bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of an astrocyte‐like cell line from the brain of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for virus pathogenesis and a vitro model of the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Li Yuan , Huang Yu , Cai Jia , Jiang Dongneng , Jian Ji‐chang , Lu Yi‐shan , Wang Bei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new cell line was established from the brain of a cultured fish, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), designated as TA‐02 (Tilapia Astrocyte clone 02 cell line). The TA‐02 cells are grown for 300 days in an L‐15 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). This cell line showed excellent proliferative capacity and expressed various neuroglial cell markers, including SOX2, SOX10, Hes1, Notch1, Occludin, E‐cadherin, and GFAP. In addition, TA‐02 cells were susceptible to Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) as demonstrated by the presence of a severe cytopathic effect (CPE), virus particle in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and PCR positive signal. Bacterial cytotoxicity studies showed that Streptococcus agalactiae was toxic to TA‐02 cells. When co‐culture with trans‐well, TA‐02 exhibited prominent barrier properties, manifested by tight intercellular junctions and increased trans‐endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). In addition, the barrier is effective against Escherichia coli (non‐meningitis pathogenic bacteria). In contrast, S. agalactiae (meningitis pathogenic bacteria) can pass through the membrane comprising the cells in the trans‐well insert. The newly established TA‐02 cell line provided a valuable tool for virus pathogenesis and a vitro model of the fish blood–brain barrier.
Capital depreciation allowances, redistributive taxation, and economic growth
Authors: Rehme Günther 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAre capital depreciation allowances when coupled with capital income taxes good instruments for redistribution in the long run? In a simple two‐agent‐economy I find that accelerated depreciation is good for growth, but bad for redistribution. The opposite holds for capital income taxes. However, in a feedback Stackelberg equilibrium, where the government is the leader and the private sector the follower, the depreciation allowance is maximal in the long run, time‐consistent optimum. This removes the accumulation distortion of capital income taxes. Furthermore, the latter, and so redistribution, is found to be generically nonzero in the time‐consistent optimum, and depends on the social weight of transfers receivers, the pretax factor income distribution, the intertemporal elasticity of substitution and the time preference rate. Thus, accelerated depreciation allowances are an important indirect tool for redistribution. The tax scheme allows for a separation of “efficiency” and “equity” concerns for redistributive policies.
A Newly Designed “SkyWalker” Robot Applied in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study for Femoral Rotational Alignment Restoration
Authors: He Rui , Sun Mao‐lin , Xiong Ran , Yang Peng‐fei , Lei Kai , Liu Li‐ming , Yang Liu , Guo Lin 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThis study explored whether robotic arm‐assisted total knee arthroplasty (RATKA) has the advantage of restoring femoral rotational alignment compared to conventional total knee arthroplasty (COTKA).MethodsSixty patients (45 women and 15 men) attending our department from May 2019 to December 2020 were selected and divided into two groups, with 30 patients in each group, according to whether they underwent COTKA or RATKA. Femoral rotational alignment results, such as, posterior condylar angle (PCA), patella transverse axis‐femoral transepicondylar axis angle (PFA), radiological findings, such as, hip‐knee‐ankle angle (HKA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and operative data (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, tourniquet time, and length of stay (LOS), and clinical outcomes, such as maximum knee flexion angle (MKFA), Knee Society Score (KSS), and Western Ontario Mac Master University Index Score (WOMAC) were compared within and between the two groups.ResultsPCA and PFA in the RATKA group were (0.6 ± 0.3)° and (0.9 ± 0.3)°, respectively, which were smaller than (1.5 ± 2.0)° and (3.1 ± 1.1)° in the COTKA group (P < 0.05), and were closer to 0°; the differences in HKA, LDFA, and MPTA were not statistically significant. With the exception of the LDFA, the HKA, MPTA, PCA, and PFA improved in both groups after surgery (P < 0.05). The blood loss and the LOS of RATKA group were 192.3 ± 23.1 mL and 8.2 ± 1.4 days, which were less than 203.7 ± 29.8 mL and 9.3 ± 1.1 days of the COTKA group, but the operation time showed no statistically significant difference, and the tourniquet time was longer (P < 0.05). The MKFA in the RATKA group was (123.0 ± 3.7)°, which was greater than (116.3 ± 4.6)° in the COTKA group (P < 0.05). In terms of scores, the postoperative results were better than the preoperative results in both groups (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups.ConclusionThe accuracy of femoral rotational alignment reconstructed achieved by RATKA is significantly better than that of COTKA and is more conducive to the recovery of knee flexion function after surgery; although RATKA reduces intraoperative blood loss and postoperative LOS, the short‐term clinical efficacy comparison has not yet demonstrated the advantages of robotic technology, and a more optimized design is needed to improve the efficiency of RATKA surgery.
Sensitization symptoms are associated with psychological and cognitive variables in COVID‐19 survivors exhibiting post‐COVID pain
Authors: Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas César , Parás‐Bravo Paula , Ferrer‐Pargada Diego , Cancela‐Cilleruelo Ignacio , Rodríguez‐Jiménez Jorge , Nijs Jo , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Herrero‐Montes Manuel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between demographic, clinical, psychological, cognitive, and health‐related variables and the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) in previously hospitalized COVID‐19 survivors exhibiting “de novo” post‐COVID pain.MethodsSeventy‐seven (n = 77) COVID‐19 survivors with “de novo” post‐COVID pain completed demographic (age, height, and weight), clinical (duration and intensity of the pain), psychological (depressive/anxiety levels and sleep quality), cognitive (catastrophizing and kinesiophobia levels), and health‐related quality of life variables as well as the CSI. A multivariable correlation analysis was conducted to determine the association between variables, and a stepwise multiple linear regression model was performed to identify CSI predictors.ResultsPatients were assessed a mean of 6.0 (SD 0.8) months after hospital discharge. Twenty‐six (33.7%) individuals showed indications of sensitization‐associated symptoms (CSI score ≥40 points). The CSI score was positively associated with pain intensity (r: 0.371), anxiety (r: 0.784), depressive (r: 0.709), catastrophizing (r: 0.620), and kinesiophobia (r: 0.359) levels (all, p < 0.001). The stepwise regression analysis revealed that 60.2% of CSI was explained by anxiety levels and pain intensity.ConclusionThis study found that psychological and cognitive variables were associated with the CSI score in previously hospitalized COVID‐19 survivors with “de novo” post‐COVID pain. Anxiety levels and the intensity of pain symptoms were independently associated with CSI score suggesting a significant overlap with psychological construct. The “de novo” post‐COVID pain association with CSI may indicate changes in the pain processing important for managing the pain.
Sm‐Nd isochron age and Sr‐Nd isotopes of the calcite from the Nibao gold deposit in the Youjiang Basin, SW China
Authors: Ji Xingzhong , Bagas Leon , Han Zhonghua , Liu Wengang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Youjiang Basin in SW China is the second‐largest Carlin‐like goldfield in the world after Nevada, USA. However, the age and the hydrothermal origin of the gold mineralization are still in controversy, which leads to ambiguities in understanding the geodynamic setting and genetic mechanism of the gold deposition. Nibao is a large, stratabound, and fault‐controlled Carlin‐type gold deposit in the north of the Youjiang Basin. Three ore stages have been recognized in the evolution of the mineralizing hydrothermal fluid, with the stages being characterized by assemblages of the early quartz–porous pyrite, the main quartz–calcite‐apatite–sericite–pyrite–arsenopyrite‐gold, and the late quartz–calcite–fluorite–realgar–orpiment–stibnite. Calcite veins from the main and late ore stage at Nibao are enriched in middle rare earth elements, which is a distinctive characteristic of hydrothermal calcite veins associated with low‐temperature hydrothermal Au‐Sb deposits in the Youjiang Basin, and yield a Sm‐Nd isochron age of 138 ± 1 Ma. The vast majority of the ore stage calcite samples have narrow 87Sr/86Sr ratios and εNd(t) values ranging from 0.708119 to 0.708423 and − 1.1–−3.3, respectively, indicating that the gold‐bearing hydrothermal fluid could be derived from the mixing of mantle and crustal materials. Therefore, we proposed that the gold mineralization during the Early Cretaceous in the Youjiang Basin was triggered by the large‐scale lithosphere extension following the retreat of the subducted Paleo‐Pacific oceanic crust, and the hydrothermal fluid could be originated from the mantle and underwent the contamination of Yangtze upper continental crust.
Digital mapping of soil texture classes for efficient land management in the Piedmont plain of Iran
Authors: Keshavarzi Ali , del Árbol Miguel Ángel Sánchez , Kaya Fuat , Gyasi‐Agyei Yeboah , Rodrigo‐Comino Jesús 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccurate prediction of digital soil maps allows for the evaluation of larger areas with respect to the design of efficient land management plans at the regional scale. Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for high spatial resolution‐gridded soil data for crop planning and management because it saves time and costs. One of the most essential soil physical properties affecting water holding capacity, nutrient availability and crop growth is soil texture. It exhibits a high spatial variability, but accurate maps for larger scales are lacking. The aim of this research was to produce gridded maps of soil texture fractions (clay, silt and sand) using regression‐based approaches and to establish soil texture classes using classification‐based techniques for the semi‐arid Piedmont plain of Iran. To this end, a digital elevation model and derived topographic indices, vegetation and soil‐based indices generated from 4‐year timeseries of remote sensing products of Landsat 8 OLI were used as covariates. The decision tree (linear) and its improved version of random forest (nonlinear) algorithms were used for both the regression and classification analysis. For both algorithms, the topography‐based indices and remotely sensed products were the most important predictors for the soil particle fractions. For the estimation of the different textural classes with multiple algorithms, we recorded a moderate overall accuracy rate of 54% and a Kappa coefficient of 17% for the validation datasets. It was observed that the nonlinear classification method of the random forest was more effective, and this was also the case for the regression modelling. In general, the random forest algorithm produced a more useful gridded map to help to design regional management plans based on soil properties.
