bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid‐phase synthesis, reaction mechanism of biomass glycerol metal chelates and its thermal stability property for polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Liu Shao‐you , Ou Li‐hui , Wang Qian , Long You , Ren Dan , Yu‐ping Zhang , De‐liang Chen , Yuan Chen , Meng‐jun Chen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo explore the simple preparation method of glycerol metal chelates and effectively expand the application field of glycerol metal chelates and biomass glycerol, the micro‐nanopowders such as glycerin zinc (Gly‐Zn), and glycerin bismuth (Gly‐Bi) were prepared by the solid‐phase reaction, using sodium benzene sulfonate as a catalyst and template. Theoretical calculation of deprotonation reaction energy of glycerol and zinc chloride, bismuth nitrate was performed with the framework of DFT, and their structures were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thermal stability of Gly‐Zn and Gly‐Bi for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is discussed by TG. The results show that the deprotonation reaction of glycerol with zinc chloride or bismuth nitrate mainly occurs in the dehydrogen of secondary hydroxyl (OsecH) and primary hydroxyl (OprimH) of glycerol molecules, and the H of OsecH is more active than that of the OprimH. The obtained Gly‐Zn and Gly‐Bi have good micromorphology with the rod‐like and bar‐like respectively. Applied them as thermal stabilizers to PVC processing, the reaction kinetic constant (k, s−1) is an order of kPVC > kPVC/Gly‐Zn > kPVC/Gly‐Bi. After the additions of 10% Gly‐Zn and 10% Gly‐Bi, the thermal stability time (min) of PVC, PVC/Gly‐Zn and PVC/Gly‐Bi is 45, 54.43 and 71.47, respectively.
Non‐Trivial Topological States in Spin‐Polarized 2D Electron Gas at EuO–KTO Interface with the Rashba Spin Texture
Authors: Kakkar Sonali , Bera Chandan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOxide heterointerfaces are gaining popularity for a variety of applications because of a wide range of emergent quantum phenomena. The creation of a highly conducting and spin‐polarized 2D electron gas (2DEG) with anomalous Hall effect at the EuO–KTaO3 (KTO) interface is reported by Zhang et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. (2018), 121, 116803). The spin‐polarized 2DEG at the interface in EuO/KTO superlattice with a comprehensive electronic structure calculation using density functional theory (DFT) is investigated. It is shown that the magnetic ordering at the interface is related to the occupation of dxy orbitals of interfacial Ta. The band‐crossing points between the majority and minority spin states open a gap when spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is turned on. The large spikes of the Berry curvature Ω(k) at the momenta of spin–orbit (SO) gaps and integral Chern number demonstrate the non‐trivial band topology. As the system remains metallic, it can display quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulating characteristics possibly via strain engineering. The spin texture of the bands with the SO gap on constant energy contour displays single spin winding of electron spin with opposite chirality. The magnetic easy axis is perpendicular to the interfacial plane. Hence, our findings suggest that EuO/KTO system has potential in low‐power quantum electronics, spintronics, and spin‐orbitronics.
