bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Nitride Nanomaterials: Properties, Synthetic Approaches and New Insights in Fluorescence Spectrometry for Assaying of Metal Ions, Organic and Biomolecules
Authors: Patel Mayurkumar Revabhai , Kailasa Suresh Kumar 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent years, carbon nitride (C3N4) nanomaterials have engraved new insights into fluorescence spectrometry for the analysis of wide variety analytes (metal ions, organic and biomolecules). This review concentrates on the properties of C3N4 nanomaterials, synthetic routes for C3N4 nanomaterials and insights in fluorescence spectrometry for the detection of various chemical species. Firstly, this review summarizes the properties (photoluminescence, electrochemical, thermal and chemical stability) of C3N4 nanostructure materials. Secondly, the recent advances on the synthetic routes for the fabrication of C3N4 nanostructures including top‐down (hydrothermal, solvothermal and exfoliation) and bottom‐up (hard and soft templet, template‐free, solvothermal, hydrothermal and microwave) are discussed. Thirdly, we describe the new insights of C3N4 nanostructures as probes for assaying of metal ions, organic and biomolecules from complex samples via fluorescence spectrometry. Finally, we have summarized the future perspectives of carbon nitride nanostructures in analytical chemistry are described.
Carbon Dot‐Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocomposite with Dual‐Mode Emission for Anti‐Fake Application
Authors: Wang Xinrui , Feng Xiangnan , Gao Xuewei , Liang Kaixiang , Shi Wenying 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is an urgent need to develop a safe, unclonable comprehensive anti‐counterfeiting technology. The novel organic‐inorganic nanocomposite material CD‐LDH uses fluorescence and phosphorescence to achieve double verification. It is made into luminous ink to write anti‐fake marks of important documents. There is no obvious trace under the fluorescent lamp, while blue light emission under the ultraviolet lamp, and a long afterglow of 5 s after the ultraviolet lamp is turned off. The material can be widely used in the fields of information transmission and anti‐fake.
Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Tin Oxide Nanocrystals with Difunctional Modification
Authors: Xi Jiahao , Yuan Jifeng , Du Jiuyao , Yan Xiaoqin , Tian Jianjun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTin oxide (SnO2) nanocrystals‐based electron transport layer (ETL) has been widely used in perovskite solar cells due to its high charge mobility and suitable energy band alignment with perovskite, but the high surface trap density of SnO2 nanocrystals harms the electron transfer and collection within device. Here, an effective method to achieve a low trap density and high electron mobility ETL based on SnO2 nanocrystals by devising a difunctional additive of potassium trifluoroacetate (KTFA) is proposed. KTFA is added to the SnO2 nanocrystals solution, in which trifluoroacetate ions could effectively passivate the oxygen vacancies (OV) in SnO2 nanocrystals through binding of TFA− and Sn4+, thus reducing the traps of SnO2 nanocrystals to boost the electrons collection in the solar cell. Furthermore, the conduction band of SnO2 nanocrystals is shifted up by surface modification to close to that of perovskite, which facilitates electrons transfer because of the decreased energy barrier between ETL and perovskite layer. Benefiting from the decreased trap density and energy barrier, the perovskite solar cells exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 21.73% with negligible hysteresis.
Ba(BO2OH) – A Monoprotonated Monoborate from Hydroflux Showing Intense Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Li Yuxi , Hegarty Peter A. , Rüsing Michael , Eng Lukas M. , Ruck Michael 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPure samples of colorless, air‐stable Ba(BO2OH) crystals were obtained from Ba(NO3)2 and H3BO3 under the ultra‐alkaline conditions of a KOH hydroflux at about 250 °C. The product formation depends on the water‐base molar ratio and the molar ratio of the starting materials. B(OH)3 acts as a proton donor (Brønsted acid) rather than a hydroxide acceptor (Lewis acid). Ba(BO2OH) crystallizes in the non‐centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group P212121. Hydrogen bonds connect the almost planar (BO2OH)2− anions, which are isostructural to HCO3−, into a syndiotactic chain. IR and Raman spectroscopy confirm the presence of hydroxide groups, which are involved in weak hydrogen bonds. Upon heating in air to about 450 °C, Ba(BO2OH) dehydrates to Ba2B2O5. Moreover, the non‐centrosymmetric structure of Ba(BO2OH) crystals was verified with power‐dependent confocal Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy indicating large conversion efficiencies in ambient atmosphere.
Afterword: Temporary Measures
Authors: Blanchette Alex 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe disruptions that wracked food supply chains amid the COVID-19 pandemic were not exceptional circumstances so much as they were events that intensified and clarified the routine norms of a capitalist system of sustenance that operates in a state of permanent emergency. The capitalist food system is one that develops through temporary measures—acts that seek to patch structural weaknesses before they explode in ways that could destabilize the system itself. Looking via the lens of US animal agriculture, this concluding chapter asks if viewing the food system in this way might open up alternative ways of thinking about political agency in times of mundane crisis, highlighting the messy contingencies of capitalism’s own persistent efforts to foreclose the realizations of other, fuller visions of nourishment.
Agri-investment Cashing in on COVID-19
Authors: Sippel Sarah Ruth 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGlobal agri-food relationships are continuously changing. However, some periods can be perceived as critical moments when sudden events challenge established patterns and introduce new dynamics within the agri-food system. Many observers identified the food price hikes in 2007/2008 as such a “turning point”. The food price hikes were seen as a stark reminder of the fragility and volatility of the global food system and interpreted as signalling a structural crisis in agriculture and its organizational and institutional frameworks. The 2008 crisis produced both winners and losers. Among the winners were institutional investors that started engaging much more actively in the area of productive resources. Roughly ten years later, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted global agri-food relationships again, perhaps even more profoundly. This chapter juxtaposes the crises of 2007/2008 and 2020/2021 and explores the role of financial actors within them. It analyses how financial investors, who emerged as powerful actors out of the 2008 crisis, responded to, and dealt with, the COVID-19 crisis. It further investigates how the pandemic has been rhetorically framed, what investment strategies were promoted, and how financial investors anticipate their engagement with agri-food in (post-)pandemic times.
Free quotients of favorable Calabi-Yau manifolds
Authors: Gray James , Wang Juntao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Non-simply connected Calabi-Yau threefolds play a central role in the study of string compactifications. Such manifolds are usually described by quotienting a simply connected Calabi-Yau variety by a freely acting discrete symmetry. For the Calabi-Yau threefolds described as complete intersections in products of projective spaces, a classification of such symmetries descending from linear actions on the ambient spaces of the varieties has been given in [16]. However, which symmetries can be described in this manner depends upon the description that is being used to represent the manifold. In [24] new, favorable, descriptions were given of this data set of Calabi-Yau threefolds. In this paper, we perform a classification of cyclic symmetries that descend from linear actions on the ambient spaces of these new favorable descriptions. We present a list of 129 symmetries/non-simply connected Calabi-Yau threefolds. Of these, at least 33, and potentially many more, are topologically new varieties.
Die Mammareduktionsplastik – doch mehr als eine rein plastische Operation?
Authors: Hoffmann Oliver , Groth Nina , Moukas Stefanos Ioannis , Kimmig Klaus Rainer , Bittner Ann-Kathrin 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der Mammahyperplasie stellt sich ein vielfältiges Beschwerdebild dar, neben den körperlichen Beschwerden leiden Patientinnen häufig unter psychischen Beschwerden. Die Mammareduktionsplastik ist nach wie vor eine der am häufigsten durchgeführten plastischen Operationen an der weiblichen Brust, sie wird von den Krankenkassen aber in vielen Fällen nicht bezahlt. Ziel dieser monozentrischen retrospektiven Studie war die Evaluation des Einflusses der Mammareduktionsplastik auf die Beschwerden der Patientinnen. Es zeigte sich postoperativ eine signifikante Reduktion der Rückenschmerzen, 50 % der Patientinnen waren postoperativ beschwerdefrei. Einhergehend hiermit kam es ebenfalls zu einer signifikanten Reduktion von Kopf- und Nackenschmerzen, muskulären Verspannungen sowie Schulterschmerzen, und es kam zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung von Haltungsfehlern. Cutisveränderungen und Entzündungen traten signifikant weniger postoperativ auf. Positiv wurde der Effekt durch die Operation auf den psychischen Leidensdruck bewertet, es zeigte sich eine signifikante Verbesserung von Selbstbewusstsein, Körperbild und Wohlbefinden und es resultierte ebenfalls eine Verbesserung der Situation im Berufsleben. Zusammenfassend zeigt sich eine signifikante Verbesserung der körperlichen und psychischen Beschwerden.
