bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CONSIDERATIONS FOR CROSS-NATIONAL APPROACHES TO ESTIMATING PREVALENCE OF DEMENTIA
Authors: Cai Wenjie , Jones Richard , Gross Alden 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Comparing dementia prevalence across countries and contexts is crucial for effective public health planning. The Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol Project (HCAP) is a global effort to characterize dementia risk using population-representative samples. Using the HCAP studies from the US, England, and India, we evaluated variations of a classification algorithm based on neuropsychological norms. Variations of the algorithm included variables used to define a robust normative sample (e.g., depression, stroke history, previous diagnosis of dementia, basic and instrumental activities of daily living), characteristics adjusted for when standardizing cognition in the normative sample (e.g., age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, literacy), numbers and types of cognitive domains, and the choice of cut-offs of the components in classification algorithm such as cognitive scores, self-rated memory, and informant-rated impairment. Across each country, we varied these parameters. The overall prevalence of dementia ranged from 8% (India) to 9% (US, England). As expected, using a more liberal 1.0 standard deviation (SD) cutoff on cognitive tests rather than 1.5 SD led to higher dementia prevalence by 3-7%. Excluding orientation to time/place from the cognitive domains resulted in lower prevalence of dementia by 2-3% across countries but a markedly lower prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (by 10% or more), whereas less restrictive criteria for defining a normative sample resulted in slightly lower prevalence of dementia (by 1-2%). This study underscores the importance of consistent methodologies for cross-national dementia prevalence estimates, and also informs the relative importance of certain modifications to criteria.
DETERMINANTS OF RECOVERY IN THE US MEDICARE MINIMUM DATA SET: HANDLING INFORMATIVE OBSERVATION TIMES
Authors: Shardell Michelle , Chen Chixiang , Falvey Jason 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) who experience a hip fracture are heterogeneous and understudied; thus, factors that influence these patients’ physical recovery are unknown. Moreover, identifying these factors can help inform personalized care for this population. To fill this gap, we use the US Minimum Data Set (MDS), a federally mandated standardized clinical assessment tool administered by the United States Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to facilitate care management for residents in Medicare and Medicaid certified nursing homes. Longitudinal assessments in these real-world data are irregular, and their timing is likely informative, which leads to bias if ignored. Therefore, we introduce and apply a novel joint model for longitudinal outcomes and observation times that includes a shared random effect. Data include 9,545 older adults (76.8% female, 55.7% aged 86+ years, 21.8% Medicaid eligible) in the MDS living with AD who were discharged from the hospital after hip fracture to Medicare and Medicaid certified nursing homes between 2017 and 2022. Barthel Index, a measure of physical function in activities of daily living, was the outcome (range: 0 to 90, higher scores indicate better function). Participants underwent 35,794 assessments over 100 days. Medicaid eligibility and lower cognition measured using the Brief Interview for Mental Status were more strongly associated with worse physical function in the proposed method than in a competing method (p&lt;.05). Findings highlight 1) potential roles of socioeconomic status and heterogeneous cognition in AD in hip fracture recovery, and 2) importance of addressing informative observation times in the MDS.
A NEW ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR RISK FACTOR IDENTIFICATION IN ANALYZING LONGITUDINAL POSTFRACTURE RECOVERY OUTCOMES
Authors: Chen Chixiang , Shardell Michelle , Falvey Jason 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hip fracture is a highly disabling event experienced disproportionately by older adults with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD). Older adults with ADRD are up to three times more likely than cognitively intact older adults to sustain a hip fracture, have worse functional outcomes, and spend more than 50 fewer days at home (DAH) in the year after fracture. Given the significant consequences of hip fracture among older adults, improving recovery for those with ADRD is a crucial national priority. However, the population of patients with ADRD is highly heterogeneous, hindering our ability to risk stratify patients and focus interventions on those at highest risk and with greatest likelihood of benefit. We develop a new data science approach to unbiasedly detect high-dimensional patient-level risk factors associated with less DAH, while existing toolboxes may fail to address potential biases from unmeasured hospital-level confounders, informative hospital size, and loss to follow-up in analyzing Medicare claims. Analysis of 16562 Medicare beneficiaries with ADRD, aged 65 or above, and experienced a hip fracture between 2017 and 2019 demonstrated that older age, longer length of stay in the hospital, heavier comorbidity burden, and less days at home before fracture are significantly associated less days spent at home in the 12-month period after hip fracture (p&lt;.05), while existing methods fail to detect some effects. Findings demonstrate that the proposed method can overcome bias in using Medicare data and can lead to findings that may inform target for intervention to promote healthy aging.
