bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated multi-objective optimisation of the support structure of heliostats in concentrated solar power plants using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Lomazzi L , Cadini F , Giglio M , Cancro C , Ciniglio G , Graditi G , Pontecorvo A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The optimisation of the support structure of heliostats in concentrating solar power plants is a fundamental task aimed at attempting to reduce the high levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of current configurations. In this work, an integrated multi-objective optimisation framework is presented, which relies on the combination of a lean and fast structural model with a genetic algorithm to simultaneously minimise both the overall mass of the support structure and the mean angle of rotation of the mirror surface, which directly affects the optical efficiency of the component. A particular feature of the proposed framework is that it represents an integrated solution, i.e., it allows to simultaneously optimise the main components of the heliostat support structure, i.e., the pedestal, the truss and the back support structure, assuming they are off-the-shelf components easily available on the market. The optimisation problem is set up selecting as design variables (i) the number of elements in the back support structure and (ii) the relevant characteristics of all the components considered, i.e., section shape and dimensions, according to the components commercial datasheets. At each iteration of the optimisation process, the structural model is fed with the current design variables values and, according to some computed aerodynamic loads, it allows evaluating the displacement and rotation of the points of interest within the mirror surface. An aerodynamic model present in the literature based on experimental wind tunnel tests is used to estimate the wind forces acting on the heliostat as a function both of the mirror inclination angle with respect to the ground and of the wind direction with respect to the mirror orientation. In this work, the proposed methodology is demonstrated on a realistic case study and the results commented in detail, highlighting possible future developments and the limitations of the framework.
Design and construction of an offshore diffuser augmented wind turbine with a high efficiency alternator
Authors: Demelio G P , Camporeale SM , Castellano A , Cupertino F , Torresi M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the design and the assembly of a new type of a ducted wind turbine with an electric power generator adopting permanent high coercive magnets embedded in the peripheral ring of the rotor. The nominal power is 20 kW, and the maximum diameter of the external duct is 9 meters. The project has been carried out within the Marine Energy Laboratory (MEL) funded by the Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research (MIUR) and collects the most advanced technologies of naval maritime engineering and combines them with energy and turbomachinery technologies. The presence of a divergent duct enables the interception of a greater air mass flow rate, allowing the reduction of the rotor diameter and the deflections of the blades; hence, at constant tip speed ratio, a higher rotational speed compared to conventional turbines and a better efficiency of the permanent magnet power generator.
Investigating encapsulation design strategy of photovoltaic cells in the case of a solar race car
Authors: Pavlovic A , Mikhnych V , Bertoldi M , Fragassa C 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The efficiency in converting solar energy into electricity is fundamental wherever photovoltaic panels are present, still more crucial in the design of racing solar vehicles. Even minimal reductions in conversion ratio, maintained for the long solar races, cause solar cars to lose race positions and competitiveness. Here we introduce a numerical-experimental study for choosing the best combination of materials to encapsulate cells in solar roofs. The tangible expectation is to improve the performance of the monocrystalline silicon cells used in our solar vehicle by maximizing heat dissipation to the environment. The operating temperature is in fact a determining factor for efficient conversion, with efficiency drops of the order of 5% every 10 °C. Different stratifications, some of which quite unusual in solar panel design, were compared by transient thermal simulations and experiments. Specifically, five alternatives were analyzed, varying in the presence and thickness of the encapsulation materials (ETFE, EVA and PET). The main scope of the work, however, was not choosing the best among several specific hypotheses, but the development of an accurate numerical model able to predict the behavior of the solar panel in conditions close to the expected ones. This model, in fact, has provided valuable help in optimizing the vehicle design by allowing to evaluate the effect of alternative materials and construction solutions in the cell’s construction housing structure.
Development of a hybrid racing car model and optimization of the torque delivery strategy by means of genetic algorithms
Authors: Bertucco J , Dindo L , Vendramin M , Meneghetti G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes an optimization of torque strategy of All Wheel Drive hybrid vehicle taking part to Le Mans Hypercar championship. Using the software VI-Grade CarRealTime an existing reference model has been considered, and new co-simulated model with CarRealTime and Simulink with custom torque distribution has been defined. Subsequently, a simpler vehicle model has been developed only in Simulink to speed up the optimization problem, while conserving the same torque strategy of the co-simulated model. Regarding the optimization problem, two analysis are proposed. The first one is based on single-objective optimization that reduces the fuel consumption, by optimizing the use of the electric powertrain along the track; the second one is a multi-objective optimization that minimizes the fuel consumption and variation of State of Charge (SoC) using the same decision variable of single-objective optimization. The same penalty function is adopted in both cases to have a final SoC equal to the initial one. This analysis allow to design the size of battery and fuel tank as low as possible.
Interferometric weak value of polarization observable and differential Jones matrix algebra
Authors: Modak Niladri , Das Sayantan , Bordoloi Priyanuj , Ghosh Nirmalya 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The quantification of simultaneously present weak polarization anisotropy effects are of practical interest from polarimetric and metrological perspective. Recently, in Modak et al (2021 Phys. Rev. A 103 053518), we experimentally demonstrated a classical analog of post-selected quantum weak measurement through optical interferometry to amplify all possible weak polarization anisotropy effects individually. Here, we propose an extension of this interferometric framework for applying it in a realistic scenario to quantify simultaneously present polarization anisotropy effects. Moreover, a clear correspondence of differential Jones matrix approach with the present scheme is indicated. The proposed scheme enables the measurement of differential Jones matrices through characteristic Stokes vector elements. Our proposal leads to a new class of polarimeter for experimental detection of differential Jones matrix of non-depolarizing anisotropic medium exhibiting simultaneous multiple polarimetric effects of tiny magnitude.
Effect of low-velocity impact on mechanical property and fatigue life of DP590/AA6061 self-piercing riveted joints
Authors: Zhao Yi-Guang , Huang Zhi-Chao , Jiang Yu-Qiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The low-velocity impact behaviors of DP590/AA6061 self-piercing riveting (SPR) joints are studied at the impact energies of 5 J, 10 J, 20 J, 30 J, and room temperature (25 °C). The lap shear and fatigue tests, and the cross-sectional microscopies of joints are used to assess the mechanical property evolutions of the joints after low-velocity impact. The results show that the absorbed impact energies of SPR joints reach the critical value at an impact energy of 30 J, the exceeded impact energy causes crack failures in the sheets and decreases the interlocking performance of the joints. The static property and the absorbed energy of the SPR joints are reduced by 16% and 36% when the joints are impacted at 30 J, respectively. The low-velocity impacts do not change the failure forms of the joints, but significantly reduce the mechanical interlocking properties of the joints. The fatigue lives of the SPR joints are reduced due to low-velocity impact, and the impacted joints are more sensitive to cyclic loadings.
Assembly-dependent translation of subunits 6 (Atp6) and 9 (Atp9) of ATP synthase in yeast mitochondria
Authors: Kabala Anna M , Binko Krystyna , Godard François , Charles Camille , Dautant Alain , Baranowska Emilia , Skoczen Natalia , Gombeau Kewin , Bouhier Marine , Becker Hubert D , Ackerman Sharon H , Steinmetz Lars M , Tribouillard-Tanvier Déborah , Kucharczyk Roza , di Rago Jean-Paul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase is an assembly of 28 subunits of 17 types of which 3 (subunits 6, 8, and 9) are encoded by mitochondrial genes, while the 14 others have a nuclear genetic origin. Within the membrane domain (FO) of this enzyme, the subunit 6 and a ring of 10 identical subunits 9 transport protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane coupled to ATP synthesis in the extra-membrane structure (F1) of ATP synthase. As a result of their dual genetic origin, the ATP synthase subunits are synthesized in the cytosol and inside the mitochondrion. How they are produced in the proper stoichiometry from two different cellular compartments is still poorly understood. The experiments herein reported show that the rate of translation of the subunits 9 and 6 is enhanced in strains with mutations leading to specific defects in the assembly of these proteins. These translation modifications involve assembly intermediates interacting with subunits 6 and 9 within the final enzyme and cis-regulatory sequences that control gene expression in the organelle. In addition to enabling a balanced output of the ATP synthase subunits, these assembly-dependent feedback loops are presumably important to limit the accumulation of harmful assembly intermediates that have the potential to dissipate the mitochondrial membrane electrical potential and the main source of chemical energy of the cell.
