bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subseasonal forecasts provide a powerful tool for dynamic marine mammal management
Authors: Stepanuk Julia EF , Kim Hyemi , Nye Janet A , Roberts Jason J , Halpin Pat N , Palka Debra L , Pabst D Ann , McLellan William A , Barco Susan G , Thorne Lesley H 
Published: October 2022

Adaptive approaches are needed to effectively manage dynamic marine systems, and ecological forecasts can help managers anticipate when and where conservation issues are likely to arise in the future. The recent development of subseasonal global environmental forecasts provides an opportunity to inform management by forecasting species distributions in advance over operational timeframes. We demonstrate the utility of environmental forecasts for managing marine mammals by integrating species distribution models with subseasonal forecasts to predict the arrival of migratory humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) at foraging grounds in the Northeast US. Environmental forecasts showed high model skill at lead times of up to 2 weeks and resulting humpback whale models performed well in predicting humpback arrival. Forecasts of whale distribution can shape management efforts to minimize both impacts on whales and economic costs. Applying subseasonal forecasts to anticipate future risk presents a powerful tool for the dynamic management of marine mammals.Front Ecol Environ 2022;
Effects of substitution level and particle size of extruded soybean hull fractions on physicochemical and sensorial properties of high‐fiber pan bread during storage
Authors: Tabibloghmany Forough Sadat , Tehrani Mostafa Mazaheri , Koocheki Arash 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effect of adding different fractions of extruded and non‐extruded soybean hull to wheat flour at 20% and 30% and two‐particle size levels (smaller and larger than 150 μm) was studied on the physicochemical, sensorial properties, and the shelf‐life of high‐fiber molded bread. Increasing the amount of all different fractions of the soybean hull raised the water absorption of the dough. It also increased the ash and crude fiber contents, bread crust lightness, redness and yellowness, bread crumb hardness as well as the cells number per unit area of the crumb. Moreover, it reduced the moisture content, specific volume, porosity, and overall acceptability of the pan bread. The treatments containing the fractions with larger particle sizes of the soybean hull had higher dough stability time, bread‐specific volume, porosity, and lightness, as well as lower crumb hardness and moisture content, and crust redness and yellowness than the corresponding ones with finer particle sizes. The samples prepared with the extruded fractions with smaller particle sizes showed lower moisture content, hardness, porosity, and specific volume. After studying the bread staling, moisture content and overall acceptance of the samples decreased. In addition, the enthalpy in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the signal intensity in x‐ray diffraction (XRD) increased during storage. In many cases, the bread with the large‐sized extruded fractions of soybean hull at the substitution level of 20% was the most suitable product in most of the variables studied.
Understanding sheep baa‐haviour: Investigating the relationship between pasture and animal grazing patterns
Authors: Parnell Danica , Kardailsky Igor , Parnell Jacob , Badgery Warwick Brabazon , Ingram Lachlan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundGrasslands are the primary source of feed for grazing livestock, and as such, knowledge on how to best manage livestock and grasslands, through the use of spatiotemporal modelling, will assist in the long‐term management of a valuable ecosystem resource.MethodsThis study was conducted over 14 months between March and April 2017 in Orange, NSW, Australia. The study evaluated sheep behaviour in relation to the presence of pasture species, environment and paddock structures, using random forest modelling, to predict sheep location under continuous high (HSR, 13 DSE ha−1) and low (LSR, 7 DSE ha−1) stocking rates.ResultsIn the LSR, significant drivers included water, shade and fence lines (p < 0.01). In the HSR, only fence lines and available biomass were found to be significant (p < 0.01). The presence of green legumes in both stocking rates often increased residency by sheep. Animals spent more time together in the LSR, suggesting that social behaviour played a larger role than pasture quantity and quality in driving grazing behaviours.ConclusionsUnderstanding how pasture type can influence grazing behaviours and also how animal behaviour affects pasture performance and utilisation is important in developing long‐term sustainable management strategies on a paddock scale.
