bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Washington State Apple Revolution: Innovative Production, Storage, and Merchandizing Techniques Extend the Marketing Season1
Authors: Couey H. Melvin , Williams Max W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Few agricultural commodities have enjoyed the tremendous success achieved by the Washington State apple industry. The apple acreage in Washington has increased from about 80,000 to over 125,000 acres in recent years. The production reached 72 million boxes in 1981 and will increase to about 85 million by 1985. This expansion is directly related to the improved technology in the production, storage, and marketing of the fruit, which has provided a constant supply of quality fruit to consumers for 11 to 12 months of the year. Much of the success is credited to a strong research effort and the immediate application by the fruit industry of the new technology developed from research.
Influence of Fertilization Level on Gas Exchange, Structural, and Growth Characteristics of Azalea1
Authors: Ceulemans R. , Gabriels R. , Impens I. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Optimal substrate fertilization level was compared with half and double of the corresponding rate on azalea (Rhododendron simsii Planch, cv. Glas 10) plants under glasshouse and controlled environment conditions. Although variations in gas exchange characteristics between the 3 treatments were small, significant differences in crown dimension, leaf area index, root/shoot ratio and total plant dry weight were found. Optimal fertilization resulted in significantly higher total plant dry weight and crown diameter. Since the latter determines the market price, this has important economical implications.
Resistance in New Guinea Impatiens Species and Hybrids to the Two-spotted Spider Mite1
Authors: Al-Abbasi Sabri H. , Weigle Jack L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Twenty-seven lines of Impatiens, including I. mooreana Schlect and I. schlecteri Warb, were screened for resistance to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, in both spring and fall of 1979. The assocation of this resistance with cuticle content of the leaves was tested. Different lines showed different resistance levels and resistance and cuticle content of the leaves was significantly correlated.
The Propagation of Liriope muscari ‘Variegata’ and Ophiopogon japonicus from Seeds1
Authors: Hruska Ann Fagan , Dirr Michael A. , Pokorny F. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
After warm stratification for 6 weeks, depulped seeds of Liriope muscari L. ‘Variegata’ and Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb) Ker. germinated 77 and 74%, respectively, compared to about 25% for intact fruits. About 65% of the seedlings of variegated liriope exhibited some form of variegation, with several variagation patterns evident.
Effect of Rough Handling on CO2 Evolution from ‘Howes’ Cranberries1
Authors: Massey L. M. , Chase B. R. , Starr M. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Impact induced bruising of cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) predisposes the fruit to physiological breakdown often without showing external symptoms of impact for many hours. Impacts also induce marked and long lasting stimulation of C02 evolution almost immediately following its occurrence. This casual response relationship may be of value as an early sign of bruising in cranberries or other fruits and vegetables which are slow to show definite symptoms of rough handling.
Apple Fruit Growth as a Measure of Irrigation Control1
Authors: Assaf R. , Levin I. , Bravdo B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fruit growth rates and yields of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) collected from irrigation experiments from 1967–1980 in the Hula Valley of Israel indicated that the seasonal course of growth rate expressed in volume units was linear in optimal irrigation regimes regardless of the method of irrigation. Equations for converting the circumference measurements to volume units were developed for 5 commercial apple cultivars. Typical fruit volume growth lines are presented for growers use to control irrigation regimes in conjunction with the common pan evaporation coefficients.
Spray Materials and Washing Solution Affect Apple Foliar Analyses1
Authors: Young Eric 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Washed and unwashed apple leaves from North Carolina orchards were sampled for 4 years. Na and Cu concentrations were higher in washed samples due to contamination from the detergent and tape water, respectively. Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations were higher in unwashed samples due to fungicide spray deposition on the leaves. Concentrations of these elements in washed samples increased with increasing numbers of sprays of Ferbam (76 WP), Dikar (76.6 WP), and metiram (Polyram 80 WP), respectively, indicating absorption of these elements. Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and B were unaffected by washing.
Pedigree Analysis of Apple Clones with Differences in Preference to European Red Mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch)1
Authors: Goonewardene H. F. , Janick Jules , Kwolek W. F. , Bailey C. H. , Hough L. F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Selections of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) of known parentage were exposed in a greenhouse to artificial infestations of European red mite. The clones PRI 95356, N.J. 70, PRI 123056, and PRI 159155 and ‘Vista Bella9, were the least preferred (P = 5%); mite counts per leaf and per cm2 of leaf area were highly correlated even though the leaf area varied within and between selections. There was no evidence that any parent in the pedigrees contributed to ERM resistance based on an analysis of the association of mite numbers for the 4th and 5th week after infestation and the expected frequency of genetic contribution from various parents in the pedigree.
Gibberellin-like Substances in Developing Fruits of Pecan1
Authors: Wood B. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Several gibberellin-like substances were detected by cucumber, dwarf pea, and lettuce bioassays after liquid chromatographic (HPLC) fractionation of liquid endosperm from the developing seed of pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch cv. Moneymaker]. The response of bioassays to authentic gibberellin standards and fractions eluted from the HPLC column at the same times as gibberellin A3, A4, and A7 suggests that these 3 gibberellins may be present in the liquid endosperm.
Partial Loss of Self-incompatibility in ‘Golden Star’ Carambola1
Authors: Knight R. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fruit set in self-pollinated ‘Golden Star’ carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) was 2% vs. 12.8% for cross-pollination. None of 90 self-pollinated flowers of 3 other carambola selections set fruit, but set varied from 3.3 to 20% when the same selections were cross-pollinated.
Using Heat from Power Plant Condenser Cooling Water for Greenhouse Tomato Production1
Authors: Carter Johnny , Pile Robert S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Four cultivars of greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown in a 0.2-ha experimental greenhouse complex designed to compare heat exchange systems using condenser cooling water from the Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant near Athens, Alabama, with a conventional heating system. The greenhouse was divided into 3 zones; 2 used condenser cooling water as the heat source, and the other was heated conventionally with liquid propane gas (LPG). Heating tests showed that the heat exchangers using condenser cooling water performed within design expectations and maintained greenhouse temperatures 5.6° to 6.6°C below condenser cooling water temperatures. However, due to unexpectedly low and fluctuating condenser cooling water temperatures, greenhouse temperatures necessary for optimum tomato production could not be maintained when ambient temperatures were below −11.1°C. Tomato yields ranged from 5.5 to 6.5 kg/plant in the zones heated with condenser cooling water compared with 6.9 to 7.5 kg/plant in the conventionally heated zone.
Screening for Flooding Tolerance in the Genus Lycopersicon
Authors: Kuo C. G. , Tsay J. S. , Chen B. W. , Lin P. Y. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
High temperature tended to aggravate injury caused to tomato plants by flooding. Based on plant responses such as chlorosis, epinasty, and wilting, less than 0.2% (8 of 4630 accessions) of the world collection of the garden tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and related Lycopersicon species exhibited some level of tolerance to a short period of flooding associated with high temperature. The level of flood tolerance in one of the 8 flood tolerant accessions, L-123, was found to be less than that of 7 other vegetables tested.
Stability of Growth and Morphological Changes in Gynura aurantiaca Plants Regenerated from Callus1
Authors: Myerson J. , Krul W. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rooted cuttings from Gynura aurantiaca (Blume) DC plants regenerated from callus had different growth and morphogenic properties than cuttings from the parent plant. Tissue culture derived plants were larger, more uniform in growth and time of flowering, had more flowers per plant, were more apically dominant and displayed different leaf shape when compared to cuttings from the parent plant. All changes were retained in subsequent asexual generations.
Factors Affecting Establishment and Growth of Peach Shoots in Vitro1
Authors: Hammerschlag F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Contamination was reduced from 100 to 3.3% if surface-sterilized forced lateral shoots of peach (Prunuspersica (L.) Batsch), dissected to 0.5–1.0 cm, were cultured rather than similarly sterilized dormant lateral buds which had met their chilling requirement. Optimum shoot tip growth was obtained on a liquid Murashige and Skoog salts medium supplemented with 0.01 mg/liter indolebutyric acid (IBA) and 0.2 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA). Growth on liquid media was significantly greater than on solid media. Survival of shoot tips at 21° – 24°C was significantly greater than at 26° or 30°. Peach cultivars differed significantly in their survival in vitro.
‘Robusto’ Plum
Authors: Thompson J. M. , Prince V. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Robusto’ plum (a complex diploid plum hybrid composed of Prunus salicina Lindl., P. angustifolia March., P. americana Marsh., P. cerasifera J. F. Ehrh., and P. simonii Carr.) has been released to provide the southeastern United States with a cultivar which extends the early fresh and processing ‘Bruce’ season. ‘Robusto’ is similar to ‘Bruce’ in appearance, better in quality, and matures approximately a week later.
‘Oregon Sugarpod IF Edible Pod Pea1
Authors: Baggett J. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Oregon 605’ Pea (Pisum sativum L.) was developed primarily for commercial freezing in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. It is resistant to the enation mosaic-red clover vein mosaic virus complex, a limiting factor in Western Oregon pea production. ‘Oregon 605’ is also resisitant to powdery mildew., an advantage in seed production areas and possible processing areas such as Northeastern Oregon and Southeastern Washington. ‘Oregon 605’ was released jointly by the Oregon and Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations.
‘Oregon 43’ Green Bean1
Authors: Baggett J. R. , Frazier W. A. , Varseveld G. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Oregon 43’, is a bush green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of ‘Blue Lake’ type, developed for processing in western Oregon. ‘Oregon 43’ will usually equal or exceed the yield of ‘Oregon 1604’, a currently important cultivar, at smaller sieve sizes. It thus may give more favorable grades and higher return to the grower, but, pod wall fiber can develop by the sieve-6 stage of maturity, requiring careful management by processors. General quality of ‘Oregon 43’ has been acceptable for canning and freezing when it is harvested within a normal commercial maturity range. It may be of most value where a large percentage of sieve-4 pods are needed.
Maintenance of Clonal Plant Germplasm
Authors: Jahn O. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Rubus parviflorus Nutt., the thimbleberry, shown in bloom on the cover, is a common native of the Pacific Coast region of North America. It and an associated species, R. spectabilis Pursh, the salmonberry, have a raspberry-type fruit. The R. parviflorus fruit has many small drupelets and is a dark-red color, while R. spectabilis has fewer, larger drupelets and is a light-orange color. Both species are unusual in that they are semishrubs with perennial rather than biennial canes. The mode of inheritance of this perennial character, also present in a few other species, has not been studied, although some crosses to cultivated species have been made. The perennial cane character may provide a useful alternative to the current labor-intensive biennial type.
Horticulture and Hospice: a Horticultural Therapy Graduate Practicum
Authors: Kingman Alta R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Hospice Movement; care of the terminally ill in the home, affords unique opportunities for learning and an innovative area for using adaptive horticultural techniques in a therapeutic setting. Three graduate students and their advisor were trained and certified as Hospice Volunteers of the Greenville, S.C. Hospital System.
Chilling Injury of Horticultural Crops: an Overview
Authors: Morris L. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Most, if not all, horticultural fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals of tropical origin are subject to physiological injury when subjected to temperatures below about 12.5°C but above their freezing temperature. This damage does not involve freezing and is commonly termed chilling injury. Chilling-sensitive plants, and plant parts, are subject to injury at all stages of their development, except in the dry-seed stage.
Chilling Injury of Crops of Temperate Origin
Authors: Bramlage William J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We expect that a plant of tropical or subtropical origin is chilling sensitive. A corollary might be that a plant not of tropical or subtropical origin is not chilling sensitive. Although there are exceptions to such a corollary, which I shall be describing, this evolutionary distinction is largely true because even those temperate crops that are chilling sensitive have developed survival mechanisms to circumvent this genetic liability.
Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Plants to Chilling Stress
Authors: Wang Chien Yi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Various physiological and biochemical alterations occur in response to chilling stress in plants. The extent of these alterations and the ability of the plant to withstand these alterations determine whether the plant is sensitive or resistant to chilling at that temperature. Information concerning the physiological and biochemical responses of plants to chilling stress has been accumulating rapidly during recent years. However, when one looks into the literature, it does not take long to realize that there is no general consensus on a number of issues. Although some of the conflicting or contradicting points have been clarified by recent findings, there are still some ambiguous areas awaiting to be resolved. Some examples of these controversial issues are: a) the importance of bulk membrane lipid composition in determining the chilling sensitivity, b) the interference of energy production and utilization in tissues by chilling, c) the relationship of membrane permeability to chilling, and d) the capacity of water oxidation in photosystem II as affected by chilling.
In Vitro Propagation of Ornamental Rosaceous Plants1
Authors: Norton Margaret E. , Boe A. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Shoot tip explants of 12 woody species and cultivars of Rosaceae were cultured in vitro on Linsmaier and Skoog nutrient medium containing benzylamino purine (BA). Greatest shoot proliferation occurred in the presence of 0.1 to 2.5 mg/liter BA and was species-dependent. Root initiation was promoted when 1 to 10 mg/liter indolebutyric acid (IBA) was added to the medium. Rooting increased when cultures were incubated in the dark for 1 week prior to illuminated incubation.
In Vitro Propagation of Sweet Cherry Cultivars1
Authors: Snir Iona 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Four cultivars of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) were propagated in vitro. The best basal medium for bud establishment was Knop’s solution and for bud proliferation was Murashige-Skoog’s medium. 6-Benzylamino purine (BA) at 1 mg/liter and indolebutyric acid (IBA) at 1 mg/liter were optimal for both bud establishment and bud proliferation. Increased rooting efficiency was obtained with basal shoot wounding and treatment with 0.5 mg/liter naphthalenacetic acid (NAA). Plantlets transferred to soil developed normally.
In Vitro Propagation of ‘Nemaguard’ Peach Rootstock1
Authors: Miller G. A. , Coston D. C. , Denny E. G. , Romeo M. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In vitro propagation of ‘Nemaguard’ peach rootstock [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] was obtained on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium using shoot tips as primary explants. Shoot proliferation was induced on MS medium supplemented with 50 mg/liter L-ascorbic acid, 20 ml/liter Staba vitamin mixture, 2.0 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA), and 0.1 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Rooting was induced by subculturing plantlets on a similar medium without the Staba vitamins and without BA. When the Staba vitamin mixture was present, rooting was reduced; the inhibition resulted from the presence of riboflavin.
Callus Initiation and Root Formation from In Vitro Culture of Walnut Cotyledons1
Authors: Rodriguez Roberto 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Addition of 4–40 μm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) plus 2–6 μm kinetin induced callus formation in fresh cotyledons of walnut (Juglans regia L.), but the presence of phenolic compounds prevented a stable culture. Roots were obtained from callus on a half-strength K(h) medium supplemented with indolebutyric acid (IBA) or naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 40 μm plus kinetin or benzylamino purine (BA) at 2 μm. The origin of roots was usually endogenous.
Cultural Practices Influencing Premature Daughter Leaf and/or Shoot Emergence in Scale-propagated Easter Lily1
Authors: Matsuo E. , Arisumi K. , Kavvashima H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Three types of premature leaf and/or shoot development (PLS) from daughter axis of scale-propagated Easter lily plantlets (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) occurred 6 months after scale planting. PLS was enhanced by fertilizer application and light.
Retention of Ancymidol in a Soil Medium and in Clay Pots2
Authors: Seeley John G. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat ‘Fred Shoesmith’ was grown in a soil medium previously used to grow Easter lilies, Lilium longiflorum Thunb. ‘Ace’, treated with single drenches of a-cyclopropyl-a-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine methanol (ancymidol) in early February and harvested April 26. Enough ancymidol was retained in the medium after 76 days of lily growth and 52 surface-irrigations to significantly retard chrysanthemum growth. Plant height after 10.5 weeks was about 12 and 29% less in media from 0.25- and 0.50-mg (active ingredient) ancymidol drench treatments, respectively, than in untreated medium. However, chrysanthemums grown in a new soil medium in new clay pots were about the same height as plants in new soil medium in pots from the 0.50-mg treatment, indicating that not enough ancymidol to retard chrysanthemum growth was retained in the clay pots.
Herbicides for Weed Control in Leatherleaf Fern1
Authors: Stamps R. H. , Mathur D. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Four herbicides, alone and/or in combination, were evaluated for weed control in beds of leatherleaf fern [Rumohra adiantiformis (G. Forst) Ching]. Fair winter weed, predominantly chick weed [Stellaria media (L.) Cyr.], control was obtained with simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] at 2 kg active ingredient (a.i.)/ha, simazine + metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] at 1.1 + 2.2 kg a.i./ha and oxadiazon [2-terf-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] + simazine at 1.1 + 1.1 kg a.i./ha. Oxadiazon + simazine, oxadiazon + metolachlor at 1.1 + 2.2 kg a.i./ha, and simazine + metolachlor controlled spring weeds. All herbicide treatments gave fair weed control in summer. Except for simazine applied alone, none of the treatments injured leatherleaf fern visibly. Oxadiazon + metolachlor, oxadiazon + simazine, and simazine + metolachlor reduced winter weeding times. All combination treatments reduced spring weeding times, but none of the treatments reduced summer weeding times. No treatment reduced fern yield or affected average frond weights. Frond length and frond weight were positively correlated (r = 0.74).
Influence of Canopy Size on Regrowth Response of Dikegulac-injected American Sycamore Seedlings1,2
Authors: Domir Subhash C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two-year-old American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) seedlings of 3 canopy sizes—small, medium, and large—were injected with 3 concentrations of dikegulac [2,3:4,6-bis-0 (1-methylethylidene)-O (-L-xylo-2-hexulofuranosonic acid]. At the end of the growing season, height increase, sprout length, number of new sprouts, and phytotoxicity were determined. The data suggest that canopy size significantly alters dikegulac influence on growth parameters of sycamore. Generally, an increase in canopy size resulted in a decrease in the effect of dikegulac on growth response of sycamore.
Effectiveness of 4 Coverings for Overwintering Container Grown Ornamentals in Different Plant Hardiness Zones1
Authors: Hicklenton Peter R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Overwintering under microfoam thermoblanket resulted in high poststorage quality of container-grown Cotoneaster Dammeri C. K. Schneid, and Juniperus chinensis L. ‘Pfitzerana-Aureo’ in USDA plant hardiness zones 5a and 6a (1). Similar results were obtained for J. chinensis overwintered under white copolymer in zone 5, but severe damage was sustained by C. Dammeri since the covering did not maintain media temperature above the lethal point for this species. Storage under clear copolymer at both locations caused foliage damage which was severe in C. Dammeri and moderate in J. chinensis. Black poly storage caused severe foliage damage in all J. chinensis and C. Dammeri. Viburnum cassinoides L. overwintered without serious damage in all treatments.
An Evaluation of Commercial Experience with the Tatura Trellis for Growing Peaches1
Authors: van den Ende B. , Chalmers D. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Cumulative yields in commercial plantings of clingstone peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trained on the V-shaped Tatura Trellis system (average density 1800 trees/ha) were 145 MT/ha after 5 growing seasons as compared to 52 MT/ha in commercial orchards with low densities of conventional vase-shaped trees (average density 300 trees/ha). The best yield obtained with higher tree densities in commercial orchards (537 trees/ha) for the same period was 91 MT/ha.
Response of Stomatal Conductance, Transpiration, Photosynthesis, and Leaf Water Potential in Peach Seedlings to Different Watering Regimes1
Authors: Tan C. S. , Buttery B. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Stomatal conductance, transpiration, and photosynthesis declined steadily with decreasing leaf water potential in seedlings of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] grown in large pots containing about 84 kg of steam-sterilized sandy loam soil under controlled environmental conditions. Growth and transpiration were reduced mainly through the effect of stomatal closure as soon as water stress commenced.