bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum uromodulin in dogs with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Seo Dansong , Yang Yeseul , Hwang Sung‐Hyun , Jung Jae‐Ha , Cho Soyeon , Choi Goeun , Kim Yongbaek 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSerum uromodulin concentration has been described as a novel biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans but not dogs.ObjectiveTo evaluate the serum uromodulin concentration in dogs with CKD and assess its diagnostic performance in distinguishing dogs with CKD from healthy dogs.AnimalsForty‐nine dogs with CKD (International Renal Interest Society [IRIS] Stage 1, n = 23; Stage 2, n = 20; Stage 3‐4, n = 6) and 25 healthy controls.MethodsProspective, observational study. Serum uromodulin concentration was measured using a canine‐specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and its correlation with conventional renal markers was analyzed.ResultsSerum uromodulin concentrations were significantly lower in the CKD group than in the control group (P < .001), but no significant difference was observed among stages of CKD. A negative correlation was observed between serum uromodulin concentration and conventional renal markers (blood urea nitrogen concentration, r = −.60, P < .0001; serum creatinine concentration, r = −.46, P < .0001; serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration [SDMA], r = −.65, P < .0001). In receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of uromodulin (AUC, 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94‐1.00) was higher than that of SDMA (AUC, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79‐0.95) for CKD diagnosis (P = .01). The AUC of uromodulin (AUC, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.89‐1.00) also was higher than that of SDMA (AUC, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.58‐0.87) in distinguishing dogs with Stage 1 CKD from controls (P = .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSerum uromodulin concentration is decreased in dogs with CKD. Thus, serum uromodulin may be a valuable diagnostic marker for CKD in dogs, particularly in identifying early‐stage CKD.
Scaling up breastfeeding in England through the Becoming Breastfeeding Friendly initiative (BBF)
Authors: Merritt Rowena , Kendall Sally , Eida Tamsyn , Dykes Fiona , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBreastfeeding is the most accessible and cost‐effective activity available to public health and has been shown to be one of the most effective preventive measures mothers can take to protect their children's health. Despite the well‐documented benefits, the UK has one of the lowest breastfeeding rates in the world. The Becoming Breastfeeding Friendly (BBF) toolkit was developed through highly structured technical and academic collaboration, led by Yale University. It provides an evidence‐based process to help countries assess their breastfeeding status and readiness to scale up, and identifies concrete measures countries can take to sustainably increase breastfeeding rates, based on data‐driven recommendations. BBF is grounded in the Breastfeeding Gear Model complex adaptive systems framework which is made up of eight simultaneous conditions that sustain breastfeeding. In 2018, a committee of multi‐agency stakeholders implemented the BBF process in England, collecting evidence to score the ‘gear’ components of England's breastfeeding environment against 54 benchmarks. The Training and Programme Delivery gear received the highest score, attributable to existing learning outcomes for health professionals and practitioners, peer supporters and specialist services, although there is a need for greater coordination and integration. The lowest scores were given for Promotion and Coordination, Goals and Monitoring due to the lack of a dedicated national strategy for breastfeeding and poor sharing of localised strategies and programmes. The process generated clear recommendations highlighting the need for more robust routine infant feeding data collection and reporting, and the necessity for strengthening leadership, monitoring and oversight to scale up and sustain breastfeeding.
Novel naturally occurring autoantibodies attenuate α‐synuclein pathology in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Li Yiming , Wang Tao , Meng Lanxia , Jin Lei , Liu Congcong , Liang Yangqiu , Ren Lin , Liu Yang , Liu Yanshuang , Liu Shuang , Li Tete , Liang Yanqi , Chen Xiaoping , Zhang Zhentao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsAccumulation and propagation of pathological α‐synuclein (α‐Syn) are the major contributing factors to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Therapy to halt the spreading of α‐Syn pathology needs to be established.MethodsAfter phage display and affinity maturation, human‐derived anti‐α‐Syn autoantibodies were selected and applied to biochemical, cellular and animal models of PD.ResultsThe novel naturally occurring anti‐α‐Syn autoantibodies (α‐Syn‐nAbs), P21 and P22, selectively bind α‐Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs), recognise Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs) in human PD brains, block α‐Syn fibrillization and inhibit the seeding of α‐Syn PFFs. Moreover, systematic administration of P21 and P22 attenuates α‐Syn pathology, degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway and motor deficits in mice injected with α‐Syn PFFs.ConclusionsP21 and P22 attenuate α‐synuclein pathology and are promising candidates for PD treatment.
