bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning Interpretable Microscopic Features of Tumor by Multi-task Adversarial CNNs Improves Generalization
Authors: Graziani Mara , Otalora Sebastian , Marchand-Maillet Stéphane , Müller Henning , Andrearczyk Vincent 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Adopting Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in the daily routine of pathological diagnosis requires not only near-perfect precision, but also sufficient generalization to data shifts and transparency. Existing CNN models act as black boxes, not ensuring to the physicians that important diagnostic features are used by the model. Building on top of successfully existing techniques such as multi-task learning, domain adversarial training and concept-based interpretability, we address the challenge of introducing diagnostic factors in the training objectives. Our architecture, by learning end-to-end an uncertainty-based weighting combination of multi-task and adversarial losses, is encouraged to focus on pathology features such as density and pleomorphism of nuclei, e.g. variations in size and appearance, while discarding misleading features such as staining differences. Our results on breast lymph node tissue show significantly improved generalization in the detection of tumorous tissue, with best average AUC 0.89 (0.01) against the baseline AUC 0.86 (0.005). By applying the interpretability technique of linearly probing intermediate representations, we also demonstrate that interpretable pathology features such as nuclei density are learned by the proposed CNN architecture, confirming the increased transparency of this model. This result is a starting point towards building interpretable multi-task architectures that are robust to data heterogeneity. Our code is available at https://bit.ly/356yQ2u.
Challenges in stafng of TB services with phthisiologists
Authors: Vasilyeva I. A. , Sterlikov S. A. , Parolina L. E. , Testov V. V. , Gordina A. V. , Doktorova N. P. 
Published: July 2022

In order to understand problems, resources, and ways of improving TB epidemic situation, it is important to analyze stafng of TB Services.Subjects and Methods. The number of phthisiologists, full-time and employed positions of phthisiologists in 2011-2020 was assessed based of Federal Statistical Surveillance Form no. 30, and for the period of 2005-2014, Form no. 17 was additionally used. The number of phthisiologists was calculated as the ratio of the number of phthisiologists (Form no. 30) to the population at the end of the reporting year multiplied by 10,000. The physician workforce capacity was additionally analyzed based on audit reports of on-site visits in 10 regions of the Russian Federation (RF) in 2021.Results. As of late 2020, the stafng level with physical persons amounted to 52.5%, the shortage of personnel was more than 4,000 phthisiologists. The provision of the population with phthisiologists ranged from 0.49 (2014) to 0.47 per 10,000 population (2020). In 2011-2020, the coefcient of part-time employment varied from 1.6 to 1.7, exceeding the regulatory value (no more than 1.5) but for 2019. The sampling analysis in 10 regions of the Russian Federation demonstrated that the proportion of phthisiologists of retirement age among physicians was 37.2%. In 2011-2020, the number of tuberculosis patients per one phthisiologist position decreased from 19.0 to 7.8, the number of patients with multiple drug resistant tuberculosis - from 2.7 to 2.1. There is a significant decrease in the number of staﬀ positions and occupied positions of phthisiologists providing medical care in out-patient settings (by 14.0%), while the number of phthisiologists in in-patient facilities remained the same.Conclusion. Challenges in stafng of TB Services are as follows: shortage of personnel, high level of phthisiologists working part-time, insufcient stafng of out-patient and polyclinic services, high proportion of physicians of pre-retirement and retirement age and insufcient level of professional competence of young specialists.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) coverage and practices of children from five public primary schools in Guinea
Authors: Bah Alseny , Diallo Alhassane 1 , Bah Alhassane , Li Feihu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) coverage and practices in and out of primary schools are crucial to the well-being of children. Using a questionnaire analysis method, this study focuses on the WASH coverage and practices of children from five public primary schools in the city of N'Zerekore, the second-largest city in Guinea. Our results reveal that the WASH coverage and practices in all five schools are inadequate. Our data indicated that 100% (n=1,048) of pupils don't wash their hands with soap after defecation in school, and over 87.9% (n=922) of students do not wash their hands before eating. The poor WASH coverage, inadequate hygiene practices, and other activities and/or causes result in a higher incidence of diseases among children, such as malaria, typhoid, and diarrhea. Some effective interventions, including the provision of clean water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure, and widespread and effective health education, should be implemented to address these health issues among young African students.
A seasonal ARIMA model based on the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) for runoff prediction
Authors: Zhang Xianqi , Wu Xilong , Zhu Guoyu , Lu Xiaobin , Wang Kai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The prediction of river runoff is crucial for flood forecasting, agricultural irrigation and hydroelectric power generation. A coupled runoff prediction model based on the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) and the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model is proposed to address the non-linear and seasonal features of runoff data. The GSA has a significant local optimisation capability, while the SARIMA model allows for real-time adjustment of the model using historical data and is suitable for analysing time series with seasonal variations. Consequently, the GSA-SARIMA model was developed and applied to the runoff prediction of the Xianyang section of the Wei River. The results suggest that the GSA-SARIMA model achieves a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9351, a Nash efficiency coefficient of 0.91, a mean relative error of 6.57 and a root mean square error of 0.21. All of the evaluation indicators of this model outperform the other models developed, and its application to actual runoff prediction is feasible, which creates a new path for runoff prediction.
HIGHLIGHTS
The Mann-Kendall trend test is applied to ascertain the separation point between the training and prediction datasets. It avoids too little data in the test set, while effectively improving the generalisation of the model. The SARIMA model is an improvement on the ARIMA model and allows for convenient real-time adjustment of the model. The GSA algorithm is applicable to parameter search optimization of the model and has great global search capability.
Wet Air Oxidation of Phenol on Oxides of Fe(III), Mn(IV), Ti(IV) and
Goethite
Authors: Baruah Gitali , Hazarika Linton , Shah Kishor K. , Bhattacharyya Krishna G. 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Phenol and its derivatives exist in water bodies due to the discharge of polluted wastewater from industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities into water bodies. Various industries like pharmaceutical, petrochemical and coal processing industries discharge phenolic compounds into water bodies. Phenol and substituted phenols are quite toxic to humans.

Objective:
Oxidative destruction of phenol in water were carried out at ambient temperature by using laboratory-synthesized goethite and commercial Fe2O3, TiO2, and MnO2 as catalysts in the presence and in the absence of H2O2.

Methods:
The reactions were carried out in a batch reactor in 100 mL conical flasks. After mixing the reactants (Phenol and H2O2) and the catalyst in appropriate amounts, the flasks were capped and the contents were agitated in a water bath shaker (NSW, India) at a constant temperature of 300 K for a predetermined time interval.

Results:
The results have been characterized in terms of percentage destruction of the Phenol. The catalyst Goethite was able to bring about 15.8 to 23.5% destruction as the reactant-H2O2 mole ratio was increased from 1:1 to 1:20 with a fixed catalyst load of 0.2 gL-1. The total conversion of phenol increases smoothly with an increase in the reaction time from 60 to 300 min in all cases except Fe2O3, in which case the reaction does not advance after 60 min. Interestingly, the catalyst MnO2, brings about 94.4 % oxidative conversion of phenol with the same loading in the absence of H2O2, i.e., in wet air oxidation. It is also found that 1:1 mixture of MnO2 + TiO2 gives 100 % conversion for a catalyst load of ≥ 6 gL-1 in absence of H2O2.

Conclusion:
It is found that phenol could be completely oxidized to harmless end products at room temperature. For this purpose, MnO2 has been found to be the most active catalyst among the ones tested whether H2O2 is present or not in the reaction mixture. The three oxides Fe2O3, goethite and TiO2 can perform better only in the presence of H2O2.
The Impact of Temperament and Character on Treatment Compliance of Opioid Agonists
Authors: Haghshenas Mandana , Soraya Shiva , Seddigh Ruohollah , Hadi Fatemeh , Shahsavaripour Behnoosh , Saeidi Mahdieh , Mohammadi Mahtab , Salehifar Hanieh 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Opioid agonist treatment, as the most effective treatment for opioid dependency, requires patient adherence for its effectiveness over the long run. Previous studies on psychiatric and non- psychiatric patients indicated that the patient`s temperament has had effect on their treatment compliance. Some studies on different types of addiction have attributed special temperament and character traits to these patients.

Introduction:
This study aims to investigate the impact of temperament and characteristics on opioid treatment compliance. In this study, the relationship between demographic variables, type of medication therapy, and temperament and characteristics scales of patients against opioid agonists therapy compliance was examined

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 150 patients who had initiated the course of opioid agonist maintenance therapy underwent TCI 125-item test and were followed-up for 2 months regarding compliance. The data were inputted into SPSS 24. K-S and Mann-Whitney U tests were employed to explore the relationship between quantitative and qualitative variables, while for examining the relationship between qualitative variables with each other, Chi-square test was utilized. The significance level in the tests was considered p<0.05.

Result:
The treatment compliance in this study was 67.2%. In patients who did not have treatment compliance, scores of novelty-seeking (16.7±7versus11.7±4, p<0.001), harm avoidance (16.5±5versus 11.8±5, p<0.0001), reward dependence (12.4±3 versus 10.2±3, p=0.005) and self-transcendence (10.6±2 versus 8.7±2 p=0.002) were higher, but in those who had suitable treatment compliance, scores of persistence (3.5±1 versus 2.3±1, p=0.004) and cooperativeness (17.6±3 versus14.8±4, p=0.004) were higher. Further, some temperament traits were different among patients undergoing treatment with buprenorphine versus methadone (scores of persistence, self-directedness and self-transcendence were higher in the group receiving buprenorphine, while scores of harm avoidance and cooperativeness were higher in the group under methadone treatment). There was also a significant relationship between gender (good compliance: female 100%, male 65%, poor compliance female 0%, male 35%; p=0.04), level of education (higher), as well as type of medication (buprenorphine) and treatment compliance.

Conclusion:
The results of this study can help to identify high-risk individuals for withdrawing opioid addiction. These people can be a target for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to have their personality traits modified. Investigation of the effect of performing these interventions on treatment compliance can be a subject of future study in this area. Also while there are differences in personality characteristics among cultures, this study investigated Iranian culture more precisely.
Força de preensão manual em idosos institucionalizados com doenças osteoarticulares
Authors: Garbin Karina , Ribeiro Dáfne dos Santos , Jorge Matheus Santos Gomes , Doring Marlene , Portella Marilene Rodrigues , Wibelinger Lia Mara 
Published: July 2022

A prevalência de doenças crônicas de caráter osteoarticular aumenta conforme o avanço da idade, tais como o reumatismo e a osteoporose, especialmente nas instituições de longa permanência. Essas complicações musculoesqueléticas podem causar impacto sobre a força de preensão manual dos indivíduos e, por consequência, sobre sua capacidade funcional, independência e qualidade de vida. O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar a força de preensão manual de idosos institucionalizados com doenças osteoarticulares. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, de natureza descritiva e exploratória, realizado em instituições de longa permanência de Passo Fundo (RS) no período de 2016 a 2018. A amostra foi composta de 68 residentes, avaliados quanto às variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde (registros médicos), à condição cognitiva (miniexame de estado mental), à capacidade funcional (índice Katz) e à força de preensão manual (dinamometria manual). A análise utilizou a estatística descritiva, o teste t de Student de amostras pareadas e o teste t Student de amostras independentes (p ≤ 0,05). Os idosos apresentaram força de preensão palmar máxima de 6,60 kg ± 5,88 kg (mão direita: 6,02 kg ± 5,78 kg; mão esquerda: 4,50 kg ± 4,47 kg; p = 0,046). Os menores valores de força de preensão manual foram observados nos indivíduos do sexo feminino (força de preensão máxima e bilateral), com declínio cognitivo (força de preensão máxima e na mão direita) ou com dependência grave (força de preensão na mão esquerda) (p ≤ 0,05). Foi identificado que idosos institucionalizados com doenças osteoarticulares apresentam valores de força de preensão manual muito abaixo do esperado, principalmente idosos do sexo feminino, com declínio cognitivo ou com dependência funcional grave.
INCLUSÃO SOCIAL DO ENSINO-APRENDIZADO PELAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DA EDUCAÇÃO E AS MODALIDADES DE ENSINO EM TEMPOS DA COVID 19.
Authors: Gil Vicente José , De Souza Pierre André 
Published: July 2022

