bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determine Sodium in Bone and Bio-Kinetics of Sodium in Pig Model by Using In Vivo Neutron Activation Analysis
Authors: Tabbassum Sana , Yue Song , Coyne Mychaela , Lobene Andrea J. , Lachcik Pamela , Anderson Cheryl , Weaver Connie , Nie Linda H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sodium is an essential mineral in the human body that is vital for many body functions. The role of dietary sodium in hypertension and associated diseases has been widely accepted; however, few studies have been conducted on how sodium is stored and metabolized in the human body. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a compact neutron generator-based neutron activation analysis system for the in vivo quantification of sodium in pig models. Two six-week-old male pigs were fed a high and low-concentration sodium diet for 14 days. The in vivo bone sodium was measured with a DD110 neutron generator-based irradiation system. The hind leg of pigs was irradiated for 10 minutes, and the gamma spectrum with 23Na was collected using high efficiency, high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The in vivo sodium concentration in two male pigs was found to be (788 ±11 ppm) and (785±10 ppm) at the end of the dietary sodium period. There was no significant difference for in vivo bone sodium of low-sodium (pig L) and high-sodium diet pig (pig H) after 14 days of dietary sodium intervention. In contrast, the ex-vivo bone sodium concentrations for pig L (1870±11 ppm) and pig H (2029 ±6 ppm) showed a significant difference in the bone sodium deposition in pig H and pig L as a response to the sodium diet. In conclusion, this experimental study shows that IVNAA technique can be successfully used to quantify bone sodium in response to the dietary interventions.
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty of a Dysfunctional Central Vein Caused by a Tunnel-cuffed Catheter
Authors: Bu Quandong , Luan Hong , Niu Liyuan , Zhang Yan , Xu Yan , Wang Yuewei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: For patients without arteriovenous fistula and with dysfunctional central veins caused by long indwelling tunnel-cuffed catheter (TCC), no consensus on how to achieve functional hemodialysis access has been reached. This study investigated the value of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of a dysfunctional central vein caused by a TCC under digital subtraction angiography (DSA) guidance.
Methods: In total, thirteen patients with indwellingTCC-related complications were admitted to our institution. The TCC indwelling duration was 35.2 months (range, 6 to 70 months). The failed TCCs were removed under the support of a stiff guide wire,and an angiogram showed central vein stenosis (CVS) or occlusion. PTA was performed to recanalize the central vein, and new TCCs were placed in situ or in another central vein under DSA guidance.
Results: TCCs were successfully removed in twelve patients. TCC removal failed in one patient due to severe adhesion of the TCC and the left innominate vein 4 years after implantation. PTA of central veins, including the right internal jugular vein, innominate vein, superior vena cava, and right iliac vein, was performed, and new TCCs were successfully placed in all patients. No stents were implanted in any patients. The mean follow-up was 12.9 months (range, 3 to 36 months). The new TCCs functioned well in all patients.
Conclusions: Under DSA guidance, recanalization of TCC-related CVS or occlusion by PTA and implantation of anew TCC catheter in situor another central vein can establish dialysis access for patients with poorly functioning TCCs successfully.
Co-production of Lipases and Biosurfactants by Bacillus Methylotrophicus in Solid State Fermentation for Use in Bioremediation
Authors: Kreling Naiara Elisa , Fagundes Victória Dutra , Simon Viviane , Colla Luciane Maria 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Production of biosurfactants and lipases via solid state fermentation (SSF) processes is still little explored when considering the use of bacteria. The potential application of solid matrices without the need for precipitation and recovery processes, helps to enable bioremediation processes. The aim of this work was the co-production of biocompounds via SSF using Bacillus methylotrophicus and the use of the fermented substrate in bioremediation of a soil contaminated with 20% of biodiesel. The biocompounds were produced using wheat bran and corncob (80/20), 75% moisture, 1% inducer (glycerol), 2% nitrogen and 1% sugar cane molasses, during 8 days. The bioremediation was evaluated for 90 days, and the assay containing biocompounds + fermented substrate + bacteria in its active form showed the highest biodegradation (72.08 ± 0.36% in 60 days). Maximum production of biosurfactants and lipases in soil was verified in 30 days of bioremediation. The possibility of co-production of two biocompounds in the same culture medium is confirmed, representing a cost reduction and potential feasibility of the bioprocess when considering industrial production scale, in addition to its environmental application in the treatment of oily contaminants.
