bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confidence bands and hypothesis tests for hit enrichment curves
Authors: Ash Jeremy R , Hughes-Oliver Jacqueline M 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn virtual screening for drug discovery, hit enrichment curves are widely used to assess the performance of ranking algorithms with regard to their ability to identify early enrichment. Unfortunately, researchers almost never consider the uncertainty associated with estimating such curves before declaring differences between performance of competing algorithms. Uncertainty is often large because the testing fractions of interest to researchers are small. Appropriate inference is complicated by two sources of correlation that are often overlooked: correlation across different testing fractions within a single algorithm, and correlation between competing algorithms. Additionally, researchers are often interested in making comparisons along the entire curve, not only at a few testing fractions. We develop inferential procedures to address both the needs of those interested in a few testing fractions, as well as those interested in the entire curve. For the former, four hypothesis testing and (pointwise) confidence intervals are investigated, and a newly developed EmProc approach is found to be most effective. For inference along entire curves, EmProc-based confidence bands are recommended for simultaneous coverage and minimal width. While we focus on the hit enrichment curve, this work is also appropriate for lift curves that are used throughout the machine learning community. Our inferential procedures trivially extend to enrichment factors, as well.
Volterra integration operators from Hardy-type tent spaces to Hardy spaces
Authors: Hu Rong , Qin Chuan , Zhou Lv 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we completely characterize the boundedness and compactness of the Volterra integration operators $J_{g}$

J
g

acting from the Hardy-type tent spaces

HT

q
,
α

p

(

B
n

)
to the Hardy spaces

H
t

(

B
n

)
in the unit ball of

C
n

for all $0< p,q,t<\infty $
0
<
p
,
q
,
t
<
∞
and $\alpha >-n-1$
α
>
−
n
−
1
. The duality and factorization techniques for tent spaces of sequences play an important role in the proof of the main results.
Community structure of coral microbiomes is dependent on host morphology
Authors: Morrow Kathleen M. , Pankey M. Sabrina , Lesser Michael P. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The importance of symbiosis has long been recognized on coral reefs, where the photosynthetic dinoflagellates of corals (Symbiodiniaceae) are the primary symbiont. Numerous studies have now shown that a diverse assemblage of prokaryotes also make-up part of the microbiome of corals. A subset of these prokaryotes is capable of fixing nitrogen, known as diazotrophs, and is also present in the microbiome of scleractinian corals where they have been shown to supplement the holobiont nitrogen budget. Here, an analysis of the microbiomes of 16 coral species collected from Australia, Curaçao, and Hawai’i using three different marker genes (16S rRNA, nifH, and ITS2) is presented. These data were used to examine the effects of biogeography, coral traits, and ecological life history characteristics on the composition and diversity of the microbiome in corals and their diazotrophic communities.

Results
The prokaryotic microbiome community composition (i.e., beta diversity) based on the 16S rRNA gene varied between sites and ecological life history characteristics, but coral morphology was the most significant factor affecting the microbiome of the corals studied. For 15 of the corals studied, only two species Pocillopora acuta and Seriotopora hystrix, both brooders, showed a weak relationship between the 16S rRNA gene community structure and the diazotrophic members of the microbiome using the nifH marker gene, suggesting that many corals support a microbiome with diazotrophic capabilities. The order Rhizobiales, a taxon that contains primarily diazotrophs, are common members of the coral microbiome and were eight times greater in relative abundances in Hawai’i compared to corals from either Curacao or Australia. However, for the diazotrophic component of the coral microbiome, only host species significantly influenced the composition and diversity of the community.

Conclusions
The roles and interactions between members of the coral holobiont are still not well understood, especially critical functions provided by the coral microbiome (e.g., nitrogen fixation), and the variation of these functions across species. The findings presented here show the significant effect of morphology, a coral “super trait,” on the overall community structure of the microbiome in corals and that there is a strong association of the diazotrophic community within the microbiome of corals. However, the underlying coral traits linking the effects of host species on diazotrophic communities remain unknown.
Bilateral reconstruction of the mandibular body with symphyseal preservation using a single fibula free flap: Operative technique
Authors: Nocini Riccardo , Favero Vittorio , Chiarini Luigi , Nocini Pier Francesco 
Published: July 2022

Background Mandibular osteonecrosis may occur in 5% of the patients who undergo radiotherapy for the treatment of head and neck malignancies. Resection and microvascular reconstruction is the treatment of choice in complicated osteoradionecrosis, however multifocal presentation may complicate the management of the disease given the poor quality and limited availability of adequate recipient vessels. Operative technique A 74-year-old man affected by multifocal severe osteoradionecrosis of the mandible underwent bilateral resection of the mandibular bodies while preserving the symphysis. The defects were reconstructed with a single fibula flap composed by two bony segments connected by a central segment, corresponding to the symphyseal region, in which the bone was dissected and removed. The anastomosis was performed on a single side of the neck. Healing was uneventful and the adopted technique allowed for a quick functional and esthetic recovery. Conclusion The presented technique provided a safe and efficacious, although technically challenging, solution in a case presenting multifocal osteonecrosis of the jaw. The morbidity of the procedure was limited because the tissue resection and reconstruction processes were minimized. Graphical abstract
Outcome prediction for hypothermic patients in cardiac arrest
Authors: Pasquier Mathieu , Hugli Olivier , Hall Nicolas , Rousson Valentin , Darocha Tomasz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe 5A score predicts in-hospital mortality of patients suffering from accidental hypothermia, including those not in cardiac arrest. The HOPE score was specifically developed to predict survival for the subgroup of hypothermic patients in cardiac considered for extracorporeal life support rewarming. The C-statistic in the external validation study of the HOPE score was 0.825 (95% CI: 0.753–0.897), confirming its excellent discrimination. In addition, its good calibration allows for a reliable interpretation of the corresponding survival probability after rewarming. The HOPE score should be used for predicting outcome and selecting hypothermic patients in cardiac arrest for rewarming.
Translocal vulnerability of temporary rural–rural labor migrant-sending households in Quarit district, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Linger , Degefa Terefe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe current era of globalization is accompanied by vulnerabilities of migrants at their destination. Although such cases possibly shape the vulnerabilities of migrant-sending households through the network of migration, most studies give little attention to these spatial vulnerabilities. Informed by the translocal approach, this article attempts to bridge this gap based on a mix of quantitative and qualitative data generated from households that send temporary labor migrants to export-oriented cash crop growing areas in Ethiopia. Quantitative data were collected from randomly selected 250 migrant-sending households and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data meant to support quantitative data were gathered before and after collecting quantitative data through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and a review of secondary sources. The findings demonstrate that temporary rural–rural labor migrants are vulnerable to multiple shocks at their destination. These vulnerabilities of migrants are transferred to migrant-sending households through migration networks and result in various degrees of negative livelihood outcomes such as asset decumulation and food insecurity depending on the type of migrant-households. It is learned, in this case, that a localized approach to vulnerability analysis appears inadequate in revealing the whole spectrum of vulnerability. The implication is that efforts meant to address migration-related vulnerability require coordinated responses involving actors situated both at the origin and destination of migrants. Interventions to address migration-related vulnerability also require mainstreaming migration into national development policies and strategies designed based on a translocal approach.
Unmasking the ties of snake bite poisoning and COVID-19
Authors: Chander Anjuman , Samra Tanvir , Loganathan Sekar , Mahajan Varun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Snake bite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease with variable clinical presentation, neurotoxic manifestations (respiratory paralysis), rhabdomyolysis, cardiotoxicity, autonomic hyperactivity, and/or coagulation abnormalities. There is limited data on the clinical course of the envenomation in an incidentally diagnosed COVID-19 patient.

Case presentation
A 17-year-old male with history of snake bite and neuroparalysis developed shortness of breath. He was treated with lyophilized polyvalent anti-snake venom (ASV) on admission in the emergency department and mechanical ventilation. Subsequently, he tested positive for COVID-19 infection. No immunomodulatory therapy was administered, and patient was extubated on the 5th day of ICU admission without any neurological deficit.

Conclusions
Coinfections of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus with snake bite poisoning lead to diagnostic dilemmas and controversies in management practices. Abnormalities of coagulation need to be cautiously addressed, and cause of development of pneumonia needs to be identified. The rapid recovery of the patient in our case theoretically can be explained on the organ-protective potential of snake-derived peptides; a large case series is however needed to prove the same.
In vivo antiplasmodial activity of the methanol leaf extract of Piliostigma reticulatum (Dc.) Hochst (Fabaceae)
Authors: Abdulkadir Safiya Shehu , Jatau Abubakar Ibrahim , Abdussalam Umar Sharif , Bichi Lawal Alhassan , Abubakar Bilyaminu , Malami Sani 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Piliostigma reticulatum is a plant traditionally used to treat malaria, smallpox, neuralgia, dysentery, diarrhea, and rheumatism in Northern Nigeria. There is no scientific evidence to support the antimalarial activity of this plant. This work aims to investigate the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the methanol leaf extract of Piliostigma reticulatum (MPR) in mice, infected with NK65 chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei. The oral lethal doses and preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract were performed. The therapeutic, suppressive, and prophylactic models were used for the antiplasmodial activity at the doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg of the MPR extract. Chloroquine and artesunate were used as the positive control drugs, while distilled water was used for the negative control group. The antiplasmodial activity was determined by comparing the mean parasite clearance in the treated groups, to the negative control group. Also the effect of the extract on the blood packed-cell volume of mice (PCV) was determined.

Results
The LD50 of MPR was found to be > 5000 mg/kg. Glycosides, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenes and alkaloids were the phytochemicals identified in the extract. The extract of MPR produced a significant reduction in the mean parasitemia level compared to the negative control in the curative test: MPR 250 (68.31%, P < 0.001), MPR 500 (76.53%, P < 0.001), and MPR1000 (83.65%, P < 0.001). The extract prolonged the survival of infected mice (18.8 days), compared to the negative control (5.2 days). The extract produced significant chemosuppression compared to the negative control; MPR 250 (73.79%, P < 0.001), MPR 500 (81.33%, P < 0.001), and MPR 1000 (78.37%, P < 0.001). The extract produced significant chemoprophylaxis compared to the negative control; MPR 250 (68.5%, P < 0.001), MPR 500 (58.7%, P < 0.001), and MPR 1000 (84.77%, P < 0.001). The extract was found to have no significant effect on the blood PCV of the treated groups compared to the negative control.

Conclusions
The study showed that the MPR extract has significant antiplasmodial activity in mice at the doses tested, and could justify the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of malaria in Northern Nigeria.
Mechanisms underlying cereal/legume intercropping as nature-based biofortification: A review
Authors: Ebbisa Addisu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe deficiencies of micronutrients known as hidden hunger are severely affecting more than one-half of the world’s population, which is highly related to low bioavailability of micronutrients, poor quality diets, and consumption of cereal-based foods in developing countries. Although numerous experiments proved biofortification as a paramount approach for improving hidden hunger around the world, its effectiveness is highly related to various soil factors, climate conditions, and the adoption rates of biofortified crops. Furthermore, agronomic biofortification may result in the sedimentation of heavy metals in the soil that pose another detrimental effect on plants and human health. In response to these challenges, several studies suggested intercropping as one of the feasible, eco-friendly, low-cost, and short-term approaches for improving the nutritional quality and yield of crops sustainable way. Besides, it is the cornerstone of climate-smart agriculture and the holistic solution for the most vulnerable area to solve malnutrition that disturbs human healthy catastrophically. Nevertheless, there is meager information on mechanisms and processes related to soil-plant interspecific interactions that lead to an increment of nutrients bioavailability to tackle the crisis of micronutrient deficiency in a nature-based solution. In this regard, this review tempted to (1) explore mechanisms and processes that can favor the bioavailability of Zn, Fe, P, etc. in soil and edible parts of crops, (2) synthesize available information on the benefits and synergic role of the intercropping system in food and nutritional security, and (3) outline the bottlenecks influencing the effectiveness of biofortification for promoting sustainable agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Based on this review SSA countries are malnourished due to limited access to diverse diets, supplementation, and commercially fortified food; hence, I suggest integrated research by agronomists, plant nutritionists, and agroecologist to intensify and utilize intercropping systems as biofortification sustainably alleviating micronutrient deficiencies.Graphical Abstract
Retrospective diagnosis of Behcet’s disease prompted by a false-positive D-dimer
Authors: Merashli Mira , Ames Paul RJ 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA 42-year-old lady underwent extensive investigations looking for thrombosis, cancer or vasculitis following repeated D-dimer testing with values greater than 60,000 μg/ml; the negativity of the imaging ruled out cancer or thrombosis, but a review of her clinical history suggested she had features of Behcet’s disease several years earlier, leading also the hypothesis that the elevated D-dimer could have been a false positive, as subsequently demonstrated. Careful history taking is mandatory for the early interpretation of symptoms linked to Behcet’s disease, and a high degree of suspicion for a false positivity must be applied to asymptomatic people with unusually high levels of D-dimer.
Fruit and vegetable intake and incident and persistent poor sleep quality in a rural ageing population in South Africa: longitudinal study
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: July 2022

Background
Fruit and vegetable intake may improve sleep.

Aims
To assess the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and sleep quality in a longitudinal study.

Method
We analysed longitudinal data from two consecutive population surveys of adults in Agincourt, South Africa (2014–2015 and 2018–2019).

Results
In total, 331 of 2975 participants without poor sleep quality in Wave 1 (11.1%) had incident poor sleep quality in Wave 2, and 270 of 3546 participants who had poor sleep quality in Wave 1 (7.6%) had poor sleep quality in both Waves 1 and 2 (persistent poor sleep quality). The prevalence of poor sleep quality at baseline was 17.2%. In the fully adjusted model for people without poor sleep quality at baseline, higher fruit and vegetable consumption (≥5 servings/day) was positively associated with incident poor sleep quality among men (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.51–2.01) but not among women (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.78–1.46). Two or more servings of fruits were positively associated with incident poor sleep quality among men (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI 1.96–5.72) and among women (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.15–2.94). No models among men and women showed a significant association between vegetable intake and incident poor sleep quality or between fruit and vegetable intake, vegetable intake and persistent poor sleep quality. Fruit intake (one serving) was positively associated with persistent poor sleep quality among men (AOR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.00–3.08) but not among women (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI 0.93–2.18).

