bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The need for larval source management accompanying urban development projects in malaria endemic areas: a case study on Bioko Island
Authors: García Guillermo A. , Fuseini Godwin , Donfack Olivier Tresor , Wofford Rachel N. , Nlang Jose Antonio Mba , Efiri Prudencio Bibang , Maye Valeriano Oluy Nsue , Weppelmann Thomas A. , Galick David , Phiri Wonder Philip , DeBoer Kylie , Smith Jordan M. , Eyono Jeremias Nzamio Mba , Rivas Matilde Riloha , Guerra Carlos A. , von Fricken Michael E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
In 2017, several new housing districts were constructed on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. This case study assessed the impact construction projects had on mosquito larval habitats and the effectiveness of larval source management in reducing malaria vector density within the surrounding area.

Methods
Anopheline larval presence was assessed at 11 new construction sites by the proportion of larval habitats containing Anopheline pupae and late instar larval stages. Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) larvicide was applied weekly to nine locations for 30 weeks, while two locations received no larvicide and acted as controls. Adult mosquito density was monitored via human landing collections in adjacent communities of six construction sites, including the two control sites.

Results
The sites that received Bti had significantly lower observation rates of both pupae (3.2% vs. 18.0%; p < 0.001) and late instar Anopheles spp. mosquitoes (14.1 vs. 43.6%; p < 0.001) compared to the two untreated sites. Anopheles spp. accounted for 67% of mosquitoes collected with human landing collections and were captured at significantly lower levels in communities adjacent to treated construction sites compared to untreated sites (p < 0.001), with an estimated 38% reduction in human biting rate (IRR: 0.62, 95% CI IRR: 0.55, 0.69). Seven months after the start of the study, untreated sites were treated due to ethical concerns given results from treatment sties, necessitating immediate Bti application. The following week, the number of habitats, the proportion of larval sites with Anopheles spp. pupae, late instars, and adult biting rates in adjacent communities to these sites all decreased to comparable levels across all sites.

Conclusion
Findings suggest larval source management represents an effective intervention to suppress mosquito populations during infrastructure development. Incorporating larval source management into ongoing and planned construction initiatives represents an opportunity to fine tune vector control in response to anthropogenetic changes. Ideally, this should become standard practice in malaria-endemic regions in order to reduce viable mosquito habitats that are common by-products of construction.
The history and current epidemiology of malaria in Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Sugiarto Sri Riyati , Baird J. Kevin , Singh Balbir , Elyazar Iqbal , Davis Timothy M. E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractKalimantan is a part of Indonesia, which occupies the southern three-quarters of the island of Borneo, sharing a border with the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak. Although most areas of Kalimantan have low and stable transmission ofPlasmodium falciparumandPlasmodium vivax, there are relatively high case numbers in the province of East Kalimantan. Two aspects of malaria endemicity in Kalimantan differentiate it from the rest of Indonesia, namely recent deforestation and potential exposure to the zoonotic malaria caused byPlasmodium knowlesithat occurs in relatively large numbers in adjacent Malaysian Borneo. In the present review, the history of malaria and its current epidemiology in Kalimantan are examined, including control and eradication efforts over the past two centuries, mosquito vector prevalence, anti-malarial use and parasite resistance, and the available data from case reports of knowlesi malaria and the presence of conditions which would support transmission of this zoonotic infection.
YKL-39 is an independent prognostic factor in gastric adenocarcinoma and is associated with tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and angiogenesis
Authors: Xue Ling , Chu Wei , Wan Fangsheng , Wu Pingfan , Zhao Xiaowen , Ma Linna , She Yali , Li Changtian , Li Yaling 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate. Angiogenesis is necessary for tumor infiltration and metastasis and affects patient prognosis. YKL-39 has monocyte chemotactic activity and pro-angiogenic activity in some tumors. In this study, we investigated the relationship between YKL-39 and tumor-associated macrophages and microangiogenesis in gastric cancer to determine its potential as a prognostic biomarker.

Materials and methods
A total of 119 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone gastrectomy at the 940th Hospital of the Joint Security Force between 2014 and 2018 were included in this study. We assayed the protein expression of YKL-39, CD68, and CD34 by immunohistochemistry in tissues of 119 patients with gastric cancer, as well as the intracellular expression of YKL-39 and CD68 by immunofluorescence. Data were analyzed with SPSS Statistics 25.0 to explore the impact of expression of YKL-39, CD68, and CD34 in gastric cancer patients and the relationship among them.

Results
Our results show that YKL-39 was expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of gastric cancer cells and tumor mesenchyme. YKL-39 protein expression was associated with the depth of tumor infiltration, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage; CD68 protein expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage; CD34 protein expression was not associated with clinicopathological characteristics. Expression of YKL-39 was positively correlated with CD68 and CD34 (p < 0.001), and high expression of YKL-39 was associated with poor prognosis (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
In gastric cancer, YKL-39 expression is positively correlated with the degree of tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and angiogenesis, and is a potential prognostic marker for gastric cancer.
PHLPP isoforms differentially regulate Akt isoforms and AS160 affecting neuronal insulin signaling and insulin resistance via Scribble
Authors: Sharma Medha , Dey Chinmoy Sankar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of the present study was to determine the role of individual PHLPP isoforms in insulin signaling and insulin resistance in neuronal cells.

Methods
PHLPP isoforms were either silenced or overexpressed individually, and the effects were observed on individual Akt isoforms, AS160 and on neuronal glucose uptake, under insulin sensitive and resistant conditions. To determine PHLPP regulation itself, we tested effect of scaffold protein, Scribble, on PHLPP isoforms and neuronal glucose uptake.

Results
We observed elevated expression of both PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 in insulin resistant neuronal cells (Neuro-2A, mouse neuroblastoma; SHSY-5Y, human neuroblastoma) as well as in the whole brain lysates of high-fat-diet mediated diabetic mice. In insulin sensitive condition, PHLPP isoforms differentially affected activation of all Akt isoforms, wherein PHLPP1 regulated serine phosphorylation of Akt2 and Akt3, while PHLPP2 regulated Akt1 and Akt3. This PHLPP mediated Akt isoform specific regulation activated AS160 affecting glucose uptake. Under insulin resistant condition, a similar trend of results were observed in Akt isoforms, AS160 and glucose uptake. Over-expressed PHLPP isoforms combined with elevated endogenous expression under insulin resistant condition drastically affected downstream signaling, reducing neuronal glucose uptake. No compensation was observed amongst PHLPP isoforms under all conditions tested, indicating independent roles and pointing towards possible scaffolding interactions behind isoform specificity. Silencing of Scribble, a scaffolding protein known to interact with PHLPP, affected cellular localization of both PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, and caused increase in glucose uptake.

Conclusions
PHLPP isoforms play independent roles via Scribble in regulating Akt isoforms differentially, affecting AS160 and neuronal glucose uptake.
Identification of MAP3K4 as a novel regulation factor of hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: He Zhiyong , Bin Yangyang , Chen Guangshun , Li Qiang , Fan Wenling , Ma Yongqiang , Yi Junfang , Luo Xiaohua , Tan Zhi , Li Jiequn 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder with abnormal lipid metabolism. The present study was to identify regulatory genes related to lipid droplets (LDs) abnormal accumulation in NAFLD.

Methods
transcriptomic analysis and bioinformatics analysis (GEO database) were used to identify potential genes in abnormal lipid metabolism of NAFLD. A candidate gene MAP3K4 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry staining in NAFLD and controls. RNA interference and immunoblotting were used to verify the roles of MAP3K4 in the formation of hepatic LDs.

Results
A total of 134 candidate genes were screened, including 44 up-regulated genes and 90 down-regulated genes. 29 genes in the protein–protein interaction (PPI) were selected as hub genes, including MAP3K4. The expression levels of MAP3K4 were positively correlated with NAFLD activity score (r = 0.702, p = 0.002). Furthermore, we found a positive correlation of MAP3K4 expression with serum total cholesterol (r = 0.564, p = 0.023), uric acid levels (r = 0.520, p = 0.039), and body mass index (r = 0.574, p = 0.020). Downregulation of MAP3K4 decreased LDs accumulation in HepG2 cells and reduced the expression of CGI-58 and Plin-2 by imbibition of JNK and group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activation.

Conclusion
The study revealed a number of regulatory genes related to hepatic lipid metabolism of NAFLD, and demonstrated that MAP3K4 played a pivotal role in the hepatic lipogenesis of NAFLD.
Age dependent contribution of entry via the CSF to the overall brain entry of small and large hydrophilic markers
Authors: Qiu Fiona , Huang Yifan , Saunders Norman R. , Habgood Mark D. , Dziegielewska Katarzyna M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Apparent permeability of the blood brain barrier to hydrophilic markers has been shown to be higher in the developing brain. Apart from synthesis in situ, any substance detected in the brain parenchyma can originate from two sources: directly through blood vessels of brain vasculature and/or indirectly by entry from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after transfer across the choroid plexuses. The relative quantitative contribution of these two routes to the overall brain entry remains unclear.

Methods
In rats at embryonic day 16, 19 and postnatal day 4 and young adults, a small (sucrose, mw. 342 Da) or a large (dextran, mw. 70 kDa) radiolabelled hydrophilic marker was injected intravenously for very short periods of time (30 s to 5 min) before collection of plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain samples. Results are presented as concentration ratios between radioactivity measured in CSF or brain and that in plasma (%).

