bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WINNETOU, WHITE INNOCENCE, AND SETTLER TIME
Authors: Gallagher Maureen O. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractProclaiming ‘every generation has its Winnetou’, German network RTL ushered in the return of Winnetou to German television in 2016 with a big‐budget film trilogy, Winnetou – Der Mythos Lebt. This article analyses the Winnetou film trilogy in dialogue with Karl May's original 1893 novels and the 1960s West German westerns using the concepts of settler time and white innocence. It brings a critical focus on race that is lacking in much existing scholarship on May, showing how whiteness functions in the Winnetou franchise as a structuring principle. In the new Winnetou, the blood brotherhood between the white German Old Shatterhand and the Mescalero Apache Winnetou becomes a way of forging connections not only across cultures but across temporal lines, allowing for the imposition of settler time onto Indigenous persons and the erasure of Indigenous sovereignty and survival in order to centre a narrative of German innocence and reinscribe fantasies of white conquest in the American West.
Patients with previous immediate hypersensitivity reactions to polyethylene glycol can safely receive the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine
Authors: Hurst Miriam , Jordan Anthony , Capstick Janice , Brewerton Maia , Cockroft Ruellyn , Ingram Joan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPrevious anaphylaxis or immediate allergic reaction to polyethylene glycol (PEG; also known as macrogol) is considered a contraindication to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine, which contains 50 ug of PEG at a molecular weight of 2000, and this component is thought to account for the higher rate of anaphylaxis seen with this vaccine (4.7 per million doses) than with other non‐mRNA vaccines. However, there is evidence that both anaphylaxis to PEG and anaphylaxis to the Pfizer COVID‐19 reaction may not be IgE‐mediated, with patients with anaphylaxis to first dose of the Pfizer COVID‐19 vaccine receiving their second dose of vaccine without no or milder reactions in a high‐risk clinic setting. In New Zealand, non‐PEG‐containing COVID‐19 vaccines were not available until late 2021. Therefore, we offered patients with known or suspected PEG anaphylaxis their first dose of Pfizer COVID‐19 vaccine in a high‐risk hospital clinic. Eleven patients with previous hypersensitivity to PEG (including eight with anaphylaxis) successfully received their first dose with mild or no reactions; all have now had their second doses in the community without significant reaction. Record review also showed that most patients with previous hypersensitivity reactions to pegylated asparaginase have also been successfully vaccinated. This demonstrates that previous PEG hypersensitivity, including anaphylaxis, does not exclude immunisation with the Pfizer COVID‐19 vaccine.
The prevalence of general obesity, abdominal obesity, and hypertension and its related risk factors among young adult students in Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Nurshad , Mahmud Firoz , Akter Syeda Ayshia , Islam Shiful , Sumon Abu Hasan , Barman Dhirendra Nath , Islam Farjana 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular disease and related mortality worldwide. The presence of general and abdominal obesity in hypertensive individuals increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. However, evidence on the burden of obesity and hypertension and associated factors are lacking or limited among young adult students in Bangladesh. This study measured the prevalence and factors associated with general and abdominal obesity and hypertension among university students in Bangladesh. In this study, a total of 1011 students (647 males and 364 females) were enrolled on nine public universities in eight divisional regions of Bangladesh. Data were collected on socio‐demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle in a questionnaire form. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of general obesity, abdominal obesity and hypertension with different factors. The prevalence of general obesity, abdominal obesity and hypertension was 8.3%, 20.7%, and 10.2%, respectively. The females had a higher prevalence of general obesity (8.8%) and abdominal obesity (26.3%) compared to the males (8.0% and 17.7%, respectively). However, a higher prevalence of hypertension was observed in males (12.2%) than in the female (6.1%) patients. In regression analysis, age showed a significant association with general obesity, whereas, age and female sex were significantly associated with abdominal obesity. The analysis also identified the male sex and high BMI as the increased risk factors for hypertension. Our study suggests a comprehensive screening program and campaigns to increase awareness about obesity and hypertension and its risk factors among young adults in Bangladesh.
The role of HPV in keratinocyte skin cancer development: A systematic review
Authors: Neagu Nicoleta , Dianzani Caterina , Venuti Aldo , Bonin Serena , Voidăzan Septimiu , Zalaudek Iris , Conforti Claudio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractKeratinocyte skin cancers are the most frequent malignancy, accounting for approximately 30% of all cancers. Although beta genus HPV are the main etiologic agents for squamous cell carcinoma development in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis and organ transplant recipients, their role in non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) progression in the general population remains controversial. The aim of our review is to summarize current scientific data and to systematically analyse evidence regarding the role of HPV in keratinocyte skin cancers. A total of 2284 patients were included, of which 724 with actinic keratoses, 290 with Bowen's disease, 949 with cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and 321 with keratoacanthomas. In the case of actinic keratoses, the majority were positive for beta (n = 372, 58.49%) and gamma HPV (n = 256, 40.25%) and only a few (n = 6, 0.94%) were positive for alpha subtypes. Similarly, most of the cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas were positive for beta (n = 248, 55.98%) and gamma HPV (n = 172, 33.82%) and 23 cases (2.42%) were positive for alpha subtypes. Bowen's disease lesions were mostly positive for beta (n = 43, 55.84%) and alpha HPV (n = 30, 38.96%), in contrast to the gamma genus (n = 4, 5.19%). Keratoacanthomas showed a high distribution among beta genus (n = 79, 50.31%) and an equal proportion between alpha (n = 39, 24.84%) and gamma (n = 39, 24.84%) genera. Studies published so far identifying HPV in keratinocyte skin cancers reflect the difference in detection methods rather than a type‐specific tendency towards either actinic keratoses, Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinoma or keratoacanthoma. On the other hand, recent evidence regarding the role of HPV vaccination in patients with non‐melanoma skin cancer brings into perspective the idea of a beta‐HPV vaccine or a combined alpha and beta‐HPV vaccine that could be used as an adjuvant treatment measure in patients with recalcitrant non‐melanoma skin cancer.
Evaluation of the membrane damage mechanism of chlorogenic acid against Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus a simulation study on antibacterial growth in food
Authors: Tian Lu , Liao Sichen , Guo Wenyao , Wang Xuyang , Wu Mi , Xue Zhifei , Yang Siqi , Fu Jiapeng , Liu Zhiqiang , Gong Guoli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the mechanism of membrane damage by chlorogenic acid (CA) on Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus and to apply it to milk and pork to evaluate whether CA could prolong their shelf life. A broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CA on B. cereus and M. luteus. In addition, the physiological changes and morphology of B. cereus and M. luteus after CA treatment were explored using membrane potential, intracellular ATP concentration, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG‐SEM). The results showed that the MIC value of CA on both B. cereus and M. luteus was 2.5 mg/ml. The abnormal changes in membrane potential and the decrease of intracellular ATP concentration indicated that CA affected the membrane integrity of B. cereus and M. luteus. Observation by FEG‐SEM showed that CA ruptured the cell membrane of B. cereus and M. luteus, causing the contents to flow out, and giving the cells a concave morphology. Finally, growth inhibition models of CA on B. cereus in skim milk and M. luteus in pork were developed using response surface methodology. The results demonstrated that 2.5 mg/ml of CA significantly inhibited the growth of B. cereus in skim milk and of M. luteus in pork. Therefore, CA can be used as a natural antimicrobial agent to prolong the shelf life of milk and pork.
Theory‐Guided Remote Cooperative Learning‐Based Preventive Dental Education as Part of the School Curriculum
Authors: Mesbahi Aida , von Bergmann HsingChi , Yen Edwin H. K. , Mostafa Nesrine , Soheilipour Shimae , Aleksejuniene Jolanta 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDOral health is fundamental to overall well‐being. As teens are at high risk for tooth decay, we require a unique approach to motivate them to maintain oral health.METHODSSixty‐four adolescents (10‐13 years) were recruited from 2 schools. Oral health education was based on cooperative learning guided by the social determination theory (SDT) principles. Students' oral health knowledge and oral self‐care skills were assessed at baseline (before education), 3 weeks, and 6 months after the education.RESULTSComplete data were available for 51 students (follow‐up rate 79.7%). There were significant (p < 0.001) changes in the mean (SD) toothbrushing score from 10.1 (±6.3) (baseline) to 26.5 (±6.0) (follow‐up 1) and to 28.1 (±5.3) (follow‐up 2). The mean (SD) tooth brushing time significantly (p < 0.001) increased from the baseline of 84.0 (±43.5) to the first follow‐up to 107.0 (±39.8) and to 102.3 (±33.1) at the second follow‐up. The mean (SD) diet knowledge scores significantly (p < 0.001) increased from 8.2 (±2.1) at the baseline to 10.2 (±2.7) at the first follow‐up and remained the same at the second follow‐up.CONCLUSIONSocial determination theory‐guided cooperative learning was efficient in improving student oral health‐related knowledge and oral self‐care skills, and this improvement was maintained for 6 months after the discontinued education.
