bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Pressure Soaking on Elastic Modulus of Steamed-Cooked Glutinous Rice Kernel
Authors: Glangchai Parichat , Rangsri Wetchayan 
Published: February 2022

The goal of this research is to assess the moduli of elasticity of steamed-cooked Thai Sanpatong 1 glutinous rice (GR) under various soaking conditions, primarily normal soaking and pressure soaking. The soaking process can influence properties of cooked rice. One of the main objectives is to determine the stiffness of cooked rice after soaking with either of the 2 methods, ASAE 368.4 was employed as main protocol for property testing and then Hooke’s and Hertz’s equations were used to estimate the moduli of elasticity. Poisson’s equation was used to estimate the Poisson’s ratios. The results show that the moduli of elasticity of the cooked normal-soaked and pressure-soaked rice determined using Hooke’s theory were 3.77 and 5.67 MPa, respectively. The moduli of elasticity of the cooked normal-soaked and pressure-soaked rice determined using Hertz’s theory were 1.58 and 2.33 MPa, respectively. Poisson’s ratio of the cooked normal-soaked and pressure-soaked rice were 0.27 and 0.28, respectively. Results revealed that the pressure treated rice has higher stiffness.
HIGHLIGHTS

Calculating modulus of elasticity of steamed-cooked Thai Sanpatong 1 Glutinous rice kernels obtained from Hertz’s theory yields get a higher modulus of elasticity than Hooke’s Theory
Hertz's equation is suitable method to estimation of minimum and maximum values for radius of curvature of small grains
Both of the modulus of elasticity calculated using these 2 theories theories reveal that the rice grains soaked under gauge pressure of 1 bar is stiffer than that ambient soaked

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Sustainable entrepreneurship in education through Science Maps
Authors: Vasquez-Peñafiel Maria-Stefanie , Perello-Marin María-Rosario 
Published: February 2022

The promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship is part of the major national and global goals since Agenda 2030 in 193 countries. Additionally, with global warming and the pandemic caused by covid-19, these goals became strategies for global reactivation, prioritizing the environment, social and economic aspects to create resilient and conscious organizations. Educational institutions, for their part, must assume the role of articulating in a multidisciplinary way the requirements of society through their knowledge to achieve generational changes giving solutions to existing problems. This article's main objective is to show the different research fronts related to sustainable entrepreneurship in education and their relationships before and after the pandemic to identify the different areas in which research is being conducted, their interconnections, and their evolution. For this purpose, a bibliometric analysis was carried out through science maps, covering three timeframes: (2006–2014), no relevant data before 2004, (2015-2019) Agenda 2030 was signed, (2020-today) Covid-19 pandemic. The results show profound changes in traditional trends, as well as the emergence of emerging trends.
Fashion in Altermodern China
Authors: Jie Feng 
Published: February 2022

Fashion in Altermodern China examines key features of women’s fashion within the cultural and political context of contemporary China. While global brands and styles heavily influence Chinese consumer trends, the Chinese fashion ‘system’ is formed of its own internal logics and emergent trends, too. Adopting the theoretical term ‘altermodern’, Feng Jie encourages us to view China in terms of its rapid modernization which presents its own rhythms and meanings, and argues persuasively that Chinese fashion can’t be wholly understood in terms of a Western discourse of modernity, postmodernity and the global.
Expanding our understanding of the fashion ‘system’, Fashion in Altermodern China takes on board new trends in global trade, new technologies, and the hybridity of designs and consumption of fashion. Through critical readings of Barthes, on the ‘neutral’, and Jullien, on ‘blandness’, both directly influenced by Asian philosophies, the author offers a new perspective on Chinese fashion, arguing that, while global-local contexts lead to identifiably postmodern and hybrid aesthetics, for women in contemporary China, the flux and mix of available fashions is experienced in a more open neutral manner than scholars have previously described. Crucially, then, rather than position trends in China only in terms of ‘hybridity’ (which betrays a Western bias and a binary logic of host-recipient), there are more fluid ways in which we need to understand how women engage in fashion in China today.
Digital Work Platforms at the Interface of Labour Law
Authors: Kocher Eva 
Published: February 2022

