bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
John Garang On Air: Radio Battles in Sudan's Second Civil War
Authors: Del Vicario Danielle 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article explores radio broadcasting and monitoring by and about Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) leader John Garang during Sudan's second civil war, focusing on the core period of Radio SPLA broadcasting (1984–91). Through oral history, memoirs, and international monitoring reports, the article analyzes radio conversations between Garang and his critics — northern Sudanese, southern Sudanese, and international — to argue that radio battles directly shaped the struggle for political authority between Garang and the Sudanese government, and within the SPLM/A elite. Radio allowed Garang to speak to a dispersed audience within and beyond Sudan, presenting an alternative history of Sudan, publicizing his vision of a New Sudan, and asserting his pseudo-sovereign control of SPLM/A-held territory. However, Radio SPLA did not exist in a vacuum; Garang's rivals responded on government and international radio to criticize his leadership in targeted, personal terms. Radio thus powerfully mediated between personal, national, and international politics during the SPLM/A's liberation struggle.
Autonomous control design of an unmanned aerial manipulator for contact inspection
Authors: Zeng Junhao , Zhong Hang , Wang Yaonan , Fan Shuangwen , Zhang Hui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn recent years, autonomous control based on contact inspections in unknown environments is a new hot and difficult point in robotics research. This paper presents a new control law for unmanned aerial manipulator (UAM) to perform contact inspection tasks on vertical surfaces. The selected circular image feature decouples the position and attitude of UAM, so an image-based impedance control is proposed to control the position and track the contact force. The developed controller uses geometric methods to control the attitude. In addition, the designed aerial manipulator decouples the roll and pitch of the UAV from the UAV, which improves the system’s stability. Experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of this method.
Broadband frequency reconfigurable printed transceivers for microwave imaging systems
Authors: Malhotra Ankita , Basu Ananjan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel method for obtaining wideband spectral information of the target in microwave imaging systems by using broadband frequency reconfigurable printed transceivers. The proposed transceiver is composed of two embedded stacked microstrip antenna configurations operating in C-band (5.5–8.5 GHz) and X-band (8.5–11.5 GHz) with each having 3 GHz bandwidth. The transceiver switches between the two configurations (and thus frequency bands) using PIN diodes and collects response of the antenna in the presence of the target, in both the operating bands. This information is then combined to obtain wideband spectral information of the target from 5.5 to 11.5 GHz to achieve improved image reconstruction. The proposed reconfigurable transceiver has advantage over traditional broadband transceivers (those have slots/meandering at ground plane to achieve wideband response) that it has unidirectional radiation patterns throughout its band of operation. Hence the imaging system is implemented without the absorbers. This keeps the system compact and inconspicuous when installed for security applications. Here, a bistatic system is employed with two-dimensional target scanning performed in a real outdoor environment.
Videobasierte Beratung
Authors: Schaarschmidt Nadine 
Published: November 2022

Die Vor- und Nachteile von Video-Beratung

Leidet die Qualität des Kontakts unter medienvermittelter Kommunikation oder stellt sie sogar einen Mehrwert dar? Die Einsatzmöglichkeiten für Video-Beratung sind vielfältig, jedoch kaum konzeptionell-methodisch gestützt und nur ansatzweise wissenschaftlich erforscht. Diese Lücke schließt Nadine Schaarschmidt. Sie zeigt, ob und auf welche Art sich die Kommunikation zwischen Berater_in und Klient_in verändert, sobald das Gespräch nicht mehr von Angesicht zu Angesicht, sondern videovermittelt stattfindet.
Video-Beratung bietet eine niedrige Zugangsschwelle zu psychosozialer Unterstützung von psychisch belasteten Menschen, die z.B.
•zeitlich und beruflich stark eingebunden sind,
•körperliche Einschränkungen haben oder
•in ländlichen Gebieten oder Gegenden mit unzureichender psychologischer und psychotherapeutischer Gesundheitsversorgung leben.
Neben theoretischen Ausführungen werden praktische Handlungsanweisungen für die Durchführung videogestützter Beratung von Klient_innen angeboten und mit empirischen Ergebnissen verknüpft. Durch ein tieferes Verständnis von Theorie und Empirie lassen sich mögliche Fehler vermeiden und die Beratung kann wirkungsvoll gestaltet werden.
Suggestion, Empathie und Evidenz in der Medizin
Authors: Jörg Johannes 
Published: November 2022

Selbstheilungskräfte durch psychische und physiologische Veränderungen aktivieren

Patient_innen haben je nach Persönlichkeit, ihrem sozialen, kulturellen und religiösen Umfeld sowie der Art der Erkrankung beim Arztkontakt eine abwartende, bei Notfällen meist ängstliche Grundstimmung. Die Situation geht oft nicht nur mit einer erhöhten Erwartungshaltung („Hoffnung“), sondern mit einer verstärkten psychischen sowie vegetativen Beeinflussbarkeit einher.
Suggestion und Autosuggestion können, je nach Grad der psychovegetativen Beeinflussbarkeit, die Selbstheilungskräfte durch psychische und physiologische Veränderungen aktivieren. Der Autor beschreibt anschaulich, wie der bewusste Einsatz von Empathie und Suggestion im Rahmen der ärztlichen Tätigkeit sowohl eine enge Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung fördern und Therapieergebnisse positiv beeinflussen, aber auch als übersteigerte Form in Selbstüberschätzung oder Missbrauch übergehen kann.
In 18 praxisnahen Kasuistiken werden unterschiedliche Situationen beleuchtet, in denen Potenzial und mögliche Risiken beschrieben werden:
•Bei welchen Patient_innen gibt es eine erhöhte Suggestibilität?
•Was ist beim Einsatz von Suggestiv-Methoden und Placebo-Therapien zu beachten?
•Warum können Telemedizin, künstliche Intelligenz oder Robotik trotz „empathieloser Informationen“ besonders hilfreich sein?
Dem Autor gelingt ein pragmatischer Brückenschlag zwischen verschiedenen Ansätzen der Universitätsmedizin mit ihren evidenz- und leitlinienbasierten Schwerpunkten, der Komplementärmedizin und der digitalen Medizin.
Determinant of Sea Salt Aerosol Emission in the Southern Hemisphere in Summer Time
Authors: Shi Jun , Yan Jinpei , Wang Shanshan , Zhao Shuhui , Zhang Miming , Xu Suqing , Lin Qi , Yang Hang 
Published: November 2022

AbstractHigh‐time resolution (1h) aerosol composition measurements were performed in the Southern Hemisphere during February 2018–April 2018. Na+ was the most abundant water‐soluble ion (WSI) species, accounting for 67% of the total WSIs. The highest Na+ levels were observed in low‐middle latitudes (20–40°S) with an average concentration of 2.69 ± 2.16 μg m−3. This was 2–3 times greater than in other regions. Low temperature (T) and strong short‐term variations of wind speed (WS) were associated with relatively low Na+ concentrations in high‐middle latitudes (40–60°S), where there was a strong mean WS (9.1 m s−1). When WS < 7 m s−1, Na+ concentrations were low in all T ranges. Temperature and Na+ concentrations were moderately positively correlated when 10 ≤ WS < 13 m s−1 and WS ≥ 13 m s−1 (R2 = 0.48 and 0.34, respectively). Na+ concentrations were very low when relative humidity (RH) < 60% and significantly increased when RH was between 70% and 90%. However, Na+ concentrations under high RH (90%–100%) were not higher than those with RH between 70% and 90%, implying that a number of fine particles will increase their mass and convert to coarse particles and lead to a greater gravity sedimentation in high RH. Close to the Antarctic, Na+ concentrations decreased significantly under high WS levels, suggesting that sea ice cover reduces the production of sea salt aerosols (SSAs). What's more, air mass trajectory and the source of air mass also had an effect on the concentrations of SSAs. The results presented here extend the knowledge of the impact of sea salt on atmospheric aerosols above the Southern Hemisphere Ocean.
Understanding the Role of Terrestrial and Marine Carbon in the Mid‐Latitude Fjords of Scotland
Authors: Smeaton C. , Austin W. E. N. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe sediments within fjords are critical components of the mid‐ to high‐latitude coastal carbon (C) cycle, trapping and storing more organic carbon (OC) per unit area than other marine sedimentary environments. Located at the land‐ocean transition, fjord sediments receive OC from both marine and terrestrial environments; globally, it has been estimated that 55%–62% of the OC held within modern fjord sediments originates from terrestrial environments. However, the mid‐latitude fjords of the Northern Hemisphere have largely been omitted from these global compilations. Here we investigate the mechanism driving the distribution of OC originating from different sources within the sediments of 38 Scottish fjords. From an array of fjord characteristics, the tidal range and outer sill depth were identified as the main drivers governing the proportions of marine and terrestrial OC in the sediments. Utilizing this relationship, we estimate that on average 52% ± 10% of the OC held within the sediments of all Scotland's fjords is terrestrial in origin. These findings show that the Scottish fjords hold equivalent quantities of terrestrial OC as other global fjord systems. However, the analysis also highlights that the sediments within 29% of Scottish fjords are dominated by marine derived OC, which is driven by local fjord geomorphology and oceanography.
Earthquake Cycle Deformation Associated With the 2021 MW 7.4 Maduo (Eastern Tibet) Earthquake: An Intrablock Rupture Event on a Slow‐Slipping Fault From Sentinel‐1 InSAR and Teleseismic Data
Authors: Fang Jin , Ou Qi , Wright Tim J. , Okuwaki Ryo , Amey Ruth M. J. , Craig Tim J. , Elliott John R. , Hooper Andy , Lazecký Milan , Maghsoudi Yasser 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn the continents, the importance of earthquakes that occur away from major block‐bounding faults is still debated. The 21 May 2021 MW ∼ 7.4 Maduo earthquake occurred on a secondary fault away from previously‐identified major block boundaries. Here we use 7 years of Sentinel‐1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series (between October 2014 and November 2021) to determine the distribution of coseismic slip and early postseismic afterslip following the Maduo earthquake, and the preceding interseismic strain accumulation. We devised a 13‐segment 3‐D fault geometry constrained by the SAR range offsets and the distribution of relocated aftershocks and used a Bayesian method incorporating von Karman regularization to solve for coseismic slip and afterslip models. We also used teleseismic waveforms as a standalone inversion to show the rupture evolution in space and time during the earthquake, finding that it propagates bilaterally with three notable rupture episodes. Our preferred coseismic self‐similar slip model shows a moderate shallow slip deficit, with the majority of moment release occurring in the depth interval of 1–10 km. The coseismic slip deficit is taken up in part by afterslip at shallow (<4 km) depths that grows linearly with time during the first ∼6 months, and at >10 km depths where afterslip grows logarithmically with time. We suggest that this heterogeneity is likely controlled by spatial variations in fault friction related to lithology. We discuss the implications for seismic hazard away from major tectonic block boundaries in light of our observations of the earthquake cycle on this intrablock fault.
PA-MSHA induces inflamed tumor microenvironment and sensitizes tumor to anti-PD-1 therapy
Authors: Huang Min , He Fang , Li Dan , Xie Ya-Jia , Jiang Ze-Bo , Huang Ju-Min , Zhao Xiao-Ping , Nasim Ali Adnan , Chen Jun-Hui , Hou Jin-Cai , Fan Xian-Ming , Leung Elaine Lai-Han , Fan Xing-Xing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA low response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has impeded its clinical use. As reported previously, an inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) was directly correlated with patients’ response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Thus, restoring the cytotoxic effect of immune cells in the TME is a promising way to improve the efficacy of ICB and overcome primary resistance to immunotherapy. The effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive-hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) in facilitating T cell activation was determined in vitro and in vivo. Subsets of immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Proteomics was carried out to comprehensively analyze the discriminated cellular kinases and transcription factors. The combinational efficacy of PA-MSHA and αPD-1 therapy was studied in vivo. In this study we demonstrated that PA-MSHA, which is a clinically used immune adjuvant, effectively induced the anti-tumor immune response and suppressed the growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. PA-MSHA showed great potential to sensitize refractory “cold” tumors to immunotherapy. It effectively enhanced macrophage M1 polarization and induced T cell activation. In vivo, in combination with αPD-1, PA-MSHA suppressed tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of allograft model mice. These results indicate that PA-MSHA is a potent agent to stimulate immune cells infiltration into the TME and consequently induces inflammation in tumors. The combination of PA-MSHA with αPD-1 is a potential strategy to enhance the clinical response rate to ICI therapy.
Machine learning-based prediction of cognitive outcomes in de novo Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Harvey Joshua , Reijnders Rick A. , Cavill Rachel , Duits Annelien , Köhler Sebastian , Eijssen Lars , Rutten Bart P. F. , Shireby Gemma , Torkamani Ali , Creese Byron , Leentjens Albert F. G. , Lunnon Katie , Pishva Ehsan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCognitive impairment is a debilitating symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We aimed to establish an accurate multivariate machine learning (ML) model to predict cognitive outcome in newly diagnosed PD cases from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). Annual cognitive assessments over an 8-year time span were used to define two cognitive outcomes of (i) cognitive impairment, and (ii) dementia conversion. Selected baseline variables were organized into three subsets of clinical, biofluid and genetic/epigenetic measures and tested using four different ML algorithms. Irrespective of the ML algorithm used, the models consisting of the clinical variables performed best and showed better prediction of cognitive impairment outcome over dementia conversion. We observed a marginal improvement in the prediction performance when clinical, biofluid, and epigenetic/genetic variables were all included in one model. Several cerebrospinal fluid measures and an epigenetic marker showed high predictive weighting in multiple models when included alongside clinical variables.
Identifying psychiatric manifestations in schizophrenia and depression from audio-visual behavioural indicators through a machine-learning approach
Authors: Xu Shihao , Yang Zixu , Chakraborty Debsubhra , Chua Yi Han Victoria , Tolomeo Serenella , Winkler Stefan , Birnbaum Michel , Tan Bhing-Leet , Lee Jimmy , Dauwels Justin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) and depression (MDD) are two chronic mental disorders that seriously affect the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. We aim to develop machine-learning methods with objective linguistic, speech, facial, and motor behavioral cues to reliably predict the severity of psychopathology or cognitive function, and distinguish diagnosis groups. We collected and analyzed the speech, facial expressions, and body movement recordings of 228 participants (103 SCZ, 50 MDD, and 75 healthy controls) from two separate studies. We created an ensemble machine-learning pipeline and achieved a balanced accuracy of 75.3% for classifying the total score of negative symptoms, 75.6% for the composite score of cognitive deficits, and 73.6% for the total score of general psychiatric symptoms in the mixed sample containing all three diagnostic groups. The proposed system is also able to differentiate between MDD and SCZ with a balanced accuracy of 84.7% and differentiate patients with SCZ or MDD from healthy controls with a balanced accuracy of 82.3%. These results suggest that machine-learning models leveraging audio-visual characteristics can help diagnose, assess, and monitor patients with schizophrenia and depression.
A systematic review of worldwide causal and correlational evidence on digital media and democracy
Authors: Lorenz-Spreen Philipp , Oswald Lisa , Lewandowsky Stephan , Hertwig Ralph 
Published: November 2022

AbstractOne of today’s most controversial and consequential issues is whether the global uptake of digital media is causally related to a decline in democracy. We conducted a systematic review of causal and correlational evidence (N = 496 articles) on the link between digital media use and different political variables. Some associations, such as increasing political participation and information consumption, are likely to be beneficial for democracy and were often observed in autocracies and emerging democracies. Other associations, such as declining political trust, increasing populism and growing polarization, are likely to be detrimental to democracy and were more pronounced in established democracies. While the impact of digital media on political systems depends on the specific variable and system in question, several variables show clear directions of associations. The evidence calls for research efforts and vigilance by governments and civil societies to better understand, design and regulate the interplay of digital media and democracy.
Bassoon contributes to tau-seed propagation and neurotoxicity
Authors: Martinez Pablo , Patel Henika , You Yanwen , Jury Nur , Perkins Abigail , Lee-Gosselin Audrey , Taylor Xavier , You Yingjian , Viana Di Prisco Gonzalo , Huang Xiaoqing , Dutta Sayan , Wijeratne Aruna B. , Redding-Ochoa Javier , Shahid Syed Salman , Codocedo Juan F. , Min Sehong , Landreth Gary E. , Mosley Amber L. , Wu Yu-Chien , McKinzie David L. , Rochet Jean-Christophe , Zhang Jie , Atwood Brady K. , Troncoso Juan , Lasagna-Reeves Cristian A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTau aggregation is a defining histopathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies. However, the cellular mechanisms involved in tau propagation remain unclear. Here, we performed an unbiased quantitative proteomic study to identify proteins that specifically interact with this tau seed. We identified Bassoon (BSN), a presynaptic scaffolding protein, as an interactor of the tau seed isolated from a mouse model of tauopathy, and from Alzheimer’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy postmortem samples. We show that BSN exacerbates tau seeding and toxicity in both mouse and Drosophila models for tauopathy, and that BSN downregulation decreases tau spreading and overall disease pathology, rescuing synaptic and behavioral impairments and reducing brain atrophy. Our findings improve the understanding of how tau seeds can be stabilized by interactors such as BSN. Inhibiting tau-seed interactions is a potential new therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative tauopathies.
Forecasting individual progression trajectories in Huntington disease enables more powered clinical trials
Authors: Koval Igor , Dighiero-Brecht Thomas , Tobin Allan J. , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Scahill Rachael I. , Tezenas du Montcel Sophie , Durrleman Stanley , Durr Alexandra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractVariability in neurodegenerative disease progression poses great challenges for the evaluation of potential treatments. Identifying the persons who will experience significant progression in the short term is key for the implementation of trials with smaller sample sizes. We apply here disease course mapping to forecast biomarker progression for individual carriers of the pathological CAG repeat expansions responsible for Huntington disease. We used data from two longitudinal studies (TRACK-HD and TRACK-ON) to synchronize temporal progression of 15 clinical and imaging biomarkers from 290 participants with Huntington disease. We used then the resulting HD COURSE MAP to forecast clinical endpoints from the baseline data of 11,510 participants from ENROLL-HD, an external validation cohort. We used such forecasts to select participants at risk for progression and compute the power of trials for such an enriched population. HD COURSE MAP forecasts biomarkers 5 years after the baseline measures with a maximum mean absolute error of 10 points for the total motor score and 2.15 for the total functional capacity. This allowed reducing sample sizes in trial up to 50% including participants with a higher risk for progression ensuring a more homogeneous group of participants.
Development of sand-plastic composites as floor tiles using silica sand and recycled thermoplastics: a sustainable approach for cleaner production
Authors: Soni Ashish , Das Pankaj Kumar , Yusuf Mohammad , Kamyab Hesam , Chelliapan Shreeshivadasan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStrict environmental concerns, depleting natural recourses, and rising demand for building construction materials have promoted scientific research toward alternative building materials. This research supports the idea of sustainability and a circular economy via the utilization of waste to produce value-added products. The research explored the potential of waste plastics and silica sand for developing thermoplastic composite as floor tiles. The samples were characterized by water absorption, compressive strength, flexural strength, and sliding wear. The morphological analysis of the sand-plastic interfaces was covered under the umbrella of this study. The maximum compressive and flexural strength were found to be 46.20 N/mm2 and 6.24 N/mm2, respectively, with the minimum water absorption and sliding wear rate of 0.039% and 0.143 × 10–8 kg/m, respectively. The study suggests the workability of the developed floor tiles in non-traffic areas of public places. Thus, the study provides a green building material through recycling waste plastics for sustainable development.