bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Session 1: Understanding Stress and Mood
Authors: Weersing V. Robin , Gonzalez Araceli , Rozenman Michelle 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This chapter details the content for the first session of BBT and involves three primary goals: (1) to orient and provide an overview of treatment to youth and parent(s), (2) provide psychoeducation about stress and natural responses to stress, and (3) introduce and assign mood monitoring. First, the therapist describes the structure and goals of BBT and how this intervention might be helpful in the context of the youth’s symptoms. Next, therapists engage families in discussion to normalize stress and negative emotions, and describe how stress can be a call to action, but that stress can also lead to behaviors such as avoidance and withdrawal that may become problematic over time. The chapter ends by introducing and practicing mood monitoring as a tool to understand links between certain situations and emotions in order to identify the youth’s behavioral patterns, which will set the foundation for a plan of action throughout BBT.
Session 2: Relax Your Self and Your World
Authors: Weersing V. Robin , Gonzalez Araceli , Rozenman Michelle 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chapter 2 (Session 2) focuses on understanding and managing physical responses to stress. Youth and their families will learn about how the body responds to stress to keep us safe, and how sometimes our bodies and minds may react strongly in situations that are not actually unsafe. Youth learn a variety of skills to manage the body’s response to stress, including ways to Relax Your Self (i.e., relax your body using deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation, and relax your mind using guided imagery) and Relax Your World (i.e., pleasant activity scheduling). This chapter provides the therapist with guidance on how to prioritize which techniques to emphasize based on each youth’s symptom presentation. At the end of the session, the therapist will work with the youth and their parent to develop a relaxation plan for the week and to continue mood monitoring.
Session 3: Problem-Solving Plans
Authors: Weersing V. Robin , Gonzalez Araceli , Rozenman Michelle 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The goal of Chapter 3 (Session 3) is to teach problem-solving using the PLANS acronym and apply this skill to a problem identified by the youth. The session begins by reinforcing completion of between-session practice of relaxation and pleasant activities and then introduces the stepwise skill of problem-solving. Youth learn how to Pinpoint the problem, List out different options, Analyze different solution options, Narrow it down to one solution and make a plan, and Solve the problem by enacting the plan and evaluating how it worked. The therapist and youth work together to apply Problem-Solving PLANS to a personal problem selected by the youth and develop a specific plan of action for youth to implement before the following session. Youths may vary with regard to how many components of the PLANS they are able to complete in session; this chapter provides guidance to aid the therapist in tailoring the content to each youth.
Session 4: Developing a Master Plan
Authors: Weersing V. Robin , Gonzalez Araceli , Rozenman Michelle 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4 (Session 4) sets the foundation for the remainder of the sessions in BBT. In addition to reviewing and consolidating skills from previous sessions, this session highlights avoidance as an unhelpful habit and emphasizes graded approach behaviors as a helpful response that will ultimately decrease stress and negative emotions. The therapist, youth, and parent will work together to identify major treatment goals related to the youth’s current internalizing difficulties and begin developing the Master Plan, which lays out a plan for graded engagement toward stress-inducing situations. Importantly, this session involves a demonstration activity that youth and therapist complete together in session. The demonstration activity involves practicing a small step on the youth’s Master Plan before translating the Master Plan items into between-session practice activities for this session and each session moving forward.
Lycaon pictus (Carnivora: Canidae)
Authors: Bucci Melanie E , Nicholson Kerry L , Krausman Paul R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Lycaon pictus (Temminck, 1820), the African wild dog, is a moderately sized carnivore with dog-like appearance and irregularly mottled black, yellow-brown, and white pelage. It has a head–body length of 76–112 cm, tail length of 30–41 cm, shoulder height of 61–78 cm, and body weight of 17–36 kg. Lycaon pictus has four toes on each foot, differentiating it from other canids; is the only extant species within the genus with no subspecies; and is unlikely to be confused with any other canid. Lycaon pictus was once widespread throughout sub-Saharan Africa inhabiting nearly all environments and now inhabits grasslands, montane savanna, and open woodlands. Lycaon pictus is recognized as “Endangered” (EN) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Extended sister-chromosome catenation leads to massive reorganization of the E. coli genome
Authors: Conin Brenna , Billault-Chaumartin Ingrid , El Sayyed Hafez , Quenech’Du Nicole , Cockram Charlotte , Koszul Romain , Espéli Olivier 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In bacteria, chromosome segregation occurs progressively from the origin to terminus within minutes of replication of each locus. Between replication and segregation, sister loci are held in an apparent cohesive state by topological links. The decatenation activity of topoisomerase IV (Topo IV) is required for segregation of replicated loci, yet little is known about the structuring of the chromosome maintained in a cohesive state. In this work, we investigated chromosome folding in cells with altered decatenation activities. Within minutes after Topo IV inactivation, massive chromosome reorganization occurs, associated with increased in contacts between nearby loci, likely trans-contacts between sister chromatids, and in long-range contacts between the terminus and distant loci. We deciphered the respective roles of Topo III, MatP and MukB when TopoIV activity becomes limiting. Topo III reduces short-range inter-sister contacts suggesting its activity near replication forks. MatP, the terminus macrodomain organizing system, and MukB, the Escherichia coli SMC, promote long-range contacts with the terminus. We propose that the large-scale conformational changes observed under these conditions reveal defective decatenation attempts involving the terminus area. Our results support a model of spatial and temporal partitioning of the tasks required for sister chromosome segregation.
