bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fixation of acetabular fractures with quadrilateral plate involvement using intrapelvic reduction and buttress plate via modified stoppa approach: A clinico-radiological and functional outcome evaluation
Authors: Das Ayon , Das Arijit , Bera Dhananjoy , Samanta Swarnendu 
Published: March 2022

Acetabular fractures with quadrilateral plate involvement form a heterogeneous group of fractures which are not specifically defined by any current classification system. Surgical treatment of these fractures poses a challenge to Orthopaedic surgeons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and outcomes of the fixation technique by using IRBP for acetabular fractures with quadrilateral plate involvement via single modified Stoppa approach.A total of 30 patients with acetabular quadrilateral plate fracture, selected between January 2016 to June 2019, were managed by IRBP via modified Stoppa approach. This was a prospective study and all patients were followed up to a minimum of 2 years. The primary outcome measures were reduction quality and functional outcome which were evaluated according to Matta’s radiological criteria and modified Merle d’Aubigné and Postel score respectively. Secondary outcomes were intra-operative conditions such as operative time and blood loss and post-operative complications.Anatomic reduction was obtained in 22 (73.3%), Imperfect in 6 (20%), and Poor in 2 (6.7%) cases. The modified Merle d’Aubigné and Postel score outcomes were Excellent to Good in 25 (83.3%) patients, Fair in 3 (10%), and Poor in 2 (6.7%) with the mean score being 16.07 ± 2.68. 21 (70%) patients did not have any complications. None of the cases had quadrilateral screws entering the hip joint.The use of IRBP system is an effective and safe choice for acetabular fractures with quadrilateral plate involvement done via modified Stoppa approach as it has low rate of complications, addresses multiple fractures of acetabulum through a single approach and provides good functional and radiological outcomes over long term.
Functional and radiological outcome of gartland type 2 and 3 supracondylar fracture humerus in children treated by percutaneous pinning
Authors: Rajput Shashwat Singh , Sharma Jayant , Mustafa S.A 
Published: March 2022

Supracondylar fracture of Humerus is the commonest injury around the Elbow in children. It constitutes about 60% of all the fractures about the Elbow in children. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the results of percutaneous pinning of unstable or irreducible Type II and III Supracondylar Humeral fractures in children. A prospective study was conducted on 30 children, taking into consideration age, gender, affected side, mode of injury, type of fracture, Gartland classification of fractures, time duration between injury and surgery, postoperative complications and radiographic and clinic variables.: The median loss of motion was 5 degrees and the median change in carrying angle was 4 degrees. All patients had satisfactory results in terms of Loss of Carrying angle, Limitation of Elbow flexion and Flynn’s grading. There were 19 patients that had excellent ratings, 9 patients had good ratings and lastly only 2 patients had fair Flynn’s ratings. There was only 01 patient suffering from neurological deficit and only 01 patient from pin track infection. Percutaneous fixation with two crossed Kirschner wires leads to good functional and radiological outcome of Gartland type 2 and 3 supracondylar fracture humerus in children.
Treatment efficacy using occlusal splint for anterior disc displacement without reduction of temporomandibular joint
Authors: Divakar Nimisha , Vengal Manoj , Ahsan Auswaf 
Published: March 2022

Management of TMDs with occlusal splint is a reversible, non- invasive modality which causes minimum damage to tissues, when compared to other irreversible treatment modalities. Objectives of this study is to assess the effectiveness of flat occlusal splint in patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction by evaluating reduction in pain and improvement in mouth opening. 35 participants with mean age 35 years who does not have any systemic diseases and not undergoing treatment for ADD without reduction were selected for study. After recording pain score on VAS scale and maximum mouth opening, flat occlusal splint was fabricated for maxillary arch. Patients were advised to wear the splint for all the time except on meal times. Maximum mouth opening and pain score were again evaluated after 3 weeks. Statistical results showed that there is highly significant reduction in pain score and increase in maximum mouth opening. Mean VAS score before treatment was 7.26±0.88. After treatment with splint therapy, VAS score was reduced to 2.94±1.41. The mean value of maximum mouth opening before treatment was 23.09±4.25. After treatment with splint therapy, it was increased to 30.37±5.43. Both parameters had p value &#60;0.001, which is highly significant statistically. Significant reduction in pain score and improvement in mouth opening noted after using flat occlusal splint in patients having ADD without reduction. However, further studies are needed on a long term basis for better results.
What prognostic information does flow cytometry provide in canine B-cell lymphoma?
Authors: Haythornthwaite Benjamin 
Published: March 2022

