bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Application of Remote Sensing Technology in Forestry Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Tian Qimin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Forests absorb a great deal of carbon from the atmosphere every year and are strategically important for climate change mitigation. To better analyze the carbon sequestration value of forests, We established a carbon sequestration model. A net ecosystem productivity remote sensing map model was established based on the remote sensing idea of spatial informatics, which was used to measure the carbon sequestration capacity of forests. In addition, we measured the carbon sequestration of forests on each continent during the decade from 2003 to 2012, and compared the results to summarize the characteristics of good forest management. In order to better study the change of forest carbon sequestration over time and optimize the forest management plan, we selected the Greater Khingan Mountains in China as the research object. The Grey Prediction Model was established to predict the carbon sequestration model of the forest in the next 100 years. The results showed that Greater Khingan Mountains forest could sequestrate 167,996,510.3t/a carbon in the next 100 years.
Lp-minimal solutions of BDSDEs with left continuous and stochastic linear growth coefficients and p in (1,2)
Authors: OWO Jean Marc 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this work, we investigate backward doubly stochastic differential equations. We derive via suitable approximation and comparison theorem, existence of minimal solution in L p sense, for any p in (1,2), when the coefficients are left continuous with stochastic linear growth.
Environmental impacts and carbon capture potential of ocean alkalinity enhancement
Authors: Fakhraee Mojtaba , Li Zijian , Planavsky Noah , Reinhard Christopher 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Minimizing anthropogenic climate disruption in the coming century will likely require both deep and rapid cuts to greenhouse gas emissions and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from Earth’s atmosphere. Ocean alkalinity enhancement — the modification of surface ocean chemistry to drive marine uptake of atmospheric CO2 — is seen as a potentially significant component of ocean-based CDR portfolios. However, there has been limited mechanistic exploration of the large-scale CDR potential of ocean alkalinity enhancement, potential bottlenecks in alkalinity release, and the biophysical impacts of alkaline mineral feedstocks on marine ecology and the ocean’s biological carbon pump. Here we use a hierarchy of models to evaluate the CDR potential and environmental impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement using mineral feedstocks. We find that natural alkalinity sources lead to very low CDR efficiency while strongly perturbing food quality and fecal pellet production by marine zooplankton. Artificial alkalinity sources are potentially capable of significant CDR with reduced environmental impact, but their deployment at scale faces major challenges associated with substrate limitation and process CO2 emissions during feedstock production. Taken together, our results highlight distinct challenges for ocean alkalinity enhancement as a CDR strategy and indicate that mineral-based ocean alkalinity enhancement should be pursued with caution.
FZD7 accelerates hepatic metastases in pancreatic cancer by strengthening EMT and stemness associated with TGF-β /SMAD3 signaling
Authors: Zhang Zhongbo , Xu Yuanhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Immunohistochemical assay of pancreatic cancer samples resected by surgery showed that most pancreatic cancer samples were positive for expression of Frrizled receptor 7 (FZD7). Follow-up studies indicated that a high level of FZD7 was associated with earlier hepatic metastasis. We believe that early metastasis was related to the high expression of FZD7, as bioinformatics analysis and western blotting assays demonstrated that FZD7 level had a significant positive correlation with mesenchymal phenotype expression, and EMT is currently believed to be the biological basis of cancer cells leaving the primary tumor, invading the circulatory blood, and reaching distant organs. We then performed experiments involving downregulation and upregulation of the expression of FZD7 using siRNA, and confirmed that high levels of FZD7 could promote pancreatic cell migration and invasion abilities in Wound healing and Transwell experiments. Moreover, after the knockdown of FZD7, the spheroid-forming ability of pancreatic cancer cells decreased during the spheroid-forming culture process, and the percentage of CD24 + CD44 + cells reflecting the CSC subset was also reduced. The migration and invasion abilities of spheroid-forming cells were also stronger than those of normal cells adherently cultured, and spheroid-forming cells expressed higher levels of mesenchymal phenotype. Therefore, we believe that the earlier hepatic metastasis of pancreatic cancer is associated with high FZD7 expression, as FZD7 can promote the EMT and stemness of pancreatic cancer cells. Besides that, TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway participate in the biology function of FZD7 in pancreatic cancer.
Air-ground Trajectory Tracking for Discrete-Time Autonomous Mobile Robot Based on Model Predictive Hybrid Tracking Control and Multiple Harmonics Time-varying Disturbance Observer
Authors: Xiong Shixun , Chen Mengting , Wei Ziqiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper studies a model predictive hybrid tracking control scheme under a multiple harmonics time-varying disturbance observer for a discrete-time dynamics nonholonomic autonomous mobile robot (AMR) with external disturbance. To solve the robust tracking control problem of the AMR and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) air-ground cooperative, a hybrid tracking control strategy combined with improved model predictive control (MPC) method and multiple harmonics time-varying disturbance observer is presented. Firstly, a time-varying air-ground cooperative tracking control model based on the nonholonomic constraints AMR and quadrotor is established by polar coordinate transformation. Secondly, for external disturbances estimating and solving in practical engineering, a discrete-time multiple harmonics time-varying disturbance observer is designed. A hybrid tracking control scheme of the AMR based on the estimated states and MPC method with kinematics constraints is proposed, and a relaxing factor is designed to restrain the jump phenomenon of the MPC increment. Finally, experimental results are shown the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Molecular composition of soil organic matter (SOM) regulate qualities of tobacco leaves
Authors: Zhai Xu , Zhang Long , Wu Ruofan , Wang Mei , Liu Yanxiang , Lian Jiapan , Munir Mehr Ahmed Mujtaba , Chen Dan , Liu Lei , Yang Xiaoe 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) is of vital importance to soil health, and also plays a crucial role in the quality of the crops such as tobacco. However, the link between tobacco quality and SOM chemical compositions is still not well understood. To fill the information gap, we analyzed the quality of tobacco leaves and the corresponding SOM molecular compositions by electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS), that were collected from six different sites in Bijie, Guizhou Province, China. The tobacco quality varied in six sites based on their chemical compositions. SOM compounds had a remarked impact on the quality of tobacco leaves and a distinct difference in SOM composition between low-quality and high-quality tobacco leaves was observed as well. Specifically, 105 common molecular formulas were detected in three SOM compounds of high-quality tobacco, which were more than those in low-quality samples. Although amino sugar, proteins, lipids, tannins, and carbohydrates had a collective influence on the chemical composition of tobacco leaves, the effect contributed by amino sugar and tannins was more prominent. In summary, fully understanding the association between tobacco chemical composition and SOM compounds can provide new insight into the regulation of tobacco quality and the sustainable development of agriculture.
Similar mechanisms of temporary bindings for identity and location of objects in healthy ageing: An eye-tracking study with naturalistic scenes
Authors: D’Innocenzo Giorgia , Sala Sergio Della , Coco Moreno I. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The ability to maintain visual working memory (VWM) associations about the identity and location of objects decrease with age. To date, however, this age-related difficulty was mostly observed in artificial visual contexts (e.g., object arrays), and so it is unclear whether it may manifest in naturalistic contexts, and in which ways. In this eye-tracking study, 26 younger and 24 healthy older adults were asked to detect changes on a critical object situated in a photographic scene (192 in total), about its identity (the object becomes a different object but maintains the same position), location (the object only changes position) or both (the object changes in location and identity). Aging was associated with a lower change detection performance. A change in identity was harder to detect than a location change, and performance was best when both features changed, especially in younger adults. Eye movements displayed minor differences between age groups (e.g., shorter saccades in older adults) but were similarly modulated by the type of change. Latencies to the first fixation were longer and the amplitude of incoming saccades larger when the critical object changed in location. Once fixated, the target object was inspected for longer when it only changed in identity compared to location. Our findings suggest that, even though aging results in lower performance, it does not selectively disrupt temporary bindings of object identity, location or their association in VWM, and highlight the importance of using naturalistic contexts to discriminate the cognitive processes that undergo detriment from those that are instead spared by aging.
Famotidine activates the vagus nerve inflammatory reflex to attenuate cytokine storm
Authors: yang huan , George Sam J , Thompson Dane - , Silverman Harold A , Tsaava Tea , Tynan Aisling , Pavlov Valentin A , Chang Eric , Andersson Ulf , Brines Michael , Chavan Sangeeta S , Tracey Kevin J 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background. Severe COVID-19 is characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokine release syndrome (cytokine storm) which causes high morbidity and mortality. Recent observational and clinical studies suggest famotidine, a histamine 2 receptor (H2R) antagonist widely used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease , attenuates the clinical course of COVID-19. Because evidence is lacking for a direct antiviral activity of famotidine, a proposed mechanism of action is blocking the effects of histamine released by mast cells. Here we hypothesized that famotidine activates the inflammatory reflex, a brain-integrated vagus nerve mechanism which inhibits inflammation via alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( α7nAChR ) signal transduction, to prevent cytokine storm. Methods. The potential anti-inflammatory effects of famotidine and other H2R antagonists was assessed in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine storm. As the inflammatory reflex is integrated and can be stimulated in the brain, and H2R antagonists penetrate the blood brain barrier poorly, famotidine was administered by intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intraperitoneal (IP) routes. Results. Famotidine administered IP significantly reduced serum and splenic LPS-stimulated tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 concentrations, significantly improving survival. The effects of ICV famotidine were significantly more potent as compared to the peripheral route. Mice lacking mast cells by genetic deletion also responded to famotidine, indicating the anti-inflammatory effects are not mast cell dependent. Either bilateral sub-diaphragmatic vagotomy or genetic knock-out of α7nAChR abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of famotidine, indicating the inflammatory reflex as famotidine’s mechanism of action. While the structurally similar H2R antagonist tiotidine displayed equivalent anti-inflammatory activity, the H2R antagonists cimetidine or ranitidine were ineffective even at very high dosages. Conclusions. These observations reveal a previously unidentified vagus nerve-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of famotidine in the setting of cytokine storm which is not replicated by high dosages of other H2R antagonists in clinical use. Because famotidine is more potent when administered intrathecally, these findings are also consistent with a primarily central nervous system mechanism of action.
The influence of cumulative fluid balance on volume status in patients with heart failure: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Wei-Yun Wang , Yan-Ling Huang , Yong-Feng Shao , Liu Chang-Hong , Yi-Fan Tang , Guo-Zhen Sun , Xiao-Hong Li , Ze-Juan Gu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To explore the influence of cumulative fluid balance (CFB) on volume status in patients with heart failure (HF).Methods: A total of 206 patients were enrolled and divided into groups of decreasing estimated plasma volume status (△ePVS(-)) (n=106) and increasing estimated plasma volume status(△ePVS(+)) (n=100), or groups of alleviated clinical congestion score(△CCS(-)) (n=86) and aggravated clinical congestion score(△CCS(+)) (n=120) according to the change of plasma volume and congestion status respectively. Data on patients’ general information and CFB at 1 to 7 days were compared between two pairs of groups respectively.Results: The incidence of positive CFB ranged from 65.53% to 74.76%, and cumulative volume (CV) were from (0.23±1.00)L to (2.36±5.46)L at 1 to 7 days. CV at 4 to 7 days in the △ePVS(+) and △CCS(+) groups were significantly higher than that in △ePVS(-) and △CCS(-) groups respectively. When CV at 4 to 7 days reached 2.308L, 3.361L, 3.625L, and 3.816L, the AUC of ePVS were 0.672, 0.722, 0.644, and 0.754, respectively (P＜0.05), while when CV reached 2.308L, 3.383L, 4.670L, and 4.622L, the AUC of CCS were 0.625, 0.696, 0.656, and 0.709, separately (P＜0.05). Conclusions: Patients with HF have a high incidence of positive CFB. CV at 4 to 7 days was an independent risk factor for △ePVS(+) and △CCS(+). It is suggested that the duration and volume of positive CFB should not exceed 3 days and 2.308L.
Longitudinal speed tracking control for a electric connected vehicle with actuator saturation subject to a replay attack
Authors: Li Xiang , Xu Xiangyang , Chen Lu , Zhang Hui , Ju Zhiyang , Guo Wei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a delay-tolerable and anti-windup control synthesis technique is proposed. Longitudinal speed tracking performed by an integrated electric drive (IED) system under the multi-domain constraints of network bandwidth and actuator saturation is investigated. An in-vehicle controller area network (CAN) connect to the Internet providing an interface for cyber attacks which exacerbate network congestion. In addition, the physical saturation characteristics of the electric drive motor sacrifice vehicle speed tracking performance. Based on above problems, a nominal controller satisfying energy-to-peak performance considering the attack-induced delays is designed. Then, an augmented closed-loop system is established including the nominal delay-tolerable controller and an anti-windup controller considering input saturation and random attack-induced delays. The nonlinear uncertainty caused by attack-induced delay is described by polytopic inclusion. Furthermore, the saturation non-linearity is convert to sector-bounded uncertainty solved by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) optimization. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to find the optimal anti-windup controller matrices. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method based on Matlab Simulink and hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) test platform are verified. The variation of speed tracking performance and oscillation damping capability under different attack energies is described.
