bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Hahn-Banach theorem and some of its applications
Authors: Olteanu Octav 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
First, this work provides an overview of some of the Hahn-Banach type theorems. Of note, some of these extension results for linear operators found recent applications to isotonicity of convex operators on a convex cone. Next, the work investigates applications of the Krein-Milman theorem to representation theory and elements of Choquet theory. A sandwich theorem of intercalating an affine function

h

h

between

f

f

and

g
,

g,

where

f

f\hspace{.25em}

and

–
g

\mbox{--}g

are convex,

f
≤
g

f\le g

on a finite-simplicial set, is recalled. Its recent topological version is also noted. Here, the novelty is that a finite-simplicial set may be unbounded in any locally convex topology on the domain space. Third, the paper summarizes and comments on recently published applications of a Hahn-Banach extension result for positive linear operators, combined with polynomial approximation on unbounded subsets, to the Markov moment problem. Some applications to concrete spaces are detailed as well. Finally, this work provides a characterization of a finite-dimensional convex bounded subset in terms of the property that any convex function defined on that subset is bounded below. This last property remains valid for a large class of convex operators.
The crystal structure of (4-fluorophenyl)(5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-yl)methanol, C12H11FO3
Authors: Gao Yanrong , Ran Hui , Tang Wenqiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
C12H11FO3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.0648(9) Å, b = 8.3896(5) Å, c = 10.5727(9) Å, β = 104.204(8)°, V = 1037.44(14) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0614, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1516, T = 293 K.
Profile Photos’ Impact in Online Reviews: The Effect of Cultural Differences
Authors: Broeder Peter 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In the context of the continuous expansion of e-commerce worldwide, online consumer reviews have become the most accessible and influential form of electronic worth-of-mouth available to everyone on the internet. This raises a challenge for companies with local as well as global customers. It is germane to know whether there are cultural differences reflected in online reviews, as consumers from distinctively different cultures might trust the evaluation of the same product or service differently. In the present study, Dutch and Japanese individuals (N = 166) were presented with two variations of an online excursion review on a holiday booking website. The review with a profile photo of the reviewer was perceived as more realistic. However, this did not directly influence consumers’ booking intention. Meanwhile, the degree of trust in the review affected the inclination to book the excursion. Some cultural differences were found. The Dutch group reported higher booking intentions and trust than the Japanese group, both with the photo-absent review as well as the photo-present review. The implications of these findings contribute to a better understanding of cultural specifics and global universals in e-commerce, enabling the development of more effective online marketing communications.
Lifting the pen and the gaze: embodied recruitment in collaborative writing
Authors: Mlynář Jakub 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article investigates sequences of collaborative writing that are part of classroom interaction in student dyads and triads working with a digital device and a paper worksheet. In analyzing instances from a corpus of 18 h of video recordings made in five high-school classrooms through an ethnomethodological and conversation analytic approach, I focus on two embodied practices which do the work of recruiting assistance during the course of inscribing: lifting the pen and lifting the gaze. These practices are viewed as ordinary digressions from the basic posture of the writing body. I demonstrate that lifting the pen as a recruitment practice can be done as a brief stopping of the pen in its movement, as wrist rotation, or as hand elevation. Lifting the gaze can have varying temporal properties and occur synchronously with hand-on-face gestures. I conclude that collaborative writing underlines the indeterminacy of bodily practices as either recruitments, requests or contributions to joint courses of action. I also suggest that the identified practices may be further investigated as components of the specific speech-exchange system inherent to the activity of writing together.
Abschnittsweise Analyse sprachlicher Flüssigkeit in der Lernersprache: Das Ganze ist weniger informativ als seine Teile
Authors: Belz Malte , Odebrecht Carolin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this corpus-based study we explore three measurements of L2 fluency – articulation rate, filler particles, and pauses –, both within and between two registers of spontaneous dialogues spoken by Polish learners of German. The measurements are assessed bothin toto(as calculated over the whole dialogue) andin parte(as calculated for specific sections). The sections are identified on a quantitative tier that divides the dialogue into four parts, and qualitatively on two linguistically-informed tiers, comprising sections based on dialogue move and task. We challenge the assessment of fluency as an average measurement over the entire dialogue, showing that a sectionwise analysis offers a better understanding of similarities and differences both within and between the two registers.
Construction and Empirical Analysis of High-Quality Development Evaluation System of Recreational Fisheries in China to Promote the Development of Health Care and Leisure Industry
Authors: Lu Fei , Qin Wei , Gong Hongping 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To establish an evaluation system for the high-quality development of China’s recreational fisheries, this paper will cover five aspects: the construction of leisure environments, efficient resource allocation, economic structure optimization, infrastructure improvement, and high-quality project cultivation. In this paper, the entropy weighting method is used to measure the subsystem and comprehensive level of recreational fisheries in 29 provinces of China during 2018. The results show that there are different subsystem levels for the high-quality development of recreational fisheries in different provinces, and the comprehensive level of high-quality development of recreational fisheries presents the characteristics of the spatial pattern of declining gradients in the eastern, central, and western regions. The Chinese government should consider both the advantages and disadvantages of the high-quality development of recreational fisheries in different provinces to plan the path for further high-quality development of these fisheries, giving priority to the improvement and perfection of the backward subsystem level and promoting the high-quality development level of recreational fisheries in the central and western provinces of China through the regional coordination interactive policy.
Brain Network Allostasis after Chronic Alcohol Drinking Is Characterized by Functional Dedifferentiation and Narrowing
Authors: Pérez-Ramírez Úrsula , López-Madrona Víctor J. , Pérez-Segura Andrés , Pallarés Vicente , Moreno Andrea , Ciccocioppo Roberto , Hyytiä Petri , Sommer Wolfgang H. , Moratal David , Canals Santiago 
Published: April 2022

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) causes complex alterations in the brain that are poorly understood. The heterogeneity of drinking patterns and the high incidence of comorbid factors compromise mechanistic investigations in AUD patients. Here we used male Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msP) rats, a well established animal model of chronic alcohol drinking, and a combination of longitudinal resting-state fMRI and manganese-enhanced MRI to provide objective measurements of brain connectivity and activity, respectively. We found that 1 month of chronic alcohol drinking changed the correlation between resting-state networks. The change was not homogeneous, resulting in the reorganization of pairwise interactions and a shift in the equilibrium of functional connections. We identified two fundamentally different forms of network reorganization. First is functional dedifferentiation, which is defined as a regional increase in neuronal activity and overall correlation, with a concomitant decrease in preferential connectivity between specific networks. Through this mechanism, occipital cortical areas lost their specific interaction with sensory-insular cortex, striatal, and sensorimotor networks. Second is functional narrowing, which is defined as an increase in neuronal activity and preferential connectivity between specific brain networks. Functional narrowing strengthened the interaction between striatal and prefrontocortical networks, involving the anterior insular, cingulate, orbitofrontal, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortices. Importantly, these two types of alterations persisted after alcohol discontinuation, suggesting that dedifferentiation and functional narrowing rendered persistent network states. Our results support the idea that chronic alcohol drinking, albeit at moderate intoxicating levels, induces an allostatic change in the brain functional connectivity that propagates into early abstinence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExcessive consumption of alcohol is positioned among the top five risk factors for disease and disability. Despite this priority, the transformations that the nervous system undergoes from an alcohol-naive state to a pathologic alcohol drinking are not well understood. In our study, we use an animal model with proven translational validity to study this transformation longitudinally. The results show that shortly after chronic alcohol consumption there is an increase in redundant activity shared by brain structures, and the specific communication shrinks to a set of pathways. This functional dedifferentiation and narrowing are not reversed immediately after alcohol withdrawal but persist during early abstinence. We causally link chronic alcohol drinking with an early and abstinence-persistent retuning of the functional equilibrium of the brain.
The Nogo-66 Receptors NgR1 and NgR3 Are Required for Commissural Axon Pathfinding
Authors: Vaccaro Giuseppe , Dumoulin Alexandre , Zuñiga Nikole R. , Bandtlow Christine E. , Stoeckli Esther T. 
Published: April 2022

Nogo-66 receptors (NgR1-3) are glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-linked proteins that belong to the leucine-rich repeat superfamily. Through binding to myelin-associated inhibitors, NgRs contribute to the inhibition of axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. Their role in limiting synaptic plasticity and axonal outgrowth in the adult CNS has been described previously, but not much is known about their role during the development of the nervous system. Here, we show that NgR1 and NgR3 mRNAs are expressed during spinal cord development of the chicken embryo. In particular, they are expressed in the dI1 subpopulation of commissural neurons during the time when their axons navigate toward and across the floorplate, the ventral midline of the spinal cord. To assess a potential role of NgR1 and NgR3 in axon guidance, we downregulated them usingin ovoRNAi and analyzed the trajectory of commissural axons by tracing them in open-book preparations of spinal cords. Our results show that loss of either NgR1 or NgR3 causes axons to stall in the midline area and to interfere with the rostral turn of postcrossing axons. In addition, we also show that NgR1, but not NgR3, requires neuronal PlexinA2 for the regulation of commissural axon guidance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOver the last decades, many studies have focused on the role of NgRs, particularly NgR1, in axonal regeneration in the injured adult CNS. Here, we show a physiological role of NgRs in guiding commissural axons during early development of the chicken spinal cordin vivo. Both NgR1 and NgR3 are required for midline crossing and subsequent turning of postcrossing axons into the longitudinal axis of the spinal cord. NgR1, but not NgR3, forms a receptor complex with PlexinA2 during axon guidance. Overall, these findings provide a link between neural regenerative mechanisms and developmental processes.
School Racial Segregation and the Health of Black Children
Authors: Wang Guangyi , Schwartz Gabriel L. , Kim Min Hee , White Justin S. , Glymour M. Maria , Reardon Sean , Kershaw Kiarri N. , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Inamdar Pushkar P. , Hamad Rita 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES
Few researchers have evaluated whether school racial segregation, a key manifestation of structural racism, affects child health, despite its potential impacts on school quality, social networks, and stress from discrimination. We investigated whether school racial segregation affects Black children’s health and health behaviors.

METHODS
We estimated the association of school segregation with child health, leveraging a natural experiment in which school districts in recent years experienced increased school segregation. School segregation was operationalized as the Black-White dissimilarity index. We used ordinary least squares models as well as quasi-experimental instrumental variables analysis, which can reduce bias from unobserved confounders. Data from the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1997–2014, n = 1248 Black children) were linked with district-level school segregation measures. Multivariable regressions were adjusted for individual-, neighborhood-, and district-level covariates. We also performed subgroup analyses by child sex and age.

RESULTS
In instrumental variables models, a one standard deviation increase in school segregation was associated with increased behavioral problems (2.53 points on a 27-point scale; 95% CI, 0.26 to 4.80), probability of having ever drunk alcohol (0.23; 95% CI, 0.049 to 0.42), and drinking at least monthly (0.20; 95% CI, 0.053 to 0.35). School segregation was more strongly associated with drinking behaviors among girls.

CONCLUSIONS
School segregation was associated with worse outcomes on several measures of well-being among Black children, which may contribute to health inequities across the life span. These results highlight the need to promote school racial integration and support Black youth attending segregated schools.
The Dance with Community
Authors: Fowler Robert Booth 
Published: April 2022

Contemporary intellectuals have rushed to embrace the concept of *#8220;community.” What does this tell us about American political thought? Why are intellectuals uneasy with modern liberal individualism and its institutional policy results? Why is political intellectual discourse dominated today by complaint?In The Dance with Community Robert Booth Fowler reflects upon these and related questions. “My goal,” he writes, “is to present contemporary political thought about community for what it is—a conversation interactive, spirited, and sometimes tough.”There have been many interpretations of the much-discussed decline in community spirit. Rather than offer another, Fowler steps back to look at the debate itself. He examines from the perspective of an intellectual historian the attention to community in current American political thought and explores the setting of that attention.He also identifies five alternative models of community integral to the current debates and sketches a clear image of each—its relationship to others, the logic of its appeal, and its emphases and problems. In each instance he places the model into the larger conversation over alternative communities and the value of community itself.
The Sex Radicals
Authors: Sears Hal D. 
Published: April 2022

This volume provides the first account of the pioneering efforts at sex reform in America from the Gilded Age to the Progressive era. Despite the atmosphere of extreme prudery and the existence of the Comstock laws after the Civil War, a group of radicals emerged to attack conventional beliefs about sex, from traditional marriage to women's chattel status in society. These men and women had in common a direct, unrespectable, iconoclastic style. They put forth outrageous journalism and had a penchant for martyrdom and for using the courts to publicize their ideologies. From rare and generally unknown sources, Hal D. Sears pieced together the story of the sex radicals and their surprising ideas. Moses Harman, a minister turned abolitionist and freethinker, is a central figure in the narrative. His Lucifer, the Light Bearer, the only journal of sexual liberty published from the early 1880s to 1907, was dedicated to free love, sex education, women's rights, and related causes. To a great degree Harman's publication defines the limits of social dissent in the late nineteenth century. Other members of the sex radical circle included E. B. Foote, a medical doctor who made a fortune with a home medical book crammed with sex information; Edwin Walker and Lillian Harman, who became a cause among radicals when their jailhouse honeymoon in Kansas challenged the right of the state to regulate marriage; Elmina Slenker, who promoted a theory of sexual energy sublimation and the idea that women were the superior sex; and Lois Waisbrooker, Dora Forster, Lillie White, and other feminists who, almost a century ago, taught and preached the very ideas we hear today in the women's movement. Of course, all these people got into trouble with the law, mostly through the machinations of their archvillain, Anthony Comstock. Sears examines Comstock's powers of postal censorship and describes Comstock's personal vendettas against sexual dissenters, particularly the free love philosopher Ezra Heywood. He gives a legal history of obscenity and explains the sex radicals' significance in the emergence of obscenity law. Although the sex radicals attest the important reform vitality of provincial culture in late nineteenth-century America, until now they have been almost ignored by historians. Those who have studied sex radicalism at all, apart from its communitarian and sectarian aspects, have viewed it merely as a subsidiary of the more respectable feminist movement. In this book Sears gives careful consideration to the links between sex radicalism and spiritualism, feminism, anticlericalism, anarchism, and the free-thought movement. He presents sex radicalism as a separate and unique movement which illuminates new reaches of the Victorian landscape and establishes a tradition for present-day liberation trends.
Slave Women in the New World
Authors: Morrissey Marietta 
Published: April 2022

