bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The surgical anatomy of hearts with isomeric atrial appendages—implications for surgical management
Authors: Spicer Diane E , Chowdhury Ujjwal Kumar , Anderson Robert H , Pandey Niraj Nirmal , Sankhyan Lakshmi Kumari , George Niwin , Goja Shikha , Malik Vishwas 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The most severe combinations of cardiac malformations exist in individuals having jumbled-up thoracic and abdominal organs. These patients make up 2 distinct syndromes. As yet, the consensus is lacking on how best to describe the subsets. The subsets are frequently grouped together in terms of ‘heterotaxy’. The surgical approaches to the subsets, however, are markedly different. We reviewed our experiences with regard to the anatomy as observed in the autopsy room, by the analysis of computed tomographic studies, and in the operating room, to assess whether the lesions might be segregated on the basis of isomerism of the atrial appendages.

METHODS AND RESULTS
A review of our findings from the examination of specimens from several archives, along with investigation of a large cohort of patients being prepared for surgical treatment, showed that individuals can uniformly be segregated into subgroups on the basis of isomeric arrangement of the atrial appendages. In all instances, this was made possible by using the criterion of the extent of the pectinate muscles within the appendages as judged relative to the atrial vestibules. Segregation on this basis, which correlated excellently with the bronchial arrangement, sets the scene for an appropriate description of the remainder of the heart, providing the cardiac surgeon with all the inferences required for appropriate surgical intervention.

CONCLUSIONS
When assessing individuals having the features of so-called ‘heterotaxy’, it is possible to segregate the groups into subsets of individuals having either isomeric right or left atrial appendages. This approach provides the framework for the assessment of appropriate surgical management.
A discrete fracture hybrid model for forecasting diffusion-induced seismicity and power generation in enhanced geothermal systems
Authors: Karvounis Dimitrios , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARY
We describe a 3-D discrete fracture hybrid model (DFHM) that returns forecasts of both induced seismicity and of power generation in an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS). Our model considers pore-pressure increase as the mechanism driving induced seismicity, similarly to other hybrid models, but it uses discrete fracture modelling for flow and heat that allows accurate and realistic transient solutions of pore pressure and temperature in fractured reservoirs. Earthquakes and flow are thus considered as closely coupled processes. In the DFHM model, the creation phase of an EGS is described as a Markovian process with a transitional probability that encapsulates the irreducible uncertainty with regards to induced seismicity. We conditioned this transitional probability on field observations from the 2006 EGS project in Basel, achieving a good match with observations of seismicity evolution. Specifically, our model effectively reproduces and explains the observed long-term exponential decay of seismicity after the well was shut in, suggesting that pore pressure diffusion in a critically stressed fractured reservoir is sufficient to explain long-lasting post-injection seismic activity as observed in Basel. We then investigate alternative injection scenarios, using Monte Carlo simulations to capture the uncertainties in fault locations and stressing conditions. We show that the number of induced events depends not only on the total injected volume but also on the injection strategy. We demonstrate that multistage injection schemes are superior to single-stage ones, since the former are associated with less seismic risk and can generate at least the same revenue in the long term.
Joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersion in the Recôncavo–Tucano basin of NE Brazil: implications for basin formation
Authors: Döring M F , Julià J , Evain M 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYThe crustal structure of the Recôncavo–Tucano basin, an aborted rift system that developed in NE Brazil during extension related to the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean, has been investigated through local constraints from receiver functions developed at 18 seismic stations in the region. Gravity modelling has proved unable to unequivocally localize crustal thinning under the basin depocentre and, together with a general lack of sediments from a putative thermal sag phase, this has led to a range of basin formation models invoking either pure or simple shear or a combination of both. In particular, the ‘flexural cantilever’ model has assumed simple shear extension in the upper crust and pure shear extension in the lower crust and mantle, enabling local erosion of the rift flanks after footwall uplift and regional erosion of the thermal sag phase after magmatic underplate of the basin's crust. Our results reveal that the crust is over 40 km thick beneath the Tucano and Recôncavo basins and that it contains a thick (5–8 km) layer of high velocity (Vs &gt; 4.0 km s–1) material below ∼35 km depth. These observations contrast with structure immediately West (São Francisco Craton) and East (Borborema Province) of the basin, for which crustal thicknesses average 42 and 36 km, respectively, lower crustal velocities are below 4.0 km s–1, and local instances of crust as thin as 33.5 km are observed. We propose, in agreement with the ‘flexural cantilever’ model, that the fast velocity layer making the basin's lowermost crust resulted from mafic underplating after stretching and thinning during the syn-rift phase, restoring crustal thickness to pre-rift values (or larger) and providing the necessary buoyancy to trigger regional uplift. Moreover, although not pervasive, instances of thin crust along the footwall could be related to rift flank erosion. We thus conclude that, regardless of the mode of extension in the upper crust, our results favour models of basin formation invoking extension of the lower crust by pure shear.
IVF under COVID-19: treatment outcomes of fresh ART cycles
Authors: Youngster Michal , Avraham Sarit , Yaakov Odelia , Landau Rabbi Moran , Gat Itai , Yerushalmi Gil , Sverdlove Rachael , Baum Micha , Maman Ettie , Hourvitz Ariel , Kedem Alon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Does prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in women undergoing fertility treatments affect the outcomes of fresh ART cycles?

SUMMARY ANSWER
SARS-CoV-2 infection does not affect fresh ART treatment outcomes, except for a possible long-term negative effect on oocyte yield (&gt;180 days postinfection).

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
A single previous study suggested no evidence that a history of asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in females caused impairment of fresh ART treatment outcomes.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
Retrospective cohort study, including all SARS-CoV-2 infected women who underwent fresh ART cycles within a year from infection (the first cycle postinfection), between October 2020 and June 2021, matched to non-diagnosed controls.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Patients from two large IVF units in Israel who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and later underwent fresh ART cycles were matched by age to non-diagnosed, non-vaccinated controls. Demographics, cycle characteristics and cycle outcomes, including oocyte yield, maturation rate, fertilization rate, number of frozen embryos per cycle and clinical pregnancy rates, were compared between groups.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
One hundred and twenty-one infected patients and 121 controls who underwent fresh ART cycles were included. Oocyte yield (12.50 versus 11.29; P = 0.169) and mature oocyte rate (78% versus 82%; P = 0.144) in all fresh cycles were similar between groups, as were fertilization rates, number of frozen embryos per cycle and clinical pregnancy rates (43% versus 40%; P = 0.737) in fresh cycles with an embryo transfer. In a logistic regression model, SARS-CoV-2 infection more than 180 days prior to retrieval had a negative effect on oocyte yield (P = 0.018, Slope = −4.08, 95% CI −7.41 to −0.75), although the sample size was small.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
A retrospective study with data that was not uniformly generated under a study protocol, no antibody testing for the control group.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
The study findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection does not affect treatment outcomes, including oocyte yield, fertilization and maturation rate, number of good quality embryos and clinical pregnancy rates, in fresh ART cycles, except for a possible long-term negative effect on oocyte yield when retrieval occurs &gt;180 days post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies are warranted to support these findings.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
None.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
0010-21-HMC, 0094-21-ASF.
A novel intramolecular negative regulation of mouse Jak3 activity by tyrosine 820
Authors: Sekine Yuichi , Kikkawa Kazuna , Witthuhn Bruce A , Kashiwakura Jun-ichi , Muromoto Ryuta , Kitai Yuichi , Fujimuro Masahiro , Oritani Kenji , Matsuda Tadashi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Jak3, a member of the Janus kinase family, is essential for the cytokine receptor common gamma chain (γc)-mediated signaling. During activation of Jak3, tyrosine residues are phosphorylated and potentially regulate its kinase activity. We identified a novel tyrosine phosphorylation site within mouse Jak3, Y820, which is conserved in human Jak3, Y824. IL-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak3 Y824 in human T cell line HuT78 cells was detected by using a phosphospecific, pY824, antibody. Mutation of mouse Jak3 Y820 to alanine (Y820A) showed increased autophosphorylation of Jak3 and enhanced signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) tyrosine phosphorylation and transcriptional activation. Stably expressed Jak3 Y820A in F7 cells, an IL-2 responsive mouse pro-B cell line Ba/F3, exhibited enhanced IL-2-dependent cell growth. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that interaction between Jak3 and STAT5 increased in Jak3 Y820A compared to wild-type Jak3. These data suggest that Jak3 Y820 plays a role in negative regulation of Jak3-mediated STAT5 signaling cascade upon IL-2-stimulation. We speculate that this occurs through an interaction promoted by the tyrosine phosphorylated Y820 or a conformational change by Y820 mutation with either the STAT directly or with the recruitment of molecules such as phosphatases via a SH2 interaction. Additional studies will focus on these interactions as Jak3 plays a crucial role in disease and health.
No Fair! Distinguishing Between the Pursuit of Status and Equity in International Relations
Authors: Rathbun Brian , Rathbun Nina Srinivasan , Pomeroy Caleb 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Status-seeking behavior, the pursuit of a higher position on an international social hierarchy as perceived and defined by members of a community, has received considerable attention in recent years. Yet, much of what this recent literature calls status-seeking is difficult to distinguish from something else: the pursuit of fairness. We disentangle status-seeking from fairness-seeking by identifying where a pure status-seeking and a fairness-seeking argument diverge—in the degree to which state actors demand exclusive rights and privileges. Survey experiments of the Russian public concerning the country's membership in the G8 as well as a case study of Germany's behavior in the first Moroccan crisis provide strong support for our “biased fairness” account. Derived from the behavioral economics and psychology literature, it maintains that leaders demand entitlements that match their status and find any such denial as less fair than an equivalent discrepancy for other countries. However, once assured of what they deserve, they do not demonstrate any tendency to exclude others, the hallmark of the status motivation. Convergent evidence at multiple levels of analysis, country contexts, and widely different time periods gives strong indications that fairness concerns are driving much of what is attributed to status-seeking.
Evaluation of formic acid sandwich (FA-sandwich): A pretreatment method for filamentous fungi, for the identification of clinically relevant filamentous fungi by two MALDI-TOF MS systems
Authors: Peng Dan , Zhu Xiaobin , Liu Yanhua , Li Xiaoning , Chen Guoqiang , Li Yirong , Xiao Xiao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been successfully applied to identify microorganisms. However, unlike bacteria and yeast where identification results can be obtained rapidly and accurately by using a simple direct-coating pretreatment method, the traditional pretreatment methods for filamentous fungi are more complex, involving ethanol, formic acid, acetonitrile, and a protein extraction process by centrifugation, i.e., the EtOH-FA full extraction. This cumbersome pretreatment for filamentous fungi is a major reason for the lack of widespread use of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of filamentous fungi in clinical settings. The present study describes an alternative method, the FA-sandwich, and demonstrates that the approach is efficient and effective. 148 clinical filamentous fungal isolates collected from three large general hospitals in Hubei Province, China, were processed by the FA-sandwich method and identified by two MALDI-TOF MS platforms, Autof ms and Vitek MS. The FA-sandwich allowed a 93.9% species-level identification with Autof ms, and 97.3% species-level identification rates were found for Vitek MS when the IVD, the RUO and in-house databases are used in combination. Further comparison of the ease of FA-sandwich with the EtOH-FA full extraction showed that the FA-sandwich is a more convenient, time- and reagent-saving, and sensitive pretreatment method. These findings indicate that the FA-sandwich method is suitable for pretreating filamentous fungi followed by MALDI-TOF MS identification in clinical microbiology laboratories.

Lay summary
The FA-sandwich method improves the efficiency of identification of filamentous fungi using MALDI-TOF MS while ensuring identification accuracy. The method is easy to perform and very suitable for detecting mold in the microbiology laboratory with the goal of promoting timely and accurate therapies.
Cosmic ray irradiation of comet nuclei: a possible source of cometary outbursts at large heliocentric distances
Authors: Pavlov A K , Belousov D V , Tsurkov D A , Lomasov V N 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
The effect of radical accumulation in ice, under high energy particle irradiation at low temperature followed by the energy release during heating, has been proposed as a possible cause of cometary outbursts. Water ice samples were subjected to 15 MeV protons to simulate the cosmic ray irradiation of comet nuclei. The irradiation with 0.9 MeV electrons was performed to model a similar process on icy satellites located in radiation belts of planets. We observed the release of accumulated energy 20 J g−1 during the heating of the proton-irradiated ice with two pulses of fast self-heating of the sample at 84 and 110 K. Similar energy release occurred between 82 and 110 K in the electron-irradiated ice. Our calculations suggest that the recombination of radicals accumulated in the surface layer of a comet nucleus under cosmic ray bombardment can trigger the cometary outbursts far from the Sun.
Calibration requirements for Epoch of Reionization 21-cm signal observations – II. Analytical estimation of the bias and variance with time-correlated residual gains
Authors: Kumar Jais , Dutta Prasun , Choudhuri Samir , Roy Nirupam 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT
Observation of redshifted 21-cm signals from neutral hydrogen holds the key to understanding the structure formation and its evolution during the reionization and post-reionization era. Apart from the presence of orders of magnitude larger foregrounds in the observed frequency range, the instrumental effects of the interferometers combined with the ionospheric effects present a considerable challenge in the extraction of 21-cm signals from strong foregrounds. The systematic effects of time- and frequency-correlated residual gain errors originating from the measurement process introduce a bias and enhance the variance of the power spectrum measurements. In this work, we study the effect of time-correlated residual gain errors in the presence of strong foreground. We present a method to produce analytic estimates of the bias and variance in the power spectrum. We use simulated observations to confirm the efficacy of this method and then use it to understand various effects of the gain errors. We find that as the standard deviation in the residual gain errors increases, the bias in the estimation supersedes the variance. It is observed that an optimal choice of the time over which the gain solutions are estimated minimizes the risk. We also find that the interferometers with higher baseline densities are preferred instruments for these studies.
Genome-wide association, prediction and heritability in bacteria with application toStreptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Mallawaarachchi Sudaraka , Tonkin-Hill Gerry , Croucher Nicholas J , Turner Paul , Speed Doug , Corander Jukka , Balding David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhole-genome sequencing has facilitated genome-wide analyses of association, prediction and heritability in many organisms. However, such analyses in bacteria are still in their infancy, being limited by difficulties including genome plasticity and strong population structure. Here we propose a suite of methods including linear mixed models, elastic net and LD-score regression, adapted to bacterial traits using innovations such as frequency-based allele coding, both insertion/deletion and nucleotide testing and heritability partitioning. We compare and validate our methods against the current state-of-art using simulations, and analyse three phenotypes of the major human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, including the first analyses of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for penicillin and ceftriaxone. We show that the MIC traits are highly heritable with high prediction accuracy, explained by many genetic associations under good population structure control. In ceftriaxone MIC, this is surprising because none of the isolates are resistant as per the inhibition zone criteria. We estimate that half of the heritability of penicillin MIC is explained by a known drug-resistance region, which also contributes a quarter of the ceftriaxone MIC heritability. For the within-host carriage duration phenotype, no associations were observed, but the moderate heritability and prediction accuracy indicate a moderately polygenic trait.
COVID-19 vaccination: is it mandatory or optional?
Authors: Situmorang Dominikus David Biondi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn Indonesia, controversy about the COVID-19 vaccination is still going on, there is a group of people who believe in this vaccine, and another group chooses not to believe. There are those who support this as mandatory, but there are also those who think that this is optional. Hopefully through this letter, we can all respect the decisions of every human being who has free will and has full rights over their own life.
Invited review: a carcass and meat perspective of crossbred beef × dairy cattle
Authors: Foraker Blake A , Frink Jenna L , Woerner Dale R 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Crossbreeding dairy cows with beef sires has greatly altered the consist of U.S. dairy-influenced slaughter cattle and generated an influx of crossbred beef × dairy cattle to the U.S. fed beef slaughter supply in 2021. This review provides a summary of our observations of carcass and meat traits in the recent U.S. beef × dairy crossbred population and, based on these observations, exposes future opportunities for consideration. Strip loin steaks from beef × dairy cattle can be marketed alongside conventional beef products in retail display without consumer discrimination based on color or steak shape previously experienced in steaks from straightbred dairy cattle. Additionally, beef from crossbred beef × dairy cattle cannot be discriminated against for eating quality attributes (tenderness, flavor, and juiciness) as it exhibits similar, if not improved, performance of these attributes to beef from conventional beef cattle. We have also demonstrated that live expression of beef-type versus dairy-type character within the beef × dairy crossbred population has minimal effect on eating quality. With proper genetic selection and management, crossbred beef × dairy cattle can capture carcass premiums from an optimal combination of carcass quality (marbling) and red meat yield. Future beef × dairy crossbred mating and management systems should emphasize increases in total carcass muscling and reductions in liver abscess prevalence. A story of quality, sustainability, and traceability in the large and constant supply of beef from crossbred beef × dairy cattle may present profitable branding and marketing opportunities for these products.
Paired box 5 increases the chemosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell cancer cells by promoting p53 signaling activity
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Yan Wenji , Qian Niansong , Han Quanli , Zhang Weitao , Dai Guanghai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background:
Gene promoter methylation is a major epigenetic change in cancers, which plays critical roles in carcinogenesis. As a crucial regulator in the early stages of B-cell differentiation and embryonic neurodevelopment, the paired box 5 (PAX5) gene is downregulated by methylation in several kinds of tumors and the role of this downregulation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) pathogenesis remains unclear.

Methods:
To elucidate the role of PAX5 in ESCC, eight ESCC cell lines, 51 primary ESCC tissue samples, and eight normal esophageal mucosa samples were studied and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was queried. PAX5 expression was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Cell apoptosis, proliferation, and chemosensitivity were detected by flow cytometry, colony formation assays, and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assays in ESCC cell lines with PAX5 overexpression or silencing. Tumor xenograft models were established for in vivo verification.

Results:

PAX5 methylation was found in 37.3% (19/51) of primary ESCC samples, which was significantly associated with age (P = 0.007) and tumor-node-metastasis stage (P = 0.014). TCGA data analysis indicated that PAX5 expression was inversely correlated with promoter region methylation (r = −0.189, P = 0.011 for cg00464519 and r = −0.228, P = 0.002 for cg02538199). Restoration of PAX5 expression suppressed cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and inhibited tumor growth of ESCC cell lines, which was verified in xenografted mice. Ectopic PAX5 expression significantly increased p53 reporter luciferase activity and increased p53 messenger RNA and protein levels. A direct interaction of PAX5 with the p53 promoter region was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Re-expression of PAX5 sensitized ESCC cell lines KYSE150 and KYSE30 to fluorouracil and docetaxel. Silencing of PAX5 induced resistance of KYSE450 cells to these drugs.

Conclusions:
As a tumor suppressor gene regulated by promoter region methylation in human ESCC, PAX5 inhibits proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and induces activation of p53 signaling. PAX5 may serve as a chemosensitive marker of ESCC.