bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deletion of arylamine N‐acetyltransferase 1 in MDA‐MB‐231 human breast cancer cells reduces primary and secondary tumor growth in vivo with no significant effects on metastasis
Authors: Doll Mark A. , Ray Andrew R. , Salazar‐González Raúl A. , Shah Parag P. , Vega Alexis A. , Sears Sophia M. , Krueger Austin M. , Hong Kyung U. , Beverly Levi J. , Hein David W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArylamine N‐acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) is frequently upregulated in breast cancer. Previous studies showed that inhibition or depletion of NAT1 in breast cancer cells diminishes anchorage‐independent growth in culture, suggesting that NAT1 contributes to breast cancer growth and metastasis. To further investigate the contribution of NAT1 to growth and cell invasive/migratory behavior, we subjected parental and NAT1 knockout (KO) breast cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7, and ZR‐75‐1) to multiple assays. The rate of cell growth in suspension was not consistently decreased in NAT1 KO cells across the cell lines tested. Similarly, cell migration and invasion assays failed to produce reproducible differences between the parental and NAT1 KO cells. To overcome the limitations of in vitro assays, we tested parental and NAT1 KO cells in vivo in a xenograft model by injecting cells into the flank of immunocompromised mice. NAT1 KO MDA‐MB‐231 cells produced primary tumors smaller than those formed by parental cells, which was contributed by an increased rate of apoptosis in KO cells. The frequency of lung metastasis, however, was not altered in NAT1 KO cells. When the primary tumors of the parental and NAT1 KO cells were allowed to grow to a pre‐determined size or delivered directly via tail vein, the number and size of metastatic foci in the lung did not differ between the parental and NAT1 KO cells. In conclusion, NAT1 contributes to primary and secondary tumor growth in vivo in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells but does not appear to affect its metastatic potential.
Capture of Spawning Brook Trout by Electrofishing Does Not Impair Embryo Survival
Authors: Howell Bradley E. , Stewart Erin M. C. , Frasca Vince R. , Wilson Chris C. , Raby Graham D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Electrofishing is widely used to capture fish in freshwater systems. Fisheries assessment and fish culture activities that occur during spawning do so in the absence of a meaningful base of evidence about the potential effects of electrofishing on fish reproduction. In this laboratory experiment, we assessed whether electrofishing adult Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis affected the survival of their embryos. We used two genetically distinct strains of Brook Trout (domestic and wild-origin strains) to do so. Both strains and sexes of fish were exposed to pulsed-DC electrofishing techniques in a fully factorial design (i.e., male shocked, female shocked, both parents shocked, or neither parent shocked [control]), after which their incubating offspring were monitored for survival to the eyed egg, alevin, and fry stages. We did not detect any effects of our electrofishing treatment or interactions with the sex or strain of the fish exposed to electrofishing, suggesting that electrofishing did not negatively impact gamete viability. Our results support the use of responsible electrofishing to collect spawning salmonids for the purpose of gamete collection for hatchery rearing.
Posterior tibial nerve stimulation improves neurogenic bladder in rats with spinal cord injury through transient receptor potential/P2X signaling pathway
Authors: Song Juan , Cao Xiaoyu , Zhang Akang , Fang Zheng , Xu Jiegou , Gao Xiaoping 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo study the influences of posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) on neurogenic bladder and the expression of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and P2X receptors in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) and explore the possible mechanism.MethodsSCI model was established by modified Allen's method and PTNS was performed. Urodynamic indexes and Haematoxylin and Eosine staining of bladder tissue were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect. The expression of TRP channels and P2X receptors in the bladder and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) was detected by real‐time PCR and Western blot.ResultsThe low compliance of bladder in treatment group was significantly improved compared with SCI group, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in bladder tissue was significantly reduced. At the same time, the expression of TRP and P2X in bladder and DRG was partially restored after the treatment of PTNS.ConclusionsPTNS is an effective therapy for SCI‐induced neurogenic bladder via the TRP/P2X signaling pathway.
Fabrication of thermal conductivity enhanced polymer composites with three‐dimensional networks based on natural cotton
Authors: Zhou Zhengrong , Huang Rongjin , Liu Huiming , Zhang Chi , Zhao Yalin , Miao Zhicong , Wu Zhixiong , Zhao Wanyin , Han Yemao , Li Laifeng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFunctional fillers prepared by facile natural materials have attracted much attention for their superior engineering performances and promise to replace the traditional, expensive, and environmentally unfriendly fillers. Herein, carbon fiber aerogel (CFA) was prepared by an annealing process of natural cotton. Silicon carbide (SiC)@CFA with antihygroscopic and thermal stability was further obtained by in‐situ growth via template‐assisted chemical vapor deposition method. After that, CFA/Epoxy composites and SiC@CFA/Epoxy composites with enhanced thermal conductivity at low‐loading fraction were prepared by vacuum‐assisted impregnation of epoxy resin. The SiC@CFA/Epoxy composites have higher thermal conductivity (0.404 W/[m·K] at 1.85 wt% filler at room temperature), higher resistivity, smaller coefficient of thermal expansion, and higher glass transition temperature than CFA/Epoxy composites. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the pure epoxy resin and the composites were tested from 150 to 370 K, and the ratio of the thermal conductivity of the composites to that of the pure epoxy resin is greater at low temperatures than at room temperature.
Comparison of Bayesian‐derived and first‐order analytic equations for calculation of vancomycin area under the curve
Authors: Olney Katie B. , Wallace Katie L. , Mynatt Ryan P. , Burgess David S. , Grieves Kaitlyn , Willett Austin , Mani Johann , Flannery Alexander H. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionConsensus guidelines recommend targeting a vancomycin area under the curve to minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC24:MIC) ratio of 400–600 to improve therapeutic success and reduce nephrotoxicity. Although guidelines specify either Bayesian software or first‐order equations may be used to estimate AUC24, there are currently no large studies directly comparing these methods.ObjectiveTo compare calculated vancomycin AUC24 using first‐order equations with two‐drug concentrations at steady state to Bayesian two‐ and one‐concentration estimations.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective cohort study of 978 adult hospitalized patients receiving intravenous vancomycin between 2017 and 2019. Patients were included if they received at least 72 h of vancomycin and had two‐serum drug concentrations obtained. AUC24 was calculated using first‐order analytic (linear), Bayesian two‐concentration, and Bayesian one‐concentration methods for each patient. The InsightRx™ software platform was used to calculate Bayesian AUC24. Pearson's correlation and clinical agreement (based on AUC24 classified as subtherapeutic, therapeutic, or supratherapeutic) were used to assess agreement between methods. Bland–Altman plots were used to assess mean difference (MD) and 95% limits of agreement (LOA).ResultsExcellent agreement was observed between linear and Bayesian two‐concentration methods (r = 0.963, clinical agreement = 87.4%) and Bayesian two‐concentration and one‐concentration methods (r = 0.931, clinical agreement = 88.5%); however, a degree of variability was noted with 95% LOA −99 to 76 (MD = −11.5 mg*h/L) and −92 to 113 (MD = −10.4 mg*h/L), for the respective comparisons. The agreement between linear and Bayesian one‐concentration approaches was less than prior comparisons (r = 0.823, clinical agreement = 76.8%) and demonstrated the greatest amount of variability with 95% LOA −197 to 153 (MD = −21.9 mg*h/L).ConclusionsLinear and Bayesian two‐concentration methods demonstrated high‐level agreement with acceptable variability and may be considered comparable to estimate vancomycin AUC24. As linear and Bayesian one‐concentration methods demonstrated significant variability and suboptimal agreement, concerns exist surrounding the interchangeability of these methods in clinical practice, particularly at higher extremes of AUC24.
Novel alternating copolyoxamides with high crystallinity and heat resistance
Authors: Gao Yuanbo , Yang Tingting , Wang Xueli , Chen Jizong , He Yong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo series of novel alternating copolyoxamides (PAnT‐alt‐n2 and PAn2‐alt‐62) are synthesized via solution/solid‐state polycondensation (SSP). The alternating structures are analyzed carefully with 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. The melting behaviors, thermal stabilities, crystal structures and crystallinities are systematically evaluated by DSC, TGA and WAXD. The results reveal that these alternating copolyoxamides possess almost perfect alternating chain structures and have high melting temperature (Tm > 270 °C), high crystallinity (Xc > 32%) and high decomposition temperature (T5 > 405 °C) as well as low saturated water absorption (<3.5 wt%), which suggests that they have high potential as engineering plastic of high heat resistant.
Precise Capillary‐Assisted Nanoparticle Assembly in Reusable Templates
Authors: Yu Henry S. C. , Conde‐Rubio Ana , Wang Hsiang‐Chu , Martin Olivier J. F. , Boero Giovanni , Brugger Jürgen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCapillary‐assisted particle assembly (CAPA) in predefined topographical templates is a scalable method for the precise positioning of nanoscale objects on various surfaces. High‐resolution CAPA templates are typically fabricated by expensive electron‐beam lithography and are used for a single assembly process. To increase the scalability and reduce the costs of the CAPA technique, the fabrication and characterization of reusable templates with nanoscale funnel‐shaped traps for repetitive precise nanoparticle placement are demonstrated. The yield of the first assembly of 100 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is as high as 94% with a median position offset of about 10 nm. The subsequent transfer process of the AuNPs from the silicon assembly template onto polymer surfaces, such as the elastic polydimethylsiloxane or the inelastic OrmoComp, shows a transfer yield larger than 99%. After the first transfer process, the assembly template is reused, resulting in a position offset and an assembly and transfer yield of this second assembly/transfer step that are comparable to the first ones. The obtained results demonstrate that the nanotemplates made by electron‐beam lithography can be reused for repeatable CAPA processes and thereby eliminate the need for recurring lithography steps for each assembly and thus make the CAPA technique more cost‐efficient.
Alcohol dehydrogenase expression patterns in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostatic adenocarcinoma in African American and Caucasian men
Authors: Stamis Sarah A. , Heath Elisabeth I. , Lucas Steven , Boerner Julie , Slusher Leslie B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn situ metabolism of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) contributes to oxidative damage of cells and DNA and has been linked to carcinogenesis in numerous epithelial tissues. The goal of this study was to determine expression patterns of ADH1 and ADH7 isozymes in normal, hyperplastic (benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH]) and neoplastic (prostate cancer [PCa]) prostate. Furthermore, racial differences in ADH expression between African Americans and Caucasians were investigated.MethodsADH expression patterns were characterized by density analysis of ADH immunohistochemistry (n = 21) and real‐time RT‐PCR of total RNAs by laser‐capture microdissection (n = 10) and whole tissue formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded prostate biopsies (n = 63).ResultsADH protein is found in normal prostate and is primarily associated with glandular epithelium. Transcripts of ADH1B are suppressed in PCa compared to BPH (p = 0.0095). Racial differences in ADH7 transcripts exist between African American and Caucasian men. A total of 57.6% of biopsies from African American prostates have detectable ADH7 messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts compared to the 13.3% of Caucasian prostate biopsies with detectable transcripts (p = 0.0005). This increased frequency of detection contributes to higher mean ADH7 mRNA transcript levels in African Americans (p = 0.001).ConclusionsTo our knowledge this study is the first to report downregulation of ADH1B in neoplastic prostate at the transcriptional level, suggesting protective regulatory functions. ADH7 transcripts were not detectable in all samples and was found in higher frequency and amount in our African American samples. Racial differences in ADH7 within the prostate is a novel finding and should be investigated further.
Machine‐learning‐based approach for predicting postoperative skeletal changes for orthognathic surgical planning
Authors: Ma Qingchuan , Kobayashi Etsuko , Fan Bowen , Hara Kazuaki , Nakagawa Keiichi , Masamune Ken , Sakuma Ichiro , Suenaga Hideyuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundManually surgical planning becomes an increasing workload of surgeons because of the fast‐growing patient population. This study introduced a machine‐learning‐based approach to assist surgical planning in orthognathic surgery.MethodsBoth preoperative and one‐year‐later postoperative computerised tomography images of 56 patients were collected. A 12‐layers cascaded deep neural network structure with two successive models was proposed to yield an end‐to‐end solution, where the first model extracts landmarks from 2D patches of 3D volume and the second model predicts postoperative skeletal changes.ResultsThe experimental results showed that the model obtained a prediction accuracy of 5.4 mm at the landmark level in 42.9 s. It also represented 74.4% of 3D regions at volume level when compared with the ground truth of human surgeons.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the feasibility of predicting postoperative skeletal changes for orthognathic surgical planning by using machine learning, showing great potential for reducing the workload of surgeons.
Facile Synthesis of Amides through Transamidation with Iodine under Neat Conditions
Authors: Girase Pankaj S. , Kumar Vishal , Dhawan Sanjeev , Karpoormath Rajshekhar 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIodine and NH2OH.HCl mediated transamidation of unactivated amides with a variety of amines under thermal/microwave irradiations. The current strategy is effective for a wide variety of primary, secondary, and tertiary amides and allows formylation, acylation, and benzoylation of various amines. The primary advantages of the current protocol are simple, rapid, absence of metal catalyst, low‐cost starting material as a solvent, and low environmental impact during the synthesis process.
Co/Cu Co‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Alkyl Iodides and Thioesters
Authors: Wang Lili , Wu Xia , Tian Qingqiang , Li Yahui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractInspired by the unique and ubiquitous nature of thioesters, great attention has been focused on the synthesis of thioesters. However, the harsh reaction conditions and equivalent oxidant required can still limit their applications. Here, a salcomine/IPrCuCl co‐catalyzed carbonylative thioalkylation of alkyl iodides using simple thioesters as a thiol surrogate is developed. This catalytic protocol displayed a good functional groups tolerance. The current work provides an inspiring example of the non‐nobel metal‐catalysed carbonylation for the synthesis of chalcogen‐containing compounds.
Direct Synthesis of Ethylene Glycol from Syngas
Authors: Sun Yi‐Lun , Chai Guo‐Liang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAfter decades of development, the reaction conditions for direct synthesis of ethylene glycol (EG) from syngas are still very harsh. The reason for the severe conditions of direct synthesis of EG is revealed by thermodynamic analysis. This review analyzed the reason why all the current studies on direct synthesis of EG from syngas are homogeneous synthesis. Through the evidence of other related studies and the exploration of reaction mechanism, some suggestions for the further investigation of direct synthesis of EG are also put forward. We also summarizes the progress of direct synthesis of EG from syngas in the past decades, and details the current development status. The catalysts, promoters and reaction conditions used for direct synthesis of EG are sorted out.
Two Coordination Polymers@Graphene Hybrid Electrodes for High‐Performance Supercapacitors with Enhanced Rate Capability and Specific Capacitance
Authors: Sun Xuwen , Qu Yan , Wang Guangming , Chen Tingting , Wang Guangning 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHybrids of polyoxometalate(POM)/transition‐metal complexes/graphene‐based electrode materials not only integrate the advantages of the individual components completely but also ameliorate the shortcomings to some extent, providing an efficient approach to fabricate high‐performance supercapacitors. In this work, we synthesized two novel isostructural compounds (Co(itmb)4[H2VW12O40] ⋅ 4H2O (1) and Zn(itmb)4[H2VW12O40] ⋅ 3H2O (2)) based on the Keggin ions via a hydrothermal method (itmb=1‐(imidazo‐1‐ly)‐4‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene). The specific capacitance of 1@50 %graphene (405.3 F g−1) and 2@50 %graphene (339.2 F g−1) were 1.33 and 1.19 times of 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, the 1@50 %graphene (93.5 %) and 2@50 %graphene (96 %) possess higher rate performance than 1 (90 %) and 2 (91 %), suggesting a significant enhancement of the electrical performance.
Fe3O4@RB@LDH: Efficient and Recyclable Photocatalyst Visible‐Light Mediated Synthesis of Pyran and Pyrrolidinone Derivatives and Their Anti‐Microbial Activities
Authors: Dutta Arup , Goswami Munmee , Rabha Jintu , Das Sukanya , Jha Dhruva K. , Nongkhlaw Rishanlang 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSelective and high yielding synthesis of pyran and pyrrolidinone derivatives through a magnetic layered double hydroxide (LDH) visible light photocatalyst (VLPC)‐promoted reaction is reported. The catalyst was prepared and characterized by various analytical techniques. Since it is magnetic the prepared catalyst could be easily separated from the reaction mixture by using an external magnet. The advantages of this synthetic protocol are good to excellent yields, short reaction times, easy catalyst recovery and recyclability. Also,in vitroantibacterial screening of pyrrolidinone derivative was studied against gram‐positiveBacillus cereus(B. cereus), gram‐negative bacteriaEscherichia coli(E. coli) andS. aureus. Compound9 f[Methyl‐2‐(3‐chlorophenyl)‐2,5‐dihydro‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carboxylate] exhibited the maximum activity against all the bacteria tested in the experiment.
Kinetics and Quantum Chemical Analysis of Intramolecular SN2 Reactions by Using Metal Salts and Promoted by Crown Ethers: Contact Ion Pair vs. Separated Nucleophile Mechanism
Authors: Oh Young‐Ho , Yun Wonhyuk , Lee Sungyul , Kim Dong Wook 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe efficacy of crown ether as a promoter for intramolecular SN2 reactions is presented, along with the underlying mechanism. The crown ether unit is shown to tremendously accelerate the acetoxylation/cyanation of the crown ether substrate 1 using the metal salts KOAc/KCN. Quantum chemical calculations are presented to examine whether KCN/KOAc reacts as a contact ion‐pair (CIP) or as a solvent‐separated ion‐pair (SIP). By comparing the Gibbs free energies of the transition states we predict that the CIP mechanism would be much more favorable than the SIP pathways for SN2 acetoxylation, whereas both routes are comparable for cyanation. Relative stability of pre‐reaction complexes of the two alternative routes is also examined. The pre‐reaction complex for the CIP pathway is much more stable (G lower by >6.0 kcal/mol) than the SIP counterparts for acetoxylation, indicating that experimental observation of this complex might be a direct evidence of the CIP mechanism of SN2 processes.
A Self‐Assembled Matrix System for Cell‐Bioengineering Applications in Different Dimensions, Scales, and Geometries
Authors: Xu Yong , Gaillez Michelle Patino , Zheng Kai , Voigt Dagmar , Cui Meiying , Kurth Thomas , Xiao Lingfei , Rothe Rebecca , Hauser Sandra , Lee Pao‐Wan , Wieduwild Robert , Lin Weilin , Bornhäuser Martin , Pietzsch Jens , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Zhang Yixin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStem cell bioengineering and therapy require different model systems and materials in different stages of development. If a chemically defined biomatrix system can fulfill most tasks, it can minimize the discrepancy among various setups. By screening biomaterials synthesized through a coacervation‐mediated self‐assembling mechanism, a biomatrix system optimal for 2D human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) culture and osteogenesis is identified. Its utility for hMSC bioengineering is further demonstrated in coating porous bioactive glass scaffolds and nanoparticle synthesis for esiRNA delivery to knock down the SOX‐9 gene with high delivery efficiency. The self‐assembled injectable system is further utilized for 3D cell culture, segregated co‐culture of hMSC with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as an angiogenesis model, and 3D bioprinting. Most interestingly, the coating of bioactive glass with the self‐assembled biomatrix not only supports the proliferation and osteogenesis of hMSC in the 3D scaffold but also induces the amorphous bioactive glass (BG) scaffold surface to form new apatite crystals resembling bone‐shaped plate structures. Thus, the self‐assembled biomatrix system can be utilized in various dimensions, scales, and geometries for many different bioengineering applications.
Vakuummikroelektronik mit Spindt‐Typ Feldemitter Arrays
Authors: Knapp Wolfram 
Published: February 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Jahr 1970 hat mit der Erfindung des Spindt Feldemitter Arrays die rasante Entwicklung der Vakuummikroelektronik begonnen. Spindt Feldemitter Arrays sind spannungsgesteuerte Elektronenquellen mit nanostrukturierten Hightech‐Kathoden, die das Quanten‐Tunneln für die kalte Feldemission bei hohen lokalen Feldstärken ausnutzen. Anhand der Fowler‐Nordheim Theorie wird gezeigt, dass eine hohe geometrische Feldverstärkung bei kleiner Extraktionsspannung unter 100 V die Effizienz der Elektronenfeldemission deutlich erhöht. Das wird im Design durch die Verringerung der Elektrodenabstände unter 1 μm und mit Emitter‐Spitzenradien kleiner 25 nm erreicht. Die Substitution der thermischen Kathoden und viele vakuumelektronische Anwendungsmöglichkeiten zum Beispiel in miniaturisierten Röntgenröhren sind Motivationen stetiger Weiterentwicklungen. Bei Spindt FEAs gibt es aber auch Probleme in der Nutzungsdauer, vor allem wenn sie Durchschlägen in der vakuumelektronischen Anwendung ausgesetzt sind.