bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in childhood: A case report
Authors: Kabedi M. J. , Mbaya P. , Lelo B. , Tshibangu M. , Taba K. , Nkuku L. , Mintsey M. , Kibonza S. , Kayembe J. M. , Bisuta S. , Lunguya O. , Muyembe J. J. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
Multi-resistant tuberculosis is a major problem of public health concern and an endless cycle that ravages the population, particularly children because of the difficulty of controlling the disease. Thus, early detection of cases helps ensure adequate treatment and prevent the spread of the strain in the community.
Methods
We present here the case of a child with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis monitored at the Medical Center of Medical Center of the company RVA.
Results
It is a case of 4-year-old patient with general signs and had an aunt who died of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. On admission, the child was in good general condition, weighing 14 kg and 90 Cm height. The clinical examination noted crackling rales at the level of two pulmonary bases and the chest x-ray showed multiple confluent nodular opacities in places with excavations. Laboratory workup showed 8.5 mg% microcytic hypochromic anemia and inflammatory syndrome. Sputum was tested for Koch's Bacillus on direct examination and both smears were positive. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain was isolated on Lowenstein Jenssen's medium. The Gen-Xpert MTB / RIF detected resistance to rifampicin and the Hain test performed showed resistance to rifampicin and Isoniazid. The child was put on ethambutol, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, ethionamide, cycloserine, pyrazinamide and Vitamin B6 with good tolerability. The course was marked by weight gain (2 kg) and BK negativation in the second month of treatment.
Conclusion
Early detection of tuberculosis, especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a crucial element in ensuring adequate treatment of cases and preventing the spread of germs in the population.
‘’An update on Brain organoids Generation and the Advancements made in the Context of a Human Model of Neurological Disorders-A systematic review’’
Authors: Kaur Kulvinder Kochar , Allahbadia Gautam , Singh Mandeep 
Published: December 2021

Neurological conditions , represent a group of disorders that are responsible for the commonest etiologies of death all over the world which account practically for total cases of initiation of dementia in the aged ,besides their capacity ofhavinga negative impact on the motor capacity,mental and cognitive abilities andhaving a sense of total well being, besides happiness.At present maximum Neurological disorders(ND) remain without any appropriate treatment. In view of the absence of any effectivetherapeutic method.The cause for this is the existence of lack of insight with regards to the disorders,mainly due to thepresence of research models which do not possessthe capacity of translation into the human in vivo system.Thus here we conducted a systematic review utilizing search engine pubmed,google scholar ;web of science &others utilizing the MeSH terms like ND; NDG ;NDD; Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s diseases; ASD ;TTH; viral infections; Induced pluripotent Stem Cells(iPSCs); Crisper/Cas genetic editing methods; 2D mono cell layer models ;3D organoid models; embryonic Stem Cells(ESCs);vascularization;neuroectodermal constituents;gas exchange;microglia role;mesodermal parts;cellular diversity; cellular interconnectivity;assembloids;cerebral organoids;evolutionary study;consciousness study; role in traumatic brain injury from 1980 till 2021 till date.We found a total of 1500 articles out of which we selected 102 articles for this review.No meta-analysis was done. The existent models for investigation of ND, Neurodevelopment(NDD) and drug crosstalk in the central nervous system(CNS), are inclusive of in vitro mono cell layer culture and in vivo animal models.There are limitations of these models with regards to translation of the research in the context of pathology of thedisorder, generation and treatment to humans. Brain organoids represent three dimensional(3D) cultures of Stem Cell obtained neural cells which simulate the generation of the in vivo humans brain,possessing high precision.Already the investigators have started the construction of these mini brains with the idea of modeling a wide variety of ND that are inclusive of the complicatedNDD, NDG.Here we have tried to detail the generation and theadvancements in this field.
