bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using intraspecific variation of functional traits and environmental factors to understand the formation of nestedness patterns of a local forest community
Authors: Wang Weitao , Jiang Yun , Chen Yongfa , Luo Wenqi , He Dong , Wang Youshi , Chu Chengjin , Li Buhang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The concept of nestedness originated from the field of biogeography decades ago and has been widely used in metacommunities and biological interaction networks, but there is still a lack of research within local communities. Moreover, studies on nestedness usually rarely incorporate the functional traits of the species and the environmental characteristics of the sites. In this study, we constructed a species presence–absence matrix of a 50-ha forest plot, used the simulated annealing algorithm to reveal the maximum nested structure and further tested the significance of nestedness patterns by constructing null ensembles. The nested ranks were used to represent the orders of species and quadrats in the maximum nestedness matrix. The regression tree analysis was used to reveal the relationships of nested ranks with environmental factors and functional traits. We found that the co-occurrence pattern of local plant communities was significantly nested. The regression tree results showed that the nested ranks of quadrats were determined by soil available phosphorus, soil water content, soil organic carbon and soil pH. Intraspecific variation of functional traits, including leaf C, leaf pH, leaf dry matter content and maximum photosynthetic rate rather than means of functional traits, provided a better explanation for the formation of species’ nested ranks. Understanding the causes of species and quadrats nested ranks provides novel lens and useful insights into ecological processes underlying nestedness, and further improves our knowledge of how local plant communities are assembled.
Species-specific growth, morphological and physiological responses ofAbies faxonianaandPicea purpureaunder elevated temperature and CO2
Authors: Dong Haojie , Huang Zongdi , Li Wen , Yu Lei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough many studies have evaluated plant ecophysiological responses to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO2) and increasing temperature, few studies have addressed the interactive effects of these two factors, especially on high-altitude trees that are more sensitive. To address this issue, we used Abies faxoniana and Picea purpurea seedlings to evaluate the effects of elevated CO2 (CeTa, 700 ppm), elevated temperature (CaTe, 2 °C above ambient temperature) and elevated CO2 combined with elevated temperature (CeTe) on plant growth, morphology and physiological responses. We found that CaTe increased conifer total dry mass, specific root length, net photosynthesis rate and translocation rates of 15NH4+ and 15NO3−, but CeTe had stronger responses (except net photosynthesis rate of A. faxoniana). These results indicate that the effect of elevated temperature on the growth and physiological responses is enhanced by elevated CO2. Furthermore, effect of CeTe on physiological traits was higher in P. purpurea, which possessed a higher total dry mass, specific leaf area, water use efficiency (δ 13C), δ 15NO3−-N level, translocation rates of 15NH4+ and 15NO3− and total nonstructural carbohydrates than A. faxoniana. Overall, these findings suggest that the interactive effects of CO2 × temperature should be considered when assessing conifer responses to future climates.
Pulse oximeters market analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic: Kyiv pharmacies’ offers and survey of pharmacy faculty students
Authors: Brytanova Tetiana , Maletsky Mykola , Lysianska Hanna , Antypenko Lyudmyla 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to study the market of pulse oximeters to select the optimal choice for monitoring health status during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Pulse oximeter data, presented on the Tabletki.ua website (2021) in Kyiv (Ukraine), were summarized and discussed. A survey about the history of the device purchase among 170 students of the Faculty of Pharmacy (Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Ukraine) was statistically analysed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Shapiro–Wilk, Levene’s, Scheffe tests, one-sample t-test, Spearman’s correlation and one-way ANOVA.

