bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freeze‐Casted Keratin Matrix as an Organic Binder to Integrate Hydroxyapatite and BMP2 for Enhanced Cranial Bone Regeneration
Authors: Sow Wan Ting , Wang Yili , Chen Liping , Lai Qiling , Chen Qiong , Chen Linjie , Zhang Chunwu , Li Huaqiong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn ideal bone regenerative scaffold is expected to possess architectural characteristics that mimic the bone tissue, osteoconductive properties, and osteoinductive functionality. Key challenges to creating a scaffold with these ideal characteristics simultaneously are the selection of appropriate processing methods and biocompatible materials. Herein, human hair keratin is proposed as an organic binder for the simultaneous incorporation of bone's major inorganic component, hydroxyapatite and bone's growth factor, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) to enable both osteoconductive and osteoinductive characteristics in the creation of bone scaffolds. Furthermore, a freeze‐casting method is selected to fabricate this rhBMP2‐incorporated keratin/hydroxyapatite (KHA) scaffold with aligned lamellar pores to guide and promote bone regeneration. The aligned KHA scaffolds display better mechanical properties, sustained rhBMP2 release, good cell compliance, and 3D cellular infiltration. Implantation of KHA scaffolds in vivo reveals that scaffolds with aligned pores effectively accelerate the healing process of bone defects compared to scaffolds with random pores. This work indicates the distinctive potential of freeze‐casted rhBMP‐2 incorporated KHA scaffolds for bone regeneration.
Defined Alginate Hydrogels Support Spinal Cord Organoid Derivation, Maturation, and Modeling of Spinal Cord Diseases
Authors: Chooi Wai Hon , Ng Chong Yi , Ow Valerie , Harley Jasmine , Ng Winanto , Hor Jin‐Hui , Low Kay En , Malleret Benoit , Xue Kun , Ng Shi‐Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the process of generating organoids, basement membrane extracts or Matrigel are often used to encapsulate cells but they are poorly defined and contribute to reproducibility issues. While defined hydrogels are increasingly used for organoid culture, the effects of replacing Matrigel with a defined hydrogel on neural progenitor growth, neural differentiation, and maturation within organoids are not well‐explored. In this study, the use of alginate hydrogels as a Matrigel substitute in spinal cord organoid generation is explored. It is found that alginate encapsulation reduces organoid size variability by preventing organoid aggregation. Importantly, alginate supports neurogenesis and gliogenesis of the spinal cord organoids at a similar efficiency to Matrigel, with mature myelinated neurons observed by day 120. Furthermore, using alginate leads to lower expression of non‐spinal markers such as FOXA2, suggesting better control over neural fate specification. To demonstrate the feasibility of using alginate‐based organoid cultures as disease models, an isogenic pair of induced pluripotent stem cells discordant for the ALS‐causing mutation TDP43G298S is used, where increased TDP43 mislocalization in the mutant organoids is observed. This study shows that alginate is an ideal substitute for Matrigel for spinal cord organoid derivation, especially when a xeno‐free and fully defined 3D culture condition is desired.
Radiopaque Nanorobots as Magnetically Navigable Contrast Agents for Localized In Vivo Imaging of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Oral Cagatay M. , Ussia Martina , Urso Mario , Salat Jiri , Novobilsky Adam , Stefanik Michal , Ruzek Daniel , Pumera Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMagnetic nanorobots offer wireless navigation capability in hard‐to‐reach areas of the human body for targeted therapy and diagnosis. Though in vivo imaging is required for guidance of the magnetic nanorobots toward the target areas, most of the imaging techniques are inadequate to reveal the potential locomotion routes. This work proposes the use of radiopaque magnetic nanorobots along with microcomputed tomography (microCT) for localized in vivo imaging applications. The nanorobots consist of a contrast agent, barium sulfate (BaSO4), magnetized by the decoration of magnetite (Fe3O4) particles. The magnetic features lead to actuation under rotating magnetic fields and enable precise navigation in a microfluidic channel used to simulate confined spaces of the body. In this channel, the intrinsic radiopacity of the nanorobots also provides the possibility to reveal the internal structures by X‐ray contrast. Furthermore, in vitro analysis indicates nontoxicity of the nanorobots. In vivo experiments demonstrate localization of the nanorobots in a specific part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract upon the influence of the magnetic field, indicating the efficient control even in the presence of natural peristaltic movements. The nanorobots reported here highlight that smart nanorobotic contrast agents can improve the current imaging‐based diagnosis techniques by providing untethered controllability in vivo.
Gold Nanobipyramid‐Mediated Apoptotic Camouflage of Adipocytes for Obesity Immunotherapy
Authors: Yan Jiao , Wang Yanjing , Mu Zhengzhi , Han Xiaoqing , Bi Luopeng , Wang Xingbo , Song Panpan , Kang Yaqing , Wang Lulu , Zhang Xueyan , Wang Yanbo , Zhang Haiyuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObesity treatment is a global public health challenge due to inadequate weight loss and weight regain even after endeavors with multimodal treatments. Considering the abundance of resident macrophages in adipose tissues, precise regulation of the interactions between macrophages and adipocytes may provide chances for immunotherapy of obesity. Herein, inspired by the phagocytosis of macrophages to clear apoptotic cells in homeostasis, an immunotherapy strategy for obesity treatment is proposed for the first time through apoptotic camouflage of adipocytes by PAAu BPs to activate macrophages for clearance, where PAAu BPs are gold nanobipyramids engineered with adipose‐targeting and apoptotic cell‐mimicking functions. During clearance, the macrophage is switched from pro‐inflammatory M1 to anti‐inflammatory M2, remarkably modulating the immune microenvironment of adipose tissues to prevent weight regain. After inguinal injection with PAAu BPs, the body weights of obese mice are effectively decreased by 24.4% and can be decreased by 33.3% when combined with photothermal lipolysis, and little weight regain is associated with these treatments. This study demonstrates that the strategy of camouflaging adipocytes with apoptotic features holds great potential for obesity immunotherapy.
Assembly of Fillable Microrobotic Systems by Microfluidic Loading with Dip Sealing
Authors: Sun Rujie , Song Xin , Zhou Kun , Zuo Yuyang , Wang Richard , Rifaie‐Graham Omar , Peeler David J. , Xie Ruoxiao , Leng Yixuan , Geng Hongya , Brachi Giulia , Ma Yun , Liu Yutong , Barron Lorna , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMicrorobots can provide spatiotemporally well‐controlled cargo delivery that can improve therapeutic efficiency compared to conventional drug delivery strategies. Robust microfabrication methods to expand the variety of materials or cargoes that can be incorporated into microrobots can greatly broaden the scope of their functions. However, current surface coating or direct blending techniques used for cargo loading result in inefficient loading and poor cargo protection during transportation, which leads to cargo waste, degradation and non‐specific release. Herein, a versatile platform to fabricate fillable microrobots using microfluidic loading and dip sealing (MLDS) is presented. MLDS enables the encapsulation of different types of cargoes within hollow microrobots and protection of cargo integrity. The technique is supported by high‐resolution 3D printing with an integrated microfluidic loading system, which realizes a highly precise loading process and improves cargo loading capacity. A corresponding dip sealing strategy is developed to encase and protect the loaded cargo whilst maintaining the geometric and structural integrity of the loaded microrobots. This dip sealing technique is suitable for different materials, including thermal and light‐responsive materials. The MLDS platform provides new opportunities for microrobotic systems in targeted drug delivery, environmental sensing, and chemically powered micromotor applications.
A Universal Perovskite Nanocrystal Ink for High‐Performance Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Song Hochan , Yang Jonghee , Jeong Woo Hyeon , Lee Jeongjae , Lee Tack Ho , Yoon Jung Won , Lee Hajin , Ramadan Alexandra J. , Oliver Robert D. J. , Cho Seong Chan , Lim Seul Gi , Jang Ji Won , Yu Zhongkai , Oh Jae Taek , Jung Eui Dae , Song Myoung Hoon , Park Sung Heum , Durrant James R. , Snaith Henry J. , Lee Sang Uck , Lee Bo Ram , Choi Hyosung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSemiconducting lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) are regarded as promising candidates for next‐generation optoelectronic devices due to their solution processability and outstanding optoelectronic properties. While the field of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and photovoltaics (PVs), two prime examples of optoelectronic devices, has recently seen a multitude of efforts toward high‐performance PNC‐based devices, realizing both devices with high efficiencies and stabilities through a single PNC processing strategy has remained a challenge. In this work, diphenylpropylammonium (DPAI) surface ligands, found through a judicious ab‐initio‐based ligand search, are shown to provide a solution to this problem. The universal PNC ink with DPAI ligands presented here, prepared through a solution‐phase ligand‐exchange process, simultaneously allows single‐step processed LED and PV devices with peak electroluminescence external quantum efficiency of 17.00% and power conversion efficiency of 14.92% (stabilized output 14.00%), respectively. It is revealed that a careful design of the aromatic rings such as in DPAI is the decisive factor in bestowing such high performances, ease of solution processing, and improved phase stability up to 120 days. This work illustrates the power of ligand design in producing PNC ink formulations for high‐throughput production of optoelectronic devices; it also paves a path for “dual‐mode” devices with both PV and LED functionalities.
Unravelling the Multiple Synergies in MOF/CMP Supramolecular Heterojunction for Enhanced Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Chen Bo , Chen Wanru , Wang Miao , Peng Chuang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOF) and conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) are two groups of supramolecular structures with potential applications for artificial photosynthesis though their catalytic activities are yet to be improved. A MOF/CMP hybrid photocatalyst NU@FNBZ with markedly higher catalytic activity for CO2 reduction to CO is hereby reported. The hybrid catalyst benefits from the high CO2 adsorption capacity of NU and the high visible light response of FNBZ. Moreover, the covalent bonding facilitates the formation of type II heterojunction that allows electron transfer from FNBZ to NU, leading to improved catalytic activity in the electron rich NU and enhanced CO2 adsorption in the electron depleted FNBZ. This work manifests that multiple synergy effects can be achieved by rational design of hybrid supramolecular photocatalysts.
Novel Interconnected Nickel–Iron Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoweb Structure for High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: An Cheng Jin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany emerging technologies urgently require powerful energy storage devices, and their development depends largely on advances in material performance to meet commercialization requirements. Here, the synthesis of a novel structure of a Ni–Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH) interconnected nanoweb is achieved at low temperature (100 °C) using a wet‐chemistry synthesis method. The 3D porous structure consists of interconnected nanowires and produces a very high specific capacitance of 1656.0 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1, which is more than double that recorded for a conventional Ni–Fe LDH nanosheet with a wrinkled structure (787.2 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1). This superior performance is primarily attributed to the 3D porous structure, which provides a large surface area and facilitates electron transport along the interconnected nanowires, thereby shortening the electrolyte diffusion path. A hybrid supercapacitor using the Ni–Fe LDH nanoweb as the cathode material has a high capacitance of 56.2 F g−1 with an energy density of 20.0 Wh kg−1. This unique structure offers significant potential for the preparation of high‐performance supercapacitors and opens a new route for the structural design and development of high‐efficiency electrode materials in numerous energy storage fields.
One‐Pot Construction of Fluorinated Chiral Alcohols via Sequential Substitution/Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of α‐Bromoarylketones and Fluoroalcohols
Authors: Zhao Rongrong , Wei Qiao , Huang Yuxin , Qu Qin , Liu Qixing , Zhou Haifeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA one‐pot synthesis of fluorinated chiral alcohols from α‐bromoarylketones and fluoroalcohols is described. The fluorinated ketone intermediates were formed from α‐bromoarylketones with fluoroalcohols as nucleophiles and solvents, which were reduced subsequentially by adding a chiral Ru catalyst and a mixture of formic acid and triethyl amines (FA: TEA=1.1:1) as hydrogen donor to give 27 examples of fluorinated chiral alcohols in 60–93% yields and 85–98% ee values. Notably, K3PO4 acts as a base in nucleophilic substitution and an additive in reductive step to enhance the reactivity and enantioselectivity, which is crucial for constructing compatible conditions for one‐pot process. This one‐pot process is also applicable to gram‐scale synthesis.
A comparison of pendulum experiments and discrete‐element simulations of oblique collisions of wet spheres
Authors: Punch Oscar , Danczyk Megan , Hawken Mathew , Holland Daniel J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOblique collisions of two spherical particles coated with a thin layer of viscous liquid are considered. Experimental measurements are performed using particle tracking velocimetry and the results are compared to viscous force and capillary force models via numerical simulation using the discrete‐element method. Comprehensive experimental data for collisions with an impact angle between 0° and 60° are presented to ensure future models can be rigorously validated. Collisions are characterized by the normal Stokes' number (a dimensionless ratio of normal inertial forces to normal viscous forces), and the normal coefficient of restitution (a dimensionless ratio of postcollisional normal velocity to precollisional normal velocity). Good agreement was found between the models and the experiments at high Stokes' number, where the models are dominated by the normal components. As the tangential forces become more significant (i.e., at low to medium Stokes' number, and high collision angle), agreement between the simulations and experiments is poorer. Furthermore, the models predict a decreasing rotational velocity with increasing Stokes' number past some critical Stokes' number. A coefficient of friction term was implemented and found to improve agreement for the rotational velocity postcollision.
Urticaria‐like decompression illness in a caisson worker treated successfully in a monoplace chamber
Authors: Okeya Komugi , Suzuki Shinya , Koyama Yasuaki , Inoue Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundAlthough decompression illness is rare for nondivers, it can happen in an environment involving rapid decompression. Recompression is the recommended treatment. We herein report a decompression illness case with cutis marmorata and osteonecrosis in both legs during pneumatic caisson work.Case PresentationA 59‐year‐old compressed air worker suffered sudden dyspnea during pneumatic caisson work. He had rash on his trunk and limbs. He was diagnosed with decompression illness, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy was performed twice. He had no neurological dysfunction nor sequalae on discharge, but magnetic resonance imaging follow‐up revealed osteonecrosis in both legs.ConclusionA detailed medical history should be taken when treating patients with dyspnea at work. Cutis marmorata often precedes more severe symptoms. Early introduction of hyperbaric oxygen therapy is desirable.
Pump‐controlled retrograde trial off for weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in an adult patient with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Matsumura Kazuki , Matsuyoshi Takeo , Horikoshi Yuichi , Sasaki Junichi , Shimizu Keiki 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundAlthough pump‐controlled retrograde trial off (PCRTO) is a practical method for weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO), its advantages and safety for patients with pulmonary embolism are not yet reported.Case PresentationA 62‐year‐old man with coronavirus disease 2019 experienced sudden cardiac arrest, and VA‐ECMO was introduced. After confirming a massive acute pulmonary embolism, unfractionated heparin treatment was initiated. On day 6, the patient was confirmed stable with a flow rate of 1.0 L/min. However, decannulation led to cardiac arrest and reintroduction of VA‐ECMO. After further treatment, a residual thrombus was observed, and pulmonary arterial pressure remained high. On day 23, ECMO was decannulated successfully after a weaning test with PCRTO, which simulated ECMO withdrawal by generating a partial arteriovenous shunt.ConclusionPCRTO is a feasible weaning strategy and can be considered for patients with uncertain cardiorespiratory recovery.
One‐Step Approach for Constructing High‐Density Single‐Atom Catalysts toward Overall Water Splitting at Industrial Current Densities
Authors: Cao Dong , Zhang Zhirong , Cui Yahui , Zhang Runhao , Zhang Lipeng , Zeng Jie , Cheng Daojian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe construction of highly active, durable, and cost‐effective catalysts is urgently needed for green hydrogen production. Herein, catalysts consisting of high‐density Pt (24 atoms nm−2) and Ir (32 atoms nm−2) single atoms anchored on Co(OH)2 were constructed by a facile one‐step approach. Remarkably, Pt1/Co(OH)2 and Ir1/Co(OH)2 only required 4 and 178 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. Moreover, the assembled Pt1/Co(OH)2//Ir1/Co(OH)2 system showed mass activity of 4.9 A mgnoble metal−1 at 2.0 V in an alkaline water electrolyzer, which is 316.1 times higher than that of Pt/C//IrO2. Mechanistic studies revealed that reconstructed Ir−O6 single atoms and remodeled Pt triple‐atom sites enhanced the occupancy of Ir−O bonding orbitals and improved the occupation of Pt−H antibonding orbital, respectively, contributing to the formation of the O−O bond and the desorption of hydrogen. This one‐step approach was also generalized to fabricate other 20 single‐atom catalysts.
Profiling the Heme‐Binding Proteomes of Bacteria Using Chemical Proteomics
Authors: Wilkinson Isabel V. L. , Bottlinger Max , El Harraoui Yassmine , Sieber Stephan A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHeme is a cofactor with myriad roles and essential to almost all living organisms. Beyond classical gas transport and catalytic functions, heme is increasingly appreciated as a tightly controlled signalling molecule regulating protein expression. However, heme acquisition, biosynthesis and regulation is poorly understood beyond a few model organisms, and the heme‐binding proteome has not been fully characterised in bacteria. Yet as heme homeostasis is critical for bacterial survival, heme‐binding proteins are promising drug targets. Herein we report a chemical proteomics method for global profiling of heme‐binding proteins in live cells for the first time. Employing a panel of heme‐based clickable and photoaffinity probes enabled the profiling of 32–54 % of the known heme‐binding proteomes in Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. This simple‐to‐implement profiling strategy could be interchangeably applied to different cell types and systems and fuel future research into heme biology.
Causality and the arrow of time in the branch‐cut cosmology
Authors: Bodmann Benno , Zen Vasconcellos César A. , de Freitas Pacheco José , Hess Peter O. , Hadjimichef Dimiter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe basis our initial analysis of the arrow of time on a relationship between the time evolution operator of quantum system and the time‐independent density operator, which describes the equilibrium state of a many‐particle system at temperature . We highlight through this analysis the identification of the imaginary temporal component of the branch‐cut complex cosmic form factor with the direction in which the time parameter flows globally, or the arrow of time. As a novelty, in this work, we calculate the number of branches in the branch‐cut universe to achieve causality involving the global time of evolution of the universe and the local time of travel of the light around each Hubble horizon. The preliminary result obtained is comparable to 60 e‐folds of contraction in the FLRW cosmic scale factor to overcome causality achieved in the bouncing model.
The Chelate Effect Rationalizes Observed Rate Acceleration and Enantioselectivity in BINOL‐Catalyzed Petasis Reactions
Authors: Haeffner Fredrik , Pickel Thomas C. , Hou April , Walker Donald G. , Kiesman William F. , Shi Xianglin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations afforded insight into the origin of the experimentally observed reaction rate acceleration (≥500 fold) and enantioselectivity (≥99 % ee) of 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol‐ (BINOL‐) catalyzed three‐component Petasis reactions . BINOL accelerates the rate determining step by forming a BIV chelate, which involves the loss of water from the hemiaminal moiety to generate an iminium intermediate. Subsequent vinyl group transfer from BIV to the iminium carbon affords the enantiomerically enriched product and a cyclic trigonal B(III)BINOL complex, which rapidly releases the BINOL allowing it to re‐enter the catalytic cycle. In the transition state of the vinyl transfer step, C−H−O hydrogen bonding between the iminium C−H and O of (R)‐BINOL directs the vinyl group addition to the Re‐face of the iminium carbon. This mechanism explains both the rate acceleration and high enantioselectivity of the stereo determining step.