bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcopenic osteoporosis, sarcopenic obesity, and sarcopenic osteoporotic obesity in the Camargo cohort (Cantabria, Spain)
Authors: Hernández-Martínez Paula , Olmos José M. , Llorca Javier , Hernández José L. , González-Macías Jesús 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Summary

The associations of sarcopenia with osteoporosis or obesity have a very low prevalence. No trend towards an association between osteoporosis and sarcopenia is observed. Sarcopenia and obesity tend not to coincide, as if they were antagonistic disorders.

Purpose
To know (a) the prevalence in our region of sarcopenic osteoporosis (association of sarcopenia and osteoporosis (T-score < − 2.5)), sarcopenic obesity, and the association of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity; (b) the tendency of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity to associate with each other; and (c) the bone mineral density (BMD), the components of sarcopenia, and the prevalence of fragility fractures in these associations.

Methods
The study was performed in the Camargo cohort. Osteoporosis was diagnosed by DXA, sarcopenia by the EWGSOP-1 criteria, and obesity by body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage. Fractures were verified radiographically or by consulting the medical records.

Results
The prevalence of sarcopenic osteoporosis was 2.8% and the OR for this association 1.03 (p = 0.89). The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity by BMI was 1.4% and by fat percentage 5.9% (corresponding ORs: 0.18 (p < 0.0001) and 0.58 (p < 0.003) respectively). The prevalence of the association of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity was 0.0% when assessed by BMI and 0.8% when assessed by fat percentage. Patients with sarcopenic osteoporosis have less muscle mass and more fragility fractures than sarcopenic patients overall. In patients with sarcopenic obesity by fat percentage, muscle mass and strength, as well as physical performance, were similar to those of sarcopenic patients overall. Neither BMD nor fracture prevalence showed differences between patients with sarcopenic obesity and patients with sarcopenia or obesity in general.

Conclusion
Our study supports the idea that the prevalence of the mixed disorders studied is low. No significant association between osteoporosis and sarcopenia was found. Sarcopenia and obesity seem to tend to occur in different people, as if suffering from one of them hinders suffering from the other.
„Auf den Krieg vorbereiten, wenn du Frieden willst“ – eine Analyse des polizeilichen Gefahrennarrativs
Authors: Staller Mario S. , Koerner Swen 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungEs ist intuitiv und wissenschaftlich unstrittig, dass der Polizeiberuf ein inhärentes Gewaltrisiko birgt. Wissenschaftlich unhaltbar hingegen ist, dass das Gewaltrisiko von Polizist*innen in Deutschland allgegenwärtig und in den letzten Jahren dramatisch angestiegen sei. In dieser Sicht überlagert die landläufige Intuition verfügbare Evidenzen. Der folgende Beitrag setzt hier an. In ihm richten wir den Blick in das Innere der Polizei und identifizieren hier exakt jenes Narrativ, dass von einer schwelenden Gewaltgefahr kündet. Wie wir zeigen, hat die Erzählung System: Das polizeiliche Gefahrennarrativ zeigt sich in Metaphern wie dem Füllgrabe-„Gefahrenradar“, in Einzelfallschilderungen, verkürzten Darstellungen von Statistiken oder dem selektiven Umgang mit externen wissenschaftlichen Daten. Aggregiert zu einem in sich kohärenten Weltbild, präsentiert sich das Narrativ im Einsatztraining, in Fachbeiträgen und Lehrbüchern sowie in wichtigen Interessenvertretungen der deutschen Polizei und stabilisiert sich so in einem Prozess wechselseitiger Verweise. Dabei zeigt sich das polizeiliche Gefahrennarrativ bislang nicht nur kaum beeindruckt von gegenläufigen Befunden.
Examining the Use of HIV Self-Testing to Support PrEP Delivery: a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kiptinness Catherine , Kuo Alexandra P. , Reedy Adriana M. , Johnson Cheryl C. , Ngure Kenneth , Wagner Anjuli D. , Ortblad Katrina F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewHIV self-testing (HIVST) has the potential to expand access to and uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery. We conducted a systematic literature review to understand the evidence on HIVST use for PrEP delivery.Recent FindingsAfter screening 1055 records, we included eight: three randomized trials and five values and preferences studies. None measured PrEP initiation. Most studies occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa (7/8) and included different populations. One trial found that HIVST use between quarterly clinic visits as part of an adherence package with biofeedback slightly increased adherence; the other two trials found that HIVST use between or in lieu of quarterly clinic visits had no significant or non-inferior effects on adherence. HIVST to support PrEP delivery was acceptable, feasible, and preferred.SummaryHIVST use for PrEP continuation largely resulted in similar outcomes to standard-of-care delivery and was perceived acceptable and feasible. Further research is needed to optimize HIVST use within PrEP programming.
Association between new onset type 1 diabetes and real-world antibiotics and neonicotinoids’ exposure-related gut microbiota perturbation
Authors: Xu Zhen-Ran , Yuan Xiao-Xiao , Chen Rui-Min , Wei Hai-Yan , Chen Lin-Qi , Du Hong-Wei , Li Gui-Mei , Yang Yu , Chen Xiao-Juan , Fang Xin , Luo Fei-Hong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The real-world exposure levels of non-therapeutic antibiotics and neonicotinoids in type 1 diabetes (T1D) children and their associations as environmental triggers through gut microbiota shifts remained unknown. We thus investigated the antibiotics and neonicotinoids’ exposure levels and their associations with gut microbiota in pediatric T1D.

Methods
Fifty-one newly onset T1D children along with 67 age-matched healthy controls were recruited. Urine concentrations of 28 antibiotics and 12 neonicotinoids were measured by mass spectrometry. Children were grouped according to the kinds of antibiotics’ and neonicotinoids’ exposures, respectively. The 16S rRNA of fecal gut microbiota was sequenced, and the correlation with urine antibiotics and neonicotinoids’ concentrations was analyzed.

Results
The overall detection rates of antibiotics were 72.5% and 61.2% among T1D and healthy children, whereas the neonicotinoids detection rates were 70.6% and 52.2% (P = 0.044). Children exposed to one kind of antibiotic or two or more kinds of neonicotinoids had higher risk of T1D, with the odd ratios of 2.579 and 3.911. Furthermore, co-exposure to antibiotics and neonicotinoids was associated with T1D, with the odd ratio of 4.924. Antibiotics or neonicotinoids exposure did not affect overall richness and diversity of gut microbiota. However, children who were exposed to neither antibiotics nor neonicotinoids had higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae than children who were exposed to antibiotics and neonicotinoids alone or together.

Conclusion
High antibiotics and neonicotinoids exposures were found in T1D children, and they were associated with changes in gut microbiota featured with lower abundance of butyrate-producing genera, which might increase the risk of T1D.
Re-entry predictions of space debris for collision avoidance with air traffic
Authors: Bernelli-Zazzera Franco , Colombo Camilla , Sidhoum Yanis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe need for a safe and efficient integration of space vehicle operations into air traffic system to minimize the risk of impacts of spacecraft and aircraft and to sustain a steady air traffic is evident. This work provides a strategy toward more efficient management of uncontrolled re-entries by combining uncertainty propagation analysis with the FAA’s ConOps in the framework of the FAA’s Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). The paper considers the scenario where a spacecraft re-entry is completely uncontrolled. During such re-entry, predictions are very difficult and are affected by various sources of uncertainty. Then the resulting position distribution throughout airspace boundaries is analysed and the impact on air traffic is estimated by defining protected airspace areas. The impact of the size of the protected area on the air traffic control is analysed and strategies for re-routing of air traffic are proposed. To verify the proposed results, the re-entry of the core stage of the CZ-5B R/B launcher is simulated.
Insulin antibody as a biomarker to monitor the development of type 2 diabetes in county hospitals in China
Authors: Yao Dan , Zhu Ziqing , Chen Zhiyan , Qiu Jianda , Feng Caiyun , Zhu Xianzhi , Zhou Qianyun , Chu Jianping 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
The significance of insulin antibody (IA) detection in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has received scant attention from county hospitals in China. We aimed to introduce exogenous IA positive rate and its relative factors in T2DM treated with insulin in Xiangshan County of Ningbo City, analyzing the immunogenicity of different kinds of insulin.

Methods
Patients who were residents from the Danxi community and six towns (Dongchen, Xizhou, Maoyang, Sizhoutou, Juexi, and Qiangtou) in Xiangshan County and diagnosed with T2DM and treated with insulins at Xiangshan Hospital of TCM Medical and Health Group between August 2019 and June 2020 were identified. Those who met the eligibility criteria were included and assigned to the IA-positive or IA-negative group. The immunogenicity of different insulins was compared between the two groups.

Results
Among 992 patients, 781 were eligible for IA detection, and 40.2% of them were IA positive. Blood IA was closely associated with fasting and 2-h glucose, insulin, and C peptide levels and higher insulin dosage. Patients receiving basal insulin treatment showed significantly lower blood IA than those treated with mixed human insulin, premixed human insulins, rapid-acting analogs, or a combination of basal and rapid-acting analogs.
Association between antihypertensive medication and the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) of outpatients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gremke Niklas , Kostev Karel , Kalder Matthias 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the impact of a broad spectrum of antihypertensive (AH) medications on urinary tract infections (UTI) of outpatients diagnosed in general practices in Germany.

Methods
This study included a total of 367,960 patients aged ≥ 18 years newly a diagnosed with UTI in 1274 general practices in Germany between January 2010 and December 2019. The analysis was conducted for five groups representing five AH therapy classes (diuretics (DIU); beta blockers (BB); calcium channel blockers (CCB); ACE inhibitors (ACEi); angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB)), each containing 73,592 patients. A Cox regression model was used to analyze the association between each antihypertensive drug class and UTI incidence as compared to all other antihypertensive drug classes (as a group).

Results
The incidence of UTI diagnosis was slightly higher in patients treated with DIU (8.6%), followed by ACEi (8.1%), ARB (7.9%), and CCB (6.5%). Antibiotic therapy for UTI was given in 5.6% of DIU and 4.3% of CCB patients. The incidence of UTI and antibiotic therapy was much higher in women than in men across all therapy classes. No significant increase or decrease in UTI incidence or antibiotic therapy was observed in any of the AH therapy classes investigated.

Conclusion
The present study did not identify a significant increase or decrease of UTI incidence or antibiotic therapy in patients treated with ACEi, ACB, CCB, beta blockers or diuretics. Across all AH classes studied, the incidence of UTI and antibiotic therapy was higher in women than in men, although not significantly.
Clinical Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Leg: A Delphi Analysis
Authors: Vogels Sanne , Ritchie E. D. , van der Burg B. L. S. Borger , Scheltinga M. R. M. , Zimmermann W. O. , Hoencamp R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Aim
Defining universally accepted guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is hampered by the absence of high-quality scientific research. The aim of this Delphi study was to establish consensus on practical issues guiding diagnosis and treatment of CECS of the leg in civilian and military patient populations.

Methods
An international expert group was queried using the Delphi technique with a traditional three-round electronic consultation. Results of previous rounds were anonymously disclosed in the questionnaire of rounds 2 and 3, if relevant. Consensus was defined as > 70% positive or negative agreement for a question or statement.

Results
The panel consisted of 27 civilian and military healthcare providers. Consensus was reached on five essential key characteristics of lower leg CECS. The panel achieved partial agreement regarding standardization of the diagnostic protocol, including muscle tissue pressure measurements. Consensus was reached on conservative and surgical treatment regimens. However, the experts did not attain consensus on their approach of postoperative rehabilitation and preferred treatment approach of recurrent or residual disease. A summary of best clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of CECS was formulated by experts working in civilian and military healthcare facilities.

Conclusion
The Delphi panel reached consensus on key criteria for signs and symptoms of CECS and several aspects for conservative and surgical treatment. The panel did not agree on the role of ICP values in the diagnostic process, postoperative rehabilitation guidelines protocol, or the preferred treatment approach for recurrent or residual disease. These aspects serve as a first attempt to initiate simple guidelines for clinical practice.
Solving arithmetic word problems by synergizing syntax-semantics extractor for explicit relations and neural network miner for implicit relations
Authors: Yu Xinguo , Lyu Xiaopan , Peng Rao , Shen Jun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a relation-centric algorithm for solving arithmetic word problems (AWPs) by synergizing a syntax-semantics extractor for extracting explicit relations, and a neural network miner for mining implicit relations. This is the first algorithm that has a specific component to acquire implicit knowledge items for solving AWPs. This paper proposes a three-phase scheme to decompose the challenging task of designing an algorithm for solving AWPs into three smaller tasks. The first phase proposes a state-action paradigm; the second phase instantiates the paradigm into a relation-centric approach; and the third phase implements a relation-centric algorithm for solving AWPs. There are two main steps in the proposed algorithm: problem understanding and symbolic solver. By adopting the relation-centric approach, problem understanding becomes a task of relation acquisition. For conducting the task of relation acquisition, a relaxed syntax-semantics method first extracts a group of explicit relation candidates. In parallel, a neural network miner acquires implicit relation candidates. The miner computes the vectors encoded by BERT to determine which implicit relations should be added. Thus, problem understanding can acquire both explicit relations and implicit relations, which addresses the challenge of building a problem understanding method that can acquire all the knowledge items to find the solution. In the subsequent step of symbolic solver, a fusion procedure forms a distilled set of relations from all the candidates by discarding unnecessary relations. Experimentation on nine benchmark datasets validates the superiority of the proposed algorithm that outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms.
The fuzzy Weighted Influence Nonlinear Gauge System method extended with D numbers and MICMAC
Authors: Wang Muwen , Tian Yuan , Zhang Kecheng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Weighted Influence Nonlinear Measurement System (WINGS) method originates from DEMATEL, which has the advantage of analyzing the interweaved determinants and the causal relationships within them. The innovation is mainly reflected in considering both the strength of the influencing factors themselves and the relationship of their mutual influence. To address the problems of ambiguity in assessing information and uncertainty in the judgment of expert group, this paper proposes fuzzy WINGS improved by D numbers (fuzzy D-WINGS). Combining D numbers with Triangular fuzzy numbers can overcome the limitation of mutually exclusive and collectively extensive set. The WINGS method is used to reveal the interdependent causal relationships by recognizing the orientation and strength of the factors. Utilizing the MICMAC method to draw matrix analysis diagrams can further reveal the relationship among them. Finally, a practical case study is conducted to prove the practicability of this fuzzy D-WINGS–MICMAC method.
The role of creep deformation in pit lake slope stability
Authors: Dyson Ashley P. , Moghadam Mahdi Sedighi , Zad Amirali , Tolooiyan Ali 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLarge-scale open-pit mining activities have profound impacts on the surrounding landscape and environment. At the cessation of open-pit mining, the rehabilitation of large void spaces can be achieved by pit-lake filling, where the water body provides a confining pressure on surrounding mine surfaces, reducing both the likelihood of slope failure and the need for ongoing slope maintenance. Although pit-lakes present a range of long-term benefits, the geotechnical performance of mines containing soft soils that are susceptible to creep under increasing loads due to pit-lake filling is seldom considered. From a geotechnical standpoint, creep induced failure is commonly associated with slow, downslope movements, prior to critical slope failure events. In this research, time-dependent slope stability analyses based on creep-sensitive materials are presented for an open-cut mine undergoing pit-lake filling. Numerical simulation provides a mechanism for the assessment of materials exhibiting soft soil creep constitutive behaviour under various loading conditions due to pit-lake filling. The response of mine surfaces is investigated for various filling regimes, highlighting location-dependent deformation rates, pore pressures and slope Factors of Safety for a large Australian open-pit brown coal mine. Results are presented for two separate creep-sensitive materials, identifying the ability to achieve final, stable landforms for a range of long-term pit-lake conditions.Article HighlightsTime-dependent creep deformation behaviour is investigated for a large Victorian open-pit brown coal mine undergoing pit-lake rehabilitation.The soft soil creep model is implemented for a large open-pit rehabilitation model, to assess long-lasting creep movements of a specific mine slope.Mine void filling rates are simulated for a range of rehabilitation scenarios over a 5 to 40 year period, identifying the excess pore water pressure distributions in addition to vertical and horizontal deformations rates.The long-term behaviour of 8 cross-section profiles is presented, identifying the effect of pit-lake filling for silt and clay interseam materials.
Wissenschaftliche Weiterbildung Älterer in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie – Sichtweisen von Teilnehmenden an „Studieren ab 50“ der Universität Magdeburg
Authors: Felix Annika , Berndt Sarah , Dabitz Jasmin , Schubert Paul 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag untersucht die Wahrnehmung der COVID-19-Pandemie durch aktuelle und ehemalige Teilnehmende an wissenschaftlicher Weiterbildung Älterer am Beispiel des Programms „Studieren ab 50“ der Universität Magdeburg und fragt danach, inwieweit die COVID-19-Pandemie zu Benachteiligungen in der Bildungsteilhabe in diesem Bereich führt. Er nimmt damit zwei bislang nur wenig betrachtete Perspektiven auf die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie im Bereich der Weiterbildung ein: a) die Sicht der Teilnehmenden und b) den Bereich der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung Älterer. Grundlage der Analysen bildet eine Befragung von derzeitigen und ehemaligen Teilnehmenden des Weiterbildungsangebots im Sommersemester 2021 (N 302, Rücklauf 33,3 %). Mittels (multinomial) logistischer Regressionsanalysen wird untersucht, womit die Weiterbildungsteilnahme in Zeiten der COVID-19-Pandemie in Zusammenhang steht. Es zeigt sich, dass hier vor allem teilnahmebezogene Faktoren, wie die Bewertung der bisherigen Teilnahmeerfahrungen und pandemiebezogene Aspekte, wie die Angst vor einer Ansteckung, eine Rolle spielen. Der Beitrag diskutiert die Ergebnisse vor dem Hintergrund der künftigen Ausgestaltung von wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildungsangeboten für Ältere.
The relational dynamics of anger and shame: scripts for emotional interactions in Germany and Japan
Authors: Boiger Michael , Riediger Michaela , Uchida Yukiko , Mesquita Batja 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis study explored German and Japanese scripts for anger and shame interactions between romantic partners. We started from the idea that emotion scripts structure people’s knowledge about emotional interactions and should vary systematically between cultures in line with the cultural significance of the emotion that the script organizes. Specifically, we expected that emotions that are consistent with culturally dominant relationship ideals (anger in Germany, shame in Japan) compared to those that are inconsistent (anger in Japan, shame in Germany) are experienced more commonly and that scripts for culturally consistent compared to inconsistent emotions should represent more knowledge about interpersonal contingencies. German and Japanese participants (N = 344) indicated for eight anger (or shame) situations how frequently they encounter similar situations, how intensely they would respond with anger/shame, how their partners would react, and how angry/ashamed they would feel after the interaction. In line with our expectations, we found that people encounter shame situations with their partners frequently to the extent that they lead to culturally consistent emotions; this was partially also the case for anger situations. Moreover, we found that, overall, participants took imagined partner responses more into account when imagining interactions around culturally consistent compared to inconsistent emotions, supporting the idea that these scripts represent more interpersonal influence.
Beyond Shapes: Core Reduction Strategies in the Magdalenian of Cova Gran de Santa Linya (NE Iberia)
Authors: Sánchez-Martínez Javier , Roda Gilabert Xavier , Vega Bolívar Susana , Martínez-Moreno Jorge , Benito-Calvo Alfonso , Mora Torcal Rafael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCore reduction provides insight into the technical actions involved in knapping sequences, one of the central elements in technological analysis. By examining reduction phases, cognitive and operational aspects of the management of lithic resources can be explored, and the technical behaviours of human groups reconstructed.This paper presents a technological and morphometric analysis of cores from the Magdalenian sequence of the Cova Gran de Santa Linya (SE Pyrenees), which ranges from 23 to 16 k cal BP. The knapping strategies suggest two types of lithic exploitation: one on nodules using semi-circumferential methods and the other on thick flakes using burin-core methods. Five knapping modalities were identified through the study of reduction sequences and the analysis of technical attributes, which highlights the technical diversity of lithic production systems.The data collected are supported by statistical analysis and reveal significant differences at the diachronic level and among the lithic assemblages. This study aims to suggest a reference model with which to characterise Magdalenian cores in technological terms. This model can broaden our understanding of the diversity of technical behaviours that appear from the beginning of LGM-b to the end of MIS 2 in the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula.