bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The unstable evolutionary position of Korarchaeota and its relationship with other TACK and Asgard archaea
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Meng 
Published: June 2022

Impact statementThe applications of marker gene concatenation have been advanced to resolve the key questions in the Tree of Life. However, the interphylum evolutionary relationship between Korarchaeota of TACK (Thaumarchaeota, Aigarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, Korarchaeota) and Asgard archaea remains uncertain. We applied a marker gene ranking procedure to examine their evolutionary history. Our updated trees showed confident placements of (1) Korarchaeota as the basal branch to other TACK archaea and as a sister group to Asgard archaea; (2) Njordarchaeota at basal branch to Korarchaeota instead of within Asgard archaea. They highlight the importance of evaluating marker genes for phylogeny inference of the Archaea domain.
Follicle development in pigs: State of the art
Authors: Knox Robert V. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the factors and pathways involved with recruitment, atresia, and selection of follicles in the pig, may provide insight into approaches to limit fertility failures. Antral follicles depend upon FSH to the 2–3 mm stage, become codependent upon LH at 4–5 mm, and rely on LH when >5 mm. Within the follicle, gonadotropin binding, steroids, growth factors, and inhibin interact to determine the fate of the follicle. Continuous recruitment appears likely for follicles, and once >1 mm, they may have a limited period for survival, before selection or atresia. If true, then the number of healthy follicles that can respond to a hormone signal for selection, could vary by size and development stage. Which follicles are selected may depend upon their age, numbers of capillaries, granulosa and thecal cells, and FSH and LH receptors. This might also suggest that factors such as management, nutrition, and stress in prior weeks, could affect different cohorts of follicles to determine which of those from the ovarian population will be selected.
Accelerating multi‐echo chemical shift encoded water–fat MRI using model‐guided deep learning
Authors: Li Shuo , Shen Chenfei , Ding Zekang , She Huajun , Du Yiping P. 
Published: June 2022

PurposeTo accelerate chemical shift encoded (CSE) water–fat imaging by applying a model‐guided deep learning water–fat separation (MGDL‐WF) framework to the undersampled k‐space data.MethodsA model‐guided deep learning water–fat separation framework is proposed for the acceleration using Cartesian/radial undersampling data. The proposed MGDL‐WF combines the power of CSE water–fat imaging model and data‐driven deep learning by jointly using a multi‐peak fat model and a modified residual U‐net network. The model is used to guide the image reconstruction, and the network is used to capture the artifacts induced by the undersampling. A data consistency layer is used in MGDL‐WF to ensure the output images to be consistent with the k‐space measurements. A Gauss‐Newton iteration algorithm is adapted for the gradient updating of the networks.ResultsCompared with the compressed sensing water–fat separation (CS‐WF) algorithm/2‐step procedure algorithm, the MGDL‐WF increased peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) by 5.31/5.23, 6.11/4.54, and 4.75 dB/1.88 dB with Cartesian sampling, and by 4.13/6.53, 2.90/4.68, and 1.68 dB/3.48 dB with radial sampling, at acceleration rates (R) of 4, 6, and 8, respectively. By using MGDL‐WF, radial sampling increased the PSNR by 2.07 dB at R = 8, compared with Cartesian sampling.ConclusionsThe proposed MGDL‐WF enables exploiting features of the water images and fat images from the undersampled multi‐echo data, leading to improved performance in the accelerated CSE water–fat imaging. By using MGDL‐WF, radial sampling can further improve the image quality with comparable scan time in comparison with Cartesian sampling.
Supramolecular Arrangement and DFT analysis of Zinc(II) Schiff Bases: An Insight towards the Influence of Compartmental Ligands on Binding Interaction with Protein
Authors: Chowdhury Megha Sen , Gumus Selcuk , Dasgupta Sanchari , Majumder Ishani , Bhattacharya Abir , Das Debasis , Mukhopadhyay Jayanta , Bose Debosreeta , Dasgupta Saumya , Akinay Yuksel , Mukhopadhyay Madhumita 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe report, for the first time, a detailed crystallographic study of the supramolecular arrangement for a set of zinc(II) Schiff base complexes containing the ligand 2,6‐bis((E)‐((2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl)imino)methyl)‐4‐R‐phenol], where R=methyl/tert‐butyl/chloro. The supramolecular study acts as a pre‐screening tool for selecting the compartmental ligand R of the Schiff base for effective binding with a targeted protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA). The most stable hexagonal arrangement of the complex [Zn−Me] (R=Me) stabilises the ligand with the highest FMO energy gap (ΔE=4.22 eV) and lowest number of conformations during binding with BSA. In contrast, formation of unstable 3D columnar vertebra for [Zn−Cl] (R=Cl) tend to activate the system with lowest FMO gap (3.75 eV) with highest spontaneity factor in molecular docking. