bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban tree composition is associated with breeding success of a passerine bird, but effects vary within and between years
Authors: Jensen Johan Kjellberg , Ekroos Johan Edvard , Watson Hannah , Salmón Pablo , Olsson Peter , Isaksson Caroline 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Birds breeding in urban environments have lower reproductive output compared to rural conspecifics, most likely because of food limitation. However, which characteristics of urban environments may cause this deficiency is not clear. Here, we investigated how tree composition within urban territories of passerine birds is associated with breeding probability and reproductive success. We used seven years of data of breeding occupancy for blue and great tits (Cyanistes caeruleus; Parus major) and several reproductive traits for great tits, from 400 urban nest boxes located in five parks within the city of Malmö, Sweden. We found that tits, overall, were less likely to breed in territories dominated by either non-native trees or beech trees. Great tit chicks reared in territories dominated by non-native trees weighed significantly less, compared to territories with fewer non-native trees. An earlier onset of breeding correlated with increased chick weight in great tits. Increasing number of common oak trees (Quercus robur) was associated with delayed onset of breeding in great tits. Notably, as offspring survival probability generally increased by breeding earlier, in particular in oak-dominated territories, our results suggest that delayed onset of breeding induced by oak trees may be maladaptive and indicate a mis-match to this food source. Our results demonstrate that tree composition may have important consequences on breeding success of urban birds, but some of these effects are not consistent between years, highlighting the need to account for temporal effects to understand determinants of breeding success and inform optimal management in urban green spaces.
Computer aided drug design to generate a new antibiotic family
Authors: Barden Christopher , Wu Fan , Lu Erhu , Sun Shengguo , Taylor Marcia , Rushton Annette , Meek Autumn , Reddy Alla , Doyle Lisa , Sagamanova Irina , Sivamuthuraman Kovilpitchai , Boudreau Robert ,   J. Pedro Fernández-Murray1, Williams Jason , Byers David , Weaver Donald , McMaster Christopher 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Using computer aided drug design we developed a new antibiotic class with a unique structure versus holo-acyl carrier protein synthase (AcpS). AcpS is a highly conserved enzyme essential for bacterial survival that catalyzes the first step in lipid synthesis. There are no current antibiotics targeting AcpS making this drug development program unique. We synthesized a library of >700 novel compounds targeting AcpS, from which 37 inhibit bacterial growth in vitro at ≤2 ug/ml. We demonstrate that compounds from this class have broad Gram positive activity including efficacy against clinically relevant multi-drug resistant strains in vitro and in animal models of infection in vivo. In addition, compounds from this new antibiotic family synergize with colistin versus multi-drug resistant Gram negative species. This new antibiotic family could form the basis for several multi-drug resistant antimicrobial programs.
How is China's energy green consumption revolution progressing? A comprehensive evaluation method based on entropy-weighted TOPSIS method
Authors: Zou Tong , Guo Pibin , Wu Qinglong 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Energy Green Consumption Revolution (EGCR) is an important sub-project of China's ongoing energy transition. Majority of the current studies on energy transition focused on the dynamics of the interaction between energy consumption and socio-technical elements such as economy, technology, environment, and institutions, and the transformation of energy consumption behavior, while only a few mentioned the crucial question regarding the EGCR progressing in China. This paper builds an integrated energy-economy-society-environment assessment framework and evaluates the progress of China's EGCR at the national, regional and inter-provincial levels using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method. The evaluation results revealed that the overall progress of China's EGCR is stagnant, showing a stepped evolution of high level in the eastern region, medium level in the central region, and low level in the western region, with a huge gap in the progress of reform among provinces.
Analytical modeling of junction capacitance using Trapezoidal Approximation for source and drain Engineered Partially depleted Silicon on Insulator.
Authors: Baby Sumi , Pradeep Anju , U.S Shikha 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Junction capacitance variation in Source-Drain Engineered Partially Depleted Silicon On Insulator(SDE-PDSOI), due to the geometry effects of source and drain are discussed in this paper. Reduction in sidewall junction capacitance at saturation is caused by reduced charge due to geometrical variation of source and drain. Junction capacitance is modeled and validated with numerical simulations. Trapezoidal approximation is applied to extract the depletion width and the junction capacitance is evaluated. Modulation of the depletion width with varying potential along the channel thickness is also presented.
Elucidation the by-products and toxicity assessment the treated solution of "10, 11 dihydro2 10 hydroxy carbamazepine" after electrochemical degradation process.
Authors: Mussa Zainab , Al-Qaim Fouad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In both deionized water and effluent wastewater, the electrochemical degradation kinetics of 10, 11 dihydro-10 hydroxy carbamazepine (HDX-CBZ) utilizing graphite-PVC composite as anode were evaluated. For the purpose of testing and validating a kinetic model for the oxidation of HDX-CBZ by the electrochemical oxidation process, the effects of the initial concentration of HDX-CBZ, chloride ion (Cl) loading, type of sample, applied voltage, hydrogen peroxide and pH were identified. The outcomes showed that HDX-CBZ electrochemical oxidation rates were pseudo-first-order kinetics. Depending on the operating conditions, the rate constant values varied from 0.0022 to 0.0483 min -1 . Due to the high applied voltage of 10 V, high energy consumption of 0.667 kWh g -1 HDX-CBZ was observed so it was not taken into account in this investigation. The primary by-products that arise from the electrochemical degradation of HDX-CBZ using graphite-PVC composite as anode in aqueous matrices were clarified using liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ToF/MS). At various incubation times, the toxicity of HDX-CBZ and its by-products against E. coli bacteria was evaluated.
An Evaluation of the Uric Acid and Hematological Parameters in Patients with Nodal Hand Osteoarthritis
Authors: Enginar Ayse Unal 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objective: To compare patients with symptomatic nodal hand osteoarthritis (OA) with a control group in respect of inflammation parameters, uric acid, and hematological parameters.
Methods:The study included 50 post-menopausal female patients diagnosed with symptomatic nodal hand OA and a control group of 50 post-menopausal females. Patient data including age, monocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and thrombocyte counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) level, uric acid level, and the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) score obtained from evaluations of hand radiographs, were recorded retrospectively from the hospital information system. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), thrombocyte-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were calculated. The data were compared between the two groups.
Results: Age, monocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and thrombocyte counts, NLR, PLR, MLR, ESR, CRP, and uric acid level were compared. With the exception of MLR and ESR, no statistically significant difference was determined between the two groups. The MLR was determined to be statistically significantly higher in the control group than in the patient group (p:0.024). The ESR was determined to be statistically significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p<0.001). When patients with a KL score of 2 and 3 were compared, with the exception of age, no other difference was determined. Patients with a KL score of 3 were seen to be significantly older (p:0.032).
Conclusions: ESR was determined to be significantly higher in patients with symptomatic nodal OA. Clarification of the relationship between inflammation, uric acid, and hand OA, which is a heterogeneous disease, will be useful in the follow-up and treatment of patients.
Real–World outcomes of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt combined with embolization: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Lianhui , Wu Qiong , Wang Lifen , Xia Yifu , Tie Jun , Xu Jiao , Wu Hao , Wei Bo , Zhuge Yuzheng , Chen Chao , Sun Xiubin , Zhang Chunqing , Wang Guangchuan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background and aims

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) combined with embolization (TIPS + E) in the control of variceal bleeding still remains controversial. This study aimed to explore the clinical outcomes of TIPS + E and present evidence for guideline recommendations in a real–world cohort.

Methods

In this multicenter retrospective cohort, 2077 cirrhotic patients received TIPS ± E (631 in TIPS alone and 1446 in TIPS + E) were enrolled between January 2010 and June 2020, with a median follow–up time of 32.5 (19.3, 56.6) months. The primary outcome was rebleeding, and the secondary outcomes were hepatic encephalopathy (HE), survival, recompensated survival (R–survival), further–decompensated rates, and post–further–decompensated survival (PFD–survival).

Results

The rebleeding rate was similar between TIPS and TIPS + E group (P = 0.51). TIPS + E had a trend toward decreasing HE rates comparing to TIPS alone (P = 0.20). In addition, TIPS + E significantly improved survival comparing to TIPS (P = 0.006). Besides, TIPS + E group had a significant lower further-decompensated rate than TIPS (P = 0.04). For prognosis, TIPS + E also improved R–survival (P = 0.036) and PFD–survival (P = 0.02) comparing to TIPS alone, respectively.

Conclusion

Based on the present real–world data, TIPS + E showed efficacy in control of rebleeding, with a trend towards decreasing HE, which significantly improved survival and prognosis compared to TIPS alone.
Gapless superconductivity in Nb thin films probed by terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Ji Eun , Choi Joonyoung , Jung Taek Sun , Kim Jong Hyuk , Choi Young Jai , Sim Kyung Ik , Jo Youn Jung , Kim Jae 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Time reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking often generates exotic quantum phases in condensed matter. In superconductors, TRS breaking by an external magnetic field not only suppresses superconductivity but also leads to a novel quantum state called the gapless superconducting state. Here we show that magneto-terahertz spectroscopy provides us with a rare opportunity to access and explore the gapless superconducting state of Nb thin films. We present the complete functional form of the superconducting order parameter for an arbitrary magnetic field, for which a fully self-consistent theory is, surprisingly, yet unavailable. We observe a Lifshitz topological phase transition with a vanishing quasiparticle gap everywhere on the Fermi surface, whereas the superconducting order parameter smoothly crosses over from the gapped to the gapless regime. Our observation of the magnetic pair-breaking effects in Nb challenges traditional perturbative theories and opens a pathway to further exploring and manipulating the exotic state of gapless superconductivity.
Management of Left Ventricular Aneurysm-Induced Ventricular Tachycardia in Limited Resource Setting: A Case Report
Authors: Mendel Brian , Kohar Kelvin , Utama Karen Elliora , Pratiwi Yustin Putri , Retnita Anggun , Prakoso Radityo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) was associated with life threatening ventricular tachycardia as well as sudden cardiac death. In limited-resource setting, the management of this condition remains challenging.
Case presentation
A 43-year-old man was diagnosed with unstable ventricular tachycardia. Due to certain circumstance, we tried to convert the rhythm by modifying Amiodarone intravenous infusion to prevent the sudden fall of blood pressure. After 300 mg of infusion, the rhythm converted to sinus. Furthermore, in addition to heart failure symptoms, ST elevation and pathological Q wave in V3-V6 still persisted within 7 days of follow-up, indicating the likelihood of LVA.
Conclusion
Untreated MI may lead to a LVA that can induce unstable ventricular tachycardia and aborted with amiodarone.
Photodynamic therapy reduced the risk of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: a retrospective study in an ethnic Chinese cohort
Authors: Song Yansong , Tang Fan , Liu Jiaxin , Yang Dan , Wang Jiongke , Luo Xiaobo , Jiang Lu , Zhou Yu , Zeng Xin , Xu Hao , Dan Hongxia , Chen Qianming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the risk of malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia (OLK).
Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study involved 370 OLK patients diagnosed from 2015 to 2022, with a mean time of 48.7 months from onset to the end of follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, univariate and multivariate COX proportional regression models were used to evaluate the effects of PDT on the risk of malignant transformation of OLK. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the role of PDT in OLK patients with different clinical characteristics.
