bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interplay between Delegitimation and Legitimation
Authors: Gregoratti Catia , Uhlin Anders 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the interplay between one behavioral delegitimation practice—civil society protest—and global governance institution (GGI) legitimation practices. It demonstrates how the type of protest (diffuse or specific) and the extent to which protesters are recognized by the targeted GGI determine when and how civil society protest triggers legitimation responses by GGIs. Empirically, it investigates four cases of civil society protest against three different types of GGIs active in the field of economic policy: the regional intergovernmental organization ASEAN, the World Bank as a global intergovernmental organization, and the transgovernmental network G20. The chapter shows that diffuse protests, challenging the overall authority of the G20, led to symbolic legitimation when the chair (Australia) recognized protesters as a relevant audience but ignored them when the successive chair (Turkey) did not recognize civil society protesters. Protests against specific policies of the World Bank led to substantial legitimation in the form of real policy change as this particular GGI recognized protesters as significant actors. In contrast, specific protests against the ASEAN, which did not grant the same recognition to civil society protesters, were ignored.
Outsourcing the Border Within
Authors: Zedner Lucia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The policing of borders is a core state function that cannot be delegated without detriment to its legitimate authority, yet many states not only contract out to private security, but also co-opt private citizens as agents of immigration control. Under the notorious ‘Hostile Environment’ policy, the UK government created a network of citizen border agents by obliging health workers, teachers, employers, landlords, and charitable organisations working with migrants, the poor, and the homeless to check immigration status and report so-called ‘illegals’. This creation of a ‘border within’ disperses controls across the territory of the nation state, and makes private citizens complicit in policing migration. Although the UK government formally ended the Hostile Environment policy in 2017, its successor, the ‘Compliant Environment’, continues to co-opt private citizens as collaborators in immigration control. Legal challenges by civil society organisations and others have questioned whether citizens act as agents of the state or as private actors and, if as agents, on whose authority they police, but they have had limited success in resisting the trend. This chapter explores the origins, aims, and implications for state sovereignty of outsourcing state responsibility to police immigration. It explores the legal and ethical implications of co-opting citizens to argue that it makes police of private citizens and creates suspects not only of non-citizens but of those in minority communities. In so doing, it undermines social trust, civil order, and delegitimises the authority of the sovereign state to police its borders.
Introduction
Authors: Adams Zoe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This introductory chapter introduces the Marxian inspired theoretical and methodological framework underpinning the book. It begins by explaining the book’s focus on work, and the law’s conception of work more specifically. The chapter moves from here to set out the basic theoretical and methodological premises underpinning the book, introducing the reader to the author’s structural approach to labour law. It then goes on to tease out the political implications of this approach, and to explain how a comprehensive study of the law’s concept of work might contribute to our understanding of the law’s role in struggles for structural transformation. The chapter ends by providing a brief outline of each of the book’s chapters in turn.
A History of Management
Authors: Adams Zoe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores how legal conceptions of work and working time influence, and have been influenced by, managerial practices. The chapter explains the distinctiveness of management in capitalism, emphasizing its inherently political nature and its inseparability from questions of exploitation and resistance. It traces the evolution of management throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, before discussing certain modern trends, most specifically the shift towards ‘cultural control’ from the 1970s, and, more recently, experimentations in algorithmic management. It also briefly discusses some of the limitations of the regulatory frameworks harnessed to respond to some of these management trends, most specifically data-protection law.
Academic Work
Authors: Adams Zoe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter develops a case study of the labour performed by academics in the context of the UK higher education system. It traces the evolution of Academic work, showing the significance of the legal reforms to the sector that have taken place since the 1980s under the guise of neoliberalism. The second half of the chapter presents findings from an empirical study carried out at the University of Cambridge, with a view to shedding new light on academics’ experiences and understandings of work and its relationship with the legal frameworks through which it is performed. In so doing, it sheds light on how neoliberalism, and associated developments—such as the introduction and increase of student fees, the spread of consumerism, and the introduction of the Research Excellence Framework—have impacted on academic work and the experiences of academics, particularly when it comes to matters such as over-work and casualization.
Conclusion
Authors: Adams Zoe 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter draws together insights from Parts I, II, and III. It begins by summarizing some of the unique insights provided by the analysis, while situating them in the wider literature. It then demonstrates the practical contribution that the book can make when it comes to furthering the political agenda normatively implied by the analysis presented, teasing out some of its strategic implications. It explains how the Marxian-inspired theoretical understanding of law and work presented throughout the book can provide guidance when it comes to formulating, and advancing, concrete reform proposals, as well as when it comes to thinking about what sort of reforms might contribute to the longer-term pursuit of structural change. Reform proposals discussed include proposals for sector-level collective bargaining, and various changes to the working time and wage regulation framework, all of which are intended to create space for the development of capacities for collective organization and resistance, while simultaneously navigating some of the limits, identified throughout the book, in the law’s conception of work.
Against Bare Urges and Good-Independent Desires
Authors: Moss Jessica 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is widely held that in the argument for soul-division in Republic IV, Plato commits himself to the view that appetites are bare urges: they are limited to generic objects like “drink itself” because the appetitive part of the soul is too primitive to grasp features like hot or cold, let alone good or bad. I argue that this misunderstands the argument badly. Plato appeals to “thirst itself” simply to show that one can desire an object even though one believes it to have some quality to which one is averse, and he could just as well have illustrated his point by appeal to a generic rational desire—for example, the desire for “wisdom itself.” His argument is thus consistent with appetites being quite sophisticated, and indeed good-dependent. Plato does of course think that there are important differences between appetites and rational desires, but he is not explaining that difference here.
Comments on Raphael Woolf, ‘Courage and Pleasure in Aristotle’s Ethics’
Authors: Broadie Sarah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ‘courage problem’ in Aristotle’s Ethics is this: (1) courage is a virtue; (2) doctrinally, the exercise of virtue is supposed to be pleasant; and (3) typical exercises of courage are painful and dangerous. Aristotle makes moves to solve the difficulty. But what exactly is his solution, and does it work? In response to Raphael Woolf’s interpretation of Aristotle’s solution, according to which the courageous person merely recognizes fearful things as fearful, but does not experience the feeling of fear himself, this chapter argues that the courageous person can really be feeling fear as well as intellectually recognizing the fearfulness of his situation. Neither of these psychological conditions, separately or together, undermines his claim to courage if he does not let either of them get the better of him. An alternative solution to the courage problem is to take the ‘pleasantness’ of virtuous action, in this context, to mean no more than that the virtuous agent is thoroughly identified with his actions and choices, even when they involve grim and painful situations and feelings.
Memory, Anticipation, Pleasure
Authors: Warren James 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We can remember an experience with pleasure or look forwards to an experience with trepidation. Our memories and anticipations can be pleasant or painful and what we remember and anticipate was or will be pleasant or painful too. We humans, in short, have ways of looking forwards and backwards within a life and bringing to mind in the present some non-present personal event. Our capacity to do so allows us access to a wide range of affective experiences. This phenomenon is itself not a trivial observation and it attracted the attention of thoughtful ancient writers. Here I briefly explore some of what they had to say about it. I suggest that we can distinguish in their writings two broad ways of thinking about the fact that we can take pleasure in and be pained by our memories and our anticipations.
Petrarchan Love and the English Renaissance
Authors: Braden Gordon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This book surveys English love poetry, primarily though not exclusively sonnets and sonnet sequences showing the influence of Petrarch, from the early sixteenth century up to the publication of Mary Wroth’s Pamphilia to Amphilanthus in 1621. There has been no comprehensive study of this well-defined episode in English literature for over 30 years; this project incorporates a range of new scholarship and thinking into a circumstantial narrative history with local focus on particular poets (Thomas Wyatt, George Gascoigne, Philip Sidney, Fulke Greville, Samuel Daniel, Wroth, Walter Ralegh, Shakespeare) and particularly notable poems (“They flee from me,” “Gascoigne’s Woodmanship,” “The Ocean’s Love to Cynthia”). In general, the self-absorption of Petrarchan lyricism is brought into a more populous environment, keyed to the ambitious and intense world of the English court, within or in sight of which many of these poets lived and worked. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth, the Petrarchan theme of love for a powerful but distant woman is literalized in the politics of the realm, in ways that the queen herself recognized and exploited. A final chapter offers a new model for the implied narrative of Shakespeare’s sonnets, which when seen in the context of the tradition as a whole has more coherence than it has generally been given credit for. The concluding disillusion of that sequence gives a major theme of that tradition especially acute expression.
Introduction
Authors: Barlow Richard Alan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This section examines the emergence of Irish-Scottish studies over the last few decades, the deep connections between Irish and Scottish histories and cultures, and the long development of the concepts ‘Celt’ and ‘Celtic’ in history, theory, and literature. The evolving attitudes towards Celtic languages and Celtic peoples in European thought from ancient times onwards are also discussed here. Special attention is paid to the development of scholarly Celtology and the cultural discourse of Celticism, with analysis of the work of the nineteenth century theorists Ernest Renan and Matthew Arnold. The introduction also explores the late nineteenth/early twentieth century Celtic Revivals of Ireland and Scotland in their respective political contexts and considers the gender politics of Celticism.
Joyce and Scott
Authors: Barlow Richard Alan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There are important similarities between Walter Scott and James Joyce as authors—both were fascinated by the histories of their respective nations, in the relationship between their home country and English power, and in the historical development of societies. Furthermore, Joyce owned some of Scott’s poetry and prose, and there is a network of intertextual links between Scott’s work and Joyce’s texts Dubliners (1914), A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916), Ulysses (1922), and Finnegans Wake (1939). Chapter 3 studies Joyce’s reading of Scott and examines allusions and references to Scott and his work in Joyce’s texts. Special attention is paid to the links between Scott, incest, and masturbation in Joyce’s work, as well as to the different conceptions of history offered by these two writers—Scott’s quasi-Smithian view of history is contrasted to Joyce’s interest in the theories of Giambattista Vico.
An English Tradition?
Authors: Duke-Evans Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For hundreds of years English people have claimed that fair play is at the core of their national identity. In this book Jonathan Duke-Evans explores the origins of the idea of fair play, tracing it back to the classical world and the Dark Ages, and finding its genesis deep within England’s social structure. Charting its early development through both the tales of chivalry and the stories of popular legend, the book shows how fair play manifested itself in literature, the law, the Christian religion, and the family. It examines the way in which fair play was conceived during the ages of slavery and empire, and it proposes a new account of the birth of modern sport in the encounter between age-old popular games and the Victorian cult of amateurism. Taking in the Scottish, Irish, and Welsh manifestations of fair play, the book offers contrasts and comparisons from cultures all around the world, and suggests new perspectives on the relevance of fair play in the 21st century.
What do we mean when we talk about fair play?
Authors: Duke-Evans Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While “fair play” has other meanings, this book concentrates on its historically central meaning of acting equitably. A number of strands can be distinguished within this concept: these include fair play as courtesy to opponents, as everyone’s right to a chance of success, as sympathy for the underdog, and as refusal to sneak. But the oldest sense of fair play is the refusal to cheat, and this can be seen as the core sense of the phrase. The idea of equality links fair play as not cheating, fair play as courtesy, fair play as giving people a chance, and fair play as sympathy for the underdog, and may indeed be an element in fair play as not sneaking. The rules of organised games may seek to safeguard fair play in three broad ways: by preventing mismatches between players or teams of vastly different abilities (with its recent variant, financial fair play); by reducing the risk of injury; and by penalising attempts to prevent opponents from playing the game as it is meant to be played. Fair play readily lends itself to rhetoric in the interests of ulterior motives. It has frequently been used by liberals to deprecate action against the relatively powerless and by conservatives to insist that inequality is justified as long as all have the same initial opportunities. This raises the question to what extent the idea of fair play as a particularly English or British trait is an ideological construct rather than a description of reality.
Fair play—the history of a phrase
Authors: Duke-Evans Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The term “fair play” emerges in the late 14th century, and already has its modern meaning in the Scottish poet Robert Henryson a century later. By the 1590s “fair play” was well established in the language, with Shakespeare himself a prominent early adopter. For the next couple of centuries “fair play” had a secondary meaning of “free action”, and in some contexts it is not easy to say which was the primary meaning intended. We first find the idea that “fair play” is a particularly English, or British, trait in Daniel Defoe’s writings. This association with being British often goes hand in hand with the idea that the common people in particular live by a code of fair play (in which enjoyment of the spectacle of others fighting was usually an important component). We also first find in the early 18th century the association between fair play and schoolboy culture. After 1800 the analysis is based on the occurrence of “fair play” in periodical literature. The idea that fair play is an English or British trait rose sharply in the second half of the 19th century, but we also find the idea used in new ways: for example, that it requires justice in the way society treats women, the poor, or ethnic minorities. The note of scepticism or even ridicule also becomes more insistent: many writers asserted that a particular situation belied the English or British reputation for fair play, but an increasing number questioned whether that reputation had ever been justified.
Classical perspectives
Authors: Duke-Evans Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Homeric epics show us a society in which trickery had an important place among the martial virtues celebrated by the poet. The figure of Odysseus, the epitome of metis or cunning, stands at the head of European literature. But it would be a mistake to conclude that the idea of fairness was foreign to Greek culture. The development of organised sport, pioneered by the Greeks, would be inconceivable without rules of fair play, and we find comparable ideas in Greek tragedy and rhetoric in the classical period. The greatest Greek philosophers put fairness at the heart of their analyses of the concept of justice. There was never, however, a cult of fair play in ancient Greece comparable to that which we find in Rome in the 1st century bce, when Virgil and Livy in particular placed the rejection of trickery near the centre of the constellation of virtues that distinguished the Romans from the Carthaginians and the Greeks. There was little or no basis for such smugness in real life, yet the ideal was to prove an enduring one.
Fair play in pre-industrial Britain
Authors: Duke-Evans Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To recognise obligations of fair play to someone one must accept them as in some sense being of equal status. In England from the later Middle Ages virtually all were entitled to call themselves free; distinctions between nobles and commoners were less important than elsewhere; cooperative institutions flourished in town and countryside. Such habits and institutions allowed the idea of fair play to take root. By the early modern period virtually all English people were entitled to the protection of the common law, and six principles which enshrine procedural fair play had emerged: jury trial, open justice, the presumption of innocence, the right to silence, habeas corpus, and the principle that an Englishman’s home is his castle. It was in the 18th century that a kind of fair play began to permeate the political system. The intellectual roots of fair play in politics go back to the ancient ideas of government by consent and of the mixed constitution, which asserted themselves more effectively when religious conflict subsided in the late 17th century. The Church of England only emerged as a force for (comparative) moderation, and hence fairness, with the rise of the Latitudinarians after 1660. Neither the social system, nor the common law, nor the political system, nor the Church can fully explain the existence of the fair play tradition in England; all were heavily influenced by it, however, and the social structure and common law in particular helped to shape the way in which the tradition was to develop.
Conclusion
Authors: Duke-Evans Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this book the history of fair play, both as a phrase and as a set of assumptions about the way people are entitled to be treated, has been traced over many centuries. Here the book’s main themes and conclusions are set out: the precursors in ancient Greece and Rome, the traditions of epic heroism and medieval chivalry, the flourishing of a popular strand of fair play, the unexpectedly central role of Scotland, the development of the great team games, the widening scope of the obligations of fair play, and the 20th-century decline. The idea that fair play is indeed a British quality does rest on a strong basis, and, while its origins go back deep into the Middle Ages, the reasons why it developed as it did are strongly linked with the—in relative terms—low barriers of status in early modern Britain. The phrase may have come to seem a little passé in recent decades, largely because of the way in which it was appropriated in the 19th and early 20th centuries by elites whose ways of thinking have had their day; but the underlying idea still matters enormously and retains its hold as the world faces new threats in the 21st century.
Lightweight Platonism
Authors: van Inwagen Peter 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe “Lightweight Platonism” presented in this chapter is an ontology (including a meta-ontology) that is consistent with the theses defended in the earlier chapters. The meta-ontology explicitly rejects the position that finding the theories that best explain certain phenomena (e.g., that this apple and that book, although they are not identical, are identical in color) is a permissible method for ontology. Rather, the proper method for ontology is to see what existential propositions our discourse commits us to (using the methods endorsed by Quine), and to form theories about the nature of the objects in virtue of whose existence those propositions are true. I contend our discourse commits us to the existence of substances and relations and nothing else. “Relations” (understood to include propositions and attributes) are things that can be said or things that can be said of things. Binary relations, for example, are things that can be said of two things.
Aristotle for Women Who Love Too Much
Authors: Hursthouse Rosalind 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is scholarly debate over the issue of whether there is goodwill in the friendships Aristotle calls friendships of utility and pleasure as well as in friendships based on virtue. This article argues that there is goodwill in utility and pleasure friendships on the basis of scholarly considerations, but provides further motivation for the view by considering the worldly wisdom in recognizing goodwill in pleasure friendships based on erotic passion. In these relationships, goodwill based on pleasure is often mistaken for the deeper relationship of loving someone ‘for him/her self’, which is only to be found in virtue-friendships. Thus we should be careful not to infer from someone having goodwill towards us—even goodwill for our own sake—that they love us for our character and who we are as people.