bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-fidelity control of spin ensemble dynamics via artificial intelligence: from quantum computing to NMR spectroscopy and imaging
Authors: Subrahmanian Manu Veliparambil , Pavuluri KowsalyaDevi , Olivieri Cristina , Veglia Gianluigi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High-fidelity control of spin ensemble dynamics is essential for many research areas, spanning from quantum computing and radio-frequency (RF) engineering to NMR spectroscopy and imaging. However, attaining robust and high-fidelity spin operations remains an unmet challenge. Using an evolutionary algorithm and artificial intelligence (AI), we designed new RF pulses with customizable spatial or temporal field inhomogeneity compensation. Compared with the standard RF shapes, the new AI-generated pulses show superior performance for bandwidth, robustness, and tolerance to field imperfections. As a benchmark, we constructed a spin entanglement operator for the weakly coupled two-spin-1/2 system of 13CHCl3, achieving high-fidelity transformations under multiple inhomogeneity sources. We then generated band-selective and ultra-broadband RF pulses typical of biomolecular NMR spectroscopy. When implemented in multipulse NMR experiments, the AI-generated pulses significantly increased the sensitivity of medium-size and large protein spectra relative to standard pulse sequences. Finally, we applied the new pulses to typical imaging experiments, showing a remarkable tolerance to changes in the RF field. These AI-generated RF pulses can be directly implemented in quantum information, NMR spectroscopy of biomolecules, magnetic resonance imaging techniques for in vivo and materials sciences.
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times: a tale of two cities—Beijing and Shanghai—why the divergent COVID-19 control outcomes?
Authors: Su Z , Cheshmehzangi A , McDonnell D , Bentley B L , Ahmad J , Šegalo S , da Veiga C P , Xiang Y -T 
Published: August 2022

SummaryCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) both creates and complicates public health challenges. Yet, the pandemic also provides a unique lens for dissecting complex issues in global health that could benefit society in the long run. In this article, we discuss the underlying reasons that can help explain the divergent COVID-19 control outcomes between Beijing and Shanghai—two advanced metropolises that are similar in their municipal capacity, administrative capability and pandemic strategy. We hope insights from this investigation contribute to the development of disease prevention systems, such as context-specific and data-driven public health strategies that could yield optimal pandemic control outcomes with minimal unintended consequences, both amid and beyond COVID-19.
Long-term health outcomes of early menarche in women: an umbrella review
Authors: Lee Jeong-Seon , Lee Young Ah , Shin Choong Ho , Suh Dong In , Lee Yun Jeong , Yon Dong Keon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
There is limited comprehensive evidence on the potential association between early menarche and subsequent health outcomes.

Aim
To evaluate the existing evidence for the association of early menarche with later health outcomes and assesse the strength and validity of the evidence for these associations.

Design
Umbrella review.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Google Scholar, and manually screened retrieved references to find systematic reviews and meta-analyses from inception to July 2021. Early menarche was defined by taking into account ethnicity and birth year, and the outcomes were long-term consequences in adulthood.

Results
Thirteen reviews encompassing 283 original articles and over 6.8 million participants from 39 countries across 5 continents were included. In categorical outcomes, early menarche was associated with metabolic syndrome (n = 37 543 pooled adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33, 1.83; high certainty [Hi]), endometrial cancer (n = 874 188, aRR 1.40, 95% CI 1.17, 1.68; Hi), type 2 diabetes mellitus/impaired glucose tolerance (n = 1 185 444, aRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.19, 1.42; Hi), breast cancer (n = 103 574, aRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06, 1.33; Hi), death from all causes (n = 152 747, aRR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03, 1.19; Hi), obesity (n = 54 006, aRR 1.68, 95% CI 1.53, 1.84; moderate certainty [Mod]), gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 48 535, aRR 1.32, 95% CI 1.09, 1.58; Mod), hypertension (n = 1 682 689, aRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.20, 1.29; Mod), endometriosis (n = 885 390, aRR 1.22, 95% CI 1.09, 1.37; Mod), ovarian cancer (n = 1 022 451, aRR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04, 1.31; Mod) and asthma (n = 22 859, aRR 1.31, 95% CI 1.09, 1.57; low certainty [Lo]). For continuous outcomes, early menarche was associated with increased body mass index (BMI) in adults ≥40 years of age (n = 121 943, adjusted pooled standardized mean difference [aSMD] 0.30, 95% CI 0.28, 0.32; Mod), BMI in adults &lt;40 years of age (n = 124 728, aSMD 0.39, 95% CI 0.36, 0.43; Mod), serum fasting insulin level (n = 17 020, aSMD 0.52, 95% CI 0.48, 0.57; Mod) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (n = 7925, aSMD 0.27, 95% CI 0.19, 0.35; Mod).

Conclusion
We found varied levels of evidence for the association between early menarche and the development of subsequent health problems. Our results recommend that physicians should pay attention to these associations, as early menarche can be a potential indicator of metabolic disorders and female-specific cancer and cause death in women.
The Effect of Innovation Similarity on Asset Prices: Evidence from Patents’ Big Data
Authors: Bekkerman Ron , Fich Eliezer M , Khimich Natalya V 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThrough textual analyses of 7.7 million patents, we develop a novel intercompany innovation similarity measure which enables us to find that technologically connected firms cross-predict one another’s returns. Investors impound information about firms’ technological connectedness, although not immediately and fully. Buying (shorting) shares of technological peers earning high (low) returns during the previous month yields a 1.29% monthly return. Firms’ return predictability increases with patent complexity or limited technological disclosures but decreases with better information transparency. Results suggest that investor inattention explains technology momentum. Unlike momentum stemming from simpler, class-based technological links, our Big Data text-based return predictability remains active. (JEL G11, G12, G14, O31, C55)Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Experience with the use of mycophenolate mofetil in juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Varnier Giulia Camilla , Consolaro Alessandro , Cheng Iek Leng , Silva Riveiro Alicia , Pilkington Clarissa , Ravelli Angelo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MMF in juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (JIIMs).MethodsPatients diagnosed with JIIM and treated with MMF enrolled in the Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group (JDRG) in the UK or followed at the Giannina Gaslini Institute in Genoa, Italy, were included. The following information was collected retrospectively at MMF initiation, at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment start, and at last follow-up visit: clinical manifestations, laboratory data, physicians’ subjective assessment of disease activity, standardized outcome measures of muscle strength/endurance, cutaneous disease activity, physical function, global disease activity, cumulative damage, and ongoing treatment.ResultsOf the 29 patients included, 23 had juvenile DM and 6 had overlap myositis. During administration of MMF, improvement in measures of muscle strength, skin disease activity, and overall disease activity was seen, with an increase in the frequency of normal scores for Manual Muscle Test-8 from 50.0% to 83.3%, Childhood Myositis Activity Score from 53.5% to 88.9%, muscle component of DAS from 55.2% to 84.2%, skin component of DAS from 31.0% to 42.1%, visual analogue scale for skin disease activity from 25.0% to 47.4%, and visual analogue scale for overall disease activity from 7.1% to 42.1%. The number of patients with inactive disease increased from 10.3% at baseline to 68.5% at last follow-up. CS dose was significantly reduced, from 0.3 to 0.1 mg/kg/day. No relevant side effects were reported.ConclusionOur experience suggests that MMF is a valuable therapeutic option for the management of JIIM.
The Coming Rise in Residential Inflation
Authors: Bolhuis Marijn A , Cramer Judd N L , Summers Lawrence H 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study how the recent run-up in housing and rental prices affects the outlook for inflation in the USA. Housing held down the overall inflation in 2021. Despite record growth in private market-based measures of home prices and rents, the government-measured residential services inflation was only 4% for the 12 months ending in January 2022. After explaining the mechanical cause for this divergence, we estimate that, if past relationships hold, the residential inflation components of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE) are likely to move close to 7% during 2022. These findings imply that housing will make a significant contribution to overall inflation in 2022, ranging from one percentage point for headline PCE, to 2.6 percentage points for core CPI. We expect residential inflation to remain elevated in 2023.
The boundary within: Are applicants of Southern European descent discriminated against in Northern European job markets?
Authors: Polavieja Javier G , Fischer-Souan Maricia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the aftermath of the Euro debt crisis, negative stereotypes about Southern Europeans were (re)activated across Northern European countries. Because these stereotypes make explicit reference to productivity-relevant traits, they have the potential to influence employers’ hiring decisions. We draw on a sub-sample of the Growth, Equal Opportunities, Migration and Markets discrimination study (GEMM) to investigate the responses of over 3500 firms based in Germany, the Netherlands and Norway to identical (fictitious) young applicants born to Greek, Spanish, Italian and native-born parents. Using French descendants as a placebo treatment and sub-Saharan African descendants as a benchmark treatment, we find severe levels of hiring discrimination against Southern European descendants in both Norway and the Netherlands, but not in Germany. Discrimination in Norway seems largely driven by employers’ preferences for applicants of native descent, while in the Netherlands discrimination seems specifically targeted against Greek and Spanish descendants. Dutch employers’ propensity to penalize these two groups seems driven by information deficits.
Austerity Policies and the Strategic Silencing of Their Gendered Effects: Evidence from Spain
Authors: Rafstedt My 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAusterity measures are commonly adopted to address economic crises. Such measures have particularly adverse effects for women, but studies have found these consequences to be strategically silenced. I explore the conditions under which the gendered effects of austerity are silenced, and by whom. Drawing on an original dataset of 9,420 newspaper articles (2010–2020) addressing austerity measures introduced in Spain, I find that politicians from left parties critique the labor reforms for negatively affecting women’s working conditions, while conservative politicians rarely address the reforms from a gender perspective. The party political difference is conditioned by government–opposition dynamics, and the salience of gender perspectives varies with election cycles. These findings suggest that a gender lens is more likely to be present in the public debate on economic policy-making when it is strategically beneficial for garnering political support.
Downregulation of Stem-Loop Binding Protein by Nicotine via α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Its Role in Nicotine-Induced Cell Transformation
Authors: Sun Qi , Chen Danqi , Raja Amna , Grunig Gabriele , Zelikoff Judith , Jin Chunyuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The use of electronic-cigarettes (e-cigs) has increased substantially in recent years, particularly among the younger generations. Liquid nicotine is the main component of e-cigs. Previous studies have shown that mice exposed to e-cig aerosols developed lung adenocarcinoma and bladder hyperplasia. These findings implicated a potential role for e-cig aerosols and nicotine in cancer development, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we report that exposure to liquid nicotine or nicotine aerosol generated from e-cig induces downregulation of Stem-loop binding protein (SLBP) and polyadenylation of canonical histone mRNAs in human bronchial epithelial cells and in mice lungs. Canonical histone mRNAs typically do not end in a poly(A) tail and the acquisition of such a tail via depletion of SLBP has been shown to causes chromosome instability. We show that nicotine-induced SLBP depletion is reversed by an inhibitor of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChR) or siRNA specific for α7-nAChR, indicating a nAChR-dependent reduction of SLBP by nicotine. Moreover, PI3K/AKT pathway is activated by nicotine exposure and CK2 and probably CDK1, 2 kinases well known for their function for SLBP phosphorylation and degradation, are shown to be involved, α7-nAChR-dependently, in nicotine-induced SLBP depletion. Importantly, nicotine-induced anchorage-independent cell growth is attenuated by inhibition of α7-nAChR and is rescued by overexpression of SLBP. We propose that the SLBP depletion and polyadenylation of canonical histone mRNAs via activation of α7-nAChR and a series of downstream signal transduction pathways are critical for nicotine-induced cell transformation and potential carcinogenesis.
Clinical and epidemiological aspects of severe acute respiratory infection: before and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Authors: de Carvalho Felipe Cotrim , da Silva Erica Tatiane , de Almeida Walquiria Aparecida Ferreira , Maroneze Matheus Almeida , Schwartz Jaqueline de Araujo , Jardim João Pedro Vieira , Peixoto Henry Maia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundWidespread respiratory infections with high morbidity rates caused by respiratory viruses represent a significant global public health problem. Our objective was to describe cases and deaths from severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Brazil over the past 8 y as well as changes in the distribution and risk of illness and death from SARI before and in the first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (FYP).MethodsWe performed a descriptive epidemiological study of hospitalized SARI cases and deaths between 2013 and 2020 in Brazil, separated into pre-pandemic (2013 to 2019) and FYP (2020). We estimate the increase in SARI cases and deaths in the FYP as well as the mortality and infection risks attributable to the FYP (MRAP and IRAP, respectively).ResultsIn 2020, an excess of 425 054 cases and 109 682 deaths was observed, with a significant increase in the risk of falling ill and dying from SARI, with an IRAP of 200.06 and an MRAP of 51.68 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. The increase in SARI cases and deaths was particularly prominent among patients with COVID-19, the elderly, males, those self-identifying as mixed race and patients with heart disease and diabetes. We conclude that an important increase in morbidity and mortality due to SARI was observed in the FYP. More vulnerable groups and those living in the Southeast, North and Center-West regions of the country suffered the most.
Faculty Development and Infrastructure to Support Educational Scholarship: A Scoping Review on Author Development
Authors: Cameron Michael W. , Crowther Lee N. , Huang Grace C. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
Medical educators are expected to produce educational scholarship, which can lead to career advancement and promotion. Institutions have developed author development programs, which vary in duration, instructional approach, and effectiveness. However, no summation of the evidence exists for academic medicine leaders to use as guidance for building similar programs. This scoping review characterizes faculty development programs that support educational scholarship and author development in academic medicine.

Method
The authors searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ProQuest (Healthcare Administration Database and Social Science Premium Collection) for articles published from inception to June 14, 2021. Articles that described formal instruction on scholarly writing for publishing were included. Data were analyzed by program participation, structure, content delivery, and outcomes.

Results
Of 923 articles identified, 20 met inclusion criteria. The included studies covered 18 unique programs of which 1 was sponsored jointly by a university and professional society, 5 by professional societies, 5 by university or medical school organizations, and 7 by medical departments. Nine programs relied at least in part on volunteers. Instructional approaches included didactics (7 programs) and mentoring (5 programs) but mostly featured group-based work (11 programs). Expectations for participants ranged from participation to manuscript submission. The main funding sources were grants (8 programs) and internal funds (7 programs) from the sponsoring institution. Only 4 programs reported participation fees. The impact of these programs included scholarly work products, other measures of career advancement, and participant perceptions.

Conclusions
Author development programs require resource investment and a culture that values educational scholarship. Workshops, 1-on-1 mentoring, and peer writing groups are cornerstones of the experiential learning approach needed to build scholarship skills and can pay dividends in supporting the academic mission in medicine. These findings may benefit leaders in academic medicine who want to develop evidence-based programs in author development.
Comparison of the efficacy of physiotherapy, subacromial corticosteroid, and subacromial hyaluronic acid injection in the treatment of subacromial impingement syndrome: A retrospective study
Authors: Sadeghifar Amirreza , Saied Alireza , Abbaspour Vahid , Zandrahimi Farshad 
Published: August 2022

Background:
The optimal nonoperative management for subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is unclear. This study evaluated the efficacy of subacromial corticosteroid versus a hyaluronic acid injection and their effectiveness against physiotherapy in patients with SIS.

Methods:
SIS patients treated with either physiotherapy or subacromial injection of triamcinolone (40 mg), or subacromial hyaluronic acid injection were included in this retrospective study. The outcome measures were evaluated 3 and 6 mo after the intervention and included pain evaluated by a visual analog scale (VAS) and limb function assessed by the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) questionnaires.

Results:
Eighty-eight patients with SIS were included. Treatment was done with corticosteroid injection in 31 patients, hyaluronic acid injection in 30 patients, and physiotherapy in 27 patients. The mean improvement of VAS, DASH, and ASES scores of the corticosteroid group was significantly higher when compared with the physiotherapy group at 3 mo (P=0.035, P<0.001, and P<0.001, respectively) and 6 mo (P=0.036, P<0.001, and P<0.001, respectively), also in comparison with the hyaluronic acid group at 3 mo (P=0.038, P<0.001, and P=0.002, respectively) and 6 mo (P=0.044, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). The mean improvement of DASH and ASES scores, but not VAS, was significantly higher in the hyaluronic acid group compared to the physiotherapy group at 3 mo (P=0.022, P=0.034, and P=0.55, respectively) and 6 mo (P=0.46, P=0.039, and P=0.51, respectively).

Conclusion:
Subacromial corticosteroid injection is more effective than physiotherapy and hyaluronic acid injection in treating SIS symptoms.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Variation in core clerkship grading reported on the Medical Student Performance Evaluation (MSPE) for orthopaedic surgery applicants: a retrospective review
Authors: Vaghani Parth , Samade Richard , Gordon Adam M. , Scharschmidt Thomas J. , Goyal Kanu S. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To understand the variation in number and verbiage in grading schemes during third-year core clerkships for orthopaedic surgery residency applicants.

Methods:
Applications to a single institution’s orthopaedic surgery residency program during the 2017-2018 match cycle were reviewed. Data extracted from the Medical Student Performance Evaluation (MSPE) included medical school name, number of core clerkships, grade options/tiers, and % grade distribution in clerkships. Applicant data collected included Step 1 Score, Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) Score, Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) membership status, clerkship grades, and medical school rank.

Results:
A total of 858 applications from 211 medical schools were reviewed. Further analysis was performed on 142 schools, representing 721 students, that reported grading distributions. The number of grade tiers varied from two to 11, with three (26.1%), 4 (43.7%), and five (20.4%) tiered grading systems being the most common. One-hundred unique verbiages were identified to describe grading amongst all schools. Schools ranked in the top 25 distributed honors more often than schools ranked outside the top 25 (P<0.001). The median for the average percentage of honors distributed by a school was 32.3%, with a total range of 2.4 to 72.6%. A significant relationship between applicant match success and medical school grading practices could not be determined (P=0.054).

Conclusions:
Significant differences in assigned grades by medical schools for third-year core clerkships were found. Therefore, students’ core clerkship grades should be reviewed in the context of the grade distributions at their medical schools.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Epidermotropic Cutaneous Metastasis of Colonic Adenocarcinoma Presenting as a Sister Mary Joseph Nodule
Authors: Jimenez Antonio , Winsett Frank , Kelly Brent , Goodwin Brandon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
The Sister Mary Joseph nodule is a metastatic umbilical lesion that is seen in 1%–3% of intra-abdominal and pelvic malignancies. Cutaneous metastasis of visceral malignancies is rare and has characteristic dermal or subcutaneous involvement on histopathologic examination. Epidermotropism is described as the migration of malignant cells into the epidermis and is an unusual finding in intra-abdominal malignancies and cutaneous metastases. An 81-year-old woman with a past medical history of colorectal adenocarcinoma presented to the dermatology clinic for evaluation of an enlarging, denuded umbilical mass. A tangential biopsy was obtained and sent for histopathologic examination. Histopathologic analysis demonstrated infiltration of atypical, pleomorphic cells in the dermis with spread into the epidermis, consistent with epidermotropism. An immunohistochemical panel was performed and was consistent with cutaneous metastasis of the patient's underlying adenocarcinoma. We present a case of epidermotropic cutaneous metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma presenting as a Sister Mary Joseph nodule, an extremely rare occurrence that has not been well-documented in the literature.