bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carotenoid fortification of zucchini fruits using a viral RNA vector
Authors: Houhou Fakhreddine , Martí Maricarmen , Cordero Teresa , Aragonés Verónica , Sáez Cristina , Cebolla‐Cornejo Jaime , Pérez de Castro Ana , Rodríguez‐Concepción Manuel , Picó Belén , Daròs José‐Antonio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundCarotenoids are health‐promoting metabolites in livestock and human diets. Some important crops have been genetically modified to increase their content. Although the usefulness of transgenic plants to alleviate nutritional deficiencies is obvious, their social acceptance has been controversial.ResultsHere, we demonstrate an alternative biotechnological strategy for carotenoid fortification of edible fruits in which no transgenic DNA is involved. A viral RNA vector derived from zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) was modified to express a bacterial phytoene synthase (crtB), and inoculated to zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) leaves nurturing pollinated flowers. After the viral vector moved to the developing fruit and expressed crtB, the rind and flesh of the fruits developed yellow‐orange rather than green color. Metabolite analyses showed a substantial enrichment in health‐promoting carotenoids, such as α‐ and β‐carotene (provitamin A), lutein and phytoene, in both rind and flesh.ConclusionAlthough this strategy is perhaps not free from controversy due to the use of genetically modified viral RNA, our work does demonstrate the possibility of metabolically fortifying edible fruits using an approach in which no transgenes are involved.
Secondary Metabolites Produced by Coculture of Pleurotus ostreatus SY10 and Pleurotus eryngii SY302
Authors: Ge Xiaoxuan , Wang Yu , Sun Chunxiao , Zhang Ziping , Song Lin , Tan Lingling , Li Dehai , Yang Song , Yu Guihong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA new isovaleryl‐monoterpene, pleurotusin A (1), and a new cyclopentenone derivative, pleurotusin B (7), together with five related known terpenoids (2–6), were isolated from the coculture broth of two edible fungi, Pleurotus ostreatus SY10 and Pleurotus eryngii SY302. The absolute configurations of 1 and 7 were elucidated by comprehensively using the density functional theory calculation of NMR and ECD data, DP4+ probability analysis, Mo2(OAc)4‐based CD experiment and optical rotation. The antimicrobial activities of these compounds except for the unstable compound 7, were evaluated against two types of human‐pathogenic fungi, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, and three types of human‐pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Shigella sp. Compound 1 displayed moderate activity against S. aureus with an MIC50 value of 90.3 μM. In addition, the antioxidant activities of high‐yielding 2–6 were tested using DPPH, and compound 4 showed moderate activity with an EC50 value of 573 μM.
Bispalladacycle Catalyzed Nucleophilic Enantioselective Allylation of Aldehydes by Allylstannanes
Authors: Heberle Martin , Legendre Sarah , Wannenmacher Nick , Weber Manuel , Frey Wolfgang , Peters René 
Published: February 2022

AbstractEnantiopure homoallylic secondary alcohols are very important synthetic building due to the versatility of the hydroxyl and olefin moieties. A key strategy to prepare them is by nucleophilic allylation of aldehydes. A large number of catalyst concepts emerged that allow for high enantioselectivity. Still, in many target‐oriented syntheses of complex structures stoichiometric methods are preferred over catalytic ones. The need for high catalyst loadings and long reaction times, plus unsatisfying reproducibility and substrate scopes are reasons for that. In the present study we report the first palladium catalysts capable of controlling asymmetric nucleophilic allylations of aldehydes with allyltributyltin. TONs up to 620 were achieved, which is significantly higher than for any other reported catalyst. The method is also tolerating electronically and sterically unfavorable substrates. We show that a transmetallation occurs, favoring an η1‐allyl coordination mode with the bispalladacycles. In contrast, for the corresponding monopalladacycle an unproductive η3 coordination is dominant.
