bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effects of an electric barrier on fish entrainment in an irrigation canal in Colorado
Authors: Kowalski Dan A. , Gardunio Eric I. , Garvey Chase A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEntrainment of fish in irrigation canals is a source of mortality for sport and native fishes and can affect populations and species diversity. To reduce entrainment of wild trout, an electric barrier was installed on the South Canal, an irrigation ditch on the Gunnison River in western Colorado, USA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the barrier by marking fish upstream of it and estimating fish populations in the canal downstream before and after the barrier was operational. Three groups of fish were tagged and released upstream of the barrier: fish from the canal, wild fish from the Gunnison River, and hatchery‐reared Rainbow Trout. Boat electrofishing was completed in the canal reach below the barrier, and population estimates were made with the Huggins Closed Capture Model. The estimated Brown Trout population of the canal declined following the installation of the barrier, but Rainbow Trout remained stable because of the entrainment of small fish and their growth and survival in the canal. A total of 288 tagged fish less than 300 mm and 4 fish greater than 300 mm were recovered below the barrier, representing 1.3% of all tagged fish. The electric barrier appears to successfully exclude a portion of adult‐sized trout from the irrigation canal, but smaller adult and sub‐adult trout can pass the barrier. The entrainment, growth, and survival of smaller fish maintain a reduced but stable population of fish in the canal, but fewer entrained mature fish is likely a benefit to the populations of the Gunnison River.
3D Printing of Functional Metal and Dielectric Composite Meta‐Atoms
Authors: Stevens Christopher John , Spanos Ioannis , Vallechi Andrea , McGhee Jack , Whittow William 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this report, a novel fabrication method, based on casting Field's metal inside dielectric molds made via fused deposition modeling, is presented. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has become one of the most common rapid prototyping methods. Whilst it generally produces good quality mechanical structures in thermoplastics, few reliable methods have been demonstrated that produce good quality 3D electrically conductive structures. By using Field's metal to transform dielectric molds into conductive structures, nearly any continuous metal geometry buried within the polymer can be created, allowing for the realization of complex 3D architectures. A wide range of thermoplastic materials used in fused deposition modeling have been investigated, to identify the best candidates in terms of processing temperature, relative permittivity, and loss tangent. Experimental measurements and X‐ray computer tomography scans are used to determine the quality of structures fabricated using this method. Based on these findings, functional metamaterials devices operating at 600–700 MHz with highQ‐factors have been produced. This method shows potential to be incorporated into standard FDM setups and could be utilized for the fabrication of curved and 3D geometries.
The Importance of Decarbonylation Mechanisms in the Atomic Layer Deposition of High‐Quality Ru Films by Zero‐Oxidation State Ru(DMBD)(CO)3
Authors: Schneider Joel R. , de Paula Camila , Lewis Jacqueline , Woodruff Jacob , Raiford James A. , Bent Stacey F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAchieving facile nucleation of noble metal films through atomic layer deposition (ALD) is extremely challenging. To this end, η4‐2,3‐dimethylbutadiene ruthenium(0) tricarbonyl (Ru(DMBD)(CO)3), a zero‐valent complex, has recently been reported to achieve good nucleation by ALD at relatively low temperatures and mild reaction conditions. The authors study the growth mechanism of this precursor by in situ quartz‐crystal microbalance and quadrupole mass spectrometry during Ru ALD, complemented by ex situ film characterization and kinetic modeling. These studies reveal that Ru(DMBD)(CO)3 produces high‐quality Ru films with excellent nucleation properties. This results in smooth, coalesced films even at low film thicknesses, all important traits for device applications. However, Ru deposition follows a kinetically limited decarbonylation reaction scheme, akin to typical chemical vapor deposition processes, with a strong dependence on both temperature and reaction timescale. The non‐self‐limiting nature of the kinetically driven mechanism presents both challenges for ALD implementation and opportunities for process tuning. By surveying reports of similar precursors, it is suggested that the findings can be generalized to the broader class of zero‐oxidation state carbonyl‐based precursors used in thermal ALD, with insight into the design of effective saturation studies.
