bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human, Animal and Automata Attributions: an Investigation of the Multidimensionality of the Ontologization Process
Authors: Pivetti Monica , Melotti Giannino , Meneghini Anna Maria , Puntin Elisa , Villano Paola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ontologization process involves the use of social representation relating to the human–animal binary to classify ingroup and outgroup members. To date, no study has investigated the multidimensional nature (i.e. human, animal and automata) of the ontologizing process via structural equation modelling (SEM). Four hundred and twenty-one Italian participants were asked to attribute 24 positive/negative, human/animal/automata associates to each of three target groups: typical Roma/Chinese/Italian. Results showed that the proposed six-factor model (i.e. positive/negative, human/animal/automata essence) was statistically robust for each of the three groups. The Roma group was animalized by attributing more animal negative associates than any other target group, whereas the Chinese group was mainly given a robot positive essence.
Flexible nanostructured TiO2-based gas and UV sensors: a review
Authors: Nunes Daniela , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFlexible sensors have been attracting an ever-growing attention over the last years due to their outstanding characteristics, that include their lightweight and cost-effective characteristics, high stretchability, biocompatibility, and conformability. Moreover, the pursue of such devices has exponentially raised, with the IoT (Internet of Things) technology and the integration of several kinds of sensor devices that allow exchanging information on the internet, as well as remotely operating devices and collecting data. In fact, IoT is bringing sensor usage to a new level, where gas and ultraviolet (UV) sensors are largely integrated, guaranteeing the well-being and safety of people, with the immediate detection and response to changes in an environment. Gas and UV sensors based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) have been largely reported, where numerous efforts have been devoted to improving its sensing performance, especially when employing TiO2 at the nanoscale. TiO2 has the advantage of being chemical stable, non-toxic, inexpensive, and compatible with low-cost wet-chemical synthesis routes. This review outlines the current state of flexible gas and UV sensor technologies having TiO2 as the sensing layer and the impact of this nanostructured material on the field.
Modern Erasures
Authors: Fuller Pierre 
Published: March 2022

Modern Erasures is an ambitious and innovative study of the acts of epistemic violence behind China's transformation from a semicolonized republic to a Communist state over the twentieth century. Pierre Fuller charts the pedigree of Maoist thought and practice between the May Fourth movement of 1919 and the peak of the Cultural Revolution in 1969 to shed light on the relationship between epistemic and physical violence, book burning and bloodletting, during China's revolutions. Focusing on communities in remote Gansu province and the wider region over half a century, Fuller argues that in order to justify the human cost of revolution and the building of the national party-state, a form of revolutionary memory developed in China on the nature of social relations and civic affairs in the recent past. Through careful analysis of intellectual and cultural responses to, and memories of, earthquakes, famine and other disaster events in China, this book shows how the Maoist evocation of the 'old society' earmarked for destruction was only the most extreme phase of a transnational, colonial-era conversation on the 'backwardness' of rural communities.
‘They Accept Bribes; We Accept Bribery’: Conditional Effects of Corrupt Encounters on the Evaluation of Public Institutions
Authors: Letki Natalia , Górecki Maciej A. , Gendźwiłł Adam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe conventional view of corruption emphasizes its detrimental impact on the evaluations of public institutions. This view implies that in corruption-intense environments, the public should exert strong pressure on relevant authorities to combat corruption. Yet, multiple historical accounts suggest that in such contexts, corruption tends to thrive even despite extensive state-imposed anti-corruption measures. In this letter, we address this puzzle by studying the context-dependent effects of individual experiences of petty corrupt exchanges on the popular evaluation of public institutions. Drawing on the literature on the functionality of informal exchanges and normalization of corruption, we posit that negative effects of such experiences will be attenuated by the presence of institutional corruption among public service providers. In contexts permeated by corruption, corrupt exchanges will become routine, with limited effect on citizens' perceptions of street-level bureaucracy. Our empirical test, relying on a unique cross-national survey dataset from Central-Eastern Europe and a fine-grained ecological (municipality-level) indicator of corruption, largely supports these conjectures.
