bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The art of tackling strabismus skillfully by sparing vessels
Authors: Rajendran Janani , Aguiar Marushka , Vijayalakshmi P. , Shetty Shashikant 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Detaching a rectus muscle irreparably destroys its ciliary artery circulation which also supplies the anterior segment of the eye.

Purpose:
To educate strabismus surgeons about a method of detaching a muscle without compromising anterior segment circulation.

Synopsis:
A limbal based conjunctival incision is made. The muscle is identified, separated from its attachments and secured with 6-0 Vicryl. The anterior ciliary vessel supplying it is isolated by making a small snip incision in the muscle capsule with delicate blunt dissection parallel to the anterior ciliary artery The muscle is detached from its original insertion. The muscle is tied to sclera at the intended point of recession. The intact anterior ciliary artery, thus will continue to function, untouched.

Highlights:
We recommend pre-placing the sutures in the muscle and also in the sclera at the point of reattachment to avoid possible stretching and breaking of anterior ciliary vessels at the time of muscle detachment and also to dissect the artery free from muscle several millimeters more than the intended recession in order to spare the anterior ciliary circulation in strabismus surgery.

Video link:
https://youtu.be/Bn050Ihu9rU
Reverse Swiss Roll technique for diabetic vitreous membranes
Authors: Narnaware Shilpi , Bawankule Prashant , Sontakke Suraj , Rewatkar Kaustubh , Bansal Anju 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Diabetic membranes are always a challenge for a surgeon because of sticky nature and chances of iatrogenic break while removing.

Purpose:
To demonstrate a safe reverse swiss roll technique to dissect diabetic vitreous membranes.

Synposis:
Approaches and techniques for membrane dissection are segmentation, delamination and en-bloc dissection using various types of instruments and illumination. With vitreous cutte, picks and scissors, surgical steps are traditionallu performed by using classic lift and shave technique. After identifying the plane, tissue is lifted and then cut, which puts the retina at risk of break because of traction and active suction. Such a threat can be reduced by placing the cutter above the membrane thereby having the membrane itseld acting as a protective cushion to the retina. Port here, unlike lift and shave technique, doesn’t face the edge of membrane but is exactly 180 degree opposite and membrane curls into port because of suction. Also, hemostasis is maintained by continuous aspiration and cutting as the instrument is moved side to side, retracting from the edge.

Highlights:
Reverse swiss roll technique is safer compared to lift and shave because of the safety cushion of the membrane between the port and the retina. There is inherently less chances of retinal break because the active suction from the port is directed away from the retina. The technique also minimises traction and localised pull on the atrophic macula.

Video link:
https://youtu.be/WNnSsP69ZLw
Clinical profile and distribution of peripheral retinal changes in myopic population in a hospital-based study in North India
Authors: Khatwani Neelam , Makhija Sandhya , Ahuja Ashish 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To evaluate the prevalence of different types of peripheral retinal changes in a myopic population in North India and correlate them with axial length.

Methods:
This cross-sectional, hospital-based survey included 600 eyes of 300 myopic individuals, aged between 10 and 40 years, attending the outdoor ophthalmology clinic of a tertiary eye care hospital in North India were examined from July 2019 to July 2020. They were divided into mild, moderate, high, and severe myopia according to the spherical equivalent of refraction. Axial length was recorded. Peripheral retinal changes were examined by scleral indentation binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. Standardized findings considered with their fundus location were lattice degeneration, white without pressure and white with pressure, snail-track degenerations, peripheral chorioretinal atrophy, retinal holes, tears, and detachment. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee, and all participants provided informed consent.

Results:
Peripheral retinal degenerations were found in almost half (53%) of all myopes included in the study. The most common peripheral retinal degeneration found was lattice degeneration, followed by white without pressure, white with pressure, and chorioretinal atrophy. Most of the peripheral retinal degenerations were seen in the temporal quadrant of the fundus, either superotemporal or inferotemporal. There was a significant positive association between the prevalence of peripheral retinal degeneration with age, increased axial length, and severity of myopia

Conclusion:
The results of our study indicate the necessity for careful peripheral fundus examinations of all myopes, irrespective of age and degree of myopia, for early diagnosis and better management of visual-threatening complications like retinal detachment.
Correlation of E1 Lesions and CD68 Count with Proteinuria and Clinical Outcome in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Radha Sistla , Afroz Tameem , Reddy Y. Sandeep , Sridhar Gandhe , Rajaram K. G. 
Published: March 2022

Background:
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has variable course; few patients have a benign presentation and other patients present with late stage disease. Endocapillary hypercellularity has a prognostic significance in IgAN. It is important to identify E1 lesions accurately. The use of CD68 immunohistochemistry marker to identify glomerular macrophages will standardize the reporting and help the clinicians prognosticate the patients.

Subjects and Methods:
The material is from a referral laboratory for renal biopsies in a tertiary care hospital. Renal biopsies are processed as per protocol including light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy where ever required. CD68 was used in this study to identify macrophages in E1 lesions. A total of 1220 primary glomerular diseases were diagnosed from January 2019 till date. Out of these, IgA constituted 11.9% of primary glomerular diseases. Renal biopsies received were from the department of nephrology and various other nephrology centers. Biopsies were received in 10% buffered formalin. Immunofluorescence is done on all biopsies, and electron microscopy was done in few cases to differentiate from other lesions with dominant IgA deposits. CD68 was done in 50 cases of IgAN. Apart from hematoxylin and eosin stains, periodic acid-Schiff, Masson trichrome, Jones silver stain were also done.

Results:
IgAN constituted 11.9% of cases. Twenty-five cases of E0 and twenty-five cases of E1 lesions were correlated with clinical and morphological features. There was correlation with proteinuria and hypertension in E1 lesions. There was no significant correlation with the morphological variants like crescents, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Conclusions:
Inter observer correlation of E lesions is poor in classifying IgAN. Use of CD68 is a useful adjunct to identify macrophages. E1 lesions have more proteinuria requiring treatment for delaying the progression to end stage disease. Despite significant association of E1 lesions with progression, there may be many unmeasured factors which would influence the outcome.
Point-of-Care Sample Preparation and Automated Quantitative Detection of Schistosoma haematobium Using Mobile Phone Microscopy
Authors: Armstrong Maxim , Harris Andrew R. , D’Ambrosio Michael V. , Coulibaly Jean T. , Essien-Baidoo Samuel , Ephraim Richard K. D. , Andrews Jason R. , Bogoch Isaac I. , Fletcher Daniel A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT.
Schistosoma haematobium continues to pose a significant public health burden despite ongoing global control efforts. One of several barriers to sustained control (and ultimately elimination) is the lack of access to highly sensitive diagnostic or screening tools that are inexpensive, rapid, and can be used at the point of sample collection. Here, we report an automated point-of-care diagnostic based on mobile phone microscopy that rapidly images and identifies S. haematobium eggs in urine samples. Parasite eggs are filtered from urine within a specialized, inexpensive cartridge that is then automatically imaged by the mobile phone microscope (the “SchistoScope”). Parasite eggs are captured at a constriction point in the tapered cartridge for easy imaging, and the automated quantification of eggs is obtained upon analysis of the images by an algorithm. We demonstrate S. haematobium egg detection with greater than 90% sensitivity and specificity using this device compared with the field gold standard of conventional filtration and microscopy. With simple sample preparation and image analysis on a mobile phone, the SchistoScope combines the diagnostic performance of conventional microscopy with the analytic performance of an expert technician. This portable device has the potential to provide rapid and quantitative diagnosis of S. haematobium to advance ongoing control efforts.
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations and DFT studies on the metal complexes of azathioprine immunosuppressive drug
Authors: Alsuhaibani Amnah Mohammed , Refat Moamen S. , Adam Abdel Majid A. , Kobeasy Mohamed I. , Kumar Deo Nandan , Shakya Sonam 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT. A complex of the immunosuppressive drug azathioprine with Cr(II), Mn(II), Fe(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) were synthesized and characterized through spectroscopic and thermal studies. The infrared spectra show the coordination of azathioprine via N(9) to the metal, also, the range around 640–650 cm−1 remains unchanged in the complexes, indicating the possibility that the ether group may not be involved in the binding. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), thermogravimetric derivational analysis (DTG), and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTA) have been studied in the temperature range from 0 °C to 1000 °C. The study of pyrolysis showed that all complexes decompose in more than one step and that the final decomposition product is metal oxide. The DFT (density functional theory) with B3LYP/6-31G++ level of theory was used to study the optimized geometry, HOMO→LUMO energy gap, and molecular electrostatic potential map of azathioprine before and after deprotonation.

KEY WORDS: Azathioprine, Spectral study, Thermal study, Decomposition products, DFT
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(1), 73-84.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i1.7
In-hospital cost analysis of aquablation compared with transurethral resection of the prostate in the treatment of benign prostatic enlargement
Authors: Müllhaupt Gautier , Lyatoshinsky Pavel , Neuenschwander Anne , Güsewell Sabine , Schmid Hans-Peter , Abt Dominik 
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE: To compare in-hospital treatment costs of aquablation and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in the treatment of benign prostatic enlargement.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patient data and procedural details were derived from a prospective database. In-hospital costs were calculated using detailed expenditure reports provided by the hospital accounts department. Total costs including those arising from surgical procedures, consumables, personnel and accommodation were analysed for 24 consecutive patients undergoing aquablation and compared with 24 patients undergoing TURP during the same period. Mean total costs and mean costs for individual expense items were compared between treatment groups with t-tests.
RESULTS: Mean total costs per patient (± standard deviation) were higher for aquablation at EUR 10,994 ± 2478 than for TURP at EUR 7445 ± 2354. The mean difference of EUR 3549 was statistically significant (p <0.001). Although the mean procedural costs were significantly higher for aquablation (mean difference EUR 3032; p <0.001), costs apart from the procedure were also lower for TURP, but the mean difference of EUR 1627 was not significant (p <0.327). Medical supplies were mainly responsible (mean difference EUR 2057; p <0.001) for the difference in procedural costs.
CONCLUSIONS: In-hospital costs are significantly higher for aquablation than for TURP, mainly due to higher costs of medical supplies for the procedure. This difference should be taken into consideration, at least in patients for whom the different side effect profiles of both treatments are irrelevant.
LA PROTECCIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS EN EL SISTEMA FEDERAL DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS
Authors: MANUEL VÁZQUEZ CARLOS 
Published: March 2022

