bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Research Obstacles Related to Conducting Researches in Sulaimani Governorate
Authors: Bayan A. Mahmmod  , Bekhal Q. Mohammed  , Dara A. Salih Kalhory  , Mohammed O. M. Sakina  
Published: February 2022

This research aimed to determine the agricultural researcher’s obstacles related to conducting researches in the Sulaimani governorate. The research population included researchers in agricultural colleges, institutes, and agricultural research centers, which are 282 agricultural researchers, the sample the researchers include (91) researchers representing 31% of the population, taken by a stratified random sampling method, the questionnaire was perpetrated as a tool for data collection, the data was collected, arranged and analyzed by using statistical tools and application of SPSS version22.
The results showed that (85.7%) of the respondents believe that the obstacles are medium tend to high, the most important obstacles fields are: Economic field was rated at the first rank with the relative importance (79.85%), while the social field was occupied the last ranking with a percentage of (61.05%). The researchers recommended reviewing the laws and instructions related to scientific research by the concerned authorities to facilitate the conduct of scientific research, reduce routine and administrative obstacles, provide the requirements of scientific research, especially in terms of economics and other fields, and then encourage researchers through rewards, thanks and appreciation in line with the researcher’s requirements to conduct agricultural research.
The Correlation among Religion and Work in the Philosophy of German Idealism
Authors: Nawzad Jamal Hamafaraj  , Rebaz Ahmed Hama Amin  
Published: February 2022

The philosophy that built by German Idealism is obtained and never neglected religion, this is not about the religious dogmas or the fantasy and legendary nature of religion, but it is about the spirit and the crux of religion. Nevertheless, there is always struggled to deprive it from fantasies and rebuilt by philosophical ideas. These ideal philosophers are asserted to reconstruct the stories and imaginary schemes of religion into philosophical and rational thinking. There is a change in the result of this process which is religion is retreated and the metaphysics is slightly appeared. In other word, this change is directed from revelation to metaphysical views.
In the light of this, the German Idealism is taking two different ways toward religion: the negative direction; which is involved to the critical studies of the basis and construction of religion, and the positive direction; this direction is returned to religion, but this return is happened after reconstruct religion by the critical and rational process. The relation between religion and ethics is one of the subjects that represent this division toward religion. For instance, if we read Kant, Fichte and Schelling, regardless some details and differences between them, and regardless the stages of developing their philosophies, in the general, their philosophy not tried too much to approve the existence of God in the rational way, and they asserted that it is impossible to approve God’s existence in the rational way. That is why in the basic moral is independent and ties to ration not religion.
The ethical values are absolute, they legitimate themselves by themselves, and they are not legitimated by the transcendental power out of them. The bad is bad, and the good is good, that is why morality became the first foundation for religion, and the true religion is the one is compatible with rational morality. Even, morality is not complete by itself, because it needs motivations and goals, these motivations and goals are not existing inside the morality itself, just God can provide these motivations and goals to make morality complete. God can make human be a moral creature, in return, God reaches human to the endless happiness. To gain this endless happiness which is not available in this life, it requires soul immortality. Form this point, the God and soul immortality which is not approved by ration, the morality make them a logical and obligation necessity.
Del Amadís al narco: el concepto de los sujetos endriagos a la luz del Endriago
Authors: Gutiérrez Trápaga Daniel 
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo examina la categoría de “sujetos endriagos” propuesta por Sayak Valencia para estudiar la violencia, específicamente la vinculada al narcotráfico, derivada del capitalismo actual. En particular, se explora la relación entre la categoría acuñada por Valencia y su fuente, el Endriago del Amadís de Rodríguez de Montalvo. El artículo se cuestiona la pertinencia del referente del monstruo amadisiano para explicar la violencia del capitalismo actual, pues no corresponde ni al problema ni a las perspectivas teóricas de Valencia y produce una simplificación en el análisis al desviar la atención a la Edad Media.
