bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational Success in Transitional China: The Gaokao and Learning Capital in Elite Professional Service Firms
Authors: Ren Ran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite fruitful findings on the reasons underlying the desire for educational success and scarce credentials among students and families, there is little research on the meaning of educational success in the marketplace. As higher education in China has expanded to aid better-quality growth and the transition to a knowledge-based economy, educational success has become increasingly critical in the allocation of socioeconomic rewards. As such, insights into how educational success and concomitant credentials are valorized are empirically and theoretically significant. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 73 recruiters for elite professional service firms, this study analyses the meanings underlying the process of valorizing educational success and elite credentials. It shows that success in the gaokao, or entry to higher education, was qualitatively salient in excluding candidates, while information about subject domains and marks/class rank carried relatively less weight. Recruiters based the value of educational success on the notion of “learning ability,” which reflected their shared understandings about Chinese educational selection/institutions and wider conditions of elite professional firms. On this basis, this paper argues for the development of learning capital as a new theoretical lens for approaching educational success and credentials in transitional China.
The Mechanistic Determination of Doping Contrast from Fermi Level Pinned Surfaces in the Scanning Electron Microscope Using Energy-Filtered Imaging and Calculated Potential Distributions
Authors: Chee Augustus KW 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Secondary electron (SE) doping contrast in the scanning electron microscope is correlated with Fermi level pinned surfaces of Si samples prepared using HF-based wet-chemical treatment or focused ion beam (FIB) micromachining en route to quantitative dopant profiling. Using energy-resolved SE imaging techniques and finite-element analyses of surface states and surface junction potentials, we clarified the surface band-bending effects post-NH4F-treatment, consistent with brighter p-contrast from degenerately doped (&gt;1019 cm−3) regions. In general, SE spectromicroscopy scan measurements unambiguously indicated heavy suppression of patch fields, while the empirical discovery of scan frequency-modulated contrast inversion due to Chee et al. [Springer Proceedings in Physics, 120, pp. 407–410 (2008)] is ascribable to competing fixed oxide charge and dynamic charge injection phenomena (particularly at dwell times &gt;29 μs). Leveraging numerical simulations of electric potentials and variable-voltage experimental data, the theoretical model based on amorphization damage-mediated Fermi level pinning is elucidated for Ga+ FIB-processed site-specific doping contrast on patch field-free surfaces. This work successfully argues against the notion that doping contrast ultimately or exclusively entails patch fields or adventitious metal–semiconductor contacts.
Masculinity and Sexuality in Populist Radical Right Leadership
Authors: Linders Nik , Dudink Stefan , Spierings Niels 
Published: September 2022

AbstractResearch shows that masculinity and sexuality are pivotal to the leadership and success of the populist radical right (PRR). In particular, normative conceptions of masculinity, as seen in gendered nationalism, have been argued to be important to the appeal of PRR parties. However, the supply side of this dynamic remains understudied. To fill this gap, this article uses critical discourse analysis to analyze the role of masculinity and sexuality in the self-positioning and envisioned hegemonies of the most successful Dutch PRR leaders: Pim Fortuyn, Geert Wilders, and Thierry Baudet. The Dutch case is particularly insightful as it presents a diverse array of PRR parties in one country context. We found crucial similarities and differences between the discourses of these leaders. Our findings suggest that masculinity and sexuality, while constitutive at the party level, are largely negotiable or nondefining for the larger party family. These findings problematize often-made identifications of PRR politics with a one-of-a-kind conservative ideology of gender and sexuality.
Self-Regulated Learning and Working Memory Determine Problem-Solving Accuracy in Math
Authors: Ferreira Paula Da Costa , Ferreira Aristides I. , Veiga Simão Ana Margarida Vieira Da , Prada Rui , Paulino Ana Paula , Rodrigues Ricardo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aims to understand the role of self-regulated learning (SRL) and its different processes in the relationship between working memory (WM) and problem-solving accuracy in math in primary school children. A sample of 269 primary school children (Mage = 8.84, SD = 0.81, 58% boys) participated in this study. Tasks were used as intervention resources to assess children’s WM (i.e., reading and computation span tasks), SRL (i.e., a digital game), and performance (i.e., the performance in the game, as well as a traditional math problem). Through structural equation modeling, results revealed that WM predicted children’s SRL and their problem-solving accuracy in math, such that those with higher capability for temporary storage attained better accuracy. Accordingly, children’s SRL explained the relationship between WM capacity and problem-solving accuracy in math; such that the indirect effect of WM capacity through SRL was lower on problem-solving accuracy in math. Results indicated that the planning phase was a greater indicator of students’ SRL in problem-solving accuracy in math. These results highlight the importance of SRL competencies in explaining children’s performance in problem-solving in math.
An in vitro fermentation model to study the impact of bacteriophages targeting Shiga toxin-encoding Escherichia coli on the colonic microbiota
Authors: Pinto Graça , Shetty Sudarshan A. , Zoetendal Erwin G. , Gonçalves Raquel F. S. , Pinheiro Ana C. , Almeida Carina , Azeredo Joana , Smidt Hauke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLytic bacteriophages are considered safe for human consumption as biocontrol agents against foodborne pathogens, in particular in ready-to-eat foodstuffs. Phages could, however, evolve to infect different hosts when passing through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This underlines the importance of understanding the impact of phages towards colonic microbiota, particularly towards bacterial families usually found in the colon such as the Enterobacteriaceae. Here we propose in vitro batch fermentation as model for initial safety screening of lytic phages targeting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). As inoculum we used faecal material of three healthy donors. To assess phage safety, we monitored fermentation parameters, including short chain fatty acid production and gas production/intake by colonic microbiota. We performed shotgun metagenomic analysis to evaluate the outcome of phage interference with colonic microbiota composition and functional potential. During the 24 h incubation, concentrations of phage and its host were also evaluated. We found the phage used in this study, named E. coli phage vB_EcoS_Ace (Ace), to be safe towards human colonic microbiota, independently of the donors’ faecal content used. This suggests that individuality of donor faecal microbiota did not interfere with phage effect on the fermentations. However, the model revealed that the attenuated STEC strain used as phage host perturbed the faecal microbiota as based on metagenomic analysis, with potential differences in metabolic output. We conclude that the in vitro batch fermentation model used in this study is a reliable safety screening for lytic phages intended to be used as biocontrol agents.
Modelling urea cycle disorders using iPSCs
Authors: Duff Claire , Baruteau Julien 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe urea cycle is a liver-based pathway enabling disposal of nitrogen waste. Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are inherited metabolic diseases caused by deficiency of enzymes or transporters involved in the urea cycle and have a prevalence of 1:35,000 live births. Patients present recurrent acute hyperammonaemia, which causes high rate of death and neurological sequelae. Long-term therapy relies on a protein-restricted diet and ammonia scavenger drugs. Currently, liver transplantation is the only cure. Hence, high unmet needs require the identification of effective methods to model these diseases to generate innovative therapeutics. Advances in both induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and genome editing technologies have provided an invaluable opportunity to model patient-specific phenotypes in vitro by creating patients’ avatar models, to investigate the pathophysiology, uncover novel therapeutic targets and provide a platform for drug discovery. This review summarises the progress made thus far in generating 2- and 3-dimensional iPSCs models for UCDs, the challenges encountered and how iPSCs offer future avenues for innovation in developing the next-generation of therapies for UCDs.
A competitive precision CRISPR method to identify the fitness effects of transcription factor binding sites
Authors: Pihlajamaa Päivi , Kauko Otto , Sahu Biswajyoti , Kivioja Teemu , Taipale Jussi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHere we describe a competitive genome editing method that measures the effect of mutations on molecular functions, based on precision CRISPR editing using template libraries with either the original or altered sequence, and a sequence tag, enabling direct comparison between original and mutated cells. Using the example of the MYC oncogene, we identify important transcriptional targets and show that E-box mutations at MYC target gene promoters reduce cellular fitness.
Unveiling the causes of pericardial effusion in a contemporary case series of pericardiocentesis in Latin America
Authors: del Portillo-Navarrete Juan Hernando , Pizano Alejandro , Benavides Jhonattan , Palacio Andres M. , Moreno-Medina Karen , Cabrales Jaime , Echeverri Darío 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPericardial effusions requiring pericardiocentesis have multiple causes that vary among geographical regions and health contexts. This procedure can be performed for diagnostic or therapeutic indications. The purpose of this study was to identify the principal causes of pericardial effusions and indications for pericardiocentesis, exploring differences among groups. This was a retrospective case series of patients who underwent pericardiocentesis for pericardial effusion in a single center in Latin America. Demographic, clinical, echocardiographic, and procedural variables were recorded and analyzed. The primary outcome was to determine the causes of pericardial effusions in these patients and the indication (diagnostic, therapeutic, or both). The results are presented in two groups (inflammatory and noninflammatory) according to the cause of the pericardial effusion. One hundred sixteen patients with pericardial effusion underwent pericardiocentesis. The median age was 58 years (IQR 46.2–70.7), and 50% were male. In the noninflammatory pericardial effusion group, there were 61 cases (53%), among which neoplastic pericardial effusion was the most frequent cause (n = 25, 40.9%). In the inflammatory group, there were 55 cases (47%), and the main cause was postpericardiectomy syndrome after cardiac surgery (n = 31, 56.4%). The principal indication for pericardiocentesis was therapeutic (n = 66, 56.8%). Large pericardial effusion without hemodynamic effect of cardiac tamponade was significantly more frequent in the inflammatory group (p = 0.03). In conclusion, the principal cause of pericardial effusion in patients who underwent pericardiocentesis was postpericardiectomy syndrome after cardiac surgery, followed by neoplastic pericardial effusion. Pericardiocentesis is mainly a therapeutic procedure.
Deciphering diversity at er loci for diversification of powdery mildew resistance in pea
Authors: Banyal Devinder K. , Dixit Himisha , Chaudhary Jaya , Malannavar Anudeep B. , Thakur Nisha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAgricultural biotechnology aims to scrutinize the field crops which feed half of the world’s population by improving their agronomic traits using various biotechnological tools. Pea- an important cash crop, rich in nutrients, but frequently infected with powdery mildew (fungal disease caused by Erysiphe pisi) that destroys the whole crop and causes economic loss for growers. We, therefore, targeted this research to find the pathogen-resistant pea lines and further decipher the diversity at er locus among resistant pea lines. Screening for resistant pea lines was done with Erysiphe pisi isolates (Genebank submission: KX455922.1) under the net house and greenhouse conditions. Molecular studies revealed that the Erysiphe resistant (er1) gene was present in 40 lines out of selected 50 pea lines and the mutational character was conferred up to 36 genotypes with 11 haplotype groups. The haplotype (gene) diversity (Hd) was found to be 0.5571 ± 0.099 SD and the nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.0160 ± 0.0042 SD Majority of resistant lines (67%) occurred in Hap-1, other remaining haplotypes (Hap 2–10) having 33% resistant lines, each showing characteristic nucleotide substitutions with respect to reference PsMLO1 gene; genotypes from these divergent haplotypes can be used in pea resistance breeding to avoid genetic homogeneity and genetic vulnerability.
Ni ions doped oxyflourophosphate glass as a triple ultraviolet–visible–near infrared broad bandpass optical filter
Authors: Abu-raia W. A. , Aloraini D. A. , El-Khateeb S. A. , Saeed Aly 
Published: September 2022

AbstractResearch and development R&D about new materials that can be used as an optical filter, shortpass, bandpass, and longpass is still ongoing. So, in this context, the 50P2O5–20ZnF2–15MgF2–15PbF2 doped different concentrations of NiO ranging from 0 up to 4 mol% as a bandpass filter was prepared using the conventional melt annealing method. The formation of the amorphous essence was observed in the X-ray diffraction patterns. The role of Ni ions in the produced glass network was studied by density and Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR spectroscopy results, which showed that the Ni ions play a network modifier role. Thermal analysis results showed high thermal stability for the produced glasses. Electron paramagnetic resonance EPR spectra results clarified that the Ni3+ ions occupy an elongated octahedral $$\left( {g_{ \bot } > g_{\parallel } \approx 2} \right)$$

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. The measurements of AC conductivity, dielectric constant, and electric modulus were studied at different temperatures and frequencies. The ionic conduction dominates the conductivity at high temperatures, while the electronic dominates at low temperatures. The appearance of Ni3+ (confirmed by ESR) and Ni2+ were observed in the optical absorption spectra, also it was found that both of them occupy both tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Three distinguished bands in the UV (centered at 354 nm), visible (centered at 620 nm), and NIR (centered at 1074 nm) regions appeared in the optical transmittance spectra, indicating the defining characteristic of the bandpass filter.
Identification of arterial oxygen intermittency in oximetry data
Authors: Galuzio Paulo P. , Cherif Alhaji , Tao Xia , Thwin Ohnmar , Zhang Hanjie , Thijssen Stephan , Kotanko Peter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn patients with kidney failure treated by hemodialysis, intradialytic arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) time series present intermittent high-frequency high-amplitude oximetry patterns (IHHOP), which correlate with observed sleep-associated breathing disturbances. A new method for identifying such intermittent patterns is proposed. The method is based on the analysis of recurrence in the time series through the quantification of an optimal recurrence threshold ($${{\varvec{\epsilon}}}_{\mathbf{o}\mathbf{p}\mathbf{t}}$$ϵopt). New time series for the value of$${{\varvec{\epsilon}}}_{\mathbf{o}\mathbf{p}\mathbf{t}}$$ϵoptwere constructed using a rolling window scheme, which allowed for real-time identification of the occurrence of IHHOPs. The results for the optimal recurrence threshold were confronted with standard metrics used in studies of obstructive sleep apnea, namely the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and oxygen desaturation density (ODD). A high correlation between$${{\varvec{\epsilon}}}_{\mathbf{o}\mathbf{p}\mathbf{t}}$$ϵoptand the ODD was observed. Using the value of the ODI as a surrogate to the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), it was shown that the value of$${{\varvec{\epsilon}}}_{\mathbf{o}\mathbf{p}\mathbf{t}}$$ϵoptdistinguishes occurrences of sleep apnea with great accuracy. When subjected to binary classifiers, this newly proposed metric has great power for predicting the occurrences of sleep apnea-related events, as can be seen by the larger than 0.90 AUC observed in the ROC curve. Therefore, the optimal threshold$${{\varvec{\epsilon}}}_{\mathbf{o}\mathbf{p}\mathbf{t}}$$ϵoptfrom recurrence analysis can be used as a metric to quantify the occurrence of abnormal behaviors in the arterial oxygen saturation time series.
Switchable aqueous catalytic systems for organic transformations
Authors: Das Nikita , Maity Chandan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn living organisms, enzyme catalysis takes place in aqueous media with extraordinary spatiotemporal control and precision. The mechanistic knowledge of enzyme catalysis and related approaches of creating a suitable microenvironment for efficient chemical transformations have been an important source of inspiration for the design of biomimetic artificial catalysts. However, in “nature-like” environments, it has proven difficult for artificial catalysts to promote effective chemical transformations. Besides, control over reaction rate and selectivity are important for smart application purposes. These can be achieved via incorporation of stimuli-responsive features into the structure of smart catalytic systems. Here, we summarize such catalytic systems whose activity can be switched ‘on’ or ‘off’ by the application of stimuli in aqueous environments. We describe the switchable catalytic systems capable of performing organic transformations with classification in accordance to the stimulating agent. Switchable catalytic activity in aqueous environments provides new possibilities for the development of smart materials for biomedicine and chemical biology. Moreover, engineering of aqueous catalytic systems can be expected to grow in the coming years with a further broadening of its application to diverse fields.
Coexistence of two types of short-range order in Si–Ge–Sn medium-entropy alloys
Authors: Jin Xiaochen , Chen Shunda , Li Tianshu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractShort-range chemical order (SRO) has been shown to play a decisive role in modulating a wide range of physical properties in medium-entropy alloys and high-entropy alloys. The enormous configurational space of these alloys implies multiple forms of SRO may exist, but such structural diversity has not been reported. Here, ab initio-based sampling reveals that Si–Ge–Sn medium-entropy alloys have two distinct forms of SRO, which carry different energies, distinct degrees of local ordering, and dissimilar electronic structures, and co-exist across a wide range of Si–Ge–Sn compositions. We rationalize the co-existence of two SROs through their virtual degeneracy of thermodynamic stability, due to a subtle balance in the change of enthalpy and configurational entropy upon transformation between the two SROs. Such co-existence of SROs suggests an inherent structural heterogeneity, a diffuse electronic structure, and a new route for band engineering in Si–Ge–Sn medium-entropy alloys. More generally, this study indicates possibility of the co-existence of multiple forms of SRO in medium- and high-entropy alloys.
Novel bacterial taxa in a minimal lignocellulolytic consortium and their potential for lignin and plastics transformation
Authors: Díaz Rodríguez Carlos Andrés , Díaz-García Laura , Bunk Boyke , Spröer Cathrin , Herrera Katherine , Tarazona Natalia A , Rodriguez-R Luis M , Overmann Jörg , Jiménez Diego Javier 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The understanding and manipulation of microbial communities toward the conversion of lignocellulose and plastics are topics of interest in microbial ecology and biotechnology. In this study, the polymer-degrading capability of a minimal lignocellulolytic microbial consortium (MELMC) was explored by genome-resolved metagenomics. The MELMC was mostly composed (&gt;90%) of three bacterial members (Pseudomonas protegens; Pristimantibacillus lignocellulolyticus gen. nov., sp. nov; and Ochrobactrum gambitense sp. nov) recognized by their high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Functional annotation of these MAGs revealed that Pr. lignocellulolyticus could be involved in cellulose and xylan deconstruction, whereas Ps. protegens could catabolize lignin-derived chemical compounds. The capacity of the MELMC to transform synthetic plastics was assessed by two strategies: (i) annotation of MAGs against databases containing plastic-transforming enzymes; and (ii) predicting enzymatic activity based on chemical structural similarities between lignin- and plastics-derived chemical compounds, using Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System and Tanimoto coefficients. Enzymes involved in the depolymerization of polyurethane and polybutylene adipate terephthalate were found to be encoded by Ps. protegens, which could catabolize phthalates and terephthalic acid. The axenic culture of Ps. protegens grew on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) nanoparticles and might be a suitable species for the industrial production of PHAs in the context of lignin and plastic upcycling.
Copper-catalyzed construction of (Z)-benzo[cd]indoles: stereoselective intramolecular trans-addition and SN–Ar reaction
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Zeng Heyang , Zhang Wenli , Guo Haiyang , Jin Tao , Shi Senlei , Jin Xiaoyuan , Qu Na , Liu Li , Zhang Lianpeng 
Published: September 2022

Copper-catalyzed one pot synthesis of polysubstituted benzo[cd]indoles is reported. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that the reaction undergoes intramolecular trans-addition and SN-Ar reaction with excellent regioselectivity.
Efficient learning of robust quadruped bounding using pretrained neural networks
Authors: Wang Zhicheng , Li Anqiao , Zheng Yixiao , Xie Anhuan , Li Zhibin , Wu Jun , Zhu Qiuguo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBounding is one of the important gaits in quadrupedal locomotion for negotiating obstacles. The authors proposed an effective approach that can learn robust bounding gaits more efficiently despite its large variation in dynamic body movements. The authors first pretrained the neural network (NN) based on data from a robot operated by conventional model‐based controllers, and then further optimised the pretrained NN via deep reinforcement learning (DRL). In particular, the authors designed a reward function considering contact points and phases to enforce the gait symmetry and periodicity, which improved the bounding performance. The NN‐based feedback controller was learned in the simulation and directly deployed on the real quadruped robot Jueying Mini successfully. A variety of environments are presented both indoors and outdoors with the authors’ approach. The authors’ approach shows efficient computing and good locomotion results by the Jueying Mini quadrupedal robot bounding over uneven terrain.The cover image is based on the Research Article Efficient learning of robust quadruped bounding using pretrained neural networks by Zhicheng Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1049/csy2.12062.