bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faecal dry matter excretion per se affects faecal calcium and phosphorus losses in dogs
Authors: Hofmann Celina , Kienzle Ellen , Dobenecker Britta 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the effect of faecal dry matter (DM) excretion on faecal losses of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) without potentially confounding factors. Dogs were fed two levels of the same basal diet (cooked pork, rice, gelatine; 8.5 ± 0.7 and 12.6 ± 1.2 g DM/kg BW). Mineral supplements were added separately for identical Ca and P supply independent of DM intake (Ca 226 and P ~170 mg/kg BW). Digestion trials (10 days adaptation, 5 days quantitative faecal collection) were carried out. Digestibility of DM averaged 87% in both trials. Faecal DM and mineral excretion increased highly significant (DM 1.1 ± 0.3 to 1.7 ± 0.2 g/kg BW, p = 0.00005; Ca 185 ± 34 and 233 ± 22 mg/kg BW, p = 0.00119; P 99 ± 23 to 127 ± 12 mg/kg BW, p = 0.00212), revealing a highly significant correlation. Apparent digestibility of Ca was positive in the first trial and negative in the second leading to a slightly negative Ca retention in the latter one. The results suggest that in dogs (i) factors influencing Ca and P absorption can only be compared if faecal DM excretion is identical and (ii) Ca requirements may be affected by DM intake and digestibility.
Efficacy of ablation index‐guided pulmonary vein isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Jiang Ruhong , Chen Minglong , Fan Jie , Yi Fu , Tang Anli , Liu Xingpeng , Zhu Wenqing , Liu Shaowen , Huang Xiaobo , Liu Qiang , Ju Weizhu , Zhang Xi , Li Jie , He Jiangui , Shi Liang , Zhou Genqing , Wang Yuegang , Fu Guosheng , Jiang Chenyang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAblation index (AI) is a novel technology of ablation lesion quality to help improve homogeneity of lesion size and continuity. In this study, we aim to evaluate whether AI‐guided PVI improves clinical outcomes compared to CF‐guided PVI in patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF).MethodsPatients undergoing first‐time radiofrequency ablation for PAF were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to two groups: AI‐guided PVI and CF‐guided PVI. In the AI group, AI ≥500 was recommended at the anterior/superior/inferior walls, 350–400 at the posterior wall, and inter‐lesion distance ≤4 mm. The primary endpoint is the freedom from atrial arrhythmia recurrence during 12 months follow‐up, without antiarrhythmic drug therapy (ADT). The key secondary endpoints include intra‐procedural efficiency and peri‐procedural complications.ResultsTwo hundred twenty five patients were randomized (AI group [n = 149] and CF group [n = 76]). First‐pass isolation rate in AI group was significantly higher than that in CF group (58.3% vs. 43.4%, p = .035). After a median follow‐up of 12.2 months, 154/225 (68.4%) of patients were free from atrial arrhythmia recurrence without ADT, which was higher in AI group compared with CF group, but without significant difference (71.1% vs. 63.2%, p = .253). The incidence of peri‐procedural complications is low and without difference between two groups.ConclusionsAI‐guided ablation provided higher acute efficacy than CF‐guided ablation in PV isolation for patients with paroxysmal AF. The long‐term success rate in AI group was higher than CF group, but did not reach statistical significance.
Scurvy in children – A neglected disease?
