bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal allocation of solar photovoltaic distributed generation in electrical distribution networks using Archimedes optimization algorithm
Authors: Janamala Varaprasad , Radha Rani K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes to resolve optimal solar photovoltaic (SPV) system locations and sizes in electrical distribution networks using a novel Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA) inspired by physical principles in order to minimize network dependence and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the greatest extent possible. Loss sensitivity factors are used to predefine the search space for sites, and AOA is used to identify the optimal locations and sizes of SPV systems for reducing grid dependence and GHG emissions from conventional power plants. Experiments with composite agriculture loads on a practical Indian 22-bus agricultural feeder, a 28-bus rural feeder and an IEEE 85-bus feeder demonstrated the critical nature of optimally distributed SPV systems for minimizing grid reliance and reducing GHG emissions from conventional energy sources. Additionally, the voltage profile of the network has been enhanced, resulting in significant reductions in distribution losses. The results of AOA were compared to those of several other nature-inspired heuristic algorithms previously published in the literature, and it was observed that AOA outperformed them in terms of convergence and redundancy when solving complex, non-linear and multivariable optimization problems.
Optimal solar photovoltaic system locations and sizes in electrical distribution networks are derived using a novel Archimedes optimization algorithm in order to minimize network dependence and pollutant emissions to the greatest extent possible.
Biasing the neurocognitive processing of videos with the presence of a real cultural other
Authors: Zhou Siyuan , Xu Xinran , He Xiangyu , Zhou Faxin , Zhai Yu , Chen Jinglu , Long Yuhang , Zheng Lifen , Lu Chunming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the digital age, while short videos present vital events with powerful information, the presence of cultural cues may bias our processing of videos of foreign cultures. However, the underlying neurocognitive processes remain unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that cultural cues might bias video processing by either enhancing cultural perspective-taking or shifting cultural self-schema. To test these hypotheses, we used a novel paradigm in which the cultural cue was a real cultural other (the priming participants) who watched American/Chinese videos together with the primed participants. The results showed that when the cue was present, the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) response to videos with other cultural content was shifted, showing a priming effect. Moreover, the activity pattern in the rTPJ was more congruent with the primed culture than with the original culture, reflecting a neural biasing effect. Finally, intersubject representational similarity analysis indicated that the neural biasing effect in the rTPJ was more closely associated with cultural perspective-taking than with cultural self-schema. In summary, these findings support the perspective-taking hypothesis, suggesting that cultural cues can significantly bias our cultural mindset by altering cultural perspective-taking when we are exposed to culture-relevant naturalistic stimuli.
The MADIT-ICD benefit score helps to select implantable cardioverter-defibrillator candidates in cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Dauw Jeroen , Martens Pieter , Nijst Petra , Meekers Evelyne , Deferm Sébastien , Gruwez Henri , Rivero-Ayerza Maximo , Van Herendael Hugo , Pison Laurent , Nuyens Dieter , Dupont Matthias , Mullens Wilfried 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the MADIT-ICD benefit score can predict who benefits most from the addition of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in real-world patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and to compare this with selection according to a multidisciplinary expert centre approach.

Methods and results
Consecutive HFrEF patients who received a CRT for a guideline indication at a tertiary care hospital (Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium) between October 2008 and September 2016, were retrospectively evaluated. The MADIT-ICD benefit groups (low, intermediate, and high) were compared with the current multidisciplinary expert centre approach. Endpoints were (i) sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) and (ii) non-arrhythmic mortality. Of the 475 included patients, 165 (34.7%) were in the lowest, 220 (46.3%) in the intermediate, and 90 (19.0%) in the highest benefit group. After a median follow-up of 34 months, VT/VF occurred in 3 (1.8%) patients in the lowest, 9 (4.1%) in the intermediate, and 13 (14.4%) in the highest benefit group (P &lt; 0.001). Vice versa, non-arrhythmic death occurred in 32 (19.4%) in the lowest, 32 (14.6%) in the intermediate, and 3 (3.3%) in the highest benefit group (P = 0.002). The predictive power for ICD benefit was comparable between expert multidisciplinary judgement and the MADIT-ICD benefit score: Uno’s C-statistic 0.69 vs. 0.69 (P = 0.936) for VT/VF and 0.62 vs. 0.60 (P = 0.790) for non-arrhythmic mortality.

Conclusion
The MADIT-ICD benefit score can identify who benefits most from CRT-D and is comparable with multidisciplinary judgement in a CRT expert centre.
Diversity and Evolution of Pigment Types in MarineSynechococcusCyanobacteria
Authors: Grébert Théophile , Garczarek Laurence , Daubin Vincent , Humily Florian , Marie Dominique , Ratin Morgane , Devailly Alban , Farrant Gregory K , Mary Isabelle , Mella-Flores Daniella , Tanguy Gwenn , Labadie Karine , Wincker Patrick , Kehoe David M , Partensky Frédéric 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSynechococcus cyanobacteria are ubiquitous and abundant in the marine environment and contribute to an estimated 16% of the ocean net primary productivity. Their light-harvesting complexes, called phycobilisomes (PBS), are composed of a conserved allophycocyanin core, from which radiates six to eight rods with variable phycobiliprotein and chromophore content. This variability allows Synechococcus cells to optimally exploit the wide variety of spectral niches existing in marine ecosystems. Seven distinct pigment types or subtypes have been identified so far in this taxon based on the phycobiliprotein composition and/or the proportion of the different chromophores in PBS rods. Most genes involved in their biosynthesis and regulation are located in a dedicated genomic region called the PBS rod region. Here, we examine the variability of gene content and organization of this genomic region in a large set of sequenced isolates and natural populations of Synechococcus representative of all known pigment types. All regions start with a tRNA-PheGAA and some possess mobile elements for DNA integration and site-specific recombination, suggesting that their genomic variability relies in part on a “tycheposon”-like mechanism. Comparison of the phylogenies obtained for PBS and core genes revealed that the evolutionary history of PBS rod genes differs from the core genome and is characterized by the co-existence of different alleles and frequent allelic exchange. We propose a scenario for the evolution of the different pigment types and highlight the importance of incomplete lineage sorting in maintaining a wide diversity of pigment types in different Synechococcus lineages despite multiple speciation events.
The Servant Problem and the Colour Line: Race, Class, and Domestic Labour in the Transvaal Colony, 1902–1914
Authors: Silber Maia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
After the Second South African War, the Transvaal Colony subsidized the migration of British domestic workers. Sought for their perceived capacity to ‘Anglicize’ the colony as potential wives for settlers and for their cheap labor, migrant women were both protected and disciplined by the state and employers. But by positioning themselves against the Black domestic workers with whom they worked, white women in the colony resolved the contradictions of their race, class, and gender status in their own favour. They helped harden the racial boundaries of service not only within the Transvaal but in the English-speaking world more broadly.
The real role of AI in patent law debates
Authors: Duque Lizarralde Marta , Contreras Héctor Axel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to automate intellectual tasks through systematization, which renders it one of today’s most important technologies. Nevertheless, the capabilities of AI have been frequently overestimated. In the field of intellectual property, for instance, it has been debated how to protect ‘AI-generated inventions’, even though AI cannot invent without human intervention. In the meanwhile, other discussions which have a more direct impact on markets have been set aside. We take a look at two of those discussions in the patent field: (i) how AI can be used as a tool to help patent offices and applicants in evaluating the patentability of their inventions by analysing massive amounts of documents in a shorter timeframe and (ii) the employment of AI to perform essentiality checks, ie, to identify patents that are essential to a standard.
Infiltration of hidden antimicrobial resistance among healthy people in a Japanese community
Authors: Fukuda Akira , Nakamura Hiromi , Umeda Kaoru , Yamamoto Kaori , Hirai Yuji , Usui Masaru , Ogasawara Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Under non-antimicrobial selective pressure, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria do not easily become dominant in the microbiota. Furthermore, their low levels prevent detection by isolation, resulting in an underestimation of the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.

Objectives
We evaluated the infiltration of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and their related β-lactamase genes among healthy people in non-clinical settings.

Methods
Cephalosporin- and fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli and bla genes were quantified in 217 faecal samples from healthy people in non-clinical settings in Japan. E. coli colonies grown on deoxycholate hydrogen sulphide-lactose (DHL) agar, with and without antimicrobials (cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin), were quantified, and E. coli isolates were analysed for their susceptibility to antimicrobials and the presence of bla genes. DNA extracted from faecal samples was used to quantify bla genes using quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Results
The isolation rates of cefotaxime- and ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli were 6.9% and 12.4%, respectively, using agars without antimicrobials, and 12.0% and 24.4%, respectively, using agars with antimicrobials. For samples from which cefotaxime- and ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli were isolated only using agars with antimicrobials, the ratios of cfu on DHL agars with and without antimicrobials were below −2 log. E. coli harbouring bla genes were isolated from 35.0% of the faecal samples using agars, and bla genes were detected in 65.0% of faecal DNA samples using qPCR.

Conclusions
Among people carrying cefotaxime- and ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli in non-clinical settings, cefotaxime- and ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli were not dominant in half of the subjects. These individuals may play a role as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
143 The Effects of Vaccination Strategies on Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Antibody Titers and Body Weight Performance in Pre- and Post-weaned Beef Calves
Authors: Robe Jeff , Beck Paul A , Adams Jordan , Lalman David , Biggs Rosslyn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Oklahoma Quality Beef Network utilizes three health protocols for producer choice based on vaccine timing and viral components. The study objective was to examine the effects of vaccine type and timing on animal performance, and immune response pre-and post-weaning. A total of 151 Angus, Angus x Hereford, or Angus x Charolais calves were randomly assigned to one of three health protocols stratified by breed of sire, sex, and date of birth. Vaccination treatments were 1) KV/MLV – multivalent inactivated BRD vaccine (KV) administered on d 0 and revaccination with a pentavalent modified-live virus on d 125; 2) MLV/MLV – pentavalent modified-live virus on d 0 and d 125; or 3) WEAN – pentavalent modified-live virus on d 125 and 139. Virus-specific antibody (Ab) titer data was determined using serum-neutralization from serum collected at six time points. Antibody titers, BW, and ADG variables were evaluated following vaccination. Results indicated there was no treatment effect on BW. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVD) also displayed significance for treatment x date interaction. The MLV/MLV provided greatest response from d 0 (branding) to d 125 (weaning) than the other two treatments. There was no difference between the KV/MLV group and the WEAN group from d 0 to d 125. By d 167 the KV/MLV group had a greater immune response than the MLV/MLV and WEAN groups. The MLV/MLV provided the greatest protection from branding to weaning. Providing a KV at branding had minimal effect on BVD titers but responded well to MLV vaccine at weaning by d 167. The WEAN group generated the least number of titers overall. Further investigation is needed to determine the long-term protection of vaccination strategies.
23 Performance of Pregnant Beef Heifers During Spring Rotational Grazing of Novel Endophyte Tall Fescue Following Complete Renovation
Authors: Talbott Charlotte L , Harmon Deidre D , Poore Matt H , Young Carolyn , Franzluebbers Alan J , Griffith Emily H , Bustabad Reagan , Newsome Madeline 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze animal performance following renovation of toxic-infected tall fescue (TF) to novel endophyte tall fescue (NE) in order to increase producer adoption of NE. In 2018, three renovation strategies were implemented in a randomized complete block design. Strategies included: 1) control (C), 2) renovation to NE after one season of a single-specie cover crop (1-SM), 3) renovation to NE after three seasons of a single-specie cover crop (3-SM), and 4) renovation to NE after three seasons of a multi-specie cover crop (3-CM). Forty-eight pregnant (30-90-d) Angus heifers (initial BW 383 kg ± 32) were randomly assigned to rotationally graze spring growth for 56-d, two years after NE establishment. Pre- and post-grazing forage mass was measured every 7-d. Animal measurements were collected every 14-d. Data were analyzed using procGLIMMIX of SASv9.4. Average daily gain was greatest (P &lt; 0.0001) for cattle grazing 3-CM (0.74 kg/d), 1-SM (0.72 kg/d), and 3-SM (0.62 kg/d) and least for C (0.33 kg/d). Pre-grazing forage biomass was greatest (P = 0.0157) in 3-CM (3261 kg/ha) and lowest in C (2523 kg/ha), with 3-SM (2813 kg/ha) and 1-SM (2779 kg/ha) being intermediate. Post-grazing forage biomass was greatest (P = 0.0063) in 3-CM (1982 kg/ha), C (1916 kg/ha), 1-SM (1900 kg/ha), but lower in 3-SM (1592 kg/ha). Prior to grazing, body condition score (BCS) was higher (P = 0.0029) for animals grazing C (5.48), but change in BCS of animals within treatments was not different (P = 0.798). Hair shedding scores (HS) were not different on d-0, with all treatments near 5. However, HS were highest (P &lt; 0.0001) in C (4.75), and lowest in 1-SM (1.75), 3-SM (2), and 3-CM (2) after 56-d. Data suggest animal performance for NE was improved compared to TF during spring grazing in years following renovation.
20 Forage Production and Nutritive Quality of Dual-purpose Wheat Managed Under Three Different Grazing Frequencies in the Southeastern United States
Authors: West Micayla H , Mullenix M Kim , Rabinowitz Adam N , Smith W Brandon , Carrell Russell C , Dillard Leanne L 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Grazing of dual-purpose wheat is an established management system in the Great Plains regions of the United States. Varietal and climatic differences between regions has limited use of dual-purpose systems in the Southeast. The objective of this study was to evaluate four wheat varieties, [feed wheat (mixed variety, Feed), seed wheat (‘GA Gore’) and two forage varieties, ‘AGS 2024’ (AGS) and ‘Pioneer 26R41’ (Pioneer)], under three grazing treatments [no-grazing (NG), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF)]. The experiment was a randomized complete block design (n = 4) using mob-grazing. Forage samples were taken using three 0.1m2-quadrats before (Pre) and after (Post) each grazing event. Crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were determined on all Pre samples. Wheat grain yield was determined at the end of the season. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (SAS Inst., Cary, NC), a &lt; 0.05. Pre-grazed, AGS seasonal forage production was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than all other varieties (1,517 kg/ha vs 1,031 kg/ha, respectively). Post-grazing biomass from AGS and Pioneer was greater than GA Gore (817 vs 512 kg DM/ha, respectively; P = 0.04). Pre-grazing, Feed, GA Gore and Pioneer had greater (P &lt; 0.01) CP than AGS (31.6 vs. 30.1%, respectively). The concentration of NDF was greatest for AGS (39.1%) compared with all other varieties (34.9%, P &lt; 0.01). Grazing frequency did not affect CP (P = 0.67). The NG plots had greater NDF and ADF than LF and HF (37.5 vs. 35.2% and 19.8 vs. 18.6%, respectively; P &lt; 0.01). Pioneer had the greatest grain yield but was not different from AGS (57.6 and 52.4 kg/ha, respectively; P = 0.41). Management of wheat as a dual-purpose crop is feasible in the Southeast. More information is needed to determine the economic impact of this management practice.
34 Extended Effects of Sequential Weaning and Backgrounding Management in Beef Calves
Authors: Justice Maggie M , Mullenix M Kim , Tigue Alex A , Carrell Russell C , West Micayla H , Rodning Soren P , Chamorro Manuel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Alternate weaning methods and backgrounding periods are strategies to reduce calf morbidity and mortality at feedlot arrival. The objective of this study was to assess the collective effects of weaning and post-weaning management practices on potential carryover effects on calf health and performance through the backgrounding phase. A total of 216 steer calves (average BW, 298 kg) from three Auburn University research farms were randomly assigned to one of three different weaning method groups: Fenceline weaning, nose-flap weaning, or abrupt weaning. Calves were weighed on d 0 and d 14 post weaning, and then began a 60-d preconditioning period. Calves were randomized according to previous weaning management, farm of origin, and body weight to one of three nutritional management strategies in a 3 ×3 factorial design: cool-season baleage (oats, ryegrass and crimson clover) and 1% BW dried distillers grains (DDGS), bermudagrass hay and 1% BW DDGS, or grazing mixed warm-season annuals and 1% BW DDGS. Calf body weights were collected on d 0, d 30 and d 60 of the backgrounding phase. Weights did not differ during the weaning phase but calves in the fenceline group had the greatest average daily gain (1.13 kg/d; P &lt; 0.0001) during this phase. There was a weaning × backgrounding treatment interaction (P = 0.0097) for average daily gain during the first 30 d of the backgrounding phase. Calves that were fenceline weaned and on the cool season baleage diet had the highest average gain at 1.02 kg/d, whereas abruptly weaned calves on the grazing diet only gained 0.29 kg/d in the first 30 d. Steers on the cool season baleage diet had the greatest total gain (P &lt; 0.0001) at 45.8 kg over the course of the 60-d period. These results indicate that backgrounding diet, coupled with weaning management strategies, may influence calf performance during the transition period for calves into the post-weaning phase.
49 Impact of Hydrocolloids and Poultry Co-product Combinations on Fresh Pet Food Shelf Life
Authors: Wagoner Madison , Presume Marc R , Chilenje Moses E , Abascal-Ponciano Gerardo , Sandoval Jorge L , Smith Hunter R , Reyes Tristan , Wilborn Barney , Dunavant Justin , Mason Robert P , Altom Eric K , Starkey Charles , Sawyer Jason T 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The development and availability of meat-based food and treats for pets in the retail space continues to increase at a rapid pace. The current study focused on the evaluation of sodium alginate and encapsulated calcium lactate (ALGIN) inclusion within a fresh pet food formulation and subsequent influence on shelf-life characteristics. Poultry co-products are often undervalued throughout the meat industry due to their poor quality and low customer acceptance. However, it is plausible that these co-products could be a potential key component in adding value to the pet food industry. In addition, the use of ALGIN within a ground chicken co-product formulation may create a pet food worth generating a greater retail value for the manufacturer. Fresh chicken frames (CF) and boneless-skinless wooden breast (WB) were purchased from a commercial poultry processing facility and ground. Ground CF and WB (COMB) were allocated randomly to one of ten treatment combinations with either 0.5 or 1.0% added ALGIN. Ground treatments were portioned into 454 g bricks, placed into a form and fill vacuum package, sealed and displayed in a reach-in refrigerated cases for 21 days. Packages of fresh pet food were evaluated for surface color, lipid oxidation, water activity, and pH on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 of the simulated display. Instrumental surface color was lighter, less red, and more yellow (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing percentages of CF regardless of ALGIN inclusion. Whereas pH was greater (P &lt; 0.05) and lipid oxidation were lower (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing percentage of WB. Water activity increased (P &lt; 0.05) when WB and ALGIN inclusion increased. These results suggest that the impact of ALGIN in a poultry co-product pet food formulation are minimal. However, the inclusion percentage of CF or WB could have a greater impact on shelf-life characteristics of fresh pet food.