bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole‐field strain distribution and fracture characteristics of CFRP‐repaired titanium plates with central inclined cracks
Authors: Chen Yiwei , Li Maojun , Su Ting , Yang Xujing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCFRP composites with the advantages of enhanced mechanical properties and lightweight are recognized as an ideal material in repairing cracked structures. This paper aims to comprehensively investigate whole‐field strain distribution and fracture characteristics of central inclined titanium plates repaired with CFRP laminates, with consideration of various overlap length and repair type. Results indicated that the initial central cracks significantly deteriorated mechanical performance, while inclined direction of it exhibited limited influence on repair behavior. Repairs with increased overlap length possessed superior mechanical performance and repair effectiveness. When increasing the overlap length to 80 mm, strength recovery rate for four types of repairs reached above 80.0%. Digital image correlation (DIC) results indicated that central hole was the highly strained zone for all repairs, and hole repairs presented relatively higher strain values compared with cracked repairs. Progressive failure analysis showed that repairs with initial cracks presented premature fracture of titanium plates, while hole repairs were capable to sustain load until adhesive layer fractured. Adhesive failure, cohesive failure and substrate fracture predominated on fractured surfaces irrespective of repair type and overlap length. With the increase of overlap length, cohesive failure was enhanced and light‐fiber‐tear/fiber‐tear could be found, which corresponded to relatively higher repair effectiveness.
A novel sound absorber foam based on ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) to absorb low‐frequency waves: Influence of EPDM ethylene content
Authors: Hosseinpour Ali , Katbab Ali Asghar , Ohadi Abdolreza 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this study, a partially reticulated foam was fabricated based on ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber to absorb low‐frequency acoustic waves. The effect of ethylene content was studied on the cellular structure, viscoelastic behavior, and sound abortion characteristics. High airflow resistivity of the developed partially reticulated structure, as well as highly deformable cell walls of EPDM foams, led to large dissipation of sound energy at low and medium frequencies. Samples with lower ethylene content which exhibited lower storage modulus and larger pore sizes showed higher viscose motions with superior sound absorption. The foam sample with the lowest ethylene content offered the best sound absorption coefficient with a sharp peak as high as 0.91 within the 500–2500 Hz frequency range. The results imply the role of ethylene content as a molecular structure tool to optimize the acoustic absorption potential of EPDM foam. Besides, the foam samples showed considerable insulation performance, yielding a sound reduction index equal to 26–29 dB. The absorption and reflection of the sound waves were integrated to provide the insulation. Thus, a developed lightweight insulator with high resistance to harsh environmental conditions and great low‐frequency sound absorption could be achieved by structural engineering.
A Bayesian latent class model for predicting gestational age in health administrative data
Authors: Wang Shuang , Puggioni Gavino , Wen Xuerong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHealth administrative data are oftentimes of limited use in epidemiological study on drug safety in pregnancy, due to lacking information on gestational age at birth (GAB). Although several studies have proposed algorithms to estimate GAB using claims database, failing to incorporate the unique distributional shape of GAB, can introduce bias in estimates and subsequent modeling. Hence, we develop a Bayesian latent class model to predict GAB. The model employs a mixture of Gaussian distributions with linear covariates within each class. This approach allows modeling heterogeneity in the population by identifying latent subgroups and estimating class‐specific regression coefficients. We fit this model in a Bayesian framework conducting posterior computation with Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. The method is illustrated with a dataset of 10,043 Rhode Island Medicaid mother–child pairs. We found that the three‐class and six‐class mixture specifications maximized prediction accuracy. Based on our results, Medicaid women were partitioned into three classes, featured by extreme preterm or preterm birth, preterm or” early” term birth, and” late” term birth. Obstetrical complications appeared to pose a significant influence on class‐membership. Altogether, compared to traditional linear models our approach shows an advantage in predictive accuracy, because of superior flexibility in modeling a skewed response and population heterogeneity.
Anti‐inflammatory activities of natural cyclopeptide RA‐XII in colitis‐associated colon cancer mouse model and its effect on gut microbiome
Authors: Lin Qianwen , Liu Mingyu , Yue Grace Gar‐Lee , Cheung Man Kit , Lai Zhixing , Kwok Frankie Hin‐Fai , Lee Julia Kin‐Ming , Wang Zhe , Lau Clara Bik‐San , Tan Ninghua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer globally, is associated with intestinal inflammation that leads to poor prognosis. RA‐XII, a natural cyclopeptide, has previously been reported to possess anti‐tumor activities. Here, the anti‐inflammatory activities of RA‐XII were investigated in colitis‐associated colon cancer mice and a co‐culture in vitro model, in which colon cancer cells HCT116 and macrophages RAW264.7 were grown together to mimic the inflammatory microenvironment of CRC. Changes of inflammatory‐related molecules and protein expressions in cells were evaluated after RA‐XII incubation. Besides, azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis‐associated colon cancer mice were treated with RA‐XII for 24 days, inflammatory parameters and gut microbiome alterations were studied. Our results showed that RA‐XII reversed the inflammatory responses of RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS and modulated the protein expressions of AKT, STAT3/p‐STAT3, P70S6K, NF‐κB and GSK3β and suppressed the expression of LC3A/B in HCT116 cells in co‐culture system. RA‐XII treatment restored the colitis damage in colon, reduced colon tumors numbers and decreased inflammatory factors (IL‐6, IL‐10 and TNF‐α). The role of RA‐XII on regulating gut microbiome was also demonstrated for the first time. In conclusion, our findings provided new scientific evidence for developing RA‐XII as a potent anti‐inflammatory agent for CRC.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes via Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C–H Alkenylation/Directing Group Migration
Authors: Mao Hui , Chen Jing , Zhang Xiaoning , Yu Na , Lu Yangbin , Zhao Fei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHerein we report the regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted alkenes from N‐carbamoyl indoles and alkynes via ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed C−H alkenylation/directing group migration, in which the carbamoyl directing group is endowed with a dual role of auxiliary group and migrating acylation reagent via C−N bond cleavage. This method features broad substrate scope, high atom‐ and step‐economy, good functional group tolerance and mild redox‐neutral conditions at room temperature. A series of structurally diverse tetrasubstituted alkenes were synthesized in good to excellent yields, highlighting the efficiency of this method.
Precisely Localized Bone Regeneration Mediated by Marine‐Derived Microdroplets with Superior BMP‐2 Binding Affinity
Authors: Jeon Eun Young , Um Seung‐Hoon , Park Jaeho , Jung Youngmee , Cheon Cheol‐Hong , Jeon Hojeong , Chung Justin J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrompt and robust bone regeneration has been clinically achieved using supraphysiological doses of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) to overcome the short half‐life and rapid clearance. However, uncontrolled burst release of exogenous BMP‐2 causes severe complications such as heterotopic ossification and soft tissue inflammation. Therefore, numerous researches have focused on developing a new BMP‐2 delivery system for a sustained release profile by immobilizing BMP‐2 in various polymeric vehicles. Herein, to avoid denaturation of BMP‐2 and enhance therapeutic action via localized delivery, a complex coacervate consisting of fucoidan, a marine‐derived glycosaminoglycan, and poly‐l‐lysine (PLL) is fabricated. Superior BMP‐2 binding ability and electrostatic interaction‐driven engulfment enable facile and highly efficient microencapsulation of BMP‐2. The microencapsulation ability of the coacervate significantly improves BMP‐2 bioactivity and provides protection against antagonist and proteolysis, while allowing prolonged release. Moreover, BMP‐2 containing coacervate is coated on conventional collagen sponges. The bioactivity and localized bone regenerating ability are confirmed through in vitro (human‐derived stem cells), and in vivo (calvarial bone defect model) evaluations.
Bio‐Inspired In‐Sensor Compression and Computing Based on Phototransistors
Authors: Wang Rui , Wang Saisai , Liang Kun , Xin Yuhan , Li Fanfan , Cao Yaxiong , Lv Jiaxin , Liang Qi , Peng Yaqian , Zhu Bowen , Ma Xiaohua , Wang Hong , Hao Yue 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe biological nervous system possesses a powerful information processing capability, and only needs a partial signal stimulation to perceive the entire signal. Likewise, the hardware implementation of an information processing system with similar capabilities is of great significance, for reducing the dimensions of data from sensors and improving the processing efficiency. Here, it is reported that indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide thin film phototransistors exhibit the optoelectronic switching and light‐tunable synaptic characteristics for in‐sensor compression and computing. Phototransistor arrays can compress the signal while sensing, to realize in‐sensor compression. Additionally, a reservoir computing network can also be implemented via phototransistors for in‐sensor computing. By integrating these two systems, a neuromorphic system for high‐efficiency in‐sensor compression and computing is demonstrated. The results reveal that even for cases where the signal is compressed by 50%, the recognition accuracy of reconstructed signal still reaches ≈96%. The work paves the way for efficient information processing of human–computer interactions and the Internet of Things.
HSCR: Hierarchical structured cluster routing protocol for load balanced wireless sensor networks
Authors: Gangwar Saumitra , Prasad Ikkurthi Bhanu , Yogita  , Yadav Satyendra Singh , Pal Vipin , Kumar Patra Sarat 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe robustness of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has made it a preferred choice for many applications. WSNs should perform the intended sensing task with a limited amount of energy. Clustering methodology is used to reduce sensor nodes' energy consumption and increase the network lifetime by organizing nodes into independent groups. In this article, a hierarchical structured cluster routing (HSCR) protocol based on the principle of an m‐way balanced tree has been proposed for multi‐hop intra‐cluster communication and offload the cluster head. It enhances the network performance by providing an underlying architecture that reduces the intra‐cluster communication distance and the amount of data sent to the cluster head. In the proposed HSCR protocol, an m‐way tree‐based hierarchical structure has been proposed in which balanced structure is formed within each cluster so that data aggregation is performed at each intermediate parent node. The proposed approach can be implemented over any communication protocol used in WSNs. Simulation results prove that the proposed algorithms outperform traditional clustering algorithms, LEACH and CT‐RPL, in terms of network stability, energy consumption, and network lifetime. Simulation results affirm that the proposed algorithms outperform traditional clustering algorithms, LEACH and CT‐RPL, in terms of network stability, energy consumption, average intra‐cluster communication distance and network lifetime by 105.32%, 49.23%, 14.98%, 109.31%, and 35.75%, 15.32%, 17%, 24.31%, respectively.
A phylogenetic approach to the study of the evolution of Hypermecaspididae (Olenida, Trilobita)
Authors: Monti Daniela S. , Tortello M. Franco , Confalonieri Viviana A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHypermecaspidinae (Trilobita; Olenidae) constitutes a monophyletic clade but its internal relationships are unknown and its phylogenetic position with respect to the rest of Olenida has recently been questioned. In order to propose a phylogenetic hypothesis, and to resolve the status of the group, a cladistic analysis of the hypermecaspidinids was performed. One hundred characters (28 quantitative and 72 qualitative) of holaspid morphology were coded for 30 taxa (18 Hypermecaspidinae). Two groups of analyses were performed considering the percentage of missing data. For each group of analyses, discrete partition was treated as totally unordered or as with some characters (describing intensity, position or shape of certain structures) ordered. The analyses were performed with TNT using maximum parsimony and implied weighting as optimality criteria. Hypermecaspididae constitutes a monophyletic family within Olenida, and is the sister group of pterocephaliids. In light of the present analysis, an emended diagnosis of the family is provided. The results suggest that ‘Tropidopyge’ broeggeri should be reassigned to Hypermecaspis. Hypermecaspidids would have originated in the late Furongian and rapidly diversified across different parts of the world in the Early Ordovician. With the exception of H. armata and H. chamarrensis, the species of Hypermecaspis have a proportionately large pygidium with a wide doublure and a distinct postaxial field. An evolutionary trend toward an increase in the size of these characters is observed in the genus. The cranidium shows a tendency toward enlargement of the glabella and the palpebral lobes, together with a narrowing of the interocular genae.
Re‐evaluation of Ni/p‐GaN Schottky‐Barrier Height Based on Thermionic‐Emission‐Diffusion Theory
Authors: Mochizuki Kazuhiro , Ohta Hiroshi , Mishima Tomoyoshi 
Published: May 2022

Reported hole mobility μ at room temperature was used to estimate the effective diffusion velocity VD related with the hole transport from the depletion‐layer edge to the potential minimum of Ni/p‐GaN Schottky‐barrier diodes (SBDs), revealing improper usages of the thermionic‐emission (TE) theory in previous reports. Based on the thermionic‐emission‐diffusion theory, the Schottky‐barrier height qΦB in the case μ = 32 ± 2 cm2/Vs was re‐evaluated to be 2.28 eV, which almost agreed with the reported qΦB determined from capacitance‐voltage measurements. The present result suggested that for p‐GaN SBDs, other qΦB values that had been determined from the TE theory should also be re‐evaluated. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Forming an investigative opinion in digital forensics
Authors: Horsman Graeme 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAs we now see digital evidence play a role in many investigative scenarios, it is imperative that those seeking to rely upon it as part of criminal justice processes can do so, absent any concern regarding its validity. Interpreting the meaning of digital data and its potential value to a criminal inquiry as part of a digital forensic examination is a complex and multifaceted process requiring the practitioner to possess the relevant knowledge, experience, and insight needed to determine the case‐significance of a given data trace accurately. Erroneously interpreted data that is communicated to a client and subsequently relied upon can have far‐reaching consequences for all those involved in the investigative process. This work discusses the process of forming investigative opinions in digital forensic science examinations, what this means in practice, and the ways in which it can be achieved. Focus will be given to the process of forming an investigative opinion when underpinned through the reconstruction and testing of a suspect system/setup, with a formal three‐stage methodology for doing this outlined.This article is categorized under:
Digital and Multimedia Science > Cybercrime Investigation
Carotid artery injury in endoscopic endonasal surgery: Risk factors, prevention, and management
Authors: Sharma Rahul K. , Irace Alexandria L. , Overdevest Jonathan B. , Gudis David A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveEndoscopic approaches for sinus and skull base surgery are increasing in popularity. The objective of this narrative review is to characterize risk factors for internal carotid artery injury in endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES), highlight preventative measures, and illustrate key management principles.Data SourcesComprehensive literature review.MethodsRelevant literature was reviewed using PubMed/MEDLINE.ResultsCarotid artery injury in EES is rare, with most studies reporting an incidence below 0.1%. Anatomic aberrancies, wide dissection margins, as well as specific provider and hospital factors, may increase the risk of injury. Multidisciplinary teams, comprehensive preoperative imaging, patient risk assessment, and formal training in vascular emergencies may reduce the risk. Management protocols should emphasize proper visualization of the injury site, fluid replacement, rapid packing, angiography, and endovascular techniques to achieve hemostasis.ConclusionsWhile EES is a relatively safe procedure, carotid artery injury is a devastating complication that warrants full consideration in surgical planning. Important preventative measures include identifying patients with notable risk factors and obtaining preoperative imaging. Multidisciplinary teams and management protocols are ultimately necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Endoscopic endonasal approach to the craniovertebral junction
Authors: Halderman Ashleigh A. , Barnett Samuel L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe surgical approach to lesions of the ventral craniovertebral junction (CVJ) has evolved significantly in the last several years with the advent of endoscopic skull base surgery. Differing pathologies of the CVJ can result in irreducible compression of the cervicomedullary region. The endoscopic endonasal approach lends itself well to this region due to the ventral location, and while there is a steep learning curve, is a safe and effective way to perform decompression of the cervicomedullary region. Herein, we discuss the anatomy of the CVJ, preoperative evaluation and surgical considerations, our surgical approach, complications, and outcomes.
Odontogenic sinusitis: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Craig John R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOdontogenic sinusitis (ODS) is more common than historically reported, and is underrepresented in the sinusitis literature. ODS is distinct from rhinosinusitis in that it is infectious sinusitis from an infectious dental source or a complication from dental procedures, and most commonly presents unilaterally. ODS clinical features, microbiology, and diagnostic and treatment paradigms are also distinct from rhinosinusitis. ODS evaluation and management should generally be conducted by both otolaryngologists and dental providers, and clinicians must be able to suspect and confirm the condition. ODS suspicion is driven by certain clinical features like unilateral maxillary sinus opacification on computed tomography, overt maxillary dental pathology on computed tomography, unilateral middle meatal purulence on nasal endoscopy, foul smell, and odontogenic bacteria in sinus cultures. Otolaryngologists should confirm the sinusitis through nasal endoscopy by assessing for middle meatal purulence, edema, or polyps. Dental providers should confirm dental pathology through appropriate examinations and imaging. Once ODS is confirmed, a multidisciplinary shared decision‐making process should ensue to discuss risks and benefits of the timing and different types of dental and sinus surgical interventions. Oral antibiotics are generally ineffective at resolving ODS, especially when there is treatable dental pathology. When both the dental pathology and sinusitis are addressed, resolution can be expected in 90%–100% of cases. For treatable dental pathology, while primary dental treatment may resolve the sinusitis, a significant percentage of patients still require endoscopic sinus surgery. For patients with significant sinusitis symptom burdens, primary endoscopic sinus surgery is an option to resolve symptoms faster, followed by appropriate dental management. More well‐designed studies are necessary across all areas of ODS.
Haber’s Cooperation with BASF
Authors: Johnson Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractParallel to the experiments for the 1908 publication on ammonia synthesis, Haber continued to work on the electric arc with Adolf König. At the time, BASF was stagnant; its ability to innovate had become too dependent on external academic research. In December of 1907, Carl Engler, a BASF Board member, brought the company into contact with Haber in an attempt to remedy the problem.
The Scientification of Agriculture
Authors: Johnson Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIt may seem that ammonia synthesis was a scientific triumph for chemistry that also had unexpected consequences for agriculture, much in line with Max Planck’s dictum: “Understanding must precede application.” However, in historical hindsight things often happen just the opposite: in the case of ammonia synthesis, practice and experience preceded theory. Without observations from agriculture and a general understanding of the role of fertilizer—and of nitrogen and the nitrogen cycle in particular—certain essential chemical insight would not have been considered valuable.
The Haze: Interdependencies in Science
Authors: Johnson Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe discussion of the Haze so far has only peripherally included the bifurcation of science into “normal” and “crisis.” This perspective has been useful in illustrating some aspects of scientific research. However, the complexity of the Haze along with the nature of paradigms may have already made it apparent that the notion of a parallel existence of two distinct kinds of science is too simplified, especially when considering modern mathematically based theories and the advanced technology needed for the production of supporting experimental evidence. The success of the scientific endeavor depends on an interdependence of “normal science” and multiple paradigms so that there is no clear separation between fact-gathering and “times of crisis” in science leading to paradigm change (whatever form the latter may take). Both are always present in some form and to some degree. The consideration of an example of modern research provides a succinct illustration.
The Scientific Breakthrough (1903–1908)
Authors: Johnson Benjamin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSo far, we have discussed a confluence of factors leading to the ability to understand and solve the practical problem of ammonia synthesis. Research in agricultural science led to an awareness of the need for a synthetic source of fixed nitrogen, while developments in organic chemistry helped lead to the infrastructure, capital, and expertise of the German chemical industry. Further conceptual steps in the natural sciences gave rise to the discipline of physical chemistry and a new theoretical framework for chemical reactions. The possibility of synthesizing ammonia from the elements was now plausible, meaning a solution was on the horizon. In 1898, William Crookes’ message to the world on the importance of ammonia synthesis for the production of foodstuffs not only framed the looming humanitarian crisis but also made its economic potential clear. All that was left to determine were the conditions under which ammonia could be synthesized.