bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Liability Regime for the Transportation of Goods by Drones: Is There a Need for a European Union Initiative?
Authors: Siaud Pierre-Frédéric 
Published: June 2022

The use of civil Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) is becoming more common place, and the application and development of this technology open the door for numerous opportunities, particularly from a commercial perspective. This article first provides an overview of the liability regime applicable in the European Union for the transportation of goods by UAS (otherwise known as drones), or more precisely, emphasises the lack of a liability regime adapted to unmanned aircraft operations within the Single European Sky. Second, an overview of the liability regime for the transportation of goods under the Montreal Convention of 1999 will be studied for its potential applicability to unmanned aircraft operations which will further underscore the lack of any such adaptability of that regime to unmanned aircraft operations. Finally, this article raises the question of whether the creation of a liability regime specially designed for the use of unmanned aircraft in the transportation of goods is needed – one which would take into account all of the specificities related to this advancing technology that cannot be adequately encompassed within the existing regimes governing manned aviation.
Unmanned Aircraft System, Cargo, Liability, European Union
The Competing EU and UK Influence on Corporate Governance in Ireland Following Brexit
Authors: Rogge Ebbe , McGinley Oisin 
Published: June 2022

Company law and corporate governance in the Republic of Ireland have long been heavily influenced by developments in the UK. However, the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union raises the question whether this will continue to be the case. This article examines the historical development as well as the way forward for corporate governance and the position of shareholders in Ireland following Brexit. It is argued that the influence from global trends, such as climate change mitigation, will have a significant impact on corporate governance in both the EU and the UK. However, any changes in corporate governance may occur at a different pace in the UK and EU, where Ireland would be more under the sphere of influence of the EU. As these trends generally set out to decrease any emphasis on short-term shareholder value creation, it is likely to impact the position of shareholders in Ireland as well.
corporate governance, comparative law, shareholder primacy
Evaluating the affect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the viablity of H9C2 cardiomyocytes
Authors: Vu Thi Thu , Pham Thi Bich , Ngo Thi Hai Yen 
Published: June 2022

Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the affect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) concentration on the viability of H9C2 cells under the different cultural conditions.
Methods: H9C2 cells were cultured under normal conditions and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation model. DMSOat the doses of 0,001÷10% (v/v) was added to the cultural medium during normal culture period and reoxygenation period. Cellular viability of the experimental groups was assessed by using CCK-8 kit.
Results: The results indicated that the viability of H9C2 cardiomyocytes was stable in the different culture media supplied with DMSO at the doses of0,001÷0,5% (v/v). Meanwhile, supplementation of DMSO at the doses of1% and 2% significantly decreased the survival rate of H9C2 cells (v/v,p<0,05).
Conclusion: The affect of DMSO on H9C2 cardiomyocytes is dose-dependant maner.
Editorial
Authors: Jinga Viorel 
Published: June 2022

Every day we hear about a new biological mechanism, a new encouraging therapy, a new effective medicine and it seems that we are getting closer to unraveling some mysteries that have been waiting patiently for centuries to be elucidated.
From the discovery of the optical microscope to artificial intelligence, from witch doctors to telemedicine, from penicillin to mRNA vaccines, technology and innovation have had a major impact on improving people's quality of life by reducing human error, improving clinical outcomes, processing data in real time. Recent scientific discoveries and technological advances have improved the ability of specialists to understand the pathogenesis of a disease and have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment. Thus, we can talk today about a more precise, effective, particular medical care known as personalized medicine or precision medicine.
PENYULUHAN ALAT BUKTI GANDA HAK GARAP TANAH KELOMPOK TANI PADA AREAL IZIN PERTAMBANGAN PT. KALTIM PRIMA COAL
Authors: Rusli Akib  
Published: June 2022

Kepemilikan hak garap pada lahan yang sama oleh beberapa Kelompok Tani pada areal ijin pertambangan PT. Kaltim Prima Coal di Desa Swarga Bara, Kecamatan Sangatta Utara, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Kalimantan Timur, memunculkan konflik antar kelompok masyarakat. Permasalahan terjadi karena aparat pejabat (Kepala Desa dan Camat) mengeluarkan surat keterangan tanah hak garap tanpa dasar hukum yang jelas sehingga terjadi tumpang tindih hak atas tanah garapan dan memunculkan alat bukti ganda hak garap atas tanah pada objek/lahan yang sama. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai faktor penyebab alat bukti ganda atas hak garap di atas areal ijin pertambangan PT. Kaltim Prima Coal di Desa Swarga Bara, Kecamatan Sangatta Utara, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Kalimantan Timur. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui bagaimana bentuk penyelesaian sengketa antar sesama pemegang hak garap di atas areal ijin pertambangan PT. Kaltim Prima Coal di Desa Swarga Bara, Kecamatan Sangatta Utara, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Kalimantan Timur agar penyelesaiannya dapat menguntungkan bagi semua pihak yang berselisih. Penulis menggunakan metode library research atau kajian pustaka. Riset kajian kepustakaan ini adalah melakukan penelitian dari buku-buku perpustakaan, majalah, jurnal dan artikel dan sumber dari internet yang relevan dengan masalah yang dibahas. Berikut kajian berdasarkan Undang-Undang RI Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 Tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria atau disingkat dengan sebutan UUPA.
Clinical Manifestation and Characteristics of COVID-19 in Pregnants: A Retrospective, Single-Center Study
Authors: MUTLU YILMAZ Esmeray , KOKSAL Eda , UNVER Gökhan , SERİN Sercan 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: Along with the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women have experienced COVID-19 symptoms of varying severity. Therefore, we aimed to show the clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings for three different trimesters in pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19.
Methods: All hospitalized pregnant women with positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests were included in this study. The severity of the disease was classified using the NIH Classification of Severity of Disease.
Results: None of the 206 participants were vaccinated. The number of asymptomatic or presymptomatic patients, those with mild, moderate, and severe disease, was 73(35.4%), 59(28.6%), 68 (33.1%), and 6 (2.9%), respectively. The gestational age of symptomatic patients was lower than that of asymptomatic patients (29 vs. 37 weeks) (p= 0.001). The incidence of pneumonia increased with the trimester of pregnancy increased (p
Lactobacillus acidophilus Supplementation Restores Gut Epithelial Integrities and Barrier Functions in Non-specific Diarrhea
Authors: ALTAF Hossain Ferdaus Mohd , FARZANA Sumaiya Islam , PARVEZ Khan , EMAN Zahran , MUHAMMAD Atif Shaikh , NAZIM Uddin Md , ALİ Zinnah Kazi Mohammad , IMDAD ULLAH Khan , MASUDUR Rahman Md 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The study was aimed to evaluate the roles of Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation in maintaining intestinal epithelial integrities, tight junction proteins, and adhesion molecules in non-specific diarrhea.
Methods: In this study, we used the pre-weaned BL/6 pups (3 weeks of age, same litters) as a model animal. We supplied the non-sterilized and poor-quality water to experimental pups (n=7) to develop non-specific diarrheic symptoms. Then diarrheic pups were supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) for three consecutive weeks. The control group (n=5) was supplied with sterilized water and no LA. The sampling and analysis were performed on day 0, day 7, day 14, and day 21. The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-a) and tight junction proteins (TJPs) of gut mucosa were determined using qRT-PCR. And the serum cytokines level was screened through sandwich ELISA.
Results: The intestinal cytoskeletal integrity becomes disrupted and characterized by lower ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1, Claudin-5, and JAM mRNA expressions upon real-time qRT-PCR. However, Claudin-4 was found to be not affected and illustrated with a higher expression like control pups. Interestingly, supplementing Lactobacillus acidophilus was found to maintain gut integrity and effectively reduce diarrheic symptoms. Like the control pups, the Lactobacillus acidophilus supplemented pups exhibited a higher expression of gut epithelial TJPs and adhesion molecules. Moreover, the diseased pups produced significantly increased IL-6, and TNF-α production in blood serum, compared to control BL/6 pups.
Conclusion: We concluded that L. acidophilus supplementation might orchestrate the equilibrium of gut health and immunity against non-specific diarrhea.
Floral Differences of Conjunctiva in Patients with Renal Diseases
Authors: ASLAN Lokman , KOCTURK Sumeyra , GÜL Mustafa , ASLANKURT Murat , ALTUNOREN Orcun 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether conjunctival flora is different in patients with chronic renal disease (CR) among its subgroups and healthy subjects.
