bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faster Convergence in Multiobjective Optimization Algorithms Based on Decomposition
Authors: Lavinas Yuri , Ladeira Marcelo , Aranha Claus 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Resource Allocation approach (RA) improves the performance of MOEA/D by maintaining a big population and updating few solutions each generation. However, most of the studies on RA generally focused on the properties of different Resource Allocation metrics. Thus, it is still uncertain what the main factors are that lead to increments in performance of MOEA/D with RA. This study investigates the effects of MOEA/D with the Partial Update Strategy (PS) in an extensive set of MOPs to generate insights into correspondences of MOEA/D with the partial update and MOEA/D with small population size and big population size. Our work undertakes an in-depth analysis of the populational dynamics behaviour considering their final approximation Pareto sets, anytime hypervolume performance, attained regions, and number of unique nondominated solutions. Our results indicate that MOEA/D with partial update progresses with the search as fast as MOEA/D with small population size and explores the search space as MOEA/D with big population size. MOEA/D with partial update can mitigate common problems related to population size choice with better convergence speed in most MOPs, as shown by the results of hypervolume and number of unique nondominated solutions, and as the anytime performance and Empirical Attainment Function indicate.
German cities with universities: Socioeconomic position and university performance
Authors: van Raan Anthony F. J. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A much-debated topic is the role of universities in the prosperity of cities and regions. Two major problems arise. First, what is a reliable measurement of prosperity? And second, what are the characteristics, particularly research performance, of a university that matter? I focus on this research question: Is there a significant relation between having a university and a city’s socioeconomic strength? And if so, what are the determining indicators of a university; for instance, how important is scientific collaboration? What is the role of scientific quality measured by citation impact? Does the size of a university, measured in number of publications or in number of students matter? I compiled a database of city and university data: gross urban product and population data of nearly 200 German cities and 400 districts. University data are derived from the Leiden Ranking 2020 and supplemented with data on the number of students. The socioeconomic strength of a city is determined using the urban scaling methodology. My study shows a significant relation between the presence of a university in a city and its socioeconomic indicators, particularly for larger cities, and that this is especially the case for universities with higher values of their output, impact and collaboration indicators.
Prehospital Simple Thoracostomy Does Not Improve Patient Outcomes Compared to Needle Thoracostomy in Severely Injured Trauma Patients
Authors: Harris Charles T. , Taghavi Sharven , Bird Emily , Duchesne Juan , Jacome Tomas , Tatum Danielle 
Published: February 2022

Background ATLS suggests simple thoracostomy (ST) after failure of needle thoracostomy (NT) in thoracic trauma. Some EMS agencies have adopted ST into their practice. We sought to describe our experience implementing ST in the prehospital setting, hypothesizing that prehospital ST would reduce failure rates and improve outcomes compared to NT. Methods This was a retrospective review of adult trauma patients who received prehospital ST or NT from 2017 to 2020. Results There were 48 patients with 64 procedures included. 83.7% were male and 65.8% injured by penetrating mechanism and of median (IQR) age of 31 (25-46) years. 28 (43.8%) procedures were NT and 36 (56.3%) were ST. Rates of improved patient response ( P = .15), noted return of blood/air ( P = .19), and return of spontaneous circulation ( P = .62) did not differ. On-scene times were higher for ST (16.8 vs 11.5 minutes; P < .02). Overall mortality did not differ between ST and NT (68.2% vs 46.4%, respectively; P = .125). For patients that survived beyond the ED, procedure-related complication rates were 2 of 21 patients (9.5%) in ST and 1 of 12 (8.3%) in NT. In penetrating trauma, simple thoracostomy had longer on-scene time and total prehospital time. Discussion ST did not improve success rates of ROSC and was associated with prolonged prehospital times, especially in penetrating trauma patients. Given the benefit of “scoop and run” in urban penetrating trauma, consideration should be given to direct transport in lieu of ST. Use of ST in blunt trauma should be evaluated prospectively.
