bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota composition in the sympatric and diet‐sharing Drosophila simulans and Dicranocephalus wallichii bowringi shaped largely by community assembly processes rather than regional species pool
Authors: Zhu Yu‐Xi , Yang Run , Wang Xin‐Yu , Wen Tao , Gong Ming‐Hui , Shen Yuan , Xu Jue‐Ye , Zhao Dian‐Shu , Du Yu‐Zhou 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClarifying the mechanisms underlying microbial community assembly from regional microbial pools is a central issue of microbial ecology, but remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the gut bacterial and fungal microbiome assembly processes and potential sources in Drosophila simulans and Dicranocephalus wallichii bowringi, two wild, sympatric insect species that share a common diet of waxberry. While some convergence was observed, the diversity, composition, and network structure of the gut microbiota significantly differed between these two host species. Null model analyses revealed that stochastic processes (e.g., drift, dispersal limitation) play a principal role in determining gut microbiota from both hosts. However, the strength of each ecological process varied with the host species. Furthermore, the source‐tracking analysis showed that only a minority of gut microbiota within D. simulans and D. wallichii bowringi are drawn from a regional microbial pool from waxberries, leaves, or soil. Results from function prediction implied that host species‐specific gut microbiota might arise partly through host functional requirement and specific selection across host–microbiota coevolution. In conclusion, our findings uncover the importance of community assembly processes over regional microbial pools in shaping sympatric insect gut microbiome structure and function.
Catalyst or barrier? Heterogeneous effects of standards on agricultural trade between China and the Belt and Road countries
Authors: Yang Lijuan , Du Weigong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is an ongoing debate about whether standards act as trade catalysts or barriers. This article uses a gravity model to analyze the effects of national standards on the trade of agricultural products between China and the 64 Belt and Road (B&R) countries from 1990 to 2019. Mandatory country‐specific standards have positive and significant effects on total trade, exports, and imports. Mandatory international harmonization standards have positive and significant effects on total trade and exports. Voluntary country‐specific standards positively (and significantly) affect exports, while voluntary internationally harmonized standards positively (and significantly) affect total trade, exports, and imports. The magnitude of coefficients of mandatory country‐specific standards is the highest, followed by mandatory internationally harmonized standards and voluntary internationally harmonized standards. It is beneficial for China and the B&R countries to strengthen standards cooperation, actively adopt international standards, and evaluate the implementation effect of standards over time.
MST4 as a novel therapeutic target for autophagy and radiosensitivity in gastric cancer
Authors: Shi Xiuhua , Zou Junwei , Wang Yinhua , Zhao Jian , Ye Bin , Qi Qinghua , Liu Fei , Hu Jun , Li Shu , Tian Ye 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMammalian ste20‐like kinase 4 (MST4) and autophagy have been implicated in ailments such as inflammatory and cancers.MethodsIn this study, the expression of MST4 data was extracted from TCGA, GTEx, and GEPIA. The infiltration of immune cells and methylation level of MST4 in tumor and normal tissues were extracted from GEPIA 2021, TISIDB, UALCAN, EWAS, MethSurv, and MEXPRESS database. We also predict the efficacy of outcome prediction with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). All proteins expressions of MST4, P62, and LC3 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in paired Gastric cancer (GC) and para‐cancerous normal tissue samples. We verify the effects of MST4 on irradiation‐induced gastric death, and also investigate effects of MST4 activating autophagy in GC cell lines with various in vitro assays using western blotting.ResultsWe have confirmed the high transcription level of MST4 from TCGA, USLCAN, HPA, and other portals, but a rapid decrease in protein level. More, MST4 can be considered as an independent prognostic molecule, which has significant prognostic significance in tumor grade, anti‐tumor treatment, histological type, and time‐dependent ROC curve. The methylation degree of MST4 promoter region in tumor is much lower than that in normal tissue, which may be the main reason for the remarkably high transcription level of MST4. In addition, MST4 transcription level was significantly inversely proportional to the infiltration level of most immune cells. The MST4 up‐regulation and the positive association of MST4 with autophagy expression were cross‐validated in open‐access datasets.ConclusionsMST4, as an autophagy‐associated protein, plays a potential role in inducing cell death by increasing protein content in radiotherapy.
Selective immunocapture reveals neoplastic human mast cells secrete distinct microvesicle‐ and exosome‐like populations of KIT‐containing extracellular vesicles
Authors: Pfeiffer Annika , Petersen Jennifer D. , Falduto Guido H. , Anderson David Eric , Zimmerberg Joshua , Metcalfe Dean D. , Olivera Ana 
Published: October 2022

AbstractActivating mutations in the receptor KIT promote the dysregulated proliferation of human mast cells (huMCs). The resulting neoplastic huMCs secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can transfer oncogenic KIT among other cargo into recipient cells. Despite potential contributions to diseases, KIT‐containing EVs have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we isolated and characterized KIT‐EV subpopulations released by neoplastic huMCs using an immunocapture approach that selectively isolates EVs containing KIT in its proper topology. Immunocapture of EVs on KIT antibody‐coated electron microscopy (EM) affinity grids allowed to assess the morphology and size of KIT‐EVs. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated KIT‐EVs have a distinct protein profile from KIT‐depleted EVs, contain exosome and microvesicle markers, and are separated into these subtypes by ultracentrifugation. Cell treatment with sphingomyelinase inhibitors shifted the protein content among KIT‐EV subtypes, suggesting different biogenesis routes. Proteomic analysis revealed huMC KIT‐EVs are enriched in proteins involved in signalling, immune responses, and cell migration, suggesting diverse biological functions, and indicated neoplastic huMCs disseminate KIT via shuttling in heterogeneous microvesicle‐ and exosome‐like EVs. Further, selective KIT‐immunocapture will enable the enrichment of specific huMC‐derived EVs from complex human biosamples and facilitate an understanding of their in vivo functions and potential to serve as biomarkers of specific biological pathologies.
Defective mitochondria‐lysosomal axis enhances the release of extracellular vesicles containing mitochondrial DNA and proteins in Huntington's disease
Authors: Beatriz Margarida , Vilaça Rita , Anjo Sandra I. , Manadas Bruno , Januário Cristina , Rego A. Cristina , Lopes Carla 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMitochondrial and autophagy dysfunction are mechanisms proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with mutant Huntingtin‐induced abnormalities in neuronal mitochondrial dynamics and quality control. Former studies suggest that the removal of defective mitochondria may be compromised in HD. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) is a complex, well‐orchestrated pathway that can be compromised through mitophagy dysregulation or impairment in the mitochondria‐lysosomal axis. Another mitochondrial stress response is the generation of mitochondrial‐derived vesicles that fuse with the endolysosomal system and form multivesicular bodies that are extruded from cells as extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this work, we aimed to study the presence of mitochondrial components in human EVs and the relation to the dysfunction of both mitochondria and the autophagy pathway. We comprehensively characterized the mitochondrial and autophagy alterations in premanifest and manifest HD carriers and performed a proteomic and genomic EVs profile. We observed that manifest HD patients exhibit mitochondrial and autophagy impairment associated with enhanced EVs release. Furthermore, we detected mitochondrial DNA and proteins in EVs released by HD cells and in neuronal‐derived EVs including VDAC‐1 and alpha and beta subunits of ATP synthase F1. HD‐extracellular vesicles transport higher levels of mitochondrial genetic material in manifest HD patients, suggesting an alternative pathway for the secretion of reactive mitochondrial components. This study provides a novel framework connecting EVs enhanced release of mitochondrial components to mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction in HD.