Methods: A total of 105 adult CR patients; 35 hemodialysis (HD), 35 diabetic hemodialysis (DHD), 35 renal transplantation (RT), and 40 healthy subjects were enrolled. After ophthalmologic examination, a swab was taken from the lower fornix of the right eye using a cotton-tipped applicator and directly sub-cultured on 5% sheep’s blood agar, chocolate agar, and eosin methylene blue agar. Differences in both bacterial growth and flora diversity of the groups were compared.
Results: The order of bacterial growth rates in the groups are RT 65%), DHD (57%), HD (56%), and control (48%). The RT group had a statistically significant difference from the control group (p
US FDA Regulatory Framework for Generic Peptides Referring to rDNA Origin Reference Products
Authors: Chincholkar Ankit , Khobragade Deepak , Pathak Swanand 
Published: June 2022

Peptides are polymeric molecules having 40 or less amino acids. Peptides have been used as therapeutic compounds for the treatment of various disorders since 1920s. Initially, these were isolated from animals. Currently, most of the therapeutic peptides are either synthetic or produced by recombinant DNA technology. Given the continuously improving synthesis technology and availability of robust characterization tools, it is now possible to synthesize a generic therapeutic peptide for a reference product which is of rDNA origin. The manufacturing of synthetic generic peptides is generally considered more advantageous than recombinant generic peptides due to low risk of immunogenicity and absence of host cell derived biomolecules. This article compares the approval process of generic peptides for a reference product of recombinant DNA origin in the United States especially in light of US FDA guideline “ANDAs for certain highly purified synthetic peptide drug products that refer to listed drugs of recombinant DNA Origin”. This guideline provides recommendations for evaluating whether an Abbreviated New Drug Application submission is appropriate for a synthetic peptide referring to previously approved glucagon, liraglutide, nesiritide, teriparatide, and teduglutide of recombinant DNA origin. The requirements for Abbreviated New Drug Application submissions for synthetic generic peptides and 505(b) (2) submissions for generic peptides of recombinant DNA origin are compared.
Isomerization of Asymmetric Ladder‐Type Heteroheptacene‐Based Small‐Molecule Acceptors Improving Molecular Packing: Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with Excellent Fill Factors
Authors: Luo Zhenghui , Liu Tao , Oh Jiyeon , Ma Ruijie , Miao Jinsheng , Ni Fan , Zhang Guangye , Sun Rui , Zhang Cai'e , Chen Zhanxiang , Zou Yang , Min Jie , Yang Changduk , Yan He , Yang Chuluo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMoving one subunit of the central core to the other side in a small‐molecule acceptor (SMA) is an effective approach to achieve the goal of isomerization, which has proven viable to enhance photovoltaic performance. Herein, two isomeric SMAs of ThPy5 and ThPy6 are developed by changing the position of the thiophene unit of the dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrol in IDTP‐4F. The effect of altering the thiophene position on morphological characteristics, macroscopic factors, and device performance is thoroughly investigated among these three isomeric SMAs. Compared to ThPy5, IDTP‐4F and ThPy6 show planar molecular structures and better molecular orientation. Moreover, tighter π–π stacking as well as enhanced electron mobility is observed in ThPy6 relative to IDTP‐4F. PM6:ThPy6‐based organic solar cells (OSCs) achieve the maximum efficiency of 16.11%, along with an excellent fill factor (FF) of 0.789, which are among the best results for A‐D‐A‐type SMA‐based OSCs. The high FF ascribes to the improved molecular packing and charge collection/extraction efficacy and the reduced charge recombination. The structure–morphology–performance relationship drawn from this work can offer better guidance for designing the molecular structure, especially the central cores of SMAs.
Noble‐Metal‐Based Hollow Mesoporous Nanoparticles: Synthesis Strategies and Applications
Authors: Sun Lizhi , Lv Hao , Feng Ji , Guselnikova Olga , Wang Yanzhi , Yamauchi Yusuke , Liu Ben 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs second‐generation mesoporous materials, mesoporous noble metals (NMs) are of significant interest for their wide applications in catalysis, sensing, bioimaging, and biotherapy owing to their structural and metallic features. The introduction of interior hollow cavity into NM‐based mesoporous nanoparticles (MNs), which subtly integrate hierarchical hollow and mesoporous structure into one nanoparticle, produces a new type of hollow MNs (HMNs). Benefiting from their higher active surface, better electron/mass transfer, optimum electronic structure, and nanoconfinement space, NM‐based HMNs exhibit their high efficiency in enhancing catalytic activity and stability and tuning catalytic selectivity. In this review, recent progress in the design, synthesis, and catalytic applications of NM‐based HMNs is summarized, including the findings of the groups. Five main strategies for synthesizing NM‐based HMNs, namely silica‐assisted surfactant‐templated nucleation, surfactant‐templated sequential nucleation, soft “dual”‐template, Kirkendall effect in synergistic template, and galvanic‐replacement‐assisted surfactant template, are described in detail. In addition, the applications in ethanol oxidation electrocatalysis and hydrogenation reactions are discussed to highlight the high activity, enhanced stability, and optimal selectivity of NM‐based HMNs in (electro)catalysis. Finally, the further outlook that may lead the directions of synthesis and applications of NM‐based HMNs is prospected.
Graphene‐Based Intrinsically Stretchable 2D‐Contact Electrodes for Highly Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhou Huanyu , Han Shin Jung , Harit Amit Kumar , Kim Dong Hyun , Kim Dae Yoon , Choi Yong Seok , Kwon Hyeokjun , Kim Kwan‐Nyeong , Go Gyeong‐Tak , Yun Hyung Joong , Hong Byung Hee , Suh Min Chul , Ryu Seung Yoon , Woo Han Young , Lee Tae‐Woo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntrinsically stretchable organic light‐emitting diodes (ISOLEDs) are becoming essential components of wearable electronics. However, the efficiencies of ISOLEDs have been highly inferior compared with their rigid counterparts, which is due to the lack of ideal stretchable electrode materials that can overcome the poor charge injection at 1D metallic nanowire/organic interfaces. Herein, highly efficient ISOLEDs that use graphene‐based 2D‐contact stretchable electrodes (TCSEs) that incorporate a graphene layer on top of embedded metallic nanowires are demonstrated. The graphene layer modifies the work function, promotes charge spreading, and impedes inward diffusion of oxygen and moisture. The work function (WF) of 3.57 eV is achieved by forming a strong interfacial dipole after deposition of a newly designed conjugated polyelectrolyte with crown ether and anionic sulfonate groups on TCSE; this is the lowest value ever reported among ISOLEDs, which overcomes the existing problem of very poor electron injection in ISOLEDs. Subsequent pressure‐controlled lamination yields a highly efficient fluorescent ISOLED with an unprecedently high current efficiency of 20.3 cd A−1, which even exceeds that of an otherwise‐identical rigid counterpart. Lastly, a 3 inch five‐by‐five passive matrix ISOLED is demonstrated using convex stretching. This work can provide a rational protocol for designing intrinsically stretchable high‐efficiency optoelectronic devices with favorable interfacial electronic structures.
Insight into the Stereocontrol of DNA Polymerase‐Catalysed Reaction by Chiral Cobalt Complexes
Authors: Wu Ya , Bu Xinya , Ke Yongqi , Sun Huaming , Li Jingyao , Chen Lu , Cui Wei , He Yujian , Wu Li 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnantiomers of chiral substances typically have distinct biological activities, thus, the explorations of biochemical processes at the enantiomeric level has very high significance. This study investigated DNA polymerase–catalyzed reaction modulated by various types of chiral cobalt complexes. The experimental data showed that polymerase reactions were inhibited or accelerated in the presence of K[Co(edta)] ⋅ 2H2O or [Co(en)3]I3 ⋅ H2O. More importantly, the stereocontrol of bioreactivity was found to be different for the enantiomers, which was reflected in their ability to bind to the polymerase reaction system. The docking simulation illustrated that the acceleration or inhibition of polymerase reaction could be correlated with diverse electrostatic energy induced by the attached metal chelates, whereas the different stereocontrol of bioreactivity for the enantiomers was attributed to a discrepancy of Van der Waals interactions between the enantiomer and polymerase catalytic sites.magnified image
Optimizing Oxygen and Intermediate HOO* Adsorption of Cu–Pd Alloy Cocatalyst for Boosting Photocatalytic H2O2 Production of BiVO4
Authors: Wang Kaiyan , Li Yang , Shi Haiyang , Chen Feng , Wang Ping , Wang Xuefei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe modification of Pd cocatalysts is considered to be an effective strategy to improve H2O2 production of photocatalysts because it can accelerate the reaction rate of O2 reduction. However, the strong adsorption between O2 molecules and Pd atoms is not conducive to the formation of intermediate HOO* and leads to the further reduction of H2O2 to H2O, thus limiting the improvement of H2O2 production. To solve the issue, in this work, Cu–Pd alloy cocatalysts are selectively modified on the electron‐rich facets of BiVO4 via facile photoinduced deposition and subsequent galvanic displacement. DFT calculations indicate that the incorporation of Cu atoms to Pd atoms weakens the oxygen adsorption energy and HOO* binding energy on Pd atom surfaces, thus increasing the activity and selectivity of O2 reduction to H2O2. Further experimental results show that the optimized Cu‐Pd/BiVO4(5:1) photocatalyst exhibits markedly boosted activity for H2O2 production (2189 µmol L‐1), which is 3.2‐fold higher than that of BiVO4 with modification of 0.3 wt% Pd cocatalyst (675 µmol L‐1). Additionally, the incorporation of metal Cu enables the economic utilization of Pd atoms and reduces the expense of the Pd cocatalyst.