Key findings
The largest part of the Kyiv (Ukraine) pulse oximeter market is occupied by the People’s Republic of China (70.97%). The price ranged from UAH 171.50 to UAH 1799.00. The models S6 and Linke LK88 are found to be the best choices according to the fullest provided data, the lowest minimum price and emphasis on the oxygen saturation and pulse rate accuracies. Medical students statistically significant would buy a pulse oximeter for less than UAH 563.40 (t(76) = −2.884; P = 0.005). The price did not depend on age (F = 1.104, P = 0.372) or gender (F = 2.466, P = 0.121), but there was a correlation between price and year of purchase (F = 2.712, P = 0.051). Students are primarily interested in country of origin, guarantees and pharmacist recommendations. A significantly weak Spearman’s correlation was found between price and friend advice (ρ = 0.275, Sig. = 0.015).

Conclusions
The same models differ in price by up to 4.2 times and in between them – up to 10. Less than half of the responders bought devices, and even a quarter of them did not use them at all, although they were from a health field. The detailed notifications about accuracy for different patient skin types are required in the device description. More people should be aware of pulse oximeter importance to maintaining health after COVID-19.
Aortic valve surgery for native valve endocarditis in extreme obesity
Authors: Mohamed Saifullah , Patel Akshay J , Subramanian Ajay , Abdelaziz Mahmoud , Nikolaidis Nicholas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSurgical aortic valve replacement represents a class one indication in the setting of aortic valve endocarditis and decompensated heart failure secondary to aortic regurgitation as per the European Society of Cardiology. However, extreme obesity, whereby the body mass index (BMI) &gt;40 kg/m2, represents a challenging cohort of patients. Performing cardiac surgery in the bariatric population is fraught with challenges pertaining to intraoperative issues of surgical access and approach. We describe the case of a 45-year-old gentleman who had previous been diagnosed with infective endocarditis of the aortic valve and with a BMI of 68.2 (228 kg). Surgical aortic valve replacement in extreme obesity is associated with deep sternal wound infection, requirement and duration of mechanical ventilation, atrial fibrillation and renal failure. The ‘obesity paradox’ of overweight and class I obesity (BMI &lt;35) has demonstrated favourable long-term results compared with underweight patients or even those with normal BMI undergoing cardiac surgery.
Angular momentum analysis in the elliptic restricted three-body problem
Authors: Qi Yi , Qiao Dong 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
In this paper, the angular momentum of the test particle during the flyby in the spatial elliptic restricted three-body problem (ERTBP) is investigated. We focus on the flyby around the small primary, and derive approximate expressions to depict the changes of the angular momentum and energy in this process. Numerical computation based on the Earth–Moon ERTBP shows that our expressions can well approximate the real angular momentum and energy processes during the flyby. Hence, the mechanical process of a flyby orbit in the ERTBP is uncovered in detail. Furthermore, we analyse the optimal regions to maximize the changes of the angular momentum and energy. In addition, the inclination of the test particle during the flyby is investigated through the approximate expression of the angular momentum. The optimal flyby condition to change the inclination is obtained and discussed.
MOMO – V. Effelsberg, Swift, and Fermi study of the blazar and supermassive binary black hole candidate OJ 287 in a period of high activity
Authors: Komossa S , Grupe D , Kraus A , Gonzalez A , Gallo L C , Valtonen M J , Laine S , Krichbaum T P , Gurwell M A , Gómez J L , Ciprini S , Myserlis I , Bach U 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We report results from our ongoing project MOMO (Multiwavelength Observations and Modelling of OJ 287). In this latest publication of a sequence, we combine our Swift UVOT–XRT and Effelsberg radio data (2.6–44 GHz) between 2019 and 2022.04 with public SMA data and gamma-ray data from the Fermi satellite. The observational epoch covers OJ 287 in a high state of activity from radio to X-rays. The epoch also covers two major events predicted by the binary supermassive black hole (SMBH) model of OJ 287. Spectral and timing analyses clearly establish: a new UV–optical minimum state in 2021 December at an epoch where the secondary SMBH is predicted to cross the disc surrounding the primary SMBH; an overall low level of gamma-ray activity in comparison to pre-2017 epochs; the presence of a remarkable, long-lasting UV–optical flare event of intermediate amplitude in 2020–2021; a high level of activity in the radio band with multiple flares; and particularly a bright, ongoing radio flare peaking in 2021 November that may be associated with a gamma-ray flare, the strongest in 6 yr. Several explanations for the UV–optical minimum state are explored, including the possibility that a secondary SMBH launches a temporary jet, but the observations are best explained by variability associated with the main jet.
