bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A naïve pooled data approach for extrapolation of Phase 0 microdose trials to therapeutic dosing regimens
Authors: van der Heijden Lisa , van Nuland Merel , Beijnen Jos , Huitema Alwin , Dorlo Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicrodosing is a strategy to obtain knowledge of human pharmacokinetics prior to Phase I clinical trials. The most frequently used method to extrapolate microdose (≤100 μg) pharmacokinetics to therapeutic doses is based on linear extrapolation from a noncompartmental analysis (NCA) with a two‐fold acceptance criterion between pharmacokinetic metrics of the extrapolated microdose and the therapeutic dose. The major disadvantage of NCA is the assumption of linear extrapolation of NCA metrics. In this study, we used a naïve pooled data (NPD) modeling approach to extrapolate microdose pharmacokinetics to therapeutic pharmacokinetics. Gemcitabine and anastrozole were used as examples of intravenous and oral drugs, respectively. Data from microdose studies were used to build a parent‐metabolite model for gemcitabine and its metabolite 2′,2′‐difluorodeoxyuridine (dFdU) and a model for anastrozole. The pharmacokinetic microdose models were extrapolated to therapeutic doses. Extrapolation of the microdose showed differences in pharmacokinetic shape for gemcitabine and dFdU between the simulated and observed therapeutic concentrations, whereas the observed therapeutic concentrations for anastrozole were captured by the extrapolation. This study demonstrated the possible use and feasibility of an NPD modeling approach for the evaluation and application of microdose studies in early drug development. Last, physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic modeling might be an alternative for microdose extrapolation of drugs with complex pharmacokinetics such as gemcitabine.
Fertility Preferences and Contraceptive Change in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries
Authors: Ibitoye Mobolaji , Casterline John B. , Zhang Chenyao 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe past four decades have witnessed an enormous increase in modern contraception in most low‐ and middle‐income countries. We examine the extent to which this change can be attributed to changes in fertility preferences versus fuller implementation of fertility preferences, a distinction at the heart of intense debates about the returns to investments in family planning services. We analyze national survey data from five major survey programs: World Fertility Surveys, Demographic Health Surveys, Reproductive Health Surveys, Pan‐Arab Project for Child Development or Family Health, and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. We perform regression decomposition of change between successive surveys in 59 countries (330 decompositions in total). Change in preferences accounts for little of the change: less than 10 percent in a basic decomposition and about 15 percent under a more elaborate specification. This is a powerful empirical refutation of the view that contraceptive change has been driven principally by reductions in demand for children. We show that this outcome is not surprising given that the distribution of women according to fertility preferences is surprisingly stable over time.
pp scattering at the LHC with the lepton pair production and one proton tagging
Authors: Godunov S. I. , Karkaryan E. K. , Novikov V. A. , Rozanov A. N. , Vysotsky M. I. , Zhemchugov E. V. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAnalytical formulas for the cross section of the reaction $$pp \rightarrow p + \ell ^+ \ell ^- + X$$

p
p
→
p
+

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

+
X

are presented. Fiducial cross sections are compared with those measured recently by the ATLAS collaboration.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae employs complex regulation strategies to tolerate low pH stress during ethanol production
Authors: Wu Yajing , Li Bo , Miao Bu , Xie Caiyun , Tang Yue-Qin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndustrial bioethanol production may involve a low pH environment caused by inorganic acids, improving the tolerance ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeto a low pH environment is of industrial importance to increase ethanol yield, control bacterial contamination, and reduce production cost. In our previous study, acid tolerance of a diploid industrialSaccharomyces cerevisiaestrain KF-7 was chronically acclimatized by continuous ethanol fermentation under gradually increasing low-pH stress conditions. Two haploid strains B3 and C3 having excellent low pH tolerance were derived through the sporulation of an isolated mutant. Diploid strain BC3 was obtained by mating these two haploids. In this study, B3, C3, BC3, and the original strain KF-7 were subjected to comparison transcriptome analysis to investigate the molecular mechanism of the enhanced phenotype.ResultThe comparison transcriptome analysis results suggested that the upregulated vitamin B1 and B6 biosynthesis contributed to the low pH tolerance. Amino acid metabolism, DNA repairment, and general stress response might also alleviate low pH stress.ConclusionSaccharomyces cerevisiaeseems to employ complex regulation strategies to tolerate low pH during ethanol production. The findings provide guides for the construction of low pH-tolerant industrial strains that can be used in industrial fermentation processes.
Does COVID-19 infection acquired in different pregnancy trimester influence placental pathology?
Authors: Dagelic Andrea , Stefanovic Vedran , Resic Karara Jasminka , Kuzmic Prusac Ivana , Roje Damir , Kosovic Indira , Zekic Tomas Sandra 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the morphological characteristics of the placentas from COVID-19 positive mothers in regard to the trimester of COVID-19 infection onset and low weight molecular heparin (LMWH) treatment.

Methods
Placentas were collected in the period April 1st till September 1st 2021 after delivery at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital Split, Croatia, and sent for pathological examination. Medical history and pathology reports were used to collect the data. Pregnant women were divided based on the onset of COVID-19 infection and stratified into low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)+ or LMWH−. Depending on the data distribution, the following test were used: chi-squared test. Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results
In 38% of patients the onset of COVID-19 infection was the 1st trimester of pregnancy, in 27% in the 2nd and 35% of women were infected in the 3rd trimester The fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) occurrence was statistically significantly higher in the LMWH− group and if the onset of infection was in the 2nd trimester, while the perivillous fibrin deposition was most likely to happen if the COVID-19 infection that occured in the 1st trimester of pregnancy.

Conclusions
The onset of COVID-19 infection has the influence on trophoblast damage and subsequent morphological appearance of the placenta. LMWH use in COVID positive pregnant women decreases the rate of the FVM in examined placentas.
UniRoVE: Unified Robot Virtual Environment Framework
Authors: Navarro Alberto Zafra , Pastor Jorge Guillen , Garcia Victor Igelmo , Zuñiga Enrique Ruiz , Gustavsson Patrik , Garcia-Rodriguez Jose 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Robotics applications are becoming nowadays increasingly important in people’s daily lives. However, the process of learning and training in robotics is not always easy. In fact, in most cases, proper training is linked to direct interaction with these devices. This is usually not possible for the vast majority of people, as they may not have access to a robot in their teaching/learning institutions or companies. Nevertheless, thanks to the emergence of different technologies such as Virtual Reality it is possible to do physical tasks in a virtual environment that were considered unimaginable just one decade before. Therefore, this project aims to make the most of both technologies, creating an alternative way of interacting with robots to understand their behaviour, while flattening the robotics learning curve. To this end, a framework that allows the simulation and control of various robots in Virtual Reality has been developed and qualitatively assessed with an user satisfaction study.
Performance analyses of Modified Indirect Solar Dryer with Integrated Thermal Storage Material for drying of Dhekia (Diplazium esculentum) fern
Authors: Saikia Deepanka , Nayak Prakash Kumar , Krishnan Kesavan Radha , Kondareddy Rajesh , Lakshmi Durga Venkata Naga 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This study focuses on the model and efficiency of a solar dryer for drying dhekia (Diplazium esculentum) that is integrated with a latent heat based thermal storage unit. The Modified Indirect thermal storage integrated solar dryer made up of a single pass solar collector is attached with the drying chamber of 16.5 kg capacity. Thermal energy storage system prepared with paraffin embedded inside the drying cabinet. In comparison to the traditional designed solar dryer, the proposed dryer has a thermal efficiency of 11 ± 0.2 percent higher and saves 40 ± 2.1 percent in drying time. Drying kinetic analysis of dhekia was performed and two new drying kinetic models were proposed to predict moisture ratio. From Statistical analysis it was found that the chi square vale and Root Mean Square Error value fits well for the proposed models. The anti-oxidant, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content values of samples dried in solar dryer exhibit better results compared to fresh, tray dried, and open sun-dried samples. The developed dryer shows better results in saving drying time, quality of the product. This dryer can be of great use to small-scale farmers due to its cost-effectiveness and long-term solution for drying fresh farm produce.
Soil aggregation and associated organic matter under management systems in sandy-textured soils, subtropical region of Brazil
Authors: Pinto Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues , Morais Igor de Sousa , Ozório Jefferson Matheus Barros , de Melo Thadeu Rodrigues , Rosset Jean Sérgio , Pereira Marcos Gervasio 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Increasing the diversity of plant species in agricultural production areas favors the maintenance or improvement of soil quality, particularly for soils with a sandy texture. This beneficial effect is related to the formation of aggregates of different origins. This study aimed to i) verify whether soil use and management affect the proportion of biogenic (Bio) and physicogenic (Phy) aggregates, and ii) verify whether biogenic aggregation is more likely to lead to soil improvement than physicogenic aggregation. Three management systems were evaluated (permanent pasture, PP; no-tillage system, NT; and no-tillage + Brachiaria system, NT + B) as well as a reference area (Atlantic Forest biome vegetation, NF). According to their origin or formation pathway, the aggregates were separated, identified, and classified as Bio (formed by biological processes) and Phy (resulting from chemical and physical actions). Only the PP area promoted greater aggregate formation through Bio. The PP area also increased the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the aggregates and affected the isotopic signal of δ13C. The NT + B system provided an increase in the TOC content of its aggregates in comparison with aggregates in the NT and NF areas. Among the formation pathways, the Bio aggregates had the highest TOC and SOM fractions contents and the most negative δ13C values. The higher amounts of plant residues in the soil was more important than the diversity of species in favoring the formation of Bio aggregates. The beneficial effect of Brachiaria can also be observed when adopted in consortium with corn in grain production systems.
Challenges of Clinical Education in a Baccalaureate Nursing Program: Student Perspectives
Authors: Al Dweik Ghadeer , Khalil Heba , Atout Maha , Al Zaghmouri Abeer , AbuRuz Mohannad 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
Clinical education is an essential element in a baccalaureate nursing program, providing nursing students with the required knowledge, skills, abilities, and attitudes required to deliver professional nursing care after graduation.

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges associated with clinical instruction from nursing student perspective.

Methods:
A cross-sectional design was used to identify the challenges associated with clinical instruction from nursing student perspective. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 187 nursing students from three different Universities in Jordan [one governmental and two private].

Results:
The major challenges to clinical education were: fear of committing mistakes; lack of facilities for students; lack of knowledge among community and patients about the nursing profession; fear of infection; lack of availability of equipment in the clinical setting; student lack of preparedness and skill in planning care; and lack of collaboration from clinical staff.

Conclusion:
Understanding the identified challenges is necessary to formulate strategies to address them, to improve curriculum designed and clinical education for nursing students accordingly.
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacotherapies for postpartum depression: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Qing , Dai Xiaoli , Li Wei 
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of pharmacotherapies for postpartum depression (PPD).Method: We performed a computerized search of MEDLINE (Ovid and PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) before 31 March 2022. We calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs) for continuous outcomes and odds ratios (ORs) for dichotomous outcomes with the random-effects model. The tolerability of antidepressants in terms of early dropouts was investigated. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was used for ranking the outcomes. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool.Results: A total of 11 studies with 944 participants were included in this network meta-analysis, involving nine antidepressants. With respect to efficacy, only estradiol and brexanolone were significantly more effective than the placebo (p &lt; 0.05), and the calculated SUCRA indicated that estradiol (94.3%) had the highest probability ranking first for reducing the PPD, followed by paroxetine (64.3%) and zuranolone (58.8%). Regarding tolerability, a greater percentage of patients treated with brexanolone experienced early dropout as compared to those treated with most other antidepressants.Conclusion: Only estradiol and brexanolone showed significantly higher efficacy than the placebo. According to the SUCRA ranking, estradiol, paroxetine, and zuranolone were the three best antidepressants. Concerning acceptability in terms of early dropouts, brexanolone was less well-tolerated than other antidepressants.
The Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes in Neonates Infected with COVID-19 in the West of Iran
Authors: Eghbalian Fatemeh , Jenabi Ensiyeh , Bashirian Saeid , Khazaei Salman , Shokouhi Maryam , Basiri Behnaz , Sabzehei Mohammad K , Sheikhahmadi Shobo , Babaei Homa , Vakiliamini Mazyar , Jafari Nahid , Jafari Maryam 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:
So far, no study has been conducted in Iran on the effect of COVID-19 on neonates. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study has been evaluated to determine the clinical manifestations and outcomes in neonates infected with COVID-19 in the west of Iran.

Materials and Methods:
The present cross-sectional study was conducted among neonates infected with COVID-19 in six provinces of Hamadan, Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Ilam, Zanjan and Lorestan, located in the west of Iran, from 1 March to 1 July 2020. In these neonates, the polymerase chain reaction test was positive. The data were collected by a checklist and were analysed using SPSS Statistics Software.

Result:
During the study period, 16 neonates infected with COVID-19 were identified including Kurdistan Province with five cases, Hamadan Province four cases, Kermanshah with three cases, and Lorestan and Zanjan provinces with two cases. Neonate gender of them had equal distribution. Two (15.38%) of them needed CPR after delivery. The delivery method for 9 (56.25%) was vaginal, and one of them died during the study period. The medical care used for these neonates was as follows: 87.5% were hospitalized in the intensive care unit and antibiotics were used for 68.75%. 12.5% underwent COVID-19-specific treatment, and for 25%, a ventilator was used. The laboratory findings in neonates infected with COVID-19 showed that in 18.75%, blood urea nitrogen has increased. 46.15% of neonates reported lymphocytopenia. The blood haematocrit and haemoglobin decreased by 31.35% and 56.25%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The coronavirus disease 2019 has occurred among neonates, but they seemed to have a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. Findings showed that there is a possibility of vertical intrauterine transmission from pregnant mothers to newborns.
Cyclosporiasis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients – A Twelve years experience from a tertiary care centre in Northern India
Authors: Ghoshal Ujjala , Siddiqui Tasneem , Tejan Nidhi , Verma Sheetal , Pandey Ankita , Ghoshal Uday C 
Published: November 2022

Context:
Cyclosporiasis is an emerging enteric coccidian parasitic disease worldwide, caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis. There is scanty data from India, especially among immunocompetent patients.

Aims:
The aim is to evaluate the occurrence of Cyclosporiasis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.

Settings and Design:
It is a prospective cohort study conducted from June 2006 to May 2018 at our tertiary care center.

Materials and Methods:
Stool samples were collected from the 900 patients with diarrhea (both immunocompetent and immunocompromised) and 170 healthy controls to look for Cyclospora by modified Kinyoun staining.

Statistical Analysis:
Mann–Whitney U test/Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Oocysts of C. cayetanensis were detected in 10/900 patients and none of the healthy controls. The median age of patients was 38.5 years (10-65 years) and males (6/10) outnumbered the females in harboring the parasite. Eight patients were immunocompromised (five postrenal transplant cases and one-one patient each with HIV, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and juvenile polyarthritis), and two patients were immunocompetent. Cyclospora infection was more common in immunocompromised patients (8/300, 2.67%) than the immunocompetent patients (2/600, 0.33%); P < 0.001. Eight patients responded well to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, one died, and one was lost to follow-up. Coinfection with Cryptosporidium spp. was seen in one patient.

Conclusion:

Cyclospora causes diarrhea in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons. Its burden may be underestimated due to a lack of awareness and appropriate diagnostic methods. Special staining techniques are important for diagnosis as they may be missed by routine microscopy.
Evaluation of microscopy and PCR for detection of Dientamoeba fragilis
Authors: Tolba Mona Mohamed , Allam Amal Farahat , Khalil Safia Saleh , Elshouki Wagdy Makram , Shehab Amel Youssef 
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

Dientamoeba fragilis (D. fragilis) diagnosis is an intestinal protozoan parasite globally found in rural and urban areas and is attracting a growing interest. Its prevalence in stool varies from 0.2% to more than 19% depending upon the population studied.

Materials and Methods:
This study was based on the examination of 100 stool samples of randomly referred cases in a rural area in Motobus district, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt. Our aim was to investigate the presence of D. fragilis in stool of the examined individuals using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) compared to wet mount and trichrome stain with confirmation of infection by transmission electron microscopy.

Results:

D. fragilis was detected in 13/100 of the stool samples examined using wet mount smears, while trichrome stain detected 17/100. Conventional PCR diagnosed 41 cases of D. fragilis in the studied group. A very good agreement was found between wet mount and trichrome stain for diagnosing D. fragilis, while there was fair agreement between conventional PCR and both microscopy methods. Transmission electron microscope was performed on pooled positive samples that revealed the internal structures of D. fragilis trophozoite with its characteristic nucleus.

Conclusions:
PCR technique was superior to microscopy for the detection of D. fragilis. Trichrome stain remains vital for microscopic diagnosis.
Sonographic appearance of uterine scar dehiscence
Authors: Bromley B. , Pitcher B.L. , Klapholz H. , Lichter E. , Benacerraf B.R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe describe the sonographic appearance of two cases of uterine scar separation in patients with prior cesarean deliveries. In the first case, the anteriorly located placenta appeared to be a placenta previa with accreta and in the second case the placenta was also located directly beneath the uterine scar thus masking a separation until the third stage of labor was complete. These two cases demonstrate an unusual sonographic and clinical presentation of uterine scar separation involving anteriorly located placentas.
Low‐dose (1 μg) adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) stimulation as a screening test for impaired hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis function: sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in comparison with the high‐dose (250 μg) test
Authors: Tordjman Karen , Jaffe Anat , Trostanetsky Yana , Greenman Yona , Limor Rona , Stern Naftali 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVEWe have shown previously that in contrast to the standard high‐dose 250‐μg ACTH test, a low‐dose 1‐μg ACTH stimulation test correctly identified all patients with pituitary disease who had impaired hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) function. In this study we further compared the performances of these two tests as screening procedures for possible HPA impairment.DESIGNA comparison of the 1‐μg and the 250‐μg ACTH stimulation tests in healthy controls and in patients with pituitary disease whose HPA axis status was characterized formally by a gold standard test.SUBJECTSA total of 89 subjects were investigated: 27 healthy normal controls, 43 patients with pituitary disease and normal HPA function, and 19 patients with various pituitary diseases and impaired HPA function.MEASURESAll 89 subjects underwent stimulation with 1 μg ACTH; 80 also underwent the high‐dose 250‐μg ACTH test. A receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) was performed to compare the tests.RESULTSUsing a stimulated cortisol > 500 nmol/l as the criterion for a normal response, the 1‐μg ACTH stimulation identified 18 of the 19 subjects with impaired HPA function (94.7% sensitivity with a likelihood ratio of 0.0588 for a negative test). In contrast, 15/16 passed the high‐dose test (a 6.2% sensitivity with a likelihood ratio of 0.875 for a negative test). All normal controls, and 36/43 patients with preserved HPA function, passed the 1‐μg ACTH test (90% specificity). This degree of accuracy was unrivalled by the high dose test at all the cut‐off levels considered.CONCLUSIONSMore sensitive and accurate, the low‐dose 1‐μg ACTH test is as simple and safe as the standard 250‐μg test. We suggest it should replace it in screening for adrenal insufficiency.