bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the seismic behaviour of monolithic lunar arches subjected to moonquakes
Authors: Kalapodis Nicos , Zalachoris Georgios , Ktenidou Olga‐Joan , Kampas Georgios 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWith a new era emerging in the field of lunar exploration and habitation, there is a need for research on structural forms made of local soil material (regolith), which will be able to endure the extreme conditions in harsh environments (e.g., extreme temperature fluctuations, solar and cosmic radiation, meteor showers, strong ground motions, etc.). The present work focuses on understanding the dynamic and seismic behaviour of certain structural typologies of monolithic arches by means of finite element analysis (FEA). These typologies were extensively investigated previously, using static analyses accounting for the reduced gravitational field on the moon, and proved to be of the optimum shape against certain loading scenarios. Specifically, these optimal monolithic arch forms (named enhanced varying‐thickness arches – EVTAs) examined herewith, are described by varying‐thickness geometry, properly enhanced at certain weak points for increasing their structural stability. Aiming at a fair comparison, the seismic behaviour of EVTAs is contrasted to that of their corresponding monolithic constant‐thickness (CTAs) counterparts (having the same amount of structural material). After defining an appropriate damage state, the authors conduct preliminary pushover analyses to determine the structural capacity of the arches against lateral loading. Subsequently, the modal analysis of the EVTAs shows that the second/vertical mode exhibits a natural period almost equal to that of their first/translational mode and substantially longer than the corresponding second/vertical mode of their CTA counterparts, indicating a potential vulnerability along the vertical excitation. Furthermore, taking into account that shallow moonquakes are comparable to intraplate earthquakes in terms of hazard potential, the authors produce sets of stochastic seismic excitations used as time histories for seismic analyses. The probability of exceedance of the defined damage state as a function of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) is presented through indicative fragility curves, where the structural superiority of EVTAs against their CTA counterparts is demonstrated.
Aromatic potential, quality and antioxidant activity of saffron grown in Morocco
Authors: Kabiri Ghizlane , Hssaini Lahcen , Naim Nadia , Houmanat Karim , Ennahli Said , Fauconnier Marie‐Laure , Hanine Hafida 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSaffron is a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus L., which has a special aroma, colour and odour influencing positively its economic value. In this context, ten saffron ecotypes were screened for their biochemical composition and antioxidant activity. The samples were also analysed using GC‐MS and LC‐MS to determine their content of volatile and phenolic compounds, respectively. The results revealed statistically significant differences among samples based on moisture (9.09%‐11.23%), total phenols (31.62‐62.71 mg EAG/g), total flavonoids (23.02‐40.02 mg ER/mg), total carotenoids (66.12‐155.05 μg/g), picrocrocin (88.99‐121.53), crocin (137.44‐228.39) and safranal (26.56‐53.04). The radical scavenging activity ranged from 17.09% to 29.53% for DPPH assay, and oscillated from 0.128 mmol AAE/g to 0.239 mmol AAE/g for ABTS test, while the ferric reducing antioxidant potency (FRAP) varied from 0.974 to 1.989 mmol Fe2+/g. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis identified 66 volatile compounds, among which the Safranal and Isophorone were the most abondant. The ES1 from Taliouine recorded a very distinct volatile composition compared to the others ecotypes with 22 authentic volatile compounds. Moreover, liquid chromatography‐ mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analysis revealed 14 phenolic compounds with picrocrocin and crocin were found to be the major compounds. The principal component analysis classified the investigated ecotypes into two mean distinctive sets with ES1 and ES9 were distinguished as a single items. The α‐pinene, β‐pinene, limonene, anethole, acetic acid, ketoisophorone, isophorone, safranal, thymoquinone, total flavonoids, FRAP and total carotenoids, are the main discriminant variables. The two‐dimensional analysis of the clustered heatmaps divided showed a relatively similar patterns as the principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmed the singularity of the sample ES1 based on its particular volatile profile dominated mainly by α‐terpinyl acetate, methyleugenol, copaene, anethole, limonene, methyl‐cyclopentane, which were not identified in the other samples even at minor levels. These findings herein found revealed the high quality of Moroccan saffron, which is very important for the species breeding and valorization.
Expanding the spectrum of GLI1‐altered mesenchymal tumors—A high‐grade uterine sarcoma harboring a novel PAMR1::GLI1 fusion and literature review of GLI1‐altered mesenchymal neoplasms of the gynecologic tract
Authors: Punjabi Lavisha S. , Goh Chin Hong Ronald , Sittampalam Kesavan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGLI1‐altered mesenchymal tumors comprise a group of seemingly unrelated entities, including pericytoma with t(7;12) translocation, plexiform fibromyxoma, gastroblastoma, malignant epithelioid neoplasm with GLI1 rearrangements, and GLI1‐amplified mesenchymal neoplasms. Herein, we report a high‐grade uterine sarcoma harboring a novel PAMR1::GLI1 fusion and present a literature review of GLI1‐altered mesenchymal neoplasms of the gynecologic tract. A 57‐year‐old female presented with an abdomino‐pelvic mass, felt since a decade prior. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogenous myometrial mass extending beyond the serosa. The patient underwent oncologic surgical resection. Gross examination revealed a perforated multi‐nodular uterine tumor (21 cm) with a firm white and soft fleshy cut surface, featuring hemorrhage and necrosis. The tumor was morphologically heterogenous, disclosing frankly sarcomatous areas composed of pleomorphic spindle and focally epithelioid cells, intermingled with a component of low‐grade spindle cells arranged in fascicles. There was a rich vascular network and zones of necrosis with peripheral amianthoid‐like collagen plaques. Lymphovascular invasion and metastasis to lymph nodes and omentum were present. The tumor was immunopositive for CD10 and cyclinD1, and negative for cytokeratins, myogenic, melanotic, and hormonal markers. ArcherTM Fusion Sarcoma Assay detected PAMR1(exon1)::GLI1(exon4) fusion, confirmed on RT‐PCR and Sanger sequencing. The patient received chemo‐radiotherapy, however, developed metastatic recurrence and demised 18 months post‐surgery. Altogether, this is a rare and diagnostically challenging case of a uterine sarcoma harboring a novel GLI1 fusion. Emerging GLI/Hedgehog inhibitors provide clinical relevance to recognizing these tumors in modern pathology.
Predictive models demonstrate age‐dependent association of subcortical volumes and cognitive measures
Authors: Weerasekera Akila , Ion‐Mărgineanu Adrian , Green Christopher , Mody Maria , Nolan Garry P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWhether brain matter volume is correlated with cognitive functioning and higher intelligence is controversial. We explored this relationship by analysis of data collected on 193 healthy young and older adults through the “Leipzig Study for Mind–Body–Emotion Interactions” (LEMON) study. Our analysis involved four cognitive measures: fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Brain subregion volumes were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. We normalized each subregion volume to the estimated total intracranial volume and conducted training simulations to compare the predictive power of normalized volumes of large regions of the brain (i.e., gray matter, cortical white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid), normalized subcortical volumes, and combined normalized volumes of large brain regions and normalized subcortical volumes. Statistical tests showed significant differences in the performance accuracy and feature importance of the subregion volumes in predicting cognitive skills for young and older adults. Random forest feature selection analysis showed that cortical white matter was the key feature in predicting fluid intelligence in both young and older adults. In young adults, crystallized intelligence was best predicted by caudate nucleus, thalamus, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens volumes, whereas putamen, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus volumes were selected for older adults. Cognitive flexibility was best predicted by the caudate, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus in young adults and caudate and amygdala in older adults. Finally, working memory was best predicted by the putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens in the younger group, whereas amygdala and hippocampus volumes were predictive in the older group. Thus, machine learning predictive models demonstrated an age‐dependent association between subcortical volumes and cognitive measures. These approaches may be useful in predicting the likelihood of age‐related cognitive decline and in testing of approaches for targeted improvement of cognitive functioning in older adults.
Risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and associations with gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: McHenry Scott , Zong Xiaoyu , Shi Mengyao , Fritz Cassandra D.L , Pedersen Katrina S. , Peterson Linda R. , Lee Jeffrey K. , Fields Ryan C. , Davidson Nicholas O. , Cao Yin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Metabolic syndrome may contribute to the rising incidence of multiple gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in recent birth cohorts. However, other than hepatocellular carcinoma, the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and risk of non‐liver GI cancers is unexplored. We prospectively examined the associations of NAFLD risk with GI cancers among 319,290 participants in the UK Biobank (2006–2019). Baseline risk for NAFLD was estimated using the Dallas Steatosis Index, a validated prediction tool. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to NAFLD risk categories: low (<20%), intermediate (20%–49%), and high (≥50%). We also examined the associations by age of cancer diagnosis (earlier onset [<60] vs. ≥60). A total of 273 incident liver cancer and 4789 non‐liver GI cancer cases were diagnosed. Compared with individuals at low risk for NAFLD, those at high risk had 2.41‐fold risk of liver cancer (RR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.73–3.35) and 23% increased risk of non‐liver GI cancers (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.14–1.32) (all p
trend < 0.001). Stronger associations were observed for men and individuals who were obese (all p
interaction < 0.05). NAFLD‐associated elevated risk was stronger for earlier‐onset cancers. For each 25% increase in NAFLD risk, the RRs for earlier‐onset cancers were 1.32 (95% CI: 1.05–1.66) for esophageal cancer, 1.35 (95% CI: 1.06–1.72) for gastric cancer, 1.34 (95% CI: 1.09–1.65) for pancreatic cancer, and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.01–1.20) for colorectal cancer. Conclusion: NAFLD risk was associated with an increased risk of liver and most GI cancers, especially those of earlier onset.
Cortical response induced by task‐oriented training of the upper limb in subacute stroke patients as assessed by functional near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Huo Congcong , Xu Gongcheng , Sun Aiping , Xie Hui , Hu Xiaoling , Li Wenhao , Li Zengyong , Fan Yubo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite the popularity of task‐oriented training for stroke, the cortical reorganization associated with this type of therapy remains to be fully elucidated due to the lack of dynamic assessment tools. A good tolerance for motion artifacts makes functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) suitable for investigating task‐induced cortical responses in stroke patients. Here, patients were randomly assigned to receive task oriented (n = 25) or cyclic rotary training (n = 25) with simultaneous cortical activation and effective connectivity network analysis between prefrontal and motor cortices (PFC/MC). Compared with cyclic rotary training, task‐oriented training induced significantly increased activation in both hemispheres and enhanced influence of PFC on MC. In addition, significantly decreased activation lateralization and increased betweenness centrality of the contralesional MC suggested widespread involvement of the contralesional hemisphere during task‐oriented training. This study verifies the feasibility of fNIRS combined with motor paradigms for assessing neural responses associated with stroke rehabilitation in real time.
Cerium oxide nanoparticles exert antitumor effects and enhance paclitaxel toxicity and activity against breast cancer cells
Authors: Atlı Şekeroğlu Zülal , Şekeroğlu Vedat , Aydın Birsen , Kontaş Yedier Seval 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) displayed cytotoxic properties against some cancer cells. However, there is very limited data about the possible antitumoral potential of them in breast cancer cells when used alone and/or together with a chemotherapeutic drug. We investigated the effects of CeONPs alone or in combination with paclitaxel (PAC) on healthy or carcinoma breast cells. After human breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) treated with CeONPs alone or together with PAC for 24, 48, and 72 h, the effects of CeONPs on cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and adhesion were investigated. All cell viability and IC50 values of CeONPs and PAC treatments in healthy breast cells (HTERT‐HME1) were higher than MCF‐7 cells. They showed higher cytotoxicity against MCF‐7 cells. CeONPs (10, 20, and 30 mM) and/or abraxane (AB) (2 μM) significantly decreased cell viability values in MCF‐7 cells. All CeONPs concentrations increased the number of apoptotic MCF‐7 cells. CeONPs (20 and 30 mM) alone or in combination with AB for 72 h treatment also significantly increased the apoptosis in compared to AB alone. CeONPs and/or AB can significantly inhibit the migratory ability of breast cancer cells. The migration rates in co‐treated groups with CeONPs and AB were lower than CeONPs treatments. Higher concentrations of CeONPs alone or together with AB inhibited cell adhesion. Our results showed CeONPs can increase cytotoxicity and apoptosis and decrease cell migration and cell adhesion when used alone or together with AB. Therefore, combination of chemotherapeutics with CeONPs may provide a good strategy against cancer.
Assessment of lower limb trophism in fetuses with open spina bifida using fractional thigh volume of three‐dimensional ultrasound
Authors: Milani Hérbene José Figuinha , Barreto Enoch Quinderé de Sá , Araujo Júnior Edward , Cavalheiro Sérgio , Barbosa Maurício Mendes , Peixoto Alberto Borges , Moron Antonio Fernandes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the trophism of the lower limbs of fetuses with open spina bifida using fractional thigh volume (TVOL) of three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study was carried out with normal fetuses and with open spina bifida (myelomeningocele and rachischisis) at 26 weeks' gestation. The TVOL (delimitation of five cross‐sectional areas of the middle portion of the limb) was evaluated, as well as the subjective assessment of hypotrophy and lower limb movement.ResultsThirty‐one fetuses with open spina bifida, 21 with myelomeningocele and 10 with rachischisis, and 51 normal fetuses were included. There were no significant differences in the TVOL between normal and spina bifida fetuses (p = 0.623), as well as between normal fetuses, with myelomeningocele and with rachischisis (p = 0.148). There was no significant difference in the TVOL of fetuses with spina bifida with or without lower limb hypotrophy (p = 0.148). Fetuses with spina bifida and with lower limb movement had higher TVOL values than fetuses without lower limb movement (p = 0.002).ConclusionThere were no significant differences in the TVOL measurement of normal and spina bifida fetuses (rachischisis and myelomeningocele). Fetuses with spina bifida without spontaneous movement of the lower limbs had lower TVOL values.
Child internalizing and externalizing behaviors: Interplay between maternal depressive symptoms and child inhibitory control
Authors: Hermansen Tone K. , Syrstad Kari E. , Røysamb Espen , Melinder Annika M. D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMaternal depression is a risk factor for child internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Aiming to investigate the moderating role of child inhibitory control on this relationship, we invited a sub‐sample of dyads from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort study (MoBa) for a lab‐based assessment (N = 92,Mage = 68 months, Range = 59–80, 50% girls). Maternal depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II), while child behaviors were measured using the Child Behavior Check List, and inhibitory control using a child friendly version of the Flanker‐task. As expected, higher levels of concurrent maternal depressive symptoms predicted higher levels of child internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Importantly, and in line with our predictions, child inhibitory control moderated the association. Lower levels of inhibitory control predicted a stronger association between concurrent maternal depressive symptoms and child behavioral outcomes. The results support prior research suggesting that concurrent maternal depression poses a risk for child development, and highlight that children with lower levels of inhibitory control are more vulnerable to negative environmental influences. These findings contribute to our understanding of the complexity of parental mental health issues on child development and suggest avenues for personalized treatment programs for families and children at risk.
Morphological and multifractal properties of Cr thin films deposited onto different substrates
Authors: Zelati Amir , Mardani Mohsen , Rezaee Sahar , Matos Robert S. , Pires Marcelo A. , da Fonseca Filho Henrique D. , Das Abhijeet , Hafezi Fatemeh , Rad Ghasem Amraee , Kumar Sanjeev , Ţălu Ştefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, the morphological properties and micro‐roughness of chromium thin film prepared by thermal evaporation technique and confirmed via EDS analysis are examined on different substrates of BK7, Silicon (Si), and glass using atomic force microscope analysis (AFM). Analysis of amplitude parameters, Minkowski functionals, and films' spatial microtexture extracted from AFM analysis showed the difference between glass substrate and the other two (BK7 and Si) substrates for the growth of chromium thin films. In addition, we observed robust signatures of multifractality of the Cr thin films deposited on all substrates we studied. Moreover, we highlight that the Glass substrates displayed the strongest multifractality indicating that such samples present space filling properties distributed over more spatial scales than the samples of BK7 and Si.
Recommendations for diagnosing and managing individuals with glutaric aciduria type 1: Third revision
Authors: Boy Nikolas , Mühlhausen Chris , Maier Esther M. , Ballhausen Diana , Baumgartner Matthias R. , Beblo Skadi , Burgard Peter , Chapman Kimberly A. , Dobbelaere Dries , Heringer‐Seifert Jana , Fleissner Sandra , Grohmann‐Held Karina , Hahn Gabriele , Harting Inga , Hoffmann Georg F. , Jochum Frank , Karall Daniela , Konstantopoulous Vassiliki , Krawinkel Michael B. , Lindner Martin , Märtner E. M. Charlotte , Nuoffer Jean‐Marc , Okun Jürgen G. , Plecko Barbara , Posset Roland , Sahm Katja , Scholl‐Bürgi Sabine , Thimm Eva , Walter Magdalena , Williams Monique , vom Dahl Stephan , Ziagaki Athanasia , Zschocke Johannes , Kölker Stefan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlutaric aciduria type 1 is a rare inherited neurometabolic disorder of lysine metabolism caused by pathogenic gene variations in GCDH (cytogenic location: 19p13.13), resulting in deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) and, consequently, accumulation of glutaric acid, 3‐hydroxyglutaric acid, glutaconic acid and glutarylcarnitine detectable by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (organic acids) and tandem mass spectrometry (acylcarnitines). Depending on residual GCDH activity, biochemical high and low excreting phenotypes have been defined. Most untreated individuals present with acute onset of striatal damage before age 3 (to 6) years, precipitated by infectious diseases, fever or surgery, resulting in irreversible, mostly dystonic movement disorder with limited life expectancy. In some patients, striatal damage develops insidiously. In recent years, the clinical phenotype has been extended by the finding of extrastriatal abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction, preferably in the high excreter group, as well as chronic kidney failure. Newborn screening is the prerequisite for pre‐symptomatic start of metabolic treatment with low lysine diet, carnitine supplementation and intensified emergency treatment during catabolic episodes, which, in combination, have substantially improved neurologic outcome. In contrast, start of treatment after onset of symptoms cannot reverse existing motor dysfunction caused by striatal damage. Dietary treatment can be relaxed after the vulnerable period for striatal damage, that is, age 6 years. However, impact of dietary relaxation on long‐term outcomes is still unclear. This third revision of evidence‐based recommendations aims to re‐evaluate previous recommendations (Boy et al., J Inherit Metab Dis, 2017;40(1):75–101; Kolker et al., J Inherit Metab Dis 2011;34(3):677–694; Kolker et al., J Inherit Metab Dis, 2007;30(1):5–22) and to implement new research findings on the evolving phenotypic diversity as well as the impact of non‐interventional variables and treatment quality on clinical outcomes.
Characterization of cellular phenotypes in neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of male patients with Fabry disease
Authors: Miyajima Takashi , Saito Ryo , Yanagisawa Hiroko , Igarashi Miki , Wu Chen , Iwamoto Takeo , Eto Yoshikatsu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFabry disease (FD) is an X‐linked inherited lysosomal metabolism disorder in which globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulates in various organs resulting from a deficiency in alpha‐galactosidase A. The clinical features of FD include progressive impairments of the renal, cardiac, and peripheral nervous systems. In addition, patients with FD often develop neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as depression and dementia, which are believed to be induced by the cellular injury of cerebrovascular and partially neuronal cells due to Gb3 accumulation. Although the analysis of autopsy brain tissue from patients with FD showed no accumulation of Gb3, abnormal deposits of Gb3 were found in the neurons of several brain areas, including the hippocampus. Therefore, in this study, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patients with FD and differentiated them into neuronal cells to investigate pathological and biological changes in the neurons of FD. Neural stem cells (NSCs) and neurons were successfully differentiated from the iPSCs we generated; however, cellular damage and morphological changes were not found in these cells. Immunostaining revealed no Gb3 accumulation in NSCs and neurons. Transmission electron microscopy did not reveal any zebra body‐like structures or inclusion bodies, which are characteristic of FD. These results indicated that neuronal cells derived from FD‐iPSCs exhibited normal morphology and no Gb3 accumulation. It is likely that more in vivo environment‐like cultures are needed for iPSC‐derived neurons to reproduce disease‐specific features.