bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erwartungsfokussierte psychotherapeutische Interventionen bei Depression: ein Behandlungsmanual
Authors: Wilhelm Marcel , Bleichhardt Gaby , Ewen Anne-Catherine , Rief Winfried 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) ist bei Depression langfristig wirksam, jedoch besteht Verbesserungsbedarf. In der Forschung zum Placeboeffekt und der Neurowissenschaft wird die zentrale Bedeutung von Erwartungen immer deutlicher. Neue Therapieansätze zur Modifikation dysfunktionaler Erwartungen (erwartungsfokussierte psychotherapeutische Interventionen, EFPI) scheinen ein vielversprechender Baustein zur Verbesserung der klassischen KVT zu sein.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die wesentlichen Bausteine eines EFPI-Behandlungsmanuals bei Depression werden vorgestellt.

Material und Methoden
Das Manual ist auf 24 Sitzungen (Kurzzeittherapie) ausgelegt. Es umfasst 5 Sitzungen Psychoedukation zu Erwartungsformulierung, -überprüfung und -verletzung sowie zur kognitiven Immunisierung (nachträgliche Umbewertung erwartungsverletzender Erfahrungen). Nach der Psychoedukation folgt eine Phase, in der in jeder Sitzung ein Verhaltensexperiment durchgeführt oder geplant wird. Die Verhaltensexperimente sollen zentrale krankheitsaufrechterhaltende Erwartungen herausfordern („Erwartungsverletzung“). Zusätzlich werden kognitive Immunisierungsstrategien besprochen und nach Möglichkeit verhindert. In der letzten Sitzung erfolgen eine Zusammenfassung und Konsolidierung des Erarbeiteten im Sinne einer Rückfallprophylaxe. Das Manual wurde in einer kleinen Pilotstudie (n = 5) erprobt.

Ergebnisse
Die EFPI-Therapie wurde von allen Beteiligten gut angenommen. Eine umfassende Evaluation erfolgt derzeit.

Diskussion
Das EFPI-Manual stellt die Fokussierung einer KVT auf möglichst viele, deutliche Erwartungsüberprüfungen bei zusätzlicher Adressierung kognitiver Immunisierung dar. Gezielt können persistierende, dysfunktionale Erwartungen von Personen mit Depression behandelt werden.
High-resolution wind speed forecast system coupling numerical weather prediction and machine learning for agricultural studies — a case study from South Korea
Authors: Shin Ju-Young , Min Byunghoon , Kim Kyu Rang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractForecasting wind speed near the surface with high-spatial resolution is beneficial in agricultural management. There is a discrepancy between the wind speed information required for agricultural management and that produced by weather agencies. To improve crop yield and increase farmers’ incomes, wind speed prediction systems must be developed that are customized for agricultural needs. The current study developed a high-resolution wind speed forecast system for agricultural purposes in South Korea. The system produces a wind speed forecast at 3 m aboveground with 100-m spatial resolution across South Korea. Logarithmic wind profile, power law, random forests, support vector regression, and extreme learning machine were tested as candidate methods for the downscaling wind speed data. The wind speed forecast system developed in this study provides good performance, particularly in inland areas. The machine learning–based methods give the better performance than traditional methods for downscaling wind speed data. Overall, the random forests are considered the best downscaling method in this study. Root mean square error and mean absolute error of wind speed prediction for 48 h using random forests are approximately 0.8 m/s and 0.5 m/s, respectively.
Dynamic scheduling of heterogeneous resources across mobile edge-cloud continuum using fruit fly-based simulated annealing optimization scheme
Authors: Gabi Danlami , Dankolo Nasiru Muhammad , Muslim Abubakar Atiku , Abraham Ajith , Joda Muhammad Usman , Zainal Anazida , Zakaria Zalmiyah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAchieving sustainable profit advantage, cost reduction and resource utilization are always a bottleneck for resource providers, especially when trying to meet the computing needs of resource hungry applications in mobile edge-cloud (MEC) continuum. Recent research uses metaheuristic techniques to allocate resources to large-scale applications in MECs. However, some challenges attributed to the metaheuristic techniques include entrapment at the local optima caused by premature convergence and imbalance between the local and global searches. These may affect resource allocation in MECs if continually implemented. To address these concerns and ensure efficient resource allocation in MECs, we propose a fruit fly-based simulated annealing optimization scheme (FSAOS) to serve as a potential solution. In the proposed scheme, the simulated annealing is incorporated to balance between the global and local search and to overcome its premature convergence. We also introduce a trade-off factor to allow application owners to select the best service quality that will minimize their execution cost. Implementation of the FSAOS is carried out on EdgeCloudSim Simulator tool. Simulation results show that the FSAOS can schedule resources effectively based on tasks requirement by returning minimum makespan and execution costs, and achieve better resource utilization compared to the conventional fruit fly optimization algorithm and particle swarm optimization. To further unveil how efficient the FSAOSs, a statistical analysis based on 95% confidential interval is carried out. Numerical results show that FSAOS outperforms the benchmark schemes by achieving higher confidence level. This is an indication that the proposed FSAOS can provide efficient resource allocation in MECs while meeting customers’ aspirations as well as that of the resource providers.
On the Mechanism Responsible for Extreme Turbulence Intensity Generation in the Hi-Pilot Burner
Authors: Boxx Isaac G. , Skiba Aaron W. , Carter Campbell D. , Ceschin Alberto , Pérez Francisco E. Hernández , Im Hong G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, we apply particle image velocimetry (PIV), hot-wire anemometry (HWA), and large-eddy simulation (LES) to identify and characterize a key mechanism by which high-intensity turbulence measured in the “Hi-Pilot” burner is generated. Large-scale oscillation of the high-velocity jet core about its own mean axial centerline is identified as a dominant feature of the turbulent flow field produced by this piloted Bunsen burner. This oscillation is linked to unsteady flow separation along the expanding section of the reactant nozzle and appears stochastic in nature. It occurs over a range of frequencies (100–300 Hz) well below where the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) spectrum begins to follow a – 5/3 power law and results in a flow with significant scale separation in the TKE spectrum. Although scale separation and intermittency are not unusual in turbulent flows, this insight should inform analysis and interpretation of previous, and future studies of this unique test case.
Interaction between sex and left ventricular reverse remodeling and its association with outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Kuneman Jurrien H. , Butcher Steele C. , Stassen Jan , Singh Gurpreet K. , Pio Stephan M. , van der Kley Frank , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Knuuti Juhani , Bax Jeroen J. , Delgado Victoria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWomen with severe aortic stenosis (AS) have better long-term prognosis after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) compared to men. Whether this is caused by sex-related differences in left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling after TAVI is unknown. Patients with severe AS who underwent transfemoral TAVI between 2007 and 2018 were selected. LV dimensions, volumes, and ejection fraction (LVEF) were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography before TAVI and at 6 and 12 months follow-up after TAVI. LV reverse remodeling was defined as the percentual LV mass index (LVMi) reduction compared to baseline. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. A total of 459 patients (80 ± 8 years; 52% male) were included. At 6 and 12 months follow-up, both sexes showed significant reductions in LV volumes and LVMi accompanied by improvement in LVEF, without significant differences between the sexes over time. During a median follow-up of 2.8 [IQR 1.9–4.3] years, 181 (39%) patients died. Women showed better outcomes compared to men (log-rank p = 0.024). In addition, male sex was independently associated with all-cause mortality in multivariable Cox regression (HR 1.423, 95% CI 1.039–1.951, p = 0.028). No association was observed between the interaction of percentual LVMi reduction and sex with outcomes (p = 0.64). Men and women with severe AS had similar improvement in LVEF, and similar reductions in LV volumes and LVMi at 6 and 12 months after TAVI. Women showed better survival after TAVI as compared to men. The superior outcomes noted in women after TAVI are not associated with sex differences in LV reverse remodeling.
Graphical abstract
A reassessment of the potential for loss-framed incentive contracts to increase productivity: a meta-analysis and a real-effort experiment
Authors: Ferraro Paul J. , Tracy J. Dustin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSubstantial productivity increases have been reported when incentives are framed as losses rather than gains. Loss-framed contracts have also been reported to be preferred by workers. The results from our meta-analysis and real-effort experiment challenge these claims. The meta-analysis’ summary effect size of loss framing is a 0.16 SD increase in productivity. Whereas the summary effect size in laboratory experiments is a 0.33 SD, the summary effect size from field experiments is 0.02 SD. We detect evidence of publication biases among laboratory experiments. In a new laboratory experiment that addresses prior design weaknesses, we estimate an effect size of 0.12 SD. This result, in combination with the meta-analysis, suggests that the difference between the effect size estimates in laboratory and field experiments does not stem from the limited external validity of laboratory experiments, but may instead stem from a mix of underpowered laboratory designs and publication biases. Moreover, in our experiment, most workers preferred the gain-framed contract and the increase in average productivity is only detectable in the subgroup of workers (~ 20%) who preferred the loss-framed contracts. Based on the results from our experiment and meta-analysis, we believe that behavioral scientists should better assess preferences for loss-framed contracts and the magnitude of their effects on productivity before advocating for greater use of such contracts among private and public sector actors.
Statistical Inference of Prehistoric Demography from Frequency Distributions of Radiocarbon Dates: A Review and a Guide for the Perplexed
Authors: Crema E. R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe last decade saw a rapid increase in the number of studies where time–frequency changes of radiocarbon dates have been used as a proxy for inferring past population dynamics. Although its universal and straightforward premise is appealing and undoubtedly offers some unique opportunities for research on long-term comparative demography, practical applications are far from trivial and riddled with issues pertaining to the very nature of the proxy under examination. Here I review the most common criticisms concerning the nature of radiocarbon time–frequency data as a demographic proxy, focusing on key statistical and inferential challenges. I then examine and compare recent methodological advances in the field by grouping them into three approaches: reconstructive, null-hypothesis significance testing, and model fitting. I will then conclude with some general recommendations for applying these techniques in archaeological and paleo-demographic research.
Absolute intragenerational mobility in the United States, 1962–2014
Authors: Berman Yonatan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper combines historical cross-sectional and longitudinal data in the United States to study the evolution of absolute intragenerational mobility over periods of four years. Absolute intragenerational mobility over such periods is procyclical and is largely confined within 45%–55%. We also find that absolute mobility decreases with income. Individuals and families occupying the lower ranks of the income distribution have a higher probability of increasing their income over short time periods than those occupying higher ranks. This also occurs during periods of increasing inequality. Our findings stem from the importance of the changes in the composition of income ranks. These changes are over and above mechanical labor market dynamics, such as entering and exiting the labor force, and life cycle effects. We offer a simplified model to mathematically describe these findings.
Blow-up of waves on singular spacetimes with generic spatial metrics
Authors: Fajman David , Urban Liam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe study the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the linear wave equation on cosmological spacetimes with Big Bang singularities and show that appropriately rescaled waves converge against a blow-up profile. Our class of spacetimes includes Friedman–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetimes with negative sectional curvature that solve the Einstein equations in the presence of a perfect irrotational fluid with $$p=(\gamma -1)\rho $$

