bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual dichromatism may not be a good index of sexual or natural selection in the blue cardinalids (Aves: Passeriformes)
Authors: García Natalia C , Barreira Ana S , Tubaro Pablo L 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMore than a century ago, Darwin and Wallace started a still ongoing debate over which are the predominant forces driving sexual dichromatism (i.e. differences in body coloration between males and females): is it sexual selection on males to become more attractive, or is it natural selection on females to become more cryptic? While these are not mutually exclusive, the degree of sexual dichromatism has been extensively used as a proxy of the intensity of one type of selection (sexual) on one of the sexes (males). Here, we evaluated the relationship between sexual dichromatism and two body-color features that can be under natural and/or sexual selection in each sex: conspicuousness against the background and colorfulness (which we defined as the variety of colors and mechanisms to produce them within an individual’s plumage). We focused on the “blue clade” of the Cardinalidae bird family and considered the properties of their own visual system and those of potential raptor predators. We found that all blue cardinalids are sexually dichromatic, but levels of dichromatism vary within the clade. Males are on average more colorful than females, but neither male nor female colorfulness correlates with sexual dichromatism. Males are not more conspicuous than females against a vegetated background but are significantly more conspicuous against a nesting background than females. Yet, we found no correlation between conspicuousness and degree of sexual dichromatism. Our results suggest that, while both natural and sexual selection can drive color differences between the sexes, levels of sexual dichromatism do not necessarily reflect the intensity of selection forces in this clade. Our results highlight the importance of testing assumptions regarding the relationship between sexual dichromatism and color evolution in each sex, considering the properties of different visual systems, relevant to the ecology of the study model.
Increasing temperature and prey availability affect the growth and swimming kinematics of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) larvae
Authors: Allan Bridie J M , Browman Howard I , Shema Steven , Skiftesvik Anne-Berit , Folkvord Arild , Durif Caroline M F , Kjesbu Olav Sigurd 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Climate change will increase the magnitude and duration of warming events and the variability in the phenology and abundance of available prey to the early life stages of fish. These factors influence physiological, behavioral and ecological processes, impacting growth, development and survival. Using a fully factorial design with two prey-availability treatments (1200 prey items L−1 (high prey abundance) or 40 prey items L−1 (low prey abundance)) under three temperature regimes (8, 10 and 12°C), the swimming kinematics of 6-week old spring-spawning Atlantic herring larvae were examined using silhouette video photography. Higher temperatures combined with food limitation significantly decreased the growth and swimming kinematics of larval herring, with the most negative effect observed in larvae reared at 12°C and exposed to low food abundances. Specifically, larvae displayed reduced locomotory behaviors and reduced vertical movements. By contrast, larvae reared at high prey abundance and at 12°C displayed more active swimming and exploratory behavior, as evidenced by an increase in both locomotory behavior and vertical and horizontal turn angles, suggesting increased motivation to search for food. This research highlights the importance of determining to what degree fish larvae are sensitive to changes in temperature and how these changes might be further influenced by food availability.
Maize miR167-ARF3/30-polyamine oxidase 1 module-regulated H2O2 production confers resistance to maize chlorotic mottle virus
Authors: Liu Xuedong , Liu Sijia , Chen Xi , Prasanna Boddupalli M , Ni Zhongfu , Li Xiangdong , He Yueqiu , Fan Zaifeng , Zhou Tao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) is the key pathogen causing maize lethal necrosis (MLN). Due to the sharply increased incidence of MLN in many countries, there is an urgent need to identify resistant lines and uncover the underlying resistance mechanism. Here, we showed that the abundance of maize (Zea mays) microR167 (Zma-miR167) positively modulates the degree of resistance to MCMV. Zma-miR167 directly targets Auxin Response Factor3 (ZmARF3) and ZmARF30, both of which negatively regulate resistance to MCMV. RNA-sequencing coupled with gene expression assays revealed that both ZmARF3 and ZmARF30 directly bind the promoter of Polyamine Oxidase 1 (ZmPAO1) and activate its expression. Knockdown or inhibition of enzymatic activity of ZmPAO1 suppressed MCMV infection. Nevertheless, MCMV-encoded p31 protein directly targets ZmPAO1 and enhances the enzyme activity to counteract Zma-miR167-mediated defense to some degree. We uncovered a role of the Zma-miR167-ZmARF3/30 module for restricting MCMV infection by regulating ZmPAO1 expression, while MCMV employs p31 to counteract this defense.
Axion cloud evaporation during inspiral of black hole binaries: The effects of backreaction and radiation
