bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of bicyclol for treating patients with idiosyncratic acute drug‐induced liver injury: A multicenter, randomized, phase II trial
Authors: Tang Jieting , Gu Jin , Chu Naihui , Chen Yu , Wang Yongliang , Xue Dongying , Xie Qing , Li Lei , Mei Zaoxian , Wang Xiaojin , Li Jun , Chen Jun , Li Yi , Yang Changqing , Wang Yingxin , Shang Jia , Xie Wen , Hu Peng , Li Dongliang , Zhao Limin , Lan Pei , Wang Chen , Chen Chengwei , Mao Yimin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsEvidence for using bicyclol in drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is limited. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of bicyclol in acute DILI.MethodsThis was a multicenter, randomized, double‐blinded, double‐dummy, active‐controlled, superiority and phase II trial. Patients with idiosyncratic acute DILI were randomized 1: 1:1 to low‐dose bicyclol (25 mg times a day [TID]), high‐dose bicyclol (50 mg TID) and polyene phosphatidylcholine (control) groups. The primary endpoint was the decrease from baseline in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at post‐treatment for 4 weeks.ResultsOverall, 241 patients were included in the full analysis set, with 81, 82 and 78 patients in the low‐dose bicyclol, high‐dose bicyclol, and control groups respectively. ALT levels decreased across groups (−249.2 ± 151.1, −273.6 ± 203.1, and −180.8 ± 218.2 U/L in the low‐dose bicyclol, high‐dose bicyclol and control groups, respectively; both p < .001, the bicyclol‐dependent groups vs. control group). The ALT normalization rates at weeks 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 were higher in the bicyclol‐dependent groups than in the control group (p = .002 at week 1 and all p < .001 at weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8 respectively). The median times to ALT normalization in the low‐dose bicyclol, high‐dose bicyclol and control groups were 29, 16 and 43 days respectively. Adverse events, serious adverse events and adverse drug reactions were similar across groups.ConclusionsBicyclol (25 and 50 mg TID) appeared efficacious and safe for treating idiosyncratic acute DILI, while bicyclol 50 mg TID showed higher efficacy.Trial Registration Numberwww.Clinicaltrials.gov (registration no. NCT02944552).
The effects of highly reduced magmatism revealed through aubrites
Authors: Wilbur Zoë E. , Udry Arya , McCubbin Francis M. , vander Kaaden Kathleen E. , DeFelice Christopher , Ziegler Karen , Ross Daniel Kent , McCoy Timothy J. , Gross Juliane , Barnes Jessica J. , Dygert Nick , Zeigler Ryan A. , Turrin Brent D. , McCoy Christopher 
Published: May 2022

AbstractEnstatite‐rich meteorites, including the aubrites, formed under conditions of very low oxygen fugacity (ƒO2: iron‐wüstite buffer −2 to −6) and thus offer the ability to study reduced magmatism present on multiple bodies in our solar system. Elemental partitioning among metals, sulfides, and silicates is poorly constrained at low ƒO2; however, studies of enstatite‐rich meteorites may yield empirical evidence of the effects of low ƒO2 on elemental behavior. This work presents comprehensive petrologic and oxygen isotopic studies of 14 aubrites, including four meteorites that have not been previously investigated in detail. The aubrites exhibit a variety of textures and mineralogy, and their elemental zoning patterns point to slow cooling histories for all 14 samples. Oxygen isotope analyses suggest that the aubrite parent bodies may be more heterogeneous than originally reported or may have experienced incomplete magmatic differentiation. Contrary to the other classified aubrites and based on textural and mineralogical observations, we suggest that the Northwest Africa 8396 meteorite shows an affinity for an enstatite chondrite parentage. By measuring major elemental compositions of silicates, sulfides, and metals, we calculate new metal–silicate, sulfide–silicate, and sulfide–metal partition coefficients for aubrites that are applicable to igneous systems at low ƒO2. The geochemical behavior of elements in aubrites, as determined using partition coefficients, is similar to the geochemical behavior of elements determined experimentally for magmatic systems on Mercury. Enstatite‐rich meteorites, including aubrites, represent valuable natural petrologic analogues to Mercury and their study could further our understanding of reduced magmatism in our solar system.
Microbiomes respond predictably to built habitats on the seafloor
Authors: Hampel Justyna J. , Moseley Rachel D. , Hamdan Leila J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe seafloor contains complex ecosystems where habitat heterogeneity influences biodiversity. Natural biological and geological features including vents, seeps and reefs create habitats that select for distinct populations of micro‐ and macrofauna. While largely studied for macrobiological diversity, built habitats may also select distinct microbiomes. Built habitat density on the seafloor is increasing with ocean sprawl expanding in the continental shelf and slope, potentially having widespread effects on benthic communities. This study addresses one type of built habitat, shipwrecks, on microbiomes in surrounding sediment. Using deep‐sea sediment samples (762 total) from the Gulf of Mexico, we report elevated diversity and a predictable core microbiome around nine shipwrecks. We show the sphere of influence of built habitats extends up to 300 m onto the seafloor. Supervised learning made predictions of sample proximity to structures based on frequency of taxa. Strongest predictions occurred in sediments nearest and furthest from sites for archaea and mid‐transect for bacteria. The response of archaea to built habitats was consistent across sites, while bacteria showed greater between site variability. The archaeal core shipwreck microbiome was enriched in taxa (e.g., Bathyarchaeia, Lokiarchaeia, Thermoplasmata) not present in the surrounding seafloor. Shipwrecks shaped microbiomes in expected ways, providing insight on how built habitats impact microbiome biodiversity in the Anthropocene.
How thermal challenges change gene regulation in the songbird brain and gonad: Implications for sexual selection in our changing world
Authors: Lipshutz Sara E. , Howell Clara R. , Buechlein Aaron M. , Rusch Douglas B. , Rosvall Kimberly A. , Derryberry Elizabeth P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn a rapidly warming world, exposure to high temperatures may impact fitness, but the gene regulatory mechanisms that link sublethal heat to sexually selected traits are not well understood, particularly in endothermic animals. Our experiment used zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), songbirds that experience extreme temperature fluctuations in their native Australia. We exposed captive males to an acute thermal challenge (43°C) compared with thermoneutral (35°C) and lower (27°C) temperatures. We found significantly more heat dissipation behaviours at 43°C, a temperature previously shown to reduce song production and fertility, and more heat retention behaviours at 27°C. Next, we characterized transcriptomic responses in tissues important for mating effort—the posterior telencephalon, for its role in song production, and the testis, for its role in fertility and hormone production. Differential expression of hundreds of genes in the testes, but few in the brain, suggests the brain is less responsive to extreme temperatures. Nevertheless, gene network analyses revealed that expression related to dopaminergic signalling in the brain covaried with heat dissipation behaviours, providing a mechanism by which temporary thermal challenges may alter motivational circuits for song production. In both brain and testis, we observed correlations between thermally sensitive gene networks and individual differences in thermoregulatory behaviour. Although we cannot directly relate these gene regulatory changes to mating success, our results suggest that individual variation in response to thermal challenges could impact sexually selected traits in a warming world.
Shared epigenetic alterations between oral cancer and periodontitis: A preliminary study
Authors: Gabusi Andrea , Gissi Davide B. , Grillini Sara , Stefanini Martina , Tarsitano Achille , Marchetti Claudio , Foschini Maria Pia , Montebugnoli Lucio , Morandi Luca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionWe recently developed a non‐invasive sampling procedure for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) detection based on DNA methylation analysis of a panel of 13 genes. Oral cancer, as well as acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, may influence the methylation level of several genes in the oral cavity. In the present study, we evaluated the presence of periodontal disease (PD) and the methylation status using our 13‐gene panel.MethodsOral brushing specimens were collected from three different patient groups: 23 gingival OSCC patients, 15 patients affected by PD, and 15 healthy volunteers lacking evidence of PD. DNA methylation analysis was performed and each sample was determined to be positive or negative based on a predefined cut‐off value.ResultsPositive results were found for 23/23 OSCC patients, 3/15 PD patients, and 0/15 samples from healthy volunteers. The GP1BB and MIR193 genes in the PD group exhibited mean methylation levels similar to OSCC patients. ZAP70 showed different methylation levels among three groups.ConclusionPreliminary data identified shared epigenetic alterations between PD and OSCC patients in two inflammatory genes (GP1BB and MIR193). This study may help to identify potential links between the two diseases and serve as a starting point for the future research focused on pathogenesis.