Results: Older age (adjusted HR=1.034, P=0.01) and non-homogeneous leukoplakia (adjusted HR=2.181, P=0.035) had higher risk of malignant transformation of OLK. Patients who had finished a complete course of PDT (adjusted HR=0.316, P=0.008) had a significant lower risk of malignant transformation, while those who hadn’t finished a complete course of PDT (adjusted HR=0.702, P=0.372) cannot be considered to have such a protective effect. In the subgroup analyses, PDT showed a significant protective effect on malignant transformation of OLK in patients with female gender, no smoking or drinking habits, non-homogeneous lesions, lesions on oral mucosa outside the dangerous region, and any grade of epithelial dysplasia.
Conclusions: A complete course of PDT could significantly reduce the risk of malignant transformation of OLK, especially in those patients with risk factors of malignant transformation.
Clinical Relevance: PDT showed potential to prevent malignant transformation of OLK. A complete course of PDT might be encouraged to achieve better clinical outcomes.
Wildfire risk for global wildland–urban interface (WUI) areas
Authors: Chen Bin , Wu Shengbiao , Jin Yufang , Song Yimeng , Wu Chao , Venevsky Sergey , Xu Bing , Webster Chris , Gong Peng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Intensifying wildfires and human settlement expansion have placed more people and infrastructure at the wildland–urban interface (WUI) areas under risk. Wildfire management and policy response are needed to protect ecosystems and residential communities; however, maps containing spatially explicit information on the distribution of WUI areas are limited to certain countries or local regions, and therefore global WUI patterns and associated wildfire exposure risk remain unclear. Here, we generated the first global WUI data layer with 400-m spatial resolution for 2020 by incorporating fine-resolution housing and vegetation mapping. We estimated the total global WUI area to be 6.62 million km2. By overlapping 2015–2020 wildfire burned area maps and fine-resolution population dataset, our analysis revealed that globally, 6.16% (11.27%) of WUI areas housing 3.83 million (9.0 million) people are within a 2400-m (4800-m) buffer zone of wildfire threat. Regionally, we found that the United States, Brazil, China, India, and Australia account for the majority of WUI areas, but African countries experience higher wildfire risk. Our analysis is the first to quantify global WUI patterns and the associated wildfire risk, and could support improvement of wildfire management.
Initial manifestations in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity based on onset age: a study from a Nationwide Survey in Japan
Authors: Kido Takahiro , Hosaka Sho , Imagawa Kazuo , Fukushima Hiroka , Morio Tomohiro , Nonoyama Shigeaki , Takada Hidetoshi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) manifest various initial symptoms; however, those that are critical for the early diagnosis of IEI have not been identified. Also, the significance of the ten warning signs of primary immunodeficiency (PID) among infants has not been established. This study aimed to conduct a nationwide survey of IEI in Japan and investigated the initial manifestations based on onset age.
Methods: Among 1,298 patients, data regarding the initial manifestation were available from 505 patients. Patients with autoinflammatory diseases, complement deficiency, and phenocopies of IEI were excluded.
Results: The ten warning signs were positive in 67.3 % of the cases. The positivity rate was low (20.5 %) in patients with immune dysregulation. Although the positivity rate was low (36.6 %) in patients aged less than 3 months, they were highly positive for family history of IEI (26.8 %). Infectious symptoms were the most commonly observed in all age groups and in all disease categories. Symptoms of “immune dysregulation” were present in approximately 15 % of the patients. Regarding the anatomical category, almost all initial symptoms were “systemic” infections in patients with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. Moreover, “respiratory” symptoms were the most common in patients with IEI aged ≥ 1 year and accounted for more than 50 % in all age groups in patients with common variable immunodeficiency.
Conclusion: These results highlight the significance of the 10 warning signs and may serve as clinical indicators for early diagnosis, considering the initial presentation of IEI.
β-glucan protects against necrotizing enterocolitis in mice by inhibiting intestinal inflammation, improving gut barrier and modulating gut microbiota
Authors: Zhang Xingdao , Zhang Yuni , He Yu , Zhu Xingwang , Ai Qing , Shi Yuan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease with high morbidity and mortality, affecting preterm infants especially those with very low and extremely low birth weight. β-glucan has manifested of multiple biological effects including anti-inflammatory, regulating gut microbiota and immunomodulatory activities. At present, there is no relevant study considering the effects of β-glucan on NEC. This study aimed to investigate the effects of β-glucan on NEC.
Methods
Neonatal C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group, NEC group and β-glucan group. Newborn 3-day-old mice were gavage with either 1mg/ml β-glucan or PBS at 0.03 ml/g for consecutive 7 days before NEC induction and a NEC model was established with hypoxia combined with cold exposure and formula feeding. All the pups were killed after 72-hour modeling. HE staining was performed to assess the pathological injury of the intestine. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors in intestinal tissues were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein levels of TLR4, NF-κB and tight junctions proteins in intestinal tissues were evaluated using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to determine the structure of gut microbiota.
Results
β-glucan administration ameliorated intestinal injury of NEC mice; reduced the intestinal expression of TLR4, NF-κB, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6 and TNF-α; and increased the intestinal expression of IL-10 (P < 0.05); improved the expression of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 within intestinal barrier. Pre-treatment with β-glucan also increased the proportion of Actinobacteria, Clostridium_butyricum, Lactobacillus_johnsonii,Lactobacillus_murinus and Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_mt14 and reduced the proportion of Klebsiella_oxytoca_g__Klebsiella in the NEC model.
Conclusion
β-glucan intervention can prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal mice, possibly by suppressing TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway, improving intestinal barrier function and partially regulating intestinal microbiota.
Predictors of depression and role of trust in medical professionals as moderator in Hong Kong Chinese population in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lai Daniel W.L. , Jin Jiahui , Yan Elsie , Lee Vincent W.P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background: Given the continuing COVID-19 pandemic and the associated prevention and control measures implemented the psychological burden brought by the pandemic on the citizens is expected to increase. This study aimed to explore the predictors of depressive symptoms among Hong Kong people during the epidemic, as well as factors that could potentially alleviate the negative effects of the epidemic.
Methods: A longitudinal prospective survey study was conducted with the general population aged 18 and above in Hong Kong. The third wave follow-up survey (December 2021 to January 2022) was used for a cross-sectional analysis (n= 803). Logistic and linear regression were performed to test the predictors and moderating effects respectively.
Results: With minimized confounding effects of demographic variables, higher levels of concern of infection, experience with COVID-19 infection and previous epidemics, hassles, and trust in authority increased the odds of being depressive, while a higher level of trust in medical professionals reduced the odds of depression. Moreover, greater trust in medical professionals, as a moderator, lessened the positive associations between the levels of depression and hassles, concern about infection.
Conclusions: Even though the threats of COVID-19 seem to have lowered, this study shows that a few factors associated with the pandemic continue to threaten people’s mental health. However, developing greater trust in medical experts may be an effective way to relieve psychological burden.
Design and fabrication by Selective Laser Melting of a LIDAR reflective unit using Metal Matrix Composite material
Authors: Boschetto Alberto , Bottini Luana , Macera Luciano 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

The Selective Laser Melting is an Additive Manufacturing technology able to directly fabricate full dense metal part from a virtual model. The geometrical complexity degree of freedom allows the implementation to several industrial applications such as the Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging systems. A key component of this system is the reflective unit which must satisfy functional requirements and a weight reduction is advisable. Aim of this work is to reach these goals by using an integrated product/process methodology which considers all the fabrication steps. A complete redesign allowed to exploit the Additive Manufacturing advantages of a Metal Matrix Composite based on AA 2000 series combined with a high content of ceramic. The component was validated via Finite Element Method simulation focused on the most critical polishing operation. Results on static and dynamic analysis showed the lightened mirror satisfies the requirements. The testing on the physical prototype confirmed the enhanced mechanical properties and the interferometric measurement verified the mirror functionality. The work evidenced that particular care must be provided to the configuration used for the polishing and the assembly in this lightened component.