bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fleet deployment and speed optimization of container ships considering bunker fuel consumption heterogeneity
Authors: Gu Yuyun , Wang Yadong , Zhang Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe bunker fuel consumption cost takes up the largest percentage of the total operating cost of a container ship. How to control bunker fuel consumption is one of the important problems to be solved by the shipping companies. Especially nowadays, shipping companies have to reduce emissions to meet the regulations of the international maritime organization (IMO) and local governments. Bunker consumption is impacted by the sailing speed of ships, which also influences the round-trip time and the number of ships deploying on the specific routes. In addition, the ships deployed in the same route may have different consumption rates due to different construction techniques, waring out, etc. This paper considers two situations where bunker consumption functions are the same and different on different legs of the shipping route and establishes two mixed integer nonlinear programming models to adjust the fleet deployment with heterogenous ships and optimize ship sailing speed while maintaining the weekly service frequency to reduce the total operating cost which consists of bunker consumption cost and ship operation cost. Then two tailored exact algorithms are developed to obtain the global optimal solutions for the two models. Finally, numerical experiments are conducted to verify the validity of the two models.
Travel route planning of core scenic spots based on best-worst method and genetic algorithm: a case study
Authors: Tu Yan , Zhao Ying , Liu Liyi , Nie Ling 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTravel has become the most popular way to relieve stress at present. Choosing suitable travel cities and scenic spots among the many alternatives and planning travel routes are the two most troublesome problems for people. For the first question, this paper uses the multi-criteria decision-making method—best-worst method (BWM) to build a priority model of core scenic spots to help people filter out the cities and core scenic spots with the highest travel value from a large number of tourist attractions. For the second question, this paper uses the genetic algorithm to plan the travel route of core scenic spots, so as to reduce the cost of tourists in the travel process and improve the travel happiness as much as possible. Subsequently, a case about the selection of core scenic spots and travel route planning in Hubei Province of China was presented. Among them, 6 cities (i.e. 24 core scenic spots) with the highest travel priority were selected by the score of BWM. Then, the genetic algorithm was programmed by MATLAB to obtain the optimal travel routes of these 24 core scenic spots, with a total distance of 1355.72 km. This paper will promote the practical application of BWM and genetic algorithm.
Some interactive uncertain linguistic aggregation operators based on Shapley function and their application
Authors: Zhang ShaoLin , Meng FanYong , Li Xia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this paper, two uncertain linguistic aggregation operators named the induced uncertain linguistic hybrid Shapley arithmetical averaging (IULHSAA) operator and the induced uncertain linguistic hybrid Shapley geometric mean (IULHSGM) operator are defined. These operators do not only globally consider the importance of the elements and their ordered positions but overall reflect the correlations between them, respectively. Furthermore, to reduce the complexity of solving a fuzzy measure, the induced uncertain linguistic hybrid 2-additive Shapley arithmetical averaging (IULHASAA) operator and the induced uncertain linguistic hybrid 2-additive Shapley geometric mean (IULHASGM) operator are defined. Moreover, if the weight information of experts and attributes is incompletely known, models for the optimal fuzzy measures are established. Meanwhile, an approach to multi-attribute group decision making under uncertain linguistic environment is developed, which considers the correlative characteristics between experts as well as between attributes. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the developed procedure.
Drawing a line: Digital transnational repression against political exiles and host state sovereignty
Authors: Michaelsen Marcus , Thumfart Johannes 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAuthoritarian regimes increasingly resort to surveillance and malware attacks to extend their coercive reach into the territory of other states and silence dissidents abroad. Recent scholarship has examined the methods of digital transnational repression and their detrimental effects on the fundamental rights and security of targeted individuals. However, the broader normative and security dimensions of these practices remain underexplored, especially with regard to the states hosting the affected exiles. Addressing this gap, our article investigates digital transnational repression as a potential violation of host state sovereignty. Mobilising emerging research on digital sovereignty and cybersecurity, we argue that digital repression can violate host state sovereignty in that it constitutes extraterritorial enforcement jurisdiction; interferes with open debate and national self-determination; impedes the host state's adherence to fundamental norms of international humanitarian law; and undermines host state authority, domestic sovereignty, and integrative capacities. We outline possible pathways to counter digital transnational repression, focusing notably on distributed cyber deterrence, punitive measures like sanctions, and norms and regulations restricting the global proliferation of offensive cyber capabilities. Building on a post-territorial notion of sovereignty that centres on the effects of state actions in and beyond cyberspace, our article contributes to reflections on a human-centric approach to cybersecurity.
The Comparative Politics of Cabinet Reshuffles
Authors: Helms Ludger , Vercesi Michelangelo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis special collection is devoted to cabinet reshuffles, which are understood as personnel-related changes within the lifetime of a cabinet. Scholars agree that cabinet reshuffles matter in many respects. To begin, they may shape intra-governmental relations, by either intensifying or helping solve cabinet conflicts. Further, they are important instruments for party leaders to promote or demote party representatives, with far-reaching possible consequences for the party and beyond. Last but not least, reshuffles may be used to increase governmental efficiency and often trigger policy change. The ever-increasing personalization of politics has fuelled the public interest in any ministerial personnel-related issues, and turned cabinet reshuffles into events of undisputed political and scholarly relevance. Despite the apparent importance and ubiquity of reshuffles, the international literature displays at least two major flaws: first, a lack of systematic comparison across countries and regimes and second, a strong notional and empirical bias towards Westminster democracies. This collection seeks to overcome these weaknesses and their limiting effects on the knowledge and understanding of key aspects of executive politics and executive–legislative relations. With that aim, it gathers novel comparative research on the different types, causes and effects of cabinet reshuffles in a variety of democratic and authoritarian systems. The theoretical approaches and empirical findings of the six articles featured mark a major contribution to the scholarship on political executives and executive elites in the contemporary world. This introductory piece offers a succinct historical overview of cabinet reshuffles in different contexts, and the study thereof.
Vertebral lesions in Notiomastodon platensis, Gomphotheriidae, from Anolaima, Colombia
Authors: Zorro-Luján Catalina María , Noè Leslie F. , Gómez-Pérez Marcela , Grouard Sandrine , Chaparro Andrés , Torres Saúl 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSix vertebrae (one cervical, three articulated thoracic, and two lumbar) and an incomplete thoracic neural spine from a new late Pleistocene site at Anolaima, Cundinamarca, Colombia, are attributed to the extinct gomphothere (Elephantoidea, Proboscidea) Notiomastodon platensis. The preserved bones exhibit a range of alterations, including porosities, piercings, hollows, and deep bone lesions on the spinous process and the neural arch; asymmetrical zygapophyseal articulations; and osteoarthritic lesions. Diet, behaviour, ecological aspects, selective pressures, and disease have the potential to affect the bones, so the study of individual variations and palaeopathology provides important information for understanding aspects of the life of extinct organisms. Osteological anomalies in the Anolaima gomphothere are interpreted as the result of nutritional deficiencies in essential minerals caused by environmental stresses, possibly related to the palaeoenvironmental instability that characterized the late Pleistocene and that coincides with the age of the fossils. Excessive biomechanical loading on already weakened bones from locomotion through the uneven, upland terrain of the Anolaima region may have contributed to the pathologies. This palaeopathological analysis is the first for Colombian megafauna, and thereby broadens our knowledge of the health conditions of South American gomphotheres.
Even simple framing effects are rational
Authors: Flusberg Stephen J. , Thibodeau Paul H. , Holmes Kevin J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bermúdez persuasively argues that framing effects are not as irrational as commonly supposed. In focusing on the reasoning of individual decision-makers in complex situations, however, he neglects the crucial role of the social-communicative context for eliciting certain framing effects. We contend that many framing effects are best explained in terms of basic, rational principles of discourse processing and pragmatic reasoning.
The ecological benefits of being irrationally moral
Authors: Sirgiovanni Elisabetta 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTrolley-like dilemmas are other cases of what Bermúdez refers to as (conscious) quasi-cyclical preferences. In these dilemmas, identical outcomes are obtained through morally non-identical actions. I will argue that morality is the context where descriptive invariance and ecological relevance may be crucially distinguished. Logically irrational moral choices in the short term may promote greater social benefits in the longer term.
Semidiurnal Internal Tides Observed on the Eastern Flank of Hanna Shoal in the Northeastern Chukchi Sea
Authors: Fang Ying‐Chih , Janout Markus , Kawaguchi Yusuke , Statscewich Hank 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of semidiurnal tides in the Hanna Shoal region on the northeastern Chukchi Sea shelf to evaluate their impact on the regional shelf dynamics. The study is based on 2‐year long velocity time series from five oceanographic moorings. These records indicate the dominance of wind‐generated near‐inertial energy during the summer season with low ice cover. However, when the ocean is fully covered by sea ice, tides dominate the variability in the semidiurnal energy band. The records reveal considerable seasonal variability as well as regional differences, where barotropic tides dominate in the well‐mixed waters west of Hanna Shoal while bottom‐trapped internal (depth‐dependent) tides are observed east of Hanna Shoal, where stratification can persist year‐round. Resulting tide‐driven shear in winter east of Hanna Shoal under stratified conditions can occasionally reach the level of a Richardson number below 1 and can be as low as ∼0.25, implying the likelihood of shear instability and potentially eroding lower water column stability. This may lead to upward fluxes of near‐bottom nutrient‐rich Winter Water and thus carries ecosystem implications. Our study indicates that the internal tides east of Hanna Shoal are modulated by the spring‐neap cycle and result from the interaction of barotropic tides with local bathymetry and stratification.
An Ice‐Ocean Model Study of the Mid‐2000s Regime Change in the Barents Sea
Authors: Barton Benjamin I. , Lique Camille , Lenn Yueng‐Djern , Talandier Claude 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOver the satellite record, the Barents Sea winter maximum in sea ice extent has declined and was increasingly limited to areas north of the Polar Front after 2005 by warming Atlantic Water (AW) and Barents Sea Water (BSW). Sea ice extent here continues to garner interest, not least because it is associated with extreme winter weather in Europe and Asia. Previous model studies suggest there is a possibility that natural variability will cause southward re‐expansion of the lost sea ice cover but reducing uncertainties requires a better understanding of the processes driving BSW variability. To address questions about BSW variability, we used a high‐resolution model validated with observations over 1985–2014 to calculate the watermass transport, heat, and freshwater budgets within the central Barents Sea, south of the Polar Front. The model shows BSW volume minima events in years centering at 1990 and 2004, meaning a reduction in the Barents Sea's volume reservoir (also termed “memory”) of water that is consistent with historical BSW properties. Both events were preceded by extensive winter sea ice and substantial summer net sea ice melt. The event in 2004 was more extreme and led to warming AW occupying a greater volume in the Barents Sea after 2005. The reduced “memory” of BSW volume could impede a return to the more extensive winter sea ice regime and make further reduction in winter sea ice possible.
Global Marine Heatwaves and Cold‐Spells in Present Climate to Future Projections
Authors: Yao Yulong , Wang Chunzai , Fu Yao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMarine heatwave (MHW) characteristics, such as total days, average duration, and mean intensity, have increased in most global oceans. In contrast, marine cold‐spell (MCS) characteristics have a decreasing trend over most regions. However, the difference between MHW and MCS in the mean and trend in the present and future climate is unclear. Here, we provide a comparative global assessment of these changes based on satellite sea surface temperature for 1982–2020 and climate model projections for 2021–2070. Globally, there are clear differences in the mean and trend between MHW and MCS metrics. On seasonal timescales, MHWs mainly occur in summer and autumn, while MCSs generally occur in winter and spring. The occurrence area of MHWs shows an increasing trend during 1982–2020, while the occurrence area of MCSs shows an opposite trend. Furthermore, the increasing trend in MHW average duration led to a near‐permanent MHW status in the future projections. Upper‐ocean warming due to anthropogenic forcing is closely related to increase in MHWs and decrease in MCSs. In addition, the shallower ocean mixed layer depth in the future is favorable for the occurrence of MHWs. In contrast, the projected weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation facilitates the occurrence of MCSs in the subpolar North Atlantic. These results provide a global baseline for the difference and relationship between MHW and MCS under present climate and future projections.
Climate Change Determines Future Population Exposure to Summertime Compound Dry and Hot Events
Authors: Zhang Gengxi , Wang Huimin , Gan Thian Yew , Zhang Shuyu , Shi Lijie , Zhao Jin , Su Xiaoling , Song Songbai 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCompound dry and hot events (CDHEs) have increased significantly and caused agricultural losses and adverse impacts on human health. It is thus critical to investigate changes in CDHEs and population exposure in responding to climate change. Based on the simulations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), future changes in CDHEs and population exposure are estimated under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways climate scenarios (SSPs) at first. And then the driving forces behind these changes are analyzed and discussed. The results show that the occurrence of CDHEs is expected to increase by larger magnitudes by the end of the 21st century (the 2080s) than that by the mid‐21st century (2050s). Correspondingly, population exposure to CDHEs is expected to increase significantly responding to higher global warming (SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5) but is limited to a relatively low level under the modest emission scenarios (SSP1‐2.6). Globally, compared to 1985–2014, the exposure is expected to increase by 8.5 and 7.7 times under SSP3‐7.0 and SSP5‐8.5 scenarios by the 2080s, respectively. Regionally, Sahara has the largest increase in population exposure to CDHEs, followed by the Mediterranean, Northeast America, Central America, Africa, and Central Asia. The contribution of climate change to the increase of exposure is about 75% by the 2080s under the SSP5‐8.5 scenarios, while that of population change is much lower. The conclusion highlights the importance and urgency of implementing mitigation strategies to alleviate the influence of CDHEs on human society.
Spatial Complexity in Dissolved Organic Matter and Trace Elements Driven by Hydrography and Freshwater Input Across the Arctic Ocean During 2015 Arctic GEOTRACES Expeditions
Authors: Williford Tatiana , Amon Rainer M. W. , Kaiser Karl , Benner Ronald , Stedmon Colin , Bauch Dorothea , Fitzsimmons Jessica N. , Gerringa Loes J. A. , Newton Robert , Hansell Dennis A. , Granskog Mats A. , Jensen Laramie , Laglera Luis M. , Pasqualini Angelica , Rabe Benjamin , Reader Heather , Rutgers van der Loeff Michiel , Yan Ge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study traces dissolved organic matter (DOM) in different water masses of the Arctic Ocean and its effect on the distributions of trace elements (TEs; Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cd) using fluorescent properties of DOM and the terrigenous biomarker lignin. The Nansen, Amundsen, and Makarov Basins were characterized by the influence of Atlantic water and the fluvial discharge of the Siberian Rivers with high concentrations of terrigenous DOM (tDOM). The Canada Basin and the Chukchi Sea were characterized by Pacific water, modified through contact with productive shelf sediments with elevated levels of marine DOM. Within the surface layer of the Beaufort Gyre, meteoric water (river water and precipitation) was characterized by low concentrations of lignin and tDOM fluorescence proxies as DOM is removed during freezing. High‐resolution in situ fluorescence profiles revealed that DOM distribution closely followed isopycnals, indicating the strong influence of sea‐ice formation and melt, which was also reflected in strong correlations between DOM fluorescence and brine contributions. The relationship of DOM and hydrography to TEs showed that terrigenous and marine DOM were likely carriers of dissolved Fe, Ni, Cu from the Eurasian shelves into the central Arctic Ocean. Chukchi shelf sediments were important sources of dCd, dZn, and dNi, as well as marine ligands that bind and carry these TEs offshore within the upper halocline in the Canada Basin. Our data suggest that tDOM components represent stronger ligands relative to marine DOM components, potentially facilitating the long‐range transport of TE to the North Atlantic.
Strong Heterogeneity in Shallow Lunar Subsurface Detected by Apollo Seismic Data
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jinhai , Mitchell Ross N. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExperiencing heavy impacting, the Moon preserves a megaregolith in its shallow subsurface with physical properties that carry implications for lunar history. A strong scattering of seismic waves associated with the heterogeneous lunar megaregolith appears to be systematic, but deriving a statistical law of the random heterogeneities has remained elusive. Apollo seismic data are characterized by ultra‐long coda waves with weak amplitude decay that provide an opportunity to explore the extent of heterogeneity in the lunar crust. We obtain by numerical simulation the appropriate parameters for seismic velocity and density perturbation of the shallow lunar crust that match Apollo seismic data. The perturbations of the shallow lunar crust identified here, which are at least 50%, are much larger than previously thought. This physical behavior thus both confirms a strongly heterogeneous surface layer as well as provides a new constraint on the structural characteristics of the megaregolith.
Long‐Term Relationship Between foF2 From China Ionospheric Stations and Solar Activity During the 24th Solar Activity Cycle
Authors: Cao Boxin , Feng Jing , An Lingling 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper employs the complete data of six ionospheric observation stations in China in the 24th solar activity cycle and researches the variation of frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) and the relationship with the solar activity indices. We discover that the dependence of foF2 on the sunspot number (R) and the solar radio flux of 10.7 cm wavelength (F10.7) is strongest in mid‐solar years, and weakest in high solar years. At the same time, the long‐term variation trends of foF2, R and F10.7 in the complete 24th solar activity cycle are analyzed using the mutual information method in information theory. We utilize the linear and nonlinear methods to compare the effects of long term change relationship between foF2 and R during the rising and falling phases of solar activity. The findings reveal that the sunspot number is more suitable to depict the long‐term trend of foF2 in China, and the relationship between them is better described by nonlinear quasi‐polynomial. This result has important implications for improving foF2 forecasts and the prediction accuracy of some ionospheric models.
Ferrostatin-1 alleviates tissue and cell damage in diabetic retinopathy by improving the antioxidant capacity of the Xc--GPX4 system
Authors: Shao Jingzhi , Bai Zhouxian , Zhang Lirong , Zhang Fengyan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication leading to a high blindness rate among patients with diabetes. Ferroptosis is a type of cell death caused by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides. Studies have shown that ferroptosis plays an important role in DR. The rat model of DR was constructed and treated with Ferrostatin-1 (Ferr-1). Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) were used to detect the degree of retinopathy. Oxidative stress levels were detected by ELISA. Perl’s staining was used to detect iron deposition in retinal tissues. Ferritin levels were measured by ELISA. The expression of GPX4 was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). GSH/GSSG kit was used to detect the content and proportion of reduced/oxidized glutathione. Western blot was used to detect the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins. TUNEL assay was used to detect cell apoptosis. The expression of GSDMD was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptosis and pyroptosis-related proteins. Then, high glucose (HG)-induced retinal epithelial cell line ARPE-19 was treated by Erastin (ferroptosis activator) and Ferr-1. CCK-8, ELISA, western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining were used to detect oxidative stress levels, ferroptosis and cell damage. The mechanism was further explored by adding ferroptosis agonist Erastin. In vitro and in vivo results showed that oxidative stress was increased in DR model, resulting in ferroptosis and tissue or cell damage. After administration of Ferr-1, the antioxidant capacity was improved, ferroptosis levels were reduced and tissue or cell damage was alleviated. In vitro results showed that Ferr-1 reversed the impacts of Erastin on oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and cell damage in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells. Ferr-1 alleviated tissue and cell damage by improving the antioxidant capacity of the Xc--GPX4 system.