bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parasitic contamination of environmental objects (based on materials of Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Astrakhan region)
Authors: Shemetova S. A. , Arakelyan R. S. , Nikeshina T. V. , Shendo G. L. 
Published: May 2022

Objective. To study the sanitary and parasitological state of environmental objects in Astrakhan region.
Materials and methods. A total of 45,475 samples taken from various environmental objects in Astrakhan region were analyzed. The number of unsatisfactory samples was 1.1 % (484 samples).
Results. For the period from 2015 to 2019, there were studied the following samples: soil 12.5 % (5518 samples), water 6.9 % (3026 samples) and flushes from solid household surfaces 80.6 % (35501 samples).
The percentage of washout samples from hard surfaces was 80.6 % (35,501 samples). The number of unsatisfactory samples was 0.003 % (1 sample). In this sample, teniid oncospheres were detected in 2019. The share of water samples was 6.9 % (3026 samples). Positive findings in the form of helminth eggs and larvae, as well as cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa were 3.1 % (93 samples). In addition to samples taken from environmental objects, samples of food raw materials and food products were studied 3.1 % (1430 samples). The number of unsatisfactory samples was 4.6 % (66 samples). In these samples there were found: larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis 84.8 % (56 samples), eggs and metacercariae of Opisthorchis felineus 4.5 % (3 samples), cysts of Entamoeba histolytica, larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + Ascaris lumbricoides 3.0 % for each (2 samples for each), eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis 1.5 % (1 sample) and larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + Toxocara Canis 1.5 % (1 sample).
Conclusions. The presence of mobile strongylid larvae and toxocar eggs in the soil indicates contamination of this object with the feces of invaded animals, and the presence of ascariid eggs, opisthorchis, dwarf tapeworm, teniid oncospheres and dysentery amoeba cysts in the soil indicates contamination with the feces of invaded people. The presence of eggs and larvae of helminths characteristic of animals and humans in samples taken from open reservoirs indicates, first of all, the contamination of these objects with the feces of infected people and/or animals, as well as the presumed version of water contamination with sewage. The presence of Toxocara eggs and strongylid larvae on the samples of fruit and vegetable products indicates soil contamination with the feces of invasive animals. The presence of ascarid eggs on the food indicates contamination of the soil with the feces of infested people.
Analysis of phagocytic activity of peripheral blood and exudate leukocytes in patients with facial phlegmon
Authors: Godovalov A. P. , Shtraube G. I. , Boev I. A. 
Published: May 2022

Objective. To assess the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood and exudate leukocytes in patients with facial phlegmon. Currently, relatively little attention is paid to assessing the functional activity of peripheral blood and exudate leukocytes in facial phlegmon, the incidence of which is characterized by an increase in the number of cases and, especially, among patients with comorbid pathology.
Materials and methods. To study the phagocytic activity of leukocytes using a method based on the assessment of the absorption of formalinized sheep erythrocytes by neutrophils and monocytes, the samples of peripheral blood and exudate were obtained from 18 patients diagnosed facial phlegmon. Blood leukocytes obtained from 29 healthy donors were used as a comparison group.
Results. It was shown that for patients with phlegmon of the face, an increase in the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood leukocytes is characteristic. There was observed a redistribution of leukocytes according to the number of absorbed objects towards an increase in actively phagocytizing cells 4438 721 per 1 l (in the comparison group 297 67 per 1 l; p 0.05). However, after migration to the foci of the pathological process, leukocytes lost their phagocytic activity and the number of phagocytic cells decreased to 35.0 8.3 % (for peripheral blood leukocytes of the same patients 64.3 5.4 %; p 0.05). Changes in the phagocytic activity of exudate leukocytes affected both neutrophils and monocytes.
Conclusions. Thus, in patients with phlegmon of the face, changes in the phagocytic activity of blood leukocytes are probably associated with the indirect influence of cytokines, and in the focus of inflammation, leukocytes come under pressure from microorganisms. In such a situation, it is necessary to select an effective immunotropic therapy.
Estimating Explosion Yields Using Moment Tensor Solutions and Seismic Moment
Authors: Pasyanos Michael E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Seismic moment, a measurable and well-understood quantity of seismic sources, is used to estimate the yield of explosions. Application of such a method in the past, as in the manner of mb-derived yields, has been complicated by the effect of variations in the explosion working point, depth, and secondary source effects (such as spalling and tectonic release) on the observed moment. We start using the full (six-element) moment tensor solution, which can capture the relevant source physics and, at least in theory, better isolate the primary explosion source. The moment-to-yield ratio is then estimated using an explosion source model which, provided with emplacement conditions, can relate the two parameters. We discuss the major sources of uncertainty associated with the method, and calibrate it with chemical and nuclear explosions at the Nevada National Security Site. We then apply the method to published moment tensor solutions for the six declared North Korean nuclear explosions that occurred between 2006 and 2017. The results are mostly consistent with other yield estimates made using a variety of high-frequency methods. This technique is a new approach to estimating explosive yield and simple to implement, as much of the complexity is captured by the source models.
ThinPrep sıvı bazlı sitoloji yöntemiyle hazırlanan servikal smear materyallerinin değerlendirilmesi, sito-histopatolojik korelasyon
Authors: DEMİR Hale 
Published: May 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma; servikal sitoloji (SS) materyallerinde kalite açısından yeterlilik oranını, değerlendirme için yetersiz olanların nedenlerini, epitelyal hücre anormalliği (EHA) saptama yüzdesini, atipik skuamöz hücreler/ skuamöz intraepitelyal lezyon (ASH/SIL) oranını belirlemeyi ve sito-histopatolojik korelasyon ile tanı doğruluğunu değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Sıvı bazlı sitoloji (ThinPrep) yöntemi kullanılarak hazırlanan 1368 SS materyali çalışmaya alındı. SS alınan kadınların klinik özellikleri, sitolojik değerlendirme sonuçları, mevcut olanlarda eş zamanlı veya sonrasındaki servikal doku biyopsi tanıları kaydedildi. Sitolojik değerlendirme sonuçları Bethesda 2014 sınıflamasına göre kategorize edildi. Doku biyopsisi tanısına ulaşılan 36 olguda sito-histopatolojik korelasyon yapıldı.
Bulgular: Elli bir (%3.7) SS materyali değerlendirme için yetersizdi. Skuamöz hücre azlığı en sık yetersizlik nedeni olup daha çok örneklemenin optimal şekilde yapılmamasıyla ilişkiliydi. Otuz sekiz SS örneğinde EHA mevcuttu (EHA oranı %2.9): 24 ASCUS, 1 ASC-H, 8 LSIL, 5 HSIL. ASH/SIL oranı 1.9’du. EHA’yı belirleme açısından, SS’nin doğruluk oranı, spesifitesi ve sensitivitesi sırasıyla %86, %91 ve %77 olarak bulundu.
Sonuç: Tekrarlayan suboptimal veya yetersiz SS preparatlarıyla karşılaşıldığında laboratuvar aşamaları kontrol edilmeli ve gerekiyorsa, doğru örnekleme için ilgili kişilerle iletişime geçilmelidir. EHA oranı merkezlere göre farklılık gösterebilir. EHA’nın çoğunluğunu ASCUS oluşturur ve gereksiz ASCUS tanısı vermekten kaçınılmalıdır. ASH/SIL oranı ve sito-histopatolojik korelasyon güvenilir kalite kontrol yöntemlerinden olup her patolog veya merkez için belirlenmiş parametreler çerçevesinde kalite kontrol yapılmalıdır. Servikal biyopsi materyalleri değerlendirilirken mutlaka SS preparatı ile karşılaştırılarak incelenmeli, tanı uyumsuzluğu olan durumlarda rapora açıklayıcı notlar eklenmelidir.
EKSPLORASI KESEPIAN PADA LANSIA DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Putri Fatimah Azzahra Arysa , Nurfitriana Fia , Putra Billy Hadi Surya 
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Elderly is a phase towards the end in the span of development of human life. At this stage according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, is to reach the stage of integrity vs despair. Some of the characteristics at the Integrity stage are the period when the elderly are full of success towards the achievement of the previous stage of development. And vice versa Despair can be characterized by a sense of dissatisfaction with his life in the past that he has lived, there is a feeling of hopelessness, feels his life is bitter, and considers it a failure. Despair in development is related to the problem of loneliness experienced by the elderly. If you review the various studies on loneliness, the elderly can be included at a stage that is vulnerable to feelings of loneliness. The purpose of this study was to explore loneliness in the elderly during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The research subjects were the elderly who were more than 60 years old. Data collection techniques using the interview method. The results of this study indicate that the pandemic causes the elderly to limit activities and interactions with their peers. Lack of social interaction and the emergence of feelings of boredom due to social restrictions cause some elderly to experience social loneliness or social loneliness. In addition, restrictions on activities during the pandemic have caused some elderly people to become passive and some other elderly people try to stay active.
Abstrak: Lansia dalam tahap perkembangan kehidupan manusia merupakan tahap menjelang akhir. Di fase ini, menurut Erikson dalam teori perkembangannya merupakan tahap integrity versus despair yaitu tahap dimana lansia akan merasa pencapaiannya telah sukses di tahap perkembangan sebelumnya atau justru merasa tidak puas dengan pencapaiannya di tahap sebelumnya sehingga menimbulkan perasaan gagal, putus asa, dan getir. Despair yang dijelaskan oleh Erikson sangat berkaitan dengan perasaan kesepian pada lansia. Beberapa studi juga menjelaskan terkait kesepian, dimana individu yang memasuki usia lansia sangat rentan dengan perasaan kesepian. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengeksplorasi perasaan lansia terkait kesepian di saat pandemi covid-19. Peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan subjek lansia yang berusia 60 tahun atau lebih. Peneliti menggunakan metode wawancara sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa pandemi menyebabkan lansia membatasi kegiatan dan interaksi dengan teman sebaya mereka. Kurangnya interaksi sosial dan timbulnya perasaan bosan akibat pembatasan sosial menyebabkan beberapa lansia mengalami kesepian secara sosial atau social loneliness. Selain itu pembatasan kegiatan saat pandemi menyebabkan beberapa lansia menjadi pasif dan beberapa lansia lainnya berusaha untuk tetap aktif.
DINAMIKA PSIKOLOGIS PADA ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH DENGAN GANGGUAN KETERLAMBATAN BICARA
Authors: Sari Qurrotul Aini Fitria , Hanifah Ria Ninik , Naufalia Shabrina Dhiya , Qoyyimah Nur Rohmah Hidayatul 
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Speech delay is a type of communication disorder indicating that an individual experiences disorder in the symbolic process of communicating. A child is said to have a speech delay if their speech development is below the level of speech quality development of children at their age. This study aims to determine the psychological picture of pre-school children who have speech delays, the causes of speech delays, the treatment, and the development after receiving the treatment. This study is qualitative research with a case study approach that focuses on the problem of speech delay in pre-school children. Researchers took the subject of 2 boys aged 3 and 5 years who have a speech delay. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis, namely analyzing, describing, and summarizing various conditions of the subject from the results of interviews and observations regarding the problem under study. The result showed that children with speech delay have a different psychological condition from normal children—emotional, cognitive, and behavior. Differences were found specifically in the emotions of the children which were influenced by how the people or the environment accompanied them.
Keywords: Speech Delay; Pre-school Children; Developmental Disorder
Abstrak: Gangguan keterlambatan berbicara merupakan salah satu jenis gangguan dalam komunikasi dengan indikasi bahwa individu mengalami gangguan dalam proses simbolis dalam berkomunikasi. Anak dikatakan memiliki gangguan berbicara apabila tingkat perkembangan bicaranya berada di bawah tingkat kualitas perkembangan berbicara anak seumurannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran psikologis anak usia pra sekolah yang memiliki keterlambatan bicara, penyebab keterlambatan bicara, penanganan yang didapatkan, serta perkembangan setelah didapatkan penangannya. Jenis penelitian berbentuk kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus yang berfokus pada permasalahan gangguan keterlambatan berbicara pada anak usia pra-sekolah. Peneliti mengambil subjek 2 anak laki-laki berusia 3 dan 5 tahun yang memiliki gangguan keterlambatan berbicara. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif, yaitu menganalisis, menggambarkan, dan meringkas berbagai kondisi subjek dari hasil wawancara dan observasi mengenai masalah yang diteliti. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa anak dengan keterlambatan bicara memiliki kondisi psikologis yang berbeda seperti anak pada umumnya baik emosi, kognitif dan behavior. Selain itu, ditemukan perbedaan kondisi psikologis, khususnya pada emosi yang didapati pada kedua anak, yang didukung oleh bagaimana orang lain atau lingkungan menyertainya.
Kata kunci: Gangguan Keterlambatan Berbicara; Anak Usia Pra-Sekolah; Gangguan Perkembangan
Zinc oxide, lidocaine, and lateral internal sphincterotomy for fissure-in-ano: a comparative study
Authors: Kaushal Manish , Shukla Arvind , P. Kovarthanan , Shivaprasad Yogesh Heremat 
Published: May 2022

Background: The aim of the study was to choose best method for management of fissure-in-ano. By comparing among zinc oxide pomade, lidocaine pomade and lateral internal sphincterotomy for treatment of anal fissure.Methods: 90 patients who were diagnosed with anal fissure between 2019 and 2021 at our MGM Medical College and M. Y. Hospital were undertaken for this prospective randomized trial. All cases randomized into three groups. Group 1 were the patients who applied 15% of zinc oxide pomade twice a day. Group 2 were the patients would apply 5% of lidocaine pomade twice a day. Group 3 were those undergone with lateral internal sphincterotomy. Healing rates, pain relief, recurrences, changes in symptoms after the treatment and complications were recorded.Results: There were no statistical difference among groups in terms of age and gender. The healing and symptomatic relief in the sphincterotomy group significantly much more when compared to the other groups (p=0.05). Recurrence rate is very less in sphincterotomy group. Conclusions: Lateral internal sphincterotomy is better treatment option when compared to zinc oxide and lidocaine. There was no difference between zinc oxide and lidocaine treatments.
Image, Attachment, Perceived Value and Tourist Behavior in Heritage Tourism: A Study of Wuyishan, China
Authors: Chang Wen-Jung , Yin Jie , Katrichis Jerome M. , Chang Chiung-Yun , Yueh Kuan-Yu 
Published: May 2022

Purpose of the study: China is the second holder of world natural as well as cultural heritage sites. Wuyishan is a natural and cultural World Heritage Site among them. While many factors influencing tourist behaviour have been explored in the context of destination marketing in the past, few of them focused on domestic travel programs.
Methodology: This study administered the survey to 457 valid local visitors who visited Wuyishan on the spot. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to examine the relationships among destination image (DI), destination attachment (DA), perceived value (PV), destination satisfaction (DS), and destination loyalty (DL).
Main findings: Empirical findings highlighted two critical roles of heritage tourism, PV and DS. The former acts as a complete mediator in the relationship between DI and DS, whereas the latter does the same in the relationship between PV and DL.
Originality/value: Managers of tourism and hospitality should offer and shape those unique self-characteristics and attributes first in order to create an impressive PV that will strongly link the DI of these tourists to their DS. By contrast, DA is not a determinant factor in heritage tourism.
Factores determinantes del crecimiento empresarial en MIPYMES afectadas por el COVID-19
Authors: Murrell-Blanco Manfred , Mora-Cruz Alexandra , Gomez-Melendez Agustín 
Published: May 2022

La crisis sanitaria provocada por el virus de la familia de los Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 y su enfermedad denominada COVID-19, ha afectado de manera significativa las empresas tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, lo que ha desencadenado una serie de consecuencias negativas en factores críticos de éxito como las ventas y la contratación de personal, debido a las medidas sanitarias impuestras como factores para mitigar la propagación del COVID-19. El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar la incidencia de variables como el género del empresario, la edad y el tamaño de la empresa, así como el apoyo de los proveedores en la actividad económica de MIPYMES costarricenses en el contexto de la crisis sanitaria y económica. Para la elaboración de este estudio se utilizó una base de datos recolectada por el Ministerio de Economía de Industria y Comercio (MEIC), la cual corresponde a una muestra de 2 718 MIPYMES del parque empresarial. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó un Modelo de Regresión Logística, lo que permitió examinar las relaciones estadísticas significativas de las variables estudiadas. Los resultados respaldan que existe una relación significativa entre el tamaño de la empresa con respecto al nivel de ventas y contratación de personal. Por el contrario, señalan que no existe una relación significativa entre el género de las personas dueñas o administradoras y la edad de las MIPYMES, con respecto a las dos variables dependientes.
Impacto del COVID-19 sobre los costos en la cadena de abastecimiento en los sectores alimenticio, salud, educación, retail y textil
Authors: Coto-Quirós Arianna , Farah-Quirós Jose Nayib , Solano-Marín Katheryn , Méndez-Hidalgo Sebastián , Monge-Camacho Felipe , Rodríguez-Solera Sussan 
Published: May 2022

El virus del SARS-Cov-2 ha producido la pandemia que ha puesto en posición crítica muchos aspectos de la vida normal que se conoce, por medio de esta investigación se busca exponer las principales consecuencias de la pandemia sobre los costos en la cadena de suministro en distintas industrias.
La investigación se basó en la búsqueda de información relacionada con los efectos, los cuales se analizaron en una investigación documental de carácter cualitativo. Se investigó dicho impacto en los sectores de salud, alimenticio, retail, textil y educación.
Para el sector alimenticio, el impacto en la mayoría de las regiones a nivel mundial no fue tan negativo. El sector salud está considerando replantear la distribución de sus productos de manera sostenible. Para el sector de educación la deserción aumentó y los estudiantes estuvieron limitados con los recursos necesarios para la educación virtual.
Por otro lado, para los sectores de retail y textil, se ve un incremento en las compras en línea. Se determinó que, a grandes rasgos en diferentes sectores, el COVID-19 afectó tanto de manera positiva como negativa, y en todas las ocasiones se tuvieron que tomar acciones y soluciones.
The Impact of the Trade War Between the United States and China on ASEAN and Huawei Technologies as Reviewed by Trade, Investment, and Competition Law
Authors: Widjaja Jessica Natalia 
Published: May 2022

<p>The Trade War between the United States and China is impacting the worldwide economy, especially ASEAN part nations. The aim of this paper is to look at the effect of the US-China exchange battle on ASEAN and Huawei Technologies. It is separated into four sections: the initial segment will clarify the idea of worldwide exchange as it is analyzed by profession, speculation, and rivalry law, the subsequent part will clarify the exchange battle between the US and China as it influences ASEAN and Huawei Technologies, and the third part will clarify the job of RCEP as a guide to ASEAN and Huawei Technologies. The result of the analysis shows that the exchange battle between the US and China can be settled by building up an unbiased association as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and that substantial advances can be taken to lessen dependence on the US and China by diminishing commodities and imports, just as expanding and working on the quality of domestic items. </p>
Water Quality Monitoring of Five Karst Springs within a Pastureland in Southwest Polk County, Missouri
Authors: Gómez Ramona , Gutiérrez Mélida 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT
The fractured nature of karst terrain makes these areas highly susceptible to contamination. Besides aquifer contamination, impaired karst springs can negatively impact the aquatic habitat of their receiving streams. Five springs of a shallow karst aquifer in southwest Polk County, Missouri, and their receiving stream were selected to construct a baseline of water quality data, using nitrate (NO3) as indicator. The main land use in the study area is cattle farming. Water samples were collected during a 12-month period and analyzed for pH, turbidity, Ca, Mg, HCO3, Cl, SO4, and NO3. Results show that each spring had its own range of values. NO3 and Cl values were below contamination levels and only in a few instances exceeded threshold levels reported for karst areas (NO3-N &lt;3 mg/L; Cl &lt;13 mg/L), implying that the number of cattle per acre is maintained at a sustainable level and leaking from the Springfield Plateau aquifer to the underlying Ozark aquifer poses a minor threat. Interestingly, NO3 and Cl did not correlate despite their common source, suggesting that they undergo different chemical and microbiological processes along their path. The yearly nitrate export from the Little Sac River was estimated as 286.8 Mg, and the maximum N load was observed in March. Monitoring of springs and streams is recommended for this environmentally fragile area.
Organic Matter and Molecular-Weight Distribution of Hydrocarbons in the Annenskoe Thermal Waters (Far East, Russia)
Authors: Poturay V.A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
—The paper presents new data on the composition of organic matter and the molecular-weight distribution of saturated hydrocarbons in the thermal waters of the Annenskoe field. The TIC chromatograms of extracts of the thermal waters, obtained by capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, revealed 98 organic compounds of biogenic, thermogenic, and technogenic origin. The technogenic components amount to no more than 5%. The geochemical odd–even preference indices of saturated hydrocarbons (CPI, ACL, OEP, and TARHC) are calculated. It is shown that organic matter, in particular, saturated hydrocarbons, results from two processes: thermogenic processes in the water–rock system and bacterial activity. Variations in the composition of organic matter in the Annenskoe thermal waters have been determined for the first time. They are characterized by minor fluctuations within 30 min and serious fluctuations over two years and are expressed as an increase in the portion of thermogenic alkanes and a decrease in the portion of nitrogen-containing components.