The Thirty Millimeter Telescope
Authors: Ita Yoshifusa , Ichikawa Takashi , Tsutsui Hironori , Hanaue Takumi , Komiyama Takahiro , Onozato Hiroki , Iwamatsu Atsushi , Morita Ryosuke , Habasaki Yuta , Amemiya Ryuto , Hanawa Miho , Yanagisawa Kenshi , Izumiura Hideyuki , Nakada Yoshikazu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A near-infrared telescope with an effective aperture diameter of 30 mm has been developed. The primary objective of the development is to observe northern bright stars in the J, H, and Ks bands and provide accurate photometric data on those stars. The second objective is to observe a belt-like region along the northern Galactic plane (|b| ≤ 5° and δ ≥ −30°) repeatedly, to monitor bright variable stars there. The telescope has been in use since 2016 December. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design and operational performances of the telescope, the photometric calibration methods, and our scientific goals. We show that the telescope has the ability to provide photometry with an uncertainty of less than $5\%$ for stars brighter than 7, 6.5, and 6 mag in the J, H, and Ks bands, respectively. The repeatability of the photometric measurements for the same star is better than $1\%$ for bright stars. Our observations will provide accurate photometry on bright stars that are lacking in the Two Micron Sky Survey and the Two Micron All-Sky Survey. Repeated observations at a good cadence will also reveal their nature in terms of variability in the near-infrared.
The ‘Criminalization’ of the Cop: How Incremental, Systematic Flaws Lead to Misunderstanding Police Calls for Service Involving Persons with Mental Illness
Authors: Mitchell Renèe J , Wire Sean , Balog Alan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recently, there has been an increased push for the adoption of alternative responses to policing. With mental health calls, these efforts take the form of co-responder models, in which mental health professionals respond to calls alongside police, or more recently behavioural health teams that respond alone. For any alternative, it is important to understand the prevalence of the problem, here measured as the volume of calls. However, measuring calls involving persons with mental illness (PwMI) has been historically problematic due to data ambiguity and missing context. We partner with the Burlington Police Department in North Carolina to better identify the full universe of calls involving PwMI. Using supplementary data sources and mental health keyword identification, we find that less than half of all calls involving PwMI are identified as such in the original call. Understanding the full universe of calls has implications for resource allocation, decisions to adopt alternate responses, and providing context for the current state of interaction between police and the population of PwMI.
The Role of Patient Recovery Expectations in the Outcomes of Physical Therapist Intervention: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wassinger Craig A , Edwards D Chase , Bourassa Michael , Reagan Don , Weyant Emily C , Walden Rachel R 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the association between baseline patient recovery expectations and outcomes following physical therapy care.MethodsPubMed, CINAHL Complete, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to February 2021. Concepts represented in the search included physical therapy, patient expectations, patient outcomes, and their relevant synonyms. Two reviewers independently screened studies of article abstracts and full texts. Eligibility criteria included English language studies that evaluated adults seeking physical therapist intervention for any health condition where both patient outcome (recovery) expectations and functional or other outcome measures were reported. Methodologic standards were assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program criteria. Data were extracted using a custom template for this review with planned descriptive reporting of results. Vote counting was used to measure reported outcomes.ResultsTwenty-one studies were included in this review, representing 4879 individuals. Studies were most commonly prospective cohort studies or secondary analyses of controlled trials. Varied expectation, outcome, and statistical measures that generally link patient recovery expectations with self-reported outcomes in musculoskeletal practice were used.ConclusionPatient recovery expectations are commonly associated with patient outcomes in musculoskeletal physical therapy.ImpactEvidence supports measuring baseline patient expectations as part of a holistic examination process.
A field of alternative food organizations: a study of discourses, actions and goals toward food system change in Geneva, Switzerland
Authors: Huber Johanna , Lorenzini Jasmine 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
While there is an abundant literature on alternative food organizations (AFOs), this research mostly consists of studies focusing on single types of food organizations. Hence, we lack a more encompassing understanding of how different types of AFOs are connected and what their collective transformative potential is within the food regime. In this article, we analyze how AFOs build a field, bring about social change collectively, and examine toward what type of change they work. Building on original survey data, network analyses and frames analyses, we propose an innovative quantitative operationalization of strategic action fields. We show that AFOs engaged in an information exchange network are more likely to hold systemic goals such as anticapitalism and food democracy than isolated AFOs. They also use more contentious action repertoires. We argue that a field of AFOs has more transformative potential than isolated organizations because they collectively challenge the status quo.
Ethyl Phloretate and Ethyl p-Coumarate: Two Phytotoxins from Valsa mali and Their Pathogenic Activities
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Tian Runze , Zhu Liangliang , Tang Lin , Tian Xiangrong , Huang Lili 
Published: February 2022

