bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
रूपन्देही जिल्लामा प्रचलित लोकगीतको अध्ययन
Authors: Paudyal Shalikram 
Published: May 2022

लोकसमुदायमा प्रचलित साहित्य लोकसाहित्य हो । लोकसमुदायमा मौखिक परम्परामा जन्मेको र हुर्केको अलिखित साहित्य नै लोकसाहित्य हो । लोकसाहित्यका विभिन्न विधामध्ये लोकगीत अत्यन्त प्रचलित विधा हो । लुम्बिनी प्रदेशको तराईको जिल्ला रूपन्देहीमा विभिन्न जातजाति र भाषाभाषीका मानिसहरूको बसोबास रहेको छ । यस जिल्लाका आदिबासी थारू र भोजपुरी भाषी समुदाय हुन् भने अन्य नेपाली, मगर, नेवार, गुरुङ जातिको बसोबास यस जिल्लामा निकै पछि मात्र भएको हो । खास गरी तराईमा औलो रोगको महामारीको नियन्त्रणपछि मात्र यस जिल्लामा पहाडी जिल्लाबाट मानिसहरू बसाइँ सरेर आएको देखिन्छ । त्यसैले यस जिल्लामा प्रचलित थारू र भोजपुरी भाषाको लोकगीत प्राचीन हो भने नेपाली भाषाका लोकगीत पछि मात्र विकसित भएको हो । नेपाली लोकगीतहरू पहाडीमूलका मानिसले बसाइँसराइसँगै ल्याए पनि कतिपय गीतमा स्थानीयताको झलक पनि पाइन्छ । थारू तथा भोजपुरी भाषी समुदायमा प्रचलित संस्कार गीतमा विवाह गीत, रत्यौली गीत, पर्वगीतमा होरी गीत, धार्मिक गीतमा चुड्का, आरती, भक्ति गीत, श्रमगीतमा रोपाईँ गीत, सवनाही गीत, सदाबहार गीतमा झुमरा, गाली गीत आदि विशेषरूपमा प्रचलित रहेका छन् । त्यस्तै नेपाली लोकगीतअन्तर्गत संस्कार गीतमा रत्यौली, विवाहगीत, पर्वगीतमा तीजगीत, देउसी र भैलो गीत, गाइजात्रे गीत, धार्मिक गीतमा भजन, आरती, चुड्का, श्रमगीतमा असारे गीत, सदाबहार गीतमा झ्याउरे, रोइला, ख्याली, चुड्का, सालैजो, बाह्रमासा, दोहोरी, बालगीत आदि विशेषरूपमा प्रचलित रहेका छन् । यस लेखमा यिनै गीतहरूको सङ्कलन गरी अध्ययन गरिएको छ ।
भाषिक विश्लेषणको संरचनावादी पद्धति
Authors: Paudel Sheskanta 
Published: May 2022

