bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collective Motion of Atoms in Metals by First Principles Calculations
Authors: Tanaka Isao , Togo Atsushi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFundamental information on the collective motion of atoms can be learned by tracing imaginary phonon modes in deformed crystals. This should be useful to investigate the atomic process of plaston in a logical manner. Here, we summarize our works on the collective motion of atoms in unary metallic crystals examined by first principles phonon calculations. A simple algorithm for automated searching of the structural transition pathway following the imaginary phonon modes has been constructed. We first show the construction of structure evolution diagrams in Cu, Mg, Ti, and Hf by taking a simple cubic (SC) structure as a starting structure. The pathway corresponds to a route connecting initial and final structures without any energy barrier. Effects of the hydrostatic pressure on the diagram have been examined as well. In the second part, the collective motion of atoms in HCP-Ti under homogeneous shear deformation corresponding to the {$$10\overline{1} 2$$

10

1

¯

2

} twinning mode is shown. The structural transition pathway from the parent to twin, which is widely accepted as the “shuffling”, is shown in detail.
Modular invariance, misalignment and finiteness in non-supersymmetric strings
Authors: Cribiori Niccolò , Parameswaran Susha , Tonioni Flavio , Wrase Timm 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article we show that finite perturbative corrections in non-supersymmetric strings can be understood via an interplay between modular invariance and misaligned supersymmetry. While modular invariance is known to be crucial in closed-string models, its presence and role for open strings is more subtle. Nevertheless, we argue that it leads to cancellations in physical quantities such as the one-loop cosmological constant and prevents them from diverging. In particular, we show that if the sector-averaged number of states does not grow exponentially, as predicted by misaligned supersymmetry, all exponential divergences in the one-loop cosmological constant cancel out as well. To account for the absence of power-law divergences, instead, we need to resort to the modular structure of the partition function. We finally comment on the presence of misaligned supersymmetry in the known 10-dimensional tachyon-free non-supersymmetric string theories.
Citrullination in the pathology of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders: recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Ciesielski Oskar , Biesiekierska Marta , Panthu Baptiste , Soszyński Mirosław , Pirola Luciano , Balcerczyk Aneta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNumerous
post-translational modifications (PTMs) govern the collective metabolism of a cell through altering the structure and functions of proteins. The action of the most prevalent PTMs, encompassing phosphorylation, methylation, acylations, ubiquitination and glycosylation is well documented. A less explored protein PTM, conversion of peptidylarginine to citrulline, is the subject of this review. The process of citrullination is catalysed by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), a family of conserved enzymes expressed in a variety of human tissues. Accumulating evidence suggest that citrullination plays a significant role in regulating cellular metabolism and gene expression by affecting a multitude of pathways and modulating the chromatin status. Here, we will discuss the biochemical nature of arginine citrullination, the enzymatic machinery behind it and also provide information on the pathological consequences of citrullination in the development of inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, periodontitis and COVID-19), cancer and thromboembolism. Finally, developments on inhibitors against protein citrullination and recent clinical trials providing a promising therapeutic approach to inflammatory disease by targeting citrullination are discussed.
Bundling the removal of emerging contaminants with the production of ligninolytic enzymes from residual streams
Authors: González-Rodríguez Sandra , Lu-Chau Thelmo A. , Trueba-Santiso Alba , Eibes Gemma , Moreira María Teresa 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Enzymes offer interesting features as biological catalysts for industry: high specificity, activity under mild conditions, accessibility, and environmental friendliness. Being able to produce enzymes in large quantities and having them available in a stable and reusable form reduces the production costs of any enzyme-based process. Agricultural residues have recently demonstrated their potential as substrates to produce ligninolytic enzymes by different white rot fungi. In this study, the biotechnological production of a manganese peroxidase (MnP) by Irpex lacteus was conducted through solid-state fermentation (SSF) with wheat straw as substrate and submerged fermentation (SmF) employing wheat straw extract (WSE). The obtained enzyme cocktail also showed manganese-independent activity (MiP), related to the presence of a short MnP and a dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP) which was confirmed by shotgun proteomic analyses. In view of the enhanced production of ligninolytic enzymes in SmF, different parameters such as WSE concentration and nitrogen source were evaluated. The highest enzyme titers were obtained with a medium formulated with glucose and peptone (339 U/L MnP and 15 U/L MiP). The scale-up to a 30 L reactor achieved similar activities, demonstrating the feasibility of enzyme production from the residual substrate at different production scales. Degradation of five emerging pollutants was performed to demonstrate the high oxidative capacity of the enzyme. Complete removal of hormones and bisphenol A was achieved in less than 1 h, whereas almost 30% degradation of carbamazepine was achieved in 24 h, which is a significant improvement compared to previous enzymatic treatments of this compound.

Key points
• Wheat straw extract is suitable for the growth of I. lacteus.
• The enzyme cocktail obtained allows the degradation of emerging contaminants.
• Mn-dependent and Mn-independent activities increases the catalytic potential.

Graphical abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with SOD1 mutations shows distinct brain metabolic changes
Authors: Canosa Antonio , Calvo Andrea , Moglia Cristina , Vasta Rosario , Palumbo Francesca , Solero Luca , Di Pede Francesca , Cabras Sara , Arena Vincenzo , Zocco Grazia , Casale Federico , Brunetti Maura , Sbaiz Luca , Gallone Salvatore , Grassano Maurizio , Manera Umberto , Pagani Marco , Chiò Adriano 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Neuropathological data suggest that ALS with SOD1 mutations (SOD1-ALS) is a distinct form of ALS. We evaluated brain metabolic changes characterizing SOD1-ALS as compared to sporadic ALS (sALS), employing 18fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET).

Methods
We included 18 SOD1-ALS patients, 40 healthy controls (HC), and 46 sALS patients without mutations in SOD1, TARDBP, FUS, and C9ORF72, randomly selected from 665 subjects who underwent brain 18F-FDG-PET at diagnosis between 2008 and 2019 at the ALS Centre of Turin. We excluded patients with frontotemporal dementia. We used the full factorial design in SPM12 to evaluate whether differences among groups exist overall. In case the hypothesis was confirmed, group comparisons were performed through the two-sample t-test model of SPM12. In all the analyses, the height threshold was P < 0.001 (P < 0.05 FWE-corrected at cluster level).

Results
The full factorial design resulted in a significant main effect of groups. We identified a relative hypometabolism in sALS patients compared to SOD1-ALS cases in the right precentral and medial frontal gyrus, right paracentral lobule, and bilateral postcentral gyrus. SOD1 patients showed a relative hypermetabolism as compared to HC in the right precentral gyrus and paracentral lobule. As compared to HC, sALS patients showed relative hypometabolism in frontal, temporal, and occipital cortices.

