bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Confinement and DDR1 Signaling Synergize to Regulate Collagen‐Induced Apoptosis in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells
Authors: Gonzalez‐Molina Jordi , Kirchhof Katharina Miria , Rathod Bhavik , Moyano‐Galceran Lidia , Calvo‐Noriega Maria , Kokaraki Georgia , Bjørkøy Astrid , Ehnman Monika , Carlson Joseph W. , Lehti Kaisa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFibrillar collagens promote cell proliferation, migration, and survival in various epithelial cancers and are generally associated with tumor aggressiveness. However, the impact of fibrillar collagens on soft tissue sarcoma behavior remains poorly understood. Unexpectedly, this study finds that fibrillar collagen‐related gene expression is associated with favorable patient prognosis in rhabdomyosarcoma. By developing and using collagen matrices with distinct stiffness and in vivo‐like microarchitectures, this study uncovers that the activation of DDR1 has pro‐apoptotic and of integrin β1 pro‐survival function, specifically in 3D rhabdomyosarcoma cell cultures. It demonstrates that rhabdomyosarcoma cell‐intrinsic or extrinsic matrix remodeling promotes cell survival. Mechanistically, the 3D‐specific collagen‐induced apoptosis results from a dual DDR1‐independent and a synergistic DDR1‐dependent TRPV4‐mediated response to mechanical confinement. Altogether, these results indicate that dense microfibrillar collagen‐rich microenvironments are detrimental to rhabdomyosarcoma cells through an apoptotic response orchestrated by the induction of DDR1 signaling and mechanical confinement. This mechanism helps to explain the preference of rhabdomyosarcoma cells to grow in and metastasize to low fibrillar collagen microenvironments such as the lung.
Adopt or not adopt? Mirror clauses and the European Green Deal
Authors: Beckman Jayson , Ivanic Maros , Jelliffe Jeremy , Arita Shawn 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMirror clauses have recently been discussed as a way of setting a level playing field for EU farmers in terms of the proposed European Green Deal (EGD) and the proposed reduction in usage of agricultural inputs. This study builds a Nash equilibrium model to determine if regions would implement these reductions to maintain open trade with the European Union. We find that more regions joining the EGD dampen the negative market impacts to the European Union, but we also find that major agricultural producers do not join the European Union in implementing the EGD.
Assessing nitrogen uptake and the impact of fertilizer amounts and sources on strawberry production in California
Authors: Biscaro Andre , Riffle Vegas , Geisseler Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA study was conducted in Oxnard, CA, from 2014 to 2015 to assess seasonal nitrogen (N) uptake, and 2018–2019 to assess the effect of fertilizer rates and types (calcium nitrate [CN9] and ammonium nitrate [AN20]) on yield of two strawberry (Fragaria × ananassaDuch.) cultivars (Fronteras and a proprietary cultivar). The 2014–2015 study identified mainly two seasonal uptake rates: 0.59 and 1.30 kg ha–1d–1for early (October–February) and late season (March–June), respectively. The N fertilizer rates for the 2018–2019 study, derived from the 2014–2015 study, were defined as low (CN9‐L and AN20‐L; 132 kg ha–1total applied), optimum (CN9‐O and AN20‐O; 233 kg ha–1total applied), and high (CN9‐H and AN20‐H; 334 kg ha–1total applied). Marketable yield for Fronteras plateaued at the optimum fertilizer rate, suggesting the average rate determined from the 2014–2015 study (equivalent to the optimum rate in the 2018–2019 study) achieved the highest yield for that cultivar. Marketable yield of the AN20 treatments for the proprietary cultivar was significantly greater than the CN9 treatments. Increasing N fertilizer rates resulted in greater aboveground vegetative biomass and consequent increased yield for both cultivars. The AN20 treatments resulted in 193–264% less nitrate found in the 30.5‐to‐61.0‐cm depth of soil than the CN9 treatments at crop termination, indicating significantly less nitrate‐leaching potential for fertilizers with greater proportion of N as ammonium. Assessing N uptake and tailoring fertilizer amounts and sources accordingly can maximize strawberry yield and minimize nitrate leaching.
Synthese von unsymmetrischen Azobenzolen durch palladiumkatalysierte Kreuzkupplung von siliciummaskierten Diazenylanionen und (Hetero)arylhalogeniden
Authors: Finck Lucie , Oestreich Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDas photoschaltbare Motiv von Azobenzolen nimmt eine bedeutende Stellung in den Lebens‐ und Materialwissenschaften ein. Das hält einen steten Bedarf an deren effizienter Synthese aufrecht, was besonders für unsymmetrische Derivate gilt. Wir stellen hier eine allgemeine Strategie zu deren Darstellung vor, bei der in einer neuartigen C(sp2)−N(sp2)‐Kreuzkupplung funktionalisierte arylsubstituierte, mit einer Silylgruppe maskierte Diazene als Diazenylpronukleophile eingesetzt werden. Diese Entsprechungen für recht instabile Diazenylanionen kuppeln unter Palladiumkatalyse mit einer breitgefächerten Palette an (Hetero)arylbromiden ohne Verlust von Distickstoff. Die konkurrierende Biarylbildung unter Abspaltung von Distickstoff ist vollständig unterdrückt. Die Reaktion erfordert nur einen geringen Überschuss von 1.2 Äquivalenten der Diazenylkomponente. Auf diese Weise werden unzählige Azobenzole mit elektronenreichen/‐armen Arylresten unter ausgezeichneter Toleranz gegenüber funktionellen Gruppen planbar zugänglich gemacht.
Synthesis of Non‐Symmetric Azoarenes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Silicon‐Masked Diazenyl Anions and (Hetero)Aryl Halides
Authors: Finck Lucie , Oestreich Martin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe photoswitchable motif of azobenzenes is of great importance across the life and materials sciences. This maintains a constant demand for their efficient synthesis, especially that of non‐symmetric derivatives. We disclose here a general strategy for their synthesis through an unprecedented C(sp2)−N(sp2) cross‐coupling where functionalized aryl‐substituted diazenes masked with a silyl group are employed as diazenyl pronucleophiles. These equivalents of fragile diazenyl anions couple with a diverse set of (hetero)aryl bromides under palladium catalysis with no loss of dinitrogen. The competing denitrogenative biaryl formation is fully suppressed. The reaction requires only a minimal excess, that is 1.2 equivalents, of the diazenyl component. By this, a broad range of azoarenes decorated with two electron‐rich/deficient aryl groups can be accessed in a predictable way with superb functional‐group tolerance.
Dexmedetomidine sedation for a dental extraction in a patient with known difficult airway
Authors: Guinness F. , Coleman M. , Gillbride M. 
Published: August 2022

SummaryFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is an autosomal dominant condition that causes cervical spine fusion and ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint, resulting in anaesthetic challenges. Awake tracheal intubation with flexible bronchoscopy is recommended for general anaesthetics required by patients with this disease. This case report describes the novel approach of using dexmedetomidine sedation in combination with local anaesthesia to allow dental extraction of the fifth and seventh upper left teeth in a patient with fibrodyplasia ossificans progressive, who had a known difficult airway and profound thrombocytopenia. This procedure was not previously tolerated by the patient under local anaesthesia alone. The use of dexmedetomidine was successful in facilitating completion of the procedure with a high degree of patient satisfaction. We discuss the advantages of dexmedetomidine over other sedative agents due to its minimal effects on respiratory drive and airway muscle tone. We highlight the use of dexmedetomidine for complex cases such as this, where tracheal intubation is potentially challenging, but the procedure itself could be managed under sedation and local anaesthesia.
