bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pupil-linked arousal with very light exercise: pattern of pupil dilation during graded exercise
Authors: Kuwamizu Ryuta , Yamazaki Yudai , Aoike Naoki , Ochi Genta , Suwabe Kazuya , Soya Hideaki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough it has been hypothesized that moderate to vigorous exercise immediately modulates cognition via ascending arousal system activation, such activation during very-light to light exercise has remained uncertain. Here, we aimed to uncover the exact exercise intensity necessary for ascending arousal system activation using pupillometry. The pupil diameter, psychological arousal, and ventilation during graded exercise of 26 young males were analyzed based on %$${\dot{V}}_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2peak}}}$$

V
˙

O
2peak

. Pupils dilated with very-light exercise compared to rest, stabilized, and then drastically increased again with moderate exercise and above. Pupil dilation with very-light exercise was positively correlated with increases in psychological arousal. Thus, we have shown that there are two phases of pupil dilation during graded exercise: one with very-light exercise coinciding with psychological arousal response, and the other with moderate exercise or above similar to the ventilation increase pattern. This unique pupil dilation pattern provides physiological evidence of ascending arousal system activation with very-light exercise.
Long-term exercise training down-regulates m6A RNA demethylase FTO expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus: an effective intervention for epigenetic modification
Authors: Liu Shu-Jing , Cai Tong-Hui , Fang Chun-Lu , Lin Shao-Zhang , Yang Wen-Qi , Wei Yuan , Zhou Fu , Liu Ling , Luo Yuan , Guo Zi-Yi , Zhao Ge , Li Ya-Ping , Li Liang-Ming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Exercise boosts the health of some brain parts, such as the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Several studies show that long-term exercise improves spatial learning and memory, enhances hypothalamic leptin sensitivity, and regulates energy balance. However, the effect of exercise on the hippocampus and hypothalamus is not fully understood. The study aimed to find epigenetic modifications or changes in gene expression of the hippocampus and hypothalamus due to exercise.

Methods
Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sedentary and exercise groups. All mice in the exercise group were subjected to treadmill exercise 5 days per week for 1 h each day. After the 12-week exercise intervention, the hippocampus and hypothalamus tissue were used for RNA-sequencing or molecular biology experiments.

Results
In both groups, numerous differentially expressed genes of the hippocampus (up-regulated: 53, down-regulated: 49) and hypothalamus (up-regulated: 24, down-regulated: 40) were observed. In the exercise group, increased level of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) was observed in the hippocampus and hypothalamus (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) of the hippocampus and hypothalamus were down-regulated in the exercise group (p < 0.001). In addition, the Fto co-expression genes of the mouse brain were studied and analyzed using database to determine the potential roles of exercise-downregulated FTO in the brain.

Conclusion
The findings demonstrate that long-term exercise might elevates the levels of m6A-tagged transcripts in the hippocampus and hypothalamus via down-regulation of FTO. Hence, exercise might be an effective intervention for epigenetic modification.
Posttraumatic growth inventory: challenges with its validation among French cancer patients
Authors: Dubuy Yseulys , Sébille Véronique , Bourdon Marianne , Hardouin Jean-Benoit , Blanchin Myriam 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The Posttraumatic growth inventory (PTGI) aims to assess the positive psychological changes that individuals can perceive after a traumatic life event such as a cancer diagnosis. Several French translations of the PTGI have been proposed, but comprehensive data on their psychometric properties are lacking. This study aimed to provide a more complete assessment of the psychometric properties of one of the most used PTGI translations in early-stage breast cancer and melanoma patients.

Methods
A sample of 379 patients completed the PTGI two years after their cancer diagnosis. A confirmatory analysis was first performed to determine whether the initial five-factor structure of the PTGI was adequate for this French version. As issues were identified in the translation and in the questionnaire structure, we performed an exploratory analysis to determine the most suitable structure for this questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the evidenced structured were then assessed.

Results
The exploratory analysis evidenced a four-factor structure close to the initial structure: four of the five initial domains were recovered, and items from the unrecovered domain were split into the other domains. This new structure showed good internal consistency and acceptable validity.

Conclusions
This study highlights that the process of translation and cross-cultural validation of questionnaires is crucial to obtain valid and reliable psychometric instruments. We advise French psycho-oncology researchers and psychotherapists to (i) use the revised translation of Lelorain et al. (2010) proposed in this manuscript and (ii) use the four scores newly evidenced with a grouping of two response categories.
Sensitivity analyses for data missing at random versus missing not at random using latent growth modelling: a practical guide for randomised controlled trials
Authors: Staudt Andreas , Freyer-Adam Jennis , Ittermann Till , Meyer Christian , Bischof Gallus , John Ulrich , Baumann Sophie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Missing data are ubiquitous in randomised controlled trials. Although sensitivity analyses for different missing data mechanisms (missing at random vs. missing not at random) are widely recommended, they are rarely conducted in practice. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate sensitivity analyses for different assumptions regarding the missing data mechanism for randomised controlled trials using latent growth modelling (LGM).

Methods
Data from a randomised controlled brief alcohol intervention trial was used. The sample included 1646 adults (56% female; mean age = 31.0 years) from the general population who had received up to three individualized alcohol feedback letters or assessment-only. Follow-up interviews were conducted after 12 and 36 months via telephone. The main outcome for the analysis was change in alcohol use over time. A three-step LGM approach was used. First, evidence about the process that generated the missing data was accumulated by analysing the extent of missing values in both study conditions, missing data patterns, and baseline variables that predicted participation in the two follow-up assessments using logistic regression. Second, growth models were calculated to analyse intervention effects over time. These models assumed that data were missing at random and applied full-information maximum likelihood estimation. Third, the findings were safeguarded by incorporating model components to account for the possibility that data were missing not at random. For that purpose, Diggle-Kenward selection, Wu-Carroll shared parameter and pattern mixture models were implemented.

Results
Although the true data generating process remained unknown, the evidence was unequivocal: both the intervention and control group reduced their alcohol use over time, but no significant group differences emerged. There was no clear evidence for intervention efficacy, neither in the growth models that assumed the missing data to be at random nor those that assumed the missing data to be not at random.

Conclusion
The illustrated approach allows the assessment of how sensitive conclusions about the efficacy of an intervention are to different assumptions regarding the missing data mechanism. For researchers familiar with LGM, it is a valuable statistical supplement to safeguard their findings against the possibility of nonignorable missingness.

Trial registration
The PRINT trial was prospectively registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00014274, date of registration: 12th March 2018).
Barriers and facilitators for implementation of a digital referral algorithm for inflammatory arthritis - a qualitative assessment in patients and caregivers
Authors: van Delft Elke , Bos Ruben , Pennings Patricia , Hazes Mieke , Lopes Barreto Deirisa , Weel-Koenders Angelique 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Difficulty to recognize inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) in a primary care setting leads to late referral to secondary care. An evidence-based digital referral algorithm can support early referral, yet implementation in daily practice only succeeds with support of end users. We aim to understand the context of implementing a digital referral algorithm and explore the potential barriers and facilitators to implementation.

Methods
This qualitative study comprised focus groups and an online survey. Focus groups were performed with patients from outpatient rheumatology clinics. Surveys were sent out to general practitioners and rheumatologists distributed over The Netherlands. The presented digital referral algorithm originates from the JOINT referral study. Thematic analysis was used with inductive and deductive approaches.

Results
In total 26 patients participated distributed over three focus groups, and 215 caregivers (104 rheumatologists, 111 general practitioners) filled out the survey. Both patients and caregivers endorse the need for early referral, and recognize the perceived benefit of the digital algorithm. Potential barriers include the complexity of currently included questions, and the outcome lacking information on what to do with no risk of IRD. In order for implementation to be successful, the inclusivity, accessibility, content and outcome of the algorithm are considered important themes.

Conclusion
Successful implementation of a digital referral algorithm needs a systematic multi-facetted approach, considering the barriers and facilitators for implementation as discussed. Since the majority of identified barriers and facilitators was overlapping between all stakeholders, findings from this study can reliably inform further decision strategies for successful implementation.
Maternal mental health and breastfeeding amidst the Covid-19 pandemic: cross-sectional study in Catalonia (Spain)
Authors: Nicolás-López Marta , González-Álvarez Pablo , Sala de la Concepción Anna , Giralt-López Maria , Lorente Beatriz , Velasco Inés , Wichner Paula Sol Ventura , Ginovart Gemma 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Covid-19 pandemic became an unexpected stressor for the entire population and, particularly, for pregnant women and lactating mothers. The alarming infectious risk together with the lockdown period could affect the emotional state of mothers-to-be, as well as breastfeeding rates, mother-baby bonding, or neonatal weight gain. The aim of this study is to describe the impact of this world health emergency in mother-baby pairs right after the first wave of Sars-Cov-2 pandemic (from March to May 2020).

Study design
A prospective observational study was carried out in mother–child dyads from those women who gave birth between June and August 2020 in a tertiary hospital. 91 mother-baby pairs were initially enrolled and 56 of them completed the follow-up. The study design had two separate steps: i) Step one: A clinical interview plus three psychometric tests (EPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, PBQ: Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire and STAI-S: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory); ii) Step two: mother–child dyads were followed using a round of three brief telephone interviews (conducted at the newborn’s 7, 14 and 28 days of age) to accurately depict the newborn’s outcome in the neonatal period.

Results
In terms of maternal mental health, 25% of the sample screens positively in the EPDS, requiring further evaluation to rule out depressive symptoms. STAI-state and PBQ detect no abnormalities in either anxiety levels or mother–child bonding in our sample, as 100% of the mothers score below the cut-off points in each test (34 and 26 respectively). When comparing feeding practices (breast/bottle feeding) in 2020 to those practices during pre-pandemic years (2017–2019), a significant increase in breastfeeding was found in pandemic times. All newborns in the sample showed an adequate weight gain during their first month of life.

Conclusion
Women and newborns in our sample did not experience an increase in adverse outcomes in the neonatal period in terms of maternal mental health, breastfeeding rates, bonding and further neonatal development.
Women’s knowledge, attitudes and views of preconception health and intervention delivery methods: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Daly Michael P. , White James , Sanders Julia , Kipping Ruth R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Several preconception exposures have been associated with adverse pregnancy, birth and postpartum outcomes. However, few studies have investigated women’s knowledge of and attitudes towards preconception health, and the acceptability of potential intervention methods.

Methods
Seven primary care centres in the West of England posted questionnaires to 4330 female patients aged 18 to 48 years. Without providing examples, we asked women to list maternal preconception exposures that might affect infant and maternal outcomes, and assessed their knowledge of nine literature-derived risk factors. Attitudes towards preconception health (interest, intentions, self-efficacy and perceived awareness and importance) and the acceptability of intervention delivery methods were also assessed. Multivariable multilevel regression examined participant characteristics associated with these outcomes.

Results
Of those who received questionnaires, 835 (19.3%) responded. Women were most aware of the preconception risk factors of diet (86.0%) and physical activity (79.2%). Few were aware of weight (40.1%), folic acid (32.9%), abuse (6.3%), advanced age (5.9%) and interpregnancy intervals (0.2%), and none mentioned interpregnancy weight change or excess iron intake. After adjusting for demographic and reproductive covariates, women aged 18–24-years (compared to 40–48-year-olds) and nulligravid women were less aware of the benefit of preconception folic acid supplementation (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for age: 4.30 [2.10–8.80], gravidity: aOR 2.48 [1.70–3.62]). Younger women were more interested in learning more about preconception health (aOR 0.37 [0.21–0.63]) but nulligravid women were less interested in this (aOR 1.79 [1.30–2.46]). Women with the lowest household incomes (versus the highest) were less aware of preconception weight as a risk factor (aOR: 3.11 [1.65–5.84]) and rated the importance of preconception health lower (aOR 3.38 [1.90–6.00]). The most acceptable information delivery methods were websites/apps (99.5%), printed healthcare materials (98.6%), family/partners (96.3%), schools (94.4%), television (91.9%), pregnancy tests (91.0%) and doctors, midwives and nurses (86.8–97.0%). Dentists (23.9%) and hairdressers/beauticians (18.1%) were the least acceptable.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate a need to promote awareness of preconception risk factors and motivation for preconception health changes, particularly amongst younger and nulligravid women and women with lower incomes. Interventions to improve preconception health should focus on communication from healthcare professionals, schools, family members, and digital media.
Thin bronchoscopic cryobiopsy using a nasobronchial tube
Authors: Oki Masahide , Saka Hideo , Kogure Yoshihito , Niwa Hideyuki , Ishida Akane , Yamada Arisa , Torii Atsushi , Kitagawa Chiyoe 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy is useful when diagnosing lung lesions. However, prevention of associated bleeding complications is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of our novel bronchoscopic cryobiopsy technique, which uses a long nasobronchial tube to prevent blood flooding the central airway.

Methods
Patients with localized or diffuse lung lesions were prospectively enrolled and underwent cryobiopsy using a 1.9 mm diameter cryoprobe and a 4.0 mm diameter thin bronchoscope under conscious sedation. For cryobiopsy, a long silicone tube (inner diameter, 5.0 mm) was advanced through the nose to the target bronchus, then wedged to drain blood under thin-tube bronchoscopic control. The primary endpoint was the frequency of bleeding complications.

Results
Of the 80 patients initially enrolled, 73 that underwent at least one cryobiopsy were ultimately included. Mild bleeding during cryobiopsy occurred in 58 patients (79.5%), but there was no moderate or severe bleeding. Other complications occurred in four patients (two pneumothorax, one pneumomediastinum, and one pneumonia). Tube dislocation was noted in eight patients (11%). Cryobiopsy specimens were significantly larger than forceps biopsy specimens (9.0 mm2 vs. 2.7 mm2, P < .001) and allowed specific diagnoses in 50 patients (68.5%).

Conclusions
Thin bronchoscopic cryobiopsy using a nasobronchial tube in consciously sedated patients is safe and effective.
Trial registration Date of registration: 24/06/2019. UMIN-Clinical Trials Registry; Identifier: UMIN000037156 https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm
Atorvastatin lowers serum calcium levels in lithium-users: results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Soh Jocelyn Fotso , Bodenstein Katie , Yu Oriana Hoi Yun , Linnaranta Outi , Renaud Suzane , Mahdanian Artin , Su Chien-Lin , Mucsi Istvan , Mulsant Benoit , Herrmann Nathan , Rajji Tarek , Beaulieu Serge , Sekhon Harmehr , Rej Soham 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Although lithium is considered the gold-standard treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), it is associated with a variety of major endocrine and metabolic side effects, including parathyroid hormone (PTH) dependent hypercalcemia. Aside from surgery and medication discontinuation, there are limited treatments for hypercalcemia. This paper will assess data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of an RCT that explored the effects of atorvastatin (n = 27) versus placebo (n = 33) on lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) in patients with BD and major depressive disorder (MDD) using lithium (n = 60), over a 12-week period. This secondary analysis will explore serum calcium levels and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) measured at baseline, week 4, and week 12.

Results
At 12-weeks follow-up while adjusting results for baseline, linear regression analyses found that corrected serum calcium levels were significantly lower in the treatment group (mean (M) = 2.30 mmol/L, standard deviation (SD) = 0.07) compared to the placebo group (M = 2.33 mmol/L, SD = 0.07) (β = − 0.03 (95% C.I.; − 0.0662, − 0.0035), p = 0.03) for lithium users. There were no significant changes in TSH.

Conclusion
In lithium users with relatively normal calcium levels, receiving atorvastatin was associated with a decrease in serum calcium levels. Although exciting, this is a preliminary finding that needs further investigation with hypercalcemic patients. Future RCTs could examine whether atorvastatin can treat PTH dependent hypercalcemia due to lithium and other causes.
The effect of amine-free initiator system and polymerization type on long-term color stability of resin cements: an in-vitro study
Authors: Kavut İdris , Uğur Mehmet 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
This in vitro study evaluated the effect of amine-free initiator system and polymerization type on long-term color change of amine-free light-cure and dual-cure resin cements.

Methods
Sixty disk-shaped specimens (10 × 1 mm) were prepared from six different amine-free resin cements; NX3 Nexus light-cure (LC) and dual-cure (DC), Variolink Veneer (LC) and Variolink II (DC), Relyx Veneer (LC) and Rely X Ultimate (DC). A feldspathic porcelain specimen (12 × 14 × 0.8 mm) was obtained from a CAD/CAM block (Cerec Blocks; Sirona Dental Systems GmbH, Bensheim, Germany) for color testing. The feldspathic specimen was placed on the resin cement disk and all measurements were performed without cementation. A spectrophotometer was used for color measurements. Specimens were subjected to thermal aging (5 °C and 55 °C; 5000 and 20,000 cycles). Specific color coordinate differences (ΔL, Δa, and Δb) and the total color differences (ΔE00) were calculated after immersion in distilled water for different periods. Normality of data distribution was tested by using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Data were statistically in a model of repeated measures, using multivariate tests and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests at a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results
∆E00 values of resin cements were influenced by cycle periods, significantly (p < 0.05). The highest ΔE00 values for long term were obtained in the NX3 (DC) (3.49 ± 0.87) and the lowest in the NX3 (LC) (1.41 ± 0.81). NX3 (LC), Variolink (DC), RELY X (LC) resin cements showed clinically acceptable color change after long-term aging (∆E00 < 1.8).

Conclusion
Light-cure resin cements should be preferred for long-term color stability of full ceramic restorations.
Jordanian women’s (studying or working in medical fields) awareness in terms of the use of dental imaging during pregnancy
Authors: Oglat Ammar A. , Hasan Hanan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The anxiety among pregnant women about the imaging of teeth during pregnancy may have an adverse effect on the oral health of both the mother and the fetus too. This research study was conducted to evaluate women’s knowledge of the utilization of dental imaging during pregnancy.

Methods
In this research, structured questionnaires were distributed electronically through social media. The questionnaires contained questions focused on the women’s (studying or working in medical fields) awareness regarding the ionizing radiation protection that takes place during dental imaging, the safest period for dental imaging, the sort of radiographs that can be required, and the chance of radiation-induced malignant tumor and malformation of the fetal as a result of dental imaging.

Results
Overall, 984 participants completed questionnaires that were analyzed after being received. Most of the participants (n = 637; 64.7%) were < 30 years of age. The greater number of the participants (66.8%) had fair knowledge of dental imaging. 25.4% mentioned that pregnant women are able to do dental imaging during the first trimester. And approximately half of the participants thought that cone-beam computed tomography and panoramic images must not be carried out during pregnancy. Moreover, nearly the same percentage of them also believed that the risk of inborn malformation is high due to dental imaging.

Conclusions
The results refer to a low awareness among people who have medical knowledge regarding dental radiograph protection during pregnancy. This needs to be paid attention to among students, graduates, and workers in medical fields by focusing on the courses and lectures related to dental imaging protection during pregnancy.