bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nano meets macro: Furnishing the surface of polymer molds with gold‐nanoparticle arrays
Authors: Wang Ruosong , Zimmermann Philipp , Schletz Daniel , Hoffmann Marisa , Probst Patrick , Fery Andreas , Nagel Jürgen , Rossner Christian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe formation of well‐defined, functional surfaces that incorporate the unique properties of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) requires robust and scalable fabrication strategies. Herein, we report a methodology for the decoration of polymer molds with plasmonic (gold) nanoparticle arrays. Wrinkled soft templates were used to assemble gold NPs (74 nm) into line arrays. These pre‐formed nanoparticle arrays were transferred in a subsequent step onto polycarbonate molds via an injection molding process. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the structural fidelity of the pattern structure upon transfer. The preservation of the optical functionality of the gold nanoparticle line arrays was proven by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) experiments. The reported strategy of nanoparticle pattern transfer to polymer bodies by this robust process is expected to prove useful for the fabrication of polymer surfaces with tailored optical functionality.
Impact of nutrition status and body mass index on mortality in hospitalized general medical patients: A prospective observational study
Authors: Agrawal Vineet , Subitha Lakshminarayanan , Medha Rajappa , Deepanjali Surendran 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition and low body mass index (BMI) are risk factors for mortality in hospitalized patients. Data substantiating this are unavailable for hospitalized general medical patients in our setting. We studied the prevalence of malnutrition among patients admitted to general medical wards in a tertiary care hospital and its role as a risk factor for 1‐month mortality. We also investigated the association of BMI with mortality.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, nutrition assessment using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and anthropometric measurements was performed in 395 hospitalized general medical patients. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Modified Early Warning System (MEWS) score were calculated. Clinical course and vital status at 1 month after discharge was noted. Factors associated with mortality were identified using logistic regression.ResultsThe mean age of the study population was 46.2 + 16.1 years; 247 (62.5%) were males. Of 395 patients, 129 (32.7%) belonged to SGA A, 155 (39.2%) to SGA B, and 111 (28.1%) to SGA C. Mean (±SD) BMI was 23.38 (±5.33); 141 (35.6%) were obese. Mortality was observed in 61 (15.4%) patients. Patients in the lowest BMI quartile had the lowest mortality. The adjusted regression analysis showed that higher age and MEWS scores were independently associated with mortality. Severe malnourishment (SGA C) was another important predictor. Further, the odds of death increased consistently across the consecutive BMI quartiles.ConclusionHigher age, higher MEWS scores, severe malnourishment, and higher BMI scores were independent risk factors for 1‐month mortality in hospitalized general medical patients.
Tumour budding and poorly differentiated clusters in colon cancer – different manifestations of partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Pavlič Ana , Boštjančič Emanuela , Kavalar Rajko , Ilijevec Bojan , Bonin Serena , Zanconati Fabrizio , Zidar Nina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMorphological features including infiltrative growth, tumour budding (TB), and poorly differentiated clusters (PDCs) have a firmly established negative predictive value in colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite extensive research, the mechanisms underlying different tumour growth patterns remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in TB and PDCs in CRC. Using laser‐capture microdissection, we obtained distinct parts of the primary CRC including TB, PDCs, expansive tumour front, and the central part of the tumour, and analysed the expression of EMT‐related markers, i.e. the miR‐200 family, ZEB1/2, RND3, and CDH1. In TB, the miR‐200 family and CDH1 were significantly downregulated, while ZEB2 was significantly upregulated. In PDCs, miR‐141, miR‐200c, and CDH1 were significantly downregulated. No significant differences were observed in the expression of any EMT‐related markers between the expansive tumour front and the central part of the tumour. Our results suggest that both TB and PDCs are related to partial EMT. Discrete differences in morphology and expression of EMT‐related markers between TB and PDCs indicate that they represent different manifestations of partial EMT. TB seems to be closer to complete EMT than PDCs. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Long‐term spatiotemporal dynamics in a mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) forest in south‐east Norway
Authors: Nygaard Per Holm , Bøhler Fredrik , Øyen Bernt‐Håvard , Tveite Bjørn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMountain birch forest covers large areas in Eurasia, and their ecological resilience provides important ecosystem services to human societies. This study describes long‐term stand dynamics based on permanent plots in the upper mountain birch belt in SE Norway. We also present forest line changes over a period of 70 years. Inventories were conducted in 1931, 1953, and 2007. Overall, there were small changes from 1931 up to 1953 followed by a marked increase in biomass and dominant height of mountain birch throughout the period from 1953 to 2007. In addition, the biomass of spruce (Picea abies) and the number of plots with spruce present doubled. The high mortality rate of larger birch stems and large recruitment by sprouting since the 1960s reveal recurrent rejuvenation events after the earlier outbreak of the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata). Our results demonstrate both a high stem turnover in mountain birch and a great ability to recover after disturbances. This trend is interpreted as regrowth after a moth attack, but also long‐term and time‐lagged responses due to slightly improved growth conditions. An advance of the mountain birch forest line by 0.71 m year−1 from 1937 to 2007 was documented, resulting in a total reduction of the alpine area by 12%. Most of the changes in the forest line seem to have taken place after 1960. Regarding silviculture methods in mountain birch, a dimension cutting of larger birch trees with a cutting interval of c. 60 years seems to be a sustainable alternative for mimicking natural processes.
Total band alignment in theoretical and experimental aspects for enhanced performance of flexible and Cd‐free Cu (In,Ga)(S,Se)2 solar cell fabricated by all‐dry process
Authors: Chantana Jakapan , Kawano Yu , Mavlonov Abdurashid , Minemoto Takashi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTotal band alignment parameters, which are CBO, ΔEC‐TA, and ΔEC‐TB values, in the Cu (In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) solar cells are theoretically and experimentally optimized. Conduction band minimum (EC) difference between the CIGSSe absorber and buffer is represented by CBO, and that between absorber and transparent conductive oxide (TCO) is denoted by ΔEC‐TA. The EC difference between buffer and TCO is represented by ΔEC‐TA. Based on the measurement of photoelectron yield spectroscopy, the actual CBO, ΔEC‐TA, and ΔEC‐TB values are disclosed. According to the numerical simulation, the useful overview information about the appropriate CBO, ΔEC‐TA, and ΔEC‐TB values is disclosed for the selections of the suitable buffer and TCO materials to reduce the carrier recombination, thus enhancing the photovoltaic performances of the CIGSSe solar cell. As a result, the sputtered Zn0.84Mg0.16O buffer and sputtered Zn0.88Mg0.12O:Al TCO layers are experimentally applied for the appropriate CBO of +0.11 eV, ΔEC‐TA of +0.16 eV, and ΔEC‐TB of +0.05 eV, thus giving rise to the flexible, Cd‐free, and all‐dry process CIGSSe solar cell on stainless steel substrate with the increased conversion efficiency up to 15.3% (and the highest one of 16.5%) as the eco‐friendly and low‐cost solar cell. It is ultimately suggested that the experimental results are well predicted by the overview numerical results, which are useful for the improvement of the photovoltaic performances through the total band alignment.
“Late” effectors from Leptosphaeria maculans as tools for identifying novel sources of resistance in Brassica napus
Authors: Jiquel Audren , Gay Elise J. , Mas Justine , George Pierre , Wagner Armand , Fior Adrien , Faure Sébastien , Balesdent Marie‐Hélène , Rouxel Thierry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Dothideomycete Leptosphaeria maculans, causing stem canker (blackleg) of Brassica napus, secretes different cocktails of effectors at specific infection stages. Some effectors (“Late” effectors) are specifically produced during the long asymptomatic phase of stem colonization. By manipulating their expression so that they are overexpressed during cotyledon infection (OEC transformants of the fungus), we previously postulated that resistance genes operating in the stem may be involved in gene‐for‐gene relationship and thus contribute to quantitative disease resistance (QDR). Here, we selected 10 relevant new effector genes, and we generated OEC transformants to screen a collection of 130 B. napus genotypes, representative of the available diversity in the species. Five B. napus accessions showed a typical hypersensitive response when challenged with effectors LmSTEE98 or LmSTEE6826 at the cotyledon stage, and all belong to the semi‐winter type of the diversity panel. In addition, five winter‐type genotypes displayed an intermediate response to another late effector, LmSTEE7919. These new interactions now have to be genetically validated to check that they also correspond to gene‐for‐gene interactions. In all cases, they potentially provide novel resources, easy to breed for, and accounting for part of the quantitative resistance in a species for which we are currently facing limited resistance sources.
Ultra‐stretchable, anti‐freezing conductive hydrogels crosslinked by strong hydrogen bonding for flexible sensors
Authors: Du Ying , Sun Yuanna , Lu Shuaishuai , Zhang Kaiyuan , Song Chen , Li Boyang , He Xinhai , Li Qingshan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConductive hydrogel has shown unparalleled potential in flexible electronics. However, water‐based hydrogels will inevitably face deteriorated mechanical strength and ionic transport ability in low temperature, which may severely hinder their wide‐range application. To address the problem, we herein introduced a natural zwitterionic osmolyte (proline) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as the anti‐freezing agent into a physically cross‐linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel (PA gel), as inspired by the nature‐gifted anti‐freezing ability. The resulting conductive hydrogel demonstrated high stretchability (up to 3305%), and excellent ion‐conductivity (up to 11.8 S/m) and could withstand a low temperature (−40°C). Moreover, the gel‐based sensor showed sensitive dynamic response to different tensile rates and tensile strain. It is expected that the plant‐inspired anti‐freezing hydrogel will provide more possibilities for the application in flexible sensors.
Eating disorders in adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kass Alexandra P. , Berbert Laura , Dahlberg Suzanne , Bern Elana , Sabharwal Sabina , Leonard Jessica , Richmond Tracy , Sawicki Gregory S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere is evidence for increased risk of eating disorders in individuals with diet‐treated chronic illnesses, however, data in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is less clear. No studies have evaluated avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in the CF population. We investigated the prevalence of eating disorders, including ARFID, in adolescents and young adults with CF.MethodsPatients with CF aged 14–35 years were recruited to complete three validated surveys: (1) Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), (2) Nine‐Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Scale (NIAS), and (3) Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire‐Revised (CFQ‐R). Univariate linear regression analysis identified baseline risk factors associated with these survey scores. Variables with univariate p < 0.20 were considered for inclusion in a multivariable linear regression model. Backwards stepwise linear regression was used to identify the final model.ResultsA total of 52 patients enrolled. The prevalence of a positive screen on the EDE‐Q was 9.6%, and on the NIAS was 13.5%. The CFQ‐R eating and weight subscales were associated with scores on the EDE‐Q, and CFQ‐R eating subscale and being dF508 homozygous were correlated with the NIAS total score.DiscussionA clinically significant number of participants screened positive for eating disorders on the EDE‐Q and NIAS. Scores on the eating and weight scales of the CFQ‐R were associated with the scores on these surveys. Further work is needed to better understand the optimal way to use such tools to screen and treat for eating disorders in individuals with CF.
Propiolate‐Terminated Polybutadiene‐Based Network Binders for Solid Propellants via Catalyst‐Free Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition
Authors: Min Byoung Sun , Lee Jinhyuk , Kim Sung June , Shim Hong Min 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe developed the new preparation method of polybutadiene‐based binders, which has been widely used in solid composite propellants, under the triazole curing system formed by the Huisgen azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) without any promotors. Firstly, polybutadiene terminated with propiolate, alkyne adjacent to electron‐withdrawing group −C(=O)O−, PKPB(propiolate‐terminated polybutadiene), was prepared followed by the 1,3‐cycloaddition with trivalent azide curatives leading to form the polybutadiene binder cured via triazole linkages. Unexpectedly, compared to the conventional urethane‐cured binders, higher temperature and long time were required to cure the polybutadiene binder and the mechanical properties, especially tensile strength was not as good as that of binder formed under urethane curing system. For the triazole‐cured polybutadiene binder to exhibit the better mechanical properties, an asymmetric difunctional chain‐linker end‐capped with an alkyne and an isocyanate, respectively was introduced to modify the end‐groups of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) with propiolates, ester alkynes, resulting in forming the propiolate‐terminated polyurethane butadiene (PTPUB). The triazole‐cured polyurethane butadiene‐based binders obtained from the click reaction of PTPUB with tri‐azide curatives conveyed the excellent mechanical properties as well as considerable shortening of reaction time, compared to PKPB‐based binders. Finally, both of triazole cured binders showed the good low‐temperature properties, Tg, available for solid propellants.
Population pharmacokinetic analysis for tisotumab vedotin in patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic solid tumors
Authors: Gibiansky Leonid , Passey Chaitali , Voellinger Jenna , Gunawan Rudy , Hanley William D. , Gupta Manish , Winter Helen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTisotumab vedotin is an investigational antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) for treatment of solid tumors expressing tissue factor with accelerated approval from the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression during or after chemotherapy. This study describes development of a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model to assess the PK profile of tisotumab vedotin and microtubule‐disrupting agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) using data from 399 patients with solid tumors across four phase I/II trials. The ADC–MMAE model describes ADC and MMAE concentrations following intravenous administration of tisotumab vedotin. This four‐compartment model comprises a two‐compartment ADC model with parallel linear and Michaelis–Menten elimination, a delay compartment, and a one‐compartment MMAE model. Nonspecific linear clearance of ADC was 1.42 L/day, central volume of distribution (Vc) was 3.10 L, and median terminal half‐life of ADC was 4.04 days. Apparent clearance of MMAE was 42.8 L/day, and apparent volume of distribution was 2.09 L. Terminal slope of the MMAE concentration–time curve was defined by the delay compartment rate with a half‐life of 2.56 days. Patients with higher body weight and lower albumin concentration had faster ADC clearance. Male patients and those with higher body weight and lower albumin concentration had higher Vc. Body weight was the most influential covariate influencing distribution and elimination of ADC and MMAE, thus supporting weight‐based dosing of tisotumab vedotin. Presence of antidrug antibodies (detected in 3.3% of patients) did not affect key PK parameters or exposures for ADC and MMAE.
Promising natural products against SARS‐CoV‐2: Structure, function, and clinical trials
Authors: Zhao Yan , Deng Shanshan , Bai Yujiao , Guo Jinlin , Kai Guoyin , Huang Xinhe , Jia Xu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‐COV‐2) poses a severe threat to human health and still spreads globally. Due to the high mutation ratio and breakthrough infection rate of the virus, vaccines and anti‐COVID‐19 drugs require continual improvements. Drug screening research has shown that some natural active products can target the critical proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2, including 3CLpro, ACE2, FURIN, and RdRp, which could produce great inhibitory effects on SARS‐COV‐2. In addition, some natural products have displayed activities of immunomodulation, antiinflammatory, and antihepatic failure in COVID‐19 clinical trials, which may relate to their non‐monomeric structures. However, further evaluation and high‐quality assessments, including safety verification tests, drug interaction tests, and clinical trials, are needed to substantiate natural products' multi‐target and multi‐pathway effects on COVID‐19. Here, we review the literature on several promising active natural products that may act as vaccine immune enhancers or provide targeted anti‐COVID‐19 drugs. The structures, mechanisms of action, and research progress of these natural products are analyzed, to hopefully provide effective ideas for the development of targeted drugs that possess better structure, potency, and safety.
Creating physically coherent and spatially correlated perturbations to initialize high‐resolution ensembles of simulated convection
Authors: Labriola Jonathan D. , Wicker Louis J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of ensembles for numerical weather prediction has become common during the last decade. For global models, the generation of initial‐condition perturbations has a number of well‐tested methodologies. In ensembles that predict convective storms explicitly (i.e.,  km), the generation of physically realistic perturbations is less well posed. This study introduces a technique to generate physically coherent and spatially correlated (PCSC) initial‐condition perturbations that are calibrated to the environment. Ensembles of idealized CM1 simulations, initialized with either PCSC perturbations (EXP_PCSC), spatially coherent random perturbations (EXP_3KM), or Gaussian white‐noise random perturbations (EXP_WHITE), are run for both a linear convective line of storms and a single “supercell” storm to demonstrate the utility of this new perturbation technique in diverse environments. PCSC perturbations are extracted from high‐resolution simulations of boundary‐layer turbulence and random perturbations are calibrated to be the same in magnitude as PCSC perturbations. EXP_PCSC simulations spawn turbulence fastest in this study. The simulated turbulence is more robust than in other experiments more than 1 hr into the simulation, because horizontal convective rolls enhance power at the largest scales. Random perturbations are slow to generate turbulence; this problem is exacerbated when the base model state flow is nonturbulent. Due to robust turbulence, EXP_PCSC ensemble spread increases fastest during the first simulation hour and remains largest throughout the remainder of the simulations. Although EXP_PCSC spread is the largest, the sensitivity of convection to the initial perturbations varies at different times in the storm life cycle. Storms appear more sensitive to perturbations added near the time of convective initiation.
Multidimensional modeling assisted mining of GDB17 chemical database: A search for polymer donors for organic solar cells and machine learning assisted performance prediction
Authors: Mebed Abdelazim M. , Jafri Hasnain Mehdi , Hakamy A. , Abd‐Elnaiem Alaa M. , Sulaman Muhammad , Elshahat Sayed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndeed, the designing of efficient material for organic solar cells is challenging and time‐consuming task. In this work, we have proposed a design pipeline to screen efficient polymer donors. Machine learning based models are trained to predict the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Structural descriptors are used as input to train machine learning models. The data of organic molecules is extracted from Photovoltaics database. Best buildings blocks are selected on the basis of similarity analysis using PBT7‐Th and MP6 as reference (standard). New polymers are designed using building blocks having high similarity. The PCE is predicted with the help of high‐performance machine learning model. Top three candidates are studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Packing behavior of polymer donors and their blend with fullerene acceptor is studied using radial distribution function (RDF). Density functional theory analysis is also performed on selected polymers. Electrostatic potential analysis has indicated the highly polar behavior that can result higher charge generation. Our proposed pipeline has ability to design and screen the polymer donors, as well as can predict their PCE without any experimentation. More importantly computational cost is marginal.
Fertility and sexual dysfunction in young male cancer survivors
Authors: Yumura Yasushi , Takeshima Teppei , Komeya Mitsuru , Kuroda Shinnosuke , Saito Tomoki , Karibe Jurii 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundNewly emerging serious post‐treatment complications among young male cancer survivors involve fertility and sexual function, preventing them from pursuing a normal family life.MethodsWe studied and summarized published studies that assess the relationship between cancer treatments and reduced spermatogenesis or sexual dysfunction.Main findingsInfertility often occurs because of anticancer therapies that impair spermatogenesis. While some patients postremission functionally recover fertility, others experience a decreased sperm count and azoospermia. Fertility‐preserving modalities are currently being promoted worldwide to preserve spermatogenesis following cancer therapy. Patients who can ejaculate and have sperm in their semen should cryopreserve semen. However, for patients who have never ejaculated before puberty or in whom spermatogenesis has not been established, testis biopsy is performed to collect and preserve sperm or germ cells. Fertility preservation is gaining popularity and requires continuous information dissemination to oncologists and cancer treatment professionals. Furthermore, male sexual dysfunction predominantly involves erectile dysfunction and ejaculation disorder.ConclusionAlthough preventive and therapeutic methods for these disorders have been established within urology, patients and medical professionals in other fields remain uninformed of these advances. Therefore, dissemination of information regarding fertility preservation techniques should be accelerated.