bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight Into Granular Flow Dynamics Relying on Basal Stress Measurements: From Experimental Flume Tests
Authors: Li Kun , Wang Yufeng , Cheng Qiangong , Lin Qiwen , Wu Yue , Long Yanmei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKnowledge on the interactions between granular flows and their boundaries is essential for understanding granular flow dynamics. In this study, a series of experiments designed with different conditions were conducted using a flume configuration to investigate the granular flow behaviors and dynamics by particle image velocimetry analysis and basal normal stress measurements. The results demonstrate that the velocity profiles and depth‐averaged shear rates of the granular flows significantly vary with grain size, but display insignificant changes with flow volume. For granular flows with higher content of coarse particles, high magnitude fluctuating stresses with values much greater than the mean normal stress are observed. The particle agitation of the granular flow, which is quantified by the normalized standard deviation of the fluctuating stress from the mean normal stress, exhibits a positive correlation and a negative correlation with the solid inertial stress and the equivalent friction coefficient, respectively. This indicates that the enhanced particle agitation related to the high magnitude fluctuating stress should contribute to the mobility of the granular flows. The generation of the high magnitude fluctuating stress is attributed to the high‐frequency and intensive particle collisions in grain‐scale, which is mainly determined by grain size. In this study, the increase of flow volume mostly resulted in an increase in the fluctuating stress related to the mean normal stress, which exhibits a minor effect on particle agitation and has no contribution toward the mobility of the granular flows.
Probing the Southern African Lithosphere With Magnetotellurics: 2. Linking Electrical Conductivity, Composition, and Tectonomagmatic Evolution
Authors: Özaydın Sinan , Selway Kate , Griffin William L. , Moorkamp Max 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe tectonic history of southern Africa includes Archean craton formation, multiple episodes of subduction and rifting and some of the world's most significant magmatic events. These processes left behind a compositional trail that can be observed in xenoliths and measured by geophysical methods. The abundance of kimberlites in southern Africa makes it an ideal place to test and calibrate mantle geophysical interpretations that can then be applied to less well‐constrained regions. Magnetotellurics (MT) is a particularly useful tool for understanding tectonic history because electrical conductivity is sensitive to temperature, bulk composition, accessory minerals, and rock fabric. We produced three‐dimensional MT models of the southern African mantle taken from the SAMTEX MT data set, mapped the properties of ∼36,000 garnet xenocrysts from Group I kimberlites, and compared the results. We found that depleted regions of the mantle are uniformly associated with high electrical resistivities. The conductivity of fertile regions is more complex and depends on the specific tectonic and metasomatic history of the region, including the compositions of metasomatic fluids or melts and the emplacement of metasomatic minerals. The mantle beneath the ∼2.05 Ga Bushveld Complex is highly conductive, probably caused by magmas flowing along a lithospheric weakness zone and precipitating interconnected, conductive accessory minerals such as graphite and sulfides. Kimberlites tend to be emplaced near the edges of the cratons where the mantle below 100 km depth is not highly resistive. Kimberlites avoid strong mantle conductors, suggesting a systematic relationship between their emplacement and mantle composition.
Coseismic Gravity Gradient Changes in a Spherical Symmetric Earth Model: Application to the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake
Authors: Ji Yuting , Tang He , Sun Wenke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, a new approach for the computation of coseismic gravity gradient changes in a spherically symmetric Earth model is presented. We derived the mathematical expressions of gravity gradient changes based on the Green's functions for four independent seismic sources. The results obtained from numerical computations and those calculated using the flat‐Earth model are in good agreement within a near field, verifying that our computing scheme is valid, while the differences in the far field show the advantages of the spherical model. Furthermore, the proposed method was applied to analyze the coseismic gravity gradient changes caused by the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake. The theoretical gravity gradient changes agree well with the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment observations, indicating that the proposed dislocation theory is important and can be used to efficiently interpret seismic deformations. In addition, the contribution of seawater was discussed.
Acoustothermoelasticity for Joint Effects of Stress and Thermal Fields on Wave Dispersion and Attenuation
Authors: Chen Fubin , Zong Zhaoyun , Yin Xingyao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe stress field and thermal field are usually coupled in the Earth's subsurface. The mechanism of the joint effects of stress and thermal fields on wave propagation in rocks is not well understood. To fill this gap, this paper combines the acoustoelasticity theory with heat conduction theory to propose an acoustothermoelasticity mechanism to describe the joint effects of stress and thermal fields. The stress‐ and thermal‐dependent wave velocities and attenuation factors are formulated with 2‐D Fourier transform analysis for dynamic equations, which predict four wave modes of propagation including two longitudinal waves, namely, P wave and T (thermal) wave, and two shear waves, namely, fast S wave and second S wave. The stress‐induced anisotropy accounts for the S‐wave splitting phenomenon and T wave presents the thermal diffusive behavior, which depend on the magnitude and direction of stress and thermoelastic parameters. Stress and thermal effects on the wave velocity dispersion and attenuation are fully analyzed. Modeling results show that T wave is coupled with the P wave and fast S wave rather than the second S wave inducing the dissipation energy in the pre‐stressed thermoelastic rocks. The predicted wave velocities show reasonable agreement with ultrasonic laboratory measurements under uniaxial and triaxial stresses. Our model and results help to better understand mechanical properties and wave propagation in pre‐stressed thermoelastic rocks.
Soil Moisture Conditions Determine Land‐Atmosphere Coupling and Drought Risk in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Alessi Marc J. , Herrera Dimitris A. , Evans Colin P. , DeGaetano Arthur T. , Ault Toby R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStrengthened land‐atmosphere coupling in the northeastern United States (NEUS), accompanied by a positive soil moisture‐rainfall feedback, may lead to more drought. Coupling between the land and atmosphere emerges when low soil moisture values limit surface latent heat flux, or evapotranspiration, so that a majority of absorbed solar radiation is emitted from the surface as sensible heat. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model was run with four prescribed soil moisture levels across 7 years to elucidate the strength of land‐atmosphere coupling under potential, future soil moisture states in the NEUS. Under drier conditions, land‐atmosphere coupling strengthens, and a positive soil moisture‐precipitation feedback develops in all years despite differences in the amount of moisture advected into the study domain. As snowpack decreases and evaporative demand increases, soil conditions may become drier in future summers over the NEUS, resulting in the more frequent development of drought.
Impacts of a Tripolar Sea Surface Temperature Pattern Over Tropical‐North Pacific on Interannual Variations of Spring Extreme Consecutive Dry Days Over Southern China
Authors: Zeng Zixuan , Sun Jianqi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is well known that the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a profound impact on climate over southern China (SC). This study indicates that independent from the ENSO variability, a meridional tripolar sea surface temperature (SST) pattern over tropical‐North Pacific in February has a close relationship with interannual variations in the frequency of spring extreme consecutive dry days (extreme‐CDDs) over SC. Further analyses suggest that the tripolar SST pattern has a good persistence from February to the following spring and could influence the variations of SC extreme‐CDDs through two ways. On one hand, the extratropical SST anomalies of the tripolar pattern can cause the meridional shift of the North Pacific subarctic oceanic front, resulting in a meridional dipole atmospheric pattern over the region from the North Pacific to East Asia through eddy‐mean flow interaction. The meridional atmospheric pattern can influence the East Asian upper‐level jet and western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), leading to anomalous vertical motion and moisture transport over SC. On the other hand, the SST anomalies of the tripolar pattern over the tropical western Pacific can excite an overturning circulation and influence the WPSH through the Matsuno‐Gill response, also contributing to anomalous vertical motion and moisture transport over SC. These physical processes are further confirmed by numerical simulations. Therefore, through the aforementioned two physical ways, the February tripolar SST pattern can influence the moisture and dynamical conditions associated with the occurrence of extreme‐CDDs, consequently providing a factor and predictor for the variations of SC spring extreme‐CDDs.
