bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared Social Space or Digital Divide? A Global Agenda for Social Inclusion
Authors: Gourley Brenda 
Published: April 2022

Much has been written about “the digital divide” but, generally, it is seen as a development issue. The word ‘development’ is in itself a difficult word, but it has some common usage which includes those things which can be done to improve the quality of human life. It is clearly important for a whole range of reasons, not the least of which is the moral imperative. As we become familiar with many of the human tragedies which beset our globe we have also come to understand that conflict is one of the greatest inhibitors of development. Democracy itself cannot take root and flourish in strife tom regions - for the ability to stand for election and argue different causes needs peace and a certain amount of stability. So democracy is hostage to peace and peace is usually hostage to development. It is no accident that some of the most strife tom arenas are the same arenas where resources are limited and people sort it out in the oldest way known to mankind. Development, in turn is often about education and it is therefore most appropriate that we consider what development means and, further, what it means in this technological world.
The phrase “digital divide” is one with which we are all familiar: it is almost a cliché, and the implication is that if it could somehow miraculously be bridged many of the development issues would be solved. Can we create a more just and equitable global society through the appropriate application of modem technologies, or are they much more likely to divide us yet more ruthlessly than in the past? Are we locked in some tragic struggle which has no fundamental hope of resolution? These are the issues examined in this presentation.
Integrated Services for Children with Disabilities: A Staff Development Perspective
Authors: Kane Jean , Banks Pauline 
Published: April 2022

This paper derives from research commissioned by a Scottish local authority (LA) and its associated Health Board through its Joint Strategy Group. Within an overall policy framework of social inclusion and the pursuit of social justice, the Joint Strategy Group considered the social and economic impact of disabilities on children and families and addressed how more integrated policy and service provision for this group might be developed. To that end, issues of staff development and training were identified as a priority and the writers were asked to investigate, first, what was needed by different groups of staff across all departments and, second, how far those needs were being met within the framework of current provision. The work was carried out with a range of staff from the Health Board and from LA departments providing a range of services. The focus in this paper is on findings emerging in relation to education staff and to the adequacy of systems of staff development in supporting their participation in coordinated support for pupils with additional support needs. Qualitative and quantitative data enabled comparison between the staff development opportunities available to different groups of staff. Interesting disparities and anomalies arise from these comparisons and these are discussed here.
The paper contextualises the project in current social policy with its emphasis on social inclusion and the pursuit of social justice. Integrated services are viewed as a main means of pursuing social inclusion, not least in education where the recent Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2004 endorses provision through coordinated support. This paper argues that the impetus towards more integrated services throws into relief dissimilarities in the staff development experiences of teachers and others supporting young people. Differences and tensions in approaches to staff development are discussed and evidenced using data from the research project. At worst, the lack of congruity in opportunities available to different groups could undermine effective joint working but will, in any event, create difficulties for those trying to promote a culture of collaborative working. Finally, the paper offers some thoughts on the implications of the research for a staff development strategy in relation to coordinated support for children with additional support needs.
ADHD: Creating Continuing Dilemmas for Education in Scotland.
Authors: Stead Joan , Lloyd Gwynedd 
Published: April 2022

Over the last fifteen years the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has acquired a high level of professional acceptance and public awareness in Britain. A range of critiques have also developed in relation to the concept of ADHD, the constellation of symptoms that make up the ‘disorder’, its diagnosis and the use of medication. However diagnoses and medication rates continue to increase. This increasing medicalisation of behaviour is paradoxical in relation to current policy and legislative direction of Additional Support for Learning in Scotland.
This paper summarises some of the critiques of the concept of ADHD, discusses their minimal impact on practice and refers to research data to highlight some issues for education. The data from a small pilot study highlights the role primary schools take in the diagnosis of ADHD, their relationship with the diagnosing professionals and the management of prescription medication during the school day. Finally the paper argues for further social and educational research on this important issue.
The SERA lecture 2103: Scottish Research in a Global Context – Dependence, Independence or Interdependence?
Authors: Menter Ian 
Published: April 2022

