bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variants in mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component 1 and hydroxysteroid 17‐beta dehydrogenase 13 reduce severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and suppress fibrotic pathways through distinct mechanisms
Authors: Hudert Christian A. , Adams Leon A. , Alisi Anna , Anstee Quentin M. , Crudele Annalisa , Draijer Laura G. ,   EU‐PNAFLD investigators, Furse Samuel , Hengstler Jan G. , Jenkins Benjamin , Karnebeek Kylie , Kelly Deirdre A. , Koot Bart G. , Koulman Albert , Meierhofer David , Melton Phillip E. , Mori Trevor A. , Snowden Stuart G. , van Mourik Indra , Vreugdenhil Anita , Wiegand Susanna , Mann Jake P. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Genome‐wide association studies in adults have identified variants in hydroxysteroid 17‐beta dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) and mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component 1 (MTARC1) as protective against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to test their association with pediatric NAFLD liver histology and investigate their function using metabolomics. A total of 1450 children (729 with NAFLD, 399 with liver histology) were genotyped for rs72613567T>TA in HSD17B13, rs2642438G>A in MTARC1, and rs738409C>G in patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNPLA3). Genotype–histology associations were tested using ordinal regression. Untargeted hepatic proteomics and plasma lipidomics were performed in a subset of children. We found rs72613567T>TA in HSD17B13 to be associated with lower odds of NAFLD diagnosis (odds ratio, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.6–0.9) and a lower grade of portal inflammation (p < 0.001). rs2642438G>A in MTARC1 was associated with a lower grade of hepatic steatosis (p = 0.02). Proteomics found reduced expression of HSD17B13 in carriers of the protective ‐TA allele. MTARC1 levels were unaffected by genotype. Both variants were associated with down‐regulation of fibrogenic pathways. HSD17B13 perturbs plasma phosphatidylcholines and triglycerides. In silico modeling suggested p.Ala165Thr disrupts the stability and metal binding of MTARC1. Conclusion: Both HSD17B13 and MTARC1 variants are associated with less severe pediatric NAFLD. These results provide further evidence for shared genetic mechanisms between pediatric and adult NAFLD.
Job satisfaction, performance appraisal, reinforcement and job tasks in medical healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak
Authors: Rana Waleed , Mukhtar Sonia , Mukhtar Shamim 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMedical healthcare profession is under immense stress since the COVID‐19 pandemic outbreak on global scale, and medical healthcare professionals are enduring occupational challenges which entail frontline and non‐frontline duties, appraisal and satisfaction with their job. The present study examined perceived job satisfaction as a mediating variable that affects the relationship between performance appraisal and reinforcement on performing job tasks among medical healthcare professionals during COVID‐19. A sample (N = 550) was selected from public and private hospitals' medical healthcare professionals (n = 300 males, and n = 250 females). The results showed that perceived job satisfaction mediates the relationship between performance appraisal and reinforcement on job tasks in medical healthcare professionals. This study could help stakeholders, medical board regulations, mental health practitioners, employers and employees to increment sources which could establish feasible healthcare planning and management. The study has significant implications in mental healthcare, crisis management, human resource planning, effective performance and improvement in well‐being of medical workforce's psychological health.
Two‐dimensional‐numerical investigation on the influence of first rib distance from the entrance of channel on Nusselt number and pressure drop
Authors: Shashidhara Sumanth , Thomas Shijo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnhancing the heat transfer coefficient in heat sinks can be achieved by surface modification techniques. Although the addition of ribs increases heat transfer capacity, it also increases pressure drop, lowering the channel's thermohydraulic performance (THP) factor. Rib research began a decade ago, with the majority of studies focusing on new rib designs or factors such as relative roughness pitch, relative roughness height, channel width, and channel height (geometric optimization) to improve THP. The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of the positioning of the first rib from the channel entrance on the Nusselt number, pressure drop, and THP factor with a simple design that could be manufactured easily. Three distinct rib designs are evaluated with rib positioning from the channel entrance, rib thickness, pitch, and Reynolds number as the parameters. It was found that the fluid starts settling up at the ribs as the ribs are moved closer to the channel entry point, thus increasing the pressure drop and reducing the fluid velocity. For the proposed design and dimensions, the Nusselt number increases by 3%–5%, and the pressure drop lowers by 4%–14% when the first rib is placed away from the channel entrance.
