bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Danger control and fear control during public health emergencies: Considering the roles of fear and hope in the EPPM across different levels of trust
Authors: Chen Liang , Chen Minyi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPublic health emergencies pose considerable threats to global health and safety. The control of these emergencies requires the efforts of healthcare professionals and calls for the public to take protective actions. The present study not only puts fear back in the extended parallel process model (EPPM) but also considers another similarly productive emotion: hope. We examined the mechanisms behind the effects of four cognitive perceptions on protective actions (i.e., danger control) and information avoidance (i.e., fear control). A national online survey was conducted with 1676 participants during the outbreak of COVID‐19 in China from February 1 to 29, 2020. The results revealed that perceived severity and susceptibility could lead to fear, positively affecting protective actions. On the other hand, perceived response efficacy and self‐efficacy induced hope, which was positively associated with protective actions but negatively associated with information avoidance. Furthermore, the mechanisms behind the relationships among cognitions, emotions, and behaviors varied across levels of trust in healthcare systems.
A Bayesian Hierarchical Model with Integrated Covariate Selection and Misclassification Matrices to Estimate Neonatal and Child Causes of Death
Authors: Mulick Amy R. , Oza Shefali , Prieto-Merino David , Villavicencio Francisco , Cousens Simon , Perin Jamie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractReducing neonatal and child mortality is a global priority. In countries without comprehensive vital registration data to inform policy and planning, statistical modelling is used to estimate the distribution of key causes of death. This modelling presents challenges given that the input data are few, noisy, often not nationally representative of the country from which they are derived, and often do not report separately on all of the key causes. As more nationally representative data come to be available, it becomes possible to produce country estimates that go beyond fixed-effects models with national-level covariates by incorporating country-specific random effects. However, the existing frequentist multinomial model is limited by convergence problems when adding random effects, and had not incorporated a covariate selection procedure simultaneously over all causes. We report here on the translation of a fixed effects, frequentist model into a Bayesian framework to address these problems, incorporating a misclassification matrix with the potential to correct for mis-reported as well as unreported causes. We apply the new method and compare the model parameters and predicted distributions of eight key causes of death with those based on the previous, frequentist model.
Looking for the signs: How childhood narratives define transgender identity
Authors: Schaad Kylar A. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract“In an era of intense anti‐transgender legislation attacking the rights of transgender adolescents, it is more important than ever to examine how transgender and nonbinary persons make claims of legitimacy. Transgender childhood narratives have historically been used as a tool to make one's transgender identity intelligible to others and legitimize claims to a specific gender (e.g., “I have always known I am actually a girl, not a boy”). Nascent gender identification demonstrates that one's gender is predetermined by forces outside of their control. This essentialist logic provides a “natural” and “acceptable explanation” for transgender identity and transition. The integration of these childhood tropes into diagnostic criteria and popular media has established them as markers of “legitimate” transgender identity. Failure to use these narratives, even if they do not align with personal experiences, risks one's access to medical, legal, and social resources. This article explores transgender childhood narratives in‐depth, detailing their historical roots and the theoretical frameworks that give them legitimacy. I examine their continued importance in demarcating both transgender and nonbinary authenticity and review literature that highlights the influence of these narratives across various realms of social life, including health and healthcare, public perceptions, and social recognition and support.”
Successful liver transplantation for hepatitis B‐related acute liver failure in a patient with active COVID‐19
Authors: Jacob Rachael , Liu Ken , Marinelli Tina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe emergence of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) has significantly disrupted liver transplantation worldwide. Despite significant, collective experience in treating liver transplant recipients with COVID‐19, there remains a paucity of data to guide the management of transplant candidates with acute COVID‐19 who require urgent transplantation. We present the case of an otherwise well, 39‐year‐old female presenting for urgent liver transplantation for acute liver failure secondary to hepatitis B, with concomitant acute, mild COVID‐19 due to Omicron BA.2. COVID‐19 antivirals were not administered pre‐transplant as the potential risk of hepatotoxicity precipitating further deterioration of liver function was not felt to outweigh the small, potential benefit of antiviral therapy. No effective SARS‐CoV‐2 monoclonal antibodies were available; however, the patient was previously vaccinated against SARS‐CoV‐2 with evidence of anti‐spike antibodies at the time of COVID‐19. Transplantation surgery and recovery were uncomplicated with no progression of COVID‐19 post‐transplant, hospital discharge was at day 14. At 30 days post‐transplant the patient had recovered, with normal liver function and SARS‐CoV‐2 was not detectable on nasopharyngeal PCR. While the safety of transplantation of patients with acute COVID‐19 cannot be assured by a single case, ours highlights the complex decision‐making process undertaken and competing priorities that need to be balanced when assessing patients with acute COVID‐19 who require urgent transplantation.
Blood donor notification of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease risk: Lessons in communicating donor deferral and risk
Authors: Reynolds Claire A. , Yawitch Tali , Hewitt Patricia E. , Harvala Heli 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 2005, the blood service in England notified 101 donors by letter that they may be at risk of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) because a recipient of their blood later developed vCJD. Donor experience of the notification was studied in a 2009 survey.MethodsFifteen questions focused on satisfaction, emotional response and understanding of the notification letter. An average Likert score was calculated: 1 and 2 = dissatisfied, 3 = equivocal and 4 and 5 = satisfied; the per cent satisfied and dissatisfied were calculated and characteristics compared using the Fisher and Chi‐squared tests.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 56 of 90 notified donors, mostly repeat, U.K.‐born donors over 45 years of age. Four years after notification, many individuals still felt surprise (44%), upset (44%) or worry (50%) about the letter, with 10 feeling depressed. Thirty per cent were uncertain if they had vCJD or not. For future notifications, 57% would still favour a detailed letter and 36% would prefer a discussion in person.DiscussionIt was notable how many individuals, 4 years later, still felt continuing anxiety about the vCJD notification letter, not noted in earlier interviews. This highlights a need for on‐going support required in donor notifications where outcome for the individual is highly uncertain.
Detection frequencies and viral load distribution of parvovirus B19 DNA in blood and plasma donations in England
Authors: Williams Sarah , Ratcliff Jeremy , Nguyen Dung , Simmonds Peter , Harvala Heli ,   International Survey Group
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesInfections with human parvovirus B19 (B19V) are transmissible by blood components and plasma‐derived medicines. The European Pharmacopoeia regulates maximum levels of virus allowed in manufacturers' plasma pools. To evaluate contamination risk prior to re‐introduction of UK‐sourced plasma for manufacturing, we investigated viraemia frequencies of B19V in plasma samples collected from blood donors before and during COVID‐enforced lockdown.Materials and MethodsQuantitative PCR for B19V DNA was used to screen pools of 96 anonymised plasma samples collected in England from 2017 (n = 29 505), 2020 (n = 3360) and 2021 (n = 43 200). Selected positive pools were resolved into individual samples. Data on donor notifications and related lookback investigations were collected from European countries by on‐line survey in 2020.ResultsScreening of 76 065 donations identified 80 B19V‐positive pools. While most positive samples had low viral loads (<105 IU ml−1), primarily from 2017 (77/29 505; 0.3%), two contained high levels of B19V DNA (1.3 × 108 and 6.3 × 106 IU ml−1), both likely to contaminate a final manufacturer's pool and lead to discard. The incidence of B19V infection during lockdown was reduced (1/3360 in 2020; 0/43 200 in 2021). Genomic analysis of positive pools resolved to single samples identified B19V genotype 1 in all nine samples. Seroprevalence of anti‐B19V IgG antibodies was 75% (143/192). A survey of B19V screening practices in Europe demonstrated considerable variability. Two blood establishments informed infected blood donors of positive B19V results.ConclusionInformation on seroprevalence, incidence and viral loads of B19V viraemia is contributory the evaluation of alternative operational screening strategies for plasma testing.
The Norwegian blood preparedness project: A whole blood program including civilian walking blood banks for early treatment of patients with life‐threatening bleeding in municipal health care services, ambulance services, and rural hospitals
Authors: Apelseth Torunn Oveland , Arsenovic Mirjana , Strandenes Geir 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCivilian and military guidelines recommend early balanced transfusion to patients with life‐threatening bleeding to improve survival. To provide the best care to patients with hemorrhagic shock in regions with reduced access to evacuation, blood preparedness must be ensured also on a municipal health care level. The primary aim of the Norwegian Blood Preparedness project is to enable rural hospitals, prehospital ambulance services, and municipal health care services to start early balanced blood transfusions for patients with life‐threatening bleeding regardless of etiology.Study Design and MethodsThe project is designed based on three principles: (1) Early balanced transfusion should be provided for patients with life‐threatening bleeding, (2) Management of an emergency requires a planned and rehearsed day‐to‐day system for blood preparedness, and (3) A decentralized system is needed to ensure local self‐sufficiency in an emergency. We developed a system for education and training in blood‐based resuscitation with a focus on the municipal health care service.ResultsIn this publication, we describe the implementation of emergency whole blood collections from a preplanned civilian walking blood bank in the municipal health care service. This includes donor selection, whole blood collection, emergency transfusion and quality assessment of practice.ConclusionWe conclude that implementation of a Whole Blood based emergency transfusion program is feasible on all health care levels and that a preplanned civilian walking blood bank should be considered in locations were prolonged transport‐times may reduce access to blood transfusion for patients with life threatening bleeding.
Estimating the economic effects of sanctions on Russia: An Allied trade embargo
Authors: Mahlstein Kornel , McDaniel Christine , Schropp Simon , Tsigas Marinos 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article contributes to the ongoing discussion on the use of sanctions as a coercive tool of international policymaking, focusing on the economic effects of the sanctions on Russia following its invasion of Ukraine. Using CGE modelling, we explore the short‐ to medium‐term economic effects of a possible trade embargo by Allied countries imposed on Russia. We consider the Allied trade embargo as a set of comprehensive trade sanctions that include (i) import‐related measures, (ii) export‐related measures, (iii) FDI‐related measures and (iv) increased trade costs between Russia and non‐Allies. We find that Russia would sustain sizable losses upwards of 14% of real GDP from an Allied trade embargo, even in the short run. Allied economies are unevenly affected by the sanctions, with real GDP losses between 0.1% and 1.6%. Non‐Allied economies benefit from some trade diversion but experience even larger losses from the increased costs of trading and doing business with Russia. China joining the embargo resulted in greater economic losses for Russia; Allied economies and China would be adversely affected by this move. Finally, Russia would suffer significantly higher losses if it were enacting countersanctions, rather than resigning itself to being a sanction target.
Retrospective evaluation of the outcome and prognosis of undergoing positive pressure ventilation due to cardiac and noncardiac causes in dogs and cats (2019–2020): 101 cases
Authors: Oppenheimer Nama , Kelmer Efrat , Shwartzshtei Noam , Segev Gilad , Ohad Dan , Klainbart Sigal 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of dogs and cats with left‐sided congestive heart failure (L‐CHF) undergoing positive pressure ventilation (PPV) to patients undergoing PPV for other causes and to determine risk factors associated with outcomes in this population.DesignThis retrospective study included dogs and cats that underwent PPV during 2018–2020. The study group included patients diagnosed with L‐CHF. The control group included patients who were ventilated for reasons other than L‐CHF. The risk factors evaluated included vital signs on presentation, ventilator settings, development of azotemia during hospitalization, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), complications, and medications used.SettingUniversity Teaching Hospital.AnimalsFifty (32 dogs, 18 cats) study group animals and 51 (39 dogs, 12 cats) control group animals were included in the L‐CHF and control groups, respectively.Measurements and main resultsSixty‐six percent (33/50) of L‐CHF patients, compared with 35% (18/51) of the control patients, were weaned off PPV (P = 0.002). Fifty‐four percent (27/50) of the L‐CHF patients survived to discharge, compared with 26% (13/51) of the control group patients (P = 0.003). However, only 54% (12/22) of the discharged L‐CHF patients survived for >2 months compared to 100% of the control patients. The median survival time for dogs and cats with L‐CHF surviving to discharge was 240 days (range: 1–730 days). In dogs, factors negatively associated with survival included CPR in both groups and the development of azotemia in the L‐CHF group. Anemia on presentation was negatively associated with survival for both cats and dogs in the control group.ConclusionsDogs and cats undergoing PPV due to L‐CHF were more commonly weaned off the ventilator and survived to discharge compared to other causes necessitating PPV. However, these patients suffer from severe heart disease, and therefore, their long‐term survival is guarded.
Influence of respiratory loading on left‐ventricular function in cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Gee Cameron M. , Williams Alexandra M. , Peters Carli M. , Eves Neil D. , Sheel Andrew W. , West Christopher R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCervical spinal cord injury (C‐SCI) negatively impacts cardiac and respiratory function. As the heart and lungs are linked via the pulmonary circuit these systems are interdependent. Here, we utilized inspiratory and expiratory loading to assess whether augmenting the respiratory pump improves left‐ventricular (LV) filling and output in individuals with motor‐complete C‐SCI. We hypothesized LV end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV) would increase and decrease with inspiratory and expiratory loading, respectively. Participants (C‐SCI: 7M/1F, 35 ± 7 years; able‐bodied: 7M/1F, 32 ± 6 years) were assessed under five conditions during 45° head‐up tilt; unloaded, inspiratory loading with −10 and −20 cmH2O oesophageal pressure (Poes) on inspiration, and expiratory loading with +10 and +20 cmH2O Poes on expiration. An oesophageal balloon catheter monitored Poes, and LV structure and function were assessed by echocardiography. In C‐SCI only, (1) +20 cmH2O reduced LVEDV vs. unloaded (81 ± 15 vs. 88 ± 11 ml, P = 0.006); (2) heart rate was higher during +20 cmH2O compared to unloaded (P = 0.001) and +10 cmH2O (P = 0.002); (3) cardiac output was higher during +20 cmH2O than unloaded (P = 0.002); and (4) end‐expiratory lung volume was higher during +20 cmH2O vs. unloaded (63 ± 10 vs. 55 ± 13% total lung capacity, P = 0.003) but was unaffected by inspiratory loading. In both groups, −10 and −20 cmH2O had no significant effect on LVEDV. These findings suggest greater expiratory positive pressure acutely impairs LV filling in C‐SCI, potentially via impaired venous return, mediastinal constraint and/or direct ventricular interaction subsequent to dynamic hyperinflation. Inspiratory loading did not significantly improve LV function in C‐SCI and neither inspiratory nor expiratory loading affected cardiac function or lung volumes in able‐bodied participants.
imageKey points
Cervical spinal cord injury (C‐SCI) alters both the cardiac and the respiratory system, but little is known about how these systems interact following injury.
Here, we manipulated inspiratory or expiratory intrathoracic pressure (ITP) to mechanistically test the role of the respiratory pump in circulatory function in highly trained individuals with C‐SCI and an able‐bodied reference group.
In individuals with C‐SCI, greater ITP during expiratory loading caused dynamic hyperinflation that was associated with impaired left‐ventricular filling.
More negative ITP during inspiratory loading did not significantly alter left‐ventricular volumes in either group.
Interventions that prevent dynamic hyperinflation and/or enhance the ability to generate expiratory pressures may help preserve left‐ventricular filling in individuals with C‐SCI.
The Value of Mind–Body Connection in Physical Activity for Older People
Authors: Gilchrist Heidi , Haynes Abby , Oliveira Juliana S. , Grunseit Anne , Sherrington Catherine , Bauman Adrian , Shepherd Roberta , Tiedemann Anne 
Published: June 2022

Exercise that targets balance and strength is proven to prevent falls in older age. The Successful AGEing yoga trial is the first large randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of yoga on falls in people aged ≥60 years. We conducted a realist process evaluation to explain the strong participant engagement observed using interviews (21 participants and three yoga instructors) and focus groups (12 participants and four yoga instructors). Results showed that relaxation, breathing, and yoga’s mind–body connection created a satisfying internal focus on bodily sensation which was valued by participants. The mechanisms of mindfulness and embodiment appeared to facilitate this. Mindfulness and embodiment are also linked to, and enhance engagement with, other forms of physical activity. By focusing creatively on these mechanisms, we can develop a range of programs that target improvements in physical and mental health (including reducing falls and fear of falls) and appeal to older people.
Charge and energy transfer in ac-driven Coulomb-coupled double quantum dots
Authors: Ludovico María Florencia , Capone Massimo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the dynamics of charge and energy currents in a Coulomb-coupled double quantum dot system, when only one of the two dots is adiabatically driven by a time-periodic gate that modulates its energy level. Although the Coulomb coupling does not allow for electron transfer between the dots, it enables an exchange of energy between them which induces a time variation of charge in the undriven dot. We describe the effect of electron interactions at low temperature using a time-dependent slave-spin 1 formulation within mean field that efficiently captures the main effects of the strong correlations as well as the dynamical nature of the driving. We find that the currents induced in the undriven dot due to the mutual friction between inter-dot electrons are of the same order as those generated in the adiabatically driven dot. Interestingly, up to 43% of the energy injected by the ac sources can be transferred from the driven dot to the undriven one. We complete our analysis by studying the impact of the Coulomb interaction on the resistance of the quantum dot that is driven by the gate.

Graphic abstract
Leveraging universality of jet taggers through transfer learning
Authors: Dreyer Frédéric A. , Grabarczyk Radosław , Monni Pier Francesco 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA significant challenge in the tagging of boosted objects via machine-learning technology is the prohibitive computational cost associated with training sophisticated models. Nevertheless, the universality of QCD suggests that a large amount of the information learnt in the training is common to different physical signals and experimental setups. In this article, we explore the use of transfer learning techniques to develop fast and data-efficient jet taggers that leverage such universality. We consider the graph neural networks and , and introduce two prescriptions to transfer an existing tagger into a new signal based either on fine-tuning all the weights of a model or alternatively on freezing a fraction of them. In the case of W-boson and top-quark tagging, we find that one can obtain reliable taggers using an order of magnitude less data with a corresponding speed-up of the training process. Moreover, while keeping the size of the training data set fixed, we observe a speed-up of the training by up to a factor of three. This offers a promising avenue to facilitate the use of such tools in collider physics experiments.
Muon $$\mathbf {g-2}$$, neutralino dark matter and stau NLSP
Authors: Gómez Mario E. , Shafi Qaisar , Tiwari Amit , Ün Cem Salih 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe explore the implications of resolving the muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

anomaly in a $$SU(4)_c \times SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R$$

S
U

(
4
)

c

×
S
U

(
2
)

L

×
S
U

(
2
)

R

model, where the soft supersymmetry breaking scalar and gaugino masses break the left-right (LR) symmetry. A 2$$\sigma $$
σ
resolution of the anomaly requires relatively light sleptons, chargino and LSP neutralino. The stau turns out to be the NLSP of mass $$m_{\tilde{\tau }}\lesssim 400$$

m

τ
~

≲
400

GeV, and the sleptons from the first two families can be as heavy as about 800 GeV. The chargino is also required to be lighter than about 600 GeV to accommodate the muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

solutions consistent with the dark matter relic density constraint. The dominant right-handed nature of the light slepton states suppress the sensitivity of possible signals which can be probed in Run3 experiments at the LHC. We also discuss the impact of accommodating the Higgs boson mass and the vacuum stability of the scalar potential for these solutions. Although a light stau can be compatible with the stability of the scalar potential, the Higgs boson mass constraint has a strong impact on the solutions with $$\tan \beta $$

tan
β

bounded from above, namely $$\tan \beta \lesssim 20$$

tan
β
≲
20

. The Higgsinos are heavier than about 4 TeV, and the LSP neutralino has the correct relic density if it is Bino-like. We identify stau–neutralino coannihilation as the dominant mechanism for realizing the desired dark matter relic density, with sneutrino–neutralino coannihiliation playing a minor role. These bino-like dark matter solutions can yield a spin-independent scattering cross-section on the order of $$10^{-13}$$

10

-
13

pb which hopefully, can be expected to be tested in the near future.