bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A two‐stage network interdiction‐monitoring game
Authors: Nguyen Di H. , Song Yongjia , Smith J. Cole 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study a network interdiction problem involving two agents: a defender and an evader. The evader seeks to traverse a path from a source node to a terminus node in a directed network without being detected. The game takes place in two stages. In the first stage, the defender removes a set of arcs in the network. In the second stage, the defender and evader play a simultaneous game. The defender monitors a set of arcs, thus increasing the probability that the evader will be detected on that arc (if the evader uses the arc). The evader selects a source‐terminus path. Because the second stage is played simultaneously, both agents use mixed‐strategy solutions. We approach the solution of the second‐stage problem by proposing a constraint‐and‐column generation algorithm. We show that both the constraint‐generation and column‐generation problems are NP‐hard. Accordingly, we prescribe approximate versions of these problems that can be solved more efficiently. Our algorithm relies on solving the approximate versions until it is necessary to obtain an exact solution of the constraint‐generation and column‐generation problems. Then, to link the first‐ and second‐stage problems, we model the original problem using an epigraph reformulation, which we solve using a Benders‐decomposition based approach. The efficacy of our approach is demonstrated on a set of randomly generated test instances.
Developing a competency framework for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation nurses: A qualitative study
Authors: Hong Liwei , Hou Chunyi , Chen Lihua , Huang Xiaoqun , Huang Jingye , Liu Weijuan , Shen Xiangxiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo develop a competency framework applicable to Chinese extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) nurses.DesignA qualitative study was performed following the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews based on the critical incident technique were conducted among 21 ECMO care providers recruited from five well‐known ECMO centres in Guangzhou, China. Interview transcripts were coded and analysed using the constant comparative method. The data collection period lasted from November 2021 to April 2022.ResultsA competency framework for ECMO nurses was identified. It included four domains: knowledge, skills, behaviours and attitudes, containing 33 subcompetencies and 66 items.Relevance to clinical practiceThis framework can be a reference for the assessment and training of ECMO nurses.
Factors related to career interruption and Re‐employment of women in human health and social work activities sector: Comparison with other industry sectors
Authors: Yun Younghee , Hong Kyung Jin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aims to examine the factors related to career interruption and re‐employment of women who had worked or were working in the human health sector and to compare them with those in other industrial sectors.DesignSecondary data analysis study.MethodsData from the 2019 economic activities survey of career‐interrupted women of South Korea was used, and 2570 participants were included in the analysis.ResultsWomen who had majored in health care and had worked, or were working, in the human health and social work activities sector showed a higher tendency to work more than 40 h per week, compared to the mean of all participants. Moreover, parental leave and flexible working time were related to career interruption and re‐employment.Patient or Public ContributionPolicies that encourage the use of parental leave and flexible shift work systems should be developed and implemented to prevent career interruption of women in the health sector.
COVID‐19 vaccine equity in doldrums: Good governance deficits
Authors: Bhuiyan Shahjahan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper explores whether inequities in access to COVID‐19 vaccines can be attributed to governance deficits, particularly for developing and emerging countries where poor governance is widespread, but also for developed countries, where governments' performance fell short of expectations. These shared performance deficits beg questions about the impact of governance quality as well as the interplay of ethics in governance when life‐or‐death decisions must be made. It also explores the impact of COVID‐19 on development, especially in the areas of poverty and employment. The findings of the paper show that there is a positive correlation between vaccine equity and good governance, meaning that countries with higher scores in governance rankings have more access to vaccines and have vaccinated most of their populations. Similarly, countries with relatively lower scores in governance rankings have poor access to and distribution of vaccines and have only covered a limited number of their people. The paper further points to disastrous societal impacts of COVID‐19 vaccine inequity on poverty and employment, which have hindered global development.
Synthesis of antimicrobial polymers with mannose residues as binders for the FimH adhesin of Escherichia coli
Authors: Miyagawa Atsushi , Ohno Shinya , Yamamura Hatsuo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecently, antimicrobial polymers have been developed as novel antibiotics, and they are beneficial for human health. An advantage of these polymers is that they can be easily functionalized via the addition or modification of monomers. In this study, to enhance the bacterial selectivity and antimicrobial activity of a polymer, mannose monomers were copolymerized with aminopropyl monomers and isoalkyl monomers. These mannose monomers were found to mimic the mannan and N‐glycan moieties on mammalian cells interacting with the FimH adhesin of Escherichia coli. A mannose monomer with a short ethyl linker did not enhance the antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 32 μg/ml) against E. coli; however, that with a longer hexyl linker enhanced the antimicrobial activity (MIC: 16 μg/ml) against E. coli selectivity (no effect on Staphylococcus aureus was observed). Further, the polymer containing the hexyl mannose residue did not develop resistance in E. coli after 15 passages. Consequently, polymers with mannose units, which have a high affinity for the FimH adhesin, can serve as effective and selective antimicrobial agents against E. coli.
Thermoresponsive catechol end‐functionalized polymers/CBPQT4+, 4Cl− supramolecular assembly
Authors: Defrançois Sarah , Bouad Vincent , Woisel Patrice , Lyskawa Joël 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the past decade, the adhesive properties of catechol derivatives have inspired researchers for the design of various macromolecular architectures featuring fascinating properties and finding applications in energy storage, coatings, adhesives and biomaterials. In this work, the complexation of catechol end‐functionalized polymers prepared by RAFT polymerization was investigated in aqueous media with the electron‐deficient tetracationic cyclophane cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) (CBPQT4+) by using UV–Vis and 1H NMR experiments. The formation of pseudorotaxanes between the catechol end‐functionalized polymers and the CBPQT4+,4Cl− leads to the formation of colored guest‐specific complexes displaying tunable complexation properties. In particular, we demonstrated that the thermo‐responsiveness i.e. the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the catechol end‐functionalized poly(NIPAM) could be used as a simple and convenient tool to disrupt the complexation with CBPQT4+; 4Cl− resulting in the disappearance of the characteristic color of the Catechol/BB complex while releasing the cyclophane in the aqueous solution. Furthermore, these supramolecular host/guest assemblies could be disrupted, on demand, by the addition of a competitive Naphthalene derivative leading to the appearance of the characteristic purple color of Naphthalene/CBPQT4+ complexes. These results pave the way for the design of a new generation of stimuli responsive materials with control properties.
Polyimides with super‐highTgand ultra‐low coefficient of thermal expansion fromN‐substituted bibenzimidazole diamines
Authors: Ke Zhao , Wang Mengxia , Gu Qian , Li Dongwu , Dai Fengna , Chen Haiquan , Qian Guangtao , Li Dandan , Li Hui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolyimides (PIs) with super heat‐resistance and ultralow coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) are required urgently to employ as plastic substrates in flexible‐display devices. To attain the target properties, we designed and synthesized a novel bibenzimidazole diamine characterized in having aN‐phenyl group, namely 1‐phenyl‐2,2′‐bibenzoimidazole‐5,5′‐diamine (PhDABZ), and focused on an aromatic poly(benzimidazole imide) series derived from 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic (PMDA). Incorporating bibenzimidazole andN‐substituent effectively increase the interchain interaction and chance for flexible film formation, which provides the PIs with high glass‐transition temperature (Tg > 480 °C) and dimensional stability (CTE < 10 ppm K−1). These data provide a feasible method to achieve higher thermal properties of PIs.
Horizon Thermodynamics in f(R,G)$f(R,\mathcal {G})$ Gravity
Authors: Bhatti M. Z. , Yousaf Z. , Rehman A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this manuscript, we evaluate the validity of the horizon first law in the framework of gravity. We propose that the energy and entropy of a black hole must be consistent with their relating integration values. The feasibility of the newly proposed horizon 1st law as a result of equations of motion in gravity, will have significant importance in our illustration. The derivation of black hole energies and entropies in the framework of specific models will be helpful in future research. We study that how the positivity of energy and entropy can impose additional restrictions on the domain of gravity. Moreover, we shall consider a flat FLRW model corresponding to theory and will derive the related Friedman equations. The Cai‐Kim technique will then be used to evaluate the expression for energy flux passing through the horizon in insignificantly small time. In addition, we use the Clausius relation related to the evident boundary as well as the Cai‐Kim technique and the relating Friedmann equations, to find the expression for horizon entropy.
Squared Torsion f(T,T)$f(T,\mathcal {T})$ Gravity and Its Cosmological Implications
Authors: Arora Simran , Bhat Aaqid , Sahoo P.K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe present the coupling of the torsion scalar T and the trace of energy‐momentum tensor , which produces new modified gravity. Moreover, we consider the functional form where α and β are free parameters. As an alternative to a cosmological constant, the theory may offer a theoretical explanation of the late‐time acceleration. The recent observational data to the considered model especially the bounds on model parameters is applied in detail. Furthermore, we analyze the cosmological behavior of the deceleration, effective equation of state and total equation of state parameters. However, it is seen that the deceleration parameter depicts the transition from deceleration to acceleration and the effective dark sector shows a quintessence‐like evolution.
Small intestinal obstruction associated with extruded intraluminal polydioxanone suture following enterectomy closure in a dog
Authors: de Jaureguizar Tesas Maria Rosa , Chantziaras Vassilis , Baines Stephen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA 2‐year‐old, neutered, female Yorkshire Terrier was presented for investigation of chronic vomiting and inappetence. A hand‐sewn end‐to‐end anastomosis using polydioxanone in a modified simple continuous pattern had been performed 8 weeks earlier for management of intestinal foreign body obstruction. Abdominal ultrasound showed an intestinal linear foreign body, and exploratory coeliotomy revealed focal jejunal plication aborad to the previous enterectomy site. An enterotomy revealed plant foreign material anchored to a strand of persistent polydioxanone suture material extruding into the jejunal lumen, and both were removed. The enterotomy was apposed with poliglecaprone 25 sutures in a simple continuous pattern. However, septic peritonitis developed 72 hours postoperatively. Slowly absorbable suture material can be associated with intestinal foreign body entrapment following intestinal anastomosis apposed with a simple continuous pattern. A shorter duration absorbable material or simple interrupted pattern may be considered for apposition of intestinal wound anastomosis to avoid this complication.
A hobgoblin of large minds: Troubles with consistency in belief
Authors: Sommer Joseph , Musolino Julien , Hemmer Pernille 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBeliefs are, in many ways, central to psychology and, in turn, consistency is central to belief. Theories in philosophy and psychology assume that beliefs must be consistent with each other for people to be rational. That people fail to hold fully consistent beliefs has, therefore, been the subject of much theorizing, with numerous mechanisms proposed to explain how inconsistency is possible. Despite the widespread assumption of consistency as a default, achieving a consistent set of beliefs is computationally intractable. We review research on consistency in philosophy and psychology and argue that it is consistency, not inconsistency, that requires explanation. We discuss evidence from the attitude, belief, and persuasion literatures, which suggests that accessibility of beliefs in memory is one possible mechanism for achieving a limited, but psychologically plausible, form of consistency. Finally, we conclude by suggesting future directions for research beginning from the assumption of inconsistency as the default.This article is categorized under:Psychology > Reasoning and Decision MakingPsychology > Theory and MethodsPhilosophy > Knowledge and Belief
The structure of $$\kappa $$-maximal cofinitary groups
Authors: Fischer Vera , Switzer Corey Bacal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study $$\kappa $$
κ
-maximal cofinitary groups for $$\kappa $$
κ
regular uncountable, $$\kappa = \kappa ^{<\kappa }$$

κ
=

κ

<
κ

. Revisiting earlier work of Kastermans and building upon a recently obtained higher analogue of Bell’s theorem, we show that:

Any $$\kappa $$
κ
-maximal cofinitary group has $${<}\kappa $$

<
κ

many orbits under the natural group action of $$S(\kappa )$$

S
(
κ
)

on $$\kappa $$
κ
.

If $$\mathfrak {p}(\kappa ) = 2^\kappa $$

p

(
κ
)

=

2
κ

then any partition of $$\kappa $$
κ
into less than $$\kappa $$
κ
many sets can be realized as the orbits of a $$\kappa $$
κ
-maximal cofinitary group.

For any regular $$\lambda > \kappa $$

λ
>
κ

it is consistent that there is a $$\kappa $$
κ
-maximal cofinitary group which is universal for groups of size $${<}2^\kappa = \lambda $$

<

2
κ

=
λ

. If we only require the group to be universal for groups of size $$\kappa $$
κ
then this follows from $$\mathfrak {p}(\kappa ) = 2^\kappa $$

p

(
κ
)

=

2
κ

.
The Complexity of Routing Problems in Forbidden-Transition Graphs and Edge-Colored Graphs
Authors: Bellitto Thomas , Li Shaohua , Okrasa Karolina , Pilipczuk Marcin , Sorge Manuel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe notion offorbidden-transition graphsallows for a robust generalization of walks in graphs. In a forbidden-transition graph, every pair of edges incident to a common vertex ispermittedorforbidden; a walk iscompatibleif all pairs of consecutive edges on the walk are permitted. Forbidden-transition graphs and related models have found applications in a variety of fields, such as routing in optical telecommunication networks, road networks, and bio-informatics. A widely-studied special case are edge-colored graphs, where a compatible walk is forbidden to take two edges of the same color in a row. We initiate the study of fundamental problems on finding paths, cycles and walks in forbidden-transition graphs from the point of view of parameterized complexity, including an in-depth study of tractability with regards to various graph-width parameters. Among several results, we prove that finding a simple compatible path between given endpoints in a forbidden-transition graph isW[1]-hard when parameterized by the vertex-deletion distance to a linear forest (so it is also hard when parameterized by pathwidth or treewidth). On the other hand, we show an algebraic trick that yields tractability when parameterized by treewidth for finding a compatible Hamiltonian cycle in the edge-colored graph setting.
Two distinct age groups of melilitites, foidites, and basanites from the southern Central European Volcanic Province reflect lithospheric heterogeneity
Authors: Binder Thomas , Marks Michael A. W. , Gerdes Axel , Walter Benjamin F. , Grimmer Jens , Beranoaguirre Aratz , Wenzel Thomas , Markl Gregor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPetrographic observations and in situ U–Pb ages of melilitites, foidites, basanites, phonolites, and trachytes from the southern part of the Central European Volcanic Province (CEVP) and related plutonic inclusions therein reveal two distinct age groups separated by a gap of ~ 20 Myr. A late Cretaceous to early Eocene group (~ 73–47 Ma; Taunus, Lower Main plain, Odenwald and Kraichgau area, Bonndorfer Graben and Freiburger Bucht area, Vosges and Pfälzerwald) is characterized by nephelinites and basanites mostly devoid of melilite and perovskite, and by rare haüynites, and trachytes. In contrast, a late Oligocene to late Miocene group (~ 27–9 Ma; Lorraine, southern Upper Rhine Graben, Urach, Hegau area) is dominated by melilitites, melilite-bearing nephelinites (both carrying perovskite), and phonolites. Both magmatic episodes are related to domal topographic uplift, erosion, and formation of major angular unconformities in the Upper Rhine Graben, suggesting an association with dynamic topography interrupted by phases of subsidence (or abatements of uplift). The investigated rocks in the southern CEVP (south of a line Eifel–Vogelsberg–Rhön–Heldburg), except for the Kaiserstuhl volcanic complex, mostly comprise small and isolated occurrences or monogenetic volcanic fields, whereas the northern CEVP is dominated by large volcanic complexes and dyke swarms, which are mostly SiO2-saturated to weakly SiO2-undersaturated. In the northern CEVP, evidence of spatially varying but recurrent volcanic activity exists since the Eocene, lacking the distinct 20 Myr gap as documented from the southern CEVP. While the temporal and spatial distribution of volcanism are a result of the Cretaceous to Miocene tectonic evolution in Central Europe, further studies are needed to explain the petrographic differences between the two age groups in the south.
Mixed-dimensional poromechanical models of fractured porous media
Authors: Boon W. M. , Nordbotten J. M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe combine classical continuum mechanics with the recently developed calculus for mixed-dimensional problems to obtain governing equations for flow in, and deformation of, fractured materials. We present models in both the context of finite and infinitesimal strain, and discuss nonlinear (and non-differentiable) constitutive laws such as friction models and contact mechanics in the fracture. Using the theory of well-posedness for evolutionary equations with maximal monotone operators, we show well-posedness of the model in the case of infinitesimal strain and under certain assumptions on the model parameters.
Evaluating the strength development of mortar using clinker fine aggregate with a combination of fly ash and its inhibitory effects on alkali–silica reaction and delayed ettringite formation
Authors: Miyamoto Shintaro , Naruse Daiki , Hayashi Kensuke , Minagawa Hiroshi , Hisada Makoto 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aggregate composed of cement clinker, an intermediate cement product, improves strength development and mass transfer resistance of concrete. Fly ash (FA) is a supplementary cementitious material that can be substituted by cement. This study investigated the strength development of highly FA-substituted mortar mixed with cement clinker fine aggregate (CL) and tested its inhibitory effect against the alkali–silica reaction (ASR). In addition to these, this study provides the testing results of evaluating the effects of using cement clinker fine aggregate on delayed ettringite formation (DEF), which can be problematic for precast concrete products. The study results revealed that at 91 days of age, in the case of 80% replacement ratio of fly ash to cement, using CL exhibited similar strength development as mortar with limestone fine aggregate and no FA substitution. Furthermore, mortars with 70% and 80% FA substitution did not exhibit clear ASR-induced expansion even at 182 days of age. Lastly, mortar using clinker fine aggregate could suppress DEF-induced expansion at 182 days of age, which was similar to the effect obtained using FA. These results can promote the utilization of CL resources for concrete and using clinker as fine aggregate in precast concrete products.
A European multinational cost-effectiveness analysis of empagliflozin in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Tafazzoli Ali , Reifsnider Odette S. , Bellanca Leana , Ishak Jack , Carrasco Marc , Rakonczai Pal , Stargardter Matthew , Linden Stephan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This research examined the cost-effectiveness of adding empagliflozin to standard of care (SoC) compared with SoC alone for treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) from the perspective of healthcare payers in the United Kingdom (UK), Spain and France.

Methods
A lifetime Markov cohort model was developed to simulate patients’ progression through health states based on Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score. The model predicted risk of death, hospitalisation for worsening heart failure (HHF), treatment-related adverse events, and treatment discontinuation each monthly cycle. Clinical inputs and utilities were derived from EMPEROR-Reduced trial data, supplemented by published literature and national costing databases. Costs (2021 pound sterling/euro) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were discounted annually for the UK (3.5%), Spain (3.0%) and France (2.5%).

Results
In the UK, Spain and France, empagliflozin plus SoC yielded additional QALYs (0.19, 0.23 and 0.21) at higher cost (£1185, €1770 and €1183 per patient) than SoC alone, yielding incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of £6152/QALY, €7736/QALY and €5511/QALY, respectively. Reduced HHF incidence provided most cost offsets for empagliflozin plus SoC. Similar results were obtained for a range of subgroups and sensitivity analyses. Probabilistic sensitivity results indicated empagliflozin plus SoC remained cost-effective vs. SoC at willingness-to-pay thresholds of £20,000/QALY, €20,000/QALY and €30,000/QALY in 79.6%, 75.5% and 97.3% of model runs for the UK, Spain and France, respectively.

Conclusions
Empagliflozin added to SoC leads to health benefits for patients with HFrEF and is a cost-effective treatment option for payers in multiple European countries (UK, Spain, France).