bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene expression and genetic divergence in oak species highlight adaptive genes to soil water constraints
Authors: Le Provost Grégoire , Brachi Benjamin , Lesur Isabelle , Lalanne Céline , Labadie Karine , Aury Jean-Marc , Da Silva Corinne , Postolache Dragos , Leroy Thibault , Plomion Christophe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Drought and waterlogging impede tree growth and may even lead to tree death. Oaks, an emblematic group of tree species, have evolved a range of adaptations to cope with these constraints. The two most widely distributed European species, pedunculate (PO; Quercus robur L.) and sessile oak (SO; Quercus petraea Matt. Lieb), have overlapping ranges, but their respective distribution are highly constrained by local soil conditions. These contrasting ecological preferences between two closely related and frequently hybridizing species constitute a powerful model to explore the functional bases of the adaptive responses in oak. We exposed oak seedlings to waterlogging and drought, conditions typically encountered by the two species in their respective habitats, and studied changes in gene expression in roots using RNA-seq. We identified genes that change in expression between treatments differentially depending on species. These “species × environment”-responsive genes revealed adaptive molecular strategies involving adventitious and lateral root formation, aerenchyma formation in PO, and osmoregulation and ABA regulation in SO. With this experimental design, we also identified genes with different expression between species independently of water conditions imposed. Surprisingly, this category included genes with functions consistent with a role in intrinsic reproductive barriers. Finally, we compared our findings with those for a genome scan of species divergence and found that the expressional candidate genes included numerous highly differentiated genetic markers between the two species. By combining transcriptomic analysis, gene annotation, pathway analyses, as well as genome scan for genetic differentiation among species, we were able to highlight loci likely involved in adaptation of the two species to their respective ecological niches.
Factual Corrections Eliminate False Beliefs About COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Porter Ethan , Velez Yamil , Wood Thomas J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The spread of misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines threatens to prolong the pandemic, with prior evidence indicating that exposure to misinformation has negative effects on intent to be vaccinated. We describe results from randomized experiments in the United States (n = 5,075) that allow us to measure the effects of factual corrections on false beliefs about the vaccine and vaccination intent. Our evidence makes clear that corrections eliminate the effects of misinformation on beliefs about the vaccine, but that neither misinformation nor corrections affect vaccination intention. These effects are robust to formatting changes in the presentation of the corrections. Indeed, corrections without any formatting modifications whatsoever prove effective at reducing false beliefs, with formatting variations playing a very minor role. Despite the politicization of the pandemic, misperceptions about COVID-19 vaccines can be consistently rebutted across party lines.
Dendritic cells drive profibrotic inflammation and aberrant T cell polarization in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Choreño-Parra José Alberto , Cervantes-Rosete Diana , Jiménez-Álvarez Luis Armando , Ramírez-Martínez Gustavo , Márquez-García José Eduardo , Cruz-Lagunas Alfredo , Magaña-Sánchez Ana Yelli , Lima Guadalupe , López-Maldonado Humberto , Gaytán-Guzmán Emanuel , Caballero Adrian , Fernández-Plata Rosario , Furuzawa-Carballeda Janette , Mendoza-Milla Criselda , Navarro-González Maria del Carmen , Llorente Luis , Zúñiga Joaquín , Rodríguez-Reyna Tatiana Sofía 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesSSc is a devastating autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis and obliterative vasculopathy affecting the skin and visceral organs. While the processes mediating excessive extracellular matrix deposition and fibroblast proliferation are clear, the exact link between autoimmunity and fibrosis remains elusive. Th17 cells have been proposed as critical drivers of profibrotic inflammation during SSc, but little is known about the immune components supporting their pathogenic role. Our aim was to determine cytokine responses of stimulated monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) and to determine how they influence T-cell cytokine production in SSc.Material and methodsDendritic cells (DCs) activate and shape T cell differentiation by producing polarizing cytokines. Hence, we investigated the cytokine responses of monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) from patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc), diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) and healthy controls (HCs) after stimulation with toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. Also, using co-culture assays, we analysed T cell subpopulations after contact with autologous TLR-activated Mo-DCs.ResultsIn general, we observed an increased production of Th17-related cytokines like IL-1β, IL-17F, IL-21 and IL-22 by SSc compared with HC Mo-DCs, with variations between lcSSc vs dcSSc and early- vs late-stage subgroups. Noticeably, we found a significant increment in IL-33 production by Mo-DCs in all SSc cases regardless of their clinical phenotype. Strikingly, T cells displayed Th2, Th17 and dual Th2–Th17 phenotypes after exposure to autologous TLR-stimulated Mo-DCs from SSc patients but not HCs. These changes were pronounced in individuals with early-stage dcSSc and less significant in the late-stage lcSSc subgroup.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that functional alterations of DCs promote immune mechanisms favouring the aberrant T cell polarization and profibrotic inflammation behind clinical SSc heterogeneity.
