bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fractional boundary element solution of three-temperature thermoelectric problems
Authors: Fahmy Mohamed Abdelsabour , Almehmadi Mohammed M. , Al Subhi Fahad M. , Sohail Ayesha 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe primary goal of this article is to propose a new fractional boundary element technique for solving nonlinear three-temperature (3 T) thermoelectric problems. Analytical solution of the current problem is extremely difficult to obtain. To overcome this difficulty, a new numerical technique must be developed to solve such problem. As a result, we propose a novel fractional boundary element method (BEM) to solve the governing equations of our considered problem. Because of the advantages of the BEM solution, such as the ability to treat problems with complicated geometries that were difficult to solve using previous numerical methods, and the fact that the internal domain does not need to be discretized. As a result, the BEM can be used in a wide variety of thermoelectric applications. The numerical results show the effects of the magnetic field and the graded parameter on thermal stresses. The numerical results also validate the validity and accuracy of the proposed technique.
Negative radiation pressure in metamaterials explained by light-driven atomic mass density rarefication waves
Authors: Partanen Mikko , Tulkki Jukka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe momentum and radiation pressure of light in negative-index metamaterials (NIMs) are commonly expected to reverse their direction from what is observed for normal materials. The negative refraction and inverse Doppler effect of light in NIMs have been experimentally observed, but the equally surprising phenomenon, the negative radiation pressure of light, still lacks experimental verification. We show by simulating the exact position- and time-dependent field-material dynamics in NIMs that the momentum and radiation pressure of light in NIMs can be either positive or negative depending on their subwavelength structure. In NIMs exhibiting negative radiation pressure, the negative total momentum of light is caused by the sum of the positive momentum of the electromagnetic field and the negative momentum of the material. The negative momentum of the material results from the optical force density, which drives atoms backward and reduces the local density of atoms at the site of the light field. In contrast to earlier works, light in NIMs exhibiting negative radiation pressure has both negative total momentum and energy. For the experimental discovery of the negative radiation pressure, one must carefully design the NIM structure and record the joint total pressure of the field and material momentum components.
A multi-suckling system combined with an enriched housing environment during the growing period promotes resilience to various challenges in pigs
Authors: Parois S. P. , Van Der Zande L. E. , Knol E. F. , Kemp B. , Rodenburg T. B. , Bolhuis J. E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the impact of social and environmental enrichment on improving livestock resilience, i.e. the ability to quickly recover from perturbations. We evaluated the effect of an alternative housing system (AHS) on resilience of pigs, as compared to conventional housing (CONV). The AHS consisted of multi-litter housing during lactation, delayed weaning, extra space allowance and environmental enrichment at all times. We assessed recovery to a 2 h-transport challenge, an LPS injection, 2 h-heat stress and a biopsy wound in 96 pigs. Additionally, indicators of long-term “wear and tear” on the body were determined. AHS pigs had better physiological recoveries with quicker returns to baseline in the transport and LPS challenges, showed lower cortisol accumulation in hairs and lower variance in weight gain over the experimental period compared to conventionally-housed (CONV) pigs. They also had higher levels of natural antibodies binding KLH than CONV pigs. Their response to heat stress revealed a different strategy compared to CONV pigs. Taken together, AHS pigs appear to be more resilient and experience less chronic stress. Enhancing welfare by provision of social and environmental enrichment that better meets the behavioural needs of pigs seems to be a promising approach to improve their resilience.
