bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy outcomes in patients with congenital myasthenic syndromes
Authors: O'Connell Karen , Rooney Tatiana , Alabaf Setareh , Ramdas Sithara , Beeson David , Palace Jacqueline 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders that affect neuromuscular junction transmission. Data on pregnancy outcomes in women with CMS are limited due to their infrequency. In this study we explored pregnancy with CMS in a large cohort of women attending a national specialty clinic in England.MethodsAll women with CMS who had a documented pregnancy were invited to complete a questionnaire assessing clinical status during pregnancy and postpartum, pregnancy outcomes, fetal outcomes, and medication use during pregnancy.ResultsAmong 16 women with CMS (acetylcholine receptor deficiency [CHRNE], slow channel syndrome [CHRNA1], DOK7, RAPSYN and glycosylation [DPAGT1 and GFPT1]), 27 pregnancies were recorded: 26 single pregnancies and 1 twin pregnancy. Symptom worsening was reported in 63% of pregnancies, but recovery to baseline function was seen in all but one patient. Miscarriage and cesarean section occurred in 31% and 33% of the women, respectively. Over half of the patients continued taking their medication during pregnancy, which included pyridostigmine (n = 10), 3,4‐diaminopyridine (n = 9), ephedrine (n = 3), salbutamol (n = 3), and quinidine (n = 1). No fetal malformations were recorded.DiscussionOur results show that clinical worsening during pregnancy was common but rarely persistent. The majority of women with CMS can safely plan pregnancy, but close follow‐up is required from their neurology and obstetric teams. Although we identified no safety concerns, continued medication use should be reviewed on a case‐by‐case basis.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis of single‐system multifocal bone, including the mandible, in a 22‐month‐old child: A case report
Authors: Sakai Kiyoshi , Yamamoto Noriyuki , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Okabe Kazuto , Koma Yoshiro , Hibi Hideharu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease in which antigen‐presenting Langerhans cells proliferate abnormally.Case PresentationWe report a case of a 22‐month‐old boy who presented with left cheek swelling. A palpable bony bulge was noted at the left mandibular angle and a malignant tumor was suspected. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an area of bone resorption from the left mandibular angle to the mandibular branch. Positron emission tomography (PET)‐CT revealed accumulation in the left mandible, left femoral diaphysis, and L1 vertebra. The patient was diagnosed with multiple‐bone LCH and underwent chemotherapy.ConclusionFour years after treatment, the patient is doing well and has no recurrence.
Objectively measured physical activity among treatment seeking children and adolescents with severe obesity and normal weight peers
Authors: Danielsen Yngvild S. , Skjåkødegård Hanna F. , Mongstad Marit , Hystad Sigurd W. , Olsson Sven J. G. , Kleppe Malin , Juliusson Petur B. , Frisk Bente 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundTreatment seeking children and adolescents with severe obesity often experience barriers to physical activity. Studies objectively measuring physical activity in this group and investigating explanatory factors for physical activity levels could inform clinical practice.ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare objectively measured physical activity levels among treatment seeking children and adolescents with severe obesity and normal weight peers, and to investigate explanatory factors for time spent in moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity among children and adolescents with severe obesity.MethodsChildren with severe obesity (n = 85) were matched 1:1 by age, gender, and the season for accelerometer measurements with normal weight peers (n = 85). Children wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days, yielding measures of physical activity, sleep duration and timing. Parents reported on screen time, parental body mass index and participation in organized sports.ResultsChildren and adolescents with severe obesity spent significantly less time in moderate physical activity (12 min, p < 0.001) and vigorous physical activity (21 min, p < 0.001) per day compared to normal weight peers. No difference for time spent in sedentary activity was found between groups. For participants with severe obesity, age ≤12 years (p = 0.009) and participation in organized sports (p = 0.023) were related to more moderate physical activity, while age ≤12 years (p = 0.038) and early sleep timing (p = 0.019) were related to more vigorous physical activity.ConclusionChildren and adolescents with severe obesity were less physically active than their normal weight peers. Factors related to more moderate and vigorous physical activity in children with severe obesity were lower age, participation in organized sports and earlier sleep timing.
The role of demonstration projects as policy instruments in the development of nonprofit organizations: Beyond instrumentality
Authors: Liu Zejin , Van de Walle Steven 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDemonstration projects have been widely used to demonstrate new technologies and practices to stimulate broader deployment and implementation. Apart from this technical and explicit function, demonstration projects also serve social and implicit functions that have received limited attention. This study examines the ways in which demonstration projects are drawn upon as policy instruments. Building on the political sociology approach to policy instruments, this study employs a qualitative case study design to investigate the roles of 2989 centrally funded demonstration projects in the Chinese nonprofit area. The results reveal that demonstration projects can be used not only in a technical sense for effectively addressing public problems but also in a social sense as an opportunity for justifying public action and power within a particular area in the name of public values.
EndoBarrier treatment for longstanding type 2 diabetes and obesity: outcomes one year after EndoBarrier in 90 consecutively treated patients
Authors: Ryder Robert EJ , Yadagiri Mahi , Burbridge Wyn , Irwin Susan P , Gandhi Hardeep , Bashir Tahira , Allden Rachael A , Wyres Melanie , Cull Melissa , Bleasdale John P , Fogden Edward N , Anderson Mark R , Gupta Piya Sen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAims: EndoBarrier is a 60cm duodenal–jejunal bypass liner endoscopically implanted for up to one year and designed to mimic the by‐pass part of Roux‐en‐Y bariatric surgery. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of EndoBarrier in patients with suboptimally‐controlled diabesity.Methods: Between July 2013 and November 2017 we implanted 90 EndoBarriers in a single centre with all removed by November 2018. Outcomes were monitored in a registry.Results: All 90 patients have completed one‐year post EndoBarrier removal and, of these, 71/90 (79%) – age 51.3 ± 8.6 years, 46% male, 52% White ethnicity, diabetes duration 13.0 (7.0–17.0) years, 59% insulin‐treated, BMI 41.1 ± 6.5kg/m2) – attended follow‐up and 19/90 (21%) did not attend follow‐up. During EndoBarrier implantation, mean ± SD HbA1c fell by 19.5 ± 18.4mmol/mol from 78.1 ± 18.9 to 58.6 ± 13.6mmol/mol (p < 0.001), weight by 15.9 ± 8.6kg from 118.4 ± 27.0 to 102.4 ± 27.7kg (p < 0.001), systolic BP from 139.0 ± 15.0mmHg to 126.6 ± 17.6mmHg (p < 0.001), cholesterol from 4.8 ± 1.2 to 4.0 ± 1.0mmol/L (p < 0.001), and serum alanine‐aminotransferase (marker of liver fat) from 31.0 ± 16.5 to 19.8 ± 11.5U/L (p < 0.001). Median (IQR) total daily insulin dose reduced from 98 (53–163) to 30 (0–63) units (p < 0.001). Eleven of 42 (26.2%) insulin treated patients discontinued insulin. One year post‐EndoBarrier 32/71 (45%) demonstrated fully‐sustained improvement, 25/71 (35%) partially‐sustained improvement and 14/71 (20%) reverted to baseline. Of those deteriorating, 10/14 (71%) had depression and/or bereavement. Thirteen of 90 (14%) patients required early EndoBarrier removal: five for gastrointestinal haemorrhage, two for liver abscess, one for non‐hepatic intra‐abdominal abscess, and five for gastrointestinal symptoms. All made a full recovery.Conclusion: Our data demonstrate EndoBarrier as highly effective in patients with refractory diabesity, with maintenance of significant improvement one year after removal in 80% of cases. As it requires only an endoscopic procedure, EndoBarrier treatment is relatively simple and non‐invasive and it deserves further investigation. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons.
Reduced risk of NSAID‐Induced adverse events with concomitant use of misoprostol (MICRO study)
Authors: Munger Mark A. , Nelson Scott D. , Teng Chia‐Chen , Cheung Alfred K. , Sauer Brian C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most frequently used medications for pain, even though they increase the risk for adverse cardiovascular events.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal event rates between NSAIDs versus NSAIDs plus misoprostol.MethodsA population‐based historical cohort of U.S. veterans receiving prescription NSAIDs (1,681,609) versus NSAIDs plus misoprostol (5972 misoprostol users) was followed for 5 years. In an intent‐to‐treat analysis, NSAID and NSAID plus misoprostol groups were compared using propensity score‐weighted Poisson regression models to estimate incident rate ratio (IRR) and Cox regression to estimate hazard ratio (HR).ResultsThe most prescribed NSAIDs were diclofenac and ibuprofen. The mean follow‐up was 35.2 ± 14.5 months. There were 439 total cardio‐renal events (5.62/1000 patient‐months) in the NSAID group and 419 patients (5.01/1000 patient‐months) in the NSAID plus misoprostol group (Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–1.019; p = 0.09). The risk of cardiovascular event was lower in the NSAID plus misoprostol group (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34–0.93; p < 0.0001). Cerebrovascular event rates were lower in the NSAID plus misoprostol group (HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.60–0.94, p < 0.0001) and for renal (HR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.49–0.89, p < 0.0001) events. All‐cause mortality rate was not different between the two groups (HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.88–1.25, p = 0.61).ConclusionCompared with NSAID use alone, the concomitant use of NSAID plus misoprostol is associated with a reduced risk of NSAID‐induced cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal adverse events. These data support the development of a safer NSAID when combined with misoprostol.
Measurement properties of the Falls Efficacy Scale‐International (FES‐I) in persons with late effects of polio: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Brogårdh Christina , Lexell Jan , Westergren Albert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFear of falling (FoF) is very common in persons with late effects of polio (LEoP). An internationally recognized rating scale to assess FoF is the Falls Efficacy Scale‐International (FES‐I). Yet, there is limited knowledge about its measurement properties in persons with LEoP.ObjectiveTo investigate the measurement properties of the FES‐I (16‐item version) and the short FES‐I (7‐item version) in persons with LEoP.DesignExplorative factor analysis and Rasch model analysis of cross‐sectional data.SettingUniversity hospital.ParticipantsA total of 321 persons with LEoP (mean age ± standard deviation [SD] 70 ± 10 years, 173 women).Main Outcome MeasurementThe FES‐I and the short FES‐I, comprising four response options about concerns of falling ranging from 1 (not at all concerned) to 4 (very concerned).MethodsData were collected by a postal survey. First, a factor analysis was performed to investigate the unidimensionality of the scale. Thereafter, a Rasch model analysis was used to further analyze the measurement properties of the FES‐I and the short FES‐I, such as local dependency, targeting, hierarchical order of items, Differential Item Functioning (DIF), response category functioning and reliability (Person Separation Index, PSI). Raw score transformation to interval measurements was also performed.ResultsThe factor analysis revealed that the FES‐I was unidimensional, even though the Rasch analysis showed some misfit to the Rasch model and local dependency. Targeting for the FES‐I and the short FES‐I was somewhat suboptimal as the participants on average reported less FoF than expected. A negligible gender DIF was found for two items in the FES‐I and for one item in the short FES‐I. Reliability was high (PSI >0.86), and the response category thresholds worked as intended for both the FES‐I and the short FES‐I.ConclusionThe FES‐I and the short FES‐I have sufficient measurement properties in persons with LEoP. Both versions can be used to assess fear of falling (or FoF) in this population.
