bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P-684 The impact of oral sphingosine-1-phosphate analogue on ovarian aging in women with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kender Ertürk N , Erturk A , Karakoc Sokmensuer L , Yarali H , Bozdag G , Mumusoglu S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Study question
Is there a protective effect of oral sphingosine-1-phosphate analogue (S1P) on ovarian reserve?

Summary answer
The use of oral long acting S1P analogue may reduce spontaneous primordial follicle loss and preserve ovarian reserve in women of reproductive age.

What is known already
The number of primordial follicles decrease by apoptosis with advancing age in women. Seramid pathway is one of the apoptosis regulatory pathways in human ovaries. An increase in the balance between ceramide and S1P in S1P direction, known as cell membrane sphingomyelins, inhibits follicular apoptosis. Fingolimod (Novartis, Germany), a long-acting oral analogue of S1P, is a drug used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). We have previously found that use of fingolimod might reduce the spontaneous follicular apoptosis and increase the number of residual primordial follicles in a rat model.

Study design, size, duration
A prospective cohort study. Twenty-one consecutive women in reproductive age to whom fingolimod therapy were commenced for MS at Hacettepe University, Department of Neurology in between 2018 – 2021were included.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
Regularly menstruating women under &lt;38 years old was included. Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels were measured at the beginning of Fingolimod, 6th and 12th months of the treatment. The decrease in serum AMH levels were calculated and compared with standard AMH decrease in healthy women.

Main results and the role of chance
The mean±standard deviation (SD) age of the 21 patients was 26.95±6.07. The mean±SD of AMH level at the beginning was 2,62±1,64 ng/ml. The respective figure for the 6th month and 12th month were 3,10±2,02 and 1,70±1,70 ng/ml. Overall, there was an increase of 0.6 ng/ml in mean AMH during this period. AMH level decreased in 2 patients, remained unchanged in 2 patients, and increased in 5 patients.

Limitations, reasons for caution
High (∼50%) loss to follow-up rate is a main limitation.

Wider implications of the findings
Oral long-acting MS drug fingolimod may have a protective effect on ovarian reserve in human by reducing spontaneous follicle loss rate, studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up period is warranted to demonstrate this effect.

Trial registration number
not applicable
P-728 Prevalence of Infertility among women with Multiple Sclerosis compared to the general population of women matched for age
Authors: Skvirsky S , Miller A , Yones G , Wiener-Magnezi Z , Ishai D , Lahav-Baratz S , Oron G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Study question
Is the prevalence of infertility among multiple sclerosis female patients higher compared to the general population?

Summary answer
The prevalence of infertility among women with multiple sclerosis is similar to the matched general population

What is known already
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease predominant in women (1:3 ratio) during childbearing years. Studies addressing the question of infertility among multiple sclerosis patients are inconclusive and whether fertility is impaired in this population is debatable.

Study design, size, duration
Data regarding multiple sclerosis diagnosis and treatment and data about infertility and ART treatments was collected for patients during childbearing years (18-45) between the years 2005 to 2020 from the health service computerized database.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
The prevalence of infertility among women with MS was analyzed and compared to healthy controls (1:5) matched for age. Association between multiple sclerosis and the different ART treatments: in vitro fertilization (IVF) versus controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) were analyzed.

Main results and the role of chance
1,570 women with multiple sclerosis were compared to 7,851 healthy women matched for age. Mean age of both groups was 32 years old. The prevalence of infertility was 34.1% (534) in the MS population compared to 33.3% (2,601) in the matched general population (p = 0.4). 299 of the 536 MS patients were diagnosed with infertility after they were diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The prevalence of the different ART treatments was similar between MS patients and healthy women matched for age: (IVF: 7.1% vs 7% p = 0.813 and COH: 5.7% vs 6% p = 0.6; respectively).

Limitations, reasons for caution
The major limitation of our study is its retrospective nature. Furthermore, we were not able to evaluate for confounding factors possibly contributing to postponed family planning.

Wider implications of the findings
To date this is the largest study evaluating the prevalence of infertility and ART treatment among MS patients during childbearing years. Our findings may reassure patients with MS that their risk for infertility and need for ART treatments is comparable to the health general population.

Trial registration number
not applicable
P-742 Cost reduction study in egg donation in a spanish third-level public hospital
Authors: Arias Fernández J.L , Guisado Fernández J , Lozano Arana M.D , Sánchez Andújar B , Antiñolo Gil G , García Lozano J.C 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Study question
Is it possible to reduce the number of oocytes per recipient, thus reducing treatment costs and without compromising pregnancy rates?

Summary answer
Costs derived from egg donation techniques can be reduced without compromising pregnancy rates

What is known already
In the literature there is no limitation or optimal number of oocytes for performing techniques based on egg donation. Despite this, we see that the norm is to use between 6 and 8 oocytes per recipient woman.

Study design, size, duration
This is a cost-effectiveness study and a retrospective descriptive study of 75 patients undergoing IVF with egg donation (102 cycles) between the years 2014 and 2019 in the Assisted Human Reproduction Unit of the Virgen del Rocío University Hospital. Seville.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
We have proceeded to create a database, with the collection of different data: number of reserved oocytes, number of fresh embryos, number of vitrified embryos, number of clinical pregnancies achieved and budget.

Main results and the role of chance
Between 2014-2019, 102 cycles were performed, achieving a total of 52 clinical pregnancies, 45 with fresh embryos (44.1% of the total cycles) and 7 with vitrified embryos (6.9%). This reports a global percentage of clinical pregnancy of 51%. Analyzing the data per patient, a success rate of 69.3% in achieving clinical pregnancy has been demonstrated.
Between 2014-2017, 5 or more donated oocytes have been used for each patient, with a total figure of 285 oocytes. On average, 5.7 oocytes per patient have been requested. 50 IVF cycles have been performed. 22 of these cycles with fresh embryos have achieved clinical pregnancy (44%) and only one cycle with vitrified embryos has achieved pregnancy, giving an overall success rate of 46%. This costs €142,500, €6,195 for each clinical pregnancy achieved.
Between 2018-2019, donated oocytes per patient has been reduced to 3-4, with a total number of 188. On average, 3.6 oocytes per patient have been requested. 52 IVF cycles have been performed. 23 of these cycles with fresh embryos have achieved clinical gestation (44.2%), adding 5 more cycles when counting the cycles with vitrified embryos. All this has achieved a 53.8% clinical gestation. This costs €94,000, €3,357 for each clinical pregnancy achieved.

Limitations, reasons for caution
Over the years, IVF techniques have been perfected. This can be reflected in the percentage of clinical gestations achieved.

Wider implications of the findings
With an average reduction of 2.1 oocytes, a reduction in the cost per cycle of €1050 (36%) is achieved and for each clinical pregnancy achieved of €2,838. These savings could make it possible to expand inclusion criteria for cycles with oocyte donation, for example, including patients with poor ovarian reserve.

Trial registration number
Not applicable
Specificity and Breadth of the Neutralizing Antibody Response to a Live-Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine
Authors: DeMaso Christina R , Karwal Lovkesh , Zahralban-Steele Melissa , Dominguez David , Springer Zhang-Li , Kaiser Maima , Palani Sunil , Rindfleisch Tim , Bohning Kelly , Hather Greg , Das Subash , Sharma Mayuri , Dean Hansi J 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
An effective dengue vaccine should ideally induce broadly neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses against all 4 dengue virus (DENV) serotypes.

Methods
We characterized the specificity and breadth of the nAb response to TAK-003, a live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine, in serum samples from phase 2 and 3 clinical trials.

Results
Microneutralization tests using postvaccination serum showed comparable neutralization against diverse DENV-1−4 genotypes. Reporter virus particle neutralization assays after depletion of anti-DENV-2 nAbs demonstrated that the nAb response to DENV-1, -3, and -4 comprises both type-specific (TS) and cross-reactive (CR) nAbs.