Large Exchange Bias Triggered by Transition Zone of Spin Glass
Authors: Liao Xiaoqi , Wei Songrui , Wang Yu , Wang Dingchen , Wu Kewen , Liang Huawei , Yang Sen , Svedlindh Peter , Zeng Yu‐Jia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractExchange bias has increasingly practical significance in magnetoresistive and spintronic devices. However, the underlying mechanism of exchange bias in bulk compounds with the structural single‐phase and inhomogeneous magnetic phases is still elusive. Herein, based on experimental and simulation results, two important parameters are studied, i.e., the antiferromagnetic (AFM) volume fraction and the ferromagnetic (FM)/AFM interface area, which essentially determine the (spontaneous) exchange bias of Mn‐rich Ni44Co6Mn44‐xSn6+x (x = 0 ∼ 6) magnetic shape memory alloys. The substitution Sn for Mn changes magnetic ground state following the sequence of superparamagnetic/AFM → dilute spin glass/AFM → transition zone → cluster spin glass/AFM → FM, accompanying the growth of FM cluster and the weakening of AFM interactions. The results reveal that the magnetic ground state for exchange bias is optimized at transition zone between dilute spin glass/strong AFM and cluster spin glass/weak AFM, in which the optimal AFM volume fraction and FM/AFM interface area are achieved by tuning magnetic fields. A giant exchange bias field of 702.7 mT and a spontaneous exchange bias field of 318.7 mT are demonstrated. The work contributes to in‐depth understanding of (spontaneous) exchange bias in magnetically inhomogeneous compounds.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Arrays and Their Sensitivity for Detection of Genetic Changes in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Cultures
Authors: Steventon‐Jones Victoria , Stavish Dylan , Halliwell Jason A. , Baker Duncan , Barbaric Ivana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be grown in culture indefinitely, making them a valuable tool for use in basic biology, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. However, over prolonged periods in culture, hPSCs tend to acquire genomic aberrations that confer growth advantages, similar to those seen in some cancers. Monitoring the genomic stability of cultured hPSCs is critical to ensuring their efficacy and safety as a therapeutic tool. Most commonly employed methods for monitoring of hPSC genomes are cytogenetic methods, such as G‐banding. Nonetheless, such methods have limited resolution and sensitivity for detecting mosaicism. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array platforms are a potential alternative that could improve detection of abnormalities. Here, we outline protocols for SNP array whole‐genome screening of hPSCs. Moreover, we detail the procedure for assessing the SNP array's sensitivity in detecting low‐level mosaic copy‐number changes. We show that mosaicism can be confidently identified in samples only once they contain 20% variants, although samples containing 10% variants typically display enough variation to warrant further investigation and confirmation, for example by using a more sensitive targeted method. Finally, we highlight the advantages and limitations of SNP arrays, including a cost comparison of SNP arrays versus other commonly employed methods for detection of genetic changes in hPSC cultures. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: DNA sample preparation for SNP arraysBasic Protocol 2: SNP array hybridization, washing, and scanningBasic Protocol 3: SNP array data analysisSupport Protocol: Assessment of SNP array sensitivity for detection of mosaicism
Fast and Multiplexed Super Resolution Imaging of Fixed and Immunostained Cells with DNA‐PAINT‐ERS
Authors: Koester Anna M. , Szczepaniak Malwina , Nan Xiaolin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractRecent advances in super resolution microscopy have enabled imaging at the 10‐20 nm scale on a light microscope, providing unprecedented details of native biological structures and processes in intact and hydrated samples. Of the existing strategies, DNA points accumulation in imaging nanoscale topography (DNA‐PAINT) affords convenient multiplexing, an important feature in interrogating complex biological systems. A practical limitation of DNA‐PAINT, however, has been the slow imaging speed. In its original form, DNA‐PAINT imaging of each target takes tens of minutes to hours to complete. To address this challenge, several improved implementations have been introduced. These include DNA‐PAINT‐ERS (where E = ethylene carbonate; R = repeat sequence; S = spacer), a set of strategies that leads to both accelerated DNA‐PAINT imaging speed and improved image quality. With DNA‐PAINT‐ERS, imaging of typical cellular targets such as microtubules takes only 5‐10 min. Importantly, DNA‐PAINT‐ERS also facilitates multiplexing and can be easily integrated into current workflows for fluorescence staining of biological samples. Here, we provide a detailed, step‐by‐step guide for fast and multiplexed DNA‐PAINT‐ERS imaging of fixed and immunostained cells grown on glass substrates as adherent monolayers. The protocol should be readily extended to biological samples of a different format (for example tissue sections) or staining mechanisms (for example using nanobodies). © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of probes for DNA‐PAINT‐ERSBasic Protocol 2: Sample preparation for imaging membrane targets with DNA‐PAINT‐ERS in fixed cellsAlternate Protocol: Immunostaining of extracted U2OS cellsBasic Protocol 3: Super resolution image acquisition and analysis
A generalized switched‐capacitor‐based modular T‐type inverter topology with reduced switch count
Authors: Kakar Saifullah , Ayob Shahrin Md , Bin Arif M. Saad , Lee Sze Sing , Mohamad Nordin Nor Julia , Ayop Razman 
Published: November 2022

SummarySwitched‐capacitor (SC)‐based multilevel inverters (MLIs) have gained great attention in renewable energy applications owing to their self‐balancing of capacitor voltage and ac voltage boosting. Using SCMLI, single‐stage dc–ac power conversion is made possible without needing a front‐end dc–dc boost converter that improves overall system efficiency, reliability, and power density. However, in most existing SCMLIs, the discharging duration of the rear‐end SCs is much longer than its charging duration, especially when a high number of SC units are adopted. While a high number of level generation is expected to produce a better resolution ac voltage, a significant increase in capacitor's voltage ripple, in contrast, distorts the ac voltage despite using large capacitors. Recently, the switched‐capacitor modular t‐type inverter (SC‐MTI) topology resolved the problem by extending the charging period of all SCs to at least half of the fundamental switching period. However, the high switch count of SC‐MTI introduces a trade‐off in terms of efficiency and cost. In this paper, a new SCMLI topology that retains the good traits of SC‐MTI with switch count reduction is proposed. The merits and feasibility of the proposed SCMLI are verified through simulation and further validated through experimental results for seven‐level considering various operating conditions.
Resource roundup: Creating accessible marketing material
Authors: Talarico Donna 
Published: November 2022

When you're creating social media graphics, downloadable lead magnets, new academic program pages for your website, and email newsletters, are you keeping accessibility in mind? I certainly hope so. It's not only required by federal law for many colleges and universities, but it's simply the right thing to do — and will most likely lead to a better experience for all, not just for students with disabilities.
A new method employing species‐specific thresholding identifies acoustically overlapping bats
Authors: Lo Cascio Amanda , Kasel Sabine , Ford Greg 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPassive acoustic detectors are increasingly used for monitoring biodiversity, particularly for echolocating bat species (Microchiroptera). However, identification of calls collected at large scales is hindered by substantial variation within and between species, and the considerable time investment needed to manually identify acoustic data. We use acoustic data from 14 species of echolocating bats, occurring in temperate forests and woodlands of southeastern Australia to build a supervised classification model that identifies species from large acoustic datasets. Acoustic data from hand‐release (39,567) and free‐flying (8851) bat calls were used to build a predictive model, which was then validated using field‐collected calls (149,097) from the same region. We maximized the model fit per species by validating the associated confidence scores against manually identified presence and absence values. This allowed us to model the identification success of each species as a function of the confidence score. From this relationship, we set specific thresholds for accepting species identification, enabling more accurate classification of calls and identification of multiple bat species within a single acoustic recording. Including calls from manually identified free‐flying bats improved overall identification accuracy, including a 60% improvement for bats that navigate in open spaces. Assigning species‐specific thresholds achieved substantial improvements in overall model confidence, with functionally meaningful changes in the identification of species exhibiting considerable acoustic overlap in time and frequency measures. Research into the ecological requirements of species is hampered by problems with identification. Our research illustrates that internal train–test validation overestimates model accuracy particularly for species that were in low abundance or for uncommon species, which are acoustically similar to more common ones. Recognizing this, we set specific thresholds per species below which identifications were not accepted. Our method is particularly relevant in locations with high overlap in species' call parameters, which can result in false negatives in preference for species that are easier to identify because of the common practice of assigning one species per acoustic recording. This research proposes a cautious method to substantially reduce the burden of manual identification of large acoustic datasets.
A framework for conceptualising early intervention for eating disorders
Authors: Allen Karina L. , Mountford Victoria A. , Elwyn Rosiel , Flynn Michaela , Fursland Anthea , Obeid Nicole , Partida Georgina , Richards Katie , Schmidt Ulrike , Serpell Lucy , Silverstein Scout , Wade Tracey 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis paper outlines the evidence base for early intervention for eating disorders; provides a global overview of how early intervention for eating disorders is provided in different regions and settings; and proposes policy, service, clinician and research recommendations to progress early intervention for eating disorders.Method and ResultsCurrently, access to eating disorder treatment often takes many years or does not occur at all. This is despite neurobiological, clinical and socioeconomic evidence showing that early intervention may improve outcomes and facilitate full sustained recovery from an eating disorder. There is also considerable variation worldwide in how eating disorder care is provided, with marked inequalities in treatment provision. Despite these barriers, there are existing evidence‐based approaches to early intervention for eating disorders and progress is being made in scaling these.ConclusionsWe propose action steps for the field that will transform eating disorder service provision and facilitate early detection, treatment and recovery for everyone affected by eating disorders, regardless of age, socioeconomic status and personal characteristics.
Predictors of efficacy for cervical ripening among the Bishop score criteria in nulliparous women at term
Authors: Ducarme Guillaume , Berthommier Laura , Planche Lucie 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine predictors of efficacy for cervical ripening among the Bishop score criteria in nulliparous women at term.MethodProspective observational study of nulliparous women with singleton term fetuses in vertex presentation, intact membranes, and an unfavorable cervix (Bishop score < 6) who underwent cervical ripening with a cervical‐ripening balloon (CRB; n = 47) or dinoprostone vaginal insert (PG; n = 28). The authors analyzed Bishop score criteria (dilatation, effacement, fetal station, consistency, position) before and after device removal. Primary outcome was favorable cervix (Bishop score ≥ 6) after device removal. Secondary outcomes were vaginal delivery, modification of Bishop score criteria, and perinatal morbidity.ResultsRates of favorable cervix after cervical ripening were similar between groups (66.7% with CRB vs. 59.3% with PG; P = 0.526). Vaginal delivery (76.6% vs. 78.6%; P = 0.843) and perinatal morbidity did not differ between groups. CRB appeared to be more effective than PG in increasing consistency (+0.7 ± 0.2 vs. +0.3 ± 0.2; P = 0.001) and dilatation of the cervix (+1.3 ± 0.3 vs. +0.9 ± 0.3; P = 0.005). No Bishop score criterion was found as a significant predictor for vaginal delivery.ConclusionCRB seems to be more effective than PG in increasing the consistency and dilatation of the cervix. Efficacy of CRB and PG for vaginal delivery was similar.
The roles and mechanisms of circular RNAs related to mTOR in cancers
Authors: Cao Chunli , Wang Yao , Wu Xinxin , Li Zhe , Guo Junming , Sun Weiliang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable molecules with covalently closed structures that have an irreplaceable role in the occurrence, progression, and even treatment of plenty of cancers. Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator in cancers and plays several biological functions, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, autophagy, and apoptosis.MethodsAll data were collected through PubMed and CNKI, using terms including “circRNA,” “mTOR,” “caner,” “signaling pathway,” “biomarker,” “diagnosis,” “treatment.” Articles published in Chinese and English were included.ResultsIn this review, the expression, function, and mechanism of circRNA‐associated mTOR in cancers were described. CircRNA‐associated‐mTOR can regulate the progression and therapy of a variety of cancers in multiple signaling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mTOR, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/mTOR, and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR axis. These cancers including esophageal carcinoma (circLPAR3, ciRS‐7), gastric cancer (circNRIP1, hsa_circ_0010882, hsa_circ_0000117, hsa_circ_0072309, and circST3GAL6), colorectal cancer (hsa_circ_0000392, hsa_circ_0084927, hsa_circ_0104631, and circFBXW7), liver cancer (circC16orf62, hsa_circ_100338, hsa_circ_0004001, hsa_circ_0004123, hsa_circ_0075792, hsa_circ_0079299, and hsa_circ_0002130), pancreatic cancer (circ‐IARS and circRHOBTB3), renal carcinoma (ciRS‐7), bladder cancer (circUBE2K), prostate cancer (circMBOAT2 and circ‐ITCH), ovarian cancer (circEEF2, circRAB11FIP1, circMYLK, and circTPCN), endometrial cancer (hsa_circ_0002577 and circWHSC1), lung cancer (circHIPK3, hsa_circ_0001666), thyroid cancer (hsa_circ_0007694 and hsa_circ_0008274), glioma (circGFRA1, circ‐MAPK4, circPCMTD1, and hsa_circ_0037251), osteosarcoma (circTCF25), leukemia (circ‐PRKDC), and breast cancer (hsa_circ_0000199, circUBAP2, and circWHSC1).
1,8‐diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecano‐7‐ene functionalized ionic liquids for extractive desulfurization of fuels
Authors: Zhao Pingping , Wang Xiaoxin , Wang Qiang , Zhang Lianzheng , Xu Dongmei , Gao Jun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith strict regulations on environmental protection, the removal of sulfur compounds from fuels has become increasingly urgent by extraction desulfurization technology.RESULTSA series of ionic liquid (IL) extractants for the removal of sulfides [benzothiophene (BT), thiophene (TH) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model oil] was developed. The ILs with functionalized 1,8‐diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecano‐7‐ene (DBU) cations and large volume difluoromethane sulfonimide (NTf2) anion as raw materials were synthesized. The performance of the ILs was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis and nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectroscopy (1H‐NMR) and other methods. Maximum removal efficiencies of 65.08% TH, 83.02% BT and 89.72% DBT were achieved in the presence of [CoDBU][NTf2] with functionalized carboxylation groups. In addition extractive desulfurization (EDS) was studied by tailoring the acid–base functional groups and viscosity of ILs. FTIR and the analysis of interaction energies were adopted to explore the interaction of ILs and sulfides. This indicated that the cooperative effects of hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction and π‐π interaction between sulfides and ILs were closely related to the high removal efficiencies of sulfides.CONCLUSIONSThe experimental results show that [CoDBU][NTf2] with functional carboxyl group is a clean and efficient extractant suitable for removing thiophene sulfides from model fuel oil. This work provides a reference process for the desulfurization of fuel oil in industry. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
What is this bump in my neck? Ultrasonographic evaluation of pediatric neck masses
Authors: Shadmani Ghazal , Don Steven 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNeck masses are common in pediatric patients, with benign etiologies such as congenital or inflammatory lesions accounting most of these masses. Anatomic location (most important), clinical history, and the appearance in ultrasonography (US) are helpful clues to narrow down differential diagnosis. Because of widespread availability, lack of ionizing radiation, and no need for sedation or contrast administration, US is the preferred initial modality for the evaluation. Further evaluation with cross‐sectional imagings is needed for more extensive lesions with trans‐spatial extension or suspicion of intrathoracic or retropharyngeal extension. This review will focus on US appearance and clinical presentation of masses of the neck in children, to enable radiologist to arrive at a reasonable differential diagnosis. We also briefly discuss more complex pathologies that need to be evaluated with cross‐sectional modalities such as CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging.
New validation of a well‐known marker in cochlear implant infections: A retrospective, case‐controlled, observational study
Authors: Onal Merih , Colpan Keles Bahar , Ulusoy Bulent , Onal Ozkan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesCochlear implant (CI) infection is the most common complication after CI surgery. We investigated whether the preoperative neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values could predict the CI infection and the NLR and PLR values obtained at the first admission to the hospital with an CI infection could help the clinician in the diagnosis.MethodsThis retrospective case‐controlled study included 26 patients with postsurgical CI infection. To prevent age‐related incompatibility in the blood analysis of the infected group, the patients were divided into three age groups: 0–4 years, 5–18 years, and over 18 years old. To compare the infected group, 29 patients who did not have implant infection after CI surgery and whose age ranges were compatible with the infected group were randomly selected from the hospital records as the control group. The infected group preimplantation (PREs) and postinfection (POSTi) NLR and PLR values were compared with each other and the control group values. The area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff values were calculated by ROC analysis.ResultsThe POSTi NLR values of the infected group patients aged 0–4 years and over 18 years were significantly greater than the PREs NLR values (p = .038 and p = .008, respectively). Significant differences were found between the POSTi NLR values of the infected group patients aged 0–4 years and over 18 years and those of PREs in the control group (p = .011 and p = .015, respectively).ConclusionsPreoperative NLR and PLR values cannot predict postoperative CI infection. However, NLR and PLR values increased significantly after CI infection, even if systemic symptoms did not occur. At the first admission to the hospital, NLR values can guide the clinician in diagnosing the CI infection in patients between 0 and 4 years and over 18 years.Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT04120181.