Em tempos de inconstância no panorama político, econômico, social e educacional, agravada pela pandemia da Covid-19 lutar por direitos a educação e saúde para todas e todos constitui de forma abnegada uma forma de resistência. Nesse sentido, este trabalho analisa, de forma reflexiva, a inclusão social do Ensino-aprendizado pelas Tecnologias Digitais da Educação e as Modalidades de Ensino em tempos da covid-19. Tem como objetivo realizar algumas reflexões sobre as contribuições de alguns estudiosos na área da educação e saúde. A abordagem é qualitativa. Em termos metodológicos o estudo adotou o método empírico descritivo combinado com o método compreensivo. Acredita-se que esse ensaio possa colaborar para uma análise e discussão séria relativa à elaboração de programas e novas estratégias para o entendimento das Políticas da educação e saúde no contexto das doenças terrivelmente endêmicas.
Palavra - chaves: Educação inclusiva. Ensino-aprendizado. Tecnologias digitais.
CONSELHO SUPERIOR DO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO DE PORTUGAL E AS DECISÕES DISCIPLINARES:
Authors: Hisae Monteiro da Silva Hagino Cora , De Castro dos Santos Juliana , Alexia Fusco Teixeira Ferreira Jullia 
Published: July 2022

O presente artigo propõe realizar uma análise acerca da função, estrutura e composição do Conselho Superior do Ministério Público (CSMP) português e seus mecanismos de accountability. Com enfoque nas sanções impostas a seus membros através de decisões disciplinares durante o período de 2016 até 2020. Este estudo justifica-se porque, embora o Ministério Público exerça uma função fiscalizadora, é o órgão do sistema judicial que menos disponibiliza dados sobre suas atividades, razão pela qual trata-se de um objeto pouco explorado. Metodologicamente esta investigação se enquadra no institucionalismo e utiliza o método quantitativo e qualitativo, usando de fontes primárias e secundárias, bem como de dados do CSMP, caracterizando-se como uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva. Como resultado podemos apontar a pouca transparência do órgão acerca da punição das decisões disciplinares e punições brandas.
Palavras-chave: Ministério Público. Promotores. Sanções disciplinares.
Analisis Buku Tematik II Kelas III Kurikulum 2013 Menyayangi Tumbuhan dan Hewan untuk Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21
Authors: Syahrial Andari Amalia 
Published: July 2022

Penelititan ini dilatar belakangi dari perspektif Pujiriyanto (2019) mengenai teori pendidikan dan tuntutan pelaksanaan pembelajaran sesuai dengan abad ke-21. Proses pelaksanaan pendidikan harus selalu dinamis, yaitu selalu menyesuaikan model-model dan kegiatan pembelajaran dengan bermacam-macam karakteristik siswa yang hidup pada zamannya, atau yang dikenal dengan generasi milenial (z) pada masa kini. Sedangkan majoritas para guru di Indonesia hanya mengandalkan kegiatan pembelajaran yang tersedia di dalam buku tematik yang disediakan pemerintah untuk mengimplementasikan Kurikulum Tahun 2013.
Berkaitan dengan karakteristik siswa pada abad ke-21 ini telah banyak dibicarakan oleh pakar pendidikan, siswa abad ke-21 ini memiliki karakteristik sangat berbeda dengan karakteristik guru mereka yang juga menjadi siswa jauh sebelum menjadi guru. Oleh karena itulah penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa kegiatan pembelajaran pada Buku Tematik II Kelas III “Menyayangi Tumbuhan dan Hewan” dengan Menggunakan Karakteristik Pembelajaran Abad Ke-21.
Jenis pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis isi kualitatif (qualitative content analysis). Data dari penelitian adalah kegiatan pembelajaran berkarakteristik abad ke-21 yang ditemukan dari buku guru dan buku siswa pada Buku Tematik II Kelas III “Menyayangi Tumbuhan dan Hewan.”
Dari hasil analisis penelitian, dapat disimpulkan Buku Tematik Terpadu Kurikulum 2013, Kelas III, Tema 2: Menyayangi Tumbuhan dan Hewan, terbitan Kemendikbud Indonesia, tidak lagi memenuhi karakteristik peserta didik abad ke-21 dan tidak dapat digunakan sebagai sumber belajar yang efektif yang memfasilitasi siswa untuk mencapai tujuan pemebelajaran, baik dari segi keilmuan, sikap dan keterampilan, walaupun beberapa indikator masih terlihat relevan.
Clinical aspects of diarrhea during the pandemia of COVID-19
Authors: Khokhlova Z. A. , Gileva R. A. , Sereda T. V. , Zhilina N. M. , Keller A. A. , Karpova V. N. 
Published: July 2022

The aim. To investigate the clinical peculiarities of adult patients with diarrheal syndrome, associated with coronavirus infection COVID-19.The materials and methods. There has been carried out the analysis of 56 patients aged 26-81 years, hospitalized with acute enteric infection at the Municipal Infectious Diseases Hospital №8 (not reprofiled as hospital for the treatment of coronavirus infection COVID-19 patients) in the course of August 2020 – February 2021 and the patients with cause-effect relationship with COVID-19. There have been used the routine diagnostic methods, the analysis of feces for causative agents of diarrhea was tested by the methods of bacteriological and immunoenzymatic analysis, the analysis of feces for toxins A and B Clostridium difficile was tested method of immunochromatographic assay; the blood serum was tested by method of immunoenzymatic analysis and the analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs was tested by immunochromatographic assay and PCR test for markers SARS-COV-2. The statistical material treatment has been done using Statistical Package of IBM SPSS Statistics-22.The results. There have been registered 51,8% of cases – diarrhea as one of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in adult patients (the first group of patients), in 48,2% of cases – diarrhea as a result of recently treated COVID-19 and a massive course of antibiotics (the second group of patients). In the second group 12 patients have been diagnosed with clostridial infection, 15 patients – with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. There has been registered the main severity of clinical manifestations in patients with clostridial infection. The disease being characterized by severity of colitis syndrome, the blood sedimentation rate increasing, hyperleukocytosis in haemogram, hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. The aggravating factors are combined comorbidity and patients aged over 55 years.The conclusion. There should be used the differential approach for diarrheal syndrome in patients with coronavirus infection. Taking into account the massive course antibiotics’ side effects, the analysis of feces for pathogenic flora must be included into the medical examinations such as Clostridium difficile and the course of probiotic and anticlostridial medicines should be done.
Private Pre-Decision Information and the Pay–Performance Relation
Authors: Göx Robert F. , Michaeli Beatrice 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
We study how the precision of managers’ private post-contract pre-decision information affects the pay–performance relation. Endogenizing the information environment, we find that firms may optimally tie executive pay closer to firm performance as agency problems become more pronounced. Specifically, varying parameters measuring the severity of the agency problem, we identify parameter regions where firms with more pronounced agency problems optimally combine uninformative signals with a higher incentive rate than firms with less pronounced agency problems that optimally choose a perfect signal. We find this relation for various measures of the agency conflict such as the incongruency of the performance measure, its susceptibility to manipulation, or the agent’s degree of risk aversion. Because the pay–performance sensitivity is frequently used for measuring the efficiency of real-world compensation arrangements, our results provide relevant insights for empirical research studying the determinants of the relation between executive pay and firm performance.
JEL Classifications: D81; D86; M12; M52.