bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resting-state BOLD signal variability is associated with individual differences in metacontrol
Authors: Zhang Chenyan , Beste Christian , Prochazkova Luisa , Wang Kangcheng , Speer Sebastian P. H. , Smidts Ale , Boksem Maarten A. S. , Hommel Bernhard 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNumerous studies demonstrate that moment-to-moment neural variability is behaviorally relevant and beneficial for tasks and behaviors requiring cognitive flexibility. However, it remains unclear whether the positive effect of neural variability also holds for cognitive persistence. Moreover, different brain variability measures have been used in previous studies, yet comparisons between them are lacking. In the current study, we examined the association between resting-state BOLD signal variability and two metacontrol policies (i.e., persistence vs. flexibility). Brain variability was estimated from resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) data using two different approaches (i.e., Standard Deviation (SD), and Mean Square Successive Difference (MSSD)) and metacontrol biases were assessed by three metacontrol-sensitive tasks. Results showed that brain variability measured by SD and MSSD was highly positively related. Critically, higher variability measured by MSSD in the attention network, parietal and frontal network, frontal and ACC network, parietal and motor network, and higher variability measured by SD in the parietal and motor network, parietal and frontal network were associated with reduced persistence (or greater flexibility) of metacontrol (i.e., larger Stroop effect or worse RAT performance). These results show that the beneficial effect of brain signal variability on cognitive control depends on the metacontrol states involved. Our study highlights the importance of temporal variability of rsfMRI activity in understanding the neural underpinnings of cognitive control.
Angle-dependent broadband asymmetric acoustic transmission in a planar device
Authors: Qian Yuhang , Yang Jing , Hu Jie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAsymmetric manipulation of acoustic transmission is of fundamental interest for wave physics, and has attracted rapidly-growing attentions owing to the potential applications in diverse scenarios. Here we propose to realize angle-dependent asymmetric acoustic transmission by designing a planar structure comprising a gradient-index layer and a layer of homogeneous medium with relatively-lower index. We analytically derive the working frequency and angle range of the device with unidirectional mechanism. And the simulated results show that the proposed device gives rise to high-efficiency broadband asymmetric transmission by allowing acoustic waves normally incident on one side to pass, while behaving as an acoustic barrier blocking waves obliquely incoming from both directions as angle of incidence exceeds a critical angle. Bearing the advantages of simple design, broad bandwidth and switchable functionality, our scheme opens a route to the design of novel acoustic devices capable of adapting various circumstances, and may find applications in noise control, medical detection, etc.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of dengue prevention between dengue sustained hotspots and non-sustained hotspots in Singapore: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chng Jeth WeiQuan , Parvathi Tamilsalvan , Pang Junxiong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDengue sustained hotspots (SHS) have resulted in a significant public health burden. In our study, we aimed to (1) compare knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) scores between SHS and non-sustained hotspots (NSHS); and (2) identify and describe gaps and factors associated with KAP of dengue prevention among SHS residents residing in Singapore. A cross-sectional study with convenience sampling was conducted using digital survey in randomly selected SHS and NSHS residential areas, consisting of residents aged 21 or older and who had been residing in their existing housing unit in 2019 and 2020. Chi-square test and T-test were used for comparison analysis of categorical and continuous variables, respectively. A total of 466 respondents completed the self-administered, anonymous survey. There were no significant difference in mean scores for Knowledge [SHS(24.66) vs. NSHS(24.37); P: 0.18], Attitudes [SHS(10.38) vs NSHS(10.16); P: 0.08] and Practices [SHS(9.27) vs NSHS(8.80); P: 0.16] sections. Significant SHS-associated factors identified were age group 41–50 years old [95%CI: 1.25–5.03], Malay (95%CI: 0.17–0.98), up to secondary school education (95%CI: 0.07–0.65), private condominium (95%CI: 1.17–3.39), residing in same household unit for 2–5 years (95%CI: 2.44–6.88), respondents who know that mosquito can breed in open container with stagnant water (95%CI: 0.06–0.98), disagree that reducingAedesmosquitoes is the only way to prevent dengue: (95%CI: 1.19–3.00) and go to clinic/hospital even without severe symptoms: (95%CI: 0.39–0.95). These independent factors associated with dengue sustained hotspots may influence the risk of dengue transmission in residential areas.
