bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Predictive Mortality Model for Advanced Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients Treated with Chemoradiation
Authors: Lo Wu-Chia , Chang Chih-Ming , Wu Chia-Yun , Hsieh Chen-Hsi , Shueng Pei-Wei , Cheng Po-Wen , Liao Li-Jen 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: To analyze clinical characteristics in the prediction of early mortality (within 1 year) in advanced oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation. Methods: 147 advanced oropharyngeal cancer patients who underwent curative-intent chemoradiation treatment were retrospectively enrolled. The pre-treatment clinical parameters including inflammatory markers were reviewed.Results: The 1-year overall mortality for all patients was 29% [95% confidence interval (CI): 23-37%]. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, hemoglobulin (Hb) < 13.5 gm/dl was an independent indicator of early mortality [Odds ratio (OR) 5.85, 95% CI 2.17-15.75, p < 0.001]. Systemic immune inflammation (SII) ≥ 1820 was also a significant factor for prediction of early mortality (OR 4.78, 95% CI 1.44-15.85, p = 0.011). We further used gander, age, Hb and SII to develop a nomogram to predict early mortality. The c-index of the model was 0.75 (95%CI 0.66-0.83). For patients with low nomogram score (< 14) versus high nomogram score (≥ 14), the 1-year and 2-year OS rates were 91% and 71% versus 53% and 29%, respectively. (p < 0.001). A difference in the disease persistence or recurrence rate between patients with high and low nomogram score was significant (73% and 28%, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The pre-treatment Hb < 13.5 gm/dl and SII ≥ 1820 are associated with higher risks of early mortality in patients with advanced oropharyngeal cancers. Nomogram can aid in patient counseling and treatment modality adjustment. The development of a more effective treatment protocol for patients with high nomogram score will be essential.
Effect of levothyroxine replacement on proteinuria and renal function in patients with overt hypothyroidism
Authors: Kizilgul Muhammed , Duger Hakan , Koca Fatma Inci , Hartavi Mustafa 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: Experimental studies demonstrated hypothyroidism leads to volume contraction and a decrease in renal blood flow via hypotension, an increase in vascular resistance and a decrease in renal sodium reabsorption. Recent studies postulated hypothyroidism might decrease the glomerular filtration rate and induce renal protein leakage. We aimed to investigate the effect of levothyroxine replacement treatment on proteinuria in patients with overt hypothyroidism.Design/Methods: Fifty-two patients (40 females, 12 males) with overt hypothyroidism were enrolled in the study. Levothyroxine dose of 1.6 mcg per kg was initiated. 24-hour urine sample was collected for measurement of proteinuria both before and after the replacement of levothyroxine. Demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory measurements were recorded.Results: Mean age, TSH, and free T4 were 40.76 ± 15.13 years, 82.92 ± 51.23 mIU/L, 0.49 ± 0.21 ng/dL, respectively. Mean TSH decreased from 82.92 ± 51.23 to 1.66 ± 1.09 whereas mean free T4 level increased from 0.49 ± 0.21 to 1.33 ± 0.22 (p<0.0001). 24-hour urinary protein decreased with the treatment (from 182.91 ± 122.76 mg/day to 121.35 ± 65.58 mg/day, p=0.0001). Serum creatinine decreased from 0.79 ± 0.19 mg/dL to 0.72 ± 0.15 (p=0.004) whereas GFR increased from 100.87 ± 19.23 to 110.95 ± 22.88 (p=0.0002). Conclusions: While creatinine levels and renal protein loss decreased with levothyroxine replacement treatment in patients with overt hypothyroidism, GFR increased. Hypothyroidism may lead to reversible renal dysfunction; however more comprehensive studies are needed to clarify these findings.
The predictive role of PlGF/sENG ratio in fetal growth restriction of early beginning associated with pre-eclampsia
Authors: Darmochwal-Kolarz Dorota , Chara Anita 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the concentrations of Placental Growth Factor (PlGF), soluble Endoglin (sENG), and PlGF/sENG ratio in pregnancy complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR) associated with pre-eclampsia (PE). The study group included 35 patients and the control group − 45 healthy pregnant women. The concentrations of PlGF and sENG were measured with the use of immune-enzymatic methods. The concentrations of PLGF were significantly lower in the study group when compared to controls. The concentrations of sENG were significantly higher in study patients when compared to controls. The PlGF/sENG ratio in the study group was significantly lower when compared to healthy third trimester pregnant patients. The positive correlations have been observed between sENG concentrations and the levels of D-Dimers in the study group. On the other hand, in the study group the negative correlations were observed between sENG concentrations and Prothrombin time, the neonatal birth weight and the duration of pregnancy. The correlations between PlGF/sENG ratio and the markers of disease severity were more profound when compared to correlations of single angiogenic factors and clinical and laboratory markers of the disease. The higher concentrations of sENG and lower PlGF/sENG ratio in the study group can be associated with the impaired process of the vascular formation in placenta. The PlGF/sENG ratio can be useful in the prediction of FGR associated with PE. Moreover, the results suggest the potential usefulness of the PlGF/sENG ratio in the monitoring of the severity of the syndrome.
Preventing effects of Pen Yan Jing Tablets on sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease by inhibiting Akt/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Tang Ping , Wu Zhongrui , Lin Juan , Jiang Yong , Luo Weipeng , Ye Yuxin , Yang Xinrong , Ding Qi , Wang Yiting , Wang Deqin , Lin Baoqin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Pen Yan Jing tablets (PYJ), a Chinese patent medicine, has been used for sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease (SPID) effectively. However, the underlying anti-SPID mechanisms of PYJ remain unknown. The Akt/NF-κB pathway plays an important role in promoting inflammation. This study was designed to investigate whether PYJ has preventing effects on SPID by inhibiting Akt/NF-κB pathway.Methods: A rat model of mixed bacteria liquid plus mechanical damage-induced SPID and a cell model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages were performed. After PYJ treatment, the morphology of uteri and extent of pelvic adhesion were observed. The pathological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The protein expressions of CD68, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were identified by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the viability and NO level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages were calculated by CCK-8 and Griess method, respectively. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were detected by ELISA. Protein kinase B (Akt)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway-related protein expressions were assayed by western blot. Results: PYJ not only remarkably alleviated morphological changes of uteri, pelvic adhesion and histological change of chronic inflammation in uteri, but also down-regulated protein expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1, COX-2, p-Akt, p65, p-p65 and p-IκBα in uteri. Moreover, PYJ medicated serum inhibited cell viability, NO release, levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and protein expressions of p-Akt, p-p65 and p-IκBα in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Conclusion: Taken together, the preventing effect of PYJ on SPID attributes to the anti-inflammatory activity via inhibiting Akt/NF-κB pathway.
Comparison of Outcomes for Triangular Tarsectomy and Limited Orbicularis Myectomy with Lower Lid Retractor Plication Versus Everting Sutures for Involutional Entropion.
Authors: Abdullah Al-Mujaini , Mehbub Ul Kadir Syeed , Prakash Maurya Rajendra 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the outcomes of triangular tarsectomy and limited orbicularis myectomy with lower eyelid retractor plication versus an everting sutures technique for the correction of lower eyelid involutional entropion.Methods: A prospective quasi-study was conducted at two tertiary eye hospitals in Bangladesh between January 2016 and December 2019. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select patients with lower eyelid involutional entropion. Patients in group A underwent triangular tarsectomy and limited orbicularis myectomy with lower eyelid retractor plication, whereas those in group B received everting sutures. All participants underwent regular follow-up and all surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. Results: A total of 58 patients in whom 60 eyelids were affected by lower eyelid involutional entropion were included in the study. The success rate was higher in group A compared to group B (100% versus 86.7%; p <0.50). Recurrence at a one-year follow-up was noted in only four (13.3%) cases, all of whom were in group B. However, patients in group A experienced a higher frequency of minimal postoperative complications, including short-term pain (83.3%) and ecchymosis (40%). Both approaches to entropion correction were successful in terms of cosmetic outcome. Conclusions: Triangular tarsectomy and limited orbicularis myectomy with eyelid retractor plication should be considered the definitive procedure for the correction of lower eyelid involutional entropion with minimal or no recurrence. However, everting sutures represent a minimally invasive and cost-effective alternative which can be considered for patients with comorbidities or contraindications, those afraid of surgery, and those of low socioeconomic means.
Effects of Different Pore Structures on Loading and Sustained-Release of MMC by Hollow Mesoporous Fe(0)@mSiO2
Authors: Chang Ziling , Dong Mengyang , Li Huafei , Yang Yuxiang , Yuan Hongming , Ni Chaoying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Herein, we developed the dual-function template method to fabricate hollow magnetic nano-spheres (denoted as HMFe-Si-Cn, n=16, 18) with a mesoporous shell and hollow interior structure using alkyl chain trimethoxysilane templating. The shorter chain template directed formation of HMFe-Si-C16 with size of 119 nm, having disordered inkbottle type mesopores and saturation magnetization of 50.01 emu/g higher than that of HMFe-Si-C18 with cylindrical type mesopores. By contrast, Mitomycin C (MMC) loading efficiency of HMFe-Si-C16 was higher owing to the fact that the pore size, surface area, and pore volume of HMFe-Si-C16 were larger than those of HMFe-Si-C18. Besides, MMC loaded HMFe-Si-Cn hollow spheres showed a clear pH-dependent drug release behavior, having a higher release rate in acidic environments of pH 5.7. For the pH 5.7 and 7.4 release, the release kinetic for HMFe-Si-C16-MMC composites follows pseudo-first-order attributable to its special pore structure. For this reason the inner cavity of HMFe-Si-C16 could be labeled with radioisotope 99Tcm to study the magnetic targeting distribution of HMFe-Si-C16 in vivo, and its cytotoxicity against in vitro HeLa cells was also studied. These results indicate the potential of HMFe-Si-C16 in the magnetic targeted drug delivery system.
Comparison of robot-assisted surgery, laparoscopic-assisted surgery, and conventional open surgery for the treatment of gastric cancer： A network meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Yuan , Tian Zhiqiang , Shen Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
To systematically evaluate the predictive efficacy of robotic-assisted distal gastrectomy (RG) with D2 lymphadenectomy.
Methods
Through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and other databases, the English literature comparing three surgical procedures of conventional open distal gastrectomy, laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy, and robot-assisted distal gastrectomy published from 2015 to December 2021 were collected. The included literature's quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Jadad scale, and Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and R-Studio software.
Results
A total of 13,724 patients were included in 29 publications. Meta-analysis showed that among the three had surgical modalities, the robotic-assisted treatment took the longest time in terms of operative time and was most likely to cause postoperative intestinal obstruction, but performed best in terms of length of hospital stay and had the best postoperative results in preventing abdominal infection, bleeding, anastomotic leakage, pneumonia, and overall postoperative complications.
Conclusion
Robotic-assisted distal gastrectomy is safe and feasible. Patients have an excellent postoperative prognosis, but there are still some problems with the robotic-assisted treatment itself and more aspects to be considered clinically. We expect to improve robotic technology and promote the development of minimally invasive surgery in the future.
Identification of large offspring syndrome during pregnancy through ultrasonography and maternal blood transcriptome analyses
Authors: Rivera Rocío Melissa , Goldkamp Anna Katherine , Patel Bhaumik Narendrabhai , Hagen Darren Erich , Soto-Moreno Edgar Joel , Li Yahan , Kim Chris Nayoon , Miller Cliff , III Fred Williams , Jannaman Elizabeth , Xiao Yao , Tribulo Paula , Estrada-Cortés Eliab , Brau-Rodríguez Astrid Roshealy , Hansen Peter James , Wu Zhoulin , Spinka Christine Marie , Martin Neal , Elsik Chrsitine G 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in cattle can result in large/abnormal offspring syndrome (LOS/AOS) which is characterized by macrosomia. LOS can cause dystocia and lead to the death of dam and calf. Currently, no test exists to identify LOS pregnancies. We hypothesized that fetal ultrasonography and/or maternal blood markers are useful to identify LOS. Bovine fetuses were generated by artificial insemination (control) or ART. Fetal ultrasonographies were taken on gestation day 55 (D55) and fetal collections performed on D56 or D105 (gestation in cattle ≈280 days). ART fetuses weighing ≥97 percentile of the control weight were considered LOS. Ultrasonography results show that the product of six D55 measurements can be used to identify extreme cases of LOS. To determine whether maternal blood can be used to identify LOS, leukocyte mRNA from 23 females was sequenced. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering grouped the transcriptomes of the two females carrying the two largest LOS fetuses. Comparison of the leukocyte transcriptomes of these two females to the transcriptome of all other females identified several misregulated transcripts on gestation D55 and D105 with LOC783838 and PCDH1 being misregulated at both time-points. Together our data suggest that LOS is identifiable during pregnancy in cattle.
Influence of Machining Surface Finishing on Cavitation Resistance of a GWAW Deposited Cobalt Austenitic Stainless-Steel Coating
Authors: Marczal Mauricio Daniel , Holzmann Henrique Ajuz , Pukasiewicz Anderson Geraldo Marenda , Junior Aldo Braghini 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The cavitation phenomenon represents a serious efficiency problem for hydro generators. Long repair periods associated with a total equipment stoppage have a significant impact on the effective cost of turbine maintenance. Welding is followed by grinding finish, and depends on the operator’s skill, which can cause significant changes in the profile of the component, as well as in its roughness. Low values of roughness in the recovered surface can reduce the loss of mass by cavitation. Understanding the cavitation phenomenon, associated with the surfaces obtained by different machining conditions, can promote a better understanding of wear mechanisms related to cavitation on machined surfaces. This article has evaluated the mass loss and the roughness profiles produced by different conditions of machining in a cavitation resistant austenitic stainless-steel coating, deposited on to martensitic stainless steel. Polished and ground samples were used as surface condition references. The results indicated that the surface finish obtained by machining influences the cavitation process, mostly in the incubation stage. The cavitation mass loss occurs mainly through pitting mechanisms in micro-burr regions with detachment of adhered material, resulting from machining conditions. As for the evolution of the roughness throughout the experiments, the polished, ground and machined samples showed different behaviors.
Investigation on the cosmic-ray shadow of planets and asteroids
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Jun , Huang X. Y. , He J. Y. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The moon shadow and sun shadow of cosmic rays are commonly used to calibrate the angular resolution of the instrument in extensive air shower experiments, measure the proton-antiproton ratio, and study the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The shadow effect of planets and asteroids in the solar system, on the other hand, has received little attention. If considerable shadow effects can be observed, a novel approach may be developed to calibrate the point spread function and investigate the IMF. In this work, we calculate the sensitivity of observing the shadow effects of planets and asteroids in the next hundred years using LHAASO’s instrumental response as an example. The result shows that the blocking impact of these celestial bodies is minimal; thus, their influence on the direction distribution of cosmic rays is negligible.
The use of readily available laboratory tests for the identification of the emerging yeast Candida auris in Mexico
Authors: Caceres Diego Hernando , Elizabeth González-Durán , Claudia Ríos-Rosas , Dolores Téllez-Saucedo M , Ernesto Ramírez-González J , Gabriela Ramírez-Barrios J , Nancy Martínez-Montiel , Rebeca Martínez-Contreras , Pablo García-Ruíz , Isabel Salazar-Sánchez M , Lucia Hernández-Rivas , Irma López-Martínez 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Identification of the emerging multidrug resistant yeast Candida auris is challenging. Here we described the role of the Mexico national reference laboratory Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez (InDRE) and the Mexican national laboratory network in the identification of C. auris. Reference identification was performed based on phenotypic and molecular laboratory methods, including growth in special media, evaluation of isolate micromorphology, and species-specific PCR and pan-fungal PCR and sequencing. C. auris isolates were able to grow on modified Sabouraud agar with 10% NaCl incubated at 40°C. With one exception, isolates of C. auris were spherical to ovoid yeast-like cells and blastoconidia, with no hyphae or pseudohyphae on cornmeal agar. C. auris isolates were resistant to fluconazole. Species-specific and pan-fungal PCR confirmed isolates as C. auris. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of two different C. auris clades in Mexico, clade I (South Asia) and clade IV (South America).
Stokes correlation to estimate topological charge from the speckle pattern
Authors: Sarkar Tushar , SINGH RAKESH KUMAR 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the vortex or helical beam, connected with the topological charge (TC) of the beam, has been used as an alternative degree of freedom to encode and decode the information in the optical signals. Many detection schemes have been established to determine the TC configurations and decode the information at the receiver end of the encoded information from the transmitter end for the free space. However, when the helical beam is transmitted through the scattering medium, its wavefront is spatially scrambled without any direct information about the incident helical beam. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a new approach to estimate the TC of the helical beam from the non-imaged randomly scattered pattern. The technique utilizes Stokes parameters (SPs) of the random field to evaluate higher-order SPs fluctuation correlation. A complete theoretical model of the technique is presented and verified with numerical simulation and experimental tests. A good agreement is found between the simulation and experimental results.
Long non-coding RNA Neat1 promotes acute kidney disease via activation of NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Tang Sydney , Xue Rui , Yiu Wai Han , Chan Kam Wa , Lok Sarah , Zou Yixin , Ma Jingyuan , Li Hongyu , Chan Loretta YY , Lai Kar Neng , Lan Hui Yao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized patients and is associated with high mortality. Inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of AKI. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being increasingly recognized as regulators of the inflammatory and immune response. In this study, we first observed significantly increased urinary and circulating lncRNA Neat1 among 66 hospitalized patients with AKI versus control subjects from a primary care clinic; and among kidney transplant recipients, Neat1 levels were highest after surgery followed by a prompt decline to normal levels in parallel with recovery of kidney function. Next, in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic AKI, in which kidney tubular Neat1 was increased, short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of Neat1 in the kidney preserved kidney function by lowering BUN and serum creatinine/cystatin C, protected against tubular apoptosis and suppressed overexpression of AKI biomarkers KIM-1 and NGAL, leukocyte infiltration and both intrarenal and systemic inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. Finally, in LPS-treated C1.1 mouse kidney tubular cells, Neat1 was induced via the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway which promoted subsequent activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes via binding with another scaffold protein, Rack1. Silencing of Neat1 in C1.1 cells ameliorated LPS-induced upregulation of IL-6, whereas overexpressing Neat1 alone without LPS stimulation was sufficient to drive C1.1 cells into a proinflammatory phenotype. In conclusion, Neat1 exerts a prominent role in AKI by promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and is a potential novel biomarker and therapeutic target for AKI.
LPS-induced complex polarization of astrocytes and microglia in rats
Authors: Zhu Afang , Cui Huan , Su Wenliang , Liu Chaoqun , Shen Le , Yu Xuerong , Huang Yuguang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A1 astrocytes are activated through M1 microglial secretion, which often be induced via 0.1 mg/kg systemic lipopolysaccharides (LPS). While a larger dose of 5 mg/kg LPS, similar to the dose used for liver injury or sepsis model, was adopted to induce A1. This study was designed to investigate a safer and effective LPS dose to induce A1, and the synchronized changes of other glial phenotypes since both astrocytes and microglia can be activated by LPS. Gene expression changes in 72 specific phenotypic markers of astrocytes and microglia were tested following the administration of systemic LPS ranging from 0.1 to 5 mg/kg, after exposure for 24 h in the cortex, hippocampus and spinal cord, using methods including RT-PCR, co-immunofluorescence, and single-cell RNA sequence. The results showed that anti-inflammatory A2 and M2 phenotypes were also activated by LPS, not the pro-inflammatory A1, M1, and A-pan phenotypes alone. But more A1 than A2 were activated even with low-dose LPS exposure. With respect to microglia, LPS induced a mild and equal level of M1 and M2 activation, indicating 24 h exposure is not proper to stimulate M1. Only several activated markers like C3, Marco and Ym1 showed good consistency among tissues with various dose of LPS. Collectively, systemic LPS induced a rather complex polarization of A1, A2, A-pan, M1, and M2. A smaller LPS dose like 1 or 3 mg/kg could be available to induce A1, and selection of phenotypic markers should be optimized by considering the LPS dose and target tissue.