bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procedural learning and school‐age language outcomes in children with and without a history of late talking
Authors: Kautto Anna , Mainela‐Arnold Elina 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground‘Late talkers’ (LTs) are toddlers with late language emergence that cannot be explained by other impairments. It is difficult to predict which of these children continue to present long‐term restrictions in language abilities and will later be identified as having a developmental language disorder. Procedural memory weaknesses have been suggested to underlie developmental language disorders, but have not been investigated in LTs.AimsWe investigated the relationships between aspects of procedural memory and school‐age language abilities in children with and without a history of LT. We hypothesized that children with a history of LT exhibit (1) restrictions in procedural memory when compared with children with typical early development (TED); and (2) a positive association between procedural memory and school‐age language abilities.Methods & ProceduresWe recruited 79 children (7;5–10;5), 43 of whom had a history of LT. Aspects of procedural memory, procedural learning and motor planning were assessed using the serial reaction time and the end‐state comfort tasks. School‐age language abilities were measured using standardized tests.Outcomes & ResultsCounter to expectations, motor planning was not associated with a history of LT or school‐age language abilities, and the children with TED did not show stronger procedural learning as compared with peers with a history of LT. However, weaker school‐age language abilities were associated with weak procedural learning in TED group.Conclusions & ImplicationsFactors other than deficits in procedural memory are likely to underlie LT. Procedural learning shows promise as a potential predictor of language development in children that are not identified as LTs.What this paper addsWhat is already known on the subjectPoor procedural learning has been associated with developmental language disorders and suggested to underlie language difficulties. However, to our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate procedural learning and its associations with language outcomes in LTs.What this paper adds to existing knowledgeConsistent with prior research, we found an association between language abilities and procedural learning in school‐aged children, but found no evidence for poor procedural learning in children with a history of LT. Furthermore, the school‐age language outcomes were only associated with procedural learning in children with no history of LT.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?Our findings suggest that factors other than limitations in procedural learning underlie LT. However, procedural learning could be a useful predictor for school‐aged language outcomes in children not identified as LTs.
Comprehensive risk profiles of family history and lifestyle and metabolic risk factors in relation to diabetes: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ye Chaojie , Wang Yiying , Kong Lijie , Zhao Zhiyun , Li Mian , Xu Yu , Xu Min , Lu Jieli , Wang Shuangyuan , Lin Hong , Chen Yuhong , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang , Bi Yufang , Wang Tiange 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundFamily history of diabetes, unhealthy lifestyles, and metabolic disorders are individually associated with higher risk of diabetes, but how different combinations of the three risk categories are associated with incident diabetes remains unclear. We aimed to estimate the associations of comprehensive risk profiles of family history and lifestyle and metabolic risk factors with diabetes risk.MethodsThis study included 5290 participants without diabetes at baseline with a mean follow‐up of 4.4 years. Five unhealthy lifestyles and five metabolic disorders were each allocated a score, resulting in an aggregated lifestyle and metabolic risk score ranging from 0 to 5. Eight risk profiles were constructed from combinations of three risk categories: family history of diabetes (yes, no), lifestyle risk (high, low), and metabolic risk (high, low).ResultsCompared with the profile without any risk category, other profiles exhibited incrementally higher risks of diabetes with increasing numbers of categories: the hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) for diabetes ranged from 1.34 (1.01–1.79) to 2.33 (1.60–3.39) for profiles with one risk category, ranged from 2.42 (1.45–4.04) to 4.18 (2.42–7.21) for profiles with two risk categories, and was 4.59 (2.85–7.39) for the profile with three risk categories. The associations between the numbers of risk categories and diabetes risk were more prominent in women (pinteraction = .025) and slightly more prominent in adults <55 years (pinteraction = .052).ConclusionsThis study delineated associations between comprehensive risk profiles with diabetes risk, with stronger associations observed in women and slightly stronger associations in adults younger than 55 years.
Estimating animal density for a community of species using information obtained only from camera‐traps
Authors: Wearn Oliver R. , Bell Thomas E. M. , Bolitho Adam , Durrant James , Haysom Jessica K. , Nijhawan Sahil , Thorley Jack , Rowcliffe J. Marcus 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAnimal density is a fundamental parameter in ecology and conservation, and yet it has remained difficult to measure. For terrestrial mammals and birds, camera‐traps have dramatically improved our ability to collect systematic data across a large number of species, but density estimation (except for species with natural marks) is still faced with statistical and logistical hurdles, including the requirement for auxiliary data and large sample sizes, and an inability to incorporate covariates.To fill this gap in the camera‐trapper's statistical toolbox, we extended the existing Random Encounter Model (REM) to the multi‐species case in a Bayesian framework. This multi‐species REM can incorporate covariates and provides parameter estimates for even the rarest species. As input to the model, we used information directly available in the camera‐trap data. The model outputs posterior distributions for the REM parameters—movement speed, activity level, the effective angle and radius of the camera‐trap detection zone, and density—for each species. We applied this model to an existing dataset for 35 species in Borneo, collected across old‐growth and logged forest. Here, we added animal position data derived from the image sequences in order to estimate the speed and detection zone parameters.The model revealed a decrease in movement speeds, and therefore day‐range, across the species community in logged compared to old‐growth forest, whilst activity levels showed no consistent trend. Detection zones were shorter, but of similar width, in logged compared to old‐growth forest. Overall, animal density was lower in logged forest, even though most species individually occurred at higher density in logged forest. However, the biomass per unit area was substantially higher in logged compared to old‐growth forest, particularly among herbivores and omnivores, likely because of increased resource availability at ground level. We also included body mass as a variable in the model, revealing that larger‐bodied species were more active, had more variable speeds, and had larger detection zones.Caution is warranted when estimating density for semi‐arboreal and fossorial species using camera‐traps, and more extensive testing of assumptions is recommended. Nonetheless, we anticipate that multi‐species density estimation could have very broad application.
Do producer organizations improve trading practices and negotiation power for dairy farms? Evidence from selected EU countries
Authors: Di Marcantonio Federica , Havari Enkelejda , Colen Liesbeth , Ciaian Pavel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes the impact of producer organizations (POs) on dairy farmers’ self‐assessed experiences of unfair trading practices (UTPs) and negotiation power. We employ an endogenous switching regression (ESR) model using cross‐sectional survey data collected in four EU countries: France, Germany, Spain, and Poland. The results show rather mixed impacts of PO membership. PO membership reduces the likelihood of farmers reporting UTPs. On the other hand, PO membership is found to reduce the self‐assessed negotiation power of PO members. The estimated impact of PO membership is found to be largest for smaller farms.
Frequent users of health services among community‐based older Australians: Characteristics and association with mortality
Authors: Williamson Margaret , Barr Margo Linn , Kabir Alamgir , Comino Elizabeth Jane , Goodger Brendan , Harris‐Roxas Ben F. , Crozier Ann‐Marie , Jackson Tony , Finch Julie , Harris Mark Fort 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate characteristics of frequent users of general practice (GP; ≥21 visits in a year), medical specialist (≥10 visits), emergency department (ED; ≥2 presentations) and hospital services (≥2 overnight hospitalisations) and the association with mortality for people aged over 75 years.MethodsThe study included residents from Central and Eastern Sydney, Australia, aged over 75 years who participated in a large community‐dwelling cohort study. Demographic, social and health characteristics data were extracted from the 45 and Up Study survey. Health service (GP, medical specialist, ED and hospitalisations) use and mortality data were extracted from linked administrative data. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios to identify independent characteristics associated with frequent users of services at baseline (approx. 2008) and adjusted hazard ratios to assess the association between frequent users of services and mortality.ResultsFrequent users of services (GPs, medical specialists, EDs and hospitals) were more likely to be associated with ever having had heart disease and less likely to be associated with reporting good quality of life. Characteristics varied by service type. Frequent users of services were 1.5–2.0 times more likely to die within 7 years compared to those who were less frequent service users after controlling for all significant factors.ConclusionsOur analysis found that frequent service users aged over 75 years had poorer quality of life, more complex health conditions and higher mortality and so their health service use was not inappropriate. However, better management of these frequent service users may lead to better health outcomes.
Corporate Board Quotas and Gender Equality Policies in the Workplace
Authors: Latura Audrey , Weeks Ana Catalano 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDo corporate board gender quotas increase attention to gender equality in workplace policies? Existing research examines the link between quotas, financial performance, and women's promotion, but we lack an understanding of how quotas impact the structural determinants of gender imbalance in the workplace. We compare the case of Italy, which adopted a quota in 2011, to a counterfactual country with no quota: Greece. Using a difference‐in‐difference approach, we analyze the corporate reports of publicly listed companies in both countries over time. We find a 50% increase in post‐quota Italian companies' attention to gender equality issues, especially relating to leadership and family care. This increase is not exclusively driven by the share of women on boards, suggesting that quotas influence the importance that both women and men within firms give to gender equality. Qualitative analysis finds that observed changes are not window dressing: companies developed new equality initiatives after the quota.
Microclimate shapes vegetation response to drought in calcareous grasslands
Authors: Mazalla Leonie , Diekmann Martin , Duprè Cecilia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractQuestionsSemi‐natural grasslands have been shown to be relatively resilient to drought events, but there seems to be no uniform response of different grassland types or across species. The typical vegetation of calcareous grasslands, which are biodiversity hotspots in Europe, reportedly even profits from droughts. What was the response of their vegetation, considering different species groups, to the recent periods of intense summer droughts? How did differences in microclimate, such as between steep, south‐facing slopes (SSF) and flat or north‐facing slopes (FNF), affect species composition and drought response?LocationSemi‐arid calcareous grasslands (Mesobromion) in northwest Germany.MethodsIn 2019, we resurveyed 112 vegetation plots from 25 sites first established in 2008, after 11 exceptionally dry years. Species identities and cover were assessed in plots of 1 m2. We used linear mixed models to determine the effect of microclimate on species composition and drought response. Vegetation changes were visualised by non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS).ResultsIn the initial survey in 2008, the species composition was significantly influenced by the microclimate, with positive effects of dry and warm conditions on SSF on character species. Phosphorus availability played an equally important, albeit contrasting, role. Vegetation change between 2008 and 2019 showed strong signs of the severe droughts. On SSF slopes, total species richness decreased, with negative trends for all species groups except ruderal species. Remarkably, this also affected the character species of dry grasslands. By contrast, dry conditions on FNF favoured an increase in total species richness and character species. However, eutrophication indicators increased here as well.ConclusionsWe conclude that sites with a dry and warm microclimate have to date had a positive, stabilising effect on the typical vegetation of calcareous grasslands. However, increasing droughts due to climate change pose a potential threat to the characteristic species composition, especially at sites with hot and dry microclimates.
Statin use before and after the KDIGO Lipids in chronic kidney disease guideline: A population‐based interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Kampmann Jan D. , Nybo Mads , Brandt Frans , Støvring Henrik , Damkier Per , Henriksen Daniel P. , Lund Lars C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn November 2013, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Clinical Practice Guideline for Lipid Management in Chronic Kidney Disease was published, recommending statins for all individuals 50 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 to lower the risk of major cardiovascular events. We quantified the prevalence of statin use among the target population before and after the guideline publication in a large Danish cohort of individuals with an estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, to investigate the effect of the guideline, but found no difference in the prevalence of statin use prior to and after the guideline publication.
Screening: Value enhancing or diminishing?
Authors: Ferrat Yann , Daty Frédéric , Burlacu Radu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUsing an international sample of environmental and social firm‐level ratings between 2007 and 2019, we form synthetic overlapping region‐based equity portfolios to examine the impact of screening stringency on abnormal returns and specific risk. While previous literature analyzes this relationship in a bidimensional setting, inferences made in this study are additionally robust to regional levels of market efficiency. Our results suggest that (1) screening stringency displays an inverted curvilinear relationship with risk‐adjusted returns and (2) the impact on specific risk is strictly increasing. Thus, portfolios that employ marginal and substantial screening incur the cost of responsible investing. However, moderate screening has the benefit of increasing performance without the burden of financing the least responsible corporations.
Schematic beliefs, negative affect and paranoia in at‐risk youth
Authors: Crowter Lucie , Banerjee Robin , Berry Clio , Fowler David 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesAttenuated symptoms of psychosis are a core feature of At‐Risk Mental States. However, subthreshold levels of paranoia are also common among nonpsychosis populations. At present, little is known about whether the processes underpinning the experience of paranoid ideation in high‐risk youth differ as a consequence of meeting At‐Risk Mental States (ARMS) for psychosis criteria.MethodsThis study utilized path analysis techniques to examine the relationships between schematic beliefs, negative affect and the experience of paranoia for two groups: a group meeting criteria for ARMS (n = 133) and a group presenting with emerging complex mental health difficulties who did not meet the criteria for ARMS (n = 137).ResultsWhile the ARMS group displayed significantly greater maladaptive schematic beliefs and more severe symptomatology, the associations between schematic beliefs, symptoms of negative affect and paranoia did not differ as a consequence of ARMS status.ConclusionsWhile meeting the ARMS criteria is associated with experiencing more maladaptive cognitions and more negative symptomatology among at‐risk youth, the associations between these cognitive beliefs and symptoms may be similar for youth who do not meet ARMS. These findings have implications for broadening the scope of at‐risk/high‐risk and for developing effective interventions for young people presenting with emerging difficulties.
Nomogram predicting the probability of spontaneous stone passage in patients presenting with acute ureteric colic
Authors: Gao Chuanyu , Peters Max , Kurver Piet , Anbarasan Thineskrishna , Jayaraajan Keerthanaa , Manning Todd , Cashman Sophia , Nambiar Arjun , Cumberbatch Marcus , Lamb Benjamin W. , Pickard Robert , Erotocritou Paul , Smith Daron , Kasivisvanathan Veeru , Shah Taimur T. ,   British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST) Collaborative MIMIC Study Group
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesTo develop a nomogram that could predict spontaneous stone passage (SSP) in patients presenting with acute ureteric colic who are suitable for conservative management.Patients and MethodsA 2517 patient dataset was utilised from an international multicentre cohort study (MIMIC, A Multi‐centre Cohort Study Evaluating the role of Inflammatory Markers In Patients Presenting with Acute Ureteric Colic) of patients presenting with acute ureteric colic across 71 secondary care hospitals in the UK, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. Inclusion criteria mandated a non‐contrast computed tomography of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. SSP was defined as the ‘absence of the need for intervention’. The model was developed using logistic regression and backwards selection (to achieve lowest Akaike's information criterion) in a subset from 2009–2015 (n = 1728) and temporally validated on a subset from 2016–2017 (n = 789).ResultsOf the 2517 patients, 1874 had SSP (74.5%). The mean (SD) age was 47 (14.7) years and 1892 were male (75.2%). At the end of the modelling process, gender: male (odds ratio [OR] 0.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64–1.01, P = 0.07), neutrophil count (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.06, P = 0.08), hydronephrosis (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.59–1.05, P = 0.1), hydroureter (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.97–1.75, P = 0.08), stone size >5–7 mm (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.16–0.25, P < 0.001), stone size >7 mm (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.08–0.15, P < 0.001), middle ureter stone position (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.43–0.81, P = 0.001), upper ureter stone position (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.25–0.39, P < 0.001), medical expulsive therapy use (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.1–1.67, P = 0.001), oral nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.99–1.71, P = 0.06), and rectal NSAID use (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.9–1.53, P = 0.24) remained. The concordance‐statistic (C‐statistic) was 0.77 (95% CI 0.75–0.80) and a nomogram was developed based on these.ConclusionThe presented nomogram is available to use as an on‐line calculator via www.BURSTurology.com and could allow clinicians and patients to make a more informed decision on pursuing conservative management vs early intervention.
Drought and fire determine juvenile and adult woody diversity and dominance in a semi‐arid African savanna
Authors: Trotter Felix D. , Lehmann Caroline E. R. , Donaldson Jason E. , Mangena Happy E. , Parr Catherine L. , Archibald Sally 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to understand how communities of adult and juvenile (seedlings and saplings) woody plants were impacted by fire and the 2014–2016 El Niño drought in Kruger National Park, South Africa. We used a landscape‐scale fire experiment spanning 2013–2019 in a semi‐arid savanna in the central west of Kruger National Park (mean annual precipitation, 543 mm). Adult and juvenile woody species composition were recorded during and after the drought in 40 plots that experienced a mix of no fire, moderate fire, and frequent fire treatments. Using multivariate modeling, we related community composition in juvenile and adult woody plants to year of sampling and the experimental fire treatments. Post‐drought, there was significant adult woody plant top‐kill, especially in dominant species Dichrostachys cinerea (81% reduction in abundance), Acacia nigrescens (30%), and Combretum apiculatum (19%), but there was no significant change in adult species richness. Two years post‐drought, abundance of all juveniles decreased by 35%, and species richness increased in juveniles in both the frequent fire (7%) and no fire treatments (32%). Counter‐intuitively, the El Niño drought increased species richness of the woody plant community due to the recruitment of new species as juveniles, a potential lasting impact on diversity, and where different fire regimes were associated with differences in community composition. Drought events in semi‐arid savannas could drive temporal dynamics in species richness and composition in previously unrecognized ways.
Narrow diameter implants to replace congenital missing maxillary lateral incisors: A 1‐year prospective, controlled, clinical study
Authors: Roccuzzo Andrea , Imber Jean‐Claude , Lempert Jakob , Hosseini Mandana , Jensen Simon Storgård 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo report the clinical, radiographic, esthetic, and patient‐reported outcomes after placement of a newly developed narrow‐diameter implant (NDI) in patients with congenitally missing lateral incisors (MLIs).Materials and methodsPatients with MLIs with a mesio‐distal distance between the canine and the central incisor of 5.9–6.3 mm received a dental implant with a diameter of 2.9 mm (Test), while a diameter of 3.3 mm (Control) was used when the distance was 6.4–7.1 mm. After healing, a cement‐retained bi‐layered zirconia crown was fabricated. At the 1‐year follow‐up (T2), implant survival rate, marginal crestal bone level (CBL) changes, biological and technical complications were registered. The esthetic outcome was assessed by using the Copenhagen index score, and the patient‐reported outcomes were recorded using the OHIP‐49 questionnaire.ResultsOne hundred patients rehabilitated with 100 dental implants Ø2.9 mm (n = 50) or Ø3.3 mm (n = 50) were included. One Ø3.3 mm implant was lost, and seven patients dropped out of the study, yielding an implant survival rate of 99% (p = 1.000). At T2 a. CBL of −0.19 ± 0.25 mm (Test) and −0.25 ± 0.31 mm (Control) was detected, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = .342). Good to excellent esthetic scores (i.e., 1–2) were recorded in most of cases. Technical complications (i.e., loss of retention, abutment fracture, and chipping of veneering ceramic) occurred once in three patients with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p > .05). OHIP scores did not differ significantly at follow‐ups between groups (p = .110).ConclusionThe use of Ø2.9 mm diameter implants represents as reliable a treatment option as Ø3.3 mm implants, in terms of CBL changes, biological and technical complications. Favorable esthetics and patient‐reported outcomes were recorded for both groups.