bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Aqueous Extract Cinnamon Zeylanicum Bark on the Structure and Function of the Ovary in Female Rats
Authors: Shakir Al-Najjar Enas Waleed 
Published: April 2022

The effect of aqueous extract cinnamon zeylanicum bark on the structure and function of ovary was studied for the females of rats physiologically and histological.Number of (20) white rats were used for this study, divided into two groups that treated as follows:The first group is the control group that have got the regular water and food, while the second group has have been treated with the aqueous extract cinnamon bark of concentration 5 mg/ml for a period of 15 days.The histological study for the aqueous cinnamon bark extract treated group showed that the existence of the Primary follicles, Preantral follicles and in addition to a number of Corpora lutea that indicates the occurring of ovulation comparing with the control group that showed only the Primoridail follicleswhich reflects the effect of the cinnamon on the ovary activity.The hormonal study shows also a significant increment (P<0.01) in the levels of Progesterone, Estridiol, LH, and FSH in the treated groups comparing with the control group.The results of this study indicates the ability of the cinnamon plant to stimulate secretion of the gonadotropin and hence the activity of the ovary.
MMP-2 and TIMP-2 markers for immunohistochemical study on the prenatal development of the rat's primary visual cortex
Authors: Ibraheem Mustafa Mohammed 
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to relate the prenatal changes with the spatiotemporal pattern of expression and/or activity of the studied markers. Thechemical and molecular determinants of the development will be analyzed in a trial to understand some of the factors controlling these prenatal developmental events. Expression of many genes in various areas of the brain is age and development related and may undergo an irreversible change. Therefore, it is very important to study the normal expression of various proteins in order to delineate their physiological functions.Eighteen embryos were used, six embryos for each embryonic age (E16, E18 and E20), three for studying MMP-2 immunohistochemical marker and other three for studying TIMP-2 immunohistochemical marker. During prenatal cortical development, the reaction of MMP-2 marker was located within the extracellular matrix of the all developing zones. While no activity or reaction of TIMP-2 could be depicted through out the extracellular matrix at any embryonic age.The ontogeny of the visual cortex involves many morphogenetic changes and this study will help in determining and confirming the various developmental criteria of the rat primary visual cortex.
Respiratory Distress and the Bacteria Causing Infection in the Neonates
Authors: Zaki Neihaya Heikmat 
Published: April 2022

An analysis of 64 samples of (blood, vagina, anaus) from pregnant mothers and their neonates, only 58 samples showed these types of bacteria Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, distributed as: 16 blood isolates from mothers and 25 from neonates, while 13 vaginal isolates from mothers and 4 anal isolates from neonates. Bacterial components (phospholipids-PL) purified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and identified as Cardiolipin (CL) with retention time (10.76 min.), Phosphatidylserine (PS) (8.1min.), and Phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) (5.9 min.) compared with standard PL. GBS isolates produced more extracellular phospholipids than other types in thisstudy.
The three types of bacteria differed in their levels of virulence when injected intratracheally in to a neonatal rabbit model to determine whether they induced pulmonary hypertension in it. After 8 days the rates of surviving neonatal rabbits were 2/15 (13.33%) to GBS, 5/15 to E.coli (33.33%), and 7/15 (46.66%) to S.aureus. The recognition that bacterial phospholipids may cause respiratory distress in newborns with these kinds of bacteria opens new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Levels of Some Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Pregnant Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Taher Mohammed A. , Al-Juboori Aminah A. 
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to determine levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12 and SIL-2R) in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and also to determine incidence of spontaneous abortion during first trimester in pregnant women with PCOS compared with non-PCOS pregnant women. This Study was performed on (93) women, consisted of:1- (63) pregnant women during the first trimester, which included:A- (33)PCOS pregnant women and subdivided into the following groups: (20) successful pregnant PCOS, (7) blighted Ovum PCOS and (6) missed abortion PCOS. B- (30) non-PCOS pregnant women, which included: (27) successful pregnant control and (3) non-PCOS pregnant women were withdrawn from this study because of their abortion in first trimester.2- (30) non-pregnant subjects, which subdivided into the following groups: (18) non-pregnant PCOS and (12) non-pregnant control. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone hormone levels and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines [IL-12 and sIL-2R] levels were measured in all subjects. It is found that the incidence of spontaneous abortion {missed(18.2%) and blighted ovum(21.2%)} in first trimester of pregnancy for 33 women which was (39.4%) and it is 3.9 fold higher than incidence of spontaneous abortion {missed(3.3%) and blighted ovum (6.7%)} for 30 non-PCOS pregnant women which was (10%). The LH levels were increasing significantly (P<0.05) in testosterone levels were increasing significantly (P<0.05) in all four PCOS groups when compared with two control groups (pregnant and non-pregnant).The IL-12 levels were elevated in all four PCOS groups when compared with two control groups. The sIL-2R levels were increasing significantly (P<0.05) inspontaneous abortion PCOS group and in non-pregnant PCOS group when compared with pregnant control group. In conclusion rise of some proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12 and sIL-2R) levels in pregnant women with PCOS during the first trimester may be attributed to an endocrine abnormalitiesand related directly to high levels of testosterone. The rising pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12 and sIL-2R) levels of non-pregnant PCOS may be attributed tointeractions between the neuroendocrine and immune systems.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Studies of 2-azetidinones Compounds Derived from Amoxicillin
Authors: AL-Tamimi Entesar Obeed , Muslih Raad Mahjoub , Thejeel Khalida Ali 
Published: April 2022