Lens Equivalent dose of Staff During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: Dose Comparison Using Two Types of Dosemeters
Authors: Morishima Yoshiaki , Chida Koichi , Meguro Takayoshi , Hirota Morihisa , Chiba Hiroo , Fukuda Hiroshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to compare the lens equivalent dose (LED) measured during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) using DOSIRIS™ as a dedicated dosemeter to that measured using glass badges to determine if glass badges can be alternative tools for LED measurement.
LEDs for physicians during ERCP were measured using the DOSIRIS™ [3-mm dose equivalent] worn on the outer edge of the eyes and personal dosemeters (glass badges) [0.07-mm dose equivalent] worn on the right and left sides of the neck.
The cumulated doses over 6 months for the left eye using DOSIRIS™ were 9.5 and 11.8 mSv for physicians A and B, whereas doses measured using glass badges were 7.5 and 11.6 mSv, respectively. The LEDs of the physicians at the left eye and left neck side showed almost similar values and were significantly correlated (r = 0.95; p &lt; 0.01).
For an accurate LED measurement during ERCP, using a dosemeter such as DOSIRIS™ is recommended, although similar LED estimation values were reported using glass badges on the left neck side.
Negotiating space for knowledge co-production
Authors: Verwoerd Lisa , Brouwers Hilde , Kunseler Eva , Regeer Barbara , de Hoop Evelien 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite increased popularity of knowledge co-production as a research approach to address contemporary environmental issues, its implementation in science–policy contexts is not self-evident. In this paper, we illustrate how researchers at the PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (in Dutch: Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving (PBL)) ensured a fit between key features of knowledge co-production and conventional norms and customs for knowledge production processes at the science–policy interface while simultaneously challenging those norms to create space for knowledge co-production. Drawing on implementation science, we analyzed two types of alignment activities: negotiation of normative and relational norms and modification of co-production features. Based on three policy evaluation cases, we show that PBL researchers developed co-production capacity over time. They became more skilled at recognizing (un)conducive structures to knowledge co-production, negotiating such structures, and modifying co-production features without compromising co-production integrity. We argue that investment in these skills is required to negotiate space for knowledge co-production in science–policy settings.
Policy seduction and governance resistance? Examining public funding agencies and academic institutions on decarbonisation research
Authors: AbdulRafiu Abbas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPublic research funding is a critical instrument in technology and social innovation. This paper explores the emerging themes and topical trends that commonly influence interdisciplinary research within a sample of global research projects, including reviewing a recent study of 1,000 projects used in the selection of expert interview participants (n = 15). It examines the extent to which research funding agencies and academic institutions are shifting research priorities in the energy and climate change domain. It asks: What challenges does interdisciplinary research raise? The study reveals how cross-disciplinary research funding focuses on or fails to address the themes of sustainable development goals. In addition, it emphasises policy seduction and difficulty (resistance) in understanding cross-disciplinary methods in research and how research collaborations promote (or fail to promote) global South institutions and topics. Finally, the paper recommends that research funding needs involve a broader array of stakeholders in industrial decarbonisation research, including policymakers, industries, and citizens.
Prediction of Inhospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: Confirmation of the Added Value of 24-Hour Lactate to Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV
Authors: Baysan Meryem , Arbous Mendi S. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , van der Bom Johanna G. 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND:
We previously reported the added value of 24-hour lactate concentration alone and in combination with 24-hour lactate clearance and lactate concentration at admission for the prediction of inhospital mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis. We aimed to validate this finding.

