bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated mineralogy (SEM-EDS) approach to sandstone reservoir quality and diagenesis
Authors: Worden Richard H. , Utley James E. P. 
Published: September 2022

Porosity and permeability define the reservoir quality of a sandstone. Porosity and permeability are controlled by primary sedimentary characteristics and subsequent diagenetic modification. Grain size, sorting, detrital mineralogy, and matrix content are defined at the point of deposition. Bioturbation, infiltration, continued alteration of reactive minerals and soft sediment deformation can occur soon after deposition and, together with the primary characteristics, these condition, or define, how a sediment will behave during subsequent burial. Diagenetic modifications include compaction, initially mechanical and then chemical, mineral growth and, in some cases, grain dissolution and development of secondary pores. Porosity and permeability typically decrease as diagenesis progresses. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) approaches can be applied to study many aspects of sandstone diagenesis including detrital mineralogy, grain size, sorting, grain shape, grain angularity and matrix content. SEM-EDS is also useful for defining quantities and location in the pore network of cements that are mineralogically distinct from detrital grains (e.g., calcite, dolomite, siderite, or anhydrite). SEM-EDS can be useful for studying clay mineral cements, especially when they occur in patches bigger than 5–10 μm. In sandstones, SEM-EDS is not so useful when the cements are mineralogically identical to detrital grains (e.g., quartz cement in quartz sandstones) where additional signals such as cathodoluminescence (CL) may be required. Macro- and meso-pores can be quantified using SEM-EDS but, on its own, it cannot automatically measure micro-porosity as it is below the minimum 1 µm spatial resolution of the approach. Mechanical compaction, a key process that causes porosity-loss in sandstones, is not easily quantified using SEM-EDS. Nonetheless, together with additional routine techniques, SEM-EDS can be used to solve most problems associated with sandstone diagenesis and reservoir quality.
A 35-year daily global solar radiation dataset reconstruction at the Great Wall Station, Antarctica: First results and comparison with ERA5, CRA40 reanalysis, and ICDR (AVHRR) satellite products
Authors: Zeng Zhaoliang , Wang Xin , Wang Zemin , Zhang Wenqian , Zhang Dongqi , Zhu Kongju , Mai Xiaoping , Cheng Wei , Ding Minghu 
Published: September 2022

Solar radiation drives many geophysical and biological processes in Antarctica, such as sea ice melting, ice sheet mass balance, and photosynthetic processes of phytoplankton in the polar marine environment. Although reanalysis and satellite products can provide important insight into the global scale of solar radiation in a seamless way, the ground-based radiation in the polar region remains poorly understood due to the harsh Antarctic environment. The present study attempted to evaluate the estimation performance of empirical models and machine learning models, and use the optimal model to establish a 35-year daily global solar radiation (DGSR) dataset at the Great Wall Station, Antarctica using meteorological observation data during 1986–2020. In addition, it then compared against the DGSR derived from ERA5, CRA40 reanalysis, and ICDR (AVHRR) satellite products. For the DGSR historical estimation performance, the machine learning method outperforms the empirical formula method overall. Among them, the Mutli2 model (hindcast test R2, RMSE, and MAE are 0.911, 1.917 MJ/m2, and 1.237 MJ/m2, respectively) for the empirical formula model and XGBoost model (hindcast test R2, RMSE, and MAE are 0.938, 1.617 MJ/m2, and 1.030 MJ/m2, respectively) for the machine learning model were found with the highest accuracy. For the austral summer half-year, the estimated DGSR agrees very well with the observed DGSR, with a mean bias of only −0.47 MJ/m2. However, other monthly DGSR products differ significantly from observations, with mean bias of 1.05 MJ/m2, 3.27 MJ/m2, and 6.90 MJ/m2 for ICDR (AVHRR) satellite, ERA5, and CRA40 reanalysis products, respectively. In addition, the DGSR of the Great Wall Station, Antarctica followed a statistically significant increasing trend at a rate of 0.14 MJ/m2/decade over the past 35 years. To our best knowledge, this study presents the first reconstruction of the Antarctica Great Wall Station DGSR spanning 1986–2020, which will contribute to the research of surface radiation balance in Antarctic Peninsula.
Two kinematic transformations of the Pamir salient since the Mid-Cenozoic: Constraints from multi-timescale deformation analysis
Authors: Ge Jin , Shi Xuhua , Chen Hanlin , Lin Xiubin , Ge Weipeng , Wei Xiaochun , Li Feng , Chen Jie , Li Haibing , Cheng Xiaogan , Zhang Fengqi 
Published: September 2022

The Pamir salient is a key part of the Himalayan–Tibetan Plateau orogenic system and has undergone intense tectonic deformation during the India–Asian collision. Delineating the Cenozoic kinematics and geodynamics of the Pamir salient requires a comprehensive understanding of the active arcuate structures along its frontal margin, from the perspective of the multi-spatiotemporal evolution of deformation patterns. Here, we reviewed the deformation rates of the major structures at different timescales, reanalyzed the published Global Positioning System velocities, and examined the present-day seismicity to constrain the kinematics of the Pamir salient since the Late Cenozoic. Integrated with the crustal evolution history during the Middle–Late Cenozoic and the deep structure, we proposed a new model to explain the multi-stage kinematics and associated geodynamics of the Pamir salient. During ∼37–24 Ma, the initial Pamir salient moved northward via radial thrusting that rotated the basins on both sides, which was driven by the continuous compression of the Indian slab after the breakoff of its oceanic part. During ∼23–12 Ma, the gravitational collapse of the Central and South Pamir crusts, which was induced by the breakoff of the continental part of the Indian slab, triggered the extension within the Pamir and foreland-ward movement of the upper crust. The upper crustal materials moved in varying directions due to the differential strength of the foreland areas, transforming the crustal kinematics from radial thrusting into a combination of radial thrusting and transfer faulting. Since the coupling of the Indian and Pamir slabs at ∼12–11 Ma, the deformation propagation towards the forelands accelerated, after which the kinematics of the Pamir salient exhibited asymmetric radial thrusting that has been sustained until the present. The asymmetric radial thrusting was likely driven by the compressive stress effect of the lithospheric basal shear generated by the underthrusting of the cratonic Indian lithosphere, which further led to the rollback of the Pamir slab and the consequent migratory extension in the South Pamir.
An improved energy management for MVDC distribution system based on exponential droop control
Authors: Lu Wenbiao , Xiao Qian , Jia Hongjie , Mu Yunfei , Cui Mingjian , Jin Yu , Li Tianxiang , Zhang Yuwei , Yu Xiaodan 
Published: September 2022

The energy management optimization and DC voltage stability are the main challenges when loads surging and renewable energy sources (RESs) fluctuations occur in the medium-voltage DC distribution system (MVDC-DS). To solve these issues, this paper proposes a dual-time scale energy management method based on improved droop control for the MVDC-DS. Firstly, a ±10 kV three-terminal hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based ring MVDC-DS with DC fault ride-through capability is constructed, which including electric vehicle charging stations, energy storage systems, multiple loads and RESs. Secondly, the droop control adopted by the hybrid MMC is improved by exp-function to achieve higher power quality. On this basis, a dual-time scale energy management method is proposed to minimize the electricity purchasing cost. The reference power of each controllable unit is optimized in the long time scale, and the parameters of improved droop control are optimized in the short time scale. Finally, a case study is conducted on the ±10 kV three-terminal hybrid MMC-based ring MVDC-DS, and the results indicate that the proposed method can improve the economy and power quality of system, and help to realize the normal system operation under different conditions.
Water-temperature controlled deformation patterns in Heifangtai loess terraces revealed by wavelet analysis of InSAR time series and hydrological parameters
Authors: Cao Zhongcheng , Wang Teng 
Published: September 2022

Loess deposits are widely distributed in western and central China. Because loess is wet-collapsible, loess mass is prone to failure after water infiltration. Heifangtai, composed of two adjacent typical loess platforms located in the Loess Plateau beside the Yellow River, has experienced hundreds of landslides in the past few decades. Here, we derived surficial time-series deformation, velocity, and amplitude of seasonality from the Sentinel-1 SAR images acquired from October 2014 to March 2021 in the Heifangtai region and studied their relation with precipitation, temperature, and irrigation applying wavelet analysis. The decomposed velocities show that not only a large amount of along-slope deformation occurred surrounding the terrace but also a significant subsidence in the residential area in the middle of the platform was observed. The high-seasonality areas are distributed along the Yellow River and on the terrace consistent with other water sources, e.g., springs and irrigation, revealing a promotion of a periodic water-involved process on deformation in loess. Through the wavelet analysis, we found that the temperature is almost in phase with the uplift velocity when the temperature is below the freezing point. The precipitation precedes the surface displacement of ∼1 to 2 months for water penetration. The comparison between irrigation volumes and averaged displacements suggests that irrigation also plays a role in promoting subsidence from March to October but uplift in winter due to frost heave. We highlight that the retrogressions of the terraces in this region may be accelerated by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Careful monitoring and water management are highly recommended for the safety of local residences and infrastructures.
Effect of periodic water-sediment laden flow on damage for steel piles
Authors: Liu Mingwei , Zeng Liqin , Wu Linjian , Zhu Chenhao , Abi Erdi 
Published: September 2022

Due to the problems of shallow overburden and deep water construction, etc., steel tube piles are mostly used in the substructures of frame-wharves in inland rivers of China, especially in the upper stream of Yangtze River. Affected by the fluctuating backwater area of the Three Gorges, anticorrosion coatings of steel structures generally fell off. The steel piles exposed to the water level fluctuation area are subjected to periodic erosion damage process of water-sediment laden flow, which accelerate the corrosions of the steel pile and greatly affect the durability of the wharf structures. In order to explore the effect of periodic water-sediment laden flow on the damage for steel piles in water level fluctuation area of inland rivers, a series of accelerated periodic erosion tests were carried out in laboratory to acquire the damage laws of steel samples under different working conditions. Results showed that the residual masses of steel samples fluctuated with the increasing number of cycles and that the corrosion depths of steel samples were logarithmically correlated with the experimental time. According to the results of periodic accelerated erosion test based on the water-sediment laden flow and existing corrosion theory, a time-dependent model for the corrosion of steel components under water-sediment laden flow was established, as well as a evaluated method for the resistance degradation of steel pile was proposed. Finally, after 20 years, the actual resistance of the steel structure exposed to the water level fluctuation area was less than 60% compared by the initial structural resistance. The research results can provide important guiding significance for reasonably predicting the durability of hydraulic steel structures.
Design of a 2-Bit wide-angle coding metasurface for bistatic RCS reduction
Authors: Huang Yi Fei , Jiang Zhongjin , Liu Lu , Zhang Hao Chi 
Published: September 2022

A 2-bit wide-angle coding metasurface is proposed to decrease the bistatic radar cross section (RCS) in this study. Each meta-atom of the designed coding metasurface is composed of a wide-beamwidth microstrip antenna whose feeding port is loaded with an open stub. There are globally four phase-coding states, namely, “00,” “01,” “10,” and “11,” which are achieved in a wide-angle range through an elaborate design of the lengths of the open stubs. Simulation results indicate that, for each meta-atom, the reflective amplitude is above −1 dB, and the reflective phase difference between two adjacent coding states is limited in the range of 90° ± 25° at 8 GHz at incident angles, 0°, 20°, 40°, and 60°. In addition, the generalized Rudin–Shapiro (RS) polynomial is applied to design the coding sequence of the metasurface array to reduce bistatic RCS. A 16 × 16 metasurface array is simulated, manufactured, and measured to validate the bistatic RCS reduction. The simulated results perfectly agree with the experimental results when the incidence angle of the 8 GHz plane wave is within 60°, which shows that the coding metasurface is practical and valid.
Efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with programmed cell death protein-1 antibody and lenvatinib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xu Yongkang , Fu Shumin , Mao Ye , Huang Shenglan , Li Dan , Wu Jianbing 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who are undergoing hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) combined with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody and lenvatinib.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 61 patients treated with HAIC combined with PD-1 antibody and lenvatinib at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between September 2020 and January 2022 for advanced HCC. We analyzed tumor response, progression free survival (PFS), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs).ResultsThe objective response rate (ORR) was 36.1% (RECIST 1.1)/57.4% (mRECIST) and the disease control rate (DCR) was 82.0%. The overall median PFS was 6.0 months, 6.7 months for first-line treatment, and 4.3 months for second-line treatment. The most common TRAEs were neutropenia (50.8%), abdominal pain (45.9%), and aspartate aminotransferase increase (39.3%).ConclusionHepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with PD-1 antibody and lenvatinib is effective in the treatment of advanced HCC, and the TRAEs are generally controllable.
Association of baseline level of cardiovascular risk burden and its temporal changes with cognitive decline
Authors: Ji Xiaoli , Gao Hui , Sun Daoyuan , Zhao Wensui , Zhuang Jianlin , Wang Kan , Ahmadizar Fariba 
Published: September 2022

Background and aimPrevious studies on cardiovascular risk burden assessed by the Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score (FGCRS) and cognitive trajectories mainly focus on Western populations and most of them have used a single measure of cardiovascular risk. In this study, among middle-aged and older Chinese, we investigated (i) the association of baseline FGCRS with subsequent cognitive decline and (ii) the association of FGCRS change with concomitant cognitive decline.Materials and methodsIn wave 1 to wave 4 (2011–2018) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, global cognition was assessed by orientation, memory, and executive function. FGCRS was assessed and categorized into tertiles (low, intermediate, and high) at baseline (2011) and 4 years after (2015). Furthermore, external validation was performed to check its generalizability using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) 2008–2018.ResultsIn total, 6,402 participants with a mean [standard deviation (SD) age of 57.8 (8.4) years, 49.0% women] with complete baseline data and at least one reassessment of cognitive function were included. A 10% increment in baseline FGCRS was associated with a faster decline in global cognition (−0.010 SD/year, 95% CI −0.013, −0.008). Among 4,336 participants [mean (SD) age of 57.8 (8.2) years, 50.0% women] with data on FGCRS changes, compared to individuals with the consistently low FGCRS (reference group), a faster global cognition decline rate was observed in the low to intermediate group (−0.026 SD/year, 95% CI −0.045, −0.007), the low to high group (−0.052 SD/year, 95% CI −0.102, −0.001), the consistently intermediate group (−0.019 SD/year, 95% CI −0.033, −0.005), the intermediate to high group (−0.040 SD/year, 95% CI −0.058, −0.022), the high to intermediate group (−0.024 SD/year, 95% CI −0.047, −0.002), and the consistently high group (−0.047 SD/year, 95% CI −0.060, −0.034). Similar trends were observed for individual cognitive domains. Results from the external validation using the ELSA remained consistent.ConclusionHigher baseline FGCRS was associated with faster cognitive decline. However, there was no consistent relationship between the direction of changes in FGCRS and cognitive decline.
Effects of vibration training vs. conventional resistance training among community-dwelling older people with sarcopenia: three-arm randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Lu Linqian , He Xiangfeng , Ma Lin , Liu Yu , Chen Nan 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSarcopenia is a chronic and progressive disease, which is accompanied by the decline in muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance with aging, and it can lead to falls, fracture, and premature death. The prevention and treatment of sarcopenia mainly include exercise therapy and nutritional supplement. Exercise therapy is one of the most potential interventions to prevent and/or delay the progression of sarcopenia. Resistance training (RT), one of the most commonly used exercise types, is widely used in the treatment of sarcopenia, while vibration training (VT) is a prospective strategy for improving sarcopenia in older people. The aim of our study is to compare the effect of VT and RT in older people with sarcopenia on muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, blood biomarkers, and quality of life.Methods and analysisOur study is a 12-week, three-arm randomized controlled trial with assessor-blinded. The diagnosis criteria for subject recruitment adopt the guidelines for the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. A total of 54 subjects who met the criteria were randomized into one of the following three groups: VT group, RT group, and control group. The VT group and RT group received a 12-week whole-body vibration training and a resistance training program three times every week, respectively. The primary outcome is lower limb muscle strength, and the secondary outcomes include muscle mass, upper limb muscle strength, physical performance, blood biomarkers, and quality of life. We then performed assessments three times, at baseline (0 week), after intervention (12 weeks), and follow-up (24 weeks). The adverse events were also be reported. All outcome measurements were performed by the same researchers. Data were saved in the unified database, and the collected data of all subjects were analyzed by intention-to-treat analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis study was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Committee of Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch. The findings of the study were authorized in peer-reviewed journals with online access; meanwhile, it will be presented at domestic or international academic congresses.Clinical trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100051178), registered on 15 September 2021.
Quercetin targets VCAM1 to prevent diabetic cerebrovascular endothelial cell injury
Authors: Huang Jiebin , Lin Weiwei , Sun Yuxing , Wang Qian , He Shidian , Han Zhihua , Lu Lixing , Kang Xueran , Chen Yisheng , Guo Haoran , Cui Zhiyong , Sun Chenyu , Go Ken , Wu Junyi , Yao Mengxuan , Cao Mingfeng , Xu Yuzhen 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionEndothelial cells play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases caused by diabetes, therefore, we aimed at investigating the mechanisms through which endothelial cells are involved in diabetes development.MethodsSingle cell analysis was performed to identify the major endothelial cell subtypes in cardiovascular tissues that are involved in diabetes development. A cell-cell communication approach was then used to identify ligand-receptor interaction pairs between these cell types. Differential expression analysis between the two experimental groups [standard chow diet group and diabetogenic diet with cholesterol (DDC) group] was used to identify diabetes-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The upregulated genes were used to identify candidate ligands or receptors, as well as the corresponding cell types. Cell trajectory inference was performed to identify the stage of cell development and changes in expression of candidate ligands or receptors during cell development. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to investigate the biological functions of genes of purpose. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations (MDSs) were used to predict potential drugs with the ability to target the proteins of purpose.ResultsSeven cell types, including five endothelial cell subtypes (EC_1, EC_2, EC_3, EC_4, and EC_EndMT), were identified from endothelial cell-enriched single cell samples from the heart and aorta of mice. Cell-cell communication analysis revealed the potential ligand-receptor interactions between these cell types while five important ligand-receptor-associated genes, including Fn1, Vcam1, Fbn1, Col4a1, and Col4a2, were established by differential expression analysis. Among them, Vcam1 is mainly expressed in EC_EndMT and is involved in interactions between EC_EndMT and other cells. Cell trajectory extrapolation analysis revealed a shift from EC_2/EC_4 to EC_EndMT and a shift from EC_EndMT to EC_3/EC_1 during the progression of diabetes. GSEA analysis revealed that upregulation of VCAM1 may have inhibitory effects on cell growth and energy metabolism.ConclusionEC_EndMT subtypes have a complex role in neurodegenerative diseases caused by diabetes. Through mechanisms involved in cell-cell communication, Vcam1 may play an important role in dysregulation of biological functions of EC_ EndMT. Molecular docking results of the quercetin-VCAM1 complex suggest that quercetin may be an effective drug for targeting this protein.