bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of dedicated software for balancing water systems of a deep mine
Authors: Krzeszowski Światosław , Grajper Paweł 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBalancing the systems of waters in mines or in selected parts of them is an important part of works carried out by geological services of the mines, including the works aiming, for instance, at recording the types of waters flowing into mine excavations, assessing the impact of mining operations on the environment and foreseeing water threats. The article presents research performed with the objective of balancing the selected water systems of the deep coal mine “Jankowice.” The research was performed with the help of the software dedicated directly for balancing water systems, in particular water systems in mines. The computational methods of this software are based on the techniques of matrix calculations, in particular on the methods of results coordination. It allows to obtain fully compliant balances with minimal adjustments of the measured values describing both the types of the system incoming waters and collective waters which are a mixture of types of waters incoming to the system. The results of the conducted research showed the usefulness of the KYBL software for balancing the water systems of deep mines. It was also shown that this tool could also be used to balance any other water systems with a similar physical mixing model as in the case of deep mine water systems.
Synthesis of CuAl-layered double hydroxide/MgO2 nanocomposite catalyst for the degradation of organic dye under dark condition
Authors: Aragaw Setegn Geta , Feysia Gebisa Bekele , Gultom Noto Susanto , Kuo Dong-Hau , Abdullah Hairus , Chen Xiaoyun , Zelekew Osman Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWater pollution as a result of releasing organic and inorganic pollutants is the main concern and health risk factor for human beings. To minimize the effect of toxicity from pollutants, enormous method has been applied. In this report, the CuAl-layered double hydroxide/MgO2 composite catalysts were synthesized via in-situ growth of magnesium peroxide on the layered double hydroxide (LDH) sheet. The preparations of the catalysts were performed with varying the ratio of LDH: MgO2 which was abbreviated as CuAl-LDH/MgO2-35, CuAl-LDH/MgO2-50, and CuAl-LDH/MgO2-65 for 35:65, 50:50, and 65:35% weight ratios, respectively. The prepared catalysts were characterized and evaluated for methyl orange (MO) dye degradation at room temperature under dark conditions. Among the catalysts, CuAl-LDH/MgO2-50 showed an excellent Fenton-like reaction under neutral condition at which 97% of MO was degraded in the 100 min reaction. However, CuAl-LDH, MgO2, CuAl-LDH/MgO2-35, and CuAl-LDH/MgO2-65 catalysts degrade only 61, 8, 35, and 69% of MO dye. The highest degradation efficiency for CuAl-LDH/MgO2-50 could be due to the presence of optimum amount of copper along with the sufficient amount of generated hydrogen peroxide from MgO2 to run the Fenton-like reaction process. Moreover, the catalyst can also be able to use repeatedly with a minimum loss of activity. In general, the result suggests that CuAl-LDH/MgO2 composite is an option for the degradation of organic pollutants.
Meaning in the Pursuit of Pleasure
Authors: MATHESON DAVID 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHere I speak in favor of the view that life's meaning can be found in the pursuit of pleasure. I first present an argument for this view that is grounded in a traditional concept of meaning. To help ease remaining concerns about accepting it, I then draw attention to four things the view does not imply: (1) that we have a reason to take hedonistic theories of meaning seriously; (2) that meaning can be found in the deeply immoral, the deeply ignorant, or the deeply repulsive pursuit of pleasure; (3) that there is a significantly easier route to meaning than the pursuit of morality, the pursuit of knowledge, or the pursuit of art; and (4) that meaning can be found in pursuits that involve only baser aspects of human nature.
Antimicrobial stewardship in Latin America: Past, present, and future
Authors: Fabre Valeria , Cosgrove Sara E. , Secaira Clara , Tapia Torrez Juan Carlos , Lessa Fernanda C. , Patel Twisha S. , Quiros Rodolfo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in well-resourced countries has been associated with reductions in antibiotic-resistant infections and improved patient outcomes. Several guidance documents providing recommendations on how to structure antimicrobial stewardship activities at the national and hospital level in resource-limited settings have been published. However, few hospitals in Latin America report having a structure or resources needed for a successful ASP. Given the alarming increases in antimicrobial resistance in Latin America, better understanding of barriers to promote implementation of effective ASPs is urgently needed. We have summarized past and present antimicrobial stewardship activities in Latin American hospitals, and we describe key elements needed in future efforts to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship in the region.
Forest terrains influence walking kinematics among indigenous Tsimane of the Bolivian Amazon
Authors: Holowka Nicholas B. , Kraft Thomas S. , Wallace Ian J. , Gurven Michael , Venkataraman Vivek V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Laboratory-based studies indicate that a major evolutionary advantage of bipedalism is enabling humans to walk with relatively low energy expenditure. However, such studies typically record subjects walking on even surfaces or treadmills that do not represent the irregular terrains our species encounters in natural environments. To date, few studies have quantified walking kinematics on natural terrains. Here we used high-speed video to record marker-based kinematics of 21 individuals from a Tsimane forager–horticulturalist community in the Bolivian Amazon walking on three different terrains: a dirt field, a forest trail and an unbroken forest transect. Compared with the field, in the unbroken forest participants contacted the ground with more protracted legs and flatter foot postures, had more inclined trunks, more flexed hips and knees, and raised their feet higher during leg swing. In contrast, kinematics were generally similar between trail and field walking. These results provide preliminary support for the idea that irregular natural surfaces like those in forests cause humans to alter their walking kinematics, such that travel in these environments could be more energetically expensive than would be assumed from laboratory-based data. These findings have important implications for the evolutionary energetics of human foraging in environments with challenging terrains.
Role detection in bicycle-sharing networks using multilayer stochastic block models
Authors: Carlen Jane , de Dios Pont Jaume , Mentus Cassidy , Chang Shyr-Shea , Wang Stephanie , Porter Mason A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn urban systems, there is an interdependency between neighborhood roles and transportation patterns between neighborhoods. In this paper, we classify docking stations in bicycle-sharing networks to gain insight into the human mobility patterns of three major cities in the United States. We propose novel time-dependent stochastic block models, with degree-heterogeneous blocks and either mixed or discrete block membership, which classify nodes based on their time-dependent activity patterns. We apply these models to (1) detect the roles of bicycle-sharing stations and (2) describe the traffic within and between blocks of stations over the course of a day. Our models successfully uncover work blocks, home blocks, and other blocks; they also reveal activity patterns that are specific to each city. Our work gives insights for the design and maintenance of bicycle-sharing systems, and it contributes new methodology for community detection in temporal and multilayer networks with heterogeneous degrees.
Non-degeneracy of synchronized vector solutions for weakly coupled nonlinear schrödiner systems
Authors: Guo Qing , Zhao Leiga 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the following two-component Schrödiner system
\[ \begin{cases} -\Delta u_1 +V_1(x) u_1= \mu_1 u_1^{3} +\beta u_1u_2^{2} & \text{in}\;\mathbb{R}^{3},\\ -\Delta u_2+V_2(x) u_2= \mu_2 u_2^{3} +\beta u_1^{2}u_2 & \text{in}\;\mathbb{R}^{3}. \end{cases} \]First, we revisit the proof of the existence of an unbounded sequence of non-radial positive vector solutions of synchronized type obtained in S. Peng and Z. Wang [Segregated and synchronized vector solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger systems, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 208 (2013), 305–339] to give a point-wise estimate of the solutions. Taking advantage of these estimates, we then show a non-degeneracy result of the synchronized solutions in some suitable symmetric space by use of the locally Pohozaev identities. The main difficulties of BEC systems come from the interspecies interaction between the components, which never appear in the study of single equations. The idea used to estimate the coupling terms is inspired by the characterization of the Fermat points in the famous Fermat problem, which is the main novelty of this paper.
Age-related brain deviations and aggression
Authors: Holz Nathalie E. , Floris Dorothea L. , Llera Alberto , Aggensteiner Pascal M. , Kia Seyed Mostafa , Wolfers Thomas , Baumeister Sarah , Böttinger Boris , Glennon Jeffrey C. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Dietrich Andrea , Saam Melanie C. , Schulze Ulrike M. E. , Lythgoe David J. , Williams Steve C. R. , Santosh Paramala , Rosa-Justicia Mireia , Bargallo Nuria , Castro-Fornieles Josefina , Arango Celso , Penzol Maria J. , Walitza Susanne , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Zwiers Marcel , Franke Barbara , Buitelaar Jan , Naaijen Jilly , Brandeis Daniel , Beckmann Christian , Banaschewski Tobias , Marquand Andre F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDisruptive behavior disorders (DBD) are heterogeneous at the clinical and the biological level. Therefore, the aims were to dissect the heterogeneous neurodevelopmental deviations of the affective brain circuitry and provide an integration of these differences across modalities.MethodsWe combined two novel approaches. First, normative modeling to map deviations from the typical age-related pattern at the level of the individual of (i) activity during emotion matching and (ii) of anatomical images derived from DBD cases (n= 77) and controls (n= 52) aged 8–18 years from the EU-funded Aggressotype and MATRICS consortia. Second, linked independent component analysis to integrate subject-specific deviations from both modalities.ResultsWhile cases exhibited on average a higher activity than would be expected for their age during face processing in regions such as the amygdala when compared to controls these positive deviations were widespread at the individual level. A multimodal integration of all functional and anatomical deviations explained 23% of the variance in the clinical DBD phenotype. Most notably, the top marker, encompassing the default mode network (DMN) and subcortical regions such as the amygdala and the striatum, was related to aggression across the whole sample.ConclusionsOverall increased age-related deviations in the amygdala in DBD suggest a maturational delay, which has to be further validated in future studies. Further, the integration of individual deviation patterns from multiple imaging modalities allowed to dissect some of the heterogeneity of DBD and identified the DMN, the striatum and the amygdala as neural signatures that were associated with aggression.
Missing Incomes in the UK: Evidence and Policy Implications
Authors: ADVANI ARUN , OOMS TAHNEE , SUMMERS ANDY 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolicymakers are liable to ‘treasure what is measured’ and overlook phenomena that are not. In an era of increased reliance on administrative data, existing policies also often determine what is measured in the first place. We explore this two-way interaction between measurement and policy in the context of the investment incomes and capital gains that are missing from the UK’s official income statistics. We show that these ‘missing incomes’ change the established picture of economic inequality over the past decade, revealing rising top income shares during the period of austerity. The underestimation of these forms of income in official statistics has hidden the impact of tax policies that disproportionately benefit the wealthiest. We urge a renewed focus on how policy affects and is affected by measurement.
Improved fuzzy sliding mode control in flexible manipulator actuated by PMAs
Authors: Li Fang , Zhang Zheng , Wu Yang , Chen Yining , Liu Kai , Yao Jiafeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPneumatic muscle actuator (PMA) similar to biological muscle is a new type of pneumatic actuator. The flexible manipulator based on PMAs was constructed to simulate the actual movement of the human upper arm. Considering the model errors and external disturbances, the fuzzing sliding mode control based on the saturation function was proposed. Compared with other fuzzy control methods, fuzzy control and saturation function are used to adjust the robust terms to improve the tracking accuracy and reduce the high-frequency chattering.
Annual and perennial crop composition impacts on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics at two different depths
Authors: Means Megan , Crews Timothy , Souza Lara 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe sustainability of an agricultural field is largely influenced by crop growth habit and management practices such as tillage. Both strongly interact to shape ecosystem properties such as the fluxes and stocks of carbon and nitrogen. Recently, researchers have worked to develop perennial grain crops in order to enhance key ecosystem processes, such as carbon cycling and nitrogen fixation, with the use of perennial crops rather than traditionally used annual crops. In this study, we aimed to understand how soil disturbance combined with vegetation type [annual monoculture crops vs. perennial monocultures (intermediate wheatgrass (IWG)) vs restored native vegetation (RNV)] influenced the soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. We collected soil samples at two depths (0–15 cm and 15–30 cm) from each vegetation treatment and incubated the soils in the laboratory for 120 days to determine the efflux of carbon and also analyzed the mineralization of both carbon and nitrogen. The results demonstrated the soils from the IWG had the greatest carbon flux, as well as carbon and nitrogen storage (annual monoculture < RNV < IWG). The differences in carbon flux, carbon and nitrogen storage from the IWG to the annual monoculture were 27, 40, 20%, respectively, while the IWG to the RNV was 11, 20, 10%. Shallow soil samples exhibited greater differences in all C and N comparisons between treatments compared to deeper soil samples. Taken together, our findings indicate that crop vegetation type and soil depth strongly influence carbon and nitrogen dynamics.
Party Control, Intraparty Competition, and the Substantive Focus of Women's Parliamentary Questions: Evidence from Belgium
Authors: de Vet Benjamin , Devroe Robin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractParliaments are still often criticized for being gendered—that is, for maintaining problematic inequalities between male and female officeholders. While research highlights how female members of parliament (MPs) take the floor less often than men, especially during debates on “hard” policy domains, much remains unknown about the role that political parties play in fostering such differences. Drawing on a novel data set on the use of parliamentary questions in Belgium (N = 180,783), this article examines gendered patterns in the substantive focus of MPs’ parliamentary work. It confirms that differences in the issue concentrations of male and female MPs exist, but they are larger when access to the floor is more restricted and party control is stronger. Our findings yield important insights into the gendered side effects of parliamentary procedure and shed some light on the “choice versus coercion” controversy with regard to women's substantive focus of parliamentary work.
Near‐Bed Sediment Transport During Offshore Bar Migration in Large‐Scale Experiments
Authors: Grossmann Florian , Hurther David , van der Zanden Joep , Cáceres Iván , Sánchez‐Arcilla Agustín , Alsina José M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study presents novel insights into hydrodynamics and sediment fluxes in large‐scale laboratory experiments with bichromatic wave groups on a relatively steep initial beach slope (1:15). An Acoustic Concentration and Velocity Profiler provided detailed information of velocity and sand concentration near the bed from shoaling up to the outer breaking zone including suspended sediment and sheet flow transport. The morphological evolution was characterized by offshore migration of the outer breaker bar. Decomposition of the total net transport revealed a balance of onshore‐directed, short wave‐related and offshore‐directed, current‐related net transport. The short wave‐related transport mainly occurred as bedload over small vertical extents. It was linked to characteristic intrawave sheet flow layer expansions during short wave crests. The current‐related transport rate featured lower maximum flux magnitudes but occurred over larger vertical extents. As a result, it was larger than the short wave‐related transport rate in all but one cross‐shore position, driving the bar’s offshore migration. Net flux magnitudes of the infragravity component were comparatively low but played a nonnegligible role for total net transport rate in certain cross‐shore positions. Net infragravity flux profiles sometimes featured opposing directions over the vertical. The fluxes were linked to a standing infragravity wave pattern and to the correlation of the short wave envelope, controlling suspension, with the infragravity wave velocity.
Water Mass Transports and Pathways in the North Brazil‐Equatorial Undercurrent Retroflection
Authors: Vallès‐Casanova Ignasi , Fraile‐Nuez Eugenio , Martín‐Rey Marta , van Sebille Erik , Cabré Anna , Olivé‐Abelló Anna , Pelegrí Josep L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe equatorial retroflection of the North Brazil Current (NBC) into the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and its posterior tropical recirculation is a major regulator for the returning limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Indeed, most surface and thermocline NBC waters retroflect at the equator all the way into the central and eastern Atlantic Ocean, before they recirculate back through the tropics to the western boundary. Here, we use cruise data in the western equatorial Atlantic during April 2010 and reanalysis time series for the equatorial and tropical waters in both hemispheres in order to explore the recirculation pathways and transport variability. During the 1998–2016 period, the annual‐mean EUC transports 15.1 ± 1.3 Sv at 32°W, with 2.8 ± 0.4 Sv from the North Atlantic and 11.4 ± 1.3 Sv from the South Atlantic. At 32°W most of the total EUC transport comes from the western boundary retroflection south of 3°N (7.2 ± 0.9 Sv), a substantial fraction retroflects north of 3°N (5.6 ± 0.4 Sv), and the remaining flow (2.3 Sv) joins through the interior basin. The South Atlantic subtropical waters feed the EUC at all thermocline depths while the North Atlantic and South Atlantic tropical waters do so at the surface and upper‐thermocline levels. The EUC transport at 32°W has a pronounced seasonality, with spring and fall maxima and a range of 8.8 Sv. The 18 yr of reanalysis data shows a weak yet significant correlation with an Atlantic Niño index, and also suggests an enhanced contribution from the South Atlantic tropical waters during 2008–2016 as compared with 1997–2007.
On the Vertical Structure of Oceanic Mesoscale Tracer Diffusivities
Authors: Zhang Wenda , Wolfe Christopher L. P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIsopycnal mixing of tracers is important for ocean dynamics and biogeochemistry. Previous studies have primarily focused on the horizontal structure of mixing, but what controls its vertical structure is still unclear. This study investigates the vertical structure of the isopycnal tracer diffusivity diagnosed by a multiple‐tracer inversion method in an idealized basin circulation model. The first two eigenvalues of the symmetric part of the 3D diffusivity tensor are approximately tangent to isopycnal surfaces. The isopycnal mixing is anisotropic, with principal directions of the large and small diffusivities generally oriented along and across the mean flow direction. The cross‐stream diffusivity can be reconstructed from the along‐stream diffusivity after accounting for suppression of mixing by the mean flow. In the circumpolar channel and the upper ocean in the gyres, the vertical structure of the along‐stream diffusivity follows that of the rms eddy velocity times a depth‐independent local energy‐containing scale estimated from the sea surface height. The diffusivity in the deep ocean in the gyres instead follows the profile of the eddy kinetic energy times a depth‐independent mixing time scale. The transition between the two mixing regimes is attributed to the dominance of nonlinear interactions and linear waves in the upper and deep ocean, respectively, distinguished by a nonlinearity parameter. A formula is proposed that accounts for both regimes and captures the vertical variation of diffusivities better than extant theories. These results inform efforts to parameterize the vertical structure of isopycnal mixing in coarse‐resolution ocean models.
Retention Site Contribution Toward Silver Particle Immobilization in Porous Media
Authors: Patiño Janis E. , Pérez‐Reche Francisco J. , Morales Verónica L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis work investigates the role that pore structure plays in colloid retention across scales with a novel methodology based on image analysis. Experiments were designed to quantify–with robust statistics–the contribution from commonly proposed retention sites toward colloid immobilization. Specific retention sites include solid‐water interface, air‐water interface, air‐water‐solid triple point, grain‐to‐grain contacts, and thin films. Variable conditions for pore‐water content, velocity, and chemistry were tested in a model glass bead porous medium with silver microspheres. Concentration signals from effluent breakthrough and spatial profiles of retained particles from micro X‐ray Computed Tomography were used to compute mass balances and enumerate pore‐scale regions of interest in three dimensions. At the Darcy‐scale, retained colloids follow non‐monotonic deposition profiles, which implicates effects from flow‐stagnation zones. The spatial distribution of immobilized colloids along the porous medium depth was analyzed by retention site, revealing depth‐independent partitioning of colloids. At the pore‐scale, dominance and overall saturation of all retention sites considered indicated that the solid‐water interface and wedge‐shaped regions associated with flow‐stagnation (grain‐to‐grain contacts in saturated and air‐water‐solid triple points in unsaturated conditions) are the greatest contributors toward retention under the tested conditions. At the interface‐scale, xDLVO energy profiles were in agreement with pore‐scale observations. Our calculations suggest favorable interactions for colloids and solid‐water interfaces and for weak flocculation (e.g., at flow‐stagnation zones), but unfavorable interactions between colloids and air‐water interfaces. Overall, we demonstrate that pore‐structure plays a critical role in colloid immobilization and that Darcy‐, pore‐ and interface‐scales are consistent when the pore structure is taken into account.