bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of external auditory canal exostosis in the Colorado whitewater community
Authors: Wille Annalise E. , Pazdernik Vanessa K. , Sassounian Nicole , Glaser Kelli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Context
External auditory canal exostoses (EACE) are bony formations that develop insidiously in the auditory meatus from chronic exposure to cold water and, in severe cases, require surgery. This condition has been understudied in the whitewater kayakers and not yet studied in the riverboarding population. Precautions such as earplugs are thought to prevent the formation of EACE because they mechanically block cold water from contacting the sensitive skin in the external auditory canal; however, earplugs are not commonly utilized by athletes. Inquiring about hobbies and the use of protective equipment can be done during osteopathic physicians’ preventive care visits.

Objectives
This article aims to determine the prevalence of EACE in Colorado whitewater athletes and their attitudes about wearing ear protection before and after an educational intervention directed at increasing awareness and prevention of EACE.

Methods
In July 2020, participants of this cross-sectional study completed a 10-min survey that collected demographics, whitewater experience, and perceptions of EACE, followed by an educational intervention. Participant ears were photographed utilizing a digital otoscope to assess EACE, and severity ratings were categorized into one of four occlusion levels: none (0%), mild (<25%), moderate (25–75%), or severe (>75%). Spearman correlation coefficients and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were utilized to assess changes in attitudes before and after the educational intervention.

Results
Eighty-one participants (mean [SD] age = 36.3 [12.6] years, 25.9% female) completed the study: 74 kayakers and seven riverboarders. After the intervention, 60.5% (49/81) (p<0.001) reported greater understanding of EACE and 75.0% (60/80) were more likely to wear ear protection (p<0.001). Most (58.0%, 47/81) never wore ear protection. Of the 61 (75.0%) participants with at least one ear severity rating, most (55.7%, 34/61) had moderate EACE, 29.5% (18/61) had no to mild EACE, and 14.8% (9/61) had severe EACE (p<0.001). Impaired hearing was the biggest barrier to utilizing ear protection (51.6%, 33/64).

Conclusions
Our results suggested that the educational intervention improved understanding of EACE and may increase utilization of ear protection in this population. Such prevention efforts may lead to better health of whitewater paddlers by reducing the incidence of EACE. Encouraging osteopathic physicians to inquire about hobbies and protective equipment during primary care preventive visits is essential to help keep athletes in the river doing what they love for longer, contributing to a healthier and happier whole person.
Pediatric adrenal insufficiency: thirty years experience at a Portuguese hospital
Authors: Mosca Sara M. F. S. , Santos Tiago S. , Mendes Ana C. B. , Ribeiro Luís F. M. , Freitas Joana M. C. , Oliveira Maria J. R. , Rocha Carla A. , Borges Teresa M. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a life-threatening condition caused by an impaired secretion of the adrenal glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones. It comprises a heterogeneous group of primary, secondary and acquired disorders. Presentation differs according to the child’s age, but it usually presents with nonspecific and insidious symptoms and signs. The main purpose of this study was to describe and compare patients with primary or secondary AI.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of all patients with adrenal insufficiency followed at the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit in a tertiary care Portuguese hospital over the last 30 years. Data on family history, age at the first manifestation and at etiological diagnosis, and clinical presentation (symptoms, signs and laboratory evaluation) was gathered for all patients.

Results
Twenty-eight patients with AI were included; 67.9% were male, with a median (25th–75th percentile, P25–P75) age of 1 (0.5–36) month at the first presentation. The principal diagnostic categories were panhypopituitarism (42.9%) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (25%). The most frequent manifestations (75%) were vomiting and weight loss. They were followed for a median (P25–P75) period of 3.5 (0.6–15.5) years. In respect to neurodevelopmental delay and learning difficulties, they were more common in the secondary AI group.

Conclusions
Despite medical advances, the diagnosis and management of AI remains a challenge, particularly in the pediatric population, and clinicians must have a high index of suspicion. An early identification of AI can prevent a potential lethal outcome, which may result from severe cardiovascular and hemodynamic instability.
Spectrum of PAH gene mutations and genotype–phenotype correlation in patients with phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency from Turkey
Authors: Çınar Müge , Kılıç Yıldırım Gonca , Kocagil Sinem , Çilingir Oğuz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of our study was to define the genotype–phenotype correlations of mutations in the PAH gene among the Turkey’s Central Anatolian region.

Methods
Demographic characteristics of 108 patients with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and 94 patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by PAH gene analysis (Sanger DNA Sequence Analysis and Next-Generation Sequencing) were determined retrospectively. Blood phenylalanine levels were analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatography method.

Results
Mild HPA-not-requiring-treatment (NT) was found in 50.9% of the patients, and a classical phenylketonuria (PKU) phenotype was found in 25.9%. Forty-seven types of variants were identified. The predominant variants were p.Ala403Val (9.9%), p.Ala300Ser (9.4%), and c.1066-11G>A (splicing) (9.4%). Missense mutations accounted for 68% of mutations and attenuated the clinical impact; splice variations were found in 14.8% of cases with severe features. The p.Thr380Met allele was specific to the mild HPA-NT group. The c.1066-11G>A (splicing) allele was associated with classical PKU, whereas the p.Arg408Trp allele was linked to severe symptoms. Three variations of unknown clinical significance were discovered: c.706+4A>T (splicing), c.843-5T>C (splicing), and p.Thr323=. Of these variants, the patient who was homozygous for the c.843-5T>C (splicing) allele related to the classical PKU phenotype. 70% of the patients who underwent tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) test were responsive. Phenotypes that responded to BH4 treatment were mostly mild phenotypes.

Conclusions
The PAH genotype is the main factor that determines the phenotype of PKU. Establishing the relationship between the identified genetic mutations and phenotypic characteristics will provide very important data for each patient in terms of the specific management style.
The Dead Past Dilemma
Authors: Pezet Robert E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA temporal levels structure for temporal metaphysics is outlined and employed to convey a dilemma threatening the temporal collapse ofGrowing-Block Theoriesto their meta-temporal level. The outline further explains howPresentismoccupies a privileged (default) position in that temporal levels structure. Moreover, that dilemma relies crucially on the acceptance of productive causation as explaining additions to the growing block, for which it is argued any reasonable growing-block theory should incorporate. The dilemma’s first horn considers growing-block theories where productive causes are only so when present; the second, growing-block theories where productive causes continue being so when past. Either way, growing-block theory collapses intoAccruing-Present Theory: whereby all entities survive into succeedingpresent“blocks” of existents. It is argued, thepresentnessof surviving entities undermines their intended theoretical role, undercutting motivations for believing accruing-present theses. Ultimately, I recommend rejection of both growing-block and accruing-present theses based on these explanatory inadequacies.
Localization ofk×j-rough Heyting algebras
Authors: Almiñana Federico , Pelaitay Gustavo 
Published: March 2022

Abstractk-rough Heyting algebras were introduced by Eric San Juan in 2008 as an algebraic formalism for reasoning on finite increasing sequences over Boolean algebras in general and on generalizations of rough set concepts in particular. In 2020, we defined and studied the variety ofk×j-rough Heyting algebras. These algebras constitute an extension of Heyting algebras and in the casej= 2 they coincide withk-rough Heyting algebras. In this note, we introduce the notion ofk×j-ideal onk×j-rough Heyting algebras which allows us to consider a topology of them. Besides, we define the concept of 𝓕-multiplier, where 𝓕 is a topology on ak×j-rough Heyting algebraA, which is used to construct the localizationk×j-rough Heyting algebrasA𝓕. Furthermore, we prove that thek×j-rough Heyting algebras of fractionsASassociated with a ∧ -closed subsetSofAis ak×j-rough Heyting algebra of localization. Finally, in the finite case we prove thatASis isomorphic to a special subalgebra ofA. Since 3-valued Łukasiewicz –Moisil algebras are a particular case ofk×j-rough Heyting algebras, all these results generalize those obtained in 2005 by Chirtes and Busneag.
Meet infinite distributivity for congruence lattices of direct sums of algebras
Authors: Ghumashyan Heghine , Guričan Jaroslav 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We study meet infinite distributivity (MID) in congruence lattices of direct sums of algebras. The main result of this note is that in a congruence distributive variety the MID of congruence lattices is preserved by direct sums of algebras, it means that the congruence lattice of a direct sum of algebras is MID if and only if a congruence lattice of every constituent algebra is MID.
Gate-tuned graphene meta-devices for dynamically controlling terahertz wavefronts
Authors: Li Qiushi , Cai Xiaodong , Liu Tong , Jia Min , Wu Qiong , Zhou Haoyang , Liu Huanhuan , Wang Qianqian , Ling Xiaohui , Chen Cong , Ding Fan , He Qiong , Zhang Yuanbo , Xiao Shiyi , Zhou Lei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dynamical controls on terahertz (THz) wavefronts are crucial for many applications, but available mechanism requests tunable elements with sub-micrometer sizes that are difficult to find in the THz regime. Here, different from the local-tuning mechanism, we propose an alternative approach to construct wavefront-control meta-devices combining specifically designed metasurfaces and globally tuned graphene layers. Coupled-mode-theory (CMT) analyses reveal that graphene serves as a tunable loss to drive the whole meta-device to transit from one functional phase to another passing through an intermediate regime, exhibiting distinct far-field (FF) reflection wavefronts. As a proof of concept, we design/fabricate a graphene meta-device and experimentally demonstrate that it can reflect normally incident THz wave to pre-designed directions with different polarizations under appropriate gating voltages. We finally design a graphene meta-device and numerically demonstrate that it can generate vectorial THz beams with continuously varying polarization distributions upon gating. These findings pave the road to realizing a wide range of THz applications, such as sensing, imaging, and wireless communications.
The Nietzsche Pilgrimage of Nikos Kazantzakis and Elli Lambridi
Authors: Murray Peter Durno 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAfter meeting in Zurich, Nikos Kazantzakis and Elli Lambridi undertook a number of Nietzsche pilgrimages in Switzerland together in 1918, beginning with a trip to Silvaplana. At the time, Kazantzakis had written a thesis on Nietzsche and had translatedThe Birth of Tragedy(1872) andThus Spoke Zarathustra(1883–85) into Greek, while Elli Lambridi was enrolled in a PhD in philosophy at the University of Zurich writing on Aristotle. They continually debated the nature of the philosopher-type in relation to Nietzsche and Dionysianism, and this philosophical engagement is the central topic of this paper. Lambridi envisaged a Dionysian philosopher fully engaged in an ethical and natural life within a community of others and also envisaged a derived politics of affirmative communal responsibility. Kazantzakis considered that the philosopher should take a much more Apolline, spiritually focused and solitary path, continually ascending toward heroic self-redemption. As well as examining their recorded exchanges, this paper also addresses the fictional resumption of their relationship inThe New People, a novel which Lambridi wrote some time after Kazantzakis’ death. In the novel, they resume their discussion of the philosopher-type in 2118, in an eternal recurrence event. In the end, the male character, Petros, learns that the grounding event of a Dionysian Nietzscheanism is an instinctive promise of responsibility for the future of others.
In silico design of ACE2 mutants for competitive binding of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain with hACE2
Authors: Lim Theam Soon , Choong Yee Siew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The receptor binding motif (RBM) within the S-protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been touted as one of the main targets for vaccine/therapeutic development due to its interaction with the human angiotensin II converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) to facilitate virus entry into the host cell. The mechanism of action is based on the disruption of binding between the RBM and the hACE2 to prevent virus uptake for replication. In this work, we applied in silico approaches to design specific competitive binders for SARS-CoV-2 S-protein receptor binding motif (RBM) by using hACE2 peptidase domain (PD) mutants. Online single point mutation servers were utilised to estimate the effect of PD mutation on the binding affinity with RBM. The PD mutants were then modelled and the binding free energy was calculated. Three PD variants were designed with an increased affinity and interaction with SARS-CoV-2-RBM. It is hope that these designs could serve as the initial work for vaccine/drug development and could eventually interfere the preliminary recognition between SARS-CoV-2 and the host cell.
Covid-19 und Public-Health-Ethik. Gerechtigkeit ernst nehmen
Authors: Wild Verina , Heilinger Jan-Christoph , Thompson Alison 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungZentraler Ausgangspunkt für die ethische Diskussion public-health-bezogener Fragen, wie dem Pandemiemanagement, ist die bestehende soziale Ungleichheit in der Gesundheit und die damit zusammenhängende soziale Gerechtigkeit. Hieraus entsteht kein Widerspruch zwischen Freiheit und Gerechtigkeit. Freiheitliche Grundrechte können nur ausgehend von einem gerechtigkeitsbezogenen Ansatz gesichert werden. Auf dieser Basis müssen Vulnerabilitäten identifiziert und Maßnahmen entwickelt werden.
Die Macht des Wettbewerbs
Authors: Leendertz Ariane 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ab Mitte der 1990er Jahre verschrieb sich die Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG) ähnlich wie ein global agierendes Unternehmen der ständigen Optimierung ihrer internationalen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit. Ebenso wie die Wirtschaft mussten sich auch die Wissenschaftsorganisationen laufend optimieren und strategisch positionieren, um im nunmehr globalen Wettbewerb nicht zurückzufallen. Andernfalls, so argumentierten die Präsidenten der MPG, war der gesellschaftliche Wohlstand in Deutschland in Gefahr. Ariane Leendertz zeigt, wie sich um die Jahrtausendwende eine Ökonomisierung der politischen Sprache der MPG und der gesellschaftlichen Legitimation der Forschungsförderung vollzog. Sie diskutiert auch, welche institutionellen und inhaltlichen Konsequenzen sich mit dieser Ökonomisierung verbinden lassen.
Pius XI. in der spanischen Arena
Authors: Sáenz Rotko José Manuel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Der Autor beleuchtet die Haltung des Heiligen Stuhls im Spanischen Bürgerkrieg. Er analysiert, warum Papst Pius XI. Partei zugunsten der Aufständischen unter General Franco ergriff, lange bevor der Ausgang des Konflikts absehbar war. Quellen aus den Archiven des Vatikan eröffnen neue Perspektiven auf Entscheidungen und Strategien des Heiligen Stuhls. Sie lassen darauf schließen, dass der Papst vor allem aus einem Grund auf Franco zuging: Er wollte der Gefahr einer nationalsozialistischen Infiltration des Franco-Staats in statu nascendi begegnen. Nachdem im Deutschen Reich 1937 der „Kirchenkampf“ eskaliert war, vollzog der Heilige Stuhl einen radikalen Strategiewechsel in seiner Spanienpolitik. Der völkerrechtlichen Anerkennung Francos folgte ein intensives diplomatisches Engagement mit dem Ziel, den deutschen Einfluss wenn nicht zu brechen, so doch zu marginalisieren. Der Vatikan gewann das ideologische Ringen gegen Hitler: Franco gründete sein Regime auf das Fundament einer traditionalistisch-reaktionären Weltanschauung; die katholische Kirche wurde zu einem seiner Eckpfeiler.
Die erfundene „Trümmerfrau“
Authors: Tschiggerl Martin , Walach Thomas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
2018 eröffnete der damalige österreichische Vizekanzler Heinz-Christian Strache von der Freiheitlichen Partei Österreichs in Wien feierlich ein Denkmal für die österreichischen „Trümmerfrauen“, was eine breit geführte öffentliche Debatte über deren Stellenwert und Bedeutung auslöste. Der vorliegende Beitrag wirft auf der Basis bisher kaum bearbeiteter Quellenbestände ein Schlaglicht auf die Tatsachen hinter dieser stark emotionalisierten Diskussion. Zwei Feststellungen liefern dazu die Grundlage: Laut den vorliegenden Quellen waren Männer in der Trümmerbeseitigung überrepräsentiert. Bei ebendiesen Trümmerarbeiterinnen und -arbeitern handelte es sich zum Großteil um ehemalige Angehörige der NS-Bewegung, die per Verfassungsgesetz zur Arbeit verpflichtet waren. Im Zentrum des Beitrags steht daher auch die Frage, wie aus dieser gesetzlich verordneten „Notstandsarbeit“ eine spezifisch österreichische Vorstellung von den „Trümmerfrauen“ entstehen konnte.
Explaining Ethnic Differences in Access to VET in German-Speaking Switzerland: the Effects of Application Behavior and Resources
Authors: Nennstiel Richard 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to explain ethnic differences in the transition from school to vocational education and training (VET) in German-speaking Switzerland. I examine the impact of application behavior and resource endowment on access to VET and the number of applications submitted. Even after controlling for differences in resource endowment, I find clear ethnic penalties in success rates and the number of applications submitted between natives and minority students. Once I introduce different application behavior in my models, ethnic differences in success rates either diminish sharply or even vanish. However, substantial ethnic penalties remain in the number of applications submitted. There are therefore indications of discrimination in the application process on the Swiss–German VET market.
Thesen zum Selbstverständnis der Technikwissenschaft*
Authors: Spur Günter 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDie Notwendigkeit zur Erneuerung eines ganzheitlichen, marktorientierten Technologiemanagements kann nicht stark genug betont werden. Es gilt, mit einer breiten Offensive in Forschung, Lehre und industrieller Praxis die Voraussetzungen für die Umsetzung innovativer Ideen in erfolgreiche Produkte zu schaffen.
Einführung einer neuen Produktionstechnologie
Authors: Westkämper Engelbert , Bauer Andreas , Zahn Alexander 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bei der Einführung neuer Produktionstechnologien in die Serienfertigung sind die betroffenen Prozesse und Baugruppen oftmals nicht für eine sofortige Umstellung geeignet. Dies erfordert eine besondere Strategie, die möglichst alle Potentiale sowie die Anforderungen integriert. Der folgende Beitrag stellt verschiedene Einführungsstrategien dar und beschreibt einen möglichen Weg zur Umstellung.
Vernetzte Entwicklung komplexer mechatronischer Produkte
Authors: Reinhart Gunther , Bauer Lothar , Meier Hans , Wagner Peter , Weißenberger Martin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Durch die Zusammenführung mechanischer, elektronischer und informationstechnischer Funktionen zu mechatronischen Systemen eröffnen sich neue Marktpotentiale. Jedoch ermöglicht die Integration der genannten Funktionsbereiche nicht nur vorteilhafte Produkteigenschaften, sondern führt auch zu einer Erhöhung der Produktkomplexität. Um dennoch schnell und flexibel hochwertige Produkte entwickeln zu können, ist die Produktentwicklung an die Anforderungen der Mechatronik anzupassen.
Grenzen und Probleme der Gruppenarbeit
Authors: Stawowy Georg , Wimmer Ralf , Kabel Dirk 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In diesem Beitrag werden an fünf betrieblichen Beispielen aus deutschen Industrieunternehmen Faktoren und Bedingungen herausgearbeitet und vorgestellt, die die Einführung und Weiterentwicklung von Gruppenarbeit fördern oder auch be- oder gar verhindern können. Es sollen damit auch Lösungshilfen angeboten werden, wie Gruppenarbeit in Unternehmen „reifer“ werden kann.
Was kommt nach der Reorganisation?
Authors: Boekhoff Hanno , Gronau Norbert 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Unternehmerisches Handeln wird wesentlich durch die Frage geprägt, wie die Effizienz der Organisation und damit die Position des Unternehmens am Markt gesteigert werden kann. Häufig werden zur Leistungssteigerung der Organisation EDV-Lösungen eingeführt. Nicht auszuschließen ist jedoch, daß diese die in sie gesetzten Erwartungen nicht immer erfüllen. Unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen sind über traditionelle Hierarchien hinausgehende organisatorische Maßnahmen wesentlich wirkungsvoller. Auf Dauer haben solche Maßnahmen nur dann Erfolg, wenn neben der Veränderung der Organisationsstruktur auch eine Veränderung der Organisationskultur und hier insbesondere der Führungskultur stattfindet.
Die Anfänge der Psychotechnik an der TH Berlin-Charlottenburg 1918 bis 1924
Authors: Spur Günter , Klooster Thorsten 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Die Psychotechnik wurde im Jahre 1918 als Institution durch die Etablierung einer Arbeitsgruppe für industrielle Psychotechnik am Lehrstuhl für Werkzeugmaschinen, Fabrikanlagen und Fabrikbetriebe der TH Berlin-Charlottenburg gegründet. Einer der Wegbereiter war Georg Schlesinger, der eine Schlüsselrolle in der Institutionalisierung der Psychotechnik als eigenständiger Disziplin einnahm.