bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping and Scaling of In Situ Above Ground Biomass to Regional Extent With SAR in the Great Slave Region
Authors: Kraatz S. , Bourgeau‐Chavez L. , Battaglia M. , Poley A. , Siqueira P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGlobal forests are increasingly threatened by disturbance events such as wildfire. Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) missions at L‐ (or P‐) band, such as the upcoming NASA ISRO SAR (NISAR), have great potential to advance global mapping of above‐ground biomass (AGB). AGB mapping with SAR is challenging due to lack of available L‐ or P‐ band data, and because SAR data are sensitive to confounding factors such as hydrology and terrain. This study uses recently collected AGB validation site data (AGBV) to produce a 1 ha biomass map about the Great Slave Lake in Canada using SAR data, and reports on NISAR's anticipated performance. This study addresses errors inherent to the representativeness of AGBVs with coarser grid/landscape scale processes by evaluating model performance as data are aggregated over increasingly larger areas (AOAs). Air and spaceborne SAR data were found to be interoperable after processing them according to analysis ready data specifications, improving data availability. Owing to poor model performance at two AGBVs, root‐mean‐square errors (RMSEs) were ∼60 Mg/ha, irrespective of AOA. When instead using NISAR's more lenient assessment criteria, RMSEs decreased to 32, 15, and 21 Mg/ha for the small (∼0.1 ha), medium (∼3.5 ha), and large (∼14 ha) AOA. Thus, AGB mapping in this region appears to benefit significantly from coarser data aggregations than to be used by NISAR's. This approach is practical for identifying a suitable scale of correspondence between the AGBV and SAR data and the landscape‐scale processes and can substantially improve AGB mapping accuracy.
Three‐Dimensional Temperature Responses to Northward‐Moving Typhoons in the Shallow Stratified Yellow Sea in Summer
Authors: Liu Xingchuan , Zhai Fangguo , Yan Junjie , Gu Yanzhen , Wang Yucheng , Li Peiliang , Wu Kejian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCharacterized by a sharp thermocline and large cold‐water mass below, the Yellow Sea (YS) in summer is a shelf sea that is one of the most vulnerable to typhoons in the world. With observations and high‐resolution numerical simulations, we investigated the three‐dimensional temperature changes and underlying dynamics during the passage of Typhoon Bavi in August 2020, which was representative of northward‐moving typhoons in the eastern YS. Bavi's cyclonic strong winds caused intense turbulent mixing and Ekman divergence. The intense vertical mixing generated spatially coherent temperature cooling in the surface layer and partly caused temperature warming in the subsurface layer on both sides of the typhoon track. The largest surface cooling and subsurface warming both occurred on the right side of the typhoon track. Wind‐induced Ekman divergence generated two overturning circulation systems zonally across the YS, consisting of upper layer shoreward currents, coastal downwelling, lower layer seaward currents and upwelling on the typhoon track. Downwelling and seaward currents caused temperature warming below the thermocline, especially in the bottom layer. Upwelling shoaled the thermocline, resulting in subsurface cooling on the typhoon track. Additionally, Ekman divergence produced sea surface height minima on the typhoon track, causing strong southward barotropic currents to the left, which subsequently drove strong temperature cooling above the southern bottom slope of the South YS and fast southward movement of the YS Cold Water Mass. Further numerical experiments indicated that the magnitudes of the above changes increased with increasing maximum wind speeds and/or decreasing moving speeds of typhoons.