Cytoplasmic HDAC4 recovers synaptic function in the 3×Tg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Colussi Claudia , Aceto Giuseppe , Ripoli Cristian , Bertozzi Alessia , Li Puma Domenica Donatella , Paccosi Elena , D'Ascenzo Marcello , Grassi Claudio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimsEarly dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by alterations of synapse structure and function leading to dysmorphic neurites, decreased spine density, impaired synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits. The class II member HDAC4, which recently emerged as a crucial factor in shaping synaptic plasticity and memory, was found to be altered in AD. We investigated how the modulation of HDAC4 may contribute to counteracting AD pathogenesis.MethodsUsing a cytoplasmic HDAC4 mutant (HDAC4SD), we studied the recovery of synaptic function in hippocampal tissue and primary neurons from the triple‐transgenic mouse model of AD (3×Tg‐AD).ResultsHere, we report that in wild‐type mice, HDAC4 is localised at synapses and interacts with postsynaptic proteins, whereas in the 3×Tg‐AD, it undergoes nuclear import, reducing its interaction with synaptic proteins. Of note, HDAC4 delocalisation was induced by both amyloid‐β and tau accumulation. Overexpression of the HDAC4SD mutant in CA1 pyramidal neurons of organotypic hippocampal slices obtained from 3×Tg‐AD mice increased dendritic length and promoted the enrichment of N‐cadherin, GluA1, PSD95 and CaMKII proteins at the synaptic level compared with AD neurons transfected with the empty vector. Moreover, HDAC4 overexpression recovered the level of SUMO2/3ylation of PSD95 in AD hippocampal tissue, and in AD organotypic hippocampal slices, the HDAC4SD rescued spine density and synaptic transmission.ConclusionsThese results highlight a new role of cytoplasmic HDAC4 in providing a structural and enzymatic regulation of postsynaptic proteins. Our findings suggest that controlling HDAC4 localisation may represent a promising strategy to rescue synaptic function in AD, potentially leading to memory improvement.
Influence of mandibular incisor agenesis and growth pattern on symphysis characteristics: A retrospective cephalometric study
Authors: Yoshida Saori , Ota Shin , Kobayashi Sakurako 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study was performed to investigate the effects of mandibular incisor (MnI) agenesis and divergent malocclusion type on mandibular symphysis inclination and morphology.MethodsA total of 162 selected patients were divided into two groups: one group consisted of patients with one or two congenitally missing MnIs, and another group comprised patients without tooth agenesis. Patients in each group were categorized into three divergent malocclusion groups (hypodivergent, normodivergent and hyperdivergent) according to the Frankfort mandibular plane angle, with 27 patients per group. Lateral cephalograms were used to evaluate mandibular symphysis inclination and morphology. Two‐way analysis of variance, simple main effect analysis and Tukey's test were used for statistical comparisons.ResultsThe agenesis group demonstrated a significantly greater retroclination of the mandibular symphysis than the non‐agenesis group in the normodivergent group. In the hypodivergent and normodivergent groups, the agenesis group showed a significantly smaller area of the alveolar bone with thinner width and shorter height than the non‐agenesis group.ConclusionFor the Japanese orthodontic patients, MnI agenesis caused a significantly great retroclination of the mandibular symphysis in patients with normodivergent malocclusion and significantly small area of the alveolar bone with thin width and short height in patients with hypo‐ and normodivergent malocclusions.
A Transosseous Suture as an Alternative to Suture Anchor on Anterior‐Avulsion Greater Tuberosity Fragment Fixation in Neer Three‐Part Proximal Humeral Fracture: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Ju Jiabao , Ma Mingtai , Ding Zhentao , Zhang Yichong , Fu Zhongguo , Chen Jianhai 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveGreater tuberosity (GT) fragments were communicated, and additional techniques to increase the GT fragment stability after the locking plate fixation was necessary. This study aimed to analyze the reinforcement effects on the anterior‐avulsion GT fragment in Neer three‐part proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) using transosseous suture and suture anchor techniques.MethodsEighteen fresh‐frozen human cadaveric shoulder specimens were used in the study. Standardized fracture of the GT and surgical neck was created in 18 human cadaveric proximal humerus. The GT fragments were reinforced with transosseous suture (TS), suture anchor (SA), and suture in addition to the PHILOS plate fixation. The fixed humerus was tested by applying static loading to the supraspinatus tendon. Load forces and fragment displacement were evaluated by a biomechanical testing machine, and the load to 3‐ and 5‐mm displacements, load to failure, and mode of failure were recorded for all specimens. Nonparametric variables were examined by the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the Bonferroni post hoc test was used to analyze the mean loads to create 3‐ and 5‐mm displacements as well as the failure load.ResultsThe age, female proportion, and bone mineral density showed no statistically significant differences between the three groups. The mean loading force to create 3‐mm and 5‐mm displacement in the TS group (254.9 ± 77.4, 309.6 ± 152.7) were significantly higher than those in the suture group (136.1 ± 16.7, 193.4 ± 14.5) (P = 0.024, P = 0.005). For the SA group, the force to create 3‐ and 5‐mm displacement (204.3 ± 60.9, 307.8 ± 73.5) were comparable to those in the TS group (P = 0.236, P = 0.983). Moreover, the loading force to failure in the TS group (508.6 ± 217.7) and SA group (406.6 ± 114.9) was significantly higher than that in the suture group (265.9 ± 52.1) (P = 0.021, P = 0.024). In the TS group, three failed due to tendon‐bone junction rupture; bone tunnel broken occurred in two specimens; suture rupture could also be seen in one specimen. All specimens in the suture group failed because of suture rupture. In the SA group, three specimens failed due to suture rupture; two failed secondary to tendon‐bone junction rupture; and one failed because of shaft fracture.ConclusionsTransosseous suture is a new type of reinforcement for GT fragment in Neer‐three part PHFs. The transosseous suture was superior to the suture only in the reinforcement of the anterior‐avulsion GT fragment of Neer three‐part PHFs, and it had comparable biomechanical strength to the suture anchor.
Early neural potentiation to centrally and peripherally presented fear‐conditioned faces
Authors: Bruchmann Maximilian , Fahnemann Kristin , Schindler Sebastian , Busch Niko A. , Straube Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor humans, it is vitally important to rapidly detect and process threatening signals regardless of whether stimuli occur at fixation or in the periphery. However, it is unknown whether eccentricity affects early neuronal electrophysiological responses to fear‐conditioned stimuli. We examined early event‐related potentials (ERPs) of the electroencephalogram (EEG) to fear‐conditioned faces to address this question. Participants (N = 80) were presented with faces, either paired with an aversive (CS+) or neutral sound (CS−), at central or peripheral positions. We ensured constant central fixation using online eye‐tracking but directed attention to either centrally or peripherally presented faces. Manipulation checks showed successful fear‐conditioning (i.e., on average lower ratings in valence and higher ratings in arousal and perceived threat) and successful shifts of visuospatial attention indexed by high task performance and pre‐stimulus alpha lateralization of the EEG spectra. We observed a generally increased P1 to fear‐conditioned faces regardless of presentation location. An N170 difference between fear‐conditioned and neutral stimuli was found but was restricted to the central location and depended on the effectivity of fear‐conditioning. A similar effect was observed for the early posterior negativity (EPN). Trait anxiety was not related to differential ERP responses to CS+ versus CS− faces for any ERP component. These findings suggest that the P1 indexes early responses to centrally and peripherally presented fear‐conditioned faces. Subsequent stages are modulated by the spatial location of the stimuli. This suggests different stages of neural processing of fear‐conditioned faces depending on their spatial location. Finally, our results question the hypothesis that trait anxiety in healthy participants is related to altered visual processing of fear‐conditioned faces.
Error‐related brain activity: A time‐domain and time‐frequency investigation in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Dell'Acqua Carola , Hajcak Greg , Amir Nader , Santopetro Nicholas J. , Brush Christopher J. , Meyer Alexandria 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIncreased error‐related negativity (ERN), a measure of error monitoring, has been suggested as a biomarker of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Additional insight into error monitoring is possible using time‐frequency decomposition of electroencephalographic (EEG) data, as it allows disentangling the brain's parallel processing of information. Greater error‐related theta is thought to reflect an error detection signal, while delta activity may reflect more elaborative post‐detection processes (i.e., strategic adjustments). Recent investigations show that decreased error‐related alpha may index attentional engagement following errors; additionally, increases and decreases in error‐related beta could reflect motor inhibition and motor preparation, respectively. However, time‐frequency dynamics of error monitoring in OCD are largely unknown. The present study examined time‐frequency theta, delta, alpha and beta power in early adolescents with OCD using a data‐driven, cluster‐based approach. The aim was to explore electrocortical measures of error monitoring in early adolescents with (n = 27, 15 females) and without OCD (n = 27, 14 females) during an arrowhead version of the flanker task while EEG activity was recorded. Results indicated that the OCD group was characterized by increased ERN and error‐related theta, as well as reduced error‐related beta power decrease (i.e., greater power) compared to participants without OCD. Greater error‐related beta explained variance in OCD over and above the ERN and error‐related theta. By examining separate time‐frequency measures, the present study provides novel insights into the dynamics of error monitoring, suggesting that pediatric OCD may be characterized by enhanced error monitoring (i.e., greater theta power) and post‐error inhibition (i.e., reduced beta power decrease).
Self‐reported documentation of goals and outcomes of nutrition care – A cross‐sectional survey study of Scandinavian dietitians
Authors: Al‐Adili Lina , Boström Anne‐Marie , Orrevall Ylva , Lang Nanna R. , Peersen Charlotte , Persson Inger , Thoresen Lene , Lövestam Elin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe documentation of goals and outcomes of nutrition care in Electronic Health Records is insufficient making further exploration of this of particular interest. Identifying common features in documentation practice among Scandinavian dietitians might provide information that can support improvement in this area.AimsTo explore the associations between clinical dietitians’ self‐reported documentation of patients’ goals and outcomes and demographic factors, self‐reported implementation of the systematic framework the Nutrition Care Process 4th step (NCP) and its associated terminology, and factors associated with the workplace.MethodsData from a cross‐sectional study based on a previously tested web‐based survey (INIS) disseminated in 2017 to dietitians in Scandinavia (n = 494) was used. Respondents were recruited through e‐mail lists, e‐newsletters and social media groups for dietitians. Associations between countries regarding the reported documentation of goals and outcomes, implementation levels of the NCP 4th step, demographic information and factors associated with the workplace were measured through Chi‐square test. Associations between dependent‐ and independent variables were measured through logistic regression analysis.ResultsClinically practicing dietitians (n = 347) working in Scandinavia, Sweden (n = 249), Norway (n = 60), Denmark (n = 38), who had completed dietetic education participated. The reported documentation of goals and outcomes from nutrition intervention was highly associated with the reported implementation of NCP 4th step terminology (OR = 5.26; p = 0.009, OR = 3.56; p = 0.003), support from the workplace (OR = 4.0, p < 0.001, OR = 8.89, p < 0.001) and area of practice (OR = 2.02, p = 0.017). Years since completed dietetic training and educational level did not have any significant associations with documentation practice regarding goals and outcomes.ConclusionFindings highlight strong associations between the implementation of the NCP 4th step terminology and the documentation of goals and outcomes. Strategies to support dietitians in using standardized terminology and the development of tools for comprehensive documentation of evaluation of goals and outcome are required.
Effects of biochar addition on greenhouse gas emissions during freeze–thaw cycles in a black soil region, Northeast China
Authors: Wang Lihong , Liu Hui , Li Hongyu , Yang Aizheng , Zhang Zuowei , Wang Lijun 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAs global warming intensifies, the soil environment in middle to high latitudes will undergo more extensive and frequent freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs), which will significantly affect the carbon and nitrogen cycles of soil ecosystems and aggravate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Biochar can increase soil organic carbon storage and mitigate climate change. To effectively control GHG emissions, soil supplemented with biochar at different application rates (0%, 2%, 4% and 6% [w/w]) under different numbers of FTCs (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12) was selected as the research object. The soil GHG emission characteristics in different experimental treatments and their relationships with soil physical and chemical properties were determined. Our results showed that N2O and CO2 emissions were promoted during FTCs, with values of 3.13–50.37 and 16.22–135.50 μg m−2 h−1, respectively. The order of N2O and CO2 emissions with respect to biochar application rate was as follows: 2% > 0% > 4% > 6%. CH4 emissions were negative during FTCs, varying from −1.62 to −10.59 μg m−2 h−1, and negative CH4 emissions were promoted by biochar. Correlation analysis showed that N2O, CO2 and CH4 emissions were significantly correlated with pH, soil moisture and soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN) and –N contents (p < .01). The conceptual path model demonstrated that GHG emissions were significantly influenced by FTCs, moisture, SOM and biochar application rate. Our results indicate that the effects of FTCs on GHG emissions were greater than those of biochar application. Biochar application rates of 4% or 6% should be considered in the future to reduce soil GHG emissions in the black soil region of Northeast China. Our results can help provide a theoretical basis and effective strategy to reduce soil GHG emissions during FTCs in seasonally frozen regions.
Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Iron-Chromium-Aluminum Cladding for Light Water Reactor Fuels
Authors: Rebak Raul B. , Dolley Evan J. , Zhang Wanming , Umretiya Rajnikant V. , Hoffman Andrew K. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) alloys are being characterized to be used in light water reactors for the cladding of the fuel. This family of alloys were never used before in a reactor environment so their behavior should be evaluated. This manuscript describes the enhanced mechanical properties and thermal creep resistance of two FeCrAl alloys (PMC26M & FA-SMT or APMT-2) as compared with the current Zircaloy-2 based cladding. At 450°C and under a nominal hoop stress of 138 MPa (20ksi), Zircaloy-2 tubes suffer rapid creep while the two FeCrAl alloys do not show any evidence of creep at a higher nominal hoop stress of 324 MPa (47 ksi). FA-SMT had higher creep resistance than PMC26M at 600°C and 800°C mainly due to precipitate strengthening in FA-SMT.
Advanced Structural Integrity Assessment Tools for Safe Long Term Operation (ATLAS+)
Authors: Lindqvist Sebastian , Dahl Anna , Smith Mike , Blouin Arnaud , Dillström Peter , Szavai Szabolcs , Nicak Tomas 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The main objective and mission of the ATLAS+ project is to develop advanced structural assessment tools to address the remaining technology gaps for the safe and long-term operation of nuclear reactor pressure coolant boundary systems. This is achieved by development and validation of:
• innovative quantitative methodologies to transfer laboratory material properties to assess the structural integrity of large components,
• enhanced treatment of weld residual stresses when subjected to long term operation, advanced simulation tools based on fracture mechanics methods using physically based mechanistic models,
• improved engineering methods to assess components under long term operation taking into account specific operational demands,
• integrated probabilistic assessment methods to reveal uncertainties and justify safety margins.
Additionally, the objective is to disseminate the findings of the work through special training sessions and links to the NUGENIA association. The project scope of work focuses on piping systems of the reactor coolant pressure boundary components (RCPB) excluding the reactor pressure vessel (RPV). The project is aimed on an experimental proof of concept and validates the developed methodology both at the laboratory scale and the full-scale level.
The ATLAS+ project contains 4 main technical WPs and one training and dissemination package. These are summarized next, in addition to a brief description of the progress.