bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mite Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1979
Authors: Boethel David J. , Micinshi Stephen , Shelton Richard R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two similar but independent experiments were conducted to control pecan leaf scorch mites on mature “Stuart”, “Schley”, and “Success” pecan trees at Monroe, LA. The experimental design for Experiment #I was a randomized block design consisting of 4 blocks with 2 trees per treatment per block. Applications were made Aug 14 with a Myers 2A42 sprayer with ca. 500 gal being applied per acre. Evaluation occurred on Aug 21 (7 days post-treatment) and Aug 28 (14 days post-treatment) by counting the number of mites present on 2 leaflets on each of 10 randomly selected compound leaves per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Walnut Husk Fly Control with Bait Sprays, California, 1979
Authors: Riedl Helmut , Joos Johannes 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Field experiments were carried out in a 6-acre mature walnut planting of the Franquette variety to evaluate the synthetic pyrethroid Pydrin with and without a protein hydrolysate bait for control of husk fly. Four treatments (including the check), each consisting of four 6-tree (2 × 3) replicates, were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments varied from full tree coverage without bait to 1/2 and 1/4 tree coverage with bait sprays. All applications were made with a hydraulic handgun sprayer. Shortly before harvest (Oct 10) nuts (2400/treatment) were inspected for husk fly eggs, larvae, and shell stains. Leaf samples (480 leaflets/treatment) were taken Oct 25 and brushed for mites.
Control of Worms on Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Bowman James S. , Porcellini S. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A block of 'Eastern Baldhead' cabbage transplanted on Jul 4 on the Robert Wiggin Farm, Stratham, NH was utilized. Spray treatments were applied on Aug 8, 15, 22, 30; Sep 5, 12, and 19 to plots consisting of 20-ft rows replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Applications were made to both sides of the row using a B & G CO2 pressurized sprayer (40 psi) at a rate of 25 gal/acre. All combination treatments were tank mixed. Evaluations were made by counting the number of worms on 5 plants/replicate and by foliage injury ratings on Sep 18. The categories used in rating the foliage injury were: 1 = slight or trace holes; 2 - less than 10% of leaves with feeding holes; 3 = severe feeding on 25% of leaves; 4 = severe feeding on 50% of leaves; 5 = severe feeding on 100% of leaves. Aphid control evaluations were also made on Sep 18 by determining the percentage of plants/plot with a least one established aphid colony. Percent marketable heads was determined on Sep 8.
Effects of Spreader-Stickers on Insect Control Efficacy of Bacillus Thuringiensis on Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Clancy K. M. , Devisetty B. N. , Hopkins J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Wisconsin All Seasons' cabbage was transplanted on Jun 6 and 7 at the Hopkins Agricultural Chemical Co. Randolph Experimental Farm, Randolph, W1. Experimental plots consisted of 2-rows 20-ft long, with 42 to 48 in. between rows, at 12 to 24 inch plant spacings. Plots were separated by single boarder rows. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design. Weekly sprays were applied Jul 11, 18, 15; Aug 1, 10, 17 and 24 at the rate equivalent to 60 gallons of water per acre using a 5 ft boom, 3.0-gallon, C02-pressurized, back-pack sprayer operated at 110 psi with 4 flat-fan nozzles. Treatments were evaluated by counting the number of cabbage looper, imported cabbageworm, and diamondback moth larvae and pupae on 5 plants/plot. Counts were made 3 times on Aug 8 and 9, Aug 22 and 23, and Aug 28, 29 and 30. Inches of precipitation during the experiment, as recorded for the U.S. Department of Commerce at the Beaver Dam, Wisconsin Wastewater Treatment Plant (ca 12 miles east of Randolph Experimental Farm), was as follows: Jul 11-.02, 14-.08, 21-.49, 22-.10, 24-.15, 25-.03, 30-.81, Aug 3-.17, 5-.81, 8-.02, 9-2.54, 12-.10, 17-.26, 19-.19, 20-.87, 22-.63, 23-.02, 26-.10, 27-.06, 28-.10, and 29-.08. Population pressure from cabbage loopers and imported cabbageworms was heavy, and untreated cabbage heads were severely damaged by these two species. Diamondback moth populations and damage were very light.
