bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Recurrence and Progression in Patients with Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Systematic Review on the Performance of Risk Stratification Models
Authors: Guerrero-Ramos Félix , Subiela José Daniel , Rodríguez-Faba Óscar , Aumatell Julia , Manfredi Celeste , Bozzini Giorgio , Romero-Otero Javier , Couñago Felipe 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Several classifications have been reported to stratify non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in risk groups according to the probability of recurrence and progression. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the current evidence regarding risk stratification of NMIBC. METHODS: The systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Studies providing data on development and/or external validation cohorts of models and risk stratification tables for recurrence and/or progression for patients with NMIBC, reporting at least one discrimination measure (AUC or C-Index) were included. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies involving 22,737 patients were included. Six classifications were identified, three of them were predictive models (EORTC, CUETO, EAU 2021) and three were based on expert opinion (EAU 2020, AUA, NCCN). A high risk of bias was present in the majority of the studies. Certain heterogenicity was found among the studies regarding adjuvant therapy, postoperative instillation or second resection. The definition of oncological outcomes was not standardized in the included studies. CUETO and EORTC scoring systems are the most validated. In general, validations showed a poor discrimination capability to predict recurrence, slightly better for progression. The EAU 2021 model overestimates the risk of progression in patients treated with BCG. Carcinoma in situ is underrepresented in all the studies analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The existing classifications show poor discrimination capability for recurrence and possibly helpful discrimination capability for progression in NMIBC patients. These results highlight the unmet need to develop novel accurate risk models for patients with NMIBC, which could be improved with the combination of clinicopathological and molecular information.
Omega-3 supplementation increases omega-3 fatty acids in lipid compartments that can be taken up by the brain independent of APOE genotype status: A secondary analysis from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Balakrishnan Janani , Husain Mohammed Amir , Vachon Annick , Chouinard-Watkins Raphaël , Léveillé Pauline , Plourde Mélanie 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Omega-3 fatty acid (OM3) intake is associated with a lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, but individuals carrying the ɛ4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE4) might not benefit from this prevention strategy. Indeed, they might have lower OM3 into plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) compartments, the two forms the brain can take-in. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations in the FFA and LPC pre- and post-OM3 supplementation in APOE4 carriers and non-carriers. DESIGN: Plasma samples from 25 APOE4 carriers and non-carriers before and six months after receiving 2.5 g/d DHA+EPA daily were analyzed. DHA and EPA concentrations in the LPC, and FFA were compared by supplementation and genotype. A secondary analysis investigated the interaction between body mass index (BMI) and APOE genotype status. RESULTS: There was no genotype x supplement interaction nor a genotype effect on LPC and FFA. However, there was a supplement effect where OM3 increased in all lipid compartment by < 1-fold to 4-fold. Individuals with a low BMI had higher OM3 increase concentrations in the LPC than those with a high BMI. CONCLUSIONS: APOE4 carriers and non-carriers can both benefit from taking an OM3 supplement. However, individuals with a high BMI have lower OM3 increases than those with a lower BMI.
Framework for experimental evaluation of software solutions in a virtual environment
Authors: Ilin D. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives. Ready-made information technology solutions used when developing software have various characteristics depending on the objectives to be experimentally obtained. While the selection of appropriate technologies and software tools used in experimental software engineering can be time-consuming, experimental complexity can be reduced by providing the researcher with domain-specific tools. The aim of the study is to design and develop a domain-specific software framework for experimental evaluation of the characteristics of information technology solutions in a virtual environment.Methods. To determine the required characteristics of the software framework, an analysis of software tools for conducting experimental studies to evaluate the characteristics of information technology solutions in a virtual environment was conducted. Methods of decomposition, structural design, and software development were applied to design and develop the framework.Results. A software framework for conducting experimental research has been developed. The design results, key features of the framework and a description of the functionality are presented. The implementation of the framework comprises commands for managing virtual machines and commands for scaffolding. A technique for conducting experimental studies using the framework is proposed.Conclusions. The developed domain-specific software framework addresses shortcomings of existing tools to reduce labor costs when conducting experiments to evaluate information technology solutions. The developed framework and proposed methodology allows the number of programming and markup languages required for setting up a software experiment to be reduced from 3 to 1.
