bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of no-till technology on the fertility of degraded and low-humus soils
Authors: Volkov A I , Prohorova L N , Stepanov A S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The transition to innovative tillage technologies is currently an effective way to preserve and increase the fertility of agricultural land. The purpose of the work is to study the impact of no-till technology on the fertility of degraded and low-humus soils in the Middle Volga region. The main research method was the monitoring of agricultural lands, where traditional (control), minimum and no-till technologies for cultivating grain crops were used as part of field crop rotations. As a result of research conducted over fifteen years on degraded leached chernozems, light gray forest and low-humus soddy-podzolic soil types, it was found that the introduction of no-till technology contributes to an increase in the number of earthworms by 36% and soil invertebrates by 42%. At the same time, the ratio of different groups of soil mesofauna also changes. In particular, an increase in the number of organized predators (ground beetles, rove beetles, spiders, geofields) capable of regulating the number of harmful species of soil animals (for example, wireworm larvae) was revealed. No-till technology has a beneficial effect on agrophysical, agrochemical indicators of fertility and biological activity of degraded and low-humus soils. The crushing of straw and its use as mulch for fifteen years made it possible to form a positive balance of organic matter and increase the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the soil by an average of 20% and 15%, respectively. Improving the nutritional regime of the soil contributes to a positive impact on the quality characteristics and grain yield of winter and spring wheat, winter rye, barley and corn. With the introduction of no-till technology as the main method of crop production, grain yield increases by 3 and 6% compared to the minimum and traditional technology.
On the issue of increasing the efficiency of the spindles of a vertical-spindle cotton picker
Authors: Ravutov Sh T , Rizayev A A , Rajapbaev U A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article is devoted to the issue of increasing the efficiency of vertical-spindle cotton pickers by rational choice of kinematic and geometrical parameters of the main working body – the spindle drum. In particular, in the work, an analysis of the actual operating conditions of the spindles, existing machines, and the results of previous studies in this area indicate the main reasons for the low efficiency of cotton pickers. As a criterion for evaluating the efficiency of the vertical spindles, the “activity” of the spindles and the force that occurs between the cotton boll and the surface of the latter are taken. It is shown that the design features of the existing vertical spindle drums do not allow increasing the active surface of the spindles and their favorable orientation relative to cotton bolls in the collection area. It is substantiated that in order to increase the activity of the spindles in the collection zone, it is necessary to inform them, as they move in this zone, of the variable speed and trajectory of the spindle movement, which improves the conditions for the interaction of the latter with the cotton boll. The obtained results are compared and analyzed with the same results of the existing spindle drums, which showed a significant increase in the activity of the spindles when using elliptical drums as the main working body of the cotton picker.
Substantiation of the parameters of modernized cotton bundle disassembler machine with the working drum with a curved peg and a flexible element
Authors: Khodjiev Muksin , Ashurov Asrorjon , Rakhimov Khakimboy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The article covers the results of research on substantiation of the parameters of the modernized cotton bundle disassembler machine with the working drum with a curved peg and a flexible element. The design scheme and working principle of the machine are described. Recommended values of the parameters because of full factor experiments in the production environment are given. The results of the calculations after processing in the article are presented in the form of connection graphs for raw cotton. In each graph, the first factor is presented at the minimum, the second at the intermediate, and the third at the maximum value. The figures show graphs of the dependence of the seed damage after the UHK unit on the input factors and the graphs of the dependence of the torque on the milling shaft on the input factors.
Theoretical study of the formation of relaxation autovibration in the working organs of a toothed harrow
Authors: Umurzakov A X , Qosimov A A , Imomov M X , Xamidov K A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper presents theoretical analyzes on the formation of horizontal auto-vibration in a toothed storm hallow tillage into the soil before planting. The theory of frictional auto-vibrations was used in the study of horizontal auto-oscillations generated in the Borona working.
To the study of one-dimensional motion of a deep ripper in natural soil in the presence of an elastic coupling between the shank and the ripper point
Authors: Djuraeva N B , Kuldoshev D A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As a result of the interaction of the deep ripper working body with the natural ground the soil changes its structure and deforms. The dynamics of cultivated soil is described on the basis of a model of a compressible plastic medium. According to this model, the stresses in the perturbed region satisfy the Mohr-Coulomb plasticity condition. As a result of solving the equation of motion of the ripper point in the form of a circular cone rigidly coupled to the ripper shank through an elastic element, it was found that with an increase in the stiffness coefficient, the ripper point performs high-frequency oscillations with increasing amplitude, that is, the elastic element in the process of movement of the ripper is to a greater extent in the state of compression, the value of which increases with the growth of the soil compaction parameter; at the same time, the stiffness coefficient practically does not affect the oscillation amplitude.
