bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodology and outcome of trials involving older adults in UK care homes: A rapid review
Authors: Choong Elaine Kar Man , Gallagher Jennifer E. , Patel Rakhee 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe United Kingdom (UK) has a well‐developed health and social care system, and strong research governance. However, there is limited evidence to guide best research practice among vulnerable older people in care homes and there is no consensus on clinical trial methodology that is deliverable in this setting.ObjectivesTo review the literature on trials conducted among older adults residing in care homes within the UK and collate evidence on their methodological characteristics and outcomes.MethodsA systematic rapid review methodology was employed. MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were searched in two incremental stages: stage 1 searched for oral health‐related trials conducted within the UK care homes up to July 2021, whereas stage 2 sought for general health‐related trials in the same setting from 2011 to 2021. The quality of included studies was assessed using Cochrane's RoB 2 and ROBINS‐I tools. Findings were summarised descriptively.ResultsFive oral health and 33 general health‐related trials involving care home residents were included for analysis. The most common trial design was parallel group with two arms (n = 25) involving individual randomisation (n = 21). Consent was mainly obtained from residents and/or their proxies (n = 24), followed by residents only (n = 13) and care homes only (n = 1). Based on available data, the number needed to screen to recruit one participant ranged from 2 to 40 (median: 3; Q1‐Q3: 2‐9). Attrition rates ranged from 0% to 73% (median: 21%; Q1‐Q3: 13%‐32%) for follow‐up periods between 1 and 52 weeks. The studies were of mixed methodological quality.ConclusionThis rapid review outlines the methodological characteristics and outcomes of trials conducted among older adults in UK care homes. The findings of this review provide valuable information to assist in navigating and designing future research in this complex setting.
Autoantibodies directed against glutamate decarboxylase interfere with glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in dispersed rat islets
Authors: Kamat Varun , Radtke Jared R. , Hu Qingxun , Wang Wang , Sweet Ian R. , Hampe Christiane S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIslet autoantibodies, including autoantibodies directed against the 65kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65Ab), are present in the majority of patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D). Whereas these autoantibodies are historically viewed as an epiphenomenon of the autoimmune response with no significant pathogenic function, we consider in this study the possibility that they impact the major islet function, namely glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion. Two human monoclonal GAD65Ab (GAD65 mAb) (b78 and b96.11) were investigated for uptake by live rat beta cells, subcellular localization and their effect on glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion. The GAD65 mAbs were internalized by live pancreatic beta cells, where they localized to subcellular structures in an epitope‐specific manner. Importantly, GAD65 mAb b78 inhibited, while GAD65 mAb b96.11 enhanced, glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). These opposite effects on GSIS rule out non‐specific effects of the antibodies and suggest that internalization of the antibody leads to epitope‐specific interaction with intracellular machinery regulating insulin granule release. The most likely explanation for the alteration of GSIS by GAD65 Abs is via changes in GABA release due to inhibition or change in GAD65 enzyme activity. This is the first report indicating an active role of GAD65Ab in the pathogenesis of T1D.
Inhibition of acrylamide formation in potato strip by ultrasonic‐treated methylcellulose batter
Authors: Lua Hwee Ying , Naim Mohd Nazli , P. Mohammed Mohd Afandi , Hamidon Fariza , Abu Bakar Noor Fitrah , Vangnai Kanithaporn , Jittanit Weerachet , Teh Huey Fang 
Published: March 2022

SUMMARYThe ultrasonic (US)‐treated batter mixtures of commercial methylcellulose (MC) as the fried potato strips' coating layer were demonstrated. The layer formed a rapid gel that absorbs the substrate's water content and related functional groups that contribute to acrylamide formation reduction. Different concentrations of MC (0.5‐2.0 w/v %) mixtures were subjected to US at 20 W to evaluate coating layers' effect prior to the deep‐frying process. At 1% w/v concentration batter mixture, the USMC layer reduced the highest acrylamide value. For comparison purposes, the differences in the acrylamide content of the USMC, the non‐USMC and the uncoated samples were 64.7 ± 5.04, 156.4 ± 7.44 and 344.1 ± 5.39 ng g‐1, respectively. The results were supported with lower oil uptake and water retention of the USMC compared with the non‐USMC with the values of 2.2 g/100g and 28.6 g/100g with 5.1 g/100g and 47 g/100g, respectively.
