bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on perioperative neurocognitive disorders in patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia. A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ntalouka Maria P. , Arnaoutoglou Eleni , Vrakas Spyridon , Staikou Chryssoula , Angelis Fragkiskos A. , Papadopoulos Georgios , Tzimas Petros 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
Preliminary evidence suggests a possible relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and perioperative neurocognitive disorders (NCD). We sought to investigate whether patients with T2DM, undergoing elective noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia, are at increased risk of perioperative NCD.

Material and Methods:
A prospective cohort study was designed. One-hundred and forty-four patients with T2DM and 144 healthy controls were recruited. Controls were matched for sex, age, type of operation, and educational background. Postoperative delirium (POD), delayed neurocognitive recovery and postoperative NCD were evaluated.

Results:
Two hundred twenty-eight patients were analyzed. Compared to controls, patients with T2DM were diagnosed with higher rates of NCD preoperatively (n = 96 vs. n = 26, P < 0.05) and higher POD up to 4 days postoperatively (n = 204 vs. n = 68, P < 0.05). Increased rates of delayed neurocognitive recovery and postoperative NCD were recorded in patients with T2DM up to 9 months postoperatively (n = 473 vs. n = 192, P < 0.05). Insulin-dependent patients had higher rates of POD on the second (n = 38 vs. n = 24, P < 0.05) and third day (n = 27 vs. n = 16, P < 0.05) when compared to noninsulin-dependent patients. Logistic multivariable analysis revealed that patients with T2DM are at increased risk for postoperative cognitive disorders.

Conclusion:
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus appear to be at a higher risk of perioperative NCDs up to 9 months after elective noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia.
Code blue: Predictors of survival
Authors: Hazra Darpanarayan , Nekkanti Ankita Chowdary , Jindal Anmol , Sanjay M , Florence Irene , Yuvaraj S , Abhilash Kundavaram Paul Prabhakar 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
Code blue is a rapid response system developed for emergency resuscitation and stabilization of any sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) within a hospital. Literatures on outcome and factors predicting mortality from SCA in the Emergency departments (EDs) of India is scant.

Material and Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included all patients above the age of 15 years who had a code blue declared in the ED between the months of January 2018 and June 2019. Factors related to the sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and mortality were analyzed using descriptive-analytic statistics and logistic regressions.

Results:
This study included 435 patients with a male predominance of 299 (69%). The mean age was 54.5 (SD - 16.5) years. Resuscitation was not attempted for 18 patients because of the terminal nature of the underlying disease. The majority were in-hospital cardiac arrests (74%). The nonshockable rhythm included pulseless electrical activity (PEA) (85.5%) and asystole (14.5%) cases. Shockable rhythms, that is, pulseless ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation were noted in only 10% (43/417) of cases. ROSC was attained in 184 (44.1%) patients, among which 56 (13.4%) were discharged alive from the hospital. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed CPR >10 min (odds ratio [OR]: 13.58; 95% CI: 8.39–22.01; P < 0.001) and female gender (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.13–3.17; P = 0.016) to be independent risk factors for failure to achieve ROSC in ED.

Conclusion:
The initial documented rhythm was nonshockable in the majority of the cases. CPR duration of more than 10 min and female gender were independent risk factors for failure to achieve ROSC in the ED. Nonshockable rhythms have a poorer outcomes than that of shockable rhythms.
Effects of intra-operative infusion of lidocaine on postoperative pain and quality of recovery in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Awal Shikha , Bhalotra Anju Romina , Sharma Saurabh 
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:
Early recovery is desirable after day care surgery. Intravenous lidocaine has anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, and analgesic effects and by reducing postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting, and duration of postoperative ileus and hospital stay, might be a useful adjuvant to improve recovery after gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Material and Methods:
Fifty female patients, aged 18–55 years, undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery were randomly allocated to two groups. In Group L, patients received intravenous lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg at induction of anesthesia followed by infusion of 2 mg/kg/hour until the completion of surgery and in Group NS, patients received normal saline infusion. The Global QoR-40 score at 24 hours, pain score in PACU and at 24 hours, nausea/vomiting, PADSS score in PACU and analgesic consumption over 24 hours were assessed and data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 software.

Results:
Demographic data were comparable in both groups. The mean Global QoR-40 score in Group L was 197.30 ± 2.3 versus 178.74 ± 6.02 in Group NS (P < 0.001). The mean time to attain PADSS ≥9 was 50 min shorter in Group L than in Group NS (P < 0.001). Nausea, vomiting, and anti-emetic requirement were also significantly reduced in Group L as compared to Group NS (P = 0.005) as was the mean pain score over 24 h (P < 0.001) and the total analgesic consumption over the first 24 h after surgery (P < 0.005).

Conclusion:
Intraoperative intravenous lidocaine infusion resulted in an improved overall Quality of Recovery in patients undergoing ambulatory gynecological surgery.
Full-text publications of presentations at neuroanesthesia meetings of India: A 5-year audit and analysis
Authors: Krishnakumar Mathangi , Sundaram Mouleeswaran , Chakrabarti Dhritiman , Sriganesh Kamath 
Published: July 2022

Backgroud and Aims:
Conference presentations provide an opportunity to rapidly share findings of new research despite limitations of details and reach. Earlier studies have examined publication rates of conference presentations in anesthesia. However, conversion rate of neuroanesthesia meeting presentations to publications is unknown. We assessed the publication rate of neuroanesthesia conference presentations from India over a 5-year period and identified factors contributing to subsequent publications.

Material and Methods:
Conference abstracts of the Indian Society of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care (ISNACC) from 2014 to 2018 were studied with regard to conversion to full-length publications. Details of presentations were obtained from abstracts published in the journal of ISNACC and details of publications were collected by searching Google and PubMed using title and author details.

Results:
Only 17.5% (40/229) of the abstracts presented at ISNACC conferences over a 5-year period resulted in subsequent full-text publications in peer-reviewed journals. Prospective cohort studies (OR [95% CI] 2.84 [1.05–8.56], P = 0.048), randomized trials (OR [95% CI] 2.69 [1.04 to 7.9], P = 0.053), and abstracts from public institutions (OR [95% CI] 3.44 [1.4 to 10.42], P = 0.014) were significantly associated with publications after conference presentations.

Conclusion:
The conversion rate of conference presentations of neuroanesthesia society of India into journal publications is significantly low. There is need for neuroanesthesia community of India to work together to improve the translation of presentations into publications.
Assessment of Professional Nursing Governance on Nurses in a Multi-Cultural Setting in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Qasim Abdiqani , Alghamdi Khalid Suhail , Lalithabai Diana Selvamony , Hababeh Mohamad Omar , Ammar Wael Mohamad 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Health-care institutions constantly strive to enhance the care environment and promote staff satisfaction. Engaging nurses through shared governance helps achieve these institutional goals.

Aim:
This Saudi study aimed to assess the current status of professional nursing governance on nurses at King Fahad Medical City, Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 247 nurse participants chosen by the convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using the Index of Professional Nursing Governance tool.

Results:
Staff nurses practiced the first level of shared governance with a mean score of 196.9 ± 49.7, showing they had primary decision-making responsibilities. The dimension with the lowest score was 'goal-setting and conflict resolution' (19.6 ± 6.12). Years of nursing experience was a statistically significant (P = 0.002) factor in governance.

Conclusion:
Nurse participants practiced shared governance in their given setting. However, their below-par score for “goal-setting and conflict resolution” underscores the need for professional development.
Educational intervention to improve knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance among resident doctors at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Hingorani Sadhana Keshav , Shah Awani Yogesh , Mehta Chaitali Dharmendra 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Physicians, residents, interns, pharmacists, and nurses, as major health-care providers, bear a great deal of responsibility for reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Resident doctors are the backbone of health-care system; hence they play a significant role in detecting and reporting ADR, particularly for hospitalized patients, as they are in contact with a patient and available round the clock.

Aims and Objective:
Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding Pharmacovigilance among resident doctors and to improve reporting of ADR by training resident doctors for filling the ADR reporting form. Material: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study.

Materials and Methods:
A prevalidated, structured KAP-relatd questionnaire was given to resident doctors before and after the educational intervention at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Pre- and post test questionnaires were then compared and statistical analysis was applied using McNemar’s test and paired t-test.

Result:
A total of 151 resident doctors submitted the pre- and post questionnaires. The study result depicted that resident doctors lacked the knowledge in reporting the ADRs. Post educational training, resident doctors inclined a positive attitude toward reporting ADRs. KAP among resident doctors has improved significantly as a result of the educational intervention.

Conclusion:
The present requirement in India is to motivate the residents through continuous medical educations and trainings in order to enhance the importance of Pharmacovigilance practice.
Changes of lower urinary tract function after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: An urodynamic follow-up within 1 year
Authors: Jiang Yuan-Hong , Kuo Hann-Chorng 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This study investigated the changes of lower urinary tract function after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RaRP) with 1-year urodynamic follow-up.

Materials and Methods:
Clinically localized prostate cancer patients receiving RaRP were prospectively enrolled. We analyzed their clinical symptoms, stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) status, and videourodynamic studies (VUDSs) during the postoperative 1st year.

Results:
In total, 74 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 69.4 ± 8.1 years, a mean total prostate volume of 34.7 ± 15.9 mL, a ≥pT3 stage proportion of 37.8%, and a positive surgical margin rate of 18.9%. The International Prostate Symptom Score significantly reduced from 7.3 ± 6.0 before surgery to 4.1 ± 4.1 at postoperative 1 year. Significantly increased full sensation, reduced detrusor voiding pressure, increased maximal urinary flow rate, and decreased bladder outlet obstruction index were noted at 1-year VUDS follow-up. The changes of VUDS parameters were significantly different between the patients with and without preoperative bladder outlet obstruction. At postoperative 1 year, 8.1% and 6.8% of patients experienced SUI and UUI, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the factors of T stage ≥3, preoperative detrusor overactivity (DO), and positive surgical margin were the independent predictors of immediate SUI and SUI at 3 and 12 months, respectively.

Conclusion:
During the 1st year after RaRP, patients experienced significant changes of lower urinary tract function demonstrated in VUDS with the improvement in clinical symptoms. Factors of T stage ≥3, preoperative DO, and positive surgical margin were the predictors of postoperative SUI.
ASSESSMENT OF THE VARIOUS TYPES OF INFORMAL HOSPITALITY SERVICES OFFERED BY WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN KENYA
Authors: Onyando Lynette Akinyi Ogada , Wadongo Billy , Omondi Rose Kisia 
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Women have ventured into the informal hospitality sector to provide different services to improve their socio-economic well-being in the developed world and Africa. Similar results to assess informal hospitality services women entrepreneurs in Kenya have also been reported. These services include outside catering, events management, and housekeeping services.
Methodology: The study employed a qualitative research design to collect data from women entrepreneurs providing informal hospitality services through interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The study population was drawn from women groups providing informal hospitality services and are registered by Social Services offices from Muranga, Kakamega, Nakuru, and Kisumu Counties. The study used an in-depth interview where the researcher interviewed eight critical informants from the four Counties. The purposive sampling method was used to pick the eight women entrepreneurs from the universal target population of the study. Further, the researcher carried out one (1) FGD with a total of 8 participants, 6 participants purposively identified from urban-based Sub-Counties and two (2) participants from the rural-based Sub-Counties. The researcher used framework analysis, where the collected data from interviews and FGD were organized into themes based on the study objectives.
Findings: The study found out that women in the informal hospitality services in Nakuru, Kisumu, Muranga, and Kakamega Counties were doing outside catering services and events management to improve their socio-economic well-being. The women entrepreneurs found these services profitable and were overwhelmingly willing to continue with the services, unlike housekeeping services that some could offer as free services to the community.
Recommendation: The women enterpreneurs in the informal hospitality services in the four Counties need capacity building and more funding from both the County and National Governments so as to expand and diversify their businesses.
Supervised machine learning application of lithofacies classification for a hydrodynamically complex gas - condensate reservoir in Nam Con Son basin
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Tan , Tran Ngoc The Hung , Hoang Ky Son , Tran Vu Tung 
Published: July 2022

Conventional integration of rock physics and seismic inversion can quantitatively evaluate and contrast reservoir properties. However, the available output attributes are occasionally not a perfect indicator for specific information such as lithology or fluid saturation due to technology constraints. Each attribute commonly exhibits a combination of geological characteristics that could lead to subjective interpretations and provides only qualitative results. Meanwhile, machine learning (ML) is emerging as an independent interpreter to synthesise all parameters simultaneously, mitigate the uncertainty of biased cut-off, and objectively classify lithofacies on the accuracy scale.
In this paper, multiple classification algorithms including support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), K-nearest neighbours (KNN), logistic regression, Gaussian, Bernoulli, multinomial Naïve Bayes, and linear discriminant analysis were executed on the seismic attributes for lithofacies prediction. Initially, all data points of five seismic attributes of acoustic impedance, Lambda-Rho, Mu-Rho, density (ρ), and compressional wave to shear wave velocity (VpVs) within 25-metre radius and 25-metre interval offset top and base of reservoir were orbitally extracted on 4 wells to create the datasets. Cross-validation and grid search were also implemented on the best four algorithms to optimise the hyper-parameters for each algorithm and avoid overfitting during training. Finally, confusion matrix and accuracy scores were exploited to determine the ultimate model for discrete lithofacies prediction. The machine learning models were applied to predict lithofacies for a complex reservoir in an area of 163 km2.
From the perspective of classification, the random forest method achieved the highest accuracy score of 0.907 compared to support vector machine (0.896), K-nearest neighbours (0.895), and decision tree (0.892). At well locations, the correlation factor was excellent with 0.88 for random forest results versus sand thickness. In terms of sand and shale distribution, the machine learning outputs demonstrated geologically reasonable results, even in undrilled regions and reservoir boundary areas.
Comparison of Endodontic Pain observed with Sodium Hypochloride, Hydrogen peroxide and Norman Saline based Root canal irrigants
Authors: Noor Nouman , Hasan Mujtaba  , Sadaf Humayoun  , Muhammad Farooq Umer  , Muhammad Mohsin Javaid  , Arfa Rehman  
Published: July 2022

Objective: To compare frequency and intensity of endodontic pain with sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide and normal saline groups.
Method:105 subjects were randomly allocated to 3 study arms. Group A (Sodium Hypochlorite), Group B (Hydrogen Peroxide) & Group C (Normal saline).Data regarding endodontic pain was recorded by asking the patient to mark on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) according to the severity of pain on the proforma provided.
Results:The minimum Intensity of pain was 0 and maximum was 10 with mean and standard deviation were 3.43 Â 3.576 VAS. Endodontic pain was present in 12/35 (34.3%), 24/35 (68.6%), 30/35 (85%) patients of Groupâ€™s A, B, C respectively. Significant difference between groups with respect to Intensity of pain (VAS) was shown by one-way ANOVA. For Group A the Intensity of pain (VAS) was 82.38 Â 4.34 and for Group B, C the Intensity of pain (VAS) were 4.37 Â 3.456 and 6.11 Â 3.197 respectively.
Conclusions:Sodium Hypochlorite was much better than Hydrogen peroxide and normal saline in the management of endodontic pain in terms of incidence and intensity.
Comparison of High Intensity Non-Invasive Ventilation With Low Intensity Non-Invasive Ventilation In Patients With Acute Copd Exacerbation
Authors: Sabir Asma , Kanwal Fatima Khalil  , Aisha Shafique  , Sara Duad  , Asma Ambreen  , Shomaila Awan  
Published: July 2022

Objective:Â To determine the outcome of high intensity non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (HI-NPPV) as compared to low intensity non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (LI-NPPV) in patients with acute COPD exacerbations.
Methodology: This Randomized controlled trial Department of PulmonologyFauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi from Â 31st December 2016 to 30thJune 2017. Arterial blood gases will be taken at admission. If values of pH and paCO2 meet the criteria for non-invasive ventilation then patients will be enrolled in the study. Patients will be randomly divided into two groups by lottery method. GROUP A and GROUP B. GROUP A will receive high intensity NIV (HI-NPPV) and GROUP B will receive low intensity NIV (LI-NPPV) by TRIOLOGY machine. Expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) will remain between 4 to 6 cmH2O.Â Arterial blood gases (ABGs) will be done at baseline and then 72 hours after admission. Improvement in PaCO2, HCO3, and FEV1 will be recorded 72 hours from baseline and collected on proforma (attached).
Results:Â Mean age (years) in the study was 55.54+3.81. There were 08 male patients included the study meeting the inclusion criteria. Of these, 05 and 03 male patients among both the groups respectively. Similarly, there were 92 female patients included the study meeting the inclusion criteria, of these, 45 and 47 female patients among both the groups respectively. Outcome of the study was assessed in terms of mean PaCO2 (mmHg), HCO3 (mmol/L) and FEV1 at baseline and after 72 hours. Mean PaCO2, HCO3 and FEV1 at baseline was 64.87+5.22, 33.75+4.17 and 0.66+0.04 respectively. After 72 hours, mean PaCO2 (mmHg) , HCO3(mmol/L), and FEV1 among both the groups was 63.98+6.58 vs 41.46+2.40, 33.10+4.81 vs 23.12+2.01, 0.66+0.05 vs 0.72+0.04 with following P value of (0,000, 0.000, 0.000) respectively.
Conclusion: High intensity non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (HI-NPPV) has no different outcome as compared to low intensity non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (LI-NPPV) in patients with acute COPD exacerbations.
Immuno Histochemical Expression of CD10 OR CA19.9 in Urinary Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ramzan Rehana , Farwa Umm-e- , Niaz Mahwish , Bangash Kashif , Taj Zainab , Salim Hassan , Hassan Mumtaz  
Published: July 2022

Objectives: To determine the frequency of immunohistochemical expression of CD10 and CA19.9 in patients with papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in accordance with the WHO 2004 grading of the tumor.
Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Foundation University Medical College Islamabad, from October 2017 to October 2018. Seventy-five patients from both genders, aged 40 to 80 years, undergoing trans urethral resection of bladder tumors to diagnose papillary urothelial bladder were included in our study. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 17. Immunohistochemical processing was performed and the results were interpreted by the consultant pathologist for the expression of CD10 and CA19.9 on transitional cell carcinoma with respect to the 2004 grading of the tumor.
Results: age range in this study was from 40 to 80 years with a mean age of 52.60 Â± 7.60 years. Out of these 75 patients,Â 39 (52.0%) were male and 36 (48.0%) were female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1. The frequency of positive expression of CD10 and CA19.9 on immunohistochemistry in patients with papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder was found in 41 (54.67%)Â and 39 (52.0%) cases, respectively. It was seen that positive CD10 expression was found in 12 (31.58%) low grade tumors and in 24 (63.16%) high grade tumors. Positive CA19.9 expression was found in 29 (78.38%) low grade tumors and 15 (40.54%) high grade tumors.
Conclusion:Â The study concluded that there was a slightly increased expression of CD10 in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder compared with CA19.9. However, high-grade urothelial carcinomas showed increased expression of CD10 in contrast to low-grade urothelial carcinomas, which revealed increased positive expression of CA19.9.
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