bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micromorphological transformation and frictional nonlinearity at a graphite powder lubricated sliding interface with low speed and heavy load
Authors: Zhou Weijie , Zhang Yi , Yang Bin , Lei Xing , Hu Zhaowen , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the microtopography transformation at a low-speed heavy-load interface with the lubrication of powder particles and its nonlinear friction effect on the sliding pair in contact.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the universal mechanical tester (UMT) tribometer and VK shape-measuring laser microscope, comparative friction experiments were conducted with graphite powder lubrication. The friction coefficient with nonlinear fluctuations and the three-dimensional morphology of the boundary layer at the interface were observed and analyzed under different operating conditions. The effects on lubrication mechanisms and frictional nonlinearity at the sliding pair were focused on under different surface roughness and powder layer thickness conditions.

Findings
At a certain external load and sliding speed, the initial specimen surface with an appropriate initial roughness and powder thickness can store and bond the powder lubricant to form a boundary film readily. The relatively flat and firm boundary layer of powder at the microscopic interface can reduce the coefficient of friction and suppress its nonlinear fluctuation effectively. Therefore, proper surface roughness and powder layer thickness are beneficial to the graphite lubrication and stability maintenance of a friction pair.

Originality/value
This research is conducive to developing a deep understanding of the microtopography transformation with frictional nonlinearity at a low-speed heavy-load interface with graphite powder lubrication.
Predicting students’ continuance use of learning management system at a technical university using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Kuadey Noble Arden , Mahama Francois , Ankora Carlos , Bensah Lily , Maale Gerald Tietaa , Agbesi Victor Kwaku , Kuadey Anthony Mawuena , Adjei Laurene 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate factors that could predict the continued usage of e-learning systems, such as the learning management systems (LMS) at a Technical University in Ghana using machine learning algorithms.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed model for this study adopted a unified theory of acceptance and use of technology as a base model and incorporated the following constructs: availability of resources (AR), computer self-efficacy (CSE), perceived enjoyment (PE) and continuance intention to use (CIU). The study used an online questionnaire to collect data from 280 students of a Technical University in Ghana. The partial least square-structural equation model (PLS-SEM) method was used to determine the measurement model’s reliability and validity. Machine learning algorithms were used to determine the relationships among the constructs in the proposed research model.

Findings
The findings from the study confirmed that AR, CSE, PE, performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence predicted students’ continuance intention to use the LMS. In addition, CIU and facilitating conditions predicted the continuance use of the LMS.

Originality/value
The use of machine learning algorithms in e-learning systems literature has been rarely used. Thus, this study contributes to the literature on the continuance use of e-learning systems using machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, this study contributes to the literature on the continuance use of e-learning systems in developing countries, especially in a Ghanaian higher education context.
The market access of innovation in health care: insights from EC-funded research
Authors: Lettieri Emanuele , Marone Laura , Spezia Nicola , Gheno Ilenia , Mambretti Cinzia , Andreoni Giuseppe 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to offer novel insights on how industrial marketing might contribute to bringing innovations to market in the peculiar case of health care. This study aims at shedding first light on how the alignment between dissemination and exploitation activities might contribute to bringing to market innovations developed by public–private partnerships funded by the European Commission (EC).

Design/methodology/approach
The theoretical development comes from an inductive research design based on the 42-month pan-European H2020 research project NESTORE aimed at developing an integrated portfolio of innovations for the healthy aging of European citizens.

Findings
This study advances the theory and practice of industrial marketing in health care by conceptualizing an actionable method to align dissemination and exploitation activities within EC-funded projects, facilitating that innovations will go to market. The method is composed of five phases. First, an external analysis to define market opportunities and users’/stakeholders’ needs. Second, an internal analysis to identify the most promising exploitable outputs. Third, scenarios crystallization to define the most suitable scenarios (business models) to bring the selected exploitable outputs to market. Fourth, exploitation and dissemination alignment through the identification and involvement of the most relevant stakeholders. Fifth, scenario refinement and business plan.

Originality/value
This study is relevant because many EC-funded projects still fail to move innovations from labs to market, thus limiting the benefits for the European citizens and the competitiveness of Europe with respect to the USA and China. Although this relevance, past studies overlooked the peculiar context of EC-funded innovation projects, privileging pharmaceutical and biomedical companies. This study advance theory and practice of industrial marketing in health care.
Compliance determinants of anti-money laundering regime among professional accountants in Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Tarmizi Masetah , Zolkaflil Salwa , Omar Normah , Hasnan Suhaily , Syed Mustapha Nazri Sharifah Nazatul Faiza 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Money laundering offences occur worldwide, with recent discussions involving issues related to the low levels of compliance among professional accountants towards the anti-money laundering (AML) regime. Under the regime, professional accountants are required to implement compliance programs (Know Your Customer, Clients Due Diligent, Record Keeping) and to submit any suspicious transaction report encounters to the authorities. Due to the lack of research in this sector, this study aims to examine the compliance determinants towards AML regimes among professional accountants in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
Premised on protection motivation theory, a questionnaire was developed and distributed among 1,100 professional accountants. Of which 275 questionnaires were returned and subjected to regression analysis.

