bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can the neutrophil count from hepatic fine‐needle aspirate cytology be used to diagnose hepatitis in dogs? A pilot study
Authors: Gardner Rachel Helen , Castillo Daniel , Constantino‐Casas Fernando , Williams Tim L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe cytologic diagnosis of inflammation on canine hepatic aspirates can be confounded by neutrophilic infiltrates in the liver of dogs with nodular regeneration, by extramedullary hematopoiesis, and by marked blood contamination.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the association between neutrophil counts on hepatic cytology and the histopathologic diagnosis in dogs with hepatitis and non‐inflammatory hepatopathy. We also sought to determine a cut‐off value for the cytologic diagnosis of hepatitis.MethodsIn a retrospective blinded pilot study, three observers independently reviewed hepatic aspirates that had corresponding histopathologic examinations performed within 2 days. The number of neutrophils per 200 hepatocytes was determined and averaged among observers. Only neutrophils within or directly in contact with a cluster of ≥5 hepatocytes were counted, and only intact hepatocytes within an approximate monolayer were included. Data are presented as the median (range), and the Mann‐Whitney U test is used to make comparisons between groups.ResultsEighteen cases were included (13 hepatitis and five vacuolar hepatopathy). Aspirates with a histopathologic diagnosis of hepatitis had increased numbers of neutrophils compared with those of vacuolar hepatopathy (7.7 [0.3‐18.3] vs 3.0 [1.0‐5.3]; P = .038). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that ≥6 neutrophils were 61.5% (CI 31.6%‐86.1%) sensitive and 100% (CI 47.8%‐100%) specific for identifying hepatitis.ConclusionsLiver aspirates from hepatitis cases have a higher number of neutrophils on cytology compared with those from vacuolar hepatopathy; however, larger studies, including those with dogs with other liver pathologies, are required. Identification of six or more neutrophils per 200 hepatocytes is highly suggestive of hepatitis.
Evolutionary divergence of the smooth snake (Serpentes, Colubridae): The role of the Balkans and Anatolia
Authors: Stratakis Manos , Koutmanis Iraklis , Ilgaz Çetin , Jablonski Daniel , Kukushkin Oleg V. , Crnobrnja‐Isailovic Jelka , Carretero Miguel A. , Liuzzi Cristiano , Kumlutaş Yusuf , Lymberakis Petros , Poulakakis Nikos 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe smooth snakeCoronella austriaca(Laurenti, 1768) is distributed across the western Palearctic throughout north‐central, southern Europe and western Asia. So far, only few phylogenetic studies, based on mitochondrial DNA, have been carried out on this species focusing mainly on the Iberian Peninsula and northern Europe, leaving unstudied some of important areas of its distribution. This study aims to cover this gap and to explore the phylogenetic relationships between the populations of in the Eastern Mediterranean and to detect possible historical refugia. With this objective, total genomic DNA was extracted from samples originated from the Balkans, Anatolia and a large part of Europe. Two mitochondrial (cytb, 16S) and six nuclear (BDNF, NKTR, RAG1, RAG2, MC1R and PRLR) markers were combined for phylogenetic and chronophylogenetic analyses. The different analyses confirmed previous phylogeographic hypothesis showing the presence of several well‐supported clades distributed in Anatolia, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, the Balkans and the Iberian Peninsula and cryptic diversity within Anatolia and the Balkans. Moreover, dating analysis confirmed the diversification of the species during the Pleistocene, as well as the role of the Southern Balkans and Anatolia region as refugia during this period.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: March 2022

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 2Abdul Azim Akhtar, Independent Academic & Researcher, Delhi, IndiaAntónio Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalBishnu Prasad Dahal, Tribhuvan University, NepalDipankar Chatterjee, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University, IndiaElena Montanari, Politecnico Di Milano, ItalyEncarnación ABAD ARENAS, National University of Distance Education (UNED), SpainFahri ÖZSUNGUR, Adana Science and Technology University, TurkeyFroilan Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippinesHao Liu, Beijing Normal University, ChinaJibrin Ubale Yahaya, National Open University of Nigeria NOUN, NigeriaJulia M. Mack, Gannon University, USALing Wei, University of International Business and Economics, ChinaMd. Nasir Uddin, Prime Minister’s Office, BangladeshMei-Ling Lin, National Open University, TaiwanMohamed Mehdi Jelassi, IHEC Carthage, TunisiaMOHD NORAZMI BIN NORDIN, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, MalaysiaNAZIAH ABD. KADIR, Universiti Selangor, MalaysiaPeriyasami Anbarasan, Indian Institute of technology Delhi, IndiaRemigiusz Kijak, "University of Warsaw", PolandRonaldo R. Larioque, NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PhilippinesSana Ali, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, PakistanTariq Tawfeeq Yousif Alabdullah, University of Basrah, IraqYanzhe Zhang, Jilin University, China, China/AustraliaYusramizza Md Isa, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia James YoungEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://ijsss.redfame.com
MICROTRABALHO E INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL: DESAFIOS À FRUIÇÃO DA DIGNIDADE HUMANA EM MEIO À APRENDIZAGEM DE MÁQUINA
Authors: Fincato Denise Pires , Lemonje Julise Carolina 
Published: March 2022

O artigo trata do tema das plataformas de microtrabalho que ofertam serviços para o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento da inteligência artificial. Busca-se, a partir das condições de trabalho e características descritas pela literatura científica, articular o cenário do microtrabalho à concretização do princípio e valor dignidade humana nesse contexto. Assim, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, do método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo e da interpretação sociológica, tecem-se considerações sobre os impactos do microtrabalho na fruição da dignidade humana. Para isso, o artigo inicia com a apresentação de noções conceituais acerca do trabalho em plataformas digitais para, em seguida, apontar as principais características do microtrabalho e sua relação com o desenvolvimento de inteligência artificial. Após, articula-se o impacto das condições mapeadas na concretização da dignidade humana. Conclui-se que a tendência a ocultar a existência de microtarefas desempenhadas por humanos na produção de inteligência artificial, assim como a gestão desta atividade humana a partir de uma lógica de máquina, enseja a instrumentalização dos trabalhadores e restrições à autonomia do microtrabalhador, que se vê dissociado do valor social do seu trabalho e desconhece elementos essenciais da atividade desempenhada.
Tetranuclear Hydroxo Complexes of Rare-Earth Elements with the Cubane Core as Products of Self-Controlled Hydrolysis
Authors: Tsymbarenko D. M. , Grebenyuk D. I. , Burlakova M. A. , Shurkina A. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tetranuclear hydroxo complexes [La4(Deta)4(OH)4(Tfa)3(DetadcH)2](HTfa)(H2O)7(Tfa)3 (I) and [Nd4(Deta)4(OH)4(Tfa)3(DetadcH)2](H2O)n(Tfa)3 (II) with diethylene-N,N′-dicarbamate anions (DetadcH–) are synthesized for the first time by the reactions of lanthanum trifluoroacetate and neodymium trifluoroacetate with a solution of diethylenetriamine (Deta) in air under the self-controlled hydrolysis conditions and are characterized by X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Compounds I and II contain the same-type complex cationic fragment with the cubane metal–oxygen core stabilized due to four chelate Deta ligands and two bridging DetadcH– ligands. The DFT calculations of the geometry and vibrational spectrum of the [La4(Deta)4(OH)4(Tfa)3(DetadcH)2]3+ complex cation are performed.
Pulmonary embolus associated with a rare provoking factor: recreational nitrous oxide use
Authors: Bhardwaj Shah Aroon , Naidu Sindhu Bhaarrati 
Published: March 2022

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common acute presentation which may be provoked by multiple factors. We present the unique case of a young man with no underlying health conditions who was diagnosed with bilateral PE which we believe was provoked by chronic use of nitrous oxide (NO), a potentially under-recognised risk factor for PE. NO is a substance that is commonly used recreationally, particularly among young adults in the UK. It has been shown to increase serum homocysteine levels which may create a prothrombotic state.Our patient had raised serum homocysteine levels on admission. He was anticoagulated and discharged with advice to stop nitrous oxide use. We recommend asking patients about recreational drug use when screening for provoking factors for PE so as to offer appropriate treatment and counselling.
Risk factors associated with acute respiratory illnesses in athletes: a systematic review by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on ‘acute respiratory illness in the athlete’
Authors: Derman Wayne , Badenhorst Marelise , Eken Maaike , Gomez-Ezeiza Josu , Fitzpatrick Jane , Gleeson Maree , Kunorozva Lovemore , Mjosund Katja , Mountjoy Margo , Sewry Nicola , Schwellnus Martin 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo review risk factors associated with acute respiratory illness (ARill) in athletes, including non-infectious ARill and suspected or confirmed acute respiratory infections (ARinf).DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesElectronic databases: PubMed-Medline, EbscoHost and Web of Science.Eligibility criteriaOriginal research articles published between January 1990 and July 2020 in English were searched for prospective and retrospective full text studies that reported quantitative data on risk factors associated with ARill/ARinf in athletes, at any level of performance (elite/non-elite), aged 15–65 years.Results48 studies (n=19 390 athletes) were included in the study. Risk factors associated with ARill/ARinf were: increased training monotony, endurance training programmes, lack of tapering, training during winter or at altitude, international travel and vitamin D deficits. Low tear-(SIgA) and salivary-(IgA) were immune biomarkers associated with ARill/ARinf.ConclusionsModifiable training and environmental risk factors could be considered by sports coaches and athletes to reduce the risk of ARill/ARinf. Clinicians working with athletes can consider assessing and treating specific nutritional deficiencies such as vitamin D. More research regarding the role and clinical application of measuring immune biomarkers in athletes at high risk of ARill/ARinf is warranted.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020160928.
Comparison of the effects on cardiovascular events between use of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as the first-line hypoglycaemic agents in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a claims database analysis
Authors: Nishimura Rimei , Takeshima Tomomi , Iwasaki Kosuke , Aoi Sumiko 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo compare the risk of cardiovascular events from the initiation of therapy between metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) as first-line therapy.DesignRetrospective cohort study using two claims databases.SettingThe MDV database (provided by Medical Data Vision) comprised data from acute care hospitals, and the JMDC database (provided by JMDC) comprised data from individuals covered by health insurance societies.ParticipantsThose who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at ≥18 years, prescribed metformin or DPP-4i as the first-line hypoglycaemic agent, had medical records of ≥6 months before the index prescription and had available glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) data for the period, including the index date and 30 days before it (defined as the baseline) were included. Those diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and/or a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or cerebrovascular diseases were excluded.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcomes were cumulative risks from Kaplan-Meier curves or HRs of patients prescribed metformin compared with DPP-4i. The primary endpoint was the diagnosis of MI or stroke associated with hospitalisation. Patient demographics, prescribed drugs and laboratory test values of HbA1c and estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline were adjusted. The study period starting from the index included treatment after initial monotherapy.ResultsOverall, 2089 and 6686 patients in the MDV database and 1506 and 3635 in the JMDC database were prescribed metformin and DPP-4i, respectively. The HR of the primary endpoint was 0.879 with no statistical significance (95% CI 0.534 to 1.448, p=0.613) in the MDV database, while it was significantly lower, 0.398 (95% CI 0.213 to 0.742, 0.004) in the JMDC database.ConclusionsPatients who received metformin as first-line therapy may have reduced cardiovascular events than those receiving DPP-4i. This study conforms to previous Japanese database studies, despite the consideration of its limitation being an observational design.
Impact of major disease outbreaks in the third millennium on adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health and rights in low and/or middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review protocol
Authors: Akbarialiabad Hossein , Shidhaye Rahul , Shidhaye Pallavi , Cuijpers Pim , Weaver Marcia R , Bahrololoom Mina , Kiburi Sarah , Njuguna Irene N , Taghrir Mohammad Hossein , Kumar Manasi 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionSexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) of young people continue to present a high burden and remain underinvested. This is more so in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), where empirical evidence reveals disruption of SRHR maintenance, need for enhancement of programmes, resources and services during pandemics. Despite the importance of the subject, there is no published review yet combining recent disease outbreaks such as (H1N1/09, Zika, Ebola and SARS-COV-2) to assess their impact on adolescents and youth SRHR in LMICs.Methods and analysisWe will adopt a four-step search to reach the maximum possible number of studies. In the first step, we will carry out a limitedpreliminary search in databases for getting relevant keywords (appendix 1). Second, we will search in four databases: Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase and PsycINFO. The search would begin from the inception of the first major outbreak in 2009 (H1N1/09) up to the date of publication of the protocol in early 2022. We will search databases using related keywords, screen title & abstract and review full texts of the selected titles to arrive at the list of eligible studies. In the third stage, we will check their eligibility to the included article’s reference list. In the fourth stage, we will check the citations of included papers in phase 2 to complete our study selection. We will include all types of original studies and without any language restriction in our final synthesis. Our review results will be charted for each pandemic separately and include details pertaining to authors, year, country, region of the study, study design, participants (disaggregated by age and gender), purpose and report associated SRHR outcomes. The review will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guideline (PRISMA-ScR).Patient and public involvementPatients or public were not involved in this study.Ethics and disseminationEthical assessment is not required for this study. The results of the study will be presented in peer-reviewed publications and conferences on adolescent SRHR.
Epidemiology of COVID-19 and effect of public health interventions, Chennai, India, March–October 2020: an analysis of COVID-19 surveillance system
Authors: M Jagadeesan , Ganeshkumar Parasuraman , Kaur Prabhdeep , Masanam Sriramulu Hemalatha , Sakthivel Manikandanesan , Rubeshkumar Polani , Raju Mohankumar , Murugesan Lakshmidevi , Ganapathi Raajkumar , Srinivasan Mahalakshmi , Sukumar Aswini , Ilangovan Kumaravel , Reddy Madhusudhan , Shanmugam Divyadharshini , Govindasamy Prakash , Murhekar Manoj 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesTo describe the public health strategies and their effect in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic from March to October 2020 in Chennai, India.SettingChennai, a densely populated metropolitan city in Southern India, was one of the five cities which contributed to more than half of the COVID-19 cases in India from March to May 2020. A comprehensive community-centric public health strategy was implemented for controlling COVID-19, including surveillance, testing, contact tracing, isolation and quarantine. In addition, there were different levels of restrictions between March and October 2020.ParticipantsWe collected the deidentified line list of all the 192 450 COVID-19 cases reported from 17 March to 31 October 2020 in Chennai and their contacts for the analysis. We defined a COVID-19 case based on the real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) positive test conducted in one of the government-approved labs.Outcome measuresThe primary outcomes of interest were incidence of COVID-19 per million population, case fatality ratio (CFR), deaths per million, and the effective reproduction number (Rt). We also analysed the surveillance, testing, contact tracing and isolation indicators.ResultsOf the 192 450 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in Chennai from 17 March to 31 October 2020, 114 889 (60%) were males. The highest incidence was 41 064 per million population among those 61–80 years. The incidence peaked during June 2020 at 5239 per million and declined to 3627 per million in October 2020. The city reported 3543 deaths, with a case fatality ratio of 1.8%. In March, Rt was 4.2, dropped below one in July and remained so until October, even with the relaxation of restrictions.ConclusionThe combination of public health strategies might have contributed to controlling the COVID-19 epidemic in a large, densely populated city in India. We recommend continuing the test-trace-isolate strategy and appropriate restrictions to prevent resurgence.
Comparison and determination of factors associated with smoking status, smoking knowledge, attitude and practice (S-KAP) between smoke-free and non-smoke-free campuses in public universities in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohmad Shazwani , Ismail Aniza , KS Hayati , Hassan Noraryana , Imran Arfah Mahani , Hamzah Nur Faezah , Wan Mohd Zain Wan Azrin Izani 
Published: March 2022

ObjectivesWe compared the smoking prevalence, smoking knowledge, attitudes and practices (S-KAP) between smoke-free campuses (SFCs) and non-SFCs (NSFCs) and determined the associated factors of smoking status and S-KAP.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingsThe research was conducted in four public universities in Malaysia; two SFCs and two NSFCs.ParticipantsStudents and staff from SFCs (n=1063) and NSFCs (n=1040).Main outcome measuresCompared the smoking prevalence, S-KAP between SFCs and NSFCs and determined the associated factors.ResultsThe prevalence of smokers among the SFC and NSFC respondents was 5.2% and 6.7%, respectively. University type and smoking attitude were significantly related (p=0.02). At the SFCs, the factors associated with becoming a smoker were male gender (p<0.001), monthly income ≥RM3000 (p=0.02), positive smoking attitude (p=0.003) and positive smoking practice (p<0.001); at NSFCs, the associated factors were male gender (p<0.001), low smoking knowledge (p=0.004), positive smoking attitude (p=0.001) and practice (p<0.001). The factors associated with good smoking knowledge were female gender (SFCs: p=0.001; NSFCs: p=0.004), and monthly income ≥RM3000 (NSFCs: p=0.02). Male respondents were likely to have positive smoking attitudes (SFCs: p<0.001; NSFCs: p<0.001) and negative smoking practices (SFCs: p<0.001; NSFCs: p<0.001).ConclusionOverall, smoking prevalence, knowledge and practice were not much different between SFCs and NSFCs. However, there was a significant relationship between university type and smoking attitude due to the existence of the SFC policy likely rendering smoking a less acceptable social norm. Continual education programmes on smoking harms and smoking cessation strategies are highly recommended to aid the SFC policy in preventing secondhand smoke in universities.
Rationale and design for comparison of non-compliant balloon with drug-coating balloon angioplasty for side branch after provisional stenting for patients with true coronary bifurcation lesions: a prospective, multicentre and randomised DCB-BIF trial
Authors: Gao Xiao-Fei , Ge Zhen , Kan Jing , Kong Xiang-Quan , Wang Yan , Qiu Chun-Guang , Tresukosol Damras , He Yu-Quan , Wu Qiang , Li Ji-Fu , Yuan Hai-Tao , Shen Chengxing , Chen Xiang , Munawar Muhammad , Hanif Bashir , Santoso Teguh , Shin Eun-Seok , Sheiban Imad , Ye Fei , Zhang Jun-Jie , Chen Shao-Liang 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionProvisional stenting using drug-eluting stent is effective for simple coronary bifurcation lesions. Kissing balloon inflation using conventional non-compliant balloon is the primary treatment of side branch (SB) after main vessel (MV) stenting. Drug-coating balloon (DCB) is reported to be associated with less frequent clinical events in in-stent restenosis and small vessel disease. The importance of DCB in bifurcation treatment is understudied. Accordingly, this trial is designed to investigate the superiority of DCB to non-compliant balloon angioplasty for SB after provisional stenting in patients with true coronary bifurcation lesions.Methods and analysisThe DCB-BIF trial is a prospective, multicentre, randomised, superiority trial including 784 patients with true coronary bifurcation lesions. Patients will be randomised in a 1:1 fashion to receive either DCB or non-compliant balloon angioplasty if SB diameter stenosis >70% after MV stenting. The primary endpoint is the composite of major adverse cardiac event at the 1-year follow-up, including cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI) or clinically driven target lesion revascularisation. The major secondary endpoints include all-cause death, periprocedural MI, spontaneous MI, clinically driven target vessel revascularisation, in-stent restenosis, stroke and individual component of the primary endpoint. The safety endpoint is the risk of stent thrombosis.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol and informed consent have been reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of all participating centres. The written informed consent for participation in the trial will be obtained from all participants. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04242134.