bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planung und Umsetzung einer Laborinfrastruktur für Gleichspannungs-Hochleistungs-Prüfungen
Authors: Mayr Johann , Kupzog Friederich , Brauner Georg , Schiener Christoph , Wandl Stephan , Jambrich Gerhard 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie zunehmende Relevanz von Gleichstromtechnik geht einher mit dem zunehmenden Bedarf an leistungsfähiger Prüfinfrastruktur für DC-Systeme und -Komponenten wie Sicherungen, Schutzgeräte oder Schaltanlagen. Das AIT Austrian Institute of Technology hat als Prüfzentrum für elektrische und elektronische Komponenten eine neue Anlage für Gleichspannungs-Hochleistungs-Prüfungen entworfen und umgesetzt, welche als Entwicklungs- und Qualifikationsinfrastruktur für Industrie und Forschung dient. Im Zuge der Anlagenplanung wurde ein Simulationsmodell für Impedanzverhältnisse und dynamische Effekte des Prüfstroms erstellt. Dieses Modell war von zentraler Bedeutung für die Konstruktion der Anlage, welche für Prüfströme von 80 kA und mehr ausgelegt ist. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt das Anlagenkonzept und geht auf die Validierung des Modells durch Messungen mit der realen Anlage ein.
True value, error, and measurement uncertainty: two views
Authors: Lee Jong Wha , Hwang Euijin , Kacker Raghu N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMeasurement uncertainty, as established in the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), is a central concept in metrology. The GUM is known for its detailed discussions on the concepts of true value and error and their relation to measurement uncertainty. However, the GUM statements on true value and error have been a source of conceptual controversies, sometimes leading to inconsistent or unclear descriptions on true value, error, and uncertainty. Here, we discuss that such controversies arise from an unclear distinction between two views of measurement with fundamentally different premises. In one of the views, called the realist view, measurement is regarded as an activity of estimating or determining the true value, in which case measurement uncertainty represents the dispersion of reasonable estimates of true values. In the other view, called the instrumentalist view, measurement is regarded as an activity of assigning values to a measurand, in which case measurement uncertainty represents the dispersion of values that could reasonably be assigned to a measurand. By examining the philosophy of measurement in each view, we show that a clear understanding of the two views is critical for understanding the GUM.
Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease–related postural abnormalities: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Spindler Philipp , Alzoobi Yasmin , Kühn Andrea A. , Faust Katharina , Schneider Gerd-Helge , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a well-established treatment modality for Parkinson’s disease (PD), especially regarding motor fluctuations, dyskinesias, and tremor. Although postural abnormalities (i.e., Camptocormia [CC] and Pisa syndrome [Pisa]) are known to be a major symptom of PD as well, the influence of DBS on postural abnormalities is unclear. The objective of this study is to analyze the existing literature regarding DBS for PD-associated postural abnormalities in a systematic review and meta-analysis. In compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 studies that reported the effect of DBS regarding postural abnormalities. After screening of 53 studies, a total of 98 patients (44 female, 53 males, 1 not reported; mean age: 62.3, range 30–83 years) with postural abnormalities (CC n = 98; Pisa n = 11) were analyzed from 18 included studies. Of those patients, 94.9% underwent STN-DBS and 5.1% had GPi as DBS target area. A positive outcome was reported for 67.8% with CC and 72.2% with Pisa. In the meta-analysis, younger age and lower pre-operative UPDRS-III (ON/OFF) were found as positive predictive factors for a positive effect of DBS. DBS might be a potentially effective treatment option for PD-associated postural abnormalities. However, the level of evidence is rather low, and definition of postoperative outcome is heterogenous between studies. Therefore larger, prospective trials are necessary to give a clear recommendation.
Levenberg–Marquardt method and partial exact penalty parameter selection in bilevel optimization
Authors: Tin Andrey , Zemkoho Alain B. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe consider the optimistic bilevel optimization problem, known to have a wide range of applications in engineering, that we transform into a single-level optimization problem by means of the lower-level optimal value function reformulation. Subsequently, based on the partial calmness concept, we build an equation system, which is parameterized by the corresponding partial exact penalization parameter. We then design and analyze a Levenberg–Marquardt method to solve this parametric system of equations. Considering the fact that the selection of the partial exact penalization parameter is a critical issue when numerically solving a bilevel optimization problem by means of the value function reformulation, we conduct a careful experimental study to this effect, in the context of the Levenberg–Marquardt method, while using the Bilevel Optimization LIBrary (BOLIB) series of test problems. This study enables the construction of some safeguarding mechanisms for practical robust convergence of the method and can also serve as base for the selection of the penalty parameter for other bilevel optimization algorithms. We also compare the Levenberg–Marquardt method introduced in this paper to other existing algorithms of similar nature.
Are Fossils Mineral or Cultural Heritage? The Perspective of Brazilian Legislation
Authors: Kuhn Caiubi Emanuel Souza , Carvalho Ismar de Souza , Reis Fábio Augusto Gomes Vieira , Spisila André Luis , Nolasco Marjorie Csekö 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFossils have great potential for elucidating and popularizing geosciences among all age groups. Brazil, due to its continental dimension and wide geodiversity, has many internationally important fossiliferous sites, which include rocks from the Pre-Cambrian to the Quaternary eras. Thus, in this study, we analyse the legislation and public policies related to the extraction, use, or protection of fossils and palaeontological sites in Brazil. This research examines the legal and infra-legal normative documents and numerous publications on the subject. Our results show that fossils are considered a heritage of the union, i.e. mineral heritage according to the mining code or, exceptionally, cultural heritage when they are related to human culture. Although the sale of fossils as a main product of mineral extraction is not regulated, it is possible and legal to sell material extracted from rocks formed basically by fossils. Hence, it is common to observe the use of such fossiliferous rocks as landfill, construction and paving materials, agricultural inputs, or other types of industrialized products. Mining and civil works, by exposing layers of fresh or slightly weathered rocks and expanding available observation areas, contribute to the advancement of palaeontological knowledge. Accordingly, we evaluate the absence of clear criteria for differentiating whether a fossil is a rare specimen or a common occurrence, entailing the necessity for the proposal of new norms for the preservation of Brazilian fossil heritage. Our study demonstrates that a new legal framework concerning the extraction of mineral resources is crucial to ensure a better preservation of Brazilian fossil heritage and to provide legal certainty for both professionals who research these natural assets and mining companies or those who develop construction projects in sedimentary basins.
Arrangement of watershed from overflowing lookout applying the SWAT prototypical and SUFI-2 (case study: Kasiliyan watershed, Mazandaran Province, Iran)
Authors: Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOverflows are an ordinary singularity that origins substantial fatalities of lifecycle and possessions and anthropological civilizations each time and persons have recognized it as a predictable occurrence. In this investigation, to forecast the overflowing in Kasiliyan SWAT hydrological prototypical was applied. Evidence wanted to be this investigation, with topographical maps, terrestrial usage, soil information, and climatological information, information about steady precipitation, temperature, and current degree were organized earlier. SUFI-2 database was applied for prototypical standardization. Subsequently the standardization and optimization of the prototypical, justification of the prototypical in the study zone was completed. The standardization of the prototypical was done from 2004 to 2010 and corroboration was completed from 2011 to 2014. To examine the consequences of arithmetical gauges R2, bR2, and Nash Sutcliffe constant were applied. Afterward prototypical standardization the particular constants were 0.79, 0.66, and 0.79 and the individual corroboration constants were 0.79, 0.76, and 0.71. The sensitivity consequences of 25 components that are important on overflow aquatic displayed that static components of groundwater improper current, its period, and the smallest quantity of aquatic essential for groundwater improper current are more complex than other components. Quantity Kasiliyan component curvatures were applied for overflow washbasin. Kasiliyan washbasin was separated into 24 zones to investigate the overflowing design. Lastly applying the overhead professed Mockups, it was decided that sub basin number 7 had the primary-rank with runoff 128.06, sub basin number 12 had the next rank with overflow in relations of overflowing and sub basin number 2 with a 12.62 has the minimum quantity of overflow.
Whole Life Design: Theory and Applications of This New Approach to Offshore Geotechnics
Authors: Gourvenec Susan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGeotechnical properties can evolve throughout the design life of a structure due to actions imposed during installation, the operational life or late and end of life management of an asset. Whole life geotechnical design seeks to predict soil-structure responses across the design life by considering the whole life of imposed actions coupled with geotechnical properties that evolve with each action. In contrast, traditional geotechnical design considers the ‘worst case’ single value of minimum resistance or stiffness coupled with the ‘worst case’ single value of maximum action over the design life. The emerging philosophy of whole life geotechnical design checks limit states at different stages of the ‘whole life’ against ‘current’ geotechnical properties, updated based on the processes that have occurred and the responses that have accumulated earlier in the design life. Consideration of whole life geotechnical response provides greater insight, enabling forecasting of the response of a supported structure through and beyond its design life. Insights can be applied at the initial design stage for optimal sizing; through life for assessing or predicting cumulative displacements or changes in resistance, and assumptions in the initial design against observed performance. By extension, these insights can be used to predict actual remaining design life; for re-lifing or re-purposing; and decommissioning. This paper presents the overarching philosophy of whole life geotechnical design, theory underpinning the evolution of geotechnical properties, derivation of the appropriate parameters, and some applications. This paper demonstrates the potential of whole life design, particularly to the emerging opportunities of offshore renewable energy infrastructure.
The Ageing Nose: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Navaratnam Annakan Victor , Stoenchev Kostadin V. , Acharya Vikas , Saleh Hesham A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Rhinoplasty has traditionally been considered an elective procedure for younger patients. However, increasingly older patients are undergoing nasal surgery for both functional and aesthetic indications. We provide an overview of the common problems with rhinoplasty in the elderly and the surgical techniques that can be reliably utilised to address them to produce predictable and longstanding results.

Recent Findings
Outcomes from studies of older rhinoplasty patients emphasise the need for a tailored approach that preserves natural structures. However, if reinforced structural support is required, especially in functional cases, grafting techniques such as septal extension grafts, spreader grafts and alar strut grafts are required. Furthermore, special consideration must be made for the nasal skin in older patients, and utilisation of dorsal onlay grafts is often necessary.

Summary
Surgery for the ageing nose is a complex challenge for the rhinoplasty surgeon. Preoperative assessment is critical and must include detailed facial analysis that considers the amplification of facial asymmetry due to the ageing process and an appreciation that expectations in this population may differ from younger patients. A comprehensive understanding of the age-related anatomical changes in the nasal structure and the wide repertoire of operative techniques are required to restore form and function.
A baseline-reactive scheduling method for carrier-based aircraft maintenance tasks
Authors: Zhang Yong , Li Changjiu , Su Xichao , Cui Rongwei , Wan Bing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCarrier-based aircraft maintenance tasks are conducted in time-critical, resource-constrained, and uncertain environments. Optimizing the scheduling allocation scheme of maintenance personnel and equipment, reasonably responding to uncertainty disturbances, and maintaining a high fleet availability are vital to the combat and training missions of carrier-based aircraft. The maintenance task scheduling problem for carrier-based aircraft is investigated in this study. First, a mathematical model for comprehensive carrier-based aircraft maintenance task scheduling that considers constraints such as maintenance personnel, equipment/shop, space, and parallel capacity is developed. Second, to generate the baseline scheduling scheme, an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (I_NSGA-II) with local neighborhood search is proposed for the model optimization solution; I_NSGA-II uses the serial scheduling generation scheme mechanism to generate the time sequence scheduling scheme for maintenance personnel and equipment/workshop of different fleet sizes. Third, to cope with dynamic uncertainty disturbances, two reactive scheduling methods, i.e., complete rescheduling and partial rescheduling, are proposed to perform reactive scheduling corrections to the baseline schedule. Case simulation shows that the established mathematical model is reasonable and practical, and that the proposed I_NSGA-II is superior to the current mainstream algorithms. In addition, the decision maker can select between the two reactive scheduling methods flexibly based on the different forms and scales of disturbance.
Macroscopic Electromagnetic Cooperative Network-Enhanced MXene/Ni Chains Aerogel-Based Microwave Absorber with Ultra-Low Matching Thickness
Authors: Pan Fei , Rao Yanping , Batalu Dan , Cai Lei , Dong Yanyan , Zhu Xiaojie , Shi Yuyang , Shi Zhong , Liu Yaowen , Lu Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectromagnetic cooperative strategy has been presented as a mainstream approach that can effectively optimize the matching thickness of dielectric loss dominant system. However, it is still challenging for dielectric–magnetic loss coexisting-type absorber to develop electromagnetic wave (EMW) performance with ultra-low matching thickness (≤ 1 mm). Breaking the limitation of traditional electromagnetic response at microscopic/mesoscopic scale, a ficus microcarpa-like magnetic aerogel with macroscopical electromagnetic cooperative effect was fabricated through highly oriented self-assembly engineering. The highly oriented Ni chains with unique macroscopic morphology (~ 1 cm in length) were achieved via a special magnetic field-induced growth. Strong magnetic coupling was observed in the Ni chains confirmed by the micromagnetic simulation. The deductive calculation validates that maintaining high value of electromagnetic parameters at high frequencies is the prerequisites of ultrathin absorber. The electromagnetic cooperative networks with uninterrupted and dual pathways spread through the entire aerogel skeleton, resulting in the impressive permittivity even at high frequencies. Consequently, the aerogel exhibits a remarkable EMW performance at an ultrathin thickness of 1 mm. Thus, based on the modulation of electromagnetic parameters, this work proposed a macroscopic ordered structure with the electromagnetic cooperative effect useful to develop a suitable strategy for achieving ultrathin EMW absorbers.
PTMOT: A Probabilistic Multiple Object Tracker Enhanced by Tracklet Confidence for Autonomous Driving
Authors: Jiang Kun , Shi Yining , Zhou Taohua , Yang Mengmeng , Yang Diange 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReal driving scenarios, due to occlusions and disturbances, provide disordered and noisy measurements, which makes the task of multi-object tracking quite challenging. Conventional approach is to find deterministic data association; however, it has unstable performance in high clutter density. This paper proposes a novel probabilistic tracklet-enhanced multiple object tracker (PTMOT), which integrates Poisson multi-Bernoulli mixture (PMBM) filter with confidence of tracklets. The proposed method is able to realize efficient and robust probabilistic association for 3D multi-object tracking (MOT) and improve the PMBM filter’s continuity by smoothing single target hypothesis with global hypothesis. It consists of two key parts. First, the PMBM tracker based on sets of tracklets is implemented to realize probabilistic fusion of disordered measurements. Second, the confidence of tracklets is smoothed through a smoothing-while-filtering approach. Extensive MOT tests on nuScenes tracking dataset demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior performance in different modalities.
Nail pigmentation induced by chemotherapy: an observational study of patients with early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Jiang Kuikui , Shi Simei , Lin Qiulian , Sun Peng , Zhang Luan , Yuan Zhongyu , Hong Ruoxi , Shi Yanxia , Liu Xia , Zhang Jingmin , Huang Jiajia , Bi Xiwen , Xia Wen , Lu Qianyi , Zheng Qiufan , Wang Shusen , Xu Fei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Chemotherapy-induced nail pigmentation is a common adverse effect, but prospective studies focussing on its onset, recovery, and severity are few. We aim to evaluate the pattern of chemotherapy-induced nail pigmentation in early-stage breast cancer patients by calculating the comprehensive score based on hyperpigmentation area and color depth of the nail plate.

Methods
This prospective, observational study was conducted between February 2019 and December 2019. Early-stage breast cancer patients scheduled to receive anthracyclines combined with cyclophosphamide or taxane-containing regimens were enrolled. The clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment protocols were collected. The onset, patterns, and duration of nail changes were photographed and recorded regularly.

Results
A total of 90 patients were enrolled. The most common nail change was nail pigmentation (n = 81, 90.0%), followed by onycholysis (n = 39, 43.3%), Beau’s lines (n = 19, 21.1%), Mees’ lines (n = 16, 17.8%), Muehrcke’s lines (n = 7, 7.8%), and hemorrhage (n = 1, 1.1%). Forty-four (48.9%) patients developed severe nail pigmentation. The median onset time of nail pigmentation was 37 days after the initiation of chemotherapy. At the latest follow-up, 55(67.9%) patients achieved remission of melanonychia with the median recovery time of 118 days. The median duration of nail pigmentation was 214 days.

Conclusion
Our study revealed the specific pattern of chemotherapy-induced nail pigmentation, which onsets early and recovers slowly with a high incidence of severe nail pigmentation, in early-stage breast cancer patients. The results provide reference for further intervention studies.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04215744. Registered 30 December 2019—Retrospectively registered.
Which states can be reached from a given state by unital completely positive maps?
Authors: Magajna Bojan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor a state $\omega$ on a C$^{*}$-algebra $A$, we characterize all states $\rho$ in the weak* closure of the set of all states of the form $\omega \circ \varphi$, where $\varphi$ is a map on $A$ of the form $\varphi (x)=\sum \nolimits _{i=1}^{n}a_i^{*}xa_i,$ $\sum \nolimits _{i=1}^{n}a_i^{*}a_i=1$ ($a_i\in A$, $n\in \mathbb {N}$). These are precisely the states $\rho$ that satisfy $\|\rho |J\|\leq \|\omega |J\|$ for each ideal $J$ of $A$. The corresponding question for normal states on a von Neumann algebra $\mathcal {R}$ (with the weak* closure replaced by the norm closure) is also considered. All normal states of the form $\omega \circ \psi$, where $\psi$ is a quantum channel on $\mathcal {R}$ (that is, a map of the form $\psi (x)=\sum \nolimits _ja_j^{*}xa_j$, where $a_j\in \mathcal {R}$ are such that the sum $\sum \nolimits _ja_j^{*}a_j$ converge to $1$ in the weak operator topology) are characterized. A variant of this topic for hermitian functionals instead of states is investigated. Maximally mixed states are shown to vanish on the strong radical of a C$^{*}$-algebra and for properly infinite von Neumann algebras the converse also holds.
Regional exchange and exclusive elite rituals in Iron Age central Anatolia: dating, function and circulation of Alişar-IV ware
Authors: d’Alfonso Lorenzo , Basso Elena , Castellano Lorenzo , Mantovan Alessio , Vertuani Paola 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlişar-IV ware is one of the most characteristic ceramic productions of early first-millennium BC central Anatolia and the only one characterised by painted figurative motifs besides geometric decorations. The ongoing excavations at Niğde-Kınık Höyük have uncovered a collection of fragments belonging to 42 Alişar-IV vessels, and this systematic material study of these sherds contributes much to understanding aspects of their production, use and consumption. Petrographic and chemical evidence presented in this study indicates that two-thirds of them were produced locally. Conversely, the study of Alişar-IV fragments from other regions of the Anatolian plateau has shown that they are non-local productions. We thus suggest that Alişar-IV ware is a product of a few centres within south-central Anatolia and that, from there, it circulated among and beyond these centres. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the main period of production of this ware covers the tenth and ninth centuries BC, in agreement with the evidence from Polatlı Yassı Höyük, Kaman-Kalehöyük and Böğazköy-Büyükkaya. The small number of Alişar-IV vessels found at each site is indicative of a limited, exclusive production. A combined study of their shapes and iconography might support the hypothesis that the Alişar-IV ware was primarily associated with wine circulation and consumption.