bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swimming Warm-Up and Beyond: Dryland Protocols and Their Related Mechanisms—A Scoping Review
Authors: Cuenca-Fernández Francisco , Boullosa Daniel , López-Belmonte Óscar , Gay Ana , Ruiz-Navarro Jesús Juan , Arellano Raúl 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn swimming, the beneficial effects of the in-water warm-up are often undermined by the long transition periods before competition (≥ 20 min). For that reason, studies comparing the effects of in-water warm-ups followed by dryland activities have been conducted in the swimming literature. This has brought conflicting evidence due to large combinations of supervised and unsupervised warm-up procedures used. Therefore, a scoping review was performed to discuss (1) why warm-up strategies are important for competitive swimming; to identify (2) what are the different warm-up approaches available in the literature, and; to establish (3) what are the main conclusions, considerations and gaps that should be addressed in further research to provide clearer guidance for interventions. The search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases. To be considered eligible, studies must have assessed acute short-term responses of warm-up procedures in swimmers by using randomized controlled trials or pre-post study designs. A total of 42 articles were included in this review. The effectiveness of warm-up responses was evaluated based on the inclusion or not of warm-up, the type of conditioning activity (in-water exercise, in-water exercise combined with dryland or dryland exercise only), its duration, and intensity. (1) Warm-up mechanisms have been mainly related to temperature changes associated to cardiovascular adaptations and short-term specific neuromuscular adaptations. Thus, maintaining muscle activity and body temperature during the transition phase immediately prior to competition could help swimmers' performance; (2) the most common approach before a race usually included a moderate mileage of in-water warm-up (~ 1000 m) performed at an intensity of ≤ 60% of the maximal oxygen consumption, followed by dryland protocols to keep the muscle activity and body temperature raised during the transition phase. Dryland activities could only optimize performance in sprint swimming if performed after the in-water warm-up, especially if heated clothing elements are worn. Using tethered swimming and hand-paddles during warm-ups does not provide superior muscular responses to those achieved by traditional in-water warm-ups, possibly because of acute alterations in swimming technique. In contrast, semi-tethered resisted swimming may be considered as an appropriate stimulus to generate post-activation performance enhancements; (3) nothing has yet been investigated in backstroke, butterfly or individual medley, and there is a paucity of research on the effects of experimental warm-ups over distances greater than 100 m. Women are very under-represented in warm-up research, which prevents conclusions about possible sex-regulated effects on specific responses to the warm-up procedures.
A pilot study investigating the effects of a manuka honey sinus rinse compared to a standard sinus rinse on sino-nasal outcome test scores in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Roberts Aled E. L. , Xanthe Cendl , Hopkins Alison L. , Bodger Owen , Lewis Paul , Mahenthiralingam Eshwar , Duckers Jamie , Jenkins Rowena E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
People with cystic fibrosis (CF) are prone to bacterial respiratory infections; these are often antibiotic resistant, are difficult to treat, and impact on the quality of life and lung function. The upper respiratory tract can act as a reservoir for these pathogens, and as part of clinical care, sinus rinses are used to alleviate symptoms in the upper airway. We have developed a sinus rinse containing manuka honey, to identify whether it can help improve symptoms or reduce the bacterial load.

Methods
We will undertake a randomised controlled trial where 30 adults with CF will be recruited and randomised to either the control or intervention group. Both groups will follow a sinus rinse protocol for 30 days (± 7 days); the control group will use the standard of care rinse, and the intervention group will use a manuka honey rinse. Both groups will provide samples at day 0 and day 30. The primary outcome measure will be a change in the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score. Secondary outcomes will include changes to quality of life (questionnaire), bacterial load/community composition, and sputum viscosity.

Discussion
This trial will look at the use of a manuka honey-infused sinus rinse solution on patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF) suffering with sinusitis; it will allow us to determine the efficacy of the manuka honey sinus rinse compared to standard rinse and will allow us to determine if molecular bacterial diversity analysis will provide in-depth information beyond the usual conventional microbiological. It will allow us to determine the feasibility of recruiting participants to this type of trial, allow us to check participant compliance with the protocol, and inform future studies.

Trial registration
Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee Wales REC7 reference 18/WA/0319. Results of this study will be published at international conferences and in peer-reviewed journals; they will also be presented to the relevant stakeholders and research networks.
Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04589897 (retrospectively registered)
The realities and expectations of community involvement in COVID-19 research: a Consumer Reference Group perspective
Authors: Adams Claire , Albert Paul , Benson Tim , Cordingley Anne , Daniels Barbara , Fynn Noreen , Gurgone Mary , Jeffery Chris , White Ann , Strobel Natalie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Older adults have been disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 restrictions such as stay at home orders and physical distancing measures have been implemented to reduce older adults’ risk of infection, however, such measures can have negative effects on older adults’ mental health and social wellbeing. In 2020, the research team received funding as part of an Australian COVID-19 research grants program to investigate how services can better meet the mental health and social support needs of older adults during COVID-19. A Consumer Reference Group (CRG) was established to provide a community perspective on all research activities.

Main body
The CRG comprised of eight older adults aged 65 years and older living in Western Australia. Two members of the CRG were involved in the initial grant proposal, and one member worked for a not-for-profit organisation that provides support and advocacy for older adults. The CRGs role was to provide consumer and community perspectives on the research design, advise on study materials, facilitate links between consumers, the community, and researchers, and advocate on behalf of consumers and the community. The CRG was encouraged to reflect on the research project, their contributions, and the outcomes obtained. In this commentary, we document the CRGs contributions to the project, and record their reflections, including what went well, what were some challenges, the realities of conducting research during COVID-19, and lessons learnt.

Conclusion
The CRG were active participants in the research process. They shared their perspectives and made important contributions to the project. Through collaboration with the CRG, we were able to reach four key messages, underpinned by consumers lived experiences, that were used to co-develop knowledge translation products. These were disseminated to service providers and older adults.
The limited use of instructional design guidelines in healthcare simulation scenarios: an expert appraisal
Authors: de Melo Brena C. P. , Falbo Ana R. , Souza Edvaldo S. , Muijtjens Arno M. M. , Van Merriënboer Jeroen J. G. , Van der Vleuten Cees P. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Systematic reviews on simulation training effectiveness have pointed to the need to adhere to evidence-based instructional design (ID) guidelines. ID guidelines derive from sound cognitive theories and aim to optimize complex learning (integration of knowledge, skills, and attitudes) and learning transfer (application of acquired knowledge and skills in the workplace). The purpose of this study was to explore adherence to ID guidelines in simulation training programs for dealing with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), a high-risk situation and the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide.

Methods
A total of 40 raters analyzed simulation training programs as described in 32 articles. The articles were divided into four subsets of seven articles and one subset of four articles. Each subset was judged by seven to ten raters on adherence to ID guidelines. The 5-point Likert score rating scale was based on Merrill’s First Principles of Instruction and included items relating to key ID features categorized into five subscales: authenticity, activation of prior knowledge, demonstration, application, and integration/transfer. The authors searched for articles published in English between January 2007 and March 2017 in PubMed, Eric, and Google Scholar and calculated the mean Likert-scale score, per subscale, and interrater reliability (IRR).

Results
The mean Likert-scale scores calculated for all subscales were < 3.00. For the number of raters used to judge the papers in this study (varying between 7 and 10), the IRR was found to be excellent for the authenticity and integration/transfer subscales, good-to-excellent for the activation of prior knowledge and application subscales, and fair-to-good for the demonstration subscale.

Conclusion
The results demonstrate a paucity of the description of adherence to evidence-based ID guidelines in current simulation trainings for a high-risk situation such as PPH.
Modeling of fire spread in sagebrush steppe using FARSITE: an approach to improving input data and simulation accuracy
Authors: Price Samuel “Jake” , Germino Matthew J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Model simulations of wildfire spread and assessments of their accuracy are needed for understanding and managing altered fire regimes in semiarid regions. The accuracy of wildfire spread simulations can be evaluated from post hoc comparisons of simulated and actual wildfire perimeters, but this requires information on pre-fire vegetation fuels that is typically not available. We assessed the accuracy of the Fire-Area Simulator (FARSITE) model parameterized with maps of fire behavior fuel models (FBFMs) obtained from the widely used LANDFIRE, as well as alternative means which utilized the classification of Rangeland Analysis Platform (RAP) satellite-derived vegetation cover maps to create FBFM maps. We focused on the 2015 Soda wildfire, which burned 113,000 ha of sagebrush steppe in the western USA, and then assessed the transferability of our RAP-to-FBFM selection process, which produced the most accurate reconstruction of the Soda wildfire, on the nearby 2016 Cherry Road wildfire.

Results
Parameterizing FARSITE with maps of FBFMs from LANDFIRE resulted in low levels of agreement between simulated and observed area burned, with maximum Sorensen’s coefficient (SC) and Cohen’s kappa (K) values of 0.38 and 0.36, respectively. In contrast, maps of FBFMs derived from unsupervised classification of RAP vegetation cover maps led to much greater simulated-to-observed burned area agreement (SC = 0.70, K = 0.68). The FBFM map that generated the greatest simulated-to-observed burned area agreement for the Soda wildfire was then used to crosswalk FBFMs to another nearby wildfire (2016 Cherry Road), and this FBFM selection led to high FARSITE simulated-to-observed burned area agreement (SC = 0.80, K = 0.79).

Conclusions
Using RAP to inform pre-fire FBFM selection increased the accuracy of FARSITE simulations compared to parameterization with the standard LANDFIRE FBFM maps, in sagebrush steppe. Additionally, the crosswalk method appeared to have regional generalizability. Flanking and backfires were the primary source of disagreements between simulated and observed fire spread in FARSITE, which are sources of error that may require modeling of lateral heterogeneity in fuels and fire processes at finer scales than used here.
Basic social justice orientations—measuring order-related justice in the European Social Survey Round 9
Authors: Adriaans Jule , Fourré Marie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIndividuals hold normative ideas about the just distribution of goods and burdens within a social aggregate. These normative ideas guide the evaluation of existing inequalities and refer to four basic principles: (1) Equality stands for an equal distribution of rewards and burdens. While the principle of (2) need takes individual contributions into account, (3) equity suggests a distribution based on merit. The (4) entitlement principle suggests that ascribed (e.g., gender) and achieved status characteristics (e.g., occupational prestige) should determine the distribution of goods and burdens. Past research has argued that preferences for these principles vary with social position as well as the social structure of a society. The Basic Social Justice Orientations (BSJO) scale was developed to assess agreement with the four justice principles but so far has only been fielded in Germany. Round 9 of the European Social Survey (ESS R9 with data collected in 2018/2019) is the first time; four items of the BSJO scale (1 item per justice principle) were included in a cross-national survey program, offering the unique opportunity to study both within and between country variation. To facilitate substantive research on preference for equality, equity, need, and entitlement, this report provides evidence on measurement quality in 29 European countries from ESS R9. Analyzing response distributions, non-response, reliability, and associations with related variables, we find supportive evidence that the four items of the BSJO scale included in ESS R9 produce low non-response rates, estimate agreement with the four distributive principles reliably, and follow expected correlations with related concepts. Researchers should, however, remember that the BSJO scale, as implemented in the ESS R9, only provides manifest indicators, which therefore may not cover the full spectrum of the underlying distributive principles but focus on specific elements of it.
An open-access plug-in program for 3D modelling distinct material properties of cortical and trabecular bone
Authors: Roytman Gregory R. , Cutler Matan , Milligan Kenneth , Tommasini Steven M. , Wiznia Daniel H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Finite element modelling the material behavior of bone in-silico is a powerful tool to predict the best suited surgical treatment for individual patients.

Results
We demonstrate the development and use of a pre-processing plug-in program with a 3D modelling image processing software suite (Synopsys Simpleware, ScanIP) to assist with identifying, isolating, and defining cortical and trabecular bone material properties from patient specific computed tomography scans. The workflow starts by calibrating grayscale values of each constituent element with a phantom – a standardized object with defined densities. Using an established power law equation, we convert the apparent density value per voxel to a Young’s Modulus. The resulting “calibrated” scan can be used for modeling and in-silico experimentation with Finite Element Analysis.

Conclusions
This process allows for the creation of realistic and personalized simulations to inform a surgeon’s decision-making. We have made this plug-in program open and accessible as a supplemental file.
Antiplasmodial evaluation of aqueous extract of Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig leaves in Plasmodium berghei (NK65)-infected mice
Authors: Olaniyi Temitope Deborah 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The study was designed to screen aqueous extract of Bilghia sapida leaves for its phytochemical constituents, in vivo antiplasmodial activity and biochemical changes in Plasmodium berghei (NK65)-infected female mice. Phytochemical screening was done using standard methods. In the acute toxicity test, three groups of mice received 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/Kg/day of the extract respectively, and were observed for signs of toxicity, especially mortality for 24 h. Forty-eight mice were assigned into six groups of eight animals each. The uninfected group A (control) was administered distilled water, while groups B, C, D, E and F were inoculated intraperitoneally with about 107 parasitized erythrocytes and received distilled water, chloroquine (5 mg/Kg/day), 125, 250 and 500 mg/Kg/day of extract, respectively. The antiplasmodial activity was evaluated using Peter’s 4 days suppressive test. Haematological indices, selected biochemical parameters and liver histology were evaluated.

Results
Screening revealed the presence of six phytochemicals in the aqueous extract of B. sapida leaves. Median lethal dose of the extract is > 5,000 mg/Kg/day. The aqueous extract of the leaves significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the level of parasitaemia dose-dependently with chemosuppression of 74.09% at 500 mg/Kg/day. The extract significantly (P < 0.05) prevented P. berghei infection-associated reduction in red blood cell indices. The significant (P < 0.05) P. berghei-induced alterations in liver function indices were improved in extract-treated mice. There were no visible lesions in the livers of animals that received 125 mg/Kg/day of extract.

