bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Credit spreads in the European green bond market: A daily analysis of the COVID‐19 pandemic impact
Authors: Cicchiello Antonella Francesca , Cotugno Matteo , Monferrà Stefano , Perdichizzi Salvatore 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFinancial crises and economic downturns provide a unique opportunity to investigate the behavior of investors and financial instruments and shed light in the market's anticipation of future economic growth. In view of the current crisis, we examine how the COVID‐19 pandemic affected the European green bond market. Using daily data from Thomson Reuter's Refinitiv, we conducted event studies on corporate credit spread changes over the period from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Our results reveal that green bonds' credit spreads increased significantly after the start of the coronavirus outbreak. However, as the fear of the pandemic eased in response to positive news about the vaccines, green bonds' credit spreads fell below conventional bonds. Overall, green bonds showed a higher risk exposure and lower resilience to distress while profiting during an upside. Our paper provides the first evidence about the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the announcement of vaccines' effectiveness on the European corporate green bond market. Our results suggest several key points that are relevant to both investors and issuers under the unprecedented conditions created by the pandemic.
Effects of vegetation on soil cyanobacterial communities through time and space
Authors: Cano‐Díaz Concha , Maestre Fernando T. , Wang Juntao , Li Jing , Singh Brajesh K. , Ochoa Victoria , Gozalo Beatriz , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Photoautotrophic soil cyanobacteria play essential ecological roles and are known to exhibit large changes in their diversity and abundance throughout early succession. However, much less is known about how and why soil cyanobacterial communities change as soil develops over centuries and millennia, and the effects that vegetation have on such communities.

We combined an extensive field survey, including 16 global soil chronosequences across contrasting ecosystems (from deserts to tropical forests), with molecular analyses to investigate how the diversity and abundance of photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic soil cyanobacteria are affected by vegetation change during soil development, over time periods from hundreds to thousands of years.

We show that, in most chronosequences, the abundance, species richness and community composition of soil cyanobacteria are relatively stable as soil develops (from centuries to millennia). Regardless of soil age, forest chronosequences were consistently dominated by nonphotosynthetic cyanobacteria (Vampirovibrionia), while grasslands and shrublands were dominated by photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Chronosequences undergoing drastic vegetation shifts (e.g. transitions from grasslands to forests) experienced significant changes in the composition of soil cyanobacterial communities.

Our results advance our understanding of the ecology of cyanobacterial classes, and of the understudied nonphotosynthetic cyanobacteria in particular, and highlight the key role of vegetation as a major driver of their temporal dynamics as soil develops.
Does Aid for Malaria Increase with Exposure to Malaria Risk? Evidence from Mining Sites in the D.R.Congo*
Authors: Lordemus Samuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractI examine the ability of donors to target the highest exposure to malaria risk when the health information structure is fragmented. I exploit local variations in the risk of malaria transmission induced by mining activities in the Democratic Republic of Congo as well as financial and epidemiological data from health facilities to estimate how local aid is matching the local malaria burden. Using fine‐grained data on mines and health infrastructure in a regression discontinuity design, I find no evidence that local populations exposed to the highest risk of malaria transmission receive a proportionately higher share of aid compared to neighbouring areas with reduced exposure to malaria risk.
Insulin‐like growth factor II‐producing colonic carcinoma presenting with non‐islet cell tumor hypoglycemia: An autopsy report revealing neuroendocrine differentiation in the metastatic foci and literature review
Authors: Kondo Shiori , Hashimoto Hirotsugu , Nakajima Kentaro , Miura Sakiko , Sakuma Jun , Fukuda Izumi , Noie Tamaki , Morikawa Teppei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNon‐islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) is a very rare symptom of severe hypoglycemia associated with extrapancreatic tumors. It is considered to be caused by insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐II. There have been no autopsy cases of colorectal carcinoma with NICTH confirmed with both serum high molecular weight and tumoral IGF‐II. We report the case of a 46‐year‐old woman with advanced sigmoid colon cancer and liver metastases. She underwent open sigmoidectomy, and histologically, the lesion was a differentiated‐type tubular adenocarcinoma. Postoperative chemotherapy was initiated. However, she experienced repeated hypoglycemia attacks 10 months after the operation, while the liver metastases increased. We examined the cause of hypoglycemia, and finally diagnosed her with NICTH associated with high molecular weight IGF‐II production, which was proven by Western immunoblot of the serum. She died 12 months after surgery and was examined by autopsy. Liver metastases showed a transition from adenocarcinoma to carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. Immunohistochemistry showed that both metastatic carcinoma of the liver and primary colonic adenocarcinoma were positive for IGF‐II. Neuroendocrine differentiation in liver metastases proven by an autopsy may have contributed to tumor growth, which may have exacerbated the symptoms.
Design-by-Analogy: Effects of Exploration-Based Approach on Analogical Retrievals and Design Outcomes
Authors: Song Hyeonik , Fu Katherine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents VISION (Visual Interaction tool for Seeking Inspiration based on Nonnegative Matrix Factorization), a computational design-by-analogy (DbA) tool that enables designers to visually explore a space of analogical inspiration for creative idea generation. While many currently available DbA tools use a query-based approach for retrieving analogies (i.e., input keywords or functions to return a set of relevant results), VISION allows designers to retrieve a collection of design analogies that are related to topics of interest and explore a space of potential inspiration, the way one would gather books of particular topics from multiple shelves at the library to find potential resources. Two cognitive engineering design studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of VISION during the conceptual design process. In the first study, conducted in a controlled-lab setting, VISION was evaluated based on its effect on the quantity, quality, novelty, and direct physical similarity ratings of design outcomes. In the second study, conducted in a graduate engineering design class, VISION was evaluated based on designers’ abilities to retrieve analogies from different domains and analogies that are different from already existing design solutions. Studies show that VISION could provide an alternative to the query-based search that many DbA computational support systems use and open up new opportunities for designers to benefit from computationally supported analogies.
Common health issues and advised treatments reported in an ultraendurance ocean rowing race
Authors: Galsworthy William J H , Carr James A J , Hearn Russell 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesOcean rowing is an extreme ultraendurance sport where individuals row unsupported across an ocean. This can mean months at sea in unpredictable and inhospitable conditions. The extreme physical and mental demands associated mean medical issues are common yet under researched, impacting the medical assistance provided.MethodsThe Talisker Whisky Atlantic Challenge provides a framework with safety protocols to create safer environments for athletes to attempt transatlantic crossings. Race logs, which record communication between rowers and safety teams, were anonymised and examined to create cumulative totals of medical issues requiring help and an incident timeline.ResultsDuty officers were notified of 65 medical complaints, 32% (n=21) requiring race doctors. Dermatological conditions were most common, accounting for 32% of complaints (n=21) and affecting 24% of rowers. Pressure sores and infections represented 43% and 38% of dermatological complaints respectively. Musculoskeletal injuries equalled 18% (n=12) of complaints, affecting 20% of rowers. Most cases were reported in weeks one and three, with 37% (n=24) of issues and 90% (n=10) of seasickness cases in week one. Hygiene and antibiotics were frequently advised management options.ConclusionConditions requiring race doctor input represent the most severe cases with the potential to deteriorate. Managing dermatological and musculoskeletal issues is vital throughout the race, while seasickness prophylaxis and education is essential in initial race stages. Infections are cause for concern, with gluteal pressure sores a potential route for secondary infections. Further research is required before evidence-based guidelines for management of health issues in ocean rowers can be introduced.
Intermediate monocytes induced by IFN-γ inhibit cancer metastasis by promoting NK cell activation through FOXO1 and interleukin-27
Authors: Wang Rikang , Bao Weili , Pal Mouli , Liu Yunfeng , Yazdanbakhsh Karina , Zhong Hui 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundCirculating monocytes are functionally heterogeneous and can be divided into classical (CMo), intermediate (IMo), and non-CMo/patrolling monocyte (PMo) subsets. CMo can differentiate into PMo through IMo. PMos have been shown to inhibit cancer metastasis but the role of IMo is unclear. To date, no strategy has been developed to inhibit cancer metastasis through enhancing PMo/IMo differentiation.MethodsWe screened multiple inflammatory cytokines/chemokines activity of modulating PMo/IMo associated cell markers expression using human monocyte in vitro culture system. We tested our candidate cytokine activity in vivo using multiple mice models. We identified critical key factors and cytokines for our candidate cytokine activity by using gene-knockout mice and neutralization antibodies.ResultsWe identified IFN-γ as a candidate inflammatory cytokine in the regulation of human IMo/PMo marker expression. Our in vivo data demonstrated that IMo expansion was induced by short-term (3 days) IFN-γ treatment through increasing CMo-IMo differentiation and blocking IMo-PMo differentiation. The IMo induced by IFN-γ (IFN-IMo), but not IFN-γ activated CMo (IFN-CMo), inhibited cancer metastasis by 90%. Surprizing, the effect of IFN-γ is greater in PMo deficiency mice, indicating the effect of IFN-IMo is not mediated through further differentiation into PMo. We also found that IFN-IMos induced by short-term IFN-γ treatment robustly boosted NK cell expansion for threefold and promoted NK differentiation and function through IL-27 and CXCL9. Furthermore, we identified that FOXO1, a key molecule controlling cellular energy metabolism, mediated the effect of IFN-γ induced IL-27 expression, and that NR4A1, a key molecule controlling PMo differentiation and inhibiting cancer metastasis, inhibited the pro-NK cell and anti-metastasis activity of IFN-IMo by suppressing CXCL9 expression.ConclusionsWe have discovered the antimetastasis and pro-NK cell activity of IFN-IMo, identified FOXO1 as a key molecule for IFN-γ driven monocyte differentiation and function, and found NR4A1 as an inhibitory molecule for IFN-IMo activity. Our study has not only shown novel mechanisms for a classical antitumor cytokine but also provided potential target for developing superior monocytic cell therapy against cancer metastasis.
Lower baseline autoantibody levels are associated with immune-related adverse events from immune checkpoint inhibition
Authors: Ghosh Nilasha , Postow Michael , Zhu Chengsong , Jannat-Khah Deanna , Li Quan-Zhen , Vitone Greg , Chan Karmela K , Bass Anne R 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a novel cancer therapeutic that have been successful in treating advanced malignancies; however, they also cause immune-related adverse events (irAE). Given that some irAE are clinically similar to traditional autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies have been suggested as possible biomarkers of irAE. However, there are very little data on autoantibody investigation prior to ICI. Our aim was to determine if specific baseline autoantibodies were associated with irAE and see if changes in autoantibody concentration corresponded with irAE development.MethodsThis study used data from an oncologic clinical trial of adaptive dosing combination ICI therapy in patients with advanced melanoma. Plasma was collected at baseline and 6 weeks after ICI initiation and tested in a microarray of 120 autoantigens commonly associated with autoimmune disease, as well as antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP). Autoantibody concentrations were compared between patients experiencing an organ-specific event versus not. Heatmaps, volcano plots and hierarchical clustering were used to determine autoantibody concentration differences among irAE patient clusters as defined by signal intensity of autoantibodies. Kaplan-Meier curves were created and a log-rank test was performed to assess differences in survival.ResultsThe microarray analysis demonstrated that patients who experienced specific irAE had fewer differentially expressed autoantibodies at baseline than those that did not have those specific irAE, and a greater fold change (FC) in antibody concentration from baseline to 6 weeks corresponded with specific irAE development. However, no autoantibodies were identified as being predictive of specific events. Time to first irAE was less than 6 weeks in 69% of patients, and these patients had less autoantibodies at baseline. Considering ANA, RF and CCP autoantibodies, there were no significant differences between the seropositive and seronegative patients in irAE development, severity, timing or survival.ConclusionPatients with low autoantibody concentrations at baseline as well as a greater FC in autoantibody concentration over 6 weeks developed more distinct organ-specific irAE. This may suggest differences in the balance of cellular immunity and humoral pathways that are relevant in the pathogenesis of irAE, though further investigation is needed.
Quintic constraints for $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$ multiplets and complete SUSY breaking
Authors: Aldabergenov Yermek , Antoniadis Ignatios , Chatrabhuti Auttakit , Isono Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study real fifth-order superfield constraint for $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$

N
=
2

vector (and tensor) multiplet and derive most general solution describing complete supersymmetry breaking, and preserving a real scalar, two goldstini, and an abelian gauge field as low-energy degrees of freedom on which both supersymmetries are realized non-linearly. The surviving scalar is identified as an axion of a broken global abelian symmetry, while its scalar partner (saxion) is eliminated in terms of the goldstini. We provide an example of a UV model giving rise to the quintic constraint, and discuss the connection of this constraint and its solution to other known superfield constraints in $${{\mathcal {N}}}=2$$

N
=
2

and $${{\mathcal {N}}}=1$$

N
=
1

cases.
Association of Insulin Regimen and Estimated Body Fat Over Time among Youths and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Authors: Kahkoska Anna R. , Sarteau Angelica Cristello , Igudesman Daria , Reboussin Beth A. , Dabelea Dana , Dolan Lawrence M. , Jensen Elizabeth , Wadwa R. Paul , Pihoker Catherine , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. 
Published: January 2022

Aims. To explore how changes in insulin regimen are associated with estimated adiposity over time among youths and young adults with type 1 diabetes and whether any associations differ according to sex. Materials and Methods. Longitudinal data were analyzed from youths and young adults with type 1 diabetes in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Participants were classified according to insulin regimen categorized as exclusive pump (“pump only”), exclusive injections (“injections only”), injection-pump transition (“injections-pump”), or pump-injection transition (“pump-injections”) for each follow-up visit completed. Estimated body fat percentage (eBFP) was calculated using validated equations. Sex-specific, linear mixed effects models examined the relationship between the insulin regimen group and change in eBFP during follow-up, adjusted for baseline eBFP, baseline insulin regimen, time-varying insulin dose, sociodemographic factors, and baseline HbA1c (≥9.0% vs. <9.0%). Results. The final sample included 284 females and 304 males, of whom 80% were non-Hispanic white with mean diagnosis age of

12.7
±
2.4

years. In fully adjusted models for females, exclusive pump use over the study duration was associated with significantly greater increases in eBFP compared to exclusive use of injections (

difference

in

rate

of

change
=
0.023
%

increase per month,

95
%
CI
=
0.01

, 0.04). Injection-to-pump transitions and pump-to-injection transitions were also associated with greater increases in eBFP compared to exclusive use of injections (

difference

in

rate

of

change
=
0.02
%

,

95
%
CI
=
0.004

, 0.03, and 0.02%;

95
%
CI
=
0.0001

, 0.04, respectively). There was no relationship between the insulin regimen and eBFP among males. Conclusions. Among females with type 1 diabetes, exclusive and partial pump use may have the unintended consequence of increasing adiposity over time compared to exclusive use of injections, independent of insulin dose.
Examining Rural–Urban Differences in Fatalism and Information Overload: Data from 12 NCI-Designated Cancer Centers
Authors: Jensen Jakob D. , Shannon Jackilen , Iachan Ronaldo , Deng Yangyang , Kim Sunny Jung , Demark-Wahnefried Wendy , Faseru Babalola , Paskett Electra D. , Hu Jinxiang , Vanderpool Robin C. , Lazovich DeAnn , Mendoza Jason A. , Shete Sanjay , Robertson Linda B. , Balkrishnan Rajesh , Briant Katherine J. , Haaland Benjamin , Haggstrom David A. , Fuemmeler Bernard F. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background:
Rural populations experience a disproportionate cancer burden relative to urban populations. One possibility is that rural populations are more likely to hold counterproductive cancer beliefs such as fatalism and information overload that undermine prevention and screening behaviors.

Methods:
Between 2016 and 2020, 12 U.S. cancer centers surveyed adults in their service areas using online and in-person survey instruments. Participants (N = 10,362) were designated as rural (n = 3,821) or urban (n = 6,541). All participants were 18 and older (M = 56.97, SD = 16.55), predominately non-Hispanic White (81%), and female (57%). Participants completed three items measuring cancer fatalism (“It seems like everything causes cancer,” “There's not much you can do to lower your chances of getting cancer,” and “When I think about cancer, I automatically think about death”) and one item measuring cancer information overload (“There are so many different recommendations about preventing cancer, it's hard to know which ones to follow”).

Results:
Compared with urban residents, rural residents were more likely to believe that (i) everything causes cancer (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17–1.43); (ii) prevention is not possible (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.19–1.51); and (iii) there are too many different recommendations about cancer prevention (OR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13–1.41), and cancer is always fatal (OR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.11–1.33).

Conclusions:
Compared with their urban counterparts, rural populations exhibited higher levels of cancer fatalism and cancer information overload.

Impact:
Future interventions targeting rural populations should account for higher levels of fatalism and information overload.
ASCEND-7: Efficacy and Safety of Ceritinib Treatment in Patients with ALK-Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Metastatic to the Brain and/or Leptomeninges
Authors: Chow Laura Q.M. , Barlesi Fabrice , Bertino Erin M. , van den Bent Martin J. , Wakelee Heather A. , Wen Patrick Y. , Chiu Chao-Hua , Orlov Sergey , Chiari Rita , Majem Margarita , McKeage Mark , Yu Chong-Jen , Garrido Pilar , Hurtado Felipe K. , Arratia Pilar Cazorla , Song Yuanbo , Branle Fabrice , Shi Michael , Kim Dong-Wan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Central nervous system metastases are a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with ALK-positive (ALK+) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The phase II ASCEND-7 (NCT02336451) study was specifically designed to assess the efficacy and safety of the ALK inhibitor (ALKi) ceritinib in patients with ALK+ NSCLC metastatic to the brain and/or leptomeninges.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with active brain metastases were allocated to study arms 1 to 4 based on prior exposure to an ALKi and/or prior brain radiation (arm 1: prior radiotherapy/ALKi-pretreated; arm 2: no radiotherapy/ALKi-pretreated; arm 3: prior radiotherapy/ALKi-naïve; arm 4: no radiotherapy/ALKi-naïve). Arm 5 included patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Patients received ceritinib 750 mg once daily (fasted condition). Primary endpoint was investigator-assessed whole-body overall response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1. Secondary endpoints included disease control rate (DCR) and intracranial/extracranial responses.

Results:
Per investigator assessment, in arms 1 (n = 42), 2 (n = 40), 3 (n = 12), and 4 (n = 44), respectively: whole-body ORRs [95% confidence interval (CI)] were 35.7% (21.6–52.0), 30.0% (16.6–46.5), 50.0% (21.1–78.9), and 59.1% (43.2–73.7); whole-body DCR (95% CI): 66.7% (50.5–80.4), 82.5% (67.2–92.7), 66.7% (34.9–90.1), and 70.5% (54.8–83.2); intracranial ORRs (95% CI): 39.3% (21.5–59.4), 27.6% (12.7–47.2), 28.6% (3.7–71.0), and 51.5% (33.5–69.2). In arm 5 (n = 18), whole-body ORR was 16.7% (95% CI, 3.6–41.4) and DCR was 66.7% (95% CI, 41.0–86.7). Paired cerebrospinal fluid and plasma sampling revealed that ceritinib penetrated the human blood–brain barrier.

Conclusions:
Ceritinib showed antitumor activity in patients with ALK+ NSCLC with active brain metastases and/or leptomeningeal disease, and could be considered in the management of intracranial disease.
See related commentary by Murciano-Goroff et al., p. 2477