bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type S Non‐Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases for the Rapid Generation of Tailormade Peptide Libraries**
Authors: Abbood Nadya , Duy Vo Tien , Watzel Jonas , Bozhueyuek Kenan A. J. , Bode Helge B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBacterial natural products in general, and non‐ribosomally synthesized peptides in particular, are structurally diverse and provide us with a broad range of pharmaceutically relevant bioactivities. Yet, traditional natural product research suffers from rediscovering the same scaffolds and has been stigmatized as inefficient, time‐, labour‐ and cost‐intensive. Combinatorial chemistry, on the other hand, can produce new molecules in greater numbers, cheaper and in less time than traditional natural product discovery, but also fails to meet current medical needs due to the limited biologically relevant chemical space that can be addressed. Consequently, methods for the high throughput generation of new natural products would offer a new approach to identifying novel bioactive chemical entities for the hit to lead phase of drug discovery programs. As a follow‐up to our previously published proof‐of‐principle study on generating bipartite type S non‐ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), we now envisaged the de novo generation of non‐ribosomal peptides (NRPs) on an unreached scale. Using synthetic zippers, we split NRPSs in up to three subunits and rapidly generated different bi‐ and tripartite NRPS libraries to produce 49 peptides, peptide derivatives, and de novo peptides at good titres up to 145 mg L−1. A further advantage of type S NRPSs not only is the possibility to easily expand the created libraries by re‐using previously created type S NRPS, but that functions of individual domains as well as domain‐domain interactions can be studied and assigned rapidly.
In Vitro Anticancer Ability of Nano Fluorescent 111In‐MIL‐68/PEG‐FA on Hela Cells
Authors: Liang Ranxi , Liao Zhonghui , Li Feize , Ma Huan , Liu Weihao , Chen Xijian , Lan Tu , Yang Yuanyou , Liao Jiali , Yang Jijun , Liu Ning 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn past decades, nanoscale metal‐organic frameworks (NMOFs) have drawn more and more attention in multimodal imaging and targeting therapy of various malignant cancers. Here, we proposed to dope 111In into fluorescent In‐based NMOFs (In‐MIL‐68‐NH2), with an attempt to prepare a new nanomedicine with great anticancer potential. As a proof of concept, the obtained NMOF (In‐MIL‐68/PEG‐FA) with targeting motifs is able to act as a fluorescent probe to achieve Hela cell imaging. Moreover, the Auger electron emitter 111In built in corresponding radioactive NMOF (111In‐MIL‐68/PEG‐FA) can bring clear damage to cancer cells, leading to a high cell killing rate of 59.3 % within 48 h. In addition, the cell cycle presented a significant dose‐dependent G2/M inhibiting mode, which indicates that 111In‐MIL‐68/PEG‐FA has the ability to facilitate the cancer cells to enter apoptotic program. This work demonstrated the potential of 111In‐labelled NMOFs in specific killings of cancer cells, providing a new approach to develop nanomedicines with theranostic function.
Privacy information antistealing control method of medical system based on cloud computing
Authors: Yao Yao , Wang Zhanhong 
Published: February 2022

SummaryWith the development of cloud computing, the security of information has gradually become the focus of people. The patient information processed by the medical system has a very high sensitivity and privacy. If there is a leak, it will have a great impact on the patients. The purpose of this study is to explore the privacy information antistealing control method of medical system based on cloud computing. In this paper, through big data analysis, experimental research, variable comparison, and other methods, combined with modern security management means, we carry out the algorithm experiment and research on the privacy information antistealing control means. The result is that the running time of the three algorithms is 18, 16, and 10 s in turn when the algorithm runs 1000 times. It can be seen that the operation time of the enhanced encryption algorithm in this study is less than the initial algorithm by 8 s, the speed is increased by more than 40%. The conclusion is to improve the efficiency of data computing time and make the encryption process more efficient and accurate. The privacy data protection of medical system plays a good role.
Hypotheses and lessons from a native moth outbreak in a low‐diversity, tropical rainforest
Authors: Banko Paul C. , Peck Robert W. , Yelenik Stephanie G. , Paxton Eben H. , Bonaccorso Frank , Montoya‐Aiona Kristina , Hughes R. Flint , Perakis Steven 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOutbreaks of defoliating insects in low‐diversity tropical forests occur infrequently but provide valuable insights about outbreak ecology in temperate environments and in general. We investigated an extensive outbreak of the endemic koa moth (Scotorythra paludicola), which defoliated endemic koa trees (Acacia koa) over a third of their range on Hawai‘i Island during 2013 and 2014. At Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, we observed the dynamics of the outbreak and its effects on host trees, nutrient cycling, and insectivorous consumers in reforestation stands of densely planted koa and in natural forest stands of mixed koa and ‘ōhi‘a (Metrosideros polymorpha). Contrary to predictions of the resource concentration hypothesis, caterpillar biomass and defoliation severity were greater in the natural forest sites, where koa density was relatively low. Caterpillars preferentially consumed the most palatable koa foliage type (phyllodes), and koa initially refoliated with the least palatable foliage type (true leaves). Lightly defoliated small trees refoliated more quickly than did heavily defoliated ones but the opposite was true for large trees, which also produced a greater proportion of phyllodes. Mortality was greatest for heavily defoliated small koa. Caterpillar frass caused larger increases in soil nitrogen (N) than phosphorus (P) availability, with the greatest N increases in fine‐textured soils. Foliar N increased in alien grasses under koa canopies compared to grasses away from koa and to native woody understory species. Bird activity was influenced by ‘ōhi‘a flower abundance and the severity of koa defoliation; birds switched to outbreaking caterpillar prey, and they gained weight during the outbreak. Bat foraging times decreased during the outbreak, apparently because they became satiated quickly each night. Parasitoid wasps increased with caterpillar abundance but had little influence on outbreak dynamics. Reducing alien grass cover and increasing tree diversity would likely reduce the impacts of insect outbreaks and similar perturbations to native forests.
Adsorption of Copper Ions onto Poly(1,8‐diaminonaphthalene)/Graphene Film for Voltammetric Determination of Pyridoxine
Authors: Vu Trong V. , Nguyen Mai T. T. , Do Thuy T. , Nguyen Huy L. , Nguyen Vân‐Anh , Nguyen Dzung T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this work, pyridoxine (vitamin B6) was determined by the square wave voltammetry at copper‐poly(1,8‐diaminonaphthalene)/graphene modified glassy carbon electrode. The composite electrodes were fabricated with two steps. First, poly(1,8‐diaminonaphthalene) is electrodeposited onto graphene/glassy carbon electrodes with a potential cycling technique. Then, copper ions are adsorbed onto the poly(1,8‐diaminonaphthalene)/graphene modified glassy carbon electrode due to the immersion of the polymeric modified electrode in an aqueous copper (II) solution. The characterizations of synthesized materials have shown the role of graphene in facilitating the electron transfer and the remarkably electrocatalytic ability of copper for pyridoxine oxidation on the electrode surface. In 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4), the peak current of square wave voltammograms of pyridoxine increased linearly with their concentration in the ranges between 0.58 and 24.51 μM with the limit of detection of 0.3 μM. The proposed electrodes showed excellent reproducibility and stability.
The NLRP3 inflammasome modulates tau pathology and neurodegeneration in a tauopathy model
Authors: Stancu Ilie Cosmin , Lodder Chritica , Botella Lucena Pablo , Vanherle Sarah , Gutiérrez de Ravé Manuel , Terwel Dick , Bottelbergs Astrid , Dewachter Ilse 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn active role of neuroinflammation and the NLRP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies is increasingly identified, supporting NLRP3 as an interesting therapeutic target. However, its effect on tau‐associated neurodegeneration, a key‐process in tauopathies, remains unknown. While tau pathology and neurodegeneration are closely correlated, different tau forms may act as culprits in both characteristics and NLRP3‐dependent microglial processes may differently affect both processes, indicating the need to study the role of NLRP3 in both processes concomitantly. To study the role of NLRP3 on tau pathology, prion‐like propagation and tau‐associated neurodegeneration we generated crosses of NLRP3 deficient mice with tauP301S (PS19) transgenic mice. In this model we studied non‐seeded tau pathology and hippocampal atrophy, reminiscent characteristics of tauopathies. Tau pathology in hippocampus and cortex was significantly decreased in tau.NLRP3−/− versus tau.NLRP3+/+ mice. Importantly, tau.NLRP3−/− mice also displayed significantly decreased hippocampal atrophy, indicating a role of NLRP3 in neurodegeneration. We furthermore assessed the effect of NLRP3 deficiency on tau propagation and associated hippocampal atrophy. NLRP3 deficiency significantly decreased prion‐like seeding and propagation of tau pathology, reflected in decreased tau pathology in ipsi‐ and contralateral hippocampus and cortex in tau.NLRP3−/− following tau seeding. Most importantly, hippocampal atrophy was significantly less in tau‐seeded tau.NLRP3−/− mice at 8 months. We here demonstrate for the first time that NLRP3 activation affects tau‐associated neurodegeneration and seeded and non‐seeded tau pathology, hence affecting key molecular processes in tauopathies. Our data thereby provide key‐information in the validation of NLRP3 inflammasome as therapeutic target for AD and related tauopathies.
Elevated levels of C3, C4, and CH50 of the complement system in ICU and non‐ICU patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Bagherimoghaddam Ahmad , Rafatpanah Houshang , Mansouritorghabeh Hassan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeSARS‐CoV‐2 infection has spread in each corner of the world. Many health systems have dealt with it intensively. The complement system is an instrumental component in the inflammatory immune response and plays a role in the activation of blood coagulation. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 is still limited but is constantly expanding. This study aimed to determine changes in the complement system in intensive care unit (ICU) and non‐ICU patients with COVID‐19.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, plasma levels of C3, C4, and CH50 were determined in two groups of ICU and non‐ICU patients with COVID‐19 to understand the potential effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on the innate immune system. The assays of C3 and C4 were conducted using turbidimetry method. The CH50 test was conducted using the functional method.ResultsThe present study revealed that the C3, C4, and CH50 plasma levels were 142.48 ± 30.38 mg/dL, 32.58 ± 8.78 mg/dL, and 61.74 ± 19.54%, respectively. These results indicate high levels of complement components C3 and C4 and complement function (CH50) in patients with COVID‐19 than normal ranges. Plasma levels of C3, C4, and CH50 were higher in ICU patients than in non‐ICU COVID‐19 groups.ConclusionThese results indicate that the innate immune system was activated in both ICU and non‐ICU patients in response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Further studies with a larger number of COVID‐19 patients and additional testing of complement components (C3a and C5a) may reveal the role of COVID‐19 infection in the activation of the complement system.
Effect of magnetic field on the thermal performance of a ferrofluid‐based solar flat plate collector
Authors: Asfer Mohammed , Alatyan Atyan , Singh Danvendra , Haweel Mohammad T. , Mehta Balkrishna 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the effectiveness of ferrofluid as a working fluid for solar flat plate collectors (FPCs) is studied. A mini‐ferrofluid‐based solar FPC is designed and tested under laboratory conditions. The thermal performance of the designed solar FPC is evaluated under different conditions and it is observed that it provides higher efficiency for the case of ferrofluid in the presence of a magnetic field. The thermal efficiency is observed to increase by 54% for ferrofluid in presence of a magnetic field as compared to no magnetic field. The thermal efficiency is observed to increase further with the increase in the magnetic field. The increase in thermal efficiency is attributed to the combined effects of higher thermal conductivity and magnetohydrodynamics of ferrofluid, which result in higher convective heat transfer from the riser tube walls into ferrofluid. The higher heat transfer for ferrofluid with a magnetic field is established by calculating the Nusselt number numerically using COMSOL. Simulation results show an increase in Nusselt number for ferrofluid with magnetic field and hence higher thermal efficiency for the solar FPC. The designed FPC provides simple modifications to conventional FPCs to use ferrofluid with magnetic field for higher thermal efficiencies.
The potential implications of estrogenic and antioxidant‐dependent activities of high doses of methyl paraben on MCF7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Elsehly Wafaa M. , Mourad Ghada M. , Mehanna Radwa A. , Kholief Marwa A. , El‐Nikhely Nefertiti A. , Awaad Ashraf K. , Attia MennattAllah H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMethyl paraben (MP) is an endocrine‐disrupting compound that possesses estrogenic properties and contributes to an aberrant burden of estrogen signaling in the human breast and subsequently increasing the risks for the development of breast cancer. The exact exposure, as well as the safe concentrations, are variable among daily products. The present study addresses the effects of exposure to escalated concentrations of MP on the proliferation of MCF‐7 breast cancer cells in addition to exploring its other mechanisms of action. The study involved exposure of cultured MCF‐7 breast cancer cells to seven MP concentrations, ranging from 40 to 800 µM for 5 days. Cell viability, apoptosis, and proliferation were respectively assessed using crystal violet test, flow cytometric analysis, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction for Ki‐67 expression. The estradiol (E2) secretion and oxidative stress were also assessed and analyzed in correlation to MP's proliferation and cytotoxicity potentials. The results showed that the maximum proliferative concentration of MP was 800 µM. At a concentration of 40 μM and higher, MP induced increased expression of Ki‐67, denoting enhanced proliferation of the cells in monolayer culture. A positive correlation between the detrimental oxidative stress effect of MP's tested concentrations, cell proliferation, and viability was demonstrated (p < 0.05). Our results indicated that MP at high doses induced sustained cell proliferation due to E2 secretion as well as its antioxidant activity. Accordingly, it was concluded that high and unpredicted exposure to MP might carry a carcinogenic hazard on estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer cells.
Polydatin combats methotrexate‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats: Involvement of biochemical and histopathological assessment
Authors: Ali Yomna A. , Ahmed Amany A. E. , Abd El‐Raouf Ola M. , Elkhoely Abeer , Gad Amany M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPolydatin (PD) is a polyphenolic compound found naturally in many fruits such as grapes. It has anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities that are of paramount importance for its pharmacological actions. This study aimed to explore possible protective effects of PD against methotrexate (MTX)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. A single oral dose of MTX (14 mg/kg) per week for 2 weeks caused a significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) content with a marked increase in transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), pulmonary content of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), Hydroxyproline, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), and 8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) as compared with the control group. Contrarily, daily administration of PD (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days concomitantly with MTX ameliorated MTX‐induced pulmonary fibrosis as indicated by mitigation of the previously mentioned biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in a dose‐dependent manner. In conclusion, the protective effect of PD against pulmonary fibrosis induced by MTX in rats might be attributed to its anti‐oxidant, anti‐inflammatory as well as anti‐fibrotic effects.
Calcium fructoborate regulate colon cancer (Caco‐2) cytotoxicity through modulation of apoptosis
Authors: Kisacam Mehmet A. , Ambarcioglu Pinar , Yakan Akin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSugar‐borate esters have recently been reported to have anti‐cancer potential. Among the sugar‐borate esters, calcium fructoborate (CaFB) possesses beneficial effects on human health. Despite the beneficial effects of CaFB, there is a lack of knowledge about their mode of action in cancer. The potential cytotoxic effects of CaFB were investigated on colon cancer cells (Caco‐2). The mode of action was determined through the evaluation of Fyn and Hck expression levels together with Bcl‐2, Bax, and PI3K/Akt pathway proteins. CaFB treatment was found to be most effective on Caco‐2 cells at 10 mM concentration for 24 h. Decreased Bcl‐2 levels and increased Bax levels at 10 mM were evaluated as an indicator of apoptotic effects of CaFB. Akt, p70S6K, and 4EBP1 levels, in general, tend to decrease following CaFB, while PTEN and TSC2 levels have been found to increase. Furthermore, CaFB upregulated Hck expression and downregulated Fyn expression. In conclusion, our results indicated that CaFB treatment at 10 mM concentration, the IC50 dose found in our study, might prevent colon cancer cell proliferation both by inducing apoptosis and presumably by activating autophagy.
3‐Hydroxyisobutyric acid dehydrogenase deficiency: Expanding the clinical spectrum and quantitation of D‐ and L‐3‐Hydroxyisobutyric acid by an LC–MS/MS method
Authors: Sasarman Florin , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Sinasac David S. , Fung Ernest , Sparkes Rebecca , Reeves Melanie , Rombough Catherine , Sass Jörn Oliver , Voit Renate , Ruiter Jos P. N. , Koster Janet , Waterham Hans R. , Pasquini Elisabetta , Donati Maria A. , Marquardt Thorsten , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Al‐Hertani Walla 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA deficiency of 3‐hydroxyisobutyric acid dehydrogenase (HIBADH) has been recently identified as a cause of primary 3‐hydroxyisobutyric aciduria in two siblings; the only previously recognized primary cause had been a deficiency of methylmalonic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme that is immediately downstream of HIBADH in the valine catabolic pathway and is encoded by the ALDH6A1 gene. Here we report on three additional patients from two unrelated families who present with marked and persistent elevations of urine L‐3‐hydroxyisobutyric acid (L‐3HIBA) and a range of clinical findings. Molecular genetic analyses revealed novel, homozygous variants in the HIBADH gene that are private within each family. Evidence for pathogenicity of the identified variants is presented, including enzymatic deficiency of HIBADH in patient fibroblasts. This report describes new variants in HIBADH as an underlying cause of primary 3‐hydroxyisobutyric aciduria and expands the clinical spectrum of this recently identified inborn error of valine metabolism. Additionally, we describe a quantitative method for the measurement of D‐ and L‐3HIBA in plasma and urine and present the results of a valine restriction therapy in one of the patients.
Susceptibility of structural steel to liquid metal embrittlement during hot‐dip galvanizing in zinc 5 %‐aluminum alloy
Authors: Pinger T. , Schäfer D. , Geßler A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe phenomenon of liquid metal embrittlement has been known in the field of batch hot‐dip galvanizing for decades. With the increasing use of zinc alloys with higher content of aluminum, the question arises regarding the specific liquid metal embrittlement effects of such alloys on structural steels. The influence of a zinc 5 %‐aluminum alloy during galvanizing on structural steel grades S355 and S700 was investigated and compared with the results obtained in a conventional pure zinc melt. Furthermore, the effect of the low‐melting alloying element tin in both the zinc 5 %‐aluminum and zinc alloys was investigated. Specimens were prepared and mechanically loaded during immersion in a liquid zinc alloy. The tests revealed the consistently ductile behavior of S355 steel without any cracking or reduction of the strain capacity under the influence of liquid zinc 5 %‐aluminum alloy and pure zinc. Steel grade S700 shows reduced deformability in zinc 5 %‐aluminum alloy but better behavior in comparison to that in pure zinc. Upon the addition of tin, the zinc 5 %‐aluminum alloy behaves very positively with no reduction in the ductility of the steel, whereas the same addition in pure zinc leads to a drastic drop in ductility.
Exact gram filtering and efficient backprojection for iterative CT reconstruction
Authors: Shu Ziyu , Entezari Alireza 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeForward and backprojections are the basis of all model‐based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) methods. However, computing these accurately is time‐consuming. In this paper, we present a method for MBIR in parallel X‐ray beam geometry that utilizes a Gram filter to efficiently implement forward and backprojection.MethodsWe propose using voxel‐basis and modeling its footprint in a box spline framework to calculate the Gram filter exactly and improve the performance of backprojection. In the special case of parallel X‐ray beam geometry, the forward and backprojection can be implemented by an estimated Gram filter efficiently if the sinogram signal is bandlimited. In this paper, a specialized sinogram interpolation method is proposed to eliminate the bandlimited prerequisite and thus improve the reconstruction accuracy. We build on this idea by utilizing the continuity of the voxel‐basis' footprint, which provides a more accurate sinogram interpolation and further improves the efficiency and quality of backprojection. In addition, the detector blur effect can be efficiently accounted for in our method to better handle realistic scenarios.ResultsThe proposed method is tested on both phantom and real computed tomography (CT) images under different resolutions, sinogram sampling steps, and noise levels. The proposed method consistently outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art projection models in terms of speed and accuracy for both backprojection and reconstruction.ConclusionsWe proposed a iterative reconstruction methodology for 3D parallel‐beam X‐ray CT reconstruction. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methodology is accurate, fast, and reproducible, and outperforms alternative state‐of‐the‐art projection models on both backprojection and reconstruction results significantly.