bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
University students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a consensus statement from the UK Adult ADHD Network (UKAAN)
Authors: Sedgwick-Müller Jane A. , Müller-Sedgwick Ulrich , Adamou Marios , Catani Marco , Champ Rebecca , Gudjónsson Gísli , Hank Dietmar , Pitts Mark , Young Susan , Asherson Philip 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with poor educational outcomes that can have long-term negative effects on the mental health, wellbeing, and socio-economic outcomes of university students. Mental health provision for university students with ADHD is often inadequate due to long waiting times for access to diagnosis and treatment in specialist National Health Service (NHS) clinics. ADHD is a hidden and marginalised disability, and within higher education in the UK, the categorisation of ADHD as a specific learning difference (or difficulty) may be contributing to this.

Aims
This consensus aims to provide an informed understanding of the impact of ADHD on the educational (or academic) outcomes of university students and highlight an urgent need for timely access to treatment and management.

Methods
The UK Adult ADHD Network (UKAAN) convened a meeting of practitioners and experts from England, Wales, and Scotland, to discuss issues that university students with ADHD can experience or present with during their programme of studies and how best to address them. A report on the collective analysis, evaluation, and opinions of the expert panel and published literature about the impact of ADHD on the educational outcomes of university students is presented.

Results
A consensus was reached that offers expert advice, practical guidance, and recommendations to support the medical, education, and disability practitioners working with university students with ADHD.

Conclusions
Practical advice, guidance, and recommendations based on expert consensus can inform the identification of ADHD in university students, personalised interventions, and educational support, as well as contribute to existing research in this topic area. There is a need to move away from prevailing notions within higher education about ADHD being a specific learning difference (or difficulty) and attend to the urgent need for university students with ADHD to have timely access to treatment and support. A multimodal approach can be adapted to support university students with ADHD. This approach would view timely access to treatment, including reasonable adjustments and educational support, as having a positive impact on the academic performance and achievement of university students with ADHD.
Experiences of and attitudes towards HIV testing for Asian, Black and Latin American men who have sex with men (MSM) in the SELPHI (HIV Self‐Testing Public Health Intervention) randomized controlled trial in England and Wales: implications for HIV self-testing
Authors: Nicholls Emily Jay , Samba Phil , McCabe Leanne , Gafos Mitzy , Philips Andrew N. , Trevelion Roy , Rodger Alison J. , Burns Fiona M. , Weatherburn Peter , Witzel T. Charles 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
HIV self-testing (HIVST) could play an important role in improving access to testing and therefore reducing inequalities related to late diagnosis of HIV, while also improving access to HIV prevention interventions such as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. This study sought to understand the potential role of HIVST by exploring the experiences of Asian, Black and Latin American men who have sex with men (MSM) accessing the gay scene and the circulation of HIV testing norms; experiences of accessing HIV testing services; HIVST acceptability and preferences for intervention adaptations.

Methods
Twenty-nine qualitative interviews were conducted with Asian, Black and Latin American MSM who had participated in SELPHI, an HIVST randomised controlled trial. Topics included HIV testing history, HIV testing patterns, experiences of accessing sexual health services, mental health, engagement with HIVST and SELPHI, and experiences of the gay scene. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and then analysed using a thematic framework.

Results
The gay scene was identified as an important site for learning about HIV and being exposed to norms reinforcing the importance of protective behaviours. However, experiences of discomfort due to perceptions of ‘whiteness’ on the scene or experiences of racism may hinder the protective function the scene could play in developing norms influencing HIV testing behaviour. Discomfort in clinic waiting rooms was identified as a substantial barrier to accessing clinical services and many interviewees expressed preferences regarding the personal characteristics of healthcare providers. HIVST was found to be acceptable and some interviewees suggested potential adaptations of the HIVST offer, such as packaging HIVST with at home sexually transmitted infections testing options.

Conclusions
HIVST responds to some service access barriers experienced by Asian, Black and Latin American MSM. The decoupling of HIV testing and clinic attendance may be particularly valuable for MSM of minority ethnic backgrounds who are likely to experience anxiety and discomfort in clinic waiting rooms more acutely than White MSM due to concerns around implied disclosure. This suggests that HIVST may have the potential to increase testing uptake and frequency, particularly for those with complex relationships with clinical services.

Trial Registration
SELPHI was prospectively registered with the ISRCTN (ref: ISRCTN 20312003).
Evaluating the effectiveness of Hong Kong’s border restriction policy in reducing COVID-19 infections
Authors: ZHU Pengyu , TAN Xinying 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates the effectiveness of Hong Kong’s strict border restrictions with mainland China in curbing the transmission of COVID-19. Combining big data from Baidu Population Migration with traditional meteorological data and census data for over 200 Chinese cities, we utilize an advanced quantitative approach, namely synthetic control modeling, to produce a counterfactual “synthetic Hong Kong” without a strict border restriction policy. We then simulate infection trends under the hypothetical scenarios and compare them to actual infection numbers. Our counterfactual synthetic control model demonstrates a lower number of COVID-19 infections than the actual scenario, where strict border restrictions with mainland China were implemented from February 8 to March 6, 2020. Moreover, the second synthetic control model, which assumes a border reopen on 7 May 2020 demonstrates nonpositive effects of extending the border restriction policy on preventing and controlling infections. We conclude that the border restriction policy and its further extension may not be useful in containing the spread of COVID-19 when the virus is already circulating in the local community. Given the substantial economic and social costs, and as precautionary measures against COVID-19 becomes the new normal, countries can consider reopening borders with neighbors who have COVID-19 under control. Governments also need to closely monitor the changing epidemic situations in other countries in order to make prompt and sensible amendments to their border restriction policies.
Prescreening for osteoporosis with forearm bone densitometry in health examination population
Authors: Yue Chun , Ding Na , Xu Lu-Lu , Fu Ya-Qian , Guo Yuan-Wei , Yang Yan-Yi , Zhao Xian-Mei , Sheng Zhi-Feng 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Early detection and timely prophylaxis can retard the progression of osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of peripheral Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) test for osteoporosis screening. We examined peripheral bone mineral density (BMD) using AKDX-09 W-I DXA densitometer. Firstly, we acquired BMD data from manufacturer-supplied density-gradient phantoms and 30 volunteers to investigate its accuracy and precision, then we measured BMD for 150 volunteers using both AKDX (left forearm) and Hologic Discovery Wi (left forearm, left hip and L1 - L4 vertebrae) simultaneously. Correlation relationship of BMD results acquired from two instruments was assessed by simple linear regression analysis, the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Areas Under the Curves (AUCs) were evaluated for the diagnostic value of left forearm BMD measured by AKDX in detecting osteoporosis.

Results
In vitro precision errors of AKDX BMD were 0.40, 0.20, 0.19%, respectively, on low-, medium-, and high-density phantom; in vivo precision was 1.65%. Positive correlation was observed between BMD measured by AKDX and Hologic at the forearm (r = 0.670), L1–L4 (r = 0.430, femoral neck (r = 0.449), and total hip (r = 0.559). With Hologic measured T-score as the gold standard, the sensitivity of AKDX T-score < − 1 for identifying suboptimal bone health was 63.0 and 76.1%, respectively, at the distal one-third radius and at any site, and the specificity was 73.9 and 90.0%, respectively; the AUCs were 0.708 and 0.879. The sensitivity of AKDX T-score ≤ − 2.5 for identifying osteoporosis at the distal one-third radius and at any site was 76.9 and70.4%, respectively, and the specificity was 80.4 and 78.0%, respectively; the AUCs were 0.823 and 0.778.

