bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of genetic variation in E3 SUMO-protein ligase CBX4 with noise-induced hearing loss
Authors: Wang Boshen , Wan Liu , Sun Peng , Zhang Ludi , Han Lei , Zhang Hengdong , Zhang Juan , Pu Yuepu , Zhu Baoli 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a multifactorial disease caused by environmental, genetic and epigenetic variables. SUMOylation is a post-translational modification that regulates biological processes. The objective of this study was to determine the link between genetic variation in the chromobox 4 (CBX4) and the risk of NIHL. This study applied a case–control design with 588 cases and 582 controls, and the sample was predominantly male (93.76%). The T allele of CBX4 rs1285250 was found to be significantly linked with NIHL (P = 0.002) and showed strong associations in both the codominant and recessive models (TT versus CC, P = 0.005; TT/TC versus CC, P = 0.009). By constructing a mouse model of hearing loss because of noise exposure, changes in hearing thresholds were observed in noise-exposed mice, along with a decrease in the number of cochlear hair cells. Furthermore, noise promotes cochlear hair cell apoptosis by inducing SP1/CBX4 pathway activation. Further functional studies demonstrated that SP1 has an influence on the promoter activity of the CBX4 rs1285250 intron, with the promoter activity of the T allele being higher than that of the C allele. Knockdown of transcription factor SP1 reduced the expression of CBX4 expression and simultaneously reduced apoptosis in HEI-OC1 cells. Together, our findings have shown that CBX4 genetic polymorphism rs1285250 T-allele was associated with increased risk of NIHL and might be used as biomarkers for male workers exposed to noise. Furthermore, we speculate that the CBX4 of rs1285250 T-allele leads to a stronger potential enhancer activity from a predicted gain of stronger SP1 binding.
Reevaluating Constructivist Norm Theory: A Three-Dimensional Norms Research Program
Authors: Lantis Jeffrey S , Wunderlich Carmen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConstructivist theories of norm dynamics offer a variety of analytical tools to understand the complex processes of norm emergence, diffusion, and evolution over time. As the literature has developed, though, it lacks a general framing of the interconnections between norms, norm clusters or configurations, and principles or “normativity.” This article advances a new three-dimensional model of constructivist theories of norms that emphasizes the spatial dimensions of norm meanings, legitimacy, and impact and identifies promising avenues for research progress. First, individual norms represent a primary intersubjective structural component that is both developed and contested. Second, theories of norm interrelations or norm clusters provide additional critical dimensions of structuration that may promote resiliency in the face of contestation. Third, norms exist within a larger constellation of norm structures, representing the broadest dimension in world politics. Collisions can occur in this environment, but broader normativity and institutionalization often become activated in the face of serious challenges. As demonstrated using the illustration of international responses to the Syrian civil war (2011 till present), only by attending to all three dimensions of norms can we gain a more accurate understanding of real-world circumstances of norm connections, norm collisions, and the variable effects of norm contestation. The article concludes by identifying promising research avenues building from the three-dimensional framework.
Introducing Web in a Telephone Employee Survey: Effects on Nonresponse and Costs
Authors: Mackeben Jan , Sakshaug Joseph W 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolicy decisions in business and economic fields are often informed by surveys of employees. Many employee surveys use costly interviewer-administered modes to reach this special population. However, certain employee subgroups may be especially hard to reach using these modes. Thus, besides high administration costs, nonresponse bias is a concern. To reduce costs and potential nonresponse bias, some employee surveys have introduced web as part of a sequential mixed-mode design. However, the impact of introducing web on response rates, nonresponse bias, and costs in employee surveys is understudied. The present study addresses this research gap by analyzing a mode design experiment in which employees selected for a national survey in Germany were randomly assigned to a single-mode telephone design or a sequential web-telephone mixed-mode design. The study revealed four main findings. First, introducing the web mode significantly increased the response rate compared to the single-mode design. Second, despite the higher response rate, aggregate nonresponse bias was higher in the mixed-mode design than in the single-mode design. Third, the likelihood of web participation varied across certain employee subgroups, including occupation type and employment contract. Lastly, potential cost savings were evident under the mixed-mode design.
‘Her body is Divided From Her Head’: Beheading and Biblical Intertextuality in Elizabeth Cary’s The Tragedy of Mariam
Authors: Cadman Daniel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Elizabeth Cary’s play, The Tragedy of Mariam (1613), culminates with the execution by beheading of the play’s protagonist on the orders of her husband, the tyrannical Herod the Great. By executing Mariam, Herod attempts to re-establish his authority in Jerusalem after a rumour of his death has unleashed a wave of resistance and instability across his state. This article focuses upon the choice of beheading as the mode of execution and argues that the play’s biblical setting invites comparisons with Old Testament representations of beheading (including those in the stories of David and Judith). These beheadings occur as part of narratives of resistance against tyranny and overbearing patriarchs. The article argues that Herod’s attempts to harness beheading as a means of stabilising his state, as well as the broader cultural recognition of headlessness as a symbol of feminine disorder, are offset by the anti-tyrannical and anti-patriarchal properties of biblical beheading.
Quasar feedback survey: multiphase outflows, turbulence, and evidence for feedback caused by low power radio jets inclined into the galaxy disc
Authors: Girdhar A , Harrison C M , Mainieri V , Bittner A , Costa T , Kharb P , Mukherjee D , Arrigoni Battaia F , Alexander D M , Calistro Rivera G , Circosta C , De Breuck C , Edge A C , Farina E P , Kakkad D , Lansbury G B , Molyneux S J , Mullaney J R , S Silpa , Thomson A P , Ward S R 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a study of a luminous, $z\, =\, 0.15$, type-2 quasar ($L_{[\rm O III]}$ = 1042.8 erg s−1) from the Quasar Feedback Survey. It is classified as ‘radio-quiet’ ($L_{\mathrm{1.4\, GHz}}$ = 1023.8 W Hz−1); however, radio imaging reveals ∼ 1 kpc low-power radio jets (Pjet = 1044 erg s−1) inclined into the plane of the galaxy disc. We combine MUSE and ALMA observations to map stellar kinematics and ionized and molecular gas properties. The jets are seen to drive galaxy-wide bi-conical turbulent outflows, reaching W80 = 1000 – 1300 km s−1, in the ionized phase (traced via optical emission lines), which also have increased electron densities compared to the quiescent gas. The turbulent gas is driven perpendicular to the jet axis and is escaping along the galaxy minor axis, reaching 7.5 kpc on both sides. Traced via CO(3–2) emission, the turbulent material in molecular gas phase is one-third as spatially extended and has three times lower velocity-dispersion as compared to ionized gas. The jets are seen to be strongly interacting with the interstellar medium (ISM) through enhanced ionized emission and disturbed/depleted molecular gas at the jet termini. We see further evidence for jet-induced feedback through significantly higher stellar velocity-dispersion aligned, and co-spatial with, the jet axis ($\lt 5\, ^{\circ }$). We discuss possible negative and positive feedback scenarios arising due to the interaction of the low-power jets with the ISM in the context of recent jet–ISM interaction simulations, which qualitatively agree with our observations. We discuss how jet-induced feedback could be an important feedback mechanism even in bolometrically luminous ‘radio-quiet’ quasars.
A train of shocks at 3000-au scale? Exploring the clash of an expanding bubble into the NGC 1333 IRAS 4 region. SOLIS XIV
Authors: De Simone Marta , Codella Claudio , Ceccarelli Cecilia , López-Sepulcre Ana , Neri Roberto , Rivera-Ortiz Pedro Ruben , Busquet Gemma , Caselli Paola , Bianchi Eleonora , Fontani Francesco , Lefloch Bertrand , Oya Yoko , Pineda Jaime E 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
There is evidence that the star formation process is linked to the intricate net of filaments in molecular clouds, which may be also due to gas compression from external triggers. We studied the southern region of the Perseus NGC 1333 molecular cloud, known to be heavily shaped by similar external triggers, to shed light on the process that perturbed the filament where the Class 0 IRAS4 protostars lie. We use new IRAM-NOEMA observations of SiO and CH3OH, both known to trace violent events as shocks, towards IRAS 4A as part of the Large Program Seeds Of Life In Space (SOLIS). We detected three parallel elongated (&gt;6000 au) structures, called fingers, with narrow-line profiles (∼1.5 km s−1) peaked at the cloud systemic velocity, tracing gas with high density ((5–20) × 105 cm−3) and high temperature (80–160 K). They are chemically different, with the northern finger traced by both SiO and CH3OH ([CH3OH]/[SiO] ∼ 160–300), while the other two only by SiO ([CH3OH]/[SiO] ≤ 40). Among various possibilities, a train of three shocks, distanced by ≥5000 yr, would be consistent with the observations if a substantial fraction of silicon, frozen on to the grain mantles, is released by the shocks. We suggest that the shock train is due to an expanding gas bubble, coming behind NGC 1333 from the south-west and clashing against the filament where IRAS 4A lies. Finally, we propose a solution to the two-decades-long debate on the nature and origin of the widespread narrow SiO emission observed in the south part of NGC 1333, namely that it is due to unresolved trains of shocks.
