bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of the impact of severe obesity on kidney transplant outcomes
Authors: Tsapepas Demetra , Sandra Vanessa , Dale Leigh Ann , Drexler Yelena , King Kristen L , Yu Miko , Toma Katherine , Van Bever Jennifer , Sanichar Navin , Husain S Ali , Mohan Sumit 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
The prevalence of obesity among kidney transplant recipients is rising. We sought to determine the association between recipient body mass index (BMI) and post-transplant complications.

Methods
Single-center, retrospective cohort study of all adult kidney transplant recipients from 2004 to 2020. Recipients were stratified into four BMI categories: normal-weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, n = 1020), overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2, n = 1002), moderately obese (BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2, n = 510) and severely-to-morbidly obese (BMI ≥35 kg/m2, n = 274). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between BMI category and surgical site infections (SSIs).

Results
Recipients with BMI ≥35 kg/m2 had significantly higher rates of SSIs (P &lt; .0001) compared with recipients in all other categories. On multivariable analysis, recipients with BMI ≥35 kg/m2 had increased odds of SSIs compared with normal-weight recipients [odds ratio (OR) 3.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55–7.22, P = .022). On multivariable and Kaplan–Meier analyses, no BMI groups demonstrated increased odds for death-censored graft failure.

Conclusion
Severe obesity in kidney transplant recipients is associated with increased SSIs, but not kidney allograft failure.
A fly’s eye view of quiescent neural stem cells
Authors: Gujar Mahekta R , Wang Hongyan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The balance between proliferation and quiescence of stem cells is crucial in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the brain have the ability to be reactivated from a reversible quiescent state to generate new neurons. However, how NSCs transit between quiescence and reactivation remains largely elusive. Drosophila larval brain NSCs, also known as neuroblasts, have emerged as an excellent in vivo model to study molecular mechanisms underlying NSC quiescence and reactivation. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the reactivation of quiescent NSCs in Drosophila. We review the most recent advances on epigenetic regulations and microtubule cytoskeleton in Drosophila quiescent NSCs and their cross-talk with signaling pathways that are required in regulating NSC reactivation.
Isolated rhinorrhea in the presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection among preschool- versus school-aged children
Authors: Proulx Catherine , Autmizgine Julie , Drouin Olivier , Panetta Luc , Delisle Gaelle A , Luu Thuy Mai , Quach Caroline , Kakkar Fatima 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Rapid identification and isolation of SARS-CoV-2 cases are priorities in school and child care settings to prevent further outbreaks. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infections among preschool (&lt;5 years) versus school-aged (≥5 years) children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and, specifically, the probability of presenting with an isolated symptom, such rhinorrhea or sore throat.

Methods
Retrospective study of children (≤18 years of age) diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 in the outpatient COVID-19 clinic or the Emergency Department at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) February through May 2020.

Results
Of 3,789 children tested, 105 (3%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2, and 104 included in the analysis (n=49 age &lt;5 years and n=55 age ≥5 years). While fever was the most common presenting symptom across both age groups, in the absence of fever, the presence of a combination of two or more symptoms identified the majority (92%) of cases. Isolated single symptom presentations were uncommon (&lt;5% of cases). Most importantly, not a single child in either age group presented with isolated rhinorrhea or sore throat.

Conclusions
While there are differences in the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in preschool- versus school-aged children, in both age groups, isolated rhinorrhea was not a manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results could help further guide testing criteria and exclusion criteria in child care and school settings.
Effector-triggered inhibition of nodulation: A rhizobial effector protease targets soybean kinase GmPBS1-1
Authors: Khan Asaf , Wadood Syed F , Chen Min , Wang Yan , Xie Zhi-Ping , Staehelin Christian 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Type III protein secretion systems of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia deliver effector proteins into leguminous host cells to promote or inhibit the nodule symbiosis. However, mechanisms underlying effector-triggered inhibition of nodulation remain largely unknown. Nodulation outer protein T (NopT) of Sinorhizobium sp. NGR234 is an effector protease related to the Pseudomonas effector Avirulence protein Pseudomonas phaseolicola B (AvrPphB). Here, we constructed NGR234 mutants producing different NopT variants and found that protease activity of NopT negatively affects nodulation of smooth crotalaria (Crotalaria pallida). NopT variants lacking residues required for autocleavage and subsequent lipidation showed reduced symbiotic effects and were not targeted to the plasma membrane. We further noticed that Sinorhizobium fredii strains possess a mutated nopT gene. Sinorhizobium fredii USDA257 expressing nopT of NGR234 induced considerably fewer nodules in soybean (Glycine max) cv. Nenfeng 15 but not in other cultivars. Effector perception was further examined in NopT-expressing leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and found to be dependent on the protein kinase Arabidopsis AvrPphB Susceptible 1 (AtPBS1) and the associated resistance protein Arabidopsis Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae 5 (AtRPS5). Experiments with Nicotiana benthamiana plants indicated that the soybean homolog GmPBS1-1 associated with AtRPS5 can perceive NopT. Further analysis showed that NopT cleaves AtPBS1 and GmPBS1-1 and thus can activate these target proteins. Insertion of a DKM motif at the cleavage site of GmPBS1-1 resulted in increased proteolysis. Nodulation tests with soybeans expressing an autoactive GmPBS1-1 variant indicated that activation of a GmPBS1-1-mediated resistance pathway impairs nodule formation in cv. Nenfeng 15. Our findings suggest that legumes face an evolutionary dilemma of either developing effector-triggered immunity against pathogenic bacteria or establishing symbiosis with suboptimally adapted rhizobia producing pathogen-like effectors.
COVID-19 among Amazonian indigenous in Peru: mortality, incidence, and clinical characteristics
Authors: Soto-Cabezas M Gabriela , Reyes Mary F , Soriano Anderson N , Rodríguez Jean Pierre Velásquez , Ibargüen Luis Ordoñez , Martel Kevin S , Jaime Noemi Flores , Munayco Cesar V 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Few studies have described the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 from ethnic minority groups. Our objective was to evaluate the mortality and incidence rates, clinical characteristics and factors associated with mortality in cases with COVID-19 belonging to the Amazonian indigenous ethnic group in Peru.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study including all cases from COVID-19 among Peruvian people identified as Amazonian indigenous from 07 March to 31 October 2020. We calculated the standardized mortality and incidence ratios using the indirect age-adjusted method to determine the differences between Amazonian Indigenous and the general population. In addition, we used multivariable logistic regression to determine the risk factors for death.

Results
A total of 19 018 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases were analyzed. Indigenous people had 3.18 (95% CI, 3.13–3.23) times the risk of infection and 0.34 (0.31–0.37) times the mortality risk of the general Peruvian population. Males had 1.29 (1.04–1.61) times the odds of death compared with females and for each year of age, the odds of mortality increased 1.03 (1.03–1.04) times. Cases with respiratory distress had 2.47 (1.96–3.10) times more likely to die. Having an immunodeficiency was 18.7 (6.12–57.00) times more likely to die.

Discussion
The Amazonian indigenous population in Peru was strongly affected by COVID-19 compared with the general Peruvian population.
Energy Flux in Thin Plates
Authors: Thompson Ian , Fazakerley Grace 
Published: May 2022

Summary
A formula for energy flux due to vibrations in a thin plate modelled by Kirchhoff theory is derived by considering a Mindlin plate and taking the low frequency (or low thickness) limit. It is shown that a term that is usually neglected in Kirchhoff theory persists close to free edges. This term does not affect the transverse displacement, but it does affect the energy flux. The new flux formula conserves energy and evaluates to zero along fixed, free and simply supported edges. An example problem, in which edge waves are excited by a point source located in a semi-infinite plate, is considered. Numerical calculations show that the energy radiated into the far field matches the energy introduced by the source.
Obstructive sleep apnea, cerebrovascular disease, and amyloid in older adults with Down syndrome across the Alzheimer’s continuum
Authors: Lao Patrick , Zimmerman Molly E , Hartley Sigan L , Gutierrez José , Keator David , Igwe Kay C , Laing Krystal K , Cotton-Samuel Dejania , Sathishkumar Mithra , Moni Fahmida , Andrews Howard , Krinsky-McHale Sharon , Head Elizabeth , Lee Joseph H , Lai Florence , Yassa Michael A , Diana Rosas H , Silverman Wayne , Lott Ira T , Schupf Nicole , Brickman Adam M 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe determined the extent to which obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cerebrovascular disease and amyloid burden, and the relation of the two processes across clinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnostic groups in adults with Down syndrome (DS). Adults with DS from the Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease in Down Syndrome (ADDS) study were included given available research MRI (n = 116; 50 ± 8 years; 42% women) and amyloid PET scans (n = 71; 50 ± 7 years; 39% women) at the time of analysis. Participants were characterized as cognitively stable (CS; 64%), with mild cognitive impairment-DS (MCI-DS; 23%), with possible AD dementia (5%), or with definite AD dementia (8%). OSA was determined via medical records and interviews. Models tested the effect of OSA on MRI-derived cerebrovascular biomarkers and PET-derived amyloid burden, and the moderating effect of OSA and AD diagnosis on biomarkers. OSA was reported in 39% of participants, which did not differ by clinical AD diagnostic group. OSA was not associated with cerebrovascular biomarkers but was associated with greater cortical amyloid burden. White matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume (primarily in the parietal lobe), enlarged perivascular spaces, and cortical and striatal amyloid burden were greater across clinical AD diagnostic groups (CS&lt;MCI-DS&lt;possible AD&lt;definite AD). OSA increased the differences in WMH volumes across clinical AD diagnostic groups, primarily in the frontal and temporal lobes. Adults with DS and OSA had greater amyloid burden and greater cerebrovascular disease with AD. Importantly, OSA may be a modifiable risk factor that can be targeted for intervention in this population at risk for AD.
Uneven Access to Justice: Social Context and Eligibility for the Right to Counsel
Authors: Dahaghi Kevin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The right to counsel is a cornerstone of due process. This article explores the legal construction of “indigency” in criminal county courts. I examine Texas’s Fair Defense Act (2001), a policy mandate that required all 254 counties to create formal criteria used for determining eligibility for access to counsel, as an empirical case for understanding local policy choices that shape access to justice. Drawing on novel data from court plans, I find significant variation in the stringency of eligibility criteria used to determine indigency. Results show that socioeconomic conditions, racial threat, interest group presence, and elements of judicial discretion are key determinants of restrictive eligibility criteria. These findings suggest racial threat can be tied to the institutional design of policies, rather than the enforcement or dormancy of criminal law. The variable institutionalization of eligibility criteria has implications for understanding the entrenchment of racial and class-based inequalities in access to legal institutions.
Efficient and iterative retron-mediated in vivo recombineering in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ellington Adam J , Reisch Christopher R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Recombineering is an important tool in gene editing, enabling fast, precise and highly specific in vivo modification of microbial genomes. Oligonucleotide-mediated recombineering via the in vivo production of single-stranded DNA can overcome the limitations of traditional recombineering methods that rely on the exogenous delivery of editing templates. By modifying a previously reported plasmid-based system for fully in vivo single-stranded DNA recombineering, we demonstrate iterative editing of independent loci by utilizing a temperature-sensitive origin of replication for easy curing of the editing plasmid from recombinant cells. Optimization of the promoters driving the expression of the system’s functional components, combined with targeted counterselection against unedited cells with Cas9 nuclease, enabled editing efficiencies of 90–100%. The addition of a dominant-negative mutL allele to the system allowed single-nucleotide edits that were otherwise unachievable due to mismatch repair. Finally, we tested alternative recombinases and found that efficiency significantly increased for some targets. Requiring only a single cloning step for retargeting, our system provides an easy-to-use method for rapid, efficient construction of desired mutants.
Graphical Abstract
The last of the large-sized tortoises of the Mediterranean islands
Authors: Valenti Pietro , Vlachos Evangelos , Kehlmaier Christian , Fritz Uwe , Georgalis Georgios L , Luján Àngel Hernández , Miccichè Roberto , Sineo Luca , Delfino Massimo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Archaeological investigations carried out in the cave Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro, Bagheria, Sicily, revealed the presence of a few skeletal elements of a large-sized tortoise in a funerary area dating to the Copper/Bronze Age. The tortoise has been AMS-dated revealing an age of 12.5 ± 0.5 kyr BP and therefore it pre-dates the funerary activities. The morphology of the retrieved skeletal elements differs from that of the only native tortoise currently living in Sicily, Testudo hermanni. The tortoise’s size significantly exceeds the size range of extant Te. hermanni and all Testudo spp., as well as that of their known fossils, and suggests a shell length of 50–60 cm. Repeated efforts to obtain DNA sequences from the tortoise of Zubbio di Cozzo San Pietro failed, but the morphology of the femur is distinct enough to allow us to erect a new taxon, Solitudo sicula gen. et sp. nov., based on a parsimony analysis. It belongs to a hitherto unrecognized clade that includes other large-sized tortoises from Mediterranean islands, like Malta and Menorca. A review of the pertinent taxa indicates that the remains here described represent the geologically youngest large-sized tortoise of the Mediterranean area.
Improving Resident Knowledge of Ergonomics Guidelines
Authors: Jeffries Erin L. , Hardesty Susan , Scott Nicole P. 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To improve resident knowledge of ergonomics guidelines for surgery, vaginal deliveries and repairs, and documentation.

PROJECT SUMMARY:
We consulted with a licensed occupational therapist at our institution regarding our difficulties with maintaining proper ergonomics while operating, performing deliveries, and documenting. We conducted two separate sessions: one in the obstetrics workroom regarding techniques to improve the ergonomics of our documentation and one in the operating room and labor and delivery unit to address techniques to avoid injury and promote long-term wellness. The sessions were conducted during morning report at our institution, and the obstetrics and gynecology teams attended both sessions. The sessions were available by videoconference for the entire residency program. Handouts were created to present basic ergonomics guidelines and were provided at the conclusion of the sessions. The handouts summarized the information provided during the sessions and included recommendations for adjustments that could be made in the workroom, operating room, and delivery room. The sessions were conducted during ACOG Wellness Week.

OUTCOME:
Adjustments were made in the obstetric and gynecology team workrooms to improve ergonomic function. Sessions improved resident knowledge of ergonomics recommendations for vaginal deliveries. Recommendations included guidelines for arm and shoulder position, tucked chins, and appropriate bed height (sitting vs standing). Adjustments were made in the workroom to position the top of the monitor just below eye level and arm's length away, and chairs were adjusted so that the keyboard and mouse height were just below elbow height. Residents were encouraged to keep arms and wrists in a relaxed, neutral position and to sit all the way back in the chair with back supported and feet firmly on the floor. Residents improved their knowledge of ergonomics guidelines and increased awareness of posture and positioning both on the labor and delivery unit and in the operating room.

RELEVANCE TO WOMEN'S HEALTH OR PHYSICIANS IN PRACTICE:
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent among surgeons and can have a significant effect on productivity and career longevity. If we are able to implement evidence-based guidelines developed by high-quality ergonomics research, we can potentially protect obstetricians and gynecologists from injury and improve overall wellness.
Prevalence, Impact, and Trajectories of Sleep Disturbance in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Tighe Caitlan A. , Buysse Daniel J. , Weiner Debra K. , Beehler Gregory P. , Forman Daniel E. 
Published: May 2022

Objective:
The aim of this review was to summarize literature examining the prevalence, impact, and trajectories of sleep disturbance in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients and discuss how CR programs may incorporate targeted evaluation and interventions to promote sleep health.

Review Methods:
A narrative review of literature allowed for an examination of the prevalence of sleep disturbance in CR patients, the effects of sleep disturbance on CR outcomes, and trajectories of sleep disturbance in CR.

Summary:
Sleep disturbance is prevalent in CR patient populations and is related to clinical and functional outcomes. Sleep may be an important biobehavioral process to target in CR to improve important patient outcomes and achieve secondary prevention goals.
PEELING AND INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE REPOSITION (PAIR) FOR MYOPIC FOVEOSCHISIS
Authors: Chou Hung-Da , Teh Wee Min , Wu Wei-Chi , Hwang Yih-Shiou , Chen Kuan-Jen , Lai Chi-Chun 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
To report the outcomes of the Peeling and Internal Limiting Membrane Reposition (PAIR) technique in myopic foveoschisis.

Methods:
A retrospective case series of eyes with myopic foveoschisis that underwent vitrectomy and PAIR. Visual acuity, fundus photographs, and optical coherence tomography measurements were obtained and analyzed. Data are presented as medians (ranges).

Results:
A total of seven eyes underwent PAIR and were followed up for 339 days (188–436 days). No intraoperative complications were noted. One eye exhibited postoperative macular hole formation, but the hole was healed through fluid–gas exchange. At the last follow-up, the visual acuity had improved from 20/66 (20/332–20/40) to 20/40 (20/100–20/25), and the central foveal thickness had decreased from 576 µm to 269 µm. A repositioned internal limiting membrane (ILM) was observed in six of the eyes, and inner retinal dimples were noted in only two eyes. However, retinal wrinkles under the repositioned or perifoveal ILM were noted in five eyes.

Conclusion:
The PAIR technique relieved traction, restored the ILM, and achieved functional and morphological improvement in eyes with myopic foveoschisis. Limited occurrence of inner retinal dimples and retinal thinning was noted, but retinal wrinkles occurred, likely due to ILM contracture.
The clinical efficacy of integrated care in combination with vasopressin for cardiogenic shock induced by acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Xu Ling , Li Qunxing , Yin Delu , Song Guangyu , Wu Hongyan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background:
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is the most serious complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with high mortality, and the conventional nursing mode can not meet the clinical needs. Studies have shown that integrated care model has advantages for critical and chronic diseases. However, there is no clinical study to evaluate the clinical efficacy of this nursing model on cardiogenic shock induced by acute myocardial infarction (CS-AMI).

Methods:
This is a prospective randomized controlled trial to study the clinical efficacy of integrated care combined with vasopressin in the treatment of CS-AMI. Participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive integrated care combined with vasopressin in the treatment group and conventional care combined with vasopressin in the control group. The patients will be followed up for 3 months after systematic treatment. Observation indicators include: length of hospital stay, quality of life score, blood pressure level, and nursing satisfaction score. Finally, SPASS 20.0 software will be used for statistical analysis of the data.

Discussion:
This study will evaluate the clinical efficacy of integrated nursing combined with vasopressin in the treatment of CS-AMI. The results of this study will provide a reference for selecting appropriate nursing programs for CS-AMI patients.

Trial registration:
OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/K8CN4
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of histone deacetylase inhibitor with novel salicylamide zinc binding group
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Ali Khan Hashim , Oh Yong Jin , Seo Young Ho 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have emerged as important therapeutic targets for various diseases, such as cancer and neurological disorders. Although a majority of HDAC inhibitors use hydroxamic acids as zinc binding groups, hydroxamic acid zinc-binding groups suffer from poor bioavailability and nonspecific metal-binding properties, necessitating a new zinc-binding group. Salicylic acid and its derivatives, well-known for their therapeutic value, have also been reported to chelate zinc ions in a bidentate fashion. This drew our attention towards replacing hydroxamic acid with salicylamide as a zinc-binding group.

Methods:
In this study, for the first time, compound 5 possessing a novel salicylamide zinc-binding group was synthesized and evaluated biologically for its ability to inhibit various HDAC isoforms and induce acetylation upon α-tubulin and histone H3 among MDA-MB-231 cells.

Results:
Compound 5 exhibits selective inhibition against class I HDAC isoforms (HDAC1, 2, and 3) over class II and IV HDAC isoforms (HDAC4, 6, and 11). The exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells to compound 5 efficiently induced the acetylation of more histone H3 than α-tubulin, suggesting that compound 5 is a class I selective HDAC inhibitor. Moreover, the molecular docking study indicated that the salicylamide zinc-binding group of compound 5 coordinates the active zinc ion of class I HDAC2 in a bidentate fashion.

Conclusion:
Overall, salicylamide represents a novel zinc-binding group for the development of class I selective HDAC inhibitors.

Graphical abstract:
(http://links.lww.com/MD/G668)