bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A genome-wide association study of lateral root number for Asian cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.)
Authors: HU Daowu , HE Shoupu , SUN Gaofei , JIA Yinhua , GENG Xiaoli , WANG Liru , PAN Zhaoe , CHEN Baojun , LI Hongge , ZUBAIR Iqbal , WANG Xiaoyang , ZHAO Zibo , GE Yuting , PANG Baoyin , DU Xiongming 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The lateral root is one of the most important organs that constitute the root architecture system in plants. It can directly affect the contact area between plants and soil and plays an important role in plant structural support and nutrient absorption. Optimizing root architecture systems can greatly increase crop yields. This study was designed to identify the molecular markers and candidate genes associated with lateral root development in cotton and to evaluate correlations with yield and disease traits.

Result
The number of lateral roots for 14-day old seedlings was recorded for 215 Gossypium arboreum accessions. A correlation analysis showed that the number of lateral roots positively correlates with the sympodial branch node and seed index traits, but negatively correlates with lint percentage. A Genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 18 significant SNPs with 19 candidate genes associated with the lateral root number. Expression analysis identified three genes (FLA12, WRKY29, and RBOHA) associated with lateral root development.

Conclusion
GWAS analysis identified key SNPs and candidate genes for lateral root number, and genes of FLA12, WRKY29, and RBOHA may play a pivotal role in lateral root development in Asian cotton.
Exposing the nuances of traditional Malay Kuih in Mersing district, Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Kamaruzaman Mohd Yusof , Ab. Karim Muhammad Shahrim , Che Ishak Farah Adibah , Arshad Mohd Mursyid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTraditional food has long been recognised as an integral aspect of community across the globe. It varies from one community to another and is treasured as an image representation. Traditional Malay kuih in Malaysia, however, lacks its definition. The word kuih itself is loosely used to group a collection of either sweet desserts or savoury snacks. Acknowledging that the district of Mersing in Johor is an underexposed heritage site in Malaysia, this study disinters the traditional Malay kuih nuances as a regional ethnic food. Qualitative method was employed involving 14 kuih experts in Mersing to answer the research question “What is the meaning of traditional Malay kuih in Mersing?” in which semi-structured, in-depth, and face-to-face interviews were conducted. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim to ensure accurate results. Thematic analysis was used to identify the codes, categories, and themes as the nuances of traditional Malay kuih in Mersing. The themes enlist (i) the use of native crops, (ii) the practice of conventional Malay cooking methods, (iii) the enculturation of Malaysia’s east coast traditions, and (iv) the enrichment of sub-ethnic traditions among the Malays. It was found that the analysed nuances of traditional Malay kuih reinstated the individuality and uniqueness of the Malay ethnic’s gastronomy in Malaysia. In short, this paper provides an in-depth exploration of the Malay’s unique culture and heritage in Malaysia, thus benefitting the scholars, local tourism board, entrepreneurs, consumers, among others.
Sarcoma of unknown primary: myth or reality?
Authors: Rassy Elie , Abou-Jaoude Rosy , Boussios Stergios , Assi Tarek , Kattan Joseph , Khaled Hussein , Pavlidis Nicholas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Sarcoma of unknown primary (SUP) designates an enigmatic entity with histologic confirmation of a metastatic tumor without an identifiable primary after a thorough diagnostic workup. The term “unknown primary” is heavily debatable given that sarcomas can arise from any tissue that harbors its histological structure. In this review, we discuss the validity of SUP as a distinct entity.

Main body of the abstract
Medline/PubMed and Google Scholar were searched from 1990 until April 2020 for publications in the English language reporting on SUP. We excluded articles reporting on cases with sarcomas from known organ sites such as lung or uterine sarcomas as well as synovial sarcomas. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compute the median overall survival. A total of 26 patients with SUP were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 17.5 years with a similar prevalence among men and women. The tumors most commonly reported were alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma not otherwise specified. Almost two-thirds of the patients were reported to have more than one metastatic site. Among the 13 patients with survival data, the median overall survival was 10.0 months. Two patients underwent autopsy and had their primary culprit identified in the chest wall and paravertebral.