This book shows how to design labour rights to effectively protect digital platform workers, organise accountability on digital work platforms, and guarantee workers’ collective representation and action. It acknowledges that digital work platforms entail enormous risks for workers, and at the same time it reveals the extent to which labour law is in need of reconstruction.
The book focuses on the conceptual links – often overlooked in the past – between labour law’s categories and its regulatory approaches. By explaining and analysing the wealth of approaches that deconstruct and reconceptualise labour law, the book uncovers the organisational ideas that permeate labour law’s categories as well as its policy approaches in a variety of jurisdictions. These ideas reveal a lack of fit between labour law’s traditional concepts and digital platform work: digital work platforms rarely behave like hierarchical organisations; instead, they more often function as market organisers.
The book provides a fresh perspective for international academic and policy debates on the regulation of digital work platforms, as well as on the purposes and foundations of labour law. It offers a way out of the impasse the debate around labour law classification has reached, by showing what labour law could learn from digital law approaches to platforms – and vice versa.
Kesalahan Berbahasa pada Bahasa Melayu di Thailand dan Solusinya dalam Perspektif Hasil Studi di Indonesia
Authors: Saha Sulaiman , Wuryaningrum Rusdhianti 
Published: February 2022

This study is conducted to answer Language errors in Malay and their solutions. This study deals with difficulties coped by the teachers in planning, conducting and evaluating the learning. Methods of collection data using the interview method. The technique of data analysis is done by using reduction, presentation, conclusion drawing and data verification. The amount research respondents are around 8 people, namely the teachers at Tadika Al-Hidayah Bendang Jerambung, Southern Thailand. Based on the results of the study, it shows that there are still language errors in Malay, such as the use of the word contamination of the Patani area in Malay, the illogical use of sentences, the use of inappropriate punctuation marks, and errors in the use of prepositions. The factors that cause language errors in Malay are the lack of literacy activities, the habit of using everyday language, the lack of seriousness in learning time in class, and the Malay language learning curriculum cannot fulfill. Based on the perspective of learning in Indonesia, the solutions that can be offered are the implementation of the School Literacy Movement, the preparation of good learning plans, and the application of text-based learning.Kata kunci: Language Error, Malay Language, Tadika Teacher
Biogeochemical and biophysical responses to episodes of wildfire smoke from natural ecosystems in southwestern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Lee Sung-Ching , Knox Sara H. , McKendry Ian , Black T. Andrew 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Area burned, number of fires, seasonal fire severity, and fire season length are all expected to increase in Canada, with largely unquantified
ecosystem feedbacks. However, there are few observational studies measuring ecosystem-scale biogeochemical (e.g., carbon dioxide exchanges) and
biophysical (e.g., energy partitioning) properties during smoke episodes and hence assessing responses of gross primary production (GPP) to changes
in incoming diffuse photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). In this study, we leveraged two long-term eddy covariance measurement sites in forest and wetland ecosystems to study four smoke episodes, which happened at different times and differed in length, over 4 different years (2015, 2017, 2018, and 2020). We found that the highest decrease in shortwave irradiance due to smoke was about 50 % in July and August but increased to about 90 % when the smoke arrived in September. When the smoke arrived in the later stage of summer, impacts on sensible and latent heat fluxes were very different than the earlier ones. Smoke generally increased the diffuse fraction (DF) from ∼ 0.30 to ∼ 0.50 and turned both sites into stronger carbon dioxide (CO2) sinks with increased GPP up to ∼ 18 % and ∼ 7 % at the forest and wetland site, respectively. However, when DF exceeded 0.80 as a result of dense smoke, both ecosystems became net CO2 sources as total PAR dropped to low values. The results suggest that this kind of natural experiment is important for validating future predictions of smoke–productivity feedbacks.
Methodological and conceptual challenges in rare and severe event forecast verification
Authors: Ebert Philip A. , Milne Peter 
Published: February 2022

Abstract. There are distinctive methodological and conceptual challenges in rare and severe event (RSE) forecast verification, that is, in the assessment of the quality of forecasts of rare but severe natural hazards such as avalanches, landslides or tornadoes. While some of these challenges have been discussed since the inception of the discipline in the 1880s, there is no consensus about how to assess RSE forecasts. This article offers a comprehensive and critical overview of the many different measures used to capture the quality of categorical, binary RSE forecasts – forecasts of occurrence and non-occurrence – and argues that of skill scores in the literature there is only one adequate for RSE forecasting. We do so by first focusing on the relationship between accuracy and skill and showing why skill is more important than accuracy in the case of RSE forecast verification. We then motivate three adequacy constraints for a measure of skill in RSE forecasting. We argue that of skill scores in the literature only the Peirce skill score meets all three constraints. We then outline how our theoretical investigation has important practical implications for avalanche forecasting, basing our discussion on a study in avalanche forecast verification using the nearest-neighbour method (Heierli et al., 2004). Lastly, we raise what we call the “scope challenge”; this affects all forms of RSE forecasting and highlights how and why working with the right measure of skill is important not only for local binary RSE forecasts but also for the assessment of different diagnostic tests widely used in avalanche risk management and related operations, including the design of methods to assess the quality of regional multi-categorical avalanche forecasts.
Rumex chalepensis (Polygonaceae), a new species for Morocco and Africa
Authors: Verloove Filip , Chambouleyron Mathieu , Léger Jean-François 
Published: February 2022

