bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraints on compact dark matter from lensing of gravitational waves for the third-generation gravitational wave detector
Authors: Zhou Huan , Li Zhengxiang , Liao Kai , Huang Zhiqi 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Since the first gravitational wave (GW) event from binary black hole (BBH) was detected by LIGO-Virgo, GWs have become a useful probe on astrophysics and cosmology. If compact dark matter (DM) objects e.g. primordial black holes, contribute a significant fraction of DM at wide mass range, they will cause microlensing in the GW signals with long wavelengths that are distinct from the lensing effects of electromagnetic signals from astrophysical objects. In this paper, we apply the lensing effect of GW from BBH to derive constraints on the abundance of compact DM for the Cosmic Explorer, a third-generation ground-based GW detector. We first consider two channels of formation of BBH that contribute to low- and high-redshift GW sources, including the astrophysical origin BBH scenario, and the primordial origin BBH scenario. Secondly, comparing with the method of optical depth, we use the Bayesian analysis to derive constraints on the abundance of compact DM with different mass function of lens taken into consideration. For a null search with 1000 detected GW events of BBH, we find that the abundance of compact DM could be constrained to $\lesssim 0.1\,\mathrm{ per}\,\mathrm{ cent}$ in the mass range $\ge 500\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ at 68 per cent confidence level. In addition, if a GW event lensed by a compact DM object with $M_{\rm l}\in [100\, {\rm M}_{\odot },300\, {\rm M}_{\odot }]$ is detected in 100 detected GW events of BBH, we can derive that the estimation of the abundance of compact DM is from $2.3$ to $25.2$ per cent in this mass range with the Bayesian analysis.
Broad-band spectral analysis of Mrk 926 using multi-epoch X-ray observations
Authors: Chalise S , Lohfink A M , Chauhan J , Russell T D , Buisson D J K , Mallick L 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The X-ray spectra of some active galactic nuclei (AGNs) show a soft X-ray excess, emission in excess to the extrapolated primary X-ray continuum below 2 keV. Recent studies have shown that this soft excess can be described well as originating from either a relativistic ionized reflection, the extreme blurring of the reprocessed emission from the innermost region of the accretion disc, or Comptonization from an optically thick and warm region called the ‘warm corona’, in which electron scattering is the dominant source of opacity. To constrain the origin of the soft excess in the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 926, we carry out a multi-epoch X-ray spectral study using observations from Suzaku (2009), XMM–Newton and NuSTAR (2016), and NuSTAR and Swift-XRT (2021). The broad-band X-ray spectra of Mrk 926 contains a thermally Comptonized primary continuum, a variable soft excess, and distant reflection. We find that in Mrk 926 as in so many sources, it is difficult to make a definite statement as to what is causing the observed soft excess. A warm coronal-like component is slightly preferred by the data but a reflection origin is also possible. Using archival radio data, we detect an optically thin radio component in our broad-band study of Mrk 926. While this component is consistent with an optically thin radio jet, future multiwavelength observations including high spatial resolution radio observations at multiple frequencies are required to probe the origin of the radio emission in more detail.
Magnetic field evolution in cosmic filaments with LOFAR data
Authors: Carretti E , O’Sullivan S P , Vacca V , Vazza F , Gheller C , Vernstrom T , Bonafede A 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Measuring the magnetic field in cosmic filaments reveals how the Universe is magnetized and the process that magnetized it. Using the Rotation Measures (RM) at 144 MHz from the LoTSS DR2 data, we analyse the rms of the RM extragalactic component as a function of redshift to investigate the evolution with redshift of the magnetic field in filaments. From previous results, we find that the extragalactic term of the RM rms at 144 MHz is dominated by the contribution from filaments (more than 90 per cent). Including an error term to account for the minor contribution local to the sources, we fit the data with a model of the physical filament magnetic field, evolving as $B_f = B_{f,0}\, (1+z)^\alpha$ and with a density drawn from cosmological simulations of five magnetogenesis scenarios. We find that the best-fitting slope is in the range α = [ − 0.2, 0.1] with uncertainty of σα = 0.4–0.5, which is consistent with no evolution. The comoving field decreases with redshift with a slope of γ = α − 2 = [ − 2.2, −1.9]. The mean field strength at z = 0 is in the range Bf, 0 = 39–84 nG. For a typical filament gas overdensity of δg = 10 the filament field strength at z = 0 is in the range $B_{f,0}^{10}=8$–26 nG. A primordial stochastic magnetic field model with initial comoving field of BMpc = 0.04–0.11 nG is favoured. The primordial uniform field model is rejected.
Flat-topped NIR profiles originating from an unmixed helium shell in the Type IIb SN 2020acat
Authors: Medler K , Mazzali P A , Ashall C , Teffs J , Shahbandeh M , Shappee B 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The Near Infrared (NIR) spectra of the Type IIb supernova (SN IIb) SN 2020acat, obtained at various times throughout the optical follow-up campaign, are presented here. The dominant He i 1.0830 and 2.0581 $\mu$m features are seen to develop flat-topped P-Cygni profiles as the NIR spectra evolve towards the nebular phase. The nature of the NIR helium peaks imply that there was a lack of mixing between the helium shell and the heavier inner ejecta in SN 2020acat. Analysis of the flat-top features showed that the boundary of the lower velocity of the helium shell was ∼3 − 4 × 103 km s−1. The NIR spectra of SN 2020acat were compared to both SN 2008ax and SN 2011dh to determine the uniqueness of the flat-topped helium features. While SN 2011dh lacked a flat-topped NIR helium profile, SN 2008ax displayed NIR helium features that were very similar to those seen in SN 2020acat, suggesting that the flat-topped feature is not unique to SN 2020acat and may be the product of the progenitors structure.
Exploiting radiation immunostimulatory effects to improve glioblastoma outcome
Authors: Awada Hala , Paris François , Pecqueur Claire 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCancer treatment protocols depend on tumor type, localization, grade, and patient. Despite aggressive treatments, median survival of patients with Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor in adults, does not exceed 18 months, and all patients eventually relapse. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed.Radiotherapy (RT) induces a multitude of alterations within the tumor ecosystem, ultimately modifying the degree of tumor immunogenicity at GBM relapse. The present manuscript reviews the diverse effects of RT radiotherapy on tumors, with a special focus on its immunomodulatory impact to finally discuss how RT could be exploited in GBM treatment through immunotherapy targeting. Indeed, while further experimental and clinical studies are definitively required to successfully translate preclinical results in clinical trials, current studies highlight the therapeutic potential of immunotherapy to uncover novel avenues to fight GBM.
