bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the South Korean adolescents version of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support
Authors: Park Gahyun , Hwang Yujin , Kim Jeong Han , Lee Dong Hun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is an easy and brief instrument developed to assess individuals' perceptions of social support from three different sources (family, friend, and significant other). The MSPSS have been adapted to culturally diverse backgrounds, different age groups, and both clinical and nonclinical settings. This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the MSPSS on 968 Korean high school students (467 males and 501 females). Confirmatory factor analysis result confirmed the proposed three‐factor model. Cronbach's α coefficients indicated very good internal consistency for the scale as a whole and for the three subscales. Social support had a negative correlation with depression as well as anxiety symptoms and a positive correlation with ego‐resiliency as well as school adjustment, confirming the discriminant and convergent validity of the scale. Female adolescents reported significantly higher levels of perceived social support than male adolescents. In conclusion, the Korean version of the MSPSS is a reliable and valid measure of perceived social support for Korean adolescents.
Tracheostomies in term and preterm infants: A single‐center Canadian retrospective cohort
Authors: Wong Chung‐Kwun , Harris Lucy , Hicks Matthew , Majaesic Carina , Schellenberg Cathy , Kumaran Kumar , Law Brenda H. Y. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine patient characteristics, hospital course, and medical outcomes of neonatal tracheostomy at a single center.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingLevel III neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Edmonton, Canada.PatientsInfants admitted to NICU who underwent tracheostomy between January 2013 and December 2017 inclusive.Main outcome measuresHospital course, discharge, and 3‐year post‐tracheostomy outcomes were compared between preterm infants <29 weeks gestation and infants with congenital anomalies.ResultsForty‐three infants were identified; seven were lost to follow‐up and excluded. Of the 36 analyzed, 86% survived to discharge. At discharge, 13% were decannulated, 36% required no mechanical ventilation, and 52% required mechanical ventilation. Median hospitalization was 295 days. At 3 years post‐tracheostomy, 97% were alive. Proportions of infants with tracheostomy in situ was 80%, 73%, and 60% at 1, 2, and 3 years post tracheostomy. Tracheostomy incidence was 2.7% for preterm infants <29 weeks gestational age with 55% for subglottic stenosis. All preterm infants received postnatal steroids. Preterm infants underwent tracheostomy at later chronological age (123 vs. 81 days, p < 0.001), but similar corrected gestational age (42 + 5 vs. 51 + 2 weeks, p = 0.095). Preterm infants had more intubation attempts (17 vs. 4, p < 0.001), total extubations (8 vs. 2, p < 0.001), and days on ventilation before tracheostomy (100 vs. 78, p < 0.001).ConclusionsInfants who underwent tracheostomy in a Canadian public healthcare setting demonstrated decreasing tracheostomy dependence and high survival post tracheostomy, despite prolonged hospitalization. Preterm infants had more intubation and extubation events which may have contributed to airway injury.
Biological assessment of western USA sandy bottom rivers based on modeling historical and current fish and macroinvertebrate data
Authors: Hughes Robert M. , Zeigler Meredith , Stringer Shann , Linam Gordon W. , Flotemersch Joseph , Jessup Benjamin , Joseph Seva , Jacobi Gerald , Guevara Lynette , Cook Robert , Bradley Patricia , Barrios Kristopher 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBiological monitoring is important for assessing the ecological condition of surface waters. However, there are challenges in determining what constitutes reference conditions, what assemblages should be used as indicators, and how assemblage data should be converted into quantitative indicator scores. In this study, we developed and applied biological condition gradient (BCG) modeling to fish and macroinvertebrate data previously collected from large, sandy bottom southwestern USA rivers. Such rivers are particularly vulnerable to altered flow regimes resulting from dams, water withdrawals and climate change. We found that sensitive ubiquitous taxa for both fish and macroinvertebrates had been replaced by more tolerant taxa, but that the condition assessment ratings based on fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages differed. We conclude that the BCG models based on both macroinvertebrate and fish assemblage condition were useful for classifying the condition of southwestern USA sandy bottom rivers. However, our fish BCG model was slightly more sensitive than the macroinvertebrate model to anthropogenic disturbance, presumably because we had historical fish data, and because fish may be more sensitive to dams and altered flow regimes than are macroinvertebrates.
Synergism of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Nanoplates in Improving Underwater Sound Absorption Stability under High Pressure
Authors: Fu Yifeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderwater sound absorption materials with broadband and resistance to high pressure are crucial for noise control in the ocean. Herein a new method is presented to synergistically improve material's resistance to high pressure with broadband by hybridizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. The micro‐structure shows the geometrical synergy between the nanoplatelets (GNPs) and nanotubes (MWCNT‐COOH). Besides, GNPs also form junctions with air micro‐voids. The underwater acoustic tests reveal that, compared with equivalent nanocomposites containing only CNTs or GNPs, the hybridized materials show significantly better sound absorption performance with a high hydrostatic pressure increased from 0.4 MPa to 1.0 MPa at the frequency range of 1500 Hz to 7000 Hz. Therefore, the hybridization of one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) nano‐carbon materials provides a new route for increasing the underwater sound absorption performance at high hydrostatic pressure.
Synthesis of a Novel Water‐Soluble Graft Copolymer for Mineral Ore Beneficiation and for River Water Treatment towards Drinking Water Augmentation
Authors: Mehta Anurag , Aryan Ayush , Pandey Jay Prakash , Sen Gautam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this research paper we endeavor to publish our work on novel non acrylamide based flocculant which does not threat any acrylamide release and thus is inherently safer. A novel flocculant ‘Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride grafted Carboxymethyl Cellulose [CMC‐g‐P(DADMAC)]’ was synthesized by both conventional and microwave assisted method. Both the synthesis were optimized in terms of synthesis parameters. The various grades synthesized were characterized through standard characterization techniques such as Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformation Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Elemental analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis etc. Further, the various grades of the graft copolymers were optimized as flocculant by ‘standard Jar test’ and ‘Settling test’ protocols in river water, Kaolin, iron ore and coal fine suspension. The maximum flocculation efficacy achieved was 80.9 % (Kaolin suspension), 83.6 % (coal fine suspension), 79.5 % (Iron‐ore suspension) and 68.3 % (River water).
An Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor Based on a Pencil Graphite Electrode Modified with Naphthalenedimide/3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene Conjugated Polymer and Enriched with Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Tan Burcu , Baycan Fatma 
Published: January 2022

AbstractN,N′‐bis(2‐hexyl)‐2,6‐(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalenimide (ENDI) monomer was electropolymerized on pencil graphite electrode (PGE) and used as a biosensor for glucose immobilization for the first time. After electropolymerization of ENDI monomer on PGE (AuNPs/PENDI/PGE), the intensity of the current signal was improved by using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The immobilization of the glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme was carried out by using the cross‐linking reagent glutaraldehyde (GA) due to the strong π‐π* interaction of the poly‐ N,N′‐bis(2‐hexyl)‐2,6‐(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalenimide (PENDI) polymer. GOx/AuNPs/PENDI/PGE designed biosensor, was characterized by a wide linear glucose determination range between 0.0009–0.33 mM with a limit of detection of 0.0407 mM and a sensitivity of 0.172 μA/mMcm2. Herein we have shown that GOx/AuNPs/PENDI/PGE biosensor effectively provides the enzyme immobilization and very effective for glucose determination in commercial samples.
Theoretical and Experimental Approach to the Production of ZnO Nanoparticles by Controlled Precipitation Method in Methanol
Authors: Suarez Oscar J. , León‐Molina Helia B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSeveral works have demonstrated the utility of thermodynamics for understanding the formation process of ZnO in a specific ambient. In this work, equilibrium relations, mass balances and charge balances were used to derive chemical stability and predominance diagrams that allow relating the experimental observations of the synthesis of zinc oxide in methanol by the precipitation method to the expected product composition. The proposed equilibrium model considers the formation of zinc complexes with acetate (OAc−) and hydroxide (OH−) ions. Zinc oxide was also synthesized in similar conditions as those employed for calculations. The reaction monitoring was carried out by measuring pH and it was compared with the pH estimated using the model. Structural characterization of the product by X ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy was performed. The proposed model predicts the formation of zinc oxide as the only species in the solid state, which agrees with the experimental results.
Effects of n‐Propanol Co‐feeding in Isobutanol Synthesis from Syngas over K‐CuMgCe Catalyst
Authors: Li Hengjie , Chen Tong , Wang Gongying 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe influence of n‐propanol co‐feeding in isobutanol synthesis from syngas was investigated over K‐CuMgCe catalyst in a batch reactor. After the addition of n‐propanol, the selectivity of isobutanol increased significantly. Moreover, it was different from the traditional fixed bed after adding alcohol, which was negative or had no significant impact on CO conversion. The CO conversion was increased significantly after the addition of n‐propanol under the system conditions. It might be due to the back‐mixing in the slurry bed, which increased the residence time of intermediate species on the catalyst surface. The consumption of C1 species from syngas through aldol condensation led to a shift in methanol equilibrium and a significant increase in CO conversion. As the ratio of n‐propanol to CO increased, the reaction path changed from the aldol condensation of C1 species with n‐propanol to the self‐coupling of n‐propanol. CO conversion reached 63.5 % and isobutanol selectivity reached the maximum of 28.2 % within a tolerable range of byproducts for n n‐propanol/n CO=0.5. Excess of n‐propanol would reduce isobutanol yield and was not conducive to CO conversion.
Intermolecular and Intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts Acylation of Carboxylic Acids using Binary Ionic Liquids: An Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Nguyen Hai Truong , Le Nghia , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Pham‐Tran Nguyen‐Nguyen , Tran Phuong Hoang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTraditional Friedel‐Crafts acylation with acid halides suffers from waste byproducts such as SO2, HCl, and the hydrolysis of Lewis acid catalyst. Thus, the environmentally benign intermolecular and intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts acylation of arenes with carboxylic acids as acylating agents has been investigated using a mixture of deep eutectic solvent and an ionic liquid as reaction media under microwave irradiation. The Friedel‐Crafts acylations with carboxylic acids as acylating agents are challenging due to the low reactivity of carboxylic acids. In this paper, the desired products were obtained at moderate to good yields under microwave irradiation for a short reaction time. The Friedel‐Crafts cyclization of 4‐phenylbutyric acid is more effective than 3‐phenylpropionoic acid under the present method. The reaction mechanism is proposed by combining experiments with density functional theory calculations, highlighting the critical role of ZnCl2, triflate anion (CF3COO−) in binary ionic liquids, and acidic conditions in accomodating a kinetic accessible pathway making the C−C bond.
Preparation of High‐Strength and High‐Permeability EC/PI/MOF Mixed Matrix Membrane**
Authors: Zhang Yushu , Jia Hongge , Ma Wenqiang , Xu Shuangping , Li Shaobin , Qu Yanqing , Zhang Mingyu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGas separation technology is one of the difficulties in the chemistry and purification industry. To help solve this problem, we have prepared mixed matrix membranes containing Zr‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF), ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyimide (PI), and characterized them by FTIR, SEM and gas separation measures. The obtained mixed matrix membranes have good mechanical and thermal properties, the tensile strength of mixed matrix membranes improved by 5.44‐10.5 times compared to pure EC membrane. Especially, the mixed matrix membranes exhibited excellent CO2 permeability compared to pure EC and pure PI membranes. CO2 permeability of mixed matrix membrane contained 15 % MOF was 145.5 Barrer and the CO2/CH4 permselectivity was 11.95, which increased 2.21 times and 0.45 times compared to pure EC membrane. Comparison with 1991 and 2008 Robeson Upper Bound, the mixed matrix membranes were closer to the Robeson Upper Bound than pure EC membrane.