En los Estados Unidos, la responsabilidad de la protección de los derechos fundamentales ha estado siempre compartida entre la federación y los estados. Al comienzo, fueron los estados los que asumieron la responsabilidad de tutelar los derechos. En realidad, los derechos reconocidos en la Constitución Federal solo se aplicaban frente al gobierno federal. Tras la Guerra civil, estos derechos fueron gradualmente «incorporados» en la Decimocuarta Enmienda pasando así a ser aplicados también frente a los estados. En la actualidad, la federación es la principal garante de los derechos fundamentales, si bien los estados continúan pudiendo protegerlos más allá del mínimo federal. La responsabilidad compartida para la protección de los derechos fundamentales en los Estados Unidos es en buena parte un reflejo de la historia de los Estados Unidos.
Estatu Batuetan, oinarrizko eskubideen babesaren erantzukizuna federazioaren eta estatuen artean partekatu izan da betidanik. Hasieran, estatuek hartu zuten beren gain eskubideak babesteko erantzukizuna. Egia esan, Federazioaren Konstituzioan aitortutako eskubideak gobernu federalaren aurrean baino ez ziren aplikatzen. Gerra Zibilaren ondoren, eskubide horiek Hamalaugarren Zuzenketan «erantsi» ziren pixkanaka eta, ondorioz, estatuen aurrean ere hasi ziren aplikatzen. Gaur egun, federazioa da, nagusiki, oinarrizko eskubideak bermatzen dituena, baina estatuek federazioak ezarritako minimoetatik haratago babes ditzakete eskubideok oraindik ere. Estatu Batuetan oinarrizko eskubideak babesteko erantzukizuna partekatuta egotea Estatu Batuen historiaren isla da neurri handi batean.
In the United States, the responsibility for protecting fundamental rights has always been shared by the federal and state governments. At the start, the states bore the primary responsibility for protecting rights. Indeed, the rights specified in the federal Constitution applied only against the federal government. After the civil war, these rights gradually became «incorporated» into the Fourteenth Amendment and thus came to apply against the
state governments as well. Today, the federal government is the principal guarantor of fundamental rights, but the states continue to be able to guarantee rights beyond the federal minimum. The shared responsibility for protecting fundamental rights in the United States is in large part a reflection of the United States¿ history.
Prognostic value of exercise echocardiography in patients with wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Aguilera Agudo Cristina , Moñivas Palomero Vanessa , González López Esther , Mingo Santos Susana 
Published: March 2022

Background: Wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis is a systemic disease with predominantly cardiac symptoms. The aim of this study was to assess the short-term prognosis of these patients through contractile reserve measured by stress echocardiography, given the usefulness that this parameter has demonstrated in other populations. We considered major events as death from any cause and hospitalization for heart failure.
Material and methods: We conducted a study with a 1-year follow-up in 11 patients who were proposed to undergo a stress echocardiogram, with the follow-up as usual according to their doctor. We excluded pacemaker wearers, patients with permanent atrial fibrillation, those incapable of exertion at low loads, and those with poor acoustic windows.
Results: We found that contractile reserve estimated by right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain is correlated with a lower rate of death (all of them cardiovascular deaths) and hospitalizations for heart failure.
Conclusions: Contractile reserve assessed by right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain is a predictor of major events in patients with wild-type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis.
Patristic Perspectives on Luke’s Transfiguration
Authors: Anthony Peter 
Published: March 2022

Peter Anthony explores how visionary elements in Luke’s Gospel had a particular influence on early interpretation of the Transfiguration, by examining the rich hermeneutical traditions that emerged – particularly in the Latin West – as the Transfiguration was first depicted visually in art.
Anthony begins by comparing the visual and visionary culture of antiquity with that of the present, and their differing interpretations of the Transfiguration. He then examines the Transfiguration texts in the synoptic gospels and their interpretation in modern scholarship, and the reception of the Transfiguration in 2 Peter, the Apocalypse of Peter and the Acts of Peter, Tertullian and Origen. Proceeding to look at interpretations found in the Greek East and the Latin West, Anthony finally discusses the earliest visual depictions of the Transfiguration from the sixth century onward, drawn from a wealth of different art forms. Anthony concludes that early commentators’ and artists’ understanding of how we see and visualise, and therefore, how the Transfiguration was apprehended, is closer to that of the writers of the New Testament than many modern interpreters’ is.
The Art of Scenic Design
Authors: Morgan Robert Mark 
Published: March 2022

How do you navigate a career as an entertainment designer while maintaining a sense of self-worth and value in the various off-ramps and sidestreets you may choose to take on the journey? The Art of Scenic Design provides an in-depth look at the scenic design process for young designers as well as creative entrepreneurs seeking to nurture a collaborative environment that leads to rediscovery and innovation in their work.
Based on his 30 years of experience in stage design, exhibit design, art direction for film, and theme park and industrial design, Robert Mark Morgan demonstrates that while a design process for creating these types of works can seem like niche professions, the lessons learned in collaboration, testing and re-testing ideas, prototyping concepts, overcoming fears, venturing guesses, divergent thinking, and the creative process in general are applicable – and valuable – in nearly all disciplines and professions both inside and outside of the entertainment industry.
In The Art of Scenic Design: A Practical Guide to the Creative Process you will follow an accomplished designer on a narrative of the theatrical design process from early phases of a design with a creative team encompassing visual research, idea-making, and collaborative relationships, to sketching, prototyping, and testing ideas, through to the execution and manifestation of the design with a team of artists and collaborators. The design journey is contextualized with backstage stories of “what if?” moments, provocative discussions, and lessons that are indispensable to your professional development.
Genealogi pendidikan entrepreneurship dalam Islam
Authors: Sarwadi  , Kharis Syuhud Mujahada  , Hanifah Noviandari  
Published: March 2022

The foundation of Islamic education as the basis of Islamic education is the Qur'an, Al Hadith of the Prophet Sholallahu alaihi wasalam. Islamic education in the course of its history is rife with various kinds of ideology that have an impact on the quality of the generation produced. Islam as a plenary religion has actually given an ideological message that the nature of man is a servant while carrying out the mandate of managing, elaborating and optimizing all the potentials of nature and humans. Entrepreneurship, education and economics eventually became an integral link to answer the message of the Caliph facing an educational challenge in the era of disruption. Therefore, it becomes important to be studied in depth related to the genealogy of entrepreneurship education. The purpose of doing this genealogy study is to find out the genealogy of entrepreneurship in the Islamic world specifically the results of research based on a literature review found that entrepreneurship activities had been encountered since the time of the prophet Adam Alaihi as Salam The oldest and most survive entrepreneur activity of all time is agroopreneurship.
Malnourishment Among Medical Students of Punjab. Is Underweight Status A Significant Issue in Pakistan?
Authors: Ahmed Usama , Aslam Arfah , Amjad Malik Awais 
Published: March 2022

Background: Assessment of the prevalence and factors which make a medical student of Public sector medical college of Punjab, Underweight.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 12 different medical colleges of the public sector in Punjab. A total of 352 students from all five years of the academic course participated in this study. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was distributed to the students after taking their consent. The data included demographic information, targeted questions on diet, personal health habits, illnesses, and family history.
Results: Out of the total population, 28.1% were male and 71.9% were female students. The median age was 21.0 years. The mean weight was 59.2 ± 11.54 kgs. 56.3% of the students were hostelites and 43.8% were day-scholars. The average pocket-money of the students was 10150 Rs. Per month. According to body-mass index, about 11.9% students were underweight, 12.8% were overweight, 2.3% were obese, and 62.5% were of normal weight. Students who were underweight did not take the recommended daily number of calories. Among the causative factors, a significant relation was also found between underweight status and mode of commute, hours of sleep, pocket money, and whether the student takes nutritional supplements or not. Relation with various symptoms including fatigue, headache, breathlessness, and insomnia was not significant.
Conclusion: An alarming number of Underweight students was present in the Public sector medical colleges of Punjab, with the Underweight status being associated with a poor dietary status, unfavorable travel methods, and not taking nutritional supplements.
A RARE CASE REPORT OF OCULOFACIAL DENTAL ANOMALIES IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP; NANCE- HOREN SYNDROME
Authors: Shub Noor  , Rabia Najam  , Waqas Anwar  , Rashid Amir 
Published: March 2022

Nance-Horen Syndrome, a triad of characteristic facial , dental and ocular abnormalities along with intellectual impairment is a rare X linked genetic disorder[1-4]. Diagnosis is mainly based on clinical association of characteristic facial, ocular and dental anomalies along with mental retardation. In this case report, we presented a patient with Nance-Horen syndrome, who presented in OPD with post cataract excision corneal opacities along with non -ocular anamolies and similar presentation in two other male siblings. Peadiatricion in developing country should know the significance of detailed systemic assessment of patients presenting with oculofacial anomalies to avoid missing important diagnosis like Nance-Horen Syndrome.