bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breeding Grapes for Central Florida1
Authors: Mortensen J. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The most successful grape growing areas of the world are those in which little rain falls during the ripening period of the fruit. Abundant rains during this period promote disease, cracking and rotting of berries, and watery grapes of inferior quality (39). In Florida the time of ripening for grapes is June to September, which is also the time of most frequent rainfall. Since Vitis vinifera L. is highly susceptible to the diseases that accompany summer rainfall, new disease-resistant cultivars are needed with fruiting characters competitive with V. vinifera. Sources of such resistance in Vitis are found in both subgenera: Muscadinia (muscadine type) and Euvitis (bunch type) (1).
2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid and 1,1,5,5-Tetramethyl-3-dimethylaminodithiobiuret as Chemical Thinners for Peach1
Authors: Martin George C. , Nelson M. M. , Nishijima Chikara 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar sprays of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) at petal fall or when the ovules had grown to 4 or 9 mm resulted in an acceptable level of thinning on ‘Johnson’ and ‘Halford’ peach. Thinning of ‘Fay Elberta’ with ethephon occurred at the 5- to 9-mm ovule length. Foliar sprays of 1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-3-dimethylaminodithiobiuret (ER-3952) effectively thinned ‘Johnson’ and ‘Halford’ at the 4- to 9-mm ovule length but gave poor results with ‘Fay Elberta’.
Effect of Potassium Nitrate Foliar Sprays on Leaf Nitrogen Concentration and Growth of Peach Trees1
Authors: Leece D. R. , Kenworthy A. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Foliar sprays of KNO3 were applied to young, N-deficient peach trees in 2 experiments over a 2-year period. Urea was compared with KNO3 in 1 year. Neither autumn nor spring applications of KNO3 or urea increased leaf N concn or tree growth significantly, although, in 1 year, the sprays delayed the onset of leaf senescence. By comparison, an autumn soil application of NH4NO3 significantly increased leaf N concn, terminal shoot growth, and trunk circumference.
Organic Gardening, Is it the Answer?
Authors: Carolus Robert L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A growing uneasiness that the natural environment may be deteriorating is causing increasing numbers of intelligent concerned people, both young and old, to challenge scientific agricultural practices and embrace and promote the back to “nature” philosophy of the organic gardeners. The followers of the “organic” way condemn or prohibit the use of all manufactured agricultural chemicals and advocate the use of only certain “natural” products and biodegradable refuse in producing, and biological means in protecting their “organically” grown foods and ornamentals. If their practices were universally adopted, they contend, a more healthful abundant life in a less polluted environment would soon follow.
Production of Gladiolus Fruit and Seed from Detached Spikes1
Authors: Wilfret G. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mature fruit and viable seed were produced from gladiolus spikes which were harvested in tight bud, placed in vases containing water, and hand pollinated. The addition of 600 ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate + 2% sucrose (8-HQC + S) greatly increased fruit size, wt and the no. of viable seed. Nutrient solution decreased fruit and seed wt as compared to water alone and reduced the effect of 8-HQC + S.
Studies of Greenhouse Orientation in a Heliodon1
Authors: Mattson Richard H. , Maxwell Thomas J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shadows were photographed in a wire-model greenhouse oriented in N-S, E-W, and NE to SW (45°) directions in a heliodon which simulated 39° N latitude. Photographs were taken at 2 hr intervals during morning hours of winter and summer solstices. E-W greenhouses cast fewer shadows than other orientations during the winter solstice. Similar amounts of shadows occurred in all orientations during the summer solstice.
Technical Developments in Bulk Storage Processing1
Authors: Nelson Philip E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Those familiar with the fruit and vegetable processing industries are aware of the serious problems of the seasonal processor. The short and hectic harvest season produces a number of conditions that reduces the effectiveness of these horticultural industries. Some of the more serious problems include the following:
Short supply of labor
Processing bottlenecks
Over production of certain products
Large capital investment
Sizable inventory expenses
Large warehousing costs
Large waste disposal load over a short period of time
Raw product scheduling
Changes in Lycopene and Carotene Content of ‘Redblush’ Grapefruit Exposed to High Temperatures1
Authors: Meredith Filmore I. , Young Roger H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The flesh of ‘Redblush’ grapefruit exposed to 41.8°C day/36.1°C night temperatures in environmental growth chambers for 60 days did not increase in lycopene content, while fruit exposed to natural conditions in sunlight and under shade did. Lowering the temperature from 41.8°C/36.1°C to 32.2°C/21.1°C produce a high level of lycopene. Carotene concns. of fruit exposed to 41.8°C/36.1°C and natural conditions remained the same. Exposure to 32.2°C/21.1°C caused a small increase in carotene, while exposure to natural conditions, at lower temperatures, caused a larger increase in carotene.
