bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preconceptual thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity in women with recurrent pregnancy losses may contribute to an increased risk for another miscarriage
Authors: Blomqvist Lennart , Nyström Helena F. , Hellgren Margareta , Strandell Annika 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate preconceptual thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO‐ab) positivity and/or thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the upper range of normal as risk factors for recurrent unexplained first‐trimester miscarriage.DesignA post‐hoc study of a randomized trial, in which acetylsalicylic acid did not affect the risk of a new miscarriage.PatientsWomen (n = 483) with at least three unexplained recurrent first‐trimester miscarriages investigated at a Swedish secondary referral center.MeasurementsThe levels of TPO‐ab and TSH were determined before pregnancy. The occurrence of a new first‐trimester miscarriage was analyzed by logistic regression with adjustments when applicable, for age, number of previous miscarriages, obesity and the investigated covariates levels of TPO‐ab and TSH.ResultsIncluding all first trimester miscarriages, odds ratio (OR) according to presence of TPO‐ab was 1.60 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.99–2.57), after adjustment 1.54 (95% CI; 0.94–2.53). Very early (biochemical) pregnancy losses occurred more often in women with than without preconceptual TPO‐ab (6.8% vs. 2.0%), OR 3.51 (95% CI; 1.15–10.71), after adjustment 2.91 (95% CI; 0.91–9.29). There was no association between TSH in the upper range of normal and a new miscarriage, adjusted OR 0.76 (95% CI; 0.32–1.83). A prediction model for a new miscarriage included number of previous miscarriages, woman's age and presence of TPO‐ab.ConclusionIn women with at least three recurrent unexplained pregnancy losses, the presence of TPO‐ab may contribute to an increased risk of a first‐trimester miscarriage, possibly more pronounced in very early pregnancy. TSH levels 2.5–4.0 mU/L do not seem to increase the miscarriage risk.
A novel variant in GATM causes idiopathic renal Fanconi syndrome and predicts progression to end‐stage kidney disease
Authors: Seaby Eleanor G. , Turner Steven , Bunyan David J. , Seyed‐Rezai Fariba , Essex Jonathan , Gilbert Rodney D. , Ennis Sarah 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRenal Fanconi syndrome (RFS) is a generalised disorder of the proximal convoluted tubule. Many genes have been associated with RFS including those that cause systemic disorders such as cystinosis, as well as isolated RFS. We discuss the case of a 10‐year‐old female who presented with leg pain and raised creatinine on a screening blood test. Her mother has RFS and required a kidney transplant in her thirties. Further investigations confirmed RFS in the daughter. Exome sequencing was performed on the affected mother, child, and unaffected father. We identified a novel variant in GATM; c.965G>C p.(Arg322Pro) segregating dominantly in the mother and daughter. We validated our finding with molecular dynamics simulations and demonstrated a dynamic signature that differentiates our variant and two previously identified pathogenic variants in GATM from wildtype. Genetic testing has uncovered a novel pathogenic variant that predicts progression to end stage kidney failure and has important implications for family planning and cascade testing. We recommend that GATM is screened for in children presenting with RFS, in addition to adults, particularly with kidney failure, who may have had previous negative gene testing.
The association between the endometrial biopsy grade and selected epidemiological and reproductive variables in a population of subfertile mares
Authors: de Witt Anika A. , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Schulman Martin L. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryBackgroundEndometrosis, a multifactorial disease, is an important cause of subfertility in the mare, and its management is reliant on histological classification.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the association between increased endometrial biopsy grade with first a mare's breed specifically either Thoroughbred or non‐Thoroughbred, age and barren status and second, a clinical history indicating one or more of acute endometritis, positive bacterial culture, previous dystocia and uterine fluid retention.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsThis retrospective study used historical reproductive data (2000–2015) from a population of 41 subfertile mares of various breeds, but mostly Thoroughbreds (30/41; 73%). Biopsies were interpreted by a single, experienced evaluator using the Kenney–Doig classification (1986).ResultsEndometrial biopsy grade was positively correlated with age (ρ = 0.606; p = 0.001) but not associated with other evaluated variables (p > 0.05).Main limitationsUse of a small, non‐randomly selected subfertile mare population.ConclusionsMare age was an important predictor of her reproductive performance, and performing an endometrial biopsy is therefore indicated in older mares.
