bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic biology and opportunities within agricultural crops
Authors: Sargent Demi , Conaty Warren C. , Tissue David T. , Sharwood Robert E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractConventional breeding techniques have been integral to the development of many agronomically important traits in numerous crops. The adoption of modern biotechnology approaches further advanced and refined trait development and introduction beyond the scope possible through conventional breeding. However, crop yields continue to be challenged by abiotic and biotic factors that require the development of traits that are more genetically complex than can be addressed through conventional breeding or traditional genetic engineering. Therefore, more advanced trait development approaches are required to maintain and improve yields and production efficiency, especially as climate change accelerates the incidence of biotic and abiotic challenges to food and fibre crops. Synthetic biology (SynBio) encompasses approaches that design and construct new biological elements (e.g., enzymes, genetic circuits, cells) or redesign existing biological systems to build new and improved functions. SynBio ‘upgrades’ the potential of genetic engineering, which involves the transfer of single genes from one organism to another. This technology can enable the introduction of multiple genes in a single transgenic event, either derived from a foreign organism or synthetically generated. It can also enable the assembly of novel genomes from the ground up from a set of standardised genetic parts, which can then be transferred into the target cell or organism. New opportunities to advance breeding applications through exploiting SynBio technology include the introduction of new genes of known function, artificially creating genetic variation, topical applications of small RNAs as pesticides and potentially speeding up the production of new cultivars with elite traits. This review will draw upon case studies to demonstrate the potential application of SynBio to improve crop productivity and resistance to various challenges. Here, we outline specific solutions to challenges including fungal diseases, insect pests, heat and drought stress and nutrient acquisition in a range of important crops using the SynBio toolkit.
Growing Impact of Carbohydrate‐Based Organocatalysts
Authors: Singh Sumit K. , Mishra Nidhi , Kumar Sunil , Jaiswal Manoj K. , Tiwari Vinod K. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOrganocatalysis has emerged as one of the most progressive and prevailing field of organic synthesis to assist green chemistry. Constantly increasing demand of promising scaffolds to develop potent organocatalysts has impelled researchers to utilize the unique traits of carbohydrate moiety in this field. Biological significance of carbohydrates, as well as, their high natural abundance as chiral non‐racemic material, presence of multiple hydroxyl groups, several stereogenic centres, and easily modifiable structure make this moiety an appropriate skeleton to develop organocatalysts to enhance productivity and selectivity of a chemical transformation. 21stCentury has witnessed the progress of carbohydrate moiety in development of organocatalysts from obscurity to eminence. This review encapsulates the importance of carbohydrate scaffolds in organocatalysis mainly dealing with the synthesis and applications carbohydrate‐derived organocatalyst in different common organic reactions with their significance and future purspectives.
More than a year of pandemic: Longitudinal assessment of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the argentine general population during the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: del‐Valle Macarena Verónica , López‐Morales Hernán , Gelpi‐Trudo Rosario , Poó Fernando Martín , García Matías Jonás , Yerro‐Avincetto Matías , Andrés María Laura , Canet‐Juric Lorena , Urquijo Sebastián 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has radically changed daily life and the way we interact with others. It has also brought negative psychological consequences: several studies have reported increased levels of distress symptomatology at the onset of the pandemic. However, few longitudinal studies have been carried out, and even fewer in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse longitudinally the anxiety and depressive symptomatology of the Argentine general population during the first 13 months of the pandemic. The total sample included 988 adults (ages 18–77) from different regions of Argentina. Open‐access surveys were distributed via social media at five time points (March, April, May, August 2020 and April 2021). Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed through the Beck Depression Inventory‐II and the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. Mixed repeated‐measures ANOVA were applied, with time as a within‐subjects factor, and socioeconomic status, gender, and age group as between‐subjects factors. Results showed a progressive increases in anxiety (F (27.78, 3417.60) = 62.88, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.060) and depression (F (3.42, 3373.75) = 84.78, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.079) symptoms in the general population throughout the pandemic (except for a slight decrease in anxiety in Wave 2). All of the between‐subjects factors showed significant effects on both types of symptoms: female gender, younger age and lower income were associated with greater depression and anxiety in all waves. A time‐age interaction effect was found (F (10.26, 3364.05) = 2.99, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.009): after the third wave, depressive symptoms tended to decrease or stabilise in the young adult group, whereas there was a positive linear increase in the older groups. This study provided evidence that anxiety and depression symptoms tend to increase during crisis contexts, and that this effect is even more pronounced for certain vulnerable population groups. Mental health monitoring and support interventions should be included in government strategies to deal with the long‐term impact of the pandemic.
A Synthetic Protocell‐Based Heparin Scavenger
Authors: Liu Qing , Yang Shuo , Seitz Iris , Pistikou Anna‐Maria Makri , de Greef Tom F. A. , Kostiainen Mauri A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHeparin is a commonly applied blood anticoagulant agent in clinical use. After treatment, excess heparin needs to be removed to circumvent side effects and recover the blood‐clotting cascade. Most existing heparin antidotes rely on direct heparin binding and complexation, yet selective compartmentalization and sequestration of heparin would be beneficial for safety and efficiency. However, such systems have remained elusive. Herein, a semipermeable protein‐based microcompartment (proteinosome) is loaded with a highly positively charged chitosan derivative, which can induce electrostatics‐driven internalization of anionic guest molecules inside the compartment. Chitosan‐loaded proteinosomes are subsequently employed to capture heparin, and an excellent heparin‐scavenging performance is demonstrated under physiologically relevant conditions. Both the highly positive scavenger and the polyelectrolyte complex are confined and shielded by the protein compartment in a time‐dependent manner. Moreover, selective heparin‐scavenging behavior over serum albumin is realized through adjusting the localized scavenger or surrounding salt concentrations at application‐relevant circumstances. In vitro studies reveal that the cytotoxicity of the cationic scavenger and the produced polyelectrolyte complex is reduced by protocell shielding. Therefore, the proteinosome‐based systems may present a novel polyelectrolyte‐scavenging method for biomedical applications.
Sustainable‐Macromolecule‐Assisted Preparation of Cross‐linked, Ultralight, Flexible Graphene Aerogel Sensors toward Low‐Frequency Strain/Pressure to High‐Frequency Vibration Sensing
Authors: Zeng Zhihui , Wu Na , Yang Weidong , Xu Hao , Liao Yaozhong , Li Chenwei , Luković Mirko , Yang Yunfei , Zhao Shanyu , Su Zhongqing , Lu Xuehong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUltralight and highly flexible aerogel sensors, composed of reduced graphene oxide cross‐linked by sustainable‐macromolecule‐derived carbon, are prepared via facile freeze‐drying and thermal annealing. The synergistic combination of cross‐linked graphene nanosheets and micrometer‐sized honeycomb pores gives rise to the exceptional properties of the aerogels, including superior compressibility and resilience, good mechanical strength and durability, satisfactory fire‐resistance, and outstanding electromechanical sensing performances. The corresponding aerogel sensors, operated at an ultralow voltage of 0.2 V, can efficiently respond to a wide range of strains (0.1–80%) and pressures (13−2750 Pa) even at temperatures beyond 300 °C. Moreover, the ultrahigh‐pressure sensitivity of 10 kPa−1 and excellent sensing stability and durability are accomplished. Strikingly, the aerogel sensors can also sense the vibration signals with ultrahigh frequencies of up to 4000 Hz for >1 000 000 cycles, significantly outperforming those of other sensors. These enable successful demonstration of the exceptional performance of the cross‐linked graphene‐based biomimetic aerogels for sensitive monitoring of mechanical signals, e.g., acting as wearable devices for monitoring human motions, and for nondestructive monitoring of cracks on engineering structures, showing the great potential of the aerogel sensors as next‐generation electronics.
Soft, stretchable, wireless intelligent three‐lead electrocardiograph monitors with feedback functions for warning of potential heart attack
Authors: Yiu Chunki , Liu Yiming , Zhang Chao , Zhou Jingkun , Jia Huiling , Wong Tsz H. , Huang Xingcan , Li Jian , Yao Kuanming , Yau Ming K. , Zhao Ling , Li Hu , Zhang Binbin , Park Wooyoung , Zhang Yuanting , Wang Zuankai , Yu Xinge 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are fatal chronic diseases, where electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring could be a prominent solution for early diagnosis. In spite of available commercialized, multilead ECG devices, bulky formats, discontinuous monitoring, and no safety alarm system significantly limit their practical applications. Herein, we present a soft, and stretchable, three‐lead ECG device allowing continuous monitoring and wireless transmission of ECG signals. A newly developed organohydrogel patch with a strong adhesive ability (~9.9 kPa) and higher conductivity (~6.5 kΩ) is applied for high‐quality ECG signals collection. With a long operation duration (6.5 h) and wireless transmission distance (20.9 m), it could fulfill most of the daily applications. Machine learning algorithms and the graphical user interface are used for real‐time ECG monitoring and cardiac abnormalities diagnosis. The vibratory flexible actuator, which is triggered by cardiac abnormalities that need immediate medical treatment, is also integrated as a warning system for the user. As a newly reported stretchable multi‐lead ECG device for long‐term ECG signal monitoring, there is a high potential for improving users' life quality with the high‐risk population of CVDs.
Leichtbaukonstruktionen aus Feinblech
Authors: Trautz Martin , Pofahl Thorsten , Seiter Alex , Hirt Gerhard , Reitmaier Lisa‐Marie , Bailly David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDer Einsatz von Stahl im Bauwesen war über viele Jahre von engen Vorgaben hinsichtlich der einsetzbaren Halbzeuge geprägt und verlieh Stahlkonstruktionen häufig den Charakter von „Baukastensystemen“. Die Modernisierung der Bearbeitungsmethoden veränderte diese Gegebenheiten. Im digitalen Zeitalter ist es nunmehr möglich, nicht nur aufseiten der Produktion, sondern auch aufseiten des Entwurfs, der Darstellung, der Planung und der Konstruktion eine Prozesskette zu erstellen, mit deren Unterstützung hoch individualisierte Stahlbauteile erzeugt werden können, die Teil wiederum von individualisierten Bauwerken sind. Mit diesen Mitteln lassen sich Leichtbaukonstruktionen aus Blech mit individuellem Design erstellen, wie zwei Prototypen, die an der RWTH Aachen in Kooperation des Lehrstuhls Tragkonstruktionen mit dem Institut für Bildsame Formgebung entstanden sind, eindrücklich demonstrieren. Die neuartige Bauweise aus Feinblech erschließt einen für den Stahlbau bisher eher unzugänglichen Formenkanon und erweist sich als äußerst materialsparend und liegt so im Trend des nachhaltigen Bauens unserer Zeit.
