bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Research in Namibia: A scoping Review of Literature
Authors: Chipare Mwakanyadzeni Abigail , Mupazvihwo Tracy , Tapera Roy , January James 
Published: November 2022

Background: Mental disorders contribute significantly to the global burden of diseases affecting about 30% of the population. In Namibia,there has been very little research on mental health to inform policy and interventions.
Aim: This review sought to explore the extent to which mental health disorders have been researched in the southern African country.
Methods: A scoping review of studies conducted in pre- and post-independent Namibia was carried out. Electronic databases of published articles weresearched using the terms such as: “mental illness”, “psychological disorders”, “Namibia”, and “South West Africa”.
Results: The searches produced 11 900 hits and 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results indicated that there have been relatively few publications onmental health. Studies focused mainly on depression as compared to other mental illnesses.
Conclusion: There is still need to invest more in research on mental health in Namibia in order to craft appropriate evidence based interventions to improve mental well-being of the population.
Management of Severe Pre-eclampsia within 24hours Postpartum at a Tertiary Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia: A clinical Audit
Authors: Kaunda Kasakula , Kabwe Jane , Phiri Christabel , Lubeya Mwansa Ketty 
Published: November 2022

The worldwide incidence of pre-eclampsia ranges between 2% and 5%. Due to its complications, preeclampsia remains a significant public health threat,especially in developing countries. The quality of care given to postpartum women with severe preeclampsia has implications on disease progression.We audited the immediate postpartum care given to women with severe pre-eclampsia at the Women and Newborn Hospital-University Teaching Hospitals, atertiary level hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. We retrospectively reviewed 170 patient's medical records for the period of January 2020 to July 2020 and audited their management based on the local standard guidelines for the management of severe pre-eclampsia.
The total number of patients seen during the study period was 1,317. Of these, the total number with SPE was 170, giving a period prevalence of 12%. Allpatients were admitted to the Special observation unit, now Obstetrics intensive care unit (OICU). 12 SPE patient files had incomplete data; hence their information was not included in the analysis to maintain data quality. All 158 patients received antihypertensive drugs, MgSO₄, with only 35% having laboratory results available.We found that more than 85% of women received adequate care according to standard guidelines on most parameters, including magnesium sulphate administration; however, the laboratory tests were below standard as only 36% of these women had adequate investigations. These findings arepromising, indicating that high quality care is achievable in a low resource setting through clinical audits and completing the audit cycles with a focus on correcting identified gaps.
Management of a Patient with Foreign Body Ingestion at Ndola Teaching Hospital, Zambia
Authors: Kazuma Seke Manase Ephraim , Kaela Boniface , Luando Simunyama , Mundia Kamwi , Kaoma Donald , Mukendi Lumbala , Fisongo Khombolakhe , Chirengendure Bright 
Published: November 2022

Foreign body (FB) ingestion refers to intentional swallowing of indigestible, non-nutritious solid substances. It is more common in children and psychiatry adult patients. Adult psychiatry patients have the highest incidence of recurrent ingestion of multiple FB that results from poor impulse control by care-givers and as a response to stress. Foreign bodies longer than 6cm, wider than 2.5cm and sharp edged are unlikely to pass without getting imparted or causing perforation. These warrant removal by endoscopy where available or laparotomy. We report on the management of a case of intentional swallowing of multiple FBs by a known psychiatric patient at Ndola Teaching Hospital, in Ndola, Zambia.
Clinical and Gynaecological Determinants of Menopause Symptom Severity in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Olarinoye John Kola , Olarinoye Adebunmi Oyeladun , Olagbaye Babakayode Abel 
Published: November 2022

Background
A number of factors are known to predict how menopause symptoms are perceived by women in different cultures. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between the gynaecological and medical histories of middle belt Nigerian women and the severity of their menopausal symptoms.
Method
Women with natural menopause between age 40 and 60 years were randomly evaluated for menopause symptoms using Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) questionnaire. The total MRS scores were correlated with certain medical and gynaecological parameters using Pearson’s Bivariate Correlate while logistic regression analysis was used to isolate independent factors.
Result
Three hundred and eighty-five women responded for the study. Their mean age was 51.3±0.3 years. The mean MRS score was 14.02±0.44 and 40% of the women studied had severe symptoms on the rating scale while others were mild. Age, menstrual cycle length, age at first delivery, diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure were significantly correlated with the total MRS score but only the age showed an independent impact on regression analysis. History of breast problem, presence of diabetes and history of contraceptive use were also positively associated with menopause severity.
Conclusion
The medical and gynaecological histories of women play a significant role in determining how they perceive menopausal symptoms and cannot be ignored in their evaluation.
Can medicine be taught online? Cavendish University's transition from contact classes to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kaluba Longa , Malambo Mordecai , Mutati Christine , Chabinga Pauline , Simuyemba Moses , Chilengwe Welani , Kafwamfwa Muhumpu 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed dramatic changes on teaching and learning worldwide. Many universities transitioned from contact classes to utilizing fully electronic online modes. This study aims to evaluate Cavendish University School of Medicine students' online learning experience during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: This was an exploratory cross-sectional study that used simple random sampling to select participants at Cavendish University Zambia. An online questionnaire was distributed to the selected students at the time of the conclusion of the semester. The survey was voluntary, and all data were collected and recorded via google forms with maintaining anonymity.
Results: A total of 385 participants took part in the survey. Most of the participants were female124 (50.4%) and studying MBChB 171 (44.7%). The study found that there was a significant difference in the level ofunderstanding(p value=0.01), the ability to explain online classes (p value=0.04), and internet reliability (p value=0.04) across and within programs. Most students were affected by load­ shedding but the observed difference in median scores was not significant (p value=0.07).
Conclusion: Teaching online presented an opportunity to complete the semesters' curriculum during the coronavirus pandemic. With obstacles like electricity load shedding and unstable internet reliability, students reported high rates of motivation, confidence in the materials taught, and exam preparedness.
Iron Deficiency in Chronic Heart Failure Patients at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Lungu Sandra Nzaliwe 
Published: November 2022

Background: Iron plays a key role in oxygen uptake, transport, and storage, as well as oxidative metabolism in the muscle including myocardium and is essential for the formation of haemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, cytochrome oxidase, peroxidase, and catalase. Iron deficiency (ID) often develop in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients due to depletion of iron stores, iron malabsorption and/or reduced availability of iron recycled in the reticuloendothelial system. Indeed iron content and transferrin receptor levels have been reported to be decreased in the myocardium of patients with ID. A cardinal manifestation of heart failure (both heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. HFrEF and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFpEF) is impaired exercise capacity that is exaggerated in iron deficient patients. This easy fatigability is said to be a result of the reduced oxygen transport that is associated with the ID. ID leads to mitochondria and sarcomere dysfunction which reduces left ventricular functioning and hence reducing cardiac output. Reduced peak oxygen uptake has also been reported in patients withHFrEF.
Objective: To determine iron status of CHF patients at University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Lusaka.
Methods: The study was conducted at UTH from May to August 2019. Using purposive sampling, data was collected from patients with CHF of New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II to IV. Information obtained included sex, age, height, weight and ejection fraction (reduced ifless than 45%). From the blood samples collected, serum iron levels, transferrin levels and ferritin concentration tests were done. The chi square test and logistic regression were used to analyze iron status in CHF patients.
Results: Forty (40) patients were enrolled, 18 male and 22 female. The average age was 45.5 (19 to 60). 24 patients (60%) had (HFrEF) and 16 patients (40%) had (HFpEF). 22 patients (55%) had transferrin saturation of less than 20%, while 8 (20%) had ferritin concentration of less than l00ng/ml. Based on both factors, a total of22(55%) patients were iron deficient. Iron deficiency was negatively associated withHFrEF (p = 0.015).
Conclusion: More than 55% of the participants in this study were iron deficient. However, ID may not be the primary cause of myocardial dysfunction as patients with HFrEF were less likely to be iron deficient. However, correction of ID in CHF patients in other studies has been reported to have clinical benefits. The observations of this study require further triangulation especially that the sample size was rather small.
Non-suicidal and Suicidal Self-harm at a Psychiatric Centre: A review of cases
Authors: Oluwole Lateef Olutoyin , Obadeji Adetunji , Dada Mobolaji Usman 
Published: November 2022

Background
Previous self-harm has been reported as an important risk factor for future attempts and death by suicide, therefore understanding the psychosocial characteristics of people with a history of self-harm may help in developing models for reduction of suicide. The objective of this study was to present the psychosocial characteristics of patients who presented with self-harm and recorded them in our suicidality register.
Method
This is a review of the suicidality register of patients who presented with deliberate self-harm and were referred and reviewed by the psychiatric unit at the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKUSTH). Data were retrieved from the register and enter in SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics such as mean with standard deviation and frequency were done to describe the characteristics of interest.
Results
Of the 33 cases reviewed, the majority were females 51.6%, aged 29years and below, single (67.7%), unemployed 17 (51.5%), and had depression as the primary psychiatry diagnosis (54.5%). Although multiple reasons were given for self-harm, the desire to die was the commonest (54.5%) while ingestion of poisons was the commonest (75.8%) method adopted.
Conclusion
Previous self-harm is an important risk factor for future attempts and death by suicide, understanding the psychosocial characteristics of people with a history of self-harm may help in developing frameworks for a surveillance system for self-harm and attempted suicides.
Opinions of Zambian Radiographers on Extending their Role in Interpretation and Reporting on General Radiographic Images: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Bwanga Osward , Chanda Enerst , Kafwimbi Stefan , Sichone James Maimbo 
Published: November 2022

Background: There is a critical shortage of radiologists in Zambia to report on all imaging examinations. Radiologists have concentrated on specialised imaging examinations, thereby leaving the interpretation of general radiography examinations to the referring medical practitioners, whose competence in image interpretation is not at the same level as radiologists. This can lead to misdiagnosis and mismanagement of patients.
Objective: This study aimed at determining the opinions of Zambian radiographers on extending their role in the interpretation and reporting of general radiographic images.
Methodology: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey approach. Data were collected using an online questionnaire. Radiographers with a minimum of two years’ work experience were invited to participate in the study. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data.
Results: A total of 81 participants responded to the survey. A major finding showed that most radiographers (N=78, 95%) had a positive attitude towards image reporting because it improves the delivery of imaging services. Most of the radiographers were also willing to be trained at a postgraduate level (93%, N=76), and indicated the need to extend the scope of practice to include image reporting (N=78, 95%). The main challenges identified were inadequate advocacy and possible resistance from medical professions.
Conclusion: Radiographers are prepared to venture into image reporting. It is anticipated that this role extension can supplement radiologists in providing diagnostic reports and ensure that all patients have access to this service.
Molluscum Contagiosum - A Therapeutic Challenge
Authors: Malumani Malan 
Published: November 2022

The emergence of the Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put a massive strain on the already limping healthcare system in most developing or Lower Middle-Income countries.
Other infectious agents like Molluscum Contagiosum (MC) still ravage our communities. We discuss some challenges and old important pearls of its management.
Correlation between intravesical prostatic protrusion and maximum flow rate among Nigerian men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Agbo Christian A , Ramyil Venyir M , Dakum Nuhu K , Shuaibu Samaila I , Akpayak Idorenyin C , Ofoha Chima G 
Published: November 2022

Objective: To determine the correlation between intravesical prostatic protrusion and maximum flow rate in benign prostatic hyperplasia among Nigerian men.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study that included patients who presented to the Urology clinic of Jos University Teaching Hospital with clinical features of BPE. Each had IPSS, Qmax and IPP measured in addition to clinical evaluation. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS(R) version 20 (SPSS, IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). Appropriate test statistics were used with p-value < 0.05 considered as significant.
Results: Eighty-seven patients aged 40 - 86 years were enrolled in the study period. The means of age, IPSS, Qmax, IPP and PV - were 64.6±10.2 years, 16.7±7.6, 8.2± 3.8 ml/s, 12.9±7.0 mm and 70.1±50.3 mis respectively. IPP correlated negatively with Qmax (r=-0.519, p=0.000).
Conclusion: Intravesical prostatic protrusion measurement is non-invasive, easily accessible, reproducible and more cost effective. It showed a significant correlation with Qmax. Therefore, it is a valuable parameter - for evaluation of patients with BPH.
Assessment of extended – spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) gene among gram-negative bacilli bacteria causing community acquired urinary tract infection among females in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ajani Tinuade Adesola , Elikwu Charles John , Ajani Mustapha Akanji , Anaedobe Chinenye Gloria , Oluwasola Timothy A. Olusesan 
Published: November 2022

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) is commoner in females and mainly caused by Gram Negative bacilli. The emergence of Extended – spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) has made its treatment difficult especially in the community because of limited therapeutic options. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing Gram negative bacilli causing UTI among females in Babcock University Community; evaluate the associated risk factors and to determine the prevalence of the associated genes among the ESBL isolates.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of which 200 female participants with clinical UTI were recruited in Babcock University Community. Pretested interviewer–based structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic and risk factors. Mid-stream urine was also collected for evaluation of ESBL- producing Gram-negative bacilli. DNA extraction was done for ESBL positive isolates and SHV, TEM, CTX-M and OXA ESBL genes were detected by PCR. SPSS Version 23.0 was used for data analysis.
Results: The 200-urine samples tested from the participants yielded 33-Gram negative bacilli isolates. Out of these 33 isolates, 17/33(51.5%) were ESBL-producers giving prevalence rate of 8.5% among the participants. The distribution of the ESBL genes among the ESBL isolates was as follows: SHV 12/17(70.6%), TEM 4/17(23.5%), CTX-M 3/17(17.6%) and OXA 5/17(29.4%). No associated risk factors were found.
Conclusion: All the four types of ESBL genes evaluated were present among the participants. Routine screening for ESBL for Community acquired UTI is necessary to curb treatment failure.
Comparison of the Rowland University Dementia Assessment Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination cognitive screening tools among older people in Nigeria
Authors: Adebusoye Lawrence Adekunle , Arinola Ganiyu , Amaefula George , Hunter Sharyn , Merl Helga , Pitt Victoria 
Published: November 2022

Introduction and objectives: Dementia is progressive neuro-degeneration characterized by ongoing deterioration in cognition and capacity for independent living. Empirical evidence is lacking on the best screening tool because of the cultural and linguistic diversities of Nigerians. This study screened for dementia and described the differences between the Rowland University Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tools among older people at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional hospital-based descriptive study of 96 older people ≥60years at UCH, Ibadan. Dementia was assessed with the RUDAS and MMSE tools. Socio-demographic characteristics and memory issues were also assessed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done and the level of significance was set at 5%.
Results: The mean age was 70.5±7.4 years and 57(59.4%) were female respondents. The overall mean score on RUDAS was 22.8±4.0 points and MMSE was 24.2±4.8 points. Point prevalence of dementia on RUDAS and MMSE were 6.2% and 4.2% respectively. Using MMSE as the standard, the AUROC for the RUDAS was 85.9% (95% CI:60.4-99.8), and its sensitivity and specificity were75.0% and 96.7% respectively. Both RUDAS and MMSE were associated with age and residence. MMSE, but not the RUDAS, scores were influenced by total years of education (p<0.001).
Conclusion: RUDAS was as accurate as MMSE for the screening of dementia in our setting. Contrary to the MMSE, RUDAS was not influenced by the years of education for dementia. Our finding supports the use of RUDAS as an effective alternative test to MMSE for dementia screening in older Nigerians.
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Amonginfertile Women At The University College Hospital, Ibadan
Authors: Lawal Olatunji , Obajimi Gbolahan Oladele , Bello Oluwasomidoyin 
Published: November 2022

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis infection is reported as the commonest cause of tubal and pelvic infection and by proxy, the commonest cause of tubal damage and female infertility. Serotypes D-K are known to cause sexually transmitted genital tract and neonatal infection. Testing for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis has been revolutionized by the development of monoclonal antibodies. This study sought to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among infertile women at the University College Hospital Ibadan and to determine the diagnostic value of Chlamydia antibody testing.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted among two hundred and seventy-three women with infertility attending the gynaecology clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) was performed on all patients as part of their routine evaluation for infertility. Venous blood was obtained to detect Chlamydia Ig G antibodies using the diagnostic bio-probe (DIA.PROBE) enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELIZA) for the quantitative determination of IgG antibodies specific to chlamydia trachomatis.
Results: Positive test results for Chlamydia trachomatis were recorded amongst 136 women, giving a prevalence of 49.8%. 46(33.8%) women with normal tubal appearance and 90(66.2%) with tubal disease tested positive for Chlamydia antibodies. Bilateral tubal blockage was seen in 77(28.2%), while left and right tubal blockages were seen in 35(12.8%) and 21(7.7%) respectively. The accuracy of Chlamydia antibody testing in predicting tubal patency revealed a sensitivity of 67.7% and positive predictive value of 66.1% using HSG as the gold standard. Chlamydia trachomatis infection was found to be associated with age at sexual debut, history of ectopic pregnancy and previous history of abortion (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis amongst infertile women especially those with tubal disease. Risk factors associated with the infection such as early age of sexual debut, ectopic pregnancy and abortion further support the role of infectious morbidity especially with Chlamydia trachomatis.
La música y su aporte en el lenguaje verbal del niño con transtorno espectro autista (TEA).
Authors: Ávila Revelo Arcelia Anabel , Mendieta Torres Yessenia Anabel 
Published: November 2022

El TEA es un desorden del desarrollo extensamente estudiado desde que Kanner lo definiera en 1943, sin embargo, no han podido establecerse las causas concretas de su origen, por lo que se le ha caracterizado de enigmático. Tras las diferentes modificaciones que ha sufrido su cuadro clínico, las alternaciones en el lenguaje y comunicación han permanecido constantes a lo largo de la historia. En los últimos años, la música ha adquirido un carácter terapéutico en el tratamiento y mejora de ambos aspectos. Este trabajo acopia múltiples investigaciones llevadas a cabo sobre el beneficio que la música ha demostrado tener en el desarrollo y mejora del lenguaje verbal en niños con TEA, nuestra población de estudio fueron 3 estudiantes con TEA de 5,7 y 8 años de edad, hemos aplicado una metodología descriptiva correlacionado la música con el desarrollo del lenguaje verbal de los niños con TEA. En donde se ha desarrollado 12 clases que tienen contenidos similares al inventario de MacArthur con el que sea evaluó en aprendizaje de los niños, el mismo que es un instrumento cuyo objetivo es evaluar el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas en niños y niñas, de esta manera se concluye que la durante las clases aplicadas con música se mejoró significativamente el lenguaje verbal de nuestra muestra de estudio.