bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relations between soil organic carbon content and the pore size distribution for an arable topsoil with large variations in soil properties
Authors: Fukumasu Jumpei , Jarvis Nick , Koestel John , Kätterer Thomas , Larsbo Mats 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) in arable topsoil is known to have beneficial effects on soil physical properties that are important for soil fertility. The effects of SOC content on soil aggregate stability have been well documented; however, few studies have investigated its relationship with the soil pore structure, which has a strong influence on water dynamics and biogeochemical cycling. In the present study, we examined the relationships between SOC and clay contents and pore size distributions (PSDs) across an arable field with large spatial variations in topsoil SOC and clay contents by combining X‐ray tomography and measurements of soil water retention. Additionally, we investigated the relationships between fractionated SOC, reactive Fe and Al oxide contents and soil pore structure. We found that porosities in the 0.2–720 μm diameter class were positively correlated with SOC content. A unit increase of SOC content was associated with a relatively large increase in porosity in the 0.2–5 and 480–720 μm diameter classes, which indicates that enhanced SOC content would increase plant available water content and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. On the other hand, macroporosities (1200–3120 μm diameter classes) and bioporosity were positively correlated with clay content but not with SOC content. Due to strong correlations between soil texture, carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratios and reactive iron contents, we could not separate the relative importance of these soil properties for PSDs. Reactive aluminium and particulate organic carbon contents were poorer predictors for PSDs compared with clay and SOC contents. This study provides new insights on the relations between SOC and soil pore structure in an arable soil and may lead to improved estimations of the effects of enhanced SOC sequestration on soil water dynamics and soil water supply to crops.Highlights
Relations between soil organic carbon (SOC) and pore size distribution (PSD) in an arable soil were explored.
We used X‐ray tomography and soil water retention to quantify a wide range of PSD.
There were positive correlations between SOC and porosities in 0.2–720 μm diameter classes.
Porosities in 0.2–5 and 480–720 μm diameter classes were more strongly correlated with SOC than clay.
Our results have implications for improved estimates of effects of SOC sequestration on soil water dynamics.
Italian same‐sex parenting in times of COVID‐19: Constructing parenthood on insecure grounds
Authors: Monaco Salvatore 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis article focuses on the challenges same‐sex‐parent families in Italy have faced in the context of the COVID‐19 crisis.BackgroundIt is universally acknowledged that Italy was the first victim of the novel coronavirus in Europe. Due to the hazards caused by the pandemic, the Italian government implemented a series of countermeasures to help families, resolving the increasingly irreconcilable conflicts between work and childcare, providing financing to the most poverty‐stricken families. However, some initiatives have made it clear that in Italy, not all people have received equal benefits.MethodTo further investigate and bring awareness to the issue of the vulnerability of Italian same‐sex‐parent families in times of COVID‐19, 40 in‐depth interviews were conducted online between March and June 2020 to collect data on attitudes, opinions, and behaviors at the individual level.ResultsItalian homosexual fathers and mothers, due to a still uncertain regulatory framework, have been invisible in the face of a bureaucracy remaining deeply rooted in a rigid and obsolete vision of the social reality.ConclusionItaly should take into account a possible redefinition of family both at the political and institutional levels. The concept of family is expected to be broader and closer to social reality, encompassing all the possible patterns of family that constitute a real supportive network for all people, in full respect of people's equal dignity and self‐determination.ImplicationsA redefinition of what it means to be a family is necessary not only in the acquisition of citizenship and welfare rights of homosexual people, but above all for the protection of the rights and interests of children who grow up in same‐sex‐parented families.
