bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial nutrient limitation in rhizosphere soils of different food crop families: Evidence from ecoenzymatic stoichiometry
Authors: Wang Xuelian , Gong Xiangwei , Li Xiangyu , Sun Sitong , Dang Ke , Feng Baili 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMicrobial metabolism directly participates in soil nutrient recycling and ecosystem stability. Although the rhizosphere soil is one of the most active habitats, information on how microorganisms acquire nutrients based on ecoenzymatic stoichiometry is lacking, especially for major food crops under field conditions. Thus, this study aimed to explore the soil nutrient properties and microbial biomass concentrations as well as extracellular enzymatic activities and focused on carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycling of different crop types, including potato (Solanaceae), maize (cereal), soybean (Leguminosae), and buckwheat (Polygonaceae) in the arid area of northern Shaanxi, China. Microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of four crops were subjected to relative C and N limitation tests based on ecoenzymatic activities. Among the crops, potato and soybean exhibited the maximum limitations. Linear regression analysis of soil nutrients, microorganisms (stoichiometric homeostasis), and threshold elemental ratio synthetically supported microbial metabolic limitations. This finding coincided with the highest and lowest microbial carbon use efficiencies in soybean (0.58) and potato (0.51), illustrating the distinguishing physiological responses of microbes. Partial least squares path modeling further confirmed that the soil microbial nutrient limitations were significantly regulated by soil nutrient properties and extracellular enzyme activities. Taken together, soil microbial metabolism in agricultural ecosystems was co‐limited by relative C and N regardless of the main food crop families in this region in China (northern Loess Plateau). These observations clarified the nutrient cycling driven by soil elemental stoichiometry at the root–soil interface in arid and oligotrophic ecosystems.
Optical Isolation with Optical Parametric Amplification in an Atomic System
Authors: Li Changbiao , Yu Qingsong , Zhang Yanpeng , Xiao Min , Zhang Zhaoyang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMagnet‐free active optical nonreciprocal (AON) devices free from insertion loss help to establish optical information processing networks involving weak signals without introducing external magnetic fields. However, considering the necessary resonant condition for amplification or the presence of optical resonators for most demonstrated magnet‐free AON schemes, it remains a challenge to broaden the AON bandwidth. Here the optical isolation based on optical parametric amplification is demonstrated experimentally in a coherent three‐level atomic configuration. With the phase‐matching condition satisfied or not by oppositely launching the probe beams, they can pass through the medium experiencing parametric amplification or strong resonant absorption. Such magnet‐ and cavity‐free optical isolation exhibits a maximum isolation ratio of 46.5 dB and a broad bandwidth of over 0.85 GHz for the isolation ratio ≥30 dB. The demonstrated results arising from atomic‐coherence‐based optical parametric process with quantum nature pave the way to achieve high‐performance nonreciprocal quantum information processing.
Band Alignment Engineering in ns2 Electrons Doped Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Han Kai , Qiao Jianwei , Zhang Shuai , Su Binbin , Lou Bibo , Ma Chong‐Geng , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLuminescent metal halide perovskites (MHPs) open new avenues for highly efficient radiation detection. To challenge the state‐of‐art technology, fundamental understanding of factors controlling radiation light yield of MHP scintillators is urgent. Herein, a design method is established by simultaneously considering charge‐transfer and recombination efficiencies via band alignment engineering in doped MHPs materials, and this strategy is corroborated experimentally and computationally by applying it to the luminescence of ns2 electron (Sb3+, Bi3+, and Te4+) doped vacancy‐ordered double perovskite Cs2ZrCl6. Alloying Te4+ into Cs2ZrCl6 is optimized and significantly improves the scintillation performance, including a twofold increase in light yield and a threefold increase in detection limit over pristine Cs2ZrCl6, and high‐resolution X‐ray imaging with 20 μm for 2D and 0.2 mm for 3D imaging. It is believed that doping engineering in MHPs enabling band alignment method holds great potential for the development of next‐generation MHP scintillators.
Analytical Solutions to Fundamental Questions for Lossy Mode Resonance
Authors: Zhao Wan‐Ming , Wang Qi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLossy mode resonance (LMR) is an optical resonance phenomenon developed in the past decade, which has been researched for sensors and filters due to its high sensitivity, low loss, and broad tunable range. As a novel technology, if an analytical mathematical model for some fundamental questions like how to design the resonance wavelength, surrounding sensitivity, resonance width, and resonance depth, it will be guiding significance to its development. Herein, this paper develops a generalized Fabry–Perot resonance theory for LMR, where the oblique incidence, cavity loss, and dispersion of substrate and cavity are comprehensively considered, and the consistency of this model and a more rigorous guided wave optics model have been verified. Then, analytical mathematical models are established and analyzed, and the designing criterion for LMR‐based optical devices is proposed. After intensive reviewing the work of predecessors, the previous experimental results are consistent with the prediction of this model, and this model can also provide some new ideas that have not been researched yet. As an assistant to wave optics theory, this paper provides a second perspective to understand LMR phenomenon, and it is hoped the analytical solutions for LMR can be a guide for designing optical devices.
Corrosion behavior of novel Fe–Cr–B alloys containing high Cr content in molten aluminum
Authors: Yang Xin , Chen Weiping , Fu Zhiqiang , Li Shanqing , Ling Zicheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMaterials applied in the aluminum processing industry commonly suffer harsh corrosion on account of the high aggressivity of molten aluminum. Fe–Cr–B alloys have shown outstanding corrosion resistance to molten aluminum due to the presence of Cr‐rich borides displaying high stability. Accordingly, three Fe–Cr–B alloys with high Cr contents (20.6, 28.7, and 36.6 wt%) were fabricated in this study. As the Cr content increased from 20.6 to 36.6 wt%, the (Cr,Fe)2B borides ultimately transformed into Cr2B borides. A corrosion test was carried out in molten aluminum at three temperatures (700°C, 750°C, and 800°C) for 4 h and the volume losses of the studied alloys were measured to estimate their corrosion resistance. The Fe–Cr–B alloy with 28.73 wt% Cr exhibited the finest corrosion resistance among the three studied Fe–Cr–B alloys on account of enhancing the corrosion resistance of the Fe matrix by solution mechanism as well as maintaining the generation of periodical layered structures in its corrosion interface. In addition, as the test temperature expanded, the volume loss of Fe–Cr–B alloys stepped up slowly, whereas that of H13 tended to increase drastically.
Influence of processing method of CoCrMo dental alloy on the corrosion behavior in artificial saliva
Authors: Pontes Joana R. , Toptan Fatih , Pinto Ana M. P. , Ariza Edith , Alves Alexandra C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRemovable or fixed dental frameworks are usually made of CoCr alloys. The CoCr dental alloys are produced traditionally by lost‐wax casting. However, alternative processing routes, such as hot‐pressing, are being studied for dental applications. The purpose of the present work was to assess the corrosion resistance of CoCrMo dental alloy produced by conventional lost‐wax casting and hot‐pressing. The corrosion behavior was studied in artificial saliva at 37°C by potentiodynamic polarisation tests. Immersion tests were performed to evaluate the growth of the passive film where electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used at different immersion periods. Results showed slightly better corrosion resistance in terms of ipass for CoCrMo samples obtained by hot‐pressing. On the other hand, the immersion tests showed a more stable and thicker passive film formed on hot‐pressed CoCrMo dental alloy, pointing out that hot‐pressing may be considered a promising technique to produce CoCrMo dental structures.
