bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of chemical and microbial control options for Pangaeus bilineatus (Say) (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) infesting peanut crop
Authors: Mbata George N , Li Yinping , Shapiro‐Ilan David 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe peanut burrower bug, Pangaeus bilineatus is a major crop pest of peanuts in the southern United States. Peanuts infested by P. bilineatus exhibit weight and quality losses and could be discounted by ≤50% of the prevailing market price. Control of this pest is difficult because it attacks peanut pods underground, thus rendering foliar pesticide applications ineffective. Integration of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes (EPF/EPNs) with chemical insecticides in the management of P. bilineatus was investigated as a potential integrated pest management containment tool.RESULTSThe nymphs were less susceptible than adults of P. bilineatus to EPNs. Comparison of six strains of both Heterorhabditis spp. and Steinernema spp. demonstrated that Steinernema carpocapsae (All) was the most virulent EPN, causing 75.54% mortality of P. bilineatus adults after 7 days postinoculation (dpi), whereas the mortality generated by the application of the rest of the nematodes ranged between 17.03% (H. bacteriophora ‐ Lewis) and 50% (H. bacteriophora VS). Application of imidacloprid by itself at ½FR (field rate) did not result in any significant mortality of P. bilineatus adults but application of chlorpyrifos at 1/8FR caused significant mortality (27.41–61.35%) at 7–14 dpi. However, combined applications of S. carpocapsae and imidacloprid resulted in significant mortality starting at 3 dpi. The interactions between S. carpocapsae and imidacloprid were synergistic at 3–5 dpi, but became additive at 7–14 dpi. Both chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid did not negatively impact the reproduction of S. carpocapsae.CONCLUSIONThe compatibility between S. carpocapsae and imidacloprid makes a case for the combination to be used for the management of P. bilineatus. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Zinc‐dithiocarbimates for the control of Hemileia vastatrix: a versatile alternative
Authors: Rabello Anderson Silva , Rubinger Mayura Marques Magalhães , da Silva Lucas Fagundes , de Oliveira André Henrique , Serrão José Eduardo , Albuini‐Oliveira Nathália Matias , Tavares Eder do Couto , Vidigal Antonio Eustáquio Carneiro , de Oliveira Marcelo Ribeiro Leite , Zambolim Laércio , Souza Rafael Aparecido Carvalho , Guilardi Silvana , Ellena Javier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of this work was to investigate the potential use of zinc‐dithiocarbimate salts to control Hemileia vastatrix, the causal agent of the coffee leaf rust disease, and to evaluate their toxicity towards Apis mellifera, one of the most important coffee plant pollinators.RESULTSZinc‐dithiocarbimate salts were prepared and fully characterized by infrared, proton (1H) and carbon‐13 (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analyses of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn). X‐ray diffraction technique studies confirmed the proposed structures. The salts inhibited the germination of H. vastatrix spores in vitro, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) from 12 to 18 μmol.L−1 and a 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) from 23 to 26 μmol.L−1. Zinc‐dithiocarbimate salts with the best in vitro results were selected for in vivo experiments with Coffea arabica var Caturra and with the pollinator A. mellifera. The results were similar to those of Mancozeb, a broad‐spectrum contact fungicide, with a good control of the disease and low toxicity to the honeybee.CONCLUSIONThe zinc‐dithiocarbimate complex salts have potential to control coffee leaf rust, with low toxicity to the pollinator insect. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pull the plug: Anti‐angiogenesis potential of natural products in gastrointestinal cancer therapy
Authors: Ai Yanling , Zhao Ziyi , Wang Hengyi , Zhang Xiaomei , Qin Weihan , Guo Yanlei , Zhao Maoyuan , Tang Jianyuan , Ma Xiao , Zeng Jinhao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGastrointestinal cancer (GIC), including gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, is a common malignant tumor originating from the gastrointestinal epithelium. Although the pathogenesis of GIC has not been fully elucidated, angiogenesis is recognized as the key pathological basis for the growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, and GIC angiogenesis is closely related to vascular endothelial growth factor family, hypoxia‐inducible factor family, fibroblast growth factor family and matrix metalloproteinase family. Recently, many natural products have shown a wide range of pharmacological biological activities against GIC. In this review, the effects and mechanisms of natural compounds on the angiogenesis of gastric and colorectal cancer were summarized. The results show that some natural compounds, especially gallic catechin gallate, astragaloside and curcumin, can effectively inhibit angiogenesis; the HIF‐1α/VEGF, COX‐2/PGE2, HGF/c‐Met and PI3K/Akt/mTOR are involved in these inhibition effects. This review examines the anti‐angiogenesis potential of natural products in the GIC treatment and provides clues to the development of vascular targeted agents.
Mesityl‐Appended 1,4‐Bis(β‐acrylonitrile)‐2,5‐dimethoxybenzene: Blue and Green Fluorescent Crystals from a Soluble Donor–Acceptor Molecular System
Authors: Hino Yuto , Hayashi Shotaro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBecause acrylonitrile‐phenylene‐based π‐conjugated molecules have highly rigid structures (or low structural flexibility), these molecules have low solubility in various organic solvents, including nonpolar and polar solvents such as hexane, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Alkylation or PEGulation strategies are useful approaches for designing highly soluble acrylonitrile‐phenylene compounds, but the number of good solvents is limited. Herein, we report mesityl‐appended 1,4‐bis(β‐acrylonitrile)‐2,5‐dimethoxybenzene including an electron donor–acceptor system. The molecule shows good solubility in various organic solvents, such as hexane, toluene, chloroform, dichloromethane, acetone, ethanol, N,N‐dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide, owing to the appended bulky mesityl groups. Spectroscopic measurements were performed in various solutions. The solvatochromic behaviour was investigated according to the polarity and affinities by absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopic analyses in various solvents. The acrylonitrile unit in the π‐conjugated structure allows rotation under ambient light. E−Z isomerisation was observed owing to its structural flexibility. This feature gave two fluorescent molecular crystals: blue‐PL Z,Z‐molecular crystal BC (minor material, CCDC 2108373, λem=473 nm) and green‐PL E,E‐molecular crystal GC (major material, CCDC 2108365, λem=508 nm). It is reasonable that the more planar donor–acceptor core structure of the E,E‐crystal shows lower energy fluorescence than the slightly twisted structure of the Z,Z‐crystal.
Typification of Adanson's generic name Pacoseroca (Zingiberaceae) and its implications
Authors: Bai Lin , Leong‐Škorničková Jana , Xia Nianhe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSince its publication by Adanson in 1763, the name Pacoseroca has been treated as a synonym of several genera of Zingiberaceae by different authors. It is currently treated as a homotypic synonym of Zingiber Mill. (≡ Amomum L., nom. rej.) in Index Nominum Genericorum. No binomial combination has ever been proposed in Pacoseroca, and the typification of this long‐forgotten generic name has never been undertaken. We show here that Pacoseroca is not homotypic with Amomum L. Instead, its protologue included elements that belong to at least three rather distantly related genera of Zingiberaceae (Aframomum, Elettaria, Renealmia), over all of which Pacoseroca has priority. Based on a study of the protologue and of Adanson's working methods, we typify Pacoseroca with Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas (≡ Amomum alpinia Rottb.), a species which is the best fit to a plant recorded by Marcgrave under the vernacular name “Paco seroca” and upon which Adanson based his generic name. A formal proposal to reject Pacoseroca will be submitted to uphold the well‐known Renealmia and to prevent new combinations for 82 species names currently accepted in this genus, which is widespread in Africa and South America.
Comparative wood anatomy and origin of woodiness in subfamilies Secamonoideae and Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Beckers Vicky , Rapini Alessandro , Smets Erik , Lens Frederic 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Apocynaceae subfamilies Secamonoideae and Asclepiadoideae have undergone several transitions during their evolution with regard to growth form and degree of woodiness. In this study, we present a wood anatomical overview of both subfamilies that complements previous work on the remaining Apocynaceae. Detailed microscopic wood descriptions using light and scanning electron microscopy were performed on 60 species that cover most Secamonoideae genera and all major woody Asclepiadoideae lineages. Our observations are in line with subfamilial and (sometimes sub)tribal delimitations. Furthermore, we present for the first time an overview of the estimated number of shifts from herbaceousness to (phylogenetically) derived woodiness in Asclepiadoideae, along with a derived woody species list with distribution and habitat information. In total, at least 168 derived woody species resulting from at least 28 independent woodiness transitions were found, with drought possibly being one of the main drivers of most of these transitions.
Conducting a Diversity Audit: Who is Represented in Your Classroom Library?
Authors: Koss Melanie D. , Paciga Kathleen A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the importance of and the steps to undertaking a classroom library diversity audit. It begins by situating the importance of the classroom library in children's development because literature can reflect and expand worldviews. Next, statistics of U.S. children's literature publishing and U.S. classroom populations are provided to contextualize the need for a diverse classroom library. The article then covers the four steps a teacher needs to take to complete a classroom library audit ‐ visualizing, completing the inventory, reflecting on findings, and developing next‐step plans. It concludes with a call to action for teachers to consider their responsibility as curators of diversity.
Performance evaluation of local honey bee race (Apis melifera secutellata) in the Metekel Zone of North Western Ethiopia
Authors: Shitaneh Esubalew , Arega Habtie , Getent Mezgebu , Bezabeh Amssalu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundHoneybee colonies differ in performance due to variations in their traits in terms of production, productivity and behaviour. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate the performance of honey bee race at their geographical location.MethodsA total of 20 honey bee colonies from traditional hives were transferred into frame hives and arranged randomly with enough space between the colonies. Colonies were evaluated for aggressiveness, hygienic behaviour, brood area, pollen and nectar stores, absconding and honey yield.ResultsThe results indicated that colonies were generally aggressive, and the majority of colonies at 2.3‐m away from the entrance reacted to the external body. They removed 95.7% ± 0.75% of the pin‐killed pupae in 24 h, and there was significant (p < 0.05) variation among the different observations. The average population of the brood was 24.925 ± 7.714 unit area of brood/hive during the honey flow period. Similarly, the area allocated for storing pollen grains could reach up to 11.46 ± 3.96‐unit area of pollen/hive. The swarming and absconding behaviour of the race was on average 3.39 ± 0.6, and 25% queen cells were found during the breeding season and dearth period, respectively. On average, the 8.85 ± 0.54 kg honey yield per colony per harvest on one honey chamber box was nearly similar to the national average (19.4 kg/hive/year) when harvested two times per year.ConclusionIn general, the Apis mellifera secutellata race is good in hygienic tendency and also performs well for honey yield under optimal management practices. The absconding and aggressive behaviour was high; the main reasons were extreme weather condition, and different pest and disease, seasonality of bee flora were the major ones. So, based on the current findings A. m. scutellata was predominantly available in the area and highly productive if well‐managed. On the other hand, we are recommended on dearth period management and on the height of shade bee colonies.
An incidental finding of numerous hypocellular nodules within a mandibular–sublingual gland complex sialocoele in a dog
Authors: Davenport Amy , Thompson Jamie‐Leigh , Cazzini Paola , Sangster Cheryl , Buishand Floryne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAn 11‐month‐old female Labrador Retriever presented with a 3‐month history of a progressively enlarging, unilateral, ventral mandibular swelling. Cytology was consistent with saliva, and the dog was referred for further investigations. Computed tomographic (CT) imaging was performed, and findings were suggestive of a left‐sided mandibular sialocoele. The dog underwent sialoadenectomy surgery of the left mandibular–sublingual gland complex. On incising the thick capsule of the sialocoele, the swelling was incidentally found to contain hundreds of 1.5–2 mm firm, spherical structures. Cytological and histological examination of the structures demonstrated that these were non‐mineralised, hypocellular, proteinaceous nodules. The nodules were not able to be identified on review of the pre‐operative CT scan. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of such radiolucent, proteinaceous nodules being present within a canine sialocoele.
Magnesium Complexes with Isomeric Pyrazol‐4‐ylidene and Imidazol‐2‐ylidene Ligands
Authors: Burnett Stuart , de Vere‐Tucker Matthew , Davitt Matthew , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Ferns Rochelle , van Mourik Tanja , Stasch Andreas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDimagnesium(I) complexes [{(Arnacnac)Mg}2], where Arnacnac=HC(MeCNAr)2, Ar=Dip=2,6‐iPr2−C6H3, Ar=Dep=2,6‐Et2−C6H3, Ar=Mes=2,4,6‐Me3−C6H2, react with iodoarenes in oxidative addition reactions. With iodobenzene, magnesium phenyl and magnesium iodide complex fragments were obtained, and from a reaction with 4‐iodo‐1,2,3,5‐tetramethylpyrazolium iodide, [MePZI]I, the pyrazol‐4‐ylidene complex [(Dipnacnac)MgI(MePZ)] was structurally characterised, alongside other products. The isomeric imidazol‐2‐ylidene complex [(Dipnacnac)MgI(MeNHC)], where MeNHC is 1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene, was prepared and characterised. X‐ray crystal structure determinations and DFT computational studies have been carried out to compare the related complexes. The results show that the MePZ ligand is higher in energy and more nucleophilic than its more common isomeric MeNHC carbene.
Synthesis of the Sterically Shielded Rhodium(I) Arene Complex by Cycloaddition of the Phosphorous‐Substituted Alkyne
Authors: Pototskiy Roman A. , Boym Mikhail A. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Perekalin Dmitry S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractReaction of two molecules of o‐diphenylphosphino‐tolane with RhCl(PPh3)3 produces the metallacycle complex with C4Rh(P3)Cl core. Further addition of tolane leads to 2+2+2‐cycloaddition and gives the cationic complex [Rh(Ph2P−C6H4−C6Ph4−C6H4−PPh2)]Cl, in which the metal is coordinated to C6Ph4 aromatic ring as well to two chelating PPh2 groups. The resulting bulky terphenyl‐diphosphine ligand with phosphorous atoms locked in cis‐position can be decoordinated from rhodium by a strong and non‐hindered ligand tBuNC. Peculiar structures of all the compounds were studied by the X‐ray diffraction.
Translating Distance Education Theory into Practice: Developing an Emergency Teaching Framework for a Caribbean University
Authors: Hill LeRoy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic compelled universities worldwide to address the issue of continuity of teaching and learning. The request for teaching and learning continuity took many by surprise and as such, many universities were unprepared for the rapid shift. The transition from face to face to remote teaching therefore required a quick, but careful consideration to the planning, design, implementation and evaluation of remote teaching and learning. Notwithstanding this challenge, it becomes necessary to ground decisions within theoretical contexts that support and advance effective remote teaching and learning practice. Theory is well established as a tool to shape the effective teaching and learning within the higher-education setting and while there are frameworks that support traditional teaching and learning, not much attention is given to distance education frameworks. This chapter therefore intimates reflection on the utility of distance education theoretical frameworks to advance and sustain remote teaching practice at a Caribbean university.
Transforming Emergency into Opportunity: Unleashing the Creative Potential of Student-Faculty Collaborations to Prototype Better Educational Futures in Response to Crisis
Authors: York Emily , Wilcox Diane , Stewart Jonathan , McCarthy Sean , Barron Kenneth 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis design case offers a response to the pandemic crisis that cuts across pedagogical, technological, disciplinary, and administrative boundaries within a university in an effort to foment mutual learning and change. A team of five faculty from different disciplines joined forces to imagine a new online course that could contribute to novel educational redesigns. Titled “The Future of Learning at JMU,” the course was sponsored by the university administration and presented innovative ideas to key stakeholders across the institution. Undergraduate and graduate students collaborated in multidisciplinary teams and worked with faculty to engage stakeholders from across the institution via interviews and participatory presentations. This constituted a novel learning partnership that radically reconceptualized a university course as a design space that can participate in transformational institutional change.
Teachers Co-creating for Teachers: Design and Implementation of an Online Teacher Professional Development Course in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ngeze Lucian Vumilia , Iyer Sridhar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs schools closed during the Covid-19 pandemic, different digital platforms were available for remote teaching. However, the majority of the school teachers were not trained on how to use different digital technologies to continue their teaching. Rather than waiting for technology experts to provide such training, one approach is co-creation, that is, to identify teachers who are adept at using technology in their teaching and mentor them to create materials for training other teachers. Co-creation is collaborative and is created by peers and hence easier for adoption. This chapter reports on a four-week online course developed by co-creators (teachers mentored by a trainer) for school teachers (course participants). The course aimed at introducing participants to different electronic and digital technology tools to engage students remotely. Selected teachers co-created the lessons, activities and resources, including guidelines, tips and procedures that participants could use while preparing their own lessons. Participants reflected on how the course changed their mindset in using different technology tools and how they were able to engage students during and beyond the course duration. A model to engage teachers as co-creators and co-facilitators of such training programs evolved.
Data-driven modeling for thermo-elastic properties of vacancy-defective graphene reinforced nanocomposites with its application to functionally graded beams
Authors: Zhao Shaoyu , Zhang Yingyan , Zhang Yihe , Zhang Wei , Yang Jie , Kitipornchai Sritawat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe presence of unavoidable defects in the form of atom vacancies in graphene sheets considerably deteriorates the thermo-elastic properties of graphene-reinforced nanocomposites. Since none of the existing micromechanics models is capable of capturing the effect of vacancy defect, accurate prediction of the mechanical properties of these nanocomposites poses a great challenge. Based on molecular dynamics (MD) databases and genetic programming (GP) algorithm, this paper addresses this key issue by developing a data-driven modeling approach which is then used to modify the existing Halpin–Tsai model and rule of mixtures by taking vacancy defects into account. The data-driven micromechanics models can provide accurate and efficient predictions of thermo-elastic properties of defective graphene-reinforced Cu nanocomposites at various temperatures with high coefficients of determination (R2 > 0.9). Furthermore, these well-trained data-driven micromechanics models are employed in the thermal buckling, elastic buckling, free vibration, and static bending analyses of functionally graded defective graphene reinforced composite beams, followed by a detailed parametric study with a particular focus on the effects of defect percentage, content, and distribution pattern of graphene as well as temperature on the structural behaviors.
Autoimmunity, cancer and COVID-19 abnormally activate wound healing pathways: critical role of inflammation
Authors: Gál Peter , Brábek Jan , Holub Michal , Jakubek Milan , Šedo Aleksi , Lacina Lukáš , Strnadová Karolína , Dubový Petr , Hornychová Helena , Ryška Aleš , Smetana Karel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent evidence indicates that targeting IL-6 provides broad therapeutic approaches to several diseases. In patients with cancer, autoimmune diseases, severe respiratory infections [e.g. coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] and wound healing, IL-6 plays a critical role in modulating the systemic and local microenvironment. Elevated serum levels of IL-6 interfere with the systemic immune response and are associated with disease progression and prognosis. As already noted, monoclonal antibodies blocking either IL-6 or binding of IL-6 to receptors have been used/tested successfully in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, many cancer types, and COVID-19. Therefore, in the present review, we compare the impact of IL-6 and anti-IL-6 therapy to demonstrate common (pathological) features of the studied diseases such as formation of granulation tissue with the presence of myofibroblasts and deposition of new extracellular matrix. We also discuss abnormal activation of other wound-healing-related pathways that have been implicated in autoimmune disorders, cancer or COVID-19.
Using virtual environments to facilitate refugee integration in third countries
Authors: Kirya Mark , Debattista Kurt , Chalmers Alan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractVirtual experiences (VEs) have significant potential to enrich emotional interactions, to encourage socialisation and improve communication. In education, VEs offer new approaches for delivering content. In this paper we consider the application of VEs for assisting refugees in Senegal to learn how to navigate the complexities of the UK health system; a substantial stumbling block for their integration into society and for their own health. Participants ($$N=122$$

N
=
122

), refugees awaiting to be repatriated, were exposed to material presented via three different media text, 360° videos and virtual reality (VR) across a total of seven different modalities. The experiment investigated specific attributes of the media that would facilitate refugees’ integration, such as knowledge received and retained, experience, usability and presence. The results show that interactive media, in particular VR, was significantly better across all tested attributes.