bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Entrepreneurial State: An Ownership Competence Perspective
Authors: Murtinu Samuele , Foss Nicolai J. , Klein Peter G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAcademics, pundits, and policymakers have recently called for a stronger governmental role in the economy to tackle social issues such as inequality and grand challenges like global warming. Despite a general recognition among economists and management scholars that government efforts to guide and control innovation or subsidize private entrepreneurs have failed to yield results, these calls also describe an entrepreneurial state in which bureaucrats, not entrepreneurs, direct not only basic research but also applied technological development. Building on the notions of economic competence and ownership competence we argue that even well-intentioned and strongly motivated public actors lack the ability to manage the process of innovation, especially under Knightian uncertainty. As stewards of resources owned by the public, government bureaucrats do not exercise the ultimate responsibility that comes with ownership. Moreover, government ownership of firms and labs and government intervention in the management of privately owned assets hampers the competitive process of putting ownership of innovative firms and projects in the hands of individuals and groups with higher levels of ownership ability. We suggest that ownership competence differs systematically between public and private actors, particularly around innovation, with important implications for innovation policy.
Cultural Ideals in the Entrepreneurship Industry
Authors: Brattström Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs public and private organizations are spending resources fostering entrepreneurship, an industry around entrepreneurship has emerged. Using the entrepreneurship industry in Sweden as a case and example, this chapter provides an explorative analysis of the emergence, manifestations, and consequences of cultural ideals within this industry. The analysis reveals how the entrepreneurship industry is not only a producer of goods and services for opportunity discovery and development; but also a producer of entrepreneurship culture. Moreover, it reveals how the production and consumption of entrepreneurship culture can lead to problems of inefficiency and discrimination, problems which ultimately hamper the entrepreneurial output that the industry is supposed to produce.
Systematically testing singlet models for (g − 2)μ
Authors: Capdevilla Rodolfo , Curtin David , Kahn Yonatan , Krnjaic Gordan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We comprehensively study all viable new-physics scenarios that resolve the muon (g − 2)μ anomaly with only Standard Model singlet particles coupled to muons via renormalizable interactions. Since such models are only viable in the MeV–TeV mass range and require sizable muon couplings, they predict abundant accelerator production through the same interaction that resolves the anomaly. We find that a combination of fixed-target (NA64μ, M3), B-factory (BABAR, Belle II), and collider (LHC, muon collider) searches can cover nearly all viable singlets scenarios, independently of their decay modes. In particular, future muon collider searches offer the only certain test of singlets above the GeV scale, covering all higher masses up to the TeV-scale unitarity limit for these models. Intriguingly, we find that $$ \mathcal{O}\left(100\ \mathrm{GeV}\right) $$
O

100

GeV

muon colliders may yield better coverage for GeV-scale singlets compared to TeV-scale concepts, which has important implications for the starting center-of-mass energy of a staged muon collider program.
Yangian Ward identities for fishnet four-point integrals
Authors: Corcoran Luke , Loebbert Florian , Miczajka Julian 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We derive and study Yangian Ward identities for the infinite class of four-point ladder integrals and their Basso-Dixon generalisations. These symmetry equations follow from interpreting the respective Feynman integrals as correlation functions in the biscalar fishnet theory. Alternatively, the presented identities can be understood as anomaly equations for a momentum space conformal symmetry. The Ward identities take the form of inhomogeneous extensions of the partial differential equations defining the Appell hypergeometric functions. We employ a manifestly conformal tensor reduction in order to express these inhomogeneities in compact form, which are given by linear combinations of Basso-Dixon integrals with shifted dimensions and propagator powers. The Ward identities naturally generalise to a one-parameter family of D-dimensional integrals representing correlators in the generalised fishnet theory of Kazakov and Olivucci. When specified to two spacetime dimensions, the Yangian Ward identities decouple. Using separation of variables, we explicitly bootstrap the solution for the conformal 2D box integral. The result is a linear combination of Yangian invariant products of Legendre functions, which reduce to elliptic K integrals for an isotropic choice of propagator powers. We comment on differences in the transcendentality patterns in two and four dimensions and their relations to discontinuities.
Planar three-loop master integrals for 2 → 2 processes with one external massive particle
Authors: Canko Dhimiter D. , Syrrakos Nikolaos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present analytic results for the two tennis-court integral families relevant to 2 → 2 scattering processes involving one massive external particle and massless propagators in terms of Goncharov polylogarithms of up to transcendental weight six. We also present analytic results for physical kinematics for the ladder-box family and the two tennis-court families in terms of real-valued polylogarithmic functions, making our solutions well-suited for phenomenological applications.
Topological orders, braiding statistics, and mixture of two types of twisted BF theories in five dimensions
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Feng , Ye Peng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Topological orders are a prominent paradigm for describing quantum many-body systems without symmetry-breaking orders. We present a topological quantum field theoretical (TQFT) study on topological orders in five-dimensional spacetime (5D) in which topological excitations include not only point-like particles, but also two types of spatially extended objects: closed string-like loops and two-dimensional closed membranes. Especially, membranes have been rarely explored in the literature of topological orders. By introducing higher-form gauge fields, we construct exotic TQFT actions that include mixture of two distinct types of BF topological terms and many twisted topological terms. The gauge transformations are properly defined and utilized to compute level quantization and classification of TQFTs. Among all TQFTs, some are not in Dijkgraaf-Witten cohomological classification. To characterize topological orders, we concretely construct all braiding processes among topological excitations, which leads to very exotic links formed by closed spacetime trajectories of particles, loops, and membranes. For each braiding process, we construct gauge-invariant Wilson operators and calculate the associated braiding statistical phases. As a result, we obtain expressions of link invariants all of which have manifest geometric interpretation. Following Wen’s definition, the boundary theory of a topological order exhibits gravitational anomaly. We expect that the characterization and classification of 5D topological orders in this paper encode information of 4D gravitational anomaly. Further consideration, e.g., putting TQFTs on 5D manifolds with boundaries, is left to future work.
Two-loop amplitude for mixed QCD-EW corrections to gg → Hg
Authors: Becchetti Matteo , Moriello Francesco , Schweitzer Armin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report on the two-loop amplitude computation for the mixed QCD-electroweak corrections to the process gg → Hg, with exact dependence on the electroweak boson masses. This amplitude has been employed in the computation of next-to-leading order (NLO) mixed QCD-electroweak corrections to the Higgs-boson production rate in [47]. The master integrals that appear in the amplitude are evaluated by means of generalized power series expansions, which allows for fast and high-precision numerical evaluation of the amplitude in the physical phase-space, proving to be a powerful tool for phenomenological applications.
Skeletal muscle cell-specific differences in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Frankenberg Noni T. , Mason Shaun A. , Wadley Glenn D. , Murphy Robyn M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMajor stores of glucose are found as glycogen in skeletal muscle and liver. Skeletal muscle is a heterogenous tissue, with cellular metabolic and contractile distinctions dependent on whether the cell (fibre) is slow-twitch (Type I) or fast-twitch (Type II). We hypothesised that proteins important for glycogen metabolism would be differentially abundant between these diverse fibres. We further hypothesised that the cellular location of these proteins would be different in muscle samples between control (CON) and individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We dissected individual muscle fibre segments from vastus lateralis skeletal muscle biopsy samples from CON and T2D and used cell-type-specific approaches to address muscle heterogeneity. We measured glycogen and glycogen-related proteins by immunoblotting techniques. A lower proportion of Type I fibres was found in muscle in T2D compared with CON. AMPK-β2, glycogen branching enzyme (GBE), glycogen debranching enzyme (GDE), and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) were differentially localized between fibre types and in fibres from CON and T2D individuals. A key novel finding was that the majority of glycogen is loosely bound or cytosolic in location in human skeletal muscle. The proportion of this diffusible pool of glycogen was significantly lower in Type I fibres in T2D compared to CON. A hyperinsulinaemic, euglycaemic clamp in people with type 2 diabetes had no effect on the proportion of diffusible glycogen. We identify cell-type as an important consideration when assessing glycogen metabolism in muscle. Our findings demonstrate varying glucose handling abilities in specific muscle fibre types in type 2 diabetes. A model is presented to provide an overview of the cell-specific differences in glycogen metabolism in type 2 diabetes.
Altered responsiveness of the antioxidant system in chronically stressed animals: modulation by chronic lurasidone treatment
Authors: Spero Vittoria , Paladini Maria Serena , Brivio Paola , Riva Marco Andrea , Calabrese Francesca , Molteni Raffaella 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Rationale
Although the occurrence of stressful events is very common during life, their impact may be different depending on the experience severity and duration. Specifically, acute challenges may trigger adaptive responses and even improve the individual’s performance. However, such a physiological positive coping can only take place if the underlying molecular mechanisms are properly functioning. Indeed, if these systems are compromised by genetic factors or previous adverse conditions, the response set in motion by an acute challenge may be maladaptive and even cause the insurgence or the relapse of stress-related psychiatric disorders.

Objectives
On these bases, we evaluated in the rat brain the role of the antioxidant component of the redox machinery on the acute stress responsiveness and its modulation by potential detrimental or beneficial events.

Methods
The expression of several antioxidant enzymes was assessed in different brain areas of adult male rats exposed to acute stress 3 weeks after a chronic immobilization paradigm with or without a concomitant treatment with the antipsychotic lurasidone.

Results
The acute challenge was able to trigger a marked antioxidant response that, despite the washout period, was impaired by the previous adverse experience and restored by lurasidone in an anatomical-specific manner.

Conclusions
We found that a working antioxidant machinery takes part in acute stress response and may be differentially affected by other experiences. Given the essential role of stress responsiveness in almost every life process, the identification of the underlying mechanisms and their potential pharmacological modulation add further translational value to our data.
Use of psychotropic medication and risk of road traffic crashes: a registry-based case–control study in Denmark, 1996–2018
Authors: Olesen Anne Vingaard , Madsen Tanja Kidholm Osmann , Lahrmann Harry , Nielsen Jimmi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Rationale
Use of psychotropics is relatively prevalent amongst motor vehicle drivers because mobility is also important for persons suffering from psychiatric illness. However, medication side effects may increase the likelihood of being involved in traffic crashes.

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the association between the use of four types of medication (antipsychotics, benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics, antidepressants and stimulants of ADHD treatment) and the risk of traffic crashes, in general, and single crashes subsequently.

Method
We conducted a case–control study of data from 130,000 drivers involved in traffic crashes with personal injury and prescription data from all of Denmark during the period 1996–2018.

Results
For antipsychotics, we found odds ratios of 0.86 and 1.29 for traffic crashes and single crashes, respectively; for benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics, 1.29 and 2.49, respectively; for antidepressants, 1.30 and 2.25, respectively; and for stimulants of ADHD treatment, 1.62 and 1.95, respectively. All p values were below 0.001.

