bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enumeration of Public Health Nurses in the United States: Limits of Current Standards
Authors: Kneipp Shawn M. , Edmonds Joyce K. , Cooper Jennifer , Campbell Lisa A. , Little Susan Haynes , Mix Aisha K. 
Published: June 2022

Recent national initiatives in nursing and public health have emphasized the need for a robust public health nursing (PHN) workforce. In this article, we analyze the extent to which recent national enumeration surveys base their counts of this workforce on the definitions, scope, and standards for practice and practice competencies of the PHN nursing specialty. By and large, enumeration surveys continue to rely on practice setting to define the PHN workforce, which is an insufficient approach for meeting the goals of major nursing and public health initiatives. We make recommendations for the development of new standards for PHN enumeration to strengthen the broader public health infrastructure and evaluate PHN contributions to population-level outcomes. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S3):S292–S297. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306782 )
Challenges Facing Public Health Nursing Faculty in the United States: COVID-19 as a Catalyst for Change
Authors: Thurman Whitney , Heitkemper Elizabeth , Johnson Karen E. 
Published: June 2022

We present an analysis of challenges facing public health nursing faculty members (PHNF) in the United States and their broader societal implications. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these challenges, making them untenable.Current academic structures—influenced by the broader sociopolitical climate—are problematic for PHNF: they disincentivize PHNF from researching social determinants of health and public health systems, teaching systems-level content that may be deemed “controversial” and that is not included on licensure exams, and engaging in service through advocacy and community partnerships. The fault lines within health care, public health systems, and higher education indicate that it is time to reevaluate how to incentivize socially just and equitable outcomes.Toward this goal, we propose that collective action and systemic change, including the perspectives of PHNF, is needed to better realize our shared goals. The analysis serves as a catalyst for conversations about academic structures, health care systems, the role of public health, and the kind of society we envision for ourselves and future generations. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S3):S314–S320. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306819 )
Climate Change, Public Health, Health Policy, and Nurses Training
Authors: Harris Orlando O. , Bialous Stella Aguinaga , Muench Ulrike , Chapman Susan , Dawson-Rose Carol 
Published: June 2022

There are few educational programs in the United States that have a primary focus on preparing nurses to engage in all levels of public health, health policy, and climate change. The United Nations sustainability development goals (SDG) and the Future of Nursing 2020–2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity (2021) report underscored the importance of key stakeholders, including nurses, engaging in advocacy and policy to promote health equity. We discuss the role of nursing at the intersection of public health, policy, climate change, and the SDG. We also discuss the history and merger of the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) School of Nursing public health and health policy specialties, a significant innovation in our effort to promote health equity. We provide a brief overview of the redesigning of our curriculum that meets the needs of today’s learners by including content on climate change, data analytics, and racial, social, and environmental justice. Finally, we emphasize the need to train the next cadre of nurses interested in careers in public health and health policy for us to meet the challenges facing our communities. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S3):S321–S327. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306826 )
Development and Verification of Triple-Ridge-Shaped Cutter for PDC Bits
Authors: Shao Fangyuan , Liu Wei , Gao Deli , Zhao Xing 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutter is the key component of PDC bits, whose rock-breaking characteristics are particularly crucial for the bit performance. Based on the understanding on rock-breaking characteristics of various shaped cutters, the multiridge-shaped cutter has been developed to improve the cutting efficiency and durability of PDC cutters. The design of multiple ridges combines the advantages of both the shaped cutter and the reasonable narrow cutter spacing of the bit cutting structure. More specifically, a triple-ridge-shaped cutter (TSC) was compared with the widely used axe-shaped cutter (ASC) in this work to recognize the superiority of the novel multiridge cutter shape. Numerical simulation, laboratory experiments, and field testing were performed to investigate the cutter-rock interactions of TSC and ASC. Numerical simulations were carried out using nonlinear finite element software LS-DYNA and verified by the single cutter testing. Both numerical and experimental results proved that the stress concentration caused by the triple-ridge cutter shape of TSC is significantly greater than that of ASC during the cutter-rock interaction. And the tangential force of TSC is much less than that of ASC under the same cutting conditions, indicating that the PDC bit equipped with TSCs requires less torque while drilling. According to the results of the fractal analysis model of cuttings and the mechanical specific energy (MSE), TSC consumed less drilling energy than ASC to break the same volume of rock, which demonstrated that the TSC has greater cutting efficiency than ASC. Beneficially, the greater cutting aggressivity of TSC in turn improves the wear resistance. The laboratory wear and impact tests presented that TSC outperforms ASC in both wear resistance and impact resistance, indicating better durability under downhole. Although only one controlled experiment was conducted in the field, the field test result showed over 100% improvement in average rate of penetration. In short, the numerical, laboratory, and field testing have confirmed a great potential of TSC in improving the cutting efficiency and durability of PDC bits. The results of this work will provide valuable guidance for the development of shaped PDC cutters to overcome engineering limitations.
Human-oriented economy: elaborating a definition
Authors: Nasyrova S. I. 
Published: June 2022

