bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resuscitation of Preterm Infants in Nigeria – A National Survey on Practice
Authors: Aso ME , Sharma A , Iloh K 
Published: May 2022

Introduction and Aims:
Preterm births constitute a major clinical problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the perinatal, neonatal, and childhood periods. Decisions around initiating and/or continuing resuscitation and treatment of preterm infants (PI) both at birth and afterwards need careful consideration. While the developed countries have published guidelines for the resuscitation and care of the PI, this is not the case in developing countries where availability of resources and the absence of a published guidelines impacts on practice. Our study was therefore carried out to access the practice and decision-making that surrounds the resuscitation of PIs by neonatologists and neonatal nurses working in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) across Nigeria.

Subjects and Methods:
We conducted an online national survey on neonatal care providers working in level 2 and level 3 neonatal units (NICU) across Nigeria. Around 190 participants were selected from the six geopolitical zones of the country and they were asked about current practices relating to resuscitation and stopping life-sustaining treatment as well as estimated survival rates at different gestational ages (GA).

Results:
In total, 138 clinicians responded to our survey. Of this, 73% completed the survey. Majority (83%) of the respondents worked in government-funded public hospitals while the remaining 17% worked in the private hospitals. 74% of the respondents' report having a guideline on the PI. Resuscitation practice varied amongst different neonatologists and neonatal nurses with 48% of the clinicians providing resuscitation at 23–26 weeks and the remainder providing resuscitation at a GA >26 weeks with a median GA threshold for initiating resuscitation at 27 weeks. From an institutional perspective, 75% of PIs <26 weeks were resuscitated in public hospitals while the remaining 25% were resuscitated in private hospital, however this is not statistically significant (P = 0.385). In situations when the GA is unknown, we found a median fetal weight of 700 g as the threshold for providing active treatment. We noticed wide variations in responses on the estimated survival rates of the PIs, however a common finding is the increased chances of survival with increasing GA. Also, PIs across all GAs had higher chances of survival in public hospitals than in private hospitals, however, this is not statistically significant (P = 0.385–0.956). The major factor influencing a clinicians' decision to limit resuscitation was the “risk of poor quality of life” (50%) and the prevalent way of palliating the newborn amongst respondents is by stopping life-sustaining treatment (34%).

Conclusion:
Our survey revealed considerable variation in resuscitation practices amongst different neonatal care providers. Having a framework that will formulate and publish a national guideline based on factors like local survival rates, societal norms, and resources and ensuring that it is adopted by all NICUs will generate greater consistency of care.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Emergency Remote Education Practices
Authors: Toprak ME , Tunç SK 
Published: May 2022

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused not only viral infection-related deaths, but also uncontrollable psychological problems and anxiety in different parts of society. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in adaption of a comprehensive online education period that has not been previously experienced in modern education.

Aim:
This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate dental students' experiences with emergency remote education practices, related levels of anxiety, and sociodemographic factors affecting anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Subjects and Methods:
This study was conducted during the period when social isolation measures were applied at the maximum level and face-to-face education was suspended in all dentistry faculties in Turkey due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic data and anxiety experienced by dental students were investigated using an online questionnaire. The anxiety levels were evaluated by using a 10-Item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and attitudes of the students toward distance education were determined using a 5-point Likert-type scale.

Results:
The study included 2.290 students. A total of 76.46% of these students attended to emergency remote education practices provided by their faculty. While 66.7% of students were satisfied with the transition process of their faculty to distance education, 18.4% of them found emergency remote learning to be completely unsuccessful. Mean PSS-10 score was 24.68 ± 6.74 and 94.8% of the students experienced moderate-to-high anxiety during the process. The compulsory and emergency remote education was found to significantly increase anxiety in private university students compared to public university students (P = 0.03) and in those students with low family income than the moderate and high ones (P = 0.01). There was a significant relationship between PSS-10 levels and students' anxiety about their academic performance, career plans, transition process to distance education, and their desire to continue remote theoretical online educations. The increase in these aforementioned parameters significantly decreased PSS-10 scores (P = 0.000).

Conclusions:
The emergency online remote education practices during the COVID-19 pandemic caused anxiety in dentistry students. It is expected that only distance education practices would be insufficient, and blended education models consisting of distance and face-to-face practices should be implemented.
The Prevalence and Intensity of Intestinal Helminths among Institutionalized Children in Three States of South-East Nigeria
Authors: Njoku MO , Iloh KK , Okike CO , Njoku GC , Ojinnaka NC 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Intestinal helminthiasis is one of the most common and neglected diseases affecting all age groups, especially among school children. It is a disease condition of suboptimal environment and poor personal hygiene, and is more prevalent in children in institutionalized centers.

Aims:
This study was aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and intensity of intestinal helminthiasis among children in motherless babies' homes/orphanages and the relationship between the prevalence and demographic characteristics of the children. The outcome may be useful in strengthening these homes through advocacy to the appropriate authorities on general health promotion and awareness for the management of the homes.

Subjects and Methods:
It was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out over 7 months (March–September 2017) in three states of the South-East Nigeria. Prior to the studies ethical clearance and permissions from relevant bodies were obtained. A total of 198 children aged 3 months to 17 years were recruited using multi-stage sampling methods from the homes and orphanages in Anambra, Ebonyi, and Enugu states. Their stool samples were collected and analyzed for ova of intestinal helminths using ether concentration and Kato–Katz techniques. Frequency tables were designed for relevant variables while quantitative variables were summarized using median and interquartile range (IQR). The relationship between demographic factors and presence of intestinal helminths amongst study participants was tested using Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test (FET) where appropriate. All analyses were done at the 5% level of significance, and a P value <.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Children aged 1–5 years constituting the highest proportion 110 (55.6%). The median age (IQR) of the participants was 2.5 years (3 months to 17 years). They comprised of 89 (44.9%) males and 109 (55.1%) females with a male: female ratio of 1:1.2. The overall prevalence of intestinal helminths among institutionalized children was 5/198 (2.5%). Ascaris lumbricoides only was seen in four out of five (80%) infested subjects while mixed infestation of A. lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura was seen in one out of five (20%) subjects. All the infected subjects had light intensity of 100–300 EPG. It was noted that three out of five infested subjects were preschool children. However, the difference between the age groups and intestinal infestation was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). All the subjects with helminthic infection were females. Gender and location of motherless babies' homes/orphanages were not significantly associated with the presence of infestation (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study showed that the prevalence and intensity of intestinal helminthiasis amongst the surveyed children in the South-Eastern Nigeria are 2.5% and more common among preschool aged children.
An audit of a decade of acute peritoneal dialysis in children with acute kidney injury
Authors: Ezeh GO , Oniyangi O , Nwatah VE , Oyinwola OI , Ekaidem IB , Okonkwo FO , Aikhionbare HA 
Published: May 2022

Background:
Acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the modality of choice to manage children with acute kidney injury (AKI). However, its use remains underutilized, despite the unquestionable advantages.

Aims:
This study, therefore, aimed to audit the complications, outcomes, and challenges encountered with PD as well as indications for PD and causes of AKI among under-5 children that had PD in a Nigerian tertiary hospital over a decade

. Patients and Methods:
A retrospective study of children with AKI, aged 0 to 5 years, managed with PD. In all the children, a PD catheter was inserted at the bedside by surgeons. PD was performed manually. Data were presented in descriptive statistics and a P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Twenty-nine (29) children had PD over a decade (January 2009 to December 2018). There were 12 males and 17 females aged 4–60 months (mean ± SD 18.8 ± 16.9). The PD yearly frequency was 2–7 times/year, mean of 2.9/year. The major identified indication for PD was difficulty of vascular access (86.2%) while the causes of AKI were sepsis 21 (43.8%); gastroenteritis 11 (22.9%); severe malaria 9 (18.8%); toxins/herbal medications 5 (10.4%); multiple congenital anomalies 2 (4.2%). Multiple causes of AKI occurred in some children. The major observed PD complications were catheter lockage 9 (37.5%); dialysate fluid retention 4 (16.7%); and peritonitis 4 (16.7%). The short-term outcome of the 29 children that had PD showed 20 (69%) discharged and 9 (31%) deaths over the period. The major challenge encountered was PD-related sepsis evidenced by the prevalence of peritonitis and catheter site infection.

