bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar and Stellar Flares: Frequency, Active Regions, and Stellar Dynamo
Authors: Katsova M. M. , Obridko V. N. , Sokoloff D. D. , Livshits I. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate that for weak flares the dependence of their frequency occurrence on spottedness can be rather weak. The fact is that such flares can occur in both small and large active regions. At the same time, powerful large flares of classes M and X occur much more often in large active regions. In energy estimates, the mean magnetic field in starspots can also be assumed to be equal to the mean field in the sunspot umbra. So the effective mean magnetic field is 900 Mx cm−2 in sunspots and 2000 Mx cm−2 in starspots. Moreover, the height of the energy storage cannot be strictly proportional to A
1/2. For stars, the fitting factor is an order of magnitude smaller. The analysis of the occurrence rate of powerful solar X-ray flares of class M and X and superflares on stars shows that, with allowance for the difference in the spottedness and compactness of active regions, both sets can be described by a single model. Thus, the problem of superflares on stars and their absence on the Sun is reduced to the problem of the difference in the effectiveness of the dynamo mechanisms.
The Physical Properties of Massive Green Valley Galaxies as a Function of Environments at 0.5 < z < 2.5 in 3D-HST/Candels Fields
Authors: Chang Wenjun , Fang Guanwen , Gu Yizhou , Lin Zesen , Lu Shiying , Kong Xu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To investigate the effects of environment in the quenching phase, we study the empirical relations for green valley (GV) galaxies between overdensity and other physical properties (i.e., effective radius r

e
, Sérsic indices n, and specific star formation rate (sSFR)). Based on five 3D-HST/CANDELS fields, we construct a large sample of 2126 massive (M
⋆ > 1010
M
☉) GV galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2.5 and split it into the higher overdensity quarter and the lower overdensity quarter. The results shows that GV galaxies in denser environments have higher n values and lower sSFR at 0.5 < z < 1, while there is no discernible distinction at 1 < z < 2.5. No significant enlarging or shrinking is found for GV galaxies in different environments within the same redshift bin. This suggests that a dense environment would promote the growth of bulges and suppress star formation activity of GV galaxies at 0.5 < z < 1.5 but would not affect the galaxy size. We also study the dependence of the fraction of three populations (blue cloud, GV, and red sequence) on both environments and M
⋆. At a given M
⋆, blue cloud fraction goes down with increasing environment density, while red sequence fraction is opposite. For the most massive GV galaxies, a sharp drop appears in the denser environment. Coupled with the mass dependence of three fractions in different redshift bins, our result implies that stellar mass and environments jointly promote the quenching process. Such a dual effect is also confirmed by recalculating the new effective GV fraction as the number of GV galaxies over the number of nonquiescent galaxies.
Star Formation Suppression by Tidal Removal of Cold Molecular Gas from an Intermediate-redshift Massive Post-starburst Galaxy
Authors: Spilker Justin S. , Suess Katherine A. , Setton David J. , Bezanson Rachel , Feldmann Robert , Greene Jenny E. , Kriek Mariska , Lower Sidney , Narayanan Desika , Verrico Margaret 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Observations and simulations have demonstrated that star formation in galaxies must be actively suppressed to prevent the formation of overly massive galaxies. Galactic outflows driven by stellar feedback or supermassive black hole accretion are often invoked to regulate the amount of cold molecular gas available for future star formation but may not be the only relevant quenching processes in all galaxies. We present the discovery of vast molecular tidal features extending up to 64 kpc outside of a massive z = 0.646 post-starburst galaxy that recently concluded its primary star-forming episode. The tidal tails contain (1.2 ± 0.1) × 1010
M
⊙ of molecular gas, 47% ± 5% of the total cold gas reservoir of the system. Both the scale and magnitude of the molecular tidal features are unprecedented compared to all known nearby or high-redshift merging systems. We infer that the cold gas was stripped from the host galaxies during the merger, which is most likely responsible for triggering the initial burst phase and the subsequent suppression of star formation. While only a single example, this result shows that galaxy mergers can regulate the cold gas contents in distant galaxies by directly removing a large fraction of the molecular gas fuel, and plausibly suppress star formation directly, a qualitatively different physical mechanism than feedback-driven outflows.
Design and synthesis of some novel triazine-tyrosine hybrids as potential agents for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Saeidi Sajjad , Asadi Parvin , Hassanzadeh Farshid , Aliomrani Mehdi , Khodarahmi Ghadam Ali 
Published: August 2022

Background and purpose:
One of the most noteworthy methods to slow down multiple sclerosis (MS) progress is a decrease of lymphocyte cells via S1P1 receptor modulating. Here, a series of S1P1 receptor modulators were designed and investigated for their ability to decrease lymphocytes in a rat model.

