bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Maison des esclaves de Gorée : à l’intersection entre histoire, mémoires et émotions – ADDENDUM
Authors: Sene Cheikh 
Published: May 2022

ResumoA ilha de Gorée é um símbolo e um lugar de memória do tráfico atlântico de escravos e da escravatura na Senegâmbia. A 27 de dezembro de 1996, o jornalista francês Emmanuel de Roux publicou, no jornal diário Le Monde, um artigo intitulado “Le mythe de la maison des esclaves résiste à la réalité” (“O mito da casa dos escravos resiste à realidade”). Este artigo punha em causa a Casa dos Escravos de Gorée, a qual, de acordo com o autor, nunca tinha albergado escravos do tráfico negreiro. O artigo deu origem a um debate público envolvendo história, memória e emoções. Em 1997, os investigadores e as autoridades políticas senegalesas organizaram um encontro científico destinado a contrariar todas as “tentativas de anestesiar a memória coletiva”.
War as Work: Labor and Soldiering in History
Authors: Daly Samuel Fury Childs 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the decade since International Labor and Working-Class History (ILWCH) published its special issue on “Labor and the Military,” treating military service as a problem of labor has grown from a provocation into a major debate. By surveying five recent books on soldiering as a form of labor, this essay poses a set of questions about warfare and work. Is military service best understood as a form of labor, and what might that perspective reveal, or occlude? How do militaries draw the line between those who work and those who fight? Where does that line become blurry? How do soldiers themselves understand the peculiar forms of “work” that war demands? War and work are not separate domains of experience, as these books show. But in some respects, they still demand different tools of analysis.
Safewards-Modell: Was bringt es?
Authors: Fangmeyer Martin , Günthör Edeltraud 
Published: May 2022

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Patient_innen im psychiatrischen Setting können gefährliche Verhaltensweisen entwickeln. Eine Möglichkeit derartiges Verhalten zu reduzieren, stellen die Maßnahmen des Safewards-Modells dar. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Auf Basis einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden die Studienergebnisse in einer Evidenzsynthese zusammengefasst. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Auf Basis der vorliegenden Daten zu den Endpunkten, Konflikten sowie Eindämmungs- und Zwangsmaßnahmen können Entscheidungen bezüglich einer Implementierung des Modells unterstützt werden.
Decline in the Nutrient Inventories of the Upper Subtropical Northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Kim JiHyun , Kim Guebuem , Cho Hyung‐Mi , Nam SungHyun , Hwang Jeomshik , Park Sojin , Lee KyungJae , DeVries Tim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe surface nutrient concentrations of the Northwest Pacific Ocean have shown distinct changes over the past four decades, which have been variably attributed to changes in anthropogenic nitrogen inputs or stratification. Here, we present a new data compilation that demonstrates a long‐term decline in the surface nutrient concentrations caused by a significant decrease (∼25%) in the nutrient inventories of the permanent thermocline (100–850 m) rather than by enhanced stratification. This subsurface nutrient decrease is likely due to the northward expansion of high‐temperature, low‐nutrient subtropical gyre waters associated with climate change and a regional physical regime shift. Furthermore, a declining trend in the N:P ratio pointing toward greater N‐limitation is observed in this research, in contrast to current assumptions inferring P‐limitation by anthropogenic nitrogen inputs. Our results imply that these shifts may influence new production as well as carbon sequestration in this region.
Neutrophils and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells: an emerging battleground in cancer therapy
Authors: Raskov Hans , Orhan Adile , Gaggar Shruti , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeutrophils are central mediators of innate and adaptive immunity and first responders to tissue damage. Although vital to our health, their activation, function, and resolution are critical to preventing chronic inflammation that may contribute to carcinogenesis. Cancers are associated with the expansion of the neutrophil compartment with an escalation in the number of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) in the peripheral circulation and tumor microenvironment. Although phenotypically similar to classically activated neutrophils, PMN-MDSC is pathologically activated and immunosuppressive in nature. They dynamically interact with other cell populations and tissue components and convey resistance to anticancer therapies while accelerating disease progression and metastatic spread. Cancer-associated neutrophilia and tumor infiltration of neutrophils are significant markers of poor outcomes in many cancers. Recently, there has been significant progress in the identification of molecular markers of PMN-MDSC providing insights into the central role of PMN-MDSC in the local tumor microenvironment as well as the systemic immune response in cancer. Further advances in sequencing and proteomics techniques will improve our understanding of their diverse functionalities and the complex molecular mechanisms at play. Targeting PMN-MDSC is currently one of the major focus areas in cancer research and several signaling pathways representing possible treatment targets have been identified. Positive results from preclinical studies clearly justify the current investigation in drug development and thus novel therapeutic strategies are being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the involvement of PMN-MDSC in cancer initiation and progression and their potential as therapeutic targets and clinical biomarkers in different cancers.
Severe intraventricular hemorrhage causes long-lasting structural damage in a preterm rabbit pup model
Authors: Romantsik Olga , Ross-Munro Emily , Grönlund Susanne , Holmqvist Bo , Brinte Anders , Gerdtsson Erik , Vallius Suvi , Bruschettini Matteo , Wang Xiaoyang , Fleiss Bobbi , Ley David 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Intraventricular hemorrhage causes significant lifelong mortality and morbidity, especially in preterm born infants. Progress in finding an effective therapy is stymied by a lack of preterm animal models with long-term follow-up. This study addresses this unmet need, using an established model of preterm rabbit IVH and analyzing outcomes out to 1 month of age.

