bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of polymeric insulating foams for low‐temperature thermal energy storage applications
Authors: Galvagnini Francesco , Valentini Francesco , Dorigato Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRefrigeration plays an important role in several sectors in 21st‐century life, such as food, air conditioning, healthcare, industry, and energy. In food industry it plays a vital role for reducing the post‐harvest losses and in the preservation of food products. In this paper different amounts of a microencapsulated paraffin having a melting temperature of −10°C were used as phase change material (PCM) for the preparation of multifunctional rigid polyurethane foams (PUF) for refrigeration applications. The processability issues, the microstructural and thermo‐mechanical properties of the resulting panels were comprehensively investigated. Morphological analysis evidenced a tendency of the incorporated PCM to damage the original closed cell structure of the PUF, and a fully open‐cell microstructure was obtained for PCM contents higher than 20 wt%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) evidenced a proportional correlation between the PCM concentration while the thermal energy storage efficiency of the prepared panels was also confirmed by monitoring the trend of the inner temperature in cubic specimens subjected to programmed heating and cooling ramps. Concerning the mechanical response, flexural tests evidenced that the stiffness of the foams was not substantially influenced by the PCM content, while a heavy drop of the failure properties was detected.
UTU: Sāmoa archaeology and cultural heritage database
Authors: Jackmond Gregory , Fonoti Dionne , Meleisea Malama , Schoeffel Penelope , Durling Matthew , Tautunu Matiu Matavai , Sahib Mohammed 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe Sāmoa Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Database was begun in 2016 as an ongoing means of encouraging and assisting more archaeological research in Sāmoa. It is also building a stronger engagement between the Archaeology and Cultural Heritage research and teaching programme at the Centre for Sāmoan Studies at the National University with government agencies here, and is contributing to the still incomplete processes of preparing heritage protection legislation. Known as “Utu” (meaning “a container for treasures”). The Sāmoa Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Database maps known archaeological sites and previously undocumented sites identified by surveys and analysis of LiDAR images using a global information system (GIS) program. Mapped sites are linked to information about them, including archaeological analysis, historical sources, and oral traditions and any other available information. The work so far has provided new evidence for Sāmoa's prehistory in relation to population size and distribution, settlement patterns and land use.
Pretreatment anxious depression as a predictor of side effect frequency and severity in escitalopram and aripiprazole adjunctive therapy
Authors: Espinola Caroline W. , Khoo Yuelee , Parmar Roohie , Demchenko Ilya , Frey Benicio N. , Milev Roumen V. , Ravindran Arun V. , Parikh Sagar V. , Ho Keith , Rotzinger Susan , Lou Wendy , Lam Raymond W. , Kennedy Sidney H. , Bhat Venkat ,   the CAN‐BIND Investigator Team
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report side effect frequency and severity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) receiving escitalopram and aripiprazole adjunctive therapy and to examine whether pretreatment anxious depression is associated with the number and presence of specific side effects.Methods188 of the 211 trial participants provided information on side effects during treatment with escitalopram (10–20 mg) for 8 weeks, and nonresponders received further augmentation on aripiprazole (2–10 mg) adjunctive therapy for another 8 weeks, whereas responders remained on escitalopram. Participants completed the Toronto Side Effects Scale at weeks 2, 4, 10, and 12. Covariate‐adjusted negative binomial regression and Wilcoxon tests examined the association between anxious depression (GAD‐7 ≥ 10) and number of side effects. Covariate‐adjusted logistic regression and chi‐square tests explored the association between anxious depression and specific side effects.ResultsFor both therapies, the most frequent side effects were also the most severe. They mostly related to the central nervous system (CNS) (i.e., drowsiness and nervousness). Between baseline and week 2, the number of side effects participants experienced (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.38, p = .010) or had trouble with (IRR = 1.34, p = .026) was significantly higher among those with anxious depression for escitalopram but not adjunctive aripiprazole. Further, odds of experiencing and having trouble with nervousness and agitation were also significantly higher in anxious depression for escitalopram only (p < .05).ConclusionPatients on escitalopram and aripiprazole adjunctive therapy may experience and have trouble with CNS side effects. Pretreatment anxious depression may predispose escitalopram recipients with MDD to developing side effects, especially those related to anxiety.