Objective: to develop the conceptual provisions and conceptual-categorical apparatus of a human-oriented economy by developing approaches to the definition of a human-oriented economy and determining the universal and specifi characteristics of the phenomenon under study.Methods: content analysis, the method of formal logic, the method of two-level triadic decryption of categories.Results: the discrepancy was revealed between the existing theoretical approaches to human-oriented economy and the socioeconomic relations resulting from the increasing role of human needs associated with human development; the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the human-oriented economy was constructed through the synthesis of two methods: formal logic and two-level triadic decoding of the category; the understanding of the necessary (satisfaction of human needs) and sufficient (objective necessity of human needs) conditions for the development of a human-oriented economy was revealed; two levels of triads of concepts characterizing the essence of a human-centered economy are defined: human nature (biological, cognitive, social), resources (human, material, informational), goods (products, services, ideas).Scientific novelty: the article constructs the new definition of a “human-oriented economy”, which unlike those available in the literature allows complete interpretation of this concept, covering its fundamental qualitative characteristics.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be widely used in scientific activity in order to develop the conceptual apparatus of a human-oriented economy, as well as to form a holistic scientifically subtantiated theory of human-oriented economy. The results obtained are the starting point for the formation of approaches designed to determine the level of development of the human-centered economy in Russia in order to develop a set of measures for its effective management.
). Institute of intellectual property in the context of the Russian innovative system development
Authors: Shiriaev I. M. , Maskaev A. I. , Tsygankov S. S. 
Published: June 2022

Objective: to identify the main features of the impact of the intellectual property institute on the Russian innovation system development using the analysis of theoretical studies and narratives on the impact of intellectual property on innovations.Methods: qualitative methods of analysis of institutions (narrative analysis), analysis of statistical data.Results: the difference between the traditional, mixed and heterodox approaches to substantiating or criticizing the intellectual property institute is shown. To illustrate the ideas of each of the selected approaches, relevant examples of narratives are given, which describe the impact of intellectual property on innovative activity. Based on the study of the global experience in overcoming problems related to intellectual property, it is shown that many countries have long been taking measures to limit the validity of foreign patents in order to support the innovative activity of national enterprises. The analysis of narratives also demonstrates the existence of a typical narrative about the rejection of international patents in the field of medicines production and medical technologies, justified by the state’s concern for the health and safety of the population. Scientific novelty: it consists in applying the methodology of narrative economics to the analysis of intellectual property and its role in the Russian innovation system.Practical significance: the main provisions of the article can be used to review the inefficiency of the existing intellectual property institute and to propose promising ways to reform it.
Processing industry of Russia, anticrisis measures, credit excess and offers for the Bank of Russia under new anti-Russia sanctions
Authors: Andryushin S. A. , Grigoryev R. A. 
Published: June 2022

