bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer-to-Peer Lending: a Growth-Collapse Model and its Steady-State Analysis
Authors: Boxma Onno , Perry David , Stadje Wolfgang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe present a stochastic growth-collapse model for the capital process of a peer-to-peer lending platform. New lenders arrive according to a compound Poisson-type process with a state-dependent intensity function; the growth of the lending capital is from time to time interrupted by partial collapses whose arrival intensities and sizes are also state-dependent. In our model the capital level administered via the platform is the crucial quantity for the generated profit, because the brokerage fee is a fixed (small) fraction of it. Therefore we study its steady-state probability distribution as a key performance measure. In the case of exponentially distributed upward jumps we derive an explicit expression for its probability density, for quite general arrival rates of upward and downward jumps and for certain collapse mechanisms. In the case of generally distributed upward jumps, we derive an explicit expression for the Laplace transform of the steady-state cash level density in various special cases. An alternative model featuring up and down periods and a shot noise mechanism for the downward evolution is also analyzed in steady state.
The minimum description length principle for pattern mining: a survey
Authors: Galbrun Esther 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMining patterns is a core task in data analysis and, beyond issues of efficient enumeration, the selection of patterns constitutes a major challenge. The Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle, a model selection method grounded in information theory, has been applied to pattern mining with the aim to obtain compact high-quality sets of patterns. After giving an outline of relevant concepts from information theory and coding, we review MDL-based methods for mining different kinds of patterns from various types of data. Finally, we open a discussion on some issues regarding these methods.
Living with COVID-19: Subjective Well-Being in the Second Phase of the Pandemic
Authors: Henseke Golo , Green Francis , Schoon Ingrid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhile there is ample evidence of the decline in mental health among youth during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, less is known about the determinants of recovery, which is the focus of this study. Drawing on a stress process framework, this study examines the associations of changes in direct, pandemic-related, and indirect, lockdown-related stressors with life satisfaction. A novel representative, longitudinal sample of British 16–25-year-olds is used, drawing on 6 data collections between February 2021 to May 2022 (N = 6000, 51% female, 24% ethnic minority, 46% in work, 35% with higher education). Using linear fixed-effects regression models, the findings suggest a substantial improvement in life satisfaction among youth. An increasing frequency of social contacts, receding worries about career prospects and job skills learning contributed significantly to increases in life satisfaction, whereas direct, health-related COVID-19 stressors did not affect life satisfaction. Sub-group analysis suggests that women’s, adolescents’, and students’ life satisfaction responded more strongly to the stressors considered in this study. The findings highlight the positive effects of less stringent lockdown restrictions, economic recovery, and opportunities for job skills learning on youth’s happiness.
Fifty-year change in air pollution in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Authors: Lee Chiu-Hsuan , Brimblecombe Peter , Lee Chon-Lin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe change in air quality in cities can be the product of regulation and emissions. Regulations require enforcement of emission reduction, but it is often shifting economic and societal structures that influence pollutant emissions. This study examines the long-term record of air pollutants in Kaohsiung, where post-war industrialisation increased pollution substantially, although improvements are observed in recent decades as the city moved to a more mixed economy. The study tracks both gases and particles across a period of significant change in pollution sources in the city. Concentrations of SO2 and aerosol SO42− were especially high ~1970, but these gradually declined, although SO42− to a lesser extent than its precursor, SO2. While twenty-first century emissions of SO2 and NOx have declined, this has been less so for NH3, because it arises from predominantly agricultural sources. The atmosphere in Kaohsiung continues to have high concentrations of O3, and these have risen in the city, likely a product of less titration by NO. The changes have meant that ozone has become an increasing threat to health and agriculture. Despite a potential for producing (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 aerosols, a product of a relatively constant supply of NH3, visibility has improved in recent years. Emissions of SO2 and NOx should continue to be reduced, as these strongly affect the amount of fine secondary aerosol. However, the key problem may be ozone, which is difficult to control as it requires careful consideration of the balance of NOx and hydrocarbons so important to its production.
A framework for implementing antibiotic stewardship in ambulatory care: Lessons learned from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Safety Program for Improving Antibiotic Use
Authors: Keller Sara C. , Cosgrove Sara E. , Miller Melissa A. , Tamma Pranita 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Antibiotic overuse is common in ambulatory care settings, underscoring the importance of outpatient antibiotic stewardship to ensure safe and effective antibiotic prescription. In response to this need, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) developed the AHRQ Safety Program for Improving Antibiotic Use in Ambulatory Care. The Safety Program successfully assisted 389 outpatient practices across the United States to establish ambulatory antibiotic stewardship. Herein, we have used lessons learned from the AHRQ Safety Program to describe a step-by-step framework to assist practices with establishing antibiotic stewardship in the outpatient setting. Steps include obtaining support from practice leadership; establishing an antibiotic stewardship team; garnering support from practice members; determining how to access antibiotic prescribing data; building communication skills around antibiotic use in the practice; implementing educational content around an infectious syndrome; monitoring antibiotic prescription data; and implementing a sustainability plan.
Who nudges whom? Expert opinions on behavioural field experiments with public partners
Authors: Fels Katja Marie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractField experiments which test the application of behavioural insights to policy design have become popular to inform policy decisions. This study is the first to empirically examine who and what drives these experiments with public partners. Through a mixed-methods approach, based on a novel dataset of insights from academic researchers, behavioural insight team members and public servants, I derive three main results: First, public bodies have a considerable influence on study set-up and sample design. Second, high scientific standards are regularly not met in cooperative field experiments, mainly due to risk aversion in the public body. Third, transparency and quality control in collaborative research are low with respect to pre-analysis plans, the publication of results and medium or long-term effects. To remedy the current weaknesses, the study sketches out several promising ways forward, such as setting up a matchmaking platform for researchers and public bodies to facilitate cooperation, and using time-embargoed pre-analysis plans.
Women’s Political Leadership: One Question and Two DivergentFatwās
Authors: Yakar Emine Enise 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWomen’s political leadership is one of the abiding controversial issues among Muslim scholars. The question of whether a Muslim woman can lead in her country is generally answered negatively by Muslim scholars, but some modern scholars explicitly support women’s political leadership without any restriction. Where the scholars stand on the issue is influenced by their social context. With the intent of examining the interaction between social context and Islamic legal methodologies infatwās—Isalmic legal opinions—related to women, the author discusses as exemplary texts thefatwāsissued by two well-known religious institutions, the Dār al-Iftā’ in Saudi Arabia and the Diyanet in Turkey. The institutions function in different social contexts: Saudi Arabia is a theocratic monarchy that applies Islamic law; Turkey is a democratic country whose legal system is based on a secular law. Through a detailed analysis of the spatio-temporalfatwāsregarding women’s political leadership, the author provides insight into the influence of contextual elements during the process of issuingfatwās, suggesting that these differences of opinion among Muslim scholars and religious institutions will continue.
“The Manifest Distinction Established by Our Holy Religion”: Church, State and the Consecration of Samuel Seabury
Authors: Sirota Brent 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe consecration of Samuel Seabury as bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Connecticut in November 1784 is typically taken to mark the threshold that divides the magisterial pretensions of the old-world confessional state from the pluralism of the new-world denominational order. In such accounts, a chastened Anglicanism reluctantly sacrificed its royalism and claims to establishment in acquiescence to the pluralistic religious ecology of the republican United States. The Church of England, in this telling, possessed no native conception of the separation of church and state. The Americanization of Anglicanism, therefore, entailed the acceptance of ecclesiological premises foreign and inimical to its tradition—stemming largely from the intellectual world of the enlightenment and Protestant nonconformity. Such a narrative of denominational beginnings, this article demonstrates, fails to grapple seriously with the strain of antiestablishmentarian thought within Anglicanism itself. The separation of church and state necessarily implicated in Seabury's securing of “a free, valid and purely Ecclesiastical Episcopacy” was neither an alien imposition nor a mere epiphenomenon of American religious liberty. The catholic tendency in Anglicanism had long developed its own conception of ecclesiastical independence, which rejected both state superintendence as well as religious voluntarism. The consecration of Samuel Seabury, this article argues, was secured and defended in an Atlantic milieu characterized by this dual-sided antipathy. By setting the events and controversies surrounding the Seabury consecration back into this broader Atlantic milieu, we will glean a clearer sense of the imperative of ecclesial separateness and distinctiveness that characterized American Episcopalianism in the early republic. American Episcopalianism in the nineteenth century, particularly that of the high church tendency, was remarkably free of the establishmentarian and political impulses of other denominations because it was founded in explicit rejection of them.
On birationally trivial families and adjoint quadrics
Authors: Cesarano Luca , Rizzi Luca , Zucconi Francesco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLet $\pi \colon \mathcal {X}\to B$ be a family whose general fibre $X_b$ is a $(d_1,\,\ldots,\,d_a)$-polarization on a general abelian variety, where $1\leq d_i\leq 2$, $i=1,\,\ldots,\,a$ and $a\geq 4$. We show that the fibres are in the same birational class if all the $(m,\,0)$-forms on $X_b$ are liftable to $(m,\,0)$-forms on $\mathcal {X}$, where $m=1$ and $m=a-1$. Actually, we show a general criteria to establish whether the fibres of certain families belong to the same birational class.
Confessionalism, Centralism, Armenians, and Ottoman Imperial Governance in the 18th and 19th Centuries
Authors: Antaramian Richard 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article argues that non-Muslim engagement with 19th-century Ottoman reform should be understood in the context of a confessionalized politics that originally fostered partnerships of governance in the 18th century. The confessionalization of non-Muslim communities in the 18th century, which resulted in the political empowerment of Istanbul-based ethnarchs, promoted the establishment of robust communal boundaries that were more legible to the central state. These arrangements also made non-Muslim communities such as the Armenians partners in governance, responsible for supporting the state's effort to maintain its place atop a contentious imperial politics. The Tanzimat reforms, which reorganized non-Muslim communities and devolved some power from the clergy to the laity, were not a novelty, but instead a renegotiation of non-Muslims’ roles in the centralization of state. Rather than embrace secularized identities, non-Muslims enthusiastically used their own religious institutions to promote state centralization. In the process, they reconfigured relations of power in the region that left non-Muslims structurally marginalized.
Deconstructing the heterogeneity of alcohol use disorder: lifetime comorbid non-alcohol substance use disorder as a distinct behavioral phenotype?
Authors: Farmer Richard F. , Seeley John R. , Kosty Derek B. , Gau Jeff M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is an etiologically and clinically heterogeneous condition. Accumulating evidence suggests that persons with lifetime histories of comorbid AUD and non-alcohol substance use disorder (DRUG) constitute an important subgroup of AUD. This study evaluated the distinctiveness of the comorbid AUD/DRUG behavioral phenotype in a community sample with respect to risk factors, AUD course features, and outcome variables assessed at age 30. Contrast groups included persons with histories of AUD only, DRUG only, and neither AUD nor DRUG.MethodsThis research utilized a prospective study design with an age-based cohort (n = 732). Participants completed four comprehensive diagnostic evaluations during the high-risk periods of adolescence, emerging adulthood, and young adulthood.ResultsThe comorbid AUD/DRUG group was distinguished from the AUD only group by risk factors, AUD course features, and outcomes. Group differences in outcomes were also explained by overall substance use disorder (SUD) severity. Persons with AUD/DRUG comorbidity were indistinguishable from those with DRUG only histories with respect to risk factors and outcomes but demonstrated greater overall SUD severity. Persons with AUD only were indistinguishable from those with neither AUD nor DRUG histories in risk factor endorsements and were mostly similar in outcomes.ConclusionsFindings collectively suggest that young adults with histories of AUD only and those with comorbid AUD/DRUG are drawn from dissimilar populations. Similarities between the AUD only group with those absent AUD or DRUG histories are likely related to the former group's developmentally limited AUD course accompanied by relatively few or short-lived alcohol-related problems.
From Corporations to Companies: The Development of Capitalism in Maritime Cargo Handling in the Port of Barcelona (ca. 1760–1873)
Authors: Ibarz Jordi , von Briesen Brendan J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor centuries, the maritime cargo passing through the port of Barcelona was handled by the men of a half-dozen guilds. Collectively, these ancient corporations enjoyed monopolistic privileges over the various types of cargo and areas of operation—in the shallow harbor, to and from the Customs House, and throughout the city and beyond. At the end of the eighteenth century, the advances of economic and political liberalism began to question, challenge, and eventually dismantle the guild structure: a process that came to fruition in the early nineteenth century with the abolition of most guilds throughout Spain. However, some of the cargo-handling guilds had been defended by the Navy against abolition until the second half of the nineteenth century, when their orderly world collapsed into competitive companies able to hire men of their choosing (former guildsmen or otherwise). In this article, we look at the harbor-based guilds and the process by which guildsmen became the unorganized workers and capitalistic directors of the new dockworker companies. We offer a vision of the transformation of the guild system into a private system for organizing the labor of maritime-cargo handling. In this account, we examine technological changes in the means of production, changes in the organization of labor, the appearance of a new capitalist class in the sub-sector, and the rise of a capitalist mode of production based on the proletarianization of cargo handling.
Unpacking second language writing teacher knowledge through corpus-based pedagogy training
Authors: Schmidt Nicole 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCorpus-based language teaching is one area of second language (L2) pedagogy in which L2 teachers may benefit from extensive guidance on how to integrate digital tools into pedagogical practices. Direct corpus approaches like data-driven learning (DDL) cultivate learner engagement and language discovery. However, second language writing (SLW) teachers face significant challenges using corpora in the classroom, and these challenges often go unaddressed in language teacher education, particularly for in-service teachers. This paper reports on a case study in which six university SLW teachers participated in an online corpus-based pedagogy workshop. Teachers developed DDL activity plans and wrote in reflective diaries. The analysis of these artifacts shows that the teachers tended to follow one of two paths toward knowledge integration, as either Planners or Seekers, when implementing corpus activities in their classrooms. The teachers also reported increased confidence in applying direct corpus methods to their lessons by the end of the workshops, though they expressed the need for continued, long-term support.
Tall fescue interseeding and postemergence herbicides for false-green kyllinga (Kyllinga gracillima) control in turfgrass
Authors: Elmore Matthew T. , Tuck Daniel P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFalse-green kyllinga is a problematic C4 perennial Cyperaceae species. Previous research examined herbicide efficacy but has not integrated nonchemical practices with herbicides. Replicate field experiments were conducted to evaluate late-summer postemergence applications of herbicides in combination with turf-type tall fescue interseeding for false-green kyllinga control. Seven herbicide treatments and a nontreated control formed a complete factorial, with tall fescue interseeding or no seeding (eight-by-two factorial). Six herbicide treatments consisted of single postemergence applications of halosulfuron-methyl (70 g ha–1), imazosulfuron (420 g ha–1), and sulfentrazone + carfentrazone (280 + 30 g ha–1) applied 4 wk before tall fescue interseeding (WBS) and the day of interseeding. Glyphosate (220 g ae ha–1) applied the day of interseeding was the seventh herbicide treatment. Tall fescue was interseeded in September, and false-green kyllinga control was evaluated the following summer. In combination with tall fescue interseeding, imazosulfuron and halosulfuron applied 4 WBS as well as glyphosate applied the day of interseeding controlled false-green kyllinga better than all other treatments. In July, imazosulfuron and halosulfuron treatments applied 4 WBS and combined with interseeding had 1% to 6% false-green kyllinga cover, respectively, compared to 28% and 62% cover, respectively, without interseeding. Interseeding alone controlled false-green kyllinga <50%. Imazosulfuron, halosulfuron, and sulfentrazone + carfentrazone applied the day of seeding severely injured emerging tall fescue seedlings and reduced turfgrass quality the following spring. Applying imazosulfuron or halosulfuron in late summer and interseeding turf-type tall fescue 4 wk later or applying glyphosate the day of seeding are effective strategies for postemergence false-green kyllinga control. Integrating herbicides and the cultural practice of tall fescue interseeding provided more false-green kyllinga control than either practice alone.
Extent and Magnitude of Subsurface Anomalies During the Northeast Pacific Blob as Measured by Animal‐Borne Sensors
Authors: Holser Rachel R. , Keates Theresa R. , Costa Daniel P. , Edwards Christopher A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged warm water events that are increasing in frequency and magnitude due to rising global temperatures. The Northeast Pacific Blob was an unusually widespread MHW that affected ecosystems across the Northeast Pacific, from producers to top predators. Temperature and salinity data collected by northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) from 2014 to 2017 show significant (>2 sd) warm anomalies throughout the top 1,000 m of the water column, with peak warming in late 2015. Using temperature and salinity as a tracer of layers of constant density, we looked at how lateral advection may have contributed to the development of the Blob. Temperature and salinity anomalies and the expansion of the water column at the base of the pycnocline both indicate that northward advection of warm, salty water played an important role in the observed accumulation of warm water, in addition to surface warming. These findings contribute to our understanding of the physical dynamics of the Blob, especially the thermal content and structure of the water column, and offer mechanisms for its formation and maintenance, which are crucial to assessing the ecological effects of MHWs now and in the future.
Moisture Modes of Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillations—High Order and Anti‐Symmetric Solutions
Authors: Wang Shuguang , Tan Zhe‐Min , Wu Zhaohua , Fang Juan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation are fundamental climate modes in the tropical atmosphere on the intraseasonal time scales. A recent study developed a linear moisture mode theory for unified treatment of these intraseasonal oscillations under different meridional moisture gradients. Using scaled Hermite polynomials as the basis for the meridional structure, it is shown that the system has infinite number of normal modes under the same parameter values, as n → ∞. The v = 0 and n = 1 analyzed in the previous study are two special cases. These moisture modes are non‐orthogonal. The idealized MJO solutions derived using the parameters in the boreal winter conditions bear similar meridional structure for planetary scale waves in the Earth‐like atmosphere, unlike the higher order solutions (which are often considered unrealistic) in the classical tropical waves theory. The solutions include both symmetric and anti‐symmetric modes. The symmetric modes are analogous to the Kelvin‐Rossby wave paradigm of the MJO. The anti‐symmetric modes features cross‐equatorial flow near the equator and subtropical gyres. Both growth rates and frequencies of the scaled higher order n modes display small increments compared to lower order modes. In the asymptotic limit n → ∞, a growth rate higher than other modes with finite n is achieved.