bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACTIVATION OF HUMAN FIBROBLASTS BY CHRONIC RADIATION RATHER THAN ACUTE RADIATION
Authors: Shimura T , Zaharieva E , Sasatani M , Kawai H , Kamiya K , Ushiyama A 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF), an activated type of fibroblast, is a major stromal cell that contributes to tumor initiation and development in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We previously reported that fractionated radiation rather than acute radiation causes progressive damage to mitochondria and increases the generation of reactive oxygen species, playing an important role in the fibroblast activation in normal tissue injury. Activated fibroblasts then become CAF by interacting with tumor cells, promoting tumor growth in vivo. We here examined the chronic radiation effect on fibroblast activation. Acute radiation (&lt;2.5 Gy) did not increase alpha-Smooth muscle actin, a CAF marker expression in healthy human cells, whereas chronic radiation (2.5 Gy) did. It can be concluded that the induction of fibroblast activation changes across acute radiation, fractionated radiation, and chronic radiation depending on the irradiation technique. This study highlights that radiation activates fibroblasts, playing a role in radiation-related tumor development via TME formation.
Improving the Applicability of AI for Psychiatric Applications through Human-in-the-loop Methodologies
Authors: Chandler Chelsea , Foltz Peter W , Elvevåg Brita 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesMachine learning (ML) and natural language processing have great potential to improve efficiency and accuracy in diagnosis, treatment recommendations, predictive interventions, and scarce resource allocation within psychiatry. Researchers often conceptualize such an approach as operating in isolation without much need for human involvement, yet it remains crucial to harness human-in-the-loop practices when developing and implementing such techniques as their absence may be catastrophic. We advocate for building ML-based technologies that collaborate with experts within psychiatry in all stages of implementation and use to increase model performance while simultaneously increasing the practicality, robustness, and reliability of the process.MethodsWe showcase pitfalls of the traditional ML framework and explain how it can be improved with human-in-the-loop techniques. Specifically, we applied active learning strategies to the automatic scoring of a story recall task and compared the results to a traditional approach.ResultsHuman-in-the-loop methodologies supplied a greater understanding of where the model was least confident or had knowledge gaps during training. As compared to the traditional framework, less than half of the training data were needed to reach a given accuracy.ConclusionsHuman-in-the-loop ML is an approach to data collection and model creation that harnesses active learning to select the most critical data needed to increase a model’s accuracy and generalizability more efficiently than classic random sampling would otherwise allow. Such techniques may additionally operate as safeguards from spurious predictions and can aid in decreasing disparities that artificial intelligence systems otherwise propagate.
Optimal Doses of Specific Antipsychotics for Relapse Prevention in a Nationwide Cohort of Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Taipale Heidi , Tanskanen Antti , Luykx Jurjen J , Solmi Marco , Leucht Stefan , Correll Christoph U , Tiihonen Jari 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Optimal doses of most antipsychotics in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia are unknown. We aimed to study the risk of severe relapse indicated by rehospitalization for different dose categories of 15 most frequently used antipsychotics in monotherapy in Finland.

Study Methods
We studied the risk of rehospitalization (Adjusted Hazard Ratio, aHR) associated with six antipsychotic monotherapy dose categories (as time-varying dose, measured in defined daily dose, DDDs/day) in a nationwide cohort of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 61 889), using within-individual analyses to eliminate selection bias.

Study Results
Among the 15 most widely used antipsychotics, 13 had a U- or J-shaped dose-response curve, showing the lowest risks of relapse for doses of 0.6–&lt;1.1 DDDs/day vs nonuse of antipsychotics. The exceptions were oral perphenazine (aHR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.68–0.76, &lt;0.6 DDDs/day), and olanzapine-long-acting injectable (LAI), which had the lowest aHR of any antipsychotic (aHR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.11–0.25, 1.4–&lt;1.6 DDDs/day). Certain risperidone and perphenazine doses &lt;0.9 DDD/day were associated with 21%–45% lower risk of rehospitalization (P &lt; .001) than the standard dose of 0.9–1.1 DDD/day (ie, 5 mg for risperidone and 30 mg for perphenazine).

Conclusions
For most antipsychotics, the risk of severe relapse was the lowest during use of standard dose. Our results suggest that olanzapine LAI is highly effective in dose ranges &gt;0.9 DDD/day, and especially at 1.4–&lt;1.6 DDDs/day (405 mg/4 weeks) associated with substantially lower risk of rehospitalization than any dose of any other antipsychotic. The current WHO standard dose definitions appear to be clearly too high for perphenazine and somewhat too high for risperidone.
