bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partners' Experience of Informal Caregiving for Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Wang Zequan , Tocchi Christine 
Published: March 2022

Background
Individuals with heart failure (HF), a debilitating disease with ongoing adaptation and management, are often cared for by partner caregivers whose needs and voices are overshadowed by the demands of HF management. With multidimensional needs and complex challenges for individuals with HF, partner caregivers have to deal with uncertainty and need guidance. Given the vital role of partners, attention should be drawn toward understanding the experience of HF partner caregivers.

Objective
The aim of this study was to synthesize existing qualitative evidence related to caregivers' views and experiences of caring for their partners with HF. This knowledge would assist healthcare providers to better meet the demand of partners and provide them with effective guidance.

Methods
A meta-ethnography of qualitative evidence was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis recommendations for reporting systematic reviews. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE, as well as hand searches of the reference lists from included articles, was conducted. A combination of subject terms including MeSH and keywords related to HF, partner experience, and qualitative methods was used to identify studies. Studies were included if they were published in English between January 2000 and December 2020 and examined caregivers' experiences in providing care for their partner with HF by using qualitative methods.

Results
Ten articles were included, with 178 participants, and most partners were female. Five studies were conducted in the United States, and 4 studies were conducted in Sweden. Five studies reported partners' health problems; 8 of the studies delineated the inclusion and exclusion criteria for partners. Five overarching themes emerged: shouldering the responsibility, being overloaded, bearing emotional burdens, staying positive, and “left in the dark,” craving support from others.

Conclusions and Clinical Implications
Given the complex roles in caring for individuals with HF, more qualitative research is strongly warranted to enhance caregivers' support and education. A deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the experiences of caregivers for partners with HF is essential for developing tailored interventions. Healthcare providers should be aware of the importance of ongoing assessment and evaluate partner caregivers' needs and assist them in providing more information and formulating coping strategies as required.
Comparative Efficacy of Endoscopic Assist Devices on Colonic Adenoma Detection
Authors: Weissman Simcha , Mehta Tej I. , Stein Daniel J. , Tripathi Kartikeya , Rosenwald Nathan , Kolli Sindhura , Aziz Muhammad , Feuerstein Joseph D. 
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims:
Numerous endoscopic assist devices exist, yet data surrounding their comparative efficacy is lacking. We conducted a systematic review with network meta-analysis to determine the comparative efficacy of endoscopic assist devices on colonic adenoma detection.

Methods:
A systematic search was performed using multiple electronic databases through July 2020, to identify all randomized controlled trials and dual-arm observational studies compared with either other endoscopic assist devices and/or standard colonoscopy. The primary outcome was adenoma detection rate (ADR). Secondary outcomes included polyp detection rate (PDR), serrated adenoma detection rate (SADR), right-sided adenoma detection rate (RADR), and proximal adenoma detection rate (PADR).

Results:
Fifty-seven studies (31,051 patients) met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Network meta-analysis identified an enhanced ADR among (clear) cap [odds ratio (OR): 2.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45-4.99], endocuff, (OR: 4.95, 95% CI: 3.15-7.78), and endoring (OR: 3.68, 95% CI: 1.47-9.20)—with no significant difference amongst any particular device. Similar findings for PDR were also seen. Enhanced SADR was identified for endocuff (OR: 9.43) and endoring (OR: 4.06) compared with standard colonoscopy. Enhanced RADR (OR: 5.36) and PADR (OR: 3.78) were only identified for endocuff. Endocuff comparatively demonstrated the greatest ADR, PDR, and SADR, but this was not significant when compared with the other assist devices. Subgroup analysis of randomized controlled trials identified enhanced PDR and ADR for both cap and endocuff.

