bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive relationship between plant growth and soil chemical properties in a mangrove afforestation stand, Kiribati
Authors: Inoue Tomomi , Akaji Yasuaki , Kohzu Ayato , Hinokidani Ko , Adachi Hiroshi , Kezuka Mio , Baba Shigeyuki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose There is increased recognition of the importance of mangroves worldwide, with efforts being made to sustainably manage these ecosystems for forestry and fishery use. Although successive monitoring of mangrove growth after planting has been conducted in some afforestation stands, measurements of soil environmental changes accompanying the plant growth have not been made in most stands. In this study, we observed the interactive relationship between the growth of mangrove, Rhizophora stylosa, and soil chemical properties at an afforestation stand on Tarawa atoll, Kiribati.Methods We first estimated root biomass in the stand. Next, we measured the concentrations of dissolved phosphorus, nitrogen, and other ions (Br−, Ca2+, K+, Na+, Cl−, and SO42−) in soil pore water, as well as the isotopic ratio of leaf carbon and nitrogen in patches of different plant ages. Results Differences in salt stress among the patches were reflected in leaf δ13C, suggesting it would be a good indicator of the physiological response of mangrove plants to salinity. Estimated root biomass was positively related with phosphate and nitrate concentrations in soil pore water, indicating the formation of a rhizosphere environment with the occurrence of root–microorganism interactions. Leaf δ15N analysis suggested that the discrimination of nitrogen isotopes during nitrification and/or uptake of NH4+ and NO3− occurs in accordance with plant growth. Conclusions Our findings revealed the changes that occur in the chemical properties of mangrove leaves and soil pore water after mangrove plantation on a yearly basis, which can improve our understanding of environmental succession during the formation of mangrove ecosystems.
Factors Associated With Self-Medication Among Family Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Masumoto Shoichi , Nakayama Gen , Haruta Junji , Maeno Tetsuhiro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Although healthcare professionals pay attention to the drugs prescribed by physicians, few reports have assessed self-medication by family caregivers and associated factors. This study aimed to describe self-medication among family caregivers of community-dwelling adult patients, and to explore the factors related to self-medication.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey from November to December 2020 in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Family caregivers between 40 and 74 years old and caring for community-dwelling adult patients with chronic conditions were recruited. The use of any self-medication in the last 2 weeks by family caregivers was the dependent variable. Independent variables were covariates including baseline characteristics of family caregivers and their experience with healthcare professionals in the care of patients, using the Japanese version of the Caregivers’ Experience Instrument (J-IEXPAC CAREGIVERS).Results: Of the 887 family caregivers who responded to the survey, 776 were included in the analysis. A total of 267 (34.4%) family caregivers reported having used self-medication in the last 2 weeks. Logistic regression analysis showed that the gender women (odds ratio 1.85) and having a lower score on the J-IEXPAC CAREGIVERS (odds ratio 0.81 per 1 SD increase) were associated with self-medication. Conclusions: This study revealed that about one-third of family caregivers self-medicate, and this practice is associated with a less positive experience of interprofessional care. These results suggest that it is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of the health condition of family caregivers and to provide appropriate advice regarding self-medication.
The Emotional States and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Thyroid Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fanaei S.M , Amouzegar A , Cheraghi L , Mehrabi F , Amiri P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
The potential association between thyroid dysfunction, common psychological problems (depression, anxiety, and stress), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) have been previously discussed in the literature. The present study aimed to investigate this relationship among the Iranian adult population.
Methods
Participants were 212 patients recruited to the current study from two referral endocrinology clinics in Tehran, Iran, and categorized into hypofunctional (subclinical and overt hypothyroidism), hyperfunctional (subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism), and euthyroid groups. We assessed the emotional states and HRQoL using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Short-Form 12-point Health Survey Version 2 (SF-12v2). Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 22.
Results
the current results indicated that those with thyroid dysfunction, both hypofunctional and hyperfunctional groups had significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (p < 0.05) as well as poorer HRQoL than their euthyroid counterparts. However, more detailed analysis showed that in participants with hyper- and hypo-functional dysfunction, physical and mental domains of HRQoL were mainly affected, respectively.
Conclusion
Our results showed that thyroid dysfunction could lead to negative emotional states in an adult population. Similar results have been observed regarding HRQoL. Further studies with larger sample sizes considering the subclinical and overt disorders are suggested for future research.
Attempted Retrieval Of Guidewire Fragment Using The Twisting Wire Technique Causes Coronary Perfusion: Case Report
Authors: Zhang Zi-wei , Pan Xiao-juan , Zou Ji-hong , Qi Feng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background:The guidewire seldom breaks inside the coronary artery during percutaneous coronary intervention. Herein we report a rare case of spontaneous fracture of the guidewire when used for contralateral angiography, in which multiple percutaneous attempts at retrieval failed. Use of the twisting wire technique for this purpose led to coronary perforation and perfusion. The entrapped fragment was removed during emergency surgery to prevent further complications. This report also discusses potential causes of guidewire breakage and management strategies, and highlights the potential risk of the twisting wire technique when used for retrieving a fractured guidewire from the coronary artery.Case presentation: A guidewire that breaks inside the coronary artery during an intervention can cause immediate complications as well as adverse events over time. It must be removed. Retrieval methods to extract a guidewire fragment include deep engagement of the guiding catheter, or techniques such as the loop snare or twisting wire. The latter used to retrieve the fragment threatens coronary perforation, as the broken end of the guidewire is hard and sharp and can easily penetrate the coronary artery wall. In the present case, several pullback maneuvers using the twisting wire technique were performed to withdraw a guidewire fragment from the ostial right coronary artery (RCA), but coronary perforation occurred. When all attempts at percutaneous retrieval failed, surgical removal was necessary and successful. The patient had an uneventful recovery without signs or complications, as of the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: We conclude that fracture of the guidewire remains a dangerous and unpredictable complication of percutaneous coronary intervention, and we especially highlight the potential risk of the twisting wire technique when used for retrieving the fractured wire from the coronary artery. Although the twisting wire technique is suitable to withdraw a fractured guidewire in selected cases, it must be used with great caution. For our patient, not only did the twisting wire technique fail to retrieve the broken guidewire fragment, but a most serious consequence was the penetration of the wall of the coronary artery.
Deep Neck Space Infection: A Case of Unexplained Headache Caused by Deep Neck Space Infection
Authors: Liu Min , Liu Meinian , Xu Wangbing , Zhong Faming , Yang Wenlong , Ye Yongxiang , Wan Xuan , Zhong Jiawei , Yu Liangkun , Yang Fengyun , Li Yong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Deep neck space infection is a disease that is often misdiagnosed and may have many rare symptoms. We report a case of upper cervical infection with headache as the primary manifestation and review the relevant literature.Case presentation: A 76-year-old male patient had a recurrent headache for more than one year but was misdiagnosed as cerebrovascular disease. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging showed an abnormal signal of the cervical spine with surrounding tissue edema. A deep neck space infection was diagnosed. We had debridement, and the headache disappeared.Conclusions: This case shows that orthopedics and cardiovascular doctors should improve their understanding of deep neck space infection and avoid misdiagnosis.
NUT Carcinoma in Elderly Women With Special Morphology and Immunophenotype - a Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: Wei Xuejing , Teng Xiaojing , Zhang Yanning , Cheng Ming , Chen Guangyong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: NUT carcinoma is a rapidly progressing and rare neoplasm mainly affecting the younger patients and most of them express epithelial markers, but not neuroendocrine markers, with a survival time of about one year. Retrospective studies have shown that pathologists and clinicians do not have enough understanding of it due to the lack of typical clinical manifestations, imaging, and morphological features. Case report: A 60-year-old female was diagnosed with repetitive epistaxis, nasal pain, and nasal congestion. Imaging examination showed obvious masses in the right nasal sinus and frontal sinus. Histopathologically with two types of tumor cells were first discovered: one was small fusiform cells with sparse cytoplasm and densely stained nuclei, and the other was large tumor cells with abundant cytoplasm, round or oval nuclei with obvious nucleoli, some cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, obviously eccentric nuclei without nucleoli, resembling plasma cells. The sudden appearance of keratinization was another prominent feature. Immunohistochemical staining showed that P63 and NUT were diffusely positive, P40 and synaptophysin were focal positive, CK5/6 and cytokeratin AE1/AE3 were punctate positive in limited areas. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed BRD4-NUT translocation. The patient was still alive with 20 rounds of radiation after surgery without recurrence or metastasis after a 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: we report for the first time the eldest and surviving case of NUT carcinoma originating in the nasal cavity with special morphological features and different immunohistochemical results among previous study cases with focal positive for synaptophysin and only few cells were punctate positive stained with AE1/AE3. NUT antibody should be performed in the undifferentiated or poorly differentiated malignancies, particularly those with cytoplasmic vacuolation of medium-sized cells and/or the abrupt keratinization, irrespective of patient age.