Conocer “con” la naturaleza. Reflexiones (pandémicas) para una posible pedagogía más allá de lo humano
Authors: Rosa Carlo 
Published: February 2022

La actual crisis sanitaria nos muestra que la domesticación a gran escala de los hábitats naturales, provocando el empobrecimiento de la biodiversidad del planeta, facilita la propagación de virus, como el SARS-CoV-2. Esto nos obliga a repensar la relación entre naturaleza y cultura a la luz de la crisis ecológica de nuestro tiempo. Poniendo en relación la perspectiva ecológica de Gregory Bateson, la investigación biosemiótica de Eduardo Kohn y el perspectivismo de Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, realizo una interpretación de las ecocosmologías indígenas para esbozar una propuesta preliminar de pedagogía más allá de lo humano, que pueda alimentar el debate sobre la relación entre cultura y naturaleza en el marco de la educación ambiental y sustentable.
Mapa dinâmico com OpenStreetMap e biblioteca Leaflet: Um estudo de caso de mapeamento da COVID-19 no Brasil
Authors: Souto Raquel Dezidério , Cintra Danielle Pereira , Oliveira Luciana Borges de 
Published: February 2022

Apresentamos um estudo de caso de aplicação da base cartográfica colaborativa OpenStreetMap e a biblioteca JavaScript aberta Leaflet, em um mapa dinâmico disponibilizado na Internet (http://covid19.atlasnf.ivides.org), sobre os casos de COVID-19 nas Mesorregiões Norte e Noroeste Fluminense, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil). O mapeamento dinâmico é uma iniciativa do Instituto Virtual para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (IVIDES.org), em parceria com o Atlas Socioeconômico do Norte Fluminense, um projeto de extensão da Universidade Federal Fluminense, com patrocínio da Pró-Reitoria de Extensão (PROEXT-UFF). Os dados, armazenados em arquivo shapefile (.shp), são extraídos e exibidos no momento da interação com o mapa. A interação é proporcionada por funções JavaScript da biblioteca Leaflet. Três planos de informações são disponibilizados - infraestrutura de saúde, casos positivos ativos de COVID-19 e casos confirmados de COVID-19. O artigo inclui as principais funções utilizadas e aponta as vantagens e desvantagens da aplicação dessas tecnologias no caso em questão. As vantagens da utilização de mapas dessa natureza são muitas, tais como: acesso aos dados a partir de qualquer lugar com Internet disponível e independentemente do tipo de dispositivo ou sistema operacional, acesso a metadados associados a marcadores geolocalizados no mapa, alternância imediata entre camadas de informações, número quase ilimitado de camadas. Por outro lado, pode haver limitações no que tange ao uso de tais mapas dinâmicos online por pessoas com pouca familiaridade com novas tecnologias de informação. Além disso, o uso desse tipo de mapa requer a disponibilidade de um equipamento para comunicação via Internet Espera-se, com a publicação do artigo, contribuir para o uso de softwares livres nas aplicações cartográficas.
Wei2GO: weighted sequence similarity-based protein function prediction
Authors: Reijnders Maarten J.M.F. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Protein function prediction is an important part of bioinformatics and genomics studies. There are many different predictors available, however most of these are in the form of web-servers instead of open-source locally installable versions. Such local versions are necessary to perform large scale genomics studies due to the presence of limitations imposed by web servers such as queues, prediction speed, and updatability of databases.

Methods
This paper describes Wei2GO: a weighted sequence similarity and python-based open-source protein function prediction software. It uses DIAMOND and HMMScan sequence alignment searches against the UniProtKB and Pfam databases respectively, transfers Gene Ontology terms from the reference protein to the query protein, and uses a weighing algorithm to calculate a score for the Gene Ontology annotations.

Results
Wei2GO is compared against the Argot2 and Argot2.5 web servers, which use a similar concept, and DeepGOPlus which acts as a reference. Wei2GO shows an increase in performance according to precision and recall curves, Fmax scores, and Smin scores for biological process and molecular function ontologies. Computational time compared to Argot2 and Argot2.5 is decreased from several hours to several minutes.

Availability
Wei2GO is written in Python 3, and can be found at https://gitlab.com/mreijnders/Wei2GO.
Onasemnogene abeparvovec in spinal muscular atrophy: an Australian experience of safety and efficacy
Authors: D'Silva Arlene M. , Holland Sandra , Kariyawasam Didu , Herbert Karen , Barclay Peter , Cairns Anita , MacLennan Suzanna C. , Ryan Monique M. , Sampaio Hugo , Smith Nicholas , Woodcock Ian R. , Yiu Eppie M. , Alexander Ian E. , Farrar Michelle A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a greater understanding of the tolerability, safety and clinical outcomes of onasemnogene abeparvovec in real‐world practice, in a broad population of infants with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).MethodsA prospective cohort study of children with SMA treated with onasemnogene abeparvovec at Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Australia was conducted from August 2019 to November 2021. Safety outcomes included clinical and laboratory evaluations. Efficacy assessments included World Health Organisation (WHO) motor milestones, oral and swallowing abilities, and requirements for respiratory support. The implementation of a model of care for onasemnogene abeparvovec administration in health practice is described.Results21 children were treated (age range, 0.65–24 months; body weight range, 2.5–12.5 kg) and 19/21 (90.4%) had previous nusinersen. Transient treatment‐related side effects occurred in all children; vomiting (100%), transaminitis (57%) and thrombocytopaenia (33%). Incidence of moderate/severe transaminitis was significantly greater in infants weighing ≥8 kg compared with <8 kg (p < 0.05). Duration of prednisolone following treatment was prolonged (mean 87.5 days, range 57–274 days). 16/21 (76%) children gained at least one WHO motor milestone. Stabilisation or improvement in bulbar or respiratory function was observed in 20/21 (95.2%) patients. Implementation challenges were mitigated by developing standard operating procedures and facilitating exchange of knowledge.InterpretationThis study provides real‐world evidence to inform treatment decisions and guide therapeutic expectations for onasemnogene abeparvovec and combination therapy for SMA in health practice, especially for children weighing ≥8 kg receiving higher vector loads. Proactive clinical and laboratory surveillance is essential to facilitate individualised management of risks.
TRPV4 mutations causing mixed neuropathy and skeletal phenotypes result in severe gain of function
Authors: Taga Arens , Peyton Margo A. , Goretzki Benedikt , Gallagher Thomas Q. , Ritter Ann , Harper Amy , Crawford Thomas O. , Hellmich Ute A. , Sumner Charlotte J. , McCray Brett A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveDistinct dominant mutations in the calcium‐permeable ion channel TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) typically cause nonoverlapping diseases of either the neuromuscular or skeletal systems. However, accumulating evidence suggests that some patients develop mixed phenotypes that include elements of both neuromuscular and skeletal disease. We sought to define the genetic and clinical features of these patients.MethodsWe report a 2‐year‐old with a novel R616G mutation in TRPV4 with a severe neuropathy phenotype and bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Interestingly, a different substitution at the same residue, R616Q, has been reported in families with isolated skeletal dysplasia. To gain insight into clinical features and potential genetic determinants of mixed phenotypes, we perform in‐depth analysis of previously reported patients along with functional and structural assessment of selected mutations.ResultsWe describe a wide range of neuromuscular and skeletal manifestations and highlight specific mutations that are more frequently associated with overlap syndromes. We find that mutations causing severe, mixed phenotypes have an earlier age of onset and result in more marked elevations of intracellular calcium, increased cytotoxicity, and reduced sensitivity to TRPV4 antagonism. Structural analysis of the two mutations with the most dramatic gain of ion channel function suggests that these mutants likely cause constitutive channel opening through disruption of the TRPV4 S5 transmembrane domain.InterpretationThese findings demonstrate that the degree of baseline calcium elevation correlates with development of mixed phenotypes and sensitivity to pharmacologic channel inhibition, observations that will be critical for the design of future clinical trials for TRPV4 channelopathies.
