bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active surveillance of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria to guide antibiotic therapy: a single-center prospective observational study
Authors: Liang Qiqiang , Chen Juan , Xu Yongshan , Chen Yibing , Huang Man 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB) have become a public health concern worldwide. The risk factors associated with CRGNB infection after colonization are unknown, nor is the optimal timing of antibiotic treatment, warranting further investigation.

Methods
A 4-year single-center prospective observational study was conducted. CRGNB-colonized patients were incorporated on admission into our observation cohort for an active surveillance culture program, and analysis of risk factors associated with infections after CRGNB colonization was performed. We divided patients into empirical antibiotic therapy groups and standard antibiotic therapy groups according to whether antibiotics were used before or after cultures yielded a result to explore the relationship between the timing of antibiotics and clinical efficacy.

Results
152 out of 451 CRGNB-colonized patients in the prospective observational cohort developed CRGNB infection. The risk factors associated with CRGNB infection after colonization included CRKP (P < 0.001, OR = 3.27) and CRPA (P < 0.001, OR = 2.97) colonization, history of carbapenems use (P < 0.001, OR = 5.48), and immunocompromise (P < 0.001, OR = 7.07). There were 88 infected patients in the empirical antibiotic therapy groups and 64 in standard antibiotic therapy groups. The mortality was lower in empirical therapy groups than standard therapy groups (17.0% vs. 37.5%, P = 0.004, OR = 0.32).

Conclusions
CRGNB colonized patients who are prone to infection have some high-risk factors included CRKP and CRPA colonization, immunocompromise, and prior carbapenems use. Once infection occurs in CRGNB-colonized patients, early use of effective antibiotics may be associated with reduced mortality, but more studies are needed.
Geographical distribution and genetic diversity of Bradyrhizobium spp. isolated from Korean soybean root nodules
Authors: Kim Ye-eun , Shin Hanseob , Yang Youri , Hur Hor-Gil 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the distribution and genetic diversity of the indigenous Bradyrhizobium spp. in the Korean agricultural field. A total of 254 Bradyrhizobium strains were isolated from 97 soybean samples (9 cultivars) collected in 14 regions. B. elkanii dominated in the southern regions, while B. diazoefficiens dominated in most central and northern regions. Through non-parametric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis, we confirmed the possibility that environmental factors such as annual average temperature and soybean cultivars might affect the distribution of Bradyrhizobium spp. in some regions. The DNA fingerprint using repetitive DNA sequences showed the genetic diversity among the Bradyrhizobium strains isolated from the different regions. Clustering the strains based on the genetic diversity indicated that Bradyrhizobium spp. grouped into different clusters depending on geographic location. This study suggests that the Korean indigenous Bradyrhizobium spp. distribute differently according to the geographical feature, and the high genetic diversity of each strain attribute to the geographic location.
Patterns of human social contact and mask wearing in high-risk groups in China
Authors: Zheng Bo , Zhu Wenlong , Pan Jinhua , Wang Weibing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has changed human behavior in areas such as contact patterns and mask-wearing frequency. Exploring human–human contact patterns and mask-wearing habits in high-risk groups is an essential step in fully understanding the transmission of respiratory infection-based diseases. This study had aims to quantify local human–human (H–H) contacts in high-risk groups in representative provinces of China and to explore the occupation-specific assortativity and heterogeneity of social contacts.

Methods
Delivery workers, medical workers, preschoolers, and students from Qinghai, Shanghai, and Zhejiang were recruited to complete an online questionnaire that queried general information, logged contacts, and assessed the willingness to wear a mask in different settings. The “group contact” was defined as contact with a group at least 20 individuals. The numbers of contacts across different characteristics were assessed and age-specific contact matrices were established. A generalized additive mixed model was used to analyze the associations between the number of individual contacts and several characteristics. The factors influencing the frequency of mask wearing were evaluated with a logistic regression model.

Results
A total of 611,287 contacts were reported by 15,635 participants. The frequency of daily individual contacts averaged 3.14 (95% confidence interval: 3.13–3.15) people per day, while that of group contacts was 37.90 (95% CI: 37.20–38.70). Skin-to-skin contact and long-duration contact were more likely to occur at home or among family members. Contact matrices of students were the most assortative (all contacts q-index = 0.899, 95% CI: 0.894–0.904). Participants with larger household sizes reported having more contacts. Higher household income per capita was significantly associated with a greater number of contacts among preschoolers (P50,000–99,999 = 0.033) and students (P10,000–29,999 = 0.017). In each of the public places, the frequency of mask wearing was highest for delivery workers. For preschoolers and students with more contacts, the proportion of those who reported always wearing masks was lower (P < 0.05) in schools/workplaces and public transportation than preschoolers and students with fewer contacts.