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 inhibits rat stem/progenitor Leydig cell development and regeneration via SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent signaling
Authors: Li Xiaoheng , Fang Yinghui , Chen Lanlan , Quan Hehua , Wang Yiyan , Ge Ren-Shan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is an important member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. BMP4 is expressed in the Leydig cell lineage. We hypothesized that BMP4 might regulate the development of stem/progenitor Leydig cells. The BMP4 receptors, BMPR1A, BMPR1B, and BMPR2 were found to be expressed in progenitor Leydig cells of prepubertal testis and isolated cells. BMP4 at 1 and 10 ng/mL significantly reduced androgen production and down-regulated steroidogenesis-related gene and protein expression possibly by activating the SMAD signaling pathway (increasing SMAD1/5 phosphorylation and SMAD4) at 24 h treatment. BMP4 at 0.1 ng/mL and higher concentrations markedly reduced the EdU labeling index of CD90+stem Leydig cells after 24 h treatment and significantly reduced the number of EdU+stem Leydig cells on the surface of seminiferous tubules after 7 days of culture. BMP4 at 0.01 ng/mL and higher concentrations significantly blocked the differentiation of stem Leydig cells into adult cells, as shown by the reduction of testosterone secretion and the downregulation ofLhcgr, Scarb1, Cyp11a1, Hsd11b1, andInsl3and their function after 3D seminiferous tubule culture for 3 weeks, and this effect was reversed by co-treatment with the BMP4 antagonists noggin and doxomorphine. In addition, BMP4 also blocked stem Leydig cell differentiation through SMAD-independent signaling pathways (ERK1/2 and AMPK). Ethanedimethane sulfonate (EDS) single injection can result in reduction of testosterone, restoration can happen post treatment. In an in vivo model of Leydig cell regeneration following EDS treatment, intratesticular injection of BMP4 from day 14 to day 28 post-elimination significantly reduced serum testosterone levels and down-regulated the expression ofScarb1, Star, Hsd11b1,andInsl3and its proteins, possibly through SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent (ERK1/2 and AMPK) signaling pathways. In conclusion, BMP4 is expressed in cells of the Leydig cell lineage and blocks entry of stem/progenitor Leydig cells into adult Leydig cells through SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent signaling pathways.
Epigenetic priming of immune/inflammatory pathways activation and abnormal activity of cell cycle pathway in a perinatal model of white matter injury
Authors: Schang Anne-Laure , Van Steenwinckel Juliette , Ioannidou Zoi S. , Lipecki Julia , Rich-Griffin Charlotte , Woolley-Allen Kate , Dyer Nigel , Le Charpentier Tifenn , Schäfer Patrick , Fleiss Bobbi , Ott Sascha , Sabéran-Djoneidi Délara , Mezger Valérie , Gressens Pierre 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrenatal inflammatory insults accompany prematurity and provoke diffuse white matter injury (DWMI), which is associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental pathologies, including autism spectrum disorders. DWMI results from maturation arrest of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), a process that is poorly understood. Here, by using a validated mouse model of OPC maturation blockade, we provide the genome-wide ID card of the effects of neuroinflammation on OPCs that reveals the architecture of global cell fate issues underlining their maturation blockade. First, we find that, in OPCs, neuroinflammation takes advantage of a primed epigenomic landscape and induces abnormal overexpression of genes of the immune/inflammatory pathways: these genes strikingly exhibit accessible chromatin conformation in uninflamed OPCs, which correlates with their developmental, stage-dependent expression, along their normal maturation trajectory, as well as their abnormal upregulation upon neuroinflammation. Consistently, we observe the positioning on DNA of key transcription factors of the immune/inflammatory pathways (IRFs, NFkB), in both unstressed and inflamed OPCs. Second, we show that, in addition to the general perturbation of the myelination program, neuroinflammation counteracts the physiological downregulation of the cell cycle pathway in maturing OPCs. Neuroinflammation therefore perturbs cell identity in maturing OPCs, in a global manner. Moreover, based on our unraveling of the activity of genes of the immune/inflammatory pathways in prenatal uninflamed OPCs, the mere suppression of these proinflammatory mediators, as currently proposed in the field, may not be considered as a valid neurotherapeutic strategy.
Green synthesis of propylene oxide directly from propane
Authors: Kube Pierre , Dong Jinhu , Bastardo Nuria Sánchez , Ruland Holger , Schlögl Robert , Margraf Johannes T. , Reuter Karsten , Trunschke Annette 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe chemical industry faces the challenge of bringing emissions of climate-damaging CO2 to zero. However, the synthesis of important intermediates, such as olefins or epoxides, is still associated with the release of large amounts of greenhouse gases. This is due to both a high energy input for many process steps and insufficient selectivity of the underlying catalyzed reactions. Surprisingly, we find that in the oxidation of propane at elevated temperature over apparently inert materials such as boron nitride and silicon dioxide not only propylene but also significant amounts of propylene oxide are formed, with unexpectedly small amounts of CO2. Process simulations reveal that the combined synthesis of these two important chemical building blocks is technologically feasible. Our discovery leads the ways towards an environmentally friendly production of propylene oxide and propylene in one step. We demonstrate that complex catalyst development is not necessary for this reaction.
