bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condensed-phase isomerization through tunnelling gateways
Authors: Choudhury Arnab , DeVine Jessalyn A. , Sinha Shreya , Lau Jascha A. , Kandratsenka Alexander , Schwarzer Dirk , Saalfrank Peter , Wodtke Alec M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractQuantum mechanical tunnelling describes transmission of matter waves through a barrier with height larger than the energy of the wave1. Tunnelling becomes important when the de Broglie wavelength of the particle exceeds the barrier thickness; because wavelength increases with decreasing mass, lighter particles tunnel more efficiently than heavier ones. However, there exist examples in condensed-phase chemistry where increasing mass leads to increased tunnelling rates2. In contrast to the textbook approach, which considers transitions between continuum states, condensed-phase reactions involve transitions between bound states of reactants and products. Here this conceptual distinction is highlighted by experimental measurements of isotopologue-specific tunnelling rates for CO rotational isomerization at an NaCl surface3,4, showing nonmonotonic mass dependence. A quantum rate theory of isomerization is developed wherein transitions between sub-barrier reactant and product states occur through interaction with the environment. Tunnelling is fastest for specific pairs of states (gateways), the quantum mechanical details of which lead to enhanced cross-barrier coupling; the energies of these gateways arise nonsystematically, giving an erratic mass dependence. Gateways also accelerate ground-state isomerization, acting as leaky holes through the reaction barrier. This simple model provides a way to account for tunnelling in condensed-phase chemistry, and indicates that heavy-atom tunnelling may be more important than typically assumed.
A fluorescent multi-domain protein reveals the unfolding mechanism of Hsp70
Authors: Tiwari Satyam , Fauvet Bruno , Assenza Salvatore , De Los Rios Paolo , Goloubinoff Pierre 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDetailed understanding of the mechanism by which Hsp70 chaperones protect cells against protein aggregation is hampered by the lack of a comprehensive characterization of the aggregates, which are typically heterogeneous. Here we designed a reporter chaperone substrate, MLucV, composed of a stress-labile luciferase flanked by stress-resistant fluorescent domains, which upon denaturation formed a discrete population of small aggregates. Combining Förster resonance energy transfer and enzymatic activity measurements provided unprecedented details on the aggregated, unfolded, Hsp70-bound and native MLucV conformations. The Hsp70 mechanism first involved ATP-fueled disaggregation and unfolding of the stable pre-aggregated substrate, which stretched MLucV beyond simply unfolded conformations, followed by native refolding. The ATP-fueled unfolding and refolding action of Hsp70 on MLucV aggregates could accumulate native MLucV species under elevated denaturing temperatures highly adverse to the native state. These results unambiguously exclude binding and preventing of aggregation from the non-equilibrium mechanism by which Hsp70 converts stable aggregates into metastable native proteins.
In-hospital risk stratification algorithm of Asian elderly patients
Authors: Kasim Sazzli , Malek Sorayya , Cheen Song , Safiruz Muhammad Shahreeza , Ahmad Wan Azman Wan , Ibrahim Khairul Shafiq , Aziz Firdaus , Negishi Kazuaki , Ibrahim Nurulain 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLimited research has been conducted in Asian elderly patients (aged 65 years and above) for in-hospital mortality prediction after an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) using Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML). We used DL and ML to predict in-hospital mortality in Asian elderly STEMI patients and compared it to a conventional risk score for myocardial infraction outcomes. Malaysia's National Cardiovascular Disease Registry comprises an ethnically diverse Asian elderly population (3991 patients). 50 variables helped in establishing the in-hospital death prediction model. The TIMI score was used to predict mortality using DL and feature selection methods from ML algorithms. The main performance metric was the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The DL and ML model constructed using ML feature selection outperforms the conventional risk scoring score, TIMI (AUC 0.75). DL built from ML features (AUC ranging from 0.93 to 0.95) outscored DL built from all features (AUC 0.93). The TIMI score underestimates mortality in the elderly. TIMI predicts 18.4% higher mortality than the DL algorithm (44.7%). All ML feature selection algorithms identify age, fasting blood glucose, heart rate, Killip class, oral hypoglycemic agent, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol as common predictors of mortality in the elderly. In a multi-ethnic population, DL outperformed the TIMI risk score in classifying elderly STEMI patients. ML improves death prediction by identifying separate characteristics in older Asian populations. Continuous testing and validation will improve future risk classification, management, and results.
Structure–function correlates of vision loss in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Gigengack Norman K. , Oertel Frederike C. , Motamedi Seyedamirhosein , Bereuter Charlotte , Duchow Ankelien , Rust Rebekka , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Ruprecht Klemens , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja , Paul Friedemann , Brandt Alexander U. , Zimmermann Hanna G. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOptic neuritis (ON) in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) regularly leads to more profound vision loss compared to multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-antibody associated disease (MOGAD). Here we investigate ON-related vision loss in NMOSD compared to MS and MOGAD in order to identify neuroaxonal and retinal contributors to visual dysfunction. In this retrospective study we included patients with aquaporin-4-antibody seropositive NMOSD (n = 28), MOGAD (n = 14), MS (n = 29) and controls (n = 14). We assessed optic nerve damage and fovea morphometry by optical coherence tomography. Visual function was assessed as high (HCVA) and low contrast visual acuity (LCVA), and visual fields' mean deviation (MD). In all diseases, lower visual function was associated with peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIP) thinning following a broken stick model, with pRNFL and GCIP cutoff point at ca. 60 µm. HCVA loss per µm pRNFL and GCIP thinning was stronger in NMOSD compared with MOGAD. Foveal inner rim volume contributed to MD and LCVA in NMOSD eyes, only. Together these data supports that visual dysfunction in NMOSD is associated with neuroaxonal damage beyond the effect seen in MS and MOGAD. A primary retinopathy, respectively Müller cell pathology, may contribute to this effect.
Investigation of fragment separation during a circular saw blade cutting rock based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA
Authors: Wang Zhiwen , Zeng Qingliang , Wan Lirong , Lu Zhenguo , Zhou Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCircular saw blades are widely used in stone processing. The circular saw blade cutting hard rock numerical simulation model based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA was established to investigate the complex dynamic problem in rock cutting. The failure mechanism of the rock and the influence of cutting parameters on the cutting force and rock fragments were studied by numerical simulation. The results demonstrated that the failure modes of the rock were mainly tensile failure with some shear failure and compressive failure. The cutting force and the number of fragments increased with the feed speed. With the increasing circular saw blade rotational speed, the cutting force and the number of fragments decreased and tended to stabilize. With the distance between the circular saw blades increasing, the cutting force and rock fragments number increase and then maintain basic stability, and when the distance between double circular saw blades reaches 25 mm, it will form a completed rock plate and the interaction of circular saw blades will decrease. The numerical simulation can accurately simulate rock breakage and force when a circular saw blade cuts rock.
Improved empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and its application in non-stationary vibration signal of transformer
Authors: Ni Ruizheng , Qiu Ruichang , Jin Zheming , Chen Jie , Liu Zhigang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe resonant frequency of the transformer contains information related to its structure. It is easier to identify the resonance frequency in the vibration signal during the hammer test and power on than in the operation of the transformer, because the vibration caused by the load current does not need to be considered during the hammer test and power on. Therefore, an analysis method with simple calculation, fast calculation speed and easy real-time monitoring is needed to deal with these two non-stationary vibrations. Vibration monitoring can understand the health status of transformer in real time, improve the reliability of power supply and give early warning in the early stage of faults. A new frequency domain segmentation method is proposed in this paper. This method can effectively process the vibration signal of transformer and identify its resonant frequency. Eleven different load states are set on the transformer. The method proposed in this paper can extract the resonant frequency of the transformer from the hammering test signal. Compared with the original empirical wavelet transform method, this method can divide the frequency domain more effectively, has higher time–frequency resolution, and the running time of the modified method is shortened from 80 to 2 s. The universality of this method is proved by experiments on three different types of transformers.
Mapping tropical forest functional variation at satellite remote sensing resolutions depends on key traits
Authors: Ordway Elsa M. , Asner Gregory P. , Burslem David F. R. P. , Lewis Simon L. , Nilus Reuben , Martin Roberta E. , O’Brien Michael J. , Phillips Oliver L. , Qie Lan , Vaughn Nicholas R. , Moorcroft Paul R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough tropical forests differ substantially in form and function, they are often represented as a single biome in global change models, hindering understanding of how different tropical forests will respond to environmental change. The response of the tropical forest biome to environmental change is strongly influenced by forest type. Forest types differ based on functional traits and forest structure, which are readily derived from high resolution airborne remotely sensed data. Whether the spatial resolution of emerging satellite-derived hyperspectral data is sufficient to identify different tropical forest types is unclear. Here, we resample airborne remotely sensed forest data at spatial resolutions relevant to satellite remote sensing (30 m) across two sites in Malaysian Borneo. Using principal component and cluster analysis, we derive and map seven forest types. We find ecologically relevant variations in forest type that correspond to substantial differences in carbon stock, growth, and mortality rate. We find leaf mass per area and canopy phosphorus are critical traits for distinguishing forest type. Our findings highlight the importance of these parameters for accurately mapping tropical forest types using space borne observations.
Motivation Theory and Practice in Aphasia Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Biel Michael , Enclade Hillary , Richardson Amber , Guerrero Anna , Patterson Janet 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:In the aphasia literature, motivation has been described as potentially influencing rehabilitation outcomes, and there are reports that researchers and clinicians have acted to promote it. However, studies directly investigating the range of beliefs and practices surrounding motivation do not exist currently. The purpose of this scoping review is to develop themes related to the beliefs and practices appearing in the recent aphasia literature.Method:Four databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar) were searched using keywordsaphasiaandmotivation(including derivatives such as motiv*) for articles published between 2009 and 2020. Searches returned 19,731 articles; after deleting duplicates and applying inclusionary criteria, 365 articles remained. In each article, text surrounding the termmotivationwas highlighted and thematic analysis was applied to these quotations.Results:Sixteen themes were developed through thematic analysis and placed into two groups. The first group contained five themes suggesting that researchers believed that motivation should be studied and recognized the value of motivation in person(s) with aphasia when participating in research or clinical activities. The second group contained 11 themes reporting diverse beliefs and practices in how motivation is incorporated in research and clinical activities.Conclusions:Results from this scoping review suggest that aphasia researchers, clinicians, and persons with aphasia hold beliefs about motivation that can influence clinical and research decisions. In general, beliefs and decisions related to motivation appeared to be guided by intuition rather than theories of motivation. These themes are discussed within the context of three psychological needs proposed by self-determination theory: competency, autonomy, and relatedness. Applying theories of motivation to future study in aphasia rehabilitation will guide work that can provide empirical support for these beliefs.
Epidemiological Review: Esophagus Squamous Cell Carcinoma in India
Authors: Rajput Nikita , Gholap Devyani , Mhatre Sharayu , Dikshit Rajesh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWorldwide the incidence of esophagus squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), remains one of the most common causes of cancer death. ESCC is one of the leading types of cancer in the North and Northeast regions of India among both genders. Risk factors of ESCC include tobacco, alcohol, areca nut, hot beverages, low fruit diet, poor oral hygiene, unpiped water, and human papillomavirus infection. This review tries to elaborate on various modifiable risk factors for ESCC, which have been studied worldwide and need to be studied in India. PubMed was used as a search platform using keywords, such as “esophagus cancer,” “esophagus squamous cell carcinoma,” “epidemiology,” “India,” “incidence,” “mortality,” “risk factors,” “treatment,” “survival,” “prevention” and their corresponding Medical Subject Heading terms, were used in combination with Boolean operators “OR” and “AND.” Studies from India are mostly hospital-based case-control studies from the North region. Further research is required in India to understand the etiology, to design large-scale screening and prevention strategies.
Os efeitos do colágeno hidrolisado e do peptídeo de colágeno no tratamento de lesões condrais superficiais: Um estudo experimental
Authors: dos Santos Deivid Ramos , Xavier Debora Pinheiro , de Ataíde Letícia Amanda Pinheiro , Bentes Lívia Guerreiro de Barros , Lemos Rafael Silva , Giubilei Dante Bernardes , de Barros Rui Sergio Monteiro 
Published: October 2022

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos do colágeno hidrolisado e do peptídeo de colágeno no tratamento de lesões condrais superficiais de ratos.
Método Foram utilizados 18 Rattus norvegicus nesta pesquisa. O dano articular foi induzido por uma única infiltração intra-articular de iodoacetato de sódio (solução 2 mg), injetada através do ligamento patelar da articulação dos animais previamente anestesiados. Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos: grupo controle, grupo peptídeo de colágeno e grupo colágeno hidrolisado. O tratamento foi realizado por 30 dias com a administração via oral do peptídeo de colágeno ou do colágeno hidrolisado. Posteriormente, foi realizada a eutanásia dos experimentos e seguiu-se para o estudo das alterações condrais articulares. Os resultados foram avaliados conforme contagem de condrócitos por cluster e através da avaliação histológica segundo Pritzker et al.
Resultados Ao observar os estágios de lesão, não foi observada significância estatística entre os grupos controle, colágeno hidrolisado e peptídeo de colágeno (p = 0,11). Ao observar os escores, houve significância estatística na comparação do grupo tratado com colágeno hidrolisado e o grupo peptídeo colágeno (p < 0,05), porém sem diferença estatística em relação ao grupo controle.
Conclusão Os tratamentos propostos da lesão condral induzida com uso de colágeno hidrolisado ou peptídeos de colágeno via oral mostraram-se eficazes, com estabilização ou regressão da lesão apresentada em ratos, merecendo novas pesquisas experimentais com o intuito de compreender e melhorar o desfecho primário deste trabalho.
Detection of a Novel G2603T Mutation in cfr Harboring Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus: First Report from India
Authors: Khodabux Rhea Michelle J. , Mariappan Shanthi , Sekar Uma 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background Staphylococcus haemolyticus has emerged as an important multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen. Linezolid is useful in the treatment of severe infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. Resistance to linezolid in Staphylococci is due to one or more of the following mechanisms: acquisition of the cfr (chloramphenicol florfenicol resistance) gene, mutation in the central loop of domain V of the 23S rRNA, and mutation in the rplC and rplD genes. This study was carried out to detect and characterize resistance to linezolid among the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus.
Materials and Methods The study included 84 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Susceptibility to various antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method for linezolid. Methicillin resistance was screened using oxacillin and cefoxitin disc. Polymerase chain reaction was done to detect mecA, cfr and mutations in the V domain of the 23S rRNA gene.
Results Resistance to linezolid was exhibited by 3 of the 84 study isolates with MIC more than 128 µg/mL. The cfr gene was detected in all the three isolates. The G2603T mutation was observed in the domain V of the 23S rRNA among two isolates, whereas one isolate lacked any mutation.
Conclusion The emergence and spread of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolates carrying G2603T mutation in the domain V of the 23S rRNA and harboring the cfr gene pose a threat in clinical practice.
Results of the EURAMET.RI(II)-K2.Ho-166 key comparison for the activity of the radionuclide 166Ho per unit mass of aqueous solution
Authors: Šolc Jaroslav , Bobin Christophe , Capogni Marco , Carconi Pierluigi , Collins Sean , Dryák Pavel , Felice Pierino De , Fazio Aldo , Fenwick Andrew , Keightley John , Shearman Robert , Sochorová Jana 
Published: October 2022

Main text
This is the final report for the EURAMET.RI(II)-K2.Ho-166 key comparison of the activity of the radionuclide 166Ho per unit mass of aqueous solution which was organized in 2017 by Czech Metrology Institute (CMI) within the joint research project "Metrology for clinical implementation of dosimetry in molecular radiotherapy" (MRTDosimetry; 15HLT06) of the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR). The key comparison reference value of (2623.6 ± 3.6) kBq·g-1 was determined from the results of three participants at the reference time of 1 December 2017 00:00 UTC. The details of the comparison are presented and analysed in this paper.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Coherent dynamics in a five-level atomic system
Authors: Schütz Jan , Martin Alexander , Laschinger Sanah , Birkl Gerhard 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The coherent control of multi-partite quantum systems presents one of the central prerequisites in state-of-the-art quantum information processing. With the added benefit of inherent high-fidelity detection capability, atomic quantum systems in high-energy internal states, such as metastable noble gas atoms, promote themselves as ideal candidates for advancing quantum science in fundamental aspects and technological applications. Using laser-cooled neon atoms in the metastable 3P2 state of state 1s
22s
22p
53s (LS-coupling notation) (Racah notation: 2
P
3/23s[3/2]2) with five m

J
-sublevels, experimental methods for the preparation of all Zeeman sublevels |m

J
⟩ = |+2⟩, |+1⟩, |0⟩, |−1⟩, |−2⟩ as well as the coherent control of superposition states in the five-level system |+2⟩, …, |−2⟩, in the three-level system |+2⟩, |+1⟩, |0⟩, and in the two-level system |+2⟩, |+1⟩ are presented. The methods are based on optimized radio frequency and laser pulse sequences. The state evolution is described with a simple, semiclassical model. The coherence properties of the prepared states are studied using Ramsey and spin echo measurements.
The self-powered photodetector of n-Si/n-ZnO heterojunction with enhanced temperature adaptability via transient current response
Authors: Zhang Yongle , Yang Feng , Guo Qianwen , Feng Xue , Duan Yingfeng , Guo Junmeng , Cheng Gang , Du Zuliang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Self-powered photodetectors (PDs) have great application potential in distributed sensor networks, imaging systems and Internet of Things (IoT) due to their simple structure and long-term mobile detection without external power supply. However, the steady-state current response of PD decreases sharply with the increase of temperature, which restricts its application in high temperature environment. Here, a self-powered PD of n-Si/n-ZnO heterojunction with transient current response has been prepared, and the current generation mechanism and response characteristics under various temperature have been studied as being excited by periodic light pulses. The results show that the transient current response can not only improve the photocurrent responsivity and specific detectivity of PD, but also improve the performance of PD at high temperature. When the temperature rises to 340 K, the transient current holding factor η
t (η
t′) of device excited by 127 μW cm−2, 365 nm light are increased by 115% (315%) compared with steady state current holding factor η
s. The corresponding transient current enhancement factor α
tt′ (α
t′) of PD increase monotonically with the temperature, and the maximum values α
tt′ (α
t′) of PD excited by 365 nm light are 12.5 (5.0). As the temperature increases, the t
r and t
f of PD excited by 365 nm (287 μW cm−2) light decrease from 0.16 and 0.15 ms to 0.11 and 0.11 ms, respectively. The transient current response is caused by the transport of excess photo-generated carriers in the PD at the moment of light on and off. The transient current increases significantly with decrease resistance and is less affected by decreasing built-in electric field that make PD has high holding factor under high temperature conditions. This work provides a new avenue for designing high-performance self-powered PDs capable of operating in higher temperature environments, and promotes the wide application of transient-response self-powered PDs in the fields of IoT, fast detecting, and imaging.