bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalent vertebral fractures among urban-dwelling Chinese postmenopausal women: a population-based, randomized-sampling, cross-sectional study
Authors: Xia Weibo , Liu Qiang , Lv Jinhan , Zhang Zhenlin , Wu Wen , Xie Zhongjian , Chen Jianting , He Liang , Dong Jian , Hu Zhenming , Lin Qiang , Yu Wei , Wei Fang , Wang Jue 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Summary
In this population-based, cross-sectional study, we investigated vertebral fracture (VF) prevalence among Chinese postmenopausal women. We found 14.7% of population had VFs, which increased with age. Age ≥ 65 years, hip fracture, and densitometric osteoporosis were significantly associated with VFs. The prevalence of osteoporosis was remarkably high.

Purpose
To investigate VF prevalence among Chinese postmenopausal women in this population-based, randomized-sampling, cross-sectional study.

Methods
The investigator obtained lists of women from communities. Randomization was performed using SAS programming based on age group in each region. Postmenopausal women aged ≥ 50 years in the urban community were included. The investigator interviewed subjects to collect self-reported data and measured BMD. Spine radiographs were adjudicated by Genant’s semi-quantitative method. VFs were defined as fractures of at least one vertebra classified by Genant’s score 1–3 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results
A total of 31,205 women listed for randomized sampling from 10 Tier-3 hospitals at 5 regions. Of 2634 women in the full analysis set, 14.7% (388/2634, 95% CI: 13.4, 17.1) had prevalent VFs. VF prevalence increased with age (Cochran–Armitage test p < 0.0001) and was significantly higher in women aged ≥ 65. VF prevalence did not differ between North (14.4%, 95% CI: 12.5, 16.4) and South China (15.1%, 95% CI: 13.3, 17.1). In women with no prior VFs, prevalent VFs were 12.4% (95% CI: 11.2, 13.7). Age ≥ 65 years (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.91, 3.48), hip fracture (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.76), and densitometric osteoporosis (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.96, 3.22) were significantly associated with prevalent VFs. Prevalence of osteoporosis was 32.9% measured by BMD and 40.8% using NOF/IOF clinical diagnosis criteria.

Conclusion
VFs are prevalent among Chinese postmenopausal women who were ≥ 50 years and community-dwelled. Osteoporosis prevalence is remarkable when fragile fractures were part of clinical diagnosis.
Safety and Efficacy of Trocar Port-Site Closure Using a Biological Plug Closure in Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: a Prospective Study
Authors: Andraos Youssef 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Port-site trocar closure is a challenging procedure in laparoscopic surgeries, especially in morbidly obese patients, and complications (herniation, bleeding, pain, and nerve trapping) have potentially severe consequences. This paper provides an overview of existing techniques of suturing and closure in intra-abdominal laparoscopic surgery, outlines the complications associated with port-site closure, and presents a novel technique designed to address those problems by using a sterile absorbable gelatin sponge with strong hemostatic properties (Cutanplast® Plug).

Materials and Methods
In this prospective study, 83 successive obese patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy, sleeve plication, gastric bypass), using a standardized skin incision for trocar insertion, had port-site closure using the Cutanplast plug procedure (n = 42) or conventional suturing techniques (n = 41).

Results
The incidence of early complications was lower in the Cutanplast group; no patients had infections compared with 9.8% of Controls (p = 0.055) and no bleeding, ecchymosis, erythema, or redness occurred. Late complications during 2 years of follow-up were significantly lower in the Cutanplast group (0 vs. 7 hernias, p = 0.005). Most patients in the Cutanplast group required only 1–2 procedures (78.6% vs. 58.5%, p = 0.049), whereas 41.5% of controls required 3 procedures. In total, 82 trocars were used in the Cutanplast group versus 99 in controls. The single-step Cutanplast plug technique reduced operating times compared with two-step suturing techniques.

Conclusion
Closure of port-site trocar incisions using Cutanplast plug is fast, efficient, with potential to reduce operating times and decrease bleeding and herniation from port-site trocars insertion, particularly in obese patients.

Graphical Abstract
Russlands Griff nach der Weltmacht
Authors: Simon G. 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungMit der Invasion in die Ukraine hat Russland die Regeln der Völkergemeinschaft des 21. Jahrhunderts verlassen. Völkerrechtliche Verträge und das Gewaltverbot der UN gelten nicht mehr. An ihre Stelle sind Krieg, die Macht des Stärkeren und der Vernichtungswille getreten. Grund und Motivation zur Unterwerfung der Ukraine ist Russlands Entschlossenheit, seinen Status als Weltmacht wiederherzustellen. Sollte die Zerschlagung der Ukraine gelingen, ist Europa schutzlos weiteren russischen Aggressionen ausgesetzt. Nur eine militärische Niederlage bietet Russland die Chance zu einem postimperialen Neubeginn.
Selective Hydrogenolysis of Biodiesel Waste Bioglycerol Over Titanium Phosphate (TiP) Catalysts: The Effect of Pt & WO3 Loadings
Authors: Ponnala Bhanuchander , Balla Putrakumar , Hussain S. K. , Ginjupalli Srinivasa Rao , Koppadi Kumaraswamy , Nekkala Nagaraju , Perupogu Vijayanand , Lassi Ulla , Seelam Prem Kumar 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGlycerol is an important by-product (biowaste) from biodiesel production. Transformation of glycerol into value-added compounds is critical in improving the overall efficiency of the biodiesel production. In this work, a sustainable and cleaner production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) by vapor phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol was performed over titanium phosphate (TiP) supported catalysts by varying the Pt and WO3 loadings (5–20 wt.%). The WO3 promoted Pt modified TiP catalysts were prepared by a simple wet impregnation method and characterized by various analytical techniques in determining the key properties. Furthermore, the catalyst activity and stability were studied under different reaction conditions. The synergistic effects of Pt and WO3 loadings on the final performance of the catalyst has been significant in improving the hydrogen transfer rate. Both Pt and WO3 promotional effects is envisaged the enhanced catalytic properties in conjunction with TiP support acidity. WO3 incorporation increased Brønsted acidity and formed strong interactions with Pt over TiP support. Both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites presented but BAS played a key role in enhancing the 1,3-PDO selectivity in a bifunctional dehydration-hydrogenation reaction mechanism of glycerol. The effect of reaction temperature, contact times and the weight hour space velocity were evaluated. Overall, under optimized reaction conditions, 2 wt.% Pt-10 wt.% WO3/TiP catalyst displayed superior activity with a maximum glycerol conversion of ~ 85% and ~ 51% of 1,3-PDO selectivity achieved at time on stream of 4 h.
Graphical Abstract
Are Mentalizing Systems Necessary? An Alternative Through Self–other Distinction
Authors: Watanabe Masayuki 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent studies have identified two important findings on infants’ capability of taking others’ perspectives and the difficulty of ignoring perspectives irrelevant to the acquired perspective. Unfortunately, there is insufficient consensus on the interpretation of these phenomena. Two important features of perspective-taking, embodiment and aging, should be considered to reach a more appropriate hypothesis. In this paper, the mechanism of perspective-taking can be redefined through the well-known process of self–other distinction, which is inherent to humans, without resorting to either the assumption of controversial systems or an excessive reduction to executive functions. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the implicit mentalizing observed in infancy comes from the loosening phenomenon and lasts lifelong and that the self-representation separated from one’s own body by the detachment function is sent to other perspectives for explicit perspective-taking. This hypothesis can not only explain both the robustness of perspective-taking in the older adults and the appearance of egocentric/altercentric bias in adults but also is consistent with the findings in brain science and neuropathology. Finally, some issues to be considered are presented to improve the validity of this hypothesis.
Low thermal conductivity and anisotropic thermal expansion of ferroelastic (Gd1−xYx)TaO4 ceramics
Authors: Qu Chenkai , Chen Lin , Lv Liang , Wang Yuncheng , Ji Xiaolan , Yun Haitao , Su Chaoqun , Feng Jing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, (Gd1−xYx)TaO4 ceramics had been fabricated by solid-phase synthesis reaction. Each sample was found to crystallize in a monoclinic phase by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The properties of (Gd1−xYx)TaO4 were optimized by adjusting the ratio of Gd/Y. (Gd1−xYx)TaO4 had a low high-temperature thermal conductivity (1.37–2.05 W·m−1·K−1), which was regulated by lattice imperfections. The phase transition temperature of the (Gd1−xYx)TaO4 ceramics was higher than 1500 °C. Moreover, the linear thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) were 10.5×10−6 K−1 (1200 °C), which was not inferior to yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) (11×10−6 K−1, 1200 °C). (Gd1−xYx)TaO4 had anisotropic thermal expansion. Therefore, controlling preferred orientation could minimize the TEC mismatch when (Gd1−xYx)TaO4 coatings were deposited on different substrates as thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Based on their excellent properties, it is believed that the (Gd1−xYx)TaO4 ceramics will become the next generation of high-temperature thermal protective coatings.
Predictors of Sex-Induced Crisis, Sexual Function and Marital Satisfaction in Women with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Adesoye Oluwatosin B. , Akhigbe Roland E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSex-induced and orgasm-induced crisis, sexual dysfunction, and marital satisfaction among women with sickle cell disease (SCD) is under-reported.AimThis study assessed sexual function in women with SCD and compared sexual function in women with SCD to women without SCD.MethodsThis was a descriptive and comparative cross-sectional survey that involved 435 women with SCD and 406 women without SCD (as controls).OutcomesThis study demonstrates the predictors of sex-induced crisis, sexual function and marital satisfaction in women with sickle cell disease.ResultsThe prevalence of dyspareunia and marital dissatisfaction was higher in women with SCD than those without SCD. In addition, SCD was significantly associated with multiple sexual dysfunctions, with reported symptoms of sexual desire disorder (HSDD), female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD), and female sexual orgasm disorder (FSOD). Genotype, age, age at puberty, dyspareunia, and duration of infertility were the observed independent predictors of sexual dysfunction in women with SCD. Also, most (54.02%) of the SCD subjects experienced sex-induced and orgasm-induced crises. Although water intake before and after sex was reported to be beneficial in preventing sex-induced and orgasm-induced crisis in women with SCD, it was not a predictor of sexual dysfunction.Clinical implicationsSCD patients are at risk of sex-induced and orgasm-induced crisis as well as sexual dysfunction.Strengths and limitationsNo study has ever reported the incidence of sex-and orgasm-induced crisis and sexual dysfunction in women with SCD. Also, we used a reasonably large sample size and utilized widely acceptable validated and reproducible tools like ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (EMS) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) to assess the marital satisfaction and sexual function of the studied participants. This allows for the generalization of our findings. The limitations of the present study include recall bias and the inability to document real-time occurrences of sex-and orgasm-induced crisis and the incidence of female sexual dysfunction. Furthermore, though the risk factors of sexual dysfunction as perceived by women with SCD were elicited, biological risk factors and the possible associated mechanisms were not determined in this study.ConclusionOur study shows that sex-induced and orgasm-induced crisis and sexual dysfunction are significant morbidities in women with SCD, and fluid/water intake before and after sexual activity may be beneficial.
“Welcome, Ali, Please go Home”: Muhammad Ali as Diplomat and African Debates on the 1980 Moscow Olympic Boycott
Authors: Ivey James Alexander 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTo rally support within Africa for America’s boycott of the Moscow Olympic Games, President Carter sent Muhammad Ali as his personal diplomat to Tanzania, Kenya, Nigeria, Liberia, and Senegal in an attempt to gain political and popular support for the boycott. The mission had limited success, but it inspired a public forum across the continent for criticisms of American foreign policy toward Africa. By analyzing these discussions, primarily within the press, Ivey shows how America was interpreted in Africa and how the issues of the Cold War were considered of secondary importance to the more immediate struggle against apartheid and independent foreign policy.
The Relationship Between Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dunn Carissa , Sicouri Gemma 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjective: To provide a quantitative assessment of the literature examining the cross-sectional association between loneliness and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Method: A total of 44 studies from 35 articles (n = 27, 214; mean age 13.63 years; 51% female) met inclusion criteria. Results: A medium, positive correlation between loneliness and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents was found (r = .48). Age and gender did not moderate the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Loneliness may be a particular risk factor for depression. These results have implications for COVID-19 disease containment measures.
BAN GU'S VIEW ON THE “SECOND VICTORY” OF “CONFUCIANISM” AND THE FALL OF THE FORMER HAN
Authors: van Ess Hans 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis essay, which focuses on the reigns of Emperors Xuan and Yuan in Western Han, complicates the prevailing presumption that Ban Gu identified as a Ru 儒, and valued the Ru contributions to good governance above those who were identified with other forms of expertise. By a close reading of biographies of all major Ru scholars active during the time of these two emperors as well as some later ones, this essay provides further proof in support of points registered by Michael Loewe throughout his long career.
Determining the metabolic fate of human milk oligosaccharides: it may just be more complex than you think?
Authors: Jackson Peter Philip James , Wijeyesekera Anisha , Rastall Robert Adrian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a class of structurally diverse and complex unconjugated glycans present in breast milk, which act as selective substrates for several genera of select microbes and inhibit the colonisation of pathogenic bacteria. Yet, not all infants are breastfed, instead being fed with formula milks which may or may not contain HMOs. Currently, formula milks only possess two HMOs: 2′-fucosyllactose (2’FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), which have been suggested to be similarly effective as human breast milk in supporting age-related growth. However, the in vivo evidence regarding their ability to beneficially reduce respiratory infections along with altering the composition of an infant’s microbiota is limited at best. Thus, this review will explore the concept of HMOs and their metabolic fate, and summarise previous in vitro and in vivo clinical data regarding HMOs, with specific regard to 2’FL and LNnT.
Syntax and object types contribute in different ways to bilinguals’ comprehension of spatial descriptions
Authors: Foltz Anouschka , Martín-Gascón Beatriz , Silva Marytsch Florencia Paz , Olloqui-Redondo Javier , Tenbrink Thora 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe world’s languages draw on different reference frames to encode spatial relationships between people, objects or places. We address how subtle differences in reference frame preferences across Spanish and English affect Spanish–English bilinguals’ interpretations of spatial descriptions involving the termsleftandright.Bilinguals saw an entity (‘object’; e.g., a vase or a human) with a circle on either side, along with a description of the location of a ball relative to the object (e.g.,The ball is to the right of the vaseorThe ball is on the vase’s right). Their task was to decide which circle indicated the ball’s location. Results showed that syntax and object type contributed differently to bilinguals’ responses: Effects of syntax patterned with Spanish preferences, whereas effects of object type patterned with English preferences. English language exposure subtly affected bilinguals’ response choices. Results are discussed with respect to experience-based theories of language processing.
Transition in dietary quality: evidence from India
Authors: Paul Sourabh , Paul Sohini 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDespite significant economic growth over the past decades, poor nutritional status in India is a serious concern. The social transformation led by growth in income influences both the composition of food and the quality of diet consumed. Against this backdrop of changing lifestyles and the rise in obesity and non-communicable diseases, in this study, we examined changes in diet quality and the critical socio-economic correlates of this quality from 1983 to 2012 using three rounds of nationally representative surveys providing information on food consumption for more than 100 000 households in each round. We constructed diet quality indices at the household level using deficient and excess intake of macro and micronutrients compared with the recommended daily allowances (RDA) for different age-sex groups of the Indian population. We found that in relation to the RDA, fat consumption increased over time while protein and energy consumption decreased. The average diet quality index improved in the rural sector while it deteriorated in the urban sector. Caste and religion are significant correlates of the diet quality index. The deficiency index of nutrients decreased for poor households as they get richer; however, it increased with affluence level for the non-poor. It is suggested that the Indian Government may play a more proactive role in implementing coherent national policies in trade, food and agriculture to protect public health by promoting the demand for a healthy diet.
Evidence of ore-bearing fluid interaction with Proterozoic metasediments for the genesis of scapolite in parts of the North Delhi Fold Belt, western India
Authors: Sharma Jyoti P. , Sahoo Prabodha R. , Babu E. V. S. S. K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractScapolite occurrences are widely observed in the metasedimentary rocks exposed around the Khetri Copper Belt and adjoining Nim ka Thana copper mineralized area in western India. Amoeboidal to well-developed and rounded/elliptical-shaped marialitic scapolite (Na-rich end-member) rich zones with variable Cl contents ranging from 1.0 wt % to 2.9 wt % have been identified in proximity to the ore-bearing hydrothermal fluid activity zones. Although scapolite is formed as a product of regional metamorphism in many places, in this study, we propose a strong possibility that scapolite was formed by hydrothermal ore-bearing fluid interaction with metasediments. The evidence of hydrothermal activity and Cl sourcing is attributed to (i) the absence of evaporite beds in the area and no Na-rich plagioclase as inclusions within the scapolite suggesting the formation of marialitic scapolite from sodic plagioclase in the metasediments with the interacting hydrothermal fluid; (ii) an epithermal to mesothermal hydrothermal fluid with moderate salinity responsible for the Cu mineralization that is ascribed to be the source of Cl for the formation of marialitic scapolite; (iii) diffusion of SO2in the scapolite in close association with the sulfide mineral phase (chalcopyrite) supporting the involvement of ore-bearing fluid in the development of scapolite; (iv) the absence of zoned scapolite, the spatial distribution of scapolite in a particular lithology, the occasional incorporation of sulfur into marialitic scapolite and the texture/geometry in the scapolite suggesting a broad hydrothermal linkage instead of a pure metamorphic origin.
The association of white matter connectivity with prevalence, incidence and course of depressive symptoms: The Maastricht Study
Authors: Geraets Anouk F. J. , Köhler Sebastian , Vergoossen Laura WM , Backes Walter H. , Stehouwer Coen D.A. , Verhey Frans RJ , Jansen Jacobus FA , van Sloten Thomas T. , Schram Miranda T. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAltered white matter brain connectivity has been linked to depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of markers of white matter connectivity with prevalence, incidence and course of depressive symptoms.MethodsMarkers of white matter connectivity (node degree, clustering coefficient, local efficiency, characteristic path length, and global efficiency) were assessed at baseline by 3 T MRI in the population-based Maastricht Study (n = 4866; mean ± standard deviation age 59.6 ± 8.5 years, 49.0% women; 17 406 person-years of follow-up). Depressive symptoms (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9) were assessed at baseline and annually over seven years of follow-up. Major depressive disorder (MDD) was assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview at baseline only. We used negative binominal, logistic and Cox regression analyses, and adjusted for demographic, cardiovascular, and lifestyle risk factors.ResultsA lower global average node degree at baseline was associated with the prevalence and persistence of clinically relevant depressive symptoms [PHQ-9 ⩾ 10; OR (95% confidence interval) per standard deviation = 1.21 (1.05–1.39) and OR = 1.21 (1.02–1.44), respectively], after full adjustment. On the contrary, no associations were found of global average node degree with the MDD at baseline [OR 1.12 (0.94–1.32) nor incidence or remission of clinically relevant depressive symptoms [HR = 1.05 (0.95–1.17) and OR 1.08 (0.83–1.41), respectively]. Other connectivity measures of white matter organization were not associated with depression.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that fewer white matter connections may contribute to prevalent depressive symptoms and its persistence but not to incident depression. Future studies are needed to replicate our findings.