bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An eco‐epidemiological modeling approach to investigate dilution effect in two different tick‐borne pathosystems
Authors: Occhibove Flavia , Kenobi Kim , Swain Martin , Risley Claire 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDisease (re)emergence appears to be driven by biodiversity decline and environmental change. As a result, it is increasingly important to study host–pathogen interactions within the context of their ecology and evolution. The dilution effect is the concept that higher biodiversity decreases pathogen transmission. It has been observed especially in zoonotic vector‐borne pathosystems, yet evidence against it has been found. In particular, it is still debated how the community (dis)assembly assumptions and the degree of generalism of vectors and pathogens affect the direction of the biodiversity–pathogen transmission relationship. The aim of this study was to use empirical data and mechanistic models to investigate dilution mechanisms in two rodent–tick–pathogen systems differing in their vector degree of generalism. A community was assembled to include ecological interactions that expand from purely additive to purely substitutive. Such systems are excellent candidates to analyze the link between vector ecology, community (dis)assembly dynamics, and pathogen transmission. To base our mechanistic models on empirical data, rodent live‐trapping, including tick sampling, was conducted in Wales across two seasons for three consecutive years. We have developed a deterministic single‐vector, multi‐host compartmental model that includes ecological relationships with non‐host species, uniquely integrating theoretical and observational approaches. To describe pathogen transmission across a gradient of community diversity, the model was populated with parameters describing five different scenarios differing in ecological complexity; each based around one of the pathosystems: Ixodes ricinus (generalist tick)–Borrelia burgdorferi and I. trianguliceps (small mammals specialist tick)–Babesia microti. The results suggested that community composition and interspecific dynamics affected pathogen transmission with different dilution outcomes depending on the vector degree of generalism. The model provides evidence that dilution and amplification effects are not mutually exclusive in the same community but depend on vector ecology and the epidemiological output considered (i.e., the “risk” of interest). In our scenarios, more functionally diverse communities resulted in fewer infectious rodents, supporting the dilution effect. In the pathosystem with generalist vector we identified a hump shaped relationship between diversity and infections in hosts, while for that characterized by specialist tick, this relationship was more complex and more dependent upon specific parameter values.
Accountability in promoting representation of historically marginalized racial and ethnic populations in the eating disorders field: A call to action
Authors: Goel Neha J. , Jennings Mathis Karen , Egbert Amy H. , Petterway Felicia , Breithaupt Lauren , Eddy Kamryn T. , Franko Debra L. , Graham Andrea K. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPromoting representation of historically marginalized racial and ethnic populations in the eating disorders (EDs) field among professionals and the populations studied and served has long been discussed, with limited progress. This may be due to a reinforcing feedback loop in which individuals from dominant cultures conduct research and deliver treatment, participate in research, and receive diagnoses and treatment. This insularity maintains underrepresentation: EDs in historically marginalized populations are understudied, undetected, and undertreated. An Early Career Investigators Workshop generated recommendations for change that were not inherently novel but made apparent that accountability is missing. This paper serves as a call to action to spearhead a paradigm shift from equality to equity in the ED field. We provide a theoretical framework, suggest ways to disrupt the feedback loop, and summarize actionable steps to increase accountability in ED leadership and research toward enhancing racial/ethnic justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI). These actionable steps are outlined in the service of challenging our field to reflect the diversity of our global community. We must develop and implement measurable metrics to assess our progress toward increasing diversity of underrepresented racial/ethnic groups and to address JEDI issues in our providers, patients, and research participants.
Body image concerns and disordered eating among older women: Identifying variables of interest for integrated models
Authors: Rodgers Rachel F , Berry Rachel A , Laveway Katherine 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveResearch focused on developing risk and protective models of body image concerns and disordered eating among older women is scant. Models including biological, psychological, and sociocultural elements may be useful explanatory frameworks in this group. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct formative research exploring the constructs that form part of biopsychosocial models of body image concerns and disordered eating among older women.MethodA sample of 184 women aged 60–75 years completed an online survey assessing media pressures, thin‐ideal internalization, depression symptoms, weight and shape concerns, and disordered eating as well as positive reappraisal and acceptance of aging‐related changes to appearance.ResultsAfter the addition of two supplemental pathways, the model revealed good fit to the data. In the final model, age, depression, and media pressure were associated with media internalization, that was in turn associated with weight and shape concerns, and then disordered eating. Depression was also directly associated with both weight and shape concerns and disordered eating. The model varied across older women with high versus low levels of positive reappraisal and acceptance of aging‐related changes to appearance. Specifically, among those high on this trait, the pathways between depression and thin‐ideal internalization, and between weight and shape concerns and disordered eating were significantly weaker.DiscussionThese findings support the usefulness of biopsychosocial models for grounding research on body image concerns and disordered eating among older women, and suggest positive reappraisal and acceptance of aging‐related changes to appearance as a useful dimension to focus on.
Can glucose‐lowering medications improve outcomes in non‐diabetic heart failure patients? A Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Yeong Trevor , Mai Aaron Shengting , Lim Oliver Z.H. , Ng Cheng Han , Chin Yip Han , Tay Phoebe , Lin Chaoxing , Muthiah Mark , Khoo Chin Meng , Dalakoti Mayank , Loh Poay‐Huan , Chan Mark , Yeo Tiong‐Cheng , Foo Roger , Wong Raymond , Chew Nicholas W.S. , Lin Weiqin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimsThe cardioprotective effects of glucose‐lowering medications in diabetic patients with heart failure (HF) are well known. Several large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have recently suggested that the cardioprotective effects of glucose‐lowering medications extend to HF patients regardless of diabetic status. The aim of this study was to conduct a Bayesian network meta‐analysis to evaluate the impact of various glucose‐lowering medications on the outcomes of non‐diabetic HF patients.Methods and resultsMedline and Embase were searched for RCTs investigating the use of glucose‐lowering medications in non‐diabetic HF patients in August 2021. Studies were included in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and data were extracted with a pre‐defined datasheet. Primary outcomes include serum N‐terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and maximal oxygen consumption (PVO2). A Bayesian network meta‐analysis was performed to compare the effectiveness of different classes of glucose‐lowering medications in improving HF outcomes. Risk‐of‐bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias tool 2.0 for randomized trials (ROB2). Seven RCTs involving 2897 patients were included. Sodium‐glucose transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) was the most favourable in lowering NT‐proBNP, with the significant reduction in NT‐proBNP when compared with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP1‐RA) [mean differences (MD): −229.59 pg/mL, 95%‐credible intervals (95%‐CrI): −238.31 to −220.91], metformin (MD: −237.15 pg/mL, 95%‐CrI: −256.19 to −218.14), and placebo (MD: −228.00 pg/mL, 95%‐CrI: −233.99 to −221.99). SGLT2i was more effective in improving LVEF for HF with reduced ejection fraction patients relative to GLP1‐RA (MD: 8.09%, 95%‐CrI: 6.30 to 9.88) and placebo (MD: 6.10%, 95%‐CrI: 4.37 to 7.84). SGLT2i and GLP1‐RA were more favourable to placebo in improving PVO2, with significant increase of PVO2 at a MD of 1.60 mL/kg/min (95%‐CrI: 0.63 to 2.57) and 0.86 mL/kg/min (95%‐CrI: 0.66 to 1.06), respectively. All three drugs had comparable safety profiles when compared with placebo.ConclusionsThis Bayesian network meta‐analysis demonstrated that SGLT2i, when compared with GLP1‐RA and metformin, was superior in improving LVEF in HF with reduced ejection fraction patients, as well as improving PVO2 and NT‐proBNP in non‐diabetic HF patients. Further large‐scale prospective studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
A population of naive‐like CD4+ T cells stably polarized to the TH1 lineage
Authors: Lo Jonathan W. , de Mucha Maria Vila , Henderson Stephen , Roberts Luke B. , Constable Laura E. , Garrido‐Mesa Natividad , Hertweck Arnulf , Stolarczyk Emilie , Houlder Emma L. , Jackson Ian , MacDonald Andrew S. , Powell Nick , Neves Joana F. , Howard Jane K. , Jenner Richard G. , Lord Graham M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractT‐bet is the lineage‐specifying transcription factor for CD4+ TH1 cells. T‐bet has also been found in other CD4+ T cell subsets, including TH17 cells and Treg, where it modulates their functional characteristics. However, we lack information on when and where T‐bet is expressed during T cell differentiation and how this impacts T cell differentiation and function. To address this, we traced the ontogeny of T‐bet‐expressing cells using a fluorescent fate‐mapping mouse line. We demonstrate that T‐bet is expressed in a subset of CD4+ T cells that have naïve cell surface markers and transcriptional profile and that this novel cell population is phenotypically and functionally distinct from previously described populations of naïve and memory CD4+ T cells. Naïve‐like T‐bet‐experienced cells are polarized to the TH1 lineage, predisposed to produce IFN‐γ upon cell activation, and resist repolarization to other lineages in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate that lineage‐specifying factors can polarize T cells in the absence of canonical markers of T cell activation and that this has an impact on the subsequent T‐helper response.
Gender perspectives on self‐censorship in organizations: The role of management position, procedural justice and organizational climate
Authors: Adamska Krystyna , Kosakowska‐Berezecka Natasza , Jurek Paweł , Konarski Roman 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSelf‐censorship in organizations is an individual's decision not to share information on observed irregularities and misconduct of others. The propensity to self‐censor, motivated by belief that voice will not be heard, may reflect gender inequalities. In Study 1 (N= 948), we test whether women manifest more self‐censorship than men and we verify whether this effect is maintained when women and men hold managerial positions. In two follow‐up studies we analyse the effects of (a) procedural justice (Study 2,N= 98) and (b) communal organizational climate (Study 3,N= 589) on women's and men's self‐censorship. The results of our studies support our assumptions: (1) self‐censorship in women is more prevalent than in men, (2) women in management positions are more likely to self‐censor than men in managerial positions, and (3) procedural justice and communal organizational climate are negatively related to employees’ self‐censorship, and this relationship is stronger for women.
A secure multi‐path transmission algorithm based on fountain codes
Authors: Liu Jianhang , Xu Jingshuai , Li Shibao , Cui Xuerong , Zhang Yucheng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCyber security is the basis of ensuring reliable network transmission. In addition to encrypting the data, dividing the data into multiple paths for transmission is also an important way to improve the security. However, the development of semantic analysis algorithms leads to the fact that the eavesdroppers can restore the data as long as they obtain the data on the part of the paths, which reduces the security of multi‐path transmission. Additionally, in the environment of poor communication quality, retransmission mechanism leads to long transmission delay. To solve the above problems, this article proposes a secure multi‐path transmission algorithm based on fountain codes—FMPST. According to the safety level of data, the forwarding nodes are dynamically selected. Making use of the non‐feedback characteristic of fountain codes can not only reduce data delay, but also evaluate the channel packet loss rate by random forest model. FMPST can calculate the number of packets by packet loss rate, which makes it difficult for eavesdroppers to obtain enough packets to decrypt. The experiments show that compared with other multi‐path transmission algorithms, FMPST can improve the data security more than three times and reduce the communication delay by at least 50%.
Ultrasound‐assisted solubilization of calcium from micrometer‐scale ground fish bone particles
Authors: Guo Juanjuan , Zhu Siliang , Chen Hongbin , Zheng Zongping , Pang Jie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn order to promote the extraction of biological calcium from fish bone, ultrasonication was used to process micrometer‐scale fish bone particles (MFPs) and investigate the mechanism of action in relation to bone structure. With ultrasonication treatment (300 W, 60°C, 2 h), the content of calcium release increased by 25.6%. Calcium release reached 94.0% of total calcium after 24‐h treatment. The surface of the MFPs was significantly damaged by ultrasound‐induced cavitation, resulting in holes and separation of the layered structure. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis demonstrated that the crystalline structure of hydroxyapatite was disrupted, the triple helical structure of mineralized collagen fibrils (MCFs) was loosened, and hydrogen bonding in collagen decreased, facilitating the release of hydroxyapatite crystals. Thus, ultrasonication may be a practical alternative to nanomilling for industrial processing of waste fish bones to produce soluble calcium as an ingredient in calcium supplements and supplemented foods.
Historical data of atmospheric electric field observations in Japan
Authors: Nagamachi Shingo , Arita Shin , Hirota Eiji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Kakioka Magnetic Observatory (KMO) of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) made atmospheric electric field observations at Kakioka and Memambetsu beginning in 1929 and 1949, respectively, and ending in February 2021 and December 2010, respectively. The digital numerical data are available on the KMO website, although not all observation periods are covered. In this article, we introduce the available datasets and summarize the metadata regarding the observations, such as measurement instruments, maintenance methods and data processing.
Neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are linked, but independent of alpha‐synuclein inclusions, in a seeding/spreading mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Garcia Pierre , Jürgens‐Wemheuer Wiebke , Uriarte Huarte Oihane , Michelucci Alessandro , Masuch Annette , Brioschi Simone , Weihofen Andreas , Koncina Eric , Coowar Djalil , Heurtaux Tony , Glaab Enrico , Balling Rudi , Sousa Carole , Kaoma Tony , Nicot Nathalie , Pfander Tatjana , Schulz‐Schaeffer Walter , Allouche Ahmad , Fischer Nicolas , Biber Knut , Kleine‐Borgmann Felix , Mittelbronn Michel , Ostaszewski Marek , Schmit Kristopher J. , Buttini Manuel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA key pathological process in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the transneuronal spreading of α‐synuclein. Alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn) is a presynaptic protein that, in PD, forms pathological inclusions. Other hallmarks of PD include neurodegeneration and microgliosis in susceptible brain regions. Whether it is primarily transneuronal spreading of α‐syn particles, inclusion formation, or other mechanisms, such as inflammation, that cause neurodegeneration in PD is unclear. We used a model of spreading of α‐syn induced by striatal injection of α‐syn preformed fibrils into the mouse striatum to address this question. We performed quantitative analysis for α‐syn inclusions, neurodegeneration, and microgliosis in different brain regions, and generated gene expression profiles of the ventral midbrain, at two different timepoints after disease induction. We observed significant neurodegeneration and microgliosis in brain regions not only with, but also without α‐syn inclusions. We also observed prominent microgliosis in injured brain regions that did not correlate with neurodegeneration nor with inclusion load. Using longitudinal gene expression profiling, we observed early gene expression changes, linked to neuroinflammation, that preceded neurodegeneration, indicating an active role of microglia in this process. Altered gene pathways overlapped with those typical of PD. Our observations indicate that α‐syn inclusion formation is not the major driver in the early phases of PD‐like neurodegeneration, but that microglia, activated by diffusible, oligomeric α‐syn, may play a key role in this process. Our findings uncover new features of α‐syn induced pathologies, in particular microgliosis, and point to the necessity for a broader view of the process of α‐syn spreading.
Automatic oculomotor nerve identification based on data‐driven fiber clustering
Authors: Huang Jiahao , Li Mengjun , Zeng Qingrun , Xie Lei , He Jianzhong , Chen Ge , Liang Jiantao , Li Mingchu , Feng Yuanjing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe oculomotor nerve (OCN) is the main motor nerve innervating eye muscles and can be involved in multiple flammatory, compressive, or pathologies. The diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography is now widely used to describe the trajectory of the OCN. However, the complex cranial structure leads to difficulties in fiber orientation distribution (FOD) modeling, fiber tracking, and region of interest (ROI) selection. Currently, the identification of OCN relies on expert manual operation, resulting in challenges, such as the carries high clinical, time‐consuming, and labor costs. Thus, we propose a method that can automatically identify OCN from dMRI tractography. First, we choose the multi‐shell multi‐tissue constraint spherical deconvolution (MSMT‐CSD) FOD estimation model and deterministic tractography to describe the 3D trajectory of the OCN. Then, we rely on the well‐established computational pipeline and anatomical expertise to create a data‐driven OCN tractography atlas from 40 HCP data. We identify six clusters belonging to the OCN from the atlas, including the structures of three kinds of positional relationships (pass between, pass through, and go around) with the red nuclei and two kinds of positional relationships with medial longitudinal fasciculus. Finally, we apply the proposed OCN atlas to identify the OCN automatically from 40 new HCP subjects and two patients with brainstem cavernous malformation. In terms of spatial overlap and visualization, experiment results show that the automatically and manually identified OCN fibers are consistent. Our proposed OCN atlas provides an effective tool for identifying OCN by avoiding the traditional selection strategy of ROIs.
Diagnostic accuracy of conventional oral examination for detecting oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients with clinically evident oral lesions: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Essat Munira , Cooper Katy , Bessey Alice , Clowes Mark , Chilcott James B. , Hunter Keith D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis systematic review evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of conventional oral examination (COE) versus incisional or excisional biopsy for the diagnosis of malignant and/or dysplastic lesions in patients with clinically evident lesions. Searches were conducted across five electronic databases from inception to January 2020. Meta‐analyses were undertaken, where appropriate. Among 18 included studies, 14 studies were included in the meta‐analysis, giving summary estimates for COE of 71% sensitivity and 85% specificity for the diagnosis of dysplastic and/or malignant lesions. The pooled diagnostic accuracy of identifying malignant‐only lesions was reported in seven studies, giving a pooled estimate of 88% sensitivity and 81% specificity. Diagnostic accuracy of different types of dental/medical professionals in identifying dysplastic or malignant lesions gave varying estimates of sensitivity and specificity across three studies. Further research is needed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of COE for early detection of dysplastic and malignant oral lesions.
Nanofibrous polycaprolactone/chitosan membranes for preventing postsurgical tendon adhesion
Authors: Fakhraei Omid , Alimohammadi Mahdieh , Moradi Ali , Akbarinezhad Nogh Ali , Soudmand Salarabadi Samaneh , Ghasabzadeh Mohammad Sedigh , Panahi Reihaneh , Aghli Yasaman , Passandideh‐Fard Mohammad , Tahani Masoud , Ebrahimzadeh Mohammad Hossein , Mousavi Shaegh Seyed Ali 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPeritendinous adhesion is considered a major postsurgical tendon complication in hand surgery. This complication could be mitigated partially through early tendon mobilization. However, development of new treatment modalities to guide tissue regeneration and to reduce postsurgical tendon adhesion has recently gained attentions. In this article, synthesis and characterization of electrospun nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) of polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan to form a physical barrier against cellular migration leading to tendon adhesion is presented. The mechanical properties of the NFMs are modulated to maintain high integrity during postsurgical tendon mobilization. The tensile strength of the NFMs is examined in wet and dry conditions after 1000 cyclic pull loadings. In addition, the mechanical strength of the NFMs is evaluated after a degradation period of 30 days. To obtain NFM with desired properties, concentrations of polymer solutions, operation parameters of electrospinning and the thickness of NFMs were optimized. Based on the biodegradation and mechanical evaluations, the optimum NFM was obtained for specified amounts of PCL (5 wt %) + chitosan (2 wt %) at an electrospinning drum speed of 400 rpm. The engineered NFM could withstand forces of 33 and 19 N before and after 1000 pull cycles that are sufficient during tendon healing process. The bonding of chitosan fibers over PCL nanofibers allowed for production of NFMs with appropriate mechanical integrity and degradation rate. In vitro cell culture tests demonstrated that PCL/chitosan could only have minor impact on decreasing fibroblast attachment over the membranes probably due to protonation of amine groups.