bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrate and Nitrite Levels in Fresh Spinach as Influenced by Postharvest Temperatures1
Authors: Aworh Ogugua C. , Brecht Patrick E. , Minotti Peter L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Various postharvest temperature-time combinations on nitrate-nitrite conversion in fresh spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were investigated. At 0°C spinach could be held as long as 40 days without significant changes in these nitrogen components. Substantial loss of nitrate-N and accumulation of nitrite-N occurred in spinach held for 3 to 7 days at 20°. Simulated transit periods of 2 weeks at 0 and 5° and simulated marketing periods of 3 days at 10° were imposed separately and in sequence to spinach in pretransit storage for 15 hours at 21° or to spinach without a pretransit storage period. Accumulations of nitrite-N exceeding 2 ppm fresh weight were found only if the simulated transit period was 5°. In this instance pre- and posttransit storage further increased nitrite accumulation. Nitrite-N levels exceeding 10 ppm were found only in visibly decayed samples.
Influence of plant spacing on yield of muscadine grape
Authors: Brightwell W. T. , Austin M. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the paper entitled, Influence of plant spacing on yield of muscadine grape by W. T. Brightwell and M. E. Austin (J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 100(4):374-376, 1975), the figure in Table 2, Year 1955, 20.1 square meters, 435 plants/ha should read 9.8a instead of 26.8a and the avg for the same column should read 29.0ab instead of 29.6ab.
Soil Preparation Effects on Compaction, Carrot Yield, and Root Characteristics in Organic Soil1
Authors: White J. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rolling organic soil after plowing and drag disking resulted in significantly lower marketable yields, more forks (branching) and less stubbed (premature blunting resulting in an unmarketable root) carrots (Daucus carota L.) than not rolling. Using a rotary tiller before bedding had no significant effect on yield or other characteristics measured. Bed making with a tilrovator or bed shaper did not significantly affect yield, root length, number of forked, crooked or split carrot roots. Compaction, as measured with a penetrometer, did not have a linear relationship between the eight tillage treatments used in preparing beds and any of the root characteristics measured such as yield, length or number of misshapen roots.
Cold Hardening ‘Valencia’ Orange Trees to Tolerate −6.7°C Without Injury1
Authors: Yelenosky G. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Potted citrus trees, 1-yr-old ‘Valencia’ orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) on 1.5-yr-old Rusk citrange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata) rootstocks were maintained for 6 consecutive 7-day periods in a controlled environment to induce cold hardiness with cold-hardening temperatures 10 ± 1°C, illumination 500 μeinsteins/m2 per sec (photosynthetically active radiation = PAR), relative humidity, 60 ± 5%. Trees progressively cold hardened as a result of the above conditions and, after 5 weeks, would tolerate −6.7° for 4 hours without apparent injury. Leaves sustained injury up to 5 weeks and stems up to 3 weeks of cold hardening. Solutes increased most rapidly in leaves during the first week as a result of carbohydrate accumulation.
Proline, glutamic acid and valine increased, whereas other amino acids decreased. Water potentials in the leaves of hardened trees averaged −19.5 bars after 6 weeks of cold hardening compared to −5 bars in leaves of unhardened trees.
Growth and Development of Highbush Blueberry. II. Reproductive Growth, Histological Studies1
Authors: Gough R. E. , Shutak V. G. , Hauke R. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Flower bud ontogeny was similar in plants of high bush blueberry (Viccinium corymbosum Ait.) grown under normal conditions and under treatment with 5000 ppm succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide) sprays.
Ozone Susceptibility of Ten Azalea Cultivars as Related to Stomatal Frequency or Conductance1
Authors: Gesalman C. M. , Davis D. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ten cultivars of azalea (Rhododendron sp.) were exposed to 0.30 ± 0.05 ppm ozone (590 ±100 μg/m3) for 8 hours at various times during the summer. ‘Louise Gable,’ ‘Delaware Valley White’ and ‘Rose Greeley’ were significantly more susceptible than were ‘Stewartstonian,’ ‘Fedora,’ ‘Orange Beauty,’ ‘Hino-crimson,’ ‘Hershey Pink,’ ‘Rosebud,’ and ‘Springfield Crimson.’ Neither rate of gas exchange nor stomatal frequency was correlated with degree of visible injury induced by ozone.
