bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban coyotes select cryptic den sites near human development where conflict rates increase
Authors: Raymond Sage , St. Clair Colleen Cassady 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe establishment of coyote (Canis latrans) populations in urban areas across North America has been accompanied by increased rates of human–coyote conflict. One factor thought to promote physical conflict between coyotes and people or pets is the presence of coyote pups near natal dens; however, this idea has not been tested, and no multivariate study of den selection within cities has occurred. Our objectives were to conduct a multivariate analysis of third‐ (i.e., home range) and fourth‐order (i.e., den sites) habitat selection at dens and determine whether proximity to dens is associated with reports of physical conflict with coyotes. We found 120 dens by following coyote trails using snow tracking within urban green spaces that comprise presumed high‐quality habitat for coyotes in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. We used resource selection functions to assess habitat selection for dens, testing variables related to land cover and anthropogenic features at the third order, and testing microsite habitat features via paired sites at the fourth order. We defined conflict encounters from comments in a community reporting database and used general linear models to assess their spatial proximity to the nearest den and prevalence during the pup‐rearing period compared to the rest of the year. Habitat selection was strongest at the fourth order, wherein coyotes selected for abundant hiding cover, steep slopes, and eastern exposure. The prevalence of physical conflict with coyotes increased during the pup‐rearing period. Conflict also increased near known dens as an overall effect and when reports occurred outside of naturalized urban areas. These results suggest that coyotes in Edmonton den in green spaces near human development in microsites that minimize detection by people via steep slopes and dense vegetation. We suggest urban wildlife managers increase public safety education about recognition of coyote denning habitat and coyote defensive behaviors, especially outside of naturalized urban areas, because of the observed increase in physical conflict near dens.
On‐Demand Dynamic Polarization Meta‐transformer
Authors: Hu Qi , Chen Ke , Zhao Jianmin , Dong Shufang , Jiang Tian , Feng Yijun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPolarization is one of the key characteristics of light; hence its versatile manipulation plays a pivotal role in wave‐matter interaction, communication, detection, etc. Although metasurfaces have emerged as a promising platform for polarization optics, most of them only support limited polarization controls even in reconfigurable fashion. Here, an on‐demand dynamic polarization meta‐transformer operating for full Poincaré sphere by means of an ultrathin transmissive time‐varying metasurface is proposed. By temporally and independently modulating co‐polarized transmission coefficients of the metasurface for a pair of orthogonal linearly polarized incidence, the effective transmission metasurface anisotropy can be modified to mimic the desired arbitrary birefringence, thus enacting the polarization transformation between incidence and transmission waves with arbitrary polarization states. Experiments have been conducted in the microwave region to verify the design theory. This study may provide a new architecture in polarization optics and may advance the applications in vectorial polarimetry imaging, polarimetry radars, and optical/wireless communications.
Radial solutions for p‐Laplacian Neumann problems with gradient dependence
Authors: Pei Minghe , Wang Libo , Lv Xuezhe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe study the radial solutions of the p‐Laplacian Neumann problem with gradient dependence of the type
where is either a ball or an annulus, and . By using the topological transversality method together with the barrier strip technique, we obtain existence results of radial solutions to the above problem, where the nonlinearity f does not need to satisfy any growth restriction.
Analysis of factors affecting permanent clean intermittent catheterization and bladder function after primary neurosurgical repair of lipomyelomeningocele
Authors: Ji Yoonhye , Kim Sang Woon , Han Sang Won , Lee Yong Seung 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsThis study was conducted to identify potential risk factors for permanent clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and incontinence in patients with lipomyelomeningocele (LMMC) and evaluate how LMMC affects bladder function prognosis, measured by urodynamic (UD) score.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed the electronic health records of patients who underwent primary neurosurgical repair for LMMC at a single tertiary referral center between January 2012 and December 2016 and were followed at least 3 years after surgery. Data regarding bladder function were obtained from medical records for multiple time points, including before surgery, after surgery but before hospital discharge, 3 months after surgery, and at outpatient visits during follow‐up.ResultsThis study enrolled 120 patients. At a mean follow‐up of 62.6 ± 13.9 months after primary neurosurgical LMMC repair, 22 (18.3%) patients continued to require CIC for bladder emptying, only 7 (31.8%) of whom maintained bladder continence. A multivariate logistic regression model identified age at the time of surgery and the type of LMMC as significant presurgical prognostic risk factors for permanent CIC. In addition, postoperative urinary retention and a UD score greater than or equal to 5 measured 3 months after surgery were identified as significant postsurgical risk factors for permanent CIC and urinary incontinence. A linear mixed model adjusted for age at the time of surgery showed that patients with a transitional or chaotic LMMC type were more likely to experience gradual bladder function decline than patients with other LMMC types.ConclusionsThis study identified both presurgical (age at the time of surgery, LMMC type) and postsurgical (postoperative urinary retention, UD score greater than or equal to 5 at 3 months postsurgery) risk factors for permanent CIC and urinary incontinence. In addition, LMMC type was identified as a prognostic risk factor for bladder function decline. These results will enhance the current understanding of bladder function outcomes in patients who undergo surgical treatment for LMMC.
Study on optimal scheduling strategy of electric vehicles clusters in distribution power grid
Authors: Yin WanJun , Ming ZhengFeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn order to reduce the negative impact of disorderly charging of electric vehicles on the power grid, this article uses an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the electric vehicle charging model. With full consideration of various constraints, load variance, load peak‐valley difference, and the charging cost of electric vehicle users are taken as optimization targets. The simulation results show that the orderly charging control strategy proposed in this article realizes the peak‐shaving and valley‐filling of the grid, reduces load fluctuations, improves the performance of the grid, and improves the safety and reliability of grid operation. The method proposed in this article provides a reference for electric vehicle charging scheduling.
Towards the development of an optimized Decision Support System for the PV industry: A comprehensive statistical and economical assessment of over 35,000 O&M tickets
Authors: Lindig Sascha , Gallmetzer Sandra , Herz Magnus , Louwen Atse , Koumpli Elena , Sebastian Enriquez Paez Pablo , Moser David 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDue to the overall declining costs of photovoltaic systems, market players in the operation and maintenance sector are under increasing price pressure when offering their services. The automation and standardization of maintenance and failure tickets as well as their statistical and economical evaluation are key to ensure optimal yield and long lifetime. A thorough understanding of typical faults, classified through a standardized taxonomy, can be a pathway of developing location and technology specific decision support, offering cost‐time efficient solutions to reduce component downtime and costs in case of failure appearance. A useful method for this approach is the Cost Priority Number, a methodology to assess technical failures and their economic impact in energy systems. In this work, this method is further improved to be applied to individual use cases to make it useful in the actual operation of PV plants. A standardized ticket taxonomy for the operational phase of PV systems has been developed where more than 35,000 PV systems' tickets have been statistically evaluated, and a fully automated methodology to calculate the cost of individual maintenance tickets has been developed.
Group sleep intervention with adolescents attending a pupil referral unit using youth participation methodology: A report of the development of an intervention in practice
Authors: Carey Alexis , Povey Rachel 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis report of the development of an intervention in practice outlines the design, delivery, and evaluation of a tailored, school‐based, group adolescent sleep intervention utilising youth participation methodology and an intervention mapping protocol as a framework. The intervention also included supplementary video support. The intervention was delivered to 5‐year 11 students attending a pupil referral unit. This alternative education provision is organised to provide education for young people who cannot participate in school and may not otherwise receive suitable education in Britain. Through co‐formulation and cooperative design, the voice of the young people was sought throughout the design, implementation, and evaluation process. The behavioural objectives of the intervention were to increase stress management techniques and reduce technology usage. These were chosen to align with the overall outcomes: improving sleep behaviours and reducing negative sleep hygiene practices. Improvements in sleep behaviour and decreases in negative sleep hygiene practices were achieved post‐intervention and at 4‐month follow‐up. Strengths of the intervention, future intervention optimisation, and implications for practice are considered.
Numerical Investigation on the Gas‐Solid Flow in Blast Flow Fields Induced by a High‐Speed Body
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Wang Guannan , Huang Xi , Zhang Xiaobing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAs one of the critical phenomena during the firing of guns, propellant combustion creates an expanding gas plume with smoke containing the combustion residues. This paper aims to clarify the influence of gunshot residue particles on muzzle flow. Firstly, a two‐dimensional gas‐solid two‐phase model is established to describe the muzzle flow with gunshot residue for a small caliber rarefaction wave gun. And a discrete phase model is used to track particle trajectories for the dilute gas‐solid flow. Then the different development processes are discussed between the pure‐gas and the gas‐solid flow. Finally, the particle diameter and the mass fraction of particles are investigated to show the effects on the development process of the muzzle flow with gunshot resides. The results show that particles greatly influence the main flow parameters in the muzzle flow with gunshot residue. The gas velocity decreases due to the interaction between the particles and the gas. This paper provides a valuable reference for the study of muzzle flow.
Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification for detecting the Ile‐2041‐Asn mutation in fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl‐resistant Alopecurus aequalis
Authors: Wang Mali , Tang Zhi , Liao Min , Cao Haiqun , Zhao Ning 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDShortawn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.), a competitive grass weed severely infesting overwintering crops worldwide, has evolved resistance to the highly efficient acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicide fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl. The Ile‐to‐Asn substitution at codon position 2041 of ACCase is a dominant resistance mutation that has been associated with fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl resistance in A. aequalis. However, its detection based on conventional methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing is rather labor‐ and time‐consuming.RESULTSIn order to facilitate its detection in field populations of A. aequalis, a simple and efficient method with high sensitivity to the Ile‐2041‐Asn mutation was developed based on loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). A set of four primers was designed to target a 244‐bp fragment of ACCase comprising codon position 2041. Using the special primers and genomic DNA of A. aequalis, the concentrations of reaction components, temperature and time each were optimized. The LAMP reaction for the detection of the Ile‐2041‐Asn mutation was processed at 65 °C for 45 min followed by 80 °C for 10 min to stop the reaction. The LAMP method developed was 1000‐fold more sensitive than the conventional PCR method, and the detection was also practicable when using crude DNA of A. aequalis as a template.CONCLUSIONThe low cost, simplicity and high sensitivity of the developed LAMP assay make the detection of the Ile‐2041‐Asn mutation easier and quicker, which may contribute to the monitoring and management of resistance development to fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl in A. aequalis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quick shift in volatile attraction between the third and fifth instar larvae of Endoclita signifier
Authors: Hu Ping , Qiu Zhisong , Zhang Yujing , Xu Yuan , Yang Zhende 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDEndoclita signifer is a polyphagous lepidopteran species of eucalyptus that selects its hosts in the third‐instar larval period. To understand how it adapts to its host during development, we studied the olfactory responses of late‐stage (fifth)‐instar larvae to the dynamic chemical environment they encounter.RESULTSThirty‐two volatiles from eucalyptus trunk and soil were identified, among which 14 showed electroantennal activity and five were identified as new. Further behavioral bioassay showed that both β‐pinene and the imitation ratio of six key volatile in eucalyptus trunk were attractive to the fifth‐instar larvae, but both eliminated and increased β‐pinene in the mixture decreased the choice ratio and showed no attraction. Although E. signifer larvae shifted their attraction from o‐cymene at the third‐instar stage to β‐pinene at the fifth‐instar stage in a single volatile, the appropriate ratio of the main compounds in eucalyptus trunk volatile is the key to the behavior choice of fifth‐instar larvae.CONCLUSIONThe switch in olfactory attraction to different compounds between fifth‐ and third‐instar larvae indicated an olfactory plasticity between third‐ and fifth‐instar larvae. And the particular blend mediated the highly specialized communication interactions specificity between fifth‐instar larvae and eucalyptus trunk volatile indicated the specialized host adaptation to fifth‐instar larvae. This enhances understanding of how the primitive lepidopteran E. signifier, as a native pest, adapts to introduced eucalyptus. Moreover, this study provides knowledge for the screening and development of target volatiles for trapping and managing E. signifer larvae. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Trichoepithelioma Presenting as Leonine Facies in a Young Female
Authors: Ghahartars Mehdi , Parvar Seyedeh Yasamin , Samipour Leila , Hadibarhaghtalab Maryam 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Trichoepithelioma is a rare benign tumour of the pilosebaceous unit that originates from the hair follicles. Although it rarely results in facial disfigurement, it is thought to be the cause of leonine facies. We discuss a 27-year-old woman who presented with facies Leonine caused by trichoepitheliomas. The first line of treatment for these multiple symmetrical, firm, and round papules or nodules is excisional surgery.
CoW Bimetallic Carbide Nanocatalysts: Computational Exploration, Confined Disassembly–Assembly Synthesis and Alkaline/Seawater Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Meng Ge , Chen Yafeng , Wang Rongyan , Zhu Libo , Yao Heliang , Chen Chang , Chang Ziwei , Tian Han , Kong Fantao , Cui Xiangzhi , Shi Jianlin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEarth‐abundant tungsten carbide exhibits potential hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity owing to its Pt‐like d‐band electronic structure, which, unfortunately, suffers from the relatively strong tungsten‐hydrogen binding, deteriorating its HER performance. Herein, a catalyst design concept of incorporating late transition metal into early transition metal carbide is proposed for regulating the metal–H bonding strength and largely enhancing the HER performance, which is employed to synthesize CoW bi‐metallic carbide Co6W6C by a “disassembly–assembly” approach in a confined environment. Such synthesized Co6W6C nanocatalyst features the optimal Gibbs free energy of *H intermediate and dissociation barrier energy of H2O molecules as well by taking advantage of the electron complementary effect between Co and W species, which endows the electrocatalyst with excellent HER performance in both alkaline and seawater/alkaline electrolytes featuring especially low overpotentials, elevated current densities, and much‐enhanced operation durability in comparison to commercial Pt/C catalyst. Moreover, a proof‐of‐concept Mg/seawater battery equipped with Co6W6C‐2‐600 as cathode offers a peak power density of 9.1 mW cm−2 and an open‐circuit voltage of ≈1.71 V, concurrently realizing hydrogen production and electricity output.
Climate tipping points and expert judgment
Authors: Lam Vincent , Majszak Mason M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExpert judgment can be seen throughout climate science and even more prominently when discussing climate tipping points. To provide an accurate characterization of expert judgment we begin by evaluating the existing literature on expertise as it relates to climate science as a whole, before then focusing the literature review on the role of expert judgment in the unique context of climate tipping points. From this we turn our attention to the structured expert elicitation protocols specifically developed for producing expert judgments about tipping points. We highlight that expert elicitation is not only used for the quantification of uncertainty in this context, but also for the very identification and characterization of tipping points and their interactions, making expert judgment in itself a genuine scientific output. The central role of expert judgment in this domain raises several epistemic issues that require careful attention. Among other topics, we discuss the relationship between expert judgment and modeling, as well as the nonepistemic values that are involved in the production of expert judgments, highlighting how the elicitation protocols can be used to manage these values. In the perspective of climate change, clarifying the epistemic foundations of expert judgment in this context can help to navigate the epistemic situation between self‐defeating alarmism and blind dismissal, thus contributing to a better understanding of the challenges related to climate (and Earth system) tipping points.This article is categorized under:Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and KnowledgeThe Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Decision Making
Identifying the flap side‐edge noise contribution of a wind turbine blade section with an adaptive trailing edge
Authors: Suryadi A. , Jätz C. , Seume J.R. , Herr M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractActive trailing‐edge technology is a promising application for localized load alleviation of large‐diameter wind turbine rotors, accomplished using one or more control surfaces in the rotor blade's outer region. This work focuses on identifying noise contributions from the flap side‐edge and the trailing edge in a laboratory condition. Measurements were conducted in the Acoustic Wind Tunnel Braunschweig (AWB) at the German Aerospace Center's (DLR) Braunschweig site. The small‐scale model has a span of 1,200 mm and a chord length of 300 mm. The control surface, a plain flap, has a span of 400 mm and a chord length of 90 mm. Far‐field noise was measured using a phased‐microphone array for various flow speeds, angles of attack, and flap deflection angles. Due to the size of the model and assumed closeness of the sound sources, two noise reduction addons were installed interchangeably: trailing‐edge brush and flap side‐edge porous foam for sound source identification. Analysis of the far‐field noise reveals that, while changes to the flap deflection angle alter the far‐field noise spectra, the trailing‐edge noise remains the predominant noise source at deflection angles
and
. No additional noise level was observed from the flap side edge within the measurable frequency range at these angles. The flap side‐edge noise has an increased role for frequency larger than 2 kHz for the larger flap deflection angles of
and
.
Analysis of two non‐miscible electrically conducting micropolar fluid flow through an inclined porous channel: Influence of magnetic field
Authors: Yadav Pramod Kumar , Verma Amit Kumar 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis work aims to analyse the flow of immiscible micropolar fluid through an inclined porous channel in presence of uniform magnetic field. The flow model have divided in two different porous regions and permeability of each porous region is taken different. The two immiscible electrically conducting micropolar fluids which have different densities and viscosities, take place through these two porous regions. The flow in an inclined porous channel is caused by a constant pressure gradient which acts on entrance section of flow domain. The flow of the micropolar fluids in the respective regions is governed by Brinkman's equation. The governing flow equations of the proposed model are solved analytically by reliable techniques and exact solution of flow field, flow rate and wall shear stress is evaluated by using well‐known boundary conditions. In this work, authors examined the influence of existing parameters such as permeability parameters, Hartmann number, gravitational parameter, viscosity ratio and so forth, which describes the physical significance of the presented model, on velocity profile, flow rate and wall shear stresses and these effect presented by graphs. The results are validated with the findings of past published article.