In this study, the new azetidinones were synthesized from Schiff bases 2(a-j) that derived from amoxicillin (1) on treatment with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of triethylamine gave azetidinone 3(a-j). The structure of these compounds have been elucidated on the basis of their physical and spectral. Azetidinone compounds were also screened for their antibacterial activity against some bacterial species using amoxicillin as standard.
Incidence of Maxillary Midline Diastema in Iraqi Students in Baghdad City
Authors: Hamad Nail Hasan 
Published: April 2022

Maxillary midline diastema is one of important numerical anomalies of teeth which character as an open space between the maxillary central incisors so that many studies have been carried out in different countries of the world to find the prevalence of maxillary midline diastema. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the maxillary midline diastema and assess the gender difference in a selective sample of college and institute Iraqi student age (18-22) year in Baghdad city.
A total sample of (1460) students distributed into (680) males and (780) females. The statistical analysis shows the incidence of maxillary midline diastema is (55) cases in the total sample with percent (3.8%) which is in males (3.4%) and (4.1%) in female. So it is found in females more than in males, the maxillary Midline Diastema.
Effect of Mixing Silanized Poly Propylene and Siwak Fibers on Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Heat Cure Resin Denture Base
Authors: Khalaf Hanan Abdul-Rahman 
Published: April 2022

PMMA is used in construction of denture base due to several advantages, including biocompatibility and optimal appearance. Operators and patients complain from fracture of acrylic denture base material attributed to decreased resistance to impact, flexural or fatigue stresses. The aim of the research is to assess the effect of addition of silanized mixture of siwak and poly propylene fibers on PMMA denture base.
Fourteen acrylic resin specimens were prepared for each test (Impact strength, Transverse strength, Shear bond strength, Thermal conductivity, Shore D hardness, Surface roughness and Water sorption) the specimens were grouped as control group (n=7) :no fibers additive and experimental group (n=7):(2 %) silanized mixture of siwak and poly propylene fibers, 4 mm length, FT-IR was done to investigate the presence of functional groups of coupling agent (TMSPM) on the tested fibers, independent t-test was used for statistical analysis of the resulted data.
Statistical analysis indicated that silanized mixture of poly propylene and natural fibers (siwak) produced significant increase (p≤0.05) of impact strength and highly significant increase (p≤0.01) of shear bond strength, transverse strength, thermal conductivity and shore D hardness of heat cure acrylic resin while a non significant increase (p>0.05) of surface roughness and water sorption properties was observed in comparison to non fiber reinforced resin specimens.
The addition of silanized mixture of siwak and polypropylene fibers into heat cure PMMA improve the tested physical and mechanical properties.
Prevalence Trichomoniasis and Candidiasis For Symptomatic Pregnant and Non Pregnant Women in Iraq
Authors: AL-Muathen Dhilal Mahdi , Sachit Hayat Ghaith 
Published: April 2022

The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and Candida albicans (CA) has been determined in 182 symptomatic married women (70 pregnant and 112 non pregnant) randomly selected from private gynecology clinics in Baghdad city. The relationship between infection and some risk factors was assessed.
Data were collected by questionnaire and vaginal swabs were examined microscopically. Of the 182 women the pregnant 4 infected with TV and19 with CA while non-pregnant 2 infected with TV and 14 with CA.
The age group between (20-29years) represents the highest frequency of infection with the two microorganisms. Abortion number and monthly family income were statistically non significant with high infection rates.
Histological Changes of Cervix in Ovariectomized Indigenous Rabbits
Authors: R.A Muna , Abood Dhyaa Ab. , Rajab Jehan M. 
Published: April 2022

Histological changes which occurred in the cervix of the ovariectomized rabbits without hormone and with hormones injection were investigated.
A total of 45 female rabbits were divided into three groups, the first group was used as a control, while, the second and third groups were used for experiments.
In control group the tunica mucosa thrown into branched folds which lined with simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium, and a lamina propria was well vascular dense irregular collagenous connective tissue and a tunica muscularis displayed double layers of smooth muscle fibers. In ovariectomized group without hormones injection, the tunica mucosa showed delicate mucosal folds which lined with low simple cuboidal epithelium and the tunica muscularis was very thin layer, and a significant decreased in the height and thickness of mucosal folds, thickness of lamina propria and tunica muscularis. In ovariectomized groups with hormones injection, the cervix was very thick walled organ and their mucosal folds were the tallest, pyramidal shaped and their epithelium turned into simple columnar epithelium. The thickness of tunica muscularis was increased due to their two layers those intermingled with much of collagen bundles. Statistically, a significant (P<0.05) increased in the values of all parameters.
The present study concluded that that cervix in doe has a narrower lumen with huge collagenous connective tissue content that increased in response to steroid hormones, in addition to hyperplasia and hypertrophy, consequently for keeping intrauterine during the preimplantation stage and pregnancy.
mRNA in situ Hybridization Analysis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ismail Noor Hashim 
Published: April 2022

Colorectal cancer is a major global health problem. The aim of the current study is to determine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase -1 (MMP-1), in colorectal cancer patients using in situ hybridization technique, formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue sections.
Thirty colorectal cancer patients were obtained from the archive of the pathology laboratory of Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital from January 2013 to July 2014. In addition to, formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections of twenty normal colon tissues were collected and used as a control group. Each tissue block was subjected to cut as serial thin sections of (4μm) thickness and then fixed on positive charged slides, to be used for In situ hybridization for the evaluation of MMP-1 and VEGF expression.
A highly significant difference (p<0.01) was noted in the mean percentage of MMP-1 and VEGF mRNA in situ expression respectively between the colorectal cancer group and control group. The study revealed a highly significant positive correlation (P<0.01) between MMP-1 and VEGF expression in colorectal cancer group. In conclusion, abnormal high expressions of VEGF and MMP-1 may represent the early molecular changes in the development of colorectal cancer
New Technique for Estimation of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride by using UV-VIS Spectrophotometer
Authors: Albakaa Ali Rasool Mahmood , Essa Hayder Jafer 
Published: April 2022

New, basic and quick method showing ultraviolet - visible spectroscopy was produced and approved for the estimation of ciprofloxacin in immaculate shape and in separate details. The occupants of business tablets planning did not meddle with the test. The satisfactory medication solvency finish and most extreme test affectability was found as potassium ciprofloxacin salt, the potassium ciprofloxacin salt show greatest absorbance at (335 nm) in absorbance spectrum, and the calibration curve was found to be linear in the stated concentration range of (2-10 g.mL-1) and (Y= 0.0784X + 0.0547) as line equation, (R2=0.9985) as Correlation Coefficient, (+0.054714) as Intercept, (0.078363) as Slope, (SEE=0.009558) as Standard Error of Estimate, (0.999999885) as Chi-Square(The goodness of fit between observed values and those expected theoretically), (RSD=0.019475788) as Relative Standard Deviation, and (R2 =0.99854471) as Multiple Correlation Coefficient
Annealing Effect on Optical properties of (As0.5Se0.5 doped with 1% Te) thin films
Authors: Al-Wardy Rusul Adnan 
Published: April 2022

this work, the study of optical properties of (As0.5Se0.5 doped with 1% Te) thin films which prepared by thermal vacuum evaporation on glass bases at (R.T) with (100±20)nm thickness deposition rate (1.6nm/s) and study effect of annealing at temperatures (Ta) (348,398,448)K for time (30min) on these properties. The X-ray diffraction technique showed that all prepared films are amorphous in structure at room temperature and annealing films at (348, 398, 448)K. The transmittance spectra of the prepared films falls within a wavelength range (500-1100) nm, and increasing the annealing temperature leads to a decreased in transmission, increased absorption coefficient, and shift of the absorption edge towards low photon energies. The optical measurements showed that the prepared films had an allowed indirect optical energy gap and were found to decrease with the increase of (Ta) within the range (R.T, 348,398,448) K. As indicated by the tails of the localized states, it was observed that they increased by increasing (Ta).
Updates in the Prevalence of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Babylon City
Authors: Mutlak Qassim Mahdi , Abdulridha Manal Khalid , Al-Huseini Laith M Abbas 
Published: April 2022

Background: Diarrhea is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. Globally it is responsible for approximately four billion cases and three million deaths annually. In developing countries, it causes two million deaths each year. The major causative organism is rotavirus which is responsible for one-third of hospitalizations with approximately 40% mortality.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of rotavirus infection in Babylon city, Iraq.
Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were taken from children with age range of 6 months to 5 years complained of diarrhea during the period beginning in October 2016 till August 2017. The age, gender, residence, the type of feeding, place of the sample collection and duration of diarrhea were recorded. Specimens were analyzed by Latex test for detection of rotavirus.
Results: A total of 349 children presented with diarrhea, the rotavirus antigen was detected in 169 fecal specimens from children with diarrhea (48%). More percentages of positive rotavirus specimens were seen in the 5year of age. No gender differences were observed, meanwhile samples obtained from rural areas and breastfed children showed less rotavirus positive infection.
Conclusion: The present study confirms that rotavirus infection is still currently a prevalent gastroenteritis causative agent and required careful clinical attention. Pediatricians and health care providers are needed to be encouraged to take into account the children who at risk for developing rotavirus infection including age, residence and type of feeding.
Item Analysis as a Tool for Educational Assessment as Compared to Students, Evaluation to lectures
Authors: Sowdani K Mohammed , Jaber Huda , Thomas Ara Murad 
Published: April 2022

Item analysis is an effective method for assessing not only the test but can also revel important issues of the whole educational process from curriculum design, implementation, assessment and evaluation. The method is suitable for MCQ type questions. After checking the reliability of the test, each question, item, is assessed using the criteria of Facility Value (FV) which represents the ratio of correct answers of each item and the discrimination index (DI) which takes into account the number of students in the upper quartile and that in lower quartile who answered the item correctly. An unacceptable question falls beyond the educationally acceptable limits of,
0.15 < FV < 0.85 and DI > 0.1.
Unacceptable questions were identified and used to assess the teaching process of this subject material and as indicators of lecturers' performance, from the number of unacceptable questions and the average of FV and DI. The smaller the number of unacceptable questions, the better the teaching process of the subject material under study and the higher the performance of the lecture will be.
Method: Random (using six-sided die) and systematic (cumulatively adding the quotient of population to sample size) sampling methods were used and the reliability of the MCQ part of the test as well essay type was checked and found to be satisfactory with R2 > 0.7 (the closer to unity the stronger the relationship and the higher the reliability). Results: For the subject material understudy, Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, for lecturer A, the first 13, items out of the 25 MCQ questions tested were found to satisfy the conditions set for FV and DI of acceptable questions. Conclusion: Acceptable items were identified and rated for further improvement in the stem or the distractors especially those near the border limits. For further improvement, item distractors need to be analyzed in detail. This method is effective in quantitatively rating lecturers' abilities in setting effective questions in relation to teaching objectives, the smaller the number of unacceptable items the better the performance of the lecturer. Unacceptable questions can be excluded or subject to future revision.
Evaluation of Liraglutide Effect on Serum Adipocytokines of Adults Male Wistar Rats with Insulin Resistance That Induced by High Fat Diet
Authors: Abdulellah Furqan Mohammed , Al-abbassi Mustafa Ghazi , Shakur Dalia Abd alkader 
Published: April 2022

Insulin resistance (IR) is the state in which insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is blunted in the insulin sensitive-tissue leading to state of prediabetes and T2DM, IR characterized by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the fasting state, elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, hyperlipidemia, postprandial hyperglycemia, elevated plasma levels of pro-inflammatory markers and hypoadiponectinemia.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus reported with peripheral insulin resistance (IR) and reduced production of insulin from pancreatic β-cells, IR elevates plasma fatty acids, decreasing glucose transportation to muscles and increased breakdown of fat finally leads to increased glucose production from the liver.
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of liraglutide on serum adipocytokines of adult male rats with insulin resistance that induced by high fat diet, Chronic high fats diet feeding is a common cause of disturbing leptin signaling in hypothalamus leading to the state of hyperphagic obesity and leptin resistance. Liraglutide improve meal-stimulated insulin secretion so it's called incretin mimetic. It is glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist that adjust weight loss and glucose control via glucagon like peptide-1 receptors in the central nervous system or indirectly through activation of peripheral neurons.
Current study utilized thirty-six adult male wistar rats (weighing 200-220gm), they were divided into two main groups: normal diet group (group A) that includes 12 rats receiving normal pellets and high fat diet group (group B and C) which has 24 rats feeding high fat diet pellets. Animals fed high fat diet pellets for 8 weeks to induce insulin resistance were divided into two groups: Group B received high fat diet pellets for 8 weeks then administered 0.5ml/kg normal saline intraperitoneal for four weeks. Group C received high fat diet pellets for 8 weeks then received 600μg/kg/day intraperitoneal liraglutide +0.5ml/kg normal saline four weeks along with high fat diet.
High fat diet pellets caused a significant increase in body weight and blood glucose of high fat diet group. Liraglutide revealed a significant elevation in serum level of anti-inflammatory adipokines of group C. It also produces a significant reduction in serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines of group C when compared with group B and control group.
As conclusion, anti-inflammatory effects of liraglutide significantly elevate serum level of anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as significantly reduce serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines.