bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An economic assessment of the impact of climate change on the Gambia’s agriculture sector: a CGE approach
Authors: Belford Christopher , Huang Delin , Ahmed Yosri Nasr , Ceesay Ebrima , Sanyang Lang 
Published: August 2022

PurposeClimate change and its imminent threat to human survival adversely impact the agriculture sector. In an impoverished country like The Gambia, economic costs of climate change are colossal. This study aims to establish a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for The Gambia’s agriculture sector to examine the effects of climate change on crops, livestock and sea-level rise.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a CGE model with other climate change impact models to compute the impacts of climate change on The Gambia’s agriculture sector. The social accounting matrix calibrates the results from the various models, thereby generating the baseline results which exemplify a “steady-state” and policy shock results illustrating the medium- and long-term effects of climate change on the country’s agriculture sector.FindingsThe baseline results indicate the status quo showing the neglect of the agriculture sector due to limited investment in the sector. Hence, the sector is the “hardest hit” sector as a result of climate change. When the model factored in climate change in the medium term (2055) and long term (2085), the macroeconomic indicators of gross domestic product, national savings, wages, disposable income and consumer price index deteriorated, elucidating the vulnerability of the economy to climate change. The consumption of groundnuts, cattle and fish will decline by 5%, 5% and 4%, respectively, in the long term. However, the production of all agricultural commodities will decline by an average of 35% for the same period. The results for international trade show that exportation would decline while importation will increase over time. The general price level for agricultural commodities would increase by 3% in 2055 and 5% in 2085. Generally, the results manifest the severity of climate change in the agriculture sector which will have a multiplier effect on the economy. The impact of climate change would result in agriculture and economic decline causing hunger, poverty and human misery.Originality/valueThe caveat of this study revealed the nuances not captured by previous Gambian climate change studies, thus the novelty of the study.
Real-time optimal protocol prediction of quantum key distribution using machine learning
Authors: R. Arthi , J.S. Nayana , Mondal Rajarshee 
Published: August 2022

Purpose
The purpose of optimal protocol prediction and the benefits offered by quantum key distribution (QKD), including unbreakable security, there is a growing interest in the practical realization of quantum communication. Realization of the optimal protocol predictor in quantum key distribution is a critical step toward commercialization of QKD.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed work designs a machine learning model such as K-nearest neighbor algorithm, convolutional neural networks, decision tree (DT), support vector machine and random forest (RF) for optimal protocol selector for quantum key distribution network (QKDN).

Findings
Because of the effectiveness of machine learning methods in predicting effective solutions using data, these models will be the best optimal protocol selectors for achieving high efficiency for QKDN. The results show that the best machine learning method for predicting optimal protocol in QKD is the RF algorithm. It also validates the effectiveness of machine learning in optimal protocol selection.

Originality/value
The proposed work was done using algorithms like the local search algorithm or exhaustive traversal, however the major downside of using these algorithms is that it takes a very long time to revert back results, which is unacceptable for commercial systems. Hence, machine learning methods are proposed to see the effectiveness of prediction for achieving high efficiency.
Gut microbiota shed new light on the management of immune‐related adverse events
Authors: Tan Bei , Liu Yun‐xin , Tang Hao , Chen Dan , Xu Yan , Chen Min‐jiang , Li Yue , Wang Meng‐zhao , Qian Jia‐ming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractImmunotherapy has dramatically revolutionized the therapeutic landscape for patients with cancer. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors are now accepted as effective anticancer therapies, they introduce a novel class of toxicity, termed immune‐related adverse events, which can lead to the temporary or permanent discontinuation of immunotherapy and life‐threatening tumor progression. Therefore, the effective prevention and treatment of immune‐related adverse events is a clinical imperative to maximize the utility of immunotherapies. Immune‐related adverse events are related to the intestinal microbiota, baseline gut microbiota composition is an important determinant of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related colitis, and antibiotics exacerbate these undesirable side‐effects. Supplementation with specific probiotics reduces immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related colitis in mice, and fecal microbiota transplantation has now been shown to effectively treat refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related colitis in the clinic. Hence, modifying the microbiota holds great promise for preventing and treating immune‐related adverse events. Microbiomes and their metabolites play important roles in the potential underlying mechanisms through interactions with both innate and adaptive immune cells. Here we review the gut microbiota and immune regulation; the changes occurring in the microbiota during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy; the relationship between the microbiota and immune‐related adverse events, antibiotics, probiotics/prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related colitis; and the protective mechanisms mediated by the microbiome and metabolites in immune‐related adverse events.
The relationship between age at first drink and later risk behaviours during a period of youth drinking decline
Authors: Livingston Michael , Raninen Jonas , Pennay Amy , Callinan Sarah 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimsAlcohol consumption among teenagers in many high‐income countries has steadily declined since the early 2000s. There has also been a steady increase in the average age at first drink, a reliable marker of later alcohol problems. This study measured whether young people who initiated drinking early were at increased risk of alcohol problems in young adulthood in recent cohorts where early initiation was comparatively rare.DesignAnalysis of six waves of a repeated cross‐sectional household survey (2001–16).SettingAustralia.ParticipantsA total of 9576 young adults (aged 20–25 years) who had initiated drinking before the age of 20 years.MeasurementsRespondents were classified into three groups based on their self‐reported age at first drink (< 16, 16–17, 18–19 years). Outcome variables were self‐reported experiences of memory loss while drinking, risky and delinquent behaviour while drinking and monthly or more frequent drinking occasions of 11 or more 10‐g standard drinks.FindingsLater initiators reported lower levels of all outcomes [e.g. odds ratios (ORs) for memory loss were 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.50, 0.63] for those who first drank at 16 or 17 years compared with those who first drank at age 15 or younger). Significant interactions between age at first drink and survey year showed that early initiation was more strongly associated with harms (e.g. for memory loss, OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.94, 0.99 for 18–19 versus 15 or younger) in young adulthood for recent cohorts where early drinking was less common.ConclusionsThe decline in youth drinking may have contributed to a concentration of risk of alcohol problems among those young people who consume alcohol in early adolescence. Early initiation of drinking may be an increasingly important marker of broader risk taking as alcohol becomes less normative for teenagers.
Does OCI Presentation for Equity Financial Assets Matter?
Authors: Zang Zeting , Kabir Humayun , Scott Tom 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOne significant change in International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 Financial Instruments is how firms’ equity financial assets (EFA) are presented. The default EFA presentation is at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL); however, IFRS 9 allows irrevocable presentation of fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI). Although FVTOCI is the most common presentation for EFA both before and after IFRS 9, there is a significant increase in the use of FVTPL post IFRS 9 via an improvement in disclosure clarity about presentation location. To assess the impact of EFA presentation, we recalculate profitability ratios assuming different presentation locations and find some evidence of significant differences for financial firms. We also provide descriptive evidence that EFA use and presentation behaviour vary between sectors and firm size quartiles. This study expands the literature on EFA accounting and provides a timely response to IFRS 9 post‐implementation review by shedding some light on EFA use and presentation locations under IFRS 9.
Generalization Bias in Science
Authors: Peters Uwe , Krauss Alexander , Braganza Oliver 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany scientists routinely generalize from study samples to larger populations. It is commonly assumed that this cognitive process of scientific induction is a voluntary inference in which researchers assess the generalizability of their data and then draw conclusions accordingly. We challenge this view and argue for a novel account. The account describes scientific induction as involving by default a generalization bias that operates automatically and frequently leads researchers to unintentionally generalize their findings without sufficient evidence. The result is unwarranted, overgeneralized conclusions. We support this account of scientific induction by integrating a range of disparate findings from across the cognitive sciences that have until now not been connected to research on the nature of scientific induction. The view that scientific induction involves by default a generalization bias calls for a revision of the current thinking about scientific induction and highlights an overlooked cause of the replication crisis in the sciences. Commonly proposed interventions to tackle scientific overgeneralizations that may feed into this crisis need to be supplemented with cognitive debiasing strategies against generalization bias to most effectively improve science.
The Mindful Animism of Ideophony in Pastaza and Upper Napo Kichwa
Authors: Nuckolls Janis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel perspective for thinking about ideophones, which are imitative words that communicate sensory perceptions and emotions with linguistic sounds and with so‐called “paralinguistic” features, especially gesture and intonation. By considering their performative and depictive qualities with concepts from mindfulness and meditative practices, it is argued that a contemplative, mindful impulse underlies their use by Kichwa‐speaking Runa living in Amazonian Ecuador. Using concepts from traditional meditation treatises, a contemporary guided meditation, and contemporary ethnographic research, the paper argues that, whatever else may motivate their articulations of ideophones, whether for expressive, humorous, or dramatic purposes, Kichwa speakers are mindfully and meditatively attending to the rising and falling of ordinary perceptions and giving a voice to the dynamic nature of their lived realities. By voicing the dynamic nature of sensory experiences, speakers are also able, momentarily, to become what they imitate, thereby expressing the perspectives of nonhuman beings according to their sounds, movements, appearances, and energies.
Developing intercultural competence among students in family science: The importance of service learning experiences
Authors: Wiersma‐Mosley Jacquelyn D. , Garrison M. E. Betsy 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop intercultural competence among Family Science undergraduate students through high‐impact experiences.BackgroundService learning (SL) is a form of high‐impact experimental education that promotes learning and development by engaging students in real‐world activities that address both individual and community needs.MethodsParticipants were 82 undergraduates enrolled in two similar Family Science diversity courses at a mid‐South university in the United States. Curriculum for both courses were identical, except one group of students participated in SL at one of five community agencies: boys/girls club, community center working with children, center for adults with disabilities, a primarily Hispanic middle school, or a homeless shelter. Students in both courses completed pre‐ and post‐assessments using the Intercultural Development Inventory to measure intercultural competence.ResultsStudents without SL opportunities did not significantly increase in intercultural competence whereas students who participated with SL increased significantly in their intercultural competence.ConclusionIt is imperative that Family Science continue to emphasize SL because meaningful interactions with community partnerships have been shown to provide culturally relevant education and deep experiential learning opportunities for students.ImplicationsAs a result, Family Science students will more easily transition to their chosen professions and will be better prepared to increase intercultural competency and to work toward dismantling racism and promoting social justice for all.
Factors associated with decision‐making involvement in community‐dwelling older care recipients
Authors: Komatsu Ayane , Nakagawa Takeshi , Noguchi Taiji , Saito Tami 
Published: August 2022

AimDespite a growing interest in decision‐making by care recipients, few empirical studies have examined the everyday care decisions of community‐dwelling older adults. This study aimed to examine the association of recipient‐ and caregiver‐related factors with decision‐making involvement of community‐dwelling older care recipients.MethodsWe conducted secondary data analysis using publicly available cross‐sectional data from a dyadic survey with care recipients aged ≥65 years and their primary caregivers in two regions of Japan, one urban and another rural, in 2003. In total, 643 pairs with no missing data on any variable were included in the analysis. The level of care recipients' perceived decision‐making involvement was assessed using one dichotomized item (not involved or involved). We examined care recipient‐ and caregiver‐related factors described by previous studies as having the potential to inhibit or facilitate care recipient's subjective decision‐making involvement.ResultsOf the care recipients, 60.2% were women, 72.2% were >75 years, and 83.7% were involved in decision‐making. Of the primary caregivers, 72.0% were women, 49.0% were <65 years, and 47.9% were spouses. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that care recipients were more likely to be involved in decision‐making when their caregivers respected their decisions (odds ratio = 3.03 [95% confidence interval: 1.90–4.86], P < 0.001). Care recipients with more care needs were less likely to be involved in decision‐making than those with less care needs (odds ratio = 0.53 [95% confidence interval: 0.32–0.89], P = 0.015).ConclusionsOur results suggest that family caregivers play a crucial role in increasing care recipients' decision‐making involvement regarding daily care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 876–882.
Nutrient utilization of native herbage and oat forage as feed for Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Abdelraheem Nadir , Li Fuhou , Guo Penghui , Sun Yi , Liu Yang , Cheng Yunxiang , Cui Xiongxiong , Tan Yuhui , Hou Fujiang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSatisfying the animals feed demand from the forage supply by grasslands remains a major challenge in the grassland–livestock ecosystem. To provide an alternative forage sources, this study conducted two feeding trials in the summer of 2015 and 2016 to compare the nutritive value, digestibility and nutrients utilization of native pasture (NH) and oat forage (OT) fed to Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries). Twelve Tibetan sheep with a mean body weight of 39.11 ± 3.66 kg in 2015 and 27.97 ± 2.69 kg in 2016 were use in this study. The experiment was 2 (year: 2015 and 2016) by 2 (forage: NH and OT) factorial. Data on proximate analysis, fiber fraction and nutrients digestibility were collected and analyzed using general linear model. However, the crude protein (CP) and water‐soluble carbohydrates contents in OT were higher (P < .001) than those in NH by 7.81–8.93% and 46.40–47.05%, respectively. In contrast, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber contents were higher (P < .001) in NH by 14.28–15.78% and 15.62–18.00%, respectively. The dry matter digestibility coefficient in OT (0.82 in 2015 and 0.79 in 2016) was significantly higher than that in NH (0.68 in both years). In addition, the OT diet had higher (P < .001) organic matter, NDF and CP digestibilities. Animals fed OT retained significantly more nitrogen (2.66 g/day in 2015 and 1.93 g/day in 2016) than those fed NH (0.96 g/day in 2015 and 0.42 g/day in 2016). The digestible energy and metabolizable energy were higher (P < .001) in OT than in NH. Our data indicated that Tibetan sheep urinary N excretion increased by 0.726 g with increase of 1 g in the nitrogen intake. Conclusively, the OT had higher nutritive value than NH and could therefore use to satisfy livestock demand and reduce the grazing pressure on grasslands.
Splenomegaly is a marker of advanced chronic liver disease and portal hypertension in HIV infection
Authors: Kablawi Dana , Alhinai Alshaima , Wong Philip , Deschenes Marc , Sebastiani Giada , Benmassaoud Amine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical significance of splenomegaly as a marker of underlying liver disease in people with HIV (PWH).MethodsWe included consecutive PWH from a prospective cohort from 2010 to 2020 with available liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and liver imaging to define splenomegaly (> 13 cm) within 1 year. Cut‐offs of LSM > 10 kPa and > 21 kPa were used to identify advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) and portal hypertension, respectively. Logistic regression multivariable analysis was employed to identify independent predictors of ACLD.ResultsIn all, 331 PWH were included, 76% of them men, with a median (interquartile range) age of 51.3 (45–58) years, all receiving antiretroviral treatment, and 53% were HIV monoinfected. The PWH with splenomegaly exhibited a higher prevalence of ACLD compared with those with normal spleen size, as per LSM (26% vs. 9%; p = 0.009). Portal hypertension diagnosed by LSM was also more prevalent in PWH with splenomegaly than in those without (15% vs. 2%; p < 0.001). Independent predictors of ACLD were viral hepatitis coinfection [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.65–6.0], lower platelets (aOR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.99–0.99) and splenomegaly (aOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.17–4.99). In patients with available oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, splenomegaly was also associated with higher prevalence of oesophageal varices and other endoscopic findings of portal hypertension (38% vs. 17%; p = 0.027).ConclusionsSplenomegaly identified on routine imaging may have utility as a marker of ACLD and portal hypertension, prompting further investigations.
Composition‐independent Curie point (Tc) in ferroelectric (1 − x)PbTiO3–xBi(Li1/2Nb1/2)O3 solid solution
Authors: Kumar Niraj , Kumari Ekta , Krishna P. Siva Ram , Kalyani Ajay Kumar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA new ferroelectric solid solution (1 − x)PbTiO3–xBi(Li1/2Nb1/2)O3 has been explored to develop high‐temperature piezoelectric material. An interesting observation has been found regarding its Curie point (TC) and tetragonal lattice strain (c/a − 1). With increasing composition (x), the Curie point (TC) decreases up to x = 0.10 and thereafter remains constant. In concurrence with the TC, the tetragonal lattice strain (c/a − 1) follows a similar trend. Neutron powder diffraction analysis suggests this anomalous behavior is due to the robust off‐centering characteristic of the Bi+3 ion 6S2 lone pair effect at the A‐site compared to ions at B‐site.
Search Frictions, Labor Supply, and the Asymmetric Business Cycle
Authors: FERRARO DOMENICO , FIORI GIUSEPPE 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe develop a business cycle model that generates asymmetry between peaks and troughs of the unemployment rate and symmetric fluctuations of the participation rate as in the U.S. data. We calibrate the model and find that search frictions are solely responsible for the peak–trough asymmetry. Participation decisions do not generate asymmetry but contribute to the fluctuations in search frictions by changing the size and composition of the pool of job seekers, which in turn affects the tightness ratio and thereby slack in the labor market. The participation rate would be counterfactually asymmetric absent labor supply responses to shocks.
A tricky fetal case of isolated transposition of great arteries without the I‐shaped sign
Authors: Kawazu Yukiko , Takahashi Kayoko , Tsujie Tomoko , Chayama Kosuke 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIsolated transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a congenital heart disease that presents with severe cyanosis after birth and a fetal diagnosis is crucial for the preservation of life. The I‐shaped sign (I‐sign) is useful as a fetal screening method for TGA. We herein present a tricky fetal case of isolated TGA with a side‐by‐side position of the great arteries and no I‐sign. Severe cyanosis immediately after birth necessitated urgent interventions. A potentially fatal outcome was prevented by a prenatal diagnosis. In the fetal diagnosis of isolated TGA, it is important to not only detect the I‐sign, but also conventionally examine the ventricular outflow tract.
Calculating the Relative Importance of Multiple Regression Predictor Variables Using Dominance Analysis and Random Forests
Authors: Mizumoto Atsushi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearchers often make claims regarding the importance of predictor variables in multiple regression analysis by comparing standardized regression coefficients (standardized beta coefficients). This practice has been criticized as a misuse of multiple regression analysis. As a remedy, I highlight the use of dominance analysis and random forests, a machine learning technique, in this method showcase article for accurately determining predictor importance in multiple regression analysis. To demonstrate the utility of dominance analysis and random forests, I reproduced the results of an empirical study and applied these analytical procedures. The results reconfirmed that multiple regression analysis should always be accompanied by dominance analysis and random forests to identify the unique contribution of individual predictors while considering correlations among predictors. I also introduce a web application for facilitating the use of dominance analysis and random forests among second language researchers.