Results
The dextran brain/plasma ratio five minutes post injection was similar (2–4%) from E16 to adulthood whereas the sucrose brain/plasma ratio was significantly higher in fetal brains, but was comparable to dextran values in the adult. Sucrose CSF/plasma ratios were also significantly higher in fetal animals and decreased with age. In very short experiments involving fetal animals, entry of sucrose into the CSF after only 30 s was similar to that of dextran and both markers showed similar brain/plasma ratios.

Conclusions
In the developing brain the apparent higher brain entry of a small hydrophilic marker such as sucrose can be attributed to its higher entry into the CSF and subsequent diffusion into the brain. By contrast, movement of a larger marker like 70 kDa dextran is restricted firstly by choroid plexus epithelial tight junctions and secondly by specialised junctions in the neuroependymal interface between the CSF and brain. Brain/plasma ratios of 70 kDa dextran were similar in fetal and adult rats. Therefore 70 kDa dextran should be considered an appropriate marker if brain residual vascular space is to be measured, especially in younger animals.
Effects of a 9-weeks arch support intervention on foot morphology in young soccer players: a crossover study
Authors: Hikawa Kohei , Tsutsui Toshiharu , Ueyama Takehiro , Yang Jin , Hara Yukina , Torii Suguru 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
A flat foot is a common cause of chronic sports injuries and therefore many opportunities for arch support interventions exist. However, young athletes change their foot morphology due to developmental influences even without intervention. Therefore, developmental influences need to be considered when examining the effects of arch support, but there have not been sufficient longitudinal studies to date. This study aimed to determine the effect of the arch support intervention by performing a 9-weeks arch support intervention on the foot morphology and cross-sectional area of the foot muscles in flat-footed young athletes. Thirty-one elementary school boys (Age 11.4 ± 0.5 years, Height 145.2 ± 7.4 cm, Weight 38.8 ± 8.3 kg, BMI 18.2 ± 2.2 kg/m2) with a decreased medial longitudinal arch in the foot posture index were selected as participants from a local soccer club and randomly divided into two groups.

Methods
In one group, in the intervention period, an existing arch supporter was used to provide arch support, while in the other group, no special intervention was provided in the observation period. To account for developmental effects, the intervention study was conducted as an 18-weeks crossover study in which the intervention and observational phases were switched at 9 weeks after the intervention. Foot morphology was assessed using a three-dimensional foot measuring machine, and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the internal and external muscles of the foot was assessed using an ultrasound imaging device. We examined the effect of the intervention by comparing the amount of change in the measurement results between the intervention and observation periods using corresponding t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test, analysis of covariance methods.

Results
After adapting the exclusion criteria, 14 patients (28 feet) were included in the final analysis. The CSA of the abductor hallucis muscle (ABH) increased 9.7% during the intervention period and 3.0% during the observation period (p = 0.01). The CSA of the flexor digitorum longus muscle (FDL) increased 7.7% during the intervention period and 4.2% during the observation period (p = 0.02).

Conclusion
A 9-weeks arch supporter intervention may promote the development of the ABH and FDL CSA in young flat-footed soccer players.
Dietary organic acids ameliorate high stocking density stress-induced intestinal inflammation through the restoration of intestinal microbiota in broilers
Authors: Dai Dong , Qi Guanghai , Wang Jing , Zhang Haijun , Qiu Kai , Han Yanming , Wu Yuanyuan , Wu Shugeng 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
High stocking density (HSD) stress has detrimental effects on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and intestinal microbiota in intensive animal production. Organic acids (OA) are widely used as feed additives for their ability to improve growth performance and intestinal health in poultry. However, whether dietary OA can ameliorate HSD stress-induced impaired intestinal barrier in broilers remains elusive. In this study, a total of 528 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated into 3 treatments with 12 replicates per treatment including 10 birds for normal stocking density and 17 birds for HSD. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1) Normal stocking density + basal diet; 2) HSD + basal diets; 3) HSD + OA.

Results
HSD stress can induce increased levels of serum corticosterone, lipopolysaccharides, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and down-regulated mRNA expression of ZO-1, resulting in compromised growth performance of broilers (P < 0.05). Dietary OA could significantly reduce levels of serum corticosterone, lipopolysaccharides, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, which were accompanied by up-regulated interleukin-10, mRNA expression of ZO-1, and growth performance (P < 0.05). Moreover, OA could down-regulate the mRNA expression of TLR4 and MyD88 to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway (P < 0.05). Additionally, HSD stress significantly decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and disturbed the balance of microbial ecosystems, whereas OA significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and restored the disordered gut microbiota by reducing competitive and exploitative interactions in microbial communities (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, OA significantly increased the content of acetic and butyric acids, which showed significant correlations with intestinal inflammation indicators (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Dietary OA ameliorated intestinal inflammation and growth performance of broilers through restoring the disordered gut microbial compositions and interactions induced by HSD and elevating short-chain fatty acid production to inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings demonstrated the critical role of intestinal microbiota in mediating the HSD-induced inflammatory responses, contributing to exploring nutritional strategies to alleviate HSD-induced stress in animals.
Eating disorder psychopathology and negative affect in Iranian college students: a network analysis
Authors: Sahlan Reza N. , Sala Margaret 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundED psychopathology is becoming more prevalent in Iran. Negative affect has been found to be an important risk factor in eating disorder (ED) onset in research conducted in Western countries, and is also emerging as a potential vulnerability factor to ED psychopathology in Iran. Network theory offers a novel framework to understand the association between negative affect and ED psychopathology in Iran. The primary aim of the current study was to use network analysis to identify bridge symptoms (i.e., symptoms that activate or weaken symptoms in another cluster) across a negative affect and ED psychopathology network among Iranian college students. We also aimed to identify core symptoms (i.e., nodes that demonstrate the strongest connections to other nodes).MethodParticipants were Iranian college students (n = 637; 60.3% women) who completed the Farsi-eating disorder examination-questionnaire and Farsi-negative affect. We estimated a network of ED symptoms and negative affective states and identified bridge and central symptoms.ResultsHostility and shame emerged as central bridge symptoms across the negative affect and ED psychopathology clusters. The most central nodes were strong desire to lose weight, definite fear of losing control over eating, and binge eating episodes.ConclusionThe negative affective states of hostility and shame may increase vulnerability to ED psychopathology among Iranian college students. Findings have important implications for ED prevention programs that should be examined in future research.
Metabolites, elemental profile and chemical activities of Pinus strobus high temperature-derived pyroligneous acid
Authors: Ofoe Raphael , Gunupuru Lokanadha R. , Abbey Lord 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundPyroligneous acid (PA) is an aqueous smoky fraction produced during pyrolysis of biomass. The chemical composition of PA from different plant biomass has been studied, but reports on PA metabolites and elemental profiles are rare. In this study, we examined the metabolites, elemental profiles and the associated chemical activities of PA derived from white pine (Pinus strobus) at 1100 °C compared to similar work done elsewhere using different biomass at lower temperatures.ResultsPA fromP. strobusbiomass exhibited a lower electrical conductivity (2.05 mS/cm), salinity (1.03 g/L) and total dissolved solids (1.42 g/L) but higheroBrix content (9.35 ± 0.06) compared to PA from other feedstock. TheP. strobusPA showed a higher antioxidant activity characterized by enhanced radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free-radical (78.52%) and accumulation of higher total phenolic (95.81 ± 1.45 gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/mL) and flavonoid content (49.46 µg quercetin/mL). Metabolite profiling by direct injection mass spectrometry with a reverse-phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (DI/LC–MS/MS) identified a total of 156 metabolites. Four (4) main groups including organic acids (90.87%), hexose (8.60%), carnitine (0.3%) and phospholipids (0.24%) were found in the PA. Mineral element analysis revealed that theP. strobusPA contained high concentrations of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn), while the content of sodium (Na) and trace/heavy metals were present at levels below the reported limit.ConclusionThis study indicates thatP. strobusPA is a valuable product that can be used in agriculture to improve plant growth and productivity under normal and environmentally stressful conditions.Graphical Abstract
One-step immunoassay based on switching peptides for analyzing ochratoxin A in wines
Authors: Kim Tae-Hun , Bong Ji-Hong , Kim Hong-Rae , Shim Won-Bo , Kang Min-Jung , Pyun Jae-Chul 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA one-step immunoassay is presented for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) using an antibody complex with switching peptides. Because the switching peptides (fluorescence-labeled) were able to bind the frame region of antibodies (IgGs), they were dissociated from antibodies immediately when target analytes were bound to the binding pockets of antibodies. From the fluorescence signal measurements of switching peptides, a quantitative analysis of target analytes, via a one-step immunoassay without any washing steps, could be performed. As the first step, the binding constant (KD) of OTA to the antibodies was estimated under the continuous flow conditions of a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Then, the optimal switching peptide, among four types of switching peptides, and the reaction condition for complex formation with the switching peptide were determined for the one-step immunoassay for OTA analysis. Additionally, the selectivity test of one-step immunoassay for OTA was carried out in comparison with phenylalanine and zearalenone. For the application to the one-step immunoassay to detect OTA in wines, two types of sample pre-treatment methods were compared: (1) a liquid extraction was carried out using chloroform as a solvent with subsequent resuspension in phosphate-buffered saline (total analysis time < 1 h); (2) direct dilution of the wine sample (total analysis time < 0.5 h). Finally, the direct dilution method was found to be effective for the one-step immunoassay based on the switching peptide assay for OTA in wines with a markedly improved total analysis time (< 0.5 h). Additionally, the assay results were compared with commercial lateral flow immunoassay.