Aggressive, early resistant and relapsed mantle cell lymphoma distinct extrinsic microenvironment highlighted by transcriptome analysis
Authors: Le Bris Yannick , Normand Adeline , Bouard Louise , Ménard Audrey , Bossard Céline , Moreau Anne , Béné Marie C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImmunotherapy strategies relying on innate or adaptive immune components are increasingly used in onco‐haematology. However, little is known about the infiltrated lymph nodes (LN) or bone marrow (BM) landscape of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The original transcriptomic approach of reverse transcriptase multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (RT‐MLPA) was applied here to explore the expression of 24 genes of interest in MCL at diagnosis (21 LN and 15 BM) or relapse (18 LN). This allowed us to identify that at baseline, samples from MCL patients with an aggressive morphology (i.e. blastoid or pleomorphic) or a high proliferative profile, displayed significantly higher monocyte/macrophage‐associated transcripts (CD14 and CD163) in LN and BM. Regarding T‐cells, aggressive MCL forms had significantly lower amounts of LN CD3E transcripts, yet an increased expression of cytotoxic markers in LN (CD8) and BM (CD94). A very high‐risk group with early treatment resistance displayed, at diagnosis, high proliferation (KI67) and high macrophages and cytotoxic transcript levels. Post‐immunochemotherapy relapsed samples revealed lower levels of T‐ and natural killer‐cells markers, while monocyte/macrophage markers remained similar to diagnosis. This study suggests that rapid analysis of MCL microenvironment transcriptome signatures by RT‐MLPA could allow for an early distinction of patient subgroups candidates for adapted treatment strategies.
Feasibility of MRI Quantification of Myelin Water Fraction in the Fetal Guinea Pig Brain
Authors: Sethi Simran , Friesen‐Waldner Lanette J. , Wade Trevor P. , Courchesne Marc , Nygard Karen , Sarr Ousseynou , Sutherland Brian , Regnault Timothy R.H. , McKenzie Charles A. 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundFetal myelination assessment is important for understanding neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Myelin water imaging (MWI) quantifies myelin water fraction (MWF), a validated marker for myelin content, and has been used to assess brain myelin in children and neonates.PurposeTo demonstrate that MWI can quantify MWF in fetal guinea pigs (GPs).Study TypeAnimal model.Animal ModelNine pregnant, Dunkin‐Hartley GPs with 31 fetuses (mean ± standard deviation = 60 ± 1.5 days gestation).Field Strength/Sequence3D spoiled gradient echo and balanced steady‐state free precession sequences at 3.0 T.AssessmentMWF maps were reconstructed for maternal and fetal GP brains using the multicomponent driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 and T2 (mcDESPOT) approach. Myelin basic protein (MBP) stain provided histological validation of the MWF. Regions of interest were placed in the maternal corpus callosum (CC), maternal fornix (FOR), fetal CC, and fetal FOR in MWF maps and MBP stains.Statistical TestsLinear regression between MWF and MBP stain intensity (SI) of all four regions (coefficient of determination, R2). A paired t‐test compared the MWF of maternal and mean fetal CC, MBP SI of maternal and mean fetal CC, MWF of maternal and mean fetal FOR, MBP SI of maternal and mean fetal FOR. A paired t‐test with a linear mixed model compared the MWF of fetal CC and fetal FOR, and MBP SI of fetal CC and fetal FOR. A P value < 0.0083 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mean MWF of the analyzed regions are as follows (mean ± standard deviation): 0.338 + 0.016 (maternal CC), 0.340 ± 0.017 (maternal FOR), 0.214 ± 0.016 (fetal CC), and 0.305 ± 0.025 (fetal FOR). MWF correlated with MBP SI in all regions (R2 = 0.81). Significant differences were found between MWF and MBP SI of maternal and fetal CC, and MWF and MBP SI of fetal CC and fetal FOR.Data ConclusionThis study demonstrated the feasibility of MWI in assessing fetal brain myelin content.Evidence Level: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1
SARS‐CoV‐2, HIV, and HPV: Convergent evolution of selective regulation of cGAS–STING signaling
Authors: Shen Si , Rui Yajuan , Wang Yanpu , Su Jiaming , Yu Xiao‐Fang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecognizing aberrant cytoplasmic double‐stranded DNA and stimulating innate immunity is essential for the host's defense against viruses and tumors. Cyclic GMP–AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic DNA sensor that synthesizes the second messenger 2′3′‐cGAMP and subsequently activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING)‐mediated activation of TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1)/interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and the production of type I interferon (IFN‐I). Both the cGAS–STING‐mediated IFN‐I antiviral defense and the countermeasures developed by diverse viruses have been extensively studied. However, recent studies have revealed a convergent evolutionary feature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral proteins in terms of the selective regulation of cGAS–STING‐mediated nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling without any effect on cGAS–STING‐mediated TBK1/IRF3 activation and IFN production. The potential beneficial effect of this cGAS–STING‐mediated, NF‐κB‐dependent antiviral effect, and the possible detrimental effect of IFN‐I in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 and HIV infection deserve more attention and future investigation.
Clinical characteristics of 1139 mild cases of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant infected patients in Shanghai
Authors: Wang Miao , Liu Zhidong , Wang Zengliang , Li Ke , Tian Yu , Lu Wei , Hong Jie , Peng Xinwei , Shi Jin , Zhang Zhijie , Mei Guojiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn March 2022, the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) surged during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Shanghai, but over 90% of patients were mild. This study included 1139 COVID‐19 patients mildly infected with the Omicron variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Shanghai from May 1 to 10, 2022, aiming to clarify the demographic characteristics and clinical symptoms of patients with mild Omicron infection. The clinical phenotypes of Omicron infection were identified by model‐based cluster analysis to explore the features of different clusters. The median age of the patients was 41.0 years [IQR: 31.0–52.0 years] and 73.0% were male. The top three clinical manifestations are cough (57.5%), expectoration (48.3%), and nasal congestion and runny nose (43.4%). The prevalence of nasal congestion and runny nose varied significantly across the doses of vaccinations, with 23.1% in the unvaccinated population and 30%, 45.9%, and 44.3% in the 1‐dose, 2‐dose and 3‐dose vaccinated populations, respectively. In addition, there were significant differences for fever (23.1%, 26.0%, 28.6%, 18.4%), head and body heaviness (15.4%, 14.0%, 26.7%, 22.4%), and loss of appetite (25.6%, 30.0%, 33.6%, 27.7%). The unvaccinated population had a lower incidence of symptoms than the vaccinated population. Cluster analysis revealed that all four clusters had multisystemic symptoms and were dominated by both general and respiratory symptoms. The more severe the degree of the symptoms was, the higher the prevalence of multisystemic symptoms will be. The Omicron variant produced a lower incidence of symptoms in mildly infected patients than previous SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, but the clinical symptoms caused by the Omicron variant are more complex, so that it needs to be differentiated from influenza.
High‐pressure Raman study of Na‐Ca burbankite—A possible CO2 host in deep mantle
Authors: Rashchenko Sergey , Mikhno Anastasia , Shatskiy Anton 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNa‐Ca carbonates synthesized in high‐pressure experiments and found in mineral inclusions inside diamonds, exhumed from mantle depths, attract a lot of attention as potential hosts of subducted CO2 in the deep mantle and sources of carbonate‐rich magmas, involved in mantle metasomatism and diamond formation. However, the Na‐Ca carbonates synthesized at pressures of mantle transition zone (13–24 GPa) were not characterized structurally or spectroscopically. At the same time, the stability of well‐characterized Na‐Ca carbonates synthesized at lower pressures (3–6 GPa) at higher pressures was never studied in in situ experiments. Here, we report an in situ Raman study of Na‐Ca burbankite, Na2Ca4(CO3)5, synthesized at 6 GPa using diamond anvil cell technique up to the pressures of 24 GPa, corresponding to the mantle transition zone. The obtained results link the observations from experiments corresponding both to the upper mantle and mantle transition zone by demonstration of structural stability of Na‐Ca burbankite and the absence of phase transitions up to 24 GPa (at least at ambient temperature). The latter allows to preliminary assign the Na‐Ca‐carbonates synthesized in carbonated pelites and eclogites under pressures of mantle transition zone to the burbankite structural type.
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) pod powder as a potential enhancer of probiotic Enterococcus faeciumM74 in ice cream and its physicochemical, structural, and sensory effects
Authors: Çam Gizem , Akın Nihat , Konak Göktepe Çiğdem , Demirci Talha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, pea (Pisum sativum L.) pod powder (PPP) was incorporated (1% and 3% w/w) into a probiotic ice cream formulation containing Enterococcus faecium M74 to investigate the potential effect of PPP on the probiotic survivability in the ice cream throughout 60 days of frozen storage. Moreover, the produced symbiotic ice creams were evaluated for their physiochemical properties, stability, and sensory acceptability.RESULTSIncorporation of PPP into ice cream caused significantly (P < 0.05) increased protein and ash content and lower pH values. Besides that, the addition of PPP resulted in ice creams with higher hardness and lower overrun. A significant diminishing was observed in the melting rates of the ice creams as the percentage of PPP increased and storage time progressed. Ice cream with PPP presented lower lightness and higher greenness and yellowness compared with control. All ice creams had viable counts of E. faecium M74 of ≥6 log cfu g−1 during storage and provided the number of viable cells that the probiotic product should contain. On day 60, the viability of E. faecium M74 in ice cream containing 1% PPP (7.64 ± 0.02) was higher than the control (7.28 ± 0.00). Sensory analyses revealed that there was no statistical difference in ice cream with 1% PPP and the control without PPP in terms of general acceptability.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that pea pods, which is a waste product of the pea industry and obtained at zero cost, could be used as a potential prebiotic and an agent to improve technological properties of dairy products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Repeated exposure to fractional CO2 laser delays squamous cell carcinoma formation and prevents clinical and subclinical photodamage visualized by line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography and histology
Authors: Olesen Uffe H. , Jacobsen Kevin , Lerche Catharina M. , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesAblative fractional laser (AFL) is a well‐established modality for treating ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐induced skin photodamage. We aimed to investigate the potential of AFL to delay squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) formation and prevent photodamage in a preclinical UVR‐induced SCC model.Materials and MethodsHairless C3.Cg‐Hrhr/TifBomTac mice (n = 50) were exposed to UVR three times weekly throughout the study. UV‐exposed mice were randomized to two groups that received dorsal CO2 AFL (10 mJ/mb, 10% density) or no treatment. AFL was performed every other week for a total of 16 weeks (nine treatments in total). The primary outcome was time to tumor occurrence. In a subset of mice on Day 150, prevention of clinical photodamage was assessed by examination of skin tightness and dyspigmentation. Concomitantly, assessment of subclinical photoprevention based on normalization of keratinocyte dysplasia, dermo‐fiber morphology (collagen and elastin fibers), and skin thickness, was performed using line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) and histology.ResultsRepeated AFL treatments delayed SCC tumor development compared to UVR control mice by 12, 19, and 30 days for first, second, and third tumors, respectively (p ≤ 0.0017). Compared to UVR controls, AFL prevented photodamage both clinically and subclinically, based on LC‐OCT and histology. In the epidermal layer, AFL imparted photopreventative effects including reduced dyspigmentation and keratinocyte dysplasia (1 vs. 2.5, p = 0.0079) and partial normalization of the epidermal thickness (p < 0.0001). In the dermis, AFL led to twofold greater skin tightness (p = 0.0079), improved dermo‐fiber structure, and dermal thickness (p = 0.0011).ConclusionIn conclusion, repeated AFL treatments of UVR‐exposed skin significantly delayed SCC tumor formation and prevented clinical and imaging‐assessed subclinical signs of photodamage, indicating a potential for AFL in prevention strategies for SCC and photodamage in high‐risk populations.
On the existence of distributional potentials
Authors: Voigt Jürgen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present proofs for the existence of distributional potentials for distributional vector fields , that is, , where Ω is an open subset of . The hypothesis in these proofs is the compatibility condition for all , if Ω is simply connected, and a stronger condition in the general case. A key tool in our treatment is the Bogovskiĭ formula, assigning vector fields satisfying to functions with . The results are applied to properties of Hilbert spaces of functions occurring in the treatment of the Stokes operator and the Navier–Stokes equations.