Objective: to analyze the transformations in the Russian manufacturing industry associated with the massive renewal of the material and technical base of the machine-building sector.Methods: the article uses empirical, logical, comparative and statistical methods of analysis.Results: under the new sanctions, mechanical engineering, primary machine-building, should become the main area of transformations in the Russian industry, functioning on a new technological basis. The article analyzes the Russian machinebuilding sector and the development strategy of the manufacturing industry for the period up to 2035; the sources of financing of the Russian manufacturing industry are investigated; the current state of development of the Russian manufacturing sectors for January-March 2022 is shown; the anti-crisis measures of the Bank of Russia in the context of new economic sanctions are analyzed; a package of additional measures is considered related to the relief of credit overheating, accounts payable and receivables at Russian industrial enterprises in the short-, mediumand long-term.Scientific novelty: under the large-scale restructuring of the Russian economy, the Bank of Russia needs to switch to the nominal GDP targeting mode, to carry out the denomination of settlements and payments for export products in rubles tied to the target price of gold as a standard of value; to minimize and mitigate the risks of inflationary factors in industry by creating a Bank of bad debts.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used to carry out a large-scale modernization of the manufacturing industry of the Russian economy, ensuring the flow of modern technologies and products to the domestic market and taking into account the technical and economic features of the development of Russian regions.
Counteracting the practices of sham transactions: market manipulations and using insider trading
Authors: Kurnosov A. V. 
Published: June 2022

Objective: to consider approaches to countering the use of unfair transaction practices, in particular, market manipulations and insider trading within the functions and powers of the Bank of Russia.Methods: the work used a combination of methods of dialectical, empirical, comparative and logical research.Results: approaches to the definition of market manipulation are established, the main methods of market manipulation are considered. The activity of the Bank of Russia to identify unfair practices in the Russian financial market was studied; the amount of market manipulation cases was identified and analyzed. The approaches were shown, which exist within the framework of the financial market development strategy to counteract the use of unfair transactions practices, including the practices of market manipulation and the use of insider trading; promising areas of development in the specified areas were identified.Scientific novelty: the article consolidates the dynamics of the activities of the Bank of Russia, the probable problem areas and the potential in the field of countering the unfair transactions practices, including market manipulation and insider trading; the amount of identified cases of market manipulation is analyzed.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in the further analysis of countering the use of unfair behavior practices in the financial market and in forming a glossary.
Using a digital payment infrastructure for criminal incomes legalization: main trends
Authors: Khisamova Z. I. 
Published: June 2022

Objective: to identify the main trends in using the digital payment infrastructure for the legalization of criminal revenues. Methods: the methodological basis of the research is a set of methods of scientific cognition, including analysis, synthesis, analogy and comparison.Results: assessing the law enforcement practice in the field of using the digital payment infrastructure for the legalization of criminal revenues and the activities of law enforcement agencies in the field of money laundering at the global level, the author identified and analyzed the following main trends: a) the convergence with the position of the group developing financial measures to combat money laundering in terms of regulation, despite the absence of uniform rules; b) the active inclusion into the sphere of criminal legislation of norms aimed at prohibiting the use of digital assets for money laundering;the problem of jurisdictions and the lack of supranational regulation mechanisms; d) the consolidation of law enforcement efforts and joint operations to curb criminal activity; e) the active use of the confiscation The author comes to the conclusion that the initiative of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs and other law enforcement agencies to develop a mechanism for the confiscation of digital assets in the absence of positive regulation seems to be a very inaccurate solution, although determined by the objective circumstances and criminogenic situation.Scientific novelty: the study evaluates the law enforcement practice in the field under consideration and the activities of law enforcement agencies in the field of money laundering at the global level; it highlights the key trends in the use of digital payment infrastructure for money laundering.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the research can be used by legal scholars, legislators, lawyers and law enforcement officers in the development and improvement of mechanisms to counter the use of digital payment infrastructure for the legalization of criminal revenues.
Mediation in criminal misdemeanor cases
Authors: Charkoudian L. , Walter J. , Harmon-Darrow C. , Bernstein J. 
Published: June 2022

Objective: to fill a research gap by examining the shortand long-term impact of community mediation in criminal misdemeanor cases within the context of potentially ongoing relationships.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, using the general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition, based on it, including telephone polling and studying cases data.Results: Diversion of criminal misdemeanors to mediation by district attorneys has been practiced since the 1970s, but research on its impact on critical outcomes like recidivism is scant and outdated. This quasi-experimental study compares 78 mediated cases from a county that diverts cases to mediation with 128 cases in a similar neighboring county that does not, using phone surveys and case review to ask whether recidivism in mediated cases differs from cases prosecuted or treated as usual over the subsequent year. Controlling for case factors and attitudes toward conflict, a case that is not mediated was five times more likely to result in judicial action, five times more likely to result in jury trial demand, and ten times more likely to result in supervised probation or jail time, and mediated cases were almost five times less likely to return to criminal court in the subsequent year than those that were not mediated.Scientific novelty: Preliminary analysis of case characteristics revealed that cases in the mediation and comparison group had the following characteristics: defendants had no prior felony convictions, did not have multiple misdemeanor charges, and had no outstanding warrants. Charges involving any type of weapon, drugs, or violence more serious than second degree assault had been excluded from the comparison group since they are usually excluded from diversion to mediation.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to mediation in criminal misdemeanor cases.The article was first published in English language by Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society and The Western Society of Criminology Hosting by Scholastica. For more information please contact: CCJLS@WesternCriminology.org.For original publication: Charkoudian, L., Walter, J., Harmon-Darrow, C., Bernstein, J. (2021). Mediation in Criminal MisdemeanorCases. Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society, 22 (3), 14–29.Publication URL: https://ccjls.scholasticahq.com/article/30144-mediation-in-criminal-misdemeanor-cases
In silico studies of Mpro and PLpro from SARS-CoV-2 and a new class of Cephalosporin drugs containing 1,2,4-thiadiazole
Authors: Delgado Cássia Pereira , Rocha João Batista Teixeira , Orian Laura , Nogara Pablo Andrei , Bortoli Marco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The proteases from SARS-CoV-2, i.e., Mpro and PLpro, are important targets for the development of antivirals against COVID-19. The functional group 1,2,4-thiadiazole was demonstrated to inhibit cysteine proteases, such as papain and Cathepsins, and it is found in a new class of cephalosporin FDA-approved drugs: Ceftaroline Fosamil, Ceftobiprole, and Ceftobiprole Medocaril. In this work, we investigate the interactions of these drugs and their metabolites with the SARS-CoV-2 proteasesby molecular docking and density functional theory (DFT) calculations and propose a mechanism of inhibition as well. Our results indicate that the PLpro enzyme could be a better target for these drugs than the Mpro, suggesting that these compounds and metabolites can be tested inin vitro/vivo assays to confirm their inhibitory action. In addition, the data here reported can help in the design of new potential drugs against COVID-19.
Evaluating a tool to improve engagement and recruitment of underserved groups in trials
Authors: Morris Lydia , Dumville Jo , Treweek Shaun , Miah Nasima , Curtis Ffion , Bower Pete 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite substantial awareness that certain groups (e.g. ethnic minorities) are under-represented and under-served in trials, limited progress has been made in addressing this. As well as a public service and ethical duty to recruit and engage under-served groups in relevant research, importantly there are clear scientific benefits; for example, increased generalisability. The key aims of the current study were to explore the following: general barriers and facilitators to enhancing the recruitment of under-served group into trials; the usability and value of a specific tool (INCLUDE Ethnicity Framework) to support engagement and recruitment of under-served groups; ways of engaging diverse patient, public and community involvement and engagement (PCIE) groups.Methods: Firstly researchers completed a brief survey in relation to a specific trial in which they were involved (N = 182, 38% response rate). A second stage involved sampling survey respondents and asking them to complete the INCLUDE Ethnicity Framework and then a remote semi-structured interview (N = 15). Qualitative data were analysed using Thematic Analysis. Finally, we conducted a consultation process with PCIE contributors primarily to develop guidelines for discussing the INCLUDE Ethnicity Framework with PCIE representatives.Results: Researchers recognised the importance of increasing engagement and recruitment of under-served groups within trials, but varied in their knowledge, ability and commitment to implementation in practice. The INCLUDE Ethnicity Framework was described by some as raising their awareness of how inclusion could be improved. Respondents highlighted a need for shared resources and wider structural change to facilitate such engagement. PCIE was identified, in the survey and interviews, as the most common method of trying to improve recruitment of under-served groups. However, researchers also commonly highlighted that PCIE groups were sometimes not very diverse. Conclusions: There is a need for researchers to consider the funding and time resources required for diverse and inclusive recruitment to trials, and for funders to enable this. The INCLUDE Ethnicity Framework can help to raise awareness of inclusion challenges. This study indicates that it is important to take proactive steps to involve relevant under-served groups in PCIE and practical suggestions are made to facilitate this.