bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable intensification of small-scale aquaculture production in Myanmar through diversification and better management practices
Authors: Wang Quanli , Rossignoli Cristiano M , Dompreh Eric Brako , Su Jie , Ali Syed Aman , Karim Manjurul , Gasparatos Alexandros 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Small-scale aquaculture systems can contribute significantly to food and nutritional security, poverty alleviation, and rural development, especially in developing countries. However, the intensification of aquaculture systems often has negative environmental outcomes. The adoption of diversification practices (e.g. polyculture, pond-dike cropping (PDC)) and better management practices (BMPs) has been identified as a possible approach to intensify sustainably small-scale aquaculture production. This study assesses the sustainability outcomes of the adoption of diversification practices and BMPs in small-scale production models. We focus on Myanmar, a developing country characterized by a rapidly expanding small-scale aquaculture sector. We analyze 624 household surveys with small-scale aquaculture producers in central and northern Myanmar. We estimate the effects of diversification practices and BMPs on different sustainability outcomes, namely economic outcomes (i.e. aquaculture yield and benefit-cost ratio), environmental outcomes (i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency), and food security outcomes (i.e. fish self-consumption and household dietary diversity) through linear mixed-effects models. Our results reveal that diversified production models (whether integrating or not integrating BMPs) could have significant positive effects on economic and food security outcomes, as well as phosphorus use efficiency, compared to ‘unimproved monoculture’. However, such production models do not seem to have any major effect on nitrogen use efficiency. The adoption of BMPs on diversified production models seems to have little (if any) added effect on any of the studied sustainability outcomes, which suggests the need to improve existing BMPs or even develop new BMPs fit for Myanmar’s context. These findings have implications about the possible contribution of diversification practices and BMPs for enabling sustainable intensification in small-scale aquaculture settings in Myanmar, and other rural developing contexts.
Disconnectivity matters: the outsized role of small ephemeral wetlands in landscape-scale nutrient retention
Authors: Cheng Frederick Y , Park Junehyeong , Kumar Mukesh , Basu Nandita B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Wetlands protect downstream waters by filtering excess nitrogen (N) generated from agricultural and urban activities. Many small ephemeral wetlands, also known as geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs), are hotspots of N retention but have received fewer legal protections due to their apparent isolation from jurisdictional waters. Here, we hypothesize that the isolation of the GIWs make them more efficient N filters, especially when considering transient hydrologic dynamics. We use a reduced complexity model with 30 years of remotely sensed monthly wetland inundation levels in 3700 GIWs across eight wetlandscapes in the US to show how consideration of transient hydrologic dynamics can increase N retention estimates by up to 130%, with greater retention magnification for the smaller wetlands. This effect is more pronounced in semi-arid systems such as the prairies in North Dakota, where transient assumptions lead to 1.8 times more retention, compared to humid landscapes like the North Carolina Pocosins where transient assumptions only lead to 1.4 times more retention. Our results highlight how GIWs have an outsized role in retaining nutrients, and this service is enhanced due to their hydrologic disconnectivity which must be protected to maintain the integrity of downstream waters.
A reduction scheme for coupled Brownian harmonic oscillators
Authors: Colangeli Matteo , Duong Manh Hong , Muntean Adrian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We propose a reduction scheme for a system constituted by two coupled harmonically-bound Brownian oscillators. We reduce the description by constructing a lower dimensional model which inherits some of the basic features of the original dynamics and is written in terms of suitable transport coefficients. The proposed procedure is twofold: while the deterministic component of the dynamics is obtained by a direct application of the invariant manifold method, the diffusion terms are determined via the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. We highlight the behavior of the coefficients up to a critical value of the coupling parameter, which marks the endpoint of the interval in which a contracted description is available. The study of the weak coupling regime is addressed and the commutativity of alternative reduction paths is also discussed.
Identification of the PLAG1 polymorphisms in Peranakan Ongole cattle population
Authors: Akmalputra M R , Sukaryo S , Yanti Y , Riyanto J , Bramastya T A , Volkandari S D , Sudrajad P , Cahyadi M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Genetic factor plays a very important role in determining of cattle performance. A gene which is reported to be controlling cattle growth and body size is pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1). Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify PLAG1 polymorphisms in PO cattle population. A total of 43 unproductive PO cows from the slaughterhouse at Kebumen were used in this study. Blood samples were collected individually when the cattle were slaughtered. Furthermore, DNA genome was harvested from blood samples and used as DNA template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting g.48308 C>T, g.32212 (19 bp indel) and g.45233 T>C polymorphisms. g.48308 C>T and g.45233 T>C SNPs were genotyped using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique and a 19 bp indel of PLAG1 was directly genotyped by observing PCR products. Both allele and genotype frequencies were calculated to test Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) status. The results showed that g.48308 C>T SNP and 19 bp indel varied. Three genotypes of the g.48308 C>T SNP namely CC, CT and TT were found in this study and two genotypes (DD and DI) of 19 bp indel were also identified. Moreover, heterozygous CT genotype frequency of g.48308 C>T SNP was 0.51 and T allele frequency was 0.60. In term of 19 bp indel, DD genotype frequency was 0.88 and D allele frequency was 0.94. In conclusion, two polymorphisms of the PLAG1 were identified in PO cattle population.
Assessing the impacts of local intention on community-based wildlife ecotourism in Tangkahan, Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) and the development strategy in the post- COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Situmorang R O P , Hussain M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has been implemented to evaluate the structure of behavioral change of the local communities in the forest and wildlife conservation program in Tangkahan, the eastern part of GLNP. This study has the purpose to reveal the determinant factors of local community behavior to support forest and wildlife conservation through ecotourism activities and to formulate a strategy to recover wildlife ecotourism in the post-COVID-19 outbreak. The study was conducted in Tangkahan through a survey method to collect the data. The data were analyzed using linear regression analysis. This study found that the determinant factors of behavioral intention are the conservation attitude and perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention significantly affects the behavior to participate in conservation activities. To improve the visiting number and the ecotourism service in Tangkahan in the post-COVID 19 outbreak, the community should transform and develop the management system from a conventional to virtual/digital method, develop and follow the COVID-19 protocol of ecotourism, re-arrange the ticket fee and the tour packages to cope with domestic visitors and improve the access to the area by constructing the roads and provision of transportation services.
Tree diversity in Medan Ahmad Yani Park
Authors: Harahap M M , Ahmad A G , Simatupang J , Ulfa M , Wirabuana P Y A P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Medan is the capital city of North Sumatra Province. It is one of the biggest cities on Sumatra Island. Big cities in Indonesia generally have problems with environmental degradation. One of the efforts to preserve the environment in urban areas is to provide public green spaces. Ahmad Yani Park is a green space dominated by trees that grow compactly and tightly in 1.3 ha of area. The research has been conducted at Ahmad Yani Park, one of the favorite places for people to gather and enjoy the freshness of clean air. Research on tree diversity in several public green spaces is needed to conduct as one of the efforts to provide biodiversity data and information in urban. This research is aimed to analyze the tree structure, composition, and diversity in Ahmad Yani Park to support sustainable development goals, especially in an urban area. The parameters of vegetation collecting by using census methods. The condition of vegetation and environment were assessed by using relative density, Shannon Wienner Diversity Index, and Evenness Index. The Ahmad Yani Park contained 240 individuals of 32 species It dominated by 62 individuals of Mahogany (S. macrophylla). The dominant vegetation is in 20 - 150 cm diameter class (59%). It is a mature phase of tree. While the juvenile and seedling stage have 26% and 15%. The Ahmad Yani Park has 2.75 score of Shannon Wiener Diversity index. It means this park is moderate diverse with a fairly stable environment.
Soil Permeability in Various Vegetation Stands at USU Campus Padang Bulan Medan
Authors: Anggraini N , Syahputra OKH 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The University of Sumatera Utara (USU) campus is one of the green campuses with a reasonably high diversity of tree species. The ability of stands on the USU Campus to pass water (soil permeability) must be considered for flood prevention. Soil permeability studies in field surveys were carried out by taking soil samples—determination of soil samples for soil permeability properties based on the constant head method. Soil chemical analysis was carried out for soil organic fraction content and physical properties in soil fraction and texture. The analysis showed that saga stands (SS) showed the highest permeability among mahogany stands (MS), cape stands (CS), glodokan tiang stands (GTS), and oil palm stands (OPS).
eDNA envisaged conservation of IUCN threatened taxa of the tropical mangrove ecosystems
Authors: Kannan S , Balamurugan S , Ragavan P , Deivasigamani B , Wee A K S , Salmo S G , Basyuni M , Kajita T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
eDNA sampling is a more affordable, quick, and consistent method to understand the aquatic ecosystem, especially the ocean, with freely associated DNA in water suitable for estimating diversity, composition, and behaviour. Furthermore, it helps to propose management plans to use sustainable ocean resources. The world's mangroves are currently under threat, and they also provide habitat for International Union Conservation of Nature (IUCN)-listed threatened species (e.g., Dugong, Bengal Tiger, etc.). These species are inextricably linked to the mangrove ecosystem, forming a sustenance chain that can be disrupted if lost. On the other hand, the more reliable methods to monitor threatened species are not clearly established and mostly depend on the non-standardized method, which requires practical and taxonomic expertise and limits the data-driven conservation acts. The implementation of eDNA in ocean data collection and monitoring of endangered species is still in a progressive stage and the studies on the eDNA of threatened species from mangrove ecosystems are few. Environmental DNA surveys have also mapped the distribution of endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla) during spring and documented threatened sharks and rays across eastern Indonesia. As a hallmark, UNESCO recently launched a project to understand the richness of biodiversity. The main objective is to monitor fishes, including the IUCN red-listed species, through eDNA collected across the selected marine World Heritage sites. The recent observations ensure that eDNA might be used to monitor the IUCN-designated threatened taxa found in the tropical mangrove ecosystem. The outcomes of this eDNA technique are crucial for providing information regarding conservation priorities.
Bolt-bearing strength parallel and perpendicular to the grain of four Indonesian hardwoods
Authors: Herawati E , Hartono R , Harahap T N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bearing strength is an important factor in determining the load-carrying capacity of a bolt-timber connection besides the bolt-bending yield strength. This study aims to determine the bolt-bearing strength parallel and perpendicular to the grain using three bolt diameters (6, 9 and 12 mm) in four hardwoods species with different specific gravities, namely terap (Artocarpus odoratissimus), durian (Durio zibethinus), mindi (Melia azedarach L) and rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg). The bolt-bearing strength was determined as described in ASTM D5764 using half-hole testing. The moisture contents ranged from 13.49–14.77% and specific gravities were 0.33–0.60. The higher the specific gravity, the higher the bearing strength. The bearing strength values parallel to the grain were higher than those perpendicular to the grain. The bearing strengths parallel to the grain were 3–18% and 2–24% lower than those based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7973 and National Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction 2015, respectively. In contrast, the experimental bearing strength of mindi was 8% higher than the SNI. Except for mindi, which was 22% exceed SNI and 9% above NDS, bearing strengths perpendicular to the grain were 3-32% and 14-41% less than values based on SNI and NDS, respectively.
Experimental Study of Solar Cold Energy Storage with Additional PCM and Without PCM
Authors: Calvin  , Samar  , Ambarita H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This Increased energy efficiency and comfort conditions in the building environment are increasingly needed. Therefore, phase change materials (PCM) are devoted to reducing the energy consumption of buildings. This research is an experiment with a solar-powered CES working system with dimensions of 740 mm × 410 mm × 310 mm which is used to supply cold air to a room with dimensions of 4.8 m × 3.7 m × 3.3 m. The main component of the CES cooling system consists of a combination of a thermoelectric system and an actively applied PCM. In active applications, forced convection is the dominant heat transfer mechanism between PCM and air in CES where some additional electrical devices are required. In this test, the results of CES without PCM were obtained, on the first and second days there were differences in the outlet temperature for the room and the inlet temperature for the room which were almost the same with an average of 1.43°C and 1.5°C. While CES with PCM on the first and second days with an average of 7.36°C and 3.85°C. For COP values obtained CES without PCM on the first and second days has an average value of 0.25. While the value of COP CES with PCM on the first and second days was 0.39 and 0.33.
The influence of biochar with pH, CEC, C organic on paddy field
Authors: Sipayung A , Damanik R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An organic material called biochar used for soil conditioners and having a role to restore and improve the quality of fertility of degraded soil. It was got from the incomplete of combustion process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of biochar application in terms of pH, CEC, C Organik a modification on paddy crops. The Factorial Split Plot Experimental Design was used for this reseach with the factors were the treatment of planting as a main plot with two stages (Jajar Legowo 2:1 dan Jajar Legowo 4:1) and the sub-plot was the biochar application with three levels, namely: B0 (no application), B1 (25 ton/ha), and B2 (50 ton/ha). The research carried out at Tanjung Garbus Kampung’s Village, Pagar Merbau Sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency with an elevation of ± 50 Meters above sea level. The paddy field had irrigation system. The biochar application has no statistically affected paddy production as well as any significant influence on pH, CEC, and C Organic.
Antioxidants and chemical compounds of hot water extract agarwood leaves Wikstroemia tenuiramis Miq
Authors: Batubara R , Lubis S M , Aulia K , Harahap R H , Mahendra M R , Nasution M S , Affandi O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
One type of agarwood from the Wikstroemia genus is Wikstroemia tenuiramis Miq. The leaves have been used as raw materials for agarwood leaf tea. The aim of the research was to determine the antioxidant activity of W. tenuiramis Miq. agarwood leaf tea in ready-to-drink formulations and chemical compounds contained in hot water extract of agarwood leaf type W. tenuiramis Miq. The method of making tea by boiling for 7 minutes. Analysis of antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method. Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) instruments was used to analyze chemical compounds in hot water extracts. The antioxidant test results that hot water extracts of agarwood leaves had strong antioxidant activity. The results of the GC-MS analysis contained 33 compounds, with the main compounds being Hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester.
Recycle energy: waste oil as alternative eco-friendly fuel
Authors: Hilda L , Lubis R , Misdawati  , Syafiruddin  , Arafah G R , Halomoan A Y 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Used oil is a dangerous and toxic material whose use is strictly prohibited because it damages the environment and human life. Therefore, special handling is needed to dispose of the waste or reuse it with other functions (renewable energy). Researchers are interested in recycling used oil as a fuel that can help overcome the depletion of fossil fuels. This research is an experimental study conducted in a laboratory. Used oil which for a lot of time as waste that is not utilized will affect the environment and also health because it is a pollutant of Hazardous and Toxic Materials (B3). But before being reused, the harmful metals Pb, Fe, Al and Mn are removed by a filtering process, acidification to remove impurities and bind metals that contaminate the oil. After that, it is reused as a very efficient fuel in terms of price compared to using LPG or kerosene.
Analysis of the effect of seed growth (Rhizophora apiculata) on the distance of land from the beach in of Pulau Sembilan Pangkalan Susu District Langkat Regency
Authors: Yunasfi  , Purba M L , Fadhilah A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mangrove is a renewable resource that provides services related to the environment, such as abrasion protection, seawater control of incursion, reduction of sea wave height and speed, cleaning of water contaminants, among others, important to support living beings. Its objectives include to study and evaluate the impact of planting distance from the beach which is useful for increasing growth for mangrove ecosystem type Rhizophora apiculata and this study based on a complete randomized design (RAL) with treatment distance (J) consisting of 5 treatments (a) P0 (planting distance from the beach 41 meters), (b) P1 (planting distance from the beach 42 meters), (c) P2 (planting distance from the beach 43 meters), (d) P3 (distance from the beach 44 meters) (e) P4 (planting distance from the beach 45 meters). The percentage of plant growth is 100%. Observational Data on the measurement of height, diameter, leaf count, leaf size, and leaf area, that the treatment at planting distance can increase the growth of seedlings R. apiculata. Based on the results of the study the effect of planting distance on R. apiculata obtained in the treatment of P2 (planting distance from the beach 43 m) a seedling height value that was highest growth with a value of 198.0 cm or average 33.0 cm. The highest value of plant diameter obtained from the treatment of P3 (spacing 44 m) with a value of 7.74 mm or average 1.29 mm . The highest added value was found in treatment P1 with a value total number of 39.2 strands or average 6.5 strands. The increase in leaf area is 50.9 cm or average 8.4 cm which is found in the P2 treatment.
Fiber Quality of Yellow Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris vitata) from Forest Area with Special Purpose Pondok Buluh, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatera Province
Authors: Hartono R , Purba F V A , Iswanto A H , Priadi T , Sutiawan J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Forest Area with Special Purpose (FASP) Forest Training Pondok Buluh has a forest area of around 1.272 ha, with much plant species diversity, such as Yellow Bamboo. Bamboo can be used as a material that has the potential as a raw material to replace wood in several uses, one of which is pulp and paper. This study aims to analyze the dimension and derivation of fiber dimensions of the yellow bamboo that grows in FASP Pondok Buluh. The method used in this study is to get the maceration process of the bamboo sticks from yellow bamboo, then observe under a microscope to see the dimension of the fiber, then calculate the value of the derivative of its fiber dimensions. The results of this study obtained the average dimension of yellow bamboo fiber is 1945 μm in fiber length, fiber diameter is 12.75 μm, lumen diameter is 4.20 μm, and fiber wall thickness is 4.28 μm. Then calculated the fiber dimension derivative and obtained a Runkle ratio of 2.32, felting power of 152.61, muhlsteph ratio of 88.73%, coefficient of rigidity of 0.34, and flexibility ratio of 0.32. Based on the result of the derivative of the fiber dimensions, yellow bamboo gets a score of 225-275, which is included in quality class II. This means that the yellow bamboo that grows in the Pondok Buluh area can be used as a raw material for pulp and paper.
The physicochemical properties of soy sauce made from tempeh
Authors: Zahidah H L , Lo D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Tempeh is a fermented product that uses Rhizopus sp. to bind raw material into a sliceable cake. Soy sauce is a fermented food product with umami and salty flavor made by Aspergillus sp. for koji fermentation and then soaked in salted water. Tempeh has a shelf life of three days, but soy sauce has a shelf life of six months at room temperature. Therefore, we can increase the shelf life of unconsumed tempeh by turning it into soy sauce. This study compared the physicochemical properties of soy sauce made from tempeh. This study has two variables: length of tempeh fermentation times (three days and four days) and salt solution concentration (15%, 20%, 25%). We also use soy sauce made from soybean with Aspergillus sp. as a positive control. After the soy sauce was fermented for one month, pH, total dissolved solids, °Brix value, yield, color, acceptance test and just-about-right test were analyzed. Results from the acceptance analysis showed that soy sauce made from 3-days tempeh with 20% of salt has significantly higher acceptance compared to other sample with value of 5.37±1.73 (range 1-9) with represent neutral. This soy sauce has pH of 6.73±0.06, total dissolved solids of 9.73 ± 0.02% with 11.7 ± 0.02°Brix. For color analysis, soy sauce made from 3-days tempeh with 20% of salt showed higher lightness than soy sauce made from koji with 20% of salt. Meanwhile for just-about-right test, very salty taste attribute needs to be reformulated.