Conclusion:
The predominant PD complications were catheter-related, mostly catheter blockage in a manually performed PD while the leading cause of AKI in our center was sepsis, affecting a large population of children requiring PD.
Assessment of the Eating Disorders and Relationship with Dental Caries, Age, Gender, and Body Mass Index in a Sample of Turkish Adolescents Aged 9 Through 15
Authors: Gokkaya B , Kargul B 
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims:
Eating disorders (ED) are an important public health problem for adolescents due to changing eating attitudes. Using the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) with a sample of Turkish adolescents aged 9–15 years, this study evaluated the behavioral risk of ED and its association with dental caries, age, body mass index (BMI), and gender.

Subjects and Methods:
The EAT-26 scoring system was used, and variables examined included demographic, familial, sociocultural, social, and clinical features. Data were analyzed using SPSS® Statistics for Windows, version 20.0. (IBM, New York, NY, USA).

Results:
A total of 112 adolescents, 46 (41.1%) boys, and 66 (58.9%) girls (mean age 11.46 ± 1.91 years), were evaluated. EAT-26 mean scores were 16.0 (10.0–21.0) for girls and 14.0 (12.0–23.0) for boys (Mann Whitney U test; P = 0.509). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean BMI scores and the mean EAT-26 scores for girls and boys (Mann Whitney U test) (P = 0.509) (P = 0.636). The mean DMFT decay-missing-filled and total) was higher in EAT-26 >20 than in EAT-26 <20, and the difference was statistically significant (Mann Whitney U test; P = 0.008). BMI was not correlated with EAT-26 (Spearman rank correlation test, r = –0.013, P = 0.156), but there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the development of caries and age (Spearman rank correlation test, r = 0.405, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Early diagnosis of ED is crucial because it primarily starts during childhood and adolescence. It is responsible for the dft of the deciduous teeth. BMI is related to decay, missed, filled, total (DMFT), decay, filled, total (dft), and age in adolescents aged 9–15 years. Furthermore, we searched subgroups of EAT-26 for dental caries. Dieting score may be a significant factor for dental caries for ED. However, observing ability is an important factor for dentists because they can inform parents and provide information on preventing ED.
Four new tin(II), uranyl(II), vanadyl(II), and zirconyl(II) alloxan biomolecule complexes: synthesis, spectroscopic and thermal characterizations
Authors: Mohammed Alsuhaibani Amnah , Majid A. Adam Abdel , S. Refat Moamen 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT. The alloxan as a biomolecule ligand has been utilized to synthesize thermodynamically and kinetically stabilized four new tin(II), uranyl(II), vanadyl(II), and zirconyl(II) complexes. In the complexes, tin(II) ion present is in tetrahedral arrangement, zirconyl and vanadyl(II) ions present are in square pyramid feature but uranyl(II) ion present is in octahedral arrangement and all are coordinated by two bidentate alloxan ligand in complexes. The synthesized alloxan ligand coordinate with central metal(II) ion through oxygen in position C2=O and the nitrogen in position N1 developing a 4-membered chelate ring. Synthesized Sn(II), UO2(II), VO(II), and ZrO(II) complexes via bidentate ligand have been accurately described by various spectroscopic techniques like elemental analysis (C, H, N, metal), conductivity measurements, FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, and TGA. The kinetic thermodynamic parameters such as: E*, ΔH*, ΔS* and ΔG* were calculated using Coats and Redfern and Horowitz and Metzger equations.

KEY WORDS: Alloxan, Metal ions, Spectroscopy, Ligand, Coordination, Thermogravimetry

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 373-385.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.11
Nonlinear optical characteristics of N,N’-bis(salicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine: Z-scan technique and quantum mechanical calculations
Authors: Gharaati Abdolrasoul , Abed Yasaman , Mostaghni Fatemeh 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT. In this work, we have characterized the linear and nonlinear optical properties of N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-p-phenylenediamine (BSP) in both macroscopic and microscopic modes by using Z-scan technique and quantum chemical calculations. The microscopic nonlinear optical properties of BSP were investigated by density functional theory with the basis set of 6-311G++dp. Electronic properties such as frontier molecular energies, band-gap energy, electron affinity, hardness, softness, and ionization potential were evaluated. The calculation of microscopic quantities included first-order hyperpolarizability and natural bond orbitals showed the electron delocalization, which confirmed the nonlinear optical properties in this compound. The results of the absorption spectrum of BSP in DMSO, DMF, CH3Cl solvents were shown that the dissolved sample in DMSO had better nonlinear properties than others. Then the macroscopic nonlinear properties of the sample were determined by the Z-scan technique. The values of the nonlinear refractive index (n2), nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), and third-order nonsusceptibility of the sample in DMSO were, 0.09250×10-10 cm2/W, -0.174×10–6 cm/W and 4.101× 10-5 esu, respectively. The two-photon absorption in this molecule has been enhanced by the donor–bridge–donor (D–π–D) architecture. The theoretical and experimental results concluded that BSP seems to be promising candidates for future photonic and optoelectronic devices.

KEY WORDS: Azo dye, Nonlinear optic, Hyperpolarizability, One photon absorption, Two photon absorption, Schiff bases

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 465-477.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.18
Los edificios prehistóricos de la Punta des Patró (Mallorca) y su distribución interna a partir del análisis de los moluscos marinos
Authors: Vicens Miquel Àngel , Hernández-Gasch2 Jordi , Salvà Bartomeu 
Published: May 2022

En este artículo se describen los restos de moluscos marinos hallados en las excavaciones del yacimiento de la Punta des Patró que pusieron al descubierto dos edificios cuyo uso se halla enmarcado en la Edad del Hierro mallorquina (épocas Talayótica y Balear, respectivamente). El primer edificio no se asocia a una actividad ritual, en cambio el segundo se puede calificar de santuario y se encuentra muy vinculado a la necrópolis vecina del Illot des Porros.
El estudio se ha centrado en los aspectos tafonómicos y taxonómicos de las conchas de los moluscos, lo cual ha permitido observar evidentes pruebas de su utilización como elementos alimenticios y su implicación en determinados rituales vinculados con el fuego, así como empezar a entrever una posible distribución de las actividades rituales realizadas dentro del santuario. Además, se han esclarecido algunos interrogantes sobre la estratigrafía del yacimiento.
Estimation of Dysbetalipoproteinemia Incidence in Iraqi Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Hameed Samar T. , Mayah Qasim S. Al- , Khudhair Mahmood S. , Shamma Ghassan A. Al- 
Published: May 2022

Background: The main obvious manifestations in dysbetalipiproteinemia (DBL) are Apo-B, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLc) and Apo-E gene polymorphism, with a remarkable controversy in the results among different workers. The aim of the study was to find a suitable variable or formula for diagnosis of familial or secondary DBL in a sample of Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Material and methods: The study involved 50 patients with T2DM (mean age 46.48 ±9.3 years), 26 patients with CVD (mean age: 43.15±7.34 years) and 73 apparently healthy normal control individuals (mean age: 34.51±11.47 years) with almost equal male/female ratio.	Serum lipids (TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c, Remnant like particles RLP, Apo-B, and Apo-E) were estimated in patients and controls. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of non-HDL-c and non-HDL-c /Apo-B in the context of discrimination between patients with- and without DBL. Results: All measured serum lipids, were higher in patients than controls, except HDL-c. Using Sniderman algorithm, 13 patients (18.06%) among T2DM and CVD were considered to have DBL, while none of control group had this disorder. Conclusion Based on Sniderman algorithm, ROC revealed a better specificity and sensitivity for non- HDLc to diagnose DBL, Keywords: dysbetalipoproteinemia, Apo-B, Non- HDL cholesterol, Sniderman algorithm, Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes mellitus.
Cloistered and coalesce effect of power Yoga and plyometric training on selected physical variable among tribal taekwondo players
Authors: Siyad B. R. , Manickam V. A. 
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the study was to determine the Cloistered and Coalesce effect of Power Yoga and Plyometric Training on selected Physical variable among Tribal Taekwondo Players. To achieve this purpose, sixty (N=60) girls Tribal Taekwondo players studying various schools in Kerala. Their age ranged from 14 to 16 years. The subjects were assigned at random into four groups of fifteen in each (n=15). Group-I underwent Power Yoga, Group-II underwent Plyometric Training, Group-III underwent Coalesce Power Yoga and Plyometric Training and Group –IV was as the Control group. Speed was selected as dependent variable and it was assessed by 50 Meters Sprint test. The data collected from the four groups prior to and immediately after the training programme on the selected criterion variables were statistically analyzed with Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Whenever the ‘F’ ratio for adjusted post test means was found to be significant, Scheffe’s test was followed, as a post hoc test to determine which of the paired mean differences was significant. In all the cases .05 level of confidence was fixed. The experimental groups namely, power yoga, plyometric training and coalesce power yoga and plyometric training had significantly improved in speed.
A Standard Atmosphere for the Tropics (m.s.l. to 20 km)
Authors: PISHAROTY P. R. 
Published: May 2022

The mean geopotential heights and temperatures of the standard isobaric surfaces over the Asian, the Carribean and the Southwest Pacific areas are examined. The examination reveals-(i) that sufficient uniformity prevails over these regions to justify the drawing up of specifications for a Standard Atmosphere for the Tropics, and (ii) that the condition over the tropics are sufficiently different from the ICAN, ICAO and NACA Standard Atmospheres to warrant the drawing up of a separate set of specifications.

Specifications for a Standard Atmosphere for Asian Tropics (SAAT) and slightly different specifications for a Standard Atmosphere for tropics for Universal use (SATU) are presented in the paper. Two computed tables, one showing the distribution of pressure and temperature with height, and the other show in the heights and temperature of standard isobaric surfaces, for both the proposed standard atmospheres are presented.
On the Forecasting of Nor'westers in Gangetic West Bengal
Authors: SIRCAR N.C. RAI 
Published: May 2022

A comparative study has been made of the upper air data based on radiosonde ascents at Calcutta and Allahabad, in relation to two distinct classes of days, namely, those of wide spread nor'westers of the pre-monsoon season over Gangetic West Bengal and those altogether free from such storms. It is seen that the most important contributory factors to the genesis of well developed nor westers are, increased humidity resulting in suitable distribution of wet bulb temperatures m the first two kilometres and cyclonic convergence in the lower moist air field to provide the initial impulse for upward convection, and that the advection of colder air at higher levels is not an essential criterion.
A nomogram using dry bulb and dew point temperature values at 850-mb level in the morning has been suggested to serve as an empirical, but quite a useful, tool for the forecasting of nor'westers over Gangetic West Bengal during the pre-monsoon season.
Thunderstorms over Gangetic West Bengal in the pre-monsoon season and the synoptic factors favourable for their formation
Authors: KOTESWARAM P. , SRINIVASAN V. 
Published: May 2022

The occurrence of thunderstorms in the pre-monsoon season over Gangetic West Bengal in relation to low level synoptic conditions as well as high level perturbations has been examined. It is shown that neither of these factors by itself can produce convective activity, the important condition being the super-position of upper divergence associated with a high level perturbation over a low level convergent area. The upper divergence occurs due to a variety of perturbations-a straight jet stream, a jet stream trough, a trough or even an anti cyclonic vortex and the lower convergence is provided by low or trough at the surface. The importance of sheanng advection in producing divergence ill Jet stream zone is pointed out and the relative efficacy of the various perturbations in producing squalls associated with thunderstorms is analysed.