Total Laparoscopic Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreato- splenectomy with Left-Posterior Superior Mesenteric Artery First-approach for Distal Pancreatic Cancer: Step-by-step Technique with a surgical case report (with video)
Authors: NGUYEN Thanh Khiem , NGUYEN Ham Hoi , LUONG Tuan Hiep , DANG Kim Khue , LE Van Duy , TRINH Hong Son , TRAN Duc Dung 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Left-sided pancreatic cancers are uncommon but supposedly seem more aggressive than tumors of pancreatic head. Radical antegrade modular pancreato-splenectomy (RAMPS) was proved to have safe and effective advantages while comparing with standard retrograde pancreato-splenectomy (SRPS) in recent systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses. Laparoscopic SMA first-approach RAMPS was recently proceeded with optimistic perioperative outcomes.Case presentation: Our patient is a 67-year-old female with a medical history of diabetes and hypertension, recruited because of upper left quadrant abdominal pain. She was referred for pancreato-splenectomy because of a 3-cm-sized mass in distal pancreas. We use 5 trocars and the patient placed in a Trendelenburg position. The retroperitoneum is opened at the left-posterior side of the meso-pancreato-duodenum along to the inframesocolic space, so that the anterior surface of the aorta (AO), inferior vena cave (IVC), left renal vein (LRV), left adrenal grand (LAG), and kidney are completely exposed. The inferior border of the pancreas had been dissected and separated from the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) below the pancreatic isthmus, removed the lymph nodes (LNs) groups 14v and 17. Then, dissect of LNs groups 7,8,9,11p,12 en bloc at the superior side of the pancreas. Dissection of LNs group 14p, d or SMA LNs after transecting the pancreas. The operation time was 240 min, the estimated blood loss was 200 ml. With no postoperative complications as well as no diarrhea, the patient was discharged on the POD8 uneventfully. Pathological result: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with T2N1 staging and negative margin (R0).Conclusions: This technique was safe and effective to perform precise and complete lymphadenectomy and negative posterior resection in total laparoscopic left-posterior SMA first-approach RAMPS for distal pancreatic cancer.
A female case of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 caused by heterozygous mutations of ABCB4 gene and her cirrhosis improved after treatment of ursodeoxycholic acid
Authors: Qiao Fei , Lu Weiting , Ren Feng , Yang Haoran , Mo Guiling , Wang Shuangshuang , Liu Lina , Xu Xiangtao 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a group of rapidly progressing autosomal recessive genetic diseases characterized by intrahepatic cholestasis. PFIC-3 is caused by mutations in the ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 gene (ABCB4) encoding multidrug-resistant protein 3 (MDR3/ABCB4) protein which can lead to the absence of phosphatidylcholine, cholangiopathy, bile duct loss and biliary cirrhosis. Patients usually present in infancy or childhood, but cirrhosis and portal hypertension may be the first manifestation in older children or young people.
Case presentation:
A 25-year-old young woman with recurrent abnormal hepatic function was mainly characterized by increased gamma glutamyl transpeptisae (GGT) and bile acid with cryptogenic cirrhosis. After 7 months of treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), Her hepatic pathology suggested there were also obvious widening and venous fibrosis around the portal vein, and slight bile duct hyperplasia at the edge of the portal area. Infiltration of inflammatory cells around the portal vein and hepatocyte ABCB4/MDR3 protein was basically normal. Sequencing indicated the patient had heterozygous mutations in the ABCB4 gene: c.2696C>G and wes[hg19]7q21.12(87032513-87033422)×1. Through SWISS-MODEL Predict for protein structures, the missense mutation results in protein side chain missing a methyl group (-CH3), and the deletion mutation results in the serious damage to the structure of MDR3 protein. Through the analysis of pathogenicity prediction software, the mutations led to PFIC3. After treatment of UDCA for 29 months, her cirrhosis was improved, hepatic function was close to normal.
Conclusion
The novel heterozygous mutation is the molecular pathological cause of PFIC3 in this patient. Young patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis should all undergo work up for ABCB4. Diagnosis of PFIC3 early and continuous treatment of UDCA are the key to improve the prognosis and delay the occurrence of end-stage liver disease.
Myeloid Sarcoma Transformed From CML Presenting Ectopic Expression of AFP: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Ying , Sun Haimin , Zhang Sujiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background：Myeloid Sarcoma (MS) may be transformed from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, no any relationship about MS and significant elevated Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as well as multiple osteolytic damage was reported.Case presentation：A 38-years-old man, who was firstly diagnosed as CML chronic phase and treated with imatinib eight years ago, gradually progressed into MS with bone pain and multiple osteolytic damage, especially with elevated AFP. Immunohistochemical staining strongly confirmed that AFP is secreted by MS and its level is fluctuated with treatment outcome. Sequential compound ABL mutations were also identified in bone marrow and finally the patient lost any treatment response to targeted therapy as well as combined chemotherapy.Discussion and Conclusions：To our knowledge, this case is the first report about MS with aberrant AFP expression.
Access, utilization, and barriers to using malaria protection tools in migrants to Iran
Authors: Nejati Jalil , Okati-Aliabad Hassan , Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza , Mohammadi Mahdi , Ranjbar Mansour , Raeisi Ahmad , Kolifarhood Godarz , Shahraki-Sanavi Fariba , Khorram Alireza 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Imported malaria cases could be considered one of the threats to malaria elimination. Therefore, increasing migrants’ access to malaria preventive measures can play an essential role in maintaining appropriate conditions and preventing malaria outbreaks. This study aimed to provide detailed information about access, utilization, and barriers to using malaria protection tools in migrants to Iran.Methods: This study was conducted in a vast region consisting of 4 provinces and 38 cities located in the south and southeast of the country. Study participants were migrants who moved to the study area in the past three months. A sample of 4163 migrants participated in the study. They were selected through a multi-stage sampling method to obtain a representative community sample. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires about participants’ socio-demographic specification, commuting characteristics, travel aim, access, ways of preparing, and reasons to use or not to use malaria protection tools. Quantitative and qualitative variables were described and analyzed finally.Results: The mean age of individuals was 28.6±10.8, with a range of 3-88 years old. Migrants’ country of origin was Afghanistan (56.6%), Pakistan (38.4%), and Iran (5%). Most migrants (69.2%) did not have malaria protection tools while staying in Iran. Among those who prepared the protection tools, 74% used long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), 13.4% used mosquito repellent sticks and coil, and 12.7% did not use any tools. Respectively, lack of knowledge about where they can get LLINs, followed by being expensive, unavailability in the market, not cooperation of health officer, and no need to use were expressed as the causes for having no access. The main reasons for non-using the tools were lack of knowledge about their application, followed by a defect in protection tools, ineffectiveness, and being harmful, respectively. Migrants who supported with an employer accessed more to LLINs. Conclusion: This study reveals significant shortcomings in knowledge, access, and utilization of malaria protection tools among migrants in Iran. Inequitable access to public health services is predictable during migration; however, access to sustainable protection tools is recommended.
Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors For The Treatment Of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Comparison Of The Regulatory Approvals In Europe And The United States
Authors: Zaim Remziye , Redekop Ken , Groot Carin A. Uyl-de 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The process of regulatory authorization of oncology drugs, including immune-checkpoint inhibitors, has been improved by the cooperation and coordination among the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Regulatory decisions of immune-checkpoint inhibitors by these agencies are often based on enhanced efficacy and acceptable toxicity profiles, investigated in randomized, open-label, clinical trials. In this study, we addressed the differences in regulatory approvals between the FDA and the EMA for immune-checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, from year 2015 until 2021; by focusing on: (1) time to approval of immune-checkpoint inhibitors, and (2) the considerations of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) by each agency. Both the FDA and the EMA recognize the value of PROs as important patient-centered endpoints when determining the efficacy of therapies, and considering drugs for approval. Despite similarities in the regulatory pathways and assessments used for immune-checkpoint inhibitor approvals, there are differences between the two agencies when time to approval or marketing authorization for these drugs were compared. Efforts to align regulatory practices, with high concordance approval outcomes, can lead to better use of resources associated with drug development. These efforts can also provide a more streamlined and predictable process for evaluation of the efficacy, safety and PRO measures for new immune-checkpoint inhibitors or disease indications. Further harmonization and collaboration between the EMA and the FDA on the PRO instrument development, measurement and validation are encouraged to increase the efficiency of the decision-making processes in the future.
Japanese Industrial Technical Terms: Word Formation, Word Type and Word Education
Authors: Tuptim Natthira 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In Thailand, Japanese learners need to attend training or internships at respectable Japanese companies. Previous research has found problems with comprehension of technical terms, but there are no studies or research on how technical terms can confuse or may be difficult for learners to use. So, this study is aimed at analyzing word formation and word types of Japanese technical terms in the industry, simplifying what makes technical terms difficult for learners in terms of their morphological knowledge, and offers a way to teach technical terms and enhance learners’ understanding about Japanese technical terms based upon morphological knowledge. The results have shown that in Japanese technical terms, Sino-Japanese or Kango was found mostly when compared to other word types, hybrids, foreign words, and native words. Regarding word formation, compounding is the most common. The difficulties of technical terms could be divided into four types that are unfamiliar with Kango, changing form into hybrids, the different meaning of loanwords, and lack of knowledge of intra-structure of compounds, affixes, and clippings. The test of morphological knowledge by the University of Washington was adapted into learning drills to enhance the knowledge of word types and word formation.