Conclusions
This review showed that SUP shares with sarcomas of known primary similar clinical features including an aggressive clinical course, generally poor response to chemotherapy, and dismal patient outcomes. Thus, SUP does not appear to display a different natural history and biological properties that would allude to a distinct entity.
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing: part 2 – wider use in stress and trauma conditions
Authors: Javinsky Tori-Rose , Udo Itoro , Awani Tuoyo 
Published: June 2022

SUMMARYEye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an established psychotherapy that utilises repetitive, bilateral stimulation, such as saccadic eye movements, to treat the symptoms associated with traumatic experiences. Much of the attention EMDR has received has focused on its use in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which has resulted in its inclusion in several treatment guidelines. There is, however, emerging evidence that suggests a promising role for EMDR in managing a wide range of other mental and physical health conditions. High-quality studies demonstrate the efficacy of EMDR in managing conditions such as anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, major depressive disorder and chronic pain. Preliminary studies have also investigated its use in conditions such as bipolar disorder, eating disorders, substance misuse, psychotic disorders and sleep disturbances. The major studies exploring these applications of EMDR, outside of PTSD, are reviewed in this article.
Future directions for active matter on ordered substrates
Authors: Reichhardt C. , Libál A. , Reichhardt C. J. O. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Active matter is a term encompassing particle-based assemblies with some form of self-propulsion, including certain biological systems as well as synthetic systems such as artificial colloidal swimmers, all of which can exhibit a remarkable variety of new kinds of nonequilibrium phenomena. A wealth of non-active condensed matter systems can be described in terms of a collection of particles coupled to periodic substrates, leading to the emergence of commensurate-incommensurate effects, Mott phases, tribology effects, and pattern formation. It is natural to ask how such phases are modified when the system is active. Here we provide an overview and future directions for studying individual and collectively interacting active matter particles coupled to periodic substrates, where new types of commensuration effects, directional locking, and active phases can occur. Further directions for exploration include directional locking effects, the realization of active solitons or active defects in incommensurate phases, active Mott phases, active artificial spin ice, active doping transitions, active floating phases, active surface physics, active matter time crystals, and active tribology.
The Specialist Anesthesiology Workforce in East, Central, and Southern Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Asingei Juventine , O’Flynn Eric P. , O’Donovan Diarmuid T. , Masuka Sophia C. , Mashava Doreen , Akello Faith V. , Ulisubisya Mpoki M. 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
The populations of the East, Central, and Southern African regions receive only a fraction of the surgical procedures they require, and patients are more likely to die after surgery than the global average. An insufficient anesthetic workforce is a key barrier to safe surgery. The anesthetic workforce in this region includes anesthesiologists and nonphysician anesthesia providers. A detailed understanding of the anesthesiologist workforce in East, Central, and Southern Africa is required to devise strategies for the training, retention, and distribution of the workforce.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional study of the anesthesiologist workforce of the 8 member countries of the College of Anaesthesiologists of East, Central, and Southern Africa (CANECSA) was undertaken. Data collection took place between May 2020 and September 2020 using existing databases and was validated through direct contact with anesthesiologists and other hospital staff. Primary outcomes were: total number of anesthesiologists in the region and their demographics, including gender, age, country of practice, current work location, country of origin, and country where they received their initial anesthesia qualification.

RESULTS:
Within the CANECSA member countries, 411 qualified anesthesiologists were identified (0.19 per 100,000 population). The median age was 41 years, and one-third were women. The majority (67.5%) were based in urban areas with a population >1 million people, and most are used by government institutions (61.6%). Most anesthesiologists in the region were trained (89.1%) and currently work (95.1%) in their home country.

CONCLUSIONS:
The numbers of anesthesiologists in CANECSA member countries are extremely low—about 5% of the minimum recommended figures—and poorly distributed relative to the population. Strategies are required to expand the anesthesia workforce and address maldistribution.
Feedforward regulatory logic controls the specification-to-differentiation transition and terminal cell fate during Caenorhabditis elegans endoderm development
Authors: Ewe Chee Kiang , Sommermann Erica M. , Kenchel Josh , Flowers Sagen E. , Maduro Morris F. , Joshi Pradeep M. , Rothman Joel H. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The architecture of gene regulatory networks determines the specificity and fidelity of developmental outcomes. We report that the core regulatory circuitry for endoderm development in Caenorhabditis elegans operates through a transcriptional cascade consisting of six sequentially expressed GATA-type factors that act in a recursive series of interlocked feedforward modules. This structure results in sequential redundancy, in which removal of a single factor or multiple alternate factors in the cascade leads to a mild or no effect on gut development, whereas elimination of any two sequential factors invariably causes a strong phenotype. The phenotypic strength is successfully predicted with a computational model based on the timing and levels of transcriptional states. We found that one factor in the middle of the cascade, END-1, which straddles the distinct events of specification and differentiation, functions in both processes. Finally, we reveal roles for key GATA factors in establishing spatial regulatory state domains by repressing other fates, thereby defining boundaries in the digestive tract. Our findings provide a paradigm that could account for the genetic redundancy observed in many developmental regulatory systems.
Long-term therapeutic effect of percutaneous kyphoplasty combined with & without back muscle rehabilitation exercise in elderly patients. A comparative study
Authors: Jin Jun , Shen Weihui 
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To know the long-term therapeutic effects and the pain improvement after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) combined with and without back muscle rehabilitation exercises in elderly patients with osteoporotic lumbar compression fractures.
Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis using records of elderly patients with osteoporotic lumbar compression fracture treated in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2020. We extracted relevant hospitalization treatment and record of follow-up data after discharge from 45 patients treated with PKP (Group-I) and 56 treated with PKP combined with back muscle rehabilitation exercises (Group-II). We compared the total effective lumbar function rates(number of effective and perfectly effective treatments/total number of patients) and inprovement in pain of the two treatment schemes.
Results: The total efficacy in the group receiving treatment in Group-II was 96.43% higher than that of the patients receiving treatment in Group-I (84.44%; P<0.05). The pain VAS scores at one, six and 12 months in patients receiving treatment in Group-II were lower than those patients receiving treatment in Group-I (P<0.05). A year after the operation, the Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores in patients receiving treatment in Group-II were lower than those patients receiving treatment in Group-I (P<0.05). Whereas Japan Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores were higher in the patient’s receiving treatment in Group-II as compared to Group-I (P<0.05).
Conclusion: After elderly patients were treated with PKP combined with back muscle rehabilitation exercise of lumbar and dorsal muscle function, the curative effect was significantly improved, the pain was reduced and the lumbar function was significantly improved.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5873
How to cite this:Jin J, Shen W. Long-term therapeutic effect of percutaneous kyphoplasty combined with & without back muscle rehabilitation exercise in elderly patients. A comparative study. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.6.5873
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Atypical odontalgia and trigeminal neuralgia: psychological, behavioral and psychopharmacological approach in a dental clinic – an overview of pathologies related to the challenging differential diagnosis in orofacial pain
Authors: Tizzoni Riccardo , Tizzoni Marta , Clerici Carlo Alfredo 
Published: June 2022

Orofacial pain represents a challenge for dentists, especially if it does not have an odontogenic origin. Orofacial neuropathic pain may be chronic, is arduous to localize and may develop without obvious pathology. Comorbid psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression, coexist and negatively affect this condition. This article presents one case of atypical odontalgia and one of trigeminal neuralgia treated with psychological and psychopharmacological tailored and adapted therapies, after conventional medications had failed. Additionally, an overview of the pathologies related to the challenging differential diagnosis in orofacial pain is given. A 68-year-old man complained of chronic throbbing and burning pain in a maxillary tooth, which worsened upon digital pressure. Symptoms did not abate after amitriptyline therapy; psychological intervention along with antianxiety drug were supplemented and antidepressant agent dosage were incremented. The patient reported improvement and satisfaction with the multidisciplinary approach to his pathology. A 72-year-old man complained of chronic stabbing, intermittent, sharp, shooting and electric shock-like pain in an upper tooth, radiating and following the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. Pain did not recur after psychological intervention and a prescription of antidepressant and antianxiety agents, while carbamazepine therapy had not been sufficient to control pain. Due to concerns with comorbid psychiatric disorders, we adopted a patient-centered, tailored and balanced therapy, favorably changing clinical outcomes. Comorbid psychiatric disorders have a negative impact on orofacial pain, and dentists should consider adopting tailored therapies, such as psychological counselling and behavioral and psychopharmacologic strategies, besides conventional treatments. They also must be familiar with the signs and symptoms of orofacial pain, obtaining a comprehensive view of the pathologies concerning the differential diagnosis. A prompt diagnosis may prevent pain chronicity, avoiding an increase in complexity and a shift to orofacial neuropathic pain and legal claims.
Utilizing data sampling techniques on algorithmic fairness for customer churn prediction with data imbalance problems
Authors: Maw Maw , Haw Su-Cheng , Ho Chin-Kuan 
Published: June 2022

Background: Customer churn prediction (CCP) refers to detecting which customers are likely to cancel the services provided by a service provider, for example, internet services. The class imbalance problem (CIP) in machine learning occurs when there is a huge difference in the samples of the positive class compared to the negative class. It is one of the major obstacles in CCP as it deteriorates performance in the classification process. Utilizing data sampling techniques (DSTs) helps to resolve the CIP to some extent. Methods: In this paper, we review the effect of using DSTs on algorithmic fairness, i.e., to investigate whether the results pose any discrimination between male and female groups and compare the results before and after using DSTs. Three real-world datasets with unequal balancing rates were prepared and four ubiquitous DSTs were applied to them. Six popular classification techniques were utilized in the classification process. Both classifier’s performance and algorithmic fairness are evaluated with notable metrics. Results: The results indicated that the Random Forest classifier outperforms other classifiers in all three datasets and, that using SMOTE and ADASYN techniques causes more discrimination in the female group. The rate of unintentional discrimination seems to be higher in the original data of extremely unbalanced datasets under the following classifiers: Logistics Regression, LightGBM, and XGBoost. Conclusions: Algorithmic fairness has become a broadly studied area in recent years, yet there is very little systematic study on the effect of using DSTs on algorithmic fairness. This study presents important findings to further the use of algorithmic fairness in CCP research.
Stakeholders’ readiness in the development of an Islamic smart city
Authors: Raja Haron Raja Faisal , Mahdee Junainah , Abu Bakar Normazalila 
Published: June 2022

