bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity as an Emerging Risk Factor for Anemia
Authors: Altaf Benash , Aftab Rana Khurram , Khan Zeeshan Ali , Salam Rana Muhammad Tahir , Behram Fakiha 
Published: February 2022

Background: Obesity and anemia are important health challenges worldwide particularly in females and children. These conditions are prevalent in most developing countries and have devastating effect on mental as well as physical health. Evidences are available showing the association between these two conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of anemia among obese subjects and to find association between BMI and hemoglobin.
Methodology: A cross-sectional comparative study comprised of 216 subjects was conducted at Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad from April 2018 to September 2018. After approval from ethical committee, all the relevant data including gender, age, height and weight were recorded on a predesigned proforma. BMI was calculated with help of a formula height in meter2/weight in kg. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were obtained by Sahli's method. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 21.0. Hemoglobin levels were compared between obese and non-obese subjects by Mann whitney test. Percentages were compared by X2. Regression analysis was used to find association between BMI and Hb.
Results: Study comprised of 216 subjects of mean age 19.9±0.88. Of total studied population 38 .0% were obese having BMI ? 25kg/m2. Significant differences were observed in the mean BMI (P value= 0.001*) and Hb (P value= 0.021*) between the studied groups. Hemoglobin levels were lower in obese individuals than non-obese. (10.4 Vs 12.18) Regression analysis reveals significant negative association of BMI with Hb (?, - 1.036, P value =0.000*).
Conclusion: Anemia is more prevalent among obese individuals than non-obese subjects.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Dental Practitioners against Hepatitis B in District Faisalabad
Authors: Rashid Dr.Abid , Habiba Dr. Ume , Asif Dr. Muhammad , Akhtar Dr. Naseem , Ayaz Dr. Sultan , Khatoon Dr. Saadia 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of dental practitioners against Hepatitis B in district Faisalabad.
Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st August 2019 to 31st January 2020. Sixty four dental practitioners who are practicing in Allied hospital Faisalabad and DHQ hospital Faisalabad were recruited by using simple random sampling technique, included in this study. The data was collected through self-administered questionnaires.
Results: Mean age ± SD of the respondents was 31.6±2.8 years. On account of assessing knowledge, 52 dentists strongly agreed for proper hand washing in the prevention of Hepatitis B. For using barriers like gloves, gown and masks, 56 of the respondents strongly agreed. For using puncture-resistant containers for sharp disposal, 25 of the respondents strongly agreed. For using protective eye wares 46 agreed. Fifty nine of the respondents strongly agreed for the proper sterilization of instruments in the prevention of Hepatitis B. On account of practices against Hepatitis B, 52 respondents were vaccinated against hepatitis B. Twelve were not vaccinated. Forty six out of 52 had completed the course of vaccination. Five out of 52 failed to recall the history of their vaccination but 6 did not completed the course.
Conclusion: A good percentage of dental practitioners have been vaccinated against hepatitis B. However, there is a need to increase this percentage, so that maximum number of dentists that come in direct contact with the persons could be prevented against this fatal disease.
Role of White blood cell count in Diagnostic accuracy of Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Bibi Dr. Sarwat , Saqib Dr. Khurram , Saleem Dr. Muhammad , Farhan Dr. Aalia , Ahmad Dr.Humaira , Rana Hamza 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To assess the role of white blood cell count (WBC) in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and its relation to histopathological findings.
Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Aziz Fatimah Hospital Faisalabad. One hundred patients with acute appendicitis were encompassed in our work. Diagnosis was confirmed after careful clinical assessment aided with classical sign and symptoms. White Blood cell count of every patient was done from laboratory of our hospital. Specimen of appendix of every patient was sent for histopathology. In addition, pre-operative white blood cell count (WBC) was compared with postoperative histopathology reports to assess WBC count's significance in the identification of acute appendicitis.
Results: Out of 100 cases, 63 were male, and 37 were females. Age of the patients was between 12 to 55 years, mean age being 20.9 years. Commonest age group was 17 to 30 years (n=73). The sensitivity and specificity of WBC count were calculated 27% and 43.75% respectively, while positive and negative predictive value was 71.87 and 10.1%, respectively. Mean ± SD of TLC of patients with normal and inflamed appendix was 10781±291.0 and 95908 ± 329.43respectively, this difference was not statistically different (p value=0.16). Neutrophils count was 66. 86% in patients with inflamed appendix and nearly equal to this 65.18% was noticed with normal appendix on histopathology (p value=0.15). Odd Ratio were insignificant showing WBCs are nor independent predictors of acute appendicitis (p value 0.30)
Conclusion: White blood cell count is not a very good and reliable investigation for diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Patient can be having acute appendicitis with normal white blood cell count.
Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor in Female Infertility
Authors: Farooqui Nida , Maha Qurat-ul-ain , Ashraf Mussarat , Azhar Dr.Arfa , Jehan Farrukh , Rehman Dr. Rehana 
Published: February 2022

