bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of utilization and short-term complications of technology-assisted versus conventional total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Simcox Trevor , Singh Vivek , Oakley Christian T. , Barzideh Omid S. , Schwarzkopf Ran , Rozell Joshua C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
While technology-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TA-TKA) improves implant positioning, whether it confers improved clinical outcomes remains inconclusive. We sought to examine national TA-TKA utilization trends and to compare outcomes between TA-TKA and unassisted TKA (U-TKA).

Methods
Patients who underwent primary, elective TKA from 2010 to 2018 were identified using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Demographic, perioperative, and 30-day outcomes were collected. Patients were stratified on the basis of whether they underwent TA-TKA, which included computer navigation and robotics, or U-TKA. The proportion of patients undergoing TKA using TA-TKA was calculated. One-to-one propensity-score matching paired patients undergoing TA-TKA or U-TKA. Independent samples t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare continuous variables, and chi-squared tests were used to compare categorical variables.

Results
Of the 402,284 TKA patients, 10,429 (2.6%) cases were performed using TA-TKA. Comparing the unmatched TA-TKA and U-TKA groups, race (p < 0.001), smoking status (p = 0.050), baseline functional status (p < 0.001), and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) significantly differed. Propensity-score matching yielded 8633 TA-TKA and U-TKA pairs. The TA-TKA cohort had shorter hospital length of stay (LOS) (2.7 ± 2.5 versus 2.8 ± 1.9 days, p = 0.017) but similar operative times (92.4 ± 33.4 versus 92.6 ± 39.8 min, p = 0.670). Compared with the U-TKA group, the TA-TKA group had lower major complication (7.6% versus 9.4%, p < 0.001) and transfusion (3.9% versus 5.1%, p < 0.001) rates and higher rates of discharge to home (73.9% versus 70.4%, p < 0.001). Reoperation and readmission rates did not significantly differ between groups.

Conclusions
TA-TKA utilization remains low among orthopedic surgeons. Compared with U-TKA, TA-TKA yielded improved perioperative and 30-day outcomes. Nonetheless, surgeons must consider the benefits and drawbacks of TA-TKA when determining the proper surgical technique and technology for each patient.

Level III evidence
Retrospective cohort study.
The role of protein phosphatase 2A tau axis in traumatic brain injury therapy
Authors: Mahamane Salissou Maibouge Tanko , Razak Mahaman Yacoubou Abdoul , Wang Xiaochuan , Magaji Rabiu AbduSSALAM 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a debilitating disorder due to trauma caused by an external mechanical force eventually leading to disruption in the normal function of the brain, with possible outcomes including permanent or temporary dysfunction of cognitive, physical, and psychosocial abilities. There have been several studies focusing on the search and innovation of neuroprotective agents that could have therapeutic relevance in TBI management. Due to its complexity, TBI is divided into two major components. The first initial event is known as the primary injury; it is a result of the mechanical insult itself and is known to be irreversible and resistant to a vast variety of therapeutics. The secondary event or secondary brain injury is viewed as a cellular injury that does not manifest immediately after the trauma but evolved after a delay period of hours or several days. This category of injury is known to respond favorably to different pharmacological treatment approaches.

Main body
Due to the complexity in the pathophysiology of the secondary injury, the therapeutic strategy needs to be in a multi-facets model and to have the ability to simultaneously regulate different cellular changes. Several studies have investigated in deep the possible approaches relying on natural compounds as an alternative therapeutic strategy for the management of TBI. In addition, many natural compounds have the potential to target numerous different components of the secondary injury including neuroinflammation, apoptosis, PP2A, tau, and Aβ among others. Here, we review past and current strategies in the therapeutic management of TBI, focusing on the PP2A-tau axis both in animal and human subjects. This review uncovers, in addition, a variety of compounds used in TBI therapy.

Conclusion
Despite beneficial therapeutic effects observed in animals for many compounds, studies are still needed to be conducted on human subjects to validate their therapeutic virtues. Furthermore, potential therapeutic virtues observed among studies might likely be dependent on the TBI animal model used and the type of induced injury. In addition, specificity and side effects are challenges in TBI therapy specifically which site of PP2A dysfunction to be targeted.
Using socially distanced and online simulation training to improve the confidence of junior doctors in psychiatry
Authors: Hewson Thomas , Foster Hayley , Sanderson Ruth 
Published: March 2022

Aims and methodThe authors designed and delivered simulation training to improve the confidence and competence of junior doctors beginning work in psychiatry. Junior doctors completed various simulated psychiatry scenarios while receiving personalised feedback and teaching from their peers in online or socially distanced settings. Learners rated their confidence in psychiatry skills pre- and post-session, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were conducted to detect statistically significant differences. Qualitative feedback was analysed thematically.ResultsTwenty-one junior doctors attended the training. There were statistically significant (P < 0.05) improvements in trainee confidence across all psychiatry skills tested. The most enjoyable aspects of the session included its ‘interactivity’, relevance to clinical practice, and ‘realistic’ and ‘interesting’ simulated scenarios.Clinical implicationsNear-peer simulation teaching, delivered both in person and online, is effective at improving junior doctors’ confidence in psychiatry. Delivering this training during placement induction could help to ensure adequate preparation of, and support for, new doctors.
Women With Turner Syndrome Are Both Estrogen and Androgen Deficient: The Impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Viuff Mette Hansen , Just Jesper , Brun Sara , Dam Tine Vrist , Hansen Mette , Melgaard Lars , Hougaard David M , Lappe Michael , Gravholt Claus Højbjerg 
Published: March 2022

AbstractContextWomen with Turner syndrome (TS) suffer from hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, causing a deficit in gonadal hormone secretion. As a consequence, these women are treated with estrogen from the age of 12 years, and later in combination with progesterone. However, androgens have been given less attention.ObjectiveTo assess sex hormone levels in women with TS, both those treated and those nontreated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and investigate the impact of HRT on sex hormone levels.MethodsAt Aarhus University Hospital, 99 women with TS were followed 3 times from August 2003 to February 2010. Seventeen were lost during follow-up. Control group 1 consisted of 68 healthy age-matched control women seen once during this period. Control group 2 consisted of 28 young, eumenorrheic women sampled 9 times throughout the same menstrual cycle. Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17β-estradiol, estrone sulfate, DHEAS, testosterone, free androgen index, androstenedione, 17-OH progesterone, and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) were analyzed.ResultsAll androgens, 17-OH progesterone, and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) were 30% to 50% lower in TS compared with controls (P &lt; 0.01). FSH, LH, and estrone sulfate were more than doubled in women with TS compared with controls (P &lt; 0.02). Using principal component analysis, we describe a positive correlation between women with TS receiving HRT, elevated levels of SHBG, and decreased levels of androgens.ConclusionThe sex hormone profile in TS reveals a picture of androgen deficiency, aggravated further by HRT. Conventional HRT does not normalize estradiol levels in TS.
Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia Type 1 (ADH1) Associated With Myoclonus and Intracerebral Calcifications
Authors: Elston Marianne S , Elajnaf Taha , Hannan Fadil M , Thakker Rajesh V 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAutosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1) is a disorder of extracellular calcium homeostasis caused by germline gain-of-function mutations of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). More than 35% of ADH1 patients have intracerebral calcifications predominantly affecting the basal ganglia. The clinical consequences of such calcifications remain to be fully characterized, although the majority of patients with these calcifications are considered to be asymptomatic. We report a 20-year-old female proband with a severe form of ADH1 associated with recurrent hypocalcemic and hypercalcemic episodes, persistent childhood hyperphosphatemia, and a low calcium/phosphate ratio. From the age of 18 years, she had experienced recurrent myoclonic jerks affecting the upper limbs that were not associated with epileptic seizures, extra-pyramidal features, cognitive impairment, or alterations in serum calcium concentrations. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed calcifications of the globus pallidus regions of the basal ganglia bilaterally, and also the frontal lobes at the gray-white matter junction, and posterior horn choroid plexuses. The patient’s myoclonus resolved following treatment with levetiracetam. CASR mutational analysis identified a reported germline gain-of-function heterozygous missense mutation, c.2363T&gt;G; p.(Phe788Cys), which affects an evolutionarily conserved phenylalanine residue located in transmembrane domain helix 5 of the CaSR protein. Analysis of the cryo-electron microscopy CaSR structure predicted the wild-type Phe788 residue to form interactions with neighboring phenylalanine residues, which likely maintain the CaSR in an inactive state. The p.(Phe788Cys) mutation was predicted to disrupt these interactions, thereby leading to CaSR activation. These findings reveal myoclonus as a novel finding in an ADH1 patient with intracerebral calcifications.
Memory Ideologies of Two Presents: Aatami Kuortti's Testimonies of the Gulag and Soviet Terror of Ingrian Finns
Authors: Savolainen Ulla 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article attends to literary testimonies of the Gulag and Soviet terror by an Ingrian Finnish man called Aatami Kuortti from the perspective of cultural memory. By analyzing two testimonies by Kuortti published in Finland in 1934 and 1964, the article focuses on “memory ideologies,” namely, the underlying conceptions concerning the nature, functions, and consequences of memory reflected in the testimonies. Contextualizing the works with respect to the times of their publication and analyzing differences between them, it will argue that Kuortti's testimonies represent two different types of memory ideologies: instrumental and reflexive. Moreover, the article suggests that the significance of the notion of memory ideology is that it affords systematic analysis of the ways in which memory is conceptualized on various levels of culture in general and mobilized in literary testimonies and memoirs in particular. It is a useful concept for analyzing beliefs, conceptions, and principles that people and societies reflexively associate with memory. The importance of understanding memory ideologies lies in the fact that they regiment the ways in which people and societies use and interpret memory, and in these processes make evaluations with social, political, and ethical ramifications.
A qualitative study to explore opinions of Saudi Arabian radiologists concerning AI-based applications and their impact on the future of the radiology
Authors: Alsharif Walaa , Qurashi Abdulaziz , Toonsi Fadi , Alanazi Ali , Alhazmi Fahad , Abdulaal Osamah , Aldahery Shrooq , Alshamrani Khalid 
Published: March 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore opinions and views towards radiology AI among Saudi Arabian radiologists including both consultants and trainees. Methods: A qualitative approach was adopted, with radiologists working in radiology departments in the Western region of Saudi Arabia invited to participate in this interview-based study. Semi-structured interviews (n = 30) were conducted with consultant radiologists and trainees. A qualitative data analysis framework was used based on Miles and Huberman’s philosophical underpinnings. Results: Several factors, such as lack of training and support, were attributed to the non-use of AI-based applications in clinical practice and the absence of radiologists’ involvement in AI development. Despite the expected benefits and positive impacts of AI on radiology, a reluctance to use AI-based applications might exist due to a lack of knowledge, fear of error and concerns about losing jobs and/or power. Medical students’ radiology education and training appeared to be influenced by the absence of a governing body and training programmes. Conclusion: The results of this study support the establishment of a governing body or national association to work in parallel with universities in monitoring training and integrating AI into the medical education curriculum and residency programmes. Advances in knowledge: An extensive debate about AI-based applications and their potential effects was noted, and considerable exceptions of transformative impact may occur when AI is fully integrated into clinical practice. Therefore, future education and training programmes on how to work with AI-based applications in clinical practice may be recommended.
From the lab to the field: acceptability of using electroencephalography with Indian preschool children
Authors: Lockwood Estrin Georgia , Bhavnani Supriya , Goodwin Amy , Arora Rashi , Divan Gauri , Haartsen Rianne , Mason Luke , Patel Vikram , Johnson Mark H. , Jones Emily J.H. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Measurement of social and cognitive brain development using electroencephalography (EEG) offers the potential for early identification of children with elevated risk of developmental delay. However, there have been no published reports of how acceptable EEG technology is to parents and children within communities, especially in low-resource contexts such as in low and middle income countries (LMICs), which is an important question for the potential scalability of these assessments. We use a mixed-methods approach to examine whether EEG assessments are acceptable to children and their caregivers in a low resource community setting in India. Methods: We assessed the acceptability of neurophysiology research and Braintools (a novel neurodevelopmental assessment toolkit using concurrent EEG and eye-tracking technology) using: 1) a child engagement measure, 2) interviews with caregivers (n=8); 3) survey about caregiver’s experience (n=36). Framework analysis was used to analyse interview data. Results: Key topics were examined using the framework analysis: 1) parental experience of the assessment; and 2) the acceptability of research. From topic 1, four sub-themes were identified: i) caregivers’ experience of the assessment, ii) caregivers’ perception of child's experience of assessment, iii) logistical barriers and facilitators to participation, and iv) recommendations for improvement. From topic 2, three themes were identified: i) caregivers' understanding of the research, ii) barriers to participation, and iii) facilitators to participation. Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time the acceptability of conducting neurodevelopmental assessments using concurrent EEG and eye-tracking in preschool children in uncontrolled community LMIC settings. This kind of research appears to be acceptable to the community and we identify potential barriers and facilitators of this research, thus allowing for future large scale research projects to be conducted investigating neurodevelopment and risk factors for suboptimal development in LMICs.
Quantifying the effectiveness and health co-benefits of climate change mitigation actions across sectors: a protocol for an umbrella review
Authors: Belesova Kristine , Green Rosemary , Clercq-Roques Romain , Falconer Jane , Waddington Hugh Sharma , Whitmee Sarah , Haines Andy 
Published: March 2022

Background: Effective and rapid actions are required to achieve global goals for climate change mitigation, and there is an opportunity to ensure that the actions taken are also positive for human health. However, little is known about the relative magnitude of the health co-benefits that can be achieved from mitigation actions, so robust and comprehensive syntheses of the evidence on the nature and effects of relevant actions are required. This paper presents a protocol for an interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral umbrella review of systematic reviews, synthesising modelled and empirical evidence on such actions. Methods: Nine bibliographic databases will be searched, capturing literature across a wide range of disciplines and sectors. Unique records retrieved by the searches will be screened by two independent reviewers. The quality of all the included systematic reviews will be assessed using A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 critical appraisal tool. Data will be extracted on methodological and thematic characteristics of the reviews, nature of the actions, and their effects on greenhouse gas emission reduction, health, and its determinants, as well as any other reported effects and interactions across different actions. Results: Narrative and quantitative synthesis methods will be used to create a typology of relevant actions, map pathways to their impacts on health, compare the magnitude of health and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction impacts by selected characteristics of the actions and the nature of the evidence, as well as to identify gaps in evidence syntheses. Conclusion: This review will identify the most effective actions for global climate change mitigation and health based on the best available scientific evidence. This protocol has been registered in PROSPERO, Reg No.: CRD42021239292.
Doktryna protestancka na kartach śląskich druków kalendarzowych do połowy XVIII w
Authors: Bryłka-Jesionek Agata 
Published: March 2022

PROTESTANT DOCTRINE IN SILESIAN CALENDARS BEFORE THE MID-18TH CENTURY
This article looks at the issue of confesionality and the presence of Protestant doctrine in early modern calendars produced in Silesia. The article is based on an examination of 78 early modern calendars (16th through mid-18th century), which were printed in Silesian printing houses (including Breslau, Brzeg, Legnica, Kłodzko, Kożuchów, Nysa and Opawa). Of the calendars bearing the names of editors/authors, 17 were Protestant. While some of these figures were pastors, others were intellectuals who associated with Protestant groups. Silesian calendars were addressed to both Protestants and Catholics. This dual religious character reflected the contemporary Silesian political context, which was fraught with religious tension. While these conditions stimulated a broad religious neutrality, leading many to avoid any direct reference to either Protestant reformers or their doctrines in published works, some Protestant religious ideals nevertheless permeated calendars. The goal of this infiltration, often couched in religious and biblical phrases, was to educate readers on specific social values and work ethic, morality, obedience to superiors, and openness to the outside world.
When Should Control Be Shared?
Authors: Meyersson Milgrom Eva M , Milgrom Paul , Singh Ravi 
Published: March 2022

A common pattern of control in firms is for management to retain a broad set of rights, whereas the remaining stakeholders’ contracts provide them with targeted veto rights over specific classes of decisions. We explain this pattern of control sharing as an efficient organizational response that balances the need to encourage management to account for stakeholders’ interests against the need to prevent self-interested stakeholders from blocking valuable proposals. Enforceable obligations of good faith and fair dealing play an essential role in facilitating undivided management control of many decisions. With these legal protections (but not without them), shared control is more likely when the parties are more symmetrically informed and hence, better able to bargain to efficient decisions. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Funding: Financial support for the research of P. Milgrom was provided by the National Science Foundation [Grants ITR-0427770 and SES-1947514].
Design of Microstrip Filter by Modeling with Reduced Data
Authors: Uluslu Ahmet 
Published: March 2022

Many design optimization problems have high-scale problems that require the use of a fast, efficient, accurate, and reliable model. Recently, artificial-intelligence-based models have been used in the field of microwave engineering to model complex microwave stages. Here, an eight-layer symmetrical microstrip low-pass filter (LPF) is modeled using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) with reduced data with Latin hypercube sampling. It is used to obtain target−-test relationships in the MLP model along the frequency band whose electrical length in each layer determines the performance of the microstrip filter. Electrical length lower and upper limits were preferred in the widest range. The study presents the design and analysis of a non-uniform symmetrical microstrip LPF with a cutoff frequency of 2.4 GHz. Next, different network models are compared to find the variation of the non-uniform microstrip LPF around 2.4 GHz along the specified frequency band S1111 and S2222 (dB) for different electrical lengths. It has been observed that the network models of the microstrip LPF are both more computationally efficient and as accurate and reliable as the electromagnetic simulator.
Equivalent Circuit Approximation to the Connector-Line Transition at High Frequencies using Two Microstrip Lines and Data Fitting
Authors: Le Duc , Pournoori Nikta , Sydänheimo Lauri , Ukkonen Leena , Björninen Toni 
Published: March 2022

This article presents a method of obtaining an equivalent lumped element circuit to model the electrical connector-line transitions in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band. First, the scattering matrices of two microstrip transmission lines that are otherwise identical but have the physical lengths of dd and 2d2⁢d are measured. Next, the theoretical model of the lines cascaded with the connector-line transitions modeled as lumped element circuits is established. The selection of the line lengths to be dd and 2d2⁢d results in an over determined system of equations that links the circuit component values to the two-port network parameters of the cascaded system. Finally, the least-squares data fitting procedure yields the best-fit component values. The results show that in our tested scenario, 3-component reactive circuit models well the transitions. Compared with the previous methods, the proposed approach does not require knowledge of the dielectric properties of the substrate of the measured transmission lines. This property integrates the method with our previous work on estimating a microstrip line substrate’s relative permittivity and loss tangent. The obtained transition circuit model is also validated through the testing of two quarter-wave transformers. The lines and transformers are implemented on a textile substrate to highlight the method’s applicability to wearable textile-based electronics.