bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locking Plate Alone or in Combination with Cannulated Screws for Hoffa Fractures: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Zhen , Chen Zhenyue , Wang Xiaotan , Li Jingyin , Jing Lizhong , Li Zehui , Cao Xuewei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of distal femur condyle locking plate (DFCLP) alone or in combination with cannulated screws for Hoffa fractures.MethodsIn this study, between May 2014 and February 2019, 13 patients between 26 and 64 years with isolated Hoffa fractures were enrolled during the study period and retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation by DFCLP alone or in combination with cannulated screws followed by early active rehabilitation postoperatively. The primary outcome was evaluated using range of movement (ROM), Knee Society Score (KSS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scoring system, and the fracture healing time of the patients during the 24‐month follow‐up period. Postoperative complications were also used to assess the patients’ conditions.ResultsA total of 13 patients completed the 24‐month follow‐up assessment and achieved bone re‐union at Hoffa fracture sites. The average follow‐up period was 24.5 months (ranging from 24 to 28 months). Six patients were treated by DFCLP in combination with cannulated screws and the remaining seven patients were treated by DFCLP alone. The mean ROM was determined as 119° (ranging from 100° to 130°). The mean KSS score was 87.9 (ranging from 80 to 92 points), with 11 patients evaluated as excellent, two as good, and zero bad cases. The mean IKDC score was 84.2 (ranging from 74.7 to 89.7 points), with 10 evaluated as excellent, three as good, and zero bad cases. The mean IKDC score was 83.3 for patients with medial Hoffa fractures and 84.4 for those with lateral Hoffa fractures. The average time to healing was 3.5 months (ranging from 3 to 4 months), and at month 3, the fracture healing was evident in seven patients (54%), and at month 4, fracture healing was seen in six patients (46%). It is worth mentioning that two patients suffered from knee joint stiffness and osteoarthritis during the 24 months follow‐up. Eleven patients (84.6%) achieved satisfactory knee joint function through early postoperative rehabilitation.ConclusionIn patients with Hoffa fractures, treatment with DFCLP alone or in combination with cannulated screws followed by early active rehabilitation resulted in great stability and satisfactory functional outcomes after 24 months. Our findings may provide surgeons with a new way to treat Hoffa fractures.
Retropharyngeal Reduction Plate for Atlantoaxial Dislocation: A Cadaveric Test and Morphometric Trajectory Analysis
Authors: Li Jian‐yi , Du Yu‐kun , Meng Zhao , Zhao Zheng , Hu Hui‐qiang , Shao Jia‐le , Tang Xiao‐jie , Kong Wei‐qing , Xu Tong‐shuai , Shao Cheng , Zhang Yi‐xin , Xi Yong‐ming 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the placement feasibility and safety of the newly designed retropharyngeal reduction plate by cadaveric test and to perform morphometric trajectory analysis.MethodsThe five cadaveric specimens with intact atlantoaxial joint were enrolled in this study. They were used for simulating the placement process and evaluating the placement feasibility of the retropharyngeal reduction plate. The atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) of five cadaveric specimens were obtained by proper external force after dissecting ligaments. The retropharyngeal reduction plate was placed on atlantoaxial joint of cadaveric specimens. The X‐ray and three‐dimensional (3D) spiral CT were used for evaluating the placement safety of retropharyngeal reduction plate. The DICOM data was obtained after 3D spiral CT scanning for the morphometric trajectory analysis.ResultsThe reduction plates were successfully placed on the atlantoaxial joint of five cadaveric specimens through the retropharyngeal approach, respectively. The X‐ray and 3D spiral CT showed the accurate screw implantation and satisfying plate placement. The length of the left/right atlas screw trajectory (L/RAT) was, respectively, 1.73 ± 0.01 cm (LAT) and 1.71 ± 0.02 cm (RAT). The length of odontoid screw trajectory (OST) was 1.38 ± 0.02 cm. The length of the left/right axis screw trajectory (L/RAXT) was, respectively, 1.67 ± 0.02 cm (LAXT) and 1.67 ± 0.01 cm (RAXT). There was no statistical significance between left side and right side in terms of AT and AXT (P > 0.05). The angles of atlas screw trajectory angle (ASTA), axis screw trajectory angle (AXSTA), and odontoid screw trajectory angle (OSTA) were 38.04° ± 2.03°, 56.92° ± 2.66°, and 34.78° ± 2.87°, respectively.ConclusionThe cadaveric test showed that the retropharyngeal reduction plate is feasible to place on the atlantoaxial joint, which is also a safe treatment choice for atlantoaxial dislocation. The meticulous preoperative planning of screw trajectory based on individual differences was also vital to using this technique.
Inference of photosynthetic capacity parameters from chlorophyll a fluorescence is affected by redox state of PSII reaction centers
Authors: Han Jimei , Gu Lianhong , Wen Jiaming , Sun Ying 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSolar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been used to infer photosynthetic capacity parameters (e.g., the maximum carboxylation rateVcmax, and the maximum electron transport rateJmax). However, the precise mechanism and practical utility of such approach under dynamic environments remain unclear. We used the balance between the light and carbon reactions to derive theoretical equations relating chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) emission and photosynthetic capacity parameters, and formulated testable hypotheses regarding the dynamic relationships between the true total ChlF emitted from PSII (SIFPSII) andVcmaxandJmax. We employed concurrent measurements of gas exchanges and ChlF parameters for 15 species from six biomes to test the formulated hypotheses across species, temperatures, and limitation state of carboxylation. Our results revealed thatSIFPSIIalone is incapable of informing the variations inVcmaxandJmaxacross species, even whenSIFPSIIis determined under the same environmental conditions. In contrast, the product ofSIFPSIIand the fraction of open PSII reactionsqL, which indicates the redox state of PSII, is a strong predictor of bothVcmaxandJmax, although their precise relationships vary somewhat with environmental conditions. Our findings suggest the redox state of PSII strongly influences the relationship betweenSIFPSIIandVcmaxandJmax.
Numerical Study of Platelet Transport in Flowing Blood
Authors: Fiechter Jerome , Ku David N. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Platelet transport in flowing blood is a critical issue in the prediction of thrombus formation. Since available data on platelet aggregation are essentially from experiments, the goal of this work is to investigate numerical solutions for platelet transport and predict the relative influence of convection and diffusion on platelet deposition at the arterial wall. The results obtained for laminar flow in an aneurysm show that both species transport and discrete phase models predict accurately the effects of convective and diffusive mechanisms and match experimental data closely. The species transport model also appears to estimate correctly platelet deposition in turbulent flow through a stenosis.
Load Sharing Between Solid and Fluid Phases in Articular Cartilage
Authors: Mukherjee Nilay , Wayne Jennifer S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Articular cartilage, a connective tissue that helps in lubrication and load distribution in diarthrodial joints, is thought to be biphasic, i.e., it consists of a porous solid phase in which exists a fluid phase that is mostly water (Mow et al., 1980). Unlike most tissues, the fluid phase is thought to play a significant role in the behavior of cartilage under loading and is considered to be one of the factors responsible for the many unique biomechanical and wear resistant properties that the tissue possesses. The current work seeks to quantify the contribution of the fluid phase to the load bearing capability of articular cartilage and determine how that changes from normal to repair articular cartilage.
Accuracy Assessment of Computational Blood Flow Modelling in Realistic Arterial Geometries
Authors: Moore J. A. , Steinman D. A. , Karlik S. J. , Rutt B. K. , Holdsworth D. W. , Ethier C. R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It is now possible to reconstruct patient-specific models of arterial geometries, and to use these models to obtain detailed information about in vivo hemodynamics. Several methods can be used to obtain such patient-specific arterial geometries, including in vivo medical imaging, vascular casting and pressure fixation of vessels. Ideally, any of these methods, when applied to a single artery, would yield the same ‘true’ arterial geometry. The objective of this study was to test this supposition.