Valsa mali, the causal agent of apple Valsa canker, produces several phytotoxic metabolites to promote infection. Bioassay and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-guided isolation from the culture filtrate of V. mali strain 03-8 led to the identification of seven compounds including three unreported ones, ethyl phloretate (1), ethyl p-coumarate (2), and 1-p-hydroxybenzoyl glycerol (3). Compounds 1 and 2 produced significant phytotoxicity, with average lesion areas of 6.22 and 3.74 mm2, along with 2.96 and 3.47 mm2 at 1 mg/ml on mature and tissue-cultured apple leaves, respectively, whereas compound 3 did not cause any symptoms on host plants. The necrotic lesion area of compounds 1 and 2 on tobacco leaves was 52.65 and 48.28 mm2, respectively, compared with the negative control (0.46 mm2) at 1 mg/ml. At the same concentration, compounds 1 and 2 showed no significant influence on the germination rate of lettuce seeds while significantly decreasing the root length of lettuce seedlings to 6.74 and 4.67 mm, respectively, compared with that treated with sterile distilled water (22.01 mm). The discovery indicated that compounds 1 and 2 could be considered as non-host-specific toxins. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 could cause cell shrinkage, organelle damage, plasmolysis, and eventually ruptured protoplasmic membranes with cell death for their phytotoxicity in the host plants under optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results shed light on the mechanism for toxins 1 and 2 in V. mali-infected plants at the macroscopic and cellular levels.
Malnutrition and Pressure Injury Risk in Vulnerable Populations: Application of the 2019 International Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Munoz Nancy , Litchford Mary , Cox Jill , Nelson Jeffrey L. , Nie Ann Marie , Delmore Barbara 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Nutrition plays a vital role in promoting skin integrity and supporting tissue repair in the presence of chronic wounds such as pressure injuries (PIs). Individuals who are malnourished are at greater risk of polymorbid conditions, adverse clinical outcomes, longer hospital lengths of stay, PI development, and mortality, and incur increased healthcare costs compared with patients who are adequately nourished. In addition, some patient populations tend to be more vulnerable to PI formation, such as neonates, patients with obesity, older adults, and individuals who are critically ill. Accordingly, this article aims to review the latest nutrition care recommendations for the prevention and treatment of PIs, including those recommendations tailored to special populations. A secondary objective is to translate nutrition recommendations into actionable steps for the healthcare professional to implement as part of a patient plan of care.
Implementing an evidence-based plan of care built around individualized nutrition interventions is an essential step supporting skin integrity for these populations. The 2019 Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) affirms that meeting nutrient requirements is essential for growth, development, maintenance, and repair of body tissues. Many macronutrients and micronutrients work synergistically to heal PIs. Registered dietitian nutritionists play an important role in helping patients identify the most nutrient dense foods, protein supplements, and oral nutrition supplements to meet their unique requirements.
Clinical Outcomes of Corrective Fusion Surgery From the Thoracic Spine to the Pelvis for Adult Spinal Deformity at 1, 2, and 5 years Postoperatively
Authors: Arima Hideyuki , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Yamato Yu , Yoshida Go , Banno Tomohiro , Oe Shin , Mihara Yuki , Ide Koichiro , Watanabe Yuh , Nakai Keiichi , Kurosu Kenta , Matsuyama Yukihiro 
Published: February 2022

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
To investigate whether patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were consistent at 2 and 5 years after corrective fusion surgery from the thoracic spine to the pelvis in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) and to analyze whether revision surgery affected long-term outcomes.

Summary of Background Data.
PROs up to 2 years after corrective surgeries for ASD have been well-studied, but there are few reports of mid- to long-term results.

Methods.
We retrospectively analyzed patients with ASD who underwent corrective fusion surgery from the thoracic spine to the pelvis between 2010 and 2015. We investigated radiographic parameters and PROs (Scoliosis Research Society 22r [SRS-22r], Oswestry Disability Index [ODI]) preoperatively and at 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively, and the correlations between PROs at these time points. We also compared changes in PROs at 5 years in patients who underwent revision surgery and those who did not.

Results.
A total of 131 patients who underwent corrective fusion surgery from the thoracic spine to the pelvis were analyzed. The PROs at 1 and 5 years after surgery showed significant correlations in all SRS-22r domains (function [
r
= 0.620], pain [
r
= 0.577], self-image [
r
= 0.563], mental health [
r
= 0.589], subtotal [
r
= 0.663], and ODI [
r
= 0.654]). The PROs at 2 and 5 years after surgery showed significantly strong correlations in all domains (function [
r
= 0.715], pain [
r
= 0.678], self-image [
r
= 0.653], mental health [
r
= 0.675], subtotal [
r
= 0.741], and ODI [
r
= 0.746]). There were no significant differences in the change in PROs at 5 years in any domain in patients who underwent revision surgery (all P
> 0.05).

Conclusion.
One-year postoperative PROs improved significantly. Two-year PROs correlated strongly with 5-year postoperative PROs, indicating that 2-year PROs can predict longer term outcomes. The need for revision surgery did not influence the mid- to long-term clinical outcomes of corrective fusion surgery for ASD.

Level of Evidence: 3
Association of Prenatal Antibiotics and Mode of Birth With Otolaryngology Surgery in Offspring
Authors: Lovern Claire , Todd Isobel M. F. , Håberg Siri E. , Magnus Maria C. , Burgner David P. , Miller Jessica E. 
Published: February 2022

Background:Pediatric otolaryngology surgery is commonly performed after recurrent infections and allergy/atopy. Prenatal antibiotic exposure and cesarean section deliveries increase the risk of severe infection and allergy/atopy in the offspring, but the relationship with common, related surgical outcomes is unknown. This study measures the associations between prenatal antibiotic use and mode of birth with common pediatric otolaryngology surgery.Methods:Data linkage analysis of all live-born, singleton children, born between 2008 and 2018 was done using Norwegian national health registry data. Exposures of interest were prenatal antibiotics and mode of birth. The primary outcome was common otolaryngology surgery before 10 years of age. Exposure–outcome associations were estimated through multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for predefined covariates. Interaction between exposures was explored.Results:Of 539,390 children, 146,832 (27.2%) had mothers who were prescribed antibiotics during pregnancy, 83,473 (15.5%) were delivered via cesarean section, and 48,565 (9.0%) underwent an otolaryngology surgery during the study period. Prenatal antibiotic exposure [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.22; 95% CI: 1.20–1.24] and cesarean section (aHR, 1.14; 95% CI: 1.11–1.16) were each associated with otolaryngology surgery after mutual adjustment. There was some evidence of an interaction between the 2 exposures (P= 0.03).Conclusions:Antibiotic exposure in pregnancy and cesarean section may adversely affect early immune development and increase the risk of recurrent upper airway infections and allergy/atopy that may require otolaryngology surgery. Mechanistic studies are warranted to explore genetic and/or molecular pathways that explain these findings. This may identify potential therapeutic targets to reduce the burden of otolaryngology surgery.
Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Ampicillin-sulbactam in Pediatric Patients Using Plasma and Urine Data
Authors: Onita Tetsushu , Ikawa Kazuro , Ishihara Noriyuki , Tamaki Hiroki , Yano Takahisa , Naora Kohji , Morikawa Norifumi 
Published: February 2022

Background:
We aimed to develop population pharmacokinetic (PK) models of ampicillin and sulbactam using pooled data analysis and to optimize dosing regimens of ampicillin-sulbactam (combination ratio of 2:1) in pediatric patients.

Methods:
Population PK models of ampicillin and sulbactam were separately developed by simultaneously fitting plasma and urine data from pediatric patients in 14 published studies. Based on these models, we estimated the probability of attaining a pharmacodynamic (PD) target [50% of time that free drug concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration, 50% fT > minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)] against MIC90 [MIC that blocked the growth of 90% of the strains] of common bacteria in community-acquired pneumonia.

Results:
The analysis included 54 pediatric patients (0.083–16.42 years of age, 4.0–77.0 kg of body weight). A total of 284 plasma concentrations and 90 urinary excretions from 0 to 6 hours after administration were used for population PK modeling. The data were adequately described by 2-compartment models for ampicillin and sulbactam. Age was not a statistically significant covariate in the PK of either drug. The PK/PD breakpoint MICs for 45 mg/kg 3 times daily and 75 mg/kg 4 times daily (q.i.d.) were 0.25 and 1 μg/mL, respectively. For empiric therapy of community-acquired pneumonia, because MIC90 values for the main target pathogens is high (MIC90 = 2 μg/mL for Streptococcus pneumoniae and MIC90 = 4 μg/mL for Haemophilus influenzae), 75 mg/kg q.i.d. (Food and Drug Administration–approved maximum dosage in United States) might be better than 45 mg/kg 3 times daily (within approved dosage in Japan) to cover many pathogens.

Conclusions:
From the results of this PK/PD approach, 75 mg/kg q.i.d. (Food and Drug Administration–approved maximum dosage) should be recommended in the empiric therapy of community-acquired pneumonia.