p
=
(
γ
-
1
)
ρ

. As such, these results are closely related to the still open problem of past nonlinear stability of such FLRW spacetimes within the Einstein scalar field equations. In contrast to earlier works, our results hold for spatial metrics of arbitrary geometry, hence indicating that the matter blow-up in the aforementioned problem is not dependent on spatial geometry. Additionally, we use the energy estimates derived in the proof in order to formulate open conditions on the initial data that ensure a non-trivial blow-up profile, for initial data sufficiently close to the Big Bang singularity and with less harsh assumptions for $$\gamma <2$$

γ
<
2

.
Investigating the multimedia pointing techniques in the tabletop-centric cross-device interaction
Authors: Huang Zheng , Li Yi-Na , Kong Jun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGroup collaboration needs the support of a digital interaction system composed of a tabletop-centric shared display and individual operational physical cursors and mobile devices. We examine the usability of a fundamental function of the system, i.e., the pointing techniques. Direct pointing refers to the selection with a cursor placed on the target object, and proximity pointing requires the cursor nearby the target object. The empirical evidence from sixty-two participants shows that the direct pointing technique, although proved as the best choice in single device interaction, is inferior to proximity pointing in cross-device interaction in completion time and operation correctness. We also examine how the display for confirmation on mobile devices fits for pointing technique, discuss how users habituated to single device interaction adapt to cross-device interaction, and suggest guidelines for the design practice.
Soil moisture level and substrate type determine long-term seed lifespan in a soil seed bank
Authors: Mašková Tereza , Phartyal Shyam S. , Abedi Mehdi , Bartelheimer Maik , Poschlod Peter 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Aims

Seeds are usually classified as short- or long-term persistent. It is still hardly understood how environmental conditions influence seed persistence. The study aimed to monitor the long-term effects of different moisture and substrate on seed persistence.

Methods
Seeds of three Rumex species buried in autumn 2009 in combinations of moisture and substrate were exhumed in spring 2015 and 2021 to test their persistence in the soil after 5.5 and 11.5 years, respectively. Long-term persistence data were compared with data from previous short-term experiment for the same species and environmental conditions reported in Abedi et al. (Plant Soil 374:485-495, 2014).

Results
No seeds of R. acetosa were found viable after 1.5 years. Seeds of R. acetosella retained viability after 11.5 years mostly in dry-loam (~ 60%) and moist-sand (~ 25%) test conditions and moisture levels were identified as the main driver. R. maritimus retained ≥ 80% viability in moist and wet test conditions and > 40% in the dry test conditions.

Conclusions
For one (R. acetosella) of the three investigated species, the classification of soil seed bank type depended on environmental conditions, emphasizing the need to introduce a more detailed classification scheme for soil seed persistence and to include the information about extrinsic parameters in databases. However, in the other two species with transient (R. acetosa) and long-term persistent (R. maritimus) seed banks, there are rather intrinsic parameters that affect seed viability. Hence, both site-specific environmental factors as well as seed germination traits need full consideration in the classification of future soil seed bank studies.
A First Class Measure: Evidence for a Comprehensive Social Class Scale in Higher Education Populations
Authors: Evans Olivia , McGuffog Romany , Gendi Monica , Rubin Mark 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite social class being a burgeoning area of research in the higher education literature, there is no single comprehensive measure of social class in university student populations. Most previous research has included objective single-item measures (e.g., parent education or occupation) to assess social class and then sorted students into distinct social class categories using these items. Such approaches do not adequately capture the complexity and nuance of class, and they ignore the subjective and social components involved. The present paper reports the development and validation of an 11-item Comprehensive Social Class Scale (CSCS) that uses a mix of objective and subjective items to assess multiple aspects of social class, including education level, occupational prestige, family affluence, social class identity and subjective social status. Across 12 samples (N = 4926), we provide evidence for a single factor structure of the CSCS and demonstrate aspects of its reliability and validity. We conclude by discussing some limitations and suggestions for use of the CSCS in higher education populations.
Softwood-derived Biochar as a Green Material for the Recovery of Environmental Media Contaminated with Potentially Toxic Elements
Authors: Pinna Maria Vittoria , Lauro Gian Paolo , Diquattro Stefania , Garau Matteo , Senette Caterina , Castaldi Paola , Garau Giovanni 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this study, the effectiveness of softwood-derived biochar (BC) in the retention of potentially toxic elements (PTE, i.e., Cu(II), Pb(II), As(V), and Sb(V)) was evaluated at different pH values (4.5, 6.0, and 7.0), along with its capacity to alleviate PTE phytotoxicity. At all pH values, sorption and kinetic isotherms followed the trend: Pb(II) (e.g., ~ 0.56 mmol g−1at pH 6.0) > Cu(II) (e.g., ~ 0.33 mmol g−1at pH 6.0) > As(V) (e.g., ~ 0.29 mmol g−1at pH 6.0) > Sb(V) (e.g. ~ 0.24 mmol g−1at pH 6.0). Kinetic data strongly correlated with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation; Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models suggested monolayer sorption of Cu(II), Pb(II), and As(V) onto the BC surface and the interaction of Sb(V) with BC sites characterized by distinct sorption energy (i.e., multilayer sorption). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of PTE-saturated BC showed that Pb(II) was mainly associated with O, Sb(V) with Ca and Fe, while Cu(II) and As(V) with Fe and O. This suggested that hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups, amorphous Fe oxy-hydroxides, as well as PTE precipitation with BC components were likely responsible for BC sorption capacity. Treatment of PTE-saturated BC with Ca(NO3)2and a range of environmentally relevant organic acids indicated that 6–11% of PTE were loosely bound and easily exchangeable, while up to 60% could be mobilized by the organic acids. Hydroponic plant-growth experiments using triticale plants showed that BC stimulated plant growth in the presence of PTE and reduced their phytotoxicity.
Process Improvement of Continuous Induction Welding of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Becker S. , Mitschang P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractContinuous induction welding is particularly suitable for joining carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPC) with thermoplastic matrix, as the energy required for melting the thermoplastic matrix is introduced without contact and leads to intrinsic volumetric heating of the adherends. However, the great potential of fast heating cannot be fully exploited. Therefore, a process improvement of continuous induction welding was carried out, which follows three complementary approaches. The first approach provides for the development of an adapted laminate structure. Compared to a conventional CFRPC laminate, the adapted laminate shows a heating in the joining zone that is approx. 16 K/s faster. The second approach intends to improve the currently used cooling system to cool the induction coil faced laminate surface. Spray cooling proved to be the most suitable method. Compared to pressurized air cooling, it was possible to achieve a temperature difference between the joining zone and the inductor faced laminate surface that was approximately twice as large. The third approach aims at the simulation-based improvement of the consolidation phase. This model can be used to determine the joining pressure and pressure time required to achieve intimate contact.
The Modal-Epistemic Argument Defended: Reply to Wintein
Authors: Rutten Emanuel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, Stefan Wintein published an article in which he presents four objections to my modal-epistemic argument for the existence of God. His first objection is an alleged counterexample to the argument’s first premise, and the second objection is an alleged counterexample to the argument’s second premise. Wintein’s third objection attempts to show that the modal-epistemic argument is circular. Finally, the fourth objection is a parody objection. In this paper, I show that Wintein’s four objections all fail.
Gastric herpes simplex virus type 1 infection is associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders in the presence and absence of comorbid fibromyalgia: a pilot case–control study
Authors: Duffy Carol , Pridgen William L. , Whitley Richard J. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Animal studies have linked gastric herpesvirus infections to symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Herpesviruses have also been hypothesized to contribute to fibromyalgia (FM), a chronic pain syndrome frequently comorbid with FGIDs. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of gastric herpesvirus infection in patients with FGIDs, with and without comorbid FM, to that of controls.

Methods
For this pilot case–control study, we enrolled 30 patients who met both the Rome IV diagnostic criteria for one or more FGIDs and the American College of Rheumatology 2010 criteria for FM, 15 patients with one or more FGIDs without comorbid FM, and 15 control patients. Following endoscopic examination, gastric biopsies were analyzed for herpesvirus DNA and protein, Helicobacter pylori infection, and histological evidence of gastritis. Importantly, the viral nonstructural protein ICP8 was used as a marker to differentiate cell-associated actively replicating virus from latent infection and/or free virus passing through the GI tract.

Results
Gastric herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, as indicated by ICP8 presence, was significantly associated with FGIDs in the presence (OR 70.00, 95% CI 7.42–660.50; P < .001) and absence (OR 38.50, 95% CI 3.75–395.40; P < .001) of comorbid FM. Neither histological gastritis nor H. pylori infection were found to be associated with FGIDs or FM.

Conclusions
HSV-1 infection was identified in gastric mucosal biopsies from patients with diverse FGIDs, with and without comorbid FM. Larger, multi-center studies investigating the prevalence of this association are warranted.