DERIVATION COHORT:
The derivation cohort from Leiden, The Netherlands, consisted of 451 critically ill patients with sepsis.

VALIDATION COHORT:
The validation cohort consisted of 4,440 critically ill adult patients with sepsis from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care cohort admitted to the ICU of Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, MA, between January 2006 and 2018.

PREDICTION MODEL:
Predictors of mortality were: age, chronic comorbidities, length of stay pre-ICU, Glasgow Coma Scale, and Acute Physiology Score. Lactate concentration at 24-hour alone, in combination with 24-hour lactate clearance and in combination with lactate concentration at admission, was added to assess improvement of the prediction model. The outcome was inhospital mortality.

RESULTS:
Inhospital mortality occurred in 160 patients (36%) in the derivation cohort and in 2,347 patients (53%) in the validation cohort. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV model had a moderate discriminative performance (recalibrated C-statistic, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.60–0.63). Addition of 24-hour lactate concentration increased the recalibrated C-statistic to 0.64 (95% CI, 0.62–0.66). The model with 24-hour lactate concentration and lactate concentration at admission showed the best fit as depicted by the smallest Akaike Information Criterion in both the derivation and validation data.

CONCLUSION:
The 24-hour lactate concentration and lactate concentration at admission contribute modestly to prediction of inhospital mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis. Future updates and possible modification of APACHE IV should consider the incorporation of lactate concentration at baseline and at 24 hours.
Association of lifetime lactation and age at natural menopause: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Scime Natalie V. , Shea Alison K. , Faris Peter D. , Brennand Erin A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the association between duration of lifetime lactation and age at natural menopause.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, we analyzed parous premenopausal women in the multiethnic Study of Women's Health Across the Nation who were followed approximately annually for 10 years (1995-2008). Lifetime lactation was defined as the duration of breastfeeding across all births in months. Age at natural menopause was defined as age in years after 12 consecutive months of amenorrhea after the final menstrual period for no other reported cause. We used Cox proportional hazard models to analyze time to natural menopause with age as the underlying time scale. Multivariable models controlled for education, race/ethnicity, parity, smoking, body mass index, and oral contraceptive use.

Results
Among 2,377 women, 52.6% experienced natural menopause during follow-up and reported a valid final menstrual period date. The small, crude association between lifetime lactation up to 24 months and later age at natural menopause attenuated to nonsignificance in adjusted models (6 months: adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87-1.06; 12 months: AHR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.82-1.11; 18 months: AHR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.82-1.13; 24 months: AHR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.84-1.16).

Conclusions
Duration of lifetime lactation was not associated with age at natural menopause after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY RETINAL VASOPROLIFERATIVE TUMOR/REACTIVE RETINAL ASTROCYTIC TUMOR SUCCESSFULLY TREATED BY ENDORESECTION
Authors: Hashimoto Izumi , Takase Hiroshi , Kase Satoru , Iwasaki Yuko , Kobayashi Daisuke , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
To report the clinicopathological findings of retinal vasoproliferative tumor/reactive retinal astrocytic tumor (VPT/RRAT) with retinal vasculitis, treated by tumor resection.

Methods:
A retrospective single case report.

Patient:
A 29-year-old Japanese woman was referred with cystoid macular edema and retinal vasculitis in the right eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.9. Results of fundus examination, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography demonstrated VPT/RRATs in the temporal retina surrounded by a subretinal exudate, serous retinal detachment and macular edema, and retinal vasculitis. Despite 3 months of oral prednisolone treatment, a full-thickness macular hole developed. Pars plana vitrectomy and endoresection of the VPT/RRATs were performed. Pathologic and immunohistochemical analyses with anti-CD34 antibody, antiglial fibrillary acidic protein antibody, anti-Ki67 antibody, and anti–vascular endothelial growth factor antibody were performed on the excised tissue. Inflammation was evaluated by immunohistological staining with leukocyte common antigen (LCA), anti-CD3 antibody, and anti-CD20 antibody.

Results:
After surgery, the macular hole closed, best-corrected visual acuity improved to 1.2, retinal vasculitis was ameliorated, and retinal exudate disappeared. There was no recurrence of VPT/RRAT or retinal vasculitis. Pathologic examination showed that antiglial fibrillary acidic protein and anti–vascular endothelial growth factor were widely expressed, irrespective of the distribution of blood vessels. Ki67-positive proliferating cells were detected in the perivascular area. Leukocyte common antigen–positive leukocytes and CD3-positive T cells were detected throughout the samples, whereas CD20-positive B cells were rarely detected.

Conclusion:
Endoresection of VPT/RRAT could be a good treatment option for secondary VPT/RRAT accompanied by retinal vasculitis. Pathologic findings revealed for the first time that inflammatory cells infiltrate the tissue in secondary VPT/RRAT.
Rhino-orbital mucormycosis
Authors: Ryu Byoung U. , Laylani Noor Adnan Rashid , Davila-Siliezar Pamela , Lee Andrew G. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose of review
The current article will update and review the clinical and radiological manifestations and management of rhino-orbital mucormycosis (ROM).

Recent findings
There has been an increase in cases of ROM worldwide, especially in India. Immunosuppression (especially diabetes mellitus) is a known predisposing risk factor for ROM. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of ROM can be vision or life-threatening. This article reviews the clinical and radiologic features, treatment, and prognosis of ROM with special emphasis on new and emerging therapies.

