bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuldskalamodellen. Arkitekturens sande billede mellem realitet og forestilling
Authors: Søberg Martin 
Published: October 2022

The Full-Scale Model. Architecture’s True Image Between Reality and Imagination The paper examines the full-scale architectural model and the question of the truthful image. This question, concerning the representation and its reliability, is continuously present in architecture: to what extent does the architectural image – and we may regard the architectural model as such – provide us with a truthful image of a future project? Architects rely on various types of representations in order to provide an image of a reality yet to come: the realised building. Reality and the image of the possible are fully entangled in the architectural model, in particular in the full-scale model where differences of scale are eliminated. Through a discussion of the virtual and actual aspects of the full-scale model, the paper concludes that the model provides insight into future realities and as such can be regarded as a truthful image, but that it furthermore – due to the ambiguous proximity of the virtual and actual – exposes the question of truth as being contingent on a relation between reality and fiction. The paper is based on analysis of selected empirical cases, including a mock-up of Sverre Fehn’s project for an extension of the Royal Danish Theatre (1996), Robbrecht en Daem architecten’s Mies 1:1. Das Golfklub Projekt (2013), the full-scale model of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe’s proposal for the Kröller-Müller villa (1912), Bungalow Germania – the German pavilion at the Venice Architecture Biennale (2014) and the simulation of the Berlin Castle (1993-94).
Anmeldelse af Det nationale dilemma i sprog- og kulturpædagogikken. Et studie i forholdet mellem sprog og kultur
Authors: Jensen Nina Hauge 
Published: October 2022

Anmeldelse:
Karen Risager: Det nationale dilemma i sprog- og kulturpædagogikken. Et studie i forholdet mellem sprog og kultur, Akademisk forlag, 2003.
Interkulturel dialog i det virtuelle rum
Authors: Lundgren Ulla 
Published: October 2022

“Jag fick idéer till hur man skulle kunna tänka” (lærerstuderende).
2008 er blevet udset af EU til at være The Year of Intercultural Dialogue. Som alle lærere ved, er det virkelige møde mellem levende personer fra forskellige lande den bedste måde at øge interessen for sprog og kultur på. I globaliseringens tid gøres der også store anstrengelser for at gennemføre skoleungdoms- og studenterudveks- linger. (...)
Sproghistorie i gymnasieskolen
Authors: Andersen Hanne Leth 
Published: October 2022

“Sproghistorie er en omfattende disciplin; den beskæftiger sig ikke blot med sprog- formernes forandring og ordforraadets ændringer, men også sprogbrugen (dialek- ter og stillag), sprogets forhold til samfundet og dets paavirkninger fra andre sprog” (Karl Martin Nielsen 1965).
Efter på denne måde at have konstateret at sproghistorie er et mangfoldigt og tvær- fagligt område, konkluderer den mangeårige sproghistorieunderviser Karl Martin Nielsen, at det ikke er muligt at komme igennem det hele, og at han i sin under- visning derfor vil koncentrere sig om det som af mange før og siden er blevet reg- net for disciplinens egentlige område og metode, nemlig den centrale historiske form- og lydlære. (...)
Will Certain Adjuvants Improve the Preemergence Activity of Pendimethalin or S-metolachlor?
Authors: Grichar W. James , McGinty Joshua A. 
Published: October 2022

Aims: To determine weed efficacy when using adjuvants such as Grounded or Spectrum in combination with pendimethalin or S-metolachlor.
Study Design: Randomized complete-block with 3 replications.
Place and Duration of Study: Field studies were conducted during the 2021 growing season near Yoakum (29.2765o N, 97.1238o W) in south-central Texas and near Corpus Christi (27.7817o N, 97.5737o W) along the upper Texas Gulf Coast.
Methodology: Herbicides were applied preemergence either alone or in combination with Grounded at 2.3 L ha-1 or Spectrum at 0.6 L ha-1 after corn (Zea mays L.) or peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were planted at Yoakum and under a non-crop situation at Corpus Christi.