Datenbasierte Modellierung und Regelung von trockenen Mahl‑/Sichtkreisläufen
Authors: Kirchner Rupert 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge eines Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprojekts arbeitet CEMTEC Cement and Mining Technology GmbH gemeinsam mit dem Lehrstuhl für Aufbereitung und Veredlung an der Montanuniversität Leoben an neuwertigen und innovativen Regelansätzen für industrielle Mahlanlagen, die bei der trockenen Vermahlung von Rohstoffen zum Einsatz gelangen sollen. Es werden hierbei sowohl physikalisch basierte als auch datenbasierte Modelle in Form eines hybriden Systems kombiniert. Ziel des Projektes ist es, ein Regelsystem zu schaffen, das die jeweiligen Stärken der physikalischen und datenbasierten Modelle erkennt und situativ den optimalen Lösungsweg mit der maximal erzielbaren Anlagenenergieeffizienz wählt. Die industrielle Ausrollung des neuen Reglers ist mit Ende 2022 geplant.
Biostabilization process of undersized fraction of municipal solid waste with biochar addition
Authors: Malinowski Mateusz 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe main goal of this work was to analyze the impact of biochar addition and changes in air-flow rates on the intensive phase of aerobic biostabilization of undersized fraction of municipal solid waste (UFMSW). The novelty of this paper stems from the use of biochar to shorten the process and generate “well-stabilized waste”. The following six different input mixtures were tested (without biochar and with the addition of biochar at: 1.5%, 3%, 5%, 10% and 20%), at three different air-flow rates: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 m3·d−1·(kg org DM)−1. It was found that the biochar addition of more than 3 wt% causes water accumulation in the treated waste, but does not allow for reducing organic matter (OM) content below 35% DM, nor OMloss values below 40% (the exception is the 5 wt% addition of biochar at the air-flow rate of 0.2 m3·d−1·(kg org DM)−1). Moreover, 10 wt% and 20 wt% biochar additions to UFMSW intensify the increase in microbial abundance, which may result in higher oxygen demand or development of anaerobic zones. The most favorable biochar doses in terms of final UFMSW sanitization are 3 wt% and 5 wt%.
#Metoo or #Hertoo? A Moderated Mediation Model of Gender Differences in Perceptions of Sexual Harassment
Authors: Clarke Heather M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSexual harassment continues to pervade workplaces due, at least in part, to gender differences in the perception of sociosexual behaviors. Some scholars have argued that such differences are minimal and inconsistent. This study examined and demonstrated several reasons why this conclusion is fallacious. Approximately equal numbers of gay men (n = 191), heterosexual men (n = 193), lesbians (n = 190), and heterosexual women (n = 196) reported their perceptions of scenarios describing an interaction between a target and their manager. The target was either a fictional female, a fictional male, or the participant. As predicted, only heterosexual men’s perceptions of sociosexual behaviors varied by the target of the behaviors. Heterosexual men viewed the behaviors as harassment only when the target was female. Further, women and gay men, but not heterosexual men, viewed the sociosexual behaviors as discrimination. The results also supported a moderated mediation model where, following exposure to sociosexual behaviors, the effect of participant group on perceived sexual harassment was mediated by fear and perceived discrimination and moderated by target. This study contributes to research on workplace sexual harassment by explaining alleged inconsistent results of studies of gender differences in perceptions of sexual harassment and by proposing and testing a novel process following exposure to sociosexual behaviors in the workplace.
Invasive slipper limpets (Crepidula fornicata) act like a sink, rather than source, of Vibrio spp.
