bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfonylurea is associated with higher risks of ventricular arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death compared to metformin: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Tse Gary , Lee Teddy Tai Loy , Hui Jeremy Man Ho , Lee Yan Hiu Athena , Satti Danish Iltaf , Shum Yuki Ka Ling , Tang Pias Hoi Kiu , Wai Abraham Ka Chung , Liu Tong , Wong Wing Tak , Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai , Cheung Bernard Man Yung , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Cheng Shuk Han 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Commonly prescribed diabetic medications such as metformin and sulfonylurea may be associated with different arrhythmogenic risks. This study compared the risk of ventricular arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death (VA/SCD) between metformin and sulfonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Patients aged 40 years or older who were diagnosed with type-2 diabetes mellitus or prescribed anti-diabetic agents in Hong Kong between 1st January 2009 and 31st December 2009 were included and followed up till 31st December 2019. Patients prescribed with both metformin and sulfonylurea or had prior myocardial infarction were excluded. The study outcome was a composite of VA/SCD. Metformin users and sulfonylurea users were matched at a 1:1 ratio by propensity score matching. Results: The study cohort consisted of 5756 metformin users (48.00% male, age 68±11 years, mean follow-up 5.04±2.57 years) and 5756 sulfonylurea users (50.30% male, age 69±11 years, mean follow-up 5.04±2.54 years). Sulfonylurea was associated with higher risk of VA/SCD than metformin (hazard ratio 1.84 [1.56 - 2.16], p<0.001). Such difference was consistently observed in subgroup analyses stratifying for insulin usage or known coronary heart disease. Conclusion: Sulfonylurea use is associated with higher risk of VA/SCD than metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Additive Effect of Aortic Regurgitation Degree on Left Ventricular Strain in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Evaluated Via Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Tissue Tracking
Authors: Shen Li-ting , Jiang Li , Zhu Ya-wen , Shen Meng-ting , Huang Shan , Shi Rui , Li Yuan , Yang Zhi-gang 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes left ventricular (LV) remodeling and increases the risk of aortic regurgitation (AR), which causes further heart damage. This study aimed to investigate whether AR aggravates LV deformation dysfunction and to identify independent factors affecting the global peak strain (PS) of LV remodeling in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who presented with AR and those without T2DM. Methods: In total, 215 patients with T2DM and 83 age- and sex-matched healthy controls who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance examination were included. Based on the echocardiogram findings, T2DM patients with AR were divided into three groups (mild AR [n = 28], moderate AR [n = 21], and severe AR [n = 17]). LV function and global strain parameters were compared, and multivariate analysis was performed to identify the independent indicators of LV PS. Results: The T2DM patients with AR had a lower LV global PS, peak systolic strain rate (PSSR), and peak diastolic strain rate (PDSR) in three directions than those without AR and non-T2DM controls. Patients without AR had a lower PS (radial and longitudinal) and PDSR in three directions and higher PSSR (radial and longitudinal) than healthy controls. Further, regurgitation degree was an independent factor of LV global radial, circumferential, and longitudinal PS. Conclusion: AR may aggravate LV stiffness in patients with T2DM, resulting in lower LV strain and function. Regurgitation degree and sex were independently correlated with LV global PS in patients with T2DM and AR.
A novel flame retardant material for fabricated cotton and its mixture with polyester (50/50)
Authors: abdelmoaty alaa , Hanna Adly Abdalla , Amr Ahmed , Abou-Okeil Ashraf 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cotton fibers found large applications especially in the woven and non-woven industrials. The cotton fibers exhibit good properties but it have main drawback because it is easy and rapid flammable. To overcome on this drawback, several works were done. These works focused on the properties of fibers or treated with flame retardant materials. The present work aimed to study the flammability of fibers in presence of flame retardant materials. A novel flame retardant material was prepared by using simple method. The produced sample contains the Ammonium poly phosphate (APP), montmorillonite (Mt) and Melamine (M). The prepared samples were characterized by using Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Also, the flammability of the treated samples was done by using the limiting oxygen index (LOI). The results of characterization indicated that the flame retardant formula was incorporated into the fibers as shown SEM. The mechanism of the incorporation was discussed, the flammability results show that the values for LOI increases from 19.2 for 100%cotton to 26.2 for treated samples.
Major complications of caudal block: a prospective survey of 973 cases in adult anorectal surgery
Authors: Kang Xianhui , Xie Liwei , Bao Xiuxia , Wang Mi , Zhu Yeke , Fang Fuquan , Bao Fangping , Zhu Shengmei 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: We conducted a prospective study of surgical inpatients at a teaching hospital to assess the incidence and potential risk factors for major complications of caudal anesthesia in anorectal surgery.Methods: A total of 973 patients undergoing anorectal surgery under caudal block were included in this prospective, observer-blinded trial after providing consent. Demographic information, detailed perioperative information, anesthesia-related complications and postoperative follow-up information were recorded. Meanwhile, the incidence and risk factors for major caudal anesthesia-related complications were analyzed.Results: A total of 973 patients underwent caudal block. The effective rate was 95.38% (928 cases). However, there were still 38 (3.91%) cases with insufficient block and 7 (0.72%) cases with no block. The major anesthesia-related complications were local anesthetic systemic toxicity (9, 0.92%), cauda equine syndrome (1, 0.10%), transient neurological symptoms (3, 0.31%) and localized pain at the caudal insertion site (30, 3.08%). The identified risk factor for local anesthetic systemic toxicity was multiple attempts locating the caudal space (OR= 5.30; 1.21-23.29). The identified risk factor for localized pain at the caudal insertion site was multiple attempts locating the caudal space (OR= 10.57; 4.89-22.86).Conclusion: The main complications of caudal block are transient neurological symptoms, cauda equine syndrome, serious local anesthetic systemic toxicity and localized pain at the caudal insertion site. Localized pain at the caudal insertion site is an easily overlooked complication. Multiple punctures during the block procedure was an independent influencing factor for both local anesthetic systemic toxicity and localized pain at the caudal insertion site. It is worth avoiding multiple attempts to locate the caudal space. Caudal block is still a safe and reliable method for anesthesia in adult anorectal surgery.
Kinematics and Trajectory Planning Analysis Based On Hybrid Optimization Algorithms for an Industrial Robotic Manipulators
Authors: D Gurjeet Singh , Banga Vijay Kumar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
In industrial applications and automation, the robotic manipulators exhibit a significant role. Several complex robotic systems performed a number of industrial works named spray painting, welding, assembly, pick and place action etc. The end-effector's position and the joint angles are plays a vital role since any task is activated inside the pre-defined robotic manipulator's work space. Also, the problem of trajectory planning is a very challenging task in the robotic fields. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a kinematics analysis and trajectory planning of an Industrial robotic manipulators (IRMs) based on the hybrid optimization algorithms. Here, three IRMs such as PUMA 560 (6 DOF), KUKA LBR iiwa 14 R820 (7DOF) and ABB IRB 140 (6DOF) are considered. For each robot, the forward and the inverse kinematics (IK) are analyzed and also the trajectory planning of each robot is discussed using the hybrid optimization algorithms. In this work, 18 optimization algorithms such as PSO (particle swarm optimization), SSO (social spider optimization), DFO (dragonfly optimization), BOA (butterfly optimization), CSA (crow search algorithm), BSA (bird swarm algorithm), SHO (selfish herd optimization), KHO (krill herd optimization), ALO (antlion optimization), ACO (ant colony optimization), GWO (Grey wolf optimization), GOA (grasshopper optimization), SBO (satin bowerbird optimizer), WCO (world cup optimization), COA (cuckoo optimization algorithm), CFA (cuttlefish algorithm), SOA (seagull optimization algorithm), and TSA (tunicate swarm algorithm) are utilized for both forward and inverse kinematic analysis and the trajectory planning problem. For the PUMA 560, KUKA LBR iiwa 14 R820, and ABB IRB 140 IRMs, forward kinematics (FK) are solved by the hybrid combination of PSO-SSO, SHO-KHO, and SBO-WCO individually. Also the IK are solved by the DFO-BOA, ALO-ACO and COA-CFA for each IRMs. The trajectory planning problem is solved by the CSA-BSA, GWO-GOA and SOA-TSA for each robot individually. These optimization techniques gives number of solution for kinematics and trajectory problem but it converses the best solution for the minimum multi-objective function value. The advantages of these hybrid algorithm are shorter computation time, and fewer iterations. The kinematics and trajectory analysis of each IRM is simulated using robotic tool box in MATLAB with GUI interface. For each IRM, optimized position values of the end effector, joint angles and the best optimal path are computed with minimum objective function. Finally, the performance of each robot is compared to the existing robotic works.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Young Adults in Canada
Authors: Santavicca Tara , Ngov Cindy , Frounfelker Rochelle , Miconi Diana , Levinsson Anna , Rousseau Cécile 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Objectives: Vaccine hesitancy is a multifaceted decision process that encompasses various factors for which an individual may choose to get vaccinated or not. We aimed to identify the relationship between COVID-19 conspiracy theories, general attitudes towards vaccines, current COVID-19 vaccine factors and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Methods: The present research is a multi-province cross-sectional study design. Survey data was collected in May and June 2021 (n=4905) in the Canadian provinces of Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec. Multivariate ordinal regression models were used to assess the association between vaccine hesitant profiles and COVID-19 conspiracy theories, general attitudes towards vaccines, and specific factors pertaining to COVID-19 vaccines. Results: Participants were aged 18 to 40 years and 59% were women. Individuals with low income, low educational attainment, and/or who are unemployed were more likely to be vaccine hesitant. COVID-19 conspiracy theory beliefs and general attitudes towards vaccines are significantly associated with greater hesitancy for the COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine factors including pro-vaccine actions and opinions of friends and family and trust in scientists and government are associated with less vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion: Conspiracy theories are distinct from criticism and concerns regarding the vaccine. Nevertheless, poverty, low level of education and distrust are associated with higher odds of being vaccine hesitant . Results suggest it is imperative to deliver transparent and nuanced health communications to address legitimate distrust towards political and scientific actors and address the societal gap regarding general attitudes towards vaccines as opposed to focusing solely on COVID-19.
A Generalized Model for Including Equity in the Siting of Emergency Services
Authors: Newton Robert A. , Kumara Soundar , Ventura José A. , Griffin Paul M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We propose a method to identify inequity in access to emergency services using logistic regression and present a model to address inequity by siting additional facilities, recommending both quantity and location. We classify emergencies by the median income bracket of their Zip code tabulation areas. We use logisitic regression to determine whether the probability of emergency responses classified by income bracket are within the average response, defined by time or distance, and quantify overall equity using mean absolute deviation. To address inequity, we iterate a bounded maximal covering location problem over coverage distance and additional facilities to provide a set of possible solutions. We evaluate the mean absolute deviation of each solution and identify the tradeoff of adding facilities and minimizing deviation.We use 2019 data from the United States Internal Revenue Service and San Francisco Fire Department as an example case for our model. In this example, we find the distribution of emergency rooms leave the low income population of San Francisco significantly underserviced and recommend to decision makers additional locations that reduce the average distance to an emergency room while minimizing mean absolute deviation—providing more equitable access to emergency rooms across income groups in San Francisco.
Shortwave infrared detection of medical radioisotope Cerenkov luminescence
Authors: Grimm Jan , Larney Benedict Mc , Zhang Qize , Pratt Edwin , Skubal Magdalena , Isaac Elizabeth , Hsu Hsiao-Ting , Ogirala Anuja 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Cerenkov luminescence (CL) is produced by medical radioisotopes when charged (commonly beta (β+/-)) particles travel faster than light in a dielectric medium (tissue). This blue-weighted luminescence is both continuous and proportional to the reciprocal wavelength. CL imaging (CLI) promises an economical alternative to PET but is limited by the optical properties of tissue and special setup requirements. CL has been detected in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectrum (900 – 1700 nm) from linear accelerators operating in the MeV range but so far not from medical radioisotopes. This work is the first to show that the order of magnitude weaker SWIR CL from medical radioisotopes predicted by the Frank-Tamm equation can also be detected, using commercially available SWIR components. SWIR CL was detected from five clincial radioisotopes: 90Y, 68Ga, 18F, 89Zr, 131I and from 32P, used in biomedical research. The advantage of radioisotope SWIR CLI over conventional CLI is shown in terms of significantly increased light penetration and reduced scattering at tissue depth, in line with the known advantages of SWIR imaging. We report the radioisotope SWIR spectrum, the current detection sensitivity limit (0.23 µCi/µl of 68Ga) and determine the feasibility of SWIR CLI with ex vivo and in vivo preclinical examples. Further improvements in SWIR optics and technology are required to enable widespread adoption.
Agroforestry as a Pathway to Climate-Smart Agribusiness: Challenges and Opportunities to Smallholder Farmers in Developing Countries
Authors: Kassa Getahun 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Agroforestry systems have been increasingly important in recent years as they have provided smallholder farmers with new commercial options and ecosystem-based adaption solutions. While being an eco-friendly practice has gained agroforestry systems popularity as a climate-smart agriculture practice, exploiting their investment potential requires understanding their key features as a climate-smart business. The purpose of this review is to increase smallholder incentives from adding climate-smart value to agroforestry in developing countries. The review assesses the challenges and opportunities of agroforestry as a climate-smart practice with the intent to guide investors, development practitioners, and researchers to foster economically, socially, and ecologically viable climate-smart agribusiness. Based on the review, the finding reveals market failure, delayed return on investment, insecure tenure, and lack of institutional support as the challenges hindering agroforestry business. On the other hand, availability of green finance, growing public-private partnerships, environmentally friendly preferences, growing demand for food and sustainable fuelwood, and agritourism are identified as opportunities to scale-up agroforestry as a climate-smart business. Ultimately, by creating a productive, resilient, and low-emission land-use for smallholder farmers, agroforestry systems can be an effective and efficient pathway towards climate-smart agribusiness and to the achievement of the Global Goal of Sustainable Development.
Universe: the dynamics of the minimum and maximum expansion states (Time: the collateral dimension)
Authors: Petrakis Sócrates Georges 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Two hypotheses stand out in describing the evolution of the Universe. The predominant one predicts that the current expansion began at a certain instant and will not preserve any variation of energy that performs work; apparent flat Universe (Ω=1) is advocated by relativistic calculations and observational data, with an end or thermal death at its maximum expansion (3D Space). The other hypothesis considers that the Universe is cyclical (always alternating phases of expansion and contraction). This proposal aims to demonstrate that both hypotheses can be correct by not being distinct, but complementary. Supported by the immutability of physical laws, analyses of concepts define an exclusive presence of 1D Space in static states of minimum and maximum expansion of the Universe. With our 3D Space Universe created and existing between these extreme states, the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric, despite its general effectiveness, becomes inadequate for analysis; therefore, the concept of absolute rest energy (1D Space) is applied, demonstrating that the complete evolution of the Universe is spatially dynamic in a perpetual time dimension, always recreating our universe, and making possible a relative maintenance of any existence.
Plataforma Google Trends®: Análise do Interesse de Brasileiros na Área de Estética Dentária e Saúde Bucal
Authors: Capellari Bianca de Almeida , Souza Fábio Silveira de , Ribeiro Rhillari Kimberlli da Costa , Carneiro Marina , Cristina Da Silva Modena Karin , Pegoraro Thiago Amadei , Santiago Junior Joel Ferreira 
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Pesquisas em canais digitais sobre o interesse de brasileiros em diferentes áreas da saúde bucal e estética dentária são relevantes. Objetivo: Este estudo usou a plataforma de busca Google Trends® (GT) a fim de realizar uma revisão para análise sobre dez tópicos importantes para a Odontologia no Brasil. Métodos: A busca foi organizada com palavras chaves relacionadas a estética dentária/facial (A) e saúde bucal (B). Os tópicos foram pesquisados individualmente por meio do índice de volume de pesquisa (IVP). Os dados quantitativos foram submetidos a teste de normalidade e adotado índice de significância de 0.05. Resultados: Os principais resultados indicaram que, no grupo A, clareamento dentário é o termo mais analisado, apresentando diferença significativa na comparação com os demais termos: lente de contato dental, faceta dental, harmonização facial e preenchimento labial, p<0,05. Para o grupo B: saúde bucal e herpes oral foram os termos mais avaliados, não apresentando diferença significativa entre si, p>0,05. Destacou-se que houve um maior IVP para unitermos relacionados a estética dentária/face nos últimos anos (2016-2019), p<0,05, todavia o Grupo B demonstrou menor variação (IVP) no mesmo período. Conclusão: Houve um aumento expressivo no uso de unitermos relacionados ao Grupo A nos últimos anos na plataforma GT e uma tendência de manutenção para os unitermos de saúde bucal. Torna-se importante que políticas de ensino em Odontologia contemplem o interesse da comunidade e valorizem a transmissão e conscientização de informações corretas em Odontologia para o desenvolvimento de uma boa prática de atendimento clínico na comunidade.
Traumatismo Dento-Alveolar: Lesões aos Tecidos de Sustentação (Luxações)
Authors: Silva Erika Thaís Cruz da , Vasconcelos Marcelo Gadelha , Vasconcelos Rodrigo Gadelha 
Published: February 2022

Introdução: As lesões aos tecidos de sustentação dentários (luxações) abrangem um grupo de diversas lesões onde o dente é descolado de sua posição original após um acidente traumático. Essas lesões são subclassificadas em: concussão, subluxação, luxação extrusiva, luxação lateral, intrusão e avulsão. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca das lesões aos tecidos de sustentação dentários (luxações) abordando aspectos etiológicos, características clínicas e formas de tratamento para cada tipo de lesão. Métodos: Realizou-se uma busca bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed/ Medline, Scielo e Google acadêmico, tendo como filtro publicações dos últimos 10 anos. A busca foi realizada com descritores previamente selecionados. A pesquisa ocorreu em 3 fases e os artigos foram incluídos obedecendo aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: As luxações representam um subgrupo da classificação dos traumatismos dento-alveolar que afetam os tecidos de sustentação dos dentes. De maneira geral, os seguintes tecidos são afetados após uma lesão por luxação: ligamento periodontal ao redor do dente, cavidade óssea alveolar e sistema vascular e nervoso do dente. Podem variar desde uma simples lesão aos tecidos periodontais (concussão) até o completo esmagamento das fibras do ligamento periodontal e do feixe vasculonervoso (intrusão). Conclusão: Essas lesões normalmente requerem uma atenção especial, principalmente no que refere-se aos tecidos periodontais e pulpares, tendo em vista que diversas complicações pós acidente traumático podem ocorrer. Portanto, é importante que o profissional realize um adequado diagnóstico para que o tratamento seja efetivo.
Violência Autoinfligida na Ótica da Equipe de um Programa de Transtornos Alimentares
Authors: Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba , Martins Ronald Jefferson , Belila Naiana de Melo , Saliba Tânia Adas , Garbin Artênio José Ísper 
Published: February 2022

Introdução: A autopunição é aquela que ocorre quando uma pessoa pratica uma ação consciente de autodestruição (violência autoinfligida) e pode ser subdividida em comportamento suicida e em autoagressão. Objetivo: Verificou-se a violência autoinfligida na fala da equipe de saúde de pacientes com anorexia e bulimia nervosa do Programa de Transtornos Alimentares do Ambulatório de Saúde Mental de uma Instituição Pública de Ensino. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com médicos, psicólogos e cirurgião-dentista (n=9), pertencentes à equipe de saúde do programa. O grupo focal teve a participação de um moderador, observador e a equipe de saúde, empregando-se um roteiro com questões norteadoras. Os discursos foram gravados, transcritos e os conteúdos textuais processados no software IRAMUTEQ e analisados pela técnica da Nuvem de Palavras e Análise de Similitude. Resultados: Foram observadas 2.541 ocorrências de palavras, sendo 264 formas distintas. As palavras que obtiveram frequência relativa no corpus textual na primeira técnica foram: suicídio, não, muito, mutilar e burlar; e na segunda, o leque semântico central de palavras foi: muito, não, suicídio, mutilar e burlar. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a violência autoinfligida mostra-se muito presente entre mulheres com anorexia e bulimia nervosa.