bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomal microRNA-23b-3p promotes tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by targeting PTEN in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Hou Chen-xing , Sun Nan-nan , Han Wei , Meng Ying , Wang Chen-xing , Zhu Qing-hai , Tang Yu-ting , Ye Jin-hai 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-23b-3p is known to target various genes that are involved in cancer-related pathways. Exosomes are emerging intercellular communication agents. Exosomes secreted by cancer cells can deliver active molecules to the surrounding stromal cells, thereby influencing the recipient cells and promoting the development of cancers. However, the role of exosomal miR-23b-3p in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is not yet clear. In this study, we set out to investigate the potential role of cancer-derived exosomal miR-23b-3p-related phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 in the alteration of angiogenesis and vascular permeability in SACC. We investigated the effect of exosomal miR-23b-3p on the progression of SACC. In vitro experiments indicated that exosomal miR-23b-3p led to an upregulation of vascular permeability, and reduced expression of tight junction proteins. In addition, exosomal miR-23b-3p also enhanced angiogenesis and migration. Next, the angiogenic effect of exosomal miR-23b-3p was validated in vivo, as it led to an increase in the tumor microvasculature. Furthermore, the growth rate of SACC was faster after injection of exosomes loaded with cholesterol-modified miR-23b-3p in mice. In conclusion, these results revealed that SACC cell-derived exosomes play an important role in promoting angiogenesis and local vascular microleakage of SACC by transporting miR-23b-3p, which suggests that miR-23b-3p in the exosomes may be a potential biomarker for distant metastasis of SACC. This suggests the potential of a novel therapeutic target by delivering anti-miR-23b-3p that focuses on exosomes.
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Incidence Among Southern Men Who Have Sex With Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Treatment as Prevention Era, 2014–2019
Authors: Gravett Ronnie M , Cleveland John D , Overton Edgar T , Marrazzo Jeanne 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this retrospective analysis of men who have sex with men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the South from 2014 through 2019, incident bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increased regardless of virologic control. Clinicians should prioritize STI screening and management in primary HIV care.
Biphasic Waning of Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Titers After Influenza Vaccination in Children
Authors: Xiong Weijia , Tsang Tim K , Perera Ranawaka A P M , Leung Nancy H L , Fang Vicky J , Barr Ian G , Malik Peiris J S , Cowling Benjamin J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We explored the potential for a biphasic pattern in waning of antibody titers after influenza vaccination. We collected blood samples in a randomized controlled trial of influenza vaccination in children and tested them with hemagglutination inhibition assays for influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B/Victoria lineage. Using piecewise log-linear mixed-effects models, we found evidence for a faster initial waning of antibody titers for the first 1–2 years after vaccination and then slower longer-term declines. Children with higher postvaccination titers had faster antibody decay.
Sapling Stocking Targets for Multiple Management Goals in Northern Hardwood Forests: How Do Stands Measure Up?
Authors: Walters Michael B , Henry Catherine R , Farinosi Evan J , Roloff Gary J , Donovan Michael L , Hartman Jason P 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWell-stocked natural tree regeneration is critical to sustainable management of northern hardwood forests (NHF) by selection silviculture, but explicit goals and stocking criteria for sapling recruit size classes are lacking. For stems 0–2 in. (0–5.1 cm), we define 171 and 691 stems ac−1 (422.5 and 1,707.5 ha−1) as lower and upper full stocking thresholds for basic NHF management goals (wood and biomass productivity) and overabundant/pest–pathogen-challenged species. We define component stocking targets as 15% of full stocking targets for six additional wildlife (e.g., nut producers) and resilience (e.g., pest–pathogen) goals and individual species representation. Applying our system to 141 managed stands in Michigan, USA, we found several areas of concern. At low threshold, 33% of stands were understocked for biomass and wood goals, whereas 67% were fully stocked with overabundant/pest–pathogen-challenged species. Among goals, component stocking (low threshold) was as low as 5% (nut producers), with more than half the stands component stocked for ≤ 2 goals and ≤ 2 individual species. Stocking varied geographically and decreased with increasing site quality, overstory basal area, and deer use.Study ImplicationsThe stocking goals and density criteria we developed can help managers objectively identify areas where current silvicultural practices are ineffective and need modification. Our system is based on an interactive platform that can be readily modified to accommodate new information and management goals. Several management suggestions emerged from applying our system to selection-managed NHF stands in Michigan. First, highest quality sites have the greatest stocking challenges. Stocking outcomes could likely be improved via more intense overstory harvests and mitigation of deer impacts. Second, most stands meeting stocking goals are vulnerable to future changes in climate and pest–pathogen outbreaks, given stocking is often dominated by a small subset of candidate species. Planting, including the incorporation of assisted migration species candidates could help ameliorate this problem, as species could be evaluated based on their contribution to multiple component stocking goals.
Constraints on the abundance of supermassive primordial black holes from lensing of compact radio sources
Authors: Zhou Huan , Lian Yujie , Li Zhengxiang , Cao Shuo , Huang Zhiqi 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
The possibility that primordial black holes (PBHs) form a part of dark matter has been considered over a wide mass range from the Planck mass ($10^{-5}~\rm g$) to the level of the supermassive black hole in the center of the galaxy. Primordial origin might be one of the most important formation channel of supermassive black holes. We use the non-detection of lensing effect of very long baseline interferometer observations of compact radio sources with extremely high angular resolution as a promising probe to constrain the abundance of intergalactic PBHs in the mass range ∼104–109 M⊙. For a sample of well-measured 543 flat-spectrum compact radio sources, no milli-lensed images are found with angular separations between 1.5 and 50 milli-arcsec. From this null search result, we derive that the fraction of dark matter made up of supermassive PBHs in the mass range ∼106–108 M⊙ is $\lesssim 1.48{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$ at $95{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$ confidence level. This constraints would be significantly improved due to the rapid increase of the number of measured compact radio sources. For instance, on the basis of none confirmed milli-lensing candidate in the latest ∼14 000 sources, we derive the abundance of supermassive PBHs and obtain that it is $\lesssim 0.06{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$ at $95{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$ confidence level.
Distinct Functions of the Atypical Terminal Hydrophilic Domain of the HKT Transporter in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Imran Shahin , Oyama Masumi , Horie Rie , Kobayashi Natsuko I , Costa Alex , Kumano Ryosuke , Hirata Chiho , Tran Sen Thi Huong , Katsuhara Maki , Tanoi Keitaro , Kohchi Takayuki , Ishizaki Kimitsune , Horie Tomoaki 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
K+/Na+ homeostasis is important for land plants, particularly under salt stress. In this study, the structure and ion transport properties of the high-affinity K+ transporter (HKT) of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha were investigated. Only one HKT gene, MpHKT1, was identified in the genome of M. polymorpha. Phylogenetic analysis of HKT proteins revealed that non-seed plants possess HKTs grouped into a clade independent of the other two clades including HKTs of angiosperms. A distinct long hydrophilic domain was found in the C-terminus of MpHKT1. Complementary DNA (cDNA) of truncated MpHKT1 (t-MpHKT1) encoding the MpHKT_Δ596-812 protein was used to examine the functions of the C-terminal domain. Both MpHKT1 transporters fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein at the N-terminus were localized to the plasma membrane when expressed in rice protoplasts. Two-electrode voltage clamp experiments using Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that MpHKT1 mediated the transport of monovalent alkali cations with higher selectivity for Na+ and K+, but truncation of the C-terminal domain significantly reduced the transport activity with a decrease in the Na+ permeability. Overexpression of MpHKT1 or t-MpHKT1 in M. polymorpha conferred accumulation of higher Na+ levels and showed higher Na+ uptake rates, compared to those of wild-type plants; however, phenotypes with t-MpHKT1 were consistently weaker than those with MpHKT1. Together, these findings suggest that the hydrophilic C-terminal domain plays a unique role in the regulation of transport activity and ion selectivity of MpHKT1.
Genome-Informed Design of a LAMP Assay for the Specific Detection of the Strain of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ Phytoplasma Occurring in Grapevines in South Africa
Authors: Alič Špela , Dermastia Marina , Burger Johan , Dickinson Matthew , Pietersen Gerhard , Pietersen Gert , Dreo Tanja 
Published: April 2022