Effect of Subfreezing Temperature on the Viability of Persian Walnut Pollen1
Authors: Griggs William H. , Forde Harold I. , Iwakiri Ben T. , Asay Richard N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Viability of walnut, Juglans regia L., pollen was not diminished by storage at subfreezing temperature, as previously indicated. Pollen stored 20 days at −19°C effected high percentages of fruit set in the orchard in 1969. Fruit set of the bagged flowers was relatively low in 1970, but the set effected by pollen stored a year at −19°C was not significantly different from that effected by fresh pollen. Laboratory tests indicated less than 1% germination for both freshly dehisced and stored pollen, and were unreliable for indicating the ability of walnut pollen to effect fertilization.
Urban Vegetation: Values and Stresses1
Authors: Lanphear F. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Increasing urban problems in regards to people and plants suggest consideration of a new emphasis in urban horticulture. This article is based on a talk presented by F. O. Lanphear at a symposium entitled “Urban Ecology Today” at the AAAS meetings in Chicago, Illinois in December, 1970.
Golden Cotyledon: A Radiation-Induced Mutant in Cucumber
Authors: Whelan Ernest D. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Golden cotyledon, in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), induced in seed treated with gamma radiation, is controlled by a single recessive gene, designated gc. The gene is lethal in the homozygous recessive state and seedlings die 7 to 10 days after emergence.
Whitewashing to Prevent Sunburn of ‘Crenshaw’ Melons1
Authors: Lipton W. J. , Matoba F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sunburn of ‘Crenshaw’ melons (Cucumis melo, L.) was greatly reduced by spraying the fruits with a suspension of finely ground aluminum silicate at a concn of 1 lb. per gal of water. An effective spreader-sticker and complete coverage were essential. The material was readily removable by washing or wet brushing. The whitewash reduced the max pulp temperature at 1 to 2 mm depth by 4°C and the surface temperature by 8°. Incidence of postharvest decay was not related to sunburn, and decay most frequently started at the stem end.
Effect of Row Width and Direction, and Mist Irrigation on the Microclimate of Bush Beans1
Authors: Crandall P. C. , Jensen M. C. , Chamberlain J. D. , James L. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Tempo’ bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) planted in rows spaced 12-inches apart yielded 64% more crop and had 64.4% more leaf surface per unit area than those planted in 36-inch rows. Row direction in relation to the prevailing wind had little effect on yields but a perpendicular arrangement caused lower relative humidity and higher air temperatures than parallel. Widening the row spacing increased the effect on relative humidity. Mist applications increased relative humidity and lowered air temperature.
Introduction to the Symposia
Authors: Dilley David R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Widespread interest exists among horticulturists in the biosynthesis and mode of action of ethylene in relation to plant growth and development. The recent introduction of the ethylene-generating chemical, ethephon, has stimulated a tremendous amount of research broadly varying across many agricultural disciplines. Exogenous ethylene, supplementing that produced by the plant, has been found to exert diverse morphological and physiological effects, many of which may prove to be of horticultural importance. Depending upon the stage of plant development ethylene may; inhibit cell division and elongation, promote radial cell expansion and extend the growth period, promote flowering and modify sex expression, promote leaf and fruit abscission, and promote fruit ripening in addition to a myriad of other effects. Research at both the basic and applied level has contributed much to our current knowledge of ethylene's involvement in plant growth and development and has laid the ground work for future investigations.
