bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a questionnaire to determine the case detection delay of leprosy: A mixed-methods cultural validation study
Authors: de Bruijne Naomi D. , Urgesa Kedir , Aseffa Abraham , Bobosha Kidist , Schoenmakers Anne , van Wijk Robin , Hambridge Thomas , Waltz Mitzi M. , Kasang Christa , Mieras Liesbeth 
Published: January 2022

Background
Delay in case detection is a risk factor for developing leprosy-related impairments, leading to disability and stigma. The objective of this study was to develop a questionnaire to determine the leprosy case detection delay, defined as the period between the first signs of the disease and the moment of diagnosis, calculated in total number of months. The instrument was developed as part of the PEP4LEP project, a large-scale intervention study which determines the most effective way to implement integrated skin screening and leprosy post-exposure prophylaxis with a single-dose of rifampicin (SDR-PEP) administration in Ethiopia, Mozambique and Tanzania.

Methodology/Principal findings
A literature review was conducted and leprosy experts were consulted. The first draft of the questionnaire was developed in Ethiopia by exploring conceptual understanding, item relevance and operational suitability. Then, the first draft of the tool was piloted in Ethiopia, Mozambique and Tanzania. The outcome is a questionnaire comprising nine questions to determine the case detection delay and two annexes for ease of administration: a local calendar to translate the patient’s indication of time to number of months and a set of pictures of the signs of leprosy. In addition, a body map was included to locate the signs. A ‘Question-by-Question Guide’ was added to the package, to provide support in the administration of the questionnaire. The materials will be made available in English, Oromiffa (Afaan Oromo), Portuguese and Swahili via https://www.infolep.org.

Conclusions/Significance
It was concluded that the developed case detection delay questionnaire can be administered quickly and easily by health workers, while not inconveniencing the patient. The instrument has promising potential for use in future leprosy research. It is recommended that the tool is further validated, also in other regions or countries, to ensure cultural validity and to examine psychometric properties like test-retest reliability and interrater reliability.
Machine learning and deep learning techniques to support clinical diagnosis of arboviral diseases: A systematic review
Authors: da Silva Neto Sebastião Rogério , Tabosa Oliveira Thomás , Teixeira Igor Vitor , Aguiar de Oliveira Samuel Benjamin , Souza Sampaio Vanderson , Lynn Theo , Endo Patricia Takako 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundNeglected tropical diseases (NTDs) primarily affect the poorest populations, often living in remote, rural areas, urban slums or conflict zones. Arboviruses are a significant NTD category spread by mosquitoes. Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika are three arboviruses that affect a large proportion of the population in Latin and South America. The clinical diagnosis of these arboviral diseases is a difficult task due to the concurrent circulation of several arboviruses which present similar symptoms, inaccurate serologic tests resulting from cross-reaction and co-infection with other arboviruses.ObjectiveThe goal of this paper is to present evidence on the state of the art of studies investigating the automatic classification of arboviral diseases to support clinical diagnosis based on Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) models.MethodWe carried out a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in which Google Scholar was searched to identify key papers on the topic. From an initial 963 records (956 from string-based search and seven from a single backward snowballing procedure), only 15 relevant papers were identified.ResultsResults show that current research is focused on the binary classification of Dengue, primarily using tree-based ML algorithms. Only one paper was identified using DL. Five papers presented solutions for multi-class problems, covering Dengue (and its variants) and Chikungunya. No papers were identified that investigated models to differentiate between Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika.ConclusionsThe use of an efficient clinical decision support system for arboviral diseases can improve the quality of the entire clinical process, thus increasing the accuracy of the diagnosis and the associated treatment. It should help physicians in their decision-making process and, consequently, improve the use of resources and the patient’s quality of life.
Support Models for Addiction Related Treatment (SMART) for pregnant women: Study protocol of a cluster randomized trial of two treatment models for opioid use disorder in prenatal clinics
Authors: Forray Ariadna , Mele Amanda , Byatt Nancy , Londono Tobon Amalia , Gilstad-Hayden Kathryn , Hunkle Karen , Hong Suyeon , Lipkind Heather , Fiellin David A. , Callaghan Katherine , Yonkers Kimberly A. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
The prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnancy increased nearly five-fold over the past decade. Despite this, obstetric providers are less likely to treat pregnant women with medication for OUD than non-obstetric providers (75% vs 91%). A major reason is many obstetricians feel unprepared to prescribe medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Education and support may increase prescribing and overall comfort in delivering care for pregnant women with OUD, but optimal models of education and support are yet to be determined.

Methods and analysis
We describe the rationale and conduct of a matched-pair cluster randomized clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of two models of support for reproductive health clinicians to provide care for pregnant and postpartum women with OUD. The primary outcomes of this trial are patient treatment engagement and retention in OUD treatment. This study compares two support models: 1) a collaborative care approach, based upon the Massachusetts Office-Based-Opioid Treatment Model, that provides practice-level training and support to providers and patients through the use of care managers, versus 2) a telesupport approach based on the Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes, a remote education model that provides mentorship, guided practice, and participation in a learning community, via video conferencing.

Discussion
This clustered randomized clinical trial aims to test the effectiveness of two approaches to support practitioners who care for pregnant women with an OUD. The results of this trial will help determine the best model to improve the capacity of obstetrical providers to deliver treatment for OUD in prenatal clinics.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov trial registration number: NCT0424039.
Use of telehealth in the provision of after-hours palliative care services in rural and remote Australia: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Namasivayam Pathmavathy , Bui Dung T. , Low Christine , Barnett Tony , Bridgman Heather , Marsh Pauline , Lee Simone 
Published: January 2022

Introduction
After-hours services are essential in ensuring patients with life limiting illness and their caregivers are supported to enable continuity of care. Telehealth is a valuable approach to meeting after-hours support needs of people living with life-limiting illness, their families, and caregivers in rural and remote communities. It is important to explore the provision of after-hours palliative care services using telehealth to understand the reach of these services in rural and remote Australia. A preliminary search of databases failed to reveal any scoping or systematic reviews of telehealth in after-hours palliative care services in rural or remote Australia.

Aim
To review and map the available evidence about the use of telehealth in providing after-hours palliative care services in Australian rural and remote communities.

Methods
The proposed scoping review will be conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework and in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. The reporting of the scoping review will be guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). This review will consider research and evaluation of after-hours services using telehealth for palliative care stakeholders in rural and remote Australia. Peer reviewed studies and grey literature published in English from 2000 to May 2021 will be included. Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL Complete, Embase via Ovid, PsycINFO via Ovid, Emcare via Ovid, Medline via Ovid, and grey literature will be searched for relevant articles. Titles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers for assessment against the inclusion criteria. Data will be extracted and analysed by two reviewers using an adapted data extraction tool and thematic analysis techniques. Diagrams, tables, and summary narratives will be used to map, summarise and thematically group the characteristics of palliative care telehealth services in rural and remote Australia, including stakeholders’ perceptions and benefits and challenges of the services.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neonatal admissions in a tertiary children’s hospital in southwest China: An interrupted time-series study
Authors: Liu Weiqin , Yang Qifen , Xu Zhen-e , Hu Ya , Wang Yongming , Liu Zhenqiu , Zhao Qianqian , Wang Zhuangcheng , Wei Hong , Hua Ziyu 
Published: January 2022

Background
The unprecedented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused millions of infections worldwide and represents a significant challenge facing modern health care systems. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of lockdown measures in a tertiary Children’s Hospital in southwest China, which might be used to predict long-term effects related to health-seeking behavior of parents/caregivers.

Methods
This study included newborns enrolled over a span of 86 weeks between January 4, 2019, and August 27, 2020. We designated two time periods for analysis purposes: a stable pre-COVID period(55 weeks between January 4, 2019, and January 23, 2020) and a COVID-impacted period (31 weeks between January 24, 2020, and August 27, 2020). An interrupted time-series analysis was employed to compare changes and trends in hospital admissions and disease spectra before and after the period of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Furthermore, this study was conducted to evaluate whether the health-seeking behavior of parents/caregivers was influenced by pandemic factors.

Results
Overall, 16,640 infants were admitted to the neonatology department during the pre-COVID period (n = 12,082) and the COVID-impacted period (n = 4,558). The per week neonatal admissions consistently decreased following the first days of NPIs (January 24, 2020). The average weekly admission rates of 220/week pre-COVID period and 147/week COVID-impacted period. There was an evident decrease in the volume of admissions for all disease spectra after the intervention, whereas the decrease of patients complaining about pathological jaundice-related conditions was statistically significant (p<0.05). In the COVID-impacted period, the percentage of patients who suffered from respiratory system diseases, neonatal encephalopathy, and infectious diseases decreased, while the percentage of pathological jaundice-related conditions and gastrointestinal system diseases increased. The neonatal mortality rates (NMRs) increased by 8.7% during the COVID-impacted period compared with the pre-COVID period.

Conclusions
In summary, there was a significant decline in neonatal admissions in a tertiary care hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the associated NPIs. Additionally, this situation had a remarkable impact on disease spectra and health-seeking behavior of parents/caregivers. We, therefore, advise continuing follow-ups and monitoring the main health indicators in vulnerable populations affected by this Pandemic over time.
Th17 cell-mediated immune response in a subpopulation of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Knebel Anna , Kämpe Annika , Carlson Regina , Rohn Karl , Tipold Andrea 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundCanine idiopathic epilepsy (IE) is a common neurological disease with severe impact on the owner´s and the dog’s quality of life. A subpopulation of dogs with IE does not respond to antiseizure drugs (non-responder). Th17 cells (T helper cells) and their proinflammatory Interleukin-17 (IL-17) are part of the immune system and previous studies showed their involvement in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Non-responder might have an abnormal immune response against structures of the central nervous system. To discover a new aetiology of canine IE and thereby optimising the therapy of intractable IE, this prospective study aimed to investigate Th17 cells and IL-17 in dogs with IE. The underlying hypothesis was that in some dogs with IE a Th17 cell-mediated immune response could be detectable.Methods57 dogs with IE and 10 healthy dogs (control group, C) were enrolled in the study. EDTA blood was taken to measure Th17 cells by flow cytometry. IL-17 was measured in 35 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 33 serum samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was investigated whether there was a significant increase of stimulated Th17 cells in blood samples or of IL-17 in serum and CSF samples of dogs with IE in comparison to C. Correlations between the amount of Th17 cells/μL or IL-17 and different clinical parameters e.g. seizure frequency, seizure type, seizure severity or treatment response were evaluated. Additionally, Th17 cells/μL were randomly controlled of 17 dogs with IE and were examined for changes over time and in relation to treatment response.ResultsTen dogs with IE had strongly elevated stimulated Th17 cells/μL within the blood (>100 Th17 cells/μL). A slight positive correlation between stimulated Th17 cells/μL and seizure severity (p = 0.046; rSpear = 0.27) was proven in these dogs. In addition, 4/10 dogs with elevated Th17 levels experienced cluster seizures and status epilepticus in comparison to 9% of the dogs with non-elevated Th17 levels (<100 Th17 cells/μL). Dogs with IE had significantly higher IL-17 values in CSF and serum samples compared to C (p<0.001; p<0.002; respectively).ConclusionIn single dogs with IE, strongly increased amounts of Th17 cells were detectable and dogs with elevated Th17 cells seemed to have a greater risk for experiencing a combination of cluster seizures and status epilepticus. Therefore, an underlying Th17-cell mediated immune response was suspected and hence anti-inflammatory drugs could be indicated in these single cases with intractable epilepsy.
Risk predictive tools of perioperative drug hypersensitivity reaction: A case-control study
Authors: Pradhan Ujal , Oofuvong Maliwan , Karnjanawanichkul Orarat , Pakpirom Jatuporn 
Published: January 2022

Objective
We aimed to determine the risk factors of perioperative drug hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) and develop a predictive score for use in clinical practice.

Methods
A case-control study was conducted in patients who underwent anesthesia at a tertiary hospital in Thailand, between 2015–2018. DHR cases were graded clinically from 1 to 4 according to the World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists by two anesthesiologists. Controls were randomly matched with cases (ratio 2:1) by age group and month and type of surgery. Patient and anesthesia-related factors and agents given intraoperatively were recorded. A risk score was derived from the coefficients of the significant predictors of the final multivariate logistic regression model. Risk scores, adjusted odds ratios (OR) for perioperative DHR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined.

Results
Overall, 325 cases and 650 controls were recruited. The severity of DHR was grade 1 (72.9%), grade 2 (24%), and grade 3 (3.1%). Our risk predictive tools for perioperative DHR provided a sensitivity of 62% and specificity of 65%. Predictive scores of subgroups of moderate to severe DHR showed high specificity (80%) but low sensitivity (47%). Common predictors of overall DHR and moderate to severe DHR were history of drug allergy to 2 or more drug categories (score 2.5–3.5), being allergic to analgesics (score 2.5–4.0), and intraoperative morphine use (score of 1). The sole predictor of high-risk perioperative DHR (score ≥3.5) was airway management with an endotracheal tube intubation (OR 5.6, 95% CI 2.2–14.4) whereas history of allergic rhinitis (OR 11.7, 95% CI 1.3–105.1) was a predictor of high-risk moderate to severe DHR (score ≥2.5).

Conclusions
Our predictive tool for perioperative DHR provided a modest predictive ability. History of drug allergies, rhinitis, morphine use and endotracheal intubation were significant risk factors of DHR after adjusting for age and type of surgery.
Identifying barriers to ART initiation and adherence: An exploratory qualitative study on PMTCT in Zambia
Authors: Kanguya Tukiya , Koyuncu Aybüke , Sharma Anjali , Kusanathan Thankian , Mubanga Martha , Chi Benjamin H. , Vinikoor Michael J. , Mubiana-Mbewe Mwangelwa 
Published: January 2022

Background
Though antiretroviral therapy (ART) is widely available, HIV positive pregnant women in Zambia are less likely to start and remain on therapy throughout pregnancy and after delivery. This study sought to understand readiness to start ART among HIV pregnant women from the perspectives of both women and men in order to suggest more holistic programs to support women to continue life-long ART after delivery.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study with HIV positive pregnant women before and after ART initiation, and men with female partners, to understand readiness to start lifelong ART. We conducted 28 in-depth interviews among women and 2 focus group discussions among male partners. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed in NVivo 12 using thematic analysis. Emerging themes from the data were organized using the social ecological framework.

