bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heart Rate Variability predicts the Subject-Driven Cognitive States
Authors: Farfán Carlos Enrique Paucar , Guzman Grover Enrique Castro , Bruel Pedro , Goldman Alfredo , Takahashi Daniel Yasumasa , Fujita Andre 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Methods for controlling machines using physiological signals have been the focus of much research over the last decades. One natural approach is to use brain signals for decoding subject-driven cognitive states. However, brain-based decoding approaches often require costly, challenging to handle, and uncomfortable devices inadequate for daily use. We propose an alternative method to decode cognitive states based on heart rate (HR). Although HR is capable of classifying general physiological conditions (e.g., level of physical activities, stress, some diseases), it is less clear if HR signals can discriminate cognitive states. To answer this question, we submitted 25 subjects (mean age +- standard deviation, 30.2+- 4.9 y.o.) to four cognitive tasks: (i) resting quietly, (ii) remembering their day's events, (iii) singing lyrics, and (iv) subtracting numbers. We collected the electrocardiogram twice for each individual, separated by approximately one week. We used an inexpensive commercially available chest sensor band to collect the HR. We trained a support vector machine to classify the cognitive tasks using data collected on day one. Then we validated it in the dataset collected on day two. Our results show classification accuracy higher than expected at random (p < 0.001). Therefore, we conclude that we can use HR to help decode cognitive states. Because we can easily monitor the HR using a wearable sensor, HR is potentially helpful for human-machine interface applications in daily conditions.
Optogenetic activation of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons induces a brain-wide response in reward network
Authors: Hamada Hiro Taiyo , Abe Yoshifumi , Takata Norio , Taira Masakazu , Tanaka Kenji F. , Doya Kenji 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Serotonin is a neuromodulator that affects multiple behavioral and cognitive functions. Nonetheless, how serotonin causes such a variety of effects through its brain-wide projections and variety of receptors remains unclear. Here we measured the brain-wide response to optogenetic stimulation of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) by functional MRI using an 11.7T scanner with a cryoprobe. Transient activation of DRN serotonin neurons caused wide-spread activation of reward-related brain areas. The same stimulation under anesthesia with isoflurane decreased activation of those reward-related areas and the hippocampal complex. These brain-wide response patterns can be explained by DRN serotonergic projection topography and serotonin receptor expression profiles, with enhanced weights on 5-HT1 type receptors. The primarily facilitatory effect on reward-related brain areas by DRN serotonergic activation is consistent with recent discoveries of its roles in reward-oriented behaviors and demands reconsideration of inhibitory view due to the result under anesthesia.
Denials of coverage for evidence-based cancer survivorship care services
Authors: Blaes Anne H. , Abu-Khalaf Maysa M. , Bender Catherine M. , Dent Susan F. , Fung Chunkit , Smith Sophia K. , Watson Samantha , Katta Sweatha , Merrill Janette K. , Hudson Shawna V. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: The American Society of Clinical Oncology Cancer Survivorship Committee established a task force to determine which survivorship care services were being denied by public and private payers for coverage and reimbursement. Methods: A quantitative survey instrument was developed to determine the clinical practice-reported rates of coverage denials for evidence-based cancer survivorship care services. Additionally, qualitative interviews were conducted to understand whether coverage denials were based on payer policies, cost-sharing, or prior authorization. Results: Of 122 respondents from 50 states, respondents reported that coverage denials were common (“always”, “most of the time,” or “some of the time”) for maintenance therapies, screening for new primary cancers or cancer recurrence. Respondents reported that denials in coverage for maintenance therapies were highest for immunotherapy (51.29%) and maintenance chemotherapy (48.72%). Coverage denials for new primary cancer screenings were highest for Hodgkin lymphoma survivors needing a PET/CT scan (57.69%) and breast cancer survivors at a high-risk of recurrence who needed an MRI (61.61%), respectively. More than half of survey respondents reported denials for symptom management and supportive care services. Fertility services, dental services when indicated, and mental health services were denied “always” or “most of the time” 23.1%, 22.5%, and 12.8%, respectively. Respondents reported they often had a process in place to automatically appeal denials for evidence-based services. The denial process, however, resulted in greater stress for the patient and provider. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that additional advocacy with payers is needed to ensure that reimbursement policies are consistent with evidence-based survivorship care services.
