bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing multi-objective decision support tools for protected area selection
Authors: Voskamp Alke , Fritz Susanne A. , Köcke Valerie , Biber Matthias F. , Brockmeyer Timo Nogueira , Bertzky Bastian , Forrest Matthew , Goldstein Allie , Henderson Scott , Hickler Thomas , Hof Christian , Kastner Thomas , Lang Stefanie , Manning Peter , Mascia Michael B. , McFadden Ian , Niamir Aidin , Noon Monica , O’Donell Brian , Opel Mark , Schwede Georg , West Peyton , Schenck Christof , Böhning-Gaese Katrin 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe establishment and maintenance of protected areas (PAs) is viewed as a key action in delivering post-2020 biodiversity targets. PAs often need to meet multiple objectives, ranging from biodiversity protection to ecosystem service provision and climate change mitigation, but available land and conservation funding is limited. Therefore, optimizing resources by selecting the most beneficial PAs is vital. Here, we advocate for a flexible and transparent approach to selecting protected areas based on multiple objectives, and illustrate this with a decision support tool on a global scale. The tool allows weighting and prioritization of different conservation objectives according to user-specified preferences, as well as real-time comparison of the selected areas that result from such different priorities. We apply the tool across 1347 terrestrial PAs and highlight frequent trade-offs among different objectives, e.g., between species protection and ecosystem integrity. Outputs indicate that decision makers frequently face trade-offs among conflicting objectives. Nevertheless, we show that transparent decision-support tools can reveal synergies and trade-offs associated with PA selection, thereby helping to illuminate and resolve land-use conflicts embedded in divergent societal and political demands and values.
Narratives of the convalescent plasma donor in a Peruvian social security hospital.: motivations, fears, expectations and experiences
Authors: Matassini Eyzaguirre Silvana M. , Yapa Christian Villanueva , Chunga Ausberto Chunga , Soto Arturo Sagastegui , Neyra Vera Ibeth Melania , Ordoñez Suly Soto , Román Martina Guillermo , Miranda Martin Oyanguren , Soto-Becerra Percy , Hurtado Roca Leda Yamileé , Maguiña Jorge L. , Vladimir Araujo-Castillo Roger 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo know and explore from convalescent plasma donator’s voices the experience in the blood donation process at a Peruvian social security hospital.MethodsQualitative study with a phenomenological design. The investigation was carried out in 01 hospitals of the social security of Peru. Semi-structured interviews were carried out.ResultsEleven donors of convalescent plasma were interviewed. The main motivations for donating were being able to contribute to national research and supporting patients affected by COVID-19. Fears focus on the possible risk of contagion within the hospital. Donors emphasised the attention and support of health personnel alongside the donation procedure. The main expectations and suggestions point towards greater dissemination of donation campaigns with special emphasis on safety. Likewise, an improvement in the time of the donation procedure (from enrolment to the extraction of convalescent plasma), and the implementation of friendly spaces to encourage future blood donation campaigns were highlighted.ConclusionsThe experience of the convalescent plasma donors was positive. However, improvements must be made in terms of processes and infrastructure to ensure future successful blood donation campaigns.
