bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring the process and rate of exogenous DNA degradation during digestion in mice
Authors: Xing Ruiqi , Liu Hui , Qi Xia , Pan Lingzi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to perform qualitative and quantitative examination of DNA degradation during the digestion process in the mouse gut through PCR, qPCR and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. Human blood leukocytes were gavaged into the digestive tract in mice. GAPDH, TH01, TPOX and D7S820 genes in the contents of the stomach and small intestine were analyzed with PCR and qPCR at various times pre- and post-gavage. Through STR analysis, 21 human genomic DNA loci were analyzed. The half-life of DNA degradation, and the relationship between the average peak area and digestion time were determined. The PCR results showed bands of amplified genes at pre-gavage (0 min) and post-gavage (40, 80 and 120 min) from the mouse stomach contents, whereas no DNA bands from small intestinal chyme were observed after gavage. The qPCR results revealed a significant decrease in DNA concentrations during 40–120 min in the mouse stomach after gavage. At 120 min, 85.62 ± 8.10% of the DNA was degraded, and the half-life of exogenous DNA degradation in the mouse stomach was 70.50 ± 5.46 min. At various digestion times, almost no target genes were detected in the mouse small intestinal chyme. STR analysis showed a decrease in allele numbers with bowel advancement in the small intestine in mice. The degradation of exogenous DNA was higher in the mouse stomach during the first 2 h, and almost complete degradation was observed within 40 min after entering the small intestine in mice.
On the pseudo-hyperbolic behavior of charge transfer resistance–temperature dependence in corrosion behavior of Nickel based glass alloy
Authors: Emran Khadijah M. , Omar Inam M. A. , Arab Sanaa T. , Ouerfelli Noureddine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTemperature plays an important role in promoting the corrosion of metals. The Arrhenius plot can interpret the corrosion rate-temperature dependence, where the Arrhenius behavior gives a geometrical meaning and makes explicit a positive or negative linear dependence of charge transitivity and temperature. In addition, according to the Arrhenius interpretation, it represents the energy that the molecule in the initial state of the process must acquire before it can take part in the reaction, whether it is a physical, or a chemical process. Taking into account the deviation from the linearity, we have extended the Arrhenius-type expression by one term in 1/T2 and we have given some physical meaning to the new related coefficients for which it is found that they depend closely on the number of acid hydrogen atoms in the polyacid for the corrosion and passivation of the Nickel based metallic glass alloy of the composition Ni82.3Cr7Fe3Si4.5B3.2. Moreover, we can consider that the deviation to the Arrhenius linear behavior as a super-Arrhenius behavior In addition, a mathematical analysis of the trend of experimental scatter points of the charge transfer resistance with temperature permits us to reveal an interesting homographic behavior which leads us to suggest an original empirical model with only two optimal adjustable parameters, as well as a new pseudo-power dependence of the number of hydrogen atoms in the polyacid.
The paradigm of drug resistance in cancer: an epigenetic perspective
Authors: Adhikari Swagata , Bhattacharya Apoorva , Adhikary Santanu , Singh Vipin , Gadad Shrikanth S. , Roy Siddhartha , Das Chandrima 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Innate and acquired resistance towards the conventional therapeutic regimen imposes a significant challenge for the successful management of cancer for decades. In patients with advanced carcinomas, acquisition of drug resistance often leads to tumor recurrence and poor prognosis after the first therapeutic cycle. In this context, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as the prime drivers of therapy resistance in cancer due to their ‘non-targetable’ nature. Drug resistance in cancer is immensely influenced by different properties of CSCs such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a profound expression of drug efflux pump genes, detoxification genes, quiescence, and evasion of apoptosis, has been highlighted in this review article. The crucial epigenetic alterations that are intricately associated with regulating different mechanisms of drug resistance, have been discussed thoroughly. Additionally, special attention is drawn towards the epigenetic mechanisms behind the interaction between the cancer cells and their microenvironment which assists in tumor progression and therapy resistance. Finally, we have provided a cumulative overview of the alternative treatment strategies and epigenome-modifying therapies that show the potential of sensitizing the resistant cells towards the conventional treatment strategies. Thus, this review summarizes the epigenetic and molecular background behind therapy resistance, the prime hindrance of present day anti-cancer therapies, and provides an account of the novel complementary epi-drug-based therapeutic strategies to combat drug resistance.