Conclusions
Therefore, TAK-003 induces broad tetravalent TS and CR nAb responses.
Radiotherapy-Related Dose and Irradiated Volume Effects on Breast Cancer Risk Among Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors
Authors: Roberti Sander , van Leeuwen Flora E , Ronckers Cécile M , Krul Inge M , de Vathaire Florent , Veres Cristina , Diallo Ibrahima , Janus Cécile P M , Aleman Berthe M P , Russell Nicola S , Hauptmann Michael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer (BC) risk is increased among Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors treated with chest radiotherapy. Case-control studies showed a linear radiation dose-response relationship for estimated dose to the breast tumor location. However, these relative risks cannot be used for absolute risk prediction of BC anywhere in the breasts. Furthermore, the independent and joint effects of radiation dose and irradiated volumes are unclear. Therefore, we examined the effects of mean breast dose and various dose-volume parameters on BC risk in HL patients.

Methods
We conducted a nested case-control study of BC among 5-year HL survivors (173 case patients, 464 matched control patients). Dose-volume histograms were obtained from reconstructed voxel-based 3-dimensional dose distributions. Summary parameters of dose-volume histograms were studied next to mean and median breast dose, Gini index, and the new dose metric mean absolute difference of dose, using categorical and linear excess odds ratio (EOR) models. Interactions between dose-volume parameters and mean dose were also examined.

Results
Statistically significant linear dose-response relationships were observed for mean breast dose (EOR per Gy = 0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05 to 1.06) and median dose (EOR/Gy = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.19), with no statistically significant curvature. All metrics except Gini and mean absolute difference were positively correlated with each other. These metrics all showed similar patterns of dose-response that were no longer statistically significant when adjusting for mean dose. No statistically significant modification of the effect of mean dose was observed.

Conclusion
Mean breast dose predicts subsequent BC risk in long-term HL survivors.
Projective classes as images of accessible functors
Authors: Wehrung Friedrich 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe are dealing with projective classes (in short $\textrm {PC}$) over first-order vocabularies with no restrictions on the (possibly infinite) arities of relation or operation symbols. We verify that $\textrm {PC}(\mathbin {\mathscr {L}}_{\infty \lambda })=\textrm {RPC}(\mathbin {\mathscr {L}}_{\infty \lambda })$ for any infinite cardinal $\lambda $, and that if $\lambda $ is singular, then $\textrm {PC}(\mathbin {\mathscr {L}}_{\infty \lambda })=\textrm {PC}(\mathbin {\mathscr {L}}_{\infty \lambda ^+})$. If $\lambda $ is regular, then a class of structures over a $\lambda $-ary vocabulary is $\textrm {PC}(\mathbin {\mathscr {L}}_{\infty \lambda })$-definable iff it is the image of a $\lambda $-continuous functor on a $\lambda $-accessible category; we also provide separating counterexamples for the non $\lambda $-ary case. We prove that many $\textrm {PC}$ classes of structures, previously known not to be closed under elementary equivalence over any $\mathbin {\mathscr {L}}_{\infty \lambda }$, are not even $\textrm {co}\textrm {-}\textrm {PC}$ over $\mathbin {\mathscr {L}}_{\infty \infty }$. Those classes arise from diverse contexts including convex $\ell $-subgroup lattices of lattice-ordered groups, ideal lattices of rings, nonstable K$_0$-theory of rings, coordinatization of sectionally complemented modular lattices and real spectra of commutative unital rings. For example, the class of posets of finitely generated two-sided ideals of all unital rings is $\textrm {PC}$ but not $\textrm {co}\textrm {-}\textrm {PC}$ over $\mathbin {\mathscr {L}}_{\infty \infty }$. We also provide a negative solution to a problem, raised in 2011 by Gillibert and the author, asking whether essential surjectivity of a ‘well-behaved’ functor on objects entails its essential surjectivity on diagrams indexed by arbitrary finite posets.
Malassezia species: the need to establish epidemiological cutoff values
Authors: Rojas Florencia Dinorah , Sosa María de los Ángeles , Latorre Wenceslao , Mussin Javier , Alegre Liliana , Giusiano Gustavo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Malassezia are common yeasts in human skin microbiome. Under certain conditions these yeasts may cause disease from skin disorders to systemic infections. In the absence of clinical breakpoints, epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) are useful to differentiate isolates with acquired or mutational resistance. The aim of this work was to propose tentative ECVs of Malassezia furfur, M. sympodialis, M. globosa for fluconazole (FCZ), itraconazole (ITZ), voriconazole (VCZ), ketoconazole (KTZ) and amphotericin B (AMB). A total of 160 isolates (80 M. furfur, 50 M. sympodialis, and 30 M. globosa) were tested. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by modified broth microdilution method (CLSI). ECVs were estimated by ECOFFinder software and twofold dilutions beyond the mode. ITZ, KTZ, and VCZ showed the lowest MICs. The highest MIC and widest ranges were for FCZ and AMB. For ITZ, KTZ, and VCZ both ECVs were similar. For FCZ, AMB especially M. furfur, modal ECVs were lower than values obtained by statistical method. When MIC distribution is the only data available, ECV could provide information to help guide therapy decisions. In that drug/species combination in which different peaks in the MIC distribution were observed, difference between both ECV was greater. This is the first study that provides ECV data of 160 Malassezia yeasts. Although ECVs cannot be used as predictors of clinical response, identification of non wild-type isolates suggests that it may be less likely to respond to a given antifungal agent.

Lay Summary
Malassezia species causes skin disorders to systemic infections. Epidemiological cutoff value (ECV) allows for differentiation of wild-type and non wild-type isolates. Based on MIC data of 160 isolates we propose tentative ECVs for three Malassezia species. ECVs are useful in surveillance and guide therapy decisions.
On the long-term stability of the Solar system in the presence of weak perturbations from stellar flybys
Authors: Brown Garett , Rein Hanno 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The architecture and evolution of planetary systems are shaped in part by stellar flybys. Within this context, we look at stellar encounters that are too weak to immediately destabilize a planetary system but are nevertheless strong enough to measurably perturb the system’s dynamical state. We estimate the strength of such perturbations on secularly evolving systems using a simple analytic model and confirm those estimates with direct N-body simulations. We then run long-term integrations and show that even small perturbations from stellar flybys can influence the stability of planetary systems over their lifetime. We find that small perturbations to the outer planets’ orbits are transferred between planets, increasing the likelihood that the inner planetary system will destabilize. Specifically, our results for the Solar system show that relative perturbations to Neptune’s semimajor axis of order 0.1 per cent are strong enough to increase the probability of destabilizing the Solar system within 5 Gyr by one order of magnitude.
FAUST VI. VLA1623−2417 B: a new laboratory for astrochemistry around protostars on 50 au scale
Authors: Codella C , López-Sepulcre A , Ohashi S , Chandler C J , De Simone M , Podio L , Ceccarelli C , Sakai N , Alves F , Durán A , Fedele D , Loinard L , Mercimek S , Murillo N , Zhang Y , Bianchi E , Bouvier M , Busquet G , Caselli P , Dulieu F , Feng S , Hanawa T , Johnstone D , Lefloch B , Maud L T , Moellenbrock G , Oya Y , Svoboda B , Yamamoto S 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array) interferometer, with its unprecedented combination of high sensitivity and high angular resolution, allows for (sub-)mm wavelength mapping of protostellar systems at Solar system scales. Astrochemistry has benefitted from imaging interstellar complex organic molecules in these jet–disc systems. Here, we report the first detection of methanol (CH3OH) and methyl formate (HCOOCH3) emission towards the triple protostellar system VLA1623−2417 A1+A2+B, obtained in the context of the ALMA Large Programme FAUST (Fifty AU STudy of the chemistry in the disc/envelope system of solar-like protostars). Compact methanol emission is detected in lines from Eu = 45 K up to 61 K and 537 K towards components A1 and B, respectively. Large velocity gradient analysis of the CH3OH lines towards VLA1623−2417 B indicates a size of 0.11–0.34 arcsec (14–45 au), a column density $N_{\rm CH_3OH}$ = 1016–1017 cm−2, kinetic temperature ≥ 170 K, and volume density ≥ 108 cm−3. A local thermodynamic equilibrium approach is used for VLA1623−2417 A1, given the limited Eu range, and yields Trot ≤ 135 K. The methanol emission around both VLA1623−2417 A1 and B shows velocity gradients along the main axis of each disc. Although the axial geometry of the two discs is similar, the observed velocity gradients are reversed. The CH3OH spectra from B show two broad (4–5 km s−1) peaks, which are red- and blueshifted by ∼ 6–7 km s−1 from the systemic velocity. Assuming a chemically enriched ring within the accretion disc, close to the centrifugal barrier, its radius is calculated to be 33 au. The methanol spectra towards A1 are somewhat narrower (∼ 4 km s−1), implying a radius of 12–24 au.
Extreme pebble accretion in ringed protoplanetary discs
Authors: Cummins Daniel P , Owen James E , Booth Richard A 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Axisymmetric dust rings containing tens to hundreds of Earth masses of solids have been observed in protoplanetary discs with (sub-)millimetre imaging. Here, we investigate the growth of a planetary embryo in a massive (150 M⊕) axisymmetric dust trap through dust and gas hydrodynamics simulations. When accounting for the accretion luminosity of the planetary embryo from pebble accretion, the thermal feedback on the surrounding gas leads to the formation of an anticyclonic vortex. Since the vortex forms at the location of the planet, this has significant consequences for the planet’s growth: as dust drifts towards the pressure maximum at the centre of the vortex, which is initially co-located with the planet, a rapid accretion rate is achieved, in a distinct phase of ‘vortex-assisted’ pebble accretion. Once the vortex separates from the planet due to interactions with the disc, it accumulates dust, shutting off accretion on to the planet. We find that this rapid accretion, mediated by the vortex, results in a planet containing ≈100 M⊕ of solids. We follow the evolution of the vortex, as well as the efficiency with which dust grains accumulate at its pressure maximum as a function of their size, and investigate the consequences this has for the growth of the planet as well as the morphology of the protoplanetary disc. We speculate that this extreme formation scenario may be the origin of giant planets that are identified to be significantly enhanced in heavy elements.
Robust features of off-axis gamma-ray burst afterglow light curves
Authors: Beniamini Paz , Gill Ramandeep , Granot Jonathan 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
The ultra-relativistic outflows powering gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) acquire angular structure through their interaction with external material. They are often characterized by a compact, nearly uniform narrow core (with half-opening angle θc,{ϵ, Γ}) surrounded by material with energy per unit solid angle ($\epsilon =\epsilon _{\rm c}\Theta _{\epsilon }^{-a}$, where $\Theta _{\lbrace \epsilon ,\Gamma \rbrace }=[1+\theta ^2/\theta _{{\rm c},\lbrace \epsilon ,\Gamma \rbrace }^2]^{1/2}$) and initial specific kinetic energy ($\Gamma _0-1=[\Gamma _{\rm c}-1]\Theta _\Gamma ^{-b}$) declining as power laws. Multiwavelength afterglow light curves of off-axis jets (with viewing angle θobs &gt; θc) offer robust ways to constrain a, b, and the external density radial profile (ρ ∝ R−k), even while other burst parameters may remain highly degenerate. We extend our previous work on such afterglows to include more realistic angular structure profiles derived from three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of both long and short GRBs (addressing also jets with shallow angular energy profiles, whose emission exhibits unique evolution). We present afterglow light curves based on our parametrized power-law jet angular profiles for different viewing angles θobs and k = {0, 1, 2}. We identify a unique evolutionary power-law phase of the characteristic synchrotron frequencies (νm and νc) that manifests when the light curve is dominated by emission sensitive to the angular structure of the outflow. We calculate the criterion for obtaining single or double peaked light curves in the general case when θc,Γ ≠ θc,ϵ. We emphasize how the shape of the light curve and the temporal evolution of νm and νc can be used to constrain the outflow structure and potentially distinguish between magnetic and hydrodynamic jets.