bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free Movement
Authors: Barnard Catherine , Butlin Sarah Fraser 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The area of free movement presents an interesting case study of, on the one hand, autonomy by the member states and, on the other hand, its erosion as the EU tries to exert its influence and control over the operation of a key pillar of the single market project. These tensions and schisms will be explored through two stories: first, the development of free movement of workers under Article 45 TFEU and second, the development of the EU’s approach to social welfare benefits. We wish to argue that these two stories show a historic and continued contestation between autonomy asserted by the member states, especially concerning social welfare benefits, and control asserted by the EU. In the case of the UK, that tension became so great that it ultimately resulted in the dramatic departure of the second largest member state from the EU, as the narrative took hold that, as a result of free movement, the UK was unable to ‘control its own borders’.
A Preacher’s Daughter
Authors: Graham Maryemma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines how going to elementary school in Birmingham gave Margaret Walker a grasp of the South in terms of its symbols, myths, and rituals. Once she began to understand that she was going to school to learn to be a writer, she absorbed the poetic elements that she thought would be useful. Although the contrasting vision of the South as a place to love and hate offered Walker the emotional basis for a relationship with the South that would find fuller expression in Chicago, Birmingham provided her the fragments that her imagination devoured, storing them for her later use. Meanwhile, Rev. Walker continued to serve as the key to his daughter’s intellectual development. Spending these years in the Alabama Black Belt under her father’s watchful eye, seeing herself as her father’s child, and seeking his deliberate approval made it easier to accept her mother's constant reminder that she was a preacher’s daughter. More important, perhaps, she shared her father’s lyrical imagination.
Colleagues and Comrades
Authors: Graham Maryemma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter illustrates how, almost two months after she had begun working at the Writers’ Project, Margaret Walker received a postcard inviting her to the organizing meeting for a group of Negro writers. The card was signed “Richard Wright.” Although they were now coworkers, most of what she knew about Wright came from conversations with others rather than with him. She doubted if he had remembered her from the American Writers Congress meeting where Langston Hughes had introduced them, but she was nonetheless pleased to be identified as part of a group who would soon have its own moniker, “South Side Writers.” Walker connected immediately to Wright’s ideas, after having discovered the power in his prose. In his view, the network of Black intellectuals at the Writers’ Project had an opportunity to envision a different context in which Negro writing could develop. The John Reed Club was the model for the South Side Writers Group, and, in Wright’s view, the ideal of communism did not necessarily have to be unifying factor among them. What communism did for him in part was to demonstrate the importance of collective work.
Jubilee
Authors: Graham Maryemma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explains that never had there been such fierce competition between the two sides of Margaret Walker’s self than after her return from Iowa: the writer committed to a public art, and the wife and mother on whom her family was almost entirely dependent. The tension between duty and desire was the constant driving force in her life, feeding her creative energies. As she grew older with increased responsibilities, any reconciliation of her separate spheres through her art was harder to achieve. The chapter then looks at Margaret Walker’s Jubilee. Although the novel began as the coming-of-age story of a young girl enslaved from birth, she gave more focus to her interior life as a mature woman, mother, and wife against the backdrop of slavery’s demise, the birth of a free Black community in the South, and the choices that people made, choices that were neither easy nor always clear. Jubilee, as an analogue for historically situated slavery-to-freedom-and-after encounters, verified through painstaking research, defies sentimentality, even with its love triangle.
To Teach, to Lead, to Change the World
Authors: Graham Maryemma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter begins by looking at an unpublished poem written shortly after Margaret Walker returned home to Jackson in June 1969, which reveals ripened insights and a renewal of her creative energies. “The Aquarium,” a rare appearance among pages of critical commentary, social analysis, and planning notes, considers the impact of spatial confinement. The reversal of her own life pattern—starting from the South rather than the North—reflects the psychological moment of the poem’s composition, as much as it privileges her return to her native South. The chapter then considers how a December 1969 police raid of the Black Panther headquarters in Chicago and the resulting death of Illinois leader Fred Hampton fueled some of Walker’s strongest revolutionary rhetoric. Horrified by this overt display of police brutality under government sanction, and having no other outlet to express her rage, she turned again to her journal. In one of her legendary critiques of the US response to race relations, she argued the importance of revolutionary organizations for social change.
