bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of adverse events with sclerosants reported to the United States Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Nguyen Christopher N , Nguyen Quoc-Bao D , Silapunt Sirunya 
Published: April 2022

Objectives To analyze adverse events (AEs) related to sclerosants reported through the Federal Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Methods We queried the FAERS database for all cases associated with sclerosants. Reports were analyzed and stratified based on severity of cases and patient death. Results A total of 1215 cases with 3124 reactions were identified among 4 sclerosants. “General disorder and administration site conditions” reaction group was prevalent in all sclerosants. For polidocanol, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were the most common severe reactions while cardiac arrest was frequent in death cases. Anaphylaxis was common in fatalities of sodium tetradecyl sulfate. Ethanolamine oleate was associated with procedural errors, while morrhuate sodium resulted in few cases. Conclusion Our analysis supports previous studies concerning common local symptoms, but also reveals serious and death associated reaction profiles specific to individual sclerosants. Practitioners should be knowledgeable on both non-lethal and fatal AEs for each sclerosant. The multitude of reports concerning serious reactions and deaths we report herein provide a cautionary reminder to venous practitioners and patients that sclerotherapy is not a trivial procedure.
Negative correlation between early recovery and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 levels after intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Li Yanzheng , Wang Wei , Yang Hang , Guo Weiheng , Feng Jingyu , Yang Dejiu , Guo Li , Tan Guojun 
Published: April 2022

Objective Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is considered a biomarker for systemic inflammation and the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. However, little is known about the effect of acute vascular events on marker levels. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential association of early recovery with Lp-PLA2 levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Methods Forty-three consecutive AIS patients who had their first stroke and were hospitalized within 5 hours of the onset of stroke were enrolled. All patients were treated with IVT using alteplase or urokinase. Plasma Lp-PLA2 levels were measured within 24 hours after IVT. Variables that showed a significant association with Lp-PLA2 in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate ordered logistic regression model. Results Early recovery was associated with Lp-PLA2 levels after IVT, and Lp-PLA2 levels tended to decrease with increased probability of early recovery. This study is the first to report a negative correlation between early recovery and Lp-PLA2 levels after IVT. Conclusion Early recovery after IVT was negatively correlated with Lp-PLA2 A2 levels.
Protocol-based anticoagulation management for mechanical circulatory support patients can be safe and efficient
Authors: Birk Sarah E , Ingemi Amanda , Bourassa Patricia , Neumann Karl , Pine Carly , Seigh Mindy , Cassa Hannah , Sullivan Margaret , Baran David A , Herre John M , Yehya Amin 
Published: April 2022

Background: Achieving optimal anticoagulation remains a significant challenge in managing patients on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. Maintaining tight control of anticoagulation can be time-consuming but essential in preventing serious complications such as pump thrombosis and bleeding. Objectives: The efficacy and safety of a nurse coordinator-driven outpatient protocol (NCDOP) was evaluated for managing anticoagulation for LVAD patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed as part of a single-center quality improvement project. The primary outcome was time in therapeutic range (TTR), a measure of anticoagulation target efficacy before and after the implementation of the protocol. Results: Among 47 patients, who served as their own control, there was no significant change in TTR or proportion of hospitalizations following institution of the protocol. Pre-NCDOP, there were six major bleeding and two thrombotic events, and none during the post-NCDOP period. Conclusions: A NCDOP is a reliable method to manage anticoagulation in LVAD patients and facilitates efficient care delivery. Future multicenter studies with larger patient cohorts are warranted to expand on the findings outlined in this manuscript.
Surface modified polyacrylonitrile/polyamide nanofibre composite for air filtration
Authors: Gobi N , Priyanka V , Monnisha G 
Published: April 2022