Using agent-based modeling to compare corrective actions for Listeria contamination in produce packinghouses
Authors: Barnett-Neefs Cecil , Sullivan Genevieve , Zoellner Claire , Wiedmann Martin , Ivanek Renata 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe complex environment of a produce packinghouse can facilitate the spread of pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes in unexpected ways. This can lead to finished product contamination and potential foodborne disease cases. There is a need for simulation-based decision support tools that can test different corrective actions and are able to account for a facility’s interior cross-contamination dynamics. Thus, we developed agent-based models of Listeria contamination dynamics for two produce packinghouse facilities; agents in the models represented equipment surfaces and employees, and models were parameterized using observations, values from published literature and expert opinion. Once validated with historical data from Listeria environmental sampling, each model’s baseline conditions were investigated and used to determine the effectiveness of corrective actions in reducing prevalence of agents contaminated with Listeria and concentration of Listeria on contaminated agents. Evaluated corrective actions included reducing incoming Listeria, modifying cleaning and sanitation strategies, and reducing transmission pathways, and combinations thereof. Analysis of Listeria contamination predictions revealed differences between the facilities despite their functional similarities, highlighting that one-size-fits-all approaches may not always be the most effective means for selection of corrective actions in fresh produce packinghouses. Corrective actions targeting Listeria introduced in the facility on raw materials, implementing risk-based cleaning and sanitation, and modifying equipment connectivity were shown to be most effective in reducing Listeria contamination prevalence. Overall, our results suggest that a well-designed cleaning and sanitation schedule, coupled with good manufacturing practices can be effective in controlling contamination, even if incoming Listeria spp. on raw materials cannot be reduced. The presence of water within specific areas was also shown to influence corrective action performance. Our findings support that agent-based models can serve as effective decision support tools in identifying Listeria-specific vulnerabilities within individual packinghouses and hence may help reduce risks of food contamination and potential human exposure.
Plasma p217+tau vs NAV4694 amyloid and MK6240 tau PET across the Alzheimer continuum
Authors: Doré Vincent , Doecke James D. , Saad Ziad S. , Triana-Baltzer Gallen , Slemmon Randy , Krishnadas Natasha , Bourgeat Pierrick , Huang Kun , Burnham Samantha , Fowler Christopher , Rainey-Smith Stephanie R. , Bush Ashley , Ward Larry , Robertson Jo , Martins Ralph N. , Masters Colin L. , Villemagne Victor L. , Fripp Jurgen , Kolb Hartmuth C. , Rowe Christopher C. 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONWe evaluated a new Simoa plasma assay for phosphorylated tau at aa217 enhanced by additional ptau sites (p217+tau).METHODSPlasma p217+tau levels were compared to18F-NAV4694 amyloid-beta (Aβ) PET and18F-MK6240 tau PET in 174 cognitively impaired (CI) and 223 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants.RESULTSCompared to Aβ-CU, the plasma levels of p217+tau increased two-fold in Aβ+ CU and 3.5-fold in Aβ+ CI. In Aβ-the p217+tau levels did not significantly differ between CU, MCI or dementia. P217+tau correlated with Aβ centiloids ρ=0.67 (CI 0.64; CU 0.45) and tau SUVRMTρ=0.63 (CI 0.69; CU 0.34). Area under curve (AUC) for AD vs Aβ-CU was 0.94, for AD vs other dementia was 0.93, for Aβ+ vs Aβ– PET was 0.89 and for tau+ vs tau-PET was 0.89.DISCUSSIONPlasma p217+tau levels elevate early in the AD continuum and correlate well with Aβ and tau PET.Research in ContextSystematic review: The authors reviewed the literature using PubMed, meeting abstracts and presentations. Plasma phospho-tau measures compare well to PET and post-mortem across the continuum of AD but accuracy varies across ptau target sites and assay methods. There are no reports comparing PET to plasma assays targeting multiple sites of tau phosphorylation as typically found in AD. The p217+tau assay targets p217 with binding enhanced by phosphorylation at additional sites such as aa212.Interpretation: Plasma p217+tau elevates early and correlates with both Aβ and tau as measured by PET indicating that tau phosphorylation is an early event in AD and occurs with Aβ deposition. Plasma p217+tau measurement should assist both selection for trials and diagnosis of AD.Future directions: Further validation studies, head-to-head comparison to other assays, assessing the influence of co-morbidities and the ability to measure change in brain Aβ and tau levels are required.
Steroid Treatment Balance According To The Lymphocyte / White Blood Cells Ratio In COVID-19 Patients, A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Arslan Ferhat , Mert Ali , Bayram Mehmet , Ankaralı Handan , Vahaboglu Haluk 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesProgressive respiratory failure is the main cause of clinical worsening in Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients. The decision to intubate during the follow-up of COVID-19 patients is critical because of high mortality rates.MethodsWe analyzed the COVID-19 related intubation and in-hospital mortality risk factors of patients admitted to two tertiary hospitals.ResultsOf the 275 patients included in the study, 44 (16%) were intubated, while 30 of them were patients (53%, 30/56) who had previously received steroid therapy. In 23 patients (77%) who received steroid therapy and were intubated, antiviral therapy was started in the first 6 days and Lymphocyte / White blood cells (LYM/WBC) ratios were lower than 0.18. The LYM/WBC ratio was found to be less than 0.12 in 14 patients who were intubated but did not receive steroid treatment before. 30(11%) of the patients included in the study died. While the number of deaths among those who did not receive steroid treatment was 10 (5%), it was 20 (36%) among the patients who did. Among in these 20 patients, it was observed that all 9 people who started antiviral treatment before 3 days, who were over 57 years old and whose oxygen saturation result was moderate or severe, died.ConclusionsWe think that the use of steroids in early period may be detrimental in rapidly progressive patients with lymphopenia that may be an independent marker of immune dysregulation.Box-ED SectionWhat is already known on the study topic?Progressive respiratory failure is the main cause of clinical worsening in COVİD-19 patients. Corticosteroid treatment has remarkable favourable effect on the prognosis.What is the conflict on the issue? Has it importance for readers?Corticosteroids is immunosupresive drug that have also nonspesific antienflammatory effect. Clinicians must consider multiple parameters such as patient status, disease period and existence of bacterial superinfection when to start corticosteroid treatment at bedside.How is this study structured?We conducted a retrospective study to analyze risk factors COVID-19 related intubation two cohorts. This study included patients diagnosed with COVID-19 induced pneumonia from March 21 to Apr 23,2020, at two university hospitals located on distinct sides of Istanbul province in Turkey.What does this study tell us?We think that the use of steroids in early period may be detrimental in rapidly progressive patients with lymphopenia that may be an independent marker of immune dysregulation
Forensic Alcohol Calculations in transgender individuals undergoing gender-affirming hormonal treatment
Authors: Maskell Peter D , Sang Katherine J C , Heymsfield Steven B , Shapses Sue , de Korompay Alanna 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTThere are an increasing number of individuals undergoing gender-affirming hormonal treatment (GAHT) to treat gender dysphoria. Forensic alcohol calculations require knowledge of the sex of the individual but this may disadvantage trans people as research has demonstrated that there are physiological changes in individuals who are undergoing GAHT.Using previously published studies on total body water (TBW) in cis individuals and the known changes in lean body mass and hematocrit in trans individuals, it is possible to revise the rubric for the estimation of TBW in trans individuals. We propose these revised equations are used for transgender individuals. When using these revised rubrics, we determined that for trans women the use of the cis male (sex at birth) anthropometric TBW equation only gives a small underestimation of TBW (0.9%) compared to the underestimation (−17.7%) of TBW using the cis female (affirmed gender) TBW equation. For trans men the use of gender at birth (cis female) TBW equation gives the largest disadvantage, underestimating TBW by -10.8 % compared to the affirmed gender (cis male) TBW equation that over estimates TBW by 6.6 %. For this reason, we recommend that if the sex at birth of an individual is not known or disclosed, any forensic alcohol calculations in the report are made assuming that the gender declared by the individual is their sex at birth.HIGHLIGHTSLarge number of people taking gender-affirming hormonal treatment (GAHT) around the worldTotal body water is altered in individuals taking GAHTForensic alcohol calculation results are affected by GAHTRecommended that in an individual undergoing GAHT revised Watson equation usedForensic alcohol reports state assumption that individual is cis (unless sex at birth is known)
Performance of an artificial intelligence-based smartphone app for guided reading of SARS-CoV-2 lateral-flow immunoassays
Authors: Bermejo-Peláez David , Marcos-Mencía Daniel , Álamo Elisa , Pérez-Panizo Nuria , Mousa Adriana , Dacal Elena , Lin Lin , Vladimirov Alexander , Cuadrado Daniel , Mateos-Nozal Jesús , Galán Juan Carlos , Romero-Hernández Beatriz , Cantón Rafael , Luengo-Oroz Miguel , Rodríguez-Domínguez Mario 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate an artificial intelligence-based smartphone application to automatically and objectively read rapid diagnostic test (RDT) results and assess its impact on COVID-19 pandemic management.MethodsOverall, 252 human sera from individuals with PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection were used to inoculate a total of 1165 RDTs for training and validation purposes. We then conducted two field studies to assess the performance on real-world scenarios by testing 172 antibody RDTs at two nursing homes and 92 antigen RDTs at one hospital emergency department.ResultsField studies demonstrated high levels of sensitivity (100%) and specificity (94.4%, CI 92.8-96.1%) for reading IgG band of COVID-19 antibodies RDTs compared to visual readings from health workers. Sensitivity of detecting IgM test bands was 100% and specificity was 95.8%, CI 94.3-97.3%. All COVID-19 antigen RDTs were correctly read by the app.ConclusionsThe proposed reading system is automatic, reducing variability and uncertainty associated with RDTs interpretation and can be used to read different RDTs brands. The platform can serve as a real time epidemiological tracking tool and facilitate reporting of positive RDTs to relevant health authorities.
Resting-state EEG distinguishes depression in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Espinoza Arturo I , May Patrick , Anjum Md Fahim , Singh Arun , Cole Rachel C , Trapp Nicholas , Dasgupta Soura , Narayanan Nandakumar S 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTIntroductionDepression is a non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD-related depression is hard to diagnose and the neurophysiological basis is poorly understood. Depression can markedly affect cortical function, which suggests that scalp electroencephalography (EEG) may be able to distinguish depression in PD.MethodsWe recruited 18 PD patients, 18 PD patients with depression, and 12 demographically-similar non-PD patients with clinical depression. All patients were on their usual medications. We collected resting-state EEG in all patients and compared cortical brain signal features between patients with and without depression. We used a machine-learning algorithm that harnesses the entire power spectrum (linear predictive coding of EEG Algorithm for PD: LEAPD), to distinguish between groups.ResultWe found differences between PD patients with and without depression in the alpha band (8-13 Hz) globally and in the beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma (30-80 Hz) bands in the central electrodes. From two minutes of resting-state EEG we found that LEAPD-based machine learning could robustly distinguish between PD patients with and without depression with 97% accuracy, and between PD patients with depression and non-PD patients with depression with 100% accuracy. We verified the robustness of our finding by confirming that the classification accuracy declines gracefully as data are truncated.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the efficacy of the LEAPD algorithm in identifying PD patients with depression from PD patients without depression and controls with depression. Our data provide insight into cortical mechanisms of depression and could lead to novel neurophysiologically-based biomarkers for non-motor symptoms of PD.HIGHLIGHTSWe used EEG to analyze depression in Parkinson’s disease.Depressed Parkinson’s patients had distinct spectral EEG features.Machine-learning algorithms could accurately distinguish depression in Parkinson’s disease.
