bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near‐Infrared Colorimetric and Ratiometric Fluorescence Sensor for Fluoride Ions
Authors: Dai Hui , Yang Jinglian , Ye Zijian , Liu Cong , Xu Bingjia , Shi Guang , Su Shichen , Zhang Yujian , Chi Zhenguo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTwo novel benzothiadiazole derivatives were prepared. Clear color changes from orange‐red to blue (DPCN) and pink to green (DPTPE) were observed after the addition of fluoride ions (F−). DPCN and DPTPE displayed ratiometric fluorescence changes in the presence of F−. 1H‐NMR titration and DFT calculations confirmed deprotonation in the presence of F−. Compared with DPTPE, the hydrogen proton of the imine group in DPCN had higher activity due to the influence of the strong electron‐withdrawing cyano group, such that it was more easily deprotonated and the detection limit for F− was much lower. This work provided guidance for the further design and preparation benzothiadiazole based colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescence sensor for F−.
Nickel Cobaltite Nanosheet Layer as Hole‐Transporting Material in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Guodong , Dong Chunhua , Wang Rongbo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) were demonstrated as prospective candidates to traditional solar cells due to their low‐cost, easy fabrication and excellent opto‐electronic properties. In this study, a quality p‐type semiconductor nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) nanosheet layer was prepared on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate via a simple solution thermal method, which was applied as hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) in typical inverted PSCs. The perovskite layer was synthesized by a fast‐crystallization method to form a full coverage film on NiCo2O4 nanosheet layer, which can avoid short circuit of contacting PCBM with NiCo2O4, increase the carrier transportation at the interface and hence lead to less recombination process. Fine crystalline perovskite on NiCo2O4 have a fast hole‐extraction, leading to a champion efficiency of 18.6 % without hysteresis, which indicates the possible replacement of organic HTMs to fabricate low‐cost and highly stable PSCs.
Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of Levulinic Acid to Valeric Acid on a Nanocrystalline PbO‐In2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Yuan Tongying , Chu Mengen , Zhang Kaili , Jia Shuaiqiang , Han Shitao , Zhai Jianxin , Wang Huan , Xue Teng , Wu Haihong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrosynthesis offers an efficient and sustainable strategy for the conversion of biomass‐derived platform molecules. Among this process, developing efficient and cost‐effective electrocatalysts is of vital importance. We report herein the preparation of the nanocrystalline PbO‐In2O3 catalysts for the electrocatalytic reduction of levulinic acid (LA) to valeric acid (VA). A series of non‐noble nanocrystalline PbO‐In2O3 composite materials with different molar compositions were prepared and thoroughly characterized. The prepared nanocrystalline PbO‐In2O3 composite materials were used as working electrode for the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of LA in an H‐type electrolytic cell. A LA conversion of 41.4 % and VA selectivity of 97.8 % was achieved with the VA faradic efficiency of 89.2 % under the high current density of 134 mA cm−2. This is the first report on the electrocatalytic reduction of LA to VA using PbO‐In2O3 composite electrode catalyst.
Quasi-normal modes of dyonic black holes and magneto-hydrodynamics
Authors: Jeong Hyun-Sik , Kim Keun-Young , Sun Ya-Wen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We revisit the magneto-hydrodynamics in (2+1) dimensions and confirm that it is consistent with the quasi-normal modes of the (3+1) dimensional dyonic black holes in the most general set-up with finite density, magnetic field and wave vector. We investigate all possible modes (sound, shear, diffusion, cyclotron etc.) and their interplay. For the magneto-hydrodynamics we perform a complete and detailed analysis correcting some prefactors in the literature, which is important for the comparison with quasi-normal modes. For the quasi-normal mode computations in holography we identify the independent fluctuation variables of the dyonic black holes, which is nontrivial at finite density and magnetic field. As an application of the quasi-normal modes of the dyonic black holes we investigate a transport property, the diffusion constant. We find that the diffusion constant at finite density and magnetic field saturates the lower bound at low temperature. We show that this bound can be understood from the pole-skipping point.
Collaborative trial validation of a new multiplex real-time PCR to sensitively detect allergenic nuts in food
Authors: Waiblinger Hans-Ulrich , Geppert Carina , Bartsch Daniela , Neumann Katrin , Hochegger Rupert , Peterseil Verena , Koeppel René , Frenzel Jakob 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, we present a multiplex real-time PCR method for a simultaneous, sensitive and specific detection and semi-quantitative estimation of the allergenic species peanut, hazelnut, walnut and cashew in food. Due to the use of multicopy target sequences, a very sensitive detection of the allergenic ingredients was possible. The method was validated in-house as well as by a collaborative trial with 12 laboratories. Within the ring trial, 0.64 mg/kg (i.e. approx. 0.1–0.2 mg of peanut and tree nut-derived protein/kg) could still be detected in a processed cookie matrix, confirmed by results of incurred, processed samples spiked at very low levels between 0.9 and 50 mg/kg of the corresponding allergenic ingredient (peanut, tree nut). In addition, the method revealed good precision data. With regard to quantitative analysis though, insufficient recovery data (bias) were determined in some cases, resulting in measurement uncertainties of more than 50%.
Continuous solutions of a system of composite functional equations
Authors: Tóth Péter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper we introduce the concept of translation invariant functions: considering an arbitrary set $$\emptyset \ne S \subset {\mathbb {R}}^n$$

∅
≠
S
⊂

R

n

, the function $$F : S \longrightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

F
:
S
⟶
R

is translation invariant if $$F(x) = F(y)$$

F
(
x
)
=
F
(
y
)

implies $$F(x+t)=F(y+t)$$

F
(
x
+
t
)
=
F
(
y
+
t
)

for any vectors $$x,y,t \in {\mathbb {R}}^n$$

x
,
y
,
t
∈

R

n

such that $$x ,y , x+t ,y+t \in S$$

x
,
y
,
x
+
t
,
y
+
t
∈
S

. In our main results we shall consider an open, connected set $$\emptyset \ne D \subset {\mathbb {R}}^n$$

∅
≠
D
⊂

R

n

. We prove that if $$F : D \longrightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

F
:
D
⟶
R

is a translation invariant, continuous function, then there exists a vector $$a = (a_1, \dots , a_n) \in {\mathbb {R}}^n$$

a
=

(

a
1

,
⋯
,

a
n

)

∈

R

n

and a strictly monotone, continuous function f such that $$\begin{aligned} F(x_1, \dots , x_n) = f (a_1 x_1 + \dots + a_n x_n) \end{aligned}$$

F

(

x
1

,
⋯
,

x
n

)

=
f

(

a
1

x
1

+
⋯
+

a
n

x
n

)

holds for all $$(x_1, \dots , x_n) \in D \,$$

(

x
1

,
⋯
,

x
n

)
∈
D

. Using this result we also show that continuous solutions $$ F : D \longrightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

F
:
D
⟶
R

of the system of functional equations $$\begin{aligned} F(x_1 , \dots , x_j + t_j , \dots , x_n) = \Psi _j (F (x_1 , \dots , x_j , \dots , x_n), t_j) \ \ (j=1,\dots ,n) \end{aligned}$$

F

(

x
1

,
⋯
,

x
j

+

t
j

,
⋯
,

x
n

)

=

Ψ
j

(
F

(

x
1

,
⋯
,

x
j

,
⋯
,

x
n

)

,

t
j

)

(
j
=
1
,
⋯
,
n
)

can be represented as the composition of a strictly monotone, continuous function and a linear functional as well. Applying the latter theorem, we give a characterization of Cobb–Douglas type utility functions.
Understanding the chemical and mineralogical composition of commercial henna and jagua tattoos and dyes—a multi-analytical approach
Authors: Rubio Laura , Costa Mafalda , Barrulas Pedro , Lores Marta , Garcia-Jares Carmen , Barrocas-Dias Cristina 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Temporary tattoos and dyes constitute a great analytical challenge in relation to the regulatory control of their ingredients. Most of these commercial products are not labeled according to their content and their chemical nature is highly diverse. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze these complex samples to evaluate the potential presence of metallic impurities, to ensure the safety of cosmetic products contributing to health protection. This study proposes a multi-analytical methodology, which includes handheld X-ray fluorescence (h-XRF) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), complemented by variable pressure scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (VP-SEM–EDS) to fully characterize 34 commercial samples of jagua and henna tattoos and dyes. The approach allowed the identification of the main constituents providing complementary compositional data and differences between sample types were established. In addition, information on the degree of natural pigments homogeneity was also obtained. The results’ discussion considering the current European cosmetics regulation may be useful to support the drafting of safety requirements and specific regulation.
Forest Fire Influence on Tomicus piniperda-Associated Fungal Communities and Phloem Nutrient Availability of Colonized Pinus sylvestris
Authors: Kluting Kerri , Strid Ylva , Six Diana , Rosling Anna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractForest fire is known to positively affect bark beetle populations by providing fire-damaged trees with impaired defenses for infestation.Tomicus piniperda, the common pine shoot beetle, breeds and lays eggs under the bark of stressed pine trees and is considered a serious forest pest within its native range. Wood-colonizing fungi have been hypothesized to improve substrate quality and detoxify tree defensive chemistry to indirectly facilitate tree colonization by beetles. While some bark beetle species form symbiotic associations with fungi and actively vector their partners when colonizing new trees,T. piniperdadoes not have mycangia or body hairs for specific vectoring of fungi. To explore theT. piniperda-associated fungal community for signs of specific association, we used ITS metabarcoding to separately characterize fungal communities associated with surface and gut of male and female beetles. We also characterized the temporal changes in fungal community and nutrient status of pine phloem with and without beetle galleries. Sampling was performed 2 years after a natural forest fire and included both burnt and unburnt sites. In our study system, we find that forest fire significantly impacts the fungal community composition associated withT. piniperdaand that fire may also indirectly change nutrient availability in phloem to beetle galleries. We conclude thatT. piniperdacan vector fungi to newly colonized trees but the absence of positive effects on substrate quality and minimal effects of sex indicate that vectoring of associated fungal communities is not a strategy associated with theT. piniperdalife cycle.
Intraprocedural MRI-based dosimetry during transarterial radioembolization of liver tumours with holmium-166 microspheres (EMERITUS-1): a phase I trial towards adaptive, image-controlled treatment delivery
Authors: Roosen Joey , Westlund Gotby Lovisa E. L. , Arntz Mark J. , Fütterer Jurgen J. , Janssen Marcel J. R. , Konijnenberg Mark W. , van Wijk Meike W. M. , Overduin Christiaan G. , Nijsen J. Frank W. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a treatment for liver tumours based on injection of radioactive microspheres in the hepatic arterial system. It is crucial to achieve a maximum tumour dose for an optimal treatment response, while minimizing healthy liver dose to prevent toxicity. There is, however, no intraprocedural feedback on the dose distribution, as nuclear imaging can only be performed after treatment. As holmium-166 (166Ho) microspheres can be quantified with MRI, we investigate the feasibility and safety of performing 166Ho TARE within an MRI scanner and explore the potential of intraprocedural MRI-based dosimetry.

Methods
Six patients were treated with 166Ho TARE in a hybrid operating room. Per injection position, a microcatheter was placed under angiography guidance, after which patients were transported to an adjacent 3-T MRI system. After MRI confirmation of unchanged catheter location, 166Ho microspheres were injected in four fractions, consisting of 10%, 30%, 30% and 30% of the planned activity, alternated with holmium-sensitive MRI acquisition to assess the microsphere distribution. After the procedures, MRI-based dose maps were calculated from each intraprocedural image series using a dedicated dosimetry software package for 166Ho TARE.

Results
Administration of 166Ho microspheres within the MRI scanner was feasible in 9/11 (82%) injection positions. Intraprocedural holmium-sensitive MRI allowed for tumour dosimetry in 18/19 (95%) of treated tumours. Two CTCAE grade 3–4 toxicities were observed, and no adverse events were attributed to treatment in the MRI. Towards the last fraction, 4/18 tumours exhibited signs of saturation, while in 14/18 tumours, the microsphere uptake patterns did not deviate from the linear trend.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated feasibility and preliminary safety of a first in-human application of TARE within a clinical MRI system. Intraprocedural MRI-based dosimetry enabled dynamic insight in the microsphere distribution during TARE. This proof of concept yields unique possibilities to better understand microsphere distribution in vivo and to potentially optimize treatment efficacy through treatment personalization.

Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04269499, registered on February 13, 2020 (retrospectively registered).
Urologists are optimistic surgeons: prevalence and predictors of discordance between intraoperative stone-free rate and cross-sectional imaging evaluation after vacuum-assisted mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Jannello Letizia Maria Ippolita , Turetti Matteo , Silvani Carlo , Galbiati Gilda , Garbagnati Susanna , Pozzi Efrem , Malfatto Matteo , Zanetti Stefano Paolo , Longo Fabrizio , De Lorenzis Elisa , Albo Giancarlo , Salonia Andrea , Montanari Emanuele , Boeri Luca 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess how accurate are urologists in predicting stone-free status (SFS) after vacuum-assisted mini-PCNL (vamPCNL) compared to computed tomography (CT) and clinical predictors of discordant SFS.

Methods
Data from 235 patients who underwent vamPCNL were analysed. Patient’s demographics, stones’ characteristics and operative data were recorded. SFS was evaluated intraoperatively by the treating urologist (iSFS) and with non-contrast CT 3 months after vamPCNL (ctSFS). SFS was defined as no residual stones. Stone complexity was scored with the Guy’s score. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to identify clinical factors associated with discordant SFS (namely iSFS not confirmed at CT).

Results
iSFS and ctSFS were 88.5% and 65.5%, respectively, with 54 (23%) cases resulting in discordant evaluation of SFS between the surgeon and CT imaging. Patients with discordant SFS had larger stone volume (p < 0.001), higher rate of multiple stones (p = 0.03) and higher rate of multiple calyceal groups affected by stones (p < 0.001) than those with concordant SFS. The use of flexible ureteroscopes to look for residual stones after lithotripsy was more frequently reported in cases with concordant SFS (p = 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that stones in > 2 calyceal groups (OR 10.2, p < 0.001), Guy’s score II (OR 5.8, p < 0.01) and not using flexible ureteroscopes after lithotripsy (OR 2.9, p = 0.02) were independent predictors of discordant SFS.

Conclusion
One out of five patients is erroneously considered SF after vamPCNL. Urologist should carefully evaluate patients with multiple calyceal stones and consider using flexible ureteroscopes to complete lapaxy of migrated fragments in order to improve their prediction of SFS.
Bicalutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, effectively alleviate allergic rhinitis via suppression of PI3K–PKB activity
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Qilei , Wu Xinyang , Wu Geping , Ma Xingkai , Cheng Lei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the therapeutic effect of Bicalutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist on the onset and development of allergic rhinitis in an animal model.

Methods
40 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups (eight mice per group). Aluminum hydroxide powder was used as an adjuvant, combined with Ovalbumin (OVA) to establish the mouse model of allergic rhinitis via ultrasonic nebulization of OVA to stimulate the nasal cavity. Mice in Bica#1 group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.02 mg Bicalutamide/0.5 ml of normal saline daily for 7 consecutive days; mice in Bica#2 group were administered 0.02 mg Bicalutamide/0.5 ml of normal saline via intraperitoneal injection for 5 consecutive days, and then the same amount of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally for 2 consecutive days. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adopted to detect the serological levels of IgE, IL-4, and IL-6 production. Eosinophil infiltration was observed under microscope after hematoxylin and eosin staining of nasal mucosa. Quantitative PCR and Western blot were employed for determination of histamine receptors mRNA expression and PI3K/PKB associated protein levels, respectively.

Results
Histological analysis shown that allergic lesion was induced after OVA sensitization. Intraperitoneal injection with 0.02 mg Bicalutamide daily for 7 consecutive days significantly reduced the allergic lesion; however, mice injected with the same amount of normal saline at the same time demonstrated no allergic rhinitis symptoms. In addition, there was a significant reduction in eosinophils number in Bicalutamide treated mice (n = 8) compared to the OVA group (n = 8) (OVA: 19.6 ± 5.3 vs. Bica#1: 7.7 ± 0.8 vs. Bica#2: 9.4 ± 1.2, both p < 0.01). Furthermore, ELISA results revealed that the serological levels of IgE (OVA: 17.3 ± 1.7 µg/ml vs. Bica#1: 9.2 ± 0.6 vs. Bica#2: 10.4 ± 2.3, both p < 0.05), IL-4 (OVA: 164.3 ± 5.1 pg/ml vs. Bica#1: 110.2 ± 3.1 vs. Bica#2: 115.3 ± 4.1, both p < 0.05) and IL-6 (OVA: 167.3 ± 3.7 pg/ml vs. Bica#1: 117.5 ± 6.5 vs. Bica#2: 114.8 ± 2.4, both p < 0.05) were significantly decreased after two different dosage of Bicalutamide treatment. Similarly, histamine receptors in mast cells were significantly reduced after two different dosage of Bicalutamide treatment. More importantly, p-PKB protein was notably reduced after two different dosage of Bicalutamide treatment compared to the OVA group, mTOR protein levels were also down regulated after two different dosage of Bicalutamide treatment.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrated that androgen receptor antagonist Bicalutamide can significantly alleviate allergic rhinitis lesion in the animal model. PI3K/PKB activity in mast cells was suppressed after Bicalutamide injection. Our results provide important implication in allergic rhinitis prevention and treatment.
Forschendes Lernen in der Empirischen Medizinethik
Authors: Haltaufderheide Joschka , Kühlmeyer Katja 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Erwerb von Fach- und Forschungskompetenzen kann im besonderen Maße in Lehrveranstaltungen gefördert werden, die Studierende mit der Bewältigung komplexer Probleme konfrontieren. In diesem Artikel stellen wir didaktische Überlegungen zum Forschenden Lernen in der Empirischen Medizinethik dar. Ausgehend von der Theorie des Pragmatismus zeigen wir auf, wie Forschendes Lernen in Lehrangeboten verwirklicht und für die Förderung medizinethischer Kompetenzen genutzt werden kann. Wir fokussieren dabei auf Lehr- und Lernprojekte, in denen die selbstorganisierte Durchführung empirisch-ethischer Forschung für Studierende prozesshaft erfahrbar gemacht werden kann. Solche Lehrangebote bieten große Potenziale, vor allem im Hinblick auf die Erweiterung von Reflexionskompetenzen der Studierenden. Eine Aufnahme solcher Lehrangebote in die fakultative Medizinethik-Lehre wird im Hinblick auf kontextuelle Herausforderungen diskutiert.
What is worthy of investigation?
Authors: Carl Merlin , Schmitz Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe describe in dialogue form a possible way of discovering and investigating 10-adic numbers starting from the naive question about a “largest natural number”. Among the topics we pursue are possibilities of extensions to transfinite 10-adic numbers, 10-adic representations of rational numbers, zero divisors, square roots and 10-adic roots of higher degree of natural numbers, and applications of 10-adic number representation in computer arithmetic. The participants of the dialogue are idealized embodiments of different philosophical attitudes towards mathematics. The article aims at illustrating how these attitudes interact, in both jarring and stimulating ways, and how they impact mathematical development. Moreover, the article demonstrates how different attitudes translate into mathematical heuristics. In our opinion this is also relevant for teaching mathematics as it raises consciousness for reflections on how mathematical investigations work.
Neurophysiological assessment of juvenile parkinsonism due to primary monoamine neurotransmitter disorders
Authors: Passaretti Massimiliano , Pollini Luca , Paparella Giulia , De Biase Alessandro , Colella Donato , Angelini Luca , Galosi Serena , Manti Filippo , Guerra Andrea , Leuzzi Vincenzo , Berardelli Alfredo , Bologna Matteo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNo studies have investigated voluntary movement abnormalities and their neurophysiological correlates in patients with parkinsonism due to inherited primary monoamine neurotransmitter (NT) disorders. Nine NT disorders patients and 16 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Objective measurements of repetitive finger tapping were obtained using a motion analysis system. Primary motor cortex (M1) excitability was assessed by recording the input/output (I/O) curve of motor-evoked potentials (MEP) and using a conditioning test paradigm for short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) assessment. M1 plasticity-like mechanisms were indexed according to MEPs amplitude changes after the paired associative stimulation protocol. Patient values were considered abnormal if they were greater or lower than two standard deviations from the average HCs value. Patients with aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase defects showed markedly reduced velocity (5/5 patients), reduced movement amplitude, and irregular rhythm (4/5 patients). Conversely, only 1 out of 3 patients with autosomal-dominant GTPCH deficiency showed abnormal movement parameters. Interestingly, none of the patients had a progressive reduction in movement amplitude or velocity during the tapping sequence (no sequence effect). Reduced SICI was the most prominent neurophysiological abnormality in patients (5/9 patients). Finally, the I/O curve slope correlated with movement velocity and rhythm in patients. We provided an objective assessment of finger tapping abnormalities in monoamine NT disorders. We also demonstrated M1 excitability changes possibly related to alterations in motor execution. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of juvenile parkinsonism due to dopamine deficiency.