Fame and Infamy
Authors: Graham Maryemma 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses how Margaret Walker’s activities for the remainder of the 1970s showed a singleness of purpose. She held firm to her belief that education must manifest a liberation agenda. Walker’s focus continued to be providing increased recognition for Black writers and their writing within the South Concerned that even those considered Southern writers had gained recognition writing outside the South, she emphasized what could and should be done within the South. One of the most heated debates of the period was over the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment, spurred on by the 1973 Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade that protected a woman’s right to have an abortion. Walker’s interest in and writing about the Women’s Movement, however, proceeded from a distance. She had written that all Black women lived in a “male oriented and male dominated white world,” and felt strongly about the need for greater recognition of women. But philosophical and personal reasons removed her from the radical Black feminism that she saw emerging.
Diffusion of News Nerds
Authors: Kosterich Allie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter traces the overall objectification and justification of news nerds as a solution to the ongoing challenges faced by the news industry. Furthermore, in addition to the analysis of interviews and industry documents, an examination of this last institutional change factor provides for a supplementary data source. In receiving access to an exclusive data set of journalism industry job listings, the chapter quantitatively and qualitatively provides evidence of the growing diffusion of news nerds throughout the news industry over time. Here again, the case study of journalist employment networks further complements these findings by demonstrating how the diffusion patterns are enacted at the organizational and professional levels.
Institutional Augmentation and the Future of News Nerds
Authors: Kosterich Allie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The final chapter reviews the argument in an integrated fashion and then explores the implications of institutional augmentation and news nerds. First, the chapter points to key concerns at the industry level as newsrooms start to think about managing new professional positions (e.g., designing career paths, role evaluation, and newsroom integration). Second, it discusses the implications at a societal level as new skill sets and new ways of understanding and producing news start to collide with the old routines of journalism. Finally, the chapter elaborates on the significance of institutional augmentation as an explanatory framework for change in both theoretical and practical contexts.
Intelligence Support to Diplomacy
Authors: Sims Jennifer E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
To prepare for the coming chapters on diplomatic intelligence, this chapter discusses the similarities and differences between military and diplomatic decision-making. “Diplomacy” is discussed in its broadest sense as the development, clarification, and representation of foreign policies to and from foreign governments, including intelligence gathering and negotiation. “Diplomatic operations” are the logistics of diplomacy. Although the requirements for intelligence support to diplomacy and diplomatic operations overlap with support to the military, there are differences: (1) Diplomats bargain, logroll, and trade with adversaries, sometimes to gain win-win outcomes. (2) Chiefs of mission tend to be more wary than their military counterparts are of incompatible, clandestine intelligence operations because such activities put diplomatic decision advantage at risk for the seemingly lesser goal of intelligence advantage. (3) Diplomacy involves the management of global politics, making the terrain of uncertainty and the geographic reach of collection potentially larger than that of the military in peacetime. (4) Unlike military intelligence, diplomacy has traditionally (and wrongly) prioritized policy requirements (negotiations, reporting, and policymaking) over logistics (embassy construction, operations, communications, and logistics) when seeking intelligence support. (5) Unlike in the military, foreign policymaking and diplomacy have informal and sometimes seemingly arbitrary chains of command; decision-makers may change often, requiring a redirection of intelligence flows. Diplomacy involves influencing multiple foreign governments so selective secrecy (agility in the classification and declassification of intelligence) is often more important than it is to military operations, except perhaps when the latter involves conducting joint operations with allies.
Knowledge and Diplomacy in the Era of Total War
Authors: Sims Jennifer E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The years encompassing WWI and WWII, roughly from 1880 to 1945, suffered from a unified but persistently dark terrain of uncertainty. Power relationships were in constant flux due to the effects of the industrial revolution, and decision-making was opaque due to the decline of monarchical authorities. The British Empire was stretched, the Ottoman Empire folding, and Austria-Hungary was tottering in the center of Europe. The greatest uncertainties destined to shape early twentieth-century diplomacy concerned (1) the relationship of industrial advances to military power and planning; (2) the volatility of rebalancing British and German power; (3) decision-making authorities within modernizing governments; (4) the impact on state power of a more educated and mobilized citizenry; and (5) the impact of institutionalized intelligence on diplomacy and state power.
The Twenty-First-Century Terrain of Uncertainty
Authors: Sims Jennifer E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The twenty-first century terrain offers two broad types of uncertainties: those related to traditional forms of power (military, territory, demographics, and wealth), and those having to do with nontraditional forms related to intelligence (capacities to learn, whether through a traditional intelligence system or not). With respect to the former, the United States, Russia, China, and Europe will remain the principal great powers coping with their conflicting interests, changing power relationships and the effects of climate change, such as mass migration and a warming Arctic. The information revolution—the second basket of uncertainties—has affected states’ relative capacities to manage instability and disorder. The rapidly advancing, intelligence-based forms of power will allow hacker-enabled nonstate actors and wealthy corporations such as Google, Facebook, Amazon, and Alibaba to influence international politics at an unprecedented scale. They will vie with traditional intelligence services over control of competitive learning, and will punch above their weight as they buy and sell intelligence services to states. Countries that foster innovation and private-sector alliances will likely gain intelligence advantages over others. Without wise pursuit and careful management of such alliances, however, authoritarians will have growing capacities for social and political influence, deception, and cyberwar.
Introduction
Authors: Vivian Bradford 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The introduction previews the main argument of the book: popular but misleading claims about free speech crises, a lack of intellectual diversity, and coddled students on college campuses are key tenets of misinformation about higher education that emerged in the mid-2010s and continue to grow in popularity today. The introduction explains how subsequent chapters support this argument on two related tracks: by detailing patterns of misinformation about higher education specifically while also emphasizing how such misinformation may indicate rising pro-authoritarian sentiment in the United States. The introduction also explains why the book focuses on the language of campus misinformation, meaning recurrent key terms and lines of argument, and previews chapters to come by explaining how each chapter examines an important term or concept in popular debates about higher education. Such introductory content establishes the book’s aim to promote more constructive public dialogue about the value of higher education to democracy.
Mobs and Shutdowns
Authors: Vivian Bradford 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter shows how campus misinformation evolved in the late 2010s to popularize an alternative reality of student mobs that shut down or cancel most outside speakers on most university campuses. That stage of campus misinformation generated intense animus against higher education and lasting false impressions about university affairs. Sensationalized narratives of campus mobs, shutdowns, and cancellations, the chapter argues, project a misleading alternative reality of higher education while mischaracterizing freely exercised rights of protest and social advocacy as inherently radical or dangerous—both on college campuses and in society at large. The chapter supports its main claims by illustrating how campus misinformation relies on abuses of anecdotal evidence. It concludes that sensationalism about student mobs and shutdowns of invited speakers offer dubious methods for substantively addressing incidents of violence and extreme ideological conflict where and when they do appear on college campuses.
Rebuilding a Bridge and a Community
Authors: Low Setha 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Chapter 4. Rebuilding a Bridge and a Community: Health an Resilience at Walkway Over Hudson, Poughkeepsie, New York tells the story of the rebuilding of a derelict railroad bridge between Poughkeepsie and Highland (in New York State’s Hudson Valley) to create a linear park. The ethnography of Walkway Over the Hudson Historical Park reveals the potential of a resident-initiated intervention to transform the health, well-being, and the resilience of a small city. The over one-mile-long expanse crossing the Hudson River encourages physical exercise and mental health by offering an accessible, safe, and scenic place. The study establishes that this positive relationship is not attributed solely to the presence or absence of green or blue space. Equally important are the social aspects of having a place to walk, socialize, and be with other people.
Happiness, Theirs and Ours
Authors: Austin Emily A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter introduces the Epicurean conception of happiness. While Epicurus’ hedonism sets him apart from other Ancient Greek philosophical schools, he agrees with his anti-hedonist competitors on two important fronts: (1) happiness requires virtue, and (2) we can be mistaken about whether we are happy. Both claims might strike us as non-starters. Happiness and ethics appear largely unrelated, as unvirtuous people often seem happy, and virtuous people often appear miserable. We also generally let others be the judge of their own happiness. This chapter contends that we might be more sympathetic than we think to the Ancient Greek conception of happiness as objective, even on the Epicurean assumption that happiness is cashed out in pleasure and the absence of anxiety.
That Old Time Religion
Authors: Austin Emily A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores Epicurus’ distinctive and controversial views about religious belief and observance. Given the central role of piety in Epicurus’ doctrinal texts, it might seem surprising that he has been both celebrated and reviled as an atheist. Epicurus argues that gods exist because humans share a common conception of divine existence—a “basic grasp” of a perfection around which we can orient our lives and values. This commitment to the “basic grasp,” however, leads him to stridently reject some common religious beliefs as impious and unscientific. Specifically, he argues that it is impious to think that the gods concern themselves with rewarding or punishing human beings, and he denies the existence of an afterlife. Epicurus also denies that the gods create, sustain, or destroy the universe, as the universe results from the regular and sometimes spontaneous interaction of atoms. This chapter explains the reasoning underlying Epicurus’ chief criticisms of popular religion and considers what kind of religious belief and practice might remain for an Epicurean.
Practicing Epicureanism
Authors: Austin Emily A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter offers practical advice for incorporating Epicureanism into daily living. Epicurus did not consider his philosophy an academic exercise—he intended it to be lived. The key to living as an Epicurean is a clear-eyed assessment of our desires and priorities. We each have our own dispositional strengths and weaknesses, so some of the labour of applying Epicureanism to our lives requires self-reflection and practice. Epicurus provides some general tips on evaluating our desires, re-orienting our priorities, and focusing our attention on what matters for stable happiness. Sometimes we need to change our mind, sometimes we need to change our environment, and sometimes we need to study the world.
King of All the Scots
Authors: Hudson Benjamin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The victory of Mac bethad (Macbeth) over Duncan in 1040 united the Scots. For the next seventeen years, he faced challenges to his rule and showed innovation. There was a rebellion by Duncan’s family, the flight of Duncan’s sons from the kingdom, Macbeth’s royal pilgrimage to Rome, his reception of French-speaking émigrés, and an invasion from England. Even so, the most striking testament to Macbeth’s reign was its quiet. He was neither a terrible tyrant nor a slandered saint. To his rivals he was the success that they wished to become. To his subjects, he was the prince who gave them the stability that was so valuable. When he died after a fight with Malcolm Canmore, he had demonstrated a new kind of kingship.
Conclusion
Authors: Hudson Benjamin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The search for Macbeth—real prince and fictional character—has ranged across more than five centuries. The real prince was an important and unusual person. From a family in danger of extinction, he became the high king of the Scots. Dragged into the Norwegian-Danish conflict, he successfully navigated his path to supremacy. At the end of his reign, he was pulled into the discord at the English court, which ultimately was his undoing. Macbeth the fictional character began his development on the day the historical prince died. Initially remembered as a good king, his decline began in the fourteenth century during the hunt for a national villain. For two and a half centuries, Macbeth the Tyrant overshadowed his contemporaries.
Introduction
Authors: Palley Howard A. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This volume examines the public/private sector mix in a number of national healthcare systems and their interface with the goals of health equity and quality of healthcare. Moreover, there is a consideration of public accountability. The unique significance of this collection of national studies involving the public/private sector mix of healthcare services and/or finances is that it provides insights into the factors that enhance the public/private sector mix in fulfilling the goals of health equity and the quality of healthcare services as well as an understanding of the circumstances in which elements of the public/private sector mix may be harmful for the achievement of such goals in a variety of national settings. The contributions to this volume provide a variety of perspectives in dealing with these objectives.
The Public/Private Healthcare Mix in France
Authors: Pierre Aurélie , Or Zeynep 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
France has the reputation of having one of the best healthcare system in the world. Indeed, its responsiveness is rated high; patients have a large choice of public and private providers without chronic waiting time problems, and the health status of the French population ranks among the best in the world. However, promoting a universal health system built on a mix of public and private funding and provision raises numerous challenges for ensuring the equity and efficiency of the system. This chapter presents the unique public/private mix of funding and care delivery in France and discusses how the system has been continuously tailored to face pressures to curb health expenditure growth and ensure equity of access and quality of care while maintaining plurality and choice.
The Public/Private Sector Mix in Healthcare
Authors: Costa Lobato Lenaura de Vasconcelos , Senna Monica de Castro Maia , Burlandy Luciene 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines the public/private mix and its relation to equity in health system configuration and service provision in Brazil, with special attention to the most vulnerable groups. Health services and relations between the public and private sectors in Brazil are conditioned by structural inequities in Brazilian society, which affect conditions of life and health and consequently lead to unequal distribution of the risks of falling ill and dying and the possibility of accessing services. Brazil’s mix is characterized by a universal public system coexisting with a powerful private service system, and where private outlays exceed public expenditure. That situation is expressed on the one hand in duplicate coverage and combined use of services, and, on the other hand, in segmented access, leading to complex interactions that undermine equity. The analysis conducted here entails first describing Brazil’s overall characteristics: its historical formation, sociodemographic data, social inequalities, and the background to its health system and public/private mix. The public and private systems are then described, with a view to addressing the interactions between them in coverage, provision, access, and funding, emphasizing how these interactions affect equity and, consequently, quality of healthcare.