bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of desiccation and salinity gradients in the PSII photochemical efficiency of a subtidal brown alga, Saccharina japonica (Laminariales) from Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Shindo Aoi , Nishihara Gregory N. , Borlongan Iris Ann , Terada Ryuta 
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYWe determined the response of photochemical efficiency to desiccation and salinity in an edible brown alga, Saccharina japonica (var. japonica), using a pulse amplitude modulation chlorophyll fluorometer. Natural populations of this species in Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan are most of the time immersed in the subtidal zone; however, those at the uppermost part of the sublittoral are sometimes emersed during low tide. In the laboratory experiment, the alga under aerial exposure up to 8 h under dim light at 20°C and 50% humidity showed that the effective quantum yields (ΔF/Fm′) of Photosystem II quickly declined after more than 45 min of emersion; ΔF/Fm′ also failed to recover to the initial level even after 1 day of rehydration in seawater. Under emersion, the ΔF/Fm′ values were relatively stable and above 0.5 when the absolute water content (AWC, %) was greater than 50%; however, it declined as the AWC decreased. Once the algae were dehydrated to an AWC of less than 50%, their ΔF/Fm′ did not return to the initial level despite subsequent reimmersion in seawater, suggesting the low ability of photosynthetic recovery from dehydration. Results of in situ measurements in Muroran showed that the ΔF/Fm′ of S. japonica declined during the tidal exposure; however, it recovered after they were again immersed in seawater due to the rising tide. Furthermore, S. japonica showed a stenohaline photosynthetic response between 20 and 40 psu, as their ΔF/Fm′ values were found to be unchanged in these salinities after 5 days of laboratory culture; this suggests the seaweed’s photosynthetic tolerance and/or acclimation within such a relatively narrow range, which might be one of the traits that preclude its occurrence in the intertidal and brackish waters. Indeed, desiccation risk and fluctuating salinity are important limiting factors that influence the stability of kelp beds for sustainable utilization in the regional fishery including mariculture of this species.
The Existential Breastfeeding Difficulty Scale’s influences on the caring dialogue—Child healthcare nurses’ lived experiences
Authors: Gustafsson Ida , Spångby Malin , Arvidsdal Ann , Golsäter Marie , Palmér Lina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBreastfeeding is experienced as an existential journey, and breastfeeding difficulties put mothers in existentially vulnerable situations. For care to be caring, it must be based on the mother's breastfeeding story. Previous research show that healthcare professionals struggle to perform individualised breastfeeding care. The Existential Breastfeeding Difficulty Scale (ExBreastS) was developed to support an existential focus in caring dialogues and was introduced in child healthcare in Sweden.The aim of this study is to describe child healthcare nurses’ lived experience of how the Existential Breastfeeding Difficulty Scale (ExBreastS) influences the caring dialogue.Seventeen child healthcare nurses with experience in using ExBreastS as a basis for caring dialogues with breastfeeding mothers were interviewed, in groups, pairs or individually. The interviews were analysed using a thematic analysis based on descriptive phenomenology.The results show that the caring dialogue becomes re‐evaluated when using ExBreastS because existential aspects of breastfeeding is acknowledged. ExBreastS also visualises new perspectives of the mother's breastfeeding experiences. However, the use of ExBreastS also risks overshadowing the caring dialogue when the nurses focus too much on the instrument.The use of ExBreastS supports caring dialogues—and caring care—by highlighting the existential aspects of breastfeeding/breastfeeding difficulties and the uniqueness of every mothers’ breastfeeding experience. However, the instrument sometimes evokes a vulnerability in the nurses that calls for support from the care organisation.
Corporate editors in OpenStreetMap: Investigating co‐editing patterns
Authors: Sarkar Dipto , Anderson Jennings T. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTraditionally, OpenStreetMap (OSM) has been recognized as a volunteered geographic information (VGI) project. In recent years, many corporations have enlisted teams of mappers to edit data on OSM. These teams of corporate editors (CEs) can quickly edit large swaths of data using a variety of methods. Consequently, there are new tensions over possible community bifurcations where editing and map stewardship disagreements may occur between the CEs and non‐CEs. To characterize CE and non‐CE editing interactions, we focused on six locations with varied types of corporate editing activity. We created six temporal (2015–2020) editing networks for each location, resulting in 36 total networks. We found a continual increase in the number of editors, with more growth in places with CEs. There was significant co‐editing between the two groups, with CEs showing more in‐group editing patterns, both in terms of number of edits and time between edits. We conclude that currently the CE and the non‐CE communities continue to co‐exist and co‐produce open geospatial data in apparent harmony, even though the size of the CE community and volume of contributions have grown significantly. Finally, we discuss implications for OSM as a VGI project in light of our corporate editing trends.