Background - Smart City integrates systems with the latest technologies to enable fast track of information and decision making by individuals, government, businesses, and public. Smart City connects people and information to manage public amenities, control crime rates, enhance services effectiveness, create vibrant, competitive, and innovative cities, and improve quality of life. Islamic Smart City can be defined as a smart city that incorporates the Islamic Syariah from Al-Quran and Hadith as a way of life; and impart the main component of Islamic Syariah compliance in individual and organisational behaviour aspects such as ethics, cleanliness, trust, security, and others. This research aims to explore the stakeholders’ readiness in four aspects of technology, human, institutional and Islamic factors, which are important in the development and implementation of the Islamic Smart City. Methods – This qualitative research design collected data through interviews with 20 selected stakeholders. Results– The findings provide the state government with insights into stakeholders’ readiness, which is crucial to the development of Islamic Smart City. The findings also show that the stakeholders’ readiness in the technology is high; but it is lacking in the Institutional and Islamic factors. Conclusion: This research provides insights that the development of Islamic Smart City requires major concern such as ensuring the stakeholders’ readiness for technology, human factors, the institutional and the Islamic factors are met.
Reflections on recruiting healthcare professionals as research participants: Learning from the ONSPres Study
Authors: Browne Sarah , Dooley Siobhra , Geraghty Aisling , Dominguez Castro Patricia , Reynolds Ciara , Perrotta Carla , Kelly Lucy , McCallum Kimberley , Clyne Barbara , Bradley Catriona , Bury Gerard , Kennelly Sharon , Corish Clare ,   ONSPres Malnutrition Research Study Team
Published: June 2022

The involvement of healthcare professionals (HCPs) as research participants is essential to generate high quality evidence for enhancing health services and practice. Research teams face many challenges in recruiting HCPs for research, and barriers and enablers for interdisciplinary research are not well described in the literature. The Oral Nutritional Supplement Prescribing Malnutrition Research Study (ONSPres Study) examined malnutrition identification, management, and appropriate oral nutritional supplement prescribing in primary care in Ireland. The ONSPres Study offers a unique view of recruiting HCPs for research because a range of disciplines were sought for participation in a mixed methods study. The purpose of this open letter is to describe the experiences of recruitment and participation. Sixteen general practitioners (GPs) were recruited to participate in one-to-one interviews, eighty health and social care professionals working in community care (including nurses, pharmacists, dietitians, physiotherapists, speech and language therapists, and occupational therapists) were recruited to take part in 12 focus groups, and 31 GPs and trainee GPs were recruited to participate in an education programme developed by the study team. Strategies required to gain access and reach HCPs differed between disciplines. Professional networks enhanced access to HCPs working in practice and recruitment was slower and more tailored when those networks were less available to the team. An interest in malnutrition, to assist in research, to advance patient care, and the opportunity for learning were incentives for the participating HCPs. Limitations in the diversity of the sample arose, with a bias towards female participants and GPs motivated by an interest in the topic. It is recommended that study teams collaborate early with relevant HCP disciplines so they can contribute to recruitment planning at project concept and design stages. To enhance and incentivise HCP participation in research, dedicated time and acknowledgement of participation as continuous professional development is proposed.
The Quality of Everyday Eye Contact in Williams Syndrome: Insights From Cross-Syndrome Comparisons
Authors: Ridley Ellen , Arnott Bronia , Riby Deborah M. , Burt D. Michael , Hanley Mary , Leekam Susan R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Past research shows that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) have heightened and prolonged eye contact. Using parent report measures, we examined not only the presence of eye contact but also its qualitative features. Study 1 included individuals with WS (n = 22, ages 6.0–36.3). Study 2 included children with different neurodevelopmental (ND) conditions (WS, autism spectrum condition, fragile X syndrome, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) and children with neurotypical development (NT; n = 262, ages 4.0–17.11). Unusual eye contact features, including staring, were found in approximately half of the WS samples. However, other features such as brief glances were frequently found in WS and in all ND conditions, but not NT. Future research in ND conditions should focus on qualitative as well as quantitative features of eye contact.