Correlating Electronic Properties of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes with Structure, and the Implications of Using Different Probes
Authors: Barnett Christopher , Harper Jason B. , Cole Marcus L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe σ‐donating and π‐accepting properties of a series of N‐methylimidazolium‐derived N‐heterocyclic carbenes, systematically altered at the 4,5‐positions, were determined using two NMR‐based probe techniques. The sterically slight methyl substituent provided reliable probe data, free from through‐space effects, and reliable measures of the electronic properties. Correlations with established electronic parameters for the substituents show that the electronic properties of carbenes, when extraneous effects are controlled for, are indeed predictable. These correlations were compared with earlier data which revealed a previously unrecognised systematic deviation for N‐aryl substituents.
Near‐Infrared Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Nanoparticle: A Metal‐Free Photosensitizer for Two‐Photon‐Activated Photodynamic Therapy at the Cell and Small Animal Levels
Authors: Fang Fang , Yuan Yi , Wan Yingpeng , Li Jing , Song Yueyue , Chen Wen‐Cheng , Zhao Dongxu , Chi Yun , Li Menglin , Lee Chun‐Sing , Zhang Jinfeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with extremely small singlet‐triplet energy offsets have opened new horizons for the development of metal‐free photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in recent years. However, the exploration of near‐infrared (NIR) TADF emitters for efficient two‐photon‐excited (TPE) PDT is still a formidable challenge, thus it has not been reported yet. In this study, purely organic photosensitizers (PSs) based on the TADF nanoparticles (NIR‐TADF NPs) are designed for efficient TPE‐PDT, which show excellent singlet oxygen generation ability. Thanks to the intrinsic two‐photon excitation and NIR emission characteristics, the NIR‐TADF NPs demonstrate promising potential in both single‐photon‐excited (SPE) and TPE NIR imaging. More importantly, the anti‐tumor efficiency and biosafety of TADF‐based PSs at the small animal level are confirmed in A549 tumor xenograft models under TPE laser irradiance, which will facilitate the practical biomedical applications of TADF materials. This work not only provides a promising strategy to develop metal‐free PSs, but also expands the applied scope of TADF‐based nanotherapeutics and advances their possible clinical translation in cancer therapy.
Fast Photostriction in Ferroelectrics
Authors: Liew Weng Heng , Chen Yunjie , Alexe Marin , Yao Kui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLight‐induced nonthermal strain, known as the photostrictive effect, offers a potential way to excite mechanical strain and acoustic wave remotely. The anisotropic photostrictive effect induced by the combination of bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) and converse piezoelectric effect in ferroelectric materials is known as too small and slow for the applications requiring a high strain rate, such as ultrasound generation and high‐speed signal transmission. Here, a strategy to achieve high rate dynamic photostrictive strain by utilizing local fast responses under modulating continuous light excitation in the resonance condition is reported. A strain rate of 8.06 × 10−3 s−1 is demonstrated under continuous light excitation, which is at least one order of magnitude higher than previous studies on bulk samples as seen in the literature. The significant photostrictive response exists even in depoled ferroelectric material without overall polarization. The theoretical analyses show that fast ferroelectric photostriction can be obtained through the combinational interaction mechanism of local BPVE and local converse piezoelectric effect existing only in the microscopic scale, thus circumventing the slow and low efficient BPVE charging up process across the macroscopic electrical terminals. The achieved fast photostriction and new understandings will open new opportunities to realize future wireless signal transmission and light‐acoustic devices.
Reduction‐Driven 3D to 2D Transformation of Cu Nanoparticles
Authors: Matte Lívia P. , Thill Alisson S. , Lobato Francielli O. , Novôa Matheus T. , Muniz André R. , Poletto Fernanda , Bernardi Fabiano 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe interaction between metal and metal oxides at the nanoscale is of uttermost importance in several fields, thus its enhancement is highly desirable. In catalysis, the performance of the nanoparticles is dependent on a wide range of properties, including its shape that is commonly considered stable during the catalytic reaction. In this study, highly reducible CeO2‐x nanoparticles are synthesized aiming to provide Cu/CeO2‐x nanoparticles, which are classically active catalysts for the CO oxidation reaction. It is observed that the Cu nanoparticles shape changes during reduction treatment (prior to the CO oxidation reaction) from a nearly spherical 3D to a planar 2D shape, then enhances the Cu–CeO2‐x interaction. The spread of the Cu nanoparticles over the CeO2‐x surface during the reduction treatment occurs due to the minimization of the total system energy. The shape change is accompanied by migration of O atoms from CeO2 surface to the border of the Cu nanoparticles and the change from the Cu0 to Cu+1 state. The spreading of the Cu nanoparticles influences on the reactivity results toward the CO oxidation reaction since it changes the local atomic order around Cu atoms. The results show a timely contribution for enhancing the interaction between metal and metal oxide.
Maternal cardiac function in twin pregnancy at 19–23 weeks' gestation
Authors: Nunez E. , Huluta I. , Gallardo Arozena M. , Wright A. , Nicolaides K. H. , Charakida M. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo compare maternal cardiovascular indices at 19–23 weeks' gestation between twin and singleton pregnancies and assess the impact of chorionicity on these parameters.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study in women with twin pregnancy attending for a hospital visit at 19 + 1 to 24 + 3 weeks' gestation. This visit included recording of maternal demographic characteristics and medical history and maternal cardiovascular assessment. In a previous study of 4795 women with singleton pregnancies at 19–23 weeks' gestation, multivariable linear regression models were fitted between the various cardiovascular indices and elements of maternal characteristics and medical history. In this study, we calculated multiples of the median (MoM) and delta values according to the singleton models and assessed the distributional properties of these MoM and delta values in twin as compared with singleton pregnancies.ResultsThe study population of 155 women with twin pregnancy included 86 dichorionic and 69 monochorionic cases. In general, there was a similar distribution of maternal cardiovascular indices in monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies. In both types of twin pregnancy, compared with singleton pregnancy, there was an increase in isovolumetric relaxation time, left atrial area and myocardial performance index, and a decrease in mitral valve E/A. Left ventricular mass indexed for body surface area and relative wall thickness were also increased in twin compared with singleton pregnancy. The magnitude of the increase in left atrial area was greater in dichorionic compared with monochorionic pregnancies. Additionally, mitral valve E was decreased and left atrial volume was increased in dichorionic but not in monochorionic pregnancies, while isovolumetric contraction time was increased in monochorionic but not in dichorionic pregnancies. Left ventricular myocardial deformation was similar between twin and singleton pregnancies.ConclusionsIn twin pregnancies at mid‐gestation, maternal systolic and diastolic function is reduced when compared with singletons. The patterns of cardiovascular adaptation are similar between monochorionic and dichorionic pregnancies and resemble those reported in uncomplicated singleton pregnancy later in gestation. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
PINTology: A short history of the lncRNA LINC‐PINT in different diseases
Authors: Bukhari Ihtisham , Khan Muhammad Riaz , Hussain Mohammed Amir , Thorne Rick Francis , Yu Yong , Zhang Bingyong , Zheng Pengyuan , Mi Yang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLINC‐PINT is a p53‐induced long intergenic noncoding transcript that plays a crucial role in many diseases, especially cancer. This long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) gene produces in total 102 (LNCipedia) alternatively spliced variants (LINC‐PINT:1 to LINC‐PINT:102). The functions of known variants include RNA transcripts, host transcripts for circular RNA (circRNA) generation and as sources for the translation of short peptides. In most human tumors, LINC‐PINT is down‐regulated where it serves as a tumor suppressor. However, the diversity of its functions in other maladies signifies its general clinical importance. Current LINC‐PINT molecular functions include RNA–protein interactions, miRNA sponging and epigenetic modulation with these mechanisms operating in different cellular contexts to exert effects on biological processes ranging from DNA damage responses, cell cycle and growth arrest, senescence, cell migration and invasion, and apoptosis. Genetic polymorphisms in LINC‐PINT have also been functionally associated with cancer and other pathologies including the autoimmune diseases pemphigus foliaceus and arthritis. Hence, LINC‐PINT shows great potential as a clinical biomarker, especially for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. In this review, we explore the current knowledge highlighting the distinctive molecular functions of LINC‐PINT in specific cancers and other disease states.This article is categorized under:
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease