bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproductive health in Brazil and Europe: Commentary on an analytical parallel
Authors: Filho Agnaldo L. da Silva , Lino Lara M. C. , Ramires Yohanna , Bueno Ricardo L. P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBrazil urgently needs to identify an adequate and quick solution to reduce the high rate of unplanned pregnancies in the country and its consequences in terms of maternal morbidity and mortality, as well as the high rate of unsafe abortions. Reproductive planning is one of the most successful interventions in public health and has been the subject of governmental discussions in all spheres. Brazil faces a long period of lack of population information regarding contraceptive behaviour, especially regarding the availability of a wider range of contraceptive methods. Faced with enormous social challenges and aiming to minimize the financial impacts, the Etonogestrel Subdermal Implant, can be considered a contraceptive option of clinical and socioeconomic interest to public and supplementary health. In Europe, the use of contraceptive options is widely used; however, there is room for greater provision of sexual health services, better formal sexual education and better training of providers, in addition to the possibility of increasing acceptance of the most effective and long‐lasting contraceptives, and improve the use of all methods. The commentary brings perspectives to understand the panorama.
Extra‐regional trade and consumption‐based carbon dioxide emissions in the European countries: Is there a carbon leakage?
Authors: Demiral Özge , Demiral Mehmet , Aktekin‐Gök Emine Dilara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe European countries are committed to making Europe the first carbon‐neutral continent by 2050 under the carbon leakage debates. Carbon leakage occurs when carbon‐intensive production relocates to environmentally unregulated countries. The trade channel of carbon leakage refers that the carbon‐loaded products finally come back through imports and increase consumption‐based carbon emissions in the decarbonization‐committed countries. This study probes the effects of extra‐imports (imports from non‐European countries) share on per capita consumption‐based carbon dioxide emissions (CCEpc) in the panel of 31 European countries from 1995 to 2018. After identifying cross‐country dependence, unit root, heterogeneity, and cointegration, the study applies the common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) and augmented mean group (AMG) estimators, followed by the Emirmahmutoglu‐Kose causality test. The results reveal a carbon leakage pattern that extra‐imports share has both associative (positive) and causal (one‐way) effects on CCEpc. Other results unveil a strong decarbonization contribution from enhancing renewable energy supply against the carbonization forces of growing extra‐exports (exports to non‐European countries) share, real gross domestic product, and comparative advantage in high‐tech manufactures, while population density's influence is statistically insignificant. Some policy implications including carbon‐adjusting border taxes on trade are drawn for regional and global mitigation undertakings.
Rational Regulation of Electronic Structure in Layered Double Hydroxide Via Vanadium Incorporation to Trigger Highly Selective CO2 Photoreduction to CH4
Authors: Yu Sha , Tan Ling , Bai Sha , Ning Chenjun , Liu Guihao , Wang Huijuan , Liu Bin , Zhao Yufei , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo realize excellent selectivity of CH4 in CO2 photoreduction (CO2PR) is highly desirable, yet which is challenging due to the limited active sites for CH4 generation and severe electron‐hole recombination on photocatalysts. Herein, based on the theoretically calculated effects of vanadium incorporation into the laminate of layered double hydroxides (LDHs), V into NiAl‐LDH to synthesize a series of LDHs with various V contents is introduced. NiV‐LDH is revealed to afford a high CH4 selectivity (78.9%), and extremely low H2 selectivity (only 0.4%) under λ > 400 nm irradiation. By further tuning the molar ratio of Ni to V, a CH4 selectivity of as high as 90.1% is achieved on Ni4V‐LDH, and H2 is completely prohibited on Ni2V‐LDH. Fine structural characterizations and comprehensive optical and electrochemical studies uncover V incorporation creates the lower‐valence Ni species as active sites for generating CH4, and enhances the generation, separation, and transfer of photogenerated carriers.
Single Pixel Imaging Key for Holographic Encryption Based on Spatial Multiplexing Metasurface
Authors: Yan Jingxiao , Wei Qunshuo , Liu Yin , Geng Guangzhou , Li Junjie , Li Xiaowei , Li Xin , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCompared with the traditional holographic technology, metasurface holography is a promising technology due to the large field angle and high spatial resolution. Thanks to the precise control of phase, amplitude, polarization and so on, metasurface holography provides a flexible platform for light modulation, optical encryption and so on. Besides, the process of image reconstruction by single pixel imaging is similar to a form of encoding and decoding, which is realized by calculating the correlation between a series of modulation patterns and their corresponding intensity signals. In this work, an optical encryption scheme is proposed based on spatial multiplexing metasurface, which depends on the combination of holographic technology and single pixel imaging technology. In the encryption scheme, the image transmitted by single pixel imaging based on metasurface is used as the addressing key of holography. Besides, illuminating different positions of the metasurface can generate different holographic reconstructed images, and there is 50% information overlapped between adjacent sub‐holograms. This work makes use of the spatial multiplexing property of metasurface, which can complete different functions, paving the way for the application in the field of optical imaging encryption and information security.
A shell element for design‐oriented elasto‐plastic analysis of reinforced concrete wall structures using convex optimization
Authors: Vestergaard Daniel , Poulsen Peter Noe , Hoang Linh Cao , Larsen Kasper Paaske , Feddersen Bent 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe iterative nature of the design processes for building structures requires computational models to be robust, efficient, and accessible while reflecting the actual structural behavior with sufficient accuracy. For limit state analysis of reinforced concrete structures, efficient linear‐elastic models are generally inaccurate, while the modeling and computational complexity of most high‐accuracy nonlinear models inhibit their use in design processes for large‐scale structures. A recently proposed framework for elasto‐plastic analysis of cracked reinforced concrete panels was demonstrated to be capable of analyzing models with more than 10,000 finite elements within minutes on a standard personal computer. This paper proposes an extension of this work in terms of a finite shell element for elasto‐plastic analysis of fully cracked reinforced concrete wall structures subjected to monotonic loading. Using nonlinear‐elastic constitutive models to imitate elasto‐plasticity, the proposed shell element couples the in‐plane section force variation to the nonlinear through‐thickness stress variation in a stress‐based formulation using a layer‐based submodel. The method is validated with exact solutions, and its applicability in design processes involving large‐scale structures is demonstrated using a finite element model of a four‐story stairwell with more than three million variables, which is solved within minutes on a personal computer.
Review of the research on hydropolitics in Cambodia
Authors: Chu Ta‐Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResearch on hydropolitics in Cambodia emerged in the early 2000s. Since then, scholars in the field have diversified their analytical approaches and broadened the scope of the issues being examined. However, no systematic review of this body of research has been published until now. Correspondingly and quite simply, the objective of this paper is to review the research on hydropolitics in Cambodia. Through the lens of human security, I argue that the research has relied on a human‐centered analytical approach and has, thus, acquired three central characteristics: (1) the human‐centered analytical approach gives the research a stronger connection to the reality on the ground than is the case with research rooted in the conventional security approach, which adheres to the Westphalian practice of statism and a militaristic focus; (2) the research has generated some valuable findings (e.g., dam‐affected villagers can be their own security contributors; not all environmental nongovernmental organizations are anti‐dam); and (3) the research has generally overlooked the Cambodian People's Party government's alternately pro‐dam and anti‐dam stances.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Water Governance
Human Water > Rights to Water
Policy options to reduce patient visits in specialized service centers: A case study in speciality and subspeciality clinics in Iran
Authors: Doshmangir Leila , Doshmangir Parinaz , Beyrami Hossein Jabbari , Alizadeh Gisoo , Gordeev Vladimir Sergeevich 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHospital congestion, delayed discharge, and bypassing primary care facilities are challenges facing the Iranian health‐care sector. We conducted a case study at the Sheikh al‐Rais Specialty Clinic, Tabriz, Iran, to find plausible, practical policy options for designing and implementing a referral system to reduce and regulate referral volumes to this clinic. We first reviewed the evidence on existing options of hospital congestion and unnecessary referral reduction by conducting a scoping literature review and then supplemented the findings with 18 semistructured interviews. We examined the perspectives of service users and experts in the field. Six practical policy options were identified: institutionalization of the referral system and family physician program, reinforcing gatekeeping system, use of telemedicine, utilization of educational algorithms, implementation of electronic health records, and establishing specialized clinics in different city areas. Local context adaptation, ensuring the availability of resources, political support, and feasibility are critical factors for successful policy implementation.
Unexpected C−F activation during redox transmetallation with silverN,N′‐bis(2,6‐difluorophenyl)formamidinate
Authors: Guo Zhifang , Deacon Glen B. , Junk Peter C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe trivalent lanthanoid formamidinates, [Yb2(DFForm)4F2(py)2] ⋅ CH3CN (1) (DFForm=N,N′‐bis(2,6‐difluorophenyl)formamidinate), and [La6(DFForm)8F8O(CH3CN)2] ⋅ 6CH3CN (2) have been prepared from redox transmetallation (RT) reactions employing lanthanoid metals and silver formamidinate (AgDFForm) in CH3CN. C−F activation was observed in both reactions. The structure of1is a fluorine bridged dimer with two seven‐coordinate ytterbium metal ions. Surprisingly the lanthanum complex is a trivalent cage with an unexpected central oxygen atom. [La6(DFForm)8F8O(CH3CN)2] ⋅ 6CH3CN (2) formed a 15 membered ring cage of six La atoms, eight F and one O at the centre. There are three different La3+ions in2with two different coordination numbers. All the La atoms are coordinated by four bridging fluorides and the central oxygen.
Scattered Data Approximation by LR B-Spline Surfaces: A Study on Refinement Strategies for Efficient Approximation
Authors: Skytt Vibeke , Dokken Tor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLocally refined B-spline (LRB) surfaces provide a representation that is well suited to scattered data approximation. When a data set has local details in some areas and is largely smooth elsewhere, LR B-splines allow the spatial distribution of degrees of freedom to follow the variations of the data set. An LRB surface approximating a data set is refined in areas where the accuracy does not meet a required tolerance. In this paper we address, in a systematic study, different LRB refinement strategies and polynomial degrees for surface approximation. We study their influence on the resulting data volume and accuracy when applied to geospatial data sets with different structural behaviour. The relative performance of the refinement strategies is reasonably coherent for the different data sets and this paper concludes with some recommendations. An overall evaluation indicates that bi-quadratic LRB are preferable for the use cases tested, and that the strategies we denote as “full span" have the overall best performance.
Mappings, Models, Abstraction, and Imaging: Mathematical Contributions to Modern Thinking Circa 1900
Authors: Ferreirós José 
Published: August 2022