Development of a neural network model for spatial data analysis
Authors: Yamashkina E. O. , Yamashkin S. A. , Platonova O. V. , Kovalenko S. M. 
Published: October 2022

Objectives. The paper aimed to develop and validate a neural network model for spatial data analysis. The advantage of the proposed model is the presence of a large number of degrees of freedom allowing its flexible configuration depending on the specific problem. This development is part of the knowledge base of a deep machine learning model repository including a dynamic visualization subsystem based on adaptive web interfaces allowing interactive direct editing of the architecture and topology of neural network models.Methods. The presented solution to the problem of improving the accuracy of spatial data analysis and classification is based on a geosystem approach for analyzing the genetic homogeneity of territorial-adjacent entities of different scales and hierarchies. The publicly available EuroSAT dataset used for initial validation of the proposed methodology is based on Sentinel-2 satellite imagery for training and testing machine learning models aimed at classifying land use/land cover systems. The ontological model of the repository including the developed model is decomposed into domains of deep machine learning models, project tasks and data, thus providing a comprehensive definition of the formalizing area of knowledge. Each stored neural network model is mapped to a set of specific tasks and datasets. Results. Model validation for the EuroSAT dataset algorithmically extended in terms of the geosystem approach allows classification accuracy to be improved under training data shortage within 9% while maintaining the accuracy of ResNet50 and GoogleNet deep learning models.Conclusions. The implemention of the developed model into the repository enhances the knowledge base of models for spatial data analysis as well as allowing the selection of efficient models for solving problems in the digital economy.
Effects of erythrocyte oxygenation on optoacoustic signals
Authors: K. Saha Ratan , Kolios Michael 
Published: October 2022

<p>A theoretical model examining the effects of erythrocyte oxygenation on optoacoustic (OA) signals is presented. Each erythrocyte is considered as a fluid sphere and its optical absorption is defined by its oxygen saturation state. The OA field generated by a cell is computed by solving the wave equation in the frequency domain with appropriate boundary conditions. The resultant field from many cells is simulated by summing the pressure waves emitted by individual cells. A Monte Carlo algorithm generates 2-D spatially random distributions of oxygenated and deoxygenated erythrocytes. Oxygen saturation levels of oxygenated cells a assumed to be 100% and 0% for deoxygenated cells. The OA signal amplitude decreases monotonically for the 700-nm laser source and increases monotonically for 1000 nm optical radiation when blood oxygen saturation varies from 0 to 100%. An approximately sixfold decrease and fivefold increase of the OA signal amplitude were computed at those wavelengths, respectively. The OA spectral power in the low-frequency range (<10 MHz) and in the very high-frequency range (<100 MHz) decreases for 700 nm and increases for 1000 nm with increasing blood oxygen saturation. This model provides a theoretical framework to study the erythrocyte oxygenation-dependent OA signals. </p>
A EDUCAÇÃO DOS HANSENIANOS EM GOIÁS: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A OPRESSÃO E LIBERTAÇÃO EM FREIRE APLICADO A ESCOLA SANTA MARTA (1940-1980)
Authors: Cunha Samara Garcia Oliveira , Luiz Weslei Oliveira , Teixeira Ricardo Antonio Gonçalves 
Published: October 2022

O presente artigo resulta de reflexões sobre a educação em Paulo Freire e objetiva discutir o conceito de opressão, buscando identificar a conceituação construída pelo autor, de modo a apontar discussões que abalizam a prática da educação dialógica como meio para conscientização da condição de opressão. Propõe relacionar tais conceitos com a Escola Santa Marta (no período de 1940 a 1980), localizada no interior do antigo leprosário Colônia Santa Marta, instituição segregadora inaugurada em 1943, em Goiânia-GO, destinada exclusivamente ao acolhimento e isolamento de pessoas com hanseníase. Busca, assim, refletir sobre o efetivo empenho dos professores, como atores de mediação ativa, para o desenvolvimento do processo ensino-aprendizagem em um contexto de segregação, estigmas e preconceitos, em que professores e estudantes convivem com as dores, “defeitos” e tratamentos ineficazes, além da tristeza e dor do isolamento social vivido pela marca da hanseníase.
Palavras-chave: Opressão. Educação Dialógica. Escola Santa Marta.

ABSTRACT
This article results from reflections on education in Paulo Freire and aims to discuss the concept of oppression, seeking to identify the conceptualization constructed by the author, in order to point out discussions that support the practice of dialogic education as a means of raising awareness of the condition of oppression. It proposes to relate these concepts to the Santa Marta school (from 1940 to 1980), located inside the former leper colony Santa Marta, a segregating institution inaugurated in 1943, in Goiânia-GO, intended exclusively for the reception and isolation of people with leprosy. It seeks, therefore, to reflect on the effective commitment of teachers, as actors of active mediation, for the development of the teaching-learning process in a context of segregation, stigmas and prejudices, in which teachers and students live with pain, "defects" and ineffective treatments, in addition to the sadness and pain of social isolation experienced by the leprosy mark.
Keywords: Oppression. Dialogical Education. Santa Marta School.
hMSC exosomes as a novel treatment for female sensitive skin: An in vivo study
Authors: Ye Congxiu , Zhang Yunqing , Su Zhen , Wu Shuxia , Li Yuxia , Yi Jinling , Lai Wei , Chen Jian , Zheng Yue 
Published: October 2022

Background: Recent studies have reported that the incidence of sensitive skin is increasing. Skin sensitivity and skin barrier functions were related to many skin diseases including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, rosacea, and so on. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (hMSC) might be considered as a new effective therapeutic scheme.Aims: This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of hMSC exosomes as a novel topical treatment for sensitive skin.Patients/Methods: Exosomes were extracted from primary hMSC via ultracentrifugation method. The morphology of hMSC exosomes was studied via transmission electron microscope. Expression of exosome specific surface marker was detected via Western blot. 22 subjects (female, aged 18–55) diagnosed with sensitive skin were enrolled. Follow-up was conducted before, 7-day, 14-day, and 28-day after hMSC exosomes use. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), surface hydration, sebum secretion, and L*a*b* value were simultaneously tested at the same time point in an environment-controlled room.Results: Under transmission electron microscopy, the extracted hMSC exosomes were circular or elliptical with intact membrane structure, and their diameters ranged mainly from 40 to 80 nm. Western blot showed that the expression of markers CD63, CD9, and Tsg101 was positive. Brownian motion based nanoparticle trajectory analysis (NTA) showed that the main peak of particle size distribution occurred around 96 nm, the average particle size was 122 nm, and the main peak accounted for 96.7%. All this conformed to the biological characteristics of exosomes standardized by the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. In the clinical trial, scores of objective symptoms including roughness, scales, erythema, and subjective symptoms including tension, burning, or itching, were improved after 7-, 14-, and 28- day using hMSC-exosomes. TEWL, hydration, sebum, pH, and a* values were tended to return to the level of healthy skin.Conclusion: The hMSC-exosomes, with the advantages of biocompatibility and biodegradability, could improve clinical symptoms and eruptions in sensitive skin patients, and might be as an MSC cell-free novel therapy in sensitive skin-related disease treatment.