Findings
Based on the findings, “perceived risk of non-compliance” and “awareness of Anti-Money Laundering Act 2001 and Financial Action Task Force standard” were significantly related to the level of compliance towards the AML regimes. Meanwhile, “compliance cost” did not influence the compliance behaviour of professional accountants. Moreover, the findings demonstrated that awareness programs among the reporting institutions should be enhanced, specifically the professional accountants.

Practical implications
This study recommends the professional bodies particularly professional accountants in Malaysia to establish a blueprint as a guideline for money laundering reporting.

Originality/value
This is one of the pioneer studies looking into AML compliance determinants among the professional accountants in Malaysia. This study will provide insights on the current practices and recommend ways to improve the current AML reporting practices among the professional accountants.
Adoption of safe motherhood practices and the moderating role of facilitating conditions
Authors: Rai Shashibala , Biswas Saswata Narayan 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors responsible for the utilisation of safe motherhood practices under the Government of India (GOI)-run maternal health programme Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY).

Design/methodology/approach
Data for the survey were collected from 435 expectant mothers registered under JSY from seven districts of western Uttar Pradesh, India. Based on the existing theories of behaviour change and the social marketing framework, a model of antecedents of adoption of safe motherhood practices was tested out empirically.

Findings
The results suggested that controlling for demographic variables such as age, education, number of children, intention to follow safe motherhood practices, maternal health self-efficacy, attitude towards safe motherhood, life satisfaction and facilitating conditions all contributed towards the adoption of safe motherhood practices. However, facilitating conditions moderated the relationship between intention to follow safe motherhood practices and adoption of safe motherhood practices.

Research limitations/implications
The study focused only on maternal health, excluding child health under JSY.

Practical implications
The study findings suggest that social marketers should focus on the individual (micro)- as well as programme (macro)-level factors to bring about systemic behaviour change.

Social implications
The adoption of safe motherhood practices will result in a reduction of the maternal mortality rate. This will improve the overall health of mother and child.

Originality/value
The JSY programme is targeted at promoting safe motherhood practices among poor women in the reproductive age group from India. The adoption of safe motherhood practices will result in less maternal mortality and contribute to the well-being of the family.
Discovering ethnography and passing on the baton: exploring life in a hospital school
Authors: Sikes Pat , Platt Madeline 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis paper considers an undergraduate student's coming to, and use of, an ethnographic approach as a particularly appropriate way in which to investigate aspects of life in a British hospital school. Such schools occupy a liminal position with regard to education policy and provision. There is a paucity of research on hospital schools and particularly of the experiences and perceptions of teachers who work in them. This lack of research has implications for policy development. The paper therefore offers some rare insights into one of these schools. It also gives insights into how ethnography can challenge taken for granted assumptions.Design/methodology/approachAn ethnographic participant observer approach was adopted.FindingsThis paper gives insights into how ethnography can challenge researchers' taken for granted assumptions as well as offering illustration of some aspects of life in schools.Originality/valueAlthough there is an extensive literature on uses of ethnography, this approach has rarely been applied to hospital schools. The paper makes a small step towards addressing this lack.
The evolution of firms’ social responsibility and stock performance
Authors: Gao Ning , Qayyum Arif 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
The authors ask the question if firms would continue the efforts to improve their social responsibility and how that continued efforts would impact their financial performance over time. This study’s approach helps better understand the effects of changing social responsibility on firms’ stock performance over time.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors investigate the relationship between firms’ evolving social responsibility and their stock performance changes.

Findings
This study’s findings suggest that more socially responsible firms tend to perform better. In addition, improvements in companies’ social responsibility measures are associated with better stock performances.

Originality/value
Existing literature uses firms’ social capital scores at a single point in time and does not account for the changes in firms’ social effort over time. By using Media Corporate Responsibility Magazine’s 100 best corporate citizens ranking for a 10-year period from 2009 to 2018, we construct a unique data set that includes the firm’s social responsibility levels for 10 years.
What does the literature mean by social prescribing? A critical review using discourse analysis
Authors: Calderón‐Larrañaga Sara , Greenhalgh Trish , Finer Sarah , Clinch Megan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSocial prescribing (SP) seeks to enhance the role of the voluntary and community sector in addressing patients' complex needs in primary care. Using discourse analysis, this review investigates how SP is framed in the scientific literature and explores its consequences for service delivery. Theory driven searches identified 89 academic articles and grey literature that included both qualitative and quantitative evidence. Across the literature three main discourses were identified. The first one emphasised increasing social inequalities behind escalating health problems and presented SP as a response to the social determinants of health. The second one problematised people's increasing use of health services and depicted SP as a means of enhancing self‐care. The third one stressed the dearth of human and relational dimensions in general practice and claimed that SP could restore personalised care. Discourses circulated unevenly in the scientific literature, conditioned by a wider political rationality which emphasised individual responsibility and framed SP as ‘solution’ to complex and contentious problems. Critically, this contributed to an oversimplification of the realities of the problems being addressed and the delivery of SP. We propose an alternative ‘care‐based’ framing of SP which prioritises (and evaluates) holistic, sustained and accessible practices within strengthened primary care systems.
Smoking prevalence following the announcement of tobacco tax increases in England between 2007 and 2019: an interrupted time–series analysis
Authors: Beard Emma , Brown Jamie , Shahab Lion 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of announcement of tax increases on factory‐made (FM) and roll‐your own (RYO) cigarettes in England.Design, Setting and ParticipantsAutoregressive integrated moving average with exogeneous input (ARIMAX) time–series modelling in England, UK. Data were aggregated monthly on 274 890 participants between 2007 and 2019 taking part in the Smoking Toolkit Study (STS).MeasurementsThe association of sustained step level changes for tax rises for FM cigarettes and temporary pulse effects for tax rises for RYO cigarettes with smoking, quit attempt and quit success prevalence as well as per‐capita self‐reported cigarette consumption and cost per cigarette was assessed.FindingsA 10% rise in tax on RYO cigarettes was associated with a temporary 21.1% decline [95% confidence interval (CI) = –30.4 to −10.7] in smoking prevalence, and 20.7% decline (95% CI = –32.4 to −7.0) in per‐capita self‐reported cigarette consumption; while a 3% rise of tax on RYO cigarettes was associated with a temporary 20.7% decline (95% CI = –33.3 to −5.8) in the amount paid per RYO cigarette. For tax increases on FM cigarettes, a 5% above inflation tax rise was associated with a step‐level increase of 33.1% (95% CI = 18.4–49.5) in quit success rates. However, some of the findings were sensitive to model specification and temporally specific.ConclusionThe announcements of tax increases for cigarettes in England between 2010 and 2019 were inconsistently associated with temporary reductions in smoking prevalence, per‐capita self‐reported cigarette consumption and improved quit success. Paradoxically, reductions in the cost for roll‐your‐own cigarettes were also found. The results were not robust in all sensitivity analyses.
Aging‐induced atrial fibrosis in If current change and its effect on atrial fibrillation in dogs
Authors: Wang Fei‐Fei , Han Ya‐Fan , Liang Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Ge‐Ge , Lu Yan‐Mei , Li Yao‐Dong , Tang Bao‐Peng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a very common type of cardiac arrhythmia that threatens public health. Aging is an independent AF risk factor. However, the mechanism of age‐related AF remains unclear.MethodsA total of 36 Beagle dogs were selected and divided into three groups (12 in each group): two groups were 9‐year‐old aged dogs, and one group was 4‐year‐old adult dogs. Electrophysiological testing was employed to determine if modeling is successful. Patch‐clamp technique was employed to measure the If current. The expression of protein and mRNA related to If current were also tested. Collagen deposition was observed with the use of Masson staining.ResultsAging resulted in a higher collagen deposition percentage in the left atrium. The hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN)2 and HCN4 expressions were increased in the atria and pulmonary veins but decreased in the sinus node of the aged group. Moreover, in the aged group, the left atrium mRNA expressions of Kcnd2 (Potassium voltage‐gated channel subfamily D member 2), Kcnh2, Kcnq1, Kcnj2, Kcnj11, and CACNA1H were significantly downregulated. The aged AF group also demonstrated sustained AF and significant changes in electrophysiological characteristics. The If current demonstrated an increased amplitude and was easier to activate in the aged AF group than in younger group. Finally, AF occurrence exacerbated aging‐induced cardiac fibrosis, thereby aggravating the above‐listed symptoms.ConclusionWith age, the increase in atrial fibrosis affected the expression of the ion channels, thereby modulating the If current. Moreover, AF also further exacerbated the degree of atrial fibrosis.
