bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of air gap depth on Trombe wall system using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Abbas Ehsan F , Al-abady Abdulnasser , Raja Vijayanandh , AL-bonsrulah Hussein A Z , Al-Bahrani Mohammed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The present study aimed to develop a computational model to understand the effect of air gap depth on the Trombe wall (TW) system. The simulation was performed for midday of January 17, 2017, at a Kirkuk city/Iraq; at this time, the solar intensity was at a maximum value equal to 487.1 W/m2, ambient temperature 10.1°C and wind speed 0.7 km/h. The result of the simulations is investigated with the experimental work in the literature. The various parameters such as thermal efficiency, inlet and outlet temperatures from air gap, room temperature and air mass flow rate in the air gap channel have been considered in simulation. The comparison result showed a good agreement between the predicted results and experimental work. This research work will be useful for the research community to understand the effect of air gap depth in TW system.
Rapid Detection and Determination of Scopolamine in the Leaf Extract of Black Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) Plants Using a Novel Nanosensor
Authors: Mousavizadeh Fatemeh Sadat , Sarlak Nahid , Ghorbanpour Mansour , Ghafarzadegan Reza 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
Scopolamine is among the most essential tropane alkaloids used to remedy various nervous system disorders such as urinary incontinence, motion sickness, and spasmodic movements because of its anticholinergic and antispasmodic effects.

Objective
In this study, an optical nanosensor was fabricated using nano-Dragendorff’s reagent to detect and determine scopolamine in different plant parts at different stages of growth.

Method
For fabrication of the sensing phase, GO-g-PCA/DR was synthesized by encapsulation of Dragendorff’s reagent (DR) on the graphene oxide grafted with poly citric acid (GO-g-PCA) with ultrasonication for 15 min and stirred for 80 min at room temperature, and then it was immobilized on a triacetyl cellulose membrane. The kinetic absorption profiles were recorded at 360 nm, which is concerned with the reaction between immobilized GO-g-PCA/DR and different concentrations of scopolamine.

Results
The nanosensor showed a rapid, strong, and stable response to the scopolamine solution with changing the absorption spectrum at 360 nm. The reaction was completed in a period of 300 s. The SEM, AFM, and FT-IR analysis of nanocomposites and nanosensors show the successful synthesis of GO-g-PCA/DR and the reaction between nanosensor and scopolamine. All experiments were performed at the wavelength of 360 nm, room temperature, pH 7 (the scopolamine solution pH), and 300 s. The nanosensor had a linear range of 0.65 to 19.63 μg/mL and 0.19 ± 0.025 μg/mL as the limit of detection for scopolamine determination. In order to reuse the designed nanosensor, it was recovered with ethanol, and the color ultimately returned to its original state.

Conclusions
This in situ nanosensor can determine the scopolamine in real samples with easy reversibility, extended lifetime, and reproducibility of the sensing phase response.

Highlights
A sensitive, precise, and fast response optical nanosensor is designed for in situ determination of scopolamine in real samples.
Effects of diet on feed intake, weight change, and gas emissions in beef cows
Authors: Holder Amanda L , Gross Megan A , Moehlenpah Alexandra N , Goad Carla L , Rolf Megan , Walker Ryon S , Rogers James K , Lalman David L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of diet energy density on ranking for dry matter intake (DMI), residual feed intake (RFI), and greenhouse gas emissions. Forty-two mature, gestating Angus cows (600 ± 69 kg body weight [BW]; body condition score [BCS] 5.3 ± 1.1) with a wide range in DMI expected progeny difference (−1.38 to 2.91) were randomly assigned to two diet sequences; forage then concentrate (FC) or concentrate then forage (CF). The forage diet consisted of long-stem native grass hay plus protein supplement (HAY; 1.96 Mcal ME/kg DM). The concentrate diet consisted of 35% chopped grass hay and 65% concentrate feeds on a dry matter basis (MIX; 2.5 Mcal ME/kg DM). The GreenFeed Emission Monitoring system was used to determine carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and methane (CH4) flux. Cow performance traits, ultrasound back fat and rump fat, feed DMI, and gas flux data were analyzed in a crossover design using a mixed model including diet, period, and sequence as fixed effects and pen and cow within sequence as random effects. For all measured traits excluding DMI, there was a diet × sequence interaction (P &lt; 0.05). The correlation between MIX and HAY DMI was 0.41 (P = 0.067) and 0.47 (P = 0.03) for FC and CF sequences, respectively. There was no relationship (P &gt; 0.66) between HAY and MIX average daily gain (ADG), regardless of sequence. Fifty-seven percent of the variation in DMI was explained by metabolic BW, ADG, and BCS for both diets during the first period. During the second period, the same three explanatory variables accounted for 38% and 37% of the variation in DMI for MIX and HAY diets, respectively. The negative relationship between BCS and DMI was more pronounced when cows consumed the MIX diet. There was no relationship between MIX and HAY RFI, regardless of sequence (P &gt; 0.18). During the first period, correlations for CO2, CH4, and O2 with MIX DMI were 0.69, 0.81, and 0.56 (P ≤ 0.015), respectively, and 0.76, 0.74, and 0.64 (P &lt; 0.01) with HAY DMI. During the second period, correlations for CO2, CH4, and O2 with MIX DMI were 0.62, 0.47, and 0.56 (P ≤ 0.11), respectively. However, HAY DMI during the second period was not related to gas flux (P &gt; 0.47). Results from this experiment indicate that feed intake of two energy-diverse diets is moderately correlated while ADG while consuming the two diets is not related. Further experimentation is necessary to determine if gas flux data can be used to predict feed intake in beef cows.
Dynamics, structure and assembly of the basement membrane in developing salivary glands revealed by an exogenous EGFP-tagged nidogen probe
Authors: Kadoya Yuichi , Futaki Sugiko , Shimono Chisei , Kimura Taketoshi , Sekiguchi Kiyotoshi 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Most epithelial tissues rapidly become complex during embryonic development while being surrounded by the basement membrane (BM). Thus, the BM shape is thought to change dramatically as the epithelium grows, but the underlying mechanism is not yet clear. Nidogen-1 is ubiquitous in the BM and binds to various other BM components, including laminin and type IV collagen. To elucidate the behavior of the BM during epithelial morphogenesis, we attempted to live-label the developing BM with recombinant human nidogen-1 fused to an enhanced green fluorescent protein (hNid1-EGFP). Submandibular glands of mouse embryos were cultured in glass-bottomed dishes and incubated in media containing hNid1-EGFP. Subsequent confocal microscopy clearly visualized the BMs surrounding the epithelial end buds. On three-dimensional reconstruction from Z-series confocal sections, the epithelial BM was observed as a thin sheet that expanded continuously around the entire epithelial basal surface. Because the explants continued to grow well in the presence of hNid1-EGFP, time-lapse confocal microscopy was performed to follow the dynamics of the BM. We found that the epithelial BM is an adaptive structure that deforms in accordance with the rapid shape changes of the developing epithelium. Furthermore, hNid1-EGFP was found to be incorporated differently into the epithelial BM compared with that reported for fibronectin or type IV collagen, suggesting that individual BM components assemble in different ways to form the BM.
Spatially resolved study of the SS 433/W 50 west region with Chandra: X-ray structure and spectral variation of non-thermal emission
Authors: Kayama Kazuho , Tanaka Takaaki , Uchida Hiroyuki , Tsuru Takeshi Go , Sudoh Takahiro , Inoue Yoshiyuki , Khangulyan Dmitry , Tsuji Naomi , Yamamoto Hiroaki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe X-ray binary SS 433, embedded in the W 50 nebula (or supernova remnant W 50), shows bipolar jets that are ejected with mildly relativistic velocities and which extend toward the east and west out to scales of tens of parsecs. Previous X-ray observations revealed twin lobes along the jet precession axis that contain compact bright knots dominated by synchrotron radiation, which provide evidence of electron acceleration in this system. Particle acceleration in this system is substantiated by the recently detected gamma rays with energies up to at least 25 TeV. To elucidate the origin of the knots and particle acceleration sites in SS 433/W 50 further, we report here on detailed, spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy of its western lobe with Chandra. We detect synchrotron emission along the jet precession axis, as well as optically thin thermal emission that is more spatially extended. Between the two previously known knots, w1 and w2, we discover another synchrotron knot, which we call w1.5. We find no significant synchrotron emission between SS 433 and the innermost X-ray knot (w1), suggesting that electrons only begin to be accelerated at w1. The X-ray spectra become gradually steeper from w1 to w2, and then rapidly so immediately outside of w2. Through comparison with a model taking into account electron transport and cooling along the jet, this result indicates that the magnetic field in w2 is substantially enhanced, which also explains its brightness. We discuss possible origins of the enhanced magnetic field of w2 as well as scenarios to explain the other two knots.
A genotype-specific architectural and physiological profile is involved in the flowering regularity of apple trees
Authors: Belhassine Fares , Pallas Benoît , Pierru-Bluy Sylvie , Martinez Sébastien , Fumey Damien , Costes Evelyne 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn polycarpic plants, meristem fate varies within individuals in a given year. In perennials, the proportion of floral induction (FI) in meristems also varies between consecutive years and among genotypes of a given species. Previous studies have suggested that FI of meristems could be determined by the within-plant competition for carbohydrates and by hormone signaling as key components of the flowering pathway. At the genotypic level, variability in FI was also associated with variability in architectural traits. However, the part of genotype-dependent variability in FI that can be explained by either tree architecture or tree physiology is still not fully understood. This study aimed at deciphering the respective effect of architectural and physiological traits on FI variability within apple trees by comparing six genotypes with contrasted architectures. Shoot type demography as well as the flowering and fruit production patterns were followed over 6 years and characterized by different indexes. Architectural morphotypes were then defined based on architectural traits using a clustering approach. For two successive years, non-structural starch content in leaf, stem and meristems, and hormonal contents (gibberellins, cytokinins, auxin and abscisic acid) in meristems were quantified and correlated to FI within-tree proportions. Based on a multi-step regression analysis, cytokinins and gibberellins content in meristem, starch content in leaves and the proportion of long shoots in tree annual growth were shown to contribute to FI. Although the predictive linear model of FI was common to all genotypes, each of the explicative variables had a different weight in FI determination, depending on the genotype. Our results therefore suggest both a common determination model and a genotype-specific architectural and physiological profile linked to its flowering behavior.
Function of a non-enzymatic hexokinase LcHXK1 as glucose sensor in regulating litchi fruit abscission
Authors: Yi Jun-Wen , Ge Han-Tao , Abbas Farhat , Zhao Jie-Tang , Huang Xu-Ming , Hu Gui-Bing , Wang Hui-Cong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fruit abscission is a severe hindrance to commercial crop production, and a lack of carbohydrates causes fruit abscission to intensify in a variety of plant species. However, the precise mechanism by which carbohydrates affect fruit setting potential has yet to be determined. In the current study, we noticed negative correlation between hexose level and fruit setting by comparing different cultivars, bearing shoots of varying diameters, and girdling and defoliation treatments. The cumulative fruit-dropping rate was significantly reduced in response to exogenous glucose dipping. These results suggested that hexose, especially glucose, is the key player in lowering litchi fruit abscission. Moreover, five putative litchi hexokinase genes (LcHXKs) were isolated and the subcellular localization as well as activity of their expressed proteins in catalyzing hexose phosphorylation were investigated. LcHXK2 was only found in mitochondria and expressed catalytic protein, whereas the other four HXKs were found in both mitochondria and nuclei and had no activity in catalyzing hexose phosphorylation. LcHXK1 and LcHXK4 were found in the same cluster as previously reported hexose sensors AtHXK1 and MdHXK1. Furthermore, VIGS-mediated silencing assay confirms that LcHXK1 suppression increases fruit abscission. These findings revealed that LcHXK1 functions as hexose sensor, negatively regulating litchi fruit abscission.
The effects of hypertension on the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the interactions with age and antihypertensive treatment
Authors: Kabia Alimamy Umaru , Li Ping , Jin Zhichao , Tan Xiaojie , Liu Yilong , Feng Yuqi , Yu Keyao , Hu Ming , Jiang Dongming , Cao Guangwen 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Hypertension and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have been reported to be associated with the prognosis of COVID-19, but the findings remain controversial. Here, we conducted a systematic review to summarize the current evidence.

