bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of heart failure 1 year before diagnosis in general practitioner patients using machine learning algorithms: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Bennis Frank C , Hoogendoorn Mark , Aussems Claire , Korevaar Joke C 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesHeart failure (HF) is a commonly occurring health problem with high mortality and morbidity. If potential cases could be detected earlier, it may be possible to intervene earlier, which may slow progression in some patients. Preferably, it is desired to reuse already measured data for screening of all persons in an age group, such as general practitioner (GP) data. Furthermore, it is essential to evaluate the number of people needed to screen to find one patient using true incidence rates, as this indicates the generalisability in the true population. Therefore, we aim to create a machine learning model for the prediction of HF using GP data and evaluate the number needed to screen with true incidence rates.Design, settings and participantsGP data from 8543 patients (−2 to −1 year before diagnosis) and controls aged 70+ years were obtained retrospectively from 01 January 2012 to 31 December 2019 from the Nivel Primary Care Database. Codes about chronic illness, complaints, diagnostics and medication were obtained. Data were split in a train/test set. Datasets describing demographics, the presence of codes (non-sequential) and upon each other following codes (sequential) were created. Logistic regression, random forest and XGBoost models were trained. Predicted outcome was the presence of HF after 1 year. The ratio case:control in the test set matched true incidence rates (1:45).ResultsSole demographics performed average (area under the curve (AUC) 0.692, CI 0.677 to 0.706). Adding non-sequential information combined with a logistic regression model performed best and significantly improved performance (AUC 0.772, CI 0.759 to 0.785, p<0.001). Further adding sequential information did not alter performance significantly (AUC 0.767, CI 0.754 to 0.780, p=0.07). The number needed to screen dropped from 14.11 to 5.99 false positives per true positive.ConclusionThis study created a model able to identify patients with pending HF a year before diagnosis.
Constipation and GI diagnoses in children with solid tumours: prevalence and management
Authors: Belsky Jennifer , Stanek Joseph , Yeager Nicholas , Runco Daniel 
Published: August 2022

ObjectivesDespite continued development of targeted therapies for children with cancer, patients continue to experience an array of unwanted side effects. Children with solid tumours may experience constipation as a result of vinca alkaloid therapy, psychological stressors, periods of inactivity and opioid use. Our objective was to investigate the prevalence and treatment of constipation in hospitalised children with solid tumours treated with chemotherapy.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data from 48 children’s hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System, extracting patients 0–21 years of age with a solid tumour diagnosis hospitalised from October 2015 through December 2019.ResultsWe identified 13 375 unique patients with a solid tumour diagnosis receiving chemotherapy. Constipation was the most common gastrointestinal complaint with 8658 (64.7%; 95% Cl: 63.9% to 65.5%) having a constipation diagnosis or having received at least two laxatives during admission. Bone cancers had the highest percentage (69.9%) of patients with constipation, while Hodgkin’s lymphoma had the lowest, although 52.1% of patients were affected. A total of 44% (n=35 301) of encounters received an opioid at some point during admission. Of patients receiving constipation medications, the most commonly prescribed was polyethyl glycol (n=25 175, 31.7%), followed by docusate (n=11 297, 14.2%), senna (n=10 325, 13.0%) and lactulose (n=5501, 6.9%).ConclusionsConstipation is the most common gastrointestinal issue that children with solid tumours experience while receiving chemotherapy in the inpatient setting. Increased attention should be given to constipation prophylaxis and treatment in children with solid tumours undergoing chemotherapy, particularly those identified as high risk.
The palliative care triage system in advanced cancer emergency care: development and initial validation
Authors: Paiva Carlos Eduardo , Seriaco Fabíola de Lourdes Gonçalves de Fre , de Oliveira Marco Antônio , Nascimento Maria Salete de Angelis , Paiva Bianca Sakamoto Ribeiro 
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to develop and validate a new emergency triage tool for use on patients with cancer undergoing palliative care (PC).MethodsIn phase I, the new tool was developed after literature review and expert committee meetings. A prospective longitudinal study in phase II assessed the interobserver reliability of the tool. In phase III, a retrospective study of administrative data, the feasibility of routine use of the new tool and the associations with hospitalisation and survival times were evaluated.ResultsThe palliative care triage system (PCTS) was composed of check-list items and four colour-coded categories for maximum response time. In phase II, the PCTS was independently evaluated by two nurses for 102 attendances in the emergency department of the PC unit. An absolute agreement of 87.3% and a weighted kappa of 0.81 were observed. In phase III, all 493 attendances had the PCTS assessment registered in the medical records. The PCTS categories were associated with hospital admission (p<0.001) and survival times (p<0.001).ConclusionPCTS is a feasible tool to be used in routine ED triage of patients with advanced cancer undergoing PC. It is a valid instrument for predicting hospital admission rates and survival with high interobserver concordance rates.
A precisely feasible gauged model of chiral boson with its BRST cohomological perspectives
Authors: Rahaman Anisur 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe find that Siegel type chiral boson with a parameter-dependent Lorentz non-covariant masslike term for the gauge fields to be equivalent to the chiral Schwinger model with one parameter class of Faddeevian anomaly if the model is described in terms of Floreanini–Jackiw type chiral boson. By invoking the Wess–Zunino field gauge-invariant reformulation is made. It has been shown that the gauge-invariant model has the same physical content as its gauge non-invariant ancestor had. The BRST invariant effective action corresponding to this model has also been constructed. All the nilpotent symmetries associated with the BRST symmetry along with the bosonic, ghost, and discrete symmetries have been systematically studied. We establish that the nilpotent charges corresponding to these symmetries resemble the algebra of the de Rham cohomological operators in differential geometry. In the environment of conserved charges associated with the models, we study the Hodge decomposition theorem on the compact manifold.
Experimental study of the $$e^+e^-\rightarrow n{\bar{n}}$$ process at the VEPP-2000 $$e^+e^-$$ collider with the SND detector
Authors:   SND Collaboration, Achasov M. N. , Barnyakov A. Yu. , Beloborodov K. I. , Berdyugin A. V. , Berkaev D. E. , Bogdanchikov A. G. , Botov A. A. , Chizhik G. S. , Dimova T. V. , Druzhinin V. P. , Kardapoltsev L. V. , Kharlamov A. G. , Kladov V. A. , Koop I. A. , Korol A. A. , Kovrizhin D. P. , Kupich A. S. , Lysenko A. P. , Melnikova N. A. , Muchnoi N. Yu. , Obrazovsky A. E. , Pakhtusova E. V. , Perevedentsev E. A. , Pugachev K. V. , Serednyakov S. I. , Silagadze Z. K. , Shatunov P. Yu. , Shatunov Yu. M. , Shtol D. A. , Shwartz D. B. , Surin I. K. , Usov Yu. V. , Zemlyansky I. M. , Zhabin V. N. , Zhulanov V. V. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe process $$e^+e^-\rightarrow n{\bar{n}}$$

e
+

e
-

→
n

n

¯

is studied in the experiment at the VEPP-2000 $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

collider with the SND detector. The technique of the time measurements in the multichannel NaI(Tl) electromagnetic calorimeter is used to select $$n{\bar{n}}$$

n

n

¯

events. The value of the measured cross section in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.894 to 2 GeV varies from 0.5 to 0.35 nb. The effective neutron timelike form factor is derived from the measured cross section and compared with the proton form factor. The ratio of the neutron electric and magnetic form factors is obtained from the analysis of the antineutron polar angle distribution and found to be consistent with unity.
Possible connection between dark matter and supermassive black holes
Authors: Batic D. , Faraji J. Mojahed , Nowakowski M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDark Matter (DM) is usually studied in connection with rotational curves in the outskirts of the galaxies. However, the role of DM might be different in the galactic bulges and centers where Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) dominate the gravitational interaction. Indeed, given the fact that DM is the dominant matter species in the Universe, it is natural to assume a close connection between DM and SMBHs. Here we probe into this possibility by constructing stable objects with fuzzy mass distributions based on standard DM profiles. These astrophysical objects come out in three types: a fuzzy droplet without horizon and fuzzy Black Holes (BHs) with one or two horizons. We emphasize that all objects are solutions of Einstein equations. Their effective potentials which govern the motion of a test body, can display a reasonable similarity to the effective potential of a Schwarzschild BH at the galactic center. Therefore, some of our solutions could, in principle, replace the standard BH-picture of the galactic center and, at the same time, have the advantage that they have been composed of the main matter ingredient of the Universe.
Fibrinogen Depletion Coagulopathy Predicts Major Bleeding After Thrombolysis for Ischemic Stroke: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Romoli Michele , Vandelli Laura , Bigliardi Guido , Naccarato Marcello , Moller Jessica , Balestrino Maurizio , Giammello Fabrizio , Gentile Mauro , Dell’Acqua Maria Luisa , Manganotti Paolo , Forlivesi Stefano , Melis Maurizio , Picchetto Livio , Rosafio Francesca , Furlanis Giovanni , Testoni Stefania , Piras Valeria , Malfatto Laura , Musolino Rosa Fortunata , Scali Ilario , Maffei Stefania , Migliaccio Ludovica , Trenti Tommaso , Mancini Rita , Marietta Marco , Randi Vanda , Meletti Stefano , Zini Andrea 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and major bleeding can be fatal complications of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for acute ischemic stroke. We investigated the impact of early fibrinogen depletion after IVT on major bleeding events.

Methods:
This multicenter observational prospective cohort study enrolled 1678 consecutive patients receiving IVT for acute ischemic stroke at 6 Italian centers, undergoing fibrinogen concentration assessment at baseline, 2 hours and 6 hours after IVT. Fibrinogen depletion was defined as a reduction below 200 mg/dL after 2 hours from IVT, or as a reduction below 50% of baseline fibrinogen levels after 2 hours from IVT. Main outcomes were (1) sICH (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke criteria) and (2) major bleeding defined as fatal bleeding, decrease in the hemoglobin level>2 g/dL/>1 unit transfusion, or bleeding at critical site. Additional outcomes were (1) any ICH, (2) any bleeding, (3) fatal ICH, and (4) sICH according to ECASSII definition. Good functional recovery was defined as modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 2 at 3 months.

Results:

Overall, 1678 patients were included (mean age 72 years, 46% female). sICH (n=116) and major bleeding (n=297) were associated with lower rate of good functional recovery (
P
<0.001). Despite similar fibrinogen levels at admission, fibrinogen depletion after 2 hours from IVT was more common in people with sICH, major bleeding and all additional bleeding outcomes. In the backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression model, fibrinogen depletion remained a significant predictor of sICH (OR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.04–2.32]) and major bleeding (OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.03–1.8]). Thirty-one percent of sICH could be attributable to fibrinogen depletion. The association between fibrinogen depletion and worse clinical outcome at 3 months after stroke (
P
=0.012) was attributable to the higher risk of major bleeding/sICH.

Conclusions:
Fibrinogen depletion significantly increases the risk of sICH and major bleeding after IVT for acute ischemic stroke. Fibrinogen depletion represents an independent risk factor for bleeding, and routine assessment could be considered to stratify the risk of ICH. Trials on early fibrinogen repletion are needed to investigate mitigation of bleeding risk.
Leonardo da Vinci, the Ventricles of the Brain, and the Foramen of Monro
Authors: Steinsiepe Klaus F. , Hauser Markus 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Leonardo da Vinci’s neuroanatomical studies include a cast of the ventricles of an ox with melted wax. By depicting the result of this ingenious approach, he provided the first graphic representation of the connection between the cerebral ventricles. We question the widespread assumption that Leonardo already showed the fully paired lateral ventricles and the interventricular foramina today named after Alexander Monro. Instead, we demonstrate by graphical means and magnetic resonance imaging that this is in fact a longstanding misinterpretation of an unusual section plane and its depiction used by Leonardo. Such a midline section fails to show two lateral ventricles and their interventricular foramina both in human and ruminant brains. Our results correct numerous inaccurate statements made in the literature since 1930. With regard to Leonardo’s rendering of the ventricular system, we discuss the realism of his anatomical drawings, the visual techniques he employed, and the legitimation of our approach.
The Legality of Weapons Transfers to Ukraine Under International Law
Authors: Heller Kevin Jon , Trabucco Lena 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article analyses the legality of Western states providing weapons to Ukraine. It focuses on five areas of international law: (1) the jus ad bellum; (2) the law of neutrality; (3) international humanitarian law; (4) state responsibility for complicity in internationally wrongful acts; and (5) international criminal law. It concludes that weapons transfers likely violate the law of neutrality, entitling Russia to respond with countermeasures; that Russia can lawfully target transferred weapons under ihl; and that weapons transfers could lead to state and individual responsibility if evidence comes to light that the Ukrainian military is using weapons previously supplied by the West to commit war crimes. By contrast, providing weapons to Ukraine does not violate the jus ad bellum because they are in service of Ukraine’s right of self-defence against Russia and does not make the supplying states co-belligerents in Russia’s international armed conflict with Ukraine.
Rethinking Poetry as (Anti-Crusader) Propaganda: Licentiousness and Cross-Confessional Patronage in the Ḫarīdat al-qaṣr
Authors: Keegan Matthew L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
It is sometimes assumed that the poetry of the Crusader period was part of a concerted propaganda effort to rouse Muslims to fight and to legitimate Muslim rulers in the eyes of other Muslims by portraying them as ascetic, Sunni revivalists focused on Jihad. Based on samples from the Ḫarīdat al-qaṣr wa-ǧarīdat ahl al-ʿaṣr, a massive 6th/12th-century adab anthology by ʿImād al-Dīn al-Iṣfahānī, this article argues for a different understanding of both the content and the circulation of this period’s poetry. I show that poetry was not addressed to a “public,” but rather was a form of elite communication in which social identity was performed, negotiated, and consolidated. Furthermore, ʿImād al-Dīn’s anthology does not marginalize Shiʿite voices or insist on portraying rulers as ascetics. I trace the origins of these assumptions and show that levity, licentiousness, and Shiʿites were all celebrated in the poetic discourses of the 6th/12th century.
The Accuracy and Reliability of Visually Assessed Pharyngeal Opening Pressures During Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy
Authors: Yu Jason L. , Thuler Eric , Seay Everett G. , Schwartz Alan R. , Dedhia Raj C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the accuracy and interrater reliability of a visually assessed vs airflow‐based measure of pharyngeal collapsibility obtained in patients with obstructive sleep apnea undergoing drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).Study DesignProspective observational study.SettingAcademic tertiary care practice.MethodsPatients underwent DISE with airflow monitoring and nasal positive airway pressure titration to determine visual and airflow‐based levels of pharyngeal opening pressure (PhOP). Visual DISE‐PhOP was assessed by 2 blinded independent raters and defined as the pressure at which visual confirmation of airway collapse, including snoring, was abolished. Airflow‐based DISE‐PhOP was defined as the minimally effective positive airway pressure that abolished inspiratory flow limitation. Equivalence testing between visual and airflow DISE‐PhOP of each rater was performed with the two one sided T‐test (TOST) with an a priori equivalence bound of ±1 cm H2O. Interrater reliability was evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient.ResultsOne hundred patients were enrolled in the study and 77 completed the full evaluation. The population was predominantly male (74%) with an average age of 54.8 years, body mass index of 30.1 kg/m2, and apnea‐hypopnea index of 30.7 events/h. Equivalence testing showed that both raters were within ±1 cm H2O of airflow‐based DISE‐PhOP (−0.43 to 0.09 cm H2O and −0.32 to 0.48 cm H2O). Interrater reliability of visual DISE‐PhOP between the raters was also good to excellent with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.895 (95% CI, 0.84‐0.932).ConclusionDISE‐PhOP, a measure of upper airway collapsibility, was equivalent between airflow‐based and visual assessments with strong interrater reliability, supporting its adoption as a standardized objective parameter in clinical DISE.
Two‐Year Interview and Match Outcomes of Otolaryngology Preference Signaling
Authors: Chang C.W. David , Thorne Marc C. , Malekzadeh Sonya , Pletcher Steven D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo present the first year‐over‐year data comparison of preference signaling for residency interviews in the otolaryngology application marketplace.Study DesignCross‐sectional study conducted over 2 application cycles.SettingOtolaryngology training programs in the United States.MethodsOtolaryngology residency applicants were invited to participate in preference signaling during the 2021 and 2022 application cycles. Submissions were collected using a web‐based interface. The distribution of signals among programs was evaluated descriptively and in relationship to Doximity program reputation rankings. Surveys were sent to applicants to assess general attitudes and the number of interview invitations received from signaled and nonsignaled programs. Surveys were sent to programs to evaluate use of signals and the impact on match results.ResultsPrograms received a range of signals, from 0 to 66, with 50% of signals going to 24% of programs in 2022, which was similarly found in 2021. Programs of higher rank tended to receive more signals. Overall, >87% of surveyed applicants received an interview offer from at least 1 program that they signaled. In 2021 and 2022, applicants were 2.6 times more likely to get an interview from a signaled program than a comparator nonsignaled program. A greater positive impact on interview offer rate was seen for less competitive applicants. Signaling was viewed favorably by the majority of surveyed applicants and programs.ConclusionsPreference signaling for otolaryngology residency interviews demonstrates a promising mechanism to improve applicant visibility to programs during the application cycle. This impact is consistent over 2 application cycles.
Optimization of Opioid Discharge Prescriptions Following Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Rizk Elsie , Yuan Fangzheng , Zheng Feibi , Fink Ezekiel , Kaur Navjot , Tran Anh Thu , Iso Tomona , Mohyuddin Nadia G. , Thekdi Apurva A. , Jackson Gilchrist L. , Wanat Matthew A. , Thornton J. Douglas , Swan Joshua T. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of a quality improvement bundle on opioid discharge prescribing following thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.MethodsThis before‐and‐after study included patients undergoing thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy at an academic medical center. The quality improvement bundle included a patient education flyer, electronic health record order sets with multimodal analgesia regimens, and provider education. The preimplementation cohort included patients treated from January 2018 to December 2019. The postimplementation cohort included patients treated from June 2021 to August 2021. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who received new opioid discharge prescriptions.ResultsA total of 160 patients were included in the preimplementation cohort, and the first 80 patients treated after bundle implementation were included in the postimplementation cohort. Patients receiving new opioid discharge prescriptions decreased from 80% (128/160) in the preimplementation cohort to 35% (28/80) in the postimplementation cohort with an unadjusted absolute reduction of 45% (95% CI, 33%‐57%; P < .001; number needed to treat = 3) and an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.08 (95% CI, 0.04‐0.19; P < .001). The bundle was associated with reductions in opioid discharge prescriptions that exceeded 112.5 oral morphine milligram equivalents (33% pre‐ vs 10% postimplementation; adjusted OR, 0.20; P = .001) or 5 days of therapy (17% pre‐ vs 6% postimplementation; adjusted OR, 0.34; P = .049).DiscussionImplementation of a pain management quality improvement bundle reduced opioid discharge prescribing following thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.Implications for PracticeUnnecessary opioid prescriptions generate unused opioids in patients’ homes that can lead to opioid misuse. We believe that this bundle reduced the risk for opioid misuse in our community.RegistrationThe study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04955444) before implementation.