bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One step closer to myocardial physiology: From PV loop analysis to state‐of‐the‐art myocardial imaging
Authors: Harbo Markus Borge , Stokke Mathis Korseberg , Sjaastad Ivar , Espe Emil Knut Stenersen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent advances in cardiac imaging have revitalized the assessment of fundamental physiological concepts. In the field of cardiac physiology, invasive measurements with pressure‐volume (PV) loops have served as the gold standard methodology for the characterization of left ventricular (LV) function. From PV loop data, fundamental aspects of LV chamber function are derived such as work, efficiency, stiffness and contractility. However, the parametrization of these aspects is limited because of the need for invasive procedures. Through the utilization of recent advances in echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, it has become increasingly feasible to quantify these fundamental aspects of LV function non‐invasively. Importantly, state‐of‐the‐art imaging technology enables direct assessment of myocardial performance, thereby extending functional assessment from the net function of the LV chamber, as is done with PV loops, to the myocardium itself. With a strong coupling to underlying myocardial physiology, imaging measurements of myocardial work, efficiency, stiffness and contractility could represent the next generation of functional parameters. The purpose of this review is to discuss how the new imaging parameters of myocardial work, efficiency, stiffness and contractility can bring cardiac physiologists, researchers and clinicians alike one step closer to underlying myocardial physiology.
Factors associated with parenting stress in parents of 18‐month‐old children
Authors: Khalsa Amrik Singh , Weber Zachary A. , Zvara Bharathi J. , Keim Sarah A. , Andridge Rebecca , Anderson Sarah E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimParenting stress is associated with less optimal outcomes for children. Risk factors contributing to parenting stress in healthy toddlers have received little empirical attention. This study sought to determine the factors that are associated with parenting stress in parents of 18‐month‐old children.MethodsWe analysed cross‐sectional survey data from a prospective cohort study focused on parent–child mealtime interactions. Families with an 18‐month‐old child were recruited in Columbus, Ohio, USA, between December 2017 and May 2019. Adjusted stepwise linear regression models estimated associations between child factors (e.g., temperament), parental factors (e.g., depressive symptoms), quality of romantic relationship factors (e.g., adult attachment style) and home environment factors (e.g., household income) and parenting stress (Parental Distress subscale of the Parenting Stress Index‐4 Short Form).ResultsThe 299 children included 129 (43%) females. Parents were on average 30.6 (SD 6.1) years old and included a diverse racial/ethnic cohort. Mean Parental Distress score was 24.3 (SD 6.8; score range 12–60). Higher Parental Distress scores were associated with greater parental depressive symptoms (B = 5.1 [95% CI: 2.4, 7.7]) and avoidant (B = 2.8 [95% CI: 0.9, 4.6]) attachment style. Other child, parental and home environment factors did not demonstrate statistically significant relationships with parental distress in the final model.ConclusionOur findings align with recommendations for paediatric providers to screen for parenting stress and mental health.
Tax Evasion Attitudes of Small Firms in Low‐ and Middle‐income Countries: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Moerenhout Tom , Yang Joonseok 
Published: January 2022

SummaryMotivationThe need to tax small firms for revenue generation alongside the aim of establishing a sustainable tax system for such firms that encourages economic growth has long been a challenge for lower‐middle income countries, especially those with large informal economies, such as Nigeria. This article explores the drivers of tax morale of small firms in lower‐middle income countries.PurposeThis article investigates what determines the attitudes of small firms on their potential evasion of taxes on profits, defined here as tax morale. Our objective is to use a new, dedicated small firm survey in Nigeria with high power to construct regressions that can help explore, and contribute to, hypotheses about tax evasion attitudes of small firms.Methods and approachWe use a new nationally representative dataset of 8000 small firms in Africa’s largest economy, Nigeria, based on in‐person interviews conducted in the summer of 2018. To investigate key factors shaping tax morale of small firms in Nigeria, we estimate an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model using a comprehensive set of explanatory variables based on the large‐N power of our survey.FindingsWe find that in Nigeria the normative dimension and business development dimension appear more important. Small firms that have a higher trust in the government seem to have better tax morale. But firms that believe corruption is relatively frequent have notably worse morale. Firms that are registered and have positive expectations of their own growth also appear to have better tax morale.Policy implicationsSmall companies play an important role in Nigerian society as both employers and drivers of economic growth. Yet, tax compliance among small companies in Nigeria remains very low, as evidenced through our survey. Investigating tax morale and compliance of small firms is critical to design strategies to incorporate them in the tax base to the benefit of the entire country. In particular, the findings suggest that building trust in government and business development policies is important to improve tax morale.
(Not) bringing your whole self to work: The gendered experience of upward mobility in the UK Civil Service
Authors: Friedman Sam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWomen from working‐class backgrounds face a multiplicative earnings penalty in Britain's elite occupations. In this paper, I explore one driver of this “double disadvantage”; a strong gender divide in who discusses and displays a working‐class identity in the workplace. Drawing on data from the 2019 UK Civil Service People Survey (n = 300,788) and 104 interviews with civil servants, I find that men from working‐class backgrounds are more likely (than women) to identify as coming from a working‐class background, to talk openly about their background, and to feel comfortable displaying embodied markers of their origin. For some men such “origin talk” can even confer advantage, allowing them to resist dominant behavioral codes or “brand” themselves as senior leaders with a unique perspective. In contrast, women from working‐class backgrounds overwhelmingly choose to conceal their backgrounds at work, presuming that such disclosures will only leave them vulnerable to negative judgment. Such suppression often leaves a significant emotional imprint, with many women reporting a lingering sense of shame and inferiority. It can also have implications for their careers; feeling unable to inhabit one's “authentic self” at work often elicits a sense of withdrawal and self‐elimination from the stakes of career progression.
Effect of magnetic field with different dimensions on quality of avocado puree during frozen storage
Authors: Wang Ting , Jin Yamei , Yang Na , Xu Dan , Yang Zixuan , Tan Yinying , Xu Xueming , Jin Zhengyu , Cui Bo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe magnetic field‐assisted freezing (MFAF) has been identified as an emerging physical method used for food preservation, characterised by its high penetrability in food materials. However, effects of magnetic fields in different dimensions on food freezing process and its products quality have not been previously compared. Thus, the alternating magnetic fields (4 mT and 50 Hz) were applied in different directions and its impact on the physiochemical properties of frozen avocado puree during the storage were investigated. In comparison with the conventional freezing process, the application of MFAF could reduce the weight loss and soluble solids rise. The transformation between different types of water and their corresponding redistribution were also limited under MFAF. The decrease of total polyphenol content with extended storage time was reduced due to the inhibitory effect of MFAF on the polyphenol oxidase activity. In general, the MFAF of avocado purees presented better texture characteristics and higher sensory qualities than the controls. The more directions the magnetic field was applied, the better it performed in maintaining the quality of avocado puree. This study provides a reference for the application of the MFAF on food cryopreservation.
How increased job demand affects nurses' task mastery and deviance in the pandemic era
Authors: Zhou Jinyi , Zhang Ke‐fu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimAlthough normative and ethical procedures are extremely critical for health care providers, during this unique time, when the pandemic suddenly increased job requirements and workloads, maintaining a morally appropriate working style became an increasingly difficult challenge for nurses. Few previous studies have examined whether these highly increased job demands influence nurses' resource condition, in turn affecting their deviance and task mastery.DesignsIn the current study, we proposed a theoretical model examining whether nurses' job demands (the predictor) will affect task mastery and deviance (the outcomes) by increasing resource depletion.MethodsA multiwave field study of 172 nurses from two comprehensive hospitals was conducted to test the proposed theoretical model from April to August 2020. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analyses, correlation coefficients and linear regressions were used to test the hypotheses.ResultsThe results suggested that even though job demands may temporarily increase nurses' task mastery and decrease their organizational deviance, they ultimately have a negative influence since resource depletion acts as a side effect that suppresses the two direct effects.ConclusionThe theoretical contributions and practical implications of our findings were discussed. Specifically, we suggested that healthcare institutions should provide abundant support for nurses to supplement their resource reserves to avoid the risk of potential medical malpractice.ImpactPractically, this study tried to emphasize the important role of nurses' resource condition. Especially we aimed to remind managers and leaders cannot just improve nurses' job demand to deal with the public health crises. They also need to focus on their resource condition during pandemics.
Different platelet‐rich plasma preparation protocols in Female pattern hair loss: Does it affect the outcome? A pilot study
Authors: Moftah Nayera Hassan , Taha Nour EL‐Eman , Alhabibi Alshaymaa Mohammed , Hamdino Mervat 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injection is a promising modality for hair regeneration in female pattern hair loss (FPHL). A standard protocol on best methods for PRP preparation has not been established.ObjectivesTo optimize standard PRP preparation protocols and evaluate its clinical efficacy in FPHL.MethodsComparative study enrolled 40 female patients with FPHL divided randomly into 4 equal groups. Each group received 3 sessions of monthly intradermal injection of PRP prepared by different methods regarding number of spins, centrifugation speeds, type of the centrifuge, and the size of PRP tube. Patients were evaluated by trichoscan before and 1 month after the 3rd session for number of terminal, vellus hair, and average hair width.ResultsA statistically significant increase in platelet count in PRP prepared by combination of digital centrifuge, large‐sized sodium citrate tube, and low centrifugation speed (900 rpm). All patients showed statistically significant increase in percentage of terminal hair and average width of hair after treatment as assessed by trichoscan, without statistically significant difference between studied groups.ConclusionsDigital centrifuge, large‐sized sodium citrate tubes, and a single spin with low centrifugation speed (900 rpm) were ideal for PRP preparation. PRP is an effective and safe modality in FPHL therapy.
Critical phenomenology and the banality of white supremacy
Authors: Ngo Helen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCritical phenomenology is a rapidly flourishing field of research within philosophical phenomenology. This article undertakes a genealogy of the critical philosophical enterprise, drawing out its key commitments, motivations, tensions, and productive potential. In the second half of this article, I explore the promise of critical phenomenology, by examining how a critical phenomenological approach to questions of racism and racialised embodiment can help extend our understanding of white supremacy, opening up new possibilities for thinking its banality and ubiquity in contemporary social and political life.
Investigation of natural RIN4 variants reveals a motif crucial for function and provides an opportunity to broaden NLR regulation specificity
Authors: Kim Haseong , Prokchorchik Maxim , Sohn Kee Hoon 
Published: January 2022

SummaryMultiple bacterial effectors target RPM1‐INTERACTING PROTEIN4 (RIN4), the biochemical modifications of which are recognized by several plant nucleotide‐binding and leucine‐rich repeat immune receptor (NLR) proteins. Recently, a comparative study of Arabidopsis and apple (Malus domestica) RIN4s revealed that the RIN4 specificity motif (RSM) is critical for NLR regulation. Here, we investigated the extent to which the RSM contributes to the functions of natural RIN4 variants. Functional analysis of 33 natural RIN4 variants from 28 plant species showed that the RSM is generally required yet sometimes dispensable for the RIN4‐mediated suppression of NLR auto‐activity or effector‐triggered NLR activation. Association analysis of the sequences and fire blight resistance gene originating from Malus × robusta 5 (FB_MR5) activation functions of the natural RIN4 variants revealed H167 to be an indispensable residue for RIN4 function in the regulation of NLRs. None of the tested natural RIN4 variants could suppress RESISTANCE TO PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE PV. MACULICOLA1 (RPM1) auto‐activity and activate FB_MR5. To engineer RIN4 to carry broader NLR compatibility, we generated chimeric RIN4 proteins, several of which could regulate RPM1, RESISTANT TO PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE2 (RPS2), and FB_MR5. We propose that the intrinsically disordered nature of RIN4 provides a flexible platform to broaden pathogen recognition specificity by establishing compatibility with otherwise incompatible NLRs.
Effects of Nonaxisymmetric Volute on Rotating Stall in the Vaneless Diffuser of Centrifugal Compressors
Authors: Niu Zitian , Sun Zhenzhong , Wang Baotong , Zheng Xinqian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Rotating stall is an important unstable flow phenomenon that leads to performance degradation and limits the stability boundary in centrifugal compressors. The volute is one of the sources inducing nonaxisymmetric flows in centrifugal compressors, which has an important effect on compressors' aerodynamic performance. However, the influence of volute on rotating stall is not clear. Therefore, the effects of volute on rotating stall behavior have been explored in this paper by experiments and numerical simulations. The frequency of the rotating stall captured by the experiments is 43.9% of the impeller passing frequency (IPF), while it is 44.7% of IPF calculated from the numerical results, which proves the accuracy and capability of the numerical method in this work to study the rotating stall behavior. The flow fields from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations further reveal that one stall cell initializing in a particular location deforms into several stall cells while rotating along the circumferential direction and becomes much smaller in a specific location during the evolution process, and finally, it is suppressed in another specific location as a result of the distorted flow field caused by the volute. Moreover, stall cells' behavior, including shrinking and enlarging along the spanwise direction during rotation, is closely related to the circumferentially nonaxisymmetric pressure distribution caused by the volute. The existence of volute makes rotating stall incept in the flow rate 32% larger than that of the centrifugal compressor without volute. By optimizing volute geometry to reduce the distortion of the flow field, it is expected that the rotating stall can be weakened or suppressed, which is helpful to extend the stable operating range of centrifugal compressors.
