bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Prognostic indicators of advanced disease
Authors: Kruger Deirdré , Lahoud Nicola , Yako Yandiswa Y. , Devar John , Smith Martin 
Published: January 2022

Background/Objectives
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy associated with high metastatic risk. Prognosis remains poor even after resection. Previously our group identified biomarkers that improved diagnostic accuracy in PDAC beyond the established diagnostic tumour marker, CA19-9. Risk factors, symptoms and circulating biomarkers associated with a PDAC diagnosis may differ from those that alter disease progression and metastasis. This study aimed at assessing the risk factors, presenting symptoms and potential prognostic biomarkers in PDAC and determine their relationship with PDAC stage and/or metastatic status.

Methods
Seventy-two PDAC patients with imaging available for TNM staging at presentation were enrolled following informed consent. Demographic and clinical data were captured. Blood was collected and 38 cytokines/angiogenic factors measured. Nonparametric association tests, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed using STATA version 14.2. A p-value≤0.05 was considered significant and odds ratios reported for effect size.

Results
Most risk factors and symptoms did not differ across the stages of cancer. Although male gender and smoking are risk factors for PDAC, the majority of study patients with metastatic PDAC were non-smoking females. In addition to CA19-9, the platelet count (p<0.01), IL-15 (p = 0.02) and GM-CSF (p<0.01) were significant, independent negative predictors of metastatic PDAC. Moreover, using specific cut-off values in a combined panel, the odds in a patient with all three biomarker levels below the cut-offs is 21 times more likely to have metastatic PDAC (p<0.0001).

Conclusions
Platelet count, IL-15 and GM-CSF are potential prognostic indicators of metastatic disease in PDAC patients from our local South African population.
Multiple positive solutions for a logarithmic Schrödinger–Poisson
system with singular nonelinearity
Authors: Peng Linyan , Suo Hongmin , Wu Deke , Feng Hongxi , Lei Chunyu 
Published: January 2022

In this article, we devote ourselves to investigate the following
logarithmic Schrödinger–Poisson systems with singular nonlinearity

{

−
Δ
u
+
ϕ
u
=

|

u

|

p−2

u
log
⁡

|

u

|

+

λ

u
γ

,

i
n

Ω
,

−
Δ
ϕ
=

u

2

,

i
n

Ω
,

u
=
ϕ
=
0
,

o
n

∂
Ω
,

where
Ω
is a smooth bounded domain with boundary
0
<
γ
<
1 ,
p
∈
(
4
,
6
)
and
λ
>
0
is a real parameter. By using the critical point theory for nonsmooth functional
and variational method, the existence and multiplicity of positive
solutions are established.
An Electronic Decision Support Intervention Reduces Readmissions for Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Louissaint Jeremy , Grzyb Katie , Bashaw Linda , Mohammad Rima A. , Parikh Neehar D. , Tapper Elliot B. 
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Rifaximin use in combination with lactulose is associated with a decreased risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE).

METHODS:
We prospectively evaluated the impact of an interruptive electronic medical record alert to indicate rifaximin for patients with cirrhosis and HE on lactulose.

RESULTS:
The intervention was associated increased rifaximin utilization, particularly for nongastroenterology and hospitalist services odds ratio 1.20 95% confidence interval (1.09–1.31). For patients with HE, the intervention was associated with a lower readmission risk–adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio 0.63 95% confidence interval (0.48–0.82).

DISCUSSION:
An interruptive alert in the electronic ordering system was associated with a lower risk of readmissions.
Towards Good Statistical Practice. CORSTAN Validated Questionnaire for Assessing the Correctness of Statistical Analysis in Medical Research
Authors: Rebrova O. Yu. , Fediaeva V. K. , Aksenov V. A. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: In evidence-based medicine, the research methodology is determined by the risks of systematic biases and incorrect data analysis. Minimizing both risks increases the internal validity of the study. There are numerous recommendations and guidelines for data analysis and reporting, but the international community has not yet developed a questionnaire for reviewers to assess the quality of statistical analysis.AIM: To develop a tool for formalized assessment of the quality of statistical analysis presented in scientific medical publications.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The questionnaire was developed based on the authors' decades of experience in statistical data analysis and reviewing the statistical aspects of biomedical articles and dissertations. The SAMPL guidelines, ICH E9, and other guidelines were taken into account when developing the questionnaire. Internal validation of the questionnaire was based on an independent assessment by two experts of 20 randomly selected articles on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from elibrary.ru, and further statistical analysis of the agreement of experts' conclusions.RESULTS: The CORSTAN (CORrect STatistical ANalysis) questionnaire was developed, which consists of two parts: the first part (10 questions) is intended for evaluating studies of any designs, while the second (following eight questions) is for additional assessment of RCTs. A stratification of the risk of incorrect statistical analysis is proposed. The evaluation of the questionnaire's internal validity showed its substantial and almost perfect agreement for each question and each article both in the sum of points and risk level.CONCLUSION: The use of the questionnaire will simplify and harmonize the statistical review of publications and manuscripts in various institutions - scientific journals, dissertation boards, etc. The questionnaire can also be helpful for authors during preparing manuscripts; it will also help improve the quality of publications and research itself. We plan to improve the questionnaire as we gain experience in its application.
Adrenal glands stem cells: general signaling pathways
Authors: Glazova O. V. , Vorontsova M. V. , Shevkova L. V. , Sakr N. , Onyanov N. A. , Kaziakhmedova S. A. , Volchkov P. Y. 
Published: January 2022

Nowadays stem cells of adult type are attractive in case of active development of cell and genome technologies. They are the target of new therapeutic approaches, which are based on correction of mutations or replenishment of organs, that were damaged by autoimmune reactions, aging or other pathological processes. Also stem cells, including patient-specific (induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, iPSCs), and obtained by differentiation from them tissue cultures and organoids are the closest models to in vivo researches on humans, which gives an opportunity to get more relevant data while testing different therapeutic approaches and pharmacological drugs. The main molecular pathways, that are essential for homeostasis of a cortex of a adrenal gland — compound, structurally and functionally heterogeneous organ, is described the presented review. The adrenal cortex is renewing during the organism’s ontogenesis at the expense of the pool of stem and progenitors cells, which are in tight junctions with differentiated steroidogenic cells and which are under constant control of endocrine and paracrine signals. The understanding of signaling pathways and interactions of different cell types will give an opportunity to develop the most suitable protocols for obtaining cells of adrenal gland cortex in a different stages of differentiation to use them in scientific and medical purposes.
Vitamin D metabolite and calcium phosphorus metabolism in in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism on the background of bolus therapy with colecalciferol
Authors: Maganeva I. S. , Pigarova E. A. , Shulpekova N. V. , Dzeranova L. K. , Eremkina A. K. , Miliutina A. P. , Povaliaeva A. A. , Zhukov A. Y. , Bogdanov V. P. , Rozhinskaya L. Ya. , Mokrysheva N. G. 
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(ОН)D]) deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and insufficiency (20–29 ng/mL) are common in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), but data regarding the vitamin D metabolism in this population is limited.AIM: The aim of this study is to estimate the vitamin D metabolites and their relationship with the main parameters of phosphorus-calcium metabolism in patients with PHPT at baseline and on the background of a single dose of cholecalciferol 150,000 IU.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center interventional, dynamic, prospective, comparative study has been carried out. The study included 54 participants, divided into two groups: the 1st group included 27 patients with confirmed PHPT, the 2nd control group (n = 27), matched on gender (p = 0.062). The study included 4 visits; the baseline laboratory examination and a bolus dose of cholecalciferol were performed at the visit 1, the subsequent visits included a dynamic laboratory examination.RESULTS: Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) was detected in 69% of patients with PHPT. In the PHPT group (before cholecalciferol therapy), there was a direct association of 1.25(OH)2 D3 with albumin-corrected and ionized calcium, as well as between the 25(OH)D3 /24.25(OH)2 D3 ratio with PTH and magnesium. After taking of cholecalciferol, the levels of 1.25(OH)2 D3 and 25(OH)D3 /24.25(OH)2 D3 were significantly increased, and the levels of 25(OH)D3 /1.25(OH)2 D3 were significantly declined at all visits among patients with PHPT. The common 25(OH)D level was comparable to the control group, however the levels of 1,25(OH)2 D3 in patients with PHPT were 55% higher at baseline, and after taking of cholecalciferol 150,000 IU. They remained increased by 3–7 days by an additional 23–36%, significantly higher than those in the control group: 44%, 74% and 65%, at visits 2, 3 and 4, respectively (p<0.05). The taking of 150,000 IU cholecalciferol in the PHPT group did not lead to a significant increase in hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria, which indicates the safety of this dose in patients with mild hypercalcemia (albumin corrected calcium <3 mmol/l). None of the study participants experienced any side effects.CONCLUSION: The completely comprehensive assessment of vitamin D metabolites was carried out for the first time in patients with PHPT before and after using a bolus dose of cholecalciferol. The results confirmed the differences of vitamin D metabolism in chronic excessive secretion of PTH compared to control group, which is new data in the pathogenesis of the disease, and can be used to develop optimal regimens for cholecalciferol taking in this population.
ASPECTS OF GREEN MARKETING, PRODUCTS, PRICES, AND BUYING INTEREST AT SUPER INDO OUTLETS
Authors: Sukoco Andreas Ari , Herdioko Jonathan , Krisanta Brigitta Evelyn 
Published: January 2022

