bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freedom of Conscience and COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Csink Lóránt 
Published: January 2022

Compulsory COVID vaccination is a timely question to ask as more and more countries introduce it. There is a growing body of case law and literature on child vaccination against a number of well-known diseases,[1] yet the current issue involving the compulsory vaccination of adults against COVID-19 presents a new case. I hypothesise as follows: (a) compulsory vaccination is constitutional, under certain conditions; (b) alternative behaviour must be tolerated if it produces the same end. I verify these hypotheses by analysing the role of conscience in vaccinations in general and in COVID-19 vaccination in particular. I consider the Hungarian context, but the conclusions might apply to other countries as well. The key issue is the extent to which the government should respect individual conscience during a pandemic. I first discuss what conscience is in legal terms. Second, I discuss the legal nature and background of COVID-19 vaccination. Third, I describe the decision of the Hungarian Constitutional Court on mandatory vaccination and compare the current situation with the previous one. Fourth, I analyse the outcome of the ‘comparative test of burdens’. Finally, I summarise my conclusions.
Legal Development of Non-Marital Union in Croatia
Authors: Korać Graovac Aleksandra 
Published: January 2022

Legal development of non-marital union in Croatia went through different phases – from modest family law effects (property rights and the right to maintenance) in late seventies of the twentieth century to equating non-marital union with marriage nowadays, except the establishment of fatherhood and gaining common family name.
In the Family Act (2015) non-marital union refers to a life union between an unmarried woman and an unmarried man that has lasted for at least three years or for a shorter duration if a common child has been born therein or has been continued by entering a marriage.
The author underlines the problem of legal uncertainty that arises from the fact that non-marital union is informal and that preconditions for non-marital union effects are different in different legal branches. Overall, legal regulation of non-marital union in Croatia is inconsistent due to particular legal solutions.
Marriage and Partnership in Serbian Family Law
Authors: Kovaček Stanić Gordana 
Published: January 2022

In this paper the author analyses the family law consequences of family law unions in Serbia. Two types of family law unions are regulated: marriage and heterosexual non-marital cohabitation. Same-sex union is not regulated at present, but the draft law is under preparation. The author analyses consequences of: personal relations, property relations, nuptial contract, family home, maintenance and exercise of parental rights.
A Transferência entre as Modalidades de Retroalimentação Visual e Proprioceptiva na Aprendizagem de uma Destreza Motora
Authors: Matos Nelson Dagoberto de 
Published: January 2022

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a influência das informações de retroalimentaçao visual e proprioceptiva, e da trans­ferência entre ambas, na aprendizagem de uma destreza motora. Parti­ciparam da pesquisa 60 alunas que foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em 4 grupos experimentais. O grupo 1 recebeu retroalimentação visual nas 20 primeiras e nas 20 últimas tentativas. O grupo 2 recebeu re­troalimentação proprioceptiva nas 20 primeiras e nas 20 últimas ten­tativas. O grupo 3, retroalimentação visual nas 20 primeiras tenta­tivas e proprioceptiva nas 20 últimas tentativas. O grupo 4, retroalimentação proprioceptiva nas 20 primeiras e visual nas 20 últimas tentativas. Conluiu-se que, tanto a informação de retroalimentação visual quanto a proprioceptiva propiciam aprendizagem da tarefa, sendo que a modalidade visual provocou melhores resultados com esco­res de erros mais inferiores, com respeito a transferência entre as duas modalidades, não se observou nenhuma melhoria nos escores dos 4 grupos estudados.
A comparison of using a smartphone versus a surgical microscope for microsurgical anastomosis in a non-living model
Authors: Jianmongkol Surut , Vinitpairot Chaiyos , Thitiworakarn Navapong , Wattanakamolchai Settapon 
Published: January 2022