Effect of the interaction between physical activity and estimated macronutrient intake on HbA1c: population-based cross-sectional and longitudinal studies
Authors: Furukawa Takuma , Nishida Yuichiro , Hara Megumi , Shimanoe Chisato , Koga Kayoko , Iwasaka Chiharu , Higaki Yasuki , Tanaka Keitaro , Nakashima Ryoko , Ikezaki Hiroaki , Hishida Asahi , Tamura Takashi , Kato Yasufumi , Tamada Yudai , Matsuo Keitaro , Ito Hidemi , Mikami Haruo , Kusakabe Miho , Ibusuki Rie , Shibuya Keiichi , Suzuki Sadao , Nakagawa-Senda Hiroko , Ozaki Etsuko , Matsui Daisuke , Kuriki Kiyonori , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Kadota Aya , Arisawa Kokichi , Katsuura-Kamano Sakurako , Takeuchi Kenji , Wakai Kenji 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionHealthy diet and physical activity (PA) are essential for preventing type 2 diabetes, particularly, a combination of diet and PA. However, reports on interaction between PA and diet, especially from large epidemiological studies, are limited. We investigated the effect of interaction between PA and macronutrient intake on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in the general population.Research design and methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 55 469 men and women without diabetes who participated in the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. A self-administered questionnaire ascertained PA and macronutrient intake (carbohydrate, fat, and protein). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to adjust for confounding variables and examine the interactions. In addition, we conducted a longitudinal study during a 5-year period within a subcohort (n=6881) with accelerometer-assessed PA data.ResultsOverall, PA had a weak inverse association (β=−0.00033, p=0.049) and carbohydrate intake had a strong positive association (β=0.00393, p<0.001) with HbA1c. We observed a tendency of interactions between PA and carbohydrate or fat intake, but not protein intake, on HbA1c levels after adjusting for age, sex, study area, total energy intake, alcohol consumption, smoking, and medication for hypertension or hypercholesterolemia (Pinteraction=0.054, 0.006, and 0.156, respectively). The inverse associations between PA and HbA1c level were more evident in participants with high-carbohydrate (or low-fat) intake than in participants with low-carbohydrate (or high-fat) intake. Although further adjustment for body mass index slightly attenuated the above interactions (Pinteraction=0.098 for carbohydrate and 0.068 for fat), the associations between PA and HbA1c level in stratified analyses remained unchanged. Similar associations and interactions were reproduced in the longitudinal study.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that the effect of PA on HbA1c levels is modified by intake of macronutrient composition.
Double-blind cross-over pilot trial protocol to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of long-term adaptive deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Marceglia Sara , Conti Costanza , Svanidze Oleg , Foffani Guglielmo , Lozano Andres M , Moro Elena , Volkmann Jens , Arlotti Mattia , Rossi Lorenzo , Priori Alberto 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionAfter several years of brain-sensing technology development and proof-of-concept studies, adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) is ready to better treat Parkinson’s disease (PD) using aDBS-capable implantable pulse generators (IPGs). New aDBS devices are capable of continuous sensing of neuronal activity from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and contemporaneous stimulation automatically adapted to match the patient’s clinical state estimated from the analysis of STN activity using proprietary algorithms. Specific studies are necessary to assess superiority of aDBS vs conventional DBS (cDBS) therapy. This protocol describes an original innovative multicentre international study aimed to assess safety and efficacy of aDBS vs cDBS using a new generation of DBS IPG in PD (AlphaDBS system by Newronika SpA, Milan, Italy).MethodsThe study involves six investigational sites (in Italy, Poland and The Netherlands). The primary objective will be to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the AlphaDBS System, when used in cDBS and aDBS mode. Secondary objective will be to evaluate the potential efficacy of aDBS. After eligibility screening, 15 patients with PD already implanted with DBS systems and in need of battery replacement will be randomised to enter a two-phase protocol, including a ‘short-term follow-up’ (2 days experimental sessions during hospitalisation, 1 day per each mode) and a ‘long-term follow-up’ (1 month at home, 15 days per each mode).Ethics and disseminationThe trial was approved as premarket study by the Italian, Polish, and Dutch Competent Authorities: Bioethics Committee at National Oncology Institute of Maria Skłodowska-Curie—National Research Institute in Warsaw; Comitato Etico Milano Area 2; Comitato Etico IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta; Comitato Etico interaziendale AOUC Città della Salute e della Scienza—AO Ordine Mauriziano di Torino—ASL Città di Torino; De Medisch Ethisch Toetsingscommissie van Maastricht UMC. The study started enrolling patients in January 2021.Trial registration numberNCT04681534.