bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modelling for Cornea Viscoelastic and Thermal Behavior
Authors: Ahmed Hassan M. , Salem Nancy M. , Al-Atabany Walid 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Corneal biomechanics is of great interest to researchers recently. Clinical findings relate them to corneal diseases and to outcomes of refractive surgery. To have a solid understanding of corneal diseases’ progression, it is important to understand corneal biomechanics. Also, they are essential for better explaining outcomes of refractive surgeries and their undesired consequences. There is a difficulty for studying corneal biomechanics in-vivo and multiple limitations arise for ex-vivo studies. Hence mathematical modelling is considered as a proper solution to overcome such obstacles. Mathematical modelling of cornea in-vivo allows studying corneal viscoelasticity with taking into consideration all boundary conditions existing in real in-vivo situation. In this paper, three mathematical models are used to simulate corneal viscoelasticity and thermal behavior in two different loading situations: constant and transient loading. Two models of the three are used for viscoelasticity simulation which are Kelvin-Voigt and standard linear solid models. Viscoelasticity simulation results show that standard linear solid model is efficient for describing the viscoelastic behavior of human cornea in both loading conditions. Results show also that the deformation amplitude obtained from standard linear solid model is more reasonable for corneal soft-tissue deformation with respect to corresponding clinical findings than that obtained from Kelvin-Voigt model. Also, temperature rise due to the ultrasound pressure push is calculated using bioheat transfer model for both the axial direction and as a 2D spatial map using the third model. Thermal behavior results estimated corneal temperature rise to be about 0.2°C, which conforms with FDA regulations for soft tissue safety.
Early Performance of ‘Star Ruby’ Grapefruit on 9 Rootstocks in a Fine-textured Calcareous Soil1
Authors: Timmer L. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) grew well on Texas sour orange and bittersweet orange (C. aurantium L.), Cleopatra and Sunki mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), Colombia sweet line (C. limettioides Tan.), and Troyer citrange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. × C. sinensis (L.) Osb.] rootstocks. Growth was most vigorous on Texas sour orange and Troyer citrange. Trees on Columbia sweet lime and Sunki mandarin developed problems with Phytophthora foot rot. Most of the trees on Christiansen trifoliate orange (P. trifoliata) and Swingle citrumelo (P. trifoliata × C. paradisi) developed severe chlorosis and died. Trees on Morton citrange were slow growing, somewhat chlorotic, and slightly affected by foot rot.
Factors Affecting Burrknot Formation on Clonal Malus Rootstocks1
Authors: Rom R. C. , Brown S. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Trunk protectors which reduced light (black polyethlene, perforated cardboard or 60% Saran shade cloth) applied to field grown Malus rootstocks (Mailing (M) 26, M 7 and Merton Mailing (MM) 106 an dMM 111) increased burrknot development. Root nodules and subsequent burrknots were formed in bud gap areas. MM 111 had the greatest tendency to produce large burknots.
Contribution of Fruits and Vegetables to Human Nutrition
Authors: Goddard Mary S. , Matthews Ruth H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Fruits and vegetables play a very significant role in human nutrition. The percentages of selected nutrients contributed by fruits and vegetables as a group according to the amount consumed per person per year are shown in Fig. 1 (10). Vitamins A and C are supplied in the largest amounts by this food group, however, the other 5 nutrients are also supplied in important amounts by fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables are indeed very low in calories, supplying only 9% of the total. These examples illustrate the 7 nutrients supplied in the greatest amounts from fruits and vegetables according to food disappearance data. Other essential vitamins and minerals contributed by fruits and vegetables are discussed later.
Nutrient Variations in Canned Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Hagen R. E. , Elkins E. R. , Farrow R. P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The National Food Processors, NFPA, (formerly the National Canners Association, NCA), has long been very active in the subject of nutrient content of canned foods. Nutrient composition research has been carried out in the NFPA laboratories located in Washington, DC; Berkeley, California; and Seattle, Washington, and through cooperative programs with member food processing companies and government agencies.
Nitrogen Deficiency Influence On Abscisic Acid in Tomato1
Authors: Daie J. , Seeley S. D. , Campbell W. F. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations were significantly higher in young leaves of N-deficient (stressed) plants of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) both at day 2 and day 7 after transfer to a N-free Hoagland's solution. In old leaves, N-deficiency significantly increased ABA concentrations after 2 days but not after 7 days.
Response of Tomato to Pre-transplanting Applications of Chlormequat, Daminozide, and Ethephon1
Authors: Pisarczyk James M. , Splittstoesser Walter E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat), or (2-chloroethyi)phosphonic acid (ethephon) inhibited the growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants for 2 weeks when applied at the 2-true leaf stage. All growth regulators inhibited leaf expansion but ethephon increased the number of new leaves initiated. Ethephon delayed flowering after the plants were transplanted into the field. Ethephon or chlormequat-treated plants produced yields similar to untreated plants. Daminozide at high rates increased yield due to a greater number of fruit per plant.
Inheritance of Resistance to Watermelon Mosaic Virus 1 in Cucumis melo L.1
Authors: Webb Raymon E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Resistance to watermelon mosaic virus 1 in derivatives of Cucumis melo L., Plant Introduction (PI) 180280, was found to be controlled by a single dominant gene. The gene symbol Wmv-1 is proposed.
Factors Affecting Evaluation of Foliar Damage of Chrysanthemum Cultivars by a Leafminer1
Authors: Schuster D. J. , Harbaugh B. K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
When cultivars of chrysanthemums, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. were evaluated for resistance to the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, more differences among mean leafmines occured as each flowered than when biweekly evaluations were made before harvest. Pinched plants at this time also had more leafmines than unpinched plants, probably because of the increased maturation time and, hence, increased exposure to the leafminer population. When cultivars were evaluated simultaneously after they all had flowered, pinched plants had fewer complete leafmines on 2 of 10 cultivars.
Effects of Light Intensity and Potassium on Leaf Stomatal Activity of Ficus benjamina L.1
Authors: Johnson C. R. , Nell T. A. , Joiner J. N. , Krantz J. K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Leaf diffusion resistances of Ficus benjamina grown in full sun were lower than those from 47% light exclusion. Scanning electron micrographs revealed 53% more stomata on sun leaves. High KC1 increased transpiration rates and foliar levels of K were increased in sun grown plants, but unaffected in shade grown plants.
Herbicide Effects on Sod Transplant Rooting of Three Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivars1
Authors: Shearman R. C. , Kinbacher E. J. , Steinegger D. H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bensulide [0,0-diisopropyl phosphorodithioate S ester with N-2-mercaptoethyl) benzenesulfonamide] at 13.6 kg/ha reduced sod transplant rooting of ‘Park’, ‘Merion’, and ‘Baron’ Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) when applied either to sod or sodbed. Prosulfalin [N-[[4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrophenyl] -S,S -dimethylysulfilimine] at 2.3 kg/ha applied to the sodbed reduced sod transplant rooting of ‘Park’ and ‘Baron’. Benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine) at 2.3 kg/ha reduced rooting of ‘Baron’ when applied to the sodbed. Sod transplant rooting of ‘Baron’ was significantly reduced by siduron [l-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea] at 13.6 kg/ha, oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropyoxyphenyl)-△2-1,3,4-oxadizolin-5-one] at 4.6 kg/ha, prosulfalin at 2.3 kg/ha, and benefin at 2.3 kg/ha when applied to sod prior to transplanting. ‘Merion’ and ‘Park’ were not influenced by these treatments. Regardless of herbicide treatment, ‘Baron’ had a lower sod transplant rooting strength when compared to ‘Park’ and ‘Merion’.
‘Vanguard 75’ Lettuce1
Authors: Ryder Edward J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV), has been one of the most destructive diseases of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in nearly all production areas of the world. One of the major goals of the USDA Lettuce Breeding Project in Salinas, California, has been to develop mosaic resistant cultivars. We began this program in 1959 with a search for sources of resistance. Three years later, we identified 3 resistant Plant Introductions from Egypt (3).
Some Significant Mileposts in Growth and Development in Pomology1
Authors: Thompson Arthur H. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seventy-five years ago U.S. pomology was caught up in a ferment which marks the ebb and flow of any great agricultural industry. The beginnings of great things to come were in sight, though perhaps unrecognized as such, while the end of other eras was at hand. San Jose scale was being conquered, while peach yellows had destroyed the vast peach industry which bordered the Chesapeake Bay, an industry which made Maryland the leading peach state for a while. The demise of the peach industry was followed shortly by runaway plantings of apples from the mountains of Appalachia westward to Ohio; curiously a similar overexpansion developed in Washington and Oregon as well at that time. South Carolina was just beginning to plant peaches, and it would be 20 years before Michigan would commence peach breeding at South Haven. New Jersey had supported orchard fertilization experiments for 20 years, other Northeastern states for nearly as long. Cultivars were called varieties, and there were great numbers of them in all commercial deciduous fruit orchards. The leading apple cultivar by far was ‘Ben Davis’, but Stark Bros. Nursery had owned Jesse Hiatt's apple for 10 years, and was well under way toward making the 20th century, the ‘Delicious’ century in American apple production. The first high density apple orchard was already 8 years old, this a planting of ‘Wealthy’ trees on seedling rootstocks, spaced 10 × 10 feet, at the Central Experimental Farm in Ottawa, Ontario. But this planting was an idea well ahead of its time, for more than 60 years would pass before the term “high density” would have any meaning in American or Canadian pomology.
Evolution of Fruit Nutrition During the 20th Century
Authors: Faust Miklos 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Orchard trees grow and produce in one place for 15 to 50 years. By the time they are bearing, they have extensive root systems and are able to exploit nutrients of the soil efficiently. How and when nutrients should be supplied to the tree distinguishes fruit nutrition from other branches of nutritional science. During the past 75 years tree-nutrition developed from an uncomplicated method of replacing used nutrients to the soil to an intricate science which requires the total understanding of the physiology of the tree and which is completely integrated into the management practices of the orchard. This review follows the changes which led to the development of “tree-nutrition” as we know it today.
Trends in Vegetable Culture: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Vittum M. T. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As one looks back over the past 75 years of progressive changes in vegetable culture and management, there is no doubt that mechanization is by far the most important, as well as the most spectacular, factor in greatly improved efficiency of production. But mechanization is inter-related with many other developments such as agricultural chemicals — including fertilizers, pesticides and growth regulators — drainage, irrigation, plant breeding, and seed production. Other reviewers are discussing trends and progress in vegetable breeding (30), nutrition (17), and growth and development (18). Although I cannot avoid overlapping some of the material to be covered by others, I will try to keep my remarks on subjects assigned to them at a minimum, and will try to emphasize other areas of culture and management.
Seventy-Five Years of Research on Growth and Development of Vegetable Crops1
Authors: Litzow Margaret E. , Ozbun J. L. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Research related to plant growth and development over the past 75 years has brought us to a point where the vegetable plants we grow today have been developed to fit the needs of the home gardener, the greenhouse grower, the large scale fresh market grower and the vegetable processing industry. Through this research, changes have come about that contribute to a better understanding of the basic genetic and physiological mechanisms that control plant habit, sex expression, flowering, and fruit type. These four broad areas will be covered to demonstrate the diversity and scope of knowledge concerning growth and development that has accumulated in the 20th century. This knowledge opens doors for further work on the major crops and for beginning work on crops that hold promise for the future. The flexibility and complexity of plants and plant processes allow us to look at plants the way we find them, envision them the way they can be changed to best serve us and plan our procedures for developing them for the future.
Flowers and Foliage: 75 Years of Papers Published by ASHS
Authors: Cathey Henry M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The origin of floriculture as a commercial enterprise arose from the practices developed by private estates and public parks. The motivation for excellence in crop production was for spectacular display effect at any cost. Fancy greenhouse structures were designed for growing plants which required labor-intensive techniques to bring flowering plants to the desired time of display. Secrets of growing were hoarded by growers. This was unlike the origin and the attitudes of other areas of agriculture. Field and fruit crop production evolved from a subsistence enterprise through barter or exchange to specialization and technological change. The nature of the origin of commercial floriculture was further handicapped in that its perishable products implied a limited need for duration.
Rapid Multiplication of Peach Clones from Sprouted Nodal Cuttings1
Authors: Robitaille Henry A. , Yu K. S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Clones of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were propagated from sprouted nodal cuttings made by undercutting sprouted buds 2 mm deep, from 5 mm above to 5 mm below each node when leaves were partially expanded. Rooting was greatest under mist when the basal hardwood tissue was dipped for 10 seconds in a solution of 100 to 500 ppm of indolebutyric acid (IBA) before insertion into a mixture of equal parts of sphagnum peat moss and perlite over underlying gravel. Rooting and transplanting success was equivalent to that for softwood cuttings without the problems of disease and late fall growth.
Effects of Daminozide, Ethephon, Pruning, and Seismomorphogenic Factors on Growth of Halford Peach Seedlings1
Authors: Kuitems Steven , Young Eric 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seedling treatment of Halford peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) with 2000 ppm butanedioic acid mono-(2, 2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide) or 50 ppm (2-chloroethyl)phos-phonic acid (ethephon) markedly reduced root weight and shoot height, diameter and weight. Short periods of low (11.2 kg/hour) and high (22.4 km/hour) velocity wind reduced shoot and root dry weight but only high wind reduced shoot height and diameter. Trees shaken 160 oscillations/minute for 20 minutes twice daily increased stem diameter, reduced height, and increased root dry weight.
Close Spacing in the Greenhouse Inhibits Lime Seedling Growth1
Authors: Nauer E. M. , Holmes R. C. , Boswell S. B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Seedlings of ‘Mexican lime’ (Citrus aurantifolia Swing.), planted 3 per container attained budding caliper of 0.6 cm stem diameter in 4.5 months from transplanting at wide spacing in the greenhouse, whereas plants in closely spaced containers had not reached caliper after more than a year. Closely-spaced plants were more variable in stem diameter when they reached budding caliper than were widely spaced plants. Retention of basal leaves was directly proportional to spacing and ranged from 77% for the widest spacing to 6% for the closest spacing.
Fumigation of Avocado Fruit with Methyl Bromide1
Authors: Ito P. J. , Hamilton R. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fumigated with methyl bromide exhibited varying degrees of tolerance to fumigation as indicated by the extent of skin damage, but fruits of all cultivaгs were affected. Fumigation damage during ripening was masked on dark-skinned purple to black fruit. The majority of the green-skinned types showed obvious fumigation damage.
Net Photosynthesis and Dark Respiration of Apple Leaves Are Not Affected by Shoot Detachment1
Authors: Barden J. A. , Love J. M. , Porpiglia P. J. , Marini R. P. , Caldwell J. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Net photosynthesis (Pn) rates of greenhouse-grown apple leaves were unaffected for at least 24 hours after shoot detachment. With shoots detached from orchard trees, overnight holding did not affect Pn rates nor stomatal resistance. Use of detached shoots for Pn and dark respiration (Rd) determinations in apple leaves was concluded to be a valid technique.
Growth Response of Apple and Pear Seedlings to Pear Soil Fumigation with Chloropicrin1
Authors: Koch B. L. , Covey R. P. , Haglund W. A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Growth of seedlings of apple (Malus sp.) and pear (Pyrus sp.) was significantly greater in 14 out of 19 chloropicrin-fumigated-pear sous as compared to the nonfumigated check soils. Increase in seedling growth in the 14 soils varied from 50% to more than 400% with both apple and pear. The lack of response of pear and apple seedlings to soil fumigation in 5 soils may be due to low soil pH, high soil arsenic levels and high soil phosphorous fixing capacity. Counts of plant parasitic nematodes (primarily Pratylenchus spp.) were generally low in all but one soil.
Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Induces Flowering in Dieffenbachia maculata ‘Perfection’1
Authors: Henny R. J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don ‘Perfection’ sprayed with GA3 in September flowered within 105 days or less. Inflorescence number per plant was greater at 500 and 1000 mg/liter than at the 250 mg/liter treatment.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Buchanan D. W. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This symposium sponsored by the American Society for Horticulturural Sciences and the American Society for Plant Physiologists is an effort to integrate plant microclimate and stress physiology research. The symposium was jointly organized by the Climatology and Meteorology and Developmental and Stress Physiology working groups. One objective is to discuss the proper instrumentation, its use, data acquisition storage and retrieval techniques for monitoring the plant microclimates and responses to changes in the environment, such as stress.
Plant Organ Chambers in Plant Physiology Field Research
Authors: Sinclair T. R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
With the advent of reliable and accurate gas analyzers, plant physiological performance can be observed by changes in the exchange rates of specific gases between plant tissue and the atmosphere of a plant organ chamber. This paper considers the use of plant organ chambers, in conjunction with environmental measurement and control techniques discussed in previous papers in this series, to do field physiological research. The use of these chambers has considerable appeal because, at least superficially, it is relatively simple to enclose a plant organ in a chamber and monitor its response. However, the appeal of these chambers is offset by the inherent limitations existing in their use in field physiological research. Three limitations that are discussed here are 1) artificiality of the system, 2) ambiguity in data interpretation, and 3) commitment required to obtain “adequate” information.
Leaf Petiole Epinasty in Poinsettias1
Authors: Staby George L. , Eisenberg Barry A. , Kelly John W. , Bridgen Mark P. , Cunningham Maria S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Endogenous ethylene levels and ethylene production rates increased in excised leaf petioles of plants that were previously bent due to sleeving of potted Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild. cvs. Annette Hegg Dark Red and Improved Rochford. Intact leaf blades were required during the sleeving period for petiole epinasty to occur. Storage of unsleeved plants for 66 or 70 hours under 4% O2 or 150 mm Hg enhanced epinasty and endogenous ethylene levels. Sleeved plants under these same environmental conditions exhibited an equal proportion of epinastic petioles as sleeved plants under normal conditions but the endogenous ethylene level upon removal from storage was highest in the 150 mm Hg treatment when compared to all other treatments.
Effects of Three Nitrogen Levels on Container-grown Acer rubrum1
Authors: Gilliam C. H. , Still S. M. , Moor S. , Watson M. E. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Container grown Acer rubrum L. ‘Red Sunset’ were fertilized weekly with 50, 150 and 300 ppm N. A second growth flush occurred on trees fertilized at 150 and 300 ppm N. Trees fertilized with 300 ppm N contained higher N concentrations in both mature and immature leaves as compared to trees fertilized with 50 ppm N.
Effect of Soil Fumigation and Alternate-year Seeding on Weed Control, Bacterial Spot Incidence, and Yield of Pepper Transplants1
Authors: Jaworski C. A. , McCarter S. M. , Glaze N. C. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In field tests conducted near Tifton, Georgia, soil fumigation with either a methyl bromide-chloropicrin mixture (67-33%, 480 kg/ha) or metham (748 liters/ha) decreased weed infestation and increased growth and marketable yields of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) transplants, compared with pepper planted consecutively without fumigation. Alternate-year rotation of pepper with rye also reduced weed infestation and increased yield. Weed control accounted for 81% of marketable transplant yield. Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Doidge) Dows. overwintered in pepper debris incorporated fresh or dried. Bacterial spot occurred too erratically to permit any conclusions except that the methyl bromide-chloropicrin fumigation failed to provide any control.
High Relative Humidity Promotes Tipburn on Young Cabbage Plants1
Authors: Palzkill D. A. , Tibbitts T. W. , Struckmeyer B. Esther 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Transplants of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group) grown in growth chambers under continuous illumination of 310 μE m−2sm−1 (21.5 ± 1.1 klx) and temperature of 20 ± 1°C developed tipburn-like symptoms on young leaves within 8 to 14 days when maintained at 82% but not at 52% relative humidity (RH). Plants had larger leaves and greater fresh and dry weights at 82% than at 52% RH.