bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Betulinic Acid Exerts Anti-inflammatory Activity in Human Periodontal
Ligament Cells Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide and/or High Glucose
Authors: Zhu Chunxia , Hu Ping 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Diabetic patients have weakened periodontal ligaments and an increased
risk of periodontitis due to uncontrolled glycemia. Betulinic acid (BA), a hypoglycemic drug, has
anti-inflammatory activities.

Objectives:
The current study aimed to explore the protective effect of BA on the inflammation in
human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or high
glucose (HG) status and its mechanisms of action.

Methods:
Human PDLCs were exposed to LPS and/or HG, with or without BA intervention. The
production of nitrite oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were quantified by Griess reaction
and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Immunoblotting analyses were employed
to detect the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-
2), as well as the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa-
B (NF-κB) in human PDLCs.

Results:
The increased production of iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE2 and increased phosphorylated
levels of IκBα, JNK, and p38 can be detected in human PDLCs with LPS and/or HG situations,
while increased phosphorylated ERK can be seen in cells under only LPS condition. Furthermore,
the non-toxic concentration of BA (10 μM) prevented NF-κB and MAPKs activation and partly but
significantly reversed the induction of COX-2/ PGE2 and iNOS/NO in human PDLCs with LPS
and/or HG loaded.

Conclusion:
BA was proved for the first time to protect human PDLCs from the LPS-induced and/or
HG-induced inflammation, which works through the mechanism involving the action of MAPKs
and NF-κB. signaling pathways. Thus, BA could be used to alleviate diabetic complications of periodontitis.
Pancreatic Macrophages and their Diabetogenic Effects: Highlight on Several
Metabolic Scenarios and Dietary Approach
Authors: Jirillo Emilio , Lisco Giuseppe , Giagulli Vito Angelo , De Pergola Giovanni , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Triggiani Vincenzo 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Evidence shows that a low-grade inflammation sustains type 2 diabetes (T2D). Pancreatic macrophages release cytokines and chemokines that play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of islet damage and destruction of beta-cells.

Pathogenesis:
The authors discuss the main mechanism by which resident (pancreatic) and circulating macrophages regulate beta-cell development and survival in several scenarios, including T2D, type 1 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and insulin resistance. Data are mostly related to in vitro and animal studies.

Natural Products:
Lastly, an overview of the role of the Mediterranean diet components (i.e., polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics, probiotics, and vitamins) will be illustrated as potential agents for reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with T2D when used along with antihyperglycemic treatments.
Berberine: Is it a Promising Agent for Mental Disorders Treatment?
Authors: Shayganfard Mehran 
Published: May 2022

2:
Effective and better-tolerated agents for treatment of most of psychiatric disorders are one of the main challenges. Recently, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants and neuroprotective agents as adjuvant therapy have been shown to be able to take role against the degenerative mechanisms commonly related to psychiatric conditions. Berberine, a biological active alkaloid derived from various plants, represents many pharmacological impacts, such as antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This compound also protects neurons and improves the survival, growth and action of nerve cells due to its high potential for crossing the blood-brain barrier. Ample evidence reported that berberine has been associated with CNS-related disorders including Alzheimer's, cerebral ischemia, mental depression, schizophrenia and anxiety. Thus, in this review we aimed to indicate the effectiveness of berberine on mental disorders.
Evaluation of the Effect of Chelating Arms and Carrier Agents on t he
Radiotoxicity of TAT Agents
Authors: Alvandi Maryam , Farzipour Soghra , Shaghaghi Zahra , Raeispour Marziyeh , Jalali Fatemeh , Yazdi Amirhossein 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) is considered an evolving therapeutic option for cancer
cells, in which a carrier molecule labeling with an α-emitter radionuclide make the bond with a
specific functional or molecular target. α-particles with high Linear Energy Transfer (LET) own
an increased Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) over common β-emitting radionuclides.
Normal tissue toxicity due to non-specific uptake of mother and daughter α-emitter radionuclides
seems to be the main conflict in clinical applications. The present survey reviews the available
preclinical and clinical studies investigating healthy tissue toxicity of the applicable α -emitters
and particular strategies proposed for optimizing targeted alpha therapy success in cancer patients.
Advances in Data Repositories for ncRNA-Protein Interaction Predictions
Based on Machine Learning: A Mini-Review
Authors: Huang Xiaoqian , Yan Jing , Qu Wenyan , Li Xiaoyi , Tan Jianjun 
Published: May 2022

