bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policy entry points for facilitating a transition towards a low-carbon electricity future
Authors: Yang Muyi , Sharma Deepak , Shi Xunpeng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study extends the ambit of the debate on electricity transition by specifically identifying possible policy entry points through which transformative and enduring changes can be made in the electricity and socio—economic systems to facilitate the transition process. Guided by the “essence” of the multi-level perspective — a prominent framework for the study of energy transition, four such entry points have been identified: 1) destabilising the dominant, fossil fuel-based electricity regime to create room for renewable technologies to break through; 2) reconfiguring the electricity regime, which encompasses technology, short-term operational practices and long-term planning processes, to improve flexibility for accommodating large outputs from variable renewable sources whilst maintaining supply security; 3) addressing the impact of coal power phase-out on coal mining regions in terms of economic development and jobs; and 4) facilitating a shift in transition governance towards a learning-based, reflexive process. Specific areas for policy interventions within each of these entry points have also been discussed in the paper.
Sexual Intercourse Frequency During Pregnancy: Weekly Surveys Among 237 Young Women from A Random Population-Based Sample
Authors: Blumenstock Shari M. , Barber Jennifer S. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundSignificant differences in sexual frequency during pregnancy have been documented in cross-sectional and once-per-trimester longitudinal studies, with the highest sexual frequency in the first trimester and the lowest in the third trimester. However, changes in sexual frequency may be more complex than these comparisons suggest; patterns of sexual frequency have not been assessed using frequent (e.g., weekly) assessments throughout a woman’s pregnancy.AimTo assess changes in the frequency of sexual intercourse across all weeks of pregnancy.MethodsWe used data from 237 women (54% White; 43% Black) who reported a pregnancy during the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life (RDSL) study. RDSL was based on a random population-based sample of 992 women in the United States, aged 18 or 19, who completed a baseline interview and brief weekly follow-up surveys for 2.5 years. We used generalized multilevel modeling to fit and compare linear, quadratic, and piecewise (via b-splines) models.OutcomeWeekly probability of sexual intercourse.ResultsSexual intercourse frequency clearly declined across pregnancy, yet the pattern followed the course of common pregnancy symptomology (i.e., nausea, fatigue) more closely than trimester cutoffs. The best fitting model demonstrated that the probability of sexual intercourse declined sharply (∼18% each week) between conception and 11 weeks, subsequently increased by ∼3% each week between weeks 11 and 21, and then declined steadily (∼6% each week) through the end of pregnancy.Clinical TranslationDocumenting more precise patterns of change in sexual frequency during pregnancy provides important information to many who wish to maintain sexual intimacy while pregnant, or to those who would otherwise find the sexual disruptions particularly challenging.Strengths & LimitationsThis study is the first to document changes in sexual intercourse frequency throughout all weeks of pregnancy as they naturally occurred among a representative sample of young women. The focus on sexual intercourse limits the findings to only one aspect of human sexuality. The narrow age range of the sample precludes generalization to all pregnant women.ConclusionChanges in sexual frequency are more complex than the general declines suggested by other studies; within-trimester patterns reveal the shortcomings in understanding sexual behavior changes when aggregated by trimester, such as severely underestimating the degree of fluctuation in the first trimester. Pregnancy symptomology may be most favorable to intercourse towards the end of the first and beginning of second trimesters, and least favorable near the end of the pregnancy.
A 12-year epidemiological study of Acinetobacter baumannii from blood culture isolates in a single tertiary-care hospital using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based open reading frame typing
Authors: Fujikura Yuji , Hamamoto Takaaki , Yuki Atsushi , Sampei Ayumi , Ichie Nozomi , Takamizawa Kazuho , Nomura Sakika , Serizawa Yusuke , Ohno Tomohiro , Tsujimoto Hironori 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Acinetobacter baumannii is a causative agent of healthcare-associated infections, and the introduction and spread of A. baumannii that has acquired drug resistance within a hospital are serious healthcare problems. We investigated the transition of epidemic clones and the occurrence of outbreaks by molecular epidemiological analysis to understand the long-term behavior of A. baumannii within a single facility.

Methods:
A. baumannii isolates collected from blood-culture–positive patients between January 2009 and December 2020 were subjected to PCR-based open reading frame typing (POT) for species identification, clonal typing, and homology searches.

Results:
Of the strains isolated from blood cultures, 49 were identified as A. baumannii and analyzed with POT. The POT#1=122 clones had different antimicrobial resistance profiles to the other POT clones, and strains belonging to this clone were dominant during outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter. Although the clonal diversity of A. baumannii decreased and its antimicrobial resistance increased during the outbreaks, clonal diversity and the in-hospital antibiogram improved at the end of the outbreaks. The POT#1=122 clone was not eliminated from the hospital during the study period.

Conclusions:
POT is a simple and suitable method for molecular epidemiological monitoring and can show the introduction, outbreak, and subsequent transition of an epidemic clone of A. baumannii.
Bounds for the chi-square approximation of the power divergence family of statistics
Authors: Gaunt Robert E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIt is well known that each statistic in the family of power divergence statistics, acrossntrials andrclassifications with index parameter$\lambda\in\mathbb{R}$(the Pearson, likelihood ratio, and Freeman–Tukey statistics correspond to$\lambda=1,0,-1/2$, respectively), is asymptotically chi-square distributed as the sample size tends to infinity. We obtain explicit bounds on this distributional approximation, measured using smooth test functions, that hold for a given finite samplen, and all index parameters ($\lambda>-1$) for which such finite-sample bounds are meaningful. We obtain bounds that are of the optimal order$n^{-1}$. The dependence of our bounds on the index parameter$\lambda$and the cell classification probabilities is also optimal, and the dependence on the number of cells is also respectable. Our bounds generalise, complement, and improve on recent results from the literature.
The Geography of Democratic Discontent
Authors: Ballard-Rosa Cameron , Carnegie Allison , Schonfeld Bryan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the determinants of support for democracy remains at the heart of many puzzles in international and comparative political economy. A central but still unresolved topic in this literature is the conditions under which such support dissipates. To answer this question, this article focuses on distributional politics: since democratic leaders possess limited budgets but need to win elections, they often skew resources toward one politically influential sector, leading to more negative attitudes toward democracy among electorally ignored populations. In particular, we argue that governments often face a key political trade-off: whether to direct resources to the agricultural sector or to encourage urban development. After developing this argument in a formal model, we detail historical accounts that substantiate the mechanisms identified in the model. Finally, we provide cross-national quantitative evidence that discontent with democracy increases among geographic populations when governments disproportionately distribute resources toward other sectors.
Subulura eliseaesp. n. (Ascaridida: Subuluroidea), a parasite ofMarmosaspp. from Amazon rainforest, Brazil
Authors: Andrade Silva B.E. d. , Vilela R. do Val , Freitas L. da Costa , Pacheco R.d. Campos , de Mendonça R.F.B. , Rossi R.V. , Maldonado A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe parasite biodiversity of mouse opossums in Brazil remains incompletely explored. We describe a new species ofSubulura(Ascaridida: Subuluroidea) from the large intestine of the white-bellied woolly mouse opossum,Marmosa constantiae, based on the results of light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also partially sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (MT-CO1) gene of the new species, using molecular phylogenetic analyses to determine its relationships within the Subuluroidea superfamily. As molecular data on subuluroid species are extremely limited, few inferences could be drawn from our phylogenies. Our SEM observations showed the detailed morphology of the cephalic extremity, precloacal pseudo-sucker, caudal papillae, phasmids and vulva.Subulura eliseaesp. n. differs from the other fourSubuluraparasites species of marsupials by the number of caudal papillae and the structure dimensions, and size of the spicule. Moreover,S. eliseaesp. n. has ten pairs of caudal papillae, which is unique compared to other species. We present morphometric and molecular data on this new species, contributing to future studies on subuluroids.
Factors associated with mental health service use among families bereaved by pediatric cancer
Authors: Hill Kylie N. , Olsavsky Anna , Barrera Maru , Gilmer Mary Jo , Fairclough Diane L. , Akard Terrah Foster , Compas Bruce E. , Vannatta Kathryn , Gerhardt Cynthia A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe identified types of interventions used by bereaved family members and examined associations with demographic and medical factors. Furthermore, we examined associations between distress and intervention use among bereaved families.MethodsBereaved families (n = 85) were recruited from three children's hospitals 3–12 months after their child died of cancer. One eligible sibling (ages 8–17) per family was randomly selected for participation. During home visits 1-year post-death, parents reported on their own and the sibling's intervention use, helpfulness, and dose (self-help books, support groups, therapy, medication), and distress, defined as internalizing, externalizing, and total problems (Adult Self Report, Child Behavior Checklist).ResultsFifty percent of mothers used medications (n = 43); utilization was low among fathers (17%, n = 9) and siblings (5%, n = 4). Individuals with more total problems were more likely to use medications (mothers: rpb = 0.27; p = 0.02; fathers: rpb = 0.32; p = 0.02; siblings: rpb = 0.26; p = 0.02). Mothers and siblings with more total problems used more services (r = 0.24; p = 0.03 and r = 0.29; p = 0.01, respectively). Among mothers, the overall regression was significant, R2 = 0.11, F(2, 80) = 4.954, p = 0.01; the deceased child's age at death was significantly associated with total services used (b = 0.052, p = 0.022). Among fathers, the overall regression was significant, R2 = 0.216, F(3, 49) = 4.492, p = 0.007; race and years of education were significantly associated with total services used (b = 0.750, p = 0.030 and b = 0.154, p = 0.010). Among siblings, the overall regression was significant R2 = 0.088, F(2, 80) = 3.867, p = 0.025; greater total problems were significantly associated with total services used (b = 0.012, p = 0.007).Significance of resultsAlthough few background factors were related to intervention use, bereaved mothers and siblings may seek services if they have more distress. Healthcare providers should be aware of the types of services that are most often utilized and helpful to bereaved families to connect them with appropriate resources. Future research should investigate other predictors of intervention use and outcomes after the death of a child.
Swear Word Fluency, Verbal Fluency, Vocabulary, Personality, and Drug Involvement
Authors: Reiman Anna-Kaisa , Earleywine Mitchell 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Swearing is stereotypically associated with socially undesirable traits and behaviors, including limited verbal ability, disagreeable personality, and alcohol use. We sought to demonstrate that, contrary to such stereotypes, swear word fluency (i.e., ability to generate swear words) does not arise from a lack of verbal skills. We also explored whether swear word fluency might serve as an index of personality traits related to drug use. Accordingly, we conducted a preregistered study in which 266 undergraduates at a US university ( Mage = 19.36; 66.9% self-identified as women and 49.6% as White) completed measures of swear word fluency, verbal fluency (i.e., overall ability to generate words), vocabulary, Big Five traits, sensation seeking, and drug use. We observed positive associations between swear word fluency and verbal fluency, vocabulary, Openness, and Extraversion, and a negative association with Agreeableness. Moreover, swear word fluency accounted for unique variance in self-reported drug use over and above that accounted for by personality and general verbal ability. Swear word fluency might serve as one of few tasks where higher scores predict more drug involvement, justifying further work linking this measure with other aspects of personality and drug use.
The Psychological Benefits of Scary Play in Three Types of Horror	Fans
Authors: Scrivner Coltan , Andersen Marc Malmdorf , Schjødt Uffe , Clasen Mathias 
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Why do people seek out frightening leisure activities such as horror films and haunted attractions, and does the experience benefit them in any way? In this article, we address these questions through two separate studies. In Study 1, we asked American horror fans ( n = 256) why they like horror and identified three overall types of horror fans, which we term “Adrenaline Junkies,” “White Knucklers,” and “Dark Copers.” In Study 2, we collected data from Danish visitors at a haunted house attraction ( n = 258) and replicated the findings from Study 1 by finding the same three types of horror fans. Furthermore, we show that these three types of horror fans report distinct benefits from horror experiences. Adrenaline Junkies reported immediate enjoyment, White Knucklers reported personal growth, and Dark Copers reported both. These results suggest that frightening leisure activities are not only an outlet for sensation-seeking, and that the allure of horror may have as much to do with learning and personal growth as it has with high-arousal fun.
