bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditions for designing effective professional educational programs at a modern university
Authors: Aldoshina Marina Ivanovna 
Published: April 2022

The author examines the aspects of the formation of professional and key personal competencies and their features in the modern digital society and university education, reflected in the design of professional educational programs. The author actualizes the need to update educational professional programs, examines the essence and features of the formation of professional competencies in universities of modern Russia at the digital stage of the development of civilization, features of the individualization of the educational process in the era of digitalization and the spread of distance technologies. The article prioritizes the impact of personnel, logistical and substantive problems. The subject of this article is the conditions for the development of effective professional educational programs in university education. The object is the design of professional educational programs. В В In the situation of the current stage of the digital development of society and the stage of the development of vocational education, the problem of the formation of professional competencies in university education is particularly relevant.The methodological basis of the article is a competence-based approach that considers the results of students' educational actions through competencies. The main problem of the article is the consideration of the conditions for designing effective professional educational programs and technologies for their practical implementation at the university for the formation of a complex of professional and personal competencies of students in the conditions of digitalization of university education and the spread of distance education. The need to update educational professional programs is determined by the peculiarities of modern vocational education, the level of competence and preparedness of subjects in it, taking into account the personnel, material, technical and content-technological conditions of the modern personality-oriented professional educational route of each student, which allows to coordinate and harmonize the disparate personal and axiological determinants of the digital stage of the development of university education in society.
International treaties on legal assistance in law enforcement activities of the Customs authorities of the Russian Federation
Authors: Ovchinnikov Sergei Nikolaevich , Atamanchuk Vadim Valentinovich 
Published: April 2022

The most important task of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation is to protect national security, prevent, detect and suppress crimes and administrative offenses, cooperate with customs and other competent authorities of foreign states, international organizations dealing with customs issues. One of the means of solving this problem is international treaties on mutual assistance in customs matters. The article considers the state of international legal regulation of law enforcement activities of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation by international treaties on legal assistance. Using formal legal and comparative legal methods, the relevant international treaties in which the Russian Federation participates are analyzed. В В The forms of legal assistance used in international cooperation in law enforcement activities of the Federal Customs Service are highlighted. The system of legal aid treaties under study is heterogeneous in its structure and does not cover relations with all States with which this cooperation may be necessary. As a solution to the problem, the systematization of international acts regulating issues of international cooperation of customs authorities in the law enforcement sphere is presented and proposals are presented to the legislator: to conclude agreements with those states with which an agreement on mutual legal assistance in criminal and administrative matters has already been concluded, but no agreement on mutual assistance in customs matters has been concluded.
Diagnostic possibilities of using the "Method of color metaphors" by I.L. Solomin in the study of codependent behavior in women
Authors: Meshcheryakova Tat'yana Anatol'evna , Gamzina Elena Vladimirovna 
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the study was to identify the possibility of using the "Method of color metaphors" by I.L. Solomin in the diagnosis of latent motivation of a codependent personality and the use of the data obtained to compile a program of psychocorrective measures. The article focuses on the basic and actual needs of a codependent personality, for predicting and correcting behavior and condition. We assume that the study of the basic needs of the surveyed women will allow us to determine the targets of correctional work and will allow us to develop a plan for psychological interaction with people who have a codependent personal profile. Working with codependency is an important aspect in the context of therapy and rehabilitation of a dependent personality. В In this study, the following methods were used: questionnaire, Spann-Fischer's "Scale for measuring the level of codependency", adapted by V. D. Moskalenko; I. L. Solomin's Method of Color Metaphors. As a result of the research, data reflecting the profile of a codependent personality were obtained: basic needs, attitude to loved ones, attitude to oneself (the ratio of ideal and real images of "I"), attitude to the life process: present, past and future, etc. Also, the information obtained has practical significance, as they are guidelines for building a psychocorrective program, which is reflected in the final part of the article.
Features of mental states and academic performance of students with a high level of academic procrastination
Authors: Barinova Oksana Gennad'evna , Korolev Andrei Aleksandrovich , Lyapina Sabina Sergeevna 
Published: April 2022

Academic procrastination of students remains an actual and significant subject of research in many psychological schools, directions of both domestic and foreign authors. In this paper, an attempt is made to scientifically study the phenomenon of academic procrastination in medical students, and also presents a meaningful analysis of the mental states of students with various academic success and showing a high level of academic procrastination. One of the methodological bases of the study was the classification of procrastination types according to N. Milgram. The respondents in our study were medical students of the 1st and 6th courses in the number of 80 people. At the empirical stage, the following methods were used: "Self-assessment of mental states" by G. Eysenck; "PASS procrastination Assessment Scale" by M. V. Zvereva; methods of mathematical processing of research results (Mann-Whitney U-criterion; Kruskal-Wallis criterion; Pearson correlation analysis). В The paper reveals the frequency of the manifestation of academic procrastination and the peculiarities of mental states in medical students studying in the first and sixth years. Statistically significant differences were found between first- and sixth-year respondents in the frequency and quality of academic procrastination. In addition, the links between a high level of academic procrastination, mental states (anxiety, frustration, aggressiveness, rigidity) and the academic performance of medical students were determined. For some correlations, clinical characteristics of the mental states of highly procrastinating students are given. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that mental states are considered not only as a cause, but also as a consequence of academic procrastination of students. The results of the study may provide valuable provisions for the construction of clinical observations in order to describe the personal characteristics of students with a high level of academic procrastination. The further development of preventive measures and correctional activities for the prevention of mental states contributing to the development of tendencies to personality disorders of highly procrastinating students is promising.
Ultrasound evaluation of cervical shortening after loop excision of the transformation zone (LETZ)
Authors: Ricciotti H.A. , Burke L. , Kobelin M. , Slomovic B. , Ludmir J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To assess cervical shortening after loop excision of the transformation zone (LETZ), and confirm the validity of ultrasound measurement of cervical length. Methods: Subjects (n = 29) were patients at the colposcopy clinic of Beth Israel Hospital who underwent vaginal ultrasound measurement of cervical length before and after LETZ. The pathologic specimen was measured by ruler. Mean cervical length (± S.D.), mean percentage (± S.D.) of cervical length removed, and correlation (r) between ultrasound and pathology specimen measurement were determined. Results: Mean (± S.D.) cervical length measurements prior to LETZ were 3.2 ± 0.9 cm and after LETZ were 2.6 ± 0.9 cm, with a difference of 0.7 ± 0.4 cm. The pathologic specimen (mean ± S.D.) was 0.6 ± 0.3 cm. The correlation between ultrasound and pathology measurement was r = 0.9 (p = 0.0001). Mean (± S.D.) cervical length was shortened by 22 ± 12%. Conclusions: There is excellent correlation between ultrasound and ruler measurement of the cervix. There is significant cervical length shortening after LETZ, but further study is needed to see whether this persists or leads to pregnancy complications.
Dry‐Grind Process for Fuel Ethanol by Continuous Fermentation and Stripping
Authors: Taylor Frank , Kurantz Michael J. , Goldberg Neil , McAloon Andrew J. , Craig James C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractConversion of a high‐solids saccharified corn mash to ethanol by continuous fermentation and stripping was successfully demonstrated in a pilot plant consuming 25 kg of corn per day. A mathematical model based on previous pilot plant results accurately predicts the specific growth rate obtained from these latest results. This model was incorporated into a simulation of a complete dry‐grind corn‐to‐ethanol plant, and the cost of ethanol production was compared with that of a conventional process. The results indicate a savings of $0.03 per gallon of ethanol produced by the stripping process. The savings with stripping result from the capacity to ferment a more concentrated corn mash so there is less water to remove downstream.
Computer‐Aided Control of Water Activity for Lipase‐Catalyzed Esterification in Solvent‐Free Systems
Authors: Won Keehoon , Lee Sun Bok 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA computer system for on‐line monitoring and control of the water activity (aw) in solvent‐free media has been developed. The performance of this system was investigated by carrying out the lipase‐catalyzed esterification of n‐capric acid with n‐decyl alcohol. A humidity sensor measured the relative humidity in the reactor headspace, which was then transmitted electrically to a digital computer that was used as a feedback controller. The water activity control was achieved by sparging either humidified air or dried air through the reaction medium at a flow rate determined by the digital feedback controller. The use of humid air and dry air for aw control made it possible to induce a larger aw gradient and thereby higher water transfer rate. As a result, the water activity quickly reached the desired aw values. We tested whether water activity in the reaction medium can be monitored by measuring relative humidity in the headspace. When the water activity in the liquid phase was determined from measurements of water content in the medium and compared to that measured directly with the humidity sensor, the aw in the reaction medium did not differ significantly from that in the headspace. This indicates that there is a near‐equilibrium between the liquid medium and the exit air stream. Water activity was also successfully maintained close to the set point despite the massive production of water during the esterification process. Thus, the control system developed in this study is particularly useful for systems where large amounts of water are produced and where conventional methods make it difficult to control water activity as a result of a low water transfer rate. The effects that computer control of the water activity had on the reaction rate and yield were also examined. The reaction yield was significantly improved with water activity control. The conversions obtained at 28 h without and those with water activity control were 70% and 96%, respectively. In addition, from the fact that the final yields increased with decreasing aw, computer‐aided water activity control was performed with a set‐point change. By controlling aw at 0.55 during initial reaction phase, followed by a step change of aw from 0.55 to 0 after 11 h of reaction, it was possible to enhance the final conversion to 100%.
Optimization of Conditions for Bacteriocin Extraction in PEG/Salt Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems Using Statistical Experimental Designs
Authors: Li Chan , Bai Jinghua , Li Wei , Cai Zhaoling , Ouyang Fan 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe bacteriocin nisin was extracted in PEG/salt aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) using the property that the systems can extract hydrophobic proteins. The concentrations of the phase‐forming components, PEG 4000 and Na2SO4, were optimized for nisin recovery by means of statistical experimental designs, and it was found that they strongly influenced nisin recovery. The optimal composition of ATPS was found to be 15.99% (w/w) PEG 4000 and 15.85% (w/w) Na2SO4(pH 2), and the optimal ATPS allowed an 11.60% increase of nisin recovery compared to the standard method of nisin assay.
Passaging Protocols for Mammalian Neural Stem Cells in Suspension Bioreactors
Authors: Sen Arindom , Kallos Michael S. , Behie Leo A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMammalian neural stem cells (NSC) offer great promise as therapeutic agents for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. As a consequence of the large numbers of cells that will be needed for drug testing and transplantation studies, it is necessary to develop protocols for the large‐scale expansion of mammalian NSC. Neural stem cells and early progenitor cells can be expanded in vitro as aggregates in controlled bioreactors using carefully designed media. The first objective of this study was to determine if it is possible to maintain a population of murine neural stem and progenitor cells as aggregates in suspension culture bioreactors over extended periods of time. We discovered that serial passaging of a mixture of aggregates sizes resulted in high viabilities, high viable cell densities, and good control of aggregate diameter. When the NSC aggregates were serially subcultured three times without mechanical dissociation, a total multiplication ratio of 2.9 × 103was achieved over a period of 12 days, whereas the aggregate size was controlled (mean diameter less than 150 μm) below levels at which necrosis would occur. Moreover, cell densities of 1.0 × 106cells/mL were repeatedly achieved in batch culture with viabilities exceeding 80%. The second objective was to examine the proliferative potential of single cells shed from the surface of these aggregates. We found that the single cells, when subcultured, retained the capacity to generate new aggregates, gave rise to cultures with high viable cell densities and were able to differentiate into all of the primary cell phenotypes in the central nervous system.
The neck crease as a landmark of Chassaignac's tubercle in stellate ganglion block: anatomical and radiological evaluation
Authors: Cha Y. D. , Lee S. K. , Kim T. J. , Han T. H. 
Published: July 2002

Background: Stellate ganglion block (SGB) is most commonly performed at the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra, the identification of which could be difficult in patients with short and wide necks. This study was conducted to evaluate whether the neck skin crease is a reliable indicator of the C6 level.Methods: Forty‐nine relatively obese pain clinic patients were investigated. They assumed a standard position for SGB. A radiopaque wire was placed along the neck skin crease caudad to the thyroid cartilage. Next, a radiopaque indicator was placed on the skin above the tubercle found to be most prominent by palpation. X‐rays of the neck were obtained after each procedure.Results: The probability that the neck crease would cross C5, C6 and C7 was 16%, 71%, and 12%, respectively. The most prominent tubercle corresponded to the C5, C6 and C7 levels in 16%, 69% and l4% of cases, respectively.Conclusion: The studied means to identify the C6 transverse process was found to correlate well with each other (P<0.001). Since in 30% of cases the C6 process could not be identified by any of the studied means, radiological guidance is recommended in order to ensure optimal safety and efficacy of SGB in selected cases.
Medical care for haemophilia
Authors: Nuss R. , Hedegaard H. , Riske B. , Hoffman R. , Michael S. , Manco‐Johnson M. 
Published: July 2002

Background/objectives: haemophilia is a lifelong bleeding disorder associated with significant morbidity. Because of this for almost 25 years there has been a national network of specialized haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs). Despite this, there is little published information about HTC utilization. We chose to study utilization and satisfaction with care received from the Colorado HTC as compared with that received at other nonspecialized sites.Research design: a survey was designed in collaboration between Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE) and the Denver Mountain States Regional Hemophilia Center personnel for telephone administration by CDPHE personnel to all persons with haemophilia (pwh) residing in Colorado in 1994.Subjects: one hundred forty‐five persons with haemophilia (77% of those eligible) participated in the survey.Results: the majority of respondents received care from the HTC. Persons less than 21 years of age and those with severe disease were significantly more likely to do so. Satisfaction with care received at the HTC was greater than that received at other sites (P < 0.01). Issues of concern were insurer restricted access to the HTC and the lack of haemophilia knowledge of non‐HTC providers.Conclusions: if HTCs and other specialty centres are to survive in an increasingly managed care environment, in addition to increased patient satisfaction, data documenting improved patient outcome with specialty centre directed care will be necessary to facilitate referral.
Primary intraosseous meningioma of orbit and anterior cranial fossa: A case report and literature review
Authors: Devi Bi , Bhat Di , Madhusudhan Hv , Santhosh V , Shankar Sk 
Published: July 2002

SUMMARYPrimary intraosseous meningiomas of the skull base are rare. Extensive involvement of the skull base by the tumour may result rarely in loss of vision. Surgical management requires extensive decompression and reconstruction. A case of primary intraosseous meningioma of orbits and anterior cranial fossa presenting with painless proptosis and loss of vision is presented here and the literature reviewed.
Serum Carotenoids and Cerebral White Matter Lesions: The Rotterdam Scan Study
Authors: Den Heijer Tom , Launer Lenore J. , De Groot Jan Cees , De Leeuw Frank‐Erik , Oudkerk Matthijs , Van Gijn Jan , Hofman Albert , Breteler Monique M. B. 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVES: To study the relation between serum levels of carotenoids and white matter lesions (WMLs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).DESIGN: Evaluation of cross‐sectional data from a cohort study.SETTING: The Rotterdam Scan Study.PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and three nondemented older persons, age 60 to 90, from the Rotterdam Scan Study.MEASUREMENTS: Serum levels of carotenoids were determined. WMLs on MRIs were rated separately into periventricular and subcortical WMLs. Odds ratios (ORs) for the presence of severe WMLs (upper decile) were calculated per standard deviation (SD) increase in serum carotenoid level and per SD increase in overall carotenoid serum level. Effect modification by smoking status was studied through stratified analyses.RESULTS: Increasing levels of all the separate carotenoids were associated with less severe periventricular WMLs, which reached statistical significance for the overall carotenoid serum level (OR 0.4 per SD; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.2–0.9). We found no association between carotenoid levels and the presence of severe subcortical WMLs (OR 1.2 per SD; 95% CI = 0.7–2.0). The association of carotenoid levels with severe periventricular WMLs was more marked in those who ever smoked (OR 0.1 per SD; 95% CI = 0.0–0.9) than in those who had never smoked (OR 0.9 per SD; 95% CI = 0.4–2.1).CONCLUSIONS: These findings are compatible with the view that high levels of carotenoids may protect against WMLs in the periventricular region, in particular in smokers. Longitudinal studies with repeated measurements of both carotenoids and WMLs are necessary to explore this hypothesis further.
The GPCOG: A New Screening Test for Dementia Designed for General Practice
Authors: Brodaty Henry , Pond Dimity , Kemp Nicola M. , Luscombe Georgina , Harding Louise , Berman Karen , Huppert Felicia A. 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVES:To design and test a brief, efficient dementia‐screening instrument for use by general practitioners (GPs).DESIGN:The General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG) consists of cognitive test items and historical questions asked of an informant. The validity of the measure was assessed by comparison with the criterion standard of diagnoses of dementia derived from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition).SETTING:Primary care doctors' offices.PARTICIPANTS:Sixty‐seven GPs administered the GPCOG to 283 community‐dwelling patients aged 50 to 74 with memory complaints or aged 75 and older.MEASUREMENTS:The Cambridge Mental Disorder of the Elderly Examination, the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT), the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale, and the 12‐item Short‐Form Health Survey.RESULTS:The GPCOG was reliable and superior to the AMT (and possibly to the MMSE) in detecting dementia. The two‐stage method of administering the GPCOG (cognitive testing followed by informant questions if necessary) had a sensitivity of 0.85, a specificity of 0.86, a misclassification rate of 14%, and positive predictive value of 71.4%. Patient interviews took less than 4 minutes to administer and informant interviews less than 2 minutes. The instrument was reported by GPs to be practical to administer and was acceptable to patients.CONCLUSION:The GPCOG is a valid, efficient, well‐accepted instrument for dementia screening in primary care. J Am Geriatr Soc 50:530–534, 2002.