Development and evaluation of a rapid and sensitive multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification with a lateral flow dipstick assay for detection of Acinetobacter baumannii in spiked blood specimens
Authors: Hu Wei-Wei , He Jian-Wei , Guo Shu-Liang , Li Jin 
Published: October 2022

PurposeThis study aimed to establish the multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification with a lateral flow dipstick (MIRA-LFD) assay and evaluate its performance in detection of A. baumannii in spiked blood specimens.MethodsThe study was divided into two stages: a pilot study to establish the methodology and a clinical validation study to evaluate its performance. In the first step, we designed primers specific to detect A. baumannii, optimized the MIRA-LFD assay and analyzed its performance regarding limits of detection, reproducibility, specificity, and efficiency of detection using real-time PCR method. In the second step, we obtained 50 spiked blood isolates and detected these pathogens by MIRA-LFD assay. The MIRA-LFD time was 15 min from DNA sample amplification to complete pathogen detection.ResultsThe developed MIRA-LFD assay displayed a detection limit of 6 CFU/mL for detecting A. baumannii, which was significantly better than that of real-time PCR method, and no cross-reactivity was observed in other non-A. baumannii studied. The results obtained with 50 spiked blood isolates suggested that the developed MIRA-LFD assay had high specificity and sensitivity for identifying A. baumannii.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the established MIRA-LFD assay is time-saving, more effective and sensitive, which may become a powerful tool for rapid and reliable diagnosis of bloodstream infection caused by A. baumannii in primary hospitals.
Evidence for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and olfactory cell lineage impairment in close-contact infection Syrian hamster models
Authors: Ueha Rumi , Ito Toshihiro , Ueha Satoshi , Furukawa Ryutaro , Kitabatake Masahiro , Ouji-Sageshima Noriko , Uranaka Tsukasa , Tanaka Hirotaka , Nishijima Hironobu , Kondo Kenji , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesClose contact with patients with COVID-19 is speculated to be the most common cause of viral transmission, but the pathogenesis of COVID-19 by close contact remains to be elucidated. In addition, despite olfactory impairment being a unique complication of COVID-19, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the olfactory cell lineage has not been fully validated. This study aimed to elucidate close-contact viral transmission to the nose and lungs and to investigate the temporal damage in the olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) lineage caused by SARS-CoV-2.MethodsSyrian hamsters were orally administered SARS-CoV-2 nonvariant nCoV-19/JPN/TY/WK521/2020 as direct-infection models. On day 3 after inoculation, infected and uninfected hamsters were housed in the same cage for 30 minutes. These uninfected hamsters were subsequently assigned to a close-contact group. First, viral presence in the nose and lungs was verified in the infection and close-contact groups at several time points. Next, the impacts on the olfactory epithelium, including olfactory progenitors, immature ORNs, and mature ORNs were examined histologically. Then, the viral transmission status and chronological changes in tissue damage were compared between the direct-infection and close-contact groups.ResultsIn the close-contact group, viral presence could not be detected in both the nose and lungs on day 3, and the virus was identified in both tissues on day 7. In the direct-infection group, the viral load was highest in the nose and lungs on day 3, decreased on day 7, and was no longer detectable on day 14. Histologically, in the direct-infection group, mature ORNs were most depleted on day 3 (p &lt;0.001) and showed a recovery trend on day 14, with similar trends for olfactory progenitors and immature ORNs. In the close-contact group, there was no obvious tissue damage on day 3, but on day 7, the number of all ORN lineage cells significantly decreased (p &lt;0.001).ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 was transmitted even after brief contact and subsequent olfactory epithelium and lung damage occurred more than 3 days after the trigger of infection. The present study also indicated that SARS-CoV-2 damages all ORN lineage cells, but this damage can begin to recover approximately 14 days post infection.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Calculating the risk of future heart failure events and death
Authors: Schrutka Lore , Seirer Benjamin , Rettl René , Dachs Theresa-Marie , Binder Christina , Duca Franz , Dalos Daniel , Badr-Eslam Roza , Kastner Johannes , Hengstenberg Christian , Frommlet Florian , Bonderman Diana 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveWe sought to develop a clinical model to identify heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) at highest risk for acute HF events or death.Methods and resultsBetween 2010 and 2019, 422 patients with HFpEF were followed. Acute HF events occurred in 190 patients (45%), including 110 (58%) with recurrent hospitalizations. Those with recurrent events had worse 6-min walk test (p &lt; 0.001), higher brain N-terminal prohormone natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP, p &lt; 0.001), and higher New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA, p &lt; 0.001). Overall survival rates in patients with 1 HF event vs &gt; 1 HF events were: at 1-year 91.6 vs. 91.8%, at 3-years 84.7 vs. 68.3% and at 5-years 67.4 vs. 42.7%, respectively (p &lt; 0.04). The Hfpef survivAL hOspitalization (HALO) score revealed best predictive capability for all-cause mortality combining the variables age (p = 0.08), BMI (p = 0.124), NYHA class (p = 0.004), need for diuretic therapy (p = 0.06), left atrial volume index (p = 0.048), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (p = 0.013), NT-proBNP (p = 0.076), and number of prior hospitalizations (p = 0.006). HALO score predicted future HF hospitalizations in an ordinal logistic regression model (OR 3.24, 95% CI: 2.45–4.37, p &lt; 0.001). The score performance was externally validated in 75 HFpEF patients, confirming a strong survival prediction (HR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.30–3.47, p = 0.002).ConclusionsWe developed a model to identify HFpEF patients at increased risk of death and HF hospitalization. NYHA class and recurrent HF hospitalizations were the strongest drivers of outcome.
Real-world data mining meets clinical practice: Research challenges and perspective
Authors: Mandreoli Federica , Ferrari Davide , Guidetti Veronica , Motta Federico , Missier Paolo 
Published: October 2022

As Big Data Analysis meets healthcare applications, domain-specific challenges and opportunities materialize in all aspects of data science. Advanced statistical methods and Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are used both for knowledge discovery purposes and clinical decision support. Such techniques enable the emerging Predictive, Preventative, Personalized, and Participatory Medicine (P4M) paradigm. Working with the Infectious Disease Clinic of the University Hospital of Modena, Italy, we have developed a range of Data–Driven (DD) approaches to solve critical clinical applications using statistics, Machine Learning (ML) and Big Data Analytics on real-world EHR. Here, we describe our perspective on the challenges we encountered. Some are connected to medical data and their sparse, scarce, and unbalanced nature. Others are bound to the application environment, as medical AI tools can affect people's health and life. For each of these problems, we report some available techniques to tackle them, present examples drawn from our experience, and propose which approaches, in our opinion, could lead to successful real-world, end-to-end implementations.DESY report numberDESY-22-153.
Local-scale spatial variability in firn properties in Southwest Greenland
Authors: Xiao Jing , Rennermalm Åsa K. , Covi Federico , Hock Regine , Leidman Sasha Z. , Miège Clément , MacFerrin Michael J. , Samimi Samira 
Published: October 2022

The increasing mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet is becoming growingly important to present-day global sea level rise. Meltwater export to the ocean may be amplified by near-surface ice layers in firn (i.e., snow that has survived at least one melt season) which prevent infiltration. Such ice layers have been documented at various sites in southwest Greenland, but little is known about the local-scale (less than 1 km) variability in firn and ice properties. Here we investigate the local variability in firn density and ice content (ice layer thickness fraction) by analyzing 45 shallow firn cores retrieved from 15 sites in southwest Greenland between 2012 and 2019. The core dataset contains groups of cores that were collected at the same site (1–632 m apart from each other) and in the same year (here referred to as same site/year cores). The two-sided Mann-Whitney U-tests suggest that most same site/year cores do not have statistically significant differences in median density or ice content over the upper 0–4.5, 4.5–9, and 9–13.5 m sections below the winter snow layer. That said, the same site/year cores still exhibit substantial density and ice content differences as well as variable ice layer stratigraphy (especially the distribution of centimeters-thick ice lenses) not explainable by measurement uncertainties. The local-scale variability in density and ice content (calculated from the same site/year cores) over the three 4.5-m sections is 4% and 19–29%, respectively. The variability is comparable to the regional gradient in our study area within an elevation difference of up to ∼200 m. The local variability is non-negligible particularly at mid- to high-elevation sites (&gt;2,000 m a.s.l.), where firn structure changes such as ice layer formation are more recent phenomena compared to lower elevations. This study confirms that single cores can provide representative bulk statistics such as mean density and ice content of one site. However, these mean values mask substantial local variability which can compromise regional comparisons. Therefore, collection of same site/year cores and consideration of local variability are necessary for an in-depth analysis of regional variability.