bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for obesity and overweight in Chinese children: a nationwide survey
Authors: Chen JingNan , Jin Lu , Wang FengLei , Huang Ke , Wu Wei , Chen RuiMin , Maimaiti Mireguli , Chen ShaoKe , Cao BingYan , Zhu Min , Wang ChunLin , Su Zhe , Liang Yan , Yao Hui , Wei HaiYan , Zheng RongXiu , Du HongWei , Luo FeiHong , Li Pin , Yu YunXian , Wang Ergang , Dorazio Robert M. , Fu Junfen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze a comprehensive set of potential risk factors for obesity and overweight among Chinese children with a full range of ages and with wide geographical coverage.MethodsIn the Prevalence and Risk Factors for Obesity and Diabetes in Youth (PRODY) study (2017‐2019), the authors analyzed 193,997 children aged 3 to 18 years from 11 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities that are geographically representative of China. All participants underwent physical examinations, and their caregivers completed questionnaires including dietary, lifestyle, familial, and perinatal information of participants. A multilevel multinomial logistic regression model was used to evaluate the potential risk factors.ResultsAmong the actionable risk factors that were measured, higher consumption frequencies of animal offal (odds ratios [OR] for an additional time/day = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88‐0.95, same unit for OR below unless specified otherwise), dairy products (0.91, 95% CI: 0.88‐0.94), freshwater products (0.94, 95% CI: 0.91‐0.96), staple foods (0.94, 95% CI: 0.92‐0.96), and coarse food grain (OR for every day vs. rarely = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86‐0.98) were associated with lower relative risk of obesity. However, higher restaurant‐eating frequency (OR for >4 times/month vs. rarely = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.15‐1.29) and longer screen‐viewing duration (OR for >2 hours vs. <30 minutes = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.10‐1.22) were associated with higher relative risk of obesity. Increased exercise frequency was associated with the lowest relative risk of obesity (OR for every day vs. rarely = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.68‐0.77).ConclusionsChanges in lifestyle and diet of Chinese children may help relieve their obesity burden.
An experimental game to examine pastoralists' preferences for human–lion coexistence strategies
Authors: Sargent Rebecca , Rakotonarivo O. Sarobidy , Rushton Stephen P. , Cascio BenJee , Grau Ana , Bell Andrew R. , Bunnefeld Nils , Dickman Amy , Pfeifer Marion 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Reconciling conflicts between wildlife conservation and other human activities is a pervasive, multifaceted issue. Large carnivores, such as the African lion Panthera leo are often the focus of such conflicts as they have significant ecological and cultural value but impose severe social and financial costs on the communities that live alongside them.

To effectively manage human–lion conflict, it is vital to understand stakeholder decision‐making and preferences regarding mitigation techniques and coexistence strategies.

We used a novel experimental game framed around lions and livestock protection, played across eight villages in Tanzania, to examine stakeholder behaviour in response to three incentive structures: support for non‐lethal scaring, and individual‐ and community‐level subsidies for provision of wildlife habitat.

We found that non‐lethal deterrent methods were the preferred mitigation strategy and that individual subsidies most increased the provision of wildlife habitat. Subsidies that were conditional on other community members' decisions were less effective at increasing habitat choices. Player characteristics and attitudes appeared to have little influence on game behaviour. However, there was some evidence that gender, wealth, perceptions of respect, and the behaviour of other players affected decision‐making.

Achieving success in managing conservation conflicts requires genuine stakeholder participation leading to mutually beneficial results. Our findings suggest that, while incentive‐based instruments can promote pro‐conservation behaviour, these may be more effective when targeted at individuals rather than groups. We demonstrate how experimental games offer a practical and engaging approach that can be used to explore preferences and encourage discussion of conflict management.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and postprandial hypoglycemia of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Ochi Shinichiro , Sano Noboru , Iga Jun‐ichi , Ueno Shu‐ichi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHypoglycemia is not rare in anorexia nervosa (AN). Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is characterized by extensive akinesis of the apical region with hypercontraction of the basal segment of the ventricle in the absence of coronary artery disease. Its mechanism is not fully understood, but hypoglycemia is considered one of the physical factors. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is a rare disease characterized by multiple gaseous cysts in the intestinal wall. PCI sometimes causes an absorption defect. The case of a 48‐year‐old woman with AN with PCI and TCM that developed after a postprandial hypoglycemic coma is reported. When the patient was admitted to our hospital, her abdominal X‐ray showed a confluent image of grapes, and computed tomography showed gaseous cysts in the intestinal wall from the ascending colon to the transverse colon. PCI was then diagnosed. About 7 days after admission, she developed hypoglycemic coma. However, she recovered from the coma and on the next day she became suddenly hypotensive, with the electrocardiogram showing T‐wave inversion. Echocardiography then showed akinesis around the apex and hypercontraction of the basal segments, and TCM was diagnosed. Severe AN with PCI may cause more severe hypoglycemia, resulting in TCM.
Return to sport in elite gymnastics: Unprecedented training interruptions provide lessons for the future
Authors: Casey Ellen , Bonanno Joseph , Cheng Jennifer , Abutalib Zafir , Kranz Kimberly , Kruse David , Thomas Cheryl , Faustin Marcia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionYear‐round training is standard for elite gymnasts in the United States, but the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic led to unprecedented training interruptions. The effect of these training disruptions is unknown.ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe and compare training interruptions in elite gymnasts before and during the pandemic, the time it took to return to the prior level of gymnastics training, the development of injuries during return to gymnastics training, and gymnast‐reported difficulty in and nervousness about returning to prior level of gymnastics training.DesignRetrospective study.SettingAnonymous online surveys distributed to elite gymnasts in the United States.ParticipantsA total of 184 current elite gymnasts who completed the surveys were included. This represented an overall response rate of 52.3% (184/352).InterventionsNone.Main Outcome MeasuresInformation was collected about training interruptions and time, nervousness, difficulty, and injury during return to gymnastics.ResultsGymnasts reported significantly longer training interruptions due to COVID‐19 than before the pandemic (8.7 ± 4.4 vs. 4.4 ± 7.9 weeks, p < .001), but duration of return to prior gymnastics level was similar (4.6 ± 2.7 vs. 3.7 ± 4.8 weeks, p = .106). Of the 137 gymnasts who had returned to training by the time of the survey, 46 (33.6%) reported an injury during their return to gymnastics. A high degree of nervousness to return to gymnastics was significantly associated with greater risks of injury upon return (risk ratio [RR] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6–4.7; p < .001) and difficulty returning to prior level (RR 3.4, 95% CI: 1.7–6.6; p < .001).ConclusionPandemic‐related training interruption was significantly greater in duration than prior interruptions, but time required for return to gymnastics was similar. Gymnasts may be at increased risk of injury during return to gymnastics if experiencing nervousness about returning following a break in training. These findings provide guidance for gymnasts' return from training interruptions and may refute the long‐held belief that gymnasts should not take time away from training due to fear of injury or difficulty regaining skills.
Factors influencing engagement in hospital‐based exercise oncology programs: A narrative review
Authors: Dunston Emily R. , Mulibea Pendeza B. , Chipman Jonathan , Zickmund Susan , Oza Sonal , Zingg Rebecca W. , Hansen Pamela A. , Coletta Adriana M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAmong cancer survivors, there are numerous health benefits of exercise engagement; however, less than 15% of survivors meet current aerobic and strength physical activity guidelines. Exercise programs provided by a cancer hospital are commonly noted as a facilitator and preference to exercise engagement. The study aimed to review the evidence and describe the barriers, facilitators, preferences, and factors associated with cancer survivors' engagement in hospital‐based exercise oncology programs. Electronic databases (PubMed and Scopus) were searched to identify relevant papers published before July 1, 2021. Original research papers reporting on barriers, facilitators, preferences, or factors associated with participation in hospital‐based exercise oncology programs were included. A total of 300 potentially relevant articles were identified, of which 10 met eligibility criteria. Barriers to participation in hospital‐based exercise oncology programs included program accessibility, treatment‐related side effects, and uncertainty about exercise. Program individualization, peer support, and staff support were reported as facilitators. Survivors also expressed that they preferred flexibility in the time, location, and mode of exercise programming. Baseline quality of life, fitness, and marital status were all identified as potential factors associated with engagement in hospital‐based exercise oncology programs. These findings are useful for the development and implementation of hospital‐based exercise oncology programs to optimize exercise program engagement.
Artificial intelligence–guided precision treatment of chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorder
Authors: Gaweda Adam E. , Lederer Eleanor D. , Brier Michael E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD)–mineral bone disorder (MBD) is a complex clinical syndrome that begins early during CKD and evolves into one of the deadliest complications of CKD through its effects on the cardiovascular and skeletal systems. Achievement of treatment goals to decrease the risk of accelerated cardiovascular events and fractures has been challenging. We hypothesized that application of quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) modeling combined with artificial intelligence techniques could improve the management of CKD–MBD with the goal of improving outcomes for patients with CKD. We present the implementation of a reinforcement learning (RL) approach to achieve the prescribed goals for serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone through concurrent dosing of phosphate binders, vitamin D analogs, and calcimimetics by simulation in 80 subjects in Matlab. In silico simulation results demonstrate that the application of a QSP model coupled with RL more effectively and quickly achieves treatment goals even in the setting of inferior simulated subject compliance with medical therapy and identifies key decision variables for therapeutic recommendations.
The numerical simulation of standard concrete tests and steel reinforcement using force flux peridynamics
Authors: Olsson Jens , Ander Mats , Williams Chris J. K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPeridynamics is a numerical particle‐based solid mechanics method that enables the simulation of brittle and quasi‐brittle materials, as well as ductile materials. It allows cracking to appear spontaneously in the arms joining the particles and can therefore be used to simulate progressive fracture. In this article, we apply our version of peridynamics, which we call force flux peridynamics, to the simulation of concrete where the appearance of cracks plays an important role in the global mechanical properties. It is not difficult to modify the material parameters in peridynamics to achieve a given tensile strength or a given compressive strength. However, it is much more difficult to choose parameters which will model all the strength parameters of a material within the same model. When concrete fails in compression it may split or spall showing a complex relationship between compressive and tensile failure. We therefore set ourselves the simple task of producing a single peridynamics model which can predict the stiffness and strength behavior of concrete in standard compression and tension tests for which we chose the American Society for Testing and Materials standards for the cylinder compression test, the split cylinder test, and the modulus of rupture test. A parameter sensitivity study was performed based on the cylinder compression test to tune the key peridynamics parameters that determine the global material behavior. The compressive and tensile strengths were then determined from the combined simulation data. While the fracture modes, crack branching pattern and also the stress–strain curve show promising results, the maximum tensile strength was found to be significantly larger than physical experiments suggest. This is probably due to imperfections within real concrete at the interface between aggregate particles and cement paste and it shows that the detailed numerical modeling of the failure of concrete is highly complex with a large number of unknown material parameters.
Development of a wind power ramp forecasting system via meteorological pattern analysis
Authors: Okada Maki , Yamaguchi Koji , Kodama Ryo , Ogasawara Norimitsu , Kato Hisashi , Doan Van Quang , Ishizaki Noriko N. , Kusaka Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRamp phenomena caused by abrupt changes in wind speed may confound the stable operation of correlated electrical power supply systems, yet accurate numerical predictions are challenging, as the wind is affected by complex interactions between large‐scale weather patterns and local geographical conditions. Further, optimal numerical weather prediction (NWP) methods and physics schemes vary as a function of weather patterns. The present study proposed a new real‐time wind power ramp forecast framework based on the flexible selection of optimal NWP models, which were derived via principal component analysis (PCA). The novelty of this analysis lies in that statistical methods were employed for NWP optimization, compared with their more conventional use during an NWP postprocessing. Here, a weather pattern was classified by PCA using outcomes from the global‐scale prediction models, and the optimum regional NWP system settings were acquired according to the weather patterns for further wind field dynamical downscaling. The performance of the developed prediction system was verified with wind power at wind turbine hub‐heights for three areas in eastern Japan, and the Critical Success Index (CSI) indicated an improvement of prediction accuracy over benchmark predictions by ≤0.184 for ramp‐up events and ≤0.127 for ramp‐down events (both observed in Tohoku area). Higher CSI values were consistently seen in three wind farm areas, indicative of the improvement in detection probability for actual ramp events compared with benchmark.
Efficient Location-Based Tracking for IoT Devices Using Compressive Sensing and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Aboushelbaya Ramy , Aguacil Taimir , Huang Qiuting , Norreys Peter A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, a scheme based on compressive sensing (CS) for the sparse reconstruction of down-sampled location data is presented for the first time. The underlying sparsity properties of the location data are explored and two algorithms based on LASSO regression and neural networks are shown to be able to efficiently reconstruct paths with only ∼20% sampling of the GPS receiver. An implementation for iOS devices is discussed and results from it are shown as proof of concept of the applicability of CS in location-based tracking for Internet of Things (IoT) devices.
On the Design of a New Stochastic Meta-Heuristic for Derivative-Free Optimization
Authors: Cruz N. C. , Redondo Juana L. , Ortigosa E. M. , Ortigosa P. M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOptimization problems are frequent in several fields, such as the different branches of Engineering. In some cases, the objective function exposes mathematically exploitable properties to find exact solutions. However, when it is not the case, heuristics are appreciated. This situation occurs when the objective function involves numerical simulations and sophisticated models of reality. Then, population-based meta-heuristics, such as genetic algorithms, are widely used because of being independent of the objective function. Unfortunately, they have multiple parameters and generally require numerous function evaluations to find competitive solutions stably. An attractive alternative is DIRECT, which handles the objective function as a black box like the previous meta-heuristics but is almost parameter-free and deterministic. Unfortunately, its rectangle division behavior is rigid, and it may require many function evaluations for degenerate cases. This work presents an optimizer that combines the lack of parameters and stochasticity for high exploration capabilities. This method, called Tangram, defines a self-adapted set of division rules for the search space yet relies on a stochastic hill-climber to perform local searches. This optimizer is expected to be effective for low-dimensional problems (less than 20 variables) and few function evaluations. According to the results achieved, Tangram outperforms Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), a widespread population-based method, and a plain multi-start configuration of the stochastic hill-climber used.
Study of Galaxy Collisions and Thermodynamic Evolution of Gas Using the Exact Integration Scheme
Authors: Otaki Koki , Mori Masao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRadiative cooling of the interstellar medium plays a vital role in the context of galaxy formation and evolution. On the other hand, the cooling time in the high-density regions involving star formation is much shorter than the dynamical time of the gas. In numerical simulations, it is challenging to solve physical phenomena coexisting on significantly different timescales, and it is known as the overcooling problem in the study of galaxy formation. Townsend (2009) has developed the Exact Integration (EI) scheme that provides a stable solution for the cooling term in the energy equation of astrophysical fluid dynamics, regardless of the size of the simulation time step. We apply the EI scheme to define the effective cooling time that accounts for the temperature dependence of the cooling rate and investigate the thermodynamic evolution of gas in colliding dark matter subhalos. The results show that the conventional cooling time always indicates a shorter than the effective cooling time derived by the EI scheme because it does not include the dependence of the cooling rate on temperature. Furthermore, we run three-dimensional galaxy collision simulations to examine the difference in thermodynamic evolution between the EI scheme and the conventional Crank–Nicholson method for solving the cooling equation. Comparing the results of the two simulations, we find that the EI scheme suppresses the rapid temperature decrease after galaxy collisions. Thus, the EI scheme indicates considerable potential for solving the overcooling problem in the study of galaxy formation.
How many 1-loop neutrino mass models are there?
Authors: Arbeláez Carolina , Cepedello Ricardo , Helo Juan Carlos , Hirsch Martin , Kovalenko Sergey 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It is well-known that at tree-level the d = 5 Weinberg operator can be generated in exactly three different ways, the famous seesaw models. In this paper we study the related question of how many phenomenologically consistent 1-loop models one can construct at d=5. First, we discuss that there are two possible classes of 1-loop neutrino mass models, that allow avoiding stable charged relics: (i) models with dark matter candidates and (ii) models with “exits”. Here, we define “exits” as particles that can decay into standard model fields. Considering 1-loop models with new scalars and fermions, we find in the dark matter class a total of (115+203) models, while in the exit class we find (38+368) models. Here, 115 is the number of DM models, which require a stabilizing symmetry, while 203 is the number of models which contain a dark matter candidate, which maybe accidentally stable. In the exit class the 38 refers to models, for which one (or two) of the internal particles in the loop is a SM field, while the 368 models contain only fields beyond the SM (BSM) in the neutrino mass diagram. We then study the RGE evolution of the gauge couplings in all our 1-loop models. Many of the models in our list lead to Landau poles in some gauge coupling at rather low energies and there is exactly one model which unifies the gauge couplings at energies above 1015 GeV in a numerically acceptable way.
Beyond Jarlskog: 699 invariants for CP violation in SMEFT
Authors: Bonnefoy Quentin , Gendy Emanuele , Grojean Christophe , Ruderman Joshua T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs SMEFT is a framework of growing importance to analyze high-energy data, understanding its parameter space is crucial. The latter is commonly split into CP-even and CP-odd parts, but this classification is obscured by the fact that CP violation is actually a collective effect that is best captured by considering flavor-invariant combinations of Lagrangian parameters. First we show that fermion rephasing invariance imposes that several coefficients associated to dimension-six operators can never interfere with operators of dimension ≤ 4 and thus cannot appear in any physical observable at$$ \mathcal{O} $$O1/Λ2. For those that can, instead, we establish a one-to-one correspondence with CP-odd flavor invariants, all linear with respect to SMEFT coefficients. We explicitly present complete lists of such linear CP-odd invariants, and carefully examine their relationship to CP breaking throughout the parameter space of coefficients of dimension ≤ 4. Requiring that these invariants all vanish, together with the Jarlskog invariant, the strong-CP phase, and the 6 CP-violating dimension-6 bosonic operators, provides 699(+1 + 1 + 6) conditions for CP conservation to hold in any observable at leading order,$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(1/Λ2).