vein catheterization: a retrospective comparison of outcomes with different techniques in two centers.
Authors: Marra Paolo , Carbone Francesco Saverio , Augello Luigi , Dulcetta Ludovico , Muglia Riccardo , Bonaffini Pietro Andrea , Corte Angelo Della , Steidler Stephanie , Gusmini Simone , Guazzarotti Giorgia , Palumbo Diego , Venturini Massimo , De Cobelli Francesco , Sironi Sandro 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Embolization of the parenchymal tract is a key step after any other transhepatic or transplenic percutaneous portal vein catheterization, since eventual venous bleeding is difficult to control and may require surgical management. Different techniques have been proposed to perform tract embolization. The aim of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of different techniques of hemostasis of the parenchymal tract.Materials and Methods: All the interventional procedures with percutaneous transhepatic or transplenic access to the portal vein (excluding ipsilateral portal vein embolization) from January 2010 to July 2020, in two tertiary hospitals, were retrospectively analyzed. The following data were evaluated: access site, the technique of embolization, technical success in terms of immediate thrombosis of the tract, safety and clinical efficacy in terms of the absence of hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications.Results: One-hundred-sixty-one patients underwent 220 percutaneous transhepatic or transplenic portal vein catheterization procedures. The main indications were pancreatic islet transplantation, portal anastomotic stenosis after liver transplantation, and portal vein thrombosis recanalization. As embolic materials gelfoam was used in 105 cases, metallic micro-coils in 54 cases, and cyanoacrylic glue in 44 cases; in 17 cases the parenchymal tract was not embolized. Technical success was 98% without significant difference among groups (p-value = 0.22). Eighteen post-procedural abdominal bleedings occurred, all grade 3 and were managed conservatively; difference among groups was not significant (p-value = 0.25). We detected 12 intrahepatic portal branch thromboses not related to the embolization technique; only one case of non-target embolization was documented after liver tract embolization with glue, without clinical consequences.Conclusion: Embolization of the parenchymal tract after percutaneous portal vein catheterization is technically safe and effective. No significant differences were found between coils, glue, and gelfoam in effectiveness and complications rate. Level of Evidence: Level 3, Cohort study.
Association between epidemiologic case definition categories and adverse clinical outcome in patients with Clostridiodes difficile infection in San Francisco County, California: a five-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Siraw Bekure B. , Reingold Arthur L. , Meyahnwi Didien 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background - Understanding the predictors of adverse clinical outcomes following incident Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) can help clinicians identify which patients are at risk of complications and help prioritize the provision of their care. In this study, we assessed the associations between epidemiologic case definition categories and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CDI in San Francisco County, California.Methods - We conducted a retrospective cohort study using CDI surveillance data (n=3274) from the California Emerging Infections Program for the time period 2016 to 2020. After independent associations were established, two multivariable logistic and log-binomial regression models were constructed for the final statistical analysis. Result - The mean cumulative incidence of CDI cases was 78.8 cases per 100,000 population. The overall recurrence rate and the 30-day all-cause mortality rate were 11.1% and 4.5% respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to the community associated CDI cases, healthcare facility onset (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI [1.3 - 7]) and community-onset – healthcare facility associated (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI [1.4 – 4.3]) CDI cases were found to have higher odds of all-cause 30-day mortality. Community onset – healthcare facility-associated CDI case definition category was found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence of CDI (ARR = 1.7; 95% CI [1.2 – 2.4]). Conclusion - Although the incidence of community-associated CDI cases has been rising, the odds of all-cause 30-day mortality and the risk of recurrent CDI associated with these infections are lower than healthcare facility onset and community-onset healthcare facility-associated CDI cases.
Brain Single Cell Transcriptomic Profiles in Episodic Memory Phenotypes Associated with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Busch Robyn , Yehia Lamis , Hu Bo , Goldman Melissa , Hermann Bruce , Najm Imad , McCarroll Steven , Eng Charis 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Memory dysfunction is prevalent in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but little is known about the underlying molecular etiologies. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing technology was used to examine differences in cellular heterogeneity among left (language-dominant) temporal neocortical tissues from patients with TLE with (n = 4) or without (n = 2) impairment in verbal episodic memory. We observed marked expression heterogeneity between memory phenotypes and identified thousands of differentially expressed transcripts across all brain cell types. The most notable differences were observed in glutamatergic (excitatory) and GABAergic (inhibitory) neurons with an overrepresentation of genes associated with long-term potentiation, long-term depression, and MAPK signaling, processes known to be essential for episodic memory formation.
