bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling direct and indirect drivers of farmland biodiversity at landscape scale
Authors: Meier Eliane Seraina , Lüscher Gisela , Knop Eva 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo stop the ongoing decline of farmland biodiversity there are increasing claims for a paradigm shift in agriculture, namely from conserving and restoring farmland biodiversity at field scale (α‐diversity) to doing it at landscape scale (γ‐diversity). However, knowledge on factors driving farmland γ‐diversity is currently limited. Here, we quantified farmland γ‐diversity in 123 landscapes and analysed direct and indirect effects of abiotic and land‐use factors shaping it using structural equation models. The direction and strength of effects of factors shaping γ‐diversity were only partially consistent with what is known about factors shaping α‐diversity, and indirect effects were often stronger than direct effects or even opposite. Thus, relationships between factors shaping α‐diversity cannot simply be up‐scaled to γ‐diversity, and also indirect effects should no longer be neglected. Finally, we show that local mitigation measures benefit farmland γ‐diversity at landscape scale and are therefore a useful tool for designing biodiversity‐friendly landscapes.
Lessons learned from the use of rotenone to eradicate feral fish in two irrigation lakes in Western Australia
Authors: Thompson Graham G. , Thompson Scott A. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryAn eradication program using rotenone was implemented primarily targeting a localised population of the feral Pearl Cichlid (Geophagus brasiliensis), and as a secondary objective to also remove the widespread Eastern Gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki) in two artificial lakes used for irrigation purposes in Byford, Western Australia (WA). Rotenone, applied at the approved rate (i.e. 0.25 ppm), failed to eradicate all Eastern Gambusia, and possibly all of the Pearl Cichlids in the first attempt, but at a higher dose rate (i.e. 1 ppm) it eradicated both species on the second attempt. We attributed the initial failure partially to the low dose rate of rotenone approved by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA). Pearl Cichlids are present in multiple public ponds and lakes, and waterways in the greater Perth metropolitan area (www.abc.net.au/news/2012‐06‐27/feral‐fish‐overtake‐wa‐native‐species/4096580), and needs to be more aggressively managed by the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD).
Demographic resilience of brook trout populations subjected to experimental size‐selective harvesting
Authors: Clarke Shannon H. , McCracken Gregory R. , Humphries Shelley , Ruzzante Daniel E. , Grant James W. A. , Fraser Dylan J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSustainable management of exploited populations benefits from integrating demographic and genetic considerations into assessments, as both play a role in determining harvest yields and population persistence. This is especially important in populations subject to size‐selective harvest, because size selective harvesting has the potential to result in significant demographic, life‐history, and genetic changes. We investigated harvest‐induced changes in the effective number of breeders () for introduced brook trout populations (Salvelinus fontinalis) in alpine lakes from western Canada. Three populations were subject to 3 years of size‐selective harvesting, while three control populations experienced no harvest. The decreased consistently across all harvested populations (on average 60.8%) but fluctuated in control populations. There were no consistent changes in between control or harvest populations, but one harvest population experienced a decrease in of 63.2%. The / ratio increased consistently across harvest lakes; however we found no evidence of genetic compensation (where variance in reproductive success decreases at lower abundance) based on changes in family evenness () and the number of full‐sibling families (). We found no relationship between and or between / and . We posit that change in was buffered by constraints on breeding habitat prior to harvest, such that the same number of breeding sites were occupied before and after harvest. These results suggest that effective size in harvested populations may be resilient to considerable changes in Nc in the short‐term, but it is still important to monitor exploited populations to assess the risk of inbreeding and ensure their long‐term survival.
Computed tomographic findings in 101 horses presented for the investigation of headshaking
Authors: Fairburn Alison J. , Meehan Lucinda Jayne , Roberts Veronica L. H. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe majority of horses presenting to a hospital with signs of headshaking receive a diagnosis of trigeminal‐mediated headshaking. This diagnosis is one of exclusion, so ruling out other possible causes of headshaking is essential.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to describe the computed tomographic (CT) findings in horses that were presented for investigation of headshaking and underwent CT examination of the head under standing sedation. A secondary aim was to establish whether the proximity of the apices of the caudal maxillary cheek teeth to the infra‐orbital canal varied between age‐matched groups of horses presented for CT examination for investigation of headshaking and those presented for investigation of other conditions.Study designRetrospective case series of horses undergoing CT examination of the head as part of the investigation of headshaking at the Equine Centre, University of Bristol.MethodsCase records of horses that had standing CT images of the head obtained, reviewed and reported at the Equine Centre, University of Bristol over a 5‐year period (February 2012–March 2017) were reviewed. Cases that had presented for investigation of headshaking were included. The proximity of the apices of the maxillary cheek teeth to the infra‐orbital canal was assessed in age‐matched horses presenting for CT for investigation of headshaking and other reasons.ResultsA total of 101 horses presented for investigation of headshaking were included. There were four horses in which CT detected likely causative pathology for the headshaking which had not been identified by other diagnostic tests; however, radiographs had not been obtained in two of these horses. Three horses had periapical infection of the maxillary cheek teeth, and one horse had a fracture of the paracondylar process of the occipital bone. Clinical signs resolved following treatment in three horses; two with periapical infection and one with a paracondylar process fracture. One horse with periapical infection was lost to follow‐up. There was no significant difference in the proximity of the apices of the maxillary cheek teeth to the infra‐orbital canal between the head‐shaking and non‐head‐shaking groups.Main limitationsRetrospective study; pre‐selection of cases through discussion of the case and, in some instances assessment of videos of the behaviour, by the last author, prior to referral; lack of radiographs.ConclusionsWhilst trigeminal‐mediated headshaking is the most common cause of headshaking in horses, it is a diagnosis of exclusion so thorough investigation to rule out other possible causes is essential. We consider CT examination of the head to be a valuable tool in this investigation, although the diagnostic yield is likely to be low.
An unsupervised policy relevance scoring method: Taking Chinese social security policies as the application case
Authors: Sun Jingyun , Huang Shaobin , Li Rongsheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOrganizing and managing policy documents (PDs) issued to the public in a good way can improve the efficiency of government employees and make it easier for the public to find the needed policy information. However, existing PDs are organized only by dates and manually defined categories; besides, PDs issued by different government branches are isolated from each other. These problems make it challenging and time‐consuming for the public to find the needed policy information. We argue that implicit links should be established between PDs based on their relevance, thus helping the public find the needed policy information efficiently. To this end, we propose an unsupervised relevance scoring method for PDs consist six modules, taking Chinese social security policies as the application case. The method combines the TextRank algorithm, TF‐IDF representation, mutual information and left–right information entropy algorithm, and BERT. The method can decrease the interference of noisy words in PDs to relevance scoring. In addition, the method can consider multiple features of PDs simultaneously so that the measure of relevance can be more comprehensive. The method is not driven by domain‐specific labelled data, hence can be easily generalized to PDs in various domains. We construct a dataset containing 5000 Chinese social security policies and then conduct experiments on it to evaluate our method. Experimental results show that our method is feasible and can bring convenience to government agencies and the public to a certain extent. Furthermore, our method achieves more than a 3% improvement in evaluation results on test tasks than the methods with a similar purpose in the legal AI community.
Global phylogeography of hyperdiverse lanternfishes indicates sympatric speciation in the deep sea
Authors: Freer Jennifer J. , Collins Rupert A. , Tarling Geraint A. , Collins Martin A. , Partridge Julian C. , Genner Martin J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimLanternfishes (Myctophidae) are one of the most species‐rich families of mid‐water fishes. They inhabit the mesopelagic zone, where physical barriers to dispersal and gene flow are permeable. Thus, modes of speciation that rely exclusively on geographical separation are potentially of less importance than those that rely more prominently on evolution of assortative mating through divergent habitat use and/or sexual signals, including visual signals from bioluminescent light organs. Here we used phylogenetic, ecological and morphological data to investigate the roles of geography, habitat use and lateral photophores in lanternfish speciation.LocationGlobal.Time periodData collected between 1950 and 2015.Major taxa studiedLanternfishes (Myctophidae).MethodsEcological niche models (ENMs) were developed for 167 species, enabling the community composition of 33 mesopelagic ecoregions to be determined. Sequence data for seven protein‐coding regions from 175 species were used to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree of Myctophidae. Age‐overlap correlation tests were conducted using this phylogeny with outputs from ENMs (pairwise geographical overlap and pairwise ecological niche overlap, n = 136), in addition to matrices of pairwise depth overlap (n = 158) and photophore pattern dissimilarity (n = 161).ResultsCommunities assembled according to nine broad climatic regions, and recently diverged species pairs possessed greater geographical and ecological niche overlap than more distantly related species, indicating that sympatric or parapatric speciation might be dominant modes of divergence. Differences in photophore patterns increased with the relative age of speciation events, suggesting that photophore patterns are largely constrained by phylogeny.Main conclusionsBased on this evidence, we suggest that large‐scale oceanographic features structure the diversity of lanternfish communities and that speciation within this family of deep‐water fishes might not have required geographical isolation.
INT6/eIF3e represses E‐cadherin expression through HIF2α in lung carcinoma A549 cells
Authors: Gotoh‐Saito Saki , Sadato Daichi , Shibasaki Futoshi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHypoxia‐inducible factor 2 α (HIF2α), a transcription factor playing a vital role in hypoxia, promotes cancer metastasis. We had previously reported that the cancer‐related gene integration site 6/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit e (INT6/eIF3e) negatively regulates the protein stability of HIF2α in an oxygen‐independent manner. Presently, the downstream targets for INT6/eIF3e‐regulated HIF2α are unknown. Given the roles of HIF2α and INT6/eIF3e in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) that promotes cancer metastasis, we hypothesized that INT6/eIF3e‐regulated HIF2α controls EMT. This study shows that INT6/eIF3e knockdown in lung carcinoma A549 cells led to increased expression of HIF2α protein and an EMT‐like phenotypic change. The increased HIF2α subsequently repressed the E‐cadherin gene. Mechanistically, HIF2α interacts with the twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST1) known to regulate EMT process, and binds to the proximal promoter region of E‐cadherin, repressing it. Collectively, our work demonstrates that HIF2α, regulated by INT6/eIF3e, represses the E‐cadherin gene through TWIST1 to enhance EMT, suggesting a role of the INT6/eIF3e‐HIF2α axis in cancer metastasis.
Perspectives from recent advances of Helicobacter pylori vaccines research
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Xiaoya , Shan Baoen , Zhang Hongtao , Zhao Lianmei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the main factor leading to some gastric diseases. Currently, H. pylori infection is primarily treated with antibiotics. However, with the widespread application of antibiotics, H. pylori resistance to antibiotics has also gradually increased year by year. Vaccines may be an alternative solution to clear H. pylori.AimsBy reviewing the recent progress on H. pylori vaccines, we expected it to lead to more research efforts to accelerate breakthroughs in this field.Materials & MethodsWe searched the research on H. pylori vaccine in recent years through PubMed®, and then classified and summarized these studies.ResultsThe study of the pathogenic mechanism of H. pylori has led to the development of vaccines using some antigens, such as urease, catalase, and heat shock protein (Hsp). Based on these antigens, whole‐cell, subunit, nucleic acid, vector, and H. pylori exosome vaccines have been tested.DiscussionAt present, researchers have developed many types of vaccines, such as whole cell vaccines, subunit vaccines, vector vaccines, etc. However, although some of these vaccines induced protective immunity in mouse models, only a few were able to move into human trials. We propose that mRNA vaccine may play an important role in preventing or treating H. pylori infection. The current study shows that we have developed various types of vaccines based on the virulence factors of H. pylori. However, only a few vaccines have entered human clinical trials. In order to improve the efficacy of vaccines, it is necessary to enhance T‐cell immunity.ConclusionWe should fully understand the pathogenic mechanism of H. pylori and find its core antigen as a vaccine target.
Fracture mechanics properties of fused silicas used for international space station windowpanes
Authors: Salem Jonathan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe fracture toughness and slow crack growth (SCG) parameters of a quartz‐based silica and a high‐purity fused silica were measured as part of a program to review the reliability of the International Space Station windows. The materials exhibit the same fracture toughness (.75 MPa m1/2 in N2) and very similar SCG parameters. The literature on fused silica indicates excellent agreement of fracture toughness, but a very wide range of SCG parameters, even from the same institution, with strength‐based methods usually yielding a lower power law exponent than direct crack velocity measurements. Use of the exponential function is shown to provide better agreement between test methods, with velocity curves derived from strength tests of bare fiber and polished or ground test specimens paralleling those from wide‐range, direct crack velocity observations, implying that constant stress rate tests can predict long lifetime via the exponential function. However, much variation still exists. SCG parameters for soda–lime silicate are much less sensitive to the test method than fused silica. Static load tests and stress intensity measurements resulted in a fatigue threshold of .3 MPa m1/2 for fused silica.
The antioxidative capacities of Lactobacillus and its potential mechanisms via chemical and cellular assessments
Authors: Li Meng‐Fan , Cui Hua‐Ling , Liu Sheng‐Ya , Van Bockstaele Filip , Yu Ming , Lou Wen‐Yong 
Published: September 2022

SummaryFor an elementary study in vitro of probiotics with aid of antioxidant property for ameliorating oxidative stress, Lactobacillus pentosus subsp. FS4722, Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. FS5062, FS5382 and FS5498 were used to evaluate their antioxidant property via chemical‐based and cellular assays. A significant dose‐dependent manner was observed in the results of DPPH, ·OH and ·O2− radical‐scavenging activity. Principal component analysis (PCA), however, showed that the total antioxidant activity of four Lactobacillus was positively associated with their ability against H2O2‐induced HepG2 cell death, which indicated Lactobacillus pentosus FS4722 (95.07 ± 5.08%) had great potential for repairing oxidative damage in HepG2 cells oxidative stress model. The potential regulatory pathway of Lactobacillus FS4722 antioxidant action is reduction of intracellular ROS levels, improvement of SOD and CAT enzymes activities along with the activation of Nrf2 signalling and upregulation of the transcription levels of antioxidant factors NQO1, GCLG, GCLM and HO‐1.
Antioxidant, antihypertensive and antidiabetic potential of peptidic fractions obtained from tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis) protein hydrolysate and identification of promising multifunctional bioactive peptides
Authors: Chirinos Rosana , Villasante‐Bravo Naysha , Aguilar‐Galvez Ana , Figueroa‐Merma Andrés , Carpentier Sebastien , Pedreschi Romina , Campos David 
Published: September 2022

SummaryTarwi is an Andean grain, belonging to the legume group and is characterised by its high protein content, exceeding that reported in soybeans being an interesting resource for obtaining bioactive peptides. The tarwi protein hydrolysate (TPH) obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis with Alcalase (60 min) followed by Neutrase (120 min) presented important multifunctional properties to cope with oxidative stress, hypertension and diabetes. After concentration and purification process the most active fraction containing the highest antioxidant, antihypertensive (inhibition of angiotensin‐converting enzyme I, ACE) and antidiabetic (inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, DPP IV) properties were found in the low‐molecular weight peptide fraction. Thus, this last fraction was subjected to a de novo sequencing LC–MS/MS analysis yielding the identification of 25 peptides, with potential activities as ACE and DPP IV inhibitors and antioxidative according to BIOPEP database. Of these, four novel peptides: AVPFWM, YSGWLGL, AHAGFGMLY and FFSMKVM, stood out for their relatively high scores in bioactivity predicted by Peptide Ranker, additionally the structure–activity evaluation performed on them, supported the predicted antioxidant, antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties. These results demonstrated that TPH might be considered a potential source of peptides with multifunctional bioactive properties with possibilities of application in the food and nutraceutical sectors.
Comment mesurer la sécurité au travail? Par un indicateur des capacités, plutôt que par des taux de fréquence déficients
Authors: DEKKER Sidney W.A. , TOOMA Michael 
Published: September 2022

RésuméFace aux limites, bien documentées, des indices de sécurité au travail habituels, axés sur la fréquence des incidents, et alors que la jurisprudence a fait valoir une obligation de diligence raisonnable de l'employeur, de nombreux chercheurs préconisent de mesurer, plutôt que les échecs, les ressources – ou capacités – qui font que tout se déroule de façon harmonieuse en temps ordinaire. Les auteurs proposent dans cet esprit un indice des capacités qui englobe six dimensions: la connaissance des enjeux de sécurité, celle des processus opérationnels, les moyens alloués, le suivi des risques, la mise en conformité et les garanties de sécurité.
Cómo hacer frente a la precariedad durante la COVID‐19: Un estudio sobre el trabajo a través de plataformas en Polonia
Authors: MUSZYŃSKI Karol , PULIGNANO Valeria , DOMECKA Markieta , MROZOWICKI Adam 
Published: September 2022

ResumenSe explora cómo la pandemia de COVID‐19 ha afectado a las experiencias laborales y vitales de las y los trabajadores de plataformas de trabajo localizado y en línea en Polonia y cómo estos han respondido. Las importantes fluctuaciones de la demanda han exacerbado las distorsiones de una relación laboral asimétrica no regulada fuera de la relación laboral estándar. Se observan estrategias de adaptación de lealtad, voz y lealtad hibridadas, y salida, según la tipología de Hirschman. La elección de esas estrategias se explica según los niveles de acceso a recursos propios e institucionales, así como por las experiencias y repertorios simbólicos de las y los trabajadores.
Redes de confianza y acceso al trabajo informal en línea durante la pandemia de COVID‐19 en Indonesia
Authors: OCTAVIA Joanna 
Published: September 2022

ResumenLos estudios sobre plataformas digitales de trabajo indican que internet brinda nuevas oportunidades de ingresos en el mundo en desarrollo, pero no se ha investigado el uso de los medios en línea sin intermediarios en el sector informal. Utilizando datos de la etnografía digital y entrevistas con trabajadores en Indonesia, se examina cómo los mototaxistas y los trabajadores domésticos accedieron al mercado de trabajo por medios sociales durante la pandemia de COVID‐19 cuando las plataformas no estaban autorizadas a operar. Aunque los medios sociales ampliaban las oportunidades de empleo, el éxito dependía del tamaño de las redes sociales de los trabajadores y estaba limitado por los algoritmos.
Phase evolution and pulverization mechanism of self‐pulverizing carbonatable clinkers
Authors: Lv Canyu , Liu Zhichao , Wang Fazhou , Hu Shuguang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the phase evolution and pulverization mechanism of a self‐pulverizing carbonatable clinker (SPCC) with a variety of raw material compositions. The particle size, mineral phases, and microstructure of SPCC, produced by sintering at 1400°C for 3 h, were systematically studied by laser particle size testing, XRD/QXRD and SEM/EDS. Results show that clinkers sintered by raw materials with low‐Ca/low‐Al (Ca/Si < 1.6; Al2O3 < 10 wt.%) or high‐Ca/medium‐Al (Ca/Si > 2.6; Al2O3 ≈ 10 wt.%) are non‐pulverized after cooling. The mineral phases of C2AS, CA, and C12A7 are considered to facilitate clinker pulverization at low γ‐C2S contents. With the increase of Al2O3 content in raw materials, SPCC is refined in particle size, accompanied by the significant decrease in the content of calcium silicates. Based on the results, guidelines for producing SPCC are proposed.