Grapevine yellows is one of the most damaging phytoplasma-associated diseases worldwide. It is linked to several phytoplasma species, which can vary regionally due to phytoplasma and insect-vector diversity. Specific, rapid, and reliable detection of the grapevine yellows pathogen has an important role in phytoplasma control. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of a distinct strain of grapevine ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ that is present in South Africa, through implementation of a genome-informed test design approach. Several freely available, user-friendly, web-based tools were coupled to design the specific LAMP assays. The criteria for selection of the assays were set for each step of the process, which resulted in four experimentally operative LAMP assays that targeted the ftsH/hflB gene region, specific to the aster yellows phytoplasma strain from South Africa. A real-time PCR was developed, targeting the same genetic region, to provide extensive validation of the LAMP assay. The validated molecular assays are highly specific to the targeted aster yellows phytoplasma strain from South Africa, with good sensitivity and reproducibility. We show a genome-informed molecular test design and an efficient validation approach for molecular tests if reference and sample materials are sparse and hard to obtain. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Discharge to Rehabilitation Predicts Increased Morbidity in Patients Undergoing Posterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion
Authors: Katz Austen D. , Song Junho , Ngan Alex , Job Alan , Morris Matthew , Perfetti Dean , Virk Sohrab , Silber Jeff , Essig David 
Published: April 2022

