bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Properties of Geopolymer Concrete using Hybrid Fibres
Authors: Pavan Kumar CH , Ravali N. V. N. , Sutradhar Rumpa , Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Due to the ongoing loss of the ozone layer and the issue of global warming, the building industry has recently become increasingly cognizant of the importance of employing more environmentally friendly construction materials. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has started to draw considerable interest from scholars, researchers, and construction practitioners because of its benefits in replacing cement with by-product waste and reducing greenhouse gas emissions during production. It also outperforms traditional concrete in terms of mechanical qualities and endurance. Despite its benefits, GPC is only used in a limited number of applications.
This paper describes the various proportions of fly ash (100%, 90%, 85%, 80%) and bagasse ash (10%, 15%, 20%) based geo-polymer concrete. For the making of concrete, fly ash having low-calcium (Class F) is substituted for Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)as the raw material. According to earlier research, adding bagasse ash to Geopolymer concrete reduces its strength by more than 10%. The effects of strength and durability parameters were studied using silica fume (5%) and hybrid fibres (1%), and the findings revealed that GPC has increased durability and strength with the addition of silica fume and hybrid fibres. This GPC has mechanical and durability properties equivalent to OPC concrete. GPC is not only good for the environment, but it also has outstanding mechanical properties. In the future, it might be a very useful material.
Impact of Carbon di-oxide Curing on Basalt Rock Fibre Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Pachipala Sravani , Somavarapu Mohan Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Concrete is the fundamental element in the construction activity which advancement enhances the durability properties. To achieve the strength of concrete within short time various curing techniques are available. One such curing technique is exposing concrete to carbon dioxide gas. Carbon dioxide gas is the abundantly released gas from the industries which pollutes the environment & also a main reason for the greenhouse effect. By utilizing carbon dioxide gas in construction activities, environmental pollution can be minimized. This study is about the investigation of mechanical properties of basalt fibre reinforced concrete subjected to conventional and carbon dioxide curing methods. Specimens are prepared of M25 grade concrete with 0, 1, 2, and 3, 4 Kg/m3 basalt fibres. Compressive strength and split tensile strength tests are performed to specimens after 28 days of conventional curing and 2.5 hours of carbon dioxide curing.
Geopolymer Aggregate Concrete: A review from fundamentals to developments
Authors: Krishna Bhavani Siram K , Sathyan Dhanya 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Aggregates hold almost three-fourths volume of concrete. The tremendous increase in the growth rate of constructions has further accelerated the demand of aggregates. The utilization of aggregates to satisfy the demand has led to the inadequacy of aggregates. A unique method of developing non-conventional aggregates as a substitute of conventional coarse aggregates can be the justification of the issue. Meanwhile, considerable amount of fly ash produced from thermal power plants is disposed in landfills and ponds, creating hazard to the nature. Researchers have focused in utilizing fly ash to produce aggregates through the process of pelletization. Geopolymerization parameters such as Na2O content, slope and speed of disc pelletizer influence the properties of fly ash based pelletized aggregates. The compressive strength of geopolymer aggregate concrete depicted a higher value than concrete with conventional aggregates. The objective of this paper is to present the factors affecting the production of geopolymer aggregate concrete and the properties of these novel aggregate concrete.
An Experimental Study on Ternary Blended Fibre Reinforced concrete with Basalt Fibre and Steel Fibre
Authors: Pavan B. , Nagaraju Avari , Reddy Suda V.B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Concrete is a popular building material because of its great compressive strength, durability, and availability of sub-components. The strain at fracture and tensile strength of normal concrete are extremely poor. Simple concrete usually contains multiple micro-cracks and fails due to a lack of tensile strength under continuous loading conditions. Concrete is strengthened with fibres to increase tensile and flexure strength. Fibre-reinforced concrete’s primary function is to monitor cracking and thus provide some post-cracking ductility. The aim is to compare the performance of fibres on the mechanical properties of M30 grade concrete and to find the optimal fibre concentration. Fibres are added by 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% in concrete. Ternary blended concrete was considered in the study. Cement is partially replaced by GGBS with 30% and Dolomite powder 10% respectively. The study took in to account the replacement to reduce the CO2 emission while also conserving natural resources. Total 8 mixes are prepared with fibre proportions. Different concrete specimens such as cubes, cylinders and beams are prepared with different proportions of fibres. Prepared concrete specimens were tested at 3, 7& 28days. The inclusion of fibres resulted in significant improvements in compression, flexure, and split tensile strength in experimental test results.
The Use of Recycled Aggregates on Mechanical Properties of Concrete: A Review
Authors: panda S. , Jena T. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A number of studies on the mechanical characteristics, durability, and structural performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) have been conducted. The implementation of the use of recycled aggregate in construction activities has been approved in developed European countries, as well as several other countries. We all know that concrete is the most common building material stuff from all across the world as well as concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, and that it is employed in almost every form of civil engineering project. Engineering is a useful skill. As a group, they account for roughly 70-80 percent of the total components made of concrete. As a result, recycling aggregate for construction purposes will benefit both the environment and the construction industry. A study has been conducted in this paper based on previous studies conducted by many experts and their findings have been examined.
Effect of waste copper slag as a substitute in cement and concrete-a review
Authors: Chaitanya Bypaneni Krishna , Kumar Ilango Siva 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Copper slag is a by-product of the copper ore purification process that is produced at various stages. Copper slag is widely utilized as an abrasive, as well as a construction ingredient in the manufacturing of concrete and paving materials. Despite, the giant quantities of waste copper slag results in landfilling issues. Landfilling of waste copper slag convert the land into unfertile soil and as result creates environmental problems. Therefore, the waste copper slag may be used as an alternative material in producing sustainable construction materials that lead to both economical and environmental benefits. Most of the studies observed that up to 15% by using the weight of copper slag as Portland cement replacement improves in stress due to declining capillary porosity related to hydrated lime and 40–50% and 40–60% (by weight of sand) of copper slag can be used as a substitute for fine aggregates and coarse combination concrete is improvement in strength. This paper summarizes the use of waste copper slag in producing concrete as aggregate and as a partial replacement to cement. Furthermore, the effect of waste copper slag on the mechanical, durability and the effect of elevated temperatures on the properties of concrete are presented.
Effect of Curing Regime on Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Verma N K , Rao M C , Kumar S 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Advancement of reasonable development materials has been the focal point of exploration globally in recent times. Considering the current scenario, finding options in contrast to Ordinary Portland concrete (OPC) is of incredible importance as a result of high CO2 emission during its production. Accordingly, supplementary material was acquainted as alternative to cement for concrete production. Utilisation of fly ash is eco-accommodating and furthermore saves cement cost. It is wealthy in silicate and alumina and it responds with alkaline solution to produce alumina silicate gel which helps in fastening the concrete ingredients. The fly ash based geo polymer offers better protection from the forceful condition and elevated temperature than the ordinary cement. Some factors like NaOH Molarity, NaOH/Na2SiO3 percentage assume a fundamental element in the development of the geopolymerization reaction became concept of. The investigation on the fly ash based geo polymer profoundly did in the present work, besides the impact of elevated temperature and time are not exceptionally recorded in the available literature. In this study the effect of curing temperature and curing time on the compressive strength (3, 7 and 28 days) of GPC at a constant molarity of NaOH and alkaline solution ratio and compare with controlled concrete. In the present work 10 molars of NaOH and 1:1.5 alkaline solution ratio was considered by varying curing temperature 60°, 90° and 120° C and 24, 48 and 72 hours of curing time. M30 grade concrete mix with the equivalent GPC is developed. From the experimental results, it was found that compressive strength was effected by curing temperature and curing time at 3, 7 and 28 days and maximum compressive strength i.e., 53.46 MPa was obtained at higher curing temperature (120° C) and lower curing time (24 hrs). Also, when compared with control concrete, the compressive strength is higher for GPC was observed.
Application of Remote Sensing, GIS, and Drainage Morphometric Analysis in Groundwater potential Assessment for sustainable development in Iyenda River Catchment, Konso Zone, Rift Valley, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Jothimani Muralitharan , Abebe Abel , Berhanu Gosaye 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The present study employed remote sensing data, GIS technologies, and drainage morphometric analysis to assess groundwater potential for sustainable development in the Iyenada River Catchment, Rift Valley, Southern Ethiopia. A 30 m spatial resolution Shuttle Radar Topographic Mapper (SRTM) digital elevation model and toposheets were used to demarcate the present study area’s watershed boundary and extract drainage network in Arc GIS software environment. The current study area was divided into eight watersheds, namely WS-1, WS-2, WS-3, WS-4, WS-5, WS-6, WS-7, and WS-8, and the total areal extend is 497.70 Sqkm. The standard formula was used to determine the necessary linear, relief, and spatial morphometric parameters. According to the present investigation results, the current study region includes undulating topography with slopes ranging from 0° to 52°. The groundwater occurrence is inversely proportional to the following morphometric parameter values: stream frequency, drainage texture, drainage density, bifurcation ratio, and form factor; the lower the values, the more significant groundwater occurrence. The groundwater occurrence is directly proportional to the morphometric parameters: compactness coefficient, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, and length of overland flow. The present study areas’ watersheds were prioritized using compound parameter analysis, which combined the mentioned-above morphometric parameters for each watershed. Compound factor values ranging between 3.78 to 5.11 and same was classified into three categories, and priorities were assigned 3.780 - 4.11 (high), 4.12 - 4.78 (medium), and 4.79 - 5.11 (low). The watersheds (WS-2 and WS-4) need immediate attention to minimize the surface runoff and enhance groundwater recharge. The results show that WS-7 having high and WS-1, WS-3, WS-5, WS-6, and WS-8 have medium groundwater potential. Watersheds with poor groundwater potential demand additional thorough research and remedial procedures, including implementing appropriate recharge systems. The current study demonstrates the effective use of remote sensing, GIS, and drainage morphometry in assessing groundwater potential.
Energy Recovery Analysis of Perungudi landfill Waste of Chennai, Tamilnadu
Authors: Senthil M.S. , Suresh E.S.M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
From this study, the quantity, composition, and energy content of waste material in Perungudi dump yard of Chennai, Tamilnadu, India were examined. Based upon the past waste generation data from the documentary evidence and field data was used to predict the quantity of waste generated in future. This study reviews the potential uses of solid wastes generated at the perungudi dump yard as a sustainable energy source. Physical properties of waste sample like specific gravity (Sg), moisture content (MC), dry density, particle size distribution and unit weight of MSW are analyzed using ASTM guidelines. Proximate analysis (For Physical Characteristics) and Ultimate analysis (For elemental Analysis) were analysed in its ash content, volatile matter (Vm) and fixed carbon (Fc). The net calorific energy stored in solid waste was determined using empirical analysis. The element content like carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) value in the solid wastes are derived from standard value of material and this values was substituted into the “Modified Dulong’s” equation to determine the energy content (GCV) of solid waste. Final estimation of energy output was arrived using Gross Calorific Value (GCV) and Net Calorific Value (NCV).
Stability analysis of Contiguous pile
Authors: Sruthi Madhuri M , Panduranga Rao B 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nowadays in modern construction, large-scale structures with greater heights that need deeper excavation are more popular. At present, the new structures from residential buildings to commercial complexes are keen on adopting basement floors for more underground utilities. These new structures with the need for basements are going for deeper excavation close to the existing buildings surrounding the proposed site of construction. In this case, understanding the behavior of soil profile based on load-bearing capacity, settlement, density, and angle of friction are important to safeguard the adjacent structures from being damaged. Very often deep excavations are supported by pile wall systems. In the literature, it appeared that pile walls are analyzed and designed for active and passive earth pressures. Recent investigations paved the way for my research to consider and implement the contiguous piles based on soil-structure interaction to eradicate soil sliding from the adjacent large buildings during the process of deeper excavation at the worksite. In the present study, the pile is analyzed by considering active and passive earth pressures using Rankine’s theory and Brinch Hansen’s technique respectively. Together with passive earth pressure, horizontal subgrade modulus is also considered using Trezaghi’s concept. With these forces, the stability of the pile is analyzed using the STAAD. Pro software. For parametric study three different pile diameters of 0.45m, 0.6m and 0.9m are considered. Deflections, shear force, and bending moment of the pile are computed. It is inferred that 0.9m diameter pile wall is stable for the given loadings.
Study on use of chemically stabilized native expansive soil as cohesive non-swelling material
Authors: Kethavathu Venkata Naga Laxma Naik , Avineni Thanusree , Chigurupati Sudharani 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The growing infrastructural need requires extensive construction activities in various parts of the world. The problems posed by the expansive soils have caught the attention of the academia and industry at several work sites. Several remedies were suggested by various researchers like replacement of soils, physical, hydraulic & chemical modification of the local problematic soils, inclusion of cushion materials and other reinforcing materials etc. Among the various methods, inclusion of cushion materials under the foundations seemed to be economical and simple. Availability of cohesive non-swelling (CNS) materials to be used as a cushion at some work sites could not be very easy. This study utilizes the local expansive material stabilized with chemical and industrial wastes to prepare a suitable CNS material. Model tank studies with varied thickness of the CNS cushion prepared from this study was placed on the expansive soil were performed to find the efficacy of the CNS material in arresting the heave of the expansive soil. Four cycles of wetting and drying was carried out to check the stability of CNS materials under continuous swelling and shrinking. Results obtained from the model test results indicate that the CNS material prepared from the native expansive soil seem to be an effective CNS material that arrests considerable amount of heave when the thickness of the native CNS material was half of the soil thickness.
Study on Vertical Piles Batter Piles and Pile Groups Under Uplift Load Conditions in Non-Cohesive Sub-soil
Authors: Yadu Laxmikant , Bajaj Pankaj , Premjani Renu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractModel study was carried out in the laboratory to know the effect of uplift loads on vertical piles, batter piles and pile groups. Mild steel piles having 22 mm outer diameter and 1 mm thickness were considered for the study. Different slenderness ratios of 18, 28, and 38 and various angles such as 0°, 15°, 25°, 35°, and 45° were considered for the study. Sand was poured at a fixed relative density in the mild steel tank. The experimental study shows that the pile and pile group attain a maximum value of uplift load capacity when the batter angle reaches to 35°. Further, increase in batter angle causes a reduction in the uplift capacity of the pile. It is also noticed from the experiment that the uplift capacity increases with the slenderness ratio of the pile but its variation is not linear. Pile group of four piles with two vertical piles having L/D ratio 38 and two batter piles of L/D ratio 28 offers same resistance as of the same pile group with all the piles having L/D ratio 38. Numerical modeling was performed using Plaxis-3D to analyse the behavior of vertical piles, batter piles and pile groups under uplift loads. A good correlation between Plaxis-3D results and experimental results was observed.
Trajectory analysis at mid-block section using microscopic simulation
Authors: Pradeep Reddy S. , Naveen kumar C. , Pranavi R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With rapid urbanization, traffic has increased in recent years. For a developing nation, mobility is a key concern. Especially, in rapidly expanding urban areas, vehicle accidents are of great concern. Because of this, it is necessary to pay vital attention to transportation and examine the need for greater geometric design and capacity. To assess road user interactions at a mid-block with heterogeneous traffic complexity, innovative trajectory-based data was used. In order to evaluate microscopic traffic flow parameters under various traffic flow conditions a Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to classify severity grades based on specified indicators which are between generated at two mid-block sections. A vehicle trajectory data for two different mid-block sections using a semi-automated image processing method is generated. The trajectories detected are vehicle ID, vehicle time, speed, longitude, latitude position, flow. From the analysis, microscopic traffic flow parameter like time headway, space headway is estimated by plotting a graph using Linear Regression model. This means that SVM is the best fit model to estimate headway at mid-block section (R2 = 0.86, 0.85) studied. From this study, it is concluded that the obtained value of R2 and goodness of fit measures using trajectory data base is highly acceptable to estimate the headway at mid-block section.
A Laboratory evaluation of RAP modified mixtures for moisture susceptibility
Authors: Durgaakshitha E. , Ramesh A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Preparation of Hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement construction of pavement layers involves in release of harmful gases which affects the environment conditions. The use of natural aggregates for the preparation of HMA is also affecting the natural resources. WMA is one among the technologies for reduction in mixing and compaction temperature RAP has the advantages for the use in partial replacement with natural aggregates in preparation of modified bituminous mix. In this study, it was investigated on usage of polypropylene fibres of 6mm length in Warm mix asphalt with recycled aggregates. For modification of base binder, Sasobit wax compound was added so as to improve the reduce the overall energy consumption and reduction in toxic emission during construction of pavement. The specimens were prepared under analytical gradation method. The main objective of this paper is incorporate the principle of sustainability in pavement construction by the usage of RAP with the inclusion of fibre at four different percentages with an interval 0.1 to know the performance of RAP modified mixtures. In this study, physical properties as well as ageing properties were performed on virgin, modified and RAP binder, specimens were produced for Marshall, Indirect tensile strength (IDT) to determine the moisture susceptibility and volumetric properties. The modified rap mix of 3% WMA of 15% RAP with 0.2% PP fibre and 0.3% rejuvenator, the above mix combination values obtained results has displayed better performance evaluation for moisture resistance with the inclusion of fibre in modified RAP mixes. This study shall provide direction for achieving environmentally friendly pavement technologies.