bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined heart‐liver‐kidney transplant: The university of Chicago medicine experience
Authors: Perez‐Gutierrez Angelica , Siddiqi Umar , Kim Gene , Rangrass Govind , Kacha Aalok , Jeevanandam Valluvan , Becker Yolanda , Potter Lisa , Fung John , Baker Talia B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundUntil recently, combined heart‐liver‐kidney transplantation was considered too complex or too high‐risk an option for patients with end‐stage heart failure who present with advanced liver and kidney failure as well.AimsThe objective of this paper is to present our institution's best practices for successfully executing this highly challenging operation. At our institution, referral patterns are most often initiated through the cardiac team.ResultsDeterminants of successful outcomes include diligent multidisciplinary patient selection, detailed perioperative planning, and choreographed care transition and coordination among all transplant teams. The surgery proceeds in three distinct phases with three different teams, linked seamlessly in planned handoffs. The selection and perioperative care are executed with determined collaboration of all of the invested care teams.ConclusionsCombined heart‐liver‐kidney transplantation can be successfully done by careful selection, coordination, and execution.
20‐month‐olds selectively generalize newly learned word meanings based on cues to linguistic community membership
Authors: Weatherhead Drew , Werker Janet F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA growing body of work suggests that speaker‐race influences how infants and toddlers interpret the meanings of words. In two experiments, we explored the role of speaker‐race on whether newly learned word‐object pairs are generalized to new speakers. Seventy‐two 20‐month‐olds were taught two word‐object pairs from a familiar race speaker, and two different word‐object pairs from an unfamiliar race speaker (four new pairs total). Using an intermodal preferential looking procedure, their interpretation of these new word‐object pairs was tested using an unpictured novel speaker. We found that toddlers did not generalize word meanings taught by an unfamiliar race speaker to a new speaker (Experiment 1), unless given evidence that the unfamiliar race speaker was a member of the child's linguistic community through affiliative behaviour and linguistic competence (Experiment 2). In both experiments, generalization was observed for the word‐object pairs taught by the familiar race speaker. These experiments indicate that children attend to speakers’ non‐linguistic properties, and this, in turn, can influence the perceived relevance of speakers’ labels.
Fatty kidney: A possible future for chronic kidney disease research
Authors: Kanbay Mehmet , Copur Sidar , Demiray Atalay , Sag Alan A. , Covic Adrian , Ortiz Alberto , Tuttle Kathherine R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome is a growing twenty‐first century pandemic associated with multiple clinical comorbidities ranging from cardiovascular diseases, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome to kidney dysfunction. A novel area of research investigates the concept of fatty kidney in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease, especially in patients with diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome.AimTo review the most updated literature on fatty kidney and provide future research, diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives on a disease increasingly affecting the contemporary world.Materials and MethodWe performed an extensive literature search through three databases including Embase (Elsevier) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley) and PubMed/Medline Web of Science in November 2021 by using the following terms and their combinations: ‘fatty kidney’, ‘ectopic fat’, ‘chronic kidney disease’, ‘cardiovascular event’, ‘cardio‐metabolic risk’, ‘albuminuria’ and ‘metabolic syndrome’. Each study has been individually assessed by the authors.ResultsOxidative stress and inflammation, Klotho deficiency, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption of cellular energy balance appear to be the main pathophysiological mechanisms leading to tissue damage following fat accumulation. Despite the lack of large‐scale comprehensive studies in this novel field of research, current clinical trials demonstrate fatty kidney as an independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular events.ConclusionThe requirement for future studies investigating the pathophysiology, clinical outcomes and therapeutics of fatty kidney is clear.
Nutrients and herbivores impact grassland stability across spatial scales through different pathways
Authors: Chen Qingqing , Wang Shaopeng , Seabloom Eric W. , MacDougall Andrew S. , Borer Elizabeth T. , Bakker Jonathan D. , Donohue Ian , Knops Johannes M. H. , Morgan John W. , Carroll Oliver , Crawley Mick , Bugalho Miguel N. , Power Sally A. , Eskelinen Anu , Virtanen Risto , Risch Anita C. , Schütz Martin , Stevens Carly , Caldeira Maria C. , Bagchi Sumanta , Alberti Juan , Hautier Yann 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNutrients and herbivores are well‐known drivers of grassland diversity and stability in local communities. However, whether they interact to impact the stability of aboveground biomass and whether these effects depend on spatial scales remain unknown. It is also unclear whether nutrients and herbivores impact stability via different facets of plant diversity including species richness, evenness, and changes in community composition through time and space. We used a replicated experiment adding nutrients and excluding herbivores for 5 years in 34 global grasslands to explore these questions. We found that both nutrient addition and herbivore exclusion alone reduced stability at the larger spatial scale (aggregated local communities; gamma stability), but through different pathways. Nutrient addition reduced gamma stability primarily by increasing changes in local community composition over time, which was mainly driven by species replacement. Herbivore exclusion reduced gamma stability primarily by decreasing asynchronous dynamics among local communities (spatial asynchrony). Their interaction weakly increased gamma stability by increasing spatial asynchrony. Our findings indicate that disentangling the processes operating at different spatial scales may improve conservation and management aiming at maintaining the ability of ecosystems to reliably provide functions and services for humanity.