Methods
Rabbit pups were delivered preterm and administered intraperitoneal injection of glycerol at 3 h of life and approximately 58% developed IVH. Neurobehavioral assessment was performed at 1 month of age followed by immunohistochemical labeling of epitopes for neurons, synapses, myelination, and interneurons, analyzed by means of digital quantitation and assessed via two-way ANOVA or Student’s t test.

Results
IVH pups had globally reduced myelin content, an aberrant cortical myelination microstructure, and thinner upper cortical layers (I–III). We also observed a lower number of parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons in deeper cortical layers (IV–VI) in IVH animals and reduced numbers of neurons, synapses, and microglia. However, there were no discernable changes in behaviors.

Conclusions
We have established in this preterm pup model that long-term changes after IVH include significant wide-ranging alterations to cortical organization and microstructure. Further work to improve the sensitivity of neurocognitive testing in this species at this age may be required.

Impact

This study uses an established animal model of preterm birth, in which the rabbit pups are truly born preterm, with reduced organ maturation and deprivation of maternally supplied trophic factors.

This is the first study in preterm rabbits that explores the impacts of severe intraventricular hemorrhage beyond 14 days, out to 1 month of age.

Our finding of persisting but subtle global changes including brain white and gray matter will have impact on our understanding of the best path for therapy design and interventions.
Probiotic supplementation for neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions: guidelines for future research
Authors: Rao Shripada , Esvaran Meera , Chen Liwei , Kok Chooi , Keil Anthony D. , Gollow Ian , Simmer Karen , Wemheuer Bernd , Conway Patricia , Patole Sanjay 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Our pilot RCT found that probiotic supplementation with the three-strain bifidobacterial product (B. breve M-16V, B. longum subsp. infantis M-63 and B. longum subsp. longum BB536) attenuates gut dysbiosis, increases stool short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels and improves the growth of head circumference in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions (CGISC). In this article, we have provided guidelines for designing future multicentre RCTs based on the experience gained from our pilot RCT. The recommendations include advice about sample size, potential confounders, outcomes of interest, probiotic strain selection, storage, dose, duration and microbial quality assurance, collection of stool samples, storage and analysis and reporting. Following these guidelines will increase the validity of future RCTs in this area and hence confidence in their results.

Impact

Probiotic supplementation attenuates gut dysbiosis, increases stool short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels and improves the growth of head circumference in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal surgical conditions.

The current review provides evidence-based guidelines to conduct adequately powered RCTs in this field.
PET2 response associated with survival in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: results of two independent prospective cohorts
Authors: Desai Sanjal H. , Pederson Levi , LaPlant Betsy , Mwangi Raphael , Maurer Matthew , Young Jason R. , Macon William R. , King Rebecca L. , Wang Yucai , Cerhan James R. , Feldman Andrew , Inwards David J. , Micallef Ivana , Johnston Patrick , Porrata Luis F. , Ansell Stephen M. , Habermann Thomas M. , Witzig Thomas E. , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractStudies evaluating Positron Emission Tomography scan after 2 cycles of chemotherapy (PET2) in newly diagnosed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are heterogeneous in patient characteristics, treatments and have conflicting results. Here we report association of PET2 with outcomes in two large independent prospective cohorts of newly diagnosed DLBCL pts treated with two RCHOP-based regimens. The discovery cohort consisted of pts enrolled in single arm phase 2 MC078E study of lenalidomide with RCHOP (R2CHOP). The validation cohort consisted of RCHOP-treated pts from the Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) cohort. Pts who received 3-6 cycles of therapy and had PET2 were included in the study. Patients who progressed on PET2 were excluded. Revised response criteria 2007 were used to define PET2 response PET2 positive (PET2 + ) pts had inferior EFS [24-month EFS 45.5% vs 87.9%, HR 4.0, CI95 (2.1–7.9), p < 0.0001) with a trend towards lower OS [24-months OS 77% vs 94.8%, HR 2.0, CI95 (0.9–4.8), P = 0.1] than PET2 negative (PET2−) pts in MC078E cohort. PET2 + pts had an inferior EFS (24 month EFS 48.7% vs 81.6%, HR 2.9, CI95 2.0–4.2, p < 0.0001) and OS (24-month OS 68.6% vs 88.1%, HR 2.3, CI95: 1.5–3.5, p < 0.0001) in the MER cohort. These results were consistent regardless of age, sex and in the subgroup of advanced stage and high-risk international prognostic index (IPI). For MER, PET2 + pts also had higher odds of positive end of treatment PET (OR: 17.3 (CI95 7.9–37.7), p < 0.001). PET2 is an early predictor DLBCL pts at high risk of progression and death in two independent prospective cohorts. PET2-guided risk-adapted strategies may improve outcomes, and should be explored in clinical trials.
Mitochondria supply sub-lethal signals for cytokine secretion and DNA-damage in H. pylori infection
Authors: Dörflinger Benedikt , Badr Mohamed Tarek , Haimovici Aladin , Fischer Lena , Vier Juliane , Metz Arlena , Eisele Bianca , Bronsert Peter , Aumann Konrad , Höppner Jens , Waguia Kontchou Collins , Parui Ishita , Weber Arnim , Kirschnek Susanne , Häcker Georg 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe bacterium Helicobacter pylori induces gastric inflammation and predisposes to cancer. H. pylori-infected epithelial cells secrete cytokines and chemokines and undergo DNA-damage. We show that the host cell’s mitochondrial apoptosis system contributes to cytokine secretion and DNA-damage in the absence of cell death. H. pylori induced secretion of cytokines/chemokines from epithelial cells, dependent on the mitochondrial apoptosis machinery. A signalling step was identified in the release of mitochondrial Smac/DIABLO, which was required for alternative NF-κB-activation and contributed to chemokine secretion. The bacterial cag-pathogenicity island and bacterial muropeptide triggered mitochondrial host cell signals through the pattern recognition receptor NOD1. H. pylori-induced DNA-damage depended on mitochondrial apoptosis signals and the caspase-activated DNAse. In biopsies from H. pylori-positive patients, we observed a correlation of Smac-levels and inflammation. Non-apoptotic cells in these samples showed evidence of caspase-3-activation, correlating with phosphorylation of the DNA-damage response kinase ATM. Thus, H. pylori activates the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to a sub-lethal level. During infection, Smac has a cytosolic, pro-inflammatory role in the absence of apoptosis. Further, DNA-damage through sub-lethal mitochondrial signals is likely to contribute to mutagenesis and cancer development.
HMGA1 positively regulates the microtubule-destabilizing protein stathmin promoting motility in TNBC cells and decreasing tumour sensitivity to paclitaxel
Authors: Sgubin Michela , Pegoraro Silvia , Pellarin Ilenia , Ros Gloria , Sgarra Riccardo , Piazza Silvano , Baldassarre Gustavo , Belletti Barbara , Manfioletti Guidalberto 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHigh Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) is an architectural chromatin factor involved in the regulation of gene expression and a master regulator in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). In TNBC, HMGA1 is overexpressed and coordinates a gene network that controls cellular processes involved in tumour development, progression, and metastasis formation. Here, we find that the expression of HMGA1 and of the microtubule-destabilizing protein stathmin correlates in breast cancer (BC) patients. We demonstrate that HMGA1 depletion leads to a downregulation of stathmin expression and activity on microtubules resulting in decreased TNBC cell motility. We show that this pathway is mediated by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 (p27). Indeed, the silencing of HMGA1 expression in TNBC cells results both in an increased p27 protein stability and p27-stathmin binding. When the expression of both HMGA1 and p27 is silenced, we observe a significant rescue in cell motility. These data, obtained in cellular models, were validated in BC patients. In fact, we find that patients with high levels of both HMGA1 and stathmin and low levels of p27 have a statistically significant lower survival probability in terms of relapse-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) with respect to the patient group with low HMGA1, low stathmin, and high p27 expression levels. Finally, we show in an in vivo xenograft model that depletion of HMGA1 chemo-sensitizes tumour cells to paclitaxel, a drug that is commonly used in TNBC treatments. This study unveils a new interaction among HMGA1, p27, and stathmin that is critical in BC cell migration. Moreover, our data suggest that taxol-based treatments may be more effective in reducing the tumour burden when tumour cells express low levels of HMGA1.
Somatic FOXC1 insertion mutation remodels the immune microenvironment and promotes the progression of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wang Yaping , Ma Xiaopeng , Huang Jie , Yang Xiaoyun , Kang Meiyun , Sun Xiaoyan , Li Huimin , Wu Yijun , Zhang Heng , Zhu Yuting , Xue Yao , Fang Yongjun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant hematological diseases in children. An immunosuppressive microenvironment, particularly regulatory T cell (Treg) infiltration, has been documented to be highly associated with childhood ALL. This present study, based on genetic factors, was aimed at investigating the mutations potentially involved in the immunosuppressive microenvironment in childhood ALL. After whole-exome sequencing was used on DNA extracted from the T cells of ALL bone marrow samples, we found the FOXC1 H446HG induced a increased Treg while decreased cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) in bone marrow. The mutation of FOXC1 in T cell promoted the proliferation of leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. CpG islands formed by insertion mutation led to an abnormal increase in exon methylation and were associated with the suppression of FOXC1. Decreased FOXC1 attenuated the transcription of HDAC1, thus resulting in the activation of KLF10 through increasing H3K27 acetylation in the promoter region. In conclusion, the de novo insertion mutation in FOXC1 induced suppression of FOXC1, thereby promoting a Treg/CTL shift in the ALL immune microenvironment. The FOXC1 H446HG mutation might be a potential therapeutic target for ALL in the future.
Bacteriophage treatment of disseminated cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae infection
Authors: Little Jessica S. , Dedrick Rebekah M. , Freeman Krista G. , Cristinziano Madison , Smith Bailey E. , Benson Constance A. , Jhaveri Tulip A. , Baden Lindsey R. , Solomon Daniel A. , Hatfull Graham F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMycobacterium chelonae is a rare cause of chronic disseminated cutaneous infections in immunocompromised patients. Multidrug-resistant M. chelonae infections present a challenge for treatment, and prolonged antimicrobial courses lead to significant toxicities and further antimicrobial resistance. We report a case of refractory cutaneous disseminated M. chelonae infection in a patient with seronegative arthritis on immunotherapy with tofacitinib that was treated with combination antimicrobial, surgical, and single bacteriophage therapy with excellent clinical response. The patient developed neutralizing antibodies against the bacteriophage but continues to have stable improvement of disease with negative biopsies and no evidence of bacterial resistance to the phage.
Multivalent interactions essential for lentiviral integrase function
Authors: Ballandras-Colas Allison , Chivukula Vidya , Gruszka Dominika T. , Shan Zelin , Singh Parmit K. , Pye Valerie E. , McLean Rebecca K. , Bedwell Gregory J. , Li Wen , Nans Andrea , Cook Nicola J. , Fadel Hind J. , Poeschla Eric M. , Griffiths David J. , Vargas Javier , Taylor Ian A. , Lyumkis Dmitry , Yardimci Hasan , Engelman Alan N. , Cherepanov Peter 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA multimer of retroviral integrase (IN) synapses viral DNA ends within a stable intasome nucleoprotein complex for integration into a host cell genome. Reconstitution of the intasome from the maedi-visna virus (MVV), an ovine lentivirus, revealed a large assembly containing sixteen IN subunits1. Herein, we report cryo-EM structures of the lentiviral intasome prior to engagement of target DNA and following strand transfer, refined at 3.4 and 3.5 Å resolution, respectively. The structures elucidate details of the protein-protein and protein-DNA interfaces involved in lentiviral intasome formation. We show that the homomeric interfaces involved in IN hexadecamer formation and the α-helical configuration of the linker connecting the C-terminal and catalytic core domains are critical for MVV IN strand transfer activity in vitro and for virus infectivity. Single-molecule microscopy in conjunction with photobleaching reveals that the MVV intasome can bind a variable number, up to sixteen molecules, of the lentivirus-specific host factor LEDGF/p75. Concordantly, ablation of endogenous LEDGF/p75 results in gross redistribution of MVV integration sites in human and ovine cells. Our data confirm the importance of the expanded architecture observed in cryo-EM studies of lentiviral intasomes and suggest that this organization underlies multivalent interactions with chromatin for integration targeting to active genes.
Inverse design enables large-scale high-performance meta-optics reshaping virtual reality
Authors: Li Zhaoyi , Pestourie Raphaël , Park Joon-Suh , Huang Yao-Wei , Johnson Steven G. , Capasso Federico 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMeta-optics has achieved major breakthroughs in the past decade; however, conventional forward design faces challenges as functionality complexity and device size scale up. Inverse design aims at optimizing meta-optics design but has been currently limited by expensive brute-force numerical solvers to small devices, which are also difficult to realize experimentally. Here, we present a general inverse-design framework for aperiodic large-scale (20k × 20k λ2) complex meta-optics in three dimensions, which alleviates computational cost for both simulation and optimization via a fast approximate solver and an adjoint method, respectively. Our framework naturally accounts for fabrication constraints via a surrogate model. In experiments, we demonstrate aberration-corrected metalenses working in the visible with high numerical aperture, poly-chromatic focusing, and large diameter up to the centimeter scale. Such large-scale meta-optics opens a new paradigm for applications, and we demonstrate its potential for future virtual-reality platforms by using a meta-eyepiece and a laser back-illuminated micro-Liquid Crystal Display.
Palaeogenomic analysis of black rat (Rattus rattus) reveals multiple European introductions associated with human economic history
Authors: Yu He , Jamieson Alexandra , Hulme-Beaman Ardern , Conroy Chris J. , Knight Becky , Speller Camilla , Al-Jarah Hiba , Eager Heidi , Trinks Alexandra , Adikari Gamini , Baron Henriette , Böhlendorf-Arslan Beate , Bohingamuwa Wijerathne , Crowther Alison , Cucchi Thomas , Esser Kinie , Fleisher Jeffrey , Gidney Louisa , Gladilina Elena , Gol’din Pavel , Goodman Steven M. , Hamilton-Dyer Sheila , Helm Richard , Hillman Jesse C. , Kallala Nabil , Kivikero Hanna , Kovács Zsófia E. , Kunst Günther Karl , Kyselý René , Linderholm Anna , Maraoui-Telmini Bouthéina , Marković Nemanja , Morales-Muñiz Arturo , Nabais Mariana , O’Connor Terry , Oueslati Tarek , Quintana Morales Eréndira M. , Pasda Kerstin , Perera Jude , Perera Nimal , Radbauer Silvia , Ramon Joan , Rannamäe Eve , Sanmartí Grego Joan , Treasure Edward , Valenzuela-Lamas Silvia , van der Jagt Inge , Van Neer Wim , Vigne Jean-Denis , Walker Thomas , Wynne-Jones Stephanie , Zeiler Jørn , Dobney Keith , Boivin Nicole , Searle Jeremy B. , Krause-Kyora Ben , Krause Johannes , Larson Greger , Orton David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe distribution of the black rat (Rattus rattus) has been heavily influenced by its association with humans. The dispersal history of this non-native commensal rodent across Europe, however, remains poorly understood, and different introductions may have occurred during the Roman and medieval periods. Here, in order to reconstruct the population history of European black rats, we first generate a de novo genome assembly of the black rat. We then sequence 67 ancient and three modern black rat mitogenomes, and 36 ancient and three modern nuclear genomes from archaeological sites spanning the 1st-17th centuries CE in Europe and North Africa. Analyses of our newly reported sequences, together with published mitochondrial DNA sequences, confirm that black rats were introduced into the Mediterranean and Europe from Southwest Asia. Genomic analyses of the ancient rats reveal a population turnover in temperate Europe between the 6th and 10th centuries CE, coincident with an archaeologically attested decline in the black rat population. The near disappearance and re-emergence of black rats in Europe may have been the result of the breakdown of the Roman Empire, the First Plague Pandemic, and/or post-Roman climatic cooling.