bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of the cross-polarization scattering diagnostic on the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Tong R.H. , Zhong W.L. , Wen J. , Shi Z.B. , Zou X.L. , Liang A.S. , Yang Z.C. , Fang K.Y. , Jiang M. , Shi P.W. , Yu X. , Zhou Y. , Xu M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A new cross-polarization scattering (CPS) diagnostic has been developed on HL-2A, which aims to measure the local magnetic fluctuation inside the plasma. It is based on the scattering of an incident microwave beam into the perpendicular polarization by magnetic fluctuations. The CPS diagnostic has been designed in the Q-band (33–50 GHz), which consists of the electronic system, quasi-optical, and polarization rejector. The ray-tracing code is used to simulate the propagation of the probe and scattered rays. To test the performance of the quasi-optical system, a 3D test platform is built and detailed test results are shown. Two methods are developed for polarization rejector on HL-2A: wire grid polarizer and dual-polarized horn antenna (DPHA). The laboratory test result shows that the polarization rejection of both methods is better than 30 dB, which meets the needs for magnetic fluctuation detection. In the future, the CPS diagnosis will be used to study the electromagnetic turbulence behavior in the high-performance plasma of the HL-2A tokamak.
Measuring the impacts of a real-world neighborhood-scale cool pavement deployment on albedo and temperatures in Los Angeles
Authors: Ko Joseph , Schlaerth Hannah , Bruce Alexandra , Sanders Kelly , Ban-Weiss George 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Climate change is expected to exacerbate the urban heat island (UHI) effect in cities worldwide, increasing the risk of heat-related morbidity and mortality. Solar reflective ‘cool pavement’ is one of several mitigation strategies that may counteract the negative effects of the UHI effect. An increase in pavement albedo results in less heat absorption, which results in reduced surface temperatures (T
surface). Near surface air temperatures (T
air) could also be reduced if cool pavements are deployed at sufficiently large spatial scales, though this has never been confirmed by field measurements. This field study is the first to conduct controlled measurements of the impacts of neighborhood-scale cool pavement installations. We measured the impacts of cool pavement on albedo, T
surface, and T
air. In addition, pavement albedo was monitored after installation to assess its degradation over time. The field site (∼0.64 km2) was located in Covina, California; ∼30 km east of Downtown Los Angeles. We found that an average pavement albedo increase of 0.18 (from 0.08 to 0.26) corresponded to maximum neighborhood averaged T
surface and T
air reductions of 5 °C and 0.2 °C, respectively. Maximum T
surface reductions were observed in the afternoon, while minimum reductions of 0.9 °C were observed in the morning. T
air reductions were detected at 12:00 local standard time (LST), and from 20:00 LST to 22:59 LST, suggesting that cool pavement decreases T
air during the daytime as well as in the evening. An average albedo reduction of 30% corresponded to a ∼1 °C reduction in the T
surface cooling efficacy. Although we present here the first measured T
air reductions due to cool pavement, we emphasize that the tradeoffs between T
air reductions and reflected shortwave radiation increases are still unclear and warrant further investigation in order to holistically assess the efficacy of cool pavements, especially with regards to pedestrian thermal comfort.
Pattern capacity of a single quantum perceptron
Authors: Benatti Fabio , Gramegna Giovanni , Mancini Stefano 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recent developments in quantum machine learning have seen the introduction of several models to generalize the classical perceptron to the quantum regime. The capabilities of these quantum models need to be determined precisely in order to establish if a quantum advantage is achievable. Here we use a statistical physics approach to compute the pattern capacity of a particular model of quantum perceptron realized by means of a continuous variable quantum system.
State regulation of the preservation and sustainable development of rural areas
Authors: Minenko A V , Vodyasov P V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A stable trend of outflow of residents from villages to cities developed at the turn of the 20th - 21st centuries. This phenomenon is caused by a number of factors, including scientific and technological progress, economic and cultural differentiation. This situation is difficult, but Russia has taken a number of measures to curb the migration of the population from rural areas. The Strategy for Sustainable Development of Rural Areas and the State Program for the Comprehensive Development of Rural Areas are being implemented at the moment. The content of strategic and program-targeted documents allows us to say that the goals and values of the target indicators formulated in them state the inevitable continuation of the migration outflow of residents from the villages. In this regard, the article contains the rationale for using the category “preservation of rural areas” instead of the category “development of rural areas”.