Agronomical and breeding approaches to improve the nutritional status of forage crops for better livestock productivity
Authors: Chand Subhash , Indu  , Singhal Rajesh Kumar , Govindasamy Prabhu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBalanced feeding to livestock can effectively convert the non‐edible forage crops into human food. Balanced output and input feeding systems further will result in greater animal health and production outcomes, with greater capacity to support growing global food demands. It also positively impacts the global economy and livelihood support of those entirely depending on livestock rearing. In general, plants are made up of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, fibres, lignin, minerals and vitamins of varying concentrations. These nutritional components in forage crops are key determinants of livestock growth, reproduction, behaviour, productivity and end‐product quality (milk and meat etc.). A high proportion of lignin, undigested fibres, and anti‐nutritional factors (cyanogenic glucosides, Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and condensed tannins) adversely affect the nutritional quality of forage crops. This review highlighted the importance of nutritional and anti‐nutritional components and their inter‐relationship with diverse agro‐climatic conditions. Further, we tried to cover the recent agronomical, conventional and non‐conventional breeding methods to improve the nutritional quality of forage crops concerning livestock productivity.
Migraine and light: A narrative review
Authors: Artemenko Ada R. , Filatova Elena , Vorobyeva Yulia D. , Do Thien Phu , Ashina Messoud , Danilov Alexey B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn this narrative review, we summarize clinical and experimental data on the effect of light in migraine and discuss future prospects.BackgroundEffective nonpharmacological treatment of hypersensitivity to light in migraine is an unmet clinical need. Current management strategies primarily consist of seeking a dark room and avoiding light exposure. Advances in the past 2 decades have improved our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of how migraine is influenced by light. This may provide promising avenues for novel approaches in clinical management.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE for articles published from database inception up to September 1, 2021. We used the search term “migraine” with the search terms “light,” “photophobia,” “treatment,” “trigger,” “circadian rhythm,” “environment,” and/or “pathophysiology.”ResultsLight is commonly reported as a trigger factor of migraine attacks, however, early manifestation of photophobia and false attribution is likely the actual cause based on data deriving from retrospective, prospective, and experimental studies. The most common photophobia symptoms in migraine are exacerbation of headache by light and abnormal sensitivity to light with the underlying neural pathways likely being dependent on ongoing activity in the trigeminovascular system. Clinical studies and experimental models have identified mediators of photophobia and uncovered narrow wavebands of the light spectrum that may reduce pain intensity during a migraine attack. Consequently, novel devices have undergone exploratory clinical trials with promising results.ConclusionFalse attribution is likely the reason why light is commonly reported as a trigger factor of migraine attacks, and a prospective confirmation is required to prevent unnecessary avoidance. The observation that individuals with migraine are not equally photophobic to all wavebands of the light spectrum opens the potential for innovative pain management strategies. In this context, using human‐centric lighting (also called integrative lighting) to mimic the natural daylight cycle and avoid harmful wavebands through modern technology may prove beneficial. Future research should identify direct and indirect consequences of light and other environmental factors in migraine to fill out knowledge gaps and enable evidence‐based care strategies within institutions, work environments, and other settings.
The reported external traumas among people with diabetes‐related foot ulcers and their outcomes: A systematic review of case reports
Authors: Abu‐Qamar Ma'en Zaid , Kemp Vivien , Whitehead Lisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe objective of this systematic review was to collate evidence published in case reports on the reported origins of external traumas that contribute to the development of diabetic foot ulcers and their outcomes. The review also aimed to suggest reporting criteria for external traumas contributing to the development of diabetic foot ulcers. The search strategy led to the identification of 1224 articles across six electronic databases. Additional articles were also sourced from other electronic platforms (Google scholar) and the reference lists of the included case reports. Ninety‐four articles met the inclusion criteria and were published between 1989 and 2020. The included case reports were independently assessed for methodological quality using a Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Following the verbatim extraction of data, the JBI three steps approach to “meta‐aggregation” for managing qualitative data was used to synthesise the data on external traumas that contributed to the development of foot ulcers along with the reported outcome. Information on the included case report characteristics was also extracted. The case reports included 155 patients. Average age was 57.2 years with a range from 17 to 86 years. External traumas were mainly experienced in the domestic setting and were categorised into two main categories, mechanical trauma (n = 87, 60%) or burns (n = 58, 40%). The most frequently reported origins of external trauma were contact with a hot surface, animal bites, friction, and puncture wounds. Although healing was the most frequent outcome, a prolonged time was recorded for the ulcers to heal highlighting the importance of prevention. Prevention might not eradicate origins of external trauma 100%, showing the importance of patient and/or family role in monitoring domestic risks, early detection of ulcer and seeking immediate professional care. Foot ulcers need to be reported against standardised criteria considering local characteristics of the ulcer and the individual's general profile.
Effect of single water adsorption on the bond order of calcium silicates and its implication for hydration variation
Authors: Qi Chongchong , Xu Xinhang , Wu Mengting , Chen Qiusong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe differences in hydration between β‐C2S and M3‐C3S, the main phases of silicate cement, have not been fully investigated. In this study, density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the structure and bond order of β‐C2S and M3‐C3S before and after the molecular and dissociative adsorption of single water atoms. The unit cell of M3‐C3S was found to have some O atoms with lower bond orders than those in β‐C2S, implying higher chemical reactivity of O atoms in M3‐C3S. The total bond orders of water atoms generally decreased after molecular adsorption, but reductions were minimal, and there were even increases, when the hydrogen bonding among H and surface O atoms was very weak in several M3‐C3S surfaces. In the case of dissociative adsorption, the bond orders of water O–H hydroxyl tended to increase, and the other bond orders among water atoms decreased sharply, even to zero in some cases. Moreover, the bond order variations of water atoms of β‐C2S and M3‐C3S in molecular adsorption were highly correlated with the adsorption energy, with correlation coefficients of 0.9070 and 0.8330, respectively. In both molecular and dissociative adsorption of β‐C2S and M3‐C3S, the total bond order among Ca atoms with other surface atoms decreased after the Ca atoms adsorbed water atoms. This phenomenon also appeared in the dissociative adsorption of surface O atoms. In M3‐C3S, the total strength of the surface O atom bonded to other surface atoms after dissociative adsorption was similar to the strength of the surface O–H hydroxyl bond. The special O atoms in M3‐C3S showed a clear layered arrangement on the surfaces. In the case of dissociative adsorption, H atoms were preferentially adsorbed to special O atoms in the surface layer.
Annual Research Review: Translational machine learning for child and adolescent psychiatry
Authors: Dwyer Dominic , Koutsouleris Nikolaos 
Published: January 2022

Children and adolescents could benefit from the use of predictive tools that facilitate personalized diagnoses, prognoses, and treatment selection. Such tools have not yet been deployed using traditional statistical methods, potentially due to the limitations of the paradigm and the need to leverage large amounts of digital data. This review will suggest that a machine learning approach could address these challenges and is designed to introduce new readers to the background, methods, and results in the field. A rationale is first introduced followed by an outline of fundamental elements of machine learning approaches. To provide an overview of the use of the techniques in child and adolescent literature, a scoping review of broad trends is then presented. Selected studies are also highlighted in order to draw attention to research areas that are closest to translation and studies that exhibit a high degree of experimental innovation. Limitations to the research, and machine learning approaches generally, are outlined in the penultimate section highlighting issues related to sample sizes, validation, clinical utility, and ethical challenges. Finally, future directions are discussed that could enhance the possibility of clinical implementation and address specific questions relevant to the child and adolescent psychiatry. The review gives a broad overview of the machine learning paradigm in order to highlight the benefits of a shift in perspective towards practically oriented statistical solutions that aim to improve clinical care of children and adolescents.
ADHD in girls and women: a call to action – reflections on Hinshaw et al. (2021)
Authors: Chronis‐Tuscano Andrea 
Published: January 2022

This is a commentary on Hinshaw, Nguyen, O’Grady & Rosenthal’s ‘ADHD in Girls and Women: Underrepresentation, Longitudinal Processes, and Key Directions’, which reviews the empirical literature on female‐specific impairments, mechanisms and developmental pathways. Having conducted one of the most prominent and informative longitudinal investigations of girls with and without ADHD, Hinshaw et al. (2021) provide a compelling synthesis of their findings, highlighting research and clinical priorities. In this commentary, I highlight the pernicious effects of unrecognized and untreated ADHD in girls and women, challenges of making an accurate differential diagnosis and the need to raise awareness among health professionals, educators and parents about the clinical presentation of girls with ADHD in order to achieve earlier identification and intervention that can interrupt the developmental trajectory to widespread impairment, comorbidity and, in some cases, devastating outcomes.
Biology of human milk oligosaccharides: From basic science to clinical evidence
Authors: Sprenger Norbert , Tytgat Hanne L. P. , Binia Aristea , Austin Sean , Singhal Atul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been researched by scientists for over 100 years, driven by the substantial evidence for the nutritional and health benefits of mother's milk. Yet research has truly bloomed during the last decade, thanks to progress in biotechnology, which has allowed the production of large amounts of bona fide HMOs. The availability of HMOs has been particularly crucial for the renewed interest in HMO research because of the low abundance or even absence of HMOs in farmed animal milk. This interest is reflected in the increasing number of original research publications and reviews on HMOs. Here, we provide an overview and critical discussion on structure–function relations of HMOs that highlight why they are such interesting and important components of human milk. Clinical observations in breastfed infants backed by basic research from animal models provide guidance as to what physiological roles for HMOs are to be expected. From an evidence‐based nutrition viewpoint, we discuss the current data supporting the clinical relevance of specific HMOs based on randomised placebo‐controlled clinical intervention trials in formula‐fed infants.
Households' Balance Sheets and the Effect of Fiscal Policy
Authors: ANDRÉS JAVIER , BOSCÁ JOSÉ E. , FERRI JAVIER , FUENTES‐ALBERO CRISTINA 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUsing households' balance‐sheet composition in the Panel Survey of Income Dynamics, we identify six household types. Since 1999, there has been a decline in the share of patient households and an increase in the share of impatient households with negative wealth. Using a six‐agent New Keynesian model with search and matching frictions, we explore how changes in households' shares affect the transmission of government spending shocks. We show that the relative share of households in the left tail of the wealth distribution plays a key role in the aggregate marginal propensity to consume, the magnitude of fiscal multipliers, and the distributional consequences of government spending shocks. While the output and consumption multipliers are positively correlated with the share of households with negative wealth, the size of the employment multiplier is negatively correlated. Moreover, our calibrated model can deliver jobless fiscal expansions.
Tectonothermal transition from continental collision to post‐collision: Insights from eclogites overprinted in the ultrahigh‐temperature granulite facies (Yadong region, central Himalaya)
Authors: Wu Chenguang , Zhang Lifei , Li Qingyun , Bader Thomas , Wang Yang , Fu Bin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEclogites and granulites are fossil records of orogenies and provide crucial evidence of geodynamic processes. Incomplete knowledge on both hampers the establishment of detailed tectonothermal models for the central Himalaya. Utilizing detailed petrography, pseudosection modelling, mineral thermometers, and zircon petrochronology, the granulitized eclogites discovered firstly at Yadong region at the southern tip of the Yadong–Gulu Rift record five metamorphic stages. The epidote–amphibole eclogite facies metamorphism (M1) is preserved in the garnet core including the relics of omphacite. The peak eclogite facies metamorphism (M2) is represented by the garnet rim and melt‐related polymineralic inclusions. From M1 to M2, the eclogites experienced a prograde path from 1.7 GPa/620°C to 2.1 GPa/750–770°C. The clockwise pressure–temperature path, the occurrence as coherent layers in gneiss, and zircon U–Pb dating imply that the Indian crust subducted to a maximum depth of ~60 km in the central Himalaya, close to the Moho of southern Lhasa block at c. 17 Ma. Afterwards, the exhumation started with decompressional heating. In the high‐pressure granulite facies metamorphism (M3), almost all the omphacite broke down to the symplectites of diopside and plagioclase. The subsequent two‐pyroxene granulite facies metamorphism (M4) is characterized by the intergrowth of clinopyroxenes and orthopyroxenes, high‐Ti amphibole, and antiperthite. The exhumed eclogites eventually reached ultrahigh‐temperature conditions of ~0.8 GPa/950–1,000°C in M4 and were near completely transformed into mafic granulites. At the final stage, these granulitized eclogites cooled in the middle crust to amphibolite facies (M5) of 0.6 GPa/700–750°C. Given the spatio‐temporal consistencies between the granulitized eclogites, post‐collisional magmatism, and north‐trending rifts, the heat source of the ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism was attributed to the upwelling of asthenospheric mantle due to slab tear of subducted Indian lithosphere. The granulitized eclogites from Yadong evolved from the high‐pressure eclogite to the ultrahigh‐temperature granulite facies, which recorded the transitions from collisional convergence to post‐collisional extension during their exhumation.