bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a temperature‐dependent stretching exponent on glass relaxation
Authors: Hauke Brittney M. , Mancini Matthew , Mauro John C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe nonexponential relaxation behavior of glass is governed by the dimensionless stretching exponent, β, which is typically assumed to be a constant but is more accurately described as a function of temperature. Herein, relaxation calculations of glassy materials are undertaken via an iterative differential equation‐based algorithm to determine when the use of a temperature‐dependent (or dynamic) stretching exponent is required to capture the industrially relevant evolution of fictive temperature components, which is necessary for process engineering. Results reveal a range of liquid fragility index (m) in which a static β description is roughly equivalent to the behavior observed with a dynamic β. However, fast primary (α) relaxation modes demonstrate unique behavior in systems exhibiting excessively strong or fragile liquid behavior when a temperature‐dependent stretching exponent is considered. In this special issue dedicated to the International Year of Glass, we also provide broader perspectives regarding the importance and impact of a temperature‐dependent β.
High‐fat consumption alters the gut microbiome in retinitis pigmentosa mice and accelerates retinal degeneration
Authors: Kutsyr Oksana , Noailles Agustina , Martínez‐Gil Natalia , Maestre‐Carballa Lucía , Martínez‐García Manuel , Fernández‐Sánchez Laura , Maneu Victoria , Cuenca Nicolas , Lax Pedro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeIntestinal dysbiosis has been linked with the pathogenesis of several degenerative diseases. Moreover, the consumption of high‐fat diets (HFD) can drove to significant changes in the gut microbiome. Our purpose was to investigate changes in gut microbiome and retinal degeneration associated with the ingestion of HFD in a mice model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP).MethodsC57BL/6J mice and rd10 mice were fed either with normal chow (5.5% fat kcal) or with a HFD (61.6% fat kcal) for two weeks since P19. Retinal function was analyzed by electroretinography and optomotor test. Immunohistochemistry was employed to evaluate the structure and integrity of the retinal tissue. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was made to evaluate the gut microbiome.ResultsWe found a higher retinal degeneration in rd10 mice as compared to C57BL/6J mice, both fed with normal chow. Rd10 mice exhibited significantly reduced retinal responsiveness, as well as diminished visual acuity. This loss of retina function went with a decrease in the number of photoreceptor rows, and the remaining photoreceptors showed morphologic anomalies. The photoreceptor degeneration was accompanied by an inflammatory response of the retina, characterized by the proliferation of microglial cells and reactive gliosis of Müller cells. Likewise, the gut microbiome analysis revealed differences in alpha and beta diversity at the genera, species, and amplicon sequence variants levels. HFD generated a significant dysbiosis in the gut microbiome increasing potentially pro‐inflammatory bacteria as Bilophila sp., Alistipes sp. and Mucispirillum schaedleri, and drived the exacerbation of the retinal degeneration.ConclusionsIn retinitis pigmentosa, retinal dysfunction and degeneration are related to significant changes in the gut microbiome, which can be altered by diet, conducing to a worsening of the disease.SupportMINECOFEDER‐BFU2015‐67139‐R, FEDER‐PID2019‐106230RB‐I00, RETICS‐FEDER RD16/0008/0016, IDIFEDER/2017/064.
Progressive changes in visual function after Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Campo Lorena Arias , Altabás María José Vicente , Tello Alvaro , Castro‐Roger Luisa , Ciordia Beatriz Cordón , Perié Manuel Subías , Rodrigo Maria Jesus , Garcia‐Martin Elena , Satue Maria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo compare progressive changes in visual function parameters in patients with Fuchs entothelial dystrophy (FED) who underwent Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK). To compare visual results after DMEK with visual function parameters in healthy subjects without corneal pathology.MethodsThirty patients (30 eyes) with FED who underwent DMEK surgery were included in the study. All subjects underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) evaluation using the ETDRS optotype in photopic and scotopic conditions, and contrast sensitivity (CS) assessment using the CSV 1000 and the Pelli Robson test in different lighting conditions, preoperatively, at 1 and 6 months after surgery. Thirty eyes of 30 healthy controls were evaluated using the same protocol and compared with the patients’ final postsurgery data.ResultsA significant improvement in all visual function parameters was observed in patients 1 month (p < 0.05) and 6 months (p < 0.05) after DMEK, compared with preoperative levels. No significant differences were observed between patients and healthy controls in the lowest spatial frequency of 3cpd (photopic, p = 0.891; mesopic, p = 0.064; mesopic with glare, p = 0.786). Healthy controls had significantly higher BCVA in photopic and scotopic conditions (p = 0.015, p = 0.03, respectively), better CS measured with the CSV 1000 test in the spatial frequencies of 6 cpd, 12 cpd and 18 cpd and with the Pelli Robson test (p = 0.002).ConclusionsDMEK improves visual function parameters in patients with FED in the first month after surgery. Patients who underwent DMEK present similar contrast sensitivity to healthy subjects in lower frequencies. However, the rest of the values assessed were significantly lower in DMEK patients compared to healthy controls 6 months after surgery.
Surgical treatment of extensive symblepharon with oral mucosa autografting transplantation in two patients with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
Authors: Mouriki Konstantina , Lafioniatis Nikos , Tsoutsoura Sofia , Panitsa Gerasimina , Kavroulaki Dimitra 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTο present the surgical management of extensive symblepharon in two cases of advanced ocular cicatricial pemphigoid.MethodsA 68‐year‐old male with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid treated with methotrexate was presenting trichiasis and extensive symblepharon in the left lower eyelid. The second case was a 70‐year‐old woman treated with dapsone and mycophenolate mofetil with extensive symblepharon in her left lower eyelid. In both cases, we harvested oral mucosa autograft and sutured it in the left lower tarsus after surgical dissection of the symblepharon.ResultsIn both cases postoperatively the lower eyelid was mobile, the graft was in place and vivid, no signs of inflammation nor rejection, quiet eye. Three months later there was no scarring of the graft and fornix in the first patient, but some scarring in the second patient as the control of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid was inadequate.ConclusionsOral mucosa autografting transplantation for forniceal reconstruction is a surgical technique that should be considered in patients with symblepharon formation and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid when active disease is controlled.BibliographyKheirkhah A, Blanco G, Casas V, Hayashida Y, Raju VK, Tseng SC. Surgical strategies for fornix reconstruction based on symblepharon severity. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Aug;146(2):266‐275. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.03.028. Epub 2008 Jun 2. PMID: 18514608.
Corneal wounds repair emergencies during COVID‐19: 10/0 absorbable polyglactin sutures as a valuable strategy
Authors: Abihaidar Nicolas , Gain Philippe , Thuret Gilles , Garcin Thibaud 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to report the use of Vicryl 10‐0 (polyglactin 910) resorbable monofilament in corneal trauma during COVID‐19 pandemic: structural and functional results, and follow‐up adaptation during health crisis.MethodsDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, nine patients were selected from the overall population of open or closed globe surgical emergencies (n = 37) in a french University Hospital. Selected patients were eligible for corneal sutures with Vicryl 10‐0, thus replacing the traditional 10‐0 nonabsorbable monofilament nylon suture. Postoperative treatment combined anti‐inflammatory drugs, topical antibiotics and lubricating drops. Outpatient visits were performed at D10, M2, M6 then every six month. Interim visits were performed if needed between D10 and M2 by teleconsultation. Patients received complete examination including different imaging. The main outcome was best corrected visual acuity. Secondary outcomes included average corneal astigmatism and the occurrence of complications.ResultsMean distance and near acuity improved from 0.711 ± 0.805 & 0.556 ± 0.305 logMAR preoperatively to 0.056 ± 0.073 & 0.333 ± 0.100 logMAR postoperatively (p = 0.032 and p = 0.043 respectively). Mean astigmatism decreased from 4.91 ± 4.21 diopters preoperatively to 0.99 ± 0.57 after suture resorption (p = 0.020). There were no serious adverse events or repeated surgery.ConclusionsPolyglactin 910 10‐0 could provide a maximum infectious risk reduction; a shorter topical treatment and antibiotic prophylaxis. The absorbable nature of the sutures simplifies logistics by reducing the number of early outpatient visits before M2. It avoids suture removal, especially for the pediatric population. Interim teleconsultation(s) on demand are interesting to evaluate the need for an additional face‐to‐face consultation. Vicryl 10‐0 sutures are ideally suited to the COVID‐19 pandemic logistical constraints, as a safe and effective alternative to nylon 10‐0 for the management of eligible corneal wounds.
Herpes simplex virus conjunctival dendritic ulcer as a primary infection in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Rivasés Guillermo Pérez , Barreda Maria Dolores Diaz , Murillo Ana Boned , El Bakkali Ismael Bakkali , Moscarda Eva Josefina Nuñez , De Rivas Marta Orejudo , Arias Pablo Cisneros , Del Buey Sayas Maria Ángeles , Puyuelo Javier Ascaso 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo describe an atypical case of conjunctival herpetic dendritic ulceration in an immunocompetent patient with no history of herpetic primary infection.MethodsThis is a single observational case report and a review of the literature. The patient was followed in successive appointments.ResultsOcular involvement by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) in its recurrent form is characteristic for dendritic ulcers in the corneal epithelium, which are postulated to obtain this form due to the corneal nerve plexus. We describe the first case to date of an immunocompetent patient, age > 70 years and without prior immunosuppressive treatment, with a primary herpetic infection clinically diagnosed by presenting a dendritic ulcer in the bulbar conjunctiva. The patient had nonspecific corneal involvement, and the case was subsequently confirmed with polymerase chain reaction for HSV‐1.ConclusionsThe presentation of a dendritic ulcer in the bulbar conjunctiva in a case of ocular herpes infection is a rare finding, and the physiopathology is unknown. It casts doubt on the theory that corneal dendritic ulcer morphology is only formed because of the corneal sub‐basal nerve plexus involvement. This suggests that conjunctiva examination is of vital importance in herpetic ocular infection, and that it can used a diagnostic methodology if no other eye conditions are found.
Optimisation of descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty transplant quality assessment techniques
Authors: Goin Paul , Sagnial Tomy , Belameiri Lydia , Poinard Sylvain , Gauthier Anne Sophie , Gain Philippe , Thuret Gilles , He Zhiguo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeQuality of the endothelial transplant is a critical parameter in the success of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) and in the graft survival. The peeling techniques, preservation methods and operator’s skill level need to be experimentally assessed and validated, as they are key elements influencing graft quality. The most reliable method of quality evaluation of the endothelial transplant is the triple staining with Hoechst‐Calcein AM‐Ethidium (HEC) allowing to determine the total number of viable endothelial cells. However, the test HEC has defects: (1) Unspecific fluorescence of the same filter than that Calcein AM prevents an accurate viability analysis; (2) Incompatibility with immunofluorescence (IF) which could provide additional information. The aim of this study is to develop technical tips to overcome these defects.MethodsTwo strategies were employed to improve Calcein AM staining: 1. Increase the specific fluorescence intensity by changing the concentration of Calcein AM and diluent; 2. Decrease unspecific fluorescence by adding the fluorescence quencher Trypan Blue (TB). In order to combine IF after the test HEC, an extensive wash in PBS was performed. In total, 19 human corneas had been used.ResultsCalcein AM at 4µM diluted in OptiMEM increased fluorescence intensity by 3‐fold (p = 0.0017, n = 5) compared to conventional staining at 2 µM in PBS. Trypan Blue visibly decreased the unspecific fluorescence of Calcein, reduced the inter‐operator (n = 6) variability of cell count by 42% (p = 0.0027, n = 10) and reduce analysis time by 40% (p = 0.0002, n = 10). To perform IF after HEC test, prolonged washing in PBS was an effective method to remove residual Calcein fluorescence and allow imaging using FITC/Alexa 488 filter.ConclusionsThis study provides effective technical tips for optimising assessment of the endothelial viability and for being able to perform IF after the test HEC.
Influence of pre‐adaptation time to background illumination on photopic negative response of the full‐field electroretinogram
Authors: Blum Maren‐Christina , Klee Sascha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeThe photopic negative response (PhNR) is a negative wave (latency ~70ms) of the full‐field electroretinogram (ERG) which represents ganglion cell activity. The amplitude is most distinctive for a red stimulus on a blue background. In the literature different pre‐adaptation times (range from few seconds to 10min) to the blue background can be found. The aim of the study presented here was to verify whether the pre‐adaptation time to the blue background has an influence on the PhNR wave.MethodsIn total 12 subjects (25.4±2.0years, 4m, 8f) participated in the study. For visual stimulation, a full‐field stimulator with a red flash (wavelength: 625nm, flash strength: 1.5cds/m², duration: ≤ 5ms, inter‐flash interval: 1s) on blue background (wavelength: 455nm, luminance: 10cd/m²) was used. For ERG recording, Ag/AgCl ring‐shaped skin‐electrodes were placed at the lower eyelid, the ipsilateral earlobe, and the forehead. The subjects were light adapted before all measurements. Each ERG measurement consisted of a pre‐adaptation time (15s/1/2/5/10min, randomized order) followed by an ERG measurement, which includes 20 artifact‐free sweeps. The PhNR wave was defined as the minimum after the b‐wave in the latency range from 60 to 80ms and was measured from the baseline (BT) and from the b‐wave peak (PT). For statistical analysis, the Friedman‐test was applied between the pre‐adaptation times for both measured amplitudes and the latency (α=0.05).ResultsThe PhNR could be measured and analyzed from all subjects. The Friedman‐test showed no significant difference between the pre‐adaption times for both amplitudes and the latency (*p ≤ 0.0167; pBT‐amplitude = 0.281, pPT‐amplitude = 0.797, platency = 0.448).ConclusionsWe found no influence of the pre‐adaption time to the blue background on the PhNR amplitude and latency. Therefore, for future work only a short pre‐adaptation time of a few seconds is sufficient for a stable PhNR wave measurement for light adapted subjects.
Oxygen exposure in inherited diseases of the retina
Authors: Türksever Cengiz , López Torres Lisette T. , Valmaggia Christophe , Todorova Margarita G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposePatients with inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) share altered retinal metabolic function. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between retinal metabolic alterations (retinal vessel Oximetry, RO) and structural findings (central retinal thickness and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, RNFL) in IRDs.MethodsA total of 181 eyes of 92 subjects were examined: 121 eyes of 62 patients with IRDs were compared to 60 eyes of 30 healthy age‐matched controls. The retinal vessel oximetry was performed with the oxygen saturation measurement tool of the Retinal Vessel Analyser (RVA; IMEDOS Systems UG, Jena, Germany). The oxygen saturation in all four major peripapillary retinal arterioles (A‐SO2; %) and venules (V‐SO2; %) were measured and their difference (A‐V SO2; %) was calculated. In addition, we calculated the mean central retinal oxygen exposure (cO2‐E; %/µm) and the mean peripapillary oxygen exposure (pO2‐E; %/µm) per micron of central retinal thickness and nerve fibre layer thickness.ResultsRod‐cone dystrophy patients had the highest V‐SO2 and A‐SO2, the lowest A‐V SO2, the narrower D‐A and D‐V and the thickest RNFL, when compared to controls (p≤0.040), but also to patients with other IRDs. Furthermore, in rod‐cone dystrophies, the cO2‐E and the pO2‐E were higher in comparison to controls and to patients with other IRDs (p≤0.005). Cone‐rod dystrophy patients had the lowest cO2‐E compared to controls and patients with other IRDs (p≤0.035). Evaluated in central zones, the cO2‐E was significantly different when comparing CRD‐ against RCD patients in all zones (p<0.001), whereas against controls and patients with inherited macular dystrophy only in zones 1 and 2 (p≤0.018). The oxygen exposure was also the highest in the RCD, for both the nasal and the temporal peripapillary area among evaluated groups (p ≤ 0.025)ConclusionsClearly demonstrated through the O2‐E comparisons, rod‐cone dystrophy eyes seem to be more exposed to oxygen, the later presumably leading to more pronounced oxidative damage‐related remodeling.
Long‐term result of combined ab externo Schlemm’s canal surgery and phacoemulsification in management of open angle glaucoma in cataract patients
Authors: Dushina Galina , Kumar Vinod , Frolov Mikhail , Bezzabotnov Andrej , Shradqa Ahmad , Lukyanenko Viktoriya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effectiveness of segmental Schlemm’s canal (SC) distension using Kumar’s Schlemm’s canal expander (SCE) in decreasing intraocular pressure (IOP) in cataract patients suffering from open angle glaucoma (OAG).MethodsBetween October, 2012 and March, 2020 in a prospective interventional case series study. SCE device, made from 0.04 mm thick medical grade stainless steel wire, having inner lumen diameter of 0.12 mm and outer – 0.2 mm, 4–5 mm long was implanted into SC ab externo after completion of cataract surgery of 59 patients (38 male and 21 female; average age – 75.47 ± 6.2 years) suffering from OAG. Outcome measures were IOP change, number of glaucoma medications pre‐ and postoperatively and complications. Success rates were evaluated using World Glaucoma Association guidelines. A paired t‐test was used for analysis. Results were significant when p less than 0.05.ResultsMean preoperative IOP was 28+/–4.7mmHg and mean number of medications – 2.4 ± 0.8. At 4 years mean IOP reduced by 27%+/–15.5% and was 20,4+/–4,9 (n=59; p=.0000006) use of medications reduced to 1 ± 1.2 (p = 0.0000001). Complete success was achieved in 24% (14/59) cases and partial – in 49% (29/59) respectively. Intraoperatively, microperforation occurred in 5 cases (8.5%). Postoperatively, 6 cases (10%) required YAG laser trabeculopuncture to control IOP. In these cases, one end of SCE was lying in anterior chamber angle without contact with intraocular structures. Postoperatively, specific complications related to SCE were rare. In one case the body of SCE ruptured TM because of extra pressure put on eye ball while inserting goniolens. Both ends of the expander were embedded in SC. Patient’s IOP was under control with one medication.ConclusionsCombined surgery phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and SCE implantation in surgical management of OAG in cataract patients show significant reduction in IOP from the baseline and in hypotensive medication(s) use in long‐term period.
Influence of sex on neuroretinal degeneration: 6 month follow‐up in rats with chronic glaucoma
Authors: Rodrigo Maria Jesus , Perié Manuel Subías , Martinez‐Rincon Teresa , Campo Lorena Arias , Altabás María José Vicente , Tello Alvaro , Castro‐Roger Luisa , Palomar Elisa Viladés , Ciordia Beatriz Cordón , Garcia‐Herranz David , Garcia‐Martin Elena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate differences by sex in the neuroretina of rats with chronic glaucoma (CG) induced by two different methods of increased ocular hypertension (OHT) vs healthy animals (HA).MethodsForty‐six Long Evans rats (18 males, 28 females) with CG and paired HA were analyzed. Glaucoma was achieved by sclerosing the episcleral veins or by injecting microspheres into the anterior chamber. Intraocular pressure was measured every week by Tonolab® tonometer, neuroretinal function was recorded by dark/light‐adapted RETIanimal® electroretinography (ERG) at 0, 12 and 24 weeks; and structure was analyzed by Spectralis high definition Heidelberg® optical coherence tomography (OCT), using the Retina, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) and Ganglion Cell Layer (GCL) protocols at 0, 8, 12, 18 and 24 weeks.ResultsMales showed statistically significant higher IOP in both CG models and HA (p < 0.05). Greater differences were found in the episcleral model at early stages. Males with episclerally induced glaucoma showed higher increase (p < 0.05) in retinal thickness in OCT recordings than its females, microspheres model and HA. CG rats showed bigger thickness loss of RNFL and GCL (p < 0.05) comparing HA. Males showed a higher percentage of RNFL thickness loss (p < 0.05) in both models and HA. No differences by sex were observed in GCL thickness in the episcleral model, but comparison in microspheres model and HA showed differences. Males exhibited worse dark/light‐adapted functionality in CG models (p < 0.05), with worsened in the episcleral model at 12 weeks, than paired females and HA.ConclusionsMale rats experienced higher IOP, structural loss and worse neurorretinal functionality than females under physiological and glaucomatous conditions. Sex and the OHT‐inducing method influenced neuroretinal degeneration.