संरचनात्मक भाषाविज्ञान बीसौँ शताब्दीमा विकसित भएको भाषिक अध्ययनको आधुनिक पद्धति हो । यसको अवधारणा परम्परागत भाषिक अध्ययनभन्दा भिन्न मान्यताका साथ विकसित भएको हो । संरचनात्मक भाषाविज्ञानले भाषिक विश्लेषण गर्दा भाषालाई सिङ्गो संरचना मानी भाषाका संरचक घटकका रूपमा वर्ण, रूप र वाक्यको छुट्टा छुट्टै विश्लेषण गर्नुपर्ने धारणा राख्दछ । यही धारणाका आधारमा वर्णको विश्लेषण गर्दा सामग्रीको सङ्कलन, आलेखन, वर्ण निर्धारणका सन्दर्भमा लघुतम युग्मको चयन, व्यतिरेकी वितरण, मुक्त परिवर्तन, पद्घतिगत समरूपता, वितरणको सीमा आदिका सन्दर्भमा वर्णको विश्लेषण गर्दछ । त्यस्तै गरी रूप विश्लेषणका सन्दर्भमा रूपहरूको निर्धारणका सैद्घान्तिक व्याख्या, रूपका अनेक प्रकार र रूप विश्लेषणका प्रक्रिया वा पद्घतिको विश्लेषण गर्दछ । त्यस्तै गरी वाक्य विश्लेषणका सन्दर्भमा वाक्यका संरचक घटकका रूपमा पदावली र उपवाक्यको विश्लेषण, संरचनाका आधारमा वाक्यका विविध प्रकारको विश्लेषण तथा निकटघटक विश्लेषणका आधारमा सिङ्गो वाक्यात्मक संरचनाको घटकीय सम्बन्धको विश्लेषण गर्दछ । यिनै कुराहरूको व्यवस्थित अध्ययन नै यो लेखको मूल सार हो ।
Correlation Between Computed Tomography Severity Score and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 Chest Infection
Authors: Sharma Prakash , Lalchan Subita , KC Subash , Gyawali Merina , Karki Dipesh , Kushwaha Niraj , Pun Benju Tilija , Pokhrel Amrit 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Computed Tomography (CT) is one of the most essential diagnostic tools for early identification and treatment of COVID -19 pneumonia. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between CT severity score and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Method: A total of 62 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were included in this study. All these patients underwent High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest using a standard protocol. The CT severity score in all of these patients was calculated and the results were analyzed by SPSS version 21.
Results: A higher CT severity score was associated with higher chances of mortality in the patients of COVID-19. There was no significant association of mortality with the age, sex, and number of lobes involvement
Conclusion: HRCT chest can help in the early identification of the patients who need to be admitted to the Intensive care unit. Early admission and intervention to patients with high CT severity scores can help to reduce mortality.
The Epidemiology and Treatment of Pulled Elbow in Pediatric Population
Authors: Sapkota Krishna , Ranjeet Niraj , Thapa Pabin , Onta Pratyenta Raj , Thapa Upendra Jung 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The pulled elbow is one of the common conditions in children that bring them to an emergency. Children present with not being able to move their forearms.
Methods: We conducted a prospective study of patients presented with a history suggestive of the pulled elbow. Here we study demographic character, clinical presentations, and reduction technique.
Results: There were a total of 96 patients with the pulled elbow. The mean age of the patient was 29.62 ± 13.14 months, with boys 27 (28.1%) and girls 69 (71.9%). The left side was commonly involved 67 (69%). History of traction injury is the most common mode of injury. The success rate of reduction by supination-flexion is 87.5%, whereas the success rate of hyper pronation is 95.83%. There was no significant difference between the two methods of reduction (p-value > 0.05).
Conclusion: The pulled elbow is common at 2 years, with female children predominant. Click in the region of radial head palpable during reduction confirms the diagnosis and signs of successful treatment. Hyper-pronation was easy, more effective at the first attempt, and the most successful reduction technique.
Functional Outcome of Hybrid External Fixator in Tibial Pilon Fractures
Authors: Ranjeet Niraj , Sapkota Krishna , Thapa Pabin , Onta Pratyenta Raj , Thapa Upendra Jung , Wahegaonkar Krishna 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Tibial pilon fractures are difficult fractures mostly secondary to high-energy trauma. There are various options to treat these fractures, but the priority is always an anatomic reduction and articular congruity with good soft tissue handling. The aim of the study was to analyze the functional outcome of tibial pilon fractures managed with a hybrid external fixator as definitive management.
Methods: We evaluated 28 patients with tibial pilon fractures with a mean age of 34.8 years. All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were taken to the operating room for debridement and application of a hybrid external fixator.
Results: The most common mechanism of injury was road traffic accidents and most of our patients had comminuted fractures. The fibula was fractured in 23 (82.14%) of our patients. The fractures united on an average of 15.28 weeks. Based on the Ovadia & Beals objective scoring system 75% of our patients scored excellent or good on objective scoring and subjective scoring 82.14% of our patients scored excellent or good. We had 12 cases of pin tract infection, 2 cases of delayed union, and 2 cases of malunion but no incidence of non-union, osteomyelitis, or septic arthritis. Eight of our patients had ankle joint stiffness.
Conclusion: Hybrid external fixator is an effective method of treatment for tibial pilon fractures with comparable union rate and complications to other modalities.
Incidence and risk factors of perineal tears of pregnant women delivering at a midwife obstetric unit South Africa
Authors: Hoque Akm Monjurul , Buckus Somaya 
Published: May 2022