Autologous stem cell transplantation in tandem with Anti-CD30 CAR T-cell infusion in relapsed/refractory CD30 + lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Peiling , Yang Xiuxiu , Cao Yang , Wang Jue , Zhou Mi , Chen Liting , Wei Jia , Mao Zekai , Wang Di , Xiao Yi , Zhu Haichuan , Zhang Shangkun , Zhang Tongcun , Zhang Yicheng , Zhou Jianfeng , Huang Liang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Long-term outcome is unfavourable for relapsed/refractory (r/r) lymphoma patients who are resistant to salvage chemotherapy, even after subsequent autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). Although anti-CD30 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR30) T-cell therapy induces high response rates in these patients, the duration of response is relatively limited. Methods: This open-label, single-center and single-arm pilot study investigated the safety and efficacy of ASCT in tandem with CAR30 T-cell infusion in r/r CD30+ lymphoma. The primary endpoint was safety and key secondary endpoint was overall response rate, overall survival, progression-free survival, and duration of response. Results: Five classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients and 1 anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) patient were enrolled. The median age was 24 years. No patient had prior ASCT. Three patients (50.0%) relapsed for ≥ 2 times and 3 patients (50.0%) had primary refractory diseases. All had a Deauville score of 4 or 5, and 5 patients (83.3%) had a stable or progressive disease (SD/PD) at enrollment. All patients received myeloablative chemotherapy and infused CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and CAR30 T cells in tandem, with a median dose of 3.9 ×106/kg and 7.6 ×106/kg, respectively. Five paitents presented with cytokine release syndrome (CRS), all of which were grade 1. No neurotoxicity was observed. All patients had successful HSCs engraftment and reached an objective response, including 5 (4 cHL and 1 ALCL, 83.3%) with a complete response (CR) and 1 with a partial response (PR). With a median follow-up of 20.4 (range, 12.1-34.4) months, all remained alive and maintained their responses.Conclusion: Our work demonstrates the combined administration of ASCT and CAR30 T-cell therapy is well-tolerate and highly effective in r/r cHL and ALCL, even in PET-positive or chemorefractory patients who are expected to have inferior outcome after ASCT, although further large-scaled validation in prospective clinical trial is warranted. Trial registration: The trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR, number ChiCTR2100053662).
Monkeypox Viral Detection In Semen Specimens of Confirmed Cases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sah Ranjit , Abdelaal Abdelaziz , Reda Abdullah , Brakat Aml , Lashin Basant , Abdelazeem Basel , Mohanty Aroop , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background The current literature shows increasing concerns about potential seminal transmission of monkeypox virus (MPV). Accordingly, we aimed to understand better the potential presence of MPV in the seminal fluids and others specimens obtained from monkeypox (MPX) cases. Methods On June 26, 2022, a systematic search of the literature was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, EBSCOHost-Academic Search Complete, and Google Scholar to find articles that examine the presence of MPV in seminal fluid of confirmed cases . The search was updated on August 12 to include newly published articles. The prevalence of MPV DNA presence in the seminal fluid and other specimens was pooled in a meta-analysis and results were presented as effect sizes and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). The quality of included articles was assessed using the National Institute of Health tool. Results Eight articles (including 585 MPX-confirmed patients) were included. Only four studies were eligible for a meta-analysis, and the individual positivity rate of MPV DNA in semen specimens ranged from 61.11% to as high as 90.62%, while the pooled rate was 78% (95% CI: 62-93%; I2=61.93%) among 91 examined patients. Moreover, the pooled positive rate of MPV DNA was the highest in rectal samples (100%; 95%CI: 94-100%), followed by urinary (31%; 95%CI: 1-61%), nasopharyngeal (28%; 95%CI: 24-32%), and blood/plasma (8%; 95%CI: 6-10%) samples, respectively. Furthermore, two articles also investigated the infectivity of MPV particles detected in seminal specimens by testing their replication competence. Culturing MPV was successful in one out of three patients included in these studies. Also, based on available evidence, the positivity of MPV in semen specimens can be observed early and up to 19 days after symptoms onset. Conclusions MPV is highly prevalent in seminal specimens of MPX cases, further corroborating the role of sexual transmission of the disease. However, further evidence is still needed to shed more light on the replication competence of these particles.
Rationale and design for the Shea lubricant, 2% Lidocaine gel non-inferiority trial
Authors: Adanu Kekeli Kodjo , Amegan-Aho Kokou , Iroko Davidson , Adedia David , Ndudiri Orish Verner 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Medical lubricants are indispensable in the care process. Several products are used as lubricants in the medical industry including lidocaine gel. However in Ghana, procurement delays and high cost means the product is not always available. Physicians therefore resort to the usage of inappropriate materials with attendant complications. Shea butter which is locally produced and widely available, when adequately processed may serve as a non-inferior substitute. However data on its use as a medical lubricant is lacking Objective: To compare the effectiveness, complications and ease of use of shea butter to 2lidocaine gel as a surgical lubricant for digital rectal examination. Outcomes: Primary outcome: the primary end point is mean difference in pain perception with a non-inferiority limit set at − 0.72. Secondary outcome: differences in complication rates including discomfort, urinary urgency, bowel urgency and perianal pruritus. The ease of use and lubricating associated with the use of the lubricant will also be assessed. Methods: This is a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial comparing the effectiveness of shea lubricant to lidocaine gel for digital rectal examination. A total of 152 patients will be randomized. The data will be collected at the Surgical, Urology and Emergency units of the Ho Teaching Hospital. The study will estimate the differences in pain perception using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) with a non-inferiority limit set at − 0.72. The ease of use of the lubricants will be assessed using a Likert scale. Similarly, associated complications such as discomfort, urinary urgency, bowel urgency and perianal pruritus will be ascertained using Likert scales. Discussion: Lidocaine gels are essential but expensive lubricants. The cost of 2% Lidocaine gel has been estimated to be at least three times that of plain gel in some jurisdictions. Significant cost savings could be made if the Shea lubricant can be substituted for the 2% Lidocaine gel in Ghana since the main raw material can be locally sourced. A non-inferiority testing is best suited for this comparative study since the 2% Lidocaine gel is a standardized lubricant which has been used frequently in trials. Despite limitations, we believe the SHEA-LIDO trial is well designed and will yield important results
Exogenous Gibberellic Acid and the Cytokinin Isopentenyladenine Retardants of Senescence in Romaine Lettuce1
Authors: Aharoni N. , Back A. , Ben-Yehoshua S. , Richmond A. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A single preharvest spray of gibberellic acid (GA3), alone or with the cytokinin, isopentenyladenine (IPA), retarded leaf yellowing, and, to a lesser extent, leaf rot of romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Hazera Yellow’). The most effective spray was 10 ppm GA3 plus 0.1 ppm IPA. Effects of 1 ppm GA3 together with 0.1 ppm IPA were similar to those of 25 ppm GA3 and were always superior to the controls (water-sprayed). Lettuce sprayed by the hormones and packed in polyethylene (PE) liners remained green and sound longer than that either sprayed or packaged.
Effectiveness of Five Vision-Lighting Sources on Photo-Regulation of 22 Species of Ornamental Plants1
Authors: Cathey Henry M. , Campbell Lowell E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
When compared at a level of 1 ft-c for 16 hours at a night temperature of 20°C, light from 5 types of sources delayed flowering of short-day plants (Chrysanthemum, marigold, Rieger begonia), promoted vegetative growth of 2 species of Ulmus, 2 each of Acer, and 1 of Koelreuteria, Rhododendron, Rhus, and Zelkova, and promoted flowering of long-day plants (carnation, marguerite daisy, Petunia) in the order from most to least effective: incandescent (INC) > high-pressure sodium (HPS) > > metal halide (MH) = cool white fluorescent (F) > > clear mercury (Hg). Poinsettia, Betula, Catalpa, Platanus, and Tilia continued to grow vegetatively in response to all sources. Ilex and 2 species of Pinus did not respond. Foot candles of light from HPS lamps had to be increased at least 4- to 8-fold to regulate vegetative growth of long-day plants and delay flowering of short-day plants in comparison to INC lamps. High-pressure sodium lamps were ineffective in promoting early flowering of long-day plants, regardless of intensity or duration.
Resistance in Eggplant, Solanum melongena L., and Nontuber-Bearing Solanum Species to Carmine Spider Mite1
Authors: Schalk J. M. , Stoner A. K. , Webb Ralph E. , Winters H. F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Agricultural Research Service collection of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and related Solanum species from throughout the world was screened for resistance to the carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval). Tolerance to mite feeding damage was found in S. melongena (P.I. 269663 and 269660), and antibiosis was found in S. mammosum L. (P.I. 245968), S. sisymbrifolium Lam. (P.I. 337597), and S. pseudocapsicum L. (P.I. 368425). P.I. accessions 245968, 368425, 269663, and 269660 were least preferred for feeding and oviposition.
Relation of Quality Indices of Individual Blueberries to Photoelectric Measurement of Anthocyanin Content1
Authors: Kushman L. J. , Ballinger W. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Individual fruit pH, total acidity (AC as %), soluble solids (SS as %), and SS/AC ratios correlated significantly with anthocyanin contents of ‘Wolcott’, ‘Morrow’, ‘Jersey’, and ‘Tifblue’ blueberries as measured by light transmission (ΔOD740-800 nm). Fruit orientation with respect to the light path influenced readings. The relationships of the light transmission values to the quality indices differed among cultivars.
The Response of Fruit Trees to Injection of Nitrogen through a Trickle Irrigation System1
Authors: Smith Michael W. , Kenworthy A. L. , Bedford C. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nitrogen was applied as a ground application at the recommended rate based on leaf analysis, or at 25, 50 or 100% of that rate injected through a trickle irrigation system in combination with 3 rates of water. Leaf N was not influenced by treatment. Fruit yield resulting from the ground application or the 100% and 50% injection treatments were equal, whereas the 25% injection rate gave variable results. Injection treatments had no marked effect on fruit size or fruit quality. N distribution within the tree was uniform where the trickle irrigation rate was 7.6 liters per hour. N levels in the leaves were lower at 15.2 liters per hour.
Effect of Soil Compaction on Carrot Roots1
Authors: Strandberg J. O. , White J. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Effects of soil compaction on early root growth of carrot (Daucus carota L.) growing in organic soil contained in specially constructed pots were studied under controlled environmental conditions. Screened and steamed mucky peat soil was artificially compacted with an applied pressure of 0.45 — 2.23 bars to produce soil densities of 0.7 — 1.1 g/cm3. Soil strength, measured as penetrometer resistance was directly related to applied compacting pressure and highly dependent upon soil moisture. Highest soil strengths were produced when the soil contained 52-58% moisture. Taproot lengths 16 days after seeding were significantly shorter at each increase in soil strength produced by applied compacting pressures of 0.45, 1.12, 1.51, and 2.23 bars. Rates of early taproot growth measured at 2-day intervals for 18 days were similarly decreased with increasing soil strength. Young taproots grew normally through compaction zones produced by 0.45 bars but were severely impeded when compaction zones produced by 1.12, 1.51, and 2.23 bars were encountered. Roots impeded by high soil strength were frequently thickened and convoluted with increased branching but no significant differences between treatments could be detected. Effects of soil compaction on mature roots were evidenced by abnormally short, blunt, and abruptly tapered roots. Mature root weight, diameter, and length decreased with increasing soil compaction.
Epicuticular Wax Formation on Carnation Plantlets Regenerated from Shoot Tip Culture1
Authors: Sutter Ellen , Langhans R. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Epicuticular wax fine structure on leaves from carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) grown in the greenhouse or regenerated from shoot tip culture was compared by scanning electron microscopy. Wax rods densely covered the glaucous leaf surface of greenhouse-grown plants. Irregularly-shaped wax plates were observed on leaves of glaucous plantlets, but no structured wax was seen on non-glaucous plantlets, which comprised the majority of plantlets. During 2½ weeks in the greenhouse, increasing amounts of structured epicuticular wax developed on leaves of glaucous plantlets but not of non-glaucous plantlets. The low survival rate of carnation plantlets regenerated in vitro may be explained by their lack of epicuticular wax structure which results in excess desiccation when they are transferred from in vitro conditions to the greenhouse.
Nutrition of Japanese Holly during Propagation and Production1
Authors: Ward James D. , Whitcomb Carl E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Slow-release nutrient sources produced larger, higher quality Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Hetzi’ plants than liquid fertilization at the same rates. Salable quality plants were produced in one growing season by using Osmocote in the propagation medium and incorporating isobutylidene diurea (IBDU) and fritted potassium (K-frit) or Osmocote plus dolomite, single-superphosphate, and micronutrients into the container-growing medium prior to transplanting liners. A wide range of IBDU,K-frit gave satisfactory results. Nutrition during propagation was essential for best growth and utilization of subsequent container nutrition. Cuttings from plants grown with IBDU, K-frit rooted better than those grown with Osmocote or liquid fertilizer.
Effect of Selected Dormant Pruning Techniques in a Hedgerow Apple Orchard1
Authors: Ferree D. C. , Lakso A. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three hand pruning systems (annual, biennial, and triennial) and 2 combinations of mechanical hedging and hand pruning were compared on 6 cultivars of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) on Mailing (M) 26 planted in 1968 at a spacing of 3.6 × 6 m. In general cultivars responded similarly to the pruning treatments. After 6 years the pruning treatments had no apparent influence on trunk circumference and tree height, but hedging decreased tree spread. There were similar light levels with all pruning treatments. Inserting limb spreaders and pruning annually had the highest labor requirements and was among the better treatments in inducing larger fruit size, accumulated yield/tree, yield/trunk cross sectional area and revenue/tree. Hedging plus biennial pruning had a smaller labor requirement and was equivalent to annual pruning in fruit size, accumulated yield/tree, yield/trunk cross sectional area and revenue/tree. Hedging followed by annual pruning resulted in the lowest number of fruit/tree, accumulated yield/tree and yield/trunk cross section and was considered the least desirable treatment.
Ultrastructure and Chemistry of Cuticular Waxes of Developing Citrus Leaves and Fruits1
Authors: Freeman B. , Albrigo L. G. , Biggs R. H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The ultrastructure of leaf and fruit surface waxes of citrus developed similarly. The wax layers of immature leaves and fruits were initially amorphous. Small protrusions and isolated regions of upright platelets then developed. All surfaces eventually cracked and uplifted to form large flat irregular plates. Epicuticular wax concentrations (μg/cm2) of new spring flush leaves were initially high, declined rapidly in March-April, and increased to June maxima after which levels declined slightly. Fruit epicuticular wax concentration generally declined in May-June and then increased into November. Secondary alcohols dominated citrus leaf waxes in March-April but quickly decreased or were diluted to trace levels. Overall, the major citrus leaf wax fractions were primary alcohols, with paraffins 2nd in importance. Aldehydes and fatty acids were dominant in citrus fruit waxes. For each cultivar, the relative proportions of individual wax fractions changed during the year. The intracuticular waxes were mainly fatty acids. The relationships between wax ultrastructure and chemistry in developing leaves and fruits are discussed.
The Influence of Auxin, Catechol and Methanolic Tissue Extracts on Root Initiation in Aseptically Cultured Shoot Apices of the Juvenile and Adult Forms of Hedera helix1
Authors: Hackett Wesley P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
There is very little rooting response of juvenile shoot apices to indole-acetic acid (IAA) at concentrations from 1 to 50 mg/liter when the light intensity is 400–500 ft-c. Naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA), however, promotes rooting very markedly with an optimum at 5 to 10 mg/1. There is a strong synergism between IAA at 10 mg/1 and catechol at 5 × 10−5M which results in a rooting response equal to that obtained with NAA at its optimum concentration. In low intensity light (50 ft-c) IAA is nearly as effective as IAA + catechol in high light. Rooting of adult apices in high intensity light is essentially zero using IAA, NAA or combinations of these auxins with catechol. In low intensity light rooting occurs using 10 mg/1 IAA and there is a marked synergism between IAA and catechol. The rooting response of adult tips in low intensity light is very similar to that of juvenile shoot tips in high intensity light. Three fractions of methanolic extracts of adult and juvenile shoot tissue promote rooting of juvenile shoot apices in high intensity light. Rooting of adult apices is not affected by these or other fractions.