bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2021 European guideline on the management of Mycoplasma genitalium infections
Authors: Jensen J.S. , Cusini M. , Gomberg M. , Moi H. , Wilson J. , Unemo M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMycoplasma genitalium infection contributes to 10–35% of non‐chlamydial non‐gonococcal urethritis in men. In women, M. genitalium is associated with cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in 10–25%. Transmission of M. genitalium occurs through direct mucosal contact.Clinical features and diagnostic testsAsymptomatic infections are frequent. In men, urethritis, dysuria and discharge predominate. In women, symptoms include vaginal discharge, dysuria or symptoms of PID – abdominal pain and dyspareunia. Symptoms are the main indication for diagnostic testing. Diagnosis is achievable only through nucleic acid amplification testing and must include investigation for macrolide resistance mutations.TherapyTherapy for M .genitalium is indicated if M. genitalium is detected.Doxycycline has a cure rate of 30–40%, but resistance is not increasing. Azithromycin has a cure rate of 85–95% in macrolide‐susceptible infections. An extended course of azithromycin appears to have a higher cure rate, and pre‐treatment with doxycycline may decrease organism load and the risk of macrolide resistance selection. Moxifloxacin can be used as second‐line therapy but resistance is increasing.Recommended treatmentUncomplicated M. genitalium infection without macrolide resistance mutations or resistance testing:Azithromycin 500 mg on day one, then 250 mg on days 2–5 (oral).Second‐line treatment and treatment for uncomplicated macrolide‐resistant M. genitalium infection:Moxifloxacin 400 mg od for 7 days (oral).Third‐line treatment for persistent M. genitalium infection after azithromycin and moxifloxacin:Doxycycline or minocycline 100 mg bid for 14 days (oral) may cure 40–70%.Pristinamycin 1 g qid for 10 days (oral) has a cure rate of around 75%.Complicated M. genitalium infection (PID, epididymitis):Moxifloxacin 400 mg od for 14 days.Main changes from the 2016 European M. genitalium guidelineDue to increasing antimicrobial resistance and warnings against moxifloxacin use, indications for testing and treatment have been narrowed to primarily involve symptomatic patients. The importance of macrolide resistance‐guided therapy is emphasised.
microRNA (miR‐KT‐635) encoded by Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 regulates the viral replication with targeting to the ORF23
Authors: Chen Qikang , Luo Yang , Fu Yan , Feng Zizhao , Lu Liqun , Jiang Yousheng , Xu Dan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerpesviruses have been reported to be able to encode and express functional viral microRNAs that target both viral and cellular transcripts. In our previous studies, we found a new miRNA miR‐KT‐635 encoded by Cyprinid herpesvirus 2, which is predicted to target viral genes and cellular genes involved in innate immune signalling pathway and apoptosis. However, the function and target gene of miR‐KT‐635 are not proved. In this study, the regulating target gene of miR‐KT‐635 was proved as the viral gene ORF23 directly, the target point sequence on gene was verified and miR‐KT‐635 was identified to regulate the expression of ORF23 protein. According to the bioinformatics analysis, the tRNA domain and ribosome domain in the protein sequence of ORF23 were found to share high homology with R2i and P53R2i, which are related to the ribonucleotide reductase small subunit in the host (transform NTP to dNTP). Within expectations, silencing of viral ORF23 or transfecting miR‐KT‐635 mimics in Carassius auratus gibelio caudal fin cell line (GiCF) could suppress viral propagation significantly.
Multidrug resistance of Escherichia coli in fish supply chain: A preliminary investigation
Authors: Kusunur Ahamed Basha , Kuraganti George Kamal , Mogilipuri Shanmukha Sai , Vaiyapuri Murugadas , Narayanan Sreejith Viyyokkaran , Badireddy Madhusudana Rao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNinety‐five Escherichia coli isolates recovered from different supply points of freshwater fish namely fish pond (W1, n = 16), wholesale fish market (W2, n = 14), retail fish market (R1, n = 29), street fish vending unit (R2, n = 30), and modern fish vending unit (R3, n = 6) were investigated for antimicrobial‐resistant profile and prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant genes. Overall, multidrug‐resistant (MDR) E. coli in the fish supply chain was 21% with higher MDR incidence in the downstream fish supply points. MDR was relatively higher in the tertiary fish supply points viz., retail fish market (45%), street fish vending unit (30%), and modern fish vending unit (15%) compared to the secondary fish supply point, that is, wholesale fish market (5%) and primary fish supply point, that is, fish pond (5%). All the ampicillin‐resistant isolates carried ampC gene, whereas only 21% of the β‐lactam resistant isolates carried blaCTX‐M‐gp1. The tetracycline resistance determinant, tetA (89%) was predominant in the tetracycline‐resistant isolates compared to tetB and tetD (11%). The trimethoprim resistance gene, dfrA and sulfonamide‐resistance gene, Sul1 were detected in 9% of the trimethoprim‐resistant isolates and 9% of the sulfonamide‐resistant isolates, respectively. Enterobacterial repetitive intergeneric consensus‐PCR has delineated the MDR isolates from the different fish supply points into three major clusters but all the MDR isolates from the street fish vending point are grouped into a single cluster. The results indicate an increase in the proportion of MDR E. coli and the occurrence of diverse MDR profiles in the downstream points of the fish supply chain that needs to be addressed to avoid fish‐food‐borne antimicrobial resistance.
Equilibrium Yield Curve, the Phillips Curve, and Monetary Policy
Authors: KATAGIRI MITSURU 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUpward‐sloping yield curves are hard to reconcile with the positive relationship between income and inflation (the Phillips curve) in consumption‐based asset pricing models. Using the U.S. and the UK data, this paper shows inflation is negatively correlated with long‐run income growth but positively correlated with cyclical income, thus enabling the model to replicate positive and sizable term premiums, along with the Phillips curve over business cycles. According to the model, a permanently low‐growth and low‐inflation environment would precipitate flatter yield curves due to constraints to monetary policy around the zero lower bound.
Efficacy and safety of 5% glycolic acid‐based Gel essence in the treatment of mild to moderate acne
Authors: Chen Linjiao , Lu Lingling , Tu Shaozhong , Zhang Tao , Du Xianni , Chen Lifen , Zhang Milin , Li Lihao , Lin Huaner 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe efficacy and safety of commercial low‐concentration glycolic acid products on acne were evaluated by recruiting volunteers accompanying mild to moderate acne of different ages and genders, which is a clinical practice for acne. We recruited a total of 30 volunteers according to the inclusion criteria, conducting clinical evaluation and skin physiological index testing, VISIA skin analysis, distributing products, and informing the trial method. Clinical testing and assessment will be carried out in weeks 0, 1, 2, and 4. 27 acne volunteers finished the entire trial. After 4 weeks of using low‐concentration glycolic acid products, most subjects experienced a significant improvement in their skin lesions and the GAGS score. At the same time, the VISIA test showed that the subjects had an obvious amelioration in facial porphyrins, which was statistically significant, and there was a slight improvement in residual spots and erythema. The skin physiological indexes showed that the skin hydration value increased from 236.2 ± 98.05 to 278.2 ± 90.26 after 14 days. At the end of the test, the skin hydration value dropped to 234.6 ± 81.88. Regarding the melanin and erythema, the value decreased in the 4th week significantly. Repeated use of 5% low‐concentration glycolic acid improves the appearance and chromaticity of the treatment site. It increases the brightness L* and reduces the redness a*. This study shows that low concentrations of glycolic acids have a good effect on the treatment of mild to moderate acne. It may pay the way to carry out further large‐scale clinical research.