The Irano-Turanian Rumex chalepensis has been recorded in two localities in Morocco since 2013, apparently for the first time in Africa and rather disjunct from the species’ known distribution range. Populations were found in eastern Morocco: one close to the city of Midelt (High Moulouya valley), in the high plains between the Middle Atlas and High Atlas mountain ranges, whereas the second is located close to the city of Jerada (Lower Moulouya valley / High plateaus), close to the border with Algeria. This species is morphologically similar to R. obtusifolius and might have been overlooked elsewhere in North Africa. The presence of the latter in Morocco, always assumed to be very questionable up to present, is also confirmed here. Distinguishing features for these two species are discussed, some illustrations are also presented and R. chalepensis is lectotypified. It is most likely a naturalized weed in Morocco although it cannot be completely ruled out that it is a previously overlooked native species with two disjunct areas, an Irano-Turanian and North African one.
YESUS: SOSOK GURU AGUNG (KOMPETENSI DAN PROFESIONALITAS DASAR GURU PAK)
Authors: Tindagi Magdalena Grace K 
Published: February 2022

Guru merupakan figur penting dalam menyukseskan kegiatan belajar-mengajar. Kegiatan belajar-mengajar senantiasa mengharapkan guru berkualitas. Guru berkualitas artinya berkaitan dengan iman, spiritualitas, watak, pengetahuan, kemampuan dan keterampilan. Guru Kristen perlu memahami pribadi Yesus sebagai guru yang harus diteladani dalam hidup sehari-hari dan dalam pelaksanaan tugas keguruan. Seorang guru Kristen juga perlu menyadari bahwa peranan Roh Kudus bukan hanya berlangsung dalam rangka pendewasaan iman dan kesadaran akan kesucian hidup, tetapi juga dalam rangka mengemban profesi sehari-hari. Seorang guru, sebagai pengajar iman Kristen, sudah tentu sangat memerlukan ketergantungan terhadap kuasa, urapan dan kehadiran Roh Kudus. Sebab Dia-lah yang sanggup membuka mata hati orang untuk memahami kebenaran (Ef. 3:16,17,18). Guru yang berkualitas harus memahami profesi keguruan. Guru perlu meningkatkan dirinya menjadikan pribadinya sebagai instrumen yang handal di dalam Tuhan. Dalam melakukan kewenangan profesionalnya, seorang guru dituntut memiliki kompetensi yang beraneka ragam. Guru seperti ini harus mempunyai semacam kualifikasi formal. Dengan demikian, guru PAK harus dapat melaksanakan tugas mengajar dan mendidik di bidang PAK dengan berkarakter dan berdisiplin tinggi, mampu menggunakan berbagai wacana dalam rangka mengembangkan visi dan kemampuan mengajar serta dapat mengembangkan keterampilan dengan mengikuti berbagai kegiatan pelatihan, lokakarya maupun seminar. Jadi guru PAK yang profesional tidak hanya terpaku kepada kurikulum yang telah ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah, tetapi harus mampu mengembangkan kurikulum tersebut untuk pertumbuhan iman peserta didik. Pertumbuhan iman harus dimulai dari diri guru. Jati dirinya dalam Kristus harus terbentuk dengan kuat. Guru profesional harus dapat menghayati permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam proses pembelajaran, sehingga termotivasi, kritis dan reflektif untuk memecahkan persoalan pendidikan. Peran guru sebagai sumber belajar merupakan peran yang sangat penting. Peran sebagai sumber belajar berkaitan erat dengan penguasaan materi pelajaran. Secara khusus dalam konteks sekolah, guru wajib memiliki kualifikasi akademik, kompentensi, sertifikasi pendidik, sehat jasmani dan rohani, sehingga profesionalitas guru PAK juga melekat pada dirinya sebagai seorang pendidik, maka termasuk di dalamnya tuntutan kompetensi dan profesional yang sama. Sedangkan salah satu cara efektif untuk menggali serta meningkatkan kemampuan tersebut adalah dengan mengevaluasi diri sendiri, secara khusus bentuk evaluasi pada materi profesionalisme guru PAK itu, mengacu pada sosok Tuhan Yesus sebagai Guru Agung. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hal utama bagi seorang guru PAK adalah mengajarkan Firman Allah agar siswa memiliki pedoman dalam kehidupannya, yang pada akhirnya mereka mengalami suatu perubahan, oleh karena di dalamnya terkandung maksud dari firman Allah yang bermanfaat untuk mengajar, menyatakan kesalahan, memperbaiki kelakuan, dan mendidik orang dalam kebenaran (2 Tim 3:16).
PERANAN KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASI GEMBALA SIDANG BAGI PERTUMBUHAN GEREJA MASA KINI
Authors: Innawati Innawati 
Published: February 2022