Stress-testing cosmic ray physics: the impact of cosmic rays on the surviving disc of ram-pressure-stripped galaxies
Authors: Farber Ryan J , Ruszkowski Mateusz , Tonnesen Stephanie , Holguin Francisco 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTCluster spiral galaxies suffer catastrophic losses of the cool, neutral gas component of their interstellar medium due to ram pressure stripping, contributing to the observed quenching of star formation in the disc compared to galaxies in lower density environments. However, the short-term effects of ram pressure on the star formation rate and active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity of galaxies undergoing stripping remain unclear. Numerical studies have recently demonstrated cosmic rays can dramatically influence galaxy evolution for isolated galaxies, yet their influence on ram pressure stripping remains poorly constrained. We perform the first cosmic ray magnetohydrodynamic simulations of an L* galaxy undergoing ram pressure stripping, including radiative cooling, self-gravity of the gas, star formation, and stellar feedback. We find the microscopic transport of cosmic rays plays a key role in modulating the star formation enhancement experienced by spirals at the outskirts of clusters compared to isolated spirals. Moreover, we find that galaxies undergoing ram pressure stripping exhibit enhanced gas accretion on to their centres, which may explain the prevalence of AGNs in these objects. In agreement with observations, we find cosmic rays significantly boost the global radio emission of cluster spirals. Although the gas removal rate is relatively insensitive to cosmic ray physics, we find that cosmic rays significantly modify the phase distribution of the remaining gas disc. These results suggest observations of galaxies undergoing ram pressure stripping may place novel constraints on cosmic ray calorimetry and transport.
The evolution of the barred galaxy population in the TNG50 simulation
Authors: Rosas-Guevara Yetli , Bonoli Silvia , Dotti Massimo , Izquierdo-Villalba David , Lupi Alessandro , Zana Tommaso , Bonetti Matteo , Nelson Dylan , Springel Volker , Hernquist Lars , Vogelsberger Mark 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We use the magnetic-hydrodynamical simulation TNG50 to study the evolution of barred massive disc galaxies. Massive spiral galaxies are already present as early as z = 4, and bar formation takes place already at those early times. The bars grow longer and stronger as the host galaxies evolve, with the bar sizes increasing at a pace similar to that of the disc scalelengths. The bar fraction mildly evolves with redshift for galaxies with $M_{*}\ge 10^{10}\rm M_{\odot }$, being greater than $\sim 40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at 0.5 &lt; z &lt; 3 and $\sim 30{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at z = 0. When bars larger than a given physical size ($\ge 2\, \rm kpc$) or the angular resolution limit of twice the I-band angular PSF FWHM of the HST are considered, the bar fraction dramatically decreases with increasing redshift, reconciling the theoretical predictions with observational data. We find that barred galaxies have an older stellar population, lower gas fractions, and star formation rates than unbarred galaxies. In most cases, the discs of barred galaxies assembled earlier and faster than the discs of unbarred galaxies. We also find that barred galaxies are typical in haloes with larger concentrations and smaller spin parameters than unbarred galaxies. Furthermore, the inner regions of barred galaxies are more baryon-dominated than those of unbarred galaxies but have comparable global stellar mass fractions. Our findings suggest that the bar population could be used as a potential tracer of the buildup of disc galaxies and their host haloes. With this paper, we release a catalogue of barred galaxies in TNG50 at six redshifts between z = 4 and 0.
