bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The perception of smile attractiveness to altered vertical position of maxillary anteriors by various groups
Authors: Babeer Walaa A. , Bakhsh Zuhair T. , Natto Zuhair S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There is a gap in research about the differences in smile attractiveness. The problem the study addresses is how the vertical canine and incisor position affect smile attractiveness. The aim of this study was to assess the perception of the smile attractiveness between Saudi laypersons, orthodontists, non-orthodontist, and various dental students levels, and to determine how the canine and incisor vertical positions affect the attractiveness of smile. The study is a cross-sectional survey and was conducted at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Six groups of subjects participated in the study: Orthodontic residents (n = 31), prosthodontic, restorative, periodontics specialties residents specialties residents (n = 30), interns (n = 31), fifth year students (n = 41), 6th year students (n = 39), and laypeople (n = 39). Participants were asked to rate the attractiveness of a smile of a female subject photographed using a Minolta DiMage 7i digital camera. The image had been manipulated to produce 2 sets of images; 1 to modify the incisors and 1 to change the canines. The subjects were asked to choose the most and least attractive picture. For the best incisor positions, only the laypeople and prosthodontics liked the original picture, the rest liked +0.5 mm which accentuate the smile curve and make it follow the lower lip line. For the worst incisor position, all groups did not prefer the minus 1.5 reversed smile. For the best canine vertical position, all groups preferred the original position where canine was at the level of the incisal plane. For the worst canine position, they all disliked the minus 1.5 reversed smile. Results confirmed past findings that orthodontists are in general more critical about smile attractiveness than laypersons, but just like other dental specialists. The findings can be used in the esthetic dentistry field, but further research on the study population based on other dental design parameters remain necessary.
Successful treatment of pancreatic schwannoma by enucleation
Authors: Xu Shao-Yan , Zhou Bo , Wei Shu-Mei , Zhao Ya-Nan , Yan Sheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Rationale:
Pancreatic schwannomas are extremely rare and are difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Over the past 50 years, only 96 cases of pancreatic schwannoma have been reported in English literature. Herein, we report a case of pancreatic schwannoma treated with enucleation.

Patient concerns:
A 66-year-old woman visited a local hospital due to ventosities. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a pancreatic mass. She visited our hospital for further diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosis and interventions:
Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumor in the pancreatic body, and a solid pseudopapillary tumor was considered preoperatively. During the surgery, a pancreatic mass was found growing in the pancreatic body and tail. A successful tumor enucleation was performed. The mass was 7 × 6 × 3 cm in size with a thin capsule. Pathological examination revealed that the tumor was mainly composed of spindle-shaped cells with a palisading arrangement and no atypia. Both hypercellular and hypocellular areas were visible. Immunohistochemical staining showed that protein S-100 was strongly positive. The tumor was diagnosed as a benign schwannoma originating from the pancreatic body and tail.

Outcomes:
Postoperatively, the patient showed good recovery. During the 24-month follow-up period, the patient remained well and free of complications.

Lessons:
Pancreatic schwannomas are extremely rare and difficult to diagnose using imaging examinations. Enucleation is a safe and efficacious treatment for exophytic pancreatic schwannomas.
Cervical lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Lu Guiling , Chen Liang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Preoperative screening of potential risk of lymph node metastasis is necessary for thyroidectomy plus lymph node dissection. The 2015 American thyroid association management guidelines do not recommend prophylactic cervical lymph node resection without clinical evidence of metastasis. Ultrasound is recommended imaging method and routine computed tomography is not recommended by the 2015 American thyroid association management guidelines for screening of lymph node metastasis. The objective of the study was to compare the diagnostic performance of ultrasound against that of computed tomography for screening cervical lymph node metastasis of patients with papillary thyroid cancer before thyroidectomy plus lymph node dissection.
Data regarding preoperative neck ultrasound, neck computed tomography, and physical examination of the head and neck and postoperative pathological results of a total of 185 patients (age > 18 years) with a diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer who had suspicious lymph nodes on preoperative imaging and treated by thyroidectomy plus lymph node dissection for the therapeutic purpose were collected and analyzed.
Sensitivity (78.09% vs 75.28%, P < .0001) and accuracy (77.29% vs 75.13%, P = .0004) of neck computed tomography scanning to detect cervical lymph node metastasis were higher than those of neck ultrasound scanning. Sensitivity, accuracy, positive clinical utility, and negative clinical utility for neck ultrasound scanning plus neck computed tomography scanning to detect cervical lymph node metastasis were higher among all index tests (P < .05 for all) and were statistically the same as those of surgical pathology (P > .05 for all). The working areas for decision-making of thyroidectomy plus lymph node dissection of the physical examination, neck ultrasound, the neck computed tomography, and the neck ultrasound scanning plus the neck computed tomography scanning were 0 to 0.691 diagnostic confidence/lesion, 0 to 0.961 diagnostic confidence/lesion, 0 to 0.944 diagnostic confidence/lesion, and 0 to 0.981 diagnostic confidence/lesion, respectively.
Besides the neck ultrasound, the neck computed tomography scanning can be used as a complementary imaging method to detect cervical lymph node metastasis of patients with papillary thyroid cancer before thyroidectomy plus lymph node dissection.
Level of evidence: III.
Technical efficacy stage: 2.
Neurofilament light chain in cerebrospinal fluid or blood as a biomarker for mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Zhang Jing , Cheng Hongjiang , Liu Wei , Li Huimin , Song Yi , Jia Longbin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
To allow early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression, there is a need for biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is emerging protein biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases and is of possible use in MCI. We aimed to assess the utility of NfL in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a biomarker in patients with MCI.

Methods:
A systematic search with comparison of NfL level between individuals with MCI and healthy controls were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The standard mean difference and 95% confidence interval were calculated using the random-effect model to analyze the differentiation of NfL between patients and controls.

Results:
A total of 7 studies were included. NfL was higher in 676 MCI than 504 healthy controls. Subgroup analysis according to sample type indicated that differentiation of NfL in CSF between patients with MCI and controls showed significant results but in blood. Moreover, the NfL increasing still existed when the NfL expression level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but single molecule array assay. However, no difference of NfL in MCI between Caucasian and Asian was found.

Conclusions:
NfL expression level in CSF was increased in MCI individuals, which indicated that NfL in CSF could be a potential biomarker of MCI.
Radiological findings in low-dose CT for COVID-19 pneumonia in 182 patients
Authors: BiebaÛ Charlotte M. , Desmet Jeroen N. , Dubbeldam Adriana , Cockmartin Lesley , Coudyzer Walter M. , Coolen Johan , Verschakelen Johny A. , De Wever Walter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
To characterize computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and their value in outcome prediction.
Chest CTs of 182 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 infection by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were evaluated for the presence of CT-abnormalities and their frequency. Regarding the patient outcome each patient was categorized in 5 progressive stages and the duration of hospitalization was determined. Regression analysis was performed to find which CT findings are predictive for patient outcome and to assess prognostic factors for the hospitalization duration.
Multivariate statistical analysis confirmed a higher age (OR = 1.023, P
=
.025), a higher total visual severity score (OR = 1.038, P
=
.002) and the presence of crazy paving (OR = 2.160, P
=
.034) as predictive parameters for patient outcome. A higher total visual severity score (+0.134 days; P
=
.012) and the presence of pleural effusion (+13.985 days, P
=
0.005) were predictive parameters for a longer hospitalization duration. Moreover, a higher sensitivity of chest CT (false negatives 10.4%; true positives 78.6%) in comparison to real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was obtained.
An increasing percentage of lung opacity as well as the presence of crazy paving and a higher age are associated with a worse patient outcome. The presence of a higher total visual severity score and pleural effusion are significant predictors for a longer hospitalization duration. These results are underscoring the value of chest CT as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19, to facilitate fast detection and to preserve the limited (intensive) care capacity only for the most vulnerable patients.
Traditional Chinese medicine intervention for autism spectrum disorders: Retraction
Authors: Feng Xiang , Li Keshang , Jiang Quanrui , Zhang Yuxing , Gong Zhichao , Zhi Hui , Yu Jun , Li Wu , Li Jiangshan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication, social interaction, and restrictive or repetitive behaviors. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in the clinical management of ASD, especially in mainland China, where studies have shown promising efficacy. However, this remains to be further explored and clarified. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of conventional treatment-based TCM interventions for ASD.

Method:
The study will be conducted from January 2022, and the following electronic databases will be searched: China Biological Medicine Database, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, Wan Fang database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE Database. Only randomized controlled trials of TCM interventions for ASD will be included. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale, Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, and Childhood Autism Rating Scale will be the primary outcome indicators. The methodological quality of this Bayesian-based network meta-analysis will be performed using the “Risk of Bias” tool. Stata 14.0 and WinBUGS 1.4.3 will be used to analyze the data. In addition, assessment of heterogeneity, inconsistency, subgroups, sensitivity, and publication bias will be conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration's tools.

Results:
The results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

Conclusion:
This study will help patients recover better, provide clinical evidence for practitioners, and promote the use of TCM in ASD interventions.
Acupuncture in the emergency department for pain management
Authors: Dusek Jeffery A. , Kallenberg Gene A. , Hughes Robert M. , Storrow Alan B. , Coyne Christopher J. , Vago David R. , Nielsen Arya , Karasz Alison , Kim Ryung S. , Surdam Jessica , Segall Tracy , McKee M. Diane 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Pain accounts for up to 78% of emergency department (ED) patient visits and opioids remain a primary method of treatment despite risks of addiction and adverse effects. While prior acupuncture studies are promising as an alternative opioid-sparing approach to pain reduction, successful conduct of a multi-center pilot study is needed to prepare for a future definitive randomized control trial (RCT).

Methods:
Acupuncture in the Emergency Department for Pain Management (ACUITY) is funded by the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. The objectives are to: conduct a multi-center feasibility RCT, examine feasibility of data collection, develop/deploy a manualized acupuncture intervention and assess feasibility/implementation (barrier/facilitators) in 3 EDs affiliated with the BraveNet Practice Based Research Network.
Adults presenting to a recruiting ED with acute non-emergent pain (e.g., musculoskeletal, back, pelvic, noncardiac chest, abdominal, flank or head) of ≥4 on a 0-10-point Numeric Rating Scale will be eligible. ED participants (n = 165) will be equally randomized to Acupuncture or Usual Care.
At pre-, post-, and discharge time-points, patients will self-assess pain and anxiety using the Numeric Rating Scale. Pain, anxiety, post-ED opioid use and adverse events will be assessed at 1 and 4 weeks. Opioid utilization in the ED and discharge prescriptions will be extracted from patients’ electronic medical records.
Acupuncture recipients will asked to participate in a brief qualitative interview about 3 weeks after their discharge. ED providers and staff will also be interviewed about their general perspectives/experiences related to acupuncture in the ED and implementation of acupuncture in ACUITY.

Results:
Recruitment began on 5/3/21. As of 12/7/21: 84 patients have enrolled, the responsive acupuncture intervention has been developed and deployed, and 26 qualitative interviews have been conducted.

Conclusion:
Successful conduct of ACUITY will provide the necessary framework for conducting a future, multi-center, definitive RCT of acupuncture in the ED.

Clinical Trials.gov:
NCT04880733 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04880733
Investigation and influencing factors about well-being level of elderly chronic patients during COVID-19 postpandemic period in Beijing
Authors: Wu Chen , Liu Yu-Xuan , Liu Tie-Jun , Yan Xu-Ling , Zhao Yu-Xi , Zeng Hong , Zhou Tian , Rao Ping , Sun Lan-Ying , Jiao Yang , Xi Jia-Ning 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has huge impacts on the world, including human health and economic decline. The COVID-19 has severe infectivity, especially the elderly with chronic diseases will cause various complications after infection and accelerate the disease process. In addition, COVID-19 will also affect their mental health. Therefore, the mental health of elderly patients with chronic diseases cannot be ignored. The aim of this study was to investigate the well-being level of elderly people with chronic disease during COVID-19 postpandemic period in Beijing and analysis related influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for improving the well-being level of elderly chronic patients during the postpandemic period.
Elderly patients with chronic diseases who met the inclusion criteria in 5 different administrative regions in Beijing were selected to carry out a questionnaire survey. The contents of the questionnaire included general data, the Memorial University of Newfoundland Happiness scale and the awareness situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed by WeChat and 486 valid questionnaires were collected. The t test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare Memorial University of Newfoundland Happiness scores between 2 or more groups, multiple linear regression analysis was used to conduct multiple factor analysis to explore the related factors about well-being level of elderly chronic patients.
A total of 109 cases (22.43%) were evaluated high well-being level, 319 cases (65.64%) were evaluated moderate well-being level and 58 cases (11.93%) were evaluated low well-being according to the Memorial University of Newfoundland Happiness (MUNSH) scores rating. The multiple linear regression indicated that the education level, number of chronic diseases, medical expenses, frequency of children's visits, taking care of grandchildren or not, and group activity frequency significantly affected the well-being of patients with chronic diseases during COVID-19 postpandemic period in Beijing (P < .05).
Most elderly patients with chronic diseases had moderate or above sense of well-being during postpandemic period, but we should still pay attention to the mental health of those elderly chronic patients with low education level, much comorbidity, more medical expenses, less visits by children, not take care of grandchildren and never participate in group activities.
Upregulated miR-328-3p and its high risk in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Huang Haitao , Chen Hao , Liang Xiao , Chen Xiuting , Chen Xiaoxin , Chen Can 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
Several studies have shown miR-328-3p increased in atrial fibrillation (AF), but some researches indicated no difference or even decreased. This inconsistent result confuses researchers, and it is urgent to know the truth. This study is to assess the association between miR-328-3p levels in plasma/atrial tissue and patients with AF.

Methods:
PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest were searched from inception to February 1, 2021. The standardized mean differences (SMD) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to evaluate the association between miR-328-3p levels and AF.

Results:
Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were used for our meta-analysis. Overall, the levels of miR-328-3p were higher in patients with AF than in the control group (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI [0.10, 1.28], P = .022). After adjustment, the overall SMD was 0.82 (95% CI [0.22, 1.42], P = .007). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were stable, and the trim-fill analysis showed that the results were credible. Subgroup analyses showed that AF patients, n ≥ 30, various of comorbidity, articles published earlier, and Asia groups had higher levels of expression of miR-328-3p.

Conclusions:
High levels of miR-328-3p are significantly associated with an increased risk of AF. It implies that miR-328-3p played an important role in diagnosis and may serve as a potential momentous, and useful biomarker to identify AF.
Managers’ awareness of mental health measures for their employees in small and medium-sized enterprises in a depopulated mountainous area in Japan
Authors: Fukita Susumu , Kawasaki Hiromi , Yamasaki Satoko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The local economy is often supported by small and medium-sized enterprises. There is a need to consider effective promotion methods for mental health measures in these enterprises in depopulated mountainous areas. It is important to understand managers’ awareness when considering effective mental health measures in these enterprises. The study's aim is to explore managers’ awareness of mental health measures for employees in small and medium-sized enterprises in depopulated mountainous areas in Japan.
Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 managers in 2019. The primary issues addressed by the interview were regarding the awareness among managers about mental health promotion measures for employees. These are the primary prevention measures. The interview also addressed issues related to the awareness of measures for mental health problems that are fundamental to the secondary and tertiary prevention measures. A qualitative descriptive analysis was conducted.
Three categories and 8 subcategories emerged regarding the managers’ awareness of mental health promotion measures for employees. The 3 categories were: “Individual support, including their life's aspect, while taking advantage of formal and informal relationships,” “The difficulty of drawing out an employees’ motivation to work, due to the changes over time in the work size or in their working relationships,” and “Creating a comfortable working environment for employees, by complying with the labor standards and adjusting relationships.” Regarding managers’ awareness of the measures for mental health problems, four categories and 8 subcategories emerged. The 4 categories were: “Prevention and awareness of the incidence of mental health problems,” “Individual support based on the enterprise's or employee's characteristics,” “A lack of support for the manager to address employees’ mental health problems,” and “Employees quitting the job, due to the lack of appropriate support.”
Though managers in depopulated mountainous areas were well aware of the mental health activities offered, the categories showed the need to foster social capital. It also showed the need to collaborate with external support organizations, and the difficulties faced by small and medium-sized enterprises.
Health literacy among cancer survivors
Authors: Coughlin Steven S. , Datta Biplab , Vernon Marlo , Hatzigeorgiou Christos , George Varghese 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Health literacy is a set of knowledge and skills that enables individuals to obtain, communicate, process and understand information, and services to make appropriate health decisions and to successfully navigate the health care system. Health literacy is important to quality of cancer survivorship care and patient self-management of their disease.
We examined health literacy among cancer survivors, using data from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We compared health literacy across various demographic and socioeconomic groups and estimated the adjusted odds in favor of low health literacy for these characteristics.
We found that about 16% of the cancer survivors had low health literacy. The prevalence was higher among Hispanic and Black individuals, and among those with poor health status, low income and educational attainment.
A sizeable percentage of cancer survivors have low health literacy which is likely to complicate their ability to self-manage their disease and navigate the health care system for optimal care. In order to ensure the quality and appropriateness of cancer survivorship care, effective interventions are needed to address low health literacy in these populations.