Polymeric nanoparticles containing different oils as insecticides against the storage pest Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: Khandehroo Fatemeh , Moravvej Gholamhossein , Farhadian Nafiseh , Ahmadzadeh Hossein 
Published: August 2022

AbstractGarlic oil (GO) and cinnamon oil (CO) was successfully loaded in chitosan (CS) based polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). Fumigant, contact toxicities and persistent efficacy of these new Chitosan nano particles (CSNPs) were examined against Tribolium castaneum (T. castaneum) as a common stored product pest. Different ratios of polymer to sodium tripolyphosphate cross‐linker were applied for NPs preparation. Stability of CSNPs loaded with oils was examined for 4 months. Bioassay tests were used to determine LC50 values for fumigant toxicity evaluation and contact effects on red flour beetle, T. castaneum. The optimized CSNPs containing GO and CO had the particle size of 231.1 ± 7.5 nm and 303.4 ± 10 nm with encapsulation efficiency of 76.78% and 86.81%, respectively. Characterization results based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the successful formation of CSNPs with spherical morphology, amorphous property, and high stability during the storage time. LC50 index of pure oils and their nanoformulations suggested that CSNPs loaded oils have higher fumigant and contact effects on T. castaneum in a lower concentration than pure oils. Lethal effectiveness of CSNPs loaded GO and CO against T. castaneum were 18 and 20 days, respectively. However, GO and CO pure oils lost their efficacy in 10 and 14 days after exposure, respectively.
Fabrication of hollow poly(alpha‐methylstyrene) shells for inertial confinement fusion targets
Authors: Pastukhov Alexander V. , Pervakov Kirill S. , Akunets Alexander A. , Kuvshinov Ilya R. , Borisenko Natalia G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne of the important technical problems of Inertial Confinement Fusion is the development of a technology for obtaining large batches of targets‐containers for hydrogen isotopes. At the first stage of production of targets, spherical polymer shell‐matrices are used. In this work, for the first time, a method is proposed for obtaining batches of spherical shells from high molecular mass poly(alpha‐methylstyrene) using the developed set of equipment. To obtain batches of shells with a high degree of sphericity 0.992–0.997, the optimal conditions for their production and the composition of the equipment complex were determined. The surface quality of the shells and the uniformity of their walls were determined by electron microscopy. To estimate the degree of sphericity of polymeric shells, statistical calculations of data obtained by photo‐registering of different batches of shells were performed. Batches of spherical shells 2.1 ± 0.05 mm in size were obtained.
Electromagnetic interference shielding of thermally exfoliated graphene/polyurethane composite foams
Authors: Oraby Hussein , Naeem Ibrahim , Darwish Mohammad , Senna Magdy H. , Tantawy Hesham Ramzy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThermally exfoliated graphene (TEG)/polyurethane (PU) expanded composite samples were synthesized for application in electromagnetic interference shielding (EMIS) in the 8–12 GHz frequency range. The effect of TEG concentration on both the shielding efficiency (SE) and mechanical characteristics of the resultant composite foam was investigated in detail, with the goal of determining the optimal TEG concentration that delivers the best performance in terms of SE and mechanical properties. The TEG filler was characterized using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Whereas the prepared composite foam samples were examined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), SEM, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and mechanical testing. The experimental results revealed that the composite foam sample with 5 wt% TEG content exhibits the highest SE to be −25.6 dB (−430.3 dB cm3 g−1). It was also found that the optimal loading of TEG is 3 wt%, resulting in a compromise between SE (−20.4 dB; −345.68 dB cm3 g−1) and mechanical characteristics (compressive strength of 15.5 MPa and compressive modulus of 5.06 MPa). These findings highlight the potential applicability of the synthesized composite foam to a variety of EMIS applications.
Anti‐fouling performance of polyamide microfiltration membrane modified with surfactants
Authors: Giro Maitam Marcos Vinicius , Nicolini João Victor , de Araujo Kronemberger Frederico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFouling is the main limitation in membrane separation processes. This phenomenon occurs by the adsorption/deposition of particles, colloids, or biomolecules on the membrane surface and it pores. This process can severely affect membrane performance due to the decrease in permeate flux, lifetime reduction, and selectively and separability changes. Studies have concluded that physicochemical superficial characteristics of membranes is a key for understanding and mitigating fouling. In this study, the surface of a commercial microfiltration membrane (MF) was modified with commercial surfactants and a biosurfactant to reduce fouling and improve its performance. Coated (MF‐SDS, MF‐CTAB, MF‐Tween80, and MF‐Rha) and uncoated membranes were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), contact angle, and zeta potential. Microfiltration tests were performed by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast suspensions as model fouling agent at different transmembrane pressures and feed flow rates. Interfacial analysis indicated that the adsorption of surfactants on the membranes' surface is responsible for significant changes in the membrane's hydrophilicity and superficial charges. Considering filtration of the model suspensions, the permeate flux values were increased for all coated membranes compared to the uncoated one. Long‐term experiments showed a high stability of the rhamnolipid adsorption on the membrane surface, proving its effectiveness in fouling reduction.
Coumarin as a Surrogate for the Protection‐group‐free Synthesis of o‐Hydroxy Stilbenes: Hydrolysis‐Decarboxylation‐Heck Coupling Reactions in One Pot
Authors: Andhare Nitin H. , Equbal Danish , Sinha Arun K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe 2‐hydroxystyrylbenzene scaffold is found in various compounds that are widely applicable in medicinal chemistry as well as material chemistry. Here, a successful attempt is made to develop a one‐pot protocol for the synthesis of 2‐hydroxystilbene derivatives via hydrolysis of natural coumarins followed by in situ decarboxylative Heck coupling with haloarenes. Fine tuning of the reaction conditions allowed exclusive formation of 2‐hydroxystyrylbenzenes over other possible side products, i. e., benzofuran/substituted coumarins.
A kinetic framework for modeling oleochemical biosynthesis in Escherichia coli
Authors: Peoples Jackson , Ruppe Sophia , Mains Kathryn , Cipriano Elia C. , Fox Jerome M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicroorganisms build fatty acids with biocatalytic assembly lines, or fatty acid synthases (FASs), that can be repurposed to produce a broad set of fuels and chemicals. Despite their versatility, the product profiles of FAS‐based pathways are challenging to adjust without experimental iteration, and off‐target products are common. This study uses a detailed kinetic model of the Escherichia coli FAS as a foundation to model nine oleochemical pathways. These models provide good fits to experimental data and help explain unexpected results from in vivo studies. An analysis of pathways for alkanes and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), for example, suggests that reductions in titer caused by enzyme overexpression—an experimentally consistent phenomenon—can result from shifts in metabolite pools that are incompatible with the substrate specificities of downstream enzymes, and a focused examination of multiple alcohol pathways indicates that coordinated shifts in enzyme concentrations provide a general means of tuning the product profiles of pathways with promiscuous components. The study concludes by integrating all models into a graphical user interface. The models supplied by this work provide a versatile kinetic framework for studying oleochemical pathways in different biochemical contexts.
Immunogenicity of small‐cell lung cancer associates with STING pathway activation and is enhanced by ATR and TOP1 inhibition
Authors: Li Xuetao , Li Yujun , Zhao Ziwen , Miao Nabo , Liu Guorong , Deng Liaoyuan , Wei Shuquan , Hou Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe activation of STING (stimulator of interferon genes) pathway enhances antitumor immunity in small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC), while the DNA damage induced by non‐cGAMP‐based agonists is a potent inducer of STING activity. Here, we investigate the intrinsic expression of STING in cancer cells and evaluate the value of the combination of ATR and TOP1 inhibitors in enhancing antitumor immunity.MethodsSTING expression was assessed at mRNA and protein levels in SCLC and normal lung tissues. Transcriptomic subsets of SCLC were identified based on STING‐related genes. Distinct mutation and immunogenomic profiles of these subsets were determined. The direct antitumor efficacy and the potential of enhancing antitumor immunity of the strategy using the ATR‐TOP1‐inhibitor combination were tested in SCLC cell lines.ResultsThe intrinsic expression of STING was significantly reduced in SCLC compared to normal lung tissues (p < 0.0001). Three STING‐related SCLC subtypes were identified in which the STING‐high subtype was associated with (1) high immune infiltration, (2) high expression of genes related to MHC and immune checkpoints, and (3) high EMT and ferroptosis score. On the contrary, the STING‐low subtype was enriched with pathways related to DNA damage response (DDR) and cell cycle progression. The association between the DDR pathway activity and the STING‐IFN innate immune response was verified by in vitro experiments in which the inhibition of ATR and TOP1 triggered the expression of genes encoding type I IFN signaling and pro‐inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in a STING‐low SCLC cell line.ConclusionOur study verifies that activation of the STING‐IFN response by ATR and TOP1 inhibitors might be a therapeutic strategy to improve the response to immune checkpoint therapy in STING‐low SCLC. Furthermore, the combinations of ATR and TOP1 inhibitors can augment tumor inflammation in STING‐low SCLC.
Probing Biothiols Using a Red‐Emitting Pyridoxal Derivative by Adopting Copper(II) Displacement Approach and Cell Imaging
Authors: Bhardwaj Vinita , Patel Dhvani A. , Majeed S. Abdul , Sahul Hameed A. S. , Aatif Mujthaba A. , Kumar Ashok S. K. , Sahoo Suban K 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAn aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) active Schiff base L was obtained by reacting pyridoxal and 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde with p‐phenylenediamine in two simple steps. The colorimetric, UV/VIS and fluorescence studies of L revealed that the yellow emissive L (λem=540 nm, λex=450 nm) in pure DMSO turned to a red‐emissive L, when the poor solvent fraction (HEPES buffer, 10 mM, pH 7.4) was increased above 50 % in DMSO. The SEM and DLS results indicated the formation of self‐aggregates of L that restricted the intramolecular motion and promoted the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. The cations sensing ability of the AIEgen L was explored in HEPES buffer (5 % DMSO, 10 mM, pH 7.4), where Cu2+ selectively quenched the fluorescence at 608 nm due to the chelation‐enhanced fluorescence quenching (CHEQ) effect with an estimated sensitivity limit of 0.9 μM. Subsequently, the in situ formed AIEgen L‐Cu2+ complex was applied for the cascade detection of glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy). The decomplexation of Cu2+ from the AIEgen L‐Cu2+ by GSH, Cys and Hcy restored the quenched fluorescence emission of AIEgen L at 608 nm. With this Cu2+ displacement approach, the concentration of Cys, Hcy and GSH can be detected down to 2.8 μM, 3.12 μM and 2.0 μM, respectively. The practical utility of AIEgen L and AIEgen L‐Cu2+ was examined by monitoring the selective analytes in real environmental and biological samples, and also applied successfully for the cell imaging applications.
Crystalline Microporous MoVBiO Polyoxometalates for Indirect Oxidation of Methanol to Methyl Formate: Effects of Organic Additives on Crystals Size and Catalytic Performance
Authors: Huang Ke , Xu Ningkun , Liu Bin , Zhang Peihua , Yang Ge , Guo Hailing , Bai Peng , Wang Chunzheng , Mintova Svetlana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCrystalline porous Mo‐V‐Bi oxides (MoVBiO) were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis approach. The effects of organic additives (methanol and tartaric acid) on the morphology and particle size of the MoVBiO crystals were investigated. The size of MoVBiO crystals was tuned in the range of 30–300 nm. It was found that methanol accelerated the formation of crystal nuclei resulting in the crystallization of small particles (30 nm), while tartaric acid inhibited the nucleation thus resulting in MoVBiO crystals with a size of 300 nm. The as‐synthesized MoVBiO samples were used in the indirect oxidation of methanol to methyl formate. The MoVBiO crystals with a size of 30 nm, synthesized with methanol, showed a high methyl nitrite conversion of 92 % and methyl formate selectivity of 94 % at 140 °C. The catalyst exhibited a relatively slow but almost constant deactivation over 50 h due to deposition of reaction species. The small MoVBiO crystals (30 nm) with more surface active sites and accessibility showed high performance in the oxidation of methanol to methyl formate in contrast to the big crystals (300 nm).
Reusable Copper Catechol‐based Porous Polymers for the Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols
Authors: Henrion Mickaël , Mohr Yorck , Janssens Kwinten , Smolders Simon , Bugaev Aram L. , Usoltsev Oleg A. , Quadrelli Elsje Alessandra , Wisser Florian M. , De Vos Dirk E. , Canivet Jérôme 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNew catechol‐based porous polymers were synthesized and used as platforms for the heterogenization of molecular Cu complexes. The resulting Cu@CatMP‐1 materials proved to be highly stable and performing catalysts for the oxidation of secondary alcohols with turnover numbers up to 6000, about 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than the current relevant state of the art, using catalyst loadings as low as 25 ppm of Cu. The solid catalyst proved to be recyclable for over 10 runs without detectable metal leaching and has been scaled to the gram scale. The coordination of Cu to catechol within the polymer has been evidenced by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy.