bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A259 ASSESSING SYSTEM BASED QUALITY MEASURES IN THE CARE OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Saad Mohammed A , Almeshal F , Rai M , Hookey L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There has been a &gt;75% increase in incidence since 1990 associated with annual Canadian healthcare costs greater than $200 million. Despite established guidelines for clinical management and quality indicators at the individual patient level, system-based performance measures are novel. Thus, hospital-based quality measures have recently been released by the American Gastroenterology Association (AGA) and are yet to be evaluated in a clinical setting.

Aims
To assess rates of compliance to the AGA quality and performance measures in the care of acute pancreatitis.

Methods
Retrospective chart review identified adult patients admitted with AP from June 2019 to May 2020 at Kingston Health Sciences Centre to review clinical profile. Data was collected, assessed, and stratified based on compliance with AGA performance measures of (1) cholecystectomy on index presentation of gallstone pancreatitis (GP), (2) initiation of early oral feeding within 24 hours, and (3) inappropriate parenteral nutrition (PN) use. Additional data collected included length of stay (LOS), presence of complications, and etiology of AP to assess for trends in associations. Descriptive and bivariate analysis was conducted.

Results
There were 130 admissions of AP during the study period, of which the most common aetiologies were GP (52.3%) and alcohol (16.9%). Unknown/idiopathic AP had an incidence rate of 22.3%. The most likely etiology of having a prior presentation of AP was unknown/idiopathic AP (34.5%), closely followed by alcoholic AP (32%). The incidence of complications was 13.1% and median LOS was 4 days. 63% of eligible GP patients underwent cholecystectomy on index admission, whereas 20% proceeded with cholecystectomy at a later date. 88% of admissions had a diet ordered within 24 hours of admission. The median LOS was 4 days in the early feeding group, in contrast to 7.5 days in admissions which did not have diet ordered within 24 hours. A total of 3 patients received parenteral nutrition, however only one of these patients was eligible for enteral feeding.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that increasing cholecystectomy rates during index admission is an area to improve upon. Early diet orders were associated with a shorter hospital LOS; however additional evidence of direct correlation is required. Further studies are warranted to identify system level factors affecting quality of care as well as the development of targeted interventions in AP.

Funding Agencies
None
Impact of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Soybean Yield and Quality Under Field Conditions
Authors: Schutze Inana X , Naranjo Steve E , Yamamoto Pedro T 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a key insect pest in soybean fields in Brazil but data are lacking on the relationship between pest abundance and crop yield and quality. Controlled infestation studies were conducted on caged soybean plants in the field over a two year period at two sites in Brazil. Differences in temperature in the two years affected population growth of B. tabaci, reaching 413 nymphs per leaflet in the first year, and 179 the second year even when the average temperature was 3ºC higher. Higher temperatures promoted a shorter lifecycle and nearly one more generation. Yield was affected with losses up to 500 kg/ha in 2017/2018 and 1,147 kg/ha in 2018/2019. A decrease in the weight of a thousand grains of 18 and 33 g was observed in the first and second year, respectively. No significant differences were observed in grain germination, but estimated losses in protein content were up to 440 kg/ha at the highest infestation level. Pest density and yield data were used to estimate economic injury levels (EILs). EILs ranged from 2.5 to 25.67 nymphs per leaflet and 0.17–1.79 adults per leaflet over a range of control costs, soybean production values, and control efficacies. These results should provide data useful toward development of pest management decision making tools.
Interspecific Hybridization and Island Colonization History, not Rarity, Most Strongly Affect the Genetic Diversity inDiospyrosa Clade of Mascarene-Endemic Trees
Authors: Linan Alexander G , Lowry Porter P , Miller Allison J , Schatz George E , Sevathian Jean Claude , Edwards Christine E 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany factors shape the genetic diversity of island-endemic trees, with important implications for conservation. Oceanic island-endemic lineages undergo an initial founding bottleneck during the colonization process and subsequently accumulate diversity following colonization. Moreover, many island endemics occur in small populations and are further threatened by anthropogenic factors that cause population declines, making them susceptible to losses in genetic diversity through genetic drift, inbreeding, and bottlenecks. However, life-history traits commonly found in trees, such as outcrossing mechanisms, long lifespans, and a propensity for interspecific hybridization, may help buffer against losses of genetic variation. To assess the relative importance of colonization history, rarity, and distribution in shaping genetic diversity of island-endemic trees, we conducted a comparative population genomic analysis of 13 species of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) endemic to the Mascarene Islands that differ in island colonization history, distribution, population size, and IUCN threat status. We genotyped 328 individuals across the islands using 2b-RADseq, compared genetic diversity both among and within species, and assessed patterns of genetic structure. Genetic diversity did not vary significantly by IUCN status, but we found that species that co-occur with others on the same intermediate-aged island (Mauritius) had much greater genetic diversity than those that occur solitarily on an island (Réunion and Rodrigues), likely because of greater interspecific hybridization among species with overlapping distributions and processes related to time since island colonization. Results presented here were used to determine priority localities for in situ and ex situ conservation efforts to maximize the genetic diversity of each Mascarene Diospyros species.
Donkey Anaphora in Non-Monotonic Environments
Authors: Denić Milica , Sudo Yasutada 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Donkey anaphora in quantified sentences is ambiguous between an existential and a universal reading. The extent to which different readings are accessible depends on the quantifier, but how to model this dependence is debated (Kanazawa, 1994; Champollion et al. 2019). This study advances this debate by providing novel experimental data on the interpretation of donkey anaphora in sentences with non-monotonic quantifiers exactly 3 and all but one. We establish that while the existential reading of donkey anaphora is the preferred one with both exactly 3 and all but one, the universal reading is accessed more with all but one than with exactly 3. These results have important implications for both Kanazawa (1994) and Champollion et al. (2019) theories, as both need to be amended to fully capture the empirical picture.
Successful surgical management of intralobar pulmonary sequestration in Ghana