Efficacy and adverse reactions of fractional CO2 laser for atrophic acne scars and related clinical factors: A retrospective study on 121 patients
Authors: Li Bingyan , Ren Kehui , Yin Xufeng , She Huihui , Liu Houfang , Zhou Bingrong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was performed to analyze the efficacy, adverse reactions of fractional CO2 laser for atrophic acne scars, and related clinical factors. Methods: The clinical data of 121 patients with atrophic acne scars treated with ultra‐pulsed fractional CO2 laser in the Cosmetic Dermatology from August 2014 to March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy and adverse reactions of atrophic acne scar after fractional CO2 laser therapy were statistically analyzed. The clinical factors related to efficacy and adverse reactions after the first therapy session were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 121 patients received 206 sessions of fractional CO2 laser therapy, with an average of 1.7 sessions. Moderate to excellent improvement rate reached 50.4% after the first session. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that rolling scars responded better to fractional CO2 laser treatment than icepick scars (OR = 7.3, 95% CI [1.2, 43.4], p = 0.029), and scar improvement was more significant in the high‐energy laser group than in the low‐energy laser group (OR = 10.9, 95% CI [1.1, 106.8], p = 0.041). The main adverse reactions after fractional laser surgery were pigmentation, skin sensitivity, persistent erythema, and acneiform eruption. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the longer the scar duration, the higher incidence of postoperative adverse reactions (OR = 1.3, 95% CI [1.1, 1.5], p = 0.008). Compared with icepick scars, rolling scars (OR = 10.4, 95% CI [2.3, 47.7], p = 0.003) and boxcar scars (OR = 12.0, 95% CI [3.3, 44.0], p < 0.001) had higher risk of developing adverse reactions. The incidence of postoperative adverse reactions was also higher in the combined mode group (DeepFX mode + ActiveFX mode) than in the single‐mode group (OR = 7.8, 95% CI [2.4, 25.5], p < 0.001). Conclusion: Fractional CO2 laser was effective in the treatment of atrophic acne scars, without serious adverse reactions. Scar type and laser energy were independent clinical factors affecting its efficacy. Scar course, scar type, and fractional laser mode were independent clinical factors affecting its adverse reactions.
Correlates of stigma for poststroke patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Chen , Hu Mingyue , Yang Tao , Shao Xinmei , Zheng Dongxiang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsA meta‐analysis was carried out to review and identify correlates of stigma in poststroke patients.BackgroundPatients suffer from impaired physical functions and sequelae of stroke. Stroke‐related stigma hinders the recovery process and produces poorer clinical outcomes of stroke, leading to compromised quality of life.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis was reported by following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.Review MethodsNine databases were searched from their inception to May 2021 to identify studies focused on the relationships among demographics, disease‐related factors, psychosocial factors and poststroke stigma. Included studies were assessed by using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) scale. The statistical software R studios were used to perform statistical analysis.ResultsNineteen studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Four demographic factors (age, caregiver, residence, monthly income), seven stroke‐related characteristics (type of stroke, mRS, ADLs, stroke duration, recurrence, sequelae, chronic disease comorbidity) and three psychosocial factors (depression, social support, quality of life) showed significant associations with stroke‐related stigma.ConclusionsThe results of our study can serve as a foundation for designing interventions to reduce stigma and improve the overall quality of life of poststroke patients and may produce positive clinical outcomes. Healthcare professionals should be aware of stroke patients who are characterised by correlates of stigma.Relevance to clinical practicePoststroke patients showed a moderate‐to‐high level of stigma, and this issue warrants more attention. This review provides a preliminary foundation for healthcare professionals to develop interventions to address stroke‐related stigma by focusing on demographic, disease‐related and psychosocial factors. Additionally, stigma identification should be a part of clinical nursing evaluation. The involvement of clinical and community nursing is very important to screen stroke‐related stigma and pay attention to this population.
Social change and relationship quality among sexual minority individuals: Does minority stress still matter?
