bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black Children With Developmental Disabilities Receive Less Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention Than Their White Peers: Preliminary Evidence of Racial Disparities From a Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Pope Lauramarie , Light Janice , Franklin Amber 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Ensuring equitable access to augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention services for children with complex communication needs (CCN) is crucial. Evidence suggests that racial disparities exist in access to communication interventions, disadvantaging Black children. However, no research has investigated specifically the evidence for racial disparities in AAC services for children with developmental disabilities and CCN.

Method:

The current study applied post hoc data analysis methods within a preexisting, open-access data set to explore preliminary evidence of racial disparities in AAC intervention. Amount of AAC intervention was compared for Black versus white

1

preschool students at study initiation (
M
age
= 3;8 [years;months]) and 2 years later at study completion (
M
age
= 5;10).

Results:
Black preschool students were reported to receive significantly less AAC intervention per week as compared to their white peers, both at study initiation and 2 years later. By study end, 75% of the Black children were receiving less than 60 min of AAC intervention per week, an inadequate amount to achieve meaningful gains given their significant disabilities.

Conclusions:
It is unclear what mechanisms may contribute to the observed disparities; however, it is critical that concrete steps are taken by individual speech-language pathologists, school districts, preservice preparation programs, and researchers to identify inequities in AAC services and take actions to rectify them. Future research is essential to investigate the potential factors contributing to inequalities and determine effective interventions to address them.
Sparse channel estimation algorithms for OTFS system
Authors: Ouchikh Rabah , Aïssa‐El‐Bey Abdeldjalil , Chonavel Thierry , Djeddou Mustapha 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOrthogonal time‐frequency space (OTFS) modulation, which has recently been proposed in the literature, is one of the promising techniques designed in the 2D Delay‐Doppler domain adapted to combat high Doppler fading channels. However, channel estimation in high Doppler scenarios in advanced mobile‐communication systems is still a challenging task. In this paper, the problem of channel estimation in the Delay‐Doppler domain of the OTFS is focused on. First, a simple adaptation of the generalized orthogonal matching pursuit procedure, which will serve as a baseline method in this work, is proposed. Then, iterative algorithms are derived beneficiating from the sparsity of the channel. The unknown channel vector is separated into an unknown sparse support vector corresponding to the delay and Doppler taps, and an unknown vector of channel gains. These algorithms involve ℓ1‐norm minimization and a two‐stage iterative procedure to recover alternatively the channel support and its coefficients. The estimation problem is also addressed from a Bayesian point of view. The sparse representation is reformulated as a specific marginalization of the maximum a posteriori problem on the support of the channel. To deal with the intractability of this problem, two existing techniques are adapted to this context, namely: The Monte Carlo Markov chain with the Gibbs sampler and variational mean‐field approximation with the variational Bayesian expectation‐maximization procedure. Finally, to assess the performance of the proposed algorithms, their complexity and performance are compared against existing methods. Experimental tests, conducted in high‐mobility scenarios and low‐latency applications, show that the proposed schemes are slightly more expensive in terms of complexity load but perform significantly better in terms of normalized mean square error and bit error rate.
Distributed MPC algorithm with row‐stochastic weight matrix over non‐ideal time‐varying directed communication
Authors: Zhao Duqiao , Liu Ding , Liu Linxiong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDistributed model predictive control (DMPC) approaches have achieved remarkable results in complex multiple subsystems network applications, such as unmanned aerial vehicle and sensor control networks. However, most of the existing DMPC algorithms require that the communication network of subsystems is time‐invariant or undirected with local constraints, by ignoring the cooperation of multiple subsystems with global constraint in the non‐ideal communication network, which greatly limits the applicability of the algorithms. To this end, the authors develop a fully DMPC algorithm of linear system with global constraint over time‐varying unbalanced directed communication. Considering the uncertainty of communication network, this algorithm can handle the non‐ideal communication network (e.g. communication noise, communication delay). Specifically, the row‐stochastic weight matrix is adopted to improve the independent controllability of subsystems. Under reasonable assumptions, it is proved that the algorithm can converge to the optimal solution while guaranteeing the recursive feasibility and exponential stability of closed‐loop system. Finally, the simulation experiments are shown to substantiate the convergence and robustness of the proposed algorithm.
An event knowledge graph system for the operation and maintenance of power equipment
Authors: Tian Jiapeng , Song Hui , Sheng Gehao , Jiang Xiuchen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPower equipment operation and maintenance (O&M) requires plenty of domain knowledge to improve equipment security and power grid reliability. However, most knowledge is implicitly represented by the semantic text, which is hard to be comprehended by algorithms and restricts the intelligence level of equipment O&M. Therefore, this article proposes an event knowledge graph system to automatically extract event knowledge from O&M reports and represent the knowledge by an event knowledge graph (KG). First, a bidirectional long short‐term memory network (BiLSTM) combined with conditional random field (CRF) is employed to recognize the entities. Next, an attention‐based sequence‐to‐sequence model is proposed to detect multiple events and extract document‐level representation vectors. Then, a tree‐based table filling strategy is utilized to complete the artificially designed event tables. Finally, the proposed system renders the event tables into an event KG. Verified by the experiments, the proposed system outperforms the baselines with the F‐measure of 83.5% for event extraction and 94.2% for event detection. When dealing with coexisting events and scattering arguments, the F‐measure of the proposed system achieves 74.8% and 79.0%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed system has positive effects on intelligent retrieval, fault diagnosis, and condition assessment, verifying its potential value for equipment O&M.
Moving target detection method based on CUR‐RPCA for missing array elements
Authors: Shi Jianli , Guo Yifan , Qi Hua , Wang Yingmin , Cheng Siyuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMoving target detection performance is seriously affected by missing array elements for multichannel synthetic aperture radar (Multi‐SAR) systems. Meanwhile, there is a contradiction between the accuracy of data recovery and the computational burden in traditional methods. To solve the problems, a moving target detection method based on CUR‐RPCA for missing array elements is proposed in this paper. First, key nodes of the echo data are extracted and rearranged into a low‐rank matrix. Then we uses the low‐rank characteristic to complete key nodes of data. Subsequently, complete echo data is constructed by utilising recovered key nodes of data and CUR decomposition. Therefore using the ideas of CUR and RPCA, a novel optimization problem is constructed to achieve separation of moving targets and clutter while recovering data. In addition, only key nodes of the data is completed to achieve the performance of all data recovery, so that the disadvantage of low computational efficiency has been overcome for traditional matrix completion methods. Finally, the superior clutter suppression performance of the proposed method is verified by several numerical simulations and comparative studies.
Magnetised winds in transition discs
Authors: Martel Étienne , Lesur Geoffroy 
Published: August 2022

Context. Protoplanetary discs are cold, dense, and weakly ionised environments that witness planetary formation. Among these discs, transition discs (TDs) are characterised by a wide cavity (up to tens of au) in the dust and gas distribution. Despite this lack of material, a considerable fraction of TDs are still strongly accreting onto their central star, possibly indicating that a mechanism is driving fast accretion in TD cavities.
Aims. The presence of radially extended ‘dead zones’ in protoplanetary discs has recently revived interest in magnetised disc winds (MDWs), where accretion is driven by a large magnetic field extracting angular momentum from the disc. We propose that TDs could be subject to similar disc winds, and that these could naturally explain the fast-accreting and long-lived cavities inferred in TDs.
Methods. We present the results of the first 2.5D global numerical simulations of TDs harbouring MDWs using the PLUTO code. We imposed a cavity in the gas distribution with various density contrasts, and considered a power-law distribution for the large-scale magnetic field strength. We assume the disc is weakly ionised and is therefore subject to ambipolar diffusion, as expected in this range of densities and temperatures.
Results. We find that our simulated TDs always reach a steady state with an inner cavity and an outer ‘standard’ disc. These models also maintain an approximately constant accretion rate through the entire structure, reaching 10−7 M⊚ yr−1 for typical surface density values. The MDW launched from the cavity is more magnetised and has a significantly larger lever arm (up to 10) than the MDW launched from the outer disc. The material in the cavity is accreted at sonic velocities, and the cavity itself is rotating at 70% of the Keplerian velocity due to the efficient magnetic braking imposed by the MDW. Overall, our cavity matches the dynamical properties of an inner jet emitting disc (JED) and of magnetically arrested discs (MADs) in black-hole physics. Finally, we observe that the cavity is subject to recurring accretion bursts that may be driven by a magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability of the cavity edge.
Conclusions. Some strongly accreting TDs could be the result of magnetised wind sculpting protoplanetary discs. Kinematic diagnostics of the disc or the wind (orbital velocity, wind speeds, accretion velocities) could disentangle classic photo-evaporation from MDW models.
A decade-long magnetic monitoring of Vega
Authors: Petit P. , Böhm T. , Folsom C. P. , Lignières F. , Cang T. 
Published: August 2022

Aims. The very weak magnetic field detected at the surface of Vega hints at a widespread population of weakly magnetic stars of A and B spectral types. We contribute here to gather more clues about the origin of this magnetism by investigating the long-term stability of the field geometry of this prototypical star.
Methods. We use spectropolarimetric data collected as part of a long-term campaign, with more than 2000 observations spread between 2008 and 2018. Using various sub-sets extracted from the whole time series, we reconstruct several maps of the large-scale surface magnetic field.
Results. We confirm that the polarimetric signal is modulated according to a ~0.68 d period, which we interpret as the stellar rotation period. The surface magnetic field is organized in a complex geometry. We confirm the existence of a very localized, polar magnetic spot previously reported for Vega, with a radial field strength of about −5 G. We show that the surface of the star is also covered by a dipole, with a polar strength close to 9 G and a dipole obliquity close to 90°. Both magnetic structures are remarkably stable over one decade. The available data suggest that smaller-scale magnetic spots may not be limited to the polar region, although the poor reliability of their reconstruction does not allow us to firmly conclude about their temporal evolution.
The effect of air supply rate on indoor infection probability in mixing ventilation
Authors: Su Wei , Yang Bin 
Published: August 2022

SARS-Cov-2 has caused enormous damage to society and put human health at a hazardous level. Optimizing air distribution patterns is one of the most useful manners to minimize the infection risk of susceptible individuals. Mixing ventilation is widely used, but the effect of air supply rate on indoor infection probability has not been studied yet. Three air supply rates, including 576, 864 and 1152 m3/h were adopted to study this problem in a simulated room, with dimensions of 5m×5m×2.7m. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method was used to consider indoor flow fields under three cases.
The infection probability was calculated by the revised Wells-Riley model. The results showed that the overall infection probability decreased as the air supply rate increased. Meanwhile, the infectious air exhaled by the infector would flow along with the supply airflow in a certain direction, resulting in a nonuniform distribution of infection probability in the room. Increasing air supply rate and optimizing workstation layout may be two useful manners to reduce infection probability in mixing ventilation rooms.
Risk Factors of Loss of Knee Range of Motion after Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction following Preoperative Recovery of Knee Range of Motion
Authors: Yokoe Takuji , Tajima Takuya , Yamaguchi Nami , Morita Yudai , Chosa Etsuo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe loss of knee range of motion (ROM) is not an uncommon complication after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, the risk factors of loss of knee ROM remain debatable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of loss of knee ROM at 12 months after primary ACLR performed after regaining full knee ROM preoperatively. Consecutive patients who underwent primary ACLR after regaining full ROM between January 2014 and January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who received a surgical arthrolysis within 12 months after ACLR or those who had a loss of knee ROM at 12 months postoperatively were defined as the loss of ROM group. Possible risk factors of loss of knee ROM, including patient demographic, preoperative, surgical, and postoperative factors, were assessed. The notch wide index and radiographic parameters of the tibial spines; medial tibial spine height/tibial length (TL), lateral tibial spine height (LTSH)/TL, and tibial spine width (TSW)/TL, were also assessed. A total of 141 patients (141 knees) were included (mean age, 25.8 ± 11.4 years; male/female, 56/85). Of the 141 patients, three received surgical arthrolysis within 12 months, and 23 had a loss of knee ROM at 12 months after ACLR. On comparing patients with and without loss of knee ROM, significant differences were found in the age (p = 0.04), LTSH/TL (p = 0.02), and TSW/TL (p = 0.02). A multivariate regression analysis showed that the age (odds ratio [OR]; 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.09, p = 0.02), LTSH/TL (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.01–2.1, p = 0.04), and TSW/TL (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65–0.97, p = 0.02) were identified as significant independent risk predictors of loss of knee ROM. This study showed that the incidence of loss of knee ROM at 12 months after primary ACLR was 18.4% (26/141). An older age, a higher LTSH/TL, and a smaller TSW/TL may be associated with loss of knee ROM at 12 months after ACLR.
Advancements in Interventional Oncology of the Chest: Transarterial Chemoembolization and Related Therapies
Authors: Lorenz Jonathan M. , Navuluri Rakesh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhile embolization therapy has been used for many years in the treatment of nonmalignant diseases of the chest, such as pulmonary arteriovenous malformation treatment and bronchial artery embolization for hemorrhage, the application of transarterial techniques to the treatment of chest neoplasms is relatively uncommon. Extrapolating from transarterial chemoembolization techniques used for liver malignancy, investigators have recently sought to expand the indications for transarterial techniques from the control of symptoms such as bleeding to the control of disease progression and potentially survival benefit in patients with malignancies in the chest. This article provides an overview of the current embolotherapy techniques used in the treatment of patients with thoracic malignancies.
Bronchial Artery Embolization
Authors: Kaufman Claire S. , Kwan Sharon W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMassive hemoptysis is a highly morbid medical condition with up to 75% mortality with conservative treatment. Bronchial artery embolization has emerged as the common treatment for both acute massive hemoptysis and chronic hemoptysis. This article will review the clinical presentation, bronchial artery anatomy, embolization procedure, complications, and expected outcomes.
Pleurovenous Shunt Placement for the Management of Nonmalignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: Awwad Andy , Berman Zach , Minocha Jeet 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTherapeutic thoracentesis is a first-line therapy in the management of patients with medically refractory, nonmalignant pleural effusion. However, when required in short intervals, serial thoracenteses can lead to increased procedure-related complications and negatively impact quality of life. Alternative treatment options vary depending on the etiology of fluid accumulation. Hepatic hydrothorax secondary to cirrhosis is a common cause of medically refractory pleural effusion encountered by interventional radiologists. In select patients in whom surgical pleurodesis, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement, and/or tunneled pleural catheter placement cannot be performed or provide inadequate relief, implantation of a pleurovenous (Denver) shunt may assist in palliation. The Denver shunt system allows decompression of pleural fluid into the central venous circulation by utilizing unidirectional valves and a manually operated subcutaneous pump. Though limited reports have described favorable technical and clinical success, more research is required to determine the safety and efficacy of this procedure. This article discusses pleurovenous shunt placement, postprocedure shunt evaluation, and potential associated complications.
Treating Recurrent Pleural Disease: A Review of Indications and Technique for Chemical Pleurodesis for the Interventional Radiologist
Authors: Trivedi Surbhi B. , Niemeyer Matthew 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPleural space diseases such as recurrent pleural effusion and pneumothorax inflict a significant symptomatic burden on patients. Guidelines and studies are available to guide best practices in the setting of refractory effusions, mostly in the setting of malignancy, and recurrent pneumothorax. Less data is available to guide management of refractory transudative effusions. Recurrent pleural effusions can be treated with tunneled pleural catheters or catheter-based pleurodesis. While refractory transudative effusions can benefit from tunneled pleural catheter, this is an area of ongoing research. Regarding recurrent pneumothorax, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) pleurodesis using mechanical or laser/argon beam coagulation is the most effective means of preventing recurrence. Catheter based pleurodesis, a less invasive means of administering chemical sclerosant via percutaneous thoracostomy tube, is only used when surgery is not an option. However, both approaches induce inflammation of the pleural space, resulting in adherence of the parietal and visceral pleura to prevent fluid or air re-accumulation. This article will discuss catheter based chemical pleurodesis geared toward the interventional radiologist, including a review of disease processes and indications, technique, and strategies to mitigate complications as well as a literature review comparing percutaneous chemical pleurodesis to other therapies.
Virtual Surgical Planning in Free Tissue Transfer for Orbito-Maxillary Reconstruction
Authors: Cho Min-Jeong , Hanasono Matthew M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince its introduction, virtual surgical planning (VSP) has been rapidly adopted as a part of reconstructive surgeon's armamentarium. VSP allows reconstructive surgeons to simulate resection, plan osteotomies, and design custom plates. These unique advantages have been especially beneficial for head and neck reconstructive surgeons as there is small room for error and high technical demand in head and neck reconstruction. Despite its popularity, most surgeons have limited experience in using VSP for orbito-maxillary reconstruction as tumors that involve the midface are relatively rare compared with other head and neck oncologic defects. In our institution, we routinely use VSP for orbito-maxillary reconstruction using free fibula flap to provide support for orbit, to restore normal dental occlusion, and to restore midface projection. In this chapter, we will discuss the role of virtual surgical planning and our algorithmic approach of performing orbito-maxillary reconstruction using free tissue transfer.
Construction and Writing Flaws of the Multiple-Choice Questions in the Published Test Banks of Obstetrics and Gynecology: Adoption, Caution, or Mitigation?
Authors: Balaha Magdy H. , El-Ibiary Mona T. , El-Dorf Ayman A. , El-Shewaikh Shereef L. , Balaha Hossam M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background The item-writing flaws (IWFs) in multiple-choice questions (MCQs) can affect test validity. The purpose of this study was to explore the IWFs in the published resources, estimate their frequency and pattern, rank, and compare the current study resources, and propose a possible impact for teachers and test writers.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to December 2020. MCQs from the published MCQ books in Obstetrics and Gynecology was the target resources. They were stratified into four clusters (study-book related, review books, self-assessment books, and online-shared test banks). The sample size was estimated and 2,300 out of 11,195 eligible MCQs were randomly selected. The MCQs (items) were judged on a 20-element compiled checklist that is organized under three sections as follows: (1) structural flaws (seven elements), (2) test-wiseness flaws (five elements), and (3) irrelevant difficulty flaws (eight elements). Rating was done dichotomously, 0 = violating and 1 = not violating. Item flaws were recorded and analyzed using the Excel spreadsheets and IBM SPSS.
Results Twenty three percent of the items (n = 537) were free from any violations, whereas 30% (n = 690) contained one violation, and 47% (n = 1073) contained more than one violation. The most commonly reported IWFs were “Options are Not in Order (61%).” The best questions with the least flaws (75th percentiles) were obtained from the self-assessment books followed by study-related MCQ books. The average scores of good-quality items in the cluster of self-assessment books were significantly higher than other book clusters.
Conclusion There were variable presentations and percentages of item violations. Lower quality questions were observed in review-related MCQ books and the online-shared test banks. Using questions from these resources needs a caution or avoidance strategy. Relative higher quality questions were reported for the self-assessment followed by the study-related MCQ books. An adoption strategy may be applied with mitigation if needed.