bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Horizons: the value of UK Biobank to research on endocrine and metabolic disorders
Authors: Bešević Jelena , Lacey Ben , Conroy Megan , Omiyale Wemimo , Feng Qi , Collins Rory , Allen Naomi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
UK Biobank is an intensively characterized prospective study of 500 000 men and women, aged 40 to 69 years when recruited, between 2006 and 2010, from the general population of the United Kingdom. Established as an open-access resource for researchers worldwide to perform health research that is in the public interest, UK Biobank has collected (and continues to collect) a vast amount of data on genetic, physiological, lifestyle, and environmental factors, with prolonged follow-up of heath conditions through linkage to administrative electronic health records. The study has already demonstrated its unique value in enabling research into the determinants of common endocrine and metabolic diseases. The importance of UK Biobank, heralded as a flagship project for UK health research, will only increase over time as the number of incident disease events accrue, and the study is enhanced with additional data from blood assays (such as whole-genome sequencing, metabolomics, and proteomics), wearable technologies (including physical activity and cardiac monitors), and body imaging (magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). This unique research resource is likely to transform our understanding of the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of many endocrine and metabolic disorders.
Returning to work at school during the COVID -19 pandemic, is it stressful for schoolteachers? Assessment of immediate psychological effects: a cross sectional study
Authors: Kamath Sowmini Padmanabh , Mithra Prasanna , K Jayashree , Kulkarni Vaman , Joshi Jayateertha , Kamath Padmanabh , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Pai Keshava 
Published: July 2022

Background: The adoption of remote classes for students has been in vogue since the onset of the pandemic. Schools reopened in a phased manner after the second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India. Reverting to the regular face-to-face teaching for students became a challenge to the teachers and students, especially at times when there was an impending third wave on the way. The study aimed to assess the presence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in teachers who attended reopened schools in the scenario of face-to-face classes. In addition, we studied the association of psychological symptoms with teachers' age groups, gender, school boards, and school institution type. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October to December 2021 after schools had reopened. Data was collected using Google Form questionnaires in 124 schoolteachers. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21) questionnaire assessed the psychological symptoms. Results: Of 124 schoolteachers, 108(87.1%) were female, 112 (90.3%) were from private institutions, and 70(56.5%) were from Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) school boards. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in teachers was 30.6%, 45.2%, and 20.2%, respectively. Nearly 80% of the female teachers expressed depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Amongst all the age groups, symptoms were higher in 40-49 group. We found anxiety to be statistically significant when compared with gender (p-0.042). We found no statistically significant differences concerning age groups, school boards, or school institutions with any psychological symptoms. Conclusions: The prevalence of psychological symptoms was high among schoolteachers after schools reopened for regular face-to-face teaching. Gender was associated with anxiety in teachers. We agree that identifying teachers' symptoms and providing adequate psychological counseling/support would improve their mental health status and thereby the quality of teaching to students.
SARS-CoV-2 and the role of close contact in transmission: a systematic review
Authors: Onakpoya Igho J. , Heneghan Carl J. , Spencer Elizabeth A. , Brassey Jon , Plüddemann Annette , Evans David H. , Conly John M. , Jefferson Tom 
Published: July 2022

Background: SARS-CoV-2 transmission has been reported to be associated with close contact with infected individuals. However, the mechanistic pathway for transmission in close contact settings is unclear. Our objective was to identify, appraise and summarise the evidence from studies assessing the role of close contact in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods: This review is part of an Open Evidence Review on Transmission Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. We conduct ongoing searches using WHO Covid-19 Database, LitCovid, medRxiv, PubMed and Google Scholar; assess study quality based on the QUADAS-2 criteria and report important findings on an ongoing basis. Results: We included 278 studies: 258 primary studies and 20 systematic reviews. The settings for primary studies were predominantly in home/quarantine facilities (39.5%) and acute care hospitals (12%). The overall reporting quality of the studies was low-to-moderate. There was significant heterogeneity in design and methodology. The frequency of attack rates (PCR testing) varied between 2.1-75%; attack rates were highest in prison and wedding venues, and in households. The frequency of secondary attack rates was 0.3-100% with rates highest in home/quarantine settings. Three studies showed no transmission if the index case was a recurrent infection. Viral culture was performed in four studies of which three found replication-competent virus; culture results were negative where index cases had recurrent infections. Eighteen studies performed genomic sequencing with phylogenetic analysis – the completeness of genomic similarity ranged from 77-100%. Findings from systematic reviews showed that children were significantly less likely to transmit SARS-CoV-2 and household contact was associated with a significantly increased risk of infection. Conclusions: The evidence from published studies demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted in close contact settings. The risk of transmission is greater in household contacts. There was a wide variation in methodology. Standardized guidelines for reporting transmission in close contact settings should be developed.
Remote learning as assessed by students of Collegium Medicum of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce (survey questionnaire research)
Authors: Mlodawski Jakub , Mlodawska Marta , Swiercz Grzegorz 
Published: July 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, there was a temporary transition to distance learning at universities. For students of the medical faculty, this change lasted for a shorter than other faculties and was effective until the start of mass vaccinations. For 6 months lectures, seminars, and exercises were held remotely. We conducted an internet-based survey among medical students regarding their assessment of their distance learning experience. We wanted to compare the assessment of students from the first to the third year of studies (group A), who mostly have theoretical classes, and the fourth to sixth (group B), who should mostly have exercises "at the patient's bedside".