Smaller femoral neck anteversion in varus knees than in healthy and valgus knees
Authors: Kawahara Shinya , Hara Daisuke , Murakami Koji , Hamai Satoshi , Akasaki Yukio , Tsushima Hidetoshi , Banks Scott A. , Nakashima Yasuharu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is important to investigate anatomical differences of the femur and tibia three‐dimensionally between varus and valgus knees to enhance surgical approaches and better understand structural factors related to specific patterns of osteoarthritis progression. Three‐dimensional femoral and tibial bone models were reconstructed from transverse computed‐tomography scans in varus osteoarthritis (43 knees), valgus osteoarthritis (40 knees), and healthy (32 knees) groups. Different coordinate systems were defined in each femoral bone model (“Knee” and “Hip” Coordinate System). Femoral neck inclination, lateral bowing, anterior bowing, and neck anteversion were measured and compared between knee and hip coordinate systems. Those parameters were also compared between varus, valgus, and healthy groups. The tibial anterior and lateral bowing, external torsion and the fibular axis relative to the tibial mechanical axis were measured and compared between varus and valgus groups. Femoral neck anteversion was significantly 1–2° greater in the hip coordinate system compared to the knee coordinate system. Femoral neck anteversion was significantly smaller in varus knees than in healthy or valgus knees, with average difference of approximately 5°. The knee and hip joint are often rotated externally relative to the trunk axis in patients with varus osteoarthritis, perhaps maintaining the geometric relations between pelvis and proximal femur (including peripheral hip muscles) regardless of knee deformities. The fibular axis was inclined slightly valgus and posteriorly in two groups. The results may inform hypotheses on, and future studies of, skeletal morphologic development and factors contributing to the progression of knee osteoarthritis.
Different Oligomeric States of the Tumor Suppressor p53 Show Identical Binding Behavior towards the S100β Homodimer
Authors: Wei Alan An Jung , Iacobucci Claudio , Schultze Wiebke , Ihling Christian H. , Arlt Christian , Sinz Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe tumor suppressor protein p53 is a transcription factor that is referred to as the “guardian of the genome” and plays an important role in cancer development. p53 is active as a homotetramer; the S100β homodimer binds to the intrinsically disordered C‐terminus of p53 affecting its transcriptional activity. The p53/S100β complex is regarded as highly promising therapeutic target in cancer. It has been suggested that S100β exerts its oncogenic effects by altering the p53 oligomeric state. Our aim was to study the structures and oligomerization behavior of different p53/S100β complexes by ESI‐MS, XL‐MS, and SPR. Wild‐type p53 and single amino acid variants, representing different oligomeric states of p53 were individually investigated regarding their binding behavior towards S100β. The stoichiometry of the different p53/S100β complexes were determined by ESI‐MS showing that tetrameric, dimeric, and monomeric p53 variants all bind to an S100β dimer. In addition, XL‐MS revealed the topologies of the p53/S100β complexes to be independent of p53’s oligomeric state. With SPR, the thermodynamic parameters were determined for S100β binding to tetrameric, dimeric, or monomeric p53 variants. Our data prove that the S100β homodimer binds to different oligomeric states of p53 with similar binding affinities. This emphasizes the need for alternative explanations to describe the molecular mechanisms underlying p53/S100β interaction.
Enhancing Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity Using Single Atom Catalyst Supported on Tantalum Pentoxide
Authors: Back Seoin , Bagherzadeh Mostaghimi Amir Hassan , Siahrostami Samira 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTransition metal oxides have emerged as promising cost‐effective alternatives to Pt catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cell applications. However, their low stability under harsh electrochemical conditions hinders their widespread applications. Tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) has proven to be a stable material under ORR conditions, but its activity is limited. In this work, we incorporate single atom catalysts (SACs) in Ta2O5 to resolve the limited ORR activity of this material by altering the electronic structures of surface Ta atoms. We use density functional theory (DFT) calculations to identify the most promising SACs with enhanced ORR activity. Pt, Rh, and Ir, are found to be the most promising SACs with improved ORR activity and high stability. This work suggests that SACs are effective in enhancing Ta2O5 catalytic activities for ORR.