One-Time Cortical Lamina: A New Technique for Horizontal Ridge Augmentation. A Case Series
Authors: Foti Vincenzo , Savio Davide , Rossi Roberto 
Published: December 2021

The aim of this case series is to introduce the One-Time Cortical Lamina Technique, a simplification of the F.I.R.S.T. (Fibrinogen-Induced Regeneration Sealing Technique) in cases where only horizontal augmentation is needed. The indications for this technique are ASA2 and ASA1 anxious patients. Pre-requisites for this surgical technique are: a good amount of keratinized tissue, sufficient alveolar ridge width for placement of implants, thickness of vestibular bone at CBCT planning less than 1 mm with risk of threads exposure. Five patients with horizontal deficiencies were selected to test the efficacy of this approach. The defects were augmented using a porcine cortical bone lamina in combination with collagenated porcine bone mixed with fibrin sealant. The cortical lamina was placed only buccal to the implants and stabilized with fibrin sealant, without pins or screws. Upon completion of the implant surgery, healing abutments were connected to the implants and the soft tissue sutured around them. The healing was uneventful in all cases. Six months after surgery impressions for final restorations were taken and screwed crowns delivered. The new volume had hard consistency and the follow-up CBCT measured an average of 4.17 mm of horizontal bone augmentation. One to three years of follow up demonstrated the maintenance of vestibular volume, hard consistency and clinical stability. Intraoral X-rays showed no marginal bone loss. An advantage of this technique could be the one stage surgery that creates a stable environment for regeneration from day one.
Three-dimensional printed flow phantom model of the carotid artery in preterm infants for training and research
Authors: Pereira Sujith , Reeves Jonathan , Birch Malcolm , Ali Ahmed , Sinha Ajay , Kempley Stephen 
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to perform flow volume measurements with Doppler ultrasound using novel 3D printed flow phantom models of carotid artery in preterm infants with varying characteristics.
Clinical data from cerebral blood flow measurements using Doppler ultrasound of the right common carotid artery from premature newborn infants were used to produce a 3D printed Doppler flow phantom model with three different vessel diameters; 0.158 cm, 0.196 cm and 0.244 cm. Leading edge to centre was used to measure vessel diameter. Two observers performed flow volume measurements using continuous and pulsatile flow. Agreement between observers was examined using Bland-Altman plots.
24 measurements were performed. 18 (75%) measurements were performed using continuous flow. Pulsatile flow measurements were performed on lumen diameter of 0.244 cm only using physiological rates. Bland-Altman analysis for continuous flow measurements for observer 1 and 2 were -0.007 (95%LOA -4.3 to 4.3) ml/min and 3.2 (95%LOA -2.7 to 9.1) ml/min. Bias for pulsatile flow measurements for observer 1 and 2 were 1.5 (95%LOA -0.8 to 3.8) ml/min and 4.6 (0.7 to 8.5) ml/min respectively. Inter and intra-observer reliability was excellent for majority of measurements. The mean coefficient of variation for inter observer diameter measurements was 1.2% and intra observer measurements were between 1.5% to 3.9% for both observers.
Flow volume measurements performed using 3D printed materials resulted in realistic echogenicities mimicking biological tissues. Validity and reliability studies, within and between, observers showed acceptable results. Researchers and clinicians can use this model for further training and simulation.
Identification of synthetic cannabinoid methyl 2-{[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl] formamido}-3-methylbutanoate using modern mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques
Authors: Lukic Vera , Micic Ruzica , Arsic Biljana , Mitic Milan , Jovanovic Milos , Pavlovic Aleksandra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The samples of plant material suspected to contain new psychoactive substances are very often the subject of chemical-toxicological analyses. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS), liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-MS, and liquid chromatography-tandem MS were applied with the aim to identify synthetic cannabinoid, methyl 2-{[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl] formamido}-3-methylbutanoate (MMB-CHMICA) without the analytical standard, which is very often the case when a new drug arrives. The structure of compound was also confirmed by one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and conformational analysis. After identification, methanolic extract of plant material containing MMB-CHMICA was successfully used for developing a multiple reaction monitoring method on liquid chromatography-tandem MS instrument. The optimization procedure is shown in detail. The complete fragmentation pattern and also the optimization of the extraction procedure of MMB-CHMICA from plant material were shown. The obtained data are useful for forensic, toxicological, and clinical purposes.
A dual parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator linearization scheme based on 90° phase shifters
Authors: Singh Sarika , Arya Sandeep K. , Singla Shelly , Berwal Pulkit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a dual-drive dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder Modulator based linearization scheme is implemented by utilizing only two phase shifters and comprehensively demonstrated for a photonic transmission link. Third order intermodulation distortion is suppressed by adjusting angles of electrical phase shifters i.e. π/2 and−π/2 and a non-linear distortion immune system can be proposed for microwave photonic link. A complete suppression in intermodulation terms and 20.8 dB enhancements are found in spurious free dynamic range (SFDR). SFDR reaches 135.6 dB Hz4/5 by suppressing major spurious contributors of third order intermodulation distortions in optical domain only which ensures the improvement in performance of link against non-linear terms.
Antimicrobial preservation efficacy of liquid glucose and liquid maltitol syrups with and without 0.1% sorbic acid
Authors: Carpentier Thomas , Maillard Eve , Royer Mathilde , Mustapha Lina , Marçon Frédéric 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Amongst paediatric pharmaceutical forms, syrups offer advantages such as ease of administration and good palatability. They also exhibited microbial self-preservation properties that may be useful to enhance shelf life of liquid formulation. The objective of our works is to test the self-preservation efficacy of maltitol and glucose syrup without or with sorbic acid as described in the European pharmacopoeia.

Methods
The European Pharmacopoeia test of antimicrobial preservation efficacy was performed on liquid glucose syrup and liquid maltitol syrup with and without 0.1% sorbic acid.

Results
Unpreserved glucose and maltitol syrups did not meet the European Pharmacopoeia acceptance criteria for antimicrobial preservative efficacy due to the regrowth of Aspergillus brasiliensis on day 28 whereas glucose and maltitol syrups with 0.1% sorbic acid pass the test.

Conclusions
The addition of a preservative (sorbic acid) in glucose and maltitol syrups allows the validation of the antimicrobial preservative efficacy test of the European Pharmacopoeia. Further tests are needed to see if preservative efficacy is maintained despite dilutions or in the presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Dissipative electrostatic wave modulation in warm multi-ion dusty plasmas with superthermal electrons
Authors: Bhowmick Shubhra , Ghosh Nabakumar , Sahu Biswajit 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA theoretical investigation has been carried out to explore the modulational instability (MI) of electrostatic waves in a warm multi-ion dusty plasma system containing positive ions, negative ions and positively or negatively charged dust in presence of superthermal electrons. With the help of the standard perturbation technique, it is found that the dynamics of the modulated wave is governed by a damped nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). Regions of MI of the electrostatic wave are precisely determined and the analytical solutions predict the formation of dissipative bright and dark solitons as well as dissipative first- and second-order rogue wave solutions. It is found that the striking features (viz., instability criteria, amplitude and width of rogue waves, etc.) are significantly modified by the effects of relevant plasma parameters such as degree of the electron superthermality, dust density, etc. The time dependent numerical simulations of the damped NLSE reveal that modulated electrostatic waves exhibit breather like structures. Moreover, phase plane analysis has been performed to study the dynamical behaviors of NLSE by using the theory of dynamical system. It is remarked that outcome of present study may provide physical insight into understanding the generation of several types of nonlinear structures in dusty plasma environments, where superthermal electrons, positive and negative ions are accountable (e.g. Saturn’s magnetosphere, auroral zone, etc.).
Braindance Activities Based on Minang Dance Basic Movements in Children Ages 5-6 Years Old
Authors: Yetti Elindra , Syarah Erie Siti 
Published: December 2021

Braindance activities based on Minang dance basic movements are moving activities carried out by children aged 5-6 years at an early childhood education institution in Bukittinggi City since 2019 when the trial results of the development of braindance based on the Minang dance basic movements were implemented at the Early Childhood Institutions. This study aims to (1) examine the uniqueness of the braindance movement based on the Minang dance basic movements, (2) examine the growth and development of children that appear after participating in the braindance activities, (3) examine the situation and condition of the child in the Minang braindance activities. This study used qualitative methods with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out with the stages of condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusion. Data validation was carried out using triangulation of techniques, sources, and time. The study was conducted on fifteen students aged 5-6 years at an early childhood education institution in Bukittinggi. The results showed that: (1) Braindance based on Minang dance basic movements is an activity that combines gymnastic movements with the basic movements of Minang dance, as well as Minang music accompaniment; (2) Children’s motor skills become better, children can coordinate movement, brain, and feelings, and children’s creativity becomes more developed; (3) Minang braindance activities are fun for children.
Farklı solüsyonların ve polisajın geçici kuron materyallerinin renk değişimi üzerine etkisi
Authors: DUMAN Ayşe Nurcan , ÇEVİK Pınar , ORAL İhsan , YILDIRIM BİCER Arzu , AYDIN Prof. Dr. Cemal 
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu in vitro çalışmanın amacı, polisaj ve farklı içeceklerde bekletme prosedürlerinin farklı tip ve markadaki geçici kuron materyallerinin renk stabiliteleri üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Her bir otopolimerizan geçici kron materyalinden (Dentalon Plus, Temdent, Tempac) disk şeklinde (10x2 mm) 48 adet örnek hazırlandı. Örnekler polisaj işlemi uygulanan ve uygulanmayan örnekler olarak 2 ana gruba ayrıldı. Kolorimetre cihazı (Minolta CR-300; Minolta Co, Osaka, Japan) ile örneklerin ilk renk ölçümlerinin yapılmasının ardından örnekler üç farklı içeceğe (çay, kahve ve şeftali suyu) daldırıldı (n=8). Dört hafta sonra, örneklerin 2. renk ölçümleri yapıldı ve iki ölçüm arasındaki renk farklılığı hesaplandı. Oluşan renk değişimlerini değerlendirmede istatistiksel olarak Üç Yönlü Varyans Analizi kullanıldı. Gruplar arasındaki istatistiksel anlamlı farklar Tukey’s Çoklu Karşılaştırma Testi, grup içi ikili karşılaştırmalar ise bağımlı gruplar t-testi ile incelendi (p&lt;.05).
Bulgular: En düşük renk değişimi polisaj uygulanmayan metakrilat esaslı Tempac-çay grubunda, en yüksek renk değişimi polisaj uygulanmayan metakrilat esaslı Temdent-çay grubunda gözlendi. Polisaj uygulanan örneklerde en düşük renk değişimi ise etilen metakrilat esaslı Dentalon plus grubunda gözlendi.
Sonuç: Tüm materyal gruplarında renk değişimi gözlendi.	Polisaj işlemi etilen metakrilat esaslı Dentalon Plus ve metakrilat esaslı Temdent grubunda materyalin renk stabilitesine olumlu katkı sağladı. Çay solüsyonu, materyaller üzerinde kahve ve şeftali suyundan daha fazla renk değişimi gösterdi.
İMPLANT DESTEKLİ PROTEZLERDE KONVANSİYONEL VE DİJİTAL ÖLÇÜ: SİSTEMATİK DERLEME
Authors: KARACA Simel , INAN Ozgur 
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Alçı modellere implant pozisyonlarını aktarabilmek için kullanılan direkt (açık kaşık) ve indirekt teknik (kapalı kaşık) olmak üzere 2 temel konvansiyonel ölçü tekniği vardır. Ağız içi tarayıcıların gelişmesiyle dijital ölçüler konvansiyonel implant ölçülerine alternatif olarak önerilmiştir. Bu derlemenin amacı, implant ölçülerinde konvansiyonel ve dijital yöntemlerin doğruluğunu değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: PubMed ve Google Akademik kullanılarak elektronik ortamda literatür taraması yapılarak 2015 yılı ve sonrasında yapılan çalışmalar dikkate alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Dahil etme ve hariç tutma kriterleri uygulanarak 12 makale çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. 10 makale in vitro ve 2 makale klinik çalışmadır. Üç in vitro çalışma ve bir klinik çalışma konvansiyonel implant ölçüsü ile dijital tekniğin doğruluğunu karşılaştırmıştır. Parsiyel dişsiz hastalar için 4 çalışmadan ikisi açık kaşık tekniğinin dijital ölçülerden daha doğru olduğunu, bir çalışma kapalı kaşık tekniğinin dijital ölçülerden daha doğru olduğunu ve bir çalışma ise konvansiyonel tekniğin dijital ölçü ile benzer sonuçlar verdiğini bildirmiştir. Tam dişsiz hastalar için 8 çalışmadan biri açık kaşık ölçü tekniğinin dijital ölçüyle benzer doğruluk gösterdiğini, iki çalışma splintli açık kaşık ölçü tekniğinin dijital ölçüden daha doğru olduğunu, üç çalışma dijital ölçünün daha doğru olduğunu ve bir çalışma ise splintli açık kaşık ölçü tekniğinin dijital ölçü ile benzer doğrulukta olduğunu bildirmiştir.
Sonuç: İncelenen toplam 12 makaleden beşi implant ölçülerinde dijital tekniğin daha az doğru olduğunu belirtmiştir ve yedisi ise dijital ölçü kullanımını teşvik etmektedir.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF “MOUTH CANCER AWARENESS MONTH” EVENTS ON SOCIETY WITH GOOGLE TRENDS
Authors: DEMİREL Oğuzhan , AKBULUT Aslıhan 
Published: December 2021

Background: To create awareness about oral cancers, various events are being organized such as “oral cancer awareness month”. Google Trends is an application which is used to determine the relative frequency of a search term and is used for different purposes in the field of medicine, recently. The aim of this study is to determine the research popularity of terms about oral cancers using Google Trends and to investigate the relationship between various awareness events.
Material and Methods: Search Volume Indexes for terms “oral cancer” and “mouth cancer” for the USA, United Kingdom, and worldwide were obtained from Google Trends. Also, for Turkey “ağız kanseri”, “dil kanseri”, “dudak kanseri” and “damak kanseri” terms were used. Average search volume indexes of all terms for April, September and November,which are declared as oral cancer awareness months by different societies, were calculated.
Results: For terms, “mouth cancer” and “oral cancer”, November averages in the United Kingdom and April averages in the USA were higher compared to all months (p
YÜZÜN SAGİTTAL YÖN SINIFLAMASINDA KULLANILAN AÇILARIN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI: SEFALOMETRİK ÇALIŞMA
Authors: USLU AKÇAM Özge 
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı yüzün sagittal yön sınıflamasında kullanılan sefalometrik ölçümlerin farklı malokluzyon tiplerinde tanısal güvenilirliklerini ve geçerliliklerini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışmada 65 kız (yaş ortalaması 15,3±1,22) ve 65 erkek (yaş ortalaması 15,4±1,92) toplam 130 hastanın ortodontik diagnostik kayıtları ve başlangıç sefalometrik radyografları çalışma materyali olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma materyali ANB açısına göre Sınıf 1 (ANB 0-4 ̊arası), Sınıf 2 (ANB>4 ̊) ve Sınıf 3 (ANB ≤0 ̊) olmak üzere üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Sefalometrik radyografilerde ANB, Witts, Beta açısı, W açısı ve Yen açısı ölçümleri yapılmıştır.
Cinsiyetlere göre ölçümlerin karşılaştırılmasında Student t-Testi; ölçümlerin sınıflara göre karşılaştırılmasında Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi Tekniği kullanılmıştır. Yüzün sagittal yön sınıflamasında kullanılan açılar arasındaki ilişkilerin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla Pearson’un korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan ölçümlerin güvenilirliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla da tekrarlanabilirlik katsayıları hesaplanmıştır.
Bulgular: 5 ölçüm bakımından cinsiyet ortalamaları arasındaki farklar istatistik olarak önemli değildir. Yapılan tüm analizler, her üç iskeletsel grup için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark göstermiştir (p
Lithuanian Literature in Search of Historical Truth: Three Decades of Independence
Authors: Peluritytė-Tikuišienė Audinga 
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on the beginning of the Singing Revolution in Lithuanian culture and tries to identify the most significant dominant features in order to understand the entirety of the new changes in literature. In the face of political upheaval, such a dominant feature was the question of truth; however, the well-established poetry tradition – romantic, neo-romantic, modern neo-romantic, which coexisted with social realism in Soviet times, and experimental – did not raise such questions of truth but only reflected the nation’s collective expectations. The evolution of Lithuanian literature, which was highly fragmented during all the decades of the Soviet occupation, united the country through the expatriate poet Bernardas Brazdžionis while he was visiting Lithuania in the summer of 1989. Poetic texts predominated during the first demonstrations of Sąjūdis (the Reform Movement), but while trying to understand their position in the general Lithuanian culture and literature discourse, one needs to acknowledge the leading nature of poetry throughout the Soviet times: having its niche in the cultural system, poetry posed a large number of vexed questions, sought philosophical profundity, and was able to constantly address the deepest metaphysical questions even in strict censorship conditions. Lithuanian prose, which evaded the requirement by the doctrine of social realism to portray the world and characters engaged in class struggles, also found support in the poetry system and created a non-linear but coherent narrative where metaphors prevail. Lithuanian prose poetry became a sign of esthetic quality in independent Lithuania too, where the question of truth, which was important for achieving independence, found a way similar to that of poetry – through memoirs and essays to esthetics and little prose. At the beginning of independence, poetry, which had fed Lithuanian prose with its ideas, themes, conception of the world and esthetic solutions, also merged with memoirs and essays, thus being part of the discourse of telling the truth.