Educational research in Scotland has a very distinguished history and has made a major contribution in several aspects of methodology, not least in the relationships between researchers, policymakers and practitioners.
The paper considers the Scottish contribution to the development of educational research past, present and future and the significance of interactions at three levels – the UK, European and global. Against the backdrop of the forthcoming independence vote, it is argued that the historic distinctiveness of educational provision in Scotland – both before and after devolution - has been a significant benefit to the research community here. However, there are some internal dependencies that may need active nurturing, if the benefits of this independence are to be sustained. Furthermore there are critical elements of interdependence, at all three levels, which will be important in pursuing an aspiration to maintain research of the highest quality that will support learners and teachers in the years ahead.
Truth be told ... it’s my job and I’m told to do it’: Teachers’ Perspectives on Supporting Young people from black and minority ethnic groups in Glasgow Schools onto Positive Destinations.
Authors: Riaz Nighet 
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a qualitative case study which explores the perceptions of teachers who are responsible for students on the cusp of leaving compulsory education, and in particular, students who have been identified as having the propensity to fall out of education, employment and training. With a disproportionate percentage of young people identified as needing additional support coming from the Black and Minority Ethnic group (BME), this research looks at teachers’ perceptions of the nature of support which can be offered.
Bourdieu’s theoretical framework of habitus, field and capital is used to explore findings from semi-structured interviews with teachers. Key themes were identified from the interview data to better understand policy and practice. Findings suggest that policy interventions are outcome based, while school is an environment where the teachers are constrained by dominant practices. However, what is evident is the lack of BME teachers’ voices, which would have added to the study.
The Barrier Layer Effect on the Heat and Freshwater Balance from Moored Observations in the Eastern Pacific Fresh Pool
Authors: Katsura Shota , Sprintall Janet , Farrar J. Thomas , Zhang Dongxiao , Cronin Meghan F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Formation and evolution of barrier layers (BLs) and associated temperature inversions (TIs) were investigated using a 1-yr time series of oceanic and air–sea surface observations from three moorings deployed in the eastern Pacific fresh pool. BL thickness and TI amplitude showed a seasonality with maxima in boreal summer and autumn when BLs were persistently present. Mixed layer salinity (MLS) and mixed layer temperature (MLT) budgets were constructed to investigate the formation mechanism of BLs and TIs. The MLS budget showed that BLs were initially formed in response to horizontal advection of freshwater in boreal summer and then primarily maintained by precipitation. The MLT budget revealed that penetration of shortwave radiation through the mixed layer base is the dominant contributor to TI formation through subsurface warming. Geostrophic advection is a secondary contributor to TI formation through surface cooling. When the BL exists, the cooling effect from entrainment and the warming effect from detrainment are both significantly reduced. In addition, when the BL is associated with the presence of a TI, entrainment works to warm the mixed layer. The presence of BLs makes the shallower mixed layer more sensitive to surface heat and freshwater fluxes, acting to enhance the formation of TIs that increase the subsurface warming via shortwave penetration.
Impact of Gulf Stream Warm-Core Rings on Slope Water Intrusion into the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Du Jiabi , Zhang Weifeng (Gordon) , Li Yizhen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Intruding slope water is a major source of nutrients to sustain the high biological productivity in the Gulf of Maine (GoM). Slope water intrusion into the GoM is affected by Gulf Stream warm-core rings (WCRs) impinging onto the nearby shelf edge. This study combines long-term mooring measurements, satellite remote sensing data, an idealized numerical ocean model, and a linear coastal-trapped wave (CTW) model to examine the impact of WCRs on slope water intrusion into the GoM through the Northeast Channel. Analysis of satellite sea surface height and temperature data shows that the slope sea region off the GoM is a hotspot of ring activities. A significant linear relationship is found between interannual variations of ring activities in the slope sea region off the GoM and bottom salinity at the Northeast Channel, suggesting the importance of WCRs in modulating variability of intruding slope water. Analysis of the mooring data reveals enhanced slope water intrusion through bottom-intensified along-channel flow following impingements of WCRs on the nearby shelf edge. Numerical simulations qualitatively reproduce the observed WCR impingement processes and associated episodic enhancement of slope water intrusion in the Northeast Channel. Diagnosis of the model result indicates that baroclinic CTWs excited by the ring–topography interaction are responsible for the episodically intensified subsurface along-channel inflow, which carries more slope water into the GoM. A WCR that impinges onto the shelf edge to the northeast of the Northeast Channel tends to generate stronger CTWs and cause stronger enhancement of the slope water intrusion into the GoM.
Associations Among Adolescents’ Mindfulness, Sympathy, Cognitive Empathy, and Sibling Relationships
Authors: Barata Özge , Acar Ibrahim H. , Bostancı Selen 
Published: April 2022

In the current study, we examined the direct and indirect paths from mindfulness to adolescents’ sibling relationships through their cognitive empathy and sympathy. The sample consisted of 220 adolescents (50.9 % female) between age of 13 and 17 years ( M = 15.86, SD = 0.91). Participants reported their mindfulness (acceptance and awareness), cognitive empathy and sympathy, and sibling relationships. The parallel mediation model revealed that mindful awareness and acceptance predicted kindness, involvement, and empathy within sibling relationships through sympathy. In addition, there was a significant indirect effect of mindful awareness to empathy in sibling relationships through cognitive empathy. Findings provided information regarding the importance of indirect contributions of mindfulness to sibling relationships through cognitive empathy and sympathy.
Levels and Predictors of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding the Health Hazards Associated With Barber’s Profession in Fiji
Authors: Chand Dip , Mohammadnezhad Masoud , Khan Sabiha 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the level and predictors of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) among barbers regarding health hazards associated with their profession in Fiji. Methods: A quantitative study was used to assess the levels and predictors of KAP using a structured questionnaire among 117 barbers who were chosen between June and November 2020 in Suva, Fiji. All those barbershops that operated at least for 6 months, were licensed, and 18 years and above were included. A self-administrative closed-ended structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The level of KAP was assessed using the modified Bloom’s cut-off points. A correlation test was used to determine predictors of KAP. Results: The majority of participants had a medium level of knowledge (62.4%), medium level of attitude (63.2%), and low level of practice (64.1%) towards health hazards associated with barbering the profession. However, 28.2% had low knowledge and attitude scores. The major source of knowledge was through the internet. The results of the correlation test showed that religion, education level, and weekly income were significantly correlated with knowledge (<.05) whereas age and weekly income was significantly correlated with the level of attitude of participants towards health hazards associated with their profession (<.05). Conclusion: Barbers had medium knowledge and attitude towards health hazards associated with the barbering profession while their practice was poor. These findings call for prompt and target group interventions such as strengthening enforcement, awareness, training on equipment decontamination and Good Hygiene Practices to be conducted.
Stressful family contexts and health in divorced and married mothers: Biopsychosocial process
Authors: Wickrama Kandauda AS , Klopack Eric T , O’Neal Catherine W 
Published: April 2022

Past research suggests that social, psychological and biological processes underlying common health problems are highly interrelated and may be comonents of a larger biopsychosocial process. This process may be influenced by marital status. The current study investigated a biopsychosocial process involving social, psychological and physcial health problems over the second half of the life course, comparing women who were mothers with different marital histories (e.g., consistently married, married to divorced) and investigated the association between this biopsychosocial process and marital stress for consistantly maried women over the middle years. The current study used structural equation modeling to assess this biopsychosocial process longitudinally using prospective data over 25 years from a sample of 416 women. The results showed that compared to being married, divorcing in early midlife contributed to an adverse biopsychosocial process for women, including physical pain, physical limitations, and depressive symptoms over their mid-later years, regardless of later recoupling. For consistently married mothers, both marital stress and financial stress uniquely influenced biological and psychological problems throughout their mid-later years, and these health problems also selected mothers into further escalating financial and marital stress. Elucidating differential short- and long-term health influences of competing marital and financial stressors for divorced and married mothers provides valuable information for targeted economic and relationship intervention efforts and policy formation. Such interventions can reduce family stressors and develop resiliency factors, thereby preventing the escalation of biopsychosocial processes in middle-aged mothers.
Apatite-forming ability of sandblasted and acid-etched titanium surfaces modified by ultraviolet irradiation: An in vitro study
Authors: Li Shaobing , Lin Jiating , Lin Xi , Liu Xiangning , Jia Fang , Gao Yan , Ni Jia , Xu Shulan , Shao Longquan , Cao Li 
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Contamination of large grit sandblasting and acid-etching (SLA) with hydrocarbons make the surface hydrophobic and influence its bioactivity. Preservation in dH2O (modified SLA, modSLA) and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation were proven to be effective in decreasing hydrocarbon contamination and keeping the SLA surface hydrophilic. Aims: The aim of this study was to detect the in vitro bioactivity of SLA, modSLA and UV-SLA surfaces. Design: The SBF model was used to compare the bone-like apatite forming ability. Setting: The experiment was conducted at Southern Medical University. Materials and methods: The quantity of apatite was assessed by SEM and weighed on an electronic balance. The elemental composition and crystal phase were assessed by EDS and XRD analysis, respectively. Results: The sediments that completely covered the modSLA and UV-SLA surfaces after 4 weeks of soaking reached 3.23 ± 0.35 mg and 2.13 ± 0.95 mg, respectively. They were eight- and five-fold than that on the SLA surface (0.43 ± 0.15 mg) with statistical significance ( p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). EDS and XRD tests recognized the sediments on the modSLA and UV-SLA surfaces as apatite with similar elemental compositions, Ca/P ratios and crystal phases. Discussion: Hydrophilicity and abundant hydroxyl groups drive modSLA and UV-SLA surfaces to absorb more Ca2+ to accelerate the formation of apatite. Conclusion: SLA preservation in dH2O and UV irradiation were recognized as trustworthy methods to acquire greater bioactivity of the SLA surface.
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: assessment of acceptability among members of HIV serodiscordant/serostatus unknown couples
Authors: Bracho-Sanchez Edith , Stonbraker Samantha , Halpern Mina , Wood Sarah , Lowenthal Elizabeth 
Published: April 2022

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in preventing HIV infection but is not yet widely available in resource-limited settings such as the Dominican Republic. We aimed to ascertain PrEP acceptability among people living with HIV in the Dominican Republic who are part of HIV serodiscordant partnerships and understand relationships between PrEP acceptability, HIV stigma, and intimate partner violence.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of people in care for HIV infection included acceptability-related questions and assessments of HIV stigma and intimate partner violence. We also explored the expected impact of PrEP on HIV disclosure rates and fertility intentions.Results: Of the 100 participants, 74% had been in their current partnership for >1 year; 38% had not disclosed to their partner; 29% reported condomless sex, and 23% reported sex with multiple partners. PrEP was highly acceptable with 84% of participants saying they were “very likely” to offer PrEP to their partner if available and 21% stating it would allow them to have more children. Of those who had not disclosed to their partner, 71% stated PrEP would help them do so. No relationship was found between PrEP acceptability, HIV stigma, and intimate partner violence. However, higher than expected rates of PrEP acceptability limited the power of these analyses.Conclusion: Pre-exposure prophylaxis was considered to be highly acceptable among people living with HIV in the Dominican Republic who are part of serodiscordant partnerships.
Minimal Clinically Important Differences of PROMIS PF in Ankle Fracture Patients
Authors: Myhre Luke , Kellam Patrick , Dekeyser Graham , Li Haojia , Zhang Yue , Cizik Amy M. , Haller Justin 
Published: April 2022

Background: Evaluating the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) in patient-reported outcome scores is essential for use of clinical outcomes data. The purpose of the current study was to calculate MCID of Patient Reported Outcome Information System Physical Function (PROMIS PF) scores for ankle fracture patients. Methods: All patients who underwent operative fixation for ankle fractures at a single level 1 trauma center were identified by Current Procedural Terminology code. PROMIS PF scores were collected. Patients had to complete an anchor question at 2 time points postoperatively to be included in this study. Anchor-based and distribution-based MCIDs were calculated. Results: A total of 331 patients were included in the distribution-based analysis, and 195 patients were included in the anchor-based analysis. Mean age was 45.3 years (SD 17.5), and 59.4% of participants were female. MCID for PROMIS PF scores was 5.05 in the distribution-based method and 5.43 in the anchor-based method. Conclusion: This study identified MCID values based on 2 time points postoperatively for PROMIS PF scores in the ankle fracture population. Both methods of MCID calculation resulted in equivalent MCIDs. This can be used to identify patients outside the normal preoperative and postoperative norms and may help to make clinically relevant practice decisions. Level of Evidence: Level I, diagnostic study, testing of previously developed diagnostic measure on consecutive patients with reference standard applied.
Optimizing Chemotherapy of Pancreatic Acinar Cell Carcinoma: Our Experiences and Pooled Analysis of Literature
Authors: Xu Jian-Ying , Guan Wen-Long , Lu Shi-Xun , Wei Xiao-Li , Shi Wen-Jie , Ren Chao , Li Yu-Hong , Li Sheng-Ping , Qiu Miao-Zhen , Wang Feng-Hua 
Published: April 2022

Background: Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (PACC) is rare, and its appropriate treatment remains unknown. We aim to explore the characteristics and optimal treatment of it. Methods: The data on clinicopathologic characteristics, molecular alteration, treatment, and survival of patients diagnosed with PACC at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from 2005 to 2020 were collected. The optimal treatment was explored by co-analyzing our results and published literatures. Results: Twenty-two PACC patients were enrolled. Eight of 17 non-metastatic patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. The patients receiving fluoropyrimidine-based regimen (n = 3) had a better median disease-free survival (mDFS) than those with gemcitabine-based regimen (n = 5) (unreached vs 27 months). Eight metastatic patients received first-line chemotherapy. Four patients received second-line chemotherapy. The objective response rate (ORR) of the fluoropyrimidine-based regimen was 85.7% (6/7), much better than that of the gemcitabine-based regimen (0/5). One patient who had responded to the first-line FOLFIRINOX (5-fluorouracil + oxaliplatin + leucovorin + irinotecan) regimen received olaparib as maintenance treatment for 5 months with good tolerance. Thirty-one published literatures, with a total of 86 cases, were included in the co-analysis. The ORR of the first-line fluoropyrimidine-based regimen (n = 47) was higher than that of gemcitabine-based regimen (n = 39) (59.6% vs 15.3%, P < .001). Eight of 11 patients treated with the FOLFIRINOX regimen achieved partial response (PR). Conclusions: For patients with metastasis, a fluorouracil-based regimen such as FOLFIRINOX may be preferred, and maintenance treatment of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (﻿PARP) inhibitors after effective platinum-containing treatment for breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) mutation patients must be assessed.