bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negotiating dignity in public geography: The ethics of public engagement in pandemic times
Authors: Plyushteva Anna 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I reflect on some of the ethical dimensions of public engagement with geographic research. The paper draws on my recent experience of a project entitled ‘Not working from home’, which sought to make visible the everyday experiences of essential workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The project was intended as a space for essential workers to document their daily lives using text, images and video, enabling them to engage with each other, while also informing the wider public about the everyday challenges of not working from home during the pandemic. The paper discusses some of the ethical implications and challenges of conducting this project, drawing on a critical engagement with dignity as an ethical framework for public engagement. I discuss the implications of calling workers ‘essential’, the role of collective and professional identities explored by the participants, and the impact of offering rewards. I also ask some broader questions on the role that the concept of dignity might play in the ethics of public engagement with research in human geography.
Comorbidities in lichen planus by phenome-wide association study in two biobank population cohorts
Authors: Fromme Malin , Schneider Carolin V. , Schlapbach Christoph , Cazzaniga Simone , Trautwein Christian , Rader Dan J. , Borradori Luca , Strnad Pavel 
Published: July 2022

Summary

Background
Lichen planus (LP) is a relatively frequent mucocutaneous inflammatory disease affecting the skin, skin appendages and mucosae, including oral mucosae, and less frequently the anogenital area, conjunctivae, oesophagus or larynx.

Objectives
To estimate the association of LP, with emphasis on dermatological and gastrointestinal conditions, in two large independent population cohorts.

Materials and methods
We performed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) and examined conditions associated with LP in two unrelated cohorts, i.e. the multicentre, community-based UK Biobank (UKB: 501 381 controls; 1130 LP subjects) and the healthcare-associated Penn Medicine BioBank (PMBB; 42 702 controls; 764 LP subjects). The data were analysed in 2021. The ‘PheWAS’ R package was used to perform the PheWAS analyses and Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple testing. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for age, sex and body mass index.

Results
In the UKB, PheWAS revealed 133 phenome codes (PheCodes) significantly associated with LP and most of them were confirmed in PMBB. Dermatological and digestive PheCodes were the most abundant: 29 and 34 of these disorders, respectively, were significantly overrepresented in LP individuals from both cohorts. The 29 dermatological and 12 oral disorders were often highly enriched, whereas hepatic, gastric, oesophageal and intestinal PheCodes displayed ORs in the range of 1·6–4·5. Several autoimmune disorders also exhibited OR &gt; 5 in both cohorts.

Conclusions
PheWAS in two large unrelated cohorts identified previously unknown comorbidities and may support clinical counselling of patients with LP.
What is already known about this topic? Lichen planus (LP) is known to affect the skin, skin appendages and mucosae, including oral mucosae, and less frequently the anogenital area, conjunctivae, oesophagus or larynx.
What does this study add? Our data provide the most comprehensive collection of associated dermatological, digestive and autoimmune disorders to date.Our findings are expected to be useful for the evaluation and management of patients with LP.
Reasons for using indoor tanning devices: A systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: Eden Martin , Lyons Stephanie , Lorigan Paul , Payne Katherine , Green Adele C. , Epton Tracy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeDespite the established causal links to skin cancer, skin ageing and eye inflammation, people continue to use indoor tanning devices (hereafter ‘sunbeds’). Understanding the reasons underlying the use of sunbeds is essential for developing effective interventions. The purpose of this study was to collate all existing evidence from qualitative papers published to date that had assessed motivations for using sunbeds.MethodsSix databases were searched from inception to February 2020 for qualitative studies that explored adults' experiences of using sunbeds. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria, and a narrative evidence synthesis was used to collate findings from each primary study.ResultsUsers of sunbeds were motivated primarily by aesthetic concerns but also by perceived psychological benefits (well‐being, confidence and ‘fitting in’) and physical benefits (improvement in skin conditions such as acne, acquiring vitamin D and preventing sunburn). People also chose indoor tanning over alternatives such as fake tans because they considered the alternatives unacceptable and did not consider indoor tanning a serious health risk. To date, no studies have explored alternatives to meeting non‐aesthetic needs related to the use of sunbeds.ConclusionsThis comprehensive explanation for the practice of indoor tanning provides the basis for development of complex interventions to reduce the harm caused by using sunbeds. Effective interventions should include promotion of alternatives, such as different methods of relaxing, to satisfy underlying motivations, changing social norms and correcting misperceptions about health benefits.
Interventions in child welfare: A Swedish inventory
Authors: Bergström Martin , Sundell Knut , Olsson Tina , Leander Lina , Åström Therese 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn Swedish child welfare, there are no mandatory guidelines on what interventions to use. Local authorities are able to set their own criteria for implementing or designing interventions. We carried out a survey to identify interventions in use in Children's Social Services and Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Care in Sweden. A total of 102 interventions were stated to have been in use, with between 31 and 45 different interventions for each of the four different child welfare populations. Of the 102 interventions, 56 were designed outside Sweden and later imported. Only 27 interventions were supported with some kind of research evidence. About half of the interventions targeted the child. Possible implications for practice and research are discussed.
Substance use and other factors associated with child welfare case duration: Looking beyond out of home care
Authors: Hall Martin T. , Hardy Garrett C. , Golder Seana , Huebner Ruth A. , McNeil Audrianna J. , Walton Matthew T. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLittle is known about factors associated with child welfare case duration. Understanding factors associated with case duration may help stakeholders make more informed decisions about funding and service allocation and improve compliance with federal law. This study had two research questions: (1) What factors are associated with child welfare case duration? And (2) Do factors differ depending on whether children were placed exclusively with parents or with others (e.g. relatives and foster care) during the case? The study sample consisted of families (N = 874) with co‐occurring child maltreatment and substance use in one midwestern state in the United States between 2007 and 2016. Linear regression models were used to identify correlates of case duration while controlling for child placement status. Overall, having a child under 1 year of age, benzodiazepine use, methamphetamine use and injection drug use were all associated with longer case duration, whereas marijuana use with no other substance use was associated with shorter case duration. Additionally, factors associated with case duration differed based on child placement status during the case. These findings suggest important heterogeneity in families involved with child welfare services and may allow for proactive mitigation of cases at greater risk.
Patch test results to extracts of synthetic garments in textile dye positive patients
Authors: Linauskiene Kotryna , Zimerson Erik , Sörensen Östen , Antelmi Annarita , Bruze Magnus , Dahlin Jakob , Malinauskiene Laura , Stenton Joanna , Svedman Cecilia , Isaksson Marléne 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundDisperse dyes (DDs) are the most prevalent causes of textile‐related allergic contact dermatitis and are used for colouring synthetic textile materials based on fibres such as polyester, acrylic, acetate and polyamide. Eight DDs are included in a textile dye mix (TDM) 6.6% petrolatum (pet.) in the European baseline patch test series.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to patch test TDM 6.6% pet. positive individuals with the extracts of synthetic fibre clothes that do not contain any of the pure DDs present in the TDM 6.6% to study the reactivity pattern.MethodsSeventy‐three TDM‐positive former patients tested between 2012 and 2017 at the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology in Malmö, Sweden were invited to join the study, 10 participated. Twenty‐four textile items (collected in nine countries in Europe, Asia and North America in 2012) were extracted in dichloromethane. The TDM 6.6% was patch tested simultaneously with the 24 textile item preparations in petrolatum made from the extracts. Prior to patch testing the participants filled the 7‐question questionnaire regarding possible symptoms from textile exposure.ResultsTen individuals, agreed to join the study. Eight of them reacted to TDM 6.6%. Nine participants reacted to 20 of 24 extracts. One reacted to 19 extracts, another to 14, 3 to 5 extracts, 1 to 4, 1 to 3 extracts and 2 to 2 extracts. One was negative to all tested preparations including TDM 6.6%. The participants mainly reacted to six textile extracts. All controls tested negatively to tested extracts. Four individuals of the 10 TDM‐allergic individuals previously had had problems after wearing clothes. Four out of the 10 participants had had atopic eczema in childhood. All women had dyed their hair with permanent hair dyes but none of the males.ConclusionTDM‐positive patients react to textile extracts made from synthetic garments, even if they do not contain any of the pure DDs present in TDM 6.6%. More studies are needed to pin‐point the culprit haptens in these extracts.
A novel lung nodule accurate detection of computerized tomography images based on convolutional neural network and probability graph model
Authors: Xia Xunpeng , Zhang Rongfu , Yao Xufeng , Huang Gang , Tang Tiequn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPrecisely detecting lung nodules from original computerized tomography (CT) images is a critical technology in the earlier screening of lung cancer. Therefore, the domain of accurate detection has gradually attracted the attention of researchers. However, due to the complex characteristics of pulmonary nodules and the limitations of CT imaging property, detecting nodules with high accuracy from lung CT images is a challenging task. This article proposes an effective and robust detection network to accurately detect lung nodules by innovatively implementing a probability graph model in the candidate detection and false‐positive reduction phase. Different from previous works which use complex 3‐dimensional image information to reduce false positives, we propose two effective probability graph mechanisms, which analyze multiscale information and continuous slices (interslice changes) motion information to improve performance. We evaluated our method on an open‐source LIDC‐IDRI dataset which contains a total of 243,958 CT images and achieved high‐precision lung nodule detection results (sensitivity score of 0.945). Via introducing multiscale information and the dynamic information of the interslice, the task of lung nodule detection obtains higher precision detection results than other similar methods.
The market value of cash and the creation of high‐governance listings of voluntary adoption: Evidence from the Brazilian stock exchange
Authors: Manoel Aviner Augusto Silva , da Moraes Marcelo Botelho Costa , Pündrich Gabriel Pereira 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch Question/IssuesIn this article, we analyze whether the initiative of a domestic stock exchange that designed three high‐governance listings of voluntary adoption, in addition to maintaining its traditional listing, can mitigate managers' ability to expropriate cash. As a result of the reduction in improper cash diversion in firms with higher disclosure and corporate governance standards, we hypothesize that investors place a higher value on cash in the firms that voluntarily migrate to the premium listing.Research Findings/InsightsAfter a series of robustness checks, we document that investors place a higher value on the cash of firms from the non‐mandatory premium listing ($0.589) in relation to the cash of the companies from the regular traditional listing ($0.239). Our findings also reveal that the market value of cash is higher in firms from the segment with the highest standards ($0.687), where companies follow the “one share, one vote” principle.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe empirical results suggest that shareholders associate the premium listings segments as a commitment that reduces the risk that cash holdings will be converted into private benefits, and consequently, they place a premium on the cash of companies that subject themselves to these levels. Hence, by lessening shareholders' markdown of cash holdings, the premium listing segments mitigate part of the value loss associated with weak governance in Brazil.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur results provide important policy implications by demonstrating that a domestic stock exchange, by creating a premium listing of voluntary adoption, can provide mechanisms for firms to self‐select into segments with greater transparency and stricter corporate governance that, in turn, send a positive signal about the underlying risk that firms may expropriate cash. Hence, emerging countries where reforms of corporate law are designed to protect investors from facing serious political opposition may also consider creating special listings such as in Brazil, as a private contractual arrangement, to increase the protection of shareholders.
Managing endothelial dysfunction in COVID‐19 with statins, beta blockers, nicorandil, and oral supplements: A pilot, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Matli Kamal , Al Kotob Abdulrahman , Jamaleddine Wassim , Al Osta Soad , Salameh Pascale , Tabbikha Rami , Chamoun Nibal , Moussawi Ahmad , Saad Jean‐Michel , Atwi Gibran , Saad Tarik Abu , Jamal Omar , Mokhbat Jacques , Ghanem Georges 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Pharmacologically targeting the different mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction may improve clinical outcomes and lead to reduced morbidity and mortality. In this pilot, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial, we assigned patients who were admitted to the hospital with mild, moderate, or severe COVID‐19 infection to receive, on top of optimal medical therapy, either an endothelial protocol consisting of (Nicorandil, L‐arginine, folate, Nebivolol, and atorvastatin) or placebo for up to 14 days. The primary outcome was time to recovery, measured by an eight category ordinal scale and defined by the time to being discharged from the hospital or hospitalized for infection‐control or other nonmedical reasons. Secondary outcomes included the composite outcome of intensive care unit (ICU) admission or the need for mechanical ventilation, all‐cause mortality, and the occurrence of side effects. Of 42 randomized patients, 37 were included in the primary analysis. The mean age of the patients was 57 years; the mean body mass index of study participants was 29.14. History of hypertension was present in 27% of the patients, obesity in 45%, and diabetes mellitus in 21.6%. The median (interquartile range) time to recovery was not significantly different between the endothelial protocol group (6 [4–12] days) and the placebo group (6 [5–8] days; p value = 0.854). Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in the need for mechanical ventilation or ICU admission, all‐cause mortality, or the occurrence of side effects between the endothelial protocol group and the placebo group. Among patients hospitalized with mild, moderate, or severe COVID‐19 infection, targeting endothelial dysfunction by administering Nicorandil, L‐arginine, Folate, Nebivolol, and Atorvastatin on top of optimal medical therapy did not decrease time to recovery. Based on this study’s findings, targeting endothelial dysfunction did not result in a clinically significant improvement in outcome and, as such, larger trials targeting this pathway are not recommended.
The influence of phoneme contexts on adaptation in vowel‐evoked envelope following responses
Authors: Easwar Vijayalakshmi , Chung Lauren 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRepeated stimulus presentation leads to neural adaptation and consequent amplitude reduction in vowel‐evoked envelope following responses (EFRs)—a response that reflects neural activity phase‐locked to envelope periodicity. EFRs are elicited by vowels presented in isolation or in the context of other phonemes such as consonants in syllables. While context phonemes could exert some forward influence on vowel‐evoked EFRs, they may reduce the degree of adaptation. Here, we evaluated whether the properties of context phonemes between consecutive vowel stimuli influence adaptation. EFRs were elicited by the low‐frequency first formant (resolved harmonics) and middle‐to‐high‐frequency second and higher formants (unresolved harmonics) of a male‐spoken /i/ when the presence, number and predictability of context phonemes (/s/, /a/, /∫/ and /u/) between vowel repetitions varied. Monitored over four iterations of /i/, adaptation was evident only for EFRs elicited by the unresolved harmonics. EFRs elicited by the unresolved harmonics decreased in amplitude by ~16–20 nV (10%–17%) after the first presentation of /i/ and remained stable thereafter. EFR adaptation was reduced by the presence of a context phoneme, but the reduction did not change with their number or predictability. The presence of a context phoneme, however, attenuated EFRs by a degree similar to that caused by adaptation (~21–23 nV). Such a trade‐off in the short‐ and long‐term influence of context phonemes suggests that the benefit of interleaving EFR‐eliciting vowels with other context phonemes depends on whether the use of consonant‐vowel syllables is critical to improve the validity of EFR applications.
Insights on the etiopathogenesis of onychomycosis by dermatophyte, yeast and non‐dermatophyte mould in ex vivo model
Authors: Veiga Flavia Franco , de Castro‐Hoshino Lidiane Vizioli , Rezende Pamela Stéphani Tymniak , Baesso Mauro Luciano , Svidzinski Terezinha Inez Estivalet 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFungal biofilms have been involved in the pathogenesis of onychomycosis, but the aspects contributing to this association need to be enlightened. This study aimed to investigate the ability of three different fungi to form biofilm on the nail. All evaluated fungi were able to grow on the nails, using them as the only nutritional source and formed a structure strongly suggestive of biofilms. However, their architecture and morphology were highly contrasting: Candida albicans showed dense growth, exhibited a well‐structured community and a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM), and FTIR‐ATR spectroscopy reinforced these findings revealing components suggestive of the biofilm. For Fusarium oxysporum, these events were also observed, but in lower intensity. Furthermore, while Trichophyton rubrum presented a well‐organized architecture, the ECM was not visualized. We hypothesize that these findings are related to the symptomatology of onychomycosis. When it is caused by a non‐dermatophyte, it usually is accompanied with paronychia, pain, oedema, inflammation and few signals of keratolysis, while dermatophytes are more associated with intense onycholysis and absence of the inflammatory signals. Biofilm seems to be crucial for non‐dermatophytes to cause onychomycosis, but not for T. rubrum.
Sending children to camp: An analysis of decision‐making by family income
Authors: Richmond Dan , Hodge Camilla , Sibthorp Jim 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to (a) identify the factors most salient to parents when sending their child to summer camp, (b) examine family members' roles in the camp decision‐making process, and (c) compare both by income and other family contextual factors in a sample of parents with a child who enrolled and participated in a summer camp experience.MethodsSurvey data were collected from a total of 354 families that included families from high, middle, and lower incomes. Surveys collected data on parental developmental goals for their child, factors related to camp–child and camp–family fit, and the level of involvement of family members in the camp decision‐making process.ResultsThe study identified three core parental goals for sending their child to camp: interactive learning, intrapersonal development, and fun/belonging. The analysis also identified five essential considerations parents use to consider camp fit: logistics/cost, program quality, child fit, institutional ties, and social connections. One parent, primarily the mother, drives the decision to send a child to camp. Family income was significant predictor of all three developmental goals with parents from higher income families reporting lower levels of developmental goals than parents from lower income families. Income also predicted camp fit considerations related to logistics/cost, institutional ties, and social connections. Parents in the high‐income group reported lower levels of consideration for logistics/cost and institutional ties than parents in the low‐income group. Parents in the high‐income group reported higher levels of consideration for social connections.Conclusion and ImplicationsParents, regardless of income, want the best for their children when they go to summer camp. They want their kids to have fun, build social skills, and develop independence and other intrapersonal skills. However, parental decisions of where to send their child to camp and parental evaluations of camp–child and camp–family fit are more nuanced. Unsurprisingly, logistics and cost are major considerations for families with low incomes, and camps need to continue to find ways to reduce barriers for kids from low‐income homes to attend camp through outreach and scholarship programs.
Recovery of Se, Zr, Pd, and Cs from simulated high‐level radioactive waste glass through phase separation
Authors: Inoue Hiroyuki , Watanabe Yasuhiro , Chung Jaeyeop , Kizaki Kazuro , Masuno Atsunobu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, elemental recovery was performed using phase separation from simulated high‐level radioactive waste (HLW) glass. To cause phase separation, SiO2 and B2O3 were added to the simulated HLW glass and adjusted the ratio of SiO2: B2O3: other oxides to 40:50:10. The phase separated glass was immersed in aqueous solutions of 0–3 mol/L of HNO3, H2SO4, and a 1:1 mixture of HCl–HNO3 at 363 K for 20 h, and the dissolution behavior of 17 elements was examined. The relationship between the dissolved mass fraction of each element and the acid concentration in the immersion liquid could be approximated by the modified sigmoid function. The recovery of stable nuclei Se, Zr, Pd, and Cs instead of long‐lived radioactive nuclei was tested using a four‐stage leaching process in which the sample was immersed sequentially in four aqueous solutions at 363 K of distilled water, HNO3, H2SO4, and a 1:1 mixture of HCl–HNO3 for 20 h. It was confirmed that Se, Zr, Pd, and Cs could be recovered selectively. Furthermore, the recovery result could be predicted based on the individual dissolution results described above.