Background Although they may not replace standard training methods that use surgical microscopes, smartphones equipped with high-resolution screens and high-definition cameras are an attractive alternative for practicing microsurgical skills. They are ubiquitous, simple to operate, and inexpensive. This study compared anastomoses of chicken femoral vessels using a smartphone camera versus a standard operative microscope.
Methods Forty anastomoses of non-living chicken femoral vessels were divided into four groups. A resident and an experienced microsurgeon performed anastomoses of femoral chicken vessels with 8-0 and 10-0 sutures, using a smartphone camera and a surgical microscope. The time to complete the anastomosis and the number of anastomosis errors were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results The time taken to perform an anastomosis by the experienced microsurgeon was significantly longer when using the smartphone (median: 32.5 minutes vs. 20 minutes, P<0.001). The resident completed the anastomoses with both types of equipment without a significant difference in the operative times. When using a smartphone, the operation times were not significantly different between the resident and the experienced microsurgeon (P=0.238). The resident showed non-significant differences in operation time and the number of errors when using a smartphone or an operative microscope (P=1.000 and P=0.065, respectively).
Conclusions Microsurgical practice with non-living chicken femoral vessels can be performed with a smartphone, though it can take longer than with an operative microscope for experienced microsurgeons. The resident may also experience frustration and tend to make more anastomosis errors when using a smartphone versus an operative microscope.
Fire Disaster Emergency Preparedness of Selected Markets in South-south Region of Nigeria
Authors: Okwuonu I. E. , Umeuduji J. E. , Okeah G. O. Chukwu 
Published: January 2022

Aim: The study assessed fire disaster emergency preparedness of selected markets in South-South Nigeria
Methodology: The study adopted survey research design and questionnaire for data collection among shop owner/space occupant across major markets in Rivers, Bayelsa and Cross-Rivers States. 384 respondents in form of shop/space occupants and owners in various markets were selected. The research hypothesis was analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC).
Results: There were disagreement about market carrying out fire hazard and risk assessment (76.6%), conducting vulnerability assessment towards fire hazard causal agents (71.9%), response unit are well-equipped for their activities (64.3%), space occupants are drill towards fire hazard response (62.5%) and generally prepared towards fire disaster (72.1%). The factors limiting the practice of fire disaster preparedness were literacy level (24.7%), lack of resources (20.8%), reliance on market association (16.7%) and religious believe (16.4%). Majority of respondents indicated that the way forward is through involvement of other agencies (37.5%) and public enlightenment (27.3%). Preparedness practices such as “vulnerability assessment to identify causes of fire disaster and emergency response unit that respond to fire disaster”, showed moderate correlation and significant (where r = 0.420, 0.394, and p = 0.000, 0.000) to fire outbreak in the market. Practice such as “emergency response unit uses the necessary equipment to contain fire outbreak from causing havoc, market engaged shop owners in preparedness practices”, showed weak correlation and significant (where r = 0.394, 0.297, 0.250, 0.172, 0.158 and p = 0.000, 0.000) while “information about fire disaster is communicated to marketers” showed no correlation and not significant (where r = -0.057 and p= 0.262).
Conclusion: there are limited fire disaster preparedness activities across the markets places; hence, the need for collaboration among stakeholders to review various rules and regulation guiding the establishment of market places.
Antifungal Potential of Some Nigerian Indigenous Plants: A Remedy for Candidiasis
Authors: Aboh Mercy I. , Yakubu Japhet G. , U. Eze Jude , Khalid-Salako Fahd , Oladosu Peters O. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Invasive candidiasis has been recognized as a major cause of mortality and morbidity in hospital settings across the globe. Aside from C. albicans, other Candida species (C. glabarata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis) associated with invasive candidiasis have been reported as a public health challenge.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activities of extracts of some indigenous plants using the agar disc diffusion method.
Methods: Fresh samples of the plant parts were collected, identified, air dried, pulverized and extracted using standard methods. The extracts were screened against clinical isolates of C. albicans, C. glabarata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis using agar disc diffusion method.
Results: All plant extracts exhibited varying inhibition zones ranging from 8.0 - 24.0 mm against the tested isolates. Fractions of Acalypha wilkesiana Macrophylla (AWRF5) showed the lowest activities against all the test isolates with zones of inhibition ranging from 10.0-13.0 mm while AWRF6 fraction of the same plant demonstrated highest antifungal activities against all the test isolates with zones of inhibition ranging from 14.0-24 mm followed by fractions of Acalypha wilkesiana Hoffmanii (AWGF6), which demonstrated high (14.0 - 20.0 mm) antifungal activities.
Conclusion: The Plants understudied possessed antifungal potentials and can serve as lead in the development of phytomedicines to combat candidiasis decrease medical as well as financial burden, hence improving the management of cirrhotic patients. These predictors, however, need further work to validate reliability.
Cognitive Impairment within Patients of Schizophrenia and Mood Disorder: A Comparative Study
Authors: Patil Swaroopa V. Lunge , Behere Prakash B. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Memory dysfunction, deficits in attention and executive functions as well impairment in cognition is found among patient suffering from Schizophrenia and Mood Disorder throughout the course of illness. All these significantly impact various domains of life in them. It also affects the patient’s insight into the illness and thus impairs therapeutic compliance.
Objectives:

To evaluate Cognitive functions in patients with Schizophrenia and Mood Disorder.
To compare both groups to see whether cognitive dysfunction varies between them.

Methodology:
Study Design: Cross-sectional study which is Hospital-based.
Study-Setting: The IPD and OPD of Psychiatry Department, AVBRH, Sawangi (M), Wardha.
Sample Size: 240 (120 patients with Schizophrenia and Mood Disorder each).
Patients clinically diagnosed having Schizophrenia and Mood disorder using ICD-10 criteria of age group 18-55 years, with at least 8 years of schooling will be included in the study after taking written informed consents. After collecting socio-demographic data and screening the patients with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the PGI Battery of Brain Dysfunction will be applied to the patients.
Results: This study will assess of impairment of Cognitive functions Schizophrenia as well as Mood Disorder patients would tell whether the cognitive impairment is the same or different in both groups.
Conclusion: Comparison of impairment in cognitive functions in Schizophrenia as well as Mood Disorder patients would be done. Co-relation of Cognitive impairment with Metabolic syndrome in both groups can be established.
An Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) towards Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Rao M. Varaprasanna , Yugaprasanth T. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine metabolic disorder whereas Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of diabetes. Diabetes occurs due to defect in insulin secretion, action, or both which in turn leads to chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism and is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs (eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels). DR is a progressive alteration in the microvasculature that lead to retinal ischemia, altered retinal permeability, neovascularisation, macular edema.
Methods and Materials: It was a prospective cross-sectional study, which was carried out over a period of 6 months (December-2020 to May-2021). The knowledge, attitude and practice were assessed in diabetic patients on diabetes and diabetic retinopathy by using questionnaires. A total of 362 diabetic patients are included in this study. The completed questionnaires were collected and analysed using SPSS software (version 19) and results were expressed in percentages.
Results and Discussion: In the study, majority of the patient were male and in the age group of 46-55 years. Patients had good knowledge on diabetes when compared to diabetic retinopathy, positive attitude was seen towards diabetes than diabetic retinopathy and good practice patterns were observed in diabetes retinopathy than diabetes.
Conclusion: Our study concluded that the patients had good knowledge on about diabetes and a very poor knowledge on diabetic retinopathy. Positive attitude was seen in diabetes than diabetic retinopathy where as good practice patterns was seen in diabetic retinopathy than diabetes patients.
A method for time‐independent film dosimetry: Can we obtain accurate patient‐specific QA results at any time postirradiation?
Authors: Dunn Leon , Godwin Guy , Hellyer James , Xu Xiaolei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was twofold. (1) To investigate and present a comparison between EBT3 and EBT‐XD in terms of postirradiation color changes. (2) Create an automated workflow to allow radiochromic film (EBT3/XD) to be scanned and converted to dose accurately at any postirradiation time.Materials and MethodsTen GafChromic EBT‐XD calibration films were exposed in 2 Gy increments up to 18 Gy. Calibrates were then scanned at 5‐min intervals postirradiation over 24 h using an AutoHotKey script, resulting in 288 TIFF images. Following the 24‐h scanning period, a MATLAB script was used to automatically read the tiff images and create a series of 288 calibration curves distinct in time which is termed as the “Temporal Calibration Model” (TCM). The model is saved as a series of polynomial fit coefficients to net optical density as a function of dose, timestamped in 5‐min increments. Ten patient‐specific film measurements (5 × EBT‐XD and 5 × EBT3) were then carried out and scanned using the same 5‐min scan intervals from 5 min postirradiation to 24 h postirradiation. The TCM was then automatically applied using eFilmQA software to convert the patient‐specific QA films to dose by applying the relevant calibration curve from the TCM, corresponding to the arbitrary postirradiation time that the film was scanned. Each dose plane at postirradiation scan intervals of 5 min up to 20 h was then compared to the ground‐truth dose plane using gamma analysis.ResultsGamma pass rates using the TCM at time t, normalized to the pass rate after 20 h postirradiation, were found to have a maximum coefficient of variation of 3% over any postirradiation time. Conversely, not using the TCM resulted in coefficients of variation of up to 39%. Clinical implementation of this method showed an average accuracy of 2.8% when comparing the clinical result to the TCM result.ConclusionsWe have developed a methodology that allows radiochromic film to be accurately used as a dosimeter at any arbitrary scan postirradiation time, whereas previously, waiting periods of 16–24 h before readout were needed to ensure the postirradiation changes had stabilized. The creation of a TCM can enable results from radiochromic film measurements to be obtained quickly postirradiation. Using a conventional single calibration curve generated at 20 h postirradiation can result in gamma pass‐rate difference of up to 75% for measurement films scanned at a much shorter postirradiation time.
Site‐Engineered Tetragonal ZrO2 Nanoparticles: A Promising Oxygen Reduction Catalyst with High Activity and Chemical Stability in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Veettil Vineesh Thazhe , Mohankumar Meera , Zitoun David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPractical implementation of anion exchange membrane fuel cells mainly relies on the choice of highly active and stable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. Transition metal oxides based on Group 4 and 5 are well known for their chemical stability and corrosion‐resistance and they are earth‐abundant too. Among them, zirconia (ZrO2) has exceptional chemical stability, but its poor conductivity and less active sites hinder the application of zirconia‐based materials toward ORR. In order to bring out the best activity from ZrO2, careful site engineering without losing the phase purity and chemical stability is essential. In this context, nitrogen doping on tetragonal zirconia (t‐ZrO2) as a viable method to obtain a highly active ORR catalyst is adopted. The temperature for the phase pure synthesis of t‐ZrO2 is optimized by crystallographic study. The nitrogen doping in the zirconia lattice is confirmed by various microscopy and spectroscopy analysis. The N doped tetragonal zirconia nanoparticles on N doped carbon (N:ZrO2–NC) show much improved ORR activity than pristine zirconia counterparts in terms of onset potential, current density, and 4e_ selectivity in alkaline medium. The ORR activity of N:ZrO2‐NC is approaching the one of Pt/C with excellent chemical and electrochemical stability.
Ferromagnetic Double Perovskite Semiconductors with Tunable Properties
Authors: Jin Lun , Ni Danrui , Gui Xin , Straus Daniel B. , Zhang Qiang , Cava Robert J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe authors successfully dope the magnetically silent double perovskite semiconductor Sr2GaSbO6 to induce ferromagnetism and tune its bandgap, with Ga3+ partially substituted by the magnetic trivalent cation Mn3+, in a rigid cation ordering with Sb5+. The new ferromagnetic semiconducting Sr2Ga1−xMnxSbO6 double perovskite, which crystallizes in tetragonal symmetry (space group I4/m) and has tunable ferromagnetic ordering temperature and bandgap, suggests that magnetic ion doping of double perovskites is a productive avenue toward obtaining materials for application in next‐generation oxide‐based spintronic devices.
Atomic Chromium Coordinated Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Bioinspired Antibiofouling in Seawater
Authors: Luo Qiang , Li Yilan , Huo Xiaobing , Li Linqian , Song Yinqiao , Chen Shipeng , Lin Hong , Wang Ning 
Published: January 2022

