bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black tunnels and hammocks
Authors: Biggs William D. , Santos Jorge E. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
We construct the holographic duals to a large N, strongly coupled $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills conformal field theory defined on a four-dimensional de Sitter-Schwarzschild background. There are two distinct five-dimensional bulk solutions. One, named the black tunnel, is static and possesses two disconnected horizons. The other, the black hammock, contains only one horizon in the bulk. The hammock horizon is not a Killing horizon, and hence possesses interesting properties, such as non-vanishing expansion and shear, as well as allowing classical flow along it. The DeTurck method was used in order to attain the black tunnel solutions, whilst the black hammocks were found in Bondi-Sachs gauge.
Evaluation of three extraction methods for the isolation of PAHs from recycled paperboard materials intended for food contact applications
Authors: Parigoridi Ioanna-Efpraxia , Tsoumani Eleftheria , Akrida-Demertzi Konstantoula , Demertzis Panagiotis G. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe present work is part of a comprehensive study aiming to identify and quantify an array of harmful contaminants at very low concentrations in recycled paperboard materials intended for food contact applications. In this initial study, three commonly used extraction techniques were optimized and tested for their efficacy and accuracy in isolating 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from three commercially available food packaging materials made from recycled paperboard. The techniques were Soxtec extraction (SE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The recoveries of all three methods were rather satisfactory; 10 out of 13 substances were recovered at rates between 70 and 124% using the SE method, 8 out of 13 substances were recovered at rates between 50 and 134% using the UAE method, and finally, 8 out of 13 substances were recovered at rates between 70 and 105% using the HS-SPME method. Regarding accuracy, the HS-SPME method gave the best results at 125 μg kg−1, as 7 out of 13 concentration values were within acceptable limits, while only five and four concentration values were within limits for the UAE and SE methods, respectively. Furthermore, the results of both the calculated RSD and HorRat values indicated that HS-SPME is more accurate for extracting PAHs than the other two methods.
Microneedling combined with botulinum toxin-A versus microneedling combined with platelet-rich plasma in treatment of atrophic acne scars: a comparative split face study
Authors: Albalat Waleed , Ghonemy Soheir , Saleh Ayat , Elradi Mona 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Atrophic post-acne scarring constitutes a troublesome cosmetic concern for both patients and dermatologists. Old and new therapies as well as combinations are being introduced to achieve a satisfactory response. Microneedling has been used either alone or under different combinations for its treatment. The aim was to compare its combination with topical platelet-rich plasma versus its combination with topical Botulinum Toxin-A.

Methods
30 subjects with different types and grades of atrophic post-acne scars completed the study. Right side of the face was treated with microneedling and platelet-rich plasma while the left side was treated microneedling and Botulinum toxin-A. Response was assessed using two different scales. Patient satisfaction and pain were also assessed.

Results
Regarding response to therapy and according to the quartile grading scale, there was no statistically significant difference between the two sides where (23.4% & 13.3%) of the right and left sides, respectively, had an excellent response. Regarding the difference in the qualitative global scarring grading system before and after treatment, there was a highly statistically significant improvement on both sides with higher improvement on the right side than left side but in a non-statistically significant way.

Conclusions
Both combinations present efficacious options for treating acne scars with comparable efficacy.

Trial registration
Registered and approved prospectively by the ethical review board of the faculty of medicine, Zagazig University.
Incidence of melancholic depression by age of onset and gender in the Lundby population, 1947–1997
Authors: Nöbbelin Linnéa , Bogren Mats , Mattisson Cecilia , Brådvik Louise 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWhether melancholic depression is a distinct syndrome or not has long been debated. There are few studies providing information about the epidemiology of melancholic depression. In this study, we investigate the incidence rates, overall as well as by gender and age of onset of melancholic depression according to Taylor and Fink and corresponding DSM–IV disorders: major depressive disorder (MDD) with melancholic specifier, MDD with psychotic features, MDD with postpartum debut and bipolar depression in the Lundby population. Incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The incidence rate of melancholic depression was 0.48 (CI 0.36–0.61) per 1000 person-years under risk. The rates of the corresponding DSM-IV disorders were as follows: MDD with melancholic specifier 0.38 (CI 0.27–0.49), MDD with psychotic features 0.13 (CI 0.07–0.21), MDD with postpartum debut 0.02 (CI 0.00–0.06) and bipolar depression 0.04 (CI 0.01–0.10). Females had a significantly higher incidence rate, with a peak in age group 40–49, in melancholic depression according to Taylor and Fink and MDD with melancholic specifier. There was no gender difference in incidence rates of MDD with psychotic features or bipolar depression. The diagnoses were set in retrospect and the number of subjects with MDD with postpartum debut and bipolar depression was low. Incidence of melancholia was low in the Lundby Study. There was a female preponderance to become melancholically depressed in line with research on undifferentiated depression.
Environmental stress, minority status, and local poverty: risk factors for mental health in Berlin’s inner city
Authors: Darabi Debora , Kluge Ulrike , Penka Simone , Mundt Adrian P. , Schouler-Ocak Meryam , Butler Jeffrey , Liu Shuyan , Heinz Andreas , Rapp Michael A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study examines whether climate change-associated environmental stressors, including air and noise pollution, local heat levels, as well as a lack of surrounding greenspace, mediate the effects of local poverty on mental health, using the 28-item General Health Questionnaire. We recruited 478 adults who were representative of eleven of Berlin’s inner-city neighborhoods. The relationship of individual-level variables, neighborhood-level sociodemographic and environmental data from the Berlin Senate (Department for Urban Development, Building and Housing) to mental health was assessed in a multilevel model using SPSS. We found that neither local exposure to environmental stressors, nor available greenspace as a protective factor, mediated the effects of local poverty on variance in mental health (all p values > 0.2). However, surrounding greenspace (r = -0.24, p < 0.001), nitrogen dioxide levels (r = 0.10, p < 0.05), noise pollution (rho = 0.15, p < 0.01), and particle pollution (r = 0.12, p < 0.001) were associated with local poverty, which, more strongly than individual factors, accounted for variance in mental health (β = 0.47, p < 0.001). Our analysis indicates that the effects of local poverty on mental health are not mediated by environmental factors. Instead, local poverty was associated with both an increased mental health burden and the exposure to climate-related environmental stressors.
Outcome and characteristics of patients with adult grade 4 diffuse gliomas changing sites of treatment
Authors: Forster Marie-Therese , Hug Marion , Geissler Maximilian , Voss Martin , Weber Katharina , Hoelter Maya Christina , Seifert Volker , Czabanka Marcus , Steinbach Joachim P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
With increasing patient self-empowerment and participation in decision making, we hypothesized that patients with adult-type diffuse gliomas, CNS WHO grade 4 who change sites of treatment differ from patients being entirely treated in one neuro-oncological center.

Methods
Prospectively collected data from all diffuse glioma grade 4 patients who underwent treatment in our neuro-oncological center between 2012 and 2018 were retrospectively examined for differences between patients having initially been diagnosed and/or treated elsewhere (External Group) and patients having entirely been treated in our neuro-oncological center (Internal Group). Additionally, a matched-pair analysis was performed to adjust for possible confounders.

