bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV-Erstdiagnosen in Deutschland im Jahr 2014 – eine
regionale Analyse
Authors: Thomas Schleenvoigt Benjamin , Ankert Juliane , Stocker Hartmut , Stoehr Albrecht , Lehmann Clara , Schulz Christian , Wesselmann Hans , Bickel Markus , Haberl Annette , Degen Olaf , Pletz Mathias Wilhelm , Seybold Ulrich , Stephan Christoph ,   für die HIV-Regional Studiengruppe,   HIV-regional Studiengruppe
                        Axel Baumgarten, Christoph Boesecke, Carlos Fritzsche, Thomas Heuchel, Stefanie Holm, Andreas Jenke,
                        Heribert Knechten, Christoph Lübbert, Rainer Lundershausen, Anja Meurer, Ramona Pauli, Nils Postel, Katja Römer,
                        Steve Rößler, Ines Ruck, Thomas Seidel, Markus Sellmann, Matthias Stoll, Christoph Spinner, Petra Spornraft-Ragaller,
                        Michael Waizmann, Eva Wolf, Christoph Wyen
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Über die qualitative Bedeutung der testenden Zentren
im Gesundheitswesen ist wenig bekannt, gleichzeitig stellen die Late-Presenter
eine immer noch große Gruppe bei den HIV-Erstdiagnosen.
Ziel der Arbeit Analyse des Einflusses von Testzentren und -grund auf die
Prävalenz von HIV-Erstdiagnosen und Late-Presentation, exemplarisch
für das Jahr 2014.
Material und Methoden In einer Querschnittsstudie wurden zu allen im
Netzwerk HIV-Regional Behandelten mit Erstdiagnose HIV im Jahr 2014
retrospektiv, pseudonymisiert und dezentral klinische und demographische
Patienten-Charakteristika inklusive Angaben HIV-Test gesammelt und zentral
statistisch ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse 971 Individuen mit Erstdiagnose HIV aus 31 spezialisierten
Versorgungszentren in ganz Deutschland (15 Kliniken, 16 Praxen)
repräsentieren einen Anteil von 27,5% aller
HIV-Erstdiagnosemeldungen des Robert-Koch-Instituts für 2014, mit
ähnlichen Ergebnissen für CD4-Zellzahl und
HIV-Übertragungsrisiko. Häufigster Testort war das Krankenhaus
(34,8%), gefolgt vom Hausarzt (19,6%) und Facharzt
(16,1%). Wurde die Erstdiagnose in der Klinik gestellt, dann waren die
Betroffenen im Mittel älter als ambulant getestete (42 vs. 37 Jahre,
p=0,001), außerdem fand sich eine höhere HI-Viruslast
(585 vs. 270 Tsd. Kopien/mL, p<0,001) und niedrigere
CD4-Zellzahl (265 vs. 414/µL, p<0,001). Bei
208/971 HIV-positiv getesteten fand sich mindestens eine
AIDS-definierende Erkrankung, am häufigsten die Pneumocystis-Pneumonie
(43,8%), Candidiasis (36,5%) und Kaposi-Sarkom (10,6%).
Im regionalen Vergleich fand sich bei ostdeutschen Erstdiagnostizierten ein
jüngeres Lebensalter, eine höhere HIV-RNA und häufiger
das Vollbild AIDS.
Schlussfolgerung Die HIV-Regional-Analyse zum Jahr 2014 erlaubt
exemplarisch einen tieferen Einblick in die HIV-Erstdiagnosen am Vorabend der
Einführung wichtiger Präventionsmaßnahmen in
Deutschland, z. B. HIV-Heimtests und die
Prä-Expositionsprophylaxe. Diese repräsentative Stichprobe
unterstreicht die Bedeutung spezialisierter Kliniken für die
HIV-Versorgungsstruktur, besonders für Ostdeutschland und allgemein
für die Einbindung sogenannter Late-Presenter ins Gesundheitswesen.
Bellis perennis – ein kleines Mittel mit Tiefgang
Authors: Bitsch Manuela 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungBellis perennis, ein kleines oft unterschätztes bzw. vergessenes Mittel, das im Schatten der großen Schwester Arnica montana eine bescheidene Existenz fristet.Was Arnica für das Offensichtliche, Äußerliche ist, das ist Bellis für das Verborgene, in der Tiefe liegende.Große Schmerzen in der Tiefe, Verletzungen im Beckenbereich oder große Schmerzen durch starke Abkühlung – auch hier finden wir die Richtung in die Tiefe. Hier ist es sowohl in akuten als
auch in chronischen Fällen ein enorm wichtiges Mittel.Konstitutionell ist es in der Veterinärmedizin noch weitgehend unbeachtet. Ich meine, zu Unrecht.
Rückenschmerzen beim Hund – getragene Probleme und Lösung mit Blütenessenzen
Authors: Smit-Fornahl Brigitta 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungHunde spiegeln Probleme ihrer Halter wider. Dies kann sich in Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, Veränderung der Schmerzempfindlichkeit und Rückenproblemen äußern. Entzündungshemmende und
schmerzlindernde Medikamente vermögen akute Symptome zu mindern, eine langandauernde Wirkung ist jedoch nur durch eine Veränderung der belastenden Grundsituation zu erreichen.
Blütenessenzen, die sowohl auf strukturell-körperlicher wie auch seelisch-emotionaler Ebene wirken, können alle Mitglieder im systemischen Feld erreichen und eine grundlegende Neuausrichtung
anstoßen.
Behandlung von Rückenerkrankungen beim Pferd mit Laserakupunktur
Authors: Petermann Uwe 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungLaserakupunktur ist der durch eine gezielte Reizung von Nervenpunkten bewirkte Eingriff in vegetative Steuerungsmechanismen mittels Soft- oder Mid-Lasern. Neben der Akupunkturwirkung ist
die lokale Laserwirkung, Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), auf die Rückenmuskulatur von zusätzlicher besonderer Bedeutung.512 Pferde mit Rückenbeschwerden wurden ausschließlich mit Laserakupunktur behandelt. Die hohe Effizienz der Methode, der spontane Wirkungseintritt direkt nach der ersten Behandlung sowie
eine sehr gute Dauerwirkung nach Abschluss der Therapie werden beschrieben. Anhand von einzelnen Fallstudien wird die Vorgehensweise bei der Behandlung erläutert.
Whipple’s disease – a rare and challenging complication in a patient with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Bulut Kerem , Markova Antoaneta , Canbay Ali E. , Schmidt Wolfgang E. , Kahraman Alisan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction Whipple’s disease (WD) is a rare and infectious condition leading to multi-organ impairment caused by Tropheryma whipplei (TW), a ubiquitously occurring bacterium. TW can be detected in tissues by histological detection of PAS (“periodic acid-ship reaction”)-positive macrophages and by polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR). Clinically, WD is often characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. These symptoms are also typical for a flare in Crohn’s disease (CD) and, therefore, can lead to fatal misdiagnosis and wrong treatment by using biologics (e.g., anti-TNF-α).
Case report We here report a young male patient with pre-existing CD. The patient’s symptoms were misinterpreted as a flare of CD and illustrate the multifaceted nature of WD. After intensifying immunosuppressive therapy, the patient developed therapy-refractory diarrhea with several opportunistic infections with a final, fatal outcome.
Conclusion Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are not only at risk from infectious complications known with clostridium difficile or cytomegalovirus (CMV); infection with WD should also be ruled out by endoscopy and biopsy before the escalation of the immunosuppressive regime.
Auswirkungen der COVID-Pandemie auf die Besorgtheit von Patient:innen mit funktionellen gastrointestinalen Symptomen
Authors: Goebel-Stengel Miriam , Lohmiller Jacqueline , Schäffeler Norbert , Zipfel Stephan , Stengel Andreas 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungFunktionelle gastrointestinale Erkrankungen wie das Reizmagen- (funktionelle Dyspepsie, FD) und das Reizdarmsyndrom (RDS) sind stressassoziiert. Die seit 2020 grassierende COVID-19-Pandemie hat Ängste und Stress in der Bevölkerung ausgelöst. Distanzierende Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der Pandemie beeinflussen die psychische Gesundheit. Das Ziel dieser Studie war die Untersuchung der Auswirkungen des dritten Lockdowns 12/2020–01/2021 auf die Besorgtheit von Patient:innen mit FD oder RDS.Patient:innen mit der Diagnose FD oder RDS, die im Jahr 2020 in einer universitären Ambulanz oder in einem Krankenhaus der Regelversorgung im Süden Baden-Württembergs behandelt wurden, nahmen freiwillig an einer anonymen Online-Umfrage zu Begleiterkrankungen, Besorgtheit um COVID-19 und Stresserleben teil.106 Patient:innen (♀=67, ♂=38, 1 divers) nahmen an der Umfrage teil. Davon hatten 16 FD (♀=9, ♂=6, divers=1), 80 RDS (♀=52, ♂=28) und 10 beides (♀=6, ♂=4). Depressive und Angsterkrankungen waren die häufigsten Komorbiditäten in der FD- (jeweils 25%) und RDS-Gruppe (jeweils 20%). Im Vergleich von Teilnehmenden mit FD und RDS zeigten jene mit RDS signifikant höhere Werte für eine Zunahme der Magen- und Darmbeschwerden während der Pandemie (p=0,007), eine häufigere Vorstellung beim Arzt während der Pandemie, einen stärkeren sozialen Rückzug aufgrund gastrointestinaler Symptome (p=0,05) und höhere Werte für die Befürchtung, dass eine Impfung gegen COVID-19 die Magen- und Darmbeschwerden ungünstig beeinflussen könnte (p=0,05).In Zeiten der Pandemie scheint eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit in der Versorgung von Patient:innen mit FD oder RDS mehr denn je vonnöten, um Besorgnisse zu adressieren und eine gute Behandlung anzubieten.
Toxicity of Hydrogen Sulfide on Rat Brain Neurons
Authors: Seydi Enayatollah , Irandoost Zahra , Khansari Mahmoud Ghazi , Naserzadeh Parvaneh , Tanbakosazan Farahnaz , Pourahmad Jalal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic compound known as a member of the
gasotransmitter family. H2S has the ability to inhibit the cytochrome
c oxidase enzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Mitochondria play an
important role in energy production and the brain needs energy for normal
function. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with neurodegenerative
diseases. This study investigated the mechanisms of cytotoxicity induced by
H2S in brain neurons. thioacetamide has been used to produce
H2S in water solutions. The results of the study showed that
thioacetamide at concentrations of 116, 232 and
464 µg/ml was able to increase the level of reactive
oxygen species (ROS), collapse in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), damage
to the lysosomal membrane, increase in the level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG)
and decrease in the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in brain neurons. The
results of the study suggested that H2S causes damage to mitochondria
and lysosomes in brain neurons that could be associated with neurodegenerative
diseases.
Malignant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of Rectum: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Karthikeyan Mohan , Kolandasamy Chinnusamy , Naganath Babu Obla L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal tract accounting for less than 1% of all gut tumors. GISTs occurring in the rectum are extremely rare and these usually present at an advanced stage compared with other sites.We report a case of a middle-aged female who presented with features of anemia and subacute obstruction due to a large rectal tumor and underwent abdominoperineal resection. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of high-grade malignant GIST with multiple lymph nodal metastasis. She was started on adjuvant imatinib therapy and is on follow-up without any evidence of recurrence.The authors conclude that GIST must be included in the differential diagnosis of a rectal tumor. Diagnosis is established by biopsy and immunohistochemistry studies. Surgical resection with histological negative margins is the standard curative treatment. Adjuvant targeted therapy can reduce long-term recurrence in high-risk cases.
Vibrational relaxation of carbon dioxide in water
Authors: Gleim Jeannine , Lindner Jörg , Vöhringer Peter 
Published: February 2022

The dynamics of vibrational relaxation of carbon dioxide in water has been studied using femtosecond mid-infrared pump–probe spectroscopy with excitation of the anti-symmetric stretching (ν3) fundamental state of the solute. The relaxation dynamics were recorded at a constant pressure of 500 bars and in the temperature range between 300 and 600 K, thereby covering the liquid-to-near-critical region of the solvent. The excited state of the ν3-mode is deactivated in two competing pathways: (i) direct relaxation to the ground state with resonant transfer of the excess vibrational energy into the bending–librational continuum of the water solvent and (ii) relaxation to the bending fundamental state with transfer into the intramolecular bending mode of H2O. The rate of pathway (i) decreases with increasing temperature, from ∼1/(9 ps) at 300 K to ∼(1/16 ps) at 600 K and obeys Fermi’s golden rule strictly, provided that the spectral density of energy-accepting solvent states is derived from the stationary infrared absorption profile of H2O. The rate of pathway (ii) is 1/(23 ps) and assumed to be temperature-independent within our data analysis. Finally, the bending fundamental of CO2 can also relax to the ground state by resonantly transferring the remaining excess energy to the librational fundamentals of the solvent.
Targeting ectromelia virus and TNF/NF-κB or STAT3 signaling for effective treatment of viral pneumonia
Authors: Pandey Pratikshya , Al Rumaih Zahrah , Kels Ma. Junaliah Tuazon , Ng Esther , Kc Rajendra , Chaudhri Geeta , Karupiah Gunasegaran 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceAntivirals are ineffective in treating viral pneumonia if administered after 48 h post onset of disease symptoms. Lung pathology during respiratory viral infections is triggered by the host inflammatory response and tissue damage caused by replicating virus. Therefore, targeting both virus and inflammation would be more effective in treating pneumonia. Simultaneous treatment with an anti-inflammatory drug targeting TNF or STAT3 combined with an antiviral drug significantly improved clinical disease, reduced lung viral load and pathology and protected mice from severe pneumonia caused by respiratory ectromelia virus infection. The combined treatment suppressed multiple proinflammatory cytokines and cytokine-signaling pathways, including NF-κB and STAT3. Late after onset of symptoms, antiviral treatment alone cannot ameliorate viral pneumonia, as it cannot reduce inflammation effectively.
Definition of a mouse microglial subset that regulates neuronal development and proinflammatory responses in the brain
Authors: Shen Xianli , Qiu Yiguo , Wight Andrew E. , Kim Hye-Jung , Cantor Harvey 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceCD11c+microglia enriched for osteopontin (OPN) expression appear at distinct stages of brain development, aging, and several neurodegenerative disorders. Whether coexpression of CD11c and OPN results from microglial activation or represents a part of a subset-specific genetic program is unknown. We find that this CD11c+microglial subset is formed before birth upon uptake of apoptotic neurons. Our analysis also suggests that it represents a stable subset that requires OPN to mediate engulfment of synaptic proteins, proliferate, and develop a proinflammatory phenotype. Definition of OPN-producing CD11c+microglia as a specialized microglial subset provides insight into the contribution of microglial differentiation to brain development and function in health and disease.
Restricted phase space thermodynamics for AdS black holes via holography
Authors: Gao Zeyuan , Zhao Liu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A new formalism for thermodynamics of AdS black holes called the restricted phase space thermodynamics (RPST) is proposed. The construction is based on top of Visser’s holographic thermodynamics, but with the AdS radius fixed as a constant. Thus the RPST is free of the (P, V) variables but inherits the central charge and chemical potential as a new pair of conjugate thermodynamic variables. In this formalism, the Euler relation and the Gibbs–Duhem equation hold simultaneously with the first law of black hole thermodynamics, which guarantee the appropriate homogeneous behaviors for the black hole mass and the intensive variables. The formalism is checked in detail in the example case of four-dimensional Reissner–Nordström anti-de Sitter black hole in Einstein–Maxwell theory, in which some interesting thermodynamic behaviors are revealed.
Schrödinger’s equation from Snell’s law