Alternatively-spliced lncRNA-PNUTS promotes HCC cell EMT via regulating ZEB1 expression
Authors: Zhao Haiyan , Liu Chang , Zhao Chongyu , Che Chi , Liu Wuguang , Mei Yan 
Published: February 2022

Background: Long non-coding RNAs have been implicated in various cancers as they regulate critical cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in tumorous tissues. lncRNA-PNUTS is newly reported as an alternatively-spliced lncRNA from PNUTS pre-mRNA that promotes oncogenesis in breast cancer. However, whether LncRNA-PNUTS plays a role in other forms of cancers, such as liver cancer, remains unknown. Method: In the current study, we investigated the potential role of lncRNA-PNUTS in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The levels of lncRNA-PNUTS in tumorous tissues obtained from HCC patients were measured. The potential impacts of lncPNUTS on metastasis and invasion were investigated through gain- or loss- of function experiments in cell models of liver cancers, as well as other cellular assays such as trans-well assays and wound-healing assays. Results: Here, we report that lncPNUTS was upregulated in human HCC tissues. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments indicated lncPNUTS promoted metastasis and invasion. In addition, ZEB1, which is involved in the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), was identified as a downstream target of lncPNUTS. Conclusion: Our findings indicated lncPNUTS promotes HCC cancer cell metastasis and invasion via targeting ZEB1 to activate the EMT pathway, suggesting that lncPNUTS is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC patients.
An Evaluation of the Signs of Nipple Trauma Associated With Breastfeeding: A Delphi Study
Authors: Nakamura Maya , Asaka Yoko 
Published: February 2022

Background: No consensus on the definitions of nipple trauma has been reported. Thus, different individuals assess identical events inconsistently. Research Aims: To establish clear definitions for the seven signs of nipple trauma related to breastfeeding—erythema, swelling, scabbing, blistering, fissure, purpura, and peeling—and to reach consensus among multiple specialists. Methods: We implemented a longitudinal, prospective survey design using a 3-step Delphi method. In the first survey we targeted specialists in breastfeeding, dermatology, and cosmetics, and we presented images as representative cases during a set of semi-structured interviews. In the second and third surveys, we questioned midwives who were certified as “advanced midwives” through mail, using a questionnaire prepared based on the results of the first survey. The agreement criteria of this study were as follows: (1) a median of 2.0 or below; (2) an interquartile range of 1.0 or below; and (3) at least 51% showing responses of either “strongly agree” or “agree.” Results: Based on the responses of the 42 experts, we reached a consensus on 48 items: eight related to erythema, 10 to swelling, nine to scabbing, seven to blistering, seven to fissure, four to purpura, and three to peeling. We then classified these items based on the condition or possible mechanism of the wound. Finally, we developed an observation tool: “seven signs of nipple trauma associated with breastfeeding,” along with images. Conclusions: Application of this tool for breastfeeding support could improve objectivity in observing and evaluating nipple trauma.
Equity Price Risk of Commercial Banks in India
Authors: Das Nupur Moni , Rout Bhabani Sankar 
Published: February 2022

This study is directed at gauging the equity price risk of the Indian commercial banks for the period 2003–2020. Parametric value-at-risk (VaR) is employed to estimate the downside risk. Further, the univariate exponential generalized auto regressive conditional heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) model is also used to find out the existence of stylised aspects of volatility. The outcomes point towards the existence of volatility clustering, persistence and asymmetry, but differ from bank to bank. Furthermore, the parametric VaR model that assumes normal distribution and student’s t-distribution is not found to be an accurate model for all the banks. Tail risk is also found to be significant, and thus, justifies the Basel Committee’s decision to shift towards an expected shortfall. However, these conventional VaR models should be supplemented by internal models, taking into consideration, bank-specific characteristics. JEL: G01, G15, I15, G17, G28
From marketising to empowering: Evaluating union responses to devolutionary policies in education
Authors: Gavin Mihajla , Fitzgerald Scott , McGrath-Champ Susan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMajor reforms in education, globally, have focused on increased accountability and devolution of responsibility to the local school level to improve the efficiency and quality of education. While emerging research is considering implications of these changed governance arrangements at both a school and system level, little attention has been afforded to teacher union responses to devolutionary reform, despite teaching being a highly union-organised profession and the endurance of decentralising-style reforms in education for over 40 years. Drawing upon a power resources approach, this article examines union responses in cases of devolutionary reform in a populous Australian state. Through analysing evolving policy discourse, from anti-bureaucratic, managerialising rhetoric to a ‘post-bureaucratic, empowerment’ agenda, this article contributes to understandings of union power for resisting decentralising, neoliberal policy agendas by exposing the limits of public sector unions mobilising traditional power resources and arguing for strengthening of discursive and symbolic power.
Beneficial effects of a prescription home-prepared diet and of zucchini on urine calcium oxalate supersaturation and urinary parameters in adult cats
Authors: Blanchard Géraldine , Amato Concetta , André Agnès , Bleis Philippe , Ninet Samuel , Zentek Jürgen , Nguyen Patrick 
Published: February 2022

Objectives From the authors’ experience, the consumption of a balanced prescription home-prepared diet that includes zucchini (courgette) benefits cats with recurrent urolithiasis, but there is no published evidence to support this. The aim was to study the effects on urinary parameters of (1) a balanced prescription home-prepared diet containing zucchini, and (2) the addition of zucchini to a dry food, compared with two commercial therapeutic diets. Methods Eight healthy cats were included in a Latin-square designed protocol. Five diets were evaluated: two commercial diets, designed for cats with urinary disorders, one high-moisture (U-WET) and one high-sodium dry (U-DRY); one home-prepared diet (HOME); one commercial dry food for adult maintenance (DRY); and DRY given together with 10 g of zucchini per kg body weight (DRY-Zuc). After a 7-day adaptation period, urine was collected and daily food and water intakes were assessed for 12 days. Urinary parameters, and relative supersaturation (RSS) for calcium oxalate (CaOx) and struvite, were determined. Data underwent repeated measures ANOVA analysis. Results The digestibility of energy, dry matter, protein and fat was highest with the HOME diet. CaOx RSS was lowest in cats eating the HOME diet, but not significantly different from the U-WET or U-DRY diets. CaOx RSS was lower in cats eating the DRY-Zuc diet than in cats eating the DRY diet. Struvite RSS did not differ significantly among groups. Conclusions and relevance This study shows that a balanced prescription home-prepared diet was safe and allowed a very low urinary CaOx RSS. It also showed that adding zucchini to dry food lowered the urine CaOx RSS.
Anthropometric Factors Associated With Bone Stress Injuries in Collegiate Distance Runners: New Risk Metrics and Screening Tools?
Authors: Carbuhn Aaron F. , Yu Daniel , Magee Lawrence M. , McCulloch Patrick C. , Lambert Bradley S. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Lower limb bone stress injury (BSI) of the pelvis, femur, and tibia is prevalent in collegiate track and field distance runners. Bone mineral density (BMD), body composition (BComp), and anthropometric parameters before initial collegiate injury have not been compared between runners with BSI and their noninjured counterparts. Purpose: To characterize bone health in relation to BComp and anthropometric measurements from total-body dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in collegiate male and female distance runners before BSI and develop BMD prediction models. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Distance runners (N = 79) from a single university track and field team were retrospectively enrolled into this study. The runners completed a DXA scan during the fall season (August-November) and participated in sport activities before the scan. Three months after scanning, electronic medical records were reviewed for the occurrence of BSI. An independent-sample t test was used to compare BMD (total and regional [spine, pelvis, and legs]), BComp (% body fat, fat mass, and lean mass), and anthropometric measurements (shoulder width and leg, arm, and trunk length) between runners with versus without BSI (included subgroup analysis by sex). Multiple linear regression with stepwise removal was used to determine variables most predictive of BMD. Results: Of the 79 enrolled participants (42 male, 37 female), 18 runners (22.8%; 11 female, 7 male) sustained a lower limb BSI. Compared with the noninjured group, injured runners had lower total and regional BMD ( P < .001 for all) and shorter leg and arm lengths ( P < .05 for both), whereas injured male runners had lower fat mass and injured female runners had lower lean mass in the legs ( P < .05 for both). Injured runners’ age-matched total BMD Z score (-0.1 ± 0.6) was considered clinically normal. BComp and anthropometric measures were predictive of total and regional BMD ( P < .05; R 2 = 0.64-0.80; percentage error = 3.8%-4.8%). Conclusion: The DXA scans of injured runners prior to incidence indicated lower BMD compared with noninjured runners. Shorter limb lengths, lower fat mass (male), and lower leg lean mass (female) may also be indicative of risk. Certain BComp and anthropometric measures were predictive of BMD.
Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19: a phenotype of severe COVID-19 pneumonitis? The results of the UK POETIC survey
Authors: Melhorn James , Achaiah Andrew , Conway Francesca M. , Thompson Elizabeth M.F. , Skyllberg Erik W. , Durrant Joseph , Hasan Neda A. , Madani Yasser , Naran Prasheena , Vijayakumar Bavithra , Tate Matthew J. , Trevelyan Gareth E. , Zaki Irfan , Doig Catherine A. , Lynch Geraldine , Warwick Gill , Aujayeb Avinash , Jackson Karl A. , Iftikhar Hina , Noble Jonathan H. , Ng Anthony Y.K.C. , Nugent Mark , Evans Philip J. , Hastings Robert A. , Bellenberg Harry R. , Lawrence Hannah , Saville Rachel L. , Johl Nikolas T. , Grey Adam N. , Ellis Huw C. , Chen Cheng , Jones Thomas L. , Maddekar Nadeem , Khan Shahul Leyakathali , Muhammad Ambreen Iqbal , Ghani Hakim , Maung Maung Myint Yadee , Rafique Cecillia , Pippard Benjamin J. , Irving Benjamin R.H. , Ali Fawad , Asimba Viola H. , Azam Aqeem , Barton Eleanor C. , Bhatnagar Malvika , Blackburn Matthew P. , Millington Kate J. , Budhram Nicholas J. , Bunclark Katherine L. , Sapkal Toshit P. , Dixon Giles , Harries Andrew J.E. , Ijaz Mohammad , Karunanithi Vijayalakshmi , Naik Samir , Khan Malik Aamaz , Savlani Karishma , Kumar Vimal , Lara Gallego Beatriz , Mahdi Noor A. , Morgan Caitlin , Patel Neena , Rowlands Elen W. , Steward Matthew S. , Thorley Richard S. , Wollerton Rebecca L. , Ullah Sana , Smith David M. , Lason Wojciech , Rostron Anthony J. , Rahman Najib M. , Hallifax Rob J. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThere is an emerging understanding that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased incidence of pneumomediastinum (PTM). We aimed to determine its incidence among patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK and describe factors associated with outcome.MethodsA structured survey of PTM and its incidence was conducted from September 2020 to February 2021. UK-wide participation was solicitedviarespiratory research networks. Identified patients had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and radiologically proven PTM. The primary outcomes were to determine incidence of PTM in COVID-19 and to investigate risk factors associated with patient mortality.Results377 cases of PTM in COVID-19 were identified from 58 484 inpatients with COVID-19 at 53 hospitals during the study period, giving an incidence of 0.64%. Overall 120-day mortality in COVID-19 PTM was 195 out of 377 (51.7%). PTM in COVID-19 was associated with high rates of mechanical ventilation. 172 out of 377 patients (45.6%) were mechanically ventilated at the point of diagnosis. Mechanical ventilation was the most important predictor of mortality in COVID-19 PTM at the time of diagnosis and thereafter (p<0.001), along with increasing age (p<0.01) and diabetes mellitus (p=0.08). Switching patients from continuous positive airway pressure support to oxygen or high-flow nasal oxygen after the diagnosis of PTM was not associated with difference in mortality.ConclusionsPTM appears to be a marker of severe COVID-19 pneumonitis. The majority of patients in whom PTM was identified had not been mechanically ventilated at the point of diagnosis.
The burden of asthma, hay fever and eczema in children in 25 countries: GAN Phase I study
Authors: García-Marcos Luis , Asher M. Innes , Pearce Neil , Ellwood Eamon , Bissell Karen , Chiang Chen-Yuan , El Sony Asma , Ellwood Philippa , Marks Guy B. , Mortimer Kevin , Martínez-Torres A. Elena , Morales Eva , Perez-Fernandez Virginia , Robertson Steven , Rutter Charlotte E. , Silverwood Richard J. , Strachan David P. 
Published: February 2022

AimsThere have been no worldwide standardised surveys of prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in school children for 15 years. The present study aims to provide this information.MethodsFollowing the exact International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology (cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey), Global Asthma Network (GAN) Phase I was carried out between 2015 and 2020 in many centres worldwide.ResultsThe study included 157 784 adolescents (13–14 years of age) in 63 centres in 25 countries and 101 777 children (6–7 years of age) in 44 centres in 16 countries. The current prevalence of symptoms, respectively, was 11.0% and 9.1% for asthma, 13.3% and 7.7% for rhinoconjunctivitis and 6.4% and 5.9% for eczema. The prevalence of asthma ever was 10.5% and 7.6%, hay fever ever was 15.2% and 11.1% and eczema ever was 10.6% and 13.4%, respectively. Centres in low or lower middle gross national income countries (LICs or LMICs) had significantly lower prevalence of the three disease symptoms and diagnoses (except for hay fever). In children, the prevalence of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms was higher in boys, while the reverse occurred among adolescents. For eczema, while the prevalence among female adolescents was double that of males, there was no sex difference among children. Centre accounted for non-negligible variability in all disease symptoms (10–20%).ConclusionThe burdens of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema vary widely among the limited number of countries studied. Although symptom prevalence is lower in LICs and LMICs, it represents a considerable burden everywhere studied.
Low-dose oral corticosteroids in asthma associates with increased morbidity and mortality
Authors: Skov Inge Raadal , Madsen Hanne , Henriksen Daniel Pilsgaard , Andersen Jacob Harbo , Pottegård Anton , Davidsen Jesper Rømhild 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundLong-term oral corticosteroid (OCS) treatment for severe asthma is known to cause significant adverse effects, but knowledge on effects of lower exposures in general asthma populations is limited. We aimed to explore this in a nationwide Danish asthma population.MethodsUsers of asthma medication aged 18–45 years were identified in the Danish nationwide registers during 1999–2018 and followed prospectively in an open-cohort design. Incident OCS users were matched 1:4 to nonusers by propensity scores with replacement. Associations between OCS use and incident comorbidities were examined by Cox regression. Mortality rates, causes of death and rates of unscheduled hospital visits were assessed.ResultsOCS users (n=30 352) had, compared with nonusers (n=121 408), an increased risk of all outcomes with evident dose–response relationships starting at cumulative doses of ≤500 mg (prednisolone-equivalent). Hazard ratios ranged from 1.24 (95% CI 1.18–1.30) for fractures to 8.53 (95% CI 3.97–18.33) for adrenal insufficiency. Depression/anxiety had the highest incidence rate difference at 4.3 (95% CI 3.6–5.0) per 1000 person-years. Asthma-specific mortality rates were generally low at 0.15 (95% CI 0.11–0.20) and 0.04 (95% CI 0.02–0.06) per 1000 person-years for OCS users and nonusers, respectively. Mortality rates and unscheduled hospital visits increased with increasing OCS exposure.ConclusionThe study findings should be interpreted with their observational nature in mind. However, we found that even at low cumulative exposure, OCS use in asthma management was associated with increased risk of comorbidities, mortality and unscheduled hospital visits. Effective strategies for optimising asthma control and reducing OCS use are pivotal in asthma management.
HiCmapTools: a tool to access HiC contact maps
Authors: Chang Jia-Ming , Weng Yi-Fu , Chang Wei-Ting , Lin Fu-An , Cavalli Giacomo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
With the development of HiC technology, more and more HiC sequencing data have been produced. Although there are dozens of packages that can turn sequencing data into contact maps, there is no appropriate tool to query contact maps in order to extract biological information from HiC datasets.

Results
We present HiCmapTools, a tool for biologists to efficiently calculate and analyze HiC maps. The complete program provides multi-query modes and analysis tools. We have validated its utility on two real biological questions: TAD loop and TAD intra-density.

Conclusions
HiCmapTools supports seven access options so that biologists can quantify contact frequency of the interest sites. The tool has been implemented in C++ and R and is freely available at https://github.com/changlabtw/hicmaptools and documented at https://hicmaptools.readthedocs.io/.