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and Polyamide (PA)-6 based nanofibrous composite were prepared for air filtration application. PAN was electrospun on spun-bonded non-woven polypropylene which acts as a collector and the samples were coated with PA-6. Box-Behnken experimental design was used to design the experimental plan. As per the experimental plan, PA-6 coated samples were treated with different concentrations of an alkali solution (NaOH) (2%, 5% and 8%) and treatment temperature (60oC, 80oC and 100oC) to enhance the surface properties. As prepared nanofibrous composite was tested for its various properties such as surface morphology, particle filtration efficiency and air permeability. Fourier transform infra-red analysis and scanning electron microscope were performed to analyze the functional groups and morphology of the nanofibrous composite respectively. The air permeability of the control and treated samples was analyzed as per the standard procedure and the permeation level varies from 52.5 to 60 cm3/cm2/s for control samples, 65–195 cm3/cm2/s for treated samples. The overall filtration efficiency for treated samples varies from 36.54% to 78.56%. The sample which is treated with 5% NaOH at 60oC has a higher overall filtration efficiency of 78.56%.
Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory Assessments as Predictors of Behavioral Change in Multisystemic Therapy and Functional Family Therapy in Norway
Authors: Hukkelberg Silje , Ogden Terje , Thøgersen Dagfinn Mørkrid 
Published: April 2022

Background: Multisystemic Therapy (MST) and Functional Family Therapy (FFT) are evidence-based Blueprint programs shown to be effective towards youth problem behaviors. Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate treatment outcomes following MST and FFT among Norwegian youths with serious behavior problems. Research design: Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM) data of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory at intake and post-test was used along with measures of five national treatment goals. Study sample: The study is based on two samples of youths assigned to MST ( n = 2018) and FFT ( n = 453). Analysis: Data were analyzed separately for MST and FFT, to explore changes during treatment and accomplishment of the treatment goals. Results: At intake youths in MST showed a significant higher level of risk factors compared to those referred to FFT. Significant reductions in risk factors and behavioral problems were evident for both interventions. Follow-up results demonstrated sustained reductions of problem behaviors. Conclusion: Both treatments decrease risk factors and increase the completion of outcome goals. Implications of the results are discussed.
Decisional Conflict is Associated with Treatment Modality and not Disease Knowledge in South African Men with Prostate Cancer: Baseline Results from a Longitudinal Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Irusen Hayley , Burger Henriette , Fernandez Pedro W. , Van der Merwe Andre , Esterhuizen Tonya , du Plessis Danelo E , Seedat Soraya 
Published: April 2022

Background Decisional conflict (DC) is a psychological construct that an individual experiences in making a decision that involves risk, loss, regret, or challenges to one’s values. This study assessed DC in a cohort of South African men undergoing curative treatment for localised prostate cancer (LPC). The objectives were to (1) to examine the association between DC and prostate cancer knowledge (PCK), demographics, state anxiety, prostate cancer anxiety and time to treatment and (2) to compare levels of DC between treatment groups [prostatectomy (RP) and external beam radiation (RT)]. Method Data, comprising the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS), Prostate Cancer Knowledge (PCK), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX-PC) and demographic data from 83 participants of a larger prospective longitudinal observational study examining depression, anxiety and health related quality of life (DAHCaP) were analysed. Results The mean age of participants was 63 years (RP 61yrs and RT 65yrs; p< 0.001). Most were of mixed ancestry (72.3%). The total DCS scores between the treatment groups (RP 25.00 and RT 18.75; p = 0.037) and two DCS sub-scores-uncertainty (p = 0.033 ), and support (p = 0.048 ), were significantly higher in the RP group. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between state anxiety and time between diagnosis and treatment in the RP group (Spearman’s rho = −0.368; p = 0.030). There was no correlation between the DCS score and PCK within each treatment group (Spearman’s rho RP = −0.249 and RT = −0.001). Conclusion Decisional conflict was higher in men undergoing RP. Men were more anxious in the RP group regarding the time treatment was received from diagnosis. No correlation was observed between DC and PCK. Pre-surgical management of DC should include shared decision making (SDM) which is cognisant of patients’ values facilitated by a customised decision aid.
Mental Health Nurses’ Perceptions of Their Role in Physical Screening and Lifestyle Coaching for Patients With a Severe Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Voort Nienke T. Y. G. van der , Klaessen Nikki C. , Poslawsky Irina E. , van Meijel Berno 
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: The life expectancy of patients with severe mental illness (SMI) is estimated to be 20 to 30 years shorter than in the general population due to avoidable physical illnesses. This gap is widening. Health care professionals’ performance with regard to physical health and lifestyle appears to be suboptimal. AIMS: The purpose of this study is to formulate recommendations to enhance physical care for patients with an SMI. METHODS: A generic descriptive qualitative study was conducted. Fifteen mental health nurses (MHNs) working in community mental health care in the Netherlands were interviewed. Thematic analysis of the data was performed. RESULTS: Most MHNs perceived physical screening and lifestyle interventions to be an important part of their professional role. However, they recognize discrepancy between their perception and actual practice. Most MHNs focus in particular on the psychiatric illness and its consequences for daily living, and they defined the provision of physical health care as a secondary concern. Participants described building a therapeutic relationship as a crucial, however, difficult part of the process of working on physical health promotion. Many MHNs tend to formulate goals and necessary behavioral changes on behalf of their patients, rather than helping them formulate their own goals and activities for themselves. CONCLUSIONS: Building a good therapeutic relationship with patients and supporting patients in defining their own lifestyle goals can enhance nursing physical care. Support by other team members (such as NPs) and managers is needed. In training and education for professionals, the lessons learned in this study should be included.
Effect of side guide marks of ultrasound transducer on the success rate of ultrasound transducer-guided radial artery puncture: A randomized trial
Authors: Yao Jie , Hao Shuai , Zhou Chen , Quan ZheFeng 
Published: April 2022

Background: Compared with blind technique, ultrasound (US) transducer-guided technique for radial artery puncture can improve the success rate. However, difficulty in handling US transducer-guided technology is a key limitation to its wider use. The aim of the study was to explore the effect of guide marks on the side of US transducer on the success rate of US transducer-guided radial artery puncture. Methods: In this parallel-group trial, 127 patients undergoing elective liver cancer resection and splenectomy under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to the traditional group or the Intervention group. The traditional group used the conventional US transducer-guided radial artery puncture technology, while the Intervention group used the US transducer-guided radial artery puncture technology with the guide marks on the side of the US transducer probe. The primary observation index was success rate of radial artery cannulation at the first attempt; the secondary observation indices were failure rate of cannulation, location time, and total time for successful cannulation. Results: The successful rate of cannulation in the Intervention group (59 out of 63, 93.6%) was greater than that in the traditional group (50 out of 64, 78.1%, p = 0.01). The posterior wall puncture rate in the Intervention group was lower than that in the traditional group (11.1% vs 32.8%, p = 0.005). The location time in the Intervention group was longer than that in the traditional group (20.1 ± 3.8 vs 16.6 ± 4.0 s, p < .001), while the total cannulation time was significantly shorter (20.7 ± 4.3 vs 32.4 ± 7.4 s, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Using guide marks on the side of US transducer can help improve success rate of US transducer-guided radial artery puncture at the first attempt and reduce the risk of puncture-related complications.
Self-reported mental health in adolescents attending school and its association with later school dropout: A prospective 2.5-year follow-up study
Authors: Lindhardt Line , Lindholdt Louise , Lund Thomas , Mortensen Ole Steen 
Published: April 2022

Aims: Mental health problems in young people are associated with educational outcomes. There are persistent difficulties in screening for these problems and mapping the trajectories of mental health in relation to academic and work outcomes. We investigated whether Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores in adolescents attending school were associated with school dropout in upper secondary school, both in adolescents with already recognised mental disorders and adolescents without known mental disorders. Methods: The data consisted of a questionnaire targeting 13,100 adolescents attending the final year of compulsory school combined with data derived from a national register. SDQ scores were divided into normal, borderline and abnormal scores. School dropout in upper secondary school was identified during a 2.5-years follow-up period. We stratified the data by recognised mental disorders. Logistic regression was performed to examine the association between SDQ scores and later school dropout with adjustment for parents’ mental disorders, parents’ educational level, sex, suicidal thoughts, school absence and negative childhood events. Results: During follow-up, 18.5% of adolescents experienced school dropout. Adolescents with abnormally high SDQ scores and borderline SDQ scores had higher odds for school dropout than adolescents with SDQ scores in the normal range. The association remained in the adjusted analysis, although more covariates showed independent contributions in association with school dropout. Conclusions: Self-reported SDQ scores in adolescents attending school were associated with later school dropout irrespective of recognised mental disorders, indicating that markers such as the SDQ might contribute to the identification of vulnerable adolescent groups, although the findings of multifactorial contributions suggest we should consider more indicators in a risk assessment for school dropout.
Short-term effect of air stacking and mechanical insufflation–exsufflation on lung function in patients with neuromuscular diseases
Authors: Veldhoen Esther S , Vercoelen Femke , Ros Leandra , Verweij-van den Oudenrijn Laura P , Wösten-van Asperen Roelie M , Hulzebos Erik HJ , Bartels Bart , Gaytant Michael A , van der Ent Kors , Ludo van der Pol W 
Published: April 2022

Air stacking (AS) and mechanical insufflation–exsufflation (MI-E) aim to increase cough efficacy by augmenting inspiratory lung volumes in patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). We studied the short-term effect of AS and MI-E on lung function. We prospectively included NMD patients familiar with daily AS or MI-E use. Studied outcomes were forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) prior to, immediately after, and up to 2 h after treatment. Paired sample T-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used. Sixty-seven patients participated. We observed increased FVC and FEV1 immediately after AS with a mean difference of respectively 0.090 L (95% CI 0.045; 0.135, p < .001) and 0.073 L (95% CI 0.017; 0.128, p = .012). Increased FVC immediately after MI-E (mean difference 0.059 L (95% CI 0.010; 0.109, p = .021) persisted 1 hour (mean difference 0.079 L (95% CI 0.034; 0.125, p = .003). The effect of treatment was more pronounced in patients diagnosed with Spinal Muscular Atrophy, compared to patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AS and MI-E improved FVC immediately after treatment, which persisted 1 h after MI-E. There is insufficient evidence that short-lasting increases in FVC would explain the possible beneficial effect of AS and MI-E.
Impact of new diagnostic pathway for gestational diabetes in time of COVID-19
Authors: Walker Betrice , Edey Jenna , Hall Leanne , Braniff Kathleen , Heal Clare 
Published: April 2022

Background In April 2020, the diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) changed in Queensland, with the goal of reducing exposure of pregnant women to COVID-19. Methods A retrospective clinical audit was conducted at a regional hospital to compare the incidence of GDM, and specific maternal and neonatal outcomes four months before and after the change in guidelines was implemented. Results Less than 50% of diagnostic tests were performed according to new guidelines. There was a non-significant increase in the incidence of GDM (13.3% to 15.3%), and pharmacological treatments. Instrumental deliveries ( p = 0.01) and shoulder dystocia ( p = 0.04) increased following the change in guidelines. There were no differences in the incidence of elective and emergency caesarean delivery, macrosomia and fetal weight. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was higher in the COVID-19 GDM cohort ( p = 0.02). Conclusions Despite the change in guidelines, there was a non-significant increase in the incidence of diagnosis of gestational diabetes.
Development of a prediction model in female pure or predominant urge urinary incontinence: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: van Doorn Tess , Reuvers Sarah H.M. , Roobol Monique J. , Remmers Sebastiaan , Verbeek Jan F.M. , Scheepe Jeroen R. , Wolterbeek Josien H. , van der Schoot Deric K.E. , Nieboer Daan , ‘t Hoen Lisette A. , Blok Bertil F.M. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Urinary incontinence is a prevalent form of pelvic floor dysfunction, with a non-negligible impact on a patient’s quality of life. There are several treatment options, varying from conservative to invasive. The aim of this study is to predict treatment outcomes of pure or predominant urge urinary incontinence (UUI) in women to support shared decision-making and manage patient expectations. Methods: Data on patient characteristics, disease history, and investigations of 512 consecutive women treated for UUI in three hospitals in the Netherlands were retrospectively collected. The predicted outcome was the short-term subjective continence outcome, defined as patient-reported continence 3 months after treatment categorized as cure (no urinary leakage), improvement (any degree of improvement of urinary leakage), and failure (no improvement or worsening of urinary leakage). Multivariable ordinal regression with backward stepwise selection was performed to analyze association between outcome and patient’s characteristics. Interactions between patient characteristics and treatment were added to estimate individual treatment benefit. Discriminative ability was assessed with the ordinal c-statistic. Results: Conservative treatment was applied in 12% of the patients, pharmacological in 62%, and invasive in 26%. Subjective continence outcome was cure, improvement, and failure in 20%, 49%, and 31%, respectively. Number of incontinence episodes per day, voiding frequency during the day, subjective quantity of UI, coexistence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), night incontinence, and bladder capacity and the interactions between these variables were included in the model. After internal validation, the ordinal c-statistic was 0.699. Conclusions: Six variables were of value to predict pure or predominant UUI treatment outcome in women. Further development into a comprehensive set of models for the use in various pelvic floor disorders and treatments is recommended to optimize individualized care. This model requires external validation before implementation in clinical practice.
Regional Anesthesia Decreases Inpatient But Not Outpatient Opioid Demand in Ankle and Distal Tibia Fracture Surgery
Authors: Cunningham Daniel J. , Paniagua Ariana , DeLaura Isabel , Zhang Gloria , Kim Billy , Kim Jonathan , Lee Terry , LaRose Micaela , Adams Samuel , Gage Mark J. 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Regional anesthesia (RA) is commonly used in ankle and distal tibia fracture surgery. However, the pragmatic effects of this treatment on inpatient and outpatient opioid demand are unclear. The hypothesis was that RA would decrease inpatient opioid consumption and have little effect on outpatient demand in patients undergoing ankle and distal tibia fracture surgery compared with patients not receiving RA. Methods: All patients aged 18 years and older undergoing ankle and distal tibia fracture surgery at a single institution between July 2013 and July 2018 were included in this study (n = 1310). Inpatient opioid consumption (0-72 hours postoperatively) and outpatient opioid prescribing (1 month preoperatively to 90 days postoperatively) were recorded in oxycodone 5-mg equivalents (OEs). Adjusted models were used to evaluate the impact of RA versus no RA on inpatient and outpatient opioid demand. Results: Patients without RA had higher rates of high-energy mechanism of injury, additional injuries, open fractures, and additional surgery compared with patients with RA. Adjusted models demonstrated decreased inpatient opioid consumption in patients with RA (12.1 estimated OEs without RA vs 8.8 OEs with RA from 0 to 24 hours postoperatively, P < .001) but no significant difference after that time (9.7 vs 10.4 from 24 to 48 hours postoperatively, and 9.5 vs 8.5 from 48 to 72 hours postoperatively). Estimated cumulative outpatient opioid demand was significantly increased in patients receiving RA at all time points (112.5 OEs without RA vs 137.3 with RA from 1 month preoperatively to 2 weeks, 125.6 vs 155.5 OEs to 6 weeks, and 134.6 vs 163.3 OEs to 90 days, all P values for RA <.001). Discussion: In ankle and distal tibia fracture surgery, RA was associated with decreased early inpatient opioid demand but significantly increased outpatient demand after adjusting for baseline patient and treatment characteristics. This study encourages the use of RA to decrease inpatient opioid use, although there was a worrisome increase in outpatient opioid demand. Level of Evidence: Level III: Retrospective, therapeutic cohort study