bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid biopsy in gliomas: A RANO review and proposals for clinical applications
Authors: Soffietti Riccardo , Bettegowda Chetan , Mellinghoff Ingo K , Warren Katherine E , Ahluwalia Manmeet S , De Groot John F , Galanis Evanthia , Gilbert Mark R , Jaeckle Kurt A , Le Rhun Emilie , Rudà Roberta , Seoane Joan , Thon Niklas , Umemura Yoshie , Weller Michael , van den Bent Martin J , Vogelbaum Michael A , Chang Susan M , Wen Patrick Y 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is an extensive literature highlighting the utility of blood-based liquid biopsies in several extracranial tumors for diagnosis and monitoring.MethodsThe RANO (Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology) group developed a multidisciplinary international Task Force to review the English literature on liquid biopsy in gliomas focusing on the most frequently used techniques, that is circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, and extracellular vesicles in blood and CSF.ResultsctDNA has a higher sensitivity and capacity to represent the spatial and temporal heterogeneity in comparison to circulating tumor cells. Exosomes have the advantages to cross an intact blood-brain barrier and carry also RNA, miRNA, and proteins. Several clinical applications of liquid biopsies are suggested: to establish a diagnosis when tissue is not available, monitor the residual disease after surgery, distinguish progression from pseudoprogression, and predict the outcome.ConclusionsThere is a need for standardization of biofluid collection, choice of an analyte, and detection strategies along with rigorous testing in future clinical trials to validate findings and enable entry into clinical practice.
Clinical reliability of genomic data obtained from spinal metastatic tumor samples
Authors: Barzilai Ori , Martin Axel , Reiner Anne S , Laufer Ilya , Schmitt Adam , Bilsky Mark H 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
The role of tumor genomic profiling is rapidly growing as it results in targeted, personalized, cancer therapy. Though routinely used in clinical practice, there are no data exploring the reliability of genomic data obtained from spine metastases samples often leading to multiple biopsies in clinical practice. This study compares the genomic tumor landscape between spinal metastases and the corresponding primary tumors as well as between spinal metastases and visceral metastases.

Methods
Spine tumor samples, obtained for routine clinical care from 2013 to 2019, were analyzed using MSK-IMPACT, a next-generation sequencing assay. These samples were matched to primary or metastatic tumors from the corresponding patients. A concordance rate for genomic alterations was calculated for matching sample pairs within patients for the primary and spinal metastatic tumor samples as well as for the matching sample pairs within patients for the spinal and visceral metastases. For a more robust and clinically relevant estimate of concordance, subgroup analyses of previously established driver mutations specific to the main primary tumor histologies were performed.

Results
Eighty-four patients contributed next-generation sequencing data from a spinal metastasis and at least one other site of disease: 54 from the primary tumor, 39 had genomic tumor data from another, nonspinal metastasis, 12 patients participated in both subsets. For the cohort of matched primary tumors and spinal metastases (n = 54) comprised of mixed histologies, we found an average concordance rate of 96.97% for all genetic events, 97.17% for mutations, 100% for fusions, 89.81% for deletions, and 97.01% for amplifications across all matched samples. Notably, &gt;25% of patients harbored at least one genetic variant between samples tested, though not specifically for known driver mutations. The average concordance rate of driver mutations was 96.99% for prostate cancer, 95.69% (P = .0004513) for lung cancer, and 96.43% for breast cancer. An average concordance of 99.02% was calculated for all genetic events between spine metastases and non-spinal metastases (n = 41) and, more specifically, a concordance rate of 98.91% was calculated between spine metastases and liver metastases (n = 12) which was the largest represented group of nonspine metastases.

Conclusion
Sequencing data performed on spine tumor samples demonstrate a high concordance rate for genetic alterations between the primary tumor and spinal metastasis as well as between spinal metastases and other, visceral metastases, particularly for driver mutations. Spine tumor samples may be reliably used for genomic-based decision making in cancer care, particularly for prostate, NSCLC, and breast cancer.
Risk factors for treatment-refractory and relapsed optic pathway glioma in children with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Kotch Chelsea , Avery Robert , Getz Kelly D , Bouffet Eric , de Blank Peter , Listernick Robert , Gutmann David H , Bornhorst Miriam , Campen Cynthia , Liu Grant T , Aplenc Richard , Li Yimei , Fisher Michael J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Nearly one-third of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1-associated optic pathway glioma (NF1-OPG) fail frontline chemotherapy; however, little is known about risk factors for treatment failure.

Methods
We performed a retrospective multi-institutional cohort study to identify baseline risk factors for treatment-refractory/relapsed disease and poor visual outcome in children with NF1-OPG. Refractory/relapsed NF1-OPG was defined as a requirement of two or more treatment regimens due to progression or relapse.

Results
Of 111 subjects eligible for inclusion, adequate clinical and visual data were available for 103 subjects from 7 institutions. Median follow-up from the initiation of first chemotherapy regimen was 95 months (range 13-185). Eighty-four (82%) subjects received carboplatin-based frontline chemotherapy. Forty-five subjects (44%) experienced refractory/relapsed disease, with a median time of 21.5 months (range 2-149) from the initiation of first treatment to the start of second treatment. The proportion of patients without refractory/relapsed disease at 2 and 5 years was 78% and 60%. In multivariable analyses, age less than 24 months at initial treatment, posterior tumor location, and familial inheritance were associated with refractory/relapsed NF1-OPG by 2 years. Both age less than 24 months and posterior tumor location were associated with refractory/relapsed NF1-OPG by 5 years. Subjects with moderate to severe vision loss at last follow-up were more likely to have posterior tumor location, optic disc abnormalities, or abnormal visual acuity at initial treatment.

Conclusion
Young age, posterior tumor location, and optic disc abnormalities may identify patients with the greatest likelihood of refractory/relapsed NF1-OPG and poor visual outcomes, and who may benefit from newer treatment strategies.
Honor classes in China's higher education: perspectives from four universities
Authors: Zhao Weijie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ever since the University of Science and Technology of China started the Special Class for the Gifted Young in 1978, many Chinese universities have set up their own honor classes under different names such as Gifted Young Class, Basic Science Class, Experimental Class or Elite Class. These are often small classes; some emphasize mathematics and physics, aiming to cultivate talents with broad basic knowledge, while others focus on a particular discipline, such as computer science. In 2011, the Chinese Ministry of Education started the Experimental Program for the Cultivation of Top Talents in Basic Sciences, which boosted a new round of honor classes.
How do these classes cultivate their students? Which kinds of special strategies are employed? Have they indeed fostered outstanding graduates? How did the students develop after graduation? On the other hand, are these classes a violation of the spirit of ‘equity in education’? Trying to answer these questions, in this NSR forum chaired by Professor Zhenjiang Hu, educators from four Chinese universities exchanged their experiences, views and perspectives on running the honor classes.

Baoquan Chen
Executive Director of the Center on Frontiers of Computing Studies, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University. (Turing Class, Peking University.)

Changqing Chen
Professor and Head of the Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University. (Tsien Excellence in Engineering Program, Tsinghua University.)

Zhenyu Li
Professor of the School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China. (School of the Gifted Young, University of Science and Technology of China.)

Yong Yu
Professor of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. (ACM Class, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.)

Ming Zhang
Chair of the ACM Special Interest Group of Computer Science Education (SIGCSE) China; Professor of the School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University.

Zhenjiang Hu (Chair)
Dean of School of Computer Science, Peking University.
A Systematic Review of Mental Health Professionals, Patients, and Carers’ Perceived Barriers and Enablers to Supporting Smoking Cessation in Mental Health Settings
Authors: Huddlestone Lisa , Shoesmith Emily , Pervin Jodi , Lorencatto Fabiana , Watson Jude , Ratschen Elena 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Evidence-based smoking cessation and temporary abstinence interventions to address smoking in mental health settings are available, but the impact of these interventions is limited.

Aims and Methods
We aimed to identify and synthesize the perceived barriers and enablers to supporting smoking cessation in mental health settings. Six databases were searched for articles reporting the investigation of perceived barriers and enablers to supporting smoking cessation in mental health settings. Data were extracted and coded using a mixed inductive/deductive method to the theoretical domains framework, key barriers and enablers were identified through the combining of coding frequency, elaboration, and expressed importance.

Results
Of 31 included articles, 56 barriers/enablers were reported from the perspectives of mental healthcare professionals (MHPs), 48 from patient perspectives, 21 from mixed perspectives, and 0 from relatives/carers. Barriers to supporting smoking cessation or temporary abstinence in mental health settings mainly fell within the domains: environmental context and resources (eg, MHPs lack of time); knowledge (eg, interactions around smoking that did occur were ill informed); social influences (eg, smoking norms within social network); and intentions (eg, MHPs lack positive intentions to deliver support). Enablers mainly fell within the domains: environmental context and resources (eg, use of appropriate support materials) and social influences (eg, pro-quitting social norms).

Conclusions
The importance of overcoming competing demands on staff time and resources, the inclusion of tailored, personalized support, the exploitation of patients wider social support networks, and enhancing knowledge and awareness around the benefits smoking cessation is highlighted.

Implications
Identified barriers and enablers represent targets for future interventions to improve the support of smoking cessation in mental health settings. Future research needs to examine the perceptions of the carers and family/friends of patients in relation to the smoking behavior change support delivered to patients.
The Essentials of Multiomics
Authors: Marshall John L , Peshkin Beth N , Yoshino Takayuki , Vowinckel Jakob , Danielsen Håvard E , Melino Gerry , Tsamardinos Ioannis , Haudenschild Christian , Kerr David J , Sampaio Carlos , Rha Sun Young , FitzGerald Kevin T , Holland Eric C , Gallagher David , Garcia-Foncillas Jesus , Juhl Hartmut 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWithin the last decade, the science of molecular testing has evolved from single gene and single protein analysis to broad molecular profiling as a standard of care, quickly transitioning from research to practice. Terms such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, circulating omics, and artificial intelligence are now commonplace, and this rapid evolution has left us with a significant knowledge gap within the medical community. In this paper, we attempt to bridge that gap and prepare the physician in oncology for multiomics, a group of technologies that have gone from looming on the horizon to become a clinical reality. The era of multiomics is here, and we must prepare ourselves for this exciting new age of cancer medicine.
Genetic Evaluation for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes Among African Americans: A Critical Review
Authors: Khan Ambreen , Rogers Charles R , Kennedy Carson D , Lopez AnaMaria , Jeter Joanne 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWhile hereditary cancer syndromes have been described and studied for centuries, the completion of the human genome project fueled accelerated progress in precision medicine due to the introduction of genetic testing in the 1990s, creating avenues for tailored treatments and medical management options. However, genetic testing has not benefited everyone equitably, with nearly all of the published work based on individuals of non-Hispanic White/European ancestry. There remains a gap in knowledge regarding the prevalence, penetrance, and manifestations of common hereditary cancer syndromes in the African-American population due to significant disparities in access and uptake of genetic testing. This review summarizes the available literature on genetic testing for breast, colon, and prostate cancers in the African-American population and explores the disparities in access to genetic testing between non-Hispanic White and African-American patients. This article also addresses the barriers to genetic testing and discrepancies in the uptake of recommendations for hereditary cancer syndromes in the African-American population when compared with non-Hispanic Whites. The review offers practice implications for many healthcare providers and demonstrates gaps in the existing knowledge to be addressed in future studies to help eliminate the persisting health disparities faced by the African-American population.
The UBP14-CDKB1;1-CDKG2 cascade controls endoreduplication and cell growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Jiang Shan , Wei Jinwei , Li Na , Wang Zhibiao , Zhang Yilan , Xu Ran , Zhou Lixun , Huang Xiahe , Wang Li , Guo Siyi , Wang Yingchun , Song Chun-Peng , Qian Wei , Li Yunhai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Endoreduplication, a process in which DNA replication occurs in the absence of mitosis, is found in all eukaryotic kingdoms, especially plants, where it is assumed to be important for cell growth and cell fate maintenance. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism regulating endoreduplication is still lacking. We previously reported that UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE14 (UBP14), encoded by DA3, acts upstream of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE B1;1 (CDKB1;1) to influence endoreduplication and cell growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. The da3-1 mutant possesses large cotyledons with enlarged cells due to high ploidy levels. Here, we identified a suppressor of da3-1 (SUPPRESSOR OF da3-1 6; SUD6), encoding CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE G2 (CDKG2), which promotes endoreduplication and cell growth. CDKG2/SUD6 physically associates with CDKB1;1 in vivo and in vitro. CDKB1;1 directly phosphorylates SUD6 and modulates its stability. Genetic analysis indicated that SUD6 acts downstream of DA3 and CDKB1;1 to control ploidy level and cell growth. Thus, our study establishes a regulatory cascade for UBP14/DA3-CDKB1;1-CDKG2/SUD6-mediated control of endoreduplication and cell growth in Arabidopsis.
Molecular and cellular dynamics of early embryonic cell divisions inVolvox carteri
Authors: von der Heyde Eva Laura , Hallmann Armin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCell division is fundamental to all organisms and the green alga used here exhibits both key animal and plant functions. Specifically, we analyzed the molecular and cellular dynamics of early embryonic divisions of the multicellular green alga Volvox carteri (Chlamydomonadales). Relevant proteins related to mitosis and cytokinesis were identified in silico, the corresponding genes were cloned, fused to yfp, and stably expressed in Volvox, and the tagged proteins were studied by live-cell imaging. We reveal rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton during centrosome separation, spindle formation, establishment of the phycoplast, and generation of previously unknown structures. The centrosomes participate in initiation of spindle formation and determination of spindle orientation. Although the nuclear envelope does not break down during early mitosis, intermixing of cytoplasm and nucleoplasm results in loss of nuclear identity. Finally, we present a model for mitosis in Volvox. Our study reveals enormous dynamics, clarifies spatio-temporal relationships of subcellular structures, and provides insight into the evolution of cell division.
The COVID-19 Infodemic and the Efficacy of Interventions Intended to Reduce Misinformation
Authors: Kreps Sarah E , Kriner Douglas L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted social media platforms to take unprecedented steps—ranging from false tags to journalistic factchecks—to stanch the flow of misinformation that could pose a health risk. However, there is little evidence about the relative efficacy of these approaches in this unique context of a pandemic. Using a pair of survey experiments, we examine whether false tags and journalistic factchecks reduce accuracy misperceptions and sharing propensity on social media that can spread false claims. False tags had little effect on subjects’ accuracy assessments and social media sharing. Journalistic factchecks that offer accurate information to counter misinformation were more effective in reducing both misperceptions and sharing on social media. Further, we find no evidence of partisan backfire effects, even in response to interventions against claims with a plausible partisan valence. Our results suggest that journalistic factchecks provide an effective counternarrative to COVID-19 misinformation even in the context of the increasing politicization of America’s pandemic response and polarization more generally.
Role of the axial U(1) anomaly in the chiral susceptibility of QCD at high temperature
Authors: Aoki S , Aoki Y , Fukaya H , Hashimoto S , Rohrhofer C , Suzuki K 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The chiral susceptibility, or the first derivative of the chiral condensate with respect to the quark mass, is often used as a probe for the QCD phase transition since the chiral condensate is an order parameter of SU(2)L × SU(2)R symmetry breaking. However, the chiral condensate also breaks the axial U(1) symmetry, which is usually not studied as it is already broken by the anomaly and apparently has little impact on the transition. We investigate the susceptibilities in the scalar and pseudoscalar channels in order to quantify how much the axial U(1) breaking contributes to the chiral phase transition. Employing a chirally symmetric lattice Dirac operator and its eigenmode decomposition, we separate the axial U(1) breaking effects from others. Our result in two-flavor QCD indicates that both of the connected and disconnected chiral susceptibilities are dominated by axial U(1) breaking at temperatures T ≳ 190 MeV after the quadratically divergent constant is subtracted.
Lupus low disease activity state within 12 months is associated with favourable outcomes in severely active systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kikuchi Jun , Hanaoka Hironari , Saito Shuntaro , Oshige Tatsuhiro , Hiramoto Kazuoto , Kaneko Yuko , Takeuchi Tsutomu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To demonstrate the significance of the time to attain lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) after remission induction therapy in patients with severely active SLE.

Methods
We enrolled 79 patients starting prednisolone ≥0.4 mg/kg/day for active lupus with a BILAG 2004 index of A ≥ 1 or B ≥ 2, or for severe flare based on the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-SLE Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI). The time to LLDAS attainment was divided into ≤6, 6–12 and &gt;12 months and non-LLDAS; associations between the timing of LLDAS and flares, damage accrual and ≥50% LLDAS attainment were examined.

Results
The mean SLEDAI was 17; median starting dose of prednisolone, 0.95 mg/kg/day; and mean observational period, 39.7 months. Six (7.6%) and 41 (51.9%) patients achieved LLDAS within 6 and 12 months. Patients with a shorter time to LLDAS achievement were more likely to spend ≥50% of the time in LLDAS and had a lower cumulative prednisolone dose; no differences were observed in damage accrual. Patients requiring longer than 12 months to achieve LLDAS had a higher prevalence of thrombocytopenia and those with non-LLDAS had lower renal function and a higher starting dose of prednisolone and steroid pulse therapy than those who achieved LLDAS within 12 months.

Conclusion
Achieving LLDAS within 12 months of induction therapy may be favourable in patients with severely active SLE. The low frequency of LLDAS attainment in high-risk populations highlights the need for a new strategy for SLE treatment.
On the boundary of services and research collaborations in Japanese state-of-the-art academic research infrastructures
Authors: Onoda Takashi , Ito Yasunobu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recently, research infrastructures (RIs) are recognized to take on a crucial role in the national innovation system in driving open innovation via shared use that include offering measurement service to external users. Generally, these services are performed by staff in line with the social division of labor as scientists and technicians in research institutes. However, services rarely lead to research collaborations because research collaborations generally do not stem from services per se and require researchers to engage more with partners in initiating collaboration. This article focuses on its boundary of services and research collaborations by conducting an ethnographic survey of four years since 2016 to analyze epistemic cultures in eight Japanese state-of-the-art RIs. It first examines what is occurring at the boundaries and offers two frameworks, i.e. the subject-driven approach and the user-driven approach, for finding potential solutions to the issues that impedes service from extending into research collaboration.
A National Study of Adult Women Sexually Abused by Clergy: Insights for Social Workers
Authors: Pooler David Kenneth , Barros-Lane Liza 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Given the paucity of research on the experiences of women who are sexually abused by clergy as adults and the advent of the #ChurchToo movement in 2017, the results of a mixed-methods national study highlight the experiences of those who survived the abuse and report on what factors are most healing in their recovery. Internet-based surveys with both quantitative and qualitative items were completed by 159 respondents. Less than 10 percent reported receiving help and support from their congregation after they reported the abuse, and about half of the respondents were blamed for the abuse and ignored by people in their congregations. In spite of the poor responses from their churches, these respondents reported positive beliefs regarding their ability to recover and heal. Mental health counseling was listed as a primary mechanism for healing. Multiple regression was used to develop a model of resilience. Faith in God was the most salient predictor. Those who survived sexual abuse need social workers who can navigate the complex set of factors and issues at the intersection of religion/spirituality, mental health treatment, and policy advocacy, including the ability to see what has been helpful about religious experiences and what has not.