bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Drug‐Free, Hair Follicle Cycling Regulatable, Separable, Antibacterial Microneedle Patch for Hair Regeneration Therapy
Authors: Shi Yan , Zhao Jiaxuan , Li Hu , Yu Miao , Zhang Wenxue , Qin Di , Qiu Kaijin , Chen Xiguang , Kong Ming 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe development of painless hair loss therapy without side‐effect is challenging. The dermal papilla is the signal center of hair follicles and plays a key role in the regulation of their cycling. Activation of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) would promote hair regeneration. In this study, a separable microneedle patch comprised of chitosan lactate (CL) and exosomes (EXO) from adipose‐derived stem cells is fabricated. After insertion of the microneedle into the skin, the hyaluronic acid substrate dissolves fast and the swellable polyvinyl alcohol needles are retained. The EXO sustainedly released from needles can be endocytosed by DPCs and promote cell proliferation via the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, while the L‐lactate released by CL can promote cell growth by activating lactate dehydrogenase. CL and EXO synergetically facilitate hair regeneration through regulating hair follicle cycling. In animal tests, compared with topical administration of minoxidil, the drug‐free microneedle patches can more significantly promote hair regeneration within 7 days with lower dosing frequency. Furthermore, the inherent antibacterial properties of CL make it possible to avoid potential infection. Such transdermally administrated drug‐free microneedle patches provide a simple, safe, and efficient strategy for hair loss treatment and exhibit great potential in clinical application.
Tactile Near‐Sensor Analogue Computing for Ultrafast Responsive Artificial Skin
Authors: Wang Ming , Tu Jiaqi , Huang Zhangcheng , Wang Ting , Liu Zhihua , Zhang Feilong , Li Wenlong , He Ke , Pan Liang , Zhang Xumeng , Feng Xue , Liu Qi , Liu Ming , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUltrafast artificial skin enables unprecedented tactile internet applications in prosthetics, robotics, and human–machine interactions. However, current artificial skin systems that rely on front‐end interface electronics typically perform redundant data transfer and analogue‐to‐digital conversions for decision‐making, causing long latency (milliseconds). Here, a near‐sensor analogue computing system based on a flexible memristor array for artificial skin applications is reported. This system, which seamlessly integrates a tactile sensor array with a flexible hafnium oxide memristor array, can simultaneously sense and compute raw multiple analogue pressure signals without interface electronics. As a proof‐of‐concept, the system is used for real‐time noise reduction and edge detection of tactile stimuli. One sensing–computing operation of this system takes about 400 ns and consumes on average 1000 times less power than a conventional interface electronic system. The results demonstrate that near‐sensor analogue computing offers an ultrafast and energy‐efficient route to large‐scale artificial skin systems.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Bi2Te3‐Based Micro–Nano Fibers via Thermal Drawing and Interfacial Engineering
Authors: Sun Min , Tang Guowu , Wang Hanfu , Zhang Ting , Zhang Pengyu , Han Bin , Yang Ming , Zhang Hang , Chen Yicong , Chen Jun , Zhu Qingfeng , Li Jiangyu , Chen Dongdan , Gan Jiulin , Qian Qi , Yang Zhongmin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance thermoelectric (TE) materials with great flexibility and stability are urgently needed to efficiently convert heat energy into electrical power. Recently, intrinsically crystalline, mechanically stable, and flexible inorganic TE fibers that show TE properties comparable to their bulk counterparts have been of interest to researchers. Despite remarkable progress in moving TE fibers toward room‐temperature TE conversion, the figure‐of‐merit value (ZT) and bending stability still need enhancement. Herein, interfacial‐engineering‐enhanced TE properties of micro–nano polycrystalline TE fibers fabricated by thermally drawing Bi2Te3‐based bulks in a glass‐fiber template are reported. The interfacial engineering effect comes from generating stress‐induced oriented nanocrystals to increase electrical conductivity and producing strain‐distorted interfaces to decrease thermal conductivity. The 4 µm‐diameter fibers achieve a 40% higher ZT (≈1.4 at 300 K) than their bulk counterparts and show a reversible bending radius of 50 µm, approaching the theoretical elastic limit. This fabrication strategy works for a wide range of inorganic TE materials and benefits the development of fiber‐based micro‐TE devices.