Experimental approach:
Molecular docking was performed to compare the binding mode of desired compounds 5a-f with fingolimod to the active site of the S1P1 receptor, theoretically. To prepare desired compounds, 5a-f, cyanuric chloride was reacted with different amines, a-f, which then converted to 4a-f compounds through reaction with N-boc-Tyr-OMe ester. Finally, deprotection of the carboxyl and amino groups was carried out to obtain 5a-f as final products. Lymphocyte counting in the rat model was carried out using flow cytometry to evaluate the efficacy of the suggested compounds.

Findings / Results:
All compounds exhibited lower binding energy than fingolimod. Compound 5e with ΔG= -8.10 kcal/mol was the best compound. The structure of the compounds was confirmed spectroscopically. The in vivo study proved that compounds 5b and 5a decreased the lymphocytes level at 0.3 and 3 mg/kg, respectively.

Conclusion and implications:
The desired compounds were well fitted in the receptor active site following molecular docking studies. The results of lymphocyte count revealed that compounds 5a and 5b with propyl and ethyl substitutes showed the maximum activity in vivo. Finally, the results of the present project can be used for forthcoming investigations towards the design and synthesis of novel potential agents for MS treatment.
Extracted yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.) fiber counteracts adiposity, insulin resistance, and inflammation while modulating gut microbiota composition in mice fed with a high-fat diet
Authors: Santoso Putra , Maliza Rita , Rahayu Resti , Astrina Yunita , Syukri Firman , Maharani Septalian 
Published: August 2022

Background and purpose
Yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) is a potent medicinal plant exerting therapeutical effects against diseases. However, investigations on the health benefits of its fiber remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the potential of yam bean fiber (YBF) against a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic diseases, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis.

Experimental approach:
Adult male mice were assigned to four groups (8 each), namely a normal diet-fed group (ND), HFD-fed group, and HFD supplemented with YBF groups (HFD + YBF) at a dose of 2.5% and 10%, respectively. Treatments were implemented for ten weeks. Thereafter, indicators of metabolic diseases, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota composition were determined.

Findings / Results:
A dosage of 10% YBF significantly inhibited excessive body weight gain (2.3 times lower than HFD group) and white adipose tissue (WAT) mass (2.2 times lower than HFD group) while sustaining brown adipose tissue mass. YBF prevented malondialdehyde elevation, catalase activity reduction, and expression of the interleukin-6 increment (2.7 times lower than the HFD group) within the WAT. Furthermore, YBF sustained normoglycaemia, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity while precluding hyperinsulinemia. YBF modulated the gut microbiota community by increasing health-promoting microbiota including Lactobacillus reuteri, L. johnsonii, and inhibiting a pathogenic Mucispirillum sp. YBF prevented histopathology and inflammation of the colon.

Conclusion and implications:
YBF at the dose of 10% is proved to be useful in the prevention of diet-induced metabolic diseases, microbiota dysbiosis, and inflammation. Hence, YBF is recommended as a potential natural-based remedy to diminish the detrimental effects of high-fat foods.
Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity evaluation of novel indole-acylhydrazone derivatives of 4-pyridinone as potential histone deacetylase-2 inhibitors
Authors: Naghi-Ganji Niloofar , Saghaei Lotfollah , Tavakoli Farial , Azimian Vajihe , Mirian Mina , Sirous Hajar , Rostami Mahboubeh 
Published: August 2022

Background and purpose
Histone deacetylation is one of the essential cellular pathways in the growth and spread of cancer, so the design of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as anticancer agents is of great importance in pharmaceutical chemistry. Here, a series of indole acylhydrazone derivatives of 4-pyridone have been introduced as potential histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Experimental approach:
Seven indole-acylhydrazone-pyridinone derivatives were synthesized via simple, straightforward chemical procedures. The molecular docking studies were accomplished on HDAC2 compared to panobinostat. The cytotoxicity of all derivatives was studied on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines by MTT assay.

Findings / Results:
Molecular docking studies supported excellent fitting to the HADC2 active site with binding energies in the range of -10 Kcal/mol for all derivatives. All compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines; derivatives A, B, F, and G were the best candidates. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values on MCF-7 were below 25 mg/mL and much lower than those obtained on the MDA-MB-231 cell line.

Conclusion and implications:
The derivatives showed selectivity toward the MCF-7 cell line, probably due to the higher HDAC expression in the MCF-7 cell line. In this regard, debenzylated derivatives F and G showed slightly better cytotoxicity, which should be more studied in the future. Derivatives A, B, F, and G were promising for future enzymatic studies.
Ferula gummosa gum exerts cytotoxic effects against human malignant glioblastoma multiforme in vitro
Authors: Afshari Amir R. , Mousavi Seyed Hadi , Mousavi Golrokh , Moghadam Sanam Daneshpour , Maghrouni Abolfazl , Javid Hossein , Tayarani-Najaran Zahra , Bibak Bahram , Mollazadeh Hamid , Hosseini Azar 
Published: August 2022

Background and purpose

Ferula gummosa (F. gummosa), a potent medicinal herb, has been shown to possess anticancer activities in vitro. The present examination evaluated the cytotoxic and apoptogenic impacts of F. gummosa gum on the U87 glioblastoma cells.

Experimental approach:
MTT assay to determine the cell viability, flow cytometry by annexin V/FITC-PI to apoptosis evaluation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, and quantitative RT-PCR were performed.

Findings / Results:
The results revealed that F. gummosa inhibited the growth of U87 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner with IC50 values of 115, 82, and 52 μg/mL obtained for 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment, respectively. It was also identified that ROS levels significantly decreased following 4, 12, and 24 h after treatment. The outcomes of flow cytometry analysis suggested that F. gummosa induced a sub-G1 peak which translated to apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Further examination revealed that F. gummosa upregulated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and p53 genes at mRNA levels.

Conclusion and implications:
Collectively, these findings indicate that sub-G1 apoptosis and its related genes may participate in the cytotoxicity of F. gummosa gum in U87 cells.
Role of meditation in resilience and hope among students
Authors: Singh Abha , Modi Ritu 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Context:
Rising stress levels for students in the current era due to challenges such as competition and pressure to succeed are a cause for concern. Resilience and hope are two powerful weapons in the fight against these stress-related issues.

Aim:
The study's objective was to explore the role of goal meditation on resilience and hope among students.

Materials and Methods:
The study participants comprised college students aged 22–24 years from Kanpur, U.P., India. The purposive sampling method was used to draw samples. A pre[FIGURE DASH]post study design was used to test the role of meditation in resilience and hope, for which post data were collected 6 months after the imposition of intervention.

Statistical Analysis:
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed to analyze data.

Results:
Results indicated that resilience and hope increased in pre-and post-intervention measures, and there is a positive relationship between resilience and hope.

Conclusion:
Based on these results, it was inferred that goal meditation effectively enhances resilience and hope among students.
Effect of yoga on children with autism spectrum disorder in special schools
Authors: Shanker Sindhu , Pradhan Balaram 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Yoga as a holistic mind-body intervention is increasingly evaluated for the management of various autism symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methodology:
Forty-three children with ASD from 4 special schools were randomized into two groups, yoga group: 23 children and control group: 20 children. The yoga group received 12 weeks of yoga intervention in special schools.

Results:
Significant improvement in the yoga group was noted in the overall autism severity (P < 0.001) as reported by the parents in comparison to the control group.

