bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting El Niño–La Niña Predictability and Prediction Skill in 2-Year Reforecasts of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Sharmila S. , Hendon H. , Alves O. , Weisheimer A. , Balmaseda M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Despite the growing demand for long-range ENSO predictions beyond 1 year, quantifying the skill at these lead times remains limited. This is partly due to inadequate long records of seasonal reforecasts that make skill estimates of irregular ENSO events quite challenging. Here, we investigate ENSO predictability and the dependency of prediction skill on the ENSO cycle using 110 years of 24-month-long 10-member ensemble reforecasts from ECMWF’s coupled model (SEAS5-20C) initialized on 1 November and 1 May during 1901–2010. Results show that Niño-3.4 SST can be skillfully predicted up to ∼18 lead months when initialized on 1 November, but skill drops at ∼12 lead months for May starts that encounter the boreal spring predictability barrier in year 2. The skill beyond the first year is highly conditioned to the phase of ENSO: Forecasts initialized at peak El Niño are more skillful in year 2 than those initialized at peak La Niña, with the transition to La Niña being more predictable than to El Niño. This asymmetry is related to the subsurface initial conditions in the western equatorial Pacific: peak El Niño states evolving into La Niña are associated with strong upper-ocean heat discharge of the western Pacific, the memory of which stays beyond 1 year. In contrast, the western Pacific recharged state associated with La Niña is usually weaker and shorter-lived, being a weaker preconditioner for subsequent El Niño, the year after. High prediction skill of ENSO events beyond 1 year provides motivation for extending the lead time of operational seasonal forecasts up to 2 years.
Mental health differences between multiracial and monoracial college students in the United States: Emerging racial disparities
Authors: Oh Hans , Du Jinyu , Smith Lee , Koyanagi Ai 
Published: November 2022

Background: Multiracial individuals appear to be at higher risk for mental health problems; however, more research is needed to confirm these racial disparities among young adult college populations. Methods: We analyzed data from the Health Minds Study ( N = 99728 young adult college students aged 18–34), collected online across 140 college campuses from September 2020 to June 2021. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations between multiracial identity and several mental health outcomes, including mental and behavioral health (depression, anxiety, languishing, perceived need, loneliness), self-injurious behaviors (non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt), and history of lifetime psychiatric disorders, adjusting for age and gender. Results: Almost a tenth of the weighted sample were multiracial. Multiracial students had greater odds of all mental and behavioral health outcomes, self-injurious behaviors (though only marginally significant for suicide attempt), and most lifetime psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: Multiracial young adult college students were more likely to have mental health problems than their monoracial counterparts, calling for targeted preventive interventions on college campuses to address these mental health disparities.
3D printing of continuous fiber reinforced cellular structural composites for the study of bending performance
Authors: Cui Ziying , Huang Xiayan , Jia Mengwei , Panahi-Sarmad Mahyar , Hossen MD Imran , Dong Ke , Xiao Xueliang 
Published: November 2022

Optimization of 3D printing factors has been the underlying issue for the last decade. Herein, a 3D-printing procedure was operated to fabricate continuous fiber-reinforced composites in various shape-filled cellular structures based on Kevlar fiber and polylactic acid The efficient processing parameters in bending performance have been systematically studied, such as printing path, fiber orientation, infill density, cell length, and layer thickness. A three-point bending test revealed that, as the effective density increased, there was an irrefutable rise in strength and stiffness of CFRCs with different infill structures. Structural parameters like cell length could improve bending performance; this effect was evaluated by adjusting the fiber orientations along the stretching direction. Furthermore, a finite element model was developed, and its results were verified with the experimental results. The sample of the rhombus-filled cellular CFRCs with a layer thickness of 0.1 mm was found to have the highest bending strength and modulus of 53.61 MPa and 2728.41 MPa, respectively. Since mechanical behavior mostly depends on numerous microstructural factors, plenty of prototypes should be designed to achieve the required bending strength and flexural modulus—this work is a pattern guide to reduce the number of printed samples.
Joint Association of Diabetes and Physical Activity With Falls Among Midlife and Older Adults: 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Oh Minsuk , Ylitalo Kelly R. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose We examined joint associations of diabetes and physical activity (PA) with falls. Design Complex survey (cross-sectional) design using the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (Response rate was 53% (landline phones) and 46% (cellular phones)). Setting National survey in the U.S. Subjects Adults ≥45 years who self-reported diabetes status, PA, and falls ( n = 295,282; 98.5% of eligible samples; N = 130,103,093) were classified into 4 groups: no diabetes–PA, no diabetes–no PA, diabetes–PA, diabetes–no PA. Measures Self-reported PA, diabetes, falls, and major health characteristics. Analysis Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association of groups with any (≥1 fall) falls. Results Compared to no diabetes–active groups, no diabetes–inactive (Relative Risk (RR) = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.26), diabetes–active (RR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.30), and diabetes–inactive (RR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.51) groups were more likely to report falls, independent of tested covariates. Conclusions Leisure-time PA may mitigate the likelihood of falls in adults with and without diabetes. Our findings could be useful for healthcare providers or clinicians to promote the importance of PA in midlife and older adults who are at risk of falls and/or diabetes. More detailed longitudinal information on objectively-estimated PA and a more frequent fall calendar are warranted to prevent recall bias and temporal ambiguity (causality between PA and falls).
Temporizing stent graft for aortoenteric fistula with massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Authors: Patel Raj M , Bye Matthew A , Batista Philip M 
Published: November 2022

Objectives We present a case of a 59-year-old male with an actively bleeding aortoenteric fistula (AEF) that was temporized using an endovascular stent prior to staged open reconstruction. Methods Verbal informed consent was given by the patient’s family for publication of this case report. The patient presented with pulseless electrical activity secondary to hemorrhagic shock due to a massive gastrointestinal bleed. His past surgical history included an aortobifemoral bypass (ABFB) that subsequently underwent extra-anatomic reconstruction with right axillofemoral artery bypass for right femoral infected pseudoaneurysm. Two months prior to presentation, he underwent a second revision with in-situ reconstruction for left limb graft infection. CTA now demonstrated actively bleeding AEF. He was emergently treated with endovascular stenting. Once stabilized, a two-stage revision with extra-anatomic bypass and aortic stump closure for management of his AEF was performed. Result The patient was adequately stabilized using endovascular techniques followed by two-stage revision but unfortunately expired secondary to septic shock 20 days postoperatively. Conclusion This case highlights the utility of endovascular stent graft to successfully obtain hemodynamic stability and optimization prior to open repair of AEFs.
The criminalisation of migration in Italy: Current tendencies in the light of EU law
Authors: Mentasti Giulia 
Published: November 2022

The word crimmigration first appeared in the USA about twenty years ago, following some studies that for the first time had observed a general tightening in the instruments available for managing the migration phenomenon. More specifically, these studies observed a progressive and real hybridisation between the administrative tools (usually adopted in the management of migratory flows) and criminal law instruments, obviously much more incisive on the personal freedom of foreigners. While retaining this feature, recent studies show that today, crimmigration results, also, in few more related features: an overcriminalisation that affects the foreigners and those who, for solidarity purposes, provide them with assistance (as in the case of the incrimination of the conduct of NGOs); or, again, in the inappropriate use of administrative law instruments, loaded with purposes and modalities typical of criminal law. Starting from these premises, the aim of the article is to assess whether the rationale of crimmigration is present in the instruments set up by the Italian Legislator for border control and migration management. To this end, these instruments will be taken into consideration by analysing their contents and their possible compliance with the logic of crimmigration, contextualising them in the broader and more debated European framework of measures on the matter.
Increased left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex density following escitalopram intake during relearning: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in healthy humans
Authors: Vanicek Thomas , Reed Murray B. , Seiger René , Godbersen Godber M. , Klöbl Manfred , Unterholzner Jakob , Spurny-Dworak Benjamin , Gryglewski Gregor , Handschuh Patricia , Schmidt Clemens , Kraus Christoph , Stimpfl Thomas , Rupprecht Rainer , Kasper Siegfried , Lanzenberger Rupert 
Published: November 2022

Background: Serotonergic agents affect brain plasticity and reverse stress-induced dendritic atrophy in key fronto-limbic brain areas associated with learning and memory. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of the antidepressant escitalopram on gray matter during relearning in healthy individuals to inform a model for depression and the neurobiological processes of recovery. Design: Randomized double blind placebo control, monocenter study. Methods: In all, 76 (44 females) healthy individuals performed daily an associative learning task with emotional or non-emotional content over a 3-week period. This was followed by a 3-week relearning period (randomly shuffled association within the content group) with concurrent daily selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (i.e., 10 mg escitalopram) or placebo intake. Results: Via voxel-based morphometry and only in individuals that developed sufficient escitalopram blood levels over the 21-day relearing period, an increased density of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was found. When investigating whether there was an interaction between relearning and drug intervention for all participants, regardless of escitalopram levels, no changes in gray matter were detected with either surfaced-based or voxel-based morphometry analyses. Conclusion: The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affects executive function and emotional processing, and is a critical mediator of symptoms and treatment outcomes of depression. In line, the findings suggest that escitalopram facilitates neuroplastic processes in this region if blood levels are sufficient. Contrary to our hypothesis, an effect of escitalopram on brain structure that is dependent of relearning content was not detected. However, this may have been a consequence of the intensity and duration of the interventions. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02753738; Trial Name: Enhancement of learning associated neural plasticity by Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02753738 .
ActiveHip+: A feasible mHealth system for the recovery of older adults after hip surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Prieto-Moreno Rafael , Estévez-López Fernando , Molina-Garcia Pablo , Mora-Traverso Marta , Deschamps Kevin , Claeys Kurt , de Buyser Janou , Ariza-Vega Patrocinio 
Published: November 2022

Objective Half of older adults undergoing hip surgery do not recover their previous functional status. mHealth is a promising tool for rehabilitating older adults after hip surgery. This study aimed to test the feasibility of the ActiveHip+ mHealth system in older adults after hip surgery. Methods Sixty-nine older adults who had undergone hip surgery and their family caregivers were recruited from hospitals in Spain and Belgium and used the ActiveHip+ mHealth system for 12 weeks. Assessments were made during hospital stay and 3 months after surgery. Feasibility assessment included: adoption (participation proportion), usage (access to the app), satisfaction with the app (Net Promoter Score) and user perception of the quality of the app (Mobile App Rating Scale). Clinical assessment included: patient-reported outcomes, such as functional status (Functional Independence Measure) and performance-based outcomes, such as physical fitness (Short Physical Performance Battery). Results The ActiveHip+ mHealth system obtained satisfactory feasibility results in both countries. In Spain, we observed 85% adoption, 64% usage, 8.86/10 in satisfaction with the app and 4.42/5 in perceived quality of the app. In Belgium, we observed 82% adoption, 84% usage, 5.16/10 in satisfaction with the app and 3.52/5 in app's perceived quality. The intervention had positive effects on levels of functional status, pain and physical fitness. Conclusions The ActiveHip+ mHealth system is a feasible tool to conduct the rehabilitation in older adults after hip surgery. Although the intervention seemed beneficial clinically, we do not recommend its implementation in clinical settings until appropriately designed randomised clinical trials confirm these results.
Determining Bias in Ankle Replacement Studies Conducted by Design vs Non-Design Surgeons
Authors: Nadeau Elizabeth , Ottofaro Trevor D. , Hoch Caroline P. , Morris Jesse H. , Scott Daniel J. , Gross Christopher E. 
Published: November 2022

Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is an alternative to ankle arthrodesis for the treatment of end-stage arthritis while maintaining greater ankle motion and functionality. Early generation implants had unacceptably high complication rates. Increasing experience of foot and ankle surgeons with the procedure and newer third-generation designs have the potential to offer better outcomes; however, the literature has shown that articles written by design surgeons presents biased results. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the reported outcomes between studies conducted by design and non-design surgeons. Methods: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE for all articles published between 1996 and 2021 was conducted with a minimum two-year follow-up. Two reviewers evaluated each study to determine whether it was eligible for inclusion and abstracted the data of interest. Meta-analytic pooling of group results across studies was performed, including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) (i.e., AOFAS, FFI, SF-36). Fifty-two implant groups met inclusion criteria, of which eight were authored by a design surgeon. In total, 4,693 subjects were included with a mean age of 59.89 years and mean BMI of 27.77 kg/m2. Statistical analysis between articles of design and non-design surgeons was performed using two-tailed Student t-test. Results: Overall, at mean follow-up of 68.91 months, the reoperation rate was 25.2% (design=23.5%, non-design=25.5%, p=.843), revision rate was 9.3% (design=9.0%, non-design=9.4%, p=.935), and conversion to arthrodesis rate was 5.0% (design=2.5%, non- design=5.5%, p=.243). According to the COFAS Reoperations Coding System (CROCS), the majority of reoperations were not around the ankle (Code 1: 76.65%). Mean postoperative plantarflexion (p=.007) and mean preoperative dorsiflexion (p=.006) were significantly greater among non-design surgeons' reports. There was no difference in any pre- or postoperative PROM between groups. The implant survival rate at one, two, five, and ten years was 97.7% (design=98.5%, non-design=97.6%, p=.732), 96.5% (design=97.0%, non-design=96.4%, p=.865), 92.1% (design=96.4%, non-design=91.3%, p=.865), and 79.2% (design=87.9%, non- design=76.3%, p=.070), respectively (Table 1). Conclusion: In the reporting of TAAs, design surgeons do not appear to be biased. Although reoperation, revision, and conversion to arthrodesis rates were worse among non-design surgeons, this was not significant. Similarly, implant survival was reportedly better for design surgeons, but this was not significant either. However, there was greater implant survival in the design surgeon group at ten years, as compared to non-design surgeons, with a p-value approaching statical significance. Overall, there was no obvious evidence of bias in TAA studies comparing design vs non-design surgeons in studies of TAA implants.
Evaluation of Distal Tibiofibular Interosseous Ligament Angle and Its Relevance in Syndesmosis Fixation
Authors: Ong Jason , Benjamin Biju , Choi Enhsun , Drampalos Efstathios , Syed Turab 
Published: November 2022

Category: Ankle; Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: The interosseous ligament (IOL) of the ankle, together with the anterior and posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (ATFL and PITFL), are important structures which stabilizes the inferior tibiofibular joint. Besides securing the fibula tightly to tibia, these ligaments prevent excessive lateral fibular displacement and external talar rotation. Thus, any injury to either bone or ligaments at this level will result in instability and abnormal joint motion. Our study aims to evaluate the anatomical angle of the ankle interosseous ligament on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies to better understand the biomechanical forces that act within the distal tibiofibular joint, relevance of assimilating the anatomical angle and its relevance in syndesmosis fixations. Methods: MRIs of ankles were chosen anonymously from the global PACS system database between the months September to October 2020. A total of 34 patients' MRIs were identified. Patients who sustained bone or soft tissue injury at the level of ankle syndesmosis were excluded to avoid any ambiguity in altered position of the IOL due to trauma. The angle of interosseous ligament from the tibial plafond was measured on the coronal plane. The axial plane was used as a reference to ensure correct position of measurement. This was done in collaboration with radiologists to ensure that IOL is correctly identified, prior to start of the study. The angle was measured separately by two different investigators and the average angle was obtained for each MRI. Data was tabulated and statistical analysis was done. Results: All of the 20 ankles identified during the study period were included in the analysis. There were 10 male and 10 female patients. Nine were left ankles and 11 were right ankles. The median age was 54 years (range 14 - 83). The mean IOL angle was 65.66 degrees. The standard error of difference between the 2 investigators was 0.567 and the two-tailed P value was 0.4980. By conventional criteria, this difference is considered to be not statistically significant. Conclusion: The ligament angle formed against tibial plafond bears theoretical relevance. We propose further cadaveric studies to confirm IOL anatomical ligament angle and carrying out implant failure stress test in a lab between the implant inserted parallel to the normal angle of IOL (65 degrees) vs 90 degrees. We also propose that such studies may show that all implants to stabilize the syndesmosis may be more effective if we try to reproduce nature by replicating as close to the IOL's anatomical angle rather than using a long held dogma of fixing syndesmosis to neutralize the forces as nature intended.
GPR183 antagonism reduces macrophage infiltration in influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Foo Cheng Xiang , Bartlett Stacey , Chew Keng Yih , Ngo Minh Dao , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle , Arachchige Buddhika Jayakody , Matthews Benjamin , Reed Sarah , Wang Ran , Smith Christian , Sweet Matthew J. , Burr Lucy , Bisht Kavita , Shatunova Svetlana , Sinclair Jane E. , Parry Rhys , Yang Yuanhao , Lévesque Jean-Pierre , Khromykh Alexander , Rosenkilde Mette Marie , Short Kirsty R. , Ronacher Katharina 
Published: November 2022

RationaleSevere viral respiratory infections are often characterised by extensive myeloid cell infiltration and activation and persistent lung tissue injury. However, the immunological mechanisms driving excessive inflammation in the lung remain poorly understood.ObjectivesTo identify the mechanisms that drive immune cell recruitment in the lung during viral respiratory infections and identify novel drug targets to reduce inflammation and disease severity.MethodsPreclinical murine models of influenza A virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.ResultsOxidised cholesterols and the oxysterol-sensing receptor GPR183 were identified as drivers of monocyte/macrophage infiltration to the lung during influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both IAV and SARS-CoV-2 infection upregulated the enzymes cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) and cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily member B1 (CYP7B1) in the lung, resulting in local production of the oxidised cholesterols 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC) and 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC). Loss-of-function mutation of Gpr183 or treatment with a GPR183 antagonist reduced macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine production in the lungs of IAV- or SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. The GPR183 antagonist significantly attenuated the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral loads. Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data on bronchoalveolar lavage samples from healthy controls and COVID-19 patients with moderate and severe disease revealed thatCH25H,CYP7B1andGPR183are significantly upregulated in macrophages during COVID-19.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that oxysterols drive inflammation in the lungviaGPR183 and provides the first preclinical evidence for the therapeutic benefit of targeting GPR183 during severe viral respiratory infections.