Selective laryngoscopy before thyroidectomy: a risk assessment
Authors: Black Katherine A. , Wilkinson David S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients presenting for thyroidectomy may have an unrecognized pre‐existing vocal cord palsy (VCP). This raises the danger of bilateral VCP if a patient sustains an injury to the RLN on the sole functioning side. Part of the rationale for routine preoperative laryngoscopy is to eliminate such a risk. This paper endeavours to quantify the relevant potential risk.MethodsPatients who underwent laryngoscopy prior to thyroid or parathyroid surgery in an endocrine surgical unit over a 5 year period were identified. Literature review revealed four papers in which VCP prevalence in patients without risk factors was reported. Using our data, combined with that of these other authors, the background rate of pre‐existing VCP was ascertained, and the subsequent risk of bilateral VCP estimated.ResultsOf our 632 patients who underwent preoperative laryngoscopy, there were four patients (0.63%) who were found to have a unilateral VCP, but all had voice symptoms or previous neck surgery. When patients with these risk factors are excluded, our data combined with the published data provides a pre‐existing VCP rate of 0.2%. Calculations estimate that if preoperative laryngoscopy is omitted in patients with no risk factors, the risk of bilateral VCP, due to the nerve on the sole functioning side being injured, would be between 1/50000 and 1/150000, depending on an individual surgeon's level of experience.ConclusionSelective use of laryngoscopy prior to thyroidectomy would result in an acceptably low statistical risk of bilateral VCP. Routine laryngoscopy for all patients is not necessary.
A novel hybrid polymer of PCL/fish gelatin nanofibrous scaffold improves proliferation and differentiation of Wharton's jelly‐derived mesenchymal cells into islet‐like cells
Authors: Mirtaghi Seyedeh Masoumeh , Hassannia Hadi , Mahdavi Mohammadreza , Hosseini‐khah Zahra , Mellati Amir , Enderami Seyed Ehsan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundUsing a different source of stem cells to compensate for the lost beta cells is a promising way to cure diabetic patients. Besides, the best efficiency of insulin‐producing cells (IPCs) will appear when we culture them in an environment similar to inside the body. Hence, three‐dimensional (3D) culture ameliorates the differentiation of diverse kinds of stem cells into IPCs compared to those differentiated in two‐dimensional (2D) culture. In this study, we aim to create an ideal differentiation environment by using PCL/Fish gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds to differentiate Wharton's jelly‐derived mesenchymal cells (WJ‐MSCs) to IPCs and compare them with a 2D cultured group.MethodsThe evaluation of cellular, molecular, and functional properties of differentiated cells on the 3D and 2D cultures was investigated by several assays such as electron microscopy, quantitative PCR, immunochemistry, western blotting, and ELISA.ResultsThe in vitro studies showed that WJ‐MSCs differentiated in the 3D culture have strong properties of IPCs such as islet‐like cells. The expression of pancreatic‐specific genes at both RNA and protein levels showed higher differentiation efficacy of 3D culture. Besides, the results of the ELISA tests demonstrate that in both groups the differentiated cells are functional and secreted C‐peptide and insulin in glucose stimulation, but the secretion of C‐peptide and insulin in the 3D culture group was higher than those cultured in 2D groups.ConclusionOur findings showed the use of PCL/Fish gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds with optimized differentiation protocols can promote the differentiation of IPCs from WJ‐MSCs compared to the 2D culture group.
Evaluation of neuroretinal integrity in optical coherence tomography‐graded eyes with partial‐thickness macular holes
Authors: Stino Heiko , Wassermann Lorenz , Ristl Robin , Abela‐Formanek Claudette , Georgopoulos Michael , Sacu Stefan , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula , Pollreisz Andreas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate neuroretinal integrity in different subtypes of optical coherence tomography (OCT)‐graded partial‐thickness macular holes.MethodsFovea‐centred SD‐OCT images (Cirrus, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG; Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering GmbH) and visual acuity (VA) acquired at every visit were analysed by two retina specialists retrospectively in 71 eyes of 65 patients. Partial‐thickness macular holes were classified as lamellar macular hole (LMH), epiretinal membrane foveoschisis (ERMF) or macular pseudohole (MPH).ResultsLamellar macular hole, ERMF and MPH were diagnosed in 33 (47%), 31 (43%) and 7 (10%) eyes with a VA of 0.18 ± 0.25, 0.15 ± 0.2, and 0.06 ± 0.08 (p = 0.323), respectively. Median follow‐up time was 11 (interquartile range 4–32.5), 10 (interquartile range 5–18) and 19 (interquartile range 8–24) months in LMH, ERMF and MPH. In all subgroups, VA remained stable during the follow‐up (p = 0.652, p = 0.915 and p = 1.000). Epiretinal proliferations (EP) were present in 12 LMH and 3 ERMF. At baseline, eyes with EP had significantly worse VA (p < 0.001), wider foveal cavities (p = 0.007) and thinner foveal floors (p < 0.001) compared with eyes without EP. Twelve out of 15 eyes with EP showed exudative cystoid spaces. Among all 71 eyes, 51 remained morphologically and functionally stable during follow‐up.ConclusionIn our study cohort, EP are associated with worse VA and advanced neuroretinal tissue loss presenting with wider foveal cavities and thinner foveal floors. During the follow‐up period, VA remained stable in all entities of partial‐thickness macular holes.