bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth Rate and Trend of Area, Production and Productivity of Tomato, Potato and Onion (TOP) Commodities for Madhya Pradesh in comparison to other major states of India: An Economic Analysis
Authors: Laxkar Harshita , Sarawgi A. K. , Mishra Shruti , Patel Sanskala 
Published: August 2022

Aim: To estimate the trend and growth rate of area, production and productivity of tomato, potato and onion (TOP) commodities for MP in comparison to other major states of India.
Study and Design: Retrospective observational study to estimate the trend and compound growth rate for the period of 10 years (2010-11 to 2019-20).
Methodology: Place of study- Out of 29 states of India 3 states were selected for the study under TOP commodities which cover around 70% of total production. For tomato - KR , AP & MP, For onion -MH ,KR & MP For Potato – UP, WB , & MP.
Method of analysis- The exponential trend equation was used to estimate the compound growth rate (CGR in %).
Results: CGR of area, production & productivity for Tomato in MP are 7.85%, 12.72%, 4.51% respectively, in Karnataka are 1.68%,1.35%,-0.32%,& in AP are -19.23%, -9.22%,12.4%. CGR of area, production & productivity for Onion in MP are 9.74%, 12.73%, 2.73%, in MH are 5.18%, 8.77%,3.42%, in KR are 0.01%, 2.04%,2.03%. CGR of area, production & productivity for Potato in MP are 4.82%, 13.47%, 8.24%, in UP are 0.92%, 0.51%,-0.41%.
Conclusion: On the basis of study it can be concluded that the trend and annual growth rate of area, production and productivity for TOP commodities in Madhya Pradesh was increasing and positive in comparison to other major states.
Synergism of Organic Manure and Mycorrhizae Along with Inorganic Fertilizers on Crop Growth and Yield of Maize
Authors: Singh Rajat , Kumar Robin , Kumar Neeraj , Singh Digvijay , Pathak Pravendra Kumar 
Published: August 2022

Field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2021-22 to evaluate the synergistic effect of organic manure and mycorrhizae on soil health and crop performance in winter maize (Zea mays L.) at Agronomy Research Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya- 224229. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice. The experiment consists of 8 treatments i.e. T1 (Control),T2 (100% RDF), T3 (80% RDF + 20% VC+ Mycorrhizae), T4 (80% RDF + 20% PM+ Mycorrhizae), T5 (60% RDF + 40% VC+ Mycorrhizae), T6 (60% RDF+ 40% PM+ Mycorrhizae), T7 (60% RDF+ 20% PM + 20 % VC+ Mycorrhizae), T8 (50% VC+ 50% PM+ Mycorrhizae). Results showed that growth and yields were substantially improved under Treatment T6 (60% RDF+ 40% N- PM+ Mycorrhizae) viz. plant height (cm), leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation (kg ha-1), cob length (cm), number of grain rows cob -1, number of grains cob-1, test weight (g), weight of cob (g), grain yield (q ha-1), stover yield (q ha-1) and biological yield (q ha-1). Conclusively, synergistic incorporation of inorganic fertilizers with organic manure and mycorrhizae can be used with optimum rates to improve crop growth and productivity on sustainable basis.
Micro Encapsulation and Characterization of Diclosulam in Xanthan Gum Based Polymeric System for Smart Delivery of Herbicide in Crop Production
Authors: Mummasani Asritha , Marimuthu S. , Balachandar D. , Radhamani S. , Bharathi C. , Gowtham G. , Shanmugapriya S. 
Published: August 2022

Aim: Micro encapsulation of diclosulam herbicide was done in xanthan gum based polymeric system through ionotropic gelation method to formulate a slow-release herbicide to achieve prolonged weed control in irrigated upland ecosystem.
Place and Duration of Study: The slow-release formulation of diclosulam was synthesized and characterized in the Department of Nano Science & Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University during January to July 2022.
Methodology: Xanthan gum- alginate microsphere system was synthesized with varying concentrations of calcium chloride (CaCl2) (2, 4 and 6 per cent) to encapsulate diclosulam through ionotropic gelation. The size, entrapment efficiency, pore volume, pore radius, surface area and swelling behavior of microspheres were assessed to achieve higher loading of diclosulam and good stability of microspheres.
Results: The mean diameter of xanthan gum-alginate microsphere was higher with 6 per cent ion gelation bath followed by the concentration of 4 and 2 per cent. Higher entrapment efficiency of diclosulam was achieved with loading of two percent diclosulam in six per cent calcium crosslinked microspheres.
Conclusion: Xanthan gum-alginate microsphere system offers both burst release and controlled release of active ingredients. However, controlled release polymeric templates with herbicide will synchronize the release of herbicide with the emergence of weeds in the cropped situations for better weed management.
Assessment of Soil Fertility and Creation of Thematic Mapping in the Coastal Soils of Ramanathapuram Block, Ramanathapuram District in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Arulkumar V. , Prabhaharan J. , Shanmugasundaram R. , Gurusamy A. , Mini M. L. , Kannan P. 
Published: August 2022

Aims: A view of the current analysis used GPS and GIS techniques to evaluate and map the soil fertility status of the Ramanathapuram block in the Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu, India.
Study Design: In this study, a systematic set of 100 georeferenced soil samples were collected from 100 selected villages and analyzed for 10 chemical parameters and the data along with GPS readings were used for the preparation of soil fertility maps using GIS.
Methodology: Hundred soil samples were collected from the sixteen revenue villages of Ramanathapuram block, Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu during the pre-monsoon season with lat-long coordinates by using GPS to evaluate the soil fertility. Ramanathapuram block is the middle- coastal block of Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu.
Results: In the present study, the mean soil values of pH (8.16), EC (0.74 dSm-1), organic carbon content (2.52 g/kg), Available N (159.36kgha-1), Available P (30.83 kgha-1), Available K (355.39kgha-1) and (Di- Ethylene Triamine Penta Acidic Acid DTPA) extractable micronutrients viz., Fe (7.21), Zn (0.16), Mn (6.46) and Cu (1.36) ppm were recorded respectively in Ramanathapuram block of Ramanathapuram district. Thematic maps pertaining to soil fertility were prepared using Arc GIS software 10.1.
Conclusion: The georeferenced sampling sites can be revisited with the help of GPS, which helps in monitoring the soil fertility changes over long run. Further, it will be useful to the researchers, planners, policymakers, extension workers of the State Department of Agriculture, fertilizer industries, and farmers.
Soil Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Uptake as Influenced by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Tobacco Rhizosphere under Parasitic Weed Stress Condition
Authors: Waratadar Asif , Nirmalnath P. Jones , Matiwade P. S. , Navi Vithal 
Published: August 2022

The present study assessed the effect of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nutrient uptake and soil enzyme activity of tobacco rhizosphere under parasitic weed stress condition. The experiment was carried out in Orobanche infested soils of Belagavi district during 2018-19. During the investigation different inoculation methods of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were screened for their ability to improve the nutrient uptake and soil enzyme activity i.e. (pre inoculation of nursery seedlings; direct soil application and the combination of both). The present experimental results revealed that soil enzyme activities like dehydrogenase, phosphates and urease activity was highest in treatments received planting of pre colonized tobacco seedling with STD AMF along with soil application at the time of planting and second highest was recorded in the treatment received pre colonized UASDAMFT plus soil application. Furthermore nutrient uptake like N, P, K and micronutrients were found to be the highest in the plots received mycorrhization compare to the rhizosphere of non mycorrhized plants. In mycorrhizosphere the activity of mycorrhizal fungi and other beneficial microorganisms could be a source for different soil enzyme needed for biochemical reaction in the plant rhizosphere.
Effects of Ethanolic Root Extract of Clitoria ternatea against Experimentally Induced Convulsions and Anxiety in Rodents
Authors: Reddy V N. V. L. Suvarchala , Raju M. Ganga , Niharika M. , Pratyusha B. 
Published: August 2022

In animal models for screening for anticonvulsant activity, it has been scientifically established that medicinal herbs used in traditional medicine for the treatment of epilepsy possess promising anticonvulsant properties and can be a source of newer anticonvulsants. This study's objective was to evaluate the ethanolic root extract of Clitoria ternatea Linn for its preliminary phytochemical components, anticonvulsant, and anxiolytic effects. Anticonvulsant activity was evaluated against Maximum electroshock (MES) induced convulsion and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsion model in rats. Using phenytoin (25 mg/kg) as a standard drug, the efficacy of the extract at oral dose levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg were evaluated in an experimental rat model. The marble bury test was used to assess the mice for anxiolytic activity, and lorazepam served as the standard drug at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg. Phytochemical screening revealed that C. ternatea extract contain carbohydrates, flavonoids, alkaloids, proteins, triterpenoids, phenols and steroids. The ethanolic extract significantly decreased the duration of tonic flexion and tonic extension in MES induced model (p<0.05). The ethanolic extract significantly increased the latency of convulsion and decreased the duration of convulsion in PTZ induced model (p<0.05). The ethanolic root extract were found to be significantly decrease the number of marbles buried in the treated groups as compared to control group, indicating anxiolytic activity. According to specific investigations, terpenes and steroids exhibited anticonvulsant effects in some experimental seizure models, including MES and PTZ. Alkaloids and triterpenes, which are phytoconstituents in ethanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea (EECT), might be the basis of its anxiolytic actions. Based on the findings of the study, Clitoria ternatea's ethanolic root extract has anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects on animals.
Association of Neurocritical Care Services With Mortality and Functional Outcomes for Adults With Brain Injury
Authors: Pham Xiuxian , Ray Jason , Neto Ary Serpa , Laing Joshua , Perucca Piero , Kwan Patrick , O’Brien Terence J. , Udy Andrew A. 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceNeurocritical care (NCC) aims to improve the outcomes of critically ill patients with brain injury, although the benefits of such subspecialized care are yet to be determined.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of NCC with patient-centered outcomes in adults with acute brain injury who were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). The protocol was preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42020177190).Data SourcesThree electronic databases were searched (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from inception through December 15, 2021, and by citation chaining.Study SelectionStudies were included for interventions of neurocritical care units (NCCUs), neurointensivists, or NCC consulting services compared with general care in populations of neurologically ill adults or adults with acute brain injury in ICUs.Data Extraction and SynthesisData extraction was performed in keeping with PRISMA guidelines and risk of bias assessed through the ROBINS-I Cochrane tool by 2 independent reviewers. Data were pooled using a random-effects model.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was all-cause mortality at longest follow-up until 6 months. Secondary outcomes were ICU length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, and functional outcomes. Data were measured as risk ratio (RR) if dichotomous or standardized mean difference if continuous. Subgroup analyses were performed for disease and models of NCC delivery.ResultsAfter 5659 nonduplicated published records were screened, 26 nonrandomized observational studies fulfilled eligibility criteria. A meta-analysis of mortality outcomes for 55 792 patients demonstrated a 17% relative risk reduction (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.92; P = .001) in those receiving subspecialized care (n = 27 061) compared with general care (n = 27 694). Subgroup analyses did not identify subgroup differences. Eight studies including 4667 patients demonstrated a 17% relative risk reduction (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97; P = .03) for an unfavorable functional outcome with subspecialized care compared with general care. There were no differences in LOS outcomes. Heterogeneity was substantial in all analyses.Conclusions and RelevanceSubspecialized NCC is associated with improved survival and functional outcomes for critically ill adults with brain injury. However, confidence in the evidence is limited by substantial heterogeneity. Further investigations are necessary to determine the specific aspects of NCC that contribute to these improved outcomes and its cost-effectiveness.
Entropy‐Change Driven Highly Reversible Sodium Storage for Conversion‐Type Sulfide
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Yu , Chen Xi , Sun Ge , Yang Xu , Zeng Yi , Tian Ruiyuan , Du Fei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransition metal sulfides (TMSs) are reported to be efficient sodium storage anode materials due to their rich redox chemistry and good electronic conductivity features. However, the issues of poor reaction reversibility and cyclability, caused by structure degradation and volume expansion during repeated (de)sodiation processes, have far limited the applicability of these materials. Herein, a high‐entropy configuration strategy is reported for Cu4MnFeSnGeS8 anodes for advanced sodium ion batteries. In this high‐entropy material, the homogeneously dispersed cations can effectively suppress the continuous coarseness of Sn nanoparticles and maintain valid interface contact between M0 and Na2S, thus achieving highly reversible sodium storage. Moreover, the highly reversible crystalline‐phase transformation of high‐entropy Cu4MnFeSnGeS8 and highly inherent mechanical stability can effectively relieve the persistently accumulated mechanical stress, thus restraining continuous breakage of the solid electrolyte interphase film and pulverization of the electrode, and improving cycling stability. Furthermore, when coupled with a Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, the full cell shows a high energy density (264 Wh kg–1), which makes the high‐entropy‐stabilized sulfide a promising anode candidate for SIBs.
Harnessing the Metal–Insulator Transition of VO2 in Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Schofield Parker , Bradicich Adelaide , Gurrola Rebeca M. , Zhang Yuwei , Brown Timothy D. , Pharr Matt , Shamberger Patrick J. , Banerjee Sarbajit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFuture‐generation neuromorphic computing seeks to overcome the limitations of von Neumann architectures by colocating logic and memory functions, thereby emulating the function of neurons and synapses in the human brain. Despite remarkable demonstrations of high‐fidelity neuronal emulation, the predictive design of neuromorphic circuits starting from knowledge of material transformations remains challenging. VO2 is an attractive candidate since it manifests a near‐room‐temperature, discontinuous, and hysteretic metal–insulator transition. The transition provides a nonlinear dynamical response to input signals, as needed to construct neuronal circuit elements. Strategies for tuning the transformation characteristics of VO2 based on modification of material properties, interfacial structure, and field couplings, are discussed. Dynamical modulation of transformation characteristics through in situ processing is discussed as a means of imbuing synaptic function. Mechanistic understanding of site‐selective modification; external, epitaxial, and chemical strain; defect dynamics; and interfacial field coupling in modifying local atomistic structure, the implications therein for electronic structure, and ultimately, the tuning of transformation characteristics, is emphasized. Opportunities are highlighted for inverse design and for using design principles related to thermodynamics and kinetics of electronic transitions learned from VO2 to inform the design of new Mott materials, as well as to go beyond energy‐efficient computation to manifest intelligence.
Hydrogel‐Based Flexible Electronics
Authors: Hu Lixuan , Chee Pei Lin , Sugiarto Sigit , Yu Yong , Shi Chuanqian , Yan Ren , Yao Zhuoqi , Shi Xuewen , Zhi Jiacai , Kai Dan , Yu Hai‐Dong , Huang Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFlexible electronics is an emerging field of research involving multiple disciplines, which include but not limited to physics, chemistry, materials science, electronic engineering, and biology. However, the broad applications of flexible electronics are still restricted due to several limitations, including high Young's modulus, poor biocompatibility, and poor responsiveness. Innovative materials aiming for overcoming these drawbacks and boost its practical application is highly desirable. Hydrogel is a class of 3D crosslinked hydrated polymer networks, and its exceptional material properties render it as a promising candidate for the next generation of flexible electronics. Here, the latest methods of synthesizing advanced functional hydrogels and the state‐of‐art applications of hydrogel‐based flexible electronics in various fields are reviewed. More importantly, the correlation between properties of the hydrogel and device performance is discussed here, to have better understanding of the development of flexible electronics by using environmentally responsive hydrogels. Last, perspectives on the current challenges and future directions in the development of hydrogel‐based multifunctional flexible electronics are provided.
Nitrogenized 2D Covalent Organic Framework Decorated Ni‐Rich Single Crystal Cathode to Ameliorate the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium Batteries
Authors: Saleem Adil , Majeed Muhammad K. , Iqbal Rashid , Hussain Arshad , Naeem M. Shahzaib , Rauf Sajid , Wang Yuliang , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Shen Jun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOrganic cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have elicited interest due to their wide‐ranging structures and finely regulated molecular levels. However, designing a cathode material with a high specific capacity, high rate‐performance, and long‐cycle life remains highly challenging. Herein, a nitrogenized 2D covalent organic framework (COF) with maximal active and minimal inactive groups is described and created by utilizing a coating material for single crystal LiNi0.78Mn0.12Co0.1O2 (SCNMC) cathodes for LIBs. The composite cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of 160.5 mAh g−1 at 1 C with a retention rate of 87.5% after 200 cycles. The cycled SCNMC@COF particles show no lattice gliding and micro‐cracks, demonstrating that the SC shape may considerably reduce anisotropic micro‐strain. This efficient, repeatable, and customizable method for producing SCNMC cathodes shall hasten their commercialization. The solid framework further ensures outstanding capacity retention and rate performance. According to density functional theory calculations, optimizing the loading of redox‐active groups in a stable network structure is an efficient technique for designing a stable structure and improving the cycling life of SCNCM cathode material.
Sulfonated Cellulose Membranes: Physicochemical Properties and Ionic Transport versus Degree of Sulfonation
Authors: Lander Sanna , Erlandsson Johan , Vagin Mikhail , Gueskine Viktor , Korhonen Leena , Berggren Magnus , Wågberg Lars , Crispin Xavier 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe next generation of green ion selective membranes is foreseen to be based on cellulosic nanomaterials with controllable properties. The introduction of ionic groups into the cellulose structure via chemical modification is one strategy to obtain desired functionalities. In this work, bleached softwood fibers are oxidatively sulfonated and thereafter homogenized to liberate the cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) from the fiber walls. The liberated CNFs are subsequently used to prepare and characterize novel cellulose membranes. It is found that the degree of sulfonation collectively affects several important properties of the membranes via the density of fixed charged groups on the surfaces of the CNFs, in particular the membrane morphology, water uptake and swelling, and correspondingly the ionic transport. Both ionic conductivity and cation transport increase with the increased level of sulfonation of the starting material. Thus, it is shown that the chemical modification of the CNFs can be used as a tool for precise and rational design of green ion selective membranes that can replace expensive conventional fluorinated ionomer membranes.
Extracellular Hydraulic Resistance Enhances Cell Migration
Authors: Maity Debonil , Bera Kaustav , Li Yizeng , Ge Zhuoxu , Ni Qin , Konstantopoulos Konstantinos , Sun Sean X. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCells migrating in vivo encounter microenvironments with varying physical properties. One such physical variable is the fluid viscosity surrounding the cell. Increased viscosity is expected to increase the hydraulic resistance experienced by the cell and decrease cell speed. The authors demonstrate that contrary to this expected result, cells migrate faster in high viscosity media on 2‐dimensional substrates. Both actin dynamics and water dynamics driven by ion channel activity are examined. Results show that cells increase in area in high viscosity and actomyosin dynamics remain similar. Inhibiting ion channel fluxes in high viscosity media results in a large reduction in cell speed, suggesting that water flux contributes to the observed speed increase. Moreover, inhibiting actin‐dependent vesicular trafficking that transports ion channels to the cell boundary changes ion channel spatial positioning and reduces cell speed in high viscosity media. Cells also display altered Ca2+activity in high viscosity media, and when cytoplasmic Ca2+is sequestered, cell speed reduction and altered ion channel positioning are observed. Taken together, it is found that the cytoplasmic actin‐phase and water‐phase are coupled to drive cell migration in high viscosity media, in agreement with physical modeling that also predicts the observed cell speedup in high viscosity environments.