bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of nutritional calcium and phosphate loading on calciprotein particle kinetics in adults with normal and impaired kidney function
Authors: Tiong Mark K. , Cai Michael M. X. , Toussaint Nigel D. , Tan Sven-Jean , Pasch Andreas , Smith Edward R. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlasma approaches metastability with respect to its calcium and phosphate content, with only minor perturbations in ionic activity needed to sustain crystal growth once nucleated. Physiologically, calcium and phosphate are intermittently absorbed from the diet each day, yet plasma concentrations of these ions deviate minimally post-prandially. This implies the existence of a blood-borne mineral buffer system to sequester calcium phosphates and minimise the risk of deposition in the soft tissues. Calciprotein particles (CPP), endogenous mineral-protein colloids containing the plasma protein fetuin-A, may fulfill this function but definitive evidence linking dietary mineral loading with their formation is lacking. Here we demonstrate that CPP are formed as a normal physiological response to feeding in healthy adults and that this occurs despite minimal change in conventional serum mineral markers. Further, in individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), in whom mineral handling is impaired, we show that both fasting and post-prandial levels of CPP precursors are markedly augmented and strongly inversely correlated with kidney function. This study highlights the important, but often neglected, contribution of colloidal biochemistry to mineral homeostasis and provides novel insight into the dysregulation of mineral metabolism in CKD.
Non‐fermented tea consumption protects against osteoporosis among Chinese male elders using the Taiwan biobank database
Authors: Hsu Chiao-Lin , Huang Wei-Lun , Chen Hung-Hui , Cheng-Yen Lai Jerry 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFew studies compared the effects of non-fermented and fermented tea among the general population. We aimed to compare the risk of incident osteoporosis (OP) between non-fermented tea and fermented tea drinkers by this retrospective nationwide population-based analysis from the Taiwan Biobank. Participants ≥ 40 years who drink fermented tea (n = 2205) were compared with those who drink non-fermented tea (n = 1034) from 2008 to 2015 with a mean follow-up period of 3.64 years. OP was defined by T-score ≤ − 2.5. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to estimate the risk of developing OP between the two groups. Separate models were used to determine the relationship between tea consumption and OP stratified by sex and age. There was a significant interaction between sex, age, and type of tea consumed. In men aged ≥ 60 years, the risk of developing OP decreased by 79% for those who drank non-fermented tea (hazard ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence level, 0.05–0.94) than those who drank fermented tea. Additionally, those with a family history of OP had a higher risk of developing osteoporosis. This study suggests that male elderly who consume non-fermented tea have a lower risk of OP. Drinking non-fermented tea, such as green tea, could be suggested, especially for those with a family history of osteoporosis.
Multisensory GPS impact on spatial representation in an immersive virtual reality driving game
Authors: Seminati Laura , Hadnett-Hunter Jacob , Joiner Richard , Petrini Karin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIndividuals are increasingly relying on GPS devices to orient and find their way in their environment and research has pointed to a negative impact of navigational systems on spatial memory. We used immersive virtual reality to examine whether an audio–visual navigational aid can counteract the negative impact of visual only or auditory only GPS systems. We also examined the effect of spatial representation preferences and abilities when using different GPS systems. Thirty-four participants completed an IVR driving game including 4 GPS conditions (No GPS; audio GPS; visual GPS; audio–visual GPS). After driving one of the routes in one of the 4 GPS conditions, participants were asked to drive to a target landmark they had previously encountered. The audio–visual GPS condition returned more accurate performance than the visual and no GPS condition. General orientation ability predicted the distance to the target landmark for the visual and the audio–visual GPS conditions, while landmark preference predicted performance in the audio GPS condition. Finally, the variability in end distance to the target landmark was significantly reduced in the audio–visual GPS condition when compared to the visual and audio GPS conditions. These findings support theories of spatial cognition and inform the optimisation of GPS designs.
Detection of candidate gene LsACOS5 and development of InDel marker for male sterility by ddRAD-seq and resequencing analysis in lettuce
Authors: Seki Kousuke 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA new breeding method of F1 hybrid using male sterility would open an exciting frontier in lettuce breeding, a self-pollinating crop. Male sterility is a crucial trait in F1 hybrid breeding. It is essential to map the causative gene for using male sterility. The ms-S, male-sterile (MS) gene of ‘CGN17397’, was mapped to linkage group (LG) 8 by ddRAD-seq and narrowed down between two markers using two F2 populations. This region spans approximately 10.16 Mb, where 94 genes were annotated according to the lettuce reference genome sequence (version8 from ‘Salinas’). The whole-genome sequencing of the MS lines ‘CGN17397-MS’ and male-fertile (MF) lines ‘CGN17397-MF’ revealed that only one gene differed in the area of Lsat_1_v5_gn_8_148221.1, a homolog of acyl-CoA synthetase5 (ACOS5), and was deleted in the MS lines. It was reported that ACOS5 was needed for pollen wall formation and that the null mutants of ACOS5 were entirely male sterility in some plants. Thus, I concluded that Lsat_1_v5_gn_8_148221.1 designated as LsACOS5 was a biologically plausible candidate gene for the ms-S locus. By using the structural polymorphism of LsACOS5, an InDel marker was developed to select the MS trait. The results obtained here provide valuable information for the genic male-sterility in lettuce.
Zika virus impacts extracellular vesicle composition and cellular gene expression in macaque early gestation trophoblasts
Authors: Block Lindsey N. , Schmidt Jenna Kropp , Keuler Nicholas S. , McKeon Megan C. , Bowman Brittany D. , Wiepz Gregory J. , Golos Thaddeus G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) infection at the maternal–placental interface is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including fetal demise and pregnancy loss. To determine how infection impacts placental trophoblasts, we utilized rhesus macaque trophoblast stem cells (TSC) that can be differentiated into early gestation syncytiotrophoblasts (ST) and extravillous trophoblasts (EVT). TSCs and STs, but not EVTs, were highly permissive to productive infection with ZIKV strain DAK AR 41524. The impact of ZIKV on the cellular transcriptome showed that infection of TSCs and STs increased expression of immune related genes, including those involved in type I and type III interferon responses. ZIKV exposure altered extracellular vesicle (EV) mRNA, miRNA and protein cargo, including ZIKV proteins, regardless of productive infection. These findings suggest that early gestation macaque TSCs and STs are permissive to ZIKV infection, and that EV analysis may provide a foundation for identifying non-invasive biomarkers of placental infection in a highly translational model.
Longitudinal analysis of built environment and aerosol contamination associated with isolated COVID-19 positive individuals
Authors: Horve Patrick F. , Dietz Leslie G. , Bowles Garis , MacCrone Georgia , Olsen-Martinez Andreas , Northcutt Dale , Moore Vincent , Barnatan Liliana , Parhizkar Hooman , Van Den Wymelenberg Kevin G. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe indoor environment is the primary location for the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), largely driven by respiratory particle accumulation in the air and increased connectivity between the individuals occupying indoor spaces. In this study, we aimed to track a cohort of subjects as they occupied a COVID-19 isolation dormitory to better understand the impact of subject and environmental viral load over time, symptoms, and room ventilation on the detectable viral load within a single room. We find that subject samples demonstrate a decrease in overall viral load over time, symptoms significantly impact environmental viral load, and we provide the first real-world evidence for decreased aerosol SARS-CoV-2 load with increasing ventilation, both from mechanical and window sources. These results may guide environmental viral surveillance strategies and be used to better control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within built environments and better protect those caring for individuals with COVID-19.
Rational inference strategies and the genesis of polarization and extremism
Authors: Kvam Peter D. , Alaukik Abhay , Mims Callie E. , Martemyanova Arina , Baldwin Matthew 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPolarization and extremism are often viewed as the product of psychological biases or social influences, yet they still occur in the absence of any bias or irrational thinking. We show that individual decision-makers implementing optimal dynamic decision strategies will become polarized, forming extreme views relative to the true information in their environment by virtue of how they sample new information. Extreme evidence enables decision makers to stop considering new information, whereas weak or moderate evidence is unlikely to trigger a decision and is thus under-sampled. We show that this information polarization effect arises empirically across choice domains including politically-charged, affect-rich and affect-poor, and simple perceptual decisions. However, this effect can be disincentivized by asking participants to make a judgment about the difference between two options (estimation) rather than deciding. We experimentally test this intervention by manipulating participants’ inference goals (decision vs inference) in an information sampling task. We show that participants in the estimation condition collect more information, hold less extreme views, and are less polarized than those in the decision condition. Estimation goals therefore offer a theoretically-motivated intervention that could be used to alleviate polarization and extremism in situations where people traditionally intend to decide.
Intraoperative aberrometry compared to preoperative Barrett True-K formula for intraocular lens power selection in eyes with prior refractive surgery
Authors: Gasparian Suzie A. , Nassiri Saman , You Hyelin , Vercio Abby , Hwang Frank S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo compare the predictive refractive accuracy of intraoperative aberrometry (ORA) to the preoperative Barrett True-K formula in the calculation of intraocular lens (IOL) power in eyes with prior refractive surgery undergoing cataract surgery at the Loma Linda University Eye Institute, Loma Linda, California, USA. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with a history of post-myopic or hyperopic LASIK/PRK who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery between October 2016 and March 2020. Pre-operative measurements were performed utilizing the Barrett True-K formula. Intraoperative aberrometry (ORA) was used for aphakic refraction and IOL power calculation during surgery. Predictive refractive accuracy of the two methods was compared based on the difference between achieved and intended target spherical equivalent. A total of 97 eyes (69 patients) were included in the study. Of these, 81 eyes (83.5%) had previous myopic LASIK/PRK and 16 eyes (16.5%) had previous hyperopic LASIK/PRK. Median (MedAE)/mean (MAE) absolute prediction errors for preoperative as compared to intraoperative methods were 0.49 D/0.58 D compared to 0.42 D/0.51 D, respectively (P = 0.001/0.002). Over all, ORA led to a statistically significant lower median and mean absolute error compared to the Barrett True-K formula in post-refractive eyes. Percentage of eyes within ± 1.00 D of intended target refraction as predicted by the preoperative versus the intraoperative method was 82.3% and 89.6%, respectively (P = 0.04). Although ORA led to a statistically significant lower median absolute error compared to the Barrett True-K formula, the two methods are clinically comparable in predictive refractive accuracy in patients with prior refractive surgery.
Opportunities and counterintuitive challenges for decentralized clinical trials to broaden participant inclusion
Authors: Goodson Noah , Wicks Paul , Morgan Jayne , Hashem Leen , Callinan Sinéad , Reites John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTraditional clinical trials have often failed to recruit representative participant populations. Just 5% of eligible patients participate in clinical research. Participants, particularly those from minority groups, cite geographical constraints, mistrust, miscommunication, and discrimination as barriers. Here, an intersectional view of inclusion in clinical trials provides significant insights into the complex and counterintuitive challenges of trial design and participant recruitment. The US FDA have recently proposed that decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) might reduce barriers and appeal to a wider range of participants by reducing the costs and commitments required for patients to participate. While common sense and early evidence suggests that allowing participants to take part in trials at or near home has advantages in terms of convenience, travel, and perhaps even infection control, it remains to be seen if DCT approaches will yield significant improvements on participant inclusivity. Some digital studies aiming to be more inclusive on a single element of inclusion, such as race, have experienced unintended consequences in other elements, like education or gender. Implementing DCTs presents new challenges including the digital divide, the exclusion of certain tests and procedures, complexities of at-home medication delivery, and the need to build new infrastructure. We present a range of challenges and opportunities for researchers to adopt and adapt DCT approaches to create reliable evidence that applies to all of us.
An open quantum systems approach to proton tunnelling in DNA
Authors: Slocombe Louie , Sacchi Marco , Al-Khalili Jim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOne of the most important topics in molecular biology is the genetic stability of DNA. One threat to this stability is proton transfer along the hydrogen bonds of DNA that could lead to tautomerisation, hence creating point mutations. We present a theoretical analysis of the hydrogen bonds between the Guanine-Cytosine (G-C) nucleotide, which includes an accurate model of the structure of the base pairs, the quantum dynamics of the hydrogen bond proton, and the influence of the decoherent and dissipative cellular environment. We determine that the quantum tunnelling contribution to the proton transfer rate is several orders of magnitude larger than the classical over-the-barrier hopping. Due to the significance of the quantum tunnelling even at biological temperatures, we find that the canonical and tautomeric forms of G-C inter-convert over timescales far shorter than biological ones and hence thermal equilibrium is rapidly reached. Furthermore, we find a large tautomeric occupation probability of 1.73 × 10−4, suggesting that such proton transfer may well play a far more important role in DNA mutation than has hitherto been suggested. Our results could have far-reaching consequences for current models of genetic mutations.
Neocucurbins A–G, novel macrocyclic diterpenes and their derivatives from Neocucurbitaria unguis-hominis FS685
Authors: Hu Jinhua , Zhang Wenge , Tan Haibo , Li Saini , Gao Xiaoxia , Liu Zhaoming , Wang Yanlin , Liu Hongxin , Zhang Weimin 
Published: May 2022

Neocucurbins A–C featured a novel polyoxygen-hetero 5/6/12 or 5/6/13 fused tricyclic ring system; whereas neocucurbins D–G possessed the 5/6 fused bicyclic ring system.
Validating Spectral Moment Analysis as a Quantitative Measure of Speech Distortions in Speakers With Class III Malocclusions
Authors: Jhingree Samantha , Xie Yushan , Bocklage Clare , Giduz Natalie , Moss Kevin , Zajac David , Jacox Laura Anne 
Published: May 2022

Purpose:
This study examined the relationship between judged speech sound distortions and spectral moment metrics in speakers with Class III malocclusion.

Method:
A quantitative online survey was distributed to 30 speech specialists (clinicians and/or students) and 100 lay listeners to judge the clarity of the sounds /s/, /ʃ/, /t/, and /k/ using a visual analog scale (VAS) from recordings of 11 Class III (underbite) dentofacial disharmony (DFD) patients and eight Class I controls. Patients and controls were grouped according to high, moderate, and low /s/−/ʃ/ first spectral moment differences. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the data.

Results:
VAS scale ratings increased as a function of decreasing spectral contrast for both groups of listeners. VAS ratings of speech specialists were more homogenous than lay listeners, and speech specialists rated distortions as less severe than lay listeners.

Conclusions:
Recordings of Class III DFD patients with low /s/−/ʃ/ first spectral moment differences were scored by listeners as having increased VAS scale ratings, indicative of more significant perceived speech-sound distortions. Spectral moment analysis appears to be a promising approach for characterizing speech of DFD patients and other craniofacial disorders.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19686510
One-Year Vestibular and Balance Outcomes of Oklahoma City Bombing Survivors
Authors: Van Campen Luann E. , Dennis J. Michael , King Sandra B. , Hanlin Renee C.R. , Velderman Amy M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis multisite investigation assessed subjective, behavioral, and objective balance function in 30 blast survivors. Subjects with vertigo, dizziness, or imbalance were screened (n = 6) or evaluated (n = 27) during 1 year. Tests included a questionnaire, electronystagmography (ENG), and computerized dynamic posturography (CDP). Ninety-seven percent of subjects were located inside a building during the blast, and 63 percent of subjects experienced dys-equilibrium within 48 hours. Forty-three percent of symptoms could not be attributed to head injury. Sixty percent of subjects had abnormal ENG and/or CDP; ENG abnormalities mostly were peripheral or nonlocalizing, whereas CDP patterns were “vestibular,” “surface dependent,” and “physiologically inconsistent.” At 1-year postblast, 55 percent of initially abnormal CDP results were normal, and 72 percent of subjects said symptoms were unchanged or occurred intermittently. A serial, test battery approach is recommended to assess symptoms. Blast-related dysequilibrium had clinically significant manifestations and should be considered a valid component of aural blast injury.
Abbreviations: BPPV = benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo, CDP = computerized dynamic posturography, dB pSPL = decibel re: peak sound pressure level, ENG = electronystagmography, MCT = motor control test, psi = air pressure measured in pounds per square inch, Q = quarterly evaluations, SHA = smooth harmonic acceleration, SOT = sensory organization test, TNT = trinitrotoluene
Auditory Neuropathy and a Mitochondrial Disorder in a Child: Case Study
Authors: Corley Virginia M. , Crabbe Linda S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA child was referred for an audiologic evaluation, to include auditory brainstem evoked response testing, due to inconsistent responses to sound and delayed speech and language development. Results were characteristic of auditory neuropathy. In view of subsequent decline in motor function, a genetics evaluation was conducted, revealing a mitochondrial disorder. A brief overview of mitochondrial genetics in association with hearing loss is presented. The patient's audiologic profile is described and the implications for management are discussed.
Abbreviations: ABR = auditory brainstem evoked response, ATP = adenosine triphosphate, DPOAE = distortion-product otoacoustic emissions, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, mtDNA = mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, nDNA = nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid, OAE = otoacoustic emissions, OXPHOR = oxidative phosphorylation
Efficacy of a Modified Politzer Apparatus in Management of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Adults
Authors: Silman Shlomo , Arick Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study evaluates the efficacy of politzeration on eustachian tube dysfunction following airplane travel using an automated, hand-held device that controls the volume velocity of air flow. Fourteen adults with eustachian tube dysfunction following airplane travel comprised the experimental group. They received politzeration over a period of 6 weeks on a twice-a-week basis. Fourteen adults with eustachian tube dysfunction following airplane travel comprised the control group. They were untreated. Complete audiologic and otolaryngologic evaluations were performed at the pretest and after politzeration treatment was completed. The results revealed a substantial, significant improvement in the mean tympanometric peak pressure from pretest to final post-treatment retest in the experimental, but not the control, subjects. The mean air-bone gap increased significantly from pretest to final post-treatment retest in the control, but not the experimental, subjects. Of the experimental subjects with abnormal tympanometric peak pressures at the pretest, resolution to within normal limits occurred in 71 percent of the experimental subjects versus 21 percent of the control subjects. These results suggest the potential feasibility of treatment of aerotitis media in adults with this modified Politzer method using the automated apparatus.
Abbreviations: ABG = air-bone gap, TPP = tympanometric peak pressure
Reliability of Tinnitus Loudness Matches under Procedural Variation
Authors: Henry James A. , Flick Christopher L. , Gilbert Alison , Ellingson Roger M. , Fausti Stephen A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRepeated tinnitus loudness matches (LMs) were obtained to determine response reliability using a computer-automated technique with two procedural variations, fixed or random step sizes, to increase output level during the initial ascending series of tones at each frequency. Twenty subjects with stable, tonal tinnitus were evaluated with both methods during each of two sessions. Response instructions were displayed on a portable computer, and a pen device was used to make response choices that appeared on the touch-sensitive video monitor. For each method, hearing thresholds and LMs were obtained, with 1-dB resolution, at 1/3-octave frequencies from 1 to 16 kHz. Analyses revealed reliability of LMs to be equivalent between methods. LM data are reported in both dB SPL and dB SL, with the SPL values providing greater reliability both within and between sessions (all r's ≥ .889, p's ≤ .0001).
Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance, LAN = local area network, LM = loudness match