Conclusions
Peripheral DXA appears to be a reliable tool for prescreening for osteoporosis.
Postoperative outcomes after degenerative lumbar spine surgery in rheumatoid arthritis patients -a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Kato So , Nakamoto Hideki , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Taniguchi Yuki , Doi Toru , Yoshida Yuichi , Higashikawa Akiro , Takeshita Yujiro , Fukushima Masayoshi , Ono Takashi , Hara Nobuhiro , Okazaki Rentaro , Iwai Hiroki , Oshina Masahito , Sugita Shurei , Hirai Shima , Masuda Kazuhiro , Tanaka Sakae , Oshima Yasushi ,   University of Tokyo Spine Group, Oshima Yasushi , Kawamura Naohiro , Higashikawa Akiro , Hara Nobuhiro , Ono Takashi , Takeshita Yujiro , Taniguchi Yuki , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Kato So 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Although treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have evolved significantly since the introduction of biologic agents, degenerative lumbar disease in RA patients remains a major challenge. Well-controlled comparisons between RA patients and their non-RA counterparts have not yet been reported. The objective of the present study was to compare postoperative outcomes of lumbar spine surgery between RA and non-RA patients by a retrospective propensity score-matched analysis.

Methods
Patients who underwent primary posterior spine surgery for degenerative lumbar disease in our prospective multicenter study group between 2017 and 2020 were enrolled. Demographic data including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, diabetes mellitus, smoking, steroid usage, number of spinal levels involved, and preoperative patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores (numerical rating scale [NRS] for back pain and leg pain, Short Form-12 physical component summary [PCS], EuroQOL 5-dimension [EQ-5D], and Oswestry Disability Index [ODI]) were used to calculate a propensity score for RA diagnosis. One-to-one matching was performed and 1-year postoperative outcomes were compared between groups.

Results
Among the 4567 patients included, 90 had RA (2.0%). RA patients in our cohort were more likely to be female, with lower BMI, higher ASA grade and lower current smoking rate than non-RA patients. Preoperative NRS scores for leg pain, PCS, EQ-5D, and ODI were worse in RA patients. Propensity score matching generated 61 pairs of RA and non-RA patients who underwent posterior lumbar surgery. After background adjustment, RA patients reported worse postoperative PCS (28.4 vs. 37.2, p = 0.008) and EQ-5D (0.640 vs. 0.738, p = 0.03), although these differences were not significant between RA and non-RA patients not on steroids.

Conclusions
RA patients showed worse postoperative quality of life outcomes after posterior surgery for degenerative lumbar disease, while steroid-independent RA cases showed equivalent outcomes to non-RA patients.
Non-ossifying fibromas and fibrous cortical defects around the knee - an epidemiologic survey in a Japanese pediatric population
Authors: Emori Makoto , Tsuchie Hiroyuki , Teramoto Atsushi , Shimizu Junya , Mizushima Emi , Murahashi Yasutaka , Nagasawa Hiroyuki , Miyakoshi Naohisa , Yamashita Toshihiko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) and fibrous cortical defect (FCD) in a Japanese pediatric population and the association between the lesion size and pain.MethodsThis retrospective study, conducted across 10 Japanese institutions, included patients aged 5–15 years who had undergone standard antero-posterior and lateral view radiography of the knee. Using these radiographs, we diagnosed the lesion as a NOF or FCD. Patient demographics, including age, sex, the size and location of the NOF, and chief complaint were recorded. The lesion size was determined using radiographs. Student’s t-test was used to compare the associations between the lesion size and spontaneous pain.ResultsA total of 6222 subjects (3567 boys and 2455 girls) were included in this study. The number of NOF and FCD cases was 143 and 437, respectively, and the prevalence of NOF and FCD was 2.3% and 7.0%, respectively. The average size of NOF and FCD was 22.1 mm (range: 4–102 mm) and 13.2 mm (range: 5–21 mm), respectively. Three patients (2.1%) had pathological fractures due to NOF. Of the 140 NOFs and 437 FCDs, we obtained complaints from the medical records of 126 and 393 patients, respectively. The number of patients with spontaneous pain or other problems with NOF was 68 (54%) and 58 (46%), respectively, that of patients with FCD was 195 (50%) and 198 (50%) patients, respectively. The lesion size was not associated with spontaneous pain in either lesion (p = 0.67 andp = 0.27, respectively).ConclusionThe prevalence of NOF and FCD around the knee was lower than that reported in previous studies. The prevalence of NOF increased and that of FCD decreased with advancing age. In both lesions, the lesion size may not be associated with pain.
Chief complaints of patients with cancer who visit the emergency department over their oncologist’s outpatient clinic in South Korea
Authors: Son Min Hyun , Chung Han Sol 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
There have been several reports of patients with cancer visiting the Emergency Department (ED) rather than the outpatient department of their oncologist. In this study, we aimed to analyze the chief complaints, visit time, and time spent in the ED between study groups of patients with cancer visiting the ED. This finding will help medical staff provide better care for patients with cancer and reduce time spent in the ED.

Methods
A total of 787 patients with cancer visited the Regional Emergency Medical Center between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020. After the exclusion criterion such as patients who were transferred to the ED with a referral issued slip, patients who were pregnant women or minors under the age of 18 were applied, data from 607 patients with cancer were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records at the hospital. The participating patients with cancer were divided into two groups: 1) ED group—those who were cared for by the ED physician and 2) Referral group—those who were referred to their oncologist for hospitalization.

Results
We found that 40% of the total patients with cancer included in the study visited the ED with a chief complaint of pain. It was observed that the highest frequency of visits to the ED was around noon during clinic hours. The length of ED stay was 169 and 566 min for the ED and referral groups, respectively.

Conclusion
It would be more beneficial for patients with cancer visiting the ED to be quickly discharged from the ED physician’s active care for their symptoms. This usage of ED services will reduce unnecessary waiting time.
Proangiogenesis effects of compound danshen dripping pills in zebrafish
Authors: Hu Yang-Xi , You Hong-Min , Ren Chang-Zhen , Hu Bo-Wen , Zhang Lu-Jun , Zhang Yan-Da , He Zhi-Qing , Ding Ru , Guo Zhi-Fu , Liang Chun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The compound Danshen Dripping Pill (CDDP), which is a mixture of extracts from Radix Salviae and Panax notoginseng, is a patented traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used in multiple countries for relieving coronary heart disease (CHD), but its pharmacological mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we screened the key pharmacological pathways and targets of CDDP that act on CHD using a network pharmacology-based strategy, and the angiogenic activity of CDDP was directly visually investigated in zebrafish embryos in vivo.

Methods
The potential therapeutic targets and pathways were predicted through a bioinformatics analysis. The proangiogenic effects of CDDP were examined using vascular sprouting assays on subintestinal vessels (SIVs) and optic arteries (OAs) as well as injury assays on intersegmental vessels (ISVs). Pharmacological experiments were applied to confirm the pathway involved.

Results
Sixty-five potential therapeutic targets of CDDP on CHD were identified and enriched in the PI3K/AKT and VEGF/VEGFR pathways. An in vivo study revealed that CDDP promoted angiogenesis in SIVs and OAs in a dose-dependent manner and relieved the impairments in ISVs induced by lenvatinib, a VEGF receptor kinase inhibitor (VRI). In addition, Vegfaa and Kdrl expression were significantly upregulated after CDDP treatment. Furthermore, the proangiogenic effect of CDDP could be abolished by PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors.

Conclusions
CDDP has a proangiogenic effect, the mechanism of which involves the VEGF/VEGFR and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. These results suggest a new insight into the cardiovascular protective effect of CDDP.
PEDF is an antifibrosis factor that inhibits the activation of fibroblasts in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis rat model
Authors: Qin Xichun , Jia Caili , Liang Jingtian , Chen Jiali , Liu Xiucheng , Chao Zhixiang , Qin Hao , Yuan Yanliang , Liu Zhiwei , Zhang Zhongming , Dong Hongyan , Zhang Hao 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a highly heterogeneous and fatal lung disease. In addition to dense fibrous tissue, abnormal angiogenesis is also an important feature of IPF. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an angiogenesis inhibitor and a potential anti-fibrous factor. The purpose of this experiment is to observe the effect of PEDF on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.

Methods
In vivo, pathological examination and detection of related factors were performed on pulmonary fibrosis induced by BLM in rats, and the temporal and spatial distribution of PEDF was investigated. Furthermore, lung gene delivery (PEDF-adeno-associated virus) was performed to investigate the effect of PEDF on pulmonary fibrosis. In vitro, lentiviral vectors were used to construct PEDF over-expression or knock out primary rat lung (PRL) fibroblasts. The effect of PEDF on fibroblast activation under TGF-β1 stimulation was evaluated, and the activation of TGF-β1/smad pathway and PPAR-γ expression (in the presence or absence of PPAR-γ inhibitors) were analyzed.

Results
In vivo results showed that PEDF expression decreased during the inflammatory phase and increased during the fibrotic phase. PEDF could inhibit the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in rats. In vitro results showed that PEDF could effectively inhibit TGF-β1-stimulated fibroblast activation and reduce the production of α-SMA and collagen-I. PEDF could inhibit the TGF-β1/smad pathway by up-regulating the activity of PPAR-γ.

Conclusions
PEDF can act as an anti-fibrotic factor, inhibit fibroblast activation by upregulating PPAR-γ activity and reduce BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.
Is energy excess the initial trigger of carbon overflow metabolism? Transcriptional network response of carbon-limited Escherichia coli to transient carbon excess
Authors: Li Zhaopeng , Nees Markus , Bettenbrock Katja , Rinas Ursula 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Escherichia coli adapted to carbon-limiting conditions is generally geared for energy-efficient carbon utilization. This includes also the efficient utilization of glucose, which serves as a source for cellular building blocks as well as energy. Thus, catabolic and anabolic functions are balanced under these conditions to minimize wasteful carbon utilization. Exposure to glucose excess interferes with the fine-tuned coupling of anabolism and catabolism leading to the so-called carbon overflow metabolism noticeable through acetate formation and eventually growth inhibition.

Results
Cellular adaptations towards sudden but timely limited carbon excess conditions were analyzed by exposing slow-growing cells in steady state glucose-limited continuous culture to a single glucose pulse. Concentrations of metabolites as well as time-dependent transcriptome alterations were analyzed and a transcriptional network analysis performed to determine the most relevant transcription and sigma factor combinations which govern these adaptations. Down-regulation of genes related to carbon catabolism is observed mainly at the level of substrate uptake and downstream of pyruvate and not in between in the glycolytic pathway. It is mainly accomplished through the reduced activity of CRP-cAMP and through an increased influence of phosphorylated ArcA. The initiated transcriptomic change is directed towards down-regulation of genes, which contribute to active movement, carbon uptake and catabolic carbon processing, in particular to down-regulation of genes which contribute to efficient energy generation. Long-term changes persisting after glucose depletion and consumption of acetete encompassed reduced expression of genes related to active cell movement and enhanced expression of genes related to acid resistance, in particular acid resistance system 2 (GABA shunt) which can be also considered as an inefficient bypass of the TCA cycle.

Conclusions
Our analysis revealed that the major part of the trancriptomic response towards the glucose pulse is not directed towards enhanced cell proliferation but towards protection against excessive intracellular accumulation of potentially harmful concentration of metabolites including among others energy rich compounds such as ATP. Thus, resources are mainly utilized to cope with “overfeeding” and not for growth including long-lasting changes which may compromise the cells future ability to perform optimally under carbon-limiting conditions (reduced motility and ineffective substrate utilization).