bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequalities in maternal healthcare use in Sierra Leone: Evidence from the 2008–2019 Demographic and Health Surveys
Authors: Tsawe Mluleki , Susuman A Sathiya 
Published: October 2022

Background
Sierra Leone is one of the countries with poor health outcomes. The country has made some progress in the uptake of maternal health services. Despite improvements in the national coverage rates, there is no evidence of how equal these improvements have been.

Objective
To estimate inequalities in maternal healthcare use in Sierra Leone.

Methods
Using cross-sectional study data from 2008, 2013, and 2019 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), we study inequalities in maternal health services by computing rate ratios, and concentration indices (as well as concentration curves) using selected inequality stratifiers such as household wealth index, maternal education, and rural/urban place of residence.

Results
We found that considerable progress has been made in increasing the uptake of maternal health services as well as reducing inequalities over time. We also found that inequalities in the selected health indicators favoured women from wealthy households, educated women, as well as women from urban areas. Although inequalities declined over time, the use of delivery services was highly unequal. However, of the selected health interventions, the use of four or more antenatal visits was almost at perfect equality in 2013 and 2019.

Conclusion
Although efforts have been made to increase the use of maternal healthcare services among women with a lower socioeconomic status, the use of maternal health services remains favourable to women with a higher socioeconomic standing. Therefore, policy initiatives need to prioritise women of lower socioeconomic status through projects aimed at increasing women’s educational levels as well as focusing on poverty reduction.
Prevalence and associated factors of visual impairment among adult diabetic patients visiting Adare General Hospital, Hawassa, South Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Alemayehu Henok Biruk , Tegegn Melkamu Temeselew , Tilahun Mikias Mered 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundThe increased prevalence of visual impairment among diabetic patients has become a major public health problem. However, there was limited information on the extent of visual impairment among diabetic patients in our country, and there was no study in the study area. Providing updated data regarding this area is critical for the prevention of visual impairment among diabetic patients.PurposeThe study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of visual impairment among adult diabetic patients visiting Adare General Hospital, Hawassa, South Ethiopia, 2022.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on adult diabetic patients from May 30 to July 15, 2022, at Adare General Hospital, Hawassa, South Ethiopia. A systematic random sampling method was used to select 398 study participants. Data was collected through a face-to-face interview, a medical chart review, and an ocular examination. A binary logistic regression was performed to identify potential risk factors for visual impairment and their strength of association was expressed using an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Variables with a P-value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultIn this study, a total of 391 participants were involved, with a response rate of 98.2%. The prevalence of visual impairment was 28.6% (95% CI: 24.6–33.0). Age ≥ 60 years (AOR = 4.03, 95% CI: 1.72, 10.71), poor physical exercise (AOR = 3.26, 95% CI: 1.62, 6.53), poor glycemic control (AOR = 4.34, 95% CI: 2.26, 8.34), history of eye examination (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.50, 5.76), duration of diabetes ≥ 9 years (AOR = 4.78, 95% CI: 2.11, 10.83) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (AOR = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.21, 7.50) were positively associated with visual impairment.ConclusionThe study found a high prevalence of visual impairment among adult diabetic patients. Older age, longer duration of diabetes, poor physical exercise, poor glycemic control, history of eye examination, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy were significantly associated with visual impairment. Thus, regular physical activity, good control of glucose levels, and regular eye exams were recommended for all diabetic patients.
Associations of Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids With Colonic Transit, Fecal Bile Acid, and Food Intake in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Waseem Mohammed Rayyan , Shin Andrea , Siwiec Robert , James-Stevenson Toyia , Bohm Matthew , Rogers Nicholas , Wo John , Waseem Lina , Gupta Anita , Jarrett Megan , Kadariya Jhalka , Xu Huiping 
Published: October 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) correlate with colonic transit time (CTT) and may influence irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology. However, the clinical significance of fecal SCFAs, relationships between SCFAs and other metabolites (bile acids [BAs]), and real-time diet effects on SCFAs in IBS are uncertain. The aim was to evaluate fecal SCFA associations with IBS phenotype and mechanisms and explore effects of real-time diet.

