bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Soil Water Regime and Nitrogen Form on Blossom-end Rot, Yield, Water Relations, and Elemental Composition of Tomato1
Authors: Pill W. G. , Lambeth V. N. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Decreasing soil water potential (minima of −0.3, −2.0 and −6.0 bars) reduced fruit number, set, and mean and total fruit weight of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Under the 2 wettest soil water regimes, NH4-N compared to NO3-N fertilization reduced total and mean fruit weights but increased fruit number whereas no differences in these variables were found between N-forms under the driest regime. Incidence and severity of blossom-end rot (BER) were increased by NH4 nutrition and by decreasing soil water potential (SWP). Decreasing SWP either had no effect or increased leaf Ca, Mg, and K concentrations but decreased fruit concentration of these ions. At any soil water regime, NH4 fertilization decreased leaf Ca and Mg concentration but generally increased leaf K and fruit Ca, Mg, and K concentrations. While BER incidence and severity did not appear to be related to fruit Ca, Mg, and K concentration, the disorder was associated with increased stylar to calyx fruit-half concentration ratios of these ions. Basal (pre-dawn) leaf xylem pressure potential (ψp) was unaffected by N nutrition but was greater (less negative) under the wettest regime. Compared to plants supplied with NO3-N whose minimal and mean light-saturation ψp values decreased with decreasing SWP, plants given NH4-N reached a constant ψp level regardless of soil water regime. Since leaf diffusive resistance (RL) values increased with decreasing SWP, but were unaffected by N form, the lower transpiration and transpiration rates under NH4-N might be explained by increased non-leaf resistances to water flux and/or by reduced soil-plant water potential gradients.
Respiratory Rate, Ethylene Production, and Ripening Response of Avocado Fruit to Ethylene or Propylene following Harvest at Different Maturities1
Authors: Eaks Irving L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The respiratory rate, ethylene production and softening of untreated and treated (propylene or ethylene) avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill, cv Hass) were determined during growth and maturation using fruit harvested monthly from August to July. Untreated immature fruit harvested in August exhibited a climacteric, produced ethylene and softened after 18, 21 and 18.5 days, respectively. Treatment of these immature fruit for 1 to 3 days beginning 1 day after harvest stimulated respiration during the treatment, but the respiratory rate decreased to the level of the untreated fruit within 1 day after the treatment was terminated and they subsequently paralleled the response of the untreated fruit. Ethylene production was not induced by the treatment in immature fruit, but was in mature fruit. The climacteric peak rate and the peak rate of ethylene production increased as the fruit matured. The days to the climacteric peak and days to soften decreased as the season progressed. The ethylene or propylene treated fruit had a progressively shorter time to the climacteric and to softening as they matured compared to the untreated fruit.
Evaluation of Fall Treatment with Broadspectrum Chemicals and Nematicides for Production of Pepper, Tomato, and Cabbage Transplants in Southern Georgia1
Authors: Jaworski C. A. , Phatak S. C. , McCarter S. M. , Johnson A. W. , Glaze N. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The broadspectrum soil fumigants methyl bromide-chloropicrin (67-33%) gas mixture at 392 kg/ha, methyl bromide-chloropicrin (67-31%) gel at 246 kg/ha, DD-MENCS at 187 and 327 liters/ha, metham at 748 liters/ha, and the nematicides, phenamiphos at 9 kg/ha and ethylene dibromide (85%) at 56 liters/ha, were evaluated for soil pest control in vegetable transplant production. Methyl bromide-chloropicrin gas mixture and the 2 rates of DD-MENCS increased marketable transplant yields of pepper (Capsium annuum L.), tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group) by 1,235%, 118%, and 29%, respectively, over that of the nontreated. These treatments also increased the fresh weights of plants, reduced populations of Pythium spp., Fusarium spp., plant parasitic nematodes, and weeds. Metham and methyl bromidechloropicrin gel were generally less effective than methyl bromide-chloropicrin gas or DD-MENCS. Neither phenamiphos nor ethylene dibromide reduced root-galls on tomato below detectable levels nor improved the marketable yield of the 3 crops. Fall fumigation provided several advantages over spring fumigation.
