bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungi from Floral Parts of Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)1
Authors: Jones Alfred , Jackson C. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sweetpotato breeders are confronted with the problem of extremely low seed set. Based on counts made of seed set in tagged flowers, only about 2 or 3% of the potential seed production is realized (2). This problem is compounded by the occurrence of flower bud abscission prior to opening. Although low seed set may be primarily due to genetic incompatibility, sterility or physiological disharmony in developing seed, insect or disease damage could also be involved. This study provides information on the fungi of sweetpotato floral parts and preliminary results of their effect on seed set.
Effects of Field Seeding and Transplanting on Earliness, Quality, and Yield of Cantaloupe Varieties
Authors: Norton J. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three-week old plants of 10 cantaloupe varieties grown in 3-inch peat pots were transplanted to the field from April 15 to 24 for a S-year period. Field seeded plots were direct seeded the same day and 7-10 days earlier.
The yield and fruit weight from transplants were significantly higher than those from field seeded plants. The total soluble solids content of fruit from transplants averaged more than 2 per cent higher than that of field seeded plants started the same date. When field seeded 7-10 days earlier, the difference was not as great; however, total soluble solids were consisently higher in fruit from transplants. Two factors were possibly responsible for the higher yields, fruit weights, and soluble solids. Because field seeded plants matured later, foliar diseases were more severe and plants were also exposed to additional cloudiness and rainfall.
Fruit of transplants matured approximately 14 days earlier than that of field seeded plants started the same date. When field seeding was accomplished 7-10 days before transplanting, fruit from field seeded plants matured only 7-10 days after the transplants.
Soil Compaction and Soluble Salt Accumulation in Amended Turf Soils1
Authors: Thurman P. C. , Pokorny F. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Soil compaction is considered to be a major factor in the loss of grass in established turf plantings. Associated with the onset of soil compaction is a decrease in soil aeration (1), a reduction in gaseous exchange, and reduced water infiltration rates (2, 6, 7). Attempts to increase turf vigor and putting green resiliency by applying higher rates of fertilizer and by increased irrigation have often accentuated long-standing problems of diseases, poor root development, and low water infiltration rates (3,7). Frequent but light irrigations may also contribute to a buildup of harmful salt concentrations in compacted soils (5, 8).
Organisms Found Growing under Nutrient Mist Propagation1
Authors: Coorts G. D. , Sorenson C. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Intermittent mist is widely used by plant propagators in the rooting of cuttings. However, it has been demonstrated that under this method of propagation nutrients are leached from cuttings. Recent work (1, 2, 3) has shown that by adding fertilizer to mist during the propagation of cuttings, the nutrient content of the cuttings may be replenished. Due to the length of time in the propagation bench, sanitation is much more critical when propagating woody ornamental plants under a nutrient mist than when propagating herbaceous plants.
Seasonal Distribution of Manganese in Leaves and Shoots of Red Delicious Apple Trees Showing Internal Bark Necrosis (IBN)
Authors: Zeiger D. C. , Shelton J. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mn in apple leaves rose to a late summer maximum prior to or at abscission. The average levels, or the maxima, were not related to the severity of IBN symptoms. There are indications, but no conclusive evidence, that some withdrawal into the bark of shoots may occur. If such movement does occur, the resulting increase in bark Mn concentration is not great and cannot account for levels of bark Mn associated with IBN by Berg, et al. (1). No redistribution of Mn between bark and wood appears to occur during the winter.
Effects of Certain Growth Regulators on Low Temperature Injury of Cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium1
Authors: Bruckel D. W. , Wiggans S. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The growth substances Alar, gibberellin, maleic hydrazide, and phosfon were applied to Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivars and their effects on low temperature injury resistance determined electrolytically. Single and repeated applications of Alar and maleic hydrazide were found to reduce effectively low temperature injury, but gibberellin and phosfon applications did not affect resistance to injury.
Starch Content in Cherry Stems Near Loci of Graft, Banding and Scoring1
Authors: Carlson R. F. , Yu Kyung 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) budded on Mahaleb (P. mahaleb L.) in some instances exhibit incompatibility symptoms, but less frequently when on Mazzard rootstock (4). The symptoms of incompatibility of sweet cherry cultivars on Mahaleb are over-growth above the graft union and premature defoliation in the fall. Longitudinal sections through the graft union reveal a thick phloem and bark just above the graft union, whereas, no major abnormalities appear in the xylem area of the graft union (4).
Bighart, An Improved Pimiento Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Variety1,2
Authors: Greenleaf W. H. , Hollingworth M. H. , Harris Hubert , Rymal K. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bighart, an improved Pimiento pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) variety (Fig. 1), was developed at the Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, and released to the Associated Pimiento Canners in February 1969. Bighart averaged 74% more yield than the commercial Truhart variety in 2 years’ trials at the North Alabama Horticulture Substation, Cullman, Alabama. Bighart fruits were 37% heavier, had 13% thicker walls and gave a 10% higher recovery of canned product than those of Truhart. In addition, the concentrated fruit set and fruit maturity of Bighart promises suitability for machine harvest.
The Relationship of Sulfur Fumes to Defoliation and Fruit Drop of Apples1
Authors: Hoyt S. C. , Benson N. R. , Burts E. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In early September 1963, extensive leaf drop on Winesap apple trees was reported from an orchard in Yakima County, Washington. Later a high percentage of fruit dropped prematurely, and the remaining fruit failed to color and mature normally.
Relationship Between Length of Vernalization, Stem Apex Size, and Initiatory Activity in Lilium longiflorum cv. ‘Ace‘1
Authors: Wang S. Y. , Roberts A. N. , Blaney L. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A study of shoot apex size and initiatory activity in August-harvested ‘Ace’ bulbs following 0, 6, and 18 weeks vernalization at 40°F showed negetative correlations between leaf and flower number and length of vernalization treatment, and between apex size and this cold treatment. Growth acceleration as reflected in earlier shoot emergence, internode elongation and rapid leaf unfolding was evident following 6 weeks’ 40°F storage, but prolonged (18 weeks) treatment drastically reduced subsequently initiatory activity and rate of leaf unfolding.
Effects of Herbicides on the Dry Matter Content, Total Soluble Solids, and Pungency of Onion1
Authors: Saghir A. R. , Senzai M. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Demand for dehydrated onions, Allium cepa L., is becoming considerable in world markets. Any changes in dry matter, total soluble solids, or pungency of onions may affect quality of the dehydrated product. Several studies have been made on the influence of herbicides on weed control and onion yield (2, 4, 5) but little has been reported on the effects of herbicides on quality characteristics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of chlorbromuron (N'-(4-bromo-3-chlo-rophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methylurea), chloroxuron (N’-4-(4-chlorophenoxy) phenyl-N,N-dimethylurea), propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide), CP-50144 (2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acentilide), Sindone 0263 (1, 1-dimethyl-4,6-diisopropyl-5-indanylethylketone + 7-indanylisomer), propanil (3’, 4′-dichloropropionanilide), and prometryne (2,4-bis(iso-propylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine) on dry matter content, total soluble solids, and pungency of onions.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Dickson Michael H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Quality is rather nebulous and often difficult to measure objectively. This is not surprising since edible quality comprises a number of attributes, both physical and chemical. Some of the components of quality have been measured objectively for a long time; others, such as flavor and aroma, have only recently been measured objectively. Previously they were, and in most cases they still are, subject to personal preferences and prejudices.
Plant Constituents as they Affect Quality in Vegetables
Authors: McCollum J. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Assays for quality in vegetables are not generally considered difficult. Even the constituents of flavors may be determined readily by modern analytical methods. Characteristics such as color, sweetness, tenderness, crispness, pungency, and acidity can be readily observed. The apparent simplicity of a study of quality often obscures its complexity.
About Our Cover
Authors: Watson Donald P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sterculia Jbetida Linn. from East Africa, India, Malaysia and Northern Australia is a fast growing large deciduous tree up to 100 feet high. The palmate leaves are composed of 5 to 9 elliptic leaflets, which are pink when young. The yellow vile smelling flowers with purple markings almost an inch in diameter are foetid, woolly and borne on 12 inch green panicles on the ends of the twigs.
A Strawberry Harvest Mechanization System1
Authors: Quick Graeme R. , Denisen Ervin L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The development of a narrow bed cultivation technique, concentrated ripening varieties, and a novel machine for harvesting is presented as a potential solution to problems of strawberry production for processing.
Results of tests in the 1969 season and the steps in the development of this system are described. The harvester itself can readily be mounted on certain conventionally designed garden tractors.
The cost of equipment required and results obtained are sufficiently encouraging to suggest that an economical minimum labor production system might again be possible in areas which have been forced to abandon strawberry production by rising costs.
Observations on the Performance of Grape Cultivars in Nova Scotia1
Authors: Bishop R. F. , Craig D. L. , MacEachern C. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field trials with grape cultivars, conducted at three locations in the Annapolis-Cornwallis Valley in Nova Scotia, show that the successful growth of wine cultivars is not feasible. While there were differences between locations, apparently lack of sufficient heat units to fully mature the fruit is responsible for the area’s unsuitability.
Comparative Effects of Gibberellin and Parthenocarpy on the Shape and Maturation of Peaches1
Authors: Stembridge G. E. , Gambrell C. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A 500 ppm gibberellin A3 (GA) spray applied shortly after full bloom to unemasculated peach flowers caused some fruit to develop parthenocarpically. Nonparthenocarpic fruit sprayed with GA were similar to parthenocarpic fruit in their elongated shape and advanced maturity, and dissimilar to unsprayed control fruit. The applied GA, rather than a lack of ovule development, is therefore primarily responsible for alterations in shape and maturity of parthenocarpic peaches.
Production Efficiency of a Large and a Small ‘McIntosh’ Apple Tree1
Authors: Forshey C. G. , McKee M. Wayne 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There were no differences between a large (29.0 ft branch spread) and a small (10.5 ft branch spread) ‘McIntosh’ apple tree in total dry matter accumulated per unit of occupied land. However, the small tree produced 80.6% more fruit on a unit area basis. In terms of leaf efficiency, the small tree produced 60.4% more dry matter per unit weight of leaves than the large tree.
Storage Response of Green and Bleached Lima Beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.)1
Authors: Bass Louis N. , James Edwin , Clark Dorris C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Green and bleached beans designated as high and low vigor lots were stored at 21C and 50, 70, and 90% relative humidity. At the end of 36 months, no significant loss in viability occurred in either lot at 50% relative humidity. No significant loss of viability was found in the high vigor lot stored at 70% relative humidity but the low vigor lot lost all viability. Both lots were worthless for planting purposes when stored at 90% relative humidity for 3 months.
Incompatibilities Between Herbicides and Insecticides in Direct-Seeded Brassica Crops1
Authors: Freeman Jack A. , Finlayson D. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The compatibility of 5 preemergence herbicides and 3 insecticides applied in silt loam was assessed in 4 brassica crops by comparing their effects on germination, plant stand, and yield. Several combinations were deleterious. The herbicides CDEC and DCPA in combination with the insecticide thionazin reduced plant stand in cabbage and cauliflower. Herbicide C-7019 in combination with the insecticide fensulfothion was incompatible for cabbage and broccoli. Cabbage germination was reduced; while with broccoli both the germination and crop yield were affected. C-7019 alone reduced the germination of cauliflower and in combination with fensulfothion the damage was increased. This herbicide was phytotoxic to rutabaga. When nitrofen was combined with the insecticides, plant stands of cauliflower and rutabaga were affected. Nitrofen and thionazin together reduced the plant stand of cabbage. Propachlor at 4 lb./acre was compatible with any of the three insecticides for the four crops. However, the plant stand and yields of all four crops were reduced in plots treated with propachlor at 6 lb./acre in combination with thionazin. Propachlor with the insecticide carbofuran injured only broccoli. The herbicides did not affect the efficacy of the insecticides.
Effect of Auxin-Herbicides on Plant and Animal Biochemistry1
Authors: Cherry Joe H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Joe H. Cherry received his BS from the University of Tennessee (1957) and MS (1959) and PhD (1961) from the University of Illinois. He spent a year at the Seed Protein Pioneering Research Laboratory, U. S. Department of Agriculture, in New Orleans before coming to Purdue in 1962 where he is now Professor of Horticulture. A “Molecular Horticulturist” and proud of it, Dr. Cherry believes that the exciting arena for horticulture today is unraveling the biochemistry of gene action in relation to regulation of fundamental plant processes.
2, 4-D as an Air Pollutant: Effects on Growth of Representative Horticultural Plants1
Authors: Sherwood C. H. , Weigle J. L. , Denisen E. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Experimental techniques are described for concentric circular test patterns with intentional exposure to a 2,4-D source at the center. With the intensity of exposure as a function of distance from the center, various degrees and symptoms of expression of 2,4-D damage were obtained for a wide variety of horticultural plants. Observations were made on overwintering damage, carry-over effects on potted specimens returned to the greenhouse, seed carry-over effects (none), and effects on virus-infected plants.
Relation of Stress-Strain Properties of Tomato Skin to Cracking of Tomato Fruit1
Authors: Batal K. M. , Weigle J. L. , Foley D. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Stress-strain measurements of the skin from fruit of 5 tomato cultivars were related to field data for fruit cracking. No relationship was found between modulus of elasticity and fruit cracking, but ultimate force and breaking elongation showed inverse relationships to fruit cracking. Breaking elongation, which reflects both elasticity and plasticity of the skin, should be of value in estimating crack resistance of tomato fruit. The Instron instrument was used to determine these mechanical properties.
Turnip Root Production Studies in Regard to Different Cultural Practices1
Authors: del Valle C. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field experiments with turnips (Brassica rapa L.) from 1963 to 1968 compared fertilizer placement methods, seeding rates, boron sources, and different methods of precision seeding on Tifton loamy sand. No consistent yield differences were found among the 4 methods of fertilizer placement. Yield was reduced as spacing was reduced from 6 to 3 inches within the rows. Borate 65 was not phytotoxic and was better than borax in controlling brown heart of roots. It was equally effective as a control measure whether applied at seeding time or sidedressed 30 days after seeding. Among methods of precision seeding the Keystone seed tape was most precise in controlling spacing and resulted in 2 days earlier emergence.
The Effectiveness of Succinic Acid 2, 2-Dimethylhydrazide in Preventing Preharvest Drop of ‘Bartlett’ Pears1
Authors: Martin George C. , Griggs William H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Bartlett’ pear trees were sprayed 2 weeks after full bloom or 4 weeks before harvest with a single application of succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (Alar) at 1,000 or 2,000 ppm. Some trees that received 1,000 ppm were given a second application of Alar at 1,000 ppm 3 weeks after full bloom or 3 weeks before harvest. Alar was as effective as NAA at 10 ppm in preventing preharvest drop of fruits. Alar applied as a double spray early in the season or as a single or double spray late in the season was equally effective. Use of Alar as a preharvest drop spray provides great flexibility as it can be applied over a wide range of time. No undesirable side effects were noted from the use of Alar.
Accumulation of Simazine in Mulch Residue under Apple Trees and its Effect on Apple Rootstocks and Soil Microorganisms1
Authors: Lord W. J. , Gunner H. B. , Robinson D. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Simazine, especially from granular application, accumulated in hay mulch residue under apple trees and reduced soil contamination from this herbicide.
No marked build-up of simazine occurred in the soil. Simazine residues in soil ana mulch caused injury or death of EM VII rootstock, particularly after application in granular form.
Simazine in mulch had little influence on microbial populations. In soil, granular simazine increased numbers of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the spring.
Preharvest Sprays with 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid to Degreen ‘Robinson’ and ‘Lee’ Tangerine Fruits
Authors: Young Roger , Jahn Otto , Cooper W. C. , Smoot J. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel) applied at 50 to 200 ppm as a preharvest spray, showed considerable promise in degreening ‘Robinson’ and ‘Lee’ tangerine fruit. The preharvest degreening resulted in less postharvest degreening time required for acceptable color and less fruit decay during storage. Ethrel concn between 100 and 200 ppm caused abscission of some old leaves, but had no apparent effect on external appearance other than color.
Pesticides and Pollution
Authors: Paul Larsen R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
No domestic issue since the depression of the 1930‘s has generated so much concern and emotion as “pollution. ” Like it or not, we as horticulturists are being swept along in an accelerating tide of public opinion against anything which may seem to add another gram of contamination to our earthly environment. In the public mind, pollution and pesticides have become synonymous. That is, pesticides are environmental poisons regardless of form, use or purpose. This unfortunate fear has been very effectively promoted by certain special interest groups who believe in strict protection and preservation of the environment, but only in accordance with their viewpoint.
Cold Injury as Related to Cultural Management and Possible Protective Devices for Dormant Peach Trees
Authors: Savage Earl F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the peach growing areas of southeastern United States, it is only occasionally that peach trees are cold injured in early winter. The fruit is harvested in July, and there are nearly 3-1/2 months during which the leaves remain active on the trees, replenishing carbohydrate reserves. The fall months are warm with little rainfall so that the trees enter the dormant season in a non-vigorous condition. In the normal season, sufficient hours of cold below 45°F have accumulated, usually by late January, to break the rest period of most peach varieties and during warm periods in late winter the trees gradually resume growth and become susceptible to injury from low temperature. Thus, cold injury to immature tissues in the Southeast usually occurs during late winter whereas cold injury in the northern states, unless it results from extremely low temperature, occurs in early winter.
Crop Protection by Heating, Wind Machines, and Overhead Irrigation1
Authors: Gerber J. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cold weather can change the yield of fruit crops faster than any other factor. This change may range from mild effects to total disaster involving not only the current year’s crop, but also future year’s. Much effort has gone into the protection of fruit crops from the damage of cold weather by the producer; much less effort has been spent by the researcher. No doubt, a part of the reason is the multitude of disciplines that are required to solve the problem of prevention of cold injury by microclimatic modification.
Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Nitrogen on the Strawberry cv. ‘Redcoat’1
Authors: Blatt C. R. , Crouse D. N. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Field grown plants receiving gibberellic acid (GA) 4 weeks or 4 and 8 weeks after planting produced significantly more runners than the control. Compared with the controls, there were no significant vegetative or cropping differences due to rate of GA application. Increasing the rate of applied nitrogen increased runner, runner plant, and % leaf N values in greenhouse grown plants and a GA spray of 50 ppm combined with 120 ppm N gave the highest runner plant yield. Time of GA application was the significant factor in the vegetative response of this cultivar; however, compared with the control the increases were relatively small.
Cork Spot (Pit) of ‘Anjou’ Pear Related to Calcium Concentration in Fruit1
Authors: Mason J. L. , Welsh M. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Normal fruits of ‘Anjou’ pear and fruits with cork spot (pit) symptoms collected at harvest time from trees of various ages, were peeled, cored, and halved and the calyx ends analyzed for mineral nutrient concentration. Pitted fruits were significantly lower in Ca concentration, but there were no differences in Mg, K, Zn, Fe, Mn or Cu. Pitted fruits had a mean of 219 ppm Ca (dry-weight basis) with a range from 187 to 255 ppm. Normal fruits had a mean of 319 ppm with a range of 244 to 453 ppm.
Frost Protection with Foam Applied in Small Trenches
Authors: Heilman M. D. , Bartholic J. F. , Gonzalez C. L. , Farris B. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foam was applied for frost protection to January planted cantaloupes (Cucumis melo L.) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Two planting configurations consisting of shallow trenches and conventional beds were compared to evaluate volume of foam required and durability. The trench planting technique increased the foam’s durability and reduced the volume approximately three-fourths. The cost of foam application to a low profile crop in the shallow trenches was approximately $74.00 per hectare. Leaf temperature in the foamed trenches was up to 12°C warmer than nonfoamed conventional beds.