bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Number of comorbidities and their impact on perioperative outcome and costs – a single centre cohort study
Authors: Cavalli Loris , Angehrn Luzius , Schindler Christian , Orsini Niccolò , Grob Christian , Kaufmann Mark , Steiner Luzius A. , Schwenkglenks Matthias , Dell-Kuster Salome 
Published: March 2022

AIMS OF THE STUDY: Multimorbidity is a growing global health problem, resulting in an increased perioperative risk for surgical patients. Data on both the prevalence of multimorbidity and its impact on perioperative outcome are limited. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification uses only the single most severe systemic disease to define the ASA class and ignores multimorbidity. This study aimed to assess the number and type of all anaesthesia-relevant comorbidities and to analyse their impact on outcome and hospital costs.
METHODS: This cohort study is nested in the ClassIntra® validation study and includes only patients enrolled at the University Hospital of Basel. Approximately 30 patients per surgical discipline undergoing any type of in-hospital surgery were followed up until hospital discharge to record all intra- and postoperative adverse events. In addition, the type and severity of all perioperatively relevant comorbidities were extracted from the electronic medical record according to a predefined list. The primary endpoint was the number of all anaesthesia-relevant comorbidities by ASA class. Using structural equation models, the direct and indirect effects of comorbidities on costs were estimated after adjustment for the ASA class and further relevant confounders and mediators.
RESULTS: Of 320 enrolled patients, 27 were ASA I (8%), 150 ASA II (47%), 116 ASA III (36%) and 27 ASA IV (8%). The median number of comorbidities per patient was 5 (range 0–18), this number significantly increasing with higher ASA class: 1 comorbidity (95% CI 0.0–2.0) in ASA I, 4 comorbidities (3.8–4.2) in ASA II, 9 (8.1–9.9) in ASA III and 12 (10–14) in ASA IV patients. Independent of ASA class, each additional comorbidity increased hospital costs by EUR 1,198 (95% CI 288–2108) with almost identical proportions of direct and indirect effects. The number of anaesthesia-relevant comorbidities also increased postoperative complications and postoperative length of hospital stay.
CONCLUSIONS: Multimorbidity in perioperative patients is highly prevalent and has a relevant impact on hospital costs, independent of the ASA class. Incorporating multimorbidity into the ASA classification might be warranted to improve its predictive ability and support adequate reimbursement.
The ClassIntra® validation study had been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03009929).
Ebelik Öğrencilerinin Meslekleri ile İlgili Sosyal Çevre Görüşlerinden Etkilenme Durumları
Authors: KARAMAN Özen Esra , AYGÜN Yaren , KORKMAZ YILDIZ Nazende 
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma ebelik öğrencilerinin sosyal medya kullanım amaçları ve sıklıklarının, mesleğe bakış açılarının, sosyal çevreden etkilenme durumlarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla planlandı.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı tipteki bu araştırmada veriler 19 soruluk “Öğrenci Bilgi Formu” ile online ortamda gönüllü olan 126 ebelik öğrencisi ile yapıldı (N=260). Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatiksel yöntemler kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Ebelik öğrencilerinin çoğunluğu sosyal ağlara akıllı telefonlardan erişiyor (%99.2) ve sosyal medyayı 3 yıl ve üzeri süredir (%84.1), günde 2-3 saatini ayırarak ve genellikle “arkadaşları ile sohbet etmek” amacıyla ve “Whatsapp” hesabını kullanıyordu. Öğrenciler ebelik ile ilgili yapılan sosyal medya eğlencelerinden rahatsızdı ve “toplum yargıları”ndan dolayı mesleğin olumsuz bir imaja sahip olduğunu düşünüyordu. Ebelik öğrencilerinin çoğu sosyal medya kullanımının mesleki örgütlenmeye olumlu etkisi olacağını bildirdi.
Sonuç: Ebelik mesleğinde toplum yargılarının değiştirilmesi, gelecekte iyi bir konuma gelebilmesi ve mesleki örgütlenmenin artması için sosyal medyanın bilinçli kullanımın eğitimle desteklenmesi önerilebilir.
Shakespeare in Elizabethan Costume
Authors: Hawkins Ella 
Published: March 2022

The meanings originally communicated by Elizabethan and Jacobean dress have long been confined to history. Why, then, have doublets, hose, ruffs and farthingales featured in many Shakespeare productions staged since the turn of the twenty-first century?
This book scrutinizes the popular practice of costuming Shakespeare’s plays in Elizabethan and Jacobean dress. It considers why this traditional approach to design appeals to contemporary directors, designers and audiences, and how it has shaped the meaning of Shakespeare’s works in specific performance contexts.
Informed by original interviews with several prominent theatre practitioners, including Emma Rice, Gregory Doran, Jenny Tiramani, Simon Godwin, Stephen Brimson Lewis and Tom Piper, Shakespeare in Elizabethan Costume explores how various twenty-first-century Shakespeare productions have drawn on myths and desires associated with early modern clothing. Its discussions range from the practicalities of historical reconstruction to the appeal of early modern sartorial culture as an embodiment of wonder, spectacle and the supernatural. Productions discussed include the Globe’s production of Love Labour’s Lost (2009), the National Theatre’s Twelfth Night (2017) and the Royal Shakespeare Company’s The Tempest (2016).
Ella Hawkins examines the minutiae of modern design -- how seams are sewn, whence fabrics are sourced -- as well as the widespread cultural movements that have produced our modern relationship with the period of Shakespeare’s lifetime. This is the first book to explore fully the significance of Elizabethan-inspired design in contemporary Shakespearean performance. Shakespeare in Elizabethan Costume reframes so-called ‘period’ costuming as a dynamic collection of practices capable of refashioning textual meanings, reflecting present-day political and societal shifts and confronting contemporary injustices.
The American Abroad
Authors: Cooper Anna 
Published: March 2022

Drawing on cinema and media studies, art history, American studies, and postcolonial studies, this innovative book offers a fresh way of thinking about Hollywood film aesthetics. It explores how eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Western colonial formations of vision influenced classical Hollywood film style, and thus provides a new and unique perspective on the origins of the cinematic gaze. Classical Hollywood cinema constructs global spaces as an imaginative dreamworld, subsuming geographical and cultural differences into utopian fantasy. Yet, this characteristically Hollywoodian aesthetic has rarely been explored in detail. How are such representations constructed within film texts? Is this utopian aesthetic really as uniform and transparent as it appears? What is its relationship to the United States’ status as an imperial power?
In The American Abroad, Anna Cooper explores how postwar Hollywood cinema adopted elements of British and French imperial visual culture, transforming them to suit a new United Statesian context. Cooper argues that four visual discourses in particular—the sublime, the ethnographic, the picturesque, and glamour—became building blocks in the development of a new American visual language.
Genndy Tartakovsky
Authors: Tembo Kwasu David 
Published: March 2022

Genndy Tartakovsky is widely regarded as a pioneer in contemporary Western animation of the 20th and 21st centuries. His groundbreaking and prolific output, ranging from Dexter's Laboratory to Samurai Jack and Sym-Bionic Titan, has become a mainstay of contemporary animated programming, and collectively, the cornerstone of both titans of the industry such as Cartoon Network and Adult Swim.
This book draws attention to the comparatively mysterious figure of this creator, while simultaneously celebrating his singular vision, mastery of formal technique, genre sensitivity, personal stylistic flair, and how these aesthetic and narrative elements combine to produce what the author calls an ‘animation of sincerity’ in all his works.
Optimized Umkehr profile algorithm for ozone trend analyses
Authors: Petropavlovskikh Irina , Miyagawa Koji , McClure-Beegle Audra , Johnson Bryan , Wild Jeannette , Strahan Susan , Wargan Krzysztof , Querel Richard , Flynn Lawrence , Beach Eric , Ancellet Gerard , Godin-Beekmann Sophie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The long-term record of Umkehr measurements from four NOAA Dobson spectrophotometers was reprocessed after updates to the instrument
calibration procedures. In addition, a new data quality-control tool was
developed for the Dobson automation software (WinDobson). This paper
presents a comparison of Dobson Umkehr ozone profiles from NOAA ozone
network stations – Boulder, the Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP), the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO), Lauder – against several satellite
records, including Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; ver. 4.2), and combined solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV) and Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) records (NASA aggregated and NOAA cohesive datasets). A subset of satellite data is
selected to match Dobson Umkehr observations at each station spatially
(distance less than 200 km) and temporally (within 24 h). Umkehr
Averaging kernels (AKs) are applied to vertically smooth all overpass
satellite profiles prior to comparisons. The station Umkehr record consists
of several instrumental records, which have different optical
characterizations, and thus instrument-specific stray light contributes to
the data processing errors and creates step changes in the record. This work evaluates the overall quality of Umkehr long-term measurements at NOAA
ground-based stations and assesses the impact of the instrumental changes on the stability of the Umkehr ozone profile record. This paper describes a
method designed to correct biases and discontinuities in the retrieved
Umkehr profile that originate from the Dobson calibration process, repair,
or optical realignment of the instrument. The Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) Global Modeling Initiative (M2GMI) and NASA Global Modeling Initiative chemistry transport model (GMI CTM) ozone
profile model output matched to station location and date of observation is
used to evaluate instrumental step changes in the Umkehr record.
Homogenization of the Umkehr record and discussion of the apparent stray
light error in retrieved ozone profiles are the focus of this paper.
Homogenization of ground-based records is of great importance for studies of long-term ozone trends and climate change.
Aplikasi Macam dan Dosis Pupuk Kandang Pada Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Authors: Kusumawati Dian Eka , Saputra Langgeng Eka , Amiroh Ana 
Published: March 2022

Tanaman tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum) adalah salah satu tanaman komoditas hortikultura yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi dan masih memerlukan penanganan yang serius, terutama dalam hal peningkatan hasil kualitas buahnya. Rendahnya produksi tomat di Indonesia kemungkinan di sebabkan varietas yang di tanam tidak cocok ,kultur teknis yang kurang baik atau pemberantasan hama dan penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini Untuk mengetahui dosis pemberian macam pupuk kandang terhadap produksi tanaman tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum). Penelitian ini di laksanakan pada bulann januari sampai bulan april 2021 di dusun kelor, desa medalem, kecamatan modo, kabupaten lamongan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial, yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dan setiap faktor terdridari 3 level , yaitu: faktor 1:Macam pupuk kandang dengan 3 perlakuan: Pupuk kandang sapi, Pupuk kandang kambing,dan Pupuk kandang ayam faktor 2: Dosis pemberian dengan 3 level: Kontrol, 5 ton/ha, dan 10 ton/ha. Pengamatan dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengukur tinggi tanaman, Jumlah buah sampel per perlakuan, Berat buah sampel per perlakuan, dan Berat brangkasan sampel per perlakuan (segar).
PERAN FILSAFAT ILMU TERHADAP ILMU EKONOMI SEBAGAI LANDASAN REKONTRUKSI EKONOMI PANCASILA
Authors: Sundari Ariefah , Asi Yuli Sintha , Bilgies Ana Fitriyatul 
Published: March 2022

Filsafat Ilmu memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan bagi perkembangan Ilmu Ekonomi dan analisis ekonomi serta peningkatan kualitas Ahli Ekonomi, memiliki kemampuan berfikir, bersikap perilaku. Peran Filsafat ilmu dalam mengembangkan ilmu Ekonomi adalah sebagai alat evaluasi pemikiran ilmiah, sebagai instrumen untuk merefleksikan, mengevaluasi, mengkritisi asumsi dan metode ilmiah, dan sebagai alat logika dasar untuk metode ilmiah. Salah satu solusi untuk menghadapi berbagai macam masalah yang dihadapi oleh bangsa Indonesia pada saat ini yaitu dengan menghidupkan kembali semangat Pancasila (Rekontruksi). Pancasila adalah merupakan intisari dari keberadaan Indonesia sebagai suatu negara. Pancasila berfungsi sebagai dasar negara, filsafat, ideologi dan juga sebagai wujud dari prinsip dasar untuk Indonesia yang mandiri. Sehingga bias terwujud dengan menyatukan tekad, tindakan, dan integrasi dari berbagai bidang dan juga keterampilan untuk mencapai kesejahteraan masyarakat Indonesia.
ANALISIS TINDAK TUTUR BAHASA BLANTIK SAPI DI PASAR SAPI KABUPATEN TUBAN (PENDEKATAN PRAGMATIK)
Authors: Masrurin Ali 
Published: March 2022

Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif-kualitatif yaitu penelitian yang dimaksudkan membuat dengan mendeskripsikan data-data yang berupa kata-kata, gambar-gambar. Sedangkan teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik pengumpulan data dan teknik analisis data. Berdasarkan analisis penelitian ini ditemukan bentuk, fungsi dan makna dalam tindak tutur blantik sapi di pasar sapi kabupaten Tuban. maka dapat diambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut : (1) Bentuk tindak tutur ilokusi yang ditemukan terdiri atas empat bentuk yaitu asertif, direktif, komisif dan deklarasi. (2) Fungsi tindak tutur ilokusi yang ditemukan terdiri atas empat fungsi yaitu kompetitif, menyenangkan, bekerja sama, dan bertentangan. dan (3) Makna tindak tutur ilokusi terdapat pada masing-masing tuturan dalam tindak tutur blantik sapi di pasar sapi kabupaten Tuban dan telah di temukan makna konotatif (conotative meaning) adalah makna yang muncul sebagai akibat asosiasi perasaan pemakai bahasa terhadap kata yang didengar atau kata yang dibaca.
STRUKTUR DAN NASIONALISME DALAM KUMPULAN PUISI NEGERI YANG TERCABIK KARYA AKH. MUWAFIK SALEH TINJAUAN STILISTIKA
Authors: Ibad Alex Hubbi 
Published: March 2022

penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis. Metode deskriptif analisis dilakukan dengan cara mendeskripsikan fakta-fakta yang kemudian disusul dengan analisis. Penulis bermaksud analisis mengetahui puisi-puisi nasionalis yang ada di kumpulan puisi-puisi Negeri yang Tercabik. karya AKH. Muwafik Saleh. dan mengetahui Bagaimanakah struktur fisik puisi nasionalisme dalam kumpulan puisi Negeri yang Tercabik karya Akh. Muwafik Shaleh dan bentuk unsur nasionalisme dalam mengenai kumpulan puisi-puisi Negeri yang Tercabik. karya AKH. Muwafik Saleh berupa kata ,frasa,dan kalimat dalam baris yang menunjukkan unsur nasionalisme
ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA INDONESIA DALAM WACANA TULIS MAHASISWA PATANI DI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM DARUL ULUM LAMONGAN
Authors: Bango Suaibah 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan (1) jenis kesalahan penulisan ejaan dan tanda baca dalam karangan mahasiswa Patani; (2) jenis kesalahan pemakaian kata dalam karangan mahasiswa Patani; dan (3) kesalahan penggunaan kalimat dalam karangan mahasiswa Patani. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data karangan mahasiswa Patani (Thailand selatan). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi dokumentasi karangan mahasiswa Patani. Teknik analisis data yang penulis lakukan adalah menganalisis kesalahan berbahasa Indonesia.Sumber data dalam penelitian adalah karangan mahasiswa Patani yang kuliah di Universitas Islam Darul Ulum Lamongan.
Dalam penelitian ini, kesalahan mahasiswa Patani di Universitas Islam Darul Ulum Lamongan, dalam menulis karangan narasi meliputi tiga kesalahan, yaitu (1) kesalahan ejaan dan tanda baca, (2) pemakaian kata, dan (3) penggunaan kalimat. Jenis kesalahan tulisan berbahasa yang paling banyak muncul adalah kesalahan bidang ejaan, dalam karangan mahasiswa Patani yang disebabkan oleh faktor latar belakang pendidikan, bahasa, dan budaya yang berbeda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data terdapat temuan penelitian, yaitu (1) mahasiswa Patani di Universitas Islam Darul Ulum Lamongan, dalam menulis karangan narasi belum tepat pada penggunaan huruf kapital yang meliputi keslahan penggunaan huruf kapital di awal kalimat pada nama tempat, orang, negara, Tuhan, lembaga dan bahasa; (2 terjadi kesalahan penghilangan afiksasi yang ada dalam karangan narasi mahasiswa Patani di Universitas Islam Darul Ulum Lamongan, pada kaidah pembentukan kata formal dan informal; (3) mahasiswa Patani di Universitas Islam Darul Ulum Lamongan, dalam menulis karangan narasi, cenderung melakukan kesalahan pada bentuk kalimat efektif. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada bentuk Csket eratan, kecernatan kalimat, dan koherensi kalimat.
Lembaga Pendidikan Islam di Era Awal
Authors: Niswatin Khoirun , Cahyani Rahayu Dani 
Published: March 2022

Dalam awal sejarah perkembangan Islam, pendidikan Islam yang telah dilaksanakan oleh Rasulullah SAW merupakan sebuah upaya pembebasan manusia dari kejahiliyahan kaum Arab sesat yang dianut oleh kelompok Quraisy. Selain itu juga merupakan salah satu upaya untuk membebaskan manusia dari segala bentuk penindasan suatu kelompok terhadap kelompok lain yang dipandang rendah status sosialnya.
Seiring perkembangan pendidikan Islam banyak berdiri lembaga pendidikan sebagai wadah untuk pengembangan pendidikan Islam, diantara lembaga yang berkembang sebagai tempat pendidikan adalah rumah, Kuttab, Masjid dan Madrasah.
Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Burhanuddin Az-Zarnuji
Authors: Nurjanah Nike , Ardhilani Arivia , Haq Zulfikar Emir , Nur Maghfiroh Alyadita 
Published: March 2022

Pendidikan adalah salah satu sarana untuk meningkatkan sebuah kualitas suatu bangsa, oleh sebab itu kemajuan beberapa negara bisa terjadi karena mereka menaruh perhatian besar terhadap dunia pendidikan. Pendidikan Islam adalah proses pembimbingan dan pengajaran peserta didik agar meningkatkan keimanan, intelektual, kepribadian dan keterampilan yang diajarkan melalui pengajaran oleh pendidik. Penelitian ini bertujuan guna mengetahui konsep dan relevansi pendidikan Islam perspektif Burhanuddin Az-Zarnuji bagi pendidikan saat ini. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif didukung dengan library research, yakni mengumpulkan literatur dari buku dan jurnal berkaitan dengan masalah yang akan diselesaikan.
Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep pendidikan Islam persepektif Burhanuddin Az-Zarnuji dapat dikelompokkkan menurut komponen pendidikan yakni tujuan pendidikan yang harus berfokus untuk mencari ridha dan kedekatan kepada Allah SWT. Guru sebagai pendidik hendaknya ia yang lebih alim, sholeh dan menjauhkan diri dari perbuatan dosa serta menguasai betul bidang ilmu tertentu karena kekuatan pembelajaran berpusat pada seorang pengajar. Murid sebagai penuntut ilmu haruslah memuliakan guru dan memiliki kepribadian yang baik. Metode pendidikan yang digunakan yakni dengan menghafal, mencatat, memahami, berdiskusi dengan materi-materi yang diajarkan lebih menekankan pada bidang keagamaan. Relevansinya dengan pendidikan saat ini adalah tujuan belajar berhubungan dengan niat, belajar akan dikatakan berhasil jika antara niat, keinginan dan tujuan peserta didik saling berkesinambungan sehingga pendidik perlu mengarahkan agar peserta didik mencapai kebahagiaan dunia dan akhirat. Metode yang diberikan Az-Zarnuji pada intinya menekankan untuk peserta didik agar memperoleh pemahaman yang baik karena belajar haruslah dengan wawasan yang mendalam.
“[A] hungry, ragged, and forsaken little boy”: The Significance of the Street Arab(s) in The Moonstone and The Sign of Four
Authors: Murphy Sharon 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
This article illuminates the significance of the “little English boy” who accompanies the Brahmin priests in The Moonstone (1868), demonstrating that he functions as what Neil Cocks would describe as a “peripheral” child within Collins's novel (2014). It shows that close engagement with this child uncovers a complex set of relations at work within The Moonstone—one that illuminates, or conjures up, the kind of child poverty that was becoming increasingly visible at the time(s) when the novel was both published and set. The article also considers the importance of Collins's Gooseberry in this regard and, linked to this, the significance of Arthur Conan Doyle's creation of his Irregulars. It argues that Doyle's and Holmes's “employment” of these street children must be contextualized in relation to the kind of child labor—and exploitation—that was both endemic and increasingly problematic in late-nineteenth-century London. The overall ambition of the article is to demonstrate what is “disrupted,” to use Cocks's term, once we properly register the “peripheral” or “shadowy” children in The Moonstone and The Sign of Four, respectively.
Oro-motor skills and gross motor abilities in children with diplegic cerebral palsy following electrical stimulation
Authors: Ahmed Amal F. , Olama Khaled A. , Zaky Naglaa A. , Abdelfadil Ahmed R. 
Published: March 2022

Feeding difficulties are common in children with diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Swallowing difficulties, extended feeding times, poor postural control, frequent chocking/coughing, trouble drinking, and frequent vomiting are the most common feeding challenges. The dysfunctional daily eating activities among these population result in reduced quality of life, limited functional performance, and they become dependent in most of oral health care and mealtimes.The specific nature and severity of the feeding problems may differ to some degree, in relation to sensorimotor impairment, gross and fine motor limitations. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of electrical stimulation on oro-motor skills and gross motor abilities in children with diplegic cerebral palsy and to find out if there was a relationship between them. Eighteen children with diplegic cerebral palsy aged from 3 to 5 years from both sexes participated in this study. They received a designed physical therapy, oromotor exercises for 60 minutes followed by electrical stimulation for 40 minutes. The treatment was conducted two sessions per week for three successive months. Data obtained from both groups pre treatment and post treatment regarding Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88), Oral Motor Assessment Scale (OMAS).
Management of AdhogAmlapitta with Ayurveda
Authors: Varma Shubham , Sawarkar Punam , Sawarkar Gaurav , Parwe Shweta , Rajwade Sonu , Dodiya Mahesh , Tople Devika 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Amlapitta mentioned in Ayurveda is one of the common clinical condition of the gastrointestinal system in which Pitta get Vidhagdhm or “Amlam Paka. Causes of Amlapitta especially compromise Ahara Janya Hetu, such as excessive intake of Abhishyandi and Pishtanna, Acidic, Hot substances, Alcohol, Adhyashan, Viruddhashan, Vidahiannapana and intake of food in Ajirna condition. In modern science, Amlapita can be correlated with Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), in which hyperacidity occurs due to excess acid production in the stomach. Aim and objectives: The prime aim of this paper is to study the efficacy of Shamana and Shodhana Chikitsa in Ayurveda in the management of Adhog Amlapitta. Material and method: It is a single case study of 64 years-old male patients who had complaints, e.g., constant Pain in the Epigastric region, Abdominal distension, burning sensation in the throat, chest, and abdomen restlessness. Observations and Results: All clinical features in this patient had reduced significantly by using Shodhana and Shaman Aushadhi recommended by ancient Acharyas in the management of Amlapitta.