Economic value of spring barley varieties depending on the predecessor in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region
Authors: Yakubyshina L I , Shakhova O A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In 2014-2017 studies were carried out on the experimental field of the State Autonomous Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region to study the effect of predecessors on the yield of seeds of barley varieties Vorsinsky 2, Chelyabinsky 99, Acha, Abalak. It has been established that barley varieties formed a yield of 1.35-1.50 t/ha according to the predecessor wheat. At the same time the Abalak variety stood out for the better. According to the predecessor of peas, the seed yield increased to 2.04-2.30 t/ha. The varieties Acha and Abalak were more productive, the increase to the control variant was 0.80-0.81 t/ha, or 54.1-55.9%. The maximum yield of seeds of the studied barley varieties was obtained using the pure fallow predecessor and amounted to 2.27-2.41 t/ha which is 0.89-0.98 t/ha, or 59.3-68.7% higher than the control variant. In terms of seed yield the corn predecessor occupied an intermediate position between the predecessors of peas and pure fallow.
Application of computer vision in food industry to predict sexual dimorphism in poultry eggs during incubation
Authors: Aleynikov A F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The need for non-invasive sex determination in bird eggs before incubation and during the incubation period is shown. Modern methods for assessing the sexual dimorphism of eggs based on Raman spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, fluorescence, obtaining RGB images of the texture of blood vessels and measuring the egg shape index are analysed. Their advantages and disadvantages are shown. A computer colorimetric setup has been developed and described that will make it possible to make an inexpensive but reliable sex prediction based on the spatial asymmetry of the egg shape and differences in the texture of the blood vessels of future hens and cockerels.
Development of the food system in Russia and its role in the global food system
Authors: Yakovlev Valeriy A , Alexseev Sakhamin P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The basis of people’s livelihoods is formed depending on food security within the global system of economic security. It should be noted that one of the most important conditions is the stability of the economic system to a variety of internal and external influences, which may be of a political or economic nature. One of the priority areas for achieving food security in a significant part of the countries is the process of stimulating the development of national agriculture. Of course, this process will involve the implementation of special support measures, as well as increasing competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets. It is also very important to provide appropriate protection against the food expansion of exporting countries. At the same time, food security implies the physical and economic availability of the necessary food products in the required quantity and assortment. Its achievement in Russia is due to the sufficiency of agricultural land resources and bioclimatic potential for the production of basic foodstuffs in the required quantities. I agree with the opinion that today the problem of food security has become paramount due to the following events: environmental degradation, changing natural and climatic conditions in the world, overpopulation and, as a result, the threat of a food crisis. The purpose of my study of this topic is to show the features of the development of the country’s food system.
Evaluation of meat quality sheep of the bred Kalmyk fat-tailed breed type
Authors: Tserenov I V , Reshetnikova A O , Knyazhechenko O A , Gorlov I F , Slozhenkina M I , Languzov A A , Mosolova D A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results of the analysis of the chemical and amino acid composition of the meat; in general the meat of the experimental group animals was better by 1.02 g/100 g, or 11.12 % by the sum of all essential amino acids compared to the control sample, and consequently the animals of the experimental group exceeded the control sample by 0.99 g/100 g, or 10.25 % by the content of substituted amino acids in the meat of sheep. It can be concluded that the bred type had a positive effect on the live weight of experimental young sheep, the chemical composition of meat and its biological value. The meat of sheep of the bred type is rich in high-grade protein and has an increased content of amino acids, including essential amino acids.
Influence of the substrate on the accumulation of nitrates by vegetables when cultivated in open ground
Authors: Aukhadieva E A , Daukaev R A , Allayarova G R , Afonkina S R , Zelenkovskaya E E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A study was carried out on the effect of the substrate on the accumulation of nitrates by vegetable products. It was revealed that the intensity of accumulation depends on the method of application and the origin of the fertilizer, but to a greater extent - on the species characteristics of crops: some crops do not accumulate excess nitrates even when fertilizing (carrots, spinach), while others intensively accumulate them when grown in unenriched soil (beets, zucchini, parsley). Even with the rational use of fertilizers on a substrate with organic fertilizer, an excess of the permissible norm was found in potato tubers, beet roots, parsley and dill leaves, onion bulbs, zucchini fruits, and on a substrate with fertilizer of mineral origin - in beet roots, onion bulbs, zucchini fruits, parsley and lettuce leaves, which indicates the need to strengthen control over the content of this contaminant in vegetable products.
Innovation food technology of semi-finished lamb products with antioxidant and chickpea extrudate
Authors: Natyrov A K , Grebennikova Yu D , Slozhenkin A B , Grishin V S , Lazareva E Y , Tkachenkova N A , Reshetnikova A O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article substantiates the production of a new type of chopped semi-finished products using chickpea extrudate and an antioxidant. The purpose of this study is to develop a new type of chopped semi-finished products from mutton meat of the Edilbaev breed with the addition of an antioxidant to increase the biological and nutritional value. The main tasks for the study were identified: the rationale for the choice of meat raw materials, vegetable additives, as well as an antioxidant, the development of a recipe for chopped semi-finished products, the technology for their preparation, the study of the effect of the introduced antioxidant and vegetable additive on organoleptic, physicochemical and microbiological indicators, the rationale for the functional properties of the product and the feasibility of its use. The use of chickpeas allows you to increase the content of protein, amino acids, trace elements in the product. Chickpea extrudate was found to be superior to whole grain chickpeas. The mass fraction of extrudate protein is increased by 7%, while fat and carbohydrates are reduced by 2.5% and 11%, respectively. During the study, two samples were made: control and experimental with an antioxidant and chickpeas, an organoleptic evaluation of the finished product was carried out, physical and chemical parameters, amino acid composition, nutritional and energy value of semi-finished products were studied. The microelement composition of chickpeas and extrudate was also studied. A comparative analysis of two samples showed that in the experimental sample there is more moisture by 0.8% and more protein by 5.65% than in the control, and the proportion of fat is less by 2.8%. The research results indicate the positive effect of chickpea extrudate and antioxidant on the nutritional and biological value of chopped semi-finished products.
Justification of the technological scheme of the separating working body of potato digger
Authors: Bayboboev N G , Rembalovich G K , Murodov R H , Mamadaliev A M , Akbarov Sh B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the article, based on theoretical and experimental research, the choice of the constructive-technological scheme of the separating working body of potato diggers is substantiated. As a result, it was found that the separating working bodies of potato diggers with drive disc-elastic fingers located above the elevator bed provide the best performance.
Optimal concentration of proteolytic enzyme preparation for meat processing
Authors: Fayziev A A 
Published: December 2022

Annotation
Research work has been carried out on the effect of various concentrations of an enzyme preparation (EP) on some indicators of salted camel meat. The proteolytic activity, pH and temperature optimum of the enzyme protosubtilin G20x were studied. The effect of protosubtilin G20x on VVS, shear stress, consistency and yield after boiling of salted camel meat samples was studied. This research work indicates that the treatment of meat with an enzyme preparation causes moisture-binding capacity (WCC), with this there are significant changes in the consistency and mass of the samples after heat treatment.
Phytobiotics in pig feeding architecture for the organic animal husbandry development
Authors: Mosolov A A , Starodubova Yu V , Miroshnik A S , Slozhenkina M I , Komlatsky V I , Struk A N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The article presents an analysis of possibility for the use of additives based on vegetable raw materials in pig feeding architecture as an alternative to antibiotics. Until recently, feed antibiotics have been widely used as adaptogens and growth stimulants. Considering the numerous negative consequences, the feasibility of using phytobiotics as an alternative has been proven. The relevance of this scientific field is increasing due to development of organic animal husbandry and the Law on Organic Products adopted in Russia. Numerous research results confirm the important place of herbal supplements in the modern concept of animal feeding. Phytogenic feed components help to control and improve digestion process, contribute to formation of a balanced intestinal microflora, and improve general condition of gastrointestinal tract of farm animals. They are an extremely complex mixture of bioactive components and differ both in biological characteristics and production technology. Natural herbal supplements are used to enhance antioxidant protective mechanisms and reduce intensity of oxidative processes. The complex mechanism of their absorption in intestine minimizes impact of oxygen free radicals and positively affects the growth rate of animals. To reduce feeding and weaning stress in piglets, it is advisable to use adaptogens, for example, phytobiotics, which simultaneously stimulate growth and immune functions of body. The use of phytobiotics contributes to the greening of agricultural production and improving quality of life of the population. Thus, in a complex approach to the problem of piglets and sows productivity, diets with the use of phytobiotics are of great importance.
Species and quantitative composition of weeds in wheat agrophytocenosis in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals
Authors: Shulepova O V , Sannikova N V , Fisunov N V 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The article analyzes the species and quantitative composition of weeds in wheat agrophytocenosis. From 16 species of weeds in different years prevailed: from perennial – Cirsium arvense, Glechoma hederacea, Convolvulus arvensis, Sonchus arvensis, from juvenile wintering – Erodium cicutarium, Matricaria perforata, Viola arvensis, Thlaspi arvense. From spring juveniles – Amaranthus retroflexus, Spergula arvensis, Galeopsis speciosa, Chenopodium album, Fumaria officinalis, Galium aparine, Stellaria media. Field observations in 2017-2020 made it possible to establish some features in the change in the composition and abundance of different biological groups of weeds during the growing season. It is necessary to study the species composition of weeds in order to control, predict and regulate their abundance. In the tillering phase, the number of weeds in different years of research varied from 15.3 to 16.1 pcs/m2, which, according to the scale of determining the degree of clogging of fields, corresponds to a weak degree of clogging of 2.55-13.4%. Before cleaning, the degree of clogging increased by 0.2% in 2018, by 0.15% in 2019, and in 2017 and 2020, the degree of clogging remained at the same level – 3.4%, which was also characterized by a weak degree. Comparison of the contamination over different years allows us to identify the dynamics of the quantitative and specific composition of weeds in crops and adjust the system of measures to combat them.
The effect of pre-sowing seed treatment on the elements of the crop structure and the phytosanitary condition of spring wheat seeds of the Novosibirsk 31 variety
Authors: Bobrovsky A V , Mikhailets M A , Akbai-Ool A N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results of studies on the study of preparations for pre-sowing dressing of spring wheat seeds. The research results showed that pre-sowing seed treatment did not have a significant effect on the germination and coleoptile height of wheat seedlings. The use of a solution of a silicon-containing plant growth and development stimulator with a fungicidal effect, enriched with microelements, has significantly significant differences in the morphometric parameters of wheat seedlings (p = 0.000-0.048). The use of a spore-based biological fungicide stimulated the development of pathogenic microflora (p = 0.045). Seed treatment of a preparation based on a biopolymer enriched with silver and copper nanoparticles helps to reduce the development of pathogenic microflora (p = 0.017).
Evaluation of the rare earth elements phytotoxicity on the example of La and Ce
Authors: Krasavtseva E A , Maksimova V V 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Interest in the study of the toxicity of rare earth elements (REE) naturally increases with an increase in their consumption. The growth of exploration, development and mining of rare earth metals poses a serious threat to the environment, increasing the concentration of REE in air, water and soil. In this work, we assessed the phytotoxicity of cerium and lanthanum, as the most common rare earth lanthanides in the earth’s crust, using test systems with oats (Avena Sativa L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.). For both test objects, the toxic effect of high concentrations of lanthanum and cerium has been proven. In addition to the inhibition of the development of onion roots, a visually determined thickening and yellowing of the root cap, a change in the cells of the root merisystem were noted. For oats at high concentrations of lanthanum and cerium, yellowing of the roots and inhibition of their development, slowing down the growth of seedlings were also noted. At the same time, for oats at low concentrations of the studied substances, the effect of hormesis was noted.
Influence of lightculture on obtaining planting material of Ipomoea batatas (L.) in vitro
Authors: Abubakarov H G , Sleptsov N N , Sumin A V , Kalashnikova E A , Kirakosyan R N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The current article presents the results of the influence of lighting conditions on the morphogenetic potential of Ipomoea batatas (L.) microcuttings in vitro. The studied objects were 4 sweet potato cultivars - Jewel, Purple, Porto Rico, Vinnitsa pink. Microcuttings of I. batatas were cultivated in vitro. We used nutrient medium with mineral salts (according to the prescription of Murashige and Skoog (MS)) and medium only with distilled water (without mineral salts). All nutrient media contained sucrose 2% and agar 0.7%. Hormones were not added to the nutrient media. We studied the influence of the different red (R) and far red (FR) ratios, as well as the red and blue light spectrum on the formation of microshoots and the root system. It was shown that the lighting regimes (R and FR ratio) had a stimulating effect on the roots and shoots growth regardless of the medium composition. Moreover, significant results were obtained under conditions of complete nutrition (mineral salts according to MS) in contrast to the control treatment (fluorescent lamps) and the treatment without salts. The best results were obtained at the R=FR treatment. This light treatment can be recommended for inclusion in the technology of clonal micropropagation of sweet potato. When red and blue spectra were added to normal illumination in different proportions, it did not lead to an increase in the morphogenetic potential of cultivated explants. The growth rate (μ) of the main shoot from axillary buds was about 2 times less than in the control treatment.