Spatial distribution of drinking and irrigation water quality indices of Ghizer River and its tributaries, northern Pakistan
Authors: Haq Ayaz ul , Muhammad Said 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The present study examined water quality in the Ghizer River and its tributaries, Gilgit-Baltistan, northern Pakistan. Water samples (n=55) were collected from the Ghizer River and its tributaries and analyzed for physicochemical parameters. Water basic parameters and anions were measured using the multi-parameter analyzer (CONSORT 6030, Belgium) and cations by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS, AAnalyst 700, PerkinElmer, USA). Physiochemical parameters were noted to be within the drinking water permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO), except for pH (2%) and Turbidity (48%). Samples were assessed for water quality index (WQI) and irrigation water quality (IWQ) indices such as permeability index (PI), Kelley’s ratio (KR), sodium percent (Na%), magnesium hardness (MH), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonates (RSC), and salinity index (PS). This study revealed that the mean WQI values of Ghizer River and its tributaries were observed in the good category at midstream and downstream and noted excellent for upstream. Results of the majority of IWQ indices revealed that water is suitable for irrigation, except that of MH and PI. Gibbs plots showed that the majority of water samples in the Ghizer River and its tributaries were noted in the precipitation dominance zone and that of the Piper plot revealed the CaCl dominant hydrochemical facies.
Selection and optimization of circulating exosomal reference microRNAs for quantitative real-time PCR studies of porcine body fluids
Authors: Luo Jia , Pu Qiang , Wang Lin , Kang Guojun , Liu Changbao , Yang Changfeng , Huang Yongfu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Circulating exosomal miRNAs released into all body fluids have incredible functionality and stability. Their expression is associated with multiple pathological conditions, hence can be used as informative biomarkers when assessing and monitoring the body’s physiopathological status. However, there is no consensus on reference miRNAs for circulating exosomal reference and abundance normalization. The present study aimed to quantify 16 potential reference miRNAs in ten porcine body fluids using qRT-PCR. Further, their stability was quantified by combining multiple gold-standard statistical tools, including BestKeeper, GeNorm, and NormFinder. The identified miRNAs were comprehensively ranked. The top-ranked miRNA was recommended as the optimal reference miRNAs for data normalization. To identify more stable genes, the body fluids were assigned into three groups based on the collection point, they are in vivo (bile, bladder fluid, and gastric juice), in vitro (colostrum, ordinary milk, semen, and urine) and in the blood (UVBP, UABP and PBS). The most stable optimal circulating exosomal reference miRNAs in the body fluids were let-7b-5p (miR-93) in bile, miR-92a in bladder fluid, miR-93 in gastric juice, let-7b-5p in colostrum, miR-92a in ordinary milk and urine, miR-25 in semen, let-7b-5p in UVBP, miR-25 in UABP and U6 in PBS. Overall, miR-93, miR-451 (miR-92a), and miR-25 are the bona fide reference miRNA for qRT-PCR data normalization of body fluids in vivo, in vitro, and the blood, respectively. Across all body fluids, miR-451 was the most stable when determining the miRNA abundance in the circulating exosomes.
Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Training for Radiologists-in-Training: A Survey of Practice and Training Needs
Authors: Coman Leah M. , Cardell Elizabeth A. , Richards John A. , Mahon Amanda , Lawrie Melissa D. , Ware Robert S. , Weir Kelly A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: There is a lack of formal, published videofluoroscopic swallow study training targeting radiologists outside of the United States of America, yet radiology senior medical officers and resident medical officers (i.e., radiologists-in-training, known in Australia as “registrars”) are expected to be involved in videofluoroscopic swallow study interpretation of anatomical anomalies and reporting. This study investigated whether videofluoroscopic swallow study training is delivered to registrars during their specialist radiology training, whether it is a perceived need and, if so, to determine the desired content for inclusion in a targeted training package. Methods: A cross-sectional, mixed methods study design was used. An internet-based survey was circulated via snowball sampling to radiologists (both senior medical officers and registrars) and speech-language pathologists across Australia in October-November 2017. Surveys also were distributed to practitioners based in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, as they practised within similar health systems. The radiology survey contained 36 questions and the speech-language pathology survey contained 44 questions. Demographic data were analysed descriptively, and open-ended responses were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: 21 radiology senior medical officers and registrars and 150 speech-language pathologists predominantly based at Australian tertiary hospital settings completed the survey. Most respondents (90.6%) identified that videofluoroscopic swallow study training is needed for radiology registrars. Only one speech-language pathologist respondent reported that they deliver videofluoroscopic swallow study training for radiology registrars. Specific content and teaching modalities for a videofluoroscopic swallow study training package, including diagnosing anatomical anomalies associated with dysphagia were recommended. Conclusions: The radiologists and speech-language pathologists identified that targeted videofluoroscopic swallow study training is needed for radiology registrars to improve their effectiveness and engagement in videofluoroscopic swallow study clinics. This information will inform the development of a videofluoroscopic swallow study training package targeting radiology registrars to be piloted at an Australian tertiary hospital.