Analysis of Permeation of Low‐Molecular‐Weight Hydrocarbons through Polyolefins for Testing of a New Developed Method
Authors: Berger Katrin , Riess Gisbert 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn onshore oil and gas industries polymers are considered as a potential pipe material. One special aspect in this field of application is the resistance of the material against the permeation of low‐molecular‐weight hydrocarbons. These small molecules may permeate through the material and cause environmental problems. In this contribution, the main influencing parameters on the permeation process of low‐molecular‐weight hydrocarbons through hig‐density polyethylene (HDPE a) re investigated by gravimetric analysis. To bypass the limitations of this well‐established method a new measuring method based on gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS) techniques is developed. The main advantages of the newly developed system are demonstrated by test measurements of filled polyethylene (PE) pipes. The comparison of the calculated permeation rates of the tested hydrocarbons using both measuring methods showed a good accordance of the results.
Ionic Liquid Facilitated Solvent‐Phase Polymerization of Ultrasmooth Coatings of Polycatecholamines
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Mason Thomas G. , Lu Zhenzhen , Teo Boon Mia , Freeman Benny D. , Izgorodina Ekaterina I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMussel‐inspired polycatecholamine coatings and films have proven to be versatile materials for surface modification. However, the progress of chemically modified coatings with tailored properties has been slow due to the lack of definitive evidence of their polymeric structure. Polycatecholamines form aggregates during polymerization, and their formation mechanism has been a subject of debate owing to their insolubility in traditional molecular solvents. Exploiting the capability of ionic liquids (ILs) to exhibit strong electrostatic interactions, herein, the first solution‐phase polymerization approach is reported to achieve polymerization of four catecholamines – dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA), and adrenaline (AD). Kinetic control over the polymerization process in the solution phase enabled it to follow the process with 1H NMR spectroscopy, revealing the formation of structural features of resulting complex heterogeneous and soluble polymers. The polymers are both covalent and associative in nature. Solution phase polymerization prevented the formation of large aggregates in the solution, thus facilitating the formation of coatings that are ultra‐smooth and have root mean square roughness of the order of sub‐nm to nm scale.
High‐Performance Vitrimeric Benzoxazines for Sustainable Advanced Materials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications
Authors: Anagwu Festus Ifeanyi , Thakur Vijay Kumar , Skordos Alex A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolybenzoxazines are high‐performance materials capable of replacing conventional thermosets such as phenolics, epoxies, and bismaleimides in composites manufacturing due to their excellent thermomechanical and chemical behavior. Their versatility and compatibility with biobased precursors make them an attractive option as composite matrices. Like other thermosets, polybenzoxazines are not recyclable and cannot be reprocessed. Incorporating dynamic bonds in benzoxazine monomers can produce vitrimeric polybenzoxazines, which can potentially overcome this limitation and can be tuned to exhibit smart functionalities such as self‐healing and shape memory. Dynamic bond exchange mechanisms for vitrimer development such as transesterification, imine bond, disulfide exchange, transamination, transcarbamoylation, transalkylation, olefin metathesis, transcarbonation, siloxane‐silanol exchange, boronic ester, silyl ether exchange, and dioxaborolane metathesis are potentially applicable to benzoxazine chemistry, with disulfide bond and transesterification having successfully vitrimerized benzoxazines with topological transitions at −8.5 and 88 °C, respectively. Benzoxazine vitrimers featuring glass transitions of 193, 224, and 222–236 °C are now known. These place polybenzoxazines at the forefront of the development of reprocessable and recyclable thermosetting polymers and composite matrices.
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of C=N Linked Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhang Yushu , Mao Tianhui , Hao Liqin , Sun Tiankai , Wang Tonghai , Cheng Peng , Chen Yao , Wang Zhifang , Zhang Zhenjie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of porous crystalline polymers with well‐defined structures and tunable functionalities, which have fascinating applications in a wide range of fields. However, the synthetic procedures of COFs are mainly confined to the solvothermal synthesis method which usually requires harsh experimental conditions. In this work, an effective solvent‐free synthesis method to construct a series of two‐dimensional (2D) COFs including imine‐linked, azine‐linked, β‐ketoenamine‐linked, which avoids the complicated solvent screening process and most of the disadvantages of solvothermal methods is developed. The crystallinity and porosity of these COFs are comparable to those prepared by traditional solvothermal routes. What's more, the advantages of the solvent‐free method enable the production of gram‐scale of those 2D COFs through a one‐pot reaction, demonstrating high industrial application potentials.
Predicting older‐donor kidneys' post‐transplant renal function using pre‐transplant data
Authors: Martin Paola , Gupta Diwakar , Pruett Timothy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper provides a methodology for predicting post‐transplant kidney function, that is, the 1‐year post‐transplant estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR‐1) for each donor‐candidate pair. We apply customized machine‐learning algorithms to pre‐transplant donor and recipient data to determine the probability of achieving an eGFR‐1 of at least 30 ml/min. This threshold was chosen because there is insufficient survival benefit if the kidney fails to generate an eGFR‐1 ≥ 30 ml/min. For some donor‐candidate pairs, the developed algorithm provides highly accurate predictions. For others, limitations of previous transplants' data results in noisier predictions. However, because the same kidney is offered to many candidates, we identify those pairs for whom the predictions are highly accurate. Out of 6977 discarded older‐donor kidneys that were a match with at least one transplanted kidney, 5282 had one or more identified candidate, who were offered that kidney, did not accept any other offer, and would have had ≥80% chance of achieving eGFR‐1 ≥ 30 ml/min, had the kidney been transplanted. We also show that transplants with ≥80% chance of achieving eGFR‐1 ≥ 30 ml/min and that survive 1 year have higher 10‐year death‐censored graft survival probabilities than all older‐donor transplants that survive 1 year (73.61% vs. 70.48%, respectively).
The roles of newborn anthropometrics in the association between maternal weight gain and childhood cardiovascular risks
Authors: He Yuanying , Yuen Lai Yuk , Ma Ronald Ching Wan , Catalano Patrick M. , Tam Wing Hung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to study the association between newborn anthropometrics and childhood cardiovascular risks and whether newborn anthropometrics mediate the effect of maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) on childhood risks.MethodsData of 926 mother–child dyads from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes study were analyzed. Newborn anthropometrics were treated as predictors and mediators by using a regression model and causal mediation model, respectively.ResultsNewborn sum of skinfolds (SSF) was associated with childhood diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse wave velocity (coefficients [95% CI]: 0.13 [0.06 to 0.20]; 0.08 [0.004 to 0.15]), whereas newborn ponderal index (PI) was inversely associated with childhood systolic blood pressure (SBP), DBP, and pulse wave velocity (−0.08 [−0.15 to −0.01]; −0.08 [−0.14 to −0.008]; −0.09 [−0.16 to −0.03]). Newborn SSF mediated the effects of maternal excessive GWG on childhood SSF and DBP (proportion of total effect 9% and 8%, respectively). In contrast, a significant negative mediation through newborn PI was found for the effect of maternal excessive GWG on childhood DBP (−8%) and its effect on childhood SBP through birth weight (−27%).ConclusionsChildhood cardiovascular risks are positively associated with newborn SSF but inversely associated with newborn PI. Newborn SSF mediates the impact of excessive maternal GWG on childhood BP, but birth weight and newborn PI negatively mediate it.
Compressive behavior of Habesha eggshell particulate reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Gossaye Kalkidan , Shahapurkar Kiran , Chenrayan Venkatesh , Alarifi Ibrahim M. , Tirth Vineet , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M. , Algahtani Ali , Alghtani Abdulaziz H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEnvironmental pollution has become one of the major challenges to overcome in recent decades. Disposing waste materials has caused great concern by creating a landfill burden and increased environmental pollution. Utilizing or recycling wastes is one of the approaches considered that could bring positive environmental and economic benefits. Eggshells are among the understated waste materials that have great potential to impact the material world. In the present work, Habesha eggshells native to Ethiopia are utilized to prepare epoxy based composites. Five types of composites by varying the Habesha eggshell content (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 vol%) are investigated. Physical characterization in terms of density and void content estimations, and eggshell particle size analysis are carried out. Mechanical characterization in terms of normal and quasi‐static compression tests are performed. Results infer the density of eggshell particles to increase with increasing eggshell content, while quasi‐static compression tests infer that modulus and strength of eggshell/epoxy composites are sensitive to variations in the strain rate. However, irrespective of the strain rates, all the eggshell/epoxy composites depict higher modulus as compared with neat epoxy specimens. At 1.43, 0.1, and 0.001 strain rates, increase in modulus of composites are in the range of 17%–57%, 3%–107%, 30%–114%, respectively. Further, compressive yield strength of all the Habesha eggshell/epoxy composites is low compared with epoxy specimens for all the strain rates investigated. Scanning electron micrographs of test specimens for different loading conditions reveal reinforcing egg shell particles assists in absorbing the loading effectively.
Quality marker prediction in Trillium tschonoskii based on UHPLC–MS chemical characterisation and network pharmacology
Authors: Wang Zhixin , Fu Rao , Zhu Na , Wang Junqi , Zhang Xiaorui , Huang Xiulan , Li Zhiyong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionAs a folk herbal medicine, Trillium tschonoskii has been used for thousands of years. However, due to the complexity of the chemical constituents of this herb, few investigations have acquired a comprehensive understanding of its quality markers.ObjectiveThis study was conducted to characterise the chemical composition of T. tschonoskii and identify its potential quality markers.Material and methodsA systematic analytical method based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS) was used to characterise the constituents of T. tschonoskii. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to investigate the chemical differences between different tissues, as well as the relationship between chemical compositions and habitats. The potential quality markers were predicted via network pharmacology and molecular docking, then confirmed by cellular assays.ResultsA total of 77 compounds were co‐isolated and identified, and among them, 26 were discovered from the genus Trillium for the first time. Ten batches of roots/rhizomes were explicitly clustered into five groups according to the climate types of the habitats, and the clusters of the fruits and roots/rhizomes from the same plants were independent due to the significant difference in chemical composition. Diosgenin had a good docking affinity with the relevant targets within the IL‐17 pathway and cytokine pathway and could significantly inhibit TNF‐α expression in hypoxic brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs).ConclusionThis is the first study to establish the chemical composition profile of T. tschonoskii by UHPLC–MS systematically, and diosgenin was confirmed to be a potential quality marker of T. tschonoskii for the treatment of headaches.
Achieving 23.83% conversion efficiency in silicon heterojunction solar cell with ultra‐thin MoOx hole collector layer via tailoring (i)a‐Si:H/MoOx interface
Authors: Cao Liqi , Procel Paul , Alcañiz Alba , Yan Jin , Tichelaar Frans , Özkol Engin , Zhao Yifeng , Han Can , Yang Guangtao , Yao Zhirong , Zeman Miro , Santbergen Rudi , Mazzarella Luana , Isabella Olindo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThin films of transition metal oxides such as molybdenum oxide (MoOx) are attractive for application in silicon heterojunction solar cells for their potential to yield large short‐circuit current density. However, full control of electrical properties of thin MoOx layers must be mastered to obtain an efficient hole collector. Here, we show that the key to control the MoOx layer quality is the interface between the MoOx and the hydrogenated intrinsic amorphous silicon passivation layer underneath. By means of ab initio modelling, we demonstrate a dipole at such interface and study its minimization in terms of work function variation to enable high performance hole transport. We apply this knowledge to experimentally tailor the oxygen content in MoOx by plasma treatments (PTs). PTs act as a barrier to oxygen diffusion/reaction and result in optimal electrical properties of the MoOx hole collector. With this approach, we can thin down the MoOx thickness to 1.7 nm and demonstrate short‐circuit current density well above 40 mA/cm2 and a champion device exhibiting 23.83% conversion efficiency.