bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Dynamic Vegetation Modeling in Noah‐MP by Parameter Optimization and Data Assimilation Over China's Loess Plateau
Authors: Shu Zunyun , Zhang Baoqing , Tian Lei , Zhao Xining 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAccurate modeling of vegetation dynamics is needed to improve our understanding of and ability to predict the impacts of vegetation changes on terrestrial water‐energy‐carbon cycles. Parameter optimization (PO) and data assimilation (DA) are widely used to improve the performance of dynamic vegetation modules in land surface models (LSMs). However, their effectiveness is unclear. Here we analyze their impacts on the performance of the dynamic vegetation module of the Noah with multiparameterization options (Noah‐MP) LSM over the Chinese Loess Plateau, which is an ideal study case because it is a large region that has undergone dramatic vegetation change. We first optimize these parameters that strongly affect the predicted vegetation dynamics based on the results of sensitivity analysis using PO. In addition, we evaluate the effect of DA by assimilating leaf area index (LAI) remote sensing data into Noah‐MP without PO. Finally, we investigate the effect of applying PO and DA together. PO increases the predicted rates of carbon assimilation and turnover and thus reduces the underestimation of LAI and the lag in vegetation seasonality. DA has a weaker impact than PO: it only reduces the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the predicted LAI in around 49.76% of the studied region and is mainly beneficial in the growing phase. Combining PO and DA compensate the limitations of each other, and gives the most significant reduction in RMSE (median: −0.24 m2/m2) and increase in R2 (+0.44). The improved vegetation dynamics with different optimization methods thus improve the modeling of water and carbon cycle processes.
An Extremely Elongated Cloud Over Arsia Mons Volcano on Mars: 2. Mesoscale Modeling
Authors: Hernández‐Bernal J. , Spiga A. , Sánchez‐Lavega A. , del Río‐Gaztelurrutia T. , Forget F. , Millour E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn a previous work (Hernández‐Bernal et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020je006517) we performed an observational analysis of the Arsia Mons Elongated Cloud (AMEC), which stands out due to its impressive size and shape, quick dynamics, and the fact that it happens during the Martian dusty season. Observations show that its morphology can be split in a head, on the western slope of the volcano of around 120 km in diameter; and a tail, that expands to the west reaching more than 1,000 km in length, making the AMEC the longest orographic cloud observed so far in the solar system. In this work we run the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Mesoscale Model to gain insight into the physics of the AMEC. We note that it is coincident in terms of local time and seasonality with the fastest winds on the summit of Arsia Mons. A downslope windstorm on the western slope is followed by a hydraulic‐like jump triggering a strong vertical updraft that propagates upwards in the atmosphere, causing a drop in temperatures of down to 30 K at 40–50 km in altitude, spatially and temporarily coincident with the observed head of the AMEC. However the model does not reproduce the microphysics of this cloud: the optical depth is too low and the expansion of the tail does not happen in the model. The observed diurnal cycle is correctly captured by the model for the head of the cloud. This work raises new questions that will guide future observations of the AMEC.
Neural serotonergic circuits for controlling long-term voluntary alcohol consumption in mice
Authors: Belmer Arnauld , Depoortere Ronan , Beecher Kate , Newman-Tancredi Adrian , Bartlett Selena E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlcohol-use-disorders are chronic relapsing illnesses, often co-morbid with anxiety. We have previously shown using the “drinking-in-the-dark” model in mice that the stimulation of the serotonin receptor 1A (5-HT1A) reduces ethanol binge-drinking behaviour and withdrawal-induced anxiety. The 5-HT1Areceptor is located either on Raphe neurons as autoreceptors, or on target neurons as heteroreceptors. By combining a pharmacological approach with biased agonists targeting the 5-HT1Aauto- or heteroreceptor and a chemogenetic approach (DREADDs), here we identified that ethanol-binge drinking behaviour is dependent on 5-HT1Aautoreceptors and 5-HT neuronal function, with a transition from DRN-dependent regulation of short-term (6 weeks) ethanol intake, to MRN-dependent regulation after longer ethanol exposure (12 weeks). We further identified a serotonergic microcircuit (5-HTMRN→DG) originating from the MRN and projecting to the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, that is specifically affected by, and modulates long-term ethanol consumption. The present study indicates that targeting Raphe nuclei 5-HT1Aautoreceptors with agonists might represent an innovative pharmacotherapeutic strategy to combat alcohol abuse.
