bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulpiride‐induced hyperprolactinaemia increases retinal vasoinhibin and protects against diabetic retinopathy in rats
Authors: Adán‐Castro Elva , Siqueiros‐Márquez Lourdes , Ramírez‐Hernández Gabriela , Díaz‐Lezama Nundehui , Ruíz‐Herrera Xarubet , Núñez Francisco Freinet , Núñez‐Amaro Carlos D. , Robles‐Osorio Ma. Ludivina , Bertsch Thomas , Triebel Jakob , Martínez de la Escalera Gonzalo , Clapp Carmen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExcessive vasopermeability and angiogenesis compromise vision in diabetic macular oedema (DME) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Vasoinhibin is a fragment of the hormone prolactin (PRL) that inhibits diabetes‐induced retinal hypervasopermeability and ischaemia‐induced retinal angiogenesis in rodents. Hyperprolactinaemia generated by the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, levosulpiride, is associated with higher levels of vasoinhibin in the vitreous of patients with DR, implying a beneficial outcome due to vasoinhibin‐mediated inhibition of retinal vascular alterations. Here, we tested whether hyperprolactinaemia induced by racemic sulpiride increases intraocular vasoinhibin levels and inhibits retinal hypervasopermeability in diabetic rats. Diabetes was generated with streptozotocin and, 4 weeks later, rats were treated for 2 weeks with sulpiride or osmotic minipumps delivering PRL. ELISA, Western blot, and Evans blue assay were used to evaluate serum PRL, retinal vasoinhibin, and retinal vasopermeability, respectively. Hyperprolactinaemia in response to sulpiride or exogenous PRL was associated with increased levels of vasoinhibin in the retina and reduced retinal hypervasopermeability. Furthermore, sulpiride decreased retinal haemorrhages in response to the intravitreal administration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Neither sulpiride nor exogenous PRL modified blood glucose levels or bodyweight. We conclude that sulpiride‐induced hyperprolactinaemia inhibits the diabetes‐ and VEGF‐mediated increase in retinal vasopermeability by promoting the intraocular conversion of endogenous PRL to vasoinhibin. These findings support the therapeutic potential of sulpiride and its levorotatory enantiomer, levosulpiride, against DME and DR.
Biologic and targeted therapeutics in vitiligo
Authors: Karagaiah Priyanka , Schwartz Robert A. , Lotti Torello , Wollina Uwe , Grabbe Stephan , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo is a long‐standing progressive autoimmune disease with depigmented macules/patches with significant psychological morbidity to the patients. From being one of the most poorly understood diseases in the past, there has been a rampant advance in determining the molecular and genetic factors influencing the disease process. More light has been shed on the complex intracellular environment and interplay between innate and adaptive immunity. Numerous cytokines and signaling pathways have been associated with disease pathogenesis in the recent past.ObjectiveThe aim of this review the efficacy of biologic and targeted therapeutics in vitiligo.MethodsA detailed literature search was conducted on databases like PubMed, COCHRANE Central, EMBASE and Google Scholar using keywords—“biologics,” “vitiligo,” “treatment,” “repigmentation,” “JAK inhibitors,”, “TNF‐ꭤ inhibitors,” and “IL17/23 inhibitors,” Relevant studies and review articles in English were analyzed in detail and report was written. This article aimed at a comprehensive review of all the biologicals and newer targeted therapeutics tried in vitiligo and their efficacy with an insight into the potential complications arising as a result of the therapy.ResultsMost conventional vitiligo treatment modalities are restricted to generalized nonspecific immunosuppressants like topical and oral corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy, and surgical modalities. There have been reports and studies on the usage of biologicals in treating vitiligo. JAK inhibitors have shown good efficacy in vitiligo; however, it lacks substantial evidence in the form of randomized control trials. Similarly, the use of targeted therapeutics in treating vitiligo is substantiated by limited evidence and requires more randomized trials for further evidence.ConclusionJAK inhibitors have shown promising results and good tolerability; Adjuvant phototherapy can achieve a superior response compared to monotherapy. Though TNF‐ꭤ has been tried in a few cases, it is best used if vitiligo is present in association with other chronic autoimmune diseases for which it is indicated. More in vitro studies and clinical research are required to understand the pathogenesis clearly, and therapy has to be targeted at specific pathways for a better approach toward vitiligo. Treatment aimed at induction and differentiation of melanocytes may be added to achieve faster repigmentation.
The Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements (SCREAM) project: Fostering improvements in chronic kidney disease care
Authors: Carrero Juan Jesus , Elinder Carl Gustaf 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSCREAM (Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements project) was initiated in 2010 in collaboration with the healthcare provider of Stockholm County healthcare to quantify potential medication errors, estimate the burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to illustrate the value of incorporating measures of kidney function into the medical decision process. Because most patients are unaware of their CKD and diagnoses are seldom issued, SCREAM took advantage of the commonness of serum/plasma creatinine testing, which can be used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and classify the stage of CKD severity. SCREAM is periodically updated, and at present contains healthcare information of all residents in Stockholm region during 2006–2019 (about 3 million people), enriched with a broad range of laboratory measurements for those in whom creatinine or albuminuria has been measured (about 1.8 million people). This health information was linked with national administrative and quality registries via the unique personal identification number of each Swedish citizen, conforming the richest characterization in Sweden of the population's journey through health and disease. This review discusses the context of its creation, strengths and weakness, key findings and plans for the future. We summarize our findings related to the burden of CKD in Sweden, its adverse health risks (such as risk of infections, cancer or dementia) and how underlying kidney function alters the risk–benefit ratio of common medications. Results have had clinical impact and demonstrate the importance of population‐based research in the spectrum of clinical research to improve health.
Green firm, brown environment
Authors: Pal Rupayan , Banerjee Prasenjit , Thakkar Pratik , Tanvir Hussain A. M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe develop a theoretical model to examine the implication of a monopolist’s environmental consciousness, which induces it to adopt cleaner technology or to internalize negative environmental externalities of production or both, for the environment. Results show that greater environmental concern of the monopolist may damage the environment more, despite leading to lower emission intensity. This is true regardless of whether consumers value green production or not. This paper also draws implications of technology standard and emission tax as instruments for environmental regulation. This paper provides a theoretical underpinning of therebound effectin production by showing that the voluntary pro‐environmental compliance behavior may not always mitigate the rebound effect. This suggests that a regulator should be cautious while designing regulatory mechanisms.
Blood and Blood: Anti‐retroviral Therapy, Masculinity, and Redemption among Adolescent Boys in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: Gittings Lesley , Colvin Christopher J. , Hodes Rebecca 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV are among the first generation in South Africa to grow up with anti‐retroviral therapy and democratic freedoms. In this article, we explore the biosocial lives of adolescent boys and young men living with HIV in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. We conducted qualitative research with 36 adolescent boys and young men in 2016‒2018, including life history narratives, semi‐structured interviews, and analysis of health facility files.[masculinity, South Africa, HIV, adolescence]
Citizenship, language tests, and political participation
Authors: Bonotti Matteo , Willoughby Louisa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article critically examines the argument that language testing for citizenship is necessary in order to ensure that naturalized citizens have sufficient language proficiency to participate in democratic life. First, we contend that as they are currently designed, language tests are normally unsuitable to assess the ability of would‐be citizens to participate in the complex linguistic interactions that characterize democratic life. We further claim that if language tests were redesigned in order to meet this challenge, this would unjustly exclude (or exacerbate the exclusion of) many categories of migrants from citizenship, especially humanitarian entrants and adults with low‐level literacy skills. Finally, we argue that language tests and language skills may be unnecessary for political participation, if institutions and social norms are in place which enable speakers of different languages to participate in political life effectively and without fear of prejudice.
Linguistic justice for immigrants
Authors: De Schutter Helder 
Published: January 2022

AbstractShould speakers of immigrant languages have fewer language rights than members of long‐settled nations? In this article, I argue that the interests of immigrant and native groups are normatively equally recognition‐worthy. Any legitimate differential recognition must follow from the different interests immigrants have in language. I distinguish three categories of immigrants: strictly temporary immigrants, immigrants that have become or are to be citizens and linguistically very wealthy immigrants. The purpose of distinguishing these types is to get a better grasp on the needs and interests of immigrants, by creating sub‐profiles. I argue that the first group is entitled to minimal language recognition. The second group, I argue, should be granted equal consideration of their languageinterests, but that does not necessarily mean equallanguagerecognition. The third group—linguistically very wealthy immigrants such as English‐speaking immigrants—typically outrivals the local population in terms of the fulfilment of their language identity interests. Their language interests warrant the need of integration into the national language(s), not the need for equal language recognition.
Innovative vaccine approaches—a Keystone Symposia report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Rappuoli Rino , Klemm Elizabeth J. , Kang Gagandeep , Mutreja Ankur , Wright Gavin J. , Pizza Mariagrazia , Castro Sowmya Ajay , Hoffmann Joseph P. , Alter Galit , Carfi Andrea , Pollard Andrew J. , Krammer Florian , Gupta Ravindra K. , Wagner Caroline E. , Machado Viviane , Modjarrad Kayvon , Corey Lawrence , B. Gilbert Peter , Dougan Gordon , Lurie Nicole , Bjorkman Pamela J. , Chiu Christopher , Nemes Elisa , Gordon Stephen B. , Steer Andrew C. , Rudel Thomas , Blish Catherine A. , Sandberg John Tyler , Brennan Kiva , Klugman Keith P. , Stuart Lynda M. , Madhi Shabir A. , Karp Christopher L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of COVID‐19 vaccines was the result of decades of research to establish flexible vaccine platforms and understand pathogens with pandemic potential, as well as several novel changes to the vaccine discovery and development processes that partnered industry and governments. And while vaccines offer the potential to drastically improve global health, low‐and‐middle‐income countries around the world often experience reduced access to vaccines and reduced vaccine efficacy. Addressing these issues will require novel vaccine approaches and platforms, deeper insight how vaccines mediate protection, and innovative trial designs and models. On June 28–30, 2021, experts in vaccine research, development, manufacturing, and deployment met virtually for the Keystone eSymposium “Innovative Vaccine Approaches” to discuss advances in vaccine research and development.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in patient with J wave syndrome and implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Authors: Samani Susan , Samimi Sahar , Mollazadeh Reza , Mehrpour Masoud 
Published: January 2022

AbstractJ wave syndrome is a spectrum of proarrhythmic disorders including Brugada syndrome and early repolarization syndrome (ERS), that are prone to ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death (SCD). In this case report we present a patient with ERS and aborted SCD complicated with cognitive impairment. We also investigated whether performing transcranial direct current stimulation to target his cognitive impairment, interfered with the function of his implantable cardioverter defibrillator.
Oxygen saturation targets in pediatric respiratory disease
Authors: Nagakura Akito , Morikawa Yoshihiko , Takasugi Nao , Funakoshi Hanako , Miura Yoko , Ota Tomomi , Shimizu Ayumi , Shimizu Keisuke , Shirane Shoichiro , Hataya Hiroshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to assess the appropriate oxygen saturation target in patients with pediatric respiratory diseases by lowering the oxygen saturation target from SpO2 94% to 90%. No previous study has explored appropriate oxygen saturation targets in respiratory diseases other than bronchiolitis.MethodsThe present, prospective, single‐arm intervention trial enrolled pediatric inpatients with bronchiolitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and asthma. The oxygen saturation target was lowered from SpO2 94% to 90% after the patients' general condition improved. The patients continued to be observed for 12 h after achieving SpO2 94%. The duration from the first cut‐off point (SpO2 90% for 12 h without oxygen) to the second cut‐off point (SpO2 94% for 12 h) was then evaluated.ResultsIn total, 248 patients completed the study. Patients with bronchiolitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and asthma had an interval between the two cut‐off points of 23.9, 15.5, 19.1, and 13.8 h, respectively, (mean 17.2 h; 95% confidence interval 15.0–19.5).ConclusionsIn generally healthy children, setting the oxygen saturation target at SpO2 90% after confirming improvement in their general condition was safe. The time required for increasing SpO2 from 90% to 94% was longest in the patients with bronchiolitis.
Bi+ adults' daily wellbeing: The roles of relationship status and partner gender
Authors: Vilkin Ellora , Davila Joanne , Dyar Christina , Feinstein Brian A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study examined whether relationship involvement and partner gender were associated with between‐person differences and within‐person fluctuation in positive and negative affect and alcohol use among people who are attracted to more than one gender or regardless of gender (e.g., bisexual, pansexual, queer; bi+). One hundred and ninety‐eight bi+ individuals (M age 26.97; 73.1% non‐Latinx White) completed a 28‐day diary study. Multilevel regression analyses modeled between‐person differences in daily affect and alcohol use as a function of relationship status and partner gender. ANCOVAs were conducted to examine differences in within‐person fluctuation. Results partially support past findings that relationship involvement may not confer benefits for bi+ people and that mixed‐gender partnerships could be particularly challenging. Future research directions are discussed.
Changes in biochemistry and cellular ultrastructure support different resistance mechanisms to Phytophthora sojae in nonhost common bean and host soybean
Authors: Bi Xiangqi , Song Guangmei , Yu Han , Zhang Zhuoqun , Liu Haixu , Yang Zhiyue , Chen Yufei , Wen Jingzhi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhytophthora root and stem rot of soybean caused by Phytophthora sojae is a destructive disease affecting soybean production worldwide. In nature, soybean is the only economically important cultivated host of P. sojae. The aim of this study was to explain different resistance mechanisms to P. sojae in nonhost common bean and host soybean as a basis for the control of Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean via nonhost resistance. Observations and measurements of disease resistance‐related variables showed slight differences in structural and biochemical resistance mechanisms between common bean and soybean. P. sojae infection induced a stronger hypersensitive response in nonhost common bean than in host resistant soybean. Moreover, phytoalexin phaseollidin synthesis‐related vestitone reductase gene was extremely highly up‐regulated, and phytoalexin glyceollin synthesis‐related isoflavone reductase gene was slightly less up‐regulated in common bean than in soybean, which resulted in a higher level of phaseollidin and a lower level of glyceollin in common bean. Phaseollidin had stronger inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and oospore formation of P. sojae than glyceollin, and more cell wall depositions and callose accumulated in common bean, which are probably related to the stronger resistance of nonhost common bean to P. sojae.
Progressing the aerospace performance factor toward nonlinear interactions
Authors: Štumbauer Oldřich , Lališ Andrej 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEvaluation of safety performance remains central to any safety and risk management. Currently, there are very few support tools and methods which allow for quantitative approach in this domain. One of the successful methods available to this end is the Aerospace Performance Factor (APF). The method is based on hierarchical clustering of taxonomy‐based safety performance indicators, using simple and intelligible formula to compute the overall safety performance signal. The work presented in this study deals with one of the APF shortcomings, namely the absence of nonlinear relations among the performance indicators to capture more accurately the risk in the assessed system. It proposes an addition of new decision criteria behind the APF method as part of the application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), namely the impact of respective performance indicator on other indicators, regardless of their hierarchical structure. This addition leads to relative changes of performance indicators significance, where those with the highest potential for nonlinear interactions among the entire set of performance indicators are emphasized and the change in their weight ultimately leads to changes in the overall APF signal. The study results indicate that the extended APF signal is refined in terms of extremes and it draws more accurate picture about the actual safety performance, eventually supporting better identification of deviations from its acceptable values. The study was experimentally carried out in the aviation with data from the European Central Repository (ECR) originating from United Kingdom during the years 2013–2015 and verified further on data sets from Finland and Denmark.
Comparison between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis on kidney function recovery in incident kidney failure: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kuo George , Chen Jia‐Jin , Cheng Ya‐Lien , Fan Pei‐Chun , Lee Cheng‐Chia , Chang Chih‐Hsiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with kidney failure who start dialysis have a chance of kidney function recovery. Whether the initial dialysis modality affects the possibility of recovery is not fully understood.MethodsWe included patients diagnosed with kidney failure requiring dialysis during 2001–2013 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. We excluded diabetic and elderly patients. Kidney function recovery was defined as not receiving dialysis therapy for longer than 3 months. The primary outcome was kidney function recovery, and the secondary outcome was all‐cause mortality during a 3‐year follow up.ResultsA total of 12,619 patients was eligible for analysis, with 981 received PD and 11,638 received HD. Total 620 patients had kidney function recovery during a 3‐year follow up, which represented 4.9% of the entire cohort. After propensity score matching, the PD groups were more likely to experience kidney function recovery (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–2.25). The risk of all‐cause mortality between groups did not significantly differ (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.89–1.70).ConclusionThe study found that in nonelderly, nondiabetic patients who received inadequate predialysis nephrology care before kidney failure, PD is associated with a higher chance of kidney function recovery.
A novel approach to discriminate sedimentary characteristics of deltaic tidal flats with terrestrial laser scanner: Results from a case study
Authors: Wang Jie , Dai Zhijun , Fagherazzi Sergio , Long Chuqi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSediments in deltaic tidal flats regulate physical and chemical processes. Grain‐size distribution plays an important role in determining sediment dynamics and substrate properties. However, it is challenging to quantify large‐scale depositional environments in intertidal flats, due to time‐consuming grain‐size analyses and sparse sedimentary information extracted from scattered sediment samples. In this study, a novel terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) based method was developed to characterize the substrate of an intertidal flat. Surface sediment samples in the Nanhui flats in the Yangtze Delta, China, and the corresponding waveform amplitudes of TLS echoes at fixed sampling sites were collected for a total of 22 months. A negative logarithmic relationship was found between the sediment sand fraction, average grain size, D50, and corrected waveform amplitude of TLS echo in different hydro‐meteorological conditions. The mean of average grain size of five sediment sampling sites along a transect was 58.78 μm when measured by traditional grain‐size analysis, and 49.48 μm when calculated with the proposed logarithmic equation. The mean error at each site was up to 21.77%. The mean error for the sand and silt fraction at each location was as high as 27.28% and 21.75%, respectively. The spatial distribution pattern of TLS‐based average grain size in the entire study area was consistent with the measured pattern with a Root Mean Square Error of 13.83 μm. These errors could be caused by the accuracy of the TLS waveform amplitude correction and by limits of the method in recognizing different substrates. The effects produced by the presence of microphytobenthos (for example, cyanobacterial mats or diatom biofilms) or bedforms have not been investigated and may have affected the results. The TLS‐based grain‐size measurements can rapidly and effectively discriminate sediment characteristics, thus avoiding traditional time‐consuming measurements. It is expected that the TLS‐based method proposed here will have wide applications in shoreline studies, especially in inaccessible tidal flats.