Organic β‐cyclodextrin Nanoparticle: An Efficient Building Block Between Functionalized Poly(pyrrole) Electrodes and Enzymes
Authors: Buzzetti Paulo Henrique M. , Carrière Marie , Brachi Monica , Gorgy Karine , Mumtaz Muhammad , Borsali Redouane , Cosnier Serge 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlyconanoparticles (GNPs) made by self‐assembly of carbohydrate‐based polystyrene‐block‐β‐cyclodextrin copolymer are used as a building block for the design of nanostructured biomaterials of electrode. The firm immobilization of GNPs is carried out on electrochemically generated polymer, poly(pyrrole‐adamantane), and copolymer, poly(pyrrole‐adamantane)/poly(pyrrole‐lactobionamide) via host–guest interactions between adamantane and β‐cyclodextrin. The ability of GNPs for the specific anchoring of biological macromolecules is investigated using glucose oxidase enzyme modified by adamantane groups as a protein model (GOx‐Ad). The immobilization of GOx‐Ad is carried out by incubation of an aqueous enzyme solution on a coating of GNPs adsorbed on a platinum electrode. The presence of immobilized GOx‐Ad is evaluated in aqueous glucose solution by potentiostating the underlying platinum electrode at 0.7 V/SCE for the electro‐oxidation of H2O2 generated by the enzyme. The analytical performance of the bioelectrodes for the detection of glucose is compared to control electrodes prepared without GNPs or without electropolymerized films. The better permeability of copolymer compared to polymer and the possibility to elaborate two alternating layers of GNPs and GOx‐Ad are clearly observed. The best amperometric response is recorded with a multilayered bioelectrode displaying a wide linear range linear range of the calibration curve: 68 µmol L−1 to 0.1 mol L−1.
Flavor symmetries in an SU(5) model of grand unification
Authors: Lindestam Malte , Ohlsson Tommy , Pernow Marcus 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We investigate the options for imposing flavor symmetries on a minimal renormalizable non-supersymmetric SU(5) grand unified theory, without introducing additional flavor-related fields. Such symmetries reduce the number of free parameters in the model and therefore lead to more predictive models. We consider the Yukawa sector of the Lagrangian, and search for all possible flavor symmetries. As a result, we find 25 distinct realistic flavor symmetry cases, with ℤ2, ℤ3, ℤ4, and U(1) symmetries, and no non-Abelian cases.
Electroweak phase transitions with BSM fermions
Authors: Gabelmann Martin , Mühlleitner M. Margarete , Müller Jonas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the impact of additional beyond-the-Standard Model (BSM) fermions, charged under the Standard Model (SM) SU(2)L ⊗ U(1)Y gauge group, on the electroweak phase transition (EWPT) in a 2-Higgs-Doublet-Model (2HDM) of type II. We find that the strength of the EWPT can be enhanced by about 40% compared to the default 2HDM. Therefore, additional light fermions are a useful tool to weaken the tension between increasing mass constraints on BSM scalars and the requirement of additional light scalar degrees of freedom to accommodate a strong first order EWPT. The findings are of particular interest for a variety of (non-minimal) split supersymmetry scenarios which necessarily introduce additional light fermion degrees of freedom.
A stochastic representation for the solution of approximated mean curvature flow
Authors: Grande Raffaele 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe evolution by horizontal mean curvature flow (HMCF) is a partial differential equation in a sub-Riemannian setting with applications in IT and neurogeometry [see Citti et al. (SIAM J Imag Sci 9(1):212–237, 2016)]. Unfortunately this equation is difficult to study, since the horizontal normal is not always well defined. To overcome this problem the Riemannian approximation was introduced. In this article we obtain a stochastic representation of the solution of the approximated Riemannian mean curvature using the Riemannian approximation and we will prove that it is a solution in the viscosity sense of the approximated mean curvature flow, generalizing the result of Dirr et al. (Commun Pure Appl Math 9(2):307–326, 2010).
