bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple and sensitive HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of macrocyclic spermidine alkaloids in root, stem and leaf of Tripterygium wilfordii
Authors: Zhang Liang , Xu Weiwei , Jiang Hongxia , Liu Jianqun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThere has been a lively interest on macrocyclic polyamine alkaloids due to their remarkable pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer's disease and anti-parasitic. Tripterygium wilfordii is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, which is abundant in alkaloids including macrocyclic polyamine alkaloids. However, there are rarely studies on macrocyclic spermidine alkaloids of T. wilfordii so far. In this article, we use three known macrocyclic spermidine alkaloids celafurine, celabenzine and celacinnine, and successfully develop a simple and sensitive HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of macrocyclic spermidine alkaloids in root, stem and leaf of T. wilfordii.
Simultaneous densitometric determination of β-sitosterol and lupeol through validated HPTLC method in different plant parts of Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC. – A dashmool species
Authors: Saxena Hari Om , Parihar Samiksha , Pawar Ganesh , Rao G. Rajeshwar 
Published: March 2022

Abstractβ-sitosterol (BS) and lupeol (LU) exhibit a number of biological activities and are the important bioactive marker compounds in pharmaceutical science. In the present study, a simple, precise, accurate and validated high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed for simultaneous quantification of these two compounds in leaves, stem and roots of Uraria picta, a critically endangered medicinal plant and one of the important constituents of ten plants ayurvedic formulation called Dashmoola. Standards and test samples were applied on TLC aluminum plate precoated with 0.2 mm layer of silica gel 60F254. The plate was run in a twin glass chamber comprising toluene: methanol: chloroform (8:1:1, v/v/v) as a mobile phase. The plates were immersed in anisaldehyde-sulfuric reagent and then heated at 105 °C for 5 min in CAMAG TLC plate heater for appearance of bands. Densitometric scanning was performed at λmax = 525 nm using tungsten light source in CAMAG TLC Scanner4 armed with WinCATS software. RF values of BS and LU standards and those of test samples were found to be 0.53 ± 0.01 and 0.63 ± 0.01 respectively. The method was further validated by following the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. For BS and LU, the linear regression data for the calibration plots revealed a satisfactory linear association with r2 = 0.995 and 0.998, respectively. Linear range for both BS and LU was 200–600 ng/band. Accuracy of the method was evaluated by performing recovery study at three different levels by standard addition methods with an average recovery of 99.86% and 101.07%. The results revealed that the leaf samples of U. picta contained highest concentration of BS (0.150 ± 0.02%) while its root samples confined the highest concentration of LU (0.149 ± 0.01%). The developed method can be applied for routine and quality control analysis in different herbal formulations containing U. picta species.
Mejora del comportamiento productivo de cerdos en crecimiento-finalización por consumo de aditivo líquido de levaduras
Authors: Díaz-Plascencia Daniel , Ordóñez-Baquera Perla Lucía , Mancillas-Flores Pablo Fidel , Gallegos-Jiménez Juan Carlos , Villarreal-Balderrama José Alfredo , Espinoza-Prieto José Roberto , Martínez-Yáñez Rosario 
Published: March 2022

Se evaluó un aditivo líquido de levadura (ALL) de manzana sobre el comportamiento productivo de cerdos en etapa de crecimientofinalización. Se probaron cuatro niveles de ALL kg−1 de alimento de la dieta: 0 mL kg−1 (T1: control), 50 mL kg−1 (T2), 100 mL kg−1 (T3) y 150 mL kg−1 (T4). Se utilizaron 24 cerdos con una edad promedio de 30 días y un peso inicial promedio de 28.170 ± 3.6 kg. Las variables evaluadas fueron: peso vivo (PV), consumo diario de alimento (CDA), ganancia diaria de peso (GDP) y conversión alimenticia (CA). Se realizó un análisis univariado para detectar diferencias estadísticas entre tratamientos utilizando un nivel de confianza de un α = 0.05. El T3 fue mejor (P < 0.05) para PV, GDP, CDA y CA. Se concluye que la adición de 100 mL de ALL por kg de alimento en la dieta de crecimiento-finalización de cerdos mejora su respuesta productiva.
Azúcares totales solubles en Carya illinoinensis, balance entre etapas fenológicas clave
Authors: Concilco-Alberto Ernesto , Valenzuela-Núñez Luis Manuel , González-Torres Anselmo , Briceño-Contreras Edwin Amir , García-De la Peña Cristina , Reyes-Carrillo José Luis 
Published: March 2022

Los azúcares totales solubles (ATS) son carbohidratos imprescindibles para el crecimiento, metabolismo y en mecanismos de supervivencia ante el estrés a que se enfrentan especies caducifolias. El objetivo fue cuantificar los AST en Carya illinoinensis ‘Western’ en diferentes órganos y etapas fenológicas, para conocer el comportamiento de dichas reservas en etapas clave del crecimiento. Las muestras fueron obtenidas de árboles durante la vernalización, diferenciación de yemas y floración. Las concentraciones de ATS de raíz, tallo, rama, vástago, hoja y fruto, se determinaron mediante espectrofotometría. Se detectaron diferencias en la concentración de ATS entre órganos y etapas fenológicas con diferencias estadísticas significativas en tallo, rama y vástago; presentado los mayores valores en la vernalización y diferenciación de yemas. La raíz fué donde se concentraron en mayor proporción los ATS, manteniendose disponibles durante todo el ciclo de producción.
Especies de Pythium aisladas de aguas de uso agrícola en Culiacán, Sinaloa
Authors: Cárdenas-Rodríguez Josué , Ayala-Tafoya Felipe , Yañez-Juarez Moises Gilberto , López-Orona Carlos Alfonso , Romero- Gómez Sergio de Jesús 
Published: March 2022

Los Oomycetes son un grupo de organismos que alberga géneros y especies destructivas de plantas cultivadas y silvestres. En México, especialmente en el Estado Sinaloa, la información sobre esos organismos y su presencia en aguas superficiales empleadas para el uso agrícola es escasa. Esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de determinar la presencia de especies del género Pythium en aguas empleadas para la irrigación agrícola en el Valle de Culiacán, Sinaloa, México. De septiembre de 2018 a enero de 2019, en 39 puntos de muestreo (presas, ríos, canales y estanques de almacenamiento de agua para uso agrícola), se colocaron trampas flotantes con frutos de pera, empleados como frutos-ebo. De los sitios muestreados, se obtuvieron cinco aislados pertenecientes al género Pythium, los cuales fueron identificados mediante características morfológicas, extracción y secuenciación de ácidos nucleicos; además, se determinó su patogenicidad a plantas y frutos de tomate, chile y pepino. Los resultados determinaron la presencia de Pythium aphanidermatum, P. pachycaule y P. torulosum, los cuales resultaron patogénicos a plantas y frutos de tomate, chile y pepino.
Comportamiento agronómico de 81 genotipos de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) en el Perú
Authors: Estrada-Zúniga Rigoberto , Apaza-Mamani Vidal , Pérez-Ávila Angel , Altamirano-Pérez Ana , Neyra-Valdez Edgar 
Published: March 2022

La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) es consumida a nivel mundial debido a su composición nutricional. Es importante conocer las características agronómicas que se ven influenciadas por las condiciones edafoclimáticas y evaluar el comportamiento agronómico de 81 genotipos de quinua del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) sembradas en las localidades de Cusco, Puno, Ayacucho y Junín, bajo un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar, con tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron las variables: altura de planta, diámetro de panoja, longitud de panoja, rendimiento, severidad de infección de mildiu (Peronospora farinosa) e índice de selección (IS), en siembras del 2017 y 2018. La comparación de medias se realizó mediante la prueba de Tukey, análisis de conglomerados, componentes principales, correlación de Pearson y la evaluación del índice de selección para identificar la adaptación de los genotipos. Los resultados mostraron que la siembra del 2018 tuvo los mayores rendimientos. El análisis de conglomerados encontró la formación de tres grupos, donde el grupo tres mostró las mejores características en rendimiento, altura de planta, diámetro y longitud de panoja. El análisis de componentes principales mostró correlaciones positivas entre variables altura de planta, diámetro y longitud de panoja. Más del 45% de los tratamientos mostraron un índice de selección mayor a uno y se identificaron 16 genotipos con nivel bajo de severidad de infección a mildiu. Las localidades de Cusco y Puno reportaron el mejor comportamiento agronómico para los 81 genotipos.
Preoperative Antibiotics Influence Culture Yield in the Treatment of Hand, Wrist, and Forearm Infections
Authors: Dutton Lauren K. , Hinchcliff Katharine M. , Logli Anthony L. , Mallett Katherine E. , Suh Gina A. , Rizzo Marco 
Published: March 2022

Background:
When treating upper-extremity infections, clinicians frequently must decide whether to initiate antibiotics or delay them with the goal of optimizing culture yield at the time of surgical debridement. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the administration of preoperative antibiotics affects intraoperative culture yield and whether there is a “safe” interval prior to culture acquisition within which antibiotics can be administered without affecting culture yield.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of 470 consecutive patients who underwent debridement for a presumed acute infection of the hand, wrist, or forearm at a single tertiary care center between January 2015 and May 2020. Data including patient demographics, mechanism of infection and affected body part(s), and details of antibiotic administration, including type and timing with respect to culture acquisition, were collected.

Results:
Three hundred and forty-one patients (73%) received preoperative antibiotics prior to debridement and culture acquisition. The rate of positive cultures among patients who received preoperative antibiotics was 81% compared with 95% among patients who did not receive preoperative antibiotics (p < 0.01; odds ratio, 4.73). Even a single dose of antibiotics imparted a significantly increased risk of obtaining negative intraoperative cultures, and an incremental increase in the likelihood of obtaining negative cultures was seen with each preoperative dose given up to 7 doses. We did not identify a “safe” interval of time between antibiotic administration and culture acquisition such that culture yield was not affected.

Conclusions:
Patients who received preoperative antibiotics for the treatment of upper-extremity infections were approximately 5 times more likely to have negative cultures at the time of debridement than those who did not receive preoperative antibiotics. This effect persisted regardless of the number of doses given or the interval between antibiotic administration and culture acquisition.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Basic and Associated Granitoid Magmatism and Geodynamic Evolution of the Altai Accretion–Collision System (Eastern Kazakhstan)
Authors: Khromykh S.V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
—The paper summarizes the results of study of the geologic position, composition, and age of basic igneous associations in Eastern Kazakhstan during the late Paleozoic (Carboniferous–Permian). At that time, the Altai accretion–collision system was developed here, which resulted from the interaction of the Siberian and Kazakhstan paleocontinents. The performed studies made it possible to establish three major stages of basic magmatism, corresponding to different stages of evolution of the collision system: early Carboniferous, late Carboniferous, and early Permian. The chemical composition of ultrabasic-basic associations changed, with a successive increase in the contents of K2O, P2O5, TiO2, LREE, Rb, Ba, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta. The variations in magma compositions were determined by different compositions of mantle sources (harzburgites, spinel lherzolites, and garnet lherzolites) and different degrees of their melting. The early Permian ultrabasic-basic associations are the most enriched in TiO2 and incompatible components (P2O5, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta), which indicates the involvement of relatively enriched mantle sources in the partial melting. All manifestations of mantle magmatism were accompanied by subsynchronous crustal magmatism (granitoid intrusions or silicic volcanics). The major crustal magmatism was manifested in the early Permian; the area of its occurrence was dozens of times larger than the area of Carboniferous crustal magmatism. Possible geodynamic scenarios for magmatism are considered for each stage. The early Carboniferous (C1s) magmatism of the early orogeny stage was manifested locally and was the result of the detachment of the subducting lithosphere (slab) beneath the margin of the Kazakhstan continent. The middle Carboniferous (C2m) magmatism of the late orogeny stage was manifested throughout the area; it was caused by the activation of shear–extension motions along large faults and the orogen collapse. The early Permian magmatism was the result of the interaction of the Tarim mantle plume with the lithosphere, which comprised three stages: initial interaction, maximum interaction, and relaxation. This magmatism in the study area was caused by a combination of thermal disturbance in the upper mantle and the lithosphere extension processes.
Stages of Formation of the South Altai Metamorphic Belt (Central Asia)
Authors: Kozakov I.K. , Sal’nikova E.B. , Ivanova A.A. , Plotkina Yu.V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
—The Hercynian mobile belts in Central Asia include the proper Hercynian and late Hercynian (Indo-Sinian) belts, whose formation is associated with the evolution of the South and Inner Mongolian basins with oceanic crust. Within the South Altai metamorphic belt (SAMB), rock complexes compose tectonic slivers of different ranks. At the early stages, their metamorphic alteration occurred under conditions of the high-temperature subfacies of the amphibolite and, in places, granulite facies. Structurally, the band of the outcrop of these complexes is confined to the Caledonian North Asian continental margin and stretches along the southern slope of the Gobi–Mongolian–Chinese Altay Mountains from southeast to northwest (East Kazakhstan), where they occur in the Irtysh strike-slip zone. We assign these complexes to the Hercynian SAMB running for more than 1500 km. The latter comprises poly- and monometamorphic complexes. Late metamorphic granitoids of the Tseel tectonic sliver (Gobi Altay) in the southeast of the SAMB have been dated at 374 ± 2 and 360 ± 5 Ma. The previous data and these results show that the early (~390–385 Ma) low-pressure and late (375–360 Ma) high-pressure metamorphism proceeded almost along the entire belt. The interval between them was a short tectonic lull. These processes took place during the closure of a Tethyan basin of the South Mongolian Ocean (Paleo-Tethys I). The spatial position of the SAMB was controlled by the structural asymmetry of the basin, with an active continental margin at its northern edge and a passive one at the southern edge (in the present-day coordinates).
Geological Aspects of Energy and Environmental-Safety Problems in the Caspian Region
Authors: Volozh Yu.A. , Gogonenkov G.N. , Guliev I.S. , Dmitrievsky A.N. , Kuandykov B.M. , Miletenko N.V. , Petrov O.V. , Fedonkin M.A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
— The paper considers the geologic structure of the region and the current problems and prospects for the development of its energy potential and environmental safety. We provide grounds for the necessity of integrated projects aimed at studying the deep structure of the Caspian region as a single object by its five coastal states: Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan. The proposed Geokhazar project is aimed at obtaining the lacking parametric geological and geophysical information about the deep subsurface structure of the water area of a sedimentary basin in the unique intracontinental catchment of the Earth. The project provides for the development of a universal prospecting concept taking into account the emplacement and conservation of hydrocarbon fields under severe thermobaric conditions at great depths and the absence of regionally consistent drainage systems; the determination of the factors influencing the nature of long- and medium-frequency eustatic fluctuations in the Caspian Sea level; and the assessment of the energy (geothermal and hydrocarbon) resources of the deep subsurface in the Caspian, cis-Caucasian–Mangyshlak, and South Caspian oil and gas provinces.
Coreflood Tests to Evaluate Enhanced Oil Recovery Potential of Wettability-Altering Surfactants for Oil-Wet Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Shi Yue , Mohanty Kishore , Panda Manmath 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Oil-wetness and heterogeneity are two main factors that result in low oil recovery (OR) by waterflood in carbonate reservoirs. The injected water is likely to flow through high-permeability regions and bypass the oil in the low-permeability matrix. In this study, systematic coreflood tests were carried out in both “homogeneous” cores and “heterogeneous” cores with a wettability-altering surfactant. The homogeneous coreflood tests were conducted to evaluate surfactant retention, as well as to compare tertiary surfactant flooding with secondary surfactant flooding. The heterogeneous coreflood test was proposed to model bypassing in low-permeability matrix during waterfloods, and dynamic imbibition of surfactant into the low-permeability matrix. Surfactant retention results suggest that retention increases as initial oil saturation decreases. The retention of selected surfactant in the target reservoir cores was measured to be within a range of 0.07–0.12 mg/g-rock, which is economically acceptable. The results of homogeneous coreflood tests showed that both secondary waterflood and secondary surfactant flood can achieve high OR (&gt;50%) from relatively homogeneous oil-wet cores. A shut-in phase after the surfactant injection resulted in a surge in oil production, which suggests that enough time should be given for wettability alteration by surfactants. The results of heterogeneous coreflood tests showed that more oil is bypassed in the tighter matrix by waterflood if the permeability is higher in the flooded layer and this bypassed oil is the target for the wettability-altering surfactant floods. Slow wettability-altering surfactant injection leads to imbibition into bypassed regions. When the oil-wet carbonate reservoirs have large unswept regions after waterflood, wettability-altering surfactants can significantly improve OR if enough time is given for imbibition.
A New Method for Designing the Bridging Particle Size Distribution for Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Zhou Yu , Qu Long , Wang Yue , Zhang Shenshen 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Possessing a strong heterogeneity of fracture space; fractures, in carbonate reservoirs are well developed. Because of the frequent occurrence of lost circulation during the drilling procedure, the matching of the particle-size distribution (PSD), which is the plugging material with the fracture space, becomes the key to forming bridges and improving plugging capacity.
To improve the matching between the PSD and the crack width, the surface response optimization method is adopted to determine the optimal PSD (OPSD) of lost circulation materials (LCMs) and plot the effective plugging data points in the ternary diagram. To simulate the multiscale fracture distribution in a wellbore, a multislit plate plugging apparatus (PPA) is used to evaluate the leakage of plugging materials with different PSDs.
The PSD test results show that the OPSD has a multipeak structure, which is conducive to plugging cracks of different sizes. Compared with the ideal packing theory, this method, conducive to the later removal of the plugging material and recovery of carbonate reservoir productivity, is more applicable to fractured carbonate reservoirs and testing the involving oil, also to estimate the acid dissolution of the plugging layer, which shows that the dissolution percentage of the plugging layer is 95.9%. Hence, it is able to achieve the reservoir protection effect.
The field application indicates that the new method possesses the capability to effectively prevent the leakage of small- and medium-sized fractures in carbonate reservoirs, which ensures safe and effective drilling.
Electric Gap Characterization at Mesoscopic Scale with Scanning Probe Microscopy
Authors: Li Dian , Wang Xiong , Mo Xiaoyong , Tse Edmund , Cui Xiaodong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We develop a scanning probe microscopic technique to characterize the electric gap with a spatial resolution of nanometre scale. The technique probes the electric gap by monitoring the change of the local quantum capacitance via the Coulomb force at the mesoscopic scale. We showcase this technique on several 2D semiconductors and van der Waals heterostructures at ambient conditions.
Water consumption forecasting models – a case study in Trinidad (Trinidad and Tobago)
Authors: Rajballie Aruna , Tripathi Vrijesh , Chinchamee Amarnath 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Trinidad has undergone rapid urbanization over the past few decades. Urbanization is accompanied with an increase in the country's demand for water. The forecasting of water demand can give rise to a better understanding of water consumption behaviour across all sectors of economy and therefore aid in effective water demand management. This study compares the application of the seasonal ARIMA, exponential state space (ETS) models, artificial neural network (ANN) models and hybrid combinations of them in developing forecast models for all categories of water consumption for Trinidad. The best forecasting model was selected using the forecasting assessment criterion of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The forecasts were conducted until the end of December 2021. The results of the study show that hybrid model combinations are adequate in forecasting four out of the five categories and the single model, SARIMA, has been found suitable for the domestic category. Forecast plots revealed an increase in water demand until the end of 2021. The study also demonstrates the suitability of hybrid models for forecasting water demand for the island of Trinidad.
Accounting Quality and Household Stock Market Participation
Authors: Huang Shawn X. , Kim Min 
Published: March 2022

SYNOPSIS
Recent research documents that there is significant variation in stock market participation by state and suggests that there may be state-specific factors that determine stock market participation of U.S. households. Using household survey data, we examine how state-level, public-company accounting quality affects households’ stock market participation decisions. We find that households residing in states where local public companies have better accounting quality are more likely to invest in stocks. Also, those households invest greater amounts of their wealth in the stock market. Furthermore, we present some evidence that accounting quality affects stock market participation through local press coverage. Additional cross-sectional tests show that the effect of accounting quality on stock market participation is more pronounced among less affluent and less educated households, consistent with prior findings that familiarity with and trust in the stock market are more important for those types of households to make stock investments.
JEL Classifications: D14; G11; M41.