bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental Functioning Outcomes in Infants With Cystic Fibrosis: A 24- to 36-Month Follow-Up Study
Authors: Tekerlek Haluk , Yardımcı-Lokmanoğlu Bilge Nur , Inal-Ince Deniz , Özçelik Uğur , Mutlu Akmer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine early motor repertoire using Prechtl General Movement Assessment (GMA) and later developmental functioning of infants with cystic fibrosis (CF).MethodsEarly motor repetoire was evaluated using Prechtl GMA, and developmental functioning was assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition (Bayley-III) in infants with CF and their peers who were neurotypical, as the control group.ResultsTwelve infants with CF clinically stable and 12 infants who were neurotypical, with respective median post-term ages of 14 and 13 weeks, were assessed using GMA. At 24 to 36 months, the Bayley-III was applied to the CF group (median post-term age = 27.5 months) and the control group (median post-term age = 27.0 months). Fidgety movements were absent in 5 infants with CF, whereas all infants who were neurotypical had normal fidgety movements. The Motor Optimality Score was significantly lower in the CF group (median = 18.5) compared with the control group (median = 26). The CF group had significantly lower composite scores in the Bayley-III cognition, language, and motor domains compared with the control group.ConclusionCognitive, language, and motor development was delayed in infants with CF. Developmental functioning of infants with CF should be assessed as early as possible and monitored, and age-specific early intervention programs should be considered when necessary.ImpactInfants with CF may have motor, cognitive, and language developmental delays compared with peers who are neurotypical during early childhood, and hospitalization was negatively correlated with motor development at 24 to 36 months of age. This study highlights the importance of early assessment of developmental functioning and age-specific, early intervention programs when necessary in infants with CF.Lay SummaryIt is important to assess developmental functioning as early as possible in infants with CF and to consider age-specific early intervention programs when necessary.
The global burden of sudden infant death syndrome from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019
Authors: Park S , Han J H , Hwang J , Yon D K , Lee S W , Kim J H , Koyanagi A , Jacob L , Oh H , Kostev K , Dragioti E , Radua J , Eun H S , Shin J I , Smith L 
Published: April 2022

Summary

Background
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) still remains one of the leading causes of infant death worldwide, especially in high-income countries. To date, however, there is no detailed information on the global health burden of SIDS.

Aims
To characterize the global disease burden of SIDS and its trends from 1990 to 2019 and to compare the burden of SIDS according to the socio-demographic index (SDI).

Design
Systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data.

Methods
Epidemiological data of 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were collected via various methods including civil registration and vital statistics in the original GBD study. Estimates for mortality and disease burden of SIDS were modeled. Crude mortality and mortality rates per 100 000 population were analyzed. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and DALY rates were also assessed.

Results
In 2019, mortality rate of SIDS accounted for 20.98 [95% Uncertainty Interval, 9.15–46.16] globally, which was a 51% decrease from 1990. SIDS was most prevalent in Western sub-Saharan Africa, High-income North America and Oceania in 2019. The burden of SIDS was higher in males than females consistently from 1990 to 2019. Higher SDI and income level was associated with lower burden of SIDS; furthermore, countries with higher SDI and income had greater decreases in SIDS burden from 1990 to 2019.

Conclusions
The burden of SIDS has decreased drastically from 1990 to 2019. However, the improvements have occurred disproportionately between regions and SDI levels. Focused preventive efforts in under-resourced populations are needed.
Fibromyalgia, mood disorders, cognitive test results, cognitive symptoms and quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Raghunath Sudha , Guymer Emma K , Glikmann-Johnston Yifat , Golder Vera , Kandane Rathnayake Rangi , Morand Eric F , Stout Julie C , Hoi Alberta 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Cognitive dysfunction, and comorbidities such as mood disorder and fibromyalgia, are common in SLE. This study aims to explore the associations between fibromyalgia, mood disorders, cognitive symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in SLE patients, and their impact on quality of life.

Methods
We tested cognition in SLE patients and healthy controls, and evaluated cognitive symptoms, mood disorder, fibromyalgia, fatigue and quality of life using patient-reported outcome measures. We examined associations of these comorbidities with both patient-reported cognitive symptoms and cognitive test performance.

Results
High fibromyalgia symptom score and history of depression or anxiety were associated with cognitive dysfunction. There were no significant associations between current depression, anxiety symptoms or fatigue score and objective cognitive dysfunction. In contrast, mood disorder symptoms, history of mood disorder, fibromyalgia symptoms and fatigue all had significant associations with patient-reported cognitive symptoms. There were no significant associations between patient-reported cognitive symptoms and objective cognitive dysfunction. Objective cognitive dysfunction, patient-reported cognitive symptoms, history of mood disorder and fibromyalgia symptoms all had significant associations with poorer quality of life; fibromyalgia had the biggest impact.

Conclusions
Cognitive symptoms are common in SLE, but there were no associations between cognitive symptoms and objective cognitive dysfunction. Depression, anxiety and fibromyalgia were more consistently associated with patient-reported cognitive symptoms than with objective cognitive dysfunction. These factors all have a significant impact on quality of life. Understanding the discrepancy between patient-reported cognitive symptoms and cognitive test performance is essential to advance care in this area of unmet need.
Development and Evaluation of the Altered Student Study Environment Tool: A Tool to Measure Nursing Student Concerns Relating to Academic Progression During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fernandez Ritin , Green Heidi , Middleton Rebekkah , Halcomb Elizabeth , Moxham Lorna 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Rapid alterations to study environments during COVID-19 raised concerns for nursing students about their academic progression.

AIM
The study aim was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Altered Student Study Environment Tool (ASSET) and the relationship between students’ concerns, demographics, COVID-19-related knowledge, and communication received from the university.

METHOD
The 11-item ASSET and investigator-developed questions were administered to prelicensure nursing students using an anonymous online survey.

RESULTS
Responses were obtained from 234 students. Exploratory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure, namely, attending clinical placement, completion of clinical placement, and grade attainment. Students with higher scores on knowledge had significantly lower concerns for the subscale attending clinical placement. Full-time students had significantly higher concerns for the subscale completion of clinical placement.

CONCLUSION
The ASSET is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used to measure concerns relating to the effects of altered study environments on academic progression.
Adult Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Karamian Brian A. , Lambrechts Mark J. , Mao Jennifer , D’Antonio Nicholas D. , Conaway William , Canseco Jose A. , Thandoni Aditya , Singh Akash , Harlamova Daria , Kaye Ian David , Kurd Mark , Woods Barrett I. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. 
Published: April 2022

Study Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to compare radiographic and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) between circumferential fusions and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for adult isthmic spondylolisthesis (IS).

Summary of Background Data:
Definitive management of adult IS typically requires decompression and fusion. Multiple fusion techniques have been described, but literature is sparse in identifying the optimal technique.

Methods:
Patients with IS undergoing single-level or 2-level circumferential fusion or TLIF with a minimum 1-year follow-up were included. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and PROMs were extracted from patients’ electronic medical records. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis compared outcomes with significance set at P-value <0.05.

Results:
A total of 78 circumferential fusions (48 open decompression and fusions and 30 circumferential fusions utilizing posterior percutaneous instrumentation) and 50 TLIF procedures were included. Length of stay was significantly longer when comparing circumferential procedures (3.56±0.96 d) versus TLIFs (2.88±1.14 d) (P=0.002). The circumferential fusion group resulted in greater postoperative improvement in segmental lordosis [anterior/posterior (A/P): 6.45, TLIF: −1.99, P<0.001], posterior disk height (A/P: 12.6 mm, TLIF: 8.9 mm, P<0.001), and ∆disk height (A/P: 7.7 mm, TLIF: 3.6 mm, P<0.001). Both groups significantly improved in all PROMs (P<0.001). While the circumferential fusion group had a significantly higher rate of perioperative surgical complications (12.82% vs. 2.00%, P=0.049), there was no difference in the rate of 30-day readmissions (P=0.520) or revision surgeries between techniques (P=0.057).

Conclusions:
Circumferential fusions are associated with improvements in radiographic outcomes compared with TLIFs, but this is at the expense of longer hospital length of stay and increased risk for perioperative complications. The surgical technique did not result in superior postoperative PROMs or differences in readmissions or revisions.
Causal Effect of Chronic Pain on Mortality Through Opioid Prescriptions: Application of the Front-Door Formula
Authors: Inoue Kosuke , Ritz Beate , Arah Onyebuchi A. 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Chronic pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide and is strongly associated with the epidemic of opioid overdosing events. However, the causal links between chronic pain, opioid prescriptions, and mortality remain unclear.

Methods:
This study included 13,884 US adults aged ≥20 years who provided data on chronic pain in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004 with linkage to mortality databases through 2015. We employed the generalized form of the front-door formula within the structural causal model framework to investigate the causal effect of chronic pain on all-cause mortality mediated by opioid prescriptions.

Results:
We identified a total of 718 participants at 3 years of follow-up and 1260 participants at 5 years as having died from all causes. Opioid prescriptions increased the risk of all-cause mortality with an estimated odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) = 1.5 (1.1, 1.9) at 3 years and 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) at 5 years. The front-door formula revealed that chronic pain increased the risk of all-cause mortality through opioid prescriptions; OR = 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) at 3 years and 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) at 5 years. Our bias analysis showed that our findings based on the front-door formula were likely robust to plausible sources of bias from uncontrolled exposure–mediator or mediator–outcome confounding.

Conclusions:
Chronic pain increased the risk of all-cause mortality through opioid prescriptions. Our findings highlight the importance of careful guideline-based chronic pain management to prevent death from possibly inappropriate opioid prescriptions driven by chronic pain.
Outcomes and Revenue Generation of a Community-based Screening at a Center in the United States: The SToP Glaucoma Program
Authors: Varadara Varshini , Wahl Madison , Gajwani Prateek , David Jenina , Dutson Madison , Zhao Di , Guallar Eliseo , Swenor Bonnielin K. , Johnson Thomas V. , Friedman David S. ,   on behalf of The SToP Glaucoma Study Group
Published: April 2022

Precis:
Of 611 individuals seen at referral clinic visits following community screenings, 76% were diagnosed with ≤1 eye condition needing treatment, generating a total of $213,110 in collections for the institution over 2.5-years.

Purpose:
To examine outcomes and revenue generation of community-based eye screenings.

Methods:
Individuals aged ≥50 years screened at community sites in Baltimore, Maryland, with abnormal ophthalmic findings were referred for one free-of-charge definitive eye exam at the Wilmer Eye Institute. Diagnoses, treatment, and billing information were abstracted from electronic medical records of patients subsequently seen at Wilmer from January 1, 2016-July 31, 2018.

Results:
611 individuals attended 3,696 encounters at Wilmer during this time-period. Most patients were female (60.3%) and African American (83.7%). At the screening event, 82.9% reported difficulty seeing when not wearing corrective eyewear although only 49.8% reported having visited an eye doctor within the last two years. The majority (60.2%) reported having Medicare/Medicaid coverage, and 8.1% reported being uninsured. At the definitive eye exam after screening, 75.5% of patients were diagnosed with ≥1 eye condition, most commonly cataract (30.3%), suspicion of glaucoma (24.9%), manifest glaucoma (11.9%), diabetic retinopathy (5.4%), and ocular hypertension (2.6%). 430 (70.4%) individuals required treatment including surgery (n=106), intravitreal injections (n=14), laser procedures (n=9), and medications (n=48). A total of $213,110 was collected for visits and procedures after the initial referral visit during the study period.

Conclusions:
A large community-based vision screening program in Baltimore was able to identify ocular conditions requiring treatment in underserved older adults and connect them to eye care. Our findings also highlight that this model simultaneously generates new revenue streams for the institution organizing the community screenings.
Autoantibodies from patients with complex regional pain syndrome induce pro-inflammatory effects and functional disturbances on endothelial cells in vitro
Authors: Dharmalingam Backialakshmi , Singh Pratibha , Schramm Patrick , Birklein Frank , Kaps Manfred , Lips Katrin Susanne , Szalay Gabor , Blaes Franz , Tschernatsch Marlene 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is an inadequate local response after a limb trauma, which leads to severe pain and autonomic and trophic changes of the affected limb. Autoantibodies directed against human β2 adrenergic and muscarinic M2 receptors (hβ2AR and hM2R) have been described in CRPS patients previously. We analyzed sera from CRPS patients for autoantibodies against hβ2AR, hM2R, and endothelial cells and investigated the functional effects of purified IgG, derived from 13 patients with CRPS, on endothelial cells. Eleven healthy controls, 7 radial fracture patients without CRPS, and 10 patients with peripheral arterial vascular disease served as control subjects. The CRPS-IgG, but not control IgG, bound to the surface of endothelial cells (P < 0.001) and to hβ2AR and hM2R (P < 0.05), the latter being reversed by adding β2AR and M2R antagonists. The CRPS-IgG led to an increased cytotoxicity and a reduced proliferation rate of endothelial cells, and by adding specific antagonists, the effect was neutralized. Regarding second messenger pathways, CRPS-IgG induced ERK1/2, p38, and STAT1 phosphorylation, whereas AKT phosphorylation was decreased at the protein level. In addition, increased expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) on the mRNA level was induced by CRPS-IgG, thus inducing a pro-inflammatory condition of the endothelial cells. Our results show that patients with CRPS not only develop autoantibodies against hβ2AR and hM2R, but these antibodies also interfere with endothelial cells, inducing functional effects on these in vitro, and thus might contribute to the pathophysiology of CRPS.
Altered pain sensitivity in 5×familial Alzheimer disease mice is associated with dendritic spine loss in anterior cingulate cortex pyramidal neurons
Authors: Cui Zhengyu , Guo Zhongzhao , Wei Luyao , Zou Xiang , Zhu Zilu , Liu Yuchen , Wang Jie , Chen Liang , Wang Deheng , Ke Zunji 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Chronic pain is highly prevalent. Individuals with cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer disease are a susceptible population in which pain is frequently difficult to diagnosis. It is still unclear whether the pathological changes in patients with Alzheimer disease will affect pain processing. Here, we leverage animal behavior, neural activity recording, optogenetics, chemogenetics, and Alzheimer disease modeling to examine the contribution of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neurons to pain response. The 5× familial Alzheimer disease mice show alleviated mechanical allodynia which can be regained by the genetic activation of ACC excitatory neurons. Furthermore, the lower peak neuronal excitation, delayed response initiation, as well as the dendritic spine reduction of ACC pyramidal neurons in 5×familial Alzheimer disease mice can be mimicked by Rac1 or actin polymerization inhibitor in wild-type (WT) mice. These findings indicate that abnormal of pain sensitivity in Alzheimer disease modeling mice is closely related to the variation of neuronal activity and dendritic spine loss in ACC pyramidal neurons, suggesting the crucial role of dendritic spine density in pain processing.
From the Birth of Occupational Therapy and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation to Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Altschuler Eric L. , Altschuler Daniel L. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation has entered its second century of publication. In this centennial review, we chronicle the evolution of the journal from its origin in 1922 as the Archives of Occupational Therapy to the present. In particular, we focus on the contributions to the journal and the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation by Founding Editor-in-Chief William Rush Dunton, Jr, MD, and the rise of publication of randomized controlled studies in the journal, thus fulfilling Dr Dunton’s original vision and dream for the field and the journal.
Bilateral Avid Axillary Nodes on FDG PET/CT Due to Concurrent Booster COVID-19 Immunization and Seasonal Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Nawwar Ayah Adel , Searle Julie , Lyburn Iain Douglas 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In an attempt to protect the high-risk demographic and reduce burden on health care systems, concomitant administration of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines has been recommended by health bodies. The ComFluCOV trial indicates this is well tolerated with no reduction in immune response to either vaccine. A 48-year-old woman with right oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma underwent postradiotherapy FDG PET/CT, which demonstrated complete metabolic response. Incidental avid bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy of benign configuration was noted and concluded to be reactive in response to recent Pfizer-BioNTech booster and influenza vaccination. This is expected to be seen more frequently over the coming months.
Utility of PET to Appropriately Select Patients for PSMA-Targeted Theranostics
Authors: Eshghi Anna , Covington Matthew F. , Eshghi Naghmehossadat , Kuo Phillip H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The majority of aggressive prostate cancers overexpress the transmembrane protein prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). PSMA is, therefore, an attractive target for drug development. Over the last decade, numerous PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals for imaging and therapy have been developed and investigated in theranostic combination. PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals for imaging have been primarily developed for PET. PSMA PET provides whole-body evaluation of the degree of PSMA expression on tumors and potentially provides a method to better select patients for PSMA-targeted therapy. Numerous PSMA-targeted therapeutic agents using β- or α-particle emitters are under study in clinical trials. In particular, the β-particle–emitting radioisotope 177Lu bound to PSMA-targeted small molecules have ongoing and completed late-stage clinical trials in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. To define the most appropriate patient group for PSMA-targeted therapeutics, multiple studies have investigated PSMA and FDG PET/CT to establish PET parameters as predictive and prognostic biomarkers. This article discusses recent clinical trials that examine the optimal use of PET for the selection of patients for PSMA-targeted therapeutics and provides an integrative overview of choice of PET tracer(s), targeting molecule, therapeutic radioisotope, nonradioactive therapy, and cancer type (prostate or nonprostate).
Safety performance functions to predict separation minima infringements in en-route airspace
Authors: Delgado-Aguilera Jurado Raquel , Gómez Comendador Victor Fernando , Zamarreño Suárez María , Pérez Moreno Francisco , Verdonk Gallego Christian Eduardo , Arnaldo Valdes Rosa María 
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to establish a systematic framework to characterise the safety of air routes, in terms of separation minima infringements (SMIs) between en-route aircraft, based on the definition of models known as safety performance functions.Design/methodology/approachTechniques with high predictive capability were selected that enable both expert knowledge and data to be harnessed: Bayesian networks. It was necessary to establish a conceptual framework that integrates the knowledge currently available on the causality and precursors of SMIs with the hindsight derived from the analysis of the type of data available. To translate the conceptual framework into a set of causal subnets, the concepts of air traffic management (ATM) barrier model and event trees have been incorporated.FindingsThe model combines analytics and insights, as well as predictive capability, to answer the question of how airspace separation infringements are produced and what their frequency of occurrence will be. The main outputs of the network are the predicted probability of success for the ATM barriers and the predicted probability distribution of the vertical and horizontal separation of an aircraft in its closest point of approach.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this work is that, by virtue of the calculation capacity obtained, the network can be used to draw conclusions about the impact that a modification of the airspace and of the traffic, or operational conditions, would have on the effectiveness of the barriers and on the final distributions of distance between aircraft in the CPA, thereby estimating the probability of SMI.