bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on Aluminum Corrosion in Lithium Perchlorate-Based Super-Concentrated Electrolyte Solution
Authors: Watanabe Hikari , Yoshida Yurina , Shitanda Isao , Itagaki Masayuki 
Published: November 2022

For realizing sustainable world, Lithium-ion batteries are required to have higher energy density. Aluminum metal have been dominantly used as a current collector of positive electrode. A mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) containing 1 mol dm-3
Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) has been used as an electrolyte solution, however, aluminum corrosion may occur due to this electrolyte solution under high voltage condition. On the other hand, super-concentrated electrolyte solution (SCES), which consists of only two or three times as much solvent as lithium salt, has been attracting attention as a new electrolyte solution of Lithium-ion battery. Motsumoto et al. proposed that aluminum corrosion was remarkably suppressed in lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)-based SCES. However, the electrolyte solution containing fluorine has the problem which is the dissolution of the active material due to the decomposition product of the electrolyte solution．In the present work, we investigated aluminum corrosion in the lithium perchlorate (LiClO4)-based SCES as a fluorine-free solution.
The LiClO4 based SCES was prepared by dissolving LiClO4 into DMC as the molar ratio of 1 : 2. For comparison, DMC solution containing 1 mol dm-3 LiClO4 was also prepared. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were measured. X-ray photospectroscopy (XPS) was performed to evaluate the decomposition product on the aluminum electrode. Anodic current of the dilute electrolyte solution is observed at 3.9 V vs. Li/Li+. By contrast, in the LiClO4 based SCES, the anodic current is less than 100 µA cm-2 when polarized to 6 V vs. Li/Li+. In the dilute electrolyte solution, the ClO4
- anion is decomposed to form Cl-, which promotes aluminum corrosion. By contrast, the SCES has high oxidative stability, suggesting that the liquid structure of the SCES differ from that of the dilute electrolyte solution. two intense peaks appear at 196 and 198 eV in in XPS spectra of Cl 2p for the aluminum surface after LSV measurement in the dilute electrolyte solution. On the other hand, a weak peak is observed at approximately 199 eV in XPS spectra of Cl 2p for the aluminum surface after LSV measurement in the SCES. This result suggests that the ClO4
- anion is not decomposed in the SCES.

References

[1] K. Matsumoto, K. Inoue, K. Nakahara, R. Yuge, T. Noguchi, and K. Utsugi, J. Power Sources, 231, 234-238 (2013)．
[2] J. Wang, Y. Yamada, K. Sodeyama, C. Chiang, Y. Tateyama, and A. Yamada, Nat. Commun., 7, 1-9, (2016).
New Developments in the High-Energy-Density Solid-Liquid Storage Technology for Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Nguyen Trung Van , Li Yuanchao 
Published: November 2022

The environmental impact of the use of fossil fuels for energy can be reduced if electricity, which represents one-third of all energy uses, can be generated totally from renewable/sustainable sources such as wind and solar. However, this is only possible if cost-effective long-duration storage technologies are available to allow the highly variable and unpredictable wind and solar energy sources to become reliable baseline energy sources like coal, nuclear or natural gases. Redox flow battery (RFB) energy storage systems are highly suitable for this large-scale, long-duration storage application because while their power output scales with the size of the battery, their energy content resides in the amount of active materials that are stored in external tanks and can be easily scaled up for longer duration.1

The conventional redox flow batteries store electrical energy in the form of some aqueous or non-aqueous soluble ions or compounds in the electrolyte solution. Because of the low solubility (< 2M) of most ions and compounds in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents, these redox flow battery systems have low energy density.2–4 For example, the commercialized all-vanadium RFB system has an average energy density of 20 Wh/kg while that of the lithium-ion battery system is 100-265 Wh/kg.5 To store enough energy for 3-5 days in these RFBs requires a very large volume of solution in a large number of tanks, making these RFB systems expensive due to the cost of tanks and the fluid distribution system and floor space.
Our group recently developed a new storage approach that can greatly increase the energy storage density while still enabling the flow battery concept.6 In this approach, the reactants are stored as both soluble ions and their undissolved solid forms and only the liquid containing the soluble ions is circulated through the batteries. This approach potentially enables >4X increase in the storage energy density. This technology was recently demonstrated in a hydrogen-vanadium (VI/V) system, and new test results and findings in this area will be presented in this talk.
References