Microwave response of a metallic superconductor subject to a high-voltage gate electrode
Authors: Catto Giacomo , Liu Wei , Kundu Suman , Lahtinen Valtteri , Vesterinen Visa , Möttönen Mikko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProcesses that lead to the critical-current suppression and change of impedance of a superconductor under the application of an external voltage is an active area of research, especially due to various possible technological applications. In particular, field-effect transistors and radiation detectors have been developed in the recent years, showing the potential for precision and sensitivity exceeding their normal-metal counterparts. In order to describe the phenomenon that leads to the critical-current suppression in metallic superconducting structures, a field-effect hypothesis has been formulated, stating that an electric field can penetrate the metallic superconductor and affect its characteristics. The existence of such an effect would imply the incompleteness of the underlying theory, and hence indicate an important gap in the general comprehension of superconductors. In addition to its theoretical value, a complete understanding of the phenomenon underneath the electric-field response of the superconductor is important in the light of the related technological applications. In this paper, we study the change of the characteristics of a superconductor implementing a coplanar-waveguide resonator as a tank circuit, by relating our measurements to the reactance and resistance of the material. Namely, we track the state of the superconductor at different voltages and resulting leakage currents of a nearby gate electrode which is not galvanically connected to the resonator. By comparing the effects of the leakage current and of a change in the temperature of the system, we conclude that the observed behaviour in the superconductor is mainly caused by the heat that is deposited by the leakage current, and bearing the experimental uncertainties, we are not able to observe the effect of the applied electric field in our sample. In addition, we present a relatively good quantitative agreement between the Mattis–Bardeen theory of a heated superconductor and the experimental observations. Importantly, we do not claim this work to nullify the results of previous works, but rather to provide inspiration for future more thorough experiments and analysis using the methods presented here.
Piezoelectric inkjet printing of tyrosinase (polyphenol oxidase) enzyme on atmospheric plasma treated polyamide fabric
Authors: Biswas Tuser T. , Yu Junchun , Nierstrasz Vincent A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTyrosinase enzyme was digitally printed on plasma pretreated polyamide-6,6 fabric using several sustainable technologies. Ink containing carboxymethyl cellulose was found to be the most suitable viscosity modifier for this enzyme. Before and after being deposited on the fabric surface, the printed inks retained enzyme activity of 69% and 60%, respectively, compared to activity prior printing process. A good number of the printed enzyme was found to be strongly adsorbed on the fabric surface even after several rinsing cycles due to surface activation by plasma treatment. Rinsed out fabrics retained a maximum activity of 34% resulting from the well-adsorbed enzymes. The activity of tyrosinase on printed fabrics was more stable than ink solution for at least 60 days. Effects of pH, temperature and enzyme kinetics on ink solution and printed fabrics were assessed. Tyrosinase printed synthetic fabrics can be utilized for a range of applications from biosensing and wastewater treatment to cultural heritage works.
Building block 3D printing based on molecular self-assembly monolayer with self-healing properties
Authors: Hamoudi Hicham , Berdiyorov Golibjon R. , Zekri Atef , Tong Yongfeng , Mansour Said , Esaulov Vladimir A. , Youcef-Toumi Kamal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe spontaneous formation of biological substances, such as human organs, are governed by different stimuli driven by complex 3D self-organization protocols at the molecular level. The fundamentals of such molecular self-assembly processes are critical for fabrication of advanced technological components in nature. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a promising 3D printing method with self-healing property based on molecular self-assembly-monolayer principles, which is conceptually different than the existing 3D printing protocols. The proposed molecular building-block approach uses metal ion-mediated continuous self-assembly of organic molecular at liquid–liquid interfaces to create 2D and 3D structures. Using this technique, we directly printed nanosheets and 3D rods using dithiol molecules as building block units.
A preclinical radiotherapy dosimetry audit using a realistic 3D printed murine phantom
Authors: Biglin Emma R. , Aitkenhead Adam H. , Price Gareth J. , Chadwick Amy L. , Santina Elham , Williams Kaye J. , Kirkby Karen J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPreclinical radiation research lacks standardized dosimetry procedures that provide traceability to a primary standard. Consequently, ensuring accuracy and reproducibility between studies is challenging. Using 3D printed murine phantoms we undertook a dosimetry audit of Xstrahl Small Animal Radiation Research Platforms (SARRPs) installed at 7 UK centres. The geometrically realistic phantom accommodated alanine pellets and Gafchromic EBT3 film for simultaneous measurement of the dose delivered and the dose distribution within a 2D plane, respectively. Two irradiation scenarios were developed: (1) a 10 × 10 mm2 static field targeting the pelvis, and (2) a 5 × 5 mm2 90° arc targeting the brain. For static fields, the absolute difference between the planned dose and alanine measurement across all centres was 4.1 ± 4.3% (mean ± standard deviation), with an overall range of − 2.3 to 10.5%. For arc fields, the difference was − 1.2% ± 6.1%, with a range of − 13.1 to 7.7%. EBT3 dose measurements were greater than alanine by 2.0 ± 2.5% and 3.5 ± 6.0% (mean ± standard deviation) for the static and arc fields, respectively. 2D dose distributions showed discrepancies to the planned dose at the field edges. The audit demonstrates that further work on preclinical radiotherapy quality assurance processes is merited.
