bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and associated factors of self‐reported halitosis among institutionalized adolescents: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Muniz Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes , Moreno Laura Barreto , da Silviera Taciane Menezes , Rösing Cassiano Kuchenbecker , Colussi Paulo Roberto Grafitti 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and associated factors of self‐reported halitosis in institutionalized adolescents in a city in southern Brazil.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved male institutionalized adolescents, aged 15–19 years old, at the Socio‐Educational Assistance Center in the city of Passo Fundo, Brazil. Data collection was performed by a research team composed of two interviewers, two clinical examiners of oral health and two examiners of salivary flow. A structured questionnaire was applied, which included demographical, socioeconomical, general health behaviour, presence of health problems and oral health self‐perception variables. Decayed, Missing, Filled Index was used for the clinical examination. The salivary flow collection was performed using the mechanically stimulated total saliva method, in which only the liquid component was measured.ResultsThe prevalence of self‐reported halitosis in this sample was 51.5% (n = 35). In the final multivariate analysis, halitosis was significantly associated with the non‐white racial group (prevalence ratio [RP]:1.703; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]:1.101–2.634), use of crack (RP:1.857; 95%CI:1.270–2.714) and number of decayed teeth (PR: 1.123; 95%CI:1.008–1.252). The use of alcohol and access to dental care in the last 12 months were not significantly associated with self‐reported halitosis.ConclusionIt was concluded that non‐white and crack‐user youngsters had a high occurrence of self‐reported halitosis. Higher rates of dental caries are also associated with halitosis.
Changes of pattern of myofibrils and collagen of smooth muscle from large intestine of porcine using alkali tenderisation process combined with enzymes
Authors: Cheng Chengpeng , He Zhifei , Su Chang , Wu Han , Li Hongjun 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the changes in myofibrillar and collagen patterns of Porcine large intestine smooth muscle (PSM) and their effect on smooth muscle tenderness using an alkali tenderisation process combined with enzymes. The shear force of the PSM in the enzyme‐alkali combined treatment group decreased (P < 0.05) from 22.72 N to 4.21 N. The combined treatment of papain and alkali caused the increased (P < 0.05) in MFI value and collagen solubility and the decreased (P < 0.05) in collagen content. The stained sections and scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that the enzyme‐alkali combined treatment group had a greater effect on PSM than papain and alkali treatment alone, with a greater degree of damage to the internal structural integrity of myogenic fibres. The results reveal that regulated the collagen and myofibril structure could change the tenderness of PSM.
Outcomes of artificial urinary sphincter implantation in patients with diabetes mellitus: A subgroup analysis
Authors: Kaiho Yasuhiro , Masuda Hitoshi , Takei Mineo , Hirayama Takahiro , Kitta Takeya , Yokoyama Minato , Kawamorita Naoki , Mitsui Takahiko , Nakagawa Haruo , Iwamura Masatsugu , Arai Yoichi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the surgical and quality‐of‐life outcomes of artificial urinary sphincter implantation in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Subanalyses were performed using the same population as that in our previous multicenter, prospective, observational study.MethodsA total of 135 male patients who underwent primary artificial urinary sphincter implantation were divided into two groups: those with and without DM. The revision‐free rates, that is, the percentage of patients who did not require revision surgery, were compared between patients with and without DM. The number of urinary pads required per day, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short Form, and King's Health Questionnaire were used to compare the continence status and quality of life (QOL) between the two groups preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery.ResultsRevision‐free rates were significantly lower in the DM group (83.9%, 77.4%, and 67.8% at 1, 2, and 3 years after implantation, respectively) than in the non‐DM group (95.5%, 92.5%, and 85.5% at 1, 2, and 3 years after implantation, respectively). Both continence status and QOL, assessed by questionnaires, markedly improved after surgery in patients with and without DM.ConclusionsDespite differences in the durability of the artificial urinary sphincters, patients with DM can obtain as much benefit from artificial urinary sphincter implantation regarding continence and quality‐of‐life improvement as patients without DM. Therefore, DM was not considered a comorbidity that contraindicated artificial urinary sphincter implantation. Additional large‐scale studies are required to verify our findings.
Analysis of the factors and moderating role of self‐care ability among patients with breast cancer‐related lymphedema
Authors: Jiang Wenting , Chen Lijun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo analyse the status quo and influencing factors of self‐care ability in breast cancer‐related lymphedema (BCRL) patients and explore the moderating role of social support between self‐efficacy and self‐care ability, to provide references for clinical intervention.BackgroundThe ‘gold standard’ for the treatment of lymphedema is two‐stage Complete Decongestion Therapy (CDT). Due to the high frequency of patients seeking treatment and CDT is not covered by medical insurance, resulting the medical cost is high, and a set integrated course of edema treatment cannot be completed. Nevertheless, with sufficient self‐care ability, patients can reduce the frequency of outpatient and inpatient treatments, and initiate detumescence procedures with affordable home care. Accordingly, it is necessary to pay attention to the self‐care ability of BCRL patients.DesignA descriptive and cross‐sectional study following the STROBE guideline checklist.MethodsFrom June 2021 to January 2022, 156 BCRL patients were selected as convenience samples. Questionnaires were administered to the patients using the sociodemographic information questionnaire, the exercise of self‐care agency scale, Chinese version of strategies used by people to promote health, and social support rating scale. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyse the relationship among the three, and univariate and multiple linear regression were used for factor analysis and process to explore the moderating role of social support.ResultsThe total score of self‐care ability of BCRL patients was 41.00 (32.50, 51.00). The self‐efficacy and social support of BCRL patients were positively correlated with the total score and its dimensions of self‐care ability. Disease duration, severity and difficulty raising limbs were negative correlation factors influencing the self‐care ability of BCRL patients, and self‐efficacy and social support were positive correlation factors, which could explain 77.8% of the total variation. The moderating role of social support between self‐efficacy and self‐care ability was significant, and its moderating role boundary value was 15.70.ConclusionsThe self‐care ability of BCRL patients is at a low level. The longer duration of lymphedema, the more serious degree of edema, the more difficulty raising limbs, the lower self‐efficacy and the less social support, the poorer self‐care ability of BCRL patients. Self‐efficacy has a greater impact on the self‐care ability of patients with high levels of social support.Relevance to clinical practiceFactors and moderator‐based models are the first to identify predictors of self‐care ability and the moderating role of social support in Chinese BCRL patients, which may facilitate healthcare practitioners to develop appropriate interventions to manage self‐care ability.
Rectocele: Incidental or important? Observe or operate? Contemporary diagnosis and management in the multidisciplinary era
Authors: Bharucha Adil E. , Knowles Charles H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMore common in older women than younger women, rectoceles may be secondary to pelvic floor weakness and/or pelvic floor dysfunction with impaired rectal evacuation. Rectoceles may be small (<2 cm), medium (2–4 cm), or large (>4 cm). Arguably, large rectoceles are more likely to be associated with symptoms (e.g., difficult defecation). It can be challenging to ascertain the extent to which a rectocele is secondary to pelvic floor dysfunction and/or whether a rectocele, rather than associated pelvic floor dysfunction, is responsible for symptoms. Surgical repair should be considered when initial treatment measures (e.g., bowel modifying agents and pelvic floor biofeedback therapy) are unsuccessful.PurposeWe summarize the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of rectoceles, with an emphasis on outcomes after surgical repair. This review accompanies a retrospective analysis of outcomes after multidisciplinary, transvaginal rectocele repair procedures undertaken by three colorectal surgeons in 215 patients at a large teaching hospital in the UK. A majority of patients had a large rectocele. Some patients also underwent an anterior levatorplasty and/or an enterocele repair. All patients were jointly assessed, and some patients underwent surgery by colorectal and urogynecologic surgeons. In this cohort, the perioperative data, efficacy, and harms outcomes are comparable with historical data predominantly derived from retrospective series in which patients had a good outcome (67%–78%), symptoms of difficult defecation improved (30%–50%), and patients had a recurrent rectocele 2 years after surgery (17%). Building on these data, prospective studies that rigorously evaluate outcomes after surgical repair are necessary.
The experiences of children with a cardiac transplant, their families and health care providers in the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Zulla Rosslynn T. , Nicholas David B. , West Lori J. , Chan Sarah , McCoy Marie , Urschel Simon 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had deleterious impacts on pediatric patients and families, as well as the healthcare providers who have attended to their care needs.MethodsIn this qualitative study, children with a cardiac transplant, as well as their families and healthcare providers were interviewed to explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on pediatric care, as well as on patients' and their families' daily lives. Participants were recruited from a children's hospital in western Canada. Fifteen caregiving parents of transplanted children, 2 young patients, and 8 healthcare providers participated in interviews.ResultsFindings highlighted how families and their healthcare providers experienced pandemic‐related shifts. Themes highlighted experiences, which entailed (1) initially hearing about the COVID‐19 pandemic; (2) learning about their new reality; (3) adjusting to the pandemic; (4) adjusting to shifts in pediatric services; (5) evolving a view on the future, and (6) offering recommendations for cardiac care in a pandemic.ConclusionsStudy implications emphasize the need to critically reflect on, and advance, methods of helping young patients and their families in pandemic circumstances, and supporting healthcare providers.
Dutch‐booking indicative conditionals
Authors: Fusco Melissa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent literature on Stalnaker's Thesis, which seeks to vindicate it from Lewis (1976)'s triviality results, has featured linguistic data that is prima facie incompatible with Conditionalization in iterated cases (McGee 1989, 2000; Kaufmann 2015; Khoo & Santorio, 2018). In a recent paper (2021), Goldstein & Santorio make a bold claim: they hold that these departures light the way to a new, non‐conditionalizing theory of rational update.Here, I consider whether this new form of update is subject to a Dutch book. On the official, invariantist version of the theory, I show that the answer is “yes”. On a competing, contextualist theory of indicative conditionals (Bacon, 2015), the answer is “no”, for reasons that have familiar connections to the limits of textbook Bayesianism. After presenting a concrete case, I explore the dialectical ramifications. The upshot is some hard choices for theories that seek to save the linguistic phenomena.
Structures, architecture, vertical profiles, palaeohydrology and taphonomy of an upper‐flow‐regime‐dominated fluvial system, the Triassic Dockum Group of the Palo Duro Canyon, Texas
Authors: Walker Samuel , Holbrook John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTriassic strata of the Tecovas and Trujillo formations in the Palo Duro Canyon of West Texas record deposition dominated throughout by upper‐flow‐regime channel flow. These strata provide an opportunity for new insights into the architecture, floodplain/channel processes, vertical profiles, palaeohydrology and taphonomy typical of broader upper‐flow‐regime‐dominated fluvial systems. Thicker channel‐fills (ca 2 m, aspect ratio ca 24) host upper‐plane‐bed, symmetrical antidune, breaking‐antidune, chute‐and‐pool, and cyclic‐step structures. The thinner channel‐fill population (<1 m, aspect ratio ca 35) comprises upper‐plane‐bed and some antidune structures. Some of the larger channel fills developed low‐angle downstream‐accreting bars, with rare examples of laterally accreting side‐attached bars. This appears to be the first documentation of an ancient upper‐flow‐regime side‐attached bar. Lamina orientation of structures parallel accretion surfaces because these followed the original bed surface, and structures drop in flow regime down the bar surfaces as formative Froude numbers also declined. A generalized vertical sequence for large upper‐flow‐regime channel storeys has upper‐plane‐bed structures above the basal scour, transitioning upward into higher flow regime structures (for example, antidunes, cyclic steps, etc.), then back to a mix of upper‐plane‐bed and antidunes or lower‐flow‐regime structures towards the top. The Tecovas Formation and overlying Trujillo Sandstone both bear layers of cross‐cutting laterally amalgamated valley fills, multivalleys, and are separated by a regional sequence boundary. Calculated palaeodischarges for Tecovas (ca 90 m3/s) and Trujillo (ca 76 m3/s) rivers record flow at the stage where symmetrical antidunes were deposited. These discharges occurred at some point on the falling limb of a flood hydrograph of currently unknown shape. Slopes for the rivers were on the order of 10−4 to 10−5, consistent with typical continental‐interior rivers. Large and flashy discharge was, thus, the likely cause for supercritical‐flow conditions instead of excessive slopes. Rivers in both the Tecovas and Trujillo formations record a fluvial system developed in a tropical to subtropical megamonsoonal environment. The tendency for preservation of metre‐scale channel‐fills and catastrophic inundations of floodplains and lakes in single floods has also made the Dockum Group a prolific preserver of large Triassic vertebrates.
Extracorporeal photopheresis in paediatric patients: A retrospective comparison between different ‘off‐line’ protocols
Authors: Sebastián Elena , Andrés Esteban Eva María , González‐Vicent Marta , González de Pablo Jesús , Zubicaray Josune , Gálvez Eva , Guillén María , Ruiz Pato Julia , Molina Blanca , Albi Gustavo , Ramírez Manuel , Castillo Ana , Pérez Maroto Florencio , Madero Luis , Díaz Miguel Ángel , Sevilla Julián 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been shown to be an effective treatment for graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD). However, information regarding lymphocyte collection for ECP in children is limited. The aim of this study was to analyse and compare lymphocyte collection for ECP in children using different devices and protocols. Moreover, we have studied both safety and variables of the infused product related to treatment efficacy.Patients and MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 91 patients who underwent 1524 apheresis procedures with either the COBE Spectra or Spectra Optia system. The comparison study between the Optia protocols (MNC and CMNC) was prioritized. We analysed 578 procedures using the Optia blood cell separator: 204 and 374 using the MNC and the CMNC protocol, respectively.ResultsThe Optia CMNC protocol showed better collection efficiency, with increased lymphocyte collection per kg of body weight (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the type of protocol showed no relationship with haematocrit or platelet loss. Most procedures were well‐tolerated, with the most frequent adverse events related to venous access (21.7%). Seventy‐one percent of patients had either partial or complete clinical GvHD response. In the multivariate model, only two variables were associated with a better response to ECP, younger age and a greater increase of B lymphocytes after treatment.ConclusionLymphocyte collection for ECP is well‐tolerated in most children, achieving complete or partial response in more than half of GvHD patients. CMNC is the optimal software to perform lymphocyte collection in children.
Six Sigma in blood transfusion services: A dream too big in a third world country?
Authors: Jindal Aikaj , Maini Nandita 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTransfusion errors can occur anywhere from blood donation to final blood transfusion. They are a source of increased cost and patient mortality. Automated workflows can reduce transcription errors, but resource‐poor centres still use semi‐automated/manual method for testing including manual labelling of column agglutination cards/testing tubes. Missing out any details on these cards can lead to errors in reporting results, wastage and loss of resources and effort. The aim of this study was to implement Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control) methodology to reduce transcription errors while labelling gel card in immunohaematology lab to zero defect.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective study, transcription errors while manually performing 200 tests with 1400 opportunities were analysed. Baseline variables like number of errors, defects per million opportunities and sigma level in our current setup were measured. With the application of DMAIC methodology, root cause analysis for each error using Ishikawa diagram and structured Interviews were done to identify causes. A multipronged approach to deal with errors was done to improve critical areas using brainstorming sessions and developing training sheets for practice. After implementing the changes, baseline variables were reanalysed.ResultsApplication of DMAIC resulted in an overall reduction in defects from 34.86% to 0.56% with sigma level improvement from 1.89 to 4.08.ConclusionSix Sigma methodology can be used in a resource‐poor setting even with lack of automation to ensure error‐free process flow.
Laser incubation for the rapid detection of red cell alloantibodies in human blood samples
Authors: Manderson Clare A. , McLiesh Heather , Tanner Joanne , Alves Diana , Manolios Jim , Garnier Gil 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPre‐transfusion antibody screening requires the detection and identification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against red blood cells (RBCs). Using the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT), plasma–RBC solutions are incubated at 37°C in gel cards, typically by heating block technology. Here, we apply the newly developed laser incubation method to detect RBC alloantibodies in the plasma from human donors.Materials and MethodsDonated human plasma samples (N = 128) containing clinically significant IgG antibodies directed against Rh (D, C, c, Cw and E), Kell (K and Kpa), Duffy (Fya and Fyb), Kidd (Jka) and MNS (S) blood group system antigens were tested by the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT). Samples were heated to 37°C by infrared laser (980 nm) for incubations of up to 5 min. Samples were also incubated in a heating block for comparison.ResultsWhen heating by laser, the presence of an alloantibody is detected after only a 1‐min incubation for 96% of samples. No samples required longer than 3 min of laser incubation in order to detect the antibody. For all samples, incubation by laser gave the same or stronger result within 5 min. No samples required longer than 5 min to achieve an equivalent result to that of the 5‐min heating block incubation. The laser was not found to damage cells or antibodies.ConclusionLaser incubation provides comparable results in shorter time frames than the heating block. Laser incubation can rapidly detect even very weak antibodies.
Performance Investigation of Airfoils for Axial Flow Fans in Low Solidity Cascades Operating at High Inlet Flow Angles
Authors: Cravero Carlo , Milanese Gabriele 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Axial flow fans are usually characterized by blade sections with low solidity and high inlet flow angles. Two main approaches are followed in the preliminary design phase, to take into account blade interaction effects: the use of available airfoil cascades data (or related correlations) and that of isolated airfoil data together with interference coefficients. The working conditions of low solidity airfoil cascades with highly tangential inflow are not widely studied in the literature, leaving the designer the possibility to rely on limited cascade data or often on the use of isolated airfoil data, with the assumption of negligible interference effects. A systematic investigation of the above working conditions for airfoil cascades is performed with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations. Three different airfoils are used to evaluate the influence of the design lift coefficient and maximum blade thickness. The results provide a better insight into the aerodynamic behavior of airfoil sections in such operating conditions, showing that interactions cannot be neglected. The use of metamodeling coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations is presented as a suitable tool for treating interference effects within the fan design process. The main findings of the present work can be used as a support for design choices as well as for developing design strategies both for the fan blades and for the airfoil sections.