bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unimodal productivity–biodiversity relationship along the gradient of multidimensional resources across Chinese grasslands
Authors: Wang Yanfen , Du Jianqing , Pang Zhe , Liu Yali , Xue Kai , Hautier Yann , Zhang Biao , Tang Li , Jiang Lili , Ji Baoming , Xu Xingliang , Zhang Jing , Hu Ronghai , Zhou Shutong , Wang Fang , Che Rongxiao , Wang Di , Zhou Chaoting , Cui Xiaoyong , Eisenhauer Nico , Hao Yanbin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Resources can affect plant productivity and biodiversity simultaneously and thus are key drivers of their relationships in addition to plant–plant interactions. However, most previous studies only focused on a single resource while neglecting the nature of resource multidimensionality. Here we integrated four essential resources for plant growth into a single metric of resource diversity (RD) to investigate its effects on the productivity–biodiversity relationship (PBR) across Chinese grasslands. Results showed that habitats differing in RD have different PBRs—positive in low-resource habitats, but neutral in medium- and high-resource ones—while collectively, a weak positive PBR was observed. However, when excluding direct effects of RD on productivity and biodiversity, the PBR in high-resource habitats became negative, which leads to a unimodal instead of a positive PBR along the RD gradient. By integrating resource effects and changing plant–plant interactions into a unified framework with the RD gradient, our work contributes to uncovering underlying mechanisms for inconsistent PBRs at large scales.
Highly crystalline and water-wettable benzobisthiazole-based covalent organic frameworks for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Huang Wei , Hu Yongpan , Qin Zhengyuan , Ji Yujin , Zhao Xuan , Wu Yunling , He Qing , Li Youyong , Zhang Chunfeng , Lu Jun , Li Yanguang 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks are promising for photocatalysis by virtue of their structural and functional diversity, but generally suffer from low activities relative to their inorganic competitors. To fulfill their full potential requires a rational tailoring of their structures at different scales as well as their surface properties. Herein, we demonstrate benzobisthiazole-based covalent organic frameworks as a superior photocatalyst for hydrogen production. The product features high crystallinity with ordered 2.5-nm-wide cylindrical mesopores and great water wettability. These structural advantages afford our polymeric photocatalyst with fast charge carrier dynamics as evidenced by a range of spectroscopic characterizations and excellent catalytic performances when suspended in solution or supported on melamine foams. Under visible-light irradiation, it enables efficient and stable hydrogen evolution with a production rate of 487 μmol h−1 (or a mass-specific rate of 48.7 mmol g−1 h−1)—far superior to the previous state of the art. We also demonstrate that hydrogen production can be stoichiometrically coupled with the oxidation conversion of biomass as exemplified by the conversion of furfuryl alcohol to 2-furaldehyde.
The safety and efficacy of probiotic supplementation for critically ill adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alsuwaylihi Abdulaziz Sulaiman , McCullough Fiona 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Context
The safety and efficacy of probiotics during severe illness has been a subject of ongoing interest. The impact of probiotics can worsen nutritional status, which could potentially result in a deterioration of the patient’s overall life-threatening status.

Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the safety and efficacy of probiotics in reducing intensive care unit (ICU)–acquired infections in adult critically ill patients.

Data Sources
PubMed and Cochrane library databases for the period 2011–2020 were searched.

Data Extraction
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement (PRISMA) methodology was used to search for randomized controlled trials that evaluated the use of probiotics among critically ill patients.

Data Analysis
No significant difference was observed between probiotics and control groups in terms of the mortality rate (risk ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval .82 to 1.55, P = .46). Probiotics, however, provided a significant reduction in ICU-acquired infections (risk ratio .73, 95% confidence interval .58 to .93, P = .01).

Conclusion
The use of probiotics seems to play a role in decreasing the incidence of ICU-acquired infections. Also, a potential reduction in terms of the incidence of diarrhea has been reported, with no examples of adverse incidents, suggesting probiotics are safe.
Effects of creatine supplementation on memory in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Prokopidis Konstantinos , Giannos Panagiotis , Triantafyllidis Konstantinos K , Kechagias Konstantinos S , Forbes Scott C , Candow Darren G 
Published: August 2022

AbstractContextFrom an energy perspective, the brain is very metabolically demanding. It is well documented that creatine plays a key role in brain bioenergetics. There is some evidence that creatine supplementation can augment brain creatine stores, which could increase memory.ObjectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to determine the effects of creatine supplementation on memory performance in healthy humans.Data SourcesThe literature was searched through the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases from inception until September 2021.Data ExtractionTwenty-three eligible RCTs were initially identified. Ten RCTs examining the effect of creatine supplementation compared with placebo on measures of memory in healthy individuals met the inclusion criteria for systematic review, 8 of which were included in the meta-analysis.Data AnalysisOverall, creatine supplementation improved measures of memory compared with placebo (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.29, 95%CI, 0.04–0.53; I2 = 66%; P = 0.02). Subgroup analyses revealed a significant improvement in memory in older adults (66–76 years) (SMD = 0.88; 95%CI, 0.22–1.55; I2 = 83%; P = 0.009) compared with their younger counterparts (11–31 years) (SMD = 0.03; 95%CI, −0.14 to 0.20; I2 = 0%; P = 0.72). Creatine dose (≈ 2.2–20 g/d), duration of intervention (5 days to 24 weeks), sex, or geographical origin did not influence the findings.ConclusionCreatine supplementation enhanced measures of memory performance in healthy individuals, especially in older adults (66–76 years).Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration no. 42021281027.
DLL3 as an Emerging Target for the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Yao James , Bergsland Emily , Aggarwal Rahul , Aparicio Ana , Beltran Himisha , Crabtree Judy S , Hann Christine L , Ibrahim Toni , Byers Lauren A , Sasano Hironobu , Umejiego John , Pavel Marianne 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are heterogeneous malignancies that can arise at almost any anatomical site and are classified as biologically distinct well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). Current systemic therapies for advanced disease, including targeted therapies, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, are associated with limited duration of response. New therapeutic targets are needed. One promising target is delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3), an inhibitory ligand of the Notch receptor whose overexpression on the surface of NEN is associated with tumorigenesis.

Methods
This article is a narrative review that highlights the role of DLL3 in NEN progression and prognosis, the potential for therapeutic targeting of DLL3, and ongoing studies of DLL3-targeting therapies. Classification, incidence, pathogenesis, and current management of NEN are reviewed to provide biological context and illustrate the unmet clinical needs.

Discussion
DLL3 is overexpressed in many NENs, implicated in tumor progression, and is typically associated with poor clinical outcomes, particularly in patients with NEC. Targeted therapies using DLL3 as a homing beacon for cytotoxic activity mediated via several different mechanisms (eg, antibody-drug conjugates, T-cell engager molecules, CAR-Ts) have shown promising clinical activity in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). DLL3 may be a clinically actionable target across NEN.

Conclusions
Current treatment options for NEN do not provide sustained responses. DLL3 is expressed on the cell surface of many NEN types and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Initial clinical studies targeting DLL3 therapeutically in SCLC have been promising, and additional studies are expanding this approach to the broader group of NEN.
Identification of growth regulators using cross-species network analysis in plants
Authors: Curci Pasquale Luca , Zhang Jie , Mähler Niklas , Seyfferth Carolin , Mannapperuma Chanaka , Diels Tim , Van Hautegem Tom , Jonsen David , Street Nathaniel , Hvidsten Torgeir R , Hertzberg Magnus , Nilsson Ove , Inzé Dirk , Nelissen Hilde , Vandepoele Klaas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the need to increase plant productivity, one of the challenges plant scientists are facing is to identify genes that play a role in beneficial plant traits. Moreover, even when such genes are found, it is generally not trivial to transfer this knowledge about gene function across species to identify functional orthologs. Here, we focused on the leaf to study plant growth. First, we built leaf growth transcriptional networks in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), maize (Zea mays), and aspen (Populus tremula). Next, known growth regulators, here defined as genes that when mutated or ectopically expressed alter plant growth, together with cross-species conserved networks, were used as guides to predict novel Arabidopsis growth regulators. Using an in-depth literature screening, 34 out of 100 top predicted growth regulators were confirmed to affect leaf phenotype when mutated or overexpressed and thus represent novel potential growth regulators. Globally, these growth regulators were involved in cell cycle, plant defense responses, gibberellin, auxin, and brassinosteroid signaling. Phenotypic characterization of loss-of-function lines confirmed two predicted growth regulators to be involved in leaf growth (NPF6.4 and LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY2). In conclusion, the presented network approach offers an integrative cross-species strategy to identify genes involved in plant growth and development.
SHOOT MERISTEMLESS participates in the heterophylly of Hygrophila difformis (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Li Gaojie , Yang Jingjing , Chen Yimeng , Zhao Xuyao , Chen Yan , Kimura Seisuke , Hu Shiqi , Hou Hongwei 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In heterophyllous plants, leaf shape shows remarkable plasticity in response to environmental conditions. However, transgenic studies of heterophylly are lacking and the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we cloned the KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX family gene SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) from the heterophyllous plant Hygrophila difformis (Acanthaceae). We used molecular, morphogenetic, and biochemical tools to explore its functions in heterophylly. HdSTM was detected in different organs of H. difformis, and its expression changed with environmental conditions. Heterologous, ectopic expression of HdSTM in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) increased leaf complexity and CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC) transcript levels. However, overexpression of HdSTM in H. difformis did not induce the drastic leaf change in the terrestrial condition. Overexpression of HdSTM in H. difformis induced quick leaf variations in submergence, while knockdown of HdSTM led to disturbed leaf development and weakened heterophylly in H. difformis. HdCUC3 had the same spatiotemporal expression pattern as HdSTM. Biochemical analysis revealed a physical interaction between HdSTM and HdCUC3. Our results provide genetic evidence that HdSTM is involved in regulating heterophylly in H. difformis.
Regulation of multiple dimeric states of E-cadherin by adhesion activating antibodies revealed through Cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography
Authors: Maker Allison , Bolejack Madison , Schecterson Leslayann , Hammerson Brad , Abendroth Jan , Edwards Thomas E , Staker Bart , Myler Peter J , Gumbiner Barry M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
E-cadherin adhesion is regulated at the cell surface, a process that can be replicated by activating antibodies. We use cryo-electron microscopy (EM) and X-ray crystallography to examine functional states of the cadherin adhesive dimer. This dimer is mediated by N-terminal beta strand-swapping involving Trp2, and forms via a different transient X-dimer intermediate. X-dimers are observed in cryo-EM along with monomers and strand-swap dimers, indicating that X-dimers form stable interactions. A novel EC4-mediated dimer was also observed. Activating Fab binding caused no gross structural changes in E-cadherin monomers, but can facilitate strand swapping. Moreover, activating Fab binding is incompatible with the formation of the X-dimer. Both cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography reveal a distinctive twisted strand-swap dimer conformation caused by an outward shift in the N-terminal beta strand that may represent a strengthened state. Thus, regulation of adhesion involves changes in cadherin dimer configurations.
Totally disconnected semigroup compactifications of topological groups
Authors: Stephens Alexander , Stokke Ross 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe introduce the notion of an introverted Boolean algebra $\mathcal{B}$ of closed-and-open subsets of a topological group G, show that the associated Stone space $(\nu_{\mathcal{B}} G, \nu_{\mathcal{B}})$ is a totally disconnected semigroup compactification of G and show that every totally disconnected semigroup compactification of G takes this form. We identify and study the universal totally disconnected semigroup compactification, the universal totally disconnected semitopological semigroup compactification and the universal totally disconnected group compactification of G. Our main results are obtained independently of Gelfand theory and well-known properties of the (typically non-totally disconnected) universal compactifications GLUC, GW AP and GAP, although we do employ Gelfand theory to clarify the relationship between these familiar universal compactifications and their totally disconnected counterparts.
Managerial Entrenchment and the Market for Talent
Authors: Feriozzi Fabio 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper studies how the nature of managerial skills affects firms’ governance decisions. As required skills shift from firm specific toward more general abilities, replacing an underperforming CEO with an outside hire becomes more profitable for shareholders. Therefore, firms adopt stronger governance arrangements to limit the entrenchment of incumbent CEOs and exploit the improved opportunities offered by the market for talent. The analysis rationalizes the observed trend toward stronger corporate governance and offers novel empirical predictions concerning the relationship between managerial entrenchment, firm size, and the nature of managerial skills. (JEL D83, D86, G34)
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Sleep spindle alterations relate to working memory deficits in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis
Authors: Mayeli Ahmad , Wilson James D , Donati Francesco L , LaGoy Alice D , Ferrarelli Fabio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesSleep spindles are waxing and waning EEG waves exemplifying the main fast oscillatory activity occurring during NREM sleep. Several recent studies have established that sleep spindle abnormalities are present in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, including in early-course and first-episode patients, and those spindle deficits are associated with some of the cognitive impairments commonly observed in these patients. Cognitive deficits are often observed before the onset of psychosis and seem to predict poor functional outcomes in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR). Yet, the presence of spindle abnormalities and their relationship with cognitive dysfunction has not been investigated in CHR.MethodsIn this study, overnight high-density (hd)-EEG recordings were collected in 24 CHR and 24 healthy control (HC) subjects. Spindle density, duration, amplitude, and frequency were computed and compared between CHR and HC. Furthermore, WM was assessed for both HC and CHR, and its relationship with spindle parameters was examined.ResultsCHR had reduced spindle duration in centro-parietal and prefrontal regions, with the largest decrease in the right prefrontal area. Moderation analysis showed that the relation between spindle duration and spindle frequency was altered in CHR relative to HC. Furthermore, CHR had reduced WM performance compared to HC, which was predicted by spindle frequency, whereas in HC spindle frequency, duration, and density all predicted working memory performance.ConclusionAltogether, these findings indicate that sleep spindles are altered in CHR individuals, and spindle alterations are associated with their cognitive deficits, thus representing a sleep-specific putative neurophysiological biomarker of cognitive dysfunction in psychosis risk.
Cytokine Mixtures Mimicking the Local Milieu in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Impact Phenotype and Function of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Barnhoorn Marieke C , van der Meulen-de Jong Andrea E , Schrama Ellen C L M , Plug Leonie G , Verspaget Hein W , Fibbe Willem E , van Pel Melissa , Hawinkels Lukas J A C , Schepers Koen 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Locally applied mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to promote the healing of perianal fistulas in Crohn’s disease (CD) and are under clinical development for the treatment of proctitis in ulcerative colitis (UC). Despite these clinical advances, the mechanism of action of local MSC therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is largely unknown. We hypothesized that the local cytokine environment in IBD patients affects the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs. To evaluate this, 11 cytokines were analyzed in inflamed tissues obtained from CD and UC patients. Based on the identified cytokine profiles 4 distinct cytokine mixtures that mimic various inflammatory IBD environments were established. Next, MSCs were cultured in the presence of either of these 4 cytokine mixtures after which the expression of immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative molecules and the capacity of MSCs to modulate T-cell proliferation and dendritic cell (DC) differentiation were assessed. Our data show that MSCs respond, in a cytokine-specific manner, by upregulation of immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative molecules, including cyclooxygenase-2, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and transforming growth factor-β1. Functional studies indicate that MSCs exposed to a cytokine profile mimicking one of the 2 UC cytokine milieus were less effective in inhibition of DC differentiation. In conclusion, our data indicate that cytokine mixes mimicking the local cytokine milieus of inflamed UC colonic or CD fistulas tissues can differentially affect the immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative characteristics of MSCs. These data support the hypothesis that the local intestinal cytokine milieu serves as a critical factor in the efficacy of local MSC treatment.
Nebulized Salbutamol with or without Magnesium Sulphate in the Management of Acute Asthma in Children in India: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Siddiqui Harun , Siddiqui Shahid Akhtar , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Singh Mukesh Vir , Kumar Dinesh , Kumar Durgesh , Singh Dinesh Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
There is inconclusive evidence on the role of nebulized magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) in the management of acute asthma in paediatric population.

Objectives
Whether the use of nebulized salbutamol with or without MgSO4 in the management of acute asthma results in clinically significant improvement in lung function in Indian children? The primary outcome measure was to assess improvements in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), heart rate, respiratory rate and SpO2.

Methods
This was a single centre; prospective double-blind randomized control trial conducted in paediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care centre. Ninety children of 6–14 years with acute exacerbations of bronchial asthma were enrolled to receive either inhaled magnesium sulphate (95 mg) with salbutamol (5 mg) or inhaled salbutamol (5 mg) alone. All patients got three nebulizations done during the first hour at 20 min intervals, two nebulizations during the second hour at 30 min intervals, hourly for the next 2 h and then at 24 and 48 h.

Results
Eighty-five patients were finally analysed as per protocol analysis. The trial showed that PEFR increased gradually in both groups over the study duration, but it was statistically not significant. Heart rate decreased significantly in both groups over the study duration. Respiratory rate decreased significantly between the groups at 24 and 48 h only. SpO2 improved too in both groups but was not significant statistically.

Conclusion
The addition of nebulized MgSO4 to salbutamol does not seem to result in improvement in lung function in the management of acute asthma in Indian children.
Physicochemical Space of Synthetic and Natural Pesticides – A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dubey Sylvain , Guignard Florian , Gaume Alain , Gindro Katia , Schnee Sylvain , Joz-Roland Mathis , Broennimann Olivier , Dubey Olga 
Published: August 2022

The first commercial use of synthetic pesticides for crop protection dates back to the 1940s, followed by a fast spread of their use and the development of a large number of compounds. In contrast to synthetic pesticides that are now designed with the help of artificial intelligence, which includes computational science and combinatorial chemistry, natural pesticides are the results of long evolutionary processes involving specific host-pathogen, predator-prey, and competitor interactions. For these reasons, natural pesticides are often more specific and less harmful to the environment. Natural pesticides are very diverse and can be found in various living organisms. In the present study, we investigated differences in the physicochemical space occupied by synthetic and natural pesticides. In this respect, we measured the mean and breadth of synthetic and natural pesticides, as well as the overlap between these groups in a reduced physicochemical space derived from a set of 44 physicochemical variables. We showed that physicochemical space strongly differs between synthetic and natural pesticides and could be determined with 93 to 100% certainty, a result comparable to differences observed in drugs. Importantly, the physicochemical space occupied by synthetic pesticides was 2.6-fold smaller than that of natural pesticides, and toxicity potential was lower in the latter. In conclusion, our work showed that the design of commercialized synthetic pesticides is underexploiting the possible physicochemical space of known natural pesticides, likely due to specific constraints. Such limitations should trigger the development of efficient natural pesticides, avoiding as much as possible detrimental effects on nontarget organisms. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .