bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multispecies approaches to status assessments in support of endangered species classifications
Authors: Fitzgerald Daniel B. , Freeman Mary C. , Maloney Kelly O. , Young John A. , Rosenberger Amanda E. , Kazyak David C. , Smith David R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMultispecies risk assessments have developed within many international conservation programs, reflecting a widespread need for efficiency. Under the United States Endangered Species Act (ESA), multispecies assessments ultimately lead to species‐level listing decisions. Although this approach provides opportunities for improved efficiency, it also risks overwhelming or biasing the assessment process and would benefit from clear guidance for practitioners. We reviewed multispecies assessments conducted between 1993 and 2019 for ESA listing decisions to identify the ecological basis for combining species, the assessment approach used, and the policy factors influencing their efficacy. We identified 42 cases covering 359 species. Most assessments (81%) included two to five species, although the maximum was 82. A common theme involved grouping narrow endemics or habitat specialists based on taxonomic relatedness, similar distributions, and common threats to persistence. All assessments included a combined threats analysis, but few employed a common species' response model or expert elicitation process. Although ESA risk assessments are distinct from policy decisions, most assessments (50%) supported decisions that all species warranted endangered status. Available guidance has generally emphasized ecological similarity as the key attribute leading to successful multispecies assessments. The challenge with consistently selecting species based on qualitative proxies such as common distributions or threats to persistence is that ecological patterns and processes are scale dependent. Focusing instead on the assessment methods and their potential for bias and increased efficiency may provide a stronger basis for developing consistent and transparent guidance.
Show me you care: A patient‐ and family‐reported measure of care experiences in early psychosis services
Authors: Iyer Srividya N. , Taksal Aarati , Malla Ashok , Martin Helen , Levasseur Mary Anne , Pope Megan A. , Rangaswamy Thara , Ramachandran Padmavati , Mohan Greeshma 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimDespite their emphasis on engagement, there has been little research on patients' and families' experiences of care in early intervention services for psychosis. We sought to compare patients' and families' experiences of care in two similar early psychosis services in Montreal, Canada and Chennai, India. Because no patient‐ or family‐reported experience measures had been used in a low‐ and middle‐income context, we created a new measure, Show me you care. Here we present its development and psychometric properties.MethodsShow me you care was created based on the literature and stakeholder inputs. Its patient and family versions contain the same nine items (rated on a 7‐point scale) about various supportive behaviours of treatment providers towards patients and families. Patients (N = 293) and families (N = 237) completed the measure in French/English in Montreal and Tamil/English in Chennai. Test–retest reliability, internal consistency, convergent validity, and ease of use were evaluated.ResultsTest–retest reliability (intra‐class correlation coefficients) ranged from excellent (0.95) to good (0.66) across the patient and family versions, in Montreal and Chennai, and in English, French, and Tamil. Internal consistency estimates (Cronbach's alphas) were excellent (≥0.87). The measure was reported to be easy to understand and complete.ConclusionShow me you care fills a gap between principles and practice by making engagement and collaboration as central to measurement in early intervention as it is to its philosophy. Having been co‐designed and developed in three languages and tested in a low‐and‐middle‐income and a high‐income context, our tool has the potential for global application.
Norway rats help social partners in need in response to ultrasonic begging signals
Authors: Paulsson Niklas Ingvar , Taborsky Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBegging signals are widespread in animals and have been extensively studied in the context of brood care. In contrast, the functionality of begging signals expressed among adults has not yet been scrutinised experimentally. Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) have been shown to express 50‐kHz calls towards a social partner when in need of help to obtain food. Here, we tested with help of playbacks whether focal subjects exposed to a high rate of ultrasonic calls would increase their helping rate towards their social partner. The propensity to help a partner was significantly enhanced when the focal rats were exposed to playback with a doubled number of calls relative to baseline conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this provides the first evidence of increased help in response to an experimentally altered begging signal in adult animals.
Unpredicted costly dividends and temporary short squeezes
Authors: Huo Xiaolin , Liu Xin , Qiu Zhigang , Yang Sijie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe argue that cash dividend is a type of arbitraging cost that short sellers tend to avoid. We find that dividend announcements lead to temporary short squeezes, causing the prices of highly shorted stocks to overshoot and fully revert over time. These stocks also experience excessive buy‐initiated trades and abnormal trading volume in response to dividend announcements. These results are driven mainly by stocks with unpredicted dividends, low lending fees, and high dividend yields. Overall, results suggest that news of a dividend distribution is magnified by short squeezes due to increased short costs and generates excessive nonfundamentals‐driven price fluctuations.
Clinical predictive models in equine medicine: A systematic review
Authors: Cummings Charles O. , Krucik David D. R. , Price Emma 
Published: October 2022

AbstractClinical predictive models use a patient's baseline demographic and clinical data to make predictions about patient outcomes and have the potential to aid clinical decision making. The extent of equine clinical predictive models is unknown in the literature. Using PubMed and Google Scholar, we systematically reviewed the predictive models currently described for use in equine patients. Models were eligible for inclusion if they were published in a peer‐reviewed article as a multivariable model used to predict a clinical/laboratory/imaging outcome in an individual horse or herd. The agreement of at least two authors was required for model inclusion. We summarised the patient populations, model development methods, performance metric reporting, validation efforts, and, using the Predictive model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST), assessed the risk of bias and applicability concerns for these models. In addition, we summarised the index conditions for which models were developed and provided detailed information on included models. A total of 90 predictive models and 9 external validation studies were included in the final systematic review. A plurality of models (41%) was developed to predict outcomes associated with colic, for example, need for surgery or survival to discharge. All included models were at high risk of bias, defined as failing one or more PROBAST signalling questions, primarily for analysis‐related reasons. Importantly, a high risk of bias does not necessarily mean that models are unusable, but that they require more careful consideration prior to clinical use. Concerns about applicability were low for the majority of models. Systematic reviews such as this can serve to increase veterinarians' awareness of predictive models, including evaluation of their performance and their use in different patient populations.
Emerging Ideas. Families Together: Supporting family resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Marceau Kristine , Kimiecik Carlyn , Ruiz Yumary , McCormick Carolyn , Toombs Austin , Elias Cezanne , Lalani Nasreen , Wadsworth Shelley MacDermid 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated a rapidly developed program designed to support family resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic.BackgroundGrounded in Walsh's family resilience framework, Families Tackling Tough Times Together (FT) disseminated weekly evidence‐informed content through a public Facebook group, partner organizations, and on a dedicated website.MethodFacebook and website analytics and weekly brief usage surveys (n with at least one = 74) documented program use, and pre‐ and post‐FT surveys (n with at least one = 49) assessed family connectedness, positive outlook, purpose in life, and stress.ResultsThe program was widely used and received favorable feedback. Participants reported less stress in weeks when they engaged in more program activities, and more family connectedness in weeks when they spent more time engaged in program materials. No significant changes were observed, however, in overall family resilience, self‐efficacy, family functioning, or stress.ConclusionThe FT program was widely used and appraised positively. Program involvement was favorably correlated with less stress and family connectedness within weeks, although long‐term changes post‐program were not observed.Implications for Emerging IdeasSocial media can be used as an effective mechanism for reaching families during times of adversity and provides preliminary data that can guide refinement of FT and other disaster‐responsive programs.
Challenging gendered power: How sexual harassment perpetrators respond to victim confrontation
Authors: Crowley Jocelyn Elise 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSexual harassment is a problem that continues to plague mostly women in the American workforce today. One tool that victims can use in these situations is confrontation, either through verbal or physical means. Yet, understudied to this point is how perpetrators respond to confrontation, which is highly salient as to whether this is an effective tool for victims. This study uses grounded theory methods to analyze 31 accounts of sexual harassment from within the fashion industry that recorded perpetrators' responses to victim confrontation to clearly unwanted, abusive behavior. I argue that specific features of the fashion industry, or a “display work culture,” embolden perpetrators to effectively thwart any type of confrontation. Indeed, this study finds that these predominantly male perpetrators of sexual harassment moved to reassert their dominant position over their female victims in the moment of confrontation, immediately after being confronted, and even later, well beyond confrontation, as they aimed to reestablish normal business practices as usual. This research thus dispels a significant sexual harassment myth that victims working within this culture are able to stop perpetrators simply by speaking up and/or fighting back and points to the need for the development of sexual harassment theory to incorporate work culture‐related risk factors and remedies.
Association of three insulin resistance indices with hypertension and body weight among Uyghur adults in rural areas of Xinjiang, China
Authors: Mao YiDan , Ma RuLin , Li Yu , Yan YiZhong , He Jia , Rui DongSheng , YuSong Ding , He Xin , Liao ShengYu , Sun XueYing , Guo ShuXia , Guo Heng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObesity and insulin resistance are significant contributors to hypertension. There is a high prevalence of obesity among Uyghurs in the rural areas of Xinjiang, China. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between insulin resistance indices and hypertension according to different body weights in rural Uyghur residents of Xinjiang, China. A total of 12 813 local Uyghur residents were recruited for the study. Excluding those with incomplete data and those using antihypertensive, lipid‐lowering, or glycemic drugs, 9577 permanent residents were eligible for the study. Three insulin resistance indicators were calculated: triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, product of fasting triglyceride and glucose (TYG), and metabolic score for insulin resistance. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between the three non‐insulin‐based insulin resistance indices and the risk of hypertension for different body weights. TYG was significantly associated with hypertension in the normal‐weight group, particularly in women. In the obese group that was obese, all three indicators were associated with hypertension. Since TYG was associated with hypertension in the groups with normal weight and obesity, it may be useful as a reference indicator for insulin resistance. This indicator may provide a basis for the identification and management of hypertension risk among adults in the Uyghur population.
Differential resistance across paternal genotypes of honey bee brood to the pathogenic bacteriumMelissococcus plutonius
Authors: Ameline Camille , Beaurepaire Alexis , Ory Florine , de La Harpe Marylaure , Dainat Benjamin , Dietemann Vincent 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMelissococcus plutoniusis a pathogenic bacterium affecting immature stages of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera) and leads to European foulbrood (EFB) disease. Despite EFB outbreaks increasing in frequency in several countries in recent decades, there is little knowledge on the epidemiology ofM. plutoniusor on the defence mechanisms of honey bees against this pathogen. Mating of honey bee queens with multiple males (polyandry) can be such a mechanism, as it has been shown to be beneficial to colony health and fitness. It is hypothesized that a high level of polyandry was selected for in response to pathogen pressure to maximize the probability that at least some patrilines among nestmates in a colony possess a high degree of resistance to specific pathogens, ultimately protecting colonies against infections. We show thatM. plutoniusinfection provokes differential mortality among patrilines of immature honey bee workers. Such differences indicate a genetic origin of resistance against this pathogen—supporting the polyandry hypothesis—and open up avenues to improve control of EFB disease via selective breeding.
Chemical behavior of 20%–22% carbamide peroxide gels in at‐home bleaching: Randomized crossover in situ trial
Authors: Mailart Mariane Cintra , dos Santos Karine Carvalho , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Borges Alessandra Bühler 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate if distinct 20%–22% carbamide peroxide bleaching gels present similar decomposition pattern and pH during the clinical use in both arches, as well as gels viscosity.MethodsParticipants randomly received treatments with carbamide peroxide gels (n = 10): OPF (OpalescencePF‐20%); PNT (Polanight‐22%); and WPC (Whiteness Perfect‐22%) in three different days, with 2‐day washout. Decomposition pattern was assessed by peroxide concentration. Both PC and pH of bleaching gels were measured in different time points in upper and lower trays during a total of 120 min of clinical use. Viscosity of bleaching gels was measured in triplicate. ANOVA and Tukey's test were applied (α = 0.05).ResultsRegarding decomposition pattern, no significant differences were observed for the interaction between gel, time, and tray position factors. The peroxide concentration progressively reduced until 120 min of trays use (p < 0.001), being overall more notable in lower trays (p < 0.001). Regarding pH, the lowest values were verified in WPC within time. At 120 min, an increase of pH was observed for both WPC and OPF (p < 0.001) compared to baseline means. PNT exhibited constant pH values over time. The values of viscosity were: OPF (1.682.000 ± 19 cP)a, WPC (1.388.667 ± 172.63 cP)ab, PNT (579.567 ± 0.98 cP)b.ConclusionsThe bleaching gels presented overall decomposition pattern clinically equivalent, being more notable in lower trays over time. Nevertheless, distinct pH and viscosities were observed among the products.Clinical SignificanceAlthough the manufacturers recommend different times of use for bleaching gels with similar peroxide concentrations, the commercial products tested did not exhibit clinically relevant difference in the decomposition pattern during the 120 min of clinical procedure.
Effectiveness of breast cancer screening interventions in improving screening rates and preventive activities in Muslim refugee and immigrant women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Racine Louise , D'Souza Melba Sheila , Tinampay Cindy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeTo systematically assess the effectiveness of breast cancer (BC) interventions in improving breast self‐examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), mammogram screening rates, and preventive activities in Muslim refugee and immigrant women.DesignGuided by the Health Belief Model, a mixed method systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed using a sequential design.MethodsThis study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis statement (PRISMA), the Critical Appraisal Skill Program Checklists, and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for systematic review and meta‐analysis. A systematic search of English‐language peer‐reviewed articles was undertaken in multiple health and social sciences databases from January 1, 2015, to March 31, 2022. Randomized clinical trials and quasi‐experimental studies focused on the uptake of BSE, CBE, and mammograms were selected.ResultsFourteen articles were included in the review. Most of the studies relied on quasi‐experimental designs and were carried out in the United States of America. The qualitative analysis of BC screening interventions generated three themes: (1) education, (2) access‐focused, and (3) cultural and faith‐based. The meta‐analysis included three randomized control trials and two quasi‐experimental studies. The meta‐analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of community‐led cultural and faith‐based interventions in facilitating the completion of CBE and mammography screening. Education on BC and patient navigator interventions are more effectively used in conjunction than standalone interventions, yet community‐based cultural and faith‐based interventions are the most effective.ConclusionThis systematic and meta‐analysis review provides evidence on the effectiveness of access‐focused and cultural and faith‐based interventions in improving BC screening in Muslim refugee and immigrant women. Future research should focus on designing and measuring the effectiveness of cultural and faith‐based interventions to increase Muslim refugee and immigrant women's BC screening knowledge and practices.Clinical RelevanceThis systematic and meta‐analysis review demonstrates the need to explore Muslim refugee and immigrant women's cultural contexts for developing culturally sensitive BC screening interventions. Knowledge and practice of BC and religiosity intersect with financial, geographic, and linguistic barriers to decrease participation in screening and preventive activities in Muslim refugee and immigrant women.