Spatiotemporal Limitations of Data‐Driven Modeling: An ISINGLASS Case Study
Authors: Burleigh M. , Lynch K. , Zettergren M. , Clayton R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIonospheric outflow remains difficult to predict because of myriad processes acting over a large range of altitudes, physical regimes, and time scales. This study uses the ionospheric model Geospace Environment Model of Ion‐Neutral Interactions with Transverse Ion Acceleration (GEMINI‐TIA) and sounding rocket campaign data to assess the impact of this spatially and temporally variable energy inputs on ionospheric upflow. The Ionospheric Structuring: In situ and Groundbased Low Altitude Studies B sounding rocket was launched on 03/02/17, into a substorm expansion, and included nearby ground‐based measurements which, along with in situ data, are used to construct electron precipitation and electric field inputs to GEMINI‐TIA for purposes of modeling complicated upflow patterns in two important limits: (a) time variable but spatially constant inputs or (b) spatially variable inputs that are constant in time. Realistic ionospheric responses will likely fall between these two limiting cases and may also include additional energy sources not constrained by the rocket. To investigate mixed spatial and temporal forcing we conduct a couple of simulations driven with ground‐based data that resolves both space and time variations in the forcing but at a much lower spatial and temporal resolution. Results demonstrate that the time history of the ionosphere also plays a significant role when accurately describing the upflow response to auroral heating. It takes up to 20 min for simulations initialized with different conditions to converge, suggesting that at the local scales and altitude range studied here it is necessary to include at least that much hysteresis in data analysis and modeling efforts.
Data‐Guided Exploration of the Energy Partitioning at Land Surface in the Contiguous US
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Dingbao , Sivapalan Murugesu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study explores the climatic controls of the long‐term energy partitioning of net radiation into sensible heat and latent heat at watershed scale, by following a data‐guided approach. Collected data shows that the relationship between the evaporative fraction (ratio of latent heat to net radiation) and the aridity index (ratio of energy supply to water supply), which represents the climatic conditions at watershed scale, follows a trend similar to the Budyko curve. To explore the physical basis of this relationship, we hypothesize that there are mediating factors connecting energy partitioning with climate. Two potential mediating factors are considered, namely the equilibrium root zone soil moisture and land‐air temperature difference. We extract empirical relationships between the mediating factors and the partitioning fractions of water and energy fluxes based on observational data in 219 study watersheds across the contiguous US. With the obtained empirical relationships, we analytically derive two alternate Budyko‐type equations for energy partitioning, for each of the two mediating factors separately. Both equations show similar trends as the Budyko curve. We also derive a function to relate energy partitioning to water partitioning Budyko‐type equations, suggesting a close connection between the two. The study brings out the mediating roles of soil moisture and temperature gradient that connect water/energy partitioning with climate over long timescales in watersheds. In the process, the analysis results also provide useful insights about complex watershed system behavior. The observed relationships can be used to constrain hydrological and Earth system models and thus improve modeling performance.