Authors: Iamopas Orawan , Ratanachu‐ek Suntaree , Kaewnimee Suranat 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe incidences of pediatric scurvy has decreased substantially, particularly in developed countries, but there are still reports of it from developing countries. Unusual manifestations have led to delays in diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, there are few publications regarding misdiagnosis of scurvy. The objective is to determine dietary factors, clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiologic findings, treatment, and outcomes of scurvy cases. The occurrence of misdiagnosis and its associated factors are also explored.MethodThe medical records of 0–18 year‐old children from 2003 to 2016, diagnosed with scurvy, were included and reviewed. Clinical data, and data regarding feeding history, nutritional status, laboratory and radiologic findings, and misdiagnosis were collected. Univariate and logistic regression analysis were used for identification of the independent associated factors.ResultsThe study consisted of 106 children. The boys‐to‐girls ratio was 2.2:1, and their mean age was 44.65 months ± 30.50 months. The common manifestations were refusal to walk, tenderness, and swelling at the lower extremities. Four participants had unusual manifestations including proptosis and scalp hematoma. Low serum vitamin C level and abnormal radiologic findings were detected in most patients. All of them fully recovered after receiving vitamin C supplementation. Misdiagnosis was identified in 74 cases (69%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that temperature higher than or equal to 38 °C, participants aged 3 years or below, and swelling at lower extremities were independently associated with misdiagnosis (adjusted OR 5.91, 3.78, and 3.56 respectively).ConclusionsScurvy still exists, and misdiagnosis often occurs. Taking a careful medical history and conducting a physical examination are still the best way to diagnose scurvy.
Non‐antibiotic approaches to combat motile Aeromonas infections in aquaculture: Current state of knowledge and future perspectives
Authors: Dien Le Thanh , Ngo Thao Phuong Huynh , Nguyen Thao V. , Kayansamruaj Pattanapon , Salin Krishna R. , Mohan Chadag Vishnumurthy , Rodkhum Channarong , Dong Ha Thanh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInland aquaculture contributed by three major fish groups, including carps, tilapias, and catfish plays a vital role in global food security and nutrition, particularly in low and middle‐income countries. However, the sustainable development of this sector is hampered by disease epidemics, especially those caused by bacteria such as Aeromonas species. At least eight pathogenic motile Aeromonas species (A. hydrophila, A. veronii, A. jandaei, A. caviae, A. sobria, A. bestiarum, A. dhakensis and A. schubertii) have been reported in aquaculture with some causing up to 100% mortality during disease outbreaks. Simultaneously, emerging multidrug‐resistant Aeromonas due to a long‐inappropriate use of antibiotics is alarming and highlights a global public health concern and negative socioeconomic impacts. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of motile Aeromonas infections, antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas species. This contribution also highlights the non‐antibiotic approaches (the solutions for preventing or treating of bacterial diseases without resorting to antibiotic use) to control motile Aeromonas infections. In addition to the current state of knowledge and limitations of each prophylaxis/therapy, perspectives for future research are discussed critically, including oral/immersion multivalent vaccines, microencapsulated synbiotics, exogenous metabolites, and novel lytic bacteriophage cocktails. Some emerging applicable nanotechnology themes such as nanovaccines, nanobioactive compounds, and nanobubbles are also included in this review. In summary, combating motile Aeromonas infections in aquaculture, including multidrug‐resistant aeromonads, as well as other bacterial diseases, is a lengthy battle that requires a strategic combination of multiple non‐antibiotic approaches coherent with the One Health philosophy.
Science resource inequalities viewed as less wrong when girls are disadvantaged
Authors: Sims Riley N. , Burkholder Amanda R. , Killen Melanie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn response to some resource inequalities, children give priority to moral concerns. Yet, in others, children show ingroup preferences in their evaluations and resource allocations. The present study built upon this knowledge by investigating children's and young adults’ (N = 144; 5–6‐year‐olds, Mage = 5.83, SDage = .97; 9–11‐year‐olds, Mage = 10.74, SDage = .68; and young adults, Mage = 19.92, SDage = 1.10) evaluations and allocation decisions in a science inequality context. Participants viewed vignettes in which male and female groups received unequal amounts of science supplies, then evaluated the acceptability of the resource inequalities, allocated new boxes of science supplies between the groups, and provided justifications for their choices. Results revealed both children and young adults evaluated inequalities of science resources less negatively when girls were disadvantaged than when boys were disadvantaged. Further, 5‐ to 6‐year‐old participants and male participants rectified science resource inequalities to a greater extent when the inequality disadvantaged boys compared to when it disadvantaged girls. Generally, participants who used moral reasoning to justify their responses negatively evaluated and rectified the resource inequalities, whereas participants who used group‐focused reasoning positively evaluated and perpetuated the inequalities, though some age and participant gender findings emerged. Together, these findings reveal subtle gender biases that may contribute to perpetuating gender‐based science inequalities both in childhood and adulthood.
