bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State estimation of Boolean control networks under stochastic disturbances with random delay in measurements
Authors: Sun Liangjie , Ching Wai‐Ki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the existing literature on state estimation of Boolean control networks (BCNs), it is almost assumed that the measurements are received without delay. However, in practice, measurements are always received with delay. This means that the received measurements may contain information about the previous state of the BCN. We study the optimal state estimation issue of BCNs with stochastic disturbances coming from measurements with random delay in this paper. Two types of random delay in measurements are considered. The first type is that the received measurements with delay or loss, and the probability distribution of the received measurement under different delay values is given. The second type is that the delay process follows a finite‐state Markov chain. For each type of the measurements, a method is put forward to compute the conditional probability distribution vector (CPDV) of the state through some input and output observations. After that, the state of a BCN can be estimated by minimizing the conditional mean squared deviation, where the difference between the estimated value and the real state is measured by the Euclidean distance. Moreover, with the purpose of estimating the state of a large‐scale BCN with stochastic disturbances without too much computational complexity, we transform the large‐scale BCN into a size‐reduced BCN and then obtain the optimal state estimation of the large‐scale BCN by estimating the state of the size‐reduced BCN. Since sampled measurements can sometimes be transformed into the second type of measurements with random delay, the method proposed here is also applicable for estimating the state of a BCN subject to sampled measurements.
Mechanistic Observation of Interactions between Macrophages and Inorganic Particles with Different Densities
Authors: Zhang Chengchen , Tang Jianbo , Xie Wanjie , Allioux Francois‐Marie , Cao Zhenbang , Biazik Joanna M. , Tajik Mohammad , Deng Fei , Li Yi , Abbasi Roozbeh , Baharfar Mahroo , Mousavi Maedehsadat , Esrafilzadeh Dorna , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMany different types of inorganic materials are processed into nano/microparticles for medical utilization. The impact of selected key characteristics of these particles, including size, shape, and surface chemistries, on biological systems, is frequently studied in clinical contexts. However, one of the most important basic characteristics of these particles, their density, is yet to be investigated. When the particles are designed for drug delivery, highly mobile macrophages are the major participants in cellular levels that process them in vivo. As such, it is essential to understand the impact of particles’ densities on the mobility of macrophages. Here, inorganic particles with different densities are applied, and their interactions with macrophages studied. A set of these particles are incubated with the macrophages and the outcomes are explored by optical microscopy. This microscopic view provides the understanding of the mechanistic interactions between particles of different densities and macrophages to conclude that the particles’ density can affect the migratory behaviors of macrophages: the higher the density of particles engulfed inside the macrophages, the less mobile the macrophages become. This work is a strong reminder that the density of particles cannot be neglected when they are designed to be utilized in biological applications.
Exploring the use of blockchain in resource‐constrained fog computing environments
Authors: Sánchez‐de la Rosa Miguel , Núñez‐Gómez Carlos , Caminero M. Blanca , Carrión Carmen 
Published: November 2022

SummaryFog computing has become a complementary technology to cloud computing and addresses some of the cloud computing threats such as the response time and network bandwidth demand. Fog computing successes processing data and storing data near to the edge, and usually is combined with container virtualization to provide hardware isolation. Empowered by these capabilities, numerous Internet of Things (IoT) applications are developed as virtualized instances on resource‐constrained fog nodes such as single‐board computers (SBC). In addition, blockchain has emerged as a key technology that is transforming the way we share information. Blockchain technology represents a decentralised, distributed, and immutable database ledger and is a potential solution for the distributed ecosystem of IoT applications. The distributed structure of blockchain is naturally suitable for IoT applications. However, it introduces new challenges related to CPU overhead or response time. This paper proposes a layered architecture that integrates blockchain technology and OS‐level virtualization technology to develop fog‐based IoT applications. It also provides insights for future deployments through a proof‐of‐concept use case harnessing SBCs, in this case Raspberry Pi, as blockchain‐enabled fog nodes to drive virtualized IoT applications. The study shows that the maximum CPU overhead added by a permissioned blockchain based on Ethereum on the Raspberry Pi is around a 25% under stress situations while the overhead introduced by the sealer process is negligible. These results support the feasibility of using blockchain on resource‐constrained fog nodes for supporting IoT applications.
The trans‐kingdom communication of noncoding RNAs in plant–environment interactions
Authors: Liu Ting , Xu Liu‐Gen , Duan Cheng‐Guo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs conserved regulatory agents, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have an important impact on many aspects of plant life, including growth, development, and environmental response. Noncoding RNAs can travel through not only plasmodesma and phloem but also intercellular barriers to regulate distinct processes. Increasing evidence shows that the intercellular trans‐kingdom transmission of ncRNAs is able to modulate many important interactions between plants and other organisms, such as plant response to pathogen attack, the symbiosis between legume plants and rhizobia and the interactions with parasitic plants. In these interactions, plant ncRNAs are believed to be sorted into extracellular vesicles (EVs) or other nonvesicular vehicles to pass through cell barriers and trigger trans‐kingdom RNA interference (RNAi) in recipient cells from different species. There is evidence that the features of extracellular RNAs and associated RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) play a role in defining the RNAs to retain in cell or secrete outside cells. Despite the few reports about RNA secretion pathway in plants, the export of extracellular ncRNAs is orchestrated by a series of pathways in plants. The identification and functional analysis of mobile small RNAs (sRNAs) are attracting increasing attention in recent years. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the function, sorting, transport, and regulation of plant extracellular ncRNAs.
Angle-Tuned Coil: A Focality-Adjustable Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator
Authors: Meng Qinglei , Bagherzadeh Hedyeh , Hong Elliot , Yang Yihong , Lu Hanbing , Choa Fow-Sen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractConventional transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coils are limited by the depth-focality tradeoff rule. To better utilize this depth-focality tradeoff rule, a new approach needs to be employed. In this study, a new multi-layer winding-tilted TMS coil design is proposed for human brain stimulation. It can deliver stimulation with better depth-focality characteristic than the double cone coils to deep brain regions. In our design, circular coils were accumulated along their central axis to improve the field decay rate as a function of the stimulation depth. We also tilted the winding angle of the coils to break the ring-shaped symmetry of the electric field distribution and accomplish the focality. New curves were plotted in the depth-focality tradeoff profile for our coil design, which intersected with the figure-8 coil curve. The new curves break the depth-focality tradeoff, and our coil design presents better focality than the H coils and circular coils, deeper stimulation depth than figure-8 coils, and the capability for multisite brain stimulation due to its unique structure and the limited contact area with the human head surface, which cannot be accomplished with the double cone coils.
Computational Tool Comprising Visible Human Project® Based Anatomical Female CAD Model and Ansys HFSS/Mechanical® FEM Software for Temperature Rise Prediction Near an Orthopedic Femoral Nail Implant During a 1.5 T MRI Scan
Authors: Noetscher Gregory , Serano Peter , Nazarian Ara , Makarov Sergey 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis medical device development tool (MDDT) is categorized as a non-clinical assessment model (NAM). This MDDT is a computational modeling and simulation tool. It can predict heating of metallic orthopedic implants with the radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coils while targeting a mid-aged and elderly female population primarily affected by osteoporosis and the associated bone fracture.This MDDT uses a high resolution anatomical female CAD (computer aided design) model coupled with the proven multiphysics finite element method (FEM) software (Ansys Workbench) to simulate the complete MRI environment. The environment is consisting of a tuned MRI coil with the given output power, detailed heterogeneous human model within the coil at the given landmark and a properly embedded metallic implant within the anatomical model to compute the extent of heating generated around the implant.Specifically, this MDDT is the in silico analog of an MRI scan for an elderly female subject with a metallic orthopedic implant at 1.5 T in a full-body birdcage RF coil.
Comparative Analysis of Policy Developments
Authors: Bharadwaj Ashish , Devaiah Vishwas H. , Gupta Indranath 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe regulatory mechanisms and public policies governing licensing of Standard Essential Patents (SEPs) are constantly adapting to the needs of the high-tech industry and evolving jurisprudence. This chapter focuses on policy changes in five jurisdictions—the United States of America (USA), the European Union, China, Japan and India. We outline areas of policy convergence and divergence in global standard setting and SEP licensing among them. Policymakers and technology specialists in each jurisdiction have a certain vision of improving the current framework governing standardization and SEP licensing in the interest of multiple stakeholders.
Generalized spectral form factors and the statistics of heavy operators
Authors: Belin Alexandre , de Boer Jan , Nayak Pranjal , Sonner Julian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The spectral form factor is a powerful probe of quantum chaos that diagnoses the statistics of energy levels, but is blind to other features of a theory such as matrix elements of operators or OPE coefficients in conformal field theories. In this paper, we introduce generalized spectral form factors: new probes of quantum chaos sensitive to the dynamical data of a theory. These quantities can be studied using random matrix theory and an effective theory of quantum chaos. We focus our attention on a particular combination of heavy-heavy-heavy OPE coefficients that generalizes the genus-2 partition function of two-dimensional CFTs, for which we define a form factor. Assuming that random matrix theory applies to chaotic CFTs, we probe heavy-heavy-heavy OPE coefficients and find statistical correlations that agree with the OPE Randomness Hypothesis: these coefficients have a random tensor component. The EFT of quantum chaos predicts that the genus-2 form factor displays a ramp and a plateau. Our results suggest that this is a common property of generalized spectral form factors.
Color appearance in rotational material jetting
Authors: Golhin Ali Payami , Sole Aditya Suneel , Strandlie Are 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMaterial jetting (MJT) is a recognized additive manufacturing (AM) method to combine various materials and create a wide range of designed appearances. However, the measured color of MJT objects is frequently different from the color provided in the printer software. As a result, estimating the color quality and the measured color attributes of an object before printing is vital for accurate color reproduction. This study investigates the color variation based on the texture in an object 3D-printed using the MJT method on a rotary tray. The novel radial shape of the rotary tray build platform and variation in the layers structure were targeted as the main factors that can increase the uncertainty in accurate color reproduction. The influence of the PolyJet printer setup has been examined by thickness variation of the colored layers, location on the tray (swath selection), ink color, and finish type between layers. Color quality was assessed by comparing the produced object color by calculating spectral and colorimetric differences. Spearman rank correlation coefficient and principal component analysis (PCA) methods were used to analyze the direct or indirect influence of independent categorical factors on the measured color variables. Based on the studied parameters, switching swathes did not fail printer objects for industrial color matching. In contrast, a thickness variation as small as 0.5 mm could cause CIEDE2000 above 5 for most models, resulting in unnatural color reproduction. Color differences in most objects might be discernible to inexperienced observers, depending on the 3D printing parameters.
Levosimendan increases the phosphorylation state of phospholamban in the isolated human atrium
Authors: Abella Lina Maria Rayo , Hoffmann Robert , Neumann Joachim , Hofmann Britt , Gergs Ulrich 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Levosimendan (up to 10 µM) given alone failed to increase force of contraction in isolated electrically stimulated (1 Hz) left atrial (LA) preparations from wild-type mice. Only in the additional presence of 0.1 µM rolipram, an inhibitor of the activity of phosphodiesterase IV, levosimendan increased force of contraction in LA and increased the phosphorylation state of phospholamban at amino acid serine 16. Levosimendan alone increased the beating rate in isolated spontaneously beating right atrial preparations from mice and this effect was potentiated by rolipram. The positive inotropic and the positive chronotropic effects of levosimendan in mouse atrial preparations were attenuated by 10 µM propranolol. Finally, we studied the contractile effects of levosimendan in isolated electrically stimulated (1 Hz) right atrial preparations from the human atrium (HAP), obtained during cardiac surgery. We detected concentration-dependent positive inotropic effects of levosimendan alone that reached plateau at 1 µM levosimendan in HAP (n = 11). Levosimendan shortened time of tension relaxation in HAP. Cilostamide (1 µM), an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase III, or propranolol (10 µM) blocked the positive inotropic effect of levosimendan in HAP. Levosimendan (1 µM) alone increased in HAP the phosphorylation state of phospholamban. In conclusion, we present evidence that levosimendan acts via phosphodiesterase III inhibition in the human atrium leading to phospholamban phosphorylation and thus explaining the positive inotropic effects of levosimendan in HAP.
Digitale Lehre 2020: Online-Unterricht erhält bessere Bewertung als Präsenzunterricht
Authors: Gniesmer Stefanie , Grisanti Swaantje , Kakkassery Vinodh , Lommatzsch Claudia , Lüke Julia , Lüke Matthias , Müller Maya , Neppert Birte , Ranjbar Mahdy , Grisanti Salvatore , Mohi Armin 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie war im Sommersemester 2020 Präsenzlehre nicht mehr erlaubt, und es mussten schnell online Alternativen gefunden werden.

Ziel
In unserem Artikel erläutern wir die Umstellung von Präsenz- auf Online-Lehre in der Augenheilkunde der Universität zu Lübeck und vergleichen die Online-Lehre mit der Präsenzlehre.

Methoden
Die zentrale Lehrevaluation erfolgt in jedem Semester mit einem standardisierten Fragenkatalog. Anhand der Auswertung dieser Fragen führten wir einen direkten Vergleich des Präsenzsemesters Wintersemester 2019/2020 mit dem Online-Semester Sommersemester 2020 durch.

Ergebnisse
Die Struktur (p = 0,003), die Organisation (p = 0,001), die zur Verfügung gestellten Ressourcen (p = 0,034), der Besuch der Vorlesung (p < 0,001) und der weiteren Termine (p = 0,041), der Interessen- (p = 0,039) und Lernzuwachs (p = 0,001) wurden im Online-Semester besser bewertet als im Präsenzsemester. Insgesamt erhielt unser digitales Sommersemester 2020 (p < 0,01) eine signifikant bessere Gesamtnote als das Präsenzsemester im Winter 2019/20.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Struktur unserer Lehrveranstaltungen hat sich auch online bewährt. Theoretische Inhalte konnten hervorragend vermittelt werden. Jedoch sind online keine praktischen Übungen möglich. Für das Erlernen von praktischen Fähigkeiten ist weiterhin Präsenzunterricht nötig.
A homozygous AP3D1 missense variant in patients with sensorineural hearing loss as the leading manifestation
Authors: Frohne Alexandra , Koenighofer Martin , Cetin Hakan , Nieratschker Michael , Liu David T. , Laccone Franco , Neesen Juergen , Nemec Stefan F. , Schwarz-Nemec Ursula , Schoefer Christian , Avraham Karen B. , Frei Klemens , Grabmeier-Pfistershammer Katharina , Kratzer Bernhard , Schmetterer Klaus , Pickl Winfried F. , Parzefall Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLoss-of-function variants in AP3D1 have been linked to Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) 10, a severe multisystem disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism, immunodeficiency, neurodevelopmental delay, hearing loss (HL), and neurological abnormalities, fatal in early childhood. Here, we report a consanguineous family who presented with presumably isolated autosomal recessive (AR) HL. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on all core family members, and selected patients were screened using array-based copy-number analysis and karyotyping. Candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing and assessed in silico. A homozygous, likely pathogenic p.V711I missense variant in AP3D1 segregated with the HL. The family was characterized by thorough medical and laboratory examination. The HL was consistent across patients and accompanied by neurological manifestations in two brothers. The sole female patient was diagnosed with premature ovarian failure. Further findings, including mild neutropenia and reduced NK-cell cytotoxicity in some as well as brain alterations in all homozygous patients, were reminiscent of HPS10, though milder and lacking the characteristic albinism. Previously unrecognized, milder, isolated HL was identified in all heterozygous carriers. A protein model indicates that the variant interferes with protein–protein interactions. These results suggest that a missense variant alters inner-ear-specific functions leading to HL with mild HPS10-like symptoms of variable penetrance. Milder HL in heterozygous carriers may point towards semi-dominant inheritance of this trait. Since all previously reported HPS10 cases were pediatric, it is unknown whether the observed primary ovarian insufficiency recapitulates the subfertility in Ap3d1-deficient mice.
Ecological treatment of El Kriymat boiler ash for recovering vanadium, nickel and zinc from sulfate leach liquor
Authors: Khalafalla Mahmoud S. , Abdellah W. M. , Khoziem H. A. Abu , Abd El-Hamid Abd Allh M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe primary goal of this work is to develop a technology that allows for the recovery of metal values from waste products, thereby promoting the wise and efficient use of our nation's resources. To achieve this goal, an industrial waste of El Kriymat boiler fly Ash was used for recovering its content of vanadium, nickel and zinc. About 97, 95 and 99% respectively of these economic elements were first dissolved from boiler fly ash magnetic concentrate (after physical concentration). Leaching experiments using optimum conditions include: 180 g/L sulfuric acid concentration and 4% solid/solid proportion manganese dioxide acts as an oxidant at 80 °C. The recovery of vanadium (V) metal ions was carried out using 3% Alamine 336 in kerosene at an equilibrium pH value of 0.9. Subsequently, 15% sodium sulfide solution was used for co-precipitation of nickel and zinc metal ions in the raffinate solution at pH value of 3.5.

Graphical Abstract
A price-based life cycle impact assessment method to quantify the reduced accessibility to mineral resources value
Authors: Ardente Fulvio , Beylot Antoine , Zampori Luca 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Several methods were developed to quantify the damage to mineral resources in LCA. Building on these and further expanding the concept of how to assess mineral resources in LCA, the authors developed in previous articles a method to account for dissipative resource flows in life cycle inventory (LCI). This article presents a price-based life cycle impact assessment method to quantify the potential impact of dissipative uses of resources.

Methods
This article firstly defines an impact pathway from resource use to resource dissipation and subsequent damage to the safeguard subject for “mineral resources”. It explores the quantification of this damage through the definition of characterization factors (CFs), for application to dissipative flows reported in LCI datasets. Market prices are used as a relevant proxy for the multiple, complex and varied functions and values held by mineral resources. Price data are collected considering a 50-year timeframe. Intervals of 10, 15, 20 and 30 years are considered for sensitivity analysis. Price-based CFs are tested on one cradle-to-gate case-study (copper production), in combination with accounted resources dissipated across the life-cycle. An approach to calculate the normalization factor (NF) is explored at the EU level.

Results and discussion
CFs are calculated for 66 mineral resources, considering copper as reference substance. Precious and specialty metals have the largest CFs. Minerals are instead ranked at the bottom of the hierarchy. New insights that this method brings in LCA are discussed for the copper production case-study. Losses due to final disposal of tailings are key (90% of total value loss), as opposed to e.g. emissions to environment. Relevance, robustness, completeness and consistency of the price-based CFs are discussed. This method in particular offers a relatively large coverage of elementary flows, with underlying data of good quality. Sensitivity of CFs to the chosen time interval is relatively limited. Initial analysis for a NF based on 14 key resources dissipated in the EU in 2016 is presented.

Conclusions
The developed CFs are relevant to address the issue of mineral resources value loss in LCA. They may be used in combination with dissipation-based methods at the LCI level, as tested in this study, or potentially (i) with classical extraction-based LCI datasets or (ii) as potential complements to existing life cycle impact assessment methods not capturing damage to resource value. Future refinements shall aim at extension to additional mineral resources and investigate the possibility of regionalisation of CFs and NF calculation.
Operator ranges and endomorphisms with a prescribed behaviour on Banach spaces
Authors: Jiménez-Sevilla Mar , Lajara Sebastián 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe obtain several extensions of a theorem of Shevchik which asserts that if R is a proper dense operator range in a separable Banach space E, then there exists a compact, one-to-one and dense-range operator $$T:E\rightarrow E$$

T
:
E
→
E

such that $$T(E)\cap R = \{0\}$$

T
(
E
)
∩
R
=
{
0
}

, and some results of Chalendar and Partington concerning the existence of compact, one-to-one and dense-range endomorphisms on a separable Banach space E which leave invariant a given closed subspace $$Y\subset E$$

Y
⊂
E

, or more generally, a countable increasing chain of closed subspaces of E.