Conclusion:
The findings of the study show that yoga can have a positive impact on the symptomatology of autism.
Evaluation of a brief universal suicide prevention programme in young people: a cluster-controlled trial in Swiss schools
Authors: Baggio Stéphanie , Nsingi Neslie , Kanani Abbas , Bourqui Loïc , Graglia Margot , Thélin Raphaël 
Published: August 2022

AIMS OF THE STUDY: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in young people. Therefore, suicide prevention in this age group is a public health priority. There is increasing evidence of the efficacy of suicide prevention programmes, but robust empirical studies are still needed. More precisely, data are needed for school-aged children, brief interventions and distal outcomes such as psychological distress or suicidal thoughts. In addition, to our knowledge, no study has yet scientifically evaluated a brief universal suicide prevention programme in Switzerland. This study investigated the efficacy and acceptability of a brief universal suicide prevention programme for school-aged youths. Primary outcomes included knowledge on suicide, perceived suicide awareness and knowledge of help-seeking resources. Secondary outcomes included acceptability coping skills, suicide-related behaviours and psychological distress.
METHODS: This non-randomised cluster-controlled trial was conducted in Swiss schools. A 90-minute workshop for universal suicide prevention was delivered to the intervention group (n = 209), and the control group had no intervention (n = 96). Measures were assessed at baseline and after one month. Acceptability was assessed at follow-up in the intervention group only. Data were analysed using three-level mixed effect models with an interaction term between group and time.
RESULTS: There were interaction effects between group and time for most outcomes: perceived suicide awareness (p <0.010), knowledge of help-seeking resources (p <0.001), coping planning (p = 0.039), suicidal ideation (p = 0.019) and psychological distress (p = 0.012). There were no interaction effects on suicide-related knowledge (p = 0.312) and coping for social support (p >0.388). Participants found the workshop enjoyable, not upsetting, and worthwhile.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that a brief suicide prevention programme could be beneficial and safe for school-aged youths. This brief programme may contribute to suicide prevention efforts.
Difficulties in diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 myocarditis in an adolescent
Authors: Callegari Alessia , Klingel Karin , Kelly-Geyer Janet , Berger Christoph , Geiger Julia , Knirsch Walter 
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVES: We present an adolescent with cardiogenic shock due to ventricular tachycardia 2 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Acute myocarditis or myocardial dysfunction is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but diagnosis may be difficult, even including endomyocardial biopsy.
CASE REPORT: A 15-year-old healthy adolescent was admitted to our hospital 2 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection with cardiogenic shock due to ventricular tachycardia. After cardioversion, antiarrhythmic treatment, ventilation, and inotropic support, the severely reduced myocardial function recovered completely within 2 weeks. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and cardiac catheterisation including right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy revealed an increased number of CD68+ macrophages in the myocardium, but nested (RT-) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) investigations revealed no viral or bacterial DNA/RNA.
DISCUSSION: SARS-CoV-2 infection may be associated with myocarditis leading to life-threatening arrhythmia and severe myocardial systolic and diastolic dysfunction, which may be short lasting and completely recover. Although former SARS-Cov-2 infection might suggest SARS-CoV-2-associated myocarditis, definite histological diagnosis including nested PCR investigations remains difficult.
Program Bina Santri Lapas Dompet Dhuafa Berbasis Spiritual di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Cikarang Bekasi
Authors: Siti Munawati , Rosbandi  , Abdul Azizi  
Published: August 2022

BSL (Bina santri Lapas) merupakan program Dompet Dhuafa dibawah naungan LPM (Lembaga Pelayanan Masyarakat) yang memberikan kontribusi empati kepada warga binaan di Lapas melalui pembinaan rohani berbasis spiritual dan memberikan motivasi hidup yang lebih baik untuk bekal kembali ke masyarakat. Melalui program pembinaan spiritual BSL dapat menguatkan spirit dan semangat belajar untuk mendalami agama di Lapas Kelas II A Cikarang Bekasi dengan bimbingan langsung seorang relawan Dompet Dhuafa dengan dzikir yang dilakukan bersama-sama membaca istighosah dan asmaul Husna sebagai obat suci mengantarkan pada bimbingan langsung mendekat kepada Allah SWT. Bimbingan spriritual dzikir bersama dilakukan dipembukaan pembelajaran dilanjutkan kajian materi yang dilaksanakan secara reguler setiap dua kali perminggu. Bimbingan dzikir diharapkan dapat memberikan efek menguatkan batin dan ketenangan hati serta dapat menyadari kesalahannya untuk memperbaiki diri, dan tidak mengulangi tindak pidana lagi. Penyampaian materi bahan ajar supaya terarah serta berciri khas Lapas meliputi silabus dari model pengembangan kurikulum yang di buat oleh Program BSL Dompet Dhuafa. Penulisan ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif di mana program Bina Santri Lapas Dompet Dhuafa berbasis spiritual merupakan metode penelitian yang berisi paparan adanya bimbingan rohani agama Islam. Dan metode ini memerlukan analisa yang menggunakan data primer dan skunder dengan prosedur pengumpulan datanya berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi.
R-SFCL and RRCOCS-TVC Based Cooperative Control for Enhancing LVRT Capability of DFIG System
Authors: Khan Md Sabbir Haider , Mallik Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: August 2022

For the extraction of wind energy through a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), low voltage ride through (LVRT) is an essential technical requirement specified by the transmission system operator (TSO). Under a grid fault condition, DFIG should remain in connection with the grid for a certain minimum period and offer reactive power support as required by the TSO. A cooperative control scheme consisting of hardware solution through a superconducting resistance type fault current limiter (R-SFCL) and software solution constructed on the rotor reference current orientation control strategy (RRCOCS) with transient voltage control (TVC), is proposed in this paper to address the LVRT requirement. In the proposed control strategy, RRCOCS will limit the rotor current directly during a fault condition. The reactive power needs to be generated during fault to maintain grid code which is achieved through TVC. At the same time, improvement of stator terminal voltage, as well as suppression of stator current, is achieved by R-SFCL. The suppression of stator current by R-SFCL is also transformed to the rotor side aiding the rotor current limiting. The proposed cooperative scheme’s performance is simulated and tested on a 9 MW grid-connected DFIG wind system. The results obtained by the proposed strategy are compared with RRCOCS and RRCOCS-TVC.
HIGHLIGHTS

Independent software and hardware LVRT methods fail under severe faults and strict grid codes
Software methods are challenged by current suppression and voltage support limits while the hardware methods involve high costs and undergo high thermal stress
A cooperative LVRT can overcome the challenges and limitations associated with these independently deployed methods. The proposed R-SFCL device, in cooperation with RRCOCS-TVC, successfully meets the grid codes, and the transient behavior of the system's electrical and mechanical variables gets improved
The proposed scheme helps reduce R-SFCL resistance, reduces its thermal stress, brings cost reduction in R-SFCL design, and improves its recovery characteristics. The listed improvement in R-SFCL can prevent the system from overcompensation and the adverse effects of recurring faults

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
EKONOMI TEKNIK PADA BENGKEL PERMESINAN DAN LAS (Studi Kasus Bengkel Las “Sumber Rejeki” Kota Pekalongan)
Authors: Edi Purnomo Djauhar , Pujiono Akhmad 
Published: August 2022

Bengkel Permesinan dan Las “ Sumber Rejeki ” merupakan salah satu bengkel di Kota Pekalongan yang bergerak dibidang permesinan dan pengelasan, salah satu produk yang dihasilkan seperti pagar rumah, kanopi, jendela, pintu dan sebagainya. Pembuatan produk pada usaha ini sudah menggunakan mesin-mesin perkakas diantaranya mesin gerinda, mesin potong, mesin bor, inverter las. Masa produktif dari mesin perkakas tersebut kurang lebih sekitar 5 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui studi kelayakan pada usaha bengkel permesinan dan las dilihat dari sisi ekonomi teknik. Hal ini dilakukan untuk menghindari resiko kerugian, mempermudah perencanaan, memudahkan pelaksanaan pekerjaan, memudahkan pengawasan serta memudahkan pengendalian. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi biaya produksi, harga pokok produksi, titik impas dan kelayakan usaha yang meliputi Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio Analysis (Net B/C), dan Payback Period (PBP). Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi pada umur proyek lime tahun didapatkan biaya produksi sebesar Rp. 353.958.166 / bulan, Harga Pokok Produksi (HPP) sebesar Rp. 29.496.513/unit, nilai titik impas sebesar 10 unit produk/bulan, NPV sebesar Rp. 267.042.991/tahun, Net B/C sebesar1,02 dan PBP selama 4 bulan.