bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysing the use of music to facilitate social interaction in care home residents with dementia: Narrative synthesis systematic review
Authors: Waters Bryony , Sousa Lídia , Orrell Martin , McDermott Orii 
Published: May 2022

Introduction Individuals with dementia residing in care homes can rely heavily on care staff to access activities and meaningful interactions. Previous research suggests that care home interactions can be short, fragmented and task-orientated due to staff workload and residents’ language impairments. However, music has the potential to be an alternative communication form that remains intact in the later stages of dementia. This systematic review aims to explore how care home music interventions can facilitate social interactions. Methods A narrative synthesis was conducted to explore the mechanisms behind how and why care home music intervention facilitate social interactions. The four-element framework guided analysis; (1) Developing a theory, (2) Developing a preliminary synthesis, (3) Exploring relationships, (4) Assessing robustness. Findings The final synthesis included 23 articles. The studies consisted of music therapy sessions, personalised music listening, structured music singing or instrument playing sessions and music therapeutic care. Despite the difference in music interventions, most studies reported an increase in residents’ sociable verbal and non-verbal communication and a decrease in unsociable communication. Music interventions allowed residents to reminisce, express themselves, focus and connect with others. Discussion The studies highlighted music interventions are accessible to all residents with dementia despite their impairments. The adaptability allows individuals to continue to connect and express themselves even when language deteriorates. More research is needed into the enablers and barriers to implementing interventions into practice, as this systematic review has highlighted that some form of music intervention for all residents can be highly beneficial. Care homes use of music could increase social interactions and meaningful activities.
Prevalence of pre-existing peripheral artery disease in COVID-19 patients and relative mortality risk: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zuin Marco , Rigatelli Gianluca , Bilato Marco J , Bilato Claudio , Roncon Loris 
Published: May 2022

Introduction This study aims to assess prevalence and prognostic implications of pre-existing peripheral artery disease (PAD) in patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2 by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Material and methods We searched MEDLINE and Scopus to locate all the articles published up to 10 December 2021, reporting data on pre-existing PAD among COVID-19 survivors (S) and non survivors (NS). The pooled prevalence of pre-existing PAD in COVID-19 patients was calculated using a random effects model and presenting the related 95% confidence interval (CI), while the mortality risk was estimated using the Mantel–Haenszel random effects models with odds ratio (OR) and related 95% CI. Statistical heterogeneity was measured using the Higgins I2 statistic. Results Eight investigations, enrolling 13,776 COVID-19 patients (mean age: 67.1 years, 3.863 males), met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of pre-existing PAD was 5.7% of cases (95% CI: 3.8–8.4%, p < 0.0001), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 84.5%), which was directly correlated with age ( p < 0.0001), previous hypertension ( p = 0.003), and dyslipidaemia ( p = 0.02) as demonstrated by the meta-regression. Moreover, pre-existing PAD was significantly associated with higher risk of short-term death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 2.37–3.27, p < 0.0001 I2 = 0%); the sensitivity analysis confirmed yielded results. Conclusions Pre-existing PAD represents a comorbidity in about 1 out of 6 COVID-19 patients, but it is associated with a twofold higher risk of short-term mortality.
Leadership, incrementalism and the repetition of history: A Ukrainian tragedy in four acts
Authors: Grint Keith 
Published: May 2022

Leadership is often associated with a particular form of decision-making: being decisive. This paper reflects on the limits of decisiveness and the role of incrementalism in the Russian decision to invade Ukraine and the role of the West and NATO’s decision-making over the prior 10 years. It suggests that incrementalism is both a legitimate mode and a significant problem in such scenarios, and focuses on the historical context to explain the decision to invade and the subsequent military failures.
Utility of line probe assay in detecting drug resistance and the associated mutations in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Diriba Getu , Kebede Abebaw , Tola Habteyes Hailu , Alemu Ayinalem , Yenew Bazezew , Moga Shewki , Addise Desalegn , Mohammed Zemedu , Getahun Muluwork , Fantahun Mengistu , Tadesse Mengistu , Dagne Biniyam , Amare Misikir , Assefa Gebeyehu , Abera Dessie , Desta Kassu 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Molecular tests allow rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug resistance in a few days. Identifying the mutations in genes associated with drug resistance may contribute to the development of appropriate interventions to improve tuberculosis control. So far, there is little information in Ethiopia about the diagnostic performance of line probe assay (LPA) and the M. tuberculosis common gene mutations associated with drug resistance in extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Thus, this study aimed to assess the frequency of drug resistance-associated mutations in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and to compare the agreement and determine the utility of the genotypic in the detection of drug resistance in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on stored M. tuberculosis isolates. The genotypic and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests were performed using LPA and BACTEC-MGIT-960, respectively. The common mutations were noted, and the agreement and the utility of the LPA were determined using the BACTEC-MGIT-960 as a gold standard. Results: Of the 151 isolates, the sensitivity and specificity of MTBDR plus in detecting isoniazid resistance were 90.9% and 100%, respectively. While for rifampicin, it was 100% and 99.3% for sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The katG S315Tl was the most common mutation observed in 85.7% of the isoniazid-resistant isolates. In the case of rifampicin, the most common mutation (61.9%) was observed at position rpoB S531L. Mutations in the gyrA promoter region were strongly associated with Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin resistance. Conclusion: Line probe assay has high test performance in detecting resistance to anti-TB drugs in EPTB isolates. The MTBDR plus test was slightly less sensitive for the detection of isoniazid resistance as compared to the detection of rifampicin. The most prevalent mutations associated with isoniazid and rifampicin resistance were observed at katG S315Tl and rpoB S531L respectively. Besides, all the fluoroquinolone-resistant cases were associated with gyrA gene. Finally, a validation study with DNA sequencing is recommended.
Efficacy of Oral Nutritional Supplements in Patients Undergoing Surgical Intervention for Hip Fracture
Authors: Ashkenazi Itay , Rotman Dani , Amzalleg Nissan , Graif Nadav , Amal Khoury  , Ben-Tov Tomer , Steinberg Ely 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Malnutrition is considered a risk factor among geriatric individuals with hip fracture, affecting functional healing and recovery, increasing healthcare spending, and associated with high mortality. In this study, we sought to evaluate the clinical efficacy of oral nutritional supplements in geriatric patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture. Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of 1625 consecutive patients who underwent fixation or arthroplasty for hip fracture in a tertiary medical center between 2017 and 2020. Patients who had no available albumin or body mass index levels were excluded. The study group is of patients who received an advanced formula in the form of an oral nutritional supplement (ONS), and the control group of patients that received no ONS. Peri- and postoperative complications, readmissions, short-term mortality, and albumin levels were compared between the 2 groups. Results: The final cohort included 1123 patients, 298 in the study group and 825 controls, with a follow-up of at least 1-year. Provision of the advanced enriched formula was not associated with 30-day, 90-day, or 1-year mortality (P = .62, P = .52, and P = .72, respectively) or any perioperative complications, such as 30-day or 90-day readmission (P = .37 and P = .1, respectively), revision surgery of any cause (P = .35), and postoperative infection rates (P = .73). Albumin levels on admission and the minimum albumin levels during hospitalization were similar between the groups, but they were significantly higher in the study group before discharge (33.42 g/L vs. 32.79 g/L, P = .01). Discussion: The use of an ONS was not associated with reduced perioperative complications or mortality, although it did affect nutritional status, as indicated by increased albumin levels, a known marker of nutritional status. Conclusions. While current findings do not support ONS use to minimize major postoperative complication after hip fracture surgery, further long-term study is warranted to evaluate subjective and functional outcomes associated with improved nutritional status.
Glabridin, a bioactive component of licorice, ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by regulating ferroptosis and the VEGF/Akt/ERK pathways
Authors: Tan Hongtao , Chen Junxian , Li Yicong , Li Yingshan , Zhong Yunchang , Li Guangzhao , Liu Lingling , Li Yiqun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Glabridin (Glab) is a bioactive component of licorice that can ameliorate diabetes, but its role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) has seldom been reported. Herein, we explored the effect and underlying mechanism of Glab on DN.

Methods
The bioactive component-target network of licorice against DN was by a network pharmacology approach. The protective effect of Glab on the kidney was investigated by a high-fat diet with streptozotocin induced-diabetic rat model. High glucose-induced NRK-52E cells were used for in vitro studies. The effects of Glab on ferroptosis and VEGF/Akt/ERK pathways in DN were investigated in vivo and in vitro using qRT-PCR, WB, and IHC experiments.

Results
Bioinformatics analysis constructed a network comprising of 10 bioactive components of licorice and 40 targets for DN. 13 matching targets of Glab were mainly involved in the VEGF signaling pathway. Glab treatment ameliorated general states and reduced FBG, HOMA-β, and HOMA-insulin index of diabetic rats. The renal pathological changes and the impaired renal function (the increased levels of Scr, BUN, UREA, KIM-1, NGAL, and TIMP-1) were also improved by Glab. Moreover, Glab repressed ferroptosis by increasing SOD and GSH activity, and GPX4, SLC7A11, and SLC3A2 expression, and decreasing MDA and iron concentrations, and TFR1 expression, in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, Glab significantly suppressed VEGF, p-AKT, p-ERK1/2 expression in both diabetic rats and HG-induced NRK-52E cells.

Conclusions
This study revealed protective effects of Glab on the kidney of diabetic rats, which might exert by suppressing ferroptosis and the VEGF/Akt/ERK pathway.
Construction of Pd Single Site Anchored on Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon and Its Application for Total Antioxidant Level Detection
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Li Zhi , Li Hui , Dai Ge , Luo Feifei , Chu Zhaohui , Geng Xing , Zhang Fan , Wang Qingjiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNatural enzymes have excellent catalytic activity. However, due to their unstable nature and high cost, current research has turned to the synthesis and development of enzyme-like nanomaterials and single-atomic nanozymes. In this study, a single-atomic palladium-loaded nitrogen-doped porous carbon catalyst (SA-Pd/NPC) was prepared and used as a mimetic peroxidase to catalyze the substrates oxidation. The catalytic capability of the SA-Pd/NPC was tested by the TMB-H2O2 system, and it expressed a superior catalytic capability owing to the plentiful catalytic centers of the single-atom Pd, its high porosity, the large specific surface area, and the strong electron transfer capability of the NPC. For the color reaction of TMB, thiol antioxidants (e.g., glutathione, GSH) and non-thiol antioxidants (e.g., ascorbic acid, AA) are suitable for different inhibition mechanisms. GSH and AA are typical substances of these two main antioxidant types, respectively. Here, we demonstrate that this prepared catalyst could be used to simultaneously determine a variety of major known physiologically relevant thiol-containing and thiol-free antioxidants, accompanied by a blue color gradient change with UV–Vis spectra at 652 nm through the SA-Pd/NPC-catalyzed TMB-H2O2 system. Linear responses to GSH and AA could be obtained in the concentration ranges of 0.01–0.10 mM and 1–13 μM (both R2 values were greater than 0.970), respectively, while the limits of detection were 3 μM and 0.3 μM, respectively. The ability of the nanozyme to detect overall antioxidant levels (TAL) was also confirmed in subsequent tests on artificial saliva and biological samples.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals region-specific expression patterns in different beef cuts
Authors: Zhang Tianliu , Wang Tianzhen , Niu Qunhao , Zheng Xu , Li Haipeng , Gao Xue , Chen Yan , Gao Huijiang , Zhang Lupei , Liu George E. , Li Junya , Xu Lingyang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Beef cuts in different regions of the carcass have different meat quality due to their distinct physiological function. The objective of this study was to characterize the region-specific expression differences using comparative transcriptomics analysis among five representative beef cuts (tenderloin, longissimus lumborum, rump, neck, chuck).

Results
We obtained 15,701 expressed genes in 30 muscle samples across five regions from carcass meat. We identified a total of 80 region-specific genes (RSGs), ranging from three (identified in the rump cut) to thirty (identified in the longissimus lumborum cut), and detected 25 transcription factors (TFs) for RSGs. Using a co-expression network analysis, we detected seven region-specific modules, including three positively correlated modules and four negatively correlated modules. We finally obtained 91 candidate genes related to meat quality, and the functional enrichment analyses showed that these genes were mainly involved in muscle fiber structure (e.g., TNNI1, TNNT1), fatty acids (e.g., SCD, LPL), amino acids (ALDH2, IVD, ACADS), ion channel binding (PHPT1, SNTA1, SUMO1, CNBP), protein processing (e.g., CDC37, GAPDH, NRBP1), as well as energy production and conversion (e.g., ATP8, COX8B, NDUFB6). Moreover, four candidate genes (ALDH2, CANX, IVD, PHPT1) were validated using RT-qPCR analyses which further supported our RNA-seq results.

Conclusions
Our results provide valuable insights into understanding the transcriptome regulation of meat quality in different beef cuts, and these findings may further help to improve the selection for health-beneficial meat in beef cattle.
Managing missing items in the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a simulation study
Authors: Gutenkunst Shannon L. , Bell Melanie L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is frequently used to assess the level of smokers’ nicotine dependence; however, it is unclear how to manage missing items. The aim of this study was to investigate different methods for managing missing items in the FTND.

Methods
We performed a simulation study using data from the Arizona Smokers’ Helpline. We randomly sampled with replacement from the complete data to simulate 1000 datasets for each parameter combination of sample size, proportion of missing data, and type of missing data (missing at random and missing not at random). Then for six methods for managing missing items on the FTND (two involving no imputation and four involving single imputation), we assessed the accuracy (via bias) and precision (via bias of standard error) of the total FTND score itself and of the regression coefficient for the total FTND score regressed on a covariate.

Results
When using the total FTND score as a descriptive statistic or in analysis for both types of missing data and for all levels of missing data, proration performed the best in terms of accuracy and precision. Proration’s accuracy decreased with the amount of missing data; for example, at 9% missing data proration’s maximum bias for the mean FTND was only − 0.3%, but at 35% missing data its maximum bias for the mean FTND increased to − 6%.

Conclusions
For managing missing items on the FTND, we recommend proration, because it was found to be accurate and precise, and it is easy to implement. However, because proration becomes less accurate with more missing data, if more than ~ 10% of data are missing, we recommend performing a sensitivity analysis with a different method of managing missing data.
Involving patients in medicines optimisation in general practice: a development study of the “PREparing Patients for Active Involvement in medication Review” (PREPAIR) tool
Authors: Sandbæk Amanda , Møller Marlene Christina Rosengaard , Bro Flemming , Høj Kirsten , Due Christensen Line , Mygind Anna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundMany patients have multiple health conditions and take multiple medications (polypharmacy). Active patient involvement may improve treatment outcomes and ensure patient-centred care. Yet, patient involvement remains a challenge in clinical practice. We aimed to develop and pilot test a questionnaire-based preparation and dialogue tool, the PREparing Patients for Active Involvement in medication Review (PREPAIR) tool, to encourage the involvement of patients with polypharmacy in medicines optimisation in general practice.MethodsWe conducted a literature review followed by a co-production process to develop the tool: a workshop with six GPs and pilot testing, including observations and interviews, with 22 patients, three GPs and three practice staff. During this process, we made continuous adaptations to the prototype. We analysed the qualitative data thematically, focusing on the development process and mechanisms of impact.FindingsThe final PREPAIR tool included five items concerning the patient’s experience of 1) adverse drug reactions, 2) excess medication, 3) unnecessary medication, 4) medication satisfaction and 5) medication-related topics to discuss with the GP (open-ended question). The applied workflow during testing was as follows; the patient completed the PREPAIR tool at home, to encourage reflection on the medication, and brought it to the GP consultation. During the consultation, the GP and the patient reviewed the patient’s responses and discussed potential medication-related problems. For some patients, the increased reflection led to worries about the medications. Still, the pilot testing showed that, when using the PREPAIR tool, the patients arrived at the clinic well prepared and empowered to speak. From the PREPAIR-supported dialogue, the GPs obtained a better understanding of patients’ perspectives and provided a more patient-centred consultation. For the patients, the PREPAIR-supported dialogue ultimately promoted an increased sense of security, satisfaction and insight into their medication, despite initial worries for some patients.ConclusionsWe developed a brief tool to support active patient involvement in medication review in general practice. The PREPAIR-tool was well received by both patients and GPs and fitted well into the existing clinical practice. Our findings suggest that the PREPAIR-tool can support patient involvement during consultations and facilitate patient-centred care.
WBC image classification and generative models based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Jung Changhun , Abuhamad Mohammed , Mohaisen David , Han Kyungja , Nyang DaeHun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Computer-aided methods for analyzing white blood cells (WBC) are popular due to the complexity of the manual alternatives. Recent works have shown highly accurate segmentation and detection of white blood cells from microscopic blood images. However, the classification of the observed cells is still a challenge, in part due to the distribution of the five types that affect the condition of the immune system.

Methods
(i) This work proposes W-Net, a CNN-based method for WBC classification. We evaluate W-Net on a real-world large-scale dataset that includes 6562 real images of the five WBC types. (ii) For further benefits, we generate synthetic WBC images using Generative Adversarial Network to be used for education and research purposes through sharing.

Results
(i) W-Net achieves an average accuracy of 97%. In comparison to state-of-the-art methods in the field of WBC classification, we show that W-Net outperforms other CNN- and RNN-based model architectures. Moreover, we show the benefits of using pre-trained W-Net in a transfer learning context when fine-tuned to specific task or accommodating another dataset. (ii) The synthetic WBC images are confirmed by experiments and a domain expert to have a high degree of similarity to the original images. The pre-trained W-Net and the generated WBC dataset are available for the community to facilitate reproducibility and follow up research work.

Conclusion
This work proposed W-Net, a CNN-based architecture with a small number of layers, to accurately classify the five WBC types. We evaluated W-Net on a real-world large-scale dataset and addressed several challenges such as the transfer learning property and the class imbalance. W-Net achieved an average classification accuracy of 97%. We synthesized a dataset of new WBC image samples using DCGAN, which we released to the public for education and research purposes.