A simple and versatile fluorochrome‐based procedure for imaging of lipids in arbuscule‐containing cells
Authors: Montero Héctor , Paszkowski Uta 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYThe arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is characterized by the reciprocal exchange of nutrients. AM fungi are oleaginous microorganisms that obtain essential fatty acids from host plants. A lipid biosynthesis and delivery pathway has been proposed to operate in inner root cortex cells hosting arbuscules, a cell type challenging to access microscopically. Despite the central role lipids play in the association, lipid distribution patterns during arbuscule development are currently unknown. We developed a simple co‐staining method employing fluorophore‐conjugated Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) and a lipophilic blue fluorochrome, Ac‐201, for the simultaneous imaging of arbuscules and lipids distributed within arbuscule‐containing cells in high resolution. We observed lipid distribution patterns in wild‐type root infection zones in a variety of plant species. In addition, we applied this methodology to mutants of the Lotus japonicus GRAS transcription factor RAM1 and the Oryza sativa half‐size ABC transporter STR1, both proposed to be impaired in the symbiotic lipid biosynthesis‐delivery pathway. We found that lipids accumulated in cortical cells hosting stunted arbuscules in Ljram1 and Osstr1, and observed lipids in the arbuscule body of Osstr1, suggesting that in the corresponding plant species, RAM1 and STR1 may not be essential for symbiotic lipid biosynthesis and transfer from arbuscule‐containing cells, respectively. The versatility of this methodology has the potential to help elucidate key questions on the complex lipid dynamics fostering AM symbioses.
Cardiac and respiratory muscle responses to dietary N‐acetylcysteine in rats consuming a high‐saturated fat, high‐sucrose diet
Authors: Kelley Rachel C. , Lapierre Stephanie S. , Muscato Derek R. , Hahn Dongwoo , Christou Demetra D. , Ferreira Leonardo F. 
Published: August 2022

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
This study addresses whether a high‐fat, high‐sucrose diet causes cardiac and diaphragm muscle abnormalities in male rats and whether supplementation with the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine reverses diet‐induced dysfunction.
What is the main finding and its importance?
N‐Acetylcysteine attenuated the effects of high‐fat, high‐sucrose diet on markers of cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, but neither high‐fat, high‐sucrose diet nor N‐acetylcysteine affected the diaphragm. These results support the use of N‐acetylcysteine to attenuate cardiovascular dysfunction induced by a ‘Western’ diet.
AbstractIndividuals with overweight or obesity display respiratory and cardiovascular dysfunction, and oxidative stress is a causative factor in the general aetiology of obesity and of skeletal and cardiac muscle pathology. Thus, this preclinical study aimed to define diaphragmatic and cardiac morphological and functional alterations in response to an obesogenic diet in rats and the therapeutic potential of an antioxidant supplement, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC). Young male Wistar rats consumed ad libitum a ‘lean’ or high‐saturated fat, high‐sucrose (HFHS) diet for ∼22 weeks and were randomized to control or NAC (2 mg/ml in the drinking water) for the last 8 weeks of the dietary intervention. We then evaluated diaphragmatic and cardiac morphology and function. Neither HFHS diet nor NAC supplementation affected diaphragm‐specific force, peak power or morphology. Right ventricular weight normalized to estimated body surface area, left ventricular fractional shortening and posterior wall maximal shortening velocity were higher in HFHS compared with lean control animals and not restored by NAC. In HFHS rats, the elevated deceleration rate of early transmitral diastolic velocity was prevented by NAC. Our data showed that the HFHS diet did not compromise diaphragmatic muscle morphology or in vitro function, suggesting other possible contributors to breathing abnormalities in obesity (e.g., abnormalities of neuromuscular transmission). However, the HFHS diet resulted in cardiac functional and morphological changes suggestive of hypercontractility and diastolic dysfunction. Supplementation with NAC did not affect diaphragm morphology or function but attenuated some of the cardiac abnormalities in the rats receiving the HFHS diet.