Objective: To investigate the possible association of serum and follicular fluids(FF) Vitamin D levels with reproductive outcomes after assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Secondly, to detect Vitamin D Receptors (VDR) in serum and follicular fluid (FF) of ovarian follicle and explore its relationship with Vitamin D levels as well as reproductive outcomes.
Methodology: This study was conducted on May 2019 in Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 8 infertile female subjects were conveniently recruited. Serum was collected and follicular fluid(FF) was obtained by transvaginal-guided follicular puncture; 34 hours after intramuscular administration of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG). Vitamin D and VDR was assessed in serum as well as in FF by Paired Sample t-test.
Results: Females 2 out of 8 acquired clinical pregnancy, whereas 3 had pre-clinical abortion or no pregnancy. Vitamin D and VDR were detected highest in those female patients that acquired pregnancy in comparison to the pre-clinical abortion or non-pregnant ones (p value<0.007). Serum VDR did not show any significant results in all groups
Conclusion: Vitamin D in serum and FF and vitamin D receptor in serum and FF were associated with number of oocytes. High levels of VDR in FF observed in clinical pregnancy group proved our hypothesis that the presence of VDR in FF is a contributing factor for successful conception after ART success.
Physical Education Teacher’s Professional Learning of Implementing a Health Promotion Intervention in the Practice of a Research Circle
Authors: Håman Linn , Haraldsson Katarina , Lindgren Eva-Carin 
Published: February 2022

Scholars recommend that health promotion researchers engage practitioners in the analysis and reporting phase and expand their ability to share their research beyond academia. The purpose of this study was to draw benefit from physical education (PE) teachers’ discussions and reflections of the implementation of a health promotion intervention in school during research circle meetings. The health promotion intervention ‘Pulse for Health and Learning’ (PuLH) focused on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, incorporating a child-centred coaching approach. This study has an action research approach. The research circle consisted of PE teachers (N = 22, approximately 18 per meeting) from eight primary and middle schools (from grades 4 to 9) in eight municipalities in Sweden and three researchers. The theory of ‘practice architectures’ was employed to interpret, discuss, and clarify what enables and constrain PE teachers’ implementation of the health promotion intervention. During the analysis, three discourses were identified: technical-rational discourse, participating discourse, and steering and supporting discourse. The practice architectures both enabled and constrained the implementation of PuLH. The research circle meetings stimulated critically conscious acting and decision-making through collaboration between PE teachers and together with researchers which improved the implementation of PuLH and contributed to PE teachers’ professional development.
Indirect Effects of Parenting Style on the Relationship between Maternal Personality and Children’s Creativity
Authors: Lu Shuyang , Ieng Peggy Vong Keang , On Leung Shing 
Published: February 2022

Mothers are important persons in the development of creativity in young children. The aim of this study was to examine whether and how mothers influence the creativity of their children. We investigated maternal personality and parenting style through parents’ reports, while children’s creativity of 88 Chinese kindergarten children (age M = 5.50, SD = 0.567) was rated by Torrance TCAM. There was an indirect effect of authoritarian parenting in the relation between maternal neuroticism and children’s creativity in terms of originality. Neurotic mothers may tend to be more authoritarian and in turn, reduce their children’s creativity. Further, parenting style related to not setting any guidelines at all (or NGA) may have indirect effects on the relation between maternal conscientiousness and openness toward children’s creativity. The opposite direction between Chinese parents’ preferential parenting and creativity encouragement parenting was found.
Development and Evaluation of an Extruded Balanced Food for Sheep Based on Cottonseed Meal (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Ortiz-Romero Nallely , Delgado Efren , Antonio Pámanes-Carrasco Gerardo , Medrano-Roldán Hiram , Hernández-Vargas Vicente , Reyes-Jáquez Damián 
Published: February 2022

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the content of cottonseed meal (Gossypium hirsutum) and the processing variables on the functional properties and the content of gossypol of an extruded feed for sheep (Ovis aries). The diet was balanced according to the requirements of fattening Dorper sheep breed under 1 year. The extrusion process was optimized using a surface response methodology, with four independent variables: temperature in the last heating zone (120–160°C), moisture content (14–18%), screw speed (120 rpm–180 rpm), and cottonseed meal content (9 g–27 g 100 g−1), in a single screw extruder. The optimal food had 27.25% crude protein, 4.24% crude fat, 12.21% crude fiber, 46.95% nitrogen-free extract, and 9.35% ash. The composition of essential amino acids in the optimal diet was 1.00 g kg−1 of lysine, 1.25 g kg−1 of phenylalanine, 2.04 g kg−1 of leucine, 0.87 g kg−1 of isoleucine, 0.98 g kg−1 of threonine, 1.15 g kg−1 of valine, and 0.65 g kg−1 of histidine. The fatty acids present in the highest concentration in the optimal diet were 2.14% linoleic acid, 1.11% oleic acid, and 0.81% palmitic acid. The gossypol content of the optimal diet was less than 0.1%, which ensures the safety of cottonseed meal as a protein source. The optimum conditions of the extrusion process were 120°C temperature, 120 rpm screw speed, 14.00% humidity, and 27 g 100 g−1 cottonseed meal.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Bladder
Authors: Cetin Ferhat , Birge Özer 
Published: February 2022

Urinary bladder tumors are the second most common malignancy of the urinary system. In 2012, the global age-standardized incidence rate (per 100,000 person/years) was reported as 9.0 for men and 2.2 for women. Usually, bladder cancers are seen in middle and old-aged people. In the United States, the average age for getting a diagnosis was 72 years. It was reported that 90% of newly diagnosed patients were above 60 years and rarely below 35 years. Bladder tumors relapse approximately 50–75% within 5 years after diagnosis, and progressions occur in 10–20% of them. While the five-year survival rate of organ-confined disease is 94%, the survival rates of locally invasive and metastatic tumors varied between 6 and 49%. Most of the bladder urothelial carcinomas diagnosed in patients under 40 years of age are low-grade and stage I, and the 5-year survival rate is around 97%.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vagina
Authors: Cetin Ferhat , Birge Özer 
Published: February 2022

Vaginal cancer accounts for approximately 4000 cases and over 900 deaths annually. About 1 in 100,000 women will be diagnosed with in situ or invasive vaginal cancer (typically of squamous cell histology). The mean age at diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, the most common histologic type of vaginal cancer, is approximately 60 years. However, the disease is seen occasionally in women in their 20s and 30s. Squamous carcinoma is more common as the age of the patient increases. Vaginal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the vagina. Vaginal cancer is staged in three ways, based on how far the tumor has progressed in the vagina, whether it has spread to the lymph nodes, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body. These three categories are called T (tumor), N (nodes), and M (whether it has metastasized or spread). Surgery is the most common treatment of vaginal cancer. The surgical procedures used are laser surgery (uses a laser beam as a knife to make bloodless cuts in tissue or to remove a surface lesion such as a tumor); Wide local excision (takes out cancer and some of the healthy tissue around it); Vaginectomy (Surgery to remove all or part of the vagina).
Epidemiology of Chikungunya in Indonesia
Authors: Baskoro Tunggul Satoto Tri , Alvira Pascawati Nur 
Published: February 2022

Chikungunya is a zoonotic disease which is caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and transmitted by infected Aedes spp mosquito. In Indonesia, CHIKV is a re-emerging disease, which means that it is a disease that has gone for a long time, but then it spreads again and causes outbreaks frequently. CHIKV presence in Indonesia was first reported in 1979 in Bengkulu City causing substantial acute and chronic morbidity. After disappearing for 16 years, the CHIKV outbreak spreaded again in 24 regions throughout Indonesia from 2001 to 2003. In 2009 and 2010, CHIKV outbreaks hit western and central regions of Indonesia and increased from 3,000 cases per year to 83,000 and 52,000 cases per year. The burden of this disease is unclear due to insufficient monitoring and diagnosis. The spread and transmission of CHIKV in Indonesia is very high, due to travel, competent vectors, and the vulnerability of the population. In addition, the evolution of viruses, globalization and climate change has accelerated the spread of this virus. Effective antiviral treatment and vaccines do not yet exist, so early detection and appropriate management can help reducing the burden of this disease. Monitoring and risk assessment to reduce human-vector contact are also needed to reduce the impact of chikungunya.
An Empirical Test for Semi-strong form Efficient Market Hypothesis of the Nigeria Stock Market
Authors: Gbanador Monday A. 
Published: February 2022

A capital market is said to be efficient if new information are quickly reflected in stock prices. This study empirically examines how the prices of stocks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange quickly respond to monetary policy announcement. The daily All Shares Index and 41 monetary policy announcement from 2014 -2020 were used as proxy for stock prices and new information respectively. The Researcher adopted the event study methodology and a 21 day event window was constructed. That is 10 days before monetary policy announcement (-10) and 10 days after the announcement (+10) in addition to the event day. The average abnormal returns (AAR) and the cumulative average abnormal returns (CAARs) were computed and analyzed using the t-statistic to ascertain whether it is possible to earn abnormal return due to monetary policy announcement. The findings revealed that it was not possible to earn abnormal return due to monetary policy announcement. The implication of this result is that stock prices quickly adjust to new information (monetary policy rate announcement) therefore making it difficult for market participants to outperform the market.Thus, the Researcher concluded that the Nigeria stock market is semi-strong form efficient.
Effects of Replacing Soybean Meal with Fermented Bambara Groundnut Meal (Vigna subterranea) Meal in the Diet of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings
Authors: Udo I. U. , Ozor O. C. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Efforts to reduce fish feed cost have been geared towards fishmeal replacement with cheap ingredients. However, the price of soybean which is a supplementary protein source in fish diet is also soaring due to impact of covid-19 pandemic couple with competition by man and livestock; this therefore calls for a search for its alternatives. Bambara groundnut (BG), although highly nutritious and climate resistant crop, is described as a neglected and under-utilized crop in most countries of Africa.
Aims: To ascertain the effect of replacing soybean meal with Fermented Bambara Groundnut Meal (FBGM) on the growth performance and feed utilization of C. gariepinus.
Study Design: Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used with five treatments and three replicates. Diet FBGM00 with no FBGM was used as control. Various replacement levels were designation as FBGM25, FBGM50, FBGM75 and FBMG100 for 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike; Central Labouratory, University of Uyo, Nigeria, between May 2021 and August 2021.
Methodology: We fermented Vigna subterranea for 72 hours, air-dried, weighed and oven dried at 60˚C for 24 hours, followed by cooling. Dried flour of FBGM and other ingredients were analyzed for proximate composition used in the formulation of experimental diets. These were milled at 2 mm pellets, sundried and stored at 10 per cent moisture content, in black polythene bags. Diets were fed to one hundred and fifty (150) fingerlings of catfish (C. gariepinus) with mean weight 50±2.35 for 84 days. Growth performance, feed utilization and survival rate parameters were calculated and statistically compared.
Results: Physico-chemical parameters fluctuated slightly but were within the optimum range. The highest daily weight gain (85.29±14.46 g) was recorded in FBGM75 while the lowest (68.29±8.49 and 69.86±8.73 g) were recorded in the control diet (FBGM00) and FBGM25 respectively. The specific growth rate, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and percentage survival rate also followed the same pattern. However, no significant differences (P>.05) were detected in all these parameters.
Conclusion: Fermented Bambara Groundnut Meal can totally replace soybean meal in the diet of C. gariepinus, without adversely affecting growth performance, feed utilization and survival rate. However, the optimum replacement level lies in FBGN75. More researches are needed on the adults or grow out stages to unveil its effects on the grow out stage and brooder and different processing methods employed and compared to the best processing method that will be mild enough to increase the nutrient content while removing the phytochemicals.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Status of Neurocritical Patients: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Ashrafuzzaman Mohammad , Mustaq Adnan Khondekar , Hossain Md. Emran 
Published: February 2022

Background: Usually, neuro-critical patients demand more attention from physicians and need intensive care. Generally, those patients are admitted to the hospitals or to the emergency unit of the hospitals with severe neurological and neurosurgical conditions. So, in order to chieve prompt but proper steps for such patients, the assessment of patient’s demographic and clinical status is a very important issue for respective healthcare professionals.
Aim of the Study: The aim of the present study was to assess the sociodemographic and clinical status of neuro-critical patients.
Methods: This was a prospective observational study which was conducted in the ICU, Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Palliative & Intensive Care Medicine, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh from March 2018 to April 2020. In total 100 neuro-critical patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were taken as a sample population of the study. Written informed consent had been taken from all participants. Data were collected by a predesigned questioner. All data were processed, analyzed by using MS office and SPSS version 22.0.
Results: The mean (±SD) age of the participants was found 54.51±17.77 years. The male participants were 57% and females were 43%. So, male participants were dominating in number. In total 67% of participants were from urban areas whereas 33% were from rural areas. Most of the patients were from middle-classed families which were 59%. In this study, in analyzing the causes of hospital admission of the participants we observed that 27%, 28%, 21%, and 15% were admitted to the hospitals with a head injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and tumor as the major causes respectively. Besides these, 9% of participants were admitted with other causes.
Conclusion: The proper assessment of the sociodemographic and clinical status of neuro-critical patients is a very important task for the physicians for determining the exact treatment steps for such critical patients.
Paediatric Nurses Approach in Carrying Out Patient and Family Centered Care at a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Ghana
Authors: Yombei Nicholas L. , Yakong Vida Nyagre , Boateng Keren-Happuch Twumasiwaa , Boateng Williams K. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Patient and Family Centred Care (PFCC) is one of the fundamentals in paediatrics nursing which is struggling to gain recognition in nursing practice worldwide due to inadequate exploratory studies in the area. Others also call PFCC in paediatric world as Child and Family Centred Care (CFCC). Admittedly, its benefits to paediatric health care delivery cannot be measured but practicing is problematic. Nurses, policy makers and nursing research are yet to give the necessary attention PFCC deserves.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the practice of PFCC in the Paediatric Ward of Tamale Teaching Hospital.
Methodology: This study made use of a purposive convenient design. Qualitative data was collected using validated interview guide which were administered to ten participants in the Paediatric Ward of Tamale Teaching Hospital in the Tamale Metropolis.
Key Findings: The results showed majority of the participants do not have enough knowledge on PFCC, PFCC is partially being practiced and inadequate infrastructural in the ward.
Recommendations: Policy on PFCC should be established by the government, models of Patient and Family Centred Care should be developed, refresher courses on PFCC should be given to nurses, the general public should be sensitized on PFCC and more nursing research should be carried on it.