bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender in mental health: Comparison of the rate and social factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among young adult Filipino heterosexual cisgender men and women and LGBT+ individuals
Authors: Alibudbud Rowalt 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Previous studies showed that Filipino young women have higher rates of certain mental disorders than men, while LGBT+ individuals have higher mental disorders rates than heterosexual cisgender individuals. These differences may be due to their unique social experiences. Despite these, studies that directly compare the rates and social factors of mental health conditions among men, women, and LGBT+ individuals including depression, anxiety, and stress, remain sparse. Objective: This study aimed to compare the rates and social factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among young adult Filipino heterosexual cisgender men and women and LGBT+ individuals Methods: This study utilized a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Daily Discrimination Scale, and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) to determine the difference between the rates and social factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among the respondents. A total of 959 young Filipino adults completed the questionnaire. Afterward, logistic regression, chi-square, and descriptive statistics were done. Results: LGBT+ respondents experienced the highest rates of significant depression (92.0%), anxiety (93.8%), and stress (81.3%). Discrimination had the largest effect size among men and LGBT+ individuals. While age may be a risk factor for anxiety among heterosexual cisgender males, it was protective for stress among LGBT+ individuals. Working, studying, and living with peers had protective effects against anxiety and stress among heterosexual cisgender men and women. Conclusion: Rates and factors of depression, anxiety, and stress varied according to gender. This variation may be accounted for by unique social experiences and contexts including violence, discrimination, cultural expectations, and social roles. Thus, gender-sensitive mental healthcare may need to extend beyond binary views limited to men and women.
Effectiveness of Life Skills Intervention for Children From Disadvantaged Backgrounds: Insights Form 4-year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ravindranath Sreehari , Jacob Annie , Talreja Vishal , Bhat Suchetha 
Published: June 2022

The present study examines the effectiveness of an After-School Life Skills (ASLS) intervention to improve the life skills of 110 students from socially disadvantaged backgrounds at public schools of urban Bangalore in south India. These students completed ASLS intervention from 2014 to 2018 during which the life skills were assessed on a yearly interval and the data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. The results show that ASLS intervention significantly improved the students’ life skills. Post hoc comparisons at time 1 shows that young students who participated in ASLS intervention significantly improved their life skills over the 4 years’ time, although no significant variances were observed between measurement periods. The overall effect was found to be significant in improving the life skills, which shows that integrating life skills education in the school curriculum is critical and a timely need.
Metamodeling for Policy Simulations with Multivariate Outcomes
Authors: Zhong Huaiyang , Brandeau Margaret L. , Yazdi Golnaz Eftekhari , Wang Jianing , Nolen Shayla , Hagan Liesl , Thompson William W. , Assoumou Sabrina A. , Linas Benjamin P. , Salomon Joshua A. 
Published: June 2022

Purpose Metamodels are simplified approximations of more complex models that can be used as surrogates for the original models. Challenges in using metamodels for policy analysis arise when there are multiple correlated outputs of interest. We develop a framework for metamodeling with policy simulations to accommodate multivariate outcomes. Methods: We combine 2 algorithm adaptation methods—multitarget stacking and regression chain with maximum correlation—with different base learners including linear regression (LR), elastic net (EE) with second-order terms, Gaussian process regression (GPR), random forests (RFs), and neural networks. We optimize integrated models using variable selection and hyperparameter tuning. We compare the accuracy, efficiency, and interpretability of different approaches. As an example application, we develop metamodels to emulate a microsimulation model of testing and treatment strategies for hepatitis C in correctional settings. Results Output variables from the simulation model were correlated (average ρ = 0.58). Without multioutput algorithm adaptation methods, in-sample fit (measured by R2) ranged from 0.881 for LR to 0.987 for GPR. The multioutput algorithm adaptation method increased R2 by an average 0.002 across base learners. Variable selection and hyperparameter tuning increased R2 by 0.009. Simpler models such as LR, EE, and RF required minimal training and prediction time. LR and EE had advantages in model interpretability, and we considered methods for improving the interpretability of other models. Conclusions In our example application, the choice of base learner had the largest impact on R2; multioutput algorithm adaptation and variable selection and hyperparameter tuning had a modest impact. Although advantages and disadvantages of specific learning algorithms may vary across different modeling applications, our framework for metamodeling in policy analyses with multivariate outcomes has broad applicability to decision analysis in health and medicine.
Effect of Mechanical Mincing on Minimally Manipulated Articular Cartilage for Surgical Transplantation
Authors: Evuarherhe Aghogho , Condron Nolan B. , Knapik Derrick M. , Haunschild Eric D. , Gilat Ron , Huddleston Hailey P. , Kaiser Joshua T. , Parvaresh Kevin C. , Wagner Kyle R. , Chubinskaya Susan , Yanke Adam B. , Cole Brian J. 
Published: June 2022

Background: Point-of-care treatment options for medium to large symptomatic articular cartilage defects are limited. Minced cartilage implantation is an encouraging single-stage option, providing fresh viable autologous tissue with minimal morbidity and cost. Purpose: To determine the histological properties of mechanically minced versus minimally manipulated articular cartilage. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Remnant articular cartilage was collected from fresh femoral condylar allografts. Cartilage samples were divided into 4 groups: cartilage explants with or without fibrin glue and mechanically minced cartilage with or without fibrin glue. Samples were cultured for 42 days. Chondrocyte viability was assessed using live/dead assay. Cellular migration and outgrowth were monitored using bright-field microscopy. Extracellular matrix deposition was assessed via histological staining. Proteoglycan content and synthesis were assessed using dimethylmethylene blue assay and radiolabeled 35S-sulfate, respectively. Type II collagen (COL2A1) gene expression was analyzed via polymerase chain reaction. Results: The mean viability of minced cartilage particles (34% ± 14%) was not significantly reduced compared with baseline (46% ± 13%) on day 0 ( P = .90). After culture, no significant difference in the percentage of live cells was appreciated between mechanically minced (58% ± 23%) and explant (73% ± 14%) cartilage in the presence of fibrin glue ( P = .52). The addition of fibrin glue did not significantly affect the viability of cartilage samples. The qualitative assessment revealed comparable cellular migration and outgrowth between groups. Proteoglycan synthesis was not significantly different between groups. Histological analysis findings were positive for COL2A1 in all groups, and matrix formation was appreciated in all groups. COL2A1 expression in minced cartilage (1.72 ± 1.88) was significantly higher than in explant cartilage (0.15 ± 0.07) in the presence of fibrin glue ( P = .01). Conclusion: Mechanically minced articular cartilage remained viable after 42 days of culture in vitro and was comparable with cartilage explants with regard to cellular migration, outgrowth, and extracellular matrix synthesis. Clinical Relevance: Mechanically minced articular cartilage is an encouraging intervention for the treatment of symptomatic cartilage defects. Further translational work is warranted to determine the viability of minced cartilage implantation as a single-stage therapeutic intervention in vivo.
Factors affecting the formation of nurses’ moral sensitivity in cardiopulmonary resuscitation settings: A qualitative study
Authors: Mohammadi Farshad , Habibzadeh Hossein , Aghakhani Nader 
Published: June 2022

Background: Certain factors may facilitate or inhibit the formation of moral sensitivity in nurses performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The identification of these factors in the context can help develop strategies to promote nurses’ moral sensitivity and offer new insights into the consequences of their moral decisions. Objective: Taking into account the possibly multi-factorial nature of moral sensitivity, this study aimed to identify the factors affecting the formation of nurses’ moral sensitivity in CPR settings. Research design and methods: This study performed a conventional qualitative content analysis. Twenty-one participants were selected via purposive and theoretical sampling. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and simultaneously analyzed via content analysis. Participants and research context: In total, twenty-one participants (fourteen clinical care nurses, three head nurses, two educational supervisors, and two faculty members) from different cities of Iran were interviewed. Ethical considerations: The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences in Iran (IR.UMSU.REC.1399.337). Findings: Four categories (underlying factors, professional factors, organizational inhibitors of ethics, and professional limitations) and 13 sub-categories were extracted. Discussion: The formation of moral sensitivity requires a range of ethical standards and their maintenance, not only at the individual level but also at the profession, organization, and community levels. So eliminating inhibitors of ethics in these contexts can improve nurse’s ethical performance in CPR settings. Conclusion: Any measures taken or decisions made by nurses in CPR are driven by numerous ethical issues to which nurses must be morally sensitive. Some factors facilitate and some inhibit the formation of moral sensitivity in nurses.
Paradoxes, nurses’ roles and Medical Assistance in Dying: A grounded theory
Authors: Hébert Maude , Asri Myriam 
Published: June 2022

Background In June 2016, the Parliament of Canada passed federal legislation allowing eligible adults to request Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID). Since its implementation, there likely exists a degree of hesitancy among some healthcare providers due to the law being inconsistent with personal beliefs and values. It is imperative to explore how nurses in Quebec experience the shift from accompanying palliative clients through “a natural death” to participating in “a premeditated death.” Research question/aim/objectives This study aims to explore how Quebec nurses personally and professionally face the new practice of MAID and their role evolution. Research design A grounded theory design was used. Participants and research context We recruited 37 nurses who participated in or coordinated at least one MAID. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted and audiotaped. Data collection and analysis followed Strauss and Corbin steps. Ethical considerations Ethics approval was received from the investigator’s affiliated University. Participants were informed regarding the research goal, signed a written consent, and were assigned pseudonyms. Findings/results Results show that nurses experienced the wide range of paradoxe during MAID centering around the following eight elements: 1) confrontation abouth death, 2) choice, 3) time of death, 4) emotional load, 5) new Bill, 6) relationship with the person, 7) communication skills, and 8) healthcare setting. The shifting of views and values in this new role is presented by the contradiction of opposites. Conclusions A better understanding of the paradox experienced by nurses involved with MAID paves the way for the development of interventions.
Does the Rigid External Distraction Device Alter Maxillary Pitch in Cleft Maxillary Distraction?
Authors: Mathews Alexander T. , Dammling Chad W. , Waite Peter D. , Kinard Brian E. 
Published: June 2022

The rigid external distraction (RED) device is reported to have the ability to three-dimensionally reposition the maxilla. The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of RED to intentionally alter the maxillary pitch.Retrospective cohort study.Institutional practice.A retrospective chart review was completed over the past 12 years and a total of 50 patients met the inclusion criteria.Cephalometric changes and alteration in palatal plane angle.Cephalometric analysis of standardized landmarks was completed on calibrated, standardized lateral cephalograms. Pre-distraction and post-consolidation variables were compared via a two-tailed paired t-test.The mean age at surgery of 12.2 ± 3.2 years. Through distraction osteogenesis (DO), the maxilla was moved anteriorly with a mean distraction distance of 8.4 ± 4.8 mm. The mean change in the angles sella-nasion-A-point angle (SNA), sella-nasion-B-point angle (SNB), and A-point-nasion-B-point angle (ANB) were 10.2 ± 4.8, 0.9 ± 2.7, and 9.3 ± 4.1, respectively. The mean change in the palatal plane angle was −4.4 ± 3.7. The mean change in the vertical position of the anterior nasal spine (ANS) and posterior nasal spine (PNS) in relation to the Frankfort horizontal (FH) were −2.0 ± 4.1 mm and 1.7 ± 3.8 mm, respectively.This study documents short-term findings of RED in a large cleft lip and palate (CLP) population. Despite positioning of distraction eyelets superior to the theoretical center of resistance, a counterclockwise (CCW) rotation of the palatal plane occurred. This suggests that adjunctive methods of vector control should be considered if clockwise (CW) rotation of the palatal plane is intended with the RED device.
Evaluation of Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity in Rabbits for MB-102, a Fluorescent Tracer Agent Designed for Real-Time Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate
Authors: Bugaj Joseph E. , Dorshow Richard B. 
Published: June 2022

The fluorescent tracer, MB-102, has been designed for the direct, real-time measurement of glomerular filtration rate. Previous studies, both in vitro and in vivo (rats, rabbits and dogs), were conducted to assess potential toxicity including single dose toxicity, mutation assay, chromosomal aberration assay, phototoxicity, local tolerance study, micronuclease assay, hERG channel changes, CNS and cardiovascular safety. The results of these studies led to a safety/toxicology profile for this agent deemed sufficient by the FDA to conduct Phase I and Phase II human clinical studies. In this paper we report on maternal toxicity and the potential effects on embryo-fetal development and the toxicokinetics of MB-102 administered daily via intravenous (bolus) injection into pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis gestation day 7-19. Assessment of toxicity was based on mortality, clinical observations, body weight, food consumption, reproductive performance and necropsy and cesarean section findings. Blood samples were collected for toxicokinetic evaluation. No test article findings were noted in any of these studies. The only clinical findings observed were the discoloration of skin, eyes or pelage in the 2 higher dose groups, which were considered related to the color and fluorescent properties of MB-102 and were deemed non-adverse. Exposure, as assessed by Cmax and AUC(0-6) increased in a dose dependent manner from 4.5 to 113 mg/kg/day. No accumulation of the test article was noted after multiple doses were administered. Thus, intravenous administration of MB-102 was not associated with any adverse developmental or reproductive toxicities in pregnant rabbits.
A Qualitative Study of Factors Influencing Unsafe Work Behaviors Among Environmental Service Workers: Perspectives of Workers, and Safety Managers: The Case of Government Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tamene Aiggan , Habte Aklilu , Endale Fitsum , Gizachew Addisalem 
Published: June 2022

Background: Environmental Service (EVS) is a term that refers to cleaning in healthcare facilities. EVS personnel are exposed to a variety of hazards, including physical, chemical, ergonomic, cognitive, and biological hazards that contribute to the development of diseases and disabilities. Recognizing the conditions that promote unsafe behavior is the first step in reducing such hazards. The purpose of this study was to (a) investigate the attitudes and perceptions of safety among employees and safety managers in Addis Ababa hospitals, and (b) figure out what factors inhibit healthy work behaviors. Methods: The data for this study was gathered using 2 qualitative data gathering methods: key informant interviews and individual in-depth interviews. About 25 personnel from 3 Coronavirus treatment hospitals were interviewed to understand more about the factors that make safe behavior challenging. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and then translated into English. Open Code 4.02 was used for thematic analysis. Results: Poor safety management and supervision, a hazardous working environment, and employee perceptions, skills, and training levels were all identified as key factors in the preponderance of unsafe work behaviors among environmental service workers. Conclusions: Different types of personal and environmental factors were reported to affect safe work behavior among environmental service personnel. Individual responsibility is vital in reducing or eliminating these risk factors for unsafe behaviors, but management’s involvement in providing resources for safe work behavior is critical.
Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in MS patients on disease-modifying therapies
Authors: Schiavetti Irene , Cordioli Cinzia , Stromillo Maria Laura , Teresa Ferrò Maria , Laroni Alice , Cocco Eleonora , Cola Gaia , Pasquali Livia , Rilla Maria Teresa , Signoriello Elisabetta , Iodice Rosa , Di Sapio Alessia , Lanzillo Roberta , Caleri Francesca , Annovazzi Pietro , Conte Antonella , Liberatore Giuseppe , Ruscica Francesca , Docimo Renato , Bonavita Simona , Ulivelli Monica , Cavalla Paola , Patti Francesco , Ferraro Diana , Clerico Marinella , Immovilli Paolo , Di Filippo Massimiliano , Salvetti Marco , Sormani Maria Pia 
Published: June 2022

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) treated with anti-CD20 or fingolimod showed a reduced humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Objective: In this study we aimed to monitor the risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in pwMS on different disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Methods: Data on the number of vaccinated patients and the number of patients with a breakthrough infection were retrospectively collected in 27 Italian MS centers. We estimated the rate of breakthrough infections and of infection requiring hospitalization per DMT. Results: 19,641 vaccinated pwMS were included in the database. After a median follow-up of 8 months, we observed 137 breakthrough infections. Compared with other DMTs, the rate of breakthrough infections was significantly higher on ocrelizumab (0.57% vs 2.00%, risk ratio (RR) = 3.55, 95% CI = 2.74–4.58, p < 0.001) and fingolimod (0.58% vs 1.62%, RR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.75–4.00, p < 0.001), while there were no significant differences in any other DMT group. In the ocrelizumab group the hospitalization rate was 16.7% versus 19.4% in the pre-vaccination era (RR = 0.86, p = 0.74) and it was 3.9% in all the other DMT groups versus 11.9% in the pre-vaccination period (RR = 0.33, p = 0.02). Conclusions: The risk of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections is higher in patients treated with ocrelizumab and fingolimod, and the rate of severe infections was significantly reduced in all the DMTs excluding ocrelizumab.
Exploring the possibility of using CO2 as a proxy for exhaled particles to predict the risk of indoor exposure to pathogens
Authors: Zhang Dadi , Bluyssen Philomena M 
Published: June 2022

Airborne transmission has been confirmed as one of three principal ways of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. To reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 indoors, understanding the distribution of respiratory droplets (or aerosols) present in human breath seems therefore important. To study whether the CO2 concentration can be used as a proxy for the number of exhaled particles present in an occupied space, the distribution of particles with different diameters (0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 μm) and CO2 concentrations were monitored in a classroom setting with six healthy subjects. Additionally, numbers of particles with the same sizes were measured in the breath of the same six healthy subjects separately. Results showed that (1) on the contrary to CO2, the main source of indoor particles came from outdoor air, and not from occupants; (2) the impacts of ventilation regimes on indoor particle numbers were different to the impacts on CO2 concentrations; and (3) almost no significant relationship between the number of indoor particles and CO2 concentration was observed. Based on these results, this study could therefore not conclude that the CO2 concentration in a classroom can be used as a proxy for the number of exhaled particles by the occupants.
Iatrogenic Vertebral Arteriovenous Fistula Involving Brachiocephalic Vein Due to Central Venous Catheterization: A Case Report
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Nanto Masataka , Kishida Kengo , Goto Yudai , Hashimoto Naoya 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To report a case of vertebral arteriovenous fistula (VAVF) caused by iatrogenic trauma of central venous catheterization (CVC) involving brachiocephalic vein (BCV). Case report: A 79-year-old female was referred for assessment of a vertebral artery (VA) aneurysm at the V1 segment. The patient had no signs other than a vascular murmur on the right neck and was diagnosed 20 years after undergoing CVC. Right vertebral angiography revealed a high-flow shunt from the V1 segment of the right VA and draining into the right BCV. The fistula had a single communication between a pseudoaneurysm and large varix. We diagnosed the patient with CVCinduced VAVF (CIVAVF) involving BCV and obliterated the shunt by selective transarterial and transvenous embolization of the pseudoaneurysm under flow control using a balloon catheter with no complications. Conclusion: This case highlights the point that CIVAVF involving BCV is rare but possible. In addition, there is a possibility that CIVAVF involving BCV does not demonstrate the findings of arterial steal or retrograde venous drainage and is undiagnosed for a long term due to lack of neurological manifestation and other subjective symptoms. We also showed that endovascular treatment can be feasible and useful for CIVAVF involving BCV.