bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical accessibility of emergency neonatal care services in Ethiopia: analysis using the 2016 Ethiopian Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care Survey
Authors: Kibret Getiye Dejenu , Demant Daniel , Hayen Andrew 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionAccess to emergency neonatal health services has not been explored widely in the Ethiopian context. Accessibility to health services is a function of the distribution and location of services, including distance, travel time, cost and convenience. Measuring the physical accessibility of health services contributes to understanding the performance of health systems, thereby enabling evidence-based health planning and policies. The physical accessibility of Ethiopian health services, particularly emergency neonatal care (EmNeC) services, is unknown.ObjectiveTo analyse the physical accessibility of EmNeC services at the national and subnational levels in Ethiopia.MethodsWe analysed the physical accessibility of EmNeC services within 30, 60 and 120 min of travel time in Ethiopia at a national and subnational level. We used the 2016 Ethiopian Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care survey in addition to several geospatial data sources.ResultsWe estimated that 21.4%, 35.9% and 46.4% of live births in 2016 were within 30, 60 and 120 min of travel time of fully EmNeC services, but there was considerable variation across regions. Addis Ababa and the Hareri regional state had full access (100% coverage) to EmNeC services within 2 hours travel time, while the Afar (15.3%) and Somali (16.3%) regional states had the lowest access.ConclusionsThe physical access to EmNeC services in Ethiopia is well below the universal health coverage expectations stated by the United Nations. Increasing the availability of EmNeC to health facilities where routine delivery services currently are taking place would significantly increase physical access. Our results reinforce the need to revise service allocations across administrative regions and consider improving disadvantaged areas in future health service planning.
Development of a machine learning-based prediction model for extremely rapid decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with chronic kidney disease: a retrospective cohort study using a large data set from a hospital in Japan
Authors: Inaguma Daijo , Hayashi Hiroki , Yanagiya Ryosuke , Koseki Akira , Iwamori Toshiya , Kudo Michiharu , Fukuma Shingo , Yuzawa Yukio 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTrajectories of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline vary highly among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is clinically important to identify patients who have high risk for eGFR decline. We aimed to identify clusters of patients with extremely rapid eGFR decline and develop a prediction model using a machine learning approach.DesignRetrospective single-centre cohort study.SettingsTertiary referral university hospital in Toyoake city, Japan.ParticipantsA total of 5657 patients with CKD with baseline eGFR of 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and eGFR decline of ≥30% within 2 years.Primary outcomeOur main outcome was extremely rapid eGFR decline. To study-complicated eGFR behaviours, we first applied a variation of group-based trajectory model, which can find trajectory clusters according to the slope of eGFR decline. Our model identified high-level trajectory groups according to baseline eGFR values and simultaneous trajectory clusters. For each group, we developed prediction models that classified the steepest eGFR decline, defined as extremely rapid eGFR decline compared with others in the same group, where we used the random forest algorithm with clinical parameters.ResultsOur clustering model first identified three high-level groups according to the baseline eGFR (G1, high GFR, 99.7±19.0; G2, intermediate GFR, 62.9±10.3 and G3, low GFR, 43.7±7.8); our model simultaneously found three eGFR trajectory clusters for each group, resulting in nine clusters with different slopes of eGFR decline. The areas under the curve for classifying the extremely rapid eGFR declines in the G1, G2 and G3 groups were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.76), 0.71 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.74) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.83), respectively. The random forest model identified haemoglobin, albumin and C reactive protein as important characteristics.ConclusionsThe random forest model could be useful in identifying patients with extremely rapid eGFR decline.Trial registrationUMIN 000037476; This study was registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry.
Are free school meals failing families? Exploring the relationship between child food insecurity, child mental health and free school meal status during COVID-19: national cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Yang Tiffany C , Power Madeleine , Moss Rachael H , Lockyer Bridget , Burton Wendy , Doherty Bob , Bryant Maria 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveFood insecurity is linked to poor health and well-being in children and rising prevalence rates have been exacerbated by COVID-19. Free school meals (FSM) are considered a critical tool for reducing the adverse effects of poverty but apply a highly restrictive eligibility criteria. This study examined levels of food security and FSM status to support decision-making regarding increasing the current eligibility criteria.DesignTwo cross-sectional national surveys administered in August–September 2020 and January–February 2021 were used to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the food experiences of children and young people.SettingUK.Participants2166 children (aged 7–17 years) and parents/guardians.Main outcome measuresParticipant characteristics were described by food security and FSM status; estimated marginal means were calculated to obtain the probability of poor mental health, expressed as children reporting feeling stressed or worried in the past month, by food security status and FSM status.ResultsWe observed food insecurity among both children who did and did not receive of FSM: 23% of children not receiving FSM were food insecure. Children who were food insecure had a higher probability of poor mental health (31%, 95% CI: 23%, 40%) than children who were food secure (10%, 95% CI: 7%, 14%). Food insecure children receiving FSM had a higher probability of poor mental health (51%, 95% CI: 37%, 65%) than those who were food insecure and not receiving FSM (29%, 95% CI: 19%, 42%).ConclusionMany children experienced food insecurity regardless of whether they received FSM, suggesting the eligibility criteria needs to be widened to prevent overlooking those in need.
Building a practice-based research network for healthcare integration: a protocol paper for a mixed-method project
Authors: Peters Sanne , Chakraborty Samantha Paubrey , Barton Christopher , Sturgiss Elizabeth Ann , Mazza Danielle , De Leon - Santiago Maria , Staunton-Smith Timothy , Russell Grant 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionPractice-based research networks (PBRNs) are sustained collaborations between healthcare professionals, researchers and members of the community that develop, conduct and report on research relevant to local needs. While PBRNs have traditionally been focused towards primary care practices and their patients, there has been increasing interest in how they may help facilitate healthcare integration. Yet, little is known on the ways in which PBRNs can best integrate with the broader healthcare system, in particular Advanced Health Research and Translation Centres. The overall project aim is to build a sustainable collaboration between a PBRN and an Advanced Health Research and Translation Centre to generate a research platform suitable for planning, undertaking and translating research to improve care across the healthcare continuum.Methods and analysisWe will use a developmental evaluation design. Our iterative approach will be informed by a programme logic model and consists of: preparation work (pre-implementation assessment, literature review, community and stakeholder engagement), adaptation and building for a sustainable collaboration (strategy for recruitment and sustainment of members) and planning for network action (designing and implementing priority initiatives, monitoring and follow-up).Ethics and disseminationThis project was approved by the Monash Health ethics committee (ERM Reference Number: 76281; Monash Health Ref: RES-21-0000-392L) and the Monash University Human Research ethics committee (Reference Number: 29786). Dissemination will take place via various channels, including relevant national and international committees and conferences, peer-reviewed journals and social media. Continuous dissemination to and communication with all participants in this project as well as other relevant stakeholders will help strengthen and sustain the network.
Identification of social innovation in health criteria in Latin America
Authors: Duque-Paz Luisa Fernanda , Castro-Arroyave Diana 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesUnderstanding the Latin American Social Innovation in Health (SIH) approach requires a process of typifying and identifying main criteria of the approach based on the employed practices of different health initiatives implemented throughout the region. This article presents a descriptive analysis of the main criteria of SIH.DesignTo identify the theoretical and methodological developments of SIH between the years 2013 and 2018, a scoping review was conducted using a mixed approach. 80 texts in English, Spanish and Portuguese were screened through a reflexive analysis process involving intratextual and intertextual reading.Setting and participantsThe documentary research covered journals, books and higher degree theses addressing experiences or theoretical constructs developed in the Latin American region.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe approaches identified in the studied initiatives were mutually complementary; moreover, based on the typification of the main criteria between approaches and implementation proposals, the convergences and divergences between SIH and other approaches found in the sample were identified. In most cases, the different approaches in the sample are committed to initiatives that include some degree of innovation, improve access to healthcare services and recognise in one way or another a public policy in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).ResultsEighteen characteristic criteria were identified, of which nine particularly differentiate SIH from other approaches conceptually and methodologically. Further work is essential to eliminate the vague delimitation between social and technological aspects of innovation.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that although the SIH concept is in construction, it is advancing down a path of recognition in the region, defining its role as an important field of study on social transformation in health and development.
On the characterization of constant functions through nonlocal functionals
Authors: Gobbino Massimo , Picenni Nicola 
Published: June 2022

We address a classical open question by H. Brezis and R. Ignat concerning the characterization of constant functions through double integrals that involve difference quotients. Our first result is a counterexample to the question in its full generality. This counterexample requires the construction of a function whose difference quotients avoid a sequence of intervals with endpoints that diverge to infinity. Our second result is a positive answer to the question when restricted either to functions that are bounded and approximately differentiable almost everywhere, or to functions with bounded variation. We also present some related open problems that are motivated by our positive and negative results.
First Light of the Integral Field Unit of GRIS on the GREGOR Solar Telescope
Authors: Dominguez-Tagle C. , Collados M. , Lopez R. , Cedillo J. J. Vaz , Esteves M. A. , Grassin O. , Vega N. , Mato A. , Quintero J. , Rodriguez H. , Regalado S. , Gonzalez F. 
Published: June 2022

An Integral Field Unit (IFU) based on image slicers has been added to the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS). This upgrade to the instrument makes possible 2D spectropolarimetry in the near-infrared by simultaneously recording the full Stokes profiles of spectral lines (in a given spectral interval) at all the points in the field of view (FOV). It provides high-cadence spectropolarimetric observations at the instrument’s high spatial resolution and high polarization sensitivity at the GREGOR solar telescope. The IFU is ideal for observing the polarized spectrum of fast-evolving solar features at high spatial and spectral resolutions. The high observing cadence opens the possibility of time-series observations. The analysis of observations to this level of accuracy is essential for understanding the complex dynamics and interactions of solar plasma and magnetic fields. The image slicer of the IFU has eight slices of width 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, covering a total FOV of [Formula: see text]. It was designed and built within the framework of the European projects SOLARNET and GREST, as a prototype for future instruments of the European Solar Telescope (EST) and was integrated into GRIS. After two commissioning campaigns in 2017 and 2018, the IFU was finally installed at the end of September 2018 and offered to all observers who use the telescope.
Evaluation of the Effect of Refined Nursing Intervention on Coronary CT Imaging Microscopy
Authors: Qian Tao 
Published: June 2022

The aim is to study the benefits of using advanced medical services for coronary CT angiography. From August 2019 to August 2020, 50 patients who underwent CT angiography were selected and divided into control groups and study groups, with 25 patients in each group. The monitoring team provides basic support, and the training team provides maximum support. Experimental results showed that the positive microscopic image of the study group after the intervention was better than that of the control group, and the stress score was lower than that of the control group (

P
<
0.05

s and

30.73
±
9.57

min) and are short (

58.32
±
13.15

seconds and

53.17
±
11.84

minutes) between control groups, with significant differences. The significance is (

P
<
0.05

. Patient care is relevant to patients with coronary CT angiography, which has been shown to improve heart rate, reduce stress, improve microscopic imaging, and provide relevant liver function tests. It is recommended to promote the show.
The Effectiveness and Safety of Hormonal Combinations of Antiepileptic Drugs in the Treatment of Epileptic Electrical Continuity in Children during Sleep: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jinlai 
Published: June 2022

Objective. A systematic evaluation of the efficacy of hormones in combination with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) compared to AEDs alone in the treatment of children with encephalopathy related to status epilepticus during slow sleep (ESES). This study provides an evidence-based approach to the treatment of children with ESES. Materials and Methods. To find all relevant studies published before March 2022, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. We explore the difference between AEDs combined with hormones and AEDs alone for ESES treatment. All outcome data, including Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, the effective rate, EEG discharges, and adverse effects rate (AER), were compared using Review Manager 5.3. Results. There were 805 patients in this study’s seven investigations, including 403 in the experimental group and 402 in the control group. Meta-analysis showed that after treatment, compared with the AEDs alone group, the hormone combined with AEDs. The difference in clinical improvement rate [RR = 1.25, 95% CI (1.15, 1.36),

p

< 0.00001], electroencephalographic (EEG) discharge improvement rate [RR = 1.31, 95% CI (1.22, 1.41),

p

< 0.00001], and cognitive intelligence score [SMD = 1.02, 95% CI (0.76, 1.28),

p

< 0.00001] was statistically significant. The differences were statistically significant in terms of 0.00001; the incidence of adverse reactions was higher in the hormone combined with AEDs group than in the AEDs group alone, and the differences were statistically significant [RR = 4.13, 95% CI (1.06, 16.13),

p

< 0.01], and all adverse reactions improved or disappeared after discontinuation of the drug. Conclusions. The combination of hormones with AEDs for the treatment of epileptic electrical continuity in sleep has advantages over AEDs alone in terms of controlling seizures, improving EEG abnormalities, and improving cognition. The combination of hormones with AEDs has advantages over AEDs alone in controlling seizures, improving EEG abnormalities, and improving cognition and is relatively safe.
Effect of Coffee Consumption on Postoperative Ileus after Colorectal Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhu Junjia , Xu Wenlong , Sun Qi , Geng Jun , Yu Yifeng , Zhao Zhenguo 
Published: June 2022

Background. Postoperative ileus (POI) is an important complication after elective colorectal surgery, which prolongs hospital stay and increases hospital costs. Coffee has been reported to be beneficial for the recovery of gastrointestinal function. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of coffee consumption in the treatment of POI, following elective colorectal surgery. Methods. A comprehensive literature search for medical subject heading (MeSH) terms, including coffee, caffeine, colon, rectum, and colorectal surgery was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library until November 2021. A meta-analysis of postoperative outcomes was conducted to assess the effectiveness of coffee consumption on POI after colorectal surgery. Results. 726 articles were identified and six RCTs that captured 416 patients were included. The time to first defecation was reduced with postoperative coffee consumption compared to the control group (

mean

difference
=
−
15.03

h; 95% confidence interval: -17.79, -12.26;

P
<
0.00001

). There was no difference in time to first flatus, time to tolerance for solid food, length of hospital stay, use of laxatives, reinsertion of nasogastric tube, need for reoperation, postoperative complications, and anastomotic leak between the groups. Coffee did not have any adverse effects. Conclusion. The current literature revealed that postoperative coffee consumption shortened the time to first defecation following elective colorectal surgery. Large sample and tightly controlled multicenter randomized clinical trials are needed to offer a more accurate evaluation of the efficacy of coffee.
Problemas probatorios de la exceptio doli
Authors: Lazo Patricio 
Published: June 2022

Summary
The objective of this paper are the proof issues of the exceptio doli in the formular process. The author examines different texts from Roman lawyers regarding not only the proof of the exceptiones, but of the dolus as well, turning back to the problem of onus probandi in the classical process. One of the premises of this work is that the Exceptio doli has a bigger complexity than other exceptiones. These issues found a safer treatment when created the exceptio non numeratae pecuniae. The hypothesis is that this Exceptio should be seen as an alternative to the Exceptio doli every time the defendant has no chance to prove the facts that constitute the plaintiff’s Dolus (a positive fact). And this situation would be related to the fact that the reversal of burden of proof in case of negative facts was sufficiently known in the classic process and therefore the rescript of C. 4,30,3 was unnecessary for that goal.
The Different Relationships between the ENSO Spring Persistence Barrier and Predictability Barrier
Authors: Jin Yishuai , Liu Zhengyu , Duan Wansuo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) spring persistence barrier (PB) and predictability barrier (PD) and apply it to explain the interdecadal modulation of ENSO prediction skill using the anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC). Previous studies showed that a longer persistence (i.e., autocorrelation) tends to produce a higher prediction skill. Using the recharge oscillator model of ENSO, both analytical and numerical solutions suggest that the predictability (i.e., ACC) is related to the persistence of sea surface temperature (SST) and cross correlation between SST and subsurface ocean heat content in the tropical Pacific. In particular, a larger damping rate in SST anomalies will lead to a lower persistence and ACC and a stronger PD. However, a shortened ENSO period, which controls the cross correlation, will lead to a lower persistence but a higher ACC associated with a weaker PD. Finally, we apply our solutions to observations and suggest that a higher ACC associated with a weaker PD after 1960 is caused by the shortened ENSO period.
Sugars measured enzymatically in a fasting overnight urine sample are not sensitive biomarkers of dietary added sugar intake in postmenopausal women
Authors: Weinhold Kellie R. , Andridge Rebecca R. , Bomser Joshua A. , Sasaki Geoffrey Y. , Bruno Richard S. , Orchard Tonya S. 
Published: June 2022

Background Restricting dietary sugar is a leading recommendation, but limited biomarkers assessing intake exist. Although 24-h urinary sucrose (U-Suc) and urinary fructose (U-Fruc) excretion has been used with mixed success, collection is burdensome. Aim This study aimed to test the sensitivity of an enzymatic assay of U-Suc and U-Fruc to detect changing added sugar intake using low-burden overnight urine samples in 30 postmenopausal women. Methods Women consumed usual dietary intake during day 1 and usual intake plus a sugar sweetened beverage during day 2. Weighed, photographed food records assessed intake. Enzymatic assay measured U-Suc and U-Fruc from fasting overnight samples; liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) validated U-Suc findings. Results Dietary added sugars increased significantly during day 2 (p < 0.001), but urinary sugars were not significantly increased. Enzymatic assay detected urinary sugars in 75% (U-Suc) and 35% (U-Fruc) of samples. Dietary sucrose was not associated with U-Suc, however dietary fructose was significantly associated with U-Fruc [β = 0.031; p < 0.05] among women with detectable urinary sugars. Participants with detectable U-Fruc consumed more energy from added sugars [12.6% kcal day 1; 21.5% kcal day 2] than participants with undetectable U-Fruc [9.3% kcal day 1; 17.4% kcal day 2], p < 0.05. Using LC-MS, U-Suc predicted sucrose and added sugar intake [β = 0.017, β = 0.013 respectively; both p < 0.05]. Conclusions Urinary sugars measured enzymatically from overnight urine samples were not sensitive biomarkers of changing added sugar intake in postmenopausal women. However, urinary fructose measured by enzymatic assay or LC-MS may differentiate low versus high added sugar consumers.