In this innovative study, Marietta Morrissey reframes the debate over slavery in the New World by focusing on the experiences of slave women. Rich in detail and rigorously comparative, her work illuminates the exploitation, achievements, and resilience of slave women in the British, Dutch, French, Spanish, and Danish colonies in the Caribbean from 1600 through the mid 1800s.Morrissey examines a wide spectrum of experience among Caribbean slave women, including their work at home, in the fields, and as domestics; their roles as wives and mothers; their health, sexuality, and fertility; and their decline in status with the advent of industrialization and the abolition of slavery.Life for these women, Morrissey shows, was much more hazardous, brutal, and fragmented than it was for their counterparts in the American South. These women were in a constant, dynamic struggle with men—both masters and fellow slaves—over the foundations of their social experience. This experience was defined both by their status as slaves and by gender inequality. On the one hand, their slave status gradually robbed them of their domain—the household economy—and created a kind of perverse equality in which slave women—like slave men—became “units of agricultural labor.” One the other hand, slave women were denied the access that slave men eventually gained to skilled agricultural work. The result of this gender inequality, as Morrissey convincingly demonstrates, was a further erosion of the status and authority of slave women within their own culture.Morrissey’s study, which addresses significant issues in women's history and black history, will go far toward reshaping our perceptions of slave life in the new world.
The Roosevelt Foreign-Policy Establishment and the "Good Neighbor"
Authors: Woods Randall Bennett 
Published: April 2022

The Good Neighbor Policy was tested to the breaking point by Argentina-U.S. relations during World War II. In part, its durability had depended both upon the willingness of all American republics to join with the United States in resisting attempts by extrahemispheric sources to intervene in New World affairs and upon continuity within the United States foreign-policy establishment. During World War II, neither prerequisite was satisfied, Argentina chose to pursue a neutralist course, and the Latin American policy of the United States became the subject of a bitter bureaucratic struggle within the Roosevelt administration. Consequently, the principles of nonintervention and noninterference, together with “absolute respect for the sovereignty of all states,” ceased to be the guideposts of Washington’s hemispheric policy.In this study, Randall Bennett Woods argues persuasively that Washington’s response to Argentine neutrality was based more on internal differences—individual rivalries and power struggles between competing bureaucratic empires—than on external issues or economic motives. He explains how bureaucratic infighting within the U.S. government, entirely irrelevant to the issues involved, shaped important national policy toward Argentina.Using agency memoranda, State Department records, notes on conversations and interviews, memoirs, and personal archives of the participants, Woods looks closely at the rivalries that swayed the course of Argentine-American relations. He describes the personal motives and goals of men such as Sumner Welles, Cordell Hull, Henry Morgenthau, Harry Dexter White, Henry A. Wallace, and Milo Perkins. He delineates various cliques within the State Department, including the contending groups of Welles Latin Americanists and Hull internationalists—and describes the power struggles between the State Department, the Treasury Department, the Board of Economic Welfare, the Caribbean Defense Command, and other agencies.Of special interest to students of contemporary history will be Woods’s discussion of the careers and views of Juan Peron and Nelson Rockefeller—for American policy contributed in no small way to Peron’s rise, and Rockefeller was the man chiefly responsible for the U.S. rapprochement with Argentina in 1944–45. Woods also gives special attention to the impact of the Wilsonian tradition—especially its contradictions—on policy formation. The last chapter, dealing with Argentina’s admission to the U.N., sheds some light on the origins of the Cold War.Wood’s investigation of the Argentine problem makes a significant contribution toward the understanding of U.S.-Latin American relations in the era of the Good Neighbor Policy, and provides new insights into the evolution of hemispheric policy as a whole during World War II. It reflects the growing emphasis on bureaucratic politics as a principal determinant of U.S. diplomacy.