bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory and Technology of Digital Twin Model for Geotechnical Engineering
Authors: Wu Jiaming , Dai Linfabao , Xue Guangqiao , Chen Jian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs an innovative information technology, Digital Twin has greatly promoted the development of intelligent manufacturing in the industry. However, in the field of geotechnical engineering, there are still few researches on this aspect, which is still a “new territory” and “no man's land”. The concept of digital twin coincides with the needs of geotechnical engineering informatization, so the introduction of digital twin technology into the field of geotechnical engineering will help to promote the development process of geotechnical engineering informatization and digitization. This paper puts forward and defines the digital twin model of geotechnical engineering, describes the connotation of the digital twin model, and studies the architecture of the digital twin model of geotechnical engineering. On this basis, the integration and sharing mechanism of geotechnical engineering digital twin data based on BIM technology is proposed. In order to break through the defect that the geotechnical engineering information model has not fully played its role for a long time, an integrated model of geological body and structural body is constructed based on the construction and integration module of geotechnical digital twin model. Furthermore, the geotechnical engineering digital twin simulation analysis module is developed to initially form the geotechnical engineering digital twin model, so as to realize the geotechnical engineering digital design, collaborative construction, visual decision-making and transparent management.
Seismic Performance of a Precast Hollow Insulated Shear Wall
Authors: Chen Zhexian , He Wenfu , Yang Sen , Chang Cheng , Ji Min 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new precast hollow insulation shear wall (PHISW) is proposed in this paper. To study the seismic behaviors of the new PHISW, two cast-in-place solid shear wall (CSW) specimens, two precast monolithic hollow insulated shear wall (PMW) specimens, and two precast hollow insulated shear wall (PSW) specimens with vertical seams were produced and subjected to low-cyclic reversed loadings. The seismic indices obtained from low-cyclic reversed tests include the failure pattern, hysteretic curves and energy dissipation. The experiment results indicate that flexural failure is the main failure mode of the specimens, but a noticeable difference is detected in the cracking distribution between the three types of shear walls. The bearing capacity of each characteristic point of PMW and PSW is comparable to that of CSW. The ductility coefficient of the newly proposed precast shear wall is slightly lower than that of CSW.
Study on Surface Deformation Model Induced by Shield Tunneling Based on Random Field Theory
Authors: Li Jianbin , Huang Junguang , Tong Huawei , Zhang Shankai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBased on the shield tunnel engineering in weathered granite stratum in Xiamen, Stochastic calculations, by combining the random field theory and the finite difference analysis together with Monte Carlo simulation, are used to carry out the change law of the characteristics of surface deformation curve and surface deformation model. Results show that with the increase of the vertical scales of fluctuation, the decrease of the transverse scales of fluctuation or the increase of the coefficient of variation, the low peak distribution characteristics of the location of the maximum surface settlement induced by shield tunneling become more obvious, and the randomness and chaos of the shape of surface deformation curve gradually increase. The diversity of surface deformation model is affected by parameter correlation and randomness. Under the condition of small transverse scales of fluctuation and large vertical scales of fluctuation, the sensitivity of coefficient of variation to surface deformation mode is limited.
Analysis of Deformation Characteristics of Large Diameter Shield Tunnel with Construction Load
Authors: Zhu Weidong , Zhang Xiwen , Zhang Liangliang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of the method of shield tunnel in our country, the shield in the tunnel and the internal structure exist a lot of prefabricated and assembled internal structure can be roughly divided into full cast-in-place, full precast, and precast and cast-in-place structure. However, it has the disadvantages of more internal structural joints, poor waterproof performance, and complex structural stress. Therefore, combined with the actual engineering case, the construction process is simulated by using the finite element analysis software, and the influence of the segmental and internal structure cooperative deformation and joint mechanical performance is considered to further analyze the deformation characteristics of shield tunnel assembly internal structure, which can provide a reference for the construction and design of similar projects.
Analysis of Pile-Soil Interaction of Precast Pile Driven in Coastal Strata
Authors: Xie Hongping , Han Chao , Du Changqing , Wang Bo , Zhang Yuchi , Mo Pinqiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to further reveal the pile-soil interaction mechanism during precast pile driving in saturated soft soil in coastal areas, the compaction effect and excess pore pressure response of a single pile and adjacent pile penetration under hammer driven pile construction are analyzed by using the cavity expansion and model test method. The results show that pile driving in saturated soil layer will cause large soil compaction and accumulation of excess pore water pressure. Under the model test conditions, the variation range of soil pressure and excess pore pressure is about 0.7–3.0 times and 0.5–1.5 times of soil mass weight stress. As the driving of adjacent pile, soil pressure at the constructed pile-soil interface increases gradually and fluctuates at the same time, and multi peak phenomenon appears under the influence of different soil layers. At the initial stage of driving, the pile driving force is mainly borne by the pile side friction, and the pile tip resistance will actions as the increase of penetration depth, and the relationship between them is basically linear. These results have certain guiding and reference value for the construction of precast pile driving in saturated soft soil in coastal areas.
Developments of Microseismic Monitoring Technology in Deep Tunnels in China
Authors: Feng Guangliang , Ma Qi , Zhang Xun , Qu Dingjun , Wang Guojun , Liu Jian , Zhu Zongjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the increasing demand for infrastructure construction as the global economy progresses, the need for exploration and utilization of deep underground space becomes more crucial. Microseismic (MS) monitoring technology has been widely used in deep underground tunnel projects for safety monitoring in China in recent years. In this paper, four aspects of MS monitoring technology developments, i.e. distribution of projects, environment and system characteristic, purpose, and effect of MS monitoring in deep tunnel projects in China were analyzed and summarized. The results show that the technology was mainly applied in the west of China with a wide range of project types. The maximum buried depth of the tunnels monitored reached 2525 m. The tunnel construction method was mainly drilling and blasting method. The lithologies of the tunnels were mainly marble, granite and basalt. The monitoring purpose was for disaster warning and mechanism understanding. In addition, the future development of MS monitoring technology in deep tunnels in China is prospected. The results will be helpful for a rapid development of MS monitoring technology in deep tunnels in China.
Effects of Hole Locations on the Elastic Global Buckling Loads of Cold-Formed Steel Channel Members with Perforations Under Compression or Bending
Authors: Pham Ngoc Hieu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCold-formed steel members with perforations have been commonly applied to meet the demands for technical installations. The design of the perforated members was regulated in Specification AISI S100-16 using the Direct Strength Method (DSM). This method is based on elastic buckling analyses to predict the capacities of cold-formed steel members. The determination of elastic buckling loads is compulsory for the application of the DSM method in the design and has been presented in the Specification. The specification regulations are only applied for symmetrical and evenly spaced holes. The paper, therefore, investigates the effects of unsymmetrical, unevenly spaced and eccentric holes on the elastic global buckling loads of perforated channel members using finite element analyses. The effect of symmetrical and evenly web holes on the elastic global buckling loads of cold-formed steel channel members in comparison with those of gross section members is also investigated.
Investigation of Sectional Capacities of Cold-Formed Steel SupaCee Sections
Authors: Pham Ngoc Hieu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSupaCee section is formed by adding stiffeners in the web of the channel section, and it has been illustrated to be more stable and innovative than the traditional channel section. The member capacity comparisons between such two section members investigated in a companion paper showed that SupaCee was significantly beneficial for small and thin section members, but the reductions of global buckling strengths of SupaCee section members led to the lower capacities for long members compared to those of channel section members. These reductions can be prevented by using full bracing systems to avoid global buckling; this allows member capacities to reach sectional capacities. This paper, therefore, presents a study on sectional capacities of cold-formed steel SupaCee sections under compression or bending in comparison with those of channel sections.
Computerized tomography scan evaluation after fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation of the knee correlates with clinical outcomes
Authors: Gelber Pablo Eduardo , Ramírez-Bermejo Eduard , Grau-Blanes Alex , Gonzalez-Osuna Aránzazu , Fariñas Oscar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose

To determine the correlation between the assessment computed tomography osteochondral allograft (ACTOCA) scoring system and clinical outcomes scores. The hypothesis was that the ACTOCA score would show sufficient correlation to support its use in clinical practice.

Methods
We prospectively collected data from all consecutive patients who underwent cartilage restitution with fresh osteochondral allograft (FOCA) transplantation for osteochondral lesions of the knee and had a minimum follow-up of two years. CT scans were performed at three, six and 24 months post-operatively. A musculoskeletal radiologist blinded to the patients’ medical history evaluated the scans using the ACTOCA scoring system. Clinical outcomes collected preoperatively and at three, six and 24 months postoperatively were evaluated using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Kujala, the Western Ontario Meniscal Evaluation Tool (WOMET), and the Tegner Activity Scale.

Results
The mean total ACTOCA score showed a statistically significant correlation with the clinical outcome. The correlation was optimal at 24 months. We found a high negative correlation with the IKDC, Kujala and Tegner (− 0.737; − 0.757, and − 0.781 respectively), and a moderate negative correlation with WOMET (− 0.566) (p < 0.001). IKDC, Kujala, WOMET, and Tegner scores showed a significant continuous improvement in all scores (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The mean total ACTOCA score showed a linear correlation with clinical results in IKDC, Kujala, WOMET, and Tegner scores, being the highest at 24 months post-surgery. This finding supports the use of ACTOCA to standardize CT scan reports following fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation in the knee.
Long‐term Cure of Primary Hyperparathyroidism After Scan‐Directed Parathyroidectomy: Outcomes From A UK Endocrine Surgery Unit
Authors: Patel Neil , Mihai Radu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTwo‐decades ago, the advent of sestamibi scintigraphy led to an enthusiastic acceptance of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) in most surgical centres. More recently, concerns have been raised about the efficacy of limited neck exploration and some surgeons proposed bilateral neck exploration to be (once again) the gold standard operation for primary hyperparathyroidism in 2020s.MethodsA departmental database was used to identify patients who had MIP after concordant dual localisation with sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasound scans. Long‐term follow‐up data were obtained from electronic patient records to ascertain any further treatment for recurrent disease and confirm most recent biochemical status. Patients with negative localisation scans and those with familial disease were excluded from analysis.ResultsBetween June 2001 and August 2014 a total of 404 patients (108 M:296F, median age 63 years, range 17–90 years) underwent MIP and had normalisation of calcium in first 6 weeks after the operation. Information on electronic patient records were missing in 14 patients; therefore, data on 390 patients were analysed. During median follow‐up of 78 months (IQR: 21.25–111.75 months), 375 patients had normocalcaemia (2.36 mmol/L, IQR: 2.29–2.44 mmol/L) at a median 75 months, (IQR: 20–118 months) after their operation. Overall, 15 (3.85%) patients had biochemical evidence of recurrent disease (2.70 mmol/L IQR: 2.63–2.75 mmol/L) at 92 months (Range: 6–196) after initial operation. Of these, 5 (1.28%) patients underwent a second parathyroid procedure.ConclusionRecurrence after scan‐directed unilateral neck exploration occurred in 4% of patients after a long disease‐free interval. Only one patient had recurrent disease within 1‐year of primary surgery. The data suggest that bilateral neck exploration at the time of initial operation, in this selected cohort, is unlikely to have uncovered multi‐gland disease and prevent disease recurrence. Focused parathyroidectomy in patients with convincing localisation studies should continue.
Mechanical complications of hip spacers: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Sambri Andrea , Fiore Michele , Rondinella Claudia , Morante Lorenzo , Paolucci Azzurra , Giannini Claudio , Alfonso Calogero , De Paolis Massimiliano 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Temporary spacers used in the staged revision of a hip prosthetic joint infection (PJI) have been associated with several mechanical complications with very variable reported general complications rates up to 73%. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the mechanical complications associated with hip antibiotic-loaded spacers when treating periprosthetic hip PJI.

Methods
Through an electronic systematic search of PubMed, articles reporting mechanical complications of spacers used in the treatment of hip PJI were reviewed. Dislocations, spacer fracture, femoral fractures, and acetabular lysis rates were evaluated.

Results
Forty studies were included. Standardized molded spacers had a significantly higher weighted mean of total mechanical complication rates (37.2%) when compared to standardized preformed spacers (13.8%, p = 0.039), while no significant difference was found between molded spacers and manually shaped spacers. Spacer dislocation was the most frequent complication. No significant difference in mechanical complication rate was found between spacers with and without any metallic component.

Conclusions
Spacer placement in chronic PJI of the hip with bone and soft-tissue defects is challenging and bears a high risk of mechanical failures and progressive bone loss during the interim period. A careful patient selection for spacer implantation is mandatory.
25-Year experience with adult polytraumatized patients in a European level 1 trauma center: polytrauma between 1995 and 2019. What has changed? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Weihs Valerie , Frenzel Stephan , Dedeyan Michél , Hruska Florian , Staats Kevin , Hajdu Stefan , Negrin Lukas Leopold , Aldrian Silke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze the changes of the clinical characteristics, injury patterns, and mortality rates of polytraumatized patients within the past 25 years in a European Level I trauma center.

Methods
953 consecutive polytraumatized patients treated at a single-level 1 trauma center between January 1995 and December 2019 were enrolled retrospectively. Polytrauma was defined as AIS ≥ 3 points in at least two different body regions. Retrospective data analysis on changes of clinical characteristics and mortality rates over time.

Results
A significant increase of the average age by 2 years per year of the study could be seen with a significant increase of geriatric patients over time. No changes of the median Injury Severity Score (ISS) could be seen over time, whereas the ISS significantly decreased by patient’s year. The rates of concomitant severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) remained constant over time, and did not increase with rising age of the patients. Although, the mortality rate remained constant over time the relative risk of overall in-hospital mortality increased by 1.7% and the relative risk of late-phase mortality increased by 2.2% per patient’s year.

Conclusion
The number of polytraumatized patients remained constant over the 25-year study period. Also, the mortality rates remained stable over time, although a significant increase of the average age of polytraumatized patients could be seen with stable injury severity scores. Severe TBI and age beyond 65 years remained independent prognostic factors on the late-phase survival of polytraumatized patients.
Trial registration: NCT04723992.
Level of evidence: Prognostic study, level III.
Compartment-specific energy requirements of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in Camelina sativa leaves
Authors: Wieloch Thomas , Sharkey Thomas David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Main conclusion
The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway provides cytosolic NADPH yet reduces carbon and energy use efficiency. Repressing this pathway and introducing cytosolic NADPH-dependent malate dehydrogenase may increase crop yields by ≈5%.

Abstract
Detailed knowledge about plant energy metabolism may aid crop improvements. Using published estimates of flux through central carbon metabolism, we phenotype energy metabolism in illuminated Camelina sativa leaves (grown at 22 °C, 500 µmol photons m−2 s−1) and report several findings. First, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) transfers 3.3% of the NADPH consumed in the Calvin–Benson cycle to the cytosol. NADPH supply proceeds at about 10% of the rate of net carbon assimilation. However, concomitantly respired CO2 accounts for 4.8% of total rubisco activity. Hence, 4.8% of the flux through the Calvin–Benson cycle and photorespiration is spent on supplying cytosolic NADPH, a significant investment. Associated energy requirements exceed the energy output of the OPPP. Thus, autotrophic carbon metabolism is not simply optimised for flux into carbon sinks but sacrifices carbon and energy use efficiency to support cytosolic energy metabolism. To reduce these costs, we suggest bioengineering plants with a repressed cytosolic OPPP, and an inserted cytosolic NADPH-dependent malate dehydrogenase tuned to compensate for the loss in OPPP activity (if required). Second, sucrose cycling is a minor investment in overall leaf energy metabolism but a significant investment in cytosolic energy metabolism. Third, leaf energy balancing strictly requires oxidative phosphorylation, cofactor export from chloroplasts, and peroxisomal NADH import. Fourth, mitochondria are energetically self-sufficient. Fifth, carbon metabolism has an ATP/NADPH demand ratio of 1.52 which is met if ≤ 21.7% of whole electron flux is cyclic. Sixth, electron transport has a photon use efficiency of ≥ 62%. Last, we discuss interactions between the OPPP and the cytosolic oxidation–reduction cycle in supplying leaf cytosolic NADPH.
The Influential Role of Powder Factor vs. Delay in Full-Scale Blasting: A Perspective Through the Fragment Size-Energy Fan
Authors: Sanchidrián José A. , Segarra Pablo , Ouchterlony Finn , Gómez Santiago 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe fragmentation of 12 full-scale one-row blasts has been measured by sieving a large portion of the muckpiles. The procedure followed, the difficulties encountered and the solutions adopted to construct the fragment size distribution curves are described in detail; 11 curves were finally constructed as production constraints prevented the required measurements on one of the blasts. The blasts covered a powder factor range between 0.42 and 0.88 kg/m3, and were initiated with two significantly different delays, 4 and 23 ms between holes, to assess the influence of both powder factor and delay on fragmentation. The size distributions are well represented by the Swebrec function, which strongly suggests that the dependence of fragmentation with the powder factor can be analyzed by the fragmentation-energy fan. The result is excellent, and the frag-energy fan model in its simplest form (a four-parameter function) is able to predict sizes between percentage passings 92 to 8% with a mean error of 14.4% and a determination coefficient R2 as high as 0.976. The powder factor above grade has been used, in its energy form obtained as the product of the mass powder factor by the explosive energy per unit mass. The incorporation of six more fragment size distributions, also obtained by sieving in a previous blasting project in the same rock mass, but with different layouts, explosives, delay and blast direction, only reduces R2 to 0.968 and increases the mean error to 15.3%. A strength dependence with the size of the blasted block (burden, bench height, etc.) has been tested for inclusion in the fan formulation, with minor improvement compared with the powder factor alone, as the variation in size of the blasts was very limited. Some size descriptors as in-situ block size and fracture intensity have also been tested, though variations were also limited as all blasts were carried out in the same quarry site, not improving the prediction errors when other blast dimensions (e.g., burden) are used. Incorporating the effect of delay in the fragmentation-energy fan model has been attempted with a cooperation function modifying the powder factor, increasing from instantaneous to an optimum delay value, then decreasing as the delay further increases. The effect of such a function is noticeable in terms of improved prediction; the data analyzed, however, do not allow for a definitive statement on an optimum delay value as calculations with different fan characteristics and data result in different optimum values. The effect of the delay on the fragment size varies with the percentile, from about 10–15% for the high percentiles to somewhat more than 30% for the lower percentiles.