bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Advances in Meerwein-type Radical Alkene Functionalizations
Authors: Heinrich Markus R. , Diesendorf Nina 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlkene functionalizations via Meerwein arylations are becoming increasingly attractive, especially since a variety of mild and sustainable methods for aryl radical generation are available today. This entails a broad spectrum of substrates and radical scavengers, as well as convenient synthetic routes to relevant precursors for further transformations. The present review focuses on recent advances in Meerwein-type alkene functionalizations and gives insights into the key mechanistic details of the respective reactions.1	Introduction2	Hydroarylation and Carboarylation3	Carboamination, Carbooxygenation, and Carbothiolation4	Carbohalogenation5	Conclusion and Outlook
Effect of Surgical Approach on Length of Stay, Cost, and Early Complication Rate in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Campbell Joshua C. , Rajaee Sean S. , Palosaari Andrew A. , Ju Derek , Moon Charles , Paiement Guy , Penenberg Brad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a historically popular and successful operation. While many steps of the operation are consistent between practitioners, discussion around which approach constitutes the “best” approach for routine, primary THA remains an open question.
Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the surgical approach on hospital length of stay (LOS), hospital costs, and complication rates. A multisurgeon review of a single hospital was conducted to evaluate three surgical approaches: superior (SA), posterior (PA), and direct anterior (DAA).
Methods All elective primary THAs performed between July 2013 and July 2016 were reviewed in an administrative database. Two surgeons performed SA, three surgeons performed PA, and two surgeons performed DAA. A total of 1,799 arthroplasties were analyzed: 980 (SA), 685 (PA), and 134 (DAA). Multivariate logistic, Poisson, and linear regression models were used to calculate the effects of each approach on LOS, cost, and per cent discharge home while adjusting for age, severity of illness scores, obesity, and smoking.
Results After adjusting for patient characteristics, mean LOS for SA (1.8 days) was lower than both PA (2.4, p < 0.001) and DAA (2.9, p < 0.001), and PA (2.4) was lower than DAA (2.9, p < 0.001). Mean hospital costs were lower for SA than PA ($738 difference, p < 0.001) and DAA ($2,222 difference, p < 0.001), and PA was lower than DAA ($1,420 difference, p < 0.001). Both SA (88.7%) and PA (86.1%) were associated with a higher rate of discharge to home than DAA (78.4%, p = 0.002, p < 0.001, respectively). SA and PA were associated with a lower 30-day readmission (1.3%) compared with DAA (5.2%, p < 0.001) with no difference in 90-day readmissions seen.
Conclusion When controlling for patient factors, the SA was associated with a decreased LOS, decreased costs, and increased likelihood of discharge home compared with both the PA and DAA with no increase in 90-day readmissions.
Stability with a Constrained Posterior Stabilized Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Does Not Compromise Durability
Authors: Yohe Nicholas , Vanderbrook Douglas J. , Sherman Alain E. , Papas Paraskevi Vivian , Scuderi Giles R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) in cases of complex deformity (e.g., ligamentous laxity, posttraumatic arthritis) may require prostheses with inherent varus–valgus stability greater than that of traditional posterior stabilized or cruciate-retaining implants. Here, we investigate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of TKA using a midlevel constraint (MLC) prosthesis. A retrospective review of 53 patients (62 knees) who underwent primary TKA with an MLC implant was performed. Short tibial stem extensions were utilized in 49 knees, and 13 knees received no stem extension. Mean follow-up time was 31.6 months (standard deviation [SD] = 10.0, range = 24–53). Preoperative and postoperative range of motion (ROM) were assessed. Plain radiographs were reviewed for alignment, radiolucent lines, component loosening, and osteolysis. Patients who developed postoperative arthrofibrosis underwent manipulation under anesthesia (MUA). Failure was defined as instability, component loosening, or need for revision surgery. Mean ROM significantly improved from 114.1 degrees (SD = 19.7 degrees) preoperatively to 123.5 degrees (SD = 12.2 degrees) at final follow-up (t = −3.43, p = 0.001). Thirty-seven knees initially presented with varus deformity (mean = 7.5 degrees, SD = 4.8 degrees), whereas 23 had valgus deformity (mean = 10.6 degrees, SD = 6.5 degrees), and 2 knees had neutral alignment. Following surgery, mean alignment was 4.3 degrees valgus (SD = 1.7 degrees, range = 0–8 degrees), representing a statistically significant improvement (t = 5.29, p < 0.001). Six patients (9.7%) developed arthrofibrosis requiring MUA, which was irrespective of baseline ROM (p = 0.92) and consistent with 12% incidence reported in the literature. There were no significant differences in postoperative ROM (t = 0.38, p = 0.71), alignment (t = −0.22, p = 0.83), or incidence of arthrofibrosis (χ2 = 0.07, p = 0.79) between short-stemmed and nonstemmed implants. There was no radiographic evidence of radiolucent lines, component loosening, or osteolysis in any patients. No patients required revision surgery. Use of an MLC prosthesis with primary femoral component in TKA resulted in satisfactory clinical and radiographic results with no evidence of component loosening, osteolysis, instability, or need for revision at minimum 2-year follow-up.
Survival Analysis of Surgically Resected ypN2 Lung Cancer after Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: İşgörücü Özgür , Citak Necati 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction Surgery is widely accepted today when downstaging of mediastinal lymph nodes after neoadjuvant therapy is achieved. However, the role of surgery in patients with persistent N2 disease is still controversial. This study aims to detail the diagnostic problems, prognostic features, and long-term survival of the persistent N2 non-small cell lung cancer patient group.
Patients and Methods One-hundred fifty patients who received neoadjuvant therapy and subsequently underwent resection, in-between 2003 and 2015, were retrospectively analyzed. In this study, “persistent N2” group refers to patients who received neoadjuvant therapy for clinically or histologically proven N2, who underwent a surgery after having been classified as “downstaged” at restaging, but in whom ypN2 lesions were subsequently confirmed on the operative specimens. Patients with multistation N2 were included in the study. There were 119 patients who met the criteria, whereas persistent ypN2 was detected in 28.5% (n = 34) of all patients.
Results Overall 5-year survival rate was 47.2%, while it was 23.4% for patients with persistent N2. Factors that adversely affected survival were to have nonsquamous cell histological type (p = 0.006), high ypT stage (p = 0.001), persistent N2 (p = 0.02), and recurrence during follow-up (p < 0.001). A trend toward a shorter survival was observed when the ypN2 zone was subcarinal versus other zones, but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.08). In addition, a trend toward a shorter survival of patients with multiple N2 involvement (p = 0.412) was observed.
Conclusion In the persistent N2 group, when multiple involvement or subcarinal involvement was excluded, relatively good survival was detected.
The networked researcher, the editorial manager, and the traveller: the profiles of international political scientists and the determinants of internationalisation
Authors: Tronconi Filippo , Engeli Isabelle 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe concept of internationalisation, when referring to the work of social scientists within academic institutions, takes on different meanings and involves different activities. This contribution aims to shed light on the international activities of political scientists across Europe and to investigate the various meanings and practices of internationalisation. The analysis relies on the PROSEPS survey, involving some 1,800 political scientists across 37 European countries. We identify three distinct profiles of international scholars: the networked researcher, the editorial manager, and the traveller. These profiles differ according to 1) the building of international research networks, 2) the involvement in the activities of the international publishing industry, 3) the research and teaching exchanges with foreign academic institutions. Determinants, such as gender, family status, career stage, availability of institutional and financial support, and geographical location, are considered as potential drivers or inhibitors of internationalisation. Our analysis shows that the internationalisation of academic practices follows contrasting paths according to the type of international profile.
X-ray zooming microscopy with two Fresnel zone plates
Authors: Wakabayashi Daisuke , Suzuki Yoshio , Shibazaki Yuki , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Hirano Keiichi , Nishimura Ryutaro , Hyodo Kazuyuki , Igarashi Noriyuki , Funamori Nobumasa 
Published: March 2022

We propose a variable-magnification full-field x-ray microscope using two Fresnel zone plates (FZPs). By moving the positions of the two FZPs, the magnification can be continuously changed even if the sample and camera positions are fixed. It was demonstrated that the magnification can be changed in the range of 25–150× using a hard x-ray beam at 14.4 keV. Using the first FZP as a convex lens and the second FZP as a concave lens, high magnification can be achieved at a short camera length. Even under the condition of a camera length of about 7 m, a magnification higher than 300× was achieved, and a line and space pattern with a pitch of 40 nm was observed at 10 keV. By inserting a knife edge at an appropriate position in the optical system, a phase-contrast image can be easily obtained, which is useful for soft-tissue observation of biological samples.
What do Abelian categories form?
Authors: Kaledin D. B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Given two finitely presentable Abelian categories

and

, we outline a construction of an Abelian category of functors from

to

, which has nice 2-categorical properties and provides an explicit model for a stable category of stable functors between the derived categories of

and

. The construction is absolute, so it makes it possible to recover not only Hochschild cohomology but also Mac Lane cohomology.
Bibliography: 29 titles.
Spectrum of the Laplace operator on closed surfaces
Authors: Popov D. A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA survey is given of classical and relatively recent results on the distribution of the eigenvalues of the Laplace operator on closed surfaces. For various classes of metrics the dependence of the behaviour of the second term in Weyl’s formula on the geometry of the geodesic flow is considered. Various versions of trace formulae are presented, along with ensuing identities for the spectrum. The case of a compact Riemann surface with the Poincaré metric is considered separately, with the use of Selberg’s formula. A number of results on the stochastic properties of the spectrum in connection with the theory of quantum chaos and the universality conjecture are presented.Bibliography: 51 titles.
Integrating topic modeling and word embedding to characterize violent deaths
Authors: Arseniev-Koehler Alina , Cochran Susan D. , Mays Vickie M. , Chang Kai-Wei , Foster Jacob G. 
Published: March 2022

Significance
We introduce an approach to identify latent topics in large-scale text data. Our approach integrates two prominent methods of computational text analysis: topic modeling and word embedding. We apply our approach to written narratives of violent death (e.g., suicides and homicides) in the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS). Many of our topics reveal aspects of violent death not captured in existing classification schemes. We also extract gender bias in the topics themselves (e.g., a topic about long guns is particularly masculine). Our findings suggest new lines of research that could contribute to reducing suicides or homicides. Our methods are broadly applicable to text data and can unlock similar information in other administrative databases.
Black Lives Matter protests shift public discourse
Authors: Dunivin Zackary Okun , Yan Harry Yaojun , Ince Jelani , Rojas Fabio 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceThis study uses large-scale news media and social media data to show that nationwide Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests occur concurrently with sharp increases in public attention to components of the BLM agenda. We also show that attention to BLM and related concepts is not limited to these brief periods of protest but is sustained after protest has ceased. This suggests that protest events incited a change in public awareness of BLM’s vision of social change and the dissemination of antiracist ideas into popular discourse.
Strategic identity signaling in heterogeneous networks
Authors: van der Does Tamara , Galesic Mirta , Dunivin Zackary Okun , Smaldino Paul E. 
Published: March 2022

SignificanceMuch of online conversation today consists of signaling one’s political identity. Although many signals are obvious to everyone, others are covert, recognizable to one’s ingroup while obscured from the outgroup. This type of covert identity signaling is critical for collaborations in a diverse society, but measuring covert signals has been difficult, slowing down theoretical development. We develop a method to detect covert and overt signals in tweets posted before the 2020 US presidential election and use a behavioral experiment to test predictions of a mathematical theory of covert signaling. Our results show that covert political signaling is more common when the perceived audience is politically diverse and open doors to a better understanding of communication in politically polarized societies.
Dual-function Spot 42 RNA encodes a 15–amino acid protein that regulates the CRP transcription factor
Authors: Aoyama Jordan J. , Raina Medha , Zhong Aoshu , Storz Gisela 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Dual-function RNAs base pair with target messenger RNAs as small regulatory RNAs and encode small protein regulators. However, only a limited number of these dual-function regulators have been identified. In this study, we show that a well-characterized base-pairing small RNA surprisingly also encodes a 15–amino acid protein. The very small protein binds the cyclic adenosine monophosphate receptor protein transcription factor to block activation of some promoters, raising the question of how many other transcription factors are modulated by unidentified small proteins.
Developing an empirically-driven aural multiple-choice DCT for conventional expressions in L2 pragmatics
Authors: Bardovi-Harlig Kathleen , Su Yunwen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper reports on the development of an aural multiple-choice discourse completion task (aural MC-DCT) for use with EFL learners for large-scale instructional needs assessment. The original version of the aural MC-DCT and an oral DCT were administered to 134 EFL learners from three universities in China. The aural MC-DCT was revised based on the results of the initial administration and completed by 251 EFL students and 89 native speakers of American English in a second administration. Both versions of the task used learner-generated options. The first version used digital files of learner production from an earlier oral DCT taken by ESL learners; the second version re-recorded the learner-produced options using native speakers of American English. The results from the second version show that the aural MC-DCT is a feasible format for exploring learner knowledge of conventional expressions by comparing learner selections to production on the oral DCT, which has been established as a reliable measure of L2 English conventional expressions. The aural MC-DCT provides teachers with a practical alternative to the transcription and analysis required by the oral DCT, allowing them to easily assess knowledge of target conventional expressions and preferred alternatives in order to facilitate decisions about instruction.
The relationship between training characteristics and durability in professional cyclists across a competitive season
Authors: Spragg James , Leo Peter , Swart Jeroen 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the influence of training characteristics on the fatigued power profile in professional cyclists. Data was collected from 30 under 23 professional cyclists (age: 20.1 ± 1.1 years, body mass: 69 ± 6.9 kg, height: 182.6 ± 6.2 cm, O2max: 73.8 ± 2.5 mL·kg−1·min−1, CP: 5.48 ± 0.38 W·kg−1, W´: 17.83 ± 3.57 kJ) across a competitive season and collated in to 3 periods: early‐, mid‐ and late‐season. Two power profiles (fresh and fatigued) were created from absolute (W) and relative (W·kg−1) 2‐, 5‐, and 12‐min maximal mean power outputs. The fresh power profile consisted exclusively of power output values produced prior to 2000 kJ work (2MMPfresh, 5MMPfresh and 12MMPfresh) while the fatigued power profile consisted of power output values produced exclusively post 2000 kJ (2MMPfatigue 5MMPfatigue and 12MMPfatigue). Training characteristics were analysed to assess their influence on the power profiles. Absolute 5MMPfatigue, 12MMPfatigue and relative 12MMPfatigue were significantly lower in late‐season compared with early‐ and mid‐season (p < 0.05). The difference in absolute 12MMPfresh and 12MMPfatigue was significantly greater in late than in early‐ and mid‐season. A significant relationship was found between training time below the first ventilatory threshold (Time < VT1) and improvements in absolute and relative 2MMPfatigue (r = 0.43 p = 0.018 and r = 0.376 p = 0.04 respectively); and between a shift towards a polarized training intensity distribution and improvements in absolute and relative 12MMPfatigue (r = 0.414 p = 0.023 for both) between subsequent periods. In conclusion, there is greater variability in the fatigue power profile across a competitive season than the fresh power profile.Highlights
The fatigued power profile varies throughout a competitive season
The difference between the fresh and fatigued power profiles is not fixed across a competitive season
A tendency towards a polarized training intensity distribution is associated with an improvement in the fatigue power profile
The Yukawa interaction in ordinary quantum mechanics
Authors: Schubring Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Yukawa interaction is considered in 0 + 1 dimensions as a pedagogical example to illustrate quantum field theory methods. From the quantum mechanical point of view the system is trivially exactly solvable, but this can be difficult to see from the path integral perspective. It is shown how despite initial appearances the perturbation series in terms of Feynman diagrams is consistent with the quantum mechanical picture for finite temperature.
Micromechanical resonant cantilever sensors actuated by fringing electrostatic fields
Authors: Krakover Naftaly , Ilic B Robert , Krylov Slava 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We report on the architecture and operational principle of a resonant cantilever-type displacement sensor. The device is actuated electrostatically by a side electrode that is coplanar with the cantilever and by a gap-closing electrode positioned underneath the beam. The unique electrode geometry combined with the appropriate actuating voltages allows positioning of the cantilever in close proximity to the bistability threshold, where the frequency sensitivity to the electrode displacement is enhanced. Using a reduced order model backed by numerical simulations, the dependencies of the device frequency on the beam’s deflections and the actuation voltages were mapped. We show wide-range tunability that spans a range between softening and hardening behavior. We demonstrate displacement sensing using fabricated single crystal silicon ≈2000 µm long, ≈5 µm thick cantilevers. When compared to a resonant cantilever sensor actuated solely by a gap-closing electrode, measurements from our fringing field actuated devices show a four times higher sensitivity of ≈98 Hz µm−1. The suggested approach may find applications in a broad range of micro and potentially nano-scale applications including resonant inertial, force, mass and bio-sensors.
An electrochemical biosensor with integrated microheater to improve the sensitivity of electrochemical nucleic acid biosensors
Authors: Akcakoca Iremnur , Ghorbanpoor Hamed , Blair Ewen , Ozturk Yasin , Norouz Dizaji Araz , Kocagoz Tanil , Avci Huseyin , Corrigan Damion , Dogan Guzel Fatma 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is often used for biomolecular detection based on the interaction of a molecule with a receptor functionalised electrode surface and consequent impedance change. Though its performance is well established, there is still a need for improved sensitivity and specificity, especially when attempting to detect nucleic acids from clinical samples with minimal amplification steps. Localised heating is a potential approach for improving nucleic hybridisation rates and reducing non-specific interactions, and thereby producing high sensitivity and selectivity. The aim of the study was therefore to develop a microheater surrounding Au thin film electrodes, an integrated hybrid chip, for detecting genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with enhanced sensitivity. The performance of the integrated hybrid chip was determined using the changes in the charge transfer resistance (R
ct) upon DNA hybridisation using probe sequences for M. tuberculosis. Heat transfer within the system was simulated by using COMSOL Multiphysics as a mathematical modelling tool. When a temperature of 50 °C was applied to the microheater during DNA hybridisation steps, R
ct values (which were indicative of DNA–DNA hybridisation) increased 236% and 90% as opposed to off-chip non-heated experiments and off-chip heated experiments. It is concluded from these observations that the microheater indeed can significantly improve the performance of the nucleic acid hybridisation assay and paves the way for the development of highly sensitive and specific integrated label-free biosensors.