Background:
This study aims at exploring the advances in data repositories for predicting
interactions between non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and corresponding proteins. NcRNAs are a
class of ribonucleic acid that lacks the potential for protein translation. A series of studies indicated
that ncRNAs play critical roles in epigenetic regulations, chromatin remodeling, transcription process,
and post-transcriptional processing. Since ncRNAs function with associated proteins during
complex biological procedures, it is important to identify ncRNA-protein interactions, which will
provide guidance for exploring the internal molecular mechanisms. Recently, a variety of machine
learning methods have emerged, with the lower cost and time-saving advantages compared to experimental
methods. In machine learning, the performance of classification models is often affected by
the quality of input samples and their features.

Aim:
Thus, the study intends to introduce the related data sources used in predicting ncRNAprotein
interactions (ncRPIs) based on machine learning.

Methods:
We searched related literature from different sources, including PubMed, Web of Science,
and Scopus, using the search terms “machine learning”, “repository”, “non-coding RNA”, and “protein”.
In this work, we described the databases applied to the dataset construction and feature representation
in the ncRPIs prediction task.

Results:
This study reviews the application of the benchmark dataset construction and conventional
feature representation during ncRPI prediction processes. Furthermore, the source, main functions,
and development status of each database are also discussed in this work.

Conclusion:
With the development of high-throughput technologies for generating ncRPIs and constructing
related databases, machine learning would become a necessary research means, enriching
the prediction methods of ncRPIs. Due to an increase in improved databases, the resources of molecular
structures, functions, and genetic information for data mining have increased, enhancing the
credibility of ncRPI prediction based on machine learning. We believe that the databases will be
more widely used in disease research, drug development, and many other fields.
Pharmacological Activity and Mechanism of Action of Flavonoids from
Diverse Millettia Plant Organs
Authors: Le Doux Kamto Eutrophe , Kamdem Boniface Pone 
Published: May 2022

Background:
There has been increasing interest in the research of flavonoids from plant
sources because of their versatile effects reported in various biological studies. The bioavailability,
metabolism, and biological activity of flavonoids depend on the configuration, the total number of
hydroxyl groups, and the substitution of functional groups about their nuclear structure. Plant organs
are the main dietary source of flavonoids for humans and have been used as a remedy in traditional
medicine. Some examples include Millettia plants which have been reported to contain several flavonoids
with pharmacological activity against multifactorial diseases.

Aim of the Study:
The present study summarizes up-to-date and comprehensive information on the
pharmacological activity of flavonoids from plants of the genus Millettia.

Methods:
The literature information was obtained from published and unpublished materials (theses,
dissertations, and textbooks), retrieved from databases, such as Science Direct, SciFinder, PubMed
(National Library of Medicine), Scopus, Wiley, American Chemical Society, Springer, and Web of
Science.

Results:
Plants from the genus Millettia contain more than 400 different flavonoids, among which
approximately 100 flavonoids were pharmacologically active in in vitro or in vivo studies. These flavonoids
exhibited antioxidant, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, among others.

