bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VLT/MUSE Observations of SDSS J1029+2623: Toward a High-precision Strong Lensing Model*
Authors: Acebron Ana , Grillo Claudio , Bergamini Pietro , Mercurio Amata , Rosati Piero , Caminha Gabriel Bartosch , Tozzi Paolo , Brammer Gabriel B. , Meneghetti Massimo , Morelli Andrea , Nonino Mario , Vanzella Eros 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present a strong lensing analysis of the galaxy cluster SDSS J1029+2623 at z = 0.588, one of the few currently known lens clusters with multiple images of a background (z = 2.1992) quasar with a measured time delay. We use archival Hubble Space Telescope multiband imaging and new Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer follow-up spectroscopy to build an accurate lens mass model, a crucial step toward future cosmological applications. The spectroscopic data enable the secure identification of 57 cluster members and of two nearby perturbers along the line of sight. We estimate the inner kinematics of a subset of 20 cluster galaxies to calibrate the scaling relations parameterizing the sub-halo mass component. We also reliably determine the redshift of four multiply imaged sources, provide a tentative measurement for one system, and report the discovery of a new four-image system. The final catalog comprises 26 multiple images from seven background sources, spanning a wide redshift range, from 1.02 to 5.06. We present two parametric lens models, with slightly different cluster mass parameterizations. The observed positions of the multiple images are accurately reproduced within approximately 0.″2, the three image positions of the quasar within only ∼0.″1. We estimate a cluster projected total mass of M(<300 kpc) ∼ 2.1 × 1014
M
⊙, with a statistical uncertainty of a few percent. Both models, which include a small galaxy close to one of the quasar images, predict magnitude differences and time delays between the quasar images that are consistent with the observations.
No Umbrella Needed: Confronting the Hypothesis of Iron Rain on WASP-76b with Post-processed General Circulation Models
Authors: Savel Arjun B. , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Malik Matej , Komacek Thaddeus D. , Bean Jacob L. , May Erin M. , Stevenson Kevin B. , Mansfield Megan , Rauscher Emily 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
High-resolution spectra are unique indicators of three-dimensional (3D) processes in exoplanetary atmospheres. For instance, in 2020, Ehrenreich et al. reported transmission spectra from the ESPRESSO spectrograph yielding an anomalously large Doppler blueshift from the ultrahot Jupiter WASP-76b. Interpretations of these observations invoke toy model depictions of gas-phase iron condensation in lower-temperature regions of the planet’s atmosphere. In this work, we forward model the atmosphere of WASP-76b with double-gray general circulation models (GCMs) and ray-striking radiative transfer to diagnose the planet’s high-resolution transmission spectrum. We confirm that a physical mechanism driving strong east–west asymmetries across the terminator must exist to reproduce large Doppler blueshifts in WASP-76b’s transmission spectrum. We identify low atmospheric drag and a deep radiative-convective boundary as necessary components of our GCM to produce this asymmetry (the latter is consistent with existing Spitzer phase curves). However, we cannot reproduce either the magnitude or the time-dependence of the WASP-76b Doppler signature with gas-phase iron condensation alone. Instead, we find that high-altitude, optically thick clouds composed of Al2O3, Fe, or Mg2SiO4 provide reasonable fits to the Ehrenreich et al. observations—with marginal contributions from condensation. This fit is further improved by allowing a small orbital eccentricity (e ≈ 0.017), consistent with prior WASP-76b orbital constraints. We additionally validate our forward-modeled spectra by reproducing lines of nearly all species detected in WASP-76b by Tabernero et al. Our procedure’s success in diagnosing phase-resolved Doppler shifts demonstrates the benefits of physical, self-consistent, 3D simulations in modeling high-resolution spectra of exoplanet atmospheres.
Merger Rate Density of Binary Black Holes through Isolated Population I, II, III and Extremely Metal-poor Binary Star Evolution
Authors: Tanikawa Ataru , Yoshida Takashi , Kinugawa Tomoya , Trani Alessandro A. , Hosokawa Takashi , Susa Hajime , Omukai Kazuyuki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate the formation of merging binary black holes (BHs) through isolated binary evolution, performing binary population synthesis calculations covering an unprecedentedly wide metallicity range of Population (Pop) I, II, III, and extremely metal-poor (EMP) binary stars. We find that the predicted merger rate density and primary BH mass (m
1) distribution are consistent with the gravitational wave (GW) observations. Notably, Population III and EMP (<10−2
Z
⊙) binary stars yield most of the pair instability (PI) mass gap events with m
1 = 65–130 M
⊙. Population III binary stars contribute more to the PI mass gap events with increasing redshift, and all the PI mass gap events have the Population III origin at redshifts ≳8. Our result can be assessed by future GW observations in the following two points. First, there are no binary BHs with m
1 = 100–130 M
⊙ in our result, and thus the m
1 distribution should suddenly drop in the range of m
1 = 100–130 M
⊙. Second, the PI mass gap event rate should increase toward higher redshift up to ∼11, since those events mainly originate from the Population III binary stars. We find that the following three assumptions are needed to reproduce the current GW observations: a top-heavy stellar initial mass function and the presence of close binary stars for Population III and EMP binary stars, and inefficient convective overshoot in the main-sequence phase of stellar evolution. Without any of the above, the number of PI mass gap events becomes too low to reproduce current GW observations.
Variable Stars in the Giant Satellite Galaxy Antlia 2
Authors: Vivas A. Katherina , Martínez-Vázquez Clara E. , Walker Alistair R. , Belokurov Vasily , Li Ting S. , Erkal Denis 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We report 350 pulsating variable stars found in four DECam fields (∼12 deg2) covering the Antlia 2 satellite galaxy. The sample of variables includes 318 RR Lyrae stars and eight anomalous Cepheids in the galaxy. Reclassification of several objects designated previously to be RR Lyrae as anomalous Cepheids get rid of the satellite’s stars intervening along the line of sight. This in turn removes the need for prolific tidal disruption of the dwarf, in agreement with the recently updated proper motion and pericenter measurements based on Gaia EDR3. There are also several bright foreground RR Lyrae stars in the field, and two distant background variables located ∼45 kpc behind Antlia 2. We found RR Lyrae stars over the full search area, suggesting that the galaxy is very large and likely extends beyond our observed area. The mean period of the RRab in Antlia 2 is 0.599 days, while the RRc have a mean period of 0.368 days, indicating the galaxy is an Oosterhoff-intermediate system. The distance to Antlia 2 based on the RR Lyrae stars is 124.1 kpc (μ
0 = 20.47) with a dispersion of 5.4 kpc. We measured a clear distance gradient along the semimajor axis of the galaxy, with the southeast side of Antlia 2 being ∼13 kpc farther away from the northwest side. This elongation along the line of sight is likely due to the ongoing tidal disruption of Ant 2.
A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). VI. Distant Filamentary Structures Pointed Out by High-z Radio Galaxies at z ∼ 4
Authors: Uchiyama Hisakazu , Yamashita Takuji , Toshikawa Jun , Kashikawa Nobunari , Ichikawa Kohei , Kubo Mariko , Ito Kei , Kawakatu Nozomu , Nagao Tohru , Toba Yoshiki , Ono Yoshiaki , Harikane Yuichi , Imanishi Masatoshi , Kajisawa Masaru , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Liang Yongming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We present the environmental properties around high-z radio galaxies (HzRGs) at z ∼ 4, which have been poorly investigated because of their rarity. We use the largest samples of HzRGs and g-dropout galaxy overdense regions at z ∼ 4, which were constructed from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program, to characterize the HzRG environments statistically. We measure the g-dropout galaxy overdensities around 21 HzRGs whose rest-frame 1.4 GHz radio luminosities (L
1.4 GHz) are 1026–27 W Hz−1. We find that the overdensities around the faint HzRGs with L
1.4 GHz ∼ 1026.0–26.5 W Hz−1 tend to be higher than those of the g-dropout galaxies. On the other hand, no significant difference of density environments is found between the luminous HzRGs with L
1.4 GHz ∼ 1026.5–27.0 W Hz−1 and the g-dropout galaxies. The HzRGs are found to occupy more massive halos than g-dropout galaxies through a cross-correlation between the HzRGs and g-dropout galaxies. This trend is more pronounced in the faint HzRGs. These results are consistent with a scenario where HzRGs get older and more massive as the radio luminosity decreases. The HzRGs are expected to trace the progenitors of Local Cluster halos from their calculated halo mass. In addition, we find that surrounding galaxies tend to distribute along the radio jet major axis of the HzRGs at angular distances of ≲500 physical kpc. Our findings imply the onset of the filamentary structures around the HzRGs at z ∼ 4.
Bayesian Model Selection of Neutron Star Equations of State Using Multi-messenger Observations
Authors: Biswas Bhaskar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The measurement of the macroscopic properties of a neutron star, whether in binary or in an isolated system, provides us with a key opportunity to place a stringent constraint on its equation of state. In this paper, we perform Bayesian model selection on a wide variety of neutron star equations of state using multi-messenger observations. In particular, (i) we use the mass and tidal deformability measurements from two binary neutron star merger events, GW170817 and GW190425; and (ii) we use the simultaneous mass–radius measurements of PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+6620 by the NICER collaboration, while the latter has been analyzed by the joint NICER/radio/XMM-Newton collaboration. Among the 31 equations of state considered in this analysis, we are able to rule out different variants of the MS1 family, SKI5, H4, and WFF1 decisively, which are either extremely stiff or soft equations of state. The most preferred equation of state model turns out to be AP3 (or MPA1), which predicts the radius and dimensionless tidal deformability of a 1.4 M
⊙ neutron star to be 12.10 (12.50) km and 393 (513), respectively.
Use of EuroLupus Cyclophosphamide Dosing for the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis in Childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in North America
Authors: Cannon Laura A. , Wenderfer Scott E. , Lewandowski Laura B. , Cooper Jennifer C. , Goilav Beatrice , Knight Andrea M. , Hersh Aimee O. , Ardoin Stacy P. , Sadun Rebecca E. ,   for the CARRA Lupus Nephritis Workgroup
Published: February 2022

Objective.Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) has higher rates of lupus nephritis (LN) than adult-onset SLE, often requiring intensive immunosuppression. This study examined North American practices and preferences for the low-dose EuroLupus cyclophosphamide (CYC) protocol, as compared to the high-dose National Institutes of Health (NIH) CYC protocol, to treat LN in cSLE.Methods.A 35-item Web-based survey was distributed to Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) and Pediatric Nephrology Research Consortium (PNRC) providers. The survey assessed participant demographics, CYC prescribing practices, perceptions of EuroLupus protocol, and LN vignette treatment decisions; 1 vignette was taken from a 2009 CARRA survey and responses were compared. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed provider factors associated with use of low- vs high-dose CYC.Results.Responses were provided by 185/421 (44%) pediatric rheumatologists (CARRA) and 40/354 (11%) pediatric nephrologists (PNRC). Among respondents who prescribed CYC for pediatric LN over the past year (n = 135), half reported using EuroLupus. When presented with the same vignette about an adolescent with class IV LN, 32% of pediatric rheumatologists chose EuroLupus dosing in 2020, vs 6% in 2009. Provider factors associated with choosing the low-dose regimen were familiarity with the protocol (OR 4.2,P= 0.006) and greater perceived benefit (OR 1.6,P< 0.0001). Pediatric nephrologists had similar responses to the pediatric rheumatology providers. Overall, 78% of respondents perceived EuroLupus protocol efficacy to be equivalent to the high-dose protocol in cSLE LN.Conclusion.Pediatric specialists are currently more likely to use low-dose CYC to treat cSLE LN than they were a decade ago. Nevertheless, familiarity with EuroLupus dosing remains low.
Sur le néo-animisme technologique à l’ère de l’engouement pour l’Intelligence Artificielle
Authors: Martin-Juchat Fabienne 
Published: February 2022

L’engouement actuel pour l’Intelligence Artificielle sous ses formes variées ne s’explique pas uniquement par l’alliance qui s’est nouée entre le capitalisme financier et le développement technologique, ni par la relation qui existe entre l’innovation technologique et l’éco-nomie dite de l’attention. La lecture des anthropologues et des philo­sophes des techniques qui ont analysé les rapports entre techniques et civilisation apparaît essentielle pour comprendre ce qui se joue cultu­rellement dans le développement actuel des technologies intégrant de l’IA. Si l’engouement est général, c’est qu’une axiologie cohérente se déploie à l’échelle mondiale, inscrite certes dans la continuité des valeurs de la modernité, mais également susceptible de répondre à ce qu’on peut identifier comme un besoin généralisé de dépendance affective à la technologie. Plus précisément, ce besoin de dépendance est devenu mondialement prégnant et saillant, car la matérialité tech­nique, grâce aux récentes innovations, est en train de réussir à asso­cier de façon inédite les valeurs de la modernité compatibles avec celles des religions monothéistes, tout en renouant avec des valeurs animistes qui n’ont jamais disparu.