Gereja yang sehat adalah gereja yang Gembala Sidangnya (pemimpinnya) sehat jasmani, rohani dan spiritualitasnya. Gembala sidang sebagai seorang pemimpin rohani yang dipanggil Tuhan memiliki kepemimpinan transformasi yang dijiwai semangat kristiani; yang menentukan visi yang dari Allah bagi jemaat dan pertumbuhan gerejanya, yang mengubah pola pikir, sikap, perilaku dan karakter seseorang supaya sesuai dengan karakter Kristus yang bertujuan untuk memiliki nilai lebih bagi dirinya, keluarganya, gerejanya, pelayanannya, organisasinya, pekerjaannya, masyarakatnya dan bangsanya dan yang menentukan pertumbuhan gereja dari segi kuantitas dan kualitas serta kompleksitas organisasi gereja. Peranan gembala sidang transformatif adalah sebagai pemimpin katalisator yang berjiwa hamba yang karismatik dan berintegritas penuh kreativitas dan inovasi yang akan membawa perubahan dan pertumbuhan bagi gerejanya. Peranan gembala sidang transformatif adalah sebagai pelayan bagi jemaat dan gerejanya, ia mempraktikkan kepemimpinan hamba (servant leadership) dari Yesus Kristus. Peranan gembala sidang transformatif adalah sebagai komunikator dan koordinator yang baik; sebagai pemimpin yang memberdayakan jemaat di gerejanya. Gembala sidang yang transformatif adalah seorang mentor dan organisator (manajer) yang baik. Ia melatih, memberdayakan, mengkoordinir dan melibatkan jemaatnya dalam pelayanan dengan bijaksana. Peranan gembala sidang transformatif adalah sebagai pemimpin yang fleksibel, seorang komunikator dan katalisator yang handal. Kemampuan komunikasinya yang baik dan pribadinya yang karismatik, membuat orang lain mudah mengikutinya. Ia bisa bergaul, menjalin hubungan dan berkomunikasi dengan siapa saja. Seorang Gembala Sidang yang transformatif adalah seorang komunikator yang memiliki Identity, Integrity, Intimacy yang jelas tercermin di dalam Character, Competency, Conviction dan Commitment dalam kehidupan pelayanannya. Mengingat hasil kajian terhadap peranan kepemimpinan transformasi gembala sidang berpengaruh besar dan positif terhadap pertumbuhan gereja di masa kini, maka sebagai masukan, dapat disarankan kepada para gembala sidang untuk meningkatkan kepemimpinannya dengan mengimplementasikan prinsip kepemimpinan transformasi dalam perannya sebagai gembala sidang di gerejanya masing-masing. Kiranya kajian ini dapat memberikan wacana baru, membuka paradigma dan memberikan harapan baru terhadap para gembala sidang di dalam melaksanakan tugas penggembalaan yang telah dipercayakan Allah kepada mereka.
SOROTAN ALKITABIAH TERHADAP KONSEP KESELAMATAN MENURUT JOHN HICK
Authors: Hutasoit Dora 
Published: February 2022

Setelah disinggung sekilas-lintas tentang latar belakang Hick, yaitu dari segi biografinya dan revolusi Kopernikusnya yang merupakan titik balik dari paham Ptolomeus; serta setelah menyoroti secara alkitabiah terhadap konsep “keselamatan”nya, maka penulis menyimpulkan sebagai berikut: 1) Hick telah membuang atau meninggalkan landasan yang terpenting dalam Firman Tuhan atau tradisi kekristenan, yaitu dengan menyangkal keabsolutan, keunikan, dan finalitas Kristus. Dengan demikian dia tidak mengakui bahwa keselamatan hanya oleh penebusan Yesus Kristus; 2) Hick telah berusaha dengan kemampuan intelektualnya, melalui revolusi Kopernikusnya, menciptakan suatu teori “keselamatan” yang menurutnya berlaku bagi semua agama; dan 3) Paham/teori keselamatannya Hick tentang transformasi dari self-centeredness kepada reality-centeredness, patut ditolak karena sangat kontradiksi dengan Firman Tuhan (Alkitab).
IMPLIKASIPRAKTIS-RELASIONAL DOKTRIN TRITUNGGAL: REFLEKSI INJILI
Authors: Uling Manintiro 
Published: February 2022

Orang Kristen ada dan hadir di tengah-tengah dunia yang plural. Sebab, pluralitas itu niscaya dalam hidup manusia. Realitas kemajemukan tidak bisa dihindari dan ditolak, sehingga berbeda itulah hidup, menerima perbedaan itulah indahnya hidup. Hidup bersama, meskipun berbeda dalam banyak hal, saling menerima satu dengan yang lain, demikianlah semestinya hidup dijalani. Akan menjadi Ironis, jika gaya hidup yang eksklusif, tertutup, dan isolatif, bahkan separatis yang ditampilkan.
Namun faktanya, fenomena hidup yang eksklusif, tertutup dan cenderung hanya mau berbaur dengan yang sefaham, segolongan, dan sekeyakinan saja menjadi ciri khas sekelompok orang yang ekstrem atau singkatnya yang biasa disebut dengan gerakan radikalisme dan fundamentalisme.
Assessing the Effect of Endogenous Culture, Local Resources, Eco-Friendly Environment and Modern Strategy Development on Entrepreneurial Development
Authors: Gobena Abdulakim Erbo , Kant Shashi 
Published: February 2022

Entrepreneurship is currently a global concern as its great contribution and key solutions to the economy by providing more job opportunity, income generation area, the basis for technology transfer and development and non-economic with regard to sustaining political and social activities, increasing intention of equal resource sharing and active participation in economic development is gradually increasing. This significant contribution became challenged with many key determinant factors such as indigenous culture, local resources, eco-friendly environment and modern development strategies directly or indirectly with the power of influencing entrepreneurship development. This paper aims to assess the effect of indigenous culture, local resources, eco-friendly environment and modern development strategies on entrepreneurial development. As the nature of this study is exploratory, extensive review of literature through systematic, clear, and reproducible design for detecting, evaluating, and inferring the existing body of recorded 106 documents from published and unpublished journal articles, international reports and books related to issues was used as a secondary data source. The study pointed out that indigenous culture like indigenous leadership culture, indigenous team working and indigenous skills have a significant effect on entrepreneurial development; local resources such as infrastructure, local human capital and finance limitation, environmental marketing, innovation and distinctive competitive advantage have a significant impact on entrepreneurial development. The study implicates a distinctive gap between eco-friendly environmental theory and the practical application of green products for entrepreneurial development. Further empirical research will be needed for future studies. Finally, the study forwards future concern areas and recommends the value of this work with its limitations.
The Influence of Students’ Reading Interest on Writing Ability in Learning Indonesian
Authors: Anjani Sela Dwi , Sukarno Sukarno , Andra Vebbi 
Published: February 2022

The problems discussed in this study aim to determine whether there is an effect of reading interest in science majors on writing skills in learning Indonesian at SMA Negeri 5 Lebong. The approach in this research is quantitative and the type of research used is regressional. The population of this study were students majoring in science at SMA Negeri 5 Lebong and the sample of this study amounted to 65 students. The variables in this study consisted of the independent variable, namely reading interest and the dependent variable, namely the ability to write. The data collection technique was carried out by distributing a questionnaire (questionnaire) for the variable X and a poetry writing test for the Y variable. For testing the validity and reliability of this study using the SPSS version 20 program. Based on the results of data analysis, the t- count value obtained is 5.519 and the t- table is 1.998 , then the t- count value is 5.519 > from t- table 1.998, so it can be concluded that H o rejected and H a acceptability which means "There is the influence of interest in reading (X) on the ability to write (Y) in the Indonesian language learning in SMAN 5 Lebong".