bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet photodissociation of Mg+–NO complex: Ion imaging of a reaction branching in the excited states
Authors: Ito Yuri , Nakashima Yuji , Okutsu Kenichi , Nakano Motoyoshi , Misaizu Fuminori 
Published: September 2022

Ultraviolet photodissociation processes of gas phase Mg+–NO complex were studied by photofragment ion imaging experiments and theoretical calculations for excited electronic states. At 355 nm excitation, both Mg+ and NO+ photofragment ions were observed with positive anisotropy parameters, and theoretical calculations revealed that the two dissociation channels originate from an electronic transition from a bonding orbital consisting of Mg+ 3s and NO π* orbitals to an antibonding counterpart. For the NO+ channel, the photofragment image exhibited a high anisotropy (β = 1.53 ± 0.07), and a relatively large fraction (∼40%) of the available energy was partitioned into translational energy. These observations are rationalized by proposing a rapid dissociation process on a repulsive potential energy surface correlated to the Mg(1S) + NO+(1Σ) dissociation limit. In contrast, for the Mg+ channel, the angular distribution was more isotropic (β = 0.48 ± 0.03) and only ∼25% of the available energy was released into translational energy. The differences in the recoil distribution for these competing channels imply a reaction branching on the excited state surface. On the theoretical potential surface of the excited state, we found a deep well facilitating an isomerization from bent geometry in the Franck–Condon region to linear and/or T-shaped isomer. As a result, the Mg+ fragment was formed via the structural change followed by further relaxation to lower electronic states correlated to the Mg+(2S) + NO(2Π) exit channel.
Valence molecular orbitals and cationic structures of 2-fluoropyridine by high-resolution ion spectroscopy and Franck–Condon fitting
Authors: Lee Yu Ran , Kwon Chan Ho 
Published: September 2022

The alteration of the valence molecular orbitals’ ordering of halopyridine molecules, by the introduction of a halogen atom(s) as substituent on the pyridine ring, has spurred an extensive interest for their investigation. Herein, the effect of a fluorine substituent on the two outermost orbitals of pyridine was elucidated by investigating the photoionization dynamics of 2-fluoropyridine (2-FP), considering that the geometrical changes with respect to the neutral geometry induced by adiabatic ionic transition affect the vacuum ultraviolet mass-analyzed threshold ionization (VUV-MATI) spectrum. The adiabatic ionization energy associated with the 0-0 band on the measured high-resolution VUV-MATI spectrum was determined to be 9.6702 ± 0.0004 eV (77 995 ± 3 cm−1), which differs considerably from the 9.401 eV by two-color ionization spectroscopy. Franck–Condon simulation of the MATI spectrum corresponded quantitatively with the experimental results. Interestingly, among the forbidden transitions under CS symmetry, an out-of-plane ring-bending mode resulting from the warped cationic structure of 2-FP with C1 symmetry was discovered. Rigorously, among the unassigned peaks, the first prominent peak at 78 532 cm−1 should rather be assigned as the origin of the excited electronic state (D1) of the 2-FP cation, in accordance with time-dependent density functional theory calculations. Natural bond orbital analysis led to the conclusion that such observations could be induced by electron removal from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) consisting of the π orbital of the pyridine ring and lone-pair orbital of the fluorine atom or from the HOMO-1 of the molecular non-bonding orbitals, to generate the two proximate electronic states of the cation.
Metabolic novelty originating from horizontal gene transfer is essential for leaf beetle survival
Authors: Kirsch Roy , Okamura Yu , Haeger Wiebke , Vogel Heiko , Kunert Grit , Pauchet Yannick 
Published: September 2022

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) provides an evolutionary shortcut for recipient organisms to gain novel functions. Although reports of HGT in higher eukaryotes are rapidly accumulating, in most cases the evolutionary trajectory, metabolic integration, and ecological relevance of acquired genes remain unclear. Plant cell wall degradation by HGT-derived enzymes is widespread in herbivorous insect lineages. Pectin is an abundant polysaccharide in the walls of growing parts of plants. We investigated the significance of horizontally acquired pectin-digesting polygalacturonases (PGs) of the leaf beetlePhaedon cochleariae. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-guided gene knockout approach, we generated a triple knockout and a quadruple PG-null mutant in order to investigate the enzymatic, biological, and ecological effects. We found that pectin-digestion 1) is exclusively linked to the horizontally acquired PGs from fungi, 2) became fixed in the host genome by gene duplication leading to functional redundancy, 3) compensates for nutrient-poor diet by making the nutritious cell contents more accessible, and 4) facilitates the beetles development and survival. Our analysis highlights the selective advantage PGs provide to herbivorous insects and demonstrate the impact of HGT on the evolutionary success of leaf-feeding beetles, major contributors to species diversity.
Monosomy X in isogenic human iPSC-derived trophoblast model impacts expression modules preserved in human placenta
Authors: Ahern Darcy T. , Bansal Prakhar , Armillei Maria K. , Faustino Isaac V. , Kondaveeti Yuvabharath , Glatt-Deeley Heather R. , Banda Erin C. , Pinter Stefan F. 
Published: September 2022

Mammalian sex chromosomes encode homologous X/Y gene pairs that were retained on the Y chromosome in males and escape X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in females. Inferred to reflect X/Y pair dosage sensitivity, monosomy X is a leading cause of miscarriage in humans with near full penetrance. This phenotype is shared with many other mammals but not the mouse, which offers sophisticated genetic tools to generate sex chromosomal aneuploidy but also tolerates its developmental impact. To address this critical gap, we generated X-monosomic human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) alongside otherwise isogenic euploid controls from male and female mosaic samples. Phased genomic variants in these hiPSC panels enable systematic investigation of X/Y dosage-sensitive features using in vitro models of human development. Here, we demonstrate the utility of these validated hiPSC lines to test how X/Y-linked gene dosage impacts a widely used model for human syncytiotrophoblast development. While these isogenic panels trigger a
GATA2/3-
and
TFAP2A/C
-driven trophoblast gene circuit irrespective of karyotype, differential expression implicates monosomy X in altered levels of placental genes and in secretion of placental growth factor (PlGF) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Remarkably, weighted gene coexpression network modules that significantly reflect these changes are also preserved in first-trimester chorionic villi and term placenta. Our results suggest monosomy X may skew trophoblast cell type composition and function, and that the combined haploinsufficiency of the pseudoautosomal region likely plays a key role in these changes.
The subjunctive in Renaissance French
Authors: Eisenbruch Miriam A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore why the subjunctive, despite its lack of modal productivity, might persist in French. I argue that the subjunctive is a modally void fossil, persisting due to repeated usage following highly entrenched constructions. The focus here is on the behaviour of the subjunctive in Renaissance French, specifically in the sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries. Content analysis of personal correspondence identified the real subjunctive usage that lies beneath the French polish applied by standardisation. Through analysis of the structures that trigger the subjunctive in complement clause environments, I explore the grammatical behaviour of the subjunctive. The subjunctive was routinised after regularly occurring verbal and non-verbal constructions, strengthening the subjunctive’s position in certain complement clause environments. This study has diachronic importance in identifying which salient forms might persist in French. There are insights into the behaviour – perhaps the foundations – of the subjunctive paradigm in French as it stands today.
Quantum anomalous Hall effect in M2X3 honeycomb Kagome lattice
Authors: Zhang Bingwen , Deng Fenglin , Chen Xuejiao , Lv Xiaodong , Wang Jun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect has recently drawn great attention in spintronics with extraordinary property of chiral edge states without dissipation in absence of magnetic field. In M2X3 honeycomb Kagome lattice, numerous two-dimensional materials are predicted to be QAH insulators including metal oxides/sulfides and metal organic lattice. In this work, we proposed a general model to explain the mechanism of Dirac half metal with absence of spin orbital coupling and the nontrivial topological property with spin orbital coupling, which could be induced by combination of electron counting rule, crystal field effect and

d

x
z

,

d

y
z

orbitals hybridization. Based on the mechanism, we further predict that triphenyl-metal lattice M2(C6H4)3 (M = V, Nb, Ta) are all QAH insulators with high Curie temperature and large nontrivial band gap for triphenyl-Nb and triphenyl-Ta lattice.
Crilin: A CRystal calorImeter with Longitudinal InformatioN for a future Muon Collider
Authors: Ceravolo S. , Colao F. , Curatolo C. , Di Meco E. , Diociaiuti E. , Lucchesi D. , Paesani D. , Pastrone N. , Saputi A. , Sarra I. , Sestini L. , Tagnani D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The measurement of physics processes at new energy frontier
experiments requires excellent spatial, time, and energy resolutions
to resolve the structure of collimated high-energy jets. In a future
Muon Collider, the beam-induced backgrounds (BIB) represent the main
challenge in the design of the detectors and of the event
reconstruction algorithms. The technology and the design of the
calorimeters should be chosen to reduce the effect of the BIB, while
keeping good physics performance. Several requirements can be
inferred: i) high granularity to reduce the overlap of BIB particles
in the same calorimeter cell; ii) excellent timing (of the order of
100 ps) to reduce the out-of-time component of the BIB; iii)
longitudinal segmentation to distinguish the signal showers from the
fake showers produced by the BIB; iv) good energy resolution (less
than 10%/√E) to obtain good physics performance, as has
been already demonstrated for conceptual particle flow calorimeters.
Our proposal consists of a semi-homogeneous electromagnetic
calorimeter based on lead fluoride crystals (PbF2) read out by
surface-mount UV-extended Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs): the
Crilin calorimeter. In this paper, the performance of the Crilin
calorimeter in the Muon Collider framework for hadron jets
reconstruction has been analyzed. We report the characterisation of
individual components together with the development of a small-scale
prototype, consisting of 2 layers of 3 × 3 crystals each.
Study on the Optimized Energy Resolution of Scintillator Detectors Based on SiPMs and LYSO:Ce
Authors: Hu P. , Hua Z.H. , Ma L.S. , Qian S. , Wu Q. , Wang Z.G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The cerium-doped lutetium yttrium silicate (LYSO:Ce) crystal
has many advantages such as high light output and fast decay time,
showing great potential to improve the performance of scintillation
detectors. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are high-performance
semiconductor photodetectors, which generally have a higher photon
detection efficiency than photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and are
beneficial to realize a better energy resolution. The energy
resolution and detected light output of SiPM-coupled LYSO:Ce
crystals were studied by optimizing the photon detection efficiency
(PDE), the operating voltage, the wrapper, the surface finish and
the coupling method between the SiPM and crystal. Considering the
output saturation of SiPMs in high light intensity, a preliminary
correction method was applied to the saturation response of SiPMs
and energy resolution of 662 keV gamma-rays from 137Cs was
obtained after correction. The results show that the optimized
energy resolution at 662 keV measured by the SiPM of 50 μm
microcells can reach 7.6%. The light output of the polished and
rough crystal detected by a SiPM of 10 μm microcells were
also measured, which can reach 27000 ± 3200 photons/MeV and
36000 ± 3700 photons/MeV, respectively.
Impact of tropical convective conditions on solar irradiance forecasting based on cloud motion vectors
Authors: Roy Arindam , Hammer Annette , Heinemann Detlev , Lünsdorf Ontje , Lezaca Jorge 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Intra-day forecasts of global horizontal solar irradiance (GHI) are widely produced by displacing existing clouds on a geo-stationary satellite image to their future locations with cloud motion vectors (CMVs) derived from preceding images. The CMV estimation methods assume rigid cloud bodies with advective motion, which performs reasonably well in mid-latitudes but can be strained for tropical and sub-tropical climatic zones during prolonged periods of seasonal convection. We study the impact of the South Asian monsoon time convection on the accuracy of CMV based forecasts by analysing 2 years of forecasts from three commonly used CMV methods—Block-match, Farnebäck (Optical flow) and TV-L1 (Optical flow). Forecasted cloud index (CI) maps of the entire image section are validated against analysis CI maps for the period 2018–2019 for forecast lead times from 0 to 5.5 h. Site-level GHI forecasts are validated against ground measured data from two Baseline Surface Radiation Network stations—Gurgaon (GUR) and Tiruvallur (TIR), located in hot semi-arid and tropical savanna climatic zones respectively. The inter-seasonal variation of forecast accuracy is prominent and a clear link is found between the increase in convection, represented by a decrease in outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), and the decrease in forecast accuracy. The GUR site shows the highest forecast error in the southwest monsoon period and exhibits a steep rise of forecast error with the increase in convection. The highest forecast error occurs in the northeast monsoon period of December in TIR. The impact of convection on the number of erroneous time blocks of predicted photovoltaic production is also studied. Our results provide insights into the contribution of convection to errors in CMV based forecasts and shows that OLR can be used as a feature in future forecasting methods to consider the impact of convection on forecast accuracy.
Strong trade-offs characterise water-energy-food related sustainable development goals in the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna River basin
Authors: Siderius Christian , van Walsum Paul , Biemans Hester 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs) set ambitious policy targets for 2030 to overcome poverty while preserving the planet. These goals are not perfectly aligned; trade-offs emerge during implementation at regional and local levels, such as in a river basin. Here, we quantify important trade-offs between water, energy, and food-related SDGs in the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna River basin, a climate vulnerability hotspot, using multi-objective optimisation based on detailed water resources and crop production modelling and accounting for uncertainties in the costs of water, labour, and land. The trade-off between food production and agricultural profit is strong; the amount of people fed would be reduced by more than two-thirds, were profitability maximized. However, we do see the potential to achieve higher profitability in agriculture against limited loss of food and hydropower production and limited impact on downstream environmental flows, although continued reliance on groundwater and energy, currently unsustainable, needs to be mitigated.
Localization by particle–hole symmetry breaking: a loop expansion
Authors: Ziegler K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Localization by a broken particle–hole (PH) symmetry in a random system of non-interacting quantum particles is studied on a d-dimensional lattice. Our approach is based on a chiral symmetry argument and the corresponding invariant measure, where the latter is described by a Grassmann functional integral. Within a loop expansion we find for small loops diffusion in the case of PH symmetry. Breaking the PH symmetry results in the creation of random dimers, which suppress diffusion and lead to localization on the scale

D
/
|
μ
|

, where D is the effective diffusion coefficient at PH symmetry and μ is the parameter related to PH symmetry breaking.
Engineering highly-aligned three-dimensional (3D) cardiac constructs for enhanced myocardial infarction repair
Authors: Han Kang , He Jiankang , Fu Liyan , Mao Mao , Kang Yuming , Li Dichen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Native myocardium exhibits well-organized cellular orientations and highly vascularized architectures, which is important for tissue survival and synchronic contraction activities. Mimicking such structural organizations to engineer functional cardiac constructs is a promising approach to treat myocardial infarction in vivo. Here we propose a novel strategy to engineer highly-aligned three-dimensional (3D) cardiac constructs by co-culturing cardiomyocytes and rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) along with native extracellular matrix-derived fibrin within electrohydrodynamic-printed microfibrous architectures. Cell-laden fibrin with a relatively rapid gelation rate enables uniform cellular distribution in 3D and can re-organize to form multidirectionally aligned 3D cardiac bands with similar orientations to the printed microfibers. The resultant 3D cardiac constructs show enhanced cardiomyocyte-specific protein expression, synchronous contraction and low excitation threshold. The addition of RAECs significantly increases the width of cardiac bands and enhances their beating frequency. The engineered 3D cardiac constructs with layer-specific orientations were found to effectively reduce infracted area, enhance neovascularization and eventually realize functional repair of infarcted myocardium in vivo. This exploration provides a promising strategy to engineer 3D cardiac constructs with tissue-specific cellular orientations for the functional repair of infarcted myocardium.
Static hand gesture recognition for American sign language using neuromorphic hardware
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammadreza , Chandarana Peyton , Seekings James , Hendrix Sara , Zand Ramtin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we develop four spiking neural network (SNN) models for two static American sign language (ASL) hand gesture classification tasks, i.e., the ASL alphabet and ASL digits. The SNN models are deployed on Intel’s neuromorphic platform, Loihi, and then compared against equivalent deep neural network (DNN) models deployed on an edge computing device, the Intel neural compute stick 2 (NCS2). We perform a comprehensive comparison between the two systems in terms of accuracy, latency, power consumption, and energy. The best DNN model achieves an accuracy of 99.93% on the ASL alphabet dataset, whereas the best performing SNN model has an accuracy of 99.30%. For the ASL-digits dataset, the best DNN model achieves an accuracy of 99.76% accuracy while the SNN achieves 99.03%. Moreover, our obtained experimental results show that the Loihi neuromorphic hardware implementations achieve up to 20.64× and 4.10× reduction in power consumption and energy, respectively, when compared to NCS2.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Feasibility of a Telerehabilitation Program Using Language and Cognitive Exercises in Multi-Domain Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Nousia Anastasia , Pappa Evangelia , Siokas Vasileios , Liampas Ioannis , Tsouris Zisis , Messinis Lambros , Patrikelis Panayiotis , Manouilidou Christina , Dardiotis Efthimios , Nasios Grigorios 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of a telerehabilitation program in multi-domain amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (md-aMCI). The study sample consisted of 30 patients with md-aMCI and aged 60–80 years.MethodsThe participants were randomly divided into two groups. The Training Group (TG), which received cognitive training by using the RehaCom software as well as paper-pencil language training and the Control Group (CG) which received standard clinical care (e.g., psychotherapy or/and physiotherapy). Duration of the telerehabilitation intervention was 15 weeks (twice a week for 60 min/session).ResultsOur results revealed that the neuropsychological performance of the TG group after the telerehabilitation intervention improved on a statistically significant level on the domains of delayed and working memory, confrontation naming, verbal fluency, and global cognition. Comparison between the TG and CG revealed a significant impact of the telerehabilitation program on the domains of memory (delay and working) and language (naming and verbal fluency) as well as global cognition performance.ConclusionThe findings of the study are promising in that the telerehabilitation intervention appears to be a useful method in improving or stabilizing cognitive decline in md-aMCI individuals and was a particularly effective alternative approach during the period of the pandemic lockdown. Specifically, the beneficial impact of the telerehabilitation intervention on episodic memory (which is one of the first domains to show impairment in md-aMCI patients) provides us with hope and evidence that these types of interventions may be applied with similar success using face-to-face interventions.
Decoding brain memory formation by single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Sardoo Atlas M , Zhang Shaoqiang , Ferraro Thomas N , Keck Thomas M , Chen Yong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo understand how distinct memories are formed and stored in the brain is an important and fundamental question in neuroscience and computational biology. A population of neurons, termed engram cells, represents the physiological manifestation of a specific memory trace and is characterized by dynamic changes in gene expression, which in turn alters the synaptic connectivity and excitability of these cells. Recent applications of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) are promising approaches for delineating the dynamic expression profiles in these subsets of neurons, and thus understanding memory-specific genes, their combinatorial patterns and regulatory networks. The aim of this article is to review and discuss the experimental and computational procedures of sc/snRNA-seq, new studies of molecular mechanisms of memory aided by sc/snRNA-seq in human brain diseases and related mouse models, and computational challenges in understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying long-term memory formation.