Does what happens abroad stay abroad? Displaced aggression and emotional regulation in expatriate psychological contracts
Authors: Schuster Tassilo , Bader Anna Katharina , Bader Benjamin , Rousseau Denise M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe effects of psychological contract violation are the subject of considerable research. Yet, their effects in work arrangements with more than two parties are largely unknown. Multi‐party work arrangements differ from traditional ones because individuals may be vulnerable to psychological contract breach and violation by more than one party, potentially directing negative emotional responses not only towards the responsible party but also displacing it to the other (innocent) party. Primary data from a two‐wave survey of 221 current expatriates is used to test the effects of displaced aggression and emotion regulation in multi‐party psychological contracts. We find that the negative emotions (violation experiences) associated with breach predict reduced commitment both to the perpetrating organization and the innocent party. However, this spillover effect is asymmetric and follows displaced aggregation theory: Expatriates displace their aggressive behaviour on to the host when the home organization violated the psychological contract, not the reverse.
Effect of radioiodine treatment on muscle mass in hyperthyroid cats
Authors: Xifra Pilar , Serrano Sara I. , Peterson Mark E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 75% of hyperthyroid cats lose muscle mass as accessed with a muscle condition scoring (MCS) system. After treatment, MCS improves as the cats regain muscle mass.ObjectivesTo quantify the degree of muscle loss in hyperthyroid cats using ultrasonography and evaluate changes in muscle mass after treatment.AnimalsForty‐eight clinically normal cats and 120 cats with untreated hyperthyroidism, 75 of which were reevaluated after radioiodine‐131 therapy.MethodsProspective cross‐sectional and before‐after studies. All cats underwent ultrasonography and measurement of epaxial muscle height (EMH), with subsequent calculation of vertebral and forelimb epaxial muscle scores (VEMS and FLEMS). A subset of hyperthyroid cats underwent repeat muscle imaging 6 months after treatment.ResultsUntreated hyperthyroid cats had a lower EMH than did clinically normal cats (median [25th‐75th percentile], 0.98 [0.88‐1.16] cm vs 1.34 [1.23‐1.58] cm,P < .001). Seventy‐seven (64.2%) untreated cats had subnormal EMH. Similarly, compared to normal cats, hyperthyroid cats had lower VEMS (0.93 [0.84‐1.07] vs 1.27 [1.18‐1.39],P < .001) and FLEMS (1.24 [1.10‐1.35] vs 1.49 [1.39‐1.63],P < .001). After treatment, EMH increased (1.03 [0.89‐1.03] cm to 1.33 [1.17‐1.41] cm,P < .001), with abnormally low EMH normalizing in 36/41 (88%). Both VEMS (0.94 [0.87‐1.10] to 1.21 [1.10‐1.31],P < .001) and FLEMS (1.31 [1.17‐1.40] to 1.47 [1.38‐1.66],P < .001) also increased after treatment.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlmost two‐thirds of hyperthyroid cats have abnormally low muscle mass when measured quantitatively by ultrasound. Successful treatment restores muscle mass in >85% of cats. EMH provided the best means of quantitating muscle mass in these cats.
Temporal change in floral availability leads to periods of resource limitation and affects diet specificity in a generalist pollinator
Authors: Lowe Abigail , Jones Laura , Brennan Georgina , Creer Simon , Christie Lynda , de Vere Natasha 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGeneralist species are core components of ecological networks and crucial for the maintenance of biodiversity. Generalist species and networks are expected to be more resilient, and therefore understanding the dynamics of specialization and generalization in ecological networks is a key focus in a time of rapid global change. Whilst diet generalization is frequently studied, our understanding of how it changes over time is limited. Here we explore temporal variation in diet specificity in the honeybee (Apis mellifera), using pollen DNA metabarcoding of honey samples, through the foraging season, over two years. We find that, overall, honeybees are generalists that visit a wide range of plants, but there is temporal variation in the degree of specialization. Temporal specialization of honeybee colonies corresponds to periods of resource limitation, identified as a lack of honey stores. Honeybees experience a lack of preferred resources in June when switching from flowering trees in spring to shrubs and herbs in summer. Investigating temporal patterns in specialization can identify periods of resource limitation that may lead to species and network vulnerability. Diet specificity must therefore be explored at different temporal scales in order to fully understand species and network stability in the face of ecological change.