Conclusions
Based on our results on twofold increased risks of single crashes and moderately increased risks in persons with ADHD, it might seem tempting to ban psychotropic medication in traffic. Conversely, we accept increased risks of traffic crashes in young drivers and in the physically disabled with special aids and, to some extent, with exposure to alcohol. In the end, it is the authorities who must review the evidence and decide whether to prohibit (some types of) psychotropic medication in traffic. Finally, underlying disease and not the drug may increase the risk of being involved in a traffic crash.
Solid-phase extraction and fractionation of multiclass pollutants from wastewater followed by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Fernández-Fernández V. , Ramil M. , Cela R. , Rodríguez I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein, we describe a modular solid-phase extraction (SPE) setup, combining three sorbents, for the effective extraction of neutrals, acidic, and basic micropollutants from wastewater, followed by their further elution in three independent extracts. The performance of this approach was demonstrated for a suite of 64 compounds, corresponding to different chemical families, using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Target compounds were effectively extracted from wastewater samples; moreover, 62 out of 64 species were isolated in just one of the three fractions (neutrals, acids, and bases) obtained from the combination of sorbents. Globally, the efficiency and the selectivity of the SPE methodology improved the features obtained using generic SPE polymers, displaying just reversed-phase interactions. The overall recoveries of the analytical method, calculated against solvent-based calibration standards, stayed between 80 and 120% for 57 and 60 compounds, in raw and treated wastewater, respectively. Procedural limits of quantification (LOQs) varied from 1 to 20 ng L−1. Analysis of urban wastewater samples identified a group of 19 pollutants showing either negligible median removal efficiencies (± 20%) during wastewater treatment, or even a noticeable enhancement (case of the biodegradation product of the drug valsartan), which might be useful as markers of wastewater discharges in the aquatic environment.
Decay of Correlations in Finite Abelian Lattice Gauge Theories
Authors: Forsström Malin P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we study lattice gauge theory on$$ \mathbb {Z}^4 $$Z4with finite Abelian structure group. When the inverse coupling strength is sufficiently large, we use ideas from disagreement percolation to give an upper bound on the decay of correlations of local functions. We then use this upper bound to compute the leading-order term for both the expected value of the spin at a given plaquette as well as for the two-point correlation function. Moreover, we give an upper bound on the dependency of the size of the box on which the model is defined. The results in this paper extend and refine results by Chatterjee and Borgs.
The impact of radiomics for human papillomavirus status prediction in oropharyngeal cancer: systematic review and radiomics quality score assessment
Authors: Spadarella Gaia , Ugga Lorenzo , Calareso Giuseppina , Villa Rossella , D’Aniello Serena , Cuocolo Renato 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Purpose

Human papillomavirus (HPV) status assessment is crucial for decision making in oropharyngeal cancer patients. In last years, several articles have been published investigating the possible role of radiomics in distinguishing HPV-positive from HPV-negative neoplasms. Aim of this review was to perform a systematic quality assessment of radiomic studies published on this topic.

Methods
Radiomics studies on HPV status prediction in oropharyngeal cancer patients were selected. The Radiomic Quality Score (RQS) was assessed by three readers to evaluate their methodological quality. In addition, possible correlations between RQS% and journal type, year of publication, impact factor, and journal rank were investigated.

Results
After the literature search, 19 articles were selected whose RQS median was 33% (range 0–42%). Overall, 16/19 studies included a well-documented imaging protocol, 13/19 demonstrated phenotypic differences, and all were compared with the current gold standard. No study included a public protocol, phantom study, or imaging at multiple time points. More than half (13/19) included feature selection and only 2 were comprehensive of non-radiomic features. Mean RQS was significantly higher in clinical journals.

Conclusion
Radiomics has been proposed for oropharyngeal cancer HPV status assessment, with promising results. However, these are supported by low methodological quality investigations. Further studies with higher methodological quality, appropriate standardization, and greater attention to validation are necessary prior to clinical adoption.
Can the Framing of Climate Mitigation Actions into Government Policies Lead to Delivering Them? – Insights from Nepal’s Experience
Authors: Baniya Bishal , Aryal Prem Prakash 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMany low-income countries (LICs), including Nepal, endeavour to deliver climate mitigation by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and achieving more sustainable resource consumption. However, their prospects of delivering on such goals alongside the rapid structural changes in the economy prevalent in the LICs are not clear. This research aims to better understand the underlying complexity in the linkage between the framing of climate mitigation actions into government policies and the prospects for their delivery. We use critical discourse analysis, post-structural discourse analysis, and thematic analysis of textual data corpus generated from government policies (n = 12) and semi-structured interviews (n = 12) with policy actors, such as government policymakers and private sector and non-government organisations’ representatives. We also develop energy and material consumption and GHG emissions models to predict their values up to 2050 via the R tools and machine learning algorithms that validate the accuracy of models. Our findings suggest that the social context of policymaking creates a knowledge structure on climate mitigation which is reflected in government policies. The policy actors and their institutions exchange their ideas and interests in a deliberative and collaborative environment to prioritise policies for the energy, forest, and transport sectors to deliver climate mitigation actions in Nepal. However, the energy sector, together with the agriculture sector, has insufficient climate mitigation actions. Reflecting on the high proportion of biomass in the energy mix and the rapid rise in fossil fuel and energy consumption per capita—both of which are driven by the remittance inflows—this research suggests measures to reduce these in an absolute sense.
Transient demographic approaches can drastically expand the toolbox of coral reef science
Authors: Cant James , Salguero-Gómez Roberto , Beger Maria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCoral communities are threatened by an increasing plethora of abiotic and biotic disturbances. Preventing the ensuing loss of coral coverage and diversity calls for a mechanistic understanding of resilience across coral species and populations that is currently lacking in coral reef science. Assessments into the dynamics of coral populations typically focus on their long-term (i.e.asymptotic) characteristics, tacitly assuming stable environments in which populations can attain their long-term characteristics. Instead, we argue that greater focus is needed on investigating thetransient(i.e.short-term) dynamics of coral populations to describe and predict their characteristics and trajectories within unstable environments. Applying transient demographic approaches to evaluating and forecasting the responses of coral populations to disturbance holds promise for expediting our capacity to predict and manage the resilience of coral populations, species, and communities.
Accuracy and prognostic value of radiological lymph node features in variant histologies of bladder cancer
Authors: Rodler Severin , Solyanik Olga , Ingenerf Maria , Fabritius Matthias , Schulz Gerald B. , Jokisch Friedrich , Volz Yannic , Westhofen Thilo , Ebner Benedikt , Casuscelli Jozefina , Kretschmer Alexander , Waidelich Raphaela , Schlenker Boris , Stief Christian , Buchner Alexander , Eismann Lennert 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To provide first evidence of lymph node (LN) staging using CT scan and its prognostic value in variant histologies of bladder cancer. This knowledge may optimize patient management with variant histologies based on CT morphological findings.

Methods
Preoperative CT scans of patients with variant histologies who underwent RC between 2004 and 2019 were reanalyzed by two independent radiologists in a blinded review process. Specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for LN staging as well as LN characteristics were evaluated. Correlation with survival was investigated by Kaplan–Meier method, log-rank test and multivariate analysis.

Results
1361 patients with primary tumor of the bladder underwent RC, of which 163 (12%) patients revealed variant histologies. 65 (47.8%) patients have shown an urothelial variant (UV) and 71 (52.2%) a non-urothelial variant (NUV). LN metastases were found in 18 (27.7%) patients with UV and 21 (29.6%) patients with NUV. The accuracy to detect LN metastasis for all variant histologies was 62% with a sensitivity of 46% and a specificity of 70%. Subgroups of UV and NUV revealed an accuracy of 67% and 57%. An increased number of regional LN (HR 2.8; 1.34–6.18) and the loss of fatty hilum (HR 0.36, 0.17–0.76) were prognostic parameters. In multivariate analysis, a fatty hilum (HR 0.313, 0.104–0.945) and the presence of lymph node metastases (HR 2.866, 1.140–7.207) were prognostic.

Conclusion
This first study on CT morphological behavior of variant histologies revealed an accuracy of UV and NUV comparable to UC with low specificity for all variant histologies. CT scan prior RC should be interpreted in regard to histological subtypes.