Sodium Metal Anodes with Self‐Correction Function Based on Fluorine‐Superdoped CNTs/Cellulose Nanofibrils Composite Paper
Authors: Xiao Jian , Xiao Nan , Li Kai , Zhang Lipeng , Ma Xiaoqing , Li Yong , Leng Changyu , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDespite much efforts to stabilize sodium metal anodes for promoting their commercial applications, achieving a safe cycling process without intrinsic dendrite growth remains difficult owing to the unstable reaction interface and irregular sodium metal propagation. Herein, fluorine‐superdoped carbon nanotubes with a fluorine content of 14.38 at% are achieved using a new oxidation‐assisted plasma strategy, and then alternately assembled with cellulose nanofibrils to form periodical conductive/dielectric composite paper with outstanding mechanical properties. The superdoping of fluorine facilitates the construction of a NaF‐dominated solid electrolyte interphase layer, while the periodical conductive/dielectric network re‐homogenizes electric field distribution around irregular sodium protrusions, realizing a “bottom‐up” sodium orientation deposition and the “self‐correction” functionality during sodium plating/stripping process. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the specific oxygen species (CO/CO) and fluorine species (semi‐ionic CF/covalent CF2) on the surface of carbon matrix, could remarkably trap active fluorine fragments and generate NaF with sodium metal, respectively, which promotes the superdoping of fluorine and forms dendrite‐free sodium anodes. This delicate structure renders the sodium anodes a low nucleation overpotential of ≈7 mV, high Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% over 300 cycles at 3 mA cm−2, stable operation for up to 2100 h under ≈16 mV, and excellent full battery performance.
Bistable and Multistable Actuators for Soft Robots: Structures, Materials, and Functionalities
Authors: Chi Yinding , Li Yanbin , Zhao Yao , Hong Yaoye , Tang Yichao , Yin Jie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSnap‐through bistability is often observed in nature (e.g., fast snapping to closure of Venus flytrap) and the life (e.g., bottle caps and hair clippers). Recently, harnessing bistability and multistability in different structures and soft materials has attracted growing interest for high‐performance soft actuators and soft robots. They have demonstrated broad and unique applications in high‐speed locomotion on land and under water, adaptive sensing and fast grasping, shape reconfiguration, electronics‐free controls with a single input, and logic computation. Here, an overview of integrating bistable and multistable structures with soft actuating materials for diverse soft actuators and soft/flexible robots is given. The mechanics‐guided structural design principles for five categories of basic bistable elements from 1D to 3D (i.e., constrained beams, curved plates, dome shells, compliant mechanisms of linkages with flexible hinges and deformable origami, and balloon structures) are first presented, alongside brief discussions of typical soft actuating materials (i.e., fluidic elastomers and stimuli‐responsive materials such as electro‐, photo‐, thermo‐, magnetic‐, and hydro‐responsive polymers). Following that, integrating these soft materials with each category of bistable elements for soft bistable and multistable actuators and their diverse robotic applications are discussed. To conclude, perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in this emerging field are considered.
Flexible Interconnected Cu‐Ni Nanoalloys Decorated Carbon Nanotube‐Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Piezoelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Badatya Simadri , Kumar Anil , Srivastava Avanish Kumar , Gupta Manoj Kumar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein, high‐performance flexible and stable Cu‐Ni nanoalloy decorated carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based piezoelectric nanogenerator is presented for the first time with very high current and power density. The formation of crystalline β‐phase is confirmed using FT‐IR and Raman spectra analysis. HR‐TEM study reveals the formation of Cu‐Ni nanoalloys with well‐defined interconnected structure with CNT. The Cu‐Ni nanoalloy decorated CNT‐PVDF nanogenerator device exhibits a high output voltage of 12 V and high current density of 0.3 µA cm−2 compared to pristine PVDF nanogenerator (4 V and 10 nA cm−2). Very high power density of 204 µW cm−3 is obtained from the nanocomposite nanogenerator. Piezoelectric force microscopy study reveals very high piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) of about 160 pm V−1 from Cu‐Ni decorated CNT‐PVDF. Very stable output performance with almost no degradation till 1500 cycles is observed from the Cu‐Ni nanoalloy CNT‐PVDF nanogenerator. Such high stability is due to its dramatic improved high tensile strength of 60 MPa. Very high dielectric constant of 500 is observed from Cu‐Ni decorated CNT‐PVDF as compared to pristine PVDF (ε’ ≈ 20). The dramatic increase in output performance even under without electrical poling is discussed in light of self‐dipole alignment, in‐situ poling, high d33, interfacial polarization, and enhanced dielectric properties.
Hybrid Nanogenerator for Biomechanical Energy Harvesting, Motion State Detection, and Pulse Sensing
Authors: Du Minxing , Cao Yu , Qu Xuecheng , Xue Jiangtao , Zhang Weiyi , Pu Xiong , Shi Bojing , Li Zhou 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHarvesting biomechanical energy to power wearable electronic devices shows great potential in the field of the Internet of Things. An insole hybrid nanogenerator (IHN) has been designed based on a combination of multilayered triboelectric nanogenerator and arched piezoelectric nanogenerator. The IHN not only can convert the mechanical energy of the footsteps into electricity, but also distinguishes three kinds of motion states: walking, stepping, and jumping. A maximum open‐circuit voltage of 150 V and a short‐circuit current of 4.5 µA are achieved from human body motions. After walking for 8 min, the IHN can charge a 100 μF capacitor to 2.5 V. Then, a self‐powered dorsalis pedis artery monitoring system is designed, which can detect the pulse signals of the dorsalis pedis artery in real‐time. The integrated design of energy collection, storage, and utilization has important application potential in future self‐powered monitoring of patients and intelligent analysis of blood supply to the lower limbs in a professional athlete.
Thread‐Based Wristwatch Sensing Device for Noninvasive and Simultaneous Detection of Glucose and Lactate
Authors: Promphet Nadtinan , Thanawattano Chusak , Buekban Chatchai , Laochai Thidarut , Rattanawaleedirojn Pranee , Siralertmukul Krisana , Potiyaraj Pranut , Hinestroza Juan P. , Rodthongkum Nadnudda 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn electrochemical sensing device based on a cotton‐thread electrode for real‐time and simultaneous detection of sweat glucose and sweat lactate is reported. The cotton thread surfaces are simply modified by cellulose nanofibers/carbon nanotube ink‐Prussian blue/chitosan to enhance liquid adsorption, bioreceptor immobilization, and sensor performance in addition to minimize potential irritation and allergies on the wearer's skin. The modified thread surfaces are characterized by laser scanning confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy. Amperometry is carried out via hydrogen peroxide detection for electrochemical characterization of the modified thread electrodes. A circuit and digital readout of this wearable sensor are customized designed to be integrated with thread electrodes for real‐time and simultaneous detection of sweat glucose and sweat lactate. The wristwatch sensing device provides a linear range of 0.025–3 × 10−3 m with a detection limit of 0.025 × 10−3 m for glucose and a linear range of 0.25–35 × 10−3 m with a detection limit of 0.25 × 10−3 m for lactate. This device can effectively determine the cut‐off levels of both glucose and lactate, which can distinguish between a normal individual and one with a diabetic condition. This platform opens a new avenue for noninvasive and real‐time detection of other sweat biomarkers.
Comparison of eddy covariance and automatic chamber‐based methods for measuring carbon flux
Authors: Shi Rui , Su Peixi , Zhou Zijuan , Yang Jianping , Ding Xinjing 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn automatic chamber (AC) is an alternative method to the eddy covariance (EC) technique for estimating of CO2 fluxes. However, few direct comparisons between two techniques have been performed on nature alpine meadows. In order to determine diurnal pattern of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 in summer on alpine meadows, and test the NEE measurement performance of AC under site conditions, we conducted simultaneous measurements of NEE using both EC and AC methods. The NEEAC can be estimated with the information from the initial slope of the time series of CO2 mixing ratio. We found that the application of linear regression, when photosynthesis processes were considered, could lead to serious deviations, even if closure times were short. The linear regression, however, was adequate for estimating CO2 fluxes when photosynthesis processes were not involved in, at least for short chamber closing times. Using appropriate fitting method, the fluxes of AC were relatively close to that of EC, but presented a daytime underestimation and nighttime overestimation. With the subsequent friction velocity (u*) filtering (<m s–1), the nighttime overestimation was eliminated, and the fluxes of AC showed a similar diurnal pattern of NEE with that of EC, but an overall underestimation all day long. Here, we may provide a side evidence of the overestimation of chamber fluxes at low atmospheric turbulence. Finally, we assume that the overall underestimation of AC is caused by the absence of detection of effective volume of chamber.