Regulation of photosynthetic material production by inter-root microbial extinction and metabolic pathways in sorghum under different nitrogen application patterns
Authors: Fei Zhang , Wang Jiaxu , Zhang Kuangye , Wu Han , Ke Fulai , Duan Youhou , Wang Yanqiu , Zou Jianqiu , Zhu Kai , Zhang Zhipeng , Lu Feng , Zou Hongtao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe development of nitrogen fertilizer green and efficient application technology by exploring the mechanism of efficient sorghum N use is important for sustainable development of sorghum industry as well as barren marginal land development and utilization. This study was conducted in 2018, 2019, and 2020 at Shenyang, China, using the nitrogen-efficient sorghum variety Liaonian No. 3 as material. The correlation between soil microbial species, diversity, and metabolic pathways with photosynthetic parameters and yield traits was analyzed to elucidate the mechanisms of nitrogen utilization and photosynthetic material production in sorghum under four fertilizer application patterns. The results showed that 17 populations of soil inter-root microorganisms were active in the organic fertilizer + 0 kg per hm2of nitrogen (N0Y) model, and the abundance of two key populations, Comamonadaceae and Ellin5301, was significantly increased. Soil microorganisms regulated sorghum growth mainly through 30 pathways, focus including ko00540, ko00471, ko00072 and ko00550, of which ko02030 (Bacterial chemotaxis) and ko00072 (Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies) played the most critical role. The functional analysis of soil microbial populations revealed that N0Y fertilizer model significantly reduced the intracellular trafficking, secretion. In addition, vesicular transport of microorganisms, amino acid transport and metabolism and nucleotide transport and metabolism played a key role in the regulation of population function. Overall, the N0Y model of N-efficient sorghum can achieve high levels of photosynthetic material production and higher yield formation through regulation of population activities and metabolic pathways of loamy microorganisms, resulting in reduced chemical N application and efficient green production of sorghum.
Effect of acute high-intensity exercise on myocardium metabolic profiles in rat and human study via metabolomics approach
Authors: Wu Lijun , Wang Jiayi , Cao Xiuhui , Tian Yue , Li Jia 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAcute high-intensity exercise can affect cardiac health by altering substance metabolism. However, few metabolomics-based studies provide data on the effect of exercise along with myocardial metabolism. Our study aimed to identify metabolic signatures in rat myocardium during acute high-intensity exercise and evaluate their diagnostic potential for sports injuries. We collected rat myocardium samples and subjects’ serum samples before and after acute high-intensity exercise for metabolite profiling to explore metabolic alterations of exercise response in the myocardium. Multivariate analysis revealed myocardium metabolism differed before and after acute high-intensity exercise. Furthermore, 6 target metabolic pathways and 12 potential metabolic markers for acute high-intensity exercise were identified. Our findings provided an insight that myocardium metabolism during acute high-intensity exercise had distinct disorders in complex lipids and fatty acids. Moreover, an increase of purine degradation products, as well as signs of impaired glucose metabolism, were observed. Besides, amino acids were enhanced with a certain protective effect on the myocardium. In this study, we discovered how acute high-intensity exercise affected myocardial metabolism and exercise-related heart injury risks, which can provide references for pre-competition screening, risk prevention, and disease prognosis in competitive sports and effective formulation of exercise prescriptions for different people.
Continuous monitoring of surgical bimanual expertise using deep neural networks in virtual reality simulation
Authors: Yilmaz Recai , Winkler-Schwartz Alexander , Mirchi Nykan , Reich Aiden , Christie Sommer , Tran Dan Huy , Ledwos Nicole , Fazlollahi Ali M. , Santaguida Carlo , Sabbagh Abdulrahman J. , Bajunaid Khalid , Del Maestro Rolando 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn procedural-based medicine, the technical ability can be a critical determinant of patient outcomes. Psychomotor performance occurs in real-time, hence a continuous assessment is necessary to provide action-oriented feedback and error avoidance guidance. We outline a deep learning application, the Intelligent Continuous Expertise Monitoring System (ICEMS), to assess surgical bimanual performance at 0.2-s intervals. A long-short term memory network was built using neurosurgeon and student performance in 156 virtually simulated tumor resection tasks. Algorithm predictive ability was tested separately on 144 procedures by scoring the performance of neurosurgical trainees who are at different training stages. The ICEMS successfully differentiated between neurosurgeons, senior trainees, junior trainees, and students. Trainee average performance score correlated with the year of training in neurosurgery. Furthermore, coaching and risk assessment for critical metrics were demonstrated. This work presents a comprehensive technical skill monitoring system with predictive validation throughout surgical residency training, with the ability to detect errors.
Facile synthesis of ZnOHF/ZIF‐8 composite coating for corrosion protection of Zn–Cu–Ti alloy
Authors: Ni Ya , Zhu Dongdong , Qi Jiqiu , Zhu Lei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractZnOHF/ZIF‐8 (Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks‐8) composite with a thickness of about 13.4 μm was coated on Zn–Cu–Ti alloy via hydrothermal route for the first time and its corrosion resistance performance was investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution. It is found that the Icorr of the composite‐coated alloy (7.03 × 10–4 A/cm2) is lower than that of alloy substrate (12.47 × 10–4 A/cm2). Meanwhile, the composite‐coated alloy shows a higher corrosion product resistance of 121.2 Ω cm2 in comparison with that of the alloy substrate (102.2 Ω cm2). Moreover, after 6 days of immersion, the composite‐coated alloy exhibits a lower corrosion layer thickness. Its coating and corrosion layer is only about 42.5 μm, but for the alloy substrate this value is 67 μm. This work confirms the ZnOHF/ZIF‐8 composite can be used as an effective anti‐corrosion coating for Zn alloy.
Effect of Valsalva Maneuver on Choriocapillary Retinal Microvasculature
Authors: Wiest Maximilian Robert Justus , Hamann Timothy , Zweifel Sandrine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose We aimed to identify and evaluate possible quantitative changes in retinal and choriocapillary blood flow utilizing optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging in
healthy study subjects during the Valsalva maneuver (VM).
Methods OCTA imaging with a ZEISS PlexElite 9000 on one eye was performed. OCTA images were acquired before VM and 5 seconds after. Images were segmented and underwent projection
removal using algorithms supplied by the manufacturer. Analysis of vessel density (VD) and vessel length density (VLD) were performed on superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP)
layer slabs using ImageJ. ImageJ was also utilized for analyzing flow voids (FVs) in the choriocapillary slabs.
Results Ten (8 right, 2 left) eyes of 10 (5 male, 5 female) healthy study subjects were included. Pre-VM, -VD, and -VLD were 0.428 (± 0.291) and 17.871 mm−1
(± 2.22 mm−1) in the SCP and 0.423 (± 0.0213) and 23.850 mm−1 (± 1.023 mm−1) in the DCP. Pre-VM and -FV were measured at 19.686 (± 1.959). During VM, VD,
and VLD in the SCP were 0.417 (± 0.024) and 17.376 mm−1 (± 2.007 mm−1), and in the DCP, 0.426 (± 0.221) and 23.944 mm−1 (± 1.021 mm−1),
respectively. FV post-VM was 20.440 (± 2.062). A paired samples t-test test revealed no significant changes in any of the observed parameters.
Conclusion We did not observe any significant changes in the VD, VLD, or FV. This might be due to autoregulatory processes in the ocular vasculature. Due to the small sample size,
confidence intervals are comparatively large. Further study with more probands might yield different results.
Retrospective Analysis of 12 Months Glaucoma Implant Efficacy: XEN45 and PreserFlo Microshunt
Authors: Saletta Giulia , Alexoudis Antonios , Gatzioufas Zisis , Grieshaber Matthias , Papazoglou Anthia , Tschopp Markus , Töteberg Marc , Gugleta Konstantin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose Several new implant devices have recently been introduced to glaucoma surgery using various techniques for reducing intraocular pressure (IOP). Two implants introduced during
the past couple of years, XEN45 and PreserFlo Microshunt, are both designed to control subconjunctival filtration. There are two Swiss multicenter studies that collected the data
retrospectively to analyze the efficacy and safety of these two devices separately. In this study, we report the analysis of the combined data subset from the University Hospital of
Basel.
Subjects and Methods The XEN45 implantation technique was introduced to Basel University Hospital in 2016 and PreserFlo Microshunt in 2018. Sixty operated patients, thirty in each
group, were operated on by one surgeon, clinically followed up, and their data retrospectively analyzed from medical records. Only standalone procedures, without combined
phacoemulsification, were considered in this analysis; the lens status, however, was neither an inclusion nor an exclusion criterion. Further inclusion criteria were the diagnosis of
open-angle glaucoma, no previous glaucoma surgery, other than laser trabeculoplasty, and complete medical records during the 12 months of follow-up. IOP reduction during a 12-month
postoperative period was the primary outcome measure as well as the number of IOP reducing drugs. The number of subsequent surgical interventions and complications/adverse events are
descriptively reported.
Results Patient age, gender, ophthalmological diagnosis, and initial preoperative IOP were well balanced between the two groups. Postoperative IOP course was comparable between the
two methods for the first 12 months. IOP measurements were taken preoperatively and then on the first postop day, week 1, month 1, and months 3, 6, and 12 for the PreserFlo Microshunt vs.
XEN45 (mmHg): 23.6 vs. 24.9, 9.0 vs. 8.9, 11.4 vs. 10.6, 13.0 vs.18.3, 16.8 vs.15.1, 15.9 vs.15.0, and 15.4 vs.14.5, respectively. IOP reducing medications were also comparable between the
two groups. The study showed that subsequent interventions were more frequent in the XEN45 (13) than in the PreserFlo Microshunt group (7).
Conclusion Both methods demonstrate satisfactory IOP control within a 12-month postoperative period with practically no serious adverse events/complications, but with relatively high
numbers of subsequent interventions (needlings), particularly in the XEN45 group.
“Treat-and-Extend” Regimen for Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Two-Year Retrospective Follow-up Study
Authors: Riecke Julian , Valmaggia Christophe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background After the introduction of a “treat-and-extend” regimen (T&E) with aflibercept for exudative age-related macular degeneration, naive eyes were compared with eyes
pretreated with a “pro re nata” scheme (PRN).
Patients and Methods The Ethics Committee of Eastern Switzerland approved the retrospective single-centre study (EKOS20/084, project ID: 2020-01193). The study included 342 eyes of
303 patients newly treated with or switched to T&E between January 2018 and March 2018 at the Eye Clinic of the Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen. The gender distribution of the treated eyes
was 63.5% (n = 217) female and 36.5% (n = 125) male. The mean age was 81.6 years (SD = 8.6 years). The collective was divided into three groups: 1) naive, untreated eyes (n = 92), 2) eyes
with ≤ 6 previous treatments with PRN (n = 37), 3) eyes with > 6 previous treatments with PRN (n = 213). The following parameters were analysed up to December 2019: the evolution of
visual acuity, the number of intravitreal injections, the number of recurrences, the duration of the follow-up, the dropout rate, and the duration of the last treatment interval.
Results During the observation period, group 1 showed a statistically significant improvement in visual acuity of + 1.5 ETDRS, while groups 2 and 3 showed a decrease in visual acuity
of − 2.9 and − 3.7 ETDRS, respectively. Group 1 had better development of visual acuity than groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.005), while groups 2 and 3 were not significantly different (p = 0.92). The
other parameters examined in the three groups did not differ significantly between groups.
Conclusions Treatment with aflibercept in T&E shows significantly better visual acuity in naive eyes than in eyes pretreated with PRN.