Helminthic infections among primary school children in Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Njoba Francis Chinasa , Ekejindu Ifeoma M. , Ezeagwuna Dorothy Amauche , Nnamani Chioma Phyllis 
Published: February 2022

Introduction:
Helminthic infection (HI) is one of the neglected tropical diseases that affect the poorest and most deprived communities, affecting individuals of all ages. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors of HIs among primary schoolchildren in the rural and urban communities of Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
It is a cross-sectional survey of 414 randomly selected pupils from six primary schools. Stool samples collected were processed using formol–ether concentration method. Pretested, interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires were used to assess for relationship between infection and factors that significantly contribute to the transmission of HIs. Soil samples were also collected from different locations of the selected schools.

Results:
The overall prevalence of HIs was 45.4%. Hookworm was the most encountered parasite (57.4%); there were also mixed infections of Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm (8.5%) and hookworm and Trichuris trichiura (1.6%). The prevalence was more in males (46.7%), pupils aged 14–16 years (47.1%) and pupils residing in rural area (49.3%). There was significant relationship between age and hygienic practices of the pupils with HIs (P = 0.00 and 0.002, respectively). There was also significant relationship between marital status, educational level of caregivers and occupation of household heads of the pupils and HIs (P = 0.00, 0.00 and 0.00, respectively).

Conclusion:
The presence of viable HIs eggs/larvae in the soil suggests possible active transmission and high rate of exposure to infective agents among the schoolchildren. There is need for organised and routine deworming exercises among schoolchildren in the affected communities and also aggressive health education on the risk associated with HIs in the environment.
Sway amplitude during foam and dome test in typical young adults
Authors: Shivanna Gowda Preethi H. , Samuel Raj Vijay V , Mishra Siddarath S. 
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Balance is one of the most important components for an individual to be in a good state of health condition. The functional balance is most important for the individual to maintain the equilibrium, and the characteristics of the task may increase or decrease the difficulty of the balance component. There is a need to obtain normative sway variabilities (angle, distance, and frequency) in different planes among young adults, which may be used in clinical and sports for balance evaluation and training.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Repetitive measure design was used to identify the normative values of foam and dome test on the typical young adults. The sway variabilities of the typical young adults were evaluated through standardized foam and dome test. The anterior-posterior (AP) and mediolateral sway angle and distance were measured using Kinovea software at six phases on a postural grid and results were analyzed using range, mean, and standard deviation.

RESULTS:
Seventy-six participants, 50 females and 26 males were recruited (mean age 21.5 ± 15 years). The mean sway angle with eyes open (EO), eyes closed (EC), with dome, on foam with dome, on foam with EO, on foam with EC in AP plane was 4.15 ± 1.57, 8.09 ± 2.56, 10.47 ± 2.88, 18.42 ± 4.27, 9.15 ± 2.22, and 17.6 ± 5.38,°, respectively. The mean sway results were consistent in similarity with the angle, and frequency.

CONCLUSION:
The study concludes that the sway amplitude values obtained using foam and dome test showed that the angle, distance, and the number of sways increase with the alteration in the sensory input.
Nanocomposites Transformed from Polystyrene Waste/Antimony, Barium and Nickel Oxides Nanoparticles with Improved Mechanical Properties
Authors: Sabo Y.T. , Boryo D.E. , Chindo I.Y. , Habib A.I. 
Published: February 2022

In this experiment, the oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical precipitation and the nanocomposites were produced using in situ polymerization method with varying nanoparticles contents ranged from 0 to 5 g. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated and compared with the values obtained for untreated polystyrene. It was observed that the mechanical properties were higher for the nanocomposites and increase with increasing nanoparticle concentrations in the samples. It can be observed that the untreated polystyrene gave a tensile strength of 945.25 N/mm2. At high nanoparticle content of 5 g, the nanocomposite containing NiO nanoparticles showed a tensile strength of 973.83 N/mm2 while nanocomposite containing BaO nanoparticles gave a tensile strength of 968.19 N/mm2 and nanocomposite containing Sb2O3 nanoparticle gave a tensile strength of 955.53 N/mm2. The results indicate that the tensile strength and percentage elongation of all the nanocomposites improved with the addition of metal oxides nanoparticles compared with the untreated polystyrene. Slight decrease in percentage reduction in area of the nanocomposites was recorded. Conclusively, with these results, the PS/NiO nano composite showed a better trend of behaviour due to better interfacial interaction between the nanofillers and the polymer matrix followed by PS/BaO and PS/Sb2O3 nanocomposites. It is recommended that during the production of polymer nanocomposite, PS/NiO, PS/BaO and PS/Sb2O3 nanocomposites could be used as reinforcements in the construction of buildings to add structural stability to the building.
Hepatoprotective and Antidyslipidemia Effect of Jatropha Tanjorensis Leaf Extract in Isoprenaline Induced Myocardial Infarction in Albino Rats
Authors: Ajah O. , Alaebo P.O. , Obike C.A. , Odo C.E. , Omodamiro O.D. , Egbuonu A.C.C. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Recently, there is an increase in the incidence of myocardial infarction which manifest as a result of disrupted blood supply and oxygen to the myocardium.
Objective: This study assessed the protective outcome of methanol extract of Jatropha tanjorensis leaf on liver function biomarkers and lipid profile condition in the isoprenaline induced myocardial infarction in albino rats.
Methods: Thirty six (36) rats were divided at random into six (6) groups of six rats per group. Group 1 was normal control, group 2 was negative control (85mg/kg of isoprenaline only), group 3 positive control (pretreated with 2mg/kg carvedilol for 28 days), group 4 through 6 were pretreated with 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg of methanol leaves extract of Jatropha tanjorensis respectively for 28 days.
Results: The extract at 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) decrease the AST and ALT activities, TAG and Cholesterol concentrations compared to negative control. The extract treated groups also showed significant (p<0.05) increase in the HDL concentration. The histopathological study showed marked atrophy of hepatic cord in the 600mg/kg of the extract treated group. This pointed that the extract at 600mg/kg dose could not possess hepatoprotective potency. The 400mg/kg dose extract ameliorated damage cells.
Conclusion: This study revealed that 400mg/kg of the extract could serve as an agent for the prevention of hepatic cell injury and dyslipidemia.
Verapamil hydrochloride nanoparticles formulated with chitosan and sodium alginate by an ionic gelation method
Authors: Moeed Abdul , Khalid Arwa , Bashir Sajid , Bashir Hamid , Al Kahraman Yasser M.S.A. , Ismail Tariq , Amirzada Muhammad I. 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To formulate chitosan-based nanoparticles for extended release of verapamil so as to reduce its dosing frequency.
Methods: Nanoparticles of chitosan and sodium alginate loaded with verapamil HCl were synthesized using the ionotropic gelation method. The formulations were optimized by cross linking of tripolyphosphate with chitosan, and CaCl2 with sodium alginate at different concentrations. The ionic gelation method was used to produce seven different formulations. The best formulation for nanoparticles preparation involved using 0.06 % sodium alginate with 18 mM CaCl2 and of chitosan: TPP (5:1 ratio). The compatibility of verapamil HCl with sodium alginate and chitosan was tested using FTIR.
Results: Verapamil nanoparticles had a direct correlation with the polymer concentrations used. A 5:1 ratio of chitosan:TPP resulted in a particle size of 173 nm, and high drug entrapment. The size of verapamil nanoparticles prepared with sodium alginate was 186 nm (p = 0.02). Cross-linking agent played an important role in the preparation of the nanoparticles. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the nanoparticles were coalesced with one another, and had rough surfaces. Chitosan-based formulations had an entrapment efficiency in the range of 38.63 – 50.58 %, while the entrapment efficiency of sodium alginate-based formulations was 11.70 – 40.57 % (p 0.43).
Conclusion: Verapamil nanoparticles have been successfully formulated by ionic gelation method using natural polymers. The nano-formulations did not exhibit polymer-drug interactions, but manifest extended drug-release profiles.