H. Zhang, W. Lu, and X. Li, Electrochemical Energy Reviews, 1–15 (2019).

D. G. Kwabi et al., Joule, 2, 1894–1906 (2018).

M. Wu, T. Zhao, H. Jiang, Y. Zeng, and Y. Ren, Journal of Power Sources, 355, 62–68 (2017).

C. Ding, H. Zhang, X. Li, T. Liu, and F. Xing, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 4, 1281–1294 (2013).

A. Manthiram, ACS Central Science, 3, 1063–1069 (2017).

Y. Li and T.V. Nguyen, “A Solid-Liquid High-Energy-Density Storage Concept for Redox Flow Batteries and Its Demonstration in an H2-V System,” Paper ID APEN-MIT-2021_023, Applied Energy Symposium: MIT A+B, Aug. 11-13, 2021, Cambridge, MA, USA.
(Digital Presentation) Electrochemical Metallization Cell Based Memristive Neuron Chip Fabricated with 28nm CMOS Process for Real-Time Unsupervised Learning and Pattern Recognition
Authors: Woo dae Seong , Jin Soo-Min , Kim Hea-Jee , Kim Dong-Eon , Jin Hong-Uk , Choi Hyun-Do , Shim Tae-Hun , Park Jea-Gun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Spiking neurons communicate with other neurons using sparse and binary signals in a human brain, so they can achieve real-time processing of the information with ultra-low power consumption[1,2]. Thereby, spiking neurons are essential elements for building an energy-efficient biomimetic spatiotemporal system. Recently, to emulate the behavior of biological neuron, many researches for memristive device-based neurons with peripheral circuits (i.e., sense-amplifier or reset circuit)[3] and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) neurons with capacitors have been reported[4]. Most of the reported memristive device-based neurons required a high operation voltage (>1.2 V) for emulating integrate function of a biological neuron. In addition, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-based neurons could not achieve high neuronal density due to using a capacitor in emulating integrate function.
In this study, therefore, we propose an electrochemical metallization cell based memristive neuron chip fabricated with 28-nm CMOS process having a low operation voltage (<0.7 V) for emulating integrate function. In addition, since the proposed electrochemical metallization cell based memristive neuron chip does not require a capacitor for emulating integrate function, it can realize a high neuronal density. The memristive neuron chip exhibited a typical integrate-and-fire function; particularly, the frequency of generating a spiking output signal exponentially increased with the input voltage amplitude. Moreover, a spiking neural network was designed using the memristive neuron chip and the software program consisting of a crossbar synaptic memristor array, simplified spike-timing-dependent-plasticity learning rule, and current-to-voltage converters. Using the co-designed spiking neural network with software and hardware, real-time unsupervised learning was realized. Finally, using the trained spiking neural network, a real-time classification for the MNIST hand-written image taken by a live webcam was successfully performed in an inference process.

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by National R&D Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by Ministry of Science and ICT(2021M3F3A2A01037733).

Reference

Mead, C. Neuromorphic Electronic Systems. Encycl. Comput. Neurosci.
78, 1979–1979 (2015).

Douglas, R. Neuromorphic Analogue VLSI. Annu. Rev. Neurosci.
18, 255–281 (1995).

Tuma, T., Pantazi, A., Le Gallo, M., Sebastian, A. & Eleftheriou, E. Stochastic phase-change neurons. Nat. Nanotechnol.
11, 693–699 (2016).

Aamir, S. A., Müller, P., Hartel, A., Schemmel, J. & Meier, K. A highly tunable 65-nm CMOS LIF neuron for a large scale neuromorphic system. Eur. Solid-State Circuits Conf.
2016-Octob, 71–74 (2016).

Figure 1
Understanding Ageing Mechanism of Carbon Electrodes in Double Layer Capacitors Operating in Organic Electrolytes
Authors: Marcerou Elodie , Daffos Barbara , Taberna Pierre-Louis , Simon Patrice 
Published: November 2022

Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are energy storage devices that can complement Li-ion batteries (LiBs) for high power uptake applications[1]. However, EDLCs suffer from limited energy density (about 10Wh/kg compared to 250 Wh/kg for LiBs). A way to increase the energy density still maintaining high power capability and long cycle life is the next challenge of this technology. An approach to achieve this objective is to increase the voltage window. Nevertheless, using a high voltage window lead to a faster ageing. So, a better understanding of degradation process during the ageing is needed to improve EDLCs storage and their cycle life.
In this work, degradation mechanisms at porous carbon electrodes have been investigated in non-aqueous electrolytes, following an ageing protocol previously reported [2]. Electrochemical performances before and after ageing have been compared. Then, post-mortem analyses were performed using various analytical methods. Raman spectroscopy allowed us for better understanding of degradation processes occurring at the carbon/electrolyte interface. Leading to a partial amorphization of the positive porous carbon electrode. The carbon disorder was further correlated with possible degradation mechanisms during ageing to explain the performance decrease.

References:

[1] P. Simon and Y. Gogotsi, ‘Perspectives for electrochemical capacitors and related devices’, Nature Materials, p. 13, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0747-z.
[2] Y. Liu, B. Soucaze-Guillous, P.-L. Taberna, and P. Simon, ‘Understanding of carbon-based supercapacitors ageing mechanisms by electrochemical and analytical methods’, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 366., pp. 123-130., 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.08.104.

Figure 1
Electrochemical Characterizations of Ternary MnO2/Cus/Rgo Materials for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Singhal Rahul , Singhal Kushagr , Patel Rudra , Lemaire Peter , Ponnada Sreekanth , Sharma Rakesh 
Published: November 2022

Supercapacitors are considered as a new class of energy storage device because of their high power density, environmentally friendliness, long cycleability, and flexible design capabilities. MnO2 and CuS have been found to be promising for supercapacitor applications because of their low cost, abundance in nature, and are environmentally friendly. Besides this, reduced graphene oxide emerged as most promising carbon materials for energy storage applications because of its high specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, and ability to attach metal oxide without
any agglomeration. Recently, it has been reported that ternary nanocomposites have superior electrochemical performances because of their synergistic effect, which help to enhance the charge movement within the electrode material. We already reported that the specific capacitance of CuS and MnO2 as 158 F/g and 300 F/g at current densities of 0.5 A/g, respectively [1,2]. In this work we have synthesized MnO2/CuS/rGO ternary nanocomposite by hydrothermal method. The physical characterization of the synthesized materials was carried out using X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). All electrochemical measurements were conducted in standard three-electrode configuration, using a platinum wire, Ag/AgCl, and MnO2/CuS/rGO as a counter, reference, and working electrode, respectively. The results related to physical characterization, specific capacitance, cycleability, and energy density will be presented.
Reference:

Rahul Singhal, David Thorne, Peter K. LeMaire, Xavier Martinez, Chen Zhao, Ram K. Gupta, David Uhl, Ellen Scanley, Christine C. Broadbridgeand Rakesh K. Sharma, AIP Advances 10, (2020) 035307; https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5132713.

Rahul Singhal, Justin Fagnoni, David Thorne, Peter K. LeMaire, Xavier Martinez, Chen Zhao, Ram K. Gupta, David Uhl, Ellen Scanley, Christine C. Broadbridge, Mani Manivannan, MRS Advances, 4 (13) 777-782 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.86
Improved Adhesion of Copper Seed Layer Using Vacuum Ultraviolet Light for Direct High-Speed Sputtering
Authors: Endo Shinichi 
Published: November 2022

