bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A telephone problem-solving intervention for Spanish-speaking caregivers of veterans post-stroke: an 8-session investigator-blinded, two-arm parallel (intervention vs usual care), randomized clinical trial
Authors: Freytes I. Magaly , Schmitzberger Magda K. , Rivera-Rivera Naiomi , Lopez Janet , Motta-Valencia Keryl , Wu Samuel S. , Orozco Tatiana , Hale-Gallardo Jennifer , Eliazar-Macke Nathaniel , LeLaurin Jennifer , Uphold Constance R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and the main cause of long-term disability in the United States. The significant risk factors of stroke among Hispanics are well-documented. The majority of stroke survivors return home following a stroke and are cared for by family caregivers. Due to the abrupt nature of strokes, caregivers experience unexpected changes and demands that oftentimes lead to caregiver burden and depression. Given the significant risk factors for stroke in Hispanics and the influence of culture in family norms and family management, we developed a telephone and online problem-solving intervention for Spanish-speaking stroke caregivers. This study tests the impact of a telephone and online problem-solving intervention for Spanish-speaking stroke caregivers on caregiver outcomes.
Methods: The design is a two-arm parallel randomized clinical trial with repeated measures. We will enroll 290 caregivers from 3 Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers. Participants randomized into the intervention arm receive a problem-solving intervention that uses telephone and online education and care management tools on the previously developed and nationally available RESCUE en Español Caregiver website. In the usual care group, participants receive the information and/or support caregivers of veterans with stroke normally receive through existing VA resources (e.g., stroke-related information and support). The primary outcome is change in caregiver’s depressive symptoms at 1- and 12-weeks post-intervention. Secondary outcomes include changes in stroke caregivers’ burden, self-efficacy, problem-solving, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and veterans’ functional abilities. We will also determine the budgetary impact, the acceptability of the intervention and participation barriers and facilitators for Spanish-speaking stroke caregivers.
Discussion: This is an ongoing study. It is the first known randomized controlled trial testing the effect of a telephone and online problem-solving intervention in Spanish for caregivers of veterans post-stroke. If successful, findings will support an evidence-based model that can be transported into clinical practice to improve the quality of caregiving post-stroke.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03142841— Spanish Intervention for Caregivers of Veterans with Stroke (RESCUE Español). Registered on February 23, 2018.
Protocol version 8. 08.11.2022
Lipid metabolism disorder in cerebrospinal fluid related to Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Mo Mingshu , Qiu Jiewen , Tang Yuting , Wei Lijian , Peng Guoyou , Lin Yuwan , Dai Wei , Zhang Zhiling , Chen Xiang , Liu Hanqun , Ding Liuyan , Guo Wenyuan , Xu Pingyi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Abnormal accumulation of lipids is found in dopamine neurons and resident microglia in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The accumulation of lipids is an important risk factor for PD. Previous studies havemainly focused on lipid metabolism in peripheral blood, but little attention has been givento cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Objective:
We drew the lipidomic signature in CSF from PD patients and evaluated the role of lipids in CSF as biomarkers for PD diagnosis.
Methods:
Based on lipidomic approaches, we investigated and compared lipid metabolism in CSF from PD patients and healthy controls without dyslipidaemia in peripheral blood and explored the relationship of lipids between CSF and serum by Pearson correlation analysis.
Results:
A total of 231 lipid species were detected and classified into 13 families in the CSF. The lipid families, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelinase (SM) and cholesterol ester (CE), had significantly increased expressioncompared withthecontrol. Hierarchical clustering was performed to distinguish PD patients based on the significantly changed expression of 37 lipid species. Unsupervisedand supervised methods were used to refine this classification. A total of 12 lipid species, including 3-hydroxy-dodecanoyl-carnitine, PC (O-18:3/20:3), PC (O-20:2/24:3), PC (14:0/18:2), PC (O-18:3/20:2), Cer (d18:1/24:1), CE (22:6), CE (20:4), SM (d18:1/20:1), SM (d18:2/14:0), SM (d18:0/16:0) and SM (d18:2/24:1), were selected to draw the lipidomic signature of PD. Correlation analysis was performed and showed that the CE family and CE (22:6) in CSF had a positive association with TC in the peripheral blood from PD patientsbut not from healthy controls.
Conclusions
Our results revealed that thelipidomic signature in CSF may be considered a potential biomarker for PD diagnosis, and increased CE, PC and SM in CSF may reveal pathological changes,such as blood‒brainbarrier leakage,in the brainsof PD patients.
Usefulness of hepatobiliary scintigraphy for predicting late complications in patients with choledochal cysts
Authors: Kawaguchi Yunosuke , Terui Keita , Komatsu Shugo , Nakata Mitsuyuki , Shibata Ryohei , Yoshizawa Hiroko , Hirokawa Tomoya , Nakatani Erika , Hishiki Tomoro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose:
Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a minimally invasive imaging method that evaluates bile flow dynamics. At our hospital, it has been performed for postoperative evaluation of patients with choledochal cysts (CC). This study evaluated the usefulness of biliary scintigraphy for predicting late complications in patients with CCs.
Methods:
The study included pediatric patients with CC who underwent surgery at Chiba University Hospital from 1978 to 2020, followed by postoperative biliary scintigraphy and subsequent radiologic evaluation. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of “biliary cholestasis” on biliary scintigraphy.
Results:
The study included 108 patients, with a median age at surgery of 2 years and 11 months. The median follow-up period was 5,203 days, with 11 hepatolithiasis cases and 8 cholangitis cases. No patients had cholangiocarcinoma. Twelve patients were considered to have "cholestasis" following biliary scintigraphy evaluation. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of hepatolithiasis between the cholestasis and non-cholestasis groups (p = 0.47), but cholangitis was significantly more common in the cholestasis group (p = 0.016).
Conclusion:
Biliary cholestasis on postoperative hepatobiliary scintigraphy was a risk factor for cholangitis in patients with CCs. These particular patients should be monitored carefully.
Reasons for implementation success despite health system constraints: qualitative insights on 'what worked' for cotrimoxazole preventive therapy
Authors: Müller Pia , Mabasso Edna , Lapão Luís Velez , Sidat Mohsin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background: Although Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) has shown to be highly efficacious in reducing mortality among people living with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) under 'ideal world' study conditions, operational challenges are limiting its effectiveness when implementing in countries most affected by the epidemic. The fact that Mozambican authorities reported high coverage of CPT among patients with HIV, has led to this qualitative case study aimed at exploring possible factors responsible for the successful implementation of CPT in the Province of Maputo.
Methods: Between February and April 2019, we individually interviewed nine governmental stakeholders, including the person responsible for HIV, TB and Pharmaceutical management at three administrative levels (central, provincial and district level). Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically using MAXQDA Analytics Pro. Findings were translated from Portuguese into English.
Results: Five themes iteratively emerged: (a) Role of governance & leadership, (b) Pharmaceutical strategies, (c) Service delivery modifications, (d) Health care provider factors, and (e) Patients' perspectives. Interviews revealed that continuous supply of cotrimoxazole (CTZ) had been facilitated through multiple-source procurement and a push-pull strategy. One part of CTZ arrived in kits that were imported from overseas and distributed to public health facilities based on their number of outpatient consultations (push strategy). Another part of CTZ was locally produced and distributed as per health facility demand (pull strategy). Strong district level accountability seemed to also have facilitated the public availability of CTZ. Interviewees praised models of differentiated care, the integrated HIV service delivery and drug delivery strategies for reducing long queues at the health facility, better accommodating patients' needs and reducing their financial and organisational burden.
Conclusions: This study presents aspects that governmental experts believed to be key for the implementation of CPT in the Province of Maputo, Mozambique. Enhancing the implementation outcomes – drug availability and feasibility of the health facility based service delivery – seemed crucial for the implementation progress. Reasons for the remarkable patient acceptability of CPT in our study setting should be further investigated.
A combination of power analysis and machine learning approaches to improve individual prediction of population pharmacokinetic modeling
Authors: li dingpeng , chen xiuyang , liang lihua , wang tianyu , li mingyue , wang yiyu , han shuyu , xiang rongwu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to explore whether combining the power analysis of covariates and the machine learning (ML) analysis of correlated covariates can improve the model’s predictive performance.
Methods Two drugs were selected to explore the methodology of population pharmacokinetics. The parameter-covariate relationships were estimated by the SCM and COSSAC methods. The different covariates for each parameter selected by the SCM and COSSAC methods implement the power analysis. And then the highly correlated covariates were analyzed to select a significant covariate by the ML method. The performance of the calibrated model developed by the above process was compared with the performance of two other predictive models: the SCM model and the COSSAC model. Relative error was used to evaluate the different models. The non-compartment analysis (NCA) was used to calculate individual reference AUC. The AUC obtained by population pharmacokinetic models was compared with the reference AUC to evaluate these models’ predictive performance.
Result The performance of the calibrated model is similar to the SCM and COSSAC models known from the relative error, the R2of all models is more than 97%. However, the performance predicting the AUC of the calibrated model is better than the SCM and COSSAC models.
Conclusion The power analysis can reduce the redundancy of covariate information, and the ML method can provide a criterion to select a covariate from these highly correlated covariates. There combining the two methods may be beneficial for improving individual prediction.
Machine learning approaches demonstrate that protein structures carry information about their genetic coding
Authors: Ackerman-Schraier Linor , Rosenberg Aviv A. , Marx Ailie , Bronstein Alex M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Synonymous codons translate into the same amino acid. Although the identity of synonymous codons is often considered inconsequential to the final protein structure there is mounting evidence for an association between the two. Our study examined this association using regression and classification models, finding that codon sequences predict protein backbone dihedral angles with a lower error than amino acid sequences, and that models trained with true dihedral angles have better classification of synonymous codons given structural information than models trained with random dihedral angles. Using this classification approach, we investigated local codon-codon dependencies and tested whether synonymous codon identity can be predicted more accurately from codon context than amino acid context alone, and most specifically which codon context position carries the most predictive power.
Nano-satellites uphold Boserup’s theory of smallholder agricultural intensification
Authors: Tong Xiaoye , Brandt Martin , Rasmussen Laura Vang , Hiernaux Pierre , Bruun Thilde Bech , Reiner Florian , Abdi Abdulhakim M. , Herrmann Stefanie M. , Li Sizhuo , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Transitioning from the expansion of croplands to sustainable agricultural intensification is key to ensuring food and nutrition security. This is particularly the case for small-scale subsistence farmers in drylands, where our current understanding on the sustainability of this transition is however mostly derived from theories based on local observations. Here we demonstrate that a new generation of satellite data and computer science technology can be used to set a new baseline to understand the interplay between population pressure and agricultural intensification. By characterizing cropping systems across the African Sahel, we evidence that agroforestry areas of high land use intensity are associated with both high rural population density and crop growth rate, upholding Boserup’s theory of agricultural intensification. Our approach provides the foundation for sustainable agricultural intensification in drylands and represents a pathway towards the integration of multidimensional cropland maps into context-specific policymaking for low- and middle- income countries.
Incidence and risk factors for necessitating shunting following medulloblastoma surgery in Children: a monocenter, retrospective, observational cohort study
Authors: Zhang Zaiyu , Wu Yuxin , Zhai Xuan , Liang Ping 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose: There have been insufficient data for pediatric patients with medulloblastoma who necessitate shunting following resection. This study aims to determine which characters are associated with the incidence in this patient subset.
Methods: We surveyed this monocenter, retrospective, observational cohort of patients (aged 18 years or younger) who underwent medulloblastoma resection at our department between July 1, 2010, to August 1, 2021. The primary outcome was the incidence of necessitating permanent shunt censored after medulloblastoma surgery. Subject demographic, tumor biology, and interventions were analyzed using univariate and multivariable adjusted models.
Results: 183 patients were admitted to our department. Of these, 131 (71·6%) patients participated. The incidence of necessitating permanent shunt was 25.6% (95% CI: 18.7-34.3). Factors that were independently associated with the incidence were medulloblastoma volume > 46381.5mm3 (OR: 2.919, 95% CI: 1.191-7.156) and ventricular infiltration (OR: 2.849, 95% CI: 1.142-7.102). Manifestations duration could be a covariate of tumor volume and increased risk of shunt need (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.000-1.013). Besides, tumor volume was a probable predictor in patients with subtotal resection (OR: 4.900, 95% CI: 0.992-24.208, P=0.051). Lastly, there was no significant difference between the distribution of molecular subgroups for necessitating permanent shunt patients.
Conclusion: Increased incidence was associated with medulloblastoma invasion. Our study implies that the presence of postresection hydrocephalus in patients with medulloblastoma was not high enough to entail a prophylactic permanent shunt in all patients.
Using a speed-gated spatiotemporal graph convolution network to forecast traffic flow
Authors: Shen Z. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The majority of the traffic flow prediction models in use today only use data related to actual traffic flow, however there is also a link between actual traffic speed and traffic flow data. In order to handle the traffic flow prediction problem from the perspectives of both traffic flow and traffic speed, a speed-gated spatio-temporal graph convolution network (SGSTGCN)-based traffic flow prediction model is presented. SGSTGCN employs gated expansion convolution and graph convolution, respectively, to model the temporal and spatial correlation of traffic data. The model is then used to predict traffic flow accurately by fusing the traffic speed features into the traffic flow features through the use of the gating mechanism. The SGSTGCN model has a greater prediction accuracy than other spatio-temporal graph network prediction models DCRNN, STGCN, according to experiments on real highway traffic flow datasets.
Computer Aided Brain Tumor Diagnosis Network Employing Structure-Aware CNNs
Authors: Singh Rahul , Goel Aditya , Raghuvanshi D. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Brain tumor is one of the deadliest cancers diagnosed in humans. Accurate and early detection of brain tumors play pivotal role in analysing and planning its treatment accordingly. Therefore, development of automated assisted framework for brain tumor detection and classification becomes very important. This paper presents structure aware CNN (SA-CNN) for binary brain tumor classification. The proposed SA-CNN extracts discriminant and significant image features from brain tumor images. We develop structure aware convolution (SAC) filters by generalizing the filters in traditional convolution to capture structure information which equips the network with the capability to deal with datasets having Euclidean and non-Euclidean structures. We explore classification capabilities of other pre-trained deep convolutional neural networks, namely Alex-Net, VGG 19, Inception V1, Res-Net 34 and Dense-Net 161 for comparative analysis. The proposed network is more generalized as it does not rely on hand-crafted features maps and achieves better performance. Extensive experiments on benchmark Kaggle dataset and comparative analysis suggests that the proffered framework outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques. The proposed framework achieves accuracy of 99.54% and 98.04 % on training dataset and test dataset respectively.
TREM2 limits progression of deficits and spreading of tau pathology in mice
Authors: Feiten Astrid , Au Carol , Sabale Miheer , Hummel Annika van , Hoven Julia van der , Deng Yuanyuan , Przybyla Magdalena , Bright Fiona , Butler Troy , Delerue Fabien , Toutonji Amer , Guglietta Silvia , Wegmann Susanne , Hyman Bradley T , Krieg Carsten , Ke Yazi D , Ittner Lars 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background. Amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau form
pathogenic lesions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains. As ΑD
clinically progresses, tau pathology propagates in a very distinct
pattern between connected brain areas. The molecular mechanisms
underlying this tau pathology spread remain largely unknown.
Genome-wide association studies have identified polymorphisms in
triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2
(TREM2) as genetic risk factors for AD and regulators of
Aβ pathology-dependent tau propagation. Whether TREM2 contributes
to neuron-to-neuron spreading of pathological tau remains
unknown.
Methods. Here, we crossed Trem2-deficient
mice with P301S tau transgenic TAU58 mice and subjected the mice to
behavioural testing and assessed neuropathology. Microglial
activation states were determined using cytometry by time of flight
(CyTOF) and quantitative PCR. Tau spreading was assessed in
vivo using tracing of focal tau expression.
Results. Trem2 depletion significantly
aggravated tau-induced early-onset motor and behavioural deficits.
Neuropathologically, Trem2 reduction increased the number
of hyperphosphorylated tau lesions in young TAU58 brains and
reduced disease-associated microglia. Direct assessment of
inter-neuronal spread of tau in vivo revealed
significantly enhanced propagation of tau in the absence of
Trem2, suggesting that microglial TREM2 limits the
progression of tau pathology in disease.
Conclusion. Taken together, our data suggests that
reduced TREM2 function accelerates the onset and progression of
functional deficits and tau neuropathology in tau transgenic mice,
which might –at least in part– be due to increased tau spreading.
Therefore, reduced TREM2 function may contribute to early AD by
augmenting tau toxicity and its inter-neuronal propagation.
Baclofen-induced Encephalopathy in Patients with End-stage Kidney Disease – A Case Series
Authors: Mohan Dhanya , Kharraz Nahla , Al Jaghoub Hebah , Alsubbah Hamzeh , Alalawi Fakhriya , Alhadari Amna 
Published: September 2022

Introduction/Background:Baclofen is a centrally acting GABA B receptor agonist, widely used for the treatment of neurological diseases ranging from hiccups to multiple sclerosis. As the drug is mainly renally excreted, intoxication can rapidly develop in those patients with a reduced glomerular filtration rate. A strong index of clinical suspicion is essential to correctly diagnose the condition.Case Presentation:We report a case series of patients with advanced kidney disease and baclofen-induced encephalopathy that settled with discontinuation of the drug and hemodialysis sessions.Conclusion:We report this cluster of patients with baclofen toxicity to highlight the common occurrence of neurotoxicity after its use in patients with end-stage renal disease and its resolution after cessation of the drug and hemodialysis sessions.
TLR3 Polymorphisms in HIV-infected Individuals Naïve to ART
Authors: Singh HariOm , Samani Dharmesh 
Published: September 2022

Background:
TLR3 polymorphisms affect the risk of HIV infection and modify the disease
course. Consequently, we analyzed the association of TLR3 polymorphism (rs5743312,
rs3775296, and rs3775291) with susceptibility to HIV-1 acquisition and disease progression.

Method:
This is a cross-sectional study. Genotyping of TLR3 polymorphisms is completed by utilizing
the PCR-RFLP technique in 153 HIV naive subjects and 158 healthy controls.

Result:
A haplotype is a physical grouping of genomic variants that tend to be inherited together.
The TCC haplotype was increased in HIV-infected individuals compared with healthy controls
(0.05% versus 0.03%). TLR3 rs3775291CT genotype was associated with the early stage of HIV infection
(OR = 2.19, P = 0.04), with a higher occurrence in the advanced stage of HIV infection
when contrasted with healthy controls (41.2% versus 32.3%). TLR3 rs3775296 CA genotype was
likely to be associated with the intermediate stage of HIV infection (19.5% versus 31.6%, OR =
0.42, P = 0.06). TLR3 rs5743312TT genotype was more prevalent in the advanced stage of HIV infection
compared with healthy controls (2.9% versus 1.9%). TLR3 rs3775296CA genotype was less
prevalent in HIV subjects devouring tobacco when contrasted with non-users (9.1% versus 34.9%,
OR = 0.25, P = 0.09). TLR3 rs3775296AA and rs3775291CT and TT genotypes have been
overrepresented in HIV subjects using alcohol when contrasted with non-users (5.6% versus 1.1%,
OR = 1.83, P = 0.67; 50.0% versus 42.2%, OR = 1.84, P = 0.31; 5.6% versus 3.3%, OR = 2.70, P
= 0.50). In the multivariate examination, the rs5743312TT genotype showed a greater risk for HIV
infection (OR = 1.86, P = 0.50).

Conclusion:
TLR3 rs3775291 C/T polymorphism may assist the risk of disease progression in alcohol
consumers. TLR3 rs3775291 CT genotype may enhance the disease progression, whereas the
TLR3 rs3775296 CA genotype may protect against disease progression.