bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Seasonal Cycle of the Timor Throughflow: Impacts of Winds, Waves and Eddies
Authors: Peña‐Molino Beatriz , Sloyan Bernadette M. , Nikurashin Maxim , Richet Océane , Wijffels Susan E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans are connected via a complex system of currents known as the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). More than 30% of the variability in the ITF is linked to the seasonal cycle, influenced by the Monsoon winds. Despite previous efforts, a detailed knowledge of the ITF response to the components of the seasonal forcing is still lacking. Here, we describe the seasonal cycle of the ITF based on new observations of velocity and properties in Timor Passage, satellite altimetry and a high‐resolution regional model. These new observations reveal a complex mean and seasonally varying flow field. The amplitude of the seasonal cycle in volume transport is approximately 6 Sv. The timing of the seasonal cycle, with semi‐annual maxima (minima) in May and December (February and September), is controlled by the flow below 600 m associated with semi‐annual Kelvin waves. The transport of thermocline waters (<300 m) is less variable than the deep flow but larger in magnitude. This top layer is modulated remotely by cycles of divergence in the Banda Sea, and locally through Ekman transport, coastal upwelling, and non‐linearities of the flow. The latter manifests through the formation of eddies that reduce the throughflow during the Southeast Monsoon, when is expected to be maximum. While the reduction in transport associated with the eddies is small, its impact on heat transport is large. These non‐linear dynamics develop over small scales (<10 km), and without high enough resolution, both observations and models will fail to capture them adequately.
Microbially Induced Anaerobic Oxidation of Magnetite to Maghemite in a Hydrocarbon‐Contaminated Aquifer
Authors: Ohenhen Leonard O. , Feinberg Joshua M. , Slater Lee D. , Ntarlagiannis Dimitrios , Cozzarelli Isabelle M. , Rios‐Sanchez Miriam , Isaacson Carl W. , Stricker Alexis , Atekwana Estella A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIron mineral transformations occurring in hydrocarbon‐contaminated sites are linked to the biodegradation of the hydrocarbons. At a hydrocarbon‐contaminated site near Bemidji, Minnesota, USA, measurements of magnetic susceptibility (MS) are useful for monitoring the natural attenuation of hydrocarbons related to iron cycling. However, a transient MS, previously observed at the site, remains poorly understood and the iron mineral phases acting as reactants and products associated with this MS perturbation remain largely unknown. To address these unknowns, we acquired mineral magnetism measurements, including hysteresis loops, backfield curves, and isothermal remanent magnetizations on sediment core samples retrieved from the site and magnetite‐filled mineral packets installed within the aquifer. Our data show that the core samples and magnetite packs display decreasing magnetization with time and that this loss in magnetization is accompanied by increasing bulk coercivity consistent with decreased average grain size and/or partial oxidation. Low‐temperature magnetometry on all samples displayed behavior consistent with magnetite, but samples within the plume also show evidence of maghemitization. This interpretation is supported by the occurrence of shrinkage cracks on the surface of the grains imaged via scanning electron microscopy. Magnetite transformation to maghemite typically occurs under oxic conditions, here, we propose that maghemitization occurs within the anoxic portions of the plume via microbially mediated anaerobic oxidation. Mineral dissolution also occurs within the plume. Microorganisms capable of such anaerobic oxidation have been identified within other areas at the Bemidji site, but additional microbiological studies are needed to link specific anaerobic iron oxidizers with this loss of magnetization.
Root Foraging Alters Global Patterns of Ecosystem Legacy From Climate Perturbations
Authors: Berkelhammer M. , Drewniak B. , Ahlswede B. , Gonzalez‐Meler M. A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate perturbations typically persist longer than the timescale of the forcing, a phenomenon broadly referred to as legacy. Understanding the strength of legacy is critical for predicting ecosystem sensitivity to climate extremes and the extent that persistent changes in surface‐atmosphere exchange might feedback onto climate. The cause of ecosystem legacy has been associated with myriad factors such as changes in aboveground biomass, however, few studies have tested how changes in the depth distribution of fine roots in response to perturbation might alter an ecosystem's recovery time. We explore this question using an Earth System Model that includes a dynamic root module where vegetation can forage for water and nutrients by altering their root profiles. The global simulations presented here show that in response to water stress events most ecosystems deepen their root profiles. In semi‐arid ecosystems, this response expedites recovery (i.e., less legacy) relative to simulations without dynamics roots because access to deeper water pools after the initial event remains favorable. In wetter ecosystems, the development of deeper root profiles slows down the recovery timescale (i.e., more legacy) because the deeper root profile reduces access to nutrients and is thus unfavorable. The simulations show that while the inclusion of dynamic roots might only minimally affect global patterns of Gross Primary Productivity and Evapotranspiration, the shift in root profile alters the timescale of recovery. Studies interested in the sustained response of land surfaces fluxes to climate disturbances should consider models that include dynamic root capability.
Deciphering the Cenozoic Exhumation History of the Eastern Pyrenees Along a Crustal‐Scale Normal Fault Using Low‐Temperature Thermochronology
Authors: Milesi G. , Monié P. , Soliva R. , Münch P. , Valla P. G. , Brichau S. , Bonno M. , Martin C. , Bellanger M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe timing of transition between the contractional and extensional regimes along the Pyrenean range remains debated. Compared to its central and western parts, the eastern part of the chain was significantly affected by extensional tectonics mostly related to the opening of the Gulf of Lion. The Têt normal fault is the best example of this tectonic activity, with topographic reliefs above 2,000 m in its footwall. In this study, we synthetized previous thermochronological data and performed new (U‐Th)/He and fission track dating in the Eastern Pyrenean massifs. Output apparent exhumation rate and thermal modeling in the hanging wall of the Têt fault highlight a rapid exhumation (0.48 km/Ma) and cooling (∼30°C/Ma) phase between 38 and 35 Ma, followed by slower exhumation/cooling afterward. In the footwall, cooling subsequently propagated westward along the fault during Priabonian (35–32 Ma), upper Oligocene and lower Miocene (26–19 Ma), and Serravallian‐Tortonian times (12–9 Ma). These data and modeling outcomes suggest that the exhumation of the Têt fault hanging wall related to southward thrusting ended at 35 Ma, and was followed by different extensional stages, with a propagation of the deformation toward the West during the upper Miocene. We propose that the onset of extension in the Eastern Pyrenees occurred during the late Priabonian period, contemporaneously with the large‐scale rifting episode recorded in Western Europe. After this event, the Têt fault activity and the westward propagation of the deformation appear mainly controlled by the opening of the Gulf of Lion.
Local Time Variations of the Equatorial Electrojet in Simultaneous Response to Subauroral Polarization Streams During Quiet Time
Authors: Zhang Kedeng , Wang Hui , Wang Wenbin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBased on 1‐year equatorial electrojet (EEJ) measurements from Swarm, and ion velocity from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, this study first examines the simultaneous effects of the subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) on EEJ during quiet time. The changes in EEJ (ΔEEJ) vary significantly with local time. ΔEEJ flows westward at dawn and is gradually enhanced to eastward at dusk. The eastward ΔEEJ at post‐noon might be driven indirectly by the upward electric field associated with SAPS electric field at SAPS channel, whereas ΔEEJ at pre‐noon might be directly attributed to the penetrating SAPS‐related polarization electric field. Under stronger geomagnetic forcing, a stronger intensity of westward ΔEEJ at dawn and noon is produced, whereas a stronger eastward ΔEEJ at dusk is generated because of a faster SAPS velocity.
The Formation of Coastal Turbidity Maximum by Tidal Pumping in Well‐Mixed Inner Shelves
Authors: Du Zhiyun , Yu Qian , Peng Yun , Wang Li , Lin Hangjie , Wang Yunwei , Gao Shu 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCoastal turbidity maxima (CTMs) have been recognized on open coastal seas with elevated suspended sediment concentrations. Tidal pumping is often considered the major contributor to turbidity maxima in well‐mixed estuaries. However, its role in CTM formation on well‐mixed coasts remains unclear. Here, we propose a two‐dimensional depth‐averaged analytical model to explore residual sediment transport influenced by interactions between cross‐shore and along‐shore tidal currents. Observation data collected on the well‐mixed central Jiangsu coast (southern Yellow Sea), China, are analyzed by the model. The results display a persistent CTM close to the shore and show that the large along‐shore tidal velocity strongly influences the cross‐shore tidal pumping flux. The model calculation presents landward tidal pumping flux under horizontally homogeneous bed sediment distribution, illustrating the dominant role of tidal pumping in CTM formation within well‐mixed coastal water bodies. The model suggests that the significance of alongshore tidal current to cross‐shore sediment transport should be addressed in similar coastal environments.
The impact of educational attainment, intelligence and intellectual disability on schizophrenia: a Swedish population-based register and genetic study
Authors: Song Jie , Yao Shuyang , Kowalec Kaarina , Lu Yi , Sariaslan Amir , Szatkiewicz Jin P. , Larsson Henrik , Lichtenstein Paul , Hultman Christina M. , Sullivan Patrick F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) is highly heterogenous and no subtypes characterizing treatment response or longitudinal course well. Cognitive impairment is a core clinical feature of SCZ and a determinant of poorer outcome. Genetic overlap between SCZ and cognitive traits is complex, with limited studies of comprehensive epidemiological and genomic evidence. To examine the relation between SCZ and three cognitive traits, educational attainment (EDU), premorbid cognitive ability, and intellectual disability (ID), we used two Swedish samples: a national cohort (14,230 SCZ cases and 3,816,264 controls) and a subsample with comprehensive genetic data (4992 cases and 6009 controls). Population-based analyses confirmed worse cognition as a risk factor for SCZ, and the pedigree and SNP-based genetic correlations were comparable. In the genotyped cases, those with high EDU and premorbid cognitive ability tended to have higher polygenetic risk scores (PRS) of EDU and intelligence and fewer rare exonic variants. Finally, by applying an empirical clustering method, we dissected SCZ cases into four replicable subgroups characterized by EDU and ID. In particular, the subgroup with higher EDU in the national cohort had fewer adverse outcomes including long hospitalization and death. In the genotyped subsample, this subgroup had higher PRS of EDU and no excess of rare genetic burdens than controls. In conclusion, we found extensive evidence of a robust relation between cognitive traits and SCZ, underscoring the importance of cognition in dissecting the heterogeneity of SCZ.
Effect of long-term paired associative stimulation on the modulation of cortical sensorimotor oscillations after spinal cord injury
Authors: Vanhanen Jukka , Parkkonen Lauri , Mäkelä Jyrki P. , Tolmacheva Alexandra , Shulga Anastasia , Rodionov Andrey , Kirveskari Erika 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Study design
A prospective interventional case series.

Objectives
To explore changes in the modulation of cortical sensorimotor oscillations after long-term paired associative stimulation (PAS) in participants with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting
BioMag Laboratory, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Methods
Five patients with chronic incomplete SCI received unilateral spinal PAS to upper limb for 16–22 days. Changes in the modulation of sensorimotor oscillations in response to tactile stimulus and active and imaginary hand movements were assessed with magnetoencephalography recorded before and after the intervention.

Results
PAS restored the modulation of sensorimotor oscillations in response to active hand movement in four patients, whereas the modulation following tactile stimulation remained unaltered. The observed change was larger in the hemisphere that received PAS and preceded the clinical effect of the intervention.

Conclusions
Long-term spinal PAS treatment, which enhances the motor functions of SCI patients, also restores the modulation of cortical sensorimotor oscillations.
