bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Steady State in Coastal Aquifers Is Driven by Multi‐Scale Cyclical Processes, Controlled by Aquifer Storativity
Authors: Paldor Anner , Frederiks Ryan S. , Michael Holly A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoastal aquifers supply freshwater to nearly half the global population, yet they are threatened by salinization. Salinities are typically estimated assuming steady‐state, neglecting the effect of cyclical forcings on average salinity distributions. Here, numerical modeling is used to test this assumption. Multi‐scale fluctuations in sea level (SL) are simulated, from tides to glacial cycles. Results show that high‐frequency fluctuations alter average salinities compared with the steady‐state distribution produced by average SL. Low‐frequency forcing generates discrepancies between present‐day salinities estimated with and without considering the cyclical forcing due to overshoot effects. This implies that salinities in coastal aquifers may be erroneously estimated when assuming steady‐state conditions, since present distributions are likely part of a dynamic steady state that includes forcing on multiple timescales. Further, typically neglected aquifer storage characteristics can strongly control average salinity distributions. This has important implications for managing vulnerable coastal groundwater resources and for calibration of hydrogeological models.
Crustal Shortening and Rheological Behavior Across the Longmen Shan Fault, Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhu Yage , Diao Faqi , Wang Rongjiang , Hao Ming , Shao Zhigang , Xiong Xiong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractKnowledge of lithospheric rheology can provide fundamental insights into crustal deformation near the Longmen Shan fault (LMSF). Based on viscoelastic deformation models constrained by interseismic geodetic observations, we obtain an optimal crustal shortening rate of 4.8 ± 0.4 mm/a across the LMSF and an upper mantle viscosity of 5.0 × 1020−21 Pa · s beneath eastern Tibet. More importantly, we find a high‐viscosity zone (>1021 Pa · s) in the lower crust beneath the LMSF, where the steady‐state viscosity is significantly higher than the transient viscosity derived from postseismic deformation. Further investigations with a power‐law rheology suggest that, due to the stress loading of the Wenchuan earthquake and the relaxation afterwards, the effective lower crustal viscosity decreases to ∼1018 Pa · s immediately after the earthquake and finally recovers to interseismic level (∼1021 Pa · s). Our results highlight the stress‐dependent behavior and the viscoelastic effect of rheological structure beneath the LMSF during the earthquake cycle.
The interferon-β/STAT1 axis drives the collective invasion of skin squamous cell carcinoma with sealed intercellular spaces
Authors: Kumagai Yuji , Nio-Kobayashi Junko , Ishihara Seiichiro , Enomoto Atsushi , Akiyama Masashi , Ichihara Ryosuke , Haga Hisashi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe process by which cancer cells invade as a cell cluster, known as collective invasion, is associated with metastasis and worse prognosis of cancer patients; therefore, inhibition of collective invasion is considered to improve cancer treatment. However, the cellular characteristics responsible for collective invasion remain largely unknown. Here, we successfully established subclones with various invasive potentials derived from human skin squamous carcinoma cells. The cell cluster of the highly invasive subclone had a hermetically sealed and narrow intercellular space. Interferon-β was localized to the sealed intercellular spaces, leading to collective invasion via the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). On the other hand, interferon-β was not localized to non-sealed and wide intercellular spaces of the cell cluster of low-invasive subclone with deficient STAT1 activity. In the mixed cell cluster of high- and low-invasive subclones, the high-invasive sub-clonal cells were located at the invasive front of the invasive protrusion, leading to collective invasion by the low-invasive sub-clonal cells. Tissue microarray analysis of human skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) also showed enrichment of STAT1 in the invasive front of SCCs. These findings indicate that the intercellular structure controls the potential for collective invasion via STAT1 regulation in SCC.
Ultra-dense dislocations stabilized in high entropy oxide ceramics
Authors: Han Yi , Liu Xiangyang , Zhang Qiqi , Huang Muzhang , Li Yi , Pan Wei , Zong Peng-an , Li Lieyang , Yang Zesheng , Feng Yingjie , Zhang Peng , Wan Chunlei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDislocations are commonly present and important in metals but their effects have not been fully recognized in oxide ceramics. The large strain energy raised by the rigid ionic/covalent bonding in oxide ceramics leads to dislocations with low density (∼106 mm−2), thermodynamic instability and spatial inhomogeneity. In this paper, we report ultrahigh density (∼109 mm−2) of edge dislocations that are uniformly distributed in oxide ceramics with large compositional complexity. We demonstrate the dislocations are progressively and thermodynamically stabilized with increasing complexity of the composition, in which the entropy gain can compensate the strain energy of dislocations. We also find cracks are deflected and bridged with ∼70% enhancement of fracture toughness in the pyrochlore ceramics with multiple valence cations, due to the interaction with enlarged strain field around the immobile dislocations. This research provides a controllable approach to establish ultra-dense dislocations in oxide ceramics, which may open up another dimension to tune their properties.
Off-season RSV epidemics in Australia after easing of COVID-19 restrictions
Authors: Eden John-Sebastian , Sikazwe Chisha , Xie Ruopeng , Deng Yi-Mo , Sullivan Sheena G. , Michie Alice , Levy Avram , Cutmore Elena , Blyth Christopher C. , Britton Philip N. , Crawford Nigel , Dong Xiaomin , Dwyer Dominic E. , Edwards Kimberly M. , Horsburgh Bethany A. , Foley David , Kennedy Karina , Minney-Smith Cara , Speers David , Tulloch Rachel L. , Holmes Edward C. , Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna , Smith David W. , Kok Jen , Barr Ian G. ,   the Australian RSV study group, Alafaci Annette , Carter Ian , Daley Andrew , Francis Michelle , Kesson Alison , Moore Hannah , Ngo Christine , Tran Tyna 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute respiratory infection with the most severe disease in the young and elderly. Non-pharmaceutical interventions and travel restrictions for controlling COVID-19 have impacted the circulation of most respiratory viruses including RSV globally, particularly in Australia, where during 2020 the normal winter epidemics were notably absent. However, in late 2020, unprecedented widespread RSV outbreaks occurred, beginning in spring, and extending into summer across two widely separated regions of the Australian continent, New South Wales (NSW) and Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in the east, and Western Australia. Through genomic sequencing we reveal a major reduction in RSV genetic diversity following COVID-19 emergence with two genetically distinct RSV-A clades circulating cryptically, likely localised for several months prior to an epidemic surge in cases upon relaxation of COVID-19 control measures. The NSW/ACT clade subsequently spread to the neighbouring state of Victoria and to cause extensive outbreaks and hospitalisations in early 2021. These findings highlight the need for continued surveillance and sequencing of RSV and other respiratory viruses during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, as mitigation measures may disrupt seasonal patterns, causing larger or more severe outbreaks.
MXene based saturation organic vertical photoelectric transistors with low subthreshold swing
Authors: Li Enlong , Gao Changsong , Yu Rengjian , Wang Xiumei , He Lihua , Hu Yuanyuan , Chen Huajie , Chen Huipeng , Guo Tailiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVertical transistors have attracted enormous attention in the next-generation electronic devices due to their high working frequency, low operation voltage and large current density, while a major scientific and technological challenge for high performance vertical transistor is to find suitable source electrode. Herein, an MXene material, Ti3C2Tx, is introduced as source electrode of organic vertical transistors. The porous MXene films take the advantage of both partially shielding effect of graphene and the direct modulation of the Schottky barrier at the mesh electrode, which significantly enhances the ability of gate modulation and reduces the subthreshold swing to 73 mV/dec. More importantly, the saturation of output current which is essential for all transistor-based applications but remains a great challenge for vertical transistors, is easily achieved in our device due to the ultra-thin thickness and native oxidation of MXene, as verified by finite-element simulations. Finally, our device also possesses great potential for being used as wide-spectrum photodetector with fast response speed without complex material and structure design. This work demonstrates that MXene as source electrode offers plenty of opportunities for high performance vertical transistors and photoelectric devices.
Robust temporal map of human in vitro myelopoiesis using single-cell genomics
Authors: Alsinet Clara , Primo Maria Nascimento , Lorenzi Valentina , Bello Erica , Kelava Iva , Jones Carla P. , Vilarrasa-Blasi Roser , Sancho-Serra Carmen , Knights Andrew J. , Park Jong-Eun , Wyspianska Beata S. , Trynka Gosia , Tough David F. , Bassett Andrew , Gaffney Daniel J. , Alvarez-Errico Damiana , Vento-Tormo Roser 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMyeloid cells are central to homeostasis and immunity. Characterising in vitro myelopoiesis protocols is imperative for their use in research, immunotherapies, and understanding human myelopoiesis. Here, we generate a >470K cells molecular map of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) differentiation into macrophages. Integration with in vivo single-cell atlases shows in vitro differentiation recapitulates features of yolk sac hematopoiesis, before definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) emerge. The diversity of myeloid cells generated, including mast cells and monocytes, suggests that HSC-independent hematopoiesis can produce multiple myeloid lineages. We uncover poorly described myeloid progenitors and conservation between in vivo and in vitro regulatory programs. Additionally, we develop a protocol to produce iPSC-derived dendritic cells (DC) resembling cDC2. Using CRISPR/Cas9 knock-outs, we validate the effects of key transcription factors in macrophage and DC ontogeny. This roadmap of myeloid differentiation is an important resource for investigating human fetal hematopoiesis and new therapeutic opportunities.
Anoctamin 1 controls bone resorption by coupling Cl− channel activation with RANKL-RANK signaling transduction
Authors: Sun Weijia , Guo Shuai , Li Yuheng , Li JianWei , Liu Caizhi , Chen Yafei , Wang Xuzhao , Tan Yingjun , Tian Hua , Wang Cheng , Du Ruikai , Zhong Guohui , Shi Sai , Ma Biao , Qu Chang , Fu Jingxuan , Jin Xiaoyan , Zhao Dingsheng , Zhan Yong , Ling Shukuan , An Hailong , Li Yingxian 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOsteoclast over-activation leads to bone loss and chloride homeostasis is fundamental importance for osteoclast function. The calcium-activated chloride channel Anoctamin 1 (also known as TMEM16A) is an important chloride channel involved in many physiological processes. However, its role in osteoclast remains unresolved. Here, we identified the existence of Anoctamin 1 in osteoclast and show that its expression positively correlates with osteoclast activity. Osteoclast-specific Anoctamin 1 knockout mice exhibit increased bone mass and decreased bone resorption. Mechanistically, Anoctamin 1 deletion increases intracellular Cl− concentration, decreases H+ secretion and reduces bone resorption. Notably, Anoctamin 1 physically interacts with RANK and this interaction is dependent upon Anoctamin 1 channel activity, jointly promoting RANKL-induced downstream signaling pathways. Anoctamin 1 protein levels are substantially increased in osteoporosis patients and this closely correlates with osteoclast activity. Finally, Anoctamin 1 deletion significantly alleviates ovariectomy induced osteoporosis. These results collectively establish Anoctamin 1 as an essential regulator in osteoclast function and suggest a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
The regulatory mechanism of LncRNA-mediated ceRNA network in osteosarcoma
Authors: Lin Chengsen , Miao Jifeng , He Juliang , Feng Wenyu , Chen Xianxiang , Jiang Xiaohong , Liu Jianhong , Li Boxiang , Huang Qian , Liao Shijie , Liu Yun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAberrantly expressed lncRNAs have been reported to be closely related to the oncogenesis and development of osteosarcoma. However, the role of a dysregulated lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in osteosarcoma in the same individual needs to be further investigated. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on the tumour tissues and matched paratumour tissues of three patients with confirmed osteosarcoma. Two divergent lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks were constructed in accordance with their biological significance. The GO and KEGG analysis results of the mRNAs in the two networks revealed that the aberrantly expressed lncRNAs were involved in regulating bone growth and development, epithelial cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and the N-terminal acetylation of proteins. The survival analysis results of the two networks showed that patients with high expression ofGALNT3,FAM91A1,STC2andSLC7A1end in poorer prognosis. Likewise, patients with low expression ofIGF2,BLCAP,ZBTB47,THRB,PKIAandMITFalso had poor prognosis. A subnetwork was then constructed to demonstrate the key genes regulated by aberrantly expressed lncRNAs at the posttranscriptional level via the ceRNA network. Aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in osteosarcoma tissues regulate genes involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis and the cell cycle via the ceRNA network.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: A novel, bioactive and
antibacterial scaffold based on functionalized graphene oxide with lignin, silk fibroin and
ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Eivazzadeh-Keihan Reza , Zare-Bakheir Ensiye , Aliabadi Hooman Aghamirza Moghim , Gorab Mostafa Ghafori , Ghafuri Hossein , Maleki Ali , Madanchi Hamid , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this study, a novel nanobiocomposite was synthesized using graphene
oxide, lignin, silk fibroin and ZnO and used in biological fields. To synthesize this
structure, after preparing graphene oxide by the Hummer method, lignin, silk fibroin,
and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were added to it, respectively. Also, ZnO NPs with a
particle size of about 18 nm to 33 nm was synthesized via Camellia sinensis extract by green methodology. The synthesized structure
was examined as anti-biofilm agent and it was observed that the Graphene
oxide-lignin/silk fibroin/ZnO nanobiocomposite has a significant ability to prevent the
formation of P. aeruginosa biofilm. In addition, due
to the importance of the possibility of using this structure in biological environments,
its toxicity and blood compatibility were also evaluated. According to the obtained
results from MTT assay, the viability percentages of Hu02 cells treated with Graphene
oxide-lignin/silk fibroin/ZnO nanobiocomposite after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation were
89.96%, 89.32%, and 91.28%. On the other hand, the hemolysis percentage of the
synthesized structure after 24 h and 72 h of extraction was 9.5% and 11.76%
respectively. As a result, the synthesized structure has a hemolysis percentage below
12% and its toxicity effect on Hu02 cells is below 9%.
Evidence against the “anomalous-is-bad” stereotype in Hadza hunter gatherers
Authors: Workman Clifford I. , Smith Kristopher M. , Apicella Coren L. , Chatterjee Anjan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPeople have an “anomalous-is-bad” stereotype whereby they make negative inferences about the moral character of people with craniofacial anomalies like scars. This stereotype is hypothesized to be a byproduct of adaptations for avoiding pathogens. However, evidence for the anomalous-is-bad stereotype comes from studies of European and North American populations; the byproduct hypothesis would predict universality of the stereotype. We presented 123 Hadza across ten camps pairs of morphed Hadza faces—each with one face altered to include a scar—and asked who they expected to be more moral and a better forager. Hadza with minimal exposure to other cultures chose at chance for both questions. Hadza with greater exposure to other cultures, however, expected the scarred face to be less moral and a better forager. These results suggest the anomalous-is-bad stereotype may be culturally shared or learned erroneously through associations with population-level differences, providing evidence against a universal pathogen avoidance byproduct hypothesis.
Surrogate models provide new insights on metrics based on blood flow for the assessment of left ventricular function
Authors: Collia Dario , Libero Giulia , Pedrizzetti Gianni , Ciriello Valentina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractRecent developments on the grading of cardiac pathologies suggest flow-related metrics for a deeper evaluation of cardiac function. Blood flow evaluation employs space-time resolved cardiovascular imaging tools, possibly integrated with direct numerical simulation (DNS) of intraventricular fluid dynamics in individual patients. If a patient-specific analysis is a promising method to reproduce flow details or to assist virtual therapeutic solutions, it becomes impracticable in nearly-real-time during a routine clinical activity. At the same time, the need to determine the existence of relationships between advanced flow-related quantities of interest (QoIs) and the diagnostic metrics used in the standard clinical practice requires the adoption of techniques able to generalize evidences emerging from a finite number of single cases. In this study, we focus on the left ventricular function and use a class of reduced-order models, relying on the Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) technique to learn the dynamics of selected QoIs based on a set of synthetic cases analyzed with a high-fidelity model (DNS). The selected QoIs describe the left ventricle blood transit and the kinetic energy and vorticity at the peak of diastolic filling. The PCE-based surrogate models provide straightforward approximations of these QoIs in the space of widely used diagnostic metrics embedding relevant information on left ventricle geometry and function. These surrogates are directly employable in the clinical analysis as we demonstrate by assessing their robustness against independent patient-specific cases ranging from healthy to diseased conditions. The surrogate models are used to perform global sensitivity analysis at a negligible computational cost and provide insights on the impact of each diagnostic metric on the QoIs. Results also suggest how common flow transit parameters are principally dictated by ejection fraction.
Sub-second temporal magnetic field microscopy using quantum defects in diamond
Authors: Parashar Madhur , Bathla Anuj , Shishir Dasika , Gokhale Alok , Bandyopadhyay Sharba , Saha Kasturi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWide field-of-view magnetic field microscopy has been realised by probing shifts in optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectrum of Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) defect centers in diamond. However, these widefield diamond NV magnetometers require few to several minutes of acquisition to get a single magnetic field image, rendering the technique temporally static in it’s current form. This limitation prevents application of diamond NV magnetometers to novel imaging of dynamically varying microscale magnetic field processes. Here, we show that the magnetic field imaging frame rate can be significantly enhanced by performing lock-in detection of NV photo-luminescence (PL), simultaneously over multiple pixels of a lock-in camera. A detailed protocol for synchronization of frequency modulated PL of NV centers with fast camera frame demodulation, at few kilohertz frequencies, has been experimentally demonstrated. This experimental technique allows magnetic field imaging of sub-second varying microscale currents in planar microcoils with imaging frame rates in the range of 50–200 frames per s (fps). Our work demonstrates that widefield per-pixel lock-in detection of frequency modulated NV ODMR enables dynamic magnetic field microscopy.
Economic appraisal of using genetics to control Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia under cage and pond farming system in Malaysia
Authors: Delphino Marina , Joshi Rajesh , Alvarez Alejandro Tola 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDisease outbreaks have been seen as the major threat to sustainable aquaculture worldwide. Injectable vaccines have been one of the few strategies available to control the diseases, however, the adoption of this technology globally is limited. Genetic selection for disease resistance has been proposed as the alternative strategy in livestock and aquaculture. Economic analysis for such strategies is lacking and this study assesses the economic worth of using tilapia fingerlings resistant to Streptococcosis in both cage and pond production systems. The paper also assesses the profitability of paying the higher price for such fingerlings. Partial-budgeting was used to develop a stochastic simulation model that considers the benefits and costs associated with the adoption of tilapia fingerlings resistant to Streptococcosis at the farm level, in one production cycle. In both ponds and cage production systems, the use of genetically selected Streptococcus resistant tilapia fingerlings was found to be profitable where Streptococcus infection is prevalent. In the cages and ponds where Streptococcus related mortality was ≥ 10%, the Nile tilapia aquaculture was found to be profitable even if the amount paid for genetically selected Streptococcus resistant tilapia fingerlings was 100% higher than the amount paid for standard fingerlings.
Detection of 13C labeling of glutamate and glutamine in human brain by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: An Li , Li Shizhe , Ferraris Araneta Maria , Johnson Christopher S. , Shen Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technique was used to measure 13C enrichments of glutamate and glutamine in a 3.5 × 1.8 × 2 cm3 voxel placed in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex of five healthy participants after oral administration of [U-13C]glucose. Strong pseudo singlets of glutamate and glutamine were induced to enhance the signal strength of glutamate and glutamine. This study demonstrated that 13C labeling of glutamate and glutamine can be measured with the high sensitivity and spatial resolution of 1H MRS using a proton-only MRS technique with standard commercial hardware. Furthermore, it is feasible to measure 13C labeling of glutamate and glutamine in limbic structures, which play major roles in behavioral and emotional responses and whose abnormalities are involved in many neuropsychiatric disorders.