bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXTENDING THE LEE–CARTER MODEL WITH VARIATIONAL AUTOENCODER: A FUSION OF NEURAL NETWORK AND BAYESIAN APPROACH
Authors: Miyata Akihiro , Matsuyama Naoki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this study, we propose a nonlinear Bayesian extension of the Lee–Carter (LC) model using a single-stage procedure with a dimensionality reduction neural network (NN). LC is originally estimated using a two-stage procedure: dimensionality reduction of data by singular value decomposition followed by a time series model fitting. To address the limitations of LC, which are attributed to the two-stage estimation and insufficient model fitness to data, single-stage procedures using the Bayesian state-space (BSS) approaches and extensions of flexibility in modeling by NNs have been proposed. As a fusion of these two approaches, we propose a NN extension of LC with a variational autoencoder that performs the variational Bayesian estimation of a state-space model and dimensionality reduction by autoencoding. Despite being a NN model that performs single-stage estimation of parameters, our model has excellent interpretability and the ability to forecast with confidence intervals, as with the BSS models, without using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods.
Arbitrarily slow decay in the Möbius disjointness conjecture
Authors: ALGOM AMIR , WANG ZHIREN 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSarnak’s Möbius disjointness conjecture asserts that for any zero entropy dynamical system
$(X,T)$
,
$({1}/{N})\! \sum _{n=1}^{N}\! f(T^{n} x) \mu (n)= o(1)$
for every
$f\in \mathcal {C}(X)$
and every
$x\in X$
. We construct examples showing that this
$o(1)$
can go to zero arbitrarily slowly. In fact, our methods yield a more general result, where in lieu of
$\mu (n)$
, one can put any bounded sequence
$a_{n}$
such that the Cesàro mean of the corresponding sequence of absolute values does not tend to zero. Moreover, in our construction, the choice of x depends on the sequence
$a_{n}$
but
$(X,T)$
does not.
Discovery of the most luminous quasar of the last 9 Gyr
Authors: Onken Christopher A. , Lai (赖民希) Samuel , Wolf Christian , Lucy Adrian B. , Hon Wei Jeat , Tisserand Patrick , Sokoloski Jennifer L. , Luna Gerardo J. M. , Manick Rajeev , Fan Xiaohui , Bian (边福彦) Fuyan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report the discovery of a bright ($g = 14.5$mag (AB),$K = 11.9$mag (Vega)) quasar at redshift$z=0.83$— the optically brightest (unbeamed) quasar at$z>0.4$. SMSS J114447.77-430859.3, at a Galactic latitude of$b=+18.1^{\circ}$, was identified by its optical colours from the SkyMapper Southern Survey (SMSS) during a search for symbiotic binary stars. Optical and near-infrared spectroscopy reveals broad Mgii, H$\unicode{x03B2}$, H$\unicode{x03B1}$, and Pa$\unicode{x03B2}$emission lines, from which we measure a black hole mass of$\log_{10}\! (M_{\mathrm{BH}}/\mathrm{M}_{\odot}) = 9.4 \pm 0.5$. With its high luminosity,$L_{\mathrm{bol}} = (4.7\pm1.0)\times10^{47}\,\mathrm{erg\,s}^{-1}$or$M_{i}(z=2) = -29.74$mag (AB), we estimate an Eddington ratio of$\approx1.4$. As the most luminous quasar known over the last${\sim}$9 Gyr of cosmic history, having a luminosity$8\times$greater than 3C 273, the source offers a range of potential follow-up opportunities.
Can political alignment reduce crime? Evidence from Chile
Authors: Alberti Carla , Díaz–Rioseco Diego , Visconti Giancarlo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractResearch has shown that presidents tend to benefit local level copartisans when distributing resources, which can improve the provision of public goods, such as security. Considering that fear of crime is among the main concerns of citizens worldwide, we examine whether alignment affects criminality. Drawing on rich administrative data from Chile and a regression discontinuity design in close electoral races, we study the impact of alignment on a broad set of crimes against the person and property-related. We show that aligned municipalities experience a significant reduction in crimes that both affect property and occur in public. As a potential mechanism, we find that aligned municipalities receive more projects to improve urban infrastructure, thus making public spaces less vulnerable to crime.
The impact of university attendance on partisanship
Authors: Apfeld Brendan , Coman Emanuel , Gerring John , Jessee Stephen 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSurvey research shows that those with university degrees are more left-liberal along a number of dimensions than their peers without higher education. There is even some evidence to suggest a growing social and political cleavage centered on educational attainment. Yet, claims about the liberalizing effect of universities on political ideology and partisan identification rest on observational evidence where many assumptions are required to reach causal inference. This may account for conflicting findings in published research.Here, we employ a fuzzy regression discontinuity design situated in Romania, where students who pass a national baccalaureate exam are uniquely qualified to enter university. We find that university attendance causes more liberal party preferences along the cultural dimension of party politics—though not along the economic or left-right dimensions of party conflict.
SUNGIR REVISITED: NEW DATA ON CHRONOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE KEY UPPER PALEOLITHIC SITE, CENTRAL RUSSIAN PLAIN
Authors: Kuzmin Yaroslav V , Boudin Mathieu , Wojcieszak Marine , Zazzo Antoine , van der Sluis Laura , Stulova Darya I , Gavrilov Konstantin N , Veselovskaya Elizaveta V , Vasilyev Sergey V 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTChronological and stratigraphic frameworks are of the utmost importance for Upper Paleolithic archaeology, physical anthropology, and ecology. Wide ranging radiocarbon (14C) dates were previously obtained for the Sungir burial complex in the central part of European Russia, which is well-known as the richest funeral Paleolithic assemblage in the world yet recorded. The major problem was the contamination caused by consolidants used during the recovery of human bones in the 1960s. The stratigraphy and spatial structure of the Sungir site were also not well understood previously. New radiocarbon and stable isotope data are generated for the Sungir burials. While some dates were younger due to incomplete removal of contamination, the XAD 14C age on S-1 burial (ca. 29,780 BP) was found to be statistically the same as the previously performed HYP 14C age for this burial (ca. 28,890 BP). Four animal bones found in cultural layer below the burial date to ca. 28,800–30,140 BP, suggesting that both this layer and human burials date to roughly this age range. Narrowing these ages further is difficult considering the larger errors of the 14C dates. This shows that future research attempting to 14C date material excavated many years ago needs to eliminate potential contamination from consolidants through analyses such as FTIR, prior to 14C dating. The chronology and stratigraphy of Sungir do not contradict to correlation of its lithic artifacts with the Streletskian assemblage as the East European variant of the Final Szeletian technocomplex (Early Upper Paleolithic).
DATING THACH LAC: CRYPTIC CaCO3 DIAGENESIS IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOOD SHELLS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR 14C
Authors: Petchey Fiona , Piper Phillip J , Dabell Kathleen , Brock Fiona , Turner Helen , Lam Thi My Dzung 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACTIn many locations around the world, shell radiocarbon dates underpin archaeological research. The dating of shell brings the chronological relationship between the sample and target event (e.g., hunting and food preparation) into congruence, while shells are valuable geochemical proxies for understanding past climate dynamics and environments. However, this information can be lost as the shell, composites of biopolymers and carbonate minerals (mostly calcite and or aragonite), undergo diagenetic alteration. While studies into Pleistocene-age carbonates are common in the radiocarbon literature, there has been little research into the impact of alteration on Holocene-age shells used to interpret recent societal developments. The limits of our understanding of these diagenetic changes became evident when dating Placuna placenta (naturally calcitic) and Tegillarca granosa (naturally aragonitic) shells from the site of Thach Lac in Vietnam. These shells returned ages significantly younger than associated charcoal and terrestrial bone at the site, but standard tests for secondary recrystallization (XRD and staining techniques) did not indicate any alteration. Further investigation revealed that cryptic recrystallization (i.e., of the same crystal structure) had occurred in both the calcite and aragonite shells. This finding suggests recrystallization may have an undetected impact on some shell radiocarbon dates.
Factors influencing quality of life in children with tracheostomy with emphasis on home care visits: a multi-centre investigation
Authors: Mirza B , Marouf A , Abi Sheffah F , Marghlani O , Heaphy J , Alherabi A , Zawawi F , Alnoury I , Al-Khatib T 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectiveOnly a few studies have assessed the quality of life in children with tracheostomies. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life and the factors influencing it in these children.MethodThis cross-sectional, two-centre study was conducted on paediatric patients living in the community with a tracheostomy by using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Clinical and demographic information of patients, as well as parents’ socioeconomic factors, were obtained.ResultsA total of 53 patients met our inclusion criteria, and their parents agreed to participate. The mean age of patients was 6.85 years, and 21 patients were ventilator-dependent. The total paediatric health-related quality of life score was 59.28, and the family impact score was 68.49. In non-ventilator-dependent patients, multivariate analyses indicated that social functioning and health-related quality of life were negatively affected by the duration of tracheostomy. The Quality of Life of ventilator-dependent patients was influenced by care visits and the presence of pulmonary co-morbidities.ConclusionChildren with tracheostomies have a lower quality of life than healthy children do. Routine care visits by a respiratory therapist and nurses yielded significantly improved quality of life in ventilator-dependent children.
Suicide among emergency service workers: a retrospective mortality study of national coronial data, 2001–2017
Authors: Petrie Katherine , Spittal Matthew , Zeritis Stephanie , Phillips Matthew , Deady Mark , Forbes David , Bryant Richard , Shand Fiona , Harvey Samuel B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundEmergency service workers (ESW) are known to be at increased risk of mental disorders but population-level and longitudinal data regarding their risk of suicide are lacking.MethodSuicide data for 2001–2017 were extracted from the Australian National Coronial Information Service (NCIS) for two occupational groups: ESW (ambulance personnel, fire-fighters and emergency workers, police officers) and individuals employed in all other occupations. Age-standardised suicide rates were calculated and risk of suicide compared using negative binomial regression modelling.Results13 800 suicide cases were identified among employed adults (20–69 years) over the study period. The age-standardised suicide rate across all ESW was 14.3 per 100 000 (95% CI 11.0–17.7) compared to 9.8 per 100 000 (95% CI 9.6–9.9) for other occupations. Significant occupational differences in the method of suicide were identified (p < 0.001). There was no evidence for increased risk of suicide among ESW compared to other occupations once age, gender and year of death were accounted for (RR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.84–1.17; p = 0.95). In contrast, there was a trend for ambulance personnel to be at elevated risk of suicide (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.00–2.00, p = 0.053).ConclusionWhilst age-standardised suicide rates among ESW are higher than other occupations, emergency service work was not independently associated with an increased risk of suicide, with the exception of an observed trend in ambulance personnel. Despite an increased focus on ESW mental health and wellbeing over the last two decades, there was no evidence that rates of suicide among ESW are changing over time.
Beetroot and spinach seed microbiomes can suppress Pythium ultimum infection: results from a large-scale screening
Authors: Diakaki Makrina , van der Heijden Liesbeth , Lopez-Reyes Jorge Giovanny , van Nieuwenhoven Anita , Notten Martje , Storcken Mirjam , Butterbach Patrick , Köhl Jürgen , de Boer Wietse , Postma Joeke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSeed health is an indispensable prerequisite of food security. While the toolkit of plant protection products is currently limited, evidence suggests that the seed microbiome could protect seeds from pathogens. Thus, given their possible disease suppressive potential, we tested 11 different pathosystems to achieve the following proof-of-concept: seed microbiomes can be beneficial for seed health through conferring disease suppression. This study focused on beetroot, onion, spinach, pepper, coriander, red fescue and perennial ryegrass seeds, with each crop being challenged with one or two from a total of six pathogens, namely Pythium ultimum (or a Pythium sp.), Setophoma terrestris, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Laetisaria fuciformis and a mix of Puccinia sp. isolates. Each seed lot of each crop was tested with and without treatment with a disinfectant as a proxy for comparing intact seed microbiomes with seed microbiomes after partial elimination by disinfection. We found disease suppression in two pathosystems. Beetroot and spinach seed lots were able to suppress disease caused by P. ultimum when their microbiomes were intact but not after seed disinfection. We speculate that this relates to the microorganisms residing on and in the seed. Yet, seed microbiome disease suppression was not found in all pathosystems, highlighting the variation in seed morphology, plant cultivars, pathogens and seed disinfection treatments. A holistic understanding of the characteristics of seeds that harbour suppressive microbiomes as well as the pathogens that are sensitive to suppression could lead to more targeted and informed seed processing and treatment and, consequently, to the sustainable management of seedling diseases.
School-based victimization in children and adolescents presenting for cognitive behavioural treatment of anxiety disorders
Authors: Hunt Caroline , Bussey Kay , Peters Lorna , Gaston Jonathan , Lo Alice , Rapee Ronald M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground:Peer victimization and anxiety frequently co-occur and result in adverse outcomes in youth. Cognitive behavioural treatment is effective for anxiety and may also decrease children’s vulnerability to victimization.Aims:This study aims to examine peer victimization in youth who have presented to clinical services seeking treatment for anxiety.Method:Following a retrospective review of clinical research data collected within a specialized service, peer victimization was examined in 261 children and adolescents (55.6% male, mean age 10.6 years, SD = 2.83, range 6–17 years) with a diagnosed anxiety disorder who presented for cognitive behavioural treatment. Youth and their parents completed assessments of victimization, friendships, anxiety symptoms, and externalizing problems.Results:High levels of victimization in this sample were reported. Children’s positive perceptions of their friendships were related to lower risk of relational victimization, while conduct problems were related to an increased risk of verbal and physical victimization. A subsample of these participants (n = 112, 57.1% male, mean age 10.9 years, SD = 2.89, range 6–17 years) had completed group-based cognitive behavioural treatment for their anxiety disorder. Treatment was associated with reductions in both self-reported anxiety and victimization. Results confirm the role of friendships and externalizing symptoms as factors associated with increased risk of victimization in youth with an anxiety disorder in a treatment-seeking sample.Conclusions:Treatment for anxiety, whether in a clinic or school setting, may provide one pathway to care for young people who are victimized, as well as playing a role in preventing or reducing victimization.
The impact of weather shocks on employment outcomes: evidence from South Africa
Authors: Brookes Gray Harriet , Taraz Vis , Halliday Simon D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractClimate change is increasing the frequency of extreme weather events, such as drought and heat waves. In this paper, we assess the impact of drought and high temperatures on the employment outcomes of working-age individuals in South Africa between 2008 and 2017. We merge high-resolution weather data with detailed individual-level survey data on labor market outcomes, and estimate causal impacts using a fixed effects framework. We find that increases in the occurrence of drought reduce overall employment. These effects are concentrated in the tertiary sector, amongst informal workers, and in provinces with a higher reliance on tourism. Taken together, our results suggest that the impacts of climate change will be felt unequally by South Africa's workers.
Would offering vegetables to children for breakfast increase their total daily vegetable intake?
Authors: McLeod Chris J , Haycraft Emma , Daley Amanda J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe consumption of vegetables is vitally important for children’s health and development. However, in many Westernised countries, most children do not eat sufficient quantities of vegetables and consume many energy-dense and high-sugar foods; a health behaviour associated with the onset of non-communicable diseases. To address this important public health concern, it is necessary to think ‘outside the box’ and consider innovative and pragmatic ways to increase children’s daily vegetable intake. In many countries, caregivers implementing best-practice child feeding methods typically offer children vegetables at lunch, dinner and for snacks. It is unusual for children to be routinely offered vegetables for breakfast, yet there is no nutritional, physiological or medical reason why vegetables should not be eaten at breakfast. Indeed, in some countries, children frequently consume vegetables for breakfast. Increasing children’s exposure to vegetables at breakfast from an early age would allow for the development of a positive association between eating vegetables and breakfast, thus providing another opportunity in the day where vegetables might be regularly consumed by children. In this paper, we propose a rationale for why vegetables should be routinely offered to young children at breakfast time in countries where this may not be the norm. Future research assessing the feasibility and acceptability of such a public health intervention would provide health policy agencies with evidence about a potentially effective and easily implementable approach for increasing children’s vegetable intake, thus improving their overall nutritional status, as well as their heath and development.
Charting Hinduism's rules of armed conflict: Indian sacred texts and international humanitarian law
Authors: Balkaran Raj , Dorn A. Walter 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhat does Hinduism have to say about the rules of armed conflict? How might Hinduism enrich the modern global discourse on international humanitarian law (IHL)? What convergences might be found, and what areas of divergence? This paper examines and contextualizes the rules of armed conflict advocated in classical Hindu texts, especially in the epic Mahābhārata, where important norms of Hinduism are established. It also examines the other major epic, the Rāmāyaṇa, and the Dharmaśāstras (Law Codes), as well as the Arthaśāstra, which takes an alternative (realpolitik) approach. This paper focuses on conduct during armed conflict (jus in bello), now synonymous for many with IHL, rather than considerations leading up to war (jus ad bellum). The paper seeks to illuminate both convergences and divergences with IHL and highlight particular Hindu approaches on the righteous (dharmic) application of violence. Like IHL, classical Hinduism values (1) proportionality of force during armed engagement; (2) the minimization of human suffering during combat; (3) care for survivors of war; (4) immunity towards non-combatants, especially civilians; and (5) balancing military necessity with humanity. With respect to divergences, classical Hinduism extols non-violence in ways that critique even the warrior's duty to engage in righteous war (dharma yuddha). In contrast to IHL, the Hindu epics have some different limitations; for instance, they limit the right to combat to a particular caste, the kṣatriyas, though this concept could be modernized to mean uniformed personnel of the State. The epics also disavow certain practices that are legal under IHL, such as ambushes and surprise attacks against legitimate targets. The Hindu proportionality provision goes beyond IHL by prescribing that only warriors of the same type should fight. With its many deeply ethical considerations, Hinduism enriches modern IHL through its heightened emphasis on fair and humane conduct in battle and its call towards compassion on behalf of both combatants and non-combatants.
Germination biology of liverseedgrass (Urochloa panicoides) and its response to postemergence herbicides in Australian conditions
Authors: Chauhan Bhagirath S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLiverseedgrass (Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv.) is one of the most important summer grass weed species in the eastern cropping system of Australia. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature, salt stress, water stress, burial depth, and sorghum crop residue load on germination and emergence of U. panicoides and the performance of postemergence herbicides on this weed species. The optimal germination temperature regimes for U. panicoides were 30/20 and 35/25 C (alternating day/night temperatures), but seeds also germinated at temperatures occurring in winter, spring, and autumn in Australia (15/5, 20/10, and 25/15 C). A concentration of 48 mM sodium chloride and −0.27 MPa osmotic potential inhibited germination of U. panicoides by 50%, indicating that this weed species is not salt and drought tolerant at germination. The maximum germination was obtained for the surface seeds; a burial depth of 1.9 cm inhibited emergence by 50%. No seedlings emerged from the 12-cm depth, but about 3% of seedlings emerged from the 8 cm depth. The addition of sorghum residue amounts up to 8,000 kg ha−1 to the soil surface stimulated U. panicoides’ emergence compared with the no-residue treatment, suggesting that conservation agriculture will promote the emergence of U. panicoides. Several postemergence herbicides were found to be effective in controlling this weed species, especially when applied at an early stage. Information obtained from this study will help to develop effective and sustainable control measures for U. panicoides and other weed species with similar germination requirements.