bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The yawning gap: Waiting for cariology to germinate whilst periodontology is fruiting
Authors: Chong Gabriel Tse Feng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study is to investigate whether periodontology and cariology receive equal emphasis in dental education at two moments in time, thirteen years apart.Materials and MethodsAn online search was conducted in Nov 2021 of all the dental schools in ten English‐language speaking countries (U.S., Canada, U.K., Ireland, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Malaysia) to identify departments/divisions in the disciplines of periodontology, cariology, and conservative/restorative/operative dentistry. The results were then compared against the findings of a similar investigation that was conducted from July to October 2008.ResultsOf the 126 dental schools identified in 2021, information was available for 93 dental schools. Of these 93 schools, only 10 listed departments/divisions/disciplines of cariology, whereas 83 and 86 schools had listed periodontology and conservative/restorative/operative dentistry, respectively. Despite a doubling of the number of dental schools with a department/division/discipline of cariology from 2008 to 2021, the absolute gap in the number of departments/divisions/disciplines in the other two disciplines compared to cariology had widened during the thirteen years. In 2008, there were 70 more departments/divisions/disciplines in periodontology compared to cariology departments/divisions/disciplines. In 2021, there were 73 more departments/divisions/disciplines in periodontology. Additional information on research output was available for 90 dental schools in 2021, where 30 schools self‐identified as undertaking cariology research, whereas 68 and 47 schools undertook research in periodontology and conservative/restorative/operative dentistry, respectively.ConclusionsDental education does not give equal emphasis to periodontology and cariology, and the discipline of cariology is grossly neglected.
A comparative evaluation of student experience with artificial teeth used in pre‐clinical fixed prosthodontics post‐core undergraduate teaching programs
Authors: Dudley James 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionResearch is lacking in the use of artificial teeth for post‐core techniques in undergraduate fixed prosthodontics pre‐clinical education. The aim of this study was to compare the reasons for selection and explore the direct student experiences with artificial teeth used in two pre‐clinical fixed prosthodontics post‐core technique teaching programs conducted in consecutive years.Materials and MethodsFourth year undergraduate dental students who had completed the fixed prosthodontics pre‐clinical program were invited to complete an anonymous online surveys. Information was requested on the use and direct student experiences with artificial and natural teeth for post‐core techniques. Quantitative data was summarised and qualitative data was clustered into topics. The reasons for selection and use of artificial and natural teeth were compared within and between the two programs.Results36% of 70 respondents in 2020 chose to use one or more artificial teeth for the post‐core exercises in the pre‐clinical program compared with 94% of 77 respondents in 2021 (p < .05). The use was driven by difficulty in sourcing appropriate natural teeth. Respondents reported “ease of use” as the dominant positive user experience with the main negatives being “unrealistic simulation of natural teeth” and “different surface texture/feel when cutting.”ConclusionArtificial teeth were reported to provide an appropriate and realistic simulation experience compared with extracted natural teeth and were easier to source. Students focussed on the practicalities of sourcing artificial teeth, associated costs and ease of use ahead of conceivable educational benefits. Cost limited the more widespread use of artificial teeth.
Predictors of clinical performance in comprehensive care cases in undergraduate dentists
Authors: Agou Shoroog Hassan , Imam Ahmad Yahya 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionAchieving a high grade in the final‐year comprehensive clinical care (CCC) course is not only important for the individual candidate but also to ensure competency of students as they transition from dental school into independent practice. Here, we aimed to identify predictors of success in the CCC that might prove useful to identify which, if any, students need focused intervention to improve their performance in the CCC.Materials and methodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of two consecutive cohorts (2017–2018 and 2018–2019) of final‐year (Year six) dental students (n = 180 females and n = 150 males) attending [King Abdulaziz University], Saudi Arabia. Age, gender, cumulative GPA to the start of Year six and assessment results were tabulated and analysed as independent variables in binary logistic regression to identify predictors of the final case grade (≤69% or >70%).ResultsYear five GPA (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.12; p = .004) and female gender (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.12–4.36; p = .02) were significantly associated with an increased odds of achieving a final case grade >70%. In particular, female students were over twice as likely as male students to achieve a higher score in their final case assessment.DiscussionThis study suggests that gender may influence final performance in the CCC. The better performance of females in the final CCC course than their male counterparts suggests that there may be a narrowing or even reversal of the historical gender gap in dental school performance.ConclusionsBoth cognitive (GPA) and other (i.e. gender) factors influence clinical dental performance. Further work is required to establish what instructional modifications are required to accommodate these gender differences in CCC courses to pave the way for personalised teaching approaches to optimise educational outcomes.
Multiaxial fatigue behavior of low‐temperature closed‐die forged ZK60 extrusion under proportional and non‐proportional loading
Authors: Karparvarfard Seyyed Mohamad Hasan , Roostaei Ali Asghar , Behravesh Seyed Behzad , Jahed Hamid 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUniaxial and multiaxial fatigue characteristics of as‐extruded and extruded‐then‐forged ZK60 magnesium alloys were examined to understand the influence of low‐temperature forging on its deformation mechanics. Upon forging, basal texture weakening and grain refinement occurred in ZK60 extrusion. Based on uniaxial results, forging process led to improvements in quasi‐static tensile strength and axial cyclic response in high‐cycle fatigue regime, whereas shear responses remained unaffected. Biaxial non‐proportional tests demonstrated that changing phase angle shift between axial and torsional waveforms had no effect on cyclic axial response, contrary to the shear response. Lastly, critical‐plane and energy‐based life prediction models were assessed.
Similar values, different expectations: How do patients and providers view ‘health’ and perceive the healthcare experience?
Authors: Natafgi Nabil , Ladeji Olayinka , Blackwell Shanikque , Hong Yoon Duk , Graham Gail , Cort Marcia , Mullins C. Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionNo one can argue on the importance of health in one's life. However, the value of health in the context of other priorities for individuals is not always as clear. Further, patients' experience with the healthcare system is rarely contrasted with the service providers' expectations. The aim of this paper is to examine and compare patients' and providers' own definitions of health and their perceptions of the healthcare delivery experience from the lens of residents and providers in West Baltimore, Maryland.MethodsThis was a qualitative study with semi‐structured focus groups (15 sessions) and individual in‐depth interviews (21 interviews) with 94 participants. Two independent coders thematically analysed the transcripts.ResultsPatients identified five areas where health systems can help them stay healthy or become healthier: affordability and costs of care; accessibility; clinician/patient communication; addressing social determinants; and stigma and trust. Providers acknowledged that the healthcare experience is not always perfect. While the medical team focuses on conversations that enhance medical care, patients are expecting providers to touch on subjects beyond medical care.ConclusionsPatients and providers need to consider that although they have a common value towards health, there is still a gap in what users expect and what providers can offer. To further align those expectations, there is a need for increasing involvement of patient in care administration and improving dialogue between the parties about these differences.Patient or Public ContributionA Stakeholder Advisory Board (SAB)—comprised of a patient, two community leaders, a physician and two healthcare administrators—was instrumental in codeveloping the study material (e.g., interview guides), engaging patients in the research process, identifying participants and codeveloping dissemination material. Two SAB members—Gail Graham, a patient consultant/professor, and Marcia Cort, a physician—are coauthors.
Relationship among paleosol types, depositional settings, and paleoclimates in Tetori group (Lower Cretaceous, central Japan)
Authors: Kuroshima Kensuke , Fujita Masato , Kakizaki Yoshihiro , Shiraishi Fumito 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOne of the key areas and periods for dinosaur evolution is considered to be Early Cretaceous East Asia, of which paleoclimate, that affected dinosaur diversity, needs to be accurately estimated. This study reconstructed paleoenvironmental information from two paleosol sections of the Lower Cretaceous Tetori Group in Hokuriku province, Japan. Elemental and isotopic compositions indicate that the two sections (Sections K5 and T1) formed under similar mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) but exhibit significantly different paleosol colors (red in the Section K5, and gray in the Section T1) and mineralogy of carbonate nodules (dolomite–siderite in the Section K5, and dolomite–calcite in the Section T1). In addition, the oxygen isotopic ratio of carbonate minerals in the Section K5 was significantly low. The differences in sedimentary features and isotopic composition were considered to reflect the differences of seasonal climatic factors (e.g., monsoon) and local settings (e.g., drainage condition) despite the two sections exhibiting similar MAT and MAP. The results of this study suggest that the northeastern margin of East Asia, where the Tetori Group was deposited, had temperate and humid climate with monsoonal contrast in humidity during Aptian to Albian.
What are the core competencies of a mental health nurse? A concept mapping study involving five stakeholder groups
Authors: Moyo Nompilo , Jones Martin , Gray Richard 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMental health nurses aim to provide high‐quality care that is safe and person‐centred. Service users require individualized care, responsive to their preferences, needs, and values. The views of service users, mental health nurses, nurse academics, psychiatrists, and nurse managers about the core competencies of mental health nurses have not been explored. Our study aimed to describe and contrast the views of multiple stakeholder groups on the core competencies of mental health nurses. Concept mapping is a six‐step mixed‐methods study design that combines qualitative data with principal component analysis to produce a two‐dimensional concept map. Forty‐eight people participated in the study from five stakeholder groups that included service users and clinicians. The final concept map had eight clusters: assessment and management of risk; understanding recovery principles; person‐ and family‐centred care; good communication skills; knowledge about mental disorders and treatment; evaluating research and promoting physical health; a sense of humour; and physical and psychological interventions. There were important differences in how service users and health professionals ranked the relative importance of the clusters. Service users reported the understanding recovery principles cluster as the most important, whilst health professionals ranked the assessment and management of risk group the most important. There may be a disconnect between what service users and other stakeholders perceive to be the core competencies of mental health nurses. There is a need for more research to examine the differing perspectives of service users and health professionals on the core competencies of mental health nurses.
In vitro study of the mesenchymal stem cells‐conditional media role in skin wound healing process: A systematic review
Authors: Heydari Mohammad Bagher , Ghanbari‐Movahed Zahra , Heydari Maryam , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)‐conditioned medium (CM) offers a potential opportunity in the skin wound healing treatment. In this systematic review, an overview of the knowledge on this topic has been provided. A multistep search of the PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct database has been performed to identify papers on MSCs‐conditional media used in skin wound healing. Eligibility checks were performed based upon predefined selection criteria. Of the 485 articles initially identified, consequently, only 96 articles apparently related to MSC‐conditional media were initially assessed for eligibility. Finally, the 32 articles, strictly regarding the in vitro use of MSCs‐conditional media in skin wounds, were analysed. The information analysed highlights the efficacy of MSCs‐conditional media on skin wound healing in vitro models. The outcome of this review may be used to guide pre‐clinical and clinical studies on the role of MSCs‐conditional media in skin wound healing.
The Morality of Party Switching
Authors: Bengtson Andreas 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTParty switching by members of Parliament is a common phenomenon in democracies. Despite several empirical investigations of this phenomenon, party switching has not yet been investigated from a moral point of view. This article aims to fill this gap. By analyzing party switching from the point of view of relational egalitarianism, the article argues that party switching may be wrong because (i) the politician thereby acts on selfish interests which should be excluded from their decision‐making as a representative; (ii) the politician thereby treats their constituents and/or party members paternalistically; and (iii) it expresses relational inequality between the member of Parliament and their voters or between the member of Parliament and their party members. There are instances, however, in which party switching is not wrong, and the last part of the article discusses what this means for whether party switching should be prohibited.
Use of SEM/EDX methods for the analysis of ambient particulate matter adhering to the skin surface
Authors: Mirakovski D. , Damevska K. , Simeonovski V. , Nikolovska S. , Boev B. , Petrov A. , Sijakova Ivanova T. , Zendelska A. , Hadzi‐Nikolova M. , Boev I. , Dimov G. , Darlenski R. , Kazandjieva J. , Damevska S. , Situm M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe skin is exposed to numerous particulate and gaseous air pollutants. The ones that need particular attention are the particles that adhere to the skin surface, which can later cause direct skin damage. This study aimed to characterize air pollution (AP) particles adhered to the human skin by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with X‐ray dispersive energy spectrometry (EDX).MethodsTape stripping was performed from six healthy volunteers exposed to urban AP to collect stratum corneum samples from the cheeks and forehead. The samples were analysed using SEM equipped with EDX system with a silicon drift detector at an accelerating voltage of 20 keV. After the preliminary examination, the particles were located and counted using 1000× magnification. Each particle was analysed, increasing magnification up to 5000× for precise dimension measurement and elemental composition analysis. At least 100 fields or a surface of approximately 1 mm2 were examined.ResultsParticles adhered to the skin were identified in all samples, with a particle load ranging from 729 to 4525. The average area and perimeter of all particles identified were 302 ± 260 μm2 and 51 ± 23 μm subsequently, while the equivalent circular diameter was, on average, 14 ± 6 μm. The particles were classified into ten groups based on morphology and elemental composition. Chlorides were the most numerous particle group (21.9%), followed by carbonaceous organic particles (20.3%), silicates (18%), carbonates (16.4%), metal‐rich particles (14%), and a minor number of bioaerosols, quartz‐like, and fly ash particles.ConclusionThe SEM–EDX analysis provides evidence of the contamination of exposed skin to various airborne PM of natural or anthropogenic origin. This method may provide new insights into the link between exposure to AP and AP‐induced skin damage.
Mite damage provides refuges and affects preference and performance of a subsequent herbivorous moth
Authors: Paz‐Neto Antônio de Almeida , Calvet Érica Costa , Melo José Wagner da Silva , de Lima Debora Barbosa , Gondim Manoel Guedes Correa , Janssen Arne 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDamage by herbivores often modifies plant structure and physiology, which may change the behaviour and performance of future herbivores. Here, we studied such interactions among the major coconut pest, the mite Aceria guerreronis (Acari: Eriophyidae), and two minor pests, the mite Steneotarsonemus concavuscutum (Acari: Tarsonemidae) and the moth Atheloca bondari (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). All these species develop in the meristematic zone of coconuts, which is difficult to access because of the small opening between the epicarp and perianth. Both mites cause necrosis on the epicarp of the nuts, which may facilitate access to the meristematic zone by caterpillars of the moth. However, the caterpillars co‐occur predominantly with A. guerreronis and not with S. concavuscutum. We show that caterpillars did not colonize nuts without mites and colonized nuts with A. guerreronis most frequently, in agreement with the openings caused by this mite and caterpillar size. When the opening between epicarp and perianth was artificially increased, caterpillars also colonized nuts without mites and nuts with S. concavuscutum. When offered a choice, caterpillars preferred nuts with easy access to the meristematic region, regardless of the presence of mites. Caterpillars performed better on the A. guerreronis‐infested nuts than on other nuts, but moth females did not preferentially oviposit in coconut bunches infested with mites. Hence, caterpillars, not adults, select suitable feeding sites within a bunch of coconuts, and A. guerreronis facilitates the infestation of coconuts by A. bondari. We discuss how damage by mites affects the relevance of A. bondari as a coconut pest.
Design and development of a circular disc type efficient automatic decorticator for Charoli (Buchanania lanzan)
Authors: Nishad Praween , Singh Jaspal , Naik Rajesh Kumar , Patel Shadanan , Mangaraj Shukadev , Mishra Niraj , Thakur Rajeev Ranjan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe manual decortication process of charoli seeds by beating the dried seeds on the ground with a hand hammer or stone and, by domestic grinder is a laborious, inefficient, time‐consuming as well as uneconomical process. Therefore, an attempt has been taken toward the automation of the charoli decortication process. The decorticator performance was evaluated at three levels of disc speeds, disc clearances, and different moisture levels of charoli seed viz. 197, 246, and 286 rpm; 6, 7, and 8 mm; and 7.83, 8.57; and 9.04% wb, respectively. The selected input parameters were optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum value of disc speed, disc clearance, and seed moisture content was found to be 197 rpm, 7 mm, and 9.04% (wb), respectively. The corresponding response values in terms of decorticating efficiency, whole kernel, and broken kernel percentage at optimum conditions were recorded as 92.5, 21.6, and 3%, respectively.Novelty impact statementThe decorticating capacity of the developed decorticator was found to be 70 kg per hour which was higher than the existing decorticator. Since the developed machine was automatically operated and each unit operation was sequentially and continuously carried out with no manual intervention, the ideal time in each decortication step was absent and subsequently, higher capacity was achieved. The efficiency of the decorticator was found to be 92.5%. The higher capacity and kernel recovery with no human drudgery and lower cost of decortication imply the significance of the development of the machine.
Risk factors for anti‐drug antibody formation to infliximab: Secondary analyses of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Brun Marthe Kirkesæther , Goll Guro Løvik , Jørgensen Kristin Kaasen , Sexton Joseph , Gehin Johanna Elin , Sandanger Øystein , Olsen Inge Christoffer , Klaasen Rolf Anton , Warren David John , Mørk Cato , Kvien Tore K. , Jahnsen Jørgen , Bolstad Nils , Haavardsholm Espen A. , Syversen Silje Watterdal 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐drug antibodies (ADAb) frequently form early in the treatment course of infliximab and other tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, leading to treatment failure and adverse events.ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for ADAb in the early phase of infliximab treatment.MethodsPatients (n= 410) with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases who initiated infliximab treatment were included in the 38‐week Norwegian Drug Monitoring Trial (NOR‐DRUM) A and randomised 1:1 to therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) or standard therapy. Serum levels of infliximab and ADAb were measured at each infusion. Possible risk factors for ADAb formation were assessed using logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsADAb were detected in 78 (19%) patients. A diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (odds ratio [OR], 1.9 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–3.6]) and lifetime smoking (OR, 2.0 [CI 1.1–3.6]) were baseline risk factors, while baseline use of concomitant immunosuppressors (OR, 0.4 [CI 0.2–0.8]) and a diagnosis of spondyloarthritis (SpA) (OR, 0.4 [CI 0.2–0.8]) reduced the risk of ADAb. Higher disease activity during follow‐up (OR, 1.1 [CI 1.0–1.1]) and “drug holidays” of more than 11 weeks (OR, 4.1 [CI 1.2–13.8]) increased the risk of ADAb, whereas higher infliximab doses (OR, 0.1 [CI 0.0–0.3) and higher serum infliximab concentrations (OR, 0.7 [CI 0.6–0.8]) reduced the risk of immunogenicity.ConclusionSeveral risk factors for ADAb formation during early‐phase infliximab treatment were identified. This knowledge provides a basis for treatment strategies to mitigate the formation of ADAb and identify patients in whom these measures are of particular importance.