bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Atrial Fibrillation on in-Hospital and Short-Term Outcomes of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Elsoudy Ahmed Mahmoud , Nassar Mohamed Bayoumi , Naseem Mohamed , Badr Seham Fahmy 
Published: April 2022

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can increase the risk of stroke, heart failure and other heart-related complications. The acute coronary syndrome is a potential risk factor for atrial fibrillation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of atrial fibrillation on in-hospital and short-term outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out on 80 patients with acute coronary syndrome with or without AF. Patients were classified into 3 groups: group I (50 patients) with acute coronary syndrome without AF, group II (15 patients) with acute coronary syndrome with new onset AF and group III (15 patients) with acute coronary syndrome with pre-existing AF. All patients were subjected to laboratory investigations (CBC, kidney functions and liver function tests) and twelve-lead surface ECG.
Results: ACEI, warfarin, amiodarone and PCI were significantly different among studied groups. ACEI was significantly lower in group 3 when compared to group 1. Warfarin, amiodarone, HF and AKI were significantly higher in group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1. PCI was significantly higher in group 1 and group 2 compared to group 3.
Conclusions: New-onset and pre-existing AF remained associated with an increased risk of in-hospital complications as heart failure and acute renal failure compared to patients presented with acute coronary syndrome without AF. Anticoagulation as warfarin and antiarrhythmic drugs as amiodarone were largely used in patients with AF during hospitalization.
Impact of Hydropriming on Fresh and Naturally Aged Seeds of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl)
Authors: Nidhi . , Mor V. S. , Tanwar Hemender , Duhan D. S. , Bhuker Axay , Singh Vikram , Dalal P. K. , Raj M. S. Puneeth , Shivani . 
Published: April 2022

Aims: An investigation was undertaken to identify the effect of hydropriming on germination, seedling growth and vigour in fresh, one year and two year old seeds of bottle gourd (Pusa Naveen variety and HBGH-35 hybrid).
Study Design: The present experiment was laid in Complete Randomized Design (CRD).
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the laboratories of the Department of Seed Science & Technology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2020.
Methodology: Seeds of both genotypes were soaked in distilled water for 48 hours in half volume of water with respect to seed weight (w:v) at a constant temperature of 25°C. Then after, germination test was performed using ‘Between Paper’ method to assess the effect of hydropriming on germination and seedling vigour related parameters.
Results: It was observed that hydropriming treatment significantly enhanced the germination and vigour of fresh and aged seeds of bottle gourd. Fresh seed lot recorded maximum germination (88.00%), shoot length (21.32 cm), root length (16.89 cm), seedling length (38.21 cm) and seedling dry weight (59.30 mg), vigour index I (3363) and vigour index II (5219) as compared to one year and two year old seed. However, effect of hydropriming was more pronounced on aged seeds as compared to fresh seeds. There was an increase in germination percentage in one year old seed to an extent of 9.69%, in two year old seed to an extent of 7.36%, whereas in fresh seeds it was only 2.30% as a result of hydropriming treatment.
Conclusion: It was concluded that one year old seed lot responded better to hydropriming treatment than two year old and fresh seed lot.
Lovastatin Concentration in Pleurotus ostreatus as Affected by Acid and Blanching Treatments Combined to Drying and Canning Processes
Authors: Mobou E. Y. , Yadang G. , Begoude A. D. B. , Nkoue A. T. , Kamdem S. L. Sado 
Published: April 2022

Aims: Lovastatin is a cholesterol-lowering drug produced by several filamentous fungi as a secondary metabolite. Its concentration in mushroom can be affected by many post-harvest processes. In this study, fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus grown on corn cobs were used to evaluate the effect of conservation techniques on their lovastatin concentration.
Methodology: acid and blanching treatments combined to different processes of fruiting bodies conservation like sun drying, oven drying and canning by autoclave cooking were tested to evaluate their effect on lovastatin concentration.
Results: Sun drying, oven drying at 60°C/70°C and canning using autoclave cooking at 100°C did not significantly affect lovastatin concentration. On the contrary, oven drying at 80°C caused the reduction of this compound up to 45.4% with respect to fresh product irrespective of the precedent use of citric acid or blanching treatments. Also, during canning, the use of autoclave heat treatments at temperatures 110 and 121°C for 15 minute caused a significant reduction of lovastatin concentration of about 52.2% and 48.9% respectively compared to the control. In this regards, it can be concluded that processes that use dry thermal treatments higher than 80°C and autoclave heat treatments higher than 100°C will contribute to the reduction of lovastatin, the cholesterol-lowering compound in Pleurotus ostreatus.
Rainfall Variability and Trend Analysis Over Nguru Yobe State, Nigeria
Authors: Sidi Yusuf Dawa 
Published: April 2022

Aims: This study aimed to analyze rainfall variation in a semi-arid environment by examining the annual precipitation over Nguru in Yobe, Nigeria for a period of 31 years (1975-2005).
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Nguru town, an arid environment in Yobe State of Nigeria using rainfall data from Nguru meteorological station from 1975-2005.
Methods: Coefficient of variability (CV) was used to evaluate rainfall variability over time in the area, and non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator were used to determine rainfall trend and its magnitude in the study area. The investigation was based on data collected over a 31-year period at a single site.
Results: The result indicates that the coefficient of variation CV for the annual rainfall in Nguru revealed a moderate inter annual variability (25%), whereas the CV for seasonal rainfall demonstrates that rainfall in the May June July monsoon period is highly variable between seasons (more than 40%). The CV for the August September October monsoon period, on the other hand, was 31.6%, indicating a considerable and high variability in total rainfall received.
Conclusion: The main conclusion of this study is that rainfall is highly variable over the years, posing a threat to climate change-induced drought and, as a result, affecting the socio-economic well-being of the people in the area, who are mostly peasant farmers who rely solely on agricultural activities for their livelihood.
Effect of Boron and Bio-fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Authors: Bhavana Kanakapudi , Singh Vikram , George Shruti Grace , Singh Shrish Kumar 
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The experimental soil used in this experiment was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36 %), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments each replicated three times on the basis of one year experimentation. The treatments which were Control (RDF), 2.5 kg B/ha + PSB, 2.5 kg B/ha + Azotobacter, 2.5 kg B/ha + PSB + Azotobacter, 5.0 kg B/ha + PSB, 5.0 kg B/ha + Azotobacter, 5.0 kg B/ha + PSB + Azotobacter, 7.5 kg B/ha + PSB, 7.5 kg B/ha + Azotobacter and 7.5 kg B/ha + PSB + Azotobacter are used. The results showed that application of 7.5 kg B/ha + PSB + Azotobacter showed significantly higher plant height (85.36 cm), No. of Branches/plant (6.57), Plant dry weight (19.53 g/plant), Crop growth rate (20.89 g/m2/day), capsules/plant (52.57), Seeds/capsule (62.60), Test weight (3.38 g), Seed yield (1.1635 t/ha), Stover yield (3.3819 t/ha), Biological yield (4.5556 t/ha), gross returns (Rs.79723.65/ha), net return (Rs.52849.25/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.96) as compared to other treatments. Therefore, treatment with application of 7.5 B/ha along with PSB 10 g/kg seeds and Azotobacter 10 g/kg seeds was more productive and can be recommended to farmers after further trials.
Effect of Slag Based Gypsum on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an Alkaline Soil
Authors: Goiba Pema Khandu , Prakash Nagabovanalli B. , Dhumgond Prabhudev , Shruthi . , Basavaraja P. K. , Chikkaramappa T. , Geetha K. N. , Basha C. R. Jahir 
Published: April 2022

A pot culture study was undertaken to study the effect of slag based gypsum as a source of nutrient to the rice crop in an alkaline soil. The treatments included recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) as control, 450, 600, 750 and 900 kg ha-1 of slag based gypsum (SBG) along with RDF. The treatments were replicated thrice and complete randomized design (CRD) was followed for statistical analysis. The results revealed that application of 750 kg SBG ha-1 recorded significantly higher rice grain (8.85 g pot-1) and straw (9.00 g pot-1) yield when compared with other treatments. Further, application of 750 kg SBG ha-1 recorded higher nitrogen (N) (137.68 mg pot-1), phosphorus (P) (48.37 mg pot-1) and potassium (K) (45.38 mg pot-1) uptake by rice grain and also a significantly higher exchangeable calcium (Ca) (12.19 c mol (p+) kg-1) and magnesium (Mg) (12.93 c mol (p+) kg-1) in post-harvest soil. Whereas, application of 900 kg SBG ha-1 recorded higher N (75.64 mg pot-1), P (17.95 mg pot-1) and K (49.78 mg pot-1) uptake by rice straw and also higher pH (8.95), electrical conductivity (EC) (1.28 dS m-1), available N (160.53 kg ha-1) and available sulphur (S) (182.50 kg ha-1) in post-harvest soil. Moreover, application of 900 kg SBG ha-1 was also reported to give higher micronutrient uptake and availability in post-harvest soil of our studies.
Microbiological Spectrum, Antibiogram and Bacteraemia in Biliary Tract Infections- A Study from Tertiary Centre of North India
Authors: Mehta Vibha , Grebriyal Versha , Loomba Poonam Sood , Mishra Bibhabati , Sharma Abha 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to understand the microbiological profile, clinical presentation, associated bacteraemia and present antibiogram pattern of various isolates from patients with biliary tract infection admitted in a tertiary care centre in India.
Methods: In this retrospective study, Bile samples were collected from adult patients admitted in our hospital and were processed as per standard protocol. The results were interpreted as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2020 guidelines. Bacterial isolates were categorised as MDR and PDR as per CDC.
Results: 326 bile samples were sent for aerobic culture and susceptibly testing. 197 (60.42%) of these samples were culture-positive, and the remaining 129 (39.57%) were sterile in nature. A total of 289 pathogens were isolated; Escherichia coli (37.37 % n=108) was predominant, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.60%, n=74). 170 (60.49%) isolates were resis­tant and the remaining 111 (39.50%) were susceptible to various drugs tested. 27 ESBL producing strains of E.coli( n= 20) and Klebsiella spp (n= 7) and 21 CRE producing strains of E coli ( n= 12) and Klebsiella spp( n=9) were reported . 5 isolates of Klebsie­lla spp. and a single E.coli were PDR and susceptible to colis­tin (MIC =0.5 mcg/ml) by microbroth dilution test.
Conclusion: The soaring rates of infection mainly by gram-negative bacteria are a red flag with the emergence of multidrug resistant organisms and change in the anti-microbiological spectrum and pattern of biliary tract infections, there is an urgent need for the empirical and prophylactic an­timicrobial therapy in every clinical setting.
Modulation Mechanism of Proanthocyanidins from Leaves of Bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. Et Zucc.) on Hyperlipemic Rats Induced by High-fat-diet
Authors: Ye Lu-ting , Dong Zong-hua , Liu Jun , Guan Feng , Ge Jian 
Published: April 2022

Aim: To investigate the lipid-lowering effect of proanthocyanidins from Bayberry leaf (BLP) in rat model of hyperlipidemia and to clarify the underlying molecular mechanism.
Study Design: The study includes in-vitro and in-vivo experiments in rat model.
Place and Duration of Study: College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Zhejiang Province, China, between March 2021 to December 2021.
Methodology: BLP were preliminarily characterized. The adsorption rate of BLP was determined based on in-vitro binding to bile acids. The effect of BLP on membrane transport of bile acids was examined through Caco-2 mono-layer in trans-well. The effect of BLP on serum enzyme activity and lipid metabolism genes expression were also investigated in a high-fat diet rat model.
Results: Total poly-phenol and proanthocyanidins contents were 97.93% and 82.25% respectively, using gallic acid and Epigallocatechin-3-O-Gallate (EGCG) as equivalent. The total flavonoid content was 12.05% (quercetin as equivalent) and the average polymerization degree of BLP was determined as 4.51. And the in-vitro average binding rates of BLP to bile acids were all higher than 80%. Meanwhile, the membrane transport of bile acids in Caco-2 monolayer cells were significantly obstructed by BLP. Furthermore, the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations in rat serum were markedly decreased after 28-day of BLP treatment. And the hepatic steatosis was significantly ameliorated in high-dose BLP treatment group compared with high fat group. High-dose administration of BLP significantly reduced the levels of 3-hydroxy-3-3methylglutary-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, while the levels of ATP binding cassette transporters (ABCG-5), liver X receptor-α (LXR-α) and cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) were significantly increased.