Methods:
We retrieved all the studies by MEDLINE via PubMed, CENTRAL, and Embase using the MeSH terms until 30 April 2021. A fixed or random effect model was applied to calculate pooled adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Interactive analysis was performed to identify the interaction effect of hypertension and age on in-hospital mortality.

Results:
In total, 86 articles with 18 775 387 COVID-19 patients from 18 countries were included in this study. The pooled analysis showed that the COVID-19 patients with hypertension had increased risks of in-hospital mortality and other adverse outcomes, compared with those without hypertension, with an AOR (95% CI) of 1.36 (1.28–1.45) and 1.32 (1.24–1.41), respectively. The results were mostly repeated in countries with more than three independent studies. Furthermore, the effect of hypertension on in-hospital mortality is more evident in younger and older COVID-19 patients than in 60–69-year-old patients. ACEI/ARBs did not significantly affect the mortality and adverse outcomes of COVID-19 patients, compared with those receiving other antihypertensive treatments.

Conclusion:
Hypertension is significantly associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality and adverse outcomes in COVID-19. The effect of hypertension on in-hospital mortality among consecutive age groups followed a U-shaped curve. ACEI/ARB treatments do not increase in-hospital mortality and other poor outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypertension.
Residential Homes with Extremely High Indoor Radon Concentrations in Southern Lehigh County, Pennsylvania
Authors: Lewis R.K. , Bleiler D.S. , Smith R.C. , Allard D.J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A housing development of 87 new homes on approximately 300 acres of former farm land was found to have 19 homes with basement radon-222 (222Rn) concentrations greater than 37,000 Bq m−3, with the highest recorded result to date being 648,000 +/− 1,031 Bq m−3, based upon the diffusion barrier charcoal canister result. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Action Level for 222 Rn is 148 Bq m−3. This single-family housing development is in the southeast corner of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, about 58 km northwest of Philadelphia, in a geologic unit known as the Epler Formation. Radon testing in homes in this development began in the fall of 2014 and is now complete. Initial testing consisted of charcoal canisters mailed to homeowners. Subsequent testing in newly built homes consisted of testing prior to occupancy. This testing was quite extensive, with continuous radon monitors, passive radon monitors, and grab sampling for radon gas and progeny in the basement and on the first floor of each home as well as gamma surveys in the basement, on the first and second floors, and outside of each home. All but one of the new houses in this development had passive radon resistant features installed during the construction phase. In all cases, fans were added to the passive systems to make them active systems, which were needed to control these extremely high radon levels. Additional radon mitigation work such as adding additional suction points was also needed in several homes to reduce levels to below EPA guidelines. The unique geology and high 226Ra soil concentrations in this specific area are the causes of these extremely high radon levels. Radon measurement data both inside these homes and in the outdoor ambient air, as well as 238U and 222Ra rock and soil concentrations, are presented.
Changes in Social Relationships and Physical Functions in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: JIAO Dandan , WATANABE MIURA Kumi , SAWADA Yuko , TANAKA Emiko , WATANABE Taeko , TOMISAKI Etsuko , ITO Sumio , OKUMURA Rika , KAWASAKI Yuriko , ANME Tokie 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Social relationships are associated with physical function. However, little scholarly attention has been focused on the effect of changing social factors on physical function.