Inheritance of Maturity, Head Weight, Non-wrapper Leaf Weight, and Stalk Weight in Cabbage1
Authors: Summers W. L. , Honma S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A comparison of inheritance patterns and heritability estimates from a NCII crossing model which included green and red cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. (Capitata group) indicated differences between green × green and red × green crosses. Green × green crosses exhibit dominance for early maturity, large head weight, small non-wrapper leaf weight and small stalk weight while red × green crosses exhibit the opposite dominance pattern.
Electrostatic Application of Low-volume Microbial Insecticide Spray on Broccoli Plants1
Authors: Law S. Edward , Mills Harry A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Use of electrostatic spray deposition for the control of insect infestation in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica group) resulted in equal or greater control in comparison to conventional methods, and utilized ½ to 1/3 the quantity of insecticide with an 8-fold reduction in application volume. Laboratory tests documented a 1.86-fold improvement in the quantity of spray tracer deposited electrostatically onto broccoli plants as compared with conventional application.
Influence of Watering Methods and Ancymidol on Two Tropical Foliage Species Held in a Simulated Interior Environment1
Authors: Blessington T. M. , Srithavaj A. A. , Singletary C. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Epipremnum aureum (Linden & Andre) and Pilea depressa (Swartz) Blume were grown under different watering methods (a capillary mat and controlled volume of 250 ml/15 cm pot twice a week) and treated with the growth retardant alpha-cyclopropyl-alpha-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol) as a soil drench at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg/15 cm pot and later held for 6 weeks in a simulated interior environment (SIE) with a controlled temperature of 18 ± 1°C and light intensity of 1080 lux. Ancymidol treatments retarded internode length and stem length of E. aureum regardless of watering methods. Fresh weight was not influenced by ancymidol but was affected by type of watering. Ancymidol retarded internode length and stem length of P. depressa and reduced fresh weight regardless of watering methods.
Effects of Soil Fumigation, Rotation, and Nitrogen on Yield, Petiole NO3-N, and Verticillium Wilt of Potatoes1
Authors: O’Sullivan John , Reyes Andres A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The effects of soil fumigation with Telone C-17 on yield, petiole NO3-N levels and verticillium wilt (incited by Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berth and V. dahliae Kleb.) of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown continuously and in a 2-year rotation with corn since 1972 at 8 rates of nitrogen were studied in 1978 and 1979. Soil fumigation resulted in significant yield increases where potatoes were grown continuously. Potatoes grown in rotation responded to fumigation only in 1979. Continuous culture of potatoes resulted in reduced yields in both years. Nitrate-N levels were substantially lower in petioles from fumigated plots than in non-fumigated plots. Yield responses from fumigation and rotation were the result of reduced severity of verticillium wilt infestation. Soil fumigation and rotation had equal effects on yield and verticillium wilt, particularly in 1979.
Inheritance of Resistance to Race 2 Anthracnose in Watermelon1
Authors: Suvanprakorn Kamolvan , Norton J. D. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Inheritance of resistance to Colletotrichum lagenarium (Pass.) Ell. & Halst. race 2 in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai) was determined in progeny from crosses between resistant plant introductions (PIs) 189225, 271778, and 326515 and susceptible cultivars ‘Charleston Gray’, ‘Jubilee’, ‘Crimson Sweet’ and AWB-10 advanced line. Parents and progenies were screened for resistance in field and greenhouse plantings. Resistance of F1 plants indicated resistance was dominant. The F2 plants segregated 3 resistant: 1 susceptible. The backcross of the F1 to the susceptible parent segregated 1:1. Resistance in all Pis tested was controlled by a single dominate gene pair.
Thrips Mortality and Strawberry Quality after Vacuum Fumigation with Acetaldehyde or Ethyl Formate1,2
Authors: Aharoni Yair , Stewart Joseph K. , Guadagni Dan G. , Mon Thomas R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Vacuum fumigation at 560 mm Hg for 3 hr with acetaldehyde (Aa) at 1.75% in 70% CO2 killed 100% of western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), on strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). However, the Aa treated berries were generally detectable in taste tests during the ensuing 3 days. Some panelists could distinguish the different taste of the treated strawberries from control samples even after 7 days. Ethyl formate (EF) in concentrations as low as 0.5% for 1 hr at 30 mm Hg pressure killed 100% of the thrips. EF fumigation affected neither taste nor odor of the berries during a subsequent 9 days of storage at 1°C. Fumigation with Aa in 70% CO2 decreased berry decay by 69%, but EF had no effect on decay. The concentration of EF, which was determined on the day of treatment and during the ensuing 4 days, was 0.2 ppm or lower in the treated strawberries. This concentration did not differ significantly from that in the controls and is at least 100 times less than the odor threshold concentration for EF.
Pine Vole Control with Anticoagulant Baits in Apple Orchards1
Authors: Byers R. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Commercially formulated baits of 3-[3-4’-bromo[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl) l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (brodifacoum, BFC, Volak), 2-[(p-chlorophenyl) phenylacetyl]-1,3-indandione (chlorophacinone, CPN, Rozol), and 2-diphenylacetyl-1,2-indandione (diphacinone, DPN, Ramik-Brown) hand placed at 5.6 kg/ha (5 lb./acre), 11.2 kg/ha (10 lb./acre), and 11.2 kg/ha (10 lb./acre), respectively, were effective pine vole control agents. Hand-placed baits were more effective under adverse weather conditions than broadcast baits. Cellophane packaged BFC bait placed under site covers gave excellent control and greatly protected bait from soil moisture and spoilage. Broadcast treatments of anticoagulant baits gave good control at the following rates: 1 application of BFC at 16.8 kg/ha (15 lb./acre), 3-[3-(4’-bromo [1,1’-biphenyl]-4-y)-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (bromodialone, BDL, Maki) at 16.8 kg/ha (15 lb./acre), and 1 application CPN at 22.4 kg/ha (20 lb./acre), or 2 applications of DPN at 22.4 kg/ha (20 lb./acre) each.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Puree from Once-over Harvested Strawberries1
Authors: Spayd S. E. , Morris J. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fruits of ‘Cardinal’ and A-5344 strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) were once-over harvested and sorted into 5 maturity categories: immature green, mature green, inception, firm ripe, and processing ripe. Purees of each maturity were characterized for their potential contribution to the quality of puree obtained from a once-over strawberry harvest. As the berry matured, weight, percent soluble solids, ascorbic acid, and water-soluble pectins increased. Total solids, acidity, total phenols, puree viscosity, cellulose, protopectin, peroxidase activity (PO), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity decreased with increasing fruit maturity. Presence of chlorophyll, lack of anthocyanins, higher total phenols, and PO and PPO activity found in the green fruits could be potentially detrimental to puree quality. Higher puree viscosity which resulted from higher cellulose and protopectin levels and lower water-soluble pectins in the green berries would be beneficial to strawberry puree quality.
Axillary Meristem Development in Mammillaria elongata DC (Cactaceae)1
Authors: Johnson J. L. , Emino E. R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Axillary meristems of Mammillaria elongata DC were studied with a scanning electron microscope using fresh tissue to determine their degree of development and suitability as explants in tissue culture investigations. Meristems were excised at regular intervals along the stem. The axillary meristem reached maximum size about 10 cm and maximum development about 15 cm below the stem tip. Axillary meristems closer to the base of the stem were less developed. In fully developed meristems, leaf primordia were initiated in a spiral acropetal sequence at the margins of the apical dome, resulting in a phyllotaxis of 8 + 13 contact parastichies of tubercles on the developed stem. Enlarged leaf primordia were 1- or 3-lobed and about 75 μm in length. No flower initiation or lateral branch development was observed; however, a corky region, the result of aborted or senesced flowers, was observed in several axils. Variability in development or absence of axillary meristems in several axils make M. elongata axillary meristems unsuitable for critical studies on factors influencing organogenesis in tissue culture.
Accounting for Increases in the Harvest Index of Sweet Corn following Early Leaf Clipping1
Authors: Crockett Ron P. , Crookston R. Kent 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Increases in the harvest index of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) following clipping of early leaves were found to be the result of a reduction in plant stover, and not an increase in ear fresh weight. All stover components were reduced, but tillers were most affected. Early clipping reduced leaf area, but had no effect on percent stalk-stored soluble solids. Examination of stem apices following clipping suggested that the greater reduction in stover compared to ears was due to a longer interruption in vegetative growth than in reproductive development.
Morphological Changes during Lettuce Seed Priming and Subsequent Radicle Development1
Authors: Guedes A. C. , Cantliffe D. J. , Nell T. A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Minetto’ lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.) were germinated at 35°C after different initial imbibition periods at 20°. No germination occurred at 35° in untreated seeds when the imbibition period was less than 6 hours. Maximum germination occurred after the seeds were imbibed for 16 hours. Most seeds primed in 1% K3PO4 at 15° for 9 hours then redried, germinated at 35°. However, germination increased gradually by increasing the time of early imbibition exposure to 9 hours. The endosperm membrane of seeds primed for 9-18 hours in a 1% K3PO4 solution did not rupture. Rupture of the membrane was evident after 21 hours of priming. A progressive loosening of the membrane after 9 hours of priming may be indicative of membrane weakening, possibly enhancing seed germination at high temperature.
In Vitro Studies of Ethephon-induced Abscission in Olive. II. The Relation between Ethylene Evolution and Abscission of Various Organs1
Authors: Lavee S. , Martin G. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Leaves, stems, inflorescences and fruits from excised ‘Manzanillo’ shoots of olive (Olea europaea L.) basally fed with (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (ethephon) were used to study the relation between ethylene evolution and abscission. The abscission response of the various organs to ethephon was directly related to concentration and length of exposure to a given treatment concentration. After an ethephon pulse treatment, stem tissues evolved increased levels of ethylene for a longer period than leaves, whereas the effect on petioles was shorter than leaves. Leaf abscission occurred after ethylene evolution from them declined. Inflorescences did not abscise even though induced to evolve high levels of ethylene. The rate of leaf ethylene evolution and abscission was higher in reproductive shoots than in nonreproductive shoots and was influenced by the number of inflorescences present on the shoot. Leaves on shoots with a large number of inflorescences senesced more rapidly than those with fewer inflorescences in our in vitro system and developed a marked chlorosis after 24 hours. Ethylene evolution from fruits on ethephon-fed shoots was low and abscission was erratic. The abscission layer between fruit and stem developed at no specific site along the pedicel or peduncle. Probable reasons for the specific levels and duration of ethylene evolution from the various tissues after an ethephon pulse are discussed.
Effects of Harvest Date on Ripening Capacity and Postharvest Life of ‘d’ Anjou’ Pears1
Authors: Chen P. M. , Mellenthin W. M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
’D‘Anjou’ pears (Pyrus communis L.) were harvested at weekly intervals for a 3-week period beginning at the start of commercial harvest in the Hood River Valley, Oregon. Late-harvested fruit at flesh firmness of 5.9 to 5.4 kg ripened with fair to good quality following 30 days storage at -1.1°C. Fruit harvested at optimum flesh firmness of 6.4 to 6.1 kg required 60 days of postharvest chilling to ripen with quality. The development of ripening capacity corresponded to the increase in internal ethylene to 1.5—2.0 ppm during cold storage. Dessert quality of late-harvested fruit declined after 90 days of storage while quality of optimum-harvested fruit continued to improve until 150 days in storage. Flesh firmness and ethanol-soluble matters indicated that fruit harvested over the 3-week period were of different maturities. Concentrations of titratable acids and soluble solids varied among different harvest groups.
Regeneration of Plants from Callus-derived Protoplasts of Salpiglossis1
Authors: Boyes C. J. , Sink K. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Callus cells were used as the cell source for isolating protoplasts of Salpiglossis sinuata L. Callus was initiated on the cut edges of leaf sections cultured on Uchimiya and Murashige (UM) medium under 24 μEm-2s-1 at 30°C. Friable callus from subcultures on UM was subjected to an enzymatic solution of 1% Driselase, 0.75% Pectinase, 2% Cellulase R-10, and 8% mannitol in CPW salts, and incubated at 50 rpm, for 4-5 hr to release protoplasts. Following washing, counting, and dilution, protoplasts were plated in liquid Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) modified by deleting the ammonium ions and adding (mg/liter): 250 L-glutamine, 0.1 L-serine, 2.0 thiamine, 0.5 indoleacetic acid (1AA), 1.0 2,4-D, 0.5 6-benzylamino purine (BA) and 9% mannitol. Within 2-5 days, cell wall synthesis and the first cell division occurred. Green-yellowish colonies, 2 to 3 mm in diameter, formed in 2.5 months and were transferred to MS + 1.0e mg/liter N6-isopentenyladenine (2iP), where shoot primordia were evident within 21 days. After full development and elongation of shoots, they were dipped in 1000 ppm indolebutyric acid (1BA) and placed in MS + 0.001 mg/liter 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to initiate roots. Rooting was carried out at 22±2°C under 80µm-2s-1 Cool White fluorescent tubes. Nine of 10 regenerated plants examined cytologically were 2n = 44, normal for the species, and 1 plant was 2n =88.
