bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putting the First Amendment in Play: Name, Image, and Likeness Policies and Athlete Freedom of Speech
Authors: Ehrlich Sam , Ternes Neal 
Published: March 2022

Following a unanimous defeat at the Supreme Court in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) v. Alston and facing an impending start date for various state laws that would force action on athletes’ ability to profit off their name, image, and likeness (NIL), the NCAA recently made the decision to simply allow states and member colleges and universities to promulgate NIL restrictions on their own. But while such a delegation helps the NCAA stave off relevant antitrust action against them, placing regulatory authority over college athlete endorsement and sponsorship deals in the hands of government actors like state legislators, governors, and public educational institutions brings constitutional analysis into play in a way that has not previously been seen in sports due to the wholly private natures of sports leagues and the NCAA.
Along these lines, this Article applies First Amendment jurisprudence to three recurring NIL restrictions imposed by states and schools: (1) restrictions on athlete deals that conflict with institutional endorsement deals; (2) restrictions on athlete deals with vice industries like gambling and alcohol; and (3) broad restrictions on deals that conflict with undefined “institutional values.” To do so, we apply several First Amendment doctrinal frameworks—those concerning commercial speech, student speech, public employee speech, and the overbreadth doctrine—to provide a range of different means by which courts may interpret how the rights of college athletes are affected by NIL policies. In the end, we find that the nature of these restrictions as overbroad prior restraints of free speech creates significant doubt as to the constitutionality of many of these restrictions under the First Amendment. We conclude that such restrictions in no uncertain form “present a ‘realistic danger’ [that these actors] could significantly compromise recognized First Amendment protections,” including the advanced protections for political speech.
Supporting and Retaining Early Career Mathematics Teachers Using an Online Community of Practice
Authors: Jakopovic Paula , Travis Weiland  , Maria Campitelli  , Lorraine Males  , Lisa Amick  
Published: March 2022

This study reports on efforts over several years to design and implement a yearlong intervention intended to support secondary mathematics teachers in their early years of teaching. The intervention is designed to retain early career mathematics teachers in the professions by engaging them in the development of meaningful professional relationships with a school-based mentors, and by creating an online community of practice for support with other professionals. The intervention itself consists of early career teachers and their mentors participating in monthly professional learning activities such as online meetings, videoconferencing panels with experts, and collaborative reading and discussing timely, purposeful, and relevant content. The intervention is designed to not over burden the participants and to be feasible for national implementation with little to no funding. This article presents the purpose, design, and implementations of the intervention, as well as a discussion of challenges faced and potential next steps and future directions for similar work.
PENGARUH PERSONAL SELLING AGEN DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN NASABAH ASURANSI SUN LIFE FINANCIAL SINGARAJA
Authors: Telagawathi Ni Luh Wayan Sayang Telagawathi , Yulianthini Ni Nyoman 
Published: March 2022

This research aims to examine the cause of (1) personal selling agent and product quality toward purchasing decision, (2) personal selling toward purchasing decision, (3) product quality toward purchasing decisions empirically. The design of this research is causal quantitative research design. One of the methods of data collection is questionnaire, which is analyzed by using multiple regression with classical assumption test. The result of the research shows that there are significant influence from (1) personal selling and product quality toward purchasing decision with contribution influence of 0,785 (2) personal selling toward purchasing decision with contribution influence of 0,445 and (3) product quality toward purchasing decision with contribution influence of 0,173 to the client of PT. Sun Life Financial
Promoting the Public Impact of General Education
Authors: Stone Russell 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The public impact of higher education is often associated with the research and engagement enterprises of an institution, but through its support of career readiness skills and high-impact learning experiences, general education also has the potential to impact an institution’s public communities and constituency. This article reflects on general education reform at a Carnege-R1 and Community Engagement, land-grant university during a period of significant change. In response to the national discussion of general education reform, our university implemented competency-based general education while state leadership articulated its own set of expected competencies for emerging, in-demand career fields. Focused on the learning experience of students to date, this study considered to what extent general education outcomes were integrated into degree programs and whether the university has leveraged on- and off-campus partnerships to support general education learning. The author concluded that five years after implementing a model of integrated learning with its degree-granting units, the university should consider these other potential partners as stakeholders in a learning experience that can be mutually beneficial in fulfilling the public responsibility of educating the state’s future employees.
A Relationalist Rethinking of Destructive Events
Authors: Levenson Maximilian 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to show how William James's thought can help to construct a critical approach to the conceptualization of unexpected destructive events and suggest modes of conceptualization that reduce social injustice. I draw on several interrelated themes in James's thought, including, but not limited to: metaphysical and moral relationalism, the tragedy of choice, and the psychology of selective attention (with particular emphasis on its consequences for ethical pluralism). Specifically, I argue that James provides resources for mounting a criticism of a kind of essentialist thinking about unexpected events; for showing how this essentialism can create social injustice by obfuscating social choices and causing marginalized groups to bear a disproportionate share of social costs; for helping to construct a pluralistic approach to unexpected events that makes transparent the tragic choices laying behind them; and for putting this approach to use in ways that mitigate social injustice.
“A Consort of the Spirits” or How to Cultivate Indigo, Conjured by Herself
Authors: Martin Kameelah L. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
This foreword is a personal essay in which I reflect on the other ways of knowing and the African spiritual cosmologies that were first introduced to me through Ntozake Shange’s novel Sassafrass, Cypress, & Indigo (1982). I walk readers through the quarter-century love affair I have had with black women writers and Shange, in particular. I share memories of my only meeting with the author and discuss the profound impact her novel has had on both my professional and spiritual journeys. The article engages in black narrative practices of multivocality, culture bearing, vernacular language, and conjuring moments. The testimony herein involves a powerful Ifá priestess who moonlights as an English professor, a creole-speaking ancestral spirit, and the deep cultural legacy of indigo (and Indigo). It is a story told in celebration and honor of Ntozake Shange’s creative, conjuring genius.
Immunological Changes of Hcv and Typhoid Fever Patient
Authors: Awsat Al-Furat Al- , Alwan Jabbar Afat , Saeed Zeayd Fadhil 
Published: March 2022

endeavors to appraise the sign of invigorated pointers CD4 and CD2 in patients tainted with HCV and evaluation of gamma - INF and IL-10 in serum positions in patients with intense HCV and intense typhoid fever	An aggregate of (100) seropositive patients for HCV and 100 seropositive for typhoid fever were evaluated for this investigation .Patients went to general lab., in view of stomach torment , jaundice and loss of hunger and other liver grumbling, any serum tests communicated positive for against HCV antibodies and widal test straightforwardly choosed to show level of gamma - INF and IL-10 in serum of patient and show articulation of CD4 and CD2 in blood of HCV patients and typhoid patients. Results showed that serum tests were examined for IL-10 and gamma - INF by ELISA , showed profoundly huge increments (p<0.001) in serum level of HCV and typhoid patients as contrasted and sound benchmark groups , Actuated markers study uncovered high articulation of CD4 and CD2 in HCV and typhoid patients as contrasted and solid typical gatherings.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU PADA SMA NEGERI I MERAPI TIMUR KABUPATEN LAHAT
Authors: Rudi Eduar  
Published: March 2022

Pendidikan merupakan salah satu faktor terpenting dalam rangka mewujudkan tujuan nasional, dalam terminologinya pendidikan adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya. Dalam konteks ini guru merupakan faktor kunci. Salah satu indikatornya adalah kebiasaannya untuk belajar dari pengalamannya diri sendiri guna meningkatkan kinerjanya dan kepuasan kerjanya. Untuk mencapai keberhasilan kerja, guru harus memiliki kompetensi dasar untuk melaksanakan tugasnya sebagai tenaga profesional. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan terhadap kinerja guru pada SMA Negeri I Merapi Timur Kabupaten Lahat, untuk mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja guru pada SMA Negeri I Merapi Timur Kabupaten Lahat dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan terhadap kinerja guru pada SMA Negeri I Merapi Kabupaten Lahat. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data seperti yang telah disajikan pada tabel diatas, persamaan regresi yang didapat adalah :. Berarti bila tanpa adanya variabel pendidikan (X1) dan lingkungan kerja (X2), maka mempunyai Kinerja guru sebesar 48,921 Untuk menguji hipotesa yang telah dirumuskan ditolak atau diterima digunakan alat analisa uji t-test dan diperoleh hasilnya : Untuk variabel X1 nilai t-tabel (0,05: 33 ) yaitu 1,960 dan t-hitung 0,806 dengan demikian nilai t-hitung < t-tabel ( t-hitung < t-tabel ). Sedangkan Untuk variabel X2 nilai t-tabel (0,05: 33 ) yaitu 1,960 dan t-hitung 2,870 dengan demikian nilai t-hitung > t-tabel ( t-hitung > t-tabel ).
TEACOLHER - o olhar multiprofissional para o Transtorno do Espectro Autista: relato de experiência
Authors: Vasconcelos Darah Koller , Alves Leão Giovanna , Fernandes Souza Karina Maria , Dos Santos e Silva Loene , Gomes Pinho Brunno 
Published: March 2022

Introdução: O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um distúrbio do neurodesenvolvimento, caracterizado por dificuldades na interação social e na comunicação em múltiplos contextos. Trata-se, historicamente, de tema estigmatizado e com pouca divulgação de informações, de maneira a afetar a qualidade de vida dessa população e também daqueles que convivem com ela. A campanha “TEAcolher: Autismo além do Abril Azul” teve como principal objetivo ampliar o debate e levantar discussões entre os estudantes de medicina e a comunidade externa a fim de fomentar debates e ampliar o olhar multiprofissional sobre o TEA. Relato: A campanha foi realizada durante o mês de abril com postagens informativas nas redes sociais, com a participação de profissionais atuantes na área, além de familiares e indivíduos com TEA. A finalização da campanha se deu por meio de uma roda de conversa virtual com uma médica e uma advogada especialistas na população com TEA. Discussão: A participação de uma equipe multiprofissional pôde agregar nas discussões da roda de conversa, bem como nas produções midiáticas disponibilizadas nas redes sociais. A palestra teve participação efetiva dos integrantes e os profissionais abordaram a temática de modo objetivo tendo um excelente feedback sobre o evento. Conclusão: A experiência ao executar a campanha foi positiva e efetiva, visto que teve um alcance significativo nas redes sociais, participação de um público engajado e de profissionais que fazem parte de uma equipe multiprofissional e que puderam debater e abordar informações relevantes acerca do tema, além da participação de familiares e protagonismo de indivíduos com TEA na conscientização acerca do espectro.
Comparison of Jacobson’s Progressive Relaxation Technique and Laura Mitchell’s Relaxation Technique on quality of life and sleep in COPD Patients.
Authors: Mujahid Hajra , Zia Wajeeha , Ali Anas , Ahmed Mohtishim , Saqib Muhammad Shamoos , Shahid Abdul Majid , Arshad Muhammad Umer 
Published: March 2022

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is progressive respiratory disease characterized by cough, sputum, and shortness of breath due to increased airway resistance. The prevalence rate for COPD is about 2.1% with population of age 40 years. Long term effects of different treatments lead to decrease the quality of life. Relaxation techniques are simple and improve the relaxation of whole body. Objective: The objective was to compare the effects of Jacobson’s and Laura Mitchell’s technique on the quality of life and sleep in COPD patients. Methods: It was a randomized clinical trial. Sample size of 68 was calculated by keeping 95% confidence internal and 0.05 margin of error. Patients were induced through convenient sampling technique and then allocated by simple randomization process by opaque sealed envelope into group A and Group B. Group A was treated with Laura Mitchell Relaxation Technique and group B was treated with Jacobson’s Progressive Relaxation Technique for 5 sessions per week for 2 weeks. Post treatment evaluation was done by assessing sleep quality through Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire and quality of life via St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. Results: Data analysis was done by using IBM-SPSS 25. Mean and Standard deviation of age and Body Mass Index (BMI) were as group A 40.13 + 5.06 years comparable to group B as 38.63 + 5.04 years. Body Mass Index (BMI) in group A was 23.86 + 4.139 kg/m2, and in group B was 23.80 + 4.130 kg/m2.It was determined that both methods of relaxation improved quality of life and sleep in COPD patients in which Laura Mitchell’s Relaxation Technique was clinically more significant as compared to Jacobson’s Progressive Relaxation Technique. Conclusion: It was concluded that both Laura Mitchell’s Relaxation Technique and Jacobson’s Progressive Relaxation Technique were effective on quality of life and sleep quality in COPD patients among stage 3 and stage 4 individuals. But Laura Mitchell’s Technique has greater clinical effects as compared to other technique.
Chemical Composition, Essential Oil Characterization and Antibacterial activity of Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum)
Authors: Iram Naila , Edwin Elishma Cedric 
Published: March 2022

Family apiaceae, an important source of bioactive compounds, used for the treatment of many diseases since ages. Objective: Present study was conducted to explore active components of Cuminum Cyminum essential oil. Endeavor of the current study was to investigate the phytochemical contents and antibacterial assessment of essential oil against gram positive and negative bacteria. Method: Essential oil was extracted from seeds by hydrodistillation, dried and stored at -4oC. physical and chemical characterization was done. Antibacterial activity was also determined. Results: GC-MS analysis revealed major components cuminal 35%, γ-terpinene 32%, α-terpinene-al 7%, γ-terpinene 4.45%, daucene 4.3%, and trans-caryophyllene 5.342%, some trace components like myrcene 0.12%, 1-8 cineole, and γ-terpinene-7-al were also present. Conclusion: Chemical components (cuminal, turpentine, daucene, caryophyllene) present in cumin essential oil is responsible for its biological activities.
Strength Measurement of Scapular Retractors In Female IT Workers Through Dynamometer
Authors: Hassan Areeba , Mehmood Anam , Niaz Mehwish , Aziz Rida , Tahir Hamza Tanzeel , Shehzadi Arifa 
Published: March 2022

It is very important for the proper position orientation and motion of shoulder that all the muscles should function properly whereas scapular muscles having the key role in the normal function and stability of upper extremity and Cervical spine. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to determine the scapular retractors strength in female IT workers. MATERIAL & METHODS: This was descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on females IT workers working at Arfa Karim Tower, Lahore. A sample of 35 IT workers were selected using nonprobability convenience sampling. After signing an informed consent each subject was assessed for strength of scapular retractors using handheld dynamometer. By using SPSS 22.0 we analyzed the provided data in which for the quantitative variables mean and standard deviation were used and for the qualitative data we use frequency and percentage. RESULTS: The mean strength of Rhomboids Major, Rhomboids Minor and trapezius middle fibers was 14.72 ± 2.91 lbs., 12.38 ± 2.62 lbs and 13.22 ± 3.43 lbs respectively. The average strength of scapular retractors of the dominating hand was 14.72 ± 2.91 lbs with a strength of ranging between10 lbs and17 lbs from minimum to maximum. The average strength of scapular retractors of the non-dominant hand was 12.38 ± 2.62 lbs with a minimum strength of 7 lbs and a maximum strength of 14 lbs. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the strength of Rhomboids Major, Rhomboids Minor and Trapezius middle fibers was lower in female IT workers.
Unravelling Ariadne’s thread: The European Ombudsman’s investigative powers
Authors: Tsadiras Alexandros 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
This article considers the investigative powers of the European Ombudsman. Despite the increasing intensity of focus and diversity of approach, issues pertaining to the Ombudsman?s investigative toolkit persistently remain a relatively under-explored subject of study in the relevant legal and political literature. The multitude and complexity of the doctrinal challenges and practical questions that these issues are capable of raising are highlighted by the Ombudsman?s current attempt to capitalize on his growing institutional stature and strengthen his investigative capacity.
The analysis begins by placing the discussion in its proper historical perspective and political context. The normative foundations of the Ombudsman?s investigative regime are then explored, and followed by an empirical examination of the Ombudsman?s investigative tools. An overall assessment of the emerging picture is then carried out and the inquiry concludes with some brief reflections.
An Important Part of the EU’s Institutional Machinery: Features, Problems and Perspectives of European Agencies
Authors: Chiti Edoardo 
Published: March 2022

