bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thinner Substrate Reconfigurable Design of Corner Truncated Square Microstrip Antenna for Polarization Agile Response in GSM Application
Authors: Ambekar Aarti G. , Deshmukh Amit A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDesign of a shorted microstrip line fed truncated corner square microstrip antenna is proposed for a polarization agile response on an electrically thinner substrate. In the circular polarized design, an axial ratio bandwidth of 1.8% with a reflection coefficient bandwidth of 79 MHz (9.9%) is achieved, whereas for the dual‐polarized design, the configuration yields a reflection coefficient bandwidth of 81 MHz (10.1%) showing polarization agility along 45° over 53% of the bandwidth and along 135° over 47% of the bandwidth. Both the configuration yields a broadside radiation pattern with a gain of more than 5 dBi. To achieve an easy polarization switching, a reconfigurable design is presented. The design methodology is proposed for the circular polarized variation. Antenna redesigned using these guidelines shows similar circular polarized characteristics with an equivalent gain and bandwidth as that of the original configuration, thus satisfying the requirements of the E‐GSM‐900, T‐GSM‐900, and R‐GSM‐900 frequency bands.
Effects of wearable resistance during warm‐up on physical fitness measures in young female athletes
Authors: Ryan Chloe , Uthoff Aaron , Stewart Nathan , McKenzie Chloe , Cronin John 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe aim of this study was to quantify the training effects of wearing calf‐loaded wearable resistance (WR) during a netball specific warm‐up in female netball athletes. Twenty‐nine high school female netball athletes were matched for change of direction (COD) speed and randomly allocated to either WR training or an unloaded group. Both groups performed the same warm‐up two times per week for 6 weeks, with the WR group wearing 1%–1.5% body mass loads on each calf. Pre‐ and post‐training data were collected for 5‐ and 15‐m sprint times, modified 5‐0‐5 COD splits and total time and single‐leg horizontal, lateral and countermovement (CMJ) jump performance. Both groups significantly decreased their 5 m linear sprint times (WRT = −4.41%, effect size [ES] = −1.60; control [CON] = −2.60%, ES = −0.71), while only the WRT significantly decreased their 15 m time (−2.14%, ES = −1.55). There were no significant decreases in 5‐0‐5 total time for either group, however the WRT group significantly decreased their acceleration (−7.40%, ES = −0.60) and COD split (−9.73%, ES = −1.02). Both groups increased their lateral jump (WRT: 4.60%–6.62%, ES = 0.67–0.96; CON: 5.48%–6.06%, ES = 0.73–0.75), while only the WRT group increased (p < 0.05) their horizontal jump (3.57%–4.18%, ES = 0.57–0.67). Given the results, it appears that calf‐loaded WR may be an effective method for improving linear speed, aspects of the modified 5‐0‐5 test and horizontal jump ability in female netball athletes.
Rapid response electroencephalography decreases time to seizure diagnosis in pediatric acute care patients
Authors: Rajan Nevedha , Kavanagh Toni , LaVega‐Talbott Maite , Gangadharan Sandeep 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesPediatric status epilepticus (SE) carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality and can result in neurologic injury. Establishing seizure activity on conventional EEG (cEEG) is essential but can delay treatment of seizures due to technician limitations. Rapid response EEG (rrEEG) device Ceribell and its Brain Stethoscope function can be used and interpreted rapidly by bedside providers with minimal training. This retrospective pilot study examines the impact of rrEEG introduction at a quaternary care children's hospital on time to definitive diagnosis and treatment, as well as the accuracy of the Brain Stethoscope.MethodsThis was a single center retrospective observational cohort study that analyzed data from patients 2–18 years old who presented with concerns for SE. For rrEEG patients, the bedside physician used the Brain Stethoscope at four discrete points. TDEA (time to diagnosis of electrographic activity) and setup time were recorded and compared using Welch's T‐test. Diagnostic specificity and sensitivity for SE using the Brain Stethoscope were calculated against the epileptologist's assessment.ResultsData were collected from 30 pediatric patients, 15 on each EEG modality. RrEEG decreased the average TDEA (132 min vs. 22 min, p < 0.001) and setup time (22 min vs. 9 min, p < 0.001), compared to the cEEG. Bedside physicians diagnosed electrographic activity using the Brain Stethoscope with 100% sensitivity (95% CI 63%–100%) and 92% specificity (95% CI 81%–97%). RrEEG ruled out seizures in 11 patients and changed clinical decision‐making in five patients.SignificanceRrEEG allowed for earlier diagnosis of brain electrographic activity in pediatric patients when compared to cEEG. The bedside provider was able to initiate EEG monitoring, successfully diagnose patients using the Brain Stethoscope, and decrease delays associated with technician availability. This promising rrEEG technology can facilitate faster assessment of SE in pediatric acute care settings, potentially reducing ongoing neurologic injury.Plain Language SummaryProlonged seizures in pediatric patients can cause death. Children can have seizures that are happening in the brain, but cannot be seen physically. They can be diagnosed by a machine that records the brain's electrical activity and the data can be interpreted by a specialized neurologist, but the process of getting the machine connected to the patient and getting the data often takes hours and delays diagnosis. This study evaluated a new machine called the Ceribell® and determined that it facilitated a much faster diagnosis than the conventional machine in children and helped the bedside physician interpret the data quickly.
Experimental Studies of the Effects of Recoating on Fire Protection Properties of Old and New Layers of Intumescent Coatings for Steel Elements
Authors: Wang L. L. , Zhu X. , Liu T. J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of experimental studies investigating the effects of recoating on fire protection properties of composite layers of intumescent coatings for steel elements. Intumescent coatings, both with and without topcoats, were applied to steel plates. The samples were subjected to different cycles of hydrothermal aging before recoating. The composite layers of the existing and new coatings were then tested under fire. Comparisons of the morphological structures of the carbonaceous char revealed that the existing coating had little effect on the expansion properties of the new coating. However, the new coating reduced the expansion ratio of the existing coating. The thermal resistance of the existing coating decreased with the increasing thickness of the new coating. For specimens with a new coating 1.0 mm thick, the thermal resistance of the existing coating, after even moderate environmental exposure, was < 20% of the total and can be ignored. Contributions from the existing coating may be considered when specifying the thickness of the new coating if the new coating thickness is small and the existing coating is subjected to moderate environmental aging. Recoating with a different type of intumescent coating from the existing one appeared to provide better fire protection performance than using the same type.
Gravity Anomalies and Kimberlite Exploration in the Wajrakarur Kimberlite Field of South Indian Kimberlite Province
Authors: Singh Raghu Vansh Bhushan , Babu Siriboyina Bangaru , Pratap Birendra 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Wajrakarur Kimberlite Field (WKF) in Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India, stands as a pivotal region for kimberlite exploration in the South Indian Kimberlite Province. It features distinct gravity highs and lows, sandwiched between Closepet Granite (CG) and Cuddapah Basin (CB), with notable gold‐mineralized Ramagiri‐Penakacherla Greenstone Belt (RPGB) and Jonnagiri Greenstone Belt (JGB). The structural features of gravity modelling include upwarping beneath the western CG and downwarping beneath Peninsular Gneissic Complex‐II (PGC‐II). Gravity signatures allow for the identification of shallow geological features such as granite structures and fault/shear zones around 3–4 km deep in the WKF region, with kimberlite pipes showing a preferential concentration along these zones. Deep‐seated fault structures reveal the area's geological characteristics, offer insights into lithospheric fluid migration, and are key for evaluating fluid flow pathways associated with deep‐seated minerals and kimberlite exploration. The study reveals regional variations and geological characteristics, providing valuable avenues for future research.
Origin of Indosinian W–Sn Deposits in the Nanling Region, China: Case Study of the Nanzhuhe Sn Polymetallic Deposit in the Dupangling Area
Authors: Hui Zhang , Lingan Bai , Chongjin Pang , Yu Dai , Zuohai Feng , Xijun Liu , Chunlan Meng , Lizhuan Lin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGreat breakthroughs have been made in the Indosinian W–Sn ore exploration in the Nanling region of China in recent years, but there is still relatively little research on its metallogenic mechanism. Nanzhuhe Sn polymetallic deposit is located on the southeast side of Dupangling complex in the western part of Nanling and is a typical altered fracture zone type of Sn polymetallic deposit. The ore body is controlled by the NE‐trending fault and occurs in the Indosinian granite in the Indosinian contact zone and the secondary tension–torsion fault zone. In this article, zircon and cassiterite were selected for U–Pb dating and trace element analysis, and quartz was studied by microthermometry, Laser Raman compositional analysis and H and O isotopes. The results show that the zircon U–Pb age of the biotite granite is 224.2 ± 6.4 Ma (MSWD = 1.5), and the cassiterite U–Pb age is 217.9 ± 7.2 Ma (MSWD = 1.6). The cassiterite is enriched in high‐field‐strength elements such as Nb, Ta, Ti, Sc, V and Hf, which indicates that the deposit was formed by the highly evolved granitic magmatic activity in the late stage of the Indosinian. The fluid inclusions are mainly liquid‐rich two‐phase, and a little gas‐rich two‐phase. The gas component is mainly water vapour. The initial ore‐forming fluid is NaCl–H2O system with medium to high temperatures and medium to low salinity. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicate that about 40% of the atmospheric precipitation is mixed along the extensive fault. The comprehensive study shows that the mixing of magmatic–hydrothermal fluid and meteoric water occurred in the Indosinian period of the Nanzhuhe Sn polymetallic deposit, which led to the continuous decrease of temperature and salinity of the ore‐forming fluid, the increase of oxygen fugacity, the increase of pH value and the decrease of ligand activity, which destroyed the stability of tin complex and caused a large number of tin and other metal ions to break off from the complex carrier, and finally the precipitation of tin and other metals.
Initiation of Psychotropic Drugs in Spouses of Patients With Early‐Onset Alzheimer's Disease: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Fukasawa Toshiki , Matsumoto Kota , Sasaki Kotaro , Nakagami Yukako , Goto Yuta , Sakamoto Yusuke , Washimi Yukihiko , Tanaka‐Mizuno Sachiko , Yoshida Satomi , Mizuno Kayoko , Kamada Yuta , Ishii Mika , Kawakami Koji 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe diagnosis of early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) can cause emotional stress not only to the patients themselves but also to their spouses. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of psychiatric disorders in spouses of EOAD patients, using psychotropic drug initiation as a surrogate indicator.MethodsA cohort study was conducted using a Japanese claims database, with spouses of EOAD patients (exposed spouses) matched with spouses of non‐EOAD individuals (reference spouses) up to a 1:10 ratio. Primary outcome was the initiation of mood disorder drugs, and secondary outcomes were the initiation of drugs for anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Four study cohorts were created according to each outcome analysis. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for study outcomes.ResultsThe analysis of mood disorder drugs included 395 exposed spouses and 3711 reference spouses. The proportion of patients excluded from the analysis due to prescription of mood disorder drugs during the baseline period was 4.3% higher among exposed spouses than reference spouses. There was no major difference between groups with respect to mood disorder drug initiation after 1 year (aHR, 2.08 [95% CI, 0.61 to 7.13]). In subgroup analysis of females and dependents, exposed spouses showed a higher rate of initiation (females: aHR, 6.39 [95% CI, 1.24 to 32.80]; dependents: aHR, 6.47 [95% CI, 1.25 to 33.55]). No substantial differences in secondary outcomes were observed in any comparison.ConclusionsThis study does not conclusively demonstrate an increase in mood disorder drug initiation among spouses of EOAD patients overall; however, initiation rates may be higher among female or dependent spouses. Our findings also suggest that exposed spouses experience significant psychological stress prior to their partners' EOAD diagnoses.
Use of the Superior Thyroid Artery as a Recipient Artery in Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstruction: Effects on Post‐Operative Hypothyroidism
Authors: Pak Kaitlynne Y. , Nunez Alberto , Patel Harsh , Ho Allen S. , Mallen‐St. Clair Jon 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe superior thyroid artery (STA) as a recipient vessel in free flap reconstruction may theoretically impact thyroid function. This study aimed to assess whether the use of the STA has an adverse effect on thyroid function.MethodsRetrospective review of 101 head and neck reconstructive cases. Thyroid function tests were reviewed within 1 year of surgery.ResultsThe STA was used in 40 cases. The STA cohort had significantly higher TSH levels than the non‐STA cohort (7.34 v. 2.87 mU/L, p = 0.02). About 27.5% developed subclinical post‐operative hypothyroidism and 17.5% required new levothyroxine supplementation in the STA group.ConclusionThis represents the first study to our knowledge assessing the impact of the STA as a recipient vessel on postoperative thyroid function. While we found a statistically significant difference in average TSH after using the STA, the average TSH/FT4 values were subclinical. Post‐operative monitoring for hypothyroidism is warranted in this population.
Leader–Subordinate Human Resource Attribution (Dis)agreement and Its Impact on Employee Well‐Being: A Frame‐of‐Reference Perspective
Authors: Lee Byron Y. , Wang Ying , Kim Sunghoon , Wang Zhen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTExisting human resource (HR) theory highlights that differences in perceptions of HR practices between leaders and subordinates have a critical impact on employee outcomes. We extend such literature by drawing on frame‐of‐reference theory to develop and test a model examining how different patterns of (dis)agreement in leader and subordinate employee HR attributions affect employee well‐being. Specifically, we conceptualize that leaders and subordinates form (dis)similar frames of reference based upon employee well‐being HR attribution, which impacts employee well‐being through organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE) in different ways. Using polynomial regression and response surface modeling, our results confirm our hypotheses to show that leader–subordinate agreement on employee well‐being HR attribution positively impacts OBSE, with a stronger effect when such attribution agreement is high rather than low. Furthermore, when subordinates have a higher level of employee well‐being HR attribution compared with the leader, there is a more pronounced positive impact on OBSE, which, in turn, enhances employee well‐being. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our study to the HR literature.
Sodiation of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) in Basic Solution Studied by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hiraoka Kenzo , Ninomiya Satoshi , Rankin‐Turner Stephanie , Suzuki Noa , Akashi Satoko 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn our previous work, the sodiation of melittin, cytochrome c, and ubiquitin in a 1 mM NaOH water/methanol solution was studied by electrospray mass spectrometry. It was suggested that the α‐helix is more resistant to sodiation than the β‐sheet. In this study, sodiation of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) composed of a β‐barrel was studied in 1% CH3COOH (AcOH) or 1 mM NaOH water/methanol solution by electrospray mass spectrometry. Although EGFP was denatured in an acidic solution, it maintains a near‐native structure in a basic solution. For the 1% AcOH solution, the protonated EGFP, [EGFP + nH − mH + mNa]n+, with n = 14 − 36 and m = 0 was detected. For 1 mM NaOH, the number n for [EGFP + nH − mH + mNa]n+ was found to increase with the sodiation number m and vice versa for [EGFP + nH − mH + mNa]n−. Namely, Na+ adducts counteract the negative charges of deprotonated acidic residues. The protonated EGFP detected as major ions for basic 1 mM NaOH was ascribed to the more surface‐active H3O+(aq) than OH−(aq).
The Intricate Interplay: Microbial Metabolites and the Gut‐Liver‐Brain Axis in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Kollaparampil Kishanchand Dayamrita , K. A. Athira Krishnan , Chandrababu Krishnapriya , Philips Cyriac Abby , Sivan Unnikrishnan , Pulikaparambil Sasidharan Baby Chakrapani 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTParkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the depletion of dopaminergic neurons. Recent studies highlight the gut‐liver‐brain (GLB) axis and its role in PD pathogenesis. The GLB axis forms a dynamic network facilitating bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and central nervous system. Dysregulation within this axis, encompassing gut dysbiosis and microbial metabolites, is emerging as a critical factor influencing PD progression. Our understanding of PD was traditionally centered on neurodegenerative processes within the brain. However, examining PD through the lens of the GLB axis provides new insights. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of microbial metabolites, such as short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO), kynurenine, serotonin, bile acids, indoles, and dopamine, which are integral to PD pathogenesis by modulation of the GLB axis. Our extensive research included a comprehensive literature review and database searches utilizing resources such as gutMGene and gutMDisorder. These databases have been instrumental in identifying specific microbes and their metabolites, shedding light on the intricate relationship between the GLB axis and PD. This review consolidates existing knowledge and underscores the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions based on the GLB axis and its components, which offer new avenues for future PD research and treatment strategies. While the GLB axis is not a novel concept, this review is the first to focus specifically on its role in PD, highlighting the importance of integrating the liver and microbial metabolites as central players in the PD puzzle.
Identification and Revitalization Strategies of Rural Regional System Types Based on Human‐Land Coupling: A Case Study in the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Huang Yunxin , Li Maoying , Qu Lulu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe development state of rural regional system (RRS) offers an insight into relationship between human and earth in rural area. Identifying RRS types and making corresponding revitalization strategies are crucial for promoting rural sustainable development. Based on human‐land system science, type identification index system was constructed to identify types of RRS. Using 3197 township administrative units in China's Loess Plateau, principal component analysis and spatial cluster analysis methods were applied to analyze the dominant elements and identify RRS types. The findings reveal that: (1) Dominant factors influencing the development of the RRS development in the Loess Plateau are geographical basic conditions, ecological environment quality, agricultural development level, rural urbanization level, state of population development, and economic non‐agricultural level in order of leading role. These factors collectively constitute the foundational support and impetus for rural development and the multi‐body structure of RRS through their interactive and intercoupled effects; (2) The dominant factors show obvious spatial differentiation in space in the Loess Plateau, based on which RRS can be categorized into 4 primary zones and 10 secondary zones. The primary zones encompass the western plateau natural environment constrained area, the northern eco‐climate constrained area, the hilly ecological conservation constrained area, and the valley plain integrated development area; and (3) The rural development strategies for the Loess Plateau should follow the RRS spatio‐temporal differentiation law of “Pole–Field–Zone–Network” (PFZN), adhere to fundamental principles such as ecological priority and human–land coordination, and promote the development of rural leading industries, industries integrated development, and urban–rural integrated development according to classification and local conditions. Results can provide theoretical and practical reference for the formulation and implementation of regional rural revitalization strategy planning.
Study on the Hot Corrosion Behavior of Nitrogen‐Containing Nickel‐Based Cladding Layer in Na2SO4 + NaCl Mixed Salt at 700°C
Authors: Yang Zhixin , Su Yunhai , Feng Shuo , Yang Taisen , Dai Zhiyong , Li Haoxing , Yang Yang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBased on the core idea of replacing Ni with N, this article designs a nitrogen‐containing nickel‐based alloy powder for plasma cladding. The corrosion behavior of Inconel 625 and the nitrogen‐containing nickel‐based cladding layer in a mixture of 75% Na₂SO₄ + 25% NaCl at 700°C was studied, and its mechanism was analyzed. The results of corrosion weight loss show that the corrosion weight loss per unit area of Inconel 625 is 2.95 times that of the nitrogen‐containing nickel‐based alloy. The results of XRD, SEM of surface corrosion and elemental distribution indicate that the phase compositions of Inconel 625 and the nitrogen‐containing nickel‐based alloy after corrosion are basically the same, all containing Cr₂O₃, NiO, Fe₂O₃, NiCr₂O₄, and Ni₃S₂. NiFe₂O₄ was also detected in the nitrogen‐containing nickel‐based cladding layer. Through the cross‐sectional morphology and elemental distribution after the corrosion of the cladding layer, it can be seen that a chromium‐depleted layer appears in Inconel 625 after corrosion, while it was not observed in the nitrogen‐containing nickel‐based cladding layer. In summary, the corrosion resistance of the nitrogen‐containing nickel‐based cladding layer to the Na₂SO₄ + NaCl molten salt is better than that of Inconel 625. It can be proved through the corrosion mechanism and XPS that Cr₂O₃ plays a crucial role in it.