Improvement of episodic memory retention by a memory reactivation intervention across the lifespan: from younger adults to amnesic patients
Authors: Fernández Rodrigo S. , Picco Soledad , Beron Juan Cruz , Bavassi Luz , Campos Jorge , Allegri Ricardo F. , Pedreira María E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpontaneous reactivation of recently acquired memories is a fundamental mechanism of memory stabilization. Re-exposure to specific learned cues during sleep or awake states, namely targeted memory reactivation, has been shown to improve memory retention at long delays. Manipulation of memory reactivation could have potential clinical value in populations with memory deficits or cognitive decline. However, no previous study investigated a target memory reactivation approach on those populations. Here we tested the hypothesis that a reactivation-based intervention would improve episodic memory performance in healthy adults and amnestic patients. On Day 1, young adults, old adults and amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment patients (n = 150) learned face-name pairs and 24 h later either received a reactivation intervention or a reactivation control (Day 2). On Day 3, associative and item memory were assessed. A robust Bayesian Generalized Mixed Model was implemented to estimate intervention effects on groups. Groups that underwent the reactivation-based intervention showed improved associative memory retention. Notably, amnestic patients benefited more from the intervention as they also had better item memory retention than controls. These findings support memory reactivation as stabilization and strengthening mechanism irrespectively of age and cognitive status, and provides proof-of-concept evidence that reactivation-based interventions could be implemented in the treatment and rehabilitation of populations with memory deficits.
Combining adoptive NK cell infusion with a dopamine-releasing peptide reduces senescent cells in aged mice
Authors: Bai Zongke , Yang Peiwei , Yu Fan , Li Zhong , Yao Zheng , Martinez Jean , Li Mengwei , Xu Hanmei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAging inducing the development of senescent cells (SNCs) in various tissues is considered as the main cause of the age-related diseases. Senotherapy has become a promising anti-aging therapy. However, the effectivity and side-effect of senolytic agents are still concern. Here, we observed the downregulation of senescence-related genes by adoptive infusion of natural killer (NK) cells in 26 cases in peripheral blood CD3+ T cells. NK cell treatment also significantly decreased levels of senescence markers and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) in three senescent adipose tissues when culturing them together. Interestingly, cytotoxic activity of mouse NK cells against SNCs was significantly enhanced by dopamine in vitro through D1-like receptors. Acein, dopamine-releasing peptide, promoted the adoptive infusion of NK cells in effectively eliminating SNCs in a variety of tissues and reduced local and systemic SASPs in aging mice but Acein alone did not have the senolytic effect. These data demonstrated that adoptive infusion of NK cells is an effective means in removing SNCs, and peptide Acein combined with NK cells further enhances this effect in aging mice.
IL-37 isoform D acts as an inhibitor of soluble ST2 to boost type 2 immune homeostasis in white adipose tissue
Authors: Li Chaoze , Zhao Mingsheng , Zhao Ming , Chen Nuo , Guo Yaxin , Du Yingxin , Zhang Yi , Cao Baihui , Zhan Bing , Guo Chun , Li Yuan , Li Yan , Shi Yongyu , Zhu Faliang , Zhang Lining , Wang Qun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWhite adipose tissue (WAT) homeostasis substantiated by type 2 immunity is indispensable to counteract obesity and metabolic disorders. IL-33/suppression of tumorigenicity (ST) 2 signaling promotes type 2 response in WAT, while potential regulators remain to be discovered. We identified human IL-37 isoform D (IL-37D) as an effective trigger for ST2-mediated type 2 immune homeostasis in WAT. IL-37D transgene amplified ST2+ immune cells, promoted M2 macrophage polarization and type 2 cytokine secretion in WAT that mediate beiging and inflammation resolution, thereby increasing energy expenditure, reducing obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Mechanistically, either endogenous or exogenous IL-37D inhibited soluble ST2 (sST2) production from WAT challenged with HFD or TNF-α. Recombinant sST2 impaired the beneficial effects of IL-37D transgene in HFD-fed mice, characterized by damaged weight loss, insulin action, and type 2 cytokine secretion from WAT. In adipose-derived stem cells, IL-37D inhibited TNF-α-stimulated sST2 expression through IL-1 receptor 8 (IL-1R8)-dependent NF-κB inactivation. Collectively, human IL-37D suppresses sST2 to boost type 2 immune homeostasis in WAT, which may be a promising therapy target for obesity and metabolic disorders.
JAC1 targets YY1 mediated JWA/p38 MAPK signaling to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in TNBC
Authors: Zhai Zurong , Ren Yanlin , Shu Chuanjun , Chen Dongyin , Liu Xia , Liang Yan , Li Aiping , Zhou Jianwei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer with poor prognosis, and has no ideal therapeutic target and ideal medicine. Downregulation of JWA is closely related to the poor overall survival in many cancers including TNBC. In this study, we reported at the first time that JWA gene activating compound 1 (JAC1) inhibited the proliferation of TNBC in vitro and in vivo experimental models. JAC1 specifically bound to YY1 and eliminated its transcriptional inhibition of JWA gene. The rescued JWA induced G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in TNBC cells through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. JAC1 also promoted ubiquitination and degradation of YY1. In addition, JAC1 disrupted the interaction between YY1 and HSF1, and suppressed the oncogenic role of HSF1 in TNBC through p-Akt signaling pathway. In conclusion, JAC1 suppressed the proliferation of TNBC through the JWA/P38 MAPK signaling and YY1/HSF1/p-Akt signaling. JAC1 maybe a potential therapeutic agent for TNBC.
Rapid screening of TCR-pMHC interactions by the YAMTAD system
Authors: Wang Lihui , Lan Xun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPersonalized immunotherapy, such as cancer vaccine and TCR-T methods, demands rapid screening of TCR-pMHC interactions. While several screening approaches have been developed, their throughput is limited. Here, the Yeast Agglutination Mediated TCR antigen Discovery system (YAMTAD) was designed and demonstrated to allow fast and unbiased library-on-library screening of TCR-pMHC interactions. Our proof-of-principle study achieved high sensitivity and specificity in identifying antigens for a given TCR and identifying TCRs recognizing a given pMHC for modest library sizes. Finally, the enrichment of high-affinity TCR-pMHC interactions by YAMTAD in library-on-library screening was demonstrated. Given the high throughput (106–108 × 106–108 in theory) and simplicity (identifying TCR-pMHC interactions without purification of TCR and pMHC) of YAMTAD, this study provides a rapid but effective platform for TCR-pMHC interaction screening, with valuable applications in future personalized immunotherapy.
Progenitor species hold untapped diversity for potential climate-responsive traits for use in wheat breeding and crop improvement
Authors: Leigh Fiona J. , Wright Tally I. C. , Horsnell Richard A. , Dyer Sarah , Bentley Alison R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractClimate change will have numerous impacts on crop production worldwide necessitating a broadening of the germplasm base required to source and incorporate novel traits. Major variation exists in crop progenitor species for seasonal adaptation, photosynthetic characteristics, and root system architecture. Wheat is crucial for securing future food and nutrition security and its evolutionary history and progenitor diversity offer opportunities to mine favourable functional variation in the primary gene pool. Here we provide a review of the status of characterisation of wheat progenitor variation and the potential to use this knowledge to inform the use of variation in other cereal crops. Although significant knowledge of progenitor variation has been generated, we make recommendations for further work required to systematically characterise underlying genetics and physiological mechanisms and propose steps for effective use in breeding. This will enable targeted exploitation of useful variation, supported by the growing portfolio of genomics and accelerated breeding approaches. The knowledge and approaches generated are also likely to be useful across wider crop improvement.
Male esthetic genital surgery: recommendations and gaps to be filled
Authors: Bettocchi Carlo , Checchia Andrea Alberto , Falagario Ugo Giovanni , Ricapito Anna , Busetto Gian Maria , Cormio Luigi , Carrieri Giuseppe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe reason behind the spread of penis enlargement practices over time is rooted in the virility that the appearance of the genitals can give a man, as well as an altered perception of his own body. The approach should be to modulate the interventions on the real needs of patients, carefully evaluating the history, the psychological picture, and possible surgical advantages. The aim of this study was to shed light on cosmetic surgery of male genitalia through minimally invasive and more radical techniques, with the purpose of laying the foundation for possible indications and recommendations for the future. A non-systematic literature review using the PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted to retrieve papers written in English on cosmetic surgery of the penis published over the past 15 years. Papers discussing cosmetic surgery in patients with concomitant pathologies associated with sexual dysfunction were excluded. The main outcomes recorded were change in penile dimensions in term of length and girth and surgical complications.