Students of the medical faculty (n=82) participated in the survey (62% from group A and 38% from group B). All respondents had free access to a computer and the Internet. We assessed the individual areas of interest in the survey with a five-point Likert scale. There were no differences in the assessment of their own IT competencies among students of both groups. Students of both groups noticed that their level of IT competencies increased in the course of distance learning. The groups differed in terms of the assessment of the level of education offered by the university (4.6 vs 3.2, p <0.05), and the assessment of their own involvement (4.5 vs 3.4, p <0.05). The highest-rated forms of remote learning by students were group work on projects in designated channels of communication with assistants (86% and 78% willingly participate in it). The form assessed to be the worst was teaching based on providing content in electronic form (35% and 42%, respectively, willingly participate in it). The students of the group are less satisfied with the remote classes, which may correspond to the lack of contact with the individual patients. Less satisfaction with the classes conducted leads among students to less involvement on their part.
Intraventricular haemorrhage in premature infants. Review of diagnostic methods, treatment and influence on neurodevelopment
Authors: Żyga Justyna 
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Preterm infants are at high risk for various neurological complications and mortality caused by hypoxemia, haemorrhage or inflammation concerning preterm delivery. Resulting brain lesions are mostly asymptomatic - they cannot be diagnosed clinically as such neuroimaging of preterm infants has become part of routine clinical care.
In this article, newest studies about intraventricular haemorrhage, its complications and treatment methods were reviewed. The PubMed database was searched using keywords “intraventricular haemorrhage”, “preterm infant”, “intraventricular haemorrhage treatment”, “intraventricular haemorrhage outcome”.
State of knowledge: Early diagnosis, appropriate nursing care and treatment can minimise morbidity. Prognosis is mainly determined by the severity of bleeding, occurred complications and neurological irreversible changes. Intraventricular haemorrhage can cause posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, disability and mental retardation in further life. Even mild grades of haemorrhage can result in developmental disorders. Long-term issues such as neurodevelopmental disorders and cerebral palsy are as important as short-term problems. Detection of injuries affecting preterm infants is used to identify complications that might necessitate an intervention. While head ultrasound is the standard of care for routine neuroimaging screening, the use of brain magnetic resonance imaging has expanded recently.
Conclusions: Considerable advances in neonatal care have resulted in improved survival and prognosis of development of preterm infants with intraventricular haemorrhage. Although there is a wide range of treatment methods, further studies are needed to assess their safety, effectiveness and impact on short- and long-term outcome.
Food neophobia - natural developmental stage or feeding difficulty? A study of children's behavior and parents' knowledge about children’s neophobic behaviors
Authors: Białek-Dratwa Agnieszk , Grajek Mateusz 
Published: July 2022

Background: An increasing number of parents report problems with feeding their children to dieticians. Failure to expand the diet or sudden discontinuation of a variety of foods makes them increasingly worried about their child's monotonous diet and mealtime behavior The aim of this study was to assess parents' awareness of food neophobia and the attitudes and behaviors associated with it.
Material and method: The study was carried out using a questionnaire-based indirect survey technique using a web form (CAWI). A total of 224 adults (parents of preschool children) participated in the study. The research tool was an anonymous survey questionnaire consisting of three parts. In the last part, a scale concerning neophobic behavior was used. The study group consisted mainly of mothers - 78.3% (n=159); fathers - 21.7% (n= 44).
Results: In the study group, no child scored several points indicating a very high probability of neophobia. A high probability is possible in 28 children (13.79%), a possible predisposition to the occurrence of food neophobia exists in 66 children (32.51%), while 109 children (53.69%) do not present a predisposition to food neophobia.
Conclusions: The study did not show children's behaviors reported by parents that could indicate a very high probability of food neophobia in their children. Moreover, the results of the questionnaire of neophobia scale indicate that this problem in the studied population concerns about 10% of the examined children.
A scoping review of burden of disease studies estimating disability-adjusted life years due to Taenia solium
Authors: Larkins Andrew , Bruce Mieghan , Di Bari Carlotta , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Pigott David M. , Ash Amanda 
Published: July 2022

Background
Taenia solium is the most significant global foodborne parasite and the leading cause of preventable human epilepsy in low and middle-income countries in the form of neurocysticercosis.