Results
Men thought of their female partners as young and needing their supervision to initiate and stay on ART. Women agreed that disclosure and partner support were necessary preconditions to ART initiation and adherence and, expressed fear of divorce as a prominent barrier to disclosure. Maternal love and desire to look after one’s children instilled a sense of responsibility among women which motivated them to overcome individual, interpersonal and health system level barriers to initiation and adherence. Women preferred adherence strategies that were discrete, the effectiveness of which, depended on women’s intrinsic motivation.

Conclusion
The results support current policies in Zambia to encourage male engagement in ART care. To appeal to male partners, messaging on ART should be centered on emphasizing the importance of male involvement to ensure women remain engaged in ART care. Programs aimed at supporting postpartum ART adherence should design messages that appeal to both men’s role in couples’ joint decision-making and women’s maternal love as motivators for adherence.
Azottszokatlan szerepei
Authors: Kocsány Piroska 
Published: January 2022

Azotthatározószó redundáns használata (= ahol a mondatban szerepel a nominális helymegjelölés is, vö.Évaottállt akapubanversusÉva a kapuban állt) összevethető a hasonló irányhatározós szerkezetekkel (Évabelépett aszobába). Az irányhatározós szerkezetben az ige terminatív igekötővel (be-) áll. Ennek analógiájára vezeti be É. Kiss Katalin a lokatív igekötő fogalmát (ott/kint/bent stb.), amelynek használata beleilleszkedik az igeidőrendszer fokozatos átalakulásába az ómagyar kortól napjainkig: a nézőponti aspektust hordozó formákat felváltja a szituatív aspektust támogató igekötőrendszer. A dolgozat ezt a tételt próbálja továbbgondolni, különös tekintettel azokra a példákra, amelyekben egy inchoatív jelentésű időhatározó kijelöl egy időbeni vonatkozási pontot, ahonnan egy folyamatra/állapotra rátekintünk. Ez az együttállás kiváltja az ott mint igekötő in statu nascendi létét, és magyarázni tudja azokat az eseteket, amelyekben az ott a nominális helymegjelölés mellett kötelező, valamint azokat is, amelyekben a redundáns ott használatát stratégiai-pragmatikai tények indokolják. Az ott lokális jelentése az érvelésben összekapcsolódik a temporális jelentéssel, a temporális jelentés pedig elvezet a temporális perzisztencia kifejeződéséhez. Ennek sajátos megjelenésével találkozunk az ott mint diskurzuspartikula használata során.A pilot kutatás elsődleges célja az, hogy a szociálpszichológiai és a pragmatikai megközelítéseket ötvözve létrehozzon egy olyan tesztet, amely alkalmas az énmegjelenítés/benyomáskeltés vizsgálatára. A dolgozatban a magyar anyanyelvű egyetemi hallgatók számára létrehozott, az énmegjelenítési stratégiákat vizsgáló nyílt végű diskurzuskiegészítéses teszt adatgyűjtési módszert ismertetem, illetve annak metodológiai problémáit járom körül. A pilot teszt eredményei alapján megállapítható, hogy egy szituációban nem megjósolhatóak a stratégiák, hanem a különböző társas interakciók esetében vannak kevésbé vagy inkább preferált metódusok, melyeket meghatároznak a benyomáskeltés mögött meghúzódó lehetséges motivációk, az arculatfenyegetettség mértéke, a szociológiai és szociokulturális változók.
Macro-TSH in patients with primary hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Saribekian A. G. , Petrenko D. A. , Trukhina D. A. , Kuzmin A. G. , Dzeranova L. K. , Nikankina L. V. , Kolesnikova G. S. 
Published: January 2022

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is one of the key indicators in the diagnosis of the thyroid gland functional disorders. Minor changes in TSH concentration make it possible to suspect thyroid dysfunction even before clinical manifestations, which increases the value of correct and timely measurement of it. In the clinical practice, an endocrinologist often encounter the well-known phenomenon of macroprolactinemia; a much less common phenomenon is macrotyrotropinemia (macro-TSH). The presence of macro-TSH complexes can be suspected when the serum detects atypically high TSH values with reference values of FT4 without any signs of hypothyroidism. Since the phenomenon is based on an autoimmune mechanism, macro-TSH can often be detected in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). This article presents clinical cases of patients with a combination of the macro-TSH phenomenon and primary hypothyroidism due to AIT.