bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steroid treatment as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Obling Laust Emil Roelsgaard , Beske Rasmus Paulin , Wiberg Sebastian , Folke Fredrik , Moeller Jacob Eifer , Kjaergaard Jesper , Hassager Christian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have a high morbidity and mortality risk and often develop post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) involving systemic inflammation. The severity of the inflammatory response is associated with adverse outcome, with anoxic irreversible brain injury as the leading cause of death following resuscitated OHCA. The study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect of pre-hospital administration of a high-dose glucocorticoid following OHCA.

Methods
The study is an investigator-initiated, randomized, multicenter, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Inclusion will continue until one hundred twenty unconscious OHCA patients surviving a minimum of 72 h are randomized. Intervention is a 1:1 randomization to an infusion of methylprednisolone 250 mg following a minimum of 5 min of sustained return of spontaneous circulation in the pre-hospital setting. Methylprednisolone will be given as a bolus infusion of 1 × 250 mg (1 × 4 mL) over a period of 5 min. Patients allocated to placebo will receive 4 mL of isotonic saline (NaCl 0.9%). Main eligibility criteria are OHCA of presumed cardiac cause, age ≥ 18 years, Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8, and sustained ROSC for at least 5 min. Co-primary endpoint: Reduction of interleukin-6 and neuron-specific-enolase. Secondary endpoints: Markers of inflammation, brain, cardiac, kidney and liver damage, hemodynamic and hemostatic function, safety, neurological function at follow-up, and mortality. A research biobank is set up with blood samples taken daily during the first 72 h from hospitalization to evaluate primary and secondary endpoints.

Discussion
We hypothesize that early anti-inflammatory steroid treatment in the pre-hospital setting can mitigate the progression of PCAS following resuscitated OHCA. Primary endpoints will be assessed through analyses of biomarkers for inflammation and neurological damage taken during the first 72 h of admission.

Trial registration
EudraCT number: 2020-000855-11; submitted March 30, 2020
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04624776; submitted October 12, 2020, first posted November 10, 2020
Immediate versus early (24-hours) urinary catheter removal after elective minimally invasive colonic resection: study protocol for a randomized, multicenter, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Pedrazzani Corrado , Montroni Isacco , Conti Cristian , Turri Giulia , Foppa Caterina , Carvello Michele , Taffurelli Giovanni , Ugolini Giampaolo , Spinelli Antonino 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) represents the standard of care in colorectal surgery. Among ERAS items, early removal of urinary catheter (UC) is considered a key issue, though adherence to this specific item still varies among centers. UC placement allows for monitoring of post-operative urinary output but relates to an increased risk of urinary tract infection (UTI), reduced mobility, and patient’s discomfort. Several studies investigated the role of early UC removal specifically looking at the rate of acute urinary retention (AUR) but most of them were retrospective, single-center, underpowered, cohort studies. The main purpose of this study is to compare the rate of AUR after immediate (at the end of the surgery) versus early (within 24 h from the completion of surgery) removal of UC in patients undergoing minimally invasive colonic resection (MICR). The secondary outcomes focus on goals that could be positively impacted by the immediate removal of the UC at the end of the surgery. In particular, the rate of UTIs, perception of pain, time-to-return of bowel and physical functions, postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay will be measured.

Methods
This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, two-arm, multi-center, study comparing the rate of AUR after immediate versus early removal of UC in patients undergoing MICR. The investigators hypothesize that immediate UC removal is non-inferior to 24-h UC removal in terms of AUR rate. Randomization is at the patient level and participants are randomized 1:1 to remove their UC either immediately or within 24 h from the completion of surgery. Those eligible for inclusion were patients undergoing any MICR with an anastomosis above the peritoneal reflection. Those patients who need to continue urinary output monitoring after the surgery will be excluded. The number of patients calculated to be enrolled in each group is 108 based on an expected AUR rate of 3% for the 24-h UC removal group and considering acceptable an AUR of 9% for the immediate UC removal group.

Discussion
The demonstration of a non-inferiority of immediate versus 24-h removal of UC would call into question the usefulness of urinary drainage in the setting of MICR.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05249192. Prospectively registered on February 21, 2022.
Elimination of probable praziquantel-resistant Dipylidium caninum with nitroscanate in a mixed-breed dog: a case report
Authors: Loftus John P. , Acevedo Andrew , Bowman Dwight D. , Liotta Janice L. , Wu Timothy , Zhu Melinda 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Praziquantel is the drug of choice for treating the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum in dogs; however, resistance is possible, and regular, non-targeted administration of praziquantel may select for anthelminthic-resistant populations.

Methods
The zinc sulfate fecal floatation procedure was conducted. Gross visualization was used to identify Dipylidium spp. segments, and capsule endoscopy was used to visualize adult tapeworms within the intestinal tract.

Results
An 18-month-old spayed female terrier mix was presented due to diarrhea, hematochezia and weight loss. The dog received appropriate anthelmintic therapy for Giardia spp., Ancylostoma spp. and Dipylidium spp. The dog’s clinical signs resolved, and elimination of Ancylostoma spp. was confirmed by subsequent fecal analysis. However, Dipylidium spp. segments were repeatedly present in the stool. Observation of the segments confirmed the presence of adult Dipylidium spp in feces. Treatment with praziquantel and epsiprantel were unsuccessful in eliminating the organism but was apparently successful in flea prevention. A single dose of nitrosconate was administered and eliminated Dipylidium spp. infection in the dog.

Conclusions
Nitrosconate can be an effective treatment for praziquantel-resistant dipylidiasis in dogs. The novel application of capsule endoscopy confirmed the anthelmintic efficacy of this treatment.

Graphical Abstract
White blood cells and chronic rhinosinusitis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Pongdee Thanai , Bielinski Suzette J. , Decker Paul A. , Kita Hirohito , Larson Nicholas B. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Risk factors for the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remain largely undetermined, which is likely due to the heterogeneity of the disease. White blood cell counts have been largely unexplored as a risk factor for CRS even though different types of white blood cells are involved in the inflammatory process of CRS.

Objective
To investigate causal associations between different types of white blood cells on risk of CRS utilizing a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods
A two-sample MR analysis was performed using respective GWAS summary statistics for the exposure traits (neutrophil count, eosinophil count, basophil count, lymphocyte count, and monocyte count) and outcome trait (CRS). For the exposure traits, the European Bioinformatics Institute database of complete GWAS summary data was used. For the outcome trait, summary statistics for CRS GWAS were obtained from FinnGen. Primary analysis for MR was performed using inverse-variance weighted two-sample MR. Sensitivity analyses included weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO (raw and outlier-corrected).

Results
Eosinophils were associated with CRS (OR = 1.55 [95% CI 1.38, 1.73]; p = 4.3E-14). Eosinophil results were similar across additional MR methods. MR results did not demonstrate significant causal relationships between neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, or basophils with CRS. No significant pleiotropic bias was observed.

Conclusions
In a two-sample MR analysis, a potential causal link between blood eosinophil counts and CRS has been demonstrated. In addition, causal relationships between blood counts among other white blood cell types and CRS were not found. Further studies involving genetic variation in CRS are needed to corroborate genetic causal effects for CRS.
Computed tomography in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: neuroimaging predictors of hematoma expansion and outcome
Authors: Hillal Amir , Ullberg Teresa , Ramgren Birgitta , Wassélius Johan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10–20% of all strokes worldwide and is associated with serious outcomes, including a 30-day mortality rate of up to 40%. Neuroimaging is pivotal in diagnosing ICH as early detection and determination of underlying cause, and risk for expansion/rebleeding is essential in providing the correct treatment. Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) is the most used modality for detection of ICH, identification of prognostic markers and measurements of hematoma volume, all of which are of major importance to predict outcome. The strongest predictors of 30-day mortality and functional outcome for ICH patients are baseline hematoma volume and hematoma expansion. Even so, exact hematoma measurement is rare in clinical routine practice, primarily due to a lack of tools available for fast, effective, and reliable volumetric tools. In this educational review, we discuss neuroimaging findings for ICH from NCCT images, and their prognostic value, as well as the use of semi-automatic and fully automated hematoma volumetric methods and assessment of hematoma expansion in prognostic studies.
Value of texture analysis based on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in preoperative assessment of extramural venous invasion in rectal cancer
Authors: Fang Junjie , Sun Wei , Wu Dan , Pang Peipei , Guo Xiuyu , Yu Chunyao , Lu Wei , Tang Guangyu 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective
Accurate preoperative assessment of extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) is critical for the treatment and prognosis of rectal cancer. The aim of our research was to develop an assessment model by texture analysis for preoperative prediction of EMVI.

Materials and methods
This study enrolled 44 rectal patients as train cohort, 7 patients as validation cohort and 18 patients as test cohort. A total of 236 texture features from DCE MR imaging quantitative parameters were extracted for each patient (59 features of Ktrans, Kep, Ve and Vp), and key features were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO). Finally, clinical independent risk factors, conventional MRI assessment, and T-score were incorporated to construct an assessment model using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
The T-score calculated using the 4 selected key features were significantly correlated with EMVI (p < 0.010). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.797 for discriminating between EMVI-positive and EMVI-negative patients with a sensitivity of 88.2% and specificity of 70.4%. The conventional MRI assessment of EMVI had a sensitivity of 23.53% and a specificity of 96.30%. The assessment model showed a greatly improved performance with an AUC of 0.954 (sensitivity, 88.2%; specificity, 92.6%) in train cohort, 0.833 (sensitivity, 66.7%; specificity, 100%) in validation cohort and 0.877 in test cohort, respectively.

Conclusions
The assessment model showed an excellent performance in preoperative assessment of EMVI. It demonstrates strong potential for improving the accuracy of EMVI assessment and provide a reliable basis for individualized treatment decisions.
Justification of CT practices across Europe: results of a survey of national competent authorities and radiology societies
Authors: Foley Shane J. , Bly Ritva , Brady Adrian P. , Ebdon-Jackson Steve , Karoussou-Schreiner Alexandra , Hierath Monika , Sosna Jacob ,   ESR EU-JUST-CT Project consortium, Brkljačić Boris 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Published literature on justification of computed tomography (CT) examinations in Europe is sparse but demonstrates consistent sub-optimal application. As part of the EU initiated CT justification project, this work set out to capture CT justification practices across Europe.

Methods
An electronic questionnaire consisting of mostly closed multiple-choice questions was distributed to national competent authorities and to presidents of European radiology societies in EU member states as well as Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and the UK (n = 31).

Results
Fifty-one results were received from 30 European countries. Just 47% (n = 24) stated that advance justification of individual CT examinations is performed by a medical practitioner. Radiologists alone mostly (n = 27, 53%) perform daily justification of CT referrals although this is a shared responsibility in many countries. Imaging referral guidelines are widely available although just 13% (n = 6) consider them in daily use. Four countries (Cyprus, Ireland, Sweden, UK) reported having them embedded within clinical decision support systems. Justification of new practices with CT is mostly regulated (77%) although three countries (Belgium, Iceland and Portugal) reported not having any national system in place for generic justification. Health screening with CT was reported by seven countries as part of approved screening programmes and by eight countries outside. When performed, CT justification audits were reported to improve CT justification rates.

Conclusions
CT justification practices vary across Europe with less than 50% using advance justification and a minority having clinical decision support systems in place. CT for health screening purposes is not currently widely used in Europe.
Regulatory of miRNAs in tri-lineage differentiation of C3H10T1/2
Authors: Huang Wei , Wu Xiaoyue , Xiang Shuaixi , Qiao Mingxin , Li Hanfei , Zhu Yujie , Zhu Zhou , Zhao Zhihe 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules encoded by endogenous genes, which play a vital role in cell generation, metabolism, apoptosis and stem cell differentiation. C3H10T1/2, a mesenchymal cell extracted from mouse embryos, is capable of osteogenic differentiation, adipogenic differentiation and chondrogenic differentiation. Extensive studies have shown that not only miRNAs can directly trigger targeted genes to regulate the tri-lineage differentiation of C3H10T1/2, but it also can indirectly regulate the differentiation by triggering different signaling pathways or various downstream molecules. This paper aims to clarify the regulatory roles of different miRNAs on C3H10T1/2 differentiation, and discussing their balance effect among osteogenic differentiation, adipogenic differentiation and chondrogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2. We also review the biogenesis of miRNAs, Wnt signaling pathways, MAPK signaling pathways and BMP signaling pathways and provide some specific examples of how these signaling pathways act on C3H10T1/2 tri-lineage differentiation. On this basis, we hope that a deeper understanding of the differentiation and regulation mechanism of miRNAs in C3H10T1/2 can provide a promising therapeutic method for the clinical treatment of bone defects, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and other diseases.
A Unitary Association-based conodont biozonation of the Smithian–Spathian boundary (Early Triassic) and associated biotic crisis from South China
Authors: Leu Marc , Bucher Hugo , Vennemann Torsten , Bagherpour Borhan , Ji Cheng , Brosse Morgane , Goudemand Nicolas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Smithian–Spathian boundary (SSB) crisis played a prominent role in resetting the evolution and diversity of the nekton (ammonoids and conodonts) during the Early Triassic recovery. The late Smithian nektonic crisis culminated at the SSB, ca. 2.7 Myr after the Permian–Triassic boundary mass extinction. An accurate and high-resolution biochronological frame is needed for establishing patterns of extinction and re-diversification of this crisis. Here, we propose a new biochronological frame for conodonts that is based on the Unitary Associations Method (UAM). In this new time frame, the SSB can thus be placed between the climax of the extinction and the onset of the re-diversification. Based on the study of new and rich conodont collections obtained from five sections (of which four are newly described here) in the Nanpanjiang Basin, South China, we have performed a thorough taxonomical revision and described one new genus and 21 new species. Additionally, we have critically reassessed the published conodont data from 16 other sections from South China, and we have used this new, standardized dataset to construct the most accurate, highly resolved, and laterally reproducible biozonation of the Smithian to early Spathian interval for South China. The resulting 11 Unitary Association Zones (UAZ) are intercalibrated with lithological and chemostratigraphical (δ13Ccarb) markers, as well as with ammonoid zones, thus providing a firm basis for an evolutionary meaningful and laterally consistent definition of the SSB. Our UAZ8, which is characterized by the occurrence of Icriospathodus ex gr. crassatus, Triassospathodus symmetricus and Novispathodus brevissimus, is marked by a new evolutionary radiation of both conodonts and ammonoids and is within a positive peak in the carbon isotope record. Consequently, we propose to place the SSB within the separation interval intercalated between UAZ7 and UAZ8 thus leaving some flexibility for future refinement and updating.ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:12326FE6-79DD-43A8-9421-26C3883FBE2E
The immunological mechanisms and therapeutic potential in drug-induced liver injury: lessons learned from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity
Authors: Li Qianhui , Chen Feng , Wang Fei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAcute liver failure caused by drug overdose is a significant clinical problem in developed countries. Acetaminophen (APAP), a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, but its overdose can cause acute liver failure. In addition to APAP-induced direct hepatotoxicity, the intracellular signaling mechanisms of APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) including metabolic activation, mitochondrial oxidant stress and proinflammatory response further affect progression and severity of AILI. Liver inflammation is a result of multiple interactions of cell death molecules, immune cell-derived cytokines and chemokines, as well as damaged cell-released signals which orchestrate hepatic immune cell infiltration. The immunoregulatory interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during AILI lead to different fate of liver pathology. Thus, better understanding the complex interplay of immune cell subsets in experimental models and defining their functional involvement in disease progression are essential to identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of AILI. Here, this present review aims to systematically elaborate on the underlying immunological mechanisms of AILI, its relevance to immune cells and their effector molecules, and briefly discuss great therapeutic potential based on inflammatory mediators.
General decay synchronization stability on the nonautonomous BAM recurrent neural networks with delays
Authors: Halik Azhar , Wumaier Aishan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the general decay synchronization (GDS) of a class of nonautonomous bidirectional associative memory recurrent neural networks (BAMRNNs) with mixed time delays. By employing the Lyapunov method and useful inequality techniques, some sufficient conditions on the general decay synchronization for BAMRNNs are derived. In addition, an example with numerical simulations is presented to illustrate the obtained theoretical results.
Comparing weighted densities
Authors: Bukor József , Filip Ferdinánd , Šustek Jan , Tóth János T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIn this paper we study inequalities between weighted densities of sets of natural numbers corresponding to different weight functions. Depending on the asymptotic relation between the weight functions, we give sharp bounds for possible values of one density when the values of another density are given. In particular, we give a condition for two weight functions to generate equivalent weighted densities.
A novel Elzaki transform homotopy perturbation method for solving time-fractional non-linear partial differential equations
Authors: Iqbal Sajad , Martínez Francisco , Kaabar Mohammed K. A. , Samei Mohammad Esmael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the solution of important types of non-linear time-fractional partial differential equations via the conformable Elzaki transform Homotopy perturbation method. We apply the proposed technique to solve four types of non-linear time-fractional partial differential equations. In addition, we establish the results on the uniqueness and convergence of the solution. Finally, the numerical results for a variety of α values are briefly examined. The proposed method performs well in terms of simplicity and efficiency.
Single-dose intravenous ketamine or intramuscular naltrexone for high-utilization inpatients with alcohol use disorder: pilot trial feasibility and readmission rates
Authors: Terasaki Dale , Loh Ryan , Cornell Anastasia , Taub Julie , Thurstone Christian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) accounts for millions of acute care encounters annually in the United States. Hospitalization represents a vital opportunity to intervene pharmacologically, but low medication adherence is a significant barrier. Two single-dose, adherence-independent interventions are well suited for pre-discharge administration: intravenous (IV) ketamine and intramuscular (IM) naltrexone. Their feasibility and readmission-reducing efficacy in hospital settings are not well-established.

Methods
A 3-arm, open-label randomized trial was conducted at our safety-net medical hospital among high-utilization inpatients with severe AUD. Consented adults (age 18–65) were randomized to (1) IV ketamine (KET) 0.5 mg/kg over 40 min, (2) IM naltrexone (NTX) 380 mg once, or (3) linkage alone (LA). The primary clinical outcome was 30-day all-cause hospital readmission rate. All were provided enhanced linkage to outpatient addiction clinic.

Results
We consented and randomized 44 participants (n = 13, 14, 17 for KET, NTX, LA, respectively), with a mean of 3.2 past-year hospitalizations. Compared to the LA arm, both the KET arm (RR 0.37, p = 0.17) and NTX arm (RR 0.52, p = 0.27) had a lower 30-day readmission rate, though the differences were nonsignificant. Immediate acceptability ratings of KET and NTX were 9.50 and 9.17 out of 10, respectively. No serious adverse events or illicit ketamine use was reported.

Conclusions
Both interventions are feasible and showed promise in reducing readmissions for high-utilization AUD inpatients. Despite randomization, baseline characteristics may have differed in ways that biased against the control arm. Additional pragmatic studies—with larger sample size, blinding, and robust follow-up data collection—are needed to verify findings and better understand mediating factors.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04562779. Registered 24 September 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04562779