This paper aims at contributing to the discussion on the overall assessment of European agencies and their possible developments. For this purpose, three main questions are tackled: (i) what are the European agencies’ distinguishing features that have emerged and consolidated in the almost two-decade long process of agencification in the EU legal order? (ii) how can such features be assessed and what problems do they raise? (iii) what perspectives can be envisaged in the development of the agencification process? The European agencies’ distinguishing features and the problems that they raise are considered by focusing on the main aspects in which the agencification process can be analysed: namely, the organizational architecture of European agencies; the powers conferred on them; the relationships between European agencies and national administrations; the “global dimension” of the administrative networks coordinated by European agencies; the mechanisms to keep European agencies under control; the legal limits of the establishment of new European agencies (and the Meroni doctrine).
As for the possible perspectives of the agencification process in the EU legal order, building upon current institutional debates and recent reform processes, two main possible lines of development are discussed: firstly, a substantial complication of the model, due to the gradual emergence, next to the European agencies of the type consolidated so far, of a “new type” of European agencies, which are independent vis-à-vis the market and EU political institutions, including the Commission; secondly, the expansion of agencification beyond the Commission’s sphere of influence and the establishment of European agencies serving European bodies other than the Commission.
Shortcomings in EU Data Protection in the Third and the Second Pillars. Can the Lisbon Treaty be Expected to help?
Authors: Hijmans Hielke , Scirocco Alfonso 
Published: March 2022

This article discusses the role of data protection in the area of police and judicial cooperation (“Third Pillar”), as well as that of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (“Second Pillar”). In other words, data protection in areas of activities of the State where there is significant increase in the importance of storage and exchange of information, and access to this information, as instruments for ensuring security.
The article demonstrates that the present arrangements for data protection are not fully satisfactory. It focuses in particular on the shortcomings of the framework for data protection related to the pillar structure of the EU Treaty. In the Third Pillar, there are a number of legislative instruments applying to different situations. Framework Decision 2008/977 is not more than a first step towards a general framework for data protection. In the Second Pillar, there is no general legal framework and there are no specific rules. Furthermore, the pillar structure itself leads to unsatisfactory solutions which the case law of the Court did not fully compensate.
The article then analyses to what extent the Lisbon Treaty provides instruments to address these shortcomings. The Lisbon Treaty offers the necessary means to ensure an effective system of data protection applicable to all areas of EU activity. Much will depend on the content and on the timing of the legislation that will eventually be adopted on the basis of the new Treaty, in particular under Article 16 TFEU.
Restrictions of competition by object under Article 101 TFEU
Authors: Bailey David 
Published: March 2022

This article discusses the concept of restriction of competition by object under Article 101(1) TFEU. It is argued that this concept is justified by a combination of economic consensus; practical experience; and policy judgment about the likelihood of harm to competition. The article discusses the criteria that are used by the EU Courts to identify object restrictions: the content of an agreement, its objectives and its surrounding context. The case law reveals a process of classification in which the EU Courts engage in a judgment as to how much the conduct deviates from the competitive norm. That judgment is frequently non-controversial, although the article discusses several recent cases in which the existence of an object restriction was strongly contested. The article analyses the relationship between object restrictions and respectively the analysis of effects on competition, the de minimis doctrine, and Article 101(3) TFEU. Classification as an object restriction entails a definitive finding as to a restriction of competition which, provided the other elements of Article 101(1) are met, can only escape prohibition by satisfying Article 101(3) TFEU.