A Quantitative Method for Determining Uptake of Silica Nanoparticles in Macrophages by Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Rogers Keegan L. , Cruz‐Hernandez Angela , Brown Jared M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEngineered nanomaterials are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in our society, with numerous applications in medicine, consumer products, bioremediation, and advanced materials. As these nanomaterials increase in variety, analyzing their characteristics is of great importance. Single particle inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (SP‐ICP‐MS) is a high‐throughput, sensitive, and robust instrumental analysis method used to simultaneously characterize and quantify nanoparticles in a variety of matrices. One such type of nanoparticle of interest is amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiNPs). SiNPs have widespread use in consumer products such as food and cosmetics and are prime candidates for novel medical applications and uses in environmental bioremediation. Despite their increased use, SiNPs have been shown to have toxicological properties in vitro and in vivo, particularly with regard to the immune system. Because of the potential for increased SiNP exposure in the general public and in occupational settings, examining the relationship that SiNPs have with immune cells such as macrophages to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity is vital. To effectively determine the toxicity of nanoparticles, it is critical to examine dosimetry and the amount of nanoparticles taken up by the cell of interest. Different cell types have different uptake profiles, and varying physicochemical properties govern nanoparticle dosimetry and uptake in cells. Here, we describe a protocol using SP‐ICP‐MS to quantify and characterize the size, size distribution, and amount of SiNPs present in a cell and medium sample. We use a single‐step digestion, which allows for the digestion of biological matrices while simultaneously keeping the SiNPs intact for SP‐ICP‐MS analysis. Clinically, this approach has the potential to be used as a method for analyzing SiNPs in other biological matrices, potentially as a way of defining SiNP uptake as a biomarker in immune‐mediated diseases. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Treatment of cells with silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and digestion of biological matricesSupport Protocol 1: Culturing RAW 264.7 cells for SiNP uptake assaySupport Protocol 2: Determination of SiNP size via dynamic light scatteringSupport Protocol 3: Optimization of sample and ICP‐MS parameters for SP‐ICP‐MS analysis of cells and mediumBasic Protocol 2: Analysis and quantification of SiNP uptake in macrophages with SP‐ICP‐MS
Methods for Enhanced Fluorescence Detection of Proteins by using Entrapped Gold Nanoparticles in Membranes
Authors: Momenbeitollahi Nikan , van der Zalm Joshua , Chen Aicheng , Li Huiyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMeasuring protein levels from biofluids can provide important insight into human health and disease during various physiological and pathological conditions. In many situations, sensitive methods are required for protein quantification because at the early stages of many diseases, proteins in biofluids are present at very low concentrations. Here, a new and simple method is presented in the form of Basic and Alternative Protocols for an immunoassay performed on a nitrocellulose membrane, followed by the addition of gold nanoparticles prior to measuring fluorescence with a microscope. The assay protocol was optimized to achieve 3D metal‐enhanced fluorescence (MEF) with increased antibody‐binding capacity and enhanced fluorescence signals, improving assay sensitivity. Using different concentrations of spiked fluorescently labeled IgGs in pooled normal human plasma, a lower detection limit of 29 ng/ml was achieved. This limit of detection was found to be a thousand‐fold lower than the conventional 2D assay and one order of magnitude lower than when the assay was performed on a 3D membrane without MEF. This method provides an easy way to improve immunoassay sensitivity, and it can be simply transferred to other labs. It also can extend to fluorescence detection of other analytes beyond proteins. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Assay in nitrocellulose membrane with entrapped AuNPs using commercially available AuNPsAlternative Protocol: Assay in nitrocellulose membrane with entrapped AuNPs using lab‐made AuNPs