Effects of charge exchange on the evaporative wind of HD 209458b
Authors: Debrecht Alex , Carroll-Nellenback Jonathan , Frank Adam , Blackman Eric G , Fossati Luca , Murray-Clay Ruth , McCann John 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The role of charge exchange in shaping exoplanet photoevaporation remains a topic of contention. Exchange of electrons between stellar wind protons from the exoplanet’s host star and neutral hydrogen from the planet’s wind has been proposed as a mechanism to create ‘energetic neutral atoms’ (ENAs), which could explain the high absorption line velocities observed in systems where mass-loss is occurring. In this paper, we present results from three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of the mass-loss of a planet similar to HD 209458b. We self-consistently launch a planetary wind by calculating the ionization and heating resulting from incident high-energy radiation, inject a stellar wind into the simulation, and allow electron exchange between the stellar and planetary winds. We predict the potential production of ENAs by the wind–wind interaction analytically, and then present the results of our simulations, which confirm the analytic limits. Within the limits of our hydrodynamic simulation, we find that charge exchange with the stellar wind properties examined here is unable to explain the absorption observed at high Doppler velocities.
FGC 1287 and its enigmatic 250 kpc long HI tail in the outskirts of Abell 1367
Authors: Scott T C , Cortese L , Lagos P , Brinks E , Finoguenov A , Coccato L 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
We present H i and radio continuum, narrow-band Hα imaging, IFU spectroscopy, and X-ray observations of the FGC 1287 triplet projected ∼1.8 Mpc west of the galaxy cluster Abell 1367. One triplet member, FGC 1287, displays an exceptionally long, 250 kpc H i tail and an unperturbed stellar disc which are the typical signatures of ram pressure stripping (RPS). To generate detectable RPS signatures the presence of an Intracluster medium ICM or intragroup medium IGM with sufficient density to produce RPS at a realistic velocity relative to the ICM or IGM is a prerequisite. However, XMM–Newton observations were not able to detect X-ray emission from the triplet, implying that if a hot ICM/IGM is present, its density, ne, is less than 2.6 × 10−5 cm−3. Higher resolution VLA H i data presented here show FGC 1287’s H i disc is truncated and significantly warped, whereas the H i tail is clumpy. TNG Hα imaging identified three star-forming clumps projected within 20 kpc of FGC 1287’s disc, with VIMOS–IFU data confirming two of these are counterparts to H i clumps in the tail. The triplet’s H i kinematics, together with Hα and radio continuum imaging suggests an interaction may have enhanced star formation in FGC 1287’s disc, but cannot readily account for the origin of the long H i tail. We consider several scenarios which might reconcile RPS with the non-detection of ICM or IGM X-ray emission but none of these unambiguously explains the origin of the long H i tail.
Phylogenetic relationship and habitat both impact the gut microbiome in two microendemic gastropods
Authors: Walters Ashley D , Arp Alex , Cerbie Gina M , Trujillo Daniel A , Kiss Andor J , Berg David J 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Bacterial communities associated with eukaryotes play important roles in the physiology, development and health of their hosts. Additionally, the composition of microbes associated with eukaryotes can be indicative of evolutionary history, environment and life history. Here, we investigated the microbial ecology of two sympatric caenogastropod taxa belonging to the family Hydrobiidae, Juturnia kosteri and Pyrgulopsis roswellensis. The diversity and composition of the microbiota were described based on high-throughput Illumina sequencing targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The observed bacterial diversity was distributed over 16 phyla, with the greatest number of 16S rRNA gene sequences derived from Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes and Planctomycetes. These results document the presence of highly diverse gut bacterial communities in the two hydrobiid species. While alpha-diversity measures were consistent across species and sites, beta-diversity measures revealed significant differences in species, collection site and the interaction of both variables. These results indicate a mixed interaction, with both species and site impacting the microbiome. However, principal coordinate analysis indicated no separation between snail species at site BLU7 (Bitter Lake Unit 7). The high impact of site on microbial communities implies that although these species have different phylogenetic histories, they show similarities in their microbiomes when occupying overlapping habitats. Further investigation into biotic and abiotic factors is necessary to elucidate differences in microbial communities between sympatric snail species.
Successful use of tofacitinib in reactive arthritis refractory to conventional therapies – a case series
Authors: Maikap Debashis , Padhan Prasanta 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Reactive arthritis is an immune-mediated aseptic arthritis resulting from either genitourinary or gastrointestinal tract in a genetically susceptible host. It commonly presents as oligoarthritis of the lower limbs with or without extra-articular features such as urethritis and non-purulent conjunctivitis. Therapies include non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), conventional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and, rarely, biologics in severe cases. We report the successful use of tofacitinib in four cases of reactive arthritis who failed to respond to conventional therapies.
Exoplanets, extraterrestrial life and beyond: an interview with Douglas Lin
Authors: Xin (辛玲) Ling 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In a survey released by the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine in November 2021, the search for Earth-like planets outside our solar system was identified as a major goal for astronomy over the next 10 years. National Science Review invites Douglas N.C. Lin (林潮), emeritus professor of astrophysics from the University of California, Santa Cruz, who has studied planet formation, evolution and solar system dynamics for almost five decades, to look back on exoplanet research, a field that has expanded exponentially in the past 30 years, and to envision the opportunities and challenges in our search for habitable worlds. As the founding director of the Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics at Peking University, Lin offers his insights on how China's astronomical community can benefit more from collaboration, and what young scientists could do to seize the opportunities offered by what he calls ‘a golden era of exoplanet research’.
Ultrasound-Guided Suprazygomatic Nerve Blocks to the Pterygopalatine Fossa: A Safe Procedure
Authors: Smith Cameron R , Dickinson Katie J , Carrazana Gabriela , Beyer Astrid , Spana Jessica C , Teixeira Fernanda J P , Zamajtuk Kyle , Maciel Carolina B , Busl Katharina M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Large-scale procedural safety data on pterygopalatine fossa nerve blocks (PPFBs) performed via a suprazygomatic, ultrasound-guided approach are lacking, leading to hesitancy surrounding this technique. The aim of this study was to characterize the safety of PPFB.

Methods
This retrospective chart review examined the records of adults who received an ultrasound-guided PPFB between January 1, 2016, and August 30, 2020, at the University of Florida. Indications included surgical procedures and nonsurgical pain. Clinical data describing PPFB were extracted from medical records. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables, and quantitative variables were analyzed with the paired t test to detect differences between before and after the procedure.

Results
A total of 833 distinct PPFBs were performed on 411 subjects (59% female, mean age 48.5 years). Minor oozing from the injection site was the only reported side effect, in a single subject. Although systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were significantly different before and after the procedure (132.3 vs 136.4 mm Hg, P &lt; 0.0001; 78.2 vs 80.8, P = 0.0003; and 97.8% vs 96.3%, P &lt; 0.0001; respectively), mean arterial pressure and diastolic blood pressure were not significantly different (96.2 vs 97.1 mm Hg, P = 0.1545, and 78.2 vs 77.4 mm Hg, P = 0.1314, respectively). Similar results were found within subgroups, including subgroups by sex, race, and indication for PPFB.

Discussion
We have not identified clinically significant adverse effects from PPFB performed with an ultrasound-guided suprazygomatic approach in a large cohort in the hospital setting. PPFBs are a safe and well-tolerated pain management strategy; however, prospective multicenter studies are needed.
Culture, Lending Relationships, and the Cost of Credit
Authors: Albareto Giorgio , Galardo Maddalena , Mistrulli Paolo Emilio , Sorvillo Bianca 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe provide evidence on how cultural differences affect loan pricing by using a unique data set from the Italian Credit Register. We show that immigrants pay more for credit compared with natives and that this difference is smaller for immigrants who have Italian parents and for those belonging to the Christian religion. Furthermore, we find that the gap between immigrants and natives narrows as the amount of information shared among lenders through the credit register increases. This suggests that most of the higher cost of credit paid by immigrants is due to statistical discrimination rather than taste-based discrimination. (JEL G21, J15, J71)
Utility of the breath-holding test in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Yeo Jina , Kim Ju Yeon , Kim Mi Hyeon , Park Jun Won , Park Jin Kyun , Lee Eun Bong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Cardiopulmonary involvement is a major cause of death in patients with SSc. This study evaluated the clinical utility and reliability of breath-holding test (BHT) in evaluating cardiopulmonary function in patients with SSc.

Methods
Seventy-two prospectively enrolled patients with SSc underwent BHT and the 6 min walk test (6MWT), along with measurements of the Borg dyspnoea scale and Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ). Data on pulmonary function test and echocardiography were also collected. Validity was assessed based on the correlations between the best BHT and relevant clinical parameters. To assess the reliability of BHT, an additional 31 patients with SSc underwent BHTs twice within 2 week intervals.

Results
Mean (s.d.) best BHT time was 38.4 (15.7) s, and 6MWT distance was 473.5 (95.5) m. BHT showed significant correlations with the Borg dyspnoea scale before (r = −0.367, P &lt; 0.001) and after (r = −0.285, P = 0.016) testing, whereas 6MWT were correlated with the Borg dyspnoea scale after (r = −0.351, P = 0.002) but not before (r = −0.113, P = 0.343) testing. BHT time was correlated with diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (%, r = 0.426, P &lt; 0.001), forced vital capacity (litres, r = 0.373, P = 0.001), pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (mmHg, r = −0.272, P = 0.031) and SHAQ score (r = −0.470, P &lt; 0.001), but not with left ventricular ejection fraction (%, r = −0.135, P = 0.263). BHT showed excellent reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (2, 1) of 0.943 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.97).

Conclusion
BHT, a simple and less time-consuming test, shows excellent reliability and significant correlation with the Borg scale, SHAQ and pulmonary parameters. These results suggest that BHT might be a useful surrogate marker of pulmonary capacity in SSc patients.

Trial registration number
NCT04484948.
Large body movements on video polysomnography are associated with daytime dysfunction in children with restless sleep disorder
Authors: Liu Wei K , Dye Thomas J , Horn Paul , Patterson Connor , Garner David , Simakajornboon Narong 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Restless sleep disorder (RSD) is a newly defined sleep-related movement disorder characterized by large muscle movements (LMM) in sleep. We examined the sleep study, clinical characteristics, and daytime functioning in children with RSD and compared them to children with periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) or restless legs syndrome (RLS). Video polysomnography from 47 children with restless sleep was retrospectively reviewed for LMM and age- and sex-matched to 34 children with PLMD and 12 children with RLS. Data examined included PSG characteristics, ferritin, Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Fourteen children met the clinical criteria for RSD with an LMM index of 5 or more per hour of sleep. Mean ESS was elevated in patients with RSD compared to either the PLMD or RLS groups though the result did not reach statistical significance (RSD = 10.20 ± 6.81, PLMD = 6.19 ± 4.14, RLS = 6.25 ± 4.90). The PedsQL score was significantly decreased in the RLS group compared to RSD and was reduced overall in all three groups (PedsQL Total RSD = 70.76 ± 18.05, PLMD = 57.05 ± 20.33, RLS = 53.24 ± 16.97). Serum ferritin values were similar in all three groups (RSD = 26.89 ± 10.29, PLMD = 33.91 ± 20.31, RLS = 23.69 ± 12.94 ng/mL, p = ns). Children with RSD demonstrate increased daytime sleepiness compared to PLMD or RLS and all three disease groups showed decreased quality of life. Further studies are needed to examine long-term consequences of RSD.