Conclusions:
Endoscopic assist devices displayed increased ADR and PDR as compared with standard colonoscopy and thus should be widely adopted. A nonsignificant trend was seen toward higher efficacy for the endocuff device.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Proton Pump Inhibitor Test in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Noncardiac Chest Pain
Authors: Ghoneim Sara , Wang Jiasheng , El Hage Chehade Nabil , Ganocy Stephen J. , Chitsaz Ehsan , Fass Ronnie 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Response to a trial of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is currently accepted as a first step in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, information on the diagnostic performance of the PPI test is limited.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the PPI test in GERD and noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) and to assess the test performance in erosive reflux disease (ERD) and nonerosive reflux disease (NERD).

Methods:
Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), and MEDLINE were searched for studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of the PPI test in adult patients with typical GERD and NCCP who underwent evaluation using an accepted reference standard, from January 1, 1950, through February 1, 2021. Subgroup analyses were performed, and the risk of bias was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool.

Results:
Nineteen studies (GERD=11, NCCP=8) involving 1691 patients were included. In GERD, the PPI test had 79% pooled sensitivity [95% confidence interval (CI), 72%-84%], and 45% pooled specificity (95% CI, 40%-49%). In NCCP, pooled sensitivity and specificity were 79% (95% CI, 69%-86%) and 79% (95% CI, 69%-86%), respectively. In ERD, the PPI test had 76% pooled sensitivity (95% CI, 66%-84%) and 30% pooled specificity (95% CI, 8%-67%). In NERD, the PPI test had 79% pooled sensitivity (95% CI, 70%-86%) and 50% pooled specificity (95% CI, 39%-61%).

Conclusions:
The PPI test was sensitive in GERD but with suboptimal specificity. The test performed better in GERD-related NCCP. Diagnostic accuracy was comparable in ERD and NERD.
Youtube videos for the most commonly applied radionuclide treatments: sufficient for patients as an information source?
Authors: Şan Hüseyin 
Published: March 2022

Objectives
YouTube is one of the most popular online sources of information for patients. The purpose of the study is to analyze the quality of YouTube videos about the most commonly applied radionuclide treatments.

Method
Related radionuclide therapy videos were searched on YouTube in October 2021. The quality of the videos was assessed by using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, the DISCERN Scale and the Global Quality Scale (GQS).

Results
A total of 473 videos were assessed and 270 were included in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the GQS score, videos were categorized as high-quality (n:63, 23.33%), intermediate quality (n:118, 43.70%) and low-quality (n:89, 32.96 %) groups. The findings of our study showed that the highest number of video views and comments were in the low-quality group. In addition; the number of video likes, views and comments were the lowest in the high-quality video group. The most viewed and commented as well as most liked videos and the videos of highest video power index scores were nonphysician sourced videos. The most quality videos were the physician-sourced videos in terms of JAMA, DISCERN and GQS scores.

Conclusion
Although high-quality videos about radionuclide treatments on YouTube may enlighten and motivate patients positively; it should be kept in mind that improper information may also be uploaded to this platform. Under the guidance of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, it is necessary to generate an official video in English with multilingual subtitles.
Neuropsychological Effects of Chemotherapy
Authors: Kim Hee-Ju , Kim Jung Eun Esther , Jung Sun Ok , Lee Dasuel , Abraham Ivo 
Published: March 2022

Background
Findings from longitudinal studies can provide more conclusive evidence as to the impact of chemotherapy on cognitive functioning.

Objectives
This study aimed to (a) synthesize the evidence from longitudinal studies of the neuropsychological effects associated with chemotherapy in breast cancer patients, (b) identify associated factors, and (c) evaluate methodological issues.

Methods
Data were extracted from PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria included the original study with the breast cancer sample, validated measure, and at least 1 baseline data point before and after chemotherapy began. Data accrued for sample characteristics, data-collection time points, statistical methods for longitudinal data analysis, outcome measures, and major findings (eg, longitudinal changes in cognitive function).

Results
We selected 42 articles for this review. The sample sizes ranged from 20 to 610, and most recruited were younger than 70 years. We found a trend across studies—statistically significant objective cognitive function deteriorations in severity and prevalence after initiating chemotherapy compared with a control group or relative to their baseline observations. A subsample, as high as 65%, experienced marked declines in cognitive function after initiating chemotherapy. The memory domain was most affected. The consistently associated factors were education, IQ, and regimen. Major methodological concerns were the measurement—the wide range of neuropsychological tests and a test’s unclear domains.

Conclusion
Chemotherapy affects objective cognitive function in some subsets. The highest-impact time point, mechanisms, and clinical significance of chemotherapy-associated cognitive impairment need additional evidence.

Implication for Practice
Clinicians must assess and manage cognitive impairment during and after chemotherapy.
Cultural Humility Toolkit
Authors: Foronda Cynthia , Prather Susan , Baptiste Diana-Lyn , Luctkar-Flude Marian 
Published: March 2022

Background:
Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are increasingly recognized as core values for nursing education and practice.

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to offer teaching tools and strategies to integrate cultural humility within the nursing curriculum and create a more inclusive learning environment.

Approach:
Various teaching tools, methods, and strategies are presented.

Outcomes:
Use of ground rules, an environmental assessment, examination of the curriculum landscape and teaching materials, bias awareness activity, modified privilege walk, Modified Monopoly, simulation, low-income community experiences, study abroad, debriefing, and evaluation with valid and reliable tools are suggested.

Conclusions:
By threading cultural humility concepts throughout the curriculum, nurse educators have the potential to shape learner perspectives to better appreciate and value diversity.
Toward good governance for the prosthetics and orthotics sector in Iran: Evidence from a qualitative study
Authors: Shahabi Saeed , Pardhan Shahina , Shabaninejad Hosein , Teymourlouy Ahmad Ahmadi , Tabrizi Reza , Lankarani Kamran Bagheri 
Published: March 2022

Background:Prosthetics and orthotics (P&O) services are essential health services whose desired provision is considered as prerequisite to achieving universal health coverage. However, the P&O sector is sometimes not audited and governed, leading to groups that receive and offer the services to face challenges for benefits in Iran.Objectives:To identify common challenges of governance for the P&O sector and provide some potential policy recommendations to strengthen it.Study design:Qualitative study.Methods:This study was conducted using semistructured in-depth interviews with prosthetists and orthotists (n = 13), P&O academicians (n = 6), and healthcare policy-makers (n = 8). The interview guide was also established based on 10 dimensions of the Framework for Governance of Healthcare System.Results:Challenges identified included no legislation on P&O services, insufficient government support, uninformed policy-makers, and lack of interest by powerful stakeholders. In addition, nontransparent policy-making, inadequate distribution of workforce across the country, and lack of insurance coverage for P&O services were also raised as other challenges. The respondents identified the need for clear legislation to inform policy-makers and to seek advocacy from the government.Conclusions:The governance of the P&O sector in Iran has faced with a number of challenges that have made it unable to respond to existing demands desirably. Hence, it is important and necessary to adopt effective and comprehensive policies to reduce current challenges and barriers and improve the governance for P&O services.
Regarding Arthroscopy
Authors: Ike Robert W. , Kalunian Kenneth C. 
Published: March 2022

Background/Objective
Rheumatologists' interest in arthroscopy began before the 1980s, when many era practitioners began to take up the procedure in earnest. Some of the important players in pre–World War II explorations of arthroscopy were rheumatologists, and the father of modern arthroscopy Makei Watanabe counted many rheumatologists among his postwar students, who were publishing about arthroscopic insights into rheumatic conditions in the 1960s and 1970s. We chose to review this evolution to demonstrate the diverging interests of rheumatologists and orthopedists in arthroscopy and emphasize the chances for reconciliation and cooperation. Methods involve our personal recollection and review of the literature.

Results
Guidelines for the practice of arthroscopy were published by the American Rheumatism Association (now the American College of Rheumatology) 7 years before similar guidelines appeared from the Arthroscopy Association of North America. American rheumatologists ceased arthroscopy when controlled trials showed no effect in osteoarthritis beyond placebo and biologics for synovitis virtually eliminated situations in which synovectomy might be considered. The research potential of arthroscopy has been realized mainly by European rheumatologists, although the ultrasound-guided biopsy is supplanting arthroscopy as means to secure synovium for investigation, despite the advantages of the latter, such as the ability to obtain larger amounts of tissue, select tissue based on macroscopic appearance, sample multiple area in the same joint, and deliver the potentially therapeutic effect of washout. New miniscopes suitable for office use could restore some of the lagging interest in arthroscopy for investigation. Orthopedists have generally been resistant to rheumatologists doing arthroscopy but would not be sharing any turf with rheumatologists using the miniscope.

Conclusions
We hope that we orthopedists and rheumatologists could be friends as we enter this new phase of arthroscopy as we use the technique for different purposes.
Utility of Functional MRI and Magnetoencephalography in the Diagnosis of Infantile Spasms and Hypsarrhythmia
Authors: Coan Ana Carolina , Cavalcante Charlington M. , Burgess Richard C. 
Published: March 2022

Summary:Neuroimaging and neurophysiology techniques can add a significant contribution to the comprehension of infantile spasms (IS) and hypsarrhythmia. Functional MRI and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are two noninvasive tools that can be used in young children with IS. In the past two decades, interesting data about IS have emerged from functional MRI and MEG studies. Regarding their clinical utility, MEG has supported the concept that epileptic spasms can have a focal origin. Moreover, MEG might contribute to the localization of the epileptogenic zone in children with IS under investigation for epilepsy surgery. Functional MRI data have contributed to improve the knowledge about the physiopathology of IS and hypsarrhythmia. It has demonstrated abnormal brainstem involvement during the high-amplitude slow waves of hypsarrhythmia and cortical involvement during the epileptiform discharges. Since the feasibility of these techniques has been demonstrated in infants, it is possible that, in the future, larger functional MRI and MEG studies might contribute to the treatment and the definition of the long-term prognosis of children with IS.
LncRNA Malat1 represses Th17 effector program by maintaining a critical bivalent super-enhancer and promotes intestinal inflammation
Authors: Ma Shengyun , Zhou Bing , Abe Yohei , Chen Nicholas , Luo Claire , Zheng Anna , Li Yuxin , Patel Parth R. , Patel Shefali A. , Hao Yajing , Chang John T. , Fu Xiang-Dong , Huang Wendy Jia Men 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInterleukin IL-17 cytokines are central regulators of mucosal homeostasis and disease. In mouse models of colonic tissue injury, IL-17A promotes epithelial barrier functions and restricts local inflammation. Here, we report that IL-17A production by the diverse T lymphocyte subsets is dynamically regulated at different stages of colitis pathogenesis. During the onset and peak of the disease, Tγδ17 cells are the major IL-17A producers, while Th17 activity is temporally restricted by long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Malat1. In response to IL-6 and TGFβ signaling, Malat1 is recruited to the Th17-specific cis-regulatory elements, CNS3 and CNS4, of the Il17a locus to fine-tune bivalent super-enhancer activities and repress local transcription. During the resolution phase of inflammation, Malat1 expression is down-regulated to enhance Th17 activities, allowing Th17 cells to emerge as the main producers of IL-17A in the colonic lamina propria. Genetic ablation of Malat1 potentiates IL-17A production in Th17 cells and improves disease outcomes in mouse models of colitis. These findings uncover a surprising role of a chromatin-associated lncRNA in regulating colonic Th17-specific responses to control the timing of inflammation resolution.Significance StatementT cells are critical modulators of mucosal barrier function and inflammation. The function of long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in T cells and their role in mucosal inflammation remain elusive. Here, we identify an essential role of the lncRNA Malat1 restricting transcription of the Il17a locus in Th17 cells encoding a cytokine implicated in epithelial barrier function post-injury. By controlling the activity of the bivalent super-enhancer at the Il17a locus, Malat1 regulates the timing of inflammation resolution in the intestine. The Malat1-Il17a pathway reveals new targets for combating mucosal diseases.Graphic Abstract
REVERSE: A user-friendly web server for analyzing next-generation sequencing data from in vitro selection/evolution experiments
Authors: Weiss Zoe , DasGupta Saurja 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTNext-generation sequencing (NGS) enables the identification of functional nucleic acid sequences from in vitro selection/evolution experiments and illuminates the evolutionary process at single nucleotide resolution. However, analyzing the vast output from NGS can be daunting, especially with limited programming skills. No single platform exists that performs all the steps necessary to generate publishable results starting with raw sequence data. We developed REVERSE (Rapid EValuation of Experimental RNA Selection/Evolution) (https://www.reverseserver.org/), a web server that incorporates an integrated computational pipeline through a graphical user interface, which performs both pre-processing and sequence level analyses within minutes. FASTQ files from multiple rounds are quality filtered, dereplicated, and trimmed before being analyzed by two pipelines. The first pipeline counts, sorts, and tracks enrichment of unique sequences and tracks the enrichment of sequence motifs. It also identifies mutational intermediates present in the sequence data that connect two input sequences. The second pipeline sorts similar sequences into clusters and tracks enrichment of peak sequences. It also performs nucleotide conservation analysis on the cluster of choice. Both pipelines generate downloadable high-resolution figures. Collectively, REVERSE is a one stop-solution for the rapid analysis of NGS data obtained from in vitro selection/evolution experiments that obviates the need for computational expertise.
Neuronal temperature perception induces specific defenses that enable C. elegans to cope with the enhanced reactivity of hydrogen peroxide at high temperature
Authors: Servello Francesco A. , Fernandes Rute , Eder Matthias , Harris Nathan , Martin Olivier M. F. , Oswal Natasha , Lindberg Anders , Derosiers Nohelly , Sengupta Piali , Stroustrup Nicholas , Apfeld Javier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHydrogen peroxide is the most common reactive chemical that organisms face on the microbial battlefield. The rate with which hydrogen peroxide damages biomolecules required for life increases with temperature, yet little is known about how organisms cope with this temperature-dependent threat. Here, we show that Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes use temperature information perceived by sensory neurons to cope with the temperature-dependent threat of hydrogen peroxide produced by the pathogenic bacterium Enterococcus faecium. These nematodes preemptively induce the expression of specific hydrogen peroxide defenses in response to perception of high temperature by a pair of sensory neurons. These neurons communicate temperature information to target tissues expressing those defenses via an insulin/IGF1 hormone. This strategy, which we call “enhancer sensing,” is the first example of a multicellular organism inducing their defenses to a chemical when they sense an inherent enhancer of the reactivity of that chemical.
Multi-finger Receptive Field Properties in Primary Somatosensory Cortex: A Revised Account of the Spatio-Temporal Integration Functions of Area 3b
Authors: Trzcinski Natalie K. , Hsiao S.S. , Connor Charles E. , Gomez-Ramirez Manuel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe leading view in the somatosensory system indicates that area 3b serves as a cortical relay site that encodes cutaneous (tactile) features limited to individual digits. Our recent work argues against this model by showing that cells in area 3b integrate information from cutaneous and proprioceptive modalities. Here, we further test this model, by studying the multi-finger neural integration properties of area 3b. In contrast to the prevailing view, we found that most cells in area 3b have a receptive field (RF) that extends to multiple digits. Responses to tactile stimulation emerged earlier in cells with a multi-digit (MD) vs. single-digit (SD) RF. We also found that the RF size of MD cells (the number of responsive digits) increased across time, and the orientation preference across digits was highly correlated. Taken together, these data provide strong evidence that area 3b plays a larger role in generating neural representations of tactile objects, as opposed to just being a ‘feature detector’ relay site.