bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Obfuscation Scheme for Conjunctions
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Zhang Fangguo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recently, there has been renewed interest in conjunction obfuscations. A conjunction, which is called pattern matching with wildcards sometimes, is associated with a pattern $\mathsf{pat}\in \{0,1,*\}^n$ where * is a wildcard. It accepts if and only if the input bits are the same as the pattern at all non-wildcard positions. The conjunction obfuscation starts to get noticed because it provides the ability to protect these sensitive patterns while preserving its functionality. It is meaningful when the conjunction obfuscation is applied in the pattern matching, biological recognition, resisting SQL injection attacks and so on. In this work, we propose a new candidate of conjunction obfuscation. It not only retains the simplicity of the intuitive scheme in BKM18, but also adds wildcards to the pattern. Besides, we also propose a conjunction obfuscation with multi-bit output. The second obfuscation has the same size of the obfuscated program as the first obfuscation. Both obfuscations provide the distributional virtual black-box security.
Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Have Heterogeneous Treatment Preferences That Are Largely Determined by the Avoidance of Abdominal Pain and Side Effects [P-POWER IBD Study]
Authors: Louis Edouard , Siegel Corey A , James Barbara , Heidenreich Sebastian , Krucien Nicolas , Ghosh Subrata 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsPatient-centric management of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is important, with consensus considering patient-reported outcomes alongside clinical and endoscopic assessment by healthcare providers. However, evidence regarding patients’ treatment priorities is still limited. This study aimed to elicit benefit–risk trade-offs that patients with IBD are willing to make, to help inform discussions about patient-centric treatment targets.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional online survey of adults with self-confirmed Crohn’s disease [CD] or ulcerative colitis [UC] receiving IBD treatment. The impact of efficacy, administration and safety on treatment preferences was elicited using a discrete choice experiment. Relative attribute importance [RAI] and maximum acceptable risk of mild-to-moderate side effects [SEs] were estimated from a mixed logit model.ResultsIn total, 400 patients [CD: 54%; UC: 46%; female: 38.0%; age range: 18–78 years] were recruited. Efficacy, administration and safety affected treatment preferences to varying degrees, with abdominal pain being most important [RAI 33%] followed by risks of mild-to-moderate SEs [RAI 27%] and serious infections [RAI 16%]. To reduce abdominal pain from severe to moderate/mild, patients accepted an additional 18.8% or 30.6% risk of mild-to-moderate SEs, respectively. While average preferences between patients with CD and UC were similar, patients with CD placed greater importance on abdominal pain [p &lt; 0.05], and patients with UC on bowel urgency [p &lt; 0.05]. However, preferences varied notably.ConclusionsWhile avoiding abdominal pain, SEs and serious infections had on average the highest treatment priority, preferences varied between patients. Treatment strategies should consider the trade-offs individuals are willing to make.
Diversity and Role of Entomological Fauna Associated WithAnnona senegalensis(Magnoliales: Annonaceae) in Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Dao Zézouma Anselme , Romba Rahim , Traore Mamoudou , Birba Sibiri , Zoure Aboubacar Baba , Ouedraogo Idrissa , Ouedraogo Amadé , Gnankine Olivier 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnnona senegalensis Pers. is a shrub of tropical countries that, during the fruiting period, harbor many insects. All parts of the plant are used and exploited in traditional medicine, food, and firewood. Our study aimed at evaluating the diversity of insects associated with the different phenological stages of A. senegalensis fruits in two phytogeographic zones of Burkina Faso. Sampling was carried out on flowers, green fruits, ripe fruits, and decayed fruits of A. senegalensis. For the first time, a total of 48 insects species belonging to 6 orders and 23 families were identified. These orders were Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera. Our data indicated that the diversity of insect species varies according to the stages of development of the fruit (P = 0.017) and according to the site (P = 2.2e-16). Among these insects, Curculionidae (Endaeus spp.) predominate on flowers, are known to be pollinators, and Formicidae (Messor galla Mayr, [Hymenoptera: Formicidae], Trichomyrmex abyssinicus Forel, [Hymenoptera: Formicidae], and Crematogaster sp.) and Tettigometridae (Hilda undata Walker, [Hemiptera: Tettigometridae]) are suspected to have mutualistic relationships on green fruits. Potential pests belonging to the Scarabaeidae (Pachnoda spp., Polybaphes spp., and Xeloma Maura Boheman, [Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae]), Drosophilidae (Zaprionus indianus Gupta, [Diptera: Drosophilidae]), and Nitidulidae (Carpophilus nepos Murray, [Coleoptera: Nitidulidae]) are associated with ripe and decayed fruits. The data in this study highlight the diversity in terms of pollinators that ensure the fruit production and Formicidae known to protect A. senegalensis against potential pests. These data provide valuable information in terms of valuation of this plant.
Seasonal and Diel Communication Periods of Sympatric Pest Limonius Click Beetle Species (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Western Canada
Authors: Lemke Emily , van Herk Willem G , Singleton Kendal , Gries Gerhard 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In western North America, sympatric Limonius click beetle species produce limoniic acid [(E)-4-ethyloct-4-enoic acid] as a sex pheromone component (L. canus (LeConte), L. californicus (Mannerheim)) or respond to it as a sex attractant (L. infuscatus (Motschulsky)). We tested the hypothesis that these three congeners maintain species-specificity of sexual communication through nonoverlapping seasonal occurrence and/or contrasting diel periodicity of sexual communication. Using capture times of beetles in pheromone-baited traps as a proxy for sexual communication periods, our data show that L. canus and L. californicus have seasonally distinct communication periods. Most L. canus males (&gt;90%) were captured in April and most L. californicus males (&gt;95%) were captured in May/June/July. As almost exclusively L. infuscatus males were captured in two separate 24-hr trapping studies, with data recordings every hour, it remains inconclusive whether the three Limonius congeners communicate at different times of the day. Males of L. infuscatus responded to pheromone lures only during daytime hours and during the warmest period each day. Captures of L. infuscatus overlapping with those of L. canus in April and those of L. californicus in May/June imply the presence of reproductive isolating mechanisms other than seasonal separation of sexual communication periods.
Projected impact of treatment intensification with statin, ezetimibe, and statin plus ezetimibe fixed-dose combination on MACE across six countries
Authors: Farnier Michel , Santos Raul D , Cosin-Sales Juan , Ezhov Marat V , Liu Jian , Granados Denis , Santoni Serena , Khan Irfan , Catapano Alberico L 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Aims
The 2019 European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC/EAS) dyslipidaemia guidelines recommend achievement of low-density lipoprotein cholestrol (LDL-C) goals based on an individual’s risk. We aimed to evaluate the impact of guideline adoption with statin, ezetimibe, and statin plus ezetimibe fixed-dose combination (FDC) on LDL-C goal achievement and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) across six countries.

Methods and results
A simulation model with a five-year horizon (2020–2024) was developed based on Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease Study database with a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario representing status quo, intervention scenario-1 representing treatment with statin and ezetimibe as separate agents, and intervention scenario-2 representing treatment with statin or statin plus ezetimibe FDC. MACE was defined as the composite of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and cardiovascular death. The mean population LDL-C was reduced from 4.25 mmol/L in the BAU scenario, to 3.65 mmol/L and 3.59 mmol/L in intervention scenarios-1 and -2, respectively. Compared with BAU, intervention scenarios-1 and-2 resulted in relative reduction of MACE by 5.4% and 6.4% representing ∼3.7 and 4.4 million MACE averted, respectively, across six countries over 5 years. The absolute benefit in terms of MACE averted was highest for China, whereas France had highest relative reduction in MACE with both intervention scenarios compared with BAU.

Conclusion
The 2019 ESC/EAS guideline-based treatment intensification with strategies based on statin, ezetimibe, and statin plus ezetimibe FDC is estimated to result in a substantial population-level benefit in terms of MACE averted compared with BAU.
Prevalence of insomnia and hypnotic use in Norwegian patients visiting their general practitioner
Authors: Torsvik Sunniva , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Eliassen Knut Eirik , Forthun Ingeborg 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSleep problems are common in the general population, but there are few studies on the prevalence of sleep problems and hypnotic use among patients in general practice.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of insomnia (based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM], version 5), self-reported sleep problems and hypnotic use among patients in general practice, and explore whether the prevalence depended on patient characteristics.MethodsA cross-sectional study with questionnaire data collected by 114 final-year medical students while deployed in different general practices in Norway during 2020. A total of 1,848 consecutive and unselected patients (response rate 85.2%) visiting their general practitioners (GPs) completed a one-page questionnaire, that included the validated Bergen Insomnia Scale (BIS), questions on for how long they have had a sleep problem, hypnotic use, and background characteristics. Associations were estimated using a modified Poisson regression model.ResultsThe prevalence of chronic insomnia according to BIS was 48.3%, while 46.9% reported chronic sleep problems (sleep problems of ≥3 months) and 17.8% reported hypnotic use. Females, patients with low compared with higher education, and patients who slept shorter or longer than 7–8 h, had higher risk of chronic insomnia disorder (CID), chronic self-reported sleep problems (CSP), and hypnotic use. The oldest age group (≥65 years) had lower risk of chronic insomnia compared with the youngest (18–34) but twice the probability of hypnotic use.ConclusionsCID, CSP, and hypnotic use were prevalent among patients visiting their GP. Insomnia can be effectively treated and deserves more attention among GPs.
Sensorimotor and Frontoparietal Network Connectivity Are Associated With Subsequent Maintenance of Gait Speed and Episodic Memory in Older Adults
Authors: Hsu Chun Liang , Manor Brad , Travison Thomas , Pascual-Leone Alvaro , Lipsitz Lewis A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSlow gait is predictive of functional impairments in older adults, while concomitant slow gait and cognitive complaints are associated with a greater risk for cognitive decline and dementia. However, functional neural correlates for gait speed maintenance are unclear. As the sensorimotor network (SMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN) are integral components of these functions, this study investigated differences in SMN and FPN in older adults with/without gait speed decline over 24 months; and whether these networks were associated with the maintenance of cognitive function.MethodsWe included 42 community-dwelling older adults aged &gt;70 years from the MOBILIZE Boston Study. Resting-state fMRI was performed at the study baseline. Participant characteristics, gait speed, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) were assessed at baseline and at 24-month follow-up. Decliners were identified as individuals with &gt;0.05 meters/second decline in gait speed from baseline to 24 months. Of the 26 decliners and 16 maintainers, decliners exhibited a significant decline in delayed-recall performance on the HVLT over 24 months.ResultsControlling for baseline age and multiple comparisons, contrary to initial hypothesis, maintainers exhibited lower baseline primary motor and premotor connectivity (p = .01) within the SMN, and greater baseline ventral visual–supramarginal gyrus connectivity within the FPN (p = .02) compared to decliners. Lower primary motor–premotor connectivity was correlated with maintenance of delayed-recall performance on the HVLT (p = .04).ConclusionThese findings demonstrated a potential compensatory mechanism involved in the link between the decline in gait speed and episodic memory, whereby baseline connectivity of the SMN and FPN may underlie subsequent maintenance of gait speed and cognitive function in old age.
Feasibility of multimedia animations as preoperative guides for urgent abdominal surgeries in a public hospital in Brazil
Authors: Schnitman Gabriel , Gomes Danila , Deckelbaum Dan , Utiyama Edivaldo Massazo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Health literacy, culture and language play vital roles in patients’ understanding of health issues. Obstacles are more evident in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where inadequate patient education levels are higher and hospital resources are lower. This is a prospective pilot study assessing the feasibility of digital preoperative animations as guides for surgical patients. Patients admitted to a public hospital in Brazil for acute cholecystitis or appendicitis were included. Feasibility was represented by acceptability rate and ease of integration with department protocols. Thirty-four patients were included, and 26 patients concluded the intervention (76.5% acceptability rate). Demographic factors seemed to affect the results, indicated by higher acceptability from those with lower education levels, from younger patients and from women. Few studies have evaluated the use of multimedia resources for surgical patients, and no studies assessed the use of animations as digital patient education resources in an LMIC. This study demonstrated that the use of animations for patient education in LMICs is feasible. A step-based approach is proposed to aid the implementation of patient education digital interventions. The use of digital multimedia animations as preoperative guides in LMICs is feasible. It may help improve patient education and promote clinical benefits.
TVIR: a comprehensive vegetable information resource database for comparative and functional genomic studies
Authors: Yu Tong , Ma Xiao , Liu Zhuo , Feng Xuehuan , Wang Zhiyuan , Ren Jun , Cao Rui , Zhang Yingchao , Nie Fulei , Song Xiaoming 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Vegetables are an indispensable part of the daily diet of humans. Therefore, it is vital to systematically study the genomic data of vegetables and build a platform for data sharing and analysis. In this study, a comprehensive platform for vegetables with a user-friendly Web interface—The Vegetable Information Resource (TVIR, http://tvir.bio2db.com)—was built based on the genomes of 59 vegetables. TVIR database contains numerous important functional genes, including 5215 auxin genes, 2437 anthocyanin genes, 15 002 flowering genes, 79 830 resistance genes, and 2639 glucosinolate genes of 59 vegetables. In addition, 2597 N6-methyladenosine (m6A) genes were identified, including 513 writers, 1058 erasers, and 1026 readers. A total of 2 101 501 specific clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) guide sequences and 17 377 miRNAs were detected and deposited in TVIR database. Information on gene synteny, duplication, and orthologs is also provided for 59 vegetable species. TVIR database contains 2 346 850 gene annotations by the Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL, Gene Ontology (GO), Pfam, and Non-redundant (Nr) databases. Synteny, Primer Design, Blast, and JBrowse tools are provided to facilitate users in conducting comparative genomic analyses. This is the first large-scale collection of vegetable genomic data and bioinformatic analysis. All genome and gene sequences, annotations, and bioinformatic results can be easily downloaded from TVIR. Furthermore, transcriptome data of 98 vegetables have been collected and collated, and can be searched by species, tissues, or different growth stages. TVIR is expected to become a key hub for vegetable research globally. The database will be updated with newly assembled vegetable genomes and comparative genomic studies in the future.
Procedural Rights in the Outskirts of Criminal Law: European Union Administrative Fines
Authors: Kärner Markus 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The article analyses the application of criminal-head guarantees to European Union legislation requiring Member States to lay down rules on administrative fines. EU legislation requiring Member States to stipulate administrative fines for breaches of EU law has been on a steady increase. The proliferation of such sanctions with little harmonisation of applicable procedural safeguards opens doors for misuses of punitive power. The first part of the article analyses the application of the Engel criteria and the Jussila exception for offences falling short of the hard-core of criminal law. The article highlights the discrepancies in the case law and suggests an alternative to the moral stigma approach in applying the Jussila exception. The second part of the article assesses whether the case law of the ECJ provides similar results and to which extent has the Union’s legislator harmonised or precluded procedural safeguards regarding administrative fines.
Best Practices of Bioinspired Design: Key Themes and Challenges
Authors: Wissa Aimy , Alleyne Marianne , Barley William C , Suarez Andrew V 
Published: September 2022

Synopsis
Bioinspired design (BID) is an interdisciplinary research field that can lead to innovations to solve technical problems. There have been many attempts to develop a framework to de-silo engineering and biology and implement processes to enable BID. In January of 2022, we organized a symposium at the 2022 Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology Annual Meeting to bring together educators and practitioners of BID. The symposium aimed to (a) consolidate best practices in teaching bioinspiration, (b) create and sustain effective multidisciplinary teams, (c) summarize best approaches to conduct problem-based or solution-driven fundamental research, and (d) bring BID innovations to market. During the symposium, several themes emerged. Here we highlight three critical themes that need to be addressed for BID to become a truly interdisciplinary strategy that benefits all stakeholders and results in innovation. First, there is a need for a usable methodology that leads to proper abstraction of biological principles for engineering design. Second, the utilization of engineering models to test biological hypotheses is essential for the continued engagement of biologists in BID. Third, there is a necessity of proven team-science strategies that will lead to successful collaborations between engineers and biologists. Accompanying this introduction is a variety of perspectives and research articles highlighting best practices in BID research and product development and guides that can highlight the challenges and facilitate interdisciplinary collaborations in the field of BID.
Normalizing failure: when things go wrong in participatory marine social science fieldwork
Authors: Cvitanovic C , van Putten E I , Tuohy P , Annand-Jones R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Failure is a normal and critical part of the scientific process; however, the admittance of failure remains largely stigmatized within the sciences. In this paper, we argue that sharing stories of failure should be normalized, not only for the advancement of knowledge and improvement of research outcomes, but also for the health and well-being of the scientific community. We feel that this is particularly important for early career researchers, as it will help to set more realistic expectations of a career in science and to help reframe failure as a positive force for good. To do so, we draw upon our recent experiences of failure in participatory marine social science fieldwork. We share our personal perspectives of, among other things, how we felt when confronted with failure in the field, and more importantly, the strategies we used to confront, deal with, and overcome those failures. By doing so, we generate a list of practical steps and considerations that marine social science researchers can follow to help them navigate their own failures in the field, should they occur.
Vehicle detection method with low-carbon technology in haze weather based on deep neural network
Authors: Tao Ning , Xiangkun Jia , Xiaodong Duan , Jinmiao Song , Ranran Liang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVehicle detection based on deep learning achieves excellent results in normal environments, but it is still challenging to detect objects in low-quality picture obtained in hazy weather. Existing methods tend to ignore favorable latent information and it is difficult to balance speed and accuracy, etc. Therefore, the existing deep neural network is studied, and the YOLOv3 algorithm is improved based on ResNet. Aiming at the problem of low utilization of shallow features, DensNet is added in the feature extraction stage to reduce feature loss and increase utilization. An attention module is added in the feature extraction and fusion stage to better focus on potential information and improve the detection accuracy in haze weather. In view of the difficulty of vehicle detection in haze weather, focal loss is introduced to give more weights to difficult samples, balance the number of difficult and easy samples and improve detection accuracy. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the improved network for vehicles reaches 75%, which proves the effectiveness of the method.