Stratigraphic and Isotopic Evolution of the Martian Polar Caps From Paleo‐Climate Models
Authors: Vos E. , Aharonson O. , Schörghofer N. , Forget F. , Millour E. , Rossi L. , Vals M. , Montmessin F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExposed scarps images and ice‐penetrating radar measurements in the North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD) of Mars show alternating layers that provide an archive of past climate oscillations, that are thought to be linked to orbital variations, akin to Milankovitch cycles on Earth. We use the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Martian Global Climate Model to study paleoclimate states to enable a better interpretation of the NPLD physical and chemical stratigraphy. When a tropical ice reservoir is present, water vapor transport from the tropics to the poles at low obliquity is modulated by the intensity of summer. At times of low and relatively constant obliquity, the flux still varies due to other orbital elements, promoting polar layer formation. Ice migrates from the tropics toward the poles in two stages. First, when surface ice is present in the tropics, and second, when the equatorial deposit is exhausted, from ice that was previously deposited in mid‐high latitudes. The polar accumulation rate is significantly higher when tropical ice is available, forming thicker layers per orbital cycle. However, the majority of the NPLD is sourced from ice that temporary resided in the mid‐high latitudes and the layers become thinner as the source location moves poleward. The migration stages imprint different D/H ratios in different sections in the PLDs. The NPLD is isotopically depleted compared to the South Polar Layered Deposits in all simulations. Thus we predict the D/H ratio of the atmosphere in contact with NPLD upper layers is biased relative to the average global ice reservoirs.
A GCM Study on the 4‐Day and 5‐Day Waves in the Venus Atmosphere
Authors: Takagi Masahiro , Ando Hiroki , Sugimoto Norihiko , Matsuda Yoshihisa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe 4‐day and 5‐day waves observed at the cloud top in the Venus atmosphere are expected to play important roles in the maintenance of the general circulation. However, they have not been reproduced in Venus general circulation models (GCMs) so far, and their structures and excitation mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using an improved Venus GCM, we succeeded in reproducing the planetary‐scale 3.3‐day and 5.8‐day waves, which are considered to correspond to the 4‐day and 5‐day waves, respectively. We also obtained the 4.8‐day wave, whose structure is similar to that of the 5.8‐day wave. The three‐dimensional structures of these waves consist of a Kelvin wave in low latitudes and one or two Rossby waves in mid‐ and high latitudes that are connected at the critical latitudes. This fact indicates that they are excited by the Rossby‐Kelvin instability. The Kelvin mode of the 3.3‐day wave could be observed at the cloud top, while those of the 5.8‐day and 4.8‐day waves cannot be observed due to the critical levels. The mid‐latitude Rossby mode of the 5.8‐day wave is dominated by mid‐latitude vortices symmetric about the equator at the cloud top; this result is quite consistent with the observations. The equatorward angular momentum flux induced by these waves could contribute to the Venus superrotation. The Rossby modes of the 5.8‐day and 4.8‐day waves have baroclinic structures in the cloud layer inducing significant poleward heat flux. The planetary‐scale structures symmetric about the equator observed in the Venus atmosphere could be explained by these waves.
Identification of Acoustic Wave Signatures in the Ionosphere From Conventional Surface Explosions Using MF/HF Doppler Sounding
Authors: Obenberger K. S. , Bowman D. C. , Dao E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present an experiment to detect one ton TNT‐equivalent chemical explosions using pulsed Doppler radar observations of isodensity layers in the ionospheric E region during two campaigns. The first campaign, conducted on 15 October 2019, produced potential detections of all three shots. The detections closely resemble the temporal and spectral properties predicted using the InfraGA ray tracing and weakly nonlinear waveform propagation model. Here the model predicts that within 6.5–7.25 min of each shot a waveform peaking between 0.9 and 0.4 Hz will impact the ionosphere at 100 km. As the waves pass through this region, they will imprint their signal on an isodensity layer, which is detectable using a Doppler radar operating at the plasma frequency of the isodensity. Within the time windows of each of the three shots in the first campaign, we detect enhanced wave activity peaking near 0.5 Hz. These waves were imprinted on the Doppler signal probing an isodensity layer at 2.785 MHz near 100 km altitude. Despite these detections, the method appears to be unreliable as none of the six shots from the second campaign, conducted on 10 July 2020 were detected. The observations from this campaign were characterized by an increased acoustic noise environment in the microbarom band and persistent scintillation on the radar returns. These effects obscured any detectable signal from these shots and the baseline noise was well above the detection levels of the first campaign.
