bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features and prognostic analysis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children
Authors: Deng Ting , Zhang Xinyu , Peng Xiaoling , Peng Hailun , He Ling , Hu Yue 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to investigate the clinical features and prognosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in children.MethodsClinical data of children with PRES diagnosed at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2015 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe study enrolled 47 patients with a mean age at diagnosis of 8.79 ± 3.72 years (range, 2–15 years). PRES causes included renal disorder (29/47), hematological disease (13/47), and hypertension (5/47). PRES manifested as seizure (43/47), headache (28/47), visual impairment (18/47), dizziness (18/47), vomiting (18/47), and mental and behavioral abnormalities (17/47). Forty‐six children had hypertension (46/47) at PRES onset. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mainly involved the parietal and occipital lobes (42/47), 38 cases were mild (38/47), seven were moderate (7/47), and two were severe (2/47). The clinical symptoms of 41 patients (41/47) were relieved within 1–2 weeks. Thirty‐seven children were followed up for 7–54 months (modified Rankin Scale). Twenty‐five children had favorable outcomes (25/37). Twelve children had adverse outcomes (12/37), including epilepsy, disorders of consciousness, visual impairment, and mental decline. Analysis of single factors revealed that severity on MRI, length of in‐hospital stay, and mental and behavioral abnormalities were related to adverse outcomes after PRES. Analysis of multiple factors revealed that severity on MRI and length of in‐hospital stay were independent risk factors for PRES.ConclusionPediatric PRES is a clinical radiographic syndrome with multiple etiologies. Most patients have a good prognosis. Severity on MRI and length of in‐hospital stay are independent risk factors.
Detection and identification of coronaviruses in human tissues using electron microscopy
Authors: Bullock Hannah A. , Goldsmith Cynthia S. , Miller Sara E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe identification of viral particles within a tissue specimen requires specific knowledge of viral ultrastructure and replication, as well as a thorough familiarity with normal subcellular organelles. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic has underscored how challenging the task of identifying coronavirus by electron microscopy (EM) can be. Numerous articles have been published mischaracterizing common subcellular structures, including clathrin‐ or coatomer‐ coated vesicles, multivesicular bodies, and rough endoplasmic reticulum, as coronavirus particles in SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patient tissue specimens. To counter these misinterpretations, we describe the morphological features of coronaviruses that should be used to differentiate coronavirus particles from subcellular structures. Further, as many of the misidentifications of coronavirus particles have stemmed from attempts to attribute tissue damage to direct infection by SARS‐CoV‐2, we review articles describing ultrastructural changes observed in specimens from SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected individuals that do not necessarily provide EM evidence of direct viral infection. Ultrastructural changes have been observed in respiratory, cardiac, kidney, and intestinal tissues, highlighting the widespread effects that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may have on the body, whether through direct viral infection or mediated by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐induced inflammatory and immune processes.HighlightsThe identification of coronavirus particles in SARS‐CoV‐2 positive tissues continues to be a challenging task. This review provides examples of coronavirus ultrastructure to aid in the differentiation of the virus from common cellular structures.
P‐FLUX: A phosphorus budget dataset spanning diverse agricultural production systems in the United States and Canada
Authors: Williams M. R. , Welikhe P. , Bos J. , King K. , Akland M. , Augustine D. , Baffaut C. , Beck E.G. , Bierer A. , Bosch D.D. , Boughton E. , Brandani C. , Brooks E. , Buda A. , Cavigelli M. , Faulkner J. , Feyereisen G. , Fortuna A. , Gamble J. , Hanrahan B. , Hussain M. , Kohmann M. , Kovar J. , Lee B. , Leytem A. , Liebig M. , Line D. , Macrae M. , Moorman T. , Moriasi D. , Nelson N. , Ortega‐Pieck A. , Osmond D. , Pisani O. , Ragosta J. , Reba M. , Saha A. , Sanchez J. , Silveira M. , Smith D. , Spiegal S. , Swain H. , Unrine J. , Webb P. , White K. , Wilson H. , Yasarer L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractQuantifying spatial and temporal fluxes of phosphorus (P) within and among agricultural production systems is critical for sustaining agricultural production while minimizing environmental impacts. To better understand P fluxes in agricultural landscapes, P‐FLUX, a detailed and harmonized dataset of P inputs, outputs, and budgets, as well as estimated uncertainties for each P flux and budget, was developed. Data were collected from 24 research sites and 61 production systems through the Long‐term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network and partner organizations spanning 22 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces. The objectives of this paper are to (a) present and provide a description of the P‐FLUX dataset, (b) provide summary analyses of the agricultural production systems included in the dataset and the variability in P inputs and outputs across systems, and (c) provide details for accessing the dataset, dataset limitations, and an example of future use. P‐FLUX includes information on select site characteristics (area, soil series), crop rotation, P inputs (P application rate, source, timing, placement, P in irrigation water, atmospheric deposition), P outputs (crop removal, hydrologic losses), P budgets (agronomic budget, overall budget), uncertainties associated with each flux and budget, and data sources. Phosphorus fluxes and budgets vary across agricultural production systems and are useful resources to improve P use efficiency and develop management strategies to mitigate environmental impacts of agricultural systems. P‐FLUX is available for download through the USDA Ag Data Commons (https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1523365).
Method development and validation for analysis of phenylalanine, 4‐hydroxyphenyllactic acid and 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid in serum and urine
Authors: Hughes Andrew T. , Milan Anna M. , Shweihdi Ella , Gallagher James , Ranganath Lakshminarayan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAlkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare debilitating autosomal recessive disorder of tyrosine (TYR) metabolism which results in a deficiency of the enzyme homogentisate 1,2‐dioxygenase activity. Several studies have reported the metabolic changes in homogentisic acid (HGA) concentrations and subsequent deposition of an ochronotic pigment in connective tissues, especially cartilage. Treatment with nitisinone (NTBC) reduces urinary and circulating HGA, but its mode of action results in hypertyrosinaemia. The effect of NTBC on other metabolites in the TYR pathway has not been reported. Modification of the current reverse phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods for serum and urine to include phenylalanine (PHE), hydroxyphenyllactate (HPLA) and hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPPA) has been validated. HPPA and HPLA (negative ionisation) eluted at 2.8 and 2.9 min respectively on an Atlantis C18 column with PHE (positive ionisation) eluting earlier at 2.4 min. Intra‐ and inter‐assay accuracy was between 96.3% and 100.3% for PHE; 96.6% and 110.5% for HPLA and 95.0% and 107.8% for HPPA in both urine and serum. Precision, both inter‐ and intra‐assay, was <10% for all analytes in both serum and urine. No significant issues with carry‐over, stability or matrix interferences were seen in either the urine or serum assays. Measurement of serum and urine from AKU patients has demonstrated a robust, fully validated assay, appropriate for monitoring of patients with AKU and for demonstrating metabolite changes, following NTBC therapy.
Iliocapsularis: An exploration of the muscle and its omission in education
Authors: Breckling Abbey C. M. , Katrikh Aaron Z. , Jones Michael W. , Ferrigno Christopher 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnterior hip joint musculature is classically characterized to include iliacus, psoas major, rectus femoris, and sartorius muscles. A lesser‐known muscle, iliocapsularis muscle (ICm), has made infrequent appearances in the literature for the last ~70 years, but potentially has important functional and clinical value. The purpose of this study is to review the historical prevalence of the ICm in peer‐reviewed literature (PRL), further explore the prevalence of the muscle in current anatomical textbooks (ATBs), characterize the muscle with a new series of dissections, assess the muscle's perceived importance to clinicians and educators, and comment on the possible functional significance of the muscle. The ICm was mentioned in 28 peer‐reviewed articles and the muscle was present in 518 of 521 (99%) dissected hips in 13 publications which assessed prevalence. In an audit of 30 recently published ATBs, three texts mentioned the ICm. In 28 anterior hip dissections performed in the current study, the muscle was present in all hips. Anatomy educators were surveyed to determine if the ICm was presently taught in their curricula, and clinicians of various specialties were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the ICm and its clinical relevance. The ICm inclusivity within anatomical curricula from educators reported 8.5%, while 4% of clinicians reported trainees should have an educational background of the ICm. This study confirms that while the ICm is present within PRL, and is ubiquitous amongst human‐donor dissection, the ICm is not mentioned in most ATBs and is absent in the vast majority of anatomical curricula. Lack of inclusion in curricula may lead to a perceived insignificance to currently practicing clinicians despite the potential functional importance at the hip. This discordance suggests that the ICm should be included in ATBs and anatomical curricula so that future clinicians can consider the ICm when evaluating and treating patients.
Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of the olfactory organ cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi (Characiformes: Characidae)
Authors: Rincón‐Camacho Laura , Jungblut Lucas D. , Pandolfi Matías , Pozzi Andrea G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe cardinal tetra Paracheirodon axelrodi belongs to the family Characidae, an economically important and morphologically diverse family of fishes. Information on the olfactory system of this species is scattered and scarce. Among teleost fishes, differences exist in the shape, number, and arrangement of the olfactory lamellae, in the distribution of the sensory and nonsensory epithelium, as well as in the abundance of various receptor cell types. Here, an anatomical and morphological description of the olfactory system was carried out using light microscopic histology, immunohistochemistry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. P. axelrodi is a ditremous and isosmat species. It has an arrow‐shaped olfactory rosette arrangement. The olfactory epithelium is covering the 12–14 lamellae of the olfactory rosette and, using scanning electron microscopy, we observed that the apical surface of the olfactory epithelium carries a dense layer of mucus. Based on the histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural descriptions, all characteristic sensory and nonsensory cell types of the olfactory epithelium of teleost fish were identified. Three types of olfactory receptor neurons were identified: ciliated, microvilli, and crypt cells. The distribution of sensory and nonsensory cell types is like that described in Aphyocharax anisitsi, another species of the Characidae family. A. anisitsi inhabits slow‐flowing water bodies with high‐density vegetation such as P. axelrodi.
Being away from home for cancer treatment: a qualitative study of patient experience and supportive care needs during radiation therapy
Authors: Knibbs Vanessa , Manley Stephen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionSupportive care needs (SCN) refer to support required by patients and their families to better cope with cancer. Many rural radiation therapy (RT) patients stay away from home for significant periods, which can lead to the negative effects of both social isolation and cultural disparity. They may demonstrate complex SCN. This study aimed to explore experiences of being away from home by considering patient perspectives of their own SCN. The objectives were to provide a deeper understanding of how these patients think and feel and present a foundation of patient‐centred insights for further research.MethodsThirteen patients participated in semi‐structured interviews; all stayed away from home for RT at the North Coast Cancer Institute for >3 days a week for >3 weeks. The data were subject to interpretive phenomenological analysis: a thorough process of understanding and analysis that is accompanied by reflection to improve researcher transparency.ResultsTwo themes influenced patient experiences of their care: values and identity, and expectations. Patients discussed the value they place on rural life, community connections and health care and referred to information for managing expectations. SCN discussed fell into practical, physical and psycho‐social needs.ConclusionsExperiences of culturally appropriate patient‐centred supportive care improve control and confidence. Patient well‐being is influenced by compassionate, caring and respectful connections with others. Several practical ways of managing expectations and promoting the psycho‐social well‐being of patients are discussed, for example, tailored packing lists and easy access to green spaces. Future research can be shaped by lived experiences.
Experimental techniques and terminology in gas‐phase ion spectroscopy
Authors: Pereverzev Aleksandr , Roithová Jana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis perspective gives an overview of the action spectroscopy methods for measurements of electronic, vibrational, and rotational spectra of mass‐selected ions in the gas phase. We classify and give a short overview of the existing experimental approaches in this field. There is currently a plethora of names used for, essentially, the same techniques. Hence within this overview, we scrutinized the notations and suggested terms to be generally used. The selection was either driven by making the name unique and straightforward or the term being the most broadly used one. We believe that a simplification and a unification of the notation in ion spectroscopy can make this field better accessible for experts outside the mass spectrometry community where the applications of gas‐phase action ion spectroscopy can make a large impact.
Space use and site fidelity of wintering whooping cranes on the Texas Gulf Coast
Authors: Butler Matthew J. , Stewart David R. , Harris Grant M. , Bidwell Mark T. , Pearse Aaron T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Aransas‐Wood Buffalo population (the only non‐reintroduced, migratory population) of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) overwinters along the Texas Gulf Coast, USA. Understanding whooping crane space use on the wintering grounds reveals essential aspects of this species' ecology, which subsequently assists with conservation. Using global positioning system telemetry data from marked whooping cranes during 2009–2017, we fit continuous‐time stochastic process models to describe movement and home range using autocorrelated kernel density estimation (AKDE) and explored variation in home range size in relation to age, sex, reproductive status, and drought conditions. We used the Bhattacharyya coefficient of overlap and distance between home range centroids to quantify site fidelity. We examined the effects of time between winter home ranges and the sex of the crane on site fidelity using Bayesian mixed‐effects beta regression. Winter whooping crane 95% AKDE home range size averaged 30.1 ± 45.2 (SD) km2 (median = 14.3, range = 1.1–308.6). Home ranges of sub‐adult females were approximately 2 times larger than those of sub‐adult males or families. As drought worsened, home ranges typically expanded. Between consecutive years, the home ranges of an adult crane exhibited 68 ± 31% overlap (site fidelity), but fidelity to winter sites declined in subsequent winters. The overlap of adult home ranges with the nearest unrelated family averaged 33 ± 28%. As a whooping crane aged, overlap with its winter home range as a juvenile declined, regardless of sex. By 4 years of age, a whooping crane had approximately 14 ± 28% overlap with its juvenile winter home range. Limited evidence suggested male whooping cranes return to within 2 km of their juvenile home range by their fifth winter. Previous data obtained from aerial surveys led ecologists to assume that whooping crane families normally used small areas (~2 km2) and expressed persistent site fidelity. Our analyses showed <8% of families had home ranges ≤2 km2, with the average area 15 times greater, and waning site fidelity over time. Our work represents an analysis of whooping crane home ranges for this population, identifying past misconceptions of winter space use and resulting in better estimates of space requirements for future conservation efforts.
Effects of water cooling on laser‐induced thermal damage in rat hepatectomy
Authors: Shan Liyu , Wang Rongfeng , Wang Yue , Chen Huan , Wei Shasha , Dong Dinghui , Lv Yi , Ma Tao 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeHigh‐powered lasers are commonly used for tissue resection in surgeries, including liver resection, medically known as hepatectomy; however, such lasers inevitably induce thermal damage that causes postoperative complications. This study aims to explore the effects of water cooling and different laser output modes on laser‐induced thermal damage during hepatectomy.MethodsTo avoid the influence of superposition, a 980‐nm diode laser was used for a single‐point hepatectomy. Eighteen Sprague–Dawley rats were used to explore the effects of water cooling and different laser output modes. A constant energy 10‐J laser was used to cut the liver tissue with a power of 10 W and time of 1 second. The rats were randomly divided into six groups. The first three groups were assigned as test subjects for different laser output modes. Group 1 was operated with a continuous laser output for a duration of 1 second. Groups 2 and 3 were operated with a pulsed laser output for a duration of 1 second and a pulse width of 0.5 and 0.25 seconds, respectively. Groups 4, 5, and 6 were assigned for the water cooling test. Water cooling was performed based on the parameters of the first three groups. Medical saline (0.9% NaCl) was used for water cooling. The main observation indicators were resection efficiency and thermal damage, including the area of the thermal damage zone. Resection efficiency is calculated by dividing the resection area by the total thermal damage area.ResultsIn the three water cooling groups, the area of the resection, carbonized, sub‐boiling coagulated, and total thermal damage zones were 0.0677, 0.00, 1.7293, and 2.2982 mm2 in Group 4; 0.0465, 0.00, 1.3205, and 1.8414 mm2 in Group 5; and 0.0565, 0.00, 1.4301, and 1.9650 mm2 in Group 6, respectively. Compared with the first three groups, the water cooling groups exhibited significantly reduced thermal damage areas of in the carbonized, sub‐boiling coagulated, and total thermal damage zones (p < 0.001 for all). In addition, there was no statistical difference in the resection area, vacuolated area, and resection efficiency. Furthermore, there was no statistical difference in the area of each thermal damage zone between the continuous and pulsed output groups. The resection efficiencies were 4.82%, 3.34%, 3.73%, 3.93%, 3.36%, and 3.01% in Groups 1 to 6, respectively. Moreover, there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) in the resection efficiencies.ConclusionWater cooling can reduce the total laser‐induced thermal damage area and prevent tissue carbonization. Therefore, this cooling method can be used as a simple and safe strategy for controlling thermal damage during hepatectomy.
Preparation of MPASP‐PAA/Fe3+ Composite Conductive Hydrogel with Physical and Chemical Double Crosslinking Structure and Its Application in Flexible Strain Sensors
Authors: Liu Yun , Liu Yongmei , Yang Zhiyun , Chen Xiaoling , Zhao Yansheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConductive hydrogels show broad prospects in wearable electronic devices. However, the conductive hydrogel cross‐linked only by chemical bonds has the shortcomings of being hard and brittle, easy to break under pressure. In order to solve these problems, the MPASP‐PAA/Fe3+ composite conductive hydrogel is prepared by the method of physical and chemical double crosslinking using modified polyaspartic acid (MPASP) as the chemical crosslinking agent and FeCl3 as the physical crosslinking agent. Compared with traditional chemical crosslinking agents such as N′N‐methylene bisacrylamide, the MPASP can not only increase mechanical properties of the conductive hydrogel, but also improve the biodegradability and biocompatibility. At the same time, FeCl3 as a physical crosslinking agent can also enhance the conductivity and toughness of the conductive hydrogel. When MPASP and Fe3+ content are 2.5 wt% and 0.75 mol%, respectively, the MPASP‐PAA/Fe3+ composite conductive hydrogel exhibits high conductivity (0.12 S m−1), sensitivity (4.93), and stretchability (329%). In addition, its compressive strength is as high as 1081.39 KPa. The flexible strain sensor assembled by the MPASP‐PAA/Fe3+ composite conductive hydrogel can not only monitor human joint movements such as elbow and wrist bending, but also detect subtle vibrations such as vocalization and swallowing.
Self‐Assembled Nanovehicle for Intracellular Enzyme‐Triggered Antitumor Drug Release
Authors: Zhang Jin , Chen Siling , Teng Jinkui , Li Bilian , Wang Lingli , Yang Jianmei , Zhao Yan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnzyme‐responsive and biocompatible supramolecular nanocarriers (NCs) have attracted intensive attention in the field of biomaterials, and have found many feasible applications, particularly for controlling drug‐release at specific anchor sites where the enzyme is overexpressed. However, the introduction of specific enzyme‐responsive sites in drug nanocarriers that can be enzymatically triggered to release drugs within tumor cells remains a challenge. In this manuscript, an enzyme‐responsive supramolecular nanoparticle, (SBE)7m‐β‐CD ⊃ PS NPs is successfully prepared, based on inducing aggregation of negatively charged cyclodextrin toward positively charged protein. The obtained nanoparticles showed trypsin‐trigger disassemble behavior that is considered as drug vehicles to load antitumor drug celastrol (CSL). Furthermore, CSL‐loaded NPs exhibit controlled release behavior of CSL in response to trypsin (TPS) stimulation. Notably, cell biology experiments reveal that loading CSL by (SBE)7m‐β‐CD ⊃ PS NPs not only reduces cytotoxicity for normal cells but also presents a similar therapeutic effect of free CSL for five tumor cells. The obtained nanoparticle appears to hold practical potential for the controllable release of CSL in tumor cells.