bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near unity Raman β-factor of surface enhanced Raman scattering in a waveguide
Authors: Fu Ming , Mota Mónica , Xiao Xiaofei , Jacassi Andrea , Li Yi , Riaz Ahad , Maier Stefan , Oulton Rupert 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Raman scattering of light by molecular vibrations offers a powerful technique to ‘fingerprint’ molecules via their internal bonds and symmetries. Since Raman scattering is weak1, methods to enhance, direct and harness it are highly desirable, e.g. through the use of optical cavities2, waveguides3–6, and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)7–9. While SERS offers dramatic enhancements6,15,22,2 by localizing light within vanishingly small ‘hot-spots’ in metallic nanostructures, these tiny interaction volumes are only sensitive to few molecules, yielding weak signals that are difficult to detect10 . Here, we show that SERS from 4-Aminothiophenol (4-ATP) molecules bonded to a plasmonic gap waveguide is directed into a single mode with > 99% efficiency. Although sacrificing a confinement dimension, we find > 104 times SERS enhancement across a broad spectral range enabled by the waveguide’s larger sensing volume and non-resonant mode. Remarkably, the waveguide-SERS (W-SERS) is bright enough to image Raman transport across the waveguides exposing the roles of nanofocusing11–13 and the Purcell effect14. Emulating the e-factor from laser physics15–17, the near unity Raman -factor observed exposes the SERS technique in a new light and points to alternative routes to controlling Raman scattering. The ability of W-SERS to direct Raman scattering is relevant to Raman sensors based on integrated photonics7–9 with applications in gas and bio-sensing as well as healthcare.
Decarbonization pathways for the residential sector in the United States
Authors: Berrill Peter , Wilson Eric J.H. , Reyna Janet , Fontanini Anthony D. , Hertwich Edgar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Residential GHG emissions in the United States are driven in part by a housing stock where on-site fossil combustion is common, home sizes are large by international standards, energy efficiency potential is large, and electricity generation in many regions is GHG-intensive. In this analysis we assess decarbonization pathways for the United States residential sector to 2060, through 108 scenarios describing housing stock evolution, new housing characteristics, renovation levels, and clean electricity. The lowest emission scenarios rely on very rapid decarbonization of electricity supply alongside extensive renovations to existing homes—focused on improving thermal envelopes and heat pump electrification of heating. Reducing the size, increasing the multifamily share, and increasing the electrification of new homes provide further emission cuts, and combining all strategies enables emissions reductions of 91% between 2020 and 2050. Construction becomes the main source of emissions in the most ambitious scenarios, motivating increased attention on reducing embodied emissions.
Highly Reliable Flexible Device With Charge Compensation Layer
Authors: Kim Hyojung , Park Jongwoo , Khim Taeyoung , Hwang Hyuncheol , Park Jungmin , Han Chanhee , Yoo Jongmin , Kim Dongbhin , Song Jangkun , Choi Byoungdeog 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Flexible devices fabricated with polyimide (PI) substrate are crucial for foldable, rollable, or stretchable products in various applications. However, inherent technical challenges remain in mobile charge induced device instabilities and image retention, significantly hindering future technologies. We introduced a new barrier material, SiCOH, into the backplane of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a–IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) that were then implemented into production-level flexible panels. We found that the SiCOH layer effectively compensates the surface charging induced by fluorine ions at the interface between the PI substrate and the barrier layer under bias stress, thereby preventing abnormal positive Vth shifts and image disturbance. The a–IGZO TFTs, metal-insulator-metal (MIM), and metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) capacitors with the SiCOH layer demonstrate reliable device performance, Vth shifts, and capacitance changes with an increase in the gate bias stress. A flexible device with SiCOH enables the suppression of abnormal Vth shifts associated with PI and plays a vital role in the degree of image sticking phenomenon. This work provides new inspirations to creating much improved process integrity and paves the way for expediting versatile form-factors.
Comprehensive Analysis and Validation Reveal Potential MYCN Regulatory Biomarkers Associated with Prognosis of Neuroblastoma
Authors: Chen Bo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonic malignant tumor that occurs in the sympathetic nervous system. The treatment effect of patients in the high-risk group is poor, and relapse and treatment failure can occur even with multiple combination treatments. MYCN is an independent prognostic factor for NB, and the proportion of MYCN amplification in tumor tissues of high-risk patients reaches 40-50%. Hence, exploring new MYCN targeting molecules is a meaningful way to treat high-risk NB patients.
Methods