Results
A total of 616 patients was analyzed. Patients from the External Group (n = 78) were significantly younger, more frequently suffered from IDH-mutant astrocytoma grade 4, had a greater extent of tumor resection, more frequently underwent adjuvant therapy and experienced longer overall survival (all p < 0.001). However, after matching these patients to patients of the Internal Group considering IDH mutations, extent of resection, adjuvant therapy, age and gender, no difference in patients’ overall survival was observed anymore.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrates that mobile diffuse glioma grade 4 patients stand out from a comprehensive diffuse glioma grade 4 patient cohort due to their favorable prognostic characteristics. However, changing treatment sites did not result in survival benefit over similar patients being entirely taken care of within one neuro-oncological institution. These results underline the importance of treatment and molecular markers in glioma disease for patients’ self-empowerment, including changing treatment sites according to patients’ needs and wishes.
Clinical, diagnostic and epidemiological implications of Hepatozoon spp., Babesia spp. and Leishmania infantum infection in cats and dogs in a Mediterranean periurban setting
Authors: Ortuño María , Bernal Ana , Nachum-Biala Yaarit , Muñoz Clara , Risueño José , Ortiz Juana , Baneth Gad , Berriatua Eduardo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Hepatozoon spp., Babesia spp. and Leishmania infantum are common parasites of dogs in Mediterranean countries and are less frequent in cats, particularly Babesia spp. and L. infantum. Moreover, there is limited information on coinfections between these parasites and on L. infantum’s distribution in blood, skin and lymphoid tissue in cats. We used PCR and DNA sequencing to investigate the prevalence of these parasites and the aetiology of Hepatozoon spp. and Babesia spp., in blood, skin, spleen and lymph node samples from up to 212 stray cats and 82 abandoned dogs in southeast Spain. All except 2 dogs were healthy; instead, 112 cats had clinical signs. The estimated PCR prevalences (95% confidence interval) were 25% (19–31%) Hepatozoon felis in cats, 13% (6–21%) Hepatozoon canis in dogs, 1% (0–4%) Babesia vogeli in dogs, 0% Babesia spp. in cats and 21% (15–26%) and 44% (33–55%) L. infantum in cats and dogs, respectively, and infections were not associated with each other. Leishmania infantum prevalence in lymphoid tissue was significantly higher in dogs than in cats (p < 0.001), and dogs had higher parasite loads than cats (p = 0.012). Moreover, L. infantum prevalence was significantly higher in the skin and lymphoid tissue compared to blood in infected, asymptomatic animals but it was similar in cats with clinical signs, which also had higher parasite loads compared to infected, asymptomatic cats (p < 0.05). The study highlights significant differences between sympatric dogs and cats with respect to the parasite infections investigated, as well as the need to examine both lymphoid tissue and skin samples to maximise the sensitivity of L. infantum infection diagnosis.
Mosco convergence of Sobolev spaces and Sobolev inequalities for nonsmooth domains
Authors: Fornoni Matteo , Rondi Luca 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe find extremely general classes of nonsmooth open sets which guarantee Mosco convergence for corresponding Sobolev spaces and the validity of Sobolev inequalities with a uniform constant. An important feature of our results is that the conditions we impose on the open sets for Mosco convergence and for the Sobolev inequalities are of the same nature, therefore it is easy to check when both are satisfied. Our analysis is motivated, in particular, by the study of the stability of the direct acoustic scattering problem with respect to the scatterer, which we also discuss. Concerning Mosco convergence in dimension 3 or higher, our result extends all those previously known in the literature. Concerning Sobolev inequalities, our approach seems to be new and considerably simplifies the conditions previously required for the stability of acoustic direct scattering problems.
A critical Moser type inequality with loss of compactness due to infinitesimal shocks
Authors: do Ó João Marcos , Ruf Bernhard , Ubilla Pedro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe consider a one-dimensional integral inequality of Moser type: set $$\begin{aligned} \quad J_c(v) = \int _{0}^1 {\textrm{e}}^{c(s) v^2(s)} ds \quad \quad \hbox { and consider } \quad \quad \sup _{ \{\int _0^1 |v'|^2 = 1, v(0) = 0\}} J_c(v) \end{aligned}$$

J
c

(
v
)

=

∫

0

1

e

c

(
s
)

v
2

(
s
)

d
s

and consider

sup

{

∫
0
1

|

v
′

|
2

=
1
,
v

(
0
)

=
0
}

J
c

(
v
)

We show that the supremum remains finite up to the optimal coefficient $$c_1(s) = \frac{1}{s}(\log \frac{\textrm{e}}{s} + \log \log \frac{\textrm{e}}{s})\,$$

c
1

(
s
)

=

1
s

(
log

e
s

+
log
log

e
s

)

. Indeed, for $$c_\gamma = \frac{1}{s}(\log \frac{\textrm{e}}{s} + \gamma \log \log \frac{\textrm{e}}{s})$$

c
γ

=

1
s

(
log

e
s

+
γ
log
log

e
s

)

, with $$\gamma > 1$$

γ
>
1

, the supremum is infinite. For $$c_1$$

c
1

the inequality is critical with loss of compactness: the functional $$J_{c_1}$$

J

c
1

fails to be weakly continuous along the infinitesimal Moser sequence $$w_n(t):= t{\sqrt{n}}\ (0 \le t \le \frac{1}{n})\; \ w_n(t) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}} \ (\frac{1}{n} \le t \le 1)$$

w
n

(
t
)

:
=
t

n

(
0
≤
t
≤

1
n

)

w
n

(
t
)

=

1

n

(

1
n

≤
t
≤
1
)

. Since $$w'(t) = \sqrt{n}\ (0 \le t \le \frac{1}{n})$$

w
′

(
t
)

=

n

(
0
≤
t
≤

1
n

)

, one may say that $$w_n$$

w
n

develops an infinitesimal shock at the origin.
Can a robot be an expert? The social meaning of skill and its expression through the prospect of autonomous AgTech
Authors: Legun Katharine , Burch Karly Ann , Klerkx Laurens 
Published: November 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence and robotics have increasingly been adopted in agri-food systems—from milking robots to self-driving tractors. New projects extend these technologies in an effort to automate skilled work that has previously been considered dependent on human expertise due to its complexity. In this paper, we draw on qualitative research carried out with farm managers on apple orchards and winegrape vineyards in Aotearoa New Zealand. We investigate how agricultural managers’ perceptions of future agricultural automation relates to their approach to expertise, or the degree to which they think specialised skills and knowledge are required to perform agricultural work on their orchards and vineyards. Our research generates two insights: the perceived potential for work to be automated is related to the degree to which it is seen to require technical or embodied expertise, with technical expertise being more automatable; and, while embodied expertise is perceived to be more difficult to automate, it is sometimes attributed more exclusively to those in positions of power, such that embodied expertise can be highly valued while the majority of embodied work is viewed as non-expert and thus automatable. Our analysis illustrates that a robot can be an expert when expertise is technical. It also shows variability in the conceptualization of skilled or unskilled work, and that those conceptualizations can set the stage for the future effects of new technologies. This generates new insights into the conditions under which automation might reproduce existing inequalities in agriculture, and also raises new questions about responsibility in the context of automation.
How does inward foreign direct investment shape emerging market firm invention patenting tendency? Evidence from China
Authors: Gao Renfei , Sammartino André 
Published: November 2022

AbstractInward foreign direct investment (IFDI) carries critical implications for local firms, especially in the context of emerging markets, such as China. Scholars typically suggest that IFDI benefits local firms’ innovation through knowledge spillovers. Our study reveals a downside of such spillovers by articulating the negative influence of IFDI on local firms’ tendencies towards invention patenting (vis-a-vis utility model patenting) within their overall patenting. We further identify two contingency effects to help substantiate the mechanisms underlying the negative effect of IFDI on local firms’ invention patenting tendency. Using panel data on Chinese manufacturing firms during 2000–2010, we find that although industry-level IFDI intensity increases local firms’ total patent applications, it decreases the proportion of invention patents within total applications. This negative effect of IFDI is amplified by industry technology orientation and industry competitive intensity. Our study offers more fine-grained insights into the linkage between IFDI and local innovation by illustrating how local firms balance different types of patents in response to IFDI spillovers.
Including biological diversity in natural capital accounts for marine biodiversity conservation and human well-being
Authors: Luisetti Tiziana , Schratzberger Michaela 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNatural capital (NC) accounts measure and value the benefits that ecosystems provide to humans. Marine biodiversity supports human well-being directly by providing a source of food (e.g. wild fish), and indirectly by providing employment (e.g. fisheries, and tourism) and recreation (e.g. diving). The inclusion of the marine environment in NC accounting is relatively new. Central to the NC framework, biodiversity is one of the most challenging aspects to account for. Here, we consider the potential for marine biodiversity to be included in NC accounts, and explain why this is in line with current policy directions towards achieving sustainability and well-being. We present a set of potential indicators that could be used to assess ecosystem extent and ecosystem condition through their biodiversity, and inform policies aimed to improve sustainability and human well-being. We conclude that including biological indicators in NC accounts will help to consider marine biodiversity conservation and economic activities in blue spaces as complementary components of well-being. NC accounts can facilitate decision-making by showing, in few interconnected tables, trends in the provision of biodiversity in a specific area and for specific ecosystems. This makes potential trade-offs between ecosystems, ecosystem services, and economic activities more apparent.
Prioritising species for monitoring in a South African protected area and the Red List for plants
Authors: Cowell Carly R. , Lughadha Eimear Nic , Anderson Pippin M. L. , Leão Tarciso , Williams Jenny , Annecke Wendy A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProtected areas (PA) in biodiversity hotspots face the challenge of monitoring large numbers of locally rare and threatened plant species at times with limited budgets. Prioritising species according to their local extinction risk could help PA managers to decide which species to monitor. However, there is often very little information available on the species occurrence and extinction risk in the PA. Because of this, PA managers often rely on the national or global Red List for prioritising species at the PA level. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of using the Red List for species prioritisation and examine the robustness of extinction probability equations for 74 fynbos species in Table Mountain National Park (TMNP). We conducted in-field surveys to verify the persistence of subpopulations previously recorded, following a detection protocol adapted for rare and cryptic plant species. We found that most targeted species were extant within TMNP but with a substantially reduced number of subpopulations. Twenty-six species only had one or two subpopulations remaining. Critically Endangered (CR) species lost on average 4 subpopulations more than Least Concern (LC) species. However, species persistence in TMNP was largely independent of their Red List status. Half of the species represented by just one or two subpopulations were listed as LC. This work shows that prioritising monitoring according to the Red List status is not appropriate at the scale of the individual PA. We suggest that more in-field data and monitoring is required to prevent extinctions occurring in PAs.
Reproductive biology and population structure of the endangered shrub Grevillea bedggoodiana (Proteaceae)
Authors: Wawrzyczek Stanislaw , Holmes Gareth D. , Hoebee Susan E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNarrowly endemic species are particularly vulnerable to catastrophic events. Compared to widespread species, they may also be less capable of adapting to shifts in environmental pressures as a result of specialisation on a narrow range of local condition and limited ability to disperse. However, life-history traits, such as preferential outcrossing and high fecundity can maintain genetic diversity and evolutionary potential, and boost species resilience. The endangered Grevillea bedggoodiana (Enfield Grevillea) is an understorey shrub restricted to an area of ca. 150 km2 in south-eastern Australia with a legacy of large-scale anthropogenic disturbance. Prior to this study little was known about its biology and population structure. Here, its breeding system was assessed through a controlled pollination experiment at one of its central populations, and eight populations were sampled for genetic analysis with microsatellite markers. The species was found to be preferentially outcrossing, with no evidence of pollination limitation. In most populations, allelic richness, observed heterozygosity and gene diversity were high (Ar: 3.8–6.3; Ho: 0.45–0.65, He: 0.60 − 0.75). However, the inbreeding coefficients were significant in at least four populations, ranging from Fi -0.061 to 0.259 despite high outcrossing rates. Estimated reproductive rates varied among sampled populations but were independent of gene diversity and inbreeding. Despite its small geographic range, the species’ populations showed moderate differentiation (AMOVA: FST = 0.123), which was largely attributable to isolation by distance. We interpret these results as suggesting that G. bedggoodiana is reproductively healthy and has maintained high levels of genetic diversity despite recent disturbance.