Complete blood count and biochemistry reference intervals for healthy adult sheep in the northeastern United States
Authors: Frye Elisha A. , Behling‐Kelly Erica L. , Lejuene Manigandan , Webb Julie L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundReference intervals (RIs) for routine clinicopathologic data in sheep are sparse. The authors sought to establish hematologic and biochemical RIs from a varied ovine population to improve data interpretation for small ruminant veterinarians.ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to establish ovine CBC and biochemistry reference intervals by sampling 120 healthy adult sheep, both male and female, from a variety of breeds, located in the Northeastern United States.MethodsOne hundred and eighteen sheep were included in the CBC RI and 121 sheep were included in the biochemistry panel RI.ResultsRIs for 42 CBC and biochemistry analytes were established in accordance with the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.ConclusionsThese RIs are provided to assist small ruminant veterinarians with the interpretation of CBC and biochemistry panel results in sheep.
Exercise in hypobaric hypoxia increases markers of intestinal injury and symptoms of gastrointestinal distress
Authors: McKenna Zachary J. , Fennel Zachary J. , Berkemeier Quint N. , Nava Roberto C. , Amorim Fabiano T. , Deyhle Michael R. , Mermier Christine M. 
Published: February 2022

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
What is the effect of hypobaric hypoxia on markers of exercise‐induced intestinal injury and symptoms of gastrointestinal (GI) distress?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Exercise performed at 4300 m of simulated altitude increased intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I‐FABP), claudin‐3 (CLDN‐3) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), which together suggest that exercise‐induced intestinal injury may be aggravated by concurrent hypoxic exposure. Increases in I‐FABP, LBP and CLDN‐3 were correlated to exercise‐induced GI symptoms, providing some evidence of a link between intestinal barrier injury and symptoms of GI distress.

AbstractWe sought to determine the effect of exercise in hypobaric hypoxia on markers of intestinal injury and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Using a randomized and counterbalanced design, nine males completed two experimental trials: one at local altitude of 1585 m (NORM) and one at 4300 m of simulated hypobaric hypoxia (HYP). Participants performed 60 min of cycling at a workload that elicited 65% of their NORM . GI symptoms were assessed before and every 15 min during exercise. Pre‐ and post‐exercise blood samples were assessed for intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I‐FABP), claudin‐3 (CLDN‐3) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). All participants reported at least one GI symptom in HYP compared to just one participant in NORM. I‐FABP significantly increased from pre‐ to post‐exercise in HYP (708 ± 191 to 1215 ± 518 pg ml−1; P = 0.011, d = 1.10) but not NORM (759 ± 224 to 828 ± 288 pg ml−1; P > 0.99, d = 0.27). CLDN‐3 significantly increased from pre‐ to post‐exercise in HYP (13.8 ± 0.9 to 15.3 ± 1.2 ng ml−1; P = 0.003, d = 1.19) but not NORM (13.7 ± 1.8 to 14.2 ± 1.6 ng ml−1; P = 0.435, d = 0.45). LBP significantly increased from pre‐ to post‐exercise in HYP (10.8 ± 1.2 to 13.9 ± 2.8 μg ml−1; P = 0.006, d = 1.12) but not NORM (11.3 ± 1.1 to 11.7 ± 0.9 μg ml−1; P > 0.99, d = 0.32). I‐FABP (d = 0.85), CLDN‐3 (d = 0.95) and LBP (d = 0.69) were all significantly higher post‐exercise in HYP compared to NORM (P ≤ 0.05). Overall GI discomfort was significantly correlated to ΔI‐FABP (r = 0.71), ΔCLDN‐3 (r = 0.70) and ΔLBP (r = 0.86). These data indicate that cycling exercise performed in hypobaric hypoxia can cause intestinal injury, which might cause some commonly reported GI symptoms.
Data-Driven Approach for Resistivity Prediction Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Abdelaal Ahmed , Ibrahim Ahmed Farid , Elkatatny Salaheldin 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Formation resistivity is crucial for petrophysics and formation evaluation. Laboratory measurements and/or well logging can be used to provide resistivity data. Laboratory measurements are time-consuming and costly, limiting their use. Furthermore, certain log records may be missing in some segments for a variety of reasons, including instrument failure, poor hole conditions, and data loss due to storage and incomplete recording. The purpose of this study is to apply support vector machines (SVM), and functional networks (FN) to introduce intelligent models for formation resistivity prediction using other available logging parameters. The well logs include gamma ray, density, neutron, and sonic data. The predictive models were built using a data collection of roughly 4300 data points collected from vertical sections of complex reservoirs. For model training and testing, the data set was split at random in a 70:30 ratio. The predictive models were validated using a different set of data (around 1300 points) that had not been seen by the model. The models predicted the target with a good correlation coefficient (R) of around 0.93 and accepted root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 0.3 for training and testing. The suggested methods for estimating formation resistivity from available logging parameters are shown to be reliable in this study. Resistivity prediction can fill the missing gaps in log tracks and may save money by removing resistivity logs running in all offset wells in the same field.
Numerical Investigation on Blockage-Related Cavitation Surge and Pressure Gain of a Mixed-Flow Pump With Influence of Blade Leading Edge Shape on Suction Performance
Authors: Kim Yong-In , Yang Hyeon-Mo , Lee Kyoung-Yong , Choi Young-Seok 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The blade leading edge is a design variable that can affect the local flow patterns and pressure peaks, implying a direct effect on the cavitation performance. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of the blade leading edge shape on the cavitation and noncavitation states. A total of four sets, including the square shape, were selected under the definition of ellipse ratio, and the main focus was on the cavitation state rather than the noncavitation state. In the noncavitation state, the square set denoted a remarkable negative influence, while the other three sets obtained almost the same performance despite different ellipse ratios. In the cavitation state, the square set obtained a relatively low net positive suction head required, related to the inlet flow pattern with the cloud cavity. The other three sets contained the sheet cavity, and their suction performance tended to improve as the cavity blockage decreased. As a parallel focus, an in-depth analysis of cavitation surge and pressure gain was presented with the head drop slope for the other three ellipse sets. The numerical results included the off-design flow rate points and were validated through an experimental test.
A New Turbulent Viscosity Correction Model With URANS Solver for Unsteady Turbulent Cavitation Flow Computations
Authors: Zhang Shijie , Yao Zhifeng , Wu Hongfei , Zhong Qiang , Tao Ran , Wang Fujun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Due to the ignorance of the effect of the water–vapor interface on the cavitation flow field, the standard k–ε turbulence model (ST model) may overestimate the turbulent viscosity. It is unable to simulate cavitation shedding, especially at small attack angles of a hydrofoil. In the present investigation, a turbulent viscosity correction model is proposed to dampen the turbulent viscosity at the water–vapor interface. Cavitation flow around a NACA0009 truncated hydrofoil with a 2.5 deg angle of attack is used to demonstrate the effect of correction. The results show that the interface effect-based correction model (IE model) can both predict the pressure distribution on the suction surface of the hydrofoil with experimental data and the re-entrance jet in the leading-edge cavitation shedding. The region of the IE model influenced concentrates on the water–vapor interface and intensifies the vortex strength, which directly enhances the formation of a horseshoe vortex. The reduction of turbulent viscosity by the IE model reduces the resistance to the development of a re-entrance jet. The shear stress plays an important role in the shedding of the attached cavity bubble. The increase of shear force in the leading-edge cavitation occurs with the re-entrance of water and the main shear flow concentrates on the middle of the cavity bubble. This paper therefore presents a new method of numerical simulation of cavitation flow in engineering applications.
Pseudospectral Continuation for Aeroelastic Stability Analysis
Authors: Pons Arion 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis technical note is concerned with aeroelastic flutter problems: the analysis of aeroelastic systems undergoing airspeed-dependent dynamic instability. Existing continuation methods for parametric stability analysis are based on marching along an airspeed parameter until the flutter point is found—an approach that may waste computational effort on low-airspeed system behavior, before a flutter point is located and characterized. Here, we describe a pseudospectral continuation approach that instead marches outward from the system’s flutter points, from points of instability to points of increasing damping, allowing efficient characterization of the subcritical and supercritical behavior of the system. This approach ties together aeroelastic stability analysis and abstract linear algebra and, by reducing the sample space in which the analysis needs to take place, provides efficient methods for computing practical aeroelastic stability properties—for instance, flight envelopes based on maximum modal damping and the location of borderline-stable zones.
Non-pharmacological interventions for autism spectrum disorder in children: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Meza Nicolás , Rojas Valeria , Escobar Liquitay Camila Micaela , Pérez Ignacio , Aguilera Johnson Francisca , Amarales Osorio Claudia , Irarrázaval Matías , Madrid Eva , Franco Juan Victor Ariel 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children.DesignOverview of systematic reviews (SRs).ParticipantsChildren aged 12 years and under with ASD.Search methodsIn October 2021, we searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Epistemonikos placing no restrictions on language or date of publication.Interventions17 non-pharmacological interventions compared with placebo, no-treatment (including waiting list) or other interventions (ie, usual care, as defined by the authors of each study).Data collection and analysisWe rated the methodological quality of the included SRs using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). We reported the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) certainty of the evidence (CoE) according to the analysis conducted by the authors of the included SRs.Main outcome measuresA multidisciplinary group of experts agreed on analysing nine critical outcomes evolving core and non-core ASD symptoms.Public and patient involvement statementOrganisations of parents of children with ASD participated in external revision of the final version of the report.ResultsWe identified 52 reports that were within our scope, of which 48 were excluded for various reasons. After excluding less reliable SRs, we included four SRs. Non-pharmacological interventions (ie, Early Intensive Behavioural Intervention, Applied Behaviour Analysis, Picture Exchange Communication System and Naturalistic Developmental Behavioural Interventions) may have favourable effects on some core outcomes including language, social and functioning, play or daily living skills in children with ASD (with either no GRADE assessment, very low or low CoE). In addition, we identified a lack of report for other key outcomes in the included SRs (ie, restricted, repetitive behaviour; play and sensory processing).ConclusionsSynthesised evidence regarding the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for children with ASD is scarce. High-quality SRs addressing the variety of both non-pharmacological interventions and relevant outcomes are needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020206535.
Assessment of interferon gamma and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 analysis during respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants in Italy: an observational case–control study
Authors: Savino Francesco , Daprà Valentina , Savino Andrea , Calvi Cristina , Montanari Paola , Galliano Ilaria , Bergallo Massimiliano 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to measure interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) values in the White blood cells of infants during respiratory tract infections and to compare these with healthy age-matched controls.DesignThis was a prospective, observational case–control study conducted in 2019–2020.SettingThe study took place at Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Turin, Italy.ParticipantsThe study comprised 63 infants, including 26 patients hospitalised for bronchiolitis due to a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and 37 age-matched controls. The inclusion criteria included a positive RSV test for an infant with bronchiolitis.MethodsWe collected peripheral blood and measured the relative quantification of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of IFN-γ and IDO1 with TaqMan real-time PCR amplification. The data were collected on the first day of admission.ResultsThe mean age of the 26 patients with RSV bronchiolitis (53.8% female) was 85 (9–346) days when they were admitted to the hospital. Their mean gestational age at birth was 38 weeks and their mean birth weight was 3100 (2780–3730) g. The expression of IFN-γ was significantly reduced in patients with bronchiolitis RSV compared with healthy controls (p=0.0132). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups when the IDO1 mRNA expression values in their WCC were measured (p=0.0642).ConclusionOur findings did not clarify whether IDO1 expression was related to the early stage of the disease or to the young age of the infants. The data provide evidence that IFN-γ was significantly reduced in infants with bronchiolitis due to RSV, compared with age-matched healthy controls, but the IDO1 was not different. New investigations that focus on subjects infected with RSV at different stages of infancy would help to clarify whether IDO1 expression can be related to age.
Self-testing for pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kennedy Caitlin E , Yeh Ping Teresa , Gholbzouri Karima , Narasimhan Manjulaa 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivesUrine pregnancy tests are often inaccessible in low-income settings. Expanded provision of home pregnancy testing could support self-care options for sexual and reproductive health and rights. We conducted a systematic review of pregnancy self-testing effectiveness, values and preferences and cost.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, LILACS and EMBASE and four trial registries were searched through 2 November 2020.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included trials and observational studies that compared urine self-testing for pregnancy to health worker-led pregnancy testing on effectiveness outcomes; quantitative and qualitative studies describing values and preferences of end users and health workers and costs of pregnancy self-testing.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers used standardised methods to search, screen and code included studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration and Evidence Project tools. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models. Findings were summarised in GRADE evidence profiles and synthesised qualitatively.ResultsFor effectiveness, four randomised trials following 5493 individuals after medical abortion showed no difference or improvements in loss to follow-up with home pregnancy self-testing compared with return clinic visits. One additional trial of community health workers offering home pregnancy tests showed a significant increase in pregnancy knowledge and antenatal counselling among 506 clients. Eighteen diverse values and preferences studies found support for pregnancy self-testing because of quick results, convenience, confidentiality/privacy, cost and accuracy. Most individuals receiving pregnancy self-tests for postabortion home management preferred this option. No studies reported cost data.ConclusionPregnancy self-testing is acceptable and valued by end users. Effectiveness data come mostly from articles on postabortion care, and cost data are lacking. Greater availability of pregnancy self-tests, including in postabortion care and CHW programs, may lead to improved health outcomes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021231656.