Results: In corn when evaluated 7 weeks after treatment (WAT), the addition of Grounded to pendimethalin at 1.06 kg ha-1 reduced Palmer amaranth control when compared with pendimethalin alone at the same rate or with the addition of Spectrum. Smellmelon control with pendimethalin at 0.53 kg ha-1 improved with the addition of Grounded over pendimethalin alone. When evaluated 15 WAT, only Texas millet was present in consistent enough populations to evaluate and no differences in control were noted with/without an adjuvant with either pendimethalin or S-metolachlor. In peanut when evaluated 26 and 54 days after treatment (DAT), Texas millet or smellmelon control was not influenced with the use of either Grounded or Spectrum. In the non-cropland study, when evaluated 14 DAT, both Texas millet and Palmer amaranth control was > 97% with all combinations of pendimethalin or S-metolachlor with/without an adjuvant. At the 42 DAT evaluation, again no differences in weed control were noted between the herbicides without an adjuvant and with the addition of Grounded or Spectrum.
Conclusion: In none of the trials did the addition of either Grounded or Spectrum to either pendimethalin or S-metolachlor consistently improve weed efficacy. Also the length of herbicide persistence was not increased with these adjuvants.
Impact and quality of life on patients affected by cerebral vascular accident / Impacto e qualidade de vida no paciente acometido por Acidente Vascular Cerebral
Authors: Guedes Leite Igor , Birelo Lopes De Domenico Edvane , Mesquita de Oliveira Vanessa , Lopes Moreira Rita Simone , Cavalari Teraoka Eliana 
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: avaliar o impacto e a qualidade de vida em pessoas acometidas por acidente vascular cerebral em seguimento ambulatorial. Método: estudo transversal e quantitativo, de janeiro a abril de 2019, utilizou-se um questionário com variáveis pessoais, sociodemográficos e clínicas; o Stroke Impact Scale 3.0 e a Escala de Qualidade de Vida Específica para Acidente Vascular Encefálico. Resultados: 34 participantes, idade média de 50,3 anos, maioria mulheres (55,8%), cor da pele branca (52,9%), ensino fundamental incompleto (38,2%), casados (47%), tipo isquêmico (73,5%) e no hemisfério esquerdo (44,1%). Em 79,4% foi o primeiro evento de AVC. As comorbidades mais prevalentes foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica (73,5%) e dislipidemia (61,7%). O instrumento Stroke Impact Scale obteve média de 57,75 e a escala de qualidade de vida de 156. Conclusão: o impacto da doença, a qualidade de vida e a percepção da recuperação foram classificados como moderados.
Association of Neighborhood Conditions and Resources for Children With Life Expectancy at Birth in the US
Authors: Shanahan Kristen H. , Subramanian S. V. , Burdick Kendall J. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Lee Lois K. , Fleegler Eric W. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceTo address inequities in life expectancy, we must understand the associations of modifiable socioeconomic and structural factors with life expectancy. However, the association of limited neighborhood resources and deleterious physical conditions with life expectancy is not well understood.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of community social and economic conditions and resources for children with life expectancy at birth.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study examined neighborhood child opportunity and life expectancy using data from residents of 65 662 US Census tracts in 2015. The analysis was conducted from July 6 to October 1, 2021.ExposuresNeighborhood conditions and resources for children in 2015.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was life expectancy at birth at the Census tract level based on data from the US Small-Area Life Expectancy Estimates Project (January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015). Neighborhood conditions and resources for children were quantified by Census tract Child Opportunity Index (COI) 2.0 scores for 2015. This index captures community conditions associated with children’s health and long-term outcomes categorized into 5 levels, from very low to very high opportunity. It includes 29 indicators in 3 domains: education, health and environment, and social and economic factors. Mixed-effects and simple linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between standardized COI scores (composite and domain-specific) and life expectancy.ResultsThe study included residents from 65 662 of 73 057 US Census tracts (89.9%). Life expectancy at birth across Census tracts ranged from 56.3 years to 93.6 years (mean [SD], 78.2 [4.0] years). Life expectancy in Census tracts with very low COI scores was lower than life expectancy in Census tracts with very high COI scores (−7.06 years [95% CI, −7.13 to −6.99 years]). Stepwise associations were observed between COI scores and life expectancy. For each domain, life expectancy was shortest in Census tracts with very low compared with very high COI scores (education: β = −2.02 years [95% CI, −2.12 to −1.92 years]); health and environment: β = −2.30 years [95% CI, −2.41 to −2.20 years]; social and economic: β = −4.16 years [95% CI, −4.26 to −4.06 years]). The models accounted for 41% to 54% of variability in life expectancy at birth (R2 = 0.41-0.54).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, neighborhood conditions and resources for children were significantly associated with life expectancy at birth, accounting for substantial variability in life expectancy at the Census tract level. These findings suggest that community resources and conditions are important targets for antipoverty interventions and policies to improve life expectancy and address health inequities.
Effect of Exercise Training or Complex Mental and Social Activities on Cognitive Function in Adults With Chronic Stroke
Authors: Liu-Ambrose Teresa , Falck Ryan S. , Dao Elizabeth , Best John R. , Davis Jennifer C. , Bennett Kim , Hall Peter A. , Hsiung Ging-Yuek Robin , Middleton Laura E. , Goldsmith Charles H. , Graf Peter , Eng Janice J. 
Published: October 2022

ImportanceA stroke doubles one’s risk for dementia. How to promote cognitive function among persons with chronic stroke is unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of exercise (EX) or cognitive and social enrichment activities (ENRICH) on cognitive function in adults with chronic stroke.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a 3-group parallel, single-blinded, single-site, proof-of-concept randomized clinical trial at a research center in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Participants included community-dwelling adults with chronic stroke, aged 55 years and older, able to walk 6 meters, and without dementia. The trial included a 6-month intervention and a 6-month follow-up. Randomization occurred from June 6, 2014, to February 26, 2019. Measurement occurred at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Data were analyzed from January to November 2021.InterventionsParticipants were randomly allocated to twice-weekly supervised classes of: (1) EX, a multicomponent exercise program; (2) ENRICH, a program of cognitive and social enrichment activities; or (3) balance and tone (BAT), a control group that included stretches and light-intensity exercises.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive-Plus (ADAS-Cog-Plus), which included the 13-item ADAS-Cog, Trail Making Test Parts A and B, Digit Span Forward and Backward, Animal Fluency, and Vegetable Fluency.ResultsOne-hundred and twenty participants, with a mean (range) of 1.2 (1-4) strokes, a mean (SD) of 66.5 (53.8) months since the most recent stroke, mean (SD) baseline age of 70 (8) years, mean (SD) baseline ADAS-Cog-Plus of 0.22 (0.81), and 74 (62%) male participants, were randomized to EX (34 participants), ENRICH (34 participants), or BAT (52 participants). Seventeen withdrew during the 6-month intervention and another 7 during the 6-month follow-up. Including all 120 participants, at the end of the 6-month intervention, EX significantly improved ADAS-Cog-Plus performance compared with BAT (estimated mean difference: −0.24; 95% CI, −0.43 to −0.04;P = .02). This difference did not persist at the 6-month follow-up (estimated mean difference: −0.08; 95% CI, −0.29 to 0.12;P = .43). For the 13-item ADAS-Cog, the EX group improved by 5.65 points over the 6-month intervention (95% CI, 2.74 to 8.57 points;P &amp;lt; .001), exceeding the minimally clinical difference of 3.0 points.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that exercise can induce clinically important improvements in cognitive function in adults with chronic stroke. Future studies need to replicate current findings and to understand training parameters, moderators, and mediators to maximize benefits.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT01916486
Pollinator efficiency of avocado (Persea americana) flower insect visitors
Authors: Sagwe Rose Nyakemiso , Peters Marcell K. , Dubois Thomas , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf , Lattorff H. Michael G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPollination services from insects are important for higher yield and better fruit quality in avocado (Persea americanaMill.). Measuring pollinator effectiveness is significant for capturing the relative contributions of different insect taxa to pollination services and for identification of the most important pollinators of this globally important crop.In the present study, we tested pollinator efficiency of avocado in Kenya based on pollen deposition after single visits of flowers by different pollinator species and visitation frequency. We monitored the pollination frequency during the flowering period replicated across six farms. Three trees were selected per farm, each with five flower panicles.Out of the 14 observed insect flower visitor species, pollen deposition efficiency was highest in the Western honey bee (Apis melliferaL.), followed by the hover fly species (Phytomia incisaW.). These two species had both the highest pollen deposition and pollen grain loads on their bodies.Furthermore,A. melliferawas the most frequent avocado flower visitor followed by Diptera except hoverflies.Our results imply thatA. melliferacan be managed to achieve adequate pollination services for avocado, particularly in areas lacking efficient wild pollinators.
Chiral Seeded Growth of Gold Nanorods Into Fourfold Twisted Nanoparticles with Plasmonic Optical Activity
Authors: Ni Bing , Mychinko Mikhail , Gómez‐Graña Sergio , Morales‐Vidal Jordi , Obelleiro‐Liz Manuel , Heyvaert Wouter , Vila‐Liarte David , Zhuo Xiaolu , Albrecht Wiebke , Zheng Guangchao , González‐Rubio Guillermo , Taboada José M. , Obelleiro Fernando , López Núria , Pérez‐Juste Jorge , Pastoriza‐Santos Isabel , Cölfen Helmut , Bals Sara , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA robust and reproducible methodology to prepare stable inorganic nanoparticles with chiral morphology may hold the key to the practical utilization of these materials. An optimized chiral growth method to prepare fourfold twisted gold nanorods is described herein, where the amino acid cysteine is used as a dissymmetry inducer. Four tilted ridges are found to develop on the surface of single‐crystal nanorods upon repeated reduction of HAuCl4, in the presence of cysteine as the chiral inducer and ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. From detailed electron microscopy analysis of the crystallographic structures, it is proposed that the dissymmetry results from the development of chiral facets in the form of protrusions (tilted ridges) on the initial nanorods, eventually leading to a twisted shape. The role of cysteine is attributed to assisting enantioselective facet evolution, which is supported by density functional theory simulations of the surface energies, modified upon adsorption of the chiral molecule. The development ofR‐type andS‐type chiral structures (small facets, terraces, or kinks) would thus be non‐equal, removing the mirror symmetry of the Au NR and in turn resulting in a markedly chiral morphology with high plasmonic optical activity.
Emerging Magnetic Fabrication Technologies Provide Controllable Hierarchically‐Structured Biomaterials and Stimulus Response for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wychowaniec Jacek K. , Brougham Dermot F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMultifunctional nanocomposites which exhibit well‐defined physical properties and encode spatiotemporally‐controlled responses are emerging as components for advanced responsive systems. For biomedical applications magnetic nanocomposite materials have attracted significant attention due to their ability to respond to spatially and temporally varying magnetic fields. The current state‐of‐the‐art in development and fabrication of magnetic hydrogels toward biomedical applications is described. There is accelerating progress in the field due to advances in manufacturing capabilities. Three categories can be identified: i) Magnetic hydrogelation, DC magnetic fields are used during solidification/gelation for aligning particles; ii) additive manufacturing of magnetic materials, 3D printing technologies are used to develop spatially‐encoded magnetic properties, and more recently; iii) magnetic additive manufacturing, magnetic responses are applied during the printing process to develop increasingly complex structural arrangement that may recapitulate anisotropic tissue structure and function. The magnetic responsiveness of conventionally and additively manufactured magnetic hydrogels are described along with recent advances in soft magnetic robotics, and the categorization is related to final architecture and emergent properties. Future challenges and opportunities, including the anticipated role of combinatorial approaches in developing 4D‐responsive functional materials for tackling long‐standing problems in biomedicine including production of 3D‐specified responsive cell scaffolds are discussed.
Novel Co‐Catalytic Activities of Solid and Liquid Phase Catalysts in High‐Rate Li‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chengji , Jaradat Ahmad , Singh Sachin Kumar , Rojas Tomas , Ahmadiparidari Alireza , Rastegar Sina , Wang Shuxi , Majidi Leily , Redfern Paul , Subramanian Arunkumar , Ngo Anh T. , Curtiss Larry A. , Salehi‐khojin Amin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLi‐air batteries are considered strong candidates for the next‐generation energy storage systems designed for electrical transportation. However, low cyclability and current rates are two major drawbacks that hinder them from further realization. These issues necessitate the discovery of novel materials to significantly enhance the redox process of discharge products. In this study, a novel catalytic system comprised of tin sulfide (SnS) nanoflakes as a solid catalyst and tin iodide (SnI2) as a dual‐functional electrolyte additive is discovered. This system enables operating the battery at high current rates up to 10 000 mA g−1 (corresponding to 1 mA cm−2). The SnS catalyst shows outstanding catalytic activity for both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions compared to carbon, noble metals, and other transition metal dichalcogenides. It also exhibits good structural integrity at high rates. The computations indicate numerous possible oxygen reduction sites without oxygen dissociations on the SnS surface through solution mechanism that is likely responsible for the formation of Li2O2. The calculations also indicate that the role of the SnI2 is not only reacting with the lithium anode to provide protection but reducing the charge potential by promoting catalytic decomposition of the Li2O2. This work provides new novel additives for designing high‐rate Li‐air batteries.
Creation of a novel course for the advanced emergency medicine ultrasound focused practice designation examination
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Duran‐Gehring Petra , Coneybeare Di , Lema Penelope 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe American Board of Emergency Medicine recently established a new certification pathway in advanced emergency medicine ultrasound (AEMUS). Eligible applicants come from a wide range of experience but must pass the same examination to become certified. This study sought to evaluate a novel review course targeting a wide range of learners for a new examination.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study evaluating the outcomes of the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) AEMUS review course. The program evaluation survey was designed to collect outcomes across multiple Kirkpatrick levels, including overall satisfaction, topic‐specific satisfaction, topic‐specific coverage, topic‐specific confidence before and after the course, topic‐specific perceived knowledge before and after the course, and changes in practice.ResultsSeventy‐four of 79 participants (93.7%) completed the survey. Mean course satisfaction was 4.59/5.00 (95% CI 4.47–4.72). Confidence to pass examination components increased for the following topics: administration, advanced left ventricle (LV), education, head and neck, hepatobiliary, male genitourinary, musculoskeletal, nonobstetric gynecology, pediatrics, physics, procedures, research, right ventricle, and venous/arterial. Perceived knowledge increased for the following topics: administration, advanced LV, education, head and neck, male genitourinary, musculoskeletal, pediatrics, physics, procedures, renal/bladder, research, right ventricle, and venous/arterial. Fifty‐three of 74 participants (71.6%) stated they would change their practice based on the course. Examples of changes in practice include increased use of ultrasound for advanced abdominal, musculoskeletal, pediatric, and procedural applications. Future work will determine the impact on longer‐term outcomes and focused practice designation (FPD) examination pass rates.ConclusionThe ACEP AEMUS FPD review course demonstrated high levels of satisfaction, increased participant confidence, increased perceived knowledge, and several self‐reported changes in participants' ultrasound practice.
Biodegradable composite films based on Trigonella foenum‐graceum galactomannan—xanthan gum: Effect of grape seed oil on various aspects of emulsified films
Authors: Niknam Rasoul , Soudi Mohammad Reza , Mousavi Mohammad 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNowadays, preparing biodegradable films based on hydrocolloids has become thoroughly crucial in food packaging. Also, to enhance some of the aspects of these films, adding oil to the formulation of the films has been considered as a valid method. In this study, a variety of films based on two biopolymers (fenugreek galactomannan and xanthan gum) in the presence or absence of grape seed oil were produced and the various aspects of the obtained films were comprehensively investigated. The obtained data demonstrated that preparing composite films based on two hydrocolloids improved the aspects including film thickness, water vapor permeability (WVP), oxygen permeability (OP), mechanical and thermal properties more than films based on only one hydrocolloid. This improvement was mostly related to the good and acceptable interaction between two biopolymers. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that all films had an amorphous or non‐crystalline structure. Also, the scanning electron microscope images demonstrated that films based on fenugreek galactomannan and composite films based on two hydrocolloids. The value of film thickness and strain at break (SAB) increased by adding oil to the formulation. Contrarily, the moisture content and absorption, WVP, OP, opacity, and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) values of the films decreased by adding oil.