bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative Consequences of Pressure on Marksmanship May be Offset by Early Training Exposure to Contextually Relevant Threat Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cooper Daniel , Fuller Joel , Wiggins Mark W. , Wills Jodie A. , Main Luana C. , Doyle Tim 
Published: April 2022

Objective The purpose of this meta-analytic review is to examine the relationship between increased psychological pressure and Use of Force (UOF) behaviours, identifying current training methodologies and effectiveness of transfer of training interventions in high threat-simulated scenarios. Background Data from UOF performance within Law Enforcement indicates a low transfer of marksmanship training into real-world UOF, resulting in unnecessary damage to property, personal injury and increased risk to loss of life. This meta-analysis examines both the impact of increased pressure and current training interventions. Method A meta-analysis was conducted across a wide range of published research to answer the primary research questions. Results Increased levels of perceived pressure demonstrated an average decrease in marksmanship accuracy of 14.8%, together with a small increase in incorrect Decision Making (DM) and faster reaction Times (RT). Experience demonstrated a mitigating effect for pressure for marksmanship with a 1.1% increase for every one year of service but no effect on DM or RT. Training interventions utilizing a variety of early contextually relevant exposures to increased pressure improved performance over traditional training on average by 10.6%. Conclusion The outcomes illustrate the negative effect of pressure on marksmanship and UOF behaviours, and that early exposure to contextually relevant pressure may increase the transfer of training to real-world performance. Application Occupational experience is an important component in reducing the impact of pressure on UOF performance, and transfer of training may be enhanced through training methodologies that combine early exposure to contextually relevant pressure, that may replicate the benefits of experience.
Compliance of Private Pharmacy Retail Outlets to Narcotic Drug Regulations in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional and Simulated Client Study Method
Authors: Kasahun Asmamaw Emagn , Woldeyohanins Alem Endeshaw , kifle Zemene Demelash , Abebe Rahel Belete , Ergena Asrat Elias , Demeke Chilot Abiyu 
Published: April 2022

Background: Inappropriate use of narcotic drugs is a growing worldwide health challenge. The problem is even worse in Sub-Saharan Africa where organized supply chain regulations on dispensing and stock management are poor for controlling these global challenges. Methods: A mixed method, descriptive cross-sectional and simulated client study design was used from September 10, 2020 to November 26, 2020 to assess the extent of utilization and compliance of narcotic drug dispensing in private pharmacy retail outlets of Gondar and Bahir Dar town of Amhara region, Ethiopia. A total of 107 private pharmacy outlets were on duty. But in simulated study, purposive sampling is a method that prioritizes study units having the data of interest. Results: A total of 107 private pharmacy retails outlets were included in the survey. The average compliance to the controlled prescription regulation of Ethiopia in all pharmacy outlets (107) of the five drugs were calculated and found to be poor, 23.9% (SD = 18.3%). Compliance to strong narcotics is extremely low, 3.3 % for pethidine and 8% for morphine. Religion of the professionals has significant association with compliance to the prescription of narcotic drugs (p < .001). Discussion: In the era of narcotic epidemics, as a result of growing global inappropriate use of controlled drugs, the finding of this study gives an insight for a serious and strict regulation in managing and controlling the overall distribution of the narcotic drugs. Conclusions: The compliance of the private retail pharmacies of Ethiopia to the regulation of controlled drugs is low.
C-reactive protein predicts early clinical outcomes and long-term mortality after left ventricular assisted device
Authors: Tie Hongtao , Shi Rui , Welp Henryk , Martens Sven , Li Zhenhan , Sindermann Jürgen , Martens Sabrina 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation has become a reliable therapeutic strategy in patients with advanced heart failure. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-established biomarker of inflammation. This study aims to determine the prognostic effect of CRP level on clinical outcomes of patients who undergo LVAD implantation. Methods: This is a single-center, observational, retrospective study. One hundred fifty-three patients who received continuous-flow LVAD implantation were included and were divided into two groups of high (>3.9 mg/dL) versus low CRP (⩽3.9 mg/dL). Results: Patients with high pre-implant CRP levels were prone to severe preoperative clinical conditions and complicated intraoperative procedures. Compared with patients in the low CRP group, elevated pre-implant CRP was associated with increased hospital mortality (31.4% vs 8.4%, p < 0.001), postoperative right ventricular failure (47.1% vs 30.1%, p = 0.031), right ventricular assist device use (34.3% vs 16.9%, p = 0.013), AKI (70% vs 51.8%, p = 0.022) and significantly prolonged duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit length of stay. Univariate Cox regression showed that high pre-implant CRP was significantly associated with increased risk of long-term mortality (Hazard ratio (HR) 2.632 95%; CI: 1.657–4.183, p < 0.001), and multivariable Cox regression also revealed the higher risk of long-term mortality in patients with elevated pre-implant CRP (HR, 2.848 95%CI: 1.659–4.888, p < 0.001). These results remained stable when treating pre-implant CRP as a continuous variable. Besides, the prognostic effect of post-implant CRP was also observed. Conclusions: CRP is a reliable risk-stratification biomarker in patients receiving continuous-flow -LVAD and can be used as a predictor for short- and long-term outcomes.
Birth Experiences, Breastfeeding, and the Mother-Child Relationship: Evidence from a Large Sample of Mothers
Authors: Davis Abi M. B. , Sclafani Valentina 
Published: April 2022

Background It is a priority for public health professionals to improve global breastfeeding rates, which have remained low in Western countries for more than a decade. Few researchers have addressed how maternal perceptions of birth experiences affect infant feeding methods. Furthermore, mixed results have been shown in research regarding breastfeeding and mother-child bonding, and many studies are limited by small sample sizes, representing a need for further investigation. Purpose We aimed to examine the relationship between subjective birth experiences and breastfeeding outcomes, and explored whether breastfeeding affected mother-infant bonding. Methods 3,080 mothers up to three years postpartum completed a cross – sectional survey. Results Mothers who had more positive birth experiences were more likely to report breastfeeding their babies. Moreover, mothers who perceived their birth as more positive were more likely to breastfeed their child for a longer period (over 9 months) than those who had more negative experiences. In line with recent research, breastfeeding behaviours were not associated with reported mother-infant bonding. Conclusions Mothers who reported better birth experiences were most likely to breastfeed, and breastfeed for longer. We find no evidence to suggest that feeding methods are associated with bonding outcomes.
Optimization of Medication Point-Of-Prescribing Alerts at a Multi-Site, Ambulatory Care Organization to Aid Clinical Care and Reduce HealthCare Cost
Authors: Nguyen Thu-Trang , Hollands Whitney , Zaiken Kathy 
Published: April 2022

Background Literature has shown the integration of electronic alerts into patient care has the potential to improve clinicians’ workflow by saving time, increasing efficiency, and improving patient safety. However, despite these possible benefits of alerts, studies have shown that alerts are often overridden by clinicians. Objective: The purpose of this study was to optimize the acceptance rates of medication point-of-prescribing alerts within the electronic medical record (EMR) of an ambulatory care organization. Methods: The study design evaluated the actions taken by clinicians when they were presented with medication point-of-prescribing alerts. These alerts were created by the clinical pharmacy informatics team to help promote cost-effective and safe prescribing. Alerts determined to be high value alerts were optimized to increase clinicians’ likelihood of accepting each alert’s recommended alternative. The primary objective was to increase acceptance rates of high value alerts. The exploratory objective was to identify the estimated annualized cost-savings when high value alerts were accepted, and a lower cost alternative prescription resulted. Results: The acceptance rate of the optimized point-of-prescribing alerts increased to 8.7%, compared to a 3.2% acceptance in the pre-modification period (P <.001). The lower cost alternative prescriptions that resulted from the accepted alerts translated into an estimated annualized cost-savings of over 2 million dollars. Conclusion: The use of point-of-prescribing alerts with optimized information and specific cost comparisons in an ambulatory setting led to an increase in the acceptance rates of the alerts and more cost-conscious prescribing.
Linguistic Adaptation and Cognitive Function in Older Chinese and Korean Immigrants in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jang Yuri , Choi Eun Young , Wu Bei , Dong XinQi , Kim Miyong T. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives To examine the cross-sectional association of linguistic adaptation with cognitive function, as well as its interactions with sociodemographic and health profiles in older Chinese and Korean immigrants in the U.S. Methods Using harmonized data ( N = 5063) from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE) and the Study of Older Korean Americans (SOKA), we examined between- and within-group differences in the role of linguistic adaptation (English use in older Chinese Americans and English proficiency in older Korean Americans) in cognitive function. Results The positive association between linguistic adaptation and cognitive function was common in both groups. We also found that the relationship was pronounced among subgroups with the underlying linguistic and cognitive vulnerabilities (i.e., the very old, women, those with low education, and newly immigrated individuals). Discussion Findings show the importance of linguistic adaptation in older immigrants’ cognitive health and suggest a need for targeted interventions for high-risk groups.
Effects of Y-27632 on the osteogenic and adipogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro
Authors: Xie Zhiwei , Xu Qiuping , Sun Lu , Li Ruijing , Shi Jizhou , Yang Qian , Zong Min , Qin Jianyong 
Published: April 2022

Background Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) possess mesenchymal stem cell properties, originating from migrating neural crest cells. hDPSCs have received extensive attention in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their accessibility and ability to differentiate in several cell phenotypes. In this study, we cultured hDPSCs with Y-27632 to observe their biological behaviors changes. Methods The hDPSCs were separately cultured with Y-27632 (0, 0.156, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5, 10, 20, 40 μm) for 24, 48, 72 h to select the suitable concentration and time using CCK-8. Then, the hDPSCs were cultured with 2.50 μm Y-27632 for 48 h to analyzed the biological behaviors changes by 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), plate cloning, transwell, scratch, and Annexin V FITC/PI assays, separately. Additionally, osteogenic calcium nodules and lipid droplets were analyzed using alizarin red staining and oil red O staining, respectively. qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of osteogenesis, adipogenesis, stemness maintenance, and inflammation related genes. Results The hDPSCs proliferation was significantly enhanced after cultured with 2.50 μm Y-27632 for 48 h, but there was no significant difference in migration and apoptosis. Observation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation abilities of hDPSCs, Y-27632 treatment clearly decreased the ALP activity and osteogenic differentiation ability, increased the adipogenic differentiation ability. Furthermore, Y-27632 decreased the CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, TLR4, and NF-κB p65 genes expression, but increased the IL-8 gene expression. Conclusions The biological behaviors of hDPSCs could be changed when they cultured with Y-27632.
In Search of ‘The India Way’: Ancient Indian Statecraft and Contemporary Geopolitics
Authors: Kamal Kajari 
Published: April 2022

Mark McClish, The History of the Arthashastra: Sovereignty and Sacred Law in Ancient India (Cambridge University Press, 2019). Pp. 306, ₹7486 (Hardcover). ISBN-10: 1108701744. Medha Bisht, Kautilya’s Arthashastra: Philosophy of Strategy (Routledge, 2020). Pp. 188, ₹13450 (Hardcover). ISBN: 9781138553071. S. Jaishankar, The India Way: Strategies for an Uncertain World (Harper Collins India, 2020). Pp. 226, ₹699 (Hardcover). ISBN: 9789353579791.
Arteriovenous fistula in predialysis chronic kidney disease patients and rate of decline of glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Pant Pragya , Sarkar Prattay , Kumar Amit , Prasad Kameshwar 
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To quantify the evidence for the role of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in predialysis CKD patients for the rate of decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Background: Pre-emptive placement of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in late-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is being advocated by all the major guidelines. Recent studies have suggested that pre-emptive AVF has a beneficial effect on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) also. Methods: We conducted a literature search to retrieve all published studies related to the effect of AVF on the rate of decline of GFR using the electronic databases Google Scholar, PubMed, Central, Cochrane Library, clinialtrial.gov. Screening of studies and data extraction were done according to the PRISMA guidelines. We used the NIH assessment tool for the methodological quality assessment of the included studies. Extracted data from the six studies were pooled and analyzed. Results: Six studies involving 3871 patients reported the effect of AVF creation on the rate of decline of GFR in late CKD patients. Evidence for statistically significant decline of eGFR after AVF creation compared to prior status (SMD −1.57, 95% CI −3.08 to −0.07, p < 0.001) was observed. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis observed preliminary evidence that the creation of AVF might have a potential added benefit in terms of estimated GFR improvement, though to a very small extent with a low level of certainty. More scientific data with high-quality studies are needed to substantiate this finding.
Recommendations for the use of propensity score methods in multiple sclerosis research
Authors: Simoneau Gabrielle , Pellegrini Fabio , Debray Thomas PA , Rouette Julie , Muñoz Johanna , Platt Robert W. , Petkau John , Bohn Justin , Shen Changyu , de Moor Carl , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul 
Published: April 2022