Impact Analysis of Whiplash Injuries in Rear-End Collisions
Authors: Yoshida Hiroaki , Miyajima Yoichi , Tsutsumi Sadami 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Neck injury by rear-end collision occurs frequently in automobile accidents, yet its pathomechanical process has not been investigated. We performed impact analysis using finite element model, and a new neck model in rear-end collisions to investigate whiplash injuries in rear-end collisions. Compressive stresses localized in soft tissues, reached its maximum value at 140ms after collision at a speed of 5.7km/h. It is clear that the new neck model in rear-end collision behaves closer to that of human neck than the dummy neck.
The Development of a Finite Element Human Thorax Model
Authors: Wang Kevin H.-C. , Yang King H. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Auto safety has become the second most important issue when making the decision to purchase a vehicle. Unfortunately, research in this field has been greatly hindered by the lack of available tools. Specifically, crash dummies used to design crash energy management and restraint systems are not very human-like. Because testing of cadavers, which is needed to obtain human injury tolerance data, is very expensive to conduct, an alternative is to develop and validate a numerical model for the evaluation of vehicle crashworthiness. The purpose of this study is to develop a finite element model of the 50th percentile male human thorax.
Ionic Polarization in Charged Hydrated Soft Tissues
Authors: Ateshian G. A. , Lai W. M. , Gu W. Y. , Mow V. C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the development of the continuum-based macroscopic theories for charged-hydrated soft tissues (Frank and Grodzinsky, 1987; Lai et al., 1991; Gu et al., 1993, 1998; Huyghe and Janssen, 1997), as well as in the classical physical chemistry theories for electrolyte solutions (Donnan, 1924; Katchalsky and Curran, 1975, Maroudas, 1979) it is assumed that electroneutrality is satisfied at every point in the continuum, i.e., there is no net charge at any point in the material. This assumption signifies that the electric displacement is divergence free, according to Maxwell’s macroscopic equations of classical electromagnetic theory. Some studies of electromagnetic interactions in biological tissues have suggested that, consequently, the electric field should also be divergence free for the electroneutrality condition to be strictly correct (e.g., Friedman, 1986; Hart, 1988). In this abstract we review basic concepts which establish that in general the electric field is not divergence free because of ionic polarization, and we derive a general expression for calculating the equivalent polarization charge using the triphasic theory of Lai et al. (1991).
Effects of Aggregate Modulus Inhomogeneity on Cartilage Compressive Stress-Relaxation Behavior
Authors: Wang C. B. , Mow V. C. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The viscoelastic behaviors of articular cartilage, such as stress-relaxation, depend on its biphasic material properties. These material properties are directly related to the composition and the structure of the tissue [3]. It is known there are four zones within the tissue, i.e. superficial zone, middle zone, deep zone and calcified zone. These zones can be identified, from the articular surface to the subchondral bone, according to the morphological appearances of the chondrocytes and the collagen ultrastructure within its organic matrix. This zonal organization appears to be related to the inhomogeneous biphasic material properties of the tissue.
Warping Template Finite Element Models Into Alignment With Subject Specific Image Data
Authors: Bowden Anton E. , Rabbitt Richard D. , Weiss Jeffrey A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Detailed finite element (FE) models of biological tissues and structures are typically generated from medical image data collected from one individual subject — a process which draws from an array of segmentation and mesh generation tools. The geometric model is augmented with material constitutive properties as well as natural and essential boundary conditions. This is a time consuming process which is exacerbated by the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of biological structures. Even after the model is complete its application is usually limited to a single subject owing to geometric and constitutive variations between individuals. In many cases, however, it is possible to account for geometric variations by deforming the geometry of the detailed FE model to reflect the anatomy of an individual subject. In the present work this alignment is achieved automatically by using medical image data to drive a nonlinear deformation process termed anatomical warping.
In Vitro Measurement of Center of Pressure Changes of Selected Muscles Acting About the Ankle Joint Under Weight-Bearing
Authors: Kim Kyu-Jung , Kitaoka Harold B. , Uchiyama Eiichi , Kaufman Kenton R. , An Kai-Nan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Electromyography (EMG) measurement has been the one of the major sources of information to understand the neuromuscular control of human locomotion, while a limited amount of knowledge is available due to its complicate signal structure. Other measurable parameters may be of little value in extracting the neuromuscular information without having a precise mechanical relationship.
Quantitative Evaluation of an Isometric and a Position Joystick for Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Rao Raghavendra S. , Rahman Tariq , Seliktar Rahamim 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Study of the interaction between individuals with disability and the computer has implications in the design of input devices, such as the mouse and keyboard, and leads to greater knowledge about movement control. The present work evaluated the performance of non-disabled individuals and those with cerebral palsy in the use of a spring-centered position joystick versus a position-control isometric joystick. The subjects acquired differently sized targets at different distances by positioning a cursor on the target. Performance with the position joystick was superior when compared with the performance with the isometric joystick. It was found that due to the high stiffness of the isometric joystick, physiological noise was recorded. This led to uncontrolled movement of the cursor on the screen, which added to the distance traversed by the cursor and increased the time needed to reach the target. With the position joystick, the inertial load due to the displacement of the stick and the elastic action of the spring provides damping of the physiological noise. Movement time was directly proportional to the cursor-target distance, and inversely proportional to the target size. The phase-plane plot and trajectory of the cursor movement revealed the presence of one primary movement that accounts for the peak velocity, and several submovements. Fitts’ paradigm was a good predictor of cursor positioning task for the non-disabled individuals. Subjects chose to move more slowly towards the smaller and closer targets, and they increased speed for larger and more distant targets.
Forced Vibration of a Disk/Spindle System With Hydrodynamic Bearings
Authors: Jintanawan Thitima , Shen I. Y. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper presents forced vibration of a rotating disk/spindle system with hydrodynamic bearings (HDB). The system consists of multiple elastic disks clamped on a rigid spindle, which spins at constant speed and performs infinitesimal rigid-body translation and rocking. The spindle is mounted on a flexible, stationary shaft through radial and thrust HDB’s. In addition, the disk/spindle system is subjected to two types of excitations: concentrated force excitations and base excitations. Moreover, the base excitations consist of an in-plane and an angular component. Equations of motion are derived through Lagrange equations and discretized in terms of spindle rocking, spindle translation, disk eigenmodes, and shaft eigenmodes. Transfer functions and transient response of the system are obtained by using Laplace transform and Green’s functions. As an example, both frequency response functions (FRF) and shock response of a hydro-spindle subject to in-plane and angular base excitations are presented numerically. Typical FRF presents resonances of a half-speed whirl and two pairs of rocking modes. To verify the mathematical model, theoretical predictions of FRF and shock response are compared with experimental measurements. The close agreement of the results validates the mathematical model of the disk/spindle system.
Multiple Defect Analysis of a Sensor Integrated Ball Bearing
Authors: Holm-Hansen Brian T. , Gao Robert X. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of a deep groove, radial ball bearing with a raceway embedded sensor for measuring structural vibration within the bearing. A mechanistic model of the bearing was used to simulate its response to various defect configurations. The simulations demonstrated how multiple defects interact in the frequency domain. It was found that multiple bearing defects could be grouped into families according to their location, and each family has a characteristic vibration spectrum.