Penetrance and Pleiotropy of Polygenic Risk Scores for Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Depression in the VA Health Care System
Authors: Bigdeli Tim B. , Voloudakis Georgios , Barr Peter B. , Gorman Bryan , Genovese Giulio , Peterson Roseann E. , Burstein David E. , Velicu Vlad I. , Li Yuli , Gupta Rishab , Mattheisen Manuel , Tomasi Simone , Rajeevan Nallakkandi , Sayward Frederick , Radhakrishnan Krishnan , Natarajan Sundar , Malhotra Anil K. , Shi Yunling , Zhao Hongyu , Kosten Thomas R. , Concato John , O’Leary Timothy J. , Przygodzki Ronald , Gleason Theresa , Pyarajan Saiju , Brophy Mary ,   Cooperative Studies Program (CSP) #572,   Million Veteran Program (MVP), Siever Larry J. , Huang Grant D. , Muralidhar Sumitra , Gaziano J. Michael , Aslan Mihaela , Fanous Ayman H. , Harvey Philip D. , Roussos Panos 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundSerious mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression are heritable, highly multifactorial disorders and major causes of disability worldwide. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) aggregate variants identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) into individual-level estimates of liability, and are a promising tool for clinical risk stratification.MethodsBy leveraging the VA’s extensive electronic health record (EHR) and a cohort of 9,378 individuals with confirmed diagnoses of schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder, we validated automated case-control assignments based on ICD-9/10 codes, and benchmarked the performance of current PRS for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression in 400,000 Million Veteran Program (MVP) participants. We explored broader relationships between PRS and 1,650 disease categories via phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS). Finally, we applied genomic structural equation modeling (gSEM) to derive novel PRS indexing common and disorder-specific latent genetic factors.FindingsAmong 3,953 and 5,425 individuals with diagnoses of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder type I that were confirmed by structured clinical interviews, 95% were correctly identified using ICD-9/10 codes (2 or more). Current PRS were robustly associated with case status in European (p<10−254) and African (p<10−5) participants and were higher among more frequently hospitalized patients (p<10−4). PheWAS confirmed previous associations among higher neuropsychiatric PRS and elevated risk for psychiatric and physical health problems and extended these findings to African Americans.InterpretationUsing diagnoses confirmed by in-person structured clinical interviews and current neuropsychiatric PRS, we demonstrated the validity of an EHR-based phenotyping approach in US veterans, highlighting the potential of PRS for disentangling biological and mediated pleiotropy.FundingDepartment of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program (CSP) #572; Million Veteran Program (MVP-000, MVP-006); Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs.
The effects of COVID-19 on European healthcare provision for people with major depressive disorder: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Sually Dilveer , Edwin Wong Win Lee , Hidalgo-Mazzei Diego , Quoidbach Vinciane , Simon Judit , Boyer Patrice , Strawbridge Rebecca , Young Allan H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEven before the pandemic, the treatment gaps in depression care were substantial, with issues ranging from rates of depression detection and intervention to a lack of follow-up after treatment initiation and access to secondary care services. The COVID-19 pandemic, which has had major effects on global healthcare systems, is almost certain to have impacted the MDD care pathway, though it is unclear what changes have manifested and what opportunities have arisen in response to COVID-19. The extent to which patients receive best-practice care is likely closely linked to clinical outcomes (and therefore disability burden) and as such, it is important to examine treatment gaps on the MDD care pathway during the pandemic. Here, we outline a protocol for a scoping review that investigates this broad topic, focusing on continuity of care and novel methods (e.g. digital approaches) used to mitigate care disruption. This scoping review protocol was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) standards and will culminate in a narrative synthesis of evidence.
Multiple Introductions of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Delta Variants into White-Tailed Deer in Pennsylvania
Authors: Marques Andrew D. , Sherrill-Mix Scott , Everett John K. , Adhikari Hriju , Reddy Shantan , Ellis Julie C. , Zeliff Haley , Greening Sabrina S. , Cannuscio Carolyn C. , Strelau Katherine M. , Collman Ronald G. , Kelly Brendan J. , Rodino Kyle G. , Bushman Frederic D. , Gagne Roderick B. , Anis Eman 
Published: February 2022

Introductory paragraphThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic likely began by viral spillover from animals to humans1-3; today multiple animal species are known to be susceptible to infection4-8. White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus are infected in North America at substantial levels9-11, and genomic data suggests that a variant in deer may have spilled back to humans12,13. Here we characterize SARS-CoV-2 in deer from Pennsylvania (PA) sampled during fall and winter 2021. Of 123 nasal swab samples analyzed by RT-qPCR, 20 (16.3%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Seven whole-genome sequences were obtained, together with six more partial spike sequences. These annotated as alpha and delta variants, the first reported observations of these lineages in deer, documenting multiple new jumps from humans to deer. The alpha lineage persisted in deer after its displacement by delta in humans, and deer-derived alpha variants diverged significantly from those in humans, consistent with a distinctive evolutionary trajectory in deer.