AMPKα2 controls the anti-atherosclerotic effects of fish oils by modulating the SUMOylation of GPR120
Authors: Yan Cheng-hui , Liu Hai-Wei , Tian Xiao-xiang , Li Jiayin , Ding Ye , Li Yi , Mei Zhu , Zou Ming-Hui , Han Ya-ling 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConsuming fish oils (FO) is linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in certain populations. However, FO failed to exhibit therapeutic effects in some patients with cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine the possible reasons for the inconsistent effects of FO. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2 is an important energy metabolic sensor, which was reported to involve in FO mediated regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. In an in vivo study, FO administration significantly reduced the aortic lesions and inflammation in the Ldlr−/− mouse model of atherosclerosis, but not in Ldlr−/−/Prkaa2−/−and Ldlr−/−/Prkaa2−/−Sm22Cre mice. Mechanistically, inactivation of AMPKα2 increased the SUMOylation of the fatty acid receptor GPR120 to block FO-induced internalization and binding to β-arrestin. In contrast, activation of AMPKα2 can phosphorylate the C-MYC at Serine 67 to inhibit its trans-localization into the nuclei and transcription of SUMO-conjugating E2 enzyme UBC9 and SUMO2/3 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which result in GPR120 SUMOylation. In human arteries, AMPKα2 levels were inversely correlated with UBC9 expression. In a cohort of patients with atherosclerosis, FO concentrations did not correlate with atherosclerotic severity, however, in a subgroup analysis a negative correlation between FO concentrations and atherosclerotic severity was found in patients with higher AMPKα2 levels. These data indicate that AMPKα2 is required for the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects of FO.
The burden of heatwave-related preterm births and associated human capital losses in China
Authors: Zhang Yali , Hajat Shakoor , Zhao Liang , Chen Huiqi , Cheng Liangliang , Ren Meng , Gu Kuiying , Ji John S. , Liang Wannian , Huang Cunrui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFrequent heatwaves under global warming can increase the risk of preterm birth (PTB), which in turn will affect physical health and human potential over the life course. However, what remains unknown is the extent to which anthropogenic climate change has contributed to such burdens. We combine health impact and economic assessment methods to comprehensively evaluate the entire heatwave-related PTB burden in dimensions of health, human capital and economic costs. Here, we show that during 2010-2020, an average of 13,262 (95%CI 6,962-18,802) PTBs occurred annually due to heatwave exposure in China. In simulated scenarios, 25.8% (95%CI 17.1%-34.5%) of heatwave-related PTBs per year on average can be attributed to anthropogenic climate change, which further result in substantial human capital losses, estimated at over $1 billion costs. Our findings will provide additional impetus for introducing more stringent climate mitigation policies and also call for more sufficient adaptations to reduce heatwave detriments to newborn.
Clustering of single-cell multi-omics data with a multimodal deep learning method
Authors: Lin Xiang , Tian Tian , Wei Zhi , Hakonarson Hakon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSingle-cell multimodal sequencing technologies are developed to simultaneously profile different modalities of data in the same cell. It provides a unique opportunity to jointly analyze multimodal data at the single-cell level for the identification of distinct cell types. A correct clustering result is essential for the downstream complex biological functional studies. However, combining different data sources for clustering analysis of single-cell multimodal data remains a statistical and computational challenge. Here, we develop a novel multimodal deep learning method, scMDC, for single-cell multi-omics data clustering analysis. scMDC is an end-to-end deep model that explicitly characterizes different data sources and jointly learns latent features of deep embedding for clustering analysis. Extensive simulation and real-data experiments reveal that scMDC outperforms existing single-cell single-modal and multimodal clustering methods on different single-cell multimodal datasets. The linear scalability of running time makes scMDC a promising method for analyzing large multimodal datasets.