Effectiveness of bacteriophage JN01 incorporated in gelatin film with protocatechuic acid on biocontrol of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef
Authors: Li Ya‐Xing , Zhong Chan , Zhang Hui‐Zhen , Zhao Yuan‐Yang , Shu Mei , Wu Guo‐Ping 
Published: March 2022

SummaryA new gelatin‐protocatechuic acid (PCA) film with Escherichia coli O157:H7 phage JN01 was developed and characterised. After incorporated with JN01, swelling value, water vapour permeability, water solubility and elongation at break of gelatin‐PCA film were not significantly different. The addition of JN01 increased b value and transparency of film, while it decreased L value, a value and tensile strength of film. Moreover, the gelatin‐PCA‐JN01 film presented antioxidant activity of 60.07%. Furthermore, JN01 could be steadily released from gelatin‐JN01 and gelatin‐PCA‐JN01 films in aqueous solution, and their release rates were 7.56% and 0.12% after 11 h, respectively. The microstructure analysis showed that JN01 particles were clustered and uniformly distributed in film, and the aggregation would be attenuated in the presence of PCA. Meanwhile, E. coli O157:H7 counts were 1.13 log10CFU mL−1 and 0.45 log10CFU mL−1 lower in gelatin‐JN01 and gelatin‐PCA‐JN01 films compared with pure gelatin film in vitro at 4 °C for 24 h, respectively. After stored at 4 °C for 7 days, Escherichia coli O157:H7 counts were 1.00 log10CFU g−1 and 0.80 log10CFU g−1 lower in beef packed with these two gelatin films, compared with beef without gelatin film, respectively. In conclusion, the developed gelatin‐PCA‐JN01 film has potential application in food preservation.
An evaluation of professional development for staff working with nursing students in distress
Authors: Ryan Colleen , Mulvogue Jennifer 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClinical learning experiences are known to exacerbate nursing student anxiety, causing them to present to clinical placement in distressed, meaning anxious, states. Students already living with anxiety are also more likely to suffer setbacks at this time. Supervising Registered Nurses (RNs), in the clinical settings, struggle to support this student cohort. A professional development activity was designed to introduce RNs to higher education and nursing students’ known mental health concerns (such as anxiety) and to arm them with strategies for working with distressed students. A research approach that enabled researchers to collaborate with participants was employed to design the intervention. A study evaluated the impact of the educational intervention with 45 Australian RN supervisors. Two tailed T‐tests were chosen to explore the statistical difference between pre‐ and post‐test mean results across the survey items. A 95% confidence interval was used. Statistical significance was set at <0.05. The evaluation indicated the activity could be useful for improving supervising RNs’ mental health literacy, thus enhancing their understanding of how to work with distressed students. Participants recommended the activity be offered to any staff supporting student clinical learning. Collaboration between nursing researchers and nursing clinical staff produced a meaningful professional development activity and motivated the participants to increase their mental health literacy and understanding of strategies to support distressed students. Future projects should adopt similar approaches that would support both RNs’ ability to support students’ during clinical learning and students in distress would also benefit.
The burden of diabetes‐related foot disease among older adults in Australia
Authors: Ahmed Moin Uddin , Tannous Wadad Kathy , Agho Kingsley Emwinyore , Henshaw Frances , Turner Deborah , Simmons David 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiabetes‐related foot disease (DFD) is imposing an enormous burden on the health system and society due to the rapid growth of diabetes worldwide. Given the paucity of robust data on the disease burden of DFD in Australia, this study aimed to estimate the burden of disease due to DFD. The burden of DFD was estimated using the disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALY) approach. Data of 27 931 individuals aged 45 years and older with diabetes residing in New South Wales (NSW) from the 45 and Up Study survey were used in this study by linking it with the emergency department, hospital admissions and the deaths' registry data. The disease burden of DFD was estimated as 8915 DALY in NSW and 27 164 DALY in Australia in 2011. The burden was prominent among males and people aged 65 years and older. Most of the DALY (87%) was attributed to years of life lost or the fatal burden due to diabetes‐related lower limb amputation (DRLEA). The total monetary values of DALY of DFD for NSW and Australia were estimated at approximately AUD 2 billion and AUD 6 billion annually, respectively. Preventative and curative priorities should be given to DRLEA to reduce this burden and target males, especially those aged 65 years and older.
