bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is adjuvant chemotherapy necessary in older patients with breast cancer?
Authors: Morita Midori , Shimomura Akihiko , Tokuda Emi , Horimoto Yoshiya , Kawamura Yukino , Ishizuka Yumiko , Sekine Katsutoshi , Obayashi Sayaka , Kojima Yuki , Uemura Yukari , Higuchi Toru 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Due to the lack of clinical trials on the efficacy of chemotherapy in older patients, an optimal treatment strategy has not been developed. We investigated whether adjuvant chemotherapy could improve the survival of older patients with breast cancer in Japan.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data of patients with breast cancer aged ≥ 70 years who underwent breast cancer surgery in eight hospitals between 2008 and 2013. Clinical treatment and follow-up data were obtained from the patients’ medical electric records.

Results
A total of 1095 patients were enrolled, of which 905 were included in the initial non-matched analysis. The median age and follow-up period were 75 (range 70–93) and 6.3 years, respectively. Of these patients, 127 (14%) received adjuvant chemotherapy (Chemo group) while the remaining 778 (86%) did not (Control group). The Chemo group was younger (mean age in years 73 vs 76; P < 0.0001), had a larger pathological tumor size (mean mm 25.9 vs 19.9; P < 0.0001), and more metastatic axillary lymph nodes (mean numbers 2.7 vs 0.7; P < 0.0001) than the Control group. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.783 and P = 0.558). After matched analyses, DFS was found to be significantly prolonged with adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.037); however, OS difference in the matched cohort was not statistically significant (P = 0.333).

Conclusion
The results showed that adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a reduced risk of recurrence, but survival benefits were limited.
A fibre-based 2D-slit homogenizer concept for high-precision space-based spectrometer missions
Authors: Hummel Timon , Coatantiec Claude , Gnata Xavier , Lamour Tobias , Rivière Rémi , Meister Christian , Stute Andreas , Krauser Jasper , Weise Dennis , Wenig Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe measurement accuracy of recent and future space-based imaging spectrometers with a high spectral and spatial resolution suffer from the inhomogeneity of the radiances of the observed Earth scene. The Instrument Spectral Response Function (ISRF) is distorted due to the inhomogeneous illumination from scene heterogeneity. This gives rise to a pseudo-random error on the measured spectra. In order to assess the spectral stability of the spectrograph, stringent requirements are typically defined on the ISRF such as shape knowledge and the stability of the centroid position of the spectral sample. The high level of spectral accuracy is particularly crucial for missions quantifying small variations in the total column of well-mixed trace gases like $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

. In the framework of the $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$

CO
2

Monitoring Mission (CO2M) industrial feasibility study (Phase A/B1 study), we investigated a new slit design called 2D-Slit Homogenizer (2DSH). This new concept aims to reduce the Earth scene contrast entering the instrument. The 2DSH is based on optical fibre waveguides assembled in a bundle, which scramble the light in across-track (ACT) and along-track (ALT) direction. A single fibre core dimension in ALT defines the spectral extent of the slit and the dimension in ACT represents the spatial sample of the instrument. The full swath is given by the total size of the adjoined fibres in ACT direction. In this work, we provide experimental measurement data on the stability of representative rectangular core shaped fibre as well as a preliminary pre-development of a 2DSH fibre bundle. In our study, the slit concept has demonstrated significant performance gains in the stability of the ISRF for several extreme high-contrast Earth scenes, achieving a shape stability of $$<0.5{\%}$$

<
0.5
%

and a centroid stability of $$<0.25 \ \text {pm}$$

<
0.25

pm

(NIR). Given this unprecedented ISRF stabilization, we conclude that the 2DSH concept efficiently desensitizes the instrument for radiometric and spectral errors with respect to the heterogeneity of the Earth scene radiance.
Reappraisal of Duration and Eruptive Rates in Deccan Volcanic Province, India
Authors: Kale Vivek S. , Pande Kanchan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Rapidly expanding geochronological, paleomagnetic and volcanological data of the Deccan Volcanic Province (DVP) has given new insights to the expansive knowledge on it that had been built up through the preceding decades. Precursory Late Cretaceous (80 – 68 Ma) magmatic activity across the Indian subcontinent preceded the main event of volcanism. The main Deccan event involved nearly continuous outpourings of ~1.5 million km3 of flood basalts in a span of less than 2 m.y. on either side of the Cretaceous-Paleocene Boundary (KPB), corresponding to 3 magnetic chrons. This was followed by basaltic and silicic flows and alkaline magmatism that continued up to ~61 Ma.
Several earlier postulated long-distance correlations of lava sequences based on chemical parameters are rendered invalid by the precision geochronology, leading to doubts regarding earlier models of volumetric eruptive rates. We suggest that pending better flow-field maps and correlations across the province, stacking rates based on thickness between chronological sampling points, combined with volcanological parameters provide a more robust and reproducible estimates of the eruptive rates. The stacking rates in different parts of the province were largely in the magnitude range of 103 m/m.y. and are comparable to those observed in other continental flood basalt provinces.
First Report of Carbonatite from Gundlupet Area, Western Dharwar Craton, Karnataka, Southern India
Authors: Brahma Swapnita , Sahoo Soubhagyalaxmi , Rajesh Durai P. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A new carbonatite body has been discovered from Gundlupet area, western Dharwar craton, southern India which is located at juncture of major shear zones namely, Kollegal shear zone to the east, Sargur shear zone to the west and Moyar shear zone to the south. The carbonatite and associated syenite have intruded into the peninsular gneissic complex. The southern margin of the syenite has a tectonic contact with the peninsular gneissic complex suggesting their emplacement is related to the splay shear of Moyar shear zone. The Gundlupet carbonatite is dominantly sövite with minor beforsite and iron rich carbonatite which are associated with phenocrystic magnetite, apatite, amphibole, pyroxene and monazite. Fenitisation is observed in local scale along the contact of carbonatite and syenite where metasomatic alterations took place to give rise to alkali amphibole and pyroxene rich rock. Geochemically, the carbonatite is characterised by high CaO content (48.86% - 51.80%), P2O5 (0.35% - 3.23%) and low SiO2 (3.09% - 5.30%). The high Sr (5750 - 13445 ppm) content and low Ni, Cr, Zn and Cu content indicates that the melt has undergone some degree of fractionation before crystallization. Gundlupet carbonatite is enriched in LREE with values ranging from 5666 ppm to 7530 ppm and average LREE of 6248 ppm.
Occurrence of Gold in the Mesoarchean Mayurbhanj Gabbros of Singhbhum Craton, Eastern India
Authors: Rasheed K. , Srinivasa Sarma D. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Singhbhum craton of eastern India is bestowed with several metal deposits such as iron, manganese, chromite, and platinum group of elements (PGE). Iron and manganese ores are associated with banded iron formations of Paleoarchean greenstone belts, and chromite and PGEs are associated with mafic-ultramafic rocks of Mesoarchean Baula-Nuasahi and Sukinda belts. Earlier studies indicate a hydrothermal origin of PGE mineralisation. Here, the occurrence of micron-sized gold grain and base metal sulfides in the Mesoarchean Mayurbhanj Gabrro Anorthosite Complex (GAC) are reported. These gabbros are considered coeval with Mayurbhanj granites and comprise of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, amphiboles, minor quartz, chlorite, and accessory opaque mineral phases. Scanning Electron Microscopic study shows the occurrence of a ~3 μm sized sub-rounded gold spherule in feldspar, along with disseminated grains of sulphides of varying sizes. Geochemical analysis reveals that the Sarat-Ghat exposure of Mayurbhanj GAC contains an appreciable amount of gold and PGE (ΣPGEs up to 1094 ppb and Au up to 396.5 ppb). The presence of sulphide minerals and intense alteration of feldspars and pyroxenes in the mineralised zone points towards a hydrothermal origin. This lithounit warrants a detailed appraisal to understand the nature and extent of gold and PGE mineralisation.
Foreland Basin Geometry and Disposition of Major Thrust Faults as Proxies for Identification of Segmentation along the Himalayan Arc
Authors: Manglik A. , Kandregula R.S. , Pavankumar G. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Along-arc variation in the geometry of the décollement surface at a convergent margin is one of the significant parameters to assess the likely magnitude of a major/great earthquake. It is linked to the crustal/lithospheric structure and pre-existing tectonic fabric of the underthrusting plate. For the Himalayan collision belt, segmentation of the Indian lithosphere along the arc has been suggested based on seismological and GPS studies, and by analysis of topography and Bouguer gravity anomaly data. These studies, confined to the Himalaya-Tibet region, linked major segmentation boundaries to three transverse ridges in the Ganga basin. Since the formation of the Indo-Gangetic foreland basin is also controlled by the thermomechanical properties of the underthrusting Indian plate, in the present work, we study the Himalaya-foreland basin system for possible segmentation of the Indian lithosphere. We analyse the foreland basin width vis-à-vis the disposition of major thrust faults along several profiles cutting across the Himalayan arc to test a possible correlation between these two parameters. The results suggest a major segmentation boundary along the Indo-Nepal border in addition to other previously discussed segmentations coinciding with major transverse ridges in the Ganga basin. This segmentation boundary coincides with the Great Boundary fault separating the Aravalli Delhi fold belt (ADFB) from the Vindhyan basin further south. We infer a possible role of this boundary in limiting westward propagation of the rupture front of the 1505 paleo-seismic event and seismicity of the ADFB through coupling between the Himalayan collision belt and the intraplate Indian shield region.
Decadal Response of Dokriani Glacier using High-resolution Hydrological Data, Indian Himalaya
Authors: Kumar Amit , Verma Akshaya , Sain Kalachand 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Hydrological studies of glaciers in the Indian Himalaya are very important for understanding the melting processes and assessing the influences of climate change. The diurnal variation in the melt-runoff is controlled by the glacial drainage system. To understand the response of such systems continuous monitoring of hydrological and meteorological data is essential. In the present paper, we have studied the high-resolution data for the assessment of hydrological response of Dokriani Glacier in the upper Ganga basin of Garhwal Himalaya. The data were collected for a period of two years (2011-2012) by establishing an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) and discharge gauging site with the provision of automatic water level recorder (AWLR) near the snout of the glacier. A considerable amount of runoff has been observed at nighttime during the glacial ablation with maximum discharge in the evening and minimum in the morning. The depletion of snow from the glacier surface results into exposure of glacier surface ice and reduction in the holding capacity of water in the glacier. Such variations in the physical condition of a glacier attribute to the changes in the hydrological response of the glacier over time. The effect on the hydrological response has also been studied by analyzing diurnal hydrographs for each ablation month. The hydrological response of the glacier becomes faster with the advancement of the ablation season. Significant changes in the hydrological response of the Glacier are observed over a decade.
Archean Biogeochemical Cognizance from Dharwar Craton, India – A Review
Authors: Manikyamba C. , Sindhuja C. S. , Khelen A. C. , Pahari Arijit 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Banded iron formations (BIFs) and manganese formations of Chitradurga, Shimoga and Sandur greenstone belts of Dharwar craton, associated with the stromatolitic carbonates, carbonaceous phyllites and shales along with gold mineralization, are best geological entities to evaluate the Archean biogeochemical processes and transformation of a habitable Earth. The geochemical anomalies along with C, O and S isotopic signatures of stromatolitic carbonates, carbonaceous phyllites and sulphidic BIFs reflect on biogenic signatures, fluctuating Archean ocean temperatures from 25-75°C and anoxic to euxinic redox conditions. The U-Pb detrital zircon ages of these stromatolitic carbonates indicate 3.5 to 2.6 Ga whereas the carbonaceous shales indicate 3.2 – 2.2 Ga reflecting the transportation of organic matter to the ocean basin during the growth of stromatolitic carbonates. The gold content of carbonaceous phyllites and sulphidic BIFs indicates hydrothermal source. The O2 produced due to stromatolitic activity has deposited Mn and Fe of the Archean oceans as BIFs and Mn formations. The biogenic matter of the stromatolites along with other siliciclastic material, gold and sulphides derived from the volcanic activity mixed and formed as carbonaceous shales in the ocean basin under euxinic conditions. The comprehensive geological, geochemical including isotopic studies on these rock types collectively indicate the interaction of lithosphere-hydrosphere-atmosphere-biosphere in the Archean oceans which paved the way for the advanced forms of life.
Potential for cascading impacts of environmental change and policy on indigenous culture
Authors: Yletyinen Johanna , Tylianakis Jason M. , Stone Clive , Lyver Phil O’B. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGlobal environmental and societal changes threaten the cultures of indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLC). Despite the importance of IPLC worldviews and knowledge to sustaining human well-being and biodiversity, risks to these cultural resources are commonly neglected in environmental governance, in part because impacts can be indirect and therefore difficult to evaluate. Here, we investigate the connectivity of values associated with the relationship Ngātiwai (a New Zealand Māori tribe) have with their environment. We show that mapping the architecture of values-environment relationships enables assessment of how deep into culture the impacts of environmental change or policy can cascade. Our results detail how loss of access to key environmental elements could potentially have extensive direct and cascading impacts on the cultural values of Ngātiwai, including environmental responsibilities. Thus, considering only direct effects of environmental change or policy on cultural resources, or treating IPLC social-ecological relations simplistically, can severely underestimate threats to cultures.
On an extension of Nunokawa’s lemma
Authors: Nunokawa Mamoru , Sokół Janusz 
Published: January 2022

AbstractJack’s Lemma says that if f(z) is regular in the disc $$|z|\le r$$

|
z
|
≤
r

, $$f(0)=0$$

f
(
0
)
=
0

, and |f(z)| assumes its maximum at $$z_0$$

z
0

on the circle $$|z|=r$$

|
z
|
=
r

, then $$z_0f'(z)_0/f(z_0)\ge 1$$

z
0

f
′

(
z
)

0

/
f

(

z
0

)

≥
1

. This Lemma was generalized in several directions. In this paper we consider an improvement of some first author’s results of this type.
Urachal mucinous cystic tumor of low malignant potential in a polymorbid female: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Schmeusser Benjamin , Wiedemer Joseph , Obery Dana , Buckley Kaila , Yu Michael 
Published: January 2022

AbstractNeoplasms of the urachus are exceedingly rare, representing 0.17% of all bladder cancers. The mucinous cystic tumor of low malignant potential (MCTLMP) subtype is particularly rare with just 25 previous cases reported in the literature. Although rare, MCTLMPs are important to identify due to potential devastating complications and good cure rates with surgical removal. We present a 43 year old female with a nuanced constellation of comorbidities and confirmed MCTLMP following a workup for abdominal pain and irritative lower urinary tract symptoms. Notably, this tumor did not change in size over a 3-year course of serial imaging prior to surgical excision. This urachal MCTLMP represents roughly the 26th and one of the smallest of its subtype reported in the literature. This case illustrates the diagnosis and management of this rare urachal MCTLMP. Individual patient medical history, clinical considerations, and neoplasm characteristics are examined. Although rare, the potential for increased malignancy and potential complications necessitates surgical management and further investigation by the academic community.
Single-valued neutrosophic Einstein interactive aggregation operators with applications for material selection in engineering design: case study of cryogenic storage tank
Authors: Farid Hafiz Muhammad Athar , Riaz Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSingle-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) and their application to material selection in engineering design. Liquid hydrogen is a feasible ingredient for energy storage in a lightweight application due to its high gravimetric power density. Material selection is an essential component in engineering since it meets all of the functional criteria of the object. Materials selection is a time-consuming as well as a critical phase in the design process. Inadequate material(s) selection can have a detrimental impact on a manufacturer’s production, profitability, and credibility. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is an important tool in the engineering design process that deals with complexities in material selection. However, the existing MCDM techniques often produce conflicting results. To address such problems, an innovative aggregation technique is proposed for material selection in engineering design based on truthness, indeterminacy, and falsity indexes of SVNSs. Taking advantage of SVNSs and smooth approximation with interactive Einstein operations, single-valued neutrosophic Einstein interactive weighted averaging and geometric operators are proposed. Based on proposed AOs, a robust MCDM approach is proposed for material selection in engineering design. A practical application of the proposed MCDM approach for material selection of cryogenic storage containers is developed. Additionally, the authenticity analysis and comparison analysis are designed to discuss the validity and rationality of the optimal decision.
Health Inequalities amongst Refugees and Migrant Workers in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Report of Two Cases
Authors: Ng Shu Hui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMalaysia hosts a significant number of refugees, asylum-seekers and migrant workers. Healthcare access for these individuals has always proved a challenge: language barriers, financial constraints and mobility restrictions are some of the frequently cited hurdles. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these existing inequalities, with migrants and refugees bearing the brunt of chronic systemic injustices. Providing equitable healthcare access for all, regardless of their citizenship and social status remains an ethical challenge for healthcare providers, particularly within the framework of a resource-limited healthcare system. Inclusive healthcare and socio-economic policies are necessary to ensure every individual’s equal opportunity to attain good health. The collective experiences of refugees and migrants in the pursuit of healthcare, as highlighted by the two cases described, showcases the importance of equity in healthcare access and the detrimental implications of non-inclusive healthcare and socio-economic policies.
The detection of delirium in admitted oncology patients: a scoping review
Authors: Sands Megan B. , Wee Ian , Agar Meera , Vardy Janette L. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Delirium leads to poor outcomes for patients and careers and has negative impacts on staff and service provision. Cancer rates in elderly populations are increasing and frequently, cancer diagnoses are a co-morbidity in the context of frailty. Data relating to the epidemiology of delirium in hospitalised cancer patients are limited. With the overarching purpose of improving delirium detection and reducing the morbidity and mortality of delirium in cancer patients, we reviewed the epidemiological data and approach to delirium detection in hospitalised, adult oncology patients.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS databases were searched from January 1996 to August 2017. Key concepts were delirium, cancer, inpatient oncology and delirium screening/detection.

Results
Of 896 unique studies identified; 91 met full-text review criteria. Of 12 eligible studies, four applied recommended case ascertainment methods to all patients, three used delirium screening tools alone or with case ascertainment tools sub-optimally applied, four used tools not recommended for delirium screening or case ascertainment, one used the Confusion Assessment Method with insufficient information to determine if it met case ascertainment status. Two studies presented delirium incidence rates: 7.8%, and 17% respectively. Prevalence rates ranged from 18–33% for general medical or oncology wards; 42–58% for Acute Palliative Care Units (APCU); and for older cancer patients: 22% and 57%. Three studies reported reversibility; 26% and 49% respectively (APCUs) and 30% (older patients with cancer). Six studies had a low risk of bias according to QUADAS-2 criteria; all studies in the APCU setting were rated at higher risk of bias. Tool selection, study flow and recruitment bias reduced study quality.

Conclusion
The knowledge base for improved interventions and clinical care for adults with cancer and delirium is limited by the low number of studies. A clear distinction between screening tools and diagnostic tools is required to provide an improved understanding of the rates of delirium and its reversibility in this population.