bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance exercise training increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Oberholzer Laura , Mølmen Knut Sindre , Hammarström Daniel , Falch Gunnar Slettaløkken , Meinild Lundby Anne‐Kristine , Rønnestad Bent R. , Ellefsen Stian , Lundby Carsten 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. Resistance exercise training (RT) is a training modality with a relatively small pulmonary demand that has been suggested to increase skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme activity in COPD. Whether a shift into a more oxidative profile following RT also translates into increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity in COPD is yet to be established.MethodsThis study investigated the effects of 13 weeks of RT on m. vastus lateralis mitochondrial capacity in 11 persons with moderate COPD [45% females, age: 69 ± 4 years (mean ± SD), predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1): 56 ± 7%] and 12 healthy controls (75% females, age: 66 ± 5 years, predicted FEV1: 110 ± 16%). RT was supervised and carried out two times per week. Leg exercises included leg press, knee extension, and knee flexion and were performed unilaterally with one leg conducting high‐load training (10 repetitions maximum, 10RM) and the other leg conducting low‐load training (30 repetitions maximum, 30RM). One‐legged muscle mass, maximal muscle strength, and endurance performance were determined prior to and after the RT period, together with mitochondrial respiratory capacity using high‐resolution respirometry and citrate synthase (CS) activity (a marker for mitochondrial volume density). Transcriptome analysis of genes associated with mitochondrial function was performed.ResultsResistance exercise training led to similar improvements in one‐legged muscle mass, muscle strength, and endurance performance in COPD and healthy individuals. In COPD, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation capacity and oxidative phosphorylation increased following RT (+13 ± 22%, P = 0.033 and +9 ± 23%, P = 0.035, respectively). Marked increases were also seen in COPD for mitochondrial volume density (CS activity, +39 ± 35%, P = 0.001), which increased more than mitochondrial respiration, leading to lowered intrinsic mitochondrial function (respiration/CS activity) for complex‐1‐supported respiration (−12 ± 43%, P = 0.033), oxidative phosphorylation (−10 ± 42%, P = 0.037), and electron transfer system capacity (−6 ± 52%, P = 0.027). No differences were observed between 10RM and 30RM RT, nor were there any adaptations in mitochondrial function following RT in healthy controls. RT led to differential expression of numerous genes related to mitochondrial function in both COPD and healthy controls, with no difference being observed between groups.ConclusionsThirteen weeks of RT resulted in augmented skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity in COPD, accompanied by alterations in the transcriptome and driven by an increase in mitochondrial quantity rather than improved mitochondrial quality.
Autonomous Bayesian escorting of a human integrating intention and obstacle avoidance
Authors: Conte Dean , Furukawa Tomonari 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a Bayesian technique for navigating a mobile robot to safely escort a human to their destination. A mathematical analysis of escorting identifies the significance of human intention inference for escorting success. The proposed Bayesian technique observes the head pose of the human walking behind the robot to infer their intention. The future human pose is then predicted by fusing two independent predictions using Gaussian fusion. One prediction method uses the observed intention, and the other prediction uses a physics‐based model. Both prediction methods initially use particle filters to best model nonlinear and non‐Gaussian motion. The robot goal pose is determined from the predicted human motion and adjusted if necessary leveraging the unoccupied distance map to avoid obstacles and successfully and safely enable autonomous escorting. Experimental analysis shows that the incorporation of the proposed human intention model reduces human position prediction error by approximately 33% when turning, improving escorting accuracy by 50%. The incorporation of the proposed obstacle avoidance has further demonstrated its need and efficacy for successful and safe autonomous escorting.
Direct Synthesis of Stable 1T‐MoS2 Doped with Ni Single Atoms for Water Splitting in Alkaline Media
Authors: Wang Guowei , Zhang Guikai , Ke Xiaoxing , Chen Xiangyu , Chen Xu , Wang Yueshuai , Huang Guoyu , Dong Juncai , Chu Shengqi , Sui Manling 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetallic MoS2 (i.e., 1T‐MoS2) is considered as the most promising precious‐metal‐free electrocatalyst with outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance in acidic media comparable to Pt. However, sluggish kinematics of HER in alkaline media and its inability for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hamper its development as bifunctional catalysts. The instability of 1T‐MoS2 further impedes its applications for scaling up, calling an urgent need for simple synthesis to produce stable 1T‐MoS2. In this work, the challenge of 1T‐MoS2 synthesis is first addressed using a direct one‐step hydrothermal method by adopting ascorbic acid. 1T‐MoS2 with flower‐like morphology is obtained, and transition metals (Ni, Co, Fe) are simultaneously doped into 1T‐MoS2. Ni‐1T‐MoS2 achieves an enhanced bifunctional catalytic activity for both HER and OER in alkaline media, where the key role of Ni doping as single atom is proved to be essential for boosting HER/OER activity. Finally, a Ni‐1T‐MoS2||Ni‐1T‐MoS2 electrolyzer is fabricated, reaching a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an applied cell voltage of only 1.54 V for overall water splitting.
Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived Hollow CoSx Nanoarray Coupled with NiFe Layered Double Hydroxides as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Lee Yun Jae , Park Seung‐Keun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor effective hydrogen production by water splitting, it is essential to develop earth‐abundant, highly efficient, and durable electrocatalysts. Herein, the authors report a bifunctional electrocatalyst composed of hollow CoSx and Ni–Fe based layered double hydroxide (NiFe LDH) nanosheets for efficient overall water splitting (OWS). The optimized heterostructure is obtained by the electrodeposition of NiFe LDH nanosheets on metal–organic framework‐derived hollow CoSx nanoarrays, which are supported on nickel foam (H‐CoSx@NiFe LDH/NF). The unique structure of the hybrid material not only provides ample active sites, but also facilitates electrolyte penetration and gas release during the reactions. Additionally, the strong coupling and synergy between the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) active CoSx and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) active NiFe LDH gives rise to the excellent bifunctional properties. Consequently, H‐CoSx@NiFe LDH/NF exhibits remarkable HER and OER activities with overpotentials of 95 and 250 mV, respectively at 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH. Even at 1.0 A cm−2, the electrode requires small overpotentials of 375 mV (for HER) and 418 mV (for OER), respectively. An electrolyzer based on H‐CoSx@NiFe LDH/NF demonstrates a low cell voltage of 1.98 V at a current density of 300 mA cm−2 and good durability for 100 h in OWS application.
Compliance checking of software processes: A systematic literature review
Authors: Castellanos Ardila Julieth Patricia , Gallina Barbara , Ul Muram Faiz 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe processes used to develop software need to comply with normative requirements (e.g., standards and regulations) to align with the market and the law. Manual compliance checking is challenging because there are numerous requirements with changing nature and different purposes. Despite the importance of automated techniques, there is not any systematic study in this field. This lack may hinder organizations from moving toward automated compliance checking practices. In this paper, we characterize the methods for automatic compliance checking of software processes, including used techniques, potential impacts, and challenges. For this, we undertake a systematic literature review (SLR) of studies reporting methods in this field. As a result, we identify solutions that use different techniques (e.g., anthologies and metamodels) to represent processes and their artifacts (e.g., tasks and roles). Various languages, which have diverse capabilities for managing competing and changing norms, and agile strategies, are also used to represent normative requirements. Most solutions require tool‐support concretization and enhanced capabilities to handle processes and normative diversity. Our findings outline compelling areas for future research. In particular, there is a need to select suitable languages for consolidating a generic and normative‐agnostic solution, increase automation levels, tool support, and boost the application in practice by improving usability aspects.
Strict trade measures, flexible financing
Authors: Avsar Veysel , Gollu Gultekin , Sevinc Nurgul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of antidumping policy on the payment methods in trade transactions. Using three‐dimensional (country–HS6 product‐year) data on payment methods in imports and detailed data on antidumping activity from Turkey, we show that antidumping duties lead to more exporter‐financed transactions for the targeted country‐product pairs compared to a control group of nontargeted ones. Our findings suggest that exporters offer better financing options when they face competitive pressure in their export destinations because of discriminatory trade policy.
Auf dem Weg zum klimaneutralen Stahlbau
Authors: Siebers Raban 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDie Stahlindustrie ist eine Branche, die mittelfristig erhebliche Mengen CO2 einsparen kann. Sowohl mit Wasserstoff wie auch mit grünem Strom sind die Reduktionspotenziale bei der Stahlherstellung erheblich. Mithilfe der Direktreduktion können für den Übergang bereits durch den Einsatz von Erdgas erhebliche CO2‐Minderungen erzielt werden. Ein weiterer wichtiger Baustein einer klimaneutralen Stahlindustrie ist die schrottbasierte Elektrostahlproduktion. Die Rolle von Stahl als wesentlicher Baustein der Circular Economy ist schon jetzt durch den etablierten und ökonomisch funktionierenden Schrotthandel gesetzt. In diesem Beitrag werden alle Potenziale und Hebel für das Bauen mit Stahl für eine CO2‐neutrale Zukunft aufgezeigt.
Small Wins and Feeling Good: An Innovative Book Distribution Program
Authors: Neuman Susan B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany of our children continue to live in book deserts, neighborhoods bereft of reading materials. It is an educational problem that, at times, may seem unsolvable. In this article, my colleagues and I approach the problem from a perspective of a small win, a term first coined by organizational theorist Karl Weik. Small wins act like micro‐innovations, tackling big problems by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable projects which can demonstrate promise. The article describes an innovative book distribution program through vending machines in a neighborhood, and provides examples of the ways in which a small win can lead to progress in our understanding of reading and its importance in a community.