Conclusions
Higher fruit and vegetable intake was independently associated with poorer sleep quality among men but not women, and higher fruit but not vegetable intake was associated with poorer sleep quality among both men and women.
Control of Vibration-Metasurface Coupling at the Mid-Infrared Spectral Window for Inorganic Thermal Emitters
Authors: Nishijima Yoshiaki , Juodkazis Saulius 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The coupling between light and molecular vibrational modes is dependent on the efficiency of molecular absorption. Here, we demonstrate a method to control the coupling between molecular mid-infrared absorption/emission in the chemical fingerprinting spectral window and a metasurface using SiO2 as an absorber/emitter and CaF2 as a spacer to optimize the strength of coupling. The use of inorganic dielectric I-spacers in metal–insulator–metal (MIM) metasurfaces opens applications in narrow-band emitters for a mid-infrared spectral window at elevated temperatures (&gt;350 °C), where polymer/organic I-spacers degrade.
Electrochemical Analysis of Fe2+ Ions Behavior in the Metal Oxide Dispersions
Authors: Lament Karolina , Nieszporek Jolanta , Piasecki Wojciech 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aims at establishing how metal oxides (TiO2, Fe2O3, SiO2, and Al2O3) influence electrochemical activity of Fe2+ ions in solutions of different pH. Above pH 6.5 almost total uptake of Fe2+ ions from solution was reported for all oxides due to adsorption and oxidation of ferrous ions manifested by the reversal of the redox potential (Eh) trend. TiO2 and Fe2O3 revealed the strongest Fe2+ affinity and Al2O3 the weakest. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated the transformation of precipitated Fe(OH)3 into FeOOH above pH 6.5. Square wave voltammetry (SWV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) have been used in experimental measurements applying the gold electrode. The changes in Ra (activation resistance of the Fe2+ electrooxidation) confirmed the beneficial effect of Fe2O3 and TiO2 on the rate of Fe2+ electrooxidation on the electrode. The linear relationship between the anodic peak current and the square root of the scanning rate proves that in the absence of oxides, the Fe2+ oxidation process is determined by the diffusion of the depolarizer to the electrode surface. In the presence of oxides, the relationships Ip = f ($\sqrt{\text{v}} $) are non-linear, and therefore the electrooxidation of Fe2+ ions is controlled by their adsorption on gold.
Η ανάπτυξη της αναπαραστασιακής ικανότητας στο χώρο των φυσικών επιστημών σε σχέση με την ικανότητα στοχασμού στον κοινωνικό κόσμο
Authors: Κυριακοπούλου Νατάσσα , Βοσνιάδου Στέλλα 
Published: July 2022

Στην παρούσα εργασία διερευνήθηκε η ικανότητα των παιδιών να χειρίζονται αναπαραστάσεις σχετιζόμενες με τη διαισθητική εμπειρία τους για τον κόσμο παράλληλα με την επιστημονική αντι-διαισθητική γνώση που αποκτούν κατά τα σχολικά χρόνια. Τα αποτελέσματα προηγούμενων μελετών μας έδειξαν ότι η κατανόηση επιστημονικών αντι-διαισθητικών εξηγήσεων δεν οδηγεί απαραίτητα και στην κατανόηση των διαφορετικών τρόπων με τους οποίους μπορεί να ερμηνευτεί μια ίδια κατάσταση στον κόσμο. Η ικανότητα να σκέφτεται κανείς συγχρόνως για δύο διαφορετικές αναπαραστάσεις παρουσιάζει μια αναπτυξιακή πορεία, όπου τα παιδιά σταδιακά κατανοούν και το «βλέπω» και το «βλέπω σαν». Η κατανόηση αυτή φαίνεται να συνδέεται με αλλαγές όχι μόνο στις οντολογικές δεσμεύσεις αλλά και στις επιστημολογικές δεσμεύσεις καθώς και στις αναπαραστάσεις των παιδιών. Η υπόθεση ότι οι απαρχές αυτής της κατανόησης βρίσκονται στην ικανότητα των παιδιών να σκέφτονται για τις διαφορές ανάμεσα στις πεποιθήσεις τους και τις πεποιθήσεις των άλλων στο πεδίο του κοινωνικού κόσμου (Θεωρία του Νου) μελετήθηκε στην παρούσα μελέτη. Εξήντα τρεις μαθητές (μ.ο. ηλικίας 10 έτη και 8 μήνες) εξετάστηκαν με έργα Θεωρίας του Νου (ΘτΝ) και έργα κατανόησης για τον φυσικό κόσμο. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν να επιβεβαιώνουν την ύπαρξη κοινών γνωστικών-επιστημολογικών στοιχείων ανάμεσα στα δυο πεδία σκέψης. Η ΘτΝ φάνηκε να αποτελεί σημαντικό προβλεπτικό παράγοντα για την ικανότητα των παιδιών να αναστοχάζονται πάνω σε διαφορετικές οπτικές του φυσικού κόσμου. Τα αποτελέσματα συζητούνται με βάση και την επίδραση που μπορεί να έχουν στο σχεδιασμό διδακτικών παρεμβάσεων που προωθούν την εννοιολογική αλλαγή.