Abstract1921, Vienna and Leipzig: the journal Annalen der Naturphilosophie, edited by chemist Wilhelm Ostwald, publishes a hard-to-classify paper, an essay written in aphorisms about knowledge and its limits, about the world and “what cannot be spoken of,” polished during the Great War by Ludwig Wittgenstein. In this terse and difficult writing, barely 78 pages, one finds an attempt to definitively clarify main philosophical questions. At the core of this reflection is logic and its link with the world, a topic articulated around the notions of Bild, image or figure, and Abbildung, figuration or representation, mapping. Wittgenstein’s entire attempt is unequivocally modernist in spirit, an exemplary specimen of a cultural shift intensified by the horrendous war. In those years one started to talk about structures in different fields, not least within mathematics, and the new architectonic efforts look for purity of lines, a purist functionalism linked (surprisingly or not) to an intense search for transcendence. This can be applied, e.g., to Wassily Kandinsky’s canvases or the scores of Anton Webern but applies in no lesser degree to the beautiful “Tractatus logico-philosophicus.”
Matrices—Compensating the Loss of Anschauung
Authors: Gramelsberger Gabriele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the nineteenth century, critical comments against the eighteenth century Kantian turn to Anschauung in mathematical science emerged. Immanuel Kant’s concept of intuition (Anschauung) guaranteed mathematics’ ontological relevance when referring to the world. This was particularly the case as the basis for the experimental science ex datis of Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton.
The Great Yogurt Project: Models and Symmetry Principles in Early Particle Physics
Authors: Borrelli Arianna 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAccording to the received view of the development of particle physics, mathematics, and more specifically group theory, provided the key which, between the late 1950s and the early 1960s, allowed scientists to achieve both a deeper physical understanding and an empirically successful modeling of particle phenomena. Indeed, a posteriori it has even been suggested that just by looking at diagrams of observed particle properties (see Fig. 1) one could have recognized in them the structures of specific groups (see Fig. 2). However, a closer look at theoretical practices of the 1950s and early 1960s reveals a tension between the employment of advanced mathematical tools and the “modeling” of observation, if the term “model” is understood as a construction allowing for the fitting and predicting of phenomena. As we shall see, the most empirically successful schemes, such as the “Gell-Mann and Nishijima model” or the “eightfold way”, were mathematically very simple, made no use of group-theoretical notions and for quite a time resisted all attempts to transform them into more refined mathematical constructs. Indeed, the theorists who proposed them had little or no interest in abstract approaches to mathematical practice. On the other hand, there were a number of particle theorists who did care about and employ group-theoretical notions, yet not primarily as tools to fit phenomena, but rather as a guide to uncover the fundamental principles of particle interactions. Moreover, these theorists did not regard all groups as epistemically equivalent, and instead clearly preferred those transformations related to space-time invariances over all others. These authors also often made a distinction between purely descriptive “models” and the “theories” they were (unsuccessfully) trying to build and which in their opinion would provide a deeper understanding of nature. Nonetheless, they expected their “theories”, too, to be empirically successful in describing observation, and thus to also function as “models”. In this sense, like their less mathematically-inclined colleagues, they also saw no clear-cut distinction between “modeling” and “theorizing” particle phenomena. In my paper I will discuss the development of these theoretical practices between the 1950s and the early 1960s as examples of the complex relationship between mathematics and the conceptualization of physical phenomena, arguing that, at least in this case, no general statements are possible on the relationship of mathematics and models. At that time, very different mathematical practices coexisted and the epistemic attitudes of physicists towards theoretical constructs could depend both on the assumptions and goals of the individual authors and on the specific mathematical methods and concepts linked to the constructs.
GWAS to Identify SNPs Associated with Common Diseases and Individual Risk: Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) to Identify SNPs Associated with Common Diseases and Individual Risk
Authors: Hettiarachchi Gaya , Komar Anton A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAssociation studies have enabled the exploration of alternative, more efficient methods for early detection, prevention and treatment of diseases by providing valuable insight into their genetic foundation. Genome wide association studies (GWASs) have been particularly informative with respect to complex diseases whose manifestation depends on a multitude of genetic and environmental factors. In these studies, common Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are used to locate and identify regions of the genome that may be causative of common complex diseases. These studies have uncovered a number of loci of interest for several diseases and have also allowed for the development of genetic counseling with improved individual disease risk assessment. With the more accurate prediction of the probability of disease development, progression and treatment success, GWASs have also brought about the age of personalized medicine. Despite these promising outcomes, skepticism concerning the power of these studies and their impact on patient care exists. This uncertainty stems from the many inherent limitations of this relatively young technique. This chapter explores the underlying concepts of GWASs, their contributions to research, clinical and commercial development, and their limitations with the hopes of providing a better understanding of the impact of these SNP-based association studies can have on public health.
Hidden symmetries and large N factorisation for permutation invariant matrix observables
Authors: Barnes George , Padellaro Adrian , Ramgoolam Sanjaye 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Permutation invariant polynomial functions of matrices have previously been studied as the observables in matrix models invariant under SN, the symmetric group of all permutations of N objects. In this paper, the permutation invariant matrix observables (PIMOs) of degree k are shown to be in one-to-one correspondence with equivalence classes of elements in the diagrammatic partition algebra Pk (N). On a 4-dimensional subspace of the 13-parameter space of SN invariant Gaussian models, there is an enhanced O(N) symmetry. At a special point in this subspace, is the simplest O(N) invariant action. This is used to define an inner product on the PIMOs which is expressible as a trace of a product of elements in the partition algebra. The diagram algebra Pk (N) is used to prove the large N factorisation property for this inner product, which generalizes a familiar large N factorisation for inner products of matrix traces invariant under continuous symmetries.
Infinite families of manifolds of positive $$k\mathrm{th}$$-intermediate Ricci curvature with k small
Authors: Domínguez-Vázquez Miguel , González-Álvaro David , Mouillé Lawrence 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPositive $$k\mathrm{th}$$

k
th

-intermediate Ricci curvature on a Riemannian n-manifold, to be denoted by $${{\,\mathrm{Ric}\,}}_k>0$$

Ric

k

>
0

, is a condition that interpolates between positive sectional and positive Ricci curvature (when $$k =1$$

k
=
1

and $$k=n-1$$

k
=
n
-
1

respectively). In this work, we produce many examples of manifolds of $${{\,\mathrm{Ric}\,}}_k>0$$

Ric

k

>
0

with k small by examining symmetric and normal homogeneous spaces, along with certain metric deformations of fat homogeneous bundles. As a consequence, we show that every dimension $$n\ge 7$$

n
≥
7

congruent to $$3\,{{\,\mathrm{mod}\,}}4$$

3

mod

4

supports infinitely many closed simply connected manifolds of pairwise distinct homotopy type, all of which admit homogeneous metrics of $${{\,\mathrm{Ric}\,}}_k>0$$

Ric

k

>
0

for some $$k<n/2$$

k
<
n
/
2

. We also prove that each dimension $$n\ge 4$$

n
≥
4

congruent to 0 or $$1\,{{\,\mathrm{mod}\,}}4$$

1

mod

4

supports closed manifolds which carry metrics of $${{\,\mathrm{Ric}\,}}_k>0$$

Ric

k

>
0

with $$k\le n/2$$

k
≤
n
/
2

, but do not admit metrics of positive sectional curvature.
A delay induced nonlocal free boundary problem
Authors: Du Yihong , Fang Jian , Sun Ningkui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study the dynamics of a population with an age structure whose population range expands with time, where the adult population is assumed to satisfy a reaction–diffusion equation over a changing interval determined by a Stefan type free boundary condition, while the juvenile population satisfies a reaction–diffusion equation whose evolving domain is determined by the adult population. The interactions between the adult and juvenile populations involve a fixed time-delay, which renders the model nonlocal in nature. After establishing the well-posedness of the model, we obtain a rather complete description of its long-time dynamical behaviour, which is shown to follow a spreading–vanishing dichotomy. When spreading persists, we show that the population range expands with an asymptotic speed, which is uniquely determined by an associated nonlocal elliptic problem over the half line. We hope this work will inspire further research on age-structured population models with an evolving population range.