Biocatalytically Active and Stable Cross‐Linked Enzyme Crystals of Halohydrin Dehalogenase HheG by Protein Engineering
Authors: Staar Marcel , Henke Steffi , Blankenfeldt Wulf , Schallmey Anett 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA major drawback for practical application of halohydrin dehalogenase HheG in biocatalysis is its rather low thermal stability and low organic solvent tolerance. We therefore pursued a stabilization of HheG via immobilization as cross‐linked enzyme crystals. Since glutaraldehyde inactivates HheG, we introduced a cysteine residue in the crystal interface, which enabled thiol‐specific cross‐linking at well‐defined cross‐linking sites. Variant HheG D114C displayed improved crystallizability and yielded stable and catalytically active CLECs using bis‐maleimidoethane as cross‐linker. Effective cross‐linking at the predefined site could be confirmed via the CLEC crystal structure. Compared to soluble enzyme, the CLECs displayed significantly improved stability and activity at higher temperatures, lower pH values and in the presence of water‐miscible organic solvents, which enabled their reuse over 21 days in the azidolysis of cyclohexene oxide.
Preparation of Porous NiCe Composite Catalyst and Its Performance for CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhou Guilin , Xu Shiyu , Li Yue , Jiang Qingqing , Xu Benjing , Xie Hongmei , Zhang Guizhi 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNi component can be effectively introduced into CeO2 by a soft template method to prepare porous NiCe composite catalysts. The reducibility of the catalyst precursors was studied by H2‐TPR. The physicochemical properties of the prepared NiCe composite catalysts were characterized by XRD, quasi in‐situ XPS, BET and TEM. And the catalytic performances of the corresponding NiCe composite catalysts was evaluated by CO2 catalytic hydrogenation. The synergistic effect of Ni and Ce species can significantly improve the reducibility of the precursors to form CO2 hydrogenation active sites in the corresponding NiCe composite catalysts. The morphology, pore structure, specific surface area, crystallinity and content of metal Ni species of the prepared NiCe composite catalysts were significantly affected by nNi/nCe ratio, which can affect the CO2 catalytic hydrogenation performances of NiCe composite catalysts. The synergistic effect of Ni and Ce species can also promote the formation of NiCe composite catalyst nanoparticles with small particle size about 5–10 nm. The developed mesoporous structure and high specific surface area can be formed in the prepared NiCe composite catalysts. The NC3 catalyst with a nNi/nCe ratio of 3.0 showed the best CO2 hydroreduction performances and use stability. When the reaction temperature was 300 °C, the CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity can reach 85.6% and 100%, respectively. Even if the reaction temperature rises to 340 °C, the CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity can be maintained at 83.7% and 100% in the continuous reaction of 600 min, respectively.
Poly(maleic anhydride) Shell Modified with Negatively and Positively Charged Groups to Control Zeta Potential and Hydrodynamic Size of Encapsulated Quantum Dots at Variable pH
Authors: Radchanka Aliaksandra , Hrybouskaya Varvara , Antanovich Artsiom , Artemyev Mikhail 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe prepared water‐soluble quantum dots (QDs) with tunable ξ‐potential varied from −38 to +20 mV and controlled sensitivity to pH level. Poly(maleic anhydride‐alt‐1‐tetradecene) (PMAT) was modified with bifunctional molecules containing sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, phosphonate, and quaternary ammonium in different proportions. The sulfonate shell of QDs leads to a stable negative ξ‐potential in the biological pH range from 4.5 to 9.5, while modification with quaternary ammonium groups gives QDs with positive and pH‐independent charge. If nearly half of carboxyl groups of PMAT were modified with quaternary ammonium groups, ξ‐potential begins pH‐dependent with the isoelectric point at pH≈5.5. To obtain pH‐independent, neutrally charged QDs, the rest of carboxyl groups can be converted into sulfonate groups at a 1 : 1 ratio; sulfonate‐quaternary ammonium QDs show high colloidal stability in solutions with high ionic strength. In addition, encapsulated QDs show an unusual correlation between their hydrodynamic size and ζ‐potential: when ζ‐potential approaches zero, the hydrodynamic size markedly increases due to a decrease in the electrostatic repulsion component of the QDs diffusion coefficient.