Purpose
This study was designed to examine the effects on physical function of changes in social relationships in adults aged 65 years and older.

Methods
This study is part of a longitudinal, prospective cohort study that was conducted on community-dwelling older adults in a suburban area of central Japan. Baseline self-report data were collected in 2011, and a follow-up survey was conducted in 2017. Social relationships were assessed using the Index of Social Interaction, and physical function was evaluated using a subscale of the Kihon Checklist. Chi-square tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to analyze data from 442 older adults who were functionally independent at baseline.

Results
After controlling for covariates in 2011, negative changes in social relationships (odds ratio [OR] = 3.20, 95% CI [1.18, 8.69]) were found to be associated with physical function decline. Moreover, 1-point increases in the different social-relationship values between baseline and follow-up were associated with protective effects against functional decline (OR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.63, 0.80]). Furthermore, median trends between baseline and follow-up revealed associations between decreasing (OR = 4.18, 95% CI [1.53, 11.39]) and continuously low (OR = 2.98, 95% CI [1.42, 6.28]) social relationships and physical function decline.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
The findings support a strong association between negative changes in social relationships and physical function decline and highlight the importance of promoting social relationships to delay physical function decline in older adults.
The role of ex-situ perfusion for thoracic organs
Authors: Roesel Maximilian J. , Wiegmann Bettina , Ius Fabio , Knosalla Christoph , Iske Jasper 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Ex-situ machine perfusion for both heart (HTx) and lung transplantation (LuTx) reduces ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), allows for greater flexibility in geographical donor management, continuous monitoring, organ assessment for extended evaluation, and potential reconditioning of marginal organs. In this review, we will delineate the impact of machine perfusion, characterize novel opportunities, and outline potential challenges lying ahead to improve further implementation.

Recent findings
Due to the success of several randomized controlled trials (RCT), comparing cold storage to machine perfusion in HTx and LuTx, implementation and innovation continues. Indeed, it represents a promising interface for organ-specific therapies targeting IRI, allo-immune responses, and graft reconditioning. These mostly experimental efforts range from genetic approaches and nanotechnology to cellular therapies, involving mesenchymal stem cell application. Despite tremendous potential, prior to clinical transition, more data is needed.

Summary
Collectively, machine perfusion constitutes the vanguard in thoracic organ transplantation research with extensive potential for expanding the donor pool, enhancing transplant outcomes as well as developing novel therapy approaches.
From bench to bedside: reversing established antibody responses and desensitization
Authors: Chong Anita S. , Habal Marlena V. 
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review
Basic transplant immunology has primarily focused on the definition of mechanisms, but an often-stated aspirational goal is to translate basic mechanistic research into future therapy. Pretransplant donor-specific antibodies (DSA) mediate hyperacute as well as early antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), whereas DSA developing late posttransplantation may additionally mediate chronic rejection. Although contemporary immunosuppression effectively prevents early cellular rejection after transplant in nonsensitized patients, it is less effective at controlling preexisting HLA antibody responses or reversing DSA once established, thus underscoring a need for better therapies.

Recent findings
We here review the development of a bench-to-bedside approach involving transient proteasome inhibition to deplete plasma cells, combined with maintenance co-stimulation blockade, with CTLA-4Ig or belatacept, to prevent the generation of new antibody-secreting cells (ASCs).

Summary
This review discusses how this treatment regimen, which was rationally designed and validated to reverse established DSA responses in mouse models, translated into reversing active AMR in the clinic, as well as desensitizing highly sensitized patients on the transplant waitlist.