bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operational regimes of lasers based on gain media with a large Raman scattering cross-section
Authors: Tereshchenkov E. A. , Andrianov E. S. , Zyablovsky A. A. , Pukhov A. A. , Vinogradov A. P. , Lisyansky A. A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe report on unusual regimes of operation of a laser with a gain medium with a large Raman scattering cross-section, which is often inherent in new types of gain media such as colloidal and epitaxial quantum dots and perovskite materials. These media are characterized by a strong electron–phonon coupling. Using the Fröhlich Hamiltonian to describe the electron–phonon coupling in such media, we analyze the operation of the system above the lasing threshold. We show that below a critical value of the Fröhlich constant, the laser can only operate in the conventional regime: namely, there are coherent cavity photons but no coherent phonons. Above the critical value, a new pump rate threshold appears. Above this threshold, either joint self-oscillations of coherent phonons in the gain medium and photons in a cavity or a chaotic regime are established. We also find a range of the values of the Fröhlich constant, the pump rate, and the resonator eigenfrequency, in which more than one dynamical regime of the system is stable. In this case the laser dynamics is determined by the initial values of the resonator field, the active medium polarization, the population inversion, and phonon amplitude.
Massively parallel identification of functionally consequential noncoding genetic variants in undiagnosed rare disease patients
Authors: McQuerry Jasmine A. , Mclaird Merry , Hartin Samantha N. , Means John C. , Johnston Jeffrey , Pastinen Tomi , Younger Scott T. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractClinical whole genome sequencing has enabled the discovery of potentially pathogenic noncoding variants in the genomes of rare disease patients with a prior history of negative genetic testing. However, interpreting the functional consequences of noncoding variants and distinguishing those that contribute to disease etiology remains a challenge. Here we address this challenge by experimentally profiling the functional consequences of rare noncoding variants detected in a cohort of undiagnosed rare disease patients at scale using a massively parallel reporter assay. We demonstrate that this approach successfully identifies rare noncoding variants that alter the regulatory capacity of genomic sequences. In addition, we describe an integrative analysis that utilizes genomic features alongside patient clinical data to further prioritize candidate variants with an increased likelihood of pathogenicity. This work represents an important step towards establishing a framework for the functional interpretation of clinically detected noncoding variants.
Customized protective visors enabled by closed loop controlled 4D printing
Authors: Ji Qinglei , Wang Xi Vincent , Wang Lihui , Feng Lei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic makes protective visors important for protecting people in close contacts. However, the production of visors cannot be increased greatly in a short time, especially at the beginning of the pandemic. The 3D printing community contributed largely in fabricating the visor frames using the rapid and adaptive manufacturing ability. While there are many open source designs of face visors for affordable 3D printers, all these designs fabricate mono-sized frames without considering diverse users’ dimensions. Here, a new method of visor post-processing technology enabled by closed loop controlled 4D printing is proposed. The new process can further deform the printed visor to any customized size for a more comfortable user experience. FEM analysis of the customized visor also shows consistent wearing experience in different circumstances compared with the old visor design. The fabrication precision and time cost of the method is studied experimentally. A case study regarding the reducing, reusing and recycling (3R) of customized visors in classrooms is proposed to enable the customized visors manufactured in a more sustainable way.
Relationships between the fecundity of bark beetles and the presence of antagonists
Authors: Resnerová Karolina , Schovánková Jolana , Horák Jakub , Holuša Jaroslav 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough previous research has documented the occurrence of antagonists of bark beetles, the studies have only evaluated individual antagonists and have not assessed the overall effect of all antagonists on adult beetles. In this study, we determined which body-cavity antagonists were associated with a reduction in the fecundity and maternal gallery lengths of two important species of bark beetles: Ips typographus on Norway spruce and I. cembrae on European larch. We evaluated these relationships under natural conditions by collecting maternal females in galleries and examining their internal organs. The antagonists in the I. typographus hemolymph had significant negative associations with fecundity and gallery length. These antagonists were mainly nematodes and parasitoids in the hemocoel. In contrast, a positive association between gregarine presence and I. typographus fecundity was found. No antagonist that was likely to significantly alter I. cembrae fecundity or maternal gallery length was proven. Our study provides the first comprehensive assessment of antagonists that may have the potential impact on reduction the fecundity and thereby mass occurrence of these bark beetles.
Integrated transcriptome and endogenous hormone analysis provides new insights into callus proliferation in Osmanthus fragrans
Authors: Gu Heng , Ding Wenjie , Shi Tingting , Ouyang Qixia , Yang Xiulian , Yue Yuanzheng , Wang Lianggui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOsmanthus fragrans is an important evergreen species with both medicinal and ornamental value in China. Given the low efficiency of callus proliferation and the difficulty of adventitious bud differentiation, tissue culture and regeneration systems have not been successfully established for this species. To understand the mechanism of callus proliferation, transcriptome sequencing and endogenous hormone content determination were performed from the initial growth stages to the early stages of senescence on O. fragrans calli. In total, 47,340 genes were identified by transcriptome sequencing, including 1798 previously unidentified genes specifically involved in callus development. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was significantly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, our results from the orthogonal projections to latent structures discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) of six typical hormones in five development stages of O. fragrans calli showed jasmonic acid (JA) could play important role in the initial stages of calli growth, whereas JA and auxin (IAA) were dominant in the early stages of calli senescence. Based on the weighted gene co-expression network analysis, OfSRC2, OfPP2CD5 and OfARR1, OfPYL3, OfEIL3b were selected as hub genes from the modules with the significant relevance to JA and IAA respectively. The gene regulation network and quantitative real-time PCR implied that during the initial stages of callus growth, the transcription factors (TFs) OfERF4 and OfMYC2a could down-regulate the expression of hub genes OfSRC2 and OfPP2CD5, resulting in decreased JA content and rapid callus growth; during the late stage of callus growth, the TFs OfERF4, OfMYC2a and OfTGA21c, OfHSFA1 could positively regulate the expression of hub genes OfSRC2, OfPP2CD5 and OfARR1, OfPYL3, OfEIL3b, respectively, leading to increased JA and IAA contents and inducing the senescence of O. fragrans calli. Hopefully, our results could provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of the proliferation of O. fragrans calli.
Electron irradiation-induced defects for reliability improvement in monolayer MoS2-based conductive-point memory devices
Authors: Wu Xiaohan , Gu Yuqian , Ge Ruijing , Serna Martha I. , Huang Yifu , Lee Jack C. , Akinwande Deji 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMonolayer molybdenum disulfide has been previously discovered to exhibit non-volatile resistive switching behavior in a vertical metal-insulator-metal structure, featuring ultra-thin sub-nanometer active layer thickness. However, the reliability of these nascent 2D-based memory devices was not previously investigated for practical applications. Here, we employ an electron irradiation treatment on monolayer MoS2 film to modify the defect properties. Raman, photoluminescence, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements have been performed to confirm the increasing amount of sulfur vacancies introduced by the e-beam irradiation process. The statistical electrical studies reveal the reliability can be improved by up to 1.5× for yield and 11× for average DC cycling endurance in the devices with a moderate radiation dose compared to unirradiated devices. Based on our previously proposed virtual conductive-point model with the metal ion substitution into sulfur vacancy, Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to illustrate the irradiation effect on device reliability, elucidating a clustering failure mechanism. This work provides an approach by electron irradiation to enhance the reliability of 2D memory devices and inspires further research in defect engineering to precisely control the switching properties for a wide range of applications from memory computing to radio-frequency switches.
Hamiltonian open quantum system toolkit
Authors: Chen Huo , Lidar Daniel A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present an open-source software package called “Hamiltonian Open Quantum System Toolkit" (HOQST), a collection of tools for the investigation of open quantum system dynamics in Hamiltonian quantum computing, including both quantum annealing and the gate-model of quantum computing. It features the key master equations (MEs) used in the field, suitable for describing the reduced system dynamics of an arbitrary time-dependent Hamiltonian with either weak or strong coupling to infinite-dimensional quantum baths. We present an overview of the theories behind the various MEs and provide examples to illustrate typical workflows in HOQST. We present an example that shows that HOQST can provide order of magnitude speedups compared to “Quantum Toolbox in Python" (QuTiP), for problems with time-dependent Hamiltonians. The package is ready to be deployed on high performance computing (HPC) clusters and is aimed at providing reliable open-system analysis tools for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices.
Observing the inner parsec-scale region of candidate neutrino-emitting blazars
Authors: Nanci C. , Giroletti M. , Orienti M. , Migliori G. , Moldón J. , Garrappa S. , Kadler M. , Ros E. , Buson S. , An T. , Pérez-Torres M. A. , D’Ammando F. , Mohan P. , Agudo I. , Sohn B. W. , Castro-Tirado A. J. , Zhang Y. 
Published: May 2022

Context.Many questions concerning the nature of astrophysical counterparts of high-energy neutrinos remain unanswered. There is increasing evidence of a connection between blazar jets and neutrino events, with the flare of theγ-ray blazar TXS 0506+056 in spatial and temporal proximity of IC 170922A representing one of the most outstanding associations of high-energy neutrinos with astrophysical sources reported so far.Aims.With the purpose of characterising potential blazar counterparts to high-energy neutrinos, we analysed the parsec-scale regions ofγ-ray blazars in spatial coincidence with high-energy neutrinos, detected by the IceCube Observatory. Specifically, we intended to investigate peculiar radio properties of the candidate counterparts related to the neutrino production, such as radio flares coincident with the neutrino detection or features in jet morphology (limb brightening, transverse structures).Methods.We collected multi-frequency, very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) follow-up observations of candidate counterparts of four high-energy neutrino events detected by IceCube between January 2019 and November 2020, with a focus onγ-ray-associated objects. We analysed their radio characteristics soon after the neutrino arrival in comparison with archival VLBI observations and low-frequency radio observations. We discussed our results with respect to previous statistical works and studies on the case of TXS 0506+056.Results.We identified and analysed five potential neutrino-emitting blazars in detail. Our results suggest an enhanced state of activity for one source, PKS 1725+123. However, the lack of adequate monitoring prior to the neutrino events was a limitation in tracing radio activity and morphological changes in all the sources.Conclusions.We suggest that PKS 1725+123 is a promising neutrino source candidate. For the other sources, our results alone do not reveal a strong connection between the radio activity state at the neutrino arrival. A larger number of VLBI and multi-wavelength follow-up observations of neutrino events are now essential to our understanding of the neutrino production mechanisms in astrophysical sources.
The fingerprints of misinformation: how deceptive content differs from reliable sources in terms of cognitive effort and appeal to emotions
Authors: Carrasco-Farré Carlos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNot all misinformation is created equal. It can adopt many different forms like conspiracy theories, fake news, junk science, or rumors among others. However, most of the existing research does not account for these differences. This paper explores the characteristics of misinformation content compared to factual news—the “fingerprints of misinformation”—using 92,112 news articles classified into several categories: clickbait, conspiracy theories, fake news, hate speech, junk science, and rumors. These misinformation categories are compared with factual news measuring the cognitive effort needed to process the content (grammar and lexical complexity) and its emotional evocation (sentiment analysis and appeal to morality). The results show that misinformation, on average, is easier to process in terms of cognitive effort (3% easier to read and 15% less lexically diverse) and more emotional (10 times more relying on negative sentiment and 37% more appealing to morality). This paper is a call for more fine-grained research since these results indicate that we should not treat all misinformation equally since there are significant differences among misinformation categories that are not considered in previous studies.
200 mm-scale growth of 2D layered GaSe with preferential orientation
Authors: Martin Mickaël , Pochet Pascal , Okuno Hanako , Alvarez Carlos , Bellet-Amalric Edith , Hauchecorne Pauline , Levert Théo , Pelissier Bernard , Borowik Łukasz , Bassani Franck , David Sylvain , Moeyaert Jeremy , Baron Thierry 
Published: May 2022

In this article, we present a fab-compatible metal–organic chemical vapor deposition growth process, realized in a hydrogen ambience, of two-dimensional (2D) layered GaSe on 200 mm diameter Si(111) wafers. Atomic scale characterization reveals initial stages of growth consisting of passivation of the H–Si (111) surface by a half-monolayer of GaSe, followed by nucleation of 2D-GaSe from the screw dislocations located at the step edges of the substrate. We, thus, demonstrate that by using a Si wafer that is slightly misoriented toward [1̄1̄2], the crystallographic orientation of 2D-GaSe can be step-edge-guided. It results in a coalesced layer that is nearly free from antiphase boundaries. In addition, we propose a sequential process to reduce the density of screw dislocations. This process consists in a subsequent regrowth after partial sublimation of the initially grown GaSe film. The local band bending in GaSe near the antiphase boundaries measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy emphasizes the electrical activity of these defects and the usefulness of having a nearly single-orientation film. Such a low defectivity layer opens up the way toward large-scale integration of 2D-optical transceivers in Si CMOS technology.
New results on search for 2β decay processes in 106Cd using 106CdWO4 scintillator
Authors: Leoncini A , Belli P , Bernabei R , Cappella F , Caracciolo V , Cerulli R , Danevich F A , Inchicchitti A , Kasperovych D V , Klavdiienko V R , Kobychev V V , Merlo V , Polischuk O G , Tretyak V I 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Preliminary researches on double beta decay transitions in 106Cd were carried out using a cadmium tungstate scintillator enriched in 106Cd at 66% (106CdWO4, mass 215.4 g), in coincidence (anticoincidence) with two CdWO4 scintillation detectors composed of natural Cd. The detector system is inserted in the DAMA/R&D setup, placed in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the INFN (LNGS, Italy). The contaminations which appear in the different materials of the experimental apparatus were simulated using Monte Carlo coding. New calculations of half-life limits have been done for various double beta decay channels of 106Cd and are of order of lim

T

1
/
2

∼

10

20

−10

21

yr. These results were derived by means of the analysis of the data accumulated for 467 days. The preliminary estimation on

T

1
/
2

for the positron-emitting electron capture with two neutrinos emission in 106Cd is equal to

T

1
/
2

≥

1.5

×

10

21

yr, which is close to the theoretical forecasts for this process,

T

1
/
2

∼

10

21

−10

22

yr.
Dark matter scattering in astrophysical media: collective effects
Authors: DeRocco William , Galanis Marios , Lasenby Robert 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It is well-known that stars have the potential
to be excellent dark matter detectors.
Infalling dark matter that scatters within stars
could lead to a range of observational
signatures, including stellar heating, black hole formation,
and modified heat transport.
To make robust predictions for such
phenomena, it is necessary to calculate the
scattering rate for dark matter inside the star.
As we show in this paper, for small enough momentum
transfers, this requires taking into account
collective effects within the dense stellar medium.
These effects have been neglected in many previous treatments;
we demonstrate how to incorporate them systematically, and show
that they can parametrically enhance or suppress
dark matter scattering rates depending on how dark matter
couples to the Standard Model.
We show that, as a result, collective effects can significantly
modify the potential discovery or exclusion reach
for observations of compact objects such as white dwarfs and neutron stars.
While the effects are more pronounced for dark matter coupling
through a light mediator,
we show that even for dark matter coupling via a heavy mediator,
scattering rates can differ by orders of magnitude from
their naive values for dark matter masses ≲ 100 MeV.
We also illustrate how collective effects can be important
for dark matter scattering in more dilute media,
such as the Solar core.
Our results demonstrate the need to systematically incorporate
collective effects in a wide range of astroparticle
contexts; to facilitate this, we provide expressions
for in-medium self-energies for a variety of
different media, which are applicable to many other
processes of interest (such as particle production).
Two-mode Schrödinger-cat states with nonlinear optomechanics: generation and verification of non-Gaussian mechanical entanglement
Authors: Kanari-Naish Lydia A , Clarke Jack , Qvarfort Sofia , Vanner Michael R 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cavity quantum optomechanics has emerged as a new platform for quantum science and technology with applications ranging from quantum-information processing to tests of the foundations of physics. Of crucial importance for optomechanics is the generation and verification of non-Gaussian states of motion and a key outstanding challenge is the observation of a canonical two-mode Schrödinger-cat state in the displacement of two mechanical oscillators. In this work, we introduce a pulsed approach that utilizes the nonlinearity of the radiation–pressure interaction combined with photon-counting measurements to generate this entangled non-Gaussian mechanical state, and, importantly, describe a protocol using subsequent pulsed interactions to verify the non-Gaussian entanglement generated. Our pulsed verification protocol allows quadrature moments of the two mechanical oscillators to be measured up to any finite order providing a toolset for experimental characterisation of bipartite mechanical quantum states and allowing a broad range of inseparability criteria to be evaluated. Key experimental factors, such as optical loss and open-system dynamics, are carefully analyzed and we show that the scheme is feasible with only minor improvements to current experiments that operate outside the resolved-sideband regime. Our scheme provides a new avenue for quantum experiments with entangled mechanical oscillators and offers significant potential for further research and development that utilizes such non-Gaussian states for quantum-information and sensing applications, and for studying the quantum-to-classical transition.
A transferable force-field for alkali metal nitrates
Authors: Fantauzzo V , Yeandel S R , Freeman C L , Harding J H 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We present a new rigid-ion force-field for the alkali metal nitrates that is suitable for simulating solution chemistry, crystallisation and polymorphism. We show that it gives a good representation of the crystal structures, lattice energies, elastic and dielectric properties of these compounds over a wide range of temperatures. Since all the alkali metal nitrates are fitted together using a common model for the nitrate anion, the force-field is also suitable for simulating solid solutions. We use the popular Joung and Cheatham model for the interactions of the alkali metal cations with water and obtain the interaction of the nitrate ion with water by fitting to a hydrate.
Purification effect of aquatic plant communities in constructed wetland park: a comparative experiment of Tianhe wetland park in China
Authors: Xiang Luoning , Zhang Hui , Chen Zhuojian , Chen Chumin , Chen Ping , Sang Kun , Hua Guodong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Constructed wetland parks in urban areas can offer the potential for integrating water conservation and purification. Compared with other treatments, filtering out pollutants by wetland plants is one of the methods used widely for its fast processing time and limited costs. And species allocation plays an important role in the purification process. However, some problems are still waiting for further discussions, such as the purification efficiency in winter due to plant growth rate, etc. Against this background, this paper introduced the Tianhe Wetland Park in China as the site for a comparative experiment, to propose a methodology for testing the purification effect under different plant communities. Through site investigation and lab experiments with water monitoring, the process of water purification by wetland was simulated in the park. After a period of observation and measurement, seven water indexes (pH value, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and turbidity) were selected for the evaluation of water quality to compare the different absorption efficiency by different communities. As a result, the research showed that a configuration of plant community using arboreal, emergent, and submerged plants can carry out a good purification effect during the winter, including Callistemon viminalis, Bischofia javanica, Canna indica, Juncus effusus, Vallisneria natans, and Hydrilla verticillata var. rosburghii. The removal rate of DO, TU, COD, TP, and TN by the designed community can reach 43%, 65%, 45%, 51%, and 62% in sampling sites. Finally, based on the research results, further suggestions for the development of wetlands were proposed to improve park management in the study area.