Authors: Lima Nathan , Karam Ricardo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A new derivation of Schrödinger’s equation is presented, based on Schrödinger’s original discussions on refraction and the optical-mechanical analogy, but adopting a much simpler formalism: Newtonian mechanics and some basic elements of classical wave theory (such as Snell’s law). We compare how particles and waves refract and show that the ‘law of particle refraction’ and the ‘law of wave refraction’ may become consistent if one assumes that a particle can be represented by a wave group. In this case, the differential equation whose solutions represent the waves forming such wave group is the Schrödinger equation. Due to the simplicity of the adopted mathematical formalism, we argue that this derivation can be used in quantum mechanics courses at introductory level to give students an idea of Schrödinger’s original path to his wave equation.
1D Ising model using the Kronecker sum and Kronecker product
Authors: Magare Sourabh , Roy Abhinash Kumar , Srivastava Varun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Calculations in the Ising model can be cumbersome and non-intuitive. Here we provide a formulation that addresses these issues for 1D scenarios. We represent the microstates of spin interactions as a diagonal matrix. This is done using two operations: the Kronecker sum and Kronecker product. The calculations thus become a simple matter of manipulating diagonal matrices. We address the following problems in this work: spins in the magnetic field, open-chain 1D Ising model, closed-chain 1D Ising model and the 1D Ising model in an external magnetic field. We believe that this representation will help provide students and experts with a simple yet powerful technique to carry out calculations in this model.
A laboratory course on detector readout for undergraduate students of experimental physics
Authors: Carniti Paolo , Gotti Claudio , Pessina Gianluigi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The laboratory course program presented in this paper (96 h in total) aims to give undergraduate students of experimental physics the necessary knowledge to build and manage a complete experimental setup for the readout of a particle detector. Students learn to understand and operate silicon photosensors (SiPMs) in single photon regime; to amplify and shape their analogue signals with feedbacked operational amplifiers; to digitise and trigger them with a microcontroller; and to transmit waveforms via UART on a PC running MATLAB, where they can build typical ‘comb-like’ SiPM spectra that allow to discern single photoelectrons.
Inverse design of ultra-compact photonic gates for all-optical logic operations
Authors: Neşeli Berkay , Yilmaz Yusuf Abdulaziz , Kurt Hamza , Turduev Mirbek 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Logic gates have great importance in realization of rapid data transmission as well as low loss transfers. In this paper, a multi-objective inverse-design approach is implemented by using objective-first algorithm to design optical AND, OR, NAND and NOT logic gates on Si-platform at the design wavelength of 1.30 μm. For all gates, the design area is fixed to 2.24 μm × 2.24 μm. The optical logic ‘1’ output is accepted to be optical power values greater than 0.8 times of the input optical power. By implementing a Bias waveguide as well as two input ports, we made it possible to achieve logic ‘1’ output for logic operations having no inputs such as ‘0 NAND 0 = 1’ and ‘0 NOT = 1’. We binarized the proposed logic gates, and then numerically analyzed them by using finite-difference time-domain method. Proposed AND gate yields 1.20 times of input power for ‘1 AND 1 = 1’ logic operation and highest logic ‘0’ is obtained for logic operation of ‘1 AND 0 = 0’ as 0.40 times of the input power at the operating wavelength. It is also observed that proposed logic gates can operate not only at the design wavelength of 1.30 μm but also at broad wavelength regions as well. Finally, we demonstrate that it is possible to carry out complex logic operations by combining the proposed logic AND, OR and NAND gates to construct an XOR gate in the same platform.
A dual-band reconfigurable intelligent metasurface with beam steering
Authors: Lin Hai , Yu Wen , Tang Rongxin , Jin Jing , Wang Yumei , Xiong Jie , Wu Yanjie , Zhao Junming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In recent years, reconfigurable metasurfaces have become research hotspots since they can manipulate electromagnetic waves dynamically and flexibly. The realisation of cost-effective and energy-efficient wireless communications via reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) is attractive in various application scenerios. In this work, a