Illustrating galaxy–halo connection in the DESI era with illustrisTNG
Authors: Yuan Sihan , Hadzhiyska Boryana , Bose Sownak , Eisenstein Daniel J 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We employ the hydrodynamical simulation illustrisTNG to inform the galaxy–halo connection of the Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) and Emission Line Galaxy (ELG) samples of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey at redshift z ∼ 0.8. Specifically, we model the galaxy colours of illustrisTNG and apply sliding DESI colour–magnitude cuts, matching the DESI target densities. We study the halo occupation distribution (HOD) model of the selected samples by matching them to their corresponding dark matter haloes in the illustrisTNG dark matter run. We find the HOD of both the LRG and ELG samples to be consistent with their respective baseline models, but also we find important deviations from common assumptions about the satellite distribution, velocity bias, and galaxy secondary biases. We identify strong evidence for concentration-based and environment-based occupational variance in both samples, an effect known as ‘galaxy assembly bias’. The central and satellite galaxies have distinct dependencies on secondary halo properties, showing that centrals and satellites have distinct evolutionary trajectories and should be modelled separately. These results serve to inform the necessary complexities in modelling galaxy–halo connection for DESI analyses and also prepare for building high-fidelity mock galaxies. Finally, we present a shuffling-based clustering analysis that reveals a 10–15 ${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ excess in the LRG clustering of modest statistical significance due to secondary galaxy biases. We also find a similar excess signature for the ELGs, but with much lower statistical significance. When a larger hydrodynamical simulation volume becomes available, we expect our analysis pipeline to pinpoint the exact sources of such excess clustering signatures.
Scatter in the satellite galaxy SHMR: fitting functions, scaling relations, and physical processes from the IllustrisTNG simulation
Authors: Niemiec Anna , Giocoli Carlo , Cohen Ethan , Jauzac Mathilde , Jullo Eric , Limousin Marceau 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The connection between galaxies and their dark matter haloes is often described with the stellar-to-halo mass relation (SHMR). Satellite galaxies in clusters follow an SHMR distinct from central galaxies because of the environmental processes that they are subject to, and the variety of accretion histories leads to an important scatter in this relation. In this work, we use the suite of magnetohydrodynamical simulations IllustrisTNG to study the scatter in the satellite galaxy SHMR, and extract the parameters that can best allow to understand it. Active galaxies, that represent a very small fraction of cluster galaxies, follow a very different relation than their passive counterparts, mainly because they were accreted much more recently. For this latter population, we find that the distance to the cluster centre is a good predictor of variations in the SHMR, but some information on the galaxy orbital history, such as the distance of closest approach to the host centre, is an even better one, although it is in practice more difficult to measure. In addition, we found that galaxy compactness is also correlated with the SHMR, while the host cluster properties (mass and concentration, formation redshift, mass and size of BCG) do not play a significant role. We provide accurate fitting functions and scaling relations to the scientific community, useful to predict the subhalo mass given a set of observable parameters. Finally, we connect the scatter in the SHMR to the physical processes affecting galaxies in clusters, and how they impact the different satellite subpopulations.
ALMA constraints on assembly of core accretion planets
Authors: Nayakshin Sergei , Elbakyan Vardan , Rosotti Giovanni 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Resolved dust continuum and CO line ALMA imaging, and in some cases detection of H α emission, hint that young massive planets are abundant at wide separations in protoplanetary discs. Here we show how these observations can probe the runaway phase of planetary growth in the Core Accretion theory. Planets in this phase have the right range of masses to account for the predominantly moderate contrast gaps and rings seen in ALMA observations. However, we find that these planets gain mass and migrate inward very rapidly. As a result, the phase when they could produce gaps with properties similar to those observed is very short, i.e. tgap ≲ 0.1 Myr, independently of the disc viscosity parameter. This would require many tens to hundreds of gas giant planets to be born per ALMA system, violating the available mass budget of solids in realistic discs. This also predicts preponderance of discs with very wide gaps or complete inner disc holes, which is not observed. We show that suppression of both planet accretion and migration by a factor of at least ten is a possible solution to these serious problems. Future population synthesis models of planet formation should aim to address both exoplanetary data of older disc-less planetary systems and ALMA discs with embedded planets in one framework.
Paleozoic Protein Fossils Illuminate the Evolution of Vertebrate Genomes and Transposable Elements
Authors: Frith Martin C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Genomes hold a treasure trove of protein fossils: Fragments of formerly protein-coding DNA, which mainly come from transposable elements (TEs) or host genes. These fossils reveal ancient evolution of TEs and genomes, and many fossils have been exapted to perform diverse functions important for the host’s fitness. However, old and highly degraded fossils are hard to identify, standard methods (e.g. BLAST) are not optimized for this task, and few Paleozoic protein fossils have been found. Here, a recently optimized method is used to find protein fossils in vertebrate genomes. It finds Paleozoic fossils predating the amphibian/amniote divergence from most major TE categories, including virus-related Polinton and Gypsy elements. It finds 10 fossils in the human genome (eight from TEs and two from host genes) that predate the last common ancestor of all jawed vertebrates, probably from the Ordovician period. It also finds types of transposon and retrotransposon not found in human before. These fossils have extreme sequence conservation, indicating exaptation: some have evidence of gene-regulatory function, and they tend to lie nearest to developmental genes. Some ancient fossils suggest “genome tectonics,” where two fragments of one TE have drifted apart by up to megabases, possibly explaining gene deserts and large introns. This paints a picture of great TE diversity in our aquatic ancestors, with patchy TE inheritance by later vertebrates, producing new genes and regulatory elements on the way. Host-gene fossils too have contributed anciently conserved DNA segments. This paves the way to further studies of ancient protein fossils.
Melodic Transformation in George Garzone’s Triadic Chromatic Approach; or, Jazz, Math, and Basket Weaving
Authors: De Souza Jonathan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Triadic Chromatic Approach (TCA) is a melodic improvisation technique, created by the saxophonist and jazz educator George Garzone. With the TCA, successive triads are connected by a semitone and must have different inversions. The resulting lines mysteriously resolve to any underlying harmony. This article develops transformational and Markov-chain models of the TCA, showing how this melodic process approaches a probability distribution where every pitch class is equally likely to appear. Nonetheless, theorizing the TCA is different from performing it, and insights from Garzone’s students—and the anthropology of weaving—suggest that goals are less fundamental here than characteristic gestures.
Religious Nationalisms in Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Matthews A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article examines how religious consciousness arising from British colonialism’s legacies intersected with ethnicity and geopolitics to create long-lasting solidarity and reinforced individual and group identities among Nigerians from the early twentieth century. Manifestations of religious nationalisms included the controversies over the expansion of the jurisdiction of Sharia in the late 1970s, 1980s, and 1999, altering religious pluralism to become antagonistic, activating religious sentiments in agitations of minority ethnic groups for self-determination against their imposed Muslim rulers, and generating violent incidents in several religious and ethnic conflicts. Moreover, religious fundamentalism and revivalism among Christian and Muslim youths from the 1970s radicalized the leadership and introduced new dimensions to Christian–Muslim relations. Both fought each other to dominate the public space and create new religious cultures critical of the Nigerian state. Accordingly, religious nationalism clashed with the legitimate claims of other collectives and greatly undermined national integration.
Religion in Precolonial Nigeria
Authors: Shankar Shobana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This essay explores the history and historiography of religion in Nigeria before the twentieth century, focusing on interconnectivity across different communities and across periods divided into the precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial eras. The richness of Nigerian sources, studied with a critical eye to historical power dynamics and the subjectivities of those who produced religious narratives, reveals many insights about precolonial Nigerian cultural heterogeneity. In recent centuries across different cultural traditions, it is possible to trace tendencies towards narrowing conceptualizations divinity, piety, and other aspects of religious thought and practice, giving rise to the increased presence in the public life of religious reformers and revolutionaries. The essay argues that religion has long been an important sphere for the negotiation and management of difference and diversity outside state power, giving some hint as to why the modern Nigerian state has faced challenges in its efforts to control sectarian splinters and interreligious conflicts.