The Transient Sea Level Response to External Forcing in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Grinsted Aslak , Bamber Jonathan , Bingham Rory , Buzzard Sammie , Nias Isabel , Ng Kelvin , Weeks Jennifer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEarth is warming and sea levels are rising as land‐based ice is lost to melt, and oceans expand due to accumulation of heat. The pace of ice loss and steric expansion is linked to the intensity of warming. How much faster sea level will rise as climate warms is, however, highly uncertain and difficult to model. Here, we quantify the transient sea level sensitivity of the sea level budget in both models and observations. Models show little change in sensitivity to warming between the first and second half of the twenty‐first century for most contributors. The exception is glaciers and ice caps (GIC) that have a greater sensitivity pre‐2050 (2.8 ± 0.4 mm/yr/K) compared to later (0.7 ± 0.1 mm/yr/K). We attribute this change to the short response time of glaciers and their changing area over time. Model sensitivities of steric expansion (1.5 ± 0.2 mm/yr/K), and Greenland Ice Sheet mass loss (0.8 ± 0.2 mm/yr/K) are greater than, but still compatible with, corresponding estimates from historical data (1.4 ± 0.5 and 0.4 ± 0.2 mm/yr/K). Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) models tends to show lower rates of sea level rise (SLR) with warming (−0.0 ± 0.3 mm/yr/K) in contrast to historical estimates (0.4 ± 0.2 mm/yr/K). This apparent low bias in AIS sensitivity is only partly able to account for a similar low bias identified in the sensitivity of global mean sea level excluding GIC (3.1 ± 0.4 vs. 2.3 ± 0.4 mm/yr/K). The balance temperature, where SLR is zero, lies close to the pre‐industrial value, implying that SLR can only be mitigated by substantial global cooling.
Sulfide Dissolution on the Nickel Isotopic Composition of Basaltic Rocks
Authors: Sheng Si‐Zhang , Wang Shui‐Jiong , Yang Xi‐Ming , Chen Li‐Hui , Zeng Gang , Xiao Yan , Shen Ji , Dong Xu‐Han , Lv Yi‐Wen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGlobal basaltic rocks show large variations in nickel (Ni) isotopic compositions relative to peridotites. The origin of this difference remains unknown. We analyzed Ni isotopic compositions of mineral separates from seven Beiyan peridotite xenoliths and 16 nephelinites from eastern China. Spinel is isotopically heavier, and clinopyroxene is systemically lighter than coexisting olivine and orthopyroxene. An ionic model predicts that olivine, orthopyroxene, and spinel are in Ni isotopic equilibrium, whereas clinopyroxene of metasomatic origin is out of equilibrium. The nephelinites have higher Fe3+/ΣFe but lower δ60/58Ni values than the peridotites. Mantle silicate melting likely leads to enrichment of heavy Ni isotopes in melts, and, importantly, it cannot explain the negative correlation between δ60/58Ni and Fe3+/ΣFe of the nephelinites. Therefore, the light Ni isotopic signature requires the involvement of a low‐δ60/58Ni component. Sulfide is a minor Ni‐rich component in the mantle and is isotopically lighter than the silicates. The relative proportion of Ni from sulfides vs. that from silicates varies in mantle‐derived magmas, depending on the sulfur content at sulfide saturation and melting degree. Thus, low‐degree melts with high abundance of dissolved sulfides can be variably enriched in light Ni isotopes. We propose that enhanced sulfide dissolution at high oxygen fugacity is a key reason for light Ni isotopic compositions in the nephelinites. This sulfide dissolution model may also be responsible for producing the Ni isotopic variation in global mafic lithologies. When the highly oxidized, low‐degree melts react with the peridotitic region, they can impart light Ni isotopic signatures to mantle rocks.
Seismic Contributions to Secular Changes in Global Geodynamic Parameters
Authors: Xu Changyi , Li Juan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSecular changes in global geodynamic parameters (polar motion excitation, length of day, and J2, etc.) are significant to understand internal mass transport in the solid Earth system and surface geophysical fluids related to global climate. However, the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) and climate‐driven surface mass redistribution are insufficient to explain the origin. We are motivated to report the significance of seismic effect in the pursuit of understanding the budget of secular changes in geodynamic parameters. The seismic effect is comparable to the GIA effect and amounts to 20% or larger (up to 30%) of the observed secular changes in global geodynamic parameters. Therefore, the seismic effect must be treated as one key mechanism of driving secular changes in geodynamic parameters, which is critical to invert rheological structure, clarify internal dynamic processes, and reveal the physical evolution of the Earth.