bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of RSMA-based cognitive networks with random distribution of eavesdroppers
Authors: Li Qinying , Tian Yue , Wang Xianling , Zhu Chen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Due to the pace of various emerging wireless communication technologies and new application services innovation, network information security, and capacity requirements have become a hot issue of concern. In order to improve network security performance and transmission capacity, researchers have proposed cognitive wireless network and physical layer security as potential solution. Most of the current research work focuses on the assumption that the location of the eavesdropping node is fixed. Starting from the physical layer security and based on the random geometry theory, this paper studies the security performance of cognitive wireless networks under the scenario of random distribution of eavesdropping nodes based on rate splitting multiple access, proposes a system model, and deduces the closed form solutions of connection interruption probability and security interruption probability of secondary users in the cognitive wireless network. The results show that the security interruption probability is related to the density and security of eavesdropping nodes. Finally, the correctness of the formulas is verified by simulation analysis.
The Research Process, Application, and the Future Development of Pulse-Position Modulation
Authors: Tang Wenzhe , Wang Sirui , Xu Yimeng , Yu Zhouyue 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With the development of digital communication, pulse-position modulation technology has become an important technology in wireless communication due to its efficient bandwidth utilization and sensitive detection efficiency. This study aims to provide some basic information on PPM. In the trend of rapid development of PPM, researchers have found that PPM plays an irreplaceable role, no matter in daily life or scientific research and development. To arouse people’s interest in PPM research, more people are attracted to participate in the study. It began with an introduction to the development process of PPM, and briefly lists the advantages and disadvantages of PPM and the development trend to help readers quickly understand its background knowledge of it. The second part started to work on different modulations based on the previous research on PPM. Various modulation methods are related to each other, and the proposal of each modulation method is based on the shortcomings of existing modulation methods. This study discusses how PPM is used in experiments. Moreover, each experiment’s measurement values and corresponding advantages are analyzed through charts, like Bit Error Rate (BER) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) conducted in each experiment. This study draws a conclusion by discussing the application and the broad horizon for future developments mainly used in communication engineering led by light communication. However, in recent years, PPM has been introduced in many other fields, such as detection and mechanic.
Time Domain Measurement System for Electric Field of Radio Interference Generated by Corona Discharge
Authors: Huang Huan , Hong Xiao Yan , Li Bin , Liu Lei , Yu Siwu , Mao Xianyin , Peng Chi , Du Hao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
When corona discharge occurs around the wire, it will be accompanied by the movement of space charge, and then generate corona discharge effects such as radio interference and audible noise. In order to reveal time domain characteristics of the electric field of radio interference generated by corona discharge, a set of time domain measurement systems for radio interference, including oscillator antenna, sampling resistance, and data acquisition system, is developed. Based on the characteristics of corona-generated radio interference and antenna theory, the size of the antenna, the equivalent circuit model, and the selection of sampling resistance are discussed carefully to satisfy the requirements for the measurement of corona-generated radio interference. To verify the effectiveness of the measurement system, an experimental platform with a single corona source is built, and the time domain waveforms of corona current and radio interference are simultaneously measured. Besides, the attenuation law of radio interference is obtained by using a time domain measurement system. The results show that the amplitude of the measured voltage of radio interference decreases exponentially with distance. The time domain measurement system presented in this paper can lay a solid foundation for the time-domain evaluation of the radio interference level generated by corona discharge.
Separation Structure Speech Separation Model Fusing Conformer and NBC
Authors: Qiang Zhou , Xiangyang Cheng , Tian Ding 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The quality of speech separation affects the entire speech technology ecosystem. Aiming at the problems of low utilization of local feature information, insufficient convergence speed, too many calculation parameters and too long calculation time in blind source separation in view of Transformer dual-path cyclic neural network, a blind source separation model based on fusion of Conformer and NBC (Narrow-band Conformer NBC) is proposed. First, for the problems of low utilization of speech local feature information and insufficient convergence speed, the Transformer block is replaced by the Conformer in the block of the dual-path recurrent network. It can improve the utilization and convergence speed of local features. Secondly, the NBC block is used to replace the Transformer block in the inter-block loop. The NBC block simplifies the calculation of vector similarity and vector aggregation, reduces lots of parameters and calculation cost, and reduces the computational complexity of the model. In the experiments on WSJ0-2mix[7] dataset and WHAM[13] dataset, contrast with other models, the convergence speech is faster and the blind source separation effect is better.
A New Bandwidth Reconfigurable Antenna
Authors: Zang Yiping , Li Weishan , Ma Jie , Yang Jiangjun , Xiong Wenjun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A bandwidth reconfigurable monopole antenna with disc-shaped is presented in this article. This presented antenna is integrated with a disc-shaped monopole antenna and a cascaded bandpass structure, and four different bandwidth states can be adjusted by the bandpass structure. By switching the diode’s on-off state integrated with the bandpass structure, this presented monopole antenna can switch quickly among four different bandwidth states whose fractional bandwidth is range from 16% to 55% centered at around 1.8 GHz. The experiment also shows good and stable electromagnetic properties of this presented antenna in different working bandwidths.
Slice resource allocation based on Comprehensive Utility
Authors: Shen Zhentao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Due to the increasing demand for quality of service in power communication services quality.smart grids require network slicing technology to provide differentiated services. However, the existing algorithms lack in-depth research on the comprehensive service, particularly in power services and system accessibility. To address these issues, this paper proposes an integrated utility-based resource allocation scheme. Under the premise of meeting user needs, the priority of slices is comprehensively considered to optimize system utility and access rate. By comparing to local optimization algorithms, the results show that the new algorithm can maximize the overall user utility of the system and optimize the slice access rate simultaneously.
Multi-path QoE Routing Algorithm for wireless mesh network Based on Q-Learning
Authors: Jie Tang , Yan Xu , Yali Che , Xuhui Liu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To address the problem of poor quality of experience(QoE) of wireless mesh network users in the current video streaming service, a wireless mesh network multi-path QoE algorithm based on Q-learning(QLMPQ) is proposed. The selection strategy is used to find the optimal master-slave path to improve the reliability of data transmission. Virtual simulation experiments are carried out under the conditions of different concurrent flows to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the algorithm. The experimental results show that compared with Q-Routing, QLAODV, and AODV algorithms, this algorithm can significantly improve the performance of wireless mesh networks.
Energy management optimization strategy of virtual power plant based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Ji Xiu , Li Cong , Wang Jiarui , Wang Yan , Hou Faming , Guo Shuanghao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The large-scale integration of new energy into the grid in the future will have an impact on the dispatching operation of the power grid. As a potential controllable resource, a controllable load is gradually being tapped, and the application of virtual power plants and artificial intelligence provides a solution. It can effectively perform resource aggregation scheduling and energy management optimization. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy management optimization strategy for virtual power plants based on deep reinforcement learning. The strategy first establishes three types of controllable load models and energy storage models and then combines the deep reinforcement learning Double-DQN algorithm with the internal model of the virtual power plant to construct an environment, action, and reward functions, and finally, conducts simulation and result analysis. The calculation example shows that this strategy can realize the optimal scheduling of the virtual power plant and improve the demand side response, and the experimental model in this paper has a higher yield curve compared with other learning algorithms, which verifies the effectiveness and rationality of the strategy. It is significant to inspire and promote the high-quality development of a green energy economy with new ideas of energy management models.
Forest fire detection algorithm based on Improved YOLOv5
Authors: Yu Shuailong , Sun Chunxia , Wang Xiaopeng , Li Baomin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the existing target detection algorithms are difficult to detect sudden fire with high precision in real-time in the complex forest environment, an improved forest fire detection algorithm based on YOLOv5 is proposed by us. Firstly, the k-means clustering algorithm based on 1-IoU distance is used to preprocess the forest fire data set. Secondly, the Transformer attention mechanism is added to the model backbone network to improve the detection accuracy, and the regression box loss function GIoU-NMS is changed to EIoU-NMS. Finally, the network structure is changed, and the deep separable convolution is added to reduce the parameters. Comparing the algorithm we propose with the original YOLOv5 algorithm and the mainstream target algorithm, the experimental results show that the algorithm can have more efficient and high-precision detection results in fewer samples and complex environments and prove its feasibility and effectiveness.
Optimization of Interface layout of electrical equipment using Heuristic Algorithm
Authors: Yu Jianqin , Lu Guoying , Zhang Ting , Cheng Tianyu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Facility Layout Problem(FLP) is a major matter in the process of human-machine interface(HMI) design, which has a direct impact on how well operators perform their duties. Electrical equipment, which controls the power system, has a direct impact on how safely the system operates. The current optimization techniques prioritize improving the equipment’s performance characteristics at the expense of user aspects. This work aims to apply heuristic algorithms that introduce cognitive psychology and adopt the layout principle as a constraint condition to solve this problem. The improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to conduct the optimal design practice of the HMI of electrical switching equipment, develop the optimization mathematical model, and quantify the subjective and objective layout principles. Comparing the optimization results reveals that the genetic algorithm’s optimization impact is superior and the ant colony algorithm’s iterative pace is faster. The HMI’s optimized design based on a heuristic algorithm can improve the usability of interface operation, and has a certain reference for the optimization design of HMI of electrical equipment.
Design and Implementation of Microservice Secure Communication Framework based on National Secret Algorithm and Dynamic Key
Authors: Ding Hongyu , Meng Qingqiang , Sun Lihua , Liu Ming , Chen Xu , Liu Chang , Leng Duanjie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With the acceleration of the pace of the national electricity reform and the wide application of the micro-service architecture, various network threats in the field of information security are increasing, and the power industry has become the “hardest hit area” for cyber attacks. In order to improve the safe implementation of the National Power Grid’s electronic projects and effectively resist the “malicious exploration” of various network threats, this paper proposes a microservice secure communication framework based on the combination of dynamic keys and national secret algorithms for a high concurrency web system based on microservices. The framework uses the national secret SM2 algorithm to generate session-level paired keys and then generates a digital signature through the SM3 algorithm, which effectively guarantees the integrity of the communication. Finally, it extracts the encryption key and encryption offset from the paired keys and uses the SM4 algorithm to encrypt the original request text payload. Timestamps and random numbers are added to each request to prevent tampering and replay attacks effectively. The system framework has been practically applied on the State Grid’s digital capability open platform, which ensures the security of micro-service communication and the safety and efficient transmission of data.
Research on unmanned driving path planning algorithm based on Robot Operating System
Authors: Zheng Xinwang , Liang Chen , Huang Yixin , Li Bing , Yang Guangsong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With the rapid development of communication and computer technology In recent years, automatic driving has attracted much attention. By using path planning technology, the AV can automatically find an optimal path to the destination while avoiding obstacles, so as to reduce transportation costs, improve driving efficiency, improve customer satisfaction and reduce traffic accidents, which is of important meaning to spurring the further development of intelligent transportation. Two algorithms of driverless path planning are studied, one is and the A* algorithm is for global path planning, another is the timed elastic band (TEB) algorithm for local path planning. Firstly, the direction of the exploration domain of the traditional A* algorithm is improved by adding an exploration domain to smooth the planned path.t. Secondly, some parameters of the TEB algorithm are adjusted to make the car stay away from obstacles and run more safely. Finally, on the mobile robot platform equipped with ROS operating system, the hybrid path planning is realized by combining these two algorithms, and the simulation experiment under a real environment is carried out. Experiment results show that the proposed method can autonomously plan path and navigation smoothly.
Preparation of nano-magnesium oxide in ionic liquid by microwave irradiation
Authors: Chen Hukui , He Zhijun , Mu Xiaxia , Jiang Yu , Zhao Weixing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nano-MgO was prepared by microwave irradiated ionic liquid method. The influence of the volume of ionic liquid ([BMIM]Ac), microwave radiation power and microwave radiation temperature on the morphology of nano-MgO were investigated. The prepared nano-MgO was characterized by TG, XRD, EDS and SEM. The results showed that the nano-MgO prepared by this method has a short rod-like shape, uniform particle size, and good dispersibility. The average diameter of the prepared rod-shaped nano-MgO was 25 nm, the length was 67 nm, and the specific surface area was 48.27 m2/g. During the preparation process with microwave radiation, [BMIM]Ac is a good dispersant, which effectively reduces the agglomeration of nano-MgO and is easy to remove.
Effect of Au Coating on the Electrolytic Migration of Ag Bonding Wires for Electronic Packaging Applications
Authors: Xiao Yuchen , Tang Huiyi , Zhang Hehe , Sun Ling , Xie Yong , Wu Baoan , Xie Weidong , Cai Xinnan , Li Feng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ag-based bonding wires were generally accepted as the most promising material to substitute for Au bonding wires, however, the electrolytic migration concern of Ag limited its industrial application in electronic packaging, especially in ultra-fine pitch wire bonding. In the present study, the electrolytic migration behaviors of Au-coated Ag bonding wires and Ag wires were studied through water drop tests. The dendrites’ growth and morphology evolution were investigated by in-situ optical microscope observation and the microstructure of the cathodic and anodic bonding wires were characterized by scanning electron microscope test. It could be seen that when comparing Au-coated Ag bonding wires with Ag wires, the dendrite assembled by a large number of Ag nanoparticles grew much more slowly from cathode to anode. The Ag2O particle layer on the anodic wires was thinner, the dendrite contact time was delayed and the current densities at the dendrite contact time were much smaller when the Au coating layer exist. The above results show that Au coating could act as a barrier to inhibit electrolytic migration, which has contributed to electronic packaging applications of Au-coated Ag bonding wires.
