bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethical principles in the use of Artificial Intelligence in the financial sector from a European perspective
Authors: Parra Rodriguez Carmen 
Published: March 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become part of our daily lives and is a fundamental tool for developing private and professional operations. In this sense, one of the sectors where AI has had the greatest impact has been the financial sector, where it is necessary to establish a regulatory framework to address two fundamental issues to ensure its proper functioning, specifically those aspects that affect digital transparency and neutral algorithms.
To address both aspects, the European Union, through its various institutions, has established guidelines for Member States to apply ethical principles that align financial digitalisation with sustainability and the Sustainable Development Goals set out in the 2030 Agenda. These ethical values have been regrouped in a series of principles that must be present in the legislation that regulates future financial operations, ensuring their application within the territory of the European Union.
In this regard, financial digitalisation must ensure principles that control risks, creating technologically applicable rules for all sectors that guarantee a level playing field between States without fragmenting the internal market. To this end, they must carry out a prior impartial and external assessment for each operation, based on specific and defined criteria that do not violate fundamental rights or the security standards established in EU law.
The methodology used in this article is descriptive, compiling European regulatory projects, taking into account academic studies on ethics in the financial sector.
Implementasi Penyelenggaraan Kerjasama Wajib Antar Daerah Dalam Kerangka Otonomi Daerah
Authors: Tinambunan Wahyu Donri 
Published: March 2022

Implementasi penyelenggaraan kerjasama wajib antar daerah dalam kerangka otonomi daerah menjadi suatu konsep yang perlu dibenahi pada praktiknya dilapangan. Sebagaimana kita lihat bahwa pemaknaan otonomi daerah masih dianggap sebagai suatu “tameng” kekuatan bagi daerah yang mengarah kepada egosentris, tanpa memperhatikan sinergitas daerah dalam membangun wilayah dan juga lintas daerah. Pemerintah Daerah berupaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan menjamin penyediaan pelayanan publik memerlukan kerjasama antar daerah (KAD). Secara yuridis normatif mengenai kerjasama (termasuk KAD) diatur dalam Pasal 363 sampai dengan Pasal 369 UU No. 23 Tahun 2014. Mengenai hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja upaya yang dilakukan pemerintahan daerah dalam melakukan bentuk kerjasama lintas daerah. Dalam setiap data penulisan atau penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Bahwa kerjasama wajib adalah setiap penyelenggaraan urusan pemerintah yang memiliki eskternalitas lintas daerah, dan juga terkait pelayanan publik yang efisien jika dikelola bersama.
Standar Operasional Prosedur Penangkapan Oleh Anggota Polri Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana
Authors: Munandar Syaiful , Azriadi Azriadi 
Published: March 2022

Dalam melakukan penangkapan tentunya harus ada peraturan atau Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) yang harus dijalankan sesuai dengan peraturan yang telah ditetapkan. SOP itu sendiri merupakan suatu aturan yang di bentuk bertujuan untuk memudahkan dalam melaksanakan pekerjaan, serta dengan adanya SOP dapat meminimalisir terjadinya kesalahan ataupun resiko kerja. Jika SOP tersebut dilanggar dengan sengaja maka pelanggaran tersebut tentunya berdampak terhadap orang lain juga, maka dari itu penulis tertarik membahas permasalahan tersebut dengan rumusan masalah Bagaimana standar operasional prosedur penangkapan oleh anggota polri terhadap pelaku tindak pidana. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Yuridis Normatif, yaitu penelitian hukum yang hanya ditujukan pada peraturan tertulis sehingga peraturan ini sangat erat hubungannya dengan perpustakaan karena akan membutuhkan bahan yang bersifat sekunder dari perpustakaan. Adapun hasil penelitian ini nantinya untuk mengetahui standar operasional prosedur penangkapan oleh anggota polri terhadap pelaku tindak pidana.
Case Report: Early Resection of Pheochromocytoma in a Patient With Cardiogenic Shock Due to Pheochromocytoma-Induced Cardiomyopathy With Extracorporeal Life Support
Authors: Lyu Ting , Niu Jianhua , Liu Zhihai , Li Tong 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundPheochromocytoma-induced cardiomyopathy is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of pheochromocytoma. It mimics the patterns of stress-induced cardiomyopathy. In severe cases, patients can develop refractory cardiogenic shock, which might require mechanical circulatory support.Case PresentationWe presented a case of 54-year-old female who developed refractory cardiogenic shock, following an elective orthopaedic surgery complicated by cardiac arrest, requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support. After urgent coronary catheterisation revealed normal coronary arteries, further evaluation of the aetiology of cardiogenic shock revealed pheochromocytoma. With a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma-induced cardiomyopathy, the patient had accelerated preoperative alpha adrenergic blockade preparation for a total of 6 days and subsequently had the tumour removed under VA-ECMO support. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well and was off ECMO support and extubated a few days later.The optimal management of pheochromocytoma-induced cardiomyopathy, especially for severe cases, is still unclear. Indeed, some cases will require mechanical circulatory support to allow left ventricular function recovery. But our case also showed that it was possible to introduce alpha blockade safely whilst the patient is on VA-ECMO and has the pheochromocytoma removed with VA-ECMO support after accelerated preoperative preparation.
“There Are Things We Can Do and There Are Things We Cannot Do.” A Qualitative Study About Women's Perceptions on Empowerment in Relation to Fertility Intentions and Family Planning Practices in Mozambique
Authors: Castro Lopes Sofia , Constant Deborah , Fraga Sílvia , Osman Nafissa Bique , Harries Jane 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionThe restrictive socio-cultural norms in Mozambique limit the power of women to decide, voice, and act on their reproductive choices. This study aimed to explore women's perceptions and experiences of empowerment relating to fertility intentions and family planning practices in Mozambique, focusing on facilitators and barriers toward reproductive empowerment.MethodsQualitative in-depth interviews were undertaken with women of reproductive age (18–49 years) in Nampula and Maputo provinces and Maputo city, Mozambique. Data collection took place between February and March 2020 in Maputo region and during August 2020 in Nampula Province. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from both urban and rural healthcare facilities and from within the communities serving the healthcare facilities. In Maputo city, a snowball sampling technique was used to recruit women from the community. A total of 64 women were interviewed, 39 from Maputo and 25 from Nampula. A thematic analysis was conducted with the support of NVivo12 software.ResultsSeveral factors that hinder and facilitate women's empowerment toward fertility and family planning practices in Mozambique were identified and were interpreted within the socio-ecological model. The identified barriers included women's lack of critical consciousness and oppressive relationships. At the community and societal levels, the role of traditions, culture and gender expectations and limited access to family planning and misinformation were also important hindering factors. The facilitators of reproductive empowerment included building critical consciousness and access to economic resources at the individual level. Negative experiences at the household level were triggers of women's empowerment for family planning. Building collective power and access to information, including education, were key at the community and societal levels.ConclusionsThis study identified various factors that positively or negatively influence women's empowerment journeys in Mozambique. The role of tradition, culture, and gender expectations, and oppressive relationships, were important barriers in both provinces. Women from rural areas would benefit from building of consciousness about their rights, and power to decide on their reproductive lives. Interactions with the health providers offer an opportunity to do this by favoring controlling behaviors concerning their reproductive lives, promoting social networking and levering collective power.
Association Between Antibiotic Treatment of Leptospirosis Infections and Reduced Risk of Dementia: A Nationwide, Cohort Study in Taiwan
Authors: Chao Pei-Chun , Chien Wu-Chien , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Huang Chih-Kang , Li Hao-Ming , Tzeng Nian-Sheng 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundTo explore the association between leptospirosis, the risk of dementia, and the potential protective role of antibiotic treatment.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort nationwide, population-based study, from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). We enrolled 1,428 subjects aged 50 years or above, in the index year of 2000, which included those retrieved from the NHIRD record. Dementia diagnosis and incidence over 16 years follow-up was retrieved from the NHIRD records. The Fine and Gray survival analysis was used to determine the risk of dementia, and the results were presented as a sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR) with a 95% confidence interval.ResultsIn the study period, 43 of the 357 leptospirosis patients developed dementia, as compared to 103 of the control group (930.90 vs. 732.49 per 105 person-years). By the Fine and Gray survival analysis, the leptospirosis was associated with the risk of dementia, and the adjusted SHR was 1.357 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.213–1.519, P &lt; 0.001), across 16-year of the follow-up period. To exclude the protopathic bias, the sensitivity analysis was conducted. This analysis revealed that the leptospirosis was associated with the increased risk of dementia, even after excluding the dementia diagnosis within the first year (adjusted SHR = 1.246, 95%CI: 1.114–1.395, P &lt; 0.001) or within the first 5 years (adjusted SHR = 1.079, 95%CI: 1.023–1.152, P = 0.028), antibiotic treatment for leptospirosis was associated with the reduced risk of dementia (P = 0.001).ConclusionLeptospirosis was associated with an increased risk for dementia, and antibiotic treatment was associated with a reduced risk. Further research will be necessary to explore the underlying mechanisms of this association.
Carbohydrate-Energy Replacement Following High-Intensity Interval Exercise Blunts Next-Day Glycemic Control in Untrained Women
Authors: Estafanos Stephanie , Friesen Beata , Govette Alexa , Gillen Jenna B. 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundImproved glycemic control has been reported for ∼24 h following low-volume high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), but it is unclear if this is a direct effect of exercise or an indirect effect of the exercise-induced energy deficit. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of carbohydrate-energy replacement after low-volume HIIE on 24 h glycemic control in women.MethodsSeven untrained women (age: 22 ± 2 yr; BMI: 22 ± 3 kg/m2; VO2peak: 33 ± 7 ml/kg/min) completed three 2-day trials in the mid-follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Continuous glucose monitoring was used to measure blood glucose concentrations during, and for 24 h following three conditions: (1) HIIE followed by a high-carbohydrate energy replacement drink (EX-HC); (2) HIIE followed by a non-caloric taste-matched placebo drink (EX-NC); and (3) seated control with no drink (CTL). HIIE involved an evening session (1,700 h) of 10 × 1-min cycling efforts at ∼90% maximal heart rate with 1 min recovery. Diet was standardized and identical across all three 2-day trials, apart from the post-exercise carbohydrate drink in EX-HC, which was designed to replenish the exercise-induced energy expenditure. Postprandial glycemic responses to the following days breakfast, snack, lunch, and dinner, as well as 24 h indices of glycemic control, were analyzed.ResultsThe day after HIIE, postprandial glycemia following breakfast and snack were reduced in EX-NC compared to EX-HC, as reflected by lower 3 h glucose mean (breakfast: 5.5 ± 0.5 vs. 6.7 ± 1, p = 0.01, Cohen’s d = 1.4; snack: 4.9 ± 0.3 vs. 5.7 ± 0.8 mmol/L, p = 0.02, d = 1.4) and/or area under the curve (AUC) (breakfast: 994 ± 86 vs. 1,208 ± 190 mmol/L x 3 h, p = 0.01, d = 1.5). Postprandial glycemic responses following lunch and dinner were not different across conditions (p &gt; 0.05). The 24 h glucose mean (EX-NC: 5.2 ± 0.3 vs. EX-HC: 5.7 ± 0.7 mmol/L; p = 0.02, d = 1.1) and AUC (EX-NC: 7,448 ± 425 vs. EX-HC: 8,246 ± 957 mmol/L × 24 h; p = 0.02, d = 1.1) were reduced in EX-NC compared to EX-HC.ConclusionPost-exercise carbohydrate-energy replacement attenuates glycemic control the day following a single session of low-volume HIIE in women.
Proof-of-Concept Pilot Study on Comprehensive Spatiotemporal Intra-Patient Heterogeneity for Colorectal Cancer With Liver Metastasis
Authors: Kyrochristos Ioannis D. , Glantzounis Georgios K. , Goussia Anna , Eliades Alexia , Achilleos Achilleas , Tsangaras Kyriakos , Hadjidemetriou Irene , Elpidorou Marilena , Ioannides Marios , Koumbaris George , Mitsis Michail , Patsalis Philippos C. , Roukos Dimitrios 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionThe mechanisms underlying high drug resistance and relapse rates after multi-modal treatment in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and liver metastasis (LM) remain poorly understood.ObjectiveWe evaluate the potential translational implications of intra-patient heterogeneity (IPH) comprising primary and matched metastatic intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) coupled with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) variability.MethodsA total of 122 multi-regional tumor and perioperative liquid biopsies from 18 patients were analyzed via targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS).ResultsThe proportion of patients with ITH were 53% and 56% in primary CRC and LM respectively, while 35% of patients harbored de novo mutations in LM indicating spatiotemporal tumor evolution and the necessity of multiregional analysis. Among the 56% of patients with alterations in liquid biopsies, de novo mutations in cfDNA were identified in 25% of patients, which were undetectable in both CRC and LM. All 17 patients with driver alterations harbored mutations targetable by molecularly targeted drugs, either approved or currently under evaluation.ConclusionOur proof-of-concept prospective study provides initial evidence on potential clinical superiority of IPH and warrants the conduction of precision oncology trials to evaluate the clinical utility of I PH-driven matched therapy.
Combining Electrodermal Activity With the Peak-Pain Time to Quantify Three Temporal Regions of Pain Experience
Authors: Bhatkar Viprali , Picard Rosalind , Staahl Camilla 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundSelf-reported pain levels, while easily measured, are often not reliable for quantifying pain. More objective methods are needed that supplement self-report without adding undue burden or cost to a study. Methods that integrate multiple measures, such as combining self-report with physiology in a structured and specific-to-pain protocol may improve measures.MethodWe propose and study a novel measure that combines the timing of the peak pain measured by an electronic visual-analog-scale (eVAS) with continuously-measured changes in electrodermal activity (EDA), a physiological measure quantifying sympathetic nervous system activity that is easily recorded with a skin-surface sensor. The new pain measure isolates and specifically quantifies three temporal regions of dynamic pain experience: I. Anticipation preceding the onset of a pain stimulus, II. Response rising to the level of peak pain, and III. Recovery from the peak pain level. We evaluate the measure across two pain models (cold pressor, capsaicin), and four types of treatments (none, A=pregabalin, B=oxycodone, C=placebo). Each of 24 patients made four visits within 8 weeks, for 96 visits total: A training visit (TV), followed by three visits double-blind presenting A, B, or C (randomized order). Within each visit, a participant experienced the cold pressor, followed by an hour of rest during which one of the four treatments was provided, followed by a repeat of the cold pressor, followed by capsaicin.ResultsThe novel method successfully discriminates the pain reduction effects of the four treatments across both pain models, confirming maximal pain for no-treatment, mild pain reduction for placebo, and the most pain reduction with analgesics. The new measure maintains significant discrimination across the test conditions both within a single-day's visit (for relative pain relief within a visit) and across repeated visits spanning weeks, reducing different-day-physiology affects, and providing better discriminability than using self-reported eVAS.ConclusionThe new method combines the subjectively-identified time of peak pain with capturing continuous physiological data to quantify the sympathetic nervous system response during a dynamic pain experience. The method accurately discriminates, for both pain models, the reduction of pain with clinically effective analgesics.
Serial Exercise Testing and Echocardiography Findings of Patients With Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Lin Ko-Long , Liou I-Hsiu , Chen Guan-Bo , Sun Shu-Fen , Weng Ken-Pen , Li Chien-Hui , Tuan Sheng-Hui 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveKawasaki disease (KD) is the most common form of pediatric vasculitis. We evaluated the influence of KD on cardiopulmonary function and analyzed the echocardiographic findings of patients with KD through serial follow-ups from childhood to adolescence.MethodsThis was a retrospective study. We recruited patients with KD after the acute stage who underwent at least two (with &gt;1-year interval between visits) cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and echocardiographic examinations in the last 10 years. Cardiopulmonary function was determined through CPET on a treadmill. The maximum Z score (Max-Z) of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery or right coronary artery was determined using echocardiography. Healthy peers matched for age, sex, and body mass index with serial CPET and echocardiographic data were recruited as a control group.ResultsEach group consisted of 30 participants with comparable basic characteristics. No significant differences in the variables of the first CPET were observed between the two groups. In the final CPET, the control group had a higher percentage of measured oxygen consumption (Vo2) at the anaerobic threshold (AT) to the predicted peak Vo2 (p = 0.016), higher percentage of measured peak Vo2 to the predicted peak Vo2 (p = 0.0004), and higher Vo2 at AT (p &lt; 0.0001) than those of the KD group. No significant difference in the percentage of distribution of Max-Z was observed between the first and final echocardiographic examinations.ConclusionsChildren with a history of KD had comparable exercise capacity to their healthy peers. However, in the follow-up, the aerobic metabolism and peak exercise load capacities of adolescents with KD were significantly lower than those of control adolescents.
Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate Might Mitigate Radiation-Induced Heart Damage at an Early Stage in Rats
Authors: Wu Yajing , Liu Lina , Lv Shengliang , Wang Yi , Wang Shuai , Wang Sheng , Zhang Jiandong , Wang Jun 
Published: March 2022

Objective: Radiation-induced heart damage (RIHD) is becoming an increasing concern due to offsetting clinical benefits of radiotherapy to a certain extent. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) as an antioxidant has been implicated in cardioprotective effects. We aimed to investigate whether pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate could attenuate heart damage at an early stage post-irradiation and unveil the potential mechanisms.Methods: A total of 15 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into the control, irradiation (IR), and PDTC plus irradiation (PDTC + IR) groups. Hearts were irradiated with a single fraction of 20.0 Gy. Rats received daily intraperitoneal injection of PDTC for 14 days. At the 14th day post-irradiation, echocardiography was performed, and rats were killed. Morphological damage was examined by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) stain and Masson’s trichrome stain. The collagen volume fraction (CVF) was applied for semi-quantitative analysis. The protein levels were analyzed by Western blot and mRNA levels by quantitative real-time PCR.Results: No significant damage to systolic function of left ventricular was induced at an early stage post-irradiation. HE staining of cardiac tissue showed that the disordered arrangement of myocardial cells and abnormal cell infiltration were alleviated in the PDTC + IR group. The increased CVF in the irradiation group was inhibited in the PDTC + IR group (22.05 ± 2.64% vs. 9.99 ± 1.65%, p &lt; 0.05). The protein levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and COL-1 were downregulated after treatment with PDTC (p &lt; 0.05), and there was a declining trend in the protein of the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). The mRNA expression of NF-κB and HIF-1α in the PDTC plus irradiation group was lower than that in the irradiation group (p &lt; 0.05), and there was a declining trend in the mRNA expression of the connective tissue growth factor and COL-1.Conclusion: PDTC alleviates myocardial cell disordered arrangement, abnormal cell infiltration, and pro-fibrotic change at an early stage in rats with radiation-induced heart damage. Such a protective effect is closely associated with the downregulation of NF-κB.