Support for technical and technological modernization of agribusiness in the Altai Territory
Authors: Minenko A V , Seliverstov M V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The dynamics of agribusiness development depends on the state of its material and technical base; its intensification is impossible without equipping with advanced energy-efficient means of production. A number of measures of state support in the Altai Territory are aimed at achieving the required level of technical re-equipment of enterprises of the agro-industrial complex. Within the framework of the study, measures and tools are considered that stimulate technical re-equipment and technological modernization. The influence of state support on the technical re-equipment of agribusiness is analyzed, and the positive contribution of the use of leasing schemes in the acquisition of agricultural machinery is revealed. Indicators of the dynamics of updating the main types of agricultural machines and technological equipment of agribusiness are given, in particular, its low provision with tractors was revealed. The assessment of the need for technology is given. The reasons for the restraining rates of acquisition of agricultural machinery have been identified and a number of measures have been proposed to intensify it.
Influence of basic soil tillage on the physical properties of leached chernozem of Western Siberia
Authors: Rzaeva V , Eremin D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results of researches on the change in the physical properties of leached chernozem during the cultivation of spring wheat according to the basic tillage options (moldboard, non-moldboard, differentiated, No-till) for three crop rotations (annual grass-spring wheat-spring wheat) and fallows. In the course of the field study of the water permeability of the subsurface layers of leached chernozem, it was found that moldboard and non-moldboard basic tillage have the maximum negative impact. They reduce the infiltration rate from a depth of 30 cm to 1.7, and from a depth of 50 cm - 2.2 mm/min. Also, the abovementioned systems of basic tillage reduce filtration to minimum values of 1.0-1.2 mm/min. The minimum negative effect was noted at differentiated tillage, in which the water permeability of the subsurface layers approaches the values of long-term fallow. The rate of absorption and movement of water in unsaturated soil changes relatively quickly, affecting the reserves of productive moisture, aeration of the root zone, and through them affects the productivity of the arable land. The productivity of the crop rotation with a seed fallow (annual grass-spring wheat spring – wheat spring) is reliably higher than the control according to the differentiated treatment; and it is 40% less according to the No-till basic tillage.
Formation of a stable yield of grain crops in various meteorological conditions in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region
Authors: Shakhova O A , Yakubyshina L I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Siberian regions, including the Northern Trans-Urals, play an important role in the production of grain and feed. The main forage crops cultivated in the region are oats and barley. Both crops have a long history of cultivation and a wide range of advantages that allow them to be used for fodder, food and technical purposes. The share of these crops in the grain wedge of the Tyumen region is more than 40%.
The creation and introduction of ecologically plastic varieties is a prerequisite for stabilizing grain harvesting. Varieties must combine good responsiveness to favourable growing conditions with resistance to limiting environmental factors. Modern technologies of cultivation of crops directly depend on climatic parameters: temperature, amount of precipitation and their distribution by months. Crop productivity can be controlled by studying and understanding the influence of the climatic potential of Western Siberia, the features of which this article is devoted to. In the current weather conditions 2015-2019. the yield of barley varieties Abalak, Acha and Vorsinsky 2 varied moderately (V = 12.2-17.8%) and ranged from 3.70 to 3.99 t/ha. Variety Chelyabinsky 99 turned out to be responsive to changes in air temperature and the amount of precipitation (V = 28.7%). The yield of oat varieties varied significantly from climatic indicators (V = 37.1-44.3%) and ranged from 1.93 to 3.38 t/ha. The variety Foma stood out especially with a maximum average yield of 3.38 t/ha and an average negative dependence on the SCC for May-September (r = - 0.29).
Legal foundations of agriculture: institutional aspects of sustainable infrastructure development
Authors: Fastovich G G , Kapsargina S A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractState regulation of the agricultural sector is one of the main conditions for the effective functioning of the country’s economy. The key task that the state must solve in the process of regulating the agricultural sector is to create a favorable environment for the effective conduct of economic activity. In the modern period of the formation of agrarian legal policy, the study of the legal foundations of sustainable agricultural development is extremely important. The article notes the importance of the system of Russian legislation as a factor in strengthening agricultural production. The institutional aspects of the activities of farmers, including economic, regulatory, legal and strategic, are established.
Ecological safety and effectiveness of the growth regulator Vigor Forte and Agrovin fertilizers in the technology of growing of watermelon
Authors: Koleboshina T G , Egorova G S , Ryabchikova N B , Okolelova A A , Nefed’eva E E 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Modern agricultural technologies require new approaches allowing to increase yields and produce fruits with high properties. The aim of the research was to assess the effect of foliar processing of watermelon plants with growth regulator Vigor Forte in various doses and combinations with liquid fertilizers on growth, development, yield and biochemical traits of fruits. The research was carried out in 2018-2020 on Bykovskaya Melon Breeding Experimental Station - a branch of the FSBSI “Federal Scientific Centre for Vegetable Growing” (Volgograd region). The treatment of plants was carried out twice, the first one was at the beginning of branch forming, the second one was after 10-12 days. The following rates of fertilizers were used: Vigor Forte - 25 g/ha and 50 g/ha; Agrovin Universal, Agrovin Profi, and NPK complex - 500 g/ha. Consumption of working solution was 200 l/ha. The object of research was an early cultivar of watermelon Triumph. Untreated plants were accepted for control. Treatment of watermelon plants with Vigor Forte combined with Agrovin Universal or Agrovin Pro fertilizers increased yield by 36.7 - 77.9%. There were no significant changes in the biochemical traits of the fruits. The amount of nitrates did not exceed the MPC (60 mg/kg).
Influence of abiotic environmental factors on agricultural technology of barley cultivation in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals
Authors: Mitrofanov D V , Tkacheva T A 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results of a study of the influence of abiotic factors on the yield of barley grain in arid conditions of the Orenburg region. The aim of the study is to study agrometeorological conditions, soil moisture, nutrient background, previous crops and their impact on the yield of barley grain in six-field crop rotations. The studies were carried out from 2015 to 2020 according to six options for growing barley on a plot of an experimental stationary field according to crop rotations with black and green manure fallow, laid down in 1988. In the experiments, the following research methods are used: field, thermostat-weight method and analysis of variance. The moisture level in the soil layers in all variants is from 112.2 to 173.2 mm. For the rotation of the six-field crop rotation with black fallow in the second variant of the experiment, there is an increase in the yield of barley grain in the aftereffect of peas against the background with applied mineral fertilizers and contains 1.40 t, without their use - 1.16 t/ha. For the rest of the experiment, a change in the yield of barley grain is noted and the range is from 1.07 to 1.38 t/ha. The increase in grain from mineral fertilizers by 0.17-0.25 t/ha can be seen for all variants of the study. The dependence of the yield of barley grain in grain-fallow crop rotation with peas on the content of soil moisture and precipitation on a fertilized background of nutrition was revealed. The results of the study are of great importance in the development of agriculture and the production of fodder grain in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals.
Results of competitive testing of potato varieties in the environmental conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe
Authors: Khalipsky A N , Churakov A A , Popova H M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
New breeding numbers of potatoes have been identified in terms of a set of indicators, yield, starch content, preservation, significantly superior to the zoned varieties in Eastern Siberia. New breeding numbers of potatoes for the breeding nursery and their further transfer to the State test are recommended. Based on the studies carried out on the assessment of samples in competitive variety testing carried out in 2019 - 2020, we came to the conclusion that the breeding work on the goals and objectives set for us was successfully completed. A new breeding material was obtained, surpassing the standard potato varieties used in the state variety testing in terms of yield and quality. According to the results of the variety study, the following samples are recommended for further propagation and transfer to the state variety testing: a - 134 as table, a - 326 for starch production, and - 635 for dietary nutrition.
Using the environmental properties of air permeability for designing of clothing fabrics with specified properties
Authors: Orazbaeva R I , Kodirova D N , Rakhimkhodzhaev S S , Djoldasova A B 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One of the most important problems of mankind is the problem of environmental protection. Despite the progress of science and production, technologies for obtaining many materials for human needs are not perfect and harm the environment and its inhabitants. Clothing is an important part of human life. It affects his mood, perception by others, and career success. Experts also say that harmful substances can be released from clothing and penetrate into the human body. They end up in fibers, threads, yarns and materials during their production. The most important properties of materials for clothing are hygienic properties, in particular air permeability - the ability to let air through (“breathe”). This property determines the comfort of clothes and affects the well-being of a person in the process of wearing products.
Land as an object of the environment (trends in public and legal policy development)
Authors: Safronov V V 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper attempts to consider such economic and legal category as land, in terms of its role as an environmental object. The tendencies of development of this category in the sphere of state policy and dynamics of domestic legislation are investigated. The separate attention is devoted to lands of an agricultural purpose - the most important of all categories of ground fund as it includes the most valuable productive earths. As an object of legal relations, this category of land is a unique natural resource, which can be depleted by inappropriate and illiterate use and requiring large costs to restore their fertility.
