bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of psychological stress among family care takers of cancer subjects in India- A cross-sectional study
Authors: R. Ramya , Shetty Sukanya , Bhandary Roopa , Kulkarni Vineet 
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: A rapid increase in cancer rate is one of major concerns in India. It is a well-known fact that family caretakers play an essential part in aiding cancer subjects who are in critical stage. But the psychological strain and economic impact on caretakers are not widely known. The present cross-sectional study assesses the relationship between various factors and higher burden among family caretakers of cancer subjects.

Materials and Methods: One hundred and ninety family caretakers of cancer patients who met inclusion criteria were recruited for study. A proforma was collected regarding the age, gender, social and economic status according to Modified Kuppuswamy Scale 2019, the type of family or the caregiver and their relation to the patient.

Results: Monthly income had an inter quartile range of Rs.10,000-25,000 with the median being Rs.14,000. Higher number of males participated (58.4%) as compared to the females (41.6%). Moderate to severe stress (53.3%), and severe stress (6.7%) was maximum in class 5 of the socio-economic classification. Lower income was found to be related to higher burden scores.

Conclusion: Present study showed that the burden was more among class 5 of the Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic classification. The findings suggest that education levels, occupation and monthly income are the major contribution for the burden among the caregivers.
concepto filosófico de tecnología apropiada
Authors: Ellacuría Ignacio 
Published: November 2022

El hombre es una realidad en el mundo y el mundo es parte integrante del existir humano; pero el mundo actual no es ya el mundo natural del pasado sino uno transformado por el hombre mismo a través de la técnica, la cual ha llegado hasta lo más recóndito de ese existir, dando al hombre el poder de salvación y de aniquilación, de dominación y dependencia. Esto ha cambiado las condiciones históricas actuales y los modos fundamentalmente distintos de enfrentarse el hombre a la realidad y consigo mismo. La tecnología no es pues neutra y el buscar la tecnología apropiada requiere de decisiones científicas pero también políticas. Un punto de vista estructuralista, en el cual el todo prive sobre las partes, en el que se busque el perfeccionamiento del todo social de una manera racional, puede servir de pauta para la búsqueda y aplicación de la tecnología apropiada. Esto requiere de una ética en las consideraciones socio-políticas de cuál será la tecnología que ayude a la humanización y liberación de las mayorías de una sociedad de forma que se elimine la posibilidad de sociedades dominantes y dominadas y se logre una sana interdependencia de los distintos grupos sociales y los distintos pueblos.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 34, No. 366, 1979: 213-223.
Level Moral Courage Perawat Klinis : A Descriptive Survey
Authors: Restika Indah , Sulfikar Andi , Haskas Yusran , Suarnianti Suarnianti 
Published: November 2022

Perawat sering menghadapi beragam masalah etik dalam praktik keperawatan. Moral courage menjadi strategi utama untuk menghadapi beragam dilema etik yang dihadapi perawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi level moral courage perawat klinik dalam praktik keperawatan sehari-hari di rumah sakit. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian survei yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan pada populasi besar maupun kecil dengan pendekatan potong lintang (cross sectional). Penelitian ini dilakukan di 5 lokasi berbeda di Kota Makassar. Dalam penentuan sampel penelitian, peneliti menggunakan multistage random sampling. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu 405 perawat.Analisis Frekuensi menunjukan mayoritas moral courage perawat berada pada level moderat (n= 307) (73,5%).

Moral Courage Level of Clinical Nurse : A Descriptive Survey

Abstract

Nurses often face a variety of ethical issues in nursing practice. Moral courage is the main strategy to deal with various ethical dilemmas faced by nurses. This study aims to determine the proportion of the moral courage level of clinical nurses in daily nursing practice in hospitals. The research design used was survey research, namely research conducted on large and small populations with a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted in 5 different locations in Makassar City. In determining the research sample, the researcher used multistage random sampling. The number of samples in this study were 405 nurses. Frequency analysis showed that the majority of nurses' moral courage was at a moderate level (n= 307) (73.5%).

Keywords: moral courage, ethical problems, nurses
Hubungan antara Kemandirian dan Jenis Kelamin Terhadap Kebersihan Diri Lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Teratai Palembang
Authors: Latifah Latifah , Maryam Nelly 
Published: November 2022

Lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Teratai kebersihan diri masih sangat kurang. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan terdapat 60% lansia yang masih kurang baik dalam kebersihan diri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kemandirian dan jenis kelamin pada lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Wedha Teratai Palembang. Dampak yang akan timbul pada kebersihan diri yaitu dampak fisik dan dampak psikologis. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 76 responden dengan sample random sampling. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa distribusi frekuensi responden yang berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 43 orang (56,6%). Rata-rata kemandirian lansia sebesar 11,72, dengan skor median sebesar 12,00 dan standar deviasi 3,77. Rata-rata kebersihan diri lansia sebesar 59,67, dengan skor median sebesar 60,00 dan standar deviasi 20,06. Ada hubungan jenis kelamin dengan kebersihan diri lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Teratai Palembang (ρ=0,001). Tidak Ada hubungan tingkat kemandirian dengan kebersihan diri lansia di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Teratai Palembang (ρ=0,093). Adapun saran yang diberikan diharapkan kepada pihak pengelola Panti untuk lebih meningkatkan kebersihan diri penghuni panti memberikan dampingan dan memantau kebersihan diri lansia terutama pada lansia wanita.
Hubungan Posisi Belajar dan Lama Duduk dengan Kejadian Nyeri Punggung Bawah Mahasiswa Stikes Hang Tuah Tanjungpinang
Authors: Siagian Yusnaini , Wati Liza , Widiastuti Linda , Sitindaon Soni Hendra 
Published: November 2022

Nyeri punggung bawah adalah keluhan nyeri seseorang yang dapat disebabkan oleh posisi dan lama duduk. Nyeri punggung bawah merupakan keluhan yang banyak dirasakan mahasiswa selama pembelajaran daring. Nyeri punggung bawah menyebabkan terbatasnya aktifitas sehingga dapat membuat seseorang tidak produktif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan posisi belajar dan lama duduk dengan kejadian nyeri punggung bawah pada mahasiswa Stikes Hang Tuah Tanjungpinang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 246 mahasiswa dan sampel yang diambil berjumlah 152 mahasiswa Stikes Hang Tuah Tanjungpinang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Tehnik sampling yang digunakan adalah cluster random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan paling banyak mahasiswa berumur 20-29 tahun yaitu 102 orang (67,1%), mayoritas perempuan sebanyak 127 orang (83,6%), paling banyak mahasiswa program studi S1 keperawatan reguler yaitu sebanyak 64 orang (42,1%) dan sebagian besar mahasiswa memiliki IMT dengan kategori berat badan normal sebanyak 43 orang (28,3%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan kejadian nyeri punggung bawah dengan posisi belajar (p value 0,000), lama duduk (p value 0,000), usia (p value 0,000), dan IMT (p value 0,000). Namun tidak ada hubungan kejadian nyeri punggung bawah dengan jenis kelamin (p value 0,152). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan ada hubungan posisi belajar dan lama duduk dengan kejadian nyeri punggung bawah. Saran bagi mahasiswa agar memperhatikan lama, sikap duduk dan cara duduk saat perkuliahan sehingga kelelahan atau ketegangan pada punggung dapat dikurangi dengan cara berdiri atau berjalan beberapa menit. Bagi dosen memberikan waktu bagi mahasiswa untuk melemaskan ketegangan pinggang atau punggung saat perkuliahan berlangsung seperti berdiri dan senam ditempat.

Kata kunci : Posisi Belajar, Lama Duduk, Kejadian Nyeri Punggung Bawah
The simulation of mineral dust in the United Kingdom Earth System Model UKESM1
Authors: Woodward Stephanie , Sellar Alistair A. , Tang Yongming , Stringer Marc , Yool Andrew , Robertson Eddy , Wiltshire Andy 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Mineral dust plays an important role in Earth system models and is linked to many components, including atmospheric wind speed, precipitation and radiation, surface vegetation cover and soil properties and oceanic biogeochemical systems. In this paper, the dust scheme in the first configuration of the United Kingdom Earth System Model UKESM1 is described, and simulations of dust and its radiative effects are presented and compared with results from the parallel coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model (GCM) HadGEM3-GC3.1. Not only changes in the driving model fields but also changes in the dust size distribution are shown to lead to considerable differences to the present-day dust simulations and to projected future changes. UKESM1 simulations produce a present-day, top-of-the-atmosphere (ToA) dust direct radiative effect (DRE – defined as the change in downward net flux directly due to the presence of dust) of 0.086 W m−2 from a dust load of 19.5 Tg. Under climate change pathways these values decrease considerably. In the 2081–2100 mean of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP5–8.45 ToA DRE reaches 0.048 W m−2 from a load of 15.1 Tg. In contrast, in HadGEM3-GC3.1 the present-day values of −0.296 W m−2 and 15.0 Tg are almost unchanged at −0.289 W m−2 and 14.5 Tg in the 2081–2100 mean. The primary mechanism causing the differences in future dust projections is shown to be the vegetation response, which dominates over the direct effects of warming in our models. Though there are considerable uncertainties associated with any such estimates, the results presented demonstrate both the importance of the size distribution for dust modelling and also the necessity of including Earth system processes such as interactive vegetation in dust simulations for climate change studies.
Relatively oxidized conditions for diamond formation at Udachnaya (Siberia)
Authors: Faccincani Luca , Cerantola Valerio , Nestola Fabrizio , Nimis Paolo , Ziberna Luca , Pasqualetto Leonardo , Chumakov Aleksandr I. , Harris Jeffrey W. , Coltorti Massimo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Thanks to the physical strength of diamonds and their relatively unreactive
chemical nature, their mineral inclusions may remain exceptionally preserved
from alteration processes and chemical exchanges with surrounding minerals,
fluids and/or melts following diamond formation. Cr-bearing spinels are
relatively common inclusions found in peridotitic diamonds and important
oxybarometers providing information about the oxygen fugacity (fO2)
of their source mantle rocks. Here, we investigated a
magnesiochromite–olivine touching pair in a diamond from the Udachnaya
kimberlite (Siberia) by in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction and
energy-domain synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy, aiming to constrain
the physical–chemical conditions of diamond formation and to explore the
redox state of this portion of the Siberian craton when the diamond was
formed. The P–T–fO2 entrapment conditions of the inclusion pair, determined
by thermo- and oxybarometric analyses, are ∼ 5.7(0.4) GPa and ∼ 1015(50) ∘C (although entrapment at higher T
and re-equilibration during subsequent mantle storage are also possible) and
fO2 near the enstatite–magnesite–olivine–diamond (EMOD) buffer. The
determined fO2 is similar to, or slightly more oxidized than, those
of xenoliths from Udachnaya, but whilst the xenoliths last equilibrated with
the surrounding mantle just prior to their entrainment in the kimberlite at
∼ 360 Ma, the last equilibration of the inclusion pair is much
older, occurring at 3.5–3.1, ∼ 2 or ∼ 1.8 Ga before final encapsulation in its host diamond. Hence, the similarity
between xenoliths and inclusion fO2 values indicates that the modern redox
state of this portion of the Siberian lithosphere was likely attained
relatively early after its formation and may have persisted for billions of
years after diamond formation, at least at the local scale. Moreover, the
oxygen fugacity determination for the inclusion pair provides direct
evidence of diamond formation near the EMOD buffer and is consistent with
recent models suggesting relatively oxidized, water-rich CHO fluids as the
most likely parents for lithospheric diamonds.
Influence of intensive agriculture and geological heterogeneity on the recharge of an arid aquifer system (Saq–Ram, Arabian Peninsula) inferred from GRACE data
Authors: Seraphin Pierre , Gonçalvès Julio , Hamelin Bruno , Stieglitz Thomas , Deschamps Pierre 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. This study assesses the detailed water budget of the Saq–Ram Aquifer System (520 000 km2) over the 2002–2019 period using satellite gravity data from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE). The three existing GRACE solutions were tested for their local compatibility to compute groundwater storage (GWS) variations in combination with the three soil moisture datasets available from the land surface models (LSMs) of the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). Accounting for groundwater pumping, artificial recharge, and natural discharge uniformly distributed over the Saq–Ram domain, the GRACE-derived mass balance calculation for water yields a long-term estimate of the domain-averaged natural recharge of (2.4±1.4) mm yr−1, corresponding to (4.4±2.6) % of the annual average rainfall (AAR). Beyond the regional-scale approach proposed here, spatial heterogeneities regarding the groundwater recharge were identified. The first source of heterogeneity is of anthropogenic origin: chiefly induced by irrigation excess over irrigated surfaces (about 1 % of the domain), artificial recharge corresponds to half of the total recharge of the aquifer. The second source of recharge heterogeneity identified here is natural: volcanic lava deposits (called harrats on the Arabian Peninsula) which cover 8 % of the Saq–Ram aquifer domain but contribute to more than 50 % of the natural recharge. Hence, in addition to this application on the Arabian Peninsula, this study strongly indicates a major control of geological context on arid aquifer recharge, which has been poorly discussed hitherto. Due to large lag times of the diffuse recharge mechanism, the annual analysis using this GRACE–GLDAS approach in arid domains should be limited to areas where focused recharge is the main mechanism, while long-term analysis is valid regardless of the recharge mechanism. Moreover, it appears that about 15 years of GRACE records are required to obtain a relevant long-term recharge estimate.
Timing landslide and flash flood events from SAR satellite: a regionally applicable methodology illustrated in African cloud-covered tropical environments
Authors: Deijns Axel A. J. , Dewitte Olivier , Thiery Wim , d'Oreye Nicolas , Malet Jean-Philippe , Kervyn François 
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Landslides and flash floods are geomorphic hazards (GHs) that often co-occur and interact. They generally occur very quickly, leading to catastrophic socioeconomic impacts. Understanding the temporal patterns of occurrence of GH events is essential for hazard assessment, early warning, and disaster risk reduction strategies. However, temporal information is often poorly constrained, especially in frequently cloud-covered tropical regions, where optical-based satellite data are insufficient. Here we present a regionally applicable methodology to accurately estimate GH event timing that requires no prior knowledge of the GH event timing, using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing. SAR can penetrate through clouds and therefore provides an ideal tool for constraining GH event timing. We use the open-access Copernicus Sentinel-1 (S1) SAR satellite that provides global coverage, high spatial resolution (∼10–15 m), and a high repeat time (6–12 d) from 2016 to 2020. We investigate the amplitude, detrended amplitude, spatial amplitude correlation, coherence, and detrended coherence time series in their suitability to constrain GH event timing. We apply the methodology on four recent large GH events located in Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) containing a total of about 2500 manually mapped landslides and flash flood features located in several contrasting landscape types. The amplitude and detrended amplitude time series in our methodology do not prove to be effective in accurate GH event timing estimation, with
estimated timing accuracies ranging from a 13 to 1000 d difference. A clear increase in accuracy is obtained from spatial amplitude correlation (SAC) with estimated timing accuracies ranging from a 1 to 85 d difference. However, the most accurate results are achieved with coherence and detrended coherence with estimated timing accuracies ranging from a 1 to 47 d difference. The amplitude time series reflect the influence of seasonal dynamics, which cause the timing estimations to be further away from the actual GH event occurrence compared to the other data products. Timing estimations are generally closer to the actual GH event occurrence for GH events within homogenous densely vegetated landscape and further for GH events within complex cultivated heterogenous landscapes. We believe that the complexity of the different contrasting landscapes we study is an added value for the transferability of the methodology, and together with the open-access and global coverage of S1 data it has the potential to be widely applicable.
THE WAR AS A RESULT OF THE FRAGILE PEACE: THE CONCEPTUAL LOGIC OF WAR
Authors: Parakhonskyi Borys , Yavorska Halyna 
Published: November 2022

In times of war, the theoretical problems of the essence of war and peace acquire a practical dimension. The experience of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which became a key factor in changes in the international security system, requires understanding. The full-scale and unprovoked invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine, as well as the further development of the conflict, dramatically changed the international community's perception of the stability of peace in Europe. The war prompted a revision of the assumptions about the nature of modern conflicts. Assumptions about a reduction in the weight of traditional means of warfare turned out to be premature. At the same time, non-kinetic military tools, in particular cognitive ones, retain their weight.
This article aims at defining the semantic logic of war and peace as relative concepts considered in a single conceptual space. The basic concept in this relationship is war, and peace is its conventional consequence. An analysis of the discursive implementation of both concepts allows us to project them onto political processes and determine the status of war and peace as reality. Particular attention is paid to the power of discourse.
In conclusion, the authors propose a Ukrainian Peace Strategy project, with 12 points representing the Ukrainian vision of the goals necessary to end the war.
NATO ENLARGEMENT AS A FALSE EXCUSE FOR RUSSIA’S WAR AGAINST UKRAINE
Authors: Sydoruk Tetiana , Pavliuk Viktor 
Published: November 2022

The paper examines the discussion of the origins of Russia’s present-day aggression and militarism, between those accusing NATO of unjustified intrusion into the Russian “sphere of influence”, and those deeming that Putin’s bellicose Anti-Western sentiment is a product of his need to consolidate and legitimize his power within Russia. The authors prove that domestic factors were significantly more important. The development of Ukraine’s partnership with NATO and the prospects of the Alliance’s further enlargement were only a false excuse for Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. V. Putin’s genuine fear is not NATO but the rise of successful democratic western-oriented countries along Russia’s borders, especially Ukraine. It is unjustified to blame the Alliance while Putin wants to destroy Ukraine as an independent state and is ready to indiscriminately kill Ukrainian civilians. However, NATO took the disadvantageous approach of pursuing a policy of pretending that Ukraine and Georgia were on their way to Alliance membership, while, in reality, the question of their integration has been kept in limbo since the 2008 Bucharest summit. Russia probably interpreted it as a window of opportunity to change the situation to its own benefit while these countries had no “insurance policy” from NATO.
THE ISSUES IN THE COLLECTION, VERIFICATION AND ACTIONABILITY OF CITIZEN-DERIVED AND CROWDSOURCED INTELLIGENCE DURING THE RUSSIAN INVASION OF UKRAINE, 2022
Authors: Burke Paul 
Published: November 2022

When Russia invaded Ukraine on 24 February 2022, a war was opened on four fronts simultaneously, in the North, the East, the Southwest and the South. With Ukrainian troops immediately committed to battle along multiple axes of Russian advances, the importance of accurate and actionable Intelligence was key from the start. Alongside the usual military and civilian elements of the Ukrainian Intelligence community were Ukrainian citizens desperate to contribute what they were seeing and hearing on the ground as the invasion unfolded. Tools were rapidly made available for citizens to report sightings of Russian military activity, which were then verified and processed by Ukrainian Intelligence and where possible, were turned into actionable end-product reporting for military targeting. Such citizen-derived or crowdsourced Intelligence has provided an additional strand of source reporting for Ukraine during the conflict, yet its collection and use is not without its issues. Ethical issues are created, such as citizens putting themselves in ever-greater danger to collect information which they believe may be useful. This creates an additional problem of the potential attribution by the aggressor, of such a citizen as an informant, along with the concomitant risks which that brings. Policy needs to sufficiently incorporate citizen Intelligence to allow actions to be taken based on this product, especially lethal strikes. Practical issues include an increased volume of raw material for human analysts to process, before actionable Intelligence can be produced. This paper addresses these issues and signposts additional issues that require further research.