bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of different exercises in preventing cardiac implantable electronic device‐related shoulder impairment
Authors: Cosgun Muharrem Said , Cosgun Cansu 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundShoulder impairment on the implant side is common after cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the pendulum exercise (PE) and stretching and strengthening exercises (SSE) in preventing postimplantation shoulder impairment.MethodsThis prospective, randomized study collected data from 89 patients, including 30 in a control group, 31 in a PE group, and 28 in an SSE group. Shoulder functions on the implant side were evaluated by grip strength (GS), range of motion (ROM), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH), and 36‐Item Short‐Form Survey (SF‐36).ResultsShoulder median flexion and abduction ROM were significantly improved 2‐month postimplantation compared to two‐week postimplantation in PE (156 ± 11 vs. 146 ± 10, p = .002; 147 ± 9 vs. 136 ± 9, p = .001, respectively) and SSE (158 ± 13 vs. 147 ± 11, p = .003; 149 ± 13 vs. 138 ± 9, p = .002, respectively) groups, but not in the control group. Two months after implantation, the two exercise groups showed no significant differences in any assessment. Compared with the PE and SSE groups, the control group had significantly lower GS (p = .012 and p = .002, respectively) and SF‐36 physical component summary (p = .007 and p = .003, respectively) and significantly higher VAS (p = .003 and p = .001, respectively) and QuickDASH (p = .002 and p = .005, respectively) scores 2‐month postimplantation.ConclusionsPE and SSE for the ipsilateral upper arm starting two‐week after CIED implantation provided similar benefits in preserving shoulder girdle muscle strength, maintaining shoulder motion, relieving shoulder pain, preventing shoulder injury, and improving quality of life, without the risk of lead dislodgement.
Self‐compassion and complete perinatal mental health in women at high risk for postpartum depression: The mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties
Authors: Carona Carlos , Xavier Sandra , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Fonseca Ana 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesThere is evidence suggesting that self‐compassion is linked to key mechanisms in emotion regulation models of depression and anxiety. However, the majority of prior research has targeted community samples and overlooked the analysis of such mechanisms in relation to positive mental health. This study sought to examine the direct and indirect effects, via emotion regulation difficulties, of self‐compassion on the complete mental health outcomes of women at high risk for postpartum depression (PPD).DesignCross‐sectional, correlational study.MethodsThe sample for this study comprised 1053 postpartum women presenting high risk for PPD, as determined by the clinical cut‐off score obtained through the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory–Revised. The assessment protocol further included self‐report measures of self‐compassion, depression and anxiety symptoms, flourishing and emotion regulation difficulties. Correlation analyses were conducted to ascertain associations between variables, and path analysis was performed to examine direct and indirect effects.ResultsDifficulties in emotion regulation mediated the links between self‐compassion and negative (distress) and positive (flourishing) mental health outcomes. The overall mediation model explained 48% and 39% of variance for psychological distress and flourishing/positive mental health respectively.ConclusionsThese findings support the applicability of an emotion regulation model of self‐compassion to women identified as being at high risk of developing PPD. Self‐compassion interventions directed at these women are likely to decrease their levels of emotion dysregulation and to improve their complete mental health outcomes.
Impact of pandemics on humanitarian retailing operations: A voucher's case
Authors: Mohamadi Navid , Bakhishi Hataw , Transchel Sandra , Besiou Maria 
Published: February 2022

In 2020, the world started a fight against a pandemic that has severely disrupted commercial and humanitarian supply chains. Humanitarian organizations (HOs), like the World Food Programme (WFP), adjusted their programs in order to manage this pandemic. One such program is cash and voucher assistance (CVA), which is used to bolster beneficiaries' freedom of choice regarding their consumption. In this vein, WFP supports local retailers to provide CVA to beneficiaries who do not have access to a functioning market. However, the operations of these stores can suffer from a very high transmission risk of COVID‐19 unless preventive measures are put in place to reduce it. This paper discusses strategies that retailers and HOs can enact to maximize their service and dignity levels while minimizing transmission risk under a CVA program during a pandemic. We argue that HOs providing CVA programs can improve their assistance during a pandemic by implementing strategies that impact the retailing operations of their retailers.
Tuberculosis risk among people with diabetes mellitus in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Obels Ilja , Ninsiima Sandra , Critchley Julia A. , Huangfu Peijue 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectivesPeople with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a higher tuberculosis (TB) risk, but the evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) was scarce until recently and not included in earlier global summaries. Therefore, this systematic review aims to determine the risk of active TB disease among people with DM in SSA and whether HIV alters this association.MethodsMedline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Global Health and African Index Medicus were searched between January 1980 and February 2021. Cohort, case‐control and cross‐sectional studies from SSA, which assessed the association between DM and active TB, were included if adjusted for age. Two researchers independently assessed titles, abstracts, full texts, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Estimates for the association between DM and TB were summarised using a random effects meta‐analysis. PROSPERO: CRD42021241743.ResultsNine eligible studies were identified, which reported on 110,905 people from 5 countries. Individual study odds ratios (OR) of the TB–DM association ranged from 0.88 (95% CI 0.17–4.58) to 10.7 (95% CI 4.5–26). The pooled OR was 2.77 (95% CI 1.90–4.05). High heterogeneity was reduced in sensitivity analysis (from I2 = 57% to I2 = 6.9%), by excluding one study which ascertained DM by HbA1c. Risk of bias varied widely between studies, especially concerning the way in which DM status was determined.ConclusionsThere is a strong positive association between DM and active TB in SSA. More research is needed to determine whether HIV, a key risk factor for TB in SSA, modifies this relationship.
A Strain Rate-Dependent Constitutive Model for Göttingen Minipig Cerebral Arteries
Authors: Pearson Noah , Boiczyk Gregory M. , Kote Vivek Bhaskar , Sundaramurthy Aravind , Subramaniam Dhananjay Radhakrishnan , Rubio Jose E. , Unnikrishnan Ginu , Reifman Jaques , Monson Kenneth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Computational simulations of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are commonly used to advance understanding of the injury–pathology relationship, tissue damage thresholds, and design of protective equipment such as helmets. Both human and animal TBI models have developed substantially over recent decades, partially due to the inclusion of more detailed brain geometry and representation of tissues like cerebral blood vessels. Explicit incorporation of vessels dramatically affects local strain and enables researchers to investigate TBI-induced damage to the vasculature. While some studies have indicated that cerebral arteries are rate-dependent, no published experimentally based, rate-sensitive constitutive models of cerebral arteries exist. In this work, we characterize the mechanical properties of axially failed porcine arteries, both quasi-statically (0.01 s−1) and at high rate (&gt;100 s−1), and propose a rate-sensitive model to fit the data. We find that the quasi-static and high-rate stress–stretch curves become significantly different (p &lt; 0.05) above a stretch of 1.23. We additionally find a significant change in both failure stretch and stress as a result of strain rate. The stress–stretch curve is then modeled as a Holzapfel–Gasser–Ogden material, with a Prony series added to capture the effects of viscoelasticity. Ultimately, this paper demonstrates that rate dependence should be considered in the material properties of cerebral arteries undergoing high strain-rate deformations and provides a ready-to-use model for finite element implementation.
Adaptive Stochastic Resonance for Bolt Looseness Identification Under Strong Noise Background
Authors: Gong Tao , Yang Jianhua , Sanjuán Miguel A. F. , Liu Houguang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, a large number of mechanical equipment working in harsh working environment will lead to strong background noise, which makes it difficult to extract feature information related to equipment fault. Bolt joint looseness inevitably occurs in engineering, which occupies a large proportion of all types of mechanical equipment faults. Therefore, it is quite difficult to extract the bolt looseness feature information. Based on this problem, a method based on subharmonic resonance and adaptive stochastic resonance (ASR) method is proposed to recognize whether the bolt is loose. First, a typical single bolted joint model is carried out dynamic analysis and numerical simulation, which verifies the specific conditions for the generation of subharmonic frequency related to bolt looseness. Then, a bolt looseness identification method based on ASR and coherence resonance (CR) is proposed. A quality factor index is defined, which is used to identify stochastic resonance (SR) and CR for bolt looseness identification. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is successfully verified by experiment, which effectively identifies bolt looseness under strong noise background.
Design Study of Small Modular Reactor Class Super Fast Reactor Core for In-Vessel Retention
Authors: Sasaki Ryotaro , Yamaji Akifumi , Uchimura Kyota 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The small modular reactor (SMR) class core design concept of once-through supercritical light water-cooled reactor (SCWR) with fast neutron spectrum (super fast reactor (FR)) is being developed at Waseda University. For the 300 MWel class design, complete core meltdown may need to be considered in case of a severe accident. This study proposes the new in-vessel retention (IVR) concept of the SMR class super FR (super FR-IVR), which can avoid recriticality even if the whole core relocates to the lower plenum of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV). The core characteristics with a given set of design specifications and criteria are evaluated based on fully coupled neutronics and thermal-hydraulics core burnup calculations. The debris criticality is evaluated based on Monte Carlo based method to consider the RPV lower plenum and debris configurations. The relationships between the 300 MWel class core design with the inner vessel diameter of 2.32 m and the IVR design are revealed. By reducing the operation cycle length from 720 days to 360 days and increasing the core inlet temperature from 280 °C to 370 °C, the required IVR submergence level could be reduced from 2.18 m to 1.38 m, assuming that the debris bed (melt pool) is homogeneous. However, when fully stratified debris configurations are assumed, the required disperser height and the corresponding IVR submergence level may increase to about 2.70 m.
Defect and Cluster Characterization: A Python-Based Plugin for Wellbore Intergrity Analysis
Authors: Nuhn Zachary , Leong Chad , Kolomytsev Leonid , Le Calvez Joel , Valstar Dirk 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Over time, corrosion in a pipe causes metal loss which reduces the amount of stress a pipe can be exposed to before failure. A radial thickness measurement of the corroded pipe allows for a quantitative analysis of the pipe's strength by identifying areas of significant material loss. The effects of metal loss defects on a pipe compound when the defects are close enough to interact. Thus, the identification and characterization of interacting defects as a defect cluster is required when calculating the remaining pipe strength. A Python-based Techlog* wellbore software platform plugin was developed to provide an analytical workflow to detect and characterize the impact of metal loss defects and defect clusters on remaining pipe strength for downhole wellbore integrity applications. The developed plugin is a fully customizable workflow which can be adapted to any well integrity scenario and pipeline regulatory body standards such as ASME B31G, subsequently meeting clients' reporting requirements. The innovative workflow has additional potential to be ported to completely new applications utilizing various alternative downhole measurements.
Investigation of the Flow Field and the Pressure Recovery in a Gas Turbine Exhaust Diffuser at Design, Part-Load, and Over-Load Conditions
Authors: Bauer Maximilian , Hummel Simon , Schatz Markus , Kegalj Martin , Vogt Damian M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The performance of axial diffusers installed downstream of heavy duty gas turbines is mainly affected by the turbine load. Thereby the outflow varies in Mach number, total pressure distribution, swirl and its tip leakage flow in particular. To investigate the performance of a diffuser at different load conditions, a generic diffuser geometry has been designed at ITSM which is representative for current heavy duty gas turbine diffusers. Results are presented for three different operating conditions, each with and without tip flow, respectively. Part-load (PL), design-load (DL) and over-load (OL) operating conditions are defined and varied at the diffuser inlet in terms of Mach number, total pressure distribution, and swirl. Each operating point is investigated experimentally and numerically and assessed based on its flow field as well as the pressure recovery. The diffuser performance shows a strong dependency on the inlet swirl and total pressure profile. A superimposed tip flow only influences the flow field significantly when the casing flow is weakened due to casing separation. In those cases, pressure recovery increases with additional tip flow. There is a reliable prediction of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations at design-load. At part-load, CFD overpredicts the strut separation, resulting in an underpredicted overall pressure recovery. At over-load, CFD underpredicts the separation extension in the annular diffuser but overpredicts the hub wake. This leads to a better flow control in CFD with the result of an overpredicted overall pressure recovery.
Hydrodynamic Coupling of Viscous and Nonviscous Numerical Wave Solutions Within the Open-Source Hydrodynamics Framework reef3d
Authors: Wang Weizhi , Pákozdi Csaba , Kamath Arun , Martin Tobias , Bihs Hans 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the marine environment in the offshore area requires phase-resolved wave information. For far-field wave propagation, computational efficiency is crucial, as large spatial and temporal scales are involved. For the near-field extreme wave events and wave impacts, high resolution is required to resolve the flow details and turbulence. The combined use of a computationally efficient large-scale model and a high-resolution local-scale solver provides a solution that combines accuracy and efficiency. This article introduces a coupling strategy between the efficient fully nonlinear potential flow (FNPF) solver REEF3D::FNPF and the high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model REEF3D::CFD within the open-source hydrodynamics framework REEF3D. REEF3D::FNPF solves the Laplace equation together with the boundary conditions on a sigma-coordinate. The free surface boundary conditions are discretized using high-order finite difference methods. The Laplace equation for the velocity potential is solved with a conjugated gradient solver preconditioned with a geometric multigrid provided by the open-source library Hypre. The model is fully parallelized following the domain decomposition strategy and the message passing interface protocol. The waves calculated with the FNPF solver are used as wave generation boundary conditions for the CFD-based numerical wave tank REEF3D::CFD. The CFD model employs an interface capturing two-phase flow approach that can resolve complex wave structure interaction, including breaking wave kinematics and turbulent effects. The presented hydrodynamic coupling strategy is tested for various wave conditions and the accuracy is fully assessed.
Development of a Three-Component Micro Force Sensor/Calibration Device
Authors: Jin W. L. , Mote C. D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A sub-millimeter three-component force sensor is developed using silicon microfabrication technology. A polysilicon cross-beam, 300μm by 300μm, with twelve piezoresistive strain gauges integrated on it, is the elastic element of the sensor. The strains detected by the strain gauges are measures of the three orthogonal components of the force applied at the center of the cross-beam. Calibration of the sensor is achieved by generating electromagnetic forces on an aluminum cross-beam that is suspended over the sensor structure.
Artificial Micropatterns of Cells on Biocompatible Surfaces
Authors: Folch Albert , Toner Mehmet 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The geometrically selective attachment of cells on surfaces is an on-going technological challenge. Biotechnological applications of man-made cellular micropatterns range from tissue engineering and wound healing to single-cell assays and biosensors for toxic compounds. Recently, silicon microfabrication techniques and advances in surface chemistry have allowed for selectively tailoring cellular adhesiveness on a micrometer scale [1–8]. Usually, a micropattern of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of organic molecules promotes or inhibits cell adhesion on certain areas of the substrate depending on the end functional group of the SAM. Unfortunately, the specialized SAM chemistries, e.g. functionalized alkylsiloxanes on silicon oxide or alkanethiols on gold, are not easily combined with most tissue culture or implantable (“biocompatible”) materials such as polymers or heteregeneous surfaces and, most importantly, can result in undesirable biointeraction [9].
A Micro Valve Made of PSPI
Authors: Wang Xiaohao , Zhou Zhaoying , Zhang Wendong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A novel micro valve made of photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) was designed, fabricated and demonstrated. The dimension of chip of microvalve is less than 5 × 4 × 0.5mm3. It is designed for flow rate of about 20ml/min at a system pressure level of about 1 bar. The open pressure in positive direction is less than 250Pa while the leakage of reverse direction is almost zero. The strength of the valve is enough to withstand the reverse pressure level of more than 5 bar. The micro valve was used in a micropump as the flow direction control element. Almost all of its fabrication processes are compatible with IC processes.
At the meanwhile, the design and fabrication of polysilicon microvalve and single crystallite silicon microvalve are discussed in the same paper as contrast.
Numerical Simulation of Radiant Thermal Processing of Bilayer Microcantilevers
Authors: Tada Haruna , Miaoulis Ioannis N. , Wong Peter Y. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Multilayered thin-film structures in microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and other microscale devices affect the radiative properties of the structures due to microscale heat transfer effects, which include thin-film interference, diffraction, and scattering. The difference between the radiative properties of the wafer and those of the structures creates a non-uniform wafer temperature during radiant thermal processing. This temperature non-uniformity may lead to defects and non-uniform processing. This paper presents the results of a numerical investigation of the radiative properties of bilayer microcantilever beams consisting of SiO2 and Si3N4 layers, separated from a Si substrate by an air gap created by etching. The study focuses on the effects of changes in the absorptivity (α) and emissivity (ε) of the beams due to varying etching depth (η). The radiative Properties calculated with numerical models are used in a simulation of the radiant heating of patterned wafers, studying the effects of Pattern size and separation on the temperature uniformity of the wafer. For a beam with Si3N4 thickness of 2000 Å and SiO2 thickness of 5000 Å, the results show that the total absorptivity and emissivity are highly dependent on the etch depth (η) for values less than approximately 1.5 μm. For larger η, the radiative properties remain constant, approximately equal to those of the Si substrate. The temperature distributions for a patterned wafer become more uniform as the pattern size and spacing decrease. When the patterning size decrease for a given separation, the result is a better thermal interaction between the die and the wafer resulting in a smaller temperature gradient. This, however, creates a large temperature difference between the wafer patterning area and the outer edge region, which results in an increased temperature gradient along the wafer edge. These heat transfer effects should be taken into consideration when creating fabrication mask sets for radiant thermal processing to design a pattern layout that would hest avoid the problems caused by thermal gradients.
Viscous Effects in Supersonic MEMS-Fabricated Micronozzles
Authors: Bayt Robert L. , Breuer Kenneth S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A contoured converging-diverging micronozzle has been created for the acceleration of gas flows to supersonic velocities. Extruded two-dimensional devices, with minimum throat widths averaging 19 microns and 35 microns, are etched using deep reactive ion etching. Mass flow efficiencies through the nozzles range from 87% to 98% and are within experimental error to those predicted by a 2-D Navier-Stokes fluid simulation for Reynolds numbers 350–3800. The thrust of a 16.9 to 1 expansion ratio nozzle was measured to be 11.3 mN at 97 psia chamber pressure. This corresponds to an exit velocity of 590 m/s, which is Mach 3.8 for a chamber temperature of 300 K. Thrust efficiency is found to deviate considerably from the 2-D numerical model at low Reynolds numbers due to the development of sidewall boundary layers.
Silicon-Micromachined Vortex-Controlled Thrusters
Authors: Cho Changho , Kim Jongpal , Choi Byung-gwi , Kim Dongjoo , Choi Haecheon , Cho Dong-il Dan 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Vortex-controlled thrusters are silicon micromachined for the first time. Vortex thrusters are fluidic devices that convert a pressure signal into a flow or force signal. These micro-fluidic thrusters are micromachined on a 500 μm-thick silicon wafer. The vortex chamber and inlet ports are deep reactive ion etched to a 300 μm depth from the topside, and the output nozzle is deep reactive ion etched from the backside to a 200 μm depth. For a fixed vortex chamber radius and control port width, varying the output nozzle and supply port sizes are investigated. The maximum attainable thruster force at a 300 kPa supply pressure is 21.0 mN, which is a very large force for a microdevice.