Comparison of two different constitutive equations for hot deformation of AZ91 magnesium alloy
Authors: He Zhongtao , Xu Chun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
AZ91 magnesium alloy is usually processed by casting because of its high strength and poor plasticity. Therefore, it is difficult to adopt the conventional rolling method for processing. In order to improve its processing plasticity, the content of some alloying elements is changed based on their conventional composition. On this basis, this project researches its thermal processing behavior and establishes relevant models. Gleeble-1500D thermal simulator was used for operation, the experimental conditions were 300~400°C and the strain rate was 0.01~10°C/s, and compression capacity of 70%, self-developed hot compression simulation experiment of AZ91 magnesium alloy was carried out. The research results proved that the magnesium alloy is sensitive to strain rate. For the sake of better fit true stress-strain curve of AZ91 magnesium material, modified Arrhenius equation and modified peak stress equation was used for prediction. The results show that the modified peak stress equation fits well when the strain rate is low. However, the fitting effect is poor when strain rate is 10°C/s.
Influence of Co on the microstructure and mechanical properties of M42 high-speed steel
Authors: Wang Shunduo , Chen Yunbo , Pan Peng , Lin Zhenghua , Zuo Lingli 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
M42 high-speed steel (W2Mo9Cr4VCo8) is a kind of high cobalt super-hard high-speed steel (HSS), which is extensively used in various cutting tool materials, but because of the high price of cobalt, high cobalt HSS does not bring good economic benefits. In this thesis, the consequences of various cobalt contents (0.0%, 2.0%, 4.0%, 6.0%, 8.0%) on the organization and mechanical properties of M42 HSS have been studied. The microstructure of HSS was analyzed by OM, SEM, and EDS, and the Rockwell hardness test, impact toughness test, and flexural strength test were conducted. The results show that cobalt helps to increase the nucleation rate of eutectic carbide precipitation and hinder its growth during tempering of HSS and refine the size of eutectic carbide, and the tempering hardness can be maintained above 68 HRC when the cobalt content is 4%-8%; however, cobalt also significantly reduces the impact toughness of HSS, and each 2% increase in cobalt impact toughness decreases about 4 J·cm−2. From the point of view of cobalt savings, cobalt content of 4%, high-speed steel tempering hardness, impact toughness, and other mechanical properties can be at a higher level.
Preparation and properties of low odor UV cured coating
Authors: Liu Xuewen , Zhang Yingqiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Firstly, the urethane acrylate synthesized by IPDI and HEA was reacted with antioxidant 1010 in different proportions to prepare four kinds of macromolecular low odor monomers. Then a series of macromonomers and a macromolecular photo initiator, odorless reactive diluent, and odorless auxiliary were used to prepare a new odorless photocurable coating. The chemical structure of the macromonomer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The odor and properties of the coating film were tested. The results show that the macromolecular structure of the material can reduce the odor in the process of preparation and use and improve the properties of the material to a certain extent.
Changes to population-based emergence of climate change from CMIP5 to CMIP6
Authors: Douglas Hunter C , Harrington Luke J , Joshi Manoj , Hawkins Ed , Revell Laura E , Frame David J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model ensemble projects climate change emerging soonest and most strongly at low latitudes, regardless of the emissions pathway taken. In terms of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of average annual temperatures, these models project earlier and stronger emergence under the Shared Socio-economic Pathways than the previous generation did under corresponding Representative Concentration Pathways. Spatial patterns of emergence also change between generations of models; under a high emissions scenario, mid-century S/N is lower than previous studies indicated in Central Africa, South Asia, and parts of South America, West Africa, East Asia, and Western Europe, but higher in most other populated areas. We show that these global and regional changes are caused by a combination of higher effective climate sensitivity in the CMIP6 ensemble, as well as changes to emissions pathways, component-wise effective radiative forcing, and region-scale climate responses between model generations. We also present the first population-weighted calculation of climate change emergence for the CMIP6 ensemble, quantifying the number of people exposed to increasing degrees of abnormal temperatures now and into the future. Our results confirm the expected inequity of climate change-related impacts in the decades between now and the 2050 target for net-zero emissions held by many countries. These findings underscore the importance of concurrent investments in both mitigation and adaptation.
Corrigendum: Emergence of order in random languages (2019 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
52 504001)
Authors: De Giuli Eric 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
De Giuli (2019 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
52 504001) proposed a diagrammatic formulation of the random language model (RLM); explained why the model is dominated by saddle-points; and sought the solution to the disorder-averaged model by comparison to a simpler, solvable model. We discuss a hidden assumption of the latter analysis in De Giuli (2019 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
52 504001) that was neither explained nor motivated: the analytical solution to the Gaussian model, and its extension to the RLM, are predicated on a ‘downwards’ approximation that neglects information flow from the leaves to the root of derivation trees.