Gender representation and academic achievement among STEM‐interested students in college STEM courses
Authors: Bowman Nicholas A. , Logel Christine , LaCosse Jennifer , Jarratt Lindsay , Canning Elizabeth A. , Emerson Katherine T. U. , Murphy Mary C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSubstantial gender equity gaps in postsecondary degree completion persist within many science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, and these disparities have not narrowed during the 21st century. Various explanations of this phenomenon have been offered; one possibility that has received limited attention is that the sparse representation of women itself has adverse effects on the academic achievement—and ultimately the persistence and graduation—of women who take STEM courses. This study explored the relationship between two forms of gender representation (i.e., the proportion of female students within a course and the presence of a female instructor) and grades within a sample of 11,958 STEM‐interested undergraduates enrolled in 8686 different STEM courses at 20 colleges and universities. Female student representation within a course predicted greater academic achievement in STEM for all students, and these findings were generally stronger among female students than male students. Female students also consistently benefitted more than male students from having a female STEM instructor. These findings were largely similar across a range of student and course characteristics and were robust to different analytic approaches; a notable exception was that female student representation had particularly favorable outcomes for female students (relative to male students) within mathematics/statistics and computer science courses.
The Intercultural Dimension in the New Zealand Language Teaching Context
Authors: East Martin , Tolosa Constanza , Howard Jocelyn , Biebricher Christine , Scott Adèle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChapter 10.1007/978-981-19-0991-7_2 highlighted the reality that, on the one hand, the development of language learners’ intercultural capability has become a significant focus of attention in a range of contexts across the globe. On the other hand, studies reveal the complexities involved with both defining and operationalising the intercultural dimension. Chapter 3 revisits New Zealand as the site for the study presented in this book. It expands on the brief introduction to the New Zealand context given in Chapter 10.1007/978-981-19-0991-7_1 and incorporates a review of New Zealand-based studies into the intercultural dimension of L2 learning.
Introducing the Two-Year Study
Authors: East Martin , Tolosa Constanza , Howard Jocelyn , Biebricher Christine , Scott Adèle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChapter 10.1007/978-981-19-0991-7_4 outlines the methodological underpinnings and the research procedures of the project reported in this book. The first part addresses the approaches and methodologies relevant to the research questions posed, followed by a discussion of the selected data collection methods and a consideration of related ethical issues. The next part provides a full description of the participants and the research procedures.
Journeys Towards Intercultural Capability: The Students’ Voices
Authors: East Martin , Tolosa Constanza , Howard Jocelyn , Biebricher Christine , Scott Adèle 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChapter 5 presents the inquiries undertaken by the five teacher partners as they, for the first time, reframed their language learning programmes to incorporate an explicit intercultural stance with their 11 to 13 year-old beginner language learners. The chapter opens with vignettes of what the teachers did with their students, based primarily on observational data. However, the key focus of the chapter is on the students’ journeys towards intercultural capability, and the chapter draws extensively on data collected from summative focus groups.
Bootstrapping large graviton non-Gaussianities
Authors: Cabass Giovanni , Pajer Enrico , Stefanyszyn David , Supeł Jakub 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Gravitational interferometers and cosmological observations of the cosmic microwave background offer us the prospect to probe the laws of gravity in the primordial universe. To study and interpret these datasets we need to know the possible graviton non-Gaussianities. To this end, we derive the most general tree-level three-point functions (bispectra) for a massless graviton to all orders in derivatives, assuming scale invariance. Instead of working with explicit Lagrangians, we take a bootstrap approach and obtain our results using the recently derived constraints from unitarity, locality and the choice of vacuum. Since we make no assumptions about de Sitter boosts, our results capture the phenomenology of large classes of models such as the effective field theory of inflation and solid inflation. We present formulae for the infinite number of parity-even bispectra. Remarkably, for parity-odd bispectra, we show that unitarity allows for only a handful of possible shapes: three for graviton-graviton-graviton, three for scalar-graviton-graviton and one for scalar-scalar-graviton, which we bootstrap explicitly. These parity-odd non-Gaussianities can be large, for example in solid inflation, and therefore constitute a concrete and well-motivated target for future observations.
Organerhalt: Entscheidungskriterien für Patienten mit T3-Larynxkarzinom
Authors: Dyckhoff Gerhard , Warta Rolf , Herold-Mende Christel , Plinkert Peter K. , Ramroth Heribert 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Derzeit gilt das größere, nicht mehr durch Teilresektionen behandelbare T3-Larynxkarzinom als optimaler Kandidat für einen Larynxorganerhalt (LP) mittels primärer Radiochemotherapie (pRCT). Wann wäre eine primäre Strahlentherapie (pRT) ggf. auch ohne Chemotherapiezusatz vertretbar, und wann selbst beim T3 doch eher die totale Laryngektomie mit risikoadaptierter adjuvanter Therapie (TL±aR[C]T) zu empfehlen?

Methodik
In der Literatur wurde nach Parametern gesucht, die bei nichtrandomisierten zweiarmigen LP-Studien als Kriterium für den Einschluss in den chirurgischen anstelle des konservativen Arms genannt wurden oder die sich nach konservativer Therapie als signifikante Prognosemarker herausstellen. Hieraus Entwicklung eines Beratungsinstruments für die Therapieentscheidung.

Ergebnisse
Als signifikante Prognosemarker beschrieben wurden das Tumorvolumen, das Vorhandensein und die Art der Stimmbandfixierung, das Ausmaß der Knorpelinfiltration, der N‑Status und die laryngeale Dysfunktion.

Diskussion
Beim T3-Larynxkarzinom scheint eine reine pRT vertretbar zu sein, wenn das Volumen < 3,5 ccm für glottische bzw. < 6 ccm für supraglottische Tumoren beträgt und keine weiteren Risikofaktoren vorliegen. Die pCRT kann als Standard des konservativen LP bei Tumoren mit einem Volumen zwischen 6 ccm und 12 ccm gelten, bei einer Stimmbandfixierung Succo I/II, einer allenfalls minimalen Knorpelinfiltration und einer hohen nodulären Tumorlast. Bei Tumoren mit einem Volumen > 12 ccm, einem Stimmbandfixierungsmuster Succo III/IV, ausgedehnter oder multipler Knorpelinfiltration oder relevanter laryngealer Dysfunktion sollte primär die TL±a[C]RT empfohlen werden.
Distribution of genus among numerical semigroups with fixed Frobenius number
Authors: Singhal Deepesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA numerical semigroup is a sub-monoid of the natural numbers under addition that has a finite complement. The size of its complement is called the genus and the largest number in the complement is called its Frobenius number. We consider the set of numerical semigroups with a fixed Frobenius number f and analyse their genus. We find the asymptotic distribution of genus in this set of numerical semigroups and show that it is a product of a Gaussian and a power series. We show that almost all numerical semigroups with Frobenius number f have genus close to $$\frac{3f}{4}$$

3
f

4

. We denote the number of numerical semigroups of Frobenius number f by N(f). While N(f) is not monotonic we prove that $$N(f)<N(f+2)$$

N
(
f
)
<
N
(
f
+
2
)

for every f.
Late blight resistance genes in potato breeding
Authors: Paluchowska Paulina , Śliwka Jadwiga , Yin Zhimin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
Using late blight resistance genes targeting conservative effectors of Phytophthora infestans and the constructing gene pyramids may lead to durable, broad-spectrum resistance, which could be accelerated through genetic engineering.

Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important food crops worldwide. In 2020, potato production was estimated to be more than 359 million tons according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Potato is affected by many pathogens, among which Phytophthora infestans, causing late blight, is of the most economic importance. Crop protection against late blight requires intensive use of fungicides, which has an impact on the environment and humans. Therefore, new potato cultivars have been bred using resistance genes against P. infestans (Rpi genes) that originate from wild relatives of potato. Such programmes were initiated 100 years ago, but the process is complex and long. The development of genetic engineering techniques has enabled the direct transfer of resistance genes from potato wild species to cultivars and easier pyramiding of multiple Rpi genes, which potentially increases the durability and spectrum of potato resistance to rapidly evolving P. infestans strains. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning Rpi genes. We also discuss the use of Rpi genes in breeding as well as their detection in existing potato cultivars. Last, we review new sources of Rpi genes and new methods used to identify them and discuss interactions between P. infestans and host.
PrEP Use in Times of COVID-19 in the Netherlands: Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) on PrEP Test Less for HIV and Renal Functioning During a COVID-19 Related Lockdown
Authors: Krist Lizette C. , Zimmermann Hanne M. L. , van Dijk Mart , Stutterheim Sarah E. , Jonas Kai J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, HIV care and prevention efforts have been disrupted. We investigated pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use and testing behaviors among MSM in the Netherlands, and the factors that influenced testing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cohort of 766 MSM, established in 2017, was asked in August 2020 to report on their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic via an online survey. Participants (n = 319) reported increased PrEP use and, among PrEP users (n = 211), significantly lower rates of having tested in the last 3 months for HIV and renal functioning compared to before the pandemic. Daily PrEP use and a higher number of sexual partners during the pandemic was significantly associated with continued HIV testing. Continued renal functioning testing was associated with older age. Correcting for pandemic-related disruptions in PrEP use and care will require sustained effort to understand and address missed opportunities.