Conclusion: BLP can mediate the serum lipid metabolism via preventing bile acids re-absorption, reducing oxidative stress and regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes.
How to estimate R50% for cranial SRS/SRT cases with overlapping 50% isodose volumes: A proposed system
Authors: Desai Dharmin D. , Cordrey Ivan L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInevitably in clinical stereotactic cranial single isocenter multiple target cases treated with linac‐based multi‐leaf collimated (MLC) delivery, one encounters planning target volumes (PTVs) in close proximity with overlapping 50% isodose clouds (IDC50%). In such cases, it is very difficult to separate the IDC50% attributable to each individual target and, thus, assess the intermediate dose conformality or R50%. Such scenarios happen regardless of what metric is used to measure intermediate dose spill. Now that universal standards for intermediate dose spill have been proposed, it is important to have a consistent method for apportioning these overlapping IDC50% volumes to allow comparison with the proposed standards when multiple PTVs have overlapping IDC50%. We propose a systematic method for apportioning the IDC50% of multiple targets with overlapping IDC50% based on the relative surface area of each target volume; we call this the fair value estimate (FVE). This FVE system of apportionment is tested for reasonableness by comparing the apportionment of multiple target single isocenter stereotactic treatment with widely spaced targets where the IDC50% can be obviously assigned to demonstrate that the FVE results are very similar to the actual R50% results. We then demonstrate how the FVE system would be applied to cases with overlapping IDC50%. We propose this FVE system for consideration by the cranial stereotactic community for apportioning the intermediate dose spill when that intermediate dose spill overlaps among multiple targets.
Associative cued asynchronous BCI induces cortical plasticity in stroke patients
Authors: Niazi Imran Khan , Navid Muhammad Samran , Rashid Usman , Amjad Imran , Olsen Sharon , Haavik Heidi , Alder Gemma , Kumari Nitika , Signal Nada , Taylor Denise , Farina Dario , Jochumsen Mads 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe propose a novel cue‐based asynchronous brain–computer interface(BCI) for neuromodulation via the pairing of endogenous motor cortical activity with the activation of somatosensory pathways.MethodsThe proposed BCI detects the intention to move from single‐trial EEG signals in real time, but, contrary to classic asynchronous‐BCI systems, the detection occurs only during time intervals when the patient is cued to move. This cue‐based asynchronous‐BCI was compared with two traditional BCI modes (asynchronous‐BCI and offline synchronous‐BCI) and a control intervention in chronic stroke patients. The patients performed ankle dorsiflexion movements of the paretic limb in each intervention while their brain signals were recorded. BCI interventions decoded the movement attempt and activated afferent pathways via electrical stimulation. Corticomotor excitability was assessed using motor‐evoked potentials in the tibialis‐anterior muscle induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation before, immediately after, and 30 min after the intervention.ResultsThe proposed cue‐based asynchronous‐BCI had significantly fewer false positives/min and false positives/true positives (%) as compared to the previously developed asynchronous‐BCI. Linear‐mixed‐models showed that motor‐evoked potential amplitudes increased following all BCI modes immediately after the intervention compared to the control condition (p <0.05). The proposed cue‐based asynchronous‐BCI resulted in the largest relative increase in peak‐to‐peak motor‐evoked potential amplitudes(141% ± 33%) among all interventions and sustained it for 30 min(111% ± 33%).InterpretationThese findings prove the high performance of a newly proposed cue‐based asynchronous‐BCI intervention. In this paradigm, individuals receive precise instructions (cue) to promote engagement, while the timing of brain activity is accurately detected to establish a precise association with the delivery of sensory input for plasticity induction.
Edge‐Assisted Epitaxy of 2D TaSe2‐MoSe2 Metal–Semiconductor Heterostructures and Application to Schottky Diodes
Authors: Qiao Peiyu , Xia Jing , Li Xuanze , Ru Fan , Liu Pei , Tian Lifeng , Jiang Xingxing , Lin Zheshuai , Chen Xue , Meng Xiang‐Min 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVan der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures based on 2D metals and semiconductors have attracted considerable attention due to their excellent properties and great application potential in next‐generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. To obtain such vdWs heterostructures, the conventional approach with artificial exfoliation and stacking of 2D metals onto 2D semiconductors in the vertical direction is still far from satisfactory, because of the low yield and impurity‐involved transfer process. Here, two‐step vapor deposition growth of 2D TaSe2‐MoSe2 metal–semiconductor heterostructures is reported. Raman maps confirm the precise spatial modulation of the as‐grown 2D TaSe2‐MoSe2 heterostructures. Structural analysis reveals that the upper 1T‐TaSe2 is formed heteroepitaxially on/around the presynthesized 2H‐MoSe2 monolayers with an epitaxial relationship of (10‐10)TaSe2//(10‐10)MoSe2 and [0001]TaSe2//[0001]MoSe2. Based on the detailed characterizations of morphology, structure, and composition, an edge‐induced growth mechanism is proposed to illustrate the formation process of the 2D heterostructures, confirmed by first‐principle calculations. In addition, Kelvin probe force microscope characterizations and electrical transport measurements confirm that the 2D metal–semiconductor heterostructures exhibit typical rectification characteristics with a contact potential height of ≈431 mV. The direct growth of high‐quality 2D metal–semiconductor heterostructures marks an important step toward high‐performance integrated optoelectronic devices.
Atomic Threshold Switch Based on All‐2D Material Heterostructures with Excellent Control Over Filament Growth and Volatility
Authors: Nikam Revannath Dnyandeo , Hwang Hyunsang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis report demonstrates that atomic‐level controlled formation/rupture of conductive filaments using all 2D heterostructure of hBN‐graphene is a feasible way to achieve excellent switching characteristics for ideal atomic switches. At a threshold voltage, graphene with stable ion migration routes forms a few atom comprising Ag filaments in hBN, which subsequently spontaneously break as the applied voltage lowers, resulting in optimal threshold switching behavior in an hBN atomic switch. The hBN‐graphene atomic threshold switch maintains volatile threshold switching behavior in a wide range of operating currents (10 nA – 100 µA), has an extremely high on/off ratio > 108, ultralow leakage current < 1 pA and exceptionally rapid switching (≈70 ns). Ionic transport of Ag+ through graphene can avoid the migration of excessive Ag atoms into single layer hBN during operations. As a result, the growth of conductive filaments is stable and protected from atomic defects widening in hBN. The novel findings of this study show that the scaling layer thickness can reach the physical limit of vertical thickness scaling to accommodate the single‐atom volume of silver (≈0.257 nm) when using hBN, and a single‐atom‐thick ionic barrier made of graphene can be used to control switching.
Virus‐Like Iron Oxide Minerals Inspired by Magnetotactic Bacteria: Towards an Outstanding Photothermal Superhydrophobic Platform on Universal Substrates
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Xu Xiaoyang , Wu Mingzhen , Zhao Yao , Sun Fan , Xin Qiangwei , Zhou Yuhang , Qin Meng , Zhou Yahong , Ding Chunmei , Li Jianshu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMagnetic iron oxides, as the typical photothermal materials, possess the advantages of low cost, easy preparation, and biocompatibility, which impart great expectations in broad application prospects. However, the limited photothermal efficiency of iron oxides restricts their further use. Inspired by magnetotactic bacteria, a liquid film‐confined strategy has been developed assisted by a magnetic field for mineralization and assembly of iron oxides on the surface at room temperature. Virus‐like hierarchically micro/nanostructured iron oxides can be obtained on universal substrates which exhibit excellent photothermal performance, the highest among all iron oxide coatings and even comparable with carbon‐based materials. Theoretical simulation demonstrates the promotion of light capture by these particular structures. Moreover, by virtue of this, the surface is endowed with superhydrophobicity by a simple modification to construct a photothermal superhydrophobic platform, which is demonstrated by two challenging scenarios: high‐efficient antibacterial activity and defrosting/deicing ability controlled remotely. There is no need for harsh experimental conditions and templates, the strategy reported here is mild, environmental‐friendly and adopts trace amount of liquid (55 µL cm−2), which can provide a reference for the fabrication and application of other photothermal materials.