bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network augmentation for disaster‐resilience against geographically correlated failure
Authors: Andrés‐Thió Nicolau , Brazil Marcus , Ras Charl , Thomas Doreen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe introduce a formal framework for the study of augmenting networks in the plane for disaster‐resilience, where a disaster is modeled by a straight‐line segment. We generalize various graph structures from classical 2‐edge‐connectivity, including minimal cuts and blocks. The key concept that we introduce is that of an ‐leaf, which builds on the fundamental “leaf‐block” concept from classical augmentation. We present a number of algorithms for constructing the above‐mentioned graph structures, including a sweep‐line algorithm that finds all edge‐cuts that can be destroyed by a single disaster. We also present an algorithm which optimally adds a single edge between a pair of ‐leaves or blocks while avoiding certain disaster regions. Finally, we present a number of heuristic schemes for solving the disaster‐resilient network augmentation problem and perform extensive experiments to demonstrate the power of the ‐leaf concept within heuristic design.
Clinical application and evaluation of a new type of tracheal catheter fixation belt
Authors: Niu Fang , Liu Qinghua , Li Xiaohui , Li Xiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate a new fixation band for tracheal catheter in intensive care unit.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 90 patients admitted to the ICU between August 2018–February 2019 were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group (N = 45/per each group). 3 M strong adhesive tape and a new tracheal catheter fixation band were applied to patients in two groups, respectively. The fixation effect, incidence of mucosal pressure injury and nursing cost were evaluated.ResultsForty‐three patients from the experimental group and 42 patients from the control group participated in this study. Mild, moderate and severe catheter dislocation happened in 2, 0, 0 cases in the experimental group, and 6, 3 and 2 cases in the control group, respectively; the difference was statistically significant. The rates of mucosal pressure injury were 4.7% and 21.4%, which was significantly different, and the experiment group had a lower average daily nursing cost related to tracheal intubation.ConclusionsThe new tracheal catheter fixation band, which allows for accurate fixation, is simple to operate, may reduce the incidence of mucosal pressure injury, decrease the nursing cost and improve the patients' comfort in clinical practice.
Exploration of pre‐hospital patient delays in seeking care for symptoms of bacteremia and sepsis: A qualitative study
Authors: Ruffin Felicia , Van Horn Elizabeth , Letvak Susan , Kennedy‐Malone Laurie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimWe explored patient pre‐hospital delays in seeking care for symptoms of bacteremia and sepsis.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsIn January 2021, we recruited a convenience sample of four men and six women who were former patients diagnosed with bacteremia. We conducted semi‐structured interviews by telephone. The tape‐recorded interviews were transcribed, coded and analysed using the Common‐Sense Model of Self‐Regulation. Data analysis continued until May 2021.ResultsThe three main themes included: gathering threads of information, weaving together the threads of information and impact and outcome of the illness. The main finding revealed was that an inability to recognize symptoms of bacteremia resulted in delayed help‐seeking. Participants had difficulty recognizing their symptoms as being related to bacteremia when they lacked experience with infection or could not differentiate them from symptoms of other chronic co‐morbid conditions. Recognizing symptoms and searching for their meaning was an early step in developing an action plan for seeking care. Patient‐reported physical and psychological outcomes of the infection on their quality of life (QOL) varied widely, from none to major impact.
A longitudinal study of disability in activities of daily living and activity restriction‐induced fear of falling among Korean older people
Authors: Jun Seong Sook , Lee Eunyoung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThis study examined the effects of the fear of falling (FOF) alone and fear‐associated activity restriction (FAR) on future activities of daily living (ADL) disability and analysed predictors of ADL disability among community‐dwelling older people with and without FAR.DesignThis prospective study involved secondary data analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging.MethodsWe obtained data from 5074 community‐dwelling older adults. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify the predictors of changes in ADL disability between 2008 and 2018.ResultsCompared with FOF alone, FAR was significantly related to changes in ADL disability. Being older, living with others and having poor self‐rated health status were associated with future ADL disability in participants without FAR. Weakened grip strength and social engagement were associated with future ADL disability in those with FAR. Nurses must consider the impact of FAR on future ADL decline and implement tailored interventions.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Creating ecologically sound buildings by integrating ecology, architecture and computational design
Authors: Weisser Wolfgang W. , Hensel Michael , Barath Shany , Culshaw Victoria , Grobman Yasha J. , Hauck Thomas E. , Joschinski Jens , Ludwig Ferdinand , Mimet Anne , Perini Katia , Roccotiello Enrica , Schloter Michael , Shwartz Assaf , Hensel Defne Sunguroğlu , Vogler Verena 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Research is revealing an increasing number of positive effects of nature for humans. At the same time, biodiversity in cities, where most humans live, is often low or in decline. Tangible solutions are needed to increase urban biodiversity.

Architecture is a key discipline that has considerable influence on the built‐up area of cities, thereby influencing urban biodiversity. In general, architects do not design for biodiversity. Conversely, urban conservation planning generally focuses on the limited space free of buildings and does not embrace architecture as an important discipline for the creation of urban green infrastructure.

In this paper, we argue that the promotion of biodiversity needs to become a key driving force of architectural design. This requires a new multi‐species design paradigm that considers both human and non‐human needs. Such a design approach needs to maintain the standards of the architectural profession, including the aim to increase the well‐being of humans in buildings. Yet, it also needs to add other stakeholders, organisms such as animals, plants and even microbiota. New buildings designed for humans and other inhabitants can then increase biodiversity in cities and also increase the benefits that humans can derive from close proximity to nature.

We review the challenges that this new design approach poses for both architecture and ecology and show that multi‐species‐design goes beyond existing approaches in architecture and ecology. The new design approach needs to make ecological knowledge available to the architectural design process, enabling practitioners to find architectural solutions that can facilitate synergies from a multi‐species perspective.

We propose that a first step in creating such a multi‐species habitat is the design of buildings with an ecolope, a multi criteria‐designed building envelope that takes into account the needs of diverse organisms. Because there is no framework to design such an ecolope, we illustrate how multi‐species design needs to draw on knowledge from ecology, as well as architecture, and design computation.

We discuss how architectures designed via a multi‐species approach can be an important step in establishing beneficial human–nature relationships in cities, and contribute to human well‐being and biodiversity conservation.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
3D‐printable cyclic peptide loaded microporous polymers for antimicrobial wound dressing materials
Authors: Thum Matthew D. , Lu Qin , Stockmaster Kalib T. , Haridas Dhanya , Fears Kenan P. , Balow Robert B. , Lundin Jeffrey G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMultifunctional wound dressings deliver numerous complementary therapeutics in a single, easy‐to‐use material; however, incompatibilities between additives and the inability to control spatial loading (i.e., surface vs. bulk) sometimes complicate material design and inhibit the use of all available beneficial additives. 3D printing affords the capability to fabricate polymeric wound dressings in unique and individually specific morphologies, as well as the ability to control spatial composition of the multifunctional wound dressing to overcome some of the aforementioned shortfalls from traditional material fabrication techniques. We demonstrate 3D printing as a viable tool to place additives from novel class of antimicrobials, cyclic peptides, in a UV curable, and multifunctional (absorbent and hemostatic) microporous polymer. Microscopic and material characterization confirmed loading of cyclic peptide and microporous architecture was unaffected by peptide loading and the extrusion 3D printing process. Cytotoxic evaluations indicate toxicity of peptide additives toward prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and highlight the importance of spatial control afforded by 3D printing. The robustness of high internal phase emulsion templating and 3D printing was confirmed with antimicrobial assays that showed antimicrobial efficacy of the cyclic peptides were maintained and unaffected by polymerization and processing.
Effects of flame retardants containing POC and PC structures on the flame retardant properties of epoxy resin
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Wang Jingming , Zhao Wei , Liu Jia , Long Shijie , Wang Dun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSo far, discussions on the effects of elements on flame retardant properties have been widespread in flame retardant‐related fields, but reports on the effects of specific structures on flame retardant properties are rare. In this work, two novel phosphorus‐nitrogen flame retardants were synthesized from diphenylphosphinyl chloride and diphenyl chlorophosphite. It was proved that the POC structure of the DOAT flame retardant is beneficial to form a more stable carbon layer with high phosphorus content and reduce the total amount of smoke, while the PC structure of DPAT flame retardant is conducive to produce a large amount of phosphorus‐containing substances in the gas phase, while the phosphorus content in the residual carbon is very low. Therefore, the DOAT flame retardant mainly plays a flame retardant role in the condensed phase. The DPAT flame retardant mainly plays a flame retardant role in the gas phase. The flame retardant action mechanism of the combustion process was also investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and Thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG‐IR).
Preparation and characterization of pesticide Fosthiazate‐loaded microcapsules for controlled release system
Authors: Maruyama Takahiro , Ishibashi Yutaka , Sano Mitsuo , Taguchi Yoshinari 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPreparation of Fosthiazate (FTZ)‐loaded microcapsules with controlled release was attempted by the interfacial polymerization using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and triethylenetetramine (TETA) as monomers. The effects of the monomer concentration and the monomer concentration ratio on characteristics of the microcapsules such as size, shell thickness and release behavior in water and in soil were studied. In the study, FTZ was successfully encapsulated into a polyurea resin, and the characterization revealed that the microcapsule shell became thicker proportionally to the applied monomer concentration. The release rate of FTZ from the microcapsules in water was mostly proportional to the ratio of the surface area to the shell thickness of the microcapsules, and the release rate fitted the first‐order kinetic model. On the one hand, when TDI concentration was low or the monomer concentration ratio was high, the release rate was significantly increased owing to the formation of insufficient microcapsule shell and the coarseness of the shell. Moreover, the slower the release rate in water was, the higher residual ratio of FTZ in soil could be maintained. However, it was also observed that the release rate in soil was faster than that in water. It is suggested that the constant replacement of water around the microcapsules accelerated the release rate, or the microcapsule particles migrated through the soil. These results indicated that FTZ‐loaded microcapsules with controlled release were able to be prepared. In addition, basic findings about the relationship and the difference between the release behaviors of FTZ‐loaded microcapsules in water and in soil were obtained.
Continuous effectiveness and safety after a hospital‐wide switch to adalimumab biosimilar: An observational study in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Brouwer Rianne , ten Klooster Peter M. , Masselink Joost B. , Vonkeman Harald E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the maintenance of effect and safety after a hospital‐wide switch for economic reasons from adalimumab originator Humira® to biosimilar Amgevita® in real‐world rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and patient satisfaction with the switch. We conducted a single‐center retrospective observational study of RA patients on the course of their disease activity (DAS28, ESR, and CRP), health‐related quality of life (SF‐36), and functional disability (HAQ‐DI) before and up to 1 year after the switch, supplemented with a cross‐sectional survey on satisfaction and experienced side effects approximately 18 months after the switch. Treatment outcomes were analyzed with linear mixed modeling and generalized estimating equations. Of 52 RA patients sufficient data were available. Disease activity levels, the proportion of patients in remission, and SF‐36 and HAQ‐DI scores did not significantly change from before the switch. Overall, patients were satisfied with the switch. Three patients (7.9%) stopped the biosimilar due to side effects. In conclusion, switching to the adalimumab biosimilar did not result in increased disease activity or worse patient‐reported outcomes. Also, there was no apparent evidence of increased side effects. Patients themselves were mostly satisfied with the switching experience.
Atypical negative pressure pulmonary edema after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy forCOVID‐19
Authors: Suzuki Yu , Ogoshi Takaaki , Taura Yusuke , Oda Shiori , Uchiyama Daiji , Ueda Hiroyuki , Yatera Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2022

Key messageNPPE imaging findings were reported to show a preferential central and nondependent distribution. However, in our case, NPPE showed a peripheral accent pattern, resembling the ARDS pattern of COVID‐19 pneumonia 4 months ago. Capillary damage from COVID‐19 might still exist.
The discovery of the implicit pupil‐teacher social contract
Authors: Looker Benjamin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe study takes a critical realist grounded theory approach to explore the intersection of pupil‐teacher relationships and school alienation using experiences of secondary school pupils and teachers. Qualitative data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with both pupils and teachers. Participants' perceptions and experiences were explored, both positive and negative, to develop an understanding of the perspectives of both actors in reciprocal relationships. The methodological framework for this grounded theory diverges from the popular constructivist design and is, instead, influenced by the classic approach. It is developed to be situated in a critical realist philosophy, emphasising the importance of the emancipatory goal of critical realism. Analysis of the data identified that alienated pupils frequently have difficult relationships with their teachers and discovered a subgroup of pupils who experienced more extreme forms of alienation. An implicit pupil‐teacher social contract is presented, describing the emergence of observable actions through the causative mechanism inherent to critical realism. The social contract rests upon the concepts of mutual respect and power. When a pupil believes the contract to have been breached, through the perceived violation of one of these concepts, pupil‐teacher relationships begin to deteriorate.
Finite‐time adaptive fault‐tolerant control for output‐constrained interconnected systems with unknown control coefficients
Authors: Hu Shenglin , Liang Hongjing , Xue Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article studies the adaptive finite‐time tracking control problem for a class of output‐constrained nonlinear interconnected systems with unknown actuator faults and parametric uncertainties. By integrating the lower bounds of unknown virtual control coefficients into the Lyapunov functions design, an adaptive control strategy is proposed on the basis of adaptive estimations and some smooth functions, which make the controller effectively compensate the effects of unknown virtual control coefficients, unknown interconnected terms, and other uncertain nonlinear functions. Besides, the controller can also compensate the effect of actuator faults by fusing a two‐step design method into the backstepping design framework. Simultaneously, in view of the output constraint requirements, a barrier Lyapunov function is introduced, and it is a more general one that can reckon with time‐varying asymmetric output constraints. Furthermore, in light of the finite‐time stability criterion, all the signals of system are bounded and the tracking performance can be guaranteed in a finite time. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by some simulation results.
Successive lag synchronization of nonlinear stochastic networks with arbitrary structure via pinning control
Authors: Li Kezan , Wang Mengchen , Yang Qi , Qin Yi , Zhang Haifeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article, a new nonlinear stochastic network with arbitrary structure and noise is proposed for realizing the successive lag synchronization (SLS). Both the constant and adaptive pinning control laws are designed respectively to regulate the SLS to desired chaotic states, where the network structure can be directed, weighted, time‐varying and even not strongly connected. Several sufficient conditions for guaranteeing the stochastic asymptotic stability of SLS are derived by means of the Lyapunov stability theory. First, we demonstrate that the pinned nodes can be fixed via 1‐dimensional inequalities, which explicitly provide how many nodes and which nodes should be controlled. Besides, those connections from a node with a given number to other nodes with smaller numbers will lead to the increase of pinned nodes. Second, our results indicate that, in order to make the SLS stable the coupling strength must belong to a bounded interval for both the pinning control schemes. Finally, we conclude that strong noise perturbation will lead to the increase of pinned nodes and even break the SLS. The theoretical results are validated with different numerical examples by embedding the chaotic Chua's circuit to each node.
Synthesis of Yttrium‐Doped Copper Ferrite Spinel Nanoparticles by Means of a Solid‐State Reaction: An Efficient Nanocatalyst for Click and Pechmann Reactions
Authors: Moeini Nima , Alemi Abdolali , Rezvani Zolfaghar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSpinel metal ferrite (MFe2O4) nanoparticles have specifically received research interests in numerous fields because of their exclusive physical and chemical properties. Based on the type and amount of rare earth elements used, the addition of a small number of rare‐earth ions to a ferrite sample changed its electrical, magnetic, and structural properties, Through the present research, new efficient and low‐cost CuFe2‐xYxO4 nanoparticles where x: 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 were designed, synthesized and applied for click and pechmann reactions. The resulting magnetic nanomaterial was characterized using different techniques such as field FE‐SEM, EDS, FT‐IR, PL, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, PL, UV‐Vis, and VSM. The uniform distribution of yttrium and copper ions in the structure improves the catalytic properties. The catalytic efficiency did not decreased with reusable nanocatalyst for the triazole derivatives (82–97 %) and coumarin derivatives (88–97 %).
Direct Observation of Cell‐sized Liposomes Containing a Functional Polyphenol Procyanidin B2 from Apple
Authors: Yoda Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on procyanidins, which are functional polyphenols from apple. Procyanidin B2 (PB2), a known procyanidin dimer, is the standard procyanidin compound. PB2 stimulates the lipid metabolic pathway by preventing lipid absorbance. Here, the interaction between PB2 and the lipid membrane of cell‐sized liposomes was investigated. The study found that adding PB2 to the cell‐sized liposomes increased the liposome size and changed their fluidity. Therefore, the possibility of procyanidin improving lipid absorbance through the transformation of the membrane receptors or channel activity was discussed.