Anti‐drug antibodies of IL‐23 inhibitors for psoriasis: a systematic review
Authors: Norden A. , Moon J.Y. , Javadi S.S. , Munawar L. , Maul J.‐T. , Wu J.J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnti‐drug antibodies (ADAs) can form with certain biological medications, but their clinical significance is not fully understood. ADA formation in psoriasis patients treated with IL‐23 inhibitors was evaluated, looking at the incidence of ADAs, impact on clinical outcomes and association with adverse events. A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases yielded 318 articles, which were manually reviewed. A total of 19 articles met the eligibility criteria. The incidence of ADAs with the IL‐23 inhibitors was as follows: 4.1–14.7% with guselkumab, 141–31% with risankizumab and 6.51–18% with tildrakizumab. The incidence of neutralizing antibodies ranged from 01–0.6% with guselkumab, 21–16% with risankizumab and 2.5 to 3.2% with tildrakizumab. There was no evidence of reduced efficacy of psoriasis treatment with ADA presence alone. However, some studies found a reduction in clinical response with high ADA titres or with the presence of neutralizing antibodies. A few studies reported that patients with ADAs to guselkumab and risankizumab had a higher incidence of injection site reactions (ISRs). There do not appear to be other adverse events associated with ADAs with IL‐23 inhibitors. Testing for presence of ADAs alone in this patient group does not appear to be predictive of treatment response. Clinically, it may be more productive to test for neutralizing antibodies or ADA titre values, although further investigation is required to show a definitive correlation.
Analysis of the mesh resolution of an .STL exported from an intraoral scanner file
Authors: Abad‐Coronel Cristian , Atria Pablo J. , Romero Muñoz Carla , Conejo Julián , Mena Córdova Nancy , Pendola Martin , Blatz Markus 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to provide information on the accuracy of exported digital files with the different resolutions available in the CEREC 4.6.2 software obtained by means of an intraoral scanner (IOS), in addition to establishing differences between materialized models with different exported resolutions, and how these different exported files can influence finite element analysis (FEA) simulations.Materials and MethodsThe upper complete arch of 10 patients was scanned through an IOS (CEREC Omnicam 1.0/Dentsply Sirona). Files of three resolution meshes digitalized by a CAD software (Cerec SW, 4.6.2) high, medium and low (IOSH, IOSM, and IOSL) were exported. Each file was evaluated by a software (NETFABB) about the number of triangles obtained and compared with the number announced by the manufacturer. Also, with a superimposition with a specialized software (GEOMAGIC X), the digital models were compared. The files of each resolution were printed (Sprintray 3D Printer), and the printed models were scanned with IOS (Omnicam 1.0) and compared with the control group (intraoral scanned high‐resolution file, IOSH).FEA simulations were imported into COMSOL and analyzed under different loading conditions.ResultsThe number of exported triangles coincided with that reported by the manufacturer. The digital models from files of different resolution did not show significant differences (less than 1.5 um) between each other. Models printed (H, M, L) from files of the same resolution mesh (H, M, L) did not show significant differences between them either in partial measures of the arch and neither in the complete arch. FEA showed significant differences in stress concentration between different exported models.Clinical SignificanceDigital models can be exported and printed in three resolutions of the mesh, without differences clinically significative. On the other hand, for future FEA applications further research should be performed in order to determine the optimal number of triangles.
Dose Matters in Evaluation of a School‐Based Adolescent Sexual Health Education Program
Authors: Benton Amy D. , Nason Erica , Lewis Carol , Vinklarek Aubrey , Santana Alda 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDResearch on the effects of intervention dose on outcomes within adolescent sexual health education programming is lacking. Existing research on dose typically utilizes the number of sessions as a variable. In a school setting, there are scheduling limitations, student absences, and other logistical barriers that have the potential to affect the number of sessions for an intervention and, in turn, impact the efficacy of programming.METHODSThis article evaluates the effectiveness of a school‐based, peer‐led adolescent comprehensive sexual health education program, with a focus on dose. A repeated measures MANOVA was used to evaluate the effects of individual difference variables and intervention variables on changes in participants' knowledge and attitudes across 2 time points. Additionally, paired t‐tests were used to evaluate changes in specific behaviors.RESULTSResults indicated that knowledge improved following the intervention, and specifically larger doses, measured in minutes, of the intervention were associated with larger improvements in knowledge. There were no significant effects related to attitudes or behavioral outcomes.CONCLUSIONSThis study adds to the knowledge base by including analysis of how the dose of intervention may impact youth outcomes. Implications for school health practices and research are discussed.
Rapid onset functional tic‐like behaviours in children and adolescents during COVID‐19: Clinical features, assessment and biopsychosocial treatment approach
Authors: Han Velda X , Kozlowska Kasia , Kothur Kavitha , Lorentzos Michelle , Wong Wui Kwan , Mohammad Shekeeb S , Savage Blanche , Chudleigh Catherine , Dale Russell C 
Published: March 2022

AimTo report the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with rapid onset functional tic‐like behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsSingle centre, retrospective cohort study of children (<18 years) referred to the tic clinic from January 2018 to July 2021. We calculate the prevalence of newly diagnosed functional tics, and compare the clinical features to chronic tic disorder/Tourette syndrome (CTD/TS).ResultsA total of 185 new patients were referred to the tic clinic between 2018 and 2021. There was a significant increase in the percentage of functional tics in 2020 and 2021 (2% in 2018, 5.6% in 2019, 10.6% in 2020 and 36% in 2021). Differences between functional tics (n = 22) and CTD/TS (n = 163) include female predominance (100 vs. 28%, P < 0.0001), later age of onset (mean age 13.8 vs. 6.8 years, P < 0.0001) and higher rates of anxiety/depression (95 vs. 41%, P < 0.0001). The functional tic group were more likely to present with coprolalia‐like behaviours (77 vs. 10%, P < 0.0001), complex phrases (45 vs. 0.6%, P < 0.0001), copropraxia (45 vs. 2%, P < 0.0001), self‐injury (50 vs. 4%, P < 0.0001), hospitalisation/emergency visits (36 vs. 2%, P < 0.0001) and school absenteeism (56 vs. 7%, P < 0.0001). A total of 18.2% of patients with functional tics reported preceding exposure to social media content involving tics.ConclusionsThere is an increase in adolescent females presenting with rapid onset functional tic‐like behaviours during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We highlight differences in clinical features between the functional tic group and CTD/TS to aid diagnosis and management in the community. Based on our findings, we propose a mixed model of neuropsychiatric vulnerability and social media contagion in this group of adolescents with functional tics.
Effects of incremental increases in grass silage proportions from different harvest years on methane emissions, urinary nitrogen losses, and protein and energy utilisation in dairy cows
Authors: Birkinshaw Amy , Sutter Michael , Reidy Beat , Kreuzer Michael , Terranova Melissa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDairy cows, methane and global warming have become publicly related terms. However, appropriate dairy cow management may in fact be part of the climate solution when viewed as part of the biogenic carbon cycle. Accordingly, governments and consumers are encouraging more sustainable, locally produced, climate friendly dairy production that often includes grassland‐based feeding. However, this system is presumed to result in greater methane emissions compared to corn silage‐ or concentrate‐based diets. An increase in urine nitrogen, associated with increased ammonia and nitrous oxide emission potential, questions the environmental usefulness of this strategy pertaining to global warming. This study is the first to compare the effects of incremental increases of grass silage proportion on enteric methane production as well as N and energy losses in dairy cows. Twenty‐four mid‐ to end‐lactation dairy cows were each fed one of 24 different diets, from two different harvest years, gradually increasing in grassland‐based feeds (grass silage and hay) from about 500 to 1000 g/kg and concomitantly decreasing in corn silage. Each cow underwent a 7‐day total collection period and was housed for 48 h in respiration chambers. Incremental data were subjected to an approved parametric regression analysis approach. The dietary increase in grassland‐based feeds did not impair milk yield, N and energy utilisation. Simplified regression equations revealed that, contrary to current assumptions, there was a decline in methane production from 373 to 303 g/day when increasing grassland‐based feeds from 500 to 1000 g/kg diet, and there was a trend for a decline in emission intensity from 20.6 to 17.6 g/kg of energy‐corrected milk. However, urine nitrogen emissions clearly increased even when related to nitrogen intake; the latter from 260 to 364 g/kg when increasing grassland‐based feeds from 500 to 1000 g/kg. Methane and urine nitrogen emissions were not affected by year of harvest.