An updated world key to the species ofAcanthotheciss. lat. (Ascomycota:Graphidaceae), with ten new species from Brazil
Authors: Feuerstein Shirley Cunha , Aptroot André , da Silveira Rosa Mara Borges , Lücking Robert , Cáceres Marcela Eugenia da Silva 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs part of a revision of the genusAcanthotheciss. lat. (Graphidaceae) in Brazil, an updated world key to the known species of the genus is presented. From Brazil, the following ten new species are described:A. latispora, with single-spored asci, large, muriform ascospores, and norstictic and stictic acids;A. megalospora,with single-spored asci, very large, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic and protocetraric acids;A. multiseptata, with 8-spored asci, medium-sized and narrow, transversely multiseptate ascospores, and lacking secondary substances except terpenoids;A. norstictica, with 1–2-spored asci, large, muriform ascospores, and norstictic acid;A. oryzoides, with 8-spored asci, medium-sized, transversely septate ascospores, and norstictic acid;A. rimosa, with 2-spored asci, small to medium-sized, muriform ascospores, and stictic acid;A. roseola, with 1–2-spored asci, large, muriform ascospores, and norstictic, stictic and subnorstictic acids;A. saxicola, with 8-spored asci, small, 3-septate ascospores, and norstictic acid;A. subfarinosa, with 8-spored asci, small, 6–8-septate ascospores, and norstictic acid; andA. submuriformis, with 8-spored asci, small, submuriform ascospores, and lichexanthone. In addition, three further species are formally validated, namelyA. bicellulata,A. farinosaandA. subabaphoides, and the new combinationA. bicellularisis proposed, based onAcanthotrema bicellularis.
Congenital left ventricular aneurysm of interventricular septum: prenatal diagnosis and long-term management
Authors: Cavalla Francesca , Cipriani Adriano 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCongenital left ventricular aneurysm is a rare anomaly consisting of an extroflection from left ventricular walls with a wide connection. Most left ventricular aneurysms are asymptomatic and diagnosed as incidental finding, but can be associated with complications during follow-up. We present a case of congenital left ventricular aneurysm at the level of the interventricular septum with secondary remodelling of the left ventricle.
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a questionnaire on eating habits and physical activity of university students in confinement due to coronavirus disease
Authors: Cofre Sebastian , Perez Victoria , Giuras Nicole , Pino Jose L , Diaz Claudio , Arguello Graciela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjective:The purpose of the current study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate an online questionnaire to assess eating habits and physical activity of university students under confinement due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19).Design:Generation of a cross-sectional online survey to university students conducted during confinement due to COVID-19. The study was divided into two phases.Settings:Students, Chile.Participants:Phase 1 considered the process of translation and back translation, expert panel, cultural adaptation and the generation of a pilot to validate a preliminary format of the questionnaire. In Phase 2, information from the instrument was collected from two hundred and sixty-eight university students, ages 16 to 30 years old, with a mean age of 21·6 (3·3) The major proportion of participants were female (82 %).Results:The adapted questionnaire was statistically validated in three dimensions: (A) eating habits and behaviours during quarantine, (B) perception of risk and (C) physical activity changes during the quarantine. The reliability of Cronbach’s α for dimensions A, B and C was 0·59, 0·85 and 0·97, respectively. The complete questionnaire obtained 0·61 in internal consistency and 0·61 (0·58–0·67) ICC reliability. A statistically significant positive correlation matrix was observed.Conclusions:This questionnaire is a practical tool to obtain accurate information about the relation of COVID-19 confinement on people’s eating habits and physical activity. Therefore, it could contribute to establishing appropriate strategies to prevent negative effects on people’s health.
Cultural adaptation of cognitive behaviour therapy for depression: a qualitative study exploring views of patients and practitioners from India
Authors: Jameel Sayma , Munivenkatappa Manjula , Arumugham Shyam Sundar , Thennarasu K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression. However, culture can influence engagement and treatment efficacy of CBT. Several attempts have been made in Asian countries to develop a culturally adapted CBT for depression. However, research in the Indian context documenting the views on cultural influence of CBT is limited. The present study is an attempt to explore the views of patients and therapists in India by following an evidence-based approach that focuses on three areas for adaptation: (1) awareness of relevant cultural issues and preparation for therapy; (2) assessment and engagement; and (3) adjustments in therapy techniques. Semi-structured interviews with three consultant clinical psychologists/therapists, a focused group discussion with six clinical psychologists, and two patients undergoing CBT for depression were conducted. The data were analysed using a thematic framework analysis by identifying emerging themes and categories. The results highlight therapists’ experiences, problems faced, and recommendations in all three areas of adaptation. The findings highlight the need for adaptation with understanding and acknowledging the culture differences and clinical presentation. Culturally sensitive assessment and formulation with minor adaptation in clinical practice was recommended. Therapists emphasised the use of proverbs, local stories and simplified terminologies in therapy. The findings will aid in providing culturally sensitive treatment to patients with depression in India.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand the views of Indian patients and therapists based on their experience of CBT.

(2)
To understand the need for cultural adaptation of CBT in India.

(3)
To understand the adaptations by therapists while using CBT in clinical practice.

(4)
To gain perspective on how CBT can be culturally adapted to meet the needs of the Indian population.
Parabolic reflectarray antenna to generate multiple beams for geostationary high throughput satellites in Ka-band
Authors: Martinez-de-Rioja Daniel , Martinez-de-Rioja Eduardo , Rodriguez-Vaqueiro Yolanda , Encinar Jose A. , Pino Antonio , Arias Marcos , Arrebola Manuel , Toso Giovanni 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis contribution describes the design and simulations of a multibeam 1.8 m parabolic reflectarray antenna for geostationary high throughput satellites (HTS) in Ka-band. The parabolic reflectarray generates two orthogonal circularly polarized beams per feed simultaneously at 19.7 and 29.5 GHz, by the variable rotation technique. The antenna is made of 62 654 reflectarray cells, which include two types of printed elements independently rotated and adjusted. The elements have been optimized one by one to ensure the required phase-shift at each frequency. A novel design approach has made it possible to promptly obtain an initial layout of every element with a very low computational cost. The simulated radiation patterns show that the parabolic reflectarray, illuminated by 27 dual-circularly polarized feeds, can generate 54 spot-beams in two orthogonal polarizations, with a beam spacing of 0.56° between adjacent beams. The design and simulation tools have been validated by a parabolic reflectarray scaled in a factor of 0.5, which has been manufactured and tested. The proposed reflectarray would allow to generate a complete multi-spot coverage from a geostationary HTS with only two parabolic reflectarrays, instead of four reflector antennas, also reducing the number of feeds by half, since every feed generates two beams.
Tradeoffs and Synergies Across Global Climate Change Adaptations in the Food‐Energy‐Water Nexus
Authors: Torhan S. , Grady C. A. , Ajibade I. , Galappaththi E. K. , Hernandez R. R. , Musah‐Surugu J. I. , Nunbogu A. M. , Segnon A. C. , Shang Y. , Ulibarri N. , Campbell D. , Joe E. T. , Penuelas J. , Sardans J. , Shah M. A. R. ,   the Global Adaptation Mapping Team
Published: March 2022

AbstractFood‐energy‐water (FEW) systems are increasingly vulnerable to natural hazards and climate change risks, yet humans depend on these systems for their daily needs, wellbeing, and survival. We investigated how adaptations related to FEW vulnerabilities are occurring and what the global community can learn about the interactions across these adaptations. We conducted a global analysis of a data set derived from scientific literature to present the first large scale assessment (n = 1,204) of evidence‐based FEW‐related climate adaptations. We found that the most frequently reported adaptations to FEW vulnerabilities by continent occurred in Africa (n = 495) and Asia (n = 492). Adaptations targeting food security were more robustly documented than those relevant to water and energy security, suggesting a greater global demand to address food security. Determining statistically significant associations, we found a network of connections between variables characterizing FEW‐related adaptations and showed interconnectedness between a variety of natural hazards, exposures, sectors, actors, cross‐cutting topics and geographic locations. Connectivity was found between the vulnerabilities food security, water, community sustainability, and response to sea level rise across cities, settlements, and key infrastructure sectors. Additionally, generalized linear regression models revealed potential synergies and tradeoffs among FEW adaptations, such as a necessity to synergistically adapt systems to protect food and water security and tradeoffs when simultaneously addressing exposures of consumption and production vs. poverty. Results from qualitative thematic coding showcased that adaptations documented as targeting multiple exposures are still limited in considering interconnectivity of systems and applying a nexus approach in their responses. These results suggest that adopting a nexus approach to future FEW‐related adaptations can have profound benefits in the management of scarce resources and with financial constraints.
Diagnosing Two‐Way Coupling in Decadal North Atlantic SST Variability Using Time‐Evolving Self‐Organizing Maps
Authors: Gu Qinxue , Gervais Melissa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDecadal variability in the North Atlantic plays a critical role in modulating regional and global climate. To identify the complex spatiotemporal patterns associated with decadal variability and diagnose mechanisms responsible spatially and over time simultaneously, we debut a novel application of a machine learning method—evolution self‐organizing maps. This time‐evolving framework is applied to a Community Earth System Model pre‐industrial simulation to identify 10‐year consecutive spatiotemporal evolutions of winter sea surface temperature (SST). Here we focus on a single evolution that transitions from SST patterns typically associated with a positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) to a positive Atlantic Multidecadal Variability to a weak negative NAO and find that it can occur over just a 10‐year period. This method facilitates a new examination of buoyancy‐driven and wind‐driven ocean circulations as well as ocean‐atmosphere transient‐eddy feedbacks that confirms the importance of coupled atmosphere‐ocean dynamics in producing this decadal variability.
Trapped Under Ice: Spatial and Seasonal Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Matter Composition in Tundra Lakes
Authors: Kurek Martin R. , Frey Karen E. , Guillemette François , Podgorski David C. , Townsend‐Small Amy , Arp Christopher D. , Kellerman Anne M. , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractArctic lakes store, modify, and transport large quantities of carbon from terrestrial environments to the atmosphere; however, the spatial and temporal relationships between quantity and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) have not been well characterized across broad arctic regions. Moreover, most arctic lake DOM compositions have been examined during the ice‐free summer, whereas DOM cycling between the ice‐covered winter months and summer have not been addressed. To resolve these spatial and seasonal uncertainties in DOM cycling, we sampled a series of arctic lakes from the North Slope of Alaska across a latitudinal gradient in the winter and summer over 3 years. Samples were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon concentration and DOM composition was characterized using optical and fluorescence properties combined with molecular‐level analysis using Fourier transform‐ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Tundra lake DOM properties including aromaticity and molecular stoichiometries were similar to other northern high‐latitude lakes, but optical parameters related to aromaticity and molecular weight were greater in major arctic rivers and in coastal lakes in the North Slope region. DOM composition was highly seasonal, with ice exclusion concentrating microbially processed DOM in the winter water columns, potentially influencing DOM cycling the following summer. However, the greatest variations in DOM composition were related to lake depth and likely other physical features including morphology and bathymetry. As the Arctic warms, we expect changes in hydrology and ice cover to enhance under‐ice microbial DOM processing, early summer photodegradation, and ultimately carbon fluxes to the atmosphere after ice‐out.
Orbital Observations of a Marker Horizon at Gale Crater
Authors: Weitz Catherine M. , Lewis Kevin W. , Bishop Janice L. , Thomson Bradley J. , Arvidson Raymond E. , Grant John A. , Seelos Kimberly D. , Ettenborough Ivy 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA dark‐toned, indurated, smooth horizon, and (or) bed (herein called “marker horizon”) is exposed across much of the northwestern, southwestern, and southeastern portions of Mount Sharp in Gale crater. Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars spectra taken from the marker horizon exhibit evidence for the presence of high calcium pyroxene and other basaltic minerals in contrast to the hydrated sulfate signatures associated with strata above and below it. Mean dips for the marker horizon and sulfate‐bearing strata are 1–5° with almost all azimuths radially away from the center of Mount Sharp. The marker horizon thickness varies between <1 and 3 m and its elevation changes by 1.6 km across the mound. Surface slopes along the sulfate‐bearing strata above and below the marker horizon are typically 20°–40° compared to <5° surface slopes on the marker horizon. Features observed on the marker horizon include ridges, fractures, faults, layering, oval depressions, small craters, and possible yardangs/indurated bedforms. We interpret the marker horizon to be a single unit that formed contemporaneously across Mount Sharp during the same depositional sequence that created the sulfate‐bearing strata. Plausible formation mechanisms for the marker horizon include (1) emplacement of a more indurated sulfate unit, either from (a) primary deposition or (b) secondary diagenesis; (2) deposition of a more resistant sandstone unit during a brief drier period; (3) emplacement of a volcanic ash deposit laid down in the midst of the sulfate formation period; or (4) a lag deposit created during a drier period. Based on our observations, origins (1a) and (3) are the most plausible.
Patient-derived pancreatic cancer-on-a-chip recapitulates the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Haque Muhammad R. , Wessel Caitlin R. , Leary Daniel D. , Wang Chengyao , Bhushan Abhinav , Bishehsari Faraz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe patient population suffering from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents, as a whole, with a high degree of molecular tumor heterogeneity. The heterogeneity of PDAC tumor composition has complicated treatment and stalled success in clinical trials. Current in vitro techniques insufficiently replicate the intricate stromal components of PDAC tumor microenvironments (TMEs) and fail to model a given tumor’s unique genetic phenotype. The development of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) has opened the door for improved personalized medicine since PDOs are derived directly from patient tumors, thus preserving the tumors’ unique behaviors and genetic phenotypes. This study developed a tumor-chip device engineered to mimic the PDAC TME by incorporating PDOs and stromal cells, specifically pancreatic stellate cells and macrophages. Establishing PDOs in a multicellular microfluidic chip device prolongs cellular function and longevity and successfully establishes a complex organotypic tumor environment that incorporates desmoplastic stroma and immune cells. When primary cancer cells in monoculture were subjected to stroma-depleting agents, there was no effect on cancer cell viability. However, targeting stroma in our tumor-chip model resulted in a significant increase in the chemotherapy effect on cancer cells, thus validating the use of this tumor-chip device for drug testing.