Lifestyle coaching is feasible in fatigued brain tumor patients: A phase I/feasibility, multi-center, mixed-methods randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rooney Alasdair G , Hewins William , Walker Amie , Mackinnon Mairi , Withington Lisa , Robson Sara , Torrens Claire , Hopcroft Lisa E M , Clark Antony , Anderson Garry , Bulbeck Helen , Dunlop Joanna , Welsh Michelle , Dyson Aimee , Emerson Julie , Cochrane Carol , Hill Robert , Carruthers Jade , Day Julia , Gillespie David , Hewitt Christopher , Molinari Emanuela , Wells Mary , McBain Catherine , Chalmers Anthony J , Grant Robin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are no effective treatments for brain tumor-related fatigue. We studied the feasibility of two novel lifestyle coaching interventions in fatigued brain tumor patients.MethodsThis phase I/feasibility multi-center RCT recruited patients with a clinically stable primary brain tumor and significant fatigue (mean Brief Fatigue Inventory [BFI] score ≥ 4/10). Participants were randomized in a 1–1–1 allocation ratio to: Control (usual care); Health Coaching (“HC”, an eight-week program targeting lifestyle behaviors); or HC plus Activation Coaching (“HC + AC”, further targeting self-efficacy). The primary outcome was feasibility of recruitment and retention. Secondary outcomes were intervention acceptability, which was evaluated via qualitative interview, and safety. Exploratory quantitative outcomes were measured at baseline (T0), post-interventions (T1, 10 weeks), and endpoint (T2, 16 weeks).Resultsn = 46 fatigued brain tumor patients (T0 BFI mean = 6.8/10) were recruited and 34 were retained to endpoint, establishing feasibility. Engagement with interventions was sustained over time. Qualitative interviews (n = 21) suggested that coaching interventions were broadly acceptable, although mediated by participant outlook and prior lifestyle. Coaching led to significant improvements in fatigue (improvement in BFI versus control at T1: HC=2.2 points [95% CI 0.6, 3.8], HC + AC = 1.8 [0.1, 3.4], Cohen’s d [HC] = 1.9; improvement in FACIT-Fatigue: HC = 4.8 points [−3.7, 13.3]; HC + AC = 12 [3.5, 20.5], d [HC and AC] = 0.9). Coaching also improved depressive and mental health outcomes. Modeling suggested a potential limiting effect of higher baseline depressive symptoms.ConclusionsLifestyle coaching interventions are feasible to deliver to fatigued brain tumor patients. They were manageable, acceptable, and safe, with preliminary evidence of benefit on fatigue and mental health outcomes. Larger trials of efficacy are justified.
A unified superatomic-molecule theory for local aromaticity in π-conjugated systems
Authors: Li Dan , Yang Jinlong , Cheng Longjiu 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Aromaticity is one of the most important concepts in chemistry. However, there is still no unified chemical insight for various systems with conjugated sp2 carbon. Herein, we proposed a superatomic-molecule theory to build a generalized electron rule for polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons, fullerenes and 2D periodic materials. Taking benzenoid units as 2D superatoms, polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons and C60 can be seen as superatomic molecules consisting of bonded superatoms, resulting in local aromaticity. In superatomic molecules, π electrons are not totally delocalized, but localized in a single superatom forming superatomic lone pairs or shared by two atoms forming a superatomic bond, mimicking rules in classical valence bond theory. Moreover, two 2D superatomic crystals (C18H6 and C54H18) are predicted to have fairly large band gaps (∼1.8 eV), although the π electrons are conjugated and delocalized. The proposed superatomic-molecule theory provides generalized chemical insights into the nature of local aromaticity, which can be qualitatively evaluated by the chemical intuition given by superatomic Lewis structures.
Trends in Education-Related Smoking Disparities Among U.S. Black or African American and White Adults: Intersections of Race, Sex, and Region
Authors: Choi Kelvin , Jones Jamal T , Ruybal Andrea L , McNeel Timothy S , Duarte Danielle A , Webb Hooper Monica 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionDespite its overall decline in the United States, trends in cigarette smoking could vary by intersection with demographic characteristics. We explored trends in education-related disparities in current smoking among U.S. adults by race (Black or African American and White), sex, and U.S. census region.Aims and MethodsData were from U.S. civilian non-institutionalized adults (aged ≥18 years) who self-identified as Black or African American and White and participated in the 1995–2019 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. We estimated average annual percent changes in current cigarette smoking by the intersections of race, sex, census region, and educational attainment. We calculated educated-related prevalence differences in current cigarette smoking by subtracting the prevalence of bachelor’s degrees from that of &lt;high school in 1995–1996 and 2018–2019, then examined their variations by the intersection of sex, race, and region. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to test education*survey year interactions across sexes, races, and regions.ResultsEducation-related disparities in current cigarette smoking increased over time, especially among Black or African American male (PD1995–1996 = 22.8%; PD2018–2019 = 27.2%) and female adults (PD1995–1996 = 12.1%; PD2018–2019 = 16.5%). By region, Black or African American male adults in the Midwest showed the largest increase in education-related current cigarette smoking disparities, followed by Black or African American male and female adults in the South, and White male and female adults in the Midwest. These findings were because of small to no declines in the prevalence of current cigarette smoking among those with &lt;high school education.Conclusion and RelevanceThe gap in the prevalence of current cigarette smoking by education widened over time, especially among Black or African American adults in certain regions.ImplicationsDespite the decline in the prevalence of current cigarette smoking in the U.S. population overall, such public health gain may not benefit all individuals equally. Using the data from a U.S. representative serial cross-sectional survey study during 1995–2019, we found that disparities in current cigarette smoking prevalence between those with &lt;high school versus bachelor’s degree education widened especially among Black or African American adults. Future research to investigate the barriers to progress among Black or African American adults with &lt;high school education could inform interventions to reduce racial and education-related cigarette smoking disparities.
Association between dietary patterns and depression: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and intervention trials
Authors: Gianfredi Vincenza , Dinu Monica , Nucci Daniele , Eussen Simone J P M , Amerio Andrea , Schram Miranda T , Schaper Nicolaas , Odone Anna 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Context
Depression is the most common causes of disease burden worldwide (GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392:1789–1858).

Objective
An umbrella review has been performed to assess the strength and validity of the available observational and trial evidence for the association between a variety of dietary patterns and depression.

Data Sources
MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Database were searched.

Data Extraction
The Joanna Briggs Institute Umbrella Review Methodology was used.

Data Analysis
The review included 19 articles, covering a relatively wide range of dietary patterns: healthy dietary patterns (n = 8), Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) (n = 6), Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) (n = 5), Western diet (n = 4), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) (n = 2), vegetarian diets (n = 4), and other dietary interventions (n = 2). The methodological quality of the included meta-analyses was generally low or critically low. The strength of the evidence was generally weak, although convincing or suggestive evidence was found for an inverse relationship between MedDiet/DII and depression. Higher adherence to the MedDiet and lower DII score were significantly associated with lower risk of depression.

Conclusion
Considering the generally high heterogeneity and low quality of the available evidence, further studies adopting more coherent and uniform methodologies are needed.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020223376.
Reducing Repeat Blood Cultures in Febrile Neutropenia: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Robinson Evan D , Keng Michael K , Thomas Tanya D , Cox Heather L , Park Stacy C , Mathers Amy J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Limited data exist to guide blood culture ordering in persistent febrile neutropenia (FN), resulting in substantial variation in practice. Unnecessary repeat blood cultures have been associated with patient harm including increased antimicrobial exposure, hospital length of stay, catheter removal, and overall cost.

Methods
We conducted a single-center study of adult hematology-oncology patients with ≥3 days of FN. The yield of blood cultures was first evaluated in a 2-year historical cohort. Additionally, a pilot pre-/postintervention study was performed in non–stem cell transplant (SCT) patients following a change in our population clinical practice guideline from a recommendation of daily blood cultures to a clinically guided approach. The primary outcome was cultures collected per days of FN after day 3 of persistent FN.

Results
One hundred forty-six episodes of ≥3 days of FN in 108 patients were identified during the historical period. Day 1 blood cultures were positive in 23 of 146 (16%) episodes. Blood cultures were drawn on 374 of 513 (73%) subsequent episode-days (day 2–12) and were negative in 366 of 374 (98%). After the intervention, a 53% decrease was observed in the rate of total blood cultures collected (1.4 preintervention vs 0.7 postintervention; P = .03). Blood cultures obtained after 48 hours rarely yielded clinically significant organisms.

Conclusions
Repeat blood cultures are low-yield in persistent FN without new clinical change. A pilot intervention in non-SCT patients successfully reduced the frequency of blood culture collection.
The Role of Systemic Therapy in Resectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sonbol Mohamad Bassam , Siddiqi Rabbia , Uson Pedro Luiz Serrano , Pathak Surabhi , Firwana Belal , Botrus Gehan , Almader-Douglas Diana , Ahn Daniel H , Borad Mitesh J , Starr Jason , Jones Jeremy , Stucky Chee-Chee , Smoot Rory , Riaz Irbaz Bin , Bekaii-Saab Tanios 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Despite multiple randomized trials, the role of perioperative chemotherapy in colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) is still under debate. In this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA), we aim to evaluate the efficacy of perioperative systemic therapies for patients with CRLM.

Methods
We searched various databases for abstracts and full-text articles published from database inception through May 2021.We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the addition of perioperative (post, pre, or both) systemic therapies to surgery alone in patients with CRLM. The outcomes were compared according to the chemotherapy regimen using a random effects model. Outcomes of interest included disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results
Seven RCTs with a total of 1504 patients with CRLM were included. Six studies included post-operative treatment and one evaluated perioperative (pre- and postoperative) therapy. Fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy was the most used systemic therapy. NMA showed benefit of adding perioperative therapy to surgery in terms of DFS (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.84). However, these findings did not translate into a statistically significant OS benefit (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.05). NMA did not show any advantage of one regimen over another including oxaliplatin or irinotecan.

Conclusions
This systematic review and NMA of 7 RCTs found that the addition of perioperative systemic treatment for resectable CRLM could improve disease-free survival but not overall survival. Based on the findings, addition of perioperative treatment in resectable CRLM should be individualized weighing the risks and benefits.
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Immunogenicity in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer Receiving Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lau David K , Aresu Maria , Planche Timothy , Tran Amina , Lazaro-Alcausi Retchel , Duncan Julie , Kidd Shannon , Cromarty Susan , Begum Ruwaida , Rana Isma , Li Su , Suwaidan Ali Abdulnabi , Monahan Irene , Clark David J , Eckersley Nicholas , Staines Henry M , Groppelli Elisabetta , Krishna Sanjeev , Mayora-Neto Martin , Temperton Nigel , Fribbens Charlotte , Watkins David , Starling Naureen , Chau Ian , Cunningham David , Rao Sheela 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers have an increased risk of serious complications and death from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The immunogenicity of vaccines in patients with GI cancers receiving anti-cancer therapies is unclear. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in a cohort of GI cancer patients receiving chemotherapy following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Materials and Methods
Between September 2020 and April 2021, patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy were enrolled. At baseline (day 0), days 28, 56, and 84, we assessed serum antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike (anti-S) and anti-nucleocapsid (anti-NP) and concomitantly assessed virus neutralization using a pseudovirus neutralization assay. Patients received either the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2, or the Oxford/AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 vaccine.

Results
All 152 patients enrolled had a prior diagnosis of cancer; colorectal (n = 80, 52.6%), oesophagogastric (n = 38, 25.0%), and hepato pancreatic biliary (n = 22, 12.5%). Nearly all were receiving systemic anti-cancer therapy (99.3%). Of the 51 patients who did not receive a vaccination prior to, or during the study, 5 patients had detectable anti-NP antibodies. Ninety-nine patients received at least one dose of vaccine prior to, or during the study. Within 19 days following the first dose of vaccine, 30.0% had anti-S detected in serum which increased to 70.2% at days 20-39. In the 19 days following a second dose, anti-S positivity was 84.2% (32/38). However, pseudovirus neutralization titers (pVNT80) decreased from days 20 to 39.

Conclusion
Despite the immunosuppressive effects of chemotherapy, 2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are able to elicit a protective immune response in patients’ ongoing treatment for gastrointestinal cancers. Decreases in pseudoviral neutralization were observed after 20-39 days, re-affirming the current recommendation for vaccine booster doses.

Clinical Trial Registration Number
NCT04427280.