Application of gamma radiation in the beef texture development during accelerated aging
Authors: Rodrigues Lorena Mendes , Guimarães Angélica Sousa , de Lima Ramos Johnathan , de Almeida Torres Filho Robledo , Fontes Paulo Rogério , de Lemos Souza Ramos Alcinéia , Ramos Eduardo Mendes 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation (3 kGy) on the quality of post‐rigor beef (M. longissimus lumborum) aged for up to 21 days at different temperatures (1, 7, and 15°C). Irradiation reduced the mesophilic and lactic acid bacteria counts, which were higher in the non‐irradiated samples aged at 7 and 15°C. The water retention capacity was lower in the irradiated beef, resulting in higher values of exudation and cooking losses. High aging temperatures increased the exudation loss and myofibrillar proteolysis (lower fragmentation index; FI) and reduced the total and insoluble collagen contents and the beef Warner‐Bratzler square Shear Force (WBsSF). However, irradiated beef had higher FI and SF than non‐irradiated ones, increasing the time required for the beef tenderizing. Gamma irradiation (3 kGy) can be used to ensure the microbiological safety during short storage at high temperatures (up to 15°C) in order to accelerate the process of beef tenderizing.
Large scale systemic control short‐circuits pathogen transmission by interrupting the sand rat (Psammomys obesus)‐to‐sand fly (Phlebotomus papatasi) Leishmania major transmission cycle
Authors: Tsurim Ido , Wasserberg Gideon , Warburg Alon , Abbasi Ibrahim , Ben Natan Gil , Abramsky Zvika 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSystemic control uses the vertebrate hosts of zoonotic pathogens as “Trojan horses,” killing blood‐feeding female vectors and short‐circuiting host‐to‐vector pathogen transmission. Previous studies focused only on the effect of systemic control on vector abundance at small spatial scales. None were conducted at a spatial scale relevant for vector control and none on the effect of systemic control on pathogen transmission rates. We tested the application of systemic control, using Fipronil‐impregnated rodent baits, in reducing Leishmania major (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae; Yakimoff & Schokhor, 1914) infection levels within the vector, Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae; Scopoli, 1786) population, at the town‐scale. We provided Fipronil‐impregnated food‐baits to all Psammomys obesus (Mammalia:Muridae; Cretzschmar, 1828), the main L. major reservoir, burrows along the southern perimeter of the town of Yeruham, Israel, and compared sand fly abundance and infection levels with a non‐treated control area. We found a significant and substantial treatment effect on L. major infection levels in the female sand fly population. Sand fly abundance was not affected. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of systemic control in reducing pathogen transmission rates at a large, epidemiologically relevant, spatial scale.
Patellar Tendon Reconstruction Using Autologous Hamstring Tendons for the Treatment of Extensive Patellar Tendon Ossification
Authors: Liu Qian , Tang Dezhou , Zhu Weihong , Chen Yueming 
Published: August 2022

BackgroundExtensive patellar tendon ossification is very uncommon and requires surgical intervention when ossification significantly affects knee function. While various approaches and grafts are available for reconstructing ruptured patellar tendons, there is a paucity of literature regarding the management of joint ankylosis due to severely ossified patellar tendons.Case PresentationThis is a case involving an extensively ossified patellar tendon after patellar and tibial tuberosity fracture fixation. Reconstruction of the patellar tendon was performed using ipsilateral semitendinosus and gracilis autografts. At the latest follow‐up of 12 months, the patient achieved knee flexion up to 120° with a slight extension lag and resumed daily activities.ConclusionsAutograft hamstring reconstruction of the patellar tendon is suitable for extensive heterotopic ossification of the patellar tendon, resulting in significant improvement in postoperative knee function. Similar patients may be referred for this reconstruction technique.
Psychosocial impact of structured transfer of adolescents with kidney transplants to adult services: An interventional national cohort study
Authors: Kocjančič Daša , Battelino Nina , Oblak Manca , Novljan Gregor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPediatric kidney transplantation entails a well‐timed transition from pediatric to adult medical care. We aimed to construct a structured transition protocol and evaluate its impact on transfer‐related psychosocial problems in Slovenian patients with kidney transplants.MethodsIndividual transition‐related perceptions of our patients and their parents were first assessed, and the gathered information was used to establish a country‐specific transition protocol. Eleven kidney transplant patients qualified for actual transfer and were considered for further analysis. Comprehension and attitude towards transfer, coping strategies, personality resilience, behavioral, and emotional problems were assessed using questionnaires and established psychological tools before and after the completed transfer. The results were compared and analyzed.ResultsTen of the eleven eligible patients were transferred to adult services between April 2020 and January 2021. The median age at enrollment was 19.7 years (range: 18.2–22.8 years). The most frequent concerns regarding upcoming health care were worse accessibility (50%), less supportive and less committed healthcare providers (40%), and deterioration of medical condition (10.0%). After the completed protocol‐guided transfer, the patients declared to have no further concerns or worries. Before transfer, 28.9% of the patients' responses rated the amount and relevance of received information and counseling as “Adequate” or “Very adequate,” whereas, after the transfer, the proportion of positive responses increased to 48.9%. Anxiety and withdrawn depressive symptoms were the predominant emotional problems before transfer. Their prevalence decreased after the completed transfer.ConclusionsOur results suggest that transfer‐related anxieties and concerns can be significantly reduced by applying a structured transition protocol in transplant patients.
Natural Selection's Explanatory Scope
Authors: McLoone Brian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere are ongoing debates in philosophy of biology about what falls within natural selection's explanatory scope. These include debates about whether selection can explain individual‐level traits, the extent to which selection can explain distributions of trait frequencies, and whether selection can explain the origin of novel traits. Here I'll survey these debates, suggest which views seem most plausible, and describe some useful conceptual frameworks for thinking about the issues involved.
Presence of ginsenoside re during in vitro maturation protects porcine oocytes from heat stress
Authors: Liu Shuang , Ju An‐qi , Duan Ao‐yi , Zhan Cheng‐lin , Gao Le‐peng , Ma Xin , Yang Shu‐bao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHeat stress (HS) affects the development of porcine gametes and embryos negatively, induces the decrease of reproductive ability significantly, threatens global pig production. Ginsenoside Re (GRe), is a main bioactive component of ginseng, shows very specific anti‐apoptotic, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. To investigate the alleviating effect of GRe on the in vitro maturation of porcine oocyte under the HS, the polar body extrusion rate, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH), ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were assessed. For the current study, porcine cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) randomly divided into four groups: the control, GRe, HS and HS + GRe group. The results showed that HS inhibited the cumulus cell expansion and polar body extrusion rate, the levels of GSH and MMP, the ATP content, the gene expression of Nrf2 of porcine oocytes and the parthenogenetic activation (PA) embryo development competence, but GRe treatment could partly neutralize these adverse effects. Furthermore, HS increased the ROS formation and percentage of apoptosis, the gene expression of HSP90, CASP3 and CytoC of porcine oocytes, but GRe could weaken the effect on Cyto C and BAX expression induced by HS. Taken together, these results showed that the presence of GRe during in vitro maturation protects porcine oocytes from HS. These findings lay a foundation for GRe may be used as a potential protective drug to protect porcine oocytes against HS damage.
“Students were just sticky notes on JamBoard”: A first‐year biology teacher's story of 2020–2021
Authors: Weinburgh Molly H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFor decades, a student's preparation for licensure to teach has been rather standard with increased time in field placements culminating with a semester of student teaching. During the Spring 2020, this changed for preservice students scheduled to “student teach.” Due to COVID‐19, schools closed for several weeks and re‐opened online. The current wisdom on student teaching and induction is based on research conducted within an in‐person environment. Little research exists on the experiences of these teachers. Therefore, we used an exploratory, descriptive case study design to understand the 18‐month experience of one biology teacher as he navigated student teaching and his first‐year induction. Twenty‐nine conversations were conducted (recorded, transcribed, and analyzed) between March 2020 and May 2021. In addition to telling John's story, the four themes of (a) other ways became the norm, (b) no wisdom from elders, (c) I built it but they did not come, and (d) what happened to hall, bus, club, or cafeteria duty were found. We anticipate the information from this study will help educators rethink and reconstruct science teacher preparation and induction in ways that will help in a nontraditional environment.
Detection of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes by loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods
Authors: Müs¸tak Hamit Kaan , Ünal Gültekin , Müs¸tak I˙nci Bas¸ak 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDermatophytes are infectious zoonotic fungal agents that are common in animals worldwide. A new loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method and quantitative (q)PCR can be used for identifying these agents. Both methods have high specificity and sensitivity, and are simple and quick to use.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo develop a LAMP and a rapid multiplex qPCR method for detecting Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which are the most common fungal species isolated from cats and dogs.Material and MethodsBoth methods targeted the CHS‐1 gene. Their specificity and sensitivity were tested using 64 M. canis and 44 T. mentagrophytes field strains. The validation of the methods was performed using 250 clinical fungal‐positive hair samples.ResultsThe specificity value was 100% for both methods. For LAMP, the sensitivity value was 96.9% for M. canis and 93.2% for T. mentagrophytes. For qPCR, the sensitivity values were 98.4% for M. canis and 97.7% for T. mentagrophytes. Similar specificity and sensitivity results were obtained from the validation study using 250 clinical hair samples. LAMP and multiplex qPCR took 30 and 45 min (respectively) for both targets. The limit of detection (LOD) assays for both targets were 10 and 1 spore/mL for LAMP and multiplex qPCR, respectively.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that the LAMP and multiplex qPCR methods targeting CHS‐1 gene developed in this study can be used both for point‐of‐care testing and in the laboratory for detecting M. canis and T. mentagrophytes with high specificity and sensitivity with an internal control.