Oxygen availability regulates the quality of soil dissolved organic matter by mediating microbial metabolism and iron oxidation
Authors: Li Ye , Chen Zengming , Chen Ji , Castellano Michael J. , Ye Chenglong , Zhang Nan , Miao Yuncai , Zheng Huijie , Li Junjie , Ding Weixin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in biogeochemical processes and in determining the responses of soil organic matter (SOM) to global change. Although the quantity of soil DOM has been inventoried across diverse spatio‐temporal scales, the underlying mechanisms accounting for variability in DOM dynamics remain unclear especially in upland ecosystems. Here, a gradient of SOM storage across 12 croplands in northeast China was used to understand links between DOM dynamics, microbial metabolism, and abiotic conditions. We assessed the composition, biodegradability, and key biodegradable components of DOM. In addition, SOM and mineral‐associated organic matter (MAOM) composition, soil enzyme activities, oxygen availability, soil texture, and iron (Fe), Fe‐bound organic matter, and nutrient concentrations were quantified to clarify the drivers of DOM quality (composition and biodegradability). The proportion of biodegradable DOM increased exponentially with decreasing initial DOM concentration due to larger fractions of depolymerized DOM that was rich in small‐molecular phenols and proteinaceous components. Unexpectedly, the composition of DOM was decoupled from that of SOM or MAOM, but significantly related to enzymatic properties. These results indicate that microbial metabolism exhibited a dominant role in DOM generation. As DOM concentration declined, increased soil oxygen availability regulated DOM composition and enhanced its biodegradability mainly through mediating microbial metabolism and Fe oxidation. The oxygen‐induced oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) removed complex DOM compounds with large molecular weight. Moreover, increased oxygen availability stimulated oxidase‐catalyzed depolymerization of aromatic substances, and promoted production of protein‐like DOM components due to lower enzymatic C/N acquisition ratio. As global changes in temperature and moisture will have large impacts on soil oxygen availability, the role of oxygen in regulating DOM dynamics highlights the importance of integrating soil oxygen supply with microbial metabolism and Fe redox status to improve model predictions of soil carbon under climate change.
Cognitive impairment is correlated with olfactory identification deficits in older Japanese adults: A cross‐sectional study using objective and subjective olfactory measures
Authors: Suzuki Hirokazu , Sugiura Saiko , Nakashima Tsutomu , Teranishi Masaaki , Shimono Mariko , Murotani Kenta , Sakurai Takashi , Uchida Yasue , Saji Naoki 
Published: September 2022

AimOlfactory impairment is associated with cognitive impairment. However, differences between subjective and objective olfactory impairment measurements in older adults and their relationship with cognitive impairment are unclear.MethodsWe assessed the relationship between cognitive and olfactory impairments via a single‐center observational study in 2020. Forty‐seven individuals who visited our memory clinic were enrolled and asked to complete objective and subjective olfactory tests. Participants had dementia, mild cognitive impairment, or normal cognition. We administered the Open Essence (a simple card‐type odor identification test) and self‐administered odor questionnaire to assess objective and subjective olfaction, respectively, and the Mini‐Mental State Examination to assess cognitive function.ResultsOlder age was related to decreased Open Essence scores (P < 0.001). Compared with the mild cognitive impairment and normal cognition groups, the dementia group had significantly lower Open Essence scores (P < 0.001). Cognitive impairment was also associated with decreased Open Essence scores after adjusting for age, sex, and education (P < 0.001). Participants with dementia did not obtain lower self‐administered odor questionnaire scores than those with normal cognition, and they tended to be unaware of their olfactory impairment.ConclusionOpen Essence scores significantly decreased according to the degree of cognitive impairment. Participants with dementia were unaware of their olfactory impairment, as indicated by odor questionnaire scores. Objective and subjective scores of olfaction differed in participants with dementia. Concomitant assessment of objective and subjective olfaction is useful to screen older adults with both olfactory and cognitive impairments. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 924–929.
Implementation of communication routines facilitating person‐centred care in long‐term residential care: A pilot study
Authors: Forsgren Emma , Saldert Charlotta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSpecific routines such as the development of personal communication plans can improve the interaction between people with communication disorders and healthcare staff.Objective: This pilot study explores a model for implementing communication routines including personal communication plans in long‐term residential care.Design, Setting and ParticipantsThis multiple case study includes two residential care facilities that differ in size and the number of languages spoken. Intervention or main variables studied implementation strategies involved workshops, individual coaching and follow‐up visits. Main outcome measure implementation was assessed using goal attainment measurements, and the staff's views about facilitators and barriers to implementation were explored through structured interviews using the Theoretical Domains Framework.ResultsThe overall implementation success rate for the facilities was moderate, and one of the facilities showed promising results related to personal communication plans. Both facilities experienced barriers to implementation, including management problems and a lack of reminders. However, the two facilities seem to have different motivations for change.Discussion and ConclusionsRegardless of the features of the facility, successful implementation requires stable and committed leadership. Moreover, experiences with language diversity may motivate staff to implement communication routines.Patient or Public ContributionThe content of the implementation model used (i.e., choice of specific routines and implementation strategies) was coproduced by staff, managers and the researchers involved in this project. The staff and managers were responsible for the implementation of the new routines under the supervision of the researchers.
Isthmus morphology influences debridement efficacy of activated irrigation: A laboratory study involving biofilm mimicking hydrogel removal and high‐speed imaging
Authors: Robberecht Lieven , Delattre Jérôme , Meire Maarten 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimLittle is known about the influence of isthmus morphology on the debridement efficacy of activated irrigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of isthmus morphology on the debridement efficacy of laser‐activated irrigation (LAI), EDDY and needle irrigation (NI), and to explain the methods of isthmus cleaning by LAI and EDDY.MethodologyFour root canal models (apical diameter: 0.30 mm, taper: 0.06, curvature: 23°, length: 20 mm) were produced by CAD‐CAM with different isthmus morphologies: long‐wide (4 mm; 0.4 mm), long‐narrow (4 mm; 0.15 mm), short‐wide (2 mm; 0.4 mm) and short‐narrow (2 mm; 0.15 mm). The isthmuses were filled with a hydrogel containing dentine debris. The canals were filled with irrigant and models were assigned to the following irrigation protocols (n = 240): needle irrigation (NI) with a 30G needle, Eddy, and LAI (2940 nm Er:YAG‐laser, 15 Hz, 40 mJ, SWEEPS, tip at the canal entrance). Standardized images of the isthmuses were taken before and after irrigation, and the amount of removed hydrogel was determined using image analysis software and compared across groups using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison. Visualization of the isthmus during activation was achieved using a high‐speed camera. The pattern and speed of the flow in the isthmus as well as transient and stable cavitation were analysed using imaging software.ResultsLaser‐activated irrigation, EDDY and NI removed more hydrogel in short‐wide isthmuses than in narrow isthmuses (p < .001). LAI and EDDY removed more hydrogel than NI in every isthmus configuration (p < .001). EDDY showed eddies and stable cavitation, and LAI showed transient cavitation at each pulse, and pulsed horizontal flow with the highest particle speed in closed short isthmuses.ConclusionsIsthmus morphology influences debridement in all irrigation groups. Short‐wide isthmuses were the easiest to clean while narrow isthmuses were the most challenging to clean. Width seems to be a more critical anatomical parameter than length. LAI and EDDY resulted in the greatest biofilm removal and performed better than NI. EDDY produced eddies and stable cavitation in the isthmus, and LAI showed transient cavitation and pulsed horizontal flow.
Preparation of Si3N4 ceramic based on digital light processing 3D printing and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis
Authors: Wang Xuye , Li Yalin , Liu Bingshan , Li Shan , Duan Wenyan , Wang Gong , Chen Fei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe emergence of digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology creates favorable conditions for the preparation of complex structure silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics. However, the introduction of photosensitive resin also makes the Si3N4 ceramics prepared by 3D printing have low density and poor mechanical properties. In this study, high‐density Si3N4 ceramics were prepared at low temperatures by combining DLP 3D printing with precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP). The Si3N4 photocurable slurry with high solid content and high stability was prepared based on the optimal design of slurry components. Si3N4 green parts were successfully printed and formed by setting appropriate printing parameters. The debinding process of printed green parts was further studied, and the results showed that samples without defects and obvious deformation can be obtained by setting the heating rate at .1°C/min. The effect of the PIP cycle on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Si3N4 ceramics was studied. The experimental results showed that the mass change and open porosity of the samples tended to be stable after eight PIP cycles, and the open porosity, density, and bending strength of the Si3N4 ceramics were 1.30% (reduced by 97%), 2.64 g/cm3 (increased by 43.5%), and 162.35 MPa.
Sintering kinetics and properties of NiFe2O4‐based ceramics inert anodes doped with TiN nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Xu Jianrong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSintering kinetics of NiFe2O4‐based ceramics inert anodes for aluminum electrolysis doped 7 wt% TiN nanoparticles were conducted to investigate densification and grain growth behaviors. The linear shrinkage increased gradually with the increasing sintering temperature between 1000 and 1450°C, whereas the linear shrinkage rate exhibited a broad peak. The maximum linear shrinkage rate was obtained at 1189.4°C, and the highest densification rate was achieved at the relative density of 75.20%. Based on the pressureless sintering kinetics window, the sintering process was divided into the initial stage, the intermediate stage, and the final stage. The grain growth exponent reduced with increased sintering temperature, whereas the grain growth activation energy decreased by increasing sintering temperature and shortening dwelling time. The grain growth was mainly controlled by atomic diffusion. NiFe2O4‐based ceramics possessed high‐temperature semiconductor essential characteristics. The electrical conductivity of NiFe2O4‐based ceramics first increased and then decreased with increasing sintering temperature, reached their maximum value (960°C) of 33.45 S/cm under 1300°C, mainly attributed to the relatively dense and uniform microstructure. The thermal shock resistance of NiFe2O4‐based ceramic was improved by a stronger grain boundary bonding strength and lower coefficient of linear thermal expansion.
Phase evolution and lightweight application of dolomite@Al2O3 spherical particle with core–shell structure
Authors: Liu Yuchi , Yin Hongfeng , Tang Yun , Yuan Hudie , Xin Yalou , Ren Xiaohu , Song Fang , Liu Yun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDolomite@Al2O3 spherical particles with core–shell structure were fabricated by using the dolomite powders as the core and wrapping corundum powders on their surface. The phase evolution and microstructure of the dolomite@Al2O3 spherical particles with different firing temperatures were studied. As the spherical particles fired at different temperatures, the dolomite in the spherical core decomposed into MgO and CaO. Due to the Kirkendall effect, MgO and CaO diffused into the shell of the spherical particle and left Kirkendall holes in the core. The holes produced by the Kirkendall effect and the decomposition of dolomite act together to form a hollow structure in the center. And during the diffusion process, MgO and CaO reacted with corundum to generate spinel and calcium hexaaluminate. A small amount of spinel and calcium hexaaluminate can form a ternary compound Ca2Mg2Al28O46. Moreover, simulation software Factsage and Abaqus were used separately to help prove the phase evolution and the introduction of spherical particles to the properties of refractories. To test the lightweight effect of dolomite@Al2O3 spherical particles on refractories, it was introduced into spinel–corundum refractories as medium particles in different content and fired at different temperatures. The results show that after firing at 1650°C for 3 h with introducing 30% dolomite@Al2O3 spherical particles, the samples can reach a high compressive strength (128 MPa), high refractoriness under load (1683°C), and low thermal conductivity (1.79 W (m K)−1).
