bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral partitioning of large and sparse 3‐tensors using low‐rank tensor approximation
Authors: Eldén Lars , Dehghan Maryam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe problem of partitioning a large and sparse tensor is considered, where the tensor consists of a sequence of adjacency matrices. Theory is developed that is a generalization of spectral graph partitioning. A best rank‐ approximation is computed for , and the partitioning is computed from the orthogonal matrices and the core tensor of the approximation. It is shown that if the tensor has a certain reducibility structure, then the solution of the best approximation problem exhibits the reducibility structure of the tensor. Further, if the tensor is close to being reducible, then still the solution of the exhibits the structure of the tensor. Numerical examples with synthetic data corroborate the theoretical results. Experiments with tensors from applications show that the method can be used to extract relevant information from large, sparse, and noisy data.
Automated detection of photovoltaic cleaning events: A performance comparison of techniques as applied to a broad set of labeled photovoltaic data sets
Authors: Muller Matthew , Perry Kirsten , Micheli Leonardo , Almonacid Florencia , Fernández Eduardo F. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExtracting accurate soiling loss information from photovoltaic (PV) production data first requires segmenting the time series data per natural or manually occurring cleaning events. Maintenance logs are often incomplete, rain data are often unavailable, and the debate on rain thresholds for cleaning and dew or wind cleanings is still ongoing. The present work aims to overtake these issues by improving automated methods to detect these cleaning events and therefore improve extraction of soiling loss information. Time series power production data from 22 PV inverters were labeled for natural or manually occurring cleaning events. The data sets were carefully selected to include varying degrees of soiling, cleaning events, and noise. Several algorithms, including filtering logic and change point detection, were examined for efficacy at detecting the labeled cleanings. All the methods introduced except for changepoint detection showed significant improvement at detecting the labeled cleaning events per the mean F1 score. Furthermore, the highest performing cleaning detection algorithm achieved an absolute increase in the mean F1 score of 43% over the default version of the RdTools stochastic rate and recovery (SRR) algorithm. The highest performing algorithm included irradiance filtering and a cleaning detection threshold, adjusted based on the 40‐day centered rolling median of the absolute day‐to‐day deviations in the daily performance index (PI). These improvements are promising as cleaning detection is an essential step in the automated analysis of PV soiling.
Gammablitz aus der kosmischen Nachbarschaft
Authors: Taylor Andrew M. , Zhu Sylvia J. , Konno Ruslan , Ohm Stefan 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Ursprung der hochenergetischen kosmischen Strahlung bleibt ein Rätsel der modernen Hochenergie‐Astrophysik. Auch wenn die Theorie der Teilchenbeschleunigung in relativistischen Schocks von Gammastrahlenblitzen es nicht verbietet, so war die bisherige theoretische Erwartung, dass diese Objekte Teilchen nur auf begrenzte Energien beschleunigen sollten. Die kürzlich mit dem Teleskopsystem H.E.S.S. gemachte Entdeckung von Teraelektronenvolt‐Gammastrahlung von einem Gammastrahlenblitz in der kosmischen Nachbarschaft stellt diese Überzeugung in Frage. Die theoretische Modellierung der mit H.E.S.S. gemessenen Gammastrahlung legt nahe, dass Gammablitze sehr viel effizientere Teilchenbeschleuniger sein könnten als gedacht. Unter Umständen sind Gammastrahlenausbrüche sogar die bislang vergeblich gesuchten Quellen der höchstenergetischen kosmischen Strahlung. Sollte sich diese Hypothese bestärken, würde das bedeuten, dass die etablierten Theorien der Teilchenbeschleunigung in relativistischen Schocks eine gründliche Überarbeitung benötigen.
Quantenrechnen mit Licht
Authors: Saggio Valeria , Walther Philip 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungPhotonen gehören zu den vielversprechenden Quantensystemen, die einen universellen Quantencomputer ermöglichen. Ihre besonderen Eigenschaften, wie Mobilität und der bosonische Charakter, erlauben leistungsstarke Quantenprozessoren für spezielle Anwendungen. Als prominentes Beispiel gilt das Bosonensampeln, mit dem die Quantenüberlegenheit eines Quantencomputers demonstriert wurde. Größte Herausforderungen für die Entwicklung universell anwendbarer photonischer Quantencomputer sind eine effiziente Erzeugung von Einzelphotonen sowie ein stabiles, verlustarmes Prozessieren von Multiphotonen‐Zuständen. Zur Skalierbarkeit photonischer Quantencomputer trägt der rasante Fortschritt bei integrierten optischen Bauteilen bei. Das ermöglicht eine komplette Verarbeitung von Quanteninformation auf einem nanophotonischen Prozessor. Es gibt bereits vielseitige Demonstrationen von möglichen Anwendungen solcher Prozessoren in optischen Quantencomputern. Sie reichen vom maschinellen Lernen bis zur sicheren Datenverarbeitung in Computernetzwerken.
Diagnosis, management, and outcomes of pediatric tracheostomy‐associated infections: A scoping review
Authors: Morrison John M. , Hassan Amir , Kysh Lynn , Dudas Robert A. , Russell Christopher J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundChildren with tracheostomy are frequently admitted to the hospital for tracheostomy‐associated respiratory infections (TRAINs). However, there remains a paucity of evidence to direct the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TRAINs. An important first step to addressing this knowledge gap is to synthesize existing data regarding TRAINs to inform current practice and facilitate innovation.Data SourcesWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science from inception to October 2020. Original research articles and published abstracts including children and young adults 0–21 years of age with tracheostomy were included. Included studies assessed the clinical definitions of and risk factors for TRAINs, microbiologic epidemiology and colonization of tracheostomies, and treatment and outcomes of TRAINs.Data SynthesisOut of 5755 studies identified in the search, 78 full‐text studies were included in the final review. A substantial number of studies focused on the detection of specific pathogens in respiratory cultures including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Several different definitions of TRAIN including clinical, microbiologic, and laboratory testing results were utilized; however, no uniform set of criteria were identified. The few studies focused on treatment and prevention of TRAIN emphasized the role of empiric antimicrobial therapy and the use of inhaled antibiotics.ConclusionsDespite a growing number of research articles studying TRAINs, there is a paucity of prospective interventional trials to guide the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory disease in this vulnerable population. Future research should include studies of interventions designed to improve short‐ and long‐term respiratory‐related outcomes of children with tracheostomy.
Effectiveness of different eradication treatment protocols for new‐onset Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sunman Birce , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Hazirolan Gülsen , Şener Burçin , Ozsezen Beste , Tural Dilber A. , Buyuksahin Halime N. , Guzelkas Ismail , Yalcin Ebru , Dogru Deniz , Özçelik Uğur , Kiper Nural 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesWhile eradicating new‐onset Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with cystic fibrosis is an important issue, there is no clear evidence about the best treatment approach. This retrospective observational cohort study aims to compare the effectiveness of intravenous therapy versus inhalation with/without oral therapy in the eradication of new‐onset P. aeruginosa, determine the factors affecting the treatment success and assess lung function at baseline and posttreatment.MethodsOf 399 children, 110 (140 episodes) with either the first P. aeruginosa isolation or a new isolation after at least 1 year free of infection were included. Different eradication regimens (intravenous therapy or inhaled tobramycin or inhaled tobramycin plus oral ciprofloxacin) were compared. Eradication success was accepted as remaining free of infection with a negative culture for 12 months. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of children, effectiveness of different eradication strategies, time to a new P. aeruginosa isolation, and the relationship between lung function and the type of eradication regimen were determined.ResultsOf 140 episodes, intravenous therapy was administered in 53 and inhalation therapy (in combination with or without oral ciprofloxacin) in 87. Total success rate of eradication was 60.7%. Eradication was achieved in 56.6% of children with intravenous therapy, 59.7% with inhaled tobramycin therapy, and 72% with inhaled tobramycin plus oral ciprofloxacin therapy. Success rates of different eradication regimens did not differ significantly (p = 0.419). Lung function by the end of the first year was worse in the intravenous group compared to the inhalation group (p = 0.017 for forced expiratory volume in 1 s, p = 0.015 for forced vital capacity).ConclusionNo advantage of intravenous therapy was demonstrated compared to inhalation therapy in terms of eradication success.
Anti‐inflammatory effect of Rhein on ulcerative colitis via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and regulating gut microbiota
Authors: Dong Lingling , Du Hongling , Zhang Minyue , Xu Haiting , Pu Xiulan , Chen Qiyan , Luo Ruifeng , Hu Yichen , Wang Yitao , Tu He , Zhang Jinming , Gao Fei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the therapeutic effect of Rhein on ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice and its possible mechanism. LPS‐induced UC cell model and DSS‐induced UC mouse model were used to analyze the antiinflammatory effect of Rhein on UC in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Network pharmacology analysis was conducted to identify potential signaling pathways involved in Rhein treating UC, and the results were further confirmed through western blotting assay. 16sRNA sequencing was performed to study the regulatory effect of Rhein on gut microbiota in UC mice. As indicated by the results, Rhein could significantly inhibit the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β) in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate DSS‐induced UC‐associated symptoms in mice (e.g., colon shortening, weight loss, diarrhea and hematochezia). The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was predicted as the potential interacting protein of Rhein in the treatment of UC through network pharmacology analysis. It was found through western blotting assay that the Rhein treatment could significantly inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by decreasing the phosphorylated protein levels of PI3K, Akt, mTOR and p70S6K1. By 16sRNA gene sequencing analysis, Rhein administration could partially reverse the gut dysbacteriosis of mice induced by DSS and decrease pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae and Turicibacter). It was positively correlated with the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines above, whereas the increase in probiotics (e.g., Unspecified‐S24‐7 and Rikenellaceae) was negatively correlated with the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, Rhine had anti‐UC efficacy, which was demonstrated by mitigating the UC symptoms and reducing intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and modulating gut microbiota.
Dihydrogen phosphate anion boosts the detection of sugars in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: A combined experimental and computational investigation
Authors: Ruf Alexander , Kanawati Basem , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe 
Published: March 2022

RationaleSugars are key molecules of life but challenging to detect via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Unfortunately, sugars are challenging analytes for mass spectrometric methods due to their high gas‐phase deprotonation energies and low gas‐phase proton affinities which make them difficult to ionize in high abundance for MS detection.MethodsHydrogen‐bond interactions in H2PO4−–saccharide anionic systems were studied both experimentally (via electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, ESI‐FT‐ICR‐MS) and computationally by several sophisticated density‐functional theoretical methods (DFT and DFT‐D3).ResultsThe H2PO4− dopant boosts the detection of sugars up to 51‐times in the case of sucrose and up to 263‐times for glucose (at 0.1 ppm concentration level). H2PO4− binds toward sugar molecules with noticeably more hydrogen bonds than the established dopant chloride Cl− does, with increasing binding energies in the order: Monosaccharides < Trisaccharides < Disaccharides. Analysis of a complex oak plant sample revealed that NH4H2PO4 specifically labeled a diverse set of sugar‐type plant metabolites in the form of [M + H2PO4]− complexes.ConclusionsWe reveal the mechanism of interaction of H2PO4− with different sugars and glycosylated organic compounds, which significantly enhances their ionization in mass spectrometry. A computational and experimental investigation is presented. A strong correlation between the MS signal intensities of detected [M + H2PO4]− anions of different saccharides and their calculated dissociation enthalpies was revealed. Thus, the variation in MS signal intensities can be very well described to a large extent by the variation in calculated saccharide affinities toward the H2PO4− dopant anion, showing that DFT‐D3 can very well describe experimental FT‐ICR‐MS observations.
Lesbian and queer non‐birthing mothers in France, Switzerland, and Québec: Differentiated access to reproductive rights
Authors: Chbat Marianne , Côté Isabel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe last few decades have seen legal, social, and scientific discourses on lesbian‐parent families change dramatically. Although they had been subject to complete exclusion, these families are increasingly being included in several countries. However, this inclusion varies depending on the national context, which is particularly significant in terms of legal recognition. This article reports on the results of research that looked at the experiences of motherhood in lesbian‐parent families, specifically the experiences of lesbian/queer and/or trans non‐birthing parents in three different national contexts, namely, Québec, France, and Switzerland. As mothers in Switzerland and France do not necessarily benefit from legal recognition of their parental status from the birth of their child (ren), this article will highlight the different strategies they put in place to articulate their motherhood. It will present the ways in which certain legal and social contexts reinforce biological motherhood to the detriment of the mother who has not given birth. In some cases, particularly during a separation of the couple, the mother who has not benefited from legal recognition of her parental status is restricted in her ability to claim her maternity because of a legislative framework that prioritizes the biological mother. This comparative study allows us to better understand how lesbian non‐birthing mothers living in different legal and social contexts think about and articulate their maternity as well as the possibilities they have (or have not) to create their family and develop their maternal identity.
Plasma‐Catalytic Reactions for Soot Oxidation on VOx/M (M=KIT‐6, SBA‐15 and SiO2) Catalysts: Influence of Pore Structure
Authors: Wu Hanpeng , Zhu Xinbo , Wu Xiqiang , Tu Xin , Chen Geng , Yang Guohua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this work, the effect of pore structure for VOx/M (M=KIT‐6, SBA‐15 and SiO2) catalysts on plasma‐catalytic soot oxidation was investigated. The combination of VOx/KIT‐6 and plasma shows the highest soot oxidation rate, followed by VOx/SBA‐15‐packed and VOx/SiO2‐packed plasma reactor. The soot oxidation rate of 97.4 % and the energy efficiency of 0.95 g kWh−1 can be achieved in plasma‐catalytic soot oxidation over VOx/KIT‐6 at 30th min and 20 W. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption‐desorption, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results illustrated that VOx/KIT‐6 and VOx/SBA‐15 had large specific surface areas and good dispersion of vanadium species. The H2‐TPR and XPS results confirmed that VOx/KIT‐6 had stronger reducibility and higher relative content of Oads/(Oads+Olatt) than those of VOx/SBA‐15 and VOx/SiO2. The good performance of soot oxidation in the plasma‐catalytic systems over VOx/KIT‐6 could be attributed to 1) the well‐developed 3D mesoporous structure, which facilitated the transportation of radicals and active species, and 2) improved redox properties of VOx/KIT‐6, since more active sites and surface adsorbed oxygen species on the catalyst surfaces could contribute to soot oxidation.
The Antibiotic and Antiprotozoal Agent Dibromopropamidine Dihydrochloride is a New EGFR Inhibitor and Potential Anticancer Drug for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ke Kunbin , Gu Peng , Chen Yin , Li Hongjian , Shen Zhengchao , Lin Marie Chia‐mi , Zhang Rongping , Gao Zhenhua , Shi Xinan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a promising therapeutic target in bladder cancer (BC). Thus, the development of novel EGFR inhibitor is urgently needed. We computationally screened 3,167 worldwide approved small molecule drugs for potential wild‐type EGFR inhibitors. The antibiotic and antiprotozoal agent dibromopropamidine dihydrochloride exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, with the IC50 similar to that reported for the FDA approved EGFR inhibitors, gefitinib and higher than afatinib. We demonstrated that dibromopropamidine dihydrochloride inhibited the wild type EGFR kinase activity while had no effect on HER‐2 kinase activity. Furthermore, dibromopropamidine dihydrochloride treatment significantly promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream proteins AKT and ERK in a dose‐dependent manner. Structural analysis of the predicted binding conformation suggested that dibromopropamidine dihydrochloride binds to EGFR at ATP binding site via the formation of two hydrogen bonds with GLY796 and ASP855. Finally, dibromopropamidine dihydrochloride significantly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. These results suggest for the first time that dibromopropamidine dihydrochloride is an EGFR inhibitor, and a promising anticancer candidate drug for the treatment of BC.
Ambient Humidity‐Induced Phase Separation for Fiber Morphology Engineering toward Piezoelectric Self‐Powered Sensing
Authors: Lee Sooun , Kim Dabin , Lee Sangryun , Kim Yong‐Il , Kum Sihyeon , Kim Sang‐Woo , Kim Yunseok , Ryu Seunghwa , Kim Miso 
Published: March 2022

AbstractElectrospun polymeric piezoelectric fibers have a considerable potential for shape‐adaptive mechanical energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing in biomedical, wearable, and industrial applications. However, their unsatisfactory piezoelectric performance remains an issue to be overcome. While strategies for increasing the crystallinity of electroactive β phases have thus far been the major focus in realizing enhanced piezoelectric performance, tailoring the fiber morphology can also be a promising alternative. Herein, a design strategy that combines the nonsolvent‐induced phase separation of a polymer/solvent/water ternary system and electrospinning for fabricating piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE) fibers with surface porosity under ambient humidity is presented. Notably, electrospun P(VDF‐TrFE) fibers with higher surface porosity outperform their smooth‐surfaced counterparts with a higher β phase content in terms of output voltage and power generation. Theoretical and numerical studies also underpin the contribution of the structural porosity to the harvesting performance, which is attributable to local stress concentration and reduced dielectric constant due to the air in the pores. This porous fiber design can broaden the application prospects of shape‐adaptive energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing based on piezoelectric polymer fibers with enhanced voltage and power performance, as successfully demonstrated in this work by developing a communication system based on self‐powered motion sensing.
A community of care: Student conduct during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hunter Kendra L. , LaRoche Catherine H. , Morgan Chad W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, universities adjusted policy and protocols to manage the environment and mitigate the risk of virus transmission among the campus community. In the early semesters of the pandemic, these changes restricted student behavior that would have otherwise been encouraged, such as attending gatherings, and often resulted in conduct violations that had penalties, including removal from campus. This article will explore how one university implemented a Community of Care ethos to promote the health, safety, and wellbeing of the campus community and will identify the challenges and lessons learned during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Strengths and limitations of diagnostic tools for endometriosis and relevance in diagnostic test accuracy research
Authors: Pascoal E. , Wessels J. M. , Aas‐Eng M. K. , Abrao M. S. , Condous G. , Jurkovic D. , Espada M. , Exacoustos C. , Ferrero S. , Guerriero S. , Hudelist G. , Malzoni M. , Reid S. , Tang S. , Tomassetti C. , Singh S. S. , Van den Bosch T. , Leonardi M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEndometriosis is a chronic systemic disease that can cause pain, infertility and reduced quality of life. Diagnosing endometriosis remains challenging, which yields diagnostic delays for patients. Research on diagnostic test accuracy in endometriosis can be difficult due to verification bias, as not all patients with endometriosis undergo definitive diagnostic testing. The purpose of this State‐of‐the‐Art Review is to provide a comprehensive update on the strengths and limitations of the diagnostic modalities used in endometriosis and discuss the relevance of diagnostic test accuracy research pertaining to each. We performed a comprehensive literature review of the following methods: clinical assessment including history and physical examination, biomarkers, diagnostic imaging, surgical diagnosis and histopathology. Our review suggests that, although non‐invasive diagnostic methods, such as clinical assessment, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, do not yet qualify formally as replacement tests for surgery in diagnosing all subtypes of endometriosis, they are likely to be appropriate for advanced stages of endometriosis. We also demonstrate in our review that all methods have strengths and limitations, leading to our conclusion that there should not be a single gold‐standard diagnostic method for endometriosis, but rather, multiple accepted diagnostic methods appropriate for different circumstances. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.