Detection, prevention and treatment of COVID‐19 and opportunities for nanobiotechnology
Authors: Bao Qing , Yang Tao , Yang Mingying , Mao Chuanbin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSince the outbreak of COVID‐19, the number of confirmed cases and deaths has increased globally at a dramatic speed. In view of the serious health threat to humans, this review discusses the state‐of‐the‐art studies about fighting this disease. It summarizes the current strategies and recent advances in detecting, preventing, and treating COVID‐19 and interprets the underlying mechanisms in detail. Detection of COVID‐19 can be successfully achieved by multiple techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, computed tomography imaging, and nano‐biosensing. Inactivated virus vaccine, nucleic acid vaccine, and different nanoparticles have been employed to effectively prevent COVID‐19. A variety of agents such as antiviral agents, neutralizing antibodies, and nanotherapeutics have been developed to treat COVID‐19 with exciting efficacy. Although nanobiotechnology has shown great potential in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of COVID‐19, efforts should be made to explore new biocompatible nano‐biomaterials to advance this field to clinical applications. Hence, nanobiotechnology paves a new way to detect, prevent, and treat COVID‐19 effectively.
Inorganic biomaterials‐based bioinks for three‐dimensional bioprinting of regenerative scaffolds
Authors: Qin Chen , Wu Chengtie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe application of inorganic biomaterials in regenerative medicine is increasingly expanded. Taking advantages of attractive properties of the inorganic biomaterials, sorts of functional bioinks have been developed based on inorganic biomaterials and were applied to construct inorganic/organic/cell‐laden systems for tissue regeneration via 3D bioprinting technology. In this review, we aim to summarize the existing inorganic biomaterials‐based bioinks (referred to as “inorganic‐bioinks”) for 3D bioprinting regenerative scaffolds. We introduce the recently developed inorganic‐bioinks from the perspective of the function of bioinks, and especially highlight the incorporation of inorganic biomaterials improving the printability, mechanical strength, and bioactivity of the bioinks for different tissue regeneration. Subsequently, the current applications of the inorganic‐bioinks in constructing 3D cell‐laden scaffolds for tissue regeneration are presented. Finally, challenges and prospects for the inorganic biomaterials‐based bioprinting strategy are discussed.
Erector spinae plane block as part of a multimodal analgesic approach in an anaesthetised horse undergoing dorsal spinous process ostectomy and desmotomy
Authors: Rodriguez Alfonso , Medina‐Serra Roger , Lynch Nicola , Veres‐Nyeki Kata 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA 14‐year‐old Irish sport horse presented to our institution with a history of right forelimb lameness and left‐sided back pain. Radiography and nuclear scintigraphy were performed under sedation and the horse was diagnosed with overriding dorsal spinous processes, also known as kissing spine syndrome. Surgical treatment consisted of dorsal spinous process ostectomy and desmotomy under general anaesthesia. This case report summarises the perianaesthetic management, which included an erector spinae plane block as part of a multimodal analgesic approach.
Survival rates of translocated Gunnison sage‐grouse
Authors: Apa Anthony D. , Gammonley James H. , Neubaum Daniel J. , Phillips Evan , Runge Jonathan P. , Seward Nathan , Wait Scott , Weinmeister Brad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTranslocations have been used as a management tool for the federally threatened Gunnison sage‐grouse (Centrocercus minimus) but have not been rigorously evaluated. We estimated survival of translocated Gunnison sage‐grouse during the first year following release. Survival rates differed among satellite population where grouse were released, and survival was lower during the first 75 days following release than during the remainder of the first year. Age and sex of translocated grouse also influenced survival, but the timing of translocation (spring or fall) was less influential. Survival estimates of translocated Gunnison sage‐grouse were comparable to available estimates for resident Gunnison and greater sage‐grouse (C. urophasianus), suggesting that translocations may be an effective management tool for maintaining isolated populations. However, annual male counts at leks in the release populations were variable and generally declining, indicating that past numbers of Gunnison sage‐grouse translocated to these populations may not be adequate to sustain local populations, if lek counts reflect true population trends. Given that translocation has been identified as a primary management action for the recovery of Gunnison sage‐grouse, we recommend that a long‐term strategy for a translocation program should be developed. The success of a Gunnison sage‐grouse translocation program should be carefully monitored and managers should consider prioritizing captures for translocations with subadult females and males.
General Oncology Care in Qatar, Comoros, and Djibouti
Authors: Al-Shamsi Humaid O. , Iqbal Faryal 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn Qatar, upgraded oncology care facilities have emerged from healthcare infrastructure and advanced technologies. Comoros and Djibouti, on the other hand, are still in the underdeveloped stage of oncology care services. The editors of the book contacted authors to write book chapters on cancer care outlook for their respective Arab countries. However, the editors were unable to find the authors for Qatar, Comoros, and Djibouti. Hence, they decided to compose a short review on oncology care in the aforementioned countries for the book. This chapter features cancer epidemiology and services in the respective countries while indicating unavailable facilities through WHO data.
Cancer Research in the Arab World
Authors: Hamadeh Randah R. , Jahrami Haitham , Nazzal Khaled 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCancer research is needed in the Arab world to provide evidence to healthcare workers and health policy makers. This chapter examines the literature on cancer research productivity in the Arab world, and the output of the 22 countries with respect to the number of publications, main types of cancers studied and top journals that researchers aim to publish their findings in. Although the Arab region is lagging in its cancer research output, it is reassuring that productivity has been on the rise in the last decade. There are great variations between countries in their contribution to cancer research, with Egypt and Saudi Arabia contributing the most and sub-Saharan Arab countries the least. Breast cancer is the most researched cancer in the Arab countries, overshadowing other leading cancers. The top journals that researchers published their work in are the Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Pan African Medical Journal, Saudi Medical Journal, Tunisie Medicale, the Gulf Journal of Oncology and the Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute. The last two occupied the fifth rank equally. All these journals are Q3 journals except for the first, which is a Q2 journal. The challenges and barriers facing researchers in the Arab world should be examined and sources of cancer research funding expanded. Collaborations with researchers in international academic institutions should be encouraged to improve the quantity and quality of cancer research.
Radiation Therapy in Arab World
Authors: Elsayed Zeinab , Lalya Issam , AlHussain Hussain , Mula-Hussain Layth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRadiation therapy is an essential part of the treatment of malignant diseases (and some benign diseases). Radiation oncologists are part of a multidisciplinary team who work with medical physicists, radiation therapy technologists, and oncology nurses to optimize the treatment of their patients. Although X-ray discovery dates to 1895, the Arab world started to practice this field in the 1920s. This chapter describes the status of radiation therapy in the 22 Arab countries regarding radiation therapy facilities, training programs, and the future of radiation therapy in the Arab world.
General Oncology Care in Kuwait
Authors: Alhuraiji Ahmad , Abdullah Jinan , Almutairi Bader O. , Albarrak Jasem 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe State of Kuwait is an active member of the Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Cancer care has taken its leadership for more than 50 years by establishing the first cancer center in the region called Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC). The healthcare system in Kuwait has rapidly evolved over the last two decades with more specialized healthcare professionals and dedicated services entering the system. This chapter focuses on different aspects of cancer care in Kuwait, starting from demographic and epidemiological data, the set-up of the healthcare system in Kuwait with more focus on the multidisciplinary cancer care ending up with future directions.
The shape of scalar Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Authors: Herrero-Valea Mario 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe study the consistency of Scalar Gauss-Bonnet Gravity, a generalization of General Relativity where black holes can develop non-trivial hair by the action of a couplingF(Φ)$$ \mathcal{G} $$Gbetween a function of a scalar field and the Gauss-Bonnet invariant of the space-time. When properly normalized, interactions induced by this term are weighted by a cut-off, and take the form of an Effective Field Theory expansion. By invoking the existence of a Lorentz invariant, causal, local, and unitary UV completion of the theory, we derivepositivity boundsforn-to-nscattering amplitudes including exchange of dynamical gravitons. These constrain the value ofalleven derivatives of the functionF(Φ), and are highly restrictive. They require some of the scales of the theory to be of Planckian order, and rule out most of the models used in the literature for black hole scalarization.
Evaluation of extreme precipitation in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China using a 1.5 km mesh convection‑permitting regional climate model
Authors: Dong Guangtao , Jiang Zhiyu , Wang Ya , Tian Zhan , Liu Junguo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRealistic representation of rainfall characteristics on local scales by state-of-the-art climate models remains a key challenge, especially on sub-daily timescales. In this study, the convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model configured with 1.5 km grid spacing is used to simulate precipitation on sub-daily timescales over the Yangtze River Delta Region of China for continuous 10 years (2005–2014). The simulations are compared with rain gauge observations, reanalysis data, and the simulations of a lower resolution WRF with 9 km grid spacing that has a parameterization of convection. The results show that precipitation over the region can be well captured by using the convection-permitting model (CPM). Furthermore, the intensity, duration and coverage of these precipitation events can be more accurately described by the CPM. On the convection timescales of 1–4 h, especially for heavy rainfall events, the CPM is more accurate than the convection-parameterized model in capturing the short-duration events, which may be due to its better account of physical processes related to the convection on the convection-permitting scale. In addition, the extreme events which are more localized and with short-duration can be represented better by the CPM while the convection-parameterized model tends to produce widespread precipitation events covering more grid cells than observations Biases of the simulation by the 9-km mesh convection-parameterized mode appear to be related to the deficiencies in the representation of convections.