A Long-term Resilient Modulus Rate Dependent Model for Freezing–Thawing Coarse-Fine Mixtures Geomaterials
Authors: Wang Ke , Tang Liang , Tian Shuang , Ling XianZhang , Ye Yangsheng , Cai Degou , Liu Min 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The cyclic loading frequency (fcyc) effects on the resilient modulus (Mr) of freezing–thawing coarse–fine mixtures geomaterials (FTCFG) have always been a research hotspot. A series of long–term cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on FTCFG having different fines content (FC) under different number of freeze–thaw cycles (NFT) to investigate the effect of fcyc and deviator stress amplitude (qcyc) on the Mr of FTCFG. The freezing–thawing cyclic was found to improve the Mr of FTCFG. Additionally, Mr of FTCFG shown an obviously rate–dependent characteristics. Then three kinetic effects (rate effect, piston effect, and fatigue effect) are discussed in systemically which are related to qcyc, fcyc and moisture holding capacity (wh). Finally, a rate dependent model of long–term resilient modulus was developed to predict FTCFG materials’ resilient moduli as a function of qcyc, fcyc and wh. The comparisons between the calculation and experimental results reveal that the present model describes the Mr of FTCFG well.
Lineage-specific protein repeat expansions and contractions reveal malleable regions of immune genes
Authors: Teekas Lokdeep , Sharma Sandhya , Vijay Nagarjun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Functional diversification, a higher evolutionary rate, and intense positive selection help a limited number of immune genes interact with many continuously evolving pathogens. Repeats in protein-coding regions are a well-known source of rapid functional diversification, adaptive variation, and evolutionary novelty. Repeats play a crucial role in biochemical functions like functional diversification of transcription regulation, protein kinases, cell adhesion, signaling pathways, morphogenesis, DNA repair, recombination, and RNA processing. Repeat length variation can change the associated protein's interaction, efficacy, and overall protein network. Repeats have an intrinsic unstable nature and can potentially evolve rapidly and expedite the acquisition of complex phenotypic traits and functions. Because of their ability to generate rapid, adaptive variations over short evolutionary distances, repeats are considered "tuning knobs." Repeat length variation in specific genes, like RUNX2 and ALX4, is associated with morphological and physiological changes across vertebrates. Here we study repeat length variation as a potent source of species-specific immune diversification across several clades of tetrapods. Moreover, we provide a clade-wise comprehensive list of immune genes with repeat types for future studies of morphological/evolutionary changes within species groups. We observe significant repeat length variation of FASLG in Rodentia and C1QC in Primates' contrasting species groups.
Male Partners Involvement in Human Immune Deficiency Virus Testing and Counseling in Bichena town: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gessesse Nigusu Ayalew , Gela Getahun Belay , Aweke Amlaku Mulat , Balcha Wondu Feyisa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective
Transmission of HIV from mother to child remains a significant problem in developing countries. Male partner involvement in HIV testing and counseling is a major entry point for the PMTCT. This study aimed to assess male partner involvement in HIV testing and counseling. A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 1–15/2019 among 406 male partners. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 version. Logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio with a confidence interval of 95% and a P-value of < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results
In this study, 41.4% [95% CI: 36.2–46.1%] of male partner was involved in HIV testing and counseling. In multivariable analysis male partners who are found in the age group of 20–29 years, secondary, and diploma and above educational level, good knowledge of the services provided in the ANC visits, male partners whose wife had ≥ 4 ANC visits, knowledge of MTCT and PMTCT, entered the ANC room together with his wife, discussed maternal health issue with health care providers, and traveled < 15 minutes to reach a nearby health facility were associated with male partner involvement in HIV testing and counseling.