Neuroprotective therapies in the NICU in term infants: present and future
Authors: Molloy Eleanor J. , El-Dib Mohamed , Juul Sandra E. , Benders Manon , Gonzalez Fernando , Bearer Cynthia , Wu Yvonne W. , Robertson Nicola J. , Hurley Tim , Branagan Aoife , Michael Cotten C. , Tan Sidhartha , Laptook Abbot , Austin Topun , Mohammad Khorshid , Rogers Elizabeth , Luyt Karen , Bonifacio Sonia , Soul Janet S. , Gunn Alistair J. ,   On behalf of the Newborn Brain Society Guidelines and Publications Committee, Bonifacio Sonia , Wintermark Pia , Aly Hany , Chang Taeun , Chau Vann , Glass Hannah , Lemmon Monica , Massaro An , Wusthoff Courtney , deVeber Gabrielle , Pardo Andrea , McCaul Melisa Carrasco 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Outcomes of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) have improved since the widespread implementation of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in high-resource settings. While TH for NE in term and near-term infants has proven beneficial, 30–50% of infants with moderate-to-severe NE treated with TH still suffer death or significant impairments. There is therefore a critical need to find additional pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that improve the outcomes for these children. There are many potential candidates; however, it is unclear whether these interventions have additional benefits when used with TH. Although primary and delayed (secondary) brain injury starting in the latent phase after HI are major contributors to neurodisability, the very late evolving effects of tertiary brain injury likely require different interventions targeting neurorestoration. Clinical trials of seizure management and neuroprotection bundles are needed, in addition to current trials combining erythropoietin, stem cells, and melatonin with TH.

Impact

The widespread use of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) has reduced the associated morbidity and mortality. However, 30–50% of infants with moderate-to-severe NE treated with TH still suffer death or significant impairments.

This review details the pathophysiology of NE along with the evidence for the use of TH and other beneficial neuroprotective strategies used in term infants.

We also discuss treatment strategies undergoing evaluation at present as potential adjuvant treatments to TH in NE.
Clinically relevant germline variants in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Lahtinen Atte K. , Koski Jessica , Ritari Jarmo , Hyvärinen Kati , Koskela Satu , Partanen Jukka , Vettenranta Kim , Koskenvuo Minna , Niittyvuopio Riitta , Salmenniemi Urpu , Itälä-Remes Maija , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Kilpivaara Outi , Wartiovaara-Kautto Ulla 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) provides patients with severe hematologic disease a well-established potential for curation. Incorporation of germline analyses in the workup of HSCT patients is not a common practice. Recognizing rare harmful germline variants may however affect patients’ pre-transplantation care, choice of the stem cell donor, and complication risks. We analyzed a population-based series of germline exome data of 432 patients who had undergone HSCT. Our aim was to identify clinically relevant variants that may challenge the outcome of the HSCT. We focused on genes predisposing to hematological diseases, or solid tumors, and genes included in the American College of Medical Genetics secondary findings list v3.0. As population-specific controls, we used GnomAD non-cancer Finns (n = 10,816). We identified in our population-based analysis rare harmful germline variants in disease-predisposing or actionable toxicity-increasing genes in 17.8% of adult and pediatric patients that have undergone HSCT (15.1% and 22.9%, respectively). More than half of the patients with a family member as a donor had not received genetic diagnosis prior to the HSCT. Our results encourage clinicians to incorporate germline genetic testing in the HSCT protocol in the future in order to reach optimal long-term outcome for the patients.
LncNAP1L6 activates MMP pathway by stabilizing the m6A-modified NAP1L2 to promote malignant progression in prostate cancer
Authors: Zheng Yuxiao , Qi Feng , Li Lu , Yu Bin , Cheng Yifei , Ge Minghui , Qin Chao , Li Xiao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMalignant progression such as bone metastasis, which is associated with pathologic fractures, pain and reduced survival frequently occurs in prostate cancer (PCa) patients at advanced stages. Accumulating evidence has supported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in multiple biological processes. Nevertheless, the functions of most lncRNAs in PCa malignant progression remain largely unclear. Our current study is to elucidate the influence of lncRNA lncNAP1L6 on PCa malignant progression and uncover the possible regulatory mechanism. Firstly, RT-qPCR analysis was to detect lncNAP1L6 expression and suggested that lncNAP1L6 was markedly upregulated in PCa cells. Functional assays manifested that silencing of lncNAP1L6 hampered cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) while overexpression of lncNAP1L6 exacerbated cell migration, invasion and EMT. In addition, mechanism assays were to determine the latent regulatory mechanism of lncNAP1L6. It turned out that METTL14/METTL3 complex mediated m6A methylation of NAP1L2 mRNA. Besides, lncNAP1L6 recruited HNRNPC to m6A-modified NAP1L2, leading to stabilization of NAP1L2 mRNA. Moreover, NAP1L6 interacted with YY1 to promote the transcription of MMP2 and MMP9 and activate MMP signaling pathway. In summary, lncNAP1L6 was identified as an oncogene in PCa, which revealed that lncNAP1L6 might be used as potential therapeutic target in PCa.
Modelling health and economic impact of nutrition interventions: a systematic review
Authors: Dötsch-Klerk Mariska , Bruins Maaike J. , Detzel Patrick , Martikainen Janne , Nergiz-Unal Reyhan , Roodenburg Annet J. C. , Pekcan Ayla Gulden 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiet related non-communicable diseases (NCDs), as well as micronutrient deficiencies, are of widespread and growing importance to public health. Authorities are developing programs to improve nutrient intakes via foods. To estimate the potential health and economic impact of these programs there is a wide variety of models. The aim of this review is to evaluate existing models to estimate the health and/or economic impact of nutrition interventions with a focus on reducing salt and sugar intake and increasing vitamin D, iron, and folate/folic acid intake. The protocol of this systematic review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42016050873). The final search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus electronic databases and search strings were developed for salt/sodium, sugar, vitamin D, iron, and folic acid intake. Predefined criteria related to scientific quality, applicability, and funding/interest were used to evaluate the publications. In total 122 publications were included for a critical appraisal: 45 for salt/sodium, 61 for sugar, 4 for vitamin D, 9 for folic acid, and 3 for iron. The complexity of modelling the health and economic impact of nutrition interventions is dependent on the purpose and data availability. Although most of the models have the potential to provide projections of future impact, the methodological challenges are considerable. There is a substantial need for more guidance and standardization for future modelling, to compare results of different studies and draw conclusions about the health and economic impact of nutrition interventions.
Removing forever chemicals via amphiphilic functionalized membranes
Authors: Johnson James K. , Michael Salerno K. , Schlesinger Danielle R. , Le Nam Q. , Ko Jesse S. , Xia Zhiyong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPer- and poly-fluoroalkyl species (PFAS) remain ever-present drinking water contaminants. While some physical adsorption technologies for PFAS removal have been implemented on a large scale, they are limited by high cost and low effectiveness. In this work, an amphiphilic coating was developed and used to functionalize an aluminum oxide hydroxide membrane. Dynamic filtration of challenge water containing eighteen PFAS demonstrated >99% removal of eleven of eighteen PFAS as defined in EPA 537.1. Comparable performance was observed under gravity filtration conditions with >90% removal of fifteen of the eighteen PFAS. A comparison of breakthrough rates using amphiphilic silanes versus granular activated carbon (GAC), the commonly used filtration technology, was performed. Filters with the new amphiphilic coating outperformed GAC under dynamic filtration conditions by more than an order of magnitude for the perfluorooctanoic acid adsorption capacity and even greater for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to compute the free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of interactions between coatings and six PFAS contaminants. Computed interaction free-energy (FE) values agree with experimental filtration performance across contaminants. The ability to use simulated FE values to predict filtration efficiency presents an opportunity for future in-silico rational design with overall reduced cost and development time.
Treatment outcome and prognostic analysis of advanced large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Xia Lu , Wang Lile , Zhou Zihan , Han Shuhua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe optimal systemic treatment of advanced large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is still controversial. We intend to explore advanced LCNEC through SEER database, construct nomogram model of advanced LCNEC, and understand the effect of different treatment regimens on LCNEC. We collected 909 patients, divided them into a training set validation set, constructed nomograms using Cox proportional hazards regression models, and evaluated nomogram discrimination and calibration by C-index and calibration curves. Kaplan–Meier will also be used to compare OS in different groups of patients and to explore the impact of different treatment regimens on advanced LCNEC. On the nomogram plotted, the nomogram predicted AUC values over time were always greater than 0.7, the C-index was 0.681 (95% CI 0.656–0.706) and 0.663 (95% CI 0.628–0.698) in the training and validation sets, respectively, and patients were divided into two groups according to risk, and a significant difference in OS was observed between the high-risk and low-risk groups in the training and validation cohorts. Different treatment analyses showed that chemotherapy is still the best treatment for advanced LCNEC. This nomogram provides a convenient and reliable tool for individual assessment and clinical decision-making of patients with advanced LCNEC.
Prevalence of mental health problems among rural adolescents in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rajkumar Eslavath , Julia Grace Jacob , Sri Lakshmi K. N. V. , Ranjana P. K. , Manjima Mahesh , Devi Rajanala Ruchitha , Rukmini Dubey , Christina George , Romate John , Allen Joshua George , Abraham John , Jacob Anieta Merin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAdolescent mental health problems have been recognised as a major issue in low-income countries including India. Through a meta-analytic approach, the present review delineate the overall prevalence of each of the most discussed mental health problems among rural adolescents in India, comprising depression, anxiety disorders, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety, social anxiety disorder, suicidality, hyperactivity, emotional problems, conduct problems and peer problems. The review also presents the potential determinants of such mental health problems. Using PRISMA guidelines, a total of thirty-five studies were finalized from databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, JSTOR, Web of Science, Google Scholar and ProQuest. From the findings, it is observed that male and female adolescents does not differ significantly in the prevalence of most mental health problems. However, social anxiety was found to be more prevalent among females when compared to males. In meta-regression, factors like tools used (screening tools vs diagnostic interviews), sample size, setting (school-based vs community-based), sampling technique and year of publication were found to influence the prevalence rates of certain mental health problems, reported in the studies. Major determinants influencing the prevalence of mental health problems in rural adolescents were age, socio-economic status, academic and family environment. Individual factors such as social media usage, physical activity, and substance use also contribute to mental health problems. As India accounts for one-fifth of the world's adolescent population, the findings of this review can have global implications.
Nasal and temporal curvatures of lamina CRIBROSA in myopic eyes
Authors: Choe Sooyeon , Joo Yoon Ha , Kim Yong Woo , Kim Young Kook , Jeoung Jin Wook , Lee Jung Chan , Park Ki Ho 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the myopic characteristics of lamina cribrosa (LC) curvature. As such, we investigated nasal and temporal LC curvatures in myopia. In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, 144 myopic eyes (refraction < − 2D) and 88 non-myopic eyes (refraction > − 0.5D) underwent swept-source optical coherence tomography scanning of the LC. The anterior border of LC curvature was delineated with 17 points and interpolated with the “cardinal spline” curve-fitting method. The average curvature indices of the temporal and nasal sides were presented as the temporal and nasal curvatures. Myopic eyes had a mean refraction of − 6.7 ± 2.8D, while for non-myopic eyes, the value was 0.3 ± 1.0D. Nasal LC curvature was visible in 54 myopia (37.5%) and 42 non-myopia (47.7%) cases (P = 0.126), and temporal LC curvature was visible in 142 myopia (98.6%) and 68 non-myopia (77.3%) cases (P = 0.001). The nasal LC curvature was significantly larger in myopia than in non-myopia (P < 0.001). Contrastingly, the temporal LC curvature was significantly smaller in myopia than in non-myopia (P < 0.001). Axial length was associated with larger nasal LC curvature, smaller temporal LC curvature, and larger nasal–temporal LC curvature difference (all P’s < 0.05). In myopic relative to non-myopic eyes, LC curvature was decreased temporally and increased nasally.
Analysis of the correlation between Zeste enhancer homolog 2 (EZH2) mRNA expression and the prognosis of mesothelioma patients and immune infiltration
Authors: Fan Kui , Zhang Chuan-long , Zhang Bo-hui , Gao Meng-qi , Sun Yun-chuan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMesothelioma lies one of the most malignant tumors, in which the identification of the corresponding biomarkers is extremely critical. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of enhancer homolog 2 (EZH2) mRNA expression in mesothelioma patients accompanied with its immune infiltration analysis. Gene expression, clinical information and enrichment analysis were obtained based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the immune infiltration analysis and bioinformatics analysis were performed. Clinical information and gene expression were obtained from 86 patients with mesothelioma based on TCGA database. Survival analysis, GSEA enrichment analysis, and immune infiltration analysis of EZH2 expression were carried out using R (version 3.6.3) (statistical analysis and visualization). The correlation of EZH2 expression with immune cell infiltration in mesothelioma was analyzed according to the TIMER database (Fig. https://cistrome.shinyapps.io/timer/). A univariate and multivariate analysis of general data obtained from the TCGA database was performed, involving age, gender, stage, pathological type, and whether they had received radiotherapy, the results indicated the association of high expression of EZH2 with poor prognosis in mesothelioma patients, with the worse prognosis in the High group (HR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.68–4.52, P < 0.010). Moreover, ROC curves showed that EZH2 expression predicted 1-year survival with an AUC of 0.740, 2-year survival with an AUC of 0.756, and 3-year survival with an AUC of 0.692, suggesting a robust predictive effect of EZH2 expression on prognosis. KEGG pathway analysis indicated five pathways showing the strongest positive correlation with EZH2 expression: cell cycle, DNA replication, Cell adhesion molecules cams, Primary immuno deficiency, Tsate transduction, and five pathways showing the strongest negative correlation with EZH2 expression: Glycolysis gluconeogenesis, Drug metabolism, cytochrome P450, retinol metabolism, fatty acid metabolism ribosome. We investigated the correlation between EZH2 expression and the level of immune infiltration in mesothelioma tissues. The results indicated that EZH2 expression played a critical role in immune infiltration, of which the high expression was correlated with the reduced number of NK cells, Mast cells, and Th17 cells. Moreover, mesothelioma patients with high EZH2 expression differ from those with low EZH2 expression in their tumor immune microenvironment. EZH2, as a new prognostic biomarker for mesothelioma, contributes to elucidating how changes in the immune environment promote the development of mesothelioma. Further analysis, EZH2 may serve as a biological test to predict the prognosis of mesothelioma.
Predicting performance of naïve migratory animals, from many wrongs to self-correction
Authors: McLaren James D. , Schmaljohann Heiko , Blasius Bernd 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMigratory orientation of many animals is inheritable, enabling inexperienced (naïve) individuals to migrate independently using a geomagnetic or celestial compass. It remains unresolved how naïve migrants reliably reach remote destinations, sometimes correcting for orientation error or displacement. To assess naïve migratory performance (successful arrival), we simulate and assess proposed compass courses for diverse airborne migratory populations, accounting for spherical-geometry effects, compass precision, cue transfers (e.g., sun to star compass), and geomagnetic variability. We formulate how time-compensated sun-compass headings partially self-correct, according to how inner-clocks are updated. For the longest-distance migrations simulated, time-compensated sun-compass courses are most robust to error, and most closely resemble known routes. For shorter-distance nocturnal migrations, geomagnetic or star-compass courses are most robust, due to not requiring nightly cue-transfers. Our predictive study provides a basis for assessment of compass-based naïve migration and mechanisms of self-correction, and supports twilight sun-compass orientation being key to many long-distance inaugural migrations.