bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relationship and biogeography of the genus Diestramima, a cave cricket endemic to the Oriental realm (Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae)
Authors: Zong Jingsong , QIN YANYAN , SHEN CHUZE , HE ZHUQING , LI KAI 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Diestramima is only distributed in the Oriental realm, and mainly in China. Because they are apterous, these insects are good materials for studying biogeography. In this study, we reconstruct the phylogeny tree of Diestramima species based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference based on six genes, and use fossil-based molecular dating and ancestral range estimation to reconstruct the dispersal route.
Results

The results of molecular system are highly consistent with the morphological characteristics of these species. At the subgenus level, it is difficult to give a reasonable explanation on the phylogenetic tree although we found that some groups share some common characteristics. Dating and historical biogeography analyses suggest an early Miocene origin of the genus. Some ancestors of the genus Diestramima have been distributed in Guangxi, Yunnan province and other regions of China at this time. In the late Miocene, the genus Diestramima dispersed from the low mountain and hilly areas of Guizhou, Guizhou and Hunan to inland China. Quaternary glaciation determines their current geographical distribution pattern. Southeast Asia is the most likely original place of the genus Diestramima.
Conclusion

In phylogenetic clades of Diestramima, similarity in geographic distribution is as important as similarity in morphological characteristics. Combined with the results of biogeographic analysis, the two temperature rises in the Palacocene and Miocene may have intensified the dispersal of the ancestors of the genus Diestramima in the Oriental realm. The temperature drop and the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were the main reasons for the divergence within the genus Diestramima. In addition, changes in humidity and changes in surface plant communities are also important factors affecting their divergence.
A biomechanical comparison between cement packing combined with extra fixation and three-dimensional printed strut-type prosthetic reconstruction for giant cell tumor of bone in distal femur
Authors: Min Li , Hu Xin , Lu Minxun , Zhang Yuqi , Wang Yitian , Tu Chongqi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: The most common reconstruction method for bone defects caused by giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is cement packing combined with subchondral bone grafting and extra fixation. However, this method has several limitations involving bone cement and bone graft, which may lead to poor prognosis and joint function. A titanium-based 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis, featured with excellent biocompatibility and osseointegration ability, was developed for this bone defect in our institution. The goal of this study is to comparatively analyze the biomechanical performance of reconstruction methods aimed at the identification of better operative strategy. Methods: Four different 3D finite element models were created. Model #1: Normal femur; Model #2: Femur with tumorous cavity bone defect in the distal femur; Model #3: Cavity bone defect reconstructed by cement packing combined with subchondral bone grafting and extra fixation; Model #4: Cavity bone defect reconstructed by 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis combined with subchondral bone grafting. The femoral muscle multiple forces were applied to analyze the mechanical difference among these models by finite element analysis.Results：Optimal stress and displacement distribution were observed in the normal femur. Both reconstruction methods could provide good initial stability and mechanical support. Stress distributed unevenly on the femur repaired by cement packing combined with subchondral bone grafting and extra fixation, and obvious stress concentration was found around the articular surface of this femur. However, the femur repaired by 3D-printed strut-type prosthetic reconstruction showed better performance both in displacement and stress distribution, particularly in terms of the protection of articular surface and subchondral bone.Conclusions: 3D-printed strut-type prosthesis is outstanding in precise shape matching and better osseointegration. Compared to cement packing and extra fixation, it can provide the almost same support and fixation stiffness, but better biomechanical performance and protection of subchondral bone and articular cartilage. Therefore, 3D-printed strut-type prosthetic reconstruction combined with subchondral bone grafting can be an alternative method for the treatment of GCTBs in distal femur.
Urinary Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (UACR), Even within Normal Range, and Risk of Hypertension (HTN), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), HTN with T2DM, Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Chinese Population: A Report from REACTION Study
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Yun , Li Yijun , Hu Ying , Jin Lingzi , Wang Anping , Wang Weiqing , Gao Zhengnan , Tang Xulei , Yan Li , Wan Qin , Luo Zuojie , Qin Guijun , Chen Lulu , Gu Weijun , Lyv Zhaohui , Mu Yiming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Albuminuria has been widely considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)，which is associated with hypertension (HTN), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), HTN with T2DM and dyslipidemia. However, it is unclear the association between albuminuria and HTN, T2DM, HTN with T2DM, dyslipidemia and CVDs. Thus, this study is aimed to thoroughly explore the association of albuminuria, even within the normal range, with the abovementioned diseases in the Chinese population. Methods: This study included 40188 participants aged over 40 years from seven centers across China. Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) was firstly divided into the ≥ 30 mg/g group, indicating kidney damage, and < 30 mg/g group. Furtherly, UACR was divided into five groups: the < 20% group, the 20–39% group, the 40–59% group, the 60–79% group and the ≥ 80% group, according to quintile division of participants within the normal range. Propensity score matching was used to reduce bias, and multiple logistic regression models were conducted to examine the association between UACR and HTN, T2DM, HTN with T2DM, dyslipidemia and CVDs. Results: Multivariable regression analysis revealed that UACR, even within the normal range, is significantly associated with HTN, T2DM, HTN with T2DM, dyslipidemia and CVDs, and the association between UACR and HTN with T2DM was most significant in model 3 even after adjusting for confounding factors (HTN: OR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.65-1.88, P<0.0001; T2DM: OR: 1.98, 95%CI: 1.84-2.12, P<0.0001; HTN with T2DM: OR: 2.37, 95%CI: 2.19-2.57, P<0.0001; Dyslipidemia: OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 1.01-1.14, P=0.0154; CVDs: OR: 1.14, 95%CI: 1.02-1.27, P=0.0244). In the stratified analysis, high normal UACR was significantly associated with HTN, T2DM, HTN with T2DM, dyslipidemia in subgroups. Conclusions: We conclude the higher prevalence of HTN, T2DM, HTN with T2DM, dyslipidemia and CVDs in abnormal UACR and reveal a significant association of UACR, even within the normal range, with HTN, T2DM, HTN with T2DM, dyslipidemia and CVDs.
Formation of Bifunctional Cross-Linked Products Due To Reaction of NAMI-A With DNA Bases – A DFT Study
Authors: Shah Pramod Kumar , Shukla Pradeep Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It is reported that NAMI-A and other Ru-anticancer complexes preferably bind with the N7 site of guanine and can also form DNA inter-strand cross-links. Therefore, in order to understand the DNA cross-link formation capability of NAMI-A, we have investigated here the structure and energetics of the reactions of the GN7-NAMI-A (a monofunctional adduct of NAMI-A with the N7 site of guanine) with the N3, N7 and O6 sites of guanine, the N1, N3 and N7 sites adenine, the O2 and N3 sites of cytosine and the O2 and O4 sites of thymine, using the M06-2X functional of density functional theory. It is found that the GN7-NAMI-A can form stable cross-linked products at all the sites studied here except at the N3 site of cytosine and O2 site of thymine. The calculated reaction free energies and reaction enthalpies indicate that the N3 site of adenine (AN3) and N7 site of guanine (GN7) are most exothermic among all the studied reactions. This study shows that NAMI-A would favorably form the cross-linked products involving the N7 site of guanine at one side and the N7 site of guanine or the N3 site of adenine at the other side.
Functional Outcome of Unstable Pelvic Fractures Treated in a Level III Hospital in a Developing Country: A 10-Year Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Chunteng Nana Theophile , ANGE NGO YAMBEN MARIE , PIUS FOKAM , MAHAMAT ALI , FREDDY BOMBAH , BOUKAR EKANI , KENNEDY MULUEM , MEFIRE CHICHOM ALAIN 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Unstable pelvic fractures are severe and life-threatening injuries with high morbi-mortality rates. Management of these fractures is a major challenge in orthopaedic practice in limited resource communities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional outcome of unstable pelvic fractures managed in a hospital with limited diagnostic and therapeutic facilities. Methodology: This was a hospital based prospective observational study carried out from 1st of January 2009 to 31st of December 2018 at the Limbe Regional, a level III health institution in the South West region of Cameroon. Results: A total of 68 patients were included in the study. The ages ranged from 18 to 80 years with a mean age of 39 ± 5 years. The average follow-up duration at the latest visit was 36 months (range 3–84 months). There were 59 cases that were evaluated. The overall average Majeed score was fair. Poor outcomes were noted in patients aged 60 years and above, those with co-morbidities, and those managed conservatively. Conclusion: although the functional outcomes following unstable pelvic fractures have improved with modernised diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, it is not the case in poor resource settings where the lack of these modalities make the management challenging, consequently affecting the functional outcome
Salidroside attenuates HALI via IL-17A-mediated ferroptosis of alveolar epithelial cells by regulating Act1-TRAF6-p38 MAPK pathway
Authors: Guo Baoyue , Zuo Zhongfu , Di Xingwei , Huang Ying , Gong Gu , Xu Bo , Wang Lulu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Liang Zhuang , Hou Yang , Liu Xuezheng , Hu Zhansheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background and Purpose: Hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI) is a critical life-threatening disorder characterized by severe infiltration immune cells and death of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII). However, little is known about the relations between immune cells and AECII in HALI. IL-17A is a pro-inflammatory cytokine mainly secreted by Th17 cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. The present study investigated the role of IL-17A in cell-cell communication between immune cells and AECII in HALI, and explored the therapeutic effect of salidroside (Sal, a natural anti-inflammatory agents) on HALI.Methods: Mice with HALI were induced by exposure to hyperoxia over 90% for 12 h, 24 h, 48 h or 72 h, and the optimal timing was detected by H&E and Masson staining. Ferroptosis was confirmed by detecting the levels of MDA, Fe2+ and GPX4, and the morphological alterations of AECII under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine, including IL-6, TGF-β1, IL-17A and IL-17A receptor (IL-17RA) were measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemical stanning. The ferroptosis-related Act1/TRAF6/p38 MAPK pathway was detected by Western blotting. The role of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A for AECII ferroptosis, and the effect of Sal on HALI were investigated by administration of Y-320 (IL-17 inhibitor) and Sal respectively 3 days before mice exposed to hyperoxia.Results: Mice exposed to hyperoxia for 24 h suffered sufficient HALI with inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition, and exhibited features of ferroptosis under TME. Meanwhile, compared with sham mice, mice exposed to hyperoxia showed down-regulation of GPX4, and up-regulation of IL-6, TGF-β1, IL-17A, IL-17RA, Act1, TRAF6, p38 MAPK and p-p38 MAPK. Moreover, inhibition of IL-17A with Y-320 or administration with Sal could reverse the effect caused by hyperoxia respectively. Conclusions: IL-17A is associated with immune cells infiltration in HALI, and contributes to ferroptosis of AECII that related to Act1/TRAF6/p38 MAPK pathway. Additionally, Sal protects against HALI throughout the whole pathogenic process.
Internal and External Validation of a Machine Learning-assisted Predicting Models for Mechanical Ventilation-associated Severe Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Feng Cong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The preventative and therapeutic strategies of mechanical ventilation (MV)-associated severe AKI are still limited. We developed clinical prediction models for early warning the occurrence of severe AKI in the first week of ICU during the initiation of MV.
Methods
Retrospective analysis of a large ICU database (MIMIC-IV). Data collection were based on the clinical information available on ICU admission and during the first 12 hours of MV. Predictors were selected successively using univariable and multivariable analysis. Two machine learning algorithms were compared for model development. The primary outcome was predicting the development of AKI stage 2 or 3 (AKI-23) and AKI stage 3 (AKI-3) in the first week of ICU stay after the initiation 12 hours of MV. The developed models were further external validated in another multi-center ICU database (eICU) and evaluated in different subpopulations of patients.
Results
Models were developed in the development cohort (MIMIC-IV: 2008-2016 n=3,986) and random forest performed better than logistic regression. In the internal (MIMIC-IV: 2017-2019, n=1,210) and external (eICU, n=1,494) validation cohort, the incidences of AKI-23 were 154 (12.7%) and 119 (8.0%), the AUCs were 0.78 (95% CI 0.74-0.82) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.76-0.84), respectively, while AKI-3 had the incidences were 81 (6.7%) and 67 (4.5%), the AUCs were 0.81 (95% CI 0.76-0.87) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.73-0.86), respectively.
Conclusions
MV-associated severe AKI can be predicted early with models driven by machine learning techniques based on routinely clinical information. The validated models are available at: https://apoet.shinyapps.io/mv_aki_2021_V2.0/
Optical pulse labeling studies reveal exogenous seeding slows α-synuclein clearance
Authors: Croft Cara , Paterno Giavanna , Vause Ava , Ryu Daniel , Goodwin Marshall , Moran Corey , Cruz Pedro , Giasson Benoit , Golde Todd 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in intracellular formations known as Lewy bodies (LBs) is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease and Lewy Body Dementia. There is still limited understanding of how α-syn and the formation of LBs is associated with cellular dysfunction and degeneration in these diseases. To examine the clearance and production dynamics of α-syn we transduced organotypic murine brain slice cultures (BSCs) with recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) to express Dendra2-tagged human wild-type and mutant A53T α-syn, with and without the addition of exogenous α-syn fibrillar seeds and tracked them over several weeks in culture using optical pulse labeling. We found that neurons expressing wild-type or mutant A53T human α-syn show similar rates of α-syn turnover even when insoluble, phosphorylated Ser129 α-syn has accumulated. Taken together, this data reveals α-syn aggregation and overexpression, pSer129 α-syn, nor the A53T mutation affect the protein dynamics of α-syn in this system. Prion-type seeding with exogenous α-syn fibrils significantly alters the kinetics of α-syn turnover, resulting in slowed clearance associated with the accumulation of anti-p62 immunoreactivity and Thiazin Red positivity. Prion-type induction of α-syn aggregation results in a more mature LB formation, pointing towards a potential protein clearance deficit in the presence of fibrillar seeds and the ease of this system to explore precise mechanisms underlying these processes. This novel BSC model system facilitates the exploration of α-syn protein dynamics over long-term culture periods. This platform can further be exploited to provide mechanistic insight on what drives this slowing of α-syn turnover and how therapeutics, other genes or different α-syn mutations may affect α-syn protein dynamics.
Interaction analysis of lipid accumulation product and family history of diabetes on impaired fasting glucose and diabetes risk in population with normotension in Eastern China: a community-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Shu Li , Zhao Yingying , Shen Yanqi , Jia Linlin , Zhang Jiaye 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is considered to be a new convenient useful indicator to assess the visceral fat. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the risk factors of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes, and explore the possible interacting influences of LAP with other factors on the risk of IFG and diabetes among Chinese normotension adults.Methods: A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was conducted to select urban residents in Bengbu, China. For each eligible participant, data on questionnaire survey, anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests were obtained. The effects of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and LAP for predicting IFG and diabetes were performed by multiple logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. The interaction effects were evaluated by relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (SI).Results: 6467 normotension subjects (2695 men and 3772 women) were enrolled in our study, the prevalence of IFG and diabetes were 9.37% and 14.33%, respectively. When assessed using ROC curve analysis, LAP exhibited higher diagnostic accuracy for identifying IFG and diabetes than BMI, the area under the AUC curve was 0.650 (95% CI: 0.637 to 0.662). After adjustment for age, sex, educational level and other confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that subjects with the fourth quartile of LAP were more likely to develop IFG (adjusted OR: 2.735, 95% CI: 1.794-4.170) and diabetes (adjusted OR: 1.815, 95% CI: 1.297-2.541) than those with the first quartile. A significant interaction between LAP and family history of diabetes was observed in participants (RERI=1.538, 95%CI: 0.167 to 3.612; AP=0.375, 95%CI: 0.118 to 0.631; SI=1.980, 95%CI: 1.206 to 3.251). However, a significant interaction between LAP and abdominal obesity was indicated by the value of RERI (1.492, 95%CI: 0.087 to 3.723) and AP (0.413, 95%CI: 0.014 to 0.756), but not the value of SI (1.824, 95%CI: 0.873 to 3.526). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that there might be synergistic effect between LAP and family history of diabetes on the risk of IFG and diabetes.
Survival Analysis of Recurrent Events on Women Breast Cancer: The case of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Biru Tashome Fenta , Akessa Geremew Muleta , Jabir Yasin Negash , Gurmu Selamawit Endale 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. It is a cancer that develops from breast tissue and most common invasive cancer in women. Recurrent events data have been increasingly important in clinical studies where individuals experience an event more than once and it is a major clinical indicator, which represents the principal cause of breast cancer-related deaths. The aim of the study was to investigate determinants of the recurrence of breast cancer.
Methods
To reach the aim, 421 women with breast cancer were included in the study based on data taken from medical record card of patients enrolled starting from 1st January 2013 to 30th January 2019. A retrospective study has been applied to obtain data on women breast cancer that recorded in oncology department of Tikur Anbessa specialized Hospital. Unmeasured shared similarities due to the impact of multiple events were modeled using a random effect. Cox-PH model and Shared frailty model were used to identify which factor was significantly affecting the recurrence of breast cancer.
Results
From the total of 997 recurrent events, about 609 (61.1%) of them experienced recurrence of breast cancer. The shared log-normal frailty model was chosen as the best fit for this breast cancer data set based on the value of Likelihood cross validation criterion. From the result of shared log-normal frailty model age, stage of breast cancer, tumor size, histology grade, breast feeding and oral contraceptives were significantly associated with recurrence of women breast cancer.
Conclusion
generally shared log-normal frailty model shows that the stage (II, III, IV), tumor size ((3-5) cm, >5 cm), histology grade (poorly differentiated) and oral contraceptive were significantly increases the risk of recurrence of breast cancer. While, breast feeding was significantly decreases the risk of recurrence of breast cancer. It is recommended that policy maker, ministry of health and Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital are expected to make interventions based on these hazardous groups for recurrence of breast cancer.
The influence of the motivation theory on women startup enterprises in Kigali
Authors: Nsengimana Simon , Naicker Visvanathan 
Published: January 2022

Achievement motivation refers to the attainment of business goals. An entrepreneur can receive a reward from the achievement motivation in terms of intrinsic or extrinsic rewards. However, due to cultural norms, stereotyping, and patriarchy, Rwandan women face difficulties when starting a business. Some women broke the glass ceiling and launched their businesses amidst many challenges.
A quantitative method guided this study. The survey collected 409 questionnaires from purposively selected women-owned SMEs in Kigali.
The findings indicate the challenges they faced, such as HIV/AIDS, a lack of entrepreneurship skills, and market opportunities. Despite the challenges they faced, their businesses performed well, which supported the theory of ‘achieve motivation’. This resulted in rewards, such as respect among family members, the community, and an improvement in their lifestyle, which is critical in Kigali.
This study provides novelty in discovering women’s SME achievements in Kigali based on motivation theories.
The findings of this study provide a directive to policymakers to improve women-owned businesses under patriarchal environments in Kigali.