The microarray datasets were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus, and differentially expressed genes were identified. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and miRPathDB were used for function and pathway analysis. The STRING and Cytoscape were used to construct a protein-protein interaction network and modular analysis. The miRNet and NetworkAnalyst databases were used to predict and construct target gene-miRNA and target gene-TF networks. The R2 database was used for expression, correlation, and prognosis analysis. The diagnostic effect of the biomarkers was predicted by ROC analysis, and rt-PCR was used to verify the hub genes. Finally, used specific siRNA and plasmid to knockdown and overexpressed MYCN, the mRNA levels were verified.
Results

We identified 431 DEGs and FBXO9, HECW2, MIB2, RNF19B, RNF213, TRIM36, and ZBTB16 as novel biomarkers that affect the prognosis of the NB patients. In addition, FBXO9, RNF19B, and TRIM36 were preliminarily confirmed to be potential targeting molecules of MYCN.
Conclusions

Our results are expected to become novel biomarkers for the treatment of high-risk NB patients.
Early signatures of breast cancer up to seven years prior to clinical diagnosis in plasma cell-free DNA methylomes
Authors: Cheng Nicholas , Skead Kimberly , Ouellette Tom , Bratman Scott , De Carvalho Daniel , Soave David , Awadalla Philip 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Limited studies to date have investigated the detectability of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) markers in asymptomatic individuals prior to a cancer diagnosis. Here, we performed cfDNA methylation profiling in blood of individuals up to seven years prior to a breast cancer diagnosis in addition to matched cancer-free controls (n=150). We identified cfDNA differentially methylated signatures that discriminated cancer-free controls from pre-diagnosis breast cancer cases over five years prior to diagnosis and demonstrate that these markers were reflective of methylation profiles in breast cancer tissue. We report classification of a range of pre-diagnosis breast cancer cases detected at Stage I (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.771), and in cases with a negative mammogram screening within a year of blood collection (AUC of 0.852). This study provides evidence that cfDNA methylation markers indicative of breast cancers can be detected in blood among asymptomatic individuals prior to clinical detection.
Low Positive Rates for HBeAg and HBV DNA in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients—A Case-Control Study
Authors: Jia Yue , Zhang Jingjing , Mo Lingfei , Ju Bomiao , Hu Nan , Wang Yanhua , Wang Pei , zheng Jie , He Lan , Wang Jing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

The rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were controversial when considering the reported outcomes. It was speculated that HBV infection status altered after suffering from RA, and variations over HBV infection rates became apparent.
Methods

To compare the positive proportions of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and HBV DNA, a case-control study was performed between the 27 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with RA and the 108 age-and gender-matched CHB patients. In addition, the positive rates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) were surveyed among the 892 RA patients.
Results

Compared to the CHB patients, the CHB patients with RA exhibited lower rates of HBeAg positivity (11.1% vs. 35.2%, P = 0.003), HBV DNA positivity (37.0% vs. 63.9%, P = 0.007) and ALT elevation (11.1% vs. 35.2%, P = 0.024). In the 892 RA patients, the prevalence of HBsAg (3.0%) was lower than that of China national data (7.2%), whereas the anti-HBc positive rate of 44.6% was higher than that of 34.1%.
Conclusion

HBV infection status altered after suffering from RA. Compared to the matched CHB patients, low positive proportions of HBeAg and HBV DNA were observed for CHB patients with RA.
Rituximab With High-Dose Methotrexate In Newly Diagnosed Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: a Single-Center Experience From China
Authors: Yuan Xianggui , Yu Teng , Huang Yurong , Jiang Huawei , Xu Xiaohua , Liang Yun , Qian Wen-Bin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Induction chemotherapy based on high-dose methotrexate is considered as the standard approach for newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs). However, the best combination chemotherapeutic regimen remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and toxicities of rituximab with methotrexate (R-M regimen). Consecutive 37 Chinese patients receiving R-M regimen as induction chemotherapy were retrospectively identified from January 2015 to June 2020 from our center in eastern China. Fourteen patients receiving rituximab plus methotrexate with cytarabine (R-MA regimen) at the same period were identified as the positive control group. The response rates, survival, toxicities, length of hospital stay (LOS), and cost were compared. Compared with the R-MA regimen, the R-M regimen showed comparable response rate and survival outcomes, but had fewer grade 3-4 hematological toxicities, shorter LOS, lower mean total hospitalization cost and lower mean total antibiotic cost. Overall response after two cycles of chemotherapy, complete remission at the end of induction chemotherapy and ECOG>3 were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. In conclusion, R-M regimen is an effective and well-tolerated combination treatment for PCNSLs, which warrants further evaluation in randomized trials.
Abplatin(IV) Inhibited Tumor Growth On A Patient Derived Cancer Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma And Its Comparative Multi-Omics Study With Cisplatin
Authors: Li Xing , Zhang Lingpu , Li Tuo , Li Shumu , Wu Wenjing , Zhao Lingyu , Xie Peng , Yang Jinqi , Li Peipei , Zhang Yangyang , Xiao Haihua , Yu Yingjie , Zhao Zhenwen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Cisplatin is the most common antitumor alkylating agent of platinum(II) (Pt(II)) in clinic, however it had many side effects. It is necessary to develop low toxicity platinum(IV) (Pt(IV)) drugs. Multi-omics was frequently used to help one understand the mechanism of a certain therapy at the molecular level. Little was known about the mechanism of Pt(IV) drugs, which may be benifical for clinical translation. Methods: We developed a Pt(IV) drug of cisplatin with two hydrophobic aliphatic chains and further encapsulated it with a drug carrier human serum albumin (HSA) to prepare Abplatin(IV). Transcriptomics, metabolomics and lipidomics were performed to clarify the mechanism of Pt(IV) drugs. T-test assay and fold change were used to find the differential substances.Results: We had further shown Abplatin(IV) had better tumor-targeting performance and greater tumor inhibtion rate than cisplatin. Lipidomics study showed that Abplatin(IV) might induce the changes of BEL-7404 cell membrane, and caused the disorder of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. In addition, transcriptomics and metabolomics study showed that Abplatin(IV) mainly disturbed more significant purine metabolism pathway than cisplatin.Conclusions: This research highlighted the development of Abplatin(IV) and the use of multi-omics to help one understand the mechanism of action of prodrugs and their DDS, which was the key to the clinical translation of them.
The Work-Related Stress Experienced by Registered Nurses at Municipal Aged Care Facilities: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Arén Cilmara , From Ingrid , Jaçelli Armand , Gesar Berit 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Stress can originate from many different unsatisfying work situations. Registered nurses working in municipal care have experience of work-related stress in different ways.
Aim

The purpose of this study was to describe the work-related stress experienced by registered nurses caring for older people at municipal aged care facilities.
Methods

Qualitative semi-structured interviews according to Polit and Beck were carried out in clinical work at six different municipal aged care facilities in Sweden. Twelve registered nurses participated in the study.
Results

The results outlined in one main central theme: Feelings of inadequacy and dissatisfaction contribute to work-related stress and three categories: Difficulty coping with work tasks, Insufficient support, Work-related stress affects private lives. Areas identified were lack of time, staff shortages, high number of patients, lack of communication and teamwork in the working group, showing that inadequacy and dissatisfaction can contribute to work-related stress. This can contribute to work-related stress, and it can be a result of problems in the organizational and social work environment.
Conclusion

This study showed the everyday experiences of registered nurses’ stress at work. The reasons that registered nurses experience a heavy workload were found to be similar in several municipal care facilities. Future interventions should consider the areas of stress found in this study in order to reduce the risk of further increasing the work-related stress experienced by registered nurses working in municipal aged care.
Changes in forest composition and associated biophysical climate feedbacks across boreal North America
Authors: Massey Richard , Rogers Brendan , Berner Logan , Cooperdock Sol , Mack Michelle , Walker Xanthe , Goetz Scott 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Deciduous tree cover is expected to increase in North American boreal forests with climate warming and wildfire occurrence. This shift in composition can generate biophysical cooling effects via increased land surface albedo. Here we use newly derived maps of continuous tree canopy and fractional deciduous cover to assess change over recent decades. We find on average a small net decrease in deciduous fraction cover from 2000 to 2015 across boreal North America, and from 1992 to 2015 across Canada, despite extensive fire disturbance that locally increased deciduous vegetation. We further find a near-neutral net biophysical change in radiative forcing across the domain due to relatively small net changes in albedo. Thus, while there have been widespread changes in forest composition over the past several decades across the domain, the net changes in composition and associated post-fire radiative forcing have not yet induced systematic negative feedbacks to climate warming.
Butyrate Emerges as a Crucial Effector of Zhi-Zi-Chi Decoctions to Ameliorate Depression via Multiple Pathways of Brain-gut Axis
Authors: Liu Jialin , Fang Yichao , Cui Lixun , Wang Zhongzhao , Luo Yusha , Gao Congcong , Ge Wen , Huang Taohong , Wen Jun , Zhou Tingting 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Gut microbiota has emerged as a crucial target of gut-brain axis to influence brain and behavior and also has been closely connected with depression. Zhi-Zi-Chi decoctions (ZZCD), as a classic oral formula in clinic prescribed to clear heat and relieve restlessness traditionally, is widely applied in depression treatment nowadays. However, the underlying mechanism in the antidepressant activity of ZZCD remains largely unknown. Our previous study revealed that isoflavones, the bioactive constituents of Semen Sojae Praeparatum, benefited health by regulating the gut microbiota, which introduced the gut microbiota into understanding the mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Hence, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the antidepressant mechanism of ZZCD by focusing on the gut microbiota. Results: A classic depression model of chronic mild unpredictable stress (CUMS) was established in rats based on the results of behavioral tests and hippocampal histomorphology. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that ZZCD could increase short-chain fatty acid-producing and anti-inflammatory bacteria and reduce inflammatory and tryptophan-metabolizing bacteria, which reflected the changes of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), inflammation and tryptophan metabolism from the perspective of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, ZZCD reversed the alterations of BDNF, TNF-α, pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotransmitters in the gut, blood and brain along the brain-gut axis and restored the decrease of butyrate in cecal content caused by CUMS. Then, butyrate was utilized to validate its ameliorative effect on pathological characteristics of depressive rats. Conclusions: Taken together, these results show that ZZCD exhibits antidepressant effect through modulating gut microbiota to facilitate the production of butyrate, which further regulate anti-inflammation, neurotransmitters, endocrine and BDNF along the gut-brain axis. Hence, this study fills the gap of the antidepressive mechanism of ZZCD in the light of the brain-gut axis and established a multi-targets and multi-levels platform eventually for further research into the mechanism of other TCM efficacy.
G-ROP Criteria for Predicting Retinopathy of Prematurity Among Neonates with Different Birth Weight Percentiles
Authors: Gunes Asli Okbay , Topcuoglu Sevilay , Celik Gokhan , Kizilay Osman , Akyurekli Muhammed Ali Recai , Karadag Nilgun , Ozalkaya Elif , Karatekin Guner 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To determine whether being small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) affected the sensitivity and specificity of Postnatal Growth and Retinopathy of Prematurity (G-ROP) model. Methods: We applied the G-ROP criteria, except hydrocephalus, for prematures retrospectively. The infants were divided into three subgroups according to birth weight percentiles (SGA, AGA, LGA), and the performance of the G-ROP criteria was tested for each group by calculating sensitivity and specificity for any stage retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and severe ROP. Severe ROP was defined as ROP needing treatment. Results: Three hundred and ninety neonates screened for ROP were included. The gestational age and birth weight of the neonates were 29.3±2.9 weeks and 1302.9±416 g, respectively. There were 41 (10.5%) SGA, 312 (80%) AGA and 37 (9.5%) LGA neonates. The sensitivity of the model for any ROP was 67.8%, 66.7%, 73.2%, 55.6% for all of the patients in the study, SGA, AGA, and LGA neonates, respectively. The sensitivity of the model for severe ROP in all group and for each subgroup was 100%. The specificity of the model for any ROP was 65.9%, 70.6%, 87.7%, 90% for all of the patients, SGA, AGA, and LGA neonates, respectively. The specificity for severe ROP was 46.4%, 50%, 44%, 63.6% for all of the patients, SGA, AGA, and LGA neonates, respectively.Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of the G-ROP model in SGA infants were similar with the whole group, but was different between SGA, AGA and LGA neonates. Although the model did not miss any severe ROP, the specificity of the model for severe ROP was found low.
Long COVID Occurrence in COVID-19 Survivors
Authors: Sugiyama Aya , Miwata Kei , Kitahara Yoshihiro , Okimoto Mafumi , Abe Kanon , Bunthen E , OUOBA Serge , Akita Tomoyuki , Tanimine Naoki , Ohdan Hideki , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Nagasawa Akira , Nakanishi Toshio , Takafuta Toshiro , Tanaka Junko 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the post-acute consequences of COVID-19. We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey on sequelae, psychological distress (K6), impairments in work performance (WFun), and COVID-19–related experiences of stigma and discrimination in two designated COVID-19 hospitals in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, between August 2020 and March 2021. The prevalence of sequelae were calculated by age and COVID-19 severity. Factors independently associated with sequelae or psychological distress were identified using logistic regression analysis. Among 127 patients who had recovered from COVID-19, 52.0% had persistent symptoms at a median of 29 days [IQR 23–128] after COVID-19 onset. Among patients with mild COVID-19, 50.5% had sequelae. The most frequent symptoms were olfactory disorders (15.0%), taste disorders (14.2%), and cough (14.2%). Multivariate analysis showed that age was an independent risk factor for sequelae (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] for ≥60 years vs. <40 years 3.84, p=0.0139). Possible psychological distress was noted in 30.7% (17.9% of males and 45.0% of females). Female sex and the presence of sequelae were independent risk factors for psychological distress. Of all participants 29.1% had possible impairments in work performance. Experiences of stigma and discrimination were reported by 43.3% of participants. This study revealed the significant impacts of Long COVID on health in local communities. A large-scale, long-term cohort study is desired.
Adaptive Sparse Domain Selection for Weather Radar Super-Resolution using Decision Support System
Authors: Yuan Haoxuan , Ihsan Rahat 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Accurate and high-resolution weather radar data reflecting detailed structure information of radar echo plays an important role in analysis and forecast of extreme weather. Typically, this is done using interpolation schemes, which only use several neighboring data values for computational approximation to get the estimated, resulting the loss of intense echo information. Focus on this limitation, a super-resolution reconstruction algorithm of weather radar data based on adaptive sparse domain selection (ASDS) is proposed in this article. First, the ASDS algorithm gets a compact dictionary by learning the pre-collected data of model weather radar echo patches. Second, the most relevant sub-dictionaries are adaptively select for each low-resolution echo patches during the spare coding using a complex decision support system. Third, two adaptive regularization terms are introduced to further improve the reconstruction effect of the edge and intense echo information of the radar echo. Experimental results show that the ASDS algorithm substantially outperforms interpolation methods for ×2 and ×4 reconstruction in terms of both visual quality and quantitative evaluation metrics.