Pollination Effects on Fruit and Seed Development in ‘Comice’ Pear1
Authors: Callan Nancy W. , Lombard Porter B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cross-pollination increased fruit set, fruit size and seed content of ‘Cornice’ pear (Pyrus communis L.) in 3 large orchards without pollenizers. Supplemental self-pollination was equivalent to open pollination in its effect on fruit set and size. Low female fertility of ‘Comice’ could not be accounted for by early ovule degeneration or frost injury. Pollen transfer by bees was observed to be low in 2 orchards, with 36 and 41% of seedless fruit the result of open pollination. In comparison, only 6% of open-pollinated fruit were seedless in the orchard of greatest bee activity. Seedlessness was due to seed abortion during early fruit development. Classification of aborted seeds as to size at time of abortion revealed that in most fruits a minimal amount of seed growth occurs, although fruit retention does not require the presence of fully developed seeds. Fruit size was positively correlated with seed content, although this relationship was less pronounced in fruits with high seed count. The importance of seed development before abortion and of fully developed seeds in fruit set as well as fruit size is shown.
Distinguishing Rose Cultivars by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. II. Isoenzyme Variation Among Cultivars1
Authors: Kuhns Larry J. , Fretz Thomas A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Protein and active enzymes were extracted from leaves of 8 rose cultivars. Extracts were run on polyacrylamide gels and stained for total protein, peroxidase, esterase, malate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, phenoloxidase, and polyphenoloxidase. Three leaf positions on each cultivar were sampled in an attempt to determine a sampling standard. Because of differences in growth habit among the cultivars, and different optimum locations for the enzymes, a standard location could not be set. Banding data were tabulated and used to prepare coefficient of similarity values and flow charts showing separations. All cultivars could be distinguished by differences in their enzyme banding patterns if results from several systems were employed.
Comparative Crossability of 4 Diploid Vaccinium Species1
Authors: Ballington James R. , Galletta Gene J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The comparative self-compatibility, intra-, and interspecific crossability of representative clones of V. atrococcum (Gray) Heller, V. caesariense Mackenzie, V. darrowi Camp, and V. tenellum Aiton was determined. The number of germinated seeds and number of vigorous seedlings proved to be the best criteria for evaluation of crossability. The 4 species were largely self-incompatible. Generally, intraspecific and interspecific crossability levels were singificantly higher than those of the self-pollinations. Interspecific crossability was significantly lower than intraspecific crossability. Crossability levels within species and the range in crossability in individual combinations among species were extremely variable. Although F1 hybrids were produced in each of the 6 species hybridizations attempted, the rate of success was highly variable, and the direction in which the cross was made was usually critical. Specific combining ability was considerably more important than general combining ability in achieving species hybridizations. The hypothesis of complete homoploid interfertility in Vaccinium was not valid for these 4 species. The ranking of species crossability (number of vigorous seedlings per 100 pollinations) from highest to lowest was: V. atrococcum – V. caesariense, V. atrococcum – V. darrowi, V. darrowi – V. tenellum, V. caesariense – V. tenellum, V. caesariense – V. darrowi, and V. atrococcum – V. tenellum.
Xylem Water Potential and Electrical Impedance Ratios as Measures of Vegetative Maturity in Red-osier Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera Michx.)1
Authors: Nissila P. C. , Fuchigami L. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Xylem water potential (XWP) and electrical impedance ratios were used to determine the time of vegetative maturity in red-osier dogwood (Cornus stolonifera Michx.) grown under 2 temperature and a short-day dormancy inducing regime in growth chambers and a lathhouse under natural conditions. The decline in XWP correlated with the development of vegetative maturity as measured by tip dieback after defoliation. Under growth chamber conditions, average XWP values reached a minimum at the time of vegetative maturity. In all cases, however, variability within samples was so large as to preclude the use of XWP as an accurate, reliable index of vegetative maturity. A change in electrical impedance ratios at and after vegetative maturity caused the impedance meter to go “off scale.” Compared with XWP values, changes in electrical impedance ratios were more consistent and show promise in predicting vegetative maturity.
