bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of encapsulated agents and stirring speed on the physicochemical characteristics of vacuum dried nutmeg seed oleoresin (Myristica fragrans)
Authors: Ananingsih Victoria K. , Soedarini Bernadeta , Andriani Cynthia , Konstantia Bernardine A. A. , Santoso Birgitta D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNutmeg seed oleoresin (Myristica fragrans Houtt) from nutmeg seed extraction contains active substances. However, oleoresins' active substances are commonly heat sensitive, so encapsulation is needed. Encapsulation is the process of wrapping particles containing active ingredients in a homogeneous or heterogeneous matrix that produces encapsulated powder. The objective of this study was to obtain the best combination of encapsulated agents' concentration (maltodextrin and whey protein isolate) and agitation speed on the physicochemical characteristics of nutmeg seed oleoresin encapsulated using a vacuum drying method. Encapsulation of nutmeg seed oleoresin was performed with comparative parameters, namely agitation speed (3000, 3500, 4000 rpm), maltodextrin (MD) concentrations (ratio of MD to nutmeg seed oleoresin = 2:4, 4:4, 6:4), and whey protein isolate (WPI) concentrations (ratio of WPI to nutmeg oleoresin = 6:4, 4:4, and 2:4). The physicochemical analysis consisted of trapped oil content, antioxidant activity, yields, water content, surface oil, water activity, and color testing. The physicochemical data were further analyzed by response surface methodology (RSM) to get an optimum formula. The best formula resulted from a process at an agitation speed of 3500 rpm and the addition of 4 g maltodextrin and 4 g WPI. That formula had a trapped oil content 10.23%, antioxidant activity 91.50%, yield 66.79%, water activity 0.55, moisture content 8.63, and color intensity L* 65.47, a* 7.90, and b* 19.57. This formula could be applied to produce nutmeg seed oleoresin powder with good physicochemical properties.Practical applicationsEncapsulation of nutmeg seed oleoresin by vacuum drying produced a more stable powder with longer shelf life compared to those in the form of nutmeg seed oleoresin. The viscous liquid of nutmeg seed oleoresin is prone to oxidation and degradation during storage. This encapsulated nutmeg seed oleoresin powder can be used as a food ingredient for different applications, that is, beverage, confectionery, bakery products, and soup seasonings.
Influence of egg storage length and orientation on hatching traits and spread of hatch in Transylvanian naked neck chickens
Authors: Abioja Monsuru O. , Ojoawo Henry T. , Akinjute Obafemi F. , Logunleko Mariam O. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEffects of egg storage length and orientation on hatching traits and spread of hatch were determined in Transylvanian naked neck chickens. Eggs (n = 640) stored in a cold room (16 ± 1.5°C, 75 ± 1.5% RH) in batches of 160 eggs each, for 1, 3, 5 or 7 days were used. Half of each batch was stored with a broad end up (BEU) and the other in a narrow end up (NEU). Eggs were incubated in a two‐stage incubator (37.5°C, 64% RH). Storage length caused a significant increase in egg weight loss (EWL; p < 0.001). Egg fertility (FERT) was significantly lower in 7 days than in 1, 3 and 5 days stored eggs (p < 0001). Dead in shell (DIS) was lower (p < 0.001) in 1‐day storage than in other lengths (p < 0.001). Hatchability of total (HSE) and fertile eggs (HFE) decreased (p > 0.001) gradually from 1 to 7 days, though 3 and 5 days were found to be similar. Hatching commenced earlier (p = 0.055) in 5 days than 1‐day storage. Incubation time at 100% hatch, hatch window and spread of hatch were not (p > 0.05) affected by storage length. At the end of the hatch, longer storage than 1 day caused 45, 45 and 15 min/day delay in hatching for 3, 5 and 7 days storage respectively. The chicks from 3 days storage (17.3 cm) were longer (p = 0.05) than those from 5 (17.1 cm) and 7 days groups (17.1 cm). Higher DIG and DIS but lower HSE and HFE (p < 0.05) were recorded in BEU than in NEU orientation. Earlier commencement of hatch (CH) was recorded in BEU than in NEU eggs. There were significant (p < 0.05) interactions between storage length and orientation in FERT, DIG, HSE, HFE, CH and hatch windows. To achieve HFE up to 70%, eggs could be stored for up to 7 days in NUE orientation but should not exceed 3 days in BEU orientation.
Similarities and differences across the underlying dimensions of social functioning in rural and nonrural cancer survivors: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Rivera Rivera Jessica N. , Borger Tia , Sizemore Yancey , Burris Jessica L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeFor cancer survivors, social functioning greatly influences other quality of life dimensions. While there is potential for differences in social functioning to vary as a function of geographic residence, few studies examine the social functioning of rural cancer survivors specifically. This study aims to help fill this gap.MethodsThis was an embedded mixed‐methods study where all participants completed a questionnaire, and some were purposively selected to complete an interview to gather more information about social functioning (ie, social roles, activities, network, support, and constraint). Participants (n = 93; 63% rural) were recruited through a state cancer registry and cancer care facility. Participants were predominately White, non‐Hispanic (92.47%), roughly half female (54.84%), and on average, diagnosed in the past two years (SD = 1.68), and 61.45 (SD = 10.87) years old.FindingsFew differences in the social functioning of rural and nonrural participants were found on questionnaires, though rural participants reported larger networks and more overall support. Across groups, common themes in the interview data were the experience of both social support (eg, instrumental support) and social constraint (eg, others minimizing participants’ problems or sharing their own negative experiences).ConclusionsThis was the first cancer survivorship study to thoroughly examine social functioning by geographic residence. Rural cancer survivors described some unique strengths, but major group differences were not apparent. All participants highlighted situations when others, even with good intentions, were unhelpful to them. Future interventions to improve social functioning could work to dispel the belief that cancer survivors should handle their cancer on their own.
Undoing Competence: Coloniality, Homogeneity, and the Overrepresentation of Whiteness in Applied Linguistics
Authors: Flores Nelson , Rosa Jonathan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractConceptualizations of competence that permeate applied linguistics systematically fail to account for the role of racialization in language learning and assessments thereof. To interrogate the racialization of linguistic competence, we first examine its discursive emergence in conjunction with the ideological construction of linguistic homogeneity as central to the naturalization of race within the context of European colonialism. We then track how ideas about linguistic competence took shape jointly with a genre of the human that is overrepresented as white, as well as how this particular genre of the human informed foundational conceptualizations of communicative competence. After analyzing relevant examples of how communicative competence has been taken up in ways that reify this racializing ideology, we end with an alternative conceptualization of the goals of language learning that focuses on the worldviews and lifeways of racialized communities to move beyond universalizing conceptions of competence as the desired outcome.
Estimating body mass of sperm whales from aerial photographs
Authors: Glarou Maria , Gero Shane , Frantzis Alexandros , Brotons José María , Vivier Fabien , Alexiadou Paraskevi , Cerdà Margalida , Pirotta Enrico , Christiansen Fredrik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBody mass is a fundamental feature of animal physiology. Although sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are the largest toothed predators on earth, body mass is seldom included in studies of their ecophysiology and bioenergetics due to the inherent difficulties of obtaining direct measurements. We used UAV‐photogrammetry to estimate the weight of free‐ranging sperm whales. Aerial photographs (23 calves, 11 juveniles, 55 nonmother adults, 13 mothers) were collected in the Eastern Caribbean and Mediterranean Sea during 2017–2020. Body length, widths, and heights (dorso‐ventral distance at 5% increments) were measured from dorsal and lateral photographs, while body volume was calculated using an elliptical model. Volume varied noticeably (12.01 ± 4.79 m3) in larger animals (>8 m), indicating fluctuations in body condition of adults and mothers. Volume was converted to mass, using tissue‐density estimates from catch data, animal‐borne tags, and body‐tissue composition. Average total body density ranged from 834 to 1,003 kg/m3, while the weight predictions matched with existing measurements and weight‐length relationships. Our body‐mass models can be used to study sperm whale bioenergetics, including inter‐ and intraseasonal variations in body condition, somatic growth, metabolic rates, and cost of reproduction.
Utilization of light‐emitting diodes for skin therapy: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ngoc Le Thi Nhu , Moon Ju‐Young , Lee Young‐Chul 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the dermatological as well as the esthetic potential of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) by performing a systematic review and meta‐analysis. From the electronic databases, 554 articles were assessed; however, only 31 studies were selected after manually screening and eliminating unnecessary studies. The potential effectiveness of LEDs for skin therapies was assessed by evaluating the standardized mean differences (SMDs) and funnel plots of this meta‐analysis. It was discovered that both red and blue LED lights play an important role in the treatment of acne vulgaris with an overall statistically significant SMD of −2.42 [−2.64, −2.15] and I2 = 17% < 50%. Additionally, other LEDs (e.g., yellow LEDs and near‐infrared devices) showed outstanding levels of effectiveness, not only in reducing the lesions of herpes simplex and psoriasis but also in improved skin rejuvenation with highly consistent analytical results (I2 = 0% and 33%, respectively). However, the analysis of LED‐based skin wound healing and atopic dermatitis treatments exhibited heterogeneity (I2 = 85% and 90%) due to the lack of unpublished articles. In conclusion, it is suggested that LEDs are useful for dermatology and could be potential candidates for future cosmetic applications.
Framing socioecological complexity: The long‐term evolution of multiple dimensions of desertification risk in Italy
Authors: Salvati Luca 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDesertification risk depends on the interplay of biophysical and socioeconomic drivers, among which climate change, soil depletion, landscape modifications, and biodiversity decline are key factors of change in Southern Europe. The present study introduces a diachronic analysis of desertification risk in Italy adopting a multidimensional approach based on four dimensions (ecological, economic, demographic, and administrative) assessed at three dates (1961, 1991, and 2011). These risk components were evaluated separately in Southern Italy, a formerly affected region (sensu United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification), and Northern/Central Italy, a nonaffected region in the country. All risk measures document how the divide between affected and nonaffected regions in Italy has gradually reduced. Because of local warming and rising human pressure, Northern Italy has recently displayed a level of desertification risk close to those observed in Southern Italy over the last 30 years. These results suggest a thorough revision of the national classification of risky areas, that may inform more specific mitigation and adaptation policies responding effectively to recent socioenvironmental trends and local (economic) dynamics. The intrinsic system's evolution observed at both regional and national level in Italy may be generalized to a broader European context. Our work finally documents the appropriateness of a multidimensional definition of desertification risk grounded on the joint analysis of ecological, demographic, economic, and administrative indicators. A comprehensive knowledge of socioeconomic patterns and processes of change contributes to more precise scenario modeling and design of integrated strategies mitigating desertification risk.
Public pension policy and the equity–efficiency trade‐off∗
Authors: Gustafsson Johan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper illustrates that the equity–efficiency trade‐off between a redistributive, Beveridgean, pension system and an earnings‐based, Bismarckian, scheme can collapse when accounting for labor supply effects on the extensive margins. I introduce a general equilibrium overlapping generations model with endogenous savings, human capital formation, and labor supply. The model is calibrated to an average OECD economy. The results suggest that allocating funds towards a Bismarckian pension system always reduces earnings inequality – and, in some cases, lifetime inequality – when compared with a Beveridgean scheme. However, the Bismarckian scheme crowds out more human capital in the economy following a higher steady‐state interest rate.
Genetic differences between suicide deaths and deaths of undetermined intent
Authors: Edwards Alexis C. , Ohlsson Henrik , Mościcki Eve K. , Sundquist Jan , Crump Casey , Kendler Kenneth S. , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionFew, if any, prior studies have considered whether undetermined intent (UDI) deaths and suicide deaths differ with respect to genetic liability for suicidal behavior or psychopathology.MethodsThe authors used Swedish national registry data to identify suicide deaths (N = 31,835) and UDI deaths (N = 10,623); sociodemographic covariates; and registrations for psychopathology. Family genetic risk scores (FGRS) were derived for each form of psychopathology. The authors used LASSO models to assess genetic and phenotypic differences across outcomes.ResultsIn the multivariate LASSO regressions, higher FGRS for major depression, bipolar disorder, and suicide death were associated with lower odds of UDI relative to unambiguous suicide (OR = 0.91–0.95), while those for alcohol and drug use disorders, ADHD, and criminal behavior were associated with higher odds of UDI relative to unambiguous suicide (OR = 1.04–1.12). When the corresponding phenotypic registration status for these outcomes was included in a subsequent model, the associations were attenuated and of small magnitude, but many remained different from OR = 1.ConclusionsAggregate genetic differences between unambiguous suicide decedents and UDI deaths are small, particularly when accounting for psychiatric comorbidity, but in some cases, statistically significant. These findings suggest that different analytic treatment of UDI deaths may be warranted depending on the research question. Replication in other samples, and using molecular genetic data, is necessary.
Aerobic high‐intensity intervals are superior to improve V̇O2max compared with sprint intervals in well‐trained men
Authors: Hov Håkon , Wang Eivind , Lim Yi Rui , Trane Glenn , Hemmingsen Magnus , Hoff Jan , Helgerud Jan 
Published: October 2022

Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) may be the single most important factor for long‐distance running performance. Interval training, enabling high intensity, is forwarded as the format that yields the largest increase in V̇O2max. However, it is uncertain if an optimal outcome on V̇O2max, anaerobic capacity, and running performance is provided by training with a high aerobic intensity or high overall intensity. Thus, we randomized 48 aerobically well‐trained men (23 ± 3 years) to three commonly applied interval protocols, one with high aerobic intensity (HIIT) and two with high absolute intensity (sprint interval training; SIT), 3× week for 8 weeks: (1) HIIT: 4 × 4 min at ~95% maximal aerobic speed (MAS) with 3 min active breaks. (2) SIT: 8 × 20 s at ~150% MAS with 10 s passive breaks. (3) SIT: 10 × 30 s at ~175% MAS with 3.5 min active breaks. V̇O2max increased more (p < 0.001) following HIIT, 4 × 4 min (6.5 ± 2.4%, p < 0.001) than SIT, 8 × 20 s (3.3 ± 2.4%, p < 0.001) and SIT, 10 × 30 s (n.s.). This was accompanied by a larger (p < 0.05) increase in stroke volume (O2‐pulse) following HIIT, 4 × 4 min (8.1 ± 4.1%, p < 0.001) compared with SIT, 8 × 20 s (3.8 ± 4.2%, p < 0.01) and SIT, 10 × 30 (n.s.). Anaerobic capacity (maximal accumulated oxygen deficit) increased following SIT, 8 × 20 s (p < 0.05), but not after HIIT, 4 × 4 min, nor SIT, 10 × 30 s. Long‐distance (3000‐m) endurance performance increased (p < 0.05–p < 0.001) in all groups (HIIT, 4 × 4 min: 5.9 ± 3.2%; SIT, 8 × 20 s: 4.1 ± 3.7%; SIT, 10 × 30 s: 2.2 ± 2.2%), with HIIT increasing more than SIT, 10 × 30 s (p < 0.05). Sprint (300‐m) performance exhibited within‐group increases in SIT, 8 × 20 s (4.4 ± 2.0%) and SIT, 10 × 30 s (3.3 ± 2.8%). In conclusion, HIIT improves V̇O2max more than SIT. Given the importance of V̇O2max for most endurance performance scenarios, HIIT should typically be the chosen interval format.
Hypoxic storage of donor red cells preserves deformability after exposure to plasma from adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Karafin Matthew S. , Field Joshua J. , Ilich Anton , Li Lang , Qaquish Bahjat F. , Shevkoplyas Sergey S. , Yoshida Tatsuro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRed cell (RBC) transfusions are beneficial for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), but ex vivo studies suggest that inflamed plasma from patients with SCD during crises may damage these RBCs, diminishing their potential efficacy. The hypoxic storage of RBCs may improve transfusion efficacy by minimizing the storage lesion. We tested the hypotheses that (1) The donor RBCs exposed to the plasma of patients in crisis would have lower deformability and higher hemolysis than those exposed to non‐crisis plasma, and (2) hypoxic storage, compared to standard storage, of donor RBCs could preserve deformability and reduce hemolysis.Study Design and Methods18 SCD plasma samples from patients who had severe acute‐phase symptoms (A‐plasma; n = 9) or were at a steady‐state (S = plasma; n = 9) were incubated with 16 RBC samples from eight units that were stored either under conventional(CRBC) or hypoxic(HRBC) conditions. Hemolysis and microcapillary deformability assays of these RBCs were analyzed using linear mixed‐effect models after each sample was incubated in patient plasma overnight at 37°CResultsRelative deformability was 0.036 higher (p < 0.0001) in HRBC pairs compared to CRBC pairs regardless of plasma type. Mean donor RBC hemolysis was 0.33% higher after incubation with A‐plasma compared to S‐plasma either with HRBC or CRBC (p = 0.04). HRBCs incubated with steady‐state patient plasma demonstrated the highest deformability and lowest hemolysis.ConclusionHypoxic storage significantly influenced RBC deformability. Patient condition significantly influenced post‐incubation hemolysis. Together, HRBCs in steady‐state plasma maximized donor red cell ex vivo function and survival.
Short-Term Solar Irradiance Forecasting Using CNN-1D, LSTM, and CNN-LSTM Deep Neural Networks: A Case Study With the Folsom (USA) Dataset
Authors: Marinho Felipe P. , Rocha Paulo A. C. , Neto Ajalmar R. R. , Bezerra Francisco D. V. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this paper, solar irradiance short-term forecasts were performed considering time horizons ranging from 5 min to 30 min, under a 5 min time-step. Global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and direct normal irradiance (DNI) were computed using deep neural networks with 1-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN-1D), long short-term memory (LSTM), and CNN-LSTM layers on the benchmarking dataset FOLSOM, which is formed by predictors obtained by recursive functions on the clear sky index time series and statistical attributes extracted from images collected by a camera pointed to the zenith, characterizing endogenous and exogenous variables, respectively. To analyze the endogenous predictors influence on the accuracy of the networks, the performance was evaluated for the cases with and without them. This analysis is motivated, to our best knowledge, by the lack of works that cite the FOLSOM dataset using deep learning models, and it is necessary to verify the impact of the endogenous and exogenous predictors in the forecasts results for this specific approach. The accuracy of the networks was evaluated by the metrics mean absolute error (MAE), mean bias error (MBE), root-mean-squared error (RMSE), relative root mean squared error (rRMSE), determination coefficient (R2), and forecast skill (s). The network architectures using isolated CNN-1D and LSTM layers generally performed better. The best accuracy was obtained by the CNN-1D network for a horizon of 10 min ahead reaching an RMSE of 36.24 W/m2, improving 11.15% on this error metric compared to the persistence model.
On the Influence of Nonlinear Inertial Forces on the Limit Cycle Oscillations of an Inextensible Plate in a Supersonic Axial Flow
Authors: Stanton Samuel C. , Choi Sung J. , McHugh Kevin A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Recent results in the literature highlight the impact of nonlinear inertial forces on the post-flutter limit cycle oscillation (LCO) characteristics of highly deflected structures in supersonic axial flow. The current investigation examines how the ability to passively modulate nonlinear inertial forces may alter the overall aeroelastic response. The structural model is a one-dimensional nonlinear inextensible plate subject to nonlinear aerodynamic forces in accordance with a new, geometrically modified third-order Piston Theory. For the linear aeroelastic case, we find that nonhomogeneous mass distribution elicits discontinuous increases in the critical Mach number for flutter and several flutter mode-switching phenomena that are not observed when mass is added homogeneously. The existence of several different flutter mode mechanisms as a function of a concentrated mass location leads to different post-flutter LCO amplitude behavior. This is found to transition the underlying nonlinear structural dynamics to either be stiffening (when lower-order modes merge) or softening (when higher-order modes merge), which in turn alter the influence of nonlinear aerodynamic forces. We also address discrepancies in LCO amplitude trends due to the nonlinear inertial forces previously reported in the literature.