Summary
ROM is an angioinvasive fungal infection that affects the sinuses and orbits and may present to ophthalmologists. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for ROM, especially in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus or other immunosuppression. Corticosteroid treatment (including the recent COVID-19 pandemic) may be a predisposing risk factor for ROM.
Second-Generation Antipsychotic Long-Acting Injection Reduced the Time of Restrictive Interventions in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Horikoshi Sho , Miura Itaru , Mui Akihiro , Hikichi Takeshi , Aono Tetsuro , Hoshino Ken-yo , Terayama Kenji , Yabe Hirooki 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Whether second-generation antipsychotic long-acting injection (SGA-LAI) reduces psychotic symptoms at relapse compared with oral antipsychotics remains unclear. The present study investigated the effects of SGA-LAI on the time (in hours) of restrictive interventions in hospitalization by conducting a retrospective observational 4-year mirror-image study at a single medical center in Japan.

Method
We performed a retrospective observational mirror-image study conducted between November 2013 and January 2018. Data were initially retrieved from 101 patients. The 38 patients with schizophrenia who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the analysis. The primary outcome was the time of restrictive interventions and the secondary outcomes included the number of hospitalizations (total, voluntary, and involuntary) and bed days compared 2 years before and after initiating SGA-LAI. The restrictive interventions were defined as seclusion and physical restraints.

Results
The mean time of restrictive interventions significantly decreased from 43.7 to 3.03 (P = 0.021). The number of admissions and the total number of bed days in post–SGA-LAI fell from 1.03 to 0.61 (P = 0.011) and 130 to 39.3 (P = 0.003), respectively, compared with pre–SGA-LAI. In particular, the number of involuntary admissions was significantly reduced (0.50–0.26, P = 0.039).

Conclusions
The findings indicate that SGA-LAI reduced the time of restrictive interventions and the number of involuntary admissions. Moreover, SGA-LAI may contribute to mild psychiatric symptoms during relapse.
Cognitive Function in Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated With Chemotherapy
Authors: Chan Ya-Ning , Betancur Stephanie , Conklin Jamie L. , Hirschey Rachel , Piepmeier Aaron , Foster Matthew , Anderson Ruth A. , Bender Catherine M. , Bryant Ashley Leak 
Published: September 2022

Background
Chemotherapy is essential for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Previous studies concluded that survivors of cancer who were treated with chemotherapy experience cognitive impairment. Therefore, it is important to understand cognitive function in survivors of AML.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore distributions and correlates of cognitive function, and prediction of cognitive function on other outcomes in adults with AML who were treated with chemotherapy.

Methods
A health science librarian systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE databases. Two reviewers independently conducted the title, abstract, and full-text screening. Data were extracted and synthesized based on the aims of the review.

Results
A total of 10 articles were included. Findings indicate that up to 62.2% of adults with AML experienced impaired cognitive function after starting chemotherapy. Three studies found cognitive function remained stable over time. Education and cytokines were potential correlates of cognitive function. Worse cognitive function may predict lower physical performance and higher mortality, although the results were inconsistent across studies.

Conclusion
Impaired cognitive function was observed in adults with AML who were treated with chemotherapy. However, no study used a validated subjective cognitive-function–specific patient-reported questionnaire, and previous studies focusing on cognitive function included relatively young samples. Hence, further research on cognitive function in older adults with AML is needed.

Implications for Practice
Because of the high prevalence of cognitive impairment identified, it is important to screen cognitive function in adults with AML who are planning to receive chemotherapy to intervene and provide support earlier.
Maintenance of Functional Gains Following a Goal-Directed and FES-Assisted Cycling Program for Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Armstrong Ellen L. , Boyd Roslyn N. , Horan Sean A. , Kentish Megan J. , Ware Robert S. , Carty Christopher P. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose:
This study investigated whether the functional improvements associated with functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling, goal-directed training, and adapted cycling in children with cerebral palsy were maintained 8 weeks after the intervention ceased.

Methods:
The intervention (2 × 1-hour supervised sessions and 1-hour home program/week) ran for 8 weeks. Primary outcomes were the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Secondary outcomes included the GMFM-66 and goal scores, 5 times sit-to-stand test (FTSTS), Participation and Environment Measure-Children and Youth (PEM-CY), Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT), and cycling power output (PO). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 8 and 16 weeks.

Results:
Twenty children participated (mean age = 10 years 3 months; SD = 2 years 11 months; Gross Motor Function Classification System II = 5, III = 6, and IV = 9). Improvements were retained above baseline at 16 weeks on the GMFM and COPM. Improvements in cycling PO, PEDI-CAT scores, PEM-CY environmental barriers and FTSTS were also retained.

Conclusion:
Functional improvements in children with cerebral palsy were retained 8 weeks post-intervention.