bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional differences in the response of California’s rangeland production to climate and future projection
Authors: Liu Han , Jin Yufang , Roche Leslie M , O’Geen Anthony T , Dahlgren Randy A 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Rangelands support many important ecosystem services and are highly sensitive to climate change. Understanding temporal dynamics in rangeland gross primary production (GPP) and how it may change under projected future climate, including more frequent and severe droughts, is critical for ranching communities to cope with future changes. Herein, we examined how climate regulates the interannual variability of GPP in California’s diverse annual rangeland, based on the contemporary records of satellite derived GPP at 500 m resolution since 2001. We built Gradient Boosted Regression Tree models for 23 ecoregion subsections, relating annual GPP with 30 climatic variables, to disentangle the partial dependence of GPP on each climate variable. The machine learning results showed that GPP was most sensitive to growing season (GS) precipitation, with a reduction in GPP up to 200 g cm−2 yr−1 when GS precipitation decreased from 400 to 100 mm yr−1 in one of the driest subsections. We also found that years with more evenly distributed GS precipitation had higher GPP. Warmer winter minimum air temperature enhanced GPP in approximately two-thirds of the subsections. In contrast, average GS air temperatures showed a negative relationship with annual GPP. When the pre-trained models were forced by downscaled future climate projections, changes in the predicted rangeland productivity by mid- and end of century were more remarkable at the ecoregion subsection scale than at the state level. Our machine learning-based analysis highlights key regional differences in GPP vulnerability to climate and provides insights on the intertwining and potentially counteracting effects of seasonal temperature and precipitation regimes. This work demonstrates the potential of using remote sensing to enhance field-based rangeland monitoring and, combined with machine learning, to inform adaptive management and conservation within the context of weather extremes and climate change.
Empirical evidence for multidecadal scale global atmospheric electric circuit modulation by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation
Authors: Harrison R Giles , Nicoll Keri A , Joshi Manoj , Hawkins Ed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modifies precipitation patterns across the planet. Charge separation in disturbed weather and thunderstorms drives the global atmospheric electric circuit (GEC), hence ENSO-induced precipitation changes are anticipated to affect the global circuit. By analysing historical atmospheric electricity data using a new data processing procedure based on the Carnegie curve, signals correlated with ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are revealed. These demonstrate a persistent ENSO-GEC relationship for the majority of the twentieth century, in potential gradient data from Lerwick, Shetland and Watheroo, W. Australia. The recovered data is weighted towards the first half of the UTC day, giving a GEC sensitivity up to ∼5% °C−1 of SST anomaly in the Niño 3.4 and 4 regions of the Pacific Ocean. Transferring ENSO variability by electrical means represents an unexplored teleconnection, for example, through proposed GEC effects on stratiform cloud microphysics. The strong ENSO-GEC relationship also provides a quality test for historical atmospheric electricity data, and encourages their use in reducing SST reconstruction uncertainties.
Characterization of the elemental and particle load of patient exhaled breath condensate and comparison with pulmonary lavages
Authors: Marie-Desvergne Caroline , Dubosson Muriel , Leclerc Lara , Campo Catherine , Bitounis Dimitrios , Forest Valérie , Pourchez Jérémie , Cottier Michèle , Vergnon Jean-Michel , Tarantini Adeline , Chamel-Mossuz Véronique 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the field of biomonitoring, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is described as a potentially useful matrix for assessing inhalation exposure biomarkers in a non-invasive way. However, it is still unclear to what extent EBC is representative of the deep lung. To address this knowledge gap, EBC, bronchial washes (BWs), and bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) were collected from 82 patients suffering from interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). The particulate contents and elemental composition of EBC, BW, and BAL were then compared in the same patients. The size distribution of particles in EBC was assessed with dynamic light scattering while inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to quantify its elemental composition. In addition, transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry were used to further characterize samples of interest. EBC was found to be representative of both the sub-micron and nano-sized particle fractions of BAL and BW, with lower overall levels of elements in EBC than in BW and BAL. Silicon (Si) was the main component for all respiratory matrices with median levels of 2525 µg l−1, 5643 µg l−1 and 5169 µg l−1 in the nano/ion fractions of EBC, BAL and BW, respectively. Moreover, Si levels in EBC from patients in this study were elevated compared to the levels reported in the literature for healthy subjects. Interestingly, Si levels in the EBC of ILD patients were inversely related to those in BAL and BW. In conclusion, the particulate content of EBC is associated with the lung particle burden and potentially correlates with pathologies, rendering it a relevant biomonitoring technique for the occupational and clinical fields.
Determination of Stokes fluctuations and Stokes scintillations for an electromagnetic beam
Authors: Singh Hemant Kumar , Arya Gaytri , Kanseri Bhaskar 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this article, we report the experimental determination of Stokes fluctuations and Stokes scintillations for a generalized electromagnetic Gaussian–Schell model (EMGSM) beam. We have used an experimental scheme comprising three different interferometers which are aimed to tailor the correlation between orthogonal field components, synthesis of the generalized EMGSM beam, and observation of the spatial features of the light beam in the far zone. Stokes fluctuations matrix elements are measured for a partially polarized and unpolarized light beam. The weight value of the matrix elements is found to be dependent on the correlation strength parameter (

|

B

x
y

|

) of the source. Experimental results for Stokes scintillations are also determined which depend drastically on the modulus value of B

xy
. For asymmetrical coherence widths, variation in the Stokes scintillations is discerned across the beam diameter. The obtained results show a reasonable match with the theoretically expected values. The study reveals the source properties which can find applications in the areas of optical imaging, optical communication, etc.
A novel testing and theoretical approach for air-source heat-pump water heater with flash tank vapor-injection
Authors: Xianglong Liu , Guang Hu , Zhi Zeng , Ping Wang , Liping Zeng , Xiaohua Li 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Air-source heat-pump (ASHP) water heater provides an important low-carbon solution for domestic water heating, which regains interest in the context of pursuing global carbon neutrality. In this study, a novel testing and theoretical approach is proposed for ASHP water heater with flash tank vapor-injection by retrofitting the testing methods of state points. Five flash tank vapor-injections with different temperature levels are tested and verified the testing method for ASHP water heater. On basis of the tested compressor suction temperature, exhaust temperature, electronic expansion valve pre-throttle temperature, electronic expansion valve throttling temperature and vapor-injection temperature, a thermodynamic analysis is conducted to determine the system performances. The relationship between the vapor-injection pressure ratio, system heating capacity and COP is identified by adjusting the expansion valve opening degree of the system. The results show that the COP of the system firstly decreases and subsequently increases with the increase in vapor-injection pressure ratio, and the minimum COP appears when the vapor-injection pressure ratio is 0.3. This study provides new insights into the advanced ASHP water heater.
Training neural networks using Metropolis Monte Carlo and an adaptive variant
Authors: Whitelam Stephen , Selin Viktor , Benlolo Ian , Casert Corneel , Tamblyn Isaac 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We examine the zero-temperature Metropolis Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm as a tool for training a neural network by minimizing a loss function. We find that, as expected on theoretical grounds and shown empirically by other authors, Metropolis MC can train a neural net with an accuracy comparable to that of gradient descent (GD), if not necessarily as quickly. The Metropolis algorithm does not fail automatically when the number of parameters of a neural network is large. It can fail when a neural network’s structure or neuron activations are strongly heterogenous, and we introduce an adaptive Monte Carlo algorithm (aMC) to overcome these limitations. The intrinsic stochasticity and numerical stability of the MC method allow aMC to train deep neural networks and recurrent neural networks in which the gradient is too small or too large to allow training by GD. MC methods offer a complement to gradient-based methods for training neural networks, allowing access to a distinct set of network architectures and principles.
Decolonizing Renaissance Humanism
Authors: McManus Stuart Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article traces the origins of the Eurocentric vision of Renaissance humanism and shows that in fact the revival of letters in thirteenth-century Italy had a much wider impact than traditionally thought. This “decolonized” vision of Renaissance humanism is centered on three trends: imperial humanism (humanist ideas of empire, both within and beyond the metropole), Indo-humanism (syncretic humanisms, especially in Asia and the Americas), and post-humanism (the movement’s long shadow into the eighteenth century). When placed in this new light, Renaissance humanism emerges as neither purely graciously cosmopolitan and proto-liberal, nor chauvinistically imperialist and statist, although it was very frequently embedded in imperial and evangelization projects. Rather, at a fundamental level it represented a toolbox of ideas and scholarly techniques that could be put to differing ends depending on the circumstances, while retaining certain common features that endured well into the age of “Enlightenment.” In making its argument about the past, present, and future of the scholarship on Renaissance humanism, this article also relies on a large corpus of little-known texts in various languages by a host of non- and extra-European humanists
The Limits of Brotherhood
Authors: Preston Andrew 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Historians now recognize the political significance the Protestant ecumenical movement of the early twentieth century. American ecumenists contributed to the architecture of international organization and were among the first to promote a global discourse of human rights, and ecumenical plans for world order were designed for the peaceful spread of national self-determination and to combat racial prejudice. Ecumenical missionaries were at the forefront in reconceiving race relations, globally as well as in the United States. But the overriding ecumenical concern was the creep of secularism, which, despite their modernism and liberalism, ecumenists saw as the root of all evil. In 1945, when forced to choose between their vision of world peace as secured through international organization and their desire for racial equality, ecumenists sacrificed the latter so as to protect religious liberty and advance the Protestant interest. Ironically, despite their longstanding criticisms, ecumenists had to accept the dictates of national sovereignty for the sake of religious universalism. The contours of the liberal international system that resulted from this compromise remain to this day. In addition to primary-source research, this article is based on a synthesis of a tsunami of recent secondary literature on liberal Protestant internationalism.
The Mouth as a Site of Compound Injustices: A Structural Intersectionality Approach to the Oral Health of Working-Age US Adults
Authors: Bastos João L , Constante Helena M , Schuch Helena S , Haag Dandara G , Jamieson Lisa M 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Knowledge of and practice around health inequities have been limited by scarce investigations on intersecting forms of structural oppression, including the extent to which their effects are more severe among multiply marginalized groups. We addressed these insufficiencies by adopting a structural intersectionality approach to the study of edentulism (i.e., complete tooth loss), the dental equivalent of mortality. While individual information was gathered from approximately 200,000 adult (ages 18–64 years) respondents to the 2010 US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, state-level data for 2000 and 2010 were obtained from a 2021 study by Homan et al. (J Health Soc Behav. 2021;62(3):350–370) and the US Census. These 3 sources provided information on edentulism, race, sex, structural racism, structural sexism, and income inequality, in addition to multiple covariates. Analyses showed that the intersections between structural sexism and state-level income inequality and structural racism were associated with 1.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.1, 1.9) and 1.5 (95% confidence interval: 1.1, 2.2) times’ increased odds of complete tooth loss, respectively. The frequency of edentulism was highest among non-Hispanic Black men residing in states with high structural racism, high structural sexism, and high economic inequality. Based on these and other findings, we highlight the importance of a structural intersectionality approach to research and policy related to health inequities in the United States and elsewhere.
Ambulatory care pharmacy practice: Findings from the 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Survey
Authors: K Bakken Brianne , Bozymski Kevin M , Foster Brooke , Blaeser Sean D , Mott David A , Doucette William R , Witry Matthew J , Arya Vibhuti , Gaither Caroline A , Kreling David H , Schommer Jon C 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to describe the demographics, training, clinical specialties, and practice activities of ambulatory care pharmacists using data from the 2019 National Pharmacist Workforce Study (NPWS).SummaryThe 2019 NPWS was conducted using a 3-contact electronic survey sent to a random sample of 94,803 pharmacists using the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy Foundation e-Profile system. The 2019 NPWS had a response rate of 67.3% (5,705/8,466), based on the number of prospective respondents who clicked the survey link. A subset of pharmacists’ responses (n = 4,557) was used for this analysis, which included those who selected an employment status of “practicing as a pharmacist.” Of the 4,557 actively practicing pharmacists responding, 338 (8.0%) reported working in the ambulatory care setting. Ambulatory care pharmacists were predominately White (71.6%), women (67.5%), and/or between the ages of 31 and 40 years (36.9%). A total of 41.3% had completed PGY1 residency training, 14% had completed PGY2 residency training, and 29.3% had completed one or more board certifications. Their most common clinical specialty areas were anticoagulation (21.7%), endocrinology (19.7%), hematology/oncology (16.2%), and primary care (16.2%). A total of 49.6% reported using a collaborative practice agreement.ConclusionAmbulatory care pharmacists reported more training and certifications than the overall sample of pharmacists. These pharmacists practiced in a variety of clinical specialty areas and engaged in a range of in-person and telecommunication medication management activities. This study provides a baseline assessment of the ambulatory care pharmacist workforce that can be used to assess changes over time.
Homozygous COQ7 mutation: a new cause of potentially treatable distal hereditary motor neuropathy
Authors: Jacquier Arnaud , Theuriet Julian , Fontaine Fanny , Mosbach Valentine , Lacoste Nicolas , Ribault Shams , Risson Valérie , Carras Julien , Coudert Laurent , Simonet Thomas , Latour Philippe , Stojkovic Tanya , Piard Juliette , Cosson Anne , Lesca Gaëtan , Bouhour Françoise , Allouche Stéphane , Puccio Hélène , Pegat Antoine , Schaeffer Laurent 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Distal hereditary motor neuropathy represents a group of motor inherited neuropathies leading to distal weakness. We report a family of two brothers and a sister affected by distal hereditary motor neuropathy in whom a homozygous variant c.3G&gt;T (p.1Met?) was identified in the COQ7 gene. This gene encodes a protein required for coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis, a component of the respiratory chain in mitochondria. Mutations of COQ7 were previously associated with severe multi-organ disorders characterized by early childhood onset and developmental delay.
Using patient blood samples and fibroblasts derived from a skin biopsy, we investigated the pathogenicity of the variant of unknown significance c.3G&gt;T (p.1Met?) in the COQ7 gene and the effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation in vitro.
We showed that this variation leads to a severe decrease in COQ7 protein levels in the patient’s fibroblasts, resulting in a decrease in coenzyme Q10 production and in the accumulation of 6-demethoxycoenzyme Q10, the COQ7 substrate. Interestingly, such accumulation was also found in the patient’s plasma. Normal coenzyme Q10 and 6-demethoxycoenzyme Q10 levels were restored in vitro by using the coenzyme Q10 precursor 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, thus bypassing the COQ7 requirement. Coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis deficiency is known to impair the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Seahorse experiments showed that the patient’s cells mainly rely on glycolysis to maintain sufficient ATP production. Consistently, the replacement of glucose by galactose in the culture medium of these cells reduced their proliferation rate. Interestingly, normal proliferation was restored by coenzyme Q10 supplementation of the culture medium, suggesting a therapeutic avenue for these patients.
Altogether, we have identified the first example of recessive distal hereditary motor neuropathy caused by a homozygous variation in the COQ7 gene, which should thus be included in the gene panels used to diagnose peripheral inherited neuropathies. Furthermore, 6-demethoxycoenzyme Q10 accumulation in the blood can be used to confirm the pathogenic nature of the mutation. Finally, supplementation with coenzyme Q10 or derivatives should be considered to prevent the progression of COQ7-related peripheral inherited neuropathy in diagnosed patients.
Nurses as adverse drug reaction reporting advocates
Authors: Schjøtt Jan , Pettersen Trond R , Andreassen Lillan Mo , Bjånes Tormod K 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is a challenge in modern healthcare, particularly given the increasing complexity of drug therapy, an ageing population, rising multimorbidity, and a high patient turnover. The core activity of detecting potential ADRs over the last half century has been spontaneous reporting systems. A recent Norwegian regulation commits healthcare professionals other than physicians and dentists to report serious ADRs. In this discussion paper, we share our preliminary experience with a training programme using nurses as ADR advocates to stimulate ADR reporting among the clinical staff in a hospital department.
Joint Analysis of Phenotypic and Genomic Diversity Sheds Light on the Evolution of Xenobiotic Metabolism in Humans
Authors: Mouterde Médéric , Daali Youssef , Rollason Victoria , Čížková Martina , Mulugeta Anwar , Al Balushi Khalid A , Fakis Giannoulis , Constantinidis Theodoros C , Al-Thihli Khalid , Černá Marie , Makonnen Eyasu , Boukouvala Sotiria , Al-Yahyaee Said , Yimer Getnet , Černý Viktor , Desmeules Jules , Poloni Estella S 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Variation in genes involved in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs (ADME) can influence individual response to a therapeutic treatment. The study of ADME genetic diversity in human populations has led to evolutionary hypotheses of adaptation to distinct chemical environments. Population differentiation in measured drug metabolism phenotypes is, however, scarcely documented, often indirectly estimated via genotype-predicted phenotypes. We administered seven probe compounds devised to target six cytochrome P450 enzymes and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity to assess phenotypic variation in four populations along a latitudinal transect spanning over Africa, the Middle East, and Europe (349 healthy Ethiopian, Omani, Greek, and Czech volunteers). We demonstrate significant population differentiation for all phenotypes except the one measuring CYP2D6 activity. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) evidenced that the variability of phenotypes measuring CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 activity was associated with genetic variants linked to the corresponding encoding genes, and additional genes for the latter three. Instead, GWAS did not indicate any association between genetic diversity and the phenotypes measuring CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and P-gp activity. Genome scans of selection highlighted multiple candidate regions, a few of which included ADME genes, but none overlapped with the GWAS candidates. Our results suggest that different mechanisms have been shaping the evolution of these phenotypes, including phenotypic plasticity, and possibly some form of balancing selection. We discuss how these contrasting results highlight the diverse evolutionary trajectories of ADME genes and proteins, consistent with the wide spectrum of both endogenous and exogenous molecules that are their substrates.