bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trapeziometacarpal External Fixation under Local Anesthesia for the Treatment of Comminuted Intra-Articular Thumb Metacarpal Fractures: Evaluation of Clinical Results and Long-Term Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Chalidis Byron E. , Kitridis Dimitrios , Gigis Ioannis , Givissis Panagiotis K. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background A variety of internal and external fixation techniques have been described for the treatment of Rolando fractures, but the optimal fixation method has not been clearly defined.
Purpose The aim of the study was to describe the results and the long-term functional outcome of the application, under local anesthesia, of an external fixation system for the treatment of Rolando fractures.
Patients and Methods In total, 22 consecutive patients (16 men) underwent surgical treatment for Rolando fractures by using two pairs of pins external fixator. All procedures were performed under local anesthesia (Xylocaine 2%) and an image intensifier. Patients were evaluated at regular intervals postoperatively and contacted by phone for long-term follow-up. Functional outcome was assessed using the validated Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick DASH) tool.
Results The mean age was 39.8 ± 14.2 years. The mean time from injury to surgery was 4.1 ± 2 days. The mean operative time was 16.3 ± 2.6 minutes. All fractures were healed and no loss of fracture reduction was observed postoperatively. One patient developed wound erythema at the proximal pins, without requiring early removal of the implant, and another one experienced temporary numbness at the distribution of the superficial radial nerve. In total, 20 out of the 22 patients who were available for long-term follow-up did not report any complaints and could perform the daily activities without restriction. The average follow-up was 6.5 ± 1.2 years, and the mean Quick DASH score was 1.8 ± 3.
Conclusion The two pairs of pins external fixator is a valuable option for the treatment of Rolando fractures and can be easily, quickly, and effectively applied under local anesthesia.
Avaliação funcional do ombro após osteossíntese da fratura da tuberosidade maior: Há influência da luxação glenoumeral?
Authors: Mouraria Guilherme Grisi , Cunha Renato Mason Rodrigues da , Coelho Sérgio de Paula , Brigatto Rafael Mulati , Cruz Márcio Alves , Etchebehere Maurício 
Published: June 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar os resultados funcional e radiográfico pós-operatórios do ombro, em pacientes submetidos a sutura transóssea de fratura da tuberosidade maior (FTM) por acesso anterolateral, e a influência da luxação glenoumeral nesses resultados.
Métodos Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo e avaliação funcional (pela escala de Constant-Murley). Calculou-se a distância entre a tuberosidade maior e a superfície articular do úmero proximal (por meio de radiografia em incidência anteroposterior verdadeira) após a consolidação. Usou-se o teste Exato de Fisher para as variáveis independentes categóricas, e os testes tde Student ou de Mann-Whitney para as não categóricas.
Resultados Ao todo, 26 pacientes preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A associação de luxação glenoumeral com FTM foi observada em 38% da amostra. A média da pontuação na escala de Constant-Murley foi de 82,5 ± 8,02. A presença de luxação associada não alterou o resultado funcional. A distância média da consolidação da tuberosidade maior do úmero em relação à superfície articular da cabeça umeral foi de 9 ± 4,3 mm abaixo da linha articular da cabeça umeral. Pacientes com luxação associada evoluíram com redução menor, mas isso não influenciou na pontuação na escala de Constant-Murley.
Conclusão As FTMs submetidas ao tratamento cirúrgico com sutura transóssea evoluíram com bom resultado funcional. A presença de luxação dificultou a redução anatômica da tuberosidade maior. Entretanto, isso não influenciou na pontuação na escala de Constant-Murley.
Empowered and embedded: ethics and agile processes
Authors: Zuber Niina , Gogoll Jan , Kacianka Severin , Pretschner Alexander , Nida-Rümelin Julian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article focuses on the structural aspects of the development of ethical software, and argues that ethical considerations need to be embedded into the (agile) software development process. In fact, it is claimed that agile processes of software development lend themselves specifically well for this endeavor. First, it is contended that ethical evaluations need to go beyond the use of software products and include an evaluation of the software itself. This implies that software engineers influence peoples’ lives through the features of their designed products. Embedded values should thus also be approached by software engineers themselves. Therefore, the emphasis is put on the possibility to implement ethical deliberations in already existing and well-established agile software development processes. The proposed approach relies on software engineers making their own judgments throughout the entire development process to ensure that technical features and ethical evaluation can be addressed adequately to transport and foster desirable values and norms. It is argued that agile software development processes may help the implementation of ethical deliberation for five reasons: (1) agile methods are widely spread, (2) their emphasis on flat hierarchies promotes independent thinking and autonomy, (3) their reliance on existing team structures serve as an incubator for deliberation, (4) agile development enhances object-focused techno-ethical realism, and, finally, (5) agile structures provide a salient endpoint to deliberation.
A decade-long longitudinal survey shows that the Supreme Court is now much more conservative than the public
Authors: Jessee Stephen , Malhotra Neil , Sen Maya 
Published: June 2022

SignificanceLeveraging three unique surveys collected over a decade that ask members of the public about the policy issues before the US Supreme Court, we show how the court stands relative to the public. As we demonstrate, the court has, since 2020, become much more conservative than the public and is now more similar to Republicans in its ideological position on key issues. We also find that members of the public update their beliefs about the court’s ideology when its composition and rulings change. Even so, many members of the public currently underestimate the court’s conservative leaning, which in turn makes them less likely to support making changes to the institution than they would otherwise.
Hemodynamic changes in prefrontal cortex following dynamic balance test in sporting and non-sporting population
Authors: Sathe Abhinav , Shenoy Shweta , Khandekar Sathe Prachi 
Published: June 2022

Purpose
Balance is crucial for an individual's capacity to maintain an upright position during both static and dynamic conditions. Balance control is a complex sensory-motor action based on automated and spinal reflexes, under the influence of several distinct and separate supraspinal centres in the brainstem, cerebellum, and cortex. However, cortical neural activation during the functioning of sensory feedback mechanisms involved in the dynamic balance of the sporting group (SG) and non-sporting group (NSG) of young adults is yet to be evaluated. Thus, we evaluated hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) following a dynamic balance task in SG and NSG of young adults.

Materials and methods
The dynamic balance of 48 participants was evaluated using the wobble board of the Kinematics Measurement System. Hemodynamic changes were recorded using Functional Near Infra-red Spectroscopy System during the dynamic balance task.

Results
SG performed significantly better (p < .05) on the dynamic balance, as compared to the NSG. PFC hemodynamics was significantly different (p < .05) in SG and NSG.

Conclusion
We conclude that superior balance scores in SG compared to NSG are associated with different areas of activation of PFC during dynamic balance tasks.
MnO2–NiO–MWCNTs nanocomposite as a catalyst for methanol and ethanol electrooxidation
Authors: Shojaeifar Mohsen , Askari Mohammad Bagher , Hashemi Seyed Rouhollah Samareh , Di Bartolomeo Antonio 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The potential of metal oxide-based nanocatalysts and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for the methanol and ethanol electrooxidation process is studied in the attempt of introducing cheap and stable nanocatalysts for use in the alcohol oxidation process. In this regard MnO2–NiO (MN), and MnO2–NiO–MWCNT (MNM) are synthesized and characterized in terms of structure and morphology. The electrocatalytic activity of these materials is evaluated by electrochemical tests. MNM show 90% cyclic stability after 1000 consecutive cycles in methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and 86% in ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) and maximum current densities of 262 and 148 μA cm−2 in methanol and ethanol electrooxidation, in optimal scan rate respectively. Also, the onset potential of MNM is lower than MN, indicating superior kinetics and facile oxidation of methanol due to the synergistic effect of adding MWCNTs to the structure of MN nanocatalyst. From these results, MNM can be an attractive and inexpensive option for use in MOR and EOR process for application in alcohol fuel cells.
Intermediate valence state in YbB4 revealed by resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy
Authors: Frontini Felix , Lebert Blair W , Cho K K , Song M S , Cho B K , Pollock Christopher J , Kim Young-June 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We report the temperature dependence of the Yb valence in the geometrically frustrated compound

Y
b
B

4

from 12 to 300 K using resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy at the Yb

L

α
1

transition. We find that the Yb valence, v, is hybridized between the v = 2 and v = 3 valence states, increasing from

v
=
2.61
±
0.01

at 12 K to

v
=
2.67
±
0.01

at 300 K, confirming that

Y
b
B

4

is a Kondo system in the intermediate valence regime. This result indicates that the Kondo interaction in

Y
b
B

4

is substantial, and is likely to be the reason why

Y
b
B

4

does not order magnetically at low temperature, rather than this being an effect of geometric frustration. Furthermore, the zero-point valence of the system is extracted from our data and compared with other Kondo lattice systems. The zero-point valence seems to be weakly dependent on the Kondo temperature scale, but not on the valence change temperature scale T

v
.
A simulation of gas pipeline leakage monitoring based on distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Fu Shichong , Zhang Dan , Peng Yang , Shi Bin , Yedili Nuerlan , Ma Zhuo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A simulation test on gas pipeline leakage by using distributed acoustic sensing technology was designed. An optical sensing cable with a spiral structure was adopted to improve the sensitivity of leakage monitoring. The method of pipeline leakage signal identification and location based on fast Fourier transform is proposed. By analyzing the vibration of the optical fiber in the time and frequency domains, the leakage signal can be accurately monitored. According to the variation in the spectral average amplitude of each sensing channel, the leakage point can be located, and the positioning equation is given. The size of the leakage hole and the direction of leakage on the spectral characteristics of the leakage signal are discussed. The average absolute amplitude in the time domain and spectral average amplitude in the frequency domain of the leakage signal decrease with the size of the leakage hole. As the angle between the leakage direction and the direction from the pipeline to the optical sensing cable increases, the spectral average amplitude of the leakage signal gradually decreases. The effect of the distance from the leakage hole on the leakage signal is discussed. The average absolute amplitude of the leakage signal decreases with the relative distance between the leakage hole and the optical sensing cable.
Quasi-aligned Cu2S/Cu(OH)2 nanorod arrays anchored on Cu foam as self-supported electrode for non-enzymatic glucose detection
Authors: Liao Yanxin , Du Qian , Sun Shupei , Shi Nianfeng , Yin Guangfu , Huang Zhongbing , Liao Xiaoming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Self-supported Cu2S/Cu(OH)2 composite nanorods for highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensing were in situ grown on Cu foam by simple hydrothermal treatment of aligned Cu(OH)2 nanorods. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the as-fabricated Cu2S/Cu(OH)2 composite nanorods were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscope, x-ray photoelectron spectroscope, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, amperometric i–t measurements. The mechanism of the composite nanorods produced on conductive substrates was also explored. The electrode exhibits a sensitivity of 9626.88 μA mM−1 cm−2 towards glucose with good anti-interference ability, indicating it a promising electrode material for the enhanced non-enzymatic glucose detection.
Real-time MRI motion estimation through an unsupervised k-space-driven deformable registration network (KS-RegNet)
Authors: Shao Hua-Chieh , Li Tian , Dohopolski Michael J , Wang Jing , Cai Jing , Tan Jun , Wang Kai , Zhang You 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Purpose. Real-time three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is challenging because of slow MR signal acquisition, leading to highly under-sampled k-space data. Here, we proposed a deep learning-based, k-space-driven deformable registration network (KS-RegNet) for real-time 3D MR imaging. By incorporating prior information, KS-RegNet performs a deformable image registration between a fully-sampled prior image and on-board images acquired from highly-under-sampled k-space data, to generate high-quality on-board images for real-time motion tracking. Methods. KS-RegNet is an end-to-end, unsupervised network consisting of an input data generation block, a subsequent U-Net core block, and following operations to compute data fidelity and regularization losses. The input data involved a fully-sampled, complex-valued prior image, and the k-space data of an on-board, real-time MR image (MRI). From the k-space data, under-sampled real-time MRI was reconstructed by the data generation block to input into the U-Net core. In addition, to train the U-Net core to learn the under-sampling artifacts, the k-space data of the prior image was intentionally under-sampled using the same readout trajectory as the real-time MRI, and reconstructed to serve an additional input. The U-Net core predicted a deformation vector field that deforms the prior MRI to on-board real-time MRI. To avoid adverse effects of quantifying image similarity on the artifacts-ridden images, the data fidelity loss of deformation was evaluated directly in k-space. Results. Compared with Elastix and other deep learning network architectures, KS-RegNet demonstrated better and more stable performance. The average (±s.d.) DICE coefficients of KS-RegNet on a cardiac dataset for the 5- , 9- , and 13-spoke k-space acquisitions were 0.884 ± 0.025, 0.889 ± 0.024, and 0.894 ± 0.022, respectively; and the corresponding average (±s.d.) center-of-mass errors (COMEs) were 1.21 ± 1.09, 1.29 ± 1.22, and 1.01 ± 0.86 mm, respectively. KS-RegNet also provided the best performance on an abdominal dataset. Conclusion. KS-RegNet allows real-time MRI generation with sub-second latency. It enables potential real-time MR-guided soft tissue tracking, tumor localization, and radiotherapy plan adaptation.
Emergence of Sinai physics in the stochastic motion of passive and active particles
Authors: Shapira Dekel , Cohen Doron 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
A particle that is immersed in a uniform temperature bath performs Brownian diffusion, as discussed by Einstein. But Sinai has realized that in a ‘random environment’ the diffusion is suppressed. Follow-up works have pointed out that in the presence of bias f there are delocalization and sliding transitions, with threshold value f
c that depends on the disorder strength. We discuss in a critical way the emergence of Sinai physics for both passive and active Brownian particles. Tight-binding and Fokker–Planck versions of the model are addressed on equal footing. We assume that the transition rates between sites are enhanced either due to a driving mechanism or due to self-propulsion mechanism that are induced by an irradiation source. Consequently, counter intuitively, the dynamics becomes sub-diffusive and the relaxation modes become over-damped. For a finite system, spontaneous delocalization may arise, due to residual bias that is induced by the irradiation.
Reduced nonlocal integrable mKdV equations of type (−λ, λ) and their exact soliton solutions
Authors: Ma Wen-Xiu 
Published: June 2022

Abstarct
We conduct two group reductions of the Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur matrix spectral problems to present a class of novel reduced nonlocal reverse-spacetime integrable modified Korteweg–de Vries equations. One reduction is local, replacing the spectral parameter with its negative and the other is nonlocal, replacing the spectral parameter with itself. Then by taking advantage of distribution of eigenvalues, we generate soliton solutions from the reflectionless Riemann–Hilbert problems, where eigenvalues could equal adjoint eigenvalues.
SOLPS-ITER modeling of CFETR advanced divertor with Ar and Ne seeding
Authors: Senichenkov I.Yu. , Ding R. , Molchanov P.A. , Kaveeva E.G. , Rozhansky V.A. , Voskoboynikov S.P. , Shtyrkhunov N.V. , Makarov S.O. , Si H. , Liu X. , Sang C. , Mao S. , Team CFETR 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR) is a project proposed by the Chinese fusion community to bridge the gap between ITER and a commercial fusion power plant with fusion power up to 1 GW. The mitigation of divertor target heat fluxes for such a powerful machine is a challenging problem, which might appear to be more severe than in ITER. In the present paper, the results of the CFETR advanced divertor optimization by SOLPS-ITER modeling with full drifts and currents activated are presented. Three divertor geometries, which differ by the distance from the X-point to the strike point on the outer target, are considered. Argon (Ar) and neon (Ne) are compared as seeded impurities. It is demonstrated that for all three geometries and for both radiators it is possible to achieve acceptable divertor heat loads (below 5 MW m−2) without notable fuel dilution (Z
eff < 2.5). Impurity compression in divertors and pedestal radiation are compared for two gases. Similar core plasma and divertor conditions, as well as radiated power fraction, may be achieved with 2–3 times less Ar seeding rate than the Ne one. Estimated radiation from the confined region appears to be small compared to the exhaust power. However, in all modeling cases the T
e at the far scrape-off layer part of both targets remains significantly above 5 eV, which might cause tungsten (W) sputtering. Further optimization of target shape will be performed to reduce the electron and ion temperature.
Improvements of the on-the-fly MC variance reduction technique with dynamic WW upper bounds
Authors: Zheng Yu , Qiu Yuefeng , Lu Peng , Chen Yixue , Fischer Ulrich , Liu Songlin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper presents the recent progress in the development of the on-the-fly global variance reduction (OTF-GVR) method for Monte Carlo (MC) shielding calculations. OTF-GVR method provides on-the-fly weight window mesh (WWM) generation along with the particle transport simulation. In the previous study, the solution for the so-called ‘long-history’ problem, in which particles are unnecessarily over-split, is empirical and not fully effective. In this work, an innovative method using dynamic WWM upper bounds was proposed, which diminishes the over-splitting particles by relaxing the weight-windows upper bounds. This method has been proven effective through applications for several fusion reactors and neutron source facilities, with excellent performances over analogue simulations and variance reduction runs using common GVR methods.
Comparative Analysis and Development of Voice-based Chatbot System for Differently-abled
Authors: Jain Anjali , Bhati Pooja 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
One technology that improved humans’ lifestyle is a Chatbot System, an AI-based system that conducts people’s conversations. Chatbots are used in a wide range of applications-assistive technologies, customer service, home automation, education, medical bots, entertainment, etc. Such technology could be beneficial to differently-abled for teaching, assistance, etc. But when it comes to people with a slight speech disorder or autism, available chatbot systems aren’t very effective. This paper investigates the existing speech recognition APIs based on WER and CER and tries to improve results by adding a personalized layer for the user. This chatbot system can be embedded with existing technologies-domestic robots, smart mirrors, home automation, medical applications, etc. It will open these technologies to a wide range of audiences. The proposed Chatbot will use the existing speech recognition API and improve the results based on the above performance measures.
Survey: Tensorflow in Machine Learning
Authors: Ramchandani Monica , Khandare Hrishikesh , Singh Priyanshi , Rajak Prince , Suryawanshi Nidhi , Jangde Anjali Sagar , Arya Laxmi , Kumar Prithviraj , Sahu Mridu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
TensorFlow(TF) is a large-scale ML system that can be used in many different situations. Data-flow graphs are used by TF to define operations, shared state, and computations that change that state. It distributes the nodes of a Data-flow graph across multiple machines in a cluster, as well as diverse processing units within a single system, such as multicore CPUs, general-purpose GPUs and Tensor Processing Units, which are custom-designed ASICs (TPUs). Developers may use TF to try out new training techniques and optimizations. It covers a broad applications range, which focus on inference and DNN training. It is utilised in production by several Google services, and it has since been released as an open-source project and is broadly used in ML research. We review TensorFlow and place it in the context of modern deep learning techniques and technologies in this paper. We go over the fundamental computational concepts and how they work. The distributed execution concept, as well as its programming interface as accompanying visualisation toolkit. The remainder of this paper will provide a comprehensive overview of TensorFlow and place it in the context of machine learning today