bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the bacterial dynamics in the gut microbiota following an antibiotic‐induced perturbation
Authors: Guk Jinju , Bridier‐Nahmias Antoine , Magnan Mélanie , Grall Nathalie , Duval Xavier , Clermont Olivier , Ruppé Etienne , d'Humières Camille , Tenaillon Olivier , Denamur Erick , Mentré France , Guedj Jérémie , Burdet Charles ,   for the CEREMI study group
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent studies have highlighted the importance of ecological interactions in dysbiosis of gut microbiota, but few focused on their role in antibiotic‐induced perturbations. We used the data from the CEREMI trial in which 22 healthy volunteers received a 3‐day course of ceftriaxone or cefotaxime antibiotics. Fecal samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene profiling, and the total bacterial counts were determined in each sample by flux cytometry. As the gut exposure to antibiotics could not be experimentally measured despite a marked impact on the gut microbiota, it was reconstructed using the counts of susceptible Escherichia coli. The dynamics of absolute counts of bacterial families were analyzed using a generalized Lotka–Volterra equations and nonlinear mixed effect modeling. Bacterial interactions were studied using a stepwise approach. Two negative and three positive interactions were identified. Introducing bacterial interactions in the modeling approach better fitted the data, and provided different estimates of antibiotic effects on each bacterial family than a simple model without interaction. The time to return to 95% of the baseline counts was significantly longer in ceftriaxone‐treated individuals than in cefotaxime‐treated subjects for two bacterial families: Akkermansiaceae (median [range]: 11.3 days [0; 180.0] vs. 4.2 days [0; 25.6], p = 0.027) and Tannerellaceae (13.7 days [6.1; 180.0] vs. 6.2 days [5.4; 17.3], p = 0.003). Taking bacterial interaction as well as individual antibiotic exposure profile into account improves the analysis of antibiotic‐induced dysbiosis.
Psoralidin protects against cerebral hypoxia/reoxygenation injury: Role of GAS6/Axl signaling
Authors: Lei Wangrui , Wu Songdi , Zhao Aizhen , Wu Zhen , Ding Baoping , Yang Wenwen , Lu Chenxi , Wu Xue , Li Xiyang , Zhang Shaofei , Tian Ye , Yang Yang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPsoralidin (PSO) is a natural phenolic coumarin extracted from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L. Growing preclinical evidence indicates that PSO has anti‐inflammatory, anti‐vitiligo, anti‐bacterial, and anti‐viral effects. Growth arrest‐specific gene 6 (GAS6) and its receptor, Axl, modulate cellular oxidative stress, apoptosis, survival, proliferation, migration, and mitogenesis. Notably, the neuroprotective role of the GAS6/Axl axis has been identified in previous studies. We hypothesize that PSO ameliorates cerebral hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) injury via activating the GAS6/Axl signaling. We first confirmed that PSO was not toxic to the cells and upregulated GAS6 and Axl expression after HR injury. Moreover, PSO exerted a marked neuroprotective effect against HR injury, represented by restored cell viability and cell morphology, decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, PSO pretreatment also elevated the levels of nuclear factor‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone‐1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCl2) both in the condition of baseline and HR injury. However, GAS6 siRNA or Axl siRNA inhibited the neuroprotective effects of PSO. Our findings suggest that PSO pretreatment attenuated HR‐induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in neuroblastoma cells through the activation of GAS6/Axl signaling.
The roles of small‐scale topographic perturbations in precipitation forecasting using a convection‐permitting ensemble prediction system over southern China
Authors: Wang Jingzhuo , Chen Jing , Xue Haile , Li Hongqi , Zhang Hanbin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe effects of small‐scale topographic perturbations on precipitation forecasts are investigated using the China Meteorological Administration's Convection‐Permitting Ensemble Prediction System. Southern China is chosen as the study domain because complex terrain is located there and heavy rainfall frequently occurs. The investigation comprises seven cases including strong and weak forcings on the synoptic scale in terms of convective adjustment time‐scale and synoptic conditions. To construct the topographic perturbation scheme, the standard deviations of small‐scale topographic heights and random fields were first introduced, and sensitivity runs with different topographic perturbation magnitudes were performed at a 3‐km horizontal grid spacing. The results indicate that the model runs with a single topographic perturbation show small changes in precipitation forecasts on strong‐forcing cases and more important impacts for weak‐forcing events, but the effect is also restricted to the control forecast skills. In addition, the topographic perturbation impacts the precipitation forecasts through dynamic processes, and the impact areas are mainly found at locations with rainstorms and heavy rainstorms in the observations. Moreover, the precipitation forecasts react sensitively to the topographic perturbation magnitude, with a larger topographic perturbation magnitude leading to larger amplitudes and spatial gain of precipitation ensemble spread, as well as a better Brier score. However, the selection of the perturbation magnitude is also influenced by the standard deviations of the small‐scale topographic heights.
Rapid identification of bear bile powder from other bile sources using chip‐based nano‐electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Wei Jiaojiao , Li Linnan , Liu Yamin , Sun Shuai , Xu Lu , Liu Shaoyong , Wang Zhengtao , Yang Li 
Published: May 2022

RationaleBear bile powder (BBP) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and bile acids (BAs) are the main active components in BBP. Due to the scarcity of BBP resources, adulterations often occur in the market. Conventional methods to distinguish them are usually complicated and time‐consuming. To enhance effectiveness and accuracy, a rapid and rough analytical method is desperately needed.MethodsIn this study, a rapid strategy using chip‐based nano‐electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nano‐ESI‐MS/MS) was established to distinguish BBP from other sources of bile powder (BP). In addition, the results were further verified by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS).ResultsThe precision of the chip‐based nano‐ESI‐MS/MS method was validated to be acceptable with relative standard deviation (RSD) <15%. The distinction between BBP and other sources of BP, including common adulterants of pig bile powder (PBP), cattle bile powder (CBP), sheep bile powder (SBP), and chicken bile powder (CkBP), can be observed in the spectra. By using orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA), more potential m/z markers were investigated. A BAs‐related m/z marker of 498.3 was discovered as a typical differential molecular ion peak and was identified as tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) in BBP.ConclusionsThe proposed strategy has simple sample pretreatment steps and significantly shortened analysis time. As an emerging technology, chip‐based nano‐ESI‐MS not only provides a reference for the rapid distinction of adulterated Chinese medicines, but also provides some insights into the identification of other chemicals and foods.
Local sliding mode inversion algorithms and state observers with space applications
Authors: Possieri Corrado , Novara Carlo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe main objective of this work is to propose novel finite‐time algorithms to either invert a time‐varying map or to estimate the state of a time‐varying nonlinear plant. The former goal is pursued by using a sliding mode version of the Newton algorithm, whereas the latter objective is achieved by resorting to the inverse of the Jacobian matrix of the observability map to implement a sliding mode differentiator in the original coordinates. Finally, it is shown how these two techniques can be efficiently used to solve some relevant space applications, such as the estimation of the angular velocity of an axial symmetric satellite, the estimation of the inertia parameters of an orbiting object from measurements of its angular velocities, and the estimation of a Keplerian orbital element given measurements of the other five ones.
Modified general policy iteration based adaptive dynamic programming for unknown discrete‐time linear systems
Authors: Jiang Huaiyuan , Zhou Bin , Duan Guang‐Ren 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, the general policy iteration (GPI) method for the optimal control of discrete‐time linear systems is studied. First, the existing result on the GPI method is recalled and some new properties are proposed. Based on these new properties, a model‐based modified GPI algorithm is proposed with its convergence proof. Moreover, the data‐driven implementation for the proposed method is introduced without using the information of the system matrices. Compared with the existing results, the condition to initiate the GPI based algorithm is further relaxed by the proposed algorithm. The simulation example verifies the effectiveness of the proposed modified GPI based algorithm.
Penalized weighted proportional hazards model for robust variable selection and outlier detection
Authors: Luo Bin , Gao Xiaoli , Halabi Susan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIdentifying exceptional responders or nonresponders is an area of increased research interest in precision medicine as these patients may have different biological or molecular features and therefore may respond differently to therapies. Our motivation stems from a real example from a clinical trial where we are interested in characterizing exceptional prostate cancer responders. We investigate the outlier detection and robust regression problem in the sparse proportional hazards model for censored survival outcomes. The main idea is to model the irregularity of each observation by assigning an individual weight to the hazard function. By applying a LASSO‐type penalty on both the model parameters and the log transformation of the weight vector, our proposed method is able to perform variable selection and outlier detection simultaneously. The optimization problem can be transformed to a typical penalized maximum partial likelihood problem and thus it is easy to implement. We further extend the proposed method to deal with the potential outlier masking problem caused by censored outcomes. The performance of the proposed estimator is demonstrated with extensive simulation studies and real data analyses in low‐dimensional and high‐dimensional settings.
Notebook‐as‐a‐VRE (NaaVRE): From private notebooks to a collaborative cloud virtual research environment
Authors: Zhao Zhiming , Koulouzis Spiros , Bianchi Riccardo , Farshidi Siamak , Shi Zeshun , Xin Ruyue , Wang Yuandou , Li Na , Shi Yifang , Timmermans Joris , Kissling W. Daniel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVirtual research environments (VREs) provide user‐centric support in the lifecycle of research activities, for example, discovering and accessing research assets or composing and executing application workflows. A typical VRE is often implemented as an integrated environment, including a catalog of research assets, a workflow management system, a data management framework, and tools for enabling user collaboration. In contrast, notebook environments like Jupyter allow researchers to rapidly prototype scientific code and share their experiments as online accessible notebooks. Jupyter can support several popular languages used by data scientists, such as Python, R, and Julia. However, such notebook environments do not have seamless support for running heavy computations on remote infrastructure or finding and accessing collaborative software code inside notebooks. This article investigates the gap between a notebook environment and a VRE and proposes an embedded VRE solution for the Jupyter environment called Notebook‐as‐a‐VRE (NaaVRE). The NaaVRE solution provides functional components via a component marketplace and allows users to create a customized VRE on top of the Jupyter environment. From the VRE, a user can search research assets (data, software, and algorithms), compose workflows, manage the lifecycle of an experiment, and share the results among users in the community. We demonstrate how such a solution can enhance a legacy workflow that uses Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data from country‐wide airborne laser scanning surveys for deriving geospatial data products of ecosystem structure at high resolution over broad spatial extents. This enables users to scale out the processing of multi‐terabyte LiDAR point clouds for ecological applications to more data sources in a distributed cloud environment. Similar applications could be developed for workflows producing other essential biodiversity variables.
Hollow magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer based on metal‐organic framework for capture of ciprofloxacin
Authors: Zhou Shu , Fu Jinli , Zhao Pengfei , Tang Sisi , Wu Xiaodan , Yang Zhaoxia , Zhang Zhaohui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe development of a simple and rapid separation and analysis method with high selectivity toward ciprofloxacin is of great importance for environmental protection. Herein, this paper reported a hollow magnetic zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 based molecularly imprinted polymer for selective adsorption and enrichment of ciprofloxacin. The morphology and structural properties of the hollow magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry, and the results showed that the material has an obvious hollow structure, good thermal stability, and magnetic properties. The hollow magnetic imprinted polymer has a higher adsorption capacity (75.59 mg/g) and shorter adsorption saturation time (50 min) toward ciprofloxacin. Moreover, the hollow magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer showed excellent adsorption ability, stability, and repeatability. The hollow magnetic imprinted polymer was used to detect trace ciprofloxacin in actual samples (river water, human urine, chicken) successfully with the recoveries of 91.4–100.4%. With the advantages of high recovery (91.4–100.4%), high speed (50 min), and high selectivity (selectivity factor > 2.50), the hollow magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer has broad application prospects in the efficient adsorption of ciprofloxacin.
Dynamic mixing models and analysis of the mixing processes for an oxidation ditch and an aeration tank
Authors: Yang Min 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA one‐dimensional longitudinal mixing model for an oxidation ditch with a moving symmetrical boundary and a series model for a symmetric aeration mixing unit of an aeration tank were developed in this study to analyze their mixing processes. The analysis of these models showed that the mixing process in the oxidation ditch tended to that of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) in a mode of circulation flow and dispersion; however, the mixing in the aeration tank tended to that of a CSTR in a mode of dispersion. The tracer output patterns and complete mixing times of the oxidation ditch and aeration tank with treatment capacities of 1000–50,000 m3/d and hydraulic retention time 12.0 h were evaluated. The complete mixing time increased from 7.5 min to 128.5 min for the aeration tank with an increase in volume; and the oxidation ditch with same complete mixing time as that of the aeration tank was obtained. The complete mixing time for the oxidation ditch can be changed in a wider range, for matching the time scale of biochemical degradation of organic pollutants.Practitioner Points

Mixing model of an oxidation ditch and an aeration tank were built.
Mixing in oxidation ditch tends to that of CSTR in a mode of circulation flow and dispersion.
Mixing in an aeration tank is in accordance with advection diffusion and tends to that of CSTR as its Peclet number is large.
Complete mixing time for an oxidation ditch can be changed in a wider range.
Coupled time dependent concentrations reaction based on the numerical droplet model
Authors: Nagler Jacob 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper describes the numerical solution of time dependent, two coupled substances in one‐dimensional field that participate in a chemical reaction with two kinds of different concentrations that affect each other. It is necessary to find the final state solution of the component variability concentrations in numerical form. The equations are conjugated and dependent on the radius and time (the existing physical model is a drop). In order to obtain a solution, we used the explicit method for the second‐order equation, which is very easy to program and understand, but requires some preliminary mathematical work. We examined the convergence of the solution in aspects of longitudinal (h) and lateral integration (s), as well as depending on the problem parameters. Thus, we have found that the (substances) components can reach an equilibrium state in which the concentrations would no longer change in time, or this state of equilibrium will not be existing due to the nature of the process and the concentrations will change in a cyclic or other form. Finally, qualitative support was found in literature.
Nanomaterials, a New Challenge in the Workplace
Authors: Alberto Ana Rita , Matos Cristina , Carmona-Aparicio Gabriel , Iten Muriel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNanomaterials are a nanotechnological product of increasing importance given the possibilities they offer to improve quality of life and support sustainable development. Safe management of nanomaterials is needed to ensure that this emerging technology has the highest levels of acceptance among different interest groups, including workers. This chapter reviews the current state that presents the different stages of risk management applied to nanomaterials, including standardisation, regulation, risk assessment and risk control. Particularly, the chapter contextualizes the development of nanotechnologies at European level and analyses the scientific evidence available on the risks derived from nanomaterials use. Furthermore, it highlights the required conditions to encourage the responsible development of nanomaterials, as well as reflects on the lack of consensus in terms of approaches and frameworks that could facilitate standardisation adoption, regulatory enforcement and industry intervention concerning nanomaterials.
Konventionentheoretische Perspektiven auf die Ökonomie und die Soziologie der Gesundheit
Authors: Diaz-Bone Rainer 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag stellt die Economie des conventions (kurz EC) als komplexen pragmatischen Institutionalismus vor und führt zentrale Konzepte der EC ein. Die EC integriert Analysen der „politischen Ökonomie der Gesundheit“ (Batifoulier), der „Soziologie der Quantifizierung und Digitalisierung“ (Desrosières/Didier), der politischen Ökonomie des Unternehmens (Eymard-Duvernay) und der praktischen Lebensführung (Thévenot) mit der Untersuchung wie Akteure in Situationen Dispositive, kognitive Formen und Qualitätskonventionen mobilisieren, um „Gesundheit“ und darauf bezogene Entscheidungen, Bewertungen und Praktiken zu fundieren und zu legitimieren. Der Beitrag wird einige der konventionentheoretischen Beiträge aus Frankreich vorstellen und auf aktuelle Themen und Problemlagen (wie digitale governance von Gesundheit, Gesundheitsdiskurse, neue Formen der gesundheitsbezogenen Subjektivierung, Ökonomisierung der Gesundheit, Pluralität der Koordinationslogiken im Gesundheitsfeld) aus Sicht der EC eingehen. Zudem soll in dem Beitrag gezeigt werden, wie die EC als integrierender Ansatz in dem Bereich der Gesundheitsforschung fungiert, um soziologische, ökonomische, rechtliche, mediale Forschungsfragen konzeptionell und methodologisch zu integrieren.
„Die beste Version meiner selbst“ – Das unabschließbare Subjekt in der psychologischen Onlineberatung
Authors: Scaria-Braunstein Karin , Hiden Raffael 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag problematisiert die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Digitalisierung und (psychischem) Gesundheitsverhalten in einem gemeinsamen Wirkungsfeld und diskutiert dieses exemplarisch anhand der psychologischen Onlineplattform Instahelp. Unter der theoretischen Bezugnahme auf die Soziologie der Konventionen (EC) und des dafür zentralen Pluralitätspostulats werden situative Koordinationslogiken durch Regime und Konventionen gestützt. Der aktuell gesellschaftsübergreifende soziotechnische Wandel ist gleichzeitig ein Transformationsprozess im Umgang mit neuartigen sozio-technischen Materialitäten, die wir in unserem Beitrag besonders für das Feld der E-Mental-Health öffnen. Operationen des ständigen Relationierens sind in diesem Kontext entscheidende Parameter für die interaktiven Koordinationsleistungen der Akteure. Durch einen ethnografischen Selbstversuch wird dieser theoretische Referenzrahmen besonders im Kontext der Regime des Engagements am empirischem Material beforscht. Dabei zeigt sich, dass netzwerkartige Verweisungszusammenhänge im Kontext der psychologischen Onlineberatung als unabschließbares Projekt aufzufassen sind.
Harvesting entanglement by non-identical detectors with different energy gaps
Authors: Hu Hui , Zhang Jialin , Yu Hongwei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It has been shown that the vacuum state of a free quantum field is entangled and such vacuum entanglement can be harvested by a pair of initially uncorrelated detectors interacting locally with the vacuum field for a finite time. In this paper, we examine the entanglement harvesting phenomenon of two non-identical inertial detectors with different energy gaps locally interacting with massless scalar fields via a Gaussian switching function. We focus on how entanglement harvesting depends on the energy gap difference from two perspectives: the amount of entanglement harvested and the harvesting-achievable separation between the two detectors. In the sense of the amount of entanglement, we find that as long as the inter-detector separation is not too small with respect to the interaction duration parameter, two non-identical detectors could extract more entanglement from the vacuum state than the identical detectors. There exists an optimal value of the energy gap difference when the inter-detector separation is sufficiently large that renders the harvested entanglement to peak. Regarding the harvesting-achievable separation, we further find that the presence of an energy gap difference generally enlarges the harvesting-achievable separation range. Our results suggest that the non-identical detectors may be advantageous to extracting entanglement from vacuum in certain circumstances as compared to identical detectors.