Design for Locomotion Interface in a Large Scale Virtual Environment ATLAS: ATR Locomotion Interface for Active Self Motion
Authors: Noma Haruo , Miyasato Tsutomu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on the sense of locomotion, in particular, the sense one feels while walking in a large space. Walking is the most basic way of moving around, and a lot of information can be obtained by doing so, e.g., sensing, hardness, humidity, and so on of the space. The locomotion interface we have developed is named ATLAS (ATR locomotion interface for active self motion). Our design goal was to eliminate the need for a walker to “learn” how to walk and for equipping the walker with obstructive sensors. We employ a treadmill approach for ATLAS. In the initial trial state, ATLAS can estimate the working speed from the walking motion visually, and control the speed of a belt to synthesize the real feeling of walking in a virtual space. First, we describe related works of locomotion interfaces and our design. Next, we show the method utilized for motion analysis and how to control the belt speed. Finally, we conclude with a description of our first trial ATLAS and the experimental results.
Preliminary Tests of an Arm-Grounded Haptic Feedback Device in Telemanipulation
Authors: Turner Michael L. , Gomez Daniel H. , Tremblay Marc R. , Cutkosky Mark R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the use of arm-grounded force feedback applied to an operator’s fingertips while performing telemanipulation tasks with a dexterous robot hand. The forces were applied by a cable-driven feedback device used in conjunction with an instrumented glove. Experiments were conducted to evaluate subjects’ ability to discriminate between objects of different size and stiffness, and to regulate grasp forces. The results indicate that object size discrimination was comparable to using a conventional haptic feedback interface grounded to the environment, though still not as effective as direct human contact. The force regulation indicated that the user could maintain a fairly constant force, but was subject to some system noise. Discrimination of object stiffness was the most difficult task, due to the inherent compliances of the system and yielded a 75% success rate for distinguishing between compliant (150 N/m) and rigid objects.
User Performance in a GUI Pointing Task With a Low-Cost Force-Feedback Computer Mouse
Authors: Hasser Christopher J. , Goldenberg Alex S. , Martin Kenneth M. , Rosenberg Louis B. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Force feedback has been shown to improve user performance in many teleoperation and virtual reality tasks. This paper investigates the ability of a force feedback computer mouse to improve performance in a graphical user interface (GUI) pointing task. Two studies are presented: a pilot study, and a second study with a more refined experimental design. Evaluation is performed using a Fitts’ Law paradigm. Results of the two studies show that the addition of force feedback can improve targeting performance by 61% and decrease targeting errors by 70% for the pointing task examined.
The Virtual Teacher
Authors: Gillespie R. Brent , O’Modhrain M. Sile , Tang Philip , Zaretzky David , Pham Cuong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper introduces the virtual teacher, a device or agent that supplements an environment in order to facilitate acquisition by a human user of a manual skill. Like the virtual fixture, a virtual teacher generally acts as an aide or facilitator to task execution, but unlike the virtual fixture, the virtual teacher is present only during training periods. During eventual task performance the teacher is absent. The virtual teacher’s objective, implicitly understood by the user, is to promote independent mastery over the task. We review and organize common paradigms for the teaching of manual skills in real-world settings and use these as inspiration for the design of virtual teachers. In particular, we are interested in the ways in which a teacher, real or virtual, can demonstrate a strategy or impart a ‘feel’ for a task by guiding movement of the pupil’s hand. A pilot study involving 24 participants was used to test the virtual teacher concept with a simulated crane moving task. The present virtual teacher implementation did not significantly improve learning curves. However, further performance interpretations indicate that the lack of positive effect can be remedied with modifications to the virtual teacher that address component skills and ensure suitability to various initial skill levels.
An Improved Method for Haptic Tracing of a Sculptured Surface
Authors: Johnson David E. , Cohen Elaine 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present an improved method for directly tracing a sculptured surface. This method extends previous work by adding second-order surface information to a closest point tracking algorithm which greatly increases the stability and also improves the accuracy of the algorithm. As part of the derivation of the new method, we examine in detail the system of equations that tracks the closest point on the surface and highlight surface features that can cause problems. We then address these potential problems.