bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time and cost‐efficient identification of Trichophyton indotineae
Authors: Batvandi Abolfazl , Pchelin Ivan M. , Kiasat Neda , Kharazi Mahboobeh , Mohammadi Rasoul , Zomorodian Kamiar , Rezaei‐Matehkolaei Ali 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the past 5 years, an outbreak of recalcitrant dermatophytosis due to a novel Trichophyton species generally resistant to terbinafine, T. indotineae, has spread out from South Asia to many countries around the World. These isolates cannot be reliably differentiated from other Trichophyton spp. on the basis of morphological traits and the current laboratory diagnostics relies on sequencing of ribosomal DNA ITS region.ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to introduce two inexpensive and rapid PCR‐based assays for differentiation between T. indotineae and other dermatophytes.MethodsThe first introduced assay is based on PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis, involving the amplification of TOP2 sequences and the digestion of PCR products by Cfr13I restriction enzyme. The second assay is proposed as conventional endpoint species‐specific PCR amplification of the C120‐287 intergenic locus. To validate the assays, a total of 191 Trichophyton spp. and 2 Microsporum canis strains with known ITS region sequences were used. From the T. mentagrophytes / T. interdigitale species complex (TMTISC), strains with 18 different ITS genotypes were tested. The sample of TMTISC isolates included 41 T. indotineae strains.ResultsTOP2 PCR‐RFLP and T. indotineae‐specific PCR were positive with testing on DNA of all 41 T. indotineae isolates and two strains of T. mentagrophytes belonging to ITS Types XIII and XVI, but negative with other species and other TMTISC ITS genotypes (n = 152). Therefore, the specificity of both new assays was 99%.ConclusionThe two developed diagnostic assays provide accurate and cost‐effective means of identifying cultured T. indotineae isolates.
Thomas Aquinas's and Herbert McCabe's Relational/Friendship Understanding of Christ's Passion
Authors: Payne Taylor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this essay, I argue that Thomas Aquinas's and Herbert McCabe's soteriological paradigms are immensely compatible with one another. In contrast to the presuppositions held by certain interpreters of Thomas, I contend that Aquinas, like McCabe, rejects a primarily juridical/transactional understanding of Christ's Passion, and, in light of this fact, it is a mistake to assert that his soteriology is a precursor to later penal-substitutionary conceptions of the atonement. Once Aquinas's and McCabe's teachings are correctly situated within a relational/friendship rather than juridical context, their similarities and mutual aversion to penal-substitutionary atonement becomes explicit. Likewise, after appropriately identifying McCabe's indebtedness to Aquinas's thought, one can perceive his unique and substantial contribution to the Church's understanding of Christ's salvific work. The comparison between Aquinas and McCabe, in particular, provides clarity to a proper conception of the intrinsic disordering of sin and the essential character of Christ's meritorious love and obedience offered to God the Father.
Efficacy and Safety of Ponesimod in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Thapa Sangharsha , Shah Sangam , Subedi Aastha , Bagherieh Sara , Chand Swati , Mirmosayyeb Omid , Eckert Svetlana Primma 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOne the disease modifying therapies (DMTs) that has been reported to be beneficial in multiple sclerosis (MS) is ponesimod, and as it holds true for all other autoimmune diseases, attempts to design immunosuppressive agents to help control the progression of MS while causing minimal side effects play a pivotal role in helping individuals suffering from the disease. Consequently, we have designed this review to comprehensively look into the safety and efficacy of ponesimod in persons with MS. A systematic database search was performed in March 2021. Double‐blinded RCTs on patients with MS with Ponesimod as their experimental medication were included. Annualized relapse rate (ARR), disability accumulation rate (DAR), the score of Fatigue Symptom and Impact Questionnaire–Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (FSIQ–RMS), and adverse reactions were interpreted as efficacy and safety measurements, respectively. Ninety‐Five papers were retrieved in the literature search. After duplicate elimination, 92 studies remained. Finally, the review included two studies that met the criteria and used varied study designs. Ponesimod reduced ARR by 30.5% (p value = 0.001), DRA by 58% (p value = 0.29), and FSIQ‐RMS mean score by 3.57 (p value = 0.002). Meanwhile, the drugs have few side effects which were mild or moderate in intensity but has less cardiovascular side effects comparing to other S1P drugs like fingolimod. The advantageous properties of ponesimod in terms of its favorable risk: benefit and convenience profile, ponesimod has been regarded recently as a potential SIP‐1 drug for treating MS.
New medicine for neuromuscular diseases: An evolving paradox for patient and family hopes and expectations
Authors: Mahoney Annette F. , Handberg Charlotte 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent developments in novel therapies for neuromuscular diseases offer parents new perspectives on their affected children's future. This article examines how the emergence of new therapies impacts the lives of parents of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy or spinal muscular atrophy type 2, two genetic neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive muscle degeneration. Aiming for a first‐person perspective, fieldwork was conducted utilizing participant observation, semistructured interviews, and several internet sources. Six families with a total of 12 persons, all living in Denmark, were included in the interviews. Two types of parents were identified who were at opposite ends in dealing with the new therapies—the cure optimists and the cure pragmatists. Different hopes resulted in different narratives for their children's futures. The article raises questions about how and when children with chronic diseases should be involved in their parent's hopes for a cure and highlights the dilemmas facing health professionals working in the field of children with chronic diseases for which the prospects of a cure are improving. We conclude that health professionals must find a way to carefully balance guidance and information about experimental medicines, including the fact that experimental medicine sometimes fails, does not work as well as hoped for, or does not become available, with sustaining parental hopes for their children's future.
Consciousness and welfare subjectivity
Authors: Bradford Gwen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany philosophers tacitly accept the View: consciousness is necessary for being a welfare subject. That is, in order to be an eligible bearer of welfare goods and bads, an entity must be capable of phenomenal consciousness. However, this paper argues that, in the absence of a compelling rationale, we are not licensed to accept the View, because doing so amounts to fallacious reasoning in theorizing about welfare: insisting on the View when consciousness is not in fact important for welfare value in a systematic and significant way is objectionably “consciousist.” As a result, the View does not advance our understanding of the value of consciousness. The paper further diagnoses why we may be attracted to the View, and what we should accept instead.
Short‐term plasticity of neuro‐auditory processing induced by musical active listening training
Authors: Schneider Peter , Groß Christine , Bernhofs Valdis , Christiner Markus , Benner Jan , Turker Sabrina , Zeidler Bettina M. , Seither‐Preisler Annemarie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough there is strong evidence for the positive effects of musical training on auditory perception, processing, and training‐induced neuroplasticity, there is still little knowledge on the auditory and neurophysiological short‐term plasticity through listening training. In a sample of 37 adolescents (20 musicians and 17 nonmusicians) that was compared to a control group matched for age, gender, and musical experience, we conducted a 2‐week active listening training (AULOS: Active IndividUalized Listening OptimizationS). Using magnetoencephalography and psychoacoustic tests, the short‐term plasticity of auditory evoked fields and auditory skills were examined in a pre‐post design, adapted to the individual neuro‐auditory profiles. We found bilateral, but more pronounced plastic changes in the right auditory cortex. Moreover, we observed synchronization of the auditory evoked P1, N1, and P2 responses and threefold larger amplitudes of the late P2 response, similar to the reported effects of musical long‐term training. Auditory skills and thresholds benefited largely from the AULOS training. Remarkably, after training, the mean thresholds improved by 12 dB for bone conduction and by 3–4 dB for air conduction. Thus, our findings indicate a strong positive influence of active listening training on neural auditory processing and perception in adolescence, when the auditory system is still developing.
Experimental tooth loss affects spatial learning function and blood–brain barrier of mice
Authors: Oue Hiroshi , Hatakeyama Rie , Ishida Eri , Yokoi Miyuki , Tsuga Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to investigate how experimental tooth loss affected learning, memory function, and brain pathophysiology in mice.Materials and MethodsThe mice (C57BL/6 J, 2‐month‐old, male) were divided into tooth loss and control groups. The behavioral test battery was performed at 6 and 12 months after tooth extraction. The protein levels of the tight junctions in the brains of the mice were analyzed. Hippocampal astrocyte was measured using immunohistochemical staining.ResultsThe results of behavioral tests and biochemical analysis performed during the 6 months observation period did not show significant differences between the groups. However, the escape latency in the tooth loss group was significantly longer than that in the control group at the 12 months after tooth extraction. The level of claudin‐5 decreased in the tooth loss group. Additionally, hippocampal astrogliosis was found in the tooth loss group.ConclusionsExperimental tooth loss reduced the level of claudin‐5 and caused astrogliosis in the brains of mice, which was accompanied by deterioration of learning functions. This study may provide a new insight about the association between tooth loss and cognitive dysfunction.
A teosinte‐derived allele of an HKT1 family sodium transporter improves salt tolerance in maize
Authors: Zhang Ming , Li Yidan , Liang Xiaoyan , Lu Minhui , Lai Jinsheng , Song Weibin , Jiang Caifu 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe sodium cation (Na+) is the predominant cation with deleterious effects on crops in salt‐affected agricultural areas. Salt tolerance of crop can be improved by increasing shoot Na+ exclusion. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and use genetic variants of various crops that promote shoot Na+ exclusion. Here, we show that a HKT1 family gene ZmNC3 (Zea mays L. Na+ Content 3; designated ZmHKT1;2) confers natural variability in shoot‐Na+ accumulation and salt tolerance in maize. ZmHKT1;2 encodes a Na+‐preferential transporter localized in the plasma membrane, which mediates shoot Na+ exclusion, likely by withdrawing Na+ from the root xylem flow. A naturally occurring nonsynonymous SNP (SNP947‐G) increases the Na+ transport activity of ZmHKT1;2, promoting shoot Na+ exclusion and salt tolerance in maize. SNP947‐G first occurred in the wild grass teosinte (at a allele frequency of 43%) and has become a minor allele in the maize population (allele frequency 6.1%), suggesting that SNP947‐G is derived from teosinte and that the genomic region flanking SNP947 likely has undergone selection during domestication or post‐domestication dispersal of maize. Moreover, we demonstrate that introgression of the SNP947‐G ZmHKT1;2 allele into elite maize germplasms reduces shoot Na+ content by up to 80% and promotes salt tolerance. Taken together, ZmNC3/ZmHKT1;2 was identified as an important QTL promoting shoot Na+ exclusion, and its favourable allele provides an effective tool for developing salt‐tolerant maize varieties.
The impact of friendship structures on marital quality of heterosexual couples
Authors: Sauter Julia , Ganjour Olga , Gouveia Rita , Widmer Eric D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this research, we considered how various structural aspects of friendship networks relate to marital quality according to gender. To investigate this issue, we drew on data from a large longitudinal survey on marital functioning based on 903 heterosexual couples living in Switzerland. Using reports from male and female partners, we explored the extent to which joint contacts, transitivity, and overlap in friendship structures affect various indicators of marital quality for husbands and wives in the long run. Our results indicate that separate, low transitive friendship networks affect marital quality negatively for women, but not for men. We also discuss the importance of the results for understanding the dynamics of heterosexual couples within larger relational contexts beyond dyadic interactions, as well as the relevance of separately analyzing husbands' and wives' marital dynamics.
Photoswitchable Phosphonate–Fullerene Hybrids with Cholinesterase Activity
Authors: Kolesnikov Ilya , Mamonova Daria , Pankin Dmitrii , Bikbaeva Gulia , Khokhlova Anastasia , Pilip Anna , Egorova Anastasia , Zigel Vladislav , Manshina Alina 
Published: September 2022

AbstractModern progress in photopharmocology calls for new generation of compounds joining bioactivity, photoswitchable properties and high selectivity of response to light wavelength. Introduced here, phosphonate–fullerene hybrids are the first representatives of such compounds. Phosphonate–fullerene hybrids were synthesized on a base of fullerene C60 and organophosphates with the function of photoswitchable cholinesterase activity—phosphorylated thiazolotriazole and aminomalonate compounds and studied with FTIR, UV–VIS spectroscopy and IPC‐micro neurotoxin amperometric analysis. As a result of spectroscopic and bioactivity characterization, it was not only demonstrated butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibition increase in phosphonate–fullerene hybrids compared with pure phosphonates but also pronounced response of inhibition degree to laser irradiation of hybrids. It was found opposite behavior of hybrids as a result of laser irradiation—BuChE inhibition drop‐off for thiazolotriazole–fullerene and pronounced growth for aminomalonate–fullerene. The other remarkable peculiarity of presented phosphonate–fullerene hybrids is high selectivity of inhibition change degree to laser wavelength (266 or 325 nm).
Squaraine Dyes as Fluorescent Turn‐on Probes for Mucins: A Step Toward Selectivity†
Authors: Butnarasu Cosmin , Pontremoli Carlotta , Moran Plata Maria Jesus , Barbero Nadia , Visentin Sonja 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMucins are a family of long polymeric glycoproteins which can be overexpressed in several types of cancers, and over recent years, great attention was addressed to identify mucins as an important biomarker of adverse prognosis. Fluorometric detection mediated by fluorescent probes could represent a winning strategy in the early diagnosis of different pathologies. Among promising biological fluorescent probes, squaraines are gaining particular attention, thanks to their sharp and intense absorption and emission in the NIR region. In this contribution, three squaraine dyes bearing different substituents and with different lipophilicity have been investigated for their ability to detect mucin. The turn‐on response upon the addition of mucin has been investigated by means of absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy. After a preliminary screening, the squaraine (S6) bearing bromine as a substituent and C4 aliphatic chains showed the highest fluorescence turn‐on and highest affinity for mucin than albumin. To further highlight the selectivity of S6 for mucin, the fluorescence response has been evaluated in the presence of serum and site‐specific proteins different than albumin. Absorption spectroscopy was used to characterize the binding mechanism of squaraine to mucin.
A correlational study on pain and depression in geriatric patients scheduled for orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Yaman Aktaş Yeşim , Hendekci Ayla 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimPain is prevalent in geriatric patients and is not only a signal of physical diseases but also a symptom of mental health problems. This study aimed to explore the relationship between pain and depression in geriatric patients scheduled for orthopaedic surgery.MethodsThe study used a correlational and cross‐sectional design. The study sample consisted of geriatric patients (n = 200) scheduled for orthopaedic surgery in a research and training hospital in northern Turkey. Data were collected by the researchers using the Geriatric Pain Measure and Geriatric Depression Scale. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical regression analysis were used.ResultsThe patients' mean age was 73.16 ± 8.27 years. It was found that 5.5% (n = 11) of the participants had mild pain, 45.5% (n = 91) had moderate pain, and 49% (n = 98) had severe pain. There was a positive and moderate significant relationship between the mean Geriatric Pain Measure and Geriatric Depression Scale scores (r = 0.479, P < 0.01). Age (β = 0.133; P < 0.05) and education (β = 2.484; P < 0.05) were statistically significantly associated with depression. There was a significant and positive relationship between depression and being dependent in activities of daily living (β = 5.098; P < 0.05).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that geriatric patients who were older, illiterate, dependent in activities of daily living, and with higher levels of pain had higher depression. A multidisciplinary team approach including nurses should be utilised in pain management and it should not be ignored that severe pain may be associated with depression in geriatric patients.
Irrelevant sights and sounds require spatial suppression: ERP evidence
Authors: Lunn Jessica , Berggren Nick , Ward Jamie , Forster Sophie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBoth real‐world experience and behavioral laboratory research suggest that entirely irrelevant stimuli (distractors) can interfere with a primary task. However, it is as yet unknown whether such interference reflects competition for spatial attention – indeed, prominent theories of attention predict that this should not be the case. Whilst electrophysiological indices of spatial capture and spatial suppression have been well‐investigated, experiments have primarily utilized distractors which share a degree of task‐relevance with targets, and are limited to the visual domain. The present research measured behavioral and ERP responses to test the ability of salient yet entirely task‐irrelevant visual and auditory distractors to compete for spatial attention during a visual task, while also testing for potentially enhanced competition from multisensory distractors. Participants completed a central letter search task, while ignoring lateralized visual (e.g., image of a dog), auditory (e.g., barking), or multisensory (e.g., image + barking) distractors. Results showed that visual and multisensory distractors elicited a PD component indicative of active lateralized suppression. We also establish for the first time an auditory analog of the PD component, the PAD, elicited by auditory and multisensory distractors. Interestingly, there was no evidence to suggest enhanced ability of multisensory distractors to compete for attentional selection, despite previous proposals of a “special” saliency status for such items. Our findings hence suggest that irrelevant multisensory and unisensory distractors are similarly capable of eliciting a spatial “attend‐to‐me” signal – a precursor of spatial attentional capture – but at least in the present data set did not elicit full spatial attentional capture.
Neural response and representation: Facial expressions in scenes
Authors: Cao Feizhen , Zeng Ke , Zheng Junmeng , Yu Linwei , Liu Shen , Zhang Lin , Xu Qiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the brain generates expectations based on scenes, which affects facial expression recognition. However, although facial expressions are known to interact with perception, the mechanism underlying this interaction remains poorly understood. Here, we used frequency labeling and decoding techniques to reveal the effects of scene‐based expectation on the amplitude and representational strength of neural activity. We also reduced the relative reliability between expectation and sensory input by blurring facial expressions to further investigate the effects of this relative reliability on the pattern of neural activation and representation. Participants viewed emotional changes in unblurred or blurred facial expressions, which flickered at a rate of 6 Hz within a scene. We found that facial expressions that were congruent with the emotional significance of the scene elicited a larger steady‐state visual evoked potential amplitude than did facial expressions that were incongruent with the emotional significance of a scene, in both unblurred and blurred conditions. We also found that expected facial expression representations were stronger than unexpected representations during the unblurred condition. In the blurred condition, unexpected representations were stronger than expected representations. Taken together, these results suggested that facial expression processing in the visual cortex is modulated by top‐down signals. The relative reliability of expectation and sensory input moderated the influence of a scene on facial expression representation. Furthermore, our study showed that neural activation amplitudes did not correspond to representational strength.
Early responses of regeneration to weeding and herbicide application to control Guinea‐grass in a 20‐year‐old Atlantic Forest undergoing restoration
Authors: Mantoani Maurício Cruz , Torezan José Marcelo Domingues 
Published: September 2022

Among the invasive grasses harming natural ecosystems in Brazil, Guinea‐grass (Megathyrsus maximus) has received significant attention due to its high invasive potential and damage it causes to restoration sites. Here, we show the response of seedlings (10 cm to 1 m) and saplings (>1 m) one year after Guinea‐grass removal in a 20‐year‐old restoration site in the Atlantic Forest. Thirty 10 × 20 m plots were installed and assigned into three treatments: control, mechanical removal using gas‐trimmers, and mechanical removal followed by the application of Roundup Transorb R (glyphosate). Forest canopy and grass cover were also assessed. Guinea‐grass was negatively correlated with woody species richness and abundance. Forest canopy cover was positively related to species richness and abundance, and negatively related to Guinea‐grass. Treatments applied were successful in controlling the plant invader and did not cause any significant reduction in the total abundance or richness of saplings after one year. For seedlings, however, the abundance and richness of pioneer woody species increased over time with mechanical removal, while the abundance and richness of non‐pioneer woody species decreased in plots treated with herbicide. We expect regeneration responses to continue to improve with time. Our results support the use of both herbicide and mechanical removal to reduce Guinea‐grass in Atlantic Forest sites undergoing restoration, although the use of herbicide lowers native seedling richness in the short‐term, while mechanical removal may be better for small sites, where it is more feasible and less demanding.