bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and magnetic properties of Ni–Mn–Ga shape memory alloys
Authors: Nguyen Hai Yen , Kieu Xuan Hau , Nguyen Huy Ngoc , Pham Thi Thanh , Thanh Tran Dang , Le Quang Nhat , Nguyen Huy Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we present structure, structural phase transformation, magnetic phase transition, and magnetocaloric effect of Ni50Mn50-x
Ga
x
(x = 17, 18, 19, 20, and 21) shape memory alloys. X-ray diffraction patterns display nano-crystalline phases in the alloys. The samples are soft magnetic material with very narrow magnetic hysteresis. The martensitic-austenite transformation temperature increases from 219 K (for x = 17) to 322 K (for x = 21) with increasing Ga-concentration. Ga also increases the Curie phase transition temperature and the saturation magnetisation of the alloy. The external magnetic field also clearly affects the structural phase transition of the alloy. The magnitude of the martensitic-austenitic phase transition decreases with the increase of the applied magnetic field. Both the normal and invert magnetocaloric effects coexist in the alloy. Under the magnetic field change of 10 kOe, the maximum magnetic entropy change, ∣ΔS

m
∣max, for the Ni50Mn30Ga20 ribbon is 0.95 J.kg−1.K−1 for the normal magnetocaloric effect.
Experimental investigation on multi-layered filament wound basalt/E-glass hybrid fiber composite tubes
Authors: Thirumavalavan K , Sarukasan D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, the mechanical damage of Basalt/E-glass hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer composite tubes was evaluated experimentally using Micro hardness on transverse direction, uni-directional static tensile loading, and Quasi-static compressive loading. The Burn-off test method has been studied for the volumetric fraction of hybrid composite tubes. The multi-layer hybrid composite tubes composed of eight layers of plies at constant fiber tension of 20N, a constant mandrel rotation speed of 45 RPM and constant winding angle of ±55° for basalt fiber and ±90° for E-glass fiber were fabricated through a 3-axis filament winding machine with a seamless amalgamation of the stage by stage curing in the furnace. Eleven tube arrangements with fiber content proportion of {100%, 25:75%, 50:50% and 75:25%} with various stacking sequence were studied. The test results provide that these mechanical property’s behavior was moderately affected by the proportion of fiber content and most of the time affected by the variation of layer stacking sequence. Adding 50% of basalt and 50% E-glass fiber sharing of BGH7 hybrid combination of basalt laminate placed in the outer side increases the mechanical characterization compared to the 25% and 75% sharing of basalt and E-glass fiber. The fractured fibrous matrix of the tensile specimens and compressive specimens was assessed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Arc erosion behaviour of in-situ TiB2/Cu composites with a three-dimensional network structure
Authors: Jiang Yihui , Han Le , Xu Yingqin , Cao Fei , Du Xiang , Han Fei , Cai Lei , Zhu Jialin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Copper matrix composites (CMCs) with tailored heterogeneous structures at the mesoscopic scale are promising candidates for electrical contact materials. In this work, CMCs reinforced by an in situ formed three-dimensional network of TiB2 particles were synthesized from Cu, Ti and B powder mixtures by reactive hot-pressing. The arc erosion behaviour of the fabricated CMCs was investigated by an electrical contact test. The distribution state of in situ TiB2 depends on the particle size of the Cu powder. The critical size for forming a continuous network in 3 wt%TiB2/Cu composites is estimated to be 24 μm. Once the continuous network is formed in CMCs, the arc energy and duration suddenly change to ultrasmall and stable values, and the erosion area and total mass loss after 5000 cycles of the contact test remarkably decrease. The results indicate that the CMCs reinforced by in situ networks of TiB2 particles exhibit excellent arc erosion resistance.
Investigating the number of radiation fields in intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans of optic nerve sheath meningioma patients using dose gradient index
Authors: Mazloomi Fahimeh , Abedi Iraj , Shanei Ahmad , Dalvand Fatemeh , Amouheidari Alireza 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Purpose: In optic nerve radiotherapy, vital organs are very close to the target volume, they are highly sensitive to radiation and have low dose tolerance. In this regard, evaluating dose fall-off steepness around the target volume is required to assess various intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans in the treatment of the optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM) patients. Materials and Methods: Thirteen ONSM patients were analyzed with three IMRT techniques, including three (IMRT-3F), five (IMRT-5F), and seven fields (IMRT-7F). These plans were studied using Dmean, Dmax, D2%, D98%, V100%, uniformity index (UI), homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), and specifically the dose gradient indices (DGIs). Results: The values of Dmax and Dmean for IMRT-3F, IMRT-5F and IMRT-7F were (5637.42 ± 57.08, 5322.84 ± 83.86), (5670.51 ± 67.87, 5383.00 ± 58.45), and (5692.99 ± 31.65, 5405.72 ± 51.73), respectively, which were increased with increment in the number of IMRT fields from 3 to 7. The UI and HI indices were significantly different between IMRT-3F and IMRT-7F (p = 0.010 and p = 0.005, respectively), and CI was close to the ideal value (0.99 ± 0.01) in IMRT-7F. The significant findings of the dose gradient indices represented smaller values in IMRT-7F, which led to a faster dose fall-off, particularly at the 70%-85% isodose levels around the target. Conclusion: Increasing the number of radiation fields in IMRT treatment plans of ONSM patients had a considerable difference in both the dosimetric parameters of the target volume and at-risk organs, as well as the dose gradient indices. Overall, IMRT-7F could be considered as a preferred technique in the treatment of this meningioma.
Hubbard-corrected oxide formation enthalpies without adjustable parameters
Authors: Voss J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A density functional theory (DFT) approach to computing transition metal oxide heat of formation without adjustable parameters is presented. Different degrees of d-electron localization in oxides are treated within the DFT+U approach with site-dependent, first-principles Hubbard U-parameters obtained from linear response theory, and delocalized states in the metallic phases are treated without Hubbard corrections. Comparison of relative stabilities of these differently treated phases is enabled by a local d-electron density matrix-dependent model, which was found by genetic programming against experimental reference formation enthalpies. This mathematically simple model does not explicitly depend on the Hubbard-corrected ionic species and is shown to reproduce the heats of formation of the Mott insulators Ca2RuO4 and Y2Ru2O7 within ∼3% of experimental results, where the experimental training data did not contain Ru oxides. This newly developed method thus absolves from the need for element-specific corrections fitted to experiments in existing Hubbard-corrected approaches to the prediction of reaction energies of transition metal oxides and metals. The absence of fitting parameters opens up here the possibility to predict relative thermodynamic stabilities and reaction energies involving d-states of varying degree of localization at transition metal oxide interfaces and defects, where site-dependent U-parameters will be particularly important and devising a fitting scheme against experimental data with predictive power would be exceedingly difficult.
Maize response to temporary floods under ambient on-farm conditions of the West African Sahel
Authors: Daku Elidaa Kossi , Salack Seyni , Worou Omonlola Nadine , Ogunjobi Kehinde 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
With the ongoing global warming, the occurrence and amplitude of extreme weather events have increased over the West African Sahel. The increasing frequency of heavy rain events, can negatively affect the lowland crops’ growth and production. Two-season field experiments were conducted near Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) to test the effects of temporary flooding and surface water stagnation on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and productivity. The treatments were organized into a split-split plot design. Three factors were monitored, including aboveground flooding levels (i.e., 0 cm, 2–3 cm, and 7–8 cm), flooding duration (i.e., three days and six days), and growth stages (i.e., six-leaf stage (V6), tasseling stage (VT) and milky stage (R3)). Optimal crop management was practiced to Obatanpa cultivar planted during the rainy season and flooding was induced by over-irrigation. The results show that three days and six days of flooding, reduced grain yield by at least 35% when they occurred at the tasseling stage. Only 4–6 days of flooding reduced grain yield by 21% at the six-leaf stage. Further scrutiny, using the stress day index (SDI), revealed that the penalty on yield increases exponentially under flooding conditions as the value of the stress day index increases. Considering the new characteristics of the rainfall regime in the West African Sahel, dominated by a high frequency of heavy rain events and wet spells, temporary floods, and water stagnation are tremendously contributing to yield loss of on-farm maize. As the region’s climate changes, we hypothesize that excess water stress will become the next cause of food insecurity in the area.
Eliashberg theory with ab-initio Coulomb interactions: a minimal numerical scheme applied to layered superconductors
Authors: Pellegrini Camilla , Heid Rolf , Sanna Antonio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present a minimal approach to include static Coulomb interactions in Eliashberg theory of superconductivity from first principles. The method can be easily implemented in any existing Eliashberg code (isotropic or anisotropic) to avoid the standard use of the semiempirical parameterμ∗, which adds unnecessary uncertainty toTcpredictions. We evaluate the prediction accuracy of the method by simulating the superconducting properties of a set of layered superconductors, which feature unconventional Coulomb effects: CaC6, MgB2, Li-dopedβ-ZrNCl and YNi2B2C. We find that the estimated critical temperatures are consistent with those fromab-initiodensity functional theory for superconductors, and in close agreement with the experimental values.
Nondegeneracy of the positive solutions for critical nonlinear Hartree equation in ℝ⁶
Authors: Li Xuemei , Tang Xingdong , Xu Guixiang 
Published: March 2022

We prove that any positive solution for the critical nonlinear Hartree equation

−

△

⁡

u

(
x
)

−

∫

R

6

|

u

(
y
)

|

2

|
x
−
y
|

4

d

y

u

(
x
)

=
0
,

x
∈

R

6

,

\begin{equation*} -\operatorname {\bigtriangleup }{u}\left (x\right ) -\int _{\mathbb {R}^6} \frac {\left |{u}\left (y\right )\right |^2 }{ \left |x-y\right |^4 }\mathrm {d}y \,{u}\left (x\right )=0,\quad \quad x\in \mathbb {R}^6, \end{equation*}

is nondegenerate. Firstly, in terms of spherical harmonics, we show that the corresponding linear operator can be decomposed into a series of one dimensional linear operators. Secondly, by making use of the Perron-Frobenius property, we show that the kernel of each one dimensional linear operator is finite. Finally, we show that the kernel of the corresponding linear operator is the direct sum of the kernel of all one dimensional linear operators.
Having a say at work
Authors: Wilkinson Adrian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Having a say at work’ assesses employee voice, which concerns the ways and means through which employees attempt to have a say and potentially influence organizational affairs about issues that affect their work and the interests of the organization. It is also a means of correcting unfairness or mistreatment, challenging management, or indeed as a vehicle for employee self-determination. Thus, it is not surprising that there are voice gaps in the workplace. A central issue in relation to employee voice is management prerogative. While there is often a focus by managers on establishing voice systems, there also needs to be active listening and response to what these voice systems feed back to them.
Conclusion
Authors: Wilkinson Adrian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Conclusion’ describes how the Covid-19 pandemic raised a host of questions on certain issues of Human Resource Management (HRM). What is the workplace? How can employee well-being be managed? How is the workplace culture to be maintained? Covid-19 may accelerate the restructuring of the way work is performed, especially with the use of technologies. And while new technologies can be a beneficial part of re-humanizing work by allowing for the flexibility of home working, it can also be invasive and used for surveillance and control. HR can make work less dehumanizing (or more humanizing)—at least if done so more ethically or equitably by being pluralistic and inclusive.
Characterising older adults’ risk of harm from blood-pressure lowering medications: a sub-analysis from the PRIME study
Authors: Hussain Ahmed , Ali Khalid , Parekh Nikesh , Stevenson Jennifer M , Davies J Graham , Bremner Stephen , Rajkumar Chakravarthi ,   PRIME study group, Ali K , Rajkumar C , Davies J G , Harchowal J , Timeyin J , Schiff R , Stevenson J M , Cammen van der T , Timeyin J , Klus L , Fatz D , Chauhan A , Hunt D , Bosquet K Le , Allen J , Henderson N , Gonzalaz-Cuevas C , Burke-Adams S , Khan N , Yip K , Breeds J , Gaylard J , Newman J , Pettifer T , Fox H , Metiu M G , Foord D , Valentine S , Dobson T , Bremner S , Nyangoma S , Banya W , Raftery J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aim
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is common amongst frail older people. The evidence base for CVD commonly excludes older adults with multimorbidity or chronic conditions. Most cardiovascular drugs have the potential to lower blood pressure (BP) and therefore cause medication-related harm (MRH). We aimed to identify key clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with MRH in older people taking BP-lowering drugs for whatever indication they were prescribed.

Methods
The PRIME (prospective study to develop a model to stratify the risk of MRH in hospitalised elderly patients in the UK) study investigating the incidence and cost of MRH in older people across Southern England. Adults ≥65 years were recruited from five teaching hospitals at hospital discharge and followed up for 8 weeks. Telephone interviews with study participants, review of primary care records and hospital readmissions were undertaken to identify MRH. PRIME study participants taking BP-lowering drugs (as defined by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence hypertension guidelines) were included in this analysis.

Results
One hundred and four (12%) study patients experienced a total of 153 MRH events associated with BP-lowering drugs. Patients on four BP-lowering drugs were five times more likely to experience MRH compared to those taking one medication (OR 4.96; 95%CI 1.63–15.13; P = 0.01). Most MRH events were classified ‘serious’ (80%, n = 123), requiring dose change or treatment cessation. Almost half of MRH were potentially preventable (49%, n = 75).

Conclusion
Polypharmacy from BP-lowering drugs in older people is associated with preventable harm. Decisions around cardiovascular risk reduction should be carefully considered in view of MRH arising from BP-lowering drugs.
Integrative analysis of relative abundance data and presence–absence data of the microbiome using the LDM
Authors: Zhu Zhengyi , Satten Glen A , Hu Yi-Juan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Summary
We previously developed the LDM for testing hypotheses about the microbiome that performs the test at both the community level and the individual taxon level. The LDM can be applied to relative abundance data and presence–absence data separately, which work well when associated taxa are abundant and rare, respectively. Here, we propose LDM-omni3 that combines LDM analyses at the relative abundance and presence–absence data scales, thereby offering optimal power across scenarios with different association mechanisms. The new LDM-omni3 test is available for the wide range of data types and analyses that are supported by the LDM.

Availability and implementation
The LDM-omni3 test has been added to the R package LDM, which is available on GitHub at https://github.com/yijuanhu/LDM.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Guideline directed medical therapy and reduction of secondary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Spinka Georg , Bartko Philipp E. , Heitzinger Gregor , Prausmüller Suriya , Winter Max-Paul , Arfsten Henrike , Strunk Guido , Rosenhek Raphael , Kastl Stefan , Hengstenberg Christian , Pavo Noemi , Hülsmann Martin , Goliasch Georg 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is the recommended initial treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR), however, supported by only little comprehensive evidence. This study, therefore, sought to assess the effect of GDMT titration on SMR and to identify specific substance combinations able to reduce SMR severity.

Methods and results
We included 261 patients who completed two visits with an echocardiographic exam available within 1 month at each visit. After comprehensively defining GDMT titration as well as SMR reduction, logistic regression analysis was applied in order to assess the effects of overall GDMT titration and specific substance combinations on SMR severity. SMR severity improved by at least 1° in 39.3% of patients with subsequent titration of GDMT and was accompanied by reverse remodelling and clinical improvement. The effects of GDMT titration were significantly associated with SMR reduction (adj. odds ratio 2.91, 95% confidence interval 1.34–6.32, P = 0.007). Moreover, angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) as well as the combined dosage effects of (i) renin–angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) and mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists (MRA), (ii) beta-blockers (BB) and MRA, as well as (iii) RASi, BB, and MRA were all significantly associated with SMR improvement (P &lt; 0.044 for all).

Conclusion
The present study provides comprehensive evidence for the effectiveness of contemporary GDMT to specifically improve SMR. Our data indicate that GDMT titration conveys a three-fold increased chance of reducing SMR severity. Moreover, the dosage effects of ARNi, as well as the combination of RASi and MRA, BB and MRA, and all three substances in the aggregate are able to significantly improve SMR.
Neighborhood violence and health: the mediating role of loneliness among two ethnic groups in Israel
Authors: Elran-Barak Roni , Baron-Epel Orna , Donchin Milka 
Published: March 2022

Summary
Neighborhood violence is associated with poor health, but the mechanisms explaining this association are still unknown. This study seeks to examine the role of loneliness as a mediator of the association between neighborhood violence and health among two ethnic groups (Arabs and Jews) in Israel. A representative survey was conducted among adult residents (1903 Arabs and 2726 Jews) of four Israeli towns: two Arab towns, one Jewish town and one mixed town. A stratified sample of households by residential area, age and sex, was selected in each town. Mediation models were tested using Hayes’ PROCESS procedure. Traffic violations, juvenile delinquency and vandalism were reported by more than 50% of Arab residents, relative to about 25–30% of Jewish residents. Loneliness mediated the association between neighborhood violence and health, with a full serial mediation for mental health and a partial serial mediation for physical health. Findings indicate that Arab towns are characterized by severe neighborhood violence. The association between neighborhood violence and physical health was fully dependent on the mediators among both ethnic groups. Future studies should use prospective designs with objective measures of health and violence to validate our cross-sectional findings.
To what extent patents for Covid-19 mRNA vaccines are based on public research and taxpayers’ funding? A case study on the privatization of knowledge
Authors: Florio Massimo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has forced us to reconsider the relationship between public and private research and development (R&D). The policy issue is whether, over the next years, governments’ only negotiating position on vaccines and biomedical technologies will be to sign one purchase contract after another and transfer value from taxpayers to investors in pharmaceutical companies. Knowledge and technologies that are crucial to Covid-19 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine development and production were created with the R&D and financial contribution of governments. Patents filed by pharma companies do not protect the public interest arising from such earlier research. The paper offers a case study on the privatization of knowledge created in the first place by R&D in the public sector or supported by public funds and eventually being appropriated by pharmaceutical corporations. The privatization of knowledge is a more general mechanism, relevant in all industries where patents protect corporate R&D which in turn is supported by government direct or indirect subsidies.
Modes of failure of Trifecta aortic valve prosthesis
Authors: Malvindi Pietro Giorgio , Kattach Hassan , Luthra Suvitesh , Ohri Sunil 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Several concerns have been recently raised regarding the durability of Trifecta prostheses. Different mechanisms of early failure were reported. Our aim was to study in a large population the modes of failure of Trifecta valves.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement with a Trifecta prosthesis during the period 2010–2018. Details regarding the mode of failure and haemodynamic dysfunction were collected for patients who underwent reintervention for structural valve failure. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate survival. Competing risk analysis was performed to calculate the cumulative risk of reintervention for structural valve failure.

RESULTS
The overall population comprises 1228 patients (1084 TF model and 144 TFGT model). Forty-four patients—mean patients’ age at the time of the first implant 69 (standard deviation: 12) years and 61% female—underwent reintervention for structural valve failure after a median time of 63 [44–74] months. The cumulative incidence of reintervention for structural valve failure was 0.16% (SE 0.11%), 1.77% (SE 0.38%) and 5.11% (SE 0.98%) at 1, 5 and 9 years, respectively. In 24/44 patients (55%), a leaflet tear with dehiscence at the commissure level was found intraoperatively or described by imaging assessment. The cumulative incidence of reintervention for failure due to leaflet(s) tear was 0.16% (SE 0.11%), 1.08% (SE 0.29%) and 3.03% (SE 0.88%) at 1, 5 and 9 years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Leaflet(s) tear with dehiscence along the stent post was the main mode of early failure, up to 5 years, after Trifecta valves’ implantation.