Who's Afraid of the Supersymmetric Dark? The Standard Model vs Low‐Energy Supergravity
Authors: Burgess C.P. , Quevedo F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUse of supergravity equations in astronomy and late‐universe cosmology is often criticized on three grounds: (i) phenomenological success usually depends on the supergravity form for the scalar potential applying at the relevant energies; () the low‐energy scalar potential is extremely sensitive to quantum effects involving very massive particles and so is rarely well‐approximated by classical calculations of its form; and () almost all Standard Model particles count as massive for these purposes and none of these are supersymmetric. Why should Standard Model loops preserve the low‐energy supergravity form even if supersymmetry is valid at energies well above the electroweak scale? We use recently developed tools for coupling supergravity to non‐supersymmetric matter to estimate the loop effects of heavy non‐supersymmetric particles on the low‐energy effective action, and provide evidence that the supergravity form is stable against integrating out such particles (and so argues against the above objection). This suggests an intrinsically supersymmetric picture of Nature where supersymmetry survives to low energies within the gravity sector but not the visible sector (for which supersymmetry is instead non‐linearly realized). We explore the couplings of both sectors in this picture and find that the presence of auxiliary fields in the gravity sector makes the visible sector share many features usually attributed to linearly realized supersymmetry although (unlike for the MSSM) a second Higgs doublet is not required for all Yukawa couplings to be non‐vanishing and changes the dimension of the operator generating the Higgs mass. We discuss the naturalness of this picture and some of the implications it might have when searching for dark‐sector physics.
Mechanical design and wheel–leg–body cooperation control of a step‐climbing robot
Authors: Liu Chong , Zhang Xinde , Wu Renqiong , Wang Shixiong , Wang Ruchao , Lu Zhiguo , Xiao Yinhe , Li Songhao , Wu Zhuohang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes the mechanical design and wheel–leg–body cooperation control of a robot capable of climbing stairs for the RoboMaster competition. The robot is comprised of a robot body and four legs with wheels on each end. The front and hind legs composed of the linkages and sliders complete the climbing stairs motion under the coordination of the motors and the cylinders. The dynamic stair‐climbing motion is realized by control the wheel speed and leg motion corresponding to the body motion of the robot relative to the stair environment. Compared with the common split stair climbing designed, the robot can dynamically climb the stairs without losing the forward speed, which makes climbing stairs more smoothly while retaining the ability to move on the flat. Experimental results demonstrate that the robot can climb stairs with a riser height up to 20 cm and a tread depth more than 80 cm. And the process of climbing each stair is reduced to 1–2 s.
A Versatile Strategy for Achieving Fast‐Charging Batteries via Interfacial Engineering: Pseudocapacitive Potassium Storage without Nanostructuring
Authors: Kim Seoa , Jung Hyeonjung , Lim Won‐Gwang , Lim Eunho , Jo Changshin , Lee Kug‐Seung , Han Jeong Woo , Lee Jinwoo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe rapid transport of alkali ions in electrodes is a long‐time dream for fast‐charging batteries. Though electrode nanostructuring has increased the rate‐capability, its practical use is limited because of the low tap density and severe irreversible reactions. Therefore, development of a strategy to design fast‐charging micron‐sized electrodes without nanostructuring is of significant importance. Herein, a simple and versatile strategy to accelerate the alkali ion diffusion behavior in micron‐sized electrode is reported. It is demonstrated that the diffusion rate of K+ ions is significantly improved at the hetero‐interface between orthorhombic Nb2O5 (001) and monoclinic MoO2 (110) planes. Lattice distortion at the hetero‐interface generates an inner space large enough for the facile transport of K+ ions, and electron localization near oxygen‐vacant sites further enhances the ion diffusion behavior. As a result, the interfacial‐engineered micron‐sized anode material achieves an outstanding rate capability in potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs), even higher than nanostructured orthorhombic Nb2O5 which is famous for fast‐charging electrodes. This is the first study to develop an intercalation pseudocapacitive micron‐sized anode without nanostructuring for fast‐charging and high volumetric energy density KIBs. More interestingly, this strategy is not limited to K+ ion, but also applicable to Li+ ion, implying the versatility of interfacial engineering for alkali ion batteries.
Mackinawite‐Supported Reduction of C1 Substrates into Prebiotically Relevant Precursors
Authors: Grosch Mario , Stiebritz Martin T. , Bolney Robert , Winkler Mario , Jückstock Eric , Busch Hannah , Peters Sophia , Siegle Alexander F. , van Slageren Joris , Ribbe Markus , Hu Yilin , Trapp Oliver , Robl Christian , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMackinawite has unique structural properties and reactivities when compared to other iron sulfides. Herein we provide evidence for the mackinawite‐supported reduction of KCN into various reduced compounds under primordial conditions. We proposed a reaction mechanism based on the nucleophilic attack by the deprotonated mackinawite ‐SH surface groups at the carbon atom of HCN. The initial binding of the substrate and the subsequent reduction events are supported by DFT calculations and further experiments using other substrates, such as KSCN, KOCN and CS2. Until now, conversion of CN− into CH4 and NH3 has been limited to nitrogenase cofactors or molecular Fe‐CN complexes. Our study provides evidence for mackinawite‐supported cleavage of the C−N bond under ambient conditions, which opens new avenues for investigation of other substrates for mackinawite‐supported reactions while shedding light on the relevance of this type of reaction to the origin of life on Earth.
Efficacy of surgery combined with photodynamic therapy or triamcinolone acetonide for keloid treatment: An interim analysis of nine cases
Authors: Jing Qi , Xing‐xiao Lin , Yong‐hong Hao , Peng‐xiang Liu , Li‐chuan Tang , Cheng‐xin Li , Fang Xie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy emerged in the 1900s and recently, it has been developed as a novel modality for treating tumors, precancerous lesions, hypertrophic skin diseases, vascular diseases and so on. We aimed to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of surgery combined with photodynamic therapy or triamcinolone acetonide injection for keloid treatment. This self‐controlled study included nine patients with keloids. Two keloid sites were selected for each patient: one site received photodynamic therapy (PDT group) and the other site received local triamcinolone acetonide injections (TA group). All the keloids were surgically excised. The Vancouver Scar Scale and pruritus and pain scores were assessed at 3 and 6 months, respectively. At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, the pruritus and pain scores decreased significantly (P < .01) and equally in both groups (P > .05). At 6 months postoperatively, the PDT group showed the following results: complete cure, one patient; significantly effective, four patients; effective, four patients; and ineffective, no patient (efficacy, 100%). The TA group showed the following results: complete cure, one patient; significantly effective, three patients; effective, four patients; and ineffective, one patient (efficacy, 88.9%). Between‐group differences were not significant (P > .05). Hyperpigmentation was observed (n = 2) in the experimental group, whereas menstrual disorders (n = 2), local capillary dilation (n = 1) and subcutaneous atrophy (n = 1) were observed in the TA group. Photodynamic therapy and local triamcinolone acetonide are equally and highly effective in treating keloids with few side effects and when combined with surgery.
Genome sequence for the blue‐flowered Andean shrub Iochroma cyaneum reveals extensive discordance across the berry clade of Solanaceae
Authors: Powell Adrian F. , Zhang Jing , Hauser Duncan , Vilela Julianne A. , Hu Alice , Gates Daniel J. , Mueller Lukas A. , Li Fay‐Wei , Strickler Susan R. , Smith Stacey D. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) family, Solanaceae, is a model clade for a wide range of applied and basic research questions. Currently, reference‐quality genomes are available for over 30 species from seven genera, and these include numerous crops as well as wild species [e.g., Jaltomata sinuosa (Miers) Mione and Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Watson]. Here we present the genome of the showy‐flowered Andean shrub Iochroma cyaneum (Lindl.) M. L. Green, a woody lineage from the tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica Lam.) subfamily Physalideae. The assembled size of the genome (2.7 Gb) is more similar in size to pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) (2.6 Gb) than to other sequenced diploid members of the berry clade of Solanaceae [e.g., potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), tomato, and Jaltomata]. Our assembly recovers 92% of the conserved orthologous set, suggesting a nearly complete genome for this species. Most of the genomic content is repetitive (69%), with Gypsy elements alone accounting for 52% of the genome. Despite the large amount of repetitive content, most of the 12 I. cyaneum chromosomes are highly syntenic with tomato. Bayesian concordance analysis provides strong support for the berry clade, including I. cyaneum, but reveals extensive discordance along the backbone, with placement of chili pepper and Jaltomata being highly variable across gene trees. The I. cyaneum genome contributes to a growing wealth of genomic resources in Solanaceae and underscores the need for expanded sampling of diverse berry genomes to dissect major morphological transitions.