bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palliative and hospice social workers’ moral distress during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Latimer Abigail , Fantus Sophia , Pachner Theresia M. , Benner Kalea , Leff Victoria 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesMoral distress is associated with adverse outcomes contributing to health-care professionals’ worsened mental and physical well-being. Medical social workers have been frontline care providers throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, and those specializing in palliative and hospice care have been particularly affected by the overwhelming numbers of those seriously ill and dying. The main objectives of this study were (1) to assess palliative and hospice social workers’ experiences of moral distress during COVID-19 and (2) to identify and describe participants’ most morally distressing scenarios.MethodsUsing a mixed-methods approach, participants completed an online survey consisting of the Moral Distress Thermometer (MDT) and open-ended text responses.ResultsA total of 120 social work participants responded to the study, and the majority of participants (81.4%) had experienced moral distress with an average MDT score of 6.16. COVID-19 restrictions emerged as the main source of moral distress, and an overlap between the clinical and system levels was observed. Primary sources of moral distress were grounded in strict visitation policies and system-level standards that impacted best practices and personal obligations in navigating both work responsibilities and safety.SignificanceIn the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, palliative and hospice social work participants indicated high levels of moral distress. Qualitative findings from this study promote awareness of the kinds of distressing situations palliative and hospice social workers may experience. This knowledge can have education, practice, and policy implications and supports the need for research to explore this aspect of professional social work.
Long-term psychological profile of general population following COVID-19 outbreak: symptom trajectories and evolution of psychopathological network
Authors: Lu Zheng-An , Shi Le , Que Jian-Yu , Zheng Yong-Bo , Wang Qian-Wen , Liu Wei-Jian , Huang Yue-Tong , Shi Jie , Bao Yan-Ping , Lu Lin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
COVID-19 has long-term impacts on public mental health, while few research studies incorporate multidimensional methods to thoroughly characterise the psychological profile of general population and little detailed guidance exists for mental health management during the pandemic. This research aims to capture long-term psychological profile of general population following COVID-19 by integrating trajectory modelling approaches, latent trajectory pattern identification and network analyses.

Methods
Longitudinal data were collected from a nationwide sample of 18 804 adults in 12 months after COVID-19 outbreak in China. Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 and Insomnia Severity Index were used to measure depression, anxiety and insomnia, respectively. The unconditional and conditional latent growth curve models were fitted to investigate trajectories and long-term predictors for psychological symptoms. We employed latent growth mixture model to identify the major psychological symptom trajectory patterns, and ran sparse Gaussian graphical models with graphical lasso to explore the evolution of psychopathological network.

Results
At 12 months after COVID-19 outbreak, psychological symptoms generally alleviated, and five psychological symptom trajectories with different demographics were identified: normal stable (63.4%), mild stable (15.3%), mild-increase to decrease (11.7%), mild-decrease to increase (4.0%) and moderate/severe stable (5.5%). The finding indicated that there were still about 5% individuals showing consistently severe distress and approximately 16% following fluctuating psychological trajectories, who should be continuously monitored. For individuals with persistently severe trajectories and those with fluctuating trajectories, central or bridge symptoms in the network were mainly ‘motor abnormality’ and ‘sad mood’, respectively. Compared with initial peak and late COVID-19 phase, aftermath of initial peak might be a psychologically vulnerable period with highest network connectivity. The central and bridge symptoms for aftermath of initial peak (‘appetite change’ and ‘trouble of relaxing’) were totally different from those at other pandemic phases (‘sad mood’).

Conclusions
This research identified the overall growing trend, long-term predictors, trajectory classes and evolutionary pattern of psychopathological network of psychological symptoms in 12 months after COVID-19 outbreak. It provides a multidimensional long-term psychological profile of the general population after COVID-19 outbreak, and accentuates the essentiality of continuous psychological monitoring, as well as population- and time-specific psychological management after COVID-19. We believe our findings can offer reference for long-term psychological management after pandemics.
Equilibrated Gas and Carbonate Standard‐Derived Dual (Δ47 and Δ48) Clumped Isotope Values
Authors: Lucarelli Jamie K. , Carroll Hannah M. , Ulrich Robert N. , Elliott Ben M. , Coplen Tyler B. , Eagle Robert A. , Tripati Aradhna 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCarbonate clumped isotope geochemistry has primarily focused on mass spectrometric determination of m/z 47 CO2 for geothermometry, but theoretical calculations and recent experiments indicate paired analysis of the m/z 47 (13C18O16O) and m/z 48 (12C18O18O) isotopologues (referred to as Δ47 and Δ48) can be used to study non‐equilibrium isotope fractionations and refine temperature estimates. We utilize 5,448 Δ47 and 3,400 Δ48 replicate measurements of carbonate samples and standards, and 183 Δ47 and 195 Δ48 replicate measurements of gas standards from 2015 to 2021 from a multi‐year and multi‐instrument data set to constrain Δ47 and Δ48 values for 27 samples and standards, including Devils Hole cave calcite, and study equilibrium Δ47‐Δ48, Δ47‐temperature, and Δ48‐temperature relationships. We compare results to previously published findings and calculate equilibrium regressions based on data from multiple laboratories. We report acid digestion fractionation factors, Δ*63‐47 and Δ*64‐48, and account for their dependence on the initial clumped isotope values of the mineral.
Radiocarbon and Stable Carbon Isotope Constraints on the Propagation of Vent CO2 to Fluid in the Acidic Kueishantao Shallow Water Hydrothermal System
Authors: Wang Shing‐Lin , Lin Yu‐Shih , Burr George S. , Wang Pei‐Ling , Lin Li‐Hung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe report radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope measurements from vent gas (CO2(g)), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and particulate organic carbon (POC), from two vents of the Kueishantao (KST) shallow‐water hydrothermal system, offshore northeast Taiwan. The purpose of this research is to investigate how magmatic‐sourced carbon enters various carbon pools in the hydrothermal system. We utilize a precipitation method to eliminate sulfur compounds from CO2 samples to facilitate Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) analysis, and evaluate radiocarbon background levels during processing to characterize hydrothermal‐sourced CO2 that contains negligible radiocarbon. The result shows that both CO2(g) and DIC in the fluids below two vent orifices fall within a narrow range of fraction of modern carbon (F14C) from 0.013 to 0.136 and δ13C from −8.3‰ to −5.1‰. The F14C values correspond to approximately 90% magmatic‐sourced carbon in CO2(g) and DIC. A combination of equilibrium and kinetic isotopic fractionation can adequately explain relatively high CO2(g) δ13C to DIC, beneath vent orifices. Above the vent orifices, DIC becomes enriched in both 14C and 13C as a result of physical mixing with ambient seawater. POC F14C values confirm a significant magmatic carbon contribution into the POC pool within the KST system, with rapid hydrothermal circulation. Our results identify the physiochemical processes responsible for magmatic carbon migration from CO2(g) into the DIC pool, and demonstrate how a dual carbon isotope approach can serve as an effective tool in understanding carbon flow in high temperature‐low pH hydrothermal systems.
Observed Changes in Daily Precipitation Intensity in the United States
Authors: Harp Ryan D. , Horton Daniel E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe characterization of changes over the full distribution of precipitation intensities remains an overlooked and underexplored subject, despite their critical importance to hazard assessments and water resource management. Here, we aggregate daily in situ Global Historical Climatology Network precipitation observations within 17 internally consistent domains in the United States for two time periods (1951–1980 and 1991–2020). We find statistically significant changes in wet day precipitation distributions in all domains—changes primarily driven by a shift from lower to higher wet day intensities. Patterns of robust change are geographically consistent, with increases in the mean (4.5%–5.7%) and standard deviation (4.4%–8.7%) of wet day intensity in the eastern U.S., but mixed signals in the western U.S. Beyond their critical importance to the aforementioned impact assessments, these observational results can also inform climate model performance evaluations.
New Early Permian Paleomagnetic and Geochronological Data From the Xilinhot–Songliao Block and Their Implications for the Relationship Between the Paleo‐Asian Ocean and the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean
Authors: Ren Qiang , Zhang Shihong , Hou Mingcai , Wu Huaichun , Yang Tianshui , Li Haiyan , Chen Anqing 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe paleogeographic position of the Xilinhot–Songliao Block (XSB) is crucial to understand the spatiotemporal relationship between the Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO) and East Paleo‐Tethys Ocean (EPTO) tectonic domains. However, the lack of robust early Permian paleomagnetic data in the XSB has led to uncertainty in its paleogeographic position. Here, we report a well‐dated (286.1–281.25 Ma) paleomagnetic pole (38.4°N/17.6°E, A95 = 4.0°) from andesites of the Dashizhai Formation in the XSB. We combined our paleomagnetic data with available geological and paleontological data to reconstruct the paleogeographic relationship between the PAO and EPTO. The XSB was located on the northern margin of the EPTO at ∼285 Ma, suggesting that the northern boundary of the EPTO tectonic domain extended to the southern margin of the XSB, the Hegenshan Ocean (between the XSB and the Mongolia Block) corresponds to the eastern PAO, and the XSB separated the eastern PAO and EPTO at ∼285 Ma.
Revisiting Cloud Radiative Heating and the Southern Annular Mode
Authors: Wall Casey J. , Lutsko Nicholas J. , Vishny David N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCloud‐circulation interactions have a potentially large but uncertain influence on regional climate. Here we use satellite observations to investigate relationships between atmospheric cloud radiative heating and hemispheric‐scale shifts in the Southern Hemisphere extratropical jet stream, as represented by the Southern Annular Mode. In contrast to a previous study, we find that poleward jet shifts cause bottom‐heavy heating anomalies. The heating anomalies arise from two distinct mechanisms: First, poleward jet shifts promote anomalous large‐scale subsidence equatorward of the mean jet latitude. This increases the fraction of low clouds that are exposed to space, thereby enhancing lower‐tropospheric radiative cooling. Second, deep and multi‐layer clouds in extratropical cyclones shift poleward with the jet, causing radiative heating anomalies throughout the troposphere. The bottom‐heavy structure of the heating anomalies occurs because low clouds strongly emit radiation. These results establish new observational benchmarks for understanding extratropical cloud‐circulation interactions.
Causes of Missing Snowmelt Following Drought
Authors: Lapides Dana A. , Hahm W. Jesse , Rempe Daniella M. , Whiting John , Dralle David N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWater management in snowy mountainous regions hinges on forecasting snowmelt runoff. However, droughts are altering snowpack‐runoff relationships with ongoing debate about the driving mechanisms. For example, in 2021 in California, less than half of predicted streamflow arrived. Mechanisms proposed for this “missing” streamflow included changes in evapotranspiration (ET), rainfall, and subsurface moisture conditions. Here, we demonstrate thatETin drought years generates dry subsurface conditions that reduce runoff in subsequent years. A model including this legacy of depleted moisture storage reduced median error in 2021 forecasts from 60% to 20% at 15 minimally disturbed basins and from 18% to 2% at 6 water supply basins in the Sierra Nevada (basins range in area from 5 to 23,051 km2and mean annual precipitation from 814 to 1,549 mm). Our findings indicate that the relationship between snowpack and runoff will evolve as plant ecosystems respond to climate change and alter subsurface water storage dynamics.
Mineralogy of a Possible Ancient Lakeshore in the Sutton Island Member of Mt. Sharp, Gale Crater, Mars, From Mastcam Multispectral Images
Authors: Haber James T. , Horgan Briony , Fraeman Abigail A. , Johnson Jeffrey R. , Bell Jim F. , Rice Melissa S. , Seeger Christina , Mangold Nicolas , Thompson Lucy , Wellington Danika , Cloutis Ed , Jacob Samantha 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe Curiosity rover on the Mars Science Laboratory mission has found extensive evidence that Gale crater once hosted a habitable lacustrine environment; however, there are remaining questions about the chemistry and duration of the lake and the nature of the climate at the time. In this study, we use Mastcam multispectral data to investigate the mineralogy of the Sutton Island member of the Murray formation, a part of the basal layers of Mt. Sharp, which consists of heterolithic mudstone and sandstone that are distinct from the finely laminated mudstones that dominate much of the Murray. Sutton Island includes at least one instance of desiccation cracks, indicative of subaerial exposure, and uniquely irregular diagenetic features that may be related to local bedrock permeability. These features suggest that Sutton Island experienced a complex history of deposition and diagenesis which may be crucial for understanding changing water‐rock interactions within Gale. We find that most Mastcam bedrock spectra in this region lack the absorptions associated with hematite found throughout the Murray, and instead show deeper absorptions shifted toward longer wavelengths that are more consistent with Fe‐smectites such as nontronite. Elemental chemistry from ChemCam supports this interpretation, as SiO, MgO, Li, and the chemical index of alteration are elevated in this region. Combined with observations of bedrock sedimentology, this suggests that Sutton Island was deposited in a nearshore or low stand environment, and we hypothesize that the clay minerals were produced in this region due to sub‐aerial exposure and weathering in a semi‐arid climate.
Circ_CEA promotes the interaction between the p53 and cyclin-dependent kinases 1 as a scaffold to inhibit the apoptosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Zhang Xiaojing , Du Kaining , Zhu Xiaohui , Chang Shanshan , Chen Yang , Xu Yidan , Sun Jiachun , Luo Xiaonuan , Deng Shiqi , Qin Ying , Feng Xianling , Wei Yanjie , Fan Xinmin , Liu Ziyang , Zheng Baixin , Ashktorab Hassan , Smoot Duane , Li Song , Xie Xiaoxun , Jin Zhe , Peng Yin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play essential roles in tumorigenesis and progression. This study aimed to identify dysregulated circRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) and investigate the functions and underlying mechanism of these circRNAs in GC development. Here, we identify circ_CEA, a circRNA derived from the back-splicing of CEA cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEA) gene, as a novel oncogenic driver of GC. Circ_CEA is significantly upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines. Circ_CEA knockdown suppresses GC progression, and enhances stress-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_CEA interacts with p53 and cyclin-dependent kinases 1 (CDK1) proteins. It serves as a scaffold to enhance the association between p53 and CDK1. As a result, circ_CEA promotes CDK1-mediated p53 phosphorylation at Ser315, then decreases p53 nuclear retention and suppresses its activity, leading to the downregulation of p53 target genes associated with apoptosis. These findings suggest that circ_CEA protects GC cells from stress-induced apoptosis, via acting as a protein scaffold and interacting with p53 and CDK1 proteins. Combinational therapy of targeting circ_CEA and chemo-drug caused more cell apoptosis, decreased tumor volume and alleviated side effect induced by chemo-drug. Therefore, targeting circ_CEA might present a novel treatment strategy for GC.
SFRP4+ stromal cell subpopulation with IGF1 signaling in human endometrial regeneration
Authors: Wu Bingbing , Li Yu , Nie Nanfang , Shen Xilin , Jiang Wei , Liu Yanshan , Gong Lin , An Chengrui , Zhao Kun , Yao Xudong , Yuan Chunhui , Hu Jinghui , Zhao Wei , Qian Jianhua , Zou XiaoHui 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOur understanding of full-thickness endometrial regeneration after injury is limited by an incomplete molecular characterization of the cell populations responsible for the organ functions. To help fill this knowledge gap, we characterized 10,551 cells of full-thickness normal human uterine from two menstrual phases (proliferative and secretory phase) using unbiased single cell RNA-sequencing. We dissected cell heterogeneity of main cell types (epithelial, stromal, endothelial, and immune cells) of the full thickness uterine tissues, cell population architectures of human uterus cells across the menstrual cycle. We identified an SFRP4+ stromal cell subpopulation that was highly enriched in the regenerative stage of the human endometria during the menstrual cycle, and the SFRP4+ stromal cells could significantly enhance the proliferation of human endometrial epithelial organoid in vitro, and promote the regeneration of endometrial epithelial glands and full-thickness endometrial injury through IGF1 signaling pathway in vivo. Our cell atlas of full-thickness uterine tissues revealed the cellular heterogeneities, cell population architectures, and their cell–cell communications during the monthly regeneration of the human endometria, which provide insight into the biology of human endometrial regeneration and the development of regenerative medicine treatments against endometrial damage and intrauterine adhesion.
Fatty acids homeostasis during fasting predicts protection from chemotherapy toxicity
Authors: Barradas Marta , Plaza Adrián , Colmenarejo Gonzalo , Lázaro Iolanda , Costa-Machado Luis Filipe , Martín-Hernández Roberto , Micó Victor , López-Aceituno José Luis , Herranz Jesús , Pantoja Cristina , Tejero Hector , Diaz-Ruiz Alberto , Al-Shahrour Fatima , Daimiel Lidia , Loria-Kohen Viviana , Ramirez de Molina Ana , Efeyan Alejo , Serrano Manuel , Pozo Oscar J. , Sala-Vila Aleix , Fernandez-Marcos Pablo J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFasting exerts beneficial effects in mice and humans, including protection from chemotherapy toxicity. To explore the involved mechanisms, we collect blood from humans and mice before and after 36 or 24 hours of fasting, respectively, and measure lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes, circulating micro RNAs (miRNAs), and RNA expression at peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Fasting coordinately affects the proportion of polyunsaturated versus saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids at the erythrocyte membrane; and reduces the expression of insulin signaling-related genes in PBMCs. When fasted for 24 hours before and 24 hours after administration of oxaliplatin or doxorubicin, mice show a strong protection from toxicity in several tissues. Erythrocyte membrane lipids and PBMC gene expression define two separate groups of individuals that accurately predict a differential protection from chemotherapy toxicity, with important clinical implications. Our results reveal a mechanism of fasting associated with lipid homeostasis, and provide biomarkers of fasting to predict fasting-mediated protection from chemotherapy toxicity.
Photocatalytic glucose depletion and hydrogen generation for diabetic wound healing
Authors: Chen Shengqiang , Zhu Yanxia , Xu Qingqing , Jiang Qi , Chen Danyang , Chen Ting , Xu Xishen , Jin Zhaokui , He Qianjun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHigh-glucose microenvironment in the diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) causes excessive glycation and induces chronic inflammation, leading to the difficulty of DFU healing. Hydrogen-rich water bath can promote the healing of DFU in clinic by virtue of the anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen molecules, but the long-term daily soaking counts against the formation of a scab and cannot change the high-glucose microenvironment, limiting the outcome of DFU therapy. In this work, photocatalytic therapy of diabetic wound is proposed for sustainable hydrogen generation and local glucose depletion by utilizing glucose in the high-glucose microenvironment as a sacrificial agent. Hydrogen-incorporated titanium oxide nanorods are developed to realize efficient visible light (VIS)-responsive photocatalysis for glucose depletion and hydrogen generation, achieving a high efficacy of diabetic wound healing. Mechanistically, local glucose depletion and hydrogen generation jointly attenuate the apoptosis of skin cells and promote their proliferation and migration by inhibiting the synthesis of advanced glycation end products and the expression of their receptors, respectively. The proposed VIS-photocatalytic strategy provides a solution for facile, safe and efficient treatment of DFU.
Association of human gut microbiota composition and metabolic functions with Ficus hirta Vahl dietary supplementation
Authors: Xiao Ruiming , Luo Guangjuan , Liao Wanci , Chen Shuting , Han Shuangyan , Liang Shuli , Lin Ying 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFicus hirta Vahl (FHV), a traditional herbal ingredient of the tonic diet, receives increasing popularity in southern China. However, it is largely unknown that how a FHV diet (FHVD) affects the human gut microbiome. In this exploratory study, a total of 43 healthy individuals were randomized into the FHVD (n = 25) and Control (n = 18) groups to receive diet intervention for 8 weeks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomic sequencing and metabolic profile of participants were measured to assess the association between FHV diet and gut microbiome. A preservation effect of Faecalibacterium and enrichment of Dialister, Veillonella, Clostridium, and Lachnospiraceae were found during the FHVD. Accordingly, the pathway of amino acid synthesis, citrate cycle, coenzyme synthesis, and partial B vitamin synthesis were found to be more abundant in the FHVD. In addition, serine, glutamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, tryptamine, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were higher after the FHVD. The conjoint analysis of FHV components and in-vitro fermentation confirmed that the improved SCFAs concentration was collectively contributed by the increasing abundance of key enzyme genes and available substrates. In conclusion, the muti-omics analysis showed that the FHVD optimized the structure of the gut microbial community and its metabolic profile, leading to a healthy tendency, with a small cluster of bacteria driving the variation rather than a single taxon.