STRESS PROCESSES IN AGING: CONSIDERING SOCIAL CONTEXT AND SELF-PERCEPTIONS
Authors: Hill Kyrsten 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
How individuals perceive, appraise, and cope with their stressors holds dramatic influence on whether they experience positive aging trajectories. However, stress-related processes are inherently contextual, reflecting an interaction between the person and the environment. The current series of talks considers how individuals deal with stress across different time scales. The first two talks will consider stress in a social context, evaluating the roles of daily loneliness and interpersonal stressors. First, Kang will describe findings from an EMA study suggesting a reciprocal relationship between momentary loneliness and cognitive performance. Second, Ong will report on an EMA study examining the relationship between self-perceptions of aging and daily social interactions. The final two talks will consider adults’ perceptions of their ability to deal with stressors, considering control beliefs and coping processes over the short- and long-term. Third, Neupert will discuss how daily stressors and daily control beliefs are associated with the perceived rate at which people feel that they are aging. Finally, Kurth will discuss how coping strategies change longitudinally over 10 years and how the rate and direction of change depends on age. Together, this symposium highlights how stress processes influence aging across individuals, time courses, and contexts.
SELF-PERCEPTIONS OF AGING AND DAILY SOCIAL INTERACTIONS
Authors: Ong Lydia , Klaiber Patrick , Stuart Nicole , DeLongis Anita , Sin Nancy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Age stereotypes can become internalized across the lifespan to influence one’s self-perceptions of aging (SPA). Stereotype embodiment theory suggests behavioral and stress response pathways through which SPA influence downstream health outcomes. Previous research has shown negative SPA predict lower social engagement, but little is known about whether this mechanism is evident at the daily level. Thus, the current study uses ecological momentary assessment over 14 days to investigate whether more negative SPA are associated with fewer interpersonal stressors and positive social interactions, and whether SPA attenuate differences in positive and negative affect on moments with versus without these events. Participants were 224 adults from British Columbia, Canada (ages 25-89, M = 46, 71% women). Multiple regression and three-level multilevel models controlled for demographic factors, depressive symptoms, and health conditions. Results showed that SPA did not predict exposure to interpersonal stressors and positive social interactions. People with more negative SPA had larger differences in negative affect on moments with versus without interpersonal stressors (simple slope for -1 SD SPA: b =.99, SE =.13, p &lt;.001), compared to those with less negative SPA (simple slope for +1 SD SPA: b =.60, SE =.14, p &lt;.001). SPA did not moderate associations between interpersonal stressors and positive affect, or between positive social interactions and positive and negative affect. Findings indicate that people with more negative SPA do not show a lack of daily social engagement but display greater negative affective stress responses, which have implications for downstream health.
DAILY STRESSORS AND DAILY CONTROL BELIEFS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DAILY ACCELERATED AGING
Authors: Neupert Shevaun , Swaim Kathryn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Exposure to daily stressors is consistently associated with reduced health and well-being, including feeling subjectively older. Experiencing increases in daily perceptions of control, however, are typically associated with increased health and well-being and feeling subjectively younger. The current study focuses on subjective accelerated aging from a daily perspective, capturing day-to-day fluctuations in the perceived rate at which people feel that they are aging. The goal of the current study was to bring together daily stressors and daily perceptions of control to test their independent contributions to the understanding of daily accelerated aging. A sample of 440 U.S. adults aged 50-85 participated in a 14-day daily diary study, reporting on their perceived rate of aging, exposure to daily stressors, and perceptions of daily control beliefs each day. All variables demonstrated significant within-person variability, with ICCs ranging from.60 (rate of aging) to.78 (control beliefs). Daily stressors and daily control beliefs were each uniquely predictive of daily accelerated aging, where daily stressors were positively associated and daily control beliefs were negatively associated with daily accelerated aging. These findings underscore the dynamic and contextual nature of subjective aging metrics and document the within-person coupling between events and beliefs.
THE HEART OF DAILY LIFE: THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN EVERYDAY AFFECTIVE STATES, DAILY EVENTS, AND SUBJECTIVE BELIEFS
Authors: Klaiber Patrick , Pauly Theresa , Scott Stacey 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Affective experiences profoundly shape well-being and quality of life throughout adulthood. They are intricately intertwined with social engagement and daily experiences like stressors and positive events. Individuals’ internal beliefs regarding aging and emotions can either facilitate or impede their engagement with daily events, and further impact emotional responses and regulation. Moreover, fluctuations in affect resulting from these daily experiences may cumulatively influence long-term mental and cognitive health outcomes. This symposium illuminates these dynamics by utilizing a set of daily diary studies using lifespan and older adult samples. The first presentation by Witzel et al. connects experiencing more frequent positive events and more favorable affective reactions to these events with better cognitive health. Klaiber and Pauly find that on days on which people feel older than usual, they experience more stressors, and fewer positive events, but also tend to show more favorable affective responses to these positive events. Thirdly, Pauly shows that positive affect mediates the association between social interaction time and decreased subjective age. Finally, Rutledge and Barlow shed light on differential associations between emotion beliefs and affect in younger vs. older individuals. Together, these studies offer valuable insights into the complex interplay between daily experiences, beliefs, affective fluctuations, and long-term health outcomes in adulthood. Stacey Scott will integrate the insights gained from these four papers, discuss their potential and limitations, and consider directions for future research.
THE INTERPLAY OF SOCIAL INTERACTION, POSITIVE AFFECT, AND SUBJECTIVE AGE IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Pauly Theresa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
How old people feel compared to their actual age, their so-called “subjective age” (SA), is a central predictor of health and well-being across the life span. Felt age can influence lifestyle choices such as attending a social gathering. On the other hand, spending time with other people can elicit feelings of engagement and positive emotions, which could in turn, make people feel younger. The current study aimed to examine the reciprocal association between everyday time spent in social interaction and subjective age in old age. For this purpose, a sample of 108 older adults aged 65–92 years took part in a daily diary study. Over 14 days, participants reported daily social interaction time, positive affect, and subjective age. Multi-level models showed that previous day social interaction time was related to next day subjective age, whereas previous-day subjective age was not related to next-day social interaction time. In addition, the same-day association between social interaction time and subjective age was fully mediated by positive affect. Findings suggest that social connections might foster a sense of feeling young in older adulthood. Further research in this area may offer valuable insights into developing interventions aimed at enhancing subjective well-being and quality of life among older populations.
HELPING OR HINDERING: ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN DAILY POSITIVE EXPERIENCES AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Witzel Dakota , Taylor Zachary , Cerino Eric , Stawski Robert , Almeida David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Daily stressors have significant effects on cognitive health across the lifespan, but little is known about how daily positive experiences may facilitate better cognitive performance. Leveraging the third wave of a publicly available adult lifespan sample who completed a telephone assessment of cognitive function (i.e., executive function, episodic memory) and an eight-day daily diary protocol (n=1,172; 55.76%Women, Mage=62.71), we examined how the exposure, number of, and affective reactivity to daily positive experiences were related to executive function and episodic memory. Models adjusted for daily stressor exposure, age, education, marital status, and gender. Person means for exposure and number of positive experiences, as well as negative (NAR) and positive (PAR) affective reactivity (decreases or increases in negative or positive affect, respectively) were calculated across eight days. Linear regressions suggest that having a higher proportion of days with positive experiences, and a higher number of positive experiences were related to better executive function and episodic memory (ps&lt;.05). Higher NAR to the exposure to and number of daily positive experiences was related to better executive function; only NAR to the exposure to daily positive experiences were related to better episodic memory (ps&lt;.05). Higher PAR to the exposure to and number of daily positive experiences was related to poorer episodic memory only (ps&lt;.05). Discussion will focus on the complex differential associations among affective reactions to positive experiences and cognitive function. Future directions should evaluate possible non-linear effects of reactivity and mechanisms underlying associations between daily positive experiences and cognitive health across the lifespan.
A TECHNOLOGY-BASED TRANSITIONAL PALLIATIVE CARE INTERVENTION FOR FAMILY CAREGIVERS IN RURAL OR UNDERSERVED AREAS
Authors: Griffin Joan , Holland Diane , Vanderboom Catherine , Mandrekar Jay , Kaufman Brystana , Gustavson Allison , Ingram Cory 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this presentation, Dr. Griffin will describe the Technology-Enhanced Transitional Palliative Care (TPC) study, a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an intervention to address FCGs’ unmet needs in order to improve their health and well-being. Nurse interventionists use video visits to teach, guide and counsel FCGs in rural areas caring for someone receiving palliative care and transitioning form hospital to home. In addition to providing background on the importance of addressing unmet family caregiver needs during care transitions for patients receiving palliative care, she will describe the study design, sample, intervention and control group procedures, including the use of video visits, and outcomes assessed. This presentation will provide necessary context for the remaining presentations.
