bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Theory of Moving Sources of Heat and Its Application to Metal Treatments
Authors: Rosenthal D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The theory of moving sources of heat has been instrumental in providing the welding engineer with a scientific criterion of weldability of steels. The author outlines briefly the fundamentals of this theory and derives appropriate solutions for linear, two- and three-dimensional flow of heat in solids of infinite size or bounded by planes. Point, linear, and plane sources of heat are examined. The solutions obtained are then applied to welding problems. It is shown that these solutions are in good agreement with the experimental results, and that they afford a close analysis of the factors governing the heat flow in welding. The most interesting result of the theory, however, is the derivation of a single formula capable of predicting the time and rate of cooling with a fairly good accuracy for a wide variety of thicknesses of steel, ranges of temperature, and welding conditions. An attempt has been made also to show how this theory could be applied to other problems of metal treatment, such as rate of extrusion in continuous casting, or control of flame-hardening and continuous quenching operations.
Acid-Cleaning of Boilers and Auxiliary Equipment
Authors: Powell S. T. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Acid-cleaning of equipment has been demonstrated over a long period as a useful and economical means for removing encrustations from boilers and many other types of power-plant equipment. This paper explains the use of various cleaning reagents and inhibitors, the procedure which should be followed, and the precautions to be taken to safeguard both personnel and equipment from the hazards inherent in the process.
Rapid southeastern Laurentide Ice Sheet thinning during the last deglaciation revealed by elevation profiles of in situ cosmogenic 10Be
Authors: Halsted Christopher T. , Bierman Paul R. , Shakun Jeremy D. , Davis P. Thompson , Corbett Lee B. , Caffee Marc W. , Hodgdon Taylor S. , Licciardi Joseph M. 
Published: December 2022

Accurate reconstruction of Laurentide Ice Sheet volume changes following the Last Glacial Maximum is critical for understanding ice sheet contribution to sea-level rise, the resulting influence of meltwater on oceanic circulation, and the spatial and temporal patterns of deglaciation. Here, we provide empirical constraints on Laurentide Ice Sheet thinning during the last deglaciation by measuring in situ cosmogenic 10Be in 81 samples collected along vertical transects of nine mountains in the northeastern United States. In conjunction with 107 exposure age samples over five vertical transects from previous studies, we reconstruct ice sheet thinning history.
At peripheral sites (within 200 km of the terminal moraine), we find evidence for ∼600 m of thinning between 19.5 ka and 17.5 ka, which is coincident with the slow initial margin retreat indicated by varve records. At locations &gt;400 km north of the terminal moraine, exposure ages above and below 1200 m a.s.l. exhibit different patterns. Ages above this elevation are variable and older, while lower elevation ages are indistinguishable over 800−1000 m elevation ranges, a pattern that suggests a subglacial thermal boundary at ∼1200 m a.s.l. separating erosive, warm-based ice below and polythermal, minimally erosive ice above. Low-elevation ages from up-ice mountains are between 15 ka and 13 ka, which suggests rapid thinning of ∼1000 m coincident with Bølling-Allerød warming. These rates of rapid paleo-ice thinning are comparable to those of other vertical exposure age transects around the world and may have been faster than modern basin-wide thinning rates in Antarctica and Greenland, which suggests that the southeastern Laurentide Ice Sheet was highly sensitive to a warming climate.
Mantle Structure and Processes in Transition Zone of the Baikal Rift Zone
Authors: Vinnik L. P. , Oreshin S. I. , Makeyeva L. I. , Mordvinova V. V. , Tsydypova L. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The velocity structure of the mantle under the Baikal Rift Zone (BRZ) is investigated with the P‑wave receiver functions (PRFs) for a group of 10 seismograph stations. The BRZ presents one of the world’s most active continental rift zones. The peculiarities of the BRZ include Cenozoic magmatism in the upper mantle of the southwestern part of the BRZ, which disappears in the central and northeastern parts. The analysis of seismic data reveals other indications of the significant lateral heterogeneity of the mantle beneath the BRZ. At half of the stations there is evidence of a sharp rise of the S velocity with depth at a depth of around 330 km, similar to the descriptions for the “X” or the “300-km” discontinuity. In the central and northeastern regions at depths from about 350 to 410 km there is a well pronounced low S velocity layer, which is practically missing in the southwestern part. The origin of this layer is apparently related to the upwelling and dehydration of wadsleyite in the transition zone. At depths from 500–600 to 660 km in the central and northeastern regions there is another low velocity layer that may be explained by the accumulation of garnetite in the process of subduction of the lithosphere of the Pacific. This layer is poorly pronounced in the southwestern region. The difference between the travel times of the P410s and P660s seismic phases (differential time) in the southwestern region (23.5 s) is close to the data for the standard model (Kennett, Engdahl, 1991). In the central and northeastern regions, the observed differential time is larger than the nominal time by 1.0 s. The rise of the differential time may be related to the cooling and/or hydration of the transition zone by the slabs of the subducted oceanic lithosphere. The obtained seismic data suggest a large role of processes of hydration and dehydration in the central and northeastern regions, however, this role is comparatively small in the southwestern region.
Treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) or dysthymic disorder (DD) in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Han Ji Min , Choi Won Seuk , Choi Hyun , Jang Bo-Hyoung , Kim Hyun-Jin , Son Chi Hyoung , Park Ji Young , Kim Ye Soon , Jang Hyo Jin , Kim Jung Hwan 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionAlthough various treatments exist for depression in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), the comparative effects and relationships between these treatments have not been clearly presented. This study aims to present comprehensive evidence for the treatment of major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder in patients with SCI by comparing the therapeutic and adverse effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments through a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Methods and analysisWe will search for studies in five databases (Medline, Central, Embase, PsycINFO and CHINAL) as well as clinical trial registries (US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (www.who.int/trialsearch)) and grey literature (Google Scholar). The references of the included studies, previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses will be reviewed. Study selection, data extraction and quality and risk of bias assessments will be independently performed by two authors (JMH and WSC), and disagreements will be resolved by discussion with JHK. Moreover, a Bayesian network meta-analysis will be performed using R software.Ethics and disseminationOur systematic review and network meta-analysis will be performed based on existing studies; thus, we did not seek ethical approval. Our results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at both domestic and international conferences.
Prevalence of possible sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yao Jiaqin , Wang Yaoting , Yang Lin , Ren Mengting , Li Lingyan , Wang Hongyu 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of possible sarcopenia and its association with other conditions in older adults in Bengbu, China.Design, setting and participantsA cross-sectional study of 1082 community-dwelling Chinese people aged at least 60 years from March to June 2022.MethodsHandgrip strength and information regarding associated conditions were collected. Possible sarcopenia was estimated based on handgrip strength with cut-off values (<28 kg in men; <18 kg in women) recommended by the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia in 2019. Mann-Whitney U tests, χ2tests and binary logistic regression analyses were used to explore relationships between possible sarcopenia and associated conditions.ResultsPossible sarcopenia was more prevalent in men (52.79%, n=246, age 79.43±7.33 years among men with possible sarcopenia) than in women (44.48%, n=274, age 78.90±7.71 years among women with possible sarcopenia). In men, possible sarcopenia positively correlated with high age (OR 2.658, 95% CI 1.758 to 4.019), physical inactivity (OR 2.779, 95% CI 1.646 to 4.691) and diabetes (OR 4.269, 95% CI 2.397 to 7.602), and negatively with hypertension (OR 0.586, 95% CI 0.384 to 0.893). The risk of possible sarcopenia in men decreased by 12.6% for every 1 kg/m2increase of body mass index (OR 0.874, 95% CI 0.817 to 0.935). In women, possible sarcopenia positively correlated with high age (OR 3.821, 95% CI 2.677 to 5.455), physical inactivity (OR 2.185, 95% CI 1.488 to 3.210) and arthritis (OR 2.076, 95% CI 1.411 to 3.056).ConclusionPossible sarcopenia is prevalent in older adults and the factors affecting possible sarcopenia are different in men and women. Health education about these target factors can be considered as a potential measure to prevent possible sarcopenia.
Naldemedine versus placebo in opioid-induced constipation: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wobbe Bastian , Gerner Maximilian , Köhne Claus-Henning 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveOpioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a frequent adverse event among patients receiving chronic pain therapy that is requiring opioids. Naldemedine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat OIC and appears to be more efficient than any other peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonist. This meta-analysis aimed at assessing the available data on naldemedine in terms of efficacy.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed and ClinicalTrials on 24 May 2022 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing naldemedine to placebo among patients reporting OIC.ResultsEvaluation of 6 RCTs enrolling 2769 participants showed significantly greater respondence to treatment (OR=2.48; 95% CI: 2.02 to 3.06; p<0.00001), change in weekly spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) (mean difference=1.45; 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.76; p<0.00001), complete SBMs (mean difference=0.89; 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.17; p<0.00001) and SBMs without straining (mean difference=0.89; 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.17; p<0.00001) for patients treated with naldemedine. We found no difference in numeric pain rating scales after one (mean difference=0.05; 95% CI: −0.22 to 0.31; p=0.73) and two weeks of treatment (mean difference= −0.04; 95% CI: −0.31 to 0.22; p=0.75). Funding and clinical diversity were possible risks of bias.ConclusionsNaldemedine improves a variety of bowel function parameters while preserving analgesia, confirming its efficacy for patients with OIC. However, head-to-head trials are needed to establish naldemedine as treatment of first choice for laxative-refractory OIC.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022281353.
The Cytokine and Bone Protein Expression by Ellagic Acid-Hydroxyapatite in Bone Remodelling Model
Authors: Primasari Dyah Noviana , Nirwana Intan , Budi Hendrik Setia , Wardhana Agung Satria , Sari Annisa Fitria , Novita Novita , Setyawan Andika Putri , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Shariff Khairul Anuar 
Published: December 2022

Objective. Ellagic acid, a phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory potential, can be used to accelerate the bone healing process and affect human health, while hydroxyapatite is the most commonly used bone graft material. Using a combination of the two materials results in reduced inflammation and increased osteogenesis. This study aimed to determine the effects of combining ellagic acid and hydroxyapatite in bone marker remodelling by analysing the expression of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 10 (IL-10), bone morphogenetic 4 protein (BMP-4), and osteopontin (OPN). Methods. Thirty Wistar rats were used in the study. A defect was created in each animal’s femur using a low-speed diamond bur. In the control group, the bone was then treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In one of the other groups, the bone was treated with hydroxyapatite, and in the other, with ellagic acid-hydroxyapatite. The femur was biopsied 7 days after the procedure and again 14 days after the procedure, and an indirect immunohistochemical (IHC) examination was performed for TNF-α, IL-10, BMP-4, and OPN expression. Results. The ellagic acid-hydroxyapatite decreased TNF-α expression in the bone tissue after 7 days and again after 14 days (

p

< 0.05). On the other hand, it increased IL-10, BMP-4, and OPN expression (

p

< 0.05) during the same time periods. Conclusion. Ellagic acid-hydroxyapatite plays a role in bone marker remodelling by decreasing the expression of TNF-α and increasing the expression of IL-10, BMP-4, and OPN. This hydroxyapatite combination can therefore be recommended for use as bone graft material.
Eliminating Senescent Cells Can Promote Pulmonary Hypertension Development and Progression
Authors: Born Emmanuelle , Lipskaia Larissa , Breau Marielle , Houssaini Amal , Beaulieu Delphine , Marcos Elisabeth , Pierre Remi , Do Cruzeiro Marcio , Lefevre Marine , Derumeaux Genevieve , Bulavin Dmitry V. , Delcroix Marion , Quarck Rozenn , Reen Virinder , Gil Jesus , Bernard David , Flaman Jean-Michel , Adnot Serge , Abid Shariq 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Senescent cells (SCs) are involved in proliferative disorders, but their role in pulmonary hypertension remains undefined. We investigated SCs in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and the role of SCs in animal pulmonary hypertension models.

Methods:

We investigated senescence (p16, p21) and DNA damage (γ-H2AX, 53BP1) markers in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and murine models. We monitored p16 activation by luminescence imaging in p16-luciferase (p16
LUC/+
) knock-in mice. SC clearance was obtained by a suicide gene (p16 promoter–driven killer gene construct in p16-ATTAC mice), senolytic drugs (ABT263 and cell-permeable FOXO4-p53 interfering peptide [FOXO4-DRI]), and p16 inactivation in p16
LUC/LUC
mice. We investigated pulmonary hypertension in mice exposed to normoxia, chronic hypoxia, or hypoxia+Sugen, mice overexpressing the serotonin transporter (SM22-5-HTT
+
), and rats given monocrotaline.

Results:

Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension compared with controls exhibited high lung p16, p21, and γ-H2AX protein levels, with abundant vascular cells costained for p16, γ-H2AX, and 53BP1. Hypoxia increased thoracic bioluminescence in p16
LUC/+
mice. In wild-type mice, hypoxia increased lung levels of senescence and DNA-damage markers, senescence-associated secretory phenotype components, and p16 staining of pulmonary endothelial cells (P-ECs, 30% of lung SCs in normoxia), and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. SC elimination by suicide gene or ABT263 increased the right ventricular systolic pressure and hypertrophy index, increased vessel remodeling (higher dividing proliferating cell nuclear antigen–stained vascular cell counts during both normoxia and hypoxia), and markedly decreased lung P-ECs. Pulmonary hemodynamic alterations and lung P-EC loss occurred in older p16
LUC/LUC
mice, wild-type mice exposed to Sugen or hypoxia+Sugen, and SM22-5-HTT
+
mice given either ABT263 or FOXO4-DRI, compared with relevant controls. The severity of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats was decreased slightly by ABT263 for 1 week but was aggravated at 3 weeks, with loss of P-ECs.

Conclusions:
Elimination of senescent P-ECs by senolytic interventions may worsen pulmonary hemodynamics. These results invite consideration of the potential impact on pulmonary vessels of strategies aimed at controlling cell senescence in various contexts.
Race, Sex, and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disparities in Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia Within a National Medicare Cohort
Authors: Kipp Ryan , Kalscheur Matthew , Sheehy Ann M. , Bartels Christie M. , Kind Amy J. H. , Powell W. Ryan 
Published: December 2022

Background
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation significantly improves our ability to control VT, yet little is known about whether disparities exist in delivery of this technology.

Methods and Results
Using a national 100% Medicare inpatient data set of beneficiaries admitted with VT from January 1, 2014, through November 30, 2014, multivariable logistic regression techniques were used to examine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with receiving ablation. Census block group‐level neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was measured for each patient by the Area Deprivation Index, a composite measure of socioeconomic disadvantage consisting of education, income, housing, and employment factors. Among 131 645 patients admitted with VT, 2190 (1.66%) received ablation. After adjustment for comorbidities, hospital characteristics, and sociodemographics, female sex (odds ratio [OR], 0.75 [95% CI, 0.67–0.84]), identifying as Black race (OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.62–0.90] compared with identifying as White race), and living in a highly socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhood (national Area Deprivation Index percentile of >85%) (OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.69–0.95] versus Area Deprivation Index ≤85%) were associated with significantly lower odds of receiving ablation.

Conclusions
Female patients, patients identifying as Black race, and patients living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods are 19% to 25% less likely to receive ablation during hospitalization with VT. The cause of and solutions for these disparities require further investigation.
Prior Myocardial Infarction and Treatment Effect of Ticagrelor Versus Prasugrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes ‐ A Post‐hoc Analysis of the ISAR‐REACT 5 Trial
Authors: Lahu Shqipdona , Scalamogna Maria , Ndrepepa Gjin , Menichelli Maurizio , Valina Christian , Hemetsberger Rayyan , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Bernlochner Isabell , Joner Michael , Xhepa Erion , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Kufner Sebastian , Sager Hendrik B. , Mayer Katharina , Kessler Thorsten , Laugwitz Karl‐Ludwig , Richardt Gert , Schunkert Heribert , Neumann Franz‐Josef , Kastrati Adnan , Cassese Salvatore 
Published: December 2022

Background
The efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus prasugrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome and prior myocardial infarction (MI) remain unstudied. We aimed to assess the treatment effect of ticagrelor versus prasugrel according to prior MI status in patients with ACS.

Methods and Results

Patients with acute coronary syndrome planned for an invasive strategy and randomized to ticagrelor or prasugrel in the ISAR‐REACT (Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen: Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment) 5 trial were included. The primary end point was the composite of 1‐year all‐cause death, MI, or stroke; the secondary safety end point was the composite of 1‐year Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 to 5 bleeding. The study included 4015 patients (prior MI=631 patients; no prior MI=3384 patients). As compared with patients without prior MI, the primary end point occurred more frequently in patients with prior MI (12.6% versus 7.2%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.78 [95% CI, 1.38–2.29]); the secondary safety end point appears to differ little between patients with and without prior MI (5.8% versus 5.7%, respectively; HR, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.71–1.45]). With regard to the primary end point, ticagrelor versus prasugrel was associated with an HR of 1.62 (95% CI, 1.03–2.55) in patients with prior MI and an HR of 1.28 (95% CI, 0.99–1.65) in patients without prior MI (
P
int
=0.37). With regard to the secondary safety end point, ticagrelor versus prasugrel was associated with an HR of 1.28 (95% CI, 0.56–2.91) in patients with prior MI and an HR of 1.13 (95% CI, 0.82–1.55) in patients without prior MI (
P
int
=0.79).

Conclusions
Patients with acute coronary syndrome and prior MI are at higher risk for recurrent ischemic but not bleeding events. Prasugrel is superior to ticagrelor in reducing the risk of ischemic events without a tradeoff in bleeding regardless of prior MI status.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01944800.
Peak Work Rate Increases With Lower Extremity‐Focused Exercise Training in Adolescents With Fontan Circulation
Authors: Avitabile Catherine M. , McBride Michael G. , Zhang Xuemei , Ampah Steve , Goldstein Bryan H. , Alsaied Tarek , Wittekind Samuel G. , Whitehead Kevin K. , Zemel Babette S. , Paridon Stephen M. 
Published: December 2022

Background
Skeletal muscle deficits are associated with worse exercise performance in the Fontan circulation and may be improved by exercise training. We aimed to assess the change in leg lean mass (a marker of skeletal muscle), exercise performance, and functional health status after a lower extremity‐focused exercise intervention in adolescents with Fontan circulation.

Methods and Results

Densitometry for measurement of leg lean mass, cardiopulmonary exercise test, exercise cardiac magnetic resonance, peripheral vascular testing, physical activity questionnaire, and quality of life assessment were performed at baseline and after a 24‐week, hybrid center‐ and home‐based training program. Leg lean mass Z‐scores were generated, and exercise parameters were expressed as percentage expected based on reference data. The effect of training was assessed by paired t‐tests and simple linear regression. Twenty participants (15.6±1.7 years, 50% male) demonstrated low baseline leg lean mass Z‐scores with no significant improvement with training (−1.38±1.02 pre versus −1.31±1.06 post,
P
=0.33). Maximum and percent predicted work increased from 121.9±29.8 (0.66±0.12) to 131.3±35.1 (0.70±0.15) watts (
P
=0.02). Peak respiratory exchange ratio increased (1.19±0.02 versus 1.25±0.01,
P
=0.02) but percent predicted oxygen consumption was unchanged, suggesting higher anaerobic activity after training. Physical activity questionnaire score positively associated with peak work at baseline (ß=18.13 [95% CI, 0.83–35.44],
R
2
=0.21;
P
=0.04) but physical activity questionnaire, quality of life scores, exercise cardiac magnetic resonance performance, and peripheral vascular function were unchanged with training.

Conclusions
Peak work rate and anaerobic activity increased with lower extremity‐focused training in adolescents with Fontan circulation. Larger studies should test the impact of these changes on functional status and quality of life.