bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical relationships between environmental factors and soil organic carbon produce comparable prediction accuracy to machine learning
Authors: Mishra Umakant , Yeo Kyongmin , Adhikari Kabindra , Riley William J. , Hoffman Forrest M. , Hudson Corey , Gautam Sagar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAccurate representation of environmental controllers of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in Earth System Model (ESM) land models could reduce uncertainties in future carbon–climate feedback projections. Using empirical relationships between environmental factors and SOC stocks to evaluate land models can help modelers understand prediction biases beyond what can be achieved with the observed SOC stocks alone. In this study, we used 31 observed environmental factors, field SOC observations (n = 6,213) from the continental United States, and two machine learning approaches (random forest [RF] and generalized additive modeling [GAM]) to (a) select important environmental predictors of SOC stocks, (b) derive empirical relationships between environmental factors and SOC stocks, and (c) use the derived relationships to predict SOC stocks and compare the prediction accuracy of simpler model developed with the machine learning predictions. Out of the 31 environmental factors we investigated, 12 were identified as important predictors of SOC stocks by the RF approach. In contrast, the GAM approach identified six (of those 12) environmental factors as important controllers of SOC stocks: potential evapotranspiration, normalized difference vegetation index, soil drainage condition, precipitation, elevation, and net primary productivity. The GAM approach showed minimal SOC predictive importance of the remaining six environmental factors identified by the RF approach. Our derived empirical relations produced comparable prediction accuracy to the GAM and RF approach using only a subset of environmental factors. The empirical relationships we derived using the GAM approach can serve as important benchmarks to evaluate environmental control representations of SOC stocks in ESMs, which could reduce uncertainty in predicting future carbon–climate feedbacks.
In vitro Digestibility Study of Starch Complexed with Different Guest Molecules
Authors: Yassaroh Yassaroh , Nurhaini Feni F. , Woortman Albert J. J. , Loos Katja 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDigestibility of starch is an essential issue in food science studies due to its close relationship with human health. Most common starchy foods contain rapidly digestible starch, which can lead to chronic diseases, including type II diabetes. Heat–moisture treated potato starch (HPS) followed by inclusion complexation with guest molecules is prepared to improve starch's physicochemical properties, resulting in reduced digestibility. The guest molecules used in this study are linoleic acid (LA), stearic acid (SA), and sodium stearate (SS). The in vitro digestibility of the modified starches over time compared to native starch after gelatinization at 95 °C is examined. The starch complexed with SS results in the least amount of rapidly digestible starch (RDS), followed by LA and SA, consecutively. Furthermore, the starch‐SS complexes are the most slowly digestible starch (SDS) and included the highest amount of resistant starch (RS), followed by LA and SA. Sodium stearate results in the highest transformation of RDS to be SDS and RS. Thermal analysis data and microscopy images support the digestion results.
Fiber‐based hand‐held RCM‐OCT probe for noninvasive assessment of skin lesions and therapy guidance
Authors: Maguluri Gopi , Grimble John , Mujat Mircea , Park Jesung , Caron Aliana , Iftimia Nicusor 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNoninvasive assessment of skin lesions, especially of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), has benefited more recently from the use of optical imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). While RCM provides submicron scale resolution and thus enables identification of skin morphological changes of the skin, with the downside of limited penetration depth, OCT imaging of the same lesion brings the benefit of better resolving its depth of invasion. OCT and RCM can be used either individually or combined within the same instrument for the noninvasive diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Their combined use has shown to provide certain benefits such as better characterization of the lesion's margins, both in depth and laterally, as well as improved sensitivity and specificity, as previously demonstrated by our team. In this article we report a new “fiber‐based” implementation of the second‐generation RCM‐OCT hand‐held probe. The fiber‐based implementation of both imaging modalities enabled the construction of a smaller footprint/lower weight hand‐held probe. Its preliminary evaluation on the skin of healthy volunteers is reported here, demonstrating improved capabilities for resolving sub‐cellular structures and image skin morphology with micron‐scale resolution to a higher depth than in the previous implementation, while also enabling the construction of angiography maps showing vascular remodeling.
Hospital wastewater treatment using eco‐friendly eugenol nanostructured lipid carriers: Formulation, optimization, and in vitro study for antibacterial and antioxidant properties
Authors: Shajari Mozhgan , Ahmadi Nahid , Zamani Mostafa , Rostamizadeh Kobra , Shapouri Reza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this study, nano‐formulation has been used to tackle one of the most important environmental problems which can be considered a major threat to human health. We prepared some eco‐friendly nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as delivery agents to properly deliver an antibacterial agent (eugenol) into hospital wastewater in order to control bacterial growth. Eugenol‐loaded nanostructured lipid carriers were prepared by hot high‐speed homogenization. Then, the prepared nanocarriers were characterized using different techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and dynamic scanning calorimetry. The turbidity assay and colony counting method were used to determine the ability of the prepared eugenol‐loaded nanostructured lipid carriers to inhibit bacterial growth rate in the culture media and hospital wastewater, respectively. The mean size and zeta potential of NLC‐eugenol were 78.12 ± 6.1 nm and −29.43 ± 2.21 mV, respectively. The results showed that the highest inhibitory effect of NLC‐eugenol in culture media was seen in standard and wild Staphylococcus aureus strains (43.42% and 26.41%, respectively) with a concentration of 0.125 μM. The antibacterial activity of NLC‐eugenol in sterile wastewater on wild strains of bacteria showed that the most effective concentration to reduce bacterial amounts was 0.125 μM on wild S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis strains (38% and 33.47%, respectively) at 37°C. The NLC‐eugenol with a concentration of 0.125 μM showed the greatest effect of reducing total microbial agents by 28.66% in hospital wastewater at 25°C. The highest antibacterial effect achieved using the 0.125 μM concentration is due to the egel phenomenon. Also, the mechanism of action of NLC‐eugenol is cell wall destruction and eventually cell death. The results showed that NLC‐eugenol with a concentration of 0.125 μM can reduce wild bacterial strains in sterilized wastewater and hospital wastewater, which can prove the great potential of the prepared eugenol‐loaded nanostructured lipid carriers to control bacterial growth.Practitioner Points

NLC is one of the safest biodegradable and environmentally friendly carriers, which is nontoxic for humans and the environment.
Eugenol is a natural compound, which makes it less toxic for the environment while being toxic for bacteria.
Therefore, our method has the least side effect in comparison with existing methods for wastewater treatment.
The gradual release of eugenol from NLC nanoparticles can effectively control the pathogenic factors of wastewater.
Rural Community Development in Sweden: From Challenging to Mainstream?
Authors: Forsberg Anette 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes and reflects on the Swedish rural/village movement that began in the late 1980s. The analysis accounts for rural politics, different concepts, and areas of expression within the rural movement, such as social economy. The results demonstrate that what was initially a protest movement highlighting rural perspectives and introducing new, locally based forms of governance has transformed into an EU mainstream agenda. In addition, a broad societal approach has been replaced with a narrower, enterprising point of view in which enterprising concepts are used to explain and legitimize local rural action as a whole. These transformative trends tend to render invisible the perspectives and values of ruralness once envisioned by local development groups and to obscure the village movement itself.
Statistical Risk Management
Authors: Milevsky Moshe Arye 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this chapter I dig deeper into the results from the (very basic) simulation presented in the prior chapter so users can develop a more sophisticated sense of the drivers of the outcomes. Along the way I will introduce summary metrics that can quickly and easily represent the thousands of possible data points using key dashboard metrics for the dividends and fund values. I will also examine the mortality assumptions and dig deeper into some what if questions and broader risk management issues.
Vorgehen und Datengrundlage des Altern als Zukunft- Projekts
Authors: Lang Frieder R. , Lessenich Stephan , Rothermund Klaus 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Altern als Zukunft-Projekt untersucht Einflüsse von strukturellen Dynamiken in modernen Gesellschaften auf personalisierte und allgemeine Altersbilder, Zeitmanagement sowie Vorsorge- und Zukunftshandeln im Lebenslauf mit vielfältigen methodischen Ansätzen. In diesem Rahmen wurden multidisziplinäre, multikulturelle, multimethodische und längsschnittliche Vorgehensweisen miteinander verknüpft.
Altersbilder
Authors: Rothermund Klaus 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungEin wesentlicher Teil des Projekts Altern als Zukunft besteht in der Erforschung von Altersbildern. Wir untersuchen also die Vorstellungen, die Menschen vom Alter im Allgemeinen, aber auch von ihrem persönlichen Alter haben. Warum tun wir das? Hätten wir nicht lieber das Alter und Altern selbst untersuchen sollen, statt nur Vorstellungen oder Einstellungen, die Menschen von oder zu ihrem Alter haben?
Runaway relaxion from finite density
Authors: Balkin Reuven , Serra Javi , Springmann Konstantin , Stelzl Stefan , Weiler Andreas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Finite density effects can destabilize the metastable vacua in relaxion models. Focusing on stars as nucleation seeds, we derive the conditions that lead to the formation and runaway of a relaxion bubble of a lower energy minimum than in vacuum. The resulting late-time phase transition in the universe allows us to set new constraints on the parameter space of relaxion models. We also find that similar instabilities can be triggered by the large electromagnetic fields around rotating neutron stars.
A defect in AdS3/CFT2 duality
Authors: Martinec Emil J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
AdS3 string theory in the stringy regime k = (RAdS/ℓs)2< 1 provides a laboratory for the study of holography in which both sides of AdS/CFT duality are under fairly good control. Worldsheet string theory is solvable, and for closed strings the dual spacetime CFT is a deformation of a symmetric product orbifold. Here we extend this construction to include open strings by adding a probe D-string, described semiclassically by an AdS2 D-brane in AdS3. The dual defect or boundary conformal field theory (BCFT) is again a deformed symmetric product, which now describes the Fock space of long open and closed strings near the AdS boundary, with a boundary deformation implementing the open/closed transition in addition to the symmetric product ℤ2 twist deformation that implements closed string joining/splitting. The construction thus provides an explicit example of an AdS3/BCFT2 duality.
On the Left Connected Subalgebra of the Descent Algebra of a Coxeter Group of Classical Type
Authors: Hellebrandt Linus , Pfeiffer Götz 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA Coxeter group of classical type $$A_n$$

A
n

, $$B_n$$

B
n

or $$D_n$$

D
n

contains a chain of subgroups of the same type. We show that intersections of conjugates of these subgroups are again of the same type, and make precise in which sense and to what extent this property is exclusive to the classical types of Coxeter groups. As the main tool for the proof, we use Solomon’s descent algebra. Using Stirling numbers, we express certain basis elements of the descent algebra as polynomials and derive explicit multiplication formulas for a commutative subalgebra of the descent algebra.
Modulation of a long-lasting extreme cold event in Siberia by a minor sudden stratospheric warming and the dynamical mechanism involved
Authors: Liu Meichen , Hu Dingzhu , Guan Zhaoyong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have paid much attention to the impact of major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events on the tropospheric circulation. However, the attention to the modulation of minor SSW events on the extreme cold events is limited. In this study, the extreme cold event in Siberia in the winter of 2000/2001, the longest-lasting one from 1980/1981 to 2019/2020, and its linkages to the minor SSW event have been examined. Our results show that the largest cooling occurred in Siberia during 30 December 2000 − 10 January 2001, and then the cooling weakened and migrated to Northeast China from 11 to 18 January 2001. During the recovery stage of this minor SSW event, the stratospheric polar vortex gradually strengthened, along with strengthening of the zonal winds over the Ural region. The vertical distribution of positive zonal wind anomalies in the Ural region favored the reflection of stratospheric planetary wave in the Atlantic-Euro and Siberia region. The changes of planetary wave propagation were beneficial to the strengthening of the trough in the Atlantic-Euro and Siberia region during 26 December − 10 January, which facilitated the growth and maintenance of the Ural ridge in the same period by strengthening the meridional flow. The strengthened Ural ridge resulted in the extreme cold event breaking out and lasting from 30 December to 10 January. Because the stratospheric polar vortex did not continue to strengthen and a new ridge generated in the Atlantic region during 11 − 18 January, the Ural ridge decayed and the cold air moved to Northeast China.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Yun-Long , Wang Ying , Liu Chao , Jiang Yu-Lin , Wei Yan-Dong , Meng Hua , Jian Shan , Zhu Xi-Ting , Pei Li-Jian , Bai Xiao-Chen , Feng Feng , Lv Yan , Zhou Xi-Ya , Qi Qing-Wei , Li Jing-Na , Ji Wei , Ma Li-Shuang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the treatment of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods
We retrospectively collected and compared the data of patients with CDH admitted between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021(study group) with the CDH patients admitted before the pandemic between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019 (control group).

Results
During the pandemic, 41 patients with CDH diagnosed prenatally were transferred to our hospital, and 40 underwent surgical repair. The number of patients treated in our hospital increased by 24.2% compared with the 33 patients before the pandemic. During the pandemic, the overall survival rate, postoperative survival rate and recurrence rate were 85.4%, 87.5% and 7.3%, respectively, and there were no significant differences compared with the control group (75.8%, 83.3% and 9.1%, respectively). The average length of hospital stay in patients admitted during the pandemic was longer than that in the control group (31 days vs. 16 days, P < 0.001), and the incidence of nosocomial infection was higher than that in the control group (19.5% vs. 3%, P = 0.037).

Conclusions
CDH patients confirmed to be SARS-CoV-2 infection-free can receive routine treatment. Our data indicate that the implementation of protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, along with appropriate screening and case evaluation, do not have a negative impact on the prognosis of children.
Assessment of olfactory fluctuations in a clinical context
Authors: Hernandez Anna Kristina , Juratli Lena , Haehner Antje , Hsieh Julien W. , Landis Basile N. , Hummel Thomas 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to investigate whether olfactory fluctuations (OF) are pronounced in patients with sinonasal olfactory dysfunction (OD).

Methods
The retrospective investigation included patients aged 18 years or older, who consulted a tertiary referral center for olfactory loss. Patients with normal smell function were excluded. Patients answered a structured questionnaire about their olfactory symptoms, with specific questions related to the presence of OF and its average frequency, amplitude, duration, time since most recent OF, and associated symptoms of self-reported OF. Patients also underwent clinical evaluation including a structured medical history and physical examination including nasal endoscopy. In addition, we assessed orthonasal olfactory function using Sniffin’ Sticks, and gustatory function using “taste sprays”.

Results
Participants included 131 men and 205 women (n = 336), aged 18 to 86 years (mean 50, SD 16). Patient-reported fluctuations occurred most frequently in sinonasal (38%), idiopathic (29%), and postviral (29%) OD. Amplitude of OF was highest in postviral OD (p = 0.009). Average frequency, duration, and the time since the most recent fluctuation were not significantly different between groups (all p’s > 0.42). Odor discrimination (p = 0.002) and identification (p = 0.017) scores were higher among those individuals with OF.

Conclusion
Amplitude of OF may help distinguish postviral from other causes of OD, especially in patients presenting with equivocal symptoms of sinonasal disease.
Discovery and genome sequencing of a new virus related to members of the family Tymoviridae, isolated from mosquitoes of the genus Mansonia in Brazil
Authors: Miranda Keissy Karoline Pinheiro , Galvão Glennda Juscely Pereira , da Silva Araújo Pedro Arthur , da Silva Ribeiro Ana Claudia , da Silva Sandro Patroca , da Silva Lemos Poliana , Martins Lívia Carício , Nunes Márcio Roberto Teixeira , da Costa Vasconcelos Pedro Fernando , da Costa Ferreira Vânia , da Costa Fábio Medeiros , Roque Rosemary Aparecida , Tadei Wanderli Pedro , Cruz Ana Cecilia Ribeiro , Carvalho Valéria Lima 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new virus, named Mutum virus, related to members of the family Tymoviridae, was isolated from mosquitoes (Mansonia spp.) in clone C6/36 cells, and its complete genome was sequenced. Its genome is 6494 nt in size with an organization resembling that of tymovirids. The isolated virus is phylogenetically related to two viruses isolated from Culex spp. mosquitoes: Ek Balam virus, reported in Mexico, and Culex-originated Tymoviridae-like virus, isolated in China. The results of this study suggest that this virus is a new member of the family Tymoviridae.
A Study of Mobile App Use for Teaching and Research in Higher Education
Authors: Hinze Annika , Vanderschantz Nicholas , Timpany Claire , Cunningham Sally Jo , Saravani Sarah-Jane , Wilkinson Clive 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe exponential growth in the use of digital technologies and the availability of mobile software applications (apps) has been well documented over the past decade. Literature on the integration of mobile technology into higher education reveals an increasing focus on how mobile devices are used within the classroom environment, both physical and online, rather than on how mobile applications may be used for either teaching or the research process. Our study surveyed staff and higher degree research students at a New Zealand university using an online questionnaire to gain insight into the use of mobile apps for tertiary teaching and research, seeking information, particularly on which apps were used for which tasks and what obstacles hindered their use. The online survey used 29 questions and ran in 2016/2017. 269 participants completed the survey, nearly 20% of the potential sample. We found that mobile apps were used by academics and students for both teaching and research, primarily in the form of document and data storage and exchange, and communication. Very little app use was recorded for in-class activities (teaching) or in-field activities (research). Apps use resulted from personal motivation rather than institutional planning. Both students and academics reported that institutional support and flexibility would likely provide motivation and lead to increased app use for both research and teaching.
DFT and TD-DFT studies of 1,3,5-Tris (dipheny1amino) benzene derivatives based hole transport materials: application for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Babu Numbury Surendra , Riwa Irene Octavian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe current study examined a series of 1,3,5-tris (diphenylamino) benzene derivatives used as hole transport materials in perovskite solar cells (HTM1-HTM9). All calculations were performed utilizing the density functional theory (DFT) and TD/DFT procedures at B3LYP/6-311G level. The ground state geometry, frontier molecular orbital (FMO), photoelectric properties and reorganization energies and the absorption spectra were investigated. The energy levels of highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) were calculated for HTM1-HTM9, compared to all of the compounds under investigation and the spiro-OMeTAD, HTM 8 has the lowest HOMO energy level, indicating a favourable overlap with the MAPbI3 perovskite active layer.
How microblogging affords conditions for realising student voices about the body and sexuality in a science education lesson
Authors: Frøytlog Jo Inge J. , Rasmussen Ingvill , Ludvigsen Sten R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEmpowering students to express their own voices is an important educational aim; yet, the exploration of sensitive topics in discussion-based activities poses particular challenges concerning the realisation of student voices. In consideration of this issue, we analyse how one teacher and his lower secondary students coped with such challenges by using microblogging technology designed specifically for educational purposes. We examine the extent to which this technology affords extended conditions for the aforementioned realisation when ideas about the body and sexuality are presented, shared and justified in a science lesson. Our results illustrate how microblogging contributes to the emergence of new communicative principles of sequentiality that are not present in classroom discussions without digital technology. We argue that these principles are central to why students are ultimately being provided a space for participation wherein conditions for realising their voices about a sensitive topic in Science are extended.