bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterodonty and ontogenetic shift dynamics in the dentition of the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier (Chondrichthyes, Galeocerdidae)
Authors: Türtscher Julia , Jambura Patrick L. , López‐Romero Faviel A. , Kindlimann René , Sato Keiichi , Tomita Taketeru , Kriwet Jürgen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe lifelong tooth replacement in elasmobranch fishes (sharks, rays and skates) has led to the assemblage of a great number of teeth from fossil and extant species, rendering tooth morphology an important character for taxonomic descriptions, analysing phylogenetic interrelationships and deciphering their evolutionary history (e.g. origination, divergence, extinction). Heterodonty (exhibition of different tooth morphologies) occurs in most elasmobranch species and has proven to be one of the main challenges for these analyses. Although numerous shark species are discovered and described every year, detailed descriptions of tooth morphologies and heterodonty patterns are lacking or are only insufficiently known for most species. Here, we use landmark‐based 2D geometric morphometrics on teeth of the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier to analyse and describe dental heterodonties among four different ontogenetic stages ranging from embryo to adult. Our results reveal rather gradual and subtle ontogenetic shape changes, mostly characterized by increasing size and complexity of the teeth. We furthermore provide the first comprehensive description of embryonic dental morphologies in tiger sharks. Also, tooth shapes of tiger sharks in different ontogenetic stages are re‐assessed and depicted in detail. Finally, multiple cases of tooth file reversal are described. This study, therefore, contributes to our knowledge of dental traits across ontogeny in the extant tiger shark G. cuvier and provides a baseline for further morphological and genetic studies on the dental variation in sharks. Therefore, it has the potential to assist elucidating the underlying developmental and evolutionary processes behind the vast dental diversity observed in elasmobranch fishes today and in deep time.
Cryodehydration protocol to obtain high‐quality permanent anatomical material
Authors: Martins Leandro Luis , Sakalem Marna Eliana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe study of anatomy is largely dependent on cadaveric specimens to fulfill the tridimensional comprehension of each structure as well as the relationship between organs. Given the difficult access to fresh anatomical specimens, the constant renovation of samples for research and educational purposes is unsustainable, beyond the ethical issues involved. The standard technique for preserving specimens involves fixation and later immersion in formaldehyde, which enables a good result, but also presents elevated carcinogenic potential. Therefore, safe and efficient preservation methods are mandatory for anatomical practices and investigations. An accessible and inexpensive alternative for specimen preservation is cryodehydration. Cryodehydrated specimens can be kept dry, with no final odor, reducing the use and exposure to formaldehyde. The objective of this study was to propose a simplified step‐by‐step cryodehydration protocol to obtain high‐quality anatomical specimens. Through consecutive freezing and thawing cycles, cryodehydration caused a weight reduction of 60%–70% and allowed anatomical preservation, while maintaining the main morphological aspects of cavitary and parenchymatous organs, muscles, or even full‐body sections. The final specimens presented high durability and can be maintained for decades, preserving all relevant anatomical features.
Effectiveness of patient education on total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Tae Woo , Kim Su Hyun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study was designed to examine the contents and methods of patient educational interventions about total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and their effectiveness in reducing postoperative pain and enhancing range of motion (ROM) in the literature.BackgroundPatient education has been provided to facilitate recovery after TKA; however, little is known about the contents and methods of the interventions and their effectiveness in reducing postoperative pain and enhancing ROM.DesignThis is a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsPublished studies from June 1998–June 2021 were identified from electronic databases. Two independent investigators assessed the quality of the studies by using the revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. Meta‐analyses with random‐effects models were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the interventions using the Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Software. The study was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guideline.ResultsAmong 12 articles that met the inclusion criteria, three interventions provided education on pain management and mobility/exercises. The most common educational methods were the combinations of oral explanation, written materials, and audiovisual materials, group discussion, while four studies used information technology (IT) devices. The meta‐analysis demonstrated that the educational interventions using IT devices were effective in improving pain and ROM, but not the interventions that did not use IT devices.ConclusionStructured education for pain management, communication and/or exercise support programs utilising diverse methods have been provided to patients undergoing TKA. Using IT devices could successfully enhance the effectiveness of educational interventions for patients undergoing TKA.Relevance to clinical practiceIntegration of postoperative pain management and mobility/exercises with the use of IT devices should be actively considered in providing patient education in clinical nursing practice.