Conclusion
The aqueous extract of B. sapida leaves has in vivo antiplasmodial activity and justifies its folkloric use in malarial treatment.
Association of serum zinc level and clinical outcome in Egyptian COVID-19 patients
Authors: Mansour Ahmed M. F. , El Nakeeb Noha , Kamal Norhan Khaled Mohamed , ElGhandour Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Zinc is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant micronutrient found in food. Due to its well-established role in immunity, it is currently being used in some clinical trials against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to assess the association between the mean serum zinc level in COVID-19 Egyptian patients and its relationship with disease severity. This cross-sectional study was conducted on sixty patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. These patients were divided into two groups according to clinical outcome, group 1 which included 30 intensive care unit (ICU) patients and group 2 which included 30 patients who were admitted to the ward. Mean serum levels of zinc were compared between the two groups.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference noted among study groups regarding the serum zinc level (p < 0.039), where lower mean serum zinc levels were noted in ICU patients compared to ward patients (70.6 ± 5.7 vs 73.8 ± 6.1).

Conclusion
Low serum zinc level is associated with the severe outcome of COVID-19 infection.
Efficacy of pterygopalatine fossa injection with local anesthetic agent and adrenaline in reduction of intra-operative bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Kamel Ahmed A. , Harhash Khaled , Al-lateef Muhammad Abd 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess the effect of pterygopalatine fossa injection via greater palatine canal with xylocaine and adrenaline on intra-operative surgical field bleeding and overall blood loss during FESS.

Methods
We are doing this randomized blinded study on 60 patients who underwent FESS. Infiltration with 2 ml of xylocaine 2% with 1:100,000 adrenaline was slowly injected on one side and the surgeon was asked to assess the surgical field using a Boezaart scale.

Results
Operative time is significantly less in injected cases than the other cases with a P value < 0.001. blood loss in injected side was significantly less than Non-injected side with a P value < 0.001.

Conclusion
There was a significant decrease in blood loss, duration of surgery, and improvement in visual field using Boezaart score in injection group (cases) who underwent pterygopalatine fossa injection of xylocaine/adrenaline compared to the other non-injected group.
Alloreactivity and apoptosis in graft rejection and transplantation tolerance
Authors: Zavazava Nicholas , Kabelitz Dietrich 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWeissmann wrote as early as 1889 that higher organisms contain within themselves the germs of death [1]. However, the term, programmed cell death, or apoptosis as it is now known, was defined much later [2]. Thus, it was long recognized that damaged and old cells are eliminated within the body, but the underlying mechanisms are only now beginning to emerge. Apoptosis appears central to the process of negative selection of developing T-cells in the thymus. In regard to organ transplantation, apoptosis contributes to graft rejection and the establishment of graft tolerance. Thus, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis may help establish a new protocol for the induction of transplantation tolerance.
Influence of type 2 T cell responses on the severity of encephalitis associated with influenza virus infection
Authors: Kaji Masahide , Kobayashi Makiko , Pollard Richard B , Suzuki Fujio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe role of type 2 T cell responses on the severity of post-infectious encephalitis was investigated in a mouse model of influenza virus infection. When mice were infected intracerebrally with 3.0 LD50 of A/NWS33 strain of influenza virus, they all showed clinical signs of encephalitis, and 90% of them died within 10 days of the infection. However, the post-infectious encephalitis was not demonstrated in mice exposed to 0.5 LD50 of the same virus. The mortality rates of mice infected with 0.5 LD50 of the virus were increased to levels observed in mice exposed to 3.0 LD50 of influenza virus infection, after the administration of a mixture of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 (2 ng/mouse each; immediately, 1 and 2 days after the infection). In contrast, mortality rates of mice exposed to 3.0 LD50 of influenza virus were substantially decreased when these mice were treated with a mixture of monoclonal antibodies directed against IL-4 and IL-10. A predominance of type 2 T cell responses was demonstrated in splenic T cells of mice infected with 3.0 LD50 of influenza virus, although these responses were minimal in mice infected with 0.5 LD50 of the virus. After the treatment with the mixture of type 2 cytokines, an increase in the type 2 T cell responses in mice exposed to 0.5 LD50 of the virus was shown. These results indicate that type 2 T cell responses associated with the viral infection play an important role in the severity of post-infectious encephalitis induced in mice by the intracerebral infection of influenza A virus.