Effects of Water Contamination on Micropitting and Rolling Contact Fatigue of Bearing Steels
Authors: Qin H. , Doll G. L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this research, the effects of water contamination in oil were investigated on two kinds of failures that occur in bearing steel: micropitting and rolling contact fatigue. Whereas the presence of water in the oil had little effect on the generation of surface wear in these experiments, increases in the occurrences of micropitting and rolling contact fatigue were observed due to the presence of either dissolved or free water in lubricants. Additionally, the presence of white etching matter at crack interfaces was observed and evaluated. The experimental results showed that water content can be considered as a significant factor that accelerates the formation of micropitting and fatigue cracks in rolling bearings.
Clinical presentation in EMS patients with acute chest pain in relation to sex, age and medical history: prospective cohort study
Authors: Wibring Kristoffer , Lingman Markus , Herlitz Johan , Pettersson Helena , Lerjebo Anette , Bång Angela 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveTo assess symptom presentation related to age, sex and previous medical history in patients with chest pain.DesignProspective observational cohort study.SettingTwo-centre study in a Swedish county emergency medical service (EMS) organisation.ParticipantsUnselected inclusion of 2917 patients with chest pain cared for by the EMS during 2018.Data analysisMultivariate analysis on the association between symptom characteristics, patients’ sex, age, previous acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or diabetes and the final outcome of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).ResultsSymptomology in patients assessed by the EMS due to acute chest pain varied with sex and age and also with previous ACS or diabetes. Women suffered more often from nausea (OR 1.6) and pain in throat (OR 2.1) or back (OR 2.1). Their pain was more often affected by palpation (1.7) or movement (OR 1.4). Older patients more often described pain onset while sleeping (OR 1.5) and that the onset of symptoms was slow, over hours rather than minutes (OR 1.4). They were less likely to report pain in other parts of their body than their chest (OR 1.4). They were to a lesser extent clammy (OR 0.6) or nauseous (OR 0.6). These differences were present regardless of whether the symptoms were caused by AMI or not.ConclusionsA number of aspects of the symptom of chest pain appear to differ in unselected prehospital patients with chest pain in relation to age, sex and medical history, regardless of whether the chest pain was caused by a myocardial infarction or not. This complicates the possibility in prehospital care of using symptoms to predict the underlying aetiology of acute chest pain.
Experiences of patients with multimorbidity with primary care and the association with patient activation: a cross-sectional study in Germany
Authors: Breckner Amanda , Glassen Katharina , Schulze Josefine , Lühmann Dagmar , Schaefer Ingmar , Szecsenyi Joachim , Scherer Martin , Wensing Michel 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the association between patient activation and patients’ experience of care among an elderly multimorbid population in Germany.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPrimary care practices in two German settings.Participants346 patients with 3 or more chronic conditions aged 65 years and over from 36 primary care practices.Outcome measuresPatient activation was measured with the patient activation measure (PAM). To assess patient experiences with primary care, a set of questions concerning domains of primary care were included. Multilevel regression analyses were performed to examine which domains of care were associated with patient activation.ResultsOut of 1243 invited patients, a total of 346 took part in the study (participation rate 27.8 %). Mean PAM score was 76.1. Across all patients, 3.8% achieved PAM level 1, 7.5% level 2, 27.2% level 3% and 60.7% level 4. PAM scores suggest a highly activated patient group. In the regression analysis, three out ten domains of patients’ experiences showed an association with patient activation. The domains ‘being involved in decision as much as desired’ (B=−8.56, p=0.012) and ‘receiving a self-management plan’ (B=6.51, p=0.051) were associated with higher patient activation scores. Patients with an up-to-date medication plan had lower patient activation scores (B=−12.01, p=0.041).ConclusionSpecific domains of primary care were found to be associated with patient activation. To enhance patient activation, primary care physicians may increase involvement of patients in decisions. Future research should examine the causality of these associations.Trial registration numberDRKS00015718.