Blood‐brain barrier dysfunction and reduced cerebrospinal fluid levels of soluble amyloid precursor protein‐β in patients with subcortical small‐vessel disease
Authors: Kettunen Petronella , Bjerke Maria , Eckerström Carl , Jonsson Michael , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Svensson Johan , Wallin Anders 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionSubcortical small‐vessel disease (SSVD) is the most common vascular cognitive disorder. However, because no disease‐specific cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are available for SSVD, our aim was to identify such markers.MethodsWe included 170 healthy controls and patients from the Gothenburg Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) study clinically diagnosed with SSVD dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), or mixed AD/SSVD. We quantified CSF levels of amyloid‐β (Aβ)x‐38, Aβx‐40, Aβx‐42, as well as soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP)‐α and sAPP‐β.ResultssAPP‐β was lower in SSVD patients than in AD patients and controls. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed that sAPP‐β moderately separated SSVD from AD and controls. Moreover, the CSF/serum albumin ratio was elevated exclusively in SSVD and could moderately separate SSVD from the other groups in ROC analyses.DiscussionSSVD has a biomarker profile that differs from that of AD and controls, and to some extent also from mixed AD/SSVD, suggesting that signs of blood‐brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and sAPP‐β could be additional tools to diagnose SSVD.Highlights
Patients with subcortical small‐vessel disease (SSVD) exhibited reduced levels of sAPP‐β and disturbances of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB).
This biochemical pattern is different from that of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to some degree from that of mixed AD/SSVD.
Our findings are speaking in favor of the concept that SSVD is a distinct vascular cognitive disorder (VCD) form.
Cortical surface variation in individuals with excessive smartphone use
Authors: Hirjak Dusan , Henemann Gudrun M. , Schmitgen Mike M. , Götz Larissa , Wolf Nadine D. , Kubera Katharina M. , Sambataro Fabio , Leménager Tagrid , Koenig Julian , Wolf Robert Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExcessive smartphone use has been repeatedly related to adverse effects on mental health and psychological well‐being in young adults. The continued investigation of the neurobiological mechanism underlying excessive smartphone use—sometimes also referred to as “smartphone addiction”(SPA)—is considered a top priority in system neuroscience research. Despite progress in the past years, cortical morphology associated with SPA is still poorly understood. Here, we used structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 T to investigate two cortical surface markers of distinct neurodevelopmental origin such as the complexity of cortical folding (CCF) and cortical thickness (CTh) in individuals with excessive smartphone use (n = 19) compared to individuals not fulfilling SPA criteria (n‐SPA; n = 22). SPA was assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI). CCF and CTh were investigated using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12). SPA individuals showed lower CCF in the right superior frontal gyrus as well as in the right caudal (cACC) and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) compared to n‐SPA individuals (TFCE, uncorrected at p < 0.001). Following a dimensional approach, across the entire sample, CCF of the right cACC was significantly associated with SPAI total score, as well as with distinct SPAI subdimensions, particularly time spent with the device, compulsivity, and sleep interference in all participants (n = 41; p < 0.05, FDR‐corrected). Collectively, these findings suggest that SPA is associated with aberrant structural maturation of regions important for cognitive control and emotional regulation.
Rapid refeeding in anorexia nervosa: A dialectic balance
Authors: Staab Randolf , Campagna Julia , Ma Julia , Sengar Anjana 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the impact of our new rapid refeeding protocol on patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) in our Eating Disorders Program. We hypothesize that the new protocol would lead to a more rapid weight gain and a shorter length of stay, with no effect on medical complications or program completion.MethodThis cohort design included consecutive inpatients and day hospital patients admitted to the program with a BMI <18 kg/m2 and a diagnosis of AN between 2007 and 2020; N = 326 patients. Main outcomes measured were rate of weight gain and length of stay. Safety indicators included electrolyte disturbances and supplementation required, complications including refeeding syndrome and completion of the program. A p value <.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsTotal length of stay was 21 days shorter for patients on the rapid refeeding protocol compared to the traditional refeeding protocol. Patients on the new protocol gained 0.21 more kg/week compared to patients on the old protocol. There was no difference in completion rates between programs. Electrolyte imbalances were mild to moderate and easily treated with oral electrolyte supplementation. There were no deaths or cases of refeeding syndrome with either protocol.DiscussionThis is the first Canadian study to assess the effectiveness and safety of rapid refeeding in an adult population. Rapid refeeding protocols can be safely administered and are cost effective. Shorter hospital admissions are desirable to minimize possible regression and dependency on inpatient services and positively impacts patients' quality of life.Public SignificanceThis study advances the idea that rapid refeeding in patients with anorexia nervosa can be administered safely and effectively with close medical monitoring. In addition, rapid refeeding leads to shorter hospital stays, with a cost‐savings to the health system. Shorter admissions are desirable to minimize possible regression and dependency on inpatient services and also positively impacts patients' quality of life.
Removing climbers more than doubles tree growth and biomass in degraded tropical forests
Authors: Finlayson Catherine , Roopsind Anand , Griscom Bronson W. , Edwards David P. , Freckleton Robert P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHuge areas of tropical forests are degraded, reducing their biodiversity, carbon, and timber value. The recovery of these degraded forests can be significantly inhibited by climbing plants such as lianas. Removal of super‐abundant climbers thus represents a restoration action with huge potential for application across the tropics. While experimental studies largely report positive impacts of climber removal on tree growth and biomass accumulation, the efficacy of climber removal varies widely, with high uncertainty as to where and how to apply the technique. Using meta‐analytic techniques, we synthesize results from 26 studies to quantify the efficacy of climber removal for promoting tree growth and biomass accumulation. We find that climber removal increases tree growth by 156% and biomass accumulation by 209% compared to untreated forest, and that efficacy remains for at least 19 years. Extrapolating from these results, climber removal could sequester an additional 32 Gigatons of CO2 over 10 years, at low cost, across regrowth, and production forests. Our analysis also revealed that climber removal studies are concentrated in the Neotropics (N = 22), relative to Africa (N = 2) and Asia (N = 2), preventing our study from assessing the influence of region on removal efficacy. While we found some evidence that enhancement of tree growth and AGB accumulation varies across disturbance context and removal method, but not across climate, the number and geographical distribution of studies limits the strength of these conclusions. Climber removal could contribute significantly to reducing global carbon emissions and enhancing the timber and biomass stocks of degraded forests, ultimately protecting them from conversion. However, we urgently need to assess the efficacy of removal outside the Neotropics, and consider the potential negative consequences of climber removal under drought conditions and for biodiversity.
Synthesis of Chiral Ionic Liquids from Natural Monosaccharides
Authors: Ghirardello Mattia , Costantini Maira , Vecchi Alessandra , Pacifico Salvatore , Pazzi Daniele , Castiglione Franca , Mele Andrea , Marra Alberto 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThree series of new ionic liquids (ILs), namely imidazolium‐, pyrazolium‐, and bis‐benzimidazolium‐containing ILs, were prepared from low‐cost, unprotected carbohydrates. Information on anion‐cation interactions and solvation shell were obtained via diffusion NMR and heteronuclear Overhauser correlation maps (HOESY), respectively.
Visible‐Light‐Promoted Metal‐Free Photocatalytic Direct Aromatic C−H Oxygenation
Authors: Bhuyan Samuzal , Gogoi Abhijit , Basumatary Joneswar , Gopal Roy Biswajit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAromatic C−O bond is ubiquitous in natural product and pharmaceuticals, and their formation have significant importance in organic synthesis. A mild atom‐economic visible‐light photocatalytic approach has been developed for single‐step synthesis of diverse aryl alcohols, ethers and esters through direct C−H functionalization of aromatic ring at ambient condition. This approach uses DDQ as photocatalyst and TBN as co‐catalyst to facilitate the substitution of aromatic C−H by neutral nucleophile oxygen of water, alcohols and carboxylic acids and it uses aerobic oxygen as the terminal oxidant to produce water as the only by‐product.