bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plateau proposal distributions for adaptive component-wise multiple-try metropolis
Authors: Lau F. Din-Houn , Krumscheid Sebastian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMarkov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are sampling methods that have become a commonly used tool in statistics, for example to perform Monte Carlo integration. As a consequence of the increase in computational power, many variations of MCMC methods exist for generating samples from arbitrary, possibly complex, target distributions. The performance of an MCMC method, in particular that of a Metropolis–Hastings MCMC method, is predominately governed by the choice of the so-called proposal distribution used. In this paper, we introduce a new type of proposal distribution for the use in Metropolis–Hastings MCMC methods that operates component-wise and with multiple trials per iteration. Specifically, the novel class of proposal distributions, calledPlateaudistributions, does not overlap, thus ensuring that the multiple trials are drawn from different regions of the state space. Furthermore, the Plateau proposal distributions allow for a bespoke adaptation procedure that lends itself to a Markov chain with efficient problem dependent state space exploration and favourable burn-in properties. Simulation studies show that our novel MCMC algorithm outperforms competitors when sampling from distributions with a complex shape, highly correlated components or multiple modes.
Programmplanung in der Weiterbildung unter dem Einfluss der Corona-Pandemie: Befunde einer empirischen Studie
Authors: Haberzeth Erik , Dernbach-Stolz Stefanie 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird das programmplanerische Handeln in Einrichtungen der Weiterbildung unter dem Einfluss der Corona-Pandemie in den Blick genommen. Es wird analysiert, wie Weiterbildungsprogramme und -angebote unter den durch die Pandemie geprägten Bedingungen konzipiert werden und welche neuen Anforderungen und Aufgaben sich dabei für Programmplanende möglicherweise stellen. Fokussiert wird die pädagogische Kerntätigkeit der Bedürfnis- und Zielgruppenanalyse sowie der Angebotsentwicklung. Die empirische Basis des Beitrags bilden zehn Gruppendiskussionen mit insgesamt 46 Programmplanenden, die zwischen Juni und November 2021 geführt wurden. Die Befunde der Studie weisen darauf hin, dass sich die Anforderungen an die Programmplanung unter dem Einfluss der Pandemie weiter ausdifferenziert haben und in ihrem Anspruch gestiegen sind. Als besonders einflussreich erweist sich dabei die neue Planungskategorie der Online-Veranstaltung. Sie führt zu einem erhöhten Reflexions- und Entscheidungsbedarf in verschiedener Hinsicht sowie zu einem erhöhten Wissens- und Kompetenzanspruch an das professionelle planerische Handeln.
Preferentially oriented growth of diamond films on silicon with nickel interlayer
Authors: K.C. Anupam , Siddique Anwar , Anderson Jonathan , Saha Rony , Gautam Chhabindra , Ayala Anival , Engdahl Chris , Holtz Mark W. , Piner Edwin L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A multistep deposition technique is developed to produce highly oriented diamond films by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) on Si (111) substrates. The orientation is produced by use of a thin, 5–20 nm, Ni interlayer. Annealing studies demonstrate diffusion of Ni into Si to form nickel silicides with crystal structure depending on temperature. The HFCVD diamond film with Ni interlayer results in reduced non-diamond carbon, low surface roughness, high diamond crystal quality, and increased texturing relative to growth on bare silicon wafers. X-ray diffraction results show that the diamond film grown with 10 nm Ni interlayer yielded 92.5% of the diamond grains oriented along the (110) crystal planes with ~ 2.5 µm thickness and large average grain size ~ 1.45 µm based on scanning electron microscopy. Texture is also observed to develop for ~ 300 nm thick diamond films with ~ 89.0% of the grains oriented along the (110) crystal plane direction. These results are significantly better than diamond grown on Si (111) without Ni layer with the same HFCVD conditions. The oriented growth of diamond film on Ni interlayers is explained by a proposed model wherein the nano-diamond seeds becoming oriented relative to the β1-Ni3Si that forms during the diamond nucleation period. The model also explains the silicidation and diamond growth processes.

Article Highlights

High quality diamond film with minimum surface roughness and ~93% oriented grains along (110) crystallographic direction is grown on Si substrate using a thin 5 to 20 nm nickel layer.

A detailed report on the formation of different phases of nickel silicide, its stability with different temperature, and its role for diamond film texturing at HFCVD growth condition is presented.

A diamond growth model on Si substrate with Ni interlayer to grow high quality-oriented diamond film is established.
Combined climate impacts and vulnerability index on coastal ecosystems in prediction of future scenarios: extended sustainable indicator tool for adaptive strategy
Authors: Payus C. M. , Herman F. , Sentian J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study presents the coastal vulnerability due to the forecasted climate change impact on the marine environment, including the sea level rise physical trait of risk impact. A combined methodology using Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), which corresponds to the greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, is used in this research; combined with Climate Change Vulnerability Index (CCVI) to rank the relative risk for each of the marine ecosystem zones in relation to the potential hazard exacerbated by climate change and sea-level rise. This method presents vulnerability in numerical data, which cannot be calculated directly based on their physical properties. From the results, it shows that the coastal areas of the study area of Marudu Bay would experience a warmer atmosphere both under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 with an increment of 1.0 °C and 1.7 °C; meanwhile, the climate projection for total exhibits of increase in total precipitation by 2.6 mm/day and 1.6. mm/day under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 at the regional measure. At the same time, the projection simulates an increase of sea level by 0.21 m and 0.27 m over the northern region of Marudu Bay under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively. In addition, 43.84 ha and 57.02 ha of land estimated would be potentially inundated by the mid-century year 2050 under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. By the end of the century 2100, the sea level is projected to increase locally at about 0.32 m under RCP 4.5 and 0.38 m under RCP 8.5, consequently resulting in a total of 66.84 ha and 79.78 ha of additional inundation coverage. Therefore, the result from this study can be used when making effective adaptive strategies and conservation planning despite its inherent uncertainties.
Automating the Detection of Access Control Vulnerabilities in Web Applications
Authors: Rennhard Marc , Kushnir Malte , Favre Olivier , Esposito Damiano , Zahnd Valentin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe importance of automated and reproducible security testing of web applications is growing, driven by increasing security requirements, short software development cycles, and constraints with respect to time and budget. Existing automated security testing tools are already well suited to detect some types of vulnerabilities, e.g., SQL injection or cross-site scripting vulnerabilities. However, other vulnerability types are much harder to uncover in an automated way. One important representative of this type are access control vulnerabilities, which are highly relevant in practice as they can grant unauthorized users access to security-critical data or functions in web applications. In this paper, a practical solution to automatically detect HTTP GET request-based access control vulnerabilities in web applications is presented. The solution is based on previously proposed ideas, which are extended with novel approaches to enable completely automated access control testing with minimal configuration effort, which in turn enables frequent and reproducible testing. An evaluation with seven web applications based on different technologies demonstrates the general applicability of the solution and that it can automatically uncover most access control vulnerabilities while keeping the number of false positives low.
Accessory Climbing Routes Associated With More Rescue Operations Than the Main Climbing Route: A Retrospective 12-Year Report of Yushan National Park
Authors: Kuo Chun-Yen , Ho Chun-Yi , Shih Hong-Mo , Lin Wei-Ling , Hsu Tai-Yi , Chen Wei-Kung , Chen Hang-Cheng 
Published: July 2022

Introduction This study compared the casualties and types of rescues conducted on the main climbing route (MCR) and accessory climbing routes (ACRs) in Yushan National Park (YSNP) between 2008 and 2019. Methods We collected the following information for all documented mountain rescue operations conducted on the MCRs and ACRs in YSNP between 2008 and 2019: accident location, casualty type, victim number, and type of rescue. The victims were categorized as to injury, illness, mortality, or no medical problem (NMP) groups according to their condition at the time of rescue. Results Two-hundred forty-four rescue operations involving 329 victims were conducted during the 12-y study period. Among them, 105 (32%) did not require medical treatment, 102 (31%) were injured, 82 (25%) were ill, and 40 (12%) were deceased. Of the 82 individuals with illness, 69 (84%) had acute altitude sickness. The accident and mortality rates on the ACRs were significantly higher than those on the MCR ( P<0.001; χ2). The ACR incidents involved significantly higher percentages of helicopter-based rescues and victims in the NMP group ( P<0.001). Conclusions Acute altitude sickness accounted for most of the rescues. ACRs had higher injury and mortality rates and required more helicopter-based rescues for patients who did not have medical problems. This study may serve as a reference to reduce casualties and overuse of helicopters by educating tourists on the appropriate use of maps and the evaluation of trails in relation to weather conditions.
Evaluating the impact of mandatory indications on antibiotic utilization in a community hospital
Authors: Chan April J. , Nisenbaum Rosane , Downing Mark , Langford Bradley J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objective:
We evaluated the impact of introducing a mandatory indication field into electronic order entry for targeted antibiotics in adult inpatients.

Design:
Retrospective, before-and-after trial.

Setting:
A 400-bed community hospital.

Interventions:
All adult electronic intravenous (IV) and enteral orders for targeted antibiotics (moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, vancomycin, and metronidazole) had a mandatory indication field added. Control antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftriaxone and piperacillin-tazobactam) were chosen to track shifts in antibiotic prescribing due to the introduction of mandatory indication field.

Methods:
Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the primary outcome, measured in Defined Daily Doses (DDD) per 1000 patient days (PD). Interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis was performed to compare levels and trends in antibiotic usage of targeted and control antibiotics during 24 months before and after the intervention. Additionally, a descriptive analysis of mandatory indication fields for targeted antibiotics in the postintervention period was conducted.

Results:
In total, 4,572 study antibiotic orders were evaluated after the intervention. Preset mandatory indications were selected for 30%–55% of orders. There was decreased usage of targeted antibiotics (mean, 92.02 vs 72.07 DDD/1000-PD) with increased usage of control antibiotics (mean, 102.73 vs 119.91 DDD/1000-PD). ITS analysis showed no statistically significant difference in overall antibiotic usage before and after the intervention for all targeted antibiotics.

Conclusion:
This study showed moderate use of preset mandatory indications, suggesting that the preset list of indications can be optimized. There was no impact on overall antibiotic usage with the use of mandatory indications. More prospective research is needed to study the utility of this intervention in different contexts.
Show me the data: A statewide comparative report of National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Antimicrobial Use Option standardized antimicrobial administration ratios (SAARs)
Authors: Winders Hana R. , Antosz Kayla , Al-Hasan Majdi , Bookstaver P. Brandon , Bailey Pamela , Waites Katie , Justo Julie Ann 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Antimicrobial Stewardship Collaborative of South Carolina created quarterly Comparative SAAR Analysis Reports based on standardized antimicrobial administration ratio (SAAR) data from the NHSN Antimicrobial Use (AU) Option. These reports provide SAAR histograms and site-specific feedback to participating facilities in South Carolina. They were created to improve antimicrobial use throughout the state, especially in rural regions.
Harvesting the low-hanging fruit? Comparative assessment of intravenous to oral route antimicrobial conversion policy implementation
Authors: Moehring Rebekah W. , Davis Angelina , Dodds Ashley Elizabeth , Dyer April P. , Drew Richard H. , Loknyghina Yuliya , Johnson Melissa D. , Jones Travis M. , Spires S. Shaefer , Sexton Daniel J. , Anderson Deverick J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolicies that promote conversion of antibiotics from intravenous to oral route administration are considered “low hanging fruit” for hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs. We developed a simple metric based on digestive days of therapy divided by total days of therapy for targeted agents and a method for hospital comparisons. External comparisons may help identify opportunities for improving prospective implementation.
Influence of glacier inventories on ice thickness estimates and future glacier change projections in the Tian Shan range, Central Asia
Authors: Li Fei , Maussion Fabien , Wu Guangjian , Chen Wenfeng , Yu Zhengliang , Li Yaojun , Liu Guohua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Tian Shan mountain range, known as the water towers of Central Asia, plays a key role in local water supply, yet large uncertainties remain about the amount of water that is stored in its glaciers. In this study, we assess the impact of the boundary conditions on ice thickness estimates using two inversion models: a mass conservation (MC) model and a basal shear stress (BS) model. We compare the widely used Randolph Glacier Inventory version 6 with the updated Glacier Area Mapping for Discharge from the Asian Mountains glacier inventory, as well as two digital elevation models (SRTM DEM and Copernicus DEM). The results show that the ice volume (in ~2000 CE) in the Tian Shan range is 661.0 ± 163.5 km3 for the MC model and 552.8 ± 85.3 km3 for the BS model. There are strong regional differences due to inventory, especially for glaciers in China (17–25%). However, the effect of different DEM sources on ice volume estimation is limited. By the end of the 21st century, the projected mass loss differences between inventories are higher than between adjacent emission scenarios, illustrating the vital importance of high-quality inventories. These differences should be carefully considered during water resource planning.
Utilizing technology to expand home monitoring to high-risk infants with CHD
Authors: Hartman Dana , Ebenroth Eric , Farrell Anne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInfants born with single ventricle physiology that require an aorto-pulmonary shunt are at high risk for sudden cardiac death, particularly during the interstage period between the first-stage palliation and the second-stage palliation. Home monitoring programs have decreased interstage mortality in the hypoplastic left heart syndrome population prompting programs to expand the home monitoring program to other high-risk populations. At our mid-sized program, we implemented the Locus Health home monitoring platform first in the hypoplastic left heart syndrome population, then expanding to the single ventricle shunt population. Interstage mortality for the hypoplastic left heart syndrome population after initiation of the home monitoring program went from 18% prior to 2009 to 7% as of the end of 2020 (n = 99), with 2.8% mortality from 2013 to 2020 and 0% mortality since initiation of the Locus program in 2017. Caregiver surveys done prior to discharge and then 3 weeks later were used to document caregiver experience using the digital home monitoring program. Caregivers reported overall positive experience with the digital application, with 91.8% stating that they felt confident taking care of their baby at home. Transitioning the home monitoring program from a traditional binder to an iPad with the Locus Health application allowed us to expand the program, utilize the electronic medical record, bill for the service, and demonstrate positive experiences for caregivers. Overall engagement and adherence with the program by caregivers were 50.94 and 45.45%, with a total of 112 patient episodes. Reimbursement from private insurance providers was 22% of the billed amount for 2020.
The prescriber’s guide to classic MAO inhibitors (phenelzine, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid) for treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Van den Eynde Vincent , Abdelmoemin Wegdan R. , Abraham Magid M. , Amsterdam Jay D. , Anderson Ian M. , Andrade Chittaranjan , Baker Glen B. , Beekman Aartjan T.F. , Berk Michael , Birkenhäger Tom K. , Blackwell Barry B. , Blier Pierre , Blom Marc B.J. , Bodkin Alexander J. , Cattaneo Carlo I. , Dantz Bezalel , Davidson Jonathan , Dunlop Boadie W. , Estévez Ryan F. , Feinberg Shalom S. , Finberg John P.M. , Fochtmann Laura J. , Gotlib David , Holt Andrew , Insel Thomas R. , Larsen Jens K. , Mago Rajnish , Menkes David B. , Meyer Jonathan M. , Nutt David J. , Parker Gordon , Rego Mark D. , Richelson Elliott , Ruhé Henricus G. , Sáiz-Ruiz Jerónimo , Stahl Stephen M. , Steele Thomas , Thase Michael E. , Ulrich Sven , van Balkom Anton J.L.M. , Vieta Eduard , Whyte Ian , Young Allan H. , Gillman Peter K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article is a clinical guide which discusses the “state-of-the-art” usage of the classic monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) antidepressants (phenelzine, tranylcypromine, and isocarboxazid) in modern psychiatric practice. The guide is for all clinicians, including those who may not be experienced MAOI prescribers. It discusses indications, drug-drug interactions, side-effect management, and the safety of various augmentation strategies. There is a clear and broad consensus (more than 70 international expert endorsers), based on 6 decades of experience, for the recommendations herein exposited. They are based on empirical evidence and expert opinion—this guide is presented as a new specialist-consensus standard. The guide provides practical clinical advice, and is the basis for the rational use of these drugs, particularly because it improves and updates knowledge, and corrects the various misconceptions that have hitherto been prominent in the literature, partly due to insufficient knowledge of pharmacology. The guide suggests that MAOIs should always be considered in cases of treatment-resistant depression (including those melancholic in nature), and prior to electroconvulsive therapy—while taking into account of patient preference. In selected cases, they may be considered earlier in the treatment algorithm than has previously been customary, and should not be regarded as drugs of last resort; they may prove decisively effective when many other treatments have failed. The guide clarifies key points on the concomitant use of incorrectly proscribed drugs such as methylphenidate and some tricyclic antidepressants. It also illustrates the straightforward “bridging” methods that may be used to transition simply and safely from other antidepressants to MAOIs.
A fully flexible, high gain saw-tooth-shaped boundary fractal wearable patch antenna for WBAN applications
Authors: Mallavarapu Sandhya , Lokam Anjaneyulu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA flexible and high gain saw-tooth-shaped boundary fractal wearable antenna is anticipated for WBAN applications. A square shape is converted to the saw-tooth-shaped boundary by sequentially rotating the square at an angle of 45° and overlaid on one another and repeated the same for three iterations. The geometry is built on a flexible jeans substrate, and the total size of the anticipated antenna is 0.583λ × 0.583λ × 0.02λ at 2.4 GHz. A prototype has been made to test its suitability for wearable applications' gain, bandwidth, and efficiency. The results revealed that the proposed antenna provides an impedance bandwidth of 4.2% and a peak gain of 5.76 dBi at the 2.45 GHz ISM band. The anticipated antenna is wrapped around foam cylinders of radii 70 and 50 mm to test the stability and deformability of its performance. The full ground plane isolates the antenna from the human body contributing to the lower SAR values. The simulated maximum achieved specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.3025 and 1.16 W/kg for 10 and 1 g of average tissue for the input power of 100 mW, respectively, found within the standards as per FCC. The peak gain, compact size, and SAR permanence made the anticipated antenna a worthy candidate for wearable on/off body applications.
Transcription, Translation, and Collaboration
Authors: Scott Rebecca J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis short essay, prepared on the occasion of the conferral of the Distinguished Service Award of the Conference on Latin American History, uses various examples to illustrate the pleasure to be drawn from the day-to-day work of academic history. It opens with reflections on the practice of transcription, the act of bringing recognizable syllables and words out of the often baffling strokes of the pen that have left ink on paper. Although the wave of digitization has increased the sum total of material easily available to us, it is when we do the work of paleography, reducing the continuous lines of manuscript to something close to the discontinuities of type, that we find that our brains can hold on to the words and carry the interpretation forward. After transcription often comes translation, converting the formulas, idioms, and idiosyncrasies of past speech into language intelligible to our readers. As we translate, we are forced to acknowledge our own uncertainties about the meaning of texts, and to make the provisional choices that resolve ambiguity. Across both of these tasks we are nourished by collaboration, the talking and writing together that makes the study of the past into a social activity. Eager collaboration turns the practice of history into a double dialogue, with the documents and with our colleagues, engaging the mind and the spirit and bringing what can only be called joy.