Steady-state solutions of split beams in electron storage rings
Authors: Jebramcik Marc Andre , Khan Shaukat , Helml Wolfram 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecently, a novel operation method for synchrotron light sources with transversely split beams has been explored to fulfill the rising demand for flexible and high-throughput X-ray sources required in such diverse fields as time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy, molecular chemistry in organic cells, high-resolution medical imaging, quantum materials science or sustainable energy research. Within that novel operation mode, additional stable regions are produced in the horizontal phase space by operating an electron storage ring on a resonance that is driven by the nonlinear sextupole or octupole magnets. In the longitudinal phase space, a similar split can be produced by introducing an oscillation of the synchrotron phase via a modulation of the phase of the radiofrequency resonator. Strong radiation damping in electron storage rings, however, has to be overcome before additional regions in phase space can become populated by particles and form stable islands. This damping mechanism changes the dynamics of the system and causes diffusion between the different islands in phase space, raising the question what kind of equilibrium state exists in the asymptotic temporal limit. In this paper, a finite-differences approximation in rotating action-angle coordinates is used to solve the Vlasov–Fokker–Planck equation and to study the obtained equilibrium states for the longitudinal as well as the transverse case. The number of solution vectors and the magnitude of the corresponding singular values of the matrix of the underlying finite-differences equation are used as abstract indicators to define the required parameter set that provides stable additional beamlets. As a consequence, the beamlets have a stability that is close to that of the main beam in terms of diffusion caused by the radiation damping and quantum excitation.
In silico, in vitro and in vivo characterization of host-associated Latilactobacillus curvatus strains for potential probiotic applications in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Cathers Hannah S. , Mane Shrinivasrao P. , Tawari Nilesh R. , Balakuntla Jayanth , Plata Germán , Krishnamurthy Madan , MacDonald Alicia , Wolter Marilyn , Baxter Niel , Briones Julian , Nagireddy Akshitha , Millman Gregory , Martin Roberto E. , Kumar Arvind , Gangaiah Dharanesh 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSalmon aquaculture is the fastest growing animal protein production system in the world; however, intensive farming leads to poor weight gain, stress, and disease outbreaks. Probiotics offer the potential to enhance growth performance and feed efficiency in Atlantic salmon, as well as immunostimulate fish against common pathogens, benefitting farmers and consumers with more efficient production. Here, we isolated and identified 900 native microbial isolates including 18 Lactobacilli from the farmed salmon intestines. Based on whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the Lactobacillus candidates belonged to Latilactobacillus curvatus (L. curvatus) species and formed two distinct phylogenetic groups. Using bioinformatics and in vitro analyses, we selected two candidates L. curvatus ATCC PTA-127116 and L. curvatus ATCC PTA-127117, which showed desirable safety and probiotic properties. The two L. curvatus candidates were evaluated for safety and efficacy (higher final weight) in Atlantic salmon alongside spore-forming Bacilli isolated from salmon, poultry, and swine. All the tested candidates were safe to salmon with no adverse effects. While we did not see efficacy in any Bacillus supplemented groups, compared to untreated group, the group administered with the two L. curvatus strains consortium in feed for seven weeks in freshwater showed indicators of improvement in final body weight by 4.2%. Similarly, the two L. curvatus candidates were also evaluated for safety and efficacy in Atlantic salmon in saltwater; the group administered with the two L. curvatus strains consortium in feed for 11 weeks showed indicators of improvement in final body weight by 4.7%. Comprehensive metabolomics analyses in the presence of different prebiotics and/or additives identified galactooligosaccharide as a potential prebiotic to enhance the efficacy of two L. curvatus candidates. All together, these data provide comprehensive genomic, phenotypic and metabolomic evidence of safety and desirable probiotic properties as well as indicators of in vivo efficacy of two novel endogenous L. curvatus candidates for potential probiotic applications in Atlantic salmon. The in vivo findings need to be confirmed in larger performance studies, including field trials.
Relationship between nitrapyrin and varying nitrogen application rates with nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen use efficiency in a maize field
Authors: Borzouei Azam , Karimzadeh Hedayat , Müller Christoph , Sanz-Cobena Alberto , Zaman Mohammad , Kim Dong-Gill , Ding Weixin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReducing nitrogen losses can be accomplished by mixing fertilizers with nitrification inhibitors (NI). In some agricultural systems, increasing soil N supply capacity by the use of NI could lead to improved N use efficiency (NUE) and increased crop yields. This study examined the effect of different N rates and NI in maize in the north of Iran. The maize was fertilized with urea at three levels (69, 115 and 161 kg N.ha−1) alone or with nitrapyrin as NI. Increasing the N application rate resulted in a considerable rise in growing-season N2O emissions. When nitrapyrin was used, N2O emissions were dramatically reduced. NI treatment reduced N2O emissions in the growth season by 88%, 88%, and 69% in 69, 115, and 161 kg of N.ha−1, respectively. NI treatment reduced yield-scaled N2O emissions; the lowest quantity of yield-scaled N2O was found in 69 N + NI (0.09 g N2O–N kg−1 N uptake). Additionally, grain yield increased by 19%, 31% and 18.4% after applying NI to 69 N, 115 N, and N69, N115 and N161. Results showed that 115 N + NI and N69 treatments showed the highest (65%) and lowest (29%) NUEs, respectively. Finally, our findings show that NI can reduce N2O emissions while increasing NUE and yield, but that the application method and rate of nitrapyrin application need to be improved in order to maximize its mitigation potential.
Evidence of air pollution-related ocular signs and altered inflammatory cytokine profile of the ocular surface in Beijing
Authors: Jing Dalan , Jiang Xiaodan , Zhou Peng , Ren Xiaotong , Su Jie , Hao Ran , Zhang Mingzhong , Wan Yu , Li Xuemin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe evaluated how different degrees of air pollution affect the ocular surface of a cohort of human subjects in Beijing by correlating in-patient test outcomes with tear cytokines. A cross-sectional study involving 221 volunteers was carried out in different districts of Beijing. Air pollution indices were recorded for 7 d (including the visit day). The indices recorded were the air quality index (AQI), which is a dimensionless measure that quantitatively describes the state of air quality, concentrations of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The Ocular Symptom Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire provided. Subsequently, subjects underwent slit-lamp examination, which included meibomian gland examination, conjunctival congestion score, conjunctivochalasis grade, tear meniscus height (TMH), tear breakup time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), Schirmer I test, and conjunctival impression cytology. The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in tears were measured by microsphere-based immunoassay analysis. According to the value of the AQI, participants are divided into a slightly polluted (SP) group (n = 103) which the AQI value is less than or equal to 100 and a heavily polluted (HP) group (n = 118) whose AQI value is more than 100. Air pollution is related to ocular discomfort based on tear cytokine concentrations. PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 were positively correlated with OSDI, MG expressibility, meibum score, meiboscore, conjunctival congestion score, Schirmer I test value, TMH, goblet-cell density, concentrations of IL-6, and VEGF were negatively correlated with TBUT. PM2.5 and PM10 appear to be the major risk factors to the ocular surface, with NO2 being another important risk factor based on this study. The symptoms and signs of eye discomfort in the SP group were significantly less severe than those in the HP group, and tear cytokine concentrations (IL-6 and VEGF) were lower. Air pollution degrees were significantly correlated with tear cytokine concentrations, indicating an alteration of cytokine balance at the ocular surface under different degrees of air pollution.
An ionic silver coating prevents implant-associated infection by anaerobic bacteria in vitro and in vivo in mice
Authors: Soma Tomoya , Iwasaki Ryotaro , Sato Yuiko , Kobayashi Tami , Ito Eri , Matsumoto Tatsuaki , Kimura Atsushi , Homma Fuka , Saiki Keitarou , Takahashi Yukihiro , Miyamoto Kana , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Morita Mayu , Ishii Ken , Asoda Seiji , Kawana Hiromasa , Xingyu Zhu , Aizawa Mamoru , Nakagawa Taneaki , Miyamoto Takeshi 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCurrently, implants are utilized clinically for bone transplant procedures. However, if infectious osteomyelitis occurs at implant sites, removal of bacteria can be challenging. Moreover, altered blood flow at peri-implant infectious sites can create an anaerobic environment, making it more difficult to treat infection with antibiotics. Thus, it would be beneficial if implants could be modified to exhibit antibacterial activity, even in anaerobic conditions. Here, we show antibacterial activity of silver ions coated on titanium rods, even against the anaerobic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, we implanted silver-coated or control uncoated titanium rods along with P. gingivalis in mouse femoral bone BM cavities and observed significantly inhibited P. gingivalis infection with silver-coated compared with non-coated rods, based on in vivo bio-imaging. Osteonecrosis by infectious osteomyelitis and elevation of the inflammatory factors C-reactive protein and IL-6 promoted by P. gingivalis s were also significantly reduced in the presence of silver-coated rods. Overall, our study indicates that silver ion coating of an implant represents a therapeutic option to prevent associated infection, even in anaerobic conditions or against anaerobic bacteria.
Domain wall enabled steep slope switching in MoS2 transistors towards hysteresis-free operation
Authors: Song Jingfeng , Qi Yubo , Xiao Zhiyong , Wang Kun , Li Dawei , Kim Seung-Hyun , Kingon Angus I. , Rappe Andrew M. , Hong Xia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe device concept of ferroelectric-based negative capacitance (NC) transistors offers a promising route for achieving energy-efficient logic applications that can outperform the conventional semiconductor technology, while viable operation mechanisms remain a central topic of debate. In this work, we report steep slope switching in MoS2 transistors back-gated by single-layer polycrystalline PbZr0.35Ti0.65O3. The devices exhibit current switching ratios up to 8 × 106 within an ultra-low gate voltage window of $$V_{{{\mathrm{g}}}} = \pm \! 0.5$$

V

g

=
±

0.5

V and subthreshold swing (SS) as low as 9.7 mV decade−1 at room temperature, transcending the 60 mV decade−1 Boltzmann limit without involving additional dielectric layers. Theoretical modeling reveals the dominant role of the metastable polar states within domain walls in enabling the NC mode, which is corroborated by the relation between SS and domain wall density. Our findings shed light on a hysteresis-free mechanism for NC operation, providing a simple yet effective material strategy for developing low-power 2D nanoelectronics.
Seawater-magma interactions sustained the high column during the 2021 phreatomagmatic eruption of Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba
Authors: Maeno Fukashi , Kaneko Takayuki , Ichihara Mie , Suzuki Yujiro J. , Yasuda Atsushi , Nishida Kiwamu , Ohminato Takao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhreatomagmatic eruptions are among the most hazardous types of volcanic eruptions on Earth. Here, we show how rapidly ascended magma interacted with seawater in a shallow sea environment based on a high-resolution timeseries record of a sizeable phreatomagmatic eruption that occurred at the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba volcano, Ogasawara, on 13 August 2021. The eruption started on the seafloor at a depth of <70 m and breached the sea surface to produce a 16 km-high, water-rich sustained eruption column. The magma volume, ~0.1 km3, including the tuff cone and the pumice raft, is consistent with SO2 emissions estimated from satellite observations and geochemistry. Most eruption and deposit observations can be explained by the effective near-vent accumulation of pyroclasts emitted during jet-seawater interactions fed by magma discharging at a rate of 3–6 × 105 kg/s. Our results contribute to understanding the dynamics and hazards of shallow submarine volcanism.
