bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSII-B-17 Effect of Corn Grain Processing and Moisture Content in Finishing Diets Formulated to Meet Rumen Degradable Protein Requirements on Feedlot Cattle Performance
Authors: González Lucas , Viano Sergio , Davies Patricio , Méndez Daniel , Jaurena Gustavo , Arroquy José , Elizalde Juan , Ceconi Irene 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Increased dietary inclusion of rapidly-fermentable carbohydrates and a great proportion of corn-derived CP may result in increased rumen degradable protein (RDP) microbial requirements and reduced RDP supply, respectively. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of processing and moisture content of corn grain in finishing diets concurrently balanced to meet increased RDP requirements on feedlot cattle performance. A semi-dent corn hybrid crop was harvested and stored as dry-whole (DWC), dry-rolled (DRC), whole high-moisture (WHMC), or rolled high-moisture (RHMC) corn (89.3% DM and 32.4% moisture for dry and high-moisture corn, respectively). Four dietary treatments containing 78.8-79.0% corn grain were arranged by adding (DM basis) 0.15, 0.20, 0.0, or 0.0% of urea to DWC, DRC, WHMC, or RHMC-based diets, respectively, to meet RDP requirements, which were measured in previous experiments using the same corn hybrid as in the present experiment. Angus steers (n = 144; 356 ± 2.7 kg initial BW) were group-housed in 24 pens, fed once daily from d 1 to 86, and held off feed and water for 16 h to record initial and final BW. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block (6) design. Rate of BW gain and HCW increased and DMI decreased (P ≤ 0.02) from dry and whole to moist and rolled corn-fed steers (Table 1). Consequently, steers fed the RHMC-based and 0%-urea diet were finished at heavier BW and were more efficient (P ≤ 0.02) converting feed into BW and carcass compared with steers fed any of the other diets. Feeding high-moisture compared with dry corn led to improved cattle performance and might reduce urea-derived costs. The convenience of using RHMC instead of WHMC may rely upon the balance between improved animal performance and increased feed costs associated with corn processing.
PSII-B-15 Composition of Milk as Explained by Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Diet Composition and Combination
Authors: Sujani Sathya , White Robin R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Although individual studies on the milk component responses to diet and rumen fermentation parameters, notably rumen pH, have identified relationships, these have not been widely summarized. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted with the objective of evaluating how milk fat and protein percentage change in response to diet (D), rumen fermentation parameters (R) and combination of both (R+D) variables. A secondary objective was to evaluate how these models differed when considering interactions with rumen pH. Rumen fermentation parameters included total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, molar proportions of major and minor VFA, rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen, and diet variables included dry matter intake (DMI) dietary percentages of dry (DM) and organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract, and starch. The database consisted of 138 published articles. Models were derived using a mixed linear regression weighted by the inverse of the standard error. Models were compared based on the concordance correlation coefficient after removing study effects (CCC). Models of milk fat based on R, R+D and R*pH+D*pH had similar capacity to explain variation within the data set (CCC: 0.26 to 0.31). Other than CP all other diet variables remained in the final D model and the same was observed in the model D*pH. Propionate was a significant variable in all R based final models along with acetate in the R*pH model and valerate in R model. Despite numerous significant relationships, ability to explain variability within the dataset was poor. All milk protein models had similar, and poor capacity to explain variability within the dataset (CCC &gt; 0.2). Interestingly minor VFAs, valerate and iso-butyrate, were included in all R-based models. Although individual studies show precise dietary control of milk components, further work is needed to explain variability in those responses across studies.
PSIX-17 Use of Mycotoxin Deactivator Increases Productive Performance by Feedlot Cattle fed a Natural Contaminated Diet
Authors: Gouvêa Daniel I C G , Niehues Maria B , de Matos Isabelle E , Perdigão Alexandre , de Carvalho Victor Valério , Acedo Tiago S S , Turner Tyler , Martins Cyntia L L , Arrigoni Mário B D B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effect of including a mycotoxin deactivator on the productive performance of feedlot cattle for 96 days, fed a high concentrate diet. Nellore bulls (iBW, n = 48; 402 kg ±5.02 kg), were allocated in a collective pen with automatic troughs (Intergado, Brazil), randomly distributed in two treatments: 1) Control (CON), with no mycotoxin deactivator; 2) Mycofix Select 5.0 (Myc, Biomin, DSM Nutritional Products, 10g per animal/day). The animals were weighed fasting (±16h) at the beginning and end of the experiment and dry matter intake (DMI) was measured by electronic feeders (Intergado). The diets were analyzed for the presence of naturally occurring mycotoxins by enzyme immunosorbent test, Elisa – AgriQuant (Romer Labs) and the detected results were: Total aflatoxins (AF) &lt; 2.0 μg/kg DM, fumonisins (B1+B2) 0.29 mg/kg DM, deoxynivalenol (DON) 0.38 mg/kg DM and trichotocenes (&lt; 0.25 μg/ kg DM). Data were analyzed by SAS PROC ANOVA for p &lt; 0.05. The MyC provision increased the final BW (561 vs 545 kg, P=0.0465), ADG (1.66 vs 1.50 kg/d, P=0.0458), HWC (317 vs 308 kg, P=0.0492) and the average daily gain in carcass (1.15 vs 1.05 kg/d, P=0.0455) with no effect on DM intake. The use of Mycofix Select 5.0 provided better performance and greater carcass production in Nellore cattle confined with a high concentrate diet with a natural presence of mycotoxins.
PSVI-18 Effect of Processing Method and Severity for Hybrid Fall rye on dry Matter Intake, Ruminal Fermentation, and Apparent Total Tract Nutrient Digestibility in Ruminally Cannulated Beef Heifers
Authors: Pereira Murillo C , Johnson Jordan A , Brattain Rebecca S , Wehrle Herman , Penner Gregory B 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of processing method and severity of hybrid fall rye on dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal fermentation, and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility for beef cattle. Ruminally cannulated Simmental heifers (n = 8; 327±33 kg) were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square (21-d periods) balanced for carry-over effects with a 2×2 factorial treatment. Tempered rye [water added to achieve 80% dry matter (DM)] was compared with dry-rolled rye. Roller gap width of 1.23-mm and 0.8-mm were used for coarse and finely processed rye, respectively. This resulted in processing index values of: 80.9% for dry-rolled and coarse; 72.7% for dry-rolled and fine; 92.9% for tempered and coarse; and 88.2% for tempered and fine processed rye. Diets (DM basis) included hybrid rye grain (86%), barley silage (15%), mineral (6%), and dry distillers’ grain plus solubles (3%). Feeding tempered rye increased (P&lt; 0.01) DMI by 0.87 kg compared with dry-rolled rye, and feeding coarse rye increased (P=0.04) DMI by 0.33 kg compared with fine rye. Cattle fed dry-rolled and finely processed rye had greater (P&lt; 0.04) area that pH was &lt; 5.5 compared with tempered and coarse rye, respectively. Ruminal short-chain fatty acid concentrations and ammonia were not affected (P≥0.12). Feeding dry-rolled rye increased DM digestibility by 2.4% (P=0.02), and crude protein digestibility in 3.0% (P=0.01) compared with tempered rye. Starch digestibility was not affected by processing severity of dry-rolled rye, but increased from 92.8 to 95.9% for tempered rye with increasing severity (interaction, P=0.03). Rolling tempered rye at the same roller gap as dry-rolled rye decreases processing severity but may allow for a greater severity of processing without marked reductions in DMI and ruminal pH, while achieving similar total tract starch digestibility. When increasing processing severity (81 vs. 73%), dry-rolling hybrid rye may reduce DMI and ruminal pH.
PSVII-1 Effect of the Sequence of Feeding Forage and Concentrate-Based Diets on dry Matter Intake and Average Daily Gain of Growing Angus Bulls
Authors: Salisbury Carlee , Rathert-Williams Abigail R , Holder Amanda , Lalman David , Foote Andrew P 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of diet type and sequence on average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (DMI) in Angus bulls. Diets were concentrate (CONC; 58% dry-rolled corn, 18% Sweet Bran, 9% prairie hay, 5% alfalfa hay, and 10% supplement) and forage (FOR; 60% prairie hay, 30% alfalfa hay, and 10% supplement). Angus bulls (n=19; initial BW = 293 ± 10.3 kg) were placed in individual pens and assigned to receive FOR followed by CONC (FC; n=9) or CONC followed by FOR (CF; n=10). Cattle were transitioned to the respective diets over 21 days and acclimated to the treatment diet for 10 days. Each period was 56 days. BW was measured on consecutive days at the beginning and end and every 14 days during each period. Data were analyzed using a mixed model (SAS 9.4) including the fixed effects of diet, sequence, and the interaction. Diet was treated as a repeated measure. Pearson correlations were also performed within the treatment groups. There was a sequence × diet interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for DMI, indicating that the difference in diet DMI was smaller when cattle consumed CONC before FOR. The correlation of diet DMI was only significant in the FC group (r = 0.72; P = 0.03). There was a sequence x diet interaction (P = 0.02) for ADG, indicating that while ADG was greater during CONC feeding, the difference between the diets was greater for the FC sequence. The ADG:DMI ratio was greater for CONC (P &lt; 0.01) but was not affected by sequence (P = 0.96). These data indicate that estimates for DMI and ADG on forage or concentrate diets do not depend strongly on the sequence of feeding the diets, but the correlation of DMI and ADG between the two diets does.
PSVIII-10 In Vitro Incubation with a Bacillus-Based Direct-fed Microbial Improves Forage Digestibility Parameters
Authors: Pan Liyi , Harper Karen , Cappellozza Bruno , Copani Giuseppe , Queiroz Oscar 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Over the years, the use of direct-fed microbials (DFM) has been gaining attention and interest by beef cattle producers and nutritionists, due to health benefits associated with these solutions. Moreover, some bacterial strains currently fed to cattle are also capable of producing and releasing enzymes that might improve nutrient utilization in beef animals. Hence, we hypothesized that the incubation of a Bacillus-based DFM would improve in vitro dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility of ten forage sources (spinifex, buffel grass, Flinders grass, Queensland bluegrass, corn silage, lucerne hay, ryegrass, rhodes grass hay, leucaena, and Mitchell grass hay). Our objective was to evaluate the effects of incubating a Bacillus-based DFM on in vitro forage digestibility. Forage sources were incubated, in triplicate, into the media containing or not Bacillus-based DFM (Bacillus licheniformis and B. subtilis; 3.2 × 109 CFU/g; Bovacillus, Chr. Hansen A/S, Horsholm, Denmark) over a 48-h period. The DAISY-II fermentation technique was used with the buffer and nutrient solution described by Goering and Van Soest (1970). The DFM was added to the rumen fluid of treatment groups to simulate the dose of 3 g/animal per day and filter bags were used to isolate 0.5 g of ground forage samples. All data were analyzed using SAS. Inoculation of a Bacillus-based DFM increased overall mean in vitro DM digestibility in 8 out of 10 forage sources with improvements ranging from 6. 1 to 27.3% (P ≤ 0.01). Similarly, mean in vitro NDF digestibility was improved in 8 out of 10 forage types (P ≤ 0.01). In summary, incubation of a Bacillus-based DFM improved in vitro DM and NDF digestibility in forage sources of varying nutritional profile, demonstrating its feasibility to be used in forage-based beef systems.
PSVIII-3
Hy-D Increases Performance of Nellore Cattle Finished on Pastures with Protein-Energetic Supplement
Authors: dos Santos Diego Magnum Maifrede , da Silva Thomas Henrique Roque , Perdigão Alexandre , de Matos Isabelle E , de Carvalho Victor Valério , da Silva Aline Gomes , Fernandes Henrique Jorge , Acedo Tiago S S 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is an increasing pressure for technologies to maximize and improve productivity and profitability of beef production. The objective with this trial was to evaluate the effects of 25-OH Vit D3 on performance of finishing Nellore bulls grazing tropical pastures in the transition of rainy to dry season. Nellore bulls (n=240; iBW = 390 ± 8 kg; age, 20 mo) were equally distributed in twenty-four paddocks (2.4 ha) of B. brizantha, cv. Marandú (n=10 animal/paddock), grouped in four blocks (six paddocks per block) according to the pasture availability at the beginning of the study. Experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design, with 12 replicates (paddocks) per treatment. The treatments consisted of a protein-energetic supplement (Fosbovi Proteico-Energético 25, DSM, Brazil), provided ad libitum, with or without the addition of 25-OH Vit D3 (Rovimix Hy-D 1.25%, Hy-D), in a dose adjusted to ensure a daily intake of 1.0 mg/animal/day. The experiment lasted 92 days. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, animals were weighed after 16h of total fasting. At the end of the trial, 60 animals per treatment (five animals per paddock) were slaughtered in a commercial slaughterhouse with Brazilian Federal Inspection System, and carcasses were weighed to obtain hot carcass weight (HCW). Data were analyzed according to a complete randomized block design (paddock as the experimental unit). The use of Hy-D (Control vs Hy-D) increased final BW (457 vs 465 kg, P&lt; 0.01); ADG (0.733 vs 0.819 kg/d, P&lt; 0.01); HCW (247 vs 255 kg, P&lt; 0.01) and carcass yield (52.8 vs 53.7 %, P&lt; 0.01). Hy-D supplementation improved animal performance and increased carcass deposition of Nellore cattle on grazing.
PSVIII-9 Effect of Garlic Extracts on Galectin Protein Secretion in St. Croix Sheep Blood
Authors: Inupala Sreenavya , Jagana Sowmya , Pande Priyanka , Uzzaman Md Rasel , Mulumebet Worku 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of garlic extract on the modulation of Galectin protein secretion in sheep blood. Dietary supplements can influence innate immunity. Garlic (Allium sativum) and its derivatives are eco-friendly non-antibiotic, growth-promoting dietary supplements known to modulate inflammation. Galectins (Gals) are a family of animal lectins that bind β-galactosides. Secreted Gal modulates pathological processes and inflammation. It is important to define potential targets of Garlic for its applications in sheep health. Clinically, healthy adult, age-matched non-pregnant St Croix sheep (n=12) from the NC A&T University farm were divided into treatment group (n=6) and control group (n=6). Treatment group 1 was drenched with 5 ml garlic juice (Garlic Barrier (Glendale, CA) concentrate at a rate of 10 ml diluted in sterile distilled water 1:1. The control group was drenched with 10ml sterile distilled water for four weeks. The body weight, body condition, and FAMACHA scores were measured weekly. Faecal egg count was evaluated using the modified McMaster technique. Total plasma protein was analyzed using the BCA assay. Secretion of Gals 1, 3, 9 was evaluated using ELISA kits (My BIOSOURCE). Data were analyzed using T-test where p≤0.05 (SAS9.4 SAS Institute Cary NC). Garlic had no significant effect on FAMACHA ©, body condition score, packed cell volume, differential white blood cell count. Fecal egg count decreased significantly in treated animals in weeks 1(p&lt; 0.034) and 3 (p&lt; 0.003). Total protein, GAL-1 and GAL-3 concentration increased (p&lt; 0.004) in the treatment group. The concentration of Gal-9 decreased when compared to the control group. Garlic had no adverse effect and differentially modulated Gal secretion. Further studies are required to determine the health and production benefits of the observed Gal modulation using garlic in St Croix sheep.
Enantiomeric excess of amino acids in interstellar ice analogues-asymmetric photolysis of precursors by circularly polarized UV light
Authors: Sharma A 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Based on the results from UV-irradiated interstellar ice analogues, we describe a two-step phenomenological theory for enantiomer-selective, asymmetric formation of molecules like amino acid precursors: (1) UV photolysis of interstellar ices to molecular fragments/radicals and formation of racemic population of chiral molecules and (2) asymmetric photolysis of precursors by UV-circularly polarized light (UV-CPL), resulting in preferred growth of one enantiomer. Independent of specifics of step (1), when ice-analogue is irradiated with UV-CPL, enantiomeric excess of amino acids following hydrolysis is limited to |EEice(max)|=|(σ+ − σ−)/(σ+ + σ−)|, 0.5 times the anisotropy factor (g) for amino acid precursors (σ+/− is molecular cross-section for absorption of right/left UV-CPL light in cm2). For amino acids, the calculated EEice(max) ∼ 1 per cent agrees with experiments. Over small duration, EE is given by, |EEice(t)|=|(I+ − I−)(σ+ − σ−)|t/4, (I+/− is photon flux of right/left UV-CPL cm−2 s−1) which agrees with the observed dependence of EE on time-integrated flux of UV-CPL light. For ice irradiated with linearly polarized/unpolarized light followed by irradiation of residue with UV-CPL, |EEres(t)|=|tanh[(I+ − I−)(σ+ − σ−)t/2]| and can be much larger than EEice(max) for ice alone. When both ice and residue are irradiated with UV-CPL, EE = EEice + EEres and depends on the durations of irradiation for ice and residue. Similar analysis by assuming asymmetric photosynthesis of precursors as the underlying mechanism does not agree with experimental observations.
Measuring interacting binary mass functions with X-ray fluorescence
Authors: Dashwood Brown C , Gandhi P , Charles P A 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
The masses of compact objects in X-ray binaries are best constrained through dynamical measurements, relying on radial velocity curves of the companion star. In anticipation of upcoming high X-ray spectral resolution telescopes, we explore their potential to constrain the mass function of the compact object. Fe K line fluorescence is a common feature in the spectra of luminous X-ray binaries, with a Doppler-broadened component from the inner accretion disc extensively studied. If a corresponding narrow line from the X-ray irradiated companion can be isolated, this provides an opportunity to further constrain the binary system properties. Here, we model binary geometry to determine the companion star’s solid angle, and deduce the iron line’s equivalent width. We find that for systems with a mass ratio q &gt; 0.1, the expected Kα equivalent width is 2–40 eV. Simulations using xspec indicate that new microcalorimeters will have sufficient resolution to be able to produce Kα emission-line radial velocity measurements with precision of 5–40 km s−1, for source continuum fluxes exceeding 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1. Several caveats need to be considered; this method is dependent on successful isolation of the narrow line from the broad component, and the observation of clear changes in velocity independent of scatter arising from complex wind and disc behaviour. These issues remain to be proven with microcalorimeters, but this method has the potential to constrain binary parameters where optical measurements are not viable.
OCT4 interprets and enhances nucleosome flexibility
Authors: MacCarthy Caitlin M , Huertas Jan , Ortmeier Claudia , vom Bruch Hermann , Tan Daisylyn Senna , Reinke Deike , Sander Astrid , Bergbrede Tim , Jauch Ralf , Schöler Hans R , Cojocaru Vlad 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pioneer transcription factors are proteins that induce cellular identity transitions by binding to inaccessible regions of DNA in nuclear chromatin. They contribute to chromatin opening and recruit other factors to regulatory DNA elements. The structural features and dynamics modulating their interaction with nucleosomes are still unresolved. From a combination of experiments and molecular simulations, we reveal here how the pioneer factor and master regulator of pluripotency, Oct4, interprets and enhances nucleosome structural flexibility. The magnitude of Oct4’s impact on nucleosome dynamics depends on the binding site position and the mobility of the unstructured tails of nucleosomal histone proteins. Oct4 uses both its DNA binding domains to propagate and stabilize open nucleosome conformations, one for specific sequence recognition and the other for nonspecific interactions with nearby regions of DNA. Our findings provide a structural basis for the versatility of transcription factors in engaging with nucleosomes and have implications for understanding how pioneer factors induce chromatin dynamics.
CRISPRactivation-SMS, a message for PAM sequence independent gene up-regulation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Klanschnig Marco , Cserjan-Puschmann Monika , Striedner Gerald , Grabherr Reingard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Governance of the endogenous gene regulatory network enables the navigation of cells towards beneficial traits for recombinant protein production. CRISPRactivation and interference provides the basis for gene expression modulation but is primarily applied in eukaryotes. Particularly the lack of wide-ranging prokaryotic CRISPRa studies might be attributed to intrinsic limitations of bacterial activators and Cas9 proteins. While bacterial activators need accurate spatial orientation and distancing towards the target promoter to be functional, Cas9-based CRISPR tools only bind sites adjacent to NGG PAM sequences. These circumstances hampered Cas9-guided activators from mediating the up-regulation of endogenous genes at precise positions in bacteria. We could overcome this limitation by combining the PAM independent Cas9 variant SpRY and a CRISPRa construct using phage protein MCP fused to transcriptional activator SoxS. This CRISPRa construct, referred to as SMS, was compared with previously reported CRISPRa constructs and showed up-regulation of a reporter gene library independent of its PAM sequence in Escherichia coli. We also demonstrated down-regulation and multi-gene expression control with SMS at non-NGG PAM sites. Furthermore, we successfully applied SMS to up-regulate endogenous genes, and transgenes at non-NGG PAM sites, which was impossible with the previous CRISPRa construct.