Conclusion
SOD1-ALS was characterized by a relative hypermetabolism in the motor cortex as compared to sALS and HC. Since promising, targeted, therapeutic strategies are upcoming for SOD1-ALS, our data support the use of PET to study disease pathogenesis and to track its course in clinical trials, in both asymptomatic and symptomatic mutation carriers.
Comparative transcriptomics reveal tissue level specialization towards diet in prickleback fishes
Authors: Herrera Michelle J. , Heras Joseph , German Donovan P. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBeyond a few obvious examples (e.g., gut length, amylase activity), digestive and metabolic specializations towards diet remain elusive in fishes. Thus, we compared gut length, δ13C and δ15N signatures of the liver, and expressed genes in the intestine and liver of wild-caught individuals of four closely-related, sympatric prickleback species (family Stichaeidae) with different diets: Xiphister mucosus (herbivore), its sister taxon X. atropurpureus (omnivore), Phytichthys chirus (omnivore) and the carnivorous Anoplarchus purpurescens. We also measured the same parameters after feeding them carnivore or omnivore diets in the laboratory for 4 weeks. Growth and isotopic signatures showed assimilation of the laboratory diets, and gut length was significantly longer in X. mucosus in comparison to the other fishes, whether in the wild, or in the lab consuming the different diets. Dozens of genes relating to digestion and metabolism were observed to be under selection in the various species, but P. chirus stood out with some genes in the liver showing strong positive selection, and these genes correlating with differing isotopic incorporation of the laboratory carnivore diet in this species. Although the intestine showed variation in the expression of hundreds of genes in response to the laboratory diets, the liver exhibited species-specific gene expression patterns that changed very little (generally <40 genes changing expression, with P. chirus providing an exception). Overall, our results suggest that the intestine is plastic in function, but the liver may be where specialization manifests since this tissue shows species-specific gene expression patterns that match with natural diet.
Österreichweite Regionalisierung bodenhydraulischer Eigenschaften
Authors: Zeitfogel Hanna , Feigl Moritz , Schulz Karsten 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungAngesichts der Klimawandelproblematik gewinnt auch die flächige Verfügbarkeit von bodenhydraulischen Informationen an Bedeutung. Diese Bodeninformationen bilden die Grundlage zur Modellierung hydrologischer Prozesse, speziell bei aktuellen Problemfeldern wie der Gefahrenausweisung von pluvialem Hochwasser. In Österreich gibt es derzeit kein Produkt, das die Bodendaten bundesweit flächig abbildet und gleichzeitig die hohe natürliche Variabilität der Bodeneigenschaften widerspiegelt. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, auf Basis verfügbarer Daten relevante bodenhydraulische Parameter für die Gesamtfläche Österreichs abzuleiten und auch entsprechende Unsicherheiten anzugeben. Hierzu wurden zwei gängige Verfahren aus dem „Machine Learning“ (ML), XGBoost und FNN, getestet, um Zusammenhänge zwischen leicht messbaren bzw. flächig verfügbaren physio-geografischen sowie zusätzlichen Informationen aus Satellitenfernerkundung und den relevanten Bodenparametern zu entwickeln. Auf Basis der ML-Verfahren wurden die Bodenparameter Sand, Schluff, Ton und Humus flächig für ganz Österreich und für drei verschiedene Tiefenstufen auf einer Rasterbasis von 1 × 1 km2 abgeleitet. Die Ergebnisse stellen im direkten Vergleich mit dem derzeitig einzig österreichweit flächig verfügbaren Bodeninformationssystem eine deutliche Verbesserung dar. Die Regionalisierung der gesättigten hydraulischen Leitfähigkeit (ks) wurde indirekt – auf Grundlage der regionalisierten Bodenparameter und mithilfe von existierenden Pedotransfer Funktionen (PTFs) – und direkt – auf Basis vorhandener bodenhydraulischer Datensätze – getestet. Die Ableitung von ks ist nur mit großen Unsicherheiten möglich. Die erstellten Bodenkarten leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Reduktion der vorhandenen Bodendatenlücken in Österreich und sollen als Grundlage für weitere Arbeiten zur Abschätzung der pluvialen Hochwassergefahr dienen.
The Co-construct/ Co-evolving Process between Organization’s Absorptive Capacity and Enterprise System Practice under Changing Context: The Case of ERP Practice
Authors: Wu Kai , Beydoun Ghassan , Sohaib Osama , Gill Asif 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLong term sustainability in a competitive and changing environment requires an organization to continuously learn and adapt. The ability to access and use new knowledge is contingent on the organisational absorptive capacity (AC). In this paper, we focus on how an organization’s absorptive capacity and its enterprise system practices develop and co-evolve over time. Analysing a fifteen years’ ERP practice in an organisational context, this study synthesizes a new AC analysis framework that takes into account the dynamic nature of AC. This high-level analysis coupled with a longitudinal view resolves inconsistent results between current AC studies and suggest further directions for organisational AC research.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Perceptions of Health, Work Environment and Experiences of Work-Related Symptoms Among Cleaning Workers
Authors: Kyung Minjung , Collman Nicole , Domeracki Sandra , Hong OiSaeng , Lee Soo-Jeong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study explored racial and ethnic differences in perception of work environment, safe work practices, general health status, experience of work-related injury or illness and subsequent symptom reporting and health care seeking behaviors among cleaning workers. This study analyzed cross-sectional data obtained from 183 cleaning workers employed in a university hospital or a health sciences campus in Northern California. The sample included 120 Asians (65.6%), 37 Hispanics (20.2%), and 27 other ethnicities (14.2%); 85.7% were foreign-born. Asian workers perceived lower job control and supervisor support and higher job strain than other workers. The odds of perceiving general health as excellent or very good were lower among Asians compared to Hispanics and Others. Asians who experienced chemical-related symptoms were less likely than Hispanics and others to report the symptoms to their supervisor or seek healthcare. Our study findings indicated racial/ethnic differences in perceptions of work and general health, seeking healthcare, and reporting behaviors among cleaning workers. Asian workers, specifically, may need special attention to improve their experiences of work environments and health in the workplace.
Flexible neural network for fast and accurate road scene perception
Authors: Mehtab Sabeeha , Yan Wei Qi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccurate object detection on the road is the most important requirement of autonomous vehicles. Extensive work has been accomplished for car, pedestrian, and cyclist detection; however, comparatively, very few efforts have been put into 2D object detection. In this article, a dynamic approach is investigated to design a perfect unified neural network that could achieve the best results based on our available hardware. The proposed architecture is based on CSPNet for feature extraction in an end-to-end way. The net extracts visual features by using backbone subnet, visual object detection is based on a feature pyramid network (FPN). In order to increase the net flexibility, an auto-anchor generating method is applied to the detection layer that makes the net suitable for any datasets. For fine-tuning the net, activation, optimization, and loss functions are considered along with multiple check points. The proposed net is trained and tested based on the benchmark KITTI dataset. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed model for visual object detection is superior to others, where other nets output very low accuracy for pedestrian and cyclist detection, our proposed model achieves 99.3% recall rate based on our dataset.
How the design and complexity of concept maps influence cognitive learning processes
Authors: Krieglstein Felix , Schneider Sascha , Beege Maik , Rey Günter Daniel 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConcept maps are assumed to enhance learning as their inherent structure makes relations between information more salient. Nevertheless, research on how to design concept maps as conducive to learning as possible is still rare. In particular, the salience of spatial arrangement of thematically related concepts within the map as well as the complexity of the map were found to be central design elements that influence learning. This study aimed to examine how the structure (i.e., the salience of the spatial relationship between individual concepts) and the complexity (i.e., number of nodes per sub concept) influence learning. Accordingly, a 2 (low vs. high salience of map structure) × 2 (few vs. many nodes) between-subject design was used (N = 122) to examine cognitive processes while learning with a concept map. No significant learning performance differences were found. Concepts maps with a low salience of map structure increased perceptions of disorientation. A serial mediation with learning performances as dependent variable revealed that the salience of the map structure is significantly associated with disorientation and extraneous cognitive load perceptions. By this, current attempts to measure extraneous cognitive load are questioned.
Envisioning just transformations in and beyond the EU bioeconomy: inspirations from decolonial environmental justice and degrowth
Authors: Ramcilovic-Suominen Sabaheta 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe European Union (EU) is adhering to decarbonization of its economy to tackle what is narrowly framed as ‘environmental issues’ of our socioecological and civilizational crises—including, but not limited to, climate change and biodiversity loss. A shift to bio-based economy (bioeconomy) is an important component of this effort. This paper applies theoretical ideas from decolonial environmental justice and degrowth, placed in the wider context of transformations, to analyse the EU bioeconomy policy within the global context, and to draw lessons and recommendations for just transformations in the EU bioeconomy policy. I identify five dominant logics and approaches in the EU bioeconomy that act as barriers for just transformations and propose alternative ones that can support such transformations. Barriers and alternatives include (1) framing ‘nature’ as a resource and service provider for humans, who are seen as separate from nature, and the need to abandon human–nature duality; (2) dominance of economic green growth and technoscientific policy solutions, and the need to place planetary justice at the centre of tackling socioecological crises; (3) a limited approach to justice, and the need to act upon climate and epistemic justice, including self-determination and self-governing authority; (4) the EU’s ambition for global leadership and competitiveness in global bioeconomic markets and governance, and the need to redefine global governance towards partnerships based on the principles of solidarity, mutual respect, reconciliation and redistribution of power and wealth; (5) hegemonic politico-economic structures and actor coalitions in charge of the EU bioeconomy, and the need for decentralized bottom-up leadership coalitions that promote direct democracy, local autonomy and sovereignty beyond state. I conclude with reflections on the politics of change and risks of co-optation, with a hope to inspire decolonial and just socioecological transformations in and beyond bioeconomy.
Notwendigkeit einer kritischen Prüfung von Methoden zur Lügenerkennung und Vernehmungstaktiken zur Informationsgewinnung von Beschuldigten: ein Positionspapier aus Psychologie und Polizei
Authors: May Lennart , Schneider Teresa , Okulicz-Kozaryn Malgorzata 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungPolizeiliche Entscheidungsträger*innen und Ermittelnde in Deutschland erhalten regelmäßig Aus- und Fortbildungsangebote zu Methoden der Lügenerkennung und zu Vernehmungstaktiken für Beschuldigte, die teilweise unseriös sind. Keinesfalls sollten ineffektive oder ungeprüfte Methoden und Taktiken durch die Polizei angewandt werden, da sie gravierende Folgen für unschuldige Personen (z. B. Freiheitsentzug, soziale Schäden) und die Bevölkerung (z. B. weitere Straftaten durch die eigentlichen Täter*innen, sinkendes Vertrauen in die polizeiliche Ermittlungstätigkeiten) nach sich ziehen können. Besonders problematisch sind pseudowissenschaftliche Angebote, die nicht systematisch geprüfte oder nachweislich ineffektive Inhalte vermitteln, jedoch wissenschaftlich begründet scheinen (z. B. aufgrund des Titels oder der Berufsbeschreibung der anbietenden Personen). Dieses Positionspapier will diese Problematik beleuchten und Personen aus der polizeilichen Lehre und Praxis dazu anregen, Angebote kritisch zu prüfen und schwerpunktmäßig theoretisch fundierte und nachgewiesenermaßen effektive Methoden zum Einschätzen von Falschaussagen (z. B. anhand von Widersprüchen) und Konzepten zur Vernehmung Beschuldigter anzuwenden.
CO2 Gasification of Densified Biomass: The Influence of K on Reaction Rate
Authors: Kaffash Hamideh , Tangstad Merete 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Boudouard reactivity of metallurgical coke and densified charcoals was investigated in this study. Potassium is known to accumulate in ferromanganese furnaces and hence was evaluated as a catalyst of CO2 reactivity. Samples were impregnated using a gaseous impregnation technique with K2CO3.The reactivity experiments were designed to simulate conditions occurring in an industrial furnace, as used for production of Mn-alloys. To find out the catalytic effect of potassium, the concentration varied from a fraction of a percent up to 5 wt.%. The results show that with increasing potassium content, the CO2 reactivity of coke and charcoal increased, and this change was more significant for coke. The CO2 reactivities of coke and densified charcoal were much closer to each other at the highest content of potassium. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed that potassium distributed on the surface as well as on deposited carbon particles formed on densified charcoal.
Awareness of environmental legislation as a deterrent for wildlife crime: A case with Masaai pastoralists, poison use and the Kenya Wildlife Act
Authors: Didarali Zahra , Kuiper Timothy , Brink Christiaan W. , Buij Ralph , Virani Munir Z. , Reson Eric O. , Santangeli Andrea 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIllegal wildlife crime is a global phenomenon, accelerating the ongoing biodiversity crisis. In the Old World, and particularly in Africa, illegal use of poisons to eliminate carnivores is the main driver of the continental vulture crisis. Knowledge about the underlying source and drivers of this threat is lacking for most areas, including Kenya, a global vulture and biodiversity hotspot. An extensive questionnaire survey of over 1300 respondents was run, using a specialized questioning technique and quantitative analytical approaches. Results show that, while pastoralists have a positive attitude towards vultures, over 20% of them use poisons to eliminate predators. Poisoning was largely driven by livestock losses to predators, and by negative attitude towards predators. Poisoning was less prevalent among respondents aware of the Kenya Wildlife Act. Overall, we suggest that a combination of top-down, e.g. legislation, and bottom-up (such as corrals or compensation) along with awareness campaigns may help reduce poisoning on the ground.