Reporting and transparent research practices in sports medicine and orthopaedic clinical trials: a meta-research study
Authors: Schulz Robert , Langen Georg , Prill Robert , Cassel Michael , Weissgerber Tracey L 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTransparent reporting of clinical trials is essential to assess the risk of bias and translate research findings into clinical practice. While existing studies have shown that deficiencies are common, detailed empirical and field-specific data are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to examine current clinical trial reporting and transparent research practices in sports medicine and orthopaedics.SettingExploratory meta-research study on reporting quality and transparent research practices in orthopaedics and sports medicine clinical trials.ParticipantsThe sample included clinical trials published in the top 25% of sports medicine and orthopaedics journals over 9 months.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTwo independent reviewers assessed pre-registration, open data and criteria related to scientific rigour, like randomisation, blinding, and sample size calculations, as well as the study sample, and data analysis.ResultsThe sample included 163 clinical trials from 27 journals. While the majority of trials mentioned rigour criteria, essential details were often missing. Sixty per cent (95% confidence interval (CI) 53% to 68%) of trials reported sample size calculations, but only 32% (95% CI 25% to 39%) justified the expected effect size. Few trials indicated the blinding status of all main stakeholders (4%; 95% CI 1% to 7%). Only 18% (95% CI 12% to 24%) included information on randomisation type, method and concealed allocation. Most trials reported participants’ sex/gender (95%; 95% CI 92% to 98%) and information on inclusion and exclusion criteria (78%; 95% CI 72% to 84%). Only 20% (95% CI 14% to 26%) of trials were pre-registered. No trials deposited data in open repositories.ConclusionsThese results will aid the sports medicine and orthopaedics community in developing tailored interventions to improve reporting. While authors typically mention blinding, randomisation and other factors, essential details are often missing. Greater acceptance of open science practices, like pre-registration and open data, is needed. As these practices have been widely encouraged, we discuss systemic interventions that may improve clinical trial reporting.
Impact of COVID-19 on outpatient appointments in children and young people in England: an observational study
Authors: Bottle Alex , Neale Francesca K , Foley Kimberley A , Viner Russell M , Kenny Simon , Aylin Paul , Saxena Sonia , Hargreaves Dougal S 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesTo describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on outpatient appointments for children and young people.SettingAll National Health Service (public) hospitals in England.ParticipantsAll people in England aged <25 years.Outcome measuresOutpatient department attendance numbers, rates and modes (face to face vs telephone) by age group, sex and socioeconomic deprivation.ResultsCompared with the average for January 2017 to December 2019, there was a 3.8 million appointment shortfall (23.5%) for the under-25 population in England between March 2020 and February 2021, despite a total rise in phone appointments of 2.6 million during that time. This was true for each age group, sex and deprivation fifth, but there were smaller decreases in face to face and total appointments for babies under 1 year. For all ages combined, around one in six first and one in four follow-up appointments were by phone in the most recent period. The proportion of appointments attended was high, at over 95% for telephone and over 90% for face-to-face appointments for all ages.ConclusionsCOVID-19 led to a dramatic fall in total outpatient appointments and a large rise in the proportion of those appointments conducted by telephone. The impact that this has had on patient outcomes is still unknown. The differential impact of COVID-19 on outpatient activity in different sociodemographic groups may also inform design of paediatric outpatient services in the post-COVID period.