bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Container Size and Shape on the Growth of Northern Red Oak Seedlings
Authors: Hanson P. J. , Dixon R. K. , Dickson R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings were grown in six container configurations differing in diameter, length, and volume. More shoot and lateral root dry weight was produced in a cylindrical polyvinylchloride (PVC) container 15.4 × 36 cm containing 6333 cm3 of potting medium than in containers with less medium volume. Seedling growth did not increase in a 15.4 × 110 cm container even though the potting medium volume was increased. Of all container variables measured, the ratio of potting medium surface area to potting medium depth (SA:D) showed the best correlation to seedling dry weight accumulation. Water or nutrient deficiencies could not be eliminated as factors contributing to differences in seedling growth.
Factors Regulating Overwinter Survival of Newly Propagated Stem Tip Cuttings of Acer palmatum Thunb. ‘Bloodgood’ and Cornus florida L. var. rubra
Authors: Goodman Michael A. , Stimart Dennis P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Propagation time, N, and shoot growth were studied for their effects on overwinter survival of newly rooted stem tip cuttings of Acer palmatum Thunb. ‘Blood-good’ and Cornus florida L. var. rubra. Propagation of A. palmatum and C. florida in May and June, respectively, resulted in a greater number of plants with shoot growth after rooting compared to those propagated later. Removal of a terminal leaf on A. palmatum after rooting increased the percentage of plants with shoot growth. Nitrogen application after rooting decreased survival before winter storage for A. palmatum propagated in May and C. florida propagated in June and July. May propagation of A. palmatum reduced overwinter survival, whereas propagation date did not affect overwintering of C. florida significantly. Plants with shoot growth and not given N had best overwinter survival, followed by plants with shoot growth given N. Poorest overwintering occurred on both species given N that failed to grow prior to winter storage. Nitrogen application to these plants when newly propagated should be avoided until the role of N is better understood.
Changes in Longan and Rambutan During Postharvest Storage
Authors: Paull Robert E. , Chen Nancy J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Compositional changes of longan [Euphoria longan (Lour.) Stend] and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) collected in two seasons were measured during storage at two temperatures. Seasonal variation reflected both preharvest conditions and maturity at harvest. Total sugars and titratable acidity of longan aril showed little change after harvest at 4° and 22°C. Sucrose of rambutan aril increased from 51 mg·g−1 to 76 mg·g−1 when fruit were stored at 12°, and no change occurred when stored at 22°. Titratable acidity, 20.8 meq·g−1 at harvest in rambutan aril, first declined and then increased at both storage regimes. Succinic acid was found in rambutan aril only at harvest and declined rapidly to an undetectable level. No malic acid was detected in rambutan. A high level of citric acid (≈175 meq·g1) was maintained during storage. The organic acids in longan aril were succinic, malic, and citric acids, present in a ratio of 10:5:1. Ascorbic acid content declined in aril tissue of both longan and rambutan during storage. Total phenols showed little change in either fruit during storage. Except for the changes noted, there were only minor compositional changes in longan fruit stored for 35 days at 4° and rambutan stored for 20 days at 12°.
Tolerance of Tomato Strains to Phosphorus Deficiency in Root Culture
Authors: Coltman Robert R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Root culture was adapted for screening a diverse collection of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) strains for tolerance to low supplies of P. Fifty-one tomato strains were screened in 10 consecutive experiments for root fresh weight (RFW) production with high non-growth-limiting (25 μm) and low growth-limiting (7 μm) concentrations of P in a sterile, liquid medium. Twenty strains showing the most and least restricted root growth at low P in the initial 10 experiments were grown simultaneously in three final screening experiments. Restrictions in RFW at low P averaged 51% for four strains, consequently classed as low-P “intolerant”, and averaged 27% for three strains, consequently considered low-P “tolerant”. At high P, RFW of tolerant strains averaged 17% less than RFW of intolerant strains. At low P, RFW of tolerant strains averaged 23% greater than RFW of intolerant strains. The greater RFW production of intolerant strains at high P was due to higher internal P use ratios (IPUR = mg root dry weight (RDW) per mg P adsorbed). Differences in growth at low P were due primarily to differences in P uptake. However, the relative contributions of P use and P uptake efficiencies to low-P tolerance were different among strains. Root hairs of tolerant strains at low P were longer and covered a greater proportion of the root length than root hairs of intolerant strains. The pH of the culture medium of one tolerant strain was significantly lower than the medium pHs of the other strains.
Stimulating Productivity of Hydroponic Lettuce in Controlled Environments with Triacontanol
Authors: Knight Sharon L. , Mitchell Cary A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Triacontanol (1-triacontanol) applied as a foliar spray at 10−7 m to 4-day-old, hydroponically grown leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings in a controlled environment increased leaf fresh and dry weight 13% to 20% and root fresh and dry weight 13% to 24% 6 days after application, relative to plants sprayed with water. When applied at 8 as well as 4 days after seeding, triacontanol increased plant fresh and dry weight, leaf area, and mean relative growth rate 12% to 37%. There was no benefit of repeating application of triacontanol in terms of leaf dry weight gain.
Reconsideration of the Cause of Inflorescence Bud Abscission in Pistachio
Authors: Crane Julian C. , Iwakiri Ben T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Data collected 2 consecutive years revealed that 30% to 38% of the inflorescence buds of ‘Kerman’ pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) abscised mainly during an initial 5- to 6-week period from trees devoid of fruit. Bearing trees, by contrast, progressively dropped 99% of their buds during a 10- to 12-week period. Abscission during the initial 5- to 6-week period in bearing and nonbearing trees is apparently the result of a stimulus originating in the roots. Continued abscission during the subsequent 5- to 6- week period coincided with the initiation and growth and development of the kernel. It appears, therefore, that a stimulus originating in the fruit (kernel) is responsible for the second phase of a two-phased abscission process.
Possible Rejuvenation of Adult Avocado by Graftage onto Juvenile Rootstocks in Vitro
Authors: Pliego-Alfaro Fernando , Murashige Toshio 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seedlings germinated aseptically were used as rootstocks. Lateral buds excised from greenhouse-grown flowering-age plants and disinfested, were used as scions. About 50% of the shoots that emerged from the scions showed restored rooting competence. The shoots continued to root when the terminals of rooted shoots were severed and retested. Nodal sections from grafted adults also produced rootable shoots. It is suggested that the restored rooting competence reflected a developmental phase reversal from adult to juvenile rather than a simple transfer of rooting cofactors from rootstock to scion.
In Vitro Regeneration of Stangeria eriopus
Authors: Osborne R. , van Staden J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In South Africa, the indigenous cycads comprise 28 species of Encephalartos (Za-miaceae) and Stangeria eriopus (Kunze) Baillard (3), the latter species being the sole representative of the Stangeriaceae. Present cycad populations are under severe pressure from combined effects of agricultural and urban development, exploitation by the tribal “medicine-men”, activities of plant collectors, and demands from scientific and educational institutions. In addition, the relatively slow growth rate, limited potential for vegetative propagation, and the restricted supply of viable seed further exacerbate the delicate conservation status of these dioecious plants (2).
Controlled-release Fertilizers Effect on the Growth of Bed-grown Woody Landscape Plants
Authors: Torres Kenneth C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of controlled-released fertilizers in container production have been evaluated (1,2), but little work has been reported on the effects of controlled-released fertilizers for field production techniques. Surface band and pre-plant fertilizer incorporation are the most common application methods for field-grown landscape plants. The major drawback of current field application methods are applications must be repeated every 4 to 6 months and a considerable amount of fertilizer is used inefficiently. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of preplant applications of controlled-released fertilizers on the growth of field-grown landscape plants.
A Program for Transmission of Data Between the LI-6000 Photosynthesis System and MS-DOS Computers
Authors: Senalik Douglas , Kane Robert , Staub Jack 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Estimates of photosynthetic rates are obtained routinely in many plants using a number of techniques (1-3). Until recently, however, accurate field estimates of net CO2 exchange have been difficult to obtain, partially because of the limited mobility of the apparatus and the time involved in data collection (4-6). LI-COR, Inc. (Lincoln, Neb.) has developed an integral infrared gas analyzer system (IRGA), which is incorporated in their LI-6000 series of commercially available portable instruments (7). This system consists of a battery powered nondispersive IRGA, a porometer, an RS-232C serial communications interface, and a dedicated datalogger with battery-powered nonvolatile memory. This unit automatically stores measurements of CO2 concentration, chamber relative humidity, chamber temperature, leaf temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, time, and optional operator-supplied comments. Time required for a single measurement is between 30 to 180 sec, with various types of leaf chambers spanning a range of volumes between 250 and 3900 ml (7).
Horticultural Therapy for Special Education Students
Authors: Airhart Douglas L. , Tristan John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Horticultural Therapy (HT) is a dynamic and expanding profession (3) using plants during the training or rehabilitation of persons with mental or physical disabilities (1, 4). Although it is an old concept (5), only recently has horticulture become recognized as a therapeutic treatment for patients (7). The special feature of HT is adapting horticultural activities to therapeutic goals (2). Traditional horticulture strives to produce healthy plants, whereas, in HT, plants may be allowed to die if this meets a client's needs. This Note describes the structure of one HT program that was used with very positive results.
Beauregard’ Sweet Potato
Authors: Rolston L. H. , Clark C. A. , Cannon J. M. , Randle W. M. , Riley E. G. , Wilson P. W. , Robbins M. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Beauregard’ sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.] was developed by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station to combine resistance to diseases and insects of local importance with good horticultural and culinary characteristics. This cultivar, first designated L82-508, is named after Louisiana's renowned civil engineer and “Napo-lean in Grey,” Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard.
Evaluation of New Peach Rootstocks for High-Density Planting Systems
Authors: Guerriero R. , Loreti F. , Massai R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the genetic improvement of fruit tree rootstocks, researchers must take into account the evolution of cultural techniques so that the selections obtained are appropriate to trends in modern fruit production (10). In Italy and in other areas where peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] are grown on a large scale, the recent trend towards intensification of planting has increased (1, 4, 11). There is a growing need for rootstocks with a range of vigor control to allow cultivation of peaches in a variety of soil conditions, as is now possible with apple, by adopting, in each instance, the most appropriate training system and planting distance (5, 7, 9, 10).
Breeding Pickling Melons for a Concentrated Yield
Authors: Nerson Haim , Paris Harry S. , Edelstein Menahem , Burger Yosef , Karchi Zvi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An Oriental pickling melon (Cucumis melo var. conomon) was crossed with a hermaphroditic melon, and the hermaphroditic form also was crossed with a birds-nest-type melon, with the goal of producing pickling melon breeding lines possessing a concentrated yield. Hermaphroditic and birdsnest breeding lines derived from these crosses produced markedly more fruits per plant and per unit area in a once-over harvest than did the pickling cucumber cultivars tested.
Growth Analysis of Three Cucumber Lines Differing in Plant Habit
Authors: Ramirez Denis R. , Wehner Todd C. , Miller Conrad H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Growth analyses were conducted in the greenhouse on two commercial lines, ‘Calypso’ and M 21 [of cultivated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var. sativus] differing in growth habit and one line, LJ 90430, of the wild cucumber Cucumis sativus L. var. Hardwickii (R.) Alef., to determine relationships between morphological characteristics and fruit yield. Multiple fruiting in LJ 90430 was associated with high leaf area and multiple branching. The standard commercial pickling cultivar, Calypso, which usually produces one to two fruit per plant per harvest, had less leaf area and fewer branches per plant than LJ 90430. Competition between early fruit development and vegetative growth was possible in ‘Calypso’ and M 21, but not in LJ 90430, which did not begin fruit development until vegetative growth was completed. Dry weight percentage in the fruit of LJ 90430 was low initially and increased steadily until the final harvest. Dry weight percentages in the fruit of ‘Calypso’ and M 21 were high initially and decreased generally thereafter. Relative growth rates of the whole plant followed similar trends in LJ 90430, ‘Calypso’, and M 21.
Effect of Fertilizer Rate on Growth of Ficus lyrata and Susceptibility to Pseudomonas cichorii
Authors: Chase A. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ficus lyrata Warb. ‘Compacta’ plants were grown with various rates of Osmocote 19N-2.6P-10K for 2 months prior to inoculation with Pseudomonas cichorii (Swing.) Stapp. Optimal plant growth occurred at rates from 4 to 13 g/12.5-cm pot in the spring, and 4 to 16 g/12.5-cm pot in the summer and fall. Percentage of leaf area affected with Pseudomonas cichorii was correlated to fertilizer level at rates between 4 and 16 g/12.5-cm pot. Disease rating was lowest for underfertilized plants (1 g/12.5-cm pot) increased at the 4-g rate and decreased at higher rates according to the following equation (y = 14.39 - 0.72x, R2 = 0.86).
Effect of Nitrapyrin on Mineralization of Urea and Isobutylidene Diurea in a Highly Organic Medium
Authors: Nash M. A. , Mazur A. R. , Wagner D. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mineralization of nitrogen fertilizers was determined in an organic medium composed of 6 pine bark : 3 sand : 1 soil (by volume). Nitrification was evident by day 7 following treatment with urea and isobutylidene diurea (IBDU) and increased rapidly after day 14. Nitrification was not evident until day 56 in medium treated with urea + nitrapyrin (NI). Medium treated with urea or IBDU were depleted of NH4+ within 1 month, which corresponded to a peak in NO2– + NO3– accumulation. Only a small amount of NH4+ was not accounted for by nitrification and was assumed to be adsorbed by bark particles. Chemical names used: 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine (nitrapyrin), 1,1-diureido isobutane (IBDU).
Evaluation of Preemergence Herbicides for Control of Oxalis dillenii Jacq. in a Pinebark-amended Medium
Authors: Berchielli D. L. , Gilliam C. H. , Fare D. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Selected herbicides were evaluated for control of southern yellow wood sorrel (Oxalis dillenii Jacq.) in three experiments. Control varied depending on rate of application and the time interval after application. Herbicides providing excellent control (less than one weed/pot) 8 weeks after treatment with the 0.5 × rate included: oxyfluorfen, 1.1 kg·ha–1; oryzalin, 2.2 kg·ha–1; and oxyfluorfen + oryzalin, 1.7 kg·ha–1. Control 18 weeks after treatment was excellent at the 1× rate with oryzalin (4.5 kg·ha–1) and at the 2× rates with oryzalin (9.0 kg·ha–1), oxyfluorfen (4.5 kg·ha–1), and a combination of the two. Chemical names used: 2-chloro-l-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene (oxyfluorfen); 4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide (oryzalin).
Fruit Quality of Rabbiteye Blueberries as Influenced by Weekly Harvests, Cultivars, and Storage Duration
Authors: Miller W. R. , McDonald R. E. , Crocker T. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit of ‘Bonita’ and ‘Beckyblue’ rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars were harvested weekly, then stored in two different types of consumer baskets and subjected to five time/temperature storage regimes. Fruit increased in total soluble solids (TSS) and pH and decreased in acidity (Ac) with advancing harvest dates. Total soluble solids and pH of ‘Bonita’ fruit were significantly lower and Ac higher than for fruit of ‘Beckyblue’. After 3 weeks of storage at 1°C plus 3 days at 16°, ‘Beckyblue’ had higher (8 times) decay than fruit of ‘Bonita’. There were no cultivar differences in fruit firmness or weight loss due to storage, but fruit weight was reduced significantly when packaged in molded pulp fiberboard baskets. Fruit of ‘Bonita’ can be used for both domestic and export markets, requiring long storage duration, but ‘Beckyblue’ fruit should be limited to domestic markets.
Thermal Blast Peeling of Tomatoes
Authors: Smith Durward A. , Rymal K. S. , Turner J. L. , Harris H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thermal blast peeling yielded products of comparable quality to freeze–heat-peeled tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Both methods resulted in higher peeled yields and firmer fruit than did caustic, steam-peeling, or peeling by scalding. Thermal blast peeling may thus be a practical alternative to traditional methods.
A Photosynthetically Active Radiation Sensor
Authors: Grappadelli L. Corelli , Coston D. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A sensor for measuring photosynthetically active radiation was constructed using a silicon photocell in combination with a glass absorption filter. A trimmer potentiometer was used for standardization of sensor output. The sensors were calibrated using a commercially available quantum sensor. Average correlation coefficient between constructed sensors and the standard was 0.94. The sensors had a quantum response, were sensitive only in the wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm, exhibited a linear response to varying PAR light levels, and were inexpensive to construct.
Pollen Germination in Aglaonema Flowers of Different Ages
Authors: Henny R. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Previous reports have shown that Aglaonema can be induced to bloom with gibberellic-acid treatment (2), and seed set can be increased by maintaining flowers at 100% RH for 24 hr following pollination (1). Both techniques have greatly aided the production of Aglaonema hybrids. Occasionally, however, desirable crosses cannot be made due to unavailability of sufficient pollen or receptive pistillate flowers. In such cases, it would be helpful if pistillate flowers could be pollinated 1 or 2 days after anthesis, because Aglaonema pollen cannot be stored more than 1 day.
Correlation of Callus Weight to Volume of Two Woody Species
Authors: King S. M. , Morehart A. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In vitro studies dealing with callus cultures usually involve monitoring callus growth. Volume estimates can be used to determine growth and estimate callus fresh weight (1). The use of volume as a measurement of growth as well as the estimation of volume from one or more linear dimensions has been used for years in field studies of trees and shrubs (4). Measuring linear dimensions of the callus through the test tube is nondestructive and simple to perform, but precise measurements are not possible.
‘Aphrodite’ Rose of Sharon (Althea)
Authors: Egolf Donald R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The pink-flowered ‘Aphrodite’ is the fourth U.S. National Arboretum triploid cultivar of Hibiscus syriacus L., commonly known as rose of sharon. In the past, rose of sharon, although it flowered heavily in early summer when few other shrubs bloom, produced abundant seed and, subsequently, weed seedlings in the garden. The development of nearly sterile triploid cultivars eliminated the source of weed seedlings and elevated the plant to an elite summer flowering shrub. Triploid cultivars previously introduced are ‘Diana’, NA 32224 (1), with pure white flowers; ‘Helene’, NA 41786 (2), with white flowers and a prominent dark red eye spot; and ‘Minerva’, NA 54984 (3), with lavender flowers.
Yield: Future Research Challenges
Authors: Wyse Roger 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Research to increase the yield of crop plants is of great long-term importance if we are to continue to meet the food and fiber needs of a rapidly expanding world population. In the short-term, the problem facing agriculture in the United States is not one of production but of profitability. Only improved efficiency and stability of production can ensure the survival of the American farmer in an increasingly competitive world market. The challenge facing agricultural research is to develop new knowledge of basic plant processes and to apply that knowledge toward improved production efficiency. This work must be done in the context of current crop surpluses and reductions in federal spending for such research. In this article, I discuss critical research needs in fields such as horticulture and agronomy in order to meet the challenge of increasing both the productivity and profitability of the producer. This result can be accomplished only by bringing the best technology to bear on the complex problems facing U.S. agriculture.