bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online HIV/STI Risk Test (ORT): A prospective cross‐sectional study among sexually active individuals in Germany
Authors: Skaletz‐Rorowski Adriane , Potthoff Anja , Nambiar Sandeep , Basilowski Miriam , Wach Janet , Kayser Arne , Kasper Andre , Brockmeyer Norbert H. 
Published: February 2022

SummaryBackground: Our goal was to develop and evaluate an anonymous self‐administrable web‐based test to determine risk for HIV/STI.Methods: The Online HIV/STI Risk Test was developed and hosted since 12/2017. 11,529 participants completed the test and 10,668 were analyzed. The test included multiple choice questions about sociodemographic data, sexuality, sexual risk behavior, HIV/STI testing. Participant data was stratified by gender and sexuality and analyzed.Results: 84.5 % were aged 18–39, 7.5 % < 18 and 8.1 % > 40. Males were 53.1 %, female 46.3 % and trans 0.6 %. 12.5 % were men who have sex with men (MSM). 59.1 % and 66.0 % of participants were vaccinated for hepatitis A and B respectively, but 75.1 % unvaccinated for HPV. Prior and repeated instances of HIV or other STI were higher among MSM. Yet, 61.4 % females, 70 % males and 55.4 % MSM had never tested for an STI. Although prevalence of > 3 sexual partners in the last twelve months was highest among MSM, condomless sex was greater among women. 34.5 % of males, 25.6 % of females, and 75 % of MSM engaged in anal sex respectively.Conclusions: The online HIV/STI Risk Test is a useful tool to acquire data on STI risk‐behavior for strategizing STI prevention, testing, and vaccination, thus improving sexual health.
Cutaneous Angiosarcomas: Molecular Pathogenesis Guides Novel Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Goerdt Lea V. , Schneider Stefan W. , Booken Nina 
Published: February 2022

SummaryCutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is a highly aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. Primary, spontaneous CAS (pCAS) and secondary, post‐irradiation‐ or lymphedema‐associated CAS (sCAS) are clinically, but also molecularly distinct. Myc amplification/overexpression is a characteristic, although not exclusive feature of sCAS, while loss of TP53 selectively occurs in pCAS. Detailed molecular analyses with modern multi‐omics approaches have revealed that both pCAS and sCAS exhibit considerable molecular heterogeneity. Affected genes and their molecular regulators including a plethora of microRNAs may serve as future drug targets. Furthermore, pCAS could be subdivided into clusters with high tumor mutational burden and/or high tumor inflammation signatures providing a rationale for the stratification of pCAS patients in future immunotherapeutic clinical studies. Development of novel treatment regimens guided by these molecular alterations, however, cannot fully keep up with the pace of their discovery due to the low incidence of the disease. Nevertheless, beyond conventional surgery and chemoradiotherapy, clinical trials investigating novel treatment options have been initiated including targeted therapies against VEGF and VEGFR1–3 such as bevacizumab and pazopanib, and β‐adrenoreceptor blockers such as propranolol. Finally, immunotherapies are being developed including immune checkpoint inhibitors pembrolizumab and nivolumab as well as anti‐RANKL antibody denosumab.
Effectiveness and safety of teneligliptin added to patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by oral triple combination therapy: A multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Lee Minyoung , Lee Woo‐je , Kim Jae Hyeon , Lee Byung‐Wan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the effectiveness and safety of teneligliptin over placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled by triple therapy.Materials and MethodsThis trial was a prospective, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. The 12‐week double‐blind period was followed by a 12‐week, open‐label clinical trial. One hundred patients with T2D who failed to achieve the glycaemic target (7.1% ≤ HbA1c ≤ 9.0%) with conventional triple oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) of metformin, sulphonylurea, and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor were assigned randomly 1:1 into teneligliptin and placebo‐teneligliptin groups. The primary endpoint was mean change in HbA1c level from baseline in each group at 12 weeks.ResultsFor a total of 99 patients (n = 51 for the teneligliptin group, and n = 48 for the placebo‐teneligliptin group), the mean age and duration of diabetes were 60.7 and 13.6 years, respectively, and HbA1c was 7.8% at baseline. At 12 weeks, the teneligliptin group achieved a significant reduction in HbA1c from baseline (−0.9% ± 0.6%, P < .001), with an intergroup difference of −0.75% compared with the placebo group (95% CI [–0.99%, –0.51%], P < .001). At the end of the 24‐week treatment period, both groups showed significant reductions in HbA1c level from baseline (placebo‐teneligliptin group, –0.8% ± 0.6% [P < .001], teneligliptin group, –0.9% ± 0.6% [P < .001]), without significant intergroup difference (−0.17%, 95% CI [−0.41%, 0.07%], P = .156). There was no significant difference between the groups in the rate of adverse events (placebo‐teneligliptin group, n = 3 [6.3%]; teneligliptin group, n = 11 [11.1%]; P = .550), and the safety profiles were favourable in both groups.ConclusionsThe current study shows that teneligliptin could be a valid option as a fourth OAD for the treatment of patients with T2D inadequately controlled with a triple combination of OADs.
Evaluation of the left ventricular systolic strain in hypocalcemic infants with two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Aboelata Shaimaa , Elmarsafawy Hala , Atwa Mohamed A. , Wahba Yahya 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroduction: Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a new emerging method for evaluation of the cardiac systolic performance. We characterized left ventricular (LV) systolic functions of hypocalcemic infants, and assessed the effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementations on LV systolic functions using two‐dimensional STE.Patients and Methods: A prospective controlled study was conducted in Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Egypt from 2015 to 2018 including 88 hypocalcemic infants (patient group) and 30 healthy controls. We subdivided the patient group into vitamin D deficiency group (n = 32) and normal vitamin D group (n = 56). All infants were investigated for serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and 25‐hydroxy vitamin D levels. Both patients and controls were initially evaluated for LV systolic functions using two‐dimensional STE. After correction of hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency, reevaluation of LV systolic functions was done for the patient group.Results: LV systolic strains were lower in the patient group than controls (p < .001). After recovery of hypocalcemia of the patients, we reported significant improvement of strains and significant reductions of the end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes of the left ventricle (p < .001). Global longitudinal and circumferential strains were lower in patients with vitamin D deficiency than patients with normal vitamin D levels (p < .001). The LV systolic strain improved after correction of vitamin D deficiency and hypocalcemia (p < .001).Conclusion: Two‐dimensional STE could detect and follow up early LV systolic dysfunction in infants with hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency.
Climatic niche lability but growth form conservatism in the African woody flora
Authors: Gorel Anaïs‐Pasiphaé , Hardy Olivier J. , Dauby Gilles , Dexter Kyle G. , Segovia Ricardo A. , Steppe Kathy , Fayolle Adeline 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClimatic niche evolution during the diversification of tropical plants has received little attention in Africa. To address this, we characterised the climatic niche of >4000 tropical African woody species, distinguishing two broad bioclimatic groups (forest vs. savanna) and six subgroups. We quantified niche conservatismversuslability at the genus level and for higher clades, using a molecular phylogeny of >800 genera. Although niche stasis at speciation is prevalent, numerous clades individually cover vast climatic spaces suggesting a general ease in transcending ecological limits, especially across bioclimatic subgroups. The forest biome was the main source of diversity, providing many lineages to savanna, but reverse shifts also occurred. We identified clades that diversified in savanna after shifts from forest. The forest‐savanna transition was not consistently associated with a growth form change, though we found evolutionarily labile clades whose presence in forest or savanna is associated respectively with climbing or shrubby species diversification.
Evolutionary and ecological patterns of scatter‐ and larder‐hoarding behaviours in rodents
Authors: Zhang Yongjun , Yu Fei , Yi Xianfeng , Zhou Weiwei , Liu Rui , Holyoak Marcel , Cao Lin , Zhang Mingming , Chen Jiani , Zhang Zhibin , Yan Chuan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractScatter‐ and larder hoarding are the primary strategies of food‐hoarding animals and have important implications for plant‐animal interactions and plant recruitment. However, their origins and influencing factors have not been fully investigated across a wide range of taxa. Our systematic literature search amassed data for 183 seed‐hoarding rodent species worldwide and tested relationships of seed‐hoarding behaviours with phylogenetic signal, functional traits and environmental factors. We found that the evolution of hoarding strategies was not random in phylogeny, and scatter hoarding originated independently multiple times from larder hoarding. Rodents with higher encephalisation quotient (relative brain size), omnivorous diet (related to dependence on seeds) and inhabiting lower latitudes were disproportionately likely to scatter hoard. Despite body mass’s potential relationship with competition through food defence, it was associated with food‐hoarding strategy only in a few families. Our results show the need to study the community and ecological context of food‐hoarding behaviours.
Comparability of microbiota of swabbed and spit saliva
Authors: Kaan Amke Marije , Brandt Bernd W , Buijs Mark J , Crielaard Wim , Keijser Bart JF , Zaura Egija 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn general, saliva is used for microbiota analysis in longitudinal studies, and several collection methods are being used. Using a robust sample collection procedure is important, as it may influence salivary composition. This study explored the comparability of the microbiota of swabbed and spit saliva. Twenty‐two females participated in this cross‐sectional study. The bacterial composition of the three saliva samples (swab collected by the participant (SW‐P), swab collected by the researcher (SW‐R), and spit (SP) was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The bacterial composition of the swabbed and the spit saliva was significantly different irrespective of the operator, and Shannon diversity was significantly higher in spit saliva than in SW‐P and SW‐R. The salivary microbiota of spit and swabbed adult saliva differs significantly. Research on microbial composition therefore requires collection of similar saliva sample types in all study participants.
Dental health care for children with Down syndrome: Parents’ description of their children's needs in dental health care settings
Authors: Stensson Malin , Norderyd Johanna , Van Riper Marcia , Marks Luc , Björk Maria 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA visit to the dental clinic may be challenging for a child with Down syndrome due to medical and oral health problems as well as communication problems. The aim of the present study was to explore how parents of children with Down syndrome describe their child's needs in the dental health care setting. In a survey concerning parental experiences with dental health care in Sweden, free comments were analysed with content analysis and resulted in five categories: “Need for continuity of care in dental health care”; “Need for dental health care professionals to have knowledge and expertise in caring for children with Down syndrome and other disabilities”; “Need for dental health care professionals to use a caring approach with children with Down syndrome”; “Need for the child with Down syndrome to be prepared to participate in their dental health care visit” and “Need for the child with Down syndrome to be given the same rights as typically developing children”. To support children with Down syndrome in an optimal way, dental health care needs to be tailored to meet the child's unique needs. In addition, dental health care professionals need knowledge of and expertise in the care of children with Down syndrome.
Seeing the person before the teeth: A realist evaluation of a dental anxiety service in Norway
Authors: Bryne Emilie , Hean Sarah Catherine Patricia Duff , Evensen Kjersti Berge , Bull Vibeke Hervik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPatients with a trauma history, whether sexual abuse or torture, or dental phobia, tend to avoid dental services due to severe dental anxiety. Subsequently, they experience poor oral health, lower quality of life, and poorer general health. In Norway, a specific service (torture, abuse, and dental anxiety [TADA]) targets these patients’ dental anxiety through cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) prior to dental restoration. By exploring patients’ experiences with TADA services using a realist evaluation approach, this paper aims to increase our understanding of how this type of service addresses patients’ dental anxiety in terms of its mechanisms and contextual factors. Interviews with TADA patients (n = 15) were analysed through a template analysis driven by context‐mechanism‐outcome heuristics. The analysis revealed that patients value a dental practitioner who provides a calm and holistic approach, positive judgements and predictability elements that lean towards a person‐centred care approach. Provided this, patients felt understood and cared for, their shame was reduced, self‐esteem emerged, and control was gained, which led to alleviation of dental anxiety. Therefore, our findings suggest that combining CBT with a person‐centred care approach helps alleviate patients’ dental anxiety. This provides insights into how dental services could be executed for these patients.
Tracing intuitive judgement of experts in fish stock assessment data
Authors: Schuch Esther , Richter Andries 
Published: February 2022

AbstractScientific advice is increasingly used to inform policy. Often, experts are asked to give advice when stakes are high, time pressure is severe and uncertainty looms. In such environments, decisions may be guided by instincts and priors, rather than reason. Yet, the extent of these intuitive judgements is unknown. We use a database of fish stock assessments to detect and quantify the systematic tendency to put too much weight on previous information, known as anchoring, in scientific advice. By exploiting exogenous variation in procedures and possibilities to vary model assumptions, we find consistent evidence for intuitive judgement. We find that anchoring is strongest if model choices are flexible and the fish stock is in crisis, potentially increasing pressure and stakes. By providing advice that is biased towards previous results, the stock assessments may be more robust but may also give a false sense of security as more drastic changes may go undetected.
Informal support and obligation contribute to fewer child behavior problems over time
Authors: Radey Melissa , Ledermann Thomas , McWey Lenore 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study used longitudinal data from a sample of low‐income mothers and their children to examine how informal support and obligation, or informal networks, contribute to children's behavior. We also tested the potential mediating role of maternal parenting stress.BackgroundMany studies document the importance of informal support for maternal stress and child behavior to offset the negative impact of poverty for low‐income families. Evidence suggests the importance of also considering the obligations that such informal support access may impart.MethodUsing data from the Welfare, Children, Families Study, a longitudinal study of diverse, low‐income, urban mothers in three cities (n = 2142), we used a parallel process latent growth curve model approach to examine how informal support and obligation contributed to maternal stress and child behavior.ResultsModels indicated that mothers with healthy safety nets, including informal support and manageable obligations, had children with fewer behavior problems, and parenting stress partially accounted for the positive effects.ConclusionsResults highlight the importance of considering reciprocity norms among low‐income mothers; one‐sided support or obligation can be problematic for both maternal stress and child behavior problems.ImplicationsResults suggest the merit of empirically supported interventions to teach relationship skills and facilitate healthy relationships among low‐income mothers.
Vertical distribution of fish in the deepest Brazilian reservoir
Authors: Porto Carina Patez , Casarim Ruanny , Prado Ivo Gavião , Santos Pompeu Paulo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDespite the large number of dams in most important rivers of Brazil, little is known about fish vertical distribution in neotropical reservoirs, especially deep ones. This study aims to understand how fish were vertically distributed in the deepest reservoir in Brazil, located in the Jequitinhonha River. Three areas of the reservoir were sampled quarterly using an echosounder. The deepest fish detected was at 115 m, but most were shallower than 25 m. Diel vertical migration of fish was detected, but not in all the sampling areas and campaigns. Fish distribution was determined by several limnological factors of the reservoir, but mainly by thermal variation in water column. These results can provide guidance for environmental and fisheries managers and ecologists to improve sampling techniques in deep reservoirs since vertical distribution and its relation with habitat use are determinant to propose management measures in similar ecosystems.
Long‐Term Assessment of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Attenuation at Petroleum Release Sites in California
Authors: McHugh Thomas E. , Beckley Lila M. , DeVaull George E. , Lahvis Matthew A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCurrently, there are over 62,000 petroleum‐contaminated sites undergoing remediation in the United States. Understanding attenuation rates for dissolved contaminant concentrations and factors that influence these rates is important to effectively manage these sites and move them towards closure. The GeoTracker and California Department of Public Health databases provide more than 15 years of groundwater monitoring results for tens of thousands of monitoring wells and public water supply wells in California. First‐order maximum concentration attenuation rate constants (kc‐max) were determined for sites with 5 or more years of monitoring data over the time period of 2002 to 2017. kc‐max values vary by constituent; across more than 5000 sites, the median kc‐max value ranged from 0.30 year−1 for methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE) (half‐life of 2.3 years) to 0.076 year−1 for naphthalene (half‐life of 9.1 years). A focused evaluation of remediation technologies at 50 petroleum release sites indicates that dissolved contaminant attenuation typically increased during the time period of remediation. Further, the analysis indicates that biodegradation is an important attenuation process even during periods without active remediation (i.e., periods of natural attenuation). There was little evidence of petroleum and fuel oxygenate impacts to public water supply wells. Overall, the analyses indicate that both remediation and natural biodegradation contribute to site remediation and that these attenuation processes have been sufficient to prevent widespread impacts to public water supply wells.
A critical analysis of research methods and biological experimental models to study pulp regeneration
Authors: Rosa Vinicius , Sriram Gopu , McDonald Neville , Cavalcanti Bruno Neves 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith advances in knowledge and treatment options, pulp regeneration is now a clear objective in clinical dental practice. For this purpose, many methodologies have been developed in attempts to address the putative questions raised both in research and in clinical practice. In the first part of this review, laboratory‐based methods will be presented, analysing the advantages, disadvantages, and benefits of cell culture methodologies and ectopic/semiorthotopic animal studies. This will also demonstrate the need for alignment between two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional laboratory techniques to accomplish the range of objectives in terms of cell responses and tissue differentiation. The second part will cover observations relating to orthotopic animal studies, describing the current models used for this purpose and how they contribute to the translation of regenerative techniques to the clinic.
Applying lean thinking for disaster responses: The case of philanthropic organisations
Authors: Mogotsi Keratiloe , Alagidede Imhotep , Saruchera Fanny 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDisaster response by philanthropy has faced numerous challenges flagged in the literature, including duplication of efforts, inefficiencies, waste, and inadequate goal achievements. However, there is little literature on how to organise philanthropic acts in the face of disasters. This paper assesses the influence of lean thinking in improving disaster response processes and sustainability. The paper further proposes a framework for applying lean thinking by philanthropic organisations. A mixed research methods strategy was employed with 212 staff surveys in Southern Africa. Twenty‐three in‐depth key informant interviews were also conducted. The results revealed that lean thinking succeeds with philanthropic organisations if a high level of management commitment, teamwork, and adaptability to change the organisation's setup exists. A framework is presented through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), tailor‐made for philanthropic organisations in Southern Africa. External and internal determinants were found to equally contribute to lean thinking's success in reducing waste and increasing value. Despite being limited to developing economies, this paper extends prior research on the lean application and integrates lean thinking in a philanthropic setting. Findings drawn from diverse countries imply that results may be reasonably generalised.