Conflicting interests and growing importance of non‐indigenous species in commercial and recreational fisheries of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Kleitou Periklis , Moutopoulos Dimitrios K. , Giovos Ioannis , Kletou Demetris , Savva Ioannis , Cai Leda L. , Hall‐Spencer Jason M. , Charitou Anastasia , Elia Maria , Katselis George , Rees Siân 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNon‐indigenous species (NIS) are spreading and reshaping Mediterranean Sea biological communities and fishery resources. The present study used fisheries data and structured interviews to assess the impacts of NIS on recreational and commercial fishers in Cyprus. NIS that have been present in Cyprus for more than two decades were mostly perceived by local fishers as native, NIS with high market value were considered to be beneficial, and venomous or poisonous NIS were considered to be deleterious. Pufferfishes (Tetraodontidae) were identified by fishers as causing significant economic damage, which undermines the sustainability of the commercial fishing sector. The most popular and highly priced NIS were rabbitfishes (Siganus spp.). In terms of commercial landings, six non‐indigenous taxa contributed over a quarter of the total landing value and more than half during the summer season. The results of the present study emphasised the multifaceted interactions of NIS with the fishing sector, and how policy objectives may not align with social and commercial fishery interests.
Climate legacies determine grassland responses to future rainfall regimes
Authors: Broderick Caitlin M. , Wilkins Kate , Smith Melinda D. , Blair John M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractClimate variability and periodic droughts have complex effects on carbon (C) fluxes, with uncertain implications for ecosystem C balance under a changing climate. Responses to climate change can be modulated by persistent effects of climate history on plant communities, soil microbial activity, and nutrient cycling (i.e., legacies). To assess how legacies of past precipitation regimes influence tallgrass prairie C cycling under new precipitation regimes, we modified a long‐term irrigation experiment that simulated a wetter climate for >25 years. We reversed irrigated and control (ambient precipitation) treatments in some plots and imposed an experimental drought in plots with a history of irrigation or ambient precipitation to assess how climate legacies affect aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), soil respiration, and selected soil C pools. Legacy effects of elevated precipitation (irrigation) included higher C fluxes and altered labile soil C pools, and in some cases altered sensitivity to new climate treatments. Indeed, decades of irrigation reduced the sensitivity of both ANPP and soil respiration to drought compared with controls. Positive legacy effects of irrigation on ANPP persisted for at least 3 years following treatment reversal, were apparent in both wet and dry years, and were associated with altered plant functional composition. In contrast, legacy effects on soil respiration were comparatively short‐lived and did not manifest under natural or experimentally‐imposed “wet years,” suggesting that legacy effects on CO2efflux are contingent on current conditions. Although total soil C remained similar across treatments, long‐term irrigation increased labile soil C and the sensitivity of microbial biomass C to drought. Importantly, the magnitude of legacy effects for all response variables varied with topography, suggesting that landscape can modulate the strength and direction of climate legacies. Our results demonstrate the role of climate history as an important determinant of terrestrial C cycling responses to future climate changes.
Comparison of the injection of low‐molecular weight heparin in the arterial vs. venous blood line for preventing extracorporeal circuit clotting during hemodialysis
Authors: Belmouaz Mohamed , Goussard Guillaume , Joly Florent , Grand Francois , Sibille Audrey , Ecotiere Laure , Desport Estelle , Bauwens Marc , Thierry Antoine , Bridoux Frank 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLow‐molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are widely used for preventing clotting during hemodialysis (HD). Although injection in the venous blood line is recommended to avoid initial loss of LMWH through the dialyzer, LMWH is still frequently administered in the arterial blood line at the start of dialysis. This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of the same enoxaparin dose administered through the venous blood line or arterial blood line. We also evaluated antifactor Xa (aXa) activity according to the injection route and dialysis modalities: high‐flux (HF) HD, medium cut‐off (MCO) HD, and online hemodiafiltration (OL‐HDF). Forty‐three patients were studied over 18 consecutive dialysis sessions using a fixed enoxaparin dose (20 or 40 mg), first administered through the arterial blood line bolus and then through the venous blood line for another 18 sessions. Compared to arterial blood line administration, venous blood line bolus resulted in a significant increase in median post‐dialysis aXa activity: 0.16 (0.1–0.6) IU/ml versus 0.31 (0.1–1.3) IU/ml, respectively, p = 0.006. After arterial blood line bolus of 40 mg enoxaparin, median post‐dialysis aXa activity was significantly lower with OL‐HDF compared to HF‐HD: 0.14 (0.1–0.35) versus 0.32 (0.15–0.49), p = 0.02. A trend for lower clotting within lines and bubble trap using venous blood line bolus was observed. In conclusion, venous blood line enoxaparin injection is safe in OL‐HDF patients. However, in HF‐HD and MCO‐HD, venous blood line injection of 40 mg enoxaparin may increase overdosing risk. Thus, aXa activity should be monitored in HF‐HD and MCO‐HD patients at risk of bleeding and/or on vitamin K antagonists and careful surveillance is required when administering a 40 mg enoxaparin dose through the venous blood line route.
