bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dephosphorylation of FADD at S191 induces an excessive expansion of TCRαβ+IELs in the intestinal mucosa
Authors: Zhang Xuerui , Zhu Banghui , Li Lin , Xu Jiahong , Han Yuheng , Zhang Jing , Hua Zichun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) play a crucial role in host defence against pathogens in the intestinal mucosa. The development of intestinal IELs is distinct from peripheral T lymphocytes and remains elusive. Fas‐associated protein with death domain (FADD) is important for T cell development in the thymus. Here we describe a novel function of FADD in the IEL development. FADD (S191A), a mouse FADD mutant at Ser191 to Ala mimicking constitutively unphosphorylated FADD, promoted a rapid expansion of TCRαβ+ IELs, not TCRγδ+ IELs. Mechanism investigation indicated that the dephosphorylation of FADD was required for cell activation mainly in TCRαβ+CD8+ T cells. Consistently, FADD (S191A) as dephosphorylated FADD led to a high NF‐κB activation in the TCR‐dependent cell expansion. In addition, The FADD (S191A)‐induced abnormal IEL populations resulted in the increased incidence and severity of colitis in mice. In summary, FADD signalling is involved in the intestinal IEL development and might be a regulator for intestinal mucosal homeostasis.
Asymmetric T cell division of GAD65 specific naive T cells contribute to an early divergence in the differentiation fate into memory T cell subsets
Authors: Alampi Greta , Vignali Debora , Centorame Ilenia , Canu Adriana , Cosorich Ilaria , Filoni Jessica , Di Dedda Carla , Monti Paolo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAutoreactive T cells with the phenotype and function of different memory subsets are present in patients who developed type 1 diabetes (TID). According to the progressive differentiation model, memory subsets generate from naïve precursors in a linear and unidirectional path depending on the strength and quality of stimulatory signals. By observing human naïve T cells in contact with GAD65 loaded autologous dendritic cells, we observed that approximately 10% of cells divided with the plane of cell division parallel to the one of the immune synapse, causing phenotypic asymmetries in the proximal and distal daughter T cells. After the first T cell division, proximal and distal daughter T cells showed different phenotype, metabolic signature and commitment to differentiate towards long‐lived memory T cells or T cells with effector function. Subjects with or without T1D showed a similar frequency of asymmetric T cell division (ATCD) for autoantigens and recall antigens specific T cells, however the frequency of ATCD is significantly increased in autoreactive T cells in patients with T1D when IL‐7 was added to the culture. An increased upregulation of GLUT1 in response to IL‐7 in patients with T1D was related to the rate of ATCD. Our results showed that ATCD is associated with an early divergence in the differentiation fate of naïve T cells specific for GAD65 during first antigen encounter.
Transcriptome analysis uncovers the autophagy‐mediated regulatory patterns of the immune microenvironment in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sun Shuo , Lu Jiangting , Lai Chaojie , Feng Zhaojin , Sheng Xia , Liu Xianglan , Wang Yao , Huang Chengchen , Shen Zhida , Lv Qingbo , Fu Guosheng , Shang Min 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe relationship between autophagy and immunity has been well studied. However, little is known about the role of autophagy in the immune microenvironment during the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Therefore, this study aims to uncover the effect of autophagy on the immune microenvironment in the context of DCM. By investigating the autophagy gene expression differences between healthy donors and DCM samples, 23 dysregulated autophagy genes were identified. Using a series of bioinformatics methods, 13 DCM‐related autophagy genes were screened and used to construct a risk prediction model, which can well distinguish DCM and healthy samples. Then, the connections between autophagy and immune responses including infiltrated immunocytes, immune reaction gene‐sets and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes were systematically evaluated. In addition, two autophagy‐mediated expression patterns in DCM were determined via the unsupervised consensus clustering analysis, and the immune characteristics of different patterns were revealed. In conclusion, our study revealed the strong effect of autophagy on the DCM immune microenvironment and provided new insights to understand the pathogenesis and treatment of DCM.
The role of wisdom in navigating social media paradoxes: Implications for consumers, firms, and public policy
Authors: Schneider Abigail B. , Chugani Sunaina , Kaur Tavleen , Stornelli Jason , G. Luchs Michael , Bakpayev Marat , Garcia‐Collart Tessa , Leonard Bridget , Ottlewski Lydia , Pricer Laura 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSocial media has transformed the nature of communication and simultaneously given rise to paradoxes—irresolvable situations where contradictory elements co‐exist. These paradoxes are pervasive, and they can jeopardize consumer welfare because they are difficult to navigate. In this conceptual article, we argue that the principles of wisdom provide a unique and constructive lens through which to view the social media landscape with the aim of maximizing well‐being. We illustrate three social media paradoxes at individual, interpersonal, and societal levels of analysis. We also translate wisdom theory into practical recommendations for consumers, marketers, and public policy makers to facilitate wiser use of social media. Finally, we propose avenues for future transformative consumer research on how wisdom can help consumers to fruitfully approach paradoxes in the context of social media and beyond.
Effect of Vent Hole and Cement Type on Fracture Resistance of CAD‐CAM Monolithic Zirconia Crowns
Authors: Talay Çevlik Esra , Alkan Demetoğlu Göknil , Yıldız Pınar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assess the fracture resistance of monolithic zirconia crowns cemented with different types of cement on cement‐retained implant abutments.Materials and methodsForty implant analogs were positioned in acrylic resin blocks, and cement‐retained straight implant abutments were fastened to the analogs. Crowns were designed with/without occlusal vent holes and produced from monolithic zirconia blocks by the CAD‐CAM technique. The two crown types were divided into two groups and cemented with resin and zinc‐polycarboxylate cement under 5 kg weight. A universal testing machine applied compressive forces to the crowns until fracture. Fracture resistance values were analyzed using two‐way ANOVA and the independent samples t‐test with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsAccording to the two‐way ANOVA results, although the crown design did not have a significant effect on fracture resistance (1417.65 ± 337.39 N, 1565.16 ± 517.12 N; crowns with and without vent holes, respectively), the main effect of the cement variable on the fracture resistance was significant. Zinc‐polycarboxylate cement (1680.1 ± 375.23 N) showed higher fracture resistance than resin cement (1302.71 ± 420.64 N) in the crowns designed with vent holes (p < 0.005).ConclusionThe use of cement‐retained implant‐supported monolithic zirconia crowns with an occlusal vent hole is safe, and zinc‐polycarboxylate cement use may be an appropriate choice for cementation of these crowns.
Infrastructure and income inequality: An application to the Brazilian case using hierarchical spatial autoregressive models
Authors: Medeiros Victor , Saulo Marques Ribeiro Rafael , Vasconscelos Maia do Amaral Pedro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany scholars have highlighted the role of infrastructure in reducing income inequality. Developing economies present immense regional and income discrepancies, which are correlated with unequally distributed infrastructure in territorial and population terms. In this paper, we assess the effects of infrastructure supply on income inequality and verify whether these effects vary according to the infrastructure sector and its degree of quality and access in Brazil. The analysis is based on spatial hierarchical models. Results allow us to say that infrastructure correlates negatively with income inequality. Hence, policies aimed at improving infrastructure quality and expanding access are crucial for reducing income concentration.
Prevalence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia recovered from soybean and sunflower silo's
Authors: Rothmann Lisa Ann , McLaren Neal Wynne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe fungal pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causes significant disease in oil‐seed crops, and produces sclerotia, primarily serving as a survival structure, but also as means of dispersal. The aim of this study was to quantify sclerotia recovered from South African soybean and sunflower silos between 2012/2013 and 2020, for each crop respectively. Historic data were retrieved from a public database managed by the South African Grain Laboratories. A one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and summary statistics were visualized to determine variation in percentage (mass per seed mass) and prevalence (percentage of positive seed lots) of sclerotia recovered. Sclerotia recoveries were mapped to determine regions and years which were below or above legislative and industry sclerotia thresholds. A total of 190 and 163 soybean and sunflower silos were sampled, respectively, where between 100 and 176 3‐kg sub‐samples per annum were included. Prevalence of sclerotia recovered ranged between 33.3% (2015) and 78.3% (2020) in soybean production regions and 9.1% (2013) and 95.0% (2020) in sunflower production regions. ANOVA indicated significant differences between reported years, for both crops, and variation in frequency of sclerotia with regard to policy thresholds. Sclerotia recovered may provide an indication of sclerotia retained in farm‐saved seed as well as sclerotia remaining on and in fields. South Africa is one of the few countries with national and industry policies in place to monitor and restrict sclerotia in seed. This practice should continue, with the addition of research, which is underway, to understand the risk associated with S. sclerotiorum to remain seed‐borne and potentially cause infections.
TRIM27‐USP7 complex promotes tumour progression via STAT3 activation in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sakamoto Toshiya , Kuboki Satoshi , Furukawa Katsunori , Takayashiki Tsukasa , Takano Shigetsugu , Yoshizumi Arihito , Ohtsuka Masayuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground & AimsTRIM27 is stabilized by binding to USP7 and mediates tumour progression in several cancers; however, the roles of TRIM27‐USP7 complex on STAT3 activation in HCC are unknown.MethodsRegulations and functions of TRIM27 for activating STAT3 in HCC were assessed using 207 HCC samples or HCC cells.ResultsTRIM27 expression was increased in some cases of HCC. High TRIM27 expression was an independent predictor for poor prognosis in HCC after surgery. It was correlated with the expression of EpCAM, vimentin, MMP‐9, and activation of STAT3 in HCC. TRIM27 expression was correlated with USP7 expression, and HCC with high TRIM27 expression together with high USP7 expression showed enhanced STAT3 activation, resulting in poorer prognosis. p‐JAK1 expression was correlated with STAT3 activation in HCC with high TRIM27 expression. In vitro, USP7 knockdown decreased TRIM27 expression, suggesting that USP7 was essential for TRIM27 stabilization. Knocking down of TRIM27 or USP7 suppressed STAT3 activation and overexpression of TRIM27 accelerated STAT3 activation; therefore, the formation of TRIM27‐USP7 complex was needed for STAT3 activation, which led to aggressive tumour proliferation and invasion by enhancing EMT and CSC‐like property. Binding of JAK1 to TRIM27‐USP7 complex was confirmed in vitro. Deletion of TRIM27‐USP7 complex by USP7 inhibitor significantly inhibited tumour cell invasion by suppressing STAT3 activation.ConclusionsTRIM27 is stabilized by binding to USP7 and is related to aggressive tumour progression in HCC via STAT3 activation, resulting in poor prognosis after operation. Therefore, TRIM27‐USP7 complex is a useful prognostic predictor and a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
Global trends and the impact of chronic hepatitis B and C on disability‐adjusted life years
Authors: Veracruz Nicolette , Gish Robert G. , Cheung Ramsey , Chitnis Amit S. , Wong Robert J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsAdvances in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapies have improved morbidity and mortality, but global disparities in viral hepatitis outcomes remain. We evaluate global trends in the impact of HBV and HCV on disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs).MethodsUsing data from the 2010–2019 Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD), overall all‐cause DALYs for patients with acute HBV or HCV, HBV‐ or HCV‐related cirrhosis, and HBV‐ or HCV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was calculated as the sum of years of life lost because of premature death and years lived with disability. DALYs were presented as age‐standardized rates per 100 000 population stratified by age and sex.ResultsFrom 2010 to 2019, the overall global impact of HBV on DALYs per 100 000 decreased from 27.6 to 20.9 for acute HBV and 168.6 to 129.8 for HBV‐related cirrhosis but remained stable for HBV‐related HCC. The impact of HCV on DALYs per 100 000 decreased from 5.23 to 3.3 for acute HCV, 159.2 to 146.2 for HCV‐related cirrhosis, and 37.5 to 34.9 for HCV‐related HCC. We observed significant differences in the impact of HBV and HCV on DALYs when stratified by world regions.ConclusionDecreases in HBV and HCV DALYs from 2010 to 2019 were observed. Disparities in DALY improvements across world regions suggest unequal access to viral hepatitis care and treatment. Achieving goals of viral hepatitis elimination will require enhanced prevention efforts and funding for high‐burden regions and regions that have not had substantial reductions in DALYs because of HBV and HCV.