RECRUITING FAMILY CAREGIVERS FOR INTERVENTIONS DESIGNED TO OPTIMIZE TRANSITIONS FROM HOSPITAL TO HOME
Authors: Gustavson Allison , Griffin Joan , Horstman Molly , Kaufman Brystana , Mandrekar Jay , Vanderboom Catherine , Ingram Cory , Holland Diane 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recruiting family caregivers to participate in research, especially caregivers of people with severe or life limiting illnesses transitioning from hospital to home, is challenging. Traditional approaches for recruitment, including recruitment done on site at clinics or hospitals, became impracticable during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to shifts toward virtual or remote recruitment and consent. In this presentation, Dr. Gustavson will compare the success of these two methodological approaches, in-person and remote recruitment and consent, used in the Technology-Enhanced Transitional Palliative Care (TPC) study. She found that the rate of recruitment and consent done in-person was 28% and the rate of remote recruitment and consent was 23%. Those recruited and consented remotely were more likely to be younger, white, have greater than high school education, and were children of or had another non-spousal relationship to the care recipient. She discusses the limitations and benefits of each recruitment modality, including the impact on representativeness of the study sample.
LAYERING THE IMPACTS OF STRUCTURAL RACISM ON HEALTHY AGING TRAJECTORIES IN A LONGITUDINAL COHORT
Authors: Sadler Richard 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
African Americans are more at risk for earlier and more pronounced cognitive and functional decline. Direct impacts of racism are responsible for disparities in medical quality, access, and treatment are documented drivers of these racial disparities in aging health inequities. But largely understudied is the role of the built and social environment as a foundational determinant of health. In particular, a web of elements of structural racism in the built environment (STRAßE) work together to create environments where amenities are scarce and disamenities proliferate. While many studies are keen to include redlining as one such measure, emerging evidence suggests that additional STRAßE variables (i.e. blockbusting, urban renewal, freeway construction) may be key in illuminating health linkages. Here we build such measures for the city of Baltimore for use in an expanded dataset of the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) epidemiological cohort study. Our team has proposed work with HANDLS to collect complete residential histories for ~800 midlife to older Baltimore-born men and women (ages 30-64 at baseline), tracked up to 13 years across three waves. We will illustrate spatial-temporal specific exposures of STRAßE and establish a framework for future work. We use GIS to digitize and geocode the extent of STRAßE and identify spatial-temporal overlaps. Initial findings show interesting links between key STRAßE measures (i.e. redlining lacking overlap with blockbusting, gentrification co-occurring with redlining and urban renewal), illustrating the importance of considering a wider range of measures than has been examined to date.
NATIVE AMERICAN CAREGIVING PREFERENCES: HEARING THEIR VOICES
Authors: Monaghan-Geernaert Pamela 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
American Indian and Alaska Native elders have the shortest life expectancy of all non-white groups in the USA (CDC, 2022). Despite this disparity, Native elders experience higher rates of morbidity, often necessitating skilled care. Previous research has indicated that enhancing treatment for AI/AN elders must incorporate cultural considerations (Willging et al. 2021). This study utilized focus group data collected at the National Indian Council on Aging (NICOA) biennial conference for American Indian and Alaska Native elders. Elders from all Indian Health Service Units across the nation participated in the focus groups, sharing their desires for caregiving when they can no longer care for themselves. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that elders wish to have their voices heard and to play a role in guiding their own care to the best of their abilities. When external caregivers are necessary, elders prefer family members as their first choice, followed by tribal members, with culturally trained caregivers considered as a last resort. Additionally, elders expressed a desire for the incorporation of Native teachings, storytelling, and traditional medicines, such as herbal remedies, into their care. They also emphasized the importance of streamlining the care process between Indian Health Services (IHS), tribes, and families and removing barriers to ensure respective care during periods of illness and frailty. As the Native elderly population continues to age, it is crucial that we actively listen to their stories and preferences regarding elderly care.
EXPLORING IKIGAI AND LIVING WELL WITH DEMENTIA AMONG JAPANESE CANADIANS: A NARRATIVE AND ARTS-BASED RESEARCH STUDY
Authors: Ito Hiro , Cox Susan , Phinney Alison , Ho Anita 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Like many ethnocultural minority populations, Japanese Canadians have been underrepresented in research pertaining to experiences of living with dementia. Representation of how diverse populations experience living with dementia is necessary to further scholarship on the intersections of dementia and culture. Thus, we aim to explore how Japanese Canadians live well with dementia through the conceptual lens of ikigai, a Japanese wellbeing construct. In this two-phase study, we took a relational approach and recruited 4 people living with dementia and 3 of their care partners from the Japanese Canadian community. In the first phase, we conducted individual and dyadic narrative interviews to understand experiences of living well with dementia. In the second phase, we gathered in a group art-making workshop to enable participants to identify and express what they wanted others to know about how they live well with dementia. To ensure that individuals could participate meaningfully in their preferred language, the study was conducted in English and Japanese. Audio recordings from both phases were transcribed and analyzed through narrative inquiry. Through our study, we identified several ways Japanese Canadians maintained their ikigai to live well with dementia, including notions of balance, continuity, and gratitude. Our findings offer insights into the integral role of culture in living well with dementia, as well as the value of culturally nuanced and inclusive research.