bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A stress-based criterion to identify and control intersections in 2D compliance minimization topology optimization
Authors: Mishra Vibhas , Ayas Can , Langelaar Matthijs , van Keulen Fred 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTopology optimization typically generates designs that exhibit significant geometrical complexity, which can pose difficulties for manufacturing and assembly. The number of occurrences of an important design feature, in particular intersections, increases with geometrical complexity. Intersections are essential for load transfer in many engineering structures. For certain upcoming manufacturing processes, such as direct metal deposition, the size of an intersection plays a role. During metal deposition, slim intersections are more prone to manufacturing defects than bulkier ones. In this study, a computationally tractable methodology is proposed to both control occurrence and size of intersections in topology optimization. To identify intersections, a stress-based quantity is proposed, denoted as Intersection Indicator. This quantity is based on the local degree of multi-axiality of the stress state, and identifies material points at intersections. The proposed intersection indicator can identify intersections in both single as well as multi-load case problems. To detect the relative size of intersections, the average density in the vicinity of an intersection is used to penalize or promote intersection sizes of interest. The corresponding sensitivity analysis involves solving a set of adjoint equations for each load case. Numerical 2D experiments demonstrate a controllable reduction of penalized slim intersections compared to the designs obtained from conventional compliance minimization. The overall geometrical complexity of the design is reduced due to the promotion of bulkier intersections which leads to an increase in compliance. The designs obtained are more suitable for manufacturing processes such as direct metal deposition.
Amazon und der deutsche Paketmarkt: Wettbewerb oder Marktmachthebelung?
Authors: Bulowski Stefan , Kühling Jürgen , Zierke Oliver 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungAmazon ist der größte Onlinemarktplatzbetreiber in Deutschland. Zudem bietet es für Onlinehändler Logistikdienstleistungen an und gehört zu den größten Paketdienstleistern. Die Position als Onlinemarktplatzbetreiber bietet Amazon die Möglichkeit, seine Paket- und Logistikdienstleistungen mit Vorteilen auf seinem Marktplatz zu verknüpfen. Es könnte in der Lage sein, eine möglicherweise im Bereich der Onlinemarktplätze bestehende Marktmacht in die Paket- und Logistikmärkte zu übertragen. Die EU-Kommission hat jüngst ein Verpflichtungsangebot von Amazon erwirkt, mit dem eine unangemessene Begünstigung unter anderem der Marktplatzverkäufer, die seine Logistik- und Lieferdienste nutzen, verhindert werden soll. Es bleibt abzuwarten, inwieweit zukünftig weitere Eingriffe notwendig sind.
Gefühlte Inflation als Bestimmungsgrund der Spar- und Konsumstruktur von Verbrauchern
Authors: Krämer Andreas , Heuermann Daniel F. , Burgartz Thomas 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Inflationsrate hat im Euroraum zuletzt einen Höchstwert erreicht. Neben der amtlich gemessenen Inflationsrate wurde die subjektive Inflationswahrnehmung hingegen wenig beachtet. Dieser Beitrag füllt diese Lücke, indem auf Grundlage einer repräsentativen Befragung die subjektive Inflationswahrnehmung gemessen und diskutiert wird, welche Gründe zu einer Divergenz von gemessener und wahrgenommener Inflation führen. Weiterhin wird untersucht, welche Personengruppen sich besonders von steigenden Preisen betroffen fühlen und wie Haushalte ihr Konsum- und Sparverhalten an die subjektive Inflationswahrnehmung anpassen.
Die Entwicklung der Mittelschicht in Österreich und Deutschland
Authors: Kucsera Dénes , Lorenz Hanno , Nagl Wolfgang 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungWir untersuchen die Mittelschicht in Österreich und Deutschland, wobei ein besonderer Fokus auf den Veränderungen der vergangenen 20 Jahre liegt. Es wird gezeigt, dass sich die Mittelschicht in Deutschland und Österreich in ihrer Zusammensetzung hinsichtlich Bildung, Familienkonstellationen und Alter verändert hat, aber immer noch in beiden Ländern, in Österreich etwas mehr als in Deutschland, den Großteil der Bevölkerung umfasst. Anschließend analysieren wir die Bedeutung der Mittelschicht für den Sozialstaat beider Länder.
Entlastungspaket: Stabilisierung der Erwartungen
Authors: Hüther Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe sharp rise in energy prices represents a considerable structural risk to the German economy. Deindustrialisation has become a veritable threat. The government’s economic policy needs to establish positive expectations for energy costs in the medium term through interventions in the gas and electricity markets. As in the COVID-19 pandemic, politicians should give companies generous deferral options for income and sales taxes and partially reimburse advance payments. The elimination of the cold progression does not constitute a tax relief and does not contradict the support of liquidity-weak households with targeted transfers, as both measurements are necessary for different reasons.
Prognostic significance of comorbidities in patients with diffuse peritonitis
Authors: Špička Petr , Chudáček Josef , Řezáč Tomáš , Vomáčková Katherine , Ambrož Radek , Molnár Ján , Klos Dušan , Vrba Radek 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Background
Diffuse peritonitis is a severe disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. Therapy is fundamentally surgical. It is important to identify patients with a significantly worse prognosis and patients who may benefit from more aggressive surgical and postsurgical care such as NPWT (Narrow Pressure Wound Therapy) prior to surgery. We tried to identify a determining factor for higher morbidity and mortality rates resulting in a worse prognosis among initial data and patient comorbidities in order to focus therapy towards more aggressive surgical management.

Methods
In a group of 274 patients with diffuse peritonitis, we evaluated the type of peritonitis according to effusion, origin, surgery type, and the age, gender, and present comorbidities of the patients, and compared it with the overall mortality, morbidity rate, and duration of hospitalization.

Results
Patients without comorbidities had a significantly lower burden in both morbidity and mortality. We recorded the highest difference in mortality in patients with two or more comorbidities, with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, with malignancy and hypertension. Morbidity was found to be significantly exacerbated by the presence of two or more severe diseases, cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and hypertension.

Conclusion
We identified age, effusion type, and the presence of comorbidities as key factors for the prognosis of our patients—the morbidity and mortality rates were substantially increased in patients with two or more comorbidities, as well as by the presence of cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and hypertension. A more aggressive approach should be considered to improve the prognosis in these patients.
Numerical Analysis of Thermoplastically Welded CFRP Structures
Authors: Kreikemeier J. , Abdulkadir A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCarbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic polymers (CFRTP) are of particular interest to the aerospace industry. The possibility of thermoplastic welding as a joining method makes CFRTP an enabler in the pre-installation of systemic functionalities and cabin elements. This can be achieved by dust-free joining. In this work, thermoplastically welded joining zones are numerically analysed and evaluated for their failure behaviour. Finite element models for the evaluation of the peel strength (L-pull) are defined. In particular, the respective beginning of the damage as well as the damage propagation within the thermoplastic joining zone are of interest in order to identify the critical regions and to derive possibilities for design improvements.
Optimal climate policies under fairness preferences
Authors: Rogna Marco , Vogt Carla J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntegrated assessment models are tools largely used to investigate the benefit of reducing polluting emissions and limiting the anthropogenic mean temperature rise. However, they have been often criticized for their underlying assumptions, often leading to low levels of abatement. Countries and regions that are generally the actors in these models are usually depicted as having standard concave utility functions in consumption. This, however, disregards a potentially important aspect of environmental negotiations, namely its distributive implications. The present paper tries to fill this gap assuming that countries/regions have Fehr and Schmidt (The Quarterly Journal of Economics114(3):817–868, 1999) (F&S) utility functions, specifically tailored for including inequality aversion. By adopting the RICE model, we compare its standard results with the ones obtained introducing F&S utility functions, showing that, under optimal cooperation, the level of temperature rise is lower in the last scenario. In particular, the peak temperature, reached in 2155 under standard assumptions and one or two decades later under F&S preferences with, respectively, heterogeneous and homogeneous F&S inequality aversion parameters (αand β), is of 2.86∘C in the former scenario and of 2.65∘C and 2.67∘C in the latter two. Furthermore, it is shown that potentially stable coalitions are easier to be achieved when F&S preferences are assumed. However, potentially stable coalitions are far from reaching environmental targets close to limiting the mean temperature rise below 2∘C despite the adoption of F&S utility functions. The 2∘C target is almost achieved in all scenarios when the payoffs in the F&S utility function are given by the per-capita consumption rather than utility of consumption, with F&S preferences and heterogeneous F&S inequality aversion parameters leading to a peak temperature rise of 2.04∘C.
Untangling connections between challenges in the adoption of learning analytics in higher education
Authors: Alzahrani Asma Shannan , Tsai Yi-Shan , Iqbal Sehrish , Marcos Pedro Manuel Moreno , Scheffel Maren , Drachsler Hendrik , Kloos Carlos Delgado , Aljohani Naif , Gasevic Dragan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Potential benefits of learning analytics (LA) for improving students’ performance, predicting students’ success, and enhancing teaching and learning practice have increasingly been recognized in higher education. However, the adoption of LA in higher education institutions (HEIs) to date remains sporadic and predominantly small in scale due to several socio-technical challenges. To better understand why HEIs struggle to scale LA adoption, it is needed to untangle adoption challenges and their related factors. This paper presents the findings of a study that sought to investigate the associations of adoption factors with challenges HEIs face in the adoption of LA and how these associations are compared among HEIs at different scopes of adoption. The study was based on a series of semi-structured interviews with senior managers in HEIs. The interview data were thematically analysed to identify the main challenges in LA adoption. The connections between challenges and other factors related to LA adoption were analysed using epistemic network analysis (ENA). From senior managers’ viewpoints, ethical issues of informed consent and resistance culture had the strongest links with challenges of learning analytic adoption in HEI; this was especially true for those institutions that had not adopted LA or who were in the initial phase of adoption (i.e., preparing for or partially implementing LA). By contrast, among HEIs that had fully adopted LA, the main challenges were found to be associated with centralized leadership, gaps in the analytic capabilities, external stakeholders, and evaluations of technology. Based on the results, we discuss implications for LA strategy that can be useful for institutions at various stages of LA adoption, from early stages of interest to the full adoption phase.
Comparing approaches for selection, development, and deployment of extended reality (XR) teaching applications: A case study at The University of Newcastle Australia
Authors: Kluge Murielle G. , Maltby Steven , Kuhne Caroline , Evans Darrell J. R. , Walker Frederick Rohan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe use of extended reality (XR) technology in education offers many advantages for transferring knowledge and practical skills training at the higher education level. As a result, many Universities over the past 5 + years have undertaken pilot programs to both develop XR content and assess how to best implement it within existing teaching and learning systems. Unfortunately, very few of these efforts have included structured evaluation or documentation. As such, limited published evidence exists to inform processes and approaches that may assist or hinder broad scale implementation. This leads many Universities to unnecessarily commit significant time and resources to testing identical or similar approaches, resulting in repeated identification of the same or similar challenges. In response to this situation, The University of Newcastle, Australia decided to systematically document the approach for selection, development and implementation of four new virtual-reality (VR) teaching applications. The current paper contains a detailed intrinsic case study, outlining the process and critical elements that shaped the selection of suitable teaching content, software development, hardware solutions and implementation. Details are provided on how decisions were made, what components were considered helpful, challenges identified, and important lessons outlined. These findings will be useful to organisations and individuals as they look to develop pathways and processes to integrate XR technology, particularly within their existing training and educational frameworks.
Revisiting and interpreting the role of female dominance in male mate choice: the importance of replication in ecology and evolution
Authors: Harrison Lauren M. , Jennions Michael D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn many species females prefer to mate with socially dominant males, often because it elevates their fecundity by providing greater access to material resources or lowers offspring mortality due to superior male defence. Far fewer studies have tested whether males prefer socially dominant females. Intriguingly, an earlier study showed that when the sexes freely interact, male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) preferentially attempt to mate with dominant females. Here we replicate this study using a slightly modified experimental design to test the generality of its finding. In addition, we conducted standard, two-choice male mate choice trials to test directly whether males prefer dominant over subordinate females. Corroborating the previous study, we found that when a male and two females freely interact, males more often attempt to mate with the dominant female. However, males did not prefer to associate with (i.e., choose) dominant females in two-choice trials where females could not interact. We discuss whether greater access to males is a benefit of female social dominance, or an epiphenomenon of other benefits of dominance.
How Many Small Agglomerations Do Exist in the European Union, and How Should We Treat Their Wastewater?
Authors: Pistocchi Alberto , Parravicini Vanessa , Langergraber Guenter , Masi Fabio 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The European Union (EU)’s legislation on urban wastewater requires all agglomerations with a population equivalent (PE) above 2000 people to undergo a secondary (mechanical/physical and biological) wastewater treatment. Agglomerations below 2000 PE, though, fall outside the scope of the current EU’s legislation. As such, their regulation is heterogeneous across the various EU member states, and there is no systematic collection nor reporting of data enabling an estimation of their actual significance as a source of pollution for the receiving water bodies. Here we present a spatial model to delineate agglomerations in a GIS, based on population distribution and land cover. From the model results, in the EU, we identify 364,650 agglomerations with 2000 PE or less, housing a cumulative population of about 75 million inhabitants. We then calculate the organic matter and nutrient loads these agglomerations can discharge, assuming they presently undergo primary wastewater treatment, and the reduction of loads that can be expected under different treatment scenarios, together with the corresponding treatment costs based on a simple cost model. Using a conventional shadow price for the organic matter and nutrients removed, we show that all treatment scenarios show a benefit-to-cost ratio (B/C) above (or close to) 1. However, only a scenario of secondary treatment applied to all agglomerations above 1000 PE provides sufficient safety margins on the B/C. This suggests the opportunity to expand the scope of the current legislation down to agglomerations of this size, while addressing smaller agglomerations depending on their actual impacts on the receiving water bodies, through “appropriate treatments” defined by the local authorities.
Potential and limitations for monitoring of pesticide biodegradation at trace concentrations in water and soil
Authors: Aldas-Vargas Andrea , Poursat Baptiste A. J. , Sutton Nora B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPesticides application on agricultural fields results in pesticides being released into the environment, reaching soil, surface water and groundwater. Pesticides fate and transformation in the environment depend on environmental conditions as well as physical, chemical and biological degradation processes. Monitoring pesticides biodegradation in the environment is challenging, considering that traditional indicators, such as changes in pesticides concentration or identification of pesticide metabolites, are not suitable for many pesticides in anaerobic environments. Furthermore, those indicators cannot distinguish between biotic and abiotic pesticide degradation processes. For that reason, the use of molecular tools is important to monitor pesticide biodegradation-related genes or microorganisms in the environment. The development of targeted molecular (e.g., qPCR) tools, although laborious, allowed biodegradation monitoring by targeting the presence and expression of known catabolic genes of popular pesticides. Explorative molecular tools (i.e., metagenomics & metatranscriptomics), while requiring extensive data analysis, proved to have potential for screening the biodegradation potential and activity of more than one compound at the time. The application of molecular tools developed in laboratory and validated under controlled environments, face challenges when applied in the field due to the heterogeneity in pesticides distribution as well as natural environmental differences. However, for monitoring pesticides biodegradation in the field, the use of molecular tools combined with metadata is an important tool for understanding fate and transformation of the different pesticides present in the environment.
Graphical abstract
An analysis of human behaviour during aircraft evacuation situations using the AASK v3.0 database
Authors: Galea E. R. , Finney K. M. , Dixon A. J. P. , Siddiqui A. , Cooney D. P. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Aircraft Accident Statistics and Knowledge (AASK) database is a repository of survivor accounts from aviation accidents. Its main purpose is to store observational and anecdotal data from the actual interviews of the occupants involved in aircraft accidents. The database has wide application to aviation safety analysis, being a source of factual data regarding the evacuation process. It is also key to the development of aircraft evacuation models such as airEXODUS, where insight into how people actually behave during evacuation from survivable aircraft crashes is required. This paper describes recent developments with the database leading to the development of AASK v3.0. These include significantly increasing the number of passenger accounts in the database, the introduction of cabin crew accounts, the introduction of fatality information, improved functionality through the seat plan viewer utility and improved ease of access to the database via the internet. In addition, the paper demonstrates the use of the database by investigating a number of important issues associated with aircraft evacuation. These include issues associated with social bonding and evacuation, the relationship between the number of crew and evacuation efficiency, frequency of exit/slide failures in accidents and exploring possible relationships between seating location and chances of survival. Finally, the passenger behavioural trends described in analysis undertaken with the earlier database are confirmed with the wider data set.
Velocity field path-planning for single and multiple unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: McInnes C. R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have seen a rapid growth in utilisation for reconnaissance, mostly using single UAVs. However, future utilisation of UAVs for applications such as bistatic synthetic aperture radar and stereoscopic imaging, will require the use of multiple UAVs acting cooperatively to achieve mission goals. In addition, to de-skill the operation of UAVs for certain applications will require the migration of path-planning functions from the ground to the UAV. This paper details a computationally efficient algorithm to enable path-planning for single UAVs and to form and re-form UAV formations with active collision avoidance. The algorithm presented extends classical potential field methods used in other domains for the UAV path-planning problem. It is demonstrated that a range of tasks can be executed autonomously, allowing high level tasking of single and multiple UAVs in formation, with the formation commanded as a single entity.
Aerodynamic admittance of a two-dimensional body
Authors: Filippone A. , Siquier J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe unsteady load response in the frequency domain for a general two-dimensional body has been determined. Systems with one degree of freedom have been considered. The theory is based on the potential incompressible flow, and resolves around a mathematical treatment that starts from the theory of Drischler and Diederich. Admittance for the lift force and pitching moment (or side force and yawing moment for non lifting systems) has been calculated in closed form or numerically for aerofoils, swept back and swept forward wings, delta wings, and some ground vehicles (various car shapes) using sinusoidal and square gusts. Simulations have been performed for a wide range of gust speed ratios. The general features of the admittance function are discussed. It is proved that for some geometries there is an large number of frequencies that yield critical damping. These frequencies are generally very high. Comparisons with existing experimental data are good in the whole range of practical frequencies.