Application of granulated mineral fertilizers synchronized with sowing of sugar beet seeds: innovative approach
Authors: Igoshin D N 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
At modern time when agricultural machines and aggregates are so sophisticated any agricultural enterprise has an opportunity to get the integrated equipment with a wide range of simultaneous functions to plant the crops. A lot of relevant and innovative measures are taken to improve productivity and to reduce the cost of the resulting products. One of them is the mineral fertilizers sowing. The increase in productivity depends on the external weather conditions and reaches more than 25 % if mineral fertilizers are spread. One of the top priorities is to improve the quality and to increase the crops productivity. These indicators can be boosted if agricultural machines and devices will be improved. They are likely to provide effective fields processing and to combine technological operations in groups. The search of rational approaches to mineral fertilizers spreading with sugar beet seeds simultaneous sowing is one of the actual problems in the agriculture. The influence of different mineral fertilizers spreading working devices on the soil quality and the choice of seeds depending minerals are the original requirements. They define where to fix the spreading working devices that introduce mineral fertilizers starting dose in the subsurface at sugar beet sowing.
Suitability of primocane-fruiting raspberry varieties for cultivation in the extended cycle in the Southern Cisbaikalia growing conditions
Authors: Rachenko M A , Kiseleva E N , Kamyshova L E , Rachenko A M 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
When studying the world and domestic experience of cultivating primocane -fruiting raspberry varieties, the greenhouse crop cultivation method has attracted attention. Cisbaikalia is a territory where the cultivation period for horticultural crops is not long, whereas the need for fresh berries is high. Taking that into consideration, we see the prospect of developing a technology for cultivating primocane-fruiting raspberry varieties in the extended cycle in the Southern Cisbaikalia growing conditions. The present paper introduces the research carried out in 2019-2021 at the experimental site Phytotron of Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Irkutsk, Russia). The research objects were varieties and selected forms of domestic primocane-fruiting raspberry. For this purpose, the plant productivity was determined, and phenological observations were performed. The research was carried out according to the generally accepted program and methodology for the variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops. The research involved medium and late-ripening varieties with a long fruiting period, such as Oranzhevoye chudo, Zhar ptitsa, Gerakl, Bryanskoye divo, Rubinovoye ozherel’ye, selected form 37-15-4. Plants of the first year of growth, which were in the budding phase at the time of transplantation, were selected. The plant preparing for transplantation was started 4 weeks before. In the first week of September, seedlings were transplanted into 8-10 liter containers. For normal growth and fruiting under new growing conditions, optimal water and temperature conditions were created, the plant feeding was improved. All the plants adapted well to the extended cultivation and entered the fruiting phase. High productivity was observed in Gerakl, Oranzhevoye chudo, and Rubinovoye ozherel’ye.
Screening of soil activity in different ecological systems
Authors: Lykov I N , Sukhanova V S 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The article presents the results of studies of the qualitative and quantitative composition of soil microbiocenosis in non-Black Earth Region conditions. The characteristics of soil microflora qualitative composition in natural ecosystems and in the conditions of wheat cultivation are given. The data obtained indicate the biological degradation of agricultural soils, which is expressed in a decrease in microbiological parameters in comparison with natural ecosystems soils. It is noted that the microbiocenosis determines the soil biological activity, the measure of which is the emission of carbon dioxide. It has been established that a higher emission of carbon dioxide is characteristic of soils of natural ecosystems and is associated with the vigorous activity of microorganisms. Our data indicate that, under Non-Black Earth Region conditions, the intensity of soil respiration and the activity of microbiological processes are decisively influenced by humidity, temperature, and acid-base balance.
Quality control system based on the HACCP principles for safety production process of toppling bread
Authors: Odintsova A A , Dunchenko N I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, it is very important to produce safe products. The global problem is a quality of food products and it is significant item for modern producer and consumer. The quality guarantees that technology is highly monitored, with all technological steps and conditions. The technology process of toppling bread has a number of steps and production operations. Raw materials are – flour, water and yeast starter. In this article the HACCP procedure for toppling bread production is shown. The most important aspects of quality management in food industrial process are: developing a block-schema of the process, critical control points identification and, as a result, a HACCP list creation. These aspects are established in this paper according to the technological process of toppling bread. With the use of these data it is possible to implement a HACCP system in technological process of toppling bread in order to trace all processes, production conditions and to produce a safe product with good quality.
Estimation of the food supply level for the population: regional and climatic aspects
Authors: Kolesnyak Antonina A , Namkhanova Margarita V , Polyanskaya Natalya M , Naydanova Erzhena B , Kovalenko Elizaveta I 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The paper considers the strategic importance of the food problem not only on a national scale but also at the level of separate territories of Russia. The territories have different natural and climatic conditions. An estimation of the food supply parameters for such regions as the Far Eastern and Southern Federal Districts, characterized by a contrasting climate, has been carried out. The paper considers the dynamics of consumption and production of basic food products in these regions in comparison with the all-Russian indicators. The authors carry out the analysis of indicators for rational norms of basic food products consumption in relation to the rational norms recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The paper presents the estimation of the food self-sufficiency level in the considered federal districts. The main directions of solving the food problem in the regions are determined.