bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the effect of Ni, Co and Fe doping concentrations on the antibacterial behaviors of MgO nanoparticles
Authors: Almontasser Asma , Parveen Azra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe divalent transition metal ions (Ni, Co, and Fe)-doped MgO nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction showed the MgO pure, single cubic phase of samples at 600 °C. Field emission electron microscope showed the uniform spherical shape of samples. The magnetic behavior of Ni, Co, Fe-doped MgO system were varied with Ni, Co, Fe content (0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07). The magnetic nature of pure had changed from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic. The number of oxygen vacancies increases with increasing amounts of dopant ions that lead to an ionic charge imbalance between Ni2+/Co2+/Fe2+ and Mg2+, leading to increase magnetic properties of the samples. The magnetic nature of prepared samples makes them suitable for biomedical applications. A comparative study of the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles against the Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus) was performed by disc diffusion, pour plate techniques, and study surface morphology of untreated and treated bacterial cell wall. An investigation of the antibacterial activity of doped MgO nanoparticles reveals that the doped MgO nanoparticles show effective antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacterium. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the synthesized nanoparticles against microorganisms was recorded with 40 μg/ml, while the maximum inhibitory concentration was observed with 80 μg/ml. At a concentration of 80 μg/ml, the complete growth inhibition of the E. coli was achieved with 7% Co-doped MgO and 7% Fe-doped MgO, while bacterial growth of S. aureus was inhibited by 100% in the presence of 7% Fe-doped MgO. The present work is promising for using nanomaterials as a novel antibiotic instead of the conventional antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases which are caused by tested bacteria.
The breast cancer immune microenvironment is modified by neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Urueña Claudia , Lasso Paola , Bernal-Estevez David , Rubio Diego , Salazar Ana Janeth , Olaya Mercedes , Barreto Alfonso , Tawil Mauricio , Torregrosa Lilian , Fiorentino Susana 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAT) in breast cancer (BC) has been used to reduce tumor burden prior to surgery. However, the impact on prognosis depends on the establishment of Pathological Complete Response (pCR), which is influenced by tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte levels and the activation of the antitumor immune response. Nonetheless, NAT can affect immune infiltration and the quality of the response. Here, we showed that NAT induces dynamic changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). After NAT, an increase of regulatory T cells and a decrease of CD8+ T cells was found in tumor, correlated with the presence of metastatic cells in lymph nodes. In addition, an increase of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor like cells was found in luminal patients post-NAT. pCR patients showed a balance between the immune populations, while non-pCR patients presented an inverse relationship in the frequency of CD68+ versus CD3+, CD8+, and CD20+ cells. Moreover, activated T cells were found in peripheral blood, as well as an increase in T cell clonality with a lower diversity post-NAT. Overall, these results shown that NAT induces an activation of immune response, however, a balance in the TME seems to be related to a better antigenic presentation and therefore a better response to treatment.
Emotional processing in bullying: an event-related potential study
Authors: Bonilla-Santos Gisella , Gantiva Carlos , González-Hernández Alfredis , Padilla-García Tatiana , Bonilla-Santos Jasmin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBullying is a subtype of violence that leads to maladaptive behaviors and emotional responses, with implications for social competence, emotions, and empathy. The present study compared the time course of emotional processing in children who were involved in the dynamics of bullying (i.e., as victims, bullies, and observers) by evaluating event-related potentials [early posterior negativity and late positive potential (LPP)] in different brain regions during a passive visualization task that involved positive, neutral, and negative social pictures. High-density electroencephalograms were recorded in 45 children, 8–12 years old (M = 9.5 years, SD = 1.3), while they observed emotional and neutral social pictures that we selected from the International Affective Picture System. Late positive potential had higher amplitudes in the victim group, especially in posterior and anterior regions. In the central region, LPP was greater toward neutral social pictures in bullying victims. The greater amplitude of LPP in victims was observed during and after the stimulus. The results showed a consistent response with a higher intensity in response to emotional stimuli in the victim group, suggesting a tendency toward hypervigilance that could interfere with emotional regulation.
Structure-guided functional studies of plasmid-encoded dihydrofolate reductases reveal a common mechanism of trimethoprim resistance in Gram-negative pathogens
Authors: Krucinska Jolanta , Lombardo Michael N. , Erlandsen Heidi , Estrada Alexavier , Si Debjani , Viswanathan Kishore , Wright Dennis L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTwo plasmid-encoded dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) isoforms, DfrA1 and DfrA5, that give rise to high levels of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria were structurally and biochemically characterized to reveal the mechanism of TMP resistance and to support phylogenic groupings for drug development against antibiotic resistant pathogens. Preliminary screening of novel antifolates revealed related chemotypes that showed high levels of inhibitory potency againstEscherichia colichromosomal DHFR (EcDHFR), DfrA1, and DfrA5. Kinetics and biophysical analysis, coupled with crystal structures of trimethoprim bound to EcDHFR, DfrA1 and DfrA5, and two propargyl-linked antifolates (PLA) complexed with EcDHFR, DfrA1 and DfrA5, were determined to define structural features of the substrate binding pocket and guide synthesis of pan-DHFR inhibitors.
Spatial and long–short temporal attention correlation filters for visual tracking
Authors: Zhao Jianwei , Wei Fuyuan , Chen NingNing , Zhou Zhenghua 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDiscriminative correlation filter is one of the quick and effective ways for studying visual tracking. However, discriminative correlation filter‐based methods still suffer from many challenging questions caused by environmental interferences, such as spatial boundary effect, temporal filter degradation, and tracking drift. A novel appearance optimisation model, named spatial and long–short temporal attention model, has been proposed based on a new spatial regularisation term and a long–short temporal regularisation term for learning the correlation filter to localise the target. On the one hand, our proposed method can improve the classical spatial regularisation term with a new weight matrix to alleviate the spatial boundary effect. On the other hand, two new temporal regularisation terms are designed: a short temporal regularisation term and a long temporal regularisation term. The short temporal regularisation term can enlarge the inner connections of the current frame and all foregoing frames to improve the tracking performances, and the long temporal regularisation term can address the influence of occlusion by using the similarity between the initial filter and the current one. Extensive experiments on various benchmarks illustrate that our proposed tracker performs favourably against several related popular trackers.
L'exploration de Mars : état des lieux et nouveaux enjeux
Authors: Encrenaz Thérèse 
Published: May 2022

Depuis un demi-siècle, la planète Mars a été étudiée par de nombreuses missions spatiales : aux missions de survol ont succédé les orbiteurs, puis les modules de descente et les véhicules robotiques.
Le lancement quasi simultané de trois nouvelles missions vers Mars, en juillet 2020, atteste de l'intérêt que porte à la planète la communauté scientifique, mais aussi le grand public.
Le but ultime est la recherche de formes de vie, passée ou présente. Mais, au-delà de cet objectif, certains rêvent d'une exploration habitée de la planète, voire d'une « colonisation » humaine.
Est-ce possible, et est-ce souhaitable ?
Quand les harmoniques d'un rayonnement ultraviolet extrême se focalisent
Authors: Veyrinas Kévin , Vabek Jan , Valentin Constance , Mével Éric , Constant Éric , Catoire Fabrice 
Published: May 2022

Cet article présente brièvement les principales caractéristiques de la technique GHOE (génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé), puis montre comment les mettre à profit pour contrôler les propriétés spatiales d'un rayonnement ultraviolet extrême (UVX).
La GHOE présente un intérêt majeur pour l'exploitation de ce rayonnement en vue de futures applications aux échelles temporelles de la femto et de l'attoseconde, telles que l'étude de la dynamique des noyaux et des électrons ou l'imagerie de la dynamique moléculaire.
Système de diagnostic à partir de l'optimisation optique de biopuces à fluorescence
Authors: Benisty Henri , Weisbuch Claude 
Published: May 2022

Le diagnostic des infections évolue vers l'identification moléculaire des agents infectieux (virus ou bactéries), méthode bien plus rapide que les cultures.
L'identification repose sur l'appariement de brins d'ADN « cibles » issus de l'agent infectieux avec des brins d'ADN complémentaires « sondes » spécifiques des cibles recherchées.
Dans le cas des puces biophotoniques, l'appariement sur les sondes disposées sur un substrat est révélé par la fluorescence localisée de fluorophores accrochés aux brins cibles.
À partir de concepts d'architectures optiques simples, un long cheminement a mené des physiciens partis des excitons et des LEDs au développement d'un système automatique de diagnostic, témoignant des processus longs et transverses de l'innovation.
Assistive technology for an inclusive school for schoolchildren with special needs: autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Syriopoulou-Delli Christine K. 
Published: May 2022

Background: The debate and research over autism spectrum disorders (ASD) encounter a theoretical and interpretive impasse that reflects our inability to provide a coherent definition. This challenge is confirmed by the current description of the condition as a spectrum, and its management stretches the limits of the various relevant fields of knowledge and research, including medicine, psychology, language and communication, education, sociology, human rights, ethics and legal issues, philosophy.
Objectives: In the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to persons with physical disabilities, technology has been tool. In the case of ASD, however, although some lines of research are focused on the study of sensory defects, the cause appears to lie, not only in perception, but also in interpretation of stimuli from the outside world. Since we entered the “digital era”, the use of technology as an assistive tool in interpretation of the surrounding world appears to provide a borderline between our knowledge and the dark area of our ignorance. For tackling this, an interdisciplinary approach is required. Which kind of assistive technology (AT) should be employed in the case of ASD, which leads us to an encounter with the theoretical and institutional void that the stormy pace of the digital transformation and evolution has created.
Methods: Searching was through PubMed, National Institute of Health (NIH) publications, the official websites of European Union , Autism Europe, resources were found in the library of the University of Macedonia. Ninety eight papers were identified through the literature review in the period 2000-2021
Results: A features of postmodern society that is taking shape under the influence of the digital technology could be the crossing from the physical reality into the virtual realm. Another feature might be the reference to symbolic language that characterizes the various different fields of knowledge, together with their protocols and communication jargon. This entails the creation of hybrid knowledge which is expanding our physical world, and which makes possible intercommunication between isolated disciplinary fields. People with ASD feel more at ease when dealing with digital entities than in interaction with other people. Also individuals who are involved in the digital realm for long periods present characteristics similar to those of ASD. Could the creation of a virtual realm be possible, which would act as a common locus between the so-called normal and people with ASD.
Conclusion: We conducted a preliminary study to explore the possibility of an interdisciplinary research program with the participation of experts from the various fields involved in the many aspects of ASD.
Die medizinische Versorgung von Menschen ohne regulären
Aufenthaltsstatus im französischen Gesundheitssystem
Authors: Wilckens Henrike , König Hans-Helmut , Hajek André 
Published: May 2022

ZusammenfassungFrankreich gehört gemäß dem Index für
Integrationspolitik in Europa (MIPEX) zu den Ländern, die die
vorteilhaftesten Gesundheitsrechte für Migrant*innen
einräumen. Grund dafür ist vor allem die historisch gewachsene
Sozialhilfeleistung Aide médicale de l’État
(AME), dessen Konzept und Umsetzung anhand einer Literaturrecherche
beschrieben wird. Die AME steht beispielhaft für die Auseinandersetzung
mit der Frage, was ein angemessener Einsatz nationaler Sozialleistungen
für die Einbeziehung von Menschen ohne regulären
Aufenthaltsstatus in die Gesundheitsversorgung sein kann. Auch wenn die Hilfe in
der Tendenz zunehmend eingeschränkt wird, stellt sie im Vergleich zur
Situation in Deutschland eine national etablierte Möglichkeit der
medizinischen Versorgung von Menschen ohne regulären Aufenthaltsstatus
dar.
Zivildienstleistende zur Unterstützung pflegender Angehöriger zu Hause – Akzeptanz und Bedarf in der Schweiz
Authors: Riguzzi Marco , Bischofberger Iren , Gerlich Regina , Höglinger Marc , Otto Ulrich 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der Pflege- und Betreuungsbedarf von älteren, kranken und behinderten Personen in Privathaushalten ist teilweise ungedeckt und wird zunehmen. Zivildienstleistende (Zivis) könnten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Entlastung pflegender Angehöriger leisten. Allerdings sind Akzeptanz und Bedarf bei Letzteren und bei den von ihnen gepflegten Personen nicht geklärt.
Methodik 314 pflegende Angehörige und 78 Gepflegte wurden zum potentiellen Bedarf nach Zivi-Einsätzen und deren Ausgestaltung befragt: fachliche Qualifikation, Art der Pflege-/Betreuungstätigkeit, Regelmäßigkeit, Dauer des Einsatzes, Pensum und Zahlungsbereitschaft dafür. Die Antworten wurden deskriptiv und inferenzstatistisch ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse 87% der pflegenden Angehörigen und 90% der Gepflegten stuften Zivi-Einsätze in Privathaushalten als sinnvoll ein und die Akzeptanz war umso höher, je ausgeprägter der Pflege-/Betreuungsbedarf war. Die fachliche Qualifikation der Zivis hatte für die meisten Befragten nicht erste Priorität, sondern eine „angenehme Persönlichkeit“. Hilfe im Haushalt und Fahrdienste kamen für die große Mehrzahl in Frage, Hilfe bei der Körperpflege für 40% (Angehörige) bzw. 35% (Gepflegte).
Schlussfolgerungen Zivildienstleistende könnten eine wichtige Ressource in Privathaushalten von Personen mit Gesundheitseinschränkungen sein. Sie könnten in vielen Bereichen Unterstützung leisten, insbesondere bei Personen mit kognitiven und körperlichen Einschränkungen. Wichtig ist eine kontinuierliche und verlässliche Hilfe.
Real-time, computer-aided, detection-assisted colonoscopy eliminates differences in adenoma detection rate between trainee and experienced endoscopists
Authors: Biscaglia Giuseppe , Cocomazzi Francesco , Gentile Marco , Loconte Ilaria , Mileti Alessia , Paolillo Rosa , Marra Antonella , Castellana Stefano , Mazza Tommaso , Di Leo Alfredo , Perri Francesco 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a well-accepted quality indicator of screening colonoscopy. In recent years, the added value of artificial intelligence (AI) has been demonstrated in terms of ADR and adenoma miss rate (AMR). To date, there are no studies evaluating the impact of AI on the performance of trainee endoscopists (TEs). This study aimed to assess whether AI might eliminate any difference in ADR or AMR between TEs and experienced endoscopists (EEs).
Patients and methods We performed a prospective observational study in 45 subjects referred for screening colonoscopy. A same-day tandem examination was carried out for each patient by a TE with the AI assistance and subsequently by an EE unaware of the lesions detected by the TE. Besides ADR and AMR, we also calculated for each subgroup of endoscopists the adenoma per colonoscopy (APC), polyp detection rate (PDR), polyp per colonoscopy (PPC) and polyp miss rate (PMR). Subgroup analyses according to size, morphology, and site were also performed.
Results ADR, APC, PDR, and PPC of AI-supported TEs were 38 %, 0.93, 62 %, 1.93, respectively. The corresponding parameters for EEs were 40 %, 1.07, 58 %, 2.22. No significant difference was found for each analysis between the two groups (P > 0.05). AMR and PMR for AI-assisted TEs were 12.5 % and 13 %, respectively. Sub-analyses did not show any significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two categories of operators.
Conclusions In this single-center prospective study, the possible impact of AI on endoscopist quality training was demonstrated. In the future, this could result in better efficacy of screening colonoscopy by reducing the incidence of interval or missed cancers.
Development and validation of a novel porcine bile duct dilation model for EUS training
Authors: Sosa-Valencia Leonardo , García Vázquez Alain , Verde Juan , Wanert Fanelie , Huppertz Jerome , Swanstrom Lee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and study aims Image-guided minimally invasive techniques have transformed the management of malignant and benign bile duct obstructions. These evolving techniques are being widely adopted and applied and hands-on training using high quality models is required to improve the proficiency of practitioners. This experimental study aimed to validate an in vivo porcine model created to simulate bile duct dilation for interventional endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) hands-on training curriculums.Materials and methods Thirty-six porcine models were involved and the procedures were performed in an experimental hybrid operating room under general anesthesia. Animals underwent endoscopic duodenal papilla clipping with several hemostatic metallic clips. After a survival period of 24 to 48 hours, the models with effective intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct dilatation were included in the hands-on training. Trainees and faculty were given structured evaluations of the model realism and usefulness.Results Extrahepatic bile duct and gallbladder dilation was achieved in all 36 of the models, and in 11 of the 36 models, a treatable intrahepatic duct dilatation was achieved. During the hands-on training, EUS-guided biliary drainage, EUS-guided transgastric gallbladder drainage, and EUS through-the-needle microbiopsy forceps procedures were feasible. Overall, 75 % of the experts and trainees evaluated the training as excellent.Conclusions We present a minimally invasive, reliable and time- effective model of extrahepatic dilation suitable for interventions. The model was less effective for intrahepatic ducts, which should be considered if intrahepatic biliary dilation is required for training.
Efficacy of specimen pasting after cold snare polypectomy for pathological evaluation of horizontal margins
Authors: Ikeda Takuya , Yoshizaki Tetsuya , Eguchi Takaaki , Kinugasa Hiroshi , Okada Akihiko 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Several studies have reported that pathological horizontal margin evaluation cannot be diagnosed in cold snare polypectomy (CSP) specimens. We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of pasting CSP specimens on paper for pathological horizontal margins.
Patients and methods This was a single-center, prospective study conducted at Osaka Saiseikai Nakatsu Hospital. In this study, the indications for CSP were adenomas ≤ 10 mm. Colorectal polyps resected by CSP were randomized to the pasting and non-pasting groups after exclusion of fragmented specimens, and the extended CSP specimens pasted on paper were formalin-fixed in the pasting group. The primary endpoint was rate of unclear horizontal margins after CSP.
Results A total of 216 CSP specimens were analyzed. The rate of unclear horizontal margins was significantly lower in the pasting group than in the non-pasting group (15.1 % vs 33.6 %, P = 0.002). CSP specimen pasting significantly reduced the rate of unclear horizontal margins. On multivariate analysis, non-pasting group (odds ratio [OR], 2.69; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.38–5.41; P = 0.003) and right colon (OR, 1.98; 95 %CI, 1.01–4.01; P = 0.047) were independent risk factors for unclear horizontal margins in CSP specimens.
Conclusions Pasting the extended specimen is important for accurate pathological examination after CSP.
Fusion radiology in interventional endoscopy (FRIend): a new approach for pancreatic fluid collections
Authors: Sassatelli Romano , Grillo Simone , Ottone Marta , Besutti Giulia , Cecinato Paolo , Sereni Giuliana , Mirante Vincenzo Giorgio , Iori Veronica , Pattacini Pierpaolo , Rossi Paolo Giorgi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Fusion imaging consists of overlaying preoperative imaging over live fluoroscopy, providing an augmented live guidance. Since 2017, we have been using a new hybrid operating room (Discovery IGS 740 OR, GE Healthcare) for biliopancreatic endoscopy, combining fusion imaging with traditional endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). This study aimed to assess the advantages that fusion imaging could bring to EUS-guided drainage of post-pancreatitis fluid collections.
Patients and methods Thirty-five drainage procedures performed between 2012 and 2019 with traditional guidance and fusion imaging were retrospectively compared, assessing the overall treatment success rate – i. e. symptom improvement with complete PFC emptying – as a primary outcome.Secondary outcomes included technical success rate, time to resolution, hospital stay length, adverse events, recurrence rate, and procedure time.
Results Patients treated with standard EUS (n = 17) and with fusion imaging (n = 18) were homogeneous in age, gender, pancreatitis etiology, and indication for drainage; the second group had larger PFCs, more frequently walled-off necrosis than pseudocysts, and were treated more emergently, indicating higher case complexity in this group. During the period when fusion imaging was adopted, procedures had a higher overall treatment success rate than during the period when standard EUS was adopted (83.3 % vs. 52.9 %, P = 0.075), and complete emptying was reached in less time (61.1 % vs. 23.6 % complete emptying within 90 days, P = 0.154), differences compatible with random fluctuations.
Conclusions This study suggests that fusion imaging in combination with EUS might improve clinical and procedural outcomes of PFC drainage.