bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of Underground Nuclear Explosion Cavity Evolution for Radioxenon Isotopic Composition
Authors: Sun Yunwei , Carrigan Charles R. , Pili Eric , Antoun Tarabay 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIsotopic ratios of radioxenons sampled in the atmosphere or subsurface can be used to verify the occurrence of an underground nuclear explosion (UNE). Differences in the half-lives of radioactive xenon precursors and their decay-chain networks produce different time-dependent concentration profiles of xenon isotopes allowing isotopic ratios to be used for tracking UNE histories including estimating the time of detonation. In this study, we explore the potential effects of post-detonation cavity processes: precipitation of iodine precursors, gas seepage, and prompt venting on radioxenon isotopic evolution which influences UNE histories. Simplified analytical models and closed-form solutions yielding a potentially idealized radioactive decay/ingrowth chain in a closed and well-mixed system typically have limited application by not including the partitioning of the radionuclide inventory between a gas phase and rock melt created by the detonation and by ignoring gas transport from the cavity to host rock or ground surface. In reality, either subsurface transport or prompt release that is principally responsible for gas signatures violates the closed-system (or batch-mode) assumption. A closed-form solution representing time-dependent source-term activities is extended by considering the cavity partitioning process, slow seepage, and/or prompt release of gases from the cavity and applied to realistic systems.
Symbiont demand guides resource supply: leaf-cutting ants preferentially deliver their harvested fragments to undernourished fungus gardens
Authors: Römer Daniela , Aguilar Gonzalo Pacheco , Meyer Annika , Roces Flavio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLeaf-cutting ants are highly successful herbivores in the Neotropics. They forage large amounts of fresh plant material to nourish a symbiotic fungus that sustains the colony. It is unknown how workers organize the intra-nest distribution of resources, and whether they respond to increasing demands in some fungus gardens by adjusting the amount of delivered resources accordingly. In laboratory experiments, we analyzed the spatial distribution of collected leaf fragments among nest chambers in Acromyrmex ambiguus leaf-cutting ants, and how it changed when one of the fungus gardens experienced undernourishment. Plant fragments were evenly distributed among nest chambers when the fungal symbiont was well nourished. That pattern changed when one of the fungus gardens was undernourished and had a higher leaf demand, resulting in more leaf discs delivered to the undernourished fungus garden over at least 2 days after deprivation. Some ants bypassed nourished gardens to directly deliver their resource to the chamber with higher nutritional demand. We hypothesize that cues arising from that chamber might be used for orientation and/or that informed individuals, presumably stemming from the undernourished chamber, may preferentially orient to them.
Resolvent-based approach for $$\pmb {H_2}$$-optimal estimation and control: an application to the cylinder flow
Authors: Jin Bo , Illingworth Simon J. , Sandberg Richard D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We consider estimation and control of the cylinder wake at low Reynolds numbers. A particular focus is on the development of efficient numerical algorithms to design optimal linear feedback controllers when there are many inputs (disturbances applied everywhere) and many outputs (perturbations measured everywhere). We propose a resolvent-based iterative algorithm to perform (i) optimal estimation of the flow using a limited number of sensors, and (ii) optimal control of the flow when the entire flow is known but only a limited number of actuators are available for control. The method takes advantage of the low-rank characteristics of the cylinder wake and provides full-dimensional solutions by implementing a terminal reduction technique based on resolvent analysis. Optimal feedback controllers are also obtained by combining the solutions of the estimation and control problems. We show that the performance of the estimators and controllers converges to the true global optima, indicating that the important physical mechanisms for estimation and control are of low rank.

Graphic abstract
Pancreatic shear wave elastography in children with type 1 diabetes: relation to diabetes duration, glycemic indices, fasting C-peptide and diabetic complications
Authors: Salah Nouran Yousef , Madkour Sherihane Said , Soliman Khaled Sayed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Little is known about changes in the pancreas as the course of type 1 diabetes progresses. Recently, shear wave elastography (SWE) emerged as a tool for assessing pancreatic stiffness in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer with a few studies assessing it in diabetes.

Objective
To compare pancreatic SWE in children with recent-onset and long-standing type 1 diabetes to healthy controls and to correlate it with diabetes duration, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), functional B cell reserve (fasting C-peptide) and diabetic complications.

Materials and methods
Fifty children with type 1 diabetes (25 with recent-onset and 25 with long-standing type 1 diabetes) and 50 controls were enrolled. Diabetes duration, insulin therapy, fundoscopic examination of the eyes and the neuropathy disability score were assessed. Fasting C-peptide, lipids, HbA1C and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio were measured. Pancreatic SWE was measured using the General Electric Logiq P9 ultrasound system.

Results
The mean SWE of the studied children with recent-onset type 1 diabetes was 4.81±0.62 kilopascals (Kpa), those with long-standing type 1 diabetes was 7.10±1.56Kpa and for controls was 5.57±0.27 Kpa (P<0.001). SWE was positively correlated to diabetes duration (P<0.001) and negatively correlated to fasting C-peptide (P<0.001). Regarding diabetes complications, SWE was positively correlated to frequency of severe hypoglycemia (P=0.005), HbA1C (P=0.03), low-density lipoproteins (P<0.001) and cholesterol (P<0.001) and significantly related to diabetic neuropathy (P=0.04) and nephropathy (P=0.05). Diabetes duration, fasting C-peptide, HbA1C and frequency of severe hypoglycemia were the significant independent variables related to SWE increase by multivariable regression analysis.

Conclusion
Pancreatic SWE changes significantly with duration of type 1 diabetes, being lowest in those with recent-onset type 1 diabetes and highest in those with long-standing type 1 diabetes, particularly those with diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy.
When Older Males Sire More Offspring—Increased Attractiveness or Higher Fertility?
Authors: Lifjeld Jan T. , Kleven Oddmund , Fossøy Frode , Jacobsen Frode , Laskemoen Terje , Rudolfsen Geir , Robertson Raleigh J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn birds with extrapair mating, older males usually have higher fertilization success than younger males. Two hypotheses can potentially explain this pattern: 1) females prefer older, and often more ornamented males, or 2) older males invest more in reproduction and fertility than younger males. Here we studied factors associated with age-related male fertilization success in a population of barn swallowsHirundo rusticain Canada. We document that male fertilization success increased gradually up to a minimum age of four-year old. The age effect was especially strong for the number of extrapair offspring obtained and the occurrence of a second brood. The higher fertilization success of older males was also associated with an early start of breeding in spring. The length of the elongated outermost tail feathers, a postulated male ornament preferred by females, also increased with age (in both sexes), but it was not a significant predictor of male fertilization success within age classes. Male fertility traits, especially testis size, but also sperm motility and sperm velocity, increased significantly across age groups. Our results suggest that the higher fertilization success by older males is due to their higher reproductive investments and that their longer tails are an adaptation to early arrival on the breeding grounds.Significance statementThe barn swallow is a socially monogamous passerine with extensive extrapair mating. We found that males become more successful in siring both withinpair and extrapair offspring as they become older. Their increased fertilization success was associated with a higher reproductive effort as indicated by larger testes, more motile sperm, and an earlier start of breeding in spring. The length of the outer tail feathers increased with age in both sexes, but long tails did not enhance male fertilization success among males of the same age. Long tails are probably an adaptation to rapid migration and earlier arrival on the breeding grounds. Our findings suggest that the commonly observed age-related increase in male fertilization success in passerine birds is better explained by life history theory than by sexual selection theory.
Effects of late, repetitive remote ischaemic conditioning on myocardial strain in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Arnold J. Ranjit , P.Vanezis Andrew , Rodrigo Glenn C. , Lai Florence Y. , Kanagala Prathap , Nazir Sheraz , Khan Jamal N. , Ng Leong , Chitkara Kamal , Coghlan J. Gerry , Hetherington Simon , Samani Nilesh J. , McCann Gerald P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLate, repetitive or chronic remote ischaemic conditioning (CRIC) is a potential cardioprotective strategy against adverse remodelling following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In the randomised Daily Remote Ischaemic Conditioning Following Acute Myocardial Infarction (DREAM) trial, CRIC following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI) did not improve global left ventricular (LV) systolic function. A post-hoc analysis was performed to determine whether CRIC improved regional strain. All 73 patients completing the original trial were studied (38 receiving 4 weeks’ daily CRIC, 35 controls receiving sham conditioning). Patients underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance at baseline (5–7 days post-STEMI) and after 4 months, with assessment of LV systolic function, infarct size and strain (longitudinal/circumferential, in infarct-related and remote territories). At both timepoints, there were no significant between-group differences in global indices (LV ejection fraction, infarct size, longitudinal/circumferential strain). However, regional analysis revealed a significant improvement in longitudinal strain in the infarcted segments of the CRIC group (from − 16.2 ± 5.2 at baseline to − 18.7 ± 6.3 at follow up, p = 0.0006) but not in corresponding segments of the control group (from − 15.5 ± 4.0 to − 15.2 ± 4.7, p = 0.81; for change: − 2.5 ± 3.6 versus + 0.3 ± 5.6, respectively, p = 0.027). In remote territories, there was a lower increment in subendocardial circumferential strain in the CRIC group than in controls (− 1.2 ± 4.4 versus − 2.5 ± 4.0, p = 0.038). In summary, CRIC following P-PCI for STEMI is associated with improved longitudinal strain in infarct-related segments, and an attenuated increase in circumferential strain in remote segments. Further work is needed to establish whether these changes may translate into a reduced incidence of adverse remodelling and clinical events. Clinical Trial Registration: http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01664611.
Indications for surgical fixation of low-energy pelvic ring fractures in elderly: a systematic review
Authors: Timmer R. A. , Verhage S. M. , Krijnen P. , Meylaerts S. A. G. , Schipper I. B. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
There are no generally accepted criteria for when and how to fixate osteoporotic pelvic ring fractures in elderly. This systemic review aims to summarize the currently available literature regarding the indications and methods for surgical fixation of fragility fractures of the pelvic ring in elderly patients after low-energy trauma.

Materials and methods
The Pubmed and Embase databases were searched using the key words pelvic fractures, geriatric, fragility, osteoporosis, and surgical fixation, and their synonyms. Extracted data including the indication, method of operative fixation, and post-operative outcomes (pain levels, mobility, complications and mortality) were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The studies were too heterogeneous to perform a meta-analysis.

Results
Eleven cohort studies (3 comparative and 8 noncomparative) were included. The methodological quality was poor to moderate; the studies were heterogeneous regarding study design and reported outcomes. In all included studies operative treatment for all fracture types was preceded by a period of conservative treatment comprising physiotherapy-guided full weight-bearing. Time to surgery differed widely. For posterior ring fixation, the majority of the included studies used minimally invasive surgery with trans-iliosacral screws. Five studies described a form of additional fixation of the anterior pelvic ring but did not report the indications.

Conclusions
Fixation of low-energy pelvic ring fractures in elderly is commonly performed after a period of conservative treatment, with persistent pain as the most frequent indication for fixation. Fracture classification based on stability seems to be of secondary importance. Timing for surgical fixation of the pelvic ring fracture in elderly patients remains diverse. Large well-designed comparative prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to provide clearly substantiated guidelines.
Cortico-amygdalar connectivity and externalizing/internalizing behavior in children with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Nakua Hajer , Hawco Colin , Forde Natalie J. , Jacobs Grace R. , Joseph Michael , Voineskos Aristotle N. , Wheeler Anne L. , Lai Meng-Chuan , Szatmari Peter , Kelley Elizabeth , Liu Xudong , Georgiades Stelios , Nicolson Rob , Schachar Russell , Crosbie Jennifer , Anagnostou Evdokia , Lerch Jason P. , Arnold Paul D. , Ameis Stephanie H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Externalizing and internalizing behaviors contribute to clinical impairment in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Although associations between externalizing or internalizing behaviors and cortico-amygdalar connectivity have been found in clinical and non-clinical pediatric samples, no previous study has examined whether similar shared associations are present across children with different NDDs.

Methods
Multi-modal neuroimaging and behavioral data from the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders (POND) Network were used. POND participants aged 6–18 years with a primary diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), as well as typically developing children (TDC) with T1-weighted, resting-state fMRI or diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and parent-report Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) data available, were analyzed (total n = 346). Associations between externalizing or internalizing behavior and cortico-amygdalar structural and functional connectivity indices were examined using linear regressions, controlling for age, gender, and image-modality specific covariates. Behavior-by-diagnosis interaction effects were also examined.

Results
No significant linear associations (or diagnosis-by-behavior interaction effects) were found between CBCL-measured externalizing or internalizing behaviors and any of the connectivity indices examined. Post-hoc bootstrapping analyses indicated stability and reliability of these null results.

Conclusions
The current study provides evidence towards an absence of a shared linear relationship between internalizing or externalizing behaviors and cortico-amygdalar connectivity properties across a transdiagnostic sample of children with different primary NDD diagnoses and TDC. Different methodological approaches, including incorporation of multi-dimensional behavioral data (e.g., task-based fMRI) or clustering approaches may be needed to clarify complex brain-behavior relationships relevant to externalizing/internalizing behaviors in heterogeneous clinical NDD populations.
The role of the default mode network in longitudinal functional brain reorganization of brain gliomas
Authors: Saviola Francesca , Zigiotto Luca , Novello Lisa , Zacà Domenico , Annicchiarico Luciano , Corsini Francesco , Rozzanigo Umberto , Papagno Costanza , Jovicich Jorge , Sarubbo Silvio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe study of patients after glioma resection offers a unique opportunity to investigate brain reorganization. It is currently unknown how the whole-brain connectomic profile evolves longitudinally after surgical resection of a glioma and how this may be associated with tumor characteristics and cognitive outcome. In this longitudinal study, we investigate the impact of tumor lateralization and grade on functional connectivity (FC) in highly connected networks, or hubs, and cognitive performance. Twenty-eight patients (17 high-grade, 11 low-grade gliomas) underwent longitudinal pre/post-surgery resting-state fMRI scans and neuropsychological assessments (73 total measures). FC matrices were constructed considering as functional hubs the default mode (DMN) and fronto-parietal networks. No-hubs included primary sensory functional networks and any other no-hubs nodes. Both tumor hemisphere and grade affected brain reorganization post-resection. In right-hemisphere tumor patients, regardless of grade and relative to left-hemisphere gliomas, FC increased longitudinally after the intervention, both in terms of FC within hubs (phubs = 0.0004) and FC between hubs and no-hubs (phubs-no-hubs = 0.005). Regardless of tumor side, only lower-grade gliomas showed longitudinal FC increases relative to high-grade tumors within a precise hub network, the DMN. The neurocognitive profile was longitudinally associated with spatial features of the connectome, mainly within the DMN. We provide evidence that clinical glioma features, such as lateralization and grade, affect post-surgical longitudinal functional reorganization and cognitive recovery. The data suggest a possible role of the DMN in supporting cognition, providing useful information for prognostic prediction and surgical planning.
A therapeutic guide on pediatric irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified
Authors: Rexwinkel Robyn , Vlieger Arine M. , Saps Miguel , Tabbers Merit M. , Benninga Marc A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDisorders of the gut-brain interaction negatively impact quality of life and carry a substantial socioeconomic burden. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS) are common functional abdominal pain disorders in childhood. The pathophysiology is not fully understood, and high-quality intervention trials and international guidelines are missing. Therefore, the management of these disorders remains challenging. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of therapeutic possibilities for pediatric IBS or FAP-NOS and recommends management strategies. To prevent unnecessary referrals and extensive costs, it is fundamental to make a positive diagnosis of IBS or FAP-NOS in children with chronic abdominal pain with only minimal investigations. A tailor-made approach for each patient, based on the accompanying physical and psychological symptoms, is proposed to date.Conclusion: Shared decision-making including non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions should be considered and discussed with the family.What is Known:• Irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified are common in childhood.• Although the number of treatment options has grown recently, managing these disorders can be challenging and unsatisfactory, and no evidence-based international management guidelines are available.What is New:• We suggest using a stepwise individualized approach to management, where after first-line management, both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions should be discussed.
A hyperelastic extended Kirchhoff–Love shell model with out-of-plane normal stress: I. Out-of-plane deformation
Authors: Taniguchi Yasutoshi , Takizawa Kenji , Otoguro Yuto , Tezduyar Tayfun E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis is the first part of a two-part article on a hyperelastic extended Kirchhoff–Love shell model with out-of-plane normal stress. We present the derivation of the new model, with focus on the mechanics of the out-of-plane deformation. Accounting for the out-of-plane normal stress distribution in the out-of-plane direction affects the accuracy in calculating the deformed-configuration out-of-plane position, and consequently the nonlinear response of the shell. The improvement is beyond what we get from accounting for the out-of-plane deformation mapping. By accounting for the out-of-plane normal stress, the traction acting on the shell can be specified on the upper and lower surfaces separately. With that, the new model is free from the “midsurface” location in terms of specifying the traction. We also present derivations related to the variation of the kinetic energy and the form of specifying the traction and moment acting on the upper and lower surfaces and along the edges. We present test computations for unidirectional plate bending, plate saddle deformation, and pressurized cylindrical and spherical shells. We use the neo-Hookean and Fung’s material models, for the compressible- and incompressible-material cases, and with the out-of-plane normal stress and without, which is the plane-stress case.
Missing trial results: analysis of the current publication rate of studies in pediatric dialysis from 2003 to 2020
Authors: Patry Christian , Fichtner Alexander , Höcker Britta , Ries Markus , Schmitt Claus Peter , Tönshoff Burkhard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Decision-making in the field of pediatric dialysis requires evidence from clinical trials, but, similar to other fields of pediatric medicine, might be affected by a low trial publication rate.

Methods
We analyzed the current publication rate, the time to publication, and factors that might be associated with both rate of and time to publication in pediatric dialysis studies registered as completed on ClinicalTrials.gov from 2003 until November 2020.

Results
Fifty-three respective studies were identified. These enrolled 7287 patients in total. 28 of 53 studies (52.8%) had results available. We identified a median time to publication of 20.5 months (range, 3–67). Studies published after the FDA Amendments Act establishment in 2007 were published faster (P = 0.025). There was no trend toward a higher publication rate of studies completed more recently (P = 0.431). 26 of 53 studies (49.1%) focused on medication and control of secondary complications of kidney failure. 12 of 53 studies (22.6%) enrolled only children, were published faster (P = 0.029) and had a higher 5-year publication rate (P = 0.038) than studies enrolling both children and adults. 25 of 53 studies (47.1%) were co-funded by industry. These were published faster (P = 0.025).

Conclusions
Currently, only 52.8% of all investigated studies in pediatric dialysis have available results, and the overall median time to publication did not meet FDA requirements. This might introduce a publication bias into the field, and it might negatively impact clinical decision-making in this critical subspecialty of pediatric medicine.

Graphical abstract
A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information