bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The knowledge spillover of innovation
Authors: Audretsch David B , Belitski Maksim 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study advances our understanding of knowledge spillover of innovation, putting a firm’s own R&D investment and knowledge spillovers to a competitive test. We use three matched databases of 15,430 firms in the United Kingdom (UK) during the period 2002–2014 in order to demonstrate that knowledge spillovers emanating from R&D investment within and between industries have different effects on innovation compared to imitation and that the ability to access spillover is conditional on the firm’s own investment in R&D. This study furthers our understanding in two different ways. Firstly, it supports the two faces of the R&D story. Second, it demonstrates that the relationship between knowledge spillover and firm innovation depends on the firm’s own investment in R&D and reveals the positive effects of knowledge transfer as well as factors limiting the use of spillovers such as industry competition, transaction costs, and eventually innovation type.
Hardwiring antimicrobial resistance mitigation into global policy
Authors: Thornber Kelly , Kirchhelle Claas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the wake of COVID-19, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become termed the ‘silent pandemic’, with a growing number of editorials warning that international momentum for AMR mitigation is being lost amidst the global turmoil of COVID-19, economic crises and the climate emergency. Yet, is it sufficient to now simply turn the volume of the pre-existing AMR policy discourse back up? Although existing AMR initiatives have previously achieved high levels of international attention, their impact remains limited. We believe it is time to critically reflect on the achievements of the past 7 years and adapt our AMR policies based on the substantial literature and evidence base that exists on the socioecological drivers of AMR. We argue that developing a more sustainable and impactful response requires a shift away from framing AMR as a unique threat in competition with other global challenges. Instead, we need to move towards an approach that emphasizes AMR as inherently interlinked and consciously hardwires upstream interventions into broader global developmental agendas.
Emergency Cranial Surgeries Without the Support of a Neurosurgeon: Experience of the French Military Surgeons
Authors: Sellier Aurore , Beucler Nathan , Joubert Christophe , Julien Clément , Tannyeres Paul , Anger Florent , Bernard Cédric , Desse Nicolas , Dagain Arnaud 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Unlike orthopedic or visceral surgeons, French military neurosurgeons are not permanently deployed on the conflict zone. Thus, craniocerebral war casualties are often managed by general surgeons in the mobile field surgical team. The objective of the study was to provide the feedback of French military surgeons who operated on craniocerebral injuries during their deployment in a role 2 surgical hospital without a neurosurgeon.

Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted by phone in March 2020, involving every military surgeon currently working in the French Military Training Hospitals, with an experience of cranial surgery without the support of a neurosurgeon during deployment. We strived to obtain contextual, clinical, radiological, and surgical data.

Results
A total of 33 cranial procedures involving 64 surgeons were reported from 1993 to 2018. A preoperative CT scan was not available in 18 patients (55%). Half of the procedures consisted in debridement of craniocerebral wounds (52%, n = 17), followed by decompressive craniectomies (30%, n = 10), craniotomy with hematoma evacuation (15%, n = 5), and finally one (3%) surgery with exploratory burr holes were performed. The 30-day survival rate was 52% (n = 17) and 50% (n = 10/20) among the patients who sustained severe traumatic brain injury.

Conclusions
This survey demonstrates the feasibility and the plus-value of a neurosurgical damage control procedure performed on the field by a surgeon nonspecialized in cranial surgery. The stereotyped neurosurgical techniques used by the in-theater surgeon were learned during a specific predeployment training course. However, the use of a live telemedicine neurosurgical support seems indispensable and could benefit the general surgeon in strained resources setting.
Triazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus isolates in Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Amona Fructueux Modeste , Oladele Rita Okeoghene , Resendiz-Sharpe Agustin , Denning David W , Kosmidis Chris , Lagrou Katrien , Zhong Hanying , Han Li 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Emergence of triazole resistance has been observed in Aspergillus fumigatus over the past decade including Africa. This review summarizes the current published data on the epidemiology and reported mechanisms of triazole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (TRAF) in both environmental and clinical isolates from Africa. Searches on databases Medline, PubMed, HINARI, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar on triazole resistance published between 2000 and 2021 from Africa were performed. Isolate source, antifungal susceptibility using internationally recognized methods, cyp51A mechanism of resistance and genotype were collected. Eleven published African studies were found that fitted the search criteria; these were subsequently analyzed. In total this constituted of 1686 environmental and 46 clinical samples. A TRAF prevalence of 17.1% (66/387) and 1.3% (5/387) was found in respectively environmental and clinical settings in African studies. Resistant to itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole was documented. Most of the triazole-resistant isolates (30/71, 42.25%) were found to possess the TR34/L98H mutation in the cyp51A-gene; fewer with TR46/Y121F/T289A (n = 8), F46Y/M172V/E427K (n = 1), G54E (n = 13), and M172V (n = 1) mutations. African isolates with the TR34/L98H, TR46/Y121F/T289A and the G54E mutations were closely related and could be grouped in one of two clusters (cluster-B), whereas the cyp51A-M172V mutation clustered with most cyp51A-WT strains (cluster-A). A single case from Kenya shows that TR34/L98H from environmental and clinical isolates are closely related. Our findings highlight that triazole resistance in environmental and clinical A. fumigatus is a cause for concern in a number of African countries. There is need for epidemiological surveillance to determine the true burden of the problem in Africa.

Lay Summary
Emergence of triazole resistance has been observed in Aspergillus fumigatus. TRAF was found from environmental (17.1%) and clinical (1.3%) settings in Africa. We highlighted that triazole resistance in environmental and clinical A. fumigatus is a cause for concern in a number of African countries.
Revisiting the continuum reverberation lags in the AGN PKS 0558−504
Authors: González-Buitrago D H , Santisteban J V Hernández , Barth A J , Jimenez-Bailón E , Li Yan-Rong , García-Díaz Ma T , Vargas A Lopez , Herrera-Endoqui M 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a revised analysis of the photometric reverberation mapping campaign of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PKS 0558 − 504 carried out with the Swift Observatory during 2008–2010. Previously, Gliozzi et al. (2013) found using the Discrete Correlation Function (DCF) method that the short-wavelength continuum variations lagged behind variations at longer wavelengths, the opposite of the trend expected for thermal reprocessing of X-rays by the accretion disc, and they interpreted their results as evidence against the reprocessing model. We carried out new DCF measurements that demonstrate that the inverted lag-wavelength relationship found by Gliozzi et al. resulted from their having interchanged the order of the driving and responding light curves when measuring the lags. To determine the inter-band lags and uncertainties more accurately, we carried out new measurements with four independent methods. These give consistent results showing time delays increasing as a function of wavelength, as expected for the disc reprocessing scenario. The slope of the re-analysed delay spectrum appears to be roughly compatible with the predicted τ ∝ λ4/3 relationship for reprocessing by an optically thick and geometrically thin accretion disc, although the data points exhibit a large scatter about the fitted power-law trend.
Searching for giant planets in the outer Solar system with far-infrared all-sky surveys
Authors: Sedgwick Chris , Serjeant Stephen 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We have explored a method for finding giant planets in the outer Solar system by detecting their thermal emission and proper motion between two far-infrared all-sky surveys separated by 23.4 yr, taken with the InfraRed Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) and the AKARI Space Telescope. An upper distance limit of about 8000 AU is given by both the sensitivities of these surveys and the distance at which proper motion becomes too small to be detected. This paper covers the region from 8000 AU to 700 AU. We have used a series of filtering and SED-fitting algorithms to find candidate pairs, whose IRAS and AKARI flux measurements could together plausibly be fitted by a Planck thermal distribution for a likely planetary temperature. Theoretical studies have placed various constraints on the likely existence of unknown planets in the outer Solar system. The main observational constraint to date comes from a WISE study: an upper limit on an unknown planet’s mass out into the Oort cloud. Our work confirms this result for our distance range, and provides additional observational constraints for lower distances and planetary masses, subject to the proviso that the planet is not confused with Galactic cirrus. We found 535 potential candidates with reasonable spectral energy distribution (SED) fits. Most would have masses close to or below that of Neptune (∼0.05 Jupiter mass), and be located below 1000 AU. However, examination of the infrared images of these candidates suggests that none is sufficiently compelling to warrant follow-up, since all are located inside or close to cirrus clouds, which are most likely the source of the far-infrared flux.
Photometric redshifts from SDSS images with an interpretable deep capsule network
Authors: Dey Biprateep , Andrews Brett H , Newman Jeffrey A , Mao Yao-Yuan , Rau Markus Michael , Zhou Rongpu 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Studies of cosmology, galaxy evolution, and astronomical transients with current and next-generation wide-field imaging surveys like the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time are all critically dependent on estimates of photometric redshifts. Capsule networks are a new type of neural network architecture that is better suited for identifying morphological features of the input images than traditional convolutional neural networks. We use a deep capsule network trained on ugriz images, spectroscopic redshifts, and Galaxy Zoo spiral/elliptical classifications of ∼400 000 Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies to do photometric redshift estimation. We achieve a photometric redshift prediction accuracy and a fraction of catastrophic outliers that are comparable to or better than current methods for SDSS main galaxy sample-like data sets (r ≤ 17.8 and zspec ≤ 0.4) while requiring less data and fewer trainable parameters. Furthermore, the decision-making of our capsule network is much more easily interpretable as capsules act as a low-dimensional encoding of the image. When the capsules are projected on a two-dimensional manifold, they form a single redshift sequence with the fraction of spirals in a region exhibiting a gradient roughly perpendicular to the redshift sequence. We perturb encodings of real galaxy images in this low-dimensional space to create synthetic galaxy images that demonstrate the image properties (e.g. size, orientation, and surface brightness) encoded by each dimension. We also measure correlations between galaxy properties (e.g. magnitudes, colours, and stellar mass) and each capsule dimension. We publicly release our code, estimated redshifts, and additional catalogues at https://biprateep.github.io/encapZulate-1.
Fingerprints of modified gravity on galaxies in voids
Authors: Cataldi Pedro , Pedrosa Susana , Padilla Nelson , Landau Susana , Arnold Christian , Li Baojiu 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We search for detectable signatures of f(R) gravity and its chameleon screening mechanism in the baryonic and dark matter (DM) properties of simulated void galaxies. The enhancement of the gravitational acceleration can have a meaningful impact on the scaling relations as well as on the halo morphology. The galaxy rotational velocity field (calculated with the velocity of the gas disc and the acceleration fields) deviates from the typical values of the Tully–Fisher Relation in General Relativity (GR). For a given stellar mass, f(R) gravity tends to produce greater maximum velocities. On the other hand, the mass in haloes in f(R) gravity is more concentrated than their counterparts in GR. This trend changes when the concentration is calculated with the dynamical density profile, which takes into account the unscreened outer regions of the halo. Stellar discs interact with the overall potential well in the central regions, modifying the morphology of the screening regions and reshaping them. We find a trend for galaxies with a more dominant stellar disc to deviate further from round screening regions. We find that small haloes are less triaxial and more round in f(R) than their GR counterparts. The difference between halo morphology becomes smaller in f(R) haloes whose inner regions are screened. These results suggest possible observables that could unveil modified gravity effects on galaxies in voids in future cosmological tests of gravity.
Tracing the environmental history of observed galaxies via extended fast action minimization method
Authors: Sarpa E , Longobardi A , Kraljic K , Veropalumbo A , Schimd C 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a novel application of the extended Fast Action Minimization method (eFAM) aimed at assessing the role of the environment in shaping galaxy evolution and validate our approach against the Magneticum hydrodynamical simulation. We consider the z ≃ 0 snapshot as our observed catalogue and use the reconstructed trajectories of galaxies to model the evolution of cosmic structures. At the statistical level, the fraction of volume occupied by voids, sheets, filaments, and clusters in the reconstructed and simulated high-redshift snapshots agree within 1σ. Locally, we estimate the accuracy of eFAM structures by computing their purity with respect to simulated structures, P, at the cells of a regular grid. Up to z = 1.2, clusters have 0.58 &lt; P &lt; 0.93, filaments vary in 0.90 &lt; P &lt; 0.99, sheets show 0.78 &lt; P &lt; 0.92, and voids have 0.90 &lt; P &lt; 0.92. As redshift increases, comparing reconstructed and simulated tracers becomes more difficult and the purity decreases to P ∼ 0.6. We retrieve the environmental history of individual galaxies by tracing their trajectories through the cosmic web and relate their observed gas fraction, fgas, with the time spent within different structures. For galaxies in clusters and filaments, eFAM reproduces the dependence of fgas on the redshift of accretion/infall as traced by the simulations with a 1.5σ statistical agreement (which decreases to 2.5σ for low-mass galaxies in filaments). These results support the application of eFAM to observational data to study the environmental dependence of galaxy properties, offering a complementary approach to that based on light-cone observations.
Resolved imaging of exoplanets with the solar gravitational lens
Authors: Turyshev Slava G , Toth Viktor T 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We discuss the feasibility of direct multipixel imaging of exoplanets with the solar gravitational lens (SGL) in the context of a realistic deep space mission. For this, we consider an optical telescope, placed in the image plane that forms in the strong interference region of the SGL. We consider an Earth-like exoplanet located in our immediate stellar neighbourhood and model its characteristics using our own Earth. We estimate photon fluxes from such a compact, extended, resolved exoplanet. This light appears in the form of an Einstein ring around the Sun, seen through the solar corona. The solar corona background contributes a significant amount of stochastic noise and represents the main noise source for observations utilizing the SGL. We estimate the magnitude of this noise. We compute the resulting signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and related integration times that are needed to perform imaging measurements under realistic conditions. It is known that deconvolution, removing the blur due to the SGL’s spherical aberration substantially decreases the SNR. Our key finding is that this ‘penalty’ is significantly mitigated when sampling locations in the image plane (image pixels) remain widely spaced. Consequently, we conclude that an imaging mission is challenging but feasible, using technologies that are either already available or in active development. Under realistic conditions, high-resolution imaging of Earth-like exoplanets in our galactic neighbourhood requires only weeks or months of integration time, not years as previously thought: a high quality 1000 × 1000 pixel image of an Earth-like planet at Proxima Centauri could be obtained with SNR &gt; 10 using approximately 14 months of integration time.
4Ecocriticism
Authors: Macklin Rebecca 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Much ecocriticism scholarship published in 2021 sought to tackle the question of environmental emergency. The work considered in this essay covers a considerable range of topics, temporalities, and spaces, ranging from British histories of industrial extraction to Canada’s polluted waterways in the present, and draws upon an array of disciplinary contexts, including work from literary theory, media studies, the environmental humanities, waste and discard studies, Black studies, feminist theory, and Indigenous studies. I examine works that suggest new ways of understanding our current ‘crisis’ through a reframing of timescales and an emphasis on infrastructures; works that think explicitly about extraction and extractivism by considering what critical and cultural theory can offer to help better conceptualize both the climate crisis and the structures of racial capitalism on which it is grounded; and works that employ and develop experimental, hybrid forms of creative-theoretical research methods, operating outside the bounds of what we might traditionally understand as ecocriticism. I conclude by suggesting that these experimental modes of theory exemplify how ecocriticism and the environmental humanities are increasingly turning to new forms to imagine possible routes out of contemporary intersecting crises. The essay is divided into four key sections: 1. Introduction: Code Red for Humanity; 2. The Colonial Logics and Infrastructures of Environmental Crisis; 3. Theorizing Extraction and Extractivism; 4. Finding New Forms.
Identification and Fine Mapping of Gummy Stem Blight Resistance Gene Gsb-7(t) in Melon
Authors: Ma Jian , Li Congcong , Tian Jiaxing , Qiu Yanhong , Geng Lihua , Wang Jianshe 
Published: July 2022

Gummy stem blight (GSB), caused by Didymella bryoniae, is a devastating fungal disease of melon worldwide. Breeding GSB-resistant cultivars with host resistance genes is considered the most economic and effective strategy to control this disease. In this study, 260 melon germplasm resources were screened for resistance to GSB, and an inbred line, H55R, that exhibited immunity to GSB was identified. To further understand the resistance mechanism of H55R against GSB, an F2 population was obtained from a cross between the GSB-susceptible line A15 and H55R, and genetic analysis indicated that the GSB resistance in H55R was controlled by a single dominant gene, tentatively named Gsb-7(t). The Gsb-7(t) gene was finally delimited to a 140-kb interval on chromosome 7 using bulked segregant analysis and chromosome walking strategies. Ten putative genes were annotated in this region that contains a wall-associated receptor kinase (WAK) gene MELO3C010403. The MELO3C010403 gene contains two alternative transcripts, MELO3C010403-T1 and MELO3C010403-T2, with five and seven nonsynonymous mutation sites, respectively. Gene expression analysis showed that expression of MELO3C010403-T2 but not MELO3C010403-T1 was significantly induced by D. bryoniae at 24 h postinoculation, indicating that the MELO3C010403-T2 transcript of MELO3C010403 was the most likely candidate gene of Gsb-7(t). Our results offer new genetic resources and will be helpful for the development of GSB-resistant melon cultivars in the future.
Anticipated Barriers to Sustained Engagement in Treatment With Medications for Opioid Use Disorder After Release From Incarceration
Authors: Kaplowitz Eliana , Truong Ashley , Macmadu Alexandria , Berk Justin , Martin Harrison , Burke Caroline , Rich Josiah D. , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren 
Published: August 2022

Background
Although the burden of opioid use disorder is disproportionately high among persons who are incarcerated, medications for opioid use disorder are often unavailable in correctional settings. The Rhode Island Department of Corrections provides all 3 classes of medications for opioid use disorder to clinically eligible persons who are incarcerated. Despite a decrease in fatal overdoses among persons with recent criminal legal system involvement since the program's implementation, barriers to continued engagement in treatment after release from incarceration still exist.

Methods
We conducted 40 semistructured, qualitative interviews with people who were incarcerated and enrolled in the comprehensive medications for opioid use disorder program at the Rhode Island Department of Corrections. Analysis applied a general, inductive approach using NVivo 12.

Results
Participants discussed barriers to treatment engagement before incarceration, as well as anticipated barriers to medications to treat opioid use disorder continuation after release from incarceration. Structural factors including housing, health insurance, transportation, and the treatment program structure, as well as social factors such as social support networks were perceived to influence retention in medications to treat opioid use disorder post-release.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that people with opioid use disorder who are incarcerated encounter unique challenges upon community reentry. Addressing structural factors that pose barriers to post-release engagement is essential to sustaining retention. We recommend utilization of peer recovery specialists to alleviate some of the stress of navigating the structural barriers identified by participants.