PICO question
In dogs with B-cell lymphoma, does the use of flow cytometry provide useful prognostic information?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Prognosis
The number and type of study designs reviewed
Twelve papers were critically reviewed. All were cohort studies
Strength of evidence
Moderate
Outcomes reported
There are multiple potential prognostic indicators in canine B-cell lymphoma that flow cytometry can be used to evaluate, including lymphoma stage, survival time and time to progression. There is promising evidence for the use of percentage expression of CD25 and Ki67 cellular markers in providing prognostic information in canine B-cell lymphoma and these should be assessed further in clinical practice. Flow cytometry has also been shown to be useful in assessing bone marrow infiltration and providing prognostic information relating to this. There is also evidence for the prognostic value of measuring expression of class II MHC and CTLA-4 cellular markers, peripheral lymphocyte / monocyte ratio, nodal regulatory T-cell populations and the ratio between T and B lymphocytes in extranodal locations. Peripheral regulatory T-cell populations and cellular size were also assessed, however further investigations are required before confirming their prognostic value
Conclusion
Flow cytometric analysis offers useful measures of prognosis in canine B-cell lymphoma, although further validation is required before introducing their routine use. Percentage expression of CD25 and Ki67 cellular markers from lymph node aspirates of dogs with B-cell lymphoma appear to be promising prognostic indicators in clinical investigations, however this needs to be translated into clinical practice. While there is evidence for the prognostic value of bone marrow infiltration measured flow cytometrically, expression of class II MHC and CTLA-4, peripheral lymphocyte / monocyte ratio, nodal regulatory T-cell populations and the ratio between T and B lymphocytes in extranodal locations, these need to be further investigated before introducing into clinical practice. As new antibodies against cellular targets in dogs become available, it is likely that flow cytometry will become even more useful in providing prognostic information

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
The Annual Homeless Point-in-Time Count: Limitations and Two Different Solutions
Authors: Tsai Jack , Alarcón Jemma 
Published: March 2022

The point-in-time (PIT) homeless count conducted annually in communities across the United States is a major metric reported to the federal government that has a number of limitations. With the PIT count in 2021 being optional because of the COVID-19 pandemic and potential increases in homeless-related needs in the aftermath of the pandemic, there are opportunities for renewed efforts to improve how the United States enumerates homelessness, determines needs of communities, and tracks progress in ending homelessness throughout the nation. This article describes 2 divergent solutions: (1) improve the PIT by standardizing methodologies across jurisdictions and supplementing counts with other data sources or (2) replace the PIT with a new system. There are strengths and limitations of both solutions. Advocates for either solution agree that there are important funding considerations to take into account and advancing technologies to utilize. As the nation continues to ramp up public health efforts, homelessness is a public health crisis that could benefit from improved epidemiological and data science methods. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):633–637. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306640 )
Air Pollution in American Indian Versus Non–American Indian Communities, 2000–2018
Authors: Li Maggie , Hilpert Markus , Goldsmith Jeff , Brooks Jada L. , Shearston Jenni A. , Chillrud Steven N. , Ali Tauqeer , Umans Jason G. , Best Lyle G. , Yracheta Joseph , van Donkelaar Aaron , Martin Randall V. , Navas-Acien Ana , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna 
Published: March 2022