The sound of a Martian dust devil
Authors: Murdoch N. , Stott A. E. , Gillier M. , Hueso R. , Lemmon M. , Martinez G. , Apéstigue V. , Toledo D. , Lorenz R. D. , Chide B. , Munguira A. , Sánchez-Lavega A. , Vicente-Retortillo A. , Newman C. E. , Maurice S. , de la Torre Juárez M. , Bertrand T. , Banfield D. , Navarro S. , Marin M. , Torres J. , Gomez-Elvira J. , Jacob X. , Cadu A. , Sournac A. , Rodriguez-Manfredi J. A. , Wiens R. C. , Mimoun D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDust devils (convective vortices loaded with dust) are common at the surface of Mars, particularly at Jezero crater, the landing site of the Perseverance rover. They are indicators of atmospheric turbulence and are an important lifting mechanism for the Martian dust cycle. Improving our understanding of dust lifting and atmospheric transport is key for accurate simulation of the dust cycle and for the prediction of dust storms, in addition to being important for future space exploration as grain impacts are implicated in the degradation of hardware on the surface of Mars. Here we describe the sound of a Martian dust devil as recorded by the SuperCam instrument on the Perseverance rover. The dust devil encounter was also simultaneously imaged by the Perseverance rover’s Navigation Camera and observed by several sensors in the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer instrument. Combining these unique multi-sensorial data with modelling, we show that the dust devil was around 25 m large, at least 118 m tall, and passed directly over the rover travelling at approximately 5 m s−1. Acoustic signals of grain impacts recorded during the vortex encounter provide quantitative information about the number density of particles in the vortex. The sound of a Martian dust devil was inaccessible until SuperCam microphone recordings. This chance dust devil encounter demonstrates the potential of acoustic data for resolving the rapid wind structure of the Martian atmosphere and for directly quantifying wind-blown grain fluxes on Mars.
Spatial transcriptomics landscape of lesions from non-communicable inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: Schäbitz A. , Hillig C. , Mubarak M. , Jargosch M. , Farnoud A. , Scala E. , Kurzen N. , Pilz A. C. , Bhalla N. , Thomas J. , Stahle M. , Biedermann T. , Schmidt-Weber C. B. , Theis F. , Garzorz-Stark N. , Eyerich K. , Menden M. P. , Eyerich S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAbundant heterogeneous immune cells infiltrate lesions in chronic inflammatory diseases and characterization of these cells is needed to distinguish disease-promoting from bystander immune cells. Here, we investigate the landscape of non-communicable inflammatory skin diseases (ncISD) by spatial transcriptomics resulting in a large repository of 62,000 spatially defined human cutaneous transcriptomes from 31 patients. Despite the expected immune cell infiltration, we observe rather low numbers of pathogenic disease promoting cytokine transcripts (IFNG, IL13 and IL17A), i.e. >125 times less compared to the mean expression of all other genes over lesional skin sections. Nevertheless, cytokine expression is limited to lesional skin and presented in a disease-specific pattern. Leveraging a density-based spatial clustering method, we identify specific responder gene signatures in direct proximity of cytokines, and confirm that detected cytokine transcripts initiate amplification cascades of up to thousands of specific responder transcripts forming localized epidermal clusters. Thus, within the abundant and heterogeneous infiltrates of ncISD, only a low number of cytokine transcripts and their translated proteins promote disease by initiating an inflammatory amplification cascade in their local microenvironment.
Cell-type specific profiling of histone post-translational modifications in the adult mouse striatum
Authors: Carpenter Marco D. , Fischer Delaney K. , Zhang Shuo , Bond Allison M. , Czarnecki Kyle S. , Woolf Morgan T. , Song Hongjun , Heller Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEpigenetic gene regulation in the heterogeneous brain remains challenging to decipher with current strategies. Bulk tissue analysis from pooled subjects reflects the average of cell-type specific changes across cell-types and individuals, which obscures causal relationships between epigenetic modifications, regulation of gene expression, and complex pathology. To address these limitations, we optimized a hybrid protocol, ICuRuS, for the isolation of nuclei tagged in specific cell-types and histone post translational modification profiling from the striatum of a single mouse. We combined affinity-based isolation of the medium spiny neuron subtypes, Adenosine 2a Receptor or Dopamine Receptor D1, with cleavage of histone-DNA complexes using an antibody-targeted micrococcal nuclease to release DNA complexes for paired end sequencing. Unlike fluorescence activated cell sorting paired with chromatin immunoprecipitation, ICuRuS allowed for robust epigenetic profiling at cell-type specific resolution. Our analysis provides a framework to understand combinatorial relationships between neuronal-subtype-specific epigenetic modifications and gene expression.