The dry process is progressing in the manufacturing process of semiconductor packages. The semi-additive process for forming the rewiring layer is required to be finer and more reliable than ever. The interface between the insulating resin and the copper wiring is being smoothed in order to reduce transmission loss during high-frequency communication. The conventional electroless plating method using the anchor effect is disadvantageous for smoothing. Therefore, a sputtering method is used to form the seed layer. In general, copper spatter has weak adhesion to resin, so titanium spatter is combined to increase the adhesion strength. However, etching in the lithography process requires two types of processes, titanium and copper.
We investigated the improvement of copper sputtering adhesion to glass epoxy resin by a high-speed sputtering device. Adhesion strength was improved by performing plasma treatment and vacuum ultraviolet treatment as pretreatment for high-speed sputtering. Surface modification was analyzed and evaluated by XPS. We report on the process and evaluation method that contribute to the dryness of the packaging process.
(Keynote) New Materials and Spectroscopies for Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Thon Susanna Mitrani , Chiu Arlene , Lin Yida , Lee Hoon Jeong , Chintapalli Sreyas , Qiu Botong 
Published: November 2022

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are an attractive third-generation material for photovoltaics due to their solution-processability, lightweight and flexible nature, and bandgap tunability, allowing them to be used as infrared materials for multi-junction solar cells. Here, we describe several methods for building new lead sulfide-based CQD materials and thin films for improving efficiencies in both single-junction and multi-junction solar cells.
First, we demonstrate that the power conversion efficiency in single-junction PbS CQD solar cells is limited in part by the performance of the hole transport layer (HTL), traditionally made from ethanedithiol-passivated lead sulfide CQDs, due to the sub-optimal carrier mobility and doping density in this material. We use sulfur doping of the HTL, as well as incorporation of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide nanoflakes to address these issues and demonstrate absolute power conversion efficiency improvements of greater than 1% in single-junction devices.
Next, we demonstrate a micrometer-resolution 2D characterization method with millimeter-scale field of view for assessing CQD solar cell film quality and uniformity. Our instrument simultaneously collects photoluminescence spectra, photocurrent transients, and photovoltage transients. We use this high-resolution morphology mapping to quantify the distribution and strength of the local optoelectronic property variations in CQD solar cells due to film defects, physical damage, and contaminants across nearly the entire test device area, and the extent to which these variations account for overall performance losses. We also use the massive data sets produced by this method to train machine learning models that take as input simple illuminated current-voltage measurements and output complex underlying materials parameters, greatly simplifying the characterization process for optoelectronic devices.
Finally, we use artificial photonic band engineering as a method for achieving spectral selectivity in absorbing PbS CQD thin films for applications in multi-junction photovoltaics. We show that a structured periodic CQD thin film is able to maintain a photonic band structure, including the existence of a reduced photonic density of states, in the presence of weak material absorption, enabling modification of the absorption, transmission, and reflection spectra. We use a machine learning-based inverse design process to generate CQD thin film photonic structures with targeted absorption, transmission, and reflection spectra for multi-junction photovoltaics and narrow bandwidth photodetectors.
(Digital Presentation) Three-Dimensional Pore-Scale Modelling of NMC Cathodes Using Multi-Resolution FIB-SEM Images
Authors: Ghadban Mohamad , Sabharwal Mayank , Li Xiaolin , Goode Angela E. , Smith Maciah , Murphy Carmen , Secanell Marc 
Published: November 2022

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) cathodes are porous electrodes made of active material (AM) that stores lithium, a composite of carbon additives and polymeric binder (CBD) that facilitates electron transport and ensures the mechanical integrity of the electrode, and electrolyte-filled pore space that facilitates lithium-ion transport [1]. The volume fraction and morphology of the different constituents at the microscale necessarily determine transport properties and influence the measurable performance [2]. In this work, the impact of NMC electrode microstructure on the effective transport properties is studied using FIB-SEM-based three-dimensional (3D) particle-resolved microscale simulations. The effect of AM and CBD bulk electronic conductivity on the effective electronic conductivity is first studied and used to highlight that the impact of the AM bulk conductivity is negligible compared to that of the CBD. Next, the impact of CBD volume fraction, in isolation from its morphology, is studied using morphological operations by eroding and dilating the CBD phase in the FIB-SEM images and analyzing its impact on the effective conductivity using multiple 3D reconstructions. Increasing the CBD volume fraction results in a nonlinear increase in the effective electronic conductivity. To study the effect of CBD morphology, two stochastic CBD reconstruction techniques are proposed. The first method places new CBD voxels preferentially next to existing CBD voxels, and the second method deposits the CBD randomly in the pore space. The effective electronic conductivity for microstructures containing stochastic CBD morphologies is calculated and compared to that evaluated for microstructures with eroded and dilated CBD. The CBD generated stochastically results in a predicted higher effective electronic conductivity primarily due to a lower CBD tortuosity when compared to the CBD generated with morphological operations. Finally, the impact of CBD porosity on electrode tortuosity is studied by estimating the pore-phase tortuosity considering a solid and a porous CBD. The diffusivity of the porous CBD is estimated using multi-resolution FIB-SEM images. Results show that not accounting for the CBD porosity increases the electrode tortuosity by a factor of up to three at low electrode porosities.
References

[1] B. L. Trembacki, A. N. Mistry, D. R. Noble, M. E. Ferraro, P. P. Mukherjee, S. A. Roberts, Mesoscale analysis of conductive binder domain morphology in lithium-ion battery electrodes, Journal of The Electrochemical Society 165 (13) (2018) E725–E736

[2] Xu, Hongyi, et al. ‘Guiding the Design of Heterogeneous Electrode Microstructures for Li‐Ion Batteries: Microscopic Imaging, Predictive Modeling, and Machine Learning’. Advanced Energy Materials, vol. 11, no. 19, May 2021, p. 2003908. DOI.org (Crossref), https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003908.

Figure 1
Model-Informed Si Electrode Design Considering Dynamic Pore-Closure and Stack Pressure Effects
Authors: Weddle Peter J , Verma Ankit , Colclasure Andrew M. , Smith Kandler 
Published: November 2022

Silicon is novel Li-ion battery anode chemistry with exceptional theoretical energy densities. However, this alloying material has significant challenges with non-passivating solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and significant chemo-mechanics issues. These issues have been studied extensively at the particle-level. However, extensive SEI formation and dynamic particle chemo-mechanics need to be accounted for when designing the overall electrode microstructure. For example, Si particle expansion can result in electrolyte pore-closure. During charging (Si lithiation), Si particles near the separator lithiate faster than Si near the current-collector. Thus, Si particles near the separator begin to expand faster and close-off electrolyte access to particles near the current collector. This heterogeneous through-plane lithiation then results in low overall electrode utilization, especially at high rates (i.e.,>1 C). The “choking off” effect is a result of a strong feedback between heterogeneous lithiation, Si expansion, and electrolyte pore closure.
To aid in Si electrode design and account for dynamic particle expansion/contraction, the standard pseudo-2D battery model is reformulated to account for finite-strain chemo-mechanics. This model explores the trade-offs between initial electrode porosity, electrode thickness, rate-capability, and external pressure. Additionally, the model implements simplified SEI growth dynamics to explore how SEI growth effects should be accounted for in electrode design.
The Figure illustrates polarization responses for a 1C charge for a Si/NMC532 cell. The different colors indicate different initial anode porosities. As shown in Figure a, the low initial porosity cases results in significant polarization, but additional gains after 50% initial porosity are significantly diminished. These results are shown for an external pressure of 15 psi. Figure b illustrates the cell thickness as a function of time. As illustrated, the lower porosity case starts at a shorter initial thickness. For all cases, the cell thickness increases as Si lithiates/expands. Figure c illustrates the anode porosity at the cut-off voltage as a function of anode thickness. As shown, the lower initial porosity case has significant pore-closure on the right-side at the separator interface. The higher initial porosity cases have increased anode lengths because the Si utilization is improved due to the reduced pore-closer effects. The graphic illustrates the main features of the reformulated pseudo-2D battery model.

Figure 1