bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative radiotherapy might be a risk factor for second primary lung cancer: A population-based study
Authors: Mo You , Chen Minxin , Wu Meng , Chen Dawei , Yu Jinming 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundSurgery is the main curative therapeutic strategy for patients with initial primary lung cancer (IPLC). Most international guidelines recommend regular follow-ups after discharge to monitor patients for tumor recurrence and metastasis. As the overall survival (OS) in patients with lung cancer improves, their risk of secondary primary lung cancer (SPLC) increases. Previous studies on such patients lack separate assessment of different survival outcomes and evaluation of high-risk factors for SPLC. Therefore, we aimed to determine the correlation between high-risk factors and causes of death in patients with SPLC, based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsWe screened the SEER database for patients with IPLC and SPLC from 2004 to 2015 and included only patients who underwent surgery since the IPLC and in whom the cancer was pathologically verified of an International Classification of Diseases grade of 0-3 and to be non-small-cell lung cancer. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated between variables and SPLC. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses were conducted to calculate the correlation of different variables with overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). A competing-risk model was conducted for SPLC. The effect of baseline bias on survival outcomes by performing propensity score matching analysis in a 1: 6 ratio (SPLC: IPLC).ResultsFor patients aged 0-49 years, the overall SIR was higher in older patients, reaching a maximum of 27.74 in those aged 40-49 years, and at 11.63 in patients aged 50-59 years. The overall SIR was higher for patients who were more recently diagnosed with IPLC and increased with time after diagnosis. Male sex, SPLC (hazard ratio, 1.6173; 95% confidence interval, 1.5505-1.6869; P &lt; 0.001), cancer grade III or IV, lower lobe of the lung, advanced stage and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) were independently detrimental to OS. In terms of CSS, PORT was a high-risk factor.ConclusionsPostoperative radiotherapy is a risk factor for second primary lung cancer and detrimental to overall and cancer-specific survival in patients who had initial primary lung cancer. These data support the need for life-long follow-up of patients who undergo treatment for IPLC to screen for SPLC.
Infiltration of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves in multiple myeloma
Authors: Su Xiaoyun , Kong Xiangquan , Kong Xiangchuang , Lu Zuneng , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy, and intramedullary spinal cord metastasis is extremely rare.MethodsClinical and radiological data were collected from electronic medical records as well as a literature review of reported cases.ResultsWe report a rare case of IgA-LAM stage IIB MM with involvement of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. Laboratory studies showed elevated levels of serum β2-macroglobulin and cerebrospinal fluid protein. Electromyography revealed a demyelinating process with motor conduction blocks. On MRI, the lesions of MM bone marrow are characterized as a type of diffuse infiltration. MR neurography demonstrated an enhanced nodule in the thoracic segment with swelling of the cervicothoracic segments of the spinal cord. Moreover, swelling and hypertrophy of the entire nerve branchial, lumbosacral plexus, and cauda equina were detected, accompanied by myofascitis and denervated muscles. Ultimately, the condition of the patient deteriorated quickly and she died with a diagnosis of refractory MM.ConclusionMRI not only has the advantage of displaying the primary involved site of the bone marrow but also facilitates detecting extramedullary hematopoietic MM, such as infiltrating sites of the central and/or peripheral nervous system.
The risk and prognostic factors for G1 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A retrospective analysis of the SEER database
Authors: Wu Zhengqi , Qiu Xiaotong , Zhi Yao , Shi Xiaoju , Lv Guoyue 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundPancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) for which little is known about their clinical features, treatment options, and survival prognosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk factors affecting the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with grade 1 pNETs (G1 pNETs) and to provide a new theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodsA retrospective analysis of individuals with G1 pNETs registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) database was performed. Risk factors affecting OS and CSS were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox proportional hazards model, and Fine-Gray competing-risk model.ResultsA total of 751 patients were included, most of whom were white (77.2%) women (53.9%) under the age of 60 years (54.9%), of whom 66 died of pNETs (8.78%) and 34 died of other causes (4.52%). Patients who were older than 60 years at diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.866, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.242-2.805) had worse OS. And stage in the regional extent (HR = 1.777, 95% CI: 1.006-3.137) or distance extent (HR = 4.540, 95% CI: 2.439-8.453) had worse OS. Patients who delayed treatment after diagnosis had shorter CSS (delayed treatment &lt; 1 month: HR = 1.933, 95% CI: 0.863-4.333; delayed treatment ≥ 1 month: HR = 2.208; 95% CI:1.047-4.654). Patients with lymph node metastasis (HR = 1.989, 95% CI: 1.137-3.479) or distant metastasis (HR = 5.625, 95% CI: 1.892-16.726) had worse CSS. Acceptance of surgery can significantly improve the patient’s OS and CSS. OS (partial pancreatectomy [PP]: HR = 0.350, 95% CI: 0.182-0.672; pancreatectomy and duodenectomy [PD]: HR = 0.426, 95% CI: 0.222-0.815; total pancreatectomy [TP]: HR = 0.495, 95% CI: 0.193-1.267). CSS(PP: HR = 0.148, 95% CI: 0.0054-0.401; PD: HR = 0.332, 95% CI: 0.150-0.730; TP: HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.254-1.872).ConclusionAge and stage were identified as independent risk factors for OS. Delayed treatment, N stage and M stage were independent risk factors for CSS. Only surgery was identified as independent protective factors for OS and CSS.
Obesity may not be related to pathologic response in locally advanced rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Bao Quoc Riccardo , Crimì Filippo , Valotto Giovanni , Chiminazzo Valentina , Bergamo Francesca , Prete Alessandra Anna , Galuppo Sara , El Khouzai Badr , Quaia Emilio , Pucciarelli Salvatore , Urso Emanuele Damiano Luca 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and body fat composition (measured with radiological fat parameters (RFP)) and pathological response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer patients. The secondary aim of the study was to assess the role of BMI and RFP on major surgical complications, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS).MethodsAll patients who underwent surgical resection following nCRT between 2005 and 2017 for mid-low rectal cancer were retrospectively collected. Visceral fat area (VFA), superficial fat area (SFA), visceral/superficial fat area ratio (V/S), perinephric fat thickness (PNF), and waist circumference (WC) were estimated by baseline CT scan. Predictors of pathologic response and postoperative complications were investigated using logistic regression analysis. The correlations between BMI and radiologic fat parameters and survival were investigated using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test.ResultsOut of 144 patients included, a complete (TRG1) and major (TRG1+2) pathologic response was reported in 32 (22%) and 60 (45.5%) cases, respectively. A statistically significant correlation between BMI and all the RFP was found. At a median follow-up of 60 (35–103) months, no differences in terms of OS and DFS were found considering BMI and radiologic fat parameters. At univariable analysis, neither BMI nor radiologic fat parameters were predictors of complete or major pathologic response; nevertheless, VFA, V/S&gt;1, and BMI were predictors of postoperative major complications.ConclusionsWe found no associations between BMI and body fat composition and pathological response to nCRT, although VFA, V/S, and BMI were predictors of major complications. BMI and RFP are not related to worse long-term OS and DFS.
Exposure to heavy metals and red blood cell parameters in children: A systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Capitão Carolina , Martins Raquel , Santos Osvaldo , Bicho Manuel , Szigeti Tamás , Katsonouri Andromachi , Bocca Beatrice , Ruggieri Flavia , Wasowicz Wojciech , Tolonen Hanna , Virgolino Ana 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundMechanistic studies show that heavy metals interfere with the hematopoietic system by inhibiting key enzymes, which could lead to anemia. However, the link between children's exposure and red blood cell (RBC) parameters has been inconsistent. We aimed to summarize evidence on human studies exploring the association between exposure to lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium VI and RBC parameters in children.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies published between January 2010 and April 2022. Eligible papers included human observational studies that directly assessed exposure (internal dose) to the heavy metals under study and RBC parameters in participants aged ≤ 18 years. We excluded studies using hospital-based samples. Study quality was assessed using the National Institutes of Health's Quality Assessment Tools for Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. We synthesized the evidence using vote counting based on the direction of the relationship.ResultsOut of 6,652 retrieved papers, we included a total of 38 (33 assessing lead, four mercury, two cadmium, and two arsenic; chromium VI was not assessed in any included paper). More than half of the studies were conducted in Asia. We found evidence of a positive relationship between lead concentration and hemoglobin (proportion of studies reporting negative relationships = 0.750; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.583, 0.874) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (0.875; 95% CI 0.546, 0.986), and a positive relationship with red cell distribution width (0.000; 95%CI 0.000, 0.379). When considering only good-quality studies (24% of the Pb studies), only the relationship with hemoglobin levels remained (0.875; 95% CI: 0.546, 0.986).ConclusionWe found evidence of a negative relationship between lead concentration and hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin and of a positive relationship with red cell distribution width in children. We also identified a need to conduct more studies in European countries. Future studies should use standardized practices and make efforts to increase study quality, namely by conducting comprehensive longitudinal studies. Our findings support the need to take further actions to limit heavy metal exposure during childhood.
Early ascorbic acid administration prevents vascular endothelial cell damage in septic mice
Authors: Madokoro Yutaro , Kamikokuryo Chinatsu , Niiyama Shuhei , Ito Takashi , Hara Satoshi , Ichinose Hiroshi , Kakihana Yasuyuki 
Published: October 2022

Oxidation of BH4, a cofactor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) through uncoupling of NOS and affects vascular endothelial dysfunction. Ascorbic acid (AsA) inhibits the oxidation of BH4 and reduces ROS. However, the kinetic changes of BH4 in sepsis and its effect on the kinetic changes in AsA administration therapy, as well as the appropriate timing of AsA administration for AsA therapy to be effective, are unclear. Mice with sepsis, induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), were examined for the effect of AsA administration (200 mg/kg) on vascular endothelial cell dysfunction at two administration timings: early group (AsA administered immediately after CLP) and late group (AsA administered 12 h after CLP). Survival rates were compared between the early and late administration groups, and vascular endothelial cell damage, indicated by the dihydrobiopterin/tetrahydrobiopterin ratio, serum syndecan-1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, as well as liver damage, were examined. The early group showed significantly improved survival compared to the non-treatment group (p &lt; 0.05), while the late group showed no improved survival compared to the non-treatment group. Compared to the non-treated group, the early AsA group showed less oxidation of BH4 in sepsis. Syndecan1, a marker of vascular endothelial cell damage, was less elevated and organ damage was reduced in the early AsA-treated group. In septic mice, early AsA administration immediately after CLP may protect vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting BH4 oxidation, thereby reducing organ dysfunction and improving survival.
Antioxidant-based neuroprotective effect of dimethylsulfoxide against induced traumatic brain injury in a rats model
Authors: Bulama Ibrahim , Nasiru Suleiman , Bello Abubakar , Abbas Abdullahi Yahaya , Nasiru Jinjiri Ismail , Saidu Yusuf , Chiroma Musa Samaila , Mohd Moklas Mohamad Aris , Mat Taib Che Norma , Waziri Ali , Suleman Bilbis Lawal 
Published: October 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been the result of neurological deficit and oxidative stress. This study evaluated the antioxidative neuroprotective property and learning and memory-enhancing effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in a rat model after the induction of TBI. 21 albino rats with 7 rats per group were used in this study. Group I was induced with TBI and treated with DMSO at 67.5 mg/kg orally once daily which started 30 min after the induction of TBI and lasted 21 days. Group II was induced with TBI but not treated while Group III was neither induced with TBI nor treated. Assessment of behavioral function (Learning and memory, anxiety and motor function), the level of an antioxidant enzymes and their gene expression (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), the biomarkers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) and S100B levels as well as brain tissues histological studies were conducted. Administration of DMSO to rats with induced TBI has improved learning and memory, locomotor function and decreased anxiety in Group I compared to Group II. Moreover, the level of S100B was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower in Group I compared to Group II. Treatment with DMSO also decreased lipid peroxidation significantly (p &lt; 0.05) compared to Group II. There exists a significant (p &lt; 0.05) increase in CAT, SOD, and GPX activities in Group I compared to Group II. Therefore, DMSO has demonstrated a potential antioxidative neuroprotective effect through its ability to increase the level of antioxidant enzymes which they quench and inhibit the formation of ROS, thereby improving cognitive functions.
Omani Frankincense nanoemulsion formulation efficacy and its latent effects on biological aspects of the spiny bollworm Earias insulana (Boisd.)
Authors: Metayi Mervat H. , Abd El-Naby Shimaa S. , El-Habal Noha A. , Fahmy Heba H. , Abdou Mona S. , Ali Baber , Abdel-Rheim Khaled H. , Abdel-Megeed Ahmed 
Published: October 2022

Our research shed light on the perspective of formulation technology regarding its responsibility to provide phyto-insecticides that are worthy of research into potential novel applications. There has been an increase in interest in using nanoemulsion as a new formulation in a variety of sectors during the last several decades. Boswellia sacra essential oil (Fam: Burseraceae) from the resin of frankincense trees has been recently proposed as a promising ingredient in a new generation of botanical insecticides. Frankincense nanoemulsion was formulated in 5% ratios comprising frankincense oil, surfactants, and water. A frankincense nanoemulsion was prepared using a high-energy ultra-sonication process and characterized by dynamic light scattering transmission electron microscopy surface tension, viscosity, and zeta potential value. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify the chemical profiles of frankincense essential oil. Furthermore, insecticidal effects against second instar larvae of the spiny bollworm, Earias insulana, as well as their latent effects on the larvae were studied. In the present study, the formulation was a good nanoemulsion. The surface tension was 53.69, the viscosity was 4.76 cPs, the zeta potential was-10 mV, and the size distribution was 41.30 nm. The polydispersity index (PDI) of the nanoemulsion was found to be 0.26, and the morphology of the frankincense nanoemulsion was visualized in a spherical shape. The main constituents identified in frankincense oil were α-pinene (15.52%); monolinolenin (12.92%); and geranylgeranyl acetate (9.99%). The results showed significant insecticidal activity against the larval stage and considerably decreased the pupation percentage with increasing the volume of the frankincense nanoemulsion. On the other hand, the latent effects of the frankincense nanoemulsion on E. insulana resulted in a higher prolongation of larval and pupal durations as well as a significant reduction in the weight of larvae and pupae of E. insulana. Additionally, frankincense nanoemulsion dramatically influenced the adult emergence percentage. It also caused a significantly lower hatchability percentage compared to the untreated control. The concentrations used and the types of mating combination have a significant effect on the fecundity of E. insulana. This novel frankincense nanoemulsion formulation could be used in strategies to control the spiny bollworm on cotton plants.
Acupuncture vs. antispasmodics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: An adjusted indirect treatment comparison meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Yun-zhou , Tao Qing-feng , Qin Di , Chen Min , Yu Shu-guang , Zheng Hui 
Published: October 2022

Background: Acupuncture has been extensively applied to manage irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in clinical practice in China. Some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated their efficacy, but it has rarely been compared with first-line antispasmodics to verify their effectiveness. Therefore, we compare acupuncture with antispasmodics in the treatment of IBS by using an adjusted indirect treatment comparison meta-analysis.Methods: Embase, OVID Medline, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched from inception to 14 March 2022, with no language restrictions. RCTs comparing antispasmodics or acupuncture with placebo or one of the antispasmodics were enrolled. The primary outcome of interest was the improvement of abdominal pain. And the secondary outcomes of interest were the relief of global IBS symptoms and adverse events. The random-effects model was utilized to pool data. The effect size was measured by standardized mean difference (SMD) or relative ratio, and the effectiveness of acupuncture and different antispasmodics were ranked by P-scores.Results: Thirty-five RCTs (n = 5,190) were included. The analysis showed that cimetropium, drotaverine, acupuncture, and pinarverium were superior over placebo in relieving abdominal pain; cimetropium (SMD, −3.00 [95%CI, −4.47 to −1.53], P-score = 0.99) ranked the most effective. In pairwise comparisons, acupuncture had a greater improvement than most antispasmodics except cimetropium and drotaverine in relieving abdominal pain, although the between-group difference was statistically insignificant. In the analysis of continuous outcome in the relief of global IBS symptoms, the result showed that pinaverium was more effective (SMD, 1.72 [95%CI, 0.53 to 2.92], P-score = 0.90) than placebo. Trimebutine and acupuncture had greater improvements than placebo, but no significant difference was shown between groups. In pairwise comparisons, acupuncture was more effective than pinaverium (SMD, −1.11 [95%CI, −1.94 to −0.28]) in relieving global IBS symptoms. In the analysis of adverse events, acupuncture had a lower adverse event rate than most of the other antispasmodics.Conclusion: Cimetropium, drotaverine, and acupuncture were all better than placebo in improving abdominal pain. Acupuncture was preferred over pinaverium in relieving global IBS symptoms, and acupuncture had lower adverse events than most antispasmodics.
Multi-scale mechanobiological model for skeletal muscle hypertrophy
Authors: Villota-Narvaez Yesid , Garzón-Alvarado Diego A. , Röhrle Oliver , Ramírez-Martínez Angelica M. 
Published: October 2022

Skeletal muscle adaptation is correlated to training exercise by triggering different signaling pathways that target many functions; in particular, the IGF1-AKT pathway controls protein synthesis and degradation. These two functions regulate the adaptation in size and strength of muscles. Computational models for muscle adaptation have focused on: the biochemical description of signaling pathways or the mechanical description of muscle function at organ scale; however, an interrelation between these two models should be considered to understand how an adaptation in muscle size affects the protein synthesis rate. In this research, a dynamical model for the IGF1-AKT signaling pathway is linked to a continuum-mechanical model describing the active and passive mechanical response of a muscle; this model is used to study the impact of the adaptive muscle geometry on the protein synthesis at the fiber scale. This new computational model links the signaling pathway to the mechanical response by introducing a growth tensor, and links the mechanical response to the signaling pathway through the evolution of the protein synthesis rate. The predicted increase in cross sectional area (CSA) due to an 8 weeks training protocol excellently agreed with experimental data. Further, our results show that muscle growth rate decreases, if the correlation between protein synthesis and CSA is negative. The outcome of this study suggests that multi-scale models coupling continuum mechanical properties and molecular functions may improve muscular therapies and training protocols.