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
The aim was to compare 30-day readmission and postdischarge morbidity for posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF) in patients who were discharged to home versus rehabilitation.

Summary of Background Data:
An increasing number of patients are being discharged to postacute inpatient care facilities following spine surgery. However, little research has been performed to evaluate the effect of this trend on short-term outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
Patients who underwent PCDF from 2011 to 2018 were identified using the National Surgical Quality Improvements Program (NSQIP)-database. Regression was utilized to compare primary outcomes between home and rehabilitation groups and to control for predictors of outcomes.

Results:
We identified 8912 patients. Unadjusted analysis revealed that rehabilitation-discharge patients had greater readmission (10.4% vs. 8.0%, P=0.002) and postdischarge morbidity (7.1% vs. 4.0%, P<0.001) rates. After controlling for patient-related factors, rehabilitation-discharge independently predicted postdischarge morbidity (P<0.001, odds ratio=2.232). Readmission no longer differed between groups (P=0.071, odds ratio=1.311). Rates of discharge to rehabilitation increased from 23.5% in 2011 to 25.3% in 2018, while postdischarge morbidity rates remained stagnant.
Patients discharged to rehabilitation were older (66.9 vs. 59.4 y); more likely to be African American (21.4% vs. 13.8%) and have diabetes (27.1% vs. 17.5%), steroid use (6.4% vs. 4.7%, P=0.002), and American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA)-class ≥3 (80.2% vs. 57.7%); less likely to be male (53.9% vs. 57.4%, P=0.004) and smokers (20.3% vs. 26.6%); and had greater operative time (198 vs. 170 min) and length of hospital stay (5.9 vs. 3.3 d) (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Despite controlling for significant factors, discharge to rehabilitation independently predicted a 2.2 times increased odds of postdischarge morbidity. Rates of discharge to rehabilitation increased overtime without an appreciable decrease in postdischarge morbidity, suggesting that greater resources are being utilized in the postacute care period without an obvious justification. Therefore, home-discharge should be prioritized after hospitalization for PCDF when feasible. These findings are notable in light of reform efforts aimed at reducing costs while improving quality of care.
Comparison of Ratings of Perceived Exertion and Target Heart Rate–Based Exercise Prescription in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Shea Meredith G. , Headley Samuel , Mullin Elizabeth M. , Brawner Clinton A. , Schilling Patrick , Pack Quinn R. 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
Although ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) are widely used to guide exercise intensity in cardiac rehabilitation (CR), it is unclear whether target heart rate ranges (THRRs) can be implemented in CR programs that predominantly use RPE and what impact this has on changes in exercise capacity.

Methods:
We conducted a three-group pilot randomized control trial (#NCT03925493) comparing RPE of 3-4 on the 10-point modified Borg scale, 60-80% of heart rate reserve (HRR) with heart rate (HR) monitored by telemetry, or 60-80% of HRR with a personal HR monitor (HRM) for high-fidelity adherence to THRR. Primary outcomes were protocol fidelity and feasibility. Secondary outcomes included exercise HR, RPE, and changes in functional exercise capacity.

Results:
Of 48 participants randomized, four patients dropped out, 20 stopped prematurely (COVID-19 pandemic), and 24 completed the protocol. Adherence to THRR was high regardless of HRM, and patients attended a median (IQR) of 33 (23, 36) sessions with no difference between groups. After randomization, HR increased by 1 ± 6, 6 ± 5, and 10 ± 9 bpm (P = .02); RPE (average score 3.0 ± 0.05) was unchanged, and functional exercise capacity increased by 1.0 ± 1.0, 1.9 ± 1.5, 2.0 ± 1.3 workload METs (effect size between groups, η
p
2= 0.11, P = .20) for the RPE, THRR, and THRR + HRM groups, respectively.

Conclusions:
We successfully implemented THRR in an all-RPE CR program without needing an HRM. Patients randomized to THRR had higher exercise HR but similar RPE ratings. The THRR may be preferable to RPE in CR populations for cardiorespiratory fitness gains, but this needs confirmation in an adequately powered trial.
Steroidal saponins with anti-inflammatory activity from Tribulus terrestris L.
Authors: Yang Miaojie , Oppong Mahmood Brobbey , Di Jingrui , Yuan Qing , Chang Yanxu , Jiang Miaomiao , Cao Shijie , Dong Pengzhi , Li Lin , Xie Yan , Luan Xiaoying , Hu Limin , Chai Lijuan , Zhang Peng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objective:

Tribulus terrestris L. (T. terrestris) is a highly valuable traditional Chinese medicine used to treat stroke, inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, liver cancer, and urolithiasis. To identify the basic substance responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of TST (total saponins of Tribulus), its chemical composition was systematically studied, and its effect of inhibiting nitric oxide generation and the expression of related inflammatory factors were determined.

Methods:
To separate chemical constituents from T. terrestris by column chromatography. Spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, were used to elucidate the isolated compounds. The anti-inflammatory activities of TST and several compounds were evaluated in vitro.

Results:
Fifteen steroidal saponins, including 9 furostanol steroidal saponins (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 15) and 6 isospirostanol steroidal saponins (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14), were isolated from T. terrestris. TST significantly decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides. Compounds 13 and 15 evidently reduced TNF-α expression. Compounds 6, 10, 12, 13, and 15 markedly reduced IL-6 expression.

Conclusions:
Compounds 1 was a novel furostanol steroidal saponin, named 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furostan-12-carbonyl-20(22)-en-3β, 26-diol-3-O-{β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside}. Compounds 2 was isolated from the family Zygophyllaceae for the first time, and 5 and 6 were isolated from the Tribulus genus. TST and compounds 6, 10, 12, 13, and 15 exerts anti-inflammatory activity.
Profiling the molecular signature of satellite glial cells at the single cell level reveals high similarities between rodents and humans
Authors: Avraham Oshri , Chamessian Alexander , Feng Rui , Yang Lite , Halevi Alexandra E. , Moore Amy M. , Gereau Robert W. , Cavalli Valeria 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Peripheral sensory neurons located in dorsal root ganglia relay sensory information from the peripheral tissue to the brain. Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are unique glial cells that form an envelope completely surrounding each sensory neuron soma. This organization allows for close bidirectional communication between the neuron and its surrounding glial coat. Morphological and molecular changes in SGC have been observed in multiple pathological conditions such as inflammation, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, viral infection, and nerve injuries. There is evidence that changes in SGC contribute to chronic pain by augmenting the neuronal activity in various rodent pain models. Satellite glial cells also play a critical role in axon regeneration. Whether findings made in rodent model systems are relevant to human physiology have not been investigated. Here, we present a detailed characterization of the transcriptional profile of SGC in mice, rats, and humans at the single cell level. Our findings suggest that key features of SGC in rodent models are conserved in humans. Our study provides the potential to leverage rodent SGC properties and identify potential targets in humans for the treatment of nerve injuries and alleviation of painful conditions.
Assess and address: Screening and management of depression in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Wilhelm Elizabeth A. B. , Davis Leslie L. , Sharpe Leslie , Waters Sarah 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:
About one in three patients with heart failure (HF) have depression. Comorbid HF and depression are associated with poor outcomes and increased health care burden. Clinical guidelines recommend routine depression screening in patients with HF.

Local Problem:
Depression screening was not being systematically implemented in an outpatient cardiology clinic.

Methods:
To create a sustainable process for a cardiology clinic to screen adults with chronic HF for depression, identify patients who have an elevated depression screening score and initiate an evidence-based treatment algorithm for patients with depressive symptoms.

Intervention:
A nurse practitioner (NP)-led process improvement project administered the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) tool to patients with HF. The score was reviewed by the NP and, if elevated, addressed with assessment and plan. Compliance was measured by the percentage of patients screened. Clinical impact was measured by percentage of patients with an elevated score with a documented treatment plan.

Results:
Postimplementation results for four Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were 38%, 68%, 72%, and 66%, respectively, with a total 63% of patients screened during the entire project. Twenty unique patients (13.2%) had elevated PHQ-9 scores; all had a documented treatment plan.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated how a screening protocol and an accompanying treatment algorithm can be successfully implemented in an outpatient cardiology clinic. Elements of success included a standardized screening protocol, a clinical support algorithm for treatment/referral, an optimized electronic medical record, and a follow-up system for patients with significant depressive symptoms. Stakeholder engagement throughout the project informed iterative changes and provided direction for sustainability.
Outcomes of Percutaneous Tracheostomy for Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Failure
Authors: Arnold Jason , Gao Catherine A. , Malsin Elizabeth , Todd Kristy , Argento Angela Christine , Cuttica Michael , Coleman John M. , Wunderink Richard G. , Smith Sean B. ,   for the NU COVID Investigators
Published: April 2022

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause severe respiratory failure leading to prolonged mechanical ventilation. Data are just emerging about the practice and outcomes of tracheostomy in these patients. We reviewed our experience with tracheostomies for SARS-CoV-2.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the demographics, comorbidities, timing of mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, and intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay in SARS-CoV-2 patients who received tracheostomies performed by the interventional pulmonary team. A tertiary care, teaching hospital in Chicago, Illinois. From March 2020 to April 2021, our center had 473 patients intubated for SARS-CoV-2, and 72 (15%) had percutaneous bedside tracheostomy performed by the interventional pulmonary team.

Results:
Median time from intubation to tracheostomy was 20 (interquartile range: 16 to 25) days. Demographics and comorbidities were similar between early and late tracheostomy, but early tracheostomy was associated with shorter intensive care unit lengths of stay and a shorter total duration of ventilation. To date, 39 (54%) patients have been decannulated, 17 (24%) before hospital discharge; median time to decannulation was 22 (IQR: 18 to 36) days. Patients that were decannulated were younger (56 vs. 69 y). The rate of decannulation for survivors was 82%. No providers developed symptoms or tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion:
Tracheostomy enhances care for patients with prolonged respiratory failure from SARS-CoV-2 since early tracheostomy is associated with shorter duration of critical care, and decannulation rates are high for survivors. It furthermore appears safe for both patients and operators.