bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regularising Transformations for Complex Differential Equations with Movable Algebraic Singularities
Authors: Kecker Thomas , Filipuk Galina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn a 1979 paper, Okamoto introduced the space of initial values for the six Painlevé equations and their associated Hamiltonian systems, showing that these define regular initial value problems at every point of an augmented phase space, a rational surface with certain exceptional divisors removed. We show that the construction of the space of initial values remains meaningful for certain classes of second-order complex differential equations, and more generally, Hamiltonian systems, where all movable singularities of all their solutions are algebraic poles (by some authors denoted the quasi-Painlevé property), which is a generalisation of the Painlevé property. The difference here is that the initial value problems obtained in the extended phase space become regular only after an additional change of dependent and independent variables. Constructing the analogue of space of initial values for these equations in this way also serves as an algorithm to single out, from a given class of equations or system of equations, those equations which are free from movable logarithmic branch points.
Progressive stopping heuristics that excel in individual and competitive sequential search
Authors: Rapoport Amnon , Seale Darryl A. , Spiliopoulos Leonidas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study the performance of heuristics relative to the performance of optimal solutions in the rich domain of sequential search, where the decision to stop the search depends only on the applicant’s relative rank. Considering multiple variants of the secretary problem, that vary from one another in their formulation and method of solution, we find that descriptive heuristics perform well only when the optimal solution prescribes a single threshold value. We show that a computational heuristic originally proposed as an approximate solution to a single variant of the secretary problem performs equally well in many other variants where the optimal solution prescribes multiple threshold values that gradually relax the criterion for stopping the search. Finally, we propose a new heuristic with near optimal performance in a competitive or strategic variant of the secretary problem with multiple employers competing with one another to hire job applicants. Both heuristics share a simple computational component: the ratio of the number of interviewed applicants to the number of those remaining to be searched. We present the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium for this competitive variant and an algorithm for its computation.
On the Frontline—A bibliometric Study on Sustainability, Development, Coronaviruses, and COVID-19
Authors: Gatto Andrea , Drago Carlo , Ruggeri Matteo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has placed the world’s population in a state of unprecedented public health and global health vulnerability. Risks to public and global health have escalated due to COVID-19 contamination. This has raised the statistics of inequity and environmental concerns. A possible outlook entails reducing the pandemic consequences by prioritizing development, biodiversity, and adaptability, offering buffer solutions. It contains vital methods for studying, comprehending, and unraveling events—examining early responses to COVID-19, sustainability, and development, relating them with overall Coronaviruses reaction. This study maps out environmental, socioeconomic, and medical/technological issues using as statistical techniques multiple correspondence analysis and validated cluster analysis. The findings encourage rapid, long-term development policy involvement to address the pandemic. The resulting crises have highlighted the necessity for the revival of health justice policies anchored in distinctive public health ethical patterns in response to them. As a general rule, resilience and preparedness will be targeted at developing and vulnerable nations and are prone to include access to vaccines, public health care, and health investment. Our findings show the relevance of innovating on sustainable development routes and yardsticks. Sustainable global health requires crucial measures in prevention, preparation, and response. Long-term policy recommendations are needed to address pandemics and their interrelated crises and foster sustained growth and socioecological protection.
Functional composition of tall-statured trees underpins aboveground biomass in tropical forests
Authors: Kunwar Suwash , Wang Li-Qiu , Kazempour Larsary Maryam , Chaudhary Rajeev , Joshi Puspa Raj , Ali Arshad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe influences of trait diversity (i.e., the niche complementarity effect) and functional composition (i.e., the mass ratio effect) on aboveground biomass (AGB) is a highly debated topic in forest ecology. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore these mechanisms in unstudied forest ecosystems to enhance our understanding, and to provide guidelines for specific forest management. Here, we hypothesized that functional composition would drive AGB better than trait diversity and stem size inequality in the (sub-) tropical forests of Nepal. Using data from 101 forest plots, we tested 25 structural equation models (SEMs) to link elevation, stem DBH inequality, trait diversity (i.e., trait richness, evenness, dispersion and divergence), functional composition [i.e., community-weighted of maximum height mean (CWM of Hmax), specific leaf area (CWM of SLA), leaf dry matter content (CWM of LDMC), and wood density (CWM of WD)] and AGB. The best-fitted SEMs indicated that CWM of Hmax promoted AGB while overruling the impacts of trait diversity indices on AGB. However, low trait diversity indices were linked with higher AGB while overruling the effects of CWM of SLA, LDMC and WD on AGB. In addition, AGB decreased with increasing elevation, whereas stem size inequality did not influence AGB. Our results suggest that divergent species’ functional strategies could shape AGB along an altitudinal gradient in tropical forests. We argue that forest management practices should include plant functional traits in the management plan for the co-benefits of biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration that underpins human wellbeing.
Estrogen Enhances Dendrite Spine Function and Recovers Deficits in Neuroplasticity in the prpTDP-43A315T Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Handley Emily E. , Reale Laura A. , Chuckowree Jyoti A. , Dyer Marcus S. , Barnett Grace L. , Clark Courtney M. , Bennett William , Dickson Tracey C. , Blizzard Catherine A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) attacks the corticomotor system, with motor cortex function affected early in disease. Younger females have a lower relative risk of succumbing to ALS than males and older females, implicating a role for female sex hormones in disease progression. However, the mechanisms driving this dimorphic incidence are still largely unknown. We endeavoured to determine if estrogen mitigates disease progression and pathogenesis, focussing upon the dendritic spine as a site of action. Using two-photon live imaging we identify, in the prpTDP-43A315T mouse model of ALS, that dendritic spines in the male motor cortex have a reduced capacity for remodelling than their wild-type controls. In contrast, females show higher capacity for remodelling, with peak plasticity corresponding to highest estrogen levels during the estrous cycle. Estrogen manipulation through ovariectomies and estrogen replacement with 17β estradiol in vivo was found to significantly alter spine density and mitigate disease severity. Collectively, these findings reveal that synpatic plasticity is reduced in ALS, which can be amelioriated with estrogen, in conjuction with improved disease outcomes.
Motives for attending cardiovascular health promotion events: An explorative analysis of the austrian “Heart Health Day”
Authors: Martin Sebastian , Hofer Katharina Maria , Grüb Birgit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality. In Austria, the disease is responsible for nearly 36% of the total deaths in 2020. Continuous cardiovascular health promotion and disease prevention become increasingly important. Events might offer an effective way to foster such cardiovascular health promotion towards the entire family. However, this form of health promotion, including the motivation to participate in such health events, has not yet been the focus of literature. This study aims to provide first explorative insights into the attendance motivation of participants of cardiovascular health promotion events. Numerous authors state that the motivation to attend events is influenced by the demographic characteristics of the visitors. Therefore, the potential impact of attendees’ demographic characteristics is explicitly included in the methodological design of this study. A survey was distributed at the Austrian ‘Heart Health Day’ and completed by 117 attendees. Results reveal that for health promotion events the dimensions of topic and individual interest in the issue of heart health were the key motivations to attend the event. Social aspects were less important for this specific health event. The study confirmed a relation between the demographic factors age and marital status towards the motivational dimensions to attend the health promotion event. By providing first explorative empirical evidence on attendance motivation in a health care setting, this study contributes to a more profound understanding of cardiovascular health promotion. Findings may help managers of healthcare events to better understand attendance motivation and more strategically plan and manage this kind of events.
Impact of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) on Reproductive Health of Human
Authors: Ghosh Abhinandan , Tripathy Adrija , Ghosh Debidas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAt present, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have gained attention in human pathophysiology, and many studies have yet been conducted to explain the mechanism of these chemical compounds on endocrine and reproductive dysfunctions. In human the maximum studies focus towards the exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and their disorders on different endocrine axises though sufficient information are not available on reproductive systems in human. A huge number of EDCs resulting the interference of the normal functions of hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis. There are several types of EDCs like pesticides, heavy metals, food additives and contaminants which are responsible to create negative impact on metabolism and alteration of the homeostasis of tissue and promoting different disorders such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, infertility etc. Genomic and nongenomic mechanisms which have been proposed to clarify these complications together with occupational or environmental exposure together, the lack of in depth studies, and the occurrence of different confusing factors have prohibited to establish the causal relationship between the reproductive cum endocrine disorders and exposure to specific EDCs so far. The aim of the manuscript is to review the scientific literature exists so far on the different hazardous effects of EDCs on reproductive health focusing the up to date mode of actions of major EDCs in this concerns.
Diagnostic accuracy of the interferon-gamma release assay in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with suspected tuberculosis infection: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Hao , Nakagawa Atsushi , Takamori Mikio , Abe Seitarou , Ueno Daisuke , Horita Nobuyuki , Kato Seiya , Seki Nobuhiko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The diagnostic accuracy of the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) in immunosuppressed patients remains unclear.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed for diagnostic test accuracy of IGRA in tuberculosis (TB) infection among people living with HIV (PLWHIV). Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity were calculated using both univariate and bivariate models.

Results
The meta-analysis included 45 of the 1,242 first-screened articles. The total number of PLWHIV was 6,525; 3,467 had TB disease, including 806 cases of LTBI and 2,661 cases of active TB. The overall diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of IGRA in the diagnosis of TB disease was 10.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.59, 25.07), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.729. The DOR was better for QFT (14.2 (95%CI 4.359, 46.463)) than T-SPOT (10.0 (95%CI 3.866 26.033)). The sensitivity and specificity of QFT and T-SPOT were 0.663 (95%CI 0.471, 0.813), 0.867 (95%CI 0.683 0.942), and 0.604 (95%CI 0.481, 0.715), 0.862 (95%CI 0.654, 0.954), respectively, in the bivariate model. The sensitivity of IGRA in the diagnosis of LTBI was 0.64 (95%CI 0.61, 0.66).

Conclusion
IGRA was useful in the diagnostic of TB disease in PLWHIV, and QFT showed a better tendency of DOR than T-SPOT. IGRA showed a limited effect to rule out LTBI in PLWHIV.
SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination in Italian health care workers: a case report
Authors: Cafiero Concetta , Palmirotta Raffaele , Micera Alessandra , Ottaiano Maria Pia , Re Agnese , Pedata Florinda , Costagliola Domenico , Ponticelli Domenico , Pisconti Salvatore , Schiavone Beniamino , Benincasa Giulio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFollowing the approval of COVID-19 vaccination program by EMA and national authorities, an immunization campaign started in Italy with BNT162b2mRNA vaccine, initially focused on healthcare workers. The active immunization was monitored by systemic antibody titration and continuous surveillance was guaranteed by antigenic/molecular tests on swabs. Cases of infection have been recently observed in vaccinated healthcare workers. Herein we describe an outbreak of infection occurring in five physicians out of 656 healthcare workers belonging to a private hospital, referring mild symptoms of COVID-19. Healthcare workers underwent complete vaccination and screening for antibody titration. Five out of 656 healthcare workers were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs and referred mild COVID-19 symptoms. Molecular analyses were carried out to identify possible variants of Spike protein. Their genotyping performed on RNA extracts highlighted the presence of del69/70, N501Y, A570D, and 1841A > G (D614G) sequence variants, all indicative of VOC 202012/01-lineage B.1.1.7, suggesting a common source of infection. These cases might represent a serious emergency because outbreaks can compromise frail patients with important concomitant diseases.
A new numerical strategy for solving nonlinear singular Emden-Fowler delay differential models with variable order
Authors: Ahmed Hoda F. , Melad Marina B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe present study is related to the numerical solutions of new mathematical models based on the variable order Emden-Fowler delay differential equations. The shifted fractional Gegenbauer, $$C_{S,j}^{(\alpha ,\mu )}(t),$$

C

S
,
j

(
α
,
μ
)

(
t
)

,

operational matrices (OMs) of VO differentiation, in conjunction with the spectral collocation method are used to solve aforementioned models numerically. The VO operator of differentiation will be used in the Caputo sense. The proposed technique simplifies these models by reducing them to systems of algebraic equations that are easy to solve. To determine the effectiveness and accuracy of the sugested technique, the absolute errors and maximum absolute errors for four realistic models are studied and illustrated by several tables and graphs at different values of the VO and the SFG parameters; $$\alpha$$
α
and $$\mu.$$

μ
.

Also numerical comparisons between the suggested technique with other numerical methods in the existing literature are held. The numerical results confirm that the suggested technique is accurate, computationally efficient and easy to implement.
Advanced shifted sixth-kind Chebyshev tau approach for solving linear one-dimensional hyperbolic telegraph type problem
Authors: Atta A. G. , Abd-Elhameed W. M. , Moatimid G. M. , Youssri Y. H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA new numerical scheme based on the tau spectral method for solving the linear hyperbolic telegraph type equation is presented and implemented. The derivation of this scheme is based on utilizing certain modified shifted Chebyshev polynomials of the sixth-kind as basis functions. For this purpose, some new formulas concerned with the modified shifted Chebyshev polynomials of the sixth-kind have been stated and proved, and after that, they serve to study the hyperbolic telegraph type equation with our proposed scheme. One advantage of using this scheme is that it reduces the problem into a system of algebraic equations that can be simplified using the Kronecker algebra analysis. The convergence and error estimate of the proposed technique are analyzed in detail. In the end, some numerical tests are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and high accuracy of the proposed scheme.
Behaviour management problems in Finnish children with operated congenital heart disease: a practice-based study
Authors: Karhumaa H. , Vähänikkilä H. , Blomqvist M. , Pätilä T. , Anttonen V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This retrospective, practice-based study investigates behaviour management problems (BMPs) in dental care among Finnish children with operated congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods
All the heart-operated children born between the years 1997 and 1999 were identified in the national ProCardio database (n = 570). Primary dental care records were requested from this population and were eventually received from 211 patients. Information on gender, diagnosis, number of heart operations and perioperative care were collected from the ProCardio database, and the CHDs were categorised as shunting/stenotic/complex/other defects. Data on BMP/dental fear, oral conscious sedation, dental general anaesthesia (DGA) and past and present caries indices at 6, 12 and 15 years (d/D, dmft/DMFT) were assessed.

Results
Notes on behaviour management problems or dental fear were found in 19% of the study population. BMPs in dental care were more frequent among boys. Children with re-operations, longer post-operative intensive care stay and hospitalisation, and complications had not more BMP than others. Those children diagnosed with syndromes had more BMP often than the rest. Past and present caries experience were significantly associated with BMP, need of oral conscious sedation and DGA. Oral conscious sedation, nitrogen oxide sedation and dental general anaesthesia were used in 17/211, 2/221 and 24/211 CHD patients, respectively.

Conclusion
Dental caries remains a main factor associated with BMP in the CHD population. Need for oral conscious sedation and DGA were rather common. To maintain a good oral health and to avoid development of BMP, CHD children benefit from focus in health promotion and preventive care.
Italian guidelines on management of persons with multimorbidity and polypharmacy
Authors: Onder Graziano , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Palmer Katie , Trevisan Caterina , Amato Laura , Berti Franco , Campomori Annalisa , Catalano Lucio , Corsonello Andrea , Kruger Paola , Medea Gerardo , Nobili Alessandro , Trifirò Gianluca , Vecchi Simona , Veronese Nicola , Marengoni Alessandra 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMultimorbidity and polypharmacy are emerging health priorities and the care of persons with these conditions is complex and challenging. The aim of the present guidelines is to develop recommendations for the clinical management of persons with multimorbidity and/or polypharmacy and to provide evidence-based guidance to improve their quality of care. The recommendations have been produced in keeping with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Overall, 14 recommendations were issued, focusing on 4 thematic areas: (1.) General Principles; (2.) target population for an individualized approach to care; (3.) individualized care of patients with multimorbidity and/or polypharmacy; (4.) models of care. These recommendations support the provision of individualized care to persons with multimorbidity and/or polypharmacy as well as the prioritization of care through the identification of persons at increased risk of negative health outcomes. Given the limited available evidence, recommendations could not be issued for all the questions defined and, therefore, some aspects related to the complex care of patients with multimorbidity and/or polypharmacy could not be covered in these guidelines. This points to the need for more research in this field and evidence to improve the care of this population.
Analytical Characterisation of Material Corrosion by Biofilms
Authors: Dang Yen T. H. , Power Aoife , Cozzolino Daniel , Dinh Khuong Ba , Ha Binh Son , Kolobaric Adam , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Truong Vi Khanh , Chapman James 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlmost every abiotic surface of a material is readily colonised by bacteria, algae, and fungi, contributing to the degradation processes of materials. Both biocorrosion and microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) refer to the interaction of microbial cells and their metabolic products, such as exopolymeric substances (EPS), with an abiotic surface. Therefore, biofouling and biodeterioration of manufactured goods have economic and environmental ramifications for the user to tackle or remove the issue. While MIC is typically applied to metallic materials, newly developed and evolving materials frequently succumb to the effects of corrosion, resulting in a range of chemical reactions and transport mechanisms occurring in the material. Recent research on biocorrosion and biofouling of conventional and novel materials is discussed in this paper, showcasing the current knowledge regarding microbial and material interactions that contribute to biocorrosion and biofouling, including biofilms, anaerobic and aerobic environments, microbial assault, and the various roles microorganisms’ play. Additionally, we show the latest analytical techniques used to characterise and identify MIC on materials using a borescope, thermal imaging, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical and epifluorescence microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry, and chemometrics.