bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbal nephropathy – a serious condition based on the innocence of nature
Authors: Dudek Iga , Rybak Natalia , Skubel Tomasz , Czarnota Jakub , Dobrzyński Michał , Drozd Małgorzata 
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose: This study aimed to discuss herbal supplement usage in population and possible harmful effects with a strong emphasis on the kidneys health.
Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed MEADLINE database of medical publications using the following keywords: herbal nephropathy, aristolochic nephropathy, herbal supplementation, Chinese traditional medicine
Results: Despite the widespread use of herbs among the general public, awareness of possible side effects appears to be negligible. The herbal medicine market is often unregulated, moreover, there are problems with correct identification of the plant, variable cultivation, its processing and the lack of accurate information about its biological activity. Possible side effects include frequent contamination of preparations with heavy metals, other substances such as hormones, aflatoxins or pesticides. In addition, herbs can directly affect the metabolism of drugs taken for specific medical indications. They are able to change the level of their absorption, metabolism in the liver and secretion. The kidneys are a special organ exposed to the harmful effects of herbs due to their high blood flow, resorption from the renal tubules and high metabolic activity. Among kidney damage, aristolochic nephropathy is the one worth mentioning, induced by the herb Aristolochia fangchi and causing a rapidly progressing kidney disease, largely ending up with the need for dialysis or kidney transplantation.
Conclusion: The use of herbs as medical substances carries dangers. They should be prevented through proper education of the society, appropriate legal regulations and doctors' awareness of their occurrence.
Comparison of HPV testing and cervical cytology in prevention of cervical cancer
Authors: Remjasz Klaudia , Kosz Katarzyna , Kuchnicka Aleksandra , Kuchnicka Julia , Aleksandrowicz Jakub , Zielińska Martyna , Zarankiewicz Natalia , Siedlecki Wojciech , Sapuła Klaudia 
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purposeThis article aims to compare two guiding methods of cervical cancer screening: cervical cytology and HPV testing. The objective is to provide information on which method is currently more relevant in the early detection of precancerous lesions.
Material and methodThis review was mainly based on articles collected in Pubmed i years 2015-2022. The research was done by looking through keywords as follows: “cervical cancer”, “cytology”, “HPV testing”.
ResultsAll selected studies have demonstrated that HPV testing is a more appropriate indicator for initial high-grade CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) than cytology.
ConclusionsAccording to the cited researches, the public health system should definitely pay more attention to HPV testing as the first stage of cervical cancer screening. Moreover, it should clarify by comparing all advantages and disadvantages of methods, which further diagnostic pathway is the most effective and has the best outcomes for the patients.
Keywordscervical cancer, cervical screening, cytology, HPV primary screening, HPV testing
An innovative approach for better understanding of milk allergy
Authors: Gromek Weronika , Śliwa Rafał , Choina Magdalena , Pukaliak Roman , Markut-Miotła Ewa 
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Cow’s milk and its products are popular components of the diet all over the world. Proteins contained in it, such as casein (Bos d 8), α-lactalbumin (Bos d 4), β-lactoglobulin (Bos d 5) and bovine serum albumin (Bos d 6, BSA), can cause troublesome symptoms. Among the proteins mentioned, casein is the most frequent cause of all milk allergies. It is worth mentioning that it is a protein that does not change its properties after thermal and enzymatic treatment. Therefore, casein allergic patients must avoid dairy products in even trace amounts.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study is to present the benefits of molecular diagnostics of allergy in cow’s milk allergy.
Description of the state of knowledge: In order to diagnose milk allergy, a medical examination should take place with a clinician who will determine the further steps of diagnosis based on the medical interview. For a complete allergy analysis, molecular diagnostics tests can be used to determine which protein the patient is sensitised to. Such an individual patient’s allergy profile is helpful in developing an appropriate diet.
Summary: Molecular diagnosis in cow's milk allergy allows to estimate the risk of severe reactions after contact with a specific allergen. On its basis, it is also possible to predict the result of a cow's milk allergen provocation test. By using molecular diagnosis of allergy, it is possible to manage better and control cow's milk allergy in patients.
Correcting for digital image correlation speckle inversion at high temperature using color cameras
Authors: Rowley Lindsey J. , Thai Thinh Q. , Jarrett Steven R. , Craig Weston D. , Dewanjee Prasenjit , Berke Ryan B. 
Published: August 2022

Digital image correlation (DIC) is a popular, noncontacting technique to measure full-field deformation by using cameras to track the motion of an applied surface pattern. Because it is noncontacting, DIC can be performed for extreme temperature applications (e.g., hot-fire rocket testing of carbon composite rocket nozzles) under harsh conditions during which bonded gauges are damaged. Speckle pattern inversion is a phenomenon that sometimes occurs while performing high-temperature DIC. During speckle pattern inversion, portions of the surface pattern that were initially darker at room temperature (e.g., graphite) may emit more light due to blackbody radiation than the portions that were initially paler, thereby producing images in which the pattern appears inverted at high temperature relative to the initial pattern at room temperature. This phenomenon can prevent the correlation algorithm from being able to resolve the displacements between images. This work compares three methods to mitigate speckle pattern inversion: (A) the subtraction method, a recently-published technique in which two high-temperature images are subtracted to remove unwanted light; (B) the filtering method, a popular technique in which optical bandpass filters screen out unwanted light; and (C) the histogram rescaling method, a proposed new method that pairs a color camera with a blue light source and uses information from the green sensor of the camera to correct against inversion in the blue sensor through postprocessing. The histogram rescaling method is shown to successfully eliminate speckle pattern inversion and has the added advantages that it does not require quasi-static loading to be able to compensate for speckle pattern inversion, nor does it impose thick-glass distortions caused by the optical filter.
Adaptive optics system for a short wavelength mid-IR laser based on a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor and analysis of thermal noise impacts
Authors: Zhou Huang , Pilar Jan , Smrz Martin , Chen Liyuan , Čech Miroslav , Mocek Tomas 
Published: August 2022

We present an adaptive optics (AO) system for a 1.94-µm laser source. Our system consists of a home-made Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor and silver-coated bimorph deformable mirror operating in a closed-loop control scheme. The wavefront sensor used an uncooled vapor phase deposition PbSe focal-plane array for the actual light sensing. An effect of thermal afterimage was found to be reducing the centroid detection precision significantly. The effect was analyzed in detail and finally has been dealt with by updating the background calibration. System stability was increased by reduction of control modes. The system functionality and stability were demonstrated by improved focal spot quality. By replacing some of the used optics, the range of the demonstrated mid-IR AOS could be extended to cover the spectral range of 1–5 µm. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first AO system built specifically for mid-IR laser wavefront correction.
Single-order focus multilayer Laue lens
Authors: Ji Bin , Yue Shuaipeng , Zhou Liang , Chang Guangcai 
Published: August 2022

A novel sinusoidal multilayer Laue lens (MLL) in the hard X-ray region is proposed, to the best of our knowledge. The theoretical design shows that the structure function of the MLL is a sine function of the radius such as that of a sinusoidal transmission zone plate. A numerical simulation at the energy of 12 and 24 keV reveals that the MLL can suppress higher-order diffractions effectively, the characteristic of single-order diffraction with spatial resolution is the same as that of the corresponding classical MLL, and the MLL can achieve the first-order diffraction efficiency of 6.8% at 12 and 8.7% at 24 keV. The sinusoidal MLL can also work for single-order focusing at other energies.
Rapid polishing process for the x ray reflector
Authors: Yin Lianmin , Lin Zhifan , Hu Hao , Dai Yifan 
Published: August 2022

X ray mirrors are symmetrical workpieces along the length and width and are widely used in various optical systems. Unlike the center-symmetric circular mirror, it is more difficult to suppress the edge effect of the x ray mirror during the polishing process, which greatly limits the polishing accuracy and polishing efficiency. Based on this, the unique edge effect of x ray mirrors is investigated in depth in this paper. First, the causes and distribution laws of the edge effect of the x ray mirror were obtained by analyzing the inherent structure of the computer controlled optical surface (CCOS) and the motion trajectory of the polishing tool. Second, a mathematical model was established based on the material removal states of different regions on the x ray mirror. Finally, a combined polishing process based on the influence function of different shaped tools is proposed and experimentally verified. The results show that the edge effect on the x ray mirror is significantly weakened and its surface errors peak to valley (PV) and RMS are increased by 21.5 times and 47.9 times, respectively. This indicates that the combined polishing process has a good suppression effect on the edge effect of the x ray mirror.
An exploratory study to characterize the HIV testing-to-care continuum to improve outcomes for Black and Latinx residents of South Los Angeles
Authors: McAndrew Breann M. , Gil Noemi , Lee David P. , Teklehaimanot Senait , Schrode Katrina M. , Bailey Shanelle , Jordan Wilbert , Spencer LaShonda Y. , Rothman Ellen , Harawa Nina T. , Daniels Joseph 
Published: August 2022

Background
South Los Angeles (SPA6), with mostly Black (27.4%) and Latinx (68.2%) residents, has the second highest rates of new HIV diagnoses (31 per 100,000) in Los Angeles County. However, there is limited understanding of the HIV testing-to-care continuum among newly diagnosed in this setting.

Methods
We conducted an exploratory study that analyzed de-identified data, including demographic characteristics and biomedical outcomes, from the electronic medical records of individuals newly diagnosed with HIV from 2016–2020 at the only public safety-net, county-run health department HIV clinic in SPA 6. We used Pearson Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact test to explore associations with HIV outcomes and a Kaplan-Meier survival curve to assess the time to linkage to care.

Results
A total of 281 patients were identified. The majority (74.1%) presented with a baseline CD4 <500, many of which presented with a CD4<200 (39.2%). We found twice as many newly diagnosed Black individuals in our study population (48.2%) when compared to LAC (23%), despite only accounting for 27.4% of residents in SPA 6. The majority were linked to care within 30 days of positive test and prescribed anti-retroviral therapy. Viral suppression (59.8%) and undetectable VL (52.6%) were achieved within the year following diagnosis, with 9.3% lost to follow-up. Of those who became virally suppressed, 20.7% experienced viral rebound within the year following diagnosis.

Conclusion
The large proportion of patients with a baseline CD4 <500 raises concerns about late diagnoses. Despite high rates of linkage to care and ART prescription, achievement of sustained viral suppression remains low with high rates of viral rebound. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the barriers to early testing, retention in care, and treatment adherence to develop strategies and interventions with community organizations that respond to the unique needs of people living with HIV in South Los Angeles.
Human neural stem cells drug product: Microsatellite instability analysis
Authors: Grespi Valentina , Caprera Cecilia , Ricciolini Claudia , Bicchi Ilaria , Muzi Gianmarco , Corsi Matteo , Ascani Stefano , Vescovi Angelo Luigi , Gelati Maurizio 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
In central nervous system neurodegenerative disorders, stem cell-based therapies should be considered as a promising therapeutic approach. The safe use of human Neural Stem Cells (hNSCs) for the treatment of several neurological diseases is currently under evaluation of phase I/II clinical trials. Clinical application of hNSCs require the development of GMP standardized protocols capable of generating high quantities of reproducible and well characterized stem cells bearing stable functional and genetic properties.

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate possible instabilities or modifications of the microsatellite loci in different culture passages because high culture passages represent an in vitro replicative stress leading to senescence.
Experimental method: The hNSCs were characterized at different culture time points, from passage 2 to passage 25, by genetic typing at ten microsatellite loci.

Conclusion
We showed that genetic stability at microsatellite loci is maintained by the cells even at high passages adding a further demonstration of the safety of our hNSCs GMP culture method.
Tuberculosis-specific antigen stimulated and unstimulated interferon-γ for tuberculous meningitis diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Fangyu , Qiu Xia , Yu Mingjing , Huang Yan 
Published: August 2022

Objective
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the most devastating TB. Accurate identification of TBM is helpful to eliminate TB. Therefore, we assessed the performance of TBAg stimulated IFN-γ (IGRA) and unstimulated IFN-γ in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnosing TBM.

Methods
We searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases until March 2022. Bivariate and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic models were employed to compute summary estimates for diagnostic accuracy parameters of IGRA and unstimulated IFN-γ in blood and CSF for diagnosing TBM.

Results
28 studies including 1,978 participants and 2,641 samples met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and area under the curve (AUROC) of blood IGRA were separately as 0.73, 0.83, 4.32, 0.33, 13.22 and 0.86, indicating a good diagnostic accuracy of blood IGRA for detecting TBM. The summary sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUROC of CSF IGRA were separately as 0.77, 0.91, 8.82, 0.25, 34.59 and 0.93, indicating good diagnostic accuracy of CSF IGRA for detecting TBM. The summary sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUROC of CSF IFN-γ were separately as 0.86, 0.92, 10.27, 0.16, 65.26 and 0.95, suggesting CSF IFN-γ provided excellent accuracy for diagnosing TBM.

Conclusions
For differentiating TBM from non-TBM individuals, blood and CSF IGRA are good assays and unstimulated CSF IFN-γ is an auxiliary excellent marker.
Certyfikat szczepionkowy jako instrument prawnej regulacji międzynarodowego ruchu osobowego
Authors: Narożniak Agnieszka , Princ Marcin 
Published: August 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affected almost all the inhabitants of the globe, and mi-grants were among those who felt it particularly hard. Their problems were largely related to numerous limitations in the international movement of persons. As part of the ﬁght against these effects, national governments have initiated a discussion on the idea of launching vaccine certiﬁcates, sometimes called “Covid passports”. The concept has been developed and has led to the adoption of speciﬁc solutions in various countries, as well as on a wider, regional scale, in particular in the form of the EU digital COVID certiﬁcate. In the paper, the authors outline individual concepts and consider whether a vac-cine certiﬁcate does indeed bear the features of a travel document and whether it is justiﬁed to use this term. They go on to contrast the idea of issuing such certiﬁcates with national, EU and regional law. Finally, they reﬂect on what formal and material conditions must be met by such a document in order to enable the holder to cross borders, and whether such tools can be reused in the event of future pandemics. The research allows several conclusions to be formulated. The EU digital COVID certiﬁcate or other certiﬁcates cannot be regarded as travel documents, in particular, they cannot be called passports. Vaccine certiﬁcates are not meant to be a privilege or a restriction, but only an instrument that allows possible restrictions in the international movement of persons to be waived for the holder of the document (assuming that the restrictions themselves are not illegal). They should be consid-ered a temporary measure, applied in extraordinary circumstances as an instrument in the hands of states or state organizations, not private entities. In such a formula, they can also be used in the event of similar epidemic threats in the future.
Problematyka przejęcia w trybie art. 98 ustawy o gospodarce nieruchomościami gruntu oddanego w użytkowanie wieczyste w kontekście zakazu wywłaszczania nieruchomości stanowiących własność Skarbu Państwa
Authors: Kruś Maciej , Zańko Katarzyna 
Published: August 2022

The article offers a detailed interpretation of Art. 98 sec. 1 of the Act of August 21, 1997 on Real Estate Management (r.e.m.) in order to answer the question of what effect in terms of the ownership of the State Treasury is related to the ﬁnal division decision issued in relation to plots of land designated for public-municipal roads at the request of the perpetual usufructuary of the property. The authors of the article support such an interpretation of Art. 98 sec. 1 r.e.m. that takes into account the broader legal context of this regulation and enables effective equipping of relevant entities – communes in this case – with real estate allowing for the construction of public-communal roads on them. This entails the necessity to transfer ex lege the ownership of the separated plot of land from the State Treasury to the appropriate commune as a result of an application submitted by the perpetual usufructuary. The authors’ conclusions are based on a linguistic, comparative, teleological and historical interpretation, taking into account the 2000 amendment to the provision. For comparison purposes, the content of Art. 105 paragraph. 4 of this Act is taken into account. The article also considers the relation of the institution discussed here to the regulations concerning expropriation. This applies to the prohibition of the expropriation of real estate owned by the State Treasury under Art. 113 sec. 2 r.e.m., in the narrow, formal meaning of this concept resulting from its deﬁnition in Art. 112 sec. 2 r.e.m. The discussion also includes expropriation in a broad, material sense resulting from Art. 21 sec. 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. In both cases, the analysis leads to the conclusion that depriving the State Treasury of its property for the beneﬁt of the commune in the case in question does not constitute expropriation, but is an example of communalisation, which is an acceptable form of equipping the commune with public property.
Kilka uwag na temat zasad działania Komisji Odwoławczej Agencji ds. Współpracy Organów Regulacji Energetyki
Authors: Swora Mariusz 
Published: August 2022

The Board of Appeal (BoA) of the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) belongs to the category of appeal bodies hearing appeals against the deci-sions of EU administrative agencies. ACER BoA acts on the basis of legal framework dedicated to the Agency, while the rules of conduct before the Board are regulated by internal rules of procedure. These regulations are practically the only legal acts regulating the procedure before the BoA, as the EU has not adopted a single ad-ministrative code that would regulate the procedure before such bodies, inter alia. The BoA is a specialised body responsible for adjudicating complex cases in the ﬁeld of the EU common energy market related to the implementation of European network codes. The CJEU (General Court) sought to dispel any doubts concerning the rules of adjudication of the BoA in the ACER v. Aquind judgment by expressing a number of views on the scope and standard of adjudication, but even in the light of this judgment, a number of matters remain unclear. Consequently, it is all the more urgent to adopt a clear procedural and systemic framework governing the functioning of the BoA.
Raport z akcji prozdrowotnej Pracodawca dbający o zdrowie pracowników – ocena zaangażowania pracodawców
Authors: Kukawska Katarzyna 
Published: August 2022

Employers’ occupational health initiatives can be divided into two categories: tasks speciﬁed in the acts of activity, and non-obligatory activities. Workplace health pro-motion entails shaping the health behaviour of employees, the physical conditions of the work environment and improving employees’ access to medical services. Supra-compulsory actions in the ﬁeld of employee health protection can be referred to as pro-health activities.The pro-health campaign An employer who cares about employees’ health was carried out by the Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital in Poznan. In the years 2019-2020, screening tests for the early detection of head and neck cancers were performed in cooperation with Wielkopolska companies.The aim here is to analyse the proﬁles of employers engaging in pro-health campaigns in terms of the size, number of employees and the industry. The study assessed the effectiveness of the health campaign by means of the percentage of employees qualiﬁed for the study and the percentage of employees referred to the Clinical Hospital for further diagnostics.14 employers participated in the research. In the sales sector, 7 large and 2 me-dium-sized enterprises from the industrial sector, 2 medium-sized enterprises and 1 public sector company, as well as 2 large enterprises from the transport sector. A total of 2,428 employees were declared for the study, 710 people were qualiﬁed for the study, and 447 employees were required to undergo in-depth diagnostics. Large enterprises employing more than 250 people were more willing to participate in the pro-health campaign, although they had a lower percentage of employees qualiﬁed for the research compared to medium-sized or small enterprises.