bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic threshold plasticity: cholinergic activation and role in the neuronal recognition of incomplete input patterns
Authors: Pham Tuan , Hansel Christian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractActivity‐dependent changes in membrane excitability are observed in neurons across brain areas and represent a cell‐autonomous form of plasticity (intrinsic plasticity; IP) that in itself does not involve alterations in synaptic strength (synaptic plasticity; SP). Non‐homeostatic IP may play an essential role in learning, e.g. by changing the action potential threshold near the soma. A computational problem, however, arises from the implication that such amplification does not discriminate between synaptic inputs and therefore may reduce the resolution of input representation. Here, we investigate consequences of IP for the performance of an artificial neural network in (a) the discrimination of unknown input patterns and (b) the recognition of known/learned patterns. While negative changes in threshold potentials in the output layer indeed reduce its ability to discriminate patterns, they benefit the recognition of known but incompletely presented patterns. An analysis of thresholds and IP‐induced threshold changes in published sets of physiological data obtained from whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings from L2/3 pyramidal neurons in (a) the primary visual cortex (V1) of awake macaques and (b) the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of mice in vitro, respectively, reveals a difference between resting and threshold potentials of ∼15 mV for V1 and ∼25 mV for S1, and a total plasticity range of ∼10 mV (S1). The most efficient activity pattern to lower threshold is paired cholinergic and electric activation. Our findings show that threshold reduction promotes a shift in neural coding strategies from accurate faithful representation to interpretative assignment of input patterns to learned object categories.
imageKey points
Intrinsic plasticity may change the action potential threshold near the soma of neurons (threshold plasticity), thus altering the input–output function for all synaptic inputs ‘upstream’ of the plasticity location.
A potential problem arising from this shared amplification is that it may reduce the ability to discriminate between different input patterns.
Here, we assess the performance of an artificial neural network in the discrimination of unknown input patterns as well as the recognition of known patterns subsequent to changes in the spike threshold.
We observe that negative changes in threshold potentials do reduce discrimination performance, but at the same time improve performance in an object recognition task, in particular when patterns are incompletely presented.
Analysis of whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings from pyramidal neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of mice reveals that negative threshold changes preferentially result from electric stimulation of neurons paired with the activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
A Novel Gegenbauer Wavelet-Based Approach for Stability and Surface Location Error Analyses of Milling Process
Authors: Dai Yuebang , Li Hongkun , Cao Hongwei , Huang Zhiye , Yang Chao , Wang Chaodong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel wavelet-based method for the computation of the milling stability and surface location error (SLE). The governing equation of milling processes considering the self-vibration and forced-vibration is formulated as a delayed differential equation with state space form. The total time period is considered as a whole, sampled by the Chebyshev nodes. Then, the vibration displacement corresponding to each sampling grid point is fitted by a weighted linear sum of Gegenbauer orthogonal polynomials. A new method named direct differentiation based algorithm (DDBA) is proposed to determine these weight coefficients, which gets rid of dependence on the classic differential operator. On the one hand, the Floquet matrix is constructed to calculate the milling stability. On the other hand, the coefficient matrix independent of time is established to predict the SLE. The benchmark and experimentally verified examples are employed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The optimal combination of orthogonal polynomials is fixed by exploring the effect of the control parameter on the predictive accuracy. At last, the calculation vulnerability that can cause the prediction accuracy to be dropped obviously in some step lengths is revealed and repaired.
The Influence of Material Electromagnetic Parameters on Results of Stress Measurement With Eddy Current Thermography
Authors: Yang Suixian , Deng Shuwen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
If the relationship between electromagnetic parameters and the stress state were characterized by analyzation, it would be helpful to evaluate and classify the flaws in the sample with eddy current thermography (ECT). This paper reported the numerical simulation of the influence of material electromagnetic parameters on the stress state in ECT testing. The influences of conductivity, magnetic permeability, and the thickness of its variation layer on eddy current density and Joule heating have been examined. The results show that the value of electromagnetic parameters and the thickness of its variation layer can be derived from the highest temperature and the distribution of temperature field obtained by using ECT.
Enhancement of Yield in Single Slope Solar Still by Composite Heat Storage Material—Experimental and Thermo-Economic Assessment
Authors: Sampathkumar Arivazhagan , Suraparaju Subbarama Kousik , Natarajan Sendhil Kumar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to enhance the yield of single slope solar still by extending the operating time of solar still by utilizing composite heat storage materials in the solar still. In this regard, the effect of the composite heat energy storage material developed by the mixture of beach sand with paraffin wax is investigated. The experiments are carried out in solar still with composite heat storage material (SSCHSM), and results are compared with solar still with sensible heat storage material (SSSHSM), solar still with latent heat storage material (SSLHSM), and conventional solar still (CSS). The outcome of the two days’ results showed that the total yield of SSCHSM, SSLHSM, SSSHSM, and CSS are 2050, 1880, 1420, and 1250 mL/m2, respectively, on day 1 whereas on day 2 it is 2950, 2680, 2000, and 1820 mL/m2. The thermal analysis results indicated that the average thermal efficacy of SSCHSM, SSLHSM, SSSHSM, and CSS is 21.59%, 19.83%, 14.92%, and 13.16%, respectively, on day 1 and day 2 it is 27.42%, 24.94%, 18.59%, and 16.89%. The economic analysis revealed that the cost per liter and payback month of SSCHSM are $ 0.031 and 6.2 months, whereas the cost per liter for SSLHSM, SSSHSM, and CSS was $ 0.034, $ 0.044, and $ 0.048, respectively. Moreover, the payback period for SSLHSM, SSSHSM, and CSS was 6.8 months, 8.8 months, and 9.7 months, respectively.
Performance Evaluation of Newly Developed Generalized Correlations for the Prediction of Solar Diffuse Fraction for Various Climatic Regions
Authors: Sumair Muhammad , Aized Tauseef , Bhutta Muhammad Mahmood Aslam , Tehreem Layba , Shoaib Muhammad 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The objective of this work is to develop empirical correlations describing Diffuse Fraction (DF) as a function of (1) Sunshine Fraction (SF), (2) Clearness Index (CI) and (3) both SF and CI. Four years instantaneously measured data was changed to monthly data at five locations belonging to five different climatic regions in Pakistan which was used as training dataset and nine correlations for each location (a total of forty-five) were formulated and their performance was assessed. Moreover, nine general empirical models were developed using the entire dataset (11 years) for five locations which were termed as Generalized Correlations (GCs). These GCs were validated by applying them to five other locations and comparing the generated results with measured results for those locations (validation dataset). The best model among GCs were found as GC8 which was, then applied to compute DF for five more locations for which short term (8 months) measured data was also available and thus a reasonable comparison could be made. Results showed that (1) new models were better than literature models, (2) GCs correlations were found in good agreement and (3) 2nd degree multivariate polynomial models are the best performance models with minimum errors e.g. Mean Absolute Biased Error (MABE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Sum of Square of Relative Error (SSRE) and Standard Relative Error (SRE) for GC8 were estimated as 0.018, 6.397, 0.021, 0.006 and 0.022 respectively (all values for Karachi).
Calibration of an Accelerometer Activity Index Among Older Women and Its Association With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Authors: Wang Guangxing , Wu Sixuan , Evenson Kelly R. , Kang Ilsuk , LaMonte Michael J. , Bellettiere John , Lee I-Min , Howard Annie Green , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Di Chongzhi 
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Traditional summary metrics provided by accelerometer device manufacturers, known as counts, are proprietary and manufacturer specific, making it difficult to compare studies using different devices. Alternative summary metrics based on raw accelerometry data have been introduced in recent years. However, they were often not calibrated on ground truth measures of activity-related energy expenditure for direct translation into continuous activity intensity levels. Our purpose is to calibrate, derive, and validate thresholds among women 60 years and older based on a recently proposed transparent raw data-based accelerometer activity index (AAI) and to demonstrate its application in association with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: We first built calibration equations for estimating metabolic equivalents continuously using AAI and personal characteristics using internal calibration data (N = 199). We then derived AAI cutpoints to classify epochs into sedentary behavior and physical activity intensity categories. The AAI cutpoints were applied to 4,655 data units in the main study. We then utilized linear models to investigate associations of AAI sedentary behavior and physical activity intensity with cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: We found that AAI demonstrated great predictive accuracy for estimating metabolic equivalents (R2 = .74). AAI-Based physical activity measures were associated in the expected directions with body mass index, blood glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusion: The calibration framework for AAI and the cutpoints derived for women older than 60 years can be applied to ongoing epidemiologic studies to more accurately define sedentary behavior and physical activity intensity exposures, which could improve accuracy of estimated associations with health outcomes.
Barriers and facilitators regarding the implementation of policies and programmes aimed at reducing adolescent pregnancy in Ghana: an exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Perry Lin , Brooks Fiona , Kang Melissa 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThis study explored the perceived barriers and facilitators regarding the implementation of policies and programmes aimed at reducing adolescent pregnancy among health and education professionals (‘professionals’), grassroots workers and adolescent girls in Ghana.Design and settingWe employed an exploratory qualitative study design involving interviews with professionals, grassroots workers and adolescent girls in the Central Region of Ghana.ParticipantsThis study involved 15 professionals employed in government or non-governmental organisations, 15 grassroots workers and 51 pregnant/parenting and non-pregnant adolescent girls.Data analysisThematic analysis was conducted deductively using the ecological framework for understanding effective implementation.ResultsEighteen themes mapped to the five domains of the ecological framework emerged. Perceived barriers included gender inequality, family poverty, stigma, community support for early childbearing and cohabitation, inadequate data systems, lack of collaboration between stakeholders and lack of political will. Effective implementation of community by-laws, youth involvement, use of available data, and collaboration and effective coordination between stakeholders were the perceived facilitators.ConclusionPolitical leaders and community members should be actively engaged in the implementation of adolescent sexual and reproductive health policies and programmes. Gender empowerment programmes such as education and training of adolescent girls should be implemented and strengthened at both the community and national levels. Community members should be sensitised on the negative effects of norms that support child marriage, gender-based violence and early childbearing.
Indomethacin-induced oxidative stress enhances death receptor 5 signaling and sensitizes tumor cells to adoptive T-cell therapy
Authors: Aboelella Nada S , Brandle Caitlin , Okoko Ogacheko , Gazi Md Yeashin , Ding Zhi-Chun , Xu Hongyan , Gorman Gregory , Bollag Roni , Davila Marco L , Bryan Locke J , Munn David H , Piazza Gary A , Zhou Gang 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundAdoptive cell therapy (ACT) using genetically modified T cells has evolved into a promising treatment option for patients with cancer. However, even for the best-studied and clinically validated CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, many patients face the challenge of lack of response or occurrence of relapse. There is increasing need to improve the efficacy of ACT so that durable, curative outcomes can be achieved in a broad patient population.MethodsHere, we investigated the impact of indomethacin (indo), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), on the efficacy of ACT in multiple preclinical models. Mice with established B-cell lymphoma received various combinations of preconditioning chemotherapy, infusion of suboptimal dose of tumor-reactive T cells, and indo administration. Donor T cells used in the ACT models included CD4+T cells expressing a tumor-specific T cell receptor (TCR) and T cells engineered to express CD19CAR. Mice were monitored for tumor growth and survival. The effects of indo on donor T cell phenotype and function were evaluated. The molecular mechanisms by which indo may influence the outcome of ACT were investigated.ResultsACT coupled with indo administration led to improved tumor growth control and prolonged mouse survival. Indo did not affect the activation status and tumor infiltration of the donor T cells. Moreover, the beneficial effect of indo in ACT did not rely on its inhibitory effect on the immunosuppressive cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) axis. Instead, indo-induced oxidative stress boosted the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) in tumor cells, rendering them susceptible to donor T cells expressing TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Furthermore, the ACT-potentiating effect of indo was diminished against DR5-deficient tumors, but was amplified by donor T cells engineered to overexpress TRAIL.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that the pro-oxidative property of indo can be exploited to enhance death receptor signaling in cancer cells, providing rationale for combining indo with genetically modified T cells to intensify tumor cell killing through the TRAIL-DR5 axis. These findings implicate indo administration, and potentially similar use of other NSAIDs, as a readily applicable and cost-effective approach to augment the efficacy of ACT.
Overtransfusion of packed red blood cells during massive transfusion activation: a potential quality metric for trauma resuscitation
Authors: Barmparas Galinos , Huang Raymond , Lee William G , Hashim Yassar M , Pepkowitz Samuel H , Klapper Ellen B , Margulies Daniel R 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to explore the incidence of overtransfusion in trauma patients requiring massive transfusion protocol (MTP) activation and identify modifiable risk factors. We hypothesized that overtransfusion is common after MTP activation.MethodsPatients admitted to a level I trauma center from July 2016 to December 2019 and who required MTP activation were selected. The primary outcome was overtransfusion, defined as a hemoglobin (Hg) ≥11 g/dL at 24 hours (±2 hours). A Cox regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for overtransfusion.Results140 patients met inclusion criteria. The median age was 39.0 years, with the majority (74.3%) being male. The median (IQR) Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 24.0 (58.0) and 38.4% had a penetrating mechanism. The median (IQR) admission Hg was 12.6 (11.7) g/dL. Overall, 71.4% of patients were overtransfused by the conclusion of MTP, 43.6% 24 hours later, and 29.5% at discharge. Overtransfusion did not correlate with the number of units of blood transfused nor with the duration of MTP. Overtransfused patients at 24 hours after the conclusion of MTP were significantly more likely to present with a penetrating injury (52.5% vs. 27.3%, p=0.003) and have a significantly lower ISS (median (IQR) 18.5 (44.0) vs. 26.0 (58.0), p=0.035.) In a Cox regression model, penetrating mechanism (adjusted HR (AHR): 2.93; adjusted p=0.004) and admission base excess (BE) (AHR: 1.15; adjusted p=0.001) were the only variables independently associated with overtransfusion.ConclusionsOvertransfusion of trauma patients requiring MTP activation is highly common, leading to overutilization of a limited resource. Penetrating trauma and BE may be modifiable risk factors that can help limit overtransfusion. Overtransfusion should be tracked as a data point by blood banks and trauma centers and be further studied as a potential quality metric for the resuscitation of massively transfused trauma patients.Level of evidenceIII.
Higher-derivative field redefinitions in the presence of boundary
Authors: Garousi Mohammad R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecently it has been proposed that the consistency with T-duality requires the effective action of string theory at order $$\alpha '^n$$

α

′
n

to satisfy the least action principle provided that the values of the massless fields and their derivatives up to order n are known on the boundary. In this paper we speculate that this boundary condition constrains the field redefinitions and the corrections to the T-duality transformations in the presence of boundary, e.g., at order $$\alpha '$$

α
′

, the metric does not change, and all other massless fields should change to include only the first derivative of the massless fields. Using the above restricted field redefinitions, we write all gauge invariant bulk and boundary couplings in the bosonic string theory at order $$\alpha '$$

α
′

in a minimal scheme. Then using the assumption that the effective action of string theory at the critical dimension is background independent, we fix the coefficients of the tree-level gauge invariant couplings by imposing O(1, 1) symmetry when the background has a circle and by imposing O(d, d) symmetry when the background has $$T^d$$

T
d

. These constraints fix the bulk action up to an overall factor, and the boundary action up to two parameters. By requiring the gravity couplings in the boundary action to be consistent with those in the Chern-Simons gravity, the two boundary parameters are also fixed. Up to a restricted field redefinition, the bulk and boundary couplings are exactly those in the K.A. Meissner action and its corresponding boundary action.
Frobenius objects in the category of spans
Authors: Contreras Ivan , Keller Molly , Mehta Rajan Amit 
Published: July 2022

We consider Frobenius objects in the category Span, where the objects are sets and the morphisms are isomorphism classes of spans of sets. We show that such structures are in correspondence with data that can be characterized in terms of simplicial sets. An interesting class of examples comes from groupoids. Our primary motivation is that Span can be viewed as a set-theoretic model for the symplectic category, and thus Frobenius objects in Span provide set-theoretic models for classical topological field theories. The paper includes an explanation of this relationship. Given a finite commutative Frobenius object in Span, one can obtain invariants of closed surfaces with values in the natural numbers. We explicitly compute these invariants in several examples, including examples arising from abelian groups.
Biosynthesis, characterization and nonlinear optical response of spherical flake-shaped copper oxide nanostructures
Authors: Sumantha H. S. , Suresha B. L. 
Published: July 2022

The copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized via solution combustion approach with Bengal gram powder as a fuel. The XRD analysis confirms the monoclinic structure of CuO NPs. FT-IR spectrum reveals the formation of CuO NPs. SEM studies show that the NPs are nearly spherical, and the elemental composition was confirmed by EDAX. The absorption spectra revealed a direct optical band gap of 1.50[Formula: see text]eV. DFT calculations were performed to determine the HOMO–LUMO energy bandgap and found to be 1.72[Formula: see text]eV, which is in good agreement with the experimental value. The Z-scan technique was used to investigate the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics using DPSS continuous wave laser (532[Formula: see text]nm, 200[Formula: see text]mW). A high reverse saturation absorption and negative nonlinear refractions were observed. Third-order NLO parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were found to be [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm/W, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm2/W and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]esu, respectively. The CuO NPs also displayed strong optical limiting behavior with a limiting threshold of 2.11[Formula: see text]kW/cm2.
Residue pattern for infinitely many primes
Authors: Karthick Babu C. G. , Mukhopadhyay Anirban , Sankaranarayanan A. 
Published: July 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a nonempty finite subset of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be an arbitrary map (choice of signs for [Formula: see text]). We will say that [Formula: see text] has residue pattern [Formula: see text] modulo [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the Legendre symbol mod [Formula: see text]. For a given nonempty finite subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with a choice of signs [Formula: see text] and a real number [Formula: see text], we obtain an asymptotic formula for the number of primes [Formula: see text] of the form [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] has residue pattern [Formula: see text] modulo [Formula: see text] which also satisfies [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] are integers with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. For an irrational [Formula: see text] and a real [Formula: see text], we also obtain an asymptotic formula for the same but primes [Formula: see text] of the form [Formula: see text] under certain assumption on [Formula: see text].