bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical application of ‘Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms‐Paediatric Delirium’ screening tool in Danish version: A feasibility study
Authors: Stenkjaer Rikke Louise , Egerod Ingrid , Moszkowicz Mala , Greisen Gorm , Ista Erwin , Herling Suzanne Forsyth , Weis Janne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aims of the present study were investigating the feasibility of: (1) using the Danish version of Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms‐Paediatric Delirium (SOS‐PD) screening tool in clinical practice and (2) comparing SOS‐PD performance to a child psychiatrist's assessment using the diagnostic criteria as a reference standard.BackgroundCritically ill children risk developing delirium potentially causing discomfort and suffering. Intensive care delirium has a fluctuating course complicating detection. Systematic screening during and after intensive care is central to manage paediatric delirium.Design and methodsWe used a descriptive and comparative design. First aim: Bedside nurses were asked to evaluate their experience of using the SOS‐PD. Second aim: We compared the SOS‐PD performance with the child psychiatrist assessment in 50 children aged 4 weeks to 18 years.ResultsNurses found the Danish version of the SOS‐PD applicable and easy to use. Of the 50 children included, 13 were diagnosed with delirium by the child psychiatrist. Consistency was found between the SOS‐PD score and the child psychiatrist's assessment (88%). We found three false‐negative and three false‐positive SOS‐PD cases. The false‐negative cases could be explained by the differences in time periods for the assessments. SOS‐PD assessments covered the past 4 h, whereas the psychiatric assessments covered the past 24 h. We assume the false‐positive cases represent an acceptable inconsistency between the two assessment methods.ConclusionsThe Danish version of the SOS‐PD appeared suitable for identifying paediatric delirium. Our results emphasised the importance of assessment at least once during each nursing shift to ensure delirium detection around the clock due to the fluctuating course of delirium.Relevance to clinical practiceImplementing the Danish SOS‐PD may increase awareness of this critical disorder by improving systematic identification of paediatric delirium in clinical practice paving the way for improved delirium prevention and management.
Fiscal transfers and economic convergence: Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Guanchun , Song Jianbo , Zhang Chengsi 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigates how fiscal transfers affect economic convergence across Chinese provinces. Using the data of 26 provinces over 1995–2016, we find that fiscal transfers promote an ‘immiserising convergence’ resulting from a decline in growth in rich provinces. Specifically, general fiscal transfers play an insignificant role, and special fiscal transfers facilitate the economic growth of poor provinces but impede that of rich provinces. Furthermore, the mechanism tests show that the positive effect of fiscal transfers on productive expenditures declines with higher initial real GDP per capita and becomes negative in rich provinces. To further identify causality, we conduct a difference‐in‐differences estimate by exploiting the Great Western Development Programme as a quasi‐natural experiment and employ an instrumental variable approach with ethnic diversity in 1990 as the instrument. In sum, our findings suggest that the positive growth effect of fiscal transfers in poor provinces is at the cost of sluggish growth in rich provinces.
