bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decussating axons segregate within the anterior core of the primate optic chiasm
Authors: Horton Jonathan C , Dilbeck Mikayla D , Economides John R 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe axons of ganglion cells in the nasal retina decussate at the optic chiasm. It is unclear why tumours cause more injury to crossing nasal fibres, thereby giving rise to temporal visual field loss in each eye. To address this issue, the course of fibres through the optic chiasm was examined following injection of a different fluorescent tracer into each eye of a monkey.MethodsUnder general anaesthesia, cholera toxin subunit B—Alexa Fluor 488 was injected into the right eye and cholera toxin subunit B—Alexa Fluor 594 was injected into the left eye of a single normal adult male rhesus monkey. After a week’s survival for anterograde transport, serial coronal sections through the primary optic pathway were examined.ResultsA zone within the core of the anterior and mid portions of the optic chiasm was comprised entirely of crossing fibres. This zone of decussation was delineated by segregated, interwoven sheets of green (right eye) and red (left eye) fibres. It expanded steadily to fill more of the optic chiasm as fibres coursed posteriorly towards the optic tracts. Eventually, crossed fibres became completely intermingled with uncrossed fibres, so that ocular separation was lost.ConclusionsA distinct, central compartment located within the anterior two-thirds of the optic chiasm contains only crossing fibres. Sellar tumours focus their compressive force on this portion of the structure, explaining why they so often produce visual field loss in the temporal fields.
Association between the level of partial foot amputation and gait: a scoping review with implications for the minimum impairment criteria for wheelchair tennis
Authors: de Oliveira Fábio Carlos Lucas , Williamson Samuel , Ardern Clare L , Fagher Kristina , Heron Neil , Janse van Rensburg Dina Christina (Christa) , Jansen Marleen G T , Kolman Nikki , O'Connor Sean Richard , Saueressig Tobias , Schoonmade Linda , Thornton Jane S , Webborn Nick , Pluim Babette M 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveThis scoping review examines how different levels and types of partial foot amputation affect gait and explores how these findings may affect the minimal impairment criteria for wheelchair tennis.MethodsFour databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus) were systematically searched in February 2021 for terms related to partial foot amputation and ambulation. The search was updated in February 2022. All study designs investigating gait-related outcomes in individuals with partial foot amputation were included and independently screened by two reviewers based on Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews.ResultsTwenty-nine publications with data from 252 participants with partial foot amputation in 25 studies were analysed. Toe amputations were associated with minor gait abnormalities, and great toe amputations caused loss of push-off in a forward and lateral direction. Metatarsophalangeal amputations were associated with loss of stability and decreased gait speed. Ray amputations were associated with decreased gait speed and reduced lower extremity range of motion. Transmetatarsal amputations and more proximal amputations were associated with abnormal gait, substantial loss of power generation across the ankle and impaired mobility.ConclusionsPartial foot amputation was associated with various gait changes, depending on the type of amputation. Different levels and types of foot amputation are likely to affect tennis performance. We recommend including first ray, transmetatarsal, Chopart and Lisfranc amputations in the minimum impairment criteria, excluding toe amputations (digits two to five), and we are unsure whether to include or exclude great toe, ray (two to five) and metatarsophalangeal amputations.Trial registrationThe protocol of this scoping review was previously registered at the Open Science Framework Registry (https://osf.io/8gh9y) and published.
Epidemiology of MRI-detected muscle injury in athletes participating in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games
Authors: Katagiri Hiroki , Forster Bruce B , Engebretsen Lars , An Jae-Sung , Adachi Takuya , Saida Yukihisa , Onishi Kentaro , Koga Hideyuki 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveMuscle injury is one of the most common injuries occurring at the Olympic Games often with devastating consequences. Epidemiological injury surveillance is recognised by the IOC as essential for injury prevention and management. We aimed to describe the incidence, anatomical location and classification of MRI-detected muscle injuries in athletes who participated in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.MethodsTwo board-certified orthopaedic surgeons, highly experienced in reviewing MRIs, independently and retrospectively reviewed all MRIs collected at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games from clinical reports generated by board-certified musculoskeletal radiologists at the IOC Polyclinic. The presence and anatomical site of muscle injuries were classified as: type a: myofascial/peripheral; type b: muscle belly or musculotendinous junction; and type c: injury which extends into the tendon, with reference to the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification.ResultsFifty-nine MRI-detected muscle injuries were seen in 40 male and 19 female athletes. 24 athletes (41%) were unable to fully compete in their event. Fifty-two injuries (88%) involved lower extremity muscles with hamstring muscle injuries most common (32 of 59, 54%). Half of all muscle injuries occurred in athletes participating in athletics (30 of 59, 51%). 21 athletes (35%) sustained type a injuries, 14 athletes (24%) type b injuries and 24 athletes (41%) type c injuries. Of athletes with type c injuries, 18 (75%) did not complete their competition, a rate significantly higher than types a and b (OR 14.50, 95% CI 4.0 to 51.9, p<0.001).ConclusionFor athletes sustaining muscle injuries during the Olympic Games, our study demonstrates the prognostic relevance of muscle injury anatomical site and severity for predicting completion or non-completion of an Olympic athlete’s competition.
Association between mild cognitive impairment and falls among Chinese older adults: the mediating roles of balance capacity and depressive symptoms
Authors: Liang Hang , Yue Zhang , Liu Yimin , Yan Ziju , Wang Boyu , Xiang Nan , Liu Erpeng 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the association between mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the follow-up risk of falls among Chinese older adults, exploring the mediating roles of balance capacity and depressive symptoms in the association between MCI and falls.MethodsA total of 5482 adults aged 60 years and above from waves 2015 and 2018 of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included for analysis. Cognition was assessed by a global cognition score, which included three tests: episodic memory, figure drawing and Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between MCI and falls. Mediation analysis was employed to explore the potential mediating roles of balance capacity and depressive symptoms in the association between MCI and falls.ResultsMCI was significantly associated with the risk of falls (OR 1.259, 95% CI 1.080 to 1.467). Balance capacity and depressive symptoms played parallel mediating roles in the association between MCI and falls, and the mediating effects were 0.004 (95% CI 0.003 to 0.024) and 0.010 (95% CI 0.004 to 0.016), respectively.ConclusionsIt is necessary to screen for and recognise MCI in order to prevent falls among older adults. More efforts should be made to improve balance capacity and relieve depressive symptoms to reduce the risk of falls among older adults with MCI.
A note on the connectivity of the exchanged hypercube
Authors: Jha Pranava K. 
Published: December 2022

[M. Ma, The connectivity of exchanged hypercubes, Discrete Math., Algorithms Appl. 2(2) (2010) 213–220.] proved that the vertex connectivity and the edge connectivity of the exchanged hypercube are each equal to the minimum degree of the graph. This paper presents a proof of that result, which is substantially simpler and more intuitive.
Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on the Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System
Authors: Swain Christopher T.V. , Drummond Ann E. , Milne Roger L. , English Dallas R. , Brown Kristy A. , Chong Jamie E. , Skinner Tina L. , van Roekel Eline H. , Moore Melissa M. , Gaunt Tom R. , Martin Richard M. , Lewis Sarah J. , Lynch Brigid M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Physical activity may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer via its effect on the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system. A systematic review searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT), Mendelian randomization and prospective cohort studies that examined the effects of physical activity on insulin/IGF signaling [IGFs, their binding proteins (IGFBP), and markers of insulin resistance] in adult women. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system used to determine the overall quality of the evidence. Fifty-eight RCTs met our inclusion criteria, no observational or Mendelian randomization studies met the criteria for inclusion. Meta-analyses indicated that physical activity interventions (vs. control) reduced fasting insulin, the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance and fasting glucose. Physical activity increased IGF-1, but there was no clear effect on IGFBP-3 or the ratio of IGF-1:IGFBP-3. Strong evidence was only established for fasting insulin and insulin resistance. Further research is needed to examine the effect of physical activity on C-peptide and HBA1c in women. Reductions in fasting insulin and insulin resistance following exercise suggest some biological plausibility of the first part of the physical activity–insulin/IGF signaling–breast cancer pathway.
See related article by Drummond et al., p. 2116
Growth Performance and Immune Response of Free-range Chicken Supplemented with Different Levels of Spirulina (arthrospira platensis) in their Diet
Authors: Estudillo Sinamar E. 
Published: December 2022

The study was conducted to determine the effects on the growth performance and immune response of free-range chicken supplemented with different levels of spirulina in their diet. Sixty free range chicken, fifteen day-olds, were used in the study which were randomly distributed in four treatments, three replicates in each treatment with five experimental birds in each replicate. Treatment 1- Control (pure commercial feeds); Treatment 2- 4% spirulina supplemented in commercial feeds; Treatment 3 -5% spirulina supplemented in commercial feeds and Treatment 4 – 6% spirulina supplemented in commercial feeds. Initial and final weight reveal that they are replicate significantly different among the four treatments whereas Average Daily Gain and Feed Conversion Ratio showed no significant differences among treatments, however, Treatment 4 exhibited efficiency in feed conversion and has the highest gain in weight among treatments. In hemagglutination Inhibition test, all treatments responded positive in immune response.
Level of Satisfaction of Customers on the Use of E-Commerce of Food Establishments
Authors: Barrera Janet D. , Samos Beverly B. , Barrios Mary Rose 
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to investigate the level of satisfaction on the use of e-commerce to customers of food establishments in Dipolog City amidst the CoVid19 pandemic this academic year 2021-2022. Specific questions were answered, namely: the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, educational attainment, civil status, occupation, and type of gadget used; the level of satisfaction of the respondents on the use of e-commerce in terms of e-marketing, platforms, and customers’ feedback; test for the significant difference in the level of satisfaction of the respondents on the use of e-commerce when analyzed according to their profile; the problems met or challenges encountered in the use of e-commerce; and test for the significant relationship between the respondents’ level of satisfaction and the problems met or encountered on the use of e-commerce.
This study used the descriptive quantitative correlational method of research utilizing questionnaire as its principal tool of gathering data. The study was conducted among 193 residents of different barangays in Dipolog City during the calendar year 2022. The researcher-made questionnaire was used. Items of the questionnaires were gathered from the readings of the literature on e-commerce. The questionnaire was subjected for content and construct validity using Cronbach’s Alpha test to measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire. The statistical analysis of the data included the use of frequency counting and percentage, weighted average mean and standard deviation. Tests of inference were done using the t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and the Spearman rho correlation coefficient. Statistical analyses were run using the SPSS and online data analysis calculators.
The majority of the respondents belonged to age brackets 33-47 years old with 102 or 52.85 percent from the 193 respondents, mostly females, college graduate, married, working in the government, and used cellular phones. Most of the respondents were highly satisfied on the use of applications and platforms as these lead to prompt and on-time food delivery. There is no significant difference in the level of satisfaction when grouped according to age, sex, educational attainment, civil status, occupation, and type of gadget used. The use of e-commerce may not be the crucial factor affecting their problems and challenges.
Concerned agencies may look into their policies of providing regulations. Future researches may be conducted to look into other factors that may have impact on the satisfaction level of the consumers in the food industry.
Supplementary Learning Resource Package in Science 10 Physics
Authors: Decoriña Dante M. 
Published: December 2022

Physics is a difficult subject for the vast majority of Filipino students to learn. It is also a challenge for educators worldwide to create learning media that makes it easier to explain the material especially in learning fields that require a reasonably high level of understanding, such as Physics. The use of high-quality instructional materials facilitates and improves the teaching and learning process. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a supplementary learning resource package in Physics for Grade 10 Science. Descriptive method of research was used in this research. The respondents of the study were the thirty science teachers and fifteen science experts who evaluated the materials based on the set standards. The study showed that the supplementary learning resource package is acceptable for use by teachers and students for independent learning particularly in the new normal education. It is recommended that the supplementary learning resource package be further validated in order to provide more effective instructional materials to both learners and teachers, and that other science teachers be encouraged by their school heads to develop similar learning packages.
The Underneaths of Painting, Redux: For Silke Otto-Knapp, 1970–2022
Authors: Baker George 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This essay explores the untold histories opened up by Francis Picabia's painting The Spanish Night, 1922. Out of place within Dada but clearly in dialogue with the work of Marcel Duchamp and parodying conservative or neo-classical styles of painting but also undermining the avant-garde tactics of a still-nascent Surrealism, Picabia's canvas has been too simply dismissed as part of the artist's own return to figuration, a sudden retrenchment and embrace of a vehement anti-modernism. Instead, the work seethes with connection to underground tactics moving between Dada and Surrealism, and it establishes a formal structure that determines Picabia's painting for the following decades. This essay identifies and attempts to name the formal tactics of the work, tracing their implications for other artists—from Surrealism into the present moment. Among the other people and concepts discussed are William Copley, Man Ray, Hubert Damisch, Robert Desnos, the “return to order,” figuration, kitsch, Surrealism, Superrealism, and bad painting.
Revision of the genus Luridiblatta (Blaberoidea, Ectobiidae, Ectobiinae)
Authors: BOHN HORST 
Published: December 2022

The present paper deals with the revision of Luridiblatta a genus having an almost circum-mediterranean distribution. The genus contains 10 species of which 7 are new; they can be aligned to 3 species-groups: the longitubulata-group with the species L. longitubulata sp. nov., L. gibberosa sp. nov., L. fenestrata sp. nov., and L. vesiculosa sp. nov.; the trivittata-group with L. trivittata and L. habbachii sp. nov.; and the beybienkoi-group with L. quadrivittata, L. cyprica sp. nov., L. beybienkoi and L. graeca sp. nov. The species descriptions are accompanied by numerous photographs, a taxonomic key to males, and a cladogram showing the presumed interspecific relationships.
Study of the morphology elucidates an unusually high variation in shape and structure of the abdominal tergites T6, T7 and T8. In the species with strongly derived T6 the latter is characterised by enigmatic structures giving the impression for serving as a kind of a drainage system.
William Rimmer
Authors: Evans Dorinda 
Published: December 2022

William Rimmer (1816–1879) is arguably the first modernist American sculptor, although his inventive originality has not been fully acknowledged. Rimmer cultivated an art of ideas and personal expression whilst supporting himself as a physician and, later, as a teacher of art anatomy at the Cooper Union School of Design for Women in New York.
Unlike his contemporaries, he advocated the creation of sculpture drawn entirely from the artist’s imagination, as opposed to antique archetypes or live models. In this way, he sought to reframe excellence in American art as something that must be found within, rather than derived from Europe.
In this new monograph, the meaning of Rimmer’s works is for the first time considered from a combination of perspectives, such as close visual analysis (including X-ray and infrared), historical documentation, and social context. These are enriched with discussion of the artist’s own bipolar disorder, deeply-held spiritualism, and views on gender equality—considering women just as talented as men, he used naked male models in all-female classes long before his contemporaries, and produced an allegorical sculpture of fighting lions that criticized the tyranny of men over women.
This book will be of great interest to academics, students, art museums, collectors, dealers, art historians, and members of the public with an affinity for Rimmer’s work. It will also appeal to those with a broader interest in American culture.
Do Submesoscales Affect the Large-Scale Structure of the Upper Ocean?
Authors: Sinha Anirban , Callies Jörn , Menemenlis Dimitris 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Submesoscale baroclinic instabilities have been shown to restratify the surface mixed layer and to seasonally energize submesoscale turbulence in the upper ocean. But do these instabilities also affect the large-scale circulation and stratification of the upper thermocline? This question is addressed for the North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water region with a series of numerical simulations at varying horizontal grid spacings (16, 8, 4, and 2 km). These simulations are realistically forced and integrated long enough for the thermocline to adjust to the presence or absence of submesoscales. Linear stability analysis indicates that a 2-km grid spacing is sufficient to resolve the most unstable mode of the wintertime mixed layer instability. As the resolution is increased, spectral slopes of horizontal kinetic energy flatten and vertical velocities increase in magnitude, consistent with previous regional and short-time simulations. The equilibrium stratification of the thermocline changes drastically as the grid spacing is refined from 16 to 8 km and mesoscale eddies are fully resolved. The thermocline stratification remains largely unchanged, however, between the 8-, 4-, and 2-km runs. This robustness is argued to arise from a mesoscale constraint on the buoyancy variance budget. Once mesoscale processes are resolved, the rate of mesoscale variance production is largely fixed. This constrains the variance destruction by submesoscale vertical buoyancy fluxes, which thus remain invariant across resolutions. The bulk impact of mixed layer instabilities on upper-ocean stratification in the Subtropical Mode Water region through an enhanced vertical buoyancy flux is therefore captured at 8-km grid spacing, even though the instabilities are severely underresolved.
Ideal models of good inpatient care for adults with intellectual disability: Lessons from England
Authors: Burrows Lisa , Page Georgia , Plugaru Elena , Kent Bridie , Odiyoor Mahesh , Jaydeokar Sujeet , Williams Jonathan , Elliot Kevin , Laugharne Richard , Shankar Rohit 
Published: December 2022

Background: In recent years, a significant proportion of inpatient facilities for people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism has been de-commissioned in England, This has resulted in individuals with intellectual disabilities being sent to distant hospitals far away from their families and carers leading to challenges in follow-up, community care and interventions. The impact of de-institutionalisation, has often caused patient trauma, family distress and subsequent discharge difficulties. Not every individual with intellectual disabilities and/or autism requires inpatient care but inpatient care when needed has to be local, adequate and appropriate. Aims: To evaluate current evidence of utility of inpatient models for people with intellectual disabilities and outline best clinical practice. Method: PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science were searched with key search terms. The search was conducted by the information specialist and identified abstracts screened further for inclusion criteria, methodological issues, and other appropriate characteristics. Twenty-three papers were included in the rapid review. Papers shortlisted had the inclusion criteria applied against the full text version independently by two reviewers. Disagreements regarding eligibility of studies was resolved by discussion and consensus within the project team. Key data related to in-patient models of care was extracted from the included papers, which included year of study, design, study objectives, target population, method/s tested, outcomes reported, country of study/studies, and results. Data extraction was performed by two reviewers and reviewed by the project team. Results: From the review of services for people with intellectual disabilities, we came across four broad models/frameworks/approaches. Evidence on what worked for inpatient service provision tended to be based on models developed and implemented locally. Conclusions: We make recommendations for the best clinical practice and standards. Both clinical service providers and policymakers need to be aware of specific needs of individuals with intellectual disability and/or autism.