bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The emerging coloprotective effect of sildenafil against ulcerative colitis in rats via exerting counterbalance between NF-κB signaling and Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway
Authors: El-Tanbouly Ghada S. , Abdelrahman Rehab S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe current work explored the influences of time dependent Sildenafil (SILD) administration, and the possible outcomes from its concomitant administration with dexamethasone against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Rats were assigned into six random groups: diseased group (AA), injected once with 2 ml acetic acid (3%) intrarectally, 2 days before sacrification. SILD + AA, received sildenafil (25 mg/kg, orally) for 6 days starting 3 days pre-injection of AA; SILD-t + AA, received sildenafil (25 mg/kg, orally), starting at time of AA injection and continued for 3 days; DEXA + AA, received dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 days, starting at time of AA injection; SILD-t + DEXA + AA, received sildenafil (25 mg/kg, orally) and dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, i.p.), as mentioned. Sildenafil markedly ameliorated disease activity index (DAI), ulcer scores, colon length shortening and colonic histopathological changes. Mechanistically, Sildenafil markedly attenuated immunoexpression of NF-κB p65/ TNF-α and COX-2, diminished oxidative stress (↓ MDA/NO levels and ↑ GSH level and SOD activity), increased levels of Nrf-2/HO-1, compared to untreated group. Taken together, Sildenafil treatment suppressed acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis, probably via inhibiting NF-κB/TNF-α signaling dependent of Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway, reducing oxidative stress and attenuating inflammation. Surprisingly, effects of sildenafil were unpromoted in a time dependant manner. Short term treatment with sildenafil was sufficient to exert its coloprotective effect, while longer term pretreatment was only superior among other treatments in the macroscopical changes. Moreover, concurrent administration of sildenafil and dexamethasone had the preference in boosting the antioxidant defense and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, visualized by histopathological/immunohistochemical changes.
Normative measurements of orbital structures by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Rana Khizar , Juniat Valerie , Rayan Aaron , Patel Sandy , Selva Dinesh 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
We describe and compare the normative values of orbital structures in an Australian cohort on T1-weighted MRI and fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI.

Methods
Retrospective review of patients who underwent 3T orbital MRI. The maximum extraocular muscle (EOM) and superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) diameters on normal orbits were recorded. The extraocular muscle diameters were summed to produce the sum of all muscles.

Results
The normal measurements (mean ± SD) from 141 orbits that had fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced MRI: medial rectus, 4.1 ± 0.5 mm; lateral rectus (LR), 3.9 ± 0.7 mm; superior muscle group (SMG), 4.5 ± 0.7 mm; inferior rectus (IR), 4.6 ± 0.7 mm; and SOV, 1.8 ± 0.7 mm. The normal measurement from 84 orbits that had T1-weighted MRI: MR, 4.1 ± 0.5 mm; LR, 3.4 ± 0.6 mm; SMG, 4.3 ± 0.7 mm; IR, 4.6 ± 0.7 mm; SOV, 2.0 ± 0.7 mm. Eighty-four orbits had both MRI sequences performed. The LR, SMG and the sum of all muscles were significantly larger on fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI sequence than the T1-weighted sequence (P < 0.01), whereas the SOV was significantly larger on the T1-weighted sequence (P < 0.01).

Conclusion
These data may aid in diagnosing pathological enlargement of the EOMs and SOV on different scan sequences.
Spanish Rhythm Association member´s perspectives on cardiac implantable electronic device reuse in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Ruiz Iñigo Lorenzo , Arantzamendi Larraitz Gaztañaga , Mendia Xabier Marichalar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Postmortem explanted cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) from developed countries could provide patients unable to afford new devices in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) a treatment they lack.
This study describes the preferences of electrophysiologists and device implanting cardiologists from Spain on the management of explanted CIEDs and opinions and concerns regarding reuse in LMIC.

Methods
A nationwide self-administered questionnaire was sent to members of the Spanish Rhythm Association (n = 1110), between December 2020 and January 2021.

Results
Forty-two physician responses were obtained (response rate 5%). There was a strong preference to donate explanted devices for reuse in humans (61.9%) or animals (31%). The vast majority of the participants thought device reutilization was safe, ethical, and a reasonable alternative if a new device is not accessible. Moreover, they indicated they would be comfortable asking patients to consider post-mortem donation, and willing to implant post-mortem explanted and resterilized devices if they were unable to obtain new ones. 57.1% of respondents considered it would be beneficial for patients to have a document so they could reflect their wishes regarding device handling after their death. The most mentioned concerns regarding device reuse were malfunction (57.1%) and infection (54.8%).

Conclusions
The majority of respondents support reusable CIED donation to LMIC. It would be interesting to study the feasibility of a nationwide device reutilization program.
Scale-dependent effects of landscape context on urban bee diversity
Authors: Janvier Amy Joy , Ulyshen Michael D. , Braman Charles A. , Traylor Clayton , Edelkind-Vealey Miriam , Braman S. Kristine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs urbanization continues throughout much of the world, there is great interest in better understanding the value of urban and residential environments to pollinators. We explored how landscape context affects the abundance and diversity of bees on 50 residential properties in northern Georgia, USA, primarily in and around Athens, GA. Over 2 years of pan trap sampling we collected 4938 bees representing 111 species, from 28 genera in five families, constituting 20% of the species reported for the state. Development correlated positively with bee diversity at small (< 2.5 square km) scales, and positively with six of eight individual bee species’ abundances. Agriculture often correlated positively with bee diversity at larger spatial scales (> 2.5 square km), and negatively at smaller spatial scales. Forest cover correlated negatively with bee diversity at small spatial scales, but positively at larger scales. This trend was also largely true for individual bee species abundances. Bee communities differed between sites by predominant land cover types (agriculture, forest and development). Simper and indicator species analysis revealed which species contributed heavily to the observed patterns and helped to determine group distinctions.Implications for insect conservationOur results show that residential landscapes can support high bee diversity and that this diversity is sensitive to landscape context at different scales. Although development appears to have a negative effect on bee diversity overall, some bee species are favored by the open conditions characteristic of developed areas. Moreover, forest remnants appear to be valuable habitats for many species and are thus important to regional bee diversity. Urban planning that prioritizes and incorporates forest remnant conservation will promote bee abundance and diversity.
An Empirical Attempt to Operationalize Chasing Losses in Gambling Utilizing Account-Based Player Tracking Data
Authors: Auer Michael , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn recent years, account-based player tracking data have been utilized as a potential tool to identify problem gambling online and associated markers of harm. One established marker of harm among problem gamblers is chasing losses, and chasing losses is a key criterion for gambling disorder in the most recent edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Given the paucity of research with respect to chasing losses among online casino players using account-based data, the present study developed five metrics that may be indicative of chasing behavior: These were (i) within-session chasing, (ii) across-session chasing, (iii) across-days chasing, (iv) regular gambling account depletion, and (v) frequent session depositing. The authors were given access by a European online casino to raw data of all players who had placed at least one bet or wagered at least once during December 2021 (N = 16,771 players from the UK, Spain, and Sweden). Results indicated that frequent session depositing reflected chasing losses better than any of the other four metric operationalizations used. While frequent session depositing appears to be more indicative of chasing losses than the other four metrics, all the metrics provide useful information which can be used to help identify problematic gambling behavior online.
Model and Measurements of an Optical Stack for Broadband Visible to Near-Infrared Absorption in TiN MKIDs
Authors: Kouwenhoven K. , Elwakil I. , Wingerden J. van , Murugesan V. , Thoen D. J. , Baselmans J. J. A. , Visser P. J. de 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTypical materials for optical Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detetectors (MKIDs) are metals with a natural absorption of $$\sim $$
∼
30–50% in the visible and near-infrared. To reach high absorption efficiencies (90–100%) the KID must be embedded in an optical stack. We show an optical stack design for a 60 nm TiN film. The optical stack is modeled as sections of transmission lines, where the parameters for each section are related to the optical properties of each layer. We derive the complex permittivity of the TiN film from a spectral ellipsometry measurement. The designed optical stack is optimised for broadband absorption and consists of, from top (illumination side) to bottom: 85 nm SiO2, 60 nm TiN, 23 nm of SiO2, and a 100 nm thick Al mirror. We show the modeled absorption and reflection of this stack, which has >80% absorption from 400 to 1550 nm and near-unity absorption for 500–800 nm. We measure transmission and reflection of this stack with a commercial spectrophotometer. The results are in good agreement with the model.
A Sensibility Assessment of the Job Demands and Accommodation Planning Tool (JDAPT): A Tool to Help Workers with an Episodic Disability Plan Workplace Support
Authors: Gignac Monique A. M. , Bowring Julie , Tonima Sabrina , Franche Renee-Louise , Thompson Aaron , Jetha Arif , Smith Peter M. , Macdermid Joy C. , Shaw William S. , Van Eerd Dwayne , Beaton Dorcas E. , Irvin Emma , Tompa Emile , Saunders Ron 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurpose Sensibility refers to a tool’s comprehensiveness, understandability, relevance, feasibility, and length. It is used in the early development phase to begin assessing a new tool or intervention. This study examined the sensibility of the job demands and accommodation planning tool (JDAPT). The JDAPT identifies job demands related to physical, cognitive, interpersonal, and working conditions to better target strategies for workplace supports and accommodations aimed at assisting individuals with chronic health conditions. Methods Workers with a chronic health condition and workplace representatives were recruited from health charities, workplaces, and newsletters using convenience sampling. Cognitive interviews assessed the JDAPT’s sensibility. A 70% endorsement rate was the minimum level of acceptability for sensibility concepts. A short screening tool also was administered, and answers compared to the complete JDAPT. Results Participants were 46 workers and 23 organizational representatives (n = 69). Endorsements highly exceeded the 70% cut-off for understandability, relevance, and length. Congruence between screening questions and the complete JDAPT suggested both workers and organizational representatives overlooked job demands when completing the screener. Participants provided additional examples and three new items to improve comprehensiveness. The JDAPT was rated highly relevant and useful, although not always easy to complete for someone with an episodic condition. Conclusions This study highlights the need for tools that facilitate accommodations for workers with episodic disabilities and provides early evidence for the sensibility of the JDAPT.
LIMEcraft: handcrafted superpixel selection and inspection for Visual eXplanations
Authors: Hryniewska Weronika , Grudzień Adrianna , Biecek Przemysław 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe increased interest in deep learning applications, and their hard-to-detect biases result in the need to validate and explain complex models. However, current explanation methods are limited as far as both the explanation of the reasoning process and prediction results are concerned. They usually only show the location in the image that was important for model prediction. The lack of possibility to interact with explanations makes it difficult to verify and understand exactly how the model works. This creates a significant risk when using the model. The risk is compounded by the fact that explanations do not take into account the semantic meaning of the explained objects. To escape from the trap of static and meaningless explanations, we propose a tool and a process called LIMEcraft. LIMEcraft enhances the process of explanation by allowing a user to interactively select semantically consistent areas and thoroughly examine the prediction for the image instance in case of many image features. Experiments on several models show that our tool improves model safety by inspecting model fairness for image pieces that may indicate model bias. The code is available at: http://github.com/MI2DataLab/LIMEcraft.
Walking the walk? Bank ESG disclosures and home mortgage lending
Authors: Basu Sudipta , Vitanza Justin , Wang Wei , Zhu Xiaoyu Ross 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe show that banks with high environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings issue fewer mortgages in poor localities—in number and dollar amount—than banks with low ESG ratings. This lending disparity happens at both the county and census tract level, worsens in disaster areas of severe hurricane strikes, is robust to alternative ESG ratings (including using only the social (S) component), and cannot be explained by banks’ differential deposit networks. We find no difference in mortgage default rates between high- and low-ESG banks, rejecting an alternative explanation based on differential credit screening quality. We report a complementary, not substitution, relation between high-ESG banks’ mortgage lending and their community development investments (like affordable housing projects) in poor localities. Loan-application-level analyses confirm that high-ESG banks are more likely than low-ESG banks to reject mortgage loans in poor neighborhoods. The evidence hints at social wash: banks deploy prosocial rhetoric and symbolic actions while not lending much in disadvantaged communities, the social function they arguably ought to perform. Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) examinations partially undo the social wash effect.
The imagined learner in adult literacy education policy research: An international comparison
Authors: Belzer Alisa , Grotlüschen Anke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis article provides a comparative analysis of the ways in which learners are portrayed in researchers’ descriptions of adult literacy education policy. Although adult learners are rarely referred to directly in policy or in policy research, a range of assumptions about them may be inferred through close analysis of related research literature. This analysis draws on an earlier meta-synthesis (prepared by the first author and Amy Pickard) of adult learner portrayals in qualitative research which identified a typology of “learner characters” that were predictably employed in descriptions across a large variety of texts. They argued that these learner types were likely to “drive the action” in terms of further research, policy and practice just like characters drive the plot in literary narratives. Asking “Who are the (imagined) learners in research that describes policy documents pertaining to adult literacy?”, this article takes this line of thought further by demonstrating that identifying learner types in policy analysis research can inform thinking about who the policy is really for, what is valued, and who benefits. This, in turn, can provide researchers with a distinctive lens for policy analysis and critique. The authors of this article identify five types of imagined learners: the Problem, the Pawn, the Afterthought, the Competitor, and the Competent Citizen.
Lipid droplets and perilipins in canine osteosarcoma. Investigations on tumor tissue, 2D and 3D cell culture models
Authors: Leitner N. , Hlavatý J. , Ertl R. , Gabner S. , Fuchs-Baumgartinger A. , Walter Ingrid 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Lipid droplets were identified as important players in biological processes of various tumor types. With emphasis on lipid droplet-coating proteins (perilipins, PLINs), this study intended to shed light on the presence and formation of lipid droplets in canine osteosarcoma. For this purpose, canine osteosarcoma tissue samples (n = 11) were analyzed via immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy for lipid droplets and lipid droplet-coating proteins (PLINs). Additionally, we used the canine osteosarcoma cell lines D-17 and COS4288 in 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid (cultivated for 7, 14, and 21 days) in vitro models, and further analyzed the samples by means of histochemistry, immunofluorescence, molecular biological techniques (RT-qPCR, Western Blot) and electron microscopical imaging. Lipid droplets, PLIN2, and PLIN3 were detected in osteosarcoma tissue samples as well as in 2D and 3D cultivated D-17 and COS4288 cells. In spheroids, specific distribution patterns of lipid droplets and perilipins were identified, taking into consideration cell line specific zonal apportionment. Upon external lipid supplementation (oleic acid), a rise of lipid droplet amount accompanied with an increase of PLIN2 expression was observed. Detailed electron microscopical analyzes revealed that lipid droplet sizes in tumor tissue were comparable to that of 3D spheroid models. Moreover, the biggest lipid droplets were found in the central zone of the spheroids at all sampling time-points, reaching their maximum size at 21 days. Thus, the 3D spheroids can be considered as a relevant in vitro model for further studies focusing on lipid droplets biology and function in osteosarcoma.
Medical management patterns in a US commercial claims database following a nontraumatic fracture in postmenopausal women
Authors: Wang Xin , Xu Xiaoqing , Oates Mary , Hill Timothy , Wade Rolin L. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Summary
Among women ≥ 50 years with fracture, 76% had not received osteoporosis diagnosis or treatment at 6 months and only 14% underwent a DXA scan. Nearly half of all and 90% of hip fracture patients required surgery. Fractures cause substantial clinical burden and are not linked to osteoporosis diagnosis or treatment.

Purpose
Osteoporosis (OP) and OP-related fractures are a major public health concern, associated with significant economic burden. This study describes management patterns following a nontraumatic fracture for commercially insured patients.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study identified women aged ≥ 50 years having their first nontraumatic index fracture (IF) between January 1, 2015 and June 30, 2019, from IQVIA’s PharMetrics® Plus claims database. Medical management patterns at month 6 and medication use patterns at months 6, 12, and 24 following the IF were described.

Results
Among 48,939 women (mean (SD) age: 62.7 (9.5) years), the most common fracture types were vertebral (30.6%), radius/ulna (24.9%), and hip (HF; 12.1%). By month 6, 76% of patients had not received an OP diagnosis or treatment, 13.6% underwent a DXA scan, and 11.2% received any OP treatment. Surgery was required in 43.1% of all patients and 90.0% of HF patients on or within 6 months of the fracture date. Among HF patients, 41.4% were admitted to a skilled nursing facility, 96.7% were hospitalized an average of 5.5 days, and 38.1% required durable medical equipment use. The 30-day all-cause readmission rate was 14.3% among those hospitalized for the IF. Overall, 7.4%, 9.9%, and 13.2% had a subsequent fracture at months 6, 12, and 24, respectively.

Conclusion
Our findings provide an overview of post-fracture management patterns using real-world data. OP was remarkably underdiagnosed and undertreated following the initial fracture. Nontraumatic fracture, particularly HF, resulted in substantial ongoing clinical burden.
GANT61/BI-847325 combination: a new hope in lung cancer treatment
Authors: El-Kishky Abdel Halim M. , Moussa Nermine , Helmy Maged W. , Haroun Medhat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDespite the huge efforts employed to implement novel chemotherapeutic paradigms for lung cancer, the disease still remains a major concern worldwide. Targeting molecular pathways as Hedgehog (Hh) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) represent a new hope in lung cancer treatment. This work was undertaken to evaluate the antitumor effects of GANT61 (5 μM), BI-847325(30 μM), and GANT61 (5 μM)/BI-847325(30 μM) combination on A549 adenocarcinoma lung cancer cell line. The growth inhibition 50 (GI50) for both drugs was performed using MTT. The protein levels of Caspase-3, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL-1), cyclin D1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), p-Akt, and phosphohistone H3 (pHH3) were measured using ELISA. Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1(Gli1) gene expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. The GI50 for GANT61 and BI-8473255 were 5 µM and 30 µM, respectively. Caspase-3 and Bax protein levels were significantly elevated while MCL-1, cyclin D1, VEGF, ERK 1/2, p-Akt, and pHH3 levels were significantly reduced by both drugs and their combination relative to the control group. Gli1 gene expression was down-regulated in all groups relative to the control group. GANT61, BI-847325 and their combination inhibited proliferation and angiogenesis but activated the apoptotic pathway. Both drugs conferred a profound negative impact on the crosstalk between each of Hh and MAPK pathways and Phosphoinositide 3 -kinases (PI3K)/Akt/Mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR). To the best of our knowledge, the antitumor effects of BI-847325/GANT61 combination have not been tested before. Further in-vitro and in-vivo studies are warranted to support the findings.
Blocking Kripke’s Argument Against the Type-Identity Theory of Mind
Authors: Gozzano Simone 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, I present a two-pronged argument devoted to defending the type-identity theory of mind against the argument presented by Kripke inNaming and Necessity. In the first part, the interpersonal case, I show that since it is not possible to establish the metaphysical conditions for phenomenal identity, it is not possible to argue that there can be physical differences between two subjects despite their phenomenal identity. In the second part, the intrapersonal case, I consider the possibility of imagining one and the same individual having the same phenomenal state while counterfactually being in very different physical states. I argue that this case should respect Kripke’s implicit theory of personal identity—but this proves to be a very difficult task to accomplish, thus preventing the argument from getting off the ground. Therefore, I maintain, that the type-identity theory is still the better option to solve the mind–body problem.