The Effects of Iconic Gestures and Babble Language on Word Intelligibility in Sentence Context
Authors: Wilms Veerle , Drijvers Linda , Brouwer Susanne 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
This study investigated to what extent iconic co-speech gestures help word intelligibility in sentence context in two different linguistic maskers (native vs. foreign). It was hypothesized that sentence recognition improves with the presence of iconic co-speech gestures and with foreign compared to native babble.

Method:

Thirty-two native Dutch participants performed a Dutch word recognition task in context in which they were presented with videos in which an actress uttered short Dutch sentences (e.g.,
Ze begint te openen,
“She starts to open”). Participants were presented with a total of six audiovisual conditions: no background noise (i.e., clear condition) without gesture, no background noise with gesture, French babble without gesture, French babble with gesture, Dutch babble without gesture, and Dutch babble with gesture; and they were asked to type down what was said by the Dutch actress. The accurate identification of the action verbs at the end of the target sentences was measured.

Results:
The results demonstrated that performance on the task was better in the gesture compared to the nongesture conditions (i.e., gesture enhancement effect). In addition, performance was better in French babble than in Dutch babble.

Conclusions:
Listeners benefit from iconic co-speech gestures during communication and from foreign background speech compared to native. These insights into multimodal communication may be valuable to everyone who engages in multimodal communication and especially to a public who often works in public places where competing speech is present in the background.
One‐dimensional high‐gain beam‐scanning transmitarray fed by phased array with continuous electronic scan and low scan loss
Authors: Zhu Liting , Guo Xin , Wu Wen , Fang Da‐Gang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, the design of a one‐dimensional high‐gain beam‐scanning transmitarray fed by a phased array with continuous electronic scan and low scan loss is displayed and demonstrated. The feeding linear phased array realizes continuous beam scanning in one plane. And the transmitarray performs phase compensation along another plane to increase the gain. The traditional array‐fed scanning transmitarray has homogeneous phase compensation in one direction. Differently, the phase compensation in the proposed method is carefully designed considering that the beam is scanning. By designing the phase distribution of the transmitarray column by column, the scan loss is successfully reduced. The experimental results of a designed scanning transmitarray fed by a phased array without feeding network show the peak gain of 22.76 dBi and the scan loss of only 1.43 dB within the scanning range of ±35° at the centre frequency of 13.5 GHz. Hence, the advantages of continuous electronic scan, high gain, and low scan loss are validated. Moreover, by integrating the power divider and phase shifters into the feeding phased array, the measured gain increment of 8.26–9.89 dB and the scan loss of 1.74 dB within ±35° are obtained.
Mathematical modelling and control of bearingless brushless direct current machine with motor and generator double modes for flywheel battery
Authors: Liu Yichen , Zhu Huangqiu , Xu Bo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe performance of flywheel battery is affected by the vibration and friction of traditional mechanical bearing. A novel kind of bearingless brushless direct current machine (BBLDCM) with the hybrid capabilities of electrical machine and suspension is suitable for flywheel battery which reduces the losses and improves the power quality. The structure and the principle of suspension force in generator are introduced first. Then, the mathematical models of BBLDCM are deduced, especially the mathematical models of suspension force in motor and generator modes. The finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out to prove the validity of the mathematical model and distinguish the difference of mathematical models between the motor mode and the generator mode. Furthermore, the control system of the BBLDCM is established according to the mathematical model deduced above. The simulations of rotation, power generation and suspension are accomplished. Finally, the experiments are carried out through the BBLDCM digital control platform. The results of simulations and experiments show an excellent working performance and a stable suspension of rotor without any mechanical contact of BBLDCM in both motor and generator modes which verify the validity of mathematical models.
The evolution of high-density cores of the BOSS Great Wall superclusters
Authors: Einasto Maret , Tenjes Peeter , Gramann Mirt , Lietzen Heidi , Kipper Rain , Liivamägi Lauri Juhan , Tempel Elmo , Sankhyayan Shishir , Einasto Jaan 
Published: April 2022

Context.High-density cores (HDCs) of galaxy superclusters that embed rich clusters and groups of galaxies are the earliest large objects to form in the cosmic web, and the largest objects that may collapse in the present or future.Aims.We aim to study the dynamical state and possible evolution of the HDCs in the BOSS Great Wall (BGW) superclusters at redshiftz ≈ 0.5 from the CMASS (constant mass) galaxy sample, based on the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) in order to understand the growth and evolution of structures in the Universe.Methods.We analysed the luminosity density distribution in the BGW superclusters to determine the HDCs in them. We derived the density contrast values for the spherical collapse model in a wide range of redshifts and used these values to study the dynamical state and possible evolution of the HDCs of the BGW superclusters. The masses of the HDCs were calculated using stellar masses of galaxies in them. We found the masses and radii of the turnaround and future collapse regions in the HDCs of the BGW superclusters and compared them with those of local superclusters.Results.We determined eight HDCs in the BGW superclusters. The masses of their turnaround regions are in the range ofMT ≈ 0.4–3.3 × 1015 h−1 M⊙, and radii are in the range ofRT ≈ 3.5–7 h−1Mpc. The radii of their future collapse regions are in the range ofRFC ≈ 4–8 h−1Mpc. Distances between individual cores in superclusters are much larger: of the order of 25–35 h−1Mpc. The richness and sizes of the HDCs are comparable with those of the HDCs of the richest superclusters in the local Universe.Conclusions.The BGW superclusters will probably evolve to several poorer superclusters with masses similar to those of the local superclusters. This may weaken the tension with the ΛCDM model, which does not predict a large number of very rich and large superclusters in our local cosmic neighbourhood, and explains why there are no superclusters as elongated as those in the BGW in the local Universe.
5-Year Follow-Up of Endovascular Management in a Patient with Chronic Concomitant DeBakey Type II and IIIa Aortic Dissection
Authors: Siddiq Taofan , Dakota Iwan , Adiarto Suko , Indriani Suci , Sugisman Sugisman , Permana Asmoko Resta , Shu Chang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe incidence of chronic concomitant DeBakey Type II and IIIa aortic dissection is uncommon and complex. Since the mortality rate is very high, it requires a precise and holistic treatment plan. In some cases, when the patients refuse to undergo open surgery or the patients' condition is not suitable for open surgery, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is the recommended therapeutic approach. In this case, a patient refused to undergo open surgery and chose TEVAR instead. The patient survived the procedure and lived for years. We present the case of a successful TEVAR procedure in a patient with chronic concomitant DeBakey Type II and IIIa aortic dissection in a 51-year-old man and the 5-year postoperative follow-up of the patient's condition.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Unusual Neoplasms Related to Foramen of Luschka: A Review for Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Demir Mustafa Kemal , Özdamarlar Umut , Yılmaz Baran , Akakın Akın , Kılıc Turker 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThere are many types of neoplasms in or around the foramen of Luschka (FL), and definitive diagnosis in some cases requires knowledge of imaging findings. The uncommon and challenging neoplasms with FL involvement considered in this study are exophytic brainstem glioma, primary glioblastoma of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), primary anaplastic ependymoma of the CPA, choroid plexus papilloma of the FL, solitary FL choroid plexus metastasis, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the jugular foramen, paraganglioma of the jugular foramen, exostosis of the jugular foramen, psammomatous meningioma in the lateral cerebellar medullary cistern, epidermoid tumor of the fourth ventricle, and a hypoglossal schwannoma. These neoplasms may have overlapping clinical and imaging features, but some have relatively distinct imaging features. Knowledge of the key clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features of these unusual lesions with FL involvement is important for radiologists to improve diagnostic ability and to assist the referring physician in the appropriate management of the patient.
Quality of Life among Survivors of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Treated with Definitive Chemoradiotherapy in a Decade of Transition
Authors: Chua Vannesza Hendricke , Yu Kelvin Ken , Chua Patricia Andrea , Chua Raphael Joseph , Chua Robeley May , Chun Yae Na , Mariano Jocelyn , Gonzalez Gil , Ortin Teresa Sy , Bacorro Warren 
Published: April 2022

Introduction The standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) is concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy (BRT) advances in the last decade have resulted in improved local control and survival. There is a lack of data on quality of life (QoL) among survivors.Objective This systematic review aimed to synthesize published data on QoL among LACC survivors treated with CRT and determine clinical factors of QoL.Methods Systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect for relevant articles published in 2010 to 2020. Eligible studies on LACC survivors aged 18 years and above, who reported QoL after CRT, were included. Screening and data extraction were done by two pairs of independent reviewers.Results Five cohort studies, three cross sectional studies, and one clinical trial were included. Reported temporal evolution of QoL varied: two studies reported improvement of overall QoL, while four reported worsening of symptoms. Gastrointestinal, genitourinary, sexual, and psychosocial domains showed significant impairment. Age, stage, and baseline distress and physical condition were clinical determinants of body image, sexual activity, menopausal symptoms, distress, and dyspnea. Peripheral neuropathy, lymphedema, and dyspnea were reported, while grade 3 to 4 gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal toxicities were rare.Conclusion Use of advanced EBRT and BRT techniques is associated with improving QoL in the first 3 years from treatment completion. Gastrointestinal, genitourinary, sexual, and psychosocial functions remain impaired on the long-term. Other late toxicities worth noting include peripheral neuropathy, lower limb edema, and insufficiency fractures.
Food web rewiring drives long-term compositional differences and late-disturbance interactions at the community level
Authors: Polazzo Francesco , Marina Tomás I. , Crettaz-Minaglia Melina , Rico Andreu 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Multiple anthropogenic disturbances affect the structure and functioning of communities. Recent evidence highlighted that, after pulse disturbance, the functioning a community performs may be recovered fast due to functional redundancy, whereas community multivariate composition needs a longer time. Yet, the mechanisms that drive the different community recovery times have not been quantified empirically. We use quantitative food-web analysis to assess the influence of species interactions on community recovery. We found species-interactions strength to be the main mechanism driving differences between structural and functional recovery. Additionally, we show that interactions between multiple disturbances appear in the long term only when both species-interaction strength and food-web architecture change significantly.
Origin of iodine preferential attack at sulfur in phosphorothioate and subsequent P-O or P-S bond dissociation
Authors: Huang Qiang , Lee Ga Young , Li Jiayi , Wang Chuan , Zhao Rosalinda L. , Deng Zixin , Houk K. N. , Zhao Yi-Lei 
Published: April 2022

Significance
Iodine-induced cleavage is widely used for detecting bacterial DNA phosphorothioation in gel electrophoresis, deep sequencing, and single-molecule optical mapping. However, we lack quantitative understanding of the phosphorothioate DNA (PT-DNA) cleavage efficiency and the chemoselectivity of this method for determination of phosphorothioate vs. phosphate. Computational explorations now reveal why iodine selectively attacks at sulfur in phosphorothioate links but not at normal phosphates. The active role of Tris buffer in the PT-DNA cleavage, and the factors controlling cleavage efficiency, were also revealed. Cleavage efficiency is limited by competition between the desired DNA backbone cleavage and unwanted P-S/P-O conversion. These mechanistic studies will guide the development of new methods for iodine-induced specific PT-DNA cleavage.
Self-adaptive integration of photothermal and radiative cooling for continuous energy harvesting from the sun and outer space
Authors: Ao Xianze , Li Bowen , Zhao Bin , Hu Mingke , Ren Hui , Yang Honglun , Liu Jie , Cao Jingyu , Feng Junsheng , Yang Yuanjun , Qi Zeming , Li Liangbin , Zou Chongwen , Pei Gang 
Published: April 2022

Significance
The sun (∼6,000 K) and outer space (∼3 K) are two natural energy resources for humans. However, most of the approaches of energy harvesting from the sun and rejecting energy to outer space are achieved independently using absorbers and emitters with static spectral properties. Herein, a spectrally self-adaptive structure with strong solar absorption and switchable emissivity within the atmospheric window (i.e., 8 to 13 μm) is experimentally demonstrated to achieve diurnal solar thermal and nocturnal radiative cooling efficiently. The experiment shows that the proposed structure not only can be heated to 185°C in diurnal mode but also be cooled to −12°C in nocturnal mode. This work opens new possibilities for continuously efficient energy harvesting utilizing the sun and the universe.
No diurnal variation is present in maximal fat oxidation during exercise in young healthy women: A cross‐over study
Authors: Robles‐González Lidia , Aguilar‐Navarro Millán , López‐Samanes Álvaro , Ruiz‐Moreno Carlos , Muñoz Alejandro , Varillas‐Delgado David , Gutiérrez‐Hellín Jorge , Helge Jørn W. , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Amaro‐Gahete Francisco J. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTMaximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO) and the intensity that elicits MFO (Fatmax) seems to show a diurnal variation in men, which favours an increased performance in the afternoon than the morning. At present, it remains unknown whether the observed MFO and Fatmax diurnal variation in men is also present in women. Therefore, the current study examined the diurnal variations of MFO and Fatmax in women. Nineteen healthy women (age: 26.9 ± 8.7 years, maximum oxygen uptake: 39.8 ± 6.5 ml/kg/min) participated in the study. MFO and Fatmax were determined by a graded exercise test in cycloergometer using a cross‐over design performed on two separate daytime schedules, one conducted in the morning (8am–11am) and one in the afternoon (5pm–8pm). Stoichiometric equations were used to calculate fat oxidation rates. There were no significant differences between MFO‐morning and MFO‐afternoon (0.24 ± 0.10 vs. 0.23 ± 0.07 g/min, respectively; P = 0.681). Similarly, there was no significant differences between Fatmax‐morning and Fatmax‐afternoon (41.1 ± 4.7 vs. 42.6 ± 5.5% of maximal oxygen uptake, respectively; P = 0.305). These results persisted after controlling for fat mass percentage (all P > 0.5). In summary, the main finding of the present study was that MFO and Fatmax were similar independent of the time‐of‐day when the exercise test is performed in healthy women. These results have important clinical implications since they suggest that, in contrast to what was found in men, MFO and Fatmax show similar rates during the course of the day in women.Highlights
MFO and Fatmax were similar during the afternoon and morning in young healthy women.
Our results suggest that, in women, it does not matter when endurance exercise is performed in term of fat metabolism during exercise.
Dynamic and fluctuation properties of a graphene disk levitated by a diamagnetic force in air
Authors: Inui Norio , Maebuchi Kazunori 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A graphene disk can be levitated above a magnet by a repulsive force arising from their diamagnetic interaction if the product of the magnetic field and its gradient is sufficiently large. The diamagnetic force also causes the rotation of the graphene disk because of the strong anisotropy of the magnetic permeability of graphene; thus a motion of centroid and rotation are considered by solving simultaneous Langevin equations. Furthermore, the dependence of a fluctuations of the position and angle of the levitated graphene disk on the size and temperature is also explained.
Deep blue exciplex tandem OLEDs using n- and p-doped planar heterojunction as a charge generation layer
Authors: Fan Yuxuan , Sun Ahui , Tian Yuhe , Zhou Pengchao , Niu Yixiao , Shi Wei , Wei Bin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The tandem organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have the advantages of small current density, high current efficiency (CE), and long lifetime. We have developed the conventional and inverted tandem OLEDs using n- and p-doped planar heterojunction as a charge generation layer (CGL). The CGL consists of the bathophenanthroline:Cs2CO3 and N,N’-di-[(1-naphthalenyl)-N,N’-diphenyl]-1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine:MoO3 bilayer structure to connect the deep blue- and deep red-emitting units. The turn-on voltage, luminescence, CE, and external quantum efficiencies of the conventional tandem OLED are 7.2 V, 5083 cd m−2, 8.45 cd A−1, and 13.94%, respectively, and the color rendering ability remains stable at a high current density of 60 mA cm−2. Moreover, the efficiency roll-off of the inverted tandem OLED is optimized to 5.5% at a luminance of 1000 cd m−2. Furthermore, a large-area (50 × 50 mm2) parallel OLEDs with a tunable red-emitting area are fabricated. The development of the OLEDs provides a new direction for the application of OLEDs in plant growth.