bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irrigation Network Requirements for Watering Urban Green Space in Semiarid Region
Authors: Guedaouria Hadja , Daoudi Mebarka , Benmoussa Youcef , Maazouzi Abdelhak 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The presence of green spaces in cities is a vital thing as it contributes to raising the quality of urban life, increasing environmental diversity, improving the social aspect of the individual and society, increasing economic income and adding an aesthetic aspect to cities. In this work, a powerful design steps of drip and sprinkler irrigation networks is presented to watering an area about 300m^2of green space at semiarid region in Algeria. The first step consists of the hydraulic sizing of drip irrigation system for different dripper flow (from 4 l/h to 23 l/h), the next step concerned the sprinkler irrigation using two models of sprinkler the first one is IPN-5-F characterized by radius 1.5m, flow 0.09 m^3/h and arc 360° and the second one is IPN-12H characterized by radius 3m. The dripper with flow 15l/h and the sprinkler 12’ are the suitable in terms of the irrigation hours and the energy requirement to run the solar pump. The values of irrigation frequency in drip and sprinkler irrigation are closed from 1 for drip to two days for sprinkler, in other hand the flow rate in drip irrigation network is negligent comparing with sprinkler irrigation network. In these conditions, it is useful to install only one pump with the greater debit for the two networks of irrigation using pressure reducer in manifold pipes of drip irrigation network.
Research on Leaf Decomposition Rate in Tamagawa River Basin
Authors: Kong D 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The decomposition of litter is an important function in the regulating service of the river ecosystem. The decomposition of litter can not only provide energy and material for the ecosystem, but also evaluate the health of the ecosystem. Fallen leaves are the most common litter in the riparian zone. There are three main stages in the decomposition of leaves in rivers. In these three stages, there are many factors that affect the rate of decomposition of leaves. These factors are divided into three categories: the difference in the physical and chemical properties of the litter itself, the difference between the biological and non-biological characteristics in the river, and the feeding activity of the shredder. However, the previous scholars’ studies on leaf decomposition mostly focused on soil ecosystems, and there were few studies on leaf decomposition in aquatic ecosystems. And no one has studied the relationship between blade surface hardness and thickness and blade decomposition rate. In addition, previous studies were conducted at fixed locations in the river, and very few studies have been conducted on different areas of the same river. In this study, three sites in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the tamagawa river were selected for leaf decomposition experiments. And use the newly designed penetrometer and micrometer to measure the surface hardness and thickness of the leaves. After 25 days of decomposition experiments, the final results showed that the lower the hardness and thickness of the leaves, the higher the decomposition rate. But when the blade hardness and thickness are similar, the characteristics of the blade surface will also affect the decomposition speed of the blade. An `d human activities will affect the function of leaf decomposition in the river ecosystem.
Performance Investigation of Wire EDM Process Parameters
Authors: Mohamedosman Elyass Waddah , Sharma Vishal , Kantak Ganesh , Mukhtar Alam Mohd 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt is exceptionally difficult to create confusing geometry in such a material using traditional machining measurement. At present, companies use a non-regular machining strategy which uses energies like electricity, chemical, sound, light, etc. which are useful for machining hard materials. WEDM machines are used to cut complex and simple patterns and have the potential to achieve the maximum production capacity since the last few decades. This study was carried out in two parts. The first segment was consolidated with analyses of the Taguchi method depending on the signal-to-noise ratio (S / N) and regression modelling for the S / N ratio. In the second segment, the model condition was created using the RSM methodology. L16 orthogonal array was used with four levels of parameters namely, pulse on time, pulse off time, wire feed rate and peak current to find the effects on optimal response variables namely, cutting time, cutting rate, overcut and dimensional deviations. The results of the regression analysis showed that there was significant effect of pulse on/off and peak current on the cutting time and for cutting rate there was also significant effect of wire feed rated. Therefore, it can be concluded that all the four process parameters can affect the response variables.
The combined implementation of Green, Lean and Six Sigma approaches for achieving environmental sustainability – A Review
Authors: Ahmad Arsalan , Ali Khan Abid 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Sectors like manufacturing, automotive, transport and logistics, etc. have greatly contributed to resource depletion all around the world. The large consumption of resources results in the rise of many greenhouse gases, waste, and other environmental problems. Organizations are now under stress to modify the way they manage their procedures and operations in response to various government environmental restrictions and the rising customer demand for ecologically friendly services and commodities. Management system approaches like green, lean and six sigma can help in achieving sustainability goals. However, no single approach is effective in achieving all sustainability goals as there are inherent limitations of these approaches. This has led people in both industry and academia to focus on the combined application of these approaches. In this paper, various research articles and case studies focusing on the combined implementation of Green, Lean, and Six Sigma methodologies for environmental sustainability across various industries is systematically summarized and reviewed. Another aim of the article is to find which combination of these approaches is best for achieving sustainability.
Optimization of Surface Roughness and Material Removal Rate in Turning of AISI D3 Steel with Coated Carbide Inserts
Authors: Prakash Anand Surya , Kumar Saraf Amit 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to optimize the metal removal rate and surface roughness through turning on AISI D3 Steel with coated carbide inserts. As per the current market scenario, for the metal cutting industries the most important challenge in the turning process is to satisfy both requirements quality as well as high productivity in less time in order to remain competitive. Among all the different cutting processes, the turning process is one of the most applied and fundamental metal removal operations in the real manufacturing environment. This work examines the impact of machining factors like speed, depth of cut & feed on roughness and MRR of AISI D3 steel which have a hardness value of 60 HRC with coated carbide inserts. At high speed and feed rate optimum MRR was achieved and opposite to that at low feed and depth of cut optimum surface roughness was obtained. Taguchi L9 (3)3 OA has been applied for experimental design. ANOVA analysis is performed just after DOE to identify the significant factor which influences MRR and surface roughness. Among the three machining factors, depth of cut and speed has more influencing effect on roughness and the feed influences MRR. Effort was made to find optimum solution to minimize the roughness and maximize the MRR by Taguchi and ANOVA technique.
Performance evaluation of hybrid desiccant air conditioning system regenerated by waste heat from air cooled condenser: Experimental Investigation
Authors: Hussain Taliv 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Heating ventilation and air conditioning units reject a large quantity of heat to the surroundings as waste. Thus proper reclamation of this unused heat could also enhance the COP of such arrangements and their lesser adverse effect on the environment. Therefore hybrid desiccant air conditioning unit using unused heat from condenser for regeneration can be more effective than the conventional air conditioning unit under hot and humid climatic conditions. In this paper, various performance parameters of hybrid desiccant air conditioning unit using unused heat from condenser is determined at different process air inlet temperatures (28, 29.5, 31, 32.5, 34, 35.5 and 37°C) and different process air inlet velocities, i.e. (1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 m/s) and at fix (2.5 m/s) air velocity at regeneration inlet. Refrigerating effect, heat rejection rate, VCOP, ECOP, dehumidification effectiveness, moisture removal capacity and DCOP decreases with increment in different air temperatures at process inlet. While compressor work, regeneration effectiveness and regeneration rate increases with increment in different air temperatures at process inlet. On the other hand, refrigerating effect, heat rejection rate, VCOP, ECOP, dehumidification effectiveness, regeneration effectiveness, and regeneration rate decrease with increased air velocities at process inlet. Whereas compressor work, moisture removal capacity and DCOP increases with an increase in air velocities at the process inlet. Thus, optimization of these performance parameters is determined to achieve the maximum efficiency of the hybrid desiccant air conditioning system under the above operating states.
Dehumidification Analysis of Rotary Solid Desiccant Wheel System for different Surface Materials
Authors: Hussain Taliv , Ahmad Ashad , Hidayat Nabeel , Ahamad Danish , Anwar Md Salik , Istekhar Ahmed Sadique 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In recent decades, desiccant dehumidification has been given much interest in the air conditioning industry area. Compared to the conventional vapour compression air conditioning system, desiccant dehumidification has various advantages, including separate humidity and temperature control. In this paper, the analysis of the Rotary Solid Desiccant Wheel System has been performed. Here, we have studied three diffusion coefficients: Ordinary, Knudsen and Surface diffusion coefficients for Rotary Solid Desiccant Wheel System. Also, the analysis has been performed for three different solid desiccant materials: Silica Gel, Molecular Sieve and Activated Alumina to incorporate and to study the effect of pore size on moisture transport and to examine the impact of Tortuosity factor on moisture transport phenomenon. This analysis can correctly select the best desiccant material suitable for the desiccant dehumidification industry.
Effect of Steel-Nylon Fibre as Reinforcing Material on Strength Characteristics of Concrete
Authors: Ram Ramoo , Kant Pareek Dr Ravi , Nain Kulbir , Nautiyal Akhilesh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Concrete is reinforced using different kind of admixtures in order to increase its properties and making it cost effective. Fibre is one type of reinforcement, which is a composite material made up of cement or mortar and fragmented, separate, distributed, arbitrarily located, and disconnected reasonable fibres. Concrete is broadly utilized as a part of structural designing with its high compressive strength, minimal effort and bottomless crude material. However, regular cement has a few weaknesses, for instance, low malleability, restricted flexibility, little protection from splitting, weak hardness, high fragility, and other factors limits its use.” The cement may get split because of basic and natural properties; however, a large portion of the breaks are shaped because of inherent inward smaller scale breaks as well as the material’s inherent flaws to oppose ductile powers. Such condition of the structure at the tensile end subjects to the cracks under a certain amount of load. Initially there become small splits or cracks and with due respect of time these cracks gets widened. After drying of cement, Cracks may be developed due to shrinkage. The small-scale splits frame because of drying shrinkage or different reasons for volume change if there should be an occurrence of plain concrete. Along these lines many endeavours have been made to expand the rigidity of cement by method for utilizing traditional strengthened steel bars and furthermore by applying limiting systems.
Synthesis of An Amidoximated Acrylic Copolymer Membrane (AACM) Treated with Nano Silver Particles to Study the Antibacterial Efficiency of The Membrane
Authors: Kumar Sharma Bhoopesh , Walia Megha , Chaudhary Archana , Sharma Yogesh , Thakur Shaile 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Abstract Polymers with cationic functional groups are proven to be an effective antimicrobial barrier. Particles, organic debris, and microbes can be well removed from drinking water using polymer membrane filtration. A variety of copolymers are utilized in the synthesis of such membranes. In this study, a copolymer membrane was synthesized first, and then Amidoximation was used to convert a portion of the copolymer’s nitrile groups to amidoxime groups. The membrane was treated with HA at 60-80°C in an aqueous solution to obtain an Amidoximated film. After being treated with Nano Silver particles, the efficiency of the prefabricated and particularly produced copolymer film as an antibacterial water disinfectant was analyzed. Various techniques were used to analyse the virgin and Amidoximated Acrylic Copolymer Membranes (AACM), including X-ray diffraction (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, and Thermogravimetric analysis, Many substantial changes in the copolymer characteristics, including functionality, crystallinity, thermal activity, hydrophilicity, elemental composition, surface morphology, and antibacterial activity, were identified during the Amidoximation phase. It was revealed that an Amidoximated copolymer membrane outperforms an untreated membrane in terms of antibacterial activity.
Development of bone cell microarrays in microfluidic chips for studying osteocyte-osteoblast communication under fluid flow mechanical loading
Authors: Yvanoff Charlotte , Willaert Ronnie Guy 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Bone tissue remodels throughout life in response to mechanical loads. Impaired activities of bone cells (osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts) result in a disruption of the bone remodelling cycle, which eventually leads to bone disorders such as osteoporosis. To develop efficient therapeutic strategies against bone disorders, new tools are needed to unravel the bone remodelling cycle at the molecular level. Here, we developed a microfluidic platform, which should allow understanding the bone remodelling cycle in much more detail and ultimately be used to discover new therapeutic compounds. We focused specifically on studying cell-cell communication between osteocytes and osteoblasts cells via connexin 43-gap junctions. Therefore, a new cell printing method was developed to create living cellular bone cell arrays in a microfluidic channel. Several cell printing designs where osteocytes and osteoblasts heterotypically interacted at localized interfaces were evaluated. Physical contacts between the bone cells were characterised at high resolution by correlative atomic force microscopy (AFM) - fluorescence microscopy. We demonstrated that the platform is compatible with single-cell mechanostimulation by AFM nanoindentation and subsequent fluorescent analysis of the mechanoresponse. As a proof of concept, we showed the functionality of the platform by analysing the induced in vivo-like Ca++ wave in the printed osteocyte-osteoblast network upon mechanical stimulation by fluid flow shear stress.
Near-deterministic weak-value metrology via collective non-linearity
Authors: Vetrivelan Muthumanimaran , Vinjanampathy Sai 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Weak-value amplification employs postselection to enhance the measurement of small parameters of interest. The amplification comes at the expense of reduced success probability, hindering the utility of this technique as a tool for practical metrology. Following other quantum technologies that display a quantum advantage, we formalize a quantum advantage in the success probability and present a scheme based on non-linear collective Hamiltonians that shows a super-extensive growth in success probability while simultaneously displaying an extensive growth in the weak value. We propose an experimental implementation of our scheme.
Experimental investigation of Bayesian bounds in multiparameter estimation
Authors: D’Aurelio Simone Evaldo , Valeri Mauro , Polino Emanuele , Cimini Valeria , Gianani Ilaria , Barbieri Marco , Corrielli Giacomo , Crespi Andrea , Osellame Roberto , Sciarrino Fabio , Spagnolo Nicolò 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Quantum parameter estimation offers solid conceptual grounds for the design of sensors enjoying quantum advantage. This is realised not only by means of hardware supporting and exploiting quantum properties, but data analysis has its impact and relevance, too. In this respect, Bayesian methods have emerged as an effective and elegant solution, with the perk of incorporating naturally the availability of a priori information. In this article we present an evaluation of Bayesian methods for multiple phase estimation, assessed based on bounds that work beyond the usual limit of large samples assumed in parameter estimation. Importantly, such methods are applied to experimental data generated from the output statistics of a three-arm interferometer seeded by single photons. Our studies provide a blueprint for a more comprehensive data analysis in quantum metrology.
Hydromechanics-based flow velocity estimation using single ERT sensor
Authors: Gao Jiajun , Yue Shihong , Rong Xila , Wang Huaxiang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Multi-phase flow detection is an important task in flow velocity estimation. Owing to its fast response, no radiation, and low cost, the electrical resistance tomography (ERT) technique with a pair of sensors is typically used to estimate the flow velocity based on the cross-correlation (CC) measurement principle. However, due to the unreasonable a priori assumption, uncertain parameter, and limitation of ERT, this remains inaccurate and unsteady under complex and multi-flow conditions. We propose a novel flow velocity computation method that uses a single ERT sensor instead of a pair. Different from existing methods that are based on the CC principle, both the Churchill and Bernoulli equations in hydromechanics are used to compute flow velocity, based on which an inherent relation among the flow velocity, pressure difference, and density value in a detected pipeline is derived. Since the pressure difference and density value can be accurately computed from measurements from a single ERT sensor, the estimated flow velocity can greatly overcome the limitations when a pair of ERT sensors is employed. The proposed method is validated via a set of experiments, showing that it is more accurate and steadier than existing methods.
Use of electronic viscous drive to optimize fan duty cycle
Authors: Ramdas Dhiraj , Dey Tapobrata 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Electronic Viscous Fan Drive Clutch is one of the key components of cooling system in automotive sectors. It is more efficient than the current traditional bimetal operated Mechanical Viscous Fan Drive Clutch in terms of fan power consumption. The comparative change in fan power with both fan drives is studied and it is observed that with electronic fan clutch 86% reduction in fan power is achieved. In the current study an attempt is made to demonstrate the improvement in the cooling system in terms of ambient temperature of air and the coolant temperature. This is achieved through the complete driving cycles by maintaining unvarying temperature. Standard rise over ambient vehicle test with support of Vector CANape is utilized for testing and data recording. With use of electronic viscous fan drive there is direct proportional relation between coolant temperature and fan rpm. It also indicates that the system level temperatures are optimized to achieve higher efficiency in terms of thermal and fuel economy.
Optimization of Hybridization Strategy for Improving the Efficiency of Thermoelectric Generator to Recover Automobile Exhaust Waste Heat
Authors: Tripathi Abhishek , Dhar Atul , Pandey Sudhir Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the existing efficiency formulations of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) and compares them with overall efficiency formulation (ηoverall). As TEG efficiency is the key factor in TEG performance, ηoverall formulation is validated and compared to the maximum efficiency (ηmax) formulation with consideration of temperature independent figure of merit (ZT). We have found that the (ηmax - ηoverall) is minimum (1.5%) at low temperature difference (100 K) and it increases (up to 12.67%) when temperature difference increases (up to 800 K). ηoverall is close to ηmax at low temperature difference but when temperature difference increases, ηoverall shows the overestimation of the efficiency results. Compatibility factor is the crucial factor for effective hybridization and segmentation of thermoelectric materials. Thermoelectric materials of Half-heusler alloys of Hf0.75Zr0.25Ni0.9Pd0.1Sn0.975Sb0.025 and FeV1.2−xTixSb (x = 0.4) are considered for the p-n couple and TEG module design. The exhaust thermoelectric generator (ETEG) system consisting of 56 TEG modules is proposed to recover the automobile exhaust waste heat. Output power of 51.52 W is obtained from the ETEG system at a temperature difference of 458 K. At a temperature difference of 800 K (when cold end temperature is fixed at 315 K and hot end temperature vary up to 1115 K), the ETEG system can achieve 75.8 W of power. This ETEG system also provides an additional advantage in the life increment of the muffler due to a reduction in peak temperature. The overall efficiency of the proposed ETEG system is found to be 7.81 %.
Lymphohistiocytic Myocarditis Possibly Due to Moderna mRNA-1273 Vaccine
Authors: Chow Brandon T , Lai Chi K 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Despite the clear benefits of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in mitigating the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, there are emerging reports of postvaccination myocarditis, the majority of which are diagnosed based on the clinical and radiologic findings without biopsy confirmation. We report a case of biopsy-confirmed lymphohistiocytic myocarditis after Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccination.

Methods
We describe a case of a previously healthy 45-year-old woman who had palpitations, exercise intolerance, and syncope 1 week after her first mRNA-1273 vaccine dose. Laboratory tests and cardiac imaging were compatible with myocarditis. Given her unusual clinical presentation, an endomyocardial biopsy was performed to exclude other potential etiologies.

Results
The endomyocardial biopsy specimen showed patchy endocardial and intramyocardial lymphohistiocytic infiltrates with scattered eosinophils and focal myocyte injury. CD3 and CD68 immunostains confirmed the lymphocytic and histiocytic nature of the infiltrate, respectively. A focal histiocytic collection suggestive of an ill-defined granuloma was present. The histologic and immunohistochemical findings of a lymphohistiocytic myocarditis were highly suggestive of a postvaccination hypersensitivity reaction.

Conclusions
Myocarditis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is a rare adverse event. The findings of a lymphohistiocytic myocarditis with scattered eosinophils and a possible ill-defined granuloma are highly suggestive of a hypersensitivity reaction. The mechanism by which this inflammation occurs remains uncertain. Despite our findings, the benefits of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination far outweigh the risks.