Predictors for wound healing complications and prolonged hospital stay in patients with isolated calcaneal fractures
Authors: Bläsius Felix Marius , Stockem Laura Elisabeth , Knobe Matthias , Andruszkow Hagen , Hildebrand Frank , Lichte Philipp 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Surgically treated calcaneal fractures have a high risk of postoperative wound healing complications and a prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS). The aim of this study was to identify predictor variables of impaired wound healing (IWH) and LOS in surgically treated patients with isolated calcaneal fractures.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study analyzed data on patients aged 18 years or older who were admitted to a level I trauma center with isolated calcaneal fractures between 2008 and 2018. Multivariable regression models were used to identify predictor variables.

Results
In total, 89 patients (age: 45.4 years; SD: 15.1) were included. In 68 of these patients, low-profile locking plate osteosynthesis was performed, and a minimally invasive approach (MIA) (percutaneous single screws/K-wire or low-profile locking plating via a sinus tarsi approach) was applied in 21 patients. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that a higher preoperative Böhler’s angle (β = − 0.16 days/degree, 95% CI [− 0.25, − 0.08], p = 0.004) and MIA (β = − 5.04 days, 95% CI [− 8.52, − 1.56], p = 0.002) reduced the LOS. A longer time-to-surgery (β = 1.04 days/days, 95% CI [0.66, 1.42] p = 0.001) and IWH increased the LOS (β = 7.80 days, 95% CI [4.48, 11.12], p = 0.008). In a subsequent multivariable regression analysis, two variables, open fractures (OR: 14.6, 95% CI [1.19, 180.2], p = 0.030) and overweight (BMI > 24) (OR: 3.65, 95% CI [1.11, 12.00], p = 0.019), increased the risk of IWH.

Conclusion
Advanced treatment algorithms for open fractures are needed to reduce the risk of IWH.
Interactions Between Plastic, Microbial Biofilms and Gammarus pulex: An Initial Investigation
Authors: Valentine Katey L. , Boxall Alistair B. A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that microbial biofilms which form on the surface of marine plastics can increase plastics palatability, making it more attractive to organisms. The same information, however, does not exist for freshwater systems. This study observed the response of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex when exposed to 3 cm-diameter discs of biofilm-covered plastic, both alone and when presented alongside its natural food. G. pulex did not fragment or consume the plastic materials, and the presence of colonised plastic in the immediate environment did not alter the amount of time organisms spent interacting with their natural food. This study provides baseline information for virgin and microbially colonised low-density polyethylene and polylactic acid film. Further studies, with other types of plastic possessing different physical properties and with different microbial biofilm compositions are now required to build further understanding of interactions between plastic, microbial biofilms, and freshwater shredding invertebrates.
Recurrence in traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations increases the prevalence of Hill–Sachs and Bankart lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rutgers Cain , Verweij Lukas. P. E. , Priester-Vink Simone , van Deurzen Derek F. P. , Maas Mario , van den Bekerom Michel P. J. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The extent of shoulder instability and the indication for surgery may be determined by the prevalence or size of associated lesions. However, a varying prevalence is reported and the actual values are therefore unclear. In addition, it is unclear whether these lesions are present after the first dislocation and whether or not these lesions increase in size after recurrence. The aim of this systematic review was (1) to determine the prevalence of lesions associated with traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations, (2) to determine if the prevalence is higher following recurrent dislocations compared to first-time dislocations and (3) to determine if the prevalence is higher following complete dislocations compared to subluxations.

Methods
PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and Web of Science were searched. Studies examining shoulders after traumatic anterior dislocations during arthroscopy or with MRI/MRA or CT published after 1999 were included. A total of 22 studies (1920 shoulders) were included.

Results
The proportion of Hill–Sachs and Bankart lesions was higher in recurrent dislocations (85%; 66%) compared to first-time dislocations (71%; 59%) and this was statistically significant (P < 0.01; P = 0.05). No significant difference between recurrent and first-time dislocations was observed for SLAP lesions, rotator-cuff tears, bony Bankart lesions, HAGL lesions and ALPSA lesions. The proportion of Hill–Sachs lesions was significantly higher in complete dislocations (82%) compared to subluxations (54%; P < 0.01).

Conclusion
Higher proportions of Hill–Sachs and Bankart were observed in recurrent dislocations compared to first-time dislocations. No difference was observed for bony Bankart, HAGL, SLAP, rotator-cuff tear and ALPSA. Especially when a Hill–Sachs or Bankart is present after first-time dislocation, early surgical stabilization may need to be considered as other lesions may not be expected after recurrence and to limit lesion growth. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to substantial heterogeneity and large variance.

Level of evidence
IV.
Chromatographic fingerprint application possibilities in food authentication
Authors: Górska-Horczyczak Elżbieta , Zalewska Magdalena , Wierzbicka Agnieszka 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of the use of low-peak chromatographic fingerprints for the differentiation of various food products. Three groups of unprocessed products (mushrooms, hazelnuts and tomatoes), food preparations (bread, dried herbs and tomato juice) and alcoholic beverages (vodka and two types of blended whiskey) were examined. A commercial electronic nose based on ultrafast gas chromatography (acquisition time 90 s) with a flame ionization detector was used for the research. Static headspace was used as a green procedure to extract volatile compounds without modifying the food matrix. Individual extraction conditions were used for each product group. Similarities and differences between profiles were analyzed by simple Principal Components Analysis. The similarity rating was determined using the Euclidean distances. Global model was built for recognition chromatographic fingerprints of food samples. The best recognition results were 100% and 89% for tomato juices, spices, separate champignon elements and hazelnuts. On the other hand, the worst recognition results were 56% and 77% for breads and strong alcoholic beverages.
Ibandronate Suppresses Changes in Apatite Orientation and Young's Modulus Caused by Estrogen Deficiency in Rat Vertebrae
Authors: Ishimoto Takuya , Saito Mitsuru , Ozasa Ryosuke , Matsumoto Yoshihiro , Nakano Takayoshi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBone material quality is important for evaluating the mechanical integrity of diseased and/or medically treated bones. However, compared to the knowledge accumulated regarding changes in bone mass, our understanding of the quality of bone material is lacking. In this study, we clarified the changes in bone material quality mainly characterized by the preferential orientation of the apatite c-axis associated with estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis, and their prevention using ibandronate (IBN), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate. IBN effectively prevented bone loss and degradation of whole bone strength in a dose-dependent manner. The estrogen-deficient condition abnormally increased the degree of apatite orientation along the craniocaudal axis in which principal stress is applied; IBN at higher doses played a role in maintaining the normal orientation of apatite but not at lower doses. The bone size-independent Young's modulus along the craniocaudal axis of the anterior cortical shell of the vertebra showed a significant and positive correlation with apatite orientation; therefore, the craniocaudal Young’s modulus abnormally increased under estrogen-deficient conditions, despite a significant decrease in volumetric bone mineral density. However, the abnormal increase in craniocaudal Young's modulus did not compensate for the degradation of whole bone mechanical properties due to the bone loss. In conclusion, it was clarified that changes in the material quality, which are hidden in bone mass evaluation, occur with estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis and IBN treatment. Here, IBN was shown to be a beneficial drug that suppresses abnormal changes in bone mechanical integrity caused by estrogen deficiency at both the whole bone and material levels.
Impaired coronary flow reserve in patients with supra-normal left ventricular ejection fraction at rest
Authors: Wu Ping , Zhang Xiaoli , Wu Zhifang , Chen Huanzhen , Guo Xiaoshan , Jin Chunrong , Qin Gang , Wang Ruonan , Wang Hongliang , Sun Qiting , Li Li , Yan Rui , Li Xiang , Hacker Marcus , Li Sijin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPurposeRecently, a “U” hazard ratio curve between resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and prognosis has been observed in patients referred for routine clinical echocardiograms. The present study sought to explore whether a similar “U” curve existed between resting LVEF and coronary flow reserve (CFR) in patients without severe cardiovascular disease (CVD) and whether impaired CFR played a role in the adverse outcome of patients with supra-normal LVEF (snLVEF, LVEF ≥ 65%).MethodsTwo hundred ten consecutive patients (mean age 52.3 ± 9.3 years, 104 women) without severe CVD underwent clinically indicated rest/dipyridamole stress electrocardiography (ECG)-gated13 N-ammonia positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were followed up for 27.3 ± 9.5 months, including heart failure, late revascularization, re-hospitalization, and re-coronary angiography for any cardiac reason. Clinical characteristics, corrected CFR (cCFR), and MACE were compared among the three groups categorized by resting LVEF detected by PET/CT. Dose–response analyses using restricted cubic spline (RCS) functions, multivariate logistic regression, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were conducted to evaluate the relationship between resting LVEF and CFR/outcome.ResultsAn inverted “U” curve existed between resting LVEF and cCFR (p = 0.06). Both patients with snLVEF (n = 38) and with reduced LVEF (rLVEF, LVEF < 55%) (n = 66) displayed a higher incidence of reduced cCFR than those with normal LVEF (nLVEF, 55% ≤ LVEF < 65%) (n = 106) (57.9% vs 54.5% vs 34.3%,p < 0.01, respectively). Both snLVEF (p < 0.01) and rLVEF (p < 0.05) remained independent predictors for reduced cCFR after multivariable adjustment. Patients with snLVEF encountered more MACE than those with nLVEF (10.5% vs 0.9%, log-rankp = 0.01).ConclusionsPatients with snLVEF are prone to impaired cCFR, which may be related to the adverse prognosis. Further investigations are warranted to explore its underlying pathological mechanism and clinical significance.
Drain Amylase Concentrations at 3 h After Gastrectomy Enhance Early Prediction of Postoperative Peripancreatic Inflammatory Fluid Collection
Authors: Nakanishi Koki , Kanda Mitsuro , Tanaka Chie , Takeda Shigeomi , Tanaka Katsuhito , Shimizu Dai , Inokawa Yoshikuni , Hattori Norifumi , Hayashi Masamichi , Nakayama Goro , Fujiwara Michitaka , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite numerous studies of peripancreatic inflammatory fluid collection (PIFC) that report on the relevance of the drain amylase concentration (D‐AMY), early prediction using this assay is problematic. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of measuring the D‐AMY at 3 h after gastrectomy (POD0) for gastric cancer.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included consecutive patients who underwent gastrectomy combined with peripancreatic lymph node dissection. The predictive value of D‐AMY on POD0 and postoperative day 1 (POD1) for clinically relevant PIFC was evaluated together or individually.ResultsAnalyses were performed in 204 patients. Twenty (9.8%) patients experienced PIFC. D‐AMY cutoffs of 721 IU/L on POD0 and 1695 IU/L on POD1 were determined using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for predicting PIFC. The D‐AMY on POD0 had higher sensitivity (80%) but lower specificity (66.3%) for prediction of PIFC, compared with those of D‐AMY on POD1 (65%, 89.1%, respectively). When combination marker analysis was performed, the highest risk group (D‐AMY ≥ the cutoff values of POD0 and POD1) were associated with an elevated rate of occurrence (44%) and a high positive likelihood ratio (7.36) compared with those of the single cutoff group. The lowest risk group (D‐AMY < the cutoff values on POD0 and POD1) was associated with a low rate of occurrence (2.5%) and low negative likelihood ratio (0.24) compared with those of the single cutoff group.ConclusionsCombined measurements of D‐AMYs on POD0 and POD1 enhanced early prediction of PIFC after gastrectomy.