bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of simplicial complexes to determine when to sample for quantitative DCE MRI of the breast
Authors: DiCarlo Julie C. , Jarrett Angela M. , Kazerouni Anum S. , Virostko John , Sorace Anna , Slavkova Kalina P. , Woodard Stefanie , Avery Sarah , Patt Debra , Goodgame Boone , Yankeelov Thomas E. 
Published: November 2022

PurposeA method is presented to select the optimal time points at which to measure DCE‐MRI signal intensities, leaving time in the MR exam for high‐spatial resolution image acquisition.TheorySimplicial complexes are generated from the Kety‐Tofts model pharmacokinetic parameters Ktrans and ve. A geometric search selects optimal time points for accurate estimation of perfusion parameters.MethodsThe DCE‐MRI data acquired in women with invasive breast cancer (N = 27) were used to retrospectively compare parameter maps fit to full and subsampled time courses. Simplicial complexes were generated for a fixed range of Kety‐Tofts model parameters and for the parameter ranges weighted by estimates from the fully sampled data. The largest‐area manifolds determined the optimal three time points for each case. Simulations were performed along with retrospectively subsampled data fits. The agreement was computed between the model parameters fit to three points and those fit to all points.ResultsThe optimal three‐point sample times were from the data‐informed simplicial complex analysis and determined to be 65, 204, and 393 s after arrival of the contrast agent to breast tissue. In the patient data, tumor‐median parameter values fit using all points and the three selected time points agreed with concordance correlation coefficients of 0.97 for Ktrans and 0.67 for ve.ConclusionIt is possible to accurately estimate pharmacokinetic parameters from three properly selected time points inserted into a clinical DCE‐MRI breast exam. This technique can provide guidance on when to capture images for quantitative data between high‐spatial‐resolution DCE‐MRI images.
The best and worst of times in therapy development for myasthenia gravis
Authors: Benatar Michael , Cutter Gary , Kaminski Henry J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWithin the last 5 years, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved complement and neonatal Fc receptor (FcRN) inhibitors for treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis, and several other therapies are in late‐stage clinical trials or under regulatory review. However, questions about which patients are most likely to benefit from which therapies, and the relative effectiveness of these very expensive drugs, has resulted in uncertainty around the place that they should occupy in the existing therapeutic armamentarium. MGNet (a Rare Diseases Clinical Research Consortium funded by the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke) held two meetings during the 14th International Conference of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America to discuss the most critical needs for clinical trial readiness and biomarker development in the context of therapy development for myasthenia gravis. Herein we provide a summary of these discussions, but not a consensus opinion, and offer a series of recommendations to guide focused research in the most critical areas. We welcome ongoing discussion through comments on this work.
Delirium detection using GAMMA wave and machine learning: A pilot study
Authors: Mulkey Malissa , Albanese Thomas , Kim Sunghan , Huang Huyanting , Yang Baijain 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDelirium occurs in as many as 80% of critically ill older adults and is associated with increased long‐term cognitive impairment, institutionalization, and mortality. Less than half of delirium cases are identified using currently available subjective assessment tools. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been identified as a reliable objective measure but has not been feasible. This study was a prospective pilot proof‐of‐concept study, to examine the use of machine learning methods evaluating the use of gamma band to predict delirium from EEG data derived from a limited lead rapid response handheld device. Data from 13 critically ill participants aged 50 or older requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 12 h were enrolled. Across the three models, accuracy of predicting delirium was 70 or greater. Stepwise discriminant analysis provided the best overall method. While additional research is needed to determine the best cut points and efficacy, use of a handheld limited lead rapid response EEG device capable of monitoring all five cerebral lobes of the brain for predicting delirium hold promise.
The association of 1‐year weight loss from bariatric surgery and self‐reported sleep: a prospective cohort
Authors: Young Deborah R. , Hong Benjamin D. , Lewis Kristina H. , Paz Silvia R. , Bhakta Bhumi B. , Macias Mayra , Crawford Cecelia L. , Drewnowski Adam , Ji Ming , Moore Darren D. , Shen Ernest , Murali Sameer B. , Coleman Karen J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the association of weight loss following bariatric surgery with self‐reported sleep quality after accounting for other sleep‐related factors.MethodsParticipants were from the Bariatric Experience Long Term (BELONG) study. Participants completed a survey up to 6 months before surgery and approximately 1 year after surgery. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure sleep quality. One‐year percentage total weight loss (%TWL) was determined from electronic medical records. Covariates included demographics, Charlson Comorbidity Index, geocoded variables to assess neighborhood quality, and physical activity. The authors assessed the association between %TWL at 1 year and PSQI component scores with separate cumulative logit models.ResultsThere were 997 participants in the analytic cohort. Participants were 86.2% women, 37.0% Hispanic, and 13.7% Black adults. Mean one‐year %TWL was 26.3 (SD 8.7). Each 1% increase in %TWL was associated with a 3% better daytime dysfunction score (odds ratio = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02‐1.05) and a 2% better sleep quality score (odds ratio = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00‐1.03). No significant differences were found for the other PSQI components.ConclusionsWeight loss from bariatric surgery was associated with better self‐reported sleep at 1 year. For people undergoing bariatric surgery, there may be an added benefit of better sleep.
Multimodal phenotyping and correlates of pain following hematopoietic cell transplant in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Bakshi Nitya , Astles Rachel , Chou Eric , Hurreh Asha , Sil Soumitri , Sinha Cynthia B , Sanders Kolanda Ackey , Peddineni Manasa , Gillespie Scott E , Keesari Rohali , Krishnamurti Lakshmanan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntroductionThere is limited understanding of pain, patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), psychological factors, and experimental pain sensitivity before and following hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD).MethodsIndividuals aged 8 years and older, English speaking, and scheduled for a HCT were invited to participate in an observational study where they completed assessments of pain, PROs, psychological factors, and qualitative interviews before and around 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years post‐HCT. An optional substudy of experimental pain sensitivity before and around 6 month, 1 year, and 2 years post‐HCT was also offered.ResultsData from eight participants (median age 13.5 years, 25% female) with sickle cell anemia (SCA) or similarly severe genotype, and successful donor‐derived erythropoiesis post‐HCT are reported. We found that collection of pain, PROs, psychological factors, and qualitative data were feasible in the context of HCT. We found moderate to large differences in pain and some PROs between baseline to 1 year and baseline to 2 year post‐HCT based on effect sizes, but only some differences were statistically significant. We found moderate to large differences in pressure pain threshold and moderate differences in cold pain threshold between baseline to 1 year and baseline to 2 year post‐HCT based on effect sizes, but these differences were not statistically significant. Qualitative data indicated an improvement in pain and HRQoL post‐HCT.ConclusionThis study provides a framework for the conduct of multimodal pain assessments before and after HCT, which is feasible but faced with unique barriers.
Considerations for conducting legal and ethical ACEs screening in schools
Authors: Amirazizi Samira , Dowdy Erin , Sharkey Jill , Barnett Miya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractChildhood exposure to adversity and its consequences is a significant public health challenge. Schools are beginning to understand the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and some schools are considering screening for ACEs. However, dissemination of the ACEs screener and subsequent interventions may lead to challenges and iatrogenic outcomes for students if caution is not taken. This paper examines key considerations, including ethical and legal guidelines, surrounding screening for ACEs within the school system. Through conceptual analysis, the National Association of School Psychologists Principles for Professional Ethics are examined in conjunction with educational law regarding ACEs screening. Additionally, key considerations and limitations such as whether the screener captures trauma rather than adversity, the use of parents as informants, racial inequities, and potential stigma of conducting ACEs screening in schools are addressed through the integration of ACEs scholarship. Recommendations and alternative solutions for school districts seeking to address ACEs within their student population are provided in support of trauma‐sensitive schools.
Nichtlineare Optik mit einzelnen Photonen
Authors: Dürr Stephan 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungMittels Rydberg‐Blockade lässt sich eine Wechselwirkung zwischen einzelnen Photonen herstellen. Damit wird nichtlineare Optik auf dem Niveau einzelner Photonen möglich, was ganz neue Anwendungen in der Quantenoptik erlaubt. So lassen sich bereits gebundene Zustände von bis zu drei Photonen erzeugen und neuartige Quantenlogikgatter realisieren.
Im Maschinenraum des neuen IPCC‐Berichts
Authors: Marotzke Jochem 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDer jüngst veröffentlichte 6. Sachstandsbericht des Weltklimarates IPCC konnte einige zentrale Aussagen zum vergangenen und künftigen menschengemachten Klimawandel in bislang nie dagewesener Deutlichkeit tätigen. Es ist eindeutig, dass der Einfluss des Menschen die Atmosphäre, die Ozeane und die Landflächen erwärmt hat. Eine globale Erwärmung zwischen 1,5 °C und 2 °C wird im Laufe des 21. Jahrhunderts überschritten werden, außer es erfolgen in den kommenden Jahrzehnten drastische Verringerungen der Emission von CO2 und anderen Treibhausgasen. Diese Aussagen wurden durch die weltweite Zusammenarbeit in der Klimaforschung möglich, die zu einer wesentlich genaueren Abschätzung geführt haben, wie empfindlich die Temperatur auf erhöhte CO2‐Konzentrationen reagiert. Diese gesamte Forschung baut ganz wesentlich auf den Erkenntnissen auf, für die Klaus Hasselmann und Syukuro Manabe 2021 mit dem Physiknobelpreis geehrt wurden.
Clinical implications of m6A‐related regulators YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Qu Nanfang , Zhang Xuemei , Wu Xianbin , Zhou Xia , Deng Zhejun , Ma Lei , Liu Yanhua , Ge Wenhong , Jiang Huanghuang , Xu Longkuan , Jiang Haixing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt aims to examine the correlation between the expression of YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 and the clinical, pathological, and prognostic factors in HCC. The study was done using statistics from TCGA to establish the noted relationship. The degree of YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 protein expression in 88 HCC as well as the adjacent tissues was then determined through IHC examination, and we examined how that expression linked with other clinicopathological traits and clinical outcomes. Bioinformatics examination revealed that YTHDF1 and YTHDF2 expression was increased in HCC tissues, and poor pathology grade and prognosis were linked to high expression. YTHDF1 protein expression in IHC was notably higher in HCC tissue (p = .023). It was associated with age (p = .002) but not with other clinicopathological characteristics or prognoses. When compared to paraneoplastic tissues, the expression of the protein YTHDF2 was considerably higher in HCC tissues (p < .0001); and its high expression due to worse pathological grading (p = .035), higher alpha fetoprotein expression (p = .04), higher tumor recurrence (p = .023), lower overall survival rate (p = .011), and lower recurrence free survival rate (p = .005). A separate predictive factor for determining recurrence‐free survival in HCC was YTHDF2. A novel molecular marker called YTHDF2 may be used to assess HCC patients' prognoses.
On the use of extreme value tail modeling for generalized pairwise comparisons with censored outcomes
Authors: De Backer Mickaël , Legrand Catherine , Péron Julien , Lambert Alexandre , Buyse Marc 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn randomized clinical trials, methods of pairwise comparisons such as the ‘Net Benefit’ or the ‘win ratio’ have recently gained much attention when interests lies in assessing the effect of a treatment as compared to a standard of care. Among other advantages, these methods are usually praised for delivering a treatment measure that can easily handle multiple outcomes of different nature, while keeping a meaningful interpretation for patients and clinicians. For time‐to‐event outcomes, a recent suggestion emerged in the literature for estimating these treatment measures by providing a natural handling of censored outcomes. However, this estimation procedure may lead to biased estimates when tails of survival functions cannot be reliably estimated using Kaplan–Meier estimators. The problem then extrapolates to the other outcomes incorporated in the pairwise comparison construction. In this work, we suggest to extend the procedure by the consideration of a hybrid survival function estimator that relies on an extreme value tail model through the Generalized Pareto distribution. We provide an estimator of treatment effect measures that notably improves on bias and remains easily apprehended for practical implementation. This is illustrated in an extensive simulation study as well as in an actual trial of a new cancer immunotherapy.
System structure based decentralized sliding mode output tracking control for nonlinear interconnected systems
Authors: Ding Yueheng , Yan Xing‐Gang , Mao Zehui , Spurgeon Sarah K. , Jiang Bin 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this article, a decentralized tracking control scheme is proposed for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems with uncertainties using sliding mode technique. Both matched nonlinear uncertainty and mismatched known nonlinear interconnections are considered. Under the condition that the nominal isolated subsystems have relative degrees, a geometric transformation is applied to transfer the interconnected system into a new nonlinear interconnected system with a special structure to facilitate the system analysis and design. Then, a composite sliding surface is designed in terms of tracking errors, and decentralized controllers are proposed to drive the system states to the designed sliding surface in finite time and maintain a sliding motion on it thereafter. A set of conditions are developed to guarantee that the output tracking errors converge to zero asymptotically while all system state variables are bounded. The considered interconnected systems are nonlinear and it is not required that either the isolated subsystems or the isolated nominal subsystems are linearizable. The desired output signals are allowed to be time‐varying. Finally, the developed results are applied to an inverted coupled‐pendulum system. Simulation demonstrates that the proposed control scheme is effective.
Middle‐ and secondary‐school students' STEM career interest and its relationship to gender, grades, and family size in Kazakhstan
Authors: Balta Nuri , Japashov Nursultan , Mansurova Aizhan , Tzafilkou Katerina , Oliveira Alandeom W. , Lathrop Rob 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDespite pervasive educational efforts, student interest in STEM careers continues to decline in many countries. The present study seeks to better understand this phenomenon by examining how internal factors (gender) and external factors (school grades, grade level, family size) relate to Kazakh students' STEM career interests. To this end, a newly developed instrument (STEM Career Interest Survey) based on social cognitive career theory was used to assess interest in STEM careers among middle‐ and secondary students in Kazakhstan. The survey was completed by a sample of 396 Kazakh students in grades 7 to 12. Our statistical analyses revealed that (1) female students were generally less interested in STEM careers than male students; (2) students with higher grades in physics classes were significantly more interested in STEM careers than low‐performing students; (3) students at higher grade levels were generally more interested in STEM careers than those in lower grade levels; (4) the number of siblings was positively associated with student interest in mathematics careers; and, (5) family support and role models were significantly correlated with student STEM career interest. Our findings suggest that student development of interest in STEM careers constitutes an epigenetic phenomenon that involves complex interactions between internal factors (e.g., self‐efficacy) and external factors (e.g., gender stereotypes). Based on this, it is argued that the promotion of student interest in STEM careers is a multifaceted problem whose resolution requires, among other things, dispelling stereotypes in students' sociocultural context through systematic renegotiation of traditional gender‐technology relations characteristic of a country's culture.
The effect of climate disclosure on stock market performance: Evidence from Norway
Authors: Antoniuk Yevheniia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIncreased concerns about climate change and its economic impact emphasize the necessity of sustainable investment and have become a demanded research topic. Via voluntary carbon and climate‐related disclosure, companies indicate their exposure to climate change risks and how they counteract them. Investors seeking to reduce the climate risk of their portfolios can utilize this information. Using the 2010–2020 Carbon Disclosure Project scoring for companies in Norway, I formed portfolios of stocks with high, low, and no scores. These portfolios represent lower, higher, and unknown climate risks, respectively. The results suggest that a value‐weighted portfolio of firms with high scores generates an extra 1.3% annualized return over the market. This portfolio steadily outperformed the market in recent years based on the information and Sortino ratios. However, after controlling for recognized risk factors, the high‐score portfolio has no abnormal return unless energy stocks are excluded. In contrast, low‐ and no‐score portfolios were penalized for bearing higher climate risk so that there is a significant climate alpha after 2016. This research highlights that a climate‐aligned investment strategy is profitable while offering lower climate change risk exposure.
Synergies and trade‐offs across sustainable development goals: A novel method incorporating indirect interactions analysis
Authors: Xiao Huijuan , Liu Yue , Ren Jingzheng 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe sustainable development goals (SDGs) are presented as significantly interacted. Yet most studies only investigated the direct interactions of SDG targets, and indirect interactions, that is, the interlinkages transmitted through one or more mediums, should also be considered to obtain more accurate interaction estimation and more scientific policy decisions. We first made a methodological contribution by proposing a plus‐minus decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory model, which can consider not only the direct synergies and trade‐offs but the indirect ones. Then, based on this proposed method, we navigated the complicated network across the SDGs considering both direct and indirect interactions, find out the key interactive ones with a visually directed graph, obtain the weights of each SDG, and define the best governance structures to capitalize on synergies and minimize trade‐offs. Results show that, when incorporating indirect interactions, the share of synergy effect of SDGs dominates the total influence, taking up to 98.33%, suggesting that the achievement of the 2030 Agenda can be facilitated through interactions. Although all SDGs should be equally addressed by 2030 suggested by the United Nations, equal importance across 17 SDGs does not mean we have to make the same efforts in achieving each SDG, and SDG 4 and SDG 13 are the top priority to tap into these interaction potentials. Our interdisciplinary analysis across economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection provides a science‐driven reference for all UN member states to facilitate achieving the SDGs by maximizing the synergies and minimizing the trade‐offs.
Isolation, Anticancer Evaluation, Molecular Docking, Drug likeness and ADMET Studies of Secondary Metabolites from Psoralea corylifolia seeds
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Qayum Arem , Singh Shashank , Mujwar Somdutt , Sangwan Payare L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of Psoralea corylifolia seeds as a potential source of anticancer lead molecules led to the isolation of total fourteen secondary metabolites (1–14) bakuchiol (1), isopsoralen (2), psoralen (3), bavachinin (4), 4‐O‐methylbavachalcone (5), bavachalcone (6), 12, 13‐Dihydro‐12, 13‐epoxybakuchiol (7), corylin (8), psoralidin (9) neocorylin (10), corylifol A (11), neobavaisoflavone (12), bavachin (13) and 12‐hydroxyisobakuchiol (14). Their structures were confirmed by 1DNMR, MASS spectra and comparison with the literature. Compounds 10, 11, 13 and 14 exhibited promising in vitro anticancer activity further supported by in‐silico docking results against BRCA‐1 (PDB ID: 4OFB). Bavachin 13 was found as the most promising cytotoxic metabolite with IC50 value 2.22 μM against MCF‐7 cells. In‐vitro mechanism of action studies of 13 against MCF‐7 cell line showed apoptotic cleavage. In addition, most of the compounds showed good ADMET and drug likeness profile. Cumulative in‐vitro and in‐silico results provided compound 13 as a potential anticancer agent against breast cancer cells.
Bifunctional Receptor Based on Calix[4]arene with Chromone Groups as An Efficient Colorimetric Sensor for Co2+, Cu2+, CN− and F−
Authors: Gómez‐Machuca Horacio , Quiroga‐Campano Cinthia , Jullian Carolina , Saitz Claudio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractNew calix[4]arene derivatives based on chromone linked through a thiosemicarbazone bridge have been designed and synthesized. It has been determined by UV‐visible absorption and IR‐spectroscopic study that molecular receptors are efficient for recognition of cations (Co2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+) and anions (F− and CN−), because calixarene plays a role as a molecular platform and the interaction is explained by the presence of the thiosemicarbazone bridge bound to chromone. The sensors showed selective colorimetric changes with cobalt (II), copper (II), cyanide and fluoride ions. The detection limits of 0.19 to 0.70 mg L−1 and the association constants ranging between 1.28×104 and 9.87×104 mol−1L can be estimated for these three sensors.