Midwives and child health nurses’ support is associated with positive coparenting for fathers of infants: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Wells Michael B. , Gedaly Lindsey R. , Aronson Olov 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine if the professional support that fathers received from midwives and child health nurses was associated with improvements in fathers’ coparenting. A secondary aim was to investigate if there were any support differences between fathers based on parity.BackgroundStronger coparenting is associated with improved maternal, paternal and child health. It is unclear if routine prenatal and postnatal professional support is associated with improved coparenting in fathers of infants.DesignCross‐sectional online survey.MethodsIn total, 612 fathers of infants (aged 0–24 months) completed baseline data between November 2018 and March 2020. Socio‐demographics, pregnancy control variables, social support, professional support, being invited to attend and attending three specific visits for fathers, respectively, and the fathers’ coparenting relationship, using the Brief Coparenting Relationship Scale, were assessed. The STROBE checklist was used as the reporting guideline for this study.ResultsFathers’ attendance at child health visits, support from the prenatal and postnatal midwife, respectively, and total support from the child health nurse, are associated with more positive coparenting. Primiparous fathers reported more received social and professional support, as well as a more positive coparenting relationship than multiparous fathers.ConclusionsReceiving clinical support from both midwives and child health nurses is associated with fathers’ positive coparenting. All fathers should be invited and encouraged to attend prenatal, postnatal and child health visits to further support their coparenting relationship. Relative to primiparous fathers, multiparous fathers may require targeted and additional clinical support regarding their coparenting relationship.Relevance to clinical practiceWith fathers becoming more involved in childrearing, having stronger coparenting skills can help them better adapt to their parental roles. Our findings help understand how routine professional support from midwives and child health nurses are experienced among new fathers and that multiparous fathers are in further need of coparenting support.
Measuring stability and structural breaks: Applications in social sciences
Authors: Loginova Daria , Mann Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSeveral theoretical and methodological works have helped to clarify a number of principles of data analysis. The application of this knowledge in social studies when investigating stability and structural breaks needs a clear roadmap. This article suggests methodological frameworks that use structured knowledge on volatility and stability. It explains principles of measure selection per se and regarding research interest and relates these principles to statistical methods. The paper makes recommendations for practitioners concerned with variation issues on model and method selection.
Temporal changes in self‐reported sleep quality, sleep duration and sleep medication use in relation to temporal changes in quality of life and work ability over a 1‐year period among Finnish municipal employees
Authors: Bergman Elina , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Myllyntausta Saana , Rautava Päivi , Korhonen Päivi E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this prospective follow‐up study, we aimed to examine whether changes in self‐reported sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleep medication use are temporally associated with changes in quality of life and work ability in municipal employees when several confounding factors are considered. The study was conducted in Finland among 637 municipal employees (88% women, mean [SD] age 48 [10] years) in 2014 and 2015. Information about the participants was collected by self‐administered questionnaire and from medical history. Predicting variables were changes in self‐reported sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleep medication use. Outcome variables were changes in the EUROHIS‐QOL eight‐item index and the Work Ability Score. Improved or unchanged sleep quality compared to worse sleep quality were associated with a preferable change in quality of life (both p < 0.001). No change in sleep duration compared to a decrease and no change in sleep medication use compared to increased use were also associated with favourable changes in quality of life. Increased use of sleep medication was associated with a decline in work ability, and the change in Work Ability Score also differed significantly between improved and worsened sleep quality. In this study, changes in sleep were widely associated with changes in quality of life and work ability of municipal employees. Programmes aiming for better sleep health would probably be beneficial both from a health‐oriented and an economical point of view. Special attention should be paid to employees with a need for sleep medication.