Electroconductive, Adhesive, Non‐Swelling, and Viscoelastic Hydrogels for Bioelectronics
Authors: Han Im Kyung , Song Kang‐Il , Jung Sang‐Mun , Jo Yeonggwon , Kwon Jaesub , Chung Taehun , Yoo Surim , Jang Jinah , Kim Yong‐Tae , Hwang Dong Soo , Kim Youn Soo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs a new class of materials, implantable flexible electrical conductors have recently been developed and applied to bioelectronics. An ideal electrical conductor requires high conductivity, tissue‐like mechanical properties, low toxicity, reliable adhesion to biological tissues, and the ability to maintain its shape in wet physiological environments. Despite significant advances, electrical conductors that satisfy all these requirements are insufficient. Herein, a facile method for manufacturing a new conductive hydrogels through the simultaneous exfoliation of graphite and polymerization of zwitterionic monomers triggered by microwave irradiation is introduced. The mechanical properties of the obtained conductive hydrogel are similar to those of living tissue, which is ideal as a bionic adhesive for minimizing contact damage due to mechanical mismatches between hard electronics and soft tissues. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent adhesion performance, electrical conductivity, non‐swelling, and high conformability in water. Excellent biocompatibility of the hydrogel is confirmed through a cytotoxicity test using C2C12 cells, a biocompatibility test on rat tissues, and their histological analysis. The hydrogel is then implanted into the sciatic nerve of a rat and neuromodulation is demonstrated through low‐current electrical stimulation. This hydrogel demonstrates a tissue‐like extraneuronal electrode, which possesses high conformability to improve the tissue–electronics interfaces, promising next‐generation bioelectronics applications.
Highly Sensitive Photoelectric Detection and Imaging Enhanced by the Pyro‐Phototronic Effect Based on a Photoinduced Dynamic Schottky Effect in 4H‐SiC
Authors: Zhang Yueming , Wang Yi‐Chi , Wang Longfei , Zhu Laipan , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC), one of the third‐generation semiconductor materials with excellent electrical and optoelectronic properties, is ideal for high light‐sensing performance. Here, a self‐powered SiC ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) is constructed with wider applicability and higher commercialization potential. The great performance of the PD is realized by a remarkable photoinduced dynamic Schottky effect derived from the symbiotic modulation of Schottky and Ohmic contact. Using the pyro‐phototronic effect that exists in the N‐doped 4H‐SiC single crystal PDs, a fast pyroelectric response time of 0.27 s is achieved, which is almost ten times shorter than that obtained from the steady‐state signal under UV illumination. The maximal transient photoresponsivity reaches 9.12 nA mW−1, which is ≈20% higher than the conventional photoelectric signal. Moreover, different regions of the 4H‐SiC centimeter‐scale chip output distinct signals under UV illumination, demonstrating efficient optical imaging and information transmission capabilities of this device. This work not only reveals the fundamental optoelectronic physics lying in this vital third‐generation semiconductor, but also sheds light on its potential photosensing applications for large‐scale commercialization.
Nickel‐Catalysis Enabling α‐Alkylation of Ketones by Secondary Alcohols
Authors: Bains Amreen K , Biswas Ayanangshu , Kundu Abhishek , Adhikari Debashis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe α‐alkylation of ketones utilizing a secondary alcohol has been accomplished by an isolable, bench‐stable, inexpensive nickel catalyst affording high yields of β,β‐disubstituted products. This report contributes a nickel catalyst in the pool of a few scarce examples of base metal discovered for this purpose. The substrate scope can span a wide range including aliphatic, alicyclic, and cyclic secondary alcohols. Functionalization of a cholesterol molecule is also possible following this methodology. The catalyst can interconvert between azo and hydrazo form in a reversible fashion to enable this chemical transformation.magnified image
A Neuroimaging Signature of Cognitive Aging from Whole‐Brain Functional Connectivity
Authors: Jiang Rongtao , Scheinost Dustin , Zuo Nianming , Wu Jing , Qi Shile , Liang Qinghao , Zhi Dongmei , Luo Na , Chung Young‐Chul , Liu Sha , Xu Yong , Sui Jing , Calhoun Vince 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCognitive decline is amongst one of the most commonly reported complaints during normal aging. Despite evidence that age and cognition are linked with similar neural correlates, no previous studies have directly ascertained how these two constructs overlap in the brain in terms of neuroimaging‐based prediction. Based on a long lifespan healthy cohort (CamCAN, aged 19–89 years, n = 567), it is shown that both cognitive function (domains spanning executive function, emotion processing, motor function, and memory) and human age can be reliably predicted from unique patterns of functional connectivity, with models generalizable in two external datasets (n = 533 and n = 453). Results show that cognitive decline and normal aging both manifest decrease within‐network connections (especially default mode and ventral attention networks) and increase between‐network connections (somatomotor network). Whereas dorsal attention network is an exception, which is highly predictive on cognitive ability but is weakly correlated with aging. Further, the positively weighted connections in predicting fluid intelligence significantly mediate its association with age. Together, these findings offer insights into why normal aging is often associated with cognitive decline in terms of brain network organization, indicating a process of neural dedifferentiation and compensational theory.
Synthesis of Bifunctional Phosphonium Salts Bearing Perfluorinated Side Chains and Their Application in the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and CO2
Authors: Ren Changyue , Spannenberg Anke , Werner Thomas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of three bifunctional phosphonium salts bearing perfluorinated side chains is reported. These compounds were employed as catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2. The most efficient catalyst comprised a phenolic substructure and allowed the synthesis of various carbonates at room temperature and a CO2 pressure as low as 0.1 MPa. The reaction could be performed in perfluorodecalin which in some cases led to improved yields and facilitated the separation of the catalyst. Furthermore, the isolation from the reaction mixture and recyclability of two catalysts was evaluated. However, the activity of the recycled catalysts gradually decreases due to partial decomposition. In total 16 cyclic carbonates were prepared in yields up to 97%.
Manipulation and Improvement of Autofocusing Properties for Circular Butterfly Beams
Authors: Cai Yiming , Hu Juntao , Sun Zhuo , Lan Yanping , Teng Houan , Qian Yixian 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA new class of (2+1)‐dimensional circular butterfly beams (CBBs) is first demonstrated based on high‐dimensional butterfly catastrophes. The intensity of CBBs increases abruptly by two orders of magnitude right before they propagate to the focal plane, implying that they possess an abruptly autofocusing (AAF) ability induced by accelerating properties. The autofocusing performance can be further improved by introducing vortices. Owing to the flexibility of high‐dimensional catastrophes, butterfly beams exhibit diverse optical light structures; thus, the focal length, focal intensity, and light field structures of CBBs are tunable. Experimental results are consistent with numerical findings. Therefore, CBBs enrich the family of AAF beams and will be advantageous for optical micromachining, medical treatments, optical tweezers, and nonlinear processes.
Reductive Cross‐Coupling of α‐Oxy Halides Enabled by Thermal Catalysis, Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, or Mechanochemistry
Authors: Zhu Chen , Lee Shao‐Chi , Chen Haifeng , Yue Huifeng , Rueping Magnus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHerein, we report a reductive cross‐coupling reaction of α‐oxy halides, simply generated from aldehydes, with a series of C(sp2)‐ and C(sp)‐electrophiles. A wide range of aryl and heteroatom aryl halides, vinyl bromides, alkynyl bromides, and acyl chlorides react with unhindered and hindered aldehyde‐derived α‐oxy halides by providing protected alcohols as well as α‐hydroxy ketones. Noteworthy, the reductive couplings are achieved not only through thermal catalysis with the use of metal reductants but also by photocatalysis, electrochemistry, and mechanochemistry. The unrestricted interchange of the four strategies indicates their underlying mechanistic similarities. The generation of NiI intermediate is proposed to be the key point for ketyl radical formation via a single‐electron transfer (SET) event, which was rationalized by an array of control experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Green synthesized plasmonic Pd–ZnO nanomaterials for visible light‐induced photobiogas production from industrial wastewater
Authors: Mbrouk Omar A. , Fawzy Mohamed , Elshafey Heba M. , Saif Mona , Hafez Hoda , Abdel Mottaleb Mohamed Sabry A. 
Published: July 2022

Plasmonic Pd–ZnO nano photocatalysts synthesized via a green chemistry approach represent an innovation of visible‐light‐induced photocatalysis that can be applied for photobiogas production from organic dye pollutants. Different plasmonic Pd–ZnO nanophotocatalysts have been synthesized via green microwave‐assisted methods using orange peel extract as a capping agent by adding different proportions (3, 5, and 7 wt%) from Pd‐metal plasmons. This fast and green innovative method anchored well distribution of Pd‐metal plasmons (2‐5 nm) on the surface of ZnO (17–27 nm). XRD has investigated the nanostructures' crystallographic, morphological, and optical characteristics, XPS, TEM, UV–Vis DRS, and as.BET surface area analysis. A higher surface area data have been achieved by incorporating Pd plasmons from 9.2 m2 g−1 in pure ZnO to 16.9 m2 g−1 in 7% Pd–ZnO. The analysis of XPS spectra shows an increase of the lattice oxygen (OL) from 62.36% to 65.08%, suggesting an increase in the number of oxygen vacancies on the surface of the Pd–ZnO plasmonic photocatalysts that leads to enhancing its photocatalytic performance. UV–Vis optical spectra of the different Pd–ZnO photocatalysts reveal the visible light absorption capability due to the localized surface plasmonic resonance effect (LSPR). The photocatalytic activity of the obtained Pd–ZnO nanomaterials has been tested on the photobiogas production during the photocatalytic destruction of Reactive Yellow 15 (R.Y.) in two prototype photobiogas reactors, cylindrical UV reactor and a pilot‐scale CPC solar reactor, under nitrogen atmosphere. A higher yield of biogas (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) gases have been achieved by the effect of Pd plasmons on the ZnO photocatalyst.
Polythioesters Prepared by Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Thioesters and Related Monomers
Authors: Li Hui , Guillaume Sophie M. , Carpentier Jean‐François 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters with a wide range of applications; in particular, they currently stand as promising alternatives to conventional polyolefin‐based “plastics”. The introduction of sulfur atoms within the PHAs backbone can endow the resulting polythioesters (PTEs) with differentiated, sometimes enhanced thermal, optical and mechanical properties, thereby widening their versatility and use. Hence, PTEs have been gaining increasing attention over the past half‐decade. This review highlights recent advances towards the synthesis of well‐defined PTEs by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic thioesters – namely thiolactones – as well as of S‐carboxyanhydrides and thionolactones; it also covers the ring‐opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of cyclic thioanhydrides or thiolactones with epoxides or episulfides. Most of the ROP reactions described are of anionic type, mediated by inorganic, organic or organometallic initiators/catalysts, along with a few enzymatic reactions as well. Emphasis is placed on the reactivity of the thio monomers, in relation to their ring‐size ranging from 4‐ to 5‐, 6‐ and 7‐membered cycles, the nature of the catalyst/initiating systems implemented and their efficiency in terms of activity and control over the PTE molar mass, dispersity, topology, and microstructure.
An optimal robust design method for fractional‐order reset controller
Authors: Wang Shaohua , Sun Yixiu , Li Xiaoqing , Han Bin , Luo Ying 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a novel design method for the reset controller structure (i.e., fractional‐order proportional and integral plus Clegg integrator (PI
+ CI
)), is proposed for a second‐order plus time delay plant. To this end, the designer can get an optimal fractional reset controller that gives the control system more phase margin over the base linear PI controller and robust to loop gain variation. The describing function method is used to investigate the capability of phase lead and the frequency domain properties of PI
+ CI
. The gain crossover frequency and phase margin specifications ensure the stability of the control system, and the flat phase constraint makes the control system robust to loop gain variations. Meanwhile, the integral of time and absolute error (ITAE) value is applied to achieve the optimal dynamic performance as the cost function. PI
+ CI
is compared with its integer‐order counterpart (i.e., proportional and integral plus Clegg integrator (PI + CI) controller) and their base controllers (i.e., integer‐order PI and fractional‐order PI controllers) in terms of the step response and robustness to loop gain variations. The simulation results illustrate that the PI
+ CI
control system obtains lower overshoot and oscillation and better robustness to loop gain variations than others. The experiments are performed on the speed control of an air bearing stage. Experimental results show that the designed PI
+ CI
control system behaves better than others. The proposed PI
+ CI
design method can be applied to other general control plants easily.
Coning motion stability and decoupling methods analysis of spinning missiles with angle‐of‐attack feedback autopilot
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Wang Wei , Ji Yi , Zhang Jian , Wang Xiaokang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe angle‐of‐attack (AOA) three‐loop feedback autopilot is an improved three‐loop autopilot that has been widely employed in missile control systems. For spinning missiles, however, unstable coning motion can be induced by the cross‐couple effect. For spinning missiles with an AOA feedback autopilot, this paper analyzes the coning motion stability with the consideration of the augmentation loop and the position of the accelerometer and compares the performance of three decoupling methods. First, a novel double‐channel actuator AOA three‐loop autopilot is established, and the sufficient and necessary condition of coning motion stability is proposed analytically on account of the complex system equations. The stability condition shows that the stable region of the design parameters for the autopilot shrinks as a result of the spinning condition. Moreover, methods associated with actuator dynamics, control coupling, static stability, and the decoupling method of setting the lead angle to the control system are presented to improve the stability of spinning missiles. Numerical simulations are implemented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed methods, whose results illustrate that the stability conditions can guide AOA autopilot design for the flight stabilization of spinning missiles.
Potassium ferricyanide oxidizes silicon quantum dots under alkaline conditions to produce chemiluminescence for uric acid detection in human urine
Authors: Song Mengling , Huang Mingyan , Yang Zixin , Chen Funan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPotassium ferricyanide (K3(Fe(CN)6)) could directly oxidize silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) to generate chemiluminescence (CL) under alkaline conditions. It was noteworthy that in the Si QDs–K3(Fe(CN)6)–NaOH CL system, the Si QDs worked as a new luminescent material. In addition, the signal intensity of this CL system could be weakened with the addition of uric acid (UA). Based on these, we exploited a new easy and convenient determination method of UA. This method only needed filtration and dilution of UA, without other pretreatment. The constructed system exhibited a linear relationship that ranged from 0.50 to 4.50 mmol·L−1, with 0.24 mmol·L−1 of detection limit, and this system had successfully demonstrated the detection of UA in human urine. In addition, this work also broaden the application of the Si QDs in CL research.