I love you too much to keep social distance: Closeness in relationships and (dis)engagement in preventive behaviors during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Shamloo Soraya E. , Cocco Veronica Margherita , Visintin Emilio Paolo , Trifiletti Elena , Vezzali Loris 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough we are witnessing a new phase in the management of COVID‐19, understanding what predicts adherence to preventive behaviors still remains crucial. In this study we focus on interpersonal relationships by specifically investigating whether engagement in preventive behaviors when in the presence of others may be a function of the type of relationship (in terms of closeness) one has with others. Because close others are often perceived similar to the self compared to strangers, we put forward that close relationships may inadvertently decrease COVID‐19 risk perceptions which may ultimately decrease compliance with recommended behaviors when in their presence. To test this hypothesis, 747 Italian respondents were invited to answer one out of four versions of a questionnaire differing on the target (i.e., friends vs. parents vs. grandparents vs. strangers), including questions regarding COVID‐19 risk perceptions and intentions to engage in preventive behaviors. Mediation analysis showed that close relationships (i.e., with friends, parents, and grandparents) compared to nonclose relationships (i.e., with strangers) predicted lower intentions to engage in preventive behaviors via lower risk perceptions. Altogether, these results shed light on the role played by closeness in indirectly shaping individuals' dis(engagement) in preventive behaviors and contribute to better understand possible unconscious biases which may undermine our safety during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Asymmetrical friendships? People are willing to risk COVID‐19 infection from friends but are reluctant to pass it on to them
Authors: Ludwig Jonas , Strack Fritz 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough most protective behaviors related to the COVID‐19 pandemic come with personal costs, they will produce the largest benefit if everybody cooperates. This study explores two interacting factors that drive cooperation in this tension between private and collective interests. A preregistered experiment (N = 299) examined (a) how the quality of the relation among interacting partners (social proximity), and (b) how focusing on the risk of self‐infection versus onward transmission affected intentions to engage in protective behaviors. The results suggested that risk focus was an important moderator of the relation between social proximity and protection intentions. Specifically, participants were more willing to accept the risk of self‐infection from close others than from strangers, resulting in less caution toward a friend than toward a distant other. However, when onward transmission was the primary concern, participants were more reluctant to effect transmission to close others, resulting in more caution toward friends than strangers. These findings inform the debate about effective nonclinical measures against the pandemic. Practical implications for risk communication are discussed.
Bank risk in uncertain times: Do credit rationing and revenue diversification matter?
Authors: De Silva Ashton , Duong Huu Nhan , Nguyen My , Nguyen Yen Ngoc 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe show that bank risk rises, particularly for larger banks and those with greater interest‐sensitive liabilities, during times of economic policy uncertainty through two economic channels: “credit rationing” and “revenue diversification.” The credit rationing channel shows that economic policy uncertainty increases aggregate loan spreads, exacerbating both adverse selection and moral hazard problems leading to higher bank risk. The revenue diversification channel suggests that as economic policy uncertainty reduces bank profits from traditional interest‐based products, banks diversify into other non‐traditional activities, thereby increasing their instability. Overall, our findings highlight the impact of economic policy uncertainty on exacerbating bank risk.
Pandemics and cash
Authors: Baxamusa Mufaddal , Jalal Abu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between firms’ cash holdings and pandemics. Our results show that compared to tele‐workable firms, whose employees can work remotely, non‐tele‐workable firms with more on‐site employees increase cash during pandemics. This increase in cash comes from short‐debt, preferred stocks, reduction in capital expenditures, discontinuation of some operations and lower tax payments. Firms hold more cash as a reaction to higher default risk. For non‐tele‐workable firms, there is a positive relationship between abnormal stock returns and cash, suggesting that this increase in cash during pandemics is not driven by behavioral reasons but by increases in uncertainty in labor productivity.