Virtual reality assessments (VRAs): Exploring the reliability and validity of evaluations in VR
Authors: Sanchez Diana R. , Weiner Erik , Van Zelderen Anand 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) is a potential assessment format for constructs dependent on certain perceptual characteristics (e.g., realistic environment and immersive experience). The purpose of this series of studies was to explore methods of evaluating reliability and validity evidence for virtual reality assessments (VRAs) when compared with traditional assessments. We intended to provide the basis of a framework on how to evaluate VR assessments given that there are important fundamental differences to VR assessments compared with traditional assessment formats. Two commercial off‐the‐shelf (COTS) games (i.e., Project M and Richie's Plank Experience) were used in Studies 1 and 2, while a game‐based assessment (GBA; Balloon Pop, designed for assessment) was used in Study 3. Studies 1 and 2 provided limited evidence for the reliability and validity of the VRAs. However, no meaningful constructs were measured by the VRA in Study 3. Findings demonstrate limited evidence for these VRAs as viable assessment options through the validity and reliability methods utilized in the present studies, which in turn emphasize the importance of aligning the assessment purpose to the unique advantages of a VR environment.
Current practice, education and recommendations for training of central line insertion for trainees and fellows in adult intensive care units across Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Parikh Tapan , Al‐Bassam Wisam , Shehabi Yahya , Pakavakis Adrian , Subramaniam Ashwin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCentral venous access device (CVAD) is a common procedure in ICU which, although generally safe, can lead to acute and delayed complications. Training and accreditation process for its insertion vary worldwide.AimsThe objective of this study was to explore variability in existing training and accreditation processes for central venous access device (CVAD) insertion among different intensive care units (ICU), current practices of CVAD insertion among fellows of the College of Intensive Care Medicine (CICM) working in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) and their recommendations for improvement.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional web‐based survey was sent through email and CICM e‐newsletter to intensivists and directors of ICU across ANZ. All responses were tabulated, post‐hoc exploratory analysis using multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used and free texts were analysed thematically and summarised.ResultsA total of 115 responses was received from various public and private ICU from all states of ANZ; 32% of the participants did not have any accreditation process for CVAD insertion skill in their ICU, whereas 91% of respondents revealed there were no processes to assess deskilling. Most intensivists recommended supervision, simulation, various education tools and ultrasound training to improve training and assessment. Thirty‐five percent of the participants inserted 0–5 CVAD and more than half of the intensivists had inserted <10 CVAD in a 1‐year period. Two‐thirds of the respondents recommended inserting between 6 and 20 CVAD each year to maintain competence.ConclusionThe study identified wide variability in current practice, training methods and accreditation process for CVAD insertion among intensivists and ICU trainees in ANZ. Policy makers should consider revising the current clinical practice and training policies to new policies for accreditation and ongoing assessment for CVAD insertions across ANZ ICU.
Estimating the burden of influenza‐related and associated hospitalizations and deaths in France: An eight‐season data study, 2010–2018
Authors: Lemaitre Magali , Fouad Fayssoil , Carrat Fabrice , Crépey Pascal , Gaillat Jacques , Gavazzi Gaëtan , Launay Odile , Mosnier Anne , Levant Marie‐Cécile , Uhart Mathieu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn France, each year, influenza viruses are responsible for seasonal epidemics leading to 2–6 million cases. Influenza can cause severe disease that may lead to hospitalization or death. As severe disease may be due to the virus itself or to disease complications, estimating the burden of severe influenza is complex. The present study aimed at estimating the epidemiological and economic burden of severe influenza in France during eight consecutive influenza seasons (2010–2018).MethodsInfluenza‐related hospitalization and mortality data and patient characteristics were taken from the French hospital information database, PMSI. An ecological approach using cyclic regression models integrating the incidence of influenza syndrome from the Sentinelles network supplemented the PMSI data analysis in estimating excess hospitalization and mortality (CépiDc—2010–2015) and medical costs.ResultsEach season, the average number of influenza‐related hospitalizations was 18,979 (range: 8627–44,024), with an average length of stay of 8 days. The average number of respiratory hospitalizations indirectly related with influenza (i.e., influenza associated) was 31,490 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24,542–39,012), with an average cost of €141 million (range: 54–217); 70% of these hospitalizations and 77% of their costs concerned individuals ≥65 years of age (65+). More than 90% of excess mortality was in 65+ subjects.ConclusionsThe combination of two complementary approaches allowed estimation of both influenza‐related and associated hospitalizations and deaths and their burden in France, showing the substantial impact of complications. The present study highlighted the major public health burden of influenza and its severe complications, especially in 65+ subjects.
A mixed‐integer linear programming model and a metaheuristic approach for the selection and allocation of land parcels problem
Authors: Gil Alejandro Fernández , Sánchez Mariam Gómez , Castro Carlos , Pérez‐Alonso Alain 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article is about the current agricultural scenario, where large‐scale production causes large amounts of food to be transported to various points of consumption, causing substantial emissions of so‐called greenhouse gases and increasing the carbon footprint. Land use optimization and land parcel allocation are essential areas of agriculture research that currently represent relevant challenges and are classified as combinatorial optimization problems. In this context, the Selection and Allocation of Land Parcels Problem (SA‐LPP) is proposed; its goal is to optimize the selection and allocation of land parcels with rectangular shapes in small areas available for food production. We propose a reformulation of the SA‐LPP as a variant of the two‐dimensional orthogonal packing problem (2OPP), called Group‐2OPP. This problem was solved through a Mixed‐Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model, but due to the model complexity, we also propose a Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure metaheuristic approach. Some sensitivity analyses were performed as well to evaluate the impact of parameters on the solutions. Computational results show that the proposed metaheuristic outperforms the MILP model in terms of solution quality and computational times.
Nurses' and midwives' experiences and views about responding to out of work emergencies: A constructivist grounded theory study
Authors: Crouchman Carolyn , Griffiths Lauren , Harris Ruth , Henderson Keiran 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimTo explore nurses' and midwives' experiences, views, perceptions and impact on their responses to out of work emergencies where first aid may be required.DesignA constructivist grounded theory study was conducted between 2012 and 2019.MethodologyIn‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 16 nurses and midwives. Participants were recruited via a participant referral process with registered nurses and midwives being accessed from three NHS organizations. Data were analysed and coded using constant comparative analysis with the support of Nvivo 10 software leading to the construction of a substantive grounded theory.ResultsA core enduring in vivo theme, ‘The Right Thing to Do’, emerged as a central conceptual reality constructed via three key in vivo themes; ‘Something I've Heard’, ‘Am I Covered?’ and ‘Just Who I Am’, each with several sub‐themes. A pervading anxiety about responding at off‐duty situations requiring first aid was persistently evident across these themes.ConclusionThe study showed a strong sense of moral agency among nurses and midwives, despite a powerful underlying feeling of anxiety surrounding broader issues of urban myth, protection and personal and professional identity. The substantive theory emerged as ‘doing "The Right Thing" in a climate of anxiety’.ImpactThe study illuminates an area that has previously been the subject of anecdotal debate. The substantive theory, ‘doing "The Right Thing" in a climate of anxiety’ illustrates the issues and tensions that exist surrounding the off‐duty response. Implications and recommendations for practice and education focus on the fostering of knowledge and understanding of professional identity, position in law and scope of practice, together with potential future research directions. This work provides the first in‐depth qualitative study contributing a significant new perspective both nationally and globally.
The combination of sucrose dilaurate and sucrose laurate suppresses HMGB1: an enhancer of melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transfer to keratinocytes
Authors: Wang J. , Jarrold B. , Zhao W. , Deng G. , Moulton L. , Laughlin T. , Hakozaki T. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHyperpigmented spots are common issues in all ethnicities, involving multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as UVB exposure, hormone balance, inflammatory status and ageing.ObjectivesTo determine (i) melanocyte dendricity in multiple facial spot types, (ii) impact of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), and the combination of sucrose dilaurate and sucrose laurate (SDL) on melanogenesis and melanocyte dendricity, and (iii) SDL effect on facial spots in a human use test.MethodsFacial spot and adjacent non‐spot skin biopsies were collected from Chinese women (age 20‐70). Histological assessment of melanocyte dendricity was performed for 3 spot types (solar lentigo, melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation) by immunofluorescent staining for c‐kit/MITF. Keratinocyte, melanocyte and melanocyte–keratinocyte co‐culture models were used to assess HMGB1 release by UVB radiation, the effects of HMGB1 and SDL on melanin production, melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transfer. The effect of an SDL‐containing moisturizer on appearance of facial hyperpigmented spots was assessed against a vehicle control in an 8‐week human use test.ResultsMelanocytes in spot areas are more dendritic than melanocytes in adjacent non‐spot skin across three investigated spot types. In cell culture models, a moderate UVB‐radiation exposure caused release of HMGB1 from keratinocytes. HMGB1 did not alter melanin production in melanocytes, but enhanced melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transfer. SDL reduced HMGB1 release from keratinocytes, inhibited melanin production, reversibly suppressed melanocyte dendricity and reduced melanosome transfer. In the human use test, SDL‐containing moisturizer reduced appearance of spots versus vehicle.ConclusionIncreased melanocyte dendricity was observed in multiple types of facial spots. Addition of HMGB1 protein increased melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transfer in cell cultures, implicating potential involvement in spot formation. SDL suppressed melanin production, melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transfer in vitro and reduced appearance of spots in the use test, suggesting SDL is an effective solution to address hyperpigmented spot concerns.
Microbial dysbiosis in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis mimics shifts in human microbiome and correlates with the key pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐4, IL‐33 and TSLP
Authors: Amar Y. , Schneider E. , Köberle M. , Seeholzer T. , Musiol S. , Hölge I.M. , Gschwendtner S. , Krappmann D. , Steiger K. , Biedermann T. , Schmidt‐Weber C.B. , Alessandrini F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous bacterial dysbiosis is a characteristic hallmark of atopic dermatitis (AD), and it decisively influences the severity of the disease. Despite this, frequently used murine models of AD have not been characterized regarding the changes in skin microbiome communities.ObjectiveTo analyse the skin microbiome of two frequently used murine models for AD for assessing their applicability in translational research.MethodsAD was induced in mice by topical application of calcipotriol or oxazolone. Following comparable elicitation of AD‐like dermatitis, including IgE induction, the skin microbial communities were analysed and compared with human AD.ResultsWe detected critical differences in the microbiota composition of diseased skin. In contrast to calcipotriol treatment, application of oxazolone induced significant changes in the cutaneous microbiota and a drastic drop of bacterial richness. Furthermore, an expansion of Staphylococci, particularly S. xylosus, was observed in the oxazolone group, also displaying positive correlations with AD key markers including pH, TEWL, IL‐4, TSLP and IL‐33.ConclusionsIn this article, we show that (a) the model of choice to investigate AD needs to be characterized for the cutaneous microbiota if applicable and (b) the oxazolone‐mediated mixed Th1‐Th2 immune response triggers microbiota‐induced alterations which share similarities to dysbiosis in human AD and represents therefore a suitable model for translational research on AD if alterations of the microbiome are in the focus of the investigation.