bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of beaver dams on organic carbon, nutrients and methyl mercury distribution in impounded waterbodies
Authors: Čiuldienė Dovilė , Vigricas Egidijus , Belova Olgirda , Aleinikovas Marius , Armolaitis Kęstutis 
Published: February 2022

The European beaver Castor fiber is well‐known as an ecosystem engineer that greatly affects landscape structure, biodiversity as well as physical and chemical properties of surface water bodies. Beaver ponds alter surface water bodies by raising water elevation, decreasing flow velocity and altering the morphology of streams or drainage ditches, which can reduce the concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and nutrients (N, P). Recent studies indicated that mercury transforms into hazardous and neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) in beaver impoundments by biological processes in anaerobic conditions.However, the knowledge about nutrients and MeHg levels in impounded forest waterbodies is scarce in Lithuania. We aimed to ascertain the alteration in concentrations and stocks of OC, nutrients and MeHg in water and sediments from upstream and downstream, as well as within beaver dams and ponds during the growing seasons of 2016–2018. Results showed higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients (P and N) in upstream water samples compared to those of downstream from beaver dams. Meanwhile, in sediments mean stocks of OC, P and N were the highest in the middle part of the ponds and in beaver dams. Moreover, the concentrations and stocks of MeHg in sediments were higher in beaver dams than in any other parts of beaver impoundments (upstream, mid‐pond, pond periphery and downstream). We conclude that dam bottom sediments were rich in OC, N and P, and at the same time, contained toxic MeHg. Therefore, beaver dams could act as a trickle filter by improving water quality, in our case, DOC, N and P leaching, from riparian forests and soils, but may also act as hotspots of mercury methylation.
Effectiveness of ventilation tube insertion for conductive hearing loss in children with chronic otitis media with effusion and non-syndromic cleft palate: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Maina Grace , Pollock Danielle , Lockwood Craig , Ooi Eng 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review will investigate the efficacy of ventilation tube insertion versus non-surgical options in the management of chronic otitis media with effusion in children with non-syndromic cleft palate by assessing the degree of conductive hearing loss.

Introduction:
Chronic otitis media with effusion is common in children with cleft palate due to associated eustachian tube dysfunction. It can lead to impaired hearing and can hinder speech and language development. The main treatment options are drainage of effusion with ventilation tubes, surveillance, or amplification with hearing aids. Each of these approaches has its advantages but there is currently no consensus on the most appropriate management in children with cleft palate.

Inclusion criteria:
Eligible studies will include children (<18 years) with cleft palate not associated with a genetic syndrome, diagnosed with chronic otitis media with effusion, who have undergone insertion of ventilation tubes compared with either surveillance or amplification with hearing aids.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus will be conducted to find published literature. Gray literature searches will be conducted through the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Two reviewers will screen studies, conduct critical appraisal of eligible studies, assess the methodological quality, and extract the data. Where possible, studies will be pooled in statistical meta-analysis, with heterogeneity of data being assessed using the standard χ2 and I

2
tests.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42021255861
Robust Tracking Control for Electrohydraulic System Using an Internal Model-Based Sliding Surface
Authors: Sun Hao , Sun Zongxuan , Li Shihua 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An electrohydraulic system, which is widely applied in practice, is a highly nonlinear system with uncertainty. In order to improve the control performance, the nonlinearity and uncertainty should be taken into consideration. In this context, a lot of researches have been carried out, and most of them need the derivatives of the tracking error to construct their controllers. However, the accurate values of the derivatives are difficult to be obtained in practice. What's more, without considering the characteristics of the reference signal, the direct applications of these control methods in the periodic motion tracking problem of electrohydraulic systems are difficult to achieve satisfactory control performances. Therefore, a novel internal model principle (IMP)-based sliding mode control (SMC) is proposed in the paper. First, an ideal driving force for the second-order piston motion dynamics is designed based on the IMP with the measurement of piston position. And then, the deviation between the ideal and measured driving force is selected as the sliding mode variable. At last, the SMC is formed to guarantee the actual driving force can converge to the ideal one in finite time. As the main contribution of this paper, the proposed IMP-based SMC does not need the derivatives of the tracking error and can achieve a better performance by eliminating the reference frequency related component in the tracking error. To verify the control performance of the proposed method, a 20 Hz sinusoidal reference tracking scenario is considered, and the finite-time exact differentiator (FTD)-based SMC and the FTD-based high-order SMC (HOSMC) are selected as comparison methods. A group of simulations are performed on an electrohydraulic system used in the controlled trajectory rapid compression and expansion machine (CT-RCEM). The simulation results show that the 20 Hz component in the tracking error is eliminated under the proposed controller, but the 20 Hz error components are still remaining as 2.58 mm and 0.64 mm under the FTD-based SMC and the FTD-based HOSMC, respectively.
A Food First Approach to Carbohydrate Supplementation in Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review
Authors: Reynolds Kirsty M. , Clifford Tom , Mears Stephen A. , James Lewis J. 
Published: March 2022

This systematic review analyzed whether carbohydrate source (food vs. supplement) influenced performance and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms during endurance exercise. Medline, SPORTDiscus, and citations were searched from inception to July 2021. Inclusion criteria were healthy, active males and females aged >18 years, investigating endurance performance, and GI symptoms after ingestion of carbohydrate from a food or supplement, <60 min before or during endurance exercise. The van Rosendale scale was used to determine risk of bias, with seven studies having low risk of bias. A total of 151 participants from 15 studies were included in the review. Three studies provided 0.6–1 g carbohydrate/kg body mass during 5–45 min precycling exercise (duration 60–70 min) while 12 studies provided 24–80 g/hr carbohydrate during exercise (60–330 min). Except one study that suggested a likely harmful effect (magnitude-based inferences) of a bar compared to a gel consumed during exercise on cycling performance, there were no differences in running (n = 1) or cycling (n = 13) performance/capacity between food and supplemental sources. Greater GI symptoms were reported with food compared with supplemental sources. Highly heterogenous study designs for carbohydrate dose and timing, as well as exercise protocol and duration, make it difficult to compare findings between studies. A further limitation results from only one study assessing running performance. Food choices of carbohydrate consumed immediately before and during endurance exercise result in similar exercise performance/capacity responses to supplemental carbohydrate sources, but may slightly increase GI symptoms in some athletes, particularly with exercise >2 hr.
A Mississippi Valley–type Zn-Pb mineralizing system in South China constrained by in situ U-Pb dating of carbonates and barite and in situ S-Sr-Pb isotopes
Authors: Xiong Suo-Fei , Jiang Shao-Yong , Chen Zuo-Hao , Zhao Jian-Xin , Ma Ying , Zhang Di , Duan Zhen-Peng , Niu Pan-Pan , Xu Yao-Ming 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ages of Zn-Pb deposits are exceptionally challenging to determine owing to the lack of suitable mineral chronometers and techniques. Here we present the first result for in situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of carbonates and barite from a Mississippi Valley– type (MVT) Zn-Pb deposit in South China. Hydrothermal dolomite in close textural and paragenetic association with Zn-Pb sulfides, and calcite and barite cement from the breccia ores, yield ages of 473.4 ± 2.7 Ma and 368.7 ± 3.1 Ma, respectively. Together with new in situ S-Pb-Sr isotope values, these data reveal an epigenetic Zn-Pb mineralization history, agreeing well with a model involving basinal brine accumulation and MVT Zn-Pb sulfide precipitation. Because carbonate is a common mineral in Zn-Pb deposits worldwide, and other minerals in such deposits suitable for isotope dating are generally absent, in situ U-Pb dating of gangue carbonates opens a new window for better defining the ore genesis of this globally important Zn-Pb deposit type and for tracking hydrothermal fluid flow in sedimentary basins.
Sex differences in endovascular thrombectomy outcomes in large vessel occlusion: a propensity-matched analysis from the SELECT study
Authors: Fifi Johanna T , Nguyen Thanh N , Song Sarah , Sharrief Anjail , Pujara Deep Kiritbhai , Shaker Faris , Fournier Lauren E , Jones Erica M , Lechtenberg Colleen G , Slavin Sabreena J , Ifejika Nneka L , Diaz Maria V , Martin-Schild Sheryl , Schaafsma Joanna , Tsai Jenny P , Alexandrov Anne W , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I , Sarraj Amrou 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundSex disparities in acute ischemic stroke outcomes are well reported with IV thrombolysis. Despite several studies, there is still a lack of consensus on whether endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) outcomes differ between men and women.ObjectiveTo compare sex differences in EVT outcomes at 90-day follow-up and assess whether progression in functional status from discharge to 90-day follow-up differs between men and women.MethodsFrom the Selection for Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke (SELECT) prospective cohort study (2016–2018), adult men and women (≥18 years) with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery M1/M2) treated with EVT up to 24 hours from last known well were matched using propensity scores. Discharge and 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were compared between men and women. Furthermore, we evaluated the improvement in mRS scores from discharge to 90 days in men and women using a repeated-measures, mixed-effects regression model.ResultsOf 285 patients, 139 (48.8%) were women. Women were older with median (IQR) age 69 (57–81) years vs 64.5 (56–75), p=0.044, had smaller median perfusion deficits (Tmax >6 s) 109 vs 154 mL (p<0.001), and had better collaterals on CT angiography and CT perfusion but similar ischemic core size (relative cerebral blood flow <30%: 7.6 (0–25.2) vs 11.4 (0–38) mL, p=0.22). In 65 propensity-matched pairs, despite similar discharge functional independence rates (women: 42% vs men: 48%, aOR=0.55, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.69, p=0.30), women exhibited worse 90-day functional independence rates (women: 46% vs men: 60%, aOR=0.41, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.00, p=0.05). The reduction in mRS scores from discharge to 90 days also demonstrated a significantly larger improvement in men (discharge 2.49 and 90 days 1.88, improvement 0.61) than in women (discharge 2.52 and 90 days 2.44, improvement 0.08, p=0.036).ConclusionIn a propensity-matched cohort from the SELECT study, women had similar discharge outcomes as men following EVT, but the improvement from discharge to 90 days was significantly worse in women, suggesting the influence of post-discharge factors. Further exploration of this phenomenon to identify target interventions is warranted.Trial registration numberNCT02446587.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Derivo Embolization Device: a novel surface-modified flow diverter for intracranial aneurysm treatment
Authors: Monteiro Andre , Burke Samantha M , Baig Ammad A , Khan Slah , Cappuzzo Justin M , Waqas Muhammad , Dietrich Joseph E , Levy Elad I , Siddiqui Adnan H 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundSurface-modified flow diverters (FDs) designed to reduce thrombogenicity represent the next frontier for intracranial aneurysm treatment. The Derivo Embolization Device (DED) is a novel FD with titanium oxide and titanium oxynitride finishing of the struts. We performed a systematic review of pertinent literature, aiming to evaluate the device’s effectiveness and safety.MethodsA literature search of PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.ResultsFive studies comprising 481 aneurysms were included. These studies were conducted in Turkey, Brazil, Germany, Poland, and Italy; two were prospective and three were retrospective. Twenty-six aneurysms (5.4%) were ruptured. The antiplatelet regimens were heterogeneous, but dual antiplatelet therapy was administered preprocedurally in all studies and maintained for 3–12 months before a switch to single antiplatelet therapy. The rate of periprocedural ischemic and hemorrhagic complications was 4.9% (95% CI 2.9% to 7%). Adjunctive coiling was used in 25.6% (95% CI 11.4% to 39.8%) of aneurysms. The complete angiographic occlusion rate was 81.4% (95% CI 71.3% to 91.5%), mortality rate was 2.1% (95% CI 0.4% to 3.9%), with follow-up ranging from 9 to 18 months. Delayed aneurysm rupture was reported in one patient.ConclusionsThe DED has been increasingly used in other countries. We identified low rates of periprocedural complications and mortality and a high rate of complete occlusion.
Perceived acceptable uncertainty regarding comparability of endovascular treatment alone versus intravenous thrombolysis plus endovascular treatment
Authors: Kaesmacher Johannes , Mujanovic Adnan , Treurniet Kilian , Kappelhof Manon , Meinel Thomas R , Yang Pengfei , Liu Jianmin , Zhang Yongwei , Zi Wenjie , Yang Qingwu , Nogueira Raul G , Kimura Kazumi , Matsumaru Yuji , Suzuki Kentaro , Yan Bernard , Mitchell Peter J , Miao Zhongrong , Roos Yvo B W E M , Majoie Charles B L M , Gralla Jan , Saver Jeffrey L , Fischer Urs 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundMost trials comparing endovascular treatment (EVT) alone versus intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase (IVT) + EVT in directly admitted patients with a stroke are non-inferiority trials. However, the margin based on the level of uncertainty regarding non-inferiority of the experimental treatment that clinicians are willing to accept to incorporate EVT alone into clinical practice remains unknown.ObjectiveTo characterize what experienced stroke clinicians would consider an acceptable level of uncertainty for hypothetical decisions on whether to administer IVT or not before EVT in patients admitted directly to EVT-capable centers.MethodsA web-based, structured survey was distributed to a cross-section of 600 academic neurologists/neurointerventionalists. For this purpose, a response framework for a hypothetical trial comparing IVT+EVT (standard of care) with EVT alone (experimental arm) was designed. In this trial, a similar proportion of patients in each arm achieved functional independence at 90 days. Invited physicians were asked at what level of certainty they would feel comfortable skipping IVT in clinical practice, considering these hypothetical trial results.ResultsThere were 180 respondents (response rate: 30%) and 165 with complete answers. The median chosen acceptable uncertainty suggesting reasonable comparability between both treatments was an absolute difference in the rate of day 90 functional independence of 3% (mode 5%, IQR 1–5%), with higher chosen margins observed in interventionalists (aOR 2.20, 95% CI 1.06 to 4.67).ConclusionPhysicians would generally feel comfortable skipping IVT before EVT at different certainty thresholds. Most physicians would treat with EVT alone if randomized trial data suggested that the number of patients achieving functional independence at 90 days was similar between the two groups, and one could be sufficiently sure that no more than 3 out of 100 patients would not achieve functional independence at 90 days due to skipping IVT.
A new benchmark of soft X-ray transition energies of $$\mathrm {Ne}$$, $$\mathrm {CO}_2$$, and $$\mathrm {SF}_6$$: paving a pathway towards ppm accuracy
Authors: Stierhof J. , Kühn S. , Winter M. , Micke P. , Steinbrügge R. , Shah C. , Hell N. , Bissinger M. , Hirsch M. , Ballhausen R. , Lang M. , Gräfe C. , Wipf S. , Cumbee R. , Betancourt-Martinez G. L. , Park S. , Niskanen J. , Chung M. , Porter F. S. , Stöhlker T. , Pfeifer T. , Brown G. V. , Bernitt S. , Hansmann P. , Wilms J. , Crespo López-Urrutia J. R. , Leutenegger M. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A key requirement for the correct interpretation of high-resolution X-ray spectra is that transition energies are known with high accuracy and precision. We investigate the K-shell features of $$\mathrm {Ne}$$
Ne
, $$\mathrm {CO}_2$$

CO
2

, and $$\mathrm {SF}_6$$

SF
6

gases, by measuring their photo ion-yield spectra at the BESSY II synchrotron facility simultaneously with the 1s–np fluorescence emission of He-like ions produced in the Polar-X EBIT. Accurate ab initio calculations of transitions in these ions provide the basis of the calibration. While the $$\mathrm {CO}_2$$

CO
2

result agrees well with previous measurements, the $$\mathrm {SF}_6$$

SF
6

spectrum appears shifted by $$\sim $$
∼
0.5 eV, about twice the uncertainty of the earlier results. Our result for $$\mathrm {Ne}$$
Ne
shows a large departure from earlier results, but may suffer from larger systematic effects than our other measurements. The molecular spectra agree well with our results of time-dependent density functional theory. We find that the statistical uncertainty allows calibrations in the desired range of 1–10 meV, however, systematic contributions still limit the uncertainty to $${\sim }$$
∼
40–100 meV, mainly due to the temporal stability of the monochromator energy scale. Combining our absolute calibration technique with a relative energy calibration technique such as photoelectron energy spectroscopy will be necessary to realize its full potential of achieving uncertainties as low as 1–10 meV.

Graphical abstract
Impacts of Nursing Work Environment on Turnover Intentions: The Mediating Role of Burnout in Ghana
Authors: Poku Collins Atta , Donkor Ernestina , Naab Florence 
Published: February 2022

Background. The nursing practice environment supports excellence and decent work and has the influence to entice and retain the quality nursing workforce. Appreciating the dynamics that affect the turnover intention of RNs offer reasonable solutions to the challenges of the nursing shortage, which directly influence the quality of nursing care. There is a paucity of information on the impacts of these concepts among RNs in Sub-Saharan African. The study therefore aimed at determining the impacts of work environment and burnout on turnover intentions among RNs in Ghana. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional design using a simple random and proportionate stratified sampling with a sample of 232 RNs from Municipal and Regional Hospitals, Sunyani, West-Central part of Ghana completed validated instruments measuring work environment, burnout, and turnover intentions. Descriptive analysis was done to find out RNs’ perceptions of their work environment and turnover intentions. Mediation analysis by Baron and Kenny’s approach was used to determine the mediating effect of burnout on the relationship between the domains of PPE and the turnover intention of RNs. STROBE checklist was used as the reporting tool. Results. While most RNs had a positive perception about their work environment, greater number of them had turnover intentions. There were significant associations between some nursing work environment facets and turnover intention. The results also showed a statistically significant relationship between nurse-physician relation (β = .353, t = 5.476,

p

≤ .001), nurse manager leadership (β = −0.485, t = −8.192,

p

≤ .001), nursing foundation for quality care (β = .400, t = 7.059,

p

≤ .001), staffing and resource adequacy on (β = 0.485, t = 8.183,

p

≤ .001), and turnover intention as mediated by burnout. Conclusion. Burnout resulting from an unsafe work environment impact RNs’ turnover intention. This phenomenon can potentially affect the human resource management and quality of nursing care. Policy strategies aimed at ensuring a professional practice environment and decreased burnout can therefore improve retention of RNs at their workplace.
Prognostic Markers in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: The Role of IP-10 and C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Rizzi Manuela , Costanzo Martina , Tonello Stelvio , Matino Erica , Casciaro Francesco Giuseppe , Croce Alessandro , Rizzi Eleonora , Zecca Erika , Pedrinelli Anita , Vassia Veronica , Landi Raffaella , Bellan Mattia , Castello Luigi Mario , Minisini Rosalba , Mallela Venkata Ramana , Avanzi Gian Carlo , Pirisi Mario , Lilleri Daniele , Sainaghi Pier Paolo 
Published: March 2022

Background. SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for COVID-19, a clinically heterogeneous disease, ranging from being completely asymptomatic to life-threating manifestations. An unmet clinical need is the identification at disease onset or during its course of reliable biomarkers allowing patients’ stratification according to disease severity. In this observational prospective cohort study, patients’ immunologic and laboratory signatures were analyzed to identify independent predictors of unfavorable (either death or intensive care unit admission need) or favorable (discharge and/or clinical resolution within the first 14 days of hospitalization) outcome. Methods. Between January and May 2021 (third wave of the pandemic), we enrolled 139 consecutive SARS-CoV-2 positive patients hospitalized in Northern Italy to study their immunological and laboratory signatures. Multiplex cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor analysis, along with routine laboratory tests, were performed at baseline and after 7 days of hospital stay. Results. According to their baseline characteristics, the majority of our patients experienced a moderate to severe illness. At multivariate analysis, the only independent predictors of disease evolution were the serum concentrations of IP-10 (at baseline) and of C-reactive protein (CRP) after 7 days of hospitalization. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed that baseline

IP
−
10
>
4271

pg
/
mL

and

CRP
>
2.3

mg
/
dL

at 7 days predict a worsening in clinical conditions (87% sensitivity, 66% specificity, area under the curve (AUC) 0.772,

p
<
0.001

and 83% sensitivity, 73% specificity, AUC 0.826,

p
<
0.001

, respectively). Conclusions. According to our results, baseline IP-10 and CRP after 7 days of hospitalization could be useful in driving clinical decisions tailored to the expected disease trajectory in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.