Cabbage Foliar Protective Insecticide Spray Study, 1979
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Wisconsin Golden Acres 84' white cabbage was transplanted May 23 in a randomized block design with three replications and 24 in. row spacing. Dacthal 75W was used pree merge nee at 12 lbs/acre and 200 lbs 20-20-20 fall applied and disced in. Plot size was 5 ft × 25 ft with 2 rows/plot. Bravo 6F at 1.0 qt/acre was applied with Cub tractor boom sprayer weekly as maintenance. Broadcast foliar sprays were made using CO2 bottle sprayer and a 5 ft swath passes/plot at 30 GPA and 30 psl. Four weekly sprays were applied starting Jul 12 and continued Jul 19, Jul 28 and Aug 3. At harvest, Aug 7, 5 mature cabbage heads/plot were cut, weighed and rated for insect damage. Outer wrapper leaves were removed for evaluation. No aphid colonies were observed in the plots nor was any phytotoxicity noted. A moderate population of diamondback moth and cabbageworm larvae occurred in the check plots with head leave damage by fleabeetles.
Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm Control on Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Hogenkamp Derk J. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Schulz Paula J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Various molt inhibitating insecticides were tested on cabbage looper and imported cabbageworm larvae. 'Late Flat Dutch' cabbages planted Jun 18 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Rosemount, MN were treated. Field plots were single, 30-ft rows spaced 40-inches apart, with 18-inch in-row plant spacing. Insecticides were applied using a hand-operated, compressed air sprayer in 114-gal water/acre at ca 40 psi, Aug 20 for the first test and Sep 5 for the second. Leaves were harvested from treated plots 1-day after spraying. Larvae collected the same day from adjacent untreated plots were brought in to the laboratory and placed in petri dishes on ca 4-in2 of cabbage leaf. Each test consisted of 25 larvae and was repeated 4 times. The insects used were primarily 3rd instar imported cabbageworms and primarily 4th instar cabbage loopers. The petri dishes were checked on a daily basis and new food provided when necessary.
Cabbage Maggot Control on Transplanted Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots consisted of 250-ft rows bordered by 2 untreated rows on each side. Cabbages were transplanted Jul 10 in a Lima silt loam soil, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. All insecticide applications were based on a 24 in row width. The directed sprays were applied at the bases of the plants in a 2 - 4 in wide spray band on Jul 12 using 2 flat fan nozzles (1510)/row delivering 171 GPA. The transplant treatment was by hand to ensure that the correct amount of the insecticide solution was applied in the proper location. After making a small hole with a hand trowel, 7 oz of the insecticide mixture were poured around the roots of the transplants and then the hole was filled. Foliar treatments timed for the adult fly peak of the 2nd brood of cabbage maggots were applied Aug 13 with a tractor-powered sprayer delivering 30 GPA through 3 flatfan nozzles (110015)/row. Damage assessments were made Sep 14 by pulling, washing and counting the number of cabbage maggot tunnels in 10 roots/treatment.
Cabbage Maggot Control, 1979
Authors: Robbins P. S. , Webb D. R. , Eckenrode C. J . 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were planted and treated Jun 26 at our vegetable entomology research farm in a Lima silt loam soil. Seeds of both crops were planted at 10/ft and treatments were applied using cone seeders. Germination counts were made Jul 16. Turnip seedlings were then thinned to ca 2/ft and cabbage to ca 1/1.5 ft. Plots consisted of a single row, 25 ft long, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide applications were based on a 24 in row width. All in-furrow and foliar sprays were applied using a CO2-powered sprayer delivering 82 GPA mounted on one of the cone seeders. Injury ratings were made by pulling 10 roots/plot, washing them, and counting the number of tunnels present. Turnips were examined Sep 10 and cabbage Sep 12.
Cabbage Insect Management, 1979
Authors: Simonet D. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Market Prize' cabbage was direct seeded on Apr 17 and thinned to a 12 inch spacing at the Vegetable Research Station, OARDC, Fremont, OH. Double row plots, 20 ft long, on 24-inch centers separated by untreated borders were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 pressurized 2.5 gallon sprayer using a single nozzle at 40 psi delivering 50 gpa. Weekly counts were made on 10 cabbage plants/replicate. After Jun 29, only those plots exceeding a mean of 0.5 larva/plant were treated. Plots were harvested and yields taken on Aug 7.
Diamondback Moth, Imported Cabbageworm, and Cabbage Looper on Cabbage, 1979
Authors: Wilsey W. T. , Shelton A. M. , Luetchford C. M. , Gilpatrick J. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tests consisted of field trials for standard and Bacillusthuringiensis compounds on the Robbins Farm near Geneva, NY. 'Roundup' cabbage was transplanted Jul 11 for standard compound treatments and Jul 18 for B.t. treatments. Plots in standard treatment block consisted of two 50-ft rows while B.t. blocks were 10—Ft rows. Each plot was 36-inches wide, with a 16-inch plant spacing. Two buffer rows of sweet corn separated each treatment. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design with 15 ft between replications. A 2-row, tractor-mounted boom operating at 60 psi, delivering 30 gal/acre and having 3 nozzles/row, was used to spray each treatment on a weekly schedule. Effectiveness of treatment was determined by counting diamondback, imported cabbageworm and cabbage looper larvae on 3 plants/replication. Larvae counts were made 2-4 days after application.
Apple, Integrated Mite Control Test, 1979
Authors: Bower Colin C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twenty insecticide and fungicide programs were tested for their compatibility with the biological control of T. urticae by T. occldentalis. A basic spray program was constructed which was varied by the addition, deletion or substitution of a single chemical for each test program. The basic program represented a typical grower spray program, and all chemicals were applied at the times and frequencies at which they are normally used. The whole block received cover sprays of Dodlne A 50W (Sep 26, Oct 11, Nov 8, 23) and Cothion 50W (Oct 26, Nov 10, 20, Dec 11, Jan 4, 31, Feb 21, Mar 22) applied by an M.B.P. Airmist drivepast sprayer at 1250 liters/ha. Treatments, replicated 4 times, were applied to single tree plots in a randomized, complete block design. Sprays were applied by handgun to run-off at lx concentration using a Bean sprayer with a 160-Iiter/min pump. About 16 liter/tree was used. Buffer trees surrounded each study tree and, except for the cover sprays, were not sprayed during the trial. The basic spray program consisted of Nimrod 25W (Sep 25, Oct 9, 23, Nov 8), Captan A 83W (Nov 28, Dec 12, 27, Jan 16, Feb 6) and Thiodan 35W (Oct 4, 12) in addition to the cover sprays. In 5 programs Benlate 50W, Sulfaloid 80W, Morocide 50W, Morestan 25W and a no-spray treatment were substituted for the mMdewicide Nimrod 25W and were applied on the same dates as Nimrod. Similarly, Dodine A 50W, Dithane M45 80W, and Zitox 80W were substituted for Captan A 83W. There was also a no-spray control for Thiodan 35W. Single greentip sprays (Sep 12) of Cuprox 50W + superior winter oil and lime sulphur + superior winter oil were added in 2 programs. Three programs compared additions of single sprays of Kilval 40W applied in spring (Nov 13) and summer (Jan 24) and Pirimor 50W (Jan 24). In 3 other programs, heavy (19.0 liter/tree) and light (7.3 liter/tree, no run-off) applications of Bugmaster Dimoth 80W were compared with NAA (Shellestone 2% w/v) + Kemotan T20 as thinning applications (Oct 24). A full program of chemicals thought to be least toxic to T. occidentalis was made by adding Cuprox 50W (Sep 12), NAA + Tween 20 (Oct 24) and Pirimor 50W (Feb 2) to the basic program. Control trees received no sprays apart from the cover sprays. The effects of the spray programs were assessed by taking samples of 25 leaves from the inner sections of each study tree below a height of 1.5 m at two-wk intervals throuqhtout the season. An extra sample of only 10 leaves/study tree was taken on Feb 6 when predator numbers peaked. The numbers of active stages of T. urticae and T. occidentalis were counted on each leaf using a dissecting stereomicroscope.
Granular Insecticide Whorl Applications for Caterpillar Control on Sweet Corn, 1979
Authors: Gauthier Norman L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Butter and Sugar' sweet corn at 26,000 plant population/acre was planted on Jun 13. Two blocks of 40 rows each on 30 in row spacing were established for postemergence granular insecticide applications. Plot size was 5 ft × 30 ft, two rows per plot in a randomized block design with three replications for block 'A' and four replications block 'B'. Materials were applied as banded row treatments over the tops of plants directing granular materials into tassels and whorls by hand held shaker can. Two rows were used per treatment. Block 'A' (Table 1) was treated Aug 16 at tassel emergence and block 'B' (Table 2) was treated Aug 21 at early green tassel (EGT). Insect control was evaluated at harvest on Sep 24, by husking 20 ears (10 ears per each row/plot) per treatment and counting the number of worm damaged ears and degree of injury. In block 'B' 40 ears were sampled. A heavy earworm population developed tn both blocks. Analysis of 100 larvae collected showed the population to consist of 88% CEW, 10% FAW, and 2% ECB.
Foliar Sprays to Control Fall Armyworms in Sweet Corn, 1979
Authors: Hofmaster R. N . , Francis J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'N&K 199' sweet corn was planted, 10-in spacing in 3-ft rows, on Jul 26. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of a single 25-ft long row with an untreated row adjacent to each treatment plot. Treatments were initiated Aug 9 at which time the plants were 3-4 inches high. Additional applications were made on Aug 17 and 24 but were terminated after that time due to severe lodging which made spraying impossible. Insecticidal performance was determined by counting the number of fall armyworms/10 plants on Aug 27 and by foliage injury ratings on this same date. The following categories were selected for evaluation of fall armyworm injury: 1) only occasional chewing, necessary to look close to see evidence of feeding damage; 2) Visible signs of feeding but less than 10% of foliage injured; 3) Severe feeding on up to 25% of leaves, considerable “bird” damage; 4) Heavy feeding on up to 50% of leaves, whorl mostly destroyed; 5) Practically 100% of foliage destroyed, plants skeletonized. The experiment was designed primarily to check the performance of a number of insecticides under intense fall armyworm stress. Each fall, usually about mid-August, fall armyworm infestations become so severe in Tidewater, VA that it is simply impossible to control them, especially in corn that is still succulent. Often, the armyworms get a head start before they are noticed but in this particular test the corn was treated shortly after emergence. Obviously, the first application was made on newly hatched or emerging 1st instar armyworms.
Field Evaluation of Insecticides for Asian Corn Borer on Vegetable Corn, Pangasinan, Philippines, 1979
Authors: Litsinger J. A . , dela Cruz C. G. , Paragna F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Early maturing corn (55 days) is grown with the onset of the monsoon rainy season as a cash crop by small-scale farmers before puddled rice. Corn borer infestations begin as early as 21 days after crop emergence (DE), thus insecticide sprays were applied on 21, 31, and 41 DE and granulars were applied once by hand in the whorl on 21 DE. Five trials on farmers' fields evaluated 31 insecticides. Azodrin was included in each trial for comparison. Insecticides were applied at 1.0 kg ai/ha to 4 replicated plots (50 sq m) by a manually operated, 19-1 knapsack sprayer with a fan jet nozzle in a randomized complete block design. Spray volume averaged 650 l/ha. Corn (2-4 seeds/hill, 50-cm between hills) was planted by hand in furrows 1-m wide and received no fertilizer application. Rainfall was 37 mm (Apr), 305 mm (May), and 144 mm (June); RH averaged 77%; and the mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures were 35° and 23 ° C, respectively, during the crop period. At harvest 25 plants/plot were examined and cut open to record the number of corn borer cavities and larvae (inside and outside the stems). Yield was based on 20-sq m. The ears were sorted by length to select those which were marketable (10 cm). Insect damaged ears are marketable to the local consumers.
Cabbage Looper Control on Head Lettuce, 1978
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This trial was conducted at the University of Arizona, Mesa Branch Station where the soil type is Laveen Clay loam. Empire variety of lettuce (naked seed) was planted in a dry seed bed Aug 25, 2 seed rows per 40-inch bed using a sled type planter. The planting was furrow irrigated, keeping the beds damp until germination took place. Plants were thinned to a 12 inch spacing on Sep 25 after which they were side dressed with nitrogen fertilizer and irrigated. Plots were 4 (40 inch) beds wide, 13.3 ft by 20 ft long. A complete randomized block design was used, with all treatments replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays using a 2 gallon COo pressurized hand sprayer having a lightweight 2 nozzle boom operating at 55 psi. A single hollow cone nozzle per plant row was used when the plants were small. As they increased in size 2 hollow cone nozzles were used for each plant row. Egg and larval counts were made at approximately weekly intervals beginning on Sep 27 from the middle 2 beds of each plot. Ten plants at random were examined for eggs and larvae. Yield data was obtained from the middle 2 beds of each plot. The total number of plants in the 2 beds was recorded and the mature heads were graded according to #1 1/2, #2 and #3 1/2 sized heads. These numbers indicate the number of heads that can be packed into a standard lettuce shipping carton.
Cabbage Looper and Beet Armyworm Control on Lettuce, 1978
Authors: Tuscano N. C. , Kido K. , Steenwyk R. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cabbage looper and beet armyworm control on Iceberg lettuce 'Climax' from plant emergence to plant thinning was investigated in Imperial Volley, California. Two types of lettuce planting practices are used in the Imperial Valley. They are the following: Precision-where seeds are planted in pairs, two inches apart from each other and pairs were planted at ten inch intervals; Standard-one seed every two inches apart. Each planting practice was treated as an independent plot until thinning. After thinning, the two plantings were combined in the counting of the larvae because the plant spacings were now identical. The plots were 2 beds (40 inch double planting), 50 ft long with 4 replicates in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied using a hand sprayer equipped with a CO2 cylinder fitted with 4 nozzles (#8004) per bed, operated at 60 gals/acre and 30 psi. The treatments were made on Oct 2 at plant emergence and on Oct 17 when plants were in the 4-5 leaf stage.