METHODS:
We conducted a prospective observational study of fecal SCFA, BAs, and CTT in healthy controls (HCs) and participants with IBS. We compared study end points across groups, analyzed relationships between end points, and evaluated the discriminative ability of SCFAs. Diet effects were explored in participants with dietary data.

RESULTS:
Among 21 HCs and 43 participants with IBS, fecal SCFAs (total, individual) were inversely correlated with overall (all P < 0.01) and segmental (all P < 0.05) CTT; similar associations were observed within HC and IBS groups. The acetate-to-butyrate ratio correlated with slower overall and left CTT in all and in HCs (both P < 0.01). SCFAs (total, acetate) correlated with BAs (total, % primary) in all participants and in those with IBS with diarrhea. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated associations of acetate with slower transit (odds ratio = 0.988, P = 0.002) and BA diarrhea (BAD; odds ratio = 1.014, P = 0.001). Acetate accurately predicted delayed CTT (area under the receiving operating characteristic curve = 0.84) and BAD (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.79). Adjusting for diet strengthened correlations of total SCFAs with overall CTT (R = [−0.46], P = 0.04) and SCFAs with transverse CTT (all P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:
Fecal SCFAs correlate with CTT and fecal BAs and reliably exclude delayed CTT and BAD. Accounting for diet strengthens SCFA associations with transit.
„Rasse“ und Naturteleologie bei Kant
Authors: Mateo Marina Martinez , Stubenrauch Heiko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractImmanuel Kant is, famously, not only the major philosopher of European enlightenment, but also one of the first philosophers to develop a philosophical theory of “human races”. How do these two sides of Kant relate to each other? What is the significance of race in Kant’s philosophy? In this article, we aim to discuss these questions by taking (1st) a close look into the conceptual and philosophical presuppositions underlying Kant’s understanding of race; relating them (2nd) to the concept of teleology as developed by Kant in theCritique of Judgementand to the idea of natural history that can be derived from there. In the last two chapters (3rdand 4th), we intertwine both perspectives in such a way that, on the one hand, we can determine the philosophical significance of race for Kant, and, on the other hand, show how a race-sensible perspective gives new and critical insight into Kant’s concept of reason.
Rassismus in der Klassischen Deutschen Philosophie?
Authors: Hahmann Andree 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn Germany the voices calling for a critical discussion of racist ideas in the works of the so-called classics of philosophy are growing louder. So far, the focus has been primarily on Kant and Hegel, in whose works racist statements are easily detected. However, the role of these racist ideas in their respective systems remains unclear, and especially in the case of Kant, the question also arises whether Kant is the author of the statements at all. Moreover, the accusation itself is quite ambiguous both in terms of its premises and its subject matter. This paper aims to help clarify this debate. It is primarily concerned with Kant’s philosophy, which is, however, situated in the context of some of the central assumptions of the Enlightenment. It will be shown that racist claims result from crucial elements of Kant’s mature philosophical system.
Gentrificering og mytomani
Authors: Andersen Christian Steentofte 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInspired by contemporary urban sociology and spatial theory this article explores how Jan Sonnergaard in his novelFrysende våde vejbaner(2015) depicts and criticizes the gentrification of Copenhagen. I argue that Sonnergaard, through the main protagonist Jesper, demonstrates a double perception of the gentrified city, respectively an ‘excluded’ and an ‘included’ variant. Through this technique Sonnergaard firstly explores how the city has become a ‘non-place’ for those who do not have the capacities to participate in the new urban middleclass-culture and secondly what kind of social mechanisms that are at play within the same urban middleclass. The article concludes with a discussion of how the main character Jesper may also be ignorant of his own role as gentrifier due to his self-image as an urban bohemian, his idolizing of countercultural music and fiction, and his ownership of a flat in a housing cooperative.
Informalisierung, Deinstitutionalisierung, Politisierung
Authors: Krimmer Holger , Schubert Peter , Tahmaz Birthe 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die Entwicklung der deutschen Zivilgesellschaft in den letzten zwei bis drei Dekaden verbindet sehr unterschiedliche, auch scheinbar widersprüchliche Prozesse. Entwicklungen der Politisierung und Entpolitisierung überlagern sich genauso wie Entwicklungen des Wachstums des gemeinnützigen Sektors bei gleichzeitiger Schwächung der institutionellen Grundlagen durch eine tendenzielle Informalisierung von zivilgesellschaftlichem Engagement. Aufgrund dieser Überlagerung analysiert der Beitrag zivilgesellschaftlichen Wandel als Strukturwandel und bedient sich dazu quantitativer Längsschnittdaten von ZiviZ-Survey und Freiwilligensurvey. Neue Anforderungen und Fragen an Engagementpolitik und -forschung werden abschließend abgeleitet.
The relationship between color and mechanical properties of heat-treated wood predicted based on support vector machines model
Authors: Chen Shuang , Wang Jiapeng , Liu Yanxu , Chen Zhangjing , Lei Yafang , Yan Li 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Thermal modification or heat treatment can cause the loss of mechanical property of wood. In this study, Poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.) and spruce (Picea obies Mast.) were heat treated at 180, 200, and 220 °C for 2–10 h. Changes of color (L*, a* and b*) and mechanical strength including modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and shear strength after heat treatment were analyzed. Time-temperature superposition methods were used to quantify color and mechanical strength. The prediction models of MOR, MOE and shear strength were assessed with support vector regression model (SVR) based on color parameters. The trends of color change and mechanical strength after heat treatment were highly consistent. The values of apparent activation energy (E

a
) calculated from color parameters (110.6–187.2 kJ/mol) were identical to those from mechanical strengths (103.2–219.2 kJ/mol). Color parameters were used as input variables, and the MOE, MOR, and shear strength were output parameters in the established SVR model. Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) was found to be a kernel function for SRV model. Optimal hyperparameters in SVR model were obtained using cross-validation and grid search. The determination coefficients for MOE, MOR, and shear strength were 0.903, 0.835, and 0.865, respectively for poplar. The high correlation suggested that wood mechanical strength can be predicted non-destructively through measuring color parameters after heat treatment.
Bifurcation analysis of a new stochastic traffic flow model
Authors: Ai WenHuan , Tian RuiHong , Liu DaWei , Duan WenShan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The stochastic function describing the stochastic behavior of traffic flow in the process of acceleration or deceleration can better capture the stochastic characteristics of traffic flow. Based on this, we introduce the stochastic function into a high-order viscous continuous traffic flow model and propose a stochastic traffic flow model. Furthermore, we performed the bifurcation analysis of traffic flow system based on the model. Accordingly, the traffic flow problem is transformed into the stability analysis problem of the system, highlighting the unstable traffic characteristics such as congestion. The model can be used to study the nonlinear dynamic behavior of traffic flow. Based on this model, the existence of Hopf bifurcation and the saddle-node bifurcation is theoretically proved. And the type of the Hopf bifurcation is theoretically derived. The model can also be used to study the mutation behavior of system stability at bifurcation point. From the density space-time diagram of the system, we find that the system undergoes a stability mutation when it passes through the bifurcation point, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis results.
The Monetary Union of Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom – Its Operation, Fragmentation and Break-up
Authors: Decker Frank 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This article examines the monetary arrangements between Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom from the 1820s to the 1930s. It is argued that the three countries formed a monetary union for most of this period. A new analysis of inland and London exchange rates demonstrates that the union achieved a high degree of uniformity and stability, and that an international branch network of competing, private banks could successfully integrate vastly different geographic and economic areas. It is shown that the union’s break-up in the 1930s was the result of a political decision to create separate and devalued Australian and New Zealand currencies in order to mitigate some of the impacts of the Great Depression. International lending of last resort only played a limited role and helped to fix exchanges between the newly separated currencies after 1932.
O.M.W. Sprague (the Man Who “Wrote the Book” on Financial Crises) meets the Great Depression
Authors: Rockoff Hugh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
When the Great Depression struck the United States, O.M.W. Sprague was America’s foremost expert on financial crises. His History of Crises under the National Banking System is a frequently cited classic. Had he diagnosed a banking panic and called for an aggressive response by the Federal Reserve, it might have made a difference; but he did neither. Sprague’s misdiagnosis had, I argue, two causes. First, the crisis lacked the symptoms of a panic, such as high interest rates in the New York money market, which Sprague had identified from his studies of previous crises. Second, Sprague’s macro-economic ideas led him to conclude that increasing the stock of money would be of little help once a depression was underway. Sprague’s main concern was that abandoning the gold standard would intensify the crisis, a concern that led him to resign his position as advisor to the U.S. Treasury to protest Roosevelt’s gold policy.
Np(V) dicyanamide complexes with electroneutral N-donor ligands
Authors: Grigoriev Mikhail S. , Charushnikova Iraida A. , Fedoseev Alexandr M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Three new complexes of Np(V) dicyanamide with electroneutral N-donor ligands have been synthesized and structurally characterized: two with terpyridine derivatives: [(NpO2)(Cl-Terpy)(DMA)(N(CN)2)]·0.5DMA (1), [(NpO2)(TPTZ)(N(CN)2)(H2O)]·2H2O·CH3OH (2) and a dimeric complex with bipyridine [(NpO2)(Bipy)(N(CN)2)(H2O)]2·2(CH3OH) (3). In compounds 1–3, the coordination polyhedra of Np atoms are pentagonal bipyramids with “yl” oxygen atoms in apical positions. The equatorial plane of the bipyramids is formed by nitrogen atoms of the anions [N(CN)2]− and N-donor electroneutral ligands (Cl-Terpy, TPTZ, Bipy) and the oxygen atom of water molecule (1, 3) or DMA (2). In compounds 1 and 2, the [N(CN)2]− anions manifest themselves as monodentate ligands, and in compound 3 dicyanamide is a bidentate-bridging ligand.
Die unklare Beziehung von Normakzeptanz und Sanktionsrisikobeurteilung. Gerechtigkeitsglaube oder moralfestigende Normverdeutlichung?
Authors: Hirtenlehner Helmut 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegende rechtssoziologische Untersuchung bemüht sich um eine empirische Klärung des Beziehungsverhältnisses von Normakzeptanz und Sanktionsrisikobeurteilung. Querschnittskorrelationen auf Befragungsdatenbasis zeigen regelmäßig, dass eine gehobene Normanerkennung von einer größeren Sanktionsrisikoeinschätzung begleitet wird, sagen aber nichts über die kausale Richtung der Verbindung. Der Verinnerlichungsgrad einer Rechtsnorm kann sowohl Ursache als auch Ergebnis der perzipierten Sanktionierungswahrscheinlichkeit sein. Ersteres lässt sich mit Blick auf den „Just World Fallacy“, Letzteres im Sinne der positiven Generalprävention argumentieren. Die Ergebnisse einer Längsschnittbefragung junger Menschen enthüllen, dass Normakzeptanz und Sanktionsrisikobeurteilung in einer reziproken Beziehung stehen. Panelmodelle mit kreuzverzögerten Effekten bestätigen, dass eine größere Sanktionsrisikoeinschätzung eine höhere Normanerkennung hervorbringt und eine gehobene Normakzeptanz zu einer Höherbewertung der Sanktionierungsrisiken führt. Der Einfluss der wahrgenommenen Sanktionierungschancen auf die dispositionelle Normbindung wird als vorläufiger Beleg für eine partielle Wirksamkeit der positiven Generalprävention gedeutet.
The Effect of External Dissociative Stimuli on Plank Duration Performed by Male Collegiate Soccer Players
Authors: D'Agata Michele N. , Staub Jason P. , Scavone Daniel J. , Kane Gregory M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
D'Agata, MN, Staub, JP, Scavone, DJ, and Kane, GM. The effect of external dissociative stimuli on plank duration performed by male collegiate soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—Individuals commonly use music as an external auditory stimulus to divert their attention away from aerobic endurance exercise tasks. Music generally results in lower ratings of perceived exertion, which may be the mechanism by which it increases aerobic exercise task duration. However, less is known regarding how music affects the performance of other forms of exercise, such as isometric exercise. Moreover, the effects of different external stimuli on isometric task duration, such as the use of virtual reality (VR), have yet to be investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-selected music (SSM) and VR on isometric exercise task duration using a forearm plank. We hypothesized that both SSM and VR would effectively increase plank duration compared with no external stimuli. Seventeen male collegiate soccer players (19 ± 1 year) completed 3 planks to failure on 3 separate days, with 48–72 hours between the trials. The ordering of each exercise condition (SSM, VR, or None) was randomized for a total of 6 potential orders. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences in plank duration and average heart rate (HRavg) between each trial, and significance was set at p < 0.05. There were no differences in plank duration (SSM: 200 ± 44, VR: 173 ± 38, None: 177 ± 37 seconds) or HRavg (SSM: 96 ± 18, VR: 92 ± 21, None: 87 ± 18 beats per minute) between the conditions. We conclude that there was no effect of external stimuli (SSM or VR) on isometric exercise task duration and the use of these modalities should be based on exerciser preference.
Foam Rolling Acute Effects on Myofascial Tissue Stiffness and Muscle Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Glänzel Marcelo H. , Rodrigues Deivid R. , Petter Gustavo N. , Pozzobon Daniel , Vaz Marco A. , Geremia Jeam M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Glänzel, MH, Rodrigues, DR, Petter, GN, Pozzobon, D, Vaz, MA, and Geremia, JM. Foam rolling acute effects on myofascial tissue stiffness and muscle strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—Foam rolling (FR) is widely used in rehabilitation and physical training. However, the effects of FR on myofascial tissue stiffness and muscle strength remain unclear. This study aimed to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis of trials that tested the FR acute effects during warm-up on the myofascial tissue stiffness and muscle strength in healthy adults or athletes. This systematic review (CRD42021227048) was performed according to Cochrane's recommendations, with searches performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PEDro databases. Syntheses of included studies' data were performed, and the PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach. Twenty included studies assessed trunk and thigh fascial tissue stiffness, and thigh and calf muscle stiffness, whereas muscle strength was assessed in the knee extensors and flexors, and plantar flexors muscles. Qualitative analysis showed decreases in fascial (n = 2) and muscle (n = 5) stiffness after FR. However, the meta-analysis showed no effects of FR on myofascial tissue stiffness. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses showed no effects of FR on isometric muscle strength, eccentric torque, and rate of force development. However, the knee extensor concentric torque increased after FR. Foam rolling increases the knee extensor concentric torque, but it does not acutely change the myofascial tissue stiffness and isometric muscle strength. However, evidence of these studies provides low certainty to state that FR does not change these parameters. Therefore, high methodological quality studies should be performed to better ascertain the effects of FR on the myofascial tissue stiffness and muscle strength.
BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IN THE NORTH OF BRAZIL
Authors: Fernandes Ramos Daniela , Alves Tavares Lucas , Verônica Nunez Cecília , Corrêa Costa Reinaldo , Antônio Dellagostin Odir , Eduardo Almeida da Silva Pedro 
Published: October 2022

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is an infectious disease worldwide distributed, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, which affects cattle and other animals, including humans. In Brazil, BTB is endemic and causes economic losses by reducing the productivity of livestock and loss of carcasses in the slaughterhouses. Molecular epidemiology has been used as a tool for the investigation of M. bovis transmission and dynamic of this disease. Herein, we studied 99 samples of lymph nodes obtained from animals (with or without suggestive lesion) slaughtered in the Northern region of Brazil. We evaluated the presence of M. bovis through microscopy techniques, culture in Stonebrinck medium and molecular identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. In addition, two genotyping methods (Spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR) were used in order to identify the genotypic profile of these strains. Out of 99 retropharyngeal lymph nodes collected, only ten clinical samples were amplified using PCR technique, and were considered positive to M. bovis. These samples were further investigated using molecular analysis of the combination of spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR, and it was possible to identify eight different patterns. Only one spoligotype, majority among the samples tested (40%), had already been identified in the database (SIT523). Through the epidemiological identification of these strains, it is possible to investigate the dynamic transmission of the disease, which is an essential part of more specific and effective control of diseases such as tuberculosis.