Green marketing is basically a social marketing concept that protects and builds consumer welfare by paying attention to environmental sustainability. In the business context, the green marketing aspect is starting to become an aspect that is used as the basis for showing the advantages of a business. This study aims to see how green marketing moderates the effect of product and price on consumer buying interest. The aspects studied in this study include product aspects, price aspects, green marketing aspects and their influence on buying interest.
The study was conducted in Yogyakarta with random sampling of Super Indo consumers. Field data collection is carried out in the period from May to July 2021. Data collection is carried out by distributing questionnaires with validity and reliability tests first. Data analysis was carried out using the Regression-Moderation model with product and price aspects as independent variables. Aspects of buying interest as an independent variable, while the green marketing variable as a moderating variable.
The results of this study indicate that product and price aspects in general still have an effect on consumer buying interest. Meanwhile, an understanding of green marketing has a significant influence in moderating the relationship between products and consumer buying interest in Super Indo Supremarket retail.
Deep learning approach to text analysis for human emotion detection from big data
Authors: Guo Jia 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Emotional recognition has arisen as an essential field of study that can expose a variety of valuable inputs. Emotion can be articulated in several means that can be seen, like speech and facial expressions, written text, and gestures. Emotion recognition in a text document is fundamentally a content-based classification issue, including notions from natural language processing (NLP) and deep learning fields. Hence, in this study, deep learning assisted semantic text analysis (DLSTA) has been proposed for human emotion detection using big data. Emotion detection from textual sources can be done utilizing notions of Natural Language Processing. Word embeddings are extensively utilized for several NLP tasks, like machine translation, sentiment analysis, and question answering. NLP techniques improve the performance of learning-based methods by incorporating the semantic and syntactic features of the text. The numerical outcomes demonstrate that the suggested method achieves an expressively superior quality of human emotion detection rate of 97.22% and the classification accuracy rate of 98.02% with different state-of-the-art methods and can be enhanced by other emotional word embeddings.
From Liability Shields to Democratic Theory: What We Need from Tort Theory Now
Authors: Feldman Heidi Li 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the United States, one startling response to COVID-19 has been a push for so-called “liability shields,” laws modifying tort doctrine so as to largely eliminate tort liability for negligently causing COVID-19. Though not enacted at the federal level, such changes have been adopted in numerous states. This article excavates and articulates the tort theory that lies behind this puzzlingly response to a pandemic. I call the theory “tort deflationism.” Grounded in modern American conservatism and with a doctrinal pedigree dating back to the 1970s, tort deflationism explains and justifies only minimal tort liability, out of deference to non-governmental actors – especially family, church, and business—and suspicion of government competence and power. Other tort theories should reckon with tort deflationism, and I discuss some challenges of doing so. The contest between tort deflationism and other theories speaks to ongoing debates about the legitimacy of law in pluralist democracies. I urge tort theorists to enter these debates and to consider their implications for tort law itself.
Rayleigh anomaly-enabled mode hybridization in gold nanohole arrays by scalable colloidal lithography for highly-sensitive biosensing
Authors: Zhang Zhiliang , Zhao Feng , Gao Renxian , Jao Chih-Yu , Ma Churong , Li Jie , Li Xiangping , Guan Bai-Ou , Cetin Arif E. , Chen Kai 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Plasmonic sensors exhibit tremendous potential to accomplish real-time, label-free, and high-sensitivity biosensing. Gold nanohole array (GNA) is one of the classic plasmonic nanostructures that can be readily fabricated and integrated into microfluidic platforms for a variety of applications. Even though GNA has been widely studied, new phenomena and applications are still emerging continuously expanding its capabilities. In this article, we demonstrated narrow-band high-order resonances enabled by Rayleigh anomaly in the nanohole arrays that are fabricated by scalable colloidal lithography. We fabricated large-area GNAs with different hole diameters, and investigated their transmission characteristics both numerically and experimentally. We showed that mode hybridization between the plasmon mode of the nanoholes and Rayleigh anomaly of the array could give rise to high-quality decapole resonance with a unique nearfield profile. We experimentally achieved a refractive index sensitivity, i.e., RIS up to 407 nm/RIU. More importantly, we introduced a spectrometer-free refractive index sensing based on lens-free smartphone imaging of GNAs with (intensity) sensitivity up to 137%/RIU. Using this platform, we realized the label-free detection of BSA molecules with concentration as low as 10−8 M. We believe our work could pave the way for highly sensitive and compact point-of-care devices with cost-effective and high-throughput plasmonic chips.
Empirical formulation of broadband complex refractive index spectra of single-chirality carbon nanotube assembly
Authors: Nishihara Taishi , Takakura Akira , Shimasaki Masafumi , Matsuda Kazunari , Tanaka Takeshi , Kataura Hiromichi , Miyauchi Yuhei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Assemblies of single-walled carbon nanotubes with a specific chiral structure are promising future optofunctional materials because of their strong light–matter coupling arising from sharp optical resonances of quasi-one-dimensional excitons. Their strong optical resonances, which lie in the infrared-to-visible wavelength region, can be selected by their chiralities, and this selectivity promises a wide range of applications including photonic and thermo-optic devices. However, the broadband complex optical spectra of single-chirality carbon nanotube assemblies are scarce in the literature, which has prevented researchers and engineers from designing devices using them. Here, we experimentally determine broadband complex refractive index spectra of single-chirality carbon nanotube assemblies. Free-standing carbon nanotube membranes and those placed on sapphire substrates were fabricated via filtration of the nanotube solution prepared by the separation method using gel chromatography. Transmission and reflection spectra were measured in the mid-infrared to visible wavelength region, and the complex refractive indices of nanotube assemblies were determined as a function of photon energy. The real and imaginary parts of the refractive indices of the nanotube membrane with a bulk density of 1 g cm−3 at the first subband exciton resonance were determined to be approximately 2.7–3.6 and 1.3i–2.4i, respectively. We propose an empirical formula that phenomenologically describes the complex refractive index spectra of various single-chirality nanotube membranes, which can facilitate the design of photonic devices using carbon nanotubes as the material.
New Mechanical Model for Evaluating Bearing Capacity of Prestressed Pipe Piles in Soil: Effect of Soil Layer
Authors: Chen Rongbao , Zhang Jichao , Chen Zeyu , Zhang Xiaoyu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Because of the complexity of pile driving into different soil layers, the existing models fail to consider the effect of the soil layers. Thus, this paper develops a new mechanical model for predicting the bearing capacity of prestressed concrete pipe piles (PCPPs) while considering the influence of the soil layers. To this end, 12 PCPPs were constructed in the field for two types of experimental tests: the static load test (SLT) and the high-strain dynamic test (HSDT). The pile and soil properties, such as the settlement of the pile top, the cumulative deformation of the pile body, the side friction, the end bearing of the pile, and the damping coefficient, were measured or calculated. Then, a new mechanical model of the pile driving was proposed to include the influence of the types of the soil layer: sand, silt, silty clay, and highly weathered argillaceous siltstone. The corresponding calculation program based on the developed algorithm was compiled. Furthermore, the results of the SLT and the HSDT were then compared with the numerical data calculated by the developed model. The results demonstrate that the soil-layer type significantly impacts the pile-side or pile-end properties of the soil, such as the maximum elastic deformation and the damping coefficient. The new mechanical model of pile driving provides acceptable prediction data with a maximum difference of 15 % from the results of the SLT and the HSDT. Therefore, the mechanical model of pile driving is potentially useful for predicting the bearing capacity of prestressed pipe piles in the field.
Hypokalemia Measurement and Management in Patients With Status Asthmaticus on Continuous Albuterol
Authors: Cox Courtney , Patel Krishna , Cantu Rebecca , Akmyradov Chary , Irby Katherine 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
Status asthmaticus is commonly treated in pediatric patients by using continuous albuterol, which can cause hypokalemia. The primary aim of this study was to determine if serial potassium monitoring is necessary by examining treatment frequency of hypokalemia.

METHODS
This retrospective analysis was performed in 185 pediatric patients admitted with status asthmaticus requiring continuous albuterol between 2017 and 2019. All patients were placed on intravenous fluids containing potassium. The primary outcome measure was the treatment of hypokalemia in relation to the number of laboratory draws for potassium levels. The secondary outcome measure was hypokalemia frequency and relation to the duration and initial dose of continuous albuterol.

RESULTS
Included were 156 patients with 420 laboratory draws (average, 2.7 per patient) for potassium levels. The median lowest potassium level was 3.40 mmol/L (interquartile range, 3.2–3.7). No correlation was found between initial albuterol dose and lowest potassium level (P = .52). Patients with hypokalemia had a mean albuterol time of 12.32 (SD, 15.76) hours, whereas patients without hypokalemia had a mean albuterol time of 11.50 (SD, 12.53) hours (P = .29). Potassium levels were treated 13 separate times.

CONCLUSIONS
The number of laboratory draws for potassium levels was high in our cohort, with few patients receiving treatment for hypokalemia beyond the potassium routinely added to maintenance fluids. Length of time on albuterol and dose of albuterol were not shown to increase the risk of hypokalemia. Serial laboratory measurements may be decreased to potentially reduce health care costs, pain, and anxiety surrounding needlesticks.
Ageing societies and the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic – Statements of the European Geriatric Medicine Society and measures of the Hungarian Government concerning older people
Authors: Lelbach A. , Bényei E. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Purpose
Ageing of the societies is a demographic phenomenon in the developed world. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel human coronavirus responsible for a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). World Health Organization (WHO) data demonstrated that the first two waves of the pandemic had the most severe impact on older people and that is why new guidelines and protocols were necessary in geriatric medicine to protect senior citizens.

Materials and methods
In our publication, we summarise the three statements of EuGMS concerning the first and second waves of COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. Besides following the European recommendations, a proper local response was necessary in each country.

Results
The Hungarian Government has successfully completed the necessary measures during the first two waves, which are summarised in our publication. Those measures took into consideration not only the international guidelines, but the capacities of the healthcare system, as well as the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of the country.

Conclusions
Successful local defence against COVID-19 required adequate and optimised interpretation of the international guidelines to save the life of thousands of older adults in Hungary.