Genomic insights into phage-host interaction in the deep-sea chemolithoautotrophic Campylobacterota, Nitratiruptor
Authors: Yoshida-Takashima Yukari , Takaki Yoshihiro , Yoshida Mitsuhiro , Zhang Yi , Nunoura Takuro , Takai Ken 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The genus Nitratiruptor represents one of the most numerically abundant chemolithoautotrophic Campylobacterota populations in the mixing zones of habitats between hydrothermal fluids and ambient seawater in deep-sea hydrothermal environments. We isolated and characterized four novel temperate phages (NrS-2, NrS-3, NrS-4, and NrS-5) having a siphoviral morphology, infecting Nitratiruptor strains from the Hatoma Knoll hydrothermal field in the southern-Okinawa Trough, Japan, and conducted comparative genomic analyses among Nitratiruptor strains and their phages. The Nitratiruptor temperate phages shared many potential core genes (e.g., integrase, Cro, two structural proteins, lysozyme, and MazG) with each other despite their diverse morphological and genetic features. Some homologs of coding sequences (CDSs) of the temperate phages were dispersed throughout the non-prophage regions of the Nitratiruptor genomes. In addition, several regions of the phage genome sequences matched to spacer sequences within clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) in Nitratiruptor genomes. Moreover, a restriction-modification system found in a temperate phage affected an epigenetic feature of its host. These results strongly suggested a coevolution of temperate phages and their host genomes via the acquisition of temperate phages, the CRISPR systems, the nucleotide substitution, and the epigenetic regulation during multiple phage infections in the deep-sea environments.
Asylum seeking and refugee adolescents’ mental health service use and help-seeking patterns: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Namer Yudit , Freţian Alexandra , Podar Diana , Razum Oliver 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlmost a third of all people who entered Germany to seek protection since 2010 were under the age of 18. Asylum-seeking and refugee (ASR) adolescents in Germany face reduced entitlements to healthcare and experience barriers in accessing mental healthcare, despite documented mental health needs. This mixed-methods study aims to describe the mental health needs and service use of ASR adolescents in Germany and identify the predictors of their help-seeking patterns. Here we report findings of cross-sectional data collected between February 2019 and November 2020 in schools and refugee accommodations in three German federal states. Our subsample consists of ASR between the ages of 11 and 18, coming from Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq (N = 216). Cross-sectional data are supplemented by semi-structured interviews with nine mental health professionals in one region of the study. Our findings reveal an underutilization of mental health services relative to the emotional difficulties reported. Perceived and experienced access barriers, age, and externalizing and internalizing symptoms predict different help-seeking patterns. Psychotherapy-related social resources, as well as reporting of emotional difficulties, are predictors of actual or intended psychotherapeutic service utilization. Based on our quantitative and qualitative findings, we highlight the need for widespread, accessible, and low-threshold mental health initiatives designed to work with ASR adolescents, for additional assistance in navigating the mental healthcare system, as well as for support to important people in ASR adolescents’ lives who fill the gap between mental health needs and accessible mental healthcare services.
Performance evaluation of cognitive relay networks for end user mobile over mixed realistic channels
Authors: Khodeir Mahmoud A. , Al‐Mistarihi Mamoun F. , Ibrahem Lama N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCognitive relay network is a spectrum dynamic paradigm that exploits the unused portions of the licensed spectrum. This is based on merging both cooperative relaying techniques and cognitive radio network to achieve spectrum efficiency and enhance the overall system performance. In this paper, the presence of mobile users at the destination node is considered. Here, the end users can navigate at relatively fast vehicular velocities causing dynamic multipath fading and high Doppler shift. which can be fairly modelled using Nakagami‐fading channel (i.e. ). In a spectrum scarcity environment, a secondary user must deploy an optimal power allocation policy to get higher transmission rates while the overall interference affecting the primary user (PU) is kept below a certain threshold value. In particular, the outage probability (OP) performance is studied over the mixed Rayleigh and Nakagami‐m fading channels for different scenarios and a tight closed‐form expressions are derived for the system OP of underlay dual‐hop cognitive relay networks with a single amplifiy‐and‐forward (AF) relay with and without the use of the direct link transmission and selection diversity at the destination with interference power constraints for the primary network over independent and non‐identical (i.n.i.d) Rayleigh and Nakagami‐m fading channels when based on the statistical characteristics of signal‐to‐noise ratio. Numerical results are presented to evaluate the impact of the fading parameter, m, the maximum aggregated intrusion constraint, and the locations of the primary users (PUs) on different channel scenarios at high vehicular speeds. Monte Carlo simulations are presented to verify and validate analytical results.