bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petroleum‐contamination drives the shift of microbiome through modifying soil metallome
Authors: Liu Zhe , Gu Meixia , Zhu Wei , Zhang Mengru , Zhou Weizhi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoil oil‐pollution is one of the most severe environmental issues at present. Shifts of soil metallome and microbiome are essential indicators for risk assessment and remediation of field soil pollutions. However, how soil metallome and microbiome react to petroleum‐contamination is not well studied. In this research, soil samples were collected from a short‐term and long‐term petroleum‐contaminated oil field. The soil physicochemical properties, metallome, microbiome, and soil microbial networks were investigated. Results showed that the contents of soil total petroleum hydrocarbon, total carbon, total nitrogen, total sulfur, total phosphorus, calcium, copper, manganese, lead, and zinc were increased by petroleum‐contamination because petroleum is rich in these elements. In contrast, the soil pH was lowered resulting from soil sulfur oxidation regardless of the petroleum pollution duration. Petroleum‐contamination also reduced bacterial and fungal α‐diversity indices because of the selective pressure of petroleum. Furthermore, bacterial α‐diversity was negatively correlated with soil total petroleum hydrocarbon content and electrical conductivity, and fungal α‐diversity was negatively correlated with soil electrical conductivity. Moreover, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, Oleibacter, and Fusarium in soil were increased by petroleum‐contamination. Network analysis showed that number of links, modules, and the network invulnerability decreased in short‐term contaminated soil, followed by the long‐term contaminated group, and the main reason should be the environmental disturbance caused by petroleum‐contamination. These results demonstrate that short‐term heavy petroleum contamination can cause shifts in soil physicochemical properties, metallome, and microbiome and assemble a less complex and vulnerable soil microbial network. Moreover, natural restoration can hardly amend soil properties and microbial network structure. This research emphasizes that the uncommonly studied soil metallome may play a vital part in the reaction of microbial communities to petroleum‐contamination.
High‐resolution mapping of soil pollution by Cu and Ni at a polar industrial barren area using proximal and remote sensing
Authors: Dvornikov Yury , Slukovskaya Marina , Yaroslavtsev Alexey , Meshalkina Joulia , Ryazanov Alexey , Sarzhanov Dmitrii , Vasenev Vyacheslav 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIndustrial pollution by potentially toxic elements (PTE) remains a key environmental threat, resulting in soil and ecosystem degradation. Remediation of the industrial barrens is challenging in polar regions, where plant growth is hampered by severe climatic conditions. High‐resolution mapping of soil pollution is needed to support soil remediation and management projects. The distribution of nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) was analyzed in the topsoil within the industrial barren around the Ni and Cu smelter in Kola Peninsula, Russia using a field‐portable XRF analyzer. Bulk Cu and Ni contents were measured at 84 observation points within the area of two hectares planned for remediation. The PTE content varied between 0.2 and 9.0 g kg−1 for Cu and between 0.2 and 21 g kg−1 for Ni. The area was surveyed with unmanned aerial vehicles and differential global navigation satellite systems to obtain a high‐accuracy digital terrain model for exploring the factors behind the spatial variability. Field observations were interpolated by regression kriging with different input resolution of auxiliary data (0.5–1.0–1.5–2.0 m) and different regression models (gradient boosting machines and multiple linear regression). Model performance and validation showed that 1.0–1.5 m resolution of auxiliary data were the best for projecting Cu and Ni topsoil contents within the study site. The soil type and topographic wetness index were the most important variables explaining Cu and Ni content variability.
Soil losses due to leek and groundnut root crop harvesting: An unstudied regional problem in Turkey
Authors: Parlak Mehmet , Everest Timuçin , Tunçay Tülay , Caballero‐Calvo Andrés , Rodrigo‐Comino Jesus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSoil loss from root crops is an increasingly significant problem studied for some species, such as potatoes, sugar beets, carrots, celery, and onions. It reduces soil fertility and, subsequently, soil productivity. For leek (Allium porrum) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), however, there is little information to date. More research on this topic could help farmers reduce the process of soil degradation. In some countries, such as Turkey, the production of these crops is perennial to supporting rural communities and ensuring food security. Therefore, it is important to quantify soil losses from leek and groundnut crops in Turkey. This study investigated the factors affecting soil losses and the cost of nutrients lost with the transported soil by analyzing randomly selected plants from 45 harvested leek and groundnut plots. Our results showed that soil losses reached 3.99 Mg ha−1 per harvest for leek and 1.04 Mg ha−1 for groundnut. Prevailing soil moisture explained 59% of the variability in the leek harvest and soil texture and bulk density for leek yield at harvest. In the groundnut harvest, 53% of the variability was explained by antecedent soil moisture and clay fraction for the groundnut yield at the time of harvest. The estimated annual cost of nutrients losses was $US 3.75 ha−1 for leek and $US 0.76 ha−1 for groundnut. It can be concluded that leek and groundnut harvesting causes soil and nutrient losses with considerable economic costs. Therefore, awareness should be raised among farmers and users. In addition, policymakers should consider the management of soil loss by crop harvesting (SLCH) processes.
Impact of disturbance on biomass, carbon, and nitrogen storage in vegetation and on soil properties of tropical dry deciduous forest in Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Thakrey Manutai , Singh Lalji , Jhariya Manoj Kumar , Tomar Anurag , Singh Akhilesh Kumar , Toppo Shalini 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe tropical deforestation due to biotic interference, land use change, and population explosion in Asian countries has attracted the global concern with respect to conservation and protection of forest resources. Indian soils are limited in terms of nutrient reserves and organic matters. Our present study deals the influence of disturbance on phytosociology, vegetation carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) along with soil properties of tropical deciduous forest in Chhattisgarh. The stratified random sampling technique was used for quantifying the vegetation. Results revealed that 43.75% species are rare in occurrence in undisturbed forest (UF), and in disturbed forest (DF) about 50% species showed rarity over the area as per the Raunkiaer frequency class of species rarity and commonness. Total density and basal cover were 1090 trees ha−1 and 28.16 m2 ha−1, respectively. in UF and was 190 trees ha−1 and 10.99 m2 ha−1 in DF. The disturbance resulted into 31.63% loss in total biomass in DF compared to UF. The increasing disturbances are altering the forests attributes in terms of poor standing stock, basal area, and diversity in DF. The concentration of dominance and beta diversity value was higher in DF. It may be increased due to influx of generalist species in DF. Stand biomass was found to be 3‐times higher in UF than the DF. Higher value of C and N stock and soil nutrient were found in UF. Thus, proper conservation, protection, and restoration of these forests should be the priority to improve the C pool and ecological services.
All‐Organic Filler with Fractal Structure for Reinforcement and Toughening of Aromatic Polyamide Film
Authors: Gao Yue , Lv Junwei , Gao Kexiong , Zhang Dajie , Luo Longbo , Liu Xiangyang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe simultaneous enhancement in strength and toughness seems to be an intrinsic contradiction in multiple material designs, including the structural regulation of polymer composites. In this study, benzimidazole‐containing aromatic‐polyamide thin films are used as typical rigid polymers with high strength and modulus to study their strength–toughness collaboration via a multi‐scaled stress distribution mechanism. A fully organic deformable filler with a fractal structure is designed. Utilizing the large‐scale deformability of the filler to absorb the energy and dislocation node structure of the filler to disperse the stress, the composite thin film is significantly toughened, which is reflected in the elongation at break increased by 144.9% and energy at break increased by 154.2%. In addition, the specific fractal structure of the filler provided a larger interaction area, which enhanced the interfacial bonding force and improved the strength of the film. Moreover, owing to the larger interaction area provided by the fractal structure, the interface bonding force between the filler and matrix due to the similar chemical structures is further improved and the tensile strength of the composite thin film is increased from 389.2 ± 11.98 to 426.2 ± 4.41 MPa.
Study on polyetheretherketone prepreg manufactured by aqueous system of powder impregnation
Authors: Li Yanrui , Li Yong , Huan Dajun , Chen Xiaodong , Li Lisha , Liu Hongquan , Wang Wuqiang , Wang Junsheng , Xiao Jun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAiming to improve safety and stability in manufacturing poly‐ether‐ether‐ketone (PEEK) prepreg by powder impregnation, the aqueous system combined with surfactant and thickener was proposed in this paper. Based on surface tension method, the effects of surfactants and concentration on dispersion efficiency of PEEK powders were studied, and concentration of surfactants was determined. The effect of thickener concentration on suspension stability was analyzed, and ingredients of aqueous system were optimized by mechanical tests. The results show that, dispersion efficiency would reach maximum when surfactant concentration at critical micelle concentration, but not affected by the type of surfactant. Network association mechanism of thickener could improve stability of suspension, which holding time was increased from 40 min to 4 h. The good dispersion effect and long times stable system improved the coefficient variation of resin mass fraction, which was reduced from 7% to 4%. Compared with circulating system, the mechanical test results showed that the tensile strength kept unchanged, but interlayer properties were associated with carbon residue mass, the lower the residue carbon mass, the higher the interlayer strength retention rate, the optimized ingredient was Aerosol OT 75%E solution. Aqueous system has characteristics of safety, green, and low cost, which fits the demands of industrial production of prepreg.
Effects of midplane carbon nanotube sheet interleave on the strength and impact damage resistance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Nasirmanesh Amir , Singh Abhendra K. , Villaflor Daniel , Blandford Benjamin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe effects of embedding a midplane carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet on the impact damage resistance, tensile strength and propensity for interlaminar shear failure in a carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite is experimentally evaluated. External and internal damage in the impacted composite laminates were characterized via surface profilometry and ultrasonic C‐scan, respectively. The external dent areas and dent depths were greater for impacted laminates without the CNT sheet interleave, while the planar internal damage areas were greater for the impacted laminates with the CNT sheet. Destructive evaluation of the impacted laminates showed significant delaminations and matrix cracks in the vicinity of the midplane for the laminates with the CNT sheet, while damage was more distributed through the thickness in the non‐CNT sheet ones. While a single CNT sheet interleave did not significantly affect the tensile strength of the laminate, residual strength after impact and the corresponding strain to failure was higher because of the CNT sheet interleave. The propensity for interlaminar shear failure was greater for laminates without the CNT sheet than those with the CNT sheet.
Novel of (PLA/PCL blend)/Gd2O3 rare earth oxide nanocomposites: Shape memory effect, thermal, magnetic, and mechanical properties
Authors: Özen Öner Ecem , Pekdemir Mustafa Ersin , Ercan Ercan , Say Yakup , Kök Mediha , Aydoğdu Yıldırım 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPoly ɛ‐caprolactone (PCL) and poly lactic acid (PLA) stand out as biocompatible polymers. In this study, PCL and PLA were blended in 40:60 ratio, respectively, and then the Gd2O3 compound, which is an important earth element oxide, was mixed in PLA–PCL shape memory polymer (SMP) blend at different rates and polymer blend nanocomposites were obtained. First of all, the effects of Gd2O3 oxide on the thermal properties of the SMP blend were determined with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and it was determined that Gd2O3 did not have a significant effect on the melting temperature of the blend, while it significantly increased its thermal stability. As a result of the XRD (X‐ray diffraction) analysis of the composites at room temperature, it was determined that the semicrystalline blend, with the addition of Gd2O3, increased its crystalline property. When the shape memory effect was examined, it was understood that the additive did not eliminate the shape memory effect. When the magnetic property of the gadolinium oxide‐doped composite, which is magnetocaloric oxide, was examined, the magnetic property of the composite changed from diamagnetic to paramagnetic with increasing additives. Finally, the mechanical properties of the shape memory blend composite were investigated and no regular changes were observed in the mechanical properties with increasing Gd2O3.
Synthesis and characterization of pH‐responsive water‐dispersed nanohydrogels of cross‐linked polyacrylamide‐co‐polyacrylic acid
Authors: Corona Rivera Miguel Angel , Cisneros Covarrubias Cándida Anahy , Fernández Escamilla Víctor Vladimir Amílcar , Mendizábal Mijares Eduardo , Pérez López José Elías 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the following article, stable nanohydrogels (NHGs) of poly (acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) (PAAm‐co‐PAA) were synthesized by batch polymerization (BP) and semicontinuous (SP) polymerization processes. As crosslinking agents, N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (NMBAM) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) were used; docusate sodium salt (AOT) was used as a surfactant. The initiators employed in this work were 2,2′‐Azobis(2‐methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (V‐50), potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS), peroxydisulfuric acid diammonium salt (APS), and dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO). The compositions of acrylamide/acrylic acid (AAm/AA) (90/10, 70/30, 50/50, w/w), the type of a crosslinking agent, and the type of initiator on pH response of water‐dispersed NHGs were investigated. The NHGs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Latexes with average particle size (Dpz) from 53 to 125 nm were obtained using NMBAM and EGDMA by BP polymerization processes. In contrast, NHGs synthesized by SP polymerization processes showed a Dpz ranging from 73 to 125 nm using NMBAM and EGDMA. On the other hand, the Dpz of the NHGs dispersed in water was found to be from 126 to 302 nm with NMBAM and EGDMA, respectively. Furthermore, the Dpz of the NHGs depended on the pH; higher pH values produced high Dpz values. The spherical morphology was maintained at the studied pH.
Towards bifacial silicon heterojunction solar cells with reduced TCO use
Authors: Han Can , Santbergen Rudi , van Duffelen Max , Procel Paul , Zhao Yifeng , Yang Guangtao , Zhang Xiaodan , Zeman Miro , Mazzarella Luana , Isabella Olindo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractReducing indium consumption, which is related to the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) use, is a key challenge for scaling up silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell technology to terawatt level. In this work, we developed bifacial SHJ solar cells with reduced TCO thickness. We present three types of In2O3‐based TCOs, tin‐, fluorine‐, and tungsten‐doped In2O3 (ITO, IFO, and IWO), whose thickness has been optimally minimized. These are promising TCOs, respectively, from post‐transition metal doping, anionic doping, and transition metal doping and exhibit different opto‐electrical properties. We performed optical simulations and electrical investigations with varied TCO thicknesses. The results indicate that (i) reducing TCO thickness could yield larger current in both monofacial and bifacial SHJ devices; (ii) our IWO and IFO are favorable for n‐contact and p‐contact, respectively; and (iii) our ITO could serve well for both n‐contact and p‐contact. Interestingly, for the p‐contact, with the ITO thickness reducing from 75 nm to 25 nm, the average contact resistivity values show a decreasing trend from 390 mΩ cm2 to 114 mΩ cm2. With applying 25‐nm‐thick front IWO in n‐contact, and 25‐nm‐thick rear ITO use in p‐contact, we obtained front side efficiencies above 22% in bifacial SHJ solar cells. This represents a 67% TCO reduction with respect to a reference bifacial solar cell with 75‐nm‐thick TCO on both sides.
The importance of using ordinal scores for patient classification based on health‐related quality of life trajectories
Authors: Barbieri Antoine , Cousson‐Gélie Florence , Baussard Louise , Gourgou Sophie , Lavergne Christian , Mollevi Caroline 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChanges in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) over time are not necessarily homogeneous within a population of interest. Our study aim was twofold: to determine homogeneous patient subpopulations distinguished by HRQoL trajectories, and to identify the particular patient profile associated with each subpopulation. To classify patients according to HRQoL dimension scores, we compared mixtures of linear mixed models (LMMs) classically applied to scores defined by the EORTC procedure, and mixtures of random effect cumulative models (CMs) applied to scores treated as ordinal variables. A simulation study showed that the mixture of LMMs overestimated the number of subpopulations and was less able to correctly classify patients than the mixture of CMs. Considering HRQoL scores as ordinal rather than continuous variables is relevant when classifying patients. The mixture of CMs for ordinal scores is able to identify homogeneous subpopulations and their associated trajectories. The application focused on changes over time in HRQoL data (collected using the EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaire) from 132 breast cancer patients from the Moral study. Once the classification is obtained only from HRQoL scores, class membership was then explained through a logistic regression model, given a large panel of variables collected at baseline. Analysis of data revealed that deterioration over time of role functioning and insomnia was closely related to patient anxiety: anxiety at baseline is a prognostic factor for a poor level and/or a deterioration over time of HRQoL. For functional dimensions, large tumor size and high education level were associated with worse HRQoL scores.
Modeling and vertical torsional coupling vibration control of the rolling mill with full state constraints
Authors: Qian Cheng , Xu Jiajun , Hua Changchun , Park Kyoung‐Su 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article establishes a mechanical‐electrical‐hydraulic vertical torsional coupling vibration mathematical model, and investigates its vibration suppression control strategy with time varying full state constraints for the rolling mill vertical torsional coupling vibration system. Firstly, the mechanical‐electrical‐hydraulic vertical torsional coupling vibration nonlinear model is developed using dynamic theory, which takes into account nonlinear damping, nonlinear rolling force and the coupling relationship between the vertical vibration system and the torsional vibration system. Then, nonlinear constraint transformation functions and coordinate transformations are implemented to remove the feasibility condition in handling the full state constraints problem, and neural networks are used to approximate unknown nonlinear functions. Furthermore, the vibration suppression control algorithm of the mechanical‐electrical‐hydraulic vertical torsional coupling system is designed with the specific sequence backstepping method and dynamic surface control technique, which can resolve the problem of nesting in the controller design process. Finally, the effective of the proposed method on vibration suppression is verified by the simulation.
Observer‐based output feedback event‐triggered robust H∞ consensus control of uncertain linear multi‐agent systems with directed networks
Authors: Hu Wenfeng , Weng Yihang , Li Huaqing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBased on accessible output signals, the distributed event‐triggered robust consensus control is investigated for a range of uncertain linear multi‐agent systems with external disturbances under directed networks in this article. By introducing some certain variable transformations, the consensus problem of the multi‐agent system is converted into the stability analysis for a cluster of sub‐systems. Different from some conventional consensus protocols which rely on full states and continuous interactions among agents, an event‐triggered consensus control protocol only based on the local observed relative states of neighboring agents at event moments is proposed by adopting an observer to each agent. It is strictly proved that all agents can achieve consensus meanwhile satisfying the desired robust performance and no agent exhibits Zeno behavior under the proposed control protocol. Finally, an example of a typical mass‐spring system is given to illustrate the validity of the theoretical results.
Spatial patterns of stable isotopes and trophic ecology in a hydropeaking river
Authors: Jones Nicholas E. , Haxton Tim J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile the impacts of dams are known, there are gaps in our understanding, particularly with respect to longitudinal patterns of environmental and biological gradients downstream of dams. We investigated longitudinal patterns of stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the regulated Magpie River. We also examined the diet of brook trout via mixing models using the dominant forage items in the river. For brook trout, δ13C values increased and δ15N values decreased in reaches progressing downstream. River distance downstream of the dam explained the variation in levels of stable isotopes in brook trout. Most changes occurred within the first eight kilometres of the river. The fish length had a significant but weak positive effect on stable isotope levels. Based on the MixSiar mixing model, the diet of brook trout consisted of 72% longnose dace, 27% benthic invertebrates, and 1% sculpin. The Magpie River had isotope values that were lower for δ13C and higher for δ15N when compared to nine neighbouring natural unregulated rivers. Previous research on the Magpie River demonstrated that the upstream reservoir exports large quantities of plankton that likely provides a quality food source for river biota and shows a clear downstream gradient in energy sources similar to the changes found for δ13C. For the Magpie River, and other regulated rivers, statistical comparisons of many abiotic and biotic variables, including stable isotopes, could lead to erroneous conclusions if samples are not collected with explicit consideration of spatial gradients.