bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverse-gavage feeding as a novel administration to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of plant-based medicines on the immunity of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii: A case study of Scutellaria radix water extract
Authors: Andriawan Soni , Bao Hung Tran , Yuniarti Ating , Chaung Hso Chi , Yen Tsair-Bor , Cheng Ta-Chih 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The application of herbal medicine is one of the ancientest worldwide approaches to treating diseases. This study aimed to examine the effect of Scutellaria radix on the immune responses of Macrobrachium rosenbergii by reverse-gavage feeding and their resistance against Lactococcus garvieae. In brief, M. rosenbergii was administered with S. radix water extract at 1, 5, and 10 µg/µl using reverse-gavage feeding (RGF). Total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs) activity, transglutaminase (TG) activity, and lysozyme activity of hemocytes were evaluated to discover the immunological responses of prawn post-RGF. The results showed that the concentration of S. radix extract at 5 µg µl–1 increased the immune responses of M. rosenbergii compared with the control group. In the case of the gene, expressions were observed from the hepatopancreas and midgut, in which proxinectin showed no significant difference, LGBP and proPO were expressed by all concentrations in a time-dependent manner. The present findings suggest that S. radix water extract at 5 µg µl–1 may enhance the immune responses and gene expressions in M. rosenbergii using RGF.
Proteomic analysis of Mycobacterial Biofilm Matrix and Development of Biofilm-binding Synthetic Nanobodies
Authors: Hammarén Milka , Luukinen Hanna , Sillanpää Alina , Remans Kim , Lapouge Karine , Custódio Tânia , Löw Christian , Montonen Toni , Myllymäki Henna , Seeger Markus , Robertson Joseph , Nyman Tuula , Savijoki Kirsi , Parikka Mataleena 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Tissue-penetrating nanobodies as drug-delivery vehicles have shown efficacy in treating hard-to-reach and -treat diseases. The present study reports nanobodies with application potential in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), especially the antibiotic tolerant biofilms that form in TB granulomas. Using Mycobacterium marinum (Mmr) as a model pathogen, we identified the most abundant matrix proteins in cultured biofilms and granuloma biofilms from infected zebrafish, and used them as targets to produce synthetic nanobodies (sybodies). Surface-exposed proteins on Mmr biofilms were identified using a combination of in vitro cell surface biotinylation proteomics and ex vivo proteomics on granulomas extracted from Mmr-infected adult zebrafish. We identified a total of 3080 and 41 mycobacterial biofilm matrix-associated proteins by in vitro and ex vivo proteomics, respectively. The molecular chaperones GroEL1 and GroEL2 were identified in both datasets, and fulfilled the criteria of ideal nanobody targets. We created sybodies against GroEL1 and GroEL2, and showed that they bind the intact in vitro and ex vivo Mmr-biofilms. Taken together, the present study reports a proof-of-concept showing that biotinylation proteomics of biofilms complemented with ex vivo proteomics of granuloma biofilms is a valuable strategy to uncover optimal nanobody targets within the biofilm matrix. Nanobody-based strategies have great potential to provide new and much-needed solutions for more effective treatment of tuberculosis, as well as other chronic biofilm infections with increased antibiotic tolerance and high risk for emerging antibiotic resistance.
Sustainable and color-indicated tannic acid@high amylose starch/polyvinyl alcohol (TA@HAS/PVA) fibers for adsorbing uranium from aqueous solutions
Authors: Liu Qun , Wang Xiaoyang , Bai Meiyan , Guo Jiayi , Qian Zhengjie , Li Jihui , Wang Zhifen , Zhang Yucang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Adsorbents for uranium adsorption from aqueous solutions should possess several key properties, such as sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the impact forces during agitation and anti-biofouling activity to prevent the adhesion of microorganisms to the active sites. Herein, a simple design strategy for the facile construction of tannic acid@high amylose starch/polyvinyl alcohol (TA@HAS/PVA) fibers for efficient uranium adsorption is reported. The sustainable TA@HAS/PVA fibers were synthesized by crosslinking TA on HAS and PVA followed by solution spinning into anhydrous ethanol. The fibers exhibited satisfactory mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength (11.31 MPa) and tensile strain (159.56%), in addition to anti-biofouling activity, good adsorption capacity (86 mg g− 1), and excellent reusability. Furthermore, the adsorption process could be visually indicated by the color of the fibers. The results indicated that TA@HAS/PVA fibers were a promising candidate for industrial uranium adsorption.
Analysis of the Impact of Economic Development on the Suitability of Biomass Energy Development
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Wang Xiaoheng , Ma Keni 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Chinese economy has been growing rapidly for a long time, and coal remains the most important energy resource for China. However, as the primary conflicts in Chinese society have shifted, the environmental pollution caused by fossil fuel burning has made us increasingly aware that developing clean and efficient energy is an inevitable measure to solve the energy problem in China and worldwide. As a clean energy source, biomass energy has great potential for development and utilization. Hence, this paper, starting with the composition of three major industries of GDP, explores the suitability of biomass energy development amid economic development and commits to finding the best industrial structure for biomass energy development. This paper selected 30 counties and cities in Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province under six different types of industrial structures as the main research objects via data regression. The biomass potential was calculated following the distribution of the main crops, and the demand for biomass raw materials was identified based on population and energy demand data. The ArcGIS analysis tool has been utilized to analyse the break-even status of the research area under six different types of industrial structures over the past 20 years, and a forecast has been made through the biomass energy break-even model related to resource supply and demand. The analysis result shows that when the economic development drives the industrial structure of counties and cities to be “312” or “213”, it is suitable for biomass energy development; when the economic development drives the industrial structure of counties and cities to be “321”, it is not suitable for biomass energy development.
Automatic Detection of B-Lines in Vivo Lung Ultra Sound by Using Bottom Hat Transform
Authors: Har Sanda Sri 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The main objective of this concept is accurate detection and visualization of B-lines in ultrasound lung images. Patterns of disease distribution within the secondary lobule have been well established pathologically. Distinguishing ordinary and strange parts of the lobule is in this way a expected guide in recognizing extraordinary. More cost for CT , MRI scanned images and results should known to higher official doctorates with large amount of money. This designed feature is able to differentiate between the healthy and unhealthy classes based on B-lines in ultrasound lung images. B-lines are important ultrasound artifacts used in LUS for detection of pulmonary disease. Further As an extension of this concept Morphological Top-hat as well bottom hat transformation is applied to improve image efficiency. This efficiency is yielded in the form of Peak signal to Noise ratio.
Netrin-1 improves functional recovery through autophagy regulation by activating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in high-glucose-induced renal proximal tubule injury
Authors: Liu Chenxiao , Wu Mian , Zhao Yun , Huang Aijie , Hu Xingna , Chen Jiaqi , Lu Ting , Li Min , Feng Min , Xiang Rong , Lu Honghong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Netrin-1, a survival factor, is highly expressed in the kidney and reported to participate in some types of acute or chronic kidney diseases. Nevertheless, the causal link beneath the effect on renal proximal tubule cells of Netrin-1 under pathological conditions in diabetic nephropathy (DN) hasn't been elucidated. Our team explored the effects of Netrin-1 on the etiopathogenesis of DN. In vitro, high blood glucose caused the downregulation of Netrin-1, which induced the stimulation of AKT/mTOR signal transmission with the elevated programmed cell death of renal proximal tubule cells and increased actin cytoskeleton derangement. The supplementation of recombinant rat Netrin-1 reversed these pathological changes and it was tightly related to the recovery of autophagy flux. In addition, those pathologic variations were abolished by transfection with a lentivirus expressing short hairpin RNA against Netrin-1 or a mTOR inhibitor in vitro. The discoveries of the present research reveal that Netrin-1 is responsible for the mediation of high glucose-triggered loss of renal proximal tubule cells by regulating their detachment and programmed cell death in vitro. The present paper facilitates our comprehension regarding the causal links of renal proximal tubule cell injury in DN and reveals that targeting Netrin-1-associated signal transduction has treatment significance for DN.
Association of Body Mass Index and Inflammatory Dietary Pattern with Breast Cancer Pathologic and Genomic Immunophenotype in the Nurses’ Health Study
Authors: Asad Sarah , Damicis Adrienne , Heng Yujing J. , Kananen Kathryn , Collier Katharine A. , Adams Elizabeth J. , Kensler Kevin H. , Baker Gabrielle M. , Wesolowski Robert , Sardesai Sagar , Gatti-Mays Margaret , Ramaswamy Bhuvaneswari , Eliassen A. Heather , Hankinson Susan E. , Tabung Fred K. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Stover Daniel G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Breast tumor immune infiltration is clearly associated with improved treatment response and outcomes in breast cancer. However, modifiable patient factors associated with breast cancer immune infiltrates are poorly understood. The Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) offers a unique cohort to study immune gene expression in tumor and adjacent normal breast tissue, immune cell-specific immunohistochemistry (IHC), and patient exposures. We evaluated the association of body mass index (BMI) change since age 18, physical activity, and the empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score, all implicated in systemic inflammation, with immune cell-specific expression scores.Methods: This population-based, prospective observational study evaluated 882 NHS and NHSII participants diagnosed with invasive breast cancer with detailed exposure and gene expression data. Of these, 262 women (training cohort) had breast tumor IHC for four classic immune cell markers (CD8, CD4, CD20, CD163). Four immune cell-specific scores were derived via lasso regression using 105 published immune expression signatures’ association with IHC. In the remaining 620 patient testing cohort, we evaluated association of each immune-cell specific score as outcomes, with BMI change since age 18, physical activity, and EDIP score as predictors, using multivariable-adjusted linear regression. Results: Among women with paired expression/IHC data from breast tumor tissue, we identified robust correlation between novel immune cell-specific expression scores and IHC. BMI change since age 18 was positively associated with CD4+ (β=0.16; p=0.009), and CD163+ novel immune scores (β=0.14; p=0.04) in multivariable analyses. In other words, for each 10 unit (kg/m2) increase in BMI, the percentage of cells positive for CD4 and CD163 increased 1.6% and 1.4%, respectively. Neither physical activity nor EDIP were significantly associated with any immune cell-specific expression score in multivariable analyses.Conclusions: BMI change since age 18 was positively associated with novel CD4+ and CD163+ cell scores in breast cancer, supporting further study of the effect of modifiable factors like weight gain on the immune microenvironment.
Lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio predicts prognosis in patients with colorectal liver metastases after hepatic resection: a retrospective study
Authors: Utsumi Masashi , Inagaki Masaru , Kitada Koji , Tokunaga Naoyuki , Kondo Midori , Yunoki Kosuke , Sakurai Yuya , Hamano Ryosuke , Miyasou Hideaki , Tsunemitsu Yousuke , Otsuka Shinya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundPreoperative systemic inflammation has been reported to predict survival in patients with various cancers. Especially for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM), the prognosis is poor despite therapeutic advances in the field. Here we aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein (CRP) ratio (LCR) in patients with CRLM after hepatic resection.MethodsThis retrospective study included 104 patients who underwent hepatic resection for CRLM over a period of 11 years, from October 2010 and October 2021, at the National Hospital Organization Fukuyama Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan. The association between clinicopathological variables, including various inflammation biomarkers [LCR, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI)], and overall survival of the patients was investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. ResultsThe optimal cut-off values of each biomarker by receiver operating characteristic analysis were as follows: LCR, 12,720; PLR, 150; NLR, 4; CAR, 0.023; and PNI, 44.8. The 1, 3, and 5 year overall survival rates were 97.0%, 71.3%, and 56.8%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, LCR < 12,720, PLR < 0.14, body mass index < 24, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 ≥ 37 U/ml, multiple tumors, and the largest hepatic tumor ≥ 5 cm were significant predictive factors. The multivariate analysis revealed that LCR < 12,720 [hazard ratio (HR): 2.156, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.060–4.509, p = 0.034] and multiple tumors (HR: 2.336, 95% CI: 1.125–4.925, p = 0.023) were independent predictors of overall survival, whereas other inflammation biomarkers including NLR, PLR, CAR and PNI were not significant.ConclusionsThus, LCR could be an independent prognostic predictor in patients with CRLM after hepatic resection. Therefore, the assessment of LCR as a biomarker will help in the planning of treatment strategy including surgery and adjuvant therapies.
Comparison of the Effects of Resistance Exercise Training Versus Bike Fitting on Cycling Performance in Recreational Cyclists
Authors: Kırmacı Yusuf Şinasi , Usgu Günseli , Bayramlar Kezban , Yakut Yavuz 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
In cycling, performance can change with the adaptation of the bicycle to the individual, as well as the physiological characteristics of the individual.
Aim
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of exercise training and bike fitting on cycling performance in recreational cyclists.
Methods
A total of 16 recreational cyclists were included in the present study. Individuals were divided into 2 groups as intervention and control groups with a simple random method. To the intervention group, exercise training for 3 days a week for 8 weeks and bike fitting was applied with video analysis method. On the other hand, to the control group, only bike fitting was applied with video analysis method. Cycling performance was evaluated with Functional Threshold Power Test (FTP), Lactate Threshold Heart Rate (LTHR), 10 Mile Time Trial Test (10 Mile TT), and critical powertest. Evaluations were made twice, before and after the training.
Results
After 8 weeks of training, significant differences were found in FTP (p = 0.008), LTHR (p = 0.044), 10 Mile TT (p = 0.038), and critical power (p = 0.008) tests in intervention group, and in FTP (p = 0.028) in control group. When the cycling performances of the groups were compared, only LTHR results were found to decrease in favor of intervention group (p = 0.017).
Conclusion
The exercise program developed for recreational cyclists and individual adaptations for bicycle ergonomics are important in terms of increasing cycling performance. We believe that strength training provided along with bike fittng in cyclists will be beneficial particularly in reducing fatigue.
Resistance training relieves skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia via the Akt- FoxO1-MuRF1/Atrogin-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Yu Jiabei , Hu Yang , Li Yanchun , Han Tianyu , Zhu Rongxin , Fu Pengyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the effects of resistance training at continuous hypoxia in rat skeletal muscles, with a focus on the modulation of Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) signaling by protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) in this process.Methods In an intervention experiment, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to simulated hypoxia and subjected to resistance training for four weeks. The biceps of forelimb and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle were isolated for histological observation and biochemical analysis. L6 rat myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes in the cell culture experiment and then subjected to hypoxic conditions with the addition of an Akt activator. The cells were harvested to observe their morphology and determine the expression level of FoxO1 and downstream signaling molecules. Results Morphological observation showed the wet weight of the EDL and biceps of the upper limb was significantly higher in the hypoxia-training (HR) group than in the hypoxia (H) group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05). Resistance training significantly enhanced Akt expression and FoxO1 phosphorylation (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) in skeletal muscle. In myotubes activated Akt under 1% O2 conditions, FoxO1 phosphorylation at S256 was up-regulated, while expression of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 was reduced (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05). Conclusion Resistance training alleviated skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia, in which FoxO1 phosphorylated by Akt at the S256 position and down-regulation of E3 ligase MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1 in skeletal muscle.
Revisited Multispectral Image Capture Deployment System for Drones
Authors: Bokolonga Ezekiel , Hauhana Martin , Assaf Mansour H. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present the design and evaluation of a Parrot drone multispectral imaging system based on multispectral Red-Green-Blue (RGB) and Near-infrared (NIR) imaging camera units; the multi-color RGB camera captures true color geo-tagged images using a Global positioning System (GPS). The two cameras are triggered simultaneously via the GPIO pins of the raspberry pi boards programmed in Python language. Captured images are stored in native file generated format (10-bit raw data) on a micro SD-card. The intensity-based automatic registration method was applied to define the positive correlation between the two captured RGB and NIR images for display purposes. The above-mentioned method is used to determine image transformation for registration and alignment, by applying the bilinear interpolation. The design was implemented and the prototype was validated in different environmental situations.
A transcriptomic analysis identifies the association of MIR31HG and EPB41L4A-AS2 lncRNAs in Oral Cancer
Authors: Haldar Agnik , Singh Ajay Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs or lncRNAs, are non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, distinguishing them from small regulatory RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and other short RNAs. LncRNAs have begun to gain widespread attention in recent years; as a result, the need to identify them as well as determine their functions has gained precedence. Over the years some lncRNAs are involved in numerous fundamental processes of gene regulation. Examples: Chromatin modification, DNA methylation, etc. Having a variety of functions, it is expected that lncRNAs are also involved in the development of diseases. LncRNAs are quite often found to be differentially expressed, which play a significant role in carcinogenesis. Presently oral cancers are considered two of the most prevalent cancers affecting the human population. Therefore the need to study the mechanism and functions of the lncRNAs involved in cancer reaches significant priority. Identification of long noncoding RNAs as well as lncRNAs which are speculated to play a role in the mechanism and formation of various forms of cancer. For identification and analysis of lncRNAs, a comparison between the expression of lncRNAs in normal and affected tissues will confirm the involvement of lncRNAs in the disease or the lack thereof. In this article, we perform transcriptomic analysis to identify the prevalence of the lncRNAs EPB41L4A-AS2 and MIR31HG in oral cancer.
Surgery for Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm – 13 years’ Experience at Nepalese Tertiary Center
Authors: SAH DHRUBA NARAYAN , Bhandari Ramesh Singh , Kansakar Prasan B S , Ghimire Bikal , Lakhey Paleswan Joshi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPN) are rare, relatively indolent tumors with potential malignant behavior. The incidence of these tumors is increasing due to the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment and the only curative option.The study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological details, surgical management and short- & long- term outcomes of operated cases of SPN.Methods:This is a retrospective review of diagnosed SPNs confirmed histopathologically after surgical resections at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu, Nepal from 2006 November to 2019 January. Patient’s clinical details, surgical procedures, perioperative outcomes and follow-up were recorded. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: Over 13 years, a total of 15 cases with a median age of 22 years (11-52) had female predominance (14). Five cases were diagnosed incidentally while pain abdomen (5) was the most common presentation followed by lump (4). Locations of tumor were head (4), uncinate process (2), neck (2), body (4) and tail (3). Pancreaticoduodenectomies were performed in 4 cases, enucleation (3), central pancreatectomies (4), distal pancreatectomy (1) and distal pancreatico-splenectomies (3). Margins were negative in all cases with a median tumor size of 6 cm (2.5 -18). Postoperatively, 20% developed major complications with Clavien-Dindo (grade III & above) out of which 1 patient (6.7%) had mortality. The median hospital stay was 7 days (4-16). One patient was lost to follow-up while the remaining had a median follow-up of 72 months (38 months – 150 months) and revealed no issues. No recurrences were noted.Conclusion: SPNs are low-grade tumors with a good prognosis. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice, with excellent survival.