Authors: Quinn Emma A. , Malkin Sophie H. , Thomas Jessica E. , Poole Ryan , Davies Charlotte E. , Rowley Andrew F. , Coates Christopher J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA large knowledge gap exists regarding the disease profile and pathologic condition of the invasive, slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata. To help address this, we performed a year-long health survey at two sites in South Wales, UK – subtidal Swansea Bay and intertidal Milford Haven. In total, 1,800 limpets were screened systematically for haemolymph bacterial burdens using both general and vibrio-selective growth media (TSA + 2% NaCl and TCBS, respectively), haemolymph (blood) inspection using microscopy, a PCR-based assay targeting Vibrio spp., and multi-tissue histology. Over 99% of haemolymph samples contained cultivable bacterial colony-forming units, and 83% of limpets tested positive for the presence of vibrios via PCR (confirmed via Sanger sequencing). Vibrio presence did not vary greatly between sites, yet a strong seasonal effect was observed with significantly higher bacterial loads during the summer. Binomial logistic regression models revealed larger (older) limpets were more likely to harbour vibrios, and the growth of bacteria on TCBS was a key predictor for PCR-based vibrio detection. Histological assessment of > 340 animals revealed little evidence of inflammation, sepsis or immune reactivity despite the gross bacterial numbers. We contend that slipper limpets are not highly susceptible to bacteriosis at either site, and do not harbour vibrios known to be pathogenic to humans. The lack of susceptibility to local pathogenic bacteria may explain, in part, the invasion success of C. fornicata across this region.
Development effort estimation in free/open source software from activity in version control systems
Authors: Robles Gregorio , Capiluppi Andrea , Gonzalez-Barahona Jesus M. , Lundell Björn , Gamalielsson Jonas 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEffort estimation models are a fundamental tool in software management, and used as a forecast for resources, constraints and costs associated to software development. For Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) projects, effort estimation is especially complex: professional developers work alongside occasional, volunteer developers, so the overall effort (in person-months) becomes non-trivial to determine. The objective of this work it to develop a simple effort estimation model for FOSS projects, based on the historic data of developers’ effort. The model is fed with direct developer feedback to ensure its accuracy. After extracting the personal development profiles of several thousands of developers from 6 large FOSS projects, we asked them to fill in a questionnaire to determine if they should be considered as full-time developers in the project that they work in. Their feedback was used to fine-tune the value of an effort threshold, above which developers can be considered as full-time. With the help of the over 1,000 questionnaires received, we were able to determine, for every project in our sample, the threshold of commits that separates full-time from non-full-time developers. We finally offer guidelines and a tool to apply our model to FOSS projects that use a version control system.
Enhanced deep learning based channel estimation for indoor VLC systems
Authors: Salama Wessam M. , Aly Moustafa H. , Amer Eman S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to improve the channel estimation (CE) in the indoor visible light communication (VLC) system. We propose a system that depends on a comparison between Deep Neural Networks (DNN) and Kalman Filter (KF) algorithm for two optical modulation techniques; asymmetrically clipped optical-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (ACO-OFDM) and direct current optical-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM). The channel estimation can be evaluated by changing the rate of errors in the received bits, where increased error means a performance decrease of the system and vice versa. Receiving less errors at the receiver indicates improved channel estimation and system performance. Thus, the main aim of our proposal is decreasing the error rate by using different estimators. Using the simulation results with the metric parameter of bit error rate (BER) aims to determine the improvement ratio between different systems. The proposed model is trained with OFDM signal samples with labels, where the labels represent the received signal after applying OFDM travelling across the medium. At a BER = 10–3 with DCO-OFDM, the DNN outperforms KF with 1.6 dB (7.6%) at the bit energy per noise $$({{\varvec{E}}}_{{\varvec{b}}}/{{\varvec{N}}}_{{\varvec{o}}})$$

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axis. Also, for ACO-OFDM at BER = 10–3, the DNN achieves better results than KF by about 1.3 dB (8.12%) at the $$({{\varvec{E}}}_{{\varvec{b}}}/{{\varvec{N}}}_{{\varvec{o}}}).$$

(

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.

At different values of M in QAM, the DNN outperforms KF for ACO-OFDM by average improvement of ~ 1 dB (~ 11.5%).
Reconceptualizing solidarity as power from below
Authors: Zheng Robin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractI propose a new concept of solidarity, which I call “solidarity from below,” that highlights an aspect of solidarity widely recognized in popular uses of the term, but which has hitherto been neglected in the philosophical literature. Solidarity from below is the collective ability of otherwise powerless people to organize themselves for transformative social change. I situate this concept with respect to four distinct but intertwined questions that have motivated extant theorizing about solidarity. I explain what it means to conceptualize solidarity from below as a form of power, rather than as a feeling, disposition, duty, or scheme of social arrangements. Finally, I suggest that the moral-relational aspects of solidarity emerge secondarily from the process of collective power, and not the other way around.
Soil quality under different agricultural land uses as evaluated by chemical, geochemical and ecological indicators in mountains with high rainfall (Darjeeling Himalayas, India)
Authors: Kijowska-Strugała Małgorzata , Baran Agnieszka , Szara-Bąk Magdalena , Wiejaczka Łukasz , Prokop Paweł 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Agricultural land use associated with intensification in plant growing affects the physicochemical parameters of soils and thus soil quality. The aim of this study was to identify the quality of soils in the Peshok catchment in the Eastern Himalayas under different types of land use (tea, horticulture, rice), under high monsoon rainfall conditions.

Methods
Physical and chemical analysis were used, e.g. bulk density, pH, TOC, major and trace element content (such as Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn) based on AntonPaar Multiwave 3000 microwave system and nitrogen and sulphur content using CNS Elementar Vario MAX cube analyser. In addition, ecotoxicological analyses were performed using the Microtox test. Soil quality was assessed on the basis of chemical indicators related to the mobility of trace elements (risk assessment code, individual contamination factor and global contamination factor); geochemical indicators (geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, contamination factor, contamination degree, modified contamination degree, pollution load index and improved Nemerow pollution index); and ecological indicators (potential ecological risk coefficient and potential ecological risk index). A statistical package of Statistica v13 was used for statistical analysis.

Results
Soils in the analysed catchment are characterised by low contents of macro- and microelements. It was shown that natural factors, such as high precipitation and steep slopes, favour strong leaching of elements from the soil, and farming systems based on natural and chemical fertilisation, terracing and irrigation are not able to balance them fully. The contents of TOC and N as well as pH were determined mainly by the land use. Results of statistical analyses and geochemical indicators revealed the predominantly natural origins of elements. The higher Ga content indicated a relationship with the local geology and the higher Cu content with the use of fertilisers. Indicators showed a low ecological risk related to the presence of trace elements, and soil ecotoxicity to A. fischeri was generally determined by the acidic pH of the tested soils. Low mobility was observed for most elements, and regardless of the land use, the residual fraction predominated.

Conclusion
The study showed that use of many indicators can more fully describe soil quality in relation to land use, especially in the case of a low content of trace elements. Moreover, this approach helps to better understand the changes taking place in soil quality under different land uses in mountains with high rainfall.
LIDAR-Based Phenotyping for Drought Response and Drought Tolerance in Potato
Authors: Mulugeta Aneley Gedif , Haas Manuela , Köhl Karin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs climate changes, maintenance of yield stability requires efficient selection for drought tolerance. Drought-tolerant cultivars have been successfully but slowly bred by yield-based selection in arid environments. Marker-assisted selection accelerates breeding but is less effective for polygenic traits. Therefore, we investigated a selection based on phenotypic markers derived from automatic phenotyping systems. Our trial comprised 64 potato genotypes previously characterised for drought tolerance in ten trials representing Central European drought stress scenarios. In two trials, an automobile LIDAR system continuously monitored shoot development under optimal (C) and reduced (S) water supply. Six 3D images per day provided time courses of plant height (PH), leaf area (A3D), projected leaf area (A2D) and leaf angle (LA). The evaluation workflow employed logistic regression to estimate initial slope (k), inflection point (Tm) and maximum (Mx) for the growth curves of PH and A2D. Genotype × environment interaction affected all parameters significantly. Tm(A2D)s and Mx(A2D)s correlated significantly positive with drought tolerance, and Mx(PH)s correlated negatively. Drought tolerance was not associated with LAc, but correlated significantly with the LAs during late night and at dawn. Drought-tolerant genotypes had a lower LAs than drought-sensitive genotypes, thus resembling unstressed plants. The decision tree model selected Tm(A2D)s and Mx(PH)c as the most important parameters for tolerance class prediction. The model predicted sensitive genotypes more reliably than tolerant genotype and may thus complement the previously published model based on leaf metabolites/transcripts.