bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Registration of ‘Lustre’ durum wheat
Authors: Hogg Andrew C. , Carr Patrick , Eberly Jed , Chen Chengci , Kowatch‐Carlson Calla , Crutcher Frankie , Lamb Peggy , McNamara Kyla , Haney Eleri , Kephart Ken , Smith Valerie , Dykes Linda , Chen Xianming , Huang Li , Giroux Mike 
Published: August 2022

Abstract‘Lustre’ (Reg. no. CV‐1193, PI 695072) is a spring durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.)] developed by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2020. Lustre was bred using the single seed descent method and was selected for its yield performance under dryland conditions across Montana, low grain Cd accumulation, good pasta firmness, high grain protein, high yellow semolina color, and low semolina ash. Lustre performs well in both the north central and northeast regions of Montana, where most Montana durum is produced and intended for pasta production. Lustre has similar stripe rust tolerance and susceptibility as top‐grown durum cultivars in the state with susceptibility at the seedling stage and high‐temperature adult‐plant resistance. Lustre is moderately susceptible to Fusarium head blight like other durum cultivars. Lustre is resistant to the predominant races of stem and leaf rust and is moderately tolerant to fungal leaf spot complex. Lustre is approximately 89 cm tall, with a yellow green color and a heading date 1 d later than the cultivar ‘Mountrail’. Lustre has an erect flag leaf and an erect tapering head having white glumes and awns.
The effects of walking training with poles on walking ability: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ono Koji , Nishimoto Junji , Imura Takeshi , Mitsutake Tsubasa , Inoue Yu , Tanaka Shigeharu , Tanaka Ryo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to consolidate the level of evidence for the effects of walking training with poles (pole walking; PW) on walking ability using a systematic review and meta‐analysis.TypeSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Literature SurveyDatabases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi were searched on June 20, 2021.MethodologyData from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of PW with walking without poles and/or other exercise interventions in disease‐specific and aging populations were collected. Data on walking speed, functional mobility, and walking endurance were collected for the meta‐analyses. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from postintervention means and standard deviations. The PEDro scale was used for assessing the risk of bias, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to determine the quality of evidence.SynthesisThis study included 13 RCTs comprising 750 participants; of these, six RCTs were included in the meta‐analysis. The results showed that moderate‐quality evidence supports the positive effects of PW on walking speed in patients with Parkinson disease (walking speed: SMD = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.04–0.80). In contrast, PW did not significantly improve functional mobility in patients with Parkinson disease and walking speed in older adults.ConclusionsThere was moderate‐quality evidence that PW improved walking speed in patients with Parkinson disease.
Stability, atomic charges, bond‐order analysis, and the directionality of lone‐electron pairs on nitriles and isocyanides
Authors: Cheng Xueli , Li Feng , Zhao Yanyun , Cheng Xiaoyu , Nie Kun , Han Yinfeng , Yang Yongjuan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe carbon atoms in :CN and the nitrogen atoms in CN: are always the global electrostatic minima in the whole molecules of nitriles and isocyanides. The global molecular electrostatic potential minima (Vmin) values and the electrostatic potential isosurfaces higher than Vmin by 10 kcal/mol were investigated and visualized based on the optimized geometrical structures at B3LYP‐D3(BJ)/def2‐QZVP level for a series of nitriles and isocyanides with the selected 21 functional groups. The relative stability between RCN: and :CNR was quantified with isomerization energies and bond dissociation enthalpies by single‐point energy (SPE) calculations at B2PLYP‐D3(BJ)/cc‐pVTZ level. The bond dissociation enthalpies of RCN: were evaluated, and the standard molar enthalpies of formation for RCN: and R· were also calculated to estimate the bond dissociation enthalpies. The theoretical results show that the directionality of the lone pairs influences electrostatic distribution. The population analyses in terms of Hirshfeld and ADCH atomic charges and bond‐order analyses via Laplacian and fuzzy bond orders were also discussed in detail.
Multiple instance convolutional neural network for gallbladder assessment from laparoscopic images
Authors: Loukas Constantinos , Gazis Athanasios , Schizas Dimitrios 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe present an artificial intelligence framework for vascularity classification of the gallbladder (GB) wall from intraoperative images of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).MethodsA two‐stage Multiple Instance Convolutional Neural Network is proposed. First, a convolutional autoencoder is trained to extract feature representations from 4585 patches of GB images. The second model includes a multi‐instance encoder that fetches random patches from a GB region and outputs an equal number of embeddings that feed a multi‐input classification module, which employs pooling and self‐attention mechanisms, to perform prediction.ResultsThe evaluation was performed on 234 GB images of low and high vascularity from 68 LC videos. Thorough comparison with various state‐of‐the‐art multi‐instance and single‐instance learning algorithms was performed for two experimental tasks: image‐ and video‐level classification. The proposed framework shows the best performance with accuracy 92.6%–93.2% and F1 93.5%–93.9%, close to the agreement of two expert evaluators (94%).ConclusionsThe proposed technique provides a novel approach to classify LC operations with respect to the vascular pattern of the GB wall.
A Comparative Case Study of Engineers' Literacy Practices and Implications for Transformative Disciplinary Literacy Pedagogies in Engineering Education
Authors: Wilson‐Lopez Amy , Minichiello Angela , Green Theresa , Hartman Christina , Garlick Jared 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this comparative case study, conducted with eight engineers in different firms who specialized in different disciplines of engineering, was to identify and describe the patterned ways in which they used written genres in the context of object‐oriented activity, as well as to describe their evaluative frameworks and literacy practices. The research team used descriptive coding to analyze field notes from twelve two‐hour observations per engineer; they also used categorical thematic analysis to analyze transcripts from six interviews and retrospective protocols per engineer. The analyses indicated that, to some extent, engineers read and wrote distinct written genres that varied according to their role (e.g., quality assurance manager versus test designer) and the traditions of their discipline (e.g., electrical versus mechanical). However, across sites, roles, and disciplines, they used common evaluative frameworks when they evaluated texts’ accuracy, consistency, adherence to standards, currency, executability, reproducibility, concision, and clarity. In conjunction with these evaluative frameworks, engineers also enacted common literacy practices, such as cross‐checking, peer review, using templates when composing, and verifying with the physical world. The study concludes with implications for transformative, rather than reproductive, disciplinary literacy pedagogies in which students can use expansive disciplinary literacies in engineering to address issues that are important to them. As part of these pedagogies, students can articulate why common evaluative frameworks and literacy practices are important to producing safe outcomes in engineering, while they simultaneously expand these frameworks and practices to reflect values and cultures that are important to them.
Beyond tree cover: Characterizing southern China's forests using deep learning
Authors: Li Qian , Yue Yuemin , Liu Siyu , Brandt Martin , Chen Zhengchao , Tong Xiaowei , Wang Kelin , Chang Jingyi , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMapping forests with satellite images at local to global scale is done on a routine basis, but to go beyond the mapping of forest cover and towards characterizing forests according to their types, species and use, requires a dense time‐series of images. This knowledge is important, because ecological and economic values differ between forests. A new generation of low cost very high spatial resolution satellite images and the advent of deep learning enables improved abilities for distinguishing objects based on their structure, which could potentially also be applied to map different forest classes related to type, species and use. Here we use GF‐1 images at 2 m resolution and map six forest classes including different planted species for the karst region in southwest China, covering 806,900 km2. We compare the results with field data and show that accuracies range between 78% and 90%. We show a dominance of plantations (15%) and secondary forests (70%), and only remnants of natural forests (6%). The possibility to map forest classes based on their crown structure derived from low cost very high‐resolution satellite imagery paves the road towards sustainable forest management and restoration activities, supporting the creation of connected habitats, increasing biodiversity and improved carbon storage. No temporal information is needed for our approach, which saves costs and leads to rapid results that can be updated at a high temporal frequency.
Production and Characterization of PLA/HA/GO Nanocomposite Scaffold
Authors: Oktay Busra , Ahlatcıoğlu Özerol Esma , Sahin Ali , Gunduz Oguzhan , Ustundag Cem Bulent 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) composite nanofibers combined with hydroxyapatite (HA) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were produced by electrospinning to create excellent biodegradable and durable scaffolds to be used in tissue engineering. The properties of the pure PLA, PLA/HA, PLA/GO, and PLA/HA/GO nanocomposite scaffolds were analyzed in chemical, morphological, mechanical, and biocompatibility. Morphology and composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. To predict the cytocompatibility of these scaffolds, HFF‐1 cells were cultured and the respective cell adhesion and proliferation were investigated by fluorescence microscopy, SEM, and MTT assay. FTIR results showed the successful synthesis of HA and GO nanoparticles. SEM images showed that the PLA/HA/GO scaffold is ideal for cell attachment and proliferation in tissue regeneration. Mechanical test results showed that the tensile strength and elastic modulus of PLA nanofibers could be increased by adding 0,8 wt % HA and 0,4 wt % GO. The PLA/HA/GO scaffold exhibited the highest tensile strength of other scaffolds. MTT assay revealed that the PLA/HA/GO scaffold showed significantly high biocompatibility with 105 % cell viability. Therefore, PLA/HA/GO scaffold with 0,8 wt %HA and 0,4 wt %GO possessing high tensile strength as well as good cell proliferation is an excellent and versatile biomaterial for tissue engineering applications.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Umifenovir Analogues as Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Agents
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Miyagi Seiya , Yoshida Yusuke , Lamb Justin Steven , Chick Christian Nanga , Luhata Lokadi Pierre , Shibata Mizuho , Tanaka Eri , Suzuki Yumiko , Usuki Toyonobu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe unprecedented novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is a threat to global health and the economy. Since the outbreak of COVID‐19, great effort has been made to reposition existing drugs to shorten development timelines, in addition to vaccine development and drug discovery campaigns. Umifenovir is a broad‐spectrum antiviral agent used to treat influenza in China and Russia and is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of COVID‐19. In this article, the synthesis of umifenovir analogues and their biological evaluation are reported. The inhibitory activities of analogues against the binding of the spike glycoprotein (S‐protein) of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) to the ACE2 receptor, which is a possible mode of action for umifenovir to inhibit viral infection, were investigated.
Rap‐Stoermer Reaction: TEA Catalyzed One‐Pot Efficient Synthesis of Benzofurans and Optimization of Different Reaction Conditions
Authors: Koca Murat , Ertürk Ali S. , Bozca Osman 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe reaction of substituted salicylaldehydes with α‐haloketones to obtain benzofuran‐2‐yl (Alkyl/aryl) ketones, which is a Dickman type aldol condensation product in base, solvent, and temperature environment, is called as Rap‐Stoermer reaction. In this study, a series of Benzofuran‐2‐yl (Alkyl/ aryl) ketones was synthesized by heating substituted salicylaldehydes and α‐haloketones under solvent‐free sealed (closed vessel) conditions by using triethyleamine (TEA) as a novel base catalyst in good to excellent yields (81–97 %) at 130 °C and the obtained results compared with the existing literature. The reaction conditions were optimized in terms of yield, time, base, solvent temperature, stoichiometric ratios, and synthesis environments (open or closed vessels). The optimized protocol offers promising advantages such as solvent‐free and clean reaction media, short reaction time, no byproducts, and appreciable high yields for the prospective studies. Characterization of the synthesized compounds was performed by using spectroscopic methods such as ATR‐FTIR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and LC‐MS.
Links between well‐being and sleep while awaiting breast biopsy results
Authors: Sweeny Kate , Medina Janine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPoor sleep is associated with several negative consequences, including poor health, depression, anxiety, and memory deficits, among others. Although the link from sleep to health and well‐being is well‐established, fewer studies have examined the reverse relationship. The current study examined the role of one particular challenge to well‐being, stressful uncertainty, in the association between well‐being and sleep quantity and quality. Female patients (n = 120 for the purpose of analyses) awaiting the results of a breast biopsy participated in an initial interview at their biopsy appointment and then completed daily surveys at home each day until they received their results. Patients who reported poorer well‐being on various measures also reported poorer and less sleep on average during the wait for biopsy results, even after controlling for individual differences and well‐being at the biopsy appointment. However, when patients experienced positive emotions on a given day, they tended to sleep better that night. Our findings suggest that stressful uncertainty about one's health may have detrimental effects on sleep, but positive emotions may improve sleep during stressful waiting periods.
Superficial shaving combined with photodynamic therapy is effective as a treatment for condyloma acuminatum
Authors: Pan Jie , Chen Mingliang , Zhao Shuang , Su Juan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCondyloma acuminatum is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus. Its prevalence and recurrence rates are high. While there are multiple treatment options for condyloma acuminatum, no single therapy form is effective in achieving complete remission. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was shown to be very promising as a treatment option for condyloma acuminatum. However, for some patients the therapeutic result after a single PDT session is not satisfactory. Thus, it is necessary to develop an effective treatment method for recalcitrant condyloma acuminatum.We hypothesize that suboptimal therapeutic results after a single PDT may be caused by an insufficient penetration of the photosensitizer into the tissue. Here, we applied a combination of superficial shaving and PDT to address this issue. All patients were satisfied with the effect of the treatment, and their quality of life improved significantly. Pain was the major adverse event during treatment but was acceptable to all patients. Therefore, superficial shaving in combination with PDT is safe and effective.
Pathogenicity of a novel classical swine fever LOM vaccine‐derived virus isolated on Jeju Island, South Korea
Authors: Jang Guehwan , Kim Joo‐Ah , Park Changnam , Song Kyungok , Kang Won‐Myoung , Yang Kyungsu , Lee Changhee 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundReemergent local outbreaks of classical swine fever (CSF) occurred simultaneously in multiple pig farms on CSF‐free Jeju Island, South Korea, in 2014 because of inadvertent injection of a commercial CSF (LOM) vaccine into pregnant sows. The LOM virus has since spread across the island and has become endemic in Jeju herds, raising concern about possible reversion to the virulence of the LOM vaccine. We previously isolated LOM‐derived field CSF virus (CSFV) strains with unique insertion‐deletion (INDEL) mutations in the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR), designated LOM‐derived Jeju 3′‐UTR INDEL variants, from CSF‐recurrent swine farms on Jeju Island in 2019.MethodsThe present study conducted animal experiments to investigate whether a 2019 emergent LOM 3′‐UTR INDEL variant, KNU‐1905, has reverted to a pathogenic form in conventional pigs (n = 10).ResultsExperimental animal infection showed that pigs inoculated with the commercial LOM vaccine strain developed no adverse effects compared to the sham‐infected pigs. However, KNU‐1905 displayed pathogenic characteristics in pigs, including clinical symptoms (e.g., lethargy, conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, and diarrhoea), weight loss, and gross lesions. Moreover, viremia, virus shedding in faeces and nasal fluids, and viral loads in various tissues of all the KNU‐1905‐infected pigs were highly significant, in contrast to those of the LOM‐infected group in which CSFV RNA was detected only in the serum, nasal, and tonsil samples of one identical pig.ConclusionsOverall, the LOM‐derived field isolate with molecular variations induced clinical adverse events in pigs, which commonly shed considerable amounts of CSFV. This study provides evidence that the genetic evolution of the LOM‐derived CSFV circulating on Jeju Island might have allowed the LOM vaccine to recover its primary prototype and that these variants might have induced chronic or persistent infection in pigs that can shed CSFV in field farms leading to a risk of transmission among pigs or farms in this former CSF‐free region.
OECM 1.5 °C Pathway for the Global Energy Supply
Authors: Teske Sven , Pregger Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter summarizes all the calculated energy demands for the industry, service, transport, and building sectors. The supply side results for the OECM 1.5 °C scenario are documented. Electricity generation and the power generation required globally are provided by technology, together with the corresponding renewable and fossil energy shares. A detailed overview of the heat demand by sector, the heat temperature levels required for industrial process heat, and the OECM 1.5 °C heat supply trajectories by technology are presented, in both total generation and installed capacities. The calculated global final and primary energy demands, carbon intensities by source, and energy-related CO2emissions by sector are given. Finally, the chapter provides the global carbon budgets by sector.
Scopes 1, 2, and 3 Industry Emissions and Future Pathways
Authors: Teske Sven , Nagrath Kriti , Niklas Sarah , Talwar Simran , Atherton Alison , Orbe Jaysson Guerrero , Assaf Jihane , Giurco Damien 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions analysed in the OECM are defined and are presented for the 12 sectors analysed: (1) energy, (2) power and gas utilities, (3) transport, (4) steel industry, (5) cement industry, (6) farming, (7) agriculture and forestry, (8) chemical industry, (9) aluminium industry, (10) construction and buildings, (11) water utilities, and (12) textiles and leather industry. The interconnections between all energy-related CO2 emissions are summarized with a Sankey graph.
Science-Based Industry Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Targets: Defining the Challenge
Authors: Teske Sven , Pregger Thomas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground information is given on the Paris Climate Agreement and the role of nationally determined contributions and net-zero pledges. An overview of historical energy-related CO2 emissions since 1750 and how they relate to economic development, measured in gross domestic product (GDP), is provided, together with the cumulative energy-related CO2 emissions by region. The future energy demand if historical trends in energy efficiency and carbon intensity continue until 2050 is projected. The term ‘science-based target setting’ is defined, and how it relates to the carbon budget published in the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC is discussed. The energy-related CO2 emission pathway required to achieve the 1.5 °C target is outlined.
Decarbonisation Pathways for Buildings
Authors: Chatterjee Souran , Kiss Benedek , Ürge-Vorsatz Diana , Teske Sven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis section documents the development of four different energy demand pathways on the basis of the high-efficiency buildings (HEB) model of the Central European University. The assumptions and the scenario narratives are derived and the results provided in numerous graphs and tables. Of the four derived scenarios, two are selected for the OECM and the selection criteria are justified. The results in terms of the global energy demand and energy-related CO2 emissions are provided in tables.
Case Study: Philippines. Recognising Green Skills for Environmental and Sustainable Development in Four Selected Industries
Authors: Talavera Elmer 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents a study on the identification and recognition of knowledge, skills and competencies required to convert and maintain green enterprises in a Philippine context and in the light of Philippine policies, legislation and investments to stimulate the development of new green markets. It examines the use of ‘green’ practices in enterprises, the benefits and challenges in the application of such practices, the extent to which respondent micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have identified the green skills requirements and whether skills recognition mechanisms such as job cards or other portfolio systems have been put in place as part of recognition processes and workplace training programmes. This chapter begins by giving an overview of the Philippine economy and society and the role of MSMEs in four dynamically developing industry sectors namely, automotive, catering, PVC manufacturing and waste management. Given the environmental challenges and problems faced by enterprises in these sectors, the study looks at the extent to which the government’s green job policies, laws, qualifications framework, training regulations and standards address environmental challenges and problems faced by enterprises. The study thus examines connections between macro policies, rules, laws and regulations and micro-level application through practices and green skills and their recognition through recognition mechanisms.