bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geodynamic Formation Conditions and Age of Granitoids from Small Intrusions in the West of the Yana–Kolyma Gold Belt (Northeast Asia)
Authors: Fridovsky V.Yu. , Vernikovskaya A.E. , Yakovleva K.Yu. , Rodionov N.V. , Travin A.V. , Matushkin N.Yu. , Kadilnikov P.I. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We report results of geological, mineralogical-petrographic, geochemical, isotope-geochemical (Sm–Nd, Rb–Sr), and geochronological (U–Pb, 40Ar/39Ar) studies of acid and intermediate intrusive rocks (granodiorites, leucocratic granites, subalkaline granites, and subalkaline leucocratic granites, diorites, and quartz diorites) of the Bukeschen and Samyr small plutons in the western part of the Yana–Kolyma gold belt (northeast Asia). These rocks are combined with Late Jurassic (151–145 Ma) dikes of basic, intermediate, and acid compositions into a single complex of small intrusions. They intrude the Upper Triassic–Middle Jurassic terrigenous deposits of continental margin blocks in the eastern part of the Verkhoyansk–Kolyma folded area. Our new U–Pb data for zircon (SHRIMP-II) indicate that the Bukeschen and Samyr pluton granitoids formed in the Berriasian, at 144.5 and 143 Ma, respectively. The small-intrusion granitoids have geochemical and isotope (Sm–Nd and Rb–Sr) characteristics similar to those of Late Jurassic dikes of varying composition. Therefore, they can be united into a single complex of small intrusions generated from a mixed source with the participation of mantle (OIB- and E-MORB type), lower crust, and subduction components and with Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic Sm–Nd model age estimates for the magma sources. Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous magmatic and postmagmatic events and cooling of the intrusions played an important role in the processes of gold localization in the western part of the Yana–Kolyma gold belt. This is reflected in two tectonothermal stages (accounting for closing temperatures of the U–Pb, 40Ar/39Ar, and Re–Os isotope systems for different minerals) estimated at 151–141 and 138–137 Ma. These results for the small-intrusion complex agree with the tectonic model of the evolution of an active continental margin (northeastern Siberia) in the Mesozoic era, whose final development stage in the Berriasian age saw the formation of mostly small granitoid plutons.
The transition dynamics and force constants of energy bearing warped space mediator structures
Authors: Koehler Dale. R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter can describe conventional force-constants and transition-mediator structures. We use the verbiage “distorted” to communicate the concept of “energetic warping” to distinguish “spatial warping” from “classical matter warping”, although the concept of “matter” is in fact, in the present context, the “geometric distortion energy” of the spatial manifold itself without a classical “matter stressenergy source”. The “distorted-geometry” structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r -4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Near the core of the distortion the magnetic fields dominate the energy-densities of the structures thereby departing from classical particle-structure descriptions. Black-body radiation-emission and structural modeling lead to a description of transition dynamics and photonic entities.
The transition dynamics and force constants of energy-bearing warped-space mediator structures
Authors: Koehler Dale. R. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter can describe conventional force-constants and transition-mediator structures. We use the verbiage “distorted” to communicate the concept of “energetic warping” to distinguish “spatial warping” from “classical matter warping”, although the concept of “matter” is in fact, in the present context, the “geometric distortion energy” of the spatial manifold itself without a classical “matter stress-energy source”. The “distorted-geometry” structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r-4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Near the core of the distortion the magnetic fields dominate the energy-densities of the structures thereby departing from classical particle-structure descriptions. Black-body and gray-body radiation-emission and structural modeling lead to a description of transition dynamics and photonic entities.
One-year outcomes of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in young patients
Authors: Tseng Andrew S. , Patel Harsh P. , Kumar Ashish , Jani Chinmay , Patel Kirtenkumar , Jaswaney Rahul , Thakkar Samarthkumar , Kowlgi Narayan G. , Dani Sourbha S. , Arora Shilpkumar , Mulpuru Siva K. , Madhavan Malini , Killu Ammar M. , Cha Yongmei , DeSimone Christopher V. , Deshmukh Abhishek 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is relatively less frequent in younger patients (age<50). Recently, studies have suggested that early restoration of sinus rhythm may lead to improved outcomes compared with rate control. Methods: We included all hospitalized patients between 18 and 50 years with a diagnosis of AF from the Nationwide Readmission Database 2016-2017 from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Demographic and comorbidity data were collected and analyzed. Outcomes assessed included one-year AF readmission rates, all-cause readmission, ischemic stroke, and all-cause mortality. Subgroup analyses were performed for all demographic and comorbidity variables.Results: Overall, 52,598 patients (medium age 44, interquartile range 38-48, female 25.7%) were included in the study, including 2,146 (4.0%) who underwent catheter ablation for AF. Patients who underwent catheter ablation had a significantly lower rate of readmission for AF or any cause at one year (adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43-0.63] and HR of 0.81 [95% CI: 0.72 - 0.89], respectively). There was no difference in 1-year readmission for stroke or all-cause mortality between the two groups. Subgroup analyses showed a consistent reduction in the risk of AF readmission among major demographic and comorbidity subgroups.Conclusion: Catheter ablation in young patients with AF was associated with a reduction in 1-year AF related and all-cause readmissions. These data merit further prospective investigation for validation.
New Formulas for the Trigonometry of Isosceles Triangles
Authors: King Noah 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses a new formula to solve for the angle of isosceles triangles given proportion of differentiated unequivalent edge length versus the always-equivalent edges. The equation is equal to the arcsine of (X/2) multiplied by two. This formula is to be called ‘isn^-1(x)’, short for inverse isosceles sine equivalent. Also discussed is the non-inverse ‘isn(x)’ which is the cyclic function which is determined to correspond as the equivalent of the classic sine formula to isosceles triangles. The formula set is clearly superior and powerful at calculating the angle and measure of any given obtuse or acute triangle of an unclassified type, as well as unifying a simplest-fit formula across all types of triangle. Also discussed are two transform approximation formulas, which help to analyze graphs and samples. Finally, other methods your author has obtained to calculate angles are discussed and disproven in their effectiveness against this article’s formulas at focus, as with any other known angle formulas.
The SCRIPT Trial: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a polygenic risk score to tailor colorectal cancer screening in primary care
Authors: Saya Sibel , Boyd Lucy , Chondros Patty , McNamara Mairead , King Michelle , Milton Shakira , Lourenco Richard De Abreu , Clark Malcolm , Fishman George , Marker Julie , Ostroff Cheri , Allman Richard , Walter Fiona M. , Buchanan Daniel , Winship Ingrid , McIntosh Jennifer , Macrae Finlay , Jenkins Mark , Emery Jon 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) can predict risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and target screening more precisely than current guidelines using age and family history alone. Primary care, as a far-reaching point of healthcare and routine provider of cancer screening and risk information, may be an ideal location for their widespread implementation.Methods: This trial aims to determine whether the SCRIPT intervention results in more risk-appropriate CRC screening after 12 months in individuals attending general practice, compared with standard cancer risk reduction information. The SCRIPT intervention consists of a CRC PRS, tailored risk-specific screening recommendations and a risk report for participants and their GP, delivered in general practice. Patients aged between 45 and 70 inclusive, attending their GP, will be approached for participation. For those over 50, only those overdue for CRC screening will be eligible to participate. Two hundred and seventy-four participants will be randomised to the intervention or control arms, stratified by general practice, using a computer-generated allocation sequence. The primary outcome is risk-appropriate CRC screening after 12 months. For those in the intervention arm, risk-appropriate screening is defined using PRS-derived risk; for those in the control arm, it is defined using family history and national screening guidelines. Timing, type and results of previous screening are considered in both arms. Objective health service data will capture screening behaviour. Secondary outcomes include cancer-specific worry, risk perception, predictors of CRC screening behaviour, screening intentions and health service use at 1-, 6- and 12-months post intervention delivery.Discussion: This trial aims to determine whether a PRS-derived personalised CRC risk estimate delivered in primary care increases risk-appropriate CRC screening. A future population risk-stratified CRC screening program could incorporate risk assessment within primary care, while encouraging adherence to targeted screening recommendations.Trial registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12621000092897p. Registered on 1 February 2021, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12621000092897
Selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 modulator attenuates blood–brain barrier disruption following traumatic brain injury by inhibiting vesicular transcytosis
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wang Lin , Pan Qiuling , Yang Xiaomin , Cao Yunchuan , Yan Jin , Wang Yingwen , Tao Yihao , Fan Runjin , Sun Xiaochuan , Li Lin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) provokes secondary pathological damage, such as damage to the blood–brain barrier (BBB), ischaemia and inflammation. Major facilitator superfamily domain-containing 2a (Mfsd2a) has been demonstrated to be critical in limiting the increase in BBB vesicle transcytosis following brain injury. Recent studies suggest that a novel and selective modulator of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1), CYM-5442, maintains the integrity of the BBB by restricting vesicle transcytosis during acute ischaemic stroke. In the current study, we investigated whether CYM-5442, evaluated in a short-term study, could protect the brains of mice with acute-stage TBI by reversing the increase in vesicle transport due to reduced mfsd2a expression after TBI.MethodsWe used the well-characterized model of TBI caused by controlled cortical impact. CYM-5442 (0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 30 min after surgery for 7 consecutive days. To investigate the effect of CYM-5442 on vesicle transcytosis, we downregulated and upregulated Mfsd2a expression using a specific AAV prior to evaluation of the TBI model. MRI scanning, cerebral blood flow, circulating blood counts, ELISA, TEM, WB, and immunostaining evaluations were performed after brain injury.ResultsCYM-5442 significantly attenuated neurological deficits and reduced brain oedema in TBI mice. CYM-5442 transiently suppressed lymphocyte trafficking but did not induce persistent lymphocytopenia. After TBI, the levels of Mfsd2a were decreased significantly, while the levels of CAV-1 and albumin were increased. In addition, Mfsd2a deficiency caused inadequate sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transport in the brain parenchyma, and the regulation of BBB permeability by Mfsd2a after TBI was shown to be related to changes in vesicle transcytosis. Downregulation of Mfsd2a in mice markedly increased the BBB permeability, neurological deficit scores, and brain water contents after TBI. Intervention with CYM-5442 after TBI protected the BBB by significantly reducing the vesicle transcytosis of cerebrovascular endothelial cells.ConclusionIn addition to transiently suppressing lymphocytes, CYM-5442 alleviated the neurological deficits, cerebral edema and protective blood–brain barrier permeability in TBI mice by reducing the vesicle transcytosis of cerebrovascular endothelial cells.
COI is not always right: integrative taxonomy reveals striking overestimation of species diversity in a Mediterranean freshwater amphipod
Authors: Hupalo Kamil , Copilaș-Ciocianu Denis , Leese Florian , Weiss Martina 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe emergence of DNA taxonomy sparked a paradigm shift in biodiversity assessments and revealed the existence of many morphologically cryptic species in all ecosystems worldwide. For animals, DNA-based assessments of species diversity usually rely on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. However, an increasing number of studies report patterns of mito-nuclear discordance originating for example from shared ancestral polymorphisms or introgression, leading to an over- or underestimation of true species diversity. Therefore, reports of mitochondrial lineages should be verified by other methods. Freshwater amphipods are ideal model organisms since putative cryptic species have been reported in many of the nominal taxa. In this study, we investigated the species status of the numerous mitochondrial molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) found within the Mediterranean freshwater amphipod Echinogammarus sicilianus on Sicily. For validation, we used an integrative taxonomic approach combining DNA barcoding with behavioural data, detailed morphometrics and genome-wide double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). Results Within a relatively small sampling area (approx. 200 km2), we detected 12 divergent COI MOTUs, with genetic distances ranging from 1.8% to 20.3% and a mean distance of 11%. At 17 of the 25 sampling sites up to six MOTUs occurred in syntopy. The four most common MOTUs were analysed with high resolution morphometric data (49 measurements per specimen), but we found no clear evidence of morphological differentiation among them. We also observed a high level of MOTU intermixing (38%) in precopulatory pairs. Similarly, ten of the mitochondrial MOTUs were not supported by the genome-wide ddRAD-seq data. However, for the two remaining mitochondrial MOTUs found at sites outside of the main river stretch, ddRAD-seq and COI data were congruent, indicating that those MOTUs might indeed represent cryptic species. Conclusions Our study on the amphipod E. sicilianus reveals another prominent example of mito-nuclear discordance indicating that species delimitation based solely on mitochondrial markers can significantly overestimate species diversity. The study highlights that integrative taxonomy approaches are important for validating species status, especially in hyperdiverse species complexes, where many mitochondrial MOTUs occur in close proximity or even syntopy.
Myometrial Oxidative Stress Drives MED12 Mutations for Leiomyoma development
Authors: Li Yinuo , Xu Xiuhua , Asif Huma , Feng Yue , Kohrn Brendan F. , Kennedy Scott R. , Kim J Julie , Wei Jian-Jun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
More than 70% of leiomyomas (LM) harbor MED12 mutations, primarily in exon 2 at c.130–131(GG). The cause of MED12 mutations in myometrial cells remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that increased ROS promotes MED12 mutations in myometrial cells through the oxidation of guanine nucleotides followed by misrepair.
Methods
Genomic oxidative burden (8-OHdG) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by immunohistochemistry. MED12 mutations were examined by Sanger sequencing and deep sequencing. Transcriptome examined by RNA-seq was performed in myometrium with and without LM, in primary myometrial cells treated with ROS. 8-OHdG mediated misrepair was analyzed by CRISPR/Cas9.
Results
Uteri with high LM burden had a significantly higher rate of MED12 mutations than uteri with low LM burden. Compelling data suggest that the uterus normally produces reactive oxidative species (ROS) in response to stress, and ROS levels in LM are elevated due to metabolic defects. We demonstrated that genomic oxidized guanine (8-OHdG) was found at a significantly higher level in the myometrium of uteri that had multiple LM compared to myometrium without LM. Transcriptome and pathway analyses detected ROS stress in myometrium with LM. Targeted replacement of guanine with 8-OHdG at MED12 c.130 by CRISPR/Cas9 significantly increased the misrepair of G > T. Exposure of primary myometrial cells to oxidative stress in vitro increased misrepair/mutations as detected by duplex sequencing.
Conclusions
Together, our data identified a clear connection between increased myometrial oxidative stress and a high rate of MED12 mutations that may underlie the risk of LM development and severity in women of reproductive age.
Single-Piece Foldable Intraocular Lenses versus Three-Piece Intraocular Lenses in the Sulcus following Posterior Capsular Rupture
Authors: Torrefranca Aramis B. , Florcruz Nilo Vincent DG. , Cariño Noel S. , Kho Richard C. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose:Successful intraocular lens (IOL) placement in cataract surgery is synonymous with the IOL being placed in the capsular bag. When the bag is violated, the ciliary sulcus becomes an option to be able to place an intraocular lens in a near in-the-bag position. Studies report that single-piece foldable acrylic (SPA) IOLs are a poor choice for the sulcus. This study aimed to compare the visual outcomes and complications between sulcus placement of single-piece intraocular lenses and three-piece intraocular lenses.Methods: The medical records of patients were retrospectively reviewed in a single center.Results: A total of 245 patients were included in the study with mean age of 61 with male predominance. Majority of sulcus implantation occurred during phacoemulsification (87%). Around 82% (n=202) were implanted with SPA IOLs and 18% (n=43) were three-piece IOLs. Best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) was 20/20 after 6 months for both groups. Comparison between two groups showed no superiority with each other. Complications notable were elevated IOP, corneal edema, loss of IOL centration and pigment dispersion. Results showed more proportions of complications with SPA IOLs than three-piece IOL. Smaller optic diameter and overall length predispose to increase in decentrations.Conclusions: We found no significant difference between the visual outcomes of three-piece IOLs with SPA IOLs. Complications were found to be more significant in SPA IOLs. Knowledge on the outcomes and complications of SPA IOLs would help ophthalmologists in their decision making and help set realistic expectations for both doctors and patients.
Transverse Oscillations and Novel Energy Source in a Strongly Magnetized Sunspot
Authors: Yuan Ding , Fu Libo , Cao Wenda , Kuzma B. , Geeraerts Michaël , Arjona Juan Carlos Trelles , Murawski K. , Doorsselaere Tom Van , Srivast Abhishek , Miao Yuhu , Feng Song , feng xueshang , Noda Carlos Quintero , Cobo Basilio Ruiz , Su Jiangtao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The solar corona is maintained at a temperature of millions of Kelvin, 2 to 3 orders of magnitude hotter than the underlying photosphere. The plasma above sunspots is fully ionized and is subjected to a strong energy loss in form of radiation and thermal conduction. A heating flux above 1,000 W m^{-2} is required to maintain the plasma temperature at the coronal level[1]. Repetitive magnetic energy releases at short length scales, known as nanoflares, are proposed as one of the potential heating mechanisms, however, no persuasive observation has even been reported yet[2,3]. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves do not display promising plasma heating efficiency, because they are observed to either have strong energy flux with a low occurrence rate or the otherwise[4-8]. Using the Goode Solar Telescope, we report the first detection of ubiquitous and persistent transverse waves in umbral fibrils within a strongly magnetized sunspot. The energy flux carried by these kink waves was estimated to be about 7.52x10^6 W m^{-2}, 3 to 4 orders of magnitude stronger than the required energy flux to compensate for the energy losses in the active region. Two-fluid MHD simulation reproduced the novel observations and showed that these transverse waves could dissipate a significant amount of energy indispensable for coronal heating. Our study identifies a novel source in form of MHD waves that could provide sufficient energy flux for coronal heating.
The impact of free farmland transfer on the adoption of conservation tillage technology -- Empirical evidence from the plot level of China
Authors: CHEN Jia , XU Jingwen , JI Xing , ZHANG Hongxiao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
At present, there are a large number of free farmland transfer without monetary or physical rents in rural China. It is relatively worthwhile to verify whether the transferees who transfer in farmland for free, the actual operators of farmland, would adopt the conservation tillage technology, which is crucial in protecting farmland quality and improving agricultural production efficiency. Based on the data of 527 plots surveyed by China Land Economic Survey (CLES) in Jiangsu Province in 2020, this paper employs Negative Binomial Regression (NBR), Poisson Regression with Endogenous Treatment Effects (ETPR) and Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR). Results show that: (1) Compared with the transferees who transfer into farmland with compensation, the free transfer is not conducive to the transferees’ adoption of five CTTs such as straw mechanical returning, soil testing and formulated fertilization. Specifically, the total number of technology adoptions by transferees who transfer in farmland without compensation is decreased by 1.977. The result is still robust after replacing the dependent variable. (2) Further heterogeneity analysis results of different types of technologies show that the number of labor-saving CTTs such as straw mechanical returning adopted by the transferees of free transfer decreases by 0.231, and the number of labor-intensive tillage technologies such as soil testing and formulated fertilization decreases by 2.496. Thus, free transfer has a stronger inhibitory effect on the transferees’ adoption of labor-intensive CTTs. Therefore, for the most developing countries including China, the governments should continue to improve the farmland factor market oriented by price mechanism and implement targeted conservation tillage technology according to the different degree of transfer marketization in different places.