bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFICACY OF BLOOD PRESSURE MANAGEMENT ACCORDING TO GENDER
Authors: Kim Minsik , Kim Jihee 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
High blood pressure (BP) are major causes of cardiovascular(CV) disease
However, there was limited evidence on whether the efficacy of BP management may differ in male and female, whether the risk of high BP may differ depending on gender, or whether menopause changes in female’s risk of CV disease.
We evaluated the risk of CV disease in male and female of central blood pressure(CBP), brachial BP and pulse pressure (PP)

Design and method:
Patients were enrolled from June 2011 to December 2015, and were followed up through December 2019. The primary endpoints were composite outcome of CV disease, HF, and hypertension-induced complications such as left ventricular hypertrophy, retinopathy, and proteinuria

Results:
During an average follow-up period of 6.5 years, a total of 2,112 participants were enrolled, 1,065 were male and 1,047 were female. Of these, 109 events occurred for women and 157 events occurred for men. As a result, when analyzing CBP and systolic BP(SBP) as cox regression model, it was confirmed that the risk increased by 10% to 11% in female(Hazard ratio(HR) according to CBP 10 mmHg increase 1.10, 95% confidence interval; CI 1.01–1.20, p-value 0.021), (HR, SBP 10 mmHg, 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.22, p-value 0.029).
However, there were no significant results in the male group(HR, CBP 10 mmHg, 1.04;,95% CI 0.96–1.12, p-value 0.339), (HR, SBP 10 mmHg, 1.08, 95% CI 0.99–1.18, p-value 0.076).
Meanwhile, in female, PP increased the risk by 18% with an increase of 10 mmHg, and these values were confirmed to be strong significant(HR, PP 10 mmHg, 1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.33, p-value 0.009). This has also been confirmed in men(HR, PP 10 mmHg, 1.14; 95% CI 1.01–1.28, p-value 0.033).
And although not included in this abstract, it was confirmed that the risk of HBP in postmenopaussl female compared to premenopausal female.

Conclusions:
In this study, we confirmed that blood pressure control works more critically in women, and that we should not overlook the fact that pulse pressure was actually acting as a hidden determinant of disease progression, although we have so far set target BP and treated to achieve it.
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK RECLASSIFICATION BY PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN BRAZILIAN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Inuzuka Sayuri , Filho Gilberto Guimaraes , Vitorino Priscila , Barroso Adriana , Filho Robson Alves , Melo Victoria , Urzeda Luiz , Valle Deborah , Silva Eduarda , Mesquita Gustavo , Sousa Ana , Coca Antonio , Jardim Paulo , Sebba-Barroso Weimar 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Objetive: The number of asymptomatic hypertensive patients who already have subclinical injuries in the early stages of hypertensive disease is high and, generally, they are not identified by the traditional evaluation model. The use of Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors can improve risk stratification. The present study intends to perform the reclassification of cardiovascular risk according to the median Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) and correlate PWV with the intima-media thickness, with the left ventricular (LV) mass indexed and with microalbuminuria.

Design and method:

Design and method:
Multicenter analytical cross-sectional study of patients undergoing measurement of central and peripheral blood pressure parameters between October/2018 and March/2019. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and presence of carotid plaque, left ventricular mass indexed and microalbuminuria were also evaluated. Fisher’s test was applied to verify the association of cardiovascular risk reclassification by median PWV. Spearman’s correlation was used to correlate PWV with intima-media thickness, presence or absence of carotid plaque, microalbuminuria and indexed left ventricular mass. A significance level of 5% was adopted.

Results:

Results:
126 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 60.58 ± 10.51 years and 87 (69.95%) are women. When reclassified, there was an increase in the frequency of patients who moved from medium to high risk (p<0.001). A weak and positive correlation was identified between PWV and LV mass indexed (r = 0.304, p < 0.001) and with IMT (r = 0.30, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Conclusions:
The application of median PWV values is a simple and effective tool to reclassify intermediate-risk individuals to high-risk.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIRTH WEIGHT AND THE LEVEL OF VASCULAR STIFFNESS IN HELTHY YANG PEOPLE
Authors: Druzhinina Valery Natalya Podzolkov , Bragina Anna , Druzhinina Natalya , Milen Khalenyan , Anastasia Balutskaya , Vera Ananeva , Nadezhda Litvinenko , Selen Dishkaya 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
To study the effect of birth weight (BW) on ankle-brachial index (ABI) and augmentation index (AIp) levels in healthy young people.

Design and method:
We examined 298 young volunteers without significant clinical cardiovascular diseases (112 men and 186 women), mean age: 21,19 ± 2,24 years. The AIp was determined by photoplethysmography (AngioScan Professional-01, 2015, RF), ABI was determined using the MESI ABPI MD apparatus (2019, Slovenia). Statistical analysis was done using the Statistica 10.0 software.

Results:
All subjects were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (N = 30) persons with BW< 2500 g., group 2 (N = 236) - with a BW of 2550 to 5000 g., and group 3 (N = 32) with a BW > 5050 g., comparable in gender, age and smoking prevalence. ABI in group 1 (0.83 ± 0.06) and in group 3 (0.9 ± 0.07) was lower than in group 2 (1.08 ± 0.12, p < 0.05). A significantly higher AIp was revealed in group 1 (-12.1 ± 14.8%) and in group 3 (-13.7 ± 11.8%) when compared with group 2 (-19.14 ± 12.2%), p < 0.05. There were no differences between ABI and AIp levels in groups 1 and 3. Correlations were found between ABI and weight (R = -0.24, p > 0.05), the level of systolic blood pressure (R = -0.23, p > 0.05), AIp (R = -0.41, p > 0.05) and BW (R = 0.21, p > 0.05). In group 1 (R = 0.48, p > 0.05) and group 2 (R = 0.32, p > 0.05) correlations were found between ABI and BW, and therefore multivariate regression analysis of the influence of weight, smoking, BW, blood pressure on the ABI. Significant effects on ABI were provided by smoking (B = -0.21, Std.Err. of B = 0.02, p = 0.00001) and BW (B = 0.01, Std.Err. of B = 0.0001, p = 0.00000).

Conclusions:
BW is associated with the development of increased vascular stiffness at a young age. Not only with low BW (less than 2500 g), but also increased (more than 5050 g), statistically significantly lower ABI levels are determined.
THE IMPACT OF POLLUTION ON HYPERTENSION AND ECONOMY
Authors: De Rosa Maria Leonarda , Zuccarino Marta , Di Sarro Elena , Iovino Miriam Dafne , Spoleto Mariorosario , Ferrara Nicola 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
We investigated whether traffic-related air pollution and noise are associated with incident hypertension in Naples, Italy, our city. Given the pervasive nature and significant health effects of environmental noise pollution, the corresponding economic impacts may be substantial.

Design and method:
We included 102 study our ambulatory patients for air pollution effects. The economic assessment developed a new approach to estimate the impact of environmental noise on the prevalence and cost of key components of hypertension. Noise data our exposure estimates were derived from are > 30 years old.
We modelled concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < = 2,5 microm, PM2.5,< = 10microm, PM 10, > 2,5,and < = 10microm, PM coarse, soot,PM2.5 absorbance, and nitrogen oxides at the addresses of participants with land use regression. Residential exposure to traffic noise was modelled in according to the EU Directive 2002 /49 / EC.We assessed hypertension as self-reported and measured (systolic blood pressure = > 140 mmHg or diastolic BP = > 90 mmHg or intake of antihypertensive drugs We used Poisson regression to analyze associations of traffic-related exposures with incidence of hypertension, controlling for relevant confounders.

Results:
Among 102 participants free of self-reported hypertension at baseline, 11 incident cases occurred within 1–3 years of follow-up. Incidence of self-reported hypertension was positively associated with PM2.5 relative risk 1.22[95%-confidence interval:1.08; 1.37] per 5 microg/m³) and PM2.5 absorbance (relative risk 1.13[95%CI:1.02; 1.24]. These estimates decreased slightly upon adjustment for road traffic noise. Road traffic noise was weakly positively associated with the incidence of self-reported hypertension. Among 102 participants at risk, 34 new cases of measured hypertension occurred. We found no clear associations with measured hypertension. The analyses suggested that a 5-dB noise reduction scenario would reduce the Hypertension prevalence by 1.4%

Conclusions:
Long-term residential exposures to air pollution and noise are associated with increased incidence of self-reported hypertension. These findings suggest significant economic impacts from environmental noise-related cardiovascular disease. Given these initial findings, noise may deserve increased priority and research as an environmental health hazard.
RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN TUNISIAN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME PATIENTS
Authors: Chaabouni Khansa , Mezghani Chema , Smaoui Fatma , Khanfir Fatma , Frikha Madiha , Chaabene Kais , Elleuch Aida , Ayadi Fatma 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) causes many problems ranging from reproductive to cardiovascular pathology. High sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP-hs) has been proved to be one of the strongest predictors of cardiovascular risk events.

Objective:
to assess cardiovascular risk (CVR) in women with PCOS based on CRP-hs values.

Design and method:
women diagnosed with PCOS and age-matched controls were recruited in one year period. PCOS was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam 2003 criteria. Hormonal assessment was performed by electrochemiluminescence and CRP-hs by turbidimetry on cobas-Roche.
CVR was defined as “low” when CRP-hs <1 mg/L, “intermediate” when CRPhs 1–3 mg/L, “high” when CRPhs 3–8.5 mg/L, and “unspecific elevation” CRP-hs > 8.5 mg/L.

Results:
A total of 96 PCOS patients and 108 controls were enrolled. The mean age of patients was 25.67 ± 5.12 years and 28.89 ± 6.57 years for controls. CRP-hs was higher in PCOS compared with controls. In PCOS, 44% were at a low CVR, 31% at an intermediate CVR, and 25% at a high CVR. However, in controls, 58% of had low CVR, 26% intermediate CVR, and 16% high CVR.

Conclusions:
Cardiovascular risk seems to be higher in PCOS patients compared to controls. We suggest an early detection based on CRP-hs levels. Specific guidelines would be established for management of CVR in this young population.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NAFLD BIOCHEMICAL SCORES AND LEFT VENTRICULAR GEOMETRIC PATTERN IN NAÏVE ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Vacca Antonio , Catena Cristiana , Soardo Giorgio , Spagnol Francesca , Bulfone Luca , Candusso Giulia , Baiano Valeria , Scandolin Laura , Brosolo Gabriele , Da Porto Andrea , Donnini Debora , Colussi Gianluca , Cavarape Alessandro , Bertin Nicole , Vivarelli Cinzia , Sechi Leonardo 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The not alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. An hypothesis for this association could be the left ventricular (LV) geometric alteration sometime found in hypertension that is a known prognostic factor for cardiovascular events in hypertension. We searched for a relationship between biochemical scores of NAFLD and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) or LV geometric patterns changes in a large group of never treated essential hypertensive (EH) patients.

Design and method:
In 434 naïve (49 ± 14 years, 234 males) we evaluated BMI, waist circumference, liver steatosis at abdominal echography, the biochemical scores of liver steatosis: Liver Fat Score (LFS), Fatty Liver Index (FLI), Hepatic Steatosis Index (NAÏVE), and the fibrosis scores: NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS), APRI, FIB-4, parameters of glucose and insulin homeostasis, liver blood tests, lipids, platelets count, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), reactive C protein. LV mass and relative wall thickness was calculated with echocardiography. Patients were classified in 4 groups of LV geometry: 1 = LV normal geometry, 2 = LV concentric remodeling, 3 = concentric LVH, 4 = eccentric LVH.

Results:
A LVH was present in 17.3% of patients, and these patients had higher LFS (P < 0.001), FLI (P = 0.008), NAÏVE (P = 0.004) and NFS (P = 0.011) scores than patients without LVH. LVH was independently associated with the FLI score but not with fibrosis scores. The steatosis scores (LFS, NAÏVE, FLI) linearly increased across the four LV geometric patterns (P = 0.007, P = 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively). The fibrosis score NFS was significantly higher in subjects with concentric LVH (P = 0.041). The LFS was independently associated with BMI, GAUC, G120, and triglycerides levels. The NFS was independently associated with waist circumference, GFR and weakly with fasting glucose level. Ultrasound steatosis was not different among the four LV geometric patterns.

Conclusions:
In naïve EH patients the biochemical steatosis scores show a relationship with LVH and LV geometric changes, while fibrosis is associated with concentric LVH. An accurate investigation to reveal a NAFLD should be done in EH patients with altered LV geometry and to better understanding of mechanisms linking the two conditions.
RISK FACTORS FOR HOSPITALIZATION FOR A MAJOR ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENT AFTER ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY WITH FULL RECOVERY: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Mahmoud Nouha Ben , Hamouda Mouna , Maatoug Jihene , Salem Meriem Ben , Salah Manel Ben , Letaief Ahmed , Aloui Sabra , Skhiri Habib 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) was found to be associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the general population. We aim to evaluate the risk factors of patients having had an episode of AKI with full recovery exposing them to the risk of MACE

Design and method:
We conducted a retrospective single center study including all patients hospitalized in the nephrology ward since 2002 to 2015, which experienced an AKI episode with full recovery. AKI was defined according to KDIGO criteria. Our primary outcome was to identify risk factors in our population exposing them to MACE after AKI.

Results:
Our study included 107 men and 107 women with median age was 61 years. KDIGO stage 3 was the major stage (115 patients), 31 of whom required hemodialysis. Hypertension was found to be the major co morbidities in our population with 37.4% of patients followed by diabetes (32.2%). Median creatinine was 3.79 mg/l (1.26 – 34.57 mg/l). Most patients had anemia (65.4%).
Among 176 patients for whom we have followed up, in the short, medium and long term: 19, 20 and 2 patients had respectively developed a MACE. The characteristics of patients according to the occurrence of MACE or not are illustrated by the table 1
The risk factors found in our population were presence of co morbidities, vascular disease and anemia in univariate analysis and only anemia in multivariate analysis (table 2).
Patients with anemia and vascular disease had 2.4 times more the risk ti develop MACE after AKI with full recovery than patients without anemia and no past history of vascular disease

Conclusions:
Patients with anemia, past history of vascular disease are at risk of MACE after AKI with full recovery and those patients should be better monitored in the short, medium and long term. Our aim is to detect the MACE earlier so we decrease the cardiovascular mortality
ASSOCIATION OF SERUM URIC ACID WITH LEFT VENTRICLE, LEFT VENTRICULAR FILLING PRESSURE AND LEFT ATRIAL SIZE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITHOUT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Papavasileiou M.V. , Mytas D. , Karamanou A. , Moustakas G. , Aravantinos D. , Patsianis S. , Pittaras A. 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
The atherogenic and inflammatory effect of the serum uric acid, is evident, as well as its role and its significance in the endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular process.
The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between the serum uric acid levels with echo parameters that express the structure and function of left ventricle in hypertensive patients.

Design and method:
We studied 2841 hypertensive patients (54% female), treated (53%) or newly diagnosed untreated, of mean age: 57,9 ± 13.5 years, without any known cardiovascular disease and with mean office systolic/diastolic arterial blood pressure (S/DBPo): 147,9 ± 20.4/91.6 ± 13,1 mmHg, mean office heart rate (HRo): 75,3 ± 11,1 bpm, average body mass index (BMI): 28.3 ± 4,9 kg/m2and average waist circumference (WC) 96.1 ± 12.9 cm.
The levels of serum uric acid (SUA), urea and creatinine were recorded. eGFR was calculated according Cockcroft-Gault Equation.All studied patients underwent transthoracic Echo –Doppler ultrasound and left ventricular mass and mass index (mass/m2), left atrial diameter and volume index (N = 336) were measured. In a substudy population (N = 513) by transmitral tissue Doppler, mitral velocity was measured and filling pressure of left ventricle (e/e’) was calculated.
Using Pearson correlation method we correlated SUA with echo Doppler –tissue Doppler parameters

Results:
Table: Pearson correlation between serum uric acid levels and left ventricular mass index, left atrial diameter, left atrial volume index, filling pressure of left ventricle.

Conclusions:
In hypertensive patients treated or not, a significant positive correlation exists between SUA and parameters indicating structure and function of left ventricle, underlying the important meaning of uric acid in the configuration of left ventricle.
FLOW MEDIATED-DILATATION IS ALREADY ABNORMAL IN PRE-IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE (PRE-IGT) AND WITH NO CORRELATION WITH SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE AND DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: Salmon Jeannine Ann , Magbuhat Ann Lorraine , Guerrero-Sali Ruby Jane , Purino Francis , Macindo John Rey , Mercado-Asis Leilani 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Pre-impaired glucose tolerance (Pre-IGT) is a stage of compensatory hyperinsulinemia to maintain normoglycemia. It is the earliest stage of glucose dysmetabolism, where beta cells can still compensate for the insulin resistance thru hyperinsulinemia. Endothelial dysfunction is a critical part in the pathogenesis of macrovascular and microvascular chronic complications in type 2 diabetes, ordinarily due to uncontrolled hyperglycemia. In pre-IGT the main problem is hyperinsulinemia on a background of normal blood sugar. C-peptide, a segment cleaved off from pro-insulin is equimolar to insulin, and has shown to cause intima media thickening. This study was undertaken to determine endothelial function of patients with pre-IGT thru flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery and to correlate the FMD with the insulin level, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.