AbstractArtificial nanozymes exerting enzyme functionality are recognized as promising alternatives of natural enzymes in biomimetic chemistry. Natural haloperoxidases that utilize hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to catalytically convert halide into strong biocidal hypohalous acid hold great promise for thwarting biofouling, while their practical application remains highly questionable as instability of natural enzymes and inadequate H2O2. Herein a semiconducting nanozyme consisting of chromium single atoms coordinated on carbon nitride (Cr‐SA‐CN) that performs bifunctional roles of nonsacrificial H2O2 photosynthesis and haloperoxidase‐mimicking activity for antibiofouling is constructed. Such nanozyme is capable of generating H2O2 from water and O2 upon visible‐light illumination, and then sustainably self‐supplying H2O2 for haloperoxidase‐mimicking reaction in a sequential manner. This dual‐activity Cr‐SA‐CN overcomes H2O2 dilemma and yields hypobromous acid continuously, inducing remarkable bactericidal capability. When used as an eco‐friendly coating additive, it is successfully demonstrated that Cr‐SA‐CN enables an inert surface against marine biofouling. Thereby, this study not only illustrates an attractive strategy for antibiofouling but also opens an avenue to construct valuable nanoplatform with multifunctionality for future applications.
A Comparison of Immobilised Triphenylphosphine and 1‐Hydroxybenzotriazole as Mediators of Catch‐and‐Release Acylation Under Flow Conditions
Authors: Tadros Joseph , Dankers Christian , Jurisinec Ashley , Menti‐Platten Maria , Aldrich‐Wright Janice R. , Gordon Christopher P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDescribed herein is a comparative study of immobilised triphenylphosphine (PS‐PPh3) and 1‐hydroxybenzotriazole (PS‐HOBt) to mediate amide couplings under continuous flow. Compared to Appel‐type amidations (PS‐PPh3), the developed ‘catch‐and‐release’ approach (PS‐HOBt) afforded near‐quantitative amide conversions. Utilising this strategy, sulfonyl chloride amenability enabled facile access to an expanded library of sulfonate and sulfonamides. Post‐constructional peptide modification was also demonstrated, affording two Nβ‐functionalised pentapeptides in high yields and purities. In contrast to frequently utilised coupling agents, the PS‐HOBt resin could be recycled six times without a reduction in efficacy or regeneration requirements.
Study on luminescence properties of Ce3+ and Eu3+ ions in a nanocrystalline hexagonal Zn4Al22O37 novel system
Authors: Bobade Dinesh S. , Parauha Yatish R. , Dhoble Sanjay J. , Undre Prabhakar B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present communication is strongly focused on the investigation of synthesis, structural and luminescence properties of cerium (Ce3+)‐ and europium (Eu3+)‐activated Zn4Al22O37 phosphors. Ce3+‐ and Eu3+‐doped Zn4Al22O37 novel phosphors were prepared using a solution combustion synthesis route. Structural properties were studied using powder X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution transverse electron microscopy. The optical properties were studied using ultraviolet–visible light spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; luminescence properties were studied using a photoluminescence (PL) technique. The crystal structure of the prepared Zn4Al22O37 host and Ce3+‐ and Eu3+‐activated Zn4Al22O37 phosphors was investigated and was found to have a hexagonal structure. The measured PL emission spectrum of the Ce3+‐doped Zn4Al22O37 phosphor showed an intense and broad emission band centred at 421 nm under a 298 nm excitation wavelength. By contrast, the Eu3+‐doped Zn4Al22O37 phosphor exhibited two strong and intense emission bands at approximately 594 nm (orange) and 614 nm (red), which were monitored under 395 nm excitation. The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) colour coordinates of the Ce3+‐doped Zn4Al22O37 were investigated and found to be x = 0.1567, y = 0.0637 (blue) at 421 nm and for Eu3+‐doped Zn4Al22O37 were x = 0.6018, y = 0.3976 (orange) at 594 nm and x = 0.6779, y = 0.3219 (red) at 614 nm emission. The luminescence behaviour of the synthesized phosphors suggested that these phosphors may be used in lighting applications.
Fatal air embolism: A grave complication during diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy
Authors: Bilali Sokol , Bilali Valbona , Saraci Blerina , Zekja Ilirjana , Nina Helidon 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFlexible fiber‐optic bronchoscopy is used to determine diagnoses in pulmonary diseases. It is considered as a safe procedure, although some complications might occur, one of which is cerebral air embolism. In this case, we present the air embolism after the bronchoscopy procedure, ending in fatality. We strongly recommend that bronchoscopists should keep this complication in mind and be aware of early symptoms pertaining to the patient's state of consciousness during bronchoscopy examination. Early treatment is essential in this situation.