bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus extractability in relation to soil properties in different fields of fruit orchards in Pakistan
Authors: Bibi Sumera , Irshad Muhammad , ullah Farid , Mahmood Qaisar , Shahzad Muhammad , Hussain Zahid , Mohiuddin Muhammad , Ping An 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Productivity of an orchard generally depends upon the fertility of soil and requirements of nutrient for fruit trees. Phosphorus (P) availability from soils influences the P sorption, release patterns and P bioavailability. A study was carried out to ascertain the P extractability via seven extraction methods in relation to soil properties in three fruit orchards. Ten soil samples were collected from each fruit orchard namely citrus (Citrus sinensis L.), loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) and guava (Psidium guajava L.) located in Haripur district of Pakistan. Available P in the soil was extracted using deionized H2O, CaCl2, Mehlich 1, Bray 1, Olsen, HCl and DTPA methods. Selected soil properties (pH, EC, soil organic matter (SOM), texture, cation exchange capacity (CEC), macro- and micro-nutrients were also determined. Soils sampled from orchards indicated large differences in soil properties. Orchards trees have sequestered more amount of C stock than soil without an orchard. The extractability of P from soils and efficiency of extraction methods were profoundly affected in soils. The average amount of extractable P was relatively higher in those soils where the total amount of P was also higher. These methods extracted different pools of soil P with varying P concentrations regulated by soil properties. Phosphorus amounts extracted were varied in the order of HCl > DTPA > Mehlich 1 > Bray 1 > Olsen > CaCl2 > water. Among orchards, higher P level was found in soils of loquat followed by citrus and guava orchards. The extractable P was highly associated with the soil properties, like SOM, soil texture and CEC. Most of the extraction methods were positively correlated with each other. This study indicated that SOM inputs and turnover associated with orchard trees exhibited substantial extractable P in soils. Predicting available P in relation to its bioavailability using diversified methods in contrasting soils is required.
Application of World Health Organization’s Five Moments for Medication Safety Tool: An Intervention Towards Medication Without Harm among Patients in Long-Term Care Units
Authors: Aly Rasha Ibrahem EL-Sayed , Elsayed Boshra Karem Mohamed 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The Five Moments for Medication Safety tool are critical times when a patient's or caregiver's actions can significantly lower the risk of damage linked with their medication(s).
Aim
The aim of this study was two-fold: (a) to investigate the effectiveness of nurses’ application of the World healthcare organization' Five moments for medication safety tool on patients in long-term care units, and (b) to determine the relationship between nurses and patients’ outcomes before and after the application of World healthcare organization' Five moments for medication safety tool.
Method
an intervention research design was conducted/ A quasi-experimental research study with two groups (nurses and patients), pre-test post-test design was conducted, A sample included all nurses who were working in Long-Term Care Units at Alexandria' New Medical Center, Egypt (N = 55) and a proportional sample of 35 patients at Long-Term Care Units. The World Health Organization's Five Moments for Medication Safety tools were used to measure study variables.
Results
there were significant differences between patients' and nurses’ outcomes regarding their application of the World Health Organization's five moments for medication safety tool at the two evaluative times of intervention (pre and post) where (P = < 0.001*). there was a positive significant correlation between nurses’ and patients’ outcomes in the overall responses especially the Second Stage (Taking medication), and Fourth Stage (Reviewing medication) where (p = < 0.001*). the intervention had a large effect on the overall patients’ outcome, with an effect size (of 0.873).
Conclusion
Patients can play a vital role in preventing medication errors when they have been educated about their medications and encouraged to ask questions and seek satisfactory answers. Also, nurses have an important role in medication management by informing, supporting, representing, and involving all relevant parties. Therefore, they should be reinforced by continuous education and training to take up this role.
A review of the scientific contributions enabled by wilderness fire management
Authors: Kreider Mark R , Jaffe Melissa R , Berkey Julia K , Parks Sean A , Larson Andrew J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Wilderness areas are important natural laboratories for scientists and managers working to understand fire ecology. In the last half-century, shifts in agency culture and policy have encouraged the management practice of letting some naturally ignited fires burn, allowing fire to fulfill its ecological role and increasing the extent of fire-related research opportunities. With the goal to identify the global scientific advances enabled by this paradigm shift in wilderness fire management, we conducted a systematic review of studies in which 1) protected areas were selected for investigation because of an active fire regime enabled by wilderness fire management, or 2) applied research was conducted to support wilderness fire management.
Results
Our systematic review returned a sample of 222 papers that met these criteria, with an increase in wilderness fire science over time. Studies largely occurred in the United States of America and were concentrated in a relatively small number of protected areas, particularly in the Northern Rocky Mountains. As a result, this sample of wilderness fire science is highly skewed toward areas of temperate mixed conifer forests and historical mixed severity fire regimes. Common principal subjects of papers included fire effects (44%), wilderness fire management (18%), or fire regimes (17%), and studies tended to focus on vegetation, disturbance, or wilderness management as response variables.
Conclusions
This work identifies major scientific contributions facilitated by active fire management, including concepts such as self-limitation of fire, forest dynamics in active fire regimes, and the effect of fire on wilderness recreation. Our work also identifies areas—both geographic and conceptual—where more research attention is needed and highlights under-represented wilderness areas that could serve to fill these knowledge gaps.
Single-cell sequencing reveals the landscape of the tumor microenvironment in malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Authors: Yuan Liu-Liu , Chen Zhong , Qin Jian , Qin Cheng-Jiao , Bian Jing , Dong Rui-Fang , Yuan Tang-Bo , Xu Yi-Ting , Kong Lingyi , Xia Yuan-Zheng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is an invasive pleomorphic soft tissue sarcoma with a high degree of malignancy and poor prognoses, and is prone to recurrence and metastasis. The pathophysiology remains elusive and its therapeutic options are limited. The 5-year recurrence rate of patients is 36–61%. Progress in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides an opportunity to dissect the pathophysiology of human diseases at unprecedented resolution, particularly in the diseases lacking animal models, such as MFH. We performed scRNA-seq on tumor tissues and adjacent muscle tissues from a patient with MFH. We identified Cell types and the corresponding marker genes by single-cell RNA sequencing. Malignant cells of fibroblasts were evaluated by CopyKAT analysis and differentially expressed genes of sequencing. We identified PDCD1, CTLA4 and TIGIT as potential targets. We further showed that C2_Exhausted CD4 + Treg and C1_Exhausted CD8 + T cell highly expressed PDCD1, CTLA4 and TIGIT. Intervention via PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (tirelizumab) enabled disease control and reduced tumor immunosuppression. Thus, scRNA-seq analyses guide a successful therapeutic intervention in the MFH patient, improve our understanding of complex human diseases and provide an alternative approach to personalized medicine.
Driving Spin Texture in High-Temperature Cuprate Superconductors via Local Structural Fluctuations
Authors: Currier Kayla , Lin Chiu-Yun , Gotlieb Kenneth , Mori Ryo , Eisaki Hiroshi , Greven Martin , Fedorov Alexei , Hussain Zahid , Lanzara Alessandra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling emerging out of a material's global inversion symmetry breaking has been long known to act as a pair breaking mechanism to the superconducting order parameter. However, when spin-orbit coupling emerges from local inversion symmetry breaking, an unexpected coexistence with superconductivity might occur. Although lattice driven local symmetry breaking is intrinsic to a variety of unconventional superconductors, little is known about its close connection to spin-orbit coupling, and how the combination of the two can impact electronic properties and the microscopic classification of the order parameter. By using high-resolution spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy we reveal the presence of a universal momentum-dependent spin texture throughout the hole-doped side of the cuprate phase diagram for the Bi-based family, which becomes negligible on the electron-doped side. We attribute this spin asymmetry to local inversion symmetry breaking induced by local distortions of the CuO octahedra, revealing an interplay between spin-orbit coupling and lattice symmetry. The implication of this connection in steering the ground state properties of cuprate superconductors is discussed, together with the intriguing possibility that it might provide the long missing link to explain the complexity and asymmetry of the cuprate phase diagram.
Fast Versus Slow Infusion of 20% Albumin: A Randomized Controlled Cross-over Trial in Volunteers
Authors: Hahn Robert , Zdolsek Markus , Sjöberg Folke 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundWe studied whether plasma volume expansion of 20% albumin is greater when the fluid is administered rapidly compared with a slow infusion.MethodsIn this open-labelled interventional controlled trial, 12 volunteers (mean age, 28 years) received 3 mL/kg of 20% albumin (approximately 225 mL) over 30 min (fast) and 120 min (slow) in a cross-over fashion. Blood and urine were collected at 15 occasions during a period of 6 h. Mass balance and volume kinetics were used to study the plasma volume expansion and the capillary leakage of albumin and fluid based on measurements of hemoglobin and plasma albumin.ResultsThe largest plasma volume expansion was 16.1% ± 6.5% (mean ± SD) during fast infusion and 12.8% ± 4.0% for slow infusion (p = 0.52).The median intravascular half-life of albumin was 8.0 h for fast infusion and 6.3 h for slow infusion (p< 0.03) whereas the half-life of the plasma volume expansion did not differ significantly (4.6 versus 5.4 h, p= 0.50).The urinary excretion was almost three times larger than the infused volume. The plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) increased by 25% in both groups, and the absolute MR-proANP concentration was found to accelerateboth the capillary leakage of albumin and the urine flow. Conclusions: The intravascular persistence of albumin was longer, but the fluid kinetics was the same when 20% albumin was infused over 30 min compared with 120 min. We found no disadvantages of administering the albumin at the higher rate. Trial registration:EU Clinical Trials Register, EudraCT2017-003687-12, registered September 22, 2017, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2017-003687-12/SE
Evolutionary safety of death by mutagenesis
Authors: Lobinska Gabriela , Pilpel Yitzhak , Nowak Martin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nucleoside analogs are a major class of antiviral drugs. Some act by increasing the viral mutation rate causing “death by mutagenesis” of the virus. Their mutagenic capacity, however, may lead to an evolutionary safety concern. We define evolutionary safety as a probabilistic assurance that the treatment will not generate an increased number of epidemiologically concerning mutated virus progeny. We develop a mathematical framework to estimate the total mutant load produced with and without mutagenic treatment. We predict rates of appearance of virus mutants as a function of the timing of treatment and the immune competence of patients, employing various assumptions about the vulnerability of the viral genome and its potential to generate undesired phenotypes. We focus on the case study of Molnupiravir, which is an FDA-approved treatment against COVID-19. We estimate that Molnupiravir is narrowly evolutionarily safe, subject to the current estimate of parameters. Evolutionary safety can be improved by restricting treatment to individuals with a low clearance rate and by designing treatments that lead to a greater increase in mutation rate. We report a simple rule to determine the fold-increase in mutation rate required to obtain evolutionary safety which is also applicable to other pathogen-treatment combinations.
Health Effects of Removing Lead from Gasoline: A Systematic Review
Authors: Angrand Ruth C. , Collins Geoffrey , Landrigan Philip J. , Thomas Valerie M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Millions of tons of lead were added to gasoline worldwide beginning in 1922, and leaded gasoline has been a major source of population lead exposure. In 1960s, lead began to be removed from gasoline, and removal was completed in 2021. The purpose of this study is to characterize the association of the removal of lead from gasoline with declines in population mean blood lead levels (BPb). Methods: We examined published studies that reported population blood leaded levels for two or more years, and we calculated average concentrations of lead in gasoline corresponding to the years and locations of the blood lead level measurements. Results: Removal of lead from gasoline is associated with declines in BPb in all countries examined. In some countries, BPb continues to fall after lead has been eliminated from gasoline. Following elimination of lead from gasoline, BPb less than 1 mg/dL have been observed in several European and North American countries, and BPb less than 3 mg/dL have been documented in several studies from South America. There remain many countries for which no multi-year studies of populations BPb have been identified, including all of Central America, high population countries including Pakistan and Indonesia, and major lead producers including Australia and Russia. Removal of lead from gasoline has been a public health success. Elimination of lead from gasoline has enabled many countries to achieve population mean BPb levels of 1 mg/dL or lower. These actions have saved lives, increased children’s intelligence and created great economic benefit in countries worldwide.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) for characterization SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Perez Javier C. Ramirez , Durigon Daniele 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARSCoV-2 standard assay relies on RNA purification, one-step retrotranscription, and quantitative PCR to identify SARS-CoV-2 (RT-qPCR). However, this standard procedure usually takes 4.0 h, particularly for the RNA extraction step. The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of SERS using AgNPs, a simple and cost-effective method for quickly characterizing SARS-CoV-2. The study focused on the urgent need for high-performance screening, eliminating the time-consuming RNA extraction phase and reducing the time to virus characterization.Results: AgNPs-SARS-CoV-2 samples prepared with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 produced SERS signals that were more than 105 times stronger than normal Raman (NR) spectra. According to the SERS spectra of the SARS-CoV-2 fingerprint, nucleic acids and aromatic amino acid side chains of these biomolecules may be adsorbed on the AgNPs surface's dense hot spots. With a virus detection limit of fewer than 103 vp/mL and RSDs of 20%, the SERS band intensities varied with the concentration of SARS-CoV-2.Conclusions: A novel, simple, fast, cost-effective, and accurate protocol for acquiring strong, sharp, and reproducible SERS signal intensities of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been developed. The SERS spectra collected exhibited SARS-CoV-2 virus detection limit, consistency, sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility. In the SERS spectra of SARS-CoV-2, the main vibrational acute and intense signal was identified in the 500-1700 cm-1 range at 1007, 1221, 1270, and 1453 cm-1. These bands were identified in SARS-key CoV-2's structural proteins and nucleic acids, and were attributed to ubiquitous biomolecules. Our prospective contribution is aimed at combating the COVID-19 infectious disease in order to improve SARS-CoV-2 virus detection and characterization.
An integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling study reveals major metabolic pathways and potential biomarkers of human preeclampsia placenta
Authors: Feng Yan , Lian Xinlei , Guo Kaimin , Zhang Guanglan , Huang Xuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND
The etiology of preeclampsia (PE) remains unclear. With the utilization of metabolomics, several metabolic disorders, such as dysregulated lipid, amino acid, androgen and estrogen production, were found to be of great value in the pathogenesis of PE. Transcriptomics adds more in-depth information, and the integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics may yield further insight into PE pathogenesis than either alone.
OBJECTIVES
We investigated the placental metabolomics and transcriptomics of PE patients to identify affected metabolic pathways and potential biological targets for exploring the pathogenesis of disease.
METHODS
Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to analyze 5 paired human placentas with PE and normal pregnancies. This was followed by further validation of our findings in a publicly available dataset of 173 PE vs. 157 control placentas. In addition, weighted gene coexpression network construction was performed to assess the correlation between genetic alterations and diseases.
RESULTS
Several pathways were aberrantly altered in PE placenta at both the metabolic and transcriptional levels, including steroid hormone biosynthesis, cAMP signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions, taste transduction and prion diseases. Additionally, we found 11 differential metabolites and 11 differentially expressed genes involved in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway, indicating impaired metabolism of steroid hormones in PE placenta. Furthermore, we found that CYP11A1, HSD3B2, and HSD17B6 are highly correlated with diseases.
CONCLUSION
Our findings have provided a profile of the molecular perturbations and metabolic signature underlying PE, which underscores the need to investigate the physiology of steroid hormone metabolites in the pathophysiology of PE.
STING promotes proliferation and induces drug resistance in colorectal cancer by regulating the AMPK mTOR pathway
Authors: Yao Huihui , Wang Suo , Zhou Xin , Zhou Guoqiang , Zhou Diyuan , Chen Guoliang , Shi Xinyu , Chen Junjie , Wu Guanting , Sun Liang , Yao Yizhou , Gu Wen , Wan Daiwei , He Songbing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Despite a rapidly growing body of pertinent literature, what role the protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. We are committed to exploring whether STING can be adopted as an effective target and biomarker for CRC. Methods: STING expression was examined by immunohistochemistry to evaluate its association with clinicopathological factors. In addition, the effects of STING on various biological characteristics of CRC cells, such as proliferation, migration, invasiveness and drug resistance, were also studied. Gene set enrichment analysis was an indispensable tool to study the downstream mechanism of STING. Meanwhile, we explored the effect of STING on glucose uptake. Results: Our study suggested that the expression of STING was not only up-regulated in CRC, but also correlated with TNM stage and poor prognosis. Moreover, STING regulates cell migration, proliferation, invasiveness and drug resistance via mediating AMPK-mTOR pathway. Finally, we confirmed that STING regulates energy metabolism in CRC cells. Conclusions: STING may be a promising biomarker and a target for chemosensitization and inhibition of CRC progression.
Assessment of long-term sequelae of pulmonary dysfunction associated with COVID 19 by using pulmonary pulse transit time
Authors: Duran Mustafa , Uygun Turgut , Kurtipek Ercan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose: Studies report deleterious impacts of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on multiple organs in the human body, not only in the acute infection period but also in the long-term sequelae. Recently defined pulmonary pulse transit time” (pPTT) was found to be a useful parameter regarding the evaluation of pulmonary hemodynamics. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pPTT might be a favorable tool for detecting the long-term sequelae of pulmonary dysfunction associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19).Methods: We evaluated 102 eligible patients with a prior history of laboratory-confirmed COVID 19 hospitalization at least 1 year ago and 100 age and sex-matched healthy controls. All participants’ medical records, clinical, and demographic features were analyzed and underwent detailed 12- lead electrocardiography, echocardiographic assessment, and pulmonary function tests.Results: According to our study, pPTT was positively correlated with forced expiratory volume in the 1st second, peak expiratory flow, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, (r= 0.478; p<0.001, r= 0.294; p= 0.047, r= 0.314; p= 0.032) as well as negatively correlated with systolic pulmonary artery pressure, (r= -0.328; p= 0.021).Conclusion: Our data indicate pPTT might be a convenient method for early prediction of pulmonary dysfunction among COVID 19 survivors.
Ligand GA: a genetic algorithm for automated protein inhibitor design
Authors: Chalmers Gordon 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ligand GA is introduced in this work and approaches the problem of finding small molecules inhibiting protein functions by using the protein site to find close to optimal or optimal small molecule binders. Genetic algorithms (GA) are an effective means for approximating or solving computationally hard mathematics problems with large search spaces such as this one. The algorithm is designed to include constraints on the generated molecules from ADME restriction, localization in a binding site, specified hydrogen bond requirements, toxicity prevention from multiple proteins, sub-structure restrictions, and database inclusion. This algorithm and work is in the context of computational modeling, ligand design and docking to protein sites.