Authors: Takahashi Takuya , Omiya Hidetoshi , Tanaka Takahiro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ultralight scalar fields such as axions can form clouds around rotating black holes (BHs) by the superradiant instability. It is important to consider the evolution of clouds associated with BH binaries for the detectability of the presence of clouds through gravitational wave signals and observations of the mass and spin parameters of BHs. The impact on the axion cloud due to the tidal perturbation from the companion in a binary system was first studied in D. Baumann et al., Phys. Rev. D, 101, 083019. Here, we re-examine this issue taking into account the following points. First, we study the influence of higher-multipole moments. Second, we consider the backreaction due to the angular momentum transfer between the cloud and the orbital motion. This angular momentum transfer further causes the backreaction to the hyperfine split through the change in geometry. Finally, we calculate the particle number flux to infinity induced by the tidal interaction. As a result, we find that the scalar field is not reabsorbed by the BH. Instead, the scalar particles are radiated away to evaporate during the inspiral, irrespective of the direction of the orbital motion, for almost equal mass binaries.
Neural Activation in the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Precedes Conscious Experience of Being in or out of a Transient Hallucinatory State
Authors: Hugdahl Kenneth , Craven Alexander R , Johnsen Erik , Ersland Lars , Stoyanov Drozdstoy , Kandilarova Sevdalina , Brunvoll Sandøy Lydia , Kroken Rune A , Løberg Else-Marie , Sommer Iris E C 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and HypothesesAuditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) is not only a common symptom in schizophrenia but also observed in individuals in the general population. Despite extensive research, AVHs are poorly understood, especially their underlying neuronal architecture. Neuroimaging methods have been used to identify brain areas and networks that are activated during hallucinations. A characteristic feature of AVHs is, however, that they fluctuate over time, with varying frequencies of starts and stops. An unanswered question is, therefore, what neuronal events co-occur with the initiation and inhibition of an AVH episode.Study DesignWe investigated brain activation with fMRI in 66 individuals who experienced multiple AVH-episodes while in the scanner. We extracted time-series fMRI-data and monitored changes second-by-second from 10 s before to 15 s after participants indicated the start and stop of an episode, respectively, by pressing a hand-held response-button.Study ResultsWe found a region in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) which showed a significant increase in activation initiated a few seconds before participants indicated the start of an episode, and a corresponding decrease in activation initiated a few seconds before the end of an episode.ConclusionsThe consistent increase and decrease in activation in this area in advance of the consciously experienced presence or absence of the “voice” imply that this region may act as a switch in turning episodes on and off. The activation is unlikely to be confounded by motor responses. The findings could have clinical implications for brain stimulation treatments, like transcranial magnetic stimulation.
The politics of the ECB’s market-based approach to government debt
Authors: van ’t Klooster Jens 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe European Central Bank’s (ECB) market-based treatment of government debt was an important cause of the 2010–2012 eurozone crisis. This article analyses the political dynamics that govern the ECB’s approach to government debt from the earliest discussions on Economic and Monetary Union to the COVID-19 pandemic. The first part of the article traces the process of institutional transformation that led the ECB to introduce its strict market-based approach in 2005. I explain this development in terms of a strategy of depoliticization that brings the ECB to introduce a rigid and rule-based approach to designing its collateral framework. The article’s second part explains why the ECB stuck to the market-based approach in the eurozone crisis but not in the pandemic crisis. Although its ill-defined constitutional role led the ECB to disavow its agency earlier, in March 2020, it had become clear that this strategy had stopped working and it was quickly abandoned in the face of a new bond market panic.
Associations between experienced aggression, poor sleep, and suicide risk among Chinese adolescents
Authors: Zhou Shuang-Jiang , Wang Lei-Lei , Wang Ting-Ting , Wang Jing-Qi , Chen Jing-Xu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
The physical and mental health of adolescents is an important study area. This study aims to examine the occurrence of aggression, sleep disturbances, and suicide risk among Chinese adolescents, along with the relationships between these factors.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study conducted through an online survey. Of the original 7011 Chinese adolescent respondents, the analysis included data from 6122 adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years, from 23 regions, whose average age was 16.12 (±1.44) years, with 48.8% being male. While the chi-square test and t-test were used for analyzing demographic data and continuous variables, respectively, mediation analysis was used to explore the mechanism of experiencing aggression on suicide risk. The respondents’ sleep quality, nightmare distress, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and suicide risk were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Nightmare Distress Questionnaire–Chinese version (NDQ-CV), Chinese Adolescent Daytime Sleepiness Scale (CADSS), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), and the suicide risk module of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), respectively. Four items were used to assess adolescents’ experiences with aggression.

Results
Of the respondents, 42% reported experiencing aggression by others, especially parental physical maltreatment. Furthermore, 26.9% of adolescents in school, and in particular, 31.8% in senior high school experienced insomnia symptoms. Adolescents who reported experiences of aggression had more severe insomnia symptoms, nightmare distress, fatigue, and a higher risk of suicide when compared with those who did not (all ps &lt; 0.001). Insomnia symptoms, nightmare distress, and fatigue all mediated the relationship between aggression and suicide risk, and there was a chain of mediating effects between these factors [for total indirect effect β = 1.1512, 95% CI (0.9671 to 1.3426), direct effect β = 0.4934, 95% CI (0.1978 to 0.7891), and total effect β = 1.6446, 95% CI (1.3479 to 1.9414)].

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that among adolescents, experiencing aggression is associated with an increased suicide risk. In addition to the direct effect of aggression on suicide risk, insomnia, nightmare distress, and fatigue mediate the relationship between aggression and suicide risk. More attention should be paid to adolescents experiencing aggression, and interventions should be implemented and strengthened.
A novel EEG marker predicts perceived sleepiness and poor sleep quality
Authors: Lechat Bastien , Hirotsu Camila , Appleton Sarah , Younes Magdy , Adams Robert J , Vakulin Andrew , Hansen Kristy , Zajamsek Branko , Wittert Gary , Catcheside Peter , Heinzer Raphael , Eckert Danny J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
To determine if a novel EEG-derived continuous index of sleep depth/alertness, the odds ratio product (ORP), predicts self-reported daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality in two large population-based cohorts.

Methods
ORP values which range from 0 (deep sleep) to 2.5 (fully alert) were calculated in 3s intervals during awake periods (ORPwake) and NREM sleep (ORPNREM) determined from home sleep studies in the HypnoLaus (N = 2162: 1106 females, 1056 males) and men androgen inflammation lifestyle environment and stress (MAILES) cohorts (N = 754 males). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between ORPwake, ORPNREM, and traditional polysomnography measures (as comparators) with excessive sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale &gt;10) and poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index &gt;5) and insomnia symptoms.

Results
High ORPwake was associated with a ~30% increase in poor sleep quality in both HypnoLaus (odds ratio, OR, and 95% CI) 1.28 (1.09, 1.51), and MAILES 1.36 (1.10, 1.68). High ORPwake was also associated with a ~28% decrease in excessive daytime sleepiness in the MAILES dataset. ORPNREM was associated with a ~30% increase in poor sleep quality in HypnoLaus but not in MAILES. No consistent associations across cohorts were detected using traditional polysomnography markers.

Conclusions
ORP, a novel EEG-derived metric, measured during wake periods predicts poor sleep quality in two independent cohorts. Consistent with insomnia symptomatology of poor perceived sleep in the absence of excessive daytime sleepiness, ORPwake may provide valuable objective mechanistic insight into physiological hyperarousal.
Meta-analysis of the effects of monensin on growth and bloat of cattle on pasture
Authors: Gadberry Shane , Lalman David , White Frank , Linneen Sara , Beck Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMonensin has been part of the beef production landscape for over 45 years. Although first approved for use in finishing cattle, it has since been approved for cattle in extensive production systems and has been an economical way to increase performance of forage-fed animals. This meta-analysis investigated the impacts of monensin on performance of stocker cattle on high-forage diets. The stocker performance analysis resulted from 38 experiments with 73 mean comparisons; bloat analysis was conducted with 12 experiments with 23 mean comparisons. The metaphor package (version 2.4-0) for R (version 4.0.3; www.r-project.org) was used to determine the overall effect size of monensin compared to a negative control. Each study’s n, means, and SEM or P-value was used to calculate the mean difference and estimate of within-study variance for responses of interest. Moderators of monensin response considered in the analysis were delivery method, dose, study duration, initial calf BW, diet ME and CP, and forage category. Initial BW and basal ADG averaged 236 ± 45.9 kg and 0.72 ± 0.28 kg, respectively. In the ADG analysis, the only significant moderator of those considered was length of the study (P &lt; 0.01); as duration of the study increased, the ADG response to monensin decreased by 0.0007 kg/day. For the average 112-day length of study, the average monensin response was estimated to be 0.0784 kg/day increase in ADG, approximately 10% above controls. Sufficient information was presented in 18 citations representing 40 mean comparisons for determining the effect of monensin on BW at the end of the experiment. The response model (P &lt; 0.01) for ending BW, kg = 22.3–0.05 (initial calf BW, kg). Thus, for the average initial BW of 235 kg the average monensin response was estimated to be 10.6 kg increase in average ending BW. The incidence (−20%) and severity (−0.7 bloat score) of bloat was found to be reduced in bloat-prone pastures. There is ample evidence that monensin increases performance of growing calves on high forage diets along with reducing the incidence and severity of bloat.
Hepatocyte growth factor protects pulmonary endothelial barrier against oxidative stress and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis
Authors: Meng Shanshan , Xia Feiping , Xu Jingyuan , Zhang Xiwen , Xue Ming , Gu Mingyuan , Guo Fengmei , Huang Yingzi , Qiu Haibo , Yang Yi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background:
Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were not complex, and the endothelial barrier was destroyed in the pathogenesis progress of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Previous studies have demonstrated that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which was secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, could decrease endothelial apoptosis. We investigated whether mTOR/STAT3 signaling acted in HGF protective effects against oxidative stress and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction and ALI mice.

Methods:
In our current study, we introduced LPS-induced PMEVCs with HGF treatment. To investigate the effects of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway in endothelial oxidative stress and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 were, respectively, used to inhibit mTOR/STAT3 signaling. Moreover, lentivirus vector-mediated mTORC1 (Raptor) and mTORC2 (Rictor) gene knockdown modifications were introduced to evaluate mTORC1 and mTORC1 pathways. Calcium measurement, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential and protein, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and endothelial junction protein were detected to evaluate HGF effects. Moreover, we used the ALI mouse model to observe the mitochondria pathological changes with an electron microscope in vivo.

Results:
Our study demonstrated that HGF protected the endothelium via the suppression of ROS production and intracellular calcium uptake, which lead to increased mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1 and mitochondria tracker green detection) and specific proteins (complex I), raised anti-apoptosis Messenger Ribonucleic Acid level (B-cell lymphoma 2 and Bcl-xL), and increased endothelial junction proteins (VE-cadherin and occludin). Reversely, mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 could raise oxidative stress and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis even with HGF treatment in LPS-induced endothelial cells. Similarly, mTORC1 as well as mTORC2 have the same protective effects in mitochondria damage and apoptosis. In in vivo experiments of ALI mouse, HGF also increased mitochondria structural integrity via the mTOR/STAT3 pathway.

Conclusion:
In all, these reveal that mTOR/STAT3 signaling mediates the HGF suppression effects to oxidative level, mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, and endothelial junction protein in ARDS, contributing to the pulmonary endothelial survival and barrier integrity.
Wunderlich syndrome, an unexpected urological complication in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A case report
Authors: Presicce Fabrizio , Martini Marco , Minisola Francesco , Falavolti Cristina , Filianoti Alessio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We describe the first case of Wunderlich syndrome as a hemorrhagic complication in a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have been extensively discussed. Emergency management included selective angioembolization of the upper polar arterial branches of the left kidney and discontinuation of thromboprophylaxis. The patient was discharged after 18 days. No other localizations or local recurrence of bleeding occurred during the hospitalization. Our report suggests a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. As observed in our clinical case, in addition to thrombotic complications, bleeding is a significant cause of morbidity in coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Further studies should determine whether these urological bleeding sequelae are a direct manifestation of the infection or an indirect effect of thromboprophylaxis.
Reversal of Trimethoprim-Induced Antikaliuresis in an HIV Patient With Pneumocystis Pneumonia
Authors: Motayar Nasim , Trawick David 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
High-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethaxazole is the drug of choice for treatment of severe Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) with the caveat that at higher doses, serious adverse events occur more frequently. A lethal complication is hyperkalemia which often mandates premature discontinuation of therapy despite lower efficacy of second-line agents. We report a case of a patient with severe PJP causing respiratory failure treated with high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethaxazole who experienced hyperkalemia, which was successfully managed with a combination of fludrocortisone and furosemide allowing completion of antibiotic course.
Administration of fludrocortisone and furosemide may enable practitioners to effectively address trimethoprim-induced hyperkalemia in critically ill patients with PJP. We speculate that exogenous administration of fludrocortisone may promote transcription of ENaC-amiloride sensitive epithelial sodium channels, which is unaffected by circulating trimethoprim allowing for kaliuresis to be restored. The addition of furosemide increases sodium load, further promoting potassium excretion.
Recurrent Group B Streptococcus Septicemia Secondary to Portal Hypertensive Colopathy
Authors: Vile Alexander , Kang Sebastian , Whibley Page , Prabhaharn Suji 
Published: March 2022

Background
Group B streptococcal infections (GBSs) in nonpregnant adults have become an increasingly recognized entity. Bacteremia without focus has consistently been demonstrated as the second leading cause of infection. Recurrent bacteremia, however, remains a significantly rarer phenomenon, and underlying mechanisms and risk factors are poorly elucidated in the literature.

Case Report
We report the first case of 3 independent episodes Streptococcus agalactiae bacteremia without focus, in 56-year-old woman with Child-Pugh B cirrhosis and the uncommon finding of portal hypertensive colopathy.

Results
We propose bowel hemorrhage secondary to portal hypertensive colopathy, facilitated recurrent bacterial translocation and blood stream infection in this immunocompromised host, presenting as recurrent bacteremia without focus. We discuss the disease epidemiology of GBS infections, antibiotic sensitivity, and risk factors for infection relating to this theory in a literature review.

Conclusions
Portal hypertensive colopathy in liver cirrhosis may contribute to underlying risk for recurrent GBS bacteremia without focus that necessitates prolonged penicillin class antibiotic therapy.