bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical sensitivity and clinical performance of "COVID-19 RT-PCR Real TM FAST (CY5) (ATGen, Uruguay) and "ECUGEN SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR" (UDLA-STARNEWCORP, Ecuador)": High quality-low cost local SARS-CoV-2 tests for South America
Authors: Freire-Paspuel Byron , Morales-Jadan Diana , Zambrano-Mila Marlon , Perez Franklin , Garcia-Bereguiain Miguel Angel 
Published: April 2022

Background
Dozens of commercial RT-qPCR kits for SARS-CoV-2 detection are available with or without Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by FDA or other regulatory agencies.

Objective
We evaluated the clinical performance of two SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR kits designed and produced in South America, "COVID-19 RT-PCR Real TM FAST (CY5)" (ATGen, Uruguay) and "ECUGEN SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR" (UDLA-STARNEWCORP, Ecuador), for RT-qPCR SARS-CoV2 detection using "TaqMan 2019-nCoV Assay Kit v1" (Thermofisher, USA) as a gold standard technique.

Results
We report a great clinical performance and analytical sensitivity for the two South American kits with sensitivity values of 96.4 and 100%, specificity of 100% and limit of detection in the range of 10 copies/uL of RNA extraction.

Conclusions
"COVID-19 RT-PCR Real TM FAST (CY5)" and "ECUGEN SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR" kits are reliable SARS-CoV-2 tests made in South America that have been extensively used in Uruguay, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Ecuador. These locally produced SARS-CoV-2 tests have contributed to overcome supply shortages and reduce diagnosis cost, while maintaining the high quality standards of FDA EUA commercially available kits. This approach could be extended for other diagnostic products to improve infectious diseases surveillance at middle and low income countries beyond COVID-19 pandemic.
Contribution of cardio-vascular risk factors to depressive status in the PREDIMED-PLUS Trial. A cross-sectional and a 2-year longitudinal study
Authors: Martín-Peláez Sandra , Serra-Majem Lluis , Cano-Ibáñez Naomi , Martínez-González Miguel Ángel , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Corella Dolores , Lassale Camille , Martínez Jose Alfredo , Alonso-Gómez Ángel M. , Wärnberg Julia , Vioque Jesús , Romaguera Dora , López-Miranda José , Estruch Ramón , Tinahones Francisco J. , Lapetra José , Fernández-Aranda Fernando , Bueno-Cavanillas Aurora , Tur Josep A. , Martín Vicente , Pintó Xavier , Delgado-Rodríguez Miguel , Matía Pilar , Vidal Josep , Vázquez Clotilde , Daimiel Lidia , Ros Emili , Toledo Estefanía , Nishi Stephanie K. , Sorli Jose V. , Malcampo Mireia , Zulet M. Ángeles , Moreno-Rodríguez Anaí , Cueto-Galán Raquel , Vivancos-Aparicio Diego , Colom Antoni , García-Ríos Antonio , Casas Rosa , Bernal-López M Rosa , Santos-Lozano Jose Manuel , Vázquez Zenaida , Gómez-Martínez Carlos , Ortega-Azorín Carolina , del Val Jose Luís , Abete Itziar , Goikoetxea-Bahon Amaia , Pascual Elena , Becerra-Tomás Nerea , Chillarón Juan J. , Sánchez-Villegas Almudena 
Published: April 2022

Background
Cardio-vascular disease and depression are thought to be closely related, due to shared risk factors. The aim of the study was to determine the association between cardio-vascular risk (CVR) factors and depressive status in a population (55–75 years) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus trial.

Methods and findings
Participants were classified into three groups of CVR according to the Framingham-based REGICOR function: (1) low (LR), (2) medium (MR) or (3) high/very high (HR). The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to assess depressive symptoms at baseline and after 2 years. The association between CVR and depressive status at baseline (n = 6545), and their changes after 2 years (n = 4566) were evaluated through multivariable regression models (logistic and linear models). HR women showed higher odds of depressive status than LR [OR (95% CI) = 1.78 (1.26, 2.50)]. MR and HR participants with total cholesterol <160 mg/mL showed higher odds of depression than LR [OR (95% CI) = 1.77 (1.13, 2.77) and 2.83 (1.25, 6.42) respectively)] but those with total cholesterol ≥280 mg/mL showed lower odds of depression than LR [OR (95% CI) = 0.26 (0.07, 0.98) and 0.23 (0.05, 0.95), respectively]. All participants decreased their BDI-II score after 2 years, being the decrease smaller in MR and HR diabetic compared to LR [adjusted mean±SE = -0.52±0.20, -0.41±0.27 and -1.25±0.31 respectively). MR and HR participants with total cholesterol between 240–279 mg/mL showed greater decreases in the BDI-II score compared to LR (adjusted mean±SE = -0.83±0.37, -0.77±0.64 and 0.97±0.52 respectively).

Conclusions
Improving cardiovascular health could prevent the onset of depression in the elderly. Diabetes and total cholesterol in individuals at high CVR, may play a specific role in the precise response. International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN89898870).
Does it matter in what family constellations adolescents live? Reconsidering the relationship between family structure and delinquent behaviour
Authors: Svensson Robert , Johnson Björn 
Published: April 2022

Objectives
This study examines the associations between ten family structure types and delinquency, including four groups of symmetrical and asymmetrical living arrangements. We also adjust for attachment to parents and parental monitoring.

Methods
Data are drawn from four cross-sectional surveys conducted between 2016 and 2019 in southern Sweden. The sample consists of 3,838 adolescents, aged 14–15. Negative binomial models were used to calculate the associations between family structure and delinquency.

Results
The results show that those living in single-father, single-mother, father-stepmother, mother-stepfather families report significantly more delinquency than adolescents living with both their parents. Adolescents living in “symmetrical” family arrangements, i.e. both parents are single or have a new partner, reported lower levels of delinquency, whereas adolescents living in “asymmetrical” family arrangements, i.e. where either the mother or the father, but not both, have a new partner, reported higher levels of delinquency. Most of the associations between family structure and delinquency decline when adjusted for attachment to parents and parental monitoring.

Discussion
This study shows that it is important to move on to the use of more detailed categorisations of family structure in relation to delinquency. We need to increase our knowledge about the group of adolescents that moves between parents and especially about the different constellations of asymmetrical and symmetrical living arrangements.
Facemasks: Perceptions and use in an ED population during COVID-19
Authors: Eswaran Vidya , Chang Anna Marie , Wilkerson R. Gentry , O’Laughlin Kelli N. , Chinnock Brian , Eucker Stephanie A. , Baumann Brigitte M. , Anaya Nancy , Miller Daniel G. , Haggins Adrianne N. , Torres Jesus R. , Anderson Erik S. , Lim Stephen C. , Caldwell Martina T. , Raja Ali S. , Rodriguez Robert M. ,   The REVVED-UP Investigators
Published: April 2022

Study objective
Facemask use is associated with reduced transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Most surveys assessing perceptions and practices of mask use miss the most vulnerable racial, ethnic, and socio-economic populations. These same populations have suffered disproportionate impacts from the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to assess beliefs, access, and practices of mask wearing across 15 urban emergency department (ED) populations.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study of ED patients from December 2020 to March 2021 at 15 geographically diverse, safety net EDs across the US. The primary outcome was frequency of mask use outside the home and around others. Other outcome measures included having enough masks and difficulty obtaining them.

Results
Of 2,575 patients approached, 2,301 (89%) agreed to participate; nine had missing data pertaining to the primary outcome, leaving 2,292 included in the final analysis. A total of 79% of respondents reported wearing masks “all of the time” and 96% reported wearing masks over half the time. Subjects with PCPs were more likely to report wearing masks over half the time compared to those without PCPs (97% vs 92%). Individuals experiencing homelessness were less likely to wear a mask over half the time compared to those who were housed (81% vs 96%).

Conclusions
Study participants reported high rates of facemask use. Respondents who did not have PCPs and those who were homeless were less likely to report wearing a mask over half the time and more likely to report barriers in obtaining masks. The ED may serve a critical role in education regarding, and provision of, masks for vulnerable populations.
COVID-19 community spread and consequences for prison case rates
Authors: LeMasters Katherine , Ranapurwala Shabbar , Maner Morgan , Nowotny Kathryn M. , Peterson Meghan , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren 
Published: April 2022

Background
COVID-19 and mass incarceration are closely intertwined with prisons having COVID-19 case rates much higher than the general population. COVID-19 has highlighted the relationship between incarceration and health, but prior work has not explored how COVID-19 spread in communities have influenced case rates in prisons. Our objective was to understand the relationship between COVID-19 case rates in the general population and prisons located in the same county.

Methods
Using North Carolina’s (NC) Department of Health and Human Services data, this analysis examines all COVID-19 tests conducted in NC from June-August 2020. Using interrupted time series analysis, we assessed the relationship between substantial community spread (50/100,000 detected in the last seven days) and active COVID-19 case rates (cases detected in the past 14 days/100,000) within prisons.

Results
From June-August 2020, NC ordered 29,605 tests from prisons and detected 1,639 cases. The mean case rates were 215 and 427 per 100,000 in the general and incarcerated population, respectively. Once counties reached substantial COVID-19 spread, the COVID-19 prison case rate increased by 118.55 cases per 100,000 (95% CI: -3.71, 240.81).

Conclusions
Community COVID-19 spread contributes to COVID-19 case rates in prisons. In counties with prisons, community spread should be closely monitored. Stringent measures within prisons (e.g., vaccination) and decarceration should be prioritized to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks.
The effect of metabolic health and obesity on lung function: A cross sectional study of 114,143 participants from Kangbuk Samsung Health Study
Authors: Lee Jonghoo , Park Hye Kyeong , Kwon Min-Jung , Ham Soo-Youn , Lim Si-Young , Song Jae-Uk 
Published: April 2022

Objective
Although the role of obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities in impaired lung function is well-established, the risk of impaired lung function among obese individuals without metabolic abnormalities, referred to metabolically-healthy obesity (MHO), is largely unexplored. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of MHO on lung function in a large health-screening cohort.

Methods
114,143 subjects (65,342 men, mean age and BMI: 39.6 years and 23.6) with health examinations in 2019 were divided into four groups as follows: metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), MHO, metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUHNO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO). Metabolic health was defined as fewer than two metabolic syndrome components. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs), using MHNO as a reference, were calculated to determine lung function impairment.

Results
Approximately one-third (30.6%) of the study subjects were obese. The prevalence of MHO was 15.1%. Subjects with MHO had the highest FEV1% and FVC% values but the lowest FEV1/FVC ratio (p<0.001). These results persisted after controlling for covariates. Compared with MHNO, the aORs (95% confidence interval) for FEV1% < 80% in MHO, MUHNO and MUHO were 0.871 (0.775–0.978), 1.274 (1.114–1.456), and 1.176 (1.102–1.366), respectively (P for trend = 0.014). Similarly, the aORs in MHO, MUHNO, and MUHO were 0.704 (0.615–0.805), 1.241 (1.075–1.432), and 1.226 (1.043–1.441), respectively, for FVC% < 80% (p for trend = 0.013). However, the aORs for FEV1/FVC<0.7 were not significantly different between groups (p for trend = 0.173).

Conclusions
The MHO group had better lung function than other groups. However, longitudinal follow-up studies are required to validate our findings.
The effect of transverse ocular magnification adjustment on macular thickness profile in different refractive errors in community-based adults
Authors: Niyazmand Hamed , Lingham Gareth , Sanfilippo Paul G. , Blaszkowska Magdalena , Franchina Maria , Yazar Seyhan , Alonso-Caneiro David , Mackey David A. , Lee Samantha Sze-Yee 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Changes in retinal thickness are common in various ocular diseases. Transverse magnification due to differing ocular biometrics, in particular axial length, affects measurement of retinal thickness in different regions. This study evaluated the effect of axial length and refractive error on measured macular thickness in two community-based cohorts of healthy young adults.

Methods
A total of 2160 eyes of 1247 community-based participants (18–30 years; 23.4% myopes, mean axial length = 23.6mm) were included in this analysis. Macular thickness measurements were obtained using a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (which assumes an axial length of 24.385mm). Using a custom program, retinal thickness data were extracted at the 9 Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) regions with and without correction for transverse magnificent effects, with the corrected measurements adjusting according to the participant’s axial length. Linear mixed models were used to analyse the effect of correction and its interaction with axial length or refractive group on retinal thickness.

Results
The raw measures (uncorrected for axial length) underestimated the true retinal thickness at the central macula, while overestimating at most non-central macular regions. There was an axial length by correction interaction effect in all but the nasal regions (all p<0.05). For each 1mm increase in axial length, the central macular thickness is overestimated by 2.7–2.9μm while thicknesses at other regions were underestimated by 0.2–4.1μm. Based on the raw thickness measurements, myopes have thinner retinas than non-myopes at most non-central macular. However, this difference was no longer significant when the corrected data was used.

Conclusion
In a community-based sample, the raw measurements underestimate the retinal thickness at the central macula and overestimate the retinal thickness at non-central regions of the ETDRS grid. The effect of axial length and refractive error on retinal thickness is reduced after correcting for transverse magnification effects resulting from axial length differences.
Taxonomic and ecological significance of seed morphology and ultrastructure in species of Lotus formerly classified in Dorycnium (Leguminosae – Loteae)
Authors: Kramina Tatyana E. , Polevova Svetlana V. 
Published: April 2022

Seed morphology and ultrastructure of Lotus species from sections Dorycnium (L. dorycnium and L. graecus), Bonjeanea (L. rectus, L. hirsutusand L. strictus) and Lotus (L. corniculatus) have been studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. The seeds of studied species have a conservative structure typical for most Papilionoideae. Seed size, shape and color only partially allow distinguishing species in the studied group. The most morphologically distinguishable seeds are those of members of the polyphyletic section Bonjeanea, with L. rectus having the smallest and L. strictus the largest seeds. Seed size ranges in the species of the section Dorycnium overlap both between the members of the section and with seeds of L. hirsutus (section Bonjeanea). Seed surface ultrastructure around the hilum is very stable among studied species, whereas that on the lateral seed side is more variable. The types of surface sculpture on the lateral seed side do not strongly correlate with taxonomic position of species, but some correlations with eco-geographical patterns can be traced. The type of seed surface micromorphology with inconspicuous primary sculpture and thick secondary cuticular deposits was revealed in taxa, which distribution is connected with the Mediterranean region (L. hirsutus, L. dorycnium subsp. gracilis and partially L. rectus). Foveolate-papillose primary sculpture with thin secondary cuticular deposits is typical for species occurring in milder climate (L. corniculatus, L. strictus, L. graecus). Studied species can be subdivided into two groups by endosperm thickness. We believe that thin endosperm revealed in L. strictus and L. corniculatus may be a trait connected with the acceleration of development when spreading from the Mediterranean to the temperate climatic zone.
Revision of the genus Hordeum (Poaceae) in Altai Territory
Authors: Gudkova Polina D. , Zolotov Dmitry V. , Kriuchkova Elizaveta A. , Ryzhakova Dar'ya D. 
Published: April 2022

The article presents a revision of the genus Hordeum (Poaceae) in Altai Territory based on the morphological study and field observation. We examined over 250 examples deposited in the ALTB, KUZ, NS, NSK, TK herbaria and recognized the following species: H. bogdanii Wilensky, H. brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link subsp. brevisubulatum, H. brevisubulatum (Trin.) Link subsp. nevskianum (Bowden) Tzvelev, H. caespitosum Scribn., H. distichon L., H. jubatumL., and H. roshevitzii Bowden. For the first time, H. caespitosum and H. distichon misidentified previously as H. murinum and H. vulgare respectively are reported in this region. The presence of H. murinum in this territory is not confirmed. The article suggests an updated key for identifying species of the genus Hordeum, specifies the distribution, provides the information on habitats and the illustrations of the main characters.
Budesonide Maintenance in Microscopic Colitis: Clinical Outcomes and Safety Profile From a Population-Based Study
Authors: Tome June , Sehgal Kanika , Kamboj Amrit K. , Comstock Bryce , Harmsen W, Scott , Khanna Sahil , Pardi Darrell S. 
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Outcomes and safety of budesonide maintenance therapy in microscopic colitis (MC) are not well known.

METHODS:
Adult residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, diagnosed with MC (2002–2019) and treated with budesonide were identified using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Response was assessed at 12 ± 4 weeks after initiation of therapy and defined as complete (resolution of diarrhea), partial (≥50% improvement in the number of bowel movements), nonresponse (<50% improvement), and intolerance (discontinued because of side effects). For safety outcomes, cases (budesonide maintenance) and MC controls (no budesonide therapy) were matched by sex and age at diagnosis (±2 years).

RESULTS:
A total of 450 patients were identified, of whom 162 (36.0%) were treated with budesonide for induction of clinical remission (median age 67 [23–91] years and 126 women [77.8%] ). Clinical outcomes for induction were as follows: 130 (80.2%) complete response, 22 (13.6%) partial response, 8 (4.9%) no response, and 2 (1.2%) intolerance. After induction, 96 (63.2%) had recurrence after discontinuation, of whom 27 (28.1%) required further budesonide induction treatment without maintenance, 56 (58.3%) required long-term budesonide maintenance, and 13 (13.5%) were treated with other therapies. Of those receiving budesonide maintenance, all responded (55 [98.2%] complete and 1 [1.8%] partial). No patient stopped maintenance from adverse events. The median duration of follow-up was 5.6 years (0.3–18.9). There was no significant difference between cases and controls in the incidence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, glaucoma, or cataracts.

DISCUSSION:
The long-term use of budesonide in MC seems to be effective and generally well tolerated with limited adverse effects.
Recommendations on the Appropriate Management of Steroids and Discharge Planning During and After Hospital Admission for Moderate-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Results of a RAND Appropriateness Panel
Authors: Dulai Parambir S. , Rai Victoria , Raffals Laura E. , Lukin Dana , Hudesman David , Kochhar Gursimran S. , Damas Oriana M. , Sauk Jenny S. , Levy Alexander N. , Sofia M. Anthony , Tuskey Anne , Deepak Parakkal , Yarur Andres J. , Afzali Anita , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N. , Cross Raymond K. , Hanauer Stephen B. , Siegel Corey A. 
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Limited guidance exists for the postdischarge care of patients with ulcerative colitis hospitalized for moderate-severe flares.

METHODS:
RAND methodology was used to establish appropriateness of inpatient and postdischarge steroid dosing, discharge criteria, follow-up, and postdischarge biologic or small molecule initiation. A literature review informed on the panel's voting, which occurred anonymously during 2 rounds before and after a moderated virtual session.

RESULTS:
Methylprednisolone 40–60 mg intravenous every 24 hours or hydrocortisone 100 mg intravenous 3 times daily is appropriate for inpatient management, with methylprednisolone 40 mg being appropriate if intolerant of higher doses. It is appropriate to discharge patients once rectal bleeding has resolved (Mayo subscore 0–1) and/or stool frequency has returned to baseline frequency and form (Mayo subscore 0–1). It is appropriate to discharge patients on 40 mg of prednisone after observing patients for 24 hours in hospital to ensure stability before discharge. For patients being discharged on steroids without in-hospital biologic or small molecule therapy initiation, it is appropriate to start antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy after discharge for anti-TNF-naive patients. For anti-TNF-exposed patients, it is appropriate to start vedolizumab or ustekinumab for all patients and tofacitinib for those with a low risk of adverse events. It is appropriate to follow up patients clinically within 2 weeks and with lower endoscopy within 4–6 months after discharge.

DISCUSSION:
We provide recommendations on the inpatient and postdischarge management of patients with ulcerative colitis hospitalized for moderate-severe flares.
Apresentação do Dossiê “Estado neoliberal e retrocessos democráticos nas políticas públicas de educação”
Authors: Souza Vilma Aparecida de , Richter Leonice Matilde , Souza Raquel Aparecida 
Published: April 2022

Prestes a completar 200 anos de sua independência nacional, o Brasil assiste, no atual momento político-econômico de ascensão de governos de extrema direita, o esgotamento de sua jovem democracia, a partir de uma racionalidade governante que une elementos do (neo)conservadorismo e do (neo)liberalismo. Apesar do estranhamento de tal combinação, para ambas as racionalidades os princípios democráticos e do Estado de Direito são prescindíveis. Quanto aos princípios do conservadorismo moderno e do liberalismo, Dombrowski (2020) destaca que o primeiro surge na passagem do século XVIII para o XIX, como um movimento de crítica aos pressupostos teóricos filosóficos da Revolução Francesa, como uma ideologia que se opõe historicamente ao liberalismo. Considerados campos políticos oponentes, muitos questionamentos emergem diante da aliança ideológica, firmada no âmago da nova direita, entre neoliberalismo e neoconservadorismo, que lançou candidaturas com o slogan “liberal na economia, conservadora nos costumes”. Um possível ponto de apoio para essa aliança, apesar do antagonismo e das contradições entre as duas correntes de pensamento, “remete a uma vigorosa negação da democracia” (DOMBROWSKI, 2020, p. 233). Seria a negação da democracia, o que aproxima neoliberais e neoconservadores. Porém, é preciso ressaltar que o conteúdo da democracia a ser negado não se refere àquela concepção minimalista de democracia consagrada pela teoria schumpeteriana, que se reduz a somente um método para a escolha de governantes, mas à negação do seu conteúdo substantivo que aponta para a igualdade e se opõe à liberdade: “tanto o liberalismo de Hayek quanto o conservadorismo de Burke entendem que toda política que encontra na igualdade uma referência moral é um atentado contra a liberdade” (p. 233).