bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robustness of Polynomial Stability of Damped Wave Equations
Authors: Baidiuk Dmytro , Paunonen Lassi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this paper we present new results on the preservation of polynomial stability of damped wave equations under addition of perturbing terms. We in particular introduce sufficient conditions for the stability of perturbed two-dimensional wave equations on rectangular domains, a one-dimensional weakly damped Webster’s equation, and a wave equation with an acoustic boundary condition. In the case of Webster’s equation, we use our results to compute explicit numerical bounds that guarantee the polynomial stability of the perturbed equation.
Joint Classification and Regression for Visual Tracking with Fully Convolutional Siamese Networks
Authors: Cui Ying , Guo Dongyan , Shao Yanyan , Wang Zhenhua , Shen Chunhua , Zhang Liyan , Chen Shengyong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVisual tracking of generic objects is one of the fundamental but challenging problems in computer vision. Here, we propose a novel fully convolutional Siamese network to solve visual tracking by directly predicting the target bounding box in an end-to-end manner. We first reformulate the visual tracking task as two subproblems: a classification problem for pixel category prediction and a regression task for object status estimation at this pixel. With this decomposition, we design a simple yet effective Siamese architecture based classification and regression framework, termed SiamCAR, which consists of two subnetworks: a Siamese subnetwork for feature extraction and a classification-regression subnetwork for direct bounding box prediction. Since the proposed framework is both proposal- and anchor-free, SiamCAR can avoid the tedious hyper-parameter tuning of anchors, considerably simplifying the training. To demonstrate that a much simpler tracking framework can achieve superior tracking results, we conduct extensive experiments and comparisons with state-of-the-art trackers on a few challenging benchmarks. Without bells and whistles, SiamCAR achieves leading performance with a real-time speed. Furthermore, the ablation study validates that the proposed framework is effective with various backbone networks, and can benefit from deeper networks. Code is available at https://github.com/ohhhyeahhh/SiamCAR.
Metabolite profiling reveals a connection between aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 and GABA metabolism in breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Dahn Margaret L. , Walsh Hayley R. , Dean Cheryl A. , Giacomantonio Michael A. , Fernando Wasundara , Murphy J Patrick , Walker Olivia L. , Wasson Marie-Claire D. , Gujar Shashi , Pinto Devanand M. , Marcato Paola 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) is a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker and in breast cancer it is associated with triple-negative/basal-like subtypes and aggressive disease. Studies on the mechanisms of ALDH1A3 in cancer have primarily focused on gene expression changes induced by the enzyme; however, its effects on metabolism have thus far been unstudied and may reveal novel mechanisms of pathogenesis.

Objective
Determine how ALDH1A3 alters the metabolite profile in breast cancer cells and assess potential impacts.

Method
Triple-negative MDA-MB-231 tumors and cells with manipulated ALDH1A3 levels were assessed by HPLC–MS metabolomics and metabolite data was integrated with transcriptome data. Mice harboring MDA-MB-231 tumors with or without altered ALDH1A3 expression were treated with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or placebo. Effects on tumor growth, and lungs and brain metastasis were quantified by staining of fixed thin sections and quantitative PCR. Breast cancer patient datasets from TCGA, METABRIC and GEO were used to assess the co-expression of GABA pathway genes with ALDH1A3.

Results
Integrated metabolomic and transcriptome data identified GABA metabolism as a primary dysregulated pathway in ALDH1A3 expressing breast tumors. Both ALDH1A3 and GABA treatment enhanced metastasis. Patient dataset analyses revealed expression association between ALDH1A3 and GABA pathway genes and corresponding increased risk of metastasis.

Conclusion
This study revealed a novel pathway affected by ALDH1A3, GABA metabolism. Like ALDH1A3 expression, GABA treatment promotes metastasis. Given the clinical use of GABA mimics to relieve chemotherapy-induced peripheral nerve pain, further study of the effects of GABA in breast cancer progression is warranted.
Epistemic Disadvantage
Authors: Goldstein Rena Beatrice 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRecent philosophical literature on epistemic harms has paid little attention to the difference between deliberate and non-deliberate harms. In this paper, I analyze the “Curare Case,” a case from the 1940’s in which patient testimony was disregarded by physicians. This case has been described as an instance of epistemic injustice. I problematize this description, arguing instead that the case shows an instance of “epistemic disadvantage.” I propose epistemic disadvantage indicates when harms result from warranted asymmetric relations that justifiably exclude individuals from hermeneutical participation. Epistemic disadvantage categorizes harms that result from justifiable exclusions, are non-deliberate, and result from poor epistemic environments. This analysis brings out a meaningful difference between accidental and deliberate harms in communicative exchanges.
Comparative Study on the Uniform Energy Deposition Achievable via Optimized Plasmonic Nanoresonator Distributions
Authors: Csete Mária , Szenes András , Tóth Emese , Vass Dávid , Fekete Olivér , Bánhelyi Balázs , Papp István , Bíró Tamás , Csernai László P. , Kroó Norbert 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlasmonic nanoresonators of core–shell composition and nanorod shape were optimized to tune their absorption cross-section maximum to the central wavelength of a short laser pulse. The number density distribution of randomly located nanoresonators along a laser pulse-length scaled target was numerically optimized to maximize the absorptance with the criterion of minimal absorption difference between neighboring layers illuminated by two counter-propagating laser pulses. Wide Gaussian number density distribution of core–shell nanoparticles and nanorods enabled to improve the absorptance with low standard deviation; however, the energy deposited until the overlap of the two laser pulses exhibited a considerable standard deviation. Successive adjustment resulted in narrower Gaussian number density distributions that made it possible to ensure almost uniform distribution of the deposited energy integrated until the maximal overlap of the two laser pulses. While for core–shell nanoparticles the standard deviation of absorptance could be preserved, for the nanorods it was compromised. Considering the larger and polarization independent absorption cross-section as well as the simultaneously achievable smaller standard deviation of absorptance and deposited energy distribution, the core–shell nanoparticles outperform the nanorods both in optimized and adjusted nanoresonator distributions. Exception is the standard deviation of deposited energy distribution considered for the complete layers that is smaller in the adjusted nanorod distribution. Optimization of both nanoresonator distributions has potential applications, where efficient and uniform energy deposition is crucial, including biomedical applications, phase transitions, and even fusion.
Sharing goals by timely communication improves fishermen's satisfaction with marine protected areas: A case study in the Mediterranean
Authors: Perea-Muñoz José Manuel , Miles Austin , Bayle-Sempere Just Tomàs 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) are considered as a valid tool for mitigating the impact of fishing on marine ecosystems. Their success depends upon their acceptance by implicated stakeholders and on the integration of the stakeholder groups into their management. This integration is especially important with regard to fishermen, whose interests are the most directly affected by MPAs. The relational coordination method posits that effective communication and supportive relationships among stakeholders result in positive stakeholder behaviors and a more effective management of the system. Applying its principles, we designed a survey to evaluate the satisfaction of fishermen associated with five MPAs in the Spanish Mediterranean and determine what mechanisms affect fishermen’s acceptance of MPAs. Our results demonstrate that effective communication is particularly important for good supportive relationships and satisfaction among fishermen and other stakeholder groups, as well as satisfaction with the MPA. Sharing objectives with fishermen through timely communication is the primary mechanism to improve fishermen's satisfaction and ameliorate perceptions towards MPA. To address this issue, we recommend more substantial integration of fishermen in the co-management of MPAs.
Halloysite Nanotube Vehicles for Drug Delivery Through a Model Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Saleh M. , Prajapati N. , Karan A. , Rahman N. , Stavitskaya A. , DeCoster M. , Lvov Y. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEpilepsy treatment requires anti-seizure medical formulations; available medications have various painful side effects and penetrate the brain–blood barrier poorly. A promising method is the use of natural clay nanocontainers for drug delivery through this membrane barrier. Halloysites (Hly) are biocompatible, 50-nm diameter tubes with a positively charged, hollow inner lumen and negatively charged outer shell and are available naturally. These characteristics enable them to be versatile as drug loaded ‘nano-torpedoes’ effectively penetrating cell membranes. The endothelial cells are a major cell type in the blood–brain barrier that provides for the selective permeability separating the circulating blood and allowing only the passage of glucose, water, and amino acids, but not traditional drug formulations. Nanotubes encapsulating rhodamine isothiocyanate and ionomycin penetration through the rat-brain microvascular endothelial cells followed by a prolonged 24-h drug release was demonstrated. A model membrane was set up across 0.4-μm-pore polystyrene transwell supports covered by seeding endothelial and astrocyte cells to mimic the blood–brain barrier in vivo. This barrier demonstrated a dual permeation mechanism (inter-cell accumulation and through-passing) for loaded Hlys, exploiting the potential of this nanoclay in the trans-membrane delivery of drugs. Use of Hly nanotubes as drug carriers to penetrate the brain microvascular endothelial barrier and to deliver the payload displayed a new approach for the treatment of brain diseases such as epilepsy.
Surgical Treatments of Chronic Vulvar Pain After Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting
Authors: Bazzoun Yara , Aerts Leen , Abdulcadir Jasmine 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundVulvar and in particular clitoral pain can affect women with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C). To date, there is no comprehensive study on the different available treatments for vulvar pain after FGM/C.AimTo study the outcome of surgical treatments of vulvar and/or clitoral pain among women living with FGM/C.MethodsRetrospective review of the consecutive medical files of all 506 women who consulted at a specialized outpatient clinic for women with FGM/C between April 1, 2010 and December 31, 2017.OutcomeSubjective change in chronic vulvar pain after surgical treatment.ResultsIn total, 36.1% of women (n = 183) experienced chronic pain, all types included, among which 2.8% (n = 14) experienced provoked or unprovoked chronic vulvar pain. Among the 14 women with provoked or unprovoked chronic vulvar pain, ten (71.4%) underwent surgical treatment: 7 underwent resection of vulvar scar complications (cysts, bridles, adhesions) with (n = 4) or without (n = 3) concomitant defibulation, 3 had clitoral reconstruction and one had labium reconstruction with removal of peri-clitoral adhesion. Nine out of ten (90%) experienced resolution of pain after surgery and the remaining woman (10%) was lost to follow-up.Clinical ImplicationsSafe and effective surgical treatments exist and patients with chronic vulvar pain post-FGM/C should be referred to specialists who would consider appropriate indications for surgery and support informed decision-making and treatment.Strengths & LimitationsThe strengths of this research are the big sample size of women from diverse cultural and religious backgrounds, as well as the availability of pre- and postsurgery iconographic material and histology. Limitations include a subjective reporting of pain without validated questionnaires.ConclusionEffective surgical treatments for provoked or unprovoked chronic vulvar pain post-FGM/C are clitoral reconstruction, defibulation, cystectomy, and bridle removal. Surgical treatments should be combined with a culturally sensitive multidisciplinary care and follow-up.
Effects of Depression on Processing and Evaluation of Sexual Stimuli in Women
Authors: Baranowski Andreas M. , Noll Ann-Kathrin , Golder Sarah , Markert Charlotte , Stark Rudolf 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Sexual dysfunctions are commonly associated with depression by which women are particularly affected.

Aim
In the following study, we looked at which stage–early attention-related processes or later evaluation-related processes–of the processing of sexual stimuli deviations occur in depressed individuals.

Methods
We examined 96 women who either suffered from a major depressive disorder, or had recovered from it, and a healthy control group. The early level of attention processes was represented by reaction time tasks (dot probe, line orientation, picture categorization). In addition, implicit approach and avoidance behavior was tested by the Approach-Avoidance Task. Later evaluation of the visual material was determined with the help of a questionnaire for recording automatic negative thoughts regarding sexuality.

Outcomes
Reaction times and explicit ratings as well as the Becks Depression Inventory (BDI II), the Trait Sexual Motivation Questionnaire (TSMQ), the Sexual Modes Questionnaire (SMQ) and a screening for sexual dysfunction were used.

Results
Depressed women did not differ significantly from healthy women in their attention processes and approach-avoidance behavior. However, there were clear differences in explicit assessment and automatic thoughts about sexual stimuli. Women who had recovered from depression lay between the 2 groups.

Clinical Implications
The results indicated that the therapy of sexual dysfunction in depressed patients should focus more on automatic thoughts than on attention processes.

Strengths & Limitations
This study is the first to experimentally research the attention processes of depression towards sexual stimuli. However, participants were only tested on one occasion so that change of attention processes and evaluation of sexual stimuli over the course of a depression could not be assessed.

Conclusion
Our novel findings demonstrate the role of attention processes in sexual dysfunctions of depressed women and suggest potential mechanisms that may underlie the observed correlation between depression and sexual dysfunction.
Illness Incidence, Psychological Characteristics, and Sleep in Dogsled Drivers During the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race
Authors: Blakeson Magdalene C. , Jerome Scott P. , Walsh Neil P. , Schagatay Erika , Hanstock Helen G. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction Every March, dogsled drivers (mushers) compete in a 1569-km race across Alaska, involving physical exertion, mental exertion, and sleep deprivation for up to 2 wk. These factors may increase mushers’ vulnerability to illness, making them a relevant study population for acute infection risk factors. Specifically, the influence of psychological factors on illness risk during prolonged physical exertion has rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological characteristics, sleep deprivation, and illness incidence in Iditarod mushers. Methods Fourteen mushers completed 4 psychological instruments to assess state and trait anxiety, resilience and perceived stress, and self-reported upper respiratory symptoms (URS) in the month before the race. Mushers self-reported sleep duration and URS during the race. Results State and trait anxiety, resilience, and perceived stress did not differ between mushers with and without pre- and in-race URS ( P>0.05). However, all mushers who reported in-race URS had reported URS ≤9 d before the race, and the onset of symptoms during the race typically occurred shortly after a rest period. Sleep duration was higher in mushers who reported in-race URS, both before (4.9±0.3 h, P=0.016) and during illness (5.9±1.3 h, P=0.006), vs mushers without in-race URS (3.4±0.8 h). Conclusions This study highlights recent illness, rest periods, and greater sleep requirements as potential risk factors for URS onset during a multiday endurance challenge, whereas psychological factors were not associated with URS.
B.7 Nutrition in the first two weeks of life, neonatal brain growth and
cognitive outcomes in children born very preterm
Authors: Hadjinicolaou A , Gomaa N , Kwan E , Chau V , Schneider J , Synnes A , Grunau R , Miller S 
Published: January 2022

Background: Nutrition in early life plays a
critical role in the growth and neurodevelopment of preterm neonates.
However, whether early nutrition modified the association of white matter
injury (WMI) with brain maturation and neurodevelopmental outcomes remains
unclear. Methods: In this prospective cohort study,
very preterm neonates were recruited from the NICU at BC Women’s Hospital.
MRI and measures of NAA/choline were obtained. Energy intake was recorded
over the first two weeks of life and the cohort was dichotomized.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 4.5 years of age using
WPPSI-III. Results: Neonates in the high lipid group
had higher levels of NAA/choline in the basal ganglia. When accounting for
confounders, this relationship was only significant in neonates without WMI
(p=0.04).
Overall, neonates with larger WMI volumes had lower IQ scores at 4.5
years (p<0.001). However, this relationship was attenuated in the high
lipid group (p=0.002) relative to the lower lipid intake group.
Conclusions: In this cohort, higher energy intake
is associated with increased brain maturation. Similarly, neonates with
large WMI had higher full-scale IQ if they received greater lipid intake in
the neonatal period, suggesting that greater early lipid intake may
contribute to blunting the deleterious effects of WMI on neurodevelopmental
outcomes.
P.012 SketchNet: Equipping Cognitive Examinations With Neural Network
Computer Vision
Authors: Howard C 
Published: January 2022

Background: With the advance of technology, our
capacity to assess patients with dementia is also developing. It is possible
to administer cognitive examinations using technology, such as the
iPad-based Toronto Cognitive Assessment, but hitherto difficult to
autonomously administer them. Many of the ’inputs’ from patients could be
easily scored with software, but highly variable inputs such as the clock
drawing are extremely difficult to score, precluding automated
administration and scoring. This work focuses on the development of a neural
network designed to assess cube drawings, infinity drawings, and clock
drawings. Methods: 3200 drawings, evenly split
between clocks, cubes and infinities were generated, with half being correct
and half incorrect. A SqueezeNet was trained on 2000 images, validated on
800 drawings, and then tested on 400 drawings.
Results: The SqueezeNet was able to achieve 97%
accuracy on 400 images it had never seen before in categorizing images as
“Cube”, “Clock”,
“Infinity”, or “Other” (incorrectly drawn).
Conclusions: This neural network can successfully
determine the difference between correctly and incorrectly drawn images
commonly used in cognitive examinations, overcoming the final barrier to
autonomously administering and scoring cognitive examinations. Next steps
are to clinically validate an autonomous examination program which has been
modeled after the Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination-3.
P.137 A qualitative study of families’ experiences with medical
assistance in dying (MAiD) in Nova Scotia
Authors: Leck E , Jackson-Tarlton C , Crumley E , Gubitz G 
Published: January 2022

Background: MAiD became legal in Canada in 2015,
with Bill C-14 delineating eligibility criteria and access. Previous
research found families are intimately involved with decision-making, with
conflicting perspectives on how they cope.
Our study sought to learn about the experiences of family members, and
determine what supports might be beneficial to improve MAiD delivery and
aftercare. Methods: We conducted hour-long
semi-structured interviews with 20 family members of individuals who had
MAiD. Interviews took place by telephone or virtually via MS Teams, and
transcripts were analyzed using an iterative coding process and thematic
analysis. Results: Prominent themes emphasized the
importance of respecting autonomy, decision-making, and allowing people to
regain a sense of control, particularly with so much taken away.
The death itself was described as peaceful. Interviewees were
overwhelmingly filled with relief and gratitude for being able to respect
the individual’s wishes.
Interviewees spoke of importance of support for themselves, and the
desire to build a network of individuals with similar experiences; to share
their stories, grieve together, and support the next generation.
Conclusions: These results will help improve MAiD
delivery and aftercare in Nova Scotia, by informing, developing and enabling
access to resources for individuals who accompany a family member on their
end-of-life journey.
The emergence of ‘Transeurasian’ language families in Northeast Asia as viewed from archaeological evidence
Authors: Miyamoto Kazuo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFrom a linguistic standpoint, Proto-Japonic and Proto-Koreanic are assumed to have split off the Transeurasian languages in southern Manchuria. The linguistic idea that Proto-Japonic came earlier than Proto-Koreanic in the chronological scheme means that the Proto-Japonic language first entered the Korean Peninsula, and from there spread to the Japanese archipelago at the beginning of the Yayoi period, around the ninth century BC, while the arrival of Proto-Koreanic in southern Korea is associated with the spread of the rolled rim vessel culture around the fifth century BC. The genealogical sequence of the Pianpu, Mumun and Yayoi cultures, which shared the same pottery production techniques, indicates the spread of Proto-Japonic. On the other hand, migrants moved from Liaodong to the Korean Peninsula and established the rolled rim vessel culture. This population movement was probably due to social and political reasons as the Yan state enlarged its territory eastward. The Proto-Koreanic of the rolled rim vessel culture later spread to the Korean Peninsula and gradually drove out Proto-Japonic, becoming the predecessor of the Koreanic. In this paper, I examine the spread of Proto-Japonic and Proto-Koreanic in Northeast Asia based on archaeological evidence, focusing especially on the genealogy of pottery styles and pottery production techniques.