Southern Peas, Cowpea Curculio Control, Washington Co., 1978
Authors: Chalfant Richard B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Southern peas were planted May 15. Plots were 4 rows wide, 50-ft long, 3-ft row width, replicated 4x in RCB. Plots were treated beginning at anthesis on Jun 30, Jul 3, 7, 10 and 14 using a hand sprayer, 30 psi, 50 gal water/acre When mature on Jul 17, 15 pods/plot were harvested, examined for curculio stings on the pod and seed.
Apple, Integrated Mite Control Test, 1979
Authors: Bower Colin C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment reported below was designed to test several miticides for midseason control of P. ulmi in an orchard where T. urticae was being controlled by T. occidentalis. The test was performed on a commercial orchard at Batlow, N. S. W. 350 km SW of Sydney. Nine-tree plots (3 × 3) were used with leaf samples taken from the center tree. Each treatment (see Tables) was replicated 4 times in a randomized, complete block design. Test sprays were applied dilute to all trees in each plot by an M.B.P. Airmist drivepast sprayer at 2800 liters/ha on Jan 18. Good coverage was achieved with little run-off. Control plots were sprayed with Plictran 50W (20 g/100 liters) on Jan 31 to prevent damage to trees by P. ulmi. Routine cover sprays applied by the grower to the study block during the test period were: Captan A 83W + Gusathion 50W + CaNO3 (Jan 12), Captan A 83W + Gusathion 50W (Jan 31). Samples of 25 leaves were taken from the inner parts of each study tree (100 leaves/treatment) below a height of 1.5 m at the time intervals shown in the table. The numbers of active stages of the 3 mite species were counted on the leaves using dissecting steromicroscopes.
Pepper (Hot), Insect Control, 1978
Authors: Sorensen Kenneth A. , Thompson Michael L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Hot peppers were transplanted into single row plots 20-ft long on 42 inch centers with 5 ft alleys between blocks on May 18, near McGee's Crossroads, NC. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times. Treatments were applied weekly beginning Jun 28 and ending Aug 2 for a total of 6 applications. All sprays were applied at the rate equivalent to 100 gallons/acre using a 2.5 gal CO9 pressurized hand sprayer equipped with a hollow cone nozzle, operated at 40 psi. Harvest yields and European corn borer counts were made on Jul 18 and Aug 9.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Foliar Insecticide Sprays, 1978
Authors: Bishop Guy W . , Hart Donald S. , Sandvol Larry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Russet Burbank' potatoes were planted in 3-ft rows Apr 19, at Parma, ID in Greenleaf-Owyhee silt loam soil. Plots were furrow irrigated. Sprays were applied with a CO2 hand sprayer at 40 psi and 60 gal/acre. Nozzles were spaced at 18 inches on a 4 ft boom. Treatments were replicated in 30-ft long 4-row plots in a randomized complete block design. Colorado potato beetle larvae were counted in a 25 ft section of the 2 center rows.
Foliar Sprays to Control the Colorado Potato Beetle on Irish Potatoes, 1979
Authors: Hofmaster R. N. , Francis J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Norchip' Irish potatoes were planted, 10-inch spacing in 3-ft rows, on Mar 20. Each plot consisted of a single, 25-ft long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. The treatments included in Tables 1, 2, 4 and 5 were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design; those treatments in Table 3 were replicated only 3 times. The sprays were applied with a D. B. Smith 5-gallon knapsack, hand-operated, compressed-air sprayer at the rate of 75 gal/acre (40 psi) using a D. B. Smith #E-147 adjustable cone nozzle. Applications were made on May 21 & 31, Jun 8 & 22 and Jul 2. In evaluating the various insecticideal treatments, direct counts of the number of potato beetle larvae/10 hills and late season foliage injury ratings were utilized. The several categories of the foliage injury ratings are as follows: 1) Only occasional chewing, necessary to look closely to see evidences of feeding damage; 2) Visible signs of feeding but less than 10% of the leaves severely injured; 3) Severe feeding on up to 25% of foliage; 4) Heavy feeding on up to 50% of foliage; and 5) Practically 100% of foliage severely damaged, plants nearly defoliated; and Def. - Plants completely defoliated. Yields were taken on Jul 17.