Plasma-Synthesized Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles With Tunable Visible Light Absorption and Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Beaudette Chad A. , Tu Qiaomiao , Ali Eslamisaray Mohammad , Kortshagen Uwe R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Titanium dioxide in its pure wide bandgap “white” form is a non-toxic, efficient, and practical photocatalyst, but predominately absorbs light in the ultraviolet range of the spectrum. The absorption range, however, can be extended into the visible by doping with oxygen vacancies or impurities, such as nitrogen, giving the material a black or brown appearance. To date, nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide has primarily been produced with approaches that require long processing times or multi-step synthesis protocols. Here, we present a fast (timescale of tens of milliseconds) all-gas-phase process, which enables the seamless tuning of the optical properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles from white to brown. Titanium dioxide particles were synthesized through injection of tetrakis (dimethylamido)titanium (TDMAT), argon, and oxygen into a nonthermal plasma. The positions of the electrode and oxygen inlet relative to the precursor inlet are found to strongly influence particle properties. Variation of these parameters allowed for control over the produced particle optical properties from large bandgap (white) to small bandgap (brown). In addition, the particle microstructure can be tuned from amorphous to crystalline anatase phase titanium dioxide. The photocatalytic performance was tested under solar irradiation and amorphous particles exhibit the highest degree of photocatalytic decomposition of the dyes methyl orange and methylene blue.
Saliva cortisol diurnal variation and stress responses in term and preterm infants
Authors: Stoye David Q , Boardman James P , Osmond Clive , Sullivan Gemma , Lamb Gillian , Black Gill S , Homer Natalie Z M , Nelson Nina , Theodorsson Elvar , Mörelius Evalotte , Reynolds Rebecca M 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo determine if preterm birth is associated with adaptation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and whether HPA axis programming relates to the degree of prematurity (defined as extremely preterm birth at <28 weeks or very preterm birth at 28–32 weeks gestation).DesignThis study reports findings from a prospective birth cohort. Saliva cortisol concentrations were measured prevaccination and postvaccination, and in the morning and evening, at 4 months chronological age.SettingInfants born at a single Scottish hospital.Participants45 term-born, 42 very preterm and 16 extremely preterm infants.OutcomesCortisol stress response to vaccination (postvaccination minus prevaccination cortisol concentrations), diurnal slope (log-transformed morning minus log-transformed evening cortisol values) and mean log-transformed daily cortisol.ResultsCompared with infants born at term, infants born extremely preterm had a blunted cortisol response to vaccination (5.8 nmol/L vs 13.1 nmol/L, difference in means: −7.3 nmol/L, 95% CI −14.0 to −0.6) and a flattened diurnal slope (difference in geometric means: −72.9%, 95% CI −87.1 to −42.8). In contrast, the cortisol response to vaccination (difference in means −2.7 nmol/L, 95% CI −7.4 to 2.0) and diurnal slope at 4 months (difference in geometric means: −33.6%, 95% CI −62.0 to 16.0) did not differ significantly in infants born very preterm compared with infants born at term.ConclusionsInfants born extremely preterm have blunted cortisol reactivity and a flattened diurnal slope. These patterns of HPA axis regulation are commonly seen after childhood adversity and could contribute to later metabolic and neurodevelopmental phenotypes observed in this population.
Methaemoglobinaemia: a rare cause of chest pain, hypoxia and cyanosis
Authors: Gafaar Babatunde , Olaitan Ademola , Ahmed Fahel , Ravi Bharadwaj 
Published: March 2022

A man in his 20s presented with severe left-sided chest pain, shortness of breath and acute confusion. Initial examination revealed central cyanosis, normal heart sounds, vesicular breath sounds in both lung fields and a bruised right calf. The patient reported that he had recently injured his right leg and that he had not taken medication prescribed for blood clots for several days. Peripheral oxygen saturations were 85% despite high flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask. ECG revealed sinus tachycardia. Arterial blood gas sampling confirmed hypoxaemia. Given the history and the severe hypoxia, he was managed for pulmonary embolism initially.Closer inspection of his arterial blood results showed a methaemoglobin percentage of 20.4%. He was given intravenous methylene blue which resulted in resolution of his symptoms within 30 min. He subsequently confirmed that he was undergoing genetic testing for likely congenital methaemoglobinaemia.
Effect of acetazolamide on obstructive sleep apnoea in highlanders: protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover trial
Authors: Tan Lu , Furian Michael , Li Taomei , Tang Xiangdong 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disease that causing systemic hypertension. Furthermore, altitude-dependent hypobaric hypoxic condition and Tibetan ethnicity have been associated with systemic hypertension independent of OSA, therefore patients with OSA living at high altitude might be at profound risk to develop systemic hypertension. Acetazolamide has been shown to decrease blood pressure, improve arterial oxygenation and prevent high altitude periodic breathing in healthy volunteers ascending to high altitude and decrease blood pressure in patients with systemic hypertension at low altitude. However, the effect of acetazolamide on 24-hour blood pressure, sleep-disordered disturbance and daytime cognitive performance in patients with OSA permanently living at high altitude has not been studied.Methods and analysisThis study protocol describes a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover trial. Highland residents of both sexes, aged 30–60 years, Tibetan ethnicity, living at an elevation of 3650 m and apnoea–hypopnoea index over 15/hour will be included. Participants will be randomly assigned to a 2×2 week treatment period starting with 750 mg/day acetazolamide followed by placebo treatment or vice versa, separated by a 1-week wash-out phase. Clinical assessments, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), polysomnography (PSG), near-infrared spectroscopy, nocturnal fluid shift and cognitive performance will be assessed before and at the end of each treatment period. The primary outcome will be the difference in 24-hour mean blood pressure between acetazolamide therapy and placebo; secondary outcomes will be the difference in other 24-hour ABPM-derived parameters, PSG-derived parameters, cognitive performance and overnight change in different segments of fluid volume between acetazolamide therapy and placebo. Accounting for potential dropouts, 40 participants will be recruited.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the West China Hospital of Sichuan University Biomedical Research Ethics Committee. Recruitment will start in spring 2022. Dissemination of the results include presentations at conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100049304.
Oncological outcomes after piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps with covert submucosal invasive cancer
Authors: Gibson Dave J , Sidhu Mayenaaz , Zanati Simon , Tate David J , Mangira Dileep , Moss Alan , Singh Rajvinder , Hourigan Luke F , Raftopoulos Spiro , Pham Alan , Kostos Phil , Kumarasinghe M Priyanthi , Ruszkiewicz Andrew , McLeod Duncan , Brown Gregor J E , Bourke Michael J 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveManagement of covert submucosal invasive cancer (SMIC) discovered after piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection (pEMR) of large (>20 mm) non-pedunculated colorectal polyps is challenging. The residual cancer risk is largely unknown. We sought to evaluate this in a large tertiary referral cohort.DesignCases of covert SMIC following pEMR were identified and followed. Oncological outcomes after surgery were divided based on residual intramural cancer, lymph node metastases (LNM) or both. Risk factors for residual intramural cancer and LNM were analysed based on the original pEMR histological variables. Risk parameters were analysed with respect to low and high-risk variables for residual intramural cancer and LNM.ResultsAmong 3372 cases of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps, 143 cases of covert SMIC (4.2%) were identified. 109 underwent surgical resection. Histological analysis of pEMR histology was available in 98 of 109 (90%) cases. 62 cases (63%) had no residual malignancy. 36 cases had residual malignancy (residual intramural cancer n=24; LNM n=5; both n=7). All cases of residual intramural cancer could be identified by a R1 histological deep margin. Cases with poor differentiation (PD) and/or lymphovascular invasion (LVI) had a high risk of LNM (12/33), with a very low risk without these criteria (<1%; 0/65). Cases at low risk for LNM with R0 deep margin have a low risk of residual intramural cancer (<1%; 0/35).ConclusionThe majority of cases of large non-pedunculated colorectal polyps with covert SMIC following pEMR will have no residual malignancy. The risk of residual malignancy can be ascertained from three key variables: PD, LVI and R1 deep margin.
Novel imaging biomarkers predict outcomes in stage III unresectable non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiation and durvalumab
