bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapists perceived role in managing anxiety in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Lucas Lauren , Parker Jack 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnxiety is common for people with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) and is higher in those with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and in community-based samples. Anxiety can impact self-efficacy, pain, fatigue, engagement in physical activity and treatment adherence, all of which influence the rehabilitation process. Little is known about how physiotherapists manage anxiety in PwMS and the challenges associated with anxiety throughout the rehabilitation process, in community and outpatient settings.MethodsA mixed-methods design, combining a cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interviews with UK-physiotherapists, was used to answer the research question. To inform the qualitative study, a cross-sectional survey collected data from physiotherapists working in neurology to understand the impact and management of anxiety in people with MS (PwMS) during rehabilitation. Analysis used descriptive statistics and the findings formed the interview guide. Semi-structured interviews with specialist physiotherapists explored barriers and facilitators to managing anxiety in PwMS in community and outpatient settings, identified perceived physiotherapy training needs and offered suggestions to develop physiotherapy research and practice. Themes were derived inductively.ResultsThe survey suggested how PwMS present with anxiety, its impact during rehabilitation, physiotherapy management practices, and physiotherapist skills and training needs. Five semi-structured interviews with specialist physiotherapists expanded on the survey findings and identified five main themes: Understanding the MS journey, modifying assessment and treatment, anxiety management toolbox, lagging behind Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, and gaining knowledge and skills.ConclusionPhysiotherapists encounter anxiety in PwMS in community and outpatient rehabilitation and perceive they have a role in managing it as it presents. Facilitators included communication, listening skills and opportunities to develop strong therapeutic relationships. Poor training and support, lack of clinical guidelines and limited research evidence were considered barriers. Clinically relevant learning opportunities, interprofessional working, and greater support through clinical supervision is recommended to better develop physiotherapy practice.
Insights into transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Nepal
Authors: Shah Yogendra , Paudel Sarad , Pandey Kishor , Gupta Govind Prasad , Solo Eddie Samuneti , Joshi Jagadish , Pant Dhan Kumar , Pandey Basu Dev 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in humans and animals. Numbers of multi drug resistance TB (MDR-TB), extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) and zoonotic TB cases are increasingly being reported every year in Nepal posing a major public health problem. Therefore, the Government of Nepal should act immediately to strengthen the screening facilities across the country to be able to identify and treat the TB infected patients as well as detect zoonotic TB in animal species. Endorsement of One Health Act by the Government of Nepal is an opportunity to initiate the joint programs for TB surveillance among human and animal species using one health approach to reduce the TB burden in Nepal.
Toward a Realism of the World-System: John Lanchester’sCapitaland the Global City
Authors: Lanigan Liam 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis essay explores how John Lanchester’s Capital adapts classical realism to represent the contemporary global city; it pays particular attention to how London’s position in the world-system disrupts Lukácsian totality. Because the novel attends to the complexity and extensiveness of the world-system, it depicts the city not as a representative totality but as embedded in the global circuits of capital, shaped by the influences of inward migration and global finance. In this the novel has affinities with many fictions of the global periphery, for instance portraying the city as at once socially fragmented and structurally connected. Furthermore, the novel departs from classical realism in its closure; though the 2008 financial crisis is omitted from the novel, it overshadows the entire plot, and its absence emphasizes the lack of finality in the story of this phase of capitalism itself. In demonstrating the temporal and spatial unknowability of contemporary capital, Lanchester’s novel both affirms the capacity of realism to trace deep systemic connections and reveals the fragility of its construction of a social totality, positing a realism attendant to its own perspectival limits within the world-system.
Photochemical Synthesis of Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids Using Tetra-coordinate Benzylboron Reagents: Application to Berberine Type Alkaloids
Authors: Makiura Takumi , Nishigaichi Yutaka 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Photochemical and selective synthesis of 1-benzyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinolines was achieved from isoquinolines, methyl chloroformate and electron-rich benzyltrifluoro-borates in the presence of pyridine that inhibited subsequent formation of possible cyclized pavine type products. The benzyl adducts were successfully transformed into berberine type skeletons by the cyclization at the carbamate moiety.
In Situ Carbon-coated Ni0.85Se@C Composite with High Performance for Sodium-ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Mingyue , Chen Yongming , Wang Jing , Yang Ru , Guo Xingmei , Cao Fu , Sun Shasha , Zhang Junhao , Kong Qinghong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ni(benzimidazole)(2-methylimidazole) with two-dimensional structure is used as a self-template to synthesize carbon-coated Ni0.85Se (Ni0.85Se@C) composites. Ni0.85Se@C composites display a thin nanosheet structure (∼20 nm) with macropores (∼200 nm), which can effectively reduce the volume change. The carbon network can improve the electrical conductivity of the electrode material. When evaluated as anode material for sodium ion batteries (SIBs), Ni0.85Se@C composites deliver an excellent reversible capacity of 405 mA h g−1 at 200 mA g−1 after 100 cycles and a good rate performance with a capacity of 200 mA h g−1 at 3.0 A g−1.
Pre-Clinical Study: Immunohistochemical evaluation of matrix metalloproteinase-13 on rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) socket healing after application of platelet-rich fibrin with and without hydroxyapatite
Authors: Damayanti Meta Maulida , Rachmawati Meike 
Published: January 2022

Background: Tissue engineering technology has been used globally and proven to accelerate wound healing. This study aimed to analyse the effect of adding hydroxyapatite (HA) as a scaffold to platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a growth factor in accelerating the wound healing process as seen from the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13). Methods: This research is an animal experiment conducted on 18 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Rabbits were randomly divided into the following three groups of treatment: (G1) the application of PRF group, (G2) the application of PRF+HA group and (C) the control group without any application. Furthermore, each treatment group was split randomly into three groups of observation time. Periodontal tissue biopsy was performed to analyse the histopathological features that were examined on the basis of the level of MMP-13 immunoexpression. Results: MMP-13 immunoexpression in the PRF+HA group showed better histoscore results, indicating a substantial reduction in MMP-13 values compared with other groups. The healing process was shown to increase with increasing observation time (p<0.05), and the PRF+HA group outperformed the PRF and control groups. On day 3, MMP-13 exhibited a dark brown colour of Immunohistochemistry (IHC), which indicated an increase in the expression value of MMP-13 in the early stages of healing, namely, inflammation. On day 14, light brown IHC was seen, especially in group 2, as a reference that the remodeling process had begun. Conclusions: This study indicates that the application of HA can accelerate the socket healing process by decreasing the level of immunoexpression of MMP-13. HA is an alloplastic material that has inherent bioactive properties that support osteoconduction, which functions as a scaffold in the form of a fibrin matrix that can bind MMPs so that it can accelerate the wound healing process.
Dataset: Knowledge and attitude retention following an implicit bias classroom workshop
Authors: Zhou Yuanyuan , Purkiss Joel , Juneja Malvika , Greely Jocelyn , Beasley Anitra , Gill Anne 
Published: January 2022

Background: Baylor College of Medicine provides a classroom-based implicit bias workshop to all third-year medical students to increase students’ awareness of their unconscious bias and develop strategies for reducing health care disparities. The workshop meets our immediate goals and objectives. However, we are unsure if the benefit would be long-term or diminish over time. Methods: To examine the concept retention from the implicit bias classroom workshop, we administered a self-developed seven-item seven-point Likert-scale survey to our medical students at pre-, post-, and one-year post-workshop attendance. Results: The data set was comprised of survey results from two cohorts of our third and fourth-year medical students from 2018 to 2020 and included 289 completed records at three measurement points. The data included: Student Identifiers, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, Student Enrollment Type, Cohort, and three repeated measures results for each of the seven items, which were documented in wide format. The data may be of interest to those who wish to examine how factors including elapsed time, race, and sex may associate with attitudes and understandings of implicit bias following related training, and those interested in analytical methods on longitudinal research in general.
Bacterial and fungal co-infections among ICU COVID-19 hospitalized patients in a Palestinian hospital: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Naseef Hani A. , Mohammad Ula , Al-Shami Nimeh , Sahoury Yousef , Abukhalil Abdallah D. , Dreidi Mutaz , Alsahouri Ibrahim , Farraj Mohammad 
Published: January 2022

Background: Diagnosis of co-infections with multiple pathogens among hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can be jointly challenging and essential for appropriate treatment, shortening hospital stays and preventing antimicrobial resistance. This study proposes to investigate the burden of bacterial and fungal co-infections outcomes on COVID-19 patients. It is a single center cross-sectional study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at Beit-Jala hospital in Palestine. Methods: The study included 321 hospitalized patients admitted to the ICU between June 2020 and March 2021 aged ≥20 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay conducted on a nasopharyngeal swab. The patient's information was gathered using graded data forms from electronic medical reports. Results: The diagnosis of bacterial and fungal infection was proved through the patient’s clinical presentation and positive blood or sputum culture results. All cases had received empirical antimicrobial therapy before the intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and different regimens during the ICU stay. The rate of bacterial co-infection was 51.1%, mainly from gram-negative isolates (Enterobacter species and K.pneumoniae). The rate of fungal co-infection caused by A.fumigatus was 48.9%, and the mortality rate was 8.1%. However, it is unclear if it had been attributed to SARS-CoV-2 or coincidental. Conclusions: Bacterial and fungal co-infection is common among COVID-19 patients at the ICU in Palestine, but it is not obvious if these cases are attributed to SARS-CoV-2 or coincidental, because little data is available to compare it with the rates of secondary infection in local ICU departments before the pandemic. Comprehensively, those conclusions present data supporting a conservative antibiotic administration for severely unwell COVID-19 infected patients. Our examination regarding the impacts of employing antifungals to manage COVID-19 patients can work as a successful reference for future COVID-19 therapy.
Assessment of serum hormone levels in female patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: Nguyen Phu Cuong , Nguyen Hoang Van , Vu Van Tien , Pham Van Tran , Tran Dang Quyet , Nguyen Thanh Tung 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Acne is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit with differential pathogenesis. To elucidate the roles of hormones in acne pathogenesis, we conducted a study to evaluate the serum testosterone, estradiol, progesterone levels in women with acne vulgaris. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study, and 175 women with acne vulgaris were examined; their serum estradiol, progesterone, testosterone were analyzed by chemiluminescence technique and compared with the healthy control group. Results: Increased serum hormone levels in women with acne vulgaris were accounted for 29.7%, and hyperandrogenism was accounted for 16.0% of cases. We found significant differences in testosterone levels (mean value, 55.67±25.56 versus 38.37±10.16 ng/dL, p<0.05) respectively in the acne group and the control group. However, the estradiol level of the acne group (323.15±93.31 pmol/L) was lower than the control group (370.94±58.88 pmol/L) with p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found for progesterone (0.60±0.38 versus 0.50±0.15 ng/mL, p>0.05) levels. Moreover, we did not find the relationship between serum hormone levels and the severity of acne vulgaris. Conclusion: This study showed that the female acne vulgaris patients may have high serum testosterone levels and low serum estradiol levels compared with those of female controls. However, hormone alterations had no correlation with the acne grades.
Health literacy education programmes developed for qualified health professionals: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Connell Lauren , Finn Yvonne , Dunne Rosie , Sixsmith Jane 
Published: January 2022

Introduction:Health literacy education, for health professionals, has been identified as having the potential to improve patient outcomes and has been recognized as such in policy developments. Health literacy, as a relational concept, encompasses individuals’ skills and how health information is processed in relation to the demands and complexities of the surrounding environment. Focus has been predominantly on the dimension of functional health literacy (reading, writing and numeracy), although increasing emphasis has been placed on interactive and critical domains. Such dimensions often guide the development of health professional education programmes, where the aim is to enhance the patient-practitioner relationship, and ultimately reduce the health literacy burden experienced by patients navigating health services. Currently little is known about qualified health professionals’ education in health literacy and communication skills, and development, implementation or evaluation of such interventions.Aim:To identify and map current educational interventions to improve health literacy competencies and communication skills of qualified health professionals.Methods: A scoping review will be conducted drawing on methods and guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute, and will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist. This study will retrieve literature on health professional education for health literacy and communication skills through a comprehensive search strategy in the following databases: CINAHL; Medline (Ovid); the Cochrane Library; EMBASE; ERIC; UpToDate; PsycINFO. Grey literature will be searched within the references of identified articles; Lenus; ProQuest E-Thesis Portal; RIAN and OpenGrey. A data charting form will be developed with categories including: article details, demographics, intervention details, implementation and evaluation methods.Conclusion:Little is known about the extent and nature of the current evidence base therefore a scoping review will be conducted, in order to identify programme characteristics in relation to health literacy competencies and communication skills.
Anti-TNF therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in patients with neurodegenerative Niemann-Pick disease Type C
Authors: Williams Isabelle , Pandey Sumeet , Haller Wolfram , Huynh Hien Quoc , Chan Alicia , Düeker Gesche , Bettels Ruth , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Dike Chinenye R. , DeGeeter Catherine , Smith David , Al Eisa Nada , Platt Nick , Marquardt Thorsten , Schwerd Tobias , Platt Frances M. , Uhlig Holm H. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Blockade of tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) is effective in patients with Crohn’s Disease but has been associated with infection risk and neurological complications such as demyelination. Niemann-Pick disease Type C1 (NPC1) is a lysosomal storage disorder presenting in childhood with neurological deterioration, liver damage and respiratory infections. Some NPC1 patients develop severe Crohn’s disease. Our objective was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of anti-TNF in NPC1 patients with Crohn’s disease. Methods: Retrospective data on phenotype and therapy response were collected in 2019-2020 for the time period 2014 to 2020 from patients in the UK, France, Germany and Canada with genetically confirmed NPC1 defects and intestinal inflammation. We investigated TNF secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with NPC1 inhibitor in response to bacterial stimuli. Results: NPC1 inhibitor treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) show significantly increased TNF production after lipopolysaccharide or bacterial challenge providing a rationale for anti-TNF therapy. We identified 4 NPC1 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD)-like intestinal inflammation treated using anti-TNF therapy (mean age of onset 8.1 years, mean treatment length 27.75 months, overall treatment period 9.25 patient years). Anti-TNF therapy was associated with reduced gastrointestinal symptoms with no apparent adverse neurological events. Therapy improved intestinal inflammation in 4 patients. Conclusions: Anti-TNF therapy appears safe in patients with NPC1 and is an effective treatment strategy for the management of intestinal inflammation in these patients.
The rates of middle molecules in the blood in rats with different motor activity in alcoholic and non alcoholic exerimental hepatosis
Authors: Denefil O. 
Published: January 2022

Alcohol use disorders affect millions of individuals worldwide. The impact of these facts lies in the elevated social and economic costs. Liver metabolizes 75-98 % of ethanol that enters the organism. If the level of alcohol in the liver cells exceeds its degradation rate, alcoholic liver disease develops.
The aim of the study was to determine the peculiarities of hepatotoxicity after simulation of of ethanol hepatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis of high and low-motor active rats.
Material and methods of investigation. The experiments were performed on on 72 white outbred male rats. The animals were divided into three groups: control, non-alkoholic hepatitis (NAH), ethanol hepatosis (EH). Each of group was subdivided – animals with high and low-motor activity (HA and LA). Contents of middle-mass molecules (MMM) were determined in the blood serum.
Results. The analysis of the results shows that the levels of MMM in blood serum are increasing. Dystrophic changes that appear in a consequence of hypoxia are noted in NAH and EH. Both morphological and biochemical changes were more significant in HA animals. The degree of MMM accumulation depends on the severity of the pathology and motor activity of the animals. Less activity of MMM238 is observed in HA rats, which can be explained by the development of multi-organ pathology.
Conclusions. During our investigations it was found the significant increasing of MMM levels in blood serum in rats with ethanol hepatosis and nonalkoholic hepatitis. The accumulation of MMM is not only a marker of endotoxication, they also increase the course of the pathological process, acquiring the roles of secondary toxins, affect the viability of all organs and systems. The degree of MMM accumulation depends on the moto activity of the animals and simulated pathology and is more significant in highly active animals, compared with low-active in the ethanol using.
Less activity of MMM238 is observed in HA rats with EH, which can be explained by the development of multi-organ pathology, in particular, renal impairment. Morphological investigations showed that the grade of liver injury was more significant in HA rats.
Cefazolin remains the linchpin for preventing acute periprosthetic joint infection following primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Buchalter Daniel B. , Nduaguba Afamefuna , Teo Greg M. , Kugelman David , Aggarwal Vinay K. , Long William J. 
Published: January 2022

Aims Despite recent literature questioning their use, vancomycin and clindamycin often substitute cefazolin as the preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), especially in the setting of documented allergy to penicillin. Topical povidone-iodine lavage and vancomycin powder (VIP) are adjuncts that may further broaden antimicrobial coverage, and have shown some promise in recent investigations. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to compare the risk of acute periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in primary TKA patients who received cefazolin and VIP to those who received a non-cephalosporin alternative and VIP. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 11,550 primary TKAs performed at an orthopaedic hospital between 2013 and 2019. The primary outcome was PJI occurring within 90 days of surgery. Patients were stratified into two groups (cefazolin vs non-cephalosporin) based on their preoperative antibiotic. All patients also received the VIP protocol at wound closure. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to control for potential confounders and identify the odds ratio of PJI. Results In all, 10,484 knees (90.8%) received cefazolin, while 1,066 knees (9.2%) received a non-cephalosporin agent (either vancomycin or clindamycin) as preoperative prophylaxis. The rate of PJI in the cefazolin group (0.5%; 48/10,484) was significantly lower than the rate of PJI in the non-cephalosporin group (1.0%; 11/1,066) (p = 0.012). After controlling for confounding variables, the odds ratio (OR) of developing a PJI was increased in the non-cephalosporin cohort compared to the cefazolin cohort (OR 2.389; 1.2 to 4.6); p = 0.01). Conclusion Despite the use of topical irrigant solutions and addition of local antimicrobial agents, the use of a non-cephalosporin perioperative antibiotic continues to be associated with a greater risk of TKA PJI compared to cefazolin. Strategies that increase the proportion of patients receiving cefazolin rather than non-cephalosporin alternatives must be emphasized. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(1):35–41.