bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Low-Dose Methotrexate Exposure and Melanoma
Authors: Yan Mabel K. , Wang Charlie , Wolfe Rory , Mar Victoria J. , Wluka Anita E. 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceMethotrexate is widely used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis. Studies suggest that methotrexate may be associated with an increased risk of melanoma.ObjectiveTo determine whether methotrexate exposure is associated with an increased risk of cutaneous melanoma.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to May 12, 2022, for eligible studies.Study SelectionCase-control studies, cohort studies, or randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included if they examined the odds or risk of cutaneous melanoma in individuals exposed to low-dose methotrexate in comparison with individuals unexposed. No language limitations were applied.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data on study characteristics and outcome data. The Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were followed. To assess study quality, the Cochrane risk of bias tool was used for RCTs, and the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist was used for cohort and case-control studies. Odds ratio from case-control studies and relative risk or hazard ratio from cohort studies or RCTs were pooled, and a random-effects model meta-analysis was conducted.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrespecified outcome was the odds ratio, hazard ratio, or risk ratio of cutaneous melanoma comparing low-dose methotrexate exposure with nonexposure.ResultsSeventeen studies (8 RCTs, 5 cohort studies, 4 case-control studies) were eligible for inclusion, and of these, 12 studies with 16 642 cases of melanoma were pooled in the primary analysis. Indications for methotrexate included rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease and were unknown in 5 studies. Compared with unexposed individuals, study participants with methotrexate exposure had a small increased risk of melanoma (pooled relative risk, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.08-1.22), but this did not persist in a sensitivity analysis excluding the largest study (pooled relative risk, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.00-1.24). Subgroup analyses according to comparator group (comparing methotrexate exposure with either immunomodulator alone vs immunomodulator and methotrexate) or the indication for methotrexate being rheumatoid arthritis provided similar risk estimates. Using geographical population melanoma incidence rates, a number needed to harm of 18 630 was calculated in Australia, and 41 425 in North America.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, low-dose methotrexate exposure was associated with an increased melanoma risk, but the absolute risk increase could be considered negligible.
Association of 24-Hour Activity Pattern Phenotypes With Depression Symptoms and Cognitive Performance in Aging
Authors: Smagula Stephen F. , Zhang Gehui , Gujral Swathi , Covassin Naima , Li Jingen , Taylor Warren D. , Reynolds Charles F. , Krafty Robert T. 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceEvidence regarding the nature and prevalence of 24-hour activity pattern phenotypes in older adults, especially those related to depression symptoms and cognition, is needed to guide the development of targeted mechanism research and behavioral interventions.ObjectivesTo identify subgroups of older adults with similar 24-hour activity rhythm characteristics and characterize associated depression symptoms and cognitive performance.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFrom January to March 2022, a cross-sectional analysis of the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination and Survey (NHANES) accelerometer study was conducted. The NHANES used a multistage probability sample that was designed to be representative of noninstitutionalized adults in the US. The main analysis included participants 65 years or older who had accelerometer and depression measures weighted to represent approximately 32 million older adults.ExposuresLatent profile analysis identified subgroups with similar 24-hour activity pattern characteristics as measured using extended-cosine and nonparametric methods.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCovariate-adjusted sample-weighted regressions assessed associations of subgroup membership with (1) depression symptoms defined as 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores of 10 or greater (PHQ-9) and (2) having at least psychometric mild cognitive impairment (p-MCI) defined as scoring less than 1 SD below the mean on a composite cognitive performance score.ResultsThe actual clustering sample size was 1800 (weighted: mean [SD] age, 72.9 [7.3] years; 57% female participants). Clustering identified 4 subgroups: (1) 677 earlier rising/robust (37.6%), (2) 587 shorter active period/less modelable (32.6%), (3) 177 shorter active period/very weak (9.8%), and (4) 359 later settling/very weak (20.0%). The prevalence of a PHQ-9 score of 10 or greater differed significantly across groups (cluster 1, 3.5%; cluster 2, 4.7%; cluster 3, 7.5%; cluster 4, 9.0%; χ2﻿ P = .004). The prevalence of having at least p-MCI differed significantly across groups (cluster 1, 7.2%; cluster 2, 12.0%; cluster 3, 21.0%; cluster 4, 18.0%; χ2﻿ P &amp;lt; .001). Five of 9 depression symptoms differed significantly across subgroups.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, findings indicate that approximately 1 in 5 older adults in the US may be classified in a subgroup with weak activity patterns and later settling, and approximately 1 in 10 may be classified in a subgroup with weak patterns and shorter active duration. Future research is needed to investigate the biologic processes related to these behavioral phenotypes, including why earlier and robust activity patterns appear protective, and whether modifying disrupted patterns improves outcomes.
Lattice‐Mismatch‐Driven Small‐Angle Moiré Twists in Epitaxially Grown 2D Vertical Layered Heterostructures
Authors: Lu Yang , Chen Jun , Coupin Matthew J. , Sinha Sapna , Warner Jamie H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractArtificially introduced small twist angles at the interfaces of vertical layered heterostructures (VLHs) have allowed deterministic tuning of electronic and optical properties such as strongly correlated electronic phases and Moiré excitons. But creating a Moiré twist in van der Waals (vdWs) systems by manual stacking is challenging in reproducibility, uniformity, and accuracy of the twist angle, which hinders future studies. Here, it is demonstrated that contrary to the commonly believed 0°‐orientation in vdWs epitaxy, these VLHs show small twist angles controlled by the low‐order commensurate phase with low energy and local atomic relaxation. A commensurate multilevel map is proposed to predict possible orientations. Remarkably, high‐mismatch VLHs show discrete and sometimes non‐zero twist angles dependent on their natural mismatch value. Such framework is experimentally confirmed in five epitaxially grown VLHs under high‐angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM), and can provide significant insights for large‐scale engineering of twist angle in VLHs.
Black Phosphorous Mediates Surface Charge Redistribution of CoSe2 for Electrochemical H2O2 Production in Acidic Electrolytes
Authors: Zheng Ya‐Rong , Hu ShaoJin , Zhang Xiao‐Long , Ju Huanxin , Wang Zhenbin , Tan Peng‐Ju , Wu Rui , Gao Fei‐Yue , Zhuang Taotao , Zheng Xiao , Zhu Junfa , Gao Min‐Rui , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectrochemical generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by two‐electron oxygen reduction offers a green method to mitigate the current dependence on the energy‐intensive anthraquinone process, promising its on‐site applications. Unfortunately, in alkaline environments, H2O2 is not stable and undergoes rapid decomposition. Making H2O2 in acidic electrolytes can prevent its decomposition, but choices of active, stable, and selective electrocatalysts are significantly limited. Here, the selective and efficient two‐electron reduction of oxygen toward H2O2 in acid by a composite catalyst that is composed of black phosphorus (BP) nailed chemically on the metallic cobalt diselenide (CoSe2) surface is reported. It is found that this catalyst exhibits a 91% Faradic efficiency for H2O2 product at an overpotential of 300 mV. Moreover, it can mediate oxygen to H2O2 with a high production rate of ≈1530 mg L−1 h−1 cm−2 in a flow‐cell reactor. Spectroscopic and computational studies together uncover a BP‐induced surface charge redistribution in CoSe2, which leads to a favorable surface electronic structure that weakens the HOO* adsorption, thus enhancing the kinetics toward H2O2 formation.
Observation of Coexisting Dirac Bands and Moiré Flat Bands in Magic‐Angle Twisted Trilayer Graphene
Authors: Li Yiwei , Zhang Shihao , Chen Fanqiang , Wei Liyang , Zhang Zonglin , Xiao Hanbo , Gao Han , Chen Moyu , Liang Shijun , Pei Ding , Xu Lixuan , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Yang Lexian , Miao Feng , Liu Jianpeng , Cheng Bin , Wang Meixiao , Chen Yulin , Liu Zhongkai 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMoiré superlattices that consist of two or more layers of 2D materials stacked together with a small twist angle have emerged as a tunable platform to realize various correlated and topological phases, such as Mott insulators, unconventional superconductivity, and quantum anomalous Hall effect. Recently, magic‐angle twisted trilayer graphene (MATTG) has shown both robust superconductivity similar to magic‐angle twisted bilayer graphene and other unique properties, including the Pauli‐limit violating and re‐entrant superconductivity. These rich properties are deeply rooted in its electronic structure under the influence of distinct moiré potential and mirror symmetry. Here, combining nanometer‐scale spatially resolved angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, the as‐yet unexplored band structure of MATTG near charge neutrality is systematically measured. These measurements reveal the coexistence of the distinct dispersive Dirac band with the emergent moiré flat band, showing nice agreement with the theoretical calculations. These results serve as a stepstone for further understanding of the unconventional superconductivity in MATTG.
Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative Hydroxyamination of Alkenes of Unsaturated Keto Oximes with TBHP as the Hydroxy Source
Authors: Tao Li‐Ming , Yu Li‐Mei , Xu Jia‐Li , Kuang Jie , Wang Lu‐Bao , Li Chuan‐Hua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA new iron‐catalyzed hydroxyamination of alkenyl ketoximes using TBHP as the hydroxy source to selectively assemble cyclic nitrones is described. Using inexpensive FeCl3 as the catalyst and TBHP as both the oxidant and hydroxy source, this reaction enables the formation of two new bonds, one C−N bond and one C−O bond, in a single reaction initiating from the oxime side through the nitrogen‐center radical geneation, radical addition across the C=C bond and radical hydroxylation cascades. This reaction has advantages of exquisite selectvity and excellent functional group tolerance, thus providing an economical and efficient strategy for the construction of complex heterocyclic compounds.
Single Atom Ru Monolithic Electrode for Efficient Chlorine Evolution and Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Yao Yancai , Zhao Long , Dai Jie , Wang Jiaxian , Fang Chuyang , Zhan Guangming , Zheng Qian , Hou Wei , Zhang Lizhi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFabricating single‐atom electrodes via atomic dispersion of active metal atoms into monolithic metal supports is of great significance to advancing the lab‐to‐fab translation of the electrochemical technologies. Here, we report an inherent oxide anchoring strategy to fasten ligand‐free isolated Ru atoms on the amorphous layer of monolithic Ti support by regulating the electronic metal‐support interactions. The prepared Ru single atom electrode exhibited exceptional electrochemical chlorine evolution activity, three orders of magnitude higher mass activity than that of commercial dimensionally stable anode, and also selectively reduced nitrate to ammonia with an unprecedented ammonia yield rate of 22.2 mol g−1 h−1 at −0.3 V. Furthermore, the Ru single atom monolithic electrode can be scaled up from 2×2 cm to 25×15 cm at least, thus demonstrating great potential for industrial electrocatalytic applications.
3,3‐Difluoroallyl Sulfonium Salts: Practical and Bench‐Stable Reagents for Highly Regioselective gem‐Difluoroallylations
Authors: Feng Xiao‐Tian , Ren Jin‐Xiu , Gao Xing , Min Qiao‐Qiao , Zhang Xingang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe site‐selective introduction of the difluoromethylene group into organic molecules has important applications in producing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, the general and efficient methods that can construct both C(sp2)−CF2R and C(sp3)−CF2R bonds remain challenging. Here, we disclose a new type of practical and bench‐stable difluoroalkylating reagent 3,3‐difluoroallyl sulfonium salt (DFAS) that can be practically prepared from inexpensive and bulk chemical feedstock 3,3,3‐trifluoropropene. This reagent allows highly regioselective gem‐difluoroallylation of various organozinc reagents, including aryl, primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl zinc reagents, via copper catalysis under mild reaction conditions with high efficiency. The reaction can also be extended to a series of substituted DFASs. Application of the approach leads to the short synthesis of complex analogs, showing the prospect of DFASs in medicinal chemistry.
Periodically Interrupting Bonding Behavior to Reformat Delocalized Electronic States of Graphdiyne for Improved Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ma Kaikai , Wu Jing , Wang Xin , Sun Yu , Xiong Zhaozhao , Dai Fulong , Bai Haokun , Xie Yong , Kang Zhuo , Zhang Yue 
Published: August 2022

Abstractπ electron configuration plays a pivotal role in metal‐free carbon catalysts, and its delocalization degree overwhelmingly dominates catalytic activity. However, precise and targeted regulation of inherent π electrons still remain challenging. Here, one chemical‐bond‐targeted physical clipping strategy is proposed and effectively adopted in the cutting‐edge carbon material system of graphdiyne (GDY) as a concept‐of‐proof. The delocalized electrons are expected to be periodically reformatted for substantially enhancing π electron delocalization. Via theoretical screening and well‐designed experiments, periodical interruption of Csp−Csp2bonds in GDY can render sp−C sites with decent activity, ultimately yielding top‐ranking electrocatalytic performance without intentionally introducing external decoration. The as‐proposed concept endows a universal prescription to push the limit of delocalization degree, thus shedding novel light on the rational design of decent metal‐free catalysts.
Reversed sexual dimorphism in the leg muscle architecture of the Eurasian sparrowhawk
Authors: Wang Lin , Liu Mingjie , Zhang Zihui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractReversed sexual dimorphism (RSD) in size is a deep issue in evolutionary biology. RSD in body mass and linear measures is pronounced in diurnal predatory bird species, especially in those that feed on other birds. Size differences between males and females in internal organs or systems, such as the appendicular musculature, are less well known. In this study, 14 muscles related to toe closure in the Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), a bird‐eating species, were selected for dissection and architectural measurement. The muscle mass (MM), physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA), and fiber length (FL) were compared between sexes to detect the possible presence and/or degree of RSD. The results revealed significant RSD in MM and PCSA and suggested a higher force‐generating capacity in females than in males. In females, greater strength in M. tibialis cranialis, M. iliofibularis, and six digital flexors enabled them to capture and carry larger prey, whereas more massive development in M. abductor digiti II and M. abductor digiti IV provided their feet with greater dexterity to improve the effectiveness of grasping larger mobile prey and preventing escape during capture. Fiber length did not show RSD. Generally, males had longer relative and absolute fiber length, indicative of enhanced working range and speed of contraction that was advantageous when hunting small prey. The differences between the sexes in architectural design and the high degree of RSD in MM and PCSA are correlated with the bird‐eating diet and prey size difference of this species.
Mononuclear luminous β‐diketonate Ln(III) complexes with heteroaromatic auxiliary ligands: synthesis and luminescence characteristics
Authors: Hooda Anjli , Dalal Anuj , Nehra Kapeesha , Kumar Pawan , Singh Devender , Kumar Sumit , Malik Rajender Singh , Kumar Ramesh , Kumar Parvin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA series of lanthanide (samarium and terbium) β‐diketonates with heteroaromatic auxiliary ligands was synthesized. The prepared complexes were characterized through electrochemical, thermal, and spectroscopic analyses. Infrared analysis revealed the binding of the respective metal ion to oxygen and nitrogen atoms of diketone and ancillary ligands. Thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry profiles provided thermal information and specified the high thermal stability of the prepared complexes. The complexes exhibited the sharp and structured Ln‐based emission in the visible region upon irradiation in the ultraviolet range. Photophysical analysis demonstrated the green and orange‐red emission due to the respective characteristic transitions of Tb3+ and Sm3+ ions. Photophysical properties affirmed the luminous behaviour of the synthesized complexes. These luminous lanthanide complexes could be used as emitting materials in the design of organic light‐emitting diodes.
Synergy of antioxidant and M2 polarization in polyphenol‐modified konjac glucomannan dressing for remodeling wound healing microenvironment
Authors: Li Huiyang , Liang Xiaoyu , Chen Youlu , Liu Kaijing , Fu Xue , Zhang Chuangnian , Wang Xiaoli , Yang Jing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEffective skin wound healing and tissue regeneration remain a challenge. Excessive/chronic inflammation inhibits wound healing, leading to scar formation. Herein, we report a wound dressing composed of KGM‐GA based on the natural substances konjac glucomannan (KGM) and gallic acid (GA) that accelerates wound healing without any additional drugs. An in vitro study showed that KGM‐GA could not only stimulate macrophage polarization to the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype but also decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, indicating excellent anti‐inflammatory properties. Moreover, in vivo studies of skin wounds demonstrated that the KGM‐GA dressing significantly improved wound healing by accelerating wound closure, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis. In addition, it was observed that KGM‐GA regulated M2 polarization, reducing the production of intracellular ROS in the wound microenvironment, which was consistent with the in vitro experiments. Therefore, this study designed a multifunctional biomaterial with biological activity, providing a novel dressing for wound healing.
Co‐amplified with PDGFRA, IGFBP7 is a prognostic biomarker correlated with the immune infiltrations of glioma
Authors: Wang Haiwei , Wang Xinrui , Xu Liangpu , Zhang Ji 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundA subgroup of glioma carry genetic 4q12 amplification including platelet derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) and insulin like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7). However, the prognosis of PDGFRA and IGFBP7 in glioma is unclear.MethodsThe prognosis of PDGFRA and IGFBP7 was determined using cox regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Pathways associated with IGFBP7 were analyzed through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Immune profiling of glioma was determined using “ESTIMATE” and “TIMER” database.ResultsPDGFRA amplification or expression was not correlated with the outcomes of glioblastoma (GBM). IGFBP7 but not PDGFRA was over‐expressed in GBM. IGFBP7 over‐expression was correlated with the unfavorable outcomes of GBM. In lower grade glioma (LGG), PDGFRA over‐expression was not correlated with the unfavorable prognosis of LGG, while, IGFBP7 was a prognostic biomarker of LGG. LGG patients with IGFBP7 lower expressions had prolonged clinical overall survival. Combination of IDH mutation, LGG grade and IGFBP7 achieved even better prognostic effects in LGG. Moreover, IGFBP7 was over‐expressed in glioma patients with wild type IDH or with high grades. IGFBP7 over‐expression was correlated with the unfavorable outcomes of glioma. Furthermore, IGFBP7 was hypo‐methylated in GBM or LGG patients without IDH mutations. IGFBP7 hyper‐methylation was correlated with the lower overall survival of GBM or LGG. LGG patients with wild type IDH and with IGFBP7 hypo‐methylation demonstrated even worse prognosis. IGFBP7 was associated with multiple immune‐related signaling pathways in GBM or LGG. The stromal score, immune score and the infiltrations of immune cells were also correlated with IGFBP7 and the prognosis of LGG.ConclusionsIGFBP7 but not PDGFRA served an ideal prognostic marker and therapeutic target of glioma.
Dynamic alteration and prognostic significance of tumor‐associated CD68+ and CD68+PD‐L1− macrophages in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Wu Jie , Xie Rui‐Yang , Wei Li‐Hui , Cao Chuan‐Zhen , Shang Bing‐Qing , Guan You‐Yan , Shi Hong‐Zhe , Qu Wang , Li Yun , Liang Jing , Zheng Shan , Zhou Ai‐Ping , Zhou Xiao‐Feng , Shou Jian‐Zhong , Bi Xin‐Gang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe current study aimed to investigate the dynamic alteration and prognostic significance of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), and PD‐L1 status of immune cells in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).MethodsMultiplex immunofluorescence staining was performed to examine CD68+ TAM, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, FOXP3+ Treg cell, and PD‐L1 expression in paired MIBC tissues (n = 54) before and after NAC. Patients were then divided into definite responders (DR), (≤pT1) and incomplete responders (IR).ResultsThere was no significant difference between DR and IR cohorts for the immune cell infiltration levels at the baseline status. Tobacco history was identified to be associated with worse NAC efficacy. CD68+ (stroma area: p = 0.025; tumor area: p = 0.028; total area: p = 0.013) and CD68+PD‐L1− (stroma area: p = 0.035; tumor area: p = 0.013 total area: p = 0.014) TAMs infiltration levels decreased significantly after NAC, while there was no significant difference of CD68+PD‐L1+ and TILs. The infiltration of CD68+ (p = 0.033), CD68+PD‐L1− (p = 0.033), and CD68+PD‐L1+ (p < 0.001) TAMs in stroma area were significantly associated with poorer disease‐free survival rate (DFS) of MIBC patients.ConclusionCD68+ and CD68+PD‐L1− TAMs infiltration levels decreased significantly after NAC and pre‐treatment TAM infiltration levels were independent prognostic factors for MIBC patients. While there was no sufficient evidence demonstrating that pre‐treatment TILs or TAMs could predict response to NAC in MIBC patients.