Conclusion:
Flavonoids from Millettia plants were reported to exhibit in vitro antioxidant, antiprotozoal,
anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities, etc. These compounds can be used as a starting point for
the development of new agents against multifactorial diseases. However, more in vivo experiments,
cytotoxicity tests, and detailed mechanism of action of Millettia bioactive flavonoids should be investigated.
Biochanin-A: A Bioactive Natural Product with Versatile Therapeutic
Perspectives
Authors: Ramachandran Vadivelan , V Inba Kumar , hr Kiran Kumar , Tiwari Ruchi , Tiwari Gaurav 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Biochanin-A (5,7 dihydroxy 4 methoxy isoflavone), a phytochemical phytoestrogen that serves as a protector/saviour of humans against various diseases. Biochanin-A is a nutritional and dietary isoflavonoid naturally present in red clover, chickpea, soybeans, etc, and various other herbs. The biochanin A possesses numerous biological activities.

Objective:
The study focused on collective data of therapeutic activities of Biochanin-A.

Method:
According to the literature, Biochanin-A revealed range of activities starting from chemoprevention, by hindering cell growth, activation of tumor cell death, hampering metastasis, angiogenic action, cell cycle regulation, neuroprotection, by controlling microglial activation, balancing antioxidants, elevating the neurochemicals, suppressing BACE-1, NADPH oxidase hindrance to inflammation, by mitigating the MAPK and NF- ĸB, discharge of inflammatory markers, up-regulating the PPAR-γ, improving the function of heme oxygenase-1, erythroid 2 nuclear factors, detoxifying the oxygen radicals and stimulating the superoxide dismutase action, and controlling its production of transcription factors. Against pathogens, biochanin-A acts by dephosphorylating tyrosine kinase proteins, obstructing gram-negative bacteria, suppressing the cytokines development from viruses, improving the action of a neuraminidase inhibitor, cleavage of caspase-3, and acts as an efflux pump inhibitor. In metabolic disorders, biochanin-A acts by encouraging transcriptional initiation and inhibition, activating estrogen receptors, increasing the activity of differentiation, autophagy, inflammation, and metabolism of blood glucose.

Conclusion:
Therefore, biochanin-A could be used as a therapeutic drug for various pathological conditions and treatments in humans.
Research Progress on Thermal Runaway Protection of Lithium-Ion
Power Battery
Authors: Lei Zhiguo , Zhai Jiawei , Wang Jiajun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract:
The attention to electric vehicle (EV) development is still a hot topic. As an important
part of EV - power battery, its safety issue is still a major concern. The most recent research on TR
mechanism, inducement, and transmission is initially presented, and then the most recent research
status on TR protection is partially expanded using these concepts. Then the influence of the material
and design of the battery cell components on TR is introduced, and lastly, the safety
measures before and after TR are comprehensively reviewed. This paper serves as a summary of
previous TR research as well as a reference for future TR protection.
Development and Characterization of Nano-Structure Lipid Carrier-Based
Glabridin Cream for Cosmetic Use
Authors: Chauhan Iti , Singh Alok Pratap , Yasir Mohd , Verma Madhu , Majhi Sagarika , Singh Lubhan 
Published: May 2022

Background and Objective:
Glabridin (Glab) is a polyphenolic flavonoid of licorice acclaimed
for its skin whitening properties. However, its poor solubility, low physicochemical stability
and inefficient percutaneous penetration create hurdles in the best use of this agent in dermocosmetic
application. The purpose of the present work was to prepare and evaluate Glabridinloaded
nanostructured lipid carrier (Glab NLC) in order to enhance its skin permeation, and hence,
promote its skin-whitening potential in cosmetic formulations. Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)
has already proven its potential for drug delivery via the skin by offering various benefits, like high
tolerability, biocompatibility, high drug loading, improved stability, and close contact with stratum
corneum, leading to rich skin penetration and protection of bioactive from degradation.

Method:
NLC was prepared by solvent emulsification diffusion technique and was evaluated for
particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, drug loading and encapsulation, and in vitro drug
release. Optimized formulation was incorporated into a cream base, and its skin whitening activity
was evaluated. Glycerol monostearate (GMS) and olive oil were chosen as solid and liquid lipids
for NLC formulation.

Results:
The particle size, PDI, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and drug release of optimized
formulation were found to be 189 nm, 0.259, -14.5mV, 94.56 %, and 98.86 ± 0.80 %, respectively.
The optimized NLC was incorporated into a suitable cream base and evaluated. The skin whitening
activity of Glabridin NLC cream was determined by performing tyrosinase inhibition activity. The
percentage inhibition value of GlabNLC loaded cream and Kojic acid against mushroom tyrosinase
was found to be 60.31% and 52.61%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The obtained results advocate lipid particles as an appropriate carrier of Glabridin for
skin whitening cosmetic cream.
Acceptability and Feasibility of Peer-to-Peer Text Messaging Among Adolescents to Increase Clinic Visits and Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing: Interrupted Times-Series Analysis
Authors: Lightfoot Marguerita , Jackson-Morgan Joi , Pollack Lance , Bennett Ayanna 
Published: May 2022

Background
Adolescents are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Many youths with asymptomatic STI or related symptoms do not seek treatment and may not be screened if accessing the health care system for other reasons.

Objective
We examined intervention completion and changes in the number of new patients, the number of STI or HIV tests, and the sexual risk profile of patients over time to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a peer-driven text messaging strategy to connect youth to STI and HIV services.

Methods
The intervention enlisted consecutive patients at an adolescent medicine clinic to send a text message to 5 peers they believed were sexually active and lived in the clinic’s service area. The intervention was evaluated using an interrupted time-series design in which baseline clinic service levels were documented during a 35-week lead-in period, followed by a 20-week intervention implementation period, and a 16-week period of continued clinic observation. Clinic and patient data were obtained through chart abstraction from intake forms that occurred during the entire study period. Analyses conducted in 2015 used a generalized linear mixed model.

Results
Of the 153 patients approached to participate, 100 agreed to send SMS text messages. Most (n=55, 55%) reported no concerns with sending the text message. No adverse events or negative outcomes were reported. Adolescent STI testing, positive test results, and reported risk behavior increased post intervention, although this was not statistically significant, likely because of the small sample size.

Conclusions
Given low youth uptake of health care services, and STI/HIV screening, in particular, new strategies are needed to address access barriers. Common approaches for reaching youth are resource-intensive and often miss those not connected to school or community programs. The peer-based text messaging strategy showed promise for both increasing the number of youths accessing health services and finding youths engaging in sexual risk behaviors and most in need of sexual health screening and services.
PCSK9 and Cardiovascular Disease in Individuals with Moderately Decreased Kidney Function
Authors: Kheirkhah Azin , Lamina Claudia , Kollerits Barbara , Schachtl-Riess Johanna F. , Schultheiss Ulla T. , Forer Lukas , Sekula Peggy , Kotsis Fruzsina , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Kronenberg Florian 
Published: May 2022

Background and objectives
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of lipid homeostasis. Studies investigating the association between PCSK9 and cardiovascular disease in large cohorts of patients with CKD are limited.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
The association of PCSK9 concentrations with prevalent and incident cardiovascular disease was investigated in 5138 White participants of the German Chronic Kidney Disease study with a median follow-up of 6.5 years. Inclusion criteria were eGFR of 30–60 or >60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in the presence of overt proteinuria (urine albumin-creatinine ratio >300 mg/g or equivalent). Prevalent cardiovascular disease was defined as a history of nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, carotid arteries interventions, and stroke. Incident major adverse cardiovascular disease events included death from cardiovascular causes, acute nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke.

Results
Median PCSK9 concentration in the cohort was 285 ng/ml (interquartile range, 231–346 ng/ml). There was no association between PCSK9 concentrations and baseline eGFR and albuminuria. With each 100-ng/ml increment of PCSK9, the odds for prevalent cardiovascular disease (n=1284) were 1.22-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.34; P<0.001) higher in a model with extended adjustment for major confounders. This association was stronger in nonstatin than statin users (P value for interaction =0.009). During follow-up, 474 individuals experienced a major adverse cardiovascular disease event, and participants in PCSK9 quartiles 2–4 had a 32%–47% higher risk compared with those in quartile 1 (P<0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that this association was restricted to those participants who already had cardiovascular disease at baseline (all hazard ratios >1.75; P=0.01). In addition, PCSK9 showed a valuable gain in classification accuracy for both prevalent cardiovascular disease (net reclassification index =0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.33) and incident major adverse cardiovascular disease events during follow-up (net reclassification index =0.10; 95% confidence interval, 0.01 to 0.21) when added to an extended adjustment model.

Conclusions
Our findings reveal no relation of PCSK9 with baseline eGFR and albuminuria but a significant association between higher PCSK9 concentrations and risk of cardiovascular disease independent of traditional risk factors, including LDL cholesterol levels.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number: German Chronic Kidney Disease Study (GCKD), DRKS 00003971
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL-CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLE GEL FOR THE CONTROLLED NASAL DELIVERY OF NOSCAPINE AGAINST GLIOMA
Authors: DIXIT NOOPUR , TRIVEDI ADITYA , AHIRWAR DHEERAJ 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To synthesize the PEG surface modulated Chitosan Nanoparticles aiding in Pluronic intranasal gel (PEG-CHT-PL) encapsulating cytotoxic noscapine for enhanced anticancer effect against glioma.
Methods: The PEG-CHT-PL was synthesized by inotropic gelation method and evaluated for in vitro characterization parameters such as zeta sizer, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), zeta potential followed by gelling time, Thixotropy and flow index evaluation. The cell uptake assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) evaluation and apoptosis was evaluated on human Glioblastoma U-87 cell line post evaluation by evaluating drug release pattern at 7.4 pH by PBS buffer for stable intranasal brain delivery.
Results: The synthesized PEG-CHT-PL showed nanosize range of 110 nm and a smooth spherical shape with a negative zeta potential of27±1.9 mV. The gel showed stable rheology exhibiting negligible normal deviation in viscosity, Thixotropy and flow index on long-term storage. The drug release pattern followed the Higuchi’s model in 48 h at 7.4pH showed sustained noscapine discharge. The in vitro Glioblastoma U-87 cell line studies showed enhanced cell uptake and distribution, with notable cell toxicity by MTT and apoptosis evaluation confirming significant antitumor efficiency via intranasal delivery.
Conclusion: The present research has showed promising operational intranasal therapy against brain tumor crossing BBB efficiently and can be subjected for an effective antitumor approach in clinical platform in future drug delivery system.
Making the most of cybercrime and fraud crime report data: a case study of UK Action Fraud
Authors: Giro Correia Sara 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionResearchers and public authorities are increasingly exploring the potential of administrative data to generate new insights. This includes recent work leveraging the opportunities of the crime report data collected by the UK's national reporting centre Action Fraud (AF). However, the quality of these data and its implications for data users have not been systematically analysed.
ObjectivesThis paper outlines challenges and opportunities of using AF data in cybercrime and fraud victimisation research and practice and makes recommendations to improve the quality of this dataset.
MethodsThe author has undertaken two studies using samples of AF data pertaining to crime reports within the Welsh police forces, between 2014 and 2020. Quality diagnostic checks, reflections and methodological decisions were considered across each study. These were reviewed, key themes were identified and discussed with data users and a broader group of researchers to finalise the recommendations presented.
ResultsThe strengths and limitations of AF data are discussed and grouped into themes, closely aligned with four quality dimensions widely used by statistical authorities. This includes an assessment of 1) the impact of under-reporting and 2) the purpose and rules of crime recording, on the relevance of the data to its users; 3) the accuracy and reliability of the data; 4) the consistency of recording and its impact on coherence and comparability; and 5) the accessibility and timeliness of the data.
ConclusionsRecommendations are made to improve AF data to generate better quality insights across the dimensions of relevance, accuracy & reliability, coherence & comparability and the accessibility & timeliness of this dataset. Additionally, a data catalogue would enable frontline officers and researchers to make the most of this dataset, harnessing it to produce key insights for crime prevention, investigation, and victim support.