Peer effects of the young returnee scientists: Evidence from the state key laboratories in China
Authors: Yang Xi , Cai Xinlan , Li Tingsong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Attracting overseas scientists back to their home countries is an important scientific policy in the era of globalization. The returnee scientists not only have the potential to make high academic achievements by themselves but are also expected to influence other scientists. Using a data-set of 1,006 scientists from Chinese State Key Laboratories, this study finds that recruiting young returnee scientists has a positive effect on the number of their peer’s highly-cited articles. It is also found that the peer effect is not achieved through the promotion of international collaborations of local scientists. It may be realized through other mechanisms, such as knowledge spillovers. As shown in the heterogeneity analysis, the adaptation of returnee scientists and the absorptive capacity of local scientists have an impact on the peer effects of the returnees, which reflects that knowledge dissemination and absorption play significant roles in the returnee’s peer effect.
Do households live the family model they prefer? Household’s work patterns across European policy regimes
Authors: Lütolf Meret , Stadelmann-Steffen Isabelle 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Studies have investigated the equalizing effect of childcare provision and parental leave schemes on gendered work patterns. However, as the relationship between policies and individual time allocations to paid work is complex and challenging to empirically assess, previous research has clarified single aspects of this complexity. The present study theoretically and empirically combines a household perspective by considering the work behaviours of two partners within one household (i.e. a household’s lived family model) with a comparative approach to systematically analyse relationships between specific policy designs and households’ paid work patterns in a large sample. The findings imply that extensive childcare policies are systematically related to an egalitarian household organization, mostly among those with small children. This association can be observed across households with varying levels of egalitarian norms. Conversely, the findings suggest that the current design of parental leave policies in the 21 European countries does not allow for a true assessment of the potential of leave schemes to influence the within-household division of labor.
Intellectual rivalry in American economics: intergenerational social cohesion and the rise of the Chicago school
Authors: Henriksen Lasse Folke , Seabrooke Leonard , Young Kevin L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Neoliberal economics has reshaped societies. How did this doctrine ascend? While existing explanations emphasize a variety of factors, one neglected aspect is intellectual rivalry within the US economics profession. Neoliberalism had to attain prestige against the grain of the intelligentsia prior to becoming a force to organize political power. Using qualitative and quantitative evidence, we examine key rivals in US economics from 1960 to 1985: the Chicago School of Economics, neoliberal pioneers and the ‘Charles River Group’ (Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology), the mainstream Keynesian stronghold. We identify socialization mechanisms from historical accounts, which suggest forms of social cohesion between elite professors and their students. We measure social cohesion and network structure from salient relations within and between generations, using a new a dataset focused on elite economics professors and their graduate students. What differentiated the Chicago School from Charles River was its fostering of social cohesion and its effective transmission of value orientations across generations.
Gender Sensitivity in the National Roma Integration Strategies of Member States of the European Union
Authors: Sanchís-Ramón María-José , La Parra-Casado Daniel , Gil-González Diana , Estévez-García Jesús F , Vives-Cases Carmen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A large part of the European Roma community faces prejudices, discrimination, and social exclusion. This situation is more visible in Roma women. This study assesses gender sensitivity in the National Roma Integration Strategies (NRIS) of the Member States of the European Union. To do so, an adapted ad hoc tool was applied to the twenty-seven NRIS documents, making it possible to identify gender sensitivity in its “symbolic dimension”—declaration of principles and values that guide the action and/or proposing reasons of the intervention; and in its “operational dimension”—formal aspects of the intervention. In addition, this tool allowed us to classify the documents according to their gender approach. A low gender sensitivity is observed, which is more developed in the symbolic part. The line of action with greater gender sensitivity is health, followed by employment and education. Gender sensitivity is nonexistent for housing.
The Neurodevelopmental Disorders Associated Gene Rnf113a Regulates Survival and Differentiation Properties of Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Tsampoula Matina , Tarampoulous Isaak , Manolakou Theodora , Ninou Elpinickie , Politis Panagiotis K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
RNF113A (Ring Finger Protein 113A) is genetically associated with autism spectrum disorders and X-linked trichothiodystrophy (TTD) syndrome. Loss-of-function mutations in human RNF113A are causally linked to TTD, which is characterized by abnormal development of the central nervous system (CNS) and mental retardation. How the loss of RNF113A activity affects brain development is not known. Here we identify Rnf113a1 as a critical regulator of cell death and neurogenesis during mouse brain development. Rnf113a1 gene exhibits widespread expression in the embryonic CNS. Knockdown studies in embryonic cortical neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) and the mouse cortex suggest that Rnf113a1 controls the survival, proliferation, and differentiation properties of progenitor cells. Importantly, Rnf113a1 deficiency triggers cell apoptosis via a combined action on essential regulators of cell survival, including p53, Nupr1, and Rad51. Collectively, these observations establish Rnf113a1 as a regulatory factor in CNS development and provide insights into its role in neurodevelopmental defects associated with TTD and autism.
The COVID-19 Pandemic: Health Impact on Unaccompanied Migrant Children
Authors: Siegel Jennifer L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
From the point of apprehension by U.S. Customs and Border Protection at the U.S.–Mexican border to their reunification with sponsors in U.S. communities, unaccompanied children (UC) face political, social, and economic conditions, heightening their risk for mental and physical health burdens that may be exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such risk underscores the importance of social work practice and advocacy for the improved treatment and experiences of UC. This article uses a structural vulnerability conceptual lens to summarize the existing literature regarding UC and argues that UC’s liminal immigration status, economic precarity, and lack of healthcare access place this group at high structural vulnerability during the pandemic. Further, this article identifies and describes three contexts of structural vulnerability of UC that are important points of social work intervention: (1) at the border, where migrant children are denied their legal right to seek protection; (2) in detention and shelter facilities; and (3) during reunification with sponsors. This article concludes with important practice and policy opportunities for social workers to pursue to obtain social justice for an important and highly vulnerable migrant child population.
Social Work and Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR): Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Teixeira Samantha , Kennedy Heather 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe social work profession has made tremendous contributions to youth well-being, laying the foundation for social welfare systems and child protection laws. However, deficit-based constructions of youth are deeply engrained in the profession. Social work researchers have called for attention to critical approaches like youth participatory action research (YPAR). YPAR has an action-oriented epistemology and engages youth as coresearchers, providing an opportunity to shift social work research and practice paradigms. Yet, social work scholars lag behind cognate disciplines in adopting YPAR. This article examines challenges that have stymied YPAR in social work. The authors review the historical roots of the profession and its relationship to youth; examine present challenges, including social work’s training and career progression; and make suggestions for the future, calling social work to affirm our values by reevaluating the way we do research on youth, the way we train future social workers, and the paradigms driving our practice.
How onerous is the role of protector?
Authors: Chien Nancy 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This article examines the role of protectors and how the role has developed in recent case law. Specifically, the article will consider whether the duties of protectors are the same where they hold a positive power versus where they merely hold a so-called power of veto (where the positive power is held by another person such as the trustee).
This article will examine primarily the case law in Jersey; however, it will also look at the recent cases from Bermuda and England and Wales.1
Study programme driven engineering education: interplay between mathematics and engineering subjects
Authors: Bolstad Torstein , Høyvik Ida-Marie , Lundheim Lars , Nome Morten , Rønning Frode 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a report from an early phase of the project Mathematics as a Thinking Tool. The primary goal of this project is to increase engineering students’ perception of the relevance of mathematics by developing a close connection between mathematics and engineering subjects, and to develop an approach driven by the learning goals of the study programme rather than the learning goals in specific subjects. We will present examples from electrical engineering and chemistry to show how mathematics may play along with the other fields in order to develop deep conceptual understanding. Some preliminary results from student surveys are also included.
Coexistence of Rhabdomyolysis, Myocarditis and Arrhythmia after Spider Bite: A Case Report
Authors: Yılmaz Münevver , Akçay Gürbüz , Gürses Dolunay 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundRhabdomyolysis after spider bite has been reported in a small number of patients, and myocarditis in even fewer. However, arrhythmia associated with latrodectism in children has not been described in the literature to date.Case summaryA girl presented approximately 4.5 h after being bitten on the left ankle by a black spider. Two unifocal premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) were observed on the electrocardiogram. In laboratory tests, creatine kinase was elevated. On day 2, levels of troponin, pro-brain and natriuretic peptide were elevated. Electrocardiogram revealed inverted and biphasic T waves. Echocardiography revealed mild left ventricular dilation, mitral and aortic valve regurgitation. Holter electrocardiogram showed PVCs. Her laboratory and echocardiography findings completely normalized after discharge, and no arrhythmia was observed on the Holter electrocardiogram during outpatient follow-up.ConclusionAlthough spider bites are uncommon, they can cause serious systemic effects. These patients should be evaluated for arrhythmia, rhabdomyolysis and myocarditis.
Prevalence of anaemia and its associated factors among lactating mothers in eastern Sudan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdelbagi Omer M , Hassan Bahaeldin , Eltayeb Reem , ALhabardi Nadiah , Adam Ishag 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Lactating mothers are susceptible to anaemia. Little published data are available on lactational anaemia in Africa, including Sudan. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of and associated factors for anaemia among lactating mothers in eastern Sudan.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were gathered through a questionnaire.

Results
A total of 650 lactating mothers were included in the analysis. Their median age and parity were 28.0 y (interquartile range [IQR] 23.7‒32.0) and 3.0 (IQR 2.0‒4.0), respectively. Haemoglobin (Hb) levels ranged from 7.0 to 15.0 g/dL (median 11.2 [IQR 10.4‒12.0]). Of the 650 lactating mothers, 442 (68.0%) had anaemia (Hb &lt;12.0 g/dL). In multivariate analysis, lactating mothers with education less than the secondary level (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.58 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.05 to 2.37]) and lactating mothers who underwent caesarean delivery (AOR 1.74 [95% CI 1.17 to 2.58]) had a higher probability of being anaemic. Employment was associated to a lower frequency of anaemia (AOR 0.39 [95% CI 0.20 to 0.79]).

Conclusions
This study showed a high prevalence of anaemia among lactating mothers. Public health intervention activities designed towards education would be helpful to reduce anaemia.
Child Labor under Cash and In-Kind Transfers
Authors: Tagliati Federico 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the effects of cash versus in-kind transfers on the time allocation of children exploiting the randomized rollout of a program which transferred either cash or a basket of food to poor households in Mexico. Children in cash-recipient households experience a significantly larger decrease in paid employment and hours of work, and an increase in schooling, as compared to children in in-kind-recipient households. Both transfers are given to a female member of the household to enhance women’s participation in household decision-making. The difference between the cash and in-kind impacts on child time allocation is entirely driven by households presenting characteristics associated with lower female decision-making power. Thus, differences in child employment responses across transfer modalities are likely related to women-targeted transfers having larger effects on female empowerment when provided in cash.
Mobile Money and Economic Activity: Evidence from Kenya
Authors: Fabregas Raissa , Yokossi Tite 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper estimates the impact of access to mobile money services on local economic activity. The analysis combines data from the early expansion of the mobile agent network in Kenya with a local-level measure of economic performance proxied by the intensity of nighttime lights. Leveraging the variation in areas that gained access to mobile money services at different times and the high resolution of the data, the paper shows that access to mobile money services increased local economic activity and that these effects increased over time. The positive effects are more pronounced for areas that were initially more affluent, urban, and better connected to infrastructure. These results suggest that mobile money can complement, rather than just substitute for, other alternatives that enable people to connect, trade, and allocate investments within their networks.
A new taxonomist-curated reference library of DNA barcodes for Neotropical electric fish (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes)
Authors: Janzen Francesco H , Crampton William G R , Lovejoy Nathan R 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDNA barcoding is a useful tool for identifying species; however, successful barcode-based identification requires a reference library of barcode sequences from accurately identified specimens. Here we present a reference library of COI barcode sequences for the Neotropical electric knifefish, order Gymnotiformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi), a model taxon for studies of tropical diversification and biogeography, genomics, behaviour and neurobiology. Our library contains barcodes for 167 of the c. 270 valid species of gymnotiforms derived from geo-referenced museum voucher specimens, and includes sequences from 26 type specimens and 21 specimens from type localities, most of which we collected. To assess the state of gymnotiform barcodes in two main public barcode repositories, GenBank and BOLD, we compared the barcodes in these databases to our reference library. Our analysis shows that a considerable proportion of gymnotiform barcodes in GenBank and BOLD are mis- or unidentified. We encourage taxonomists to develop and publish barcode reference libraries composed of carefully curated barcode sequences.
Diagnosis, management, and prevention of acute rheumatic fever in the United States
Authors: Schoenfuss Erin S. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Acute rheumatic fever is a multisystem autoimmune disease caused by infection with group A streptococcus. The condition most commonly affects children ages 5 to 14 years who are from low-income populations. The diagnosis is clinical; however, the 2015 Jones Criteria can help support it. Acute rheumatic fever poses a significant health risk secondary to rheumatic heart disease. Although acute rheumatic fever is rare in the United States, outbreaks still occur, and certain populations continue to be at increased risk. This article describes how to identify acute rheumatic fever and provides prompt management and prevention strategies to reduce patient risk for lifelong complications.
The Implementation and Evaluation of an Innovative Clinical Immersion Experience for Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Phillips Brad , Sand-Jecklin Kari , Watson Joanne , Pinto Susan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The demand for clinical placement sites for nursing students requires the development of alternative clinical settings. This study aimed to evaluate an innovative learning experience for nursing students at the World Scout Jamboree. Nineteen students and four faculty were assigned to base camp medical facilities, providing care for more than 45,000 campers. Student pre- and posttests reported significant increases in cultural awareness, communication skills, and clinical problem-solving ability; students rated interprofessional teamwork highly. Findings reveal promising direction for use of alternative clinical sites to fill the gap in clinical placements while offering unique learning experiences.