Evaporation Characteristics of Lubricant/Gasoline Blending Oil Film Under Different Thermal Radiations
Authors: Meng Shun , Wang Shu , Qian Yejian , Tao Changfa , Li Zhaoyuan , Hua Yang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The evaporation and pro-ignition characteristics of the lubricating oil blending in the cylinder can bring a super knock for the high-efficiency gasoline engine. The evaporation characteristics of the lubricant/gasoline blending oil film were investigated experimentally under different thermal radiative heat flux, film thickness, and carrier material in a radiation device. The blending ratios of lubricant/gasoline oil film changed from 0% to 15%. Three stages of the blending oil film evaporation process were observed according to the different evaporation rates, namely, transient heating, equilibrium evaporation, and evaporation gel. During the transient heating stage, with the increase of gasoline blending ratio, oil film thickness, and radiative heat flux, the evaporation rate increases, while the evaporation rate decreases in the equilibrium evaporation stage. The evaporation rates in transient heating stage and equilibrium evaporation stages are reasonably predicted by using the proposed relationship model.
Flow Around Curved Tandem Cylinders
Authors: Aasland Tale E. , Pettersen Bjørnar , Andersson Helge I. , Jiang Fengjian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The flow around curved tandem cylinders of equal diameter has been investigated for the first time, by means of direct numerical simulations. A convex configuration was used. The nominal gap ratio was L/D = 3.0 and a Reynolds number of 500 was chosen. Due to the change in effective gap ratio along the cylinder axis, there is a variation of tandem flow regimes, from alternating overshoot/reattachment, via stable reattachment, to co-shedding, in this case called gap shedding. The combination of reattachment and gap shedding gives near-zero drag and vertical forces for the downstream cylinder, whereas the corresponding forces on the upstream cylinder are comparable to single curved cylinders. Meanwhile, the opposite is true for the lift forces. A low-frequency variation of horizontal and vertical forces is seen, and this is attributed to a slow variation of the position where gap shedding commences. Finally, the concept of a critical angle is proposed to describe the transition to gap shedding, for a given combination of nominal gap ratio and Reynolds number.
Exploring complementary and competitive relations between non-communicable disease services and other health extension programme services in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Tesema Azeb Gebresilassie , Peiris David , Joshi Rohina , Abimbola Seye , Fentaye Fasil Walelign , Teklu Alula M , Kinfu Yohannes 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundEthiopia has recently revitalised its health extension programme (HEP) to address the rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We examined the effects of existing essential HEP services on the uptake of NCD preventive services.MethodsWe applied a mixed-effect non-linear model with a logit link function to identify factors associated with a community resident’s probability of receiving NCD prevention services through the HEP. The data were drawn from the Ethiopian HEP assessment Survey conducted in all regions. The analysis included 9680 community residents, 261 health extension workers (HEWs), 153 health posts, 119 health centres, 55 districts and 9 regions, which we combined hierarchically into a single database.ResultsIn the 12 months before the survey, 22% of the sample population reported receiving NCD preventive service at least once. The probability of receiving NCD prevention service increased by up to 25% (OR=1.25, CI 1.01 to 1.53) if health centres routinely gathered NCD data from health posts and by up to 48% (OR=.48, CI 1.24 to 1.78) if they provided general (ie, non-NCD specific) training to HEWs. NCD preventive service uptake also increased if the HEW held level IV qualification (OR=1.32, CI 1.06 to 1.65) and lived in the community (OR=1.24, CI 1.03 to 1.49). Conversely, if facilities delayed general performance reviews of HEWs by a month, uptake of NCD prevention services decreased by 6% (OR=0.94, CI 0.91 to 0.97). We observed that better HIV/AIDS programme performance was associated with a lower uptake of NCD preventive services (OR=0.15, CI 0.03 to 0.85).ConclusionDespite efforts to improve NCD services through the HEP, the coverage remains limited. A strong HEP is good for the uptake of NCD preventive services. However, integration requires a careful balance, so that the success already recorded for some existing programmes is not lost.
The global health workforce stock and distribution in 2020 and 2030: a threat to equity and ‘universal’ health coverage?
Authors: Boniol Mathieu , Kunjumen Teena , Nair Tapas Sadasivan , Siyam Amani , Campbell James , Diallo Khassoum 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveThe 2016 Global Strategy on Human Resources for Health: Workforce 2030 projected a global shortage of 18 million health workers by 2030. This article provides an assessment of the health workforce stock in 2020 and presents a revised estimate of the projected shortage by 2030.MethodsLatest data reported through WHO’s National Health Workforce Accounts (NHWA) were extracted to assess health workforce stock for 2020. Using a stock and flow model, projections were computed for the year 2030. The global health workforce shortage estimation was revised.ResultsIn 2020, the global workforce stock was 29.1 million nurses, 12.7 million medical doctors, 3.7 million pharmacists, 2.5 million dentists, 2.2 million midwives and 14.9 million additional occupations, tallying to 65.1 million health workers. It was not equitably distributed with a 6.5-fold difference in density between high-income and low-income countries. The projected health workforce size by 2030 is 84 million health workers. This represents an average growth of 29% from 2020 to 2030 which is faster than the population growth rate (9.7%). This reassessment presents a revised global health workforce shortage of 15 million health workers in 2020 decreasing to 10 million health workers by 2030 (a 33% decrease globally). WHO African and Eastern Mediterranean regions’ shortages are projected to decrease by only 7% and 15%, respectively.ConclusionsThe latest NHWA data show progress in the increasing size of the health workforce globally as more jobs are and will continue to be created in the health economy. It however masks considerable inequities, particularly in WHO African and Eastern Mediterranean regions, and alarmingly among the 47 countries on the WHO Support and Safeguards List. Progress should be acknowledged with caution considering the immeasurable impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health workers globally.
Association between sleep duration and hypertension in southwest China: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Chang Xiaoyu , Chen Xiaofang , Ji John S , Luo Guojin , Chen* Xiaofang , Sun Qiang , Zhang Ningmei , Guo Yu , Pei Pei , Li Liming , Chen Zhengming , Wu Xianping 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveHypertension is a major risk factor and cause of many non-communicable diseases in China. While there have been studies on various diet and lifestyle risk factors, we do not know whether sleep duration has an association to blood pressure in southwest China. This predictor is useful in low-resource rural settings. We examined the association between sleep duration and hypertension in southwest China.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was part of the baseline survey of a large ongoing prospective cohort study, the China Kadoorie Biobank. Participants were enrolled in 15 townships of Pengzhou city in Sichuan province during 2004–2008.Participants55 687 participants aged 30–79 years were included. Sleep duration was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire.Main outcome measuresHypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or prior physician-diagnosed hypertension in hospitals at the township (community) level or above.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension was 25.17%. The percentages of subjects with sleep durations of <6, 6, 7, 8 and ≥9 hours were 17.20%, 16.14%, 20.04%, 31.95% and 14.67%, respectively. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, the increased ORs of having hypertension were across those who reported ≥9 hours of sleep (men: 1.16, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.30; women: 1.19, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.32; general population: 1.17, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.26). The odds of hypertension was relatively flat until around 6.81 hours of sleep duration and then started to increase rapidly afterwards in subjects and a J-shaped pattern was observed. There was a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and hypertension in females.ConclusionLong sleep duration was significantly associated with hypertension and a J-shaped pattern was observed among rural adults in southwest China, independent of potential confounders. However, this association was not obvious between short sleep duration and hypertension.
β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate-enriched nutritional supplements for obese adults during weight loss: study protocol of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Jing Xiaofan , Liang Yuxiang , Wang Renjie , Fu Hongbo , Jiang Jiaojiao , Yang Ming 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionObesity is a public health challenge worldwide. To maintain a healthy weight, dieting and lifestyle changes are the first-line interventions; however, these interventions are of poor compliance and may cause body composition changes, mainly skeletal muscle wasting (sarcopenia). Dietary supplements for improving body composition while inducing weight loss are therefore needed. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been proven to be effective for improving muscle mass and muscle strength in athletes, older adults and patients with cancer. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HMB-enriched nutritional supplements for improving muscle mass and muscle function in obese adults during calorie restriction.Method and analysisA total of 72 Chinese adults with obesity will be randomised to receive HMB-enriched nutritional supplements (65 g/day) or a placebo for 12 weeks. Participants in both groups will also receive calorie restrictions based on the individualised nutrition guidance of dietitians. Participants and investigators will be blinded to the allocations. The primary outcome will be the mean change in whole-body skeletal muscle mass (measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis). The secondary outcomes will include the mean change of appendicular skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, basal metabolic rate, phase angle, muscle function and serum biomarkers. The enrolment will commence in December 2021 and will proceed until March 2022.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of West China Hospital (2021-771). All potential subjects will be required to sign a written informed consent. The results of this study will be reported in peer-reviewed academic journals and conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04953936.