Authors: Frost David M. , Fingerhut Adam W. , Meyer Ilan H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined whether positive changes in social attitudes and policies surrounding sexual minority relationships have translated to diminished deleterious effects of minority stress on relationship quality.BackgroundSexual minority emerging adults now come of age at a time of greater equality and acceptance than previous generations. Research has demonstrated consistent negative effects of stigma—theorized as minority stress—on relationship quality for sexual minority individuals. However, given the improving social climate, questions remain regarding whether minority stress has the same deleterious effects on the romantic relationships of sexual minority emerging adults.MethodFive‐hundred forty‐nine individuals in relationships drawn from a US national probability sample completed a survey containing validated measures of minority stressors and relationship satisfaction. Responses from emerging adults (aged 18–25) were compared to two cohorts who came of age during the HIV/AIDS crisis (aged 34–41) and post Stonewall (aged 52–59).ResultsEmerging adults were more satisfied with their relationships than older cohorts. Experiences of everyday discrimination were associated with decreased relationship satisfaction for all cohorts; however, felt stigma, stigma concealment, and internalized stigma were associated with lower relationship satisfaction for older but not younger cohorts.ConclusionFindings illustrate the continued but shifting role of minority stress and provide the first evidence that social and policy changes may have translated into more positive relationship experiences for sexual minority emerging adults.
Institutions matter: The impact of the covid‐19 pandemic on the political trust of young Europeans
Authors: Bottasso Anna , Cerruti Gianluca , Conti Maurizio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study the short‐run evolution of political trust during the recent covid‐19 pandemic using survey data for a sample of young individuals living in Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. In particular, we analyze whether pre‐pandemic perceptions and experiences of citizens about various dimensions of local governments and institutional quality had any mediating effect on the evolution of political trust after the outbreak of the covid‐19 pandemic. The results show a relative increase in political trust of about 9% in regions with high institutional quality (75th percentile) compared with regions with low institutional quality (25th percentile) over the period 2019−2020. This divergence can be associated with either a better performance of policymakers in high‐quality institutions regions, or to more positive attitudes toward politicians by citizens that, before the pandemic, believed to live in regions with efficient institutions. Overall results are not affected by the inclusion of regional fixed effects or by possible differential evolution of political trust according to a large set of observable regional characteristics.
Historical episodes and their legacies across space: A famous case revisited
Authors: Wyrwich Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is a growing amount of literature in economic geography showing that historical episodes can leave long‐lasting cultural and institutional legacies across space. For credibly identifying such persistent effects the analyses should not pick up trends preceding the respective episodes. Against this background, the paper re‐examines the famous case of the German division and reunification. The empirical focus is on the persistent mark‐up of women in work in East relative to West German regions that are often associated with legacy effects of the socialist regime that was in place in East Germany during the country's four decades of division. In contrast to the conventional wisdom in academia, policy, and the public, the current paper shows that the higher share of working women in East German regions is not due to a legacy of socialism. Female labor force participation was already remarkably higher in the East before the introduction of socialism. The general lesson is that any attempt to explain spatial variation in individual decision‐making by persisting institutional and cultural legacies of certain historical episodes needs to assess regional conditions predating these episodes.
Exclusive enteral nutrition: An optimal care pathway for use in children with active luminal Crohn's disease
Authors: Burgess Deirdre , McGrath Kathleen H , Watson Caitlin , Collins Tanya , Brown Stephanie , Marks Katie , Dehlsen Kate , Herbison Kim , Landorf Emma , Benn Laura , Fox Julia , Liew Ming 
Published: February 2022

AimExclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is recommended as a first‐line therapy for active luminal paediatric Crohn's disease, by many contemporary consensus guidelines. However, EEN protocols vary internationally. A key enabler for the use of EEN therapy has been identified as the standardisation of protocols. The aim of this study was to develop an optimal care pathway for use of EEN in children with active luminal Crohn's disease.MethodsA working group of 11 paediatric gastroenterology dietitians and one paediatric gastroenterologist from Australia and New Zealand was convened to develop a standard optimal care pathway. Seven key areas were identified; clinical indications, workup assessments, EEN prescription, monitoring, food reintroduction, partial enteral nutrition and maintenance enteral nutrition. Recent literature was reviewed, assessed according to the National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines, and consensus statements were developed and voted on. Consensus opinion was used where literature gaps existed.ResultsA total of nineteen consensus statements from the seven key areas were agreed upon. The consensus statements informed the optimal care pathway for children with active luminal undertaking EEN in Australia and New Zealand.ConclusionThis study developed an EEN optimal care pathway to facilitate standardisation of clinical care for children with active luminal Crohn's disease, and hopefully improve clinical outcomes and identify areas for future research.
Brokerage that works: Balanced triads and the brokerage roles that matter for innovation
Authors: Llopis Oscar , D'Este Pablo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA key premise in innovation literature suggests that individuals enabling contact between pairs of otherwise disconnected others (i.e., holding open triads) are more innovative, as they benefit from more opportunities for knowledge recombination. Such benefits also come with a cost, as conducting innovative action from open triads requires finding common ground to coordinate and integrate disparate knowledge and efforts from unconnected others. However, it is yet unclear which specific open triadic structures offer the greatest net value to facilitate individual innovativeness. We contribute to this debate by going beyond a homogeneous conceptualization of open triads, examining the relation between different brokerage roles and individual innovativeness. We theorize that some roles are more balanced than others in terms of access to knowledge novelty and integration costs. Specifically, we find that balanced open triads (gatekeepers and itinerant roles) are crucial to facilitate individual innovativeness, as compared to unbalanced open triads (coordinator and liaison roles). We also propose that brokers obtain the greatest innovation benefits from balanced open triads when they are embedded in institutional settings that are distant from knowledge applicability. We test our ideas through a large‐scale study of 1,010 biomedical scientists.
Assessment of glomerular filtration rate in patients with cirrhosis: Available tools and perspectives
Authors: Campion Daniela , Rizzi Felice , Bonetto Silvia , Giovo Ilaria , Roma Michele , Saracco Giorgio M. , Alessandria Carlo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRenal dysfunction often complicates the course of liver disease, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality. The accurate assessment of kidney function in these patients is essential to early identify, stage and treat renal impairment as well as to better predict the prognosis, prioritize the patients for liver transplantation and decide whether to opt for simultaneous liver–kidney transplants. This review analyses the available tools for direct or indirect assessment of glomerular filtration rate, focusing on the flaws and strengths of each method in the specific setting of cirrhosis. The aim is to deliver a clear‐cut view on this complex issue, trying to point out which strategies to prefer in this context, especially in the peculiar setting of liver transplantation. Moreover, a glance is given at future promising tools for glomerular filtration rate assessment, including new biomarkers and new equations specifically modelled for the cirrhotic population.
Population genetic structure of the malaria vector Anopheles fluviatilis species T (Diptera: Culicidae) in India
Authors: Lather Manila , Mallick Prashant K. , Sharma Divya , Kale Sonal , Dang Amita S. , Adak Tridibes , Singh Om P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAnopheles fluviatilis James (Diptera: Culicidae) represents a complex that comprises four sibling species (S, T, U, and V). Among these, species T is widely distributed in India. Chromosomal inversion polymorphism exists among different geographic populations of An. fluviatilis species T; however, population genetic structure is not understood. This study inferred a genetic structure among six geographically diverse populations of species T using a panel of microsatellite markers. Analyses indicated a significant but low genetic differentiation among the majority of the studied populations. A significant correlation was observed between genetic and geographic distances, exhibiting stepwise migration patterns among populations.
Con‐Ca2+‐tenating plant immune responses via calcium‐permeable cation channels
Authors: Kim Nak Hyun , Jacob Pierre , Dangl Jeffery L. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryCalcium serves as a second messenger in a variety of developmental and physiological processes and has long been identified as important for plant immune responses. We discuss recent discoveries regarding plant immune‐related calcium‐permeable channels and how the two intertwined branches of the plant immune system are intricately linked to one another through calcium signalling. Cell surface immune receptors carefully tap the immense calcium gradient that exists between apoplast and cytoplasm in a short burst via tightly regulated plasma membrane (PM)‐resident cation channels. Intracellular immune receptors form atypical calcium‐permeable cation channels at the PM and mediate a prolonged calcium influx, overcoming the deleterious influence of pathogen effectors and enhancing plant immune responses.