Practical Applications of (2-Chloroethyl)Phosphonic Acid in Agricultural Production
Authors: de Wilde Robert C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In 1946 Kabachnik and Rossiiskaya (96) reported the chemical synthesis of “2-chloroethanephosphonic” acid and in 1963 Maynard and Swan (125) described the formation of ethylene from this compound. When (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon; also variously cited as 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid, Amchem 66-329, CEPA and Ethrel® disintegrates, it releases ethylene and also chloride and phosphate ions (43, 67, 125, 196, 202) Ethephon is essentially stable in aqueous solutions below pH 4. When the presence of hydroxyl ions is increased and the pH rises above 4, disintegration of the chemical takes place. The pH of the cytoplasm of plant cells is generally greater than 4, so the plant growth activity of ethephon has been attributed primarily to its ability to release ethylene to plant tissues (14, 43, 132, 195, 196). Ethrel formulations provide a convenient way to apply ethylene without the need of gas-confining chambers.
Instant Waxing by Use of the arg Gene as a Means to Improve Wax Beans1
Authors: Dickson M. H. , Shannon S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The arg y gene combination in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) normally produces white pods, but pods with desirable yellow wax bean color can be developed by selection within this genotype for high cartoenoid levels and low chlorophyll levels. These pods exhibit acceptable yellow color at all stages of growth, unlike normal wax pods which are green initially but turn yellow in color only as they approach full size.
Screening Tomatoes for Ozone Resistance1
Authors: Clayberg Carl D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Among more than 1200 tomato lines of a world-wide collection, 4 of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, were found to be resistant to ozone: PI 109835, PI 237136, PI 285663, and PI 303792. When these were tested against a sample of American cultivars, 2 additional resistant cultivars were found: ‘Heinz 1439’ and ‘New Yorker’.
Cellulase Activity and Ethylene Concentration in Citrus Fruit Sprayed with Abscission-inducing Chemicals1
Authors: Rasmussen G. K. , Jones J. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Cellulase activity in separation zones of ‘Orlando’ tangelo and ‘Valencia’ orange fruits was associated with the ethylene concn in their internal atm. The pull force required to separate the fruit from its stem decreased when ethylene increased cellulase activity.
Effect of Shuck Disease on Ripening and Filling of Nuts of Carya illinoensis (Wang.) Koch cv. Success1
Authors: Schaller C. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Healthy nuts and nuts showing advanced stages of shuck disease of Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch cv. Success were harvested at intervals prior to and during the normal ripening period. Shuck disease appears as a black spot on the shuck adjoining and finally surrounding the peduncle. Shuck disease greatly reduced the wt, density, shelling %, and grade of the nuts. The date of termination of filling of the nuts noticeably affected nut quality and shelling %.
Prolonging Dormancy of Tung Trees with Spray Oil and Succinic Acid-2,2-Dimethylhydrazide1
Authors: Raese J. Thomas 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Naphthenic oil with and without succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) was applied to dormant tung trees in February or early March to delay bloom in the spring. A late frost occurred in March 1968; the only branches of the trees to flower and set fruit were those that were treated with napthenic oil and oil with SADH. By contrast, branches treated with aqueous SADH were not saved. In 1969, branch sprays of 10% oil with 1% SADH resulted in delaying bloom up to 5 days and in setting more fruit than the control. In 1970, sprays of 50% oil with 2% SADH delayed bloom on 5-year-old tung trees by approx 2 weeks.
A Proposed System for Once-over Machine Harvesting of Strawberries for Fresh Use1
Authors: Stang Elden J. , Denisen E. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A mechanized system for harvesting strawberries with minimal damage to fruit is proposed. Cultural requirements involve placing plastic or fiber mesh netting over the beds before growth of leaves and inflorescences begins, permitting leaves and fruit to develop above the netting. The prototype machine developed for the system mows off leaves, raises the netting, cuts off pedicels of fruit supported on the netting and delivers the fruit to a conveyor and bulk box before rolling up the netting for storage. The harvester is supported under and can readily be adapted to most conventional garden tracter designs. Observations on a small sample of fruit harvested by the machine suggest the possibility of a sizable reduction in amount of injury to fruit compared with earlier designs.
