bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Performances of Artificial Intelligence System and
Radiologists in the Ultrasound Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Tang Qing , He Lian-Tu , Chen Feng-Juan , Zhou Da-Zhi , Zhang Yu-Xin , Li Ying-Shan , Tang Min-Xuan , Tang Jia-Xin , Liu Shuo , Chen Zhi-Jie 
Published: April 2022

Aims:
The purpose of this paper is to prospectively evaluate the performance of an artificial
intelligence (AI) system in diagnosing thyroid nodules and to assess its potential value in comparison
with the performance of radiologists with different levels of experience, as well as the factors affecting
its diagnostic accuracy.

Background:
In recent years, medical imaging diagnosis using AI has become a popular topic in clinical
application research.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of an AI system in diagnosing thyroid nodules
and compare it with the performance levels of different radiologists.

Method:
This study involved 426 patients screened for thyroid nodules at the First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangzhou Medical University between July 2017 and March 2019. All of the nodules were evaluated
by radiologists with various levels of experience and an AI system. The diagnostic performances
of two junior and two senior radiologists, an AI system, and an AI-assisted junior radiologist were
compared, as were their diagnostic results with respect to nodules of different sizes.

Result:
The senior radiologists, the AI system, and the AI-assisted junior radiologist performed better
than the junior radiologist (p < 0.05). The area under the curves of the AI system and the AI-assisted
junior radiologist were similar to the curve of the senior radiologists (p > 0.05). The diagnostic results
concerning the two nodule sizes showed that the diagnostic error rates of the AI system, junior radiologists,
and senior radiologists for nodules with a maximum diameter of ≤1 cm (Dmax ≤ 1 cm) were higher
than those for nodules with a maximum diameter of ＞1 cm (Dmax > 1 cm) (23.4% vs. 12.1%, p =
0.002; 26.6% vs. 7.3%, p < 0.001; and 38.3% vs. 14.6%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The AI system is a decision-making tool that could potentially improve the diagnostic
efficiency of junior radiologists. Micronodules with Dmax ≤ 1cm were significantly correlated with
diagnostic accuracy; accordingly, more micronodules of this size, in particular, should be added to the
AI system as training samples.

Other:
The system could be a potential decision-making tool for effectively improving the diagnostic
efficiency of junior radiologists in the community.
Development and Characterization of Polymeric Microsponge as a New
Vehicle to Deliver Urea Topically
Authors: Kumar Lalit , Kumar Rahul , Hussain Syed Basit , Kumari Shivali , Pal Yash 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Topical delivery of therapeutic agents is considered beneficial due to various
advantages like ease of administration, avoidance of the first-pass effect, and improved patient compliance.
Therefore, scientists around the globe are exploring this route for the delivery of drugs nowadays.

Objective::
The present investigation aimed to prepare, optimize, and characterize the urea-loaded microsponges
for efficient topical delivery in vitro.

Methods:
Urea-loaded ethylcellulose microsponges were prepared using quasi emulsion solvent diffusion
technique and optimized using Box–Behnken design (BBD). Furthermore, they were characterized
in-vitro using various techniques like scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry
(DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).
In-vitro drug release and release kinetics analysis was also performed.

Results:
Urea-loaded microsponges were spherical and porous. Optimized urea loaded microsponges
showed a minimum size (39.78 ± 1.98 μm), high entrapment (74.56 ± 2.8%), acceptable polydispersity
index (PDI) (0.224 ± 0.081) and zeta potential (-21.9 ± 2.9 mV). These microsponges were capable of
sustaining the release of urea for 24 h (91.21 ± 5.20%), and the mechanism of release was the combination
of diffusion and erosion.

Conclusion:
The developed microsponge system could be beneficial for topical delivery of urea as it
could reduce the dosing frequency of urea and increase patient compliance through its sustained release.
3D Facial Analysis in Class II Subdivision Malocclusion
Authors: Candida Ettore , Grippaudo Francesca R. , Romeo Cristiana , Tauro Rosita , Blasi Anna , Grippaudo Cristina 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Class II subdivision is an asymmetric condition presenting a Class I dental occlusion on one side and a Class II on the contralateral one. It presents a midline deviation that may be caused by a monolateral distalization of the mandible (type 1) or a mesialization of one side of the maxilla (type 2). The evaluation of asymmetry based on 2D radiographic records has been demonstrated to be less accurate than the one made using 3D radiographs.

Objective:
The aim of this work is to evaluate the facial asymmetry in a group of patients with Class II subdivision, compared to patients in Class I without evident asymmetry, by using 3D photographs of the face.

Methods:
32 young adults with Class II subdivision were compared to a group of 32 subjects with bilateral Class I molar relationship. 3D photograph of their face was acquired using a stereophotogrammetric camera (3dMDtrio System-3dMD Atlanta, GA, USA). 3D photographs were imported into the Geomagic Software to create mirror 3D photography. Independent T-tests were made to compare facial asymmetries measured on Class II subdivision group with the Class I group.

Results:
The results show that there is a statistically significant difference in landmarks location between the control group and the experimental group regarding the values measured at the level of the lips and the perioral area. The asymmetry was more marked in patients with mandibular midline deviation. This is in line with previous observations with radiographic investigations.

Conclusion:
For a correct assessment of the asymmetry, a study of 3D photographs cannot replace an evaluation by cone beam, but it can be an important aid to estimate possible asymmetries in the perioral area and in the lip area.
Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma Masquerading as Localized Periodontal Disease in the Maxilla: A Case Report
Authors: Jalali Elnaz , Mago Jyoti , Tadinada Aditya 
Published: April 2022

Objectives:
Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant neoplasm of epithelium. In the U.S., carcinoma of the gingiva constitutes 4% to 16% of all oral carcinomas. This case report highlights such a case in maxillary gingiva and emphasizes the vital role of dental professionals, especially periodontists and endodontists, in being cognizant that an inflammatory lesion can mimic a serious condition like squamous cell carcinoma.

Case Presentation:
A patient who visited the screening clinic for an ulcerated lesion in the gingiva was otherwise healthy with no associated history of tobacco or any traumatic/persistent traumatic events.
The patient was treated for pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia based on the current condition and negative history of malignancy. On three months of follow-up, computed tomography radiographic evaluation and a biopsy were done, which were positive for the malignancy. Follow-up after six months includes PET, Head MRI, and chest X-ray examinations to rule out any metastatic entity.

Results:
A six-month follow-up radiographic examination revealed metastasis of the entity. Additional findings include pleural effusion and underlying infections.

Conclusion:
Early diagnosis is the key to the treatment plan. It further highlights the role of advanced imaging as a vital tool in determining the extent of the disease. Therefore, any persistent lesion exhibiting features that are not responding to conventional gingival and periodontal treatment options for more than two weeks should be referred for further evaluation to rule out cancer.
Analysis of Expression of Myofibroblasts in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: An Immunohistochemistry Study
Authors: Puri Nidhi , Ahuja Upasana S. , Gupta Ritu , Gandhi Piyush , Punia Ramandeep S. , Choudhary Akshi 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic disease that produces tissue fibrosis and is considered to be a potentially malignant disorder. The exact pathogenesis and malignant conversion mechanism of this disorder are still unknown. Myofibroblasts have been implicated as one of the possible pathological mechanisms responsible for the pathophysiology of OSMF. The present study was conducted to evaluate the expression of myofibroblasts (MF) in normal mucosa and different grades of OSMF.

Materials & Methods:
The sample consisted of a total of 80 specimens. The study group included specimens from clinically and histopathologically confirmed OSMF patients. The specimens were divided into four groups. Group 1 consisted of 19 specimens of grade III OSMF. Group II had 20 specimens of grade II OSMF, Group 3 with 21 specimens of grade I OSMF, and Group 4 constituted a control group of 20 normal epithelium specimens. Two sections each from all the four groups were obtained. While one section was stained with H and E, the other section was stained immunohistochemically using α-smooth muscle antibody. For analysis, the expression of myofibroblasts was categorized as strong, moderate, weak, or absent. All the results were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:
In OSMF patients, irrespective of the grade, the expression of myofibroblast was strong in 28.33 percent of the patients, while it was moderate and weak in 30.00 percent and 40.00 percent of the patients, respectively. Expression of myofibroblast was noted to be significantly increased in grade III OSMF patients as compared to controls as well as grade I OSMF patients (p-value <0.05).

Conclusion:
Myofibroblasts expression is significantly raised in OSMF patients. The expression can also be correlated within different grades of OSMF where advanced stages show comparatively high expression of these smooth muscles like fibroblasts. Hence, we suggest that myofibroblasts could be assessed as markers for analyzing the progression of OSMF.
Evaluation of Neutrophilic Receptors; CXCL8 and CXCR2 in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis Compared to Healthy Subjects by Real Time PCR Method
Authors: Shiezadeh Farid , Azami Negar , Arab Hamid Reza , Rezaee Seyed Abdol Rahim , Moeintaghavi Amir , Banihashemrad Ahmad 
Published: April 2022

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the levels of CXCL8 and its receptor (CXCR2) in gingival tissue neutrophils from patients with chronic periodontitis compared to periodontal healthy subjects using Real Time PCR method.

Methods:
The test group consisted of 21 patients with chronic periodontitis and the control group consisted of 18 healthy individuals. In both groups, gingival tissue samples were obtained during periodontal surgery.CXCL8 and CXCR2 RNA in tissue samples were examined by PCR method, and then the levels of genes expression were measured. Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
CXCL8 gene expression in the gingival tissue of the test group with chronic periodontitis was significantly higher than the control group (p=0.028). CXCR2 gene expression in the gingival tissue of the test group with chronic periodontitis was significantly lower than the control group (p=0.043). In both test and control groups, there was a negative correlation between CXCL8 and CXCR2 gene expression. This correlation was statistically significant in the test group (p=0.001), but there was no significant correlation in the control group (p=0.431).

Conclusion:
The results of this present study suggested that the level of gene expression for CXCL8 was greater in patients with chronic periodontitis and CXCR2 was greater in healthy individuals. Although in people with chronic periodontitis, CXCR2 decreases slightly as CXCL8 levels increase.
Circulating MicroRNAs as a New Class of Biomarkers of Physiological
Reactions of the Organism to the Intake of Dietary Supplements and
Drugs
Authors: Postnikov Pavel V. , Efimova Yulia A. , Pronina Irina V. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
The analysis of individual microRNAs (miRNAs) as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for the effective treatment of various diseases has aroused particular interest in the scientific community. The determination of circulating miRNAs makes it possible to assess biologi-cal changes associated with nutritional processes, the intake of dietary supplements and drugs, etc. The profile of circulating miRNAs reflects the individual adaptation of the organism to the effect of specific environmental conditions.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to systematize the data and show the importance of circu-lating miRNAs as new potential biomarkers of the organism's response to the intake of various die-tary supplements, drugs, and consider the possibility of their use in doping control.

Method:
A systematic analysis of scientific publications (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) on the miRNA expres-sion profile in response to the intake of dietary supplements and drugs most often used by athletes, and supposed their role as potential markers in modern doping control was carried out.

Results:
The profile of circulating miRNAs is highly dependent on the intake of a particular drug, and, therefore, may be used as a marker of the effects of biologically active supplements and drugs including the substances from the Prohibited List of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).

Conclusion:
Monitoring of circulating miRNAs can serve as a high-precision marker for detecting doping abuse in elite sports. However, it is necessary to conduct additional studies on the effect of complex drugs on the profile of circulating miRNAs and individual circulating miRNAs on a par-ticular biological process.
Cinética de secado por convección del epicarpio de calabaza de Cucurbita Maxima y sus usos en el desarrollo de pan sin gluten
Authors: López Mejía Natali , Morales Posada Nelly Bibiana , Lobatón García Hugo Fabian 
Published: April 2022

Con este estudio se obtuvieron modelos matemáticos semi-empíricos que representan la cinética de secado convectivo del epicarpio de zapallo a diferentes temperaturas (55, 65 y 75 ° C / 10% HR / velocidad de secado 1ms-1). Se seleccionó la mejor condición de secado con la que se obtuvo la harina, la cual se caracterizó y utilizó para la elaboración de la torta libre gluten. Posteriormente, se evaluó el efecto de incorporar harina de epicarpio de calabaza en 4 niveles (control 0, 15, 20 y 25g / 100 g de harina) sobre la aceptación sensorial de la torta. Como resultados se obtuvo que el modelo de dos términos describe mejor la curva obtenida a 55 ° C, y el modelo logarítmico describe mejor las curvas obtenidas a 65 ° C y 75 ° C. Se seleccionó la temperatura de 65 ° C como la mejor condición de secado. Finalmente, la mayor aceptación e intención de compra se obtuvo en el pan formulado con 15 g / 100 g de harina de epicarpio de calabaza.
Toward Using Twitter for PrEP-Related Interventions: An Automated Natural Language Processing Pipeline for Identifying Gay or Bisexual Men in the United States
Authors: Klein Ari Z , Meanley Steven , O'Connor Karen , Bauermeister José A , Gonzalez-Hernandez Graciela 
Published: April 2022

Background
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective at preventing the acquisition of HIV. There is a substantial gap, however, between the number of people in the United States who have indications for PrEP and the number of them who are prescribed PrEP. Although Twitter content has been analyzed as a source of PrEP-related data (eg, barriers), methods have not been developed to enable the use of Twitter as a platform for implementing PrEP-related interventions.

Objective
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are the population most affected by HIV in the United States. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (1) develop an automated natural language processing (NLP) pipeline for identifying men in the United States who have reported on Twitter that they are gay, bisexual, or MSM and (2) assess the extent to which they demographically represent MSM in the United States with new HIV diagnoses.

Methods
Between September 2020 and January 2021, we used the Twitter Streaming Application Programming Interface (API) to collect more than 3 million tweets containing keywords that men may include in posts reporting that they are gay, bisexual, or MSM. We deployed handwritten, high-precision regular expressions—designed to filter out noise and identify actual self-reports—on the tweets and their user profile metadata. We identified 10,043 unique users geolocated in the United States and drew upon a validated NLP tool to automatically identify their ages.

Results
By manually distinguishing true- and false-positive self-reports in the tweets or profiles of 1000 (10%) of the 10,043 users identified by our automated pipeline, we established that our pipeline has a precision of 0.85. Among the 8756 users for which a US state–level geolocation was detected, 5096 (58.2%) were in the 10 states with the highest numbers of new HIV diagnoses. Among the 6240 users for which a county-level geolocation was detected, 4252 (68.1%) were in counties or states considered priority jurisdictions by the Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative. Furthermore, the age distribution of the users reflected that of MSM in the United States with new HIV diagnoses.

Conclusions
Our automated NLP pipeline can be used to identify MSM in the United States who may be at risk of acquiring HIV, laying the groundwork for using Twitter on a large scale to directly target PrEP-related interventions at this population.
Augmented Reality-Based Surgery on the Human Cadaver Using a New Generation of Optical Head-Mounted Displays: Development and Feasibility Study
Authors: Puladi Behrus , Ooms Mark , Bellgardt Martin , Cesov Mark , Lipprandt Myriam , Raith Stefan , Peters Florian , Möhlhenrich Stephan Christian , Prescher Andreas , Hölzle Frank , Kuhlen Torsten Wolfgang , Modabber Ali 
Published: April 2022

Background
Although nearly one-third of the world’s disease burden requires surgical care, only a small proportion of digital health applications are directly used in the surgical field. In the coming decades, the application of augmented reality (AR) with a new generation of optical-see-through head-mounted displays (OST-HMDs) like the HoloLens (Microsoft Corp) has the potential to bring digital health into the surgical field. However, for the application to be performed on a living person, proof of performance must first be provided due to regulatory requirements. In this regard, cadaver studies could provide initial evidence.

Objective
The goal of the research was to develop an open-source system for AR-based surgery on human cadavers using freely available technologies.

Methods
We tested our system using an easy-to-understand scenario in which fractured zygomatic arches of the face had to be repositioned with visual and auditory feedback to the investigators using a HoloLens. Results were verified with postoperative imaging and assessed in a blinded fashion by 2 investigators. The developed system and scenario were qualitatively evaluated by consensus interview and individual questionnaires.

Results
The development and implementation of our system was feasible and could be realized in the course of a cadaver study. The AR system was found helpful by the investigators for spatial perception in addition to the combination of visual as well as auditory feedback. The surgical end point could be determined metrically as well as by assessment.

Conclusions
The development and application of an AR-based surgical system using freely available technologies to perform OST-HMD–guided surgical procedures in cadavers is feasible. Cadaver studies are suitable for OST-HMD–guided interventions to measure a surgical end point and provide an initial data foundation for future clinical trials. The availability of free systems for researchers could be helpful for a possible translation process from digital health to AR-based surgery using OST-HMDs in the operating theater via cadaver studies.
Profil Penggunaan Kosmetika di kalangan Remaja Putri SMK Indonesia Yogyakarta
Authors: Lestari Ratih Dwi , Widayati Aris 
Published: April 2022

Remaja memiliki kecenderungan senang bereksplorasi dengan mencoba berbagai jenis produk kosmetika. Namun demikian, keamanan harus menjadi pertimbangan dalam pemilihan dan penggunaan produk kosmetika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan profil penggunaan kosmetika di kalangan remaja putri. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, yang merupakan studi pendahuluan (preliminary research) dari studi yang lebih besar tentang perilaku penggunaan kosmetika di kalangan remaja putri. Responden penelitian adalah siswa putri SMK INDONESIA Yogyakarta. Data dikumpulkan dengan panduan wawancara terstruktur dalam bentuk google form kepada 294 responden. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat 19 jenis sediaan kosmetika untuk wajah. Alasan menggunakan kosmetika diantaranya untuk merawat kulit wajah (87%), menambah kepercayaan diri (8%), mengikuti trend (2%), menghilangkan jerawat (1%), agar kulit tidak kusam (1%), dan penghargaan pada diri sendiri (1%). Sumber informasi produk kosmetika diperoleh melalui media sosial (32%), teman (23%), internet (20%), saudara 17%, dan iklan TV (8%). Tempat membeli produk kosmetika diantaranya toko/swalayan (59%), online shop (27%), dan klinik kecantikan (14%). Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk menggali faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku penggunaan kosmetika di kalangan remaja putri dan aspek keamanan dari kosmetika yang banyak digunakan.
Gambaran Pelaporan Inspeksi Berkala Setelah Diberlakukan Sistem Pelaporan Online
Authors: Yunita Wijayanti Vika Marlyn 
Published: April 2022

Pendahuluan: Pelaporan inspeksi berkala sebelumnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan form checklist kemudian data inspeksi dimasukkan ke dalam tabel Excel secara manual. Hal tersebut dinilai tidak efektif karena banyak menggunakan kertas, lembar inspeksi kurang komunikatif, waktu pelaksanaan inspeksi tidak terpantau dan pengelolaan data pelaporan membutuhkan waktu relatif lama. Instalasi Farmasi RSUP Dr Sardjito berinovasi dengan menerapkan inspeksi berkala berbasis online. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat peningkatan jumlah pelaksanaan inspeksi, ketepatan waktu pelaporan inspeksi, dan kesesuaian pengisian inspeksi berkala setelah pelaksanaan pelaporan inspeksi online. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif observasional. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 109 ruang yang digunakan sebagai lokasi penyimpanan obat di RSUP Dr Sardjito. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menghitung persentase pelaksanaan inspeksi, ketepatan waktu inspeksi, dan kesesuaian pengisian inspeksi dari google form dan aplikasi. Hasil. Jumlah pelaksanaan inspeksi naik sebesar 5,51% saat menggunakan aplikasi dibandingkan dengan manual. Terjadi peningkatan ketepatan waktu pelaporan inspeksi sebesar 7,7% setelah menggunakan aplikasi online dibandingkan saat menggunakan google form. Terjadi peningkatan kesesuaian pengisian data inspeksi setelah menggunakan google form sebesar 15% sedangkan dengan menggunakan aplikasi meningkat sebesar 34,38%. Kesimpulan. Terjadi peningkatan jumlah dalam pelaksanaan inspeksi, ketepatan waktu pelaporan inspeksi dan kesesuaian pengisian inspeksi berkala setelah pelaksanaan inspeksi berkala online.