Exogenous auxin-induced ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 2 (ESR2) enhances femaleness of cucumber by activating theCsACS2gene
Authors: Niu Huanhuan , Wang Hu , Zhao Bosi , He Jiao , Yang Luming , Ma Xiongfeng , Cao Jiajian , Li Zheng , Shen Junjun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) has been a model for the study of sex differentiation over the last two decades. Cucumber sex differentiation is mainly under genetic control, but plant growth regulators can also influence or even change it. However, the effect of exogenous auxin application on cucumber sex differentiation is not well understood at the physiological level. In this study, we explored the effects of different exogenous auxin concentrations on cucumber varieties with different mutant sex-controlling genotypes and found that there was a dosage effect of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on the enhancement of cucumber femaleness. Several ACC synthetase (ACS) family members responded directly to exogenous IAA, increasing endogenous ethylene synthesis, and this process appeared to be independent of the previously identified sex-related ACC oxidase CsACO2. We further demonstrated that ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION 2 (ESR2) responded to exogenous auxin induction by binding to ERE cis-acting element regions in the CsACS2 promoter, directly activating CsACS2 expression and thus increasing endogenous ethylene content, which may induce femaleness. These findings reveal that exogenous auxin increases cucumber femaleness by inducing a sex-controlling gene and promoting ethylene synthesis.
AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE TRANSPLANT IN A PATIENT WITH RECURRENT MACULAR HOLE AND ATROPHIC AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: Siotto-Pintor Emanuele , Tatti Filippo , Peiretti Enrico 
Published: January 2022

Purpose:
To report a case of a recurrent macular hole (MH) and atrophic age-related macular degeneration in a patient, treated with human amniotic membrane transplant.

Methods:
Interventional case report.

Results:
A 72-year-old man was referred to our Retina Unit for a recurrent MH associated with atrophic age-related macular degeneration. The patient was already operated for a full-thickness MH without any anatomical and functional benefit. A 25-gauge vitrectomy, under local anesthesia was performed. A human amniotic membrane patch was transplanted under the retina through a 180° retinectomy to close the MH and eventually exploit his regenerative effects on the atrophic pigment epithelium. Follow-up was taken at 1, 3, and 6 months and 1 year. No intra- or postoperative complications were recorded. At 1 month, a complete MH closure was achieved, and best-corrected visual acuity increased from 20/400 to 20/320. Unfortunately, after 1 year, the macular atrophic area increased and the best-corrected visual acuity came back to 20/400.

Conclusion:
A human amniotic membrane was used to close a MH in a patient with atrophic age-related macular degeneration, although progression of the geographic atrophy continued after MH closure.
Polycistronic baculovirus expression of SUGT1 enables high-yield production of recombinant leucine-rich repeat proteins and protein complexes
Authors: Snead Kelly , Wall Vanessa , Ambrose Hannah , Esposito Dominic , Drew Matthew 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe SHOC2-MRAS-PPP1CA (SMP) complex is a holoenzyme that plays a vital role in the MAP kinase signaling pathway. Previous attempts to produce this challenging three-protein complex have relied on co-infection with multiple viruses and the use of affinity tags to attempt to isolate functional recombinant protein complexes. Leucine-rich repeat containing proteins have been historically challenging to express, and we hypothesized that co-expression of appropriate chaperones may be necessary for optimal production. We describe here how the SUGT1 chaperone can, in conjunction with polycistronic protein expression in baculovirus-infected insect cells, dramatically enhance production yield and quality of recombinant SHOC2, the SMP complex, and other leucine-rich repeat proteins.HighlightsImproved yields and purity of LRR proteins and multiprotein complexes through chaperone co-expression, DNA construct design, and use of polycistronic baculovirus.Over 300-fold yield increase of SMP protein complex from 0.1 mg/L to 32.6 mg/L.SUGT1 co-expression is a highly effective technique for recombinant LRR protein expression and purification.Polycistronic baculovirus infection is ideal for production of multiprotein complexes
A fast and cost-effective short circuit protection scheme for low-power converters for small-scale photovoltaic application
Authors: Ebadi Mazdak , Abbasi Negin , Maghsoudi Hamidreza 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to propose an integrated protection scheme for converters of a low-power, low-cost photovoltaic system. Power electronic converters use a variety of methods to limit overload and fault current. The use of insulated and non-insulated sensors along with additional circuits to detect and limit fault current can cause current to be limited or completely cut off before damage to semiconductor devices. In addition, fuses that have slower performance are used as backup for any type of protection.

Design/methodology/approach
First, all the candidate points for protection are investigated. In this paper, after examining the performance of glass fuses as linear resistors, they are used as a current feedback element. A simple, isolated and reliable circuit for fault detection at various points of the system has been proposed that can be implemented and operated in single shot or auto-reclose operating mode.

Findings
The experimental results of this circuit on a dc/dc converter and an H-bridge inverter show that it can cut off all instantaneous short circuit errors in less than 50 µs and prevent damage to the semiconductor switch.

Originality/value
In low-cost and low-power converters, it is usually not cost-effective to use complex and expensive devices. For this reason, these converters are more vulnerable to faults. On the other hand, in complex systems such as photovoltaics, several converters are used simultaneously in different parts, and the occurrence of a fault in each of them causes the whole system to fail.
Industry 4.0 enablers in retailing: a literature review
Authors: Bruni Roberto , Piccarozzi Michela 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to study and describe the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) concept in the retail industry by identifying the technology enablers, the benefits and the challenges involved in adopting these technologies.Design/methodology/approachThe work is built on a systematic literature review (SLR) about the I4.0 concept within retail studies through the enablers codified by the Industry 4.0 literature.FindingsThe concept of Industry 4.0 within the retail context is presented through three relevant technology enablers I4.0 emerges as a latent concept represented by technologies adopted to study customer behaviour and manage customer relationships and, partially, to optimise retail management. Furthermore, the paper highlights the benefits and challenges stemming from the adoption of I4.0 technology enablers in the retail industry.Originality/valueThe use of a SLR to describe the I4.0 concept in the retail industry identifying the relevant technology enablers and their relations. The article lays the foundations for future studies on the integrated effects of the contemporary actions of multiple technologies on retail management.
AI as customer
Authors: Huang Ming-Hui , Rust Roland T. 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to note that customers are not necessarily human and to figure out how best to serve artificial intelligence (AI) customers. The authors also propose several major research streams, as examples, to help launch research on AI customers and how to serve them.Design/methodology/approachThe current paper is a conceptual one that draws upon research from many areas to support the ideas proposed.FindingsAI customer are proliferating. AI as customers can augment or replace human customers and can be the customer itself. Service providers may also be AI, which means that both humans serving AI customers and AI serving AI customers are relevant here. The authors show that even truly autonomous AI customers are likely to be more common in the future. The authors conclude that reverse engineering will probably not be successful in understanding AI customers and that an approach similar to how we research human consumer behavior is likely to be more useful.Originality/valueVirtually, the entire literature on customers and how to serve them assumes that customers are human. With the rapid advancement of AI, purchase decisions are increasingly made by AI, suggesting that it is now important and necessary to consider the possibility of AI customers and how best to serve them. This paper opens the door for such research.
Metagenomic insights into the environmental adaptation and metabolism of Candidatus Haloplasmatales, one archaeal order thriving in saline lakes
Authors: Zhou Heng , Zhao Dahe , Zhang Shengjie , Xue Qiong , Zhang Manqi , Yu Haiying , Zhou Jian , Li Ming , Kumar Sumit , Xiang Hua 
Published: January 2022

SummaryThe KTK 4A‐related Thermoplasmata thrives in the sediment of saline lakes; however, systematic research on its taxonomy, environmental adaptation and metabolism is lacking. Here, we detected this abundant lineage in the sediment of five artificially separated ponds (salinity 7.0%–33.0%) within a Chinese soda‐saline lake using culture‐independent metagenomics and archaeal 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The phylogenies based on the 16S rRNA gene, and 122 archaeal ubiquitous single‐copy proteins and genome‐level identity analyses among the metagenome‐assembled genomes demonstrate this lineage forming a novel order, Candidatus Haloplasmatales, comprising four genera affiliated with the identical family. Isoelectric point profiles of predicted proteomes suggest that most members adopt the energetically favourable ‘salt‐in’ strategy. Functional prediction indicates the lithoheterotrophic nature with the versatile metabolic potentials for carbohydrate and organic acids as well as carbon monoxide and hydrogen utilization. Additionally, hydrogenase genes hdrABC‐mvhADG are linked with incomplete reductive citrate cycle genes in the genomes, suggesting their functional connection. Comparison with the coupling of HdrABC‐MvhADG and methanogenesis pathway provides new insights into the compatibility of laterally acquired methanogenesis with energy metabolism in the related order Methanomassiliicoccales. Globally, our research sheds light on the taxonomy, environmental adaptative mechanisms, metabolic potentials and evolutional significance of Ca. Haloplasmatales.
Turnip mosaic virus, a virus for all seasons
Authors: Nellist Charlotte F. , Ohshima Kazusato , Ponz Fernando , Walsh John A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTurnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is an economically important virus infecting a broad range of arable and vegetable crops and many wild plant species. It is also of particular scientific interest as it has the broadest host range of any of the potyviruses, infects dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants, is transmitted by many (>89) aphid species and is the best adapted potyvirus to Arabidopsis thaliana. For these reasons it has been particularly well studied from many angles and is being exploited for biotechnological purposes. This review aims to consolidate the most recent advances in research on TuMV and will form the basis of an updated version on the Association of Applied Biologists (AAB) Description of Plant Viruses for TuMV.
Retracted: The association between keratoconus and allergic eye diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Seth Ishith , Bulloch Gabriella , Vine Michael , Outmezguine Joseph , Seth Nimish , Every James , Daniell Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate association between keratoconus and allergic eye diseases, eye rubbing, and atopy.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched for relevant published studies from inception to April 2021 without restrictions or filters. We included case–control, cohort, and cross‐sectional studies that investigated eye allergy, atopy, or eye rubbing as possible risk factors for KC. Two authors independently screened all titles and abstracts against predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study analysed keratoconus prevalence and risk factors including eye rubbing, family history of keratoconus, atopy, and allergic eye diseases. The National Institute of Health Study Quality Assessment tool was utilised. Pooled data were presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Analysis was conducted using RevMan version 5.3 software.ResultsOut of 573 articles, we excluded 161 duplicates than 361 articles by title and abstract screening. The remaining 51 articles underwent full‐text screening, and 29 articles were excluded. Twenty‐one studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and fifteen for quantitative synthesis. There was no significant association found between KC and allergic eye diseases (OR = 1.03, 95% CI [0.96, 1.11], p = 0.45), eye rubbing (OR = 1.59, 95% CI [0.70, 3.63], p = 0.27), or atopy (OR = 1.08, 95% CI [0.80, 1.44], p = 0.62).ConclusionNo significant association was observed between KC and allergic eye disease, eye rubbing, or atopy. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify and validate these findings.