A questionnaire-based study of Paediatric Dentists’ knowledge of teething signs, symptoms and management
Authors: Reeve-Brook Lauren , Bhatia Shannu , Al-Yaseen Waraf , Innes Nicola , Monaghan Nigel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Signs and symptoms attributed to erupting primary teeth are commonly known as “teething”. Its existence is controversial with concern that overusing this term might mask other illnesses and some treatments may be unnecessary or harmful. Parents/carers can access over-the-counter remedies and may seek professional advice. This survey-based investigation explored gaps in knowledge, training, perceptions and experiences of UK Paediatric Dentists (PDs) regarding teething in young children.

Method
Cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of PDs with different training levels, accessed through the British Society for Paediatric Dentistry membership lists. A 10-item questionnaire explored participants’ knowledge of teething-related issues and management. Responses are presented using descriptive statistics.

Results
Of 80 responding PDs (response rate 27%), 62–74% suggested drooling, irritability, oral fixation and flushed cheeks were attributed to primary tooth eruption. Fifty-eight (72%) participants were unaware of guidelines, yet 53 (66%) felt guidance was needed.

Conclusion
Signs and symptoms of teething might mask underlying conditions so it should be a diagnosis of exclusion. PDs attributed similar signs and symptoms to teething, as have been reported in the literature, although some commented that they did not think teething was a condition. There was a lack of awareness over guidelines.
YTHDF1 promotes breast cancer cell growth, DNA damage repair and chemoresistance
Authors: Sun Yu , Dong Dan , Xia Yuhong , Hao Liying , Wang Wei , Zhao Chenghai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractChemoresistance represents a major obstacle to the treatment of human cancers. Increased DNA repair capacity is one of the important mechanisms underlying chemoresistance. In silico analysis indicated that YTHDF1, an m6A binding protein, is a putative tumor promoter in breast cancer. Loss of function studies further showed that YTHDF1 promotes breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. YTHDF1 facilitates S-phase entry, DNA replication and DNA damage repair, and accordingly YTHDF1 knockdown sensitizes breast cancer cells to Adriamycin and Cisplatin as well as Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor. E2F8 is a target molecule by YTHDF1 which modulates E2F8 mRNA stability and DNA damage repair in a METTL14-dependent manner. These data demonstrate that YTHDF1 has a tumor-promoting role in breast cancer, and is a novel target to overcome chemoresistance.
Clock-modified mesenchymal stromal cells therapy rescues molecular circadian oscillation and age-related bone loss via miR142-3p/Bmal1/YAP signaling axis
Authors: Cha Sa , Wang Jiangyue , Lee Sueng Min , Tan Zhen , Zhao Qing , Bai Ding 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAge-related bone loss and disease strongly affect the quality of life of the elderly population. Cellular circadian rhythms have been reported to regulate bone aging, and micro RNAs (miRNAs) play crucial posttranscriptional regulatory roles in the peripheral clock network. Proliferation capability, osteogenic lineage commitment, senescence-associated secreted phenotype (SASP) and circadian oscillation of clock genes under osteogenic condition were assessed in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) from young adult and aged adult mice. miRNAs targeting the core clock gene brain and muscle arntl-like protein 1 (Bmal1) were screened and verified in young and old BMSCs with RT-qPCR and Western Blot analysis. ChIP-seq and RNA-seq datasets were mined to define the downstream mechanism and gain- and loss-of-function genetic experiments were performed to confirm the hypothesis. To compare the therapeutic effect of these clock-engineered BMSCs, SASP and osteogenic capability of Bmal1-overexpressing and miR-142-3p-inhibited BMSCs were investigated in vitro and transplanted into bone defects and femur cavities of aged mice. Aged BMSCs displayed an abolished circadian rhythm, impaired self-renewal capability and decreased osteoblast differentiation. miR-142-3p was elevated with aging, which downregulated Bmal1 and diminished the osteogenic potential of BMSCs. In addition, Bmal1 inhibited YAP expression to promote BMSCs osteogenesis, which was independent from the activation of Hippo signaling pathway. Overexpression of Bmal1 or inhibition of miR-142-3p rescued the molecular temporal rhythm and osteoblast differentiation ex vivo. Cell-based circadian therapy showed improved bone formation and higher turnover levels in vivo. This study demonstrates that transcriptional and post-transcriptional level clock-modified BMSCs rescued circadian oscillation and age-related bone loss via miR-142-3p/Bmal1/YAP signaling axis. These data provide promising clinical prospects of circadian-mediated stromal cell-based therapy and bone tissue regeneration.
Short-term safety and efficacy of Preserflo™ Microshunt in glaucoma patients: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bhayani Raj , Martínez de la Casa Jose Maria , Figus Michele , Klabe Karsten , Rabiolo Alessandro , Mercieca Karl 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background/aims
To evaluate 1-year success rates and safety profile of Preserflo™ Microshunt in glaucoma patients.

Methods
Retrospective multicentre cohort study of 100 consecutive eyes (91 patients) from four tertiary-referral glaucoma centres. Four intraocular pressure (IOP) criteria were defined: A: IOP ≤ 21 mmHg+IOP reduction ≥20% from baseline; B: IOP ≤ 18 mmHg+IOP reduction ≥20%; C: IOP ≤ 15 mmHg+IOP reduction ≥25%; D: IOP≤12 mmHg+IOP reduction ≥30%. Success was defined as qualified or complete based on whether reached with or without medication. Primary outcome was success according to the above criteria. Secondary outcomes included: IOP, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), medication use, complications, postoperative interventions, and failure-associated factors.

Results
Qualified and complete success rates (95% CI) at 12 months were 74%(66–83%) and 58%(49–69%) for criterion A, 72%(63–82%) and 57%(48–68%) for B, 52%(43–63%) and 47%(38–58%) for C, 29%(21–40%) and 26%(19–36%) for D. Overall median (interquartile range (IQR)) preoperative IOP decreased from 21.5(19–28) mmHg to 13(11–16) mmHg at 12 months. BCVA was not significantly different up to 12 months (p = 0.79). Preoperative median (IQR) number of medications decreased from 3 (2–3) to 0 (0–1) at 12 months. Twelve eyes underwent needling, five surgical revision and one device removal due to corneal oedema. There were no hypotony-related complications. Non-Caucasian ethnicity was the only risk factor consistently associated with increased failure.

Conclusions
Preserflo™ Microshunt is a viable surgical option in glaucoma patients, with reasonable short-term success rates, decreased medications use, excellent safety profile, smooth postoperative care, and rapid learning curve. Success rates for the most stringent IOP cutoffs were modest, indicating that it may not be the optimal surgery when very low target IOP is required.
Oxytocin receptors influence the development and maintenance of social behavior in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Gemmer Anja , Mirkes Kristina , Anneser Lukas , Eilers Tim , Kibat Caroline , Mathuru Ajay , Ryu Soojin , Schuman Erin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractZebrafish are highly social teleost fish and an excellent model to study social behavior. The neuropeptide Oxytocin is associated different social behaviors as well as disorders resulting in social impairment like autism spectrum disorder. However, how Oxytocin receptor signaling affects the development and expression kinetics of social behavior is not known. In this study we investigated the role of the two oxytocin receptors, Oxtr and Oxtrl, in the development and maintenance of social preference and shoaling behavior in 2- to 8-week-old zebrafish. Using CRISPR/Cas9 mediated oxtr and oxtrl knock-out fish, we found that the development of social preference is accelerated if one of the Oxytocin receptors is knocked-out and that the knock-out fish reach significantly higher levels of social preference. Moreover, oxtr−/− fish showed impairments in the maintenance of social preference. Social isolation prior to testing led to impaired maintenance of social preference in both wild-type and oxtr and oxtrl knock-out fish. Knocking-out either of the Oxytocin receptors also led to increased group spacing and reduced polarization in a 20-fish shoal at 8 weeks post fertilization, but not at 4. These results show that the development and maintenance of social behavior is influenced by the Oxytocin receptors and that the effects are not just pro- or antisocial, but dependent on both the age and social context of the fish.