Ockham on the Side of the Angels: Why a Classical Theist Shouldn't be Moved by Oppy's Argument from Simplicity
Authors: McNabb Tyler , DeVito Michael 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA common argument put forth by naturalists (including the prominent philosopher Graham Oppy) in support of naturalism as a worldview over theism, is to claim that naturalism is a simpler hypothesis. Theism posits the existence of everything that naturalism does, plus the existence of a theistic realm. Thus, all things being equal, via Ockham's Razor, naturalism should be preferred to theism. In this essay, we argue that the Classical Theist need not worry about the naturalist's Simplicity argument. Specifically, we argue that, the one holding to a scholastic metaphysics (i.e., potency-act distinction, participatory metaphysics, and existence-in-degree), in the end, will be the one with the simpler worldview.
Deep‐learning‐based removal of autofluorescence and fluorescence quantification in plant‐colonizing bacteria in vivo
Authors: Jiang Xun , Pees Tobias , Reinhold‐Hurek Barbara 
Published: June 2022

Summary

Fluorescence microscopy is common in bacteria–plant interaction studies. However, strong autofluorescence from plant tissues impedes in vivo studies on endophytes tagged with fluorescent proteins. To solve this problem, we developed a deep‐learning‐based approach to eliminate plant autofluorescence from fluorescence microscopy images, tested for the model endophyte Azoarcus olearius BH72 colonizing Oryza sativa roots.

Micrographs from three channels (tdTomato for gene expression, green fluorescent protein (GFP) and AutoFluorescence (AF)) were processed by a neural network based approach, generating images that simulate the background autofluorescence in the tdTomato channel. After subtracting the model‐generated signals from each pixel in the genuine channel, the autofluorescence in the tdTomato channel was greatly reduced or even removed.

The deep‐learning‐based approach can be applied for fluorescence detection and quantification, exemplified by a weakly expressed, a cell‐density modulated and a nitrogen‐fixation gene in A. olearius. A transcriptional nifH::tdTomato fusion demonstrated stronger induction of nif genes inside roots than outside, suggesting extension of the rhizosphere effect for diazotrophs into the endorhizosphere.

The pre‐trained convolutional neural network model is easily applied to process other images of the same plant tissues with the same settings. This study showed the high potential of deep‐learning‐based approaches in image processing. With proper training data and strategies, autofluorescence in other tissues or materials can be removed for broad applications.
Secular trends in the prevalence of dementia based on a community‐based complete enumeration in Japan: the Nakayama Study
Authors: Shimizu Hideaki , Mori Takaaki , Yoshida Taku , Tachibana Ayumi , Ozaki Tomoki , Yoshino Yuta , Ochi Shinichiro , Sonobe Naomi , Matsumoto Teruhisa , Komori Kenjiro , Iga Jun‐ichi , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Ueno Shu‐ichi , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundThe number of dementia patients is increasing worldwide, especially in Japan, which has the world's highest ageing population. The increase in the number of older people with dementia is a medical and socioeconomic problem that needs to be prevented, but the actual situation is still not fully understood.MethodsFour cross‐sectional studies on dementia were conducted in 1997, 2004, 2012, and 2016 for complete enumeration of all residents aged 65 years and older. We examined the secular trends in the prevalence of all‐cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and other/unclassified dementia.ResultsThe age‐standardised prevalence of all‐cause dementia significantly increased (4.5% in 1997, 5.7% in 2004, 5.3% in 2012, 9.5% in 2016; P for trend <0.05). Similar trends were observed for AD (1.7%, 3.0%, 2.5% and 4.9%, respectively; P for trend <0.05) and other/unclassified dementia (0.8%, 1.0%, 1.0% and 2.2%, respectively; P for trend <0.05), whereas no significant change in VaD was seen (2.1%, 1.8%, 1.8%, 2.4%, respectively; P for trend = 0.77). The crude prevalence of all‐cause dementia and AD increased from 1997 to 2016 among participants aged 75–79 years and ≥85 years (all P for trend <0.05). Similar trends were observed for other/unclassified dementia among participants aged ≥80 years (all P for trend <0.05), but not in VaD.ConclusionsThe prevalence of dementia has increased beyond the ageing of the population, suggesting that factors in addition to ageing are involved in the increase in the number of older people with dementia. To control the increase in the number of older people with dementia, elucidation of secular trends in the incidence, mortality, and prognosis of dementia as well as the factors that promote and protect against dementia, and development of preventive strategies are necessary.