Feasibility of clinical evaluation of individuals with increased risk for HPV‐associated oropharynx cancer
Authors: Scott‐Wittenborn Nicholas , D'Souza Gypsyamber , Aygun Nafi , Tewari Sakshi R. , Azadi Javad , Vosler Peter , Gooi Zhen , Mehta Vikas , Mydlarz Wojciech , Nance Melonie , Mlot Stefan , Patel Mihir R. , Tan Marietta , Miles Brett A. , Troy Tanya , Fakhry Carole 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus‐associated oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (HPV‐OPSCC) has no known pre‐malignant lesion. While vaccination offers future primary prevention, there is current interest in secondary prevention. The feasibility of clinical evaluation of individuals at increased risk for HPV‐OPSCC is unclear.MethodsIndividuals with risk factors for HPV‐OPSCC were enrolled in a prospective study (MOUTH). Participants positive for biomarkers associated with HPV‐OPSCC were eligible for a clinical evaluation which comprised a head and neck examination and imaging with ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study was designed to evaluate feasibility of clinical evaluation in a screening study.ResultsThree hundred and eighty‐four participants were eligible for clinical evaluation. Of the 384, 204 (53%) completed a head and neck examination or imaging. Of these, 66 (32%) completed MRI (n = 51) and/or ultrasound (n = 64) studies.ConclusionsClinical evaluations, including head and neck examination and imaging, are feasible in the context of a screening study for HPV‐OPSCC.
Complement complex 1 subunit q‐mediated hepatic stellate cell activation with connective tissue growth factor elevation is a prognostic factor for survival in rat and human chronic liver diseases
Authors: Eguchi Akiko , Iwasa Motoh , Sugimoto Ryosuke , Tempaku Mina , Yoshikawa Kyoko , Yoshizawa Naohiko , Povero Davide , Sugimoto Kazushi , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Takei Yoshiyuki , Nakagawa Hayato 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Complement complex 1 subunit q (C1q) has multiple functions, including cell migration, in addition to its traditional complement‐activating effect. Research shows C1q is a ligand for frizzled receptors (FZDs). FZD‐induced yes‐associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ) alternate Wnt signaling activation induces connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) production and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. However, no study exists in which C1q directly induces CTGF in HSCs. Here, we investigated the role of C1q in HSC activation. Human HSCs (LX2) were incubated with C1q to assess HSC activation. C1q and fibrotic markers were assessed using immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction in cirrhotic rats administered CCl4 for 21 weeks. Serum C1q, liver function, and fibrosis score were measured in 91 patients with chronic liver disease. The correlations between serum C1q and liver function, fibrosis score, and survival prognosis were examined. C1q‐activated LX2s showed morphologic changes, up‐regulation of CTGF, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP‐1), and alternate Wnt signal genes FZD2, TAZ, and cysteine‐rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61). Cirrhotic rat liver C1q expression correlated with the Azan‐positive area and expression of CTGF, TIMP‐1, hyaluronan synthase (HAS)1, HAS3, and CD44. Expression of C1q protein and C1q, CTGF, and TIMP‐1 genes were higher in deceased cirrhotic rat livers compared to surviving rats. Human serum C1q levels increased in liver cirrhosis compared to chronic hepatitis and correlated with liver fibrosis and functional markers. Ten patients suffered liver‐related death over a 66‐month observation period. The C1q cut‐off value (11 mg/dl) showed patients with serum values < 11 mg/dl had longer rates of survival compared to C1q ≥ 11 mg/dl. Conclusion: C1q‐mediated HSC activation in liver fibrosis is associated with CTGF elevation. Additionally, serum C1q may be diagnostic for survival in human chronic liver diseases.
Black‐Asian solidarity through collective racial socialization
Authors: Lei Ryan F. , Frazer‐Klotz Zoe , Szanton Elizabeth C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the past few years, incidents of anti‐Black and anti‐Asian discrimination have proliferated. Some of these incidents have involved perpetrators from other racially minoritized groups. Historically, this has led to increased tensions between racially minoritized groups and inhibited progress towards racial equity for all groups. To foster coalitions between Black and Asian communities instead of repeating historical tensions, the present article suggests that parents might lay the foundation for racial solidarity by engaging in collective racial socialization. Collective racial socialization is a new direction for racial‐ethnic socialization that focuses on similarities across groups that are the result of White supremacy. Although there are hurdles to collective racial socialization, it may nonetheless be one way minoritized parents can help create awareness of structural racial inequality.