Fine‐Tuning the Thermal Relaxation Dynamics of Indigo‐Based Photoswitches Using Selective Non‐Covalent Interactions Without Chemical Modification
Authors: Shen Zhen‐Nan , Xu Yu‐Xuan , Wang Chen‐Yu , Qiao Bo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the thermal relaxation dynamics of photoswitches is of crucial importance when considering application scenarios. Strategies for regulating the thermal relaxation rates of photoswitches have been mostly limited to modifying the chemical structures. Herein we demonstrate a complementary method of manipulating the thermal relaxation rate of indigo‐based photoswitches that does not require chemical modification. We used indigo‐based photoswitches in aprotic solvents as a model system to demonstrate this strategy. Our method creates a deactivated pathway that extends the thermal relaxation half‐life by selectively stabilizing the parent structure of the metastable Z‐isomer via non‐covalent interaction. In addition, by establishing a quantitative kinetic model, we showed that controlling the strength of such selective stabilization enables fine‐tuning of the thermal relaxation rates to precisely access to targeted values.
Is the degree of facial swelling after dental extraction sufficient to justify the current delays to radiotherapy mask production? A pilot evaluation of postextraction swelling using 3D photography
Authors: McCormick Robert , Meechan John , Adams James , Stanncliffe Helen , Merecer Lee , Best Kate , Nugent Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundConcern that facial swelling after dental extractions will spoil the fit of radiotherapy masks in head and neck cancer patients leads to the current practice of delay making of mask production (and therefore the start of radiotherapy) for several days or longer. However, there is little data on how extensive facial swelling is after dental extraction.AimTo assess the degree of facial swelling in a group of adult patients attending Newcastle Dental School for routine dental extractions.Materials and MethodsSeventeen dental extraction patients underwent three‐dimensional photography using the 3dMDFace® system at 1‐week preop, immediately preop, and at 48‐h postop. We recorded demographic data, teeth extracted, and methods. Facial volume change was assessed using 3dMD Vultus® software. Two reviewers ran the data through the 3dMD Vultus® software independently. We used Student's t‐test to assess significance.ResultsTwelve patients were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference in the difference between the two preoperative measurements and the preoperative versus postoperative difference (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test: Reviewer 1: p = .31. and Reviewer 2: p = .10). Thus, mean facial swelling was less than the threshold for significant swelling which was deemed to be 15 cm3.ConclusionFacial swelling following dental extraction may not be sufficient in itself to justify the current delays in mask production and subsequent delivery of radiotherapy. Further definitive studies are needed to optimize how dental extractions should be timed within head and neck cancer care pathways.
Novel multilayer SISO shift register architecture in QCA technology and its usage in communications
Authors: Niknezhad Divshali Mojtaba , Rezai Abdalhossein , Karimi Asghar 
Published: February 2022

SummaryThe QCA technology is a promising emerging technology at nano‐scale for replacing CMOS technology. Shift register has a vital role in communication networks and digital electronic circuits that are the main components of integrated circuits and memory. In this study, novel and efficient delay circuit (pseudo‐D‐Latch) is designed. Then, 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐bit SISO QCA shift register architectures are developed and evaluated in single layer, 3‐layer and 5‐layer using the designed delay circuit. The designed architectures are evaluated using QCADesigner‐E tool version 2.2. The results demonstrate that the pseudo‐D‐Latch circuit contains 17 cells and 0.01 μm2 area. The 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐bit single layer SISO QCA shift register architecture contains 63 (0.05 μm2), 85 (0.66 μm2), and 107 (0.08 μm2) cells (area), respectively. The 3‐ and 4‐bit 3‐layer SISO QCA shift register architecture contains 63 (0.03 μm2) and 84 (0.03 μm2) cells (area), respectively. The 3‐ and 5‐bit 5‐layer SISO QCA shift register architecture contains 62 (0.02 μm2) and 105 (0.032 μm2) cells (area), respectively. These results show that the designed QCA architectures provide improvements compared with other SISO QCA architectures.
Cytological and molecular characterization of secretory breast carcinoma
Authors: Carretero‐Barrio Irene , Santón Almudena , Caniego Casas Tamara , López Miranda Elena , Reguero‐Callejas Maria Eugenia , Pérez‐Mies Belén , Benito Amparo , Palacios José 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSecretory breast carcinoma is a rare neoplasm, histologically well‐characterized, and secondary to ETV6‐NTRK3 gene fusion, whose cytological features are scarcely described in the literature. We report the case of a woman with a history of secretory breast carcinoma 8 years before, who presented a periareolar nodule. A recurrence was diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration based on the cytomorphological features and pan‐TRK immunocytochemistry on the cell block, and the patient underwent a mastectomy. The histology and molecular studies performed on the surgical specimen (immunohistochemistry, FISH and NGS) confirmed the diagnosis. Cytological smears showed abundant epithelial cellularity, in groups and single cells. These cells showed moderate atypia, with abundant cytoplasm. We observed intracytoplasmic inclusions and extracellular metachromatic globules. Immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical studies showed a triple negative breast tumour. NTRK overexpression was demonstrated with immunocytochemistry against pan‐TRK on the cell block, as well as with immunohistochemistry in the surgical specimen. NTRK3 rearrangement was proved by FISH. In the primary tumour and in the recurrence, we demonstrated ETV6‐NTRK3 fusion by NGS. After conducting a literature review, we have found 26 articles describing the cytological features of secretory breast carcinoma in 33 patients. The smears were described as groups of epithelial cells with vacuolated cytoplasm, single signet ring cells and a globular extracellular secretion. In only two cases molecular confirmation of the diagnosis with ETV6‐NTRK3 fusion was proven, although not in the cytological specimen, but in the subsequent biopsy. The distinct cytological features of secretory breast carcinoma can help in its diagnosis, thus guiding the molecular studies. This is the first reported case that proves TRK overexpression, as a fusion surrogate, in the cytological sample.
Sentinel Riparian Spiders Predict Mercury Contamination of Riverine Fish
Authors: Drenner Ray W. , Chumchal Matthew M. , Gaul Simon P. , Hembrough Michael T. , Khan Amal M. , Rolfe Ian M. , Wallace Garrett R. , Hannappel Madeline P. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a widespread and toxic environmental contaminant. It is challenging to determine the level of Hg contamination of food chains and fish within the millions of water bodies in the United States. Mercury contamination can vary 10-fold between ecosystems, even those in the same region. Therefore, aquatic ecosystems need to be individually monitored for Hg contamination to determine which ecosystems are most contaminated and pose the greatest risk to human and wildlife health. One approach to monitoring Hg is to use sentinel species, defined as biological monitors that accumulate a contaminant in their tissues without significant adverse effects. Riparian spiders such as long-jawed orb weavers (Tetragnathidae) have been proposed as sentinels of persistent bioavailable contaminants, like Hg, in aquatic systems. Long-jawed orb weavers feed on emergent aquatic insects and have concentrations of Hg that reflect levels of Hg contamination in the aquatic food web. Previous studies have documented elevated contaminant concentrations in long-jawed orb weavers from shorelines of aquatic ecosystems, suggesting that they could be used as sentinels of chemical contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. We demonstrate for the first time that long-jawed orb weavers can be used as sentinels to identify aquatic systems that contain fish with elevated concentrations of Hg. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1297–1303. © 2022 SETAC
Comparative Toxicity of Oil Spill Herding Agents to Aquatic Species
Authors: Alloy Matthew M. , Sundaravadivelu Devi , Moso Elizabeth , Meyer Peter , Barron Mace G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Chemical herding agents are surfactant mixtures used to coalesce spilled oil and increase slick thickness to facilitate mechanical recovery or in situ burning. Only two herders are currently listed on the United States' National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan or National Contingency Plan product schedule for potential use in spill response: the surface collecting agents Siltech OP-40™ and ThickSlick 6535™. Toxicity data for spill response agents are frequently available only for two estuarine species, mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia) and inland silversides (Menidia beryllina), and are particularly limited for herding agents. Toxicity can vary over several orders of magnitude across product type and species, even within specific categories of spill response agents. Seven aquatic species were tested with both Siltech OP-40™ and ThickSlick 6535™ to evaluate acute herder toxicity and relative species sensitivity. The toxicity assessment included: acute tests with A. bahia and M. beryllina, the freshwater crustacean Ceriodaphina dubia, and the freshwater fish Pimephales promelas; development of the echinoderm Arbacia unctulate; and growth of a freshwater alga Raphidocelis subcapitata and marine alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. Siltech acute toxicity values ranged from 1.1 to 32.8 ppm. ThickSlick acute toxicity values ranged from 2.2 to 126.4 ppm. The results of present study show greater toxicity of Siltech compared to ThickSlick with estimated acute hazard concentrations intended to provide 95% species protection of 1.1 and 3.6 ppm, respectively, on empirical data and 0.64 and 3.3 ppm, respectively, with the addition of interspecies correlation data. The present study provides a greater understanding of species sensitivity of these two oil spill response agents. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1311–1318. © 2022 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Glacier inventory of the Subansiri River Basin in the Brahmaputra catchment using Landsat satellite data: A case study of the Daisaphu Glacier changes
Authors: Choudhury Swapnamita , Phukan Sarat , Duarah Bhagawat Pran , Goswami Dulal Chandra , Mehta Manish 
Published: February 2022

Monitoring of glaciers of the Subansiri River Basin, regardless of geopolitical distribution, is pivotal, as the Subansiri River is one of the most important tributaries of the Brahmaputra River. However, the existing inventories in Eastern Himalayas mostly covered the Indian side, while most of the glacier regions are located in Tibet. For the first time, we constructed a complete, validated glacier and lake inventory using Landsat satellite data. We report 390 glaciers, where 191 are hanging glaciers, 59 ice aprons, 52 cirques, 40 niches, 37 valley glaciers, 9 icecaps and 2 outlet glaciers. The snow‐covered region occupies 0.96% of the total basin area. The study also reports that there are 52 glacial lakes, covering a cumulative area of 3.358 km2. Furthermore, the 37 valley glaciers cover an area of ~144 km2, with lengths ranging between 1.3 and 15.3 km, and a total ice reserve of ~11.95 km3. The largest glacier of the basin is the Daisaphu Glacier, which has an ice reserve of ~2.70 km3. We calculated the retreat of the Daisaphu Glacier to be 16 ma−1 between 1989 and 2014. However, the retreat has been seen to be enhanced, up to 21 ma−1 after 2009. We also estimated the recession rate of 27 other valley glaciers, apart from the Daisaphu Glacier. The recession rate of the glaciers ranges between 2 and 51 ma−1, where 30% of glaciers have retreated at a rate of <10 ma−1, 55% of glaciers have retreated at a rate of >10 ma−1 and 15% of glaciers show no frontal changes since 1985. The pro‐glacial moraine‐dammed lake of the Daisaphu glacier shows growth of 0.471 km2 in area, and an increase of 0.0833 km3 in water volume between 1978 and 2014. This inventory should help in the assessment of future water scenarios and climate change, as it will impact a large community downstream which is dependent on the glaciers which lie across two countries.
Multimodal assessments of preterm temperament across the first year of life: Continuity, stability, and moderation by country of origin and infant age
Authors: Spinelli Maria , Bornstein Marc H. , Putnick Diane L. , Shah Prachi E. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThere is limited research regarding the continuity, stability, and role of country of origin in preterm infant temperament across the first year of life. This prospective longitudinal study examined patterns of mean‐level continuity and individual‐differences stability of select scales of temperament at 6 and 12 months in preterm infants from three countries, Chile (n = 47), United Kingdom (n = 44), and United States (n = 50). Temperament was assessed with the Infant Behavior Questionnaire and observed using the Bayley Behavior Rating Scale. Continuity and stability across infant age, country effects, and interactions of country and age on preterm infant temperament were examined. Chilean mothers rated infants higher in soothability, duration of orienting, and orientation/engagement compared with mothers from the United Kingdom and/or United States. Continuity of temperament from 6 to 12 months varied by country: Chilean mothers reported increasing smiling and laughter and activity level from 6 to 12 months, and mothers from the United Kingdom reported decreasing smiling and laughter and increasing fear from 6 to 12 months. Infant temperament was stable in all three countries. Correlations evidenced low concordance between maternal reports and examiner observations of infant temperament at 12 months. However, among Chilean infants, higher maternal reported activity level was associated with higher examiner observed orientation/engagement score.