bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Miticides Against Corn Spider Mites, 1986, #2
Authors: Buschman L. L. , Sloderbeck P. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in Finney County, KS in a field of flood irrigated corn where the natural mite populations were augmented with twospotted spider mites. Thirteen treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The plots were 4 rows wide × 10 ft, 50 ft long, and surrounded by 10 ft borders of untreated corn. Prior to treatment, 4 plants in each plot were selected from the center 2 rows and flagged. The natural mite population was augmented by attaching leaves infested with twospotted spider mites from a greenhouse colony. Treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer using a 10 ft boom with 3 nozzles directed at each row (1 nozzle directly over the row and 1 on each side of the row on 18 inch drop hoses). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gpa of water with 30 psi of CO2 pressure. The plots were treated on 9 Aug. Spider mite counts were made from the flagged plants by searching every other leaf on each plant for large mites (primarily the adult females). Pretreatment counts were made on 29 Jul and the posttreatment counts were made on 14 Aug. The percentage of twospotted spider mites present in each plot was determined by collecting 20 to 40 mites from the flagged plants in 2 of the replicates with a small vacuum sampler and mounting them for microscopic determination of mite species.
Apple, Evaluation of the Effect of Savey and Pounce on Early Season Mite Populations, 1986
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Cobb L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to mature York trees using single tree plots in a randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Trees were sprayed to runoff using a Bean 35 gal/ min hydraulic sprayer operating at 400 psi. Mites and eggs were counted by randomly selecting 25 leaves/replicate, brushing onto glass plates with a modified Henderson-McBurnie brushing machine and counting all motile forms and viable eggs with a binocular microscope.
Control of Slug in No-Till Corn, 1986
Authors: Goh Kean S. , Specker Donald R. , Gafihey Fred , Grinten Martin van der 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
No-till corn plots were located at Big Flats, NY. The soil is a Williamson silt loam, with a pH of 5.6 and 3.1% organic matter. The previous crop was conventional till 'Aroostook' rye (Secale cereale L.). The crop remained unharvested due to hail damage. The straw residue was left in place providing a very dense mulch. Quackgrass (Agropyron repens L. Beauv.), dandelions (Taraxacum officinale Weber) and miscellaneous broadleaf weeds were present in the field in early spring. On 18 Apr the no-till field was prepared by applying 2,4-D ester plus dicamba at 0.24 lb (AI) and 0.04 lb (AI)/acre respectively. Paraquat (0.5 lb (AI/acre) was applied ten days later. On 14 May a tractor drawn IH Cyclo Air Corn Planter was used to seed 4 rows at 30 inch spacing, 1 to 1.5 inches deep, and with seed drop of 27,400 kernels/acre. Furadan 15G were applied at 1 lb (AI)/acre and fertilizer (10-20-20) at 260 lb/acre at planting. Immediately after planting, metolachlor and atrazine were applied at 2.5 and 2 lb (AI)/acre respectively. The molluscicide treatments were replicated 6 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 20 × 20 ft contained 8 rows of corn, the outer two rows being untreated buffers. In each plot three holes, 4 inch diam × 6 inch deep, diagonally and evenly spaced, were excavated between rows with a golf-hole digger. Each hole was covered with a 1 ft-square asphalt shingle wrapped with aluminum foil. The reflective surface keeps the hole cool and moist, hence providing an ideal hiding place for slugs and serving as an efficient sampling method. Broot 15G was applied at seeding. Magnum plus Escort was applied as a seed treatment by evenly coating seed with Magnum, Escort and water. Mesurol bait was prepared by coating cracked corn with the wettable powder using soft drink as a sticking agent and applied at 20 lb bait/acre. Bait and spray treatments were applied on 30 May when the corn was at the 2-3 leaf stage. Slug damage to the corn plants was obvious. The molluscicidal baits were broadcast evenly by hand over the corn rows. Broot 50W was applied with a mechanical backpack sprayer at 50 gpa of water. On 19 Jun, ammonium nitrate (34-0-0) was sidedressed by hand to give 120 lb of nitrogen per acre. Slug counts were taken by inspecting the holes for live slugs at 2 days pretreatment and at 3, 7 and 14 days posttreatment. Corn damage ratings were taken by inspecting 20 corn plants per plot. Corn stand was evaluated on 20 Jun by taking two 1/1000 acre sample per plot (7.4 foot-row per sample).
Efficacy of Insecticides Against Second Generation European Corn Borer Larvae, 1986
Authors: Higgins R. A. , Blodgett S. , Gibb T. J. , Shufran K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Naturally infested milk stage yellow field corn was treated on 19 Jul. Fourteen insecticides and 2 untreated control plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All plots consisted of 4 contiguous rows, each 10 m in length with 91 cm row spacing. Sprays were applied in water (20 GPA) with a carbon COa powered system held above the canopy on a modified backpack frame. The boom was equipped with 45° nozzles to spray 4 rows. Band spreaders were positioned approximately 5 cm above the whorl and distributed products over a 20 cm band.
Comparison of Three Miticides Appued in Varying Volumes Of Finished Spray Against Twospotted Spider Mite (Tsm) on Corn in West Central Nebraska, 1985
Authors: Johnson Gregory D. , Campbell John B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three adjacent fields of corn (28, 29, and 18 acres) were divided and 0.5 of each was treated aerially with one of 3 miticides, Supracide, Lorsban or Capture, with 0.5 of each treatment applied in 2 gal water and 0.5 applied in 5 gal. Posttassel treatments were applied by a Rockwell Thrush with a 45 ft wingspan. The spray boom was equipped with no. 12 stainless steel tips with a no. 56 core calibrated to deliver 2 or 5 gal water/acre at 25 psi at 105 mph. Spider mite infestations were rated 1 to 6 on a per leaf basis. A rating of 1 = 0 mites, 2 = a few mites, 3 = a few colonies, … 6 = leaf densely covered with mites. Apparent % control was calculated using the formula presented in the table.
Western Bean Cutworm Hand-Applied Treatments, Eckley, Colorado, 1986
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Pilcher Stanley D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 18 Jul with a CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 15.3 gpa through 2 flat fan 8003 nozzles at 30 psi. Plots were two 50-ft rows separated by a single buffer row. They were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of western bean cutworm larvae present in 50 ears per plot. Soil type was a sandy loam. The field had been planted to corn since 1981.
In-Whorl Treatments for Fall Armyworm and Second Brood European Corn Borer in Late-Planted Field Corn, 1986
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Pioneer 3147' corn was planted on 15 Jun and 1 Jul at the Highland Rim Experiment Station, Springfield. Fourteen treatments replicated 4 times were arranged in a randomized complete block design for each planting. Plots were 30 ft × 4 rows with 5 ft alleys between blocks. Rows were spaced 40 inches apart with 45 plants/30 row ft. The 2 middle rows were evaluated for whorl damage. The second row was harvested for ensilage yields. Liquid formulations were applied using 2.5 gal compressed C02 sprayers at 30 psi and 30 gal/acre. Granular insecticides were applied with shaker jars. In the first planting, one insecticide application was made on 16 Jul when 65% of the plants were infested with an average of 1.86 larvae/plant. Ensilage yield was determined on 26 Sep at 49.3% moisture. In the second planting, the first insecticide application was made on 31 Jul when 72% of the plants were infested with an average of 3.76 larvae/plant; the second application was made on 12 Aug. Ensilage yield was determined on 9 Oct at 36.4% moisture. Newly damaged whorls by the fall armyworm were counted one week after each application. European corn borer stalk feeding counts (average number of busal tunnels/45 stalks) were made at harvest. Soil type was Dixon silt loam, 2-5% slope. Total rainfall for the growing season was 8.96 inches.
Corn Earworm Control on Peanuts, North Carolina, 1986
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were evaluated at a location in Chowan Co. on peanuts grown in sandy soil (pH-5.6, organic matter-0.6%) under standard production practices. Plots were 4 rows (30 inch centers) by 20 ft long and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates per treatment. Insecticides were applied using a C02 backpack sprayer delivering 35 gal/acre at 40 psi using 8002 flat fan nozzles. Treatments were applied on 18 Aug under sunny skies and temperatures around 80°F. Two inches of rain fell 24 h prior to treatment, but foliage was dry at the time of application. Peanuts foliage was lush with vines overlapping in row middles. Rain fell 12 h after treatment and continued for 30 h for a total of 3 inches of precipitation. Three row ft of each plot were sampled for caterpillars on 21 Aug using a standard beat cloth technique. Pretreatment counts determined caterpillar populations were greater than 85% corn earworms, and the remainder were fall armyworms, beet armyworms, and yellowstriped armyworms. Most worms were fourth and fifth instar. Foliage was dry during sampling under sunny skies at 89°F.
Twospotted Spider Mite Control on Peanuts, North Carolina, 1986
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Peanuts were grown under standard production practices in sandy soil (pH-5.4, organic matter-0.2%) at a location in Northampton Co. Plots 2 rows wide (36 inch centers) by 20 ft long were arranged in a randomized complete block design with an untreated check in each of the 4 replicates. Treatments were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 35 gal/acre at 40 psi using 8002 flat fan nozzles. The first treatments were applied on 6 Aug under sunny skies and a slight breeze. Pretreatment counts of the motile forms averaged 920 mites/25 leaflets. Twenty-four hr later a 1 inch rain occurred and then from 11-14 Aug continuous rainfall exceeding 5 inches occurred. The plots were retreated on 15 Aug (except Lorsban). Rain began again 12 h later and continued for 2 more days delivering over 2 inches of precipitation. An additional retreatment (except Lorsban) was applied on 21 Aug. Light rain occurred 12 h before the application and 24 h after treatment. Mites were sampled on 18 and 27 Aug by random collection of 25 leaflets/plot. Leaflets were placed in plastic bags and kept cool until processed the following day using a commercially available mite brushing machine.
Control of Soybean Pests in Alabama, 1986
Authors: Herbert D. A. , Schwartz M. A. , Reed T. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Efficacy trials against soybean pests were conducted in a conventionally planted grower’s field in the Black Belt region of west-central AL. The field, located on an alluvial sandy-loam terrace of the Alabama River, was surrounded by fields predominately planted in cotton. Four treatments, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design, were applied as foliar sprays with a COa pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 12 gpa at 40 psi, through 3 TX 6 nozzles per row. Treatments were applied on 15 Sep when soybeans were at the R5 growth stage (pods fully elongated and 1 node with 0.13 inch seed) and when pest populations were high. Plots were 12 rows (30 inch row spacing) × 50 ft in length. Insect population levels were sampled using a standard beat sheet technique. Two 3 ft pretreatment samples were taken per plot as well as four and one 3 ft samples per plot at 3 and 14 days posttreatment, respectively. Larvae were classified as small (instars 1-2), medium (instars 3-4), and large (instars 5 +).
Systemic Insecticides for the Control of Insects on Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1986
Authors: Semtner Paul J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco was transplanted in plots, 40 (24 plants) × 12 ft (3 rows) on 6 May. The test site located was on a sandy loam soil with a pH of 5.8 and 1.9%. Treatment plots were arranged in a randomized, complete block design replicated 4 times. Plots were separated by 5 or 12 ft alleys and there were no border rows between plots. Insect counts and yields were taken for the center rows of each plot. Pretransplant broadcast and band treatments of granular insecticides were applied with a granular applicator mounted on a push-cart. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 30 gal of finished spray/acre through 8004 tips at 30 psi. Treatments were applied and incorporated by double disking on 29 Apr. The band application of Furadan 4F was made in a 12-inch band with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer delivering 10 gallons of finished spray per acre through an 8004E tip at 30 psi. Treatments were applied and incorporated during the bedding operation on 30 Apr. Post-treatment broadcast applications of Pounce were made on 13 May using the same application method used to apply liquid preplant broadcast treatments. Side-dress applications of Temik were made on 27 May with a tractor-mounted Gandy applicator that delivered the granules in 6-inch bands of each side of the row. Granules were incorporated immediately by cultivation. Layby treatments of RH-7988 were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 20 gal of finished spray/acre at 30 psi through 8004E tips on each side of the row and incorporated by last cultivation on 17 Jun. Tobacco flea beetles and the number of feeding holes on the most damaged leaf were counted on 10 plants/plot. Green peach aphid populations were estimated on the upper 4 leaves (at least 6 inches long) for 10 plants/plot. Hornworms and the number of leaves destroyed by hornworms were sampled on 24 plants/plot. Insect counts were made every 1-2 weeks throughout the study. Leaves from each plot were harvested as they ripened and cured for yield and value determinations. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and DMRT multiple range tests. Aphid data were transformed to log10 (X + 1) for analysis, but the actual means were presented in the tables.
Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Insecticides Applied to the Soil and in the Transplant Water, 1985
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , David Reed T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco ‘Coker 319’ was transplanted in 20 ft (12 plants) × 8 ft (2 rows) plots on 2 May. Treatment plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. The test site had a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil with a 5.8 pH and ca. 2% organic matter. Transplant water treatments were applied in 200 gal of solution/acre (116 ml/plant) using a hand-operated transplanter. Temik 15G was applied in a 12 inch band using a Gandy granular applicator mounted on a Honda FourTrax. The granular applicator was also used to broadcast the Furadan treatment. The broadcast and band treatments of Standak were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer operated at 30 psi and incorporated by double disking on 30 Apr. A single 8004E tip was used to apply the band treatment, while the broadcast treatments were applied with a series of 3 8004 tips spaced at 20 inch on a 40 inch boom. Ten and 30 gal of finished spray/acre were used for the band and broadcast applications, respectively. The wind speed on the application date ranged from 2-8 mph and the temperature ranged from 75-82 degrees F. Insect counts were made once every 1-2 weeks from mid-May to mid-August. On the first 3 dates flea beetle feeding holes were counted on 10 plants/plot. Throughout the study, flea beetles and green peach aphids on 4 upper leaves were counted on 10 plants/plot. Tobacco in 1 row was harvested, cured and graded by a USDA Marketing Service grader to determine yield and market price. Aphid data was transformed to Log1() (counts + 1) and hornworm, flea beetle and flea beetle damage data were transformed to the square root (counts + 0.5) before analysis. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and means were compared using DMRT. Actual means of untransformed data are presented in the tables.
Tobacco Flea Beetle Control with Soil Insecticides, 1986
Authors: Southern P. S. , Browne M. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five tests were conducted on commercially grown tobacco to evaluate the effect of systemic insecticides on insect numbers and net return. Only flea beetles were present in large enough numbers for control evaluation prior to scheduled foliar sprays. Plots were 0.025 acre, 4 rows wide and were separated laterally by vacant fifth rows and at the ends by turn alleys of at least 16 ft. Treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block with 3 replications. Spray treatments were made using a tractor mounted sprayer delivering 20-24 gpa at 25 psi through 8004 flat-fan nozzles. Granular materials were broadcast using a tractor mounted Noble� granular application. Applications were made 7, 14, 15, 13, and 5 days prior to transplanting (Tests I-V, respectively). Materials were incorporated by discing and forming beds. Transplant water treatments were made using the farmers’ tractor drawn setters delivering 250, 172, 210, 290 and 350 gpa (Tests I-V, respectively). Soils were Norfolk sandy loam (Tests I and II), Cecil fine sandy loam (Tests III and V) and Aycock very fine sandy loam (Test IV). Soil moisture during the evaluation period was dry to very dry in Tests II-IV and moderate in Tests I and V. Flea beetle holes were counted on 5 plants in each of the middle two rows of each plot from a random start. Data were transformed to × + 0.5 prior to analysis.
Cereal Leaf Beetle Control in Soft Red Winter Wheat, 1986
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Moss Teresa P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling cereal leaf beetle larvae populations in soft red winter wheat. Foliar insecticides were applied on 7 May ‘86 on ‘Saluda’ wheat planted on 18 Oct, ‘85 at the Vernon Delano Farm in Richmond County, VA. Plots were 6 ft by 25 ft with a 5-foot alley between treatments. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Spray concentrates were applied with a CO2-powered compressed air sprayer at 32.8 psi that delivered 32.6 gal of finished formulation per acre. Flat Fan, Tee Jet AL8002, nozzles were utilized. The efficacy of individual treatments was determined 1-, 5-, 7-, 12-, and 16-days after application by inspecting whole plants for the presence of live larvae per 10 culms. Yield estimates were obtained from 20 ft of row collected from the two center rows of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 14% moisture.
Cutworm Control in Creeping Bentgrass, California 1986
Authors: Ali A. D. , Garcia J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The study was conducted in a golf course putting green in Temecula, CA. Experimental design was RCB with 4 replications. Plot size was 100 ft2 Granular formulations were shaken from a glass jar manually over the plots and watered in with 1/4 inch of water. Liquids were applied with a Solo® Knapsack sprayer using a hollow cone nozzle @ 32 psi, and a 6 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Cutworm larval density was estimated by flooding 2 randomly selected 1-yd2 areas per plot for 5 min to force the larvae to the surface. Pretreatment larval density was taken on 22 Aug, after which treatments were applied. Posttreatment counts were taken on 4 Sep.
Southern Mole Cricket Control on Bermudagrass Fairways, North Carolina, 1986
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eight insecticides were evaluated on bermudagrass at Ocean Isle Beach Golf Course, Brunswick Co. Treatments were replicated 4 times and randomly assigned to 10 by 10 ft plots throughout the most heavily infested area of the fairway. Treatments were applied under sunny skies and temperatures of 80-83�F. Liquid treatments were applied with a COj backpack sprayer delivering 35 gal/acre at 40 psi using 8002 flat fan nozzles. Granular treatments were applied using a custom bicycle wheel granular applicator with a Noble metering unit delivering a 12-inch wide band. The unit was hand pulled back and forth across the plots of 12 inch increments to provide uniform and complete coverage. Following application all plots were irrigated with 0.5 inch of water, except for Orthene which was applied after irrigation. Sampling was conducted at 24 h and 8 DAT. Two 0.5 sq m grids were placed within each plot and 2 gal of water containing 2 tablespoons of household dishwashing detergent were applied with a sprinkling can to each area. The area was then observed for 5 min and the number of mole crickets emerging was recorded.
Summer Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in Oakland Mills, Pa, 1986
Authors: Heller P. R. , Kellogg S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticide treatments were applied on 28 Aug for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of annual bluegrass (30%), Kentucky bluegrass (30%), and perennial ryegrass (40%). Treatment plots were arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a C02 sprayer with four 8004VS Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi with a 5 gal/1,000 ft2 spray rate. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker, and they were mixed with a fine grade of calcined clay top dressing (Terragreen) to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temp, 66°F; soil temp, 68°F; % RH, 65; % organic matter, 5.0; amount of thatch, 0.125-1.0 inch; soil type, silt-loam; soil pH, 7.2; water pH, 7.9; % soil moisture, 17.2; amount of posttreatment rainfall, 0.9 inches. Immediately after treatment, each replicate was individually watered-in with 0.5 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made at 28 DAT (25 Sep). Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate and the total number of Japanese beetle grubs per ft2 was recorded. An average of 17.5 Japanese beetle grubs per ft2 was recorded 28 Aug.
Evaluation of Talstar 10Wp for Aphid Control, 1986
Authors: Warkentin D. , Begley J. , Harris M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Vegetative plants were grown single stem in Metro Mix 500 medium and maintained within a closed greenhouse where they were inoculated with aphids from a cultured colony in Apr. There were 3 plants per 6-inch pot, and 3 replicate pots per treatment. A pre-treatment evaluation was made on one shoot per pot, which was tagged and used for subsequent evaluations. Sample shoots were ca. 3-inches in length. One spray was applied to the point of runoff with hand-held mist bottles.