Juvenile incarceration in an adult correctional facility as a risk factor for adolescent childrearing?
Authors: Silver Ian A. , Brookstein Adrienne J. , D'Amato Christopher 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionRecent trends in reproductive rights have contributed to lasting concerns about adolescent childrearing in American society. Beyond being generally unprepared when raising a child, having a child during adolescence is associated with a variety of environmental, social, and psychological consequences for both the parents and the child. It is important to understand the factors contributing to adolescent childrearing. Although research has identified many factors that contribute to adolescent childrearing, a notable gap remains when considering the role of the correctional system and, in particular, the age‐specific effects of confining adolescents in adult correctional facilities.MethodsThe current study examined the age‐specific effects of time spent in adult correctional facilities from 13 to 34 years of age on childrearing between 14 and 35 years of age using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth‐1997 (NLSY97). The NLSY97 is a nationally representative sample of Males (51%) and Females (49%) born in the United States. Respondents of the NLSY97 were interviewed about life events beginning at age 7 and continued to participate in the study as recently as 2021.ResultsThe results of the lagged growth curve models suggest that the time spent incarcerated between 13 and 17 years of age heightens the risk of childrearing between 14 and 18 years of age, an effect that is not observed during adulthood.ConclusionOverall, the results suggest that the conditions adolescents are exposed to during incarceration in an adult correctional facility could contribute to a heightened likelihood of adolescent childrearing.
Prediction of anorectal malformations with bladder‐neck/urethral‐prostatic fistula using classification and regression tree analysis
Authors: Yuan Peng , Feng Wei , Huang Yao , Wang Yi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe anorectal malformations (ARMs) with bladder‐neck/urethral‐prostatic fistula in males are the most complex groups in ARMs. It is essential to diagnose them effectively before the primary operation for both surgical modalities and future functional prognosis can be quite different from other types. Our study aimed to develop a classification and regression tree (CART) model for the prediction of ARMs with bladder‐neck/urethral‐prostatic fistula.MethodsA total of 132 newborns with ARMs were included retrospectively and randomly assigned to the training sample and test sample in a 3:1 ratio. The pouch‐perineum distance of ultrasound (PPDU), the pouch‐perineum distance of invertogram (PPDI), and the rectum gas above the coccyx (RGAC) on the invertogram were hypothesized can serve as individual predictors. The CART analysis was used to determine the best combination of candidate predictors. The model's performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and validated in the test sample.ResultsAll three individual predictors were included in the CART model to predict the ARMs with bladder‐neck/urethral‐prostatic fistula in the derivation cohort with the following test characteristics (95% CI): sensitivity 75.6% (60.1 to 86.6); specificity 88.9% (76.7 to 95.4); AUC 0.909 (0.854 to 0.965). The model's predicted accuracy was validated in the test cohort (AUC = 0.883). In all 132 subjects, the AUC of the tree model was significantly superior to that of the best individual index: PPDU (0.901 vs. 0.819; p = 0.005).ConclusionsA predictive model that consists of PPDU, PPDI, and RGAC may be useful in predicting ARMs with bladder‐neck/urethral‐prostatic fistula.
Shear‐wave elastography evaluation of thenar muscle in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Shin Kyong Jin , Yi Jisook , Hahn Seok 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeWe aim to evaluate the shear wave velocity (SWV) of the thenar muscle as an adjunct diagnostic tool for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).MethodsNinety‐two wrists with CTS and 30 control wrists without CTS underwent ultrasonographic evaluation of thenar muscle and median nerve including shear‐wave elastography. Cross sectional area (CSA) of medial nerve and SWV of thenar muscle and median nerve were evaluated. CTS patients were assessed for Boston CTS, Padua CTS, modified Hirani grading scores, and nerve conduction study (NCS). SWVs, CSA, and NCS parameters were compared between two groups.ResultsThe SWVs of thenar muscle and median nerve (p < 0.001, respectively), and CSA of median nerve (p < 0.001) were more significantly greater in patients with CTS than in controls. The SWV of median nerve was moderately correlated with CSA of median nerve (r = 0.35, p < 0.001) and modified Hirani CTS score (r = 0.35, p < 0.001). The SWV of thenar muscle was inversely correlated with modified Hirani CTS score (r = −0.21, p = 0.04).ConclusionThe SWV of thenar muscle and median nerve of CTS were significantly increased compared to that of control, and significantly negatively correlated with NCS parameters (modified Hirani CTS score). SWVs may be used as an adjunct diagnostic tool for CTS.
Cytochrome P450 3A4‐mediated pharmacokinetic interaction study between tadalafil and canagliflozin using high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography
Authors: Ali Al‐Montaser Bellah H. , Abdel‐aal Fatma A. M. , Rageh Azza H. , Mohamed Abdel‐Maaboud I. 
Published: October 2022

Diabetes is a known risk factor for sexual dysfunction in men; diabetic men have an increased risk of erectile dysfunction compared to non‐diabetic men. Canagliflozin is one of the common antidiabetic drugs that is readily used in the treatment of type‐2 diabetes. Concomitantly phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, such as tadalafil, can be given to the patient to alleviate erectile dysfunction. Canagliflozin is reported to be one of the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme inhibitors, that might seriously influence blood concentration levels of tadalafil but there is no study till now, discussing this interaction. Therefore, a fast, simple, and sensitive high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic method was developed, validated, and applied for the simultaneous determination of tadalafil and canagliflozin in spiked and real human plasma. The limit of detection for tadalafil was 0.14 ng/band and for canagliflozin was 0.16 ng/band. The limit of quantitation value for tadalafil was 0.43 ng/band and for canagliflozin was 0.47 ng/band. Tadalafil and canagliflozin were determined simultaneously in real human plasma using the described procedure and the method was applied for in vivo pharmacokinetic drug interaction study between the studied drugs, which proved significant interaction between them when administered simultaneously.
Improve Quantum Yield of Poly(Maleic Anhydride‐Alt‐Vinyl Acetate) via Good Solvents
Authors: Chen Xiang , Hu Chenxi , Wang Yang , Li Ting , Jiang Jie , Huang Jing , Wang Shibo , Liu Tianxi , Dong Weifu , Qiao Jinliang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, the optical properties of poly(maleic anhydride‐alt‐vinyl acetate) (PMV) synthesized by different polymerization methods are studied systematically. Compared to self‐stabilized precipitation polymerization (pPMV), solution polymerization produces PMV solids (sPMV) with an extraordinarily high quantum yield (QY) of 20.65%. Additionally, redissolving pPMV in good solvents (rPMV) will also help to increase QY. The rising QY of sPMV and rPMV supports the idea that good solvents will reduce the rigidity of polymer chains and promote cluster formation, which is confirmed by lower glass transition temperature (Tg) and small angle X‐ray scatterer (SAXS). The study also finds that PMV exhibits application potentials in white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) and light conversion film.
Apply big data analytics for forecasting the prices of precious metals futures to construct a hedging strategy for industrial material procurement
Authors: Li Sheng‐Tun , Chiu Kuei‐Chen , Wu Chien‐Chang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study explores the critical factors affecting the prices of precious metals by using Granger causality tests through collecting financial market information and network traffic volume of Google Trend keywords and the traditional financial index. It establishes a forecasting model of precious metal price to assist the procurement of precious metals as raw materials which help to reduce material costs and control risks, thus lifting a company's profits. The results reveal that the prices of precious metals have a causality relation with their own exchange‐traded funds, US 10‐year treasury rate, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average but not Google Trends.
Entrepreneurial intention and resilience: An experiment during the Covid‐19 lockdown
Authors: Arve Malin , Desrieux Claudine , Espinosa Romain 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study what profiles of individuals were the most likely to give up their entrepreneurial project at the beginning of the Covid‐19 crisis. To do so, we run an experiment during the first lockdown in the United Kingdom. Our results show that the first months of the crisis have a sharp screening effect: 63% of prospective entrepreneurs postpone or cancel their project in May 2020. Taste for risk or competition does not characterize those who stick to their project. Instead, low opportunity costs to continue and concern for one's own interest instead of cooperation are common among entrepreneurs who persist.
Does leg dominance influence anterolateral thigh flap perforators?
Authors: Illg Claudius , Krauss Sabrina , Rachunek Katarzyna , Hoffmann Sebastian , Denzinger Markus , Kolbenschlag Jonas , Daigeler Adrien , Schäfer Ruth Christine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionThorough knowledge of perforator anatomy can facilitate anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap harvest. The selection of the right or left thigh as donor area may be supported by preoperative perforator imaging and practical considerations. The study aims to determine if the leg dominance should be taken into account, when choosing the donor thigh for ALT free flap harvest, as muscle mass and perfusion might influence perforator quantity.MethodsALT perforators were localized by color‐coded duplex sonography and dynamic infrared thermography on both thighs within a defined 250 × 80 mm area in 24 subjects. Perforator number and thickness of subcutaneous tissue and muscle layer were compared in dominant and nondominant legs.ResultsWe found no statistically significant difference comparing sonographically identified ALT perforator numbers and hot spot numbers in dominant and nondominant legs. Yet, we found high interindividual differences. The comparison of subcutaneous tissue and muscle thickness yielded no significant difference.ConclusionsOur study yielded no evidence for preference of the dominant or nondominant leg in ALT free flap harvesting. As we found high interindividual differences in perforator number, we suggest to rely on preoperative perforator imaging when choosing the ALT free flap donor thigh.
MRI of radiation chemistry: First images and investigation of potential mechanisms
Authors: Wancura Joshua , Egan James , Sajo Erno , Sudhyadhom Atchar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundParamagnetic species such as O2 and free radicals can enhance T1 and T2 relaxation times. If the change in relaxation time is sufficiently large, the contrast will be generated in magnetic resonance images. Since radiation is known to be capable of altering the concentration of O2 and free radicals during water radiolysis, it may be possible for radiation to induce MR signal change.PurposeWe present the first reported instance of x‐ray‐induced MR signal changes in water phantoms and investigate potential paramagnetic relaxation enhancement mechanisms associated with radiation chemistry changes in oxygen and free radical concentrations.MethodsImages of water and 10 mM coumarin phantoms were acquired on a 0.35 T MR‐linac before, during, and after a dose delivery of 80 Gy using an inversion‐recovery dual‐echo sequence with water nullified. Radiation chemistry simulations of these conditions were performed to calculate changes in oxygen and free radical concentrations. Published relaxivity values were then applied to calculate the resulting T1 change, and analytical MR signal equations were used to calculate the associated signal change.ResultsCompared to pre‐irradiation reference images, water phantom images taken during and after irradiation showed little to no change, while coumarin phantom images showed a small signal loss in the irradiated region with a contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of 1.0–2.5. Radiation chemistry simulations found oxygen depletion of −11 µM in water and −31 µM in coumarin, resulting in a T1 lengthening of 24 ms and 68 ms respectively, and a simulated CNR of 1.0 and 2.8 respectively. This change was consistent with observations in both direction and magnitude. Steady‐state superoxide, hydroxyl, hydroperoxyl, and hydrogen radical concentrations were found to contribute less than 1 ms of T1 change.ConclusionObserved radiation‐induced MR signal changes were dominated by an oxygen depletion mechanism. Free radicals were concluded to play a minor secondary role under steady‐state conditions. Future applications may include in vivo FLASH treatment verification but would require an MR sequence with a better signal‐to‐noise ratio and higher temporal resolution than the one used in this study.