Crop Energetics and Horticulture1
Authors: Kriedemann P. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since crop productivity depends directly on photosynthetic efficiency, it is desirable to understand the environmental and internal factors that regulate photosynthetic rate. The purpose of this article is 1) to outline some general features of horticultural plants which enable them to utilize the aerial environment and to compare their photosynthetic behaviour with that of some other rapidly growing crop species and 2) to see if information on the physiology of energy utilization by plants is relevant to horticulture.
Register of New Fruit and Nut Varieties List 26
Authors: Brooks Reid M. , Olmo H. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bonza.-Orig. in Batlow, New South Wales, Australia, by B. Atkinson. Introd. in 1962. Chance sdlg., parentage unknown, disc, in 1953. Fruit: size medium to large; conical oblate, even; skin 80-100% bright crimson, lightly streaked, coarse and unattractive first few years, will subsequently fine up and in some localities resemble Jonathan; flesh pale, creamy white, firm texture crisp, fine-grained, flavor pleasant; good storage quality, approx 8 mo. at 30-32°F; ripens Mar. 25. Tree: vigor moderate; hardiness unknown; very productive, tip bearing; moderately tolerant to scab.
Effects of Defoliation Date on Yield, Quality, Nutlet Set, and Foliage Regrowth for Pecan1
Authors: Worley Ray E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Defoliation of pecan trees [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K. Koch] in August reduced yield and nut size the current season. No nutlets were set the next season when trees were defoliated on September 15 or earlier. Nutlet set increased as defoliation date became later the previous fall through November 15. Yield was less than 1 kg/tree for trees defoliated the previous season on October 15, or earlier compared with 11 kg/tree for trees defoliated November 1. Early defoliation in the fall also caused late refoliation the next spring.
Industry Needs in Relation to Genetics, Plant Breeding, and Variety Selection
Authors: Scott E. Wilbur 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
I am pleased to represent the seed industry in this symposium. However, I would like to qualify my remarks by pointing out that my comments will represent my own personal opinions and to emphasize that my experiences have been entirely in the field of plant breeding in vegetable crops. However, many of the points on which I touch should apply equally as well to breeding and variety work in fruits and ornamentals. I would also like to emphasize that by representing the seed industry our role in this discussion is sort of a middleman's role. The seed industry stands between this tax supported institution and the ultimate consumer, whether it be a home gardener, a roadstand operator, a large truck farmer, or a huge processing industry. This point is very important and should be kept clearly in mind as it has important ramifications in the relationships between tax supported institutions, ASHS and the seed companies. We would like to feel that we are members of both teams and act as sort of a buffer between them. In many cases our personnel are on a par in training and experience with those in public research institutions. Thus I think that some of the remarks I make will be much kinder to members of the Society and the Society itself than other groups may make.
Costs for Direct Seeding and Transplanting of Tomatoes for Processing1
Authors: Sullivan G. H. , Wilcox G. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Analysis of costs of tomatoes for processing indicated savings from direct seeding as compared to transplanting. Total production costs for direct seeding averaged $17.34 per acre, or 11% less than for transplanting operations, excluding potential returns from increased useable yields under direct seeding.
Regulation of Flowering in Onions by Maleic Hydrazide and Chlormequat1
Authors: Sinnadurai Suppiah , Mukherjee Illabantha , Abu John 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Maleic hydrazide (MH) partially suppressed flowering of onion (Allium cepa L. cv. Bawku) at 150 ppm and totally inhibited flowering at 1500 ppm. (2-Chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat) promoted flowering at 1000 - 4000 ppm.
Evaluation of New Ornamental Peppers1
Authors: Corley W. L. , Dempsey A. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
All available U.S. Department of Agriculture plant introductions (PI) of pepper were screened and evaluated for their value as annual ornamentals. Eighteen accessions compared favorably with the plant and fruit characters of ornamental cultivars available in the seed trade. Varying plant statures, foliage colors, and fruit colors were noted. Two new Capsicum species are reported for ornamental peppers.
Evidence for a Gibberellin-like Substance in Flower Buds of Lowbush Blueberry Under Short-day Conditions1
Authors: Collins W. B. , Irving K. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The identity of a growth-regulating substance that occurs in flower buds of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) subjected to short-day inductive conditions was investigated. The results of Avena bioassay tests and thin layer chromatography led to the conclusion that the growth regulator was similar in its properties to the gibberellins. Under continued exposure to short-day conditions the induced flower buds developed into naturally parthenocarpic fruit.