Effects of Overtree Misting for Bloom Delay on Pollination, Fruit Set, and Nutrient Element Concentration of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Tree1
Authors: Crassweller R. M. , Ferree D. C. , Stang E. J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Overtree misting for bloom delay reduced fruit set of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) flowers hand-pollinated with ‘Jonathan’ or ‘Golden Delicious’ pollen in 1978, or open-pollinated or hand cross-pollinated with ‘Jonathan’ pollen in 1979. Misting did not affect fruit set of flowers that were open-pollinated in 1978 or self-pollinated in 1979. The number of seeds per fruit was not reduced. Soil Ca, Mg, pH and base saturation of Ca and Mg were increased, and flower and spur leaves contained lower concentrations of N, P, K, B, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu at either full bloom or petal fall as a result of misting. Foliar sprays of B increased B concentrations but did not influence fruit set on either misted or nonmisted trees.
The Influence of Sustained and Alternating Dark Periods on the Growth of Three Foliage Plants1
Authors: Biran Isaac , Kofranek Anton M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Net photosynthesis, as measured by dry matter changes, was reduced following the dark periods when foliage plants were grown in extended, alternate dark-light cycles. Longer dark periods resulted in greater reduction; however, recovery was observed if the light duration was increased. No visual quality reduction was observed in Tradescantia fluminensis Veil and Asparagus setaceus Jessop which was grown under 14 days light: 14 days dark cycles for 84 days. Similarly, the quality of mature leaves and stems of Philodendron scandens Subsp. oxycardium (Schott) Bunt grown under 24 days dark: 24 days light cycles for 96 days was not impaired; however, new shoots and leaves were abnormal. Dry matter partitioning of Philodendron was affected by light conditions and growth activity. In plants with no active growth, the dry weight of leaves, stems, and roots was increased under adequate light condition and decreased under darkness. Stems were stronger sinks than leaves. In all treatments, when new shoots started their active growth, they became the main carbohydrate sinks with a concomitant reduction of weight of the mature organs. Reduction in percent dry matter following the lowering of the light intensity was observed. Determining and measuring the critical percent dry matter at which plant injury occurs are suggested as practical methods to evaluate the plant’s condition and how it may respond during and after the marketing period.
Relationships of Apple Sensory Attributes to Headspace Volatiles, Soluble Solids, and Titratable Acids
Authors: Watada Alley E. , Abbott Judith A. , Hardenburg Robert E. , Lusby William 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Correlations between sensory attributes and concentrations of headspace volatiles, soluble solids, and titratable acids of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘York Imperial’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were examined. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that variation of sweetness of ‘York Imperial’ and acidity of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘York Imperial’ can be accounted for in part by soluble solids, titratable acids, and headspace volatiles of apples. Astringency, mustiness, starchiness, and floral-fruitiness correlated poorly with the volatiles, soluble solids, and titratable acids.
Reducing Leaf Epinasty in Mechanically Stressed Poinsettia Plants1
Authors: Saltveit Mikal E. , Larson Roy A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Foliar sprays of either 10 mM aminoethoxyvinylglycine or 3 mM silver ions applied 24 hours before potted poinsettia plants (Euphorbia pulcherrima Klotzsch ex. Willd., cv. Annette Hegg Diva) were sleeved for 24 hours, significantly reduced the development of leaf epinasty after removal of the sleeves.
Responses of ‘McIntosh’ Apples to Low Oxygen Storage1
Authors: Lidster P. D. , McRae K. B. , Sanford Katherine A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Storage of ‘McIntosh’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) in low O2 atmospheres (1.5% CO2 + 1.0% O2) maintained fruit firmness by an average of 0.86 kg over 40 grower lots, compared with the same fruit stored in conventional controlled atmospheres (5% CO2 + 2.8% O2). Low O2 storage resulted in fruit which were higher in titratable acids and were significantly crisper, more acid, and juicier to sensory panelists. Fruit maturity at harvest was a significant factor in determining the losses of firmness and titratable acids in low O2 storage.