Design and method:
This is a cross-sectional analytical study of adult patients with risk factors for developing diabetes such as, having first-degree relative with diabetes, obesity, history of gestational diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Systolic and diastolic BP, BMI, 2-hour serum insulin, blood sugar, and lipids were determined. Patients with pre-IGT underwent brachial artery FMD.

Results:
Of the 27 subjects, 21 (77.8%) had pre-IGT. The mean oral glucose tolerance test at 2-hours post-prandial was normal at 109.53 mg/dL (SD = 30.26). Results of the laboratory tests were as follows: mean Hba1c and insulin at 2 hours were 5.34% (SD = 0.44) and 112.21 uIU/mL (SD = 111.24, normal range 2.60–24.90), respectively. Comparative analyses of the demographic and clinical profiles showed similar characteristics between the normoinsulinemic and the pre-IGT subjects (p > 0.05), although there were more with positive history of type 2 DM and obesity on the latter group. Systolic and diastolic BP levels were normal. Of the 27 subjects, four (4) had abnormal FMD which had a small positive correlation with thee insulin level, systolic BP, and diastolic BP, although not statistically significant (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Endothelial dysfunction has shown to exist already in the pre-IGT subjects depicted in the abnormality in the arterial flow-mediated dilatation study. Systolic BP and diastolic BP levels have not shown any significant correlation with the FMD finding, and the insulin level.
ACUTE ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN OBESE HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS – CAN WE CONSIDER A DIFFERENT APPROACH?
Authors: Duarte Fabiana , Santos Inês , Barrada Maria Inês , Oliveira Luís , Serena Cátia , Fontes António , Monteiro André , Machado Carina , Dourado Raquel , Santos Emília , Pelicano Nuno , Pacheco Miguel , Tavares Anabela , Martins Dinis 
Published: June 2022

Objective:
Several risk factors, including smoking habits, hypertension, obesity and diabetes, are negatively associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a serious problem associated with a high burden of cardiac disease.
To determine if obese hypertensive patients had a different clinical presentation and/or a poorer outcome, mainly related to hemorrhagic complications and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Design and method:
Retrospective single center cohort study enrolled 121 patients with STEMI diagnosis, admitted to our intensive unit care. In-hospital hemorrhagic complications (IHHC) included intracerebral hemorrhage, resulting in hemodynamic compromise or requiring a blood transfusion were accessed. MACE was a composite endpoint of in-hospital cardiovascular death and sustained ventricular arrhythmic events.

Results:
The mean age was 58.3 ± 12.7 years and 102 were male (84.3%). Thirty-six patients (29.8%) were overweight and twenty-four (19.8%) were obese. Hypertension was more prevalent in women (84.2% vs. 47.1%, respectively; p 0.003) and also diabetes (42.1% vs. 13.8%, respectively; p 0.021). Obese hypertensive patients were mainly women (52.6% vs. 27.5%; p 0.030). There were no statistically differences in other comorbidities between genders.
All obese hypertensive patients were medicated for hypertension, 15 (39.5%) with one drug and 7 (18.4%) with two drugs. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) at presentation was 126 ± 2.3 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure was 78.5 ± 1.5 mmHg. Obese hypertensive patients had higher blood pressure values (SBP mean 136 ± 33 mmHg), but no differences in symptoms (p 0.20) or Killip-Kimball classification (p 0.93) were evident.
Regarding to in-hospital hemorrhagic complications, females had a statistically significant higher risk (22.2% vs. 7.1%, p 0.045), but it was independent of other comorbidities, including hypertension, obesity or diabetes (r = 0.249; ANOVA p-value < 0.005).
In the subset of obese hypertensive patients, no differences in IHHC (p 0.56) or MACE (p 0.18) were detected.

Conclusions:
Obese hypertensive patients were mainly women medicated with one drug. Despite higher blood pressure values, this group had similar outcomes, including hemorrhagic events. The authors advocate that a good control of risk factors is crucial to minimize their impact on clinical outcomes.