Modification of Apple Quality by High Temperature1
Authors: Liu F. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
High temperature (40°C) for 2 and 4 days lowered the acidity of 4 cultivars of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). The preheated fruit was firmer than the control during 2 to 4 weeks of holding at 21°. The treatment also accelerated the loss of chlorophyll from the fruit skin. The soluble solid content of the fruit was not affected. Apples after the heat treatment had a normal respiratory climacteric and normal ethylene production rates. Some feasibility of applying high temperature to improve apple quality seems to exist.
Low Pressure and Refrigerated Storage of Rooted and Unrooted Ornamental Cuttings1
Authors: Eisenberg Barry A. , Staby George L. , Fretz Thomas A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Rooted and unrooted cuttings of geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum, Bailey cv. Irene), poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima, Wild cv. Annette Hegg Dark Red), tallhedge buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula L. cv. Columnaris), Regel's privet (Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. & Zuce. cv. Regelianum), and compact European cranberrybush viburnum (Viburnum opulus L. compactum), were stored up to 9 weeks using low pressure (LP) and refrigerated (RF) storage systems at 1.1 to 2.2°C with 95% relative humidity except for the poinsettia and geranium cuttings which were stored at 5±.5°C. Low pressure storage extended the storage life of rooted geranium and poinsettia cuttings 2 weeks beyond that achieved with RF storage. Unrooted geranium and poinsettia cuttings had 2 week and 4 day longer storage periods, with LP than RF storage, respectively. Unrooted compact European cranberry bush viburnum, Regel's privet, and tallhedge buckthorn cuttings stored 6 weeks using LP storage were superior to RF storage. Regardless of treatment, quality of all stored plant materials decreased with increased time in storage.
Compatability of Cabbage, Carrots, and Apples in Low Pressure Storage1
Authors: McKeown A. W. , Lougheed E. C. , Murr D. P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata, cv. Quick Green Storage) and carrots (Daucus carota L., Nantes type) were stored successfully in low pressure storage (LPS) at 50-60 Torr and 1° and 5°C with ‘Delicious’ apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.). LPS conditions minimized the effect of the ethylene produced by the apples on leaf senescence and abscission of cabbage, and formation of a bitter flavor in carrots.
Deuterium-enriched Water Used to Show Absence of Water Movement in Thuja at Subfreezing Temperatures1
Authors: Pellett Harold M. , Carter John V. , Hummel Rita L. , Parsons Lawrence R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Water uptake and movement in Thuja occidentalis pyramidalis Hort, during periods when soil was frozen were examined by use of deuterium as a tracer. Plants in containers were buried to the soil line and electric heating cables were placed below the pots. Deuterated water was added through access tubes when the soil was warmed above 0°C. The amount of deuterium tracer in the foliage was analysed with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Using this technique, it was found that no water moved from the roots to the foliage when the soil was frozen. When the soil temperature was raised above 0°C, tissue deuterium content increased 7 to 10 fold.
Chrysanthemum Growth at Cool Night Temperature1
Authors: Parups E. V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Twenty-six cultivars of chrysanthemum (Chrusanthemum morifolium Ramat.) of the standard, pot-, or spray- type were grown in greenhouses at an 8 hour short-day and a night temperature of either 15.S°C, or a split temperature of 15.5° from 1600 until 2400 and 10° from 2400 until 0800, The day temperature was kept at 22° on sunny and 18° on cloudy days. Additional light (about 3000 lx) was provided for one half of the plants in each temperature treatment on cloudy days. Good chrysanthemums were produced under all conditions with all cultivars with but a minor delay (about 3 days) at the split high-low night temperatures. The plants were taller when grown at the split cool rather than the normal night temperature. The number and size of flowers were not affected significantly by the temperature treatments. Additional light increased stem length and increased the number of flowers of the spray-, and pot-type chrysanthemums. In the growth and production of greenhouse-grown chrysanthemums the split, cool temperature treatments provide energy savings without a noticeable change in growth and quality of plants.
Ethylene, Cellulase, 2,4-D, and Summer Fruit Drop of Navel Orange in Florida
Authors: Lima Jose Eduardo O. , Davies Frederick S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Secondary-fruit yellowing (SFY) of navel orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], a major cause of summer fruit drop, was induced artificially by girdling the stem 5 to 10 cm from the fruit. Girdling from 26 to 28 May 1982 increased ethylene levels at the stylar end and induced SFY in 90% of treated fruit. Girdling at other times, or at 30 to 45 cm from the fruit, however, caused minor SFY, particularly if leaves were present between the fruit and girdled area, indicating some material is produced by the leaves that reduces the incidence of SFY. Increase of ethylene levels and cellulase activity in the abscission zone of the secondary fruit prior to increases in the abscission zone of the primary fruit indicate that secondary-fruit abscission leads to primary fruit abscission. Water stress or changes in nonstructural carbohydrate levels within the leaves induced by branch sawing did not cause SFY. Application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) prior to or during induction lessened the severity of SFY and significantly decreased ethylene levels at the stylar end of the fruit.
Vesicular–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Development and Growth Response of Rough Lemon in Soil and Soilless Media: Effect of Phosphorus Source
Authors: Graham J. H. , Timmer L. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) development of Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith and growth response of container-grown rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) were compared in a phosphorus-deficient (2 μg P/g) sand-soil and peat-perlite, soilless mix, both fertilized with 3 levels of superphosphate (SP) and rock phosphate (RP). Mycorrhizal development and growth response were affected primarily by initial P availability in the media. In both soil and peat-perlite, VAM formation was greatest at 8 μg available P/g medium and maximum growth responses occurred over a range of 4 to 8 μg P/g medium. Available P from SP greater than 20 μg P/g medium inhibited mycorrhizal colonization and eliminated growth response. Less VAM development in peat-based media compared to soil suggested an effect of organic matter. In peat-perlite, moderate levels of colonization and a growth response equal to that of nonmycorrhizal plants grown in soilless media with high levels of available P were attained if RP was used to provide a low but sustained level of available P. In soilless media, mycorrhizae prevented P-induced, copper-deficiency symptoms in rough lemon.
Imbibitional Chilling Injury during Chickpea Germination
Authors: Tony H. H. Chen , Yamamoto S. D. K. , Gusta L. V. , Slinkard A. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the paper “Imbibitional Chilling Injury during Chickpea Germination” by Tony H.H. Chen, S.D.K. Yamamoto, L.V. Gusta, and A.E. Slinkard [J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108(6):944–948, 1983], on page 946, Fig. 2 was omitted inadvertently during printing. The missing photograph and its caption appear below:
Rest Completion Prediction Model for ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ Apples
Authors: Shaltout Assem D. , Unrath C. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In the paper “Rest Completion Prediction Model for ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ Apples” by Assem D. Shaltout and C.R. Unrath [J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108(6):959–961, 1983], there is an error on page 959 in footnote y for Table 6. The correct version of the footnote is as follows:
, where Tm = 4.4°C if temperature < 4.4°C; Tm = 25°C if the temperature is > 25°C.
The Influence of Summer Pruning and Cropping on Growth and Fruiting of Apple
Authors: Taylor B. H. , Ferree D. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Trees of apple [Malus domestica Borkh. cvs. Jonathan/Malling (M) 26] were summer-pruned each August from 1978-1980 by heading all shoots longer than 10 cm, and their response was compared to trees receiving only a light dormant-pruning by thinning-out cuts. Cropping treatments were a full crop or defruiting in June. Final length of shoot regrowth on summer-pruned trees was 82% and 76% less than terminal growth of control trees in 1979 and 1980, respectively, but terminal shoots produced the year following pruning were 55% and 62% longer on summer-pruned tress than on controls in 1979 and 1980, respectively. Summer-pruned trees with a full crop had 13% shorter terminal shoot length than defruited trees in 1979, but cropping had no effect in 1980. Trees with a full crop had a smaller annual increase in trunk cross-section than defruited trees, but were not affected by summer pruning. Summer pruning restricted tree canopy dimensions, resulting in 43% less canopy volume than control trees in 1979 and 1980, increased canopy openness to light penetration, and hastened flower opening. Pruning treatments did not affect fruit set. Fruit yield per tree was reduced by summer pruning, but yield per canopy volume was not affected. Fruit size was decreased by summer pruning in 1979 but was increased in 1980. Fruit soluble solids were reduced by summer pruning in 1979 and 1980, fruit color was increased in 1978 and 1980, but not in 1979. Flesh firmness was unaffected by summer pruning.
Reduction of Frost Injury to Almond by Control of Ice Nucleation Active Bacteria
Authors: Lindwo S. E. , Connell J. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Epiphytic populations of ice nucleation active (INA) strains of Pseudomonas syringae van Hall of up to 106cells/g fresh weight were found on healthy tissues of commercially managed almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] orchards in California. Leaf bacteria accounted for over 99% of the ice nuclei active at temperatures higher than − 5°C on almond. Large, seasonal variations in populations of INA bacteria and ice nuclei on almond were observed, with maximum populations found shortly after full bloom. These populations were reduced from 10- to 100-fold by 3 weekly applications of bactericides starting at budbreak, or a single application at 10% bloom of a nonice nucleation active antagonistic bacterium isolated from an almond leaf surface. Applications of cupric hydroxide to dormant tissues and/or to growing tissue after budbreak were most effective at reducing populations of INA bacteria and ice nuclei on almond. Application of bacterial ice nucleation inhibitors did not influence populations of INA bacteria on almond shoots shortly after application, but reduced the numbers of ice nuclei active at −5° or warmer. Frost injury to detached almond spurs cooled to −3° was reduced by all treatments that reduced the numbers of bacterial ice nuclei on almond tissue.
Effect of Calcium Infiltration on Ethylene Production, Respiration Rate, Soluble Polyuronide Content, and Quality of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Fruit
Authors: Sams Carl E. , Conway William S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fruit of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) infiltrated after harvest with CaCl2 solutions of up to 12% (w/v) had lower ethylene production rates than untreated fruit during a 7-day period at 20°C immediately following treatment. However, after a 5-month storage period at 0° the effect of calcium on ethylene production diminished rapidly during a 7-day ripening period at 20°. Ethylene production for the 7-day period immediately following calcium treatment was correlated negatively to calcium concentration of the fruit. Calcium treatment had no significant effect on fruit respiration rate in this study. High calcium concentrations resulted in a decrease in the magnitude of ethylene production but had no effect on respiration. Titratable acidity and percentage of soluble solids were unaffected by calcium treatment even at high concentrations of CaCl2. Fruit firmness was correlated positively to calcium concentration of the fruit both before and after storage at 0°, and soluble polyuronide content of the fruit was correlated negatively to fruit calcium.
Rejuvenating Rabbiteye Blueberry ‘Tifblue’ and ‘Woodard’
Authors: Austin Max E. , Brightwell W. T. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hedging reduced yield and increased fruit size of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei, Reade) for one or 2 years following hedging, but yields and fruit size were similar to unhedged plants after 4 years. The best hedging treatment time was February, with evaluation taking place over a 5-year period following hedging.
Postfertilization Hybrid Seed Failure in Lycopersicon esculentum X Lycopersicon peruvianum Ovules
Authors: Barbano P. P. , Topoleski L. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. X Lycopersicon esculentum (E X E) and interspecific Lycopersicon esculentum × Lycopersicon peruvianum (L.) Mill. (E × P) ovules were studied to determine the sequence of events leading to embryo and endosperm deterioration in E × P ovules. At 7 days, the single-celled zygote and multicellular endosperm stage, the E × P ovule showed no signs of abnormality. Endosperm deterioration was the first indication of anatomical abnormality. The endosperm had disintegrated totally by 10 days after pollination. The ExP embryo did not follow normal stages of embryo development but divided randomly, and at 17 days filled the embryo sac with an undifferentiated mass of cells. Deterioration of both the E x P embryo and the cells of the proliferated endothelium was complete by 24 days. The embryo sac cavity size of 14-day E × P ovules and the weight of 13-day ExP ovules also indicated that endosperm and embryo breakdown began in this interspecific cross earlier than the 30- to 40-day age reported by other researchers.