Associations between apathy and comprehensive frailty as assessed by the Kihon Checklist among community‐dwelling Japanese older adults
Authors: Maruta Michio , Shimokihara Suguru , Makizako Hyuma , Ikeda Yuriko , Han Gwanghee , Akasaki Yoshihiko , Hidaka Yuma , Kamasaki Taishiro , Kubozono Takuro , Ohishi Mitsuru , Tabira Takayuki 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundFrailty is a multidimensional condition characterised by reduced physical and psychological resilience. Older adults also frequently demonstrate apathy, suggesting that it shares similar neuro‐physiological pathways with frailty. This cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the association between apathy and frailty as defined by a comprehensive assessment.MethodsWe analyzed 882 older adults (mean age: 74.4 ± 6.4 years; 62.1% female) who participated in a community‐based health check survey (Tarumizu Study). Apathy was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale‐3A, a three‐item subset of the Geriatric Depression Scale‐15, and frailty by the Kihon Checklist of physical, psychological, functional, and social status. Associations were examined by multinomial logistic regression with frailty status (robust, pre‐frailty, frailty) as the dependent variable, apathy as the independent variable, and sociodemographic factors, medications, cognitive function, functional capacity, and mood symptoms as potential confounders.ResultsApathy was observed in 23.7% of individuals, and logistic regression revealed significant associations with both pre‐frailty and frailty after confounder adjustment (pre‐frailty: odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% CI 1.22–2.64; frailty: OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.63–6.42). Participants with apathy also exhibited greater deficits in the Kihon Checklist subdomains instrumental activities of daily living (P = 0.022), physical function (P < 0.001), oral function (P < 0.001), and cognitive function (P = 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings underscore the importance of comprehensive frailty assessment and demonstrate that apathy can have pervasive deleterious effects on geriatric health.
Framing market‐based versus regulatory climate policies: A comparative analysis
Authors: Young Kayla M. , Gurganus Kayla , Raymond Leigh 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn active debate has emerged about the political viability of market‐based versus non‐market‐based policies to address climate change. As carbon pricing policies face significant political challenges, some have argued that regulatory policies are a better option because they do not highlight consumer energy prices and can be linked to other economic and social priorities. Yet, no study has compared communication strategies for regulatory versus price‐based climate policies in practice. This paper fills that gap through a qualitative content analysis of framing strategies for Ontario's 2016 cap‐and‐trade program for greenhouse gas emissions, and Virginia's 2020 clean energy mandate. Results largely confirm the paper's primary hypothesis that similar financial frames will be used as or more frequently for the regulatory policy as for the price‐based policy, complicating any theory that regulatory policies will face an easier political path due to their different messaging options.
Kidney transplant from hepatitis C viremic donors into aviremic recipients and risk for post‐transplant BK and cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Daloul Reem , Schnelle Kendra , Von Stein Lauren , Logan April , Singh Priyamvada , Yenebere Priya , Pesavento Todd , Washburn Kenneth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundkidney transplantation from Hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremic donors to uninfected recipients is associated with excellent short‐term outcomes. However, HCV viremia might be associated with an increased risk for post‐transplant viral complications.MethodsWe designed a retrospective study of HCV‐negative kidney‐only transplant recipients between 2018 and 2020. Recipients were grouped into group 1; HCV‐negative donors, and group 2; HCV‐viremic donors. Patients were matched 1:1 using propensity score. The primary objectives were to compare the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia ≥ 200 ml/IU, and BK viremia ≥1000 copies/ml between the groups. Secondary outcomes included group comparison of CMV disease, BK viremia ≥10 000 copies/ml, and 1‐year patient and allograft survival.ResultsThe study included 634 patients in group 1, and 71 patients in group 2. Sixty‐five pairs of patients were matched. Incidence of CMV viremia (33.3% vs. 40.0%, p = .4675), and BK viremia (15.9% vs. 27.7%, p = .1353) did not differ significantly between groups in the matched cohort. Incidence of CMV disease (81.0% vs. 76.9%, p = 1.000), and BK viremia ≥10 000 copies/ml (9.5% vs. 16.9%, p = .2987) were comparable between groups. There was no difference in the 1‐year patient or allograft survival between groups.Conclusionkidney transplant from HCV‐viremic donors is not associated with increased risk for BK or CMV viremia.
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