Comparison of lung ultrasound, chest radiographs, C‐reactive protein, and clinical findings in dogs treated for aspiration pneumonia
Authors: Fernandes Rodrigues Nina , Giraud Léna , Bolen Géraldine , Fastrès Aline , Clercx Cécile , Boysen Søren , Billen Frédéric , Gommeren Kris 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundComparison of clinical findings, chest radiographs (CXR), lung ultrasound (LUS) findings, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations at admission and serial follow‐up in dogs with aspiration pneumonia (AP) is lacking.HypothesisLung ultrasound lesions in dogs with AP are similar to those described in humans with community‐acquired pneumonia (comAP); the severity of CXR and LUS lesions are similar; normalization of CRP concentration precedes resolution of imaging abnormalities and more closely reflects the clinical improvement of dogs.AnimalsSeventeen dogs with AP.MethodsProspective observational study. Clinical examination, CXR, LUS, and CRP measurements performed at admission (n = 17), 2 weeks (n = 13), and 1 month after diagnosis (n = 6). All dogs received antimicrobial therapy. Lung ultrasound and CXR canine aspiration scoring systems used to compare abnormalities.ResultsB‐lines and shred signs with or without bronchograms were identified on LUS in 14 of 17 and 16 of 17, at admission. Chest radiographs and LUS scores differed significantly using both canine AP scoring systems at each time point (18 regions per dog, P < .001). Clinical and CRP normalization occurred in all dogs during follow up. Shred signs disappeared on LUS in all but 1 of 6 dogs at 1 month follow‐up, while B‐lines and CXR abnormalities persisted in 4 of 6 and all dogs, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceLung ultrasound findings resemble those of humans with comAP and differ from CXR findings. Shred signs and high CRP concentrations better reflect clinical findings during serial evaluation of dogs.
Mandarin essential oil as an antimicrobial in ethanolic fermentation: Effects on Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Varano A. , Shirahigue L. D. , Azevedo F. A. , Altenhofen da Silva M. , Ceccato-Antonini S. R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe antibacterial activity of citrus essential oils (EOs) in the context of combating Limosilactobacillus fermentum, one of the most important bacterial contaminants in the bioethanol production industry, has never been explored previously. Industrial processes usually utilize sulfuric acid for cell treatment to decrease bacterial contamination. However, due to the hazardous nature of sulfuric acid, an alternative to it is highly desirable. Therefore, in the present study, the efficacy of Fremont IAC 543 mandarin EO against a strain of L. fermentum (ATCC® 9338™) was evaluated under proliferative/nonproliferative conditions, in both pure culture and co-culture with an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mandarin EO exhibited higher effectiveness against L. fermentum compared to that against S. cerevisiae under nonproliferative conditions (added to water rather than to culture medium). At the concentration of 0·05%, the EO was as effective as the acid solution with pH 2·0 in reducing the count of L. fermentum almost 5 log CFU ml–1 cycles, while the concentration of 0·1% led to the complete loss of bacterial culturability. When L. fermentum was co-cultured with S. cerevisiae, the efficacy of the EO against the bacterial strain was reduced. However, despite this reduced efficacy in co-culture, mandarin EO may be considered effective in combating L. fermentum and could be applied in processes where this bacterium proves to be unfavourable and does not interact with S. cerevisiae.