Aim: To estimate the incidence and risk factors for perineal tears of low-risk pregnant women delivering at a midwife obstetric unit.
Methods: A retrospective study performed on perineal tear during childbirth from birth register at midwife run unit in Durban municipality, South Africa between January 2018 and October 2019. Risk factors were studied and bivariate and logistic regression done. Results are expressed with adjusted odds ratios (OR) and p-values <0.05 are considered significant.
Results: A total of 1578 women had singleton vaginal childbirths. Half (50.6%) of them have perineal tears. The incidences of episiotomy, combined first-and second, and third-and fourth- degree (OASI) tears are 24.3%, 25.1% and 1.1% respectively. Risk factors for any perineal tears are younger mothers (teenage OR=2.9, 20-24 years OR=2.2), primipara (OR= 15.8), received antenatal care (OR=.47) and gestational age (GA) (<32 weeks OR=.05). The risk factors for episiotomy are; teenage (OR=5.4), ages 20-24 years (OR=4.2), ages 25-29 years (OR=3.0), primipara (OR=12.4), GA (£32 weeks OR=.16), GA 33-36 weeks (OR=.6) and having antenatal care (OR=.41). Birth weight <2.5 kg and between 2.5-3.0 kgs (OR=.014) and (OR=.09) are protective for OASI.
Conclusions: Risk factors for the perineal injuries are similar to those previously reported in other studies. Training of midwives on perineal care and selection for undertaking episiotomy is urgently needed to improve maternity services at the midwife obstetric unit. Identification of those at risk may reduce obstetric perineal injury.
Intraosseous Hydatid cyst of sacrum and pelvic bone. An Uncommon Occurrence
Authors: Koirala Sapana , Adhikari Kapil , Bhattarai Rakshya 
Published: May 2022

Skeletal hydatidosis results from deposition of the larval form of the Echinococcus, a genus of tapeworm. The incidence of bone disease is extremely low as most larvae are trapped by the liver and lung upon release of the embryo into the portal blood stream. Bone hydatid disease is often asymptomatic and its diagnosis is usually made at an advanced stage when lesions have become extensive. The interpretation of imaging studies can prove very confusing as there are no characteristic features and this often leads to misdiagnosis. We present a case of a 83 year-old man who was admitted to BPKIHS, Dharan complaining of pain and swelling in left hip.CT scan showed lytic lesion in sacral vertebra involving left sacroiliac joint and ilium and was falsely diagnosed as tuberculosis or neoplastic in nature. The result of FNAC concurred on an unexpected diagnosis of a hydatid cyst. This case illustrates that in the absence of high index of suspicion for echinococcal infection, imaging findings of hydatid disease in bone mimic to those of other skeletal pathologies and can lead to misinterpretation.
Cold Abscess in Neck Masquerading as Infected Thyroglossal Cyst: A Case Report.
Authors: Jha Anamika , Lamichanne Suman , Jha Sujit 
Published: May 2022

Midline cystic neck swellings are often seen in younger patients and may have several causes. Sonography is the initial imaging modality followed by a Computer Tomography (CT) scan with MRI being reserved as a problem-solving tool or for preoperative extent evaluation. Pathology usually uses fine-needle aspiration cytology to confirm the diagnosis. We report a case where a cold abscess presenting as cystic midline neck swelling in a young patient, was misinterpreted as an infected thyroglossal cyst on sonography. The presence of lesions consistent with pulmonary tubercular infection helped clinch the diagnosis on the CT scan. This case also highlights the fact that whenever possible a common cause should be sought for different lesions occurring simultaneously.
Diagnostic accuracy of color doppler Ultrasonography and FNAC in differentiating benign and malignant cervical lymphadenopathies at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal
Authors: Khanal Bipin , Gautam Mahesh , Pathak Manish Raj , Kafle Neeta 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Among various imaging modalities useful in diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathies, Color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) is useful to evaluate and determine the presence of vascularity, resistance, direction, and velocity of blood flow in lymph nodes. It can determine the morphological and vascular nature of lymphadenopathies which will further help in the differentiation between benign and malignant nodes.
Methods: This study was conducted on 61 patients referred to the Department of radiodiagnosis and imaging of BiratMedcical College for an ultrasound of cervical lymphadenopathy. These patients had subsequently undergone FNAC examination. Color Doppler sonographic procedures were done with an 11L linear probe with a frequency of 4.5-12MHz and CDUS evaluation of lymph nodes for Resistive Index and Peak systolic velocity were carried out and correlated with FNAC findings.
Results: Among 61 lymph nodes, 52 were benign and 9 were malignant in the Color Doppler study where the final diagnosis by FNAC showed 53 benign and 8 malignant nodes. RI above the cutoff value of 0.5 had 83.3% sensitivity, 79.6% specificity, 50% PPV and 95.1% NPV. PSV above the cutoff value of 16cm/sec had 66.6% sensitivity, 95.9% specificity, 80.0% PPV and 92.2% NPV with diagnostic accuracy of 91.8%.
Conclusion: Morphological features of the nodes such as shape, absence of echogenic hilum, abnormal vascular pattern, and Doppler indices cutoff values of 0.5 and 16cm/s respectively for RI and PSV were sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of malignant lymph nodes.
Teachers and Students' Perception on Intended and Enacted Teaching Methods in Higher Education Teaching
Authors: Mishra Nirmal Raj 
Published: May 2022

The curriculum, pedagogy and assessment are the crucial interrelated elements for effective teaching learning activities in the higher education classroom. Due to so, this research project focused on analyzing the teachers and students perception on intended and enacted teaching methods in higher education teaching at Tribhuvan University. For this, the qualitative research design was applied to explore the subjective realities of research problem. It was more descriptive as well as interpretive in nature. During this process, the curriculum study, open ended questionnaire and participant observation methods were used to collect the verbal information for this interpretive inquiry. It found that both teachers and students positively perceived the six-month semester based program and expected that it would help to promote the activity based teaching learning activities. But, teachers were used to in lecturer method and more popular in higher education teaching. Beside this, the teachers were mostly practicing the lecture, demonstration through multimedia projector, question answer, self-study, project work and home assignment during the classroom instruction for professional core course curriculum.
PENENTUAN KUALITAS MINYAK GORENG BERDASARKAN PADA NILAI ASAM LEMAK BEBAS
Authors: Rusmalina Siska 
Published: May 2022

<p>Indonesian society consume cooking oil in high quantities. This is caused, the cooking oil used in cooking maturation process to improve the taste. The value of free fatty acids is one of parameters to determine quality of cooking oil. Values higher fatty acid in the human body can increase the levels of bad fats or called LDL ((<em>Low Density Lipoprotein</em>), which triggers the emergence of heart disease. This study aims to determine the purity and quality of cooking oil in Pekalongan City.hypertension and cancer.</p><p>Tests of saturated fatty acid numbers are carried out, referring to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 01-3741-2013. Terms of good quality oil in alkalimetry method not more than 0.6 mgKOH / g. The sample in this study was a sample of bulk and packaged cooking oil in the Pekalongan region.</p>Samples obtained were 19 packaged cooking oils and 6 bulk cooking oils. The test results indicate that the fatty acids of the 25 samples tested were in the range of 0.040 to 0.5 mgKOH / g sample. Overall samples meet the required standard of SNI 01-3741-2013 that is not more than 0.6 mgKOH / g sample. so it can be concluded that the quality of cooking oil sold in the Pekalongan region is good.
Two-year profile of the records of patients referred to Adana city hospital urology clinic due to PSA high in primary care: a retrospective review
Authors: KARKİN Kadir , VURUŞKAN Ediz 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the two-year records of patients referred to Adana City Training and Research Hospital by family physicians because of high prostate specific antigen (PSA), and to reveal the profile and related outcomes for clinical practices of family physicians about prostate cancer screening.
Material and Method: The files of 102 patients, who were referred to our clinic by their family physicians due to high PSA between April 2019 and May 2021, were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic data of patients, presence of additional disease, family history, control serum PSA value examined in family medicine centers and in our hospital at time of first admission, complete urinalysis (TIT), ultrasonography (USG) and multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMR) findings, transrectal ultrasonographic biopsy (TRUS-BX) results and biopsy were noted. The treatments administered according to the results (radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy) were recorded.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.8±8.9 years. The PSA value of the patients at time of admission was 8.0±3.8 ng/ml. The mean PSA values measured at the time of admission to primary care and at the time of admission to Adana clinic after referral were 8.0±3.8 ng/ml and 8.0±3.0 ng/ml, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between these values (p=0.2). Among all the patients presenting with elevated PSA, 36 (35%) patients underwent TRUS Bx, had prostate cancer as a result of pathology and underwent radical prostatectomy, which was the most common definitive treatment method with statistical significance (p
Clinical, sonographical and cytological comparison of toxic and non-toxic thyroid nodules
Authors: ÇETİN Zeynep , KÖSEOĞLU Derya , ÖZDEMİR BAŞER Özden 
Published: May 2022

Aim: To compare patients with toxic and non-toxic nodular/multinodular goiter in terms of clinical, sonographical and cytological features.
Material and Method: The medical data of 326 patients were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical and sonographic features were examined. Four hundred and eighty-one nodules were compared sonographically and cytologically. One hundred twenty-four patients had toxic nodular goiter and 202 of them had non-toxic nodular goiter.
Results: The toxic nodular goiter group was older, they had more male sex, more multi-nodularity, larger thyroid glands and nodules with more sonographically suspicious features (p 40 mm in 13.9% of the nodules in the toxic group and 5.4% of those in the non-toxic group (p= 0.003). Central vascularization (p
Role of red cell dstribution width in colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: KARAYİĞİT Ahmet , ÖZDEMİR Dursun Burak , DİZEN Hayrettin , ÜNAL Bülent , OZER İlter , ULAŞ Murat 
Published: May 2022

Objective: We aimed to assess whether red cell distribution width (RDW) was associated with pre-operative clinical features or post-operative clinicopathological outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and to determine the utility of RDW as a diagnostic or prognostic marker of CRC.
Material and Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2018 and May 2021 at a university hospital in Turkey. A total of 188 patients histologically diagnosed with CRC who had undergone surgery were included in the study.
Results: Our study included 118 (62.77%) male patients, and the mean age of the patients was 66.28±11.71 years. We found that RDW values were significantly higher in females compared to males (p=0.033), in patients with T3 or T4 tumors compared to those with T1 or T2 tumors (p
Examination of patients admitted to a university hospital with methanol intoxication
Authors: DOĞAN Murat 
Published: May 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the demographic data, clinical features and laboratory findings of patients followed up with methanol poisoning in our internal medicine clinic. In addition, to examine the data of the patients followed in our intensive care unit and to contribute to the literature in this direction.
Material and Method: In this study, 21 patients diagnosed with methanol intoxication who were hospitalized in the internal medicine clinic of our hospital between 01.01.2019 and 01.04.2022 were included. Demographic information of the patients, initial complaints, accompanying symptoms, laboratory results, blood gas values, intensive care unit requirements, mechanical ventilation needs, length of hospital stay and whether they received hemodialysis treatment were recorded from the hospital automation system.
Results: 21 patients were included in the study. The mean time for patients to apply to the hospital after drinking alcohol was calculated as 31.42±4.27 hours. The mean hospital stay was 3.0±1.02 days. While 12 patients were followed up in the intensive care unit, it was found that 6 patients needed mechanical ventilation and 9 patients needed hemodialysis. Glucose, creatinine, acetyl aminotransferase (AST), partial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2), lactate, anion gap and base gap were found to be statistically significantly higher in the group treated in the intensive care unit (p
ESTUDO DO COMPORTAMENTO E A MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA DA CONSERVAÇÃO
Authors: Furtado Gil Dutra , Silva Aleudson dos Santos , Teles José Andreey Almeida 
Published: May 2022

A extensão universitária tem por objetivo promover o desenvolvimento social, fomentando projetos e programas que devem incluir os saberes e fazeres populares e garantir o respeito à pessoa e sustentabilidade ambiental e social. O estudo do ambiente marinho é considerado como algo em expansão e ainda com grandes promessas de evolução em termos científicos. Este projeto de extensão visa estabelecer uma comunicação das atividades marinhas desenvolvidas no Aquário Paraíba, sob a supervisão de seus profissionais, e os estudantes do curso de Medicina Veterinária da UNINASSAU, no que tange à observação comportamental dos exemplares marinhos do referido aquário, tendo como ponto central a extensão universitária, onde, por meio de ações de pesquisa em materiais de cunho científicos e documentações apropriadas, observações comportamentais, as quais contribuirão para ampliar a compreensão da atuação dos veterinários nestes mixos de atividade. Ao término, direcionou-se artigos científicos que refletem o aprendizado obtido durante esta atividade de extensão praticada.
Authors: Cory'ah Fitra Arsy Nur , Martiana Endri Suastika , Suseno Mutiara Rachmawati 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
Introduction: The prevalence of contraceptive use in Indonesia that is widely used is injection 29%, pill 12.1%, IUD 5%, implant 5%, Female Operation Method (MOW) 4%, condom 3%, and Male Operation Method (MOP) less than 1%. One of the efforts to increase the use of contraception, especially IUD contraception, requires educational media that can describe real physical concepts. - elements of local community culture. Methods: The type of this research is Quasi-Experimental. The design of this study is a nonequivalent control group pretest and posttest. The population in this study was 32-week case patients spread over the West Lombok district. 34 responden.Analisis the data to determine differences in the use of educational videos based on local wisdom in the use of IUD use test Mann Whitney and analysis of the effectiveness of using test the N-Gain through the use of SPSS software version 16. Results: Based on the analysis results showed that the use of video-based education local wisdom is quite effective in the use of IUD contraception in couples of childbearing age with an N-Gain score of 59.66%. Discussion: The use of educational videos based on local wisdom is quite effective compared to without using educational videos based on local wisdom in the use of IUD contraception p there are couples of childbearing age.