Subtle side chain modification of triphenylamine‐based polymer hole‐transport layer materials produces efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Xie Yue‐Min , Yao Qin , Xue Qifan , Zeng Zixin , Niu Tianqi , Zhou Yingzhi , Zhuo Ming‐Peng , Tsang Sai‐Wing , Yip Hin‐Lap , Cao Yong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolymer hole‐transport layers (HTLs) are critical components of inverted perovskite solar cells (IPVSCs). Triphenylamine derivatives PTAA (poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine]) and Poly‐TPD (poly[N,N′‐bis(4‐butylphenyl)‐N,N′‐bis(phenyl)benzidine]) have been widely adopted as hole‐transport materials due to their perovskite passivation effects and suitable energy levels. However, the passivation mechanism (i.e., the functional group responsible for perovskite passivation) of triphenylamine derivative polymers remains unclear, hindering the development and application of this polymer type. Here, we develop a novel Poly‐TPD derivative, S‐Poly‐TPD, by replacing the n‐butyl functional group of Poly‐TPD with an isobutyl group to explore the influence of alkyl groups on HTL performance and top‐deposited perovskite properties. Compared with Poly‐TPD, the increased CH3‐terminal unit density and the decreased spatial distance between the –CH–CH3 and –CH2–CH3 units and the benzene ring in S‐Poly‐TPD not only enhanced the hole‐transport ability but also improved the perovskite passivation effect, revealing for the first time the role of the alkyl groups in perovskite passivation. As a result, the S‐Poly‐TPD‐based IPVSCs demonstrated high power‐conversion efficiencies of 15.1% and 21.3% in wide‐bandgap [MAPbI2Br(SCN)0.12] and normal‐bandgap [(FAPbI3)0.92(MAPbBr3)0.08] devices, respectively.
Estimating dermal contact soil exposure for amphibians
Authors: Purucker S. Thomas , Snyder Marcía N. , Glinski Donna A. , Van Meter Robin J. , Garber Kristina , Chelsvig Emma A. , Cyterski Michael J. , Sinnathamby Sumathy , Paulukonis Elizabeth A. , Henderson W. Matthew 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chemical exposure estimation through the dermal route is an underemphasized area of ecological risk assessment for terrestrial animals. Currently, there are efforts to create exposure models to estimate doses from this pathway for use in ecological risk assessment. One significant limitation has been insufficient published data to characterize exposure and to support the selection and parameterization of appropriate models, particularly for amphibians in terrestrial habitats. Recent publications measuring pesticide doses to terrestrial-phase amphibians have begun to rectify this situation. We collated and summarized available measurements of terrestrial amphibian dermal exposure to pesticides from 11 studies in which researchers measured tissue concentrations associated with known pesticide experimental application rates. This data set included tissue concentrations in 11 amphibian species and 14 different pesticides. We then compared the results of two screening exposure models that differed based on surface area scaling approaches as a function of body weight (one based on birds as surrogates for amphibians and another amphibian-specific) to the measured tissue residue concentrations. We define a false-negative rate for each screening model as the proportion of amphibians for which the predicted concentration is less than the observed concentration (i.e., underestimate), contrary to the intent of screening models, which are intended to have a bias for higher exposure concentrations. The screening model that uses birds as surrogates did not have any instances where estimated expected avian doses were less than measured amphibian body burdens. When using the amphibian-specific exposure model that corrected for differences between avian and amphibian surface area, measured concentrations were greater than model estimates for 11.3% of the 1158 comparisons. The database of measured pesticide concentrations in terrestrial amphibians is provided for use in calculating bioconcentration factors and for future amphibian dermal exposure model development. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:9–16. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Abiraterone acetate plus prednisolone for metastatic patients starting hormone therapy: 5‐year follow‐up results from the STAMPEDE randomised trial (NCT00268476)
Authors: James Nicholas D. , Clarke Noel W. , Cook Adrian , Ali Adnan , Hoyle Alex P. , Attard Gerhardt , Brawley Christopher D. , Chowdhury Simon , Cross William R. , Dearnaley David P. , de Bono Johann S. , Diaz‐Montana Carlos , Gilbert Duncan , Gillessen Silke , Gilson Clare , Jones Rob J. , Langley Ruth E. , Malik Zafar I. , Matheson David J. , Millman Robin , Parker Chris C. , Pugh Cheryl , Rush Hannah , Russell J. Martin , Berthold Dominik R. , Buckner Michelle L. , Mason Malcolm D. , Ritchie Alastair W. S. , Birtle Alison J. , Brock Susannah J. , Das Prantik , Ford Dan , Gale Joanna , Grant Warren , Gray Emma K. , Hoskin Peter , Khan Mohammad M. , Manetta Caroline , McPhail Neil J. , O'Sullivan Joe M. , Parikh Omi , Perna Carla , Pezaro Carmel J. , Protheroe Andrew S. , Robinson Angus J. , Rudman Sarah M. , Sheehan Denise J. , Srihari Narayanan N. , Syndikus Isabel , Tanguay Jacob S. , Thomas Carys W. , Vengalil Salil , Wagstaff John , Wylie James P. , Parmar Mahesh K. B. , Sydes Matthew R. ,   for the STAMPEDE Trials Collaborative Group
Published: April 2022

AbstractAbiraterone acetate plus prednisolone (AAP) previously demonstrated improved survival in STAMPEDE, a multiarm, multistage platform trial in men starting long‐term hormone therapy for prostate cancer. This long‐term analysis in metastatic patients was planned for 3 years after the first results. Standard‐of‐care (SOC) was androgen deprivation therapy. The comparison randomised patients 1:1 to SOC‐alone with or without daily abiraterone acetate 1000 mg + prednisolone 5 mg (SOC + AAP), continued until disease progression. The primary outcome measure was overall survival. Metastatic disease risk group was classified retrospectively using baseline CT and bone scans by central radiological review and pathology reports. Analyses used Cox proportional hazards and flexible parametric models, accounting for baseline stratification factors. One thousand and three patients were contemporaneously randomised (November 2011 to January 2014): median age 67 years; 94% newly‐diagnosed; metastatic disease risk group: 48% high, 44% low, 8% unassessable; median PSA 97 ng/mL. At 6.1 years median follow‐up, 329 SOC‐alone deaths (118 low‐risk, 178 high‐risk) and 244 SOC + AAP deaths (75 low‐risk, 145 high‐risk) were reported. Adjusted HR = 0.60 (95% CI: 0.50‐0.71; P = 0.31 × 10−9) favoured SOC + AAP, with 5‐years survival improved from 41% SOC‐alone to 60% SOC + AAP. This was similar in low‐risk (HR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.41‐0.76) and high‐risk (HR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.43‐0.69) patients. Median and current maximum time on SOC + AAP was 2.4 and 8.1 years. Toxicity at 4 years postrandomisation was similar, with 16% patients in each group reporting grade 3 or higher toxicity. A sustained and substantial improvement in overall survival of all metastatic prostate cancer patients was achieved with SOC + abiraterone acetate + prednisolone, irrespective of metastatic disease risk group.
Impact of capital account liberalization on stock market crashes
Authors: Khalid Rizwan , Shehzad Choudhry Tanveer , Naqvi Bushra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of capital account liberalization on the frequency of stock market crashes. We use de jure and de facto measures of capital account liberalization and employ a negative binomial random effect model to analyse the relationship. Using a sample of 65 countries for 1973–2016, we show that with restricted capital account liberalization, an increase in capital flows leads to a decrease in stock market crashes. With a more liberalized capital account convertibility, higher capital flows lead to a rise in stock market crashes. The main key finding supports the notion that free and unregulated capital flows induce more volatility in the stock market, and crashes in these markets are more likely to happen. These results are also robust to different sub‐samples comprising of high‐income OECD countries and non‐OECD countries. Our results are also robust to change in the specification of stock market crashes and changes in capital flows' specification.
Information diversity and household portfolio diversification
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Li Kaixin , Zhang Tingting 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on the role of information diversity in household portfolio diversification, using data from the China Household Financial Survey. We first propose a novel information diversity index which incorporates both information channels and information fields (i.e., information topics people pay attention to). Subsequently, empirical tests demonstrate that information diversity significantly affects households' participation in stock, fund and insurance markets. We further construct a household portfolio diversification index and find that information diversity also has a significant positive effect on portfolio diversification. Furthermore, a positive relationship between information diversity and portfolio returns is confirmed. Finally, this study identifies the crucial role of economic and financial information; if this information is lacking, information diversity does not have the same positive impact in some cases.
Systems Modeling Language (SysML v2) Support for Digital Engineering
Authors: Bajaj Manas , Friedenthal Sanford , Seidewitz Ed 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe OMG Systems Modeling Language™ (SysML®) was adopted in 2006 and has been used by many organizations to support their efforts to transition to a model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) approach. SysML v2 is the next generation Systems Modeling Language and is intended to address many of the limitations of SysML v1. This paper highlights how the SysML v2 language and the new standard Application Programming Interface (API) can enable MBSE and digital engineering.SysML v2 is being developed by the SysML v2 Submission Team (SST) in response to requirements issued by the Object Management Group (OMG). The final submission to the OMG is planned for 2022. The draft SysML v2 specifications and the open‐source SysML v2 pilot implementation can be found at https://github.com/Systems-Modeling.
Versatile Test Reactor Open Digital Engineering Ecosystem
Authors: Ritter Christopher , Browning Jeren , Suyderhoud Peter , Hays Ross , Marshall AnnMarie , Han Kevin , Ashbocker Taylor , Darrington John , Nelson Lee 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTModern design of nuclear facilities represents unique challenges: enabling the design of complex advanced concepts, supporting geographically dispersed teams, and supporting first‐of‐a‐kind system development. Errors made early in design can introduce silent errors. These errors can cascade causing unknown risk of complex engineering programs. The Versatile Test Reactor (VTR) Program uses digital‐engineering principles for design, procurement, construction, and operation to reduce risk and improve efficiencies. Digital engineering is an integrated, model‐based approach which connects proven digital tools such as building information management (BIM), project controls, and systems‐engineering software tools into a cohesive environment.The VTR team hypothesizes using these principals can lead to similar risk and cost reductions and schedule efficiencies observed in other engineering industries. This research investigates the use of a digital engineering ecosystem in the design of a 300‐MWt sodium‐cooled fast reactor. This ecosystem was deployed to over 200 engineers and used to deliver the conceptual design of the VTR. We conclude that initial results show significant reductions in user latency (1000x at peak use), the possibility of direct finite‐element‐analysis (FEA) integrations to computer‐aided design (CAD) tools, and nuclear reactor system design descriptions (SDDs) that we can fully link throughout design in data‐driven requirements‐management software. These early results led to the VTR maintaining milestone performance during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Digital Engineering Measures Correlated to Digital Engineering Lessons Learned from Systems Engineering Transformation Pilot
Authors: Blackburn Mark R. , McDermott Tom , Kruse Benjamin , Dzielski John , Hagedorn Tom 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses analysis that correlates Digital Engineering Success Measure (DESM) categories with lessons learned benefits observed during the NAVAIR Surrogate Pilot that applied Digital Engineering (DE) methods and tools using an Authoritative Source of Truth by modeling everything to demonstrate the art‐of‐the‐possible. The analysis correlated rating from seventeen lesson learned categories to 22 DESMs grouped into four metrics categories.
Nicotine exposure of male mice protects offspring against carbon tetrachloride‐induced acute liver injury
Authors: Zhang Dong , Dai Jingbo , Cao Yong , Wang Zhaoxia , Qiao Zhiguang , Qiao Zhongdong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPaternal nicotine exposure can cause a phenotypic change in offspring. To study whether paternal nicotine exposure influences acute liver injury and repair of the offspring, we established a paternal nicotine exposure model in mice and treated the offspring mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to induce acute liver injury. After the treatment of CCl4, the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in offspring serum of paternal nicotine exposed mice are about 37.44%, and 30.21% lower than the control mice, respectively. Transcription profiling screen and bioinformatics analysis of differently expressed genes in F1 mice liver revealed that the Wnt pathway was altered. The results demonstrate that nicotine exposure in male mice could enhance the activation of the Wnt pathway in F1 mice liver. The Wnt pathway facilitates cell proliferation and tissue repair. In conclusion, our findings showed that nicotine exposure of male mice protects hepatic against CCl4‐induced acute injury in offspring by activating the Wnt pathway in the F1 liver.
Metal–organic framework‐based heterojunction photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation: design, construction, and performances
Authors: Belousov Artem S , Fukina Diana G , Koryagin Andrey V 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHeterogeneous photocatalysis has been considered one of the most attractive alternative routes to transforming naturally abundant, clean, and sustainable solar energy into chemical energy. Nowadays, the most popular heterogeneous photocatalyst, titanium dioxide, has already found applications for water splitting to produce hydrogen and oxygen, for the degradation of organic pollutants, for air purification, and for the creation of self‐cleaning coatings. However, TiO2 has a significant limitation: a large band gap (3.0–3.4 eV) that makes it impossible to use anything other than ultraviolet illumination to initiate photocatalytic processes. With a focus on efficient solar‐energy utilization, the development of new photocatalysts that are sensitive to visible light is an important direction in the theory and practice of heterogeneous photocatalysis. In this regard, the use of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is an attractive route; they have emerged as an interesting class of materials for applications in photoreactions due to their flexible tunability in composition, structure, and functional properties, along with their facilitated adsorption towards chemicals and their efficient light absorption. Moreover, they can be composed with other semiconductors to produce heterojunctions (e.g., type‐II, Z‐scheme, and S‐scheme), whose effectiveness in photogenerated charge separation has already been proven by many examples. The present critical review reports progress over the last 5 years in the preparation and activity of metal–organic framework‐based heterojunction photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Taxonomic significance of palynological studies for identification of two morphologically similar Malva species
Authors: Ahmad Farooq , Hameed Mansoor , Ahmad Muhammad Sajid Aqeel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPollen studies can assist in distinguishing different plant taxa on the basis of pollen diameter, exine thickness, spines length, spine shape, number of rows of spines between colpi, shape of pollen, P/E ratio, pollen class and aperture type. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to compare and differentiate two Malva species on the basis of different pollen characteristics. Pollen in Malva neglecta and Malva parviflora had punctate and subpsilate, and, granulate and verrucate sculpturing between spines respectively. Both species pollen had bulbous spine base, but were more swollen in M. parviflora. M. neglecta had more pollen size, spine length and distance between spine base and spine apex, except spine base and pore diameter. The scatterplot matrix showed a wide variation among sculpturing types and other pollen attributes of both species. In PCA biplot, pore diameter and spine length were linked to M. parviflora while other pollen attributes were clearly linked to M. neglecta, indicating the taxonomic significance of the observed characters. It was concluded that the palynological studies can act as an identification tool and are of great significance in delimiting Malva and different plant taxa.Research Highlights
Taxonomic identifications is a big problem in morphologically identical Malva neglecta and Malva parviflora.
The usefulness of pollen morphology (pollen diameter and exine thickness) and wall ornamentation in identification through light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was confirmed.
Pollen of M. neglecta can be differentiated from M. parviflora by its sculpturing patterns.
Spine base and pore diameter of M. parviflora is a taxonomically important feature.