Dynamic observation of the formation of melanocytic spheroids induced by repeated long-term trypsinization
Authors: Huang Tingting , Jin Huiling , Zhang Ruzhi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To observe changes in the shapes and growth patterns of melanocytes (MCs) after receiving two long-term trypsinization (LTT) treatments for 2 hours each.Epidermal primary cells were obtained from foreskin tissues, which were obtained from routine circumcisions. Antibodies specific for keratin 15 (K15) and melanosomes (HMB-45) were used to identify keratinocytes (KCs) and MCs, respectively. MCs were purified via differential trypsinization, and then continued to be cultivated. When they became 70% confluent, the MCs were treated with LTT and were subcultured. After about 1 week, the above treatment was repeated. Changes in the morphologies and growth patterns of MCs were observed daily, were photographed and analyzed.The results of immunofluorescence staining showed MCs presenting with dendrites and KCs with cobblestone-shapes coexisting in the epidermal cultures. MCs were purified by differential trypsinization and appeared as dendritic, in monolayer growth, with a doubling time of 3–5 d. After 2 h of LTT, those MCs proliferated more quickly with a doubling time of 2–3 d. Meanwhile, the number and length of dendrites were reduced, most of MCs were bipolar, and a few had three dendrites. After the second LTT, the MCs became short rod-shaped or fusiform, with a doubling time of less than 2 d. Some aggregates or spheroids of MCs gradually appeared and increased in size over the time of culture. Each MC spheroid (MS) contained 3–30 MCs, with various morphologies and sizes within the same spheroid. When MSs were picked up and re-seeded, the dendritic cells migrated out and expanded surrounding the spheroids. They proliferated rapidly, grew in a monolayer, and were morphologically similar to primary MCs.LTT reduced the number of dendrites and shortened the doubling time of MCs. Two repeat treatments of LTT can induce the formation of MSs.
Anxiety and depression levels and their influencing factors in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia in China during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Sun Xiaohua , Zhu Qisha , Zhao Yuan , Tang Jinsong , Song Haidong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To (1) assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia in China during the epidemic; (2) explore possible influencing factors.
Methods
Using a cross-sectional survey, we collected 15165 questionnaires. Assessments included demographic information, concern about COVID-19-related information, sleep status, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and accompanying illnesses. The 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate depression and anxiety levels. Group comparison was conducted by t-test, ANOVA, or chi-square test wherever suitable with Bonferroni pairwise correction. Multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify predictors for anxiety and depression.
Results
16.9% patients had at least moderate anxiety, and 34.9% had at least moderate depression. T-test showed that females scored higher on GAD-7 and PHQ-9 than males, and patients without accompanying long-standing diseases, who were not concerned about the COVID-19 had lower GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores. ANOVA showed that participants aged from 30 to 39, with higher education scored higher on GAD-7, and patients with better sleep, having less concern about the COVID-19 had lower GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores. Regression analysis indicated that participants aged 30–39 and 40–49 positively predicted anxiety, whereas patients aged 30–39 years positively predicted depression. Poor sleep, accompanying diseases, and concerning the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to experience anxiety and depression.
Conclusion
Chinese community-dwelling schizophrenia patients had high anxiety and depression rates during the pandemic. These patients warrant clinical attention and psychological intervention, especially those with risk factors.
Therapeutic mechanism of transcranial iTBS on nerve regeneration and functional recovery in rats with complete spinal cord transection
Authors: Liu Jialin , Wang Shuai , Chen Zhenghong , Wu Rongjie , Yu Haiyang , Yang Shangbin , Xu Jing , Guo Yinan , Ding Ying , Li Ge , Zeng Xiang , Ma Yuanhuan , Gong Yulai , Wu Chuangran , Zhang Lixin , Zeng Yuanshan , Lai Biqin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground:After spinal cord transection injury, the inflammatory microenvironment formed in the injury site and the cascade of secondary injury results in limited regeneration of injured axons and the apoptosis of neurons in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC). It is crucial to reverse these adverse processes for the recovery of voluntary movement. In this study, transcranial intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) was used for the treatment of complete spinal cord transection in rats. The mechanism of transcranial iTBS as a new non-invasive neural regulation paradigm in promoting axonal regeneration and motor function repair was explored.Methods:Rats from the iTBS group were treated with transcranial iTBS 72h after spinal cord injury (SCI). Each rat was received behavioral testing. Inflammation, neuronal apoptosis, neuroprotective effect, regeneration and synaptic plasticity were measured by immunofluorescence staining, western blotting and mRNA sequencing 2 or 4w after SCI. Each rat was received anterograde tracings in the SMC or the long descending propriospinal neurons and tested for motor evoked potentials. Regeneration of corticospinal tract (CST) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) nerve fibers were detected eight weeks after SCI.Results:Compared with the control group and the sham iTBS group, rats of the iTBS group showed reduced inflammatory responses and neuronal apoptosis in the SMC two weeks after treatment. After four weeks, the neuroimmune microenvironment at the injury site was improved, and neuroprotective effects were seen to promote axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity. Significantly, eight weeks after treatment, transcranial iTBS also increased the regeneration of CST, 5-HT nerve fibers, and the long descending propriospinal tract (LDPT). Moreover, motor evoked potentials and hindlimb motor function were significantly improved at eight weeks.Conclusions:Collectively, our results verified that iTBS has the potential to provide neuroprotective effects at early injury stages and pro-regeneration effects related to the 1) CST–5-HT; 2) CST–LDPT; and 3) CST–5-HT–LDPT descending motor pathways and revealed the relationships among neural pathway activation, neuroimmune regulation, neuroprotection, and axonal regeneration, as well as the interaction network of key genes. The proposed non-invasive transcranial iTBS treatment is expected to provide a serviceable practical and theoretical support for spinal cord injury.
Role of Abo Blood Group as Risk Factor for Ihd
Authors: Ghaffari Mohammad Mujtaba , Ahmadi Abdul Samad , Akhenbekova Aida , Abzaliev Kyat Biandivich 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Around the world, CAD is the leading cause of mortality.. The Kazakhstan population has one of the most remarkable risks of IHD in the world. Observational studies on the association between ABO blood types and coronary artery disease risk must be examined.
Aim
The aim of the research is to find whether there is a link between the ABO blood group and IHD.
Methods
This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in”JSC hospital” during 2020. The research included patients who were hospitalized with an IHD diagnosis. Data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS 22. Association between blood group and IHD was analyzed using chi-square test and independent T-test for comparison of patients' age in both genders.
Results
During the one-year study, a total of 649 patients were enrolled. The patients' average age was 64.2 ± 9.238 and the frequency of participants were 232 (35.74%) females and 417 (64.25%) males. The distribution of blood group was as follows: blood group O was 32.2%, A – 31.43%, B – 27.73%, AB – 8.62%. Among these blood groups, blood group O was the common type of blood group (not significant), and AB was the least common. In the study population, there was no considerable variation in the prevalence of blood groups with IHD (p = 0.108).
Conclusion
In this single hospital-based study, there was no significant connection between ABO blood types and ischemic heart disease (p = 0.77).
Impact of Climate Variability on Crop Diversification in West African Countries
Authors: Kevin ABOUA Angui Christian Dorgelès 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

This paper analyses the impact of climate variability on cereal, root and tuber crop diversification for selected West African countries during the period 1965-2014. The crop diversification index, combining cereal, root and tuber crops, was calculated through the composite entropy index. Climate variability is measured by the coefficient of variation of temperature and precipitation. A seemingly unrelated regression was used to estimate the relationship between climate variability and crop diversification by controlling for supply- and demand-side factors of crop diversification. Overall, the results reveal that variability in temperature and precipitation over decades did not have an adverse effect on cereal root and tuber crop diversification. A detailed analysis showed that Niger and Togo have been the most adapted to climate variability, while Ghana was the most affected, mainly by precipitation variability. The results also indicated that, on the supply side, the availability of agricultural land contributed to crop diversification. Productivity, which is expected to increase crop diversification, was positive and significant in very few countries. In the others, it was not enough to improve crop diversification. On the demand side, population growth and consumption led to crop diversification, particularly in the consumption of roots and tuber crops. This study suggests that greater diversification would mitigate the negative impact of climate variability. Therefore, regional and national agricultural policies aimed at increasing productivity are necessary to encourage farmers to diversify food crops under climate variability.
Safety and efficacy of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for elderly patients undergoing colorectal surgery
Authors: Sato Hiromichi , Ota Hirofumi , Munakata Koji , Matsuura Yusuke , Fujii Makoto , Wada Noriko , Takiuchi Daisuke , Hama Naoki , Takachi Kou , Yukawa Masao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in elderly patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.
Methods: The study included 273 patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery conducted following the ERAS protocol from June 2015 to April 2021 and 63 patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery according to conventional care (April 2014 to June 2015).
Results: We compared elderly patients (age ≥75 years) in the ERAS and conventional care groups. The median (range) length of hospital stay (LOHS) was significantly shorter in the ERAS group (9 [4–95] days with ERAS vs. 13 [4–37] days with conventional care, p < 0.001), but the complication rate (Clavien–Dindo grade 2 or more) was similar (16.8% ERAS vs. 18.5% conventional care, p = 0.784). We found no significant differences between groups in postoperative mortality rates, reoperation rates, and readmission rates within 30 days. In a comparison of elderly and non-elderly patients receiving ERAS, the elderly group had significantly longer median (range) LOHS (8 [3–104] days for non-elderly vs. 9 [4–95] days for elderly patients, p = 0.028). Furthermore, overall compliance with the ERAS protocol was lower and median LOHS significantly longer for patients undergoing proctectomy compared with those undergoing colectomy.
Conclusion: The ERAS protocol shows efficacy and safety for elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery, but proctectomy remains a challenge for adult patients of any age.
A Novel Model for Securing Seals using Blockchain and Digital Signature based on QR Codes
Authors: Wezza May , El-Gayar M. M. , AboElfetoh Ahmed 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Every person in the world needs documents that prove their identity, graduation from the university, residence, marriage, and other essential records that must be safely handled. The credibility of the documents depends on the stamp seal imprints found in them belonging to the government entity, the source of the credibility. But recently, with the rapid development of technology, the number of forged documents and forged stamp seals imprints has increased tremendously, which has led to significant security and social problems. Most of the world's governments depend on securing documents by securing stamp seal imprints through using Ultra Violets inks and issuing them through a centralized environment, which contains many challenges and problems. Central repositories may have security issues such as a single point of failure challenge, data unavailability due to central system failures, or a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. Therefore, this paper will present a proposal that solves the challenges in electronic systems (complete digitalization) and paper systems (partial digitalization). This manuscript proposes a smart securing model to secure stamp seal imprints by encrypting data with stamp seal image of the seal and storing it as a block through the decentralized Blockchain platform. After that, a quick response code (QR) is created to access that block quickly and securely. Also, the stamp seal's hash image and the details of the stamp seal's data source in the blockchain provide a shared, immutable, and transparent history of the stamp seals without relying on any third party. After several experiments, the results proved an accuracy and security rate of stamp seals and documents that reached 98%, with a high retrieval speed. Thus, a safe, fast, and non-changeable environment was provided to retrieve necessary information and ensure its authenticity.
A case report of second fertility-preserving surgical management for early recurrence of young woman with borderline ovarian tumors
Authors: Song Chengzhi , Sun Bingchun , Wu Yueling , Wang Jingyi , Zou Bilian , Zhang Ying 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) have low malignant potential and favorable prognoses. The group most affected By BOTs are women of childbearing age; therefore, fertility-sparing surgery is considered the first choice for young patients. Several studies have reported that conservation treatment is associated with a higher recurrence rate; however, data on treatment and clinical management after relapse are scarce.
Case presentation:
A 19-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for two weeks due to unexplained abdominal distension. Palpation of the uterus was unsatisfactory, and an ultrasound examination revealed abdominal effusion and a cystic solid mass in front of the uterus. The patient required fertility and underwent fertility-sparing procedures, including abdominal right adnexectomy and excision of the left ovarian mass. Histological examination confirmed stage III serous BOTs. The patient had normal menstruation after surgery. After 20 months, the patient experienced a recurrence of serous stage IIIC BOTs, and a second fertility-sparing surgery was performed. Currently, there was no disease recurrence until the last follow-up, but the patient had stopped menstruating for six months and had not yet completed childbirth.
Conclusion
In young women diagnosed with BOTs, fertility preservation surgery may be associated with a higher risk of recurrence, especially in advanced patients. Clinically, pregnancy should be recommended as early as possible after surgery, and long-term follow-up is required.
Major Salivary Glands Carcinoma in Saudi Arabia: A 10-Year Nationwide Retrospective Study of 571 Cases
Authors: Alsalem Abdulaziz A , AlKraidees Mohammad S , AlKarni Abdullah F , Yahya Buthaina J , AlRamyan Rana K , AlSumairi Sultan A , AlEssa Mohammed A , Elkrim Mohammed 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Major salivary glands carcinoma (MSGC) comprises a morphologically diverse group of rare tumours with different clinical behaviours, and studies on epidemiology in the literature vary greatly depending on the geographic location. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the incidence rates, anatomical sites, and histological subtypes of different salivary gland malignancies in the population of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with primary major salivary glands carcinoma (MSGC) in Saudi Arabia from 2008 to 2017, based on the demographic characteristics and histological data retrieved from the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) database. Malignant lesions were identified using the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3) Codes.
Results: Salivary gland malignancies were diagnosed in 571 patients over 10 years (50.10% were males and 49.90% females). The parotid gland was the site of origin in 69.9% of cases. The most common histological type was mucoepidermoid carcinoma (29.1%). Over a decade, the incidence rate ranged from (0.15 to 0.24), with the highest overall in 2009. The peak incidence of salivary gland malignancies was observed in the fourth, fifth and sixth decade of life (17.5%, 18.2%, and 16.8%, respectively).
Conclusion: Major salivary gland carcinomas (MSGC) are extremely rare in the Saudi population, with a low incidence rate of only 0.15 to 0.24 cases per 100,000 person-year compared to other parts of the world. However, the clinical findings of Salivary gland carcinoma were similar to those described worldwide.