bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological mechanisms of stress-induced evolution
Authors: Mojica Elizabeth A. , Kültz Dietmar 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Organisms mount the cellular stress response whenever environmental parameters exceed the range that is conducive to maintaining homeostasis. This response is critical for survival in emergency situations because it protects macromolecular integrity and, therefore, cell/organismal function. From an evolutionary perspective, the cellular stress response counteracts severe stress by accelerating adaptation via a process called stress-induced evolution. In this Review, we summarize five key physiological mechanisms of stress-induced evolution. Namely, these are stress-induced changes in: (1) mutation rates, (2) histone post-translational modifications, (3) DNA methylation, (4) chromoanagenesis and (5) transposable element activity. Through each of these mechanisms, organisms rapidly generate heritable phenotypes that may be adaptive, maladaptive or neutral in specific contexts. Regardless of their consequences to individual fitness, these mechanisms produce phenotypic variation at the population level. Because variation fuels natural selection, the physiological mechanisms of stress-induced evolution increase the likelihood that populations can avoid extirpation and instead adapt under the stress of new environmental conditions.
Scaling of fibre area and fibre glycogen concentration in the hindlimb musculature of monitor lizards: implications for locomotor performance with increasing body size
Authors: Cieri Robert L. , Dick Taylor J. M. , Morris Jeremy S. , Clemente Christofer J. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
A considerable biomechanical challenge faces larger terrestrial animals as the demands of body support scale with body mass (Mb), while muscle force capacity is proportional to muscle cross-sectional area, which scales with Mb2/3. How muscles adjust to this challenge might be best understood by examining varanids, which vary by five orders of magnitude in size without substantial changes in posture or body proportions. Muscle mass, fascicle length and physiological cross-sectional area all scale with positive allometry, but it remains unclear, however, how muscles become larger in this clade. Do larger varanids have more muscle fibres, or does individual fibre cross-sectional area (fCSA) increase? It is also unknown if larger animals compensate by increasing the proportion of fast-twitch (higher glycogen concentration) fibres, which can produce higher force per unit area than slow-twitch fibres. We investigated muscle fibre area and glycogen concentration in hindlimb muscles from varanids ranging from 105 g to 40,000 g. We found that fCSA increased with modest positive scaling against body mass (Mb0.197) among all our samples, and ∝Mb0.278 among a subset of our data consisting of never-frozen samples only. The proportion of low-glycogen fibres decreased significantly in some muscles but not others. We compared our results with the scaling of fCSA in different groups. Considering species means, fCSA scaled more steeply in invertebrates (∝Mb0.575), fish (∝Mb0.347) and other reptiles (∝Mb0.308) compared with varanids (∝Mb0.267), which had a slightly higher scaling exponent than birds (∝Mb0.134) and mammals (∝Mb0.122). This suggests that, while fCSA generally increases with body size, the extent of this scaling is taxon specific, and may relate to broad differences in locomotor function, metabolism and habitat between different clades.
A quantitative genetics perspective on the body-mass scaling of metabolic rate
Authors: Careau Vincent , Glazier Douglas S. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Widely observed allometric scaling (log–log slope&lt;1) of metabolic rate (MR) with body mass (BM) in animals has been frequently explained using functional mechanisms, but rarely studied from the perspective of multivariate quantitative genetics. This is unfortunate, given that the additive genetic slope (bA) of the MR–BM relationship represents the orientation of the ‘line of least genetic resistance’ along which MR and BM may most likely evolve. Here, we calculated bA in eight species. Although most bA values were within the range of metabolic scaling exponents reported in the literature, uncertainty of each bA estimate was large (only one bA was significantly lower than 3/4 and none were significantly different from 2/3). Overall, the weighted average for bA (0.667±0.098 95% CI) is consistent with the frequent observation that metabolic scaling exponents are negatively allometric in animals (b&lt;1). Although bA was significantly positively correlated with the phenotypic scaling exponent (bP) across the sampled species, bP was usually lower than bA, as reflected in a (non-significantly) lower weighted average for bP (0.596±0.100). This apparent discrepancy between bA and bP resulted from relatively shallow MR–BM scaling of the residuals [weighted average residual scaling exponent (be)=0.503±0.128], suggesting regression dilution (owing to measurement error and within-individual variance) causing a downward bias in bP. Our study shows how the quantification of the genetic scaling exponent informs us about potential constraints on the correlated evolution of MR and BM, and by doing so has the potential to bridge the gap between micro- and macro-evolutionary studies of scaling allometry.
Influenza Altmetric Attention Score and its association with the influenza season in the USA
Authors: AlRyalat Saif Aldeen , Al Oweidat Khaled , Al-Essa Mohammad , Ashouri Khaled , El Khatib Osama , Al-Rawashdeh Athar , Yaseen Abeer , Toumar Ahmad , Alrwashdeh Anas 
Published: March 2022

Background: Altmetrics measure the impact of journal articles by tracking social media, Wikipedia, public policy documents, blogs, and mainstream news activity, after which an overall Altmetric attention score (AAS) is calculated for every journal article. In this study, we aim to assess the AAS for influenza related articles and its relation to the influenza season in the USA. Methods: This study used the openly available Altmetric data from Altmetric.com. First, we retrieved all influenza-related articles using an advanced PubMed search query, then we inputted the resulted query into Altmetric explorer. We then calculated the average AAS for each month during the years 2012-2018. Results: A total of 24,964 PubMed documents were extracted, among them, 12,395 documents had at least one attention. We found a significant difference in mean AAS between February and each of January and March (p< 0.001, mean difference of 117.4 and 460.7, respectively). We found a significant difference between June and each of May and July (p< 0.001, mean difference of 1221.4 and 162.7, respectively). We also found a significant difference between October and each of September and November (p< 0.001, mean difference of 88.8 and 154.8, respectively). Conclusion: We observed a seasonal trend in the attention toward influenza-related research, with three annual peaks that correlated with the beginning, peak, and end of influenza seasons in the USA, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data.
The need to reassess single-cell RNA sequencing datasets: the importance of biological sample processing
Authors: Ascensión Alex M. , Araúzo-Bravo Marcos J. , Izeta Ander 
Published: March 2022

Background: The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and additional single-cell omics technologies have provided scientists with unprecedented tools to explore biology at cellular resolution. However, reaching an appropriate number of good quality reads per cell and reasonable numbers of cells within each of the populations of interest are key to infer relevant conclusions about the underlying biology of the dataset. For these reasons, scRNAseq studies are constantly increasing the number of cells analysed and the granularity of the resultant transcriptomics analyses. Methods: We aimed to identify previously described fibroblast subpopulations in healthy adult human skin by using the largest dataset published to date (528,253 sequenced cells) and an unsupervised population-matching algorithm. Results: Our reanalysis of this landmark resource demonstrates that a substantial proportion of cell transcriptomic signatures may be biased by cellular stress and response to hypoxic conditions. Conclusions: We postulate that careful design of experimental conditions is needed to avoid long processing times of biological samples. Additionally, computation of large datasets might undermine the extent of the analysis, possibly due to long processing times.
Mobile phone applications to support psychotropic tapering: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Boland Miriam , Higgins Agnes , Doherty Gavin , Sheaf Greg , Framer Adele , Cadogan Cathal 
Published: March 2022

Background: In the context of a recovery-oriented approach to mental healthcare, the role of psychotropic medication over extended or indefinite periods is increasingly being called into question. To minimise the risks of withdrawal symptoms and relapse, it is crucial that service users who want to discontinue psychotropic medication are supported throughout the tapering process. However, in the absence of effective interventions and supports, service users are increasingly relying on online resources for guidance and support. To date, the evidence base for mobile phone applications (‘apps’) and app-based interventions supporting discontinuation of psychotropic use has not been examined. This scoping review aims to examine the content, underpinning evidence base and impact of available mobile phone apps and app-based interventions to support psychotropic tapering. Methods: A scoping review will be conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance and results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. Several electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ACM and IEEE Xplore) will be searched from 2008 onwards. Searches of the major app stores will also be conducted, specifically Apple's App Store (iOS) and Google Play Store (Android). Following screening, key information will be extracted from the included studies and apps. Identified apps will be coded using the Behaviour Change Technique (BCT) Taxonomy. The findings will be described using narrative synthesis. Conclusions: This scoping review will provide a broad overview of available apps to support psychotropic tapering, including a summary of their content using the BCT Taxonomy. The review findings will guide future research relating to the development, implementation and evaluation of app-based interventions to support the tapering of psychotropic medication.
Platform Tokenization: Financing, Governance, and Moral Hazard
Authors: Chod Jiri , Trichakis Nikolaos , Yang S. Alex 
Published: March 2022

This paper highlights two channels through which blockchain-enabled tokenization can alleviate moral hazard frictions between founders, investors, and users of a platform: token financing and decentralized governance. We consider an entrepreneur who uses outside financing and exerts private effort to build a platform and users who decide whether to join in response to the platform’s dynamic transaction fee policy. We first show that raising capital by issuing tokens rather than equity mitigates effort under-provision because the payoff to equity investors depends on profit, whereas the payoff to token investors depends on transaction volume, which is less sensitive to effort. Second, we show that decentralized governance associated with tokenization eliminates a potential holdup of platform users, which in turn alleviates the need to provide users with incentives to join, reducing the entrepreneur’s financing burden. The downside of tokenization is that it puts a cap on how much capital the entrepreneur can raise. Namely, if tokens are highly liquid, that is, they change hands many times per unit of time, their market capitalization is small relative to the net present value (NPV) of the platform profits, limiting how much money one can raise by issuing tokens rather than equity. If building the platform is expensive, this can distort the capacity investment. The resulting tradeoff between the benefits and costs of tokenization leads to several predictions regarding adoption. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
QCW surface-pumped cryogenically cooled single-slab laser with 1  kW level at 946  nm
Authors: Song Ze-Xin , Wang Bao-Shan , Shen Yu , Bo Yong , Chang Jin-Quan , Chen Zhong-Zheng , Guo Ya-Ding , Yuan Lei , Lin Yan-Yong , Kou Yang , Bian Qi , Cui Da-Fu , Peng Qin-Jun 
Published: March 2022

We present a kilowatt-level quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) cryogenically cooled 946-nm slab laser oscillator for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The laser system is based on a double-face-pumped large-size single-slab Nd:YAG design, delivering a record-high average power of 1.06 kW without additional amplification. This laser oscillator operates at repetition rate of 400 Hz with a pulse duration of 175 µs, resulting in a single pulse energy of 2.65 J. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent the highest output power and pulse energy for any all-solid-state 946-nm laser ever reported to date. Our scheme paves a new path for the development of the compact high-power solid-state 946-nm laser.
Cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis of siponimod in the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis in Italy
Authors: Cortesi Paolo Angelo , Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo , Gasperini Claudio , Nica Mihaela , Ritrovato Daniela , Mantovani Lorenzo Giovanni 
Published: March 2022

Background
Siponimod is an effective treatment for patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), with active disease evidenced by relapses or imaging features characteristic of multiple sclerosis inflammatory activity, however there is a need to evaluate its economic value and sustainability compared to other disease modifying-therapies (DMTs).

Objective
To estimate the siponimod cost-effectiveness profile and its relative budget impact compared with other DMTs, by using the Italian National Healthcare System perspective.

Methods
We performed: 1) a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) vs interferon beta-1b using an analytical Markov model and a life time-horizon, and 2) a budget impact analysis by using 3-years time-horizon. The results were reported as incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and net-monetary benefit (NMB) for CEA, using a willingness to pay threshold of €40,000 per QALY gained, and as difference in the overall budget (Euro) between the scenario with and without siponimod for budget impact.

Results
In the base case scenario siponimod resulted cost-effective compared with interferon beta-1b 28,891€ per QALY. Overall, the market access of siponimod was associated to an increased budget of about 3€ millions (+0.9%) in the next 3 years simulated.

Conclusion
Compared to interferon beta-1b, siponimod seems to be cost-effective in SPMS patients and sustainable, with less than 1% overall budget increased in the next 3 years. Future studies need to confirm our results in the real word setting and in other countries.
Testosterone replacement therapy and its relationship with hyperestrogenism and obesity. Problems of laboratory diagnostics of hyperestrogenism
Authors: Golodnikov I. I. , Pavlova Z. Sh. , Kamalov A. A. 
Published: March 2022

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is one of the most effective and common treatments for testosterone deficiency today. It is often prescribed, focusing only on the level of testosterone and the presence of patient complaints about a decrease in sexual function. Quite rarely, doctors additionally assess the level of estradiol and, as a consequence, the initial presence of a symptom of hyperestrogenism. One of the likely consequences of the appointment of TRT may be an excess of estradiol, the excess formation of which is associated with the enzyme aromatase, which converts testosterone into estradiol. Despite the availability of laboratory determination of the level of estradiol, the result may not always coincide with the clinical picture, one of the reasons is the difference in the methods for determining the level of estradiol in each laboratory, there is no single standard or «reference» today. This article describes the evolution of TRT, and also focuses on the variability of estradiol levels from laboratory to laboratory, and explains in detail why the assessment of estradiol over time should be carried out in only one laboratory. A systematic literature search was carried out in the databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Elibrary, CyberLeninka.The purpose of our review was the need to engage the attention of specialists to the problem of hyperestrogenism, the not always justified prescription of TRT in patients with obesity, hypogonadism and hyperestrogenism, as well as to the problem of laboratory diagnosis of hyperestrogenism, which is acute not only in our country, but all over the world.
Clinical and laboratory features of hereditary pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Authors: Rebrova D. V. , Vorokhobina N. V. , Imyanitov E. N. , Rusakov V F. , Krasnov L. M. , Sleptsov I. V. , Chernikov R. A. , Fedorov E. A. , Semenov A. A. , Chinchuk I. K. , Sablin I. V. , Alekseev M. A. , Kuleshov O. V. , Fedotov Ju. N 
Published: March 2022

The widespread introduction of genetic testing in recent years has made it possible to determine that more than a third of cases of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPPGs) are caused by germline mutations. Despite the variety of catecholamine-producing tumors manifestations, there is a sufficient number of clinical and laboratory landmarks that suggest a hereditary genesis of the disease and even a specific syndrome. These include a family history, age of patient, presence of concomitant conditions, and symptoms of the disease. Considering that each of the mutations is associated with certain diseases that often determine tactics of treatment and examination of a patient, e.g. high risk of various malignancies. Awareness of the practitioner on the peculiarities of the course of family forms of PPPGs will allow improving the tactics of managing these patients.The article provides up-to-date information on the prevalence of hereditary PPPGs. The modern views on the pathogenesis of the disease induced by different mutations are presented. The main hereditary syndromes associated with PPPGs are described, including multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2A and 2B, type 1 neurofibromatosis, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, hereditary paraganglioma syndrome, as well as clinical and laboratory features of the tumor in these conditions. The main positions on the necessity of genetic screening in patients with PPPGs are given.
The formation of endocrinology in the ancient times
Authors: Kurinova A. N. , Nikitina T. V. , Trukhina D. A. , Pigarova E. A. , Trukhin A. A. , Yasuchenia V. S. 
Published: March 2022

