bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Urban Area Identification Based on Vector Buildings and Quantitative Attribution of Optimal Distance Threshold: A Case Study in Chongqing Municipality, Southwestern China
Authors: Wang Dan , Kong Liang , Chen Zhongsheng , Yang Xia , Luo Mingliang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The accurate distinction between cities and villages plays a great role in the sustainable development of cities. The physical urban area is not artificially delimited, and reflects the objective distribution of the spatial scope of the urban area. Although there are many methods that have studied and explained the physical urban area to a certain extent, the influencing factors of identification threshold are not studied deeply. In this paper, 22 administrative districts in central and western Chongqing Municipality are taken as the research object. Based on vector building data, the urban expansion curve method is used to identify the optimal distance threshold to extract the physical urban area of Chongqing Municipality. And the geographical detector technique is used to detect respectively that how and to what extent the urban spatial structure factors, geographical environment factors and social economic factors affect the optimal distance threshold of 22 administrative districts. The results show that the optimal distance threshold for identifying physical urban area of Chongqing Municipality based on the vector building is 146m, and the physical urban area is 1598.43km2, with the error of 2.1% compared with the built-up area. Taking 22 administrative districts as the individual research objects, it is found that the road network density and building density in urban spatial structure factors, urbanization rate and urban population density in socio-economic factors, and their interaction with regional GDP play a critical role in the optimal distance threshold, and the index value of influence degree ≥ 0.79. Under the influence of different factors, the optimal distance thresholds of 22 administrative districts show adaptive characteristics. Looking forward to the future, quantitative analysis of the relationship between the structural scale, economic indicators, geographical environment and the optimal distance threshold of different levels of cities will help to understand the driving mechanism that affects physical urban area identification more deeply. The adaptive characteristics of the optimal distance threshold proposed in this paper also provide a theoretical basis for further study on the morphological characteristics and distribution laws of multi-scale cities.
Mechanical Response Analysis of Asphalt Pavement Structure with Embedded Sensor
Authors: WANG Pengcheng , ZHONG Guoqiang , XIN Xue , XIAO Fei , LIANG MING , WANG Chao , SU Linping , ZHU Yanli , LIU Shang , WANG Hao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Long-term and real-time monitoring of asphalt pavement can be carried out by using embedded sensors to perceive and predict structural damage during pavement operation period, so as to avoid sustained development of damage. However, the influence of embedded sensors on the mechanical properties of asphalt pavement structure and the structural optimization of sensing elements need to be further studied. Based on the finite element numerical simulation method, static load model and three-point bending test mode were conducted with three "pavement-sensor" coupling model of without sensor, embedded I-shape sensor, embedded corrugated-shape sensor. Three simulated conditions were studied comparatively of the sensing element embedding effect on the mechanical response of asphalt pavement structure. Results show that the sensing elements embedded with the two structures have a certain influence on the stress and strain field of asphalt concrete. In the compression zone, the strain of the I-shape sensing element embedded is closer to that of the strain without the sensing element embedded. Along the axis of the two sensing elements, the axial strain of I-shape sensing element is smoother and uniform, which ensures the deformation coordination in the road state.
The incidence and risk factors of syndromic psychological dysfunction in family members after ICU: A System review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Cheng Zhiqiang , Zhang： Baozhen , xia jiaoyun , wang xiaoxing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective To summarize the risk factors of Post Intensive Care unit-family (PICS-F) mental dysfunction in family members, and to provide evidence for clinical medical staff to identify the risk factors of PICS-F mental dysfunction in advance. Methods Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Web of Science, China Biomedical Database (CBM), CNKI, WanFang Database and VIP database were systematically searched from database establishment to May 2022. Literature on the risk factors of PICS-F mental dysfunction was included. After screening, extraction and quality evaluation, stata17.0 and RveMan5.4 were used to conduct meta-analysis on the incidence and risk factors of PICS-F. Results a total of 10692 subjects were included in 15 literatures. The incidence of pics-f mental dysfunction was 28% (95%CI 0.22 to 0.35). Subgroup analysis showed a 30% incidence in the United States and 27% in other countries. The incidence was 26% in cohort studies, and 43% in case-control and cross-sectional studies. The incidence was 26% at 3 months and 13% at 6 months. Meta-analysis results showed patient age (OR=1.06,95%CI 1.01 to 1.10), gender of family members (OR=4.07,95%CI 2.52 to 6.60) and relationship between family members and patients (OR=2.24,95%CI 1.00 to 4.99), family history of mental illness (OR=3.77,95%CI 1.58 to 8.97), length of ICU stay (OR=4.72,95%CI 2.10 to 10.64), and severity of disease (OR=5.95,95%CI 2.09 to 16.94), death (OR=1.90,95%CI 1.31 to 2.77), family education level (OR=1.07,95%CI 1.02 to 1.12) were the influencing factors of PICS-F psychological dysfunction. It is not clear whether the mode of admission and attendance at family meetings have an effect on PICS-F mental dysfunction. Conclusion The risk factors for PICS-F mental dysfunction are young age, female family member, spouse, history of mental illness, long ICU stay, severity of illness, death and low education level of family members. Clinical medical staff should pay attention to the above risk factors and take corresponding measures to reduce the incidence of PICS-F psychological dysfunction. Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of our meta-analysis have important consequences for ICU nurse managers. Our finding of high rate of PICS-F Psychological dysfunction among ICU patients. That more attention should be devoted to develop and apply prevention programs for ICU nurses to manage this global issue.
Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy New-FP for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Major Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus
Authors: Iwamoto Hideki , Niizeki Takashi , Nagamatsu Hiroaki , Ueshima Kazuomi , Tani Joji , Kuzuya Teiji , Kasai Kazuhiro , Kooka Yohei , Hiraoka Atushi , Sugimoto Rie , Yonezawa Takehiro , Tanaka Satoshi , Deguchi Akihiro , Shimose Shigeo , Shirono Tomotake , Sakai Miwa , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Moriyama Etsuko , Koga Hironori , Torimura Takuji , Kawaguchi Takumi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background/Purpose: Although macrovascular invasion (MVI), particularly major portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), is a critical tumor condition in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), determining the optimal treatment is an unmet medical need. We aimed to compare the efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) regimens New-FP (fine-powder cisplatin/ lipiodol suspension and 5-fluorouracil) and sorafenib for MVI-HCC and major PVTT-HCC in patients with preserved liver function. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1,709 consecutively presenting patients with HCC who were initially treated with New-FP or sorafenib (March 2009 to June 2019). Overall survival and prognostic factors were assessed in both groups after propensity score matching (n=198 each). Subgroup analyses were conducted in four groups: cohort 1 (no MVI or extrahepatic spread [EHS]), cohort 2 (MVI only), cohort 3 (EHS only), and cohort 4 (MVI and EHS). Cohort 5 evaluated major PVTT (including EHS). Results: The New-FP group had a longer median survival time (MST) than the sorafenib group (New-FP, 18 months; sorafenib, nine months; p<0.0001). New-FP demonstrated a statistically longer MST compared with sorafenib in cohorts 2 and 4. In cohort 5, the MST of the New-FP group was 16 months, while that of sorafenib was six months (p<0.0001). For major PVTT-HCC, the objective response rate for New-FP was 73.0%. The MST of patients who achieved a complete response with New-FP (16.6%) was 59 months. Conclusion: New-FP showed significant efficacy for MVI-HCC, including major PVTT-HCC. Even in the era of systemic treatment, HAIC using New-FP is a promising modality for patients with advanced HCC.
Tuberculosis treatment outcomes in children and associated factors in health facilities of Shashemene town, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional study
Authors: Ayele Habtamu Molla , Teklesilasie Wondwosen , Aragaw Abebaye , Melese Daniel Molla 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: Treatment outcome results serve as a proxy of the quality of TB treatment for children In Ethiopia, data on TB treatment outcomes in children are limited. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the magnitude of tuberculosis treatment outcome in children and associated factors in health facilities of Shashemene, Southern Ethiopia Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted from February 10 to March 10, 2019 at Shashemene town, Southern Ethiopia. Using a simple random sampling method, 390 registered TB patients who had known treatment outcomes were selected from Unit TB register logbook. The data entered to Epi Info version 7, and analyzed using SPSS version 23 the characteristic and the treatment outcomes of patients’ were summarized using descriptive statistics. Significant variables at p-value < 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were entered to multivariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to find factors associated with tuberculosis treatment outcomes in children.Results: Out of 390 children, 201(51. 5%) were females, 138(35.4%) were under 5 years old, and 373(95. 6%) of them were new cases. Pulmonary smear-negative TB accounted for more than half 213(54.6%), EPTB accounted for 140(35.9%) and pulmonary smear-positive TB accounted for 37(9.5%). The overall treatment success rate was 356(91.3%). Among 390 patients, 25(6.4%) were cured, 331(84.9%) were treatment completed, 14(3.6%) were lost to follow up, 17(4.4%) were deaths, and 3(0.7%) were treatment failures. Age group 5-9 years (AOR = 0.362, 95% CI [0.138-0.950]), 10-14 years (AOR =0.354, 95% CI [0.130-0.963]), lost to follow up category of TB (AOR=8.166, 95% CI [1.437-46.410]), HIV positive sero-status (AOR =5.822, 95% CI [2.009-16.869]), and rural residence (AOR= 2.390, 95% CI [1.002-5.702] were independently associated with treatment outcomes. Conclusions: he treatment success rate was above End TB Strategy. The treatment outcome was considerably varied with age, HIV status and residence of the patient. Young children less than 5 years, HIV co-infected and those patients with rural residence needs follow up to reduce poor treatment outcomes among children.
Quantifying the Fragmentation of Polypropylene upon Exposure to Accelerated Weathering
Authors: Meides Nora , Mauel Anika , Menzel Teresa , Altstädt Volker , Ruckdäschel Holger , Senker Jürgen , Strohriegl Peter 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Polymers are omnipresent in our everyday lives. For specific applications, their properties can be extensively modified by various types of additives, e.g., processing stabilizers, antioxidants, UV-stabilizers, flame retardants, and plasticizers. While several additives are nowadays considered to be toxic or persistent in the environment, quantitative data characterizing plastic fragmentation and microplastic formation have not yet been discussed in detail. Here, we present a long-term, laboratory-controlled accelerated weathering study on polypropylene (PP) particles with and without processing stabilizers. We were able to identify the stabilizers as Irgafos® 168, and Irganox® 1010. For both PP sample sets, we monitored the degradation using a combination of various analytical methods, such as Gel Permeation Chromatography, Particle Size Distributions, Scanning Electron Microscopy, solid-state 13C Magic-Angle Spinning NMR and liquid-state 1H, 13C, 31P NMR Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. The stabilizers prevent degradation by simulated solar radiation for about 350 h. Then, degradation sets in rapidly, leading to an exponential decrease in molecular weight and particle size, accompanied by an increase in crystallinity and the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups. After 3200 h, representing approximately 2 years of outdoor weathering, both PP samples display comparable characteristics and sizes, regardless of the stabilizer initially present. During degradation, an extremely large number of 100000 daughter particles (4 µm) are formed and released from one MP particle of 192 µm diameter. Their physical properties and chemical composition have largely changed, resulting in a very low molecular weight and a hydrophilic character. These particles no longer resemble pristine PP. We thus expect them to be more prone to biodegradation compared to the starting material.
Evolutionary Analyses and Identification of Rare Pathogenic Variant in The MCPH1 BRCT3 Domain Broaden Its Role in Non-syndromic Hearing Impairment
Authors: Oluwole Oluwafemi Gabriel , James Kili , Wonkam Ambroise 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Human mouse orthologous hearing impairment genes were investigated in African patients for causal variants. A homozygous mutation in the exon 13 BRCT3 of microcephalin1 (MCPH1) gene was reported in non-syndromic hearing impairment (NSHI). The present study screened multiplex families; ninety (n=90) patients and 106 controls from Cameroon and South Africa. The estimated mode of inheritance was 34.8% autosomal recessive, 34.8% autosomal dominant, 21.74% mitochondrial, and 8.66% X-linked. Four rare missense variants and seven novel variants were identified in the candidate gene (MCPH1). The variants MCPH1 c.2222G>A p.(R741Q) (Alt Allele A=0.0000) and novel homozygous MCPH1 c.2234A>C p.(H745P) were absent in the 106 ethnically matched controls. The evolutionary analyses revealed that the MCPH1 protein evolved in 150 taxa while about 28 condensed in a phylogeny cluster that indicated similar substitution rates, divergent lengths, and positive selections, particularly in the two closest taxa to humans (chimpanzee and gorilla). The protein modelling and surface hydrophobicity analyses suggest a change in atomic charges at the helix-loop that mediates dimerization and DNA binding, such that the wildtype equilibrates at 0.072 nm while the mutant equilibrates at 0.042 nm in-silico. Our study suggests a further understanding of the roles of MCPH1 gene in NSHI using functional assays.
Honey compositional convergence and the parallel domestication of social bees
Authors: Noiset Pierre , Cabirol Nathalie , Rojas-Oropeza Marcelo , Warrit Natapot , Nkoba Kiatoko , Vereecken Nicolas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Honey collection evolved from sheer honey hunting to the parallel and independent domestication of different species of bees in various parts of the world. In this study, we investigate the extent to which the compositional convergence in Apis and stingless bee honeys has driven independently the domestication of different bee species in Mesoamerica, (Mexico) and Eurasia (Thailand) by using a sampling design that combines state-of-the-art honey profiling using H1 NMR spectroscopy with the collection of honeys from both domesticated and non-domesticated bee species. Our results show that, irrespective of the region of the world considered, domesticated stingless bees produce honey whose compositional profiles converge with those of the domesticated Apis species. Our results provide evidence for the first time that the search for natural sweeteners in the environment by our ancestors led to the parallel and independent domestication of social bees producing honeys with convergent compositional profile.
Identifying opportunities for irrigation systems to meet the specific needs of farmers in East Africa
Authors: de Zande Georgia D Van , Amrose Susan , Donlon Elliott , Shamshery Pulkit , V Amos G. Winter 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
East Africa (EA), a region facing food shortages, has very little irrigation adoption compared to the rest of the world. Increasing irrigation has been shown to increase food cultivation, so governments and private organizations have been attempting to introduce irrigation products into the EA market. Despite this support, irrigation adoption rates remain low, meaning existing solutions do not meet the needs of medium-to-small scale farmers. Meeting these needs is challenging because the types of farmers in EA are diverse, and these differences have not yet been elucidated. This study sought to do so and to understand if new opportunities exist for irrigation products targeted at this range of farmers. We first conducted an interview-based market assessment to reveal which market segments exist and what each values in an irrigation system. Then, we conducted a technical and economic feasibility analysis to reveal which irrigation methods and energy sources are most promising for each segment. Four distinct market segments were found. The traditional smallholder would most value a system that uses photovoltaic (PV) and manual irrigation. The semi-commercial smallholder’s most promising system uses PV panels and butterfly sprinklers. Both the medium-scale contract farmer and the remote farm owner would value PV panel- and drip irrigation-based systems. These identified opportunities for innovation can guide irrigation designers as they develop new systems that directly serve farmers’ needs, with the aim to increase irrigation and food security in EA.
Levels and Correlates of Risk Factor Control in Diabetes Mellitus –ELSA-Brasil
Authors: Chwal Bruna Cristine , Reis Rodrigo Citton Padilha , Schmidt Maria Inês , Duncan Bruce B. , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Griep Rosane Harter 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Control of glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol, and smoking improves the prognosis of individuals with diabetes mellitus. Our objective was to assess the level of control of these risk factors in Brazilian adults with known diabetes and evaluate correlates of target achievement.
METHODS
Cross-sectional sample of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, composed of participants reporting a previous diagnosis of diabetes or the use oof antidiabetic medication. We measured glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and LDL-cholesterol at a central laboratory and blood pressure following standardized protocols. We defined HbA1c < 7% as glucose control (target A); blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg (or < 130/80 mmHg in high cardiovascular risk) as blood pressure control (target B), and LDL-c < 100 mg/dl (or < 70 mg/dl in high risk) as lipid control (target C), according to the 2022 American Diabetes Association guidelines.
RESULTS
Among 2062 individuals with diabetes, 1364 (66.1%) reached target A, 1596 (77.4%) target B, and 1086 (52.7%) target C; only 590 (28.6%) achieved all three targets. When also considering a non-smoking target, those achieving all targets dropped to 555 (26.9%). Women (PR = 1.13; 95%CI 1.07–1.20), those aged ≥ 74 (PR = 1.20; 95%CI 1.08–1.34), and those with greater per capita income (e.g., greatest income PR = 1.26; 95%CI 1.10–1.45) were more likely to reach glucose control. Those black (PR = 0.91; 95%CI 0.83-1.00) or with a longer duration of diabetes (e.g., ≥ 10 years PR = 0.43; 95%CI 0.39–0.47) were less likely. Women (PR = 1.05; 95%CI 1.00-1.11) and those with private health insurance (PR = 1.15; 95%CI 1.07–1.23) were more likely to achieve two or more ABC targets; and those black (PR = 0.86; 95%CI 0.79–0.94) and with a longer duration of diabetes (e.g., > 10 years since diabetes diagnosis, PR = 0.68; 95%CI 0.63–0.73) less likely.
CONCLUSION
There is room for improvement in controlling these modifiable prognostic factors, especially LDL-C. Our findings reinforce the importance of social factors in determining the ABC control of diabetes.
Genetic control of resistance to drought stress in soybean
Authors: Saleem Aamir , Roldán-Ruiz Isabel , Aper Jonas , Muylle Hilde 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundDrought stress limits the production of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], which is the most grown high-value legume crop worldwide. Breeding for drought resistance is a difficult endeavor and understanding the genetic basis of drought resistance in soybean is therefore crucial for harnessing the genomic regions involved in the resistance mechanisms. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis was applied in a soybean germplasm collection (the EUCLEG collection) of 359 accessions relevant for breeding in Europe, to identify genomic regions and candidate genes involved in the response to short duration and long duration drought stress (SDS and LDS respectively) in soybean. ResultsThe phenotypic responses to drought was stronger in the long duration drought (LDS) than in the short duration drought (SDS) experiment. Over the four traits considered (canopy wilting, leaf senescence, maximum absolute growth rate and maximum plant height) the variation was in the range of 8.4-25.2% in the SDS, and 14.7-29.7% in the LDS experiments. The GWAS analysis identified a total of 17 and 22 significant marker-trait associations for four traits in the SDS and LDS experiments, respectively. In the genomic regions delimited by these markers we identified a total of 12 and 16 genes with putative functions that are of particular relevance for drought stress responses including stomatal movement, root formation, photosynthesis, ABA signaling, cellular protection and cellular repair mechanisms. Some of these genomic regions co-localized with previously known QTLs for drought resistance traits including water use efficiency, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis. ConclusionOur results indicate that the mechanism of slow wilting in the SDS might be associated with the characteristics of the root system, whereas in the LDS, slow wilting could be due to low stomatal conductance and transpiration rates enabling a high WUE. Drought-induced leaf senescence was found to be associated to ABA and ROS responses. The QTLs related to WUE contributed to growth rate and canopy height maintenance under drought stress. Co-localization of several previously known QTLs for multiple agronomic traits with the SNPs identified in this study, highlights the importance of the identified genomic regions for the improvement of agronomic performance in addition to drought resistance in the EUCLEG collection.