Enabling Sustainable Lithium Metal Electrodes via Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Cellulose Nanocrystal Nanomembranes
Authors: Lee Yong‐Hyeok , Seo Ji‐Young , Lee Chang‐Dae , Kim Jung‐Hwan , Kim Sang‐Woo , Youe Won‐Jae , Gwon Jae‐Gyoung , Lee Sang‐Young 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDespite their potential as high‐energy‐density lithium battery electrodes, Li metals are still far from practical use mainly due to their insufficient electrochemical reliability. Here, a cholesteric liquid crystalline (cLC) cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) nanomembrane as a natural material‐based mechanically robust and precisely defined ion channel strategy for sustainable Li metal electrodes is demonstrated. The cLC‐CNC nanomembrane (1 µm) is designed to achieve a self‐assembled ordered nanoporous structure with optimal tortuosity. This well‐defined cLC structure and high mechanical modulus of CNC, which are difficult to attain with traditional synthetic materials, allow facile/uniform Li‐ion flux toward Li metal electrodes, and simultaneously prevent Li dendrite growth and mitigate volume expansion of the Li metal during Li plating/stripping cycling. Driven by these viable roles of the cLC‐CNC nanomembrane, Li metal full cells (consisting of thin Li metal anodes (20 µm) and high‐capacity LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathodes (3.8 mAh cm–2), capacity excess of the Li metal over the NCM811 = 1.0) exhibit high energy density (890 Wh Lcell–1) along with stable cycling retention, which lie far beyond those achievable with previously reported Li protective layers.
Toward Emerging Sodium‐Based Energy Storage Technologies: From Performance to Sustainability
Authors: Xu Zhen , Wang Jing 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs one of the potential alternatives to current lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐based energy storage technologies including sodium batteries and capacitors are widely attracting increasing attention from both industry and academia. However, the performance and sustainability of current sodium‐based energy storage devices mostly rely on various critical materials and traditional energy‐consuming fabrication processes. Meanwhile, the detailed working mechanisms of some sodium‐based energy storage technologies are still under debate. Hence, how to realize low‐cost, sustainable, and high‐performance sodium‐based energy storage technologies remains challenging from the perspective of theoretical studies, material diversification, and device optimization. In this review, the development state of sodium‐based energy storage technologies from research background to principles is comprehensively discussed, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of state‐of‐the‐art sodium‐based energy storage devices are systematically analyzed, thus providing critical insight into the challenges and opportunities for emerging sodium‐based energy storage technologies to achieve not only improved performance, but also enhanced sustainability.
Agricultural bank acquisitions and postacquisition performance: An examination of the role of shared knowledge
Authors: Kim Kevin N. , Katchova Ani L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe US banking sector has consolidated through acquisitions in recent decades, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of lending institutions. Agricultural commercial banks have been preferred target of such acquisitions, representing 15%–40% of all acquisitions between 1994 and 2018. In this study, we examine the postacquisition performance of banks that acquire agricultural banks in terms of profitability, bankruptcy risk, and loan monitoring process between 1994 and 2018. We also test whether the shared knowledge between the acquiring bank and the target bank in terms of geography, product, and culture affect the postacquisition outcomes. While we document improved profitability from agricultural bank acquisitions, the improvement is rather short‐lived without long‐term benefits. Also, we do not find improvement in other performance measures. Also, we find a negative effect of cultural knowledge, highlighting the complex implications of acquisitions. [EconLit Citations: G21, G34, Q1].