Reaction of Strawberry Cultivars and their Progenies to Leaf Scorch in Southern Illinois1
Authors: Nemec S. , Blake R. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Twenty-three strawberry cultivars, naturally infected with Diplocarpon earliana (Ell. & Ev.) Wolf, ranged from resistant in cultivars such as ‘Earlibelle’, ‘Albritton’ and ‘Empire’ to very susceptible in the cultivars ‘Redglow’, ‘Jerseybelle’ and ‘Vesper’. In general, leaf scorch resistance ratings were similar to those for the same cultivars tested elsewhere.
In 14 progenies from crosses involving 9 cultivars a larger % of seedlings were rated resistant from selfed resistant (R) parents than from selfed susceptible (S) or intermediate (I) parents, or from crosses involving these parents.
Analysis of Vegetable Seedlings Grown in Contact with Apollo 14 Lunar Surface Fines1
Authors: Walkinshaw Charles H. , Johnson Pratt H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chemical analyses and other measurements made on lunar-treated plant seedlings grown for 14 to 21 days demonstrate a direct interaction between germfree plants and lunar material. Treated plants dissolved and absorbed significant quantities of Al, Fe, and Ti from the lunar fines. Cabbage and Brussels sprouts were particularly efficient in the dissolution and absorption of Mn. These results suggested that the beneficial effects observed in the Apollo 11 and 12 quarantine studies might be caused by the uptake of ions from the lunar material.
Gibberellin Estimation by an Adaptation of the Dwarf Rice Bioassay1
Authors: Martin George C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Tan-ginbozu’ dwarf rice was responsive to root-applied gibberellins which had previously been separated by thin layer chromatography on glass fiber sheets. A 3-day test was less variable than 4, 5, 6 or 7-day tests. Seven replications enabled 50% differences in growth to be discernible with 95% confidence among 3 treatments; with 2 treatments, 50% differences in growth were discernible with 4 replications.
Calcium Accumulation in Fruit of Certain Apple Crosses1
Authors: Faust Miklos , Shear C. B. , Oberle G. B. , Carpenter G. T. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Progenies of various apple cultivars differ in their accumulation of calcium into the fruit. Fruit from seedlings of ‘Cortland’ accumulated relatively high, whereas seedlings of ‘Cox Orange’ accumulated low Ca. Ca content of 15 progenies are listed.
The Effect of Physiological Seed Quality on Plant Establishment
Authors: Pollock Bruce M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Physiological seed quality can be divided into 2 components. “Viability,” whether a seed is living or dead, is one of these. Because of the emphasis of the seed industry on seed quality, and the stringent enforcement of regulatory laws in past years, viability is not a problem of serious concern to the vegetable industry today.
Sprinkle, Furrow and Trickle Irrigation of Muskmelon in an Arid Zone1
Authors: Shmueli M. , Goldberg D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In a comparison of sprinkle, furrow and trickle irrigation applied during the growing season from August to December to muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Haogen-2), vegetative growth was found more rapid and yields were earlier and higher with the trickle method. No yield differences were detected between sprinkle and furrow irrigation. Salt accumulation on the leaves was greater with sprinkling than with the other 2 methods which do not wet the foliage. The chloride concn in the leaves was also high throughout the entire growing season with sprinkle irrigation. Soil chloride content during the growing season varied according to the method of irrigation.
Sprinkle and Trickle Irrigation of Green Pepper in an Arid Zone1
Authors: Goldberg D. , Shmueli M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. cv. California Wonder) were sprinkle and trickle irrigated, each at 2 different frequencies, during the growing season from September to April. Yield, leaf growth, and root development were all greater with trickle than with sprinkle irrigation. Frequency of water application had a slight, but non-significant effect. Yield tended to decrease when the plants were sprinkle irrigated daily. With trickle irrigation, the infrequent interval, every 5 days, tended to reduce the yield. Leaf chloride content was considerably greater under sprinkling, especially at the frequent interval.