bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stygofaunal diversity and ecological sustainability of coastal groundwater ecosystems in a changing climate: The Australian paradigm
Authors: Saccò Mattia , Blyth Alison J. , Douglas Grant , Humphreys William F. , Hose Grant C. , Davis Jenny , Guzik Michelle T. , Martínez Alejandro , Eberhard Stefan M. , Halse Stuart A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Coastal aquifers are vital water sources for humanity. Their quality and the ecosystem services they provide depend on the integrity of their subterranean biota. However, current anthropogenic impacts such as climate change effects and coastal population growth place enormous pressure on the sustainability of these environments.

Despite the significance of subterranean biota to ecosystem function and the delivery of ecosystem services, stygofauna—groundwater‐dwelling aquatic animals—have until recently been largely ignored in aquifer monitoring and management. This issue is of importance in both coastal and inland zones. Common threats in inland and coastal areas are water extraction, reduced recharge caused by aridification, and pollution, while, in coastal zones, additional complications arise from sea‐level change and salt water ingress.

This review examines stygofaunal diversity, impacts, and future conservation challenges in coastal aquifers. Focussing on Australia, we provide a summary of the available data on stygofaunal communities and distributions; identify and describe potential threats to these communities across the diverse coastal regions of the continent; and propose future research priorities with the goal of facilitating the long‐term preservation of these ecosystems on the Australian continent. While we focus this review on Australia, the threats and management issues discussed are relevant globally.

Recent subterranean studies in Australia have been primarily undertaken in inland areas, and while coastal data exist, ecological assessment of coastal subterranean ecosystems is incomplete, compromising the efficacy of conservation plans. This review indicates that the Australian continent hosts five major coastal stygofaunal biodiversity areas characterised by heterogeneous community assemblages, involving a total of 17 taxonomic groups spanning microscopic aquatic invertebrates to vertebrates. The most relevant impacts and threats identified were aquifer size reduction, intrusion of seawater, land clearing, contamination, and mining.

Given the projections of increasing coastal development and subsequent loss or degradation of habitat during coming decades, it is important to improve our limited understanding of the ecology of coastal aquifers. Future research should include the refinement of biological assessment tools for coastal systems, functional and ecotoxicological studies, and faunal surveys of urban coastal aquifers. The recommendations and guidelines outlined in this review are applicable globally and provide a further step toward the sustainable use of coastal groundwater resources and the maintenance of healthy groundwater ecosystems.
Community assembly in the wake of glacial retreat: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Pothula Satyendra K. , Adams Byron J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEcosystems shaped by retreating glaciers provide a unique opportunity to study the order and timing of biotic colonization, and how this influences the structure of successive ecological communities. In the last century glaciers across most of the cryosphere have receded at an unprecedented pace. Many studies have been published from different parts of the world testing hypotheses about how soil ecosystems are responding to rapid, contemporary deglaciation events. To better understand and draw general conclusions about how soil ecosystems respond to deglaciation, we conducted a global meta‐analysis of 95 published articles focused on the succession of various organisms and soil physicochemical properties in glacier forefields along the chronosequence. Our global synthesis reveals that key soil properties and the abundance and richness of biota follow two conspicuous patterns: (1) some taxa demonstrate a persistent increase in abundance and richness over the entire chronosequence, (2) other taxa increase in abundance and richness during the first 50 years of succession, then gradually decline 50 years onward. The soil properties and soil organisms that are intimately tied to vegetation follow the first pattern, consistent with the idea that aboveground patterns of vegetation can drive patterns of belowground biodiversity. The second pattern may be due to an initial increase and subsequent decline in available nutrients and habitat suitability caused by increased biotic interactions, including resource competition among soil biota. A consensus view of the patterns of historical and contemporary soil ecosystem responses to deglaciation provides a better understanding of the processes that generate these patterns and informs predictions of ongoing and future responses to environmental changes.
Effect of starting materials of nucleation agents on crystallization of CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 glass
Authors: Machida Shingo , Maeda Kei , Katsumata Ken‐ichi , Yasumor Atsuo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe effect of the starting materials of the nucleation agents for glass–ceramics (GCs) was explored. The number of hexagonal platy particles of metastable‐CaAl2Si2O8 in CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 (CAS) GCs was increased by changing the sizes of molybdenum oxide (MoO3) and carbon particles used as starting materials of the nucleation agents. X‐ray diffraction patterns indicated that all of GC specimens display reflections attributed to metastable‐CaAl2Si2O8 solely. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that, compared with the CAS GC with precipitated hexagonal platy particles of metastable‐CaAl2Si2O8 (CAS GC‐H) prepared using MoO3 particles with a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 3.5 m2/g and 10–50 μm carbon particles, CAS GC‐Hs prepared using MoO3 particles with a BET surface area of 1.2 m2/g or carbon fibers 10–50 μm in length and ∼5 μm in diameter resulted in approximately a twofold increase in the number of platy particles of metastable‐CaAl2Si2O8 and a decrease in the average particle size from 13 to 11 μm. The microstructures of the CAS GC‐Hs are closer looks. In addition, no major differences in volume fractions estimated using the binarized SEM images are observed between those GC specimens. These results indicated that the starting materials of nucleation agents affect the crystallization of CAS GCs.
The effect of utilitarian and hedonic motivations on mobile shopping outcomes. A cross‐cultural analysis
Authors: Hu Lala , Filieri Raffaele , Acikgoz Fulya , Zollo Lamberto , Rialti Riccardo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMobile devices are ubiquitous in the lives of modern consumers, who use them for information‐seeking and purchasing activities, fostering the emergence of m‐commerce. This trend has been exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic, which has boosted m‐commerce growth in both developed and developing countries. Hence, there is a need for cross‐cultural research concerning the factors affecting behavioural intentions. Drawing upon the hedonic information systems model, we measure the impact of utilitarian factors on satisfaction, repurchase intention, and eWOM through the mediation of enjoyment across two countries characterized by different stages of m‐commerce readiness and culture: China and Italy. Findings suggest that the impact of utilitarian factors on satisfaction is stronger among Italian users than Chinese users. On the contrary, for Chinese users, who use their mobile phones as a primary device to shop online, the mediation effect of enjoyment on satisfaction and eWOM is stronger. With this study, we contribute to cross‐cultural research in m‐commerce and provide guidelines to mobile retailers operating in diverse international markets.
Associations of cord blood leukocyte telomere length with adiposity growth from infancy to adolescence
Authors: Qureshi Farah , Aris Izzuddin M. , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Perng Wei , Oken Emily , Rich‐Edwards Janet , Cardenas Andres , Baccarelli Andrea A. , Enlow Michelle Bosquet , Belfort Mandy B. , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: September 2022

SummaryObjectiveLeukocyte telomere length (LTL) may be a biomarker for chronic disease susceptibility, but no work has tested this hypothesis directly. Our study investigated associations of LTL at birth with markers of adiposity growth that are linked with cardiometabolic health later in life.MethodsParticipants were 375 children in Project Viva (48% female, 71% White). Body mass index (BMI) trajectories from birth to 18 years were tracked using repeated measures of BMI collected in physical examinations and via medical records, then used to predict age (months) and magnitude (kg/m2) of BMI peak and rebound. LTL was measured from cord blood via duplex quantitative PCR. A binary variable indicating LTL shorter than the reference population average was the primary exposure.ResultsLTL was unrelated to BMI at peak or rebound, but associations were apparent with the timing of BMI growth milestones. Short LTL was related to a later age of peak for females (β = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.16, 1.82; psex interaction = 0.015) and an earlier age of rebound for both males and females (βcombined = −5.26, 95% CI = −9.44, −1.08).ConclusionLTL at birth may be an early biomarker of altered adiposity growth. Newborn telomere biology may shed new insight into the developmental origins of health and disease.
Promoting mental health recovery by design: Physical, procedural, and relational security in the context of the mental health built environment
Authors: Wilson Rhonda L. , Hutton Alison , Foureur Maralyn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe rates of mental health hospitalisations in Australia are rising. This paper presents the findings of a study undertaken in a regional mental health unit. The aim of the study was to obtain user perspectives to inform the redesign of the unit, which provides inpatient mental health services to rural and regional adults. A qualitative descriptive study with data collected via focus groups and in‐depth interviews was undertaken with 38 participants, including current inpatients, carers and 27 staff members of a single regional inpatient mental health unit. The 25‐bed mental health inpatient unit accommodates adults from 18+ years of age. The mental health unit sits within a referral hospital precinct and is associated with community‐based mental health services within a large regional and rural Australian public health service. The analysis of interviews and focus groups with patients, carers and mental health professionals revealed three major themes congruent with the literature These were: Firstly,Theme 1: Rooms should be designed to promote physical security. Next,Theme 2:Purposeful planning to support interactions between users and systems will promote relational security. And finally,Theme 3:Optimizing service integrity should promote procedural security. Based on the themes arising from the study, a list of recommendations was produced to inform the design of a new build for a regional mental health unit. In particular, all users of the space should expect that the built environment will promote their physical security and psychological safety and accommodate a wide range of diversity and acuity. The aesthetics should align with the promotion of recovery in the context of person‐centred and trauma‐informed models of care. Designers should plan to alleviate boredom and accommodate meaningful wayfinding. Mental health nurses should have spaces that support their work without compromising their relational security with consumers. Building designers should optimize therapeutic environments to facilitate dignified intensive and stabilizing treatments and eliminate vicarious stigma associated with caring for people with mental illness. This study provides valuable insights from a community of users who have experienced receiving and delivering mental health care within a regional and rural mental health unit.
Reflections on the Adaptation of a Postgraduate Degree in Water Management from In‐person to Remote Delivery
Authors: Clamen Murray , Anderson Emma , Dipple Johanna , Adamowski Jan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn early 2020, the COVID‐19 pandemic spurred the rapid adaptation of university course delivery to an online format. Though in‐person delivery partially resumed in the Fall of 2021, future conditions may favor a return to, or addition of, remote delivery. It is therefore important for instructors, program directors, and institutions to capitalize on this learning opportunity and reflect on adaptation measures’ successes (and failures) to inform future online course design. The reworking of McGill University's Master of Science Program in Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) provides a case study to evaluate the adaptation of remote teaching of water resource management. Informed by the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework with a focus on preserving transferable skills, a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis was used to evaluate the five core program components. This evaluation framework, which can be applied to most university programs, resulted in several widely relevant insights. For example, remote delivery can create opportunities for greater participation of international students as it eliminates the need for translocation costs. Likewise, a larger variety of guest speakers can participate remotely, giving students greater exposure to different water career paths and research perspectives, ultimately strengthening the program. However, several weaknesses pose threats to online learning. The standard in‐person lecture‐style format must therefore be amended to maintain engagement and facilitate student‐to‐student and student‐to‐instructor learning processes. Course components that can enhance the online experience include breakout rooms, discussion boards, frequent journals/feedback forms, online activities, breaks, virtual office hours, and multi‐media presentations.
Total Maximum Daily Loads and Escherichia coli Trends in Texas Freshwater Streams
Authors: Schramm Michael , Gitter Anna , Gregory Lucas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFecal indicator bacteria are routinely used to assess surface water sanitary quality. The State of Texas uses Total Maximum Daily Loads to address water bodies that exceed the allowable fecal indicator bacteria criteria. The effectiveness of these processes in decreasing the fecal indicator bacteria concentrations has been debated due to the diversity and nature of fecal indicator bacteria sources. We assessed actual and flow‐adjusted trends in measured Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations at 721 freshwater stream sites from 2001 through 2021. We also compared odds of statistical improvement of E. coli concentrations at sites before and after the adoption of Total Maximum Daily Loads (adopted from 2008 through 2014). Results indicate non‐significant differences in the odds of statistically detected improvements in E. coli concentration between pre‐Total Maximum Daily Load and post‐Total Maximum Daily Load sites. Although the State of Texas and numerous watershed stakeholders have made efforts to address water quality impairments, these results join a body of evidence that water quality improvements are stagnating in the state. Furthermore, this study leverages water quality data used for state water quality standards assessment purposes and highlights that robust monitoring program design is needed to effectively assess the progress of water quality planning efforts.
Construction of plate‐like magnetic heterostructure for synergistic microwave absorption
Authors: Ma Jiaxin , Wang Jiancheng , Hu Xiaobo , Wang Lianjun , Fan Yuchi , Jiang Wan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe dramatically dropped permeability of magnetic materials at gigahertz frequencies, known as the Snoek's limit, has severely constrained the microwave absorbing performance of magnetic materials. To break the Snoek's limit at high frequencies, a plate‐like magnetic heterostructure composed of Ni‐Fe ferrite, nitride, and Permalloy is fabricated through nitridation of Ni‐Fe layered double hydroxide. It has been found that single‐phase magnetic flakes or the multi‐phase heterostructure with extraordinarily linked magnetic nanoplates can be obtained by simply adjusting the temperature of nitridation. Due to the highly anisotropic morphology and synergistic effect at abundant heterogeneous interfaces, the magnetic heterostructure shows enhanced imaginary permeability that is even higher than that of single‐phase Permalloy. Accordingly, the magnetic loss in C and X bands is improved, leading to significant enhancement of attenuation constant in this novel microwave absorber. Combined with the moderate permittivity, the impedance matching of the heterostructure is superior compared to every single component, as well as the mixture of these components. As a result, the minimum reflection loss of −59.30 dB at a thickness of 2.02 mm and effective absorption bandwidth (RL<−10 dB) of 2.44 GHz is realized. These findings provide a novel path to designing high‐performance microwave absorbers based on magnetic materials.
Analysis of the social interaction of perceived problem‐based learning performance in internship courses
Authors: Lin Ying‐Lien , Wang Wei‐Tsong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to integrate the theories of social presence and social identity to examine the effectiveness of group‐based problem‐based learning (PBL) in learning communities. Social presence is a critical factor in determining the success of collaborative learning in group‐based PBL activities. Although several studies have investigated the effects of using self‐directed and collaborative learning, they present weak evidence within those studies to explain the impact of social interaction on perceived PBL performance in nursing internship programs.ObjectivesThis study develops a second‐order formative model to examine the relationship between social presence, trust, social identification and students' perceived PBL performance.MethodsThe partial least squares technique is used to analyse data from 409 nursing interns who studied at seven medical universities or nursing colleges.Results and ConclusionsThe results indicate that all hypotheses are supported, which is an underaddressed topic in the nursing internship education literature. Notably, the findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the interns' perceived PBL performance during the internship.
The role of desktop virtual reality as an accessible and equitable strategy to improve career opportunities for women in technology
Authors: Onele Nicholas Ogbonna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe conventional classroom does not seem to adequately address the gender disparity in technology education. This could negatively affect the contributions of the female gender to national development. There was a need to advance a setting that enhances the participation of women in technology education.AimsThis study evaluated desktop Virtual Reality (VR) to know whether it enhances equal academic achievement and learning interests of female and male students.Materials and MethodsA toss of a coin was used to divide the six universities into two major groups; three universities were taught with ElectricVlab, while the other three universities were taught in the conventional classroom. Each of the six intact classes sat in clusters of five students and the whole class was taught the construction of an audio amplifier together using a demonstration method of teaching. A Vocational Interest scale and a researcher‐made achievement test with reliability coefficient=0.89 were used for data collection. Two‐way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyse means and test hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance.ResultsThe study found no significant difference between the mean achievement and interests of female and male students in the VR group. There was a significant interaction effect between gender and teaching environment. This study predicts that VR could bring women up to the same level of interest and achievement as men, but conventional classroom methods could not.ConclusionsCurriculum planners should consider piloting virtual reality to enhance gender‐fair education, as it shows initial promise in the teaching of electronic technology education. Virtual reality for teaching and learning can be a part of postgraduate studies in universities, especially in academic fields where virtual reality has been found effective. This study may guide other studies and add to available literature.
Developing and validating a prediction model of adolescent major depressive disorder in the offspring of depressed parents
Authors: Stephens Alice , Allardyce Judith , Weavers Bryony , Lennon Jessica , Jones Rhys Bevan , Powell Victoria , Eyre Olga , Potter Robert , Price Valentina Escott , Osborn David , Thapar Anita , Collishaw Stephan , Thapar Ajay , Heron Jon , Rice Frances 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundParental depression is common and is a major risk factor for depression in adolescents. Early identification of adolescents at elevated risk of developing major depressive disorder (MDD) in this group could improve early access to preventive interventions.MethodsUsing longitudinal data from 337 adolescents at high familial risk of depression, we developed a risk prediction model for adolescent MDD. The model was externally validated in an independent cohort of 1,384 adolescents at high familial risk. We assessed predictors at baseline and MDD at follow‐up (a median of 2–3 years later). We compared the risk prediction model to a simple comparison model based on screening for depressive symptoms. Decision curve analysis was used to identify which model‐predicted risk score thresholds were associated with the greatest clinical benefit.ResultsThe MDD risk prediction model discriminated between those adolescents who did and did not develop MDD in the development (C‐statistic = .783, IQR (interquartile range) = .779, .778) and the validation samples (C‐statistic = .722, IQR = −.694, .741). Calibration in the validation sample was good to excellent (calibration intercept = .011, C‐slope = .851). The MDD risk prediction model was superior to the simple comparison model where discrimination was no better than chance (C‐statistic = .544, IQR = .536, .572). Decision curve analysis found that the highest clinical utility was at the lowest risk score thresholds (0.01–0.05).ConclusionsThe developed risk prediction model successfully discriminated adolescents who developed MDD from those who did not. In practice, this model could be further developed with user involvement into a tool to target individuals for low‐intensity, selective preventive intervention.