Background: With many disease-modifying therapies currently approved for the management of multiple sclerosis, there is a growing need to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of those therapies from real-world data sources. Propensity score methods have recently gained popularity in multiple sclerosis research to generate real-world evidence. Recent evidence suggests, however, that the conduct and reporting of propensity score analyses are often suboptimal in multiple sclerosis studies. Objectives: To provide practical guidance to clinicians and researchers on the use of propensity score methods within the context of multiple sclerosis research. Methods: We summarize recommendations on the use of propensity score matching and weighting based on the current methodological literature, and provide examples of good practice. Results: Step-by-step recommendations are presented, starting with covariate selection and propensity score estimation, followed by guidance on the assessment of covariate balance and implementation of propensity score matching and weighting. Finally, we focus on treatment effect estimation and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: This comprehensive set of recommendations highlights key elements that require careful attention when using propensity score methods.
Quality of Life of Prostate Cancer Survivors Participating in a Remotely Delivered Web-Based Behavioral Intervention Pilot Randomized Trial
Authors: Langlais Crystal S. , Chen Yea-Hung , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Kenfield Stacey A. , Kessler Elizabeth R. , Daniel Kimi , Ramsdill Justin W. , Beer Tomasz M. , Graff Rebecca E. , Paich Kellie , Chan June M. , Winters-Stone Kerri M. 
Published: April 2022

Background: Following a prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis, treatment-related symptoms may result in diminished quality of life (QoL). Improved diet and increased exercise may improve QoL in men with PC. Methods: We conducted a 4-arm pilot randomized trial to assess feasibility and acceptability of a 3-month web-based diet and exercise intervention, among men (>18 years of age) with PC (reported elsewhere). The purpose of this study is to describe the change in QoL measured by surveys (eg, QLQ-C30, PROMIS Fatigue) at enrollment and following the intervention. Men were randomized 1:1:1:1 to increasing levels of web-based behavioral support: Level 1: website; Level 2: Level 1 plus personalized diet and exercise prescription; Level 3: Levels 1-2 plus Fitbit and text messages; Level 4: Levels 1-3 plus 2 30-minute coaching calls. T-tests were used to compare pre-post change in mean QoL scores between each Level and Level 1. Results: Two hundred and two men consented and were randomized (n = 49, 51, 50, 52 for Levels 1-4, respectively). Men were predominantly white (93%), with a median age of 70 years (Intra-quartile Range [IQR]: 65,75) and 3 years (IQR: 1,9) post primary treatment for mostly localized disease (74% with T1-2). There were no meaningful changes in QoL, but there were notable trends. Level 3 participants had small improvements in QLQ-C30 Global Health (5.46; 95% CI: −0.02, 10.95) compared to Level 1. In contrast, Level 2 participants trended toward decreasing Global QoL (−2.31, 95% CI: −8.05, 3.42), which may reflect declines in function (eg, Cognitive: −6.94, 95% CI: −13.76, −0.13) and higher symptom burden (eg, Diarrhea: 4.63, 95% CI: −1.48, 10.74). Conclusions: This short, web-based intervention did not appear to have an impact on PC survivors’ QoL. Most men were several years past treatment for localized disease; the potential for this approach to reduce symptoms and improve QoL in men who have worse health may still be warranted.
Diversity as a Condition of Cultures: Querying Assumptions of Mainstream and Minorities in Education Policy and Curriculum
Authors: Saltmarsh Sue 
Published: April 2022

Highlights Discussions of diversity in relation to children's education are often characterized by binaries of same/different, mainstream/margins, inclusion/exclusion, self/Other. Curriculum remains a contested site in educational debate, with differing views about curriculum as reinforcing social norms, beliefs, and values, as addressing the learning and social needs of learners from a variety of backgrounds and worldviews, or as a hybrid of these. Policy and curriculum designed or intended to address diversity tend to rest on assumptions of majority or dominant cultures as homogenous and distinct from the cultures of minority Other/s. Inequality is often multidimensional, intersecting with, perpetuating, and reinforcing other inequalities and human rights violations affecting children and families. Understanding culture in terms of heterogenous practices of everyday life shifts the focus of discussion and debate toward more nuanced understandings of Otherness, difference and diversity as operating within, as well as between, cultures.
The Future of Value or the Value of the Future: Exploring New Horizons in Creating Value Through Futures Literacy
Authors: Calnan Martin 
Published: April 2022

The present article is an opinion piece exploring how futures literacy can contribute to expanding the field of research on value creation and reducing the gap between the need to act and our ability/willingness to do so. The question of value is at the heart of all the major challenges we face today, as is the role of finance. In this context, it is crucial to understand to what extent our ability to imagine and enact a future that goes beyond an incremental version of the past is limited by our current understanding of value and the role that finance plays in defining it. Grounded in the fields of anticipatory systems thinking and futures studies, futures literacy is the capability to detect and invent, sense and make-sense of novelty. Developed under the auspices of UNESCO and through the concerted actions of a global network of dedicated Chairs, it is a field-tested approach to empower everyone to use the future more effectively to expand the scope of choice in the present.
The impact of a comprehensive national policy on improving acute stroke patient care in Lithuania
Authors: Masiliūnas Rytis , Vilionskis Aleksandras , Bornstein Natan M , Rastenytė Daiva , Jatužis Dalius 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Reperfusion therapy (RT) is a mainstay treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to evaluate the impact of a comprehensive national policy (CNP) to improve access to RT for AIS patients across Lithuania. Patients and methods: Aggregated anonymized data on AIS cases treated in Lithuanian hospitals between 2006 and 2019 were retrospectively obtained from the Institute of Hygiene and the Stroke Integrated Care Management Committee. Through an interrupted time series analysis, we examined the trends in AIS hospital admissions, RT, and in-hospital case fatality rates prior to the enactment of CNP in 2014, changes immediately after the intervention, and differences in trends between the pre- and post-intervention periods. Mean yearly door-to-needle times were calculated post-intervention. Results: 114,436 cases were treated for AIS in Lithuanian hospitals before, and 65,084 after the government intervention. We observed a significant decreasing post-intervention trend change in AIS hospital admission rate per 100,000 population (regression coefficient ± standard error: β = –16.47 ± 3.95, p = 0.002) and an increasing trend change in the proportion of AIS patients who received reperfusion treatment: intravenous thrombolysis (β = 1.42 ± 0.96, p < 0.001) and endovascular therapy (β = 0.85 ± 0.05, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients treated in stroke centers increased immediately after the intervention (β = 4.95 ± 1.14, p = 0.001), but the long-term post-intervention trend did not change. In addition, there was a significant decreasing trend in all cause in-hospital case fatality rate within primary and comprehensive stroke centers after the intervention (β = –0.60 ± 0.18, p = 0.008) despite its prompt initial immediate increase (β = 1.68 ± 0.73, p = 0.043). The mean countrywide door-to-needle time decreased from 68 min in 2014 to 43 min in 2019. Conclusion: The comprehensive national stroke patient care policy could be associated with an immediate increase in stroke center treatment rate, increased access to RT, and improved stroke care performance measures.