Conclusions
Contact screening efforts should be concentrated in the home, school, and workplace after an outbreak of an epidemic, as more than 75% of all contacts, on average, will be found in such places. Efforts should be made to improve the mask-wearing rate and age-specific health promotion measures aimed at reducing transmission for the younger demographic. Age-stratified and occupation-specific social contact research in high-risk groups could help inform policy-making decisions during the post-relaxation period of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Graphical Abstract
Promoting interactive skills and mind-mindedness among early childcare professionals: study protocol for a randomized wait-list controlled trial comparing the Circle of Security approach with care as usual in center-based childcare (the SECURE project)
Authors: Smith-Nielsen Johanne , Wendelboe Katrine Isabella , Mohr Julie Elisabeth Warberg , Væver Mette Skovgaard , Pontoppidan Maiken , Helmerhorst Katrien , Egmose Ida 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
In countries where the majority of young children are enrolled in professional childcare, the childcare setting constitutes an important part of children’s caregiving environment. Research consistently shows that particularly the quality of the daily interactions and relationship between young children and their professional caregivers have long-term effects on a range of developmental child outcomes. Therefore, professional caregivers’ capacity for establishing high quality interactions with the children in their care is an important target of intervention.

Methods
A prospective, parallel, cluster-randomized wait-list controlled trial is used to test the efficacy of the attachment- and mentalization theory informed Circle of Security (COS) approach adapted to the childcare setting (COS-Classroom) on caregiver interactive skills and mind-mindedness. Participants are professional caregivers of children aged 0–2.9 years working in center-based childcare in Denmark. Approximately 31 childcare centers, corresponding to an estimated 113 caregivers, are expected to participate. The primary outcome is caregiver Sensitive responsiveness measured with the Caregiver Interactive Profile Scales (CIP-scales). Secondary outcomes include caregiver Mind-mindedness, the five remaining CIP-scales (Respect for autonomy, Structure and limit setting, Verbal communication, Developmental stimulation, and Fostering positive peer interactions), and caregivers’ resources to cope with work-related stress. Data on structural factors (e.g., staff stability, caregiver-child ratio, and level of pre-service education), caregiver attachment style, acceptability and feasibility of the COS-C together with qualitative data on how the participants experience the COS-C is additionally collected to investigate moderating and confounding effects.

Discussion
Examining the effectiveness of the COS-C in center-based childcare contributes to the knowledge of evidence-based intervention programs and can potentially improve the caregiver quality early childcare.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04654533. Prospectively registered December 4, 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04654533.
Synergistic anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of repurposed anti-parasitic drug combinations
Authors: Jitobaom Kunlakanya , Boonarkart Chompunuch , Manopwisedjaroen Suwimon , Punyadee Nuntaya , Borwornpinyo Suparerk , Thitithanyanont Arunee , Avirutnan Panisadee , Auewarakul Prasert 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 pandemic has claimed millions of lives and devastated the health service system, livelihood, and economy in many countries worldwide. Despite the vaccination programs in many countries, the spread of the pandemic continues, and effective treatment is still urgently needed. Although some antiviral drugs have been shown to be effective, they are not widely available. Repurposing of anti-parasitic drugs with in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity is a promising approach being tested in many clinical trials. Combination of these drugs is a plausible way to enhance their effectiveness.

Methods
The in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of combinations of niclosamide, ivermectin and chloroquine were evaluated in Vero E6 and lung epithelial cells, Calu-3.

Results
All the two-drug combinations showed higher potency resulting in up to 4-fold reduction in the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values compared to individual drugs. Among these combinations, niclosamide-ivermectin achieved the highest inhibitory level of over 99%. Combination synergy analysis showed niclosamide-ivermectin combination to have the best synergy score with a mean Loewe synergy score of 4.28 and a peak synergy score of 24.6 in Vero E6 cells and a mean Loewe synergy score of 3.82 and a peak synergy score of 10.86 in Calu-3 cells.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrated the benefit of drug combinations on anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Niclosamide and ivermectin showed the best synergistic profile and should be further tested in clinical trials.
Nonlinear triggering process of whistler-mode emissions in a homogeneous magnetic field
Authors: Fujiwara Yuya , Nogi Takeshi , Omura Yoshiharu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe perform an electromagnetic particle simulation of triggered emissions in a uniform magnetic field for understanding of nonlinear wave–particle interaction in the vicinity of the magnetic equator. A finite length of a whistler-mode triggering wave packet with a constant frequency is injected by oscillating an external current at the equator. We find that the first subpacket of triggered emissions is generated in the homogeneous magnetic field. By analyzing resonant currents and resonant electron dynamics in the simulation, we find that the formation of an electron hole in a velocity phase space results in resonant currents, and the currents cause wave amplification and frequency increase. We obtain the interaction time of counter-streaming resonant electrons in a triggering wave packet with a finite width. By changing the duration time of the triggering pulse, we evaluate the interaction time necessary for formation of an electron hole. We conduct 4 runs with different duration times of the triggering pulse, 980, 230, 105, 40 $$\Omega _e^{-1}$$

Ω
e

-
1

, which correspond to cases with interaction times, 370%, 86%, 39%, and 15% of the nonlinear trapping period, respectively. We find generation of triggered emissions in the three cases of 370%, 86%, and 39%, which agrees with the conventional nonlinear model that the nonlinear transition time, which is necessary for formation of resonant currents, is about a quarter of the nonlinear trapping period.
Graphic Abstract
Screening and addressing social needs of children and families enrolled in a pediatric weight management program: a protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wahi Gita , Marjerrison Stacey , Gutierrez Carline , Krasevich Kimberley , Morrison Katherine M. , Thabane Lehana 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
There is a paucity of evidence to support interventions that address the social needs of children and families with chronic medical conditions. The primary objective of this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to assess the feasibility of an intervention that screens for and addresses the social needs of children and families enrolled in a pediatric weight management clinic.

Method
We will conduct a single-center, pilot RCT of 40 families with children enrolled in a pediatric weight management program at a tertiary children’s hospital in Ontario, Canada. Families who are experiencing unmet social needs will be randomized to either a community navigator or self-navigation of community resources. The primary feasibility outcomes and criteria for success include the following: (1) recruitment rates, will be successful if 80% of our target sample is met in the 6 months of recruitment; (2) uptake of intervention, will be considered successful if > 80% of families complete the intervention; and (3) follow-up of participants, will be considered successful if > 90% of participants complete all the study visits. The secondary outcomes include estimating the preliminary effects on body mass index, body composition, and quality of life at 6 months. The analysis of feasibility outcomes will be based on descriptive statistics, and analysis of secondary clinical outcomes will be reported as estimates of effect. We will not perform tests of significance since these analyses are purely exploratory.

Discussion
This study is important because it will aim to improve the treatment of pediatric obesity by testing the feasibility of an intervention that addresses unmet social needs.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrias.gov: NCT04711707 (Registered January 13, 2021).
Constructional network at work in second language acquisition
Authors: Jiang Canzhong , Wen Xu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSecond Language Acquisition (SLA) has benefited quite a lot from Construction Grammar. Most of the previous SLA researches adopting a constructionist approach have been primarily engaged in issues pertinent to the relevance of construction in SLA, the process of second language (L2) construction learning, and factors affecting L2 construction learning. This paper distinguishes itself from previous research by embarking on a new direction in the constructionist approach to SLA from the perspective of the constructional network. Specifically, it deals with how constructional network works in SLA and argues that L2 constructional network bears the imprint of and is reconstructed from L2 learners’ L1 constructional network. The constructional network works in SLA in at least two ways which are manifested in the motivating function of vertical links in L2 learners’ acquisition of schematic and complex constructions and the facilitative or inhibitive effect of horizontal links in L2 construction learning. Admittedly, our description of how the constructional network works in SLA is precursory and nonexclusive, and some general and specific issues are raised for future research.
Coumarin and fatty alcohol from root bark of strychnos innocua (delile): isolation, characterization and in silico molecular docking studies
Authors: Uttu Ahmed Jibrin , Sallau Muhammad Sani , Iyun Ogunkemi Risikat Agbeke , Ibrahim Hamisu 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Coumarin and fatty alcohol are abundant in nature, particularly in plants, and have been reported to have therapeutic uses. Strychnos innocua (Loganiaceae family) is commonly utilized for medicinal purposes in several African countries. Ethyl acetate extract of the plant (root bark) was subjected to chromatography separation, leading to the isolation of Umbelliferone (1) and 2,13-octadecadien-1-ol (2).

Results
Their structures were verified using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and then compared with published data. This is the first time these compounds (1 and 2) have been isolated from S. innocua root bark. In the molecular docking analysis, the binding scores of the compounds (1 and 2) with the binding sites of Staphylococcus aureus pyruvate carboxylase (PDB: 3HO8) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factor regulator (PDB: 2OZ6) were − 5.6 and − 4.7 kcal/mol, and − 6.9 and − 5.7 kcal/mol, respectively. These were compared with ciprofloxacin (standard drug), which had docking scores of -6.6 and -8.7 kcal/mol, respectively.

Conclusions
In conclusion, this study established the rich presence of Umbelliferone and 2,13-octadecadien-1-ol in the plant root bark, and their docking studies revealed moderate binding potential with the binding sites of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

Graphical Abstract
Quantitative analysis of retained austenite in Nb added Fe-based alloy
Authors: Ko Kwang Kyu , Jang Jin Ho , Tiwari Saurabh , Bae Hyo Ju , Sung Hyo Kyung , Kim Jung Gi , Seol Jae Bok 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe use of Pipelines for long-distance transportation of crude oil, natural gas and similar applications is increasing and has pivotal importance in recent times. High specific strength plays a crucial role in improving transport efficiency through increased pressure and improved laying efficiency through reduced diameter and weight of line pipes. TRIP-based high-strength and high-ductility alloys comprise a mixture of ferrite, bainite, and retained austenite that provide excellent mechanical properties such as dimensional stability, fatigue strength, and impact toughness. This study performs microstructure analysis using both Nital etching and LePera etching methods. At the time of Nital etching, it is difficult to distinctly observe second phase. However, using LePera etching conditions it is possible to distinctly measure the M/A phase and ferrite matrix. The fraction measurement was done using OM and SEM images which give similar results for the average volume fraction of the phases. Although it is possible to distinguish the M/A phase from the SEM image of the sample subjected to LePera etching. However, using Nital etching is nearly impossible. Nital etching is good at specific phase analysis than LePera etching when using SEM images.
Mixed connective tissue disease: presenting as trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Jeemon Gladwin , Neha T. H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractConnective tissue diseases (autoimmune rheumatic diseases) are a group of disorders of unknown etiology. The term mixed connective tissue (MCTD) is used when two or more autoimmune diseases occur in the same individual simultaneously, for example, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis in various combinations. Here, we report a case of MCTD presenting as trigeminal neuralgia.
Sonographic findings of thoracic empyema: outcome perspectives
Authors: Said Ahmad Mohamed , Samra Saad R. , Al Fakharny Karim M. , Sileem Ashraf E. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Despite advances in antimicrobial therapy and a range of drainage techniques for the infected pleural area, thoracic empyema continues to be a serious reason behind morbidity and mortality. Although chest ultrasonography has been found to be an efficient diagnostic tool for pleural effusion features, it is rarely utilized to predict the outcomes of pleural illnesses.

Aim of the work
To determine the impact of sonographic patterns in predicting the outcomes of thoracic empyema patients.

Patients and methods
In this retrospective study, patients were divided into four groups based on their sonographic patterns: (I) complex non-septated effusions (plankton sign), (II) complex fixed septated effusions, (III) complex mobile septated effusions, and (IV) homogenously echogenic effusions (hematocrit sign). These sonographic patterns were compared to the patients’ co-morbidities, length of stay in the hospital, chest tube drainage, and medicinal or surgical therapy effectiveness.

Results
In comparison with other sonographic pattern groups, patients in group I (70.6%) and group IV (45.5%) had effective thoracic tube drainage with a very high statistically significant difference (P value < 0.001). For patients in group II (75%) (P value < 0.001), open thoracotomy was a very highly significant effective therapy (P value 0.001).

Conclusion
The sonographic pattern of thoracic empyema is a useful tool for guiding treatment decisions in these patients.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery Provides Long-Term Safety for Patients With Arteriovenous Malformations in the Diencephalon and Brainstem: The Optimal Dose Selection and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Shinya Yuki , Hasegawa Hirotaka , Shin Masahiro , Kawashima Mariko , Koizumi Satoshi , Katano Atsuto , Suzuki Yuichi , Kashiwabara Kosuke , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the diencephalon (DC) and brainstem (BS) are difficult to treat. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a reasonable option; however, an optimal radiosurgical dose needs to be established to optimize long-term outcomes.

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate dose-dependent long-term outcomes of SRS for DC/BS-AVMs.

METHODS:
We retrospectively analyzed the long-term outcomes of 118 patients who had SRS-treated DC/BS-AVMs. The outcomes included post-SRS hemorrhage, AVM obliteration, neurological outcomes, and disease-specific survival. According to margin doses, the patients were classified into low (<18 Gy), medium (18-20 Gy), and high (>20 Gy) dose groups.

RESULTS:
SRS reduced the annual hemorrhage rate from 8.6% to 1.6% before obliteration and 0.0% after obliteration. The cumulative hemorrhage rate in the low dose group was likely to be higher than that in the other groups (P = .113). The cumulative obliteration rates in the entire cohort were 74% and 83% at 5 and 10 years, respectively, and were significantly lower in the low dose group than in the other groups (vs medium dose: P = .027, vs high dose: P = .016). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that low dose SRS was significantly associated with worse obliteration rates (hazard ratio 0.18, 95% CI 0.04-0.79; P = .023).

CONCLUSION:
SRS with a margin dose of 18 to 20 Gy for DC/BS-AVMs may be optimal, providing a higher obliteration rate and lower risk of post-SRS hemorrhage than lower dose SRS. Dose reduction to <18 Gy should only be optional when higher doses are intolerable.