A catalogue of resistance gene homologs and a chromosome‐scale reference sequence support resistance gene mapping in winter wheat
Authors: Kale Sandip M. , Schulthess Albert W. , Padmarasu Sudharsan , Boeven Philipp H. G. , Schacht Johannes , Himmelbach Axel , Steuernagel Burkhard , Wulff Brande B. H. , Reif Jochen C. , Stein Nils , Mascher Martin 
Published: May 2022

SummaryA resistance gene atlas is an integral component of the breeder’s arsenal in the fight against evolving pathogens. Thanks to high‐throughput sequencing, catalogues of resistance genes can be assembled even in crop species with large and polyploid genomes. Here, we report on capture sequencing and assembly of resistance gene homologs in a diversity panel of 907 winter wheat genotypes comprising ex situ genebank accessions and current elite cultivars. In addition, we use accurate long‐read sequencing and chromosome conformation capture sequencing to construct a chromosome‐scale genome sequence assembly of cv. Attraktion, an elite variety representative of European winter wheat. We illustrate the value of our resource for breeders and geneticists by (i) comparing the resistance gene complements in plant genetic resources and elite varieties and (ii) conducting genome‐wide associations scans (GWAS) for the fungal diseases yellow rust and leaf rust using reference‐based and reference‐free GWAS approaches. The gene content under GWAS peaks was scrutinized in the assembly of cv. Attraktion.
Rescue venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the deterioration of acute respiratory distress syndrome in pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Shimura Kisho , Matsumoto Shotaro , Ide Kentaro , Baba Chiaki , Nakagawa Satoshi , Shoji Kensuke , Uchida Hajime , Fukuda Akinari , Sakamoto Seisuke , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundTwenty percent of pediatric patients with BA develop ACLF with increased mortality while awaiting LT. Respiratory complications are common in pediatric ACLF and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. ARDS is the most severe manifestation of acute respiratory failure with considerable risk of mortality.MethodsA 5‐month‐old girl with post‐Kasai BA preoperatively experienced ARDS from RSV infection while awaiting LT. She developed decompensated liver failure with shock, acute kidney injury, coagulopathy, and pulmonary hemorrhage after several episodes of sepsis over the course of 1 month in the PICU. At this stage, RSV was not detected in the patient's tracheal aspirate by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. She underwent living donor LT to manage her pre‐existing critical state. Following reperfusion during LT, her pre‐existing ARDS rapidly deteriorated, which was alleviated by intraoperative VV ECMO.ResultsSevere respiratory acidosis improved rapidly following ECMO, and LT was completed uneventfully. The patient was successfully weaned off ECMO on POD 3.ConclusionsThis is the first pediatric case rescued by the intraoperative application of ECMO during LT. Our case and cumulative evidence suggest that VV ECMO can serve as rescue therapy for perioperative refractory respiratory failure in pediatric LT.
Spectral Photoluminescent Parameters of Barley Seeds (Hordéum vulgáre) Infected with Fusarium ssp
Authors: Moskovsky Maxim N. , Shogenov Yuri H. , Lavrov Alexander V. , Gulyaev Anatoly A. , Efremenkov Igor Yu. , Pyatchenkov Denis S. , Belyakov Mikhail V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe needed effective and sustainable technologies for better microbiological control of crops, including Fusarium. However, photoluminescent UV–Vis methods are potential for diagnosing plant diseases with Fusarium. It has not been sufficiently studied despite the application of these methods for other biological researches. The excitation spectrum of the seeds during infection shifts to the shorter wavelength and a new maximum appears in the region λ ≈ 232 nm. The photoluminescence of infected seeds increases with excitation by radiation of wavelengths λe,1 = 232 nm, λe,2 = 362 nm and λe,3 = 424 nm by 1.33–3.14 times, and λe,3 = 424 nm—decreases by 1.1 times. Statistical moments μ3 and μ4, asymmetry and kurtosis change only with short‐wave excitation. When analyzing the decomposition of the frequency spectrum into Gaussian curves, the most informative ratio is the ratio of right‐handed and left‐handed Gaussians under excitation λe,2 = 362 nm and λe,3 = 424 nm. The ratios of their maxima change during infection by 1.36–3.2 times, and for excitation by radiation λe,2, the frequency boundaries of Gaussians change. The results of measurements and calculations provide a basis for the development of a method and device for photoluminescence diagnostics of fusarium seeds in UV–Vis ranges.
Transcription factor MdLSD1 negatively regulates α‐farnesene biosynthesis in apple‐fruit skin tissue
Authors: Du B. , Ma X. , Liu H. , Dong K. , Liu H. , Zhang Y. 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT

α‐Farnesene is a sesquiterpene present in plants. It was first discovered in apples. It plays an important role in the plant defence response and is considered a key factor in the occurrence of superficial scald. The gene encoding α‐farnesene synthase, which is the last key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of α‐farnesene in apple fruit, has become the primary target enzyme for controlling the genetic manipulation of α‐farnesene biosynthesis.

In this study, the yeast one‐hybrid assay and the dual luciferase assay were used to ascertain the relationship between MdLSD1 and MdAFS. Real‐time PCR was used to analyse the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of MdAFS by MdLSD1.

Our results revealed that transcription factor MdLSD1, which is closely related to programmed cell death in apple fruit tissues, binds to MdAFS. Transient transformation of apple skin with vectors overexpressing MdLSD1 showed that the gene negatively regulates MdAFS.

Overall, we suggest that MdLSD1 negatively regulates MdAFS. Our results are of great significance for future research on the transcriptional regulation of the α‐farnesene synthase gene and provide a new direction for exploring the specific mechanism of programmed cell death involved in superficial‐scald incidence.
Bayesian dynamic learning and pricing with strategic customers
Authors: Chen Xi , Gao Jianjun , Ge Dongdong , Wang Zizhuo 
Published: May 2022

We consider a seller who repeatedly sells a nondurable product to a single customer whose valuations of the product are drawn from a certain distribution. The seller, who initially does not know the valuation distribution, may use the customer's purchase history to learn and wishes to choose a pricing policy that maximizes her long‐run revenue. Such a problem is at the core of personalized revenue management where the seller can access each customer's individual purchase history and offer personalized prices. In this paper, we study such a learning problem when the customer is aware of the seller's policy and thus may behave strategically when making a purchase decision. By using a Bayesian setting with a binary prior, we first show that a popular policy in this setting—the myopic Bayesian policy (MBP)—may lead to incomplete learning of the seller, namely, the seller may never be able to ascertain the true type of the customer and the regret may grow linearly over time. The failure of the MBP is due to the strategic action taken by the customer. To address the strategic behavior of the customers, we first analyze a Stackelberg game under a two‐period model. We derive the optimal policy of the seller in the two‐period model and show that the regret can be significantly reduced by using the optimal policy rather than the myopic policy. However, such a game is hard to analyze in general. Nevertheless, based on the idea used in the two‐period model, we propose a randomized Bayesian policy (RBP), which updates the posterior belief of the customer in each period with a certain probability, as well as a deterministic Bayesian policy (DBP), in which the seller updates the posterior belief periodically and always defers her update to the next cycle. For both the RBP and DBP, we show that the seller can learn the customer type exponentially fast even if the customer is strategic, and the regret is bounded by a constant. We also propose policies that achieve asymptotically optimal regrets when only a finite number of price changes are allowed.
Genetic manipulation of bermudagrass photosynthetic biosynthesis using Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation
Authors: Xu Xiao , Liu Wenwen , Liu Xiaoyan , Cao Yingping , Li Xiaoning , Wang Guangyang , Fu Chunxiang , Fu Jinmin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBermudagrass is one of the most extensively used warm‐season grasses. It is widely used in landscaping, stadium construction and soil remediation due to its excellent regeneration, trampling and stress tolerances. However, studies on its regulatory mechanism and variety improvement by genetic engineering are still at a standstill, owing to its genetic variability and intrinsic limits linked with some resistance to Agrobacterium infection. In this study, we established a higher efficient Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation via screening for vital embryogenic callus and improving infection efficiency. The superior callus was light yellow, hard granular and compact, determined with a differentiation rate of more than 95%. The optimized infestation courses by gentle shaking, vacuuming and sonicating were used. The infested calluses were co‐cultured for 3 days, followed by desiccation treatments for 1 day to get higher infection efficiency. Then the CdHEMA1 gene, essential for chlorophyll biosynthesis, was cloned and transferred into bermudagrass to validate the aforementioned optimization procedures integrally. Molecular‐level analyses indicated that the CdHEMA1 gene had successfully integrated and was greatly increased in transgenic seedlings. Results of the photosynthetic capacity assessment showed that CdHEMA1 overexpression may considerably enhance the contents of photosynthetic pigments, OJIP curve and reaction center density (RC/CSo) to absorb (ABS/CSo, ABS/CSM) and capture (TRo/CSo) more light energy, hence improve the performance indices PIABS and PICS compared to the wild type. The successful completion of this project would provide a solid platform for further gene function study and molecular breeding of bermudagrass.
Commentaries from ancient mesopotamia: Texts, genres, and hermeneutics
Authors: Gabbay Uri 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAkkadian commentaries from ancient Mesopotamia, written on cuneiform tablets dating to the first millennium BCE, deal with various texts and exhibit a variety of hermeneutical techniques and concerns. These commentaries are connected to the process of canonization, and also provide a glimpse into the scholarly environment in which they were produced.
The Multilingual Minister: Languages and Code‐Switching in the Life‐Writing of Scottish Highland Scholar and Traveller, Rev. James Fraser (1634–1709)
Authors: Worthington David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article widens the focus of the debate around multilingualism in early modern Europe. Using the life‐writing of a scholar, traveller and Protestant minister from the Scottish Highlands, Rev. James Fraser (1634–1709), it provides a North Sea perspective on the theme. The article sheds light on how Fraser and his locale (the ‘firthlands’ of northern mainland Scotland) produced a dynamic scholarly contribution in local, regional, national and transnational terms, one that was defined by a culture of code‐switching and polyglossia. Employing, in particular, his history of the Fraser family to 1674 and his three‐volume memoir of his travels in Europe, it finds a common thread in Fraser's life in its multilingual nature. Focusing first on the spoken word, and, subsequently, on reading and writing, the article shows how Fraser's evidence from the seventeenth‐century Scottish Highlands provides a vital insight into how the English language rose in the region and across the Atlantic archipelago, and, conversely, how early modern northern Europeans, speakers of minority languages, in particular, experienced and sustained multilingual cultures.
How do racial stereotypes affect social preferences? An experimental investigation
Authors: Cristiane Santos Póvoa Angela , Margareth Assaka, Andressa , Pech Wesley 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe analyzed how racial stereotypes in Brazil affect monetary allocations in bargaining and distribution settings.MethodsWe conducted an ultimatum game (UG) and a dictator game (DG) in which first movers received information about the race of their counterparts before making allocation decisions. We also implemented a postexperiment questionnaire that asked subjects about the beliefs and motivations that helped them make the decisions.ResultsAfro‐Brazilians received significantly larger transfers/offers in both games than white Brazilians. The postexperiment survey indicated that the main reason for the increase in pro‐social behavior was the belief that Afro‐Brazilians have, on average, lower levels of income and are more in need of a generous offer/transfer.ConclusionAfro‐Brazilians were perceived by first movers as “people in need of care,” which in turn drove subjects not only to transfer more to them in the DG but also caused first movers to make more generous offers in the UG. The study contributes to the social preferences literature by highlighting how stereotypes about a particular race influence people's decisions in dividing a resource.