Ultrafast, autonomous self-healable iontronic skin exhibiting piezo-ionic dynamics
Authors: Boahen Elvis K. , Pan Baohai , Kweon Hyukmin , Kim Joo Sung , Choi Hanbin , Kong Zhengyang , Kim Dong Jun , Zhu Jin , Ying Wu Bin , Lee Kyung Jin , Kim Do Hwan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe self-healing properties and ionic sensing capabilities of the human skin offer inspiring groundwork for the designs of stretchable iontronic skins. However, from electronic to ionic mechanosensitive skins, simultaneously achieving autonomously superior self-healing properties, superior elasticity, and effective control of ion dynamics in a homogeneous system is rarely feasible. Here, we report a Cl-functionalized iontronic pressure sensitive material (CLiPS), designed via the introduction of Cl-functionalized groups into a polyurethane matrix, which realizes an ultrafast, autonomous self-healing speed (4.3 µm/min), high self-healing efficiency (91% within 60 min), and mechanosensitive piezo-ionic dynamics. This strategy promotes both an excellent elastic recovery (100%) and effective control of ion dynamics because the Cl groups trap the ions in the system via ion-dipole interactions, resulting in excellent pressure sensitivity (7.36 kPa−1) for tactile sensors. The skin-like sensor responds to pressure variations, demonstrating its potential for touch modulation in future wearable electronics and human–machine interfaces.
Circular polarized light-dependent anomalous photovoltaic effect from achiral hybrid perovskites
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Bie Jie , Ji Chengmin , Zhang Xinyuan , Li Lina , Liu Xitao , Huang Xiao-Ying , Fa Wei , Chen Shuang , Luo Junhua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCircular polarized light-dependent anomalous bulk photovoltaic effect - a steady anomalous photovoltaic current can be manipulated by changing the light helicity, is an increasingly interesting topic in contexts ranging from physics to chemistry. Herein, circular polarized light-dependent anomalous bulk photovoltaic effect is presented in achiral hybrid perovskites, (4-AMP)BiI5 (ABI, 4-AMP is 4-(aminomethyl)piperidinium), breaking conventional realization that it can only happen in chiral species. Achiral hybrid perovskite ABI crystallizes in chiroptical-active asymmetric point group m (Cs), showing an anomalous bulk photovoltaic effect with giant photovoltage of 25 V, as well as strong circular polarized light - sensitive properties. Significantly, conspicuous circular polarized light-dependent anomalous bulk photovoltaic effect is reflected in the large degree of dependence of anomalous bulk photovoltaic effect on left-and right-CPL helicity, which is associated with left and right-handed screw optical axes of ABI. Such degree of dependence is demonstrated by a large asymmetry factor of 0.24, which almost falls around the highest value of hybrid perovskites. These unprecedented results may provide a perspective to develop opto-spintronic functionalities in hybrid perovskites.
Atomic fluctuations lifting the energy degeneracy in Si/SiGe quantum dots
Authors: Paquelet Wuetz Brian , Losert Merritt P. , Koelling Sebastian , Stehouwer Lucas E. A. , Zwerver Anne-Marije J. , Philips Stephan G. J. , Mądzik Mateusz T. , Xue Xiao , Zheng Guoji , Lodari Mario , Amitonov Sergey V. , Samkharadze Nodar , Sammak Amir , Vandersypen Lieven M. K. , Rahman Rajib , Coppersmith Susan N. , Moutanabbir Oussama , Friesen Mark , Scappucci Giordano 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElectron spins in Si/SiGe quantum wells suffer from nearly degenerate conduction band valleys, which compete with the spin degree of freedom in the formation of qubits. Despite attempts to enhance the valley energy splitting deterministically, by engineering a sharp interface, valley splitting fluctuations remain a serious problem for qubit uniformity, needed to scale up to large quantum processors. Here, we elucidate and statistically predict the valley splitting by the holistic integration of 3D atomic-level properties, theory and transport. We find that the concentration fluctuations of Si and Ge atoms within the 3D landscape of Si/SiGe interfaces can explain the observed large spread of valley splitting from measurements on many quantum dot devices. Against the prevailing belief, we propose to boost these random alloy composition fluctuations by incorporating Ge atoms in the Si quantum well to statistically enhance valley splitting.