Authors: Okyere Isaac , Kwarteng Sandra Owusu , Bempah Atta Owusu , Okyere Perditer , Badu-Peprah Augustina , Brenu Samuel Gyasi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Pulmonary sequestration occurs when a portion of lung tissue receives its blood supply from an anomalous systemic artery. Three main presentations, intralobar, extralobar and communicating bronchopulmonary foregut malformations, have been described. It is the second most common congenital lung anomaly. The intralobar variant is the most common type seen in 75% of cases, especially in late childhood. Imaging of choice for diagnosis are computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging. Management involves surgical resection with ligation of the aberrant blood supply via thoracotomy or thoracoscopy. Endovascular therapy with coil embolization of the aberrant anomalous systemic artery as a standard therapy or as a hybrid therapy is an option. We present our successful surgical management of an infant diagnosed prenatally with congenital lung abnormality and confirmed postnatally as intralobar pulmonary sequestration.
Ligation-assisted homologous recombination enables precise genome editing by deploying both MMEJ and HDR
Authors: Zhao Zhihan , Shang Peng , Sage Fanny , Geijsen Niels 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
CRISPR/Cas12a is a single effector nuclease that, like CRISPR/Cas9, has been harnessed for genome editing based on its ability to generate targeted DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Unlike the blunt-ended DSB generated by Cas9, Cas12a generates sticky-ended DSB that could potentially aid precise genome editing, but this unique feature has thus far been underutilized. In the current study, we found that a short double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) repair template containing a sticky end that matched one of the Cas12a-generated DSB ends and a homologous arm sharing homology with the genomic region adjacent to the other end of the DSB enabled precise repair of the DSB and introduced a desired nucleotide substitution. We termed this strategy ‘Ligation-Assisted Homologous Recombination’ (LAHR). Compared to the single-stranded oligo deoxyribonucleotide (ssODN)-mediated homology directed repair (HDR), LAHR yields relatively high editing efficiency as demonstrated for both a reporter gene and endogenous genes. We found that both HDR and microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) mechanisms are involved in the LAHR process. Our LAHR genome editing strategy, extends the repertoire of genome editing technologies and provides a broader understanding of the type and role of DNA repair mechanisms involved in genome editing.
Achromatic metasurfaces by dispersion customization for ultra-broadband acoustic beam engineering
Authors: Dong Hao-Wen , Shen Chen , Zhao Sheng-Dong , Qiu Weibao , Zheng Hairong , Zhang Chuanzeng , Cummer Steven A , Wang Yue-Sheng , Fang Daining , Cheng Li 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Metasurfaces, the ultra-thin media with extraordinary wavefront modulation ability, have shown great promise for many potential applications. However, most of the existing metasurfaces are limited by narrow-band and strong dispersive modulation, which complicates their real-world applications and, therefore require strict customized dispersion. To address this issue, we report a general methodology for generating ultra-broadband achromatic metasurfaces with prescribed ultra-broadband achromatic properties in a bottom-up inverse-design paradigm. We demonstrate three ultra-broadband functionalities, including acoustic beam deflection, focusing and levitation, with relative bandwidths of 93.3%, 120% and 118.9%, respectively. In addition, we reveal a relationship between broadband achromatic functionality and element dispersion. All metasurface elements have anisotropic and asymmetric geometries with multiple scatterers and local cavities that synthetically support internal resonances, bi-anisotropy and multiple scattering for ultra-broadband customized dispersion. Our study opens new horizons for ultra-broadband highly efficient achromatic functional devices, with promising extension to optical and elastic metamaterials.
Impact of Casirivimab-Imdevimab on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Delta Variant Nasopharyngeal Virus Load and Spike Quasispecies
Authors: Vellas Camille , Del Bello Arnaud , Gaube Geraldine , Tremeaux Pauline , Jeanne Nicolas , Ranger Noemie , Martin-Blondel Guillaume , Delobel Pierre , Kamar Nassim , Izopet Jacques 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
The increasing use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to treat coronavirus disease 2019 raises questions about their impact on the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mAb-resistant variants. We assessed the impact of Casirivimab-Imdevimab on SARS-CoV-2 mutations associated with reduced mAb activity in treated patients.

Methods
We measured the nasopharyngeal (NP) viral load and sequenced the haplotypes of spike gene of 50 patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant and treated with Casirivimab-Imdevimab using single-molecule real-time sequencing.

Results
The NP SARS-CoV-2 viral load of patients treated with Casirivimab-Imdevimab decreased from 8.13 (interquartile range [IQR], 7.06–8.59) log10 copies/mL pretreatment to 3.67 (IQR, 3.07–5.15) log10 copies/mL 7 days later (P &lt; .001). Of the 36 patients for whom follow-up timepoints Spike sequencing were available, none of the Spike mutations that reduced mAb activity were detected.

Conclusions
Casirivimab-Imdevimab is an effective treatment for patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. Despite selective pressure on SARS-CoV-2 Spike quasispecies, we detected no key mutations that reduced mAb activity in our patients.
The impact of police–community relations: Recruitment and retention concerns of local police agencies
Authors: Skaggs Sherry Lynn , Harris Chris , Montgomery Lauren 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing movement across the USA to defund police. Additionally, police agencies have faced a rapidly declining application pool. Fewer applicants combined with retention issues have led to staffing concerns and cultural impacts within departments. This study examines the recruitment and retention problems faced by a local police agency in response to struggles within police–community relations and calls to defund police nationwide. Three series of interviews were conducted among new hires in training, new hires post training, and voluntary departures. Findings from this study indicate three primary categories of themes effecting both recruitment and retention: support, operational standards and compensation, and transparency. Based on the findings, several policy implications should be considered to improve recruitment and retention within the department. These include developing a comprehensive website for candidates and current officers, adjusting personnel shift rotation, overhauling the Field Training Programme, and working to improve support.
Yukawa textures in modular symmetric vacuum of magnetized orbifold models
Authors: Kikuchi Shota , Kobayashi Tatsuo , Ogawa Yuya , Uchida Hikaru 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We study quark mass matrices derived from magnetized $T^2/\mathbb {Z}_2$ orbifold models. Yukawa matrices at three modular fixed points, τ = i, e2πi/3, and i∞, are invariant under S-, ST-, and T-transformations. We study these invariances on the $T^2/\mathbb {Z}_2$ twisted orbifold. We find that Yukawa matrices have a kind of texture structure, although those at τ = i∞ are not realistic. We classify the Yukawa textures at τ = i and e2πi/3. Moreover we investigate the conditions such that the quark mass matrix constructed by Yukawa textures becomes approximately a rank-one matrix, which is favorable to lead to hierarchical masses between the third generation and the others. It is found that realistic quark mass matrices can be obtained around the S-invariant and ST-invariant vacua. As an illustrative example, we show the realization of the quark mass ratios and mixing based on Fritzch and Fritzch–Xing mass matrices.
The links of stress, substance use and socio-demographic factors with domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic in Portugal
Authors: Pérez Yilian M , Gama Ana , Pedro Ana R , de Carvalho Maria J L , Guerreiro Ana E , Duarte Vera , Quintas Jorge , Aguiar Pedro , Keygnaert Ines , Dias Sónia 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background
Lockdown, as a measure implemented to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, left many domestic violence (DV) victims trapped with their abusers. This study intends to explore the links between perceived stress, substance use and socio-demographic factors with DV experiences during COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 1062 participants over 16 years old, residing in Portugal. Data were collected through an online survey conducted between April and October 2020. The associations between potential factors and DV were investigated using bivariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression.

Results
The prevalence of DV reported was 13.75% (n = 146), disaggregated into psychological violence (13%, n = 138), sexual violence (1.0%, n = 11) and physical violence (0.9%, n = 10). Multivariable analyses confirmed that perceived financial difficulties (OR = 1.608; P = 0.019), use of medications to sleep or calm down (OR = 1.851; P = 0.002) and perceived stress (OR = 2.443; P = 0.003) were responsible for DV exposure during COVID-19 pandemic. Younger age (&lt;25 years old) and consumption of alcohol were associated with a higher risk of DV victimization.

Conclusions
Interventions aimed at preventing and confronting DV are necessary within the strategies to combat COVID-19 in Portugal, especially aimed at groups in vulnerable situations, during and after the pandemic.
Robust neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in adolescents and young adults with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases
Authors: Yeo Joo Guan , Chia Wan Ni , Teh Kai Liang , Book Yun Xin , Hoh Sook Fun , Gao Xiaocong , Das Lena , Zhang Jinyan , Sutamam Nursyuhadah , Lim Amanda Jin Mei , Poh Su Li , Tay Shi Huan , Nay Yaung Katherine , Ong Xin Mei , Hazirah Sharifah Nur , Chua Camillus Jian Hui , Leong Jing Yao , Wang Lin-Fa , Albani Salvatore , Arkachaisri Thaschawee 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Immunogenicity to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with childhood-onset rheumatic diseases (cRD) is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the humoral immunogenicity and safety of the vaccines in our AYA with cRD.

Methods
A monocentric observational study with 159 AYA (50.3% female and 70.4% Chinese). Humoral immunogenicity was assessed at 2–3 and 4–6 weeks following first and second vaccination by cPass™ SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Assay. Inhibition signal of ≥30% defined the cut-off for positive detection of the SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Vaccine safety and disease activity were assessed within 6 weeks after second vaccination.

Results
A total of 64.9% and 99.1% of 159 patients (median age: 16.9, IQR: 14.7–19.5) mounted positive SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing responses after first and second vaccination, respectively. Most patients (89.8%) had ≥90% inhibition signal after second vaccination. Methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil increased the risk associated with negative cPass neutralization responses following the first vaccination. Holding both medications after each vaccination did not affect immunogenicity. There was no symptomatic COVID-19 infection. Local reaction remained the most common (23.3–25.2%) adverse event, without serious complication. Two and seven patients flared following the first and second vaccination, respectively. Subgroup analyses of the 12–18-year-old cohort did not show any differences in vaccine efficacy, predictors of poor response and general safety, but higher proportion of disease flares.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were efficacious after the two-dose regimen in almost all AYA with cRD without serious adverse event. The rate of disease flare observed is 4.4% after the second mRNA vaccine dose.
Patient Sex and Postoperative Outcomes after Inpatient Intraabdominal Surgery: A Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: He Jennifer W. , Sun Louise Y. , Wijeysundera Duminda , Vogt Kelly , Jones Philip M. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Intraabdominal surgeries are frequently performed procedures that lead to a high volume of unplanned readmissions and postoperative complications. Patient sex may be a determinant of adverse outcomes in this population, possibly due to differences in biology or care delivery, but it is understudied. The authors hypothesized that there would be no association between patient sex and the risk of postoperative adverse outcomes in intraabdominal surgery.

Methods
This retrospective, population-based cohort study involved adult inpatients aged 18 yr or older who underwent intraabdominal surgeries in Ontario, Canada, between April 2009 and March 2016. The authors studied the association of patient sex on the primary composite outcome of all-cause death, hospital readmission, or major postoperative complications, all within 30 postoperative days. Inverse probability of exposure weighting based on propensity scores (computed using demographic characteristics such as rural residence status and median neighborhood income quintile, common comorbidities, and surgery- and hospital-specific characteristics) was used to estimate the adjusted association of sex on outcomes.

Results
The cohort included 215,846 patients (52.3% female). The primary outcome was observed in 24,712 (21.9%) females and 25,486 (24.7%) males (unadjusted risk difference, 2.8% [95% CI, 2.5 to 3.2%]; P < 0.001). After adjustment, the association between the male sex and the primary outcome was not statistically significant (adjusted risk difference, −0.2% [95% CI, −0.5 to 0.2%]; P = 0.378).

Conclusions
In a large population of intraabdominal surgical patients, there was no differential risk between sexes in the composite outcome of all-cause death, hospital readmission, or major postoperative complications, all within 30 postoperative days.

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Palliative Care Utilization Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Pediatrics
Authors: Gouda Suzanne R. , Bohr Nicole L. , Hoehn K. Sarah 
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Pediatric palliative care (PPC) services could provide an integral component of the comprehensive care necessary for these patients and their families. The main objectives of this study are to examine the utilization of PPC following OHCA and compare the differences in characteristics between children who received PPC with those who did not.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
An urban, tertiary PICU.

PATIENTS:
Children less than 21 years old admitted from October 2009 to October 2019 with an admitting diagnosis of OHCA and minimum PICU length of stay (LOS) of 48 hours.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Of the 283 patient charts reviewed, 118 patient encounters met inclusion criteria. Of those, 34 patients (28.8%) received a PPC consultation during hospitalization. Patients who received PPC had a longer PICU LOS (14.5 vs 4.0 d), a greater number of ventilator days (12.5 vs 4.0 d), and a larger proportion of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) statuses (41% vs 19%). When comparing the disposition of survivors, a greater proportion was discharged to rehab or nursing facilities (47% vs 28%), with no difference in mortality rates (53% vs 50%). In the multivariate logistic regression model, older age, longer LOS, and code status (DNR) were all associated with higher likelihood of PPC utilization. Data were analyzed using descriptive, Mann-Whitney U, and Fisher exact statistics.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study demonstrates PPC services following OHCA are underutilized given the high degree of morbidity and mortality. The impact of automatic PPC consultation in all OHCA patients who survive beyond 48 hours should be explored further. Future studies are warranted to understand the benefits and barriers of PPC integration into standard postarrest care for patients and families.