bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size spectra, biomass, and trophic groups of free‐living marine nematodes along a water‐depth gradient in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: de Jesús‐Navarrete Alberto , Armenteros Maickel , Espositos Abel Vargas , Rocha‐Olivares Axayacatl 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWater depth can affect the size spectra (SS) and biomass of free‐living nematodes, but these relationships are largely unknown for the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Here, we examined the SS and biomass of meiofaunal nematode assemblages at 27 sites along a water‐depth gradient from 44 to 3466 m in the Perdido belt, northwestern GoM. Nematodes were identified to species level, measured (length and width), and assigned to shape morphotypes and trophic groups. Nematode SS were defined by a median length of 951 μm (range: 223–4289 μm) and a median width of 33 μm (range: 12–109 μm). SS revealed a dominant long/slender morphotype (e.g., Paramicrolaimus sp., Filoncholaimus sp., and Ledovitia sp.), better adapted to the very fine sediments of the deep sea, whereas stout/short nematodes (mostly Desmoscolex sp., Greeffiella sp., and Quadricoma sp.) were less abundant. Water‐depth gradient significantly influenced mean individual (IB) and total biomasses likely because reduced availability of organic carbon with depth. The two deepest sites had particularly high mean IB suggesting local sources of organic carbon in the abyssal region related to the Perdido belt oil field. The most abundant trophic group was microbial feeder sucker (56%), followed by microbial feeder scraper (23%), and predator ingester (20%). The mean IB of predator nematodes was significantly larger than that of nematode preys. However, the logarithm of ratio IBpredator/IBprey was rather low (0.34) and in agreement with the empiric consumer‐resource body‐size relationship calculated for marine invertebrates. Our study provides novel insights about the structure of benthic nematode assemblages in the western Gulf of Mexico across a wide depth gradient.
Involvement of the p53‐p16/RB pathway control mechanism in early‐stage carcinogenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mori Taisuke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma develops through a heterogeneous process involving human papillomavirus infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption. A comprehensive genomic analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas to date has identified a few single driver gene mutations, the most frequent of which involve TP53 and CDKN2A/p16. To investigate the involvement of the tumorigenesis mechanism in early‐stage carcinogenesis, HPV‐derived genomes E6 and E7, which are carcinogens, and stem/progenitor‐associated, polycomb (PcG) genes Bmi1 and TERT were induced into human stromal cells and immortalized as the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma model. We found that Bmi1 suppressed both the p16INK4a and p16/Rb‐p53 pathway cross‐talks. The E7 group showed that endogenous p53 is highly expressed and eludes chromosome number aberration, even on long‐term observation. Bmi1 was predominantly expressed in early head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and PcG was essential in early cancer development. Additionally, TP53 whole exon analysis revealed categories useful for estimating malignant potential, such as poor prognosis and high recurrence at the transection site. Therefore, understanding the p53‐p16/RB pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is an essential factor to elucidate the early carcinogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Drought and social conflict in rural Zimbabwe: Does the burden fall on women and girls?
Authors: Chigusiwa Lloyd , Kembo George , Kairiza Terrence 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClimate change–induced extreme weather events such as drought have occurred with increasing frequency and intensity in Zimbabwe over the past 30 years bringing about pressure on communally owned water resources. Using the Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Committee 2020 survey of rural households in Zimbabwe, this study assesses the impact of drought shock on the occurrence of water point violence. The impact of self‐reported drought shock on the likelihood of occurrence of social conflict in the form of water point violence is subject to confounding due to selection bias. Using the doubly robust inverse probability weighted regression adjustment to account for confounding, we investigate gender dimensions of the impact of drought on inducing water point violence in rural Zimbabwe. The study offers three major findings. First, drought shock is associated with increased household propensity to experience water point violence. Second, the severity of the drought shock impact increases the probability of the household experiencing water point violence. Third, drought shock–induced water point violence is only statistically valid for households where the water‐fetcher is a woman or girl. The results suggest that the impact of drought shocks on water point violence is gendered and disadvantages women and girls more than men and boys.
The impact of Hodgkin–Huxley models on dendritic research
Authors: Petousakis Konstantinos‐Evangelos , Apostolopoulou Anthi A. , Poirazi Panayiota 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor the past seven decades, the Hodgkin–Huxley (HH) formalism has been an invaluable tool in the arsenal of neuroscientists, allowing for robust and reproducible modelling of ionic conductances and the electrophysiological phenomena they underlie. Despite its apparent age, its role as a cornerstone of computational neuroscience has not waned. The discovery of dendritic regenerative events mediated by ionic and synaptic conductances has solidified the importance of HH‐based models further, yielding new predictions concerning dendritic integration, synaptic plasticity and neuronal computation. These predictions are often validated through in vivo and in vitro experiments, advancing our understanding of the neuron as a biological system and emphasizing the importance of HH‐based detailed computational models as an instrument of dendritic research. In this article, we discuss recent studies in which the HH formalism is used to shed new light on dendritic function and its role in neuronal phenomena.
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Investigation Into Hybridization of the Two-Fluid Model and Phase-Field Model for Multi-Scale Two-Phase Flow Simulations
Authors: Tamura Akinori , Katono Kenichi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To simulate heterogeneous bubbly flows, a hybrid method has been developed in several studies by combining the two-fluid model and the interface tracking method. Since this original hybrid method is based on the one-pressure modeling, which is a common approach for the two-fluid model, unphysical flow would occur in the flow where the surface tension is dominant. To resolve this inherent weakness of one-pressure modeling, we proposed a new formulation of the hybrid method in this study. The proposed hybrid method includes no pressure term in the dispersed phase because we regarded the dispersed phase as a group of discrete particles. The phase-field method is employed as the interface-tracking method. The proposed hybrid method was validated in several numerical simulations. Using the static bubble problem, we confirmed that in the proposed hybrid method simulation, there is no unphysical flow that is observed in the original hybrid method. In the bubble plume problem, we compared the bubble plume behavior and the time-averaged void fraction of the simulation results with those of previously reported experiments and found good agreement between them. From these validations, we confirmed that the proposed hybrid method was applicable to heterogeneous bubbly flow simulation, and it avoided the weakness which the original hybrid method has.
Use of oral diabetes medications and the risk of incident dementia in US veterans aged ≥60 years with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tang Xin , Brinton Roberta Diaz , Chen Zhao , Farland Leslie V , Klimentidis Yann , Migrino Raymond , Reaven Peter , Rodgers Kathleen , Zhou Jin J 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionStudies have reported that antidiabetic medications (ADMs) were associated with lower risk of dementia, but current findings are inconsistent. This study compared the risk of dementia onset in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with sulfonylurea (SU) or thiazolidinedione (TZD) to patients with T2D treated with metformin (MET).Research design and methodsThis is a prospective observational study within a T2D population using electronic medical records from all sites of the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Patients with T2D who initiated ADM from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2017, were aged ≥60 years at the initiation, and were dementia-free were identified. A SU monotherapy group, a TZD monotherapy group, and a control group (MET monotherapy) were assembled based on prescription records. Participants were required to take the assigned treatment for at least 1 year. The primary outcome was all-cause dementia, and the two secondary outcomes were Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia, defined by International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 9th Revision, or ICD, 10th Revision, codes. The risks of developing outcomes were compared using propensity score weighted Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsAmong 559 106 eligible veterans (mean age 65.7 (SD 8.7) years), the all-cause dementia rate was 8.2 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI 6.0 to 13.7). After at least 1 year of treatment, TZD monotherapy was associated with a 22% lower risk of all-cause dementia onset (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.81), compared with MET monotherapy, and 11% lower for MET and TZD dual therapy (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.93), whereas the risk was 12% higher for SU monotherapy (HR 1.12 95% CI 1.09 to 1.15).ConclusionsAmong patients with T2D, TZD use was associated with a lower risk of dementia, and SU use was associated with a higher risk compared with MET use. Supplementing SU with either MET or TZD may partially offset its prodementia effects. These findings may help inform medication selection for elderly patients with T2D at high risk of dementia.
Past, present and future of living systematic review: a bibliometrics analysis
Authors: Zheng Qingyong , Xu Jianguo , Gao Ya , Liu Ming , Cheng Luying , Xiong Lu , Cheng Jie , Yuan Mengyuan , OuYang Guoyuan , Huang Hengyi , Wu Jiarui , Zhang Junhua , Tian Jinhui 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionIn recent years, the concept of living systematic review (LSR) has attracted the attention of many scholars and institutions. A growing number of studies have been conducted based on LSR methodology, but their focus direction is unclear. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of existing LSR-related studies and to analyse their whole picture and future trends with bibliometrics.MethodsA comprehensive search strategy was used to construct a representative dataset of LSRs up to October 2021. GraphPad V.8.2.1 and Mindmaster Pro presented the basic information of the included studies and the timeline of LSR development, respectively. The author and country cooperation network, hotspot distribution clustering, historical citation network and future development trend prediction related to LSR were visualised by VOSviewer V.1.6.16 and R-Studio V.1.4.ResultsA total of 213 studies were eventually included. The concept of LSR was first proposed in 2014, and the number of studies has proliferated since 2020. There was a closer collaboration between author teams and more frequent LSR research development and collaboration in Europe, North America and Australia. Numerous LSR studies have been published in high-impact journals. COVID-19 is the predominant disease of concern at this stage, and the rehabilitation of its patients and virological studies are possible directions of research in LSR for a long time to come. A review of existing studies found that more than half of the LSR series had not yet been updated and that the method needed to be more standardised in practice.ConclusionAlthough LSR has a relatively short history, it has received much attention and currently has a high overall acceptance. The LSR methodology was further practised in COVID-19, and we look forward to seeing it applied in more areas.
Service provision and utilisation in German paediatric primary care practices during public health crises: Protocol of the mixed-methods COVID-19 PedCare Study
Authors: Falkenstein Lina , Eckel Nathalie , Kadel Simone B , Koenig Jochem , Litaker David , Eichinger Michael 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionPublic health crises such as pandemics can cause serious disruptions to the utilisation and provision of healthcare services with negative effects on morbidity and mortality. Despite the important role of paediatric primary care in maintaining high-quality healthcare services during crises, evidence about service utilisation and provision remains limited especially in Germany. This study, therefore, explores the utilisation and provision of paediatric primary care services during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and their barriers and facilitators.Methods and analysisThe study uses a convergent mixed-methods design and comprises online surveys to parents, adolescents and primary care paediatricians (PCPs) and semistructured interviews with parents and PCPs. We recruit parents and adolescents from paediatric primary care practices and PCPs via email using mailing lists of the German Professional Association of Paediatricians and the German Society of Ambulatory Primary Care Paediatrics. The parent and adolescent surveys assess, inter alia, the utilisation of paediatric primary care services and its correlates, aspects of parental and child health as well as socioeconomic characteristics. The PCP survey investigates the provision of paediatric primary care services and its correlates, aspects of PCP health as well as sociodemographic and practice characteristics. The semistructured interviews with parents and PCPs explore several aspects of the online surveys in more detail. We use descriptive statistics and generalised linear mixed models to assess service utilisation and provision and specific correlates covered in the online surveys and apply qualitative content analysis to explore barriers and facilitators of service utilisation and provision more broadly in the semistructured interviews. We will integrate findings from the quantitative and qualitative analyses at the interpretation stage.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Medical Ethics Review Board of the Medical Faculty Mannheim at Heidelberg University (2020–650N). Study results will be published in journals with external peer-review.
Epidemiology of physical–mental multimorbidity and its impact among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander in Australia: a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample
Authors: Carman William , Ishida Marie , Trounson Justin S , Mercer Stewart W , Anindya Kanya , Sum Grace , Armstrong Gregory , Oldenburg Brian , McPake Barbara , Lee John Tayu 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the differences in multimorbidity between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and non-Indigenous Australians, and the effect of multimorbidity on health service use and work productivity.SettingCross-sectional sample of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia wave 17.ParticipantsA nationally representative sample of 16 749 respondents aged 18 years and above.Outcome measuresMultimorbidity prevalence and pattern, self-reported health, health service use and employment productivity by Indigenous status.ResultsAboriginal respondents reported a higher prevalence of multimorbidity (24.2%) compared with non-Indigenous Australians (20.7%), and the prevalence of mental–physical multimorbidity was almost twice as high (16.1% vs 8.1%). Multimorbidity pattern varies significantly among the Aboriginal and non-Indigenous Australians. Multimorbidity was associated with higher health service use (any overnight admission: adjusted OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.46 to 1.58), reduced employment productivity (days of sick leave: coefficient=0.25, 95% CI=0.19 to 0.31) and lower perceived health status (SF6D score: coefficient=−0.04, 95% CI=−0.05 to −0.04). These associations were found to be comparable in both Aboriginal and non-Indigenous populations.ConclusionsMultimorbidity prevalence was significantly greater among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders compared with the non-Indigenous population, especially mental–physical multimorbidity. Strategies are required for better prevention and management of multimorbidity for the aboriginal population to reduce health inequalities in Australia.
Clinical effectiveness of tenotomy versus tenodesis for long head of biceps pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hartland Alexander William , Islam Raisa , Teoh Kar Hao , Rashid Mustafa Saad 
Published: October 2022

ObjectivesThe comparative clinical effectiveness of common surgical techniques to address long head of biceps (LHB) pathology is unclear. We synthesised the evidence to compare the clinical effectiveness of tenotomy versus tenodesis.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.Data sourcesEMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library of randomised controlled trials were searched through 31 October 2021.Eligibility criteriaWe included randomised controlled trials, reporting patient reported outcome measures, comparing LHB tenotomy with tenodesis for LHB pathology, with or without concomitant rotator cuff pathology. Studies including patients treated for superior labral anterior–posterior tears were excluded. No language limits were employed. All publications from database inception to 31 October 2021 were included.Data extraction and synthesisScreening was performed by two authors independently. A third author reviewed the article, where consensus for inclusion was required. Data were extracted by two authors. Data were synthesised using RevMan. Inverse variance statistics and a random effects model were used.Results860 patients from 11 RCTs (426 tenotomy vs 434 tenodesis) were included. Pooled analysis of patient-reported functional outcome measures data demonstrated comparable outcomes (n=10 studies; 403 tenotomy vs 416 tenodesis; standardised mean difference (SMD): 0.14, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.32, p=0.13). There was no significant difference for pain (Visual Analogue Scale) (n=8 studies; 345 tenotomy vs 350 tenodesis; MD: −0.11, 95% CI −0.28 to 0.06, p=0.21). Tenodesis resulted in a lower rate of Popeye deformity (n=10 studies; 401 tenotomy vs 410 tenodesis; OR: 0.29, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.45, p<0.00001). Tenotomy demonstrated shorter operative time (n=4 studies; 204 tenotomy vs 201 tenodesis; MD 15.2, 95% CI 1.06 to 29.36, p<0.00001).ConclusionsAside from a lower rate of cosmetic deformity, tenodesis yielded no significant clinical benefit to tenotomy for addressing LHB pathology.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020198658.
CaRegiving frOm A Distance (ROAD): home care in the future—flexible and nearby – multimethod qualitative study protocol
Authors: Budnick Andrea , Bünning Farina , Kuhlmey Adelheid 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionDemographic change in Germany is accompanied by a birth rate deficit and increasing life expectancy. One effect of the ageing population is an increase in people needing care, most of whom want to grow old in their homes and to be cared for there. At the same time, informal caregivers are a core resource in the German care system, but due to social changes, this resource is not endless. Processes of social change in German society will cause further erosion in the potential number of informal local caregivers. Therefore, it will be increasingly important to provide conditions so that individuals at a distance who support people needing care are actually able to do so.Distance caregivingis a broad field, posing questions of intergenerational and intragenerational solidarity and the balance between work, family and caring responsibilities. Systematic research is required into opportunities and limitations, including innovative technology, in the whole field of care arrangements over a distance. The demands of the different actors in the distance caregiving arrangement are not yet known and are the subject of our study.Methods and analysisThis study will develop a model for distance caregiving. A qualitative multimethod research design (non-interventional study) will be adopted. The study will take place between September 2021 and August 2024. Participants will be selected by a purposeful sampling process. Phenomenological analysis will guide our data analysis. Data collected in this study will allow for triangulation, thereby increasing the trustworthiness of findings.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study has been granted by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin (ID: EA1/371/21). Dissemination of the results will take place among the scientific community. Results will also be disseminated among the public and actors involved in healthcare and nursing care.
Physical fitness in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: protocol for a case–control study
Authors: Vanhelst Jérémy , Beghin Laurent , Coopman Stéphanie , Labreuche Julien , Djeddi Djamal , Gottrand Frédéric , Turck Dominique , Ley Delphine 
Published: October 2022

IntroductionInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with adverse health consequences that may adversely influence physical activity and body composition in youth. These effects may lead to changes in physical fitness, which is positively associated with health-related outcomes. The aim is to assess health-related physical fitness levels in paediatric patients with IBD and to compare these levels with those in healthy matched controls.Methods and analysisThis trial is a bicentric case–control study. Fifty paediatric patients with IBD and 50 matched healthy controls will be recruited (1:1), and physical fitness levels (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, speed/agility and flexibility) will be assessed. The primary outcome is cardiorespiratory fitness, which will be compared between children and adolescents with IBD and healthy controls matched for age, sex and body mass index class. We will assess whether the two groups differ with respect to other physical fitness components and cardiovascular risk in adulthood according to sex-specific cut-offs for a healthy cardiorespiratory fitness level in adolescents. We will identify relationships between physical fitness and characteristics of IBD, quality of life and daily physical activity.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes, Centre-Ouest I, Tours, France; No 2019-A02651-56) and was declared to the Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés. All procedures will be performed according to the ethical standards of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki, as revised in 2008, and the European Union’s Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. Written informed consent will be obtained from the youths and their parents. Research findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and scientific meetings, as well as in social media and IBD family support groups.Trial registration numberNCT04647578.