+

45

∘

-polarized dual-band reconfigurable metasurface with beam steering ability is proposed to combat signal attenuation in wireless communications. By varying the bias voltages of the integrated varactors in the specially designed meta-atom, 0 and π phase responses have been excited around both 2.4 and 5.8 GHz. Taking advantage of this unique feature, we proposed a one-bit coding RIS device which provides dual-band application. To validate the proposed concepts, a reconfigurable metasurface composed of 16 × 16 elements was fabricated and measured. The measurement results agree well with the simulation, so the proposed prototype is a promising candidate for future intelligent communications.
The distance between the two BBM leaders
Authors: Berestycki Julien , Brunet Éric , Graham Cole , Mytnik Leonid , Roquejoffre Jean-Michel , Ryzhik Lenya 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study the distance between the two rightmost particles in branching Brownian motion. Derrida and the second author have shown that the long-time limit d
12 of this random variable can be expressed in terms of PDEs related to the Fisher–KPP equation. We use such a representation to determine the sharp asymptotics of

P

(

d

12

>
a

)

as a → +∞. These tail asymptotics were previously known to ‘exponential order;’ we discover an algebraic correction to this behavior.
Inverse variational principles for control systems
Authors: Wang Tao , Huang Yu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Inspired by Katok’s idea in defining measure-theoretic entropy, we introduce several measure-theoretic invariance entropies in control systems via spanning sets. Properties of them are investigated. Especially, we show that the measure-theoretic invariance entropies of a given set can be characterized by its relatively invariant subsets. More importantly, we obtain two inverse variational principles connecting measure-theoretic invariance entropy and topological invariance entropy, which help us to establish two formulae for the measure-theoretic invariance entropies of control sets for linear control systems, including linear continuous-time and discrete-time systems.