bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generations and the changing character of support for European unification in the Netherlands: a research note
Authors: Rekker Roderik , van der Brug Wouter 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study examines whether younger generations are more likely to associate their support for European unification with cultural, rather than economic issues. The EU has changed from an ‘economic community’ to a ‘political union.’ Because most citizens form relatively stable orientations during their ‘impressionable years,’ we expect recent generations to be more likely to view European unification through a cultural lens. An analysis of 12 waves of panel data from the Netherlands finds the strongest correlation between EU support and cultural attitudes among the newest generations. However, these generations are not less likely to associate EU support with economic attitudes. Moreover, between 2007 and 2019, Euroscepticism became increasingly associated with cultural attitudes among all generations and age groups. These findings indicate that EU support has become more strongly aligned along a cultural dimension and that this realignment will become more pronounced as newer generations replace earlier ones.
Comparative heat transfer analysis of
γ
-Al2O3−C2H6O2 and
γ
-Al2O3−H2O electroconductive nanofluids in a saturated porous square cavity with Joule dissipation and heat source/sink effects
Authors: Thirumalaisamy K. , Ramachandran Sivaraj , Ramachandra Prasad V. , Anwar Bég O. , Leung Ho-Hon , Kamalov Firuz , Vajravelu K. 
Published: June 2022

Inspired by the applications in electromagnetic nanomaterials processing in enclosures and hybrid fuel cell technologies, a mathematical model is presented to analyze the mixed convective flow of electrically conducting nanofluids (γ-Al2O3−H2O and γ-Al2O3−C2H6O2) inside a square enclosure saturated with porous medium under an inclined magnetic field. The Tiwari–Das model, along with the viscosity, thermal conductivity, and effective Prandtl number correlations, is considered in this study. The impacts of Joule heating, viscous dissipation, and internal heat absorption/generation are taken into consideration. Strongly nonlinear conservation equations, which govern the heat transfer and momentum inside the cavity with associated initial and boundary conditions, are rendered dimensionless with appropriate transformations. The marker-and-cell technique is deployed to solve the non-dimensional initial-boundary value problem. Validations with a previous study are included. A detailed parametric study is carried out to evaluate the influences of the emerging parameters on the transport phenomena. When 5% γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles are suspended into H2O base-fluid, the average heat transfer rate of γ-Al2O3−H2O nanoliquid is increased by 25.63% compared with the case where nanoparticles are absent. When 5% γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles are suspended into C2H6O2 base-fluid, the average heat transfer rate of γ-Al2O3−C2H6O2 nanofluid is increased by 43.20% compared with the case where nanoparticles are absent. Furthermore, when the heat source is present, the average heat transfer rate of γ-Al2O3−C2H6O2 nanofluid is 194.92% higher than that in the case of γ-Al2O3−H2O nanofluid.
Opportunities to build resilience of beef cattle properties in the mulga lands of south-western Queensland, Australia
Authors: Bowen M. K. , Chudleigh F. , Sallur N. M. , Sommerfield J. 
Published: June 2022

Beef producers in the mulga lands of south-western Queensland and north-western New South Wales, Australia, face the challenges of inherently low productivity and profitability, exacerbated by widespread pasture degradation and high climate and market variability. Our objective was to use the farm-management economics framework to assess the ability of management strategies and investment options to improve profitability and build the overall resilience of beef cattle properties in the mulga lands. Options were assessed for a hypothetical, representative beef cattle property in south-western Queensland (20 000 ha; initial stocking rate 600 adult equivalents). Firstly, strategies were assessed for their ability to improve profitability when operated as a beef business. Secondly, two alternative investment options were assessed: (1) conversion to rangeland meat goat production; and (2) conversion to carbon farming through carbon sequestration. Herd and economic modelling software were used to conduct property-level, partial discounted cash-flow budgets to assess each strategy over a 30-year investment period. Results indicated very limited potential to improve the profitability and resilience of an existing beef cattle enterprise in the mulga lands. However, full or partial conversion to rangeland meat goat production or carbon farming improved property-level returns and viability.
There’s gold in them thar hills! Morphology and molecules delimit species in
Authors: Collins Timothy L. , Schmidt-Lebuhn Alexander N. , Andrew Rose L. , Telford Ian R. H. , Bruhl Jeremy J. 
Published: June 2022

Golden everlasting paper daisies in the genus Xerochrysum Tzvelev are iconic Australian native plants grown worldwide. The X. bracteatum species complex has been regarded as taxonomically confusing and in need of revision for over 60 years. We applied morphological and molecular analyses to delimit species, detect common ancestry among populations, and identify putative hybrids in the genus Xerochrysum (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae). Multiple lines of evidence provided strong support for the recognition of new taxa. Here we describe the following 11 new species: X. andrewiae T.L.Collins & J.J.Bruhl, X. berarngutta T.L.Collins & I.Telford, X. copelandii J.J.Bruhl & I.Telford, X. frutescens J.J.Bruhl & I.Telford, X. gudang T.L.Collins & J.J.Bruhl, X. hispidum T.L.Collins & I.Telford, X. macsweeneyorum T.L.Collins, X. murapan T.L.Collins & I.Telford, X. neoanglicum J.J.Bruhl & I.Telford, X. strictum T.L.Collins, and X. wilsonii T.L.Collins, reinstate Helichrysum banksii A.Cunn. ex DC. (as X. banksii (A.Cunn. ex DC.) T.L.Collins & I.Telford), lectotypify X. banksii and X. papillosum (Labill.) R.J.Bayer, and recircumscribe X. bicolor (Lindl.) R.J.Bayer to include X. halmaturorum Paul G.Wilson and some populations of X. bracteatum sens. lat. from mainland South Australia and Victoria. We also provide revised descriptions of all taxa in the genus, their conservation status, a dichotomous key, tables distinguishing closely related taxa and distribution maps.
A (semi)-exact Hamiltonian for the curvature perturbation ζ
Authors: Kaya Ali 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The total Hamiltonian in general relativity, which involves the first class Hamiltonian and momentum constraints, weakly vanishes. However, when the action is expanded around a classical solution as in the case of a single scalar field inflationary model, there appears a non-vanishing Hamiltonian and additional first class constraints; but this time the theory becomes perturbative in the number of fluctuation fields. We show that one can reorganize this expansion and solve the Hamiltonian constraint exactly, which yield an explicit all order action. On the other hand, the momentum constraint can be solved perturbatively in the tensor modes γ

ij
by still keeping the curvature perturbation ζ dependence exact. In this way, after gauge fixing, one can obtain a semi-exact Hamiltonian for ζ which only gets corrections from the interactions with the tensor modes (hence the Hamiltonian becomes exact when the tensor perturbations set to zero). The equations of motion clearly exhibit when the evolution of ζ involves a logarithmic time dependence, which is a subtle point that has been debated in the literature. We discuss the long wavelength and late time limits, and obtain some simple but non-trivial classical solutions of the ζ zero-mode.
Weyl transverse diffeomorphism invariant theory of symmetric teleparallel gravity
Authors: Nakayama Yu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We construct a Weyl transverse diffeomorphism invariant theory of symmetric teleparallel gravity by employing the Weyl compensator formalism. The low-energy dynamics has a single spin two gravitation without a scalar degree of freedom. By construction, it is equivalent to the unimodular gravity (as well as the Einstein gravity) at the non-linear level.
Complete classification of Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker solutions with linear equation of state: parallelly propagated curvature singularities for general geodesics
Authors: Harada Tomohiro , Igata Takahisa , Sato Takuma , Carr Bernard 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We completely classify the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker solutions with spatial curvature K = 0, ±1 for perfect fluids with linear equation of state p = wρ, where ρ and p are the energy density and pressure, without assuming any energy conditions. We extend our previous work to include all geodesics and parallelly propagated (p.p.) curvature singularities, showing that no non-null geodesic emanates from or terminates at the null portion of conformal infinity and that the initial singularity for K = 0, −1 and −5/3 < w < −1 is a null non-scalar polynomial curvature singularity. We thus obtain the Penrose diagrams for all possible cases and identify w = −5/3 as a critical value for both the future big-rip singularity and the past null conformal boundary.
Noisy coherent population trapping: applications to noise estimation and qubit state preparation
Authors: Danageozian Arshag , Miller Ashe , Barge Pratik J , Bhusal Narayan , Dowling Jonathan P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Coherent population trapping is a well-known quantum phenomenon in a driven Λ system, with many applications across quantum optics. However, when a stochastic bath is present in addition to vacuum noise, the observed trapping is no longer perfect. Here we derive a time-convolutionless master equation describing the equilibration of the Λ system in the presence of additional temporally correlated classical noise, with an unknown decay parameter. Our simulations show a one-to-one correspondence between the decay parameter and the depth of the characteristic dip in the photoluminescence spectrum, thereby enabling the unknown parameter to be estimated from the observed spectra. We apply our analysis to the problem of qubit state initialization in a Λ system via dark states and show how the stochastic bath affects the fidelity of such initialization as a function of the desired dark-state amplitudes. We show that an optimum choice of Rabi frequencies is possible.
Quadrupolar interaction induced frequency shift of

131Xe

nuclear spins on the surface of silicon
Authors: Chen Yao , Yu Mingzhi , Ma Yintao , Wang Yanbin , Guo Ju , Lin Qijing , Zhang Ning , Jiang Zhuangde , Zhao Libo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The combination of micro-machined technology with atomic spin gyroscope (ASG) devices can be used to fabricate a chip-scale atomic spin gyroscope (CASG). The core of the gyroscope is a micromachined vapour cell, which contains alkali metal and isotope-enriched noble gases, such as

129

Xe

and

131

Xe

. The quadrupolar frequency shift of

131

Xe

is a key parameter that can affect the drift of the ASG and is related to the material of the cell in which they are contained. In micromachining technology, the utilised material is silicon. In this study, we investigated the electric quadrupolar frequency shift of

131

Xe

atoms with the silicon wall of a micro-machined vapour cell. A cylindrical micromachined vapour cell was utilised in the experiment, and a large part of the inner cell surface comprised silicon material. We studied the temperature dependence of the

129

Xe

spin relaxation and

131

Xe

frequency shifts to evaluate the interaction of the nuclear spin with the container wall and alkali metal atoms. The results show that the average twisted angle of the

131

Xe

nuclear spins as they collided with the silicon wall was measured as

29
×

10

−
6

rad. The desorption energy required for the

131

Xe

nuclear spin to escape from the silicon surface was

E

s
i

=
0.009

eV

. This study could help improve the bias stability of the CASG, which is a key parameter for the gyroscope, and may help to develop a method to study the surface properties of various materials.
Multiple echoes in beam spin-echo spectroscopy and their effect on measurements of ultra-fast dynamics
Authors: Chadwick Helen , Cantin Joshua T , Alkoby Yosef , Alexandrowicz Gil 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Helium (3He) spin-echo is a powerful experimental technique used to probe ultra-fast atomic scale surface dynamics. The analysis of these measurements is typically performed assuming there is only a single spin-echo condition, expected to produce a constant signal for pure elastic scattering, a monotonically decaying signal for quasi-elastic scattering and oscillations from inelastic scattering events. In the present work, we show that there are in fact four spin-echoes which must be correctly accounted for, and that even in the case of elastic scattering these additional echoes lead to oscillations which could mistakenly be interpreted as being due to inelastic scattering. We demonstrate that it is possible to accurately simulate the experimental data by propagating the 3He through the measured magnetic field profile of the apparatus and considering the geometry of the machine, allowing the effect of these additional echoes to be disentangled from inelastic scattering events in future 3He spin-echo measurements.
Quantum teleportation between the narrow armchair graphene nanoribbons with zigzag ends
Authors: Tan Xiao-Dong , Zhang Le 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study quantum teleportation between the narrow armchair graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with zigzag ends. Several influences including Coulomb repulsion among electrons, temperature and ribbon length on the output state and teleportation fidelity are discussed in detail. Moreover, we derive the entanglement of the output state and corresponding fidelity as a function of the input and channel entanglement. For practical applications, we also propose a scheme for implementing the single-qubit gates (X, Z and H gates) and two-qubit controlled-NOT gate in GNRs, based on the Bang-Bang control strategy and synchronous step magnetic field.
An accurate calibration method of a combined measurement system for large-sized components
Authors: Zhou Zhilong , Liu Wei , Wang Yuxin , Yue Yi , Zhang Jiabo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Large-sized components with numerous supports are essential in advanced manufacturing. Efficient product quality control requires accurate three-dimensional (3D) measurements and error control. For 3D shape and spatial position measurements of the key local features on the support mounting surface, we propose an accurate measurement method combining a global laser tracker, local scanning system, and mobile robot system comprising an industrial robot and a mobile platform. To enhance the measurement accuracy, an accurate calibration method was introduced based on prior knowledge which establishes correlation constraints between local and global calibration. The local calibration method, including rail orientation and extrinsic parameters calibration based on a multi-dimensional combined collaboration target, achieves accurate calibration of both rail orientation and extrinsic parameters. Additionally, the enhanced global calibration method based on multi-dimensional cooperative calibrators constructs correlation constraints among global control points and provides an accurate global measurement field. We constructed a combined measurement system and conducted large-scale measurement experiments. As shown by the accuracy verification results of the proposed system, the maximum and mean measurement errors decreased from 0.142 and 0.132 mm to 0.111 and 0.095 mm within 8 m, respectively, which is highly accurate. Moreover, the large-scale scanning instance of a large-sized spacecraft cabin has also demonstrated that the developed method can significantly expand the measurement range as well as improve the measurement flexibility.
Data-oriented description of texture-dependent anisotropic material behavior
Authors: Schmidt Jan , Biswas Abhishek , Vajragupta Napat , Hartmaier Alexander 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In metallurgical processes, as for example cold rolling or deep drawing of sheet metal, it is frequently observed that the crystallographic texture, and with it the anisotropic mechanical properties of a material, evolve dynamically. Hence, to describe such processes, it is necessary to model the functional dependence of anisotropic material parameters on the texture, which itself can vary locally with the different plastic strain histories. In this work, we present a new data-oriented approach to parametrize the anisotropic yield function Barlat Yld2004-18p from micromechanical simulations for different textures. This is accomplished by applying supervised machine learning (ML) methods to express the relationship between different crystallographic textures and the material parameters of the yield function. The crystallographic textures are chosen to vary continuously between a random texture on the one hand side, and a unimodal Goss or Copper texture the other. These crystallographic textures are rather common in sheet metal forming. In this way, furthermore, the transition from isotropic plasticity to a rather severe case of anisotropy can be modeled, which is thought to mimic the dynamical evolution of the texture in a metallurgical process. It is found that a regularization strategy is necessary to circumvent the known non-uniqueness between Yld2004-18p parameters and the resulting plastic yield behavior. After this regularization, a unique relationship between the material parameters and the yield onset is established, making it possible to train different ML models with excellent accuracy and generalization properties to anisotropic plastic material behavior. The trained ML models are able to reliably predict the coefficients of unknown textures even with a small amount of training data and, thus, to correctly represent the yield behavior resulting from the various textures. The proposed method represents an efficient extension of the description of anisotropic plastic yielding as it establishes a data-oriented way to explicitly consider microstructural parameters in the material description, which opens new pathways to formulate material models that include the process history.
Fracture behaviour of silver nanowire films during shear deformation
Authors: Wang Mengjiao , Ma Lijun , Shi Jun , Li Shuxin , Ji Shulin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Silver nanowire films have a wide application prospect in flexible electronics, while it is a noticeable problem that the silver nanowires break due to the shear force under the mass production film cutting or extreme service conditions. In this paper, the shear fracture behaviour of silver nanowire films with different structural parameters was studied under the extreme shear failure tests. The load–displacement curve was obtained from the nano-indentation test, while the hardness H, the elastic modulus E and the plastic properties represented by the ratio of H
3/E
2 of silver nanowire films with different diameters and thicknesses were calculated. On the other hand, based on the load–displacement curve, the stress–strain curve can be obtained through the finite element method simulation. The plastic properties can also be judged by the lower limit of yield strength from simulated stress–strain curve. Combined with characteristic crack propagation range, the relationship between plasticity and shear fracture was found, which was further disclosed by in-depth microstructure analysis. The results show that the better the plasticity of silver nanowire films, the stronger the resistance to shear fracture.
On the continuity of topological entropy of certain partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms
Authors: Wu Weisheng 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we consider certain partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms (PHDs) with centre of arbitrary dimension and obtain continuity properties of the topological entropy under C
1 perturbations. The systems considered have subexponential growth in the centre direction and uniform exponential growth along the unstable foliation. Our result applies to PHDs which are Lyapunov stable in the centre direction. It applies to another important class of systems which do have subexponential growth in the centre direction, for which we develop a technique to use exponential mixing property of the systems to get uniform distribution of unstable manifolds. A primary example are the translations on homogeneous spaces which may have centre of arbitrary dimension and of polynomial orbit growth.
What hides within a photograph: analysis of a light curve in the classroom
Authors: Ollé H , Kovács T 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Data from the Kepler satellite were analysed using the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes database. With the participation of 53 students, we determined the parameters of the HAT-P-7b (Kepler-2) exoplanet system (transit duration, planet-to-star radius ratio, orbital period, semi-major axis and star mass). We used approaches that are easy to understand and apply to secondary school students as well. In this way, they were able to gain an insight into the essential process of light curve analysis.
Additional unexpected benefits of rewarding students for effective problem solving strategies: supporting gender equity in physics
Authors: Good Melanie , Maries Alexandru , Singh Chandralekha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An important goal of introductory physics courses is to encourage effective approaches to problem solving. To achieve this goal, many aspects of desired problem solving approach should be rewarded, e.g. via grade incentives rather than basing grades mainly or solely on correct final answers. Here we discuss findings of a study that suggests that shifting pedagogical emphasis to reward the process of problem solving approach rather than basing the grade primarily on the final answer may have an additional unexpected benefit of supporting gender equity in physics. Our study involves administering a previously-validated attitudes and approaches to problem solving (AAPS) survey in six large enrollment calculus-based introductory physics classes at a large research university in the United States. On average, women had a statistically significantly higher average AAPS score at the end of the instruction when compared with men. Moreover, on clusters of questions related to effective approaches to problem solving such as drawing diagrams and doing scratchwork, women had a significantly higher average score. Since drawing and scratchwork are part of a systematic approach to physics problem-solving, this finding suggests that women, on average, may take a more favourable approach to physics problem-solving when compared with men. Interview data with a subset of students corroborate this interpretation. Our findings suggest that awarding appropriate credit to the entire problem solving process, e.g. by giving credit for drawings and scratchwork, may support gender equity in physics. In particular, heavier reliance on open-ended questions on assessments, along with grading rubrics that are sensitive to the details of the problem-solving process, not only rewards the desired approaches to problem solving, but also supports gender equity since women are rewarded appropriately for their work. We encourage physics instructors to adopt instructional strategies that reward the problem solving process instead of only rewarding the product to ensure that students learn effective problem solving skills while also supporting a practice that is more equitable.