Objectives. To compare fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in American Indian (AI)-populated with those in non–AI-populated counties over time (2000–2018) in the contiguous United States. Methods. We used a multicriteria approach to classify counties as AI- or non--AI-populated. We ran linear mixed effects models to estimate the difference in countywide annual PM2.5 concentrations from well-validated prediction models and monitoring sites (modeled and measured PM2.5, respectively) in AI- versus non–AI-populated counties. Results. On average, adjusted modeled PM2.5 concentrations in AI-populated counties were 0.38 micrograms per cubic meter (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23, 0.54) lower than in non–AI-populated counties. However, this difference was not constant over time: in 2000, modeled concentrations in AI-populated counties were 1.46 micrograms per cubic meter (95% CI = 1.25, 1.68) lower, and by 2018, they were 0.66 micrograms per cubic meter (95% CI = 0.45, 0.87) higher. Over the study period, adjusted modeled PM2.5 mean concentrations decreased by 2.13 micrograms per cubic meter in AI-populated counties versus 4.26 micrograms per cubic meter in non–AI-populated counties. Results were similar for measured PM2.5. Conclusions. This study highlights disparities in PM2.5 trends between AI- and non–AI-populated counties over time, underscoring the need to strengthen air pollution regulations and prevention implementation in tribal territories and areas where AI populations live. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4): 615–623. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306650 )
Mapping QTLs for Spring Green-up, Plant Vigor and Plant Biomass in Two Lowland Switchgrass Populations
Authors: Chang Dan , Dong Hongxu , Bai Shiqie , Wu Yanqi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) is an important perennial cellulosic bioenergy species. Identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling important developmental traits is valuable to understanding the genetic basis and breeding high-yielding cultivars. One F 1 hybrid population consisting of 176 individuals derived from NL94 (♀) × SL93 (♂), and one S 1 (first-generation selfed) population of 265 individuals from NL94, were used to study spring green-up, plant vigor and plant biomass in switchgrass. Both populations showed significant variations for genotype, and genotype by environment interactions for the three traits. Plant vigor had strong and positive correlations with plant biomass in both populations. Broad sense heritability estimates of plant vigor ranged from 0.46 to 0.74 and 0.45 to 0.74 in the hybrid and selfed population, respectively. Spring green-up had similar heritability estimates in these two populations (0.42-0.78 in hybrid population, 0.47-0.82 in selfed population). The heritability of plant biomass was above 0.5 (0.54-0.64 in hybrid population, 0.64-0.74 in selfed population). Fifteen and four QTLs were detected for spring green-up in the hybrid and selfed population, respectively. Six and four QTLs were detected for plant vigor in the hybrid and selfed population, respectively. Three QTLs in the hybrid population and one QTL in the selfed population were identified for plant biomass. This study provided new information in understanding the genetic control of biomass components and demonstrated substantial heterotic vigor that could be explored for breeding hybrid cultivars in switchgrass.
Fabrication of methylene blue loaded ovalbumin/polypyrrole nanoparticles for enhanced phototherapy-triggered antitumor immune activation
Authors: Xu Xiao , Mao Huafen , Wu Yunchao , Liu Suwan , Liu Jingjin , Li Qianzhe , Yang Mengyu , Zhu Jinqian , Zou Shengqiang , Du Fengyi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Phototherapy-triggered immunogenic cell death (ICD) hardly elicit robust antitumor immune response partially due to low antigen exposure and inefficient antigen presentation. To address these issues, we developed a novel methylene blue loaded ovalbumin/ polypyrrole nanoparticles (MB@OVA/PPY NPs) via oxidative polymerization and π-π stacking reaction. Results: The as-prepared MB@OVA/PPY NPs with outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency (38%) and photodynamic property could be readily internalized into cytoplasm and accumulated in lysosome and mitochondria. Upon 808 nm and 660 nm laser irradiation, the MB@OVA/PPY NPs not only ablated the tumor cells by inducing local hyperthermia, but also damaged residual tumor cells by generating a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), finally triggered the release of large amount of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Moreover, the MB@OVA/PPY NPs synergized with DAMPs promoted the maturation and improved antigen presentation ability of DCs in virto and vivo. Conclusions: This work demonstrated that the MB@OVA/PPY NPs could be used as effective nanotherapeutic agents for eliminating the solid tumor and triggering powerful antitumor immune response.
Tissue Segmentation from Whole-Slide Images Using Lightweight Neural Networks
Authors: Frank Steven 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
· Purpose: pathology slides of malignancies are segmented using lightweight convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that may be deployed on mobile devices. · Approach: large whole-slide images are preprocessed to make CNN analysis tractable and also to exclude regions unlikely to be diagnostically relevant. In a training phase, labeled whole-slide histopathology images are first downsampled and decomposed into square tiles. Tiles corresponding to diseased regions are analyzed to determine boundary values of a visual criterion, image entropy. A lightweight CNN is then trained to distinguish tiles of diseased and non-diseased tissue, and if more than one disease type is present, to discriminate among these as well. A segmentation is generated by downsampling and tiling a candidate image, and retaining only those tiles with values of the visual criterion falling within the previously established extrema. The sifted tiles, which now exclude much of the non-diseased image content, are efficiently and accurately classified by the trained CNN. Tiles classified as diseased tissue -- or in the case of multiple possible subtypes, as the dominant subtype in the tile set -- are combined, either as a simple union or at a pixel level, to produce a segmentation mask or map. Results and conclusion: this approach was applied successfully to two very different datasets of large whole-slide images, one (PAIP2020) involving multiple subtypes of colorectal cancer and the other (CAMELYON16) single-type breast-cancer metastases. Scored using standard similarity metrics, the segmentations exhibited notably high recall, even when tiles were large relative to tumor features, and outperformed more complex models typifying the state of the art.
Parametric Analysis of Dufour and Soret effects in ionicliquid flow between parallel concentric cylinders
Authors: Ullah Hidayat , Shah Rehan Ali , Khan Muhammad Sohail , Mei Sun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The main objective of the present research paper is to investigate effects of the Dufour and Soret parameteron heat and mass transfer of ionic liquid flow through nano-channel between two parallel concentric cylinders.The physical phenomenon is mathematically converted to a system of non-linear partial differential equationsby employing the basic governing equations, describing ionic liquid flow, momentum, ions concentration distribution, heat and mass transfer. Then the nonlinear PDE’s system is transformed to a system of coupleddifferential equations by utilizing suitable transformations. Solution of the system is carried out by parametriccontinuation method. Results of horizontal and vertical components of velocity of liquid for different physicalparameter are analyzed graphically. Effects of Dufour and Soret numbers on heat and mass transfer are keenlyinvestigated through graphs. In addition, the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are tabulated for numberof values of different physical parameters of interest.
Factors may affect the outcome of acute mesenteric ischemia: A single center study
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Qian , Zhao Hongwei , Ma Tianyi , Li Yuanxin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a rare but lethal disease. Reducing the incidence of intestinal necrosis and complications is a major challenge. This study aimed to investigate the factors that might affect the outcome of AMI.Methods: AMI cases admitted to Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from May 2016 to April 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. All cases were divided into groups according to whether intestinal necrosis and complications occurred successively. The demographics, symptoms, signs, laboratory results, computed tomography angiography (CTA) features, management and outcomes were analyzed.Results: 66 patients were enrolled in this study. 27 patients had superior mesenteric artery embolism (EAMI), 17 patients had superior mesenteric artery thrombosis (TAMI), and 22 patients had superior mesenteric vein thrombosis (VAMI). 32 patients with intestinal necrosis were divided into the intestinal necrosis group and the other 34 patients were divided into the normal group. The ratio of peritonitis, decreased intestinal wall enhancement, intestinal wall thickening, ascites, and complications within 6 months post operation differed significantly in the univariate analysis. White blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), percentage of neutrophils (N%), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and intraoperative blood loss also differed significantly in the univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that peritonitis (OR=14.245, 95% CI=3.192-63.568, P<0.01) and ascites (OR=10.927, 95% CI=2.532-47.147, P<0.01) were independent risk factors associated with intestinal necrosis. 27 patients with complications were divided into the complication group and 41 patients were divided into the normal group. The ratio of intestinal necrosis, duration from onset to diagnosis categories, comorbidities, peritonitis, ascites, and open surgery differed significantly in the univariate analysis. Duration from onset to diagnosis, NLR, cardiac troponin I (CTNI), lactate (LAC), PH, intraoperative blood loss, and hospital stay also differed significantly in the univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that duration from onset to diagnosis categories, especially within 24 hours vs. others (OR=0.053, 95% CI=0.003-0.921, P=0.04), and intestinal necrosis (OR=131.747, 95% CI=8.680-1999.717, P<0.01) were independent risk factors associated with complications.Conclusions: Peritonitis and ascites predict poor outcomes in AMI cases. Early diagnosis could not improve the intestinal necrosis rate but might decrease the ratio of complications for AMI patients.
Removing Soft Contact Lenses 1 day vs. 1 month before Microkeratome Laser In Situ Keratomileusis Procedure: Functional Outcomes And Results
Authors: Khattar Georges , Fadlallah Ali , Haber Charbel , Khanafer Dana 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose To compare the outcomes, safety, efficacy, and predictability of microkeratome laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) 24 hours and one month or more after removing soft contact lenses.Setting: ULTRALASIK Eye Center, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.Methods The patients were divided based on the time of discontinuation of the soft contact lenses before LASIK (Group 1 at 24 hours and Group 2 at one month or longer), and the two groups were well matched. Schirmer's testing, corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected distance visual acuity, manifest refraction spherical equivalent, and infection rate were evaluated preoperatively and at one week, one month, and six months after treatment. Results Group 1 (G1) comprised 1025 eyes, and group 2 (G2) had 1052 eyes. The groups were comparable preoperatively. The overall-mentioned outcomes were comparable between groups with uncorrected distance visual acuity of -0.084+/-0.12 logMAR in G1 and -0.078+/-0.17 logMAR in the G2 at 6 months (P=0.322). Schirmer's testing results were also comparable with no evidence of increased risk of dry eyes or non-inflammatory complications in any of the groups on follow-up visits at 1 week (P=0.421), 1 month (P=0.101), and 6 months (P=0.399) postoperatively. Finally, no infectious complications were recorded in either of the groups.Conclusion With the absence of corneal warpage, no statistical or clinical difference in microkeratome LASIK outcomes and safety was spotted between the groups despite the difference in SCL discontinuation time before the procedure.