Authors: Jazieh Khalid , Khorrami Mohammadhadi , Saad Anas , Gad Mohamed , Gupta Amit , Patil Pradnya , Viswanathan Vidya Sankar , Rajiah Prabhakar , Nock Charles J , Gilkey Michael , Fu Pingfu , Pennell Nathan A , Madabhushi Anant 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe landmark study of durvalumab as consolidation therapy in NSCLC patients (PACIFIC trial) demonstrated significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with locally advanced, unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with durvalumab (immunotherapy, IO) therapy after chemoradiotherapy (CRT). In clinical practice in the USA, durvalumab continues to be used in patients across all levels of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression. While immune therapies have shown promise in several cancers, some patients either do not respond to the therapy or have cancer recurrence after an initial response. It is not clear so far who will benefit of this therapy or what the mechanisms behind treatment failure are.MethodsA total of 133 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC who underwent durvalumab after CRT or CRT alone were included. Patients treated with durvalumab IO after CRT were randomly split into training (D1=59) and test (D2=59) sets and the remaining 15 patients treated with CRT alone were grouped in D3. Radiomic textural patterns from within and around the target nodules were extracted. A radiomic risk score (RRS) was built and was used to predict PFS and overall survival (OS). Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on median RRS.ResultsRRS was found to be significantly associated with PFS in D1 (HR=2.67, 95% CI 1.85 to 4.13, p<0.05, C-index=0.78) and D2 (HR=2.56, 95% CI 1.63 to 4, p<0.05, C-index=0.73). Similarly, RRS was associated with OS in D1 (HR=1.89, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.75, p<0.05, C-index=0.67) and D2 (HR=2.14, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.6, p<0.05, C-index=0.69), respectively. RRS was found to be significantly associated with PFS in high PD-L1 (HR=3.01, 95% CI 1.41 to 6.45, p=0.0044) and low PD-L1 (HR=2.74, 95% CI 1.8 to 4.14, p=1.77e-06) groups. Moreover, RRS was not significantly associated with OS in the high PD-L1 group (HR=2.08, 95% CI 0.98 to 4.4, p=0.054) but was significantly associated with OS in the low PD-L1 group (HR=1.61, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.28, p=0.0062). In addition, RRS was significantly associated with PFS (HR=2.77, 95% CI 1.17 to 6.52, p=0.019, C-index=0.77) and OS (HR=2.62, 95% CI 1.25 to 5.51, p=0.01, C-index=0.77) in D3, respectively.ConclusionsTumor radiomics of pretreatment CT images from patients with stage III unresectable NSCLC were prognostic of PFS and OS to CRT followed by durvalumab IO and CRT alone.
Preclinical characterization of the novel anti-SIRPα antibody BR105 that targets the myeloid immune checkpoint
Authors: Wu Zhen-Hua , Li Na , Mei Xiao-Feng , Chen Juan , Wang Xiao-Ze , Guo Ting-Ting , Chen Gang , Nie Lei , Chen Yao , Jiang Mei-Zhu , Wang Ji-Teng , Wang Hai-Bin 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe CD47-SIRPα pathway acts as an important myeloid cell immune checkpoint and targeting the CD47/SIRPα axis represents a promising strategy to promote antitumor immunity. Several CD47-targeting agents show encouraging early activity in clinical trials. However, due to ubiquitous expression of CD47, the antigen sink and hematologic toxicity, such as anemia and thrombocytopenia, are main problems for developing CD47-targeting therapies. Considering the limited expression of SIRPα, targeting SIRPα is an alternative approach to block the CD47-SIRPα pathway, which may result in differential efficacy and safety profiles.MethodsSIRPα-targeting antibody BR105 was generated by hybridoma fusion and following humanization. BR105 was characterized for binding to human SIRPα alleles and blockade of the interaction with CD47. The functional activity was determined in in vitro phagocytosis assays by using human macrophages. The effect of BR105 on human T cell activation was studied using an OKT3-induced T-cell proliferation assay and an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Human SIRPα-humanized immunodeficient mice were used in cancer models for evaluating the in vivo antitumor efficacy of BR105. Safety was addressed in a repeat-dose toxicity study in cynomolgus monkeys, and toxicokinetic analysis was further evaluated.ResultsBR105 shows broad binding activity across various SIRPα variants, and potently blocks the interaction of SIRPα and CD47. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that BR105 synergizes with therapeutic antibodies to promote phagocytosis of tumor cells. Moreover, the combination of BR105 and therapeutic antibody significantly inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft tumor model. Although BR105 may slightly bind to SIRPγ, it does not inhibit T cell activation, unlike other non-selective SIRPα-targeting antibody and CD47-targeting agents. Toxicity studies in non-human primates show that BR105 is well tolerated with no treatment-related adverse effects noted.ConclusionsThe novel and differentiated SIRPα-targeting antibody, BR105, was discovered and displays promising antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo. BR105 has a favorable safety profile and shows no adverse effects on T cell functionality. These data support further clinical development of BR105, especially as a therapeutic agent to enhance efficacy when used in combination with tumor-targeting antibodies or antibodies that target other immune checkpoints.
Context- and Fairness-Aware In-Process Crowdworker Recommendation
Authors: Wang Junjie , Yang Ye , Wang Song , Hu Jun , Wang Qing 
Published: March 2022

Identifying and optimizing open participation is essential to the success of open software development. Existing studies highlighted the importance of worker recommendation for crowdtesting tasks in order to improve bug detection efficiency, i.e., detect more bugs with fewer workers. However, there are a couple of limitations in existing work. First, these studies mainly focus on one-time recommendations based on expertise matching at the beginning of a new task. Second, the recommendation results suffer from severe popularity bias, i.e., highly experienced workers are recommended in almost all the tasks, while less experienced workers rarely get recommended. This article argues the need for context- and fairness-aware in-process crowdworker recommendation in order to address these limitations. We motivate this study through a pilot study, revealing the prevalence of long-sized non-yielding windows, i.e., no new bugs are revealed in consecutive test reports during the process of a crowdtesting task. This indicates the potential opportunity for accelerating crowdtesting by recommending appropriate workers in a dynamic manner, so that the non-yielding windows could be shortened. Besides, motivated by the popularity bias in existing crowdworker recommendation approach, this study also aims at alleviating the unfairness in recommendations.
Driven by these observations, this article proposes a context- and fairness-aware in-process crowdworker recommendation approach, iRec2.0, to detect more bugs earlier, shorten the non-yielding windows, and alleviate the unfairness in recommendations. It consists of three main components: (1) the modeling of dynamic testing context, (2) the learning-based ranking component, and (3) the multi-objective optimization-based re-ranking component. The evaluation is conducted on 636 crowdtesting tasks from one of the largest crowdtesting platforms, and results show the potential of iRec2.0 in improving the cost-effectiveness of crowdtesting by saving the cost, shortening the testing process, and alleviating the unfairness among workers. In detail, iRec2.0 could shorten the non-yielding window by a median of 50%–66% in different application scenarios, and consequently have potential of saving testing cost by a median of 8%–12%. Meanwhile, the recommendation frequency of the crowdworker drop from 34%–60% to 5%–26% under different scenarios, indicating its potential in alleviating the unfairness among crowdworkers.
The Role of Wireless Sensors in the Quality Monitoring of Students’ Physical Fitness Tests under the Background of National Fitness
Authors: Xu Ruixia 
Published: March 2022

With the continuous development of Chinese economy and the continuous improvement of national living standards, the country’s emphasis on students’ physique has also increased. This has greatly breakthrough the conditions for health testing of students’ physique in our country. With the assistance of wireless sensors, students’ physical health quality monitoring has accurate data statistics and research. Hop positioning algorithm, compressed sensing matching tracking algorithm, and RSSI technology have been analyzed from the perspectives of students’ ideas, life, and learning, and school sports support. It is found that nearly 50% of students in a college are not very health-conscious, while only 26% have a good knowledge of health. In the 50 m running test, the average score for boys is

807
+
124

s

, and the average for girls is

914
±
108

s

. The data is accurate to 0.01% with the help of wireless sensor technology. At the same time, combined with the testing data of sports events, we found that the physical fitness of students is generally low. This has a lot to do with the living habits of the students and the physical exercises in the school.