Objectives
This scoping review aimed to examine the methodology of peer-reviewed studies that estimate the burden of T. solium using disability-adjusted life years.

Eligibility criteria
Studies must have calculated disability-adjusted life years relating to T. solium.

Charting methods
The review process was managed by a single reviewer using Rayyan. Published data relating to disease models, data sources, disability-adjusted life years, sensitivity, uncertainty, missing data, and key limitations were collected.

Results
15 studies were included for review, with seven global and eight national or sub-national estimates. Studies primarily employed attributional disease models that relied on measuring the occurrence of epilepsy before applying an attributable fraction to estimate the occurrence of neurocysticercosis-associated epilepsy. This method relies heavily on the extrapolation of observational studies across populations and time periods; however, it is currently required due to the difficulties in diagnosing neurocysticercosis. Studies discussed that a lack of data was a key limitation and their results likely underestimate the true burden of T. solium. Methods to calculate disability-adjusted life years varied across studies with differences in approaches to time discounting, age weighting, years of life lost, and years of life lived with disability. Such differences limit the ability to compare estimates between studies.

Conclusions
This review illustrates the complexities associated with T. solium burden of disease studies and highlights the potential need for a burden of disease reporting framework. The burden of T. solium is likely underestimated due to the challenges in diagnosing neurocysticercosis and a lack of available data. Advancement in diagnostics, further observational studies, and new approaches to parameterising disease models are required if estimates are to improve.
A qualitative examination of the factors affecting the adoption of injury focused wearable technologies in recreational runners
Authors: Lacey Aisling , Whyte Enda , O’Keeffe Sinéad , O’Connor Siobhán , Moran Kieran 
Published: July 2022

Purpose
Understanding the perceived efficacy and ease of use of technologies will influence initial adoption and sustained utilization. The objectives of this study were to determine the metrics deemed important by runners for monitoring running-related injury (RRI) risk, and identify the facilitators and barriers to their use of injury focused wearable technologies.

Methods
A qualitative focus group study was undertaken. Nine semi-structured focus groups with male (n = 13) and female (n = 14) recreational runners took place. Focus groups were audio and video recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were thematically analysed. A critical friend approach was taken to data coding, and multiple methods of trustworthiness were executed.

Results
Excessive loading and inadequate recovery were deemed the most important risk factors to monitor for RRI risk. Other important factors included training activities, injury status and history, and running technique. The location and method of attachment of a wearable device, the design of a smartphone application, and receiving useful injury-related information will affect recreational runners’ adoption of injury focused technologies.

Conclusions
Overtraining, training-related and individual-related risk factors are essential metrics that need to be monitored for RRI risk. RRI apps should include the metrics deemed important by runners, once there is supporting evidence-based research. The difficulty and/or ease of use of a device, and receiving useful feedback will influence the adoption of injury focused running technologies. There is a clear willingness from recreational runners to adopt injury focused wearable technologies whilst running.
Correlation among clinical, functional and morphological indexes of the respiratory system in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients
Authors: Perossi Jéssica , Koenigkam-Santos Marcel , Perossi Larissa , dos Santos Daniele Oliveira , Simoni Letícia Helena de Souza , de Souza Hugo Celso Dutra , Gastaldi Ada Clarice 
Published: July 2022

Background
Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is a heterogeneous disease, which assessment and severity can’t be defined by one particular instrument but using a multidimensional score. Thus, in additional to traditional methods, alternative tools have been developed to assist these patients’ evaluation.

Objective
To correlate functional and morphological indexes with severity and dyspnea in NCFB patients, focusing on the correlation between the impulse oscillometry system (IOS) and the quantitative analysis of computed tomography (CT).

Methods
Clinically stable NCFB patients, between 18 and 80 years old were submitted to clinical, functional and morphological evaluations assessed by Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI) and Medical Research Council (MRC) scale; spirometry and IOS; and subjective and quantitative Chest CT scans analysis, respectively.

Results
This study included 38 patients. The best correlations obtained between functional and morphological airway indexes were: resistance at 5 Hz—R5 and the normalized thickness of bronchial walls—Pi10 (r = 0.57), and the mean forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75%) and CT score (r = -0.39). BSI as well as MRC showed higher correlations with the quantitative automated analysis of CT (BSI and Pi10: r = 0.41; MRC and Pi10: r = 0.35) than with subjective CT score (BSI and CT score: r = 0.41; MRC and CT score: r = 0.15); and moderate and weak correlations were obtained on both functional airway indexes (BSI and peripheral airways resistance - R5-R20: r = 0.53; BSI and forced expiratory volume at the first second—FEV1: R = -0,64; MRC and R5-R20: r = 0.42; and MRC and VEF1: r = -0.45).

Conclusion
In NCFB patients, compartmentalized methods for assessing the respiratory system (IOS and the automated quantitative CT analysis) have a good correlation with severity and dyspnea.
COVID-19 Time of Intubation Mortality Evaluation (C-TIME): A system for predicting mortality of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at the time they require mechanical ventilation
Authors: Raschke Robert A. , Rangan Pooja , Agarwal Sumit , Uppalapu Suresh , Sher Nehan , Curry Steven C. , Heise C. William 
Published: July 2022

Background
An accurate system to predict mortality in patients requiring intubation for COVID-19 could help to inform consent, frame family expectations and assist end-of-life decisions.

Research objective
To develop and validate a mortality prediction system called C-TIME (COVID-19 Time of Intubation Mortality Evaluation) using variables available before intubation, determine its discriminant accuracy, and compare it to acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE IVa) and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA).

Methods
A retrospective cohort was set in 18 medical-surgical ICUs, enrolling consecutive adults, positive by SARS-CoV 2 RNA by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction or positive rapid antigen test, and undergoing endotracheal intubation. All were followed until hospital discharge or death. The combined outcome was hospital mortality or terminal extubation with hospice discharge. Twenty-five clinical and laboratory variables available 48 hours prior to intubation were entered into multiple logistic regression (MLR) and the resulting model was used to predict mortality of validation cohort patients. Area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was calculated for C-TIME, APACHE IVa and SOFA.

Results
The median age of the 2,440 study patients was 66 years; 61.6 percent were men, and 50.5 percent were Hispanic, Native American or African American. Age, gender, COPD, minimum mean arterial pressure, Glasgow Coma scale score, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio, maximum creatinine and bilirubin, receiving factor Xa inhibitors, days receiving non-invasive respiratory support and days receiving corticosteroids prior to intubation were significantly associated with the outcome variable. The validation cohort comprised 1,179 patients. C-TIME had the highest AUROC of 0.75 (95%CI 0.72–0.79), vs 0.67 (0.64–0.71) and 0.59 (0.55–0.62) for APACHE and SOFA, respectively (Chi2 P<0.0001).

Conclusions
C-TIME is the only mortality prediction score specifically developed and validated for COVID-19 patients who require mechanical ventilation. It has acceptable discriminant accuracy and goodness-of-fit to assist decision-making just prior to intubation. The C-TIME mortality prediction calculator can be freely accessed on-line at https://phoenixmed.arizona.edu/ctime.
Machine learning techniques for forecasting agricultural prices: A case of brinjal in Odisha, India
Authors: Paul Ranjit Kumar , Yeasin Md. , Kumar Pramod , Kumar Prabhakar , Balasubramanian M. , Roy H. S. , Paul A. K. , Gupta Ajit 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPrice forecasting of perishable crop like vegetables has importance implications to the farmers, traders as well as consumers. Timely and accurate forecast of the price helps the farmers switch between the alternative nearby markets to sale their produce and getting good prices. The farmers can use the information to make choices around the timing of marketing. For forecasting price of agricultural commodities, several statistical models have been applied in past but those models have their own limitations in terms of assumptions.MethodsIn recent times, Machine Learning (ML) techniques have been much successful in modeling time series data. Though, numerous empirical studies have shown that ML approaches outperform time series models in forecasting time series, but their application in forecasting vegetables prices in India is scared. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to explore efficient ML algorithms e.g. Generalized Neural Network (GRNN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest (RF) and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) for forecasting wholesale price of Brinjal in seventeen major markets of Odisha, India.ResultsAn empirical comparison of the predictive accuracies of different models with that of the usual stochastic model i.e. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model is carried out and it is observed that ML techniques particularly GRNN performs better in most of the cases. The superiority of the models is established by means of Model Confidence Set (MCS), and other accuracy measures such as Mean Error (ME), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Prediction Error (MAPE). To this end, Diebold-Mariano test is performed to test for the significant differences in predictive accuracy of different models.ConclusionsAmong the machine learning techniques, GRNN performs better in all the seventeen markets as compared to other techniques. RF performs at par with GRNN in four markets. The accuracies of other techniques such as SVR, GBM and ARIMA are not up to the mark.