The formation of endocrinology as an independent medical discipline was preceded by the accumulation of medical experience during many centuries. The medicine of the ancient times was developing on the basis of continuity according to the basic principle «relata refero» (I tell what I have been told). Medicine and pharmacy in the countries of the ancient world had many similarities, but at the same time each civilization had its own geographical, cultural and historical particularities. The pathology of the thyroid was among the most studied pathologies in Ancient world. There are frequent mentions of the endemic goiter in the works of doctors from Ancient China, Ancient India and Ancient Greece.Although the link between iodine and the thyroid was not known, algae and dried sea sponges were using for treating swollen neck.There are many descriptions of neuroendocrine pathologies in historical sources, for example the Bible describes gigantism and the Talmud — hypoprolactinaemia.Special attention was paid to the study of diabetes mellitus, although the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease remained unknown until the 20th century.
Cuidados intensivos y cuidados paliativos pediátricos
Authors: Garaycochea Cannon Virginia 
Published: March 2022

La tecnificación biomédica de la segunda mitad del siglo XX ha llevado a considerar a la ciencia omnipotente. Esto ha influido en las instituciones sanitarias y en el personal de salud, y ha llevado a cambios en las conceptualizaciones de salud, enfermedad y muerte.
La tecnificación de las unidades de cuidados intensivos dirigidas a revertir enfermedades graves ha priorizado el aspecto biológico de la persona, deshumanizando la medicina. Los cuidados paliativos pediátricos rescatan la integralidad del ser humano y proporcionan cuidados apropiados y respetuosos, acordes a la dignidad de la persona, especialmente al final de la vida, lo que constituye una propuesta humanizadora.
De la beneficencia a la ciencia, de la moral a la ética
Authors: Pellicer Eduard , Hernández Moscoso Balma Soraya 
Published: March 2022

El Trabajo Social Sanitario (TSS) nace del acompañamiento a personas enfermas y en el final de la vida. Más de un siglo después de que las pioneras de la profesión empezaran a reflexionar sobre los valores, técnicas y marco ético que deben guiar la intervención, sigue habiendo más interrogantes que respuestas.
Actualmente la profesión afronta nuevos retos y conflictos que obligan a reflexionar y cuestionar aspectos del quehacer diario. La apuesta por un modelo de intervención biopsicosocial y centrado en la persona, todavía en construcción, requiere una actitud crítica con el estado del bienestar y el espejismo de la atención integrada que, aunque cada vez hay más esfuerzos, sigue sin cuajar.
Este artículo plantea algunos conflictos éticos a partir de tres experiencias de acompañamiento de las trabajadoras sociales sanitarias de una unidad de atención paliativa pediátrica y paciente crónico complejo.
Organizational Results of Secondary School Teachers' Formal and Natural Group Relationships in Schools
Authors: ÇİMİLİ GÖK Ebru Burcu 
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the organizational results of formal and informal group relations of teachers at schools. In accordance with the holistic multiple case pattern, study group of the research has been selected on the basis of volunteerism and maximum diversity sampling out of purpose sampling methods. The group consists of 12 teachers from 3 middle schools Muratpaşa, Kepez and Aksu towns of Antalya province, respectively. Descriptive analysis has been used in the analysis of the qualitative data and consistency testing has been utilized. The Cohen’s Kappa reliability coefficient has been calculated as meaningful with the level of 0.818.
According to the results of the research; group relations increase organizational commitment and job satisfaction, while reducing stress. In addition, good friendship relationships increase school loyalty and reduce the intention of relocation. However, negative results such as conflicts between different groups have an adverse effect on the organizational climate and the resistance of the members of the group to the decisions of the administration by taking power from each other. Emotional commitment levels of teachers were higher than continuation commitment and normative commitment. Relationships with other employees and perceived social support were mostly affected by job satisfaction. The most stressful resource among the participating teachers is school administrators and it is seen that the participants have been observed emotion-focused coping strategy in the first place.