bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress in Fish Cyprinus Carpio Caused By Oxytetracycline
Authors: M Sharma , P Daundkar , D Rani 
Published: March 2022

Environment pollution is posing threat to humans and animals. Environmental pollution is caused by anthropogenic activities and is a major problem in many countries. The present study was investigated to find the oxidative stress induced by oxytetracycline in fish Cyprinus carpio. The acute exposure was given for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs of exposure. The sublethal concentration decided was 80 mg/l. Under oxidative stress, parameters such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were studied and a significant reduction in the activity of GST, CAT and SOD was observed in the treated group as compared to control. A significant decrease in SOD and CAT is at 72 and 96 hours of exposure while, a significant decline trend after 24 hours of exposure in GST activity was observed. Acute exposure of OTC enhanced reactive oxygen species formation and inhibited antioxidant capacities in the fish. Based on the results it is evident that oxytetracycline is causing oxidative stress in fish. It is also demonstrated that oxidative stress biomarker may play important in biomonitoring assessment protocol.
Method Development, Validation and Forced Degradation Studies For the Determination of Moxifloxacin in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Using UV Spectroscopy
Authors: Aruna E. , Sri K. Bhavya , Sumakanth M. 
Published: March 2022

The objective of this work was to develop and validate spectrophotometric method for moxifloxacin for analysis. A very simple, unique, novel, reliable and easy method of spectrophotometric estimation in UV-region has been developed for the assay of moxifloxacin tablet formulation and also to perform forced degradation studies.
Method: water was used as diluents to perform all the validation parameters and stress studies.
Results: ICH guidelines were adopted during the method development and the method was validated statistically by calculating RSD and %RSD. The drug obeys Beer’s lamberts law at 1-10 mcg/ml concentration. Accuracy, Linearity, precision and robustness LOD at 3.3 ppb levels, LOQ at 11.2 ppb levels was performed. % of drug Degradations at different parameters were determined.
Conclusion: - This method can be used for the routine laboratory analysis and can extend the studies to chromatographic techniques.
MENINGKATKAN KECERDASAN KINESTETIK MELALUI TARIAN TRADISIONAL PADA KELOMPOK B
Authors: Susanti Aan , Jumiatin Dedah 
Published: March 2022

The intelligence that is important and must be possessed in early childhood is kinesthetic intelligence or it can also be called gross motor skills, there are many ways to stimulate children's kinesthetic intelligence, namely playing soccer, playing basketball, running, catching the ball, climbing in the area. play and dance. Stimulation of the kinesthetic intelligence of early childhood can be done by dancing is very important to support children's intelligence which is not only academic intelligence needed by early childhood students. However, at RA AL-IKHLAS II Cisarua there are some children whose kinesthetic intelligence abilities are still below the average because at the school they are still very monotonous in their stimulus activities. The teacher only prioritizes academic intelligence compared to other intelligences that might make the child smarter in the future with the skills possessed such as being a professional dancer. The teacher only gave writing and reading assignments to the children at RA AL-IKHLAS II, so the research was carried out with traditional dance activities using the classroom action research method. The research subjects were children aged 4-5 years at RA Al-Ikhlas II Cisarua. This research technique is observation with qualitative data analysis. Based on the results of the study, it was found that 92% of children's intelligence abilities increased after the stimulus for dancing traditional dances was done.Kecerdasan yang penting dan harus dimiliki dalam diri anak usia dini salah satunya yaitu kecerdasan kinestetik atau bisa disebut juga dengan motorik kasar, banyak cara untuk menstimulus kecerdasan kinestetik anak yaitu bisa dengan bermain sepak bola, bermain bola basket, berlari, menangkap bola, memanjat di area bermain dan menari. Stimulasi kecerdasan kinestteik anak usia dini bisa dilakukan dengan menari sangatlah penting untuk mendukung kecerdasan anak yang memang bukan hanya kecerdasan akademik saja yang dibutuhkan oleh anak uisi dini. Tetapi, di RA AL-IKHLAS II Cisarua terdapat beberapa anak yang memang kemampuan kecerdasan kinestetiknya masih dibawah rata-rata itu dikarenakan di sekolah tersebut masih sangat monoton dalam kegiatan stimulusnya. Guru hanya mengedepankan kecerdasan akademik disbanding kecerdasan yang lain yang mungkin saja bisa menjadikan anak tersebut menjadi lebih cerdas dimasa depan dengan keahlian yang dimiliki seperti menjadi penari professional.Guru hanya memberikan tugas menulis dan membaca saja pada anak-anak di RA AL-IKHLAS II, sehingga penelitian dilakukan dengan kegiatan menari tarian tradisional dengan yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian Tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian adalah anak usia 4-5 tahun di RA Al-Ikhlas II Cisarua. Teknik penelitian ini adalah observasi dengan analisis data kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil 92% bahwa kemampuan kecerdasan anak meningkat setelah dilakukannya stimulus menari tarian tradisional.
IMPLEMENTASI KEGIATAN MENGANYAM DARI BAHAN BEKAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS PADA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI MASA PEMBELAJARAN DARING
Authors: Alhayu Rofi , Jumiatin Dedah 
Published: March 2022

Many ways can be used to increase children's creativity, one of which is by utilizing the use of used goods, so children will get used to being grateful and can use objects around them because objects that were previously unused or thrown away can be processed into goods. which is useful. Related to creativity, this study aims to describe the implementation of weaving activities from used materials to increase creativity in children aged 5-6 years in the online learning period. This research methodology uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques of observation, interviews, and documentation, and data analysis using data reduction, data display, and concluding with the research subjects being 11 children aged 5-6 years. Based on the results of research from data obtained during research at Kober Azzahra Cimahi, it was proven that the implementation of weaving activities from used materials to increase creativity in children aged 5-6 years during the online learning period at Kober Az Zahra Cimahi increased significantly on all indicators of children's creativity.Banyak cara yang bisa digunakan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas anak salah satunya yaitu dengan memanfaatkan penggunaan barang bekas, dengan begitu anak akan membiasakan diri untuk bersyukur dan dapat memanfaatkan benda-benda yang ada di sekitarnya, karena benda yang semula sudah tidak terpakai atau dibuang dapat diolah menjadi barang yang bermanfaat. Terkait dengan kreativitas maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi kegiatan menganyam dari bahan bekas untuk meningkatkan kreativitas pada anak usia 5-6 tahun di masa pembelajaran daring. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi dan analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, display data dan menarik kesimpulan dengan subjek penelitian adalah anak usia 5-6 tahun yang berjumlah 11 anak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari data yang didapat selama penelitian di Kober Azzahra Cimahi terbukti bahwa implementasi kegiatan menganyam dari bahan bekas untuk meningkatkan kreativitas pada anak usia 5-6 tahun di masa pembelajaran daringdi Kober Az Zahra Cimahi meningkat signifikan pada semua indikatorkreativitas anak.
STIMULASI KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA ANYAMAN DAUN PISANG PADA ANAK KELOMPOK B RA QURROTA A’YUN CISARUA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN DARING
Authors: Tarliah Tarliah , Komala Komala 
Published: March 2022

This research was motivated by the low fine motor skills at RA Qurrota A'yun Cisarua due to the impact of the Covid-19 outbreak. So that learning is carried out online and the stimulation of children's fine motor development is not paid attention to. This research was conducted to stimulate the fine motor skills of children in group B using banana leaf woven media through online learning, can it improve children's fine motor skills? The research method used is descriptive and the approach used is qualitative, data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis technique used is narrative. The subjects of this study were 5 children of group B RA Qurrota A'yun Cisarua consisting of 2 girls and 3 boys. The purpose of this study 1. Planning for stimulation of fine motor skills 2. Children's responses 3. Difficulties experienced by children 4. Obstacles faced by teachers when implementing stimulation activities. The results of this study were that the planning of fine motor stimulation went well, the child responded well, the child had no difficulty nor did he ask his parents for help to do his work, and there were 8 obstacles experienced by the teacher, one of which was a bad internet connection. So the researchers can conclude that the use of banana leaf media to stimulate children's fine motor skills through weaving activities worked well.Latar belakang penelitian adalah rendahnya kemampuan motorik halus di RA Qurrota A’yun Cisarua akibat dampak adanya wabah Covid-19. Sehingga pembelajaran dilaksanakan secara daring dan stimulasi perkembangan motorik halus anak kurang diperhatikan. Penelitian ini untuk stimulasi kemampuan motorik halus anak kelompok B menggunakan media anyaman daun pisang melalui pembelajaran daring, apakah dapat meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak?. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Deskriptif dan pendekatan yang digunakan kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah naratif. Subjek penelitian ini anak kelompok B RA Qurrota A’yun Cisarua berjumlah 5 orang terdiri dari 2 orang anak perempuan dan 3 orang anak laki-laki. Tujuan penelitian ini 1. Perencanaan stimulasi kemampuan motorik halus 2. Respon anak 3. Kesulitan-kesulitan yang dialami anak 4. Kendala-kendala yang dihadapi guru saat mengimplementasikan kegiatan stimulasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah perencanaan stimulasi motorik halus berjalan baik, anak merespon dengan baik, anak sudah tidak mengalami kesulitan juga tidak meminta bantuan orang tuanya untuk mengerjakan tugasnya, dan ada 8 kendala yang dialami guru salah satunya koneksi internet yang buruk. Maka dapat peneliti simpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan media daun pisang untuk menstimulasi kemampuan motorik halus anak melalui kegiatan menganyam berhasil baik.
The impact of ageing on the NHS
Authors: Cervoni Edoardo , Cervoni Francesca 
Published: March 2022

The human body is, by definition, a “corpus”. This Latin term
emphasises the synergy and interdependence of each of its parts. There
is no scientific basis for estimating the number of specialists of
various types needed to meet the population’s needs of the type of
interventions that confer benefit. However, it is virtually certain that
the proper functioning of the filter could free up more time for
properly deployed specialists to provide services that would
significantly improve health and, above all, equity in health.
Recognition of the importance of first contact function in Primary Care
as a filter and co-ordinator, should lead us to better clinical outcomes
for the most part. The government should recognise, protect, and
prioritise, the role of the Primary Care interface.
Using an Electronic Health Record and Deficit Accumulation to Pragmatically Identify Candidates for Optimal Prescribing in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Callahan Kathryn E. , Lenoir Kristin M. , Usoh Chinenye O. , Williamson Jeff D. , Brown LaShanda Y. , Moses Adam W. , Hinely Molly , Neuwirth Zeev , Pajewski Nicholas M. 
Published: March 2022

Objective
Despite guidelines recommending less stringent glycemic goals for older adults with type 2 diabetes, overtreatment is prevalent. Pragmatic approaches for prioritizing patients for optimal prescribing are lacking. We describe glycemic control and medication patterns for older adults with type 2 diabetes in a contemporary cohort, exploring variability by frailty status.

Research Design and Methods
This was a cross-sectional observational study based on electronic health record (EHR) data, within an accountable care organization (ACO) affiliated with an academic medical center/health system. Participants were ACO-enrolled adults with type 2 diabetes who were ≥65 years of age as of 1 November 2020. Frailty status was determined by an automated EHR-based frailty index (eFI). Diabetes management was described by the most recent A1C in the past 2 years and use of higher-risk medications (insulin and/or sulfonylurea).

Results
Among 16,973 older adults with type 2 diabetes (mean age 75.2 years, 9,154 women [53.9%], 77.8% White), 9,134 (53.8%) and 6,218 (36.6%) were classified as pre-frail (0.10 &lt; eFI ≤0.21) or frail (eFI &gt;0.21), respectively. The median A1C level was 6.7% (50 mmol/mol) with an interquartile range of 6.2–7.5%, and 74.1 and 38.3% of patients had an A1C &lt;7.5% (58 mmol/mol) and &lt;6.5% (48 mmol/mol), respectively. Frailty status was not associated with level of glycemic control (P = 0.08). A majority of frail patients had an A1C &lt;7.5% (58 mmol/mol) (n = 4,544, 73.1%), and among these patients, 1,755 (38.6%) were taking insulin and/or a sulfonylurea.

Conclusion
Treatment with insulin and/or a sulfonylurea to an A1C levels &lt;7.5% is common in frail older adults. Tools such as the eFI may offer a scalable approach to targeting optimal prescribing interventions.
Epistemic Causality in Literary Discourse of M. Amis
Authors: Petrenko S. A. , Petrenko A. Ph. 
Published: March 2022

Epistemic causal relations in the discourse of Martin Amis are studied on the example of complex statements with the connector because, which expresses the non-self-causal relationship between propositions. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of studying the logical and semantic essence of causality as a basic category of human thinking. The mechanism of causal argumentation is considered from the point of view of the cognitive interaction of cause-and-effect elements of discourse. Attention is paid to epistemic argumentative relations, which are a sequential unfolding of the thought process with the reverse / regressive conditionality of events, where the opinion-conclusion is followed by the argument from which this conclusion was formulated. A wide range of functional and semantic roles of the causal connector as an explicator of epistemic causality is described. The contextual analysis of microsituations with the connector because reveals a variety of logical connections between inversely related propositions, as well as in constructions close to paratactic ones. The specificity of the functional capabilities of the conjunction under study is described, which leads the authors to create a classification of epistemic causal relations with the causal conjunction because in English is described. Four epistemic functions of the connector because are identified: discursive-reflexive, expressive-epistemic, implicit-epistemic, and logical-discursive.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy: Rapid and Simultaneous Approach to Predict the Fixed Carbon, Volatile Matter and Ash Contents in Biochar Produced from Agricultural Residues
Authors: Munawar Agus Arip , Devianti  , Satriyo Purwana , Bahari Shahril Anuar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Presented paper aimed to employ the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid and simultaneous method for quality assessment of biochar samples made of agricultural waste materials (chatter bamboo; firewood; coconut shell). Spectral data were obtained in the wavelength range of 1000–2500 nm, while actual fixed carbon, volatile matter and ash contents were observed using standard chemical analysis. Moreover, prediction models were established using two different regression approaches: principal component regression and partial least square regression. Prediction performances were evaluated by assessment of several statistical indicators, such as correlation coefficient and ratio of prediction to deviation index. The results showed that PLS generated a better prediction performance with maximum r coefficient and RPD index – 0.89 and 2.26 for fixed carbon; 0.93 and 2.84 for volatile matter; 0.90 and 2.30 for ash content. Based on the results acquired, it can be concluded that NIRS is usable for the purposes of a rapid and simultaneous approach to biochar quality determination.
Optimized Mathematical Model of a Grain Cleaning System Functioning in a Combine Harvester using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Mirzazadeh Ali , Abdollahpour Shamsollah , Hakimzadeh Mehdi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The performance of grain combine harvesters is determined by three factors: threshing power, losses and fuel consumption. Loss can be reduced by separating processes and providing a suitable mathematical model for each of them by examining and measuring the factors influencing loss and optimizing their function. This model is then to be used for the purposes of controlling the system. An important process that has a significant impact on combine loss is the cleaning system. This study modelled and optimized the function of a cleaning system using response surface methodology (RSM). Feed rate, fan speed, and upper sieve opening were considered independent variables; the percentage of grain passage, content of materials-other-than-grains (MOG), and semi threshed cluster (s.t.c.) passing through the upper sieve were viewed as dependent variables. The results showed a significant effect of all three independent variables on the percentage of free grains with a probability level of 0.01. However, not all interactions were significant. Moreover, it was found that only mechanical factors had a significant effect on the percentage of s.t.c. passing, while fan speed and all interactions showed no significant effect. All three independent variables significantly affected the MOG content passing. An appropriate exponential model was found for all three dependent variables. Subsequently, the optimal conditions were determined for the maximum passage of free grains through the upper sieve and the minimum MOG at 3.33 kg·s−1 feed rate, 742 rpm fan speed, and an upper sieve with 10 mm openings with a desirability of 0.84, based on RSM modelling.
Cost of diagnosing and treating cognitive complaints: One-year cost-evaluation study in a patient cohort from a Slovenian memory clinic
Authors: Županič Eva , Wimo Anders , Winblad Bengt , Kramberger Milica Gregorič 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Dementias present a global health challenge and give rise to significant economic costs. This study aims to evaluate the economic impact of one-year outpatient healthcare, nursing home, and formal and informal home help costs for all patients referred to the Centre for Cognitive Impairments at the Department of Neurology, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, Slovenia.

Methods
Data was acquired retrospectively from physicians’ records and the costs for 2015 were calculated. Total costs were estimated by means of a bottom-up calculation of outpatient visits, diagnostic examinations and anti-dementia medication. In a subgroup of 120 patients with dementia, the Resource Utilization in Dementia questionnaire was used to estimate formal and informal care costs.

Results
A total of 720 patients visited the memory clinic in 2015. Diagnosis at first visit was subjective cognitive or mild cognitive impairment (SCI/ MCI) for 322 patients, dementia for 258 patients, and psychiatric or other disorders for 140 patients. The average annual cost per patient was EUR 578. It was highest for patients with dementia (EUR 751), EUR 550 for patients with SCI/MCI, and lowest for patients with psychiatric and other disorders (EUR 324). Monthly informal and social care costs were between EUR 1,037 and EUR 3,369, depending on the methodology used.

Conclusion
The cost of diagnosing a cognitive disorder depends on how extensive the diagnosis is. With an estimated prevalence of 34,137 persons with dementia in Slovenia, basic diagnostic investigations incur costs of approximately EUR 7 million. Direct medical costs represent a smaller portion of total dementia costs; this is because annual costs for formal and informal home help are estimated at EUR 265 million and nursing home placements at EUR 105 million.
TINGKAT KEBERLANJUTAN ASPEK VIABILITY DI RUANG PUBLIK PADA PANDEMI COVID-19 (Lokasi Studi: Alun-Alun Bandung)
Authors: Maghfirroh Adiena 
Published: March 2022

Pada masa Pandemi COVID-19 saat ini, peran ruang publik sangat penting bagi masyarakat perkotaan untuk bersosialisasi, kegiatan olahraga dan aktivitas ekonomi tetapi dengan para pengguna untuk tetap dapat saling menjaga jarak fisik sesuai dengan peraturan pemerintah yang ada. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat keberlanjutan pada aspek viability di alun-alun Bandung pada masa Pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengambilan data pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan kajian literatur, observasi lapangan dan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat keberlanjutan pada aspek viability di alun-alun Bandung dan tidak terdapat perubahan secara elemen fisik di alun-alun Bandung pada masa Pandemi COVID-19.