bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of the Four-Bar Mechanism When the Position of Two Members Is Prescribed
Authors: Shaffer B. W. , Cochin I. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The four-bar mechanism is analyzed, and a differential equation is derived which tells whether or not it is possible to find a particular design in which the position of the driver and follower are related by a prescribed function during the entire range of operation. If there is such a mechanism, the length required for each of the links may be found by substituting into the appropriate equations, also derived in this paper.
Control-System Behavior Expressed as a Deviation Ratio
Authors: Janssen J. M. L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In order to bridge the gap between process-control practice and modern control theory, an attempt is made to reduce this theory to its bare essentials. A simple picture is drawn of what control does and how it does it, use being made of the familiar concepts of resonance and damping. Thus a theoretical background is provided for commonsense judgments on control quality and controller settings. The picture given is applicable to both feedback and feedforward control.
Experimental Flight Methods for Evaluating Frequency-Response Characteristics of Aircraft
Authors: Smith G. A. , Triplett W. C. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper deals mainly with methods and techniques for obtaining airplane frequency-response characteristics from transient flight measurements. After a review of the basic airplane equations of motion, the theoretical transfer function which defines the “short-period” pitch response to an elevator deflection is derived. A numerical example is used to illustrate the evaluation of an analytical transfer function from a graphical frequency response by a method which involves the use of graphical aids in conjunction with an analog computer. Finally, the effects of variations in flight speed and altitude on the airplane response are considered.
Effect of a brief dietary counselling intervention on emergency department cardiac chest pain presentations
Authors: Murphy Ronan , Al Rasheed Ahmed , Keaver Laura 
Published: July 2022

Introduction15% of all presentations to our emergency department last year were chest pain related. This presented an opportunity to evaluate the impact of a brief physician counselling intervention on patient-reported changes in cardio-protective foodstuff intake.MethodsThis is a prospective non-randomised before and after comparison study without controls, conducted between an emergency department presentation and a scheduled follow-up visit at a cardiac diagnostics department. Participants were recruited between February and March 2021. The selected dietary components for inclusion after review of the literature were green leafy vegetables, other coloured vegetables, wholegrains, legumes and fruits. A food frequency questionnaire was completed by patients before and after a physician counselling intervention aided by a dietary infographic. Additionally, using the transtheoretical model for health behaviour change, we assessed each patient’s evolution during the study.Results38 patients were recruited. For patients with total baseline consumptions of five or fewer per day, there was an increase in cardioprotective foodstuff intakes (z=−2.784 p<0.005 effect size 0.39). Corresponding to this, there was a participant shift observed towards theactionandmaintenancephases of behaviour change from thecontemplationandpreparationphases.DiscussionWe demonstrated a statistically significant change with moderate effect size using a simple infographic, coupled with brief physician counselling, to promote increased intake of cardioprotective foodstuffs by patients with poor baseline intakes (<5 cardio-protective foods per day) and known modifiable risk factors for ischaemic heart disease.ConclusionDiet is one arm in the prevention of cardiovascular disease that is often neglected by physicians. This study found that a brief dietary counselling intervention applied in an emergency department setting, administered by non-nutritionists can have a role in changing patient dietary behaviour.
Association of periodic fasting with lower severity of COVID-19 outcomes in the SARS-CoV-2 prevaccine era: an observational cohort from the INSPIRE registry
Authors: Horne Benjamin D , May Heidi T , Muhlestein Joseph B , Le Viet T , Bair Tami L , Knowlton Kirk U , Anderson Jeffrey L 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesIntermittent fasting boosts some host defence mechanisms while modulating the inflammatory response. Lower-frequency fasting is associated with greater survival and lower risk from COVID-19-related comorbidities. This study evaluated associations of periodic fasting with COVID-19 severity and, secondarily, initial infection by SARS-CoV-2.DesignProspective longitudinal observational cohort study.SettingSingle-centre secondary care facility in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA with follow-up across a 24-hospital integrated healthcare system.ParticipantsPatients enrolled in the INSPIRE registry in 2013–2020 were studied for the primary outcome if they tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during March 2020 to February 2021 (n=205) or, for the secondary outcome, if they had any SARS-CoV-2 test result (n=1524).InterventionsNo treatment assignments were made; individuals reported their personal history of routine periodic fasting across their life span.Main outcome measuresA composite of mortality or hospitalisation was the primary outcome and evaluated by Cox regression through February 2021 with multivariable analyses considering 36 covariables. The secondary outcome was whether a patient tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.ResultsSubjects engaging in periodic fasting (n=73, 35.6%) did so for 40.4±20.6 years (max: 81.9 years) prior to COVID-19 diagnosis. The composite outcome occurred in 11.0% of periodic fasters and 28.8% of non-fasters (p=0.013), with HR=0.61 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.90) favouring fasting. Multivariable analyses confirmed this association. Other predictors of hospitalisation/mortality were age, Hispanic ethnicity, prior MI, prior TIA and renal failure, with trends for race, smoking, hyperlipidaemia, coronary disease, diabetes, heart failure and anxiety, but not alcohol use. In secondary analysis, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 14.3% of fasters and 13.0% of non-fasters (p=0.51).ConclusionsRoutine periodic fasting was associated with a lower risk of hospitalisation or mortality in patients with COVID-19. Fasting may be a complementary therapy to vaccination that could provide immune support and hyperinflammation control during and beyond the pandemic.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov,NCT02450006(the INSPIRE registry).
Integrating hepatitis B care and treatment with existing HIV services is possible: cost of integrated HIV and hepatitis B treatment in a low-resource setting: a cross-sectional hospital-based cost-minimisation assessment
Authors: Ejalu David Livingstone , Mutyoba Joan N , Wandera Claude , Seremba Emmanuel , Kambugu Andrew , Muganzi Alex , Beyagira Racheal , Amandua Jacinto , Mugagga Kaggwa , Easterbrook Philippa , Ocama Ponsiano 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundHepatitis B and HIV care share health system challenges in the implementation of primary prevention, screening, early linkage to care, monitoring of therapeutic success and long-term medication adherence.SettingArua regional referral hospital (RRH) and Koboko district hospital (DH), the West Nile region of Uganda.DesignA cross-sectional hospital-based cost minimisation study from the providers’ perspective considers financial costs to measure the amount of money spent on resources used in the stand-alone and integrated pathways.Data sourcesClinic inputs and procurement invoices, budgetary documents, open market information and expert opinion. Data were extracted from 3121 files of HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) monoinfected patients from the two study sites.ObjectiveTo estimate provider costs associated with running an integrated HBV and HIV clinical pathway for patients on lifelong treatment in low-resource setting in Uganda.Outcome measuresThe annual cost per patient was simulated based on the total amount of resources spent for all the expected number of patient visits to the facility for HBV or HIV care per year.ResultsFindings showed that Arua hospital had a higher cost per patient in both clinics than did Koboko Hospital. The cost per HBV patient was US$163.59 in Arua and US$145.76 in Koboko while the cost per HIV patient was US$176.52 in Arua and US$173.23 in Koboko. The integration resulted in a total saving of US$36.73 per patient per year in Arua RRH and US$17.5 in Koboko DH.ConclusionThe application of the integrated Pathway in HIV and HBV patient management could improve hospital cost efficiency compared with operating stand-alone clinics.
Implementing delirium screening in the emergency department: a quality improvement project
Authors: Martin Louise , Lyons Marian , Patton Andrew , O Driscoll Maighread , McLoughlin Kara , Hannon Evelyn , Deasy Conor 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionDelirium is a serious medical condition that is common in older adults in acute settings. Clinical practice guidelines recommend that all older patients in acute care settings should be screened for delirium using standardised outcome measures.ProblemIn our institution, an audit showed that only 16% of older adults presenting to the emergency department were screened for delirium. The goal of this project was to increase the number of patients being screened for delirium using Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology and tools and a multidisciplinary approach.MethodA multidisciplinary team in the emergency department used LSS tools and methodology over a 12-week period to first identify why patients were not being screened for delirium using root cause analysis and second to implement a multifaceted intervention including education, audits and feedback, documentation changes and team huddles. An audit was performed at the 11th week of the project to measure how many patients were being screened for delirium post project intervention.ResultsResults at 5 weeks post intervention (11th week of project) showed that the percentage of patients being screened for delirium had increased from 16% to 82%. A follow-up audit at 17 weeks post intervention showed a further improvement in delirium screening to 92%.ConclusionApplying LSS tools and methodology resulted in a healthcare quality improvement. Delirium screening in an emergency department can be improved through multifaceted interventions including education, documentation changes and team huddle changes.
Attrition and associated factors among children living with HIV at a tertiary hospital in Eritrea: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Mengistu Samuel Tekle , Ghebremeskel Ghirmay Ghebrekidan , Rezene Aron , Idris Mahmud Mohammed , Tikue Tsegereda Gebrehiwot , Hamida Mohammed Elfatih , Achila Oliver Okoth 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundReducing attrition in paediatric HIV-positive patients using combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) programmes in sub-Saharan Africa is a challenge. This study explored the rates and predictors of attrition in children started on cART in Asmara, Eritrea.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using data from all paediatric patients on cART between 2005 and 2020, conducted at the Orotta National Referral and Teaching Hospital. Kaplan-Meier estimates of the likelihood of attrition and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the factors associated with attrition. All p values were two sided and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe study enrolled 710 participants with 374 boys (52.7%) and 336 girls (47.3%). After 5364 person-years’ (PY) follow-up, attrition occurred in 172 (24.2%) patients: 65 (9.2%) died and 107 (15.1%) were lost to follow-up (LTFU). The crude incidence rate of attrition was 3.2 events/100 PY, mortality rate was 2.7/100 PY and LTFU was 1.2/100 PY. The independent predictors of attrition included male sex (adjusted HR (AHR)=1.6, 95% CI: 1 to 2.4), residence outside Zoba Maekel (AHR=1.5, 95% CI: 1 to 2.3), later enrolment years (2010–2015: AHR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.9 to 5.3; >2015: AHR=6.1, 95% CI: 3 to 12.2), WHO body mass index-for-age z-score <−2 (AHR=1.4, 95% CI: 0.9 to 2.1), advanced HIV disease (WHO III or IV) at enrolment (AHR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.2 to 3.9), and initiation of zidovudine+lamivudine or other cART backbones (unadjusted HR (UHR)=2, 95% CI: 1.2 to 3.2). In contrast, a reduced likelihood of attrition was observed in children with a record of cART changes (UHR=0.2, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.4).ConclusionA low incidence of attrition was observed in this study. However, the high mortality rate in the first 24 months of treatment and late presentation are concerning. Therefore, data-driven interventions for improving programme quality and outcomes should be prioritised.
Quadratic metric-affine gravity: solving for the affine-connection
Authors: Iosifidis Damianos 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe consider the most general 11 parameter parity even quadratic Metric-Affine Theory whose action consists of the usual Einstein–Hilbert plus the 11 quadratic terms in torsion, non-metricity as well as their mixing. By following a certain procedure and using a simple trick we are able to find the unique solution of the affine connection in terms of an arbitrary hypermomentum. Given a fairly general non-degeneracy condition our result provides the exact form of the affine connection for all types of matter. Subsequently we compute the forms of torsion and non-metricity in terms of their sources (hypermomentum tensor) and also express the metric field equations in effectively Einstein’s GR with modified source terms that depend on the hypermomentum and its derivatives. We show that in the absence of matter the Theory always reduces to GR. Finally we generalize our result and find the form of the connection for a wider class of quadratic Theories.
Weak supersymmetric su(N|1) quantum systems
Authors: Smilga Andrei 
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we present several examples of supersymmetric quantum mechanical systems with weak superalgebra [Formula: see text]. One of them is the weak [Formula: see text] oscillator. It has a singlet ground state, [Formula: see text] degenerate states at the first excited level, etc. Starting from the level [Formula: see text], the system has complete supersymmetric multiplets at each level involving [Formula: see text] degenerate states. Due to the fact that the supermultiplets are not complete for [Formula: see text], the Witten index represents a nontrivial function of [Formula: see text]. This system can be deformed with keeping the algebra intact. The index is invariant under such deformation. The deformed system is not exactly solved, but the invariance of the index implies that the energies of the states at the first [Formula: see text] levels of the spectrum are not shifted, and we are dealing with a quasi-exactly solvable system. Another system represents a weak generalization of the superconformal mechanics with [Formula: see text] complex supercharges. Also in this case, starting from a certain energy, the spectrum involves only complete supersymmetric [Formula: see text]-plets. (There also exist normalizable states with lower energies, but they do not have normalizable superpartners. To keep supersymmetry, we have to eliminate these states.)
A nulling-resistor output amplifier in the framework of heterostructures based on nonlinear partial differential equations
Authors: Pankratov Evgeny Leonidovich 
Published: July 2022

<span>In this paper, we introduce an approach to increase the density of field-effect transistors framework nulling-resistor output amplifier. In the framework of the approach, we consider manufacturing the amplifier in a heterostructure with a specific configuration. Several required areas of the heterostructure should be doped by diffusion or ion implantation. After that dopant and radiation defects should be annealed framework optimized scheme. We also consider an approach to decrease the value of mismatch-induced stress in the considered heterostructure. We introduce an analytical approach to analyze mass and heat transport in heterostructures during the manufacturing of integrated circuits with account for mismatch-induced stress. </span>
Reading movement in community: A study of Gerakan Buru Membaca
Authors: Umanailo Muhamad Chairul Basrun , Nursyifa Aulia 
Published: July 2022

<span>The Buru Reading Movement </span><em></em><span>(</span><em><span>Gerakan Buru </span></em><em><span>Membaca</span></em><span>) was an initiative of Iqra Buru University community service and developed later into one of the Buru District Government programs, which have been implemented since 2017. The program was designed to improve and promote the community’s reading habits in Buru Regency, Maluku, Indonesia. This was a qualitative study aimed at describing the implementation of </span><em><span>Gerakan Buru Membaca</span></em><span> in Buru Regency. The research located in Namlea District because of its relatively high population density and heterogeneity. There were forty people interviewed, and this number was obtained through purposive sampling. We employed an analysis technique proposed by Miles and Huberman. The results revealed that the reading movement received a positive response from the community and the village government. The active role is implemented through the provision of village libraries, study rooms, and study houses of learning available. Furthermore, a mobile library, which was only available in the Namlea Village area, prioritized its services in open or public spaces. In other villages, however, the movement was still in the form of reading and learning spaces provided by the village government, with the participation of the community. Despite the positive response from the community, the movement still experienced several constraints. </span>
Students’ readiness on language distance learning: Case of translation teaching
Authors: Siregar Roswani , Risnawaty Risnawaty , Sembiring Milisi , Safriandi Ferry 
Published: July 2022

<span lang="EN-US">The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought the disrupt change to education activities; from face to face to distance learning. In large-scale e-learning implementations, both teachers and students face an overload of subject material, making it difficult to adjust to the online context. This qualitative research investigated the students’ perception of e-learning implementation from the perspective of translation-course participants. The perception reflected the student challenges that categorized as adaptability to e-learning environment; technical availability and computer literacy; time-management, learning engagement; and self-effort and readiness. A semi structured-questionnaire Google Form that consisted of 19 items was developed to collect the students' perceptions and opinions. The questionnaire distributed and collected online. The data was tabulated, presented, and analyzed statistically. The perception of students on e-learning revealed the importance of improvement on technical support for learning instruction and material presentation, as well as students’ self-discipline on learning schedule. The finding of this study was feedback for authors to provide effective teaching by consideration to student's challenges in the e-learning environment. </span>
Influence of competitive activity on the development of self-realization among adolescents
Authors: Akishina Ekaterina Mikhailovna , Olesina Elena Petrovna , Mazanov Alexey Igorevich 
Published: July 2022

<span lang="EN-US">The article examines the problems of social self-realization of modern adolescents in competitive activity. Based on the conducted scientific studies, the authors determine the important role of competitions in the process of school students’ socialization. The article presents the most important criteria of adolescents’ level of self-realization in competition activity such as self-esteem adequacy, creativity, self-organization, teamwork, and stress resistance, as well as the results of studying the level of development of such paired personality traits as sociability/insularity and friendliness/aggressiveness developing in adolescents in competitive activities. The authors emphasize the high degree of risk of any contests as the participants experience worry, fear, and stress. The article presents a comparative analysis of studies of the level of socialization in school students conducted in the years 1999, 2013, 2019, and 2020. Authors prove that competition is a relevant form of developing social personality traits in school students in modern society. It is necessary to create certain pedagogical conditions when preparing and holding a competition and ensure pedagogical assistance and support to minimize the possible risks. It is important for modern pedagogics to study and account for childhood and adolescent fear, as well as psychological and pedagogical risks of carrying out competitions for school students.</span><p> </p>
Extracting student patterns from log file Moodle course: A case study
Authors: Al-Kindi Iman , Al-Khanjari Zuhoor , Jamoussi Yessine 
Published: July 2022

<span lang="EN-US">This paper introduces a set of extracted factors from Moodle log file of the selected course as a case study that aims to capture student Engagement (E), Behavior (B), Personality (Pers) and Performance (P). The factors are applied to identify students’ EBPersP with different course activities. The data set used in this paper was selected from the "Introduction to Computer Science" online course that captures 273,906 records as a log file for 29 students, delivered in Spring 2020. The paper also tries to show whether there is a relationship between student engagement, behavior and personality and their performance. Results show different patterns of students’ interactions with course contents, activities, and assessments. Specifically, our findings highlight that students' EBPersP could be extracted from Moodle log files. In addition, the extracted factors could assist instructors on how to focus more on students with low and average performance, giving them more attention to enhancing their performance. </span>
Setting the Stage: Disgust as an Aesthetic Food Experience
Authors: Lemke Mailin , de Boer Bas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Disgust is commonly understood as an emotion of aversion. However, people seem to eat certain food items not despite containing disgust eliciting features but because of them. In this paper, we introduce the term aesthetic disgust to capture this phenomenon. We outline in our manuscript how designers use different techniques to stage the food experience and facilitate aesthetic disgust, which can be understood as more than just a pleasurable experience. We outline twelve staging techniques used in the context of food design to facilitate a distancing or embracing effect regarding the disgust eliciting features. Three food examples illustrate how these different techniques can be combined and applied in design practice.