Disinfectant activities of extracts and metabolites from Baccharis dracunculifolia DC
Authors: Bernardes C. T. V. , Ribeiro V. P. , de Carvalho T. C. , Furtado R. A. , Jacometti Cardoso Furtado N. A. , Bastos J. K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The concern regarding the harm caused by biocides to human health has been increasing over the years, making the natural products an alternative to less toxic and more efficient biocides. Therefore, this paper reports the investigation of the disinfectant potential of extracts and isolated compounds from Baccharis dracunculifolia. For this purpose, extracts of aerial parts (BD-C), tricomial wash (BD-L) and roots (BD-R) of B. dracunculifolia were obtained by maceration. The extracts were submitted to different chromatographic techniques, including high-speedy countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) furnishing nine isolated compounds. The extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated regarding their antimicrobial activity by the broth microdilution method, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and regarding their sanitizing activity according to Standard Operating Procedure No. 65·3210·007 (INCQS, 2011), developed by the National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS) – Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ). In the antimicrobial evaluation the BD-C extract showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 200 and 100 µg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and Tricophyton mentagrophytes, respectively. BD-L extract showed MIC value of 200 µg/ml against S. aureus. The isolated compounds caffeic acid (MBC 2·22 µmol l−1), ferulic acid (MBC 2·06 µmol l−1) and baccharin (MBC 0·27 µmol l−1) showed significant inhibitory activity against S. aureus. All B. dracunculifolia isolated compounds were active with exception of aromadrendin-4´-O-methyl-ether for T. mentagrophytes. Additionally, isosakuranetin was active against Salmonella choleraesuis (MIC 1·4 µmol l−1). Regarding the sanitizing activity, the hydroalcoholic solution containing 0·2% of B. dracunculifolia extract in 40°GL ethanol was effective in eliminating the microbial contamination on all carrier cylinders and against all microorganisms evaluated in the recommended exposure time of 10 min. Therefore, B. dracunculifolia has potential for the development of sanitizing agents to be used in hospitals, food manufactures and homes.
Differential regulation of flower transpiration during abiotic stress in annual plants
Authors: Sinha Ranjita , Zandalinas Sara I. , Fichman Yosef , Sen Sidharth , Zeng Shuai , Gómez‐Cadenas Aurelio , Joshi Trupti , Fritschi Felix B. , Mittler Ron 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Heat waves occurring during droughts can have a devastating impact on yield, especially if they happen during the flowering and seed set stages of the crop cycle. Global warming and climate change are driving an alarming increase in the frequency and intensity of combined drought and heat stress episodes, critically threatening global food security.

Because high temperature is detrimental to reproductive processes, essential for plant yield, we measured the inner temperature, transpiration, sepal stomatal aperture, hormone concentrations and transcriptomic response of closed soybean flowers developing on plants subjected to a combination of drought and heat stress.

Here, we report that, during a combination of drought and heat stress, soybean plants prioritize transpiration through flowers over transpiration through leaves by opening their flower stomata, while keeping their leaf stomata closed. This acclimation strategy, termed ‘differential transpiration’, lowers flower inner temperature by about 2–3°C, protecting reproductive processes at the expense of vegetative tissues.

Manipulating stomatal regulation, stomatal size and/or stomatal density of flowers could serve as a viable strategy to enhance the yield of different crops and mitigate some of the current and future impacts of global warming and climate change on agriculture.
An Ideal Multidisciplinary Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Care Team
Authors: Frederick Robert , Hogan Amy Claire , Seabolt Natalie , Stocks Rose Mary S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe emphasize the benefits of a multidisciplinary team approach to the systemic management of patients with cleft lip and cleft palate (CL/CP) and their families. An ideal team offers support to families at each stage of their child's development and adapts to address new issues that are encountered throughout growth. We suggest the addition of a registered dietitian to the initial phase of the care team to ensure the child consumes adequate macronutrient intake, and to maximize growth and development. An ideal cleft palate care team focuses on a comprehensive, collaborative, and family‐centered approach to the complex medical and surgical needs of infants with CL/CP as they grow to young adulthood. Although care teams may differ slightly depending on context and location, there are central tenets that make an ideal team. After reviewing CL/CP care team guidelines and recommendations from a variety of different countries, this article reflects what an ideal organization structure and care team composition could be comprised of.
Dangerous body modification: A case report of pulmonary embolism and surgical site bleeding following tongue split procedure
Authors: Lee Jeongmin , Bhujel Nabina , Bennett Karen , Singh Rabindra P. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCosmetic split tongue procedure has become more common among the extreme body modification enthusiasts. Recent media statements addressing the adverse complications of such procedures have generated public interest. A 29‐year‐old patient presented with pre‐syncope symptoms with worsening chest pain 3 days after undergoing a surgical tongue split procedure. Further investigations showed sinus tachycardia with raised troponin levels and imaging confirmed an acute saddle pulmonary embolism (PE) with evidence of a right heart strain and dilatation of the pulmonary artery. She was treated with immediate treatment dose of heparin which resulted in bleeding from the tongue surgical site which was managed by cauterisation and suturing. She was placed on long‐term warfarin treatment. Two months later, she developed further chest pain, which was diagnosed as pleuritis secondary to the PE. We highlight the potential seriousness of the tongue split procedure and describe the dangerous consequences that extreme body modification can pose if the patient is not managed appropriately during the peri‐operative period.
Dorsal root ganglion stimulation device explantation: A multicenter pooled data analysis
Authors: Chapman Kenneth B. , Yang Ajax , Mogilner Alon Y. , Mandelberg Nataniel , Patel Kiran V. , Lubenow Timothy , Deer Timothy , Kallewaard Jan Willem , van Helmond Noud 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionDorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG‐S) is a relatively new neuromodulation modality. Therefore, data on long‐term device explantation rates is limited. This investigation aimed to assess DRG‐S device explantation rates at long‐term follow‐up.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed individuals implanted with DRG‐S in four pain centers from different continuous periods between April 2016 to September 2020. We recorded patient demographics, diagnoses, duration to explantation or last follow‐up, treatment complications, and failure etiologies.ResultsA total of 249 patients with 756 leads and a mean 27‐month follow‐up were included. The mean age was 55 ± 15 years; 148 (63%) were female. Leading diagnoses were CRPS (n = 106, 43%), followed by FBSS (n = 64, 26%), and non‐surgical low back pain (n = 23, 9%). The explantation rate was ~2% per year (n = 10 total). At explantation, the average time from implantation was 13 ± 10 months. Six patients were explanted for inadequate pain relief. Two patients were explanted due to device‐related complications. One patient was explanted secondary to infection and subsequently reimplanted. Five explanted patients experienced a therapy‐related complication before eventual explantation: one transient post‐procedural neuritis and pocket site pain, one lead fracture, two lead migrations, and one experienced a fracture, a migration, and pocket site pain.DiscussionThis large retrospective study of DRG‐S revealed a low therapy‐termination rate. The rate of infection leading to explantation was objectively very low at 0.4%. The leading cause of explantation was inadequate pain relief. Explanted patients often had a therapy‐related complication. Therefore, minimizing adverse treatment events may reduce ultimate explantation rates.
Visible Light and the Skin
Authors: Ezekwe Nneamaka , Maghfour Jalal , Kohli Indermeet 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVisible light (VL, 400–700 nm) was previously regarded as nonsignificant with minimal to no photobiologic effects on the skin. Recent studies have demonstrated that in dark‐skinned individuals (skin phototypes IV–VI), VL can induce more intense and longer lasting pigmentation compared to ultraviolet A1 (UVA1, 340–400 nm). Additionally, long wavelength UVA1 (370–400 nm) has been shown to potentiate these effects of VL. The combination of VL and UVA1 (VL + UVA1, 370–700 nm) was also able to induce erythema in light‐skinned individuals (skin phototypes I–III), which is a novel finding since the erythemogenic spectrum of sunlight has primarily been attributed to ultraviolet B (UVB, 290–320 nm) and short wavelength UVA2 (320–340 nm) only. Although biologic effects of VL + UVA1 have been established, there are no guidelines in any country to test for photoprotection against this waveband. This invited perspective aims to present the evolution of knowledge of photobiologic effects of VL, associated phototesting methodologies, and current position on VL photoprotection.
A Bayesian Multi-Region Radial Composite Reservoir Model for Deconvolution in Well Test Analysis
Authors: Botsas Themistoklis , Cumming Jonathan A. , Jermyn Ian H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn petroleum well test analysis, deconvolution is used to obtain information about reservoir systems, for example the presence of heterogeneities and boundaries. This information is contained in the response function, which can be estimated by solving an inverse problem in the pressure and flow rate measurements. Our Bayesian approach to this problem is based upon a parametric physical model of reservoir behaviour, derived from the solution for fluid flow in a general class of reservoirs. This permits joint parametric Bayesian inference for both the reservoir parameters and the true pressure and rate values, which is essential due to the typical observational error levels. Using sets of flexible priors for the reservoir parameters to restrict the solution space to physical behaviours, samples from the posterior are generated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Summaries and visualisations of the posterior, response, and true pressure and rate values can be produced, interpreted, and model selection can be performed. The method is validated through a synthetic application, and applied to a field data set. The results are comparable to the state of the art solution, but through our method we gain access to system parameters, we can incorporate prior knowledge, and we can quantify parameter uncertainty.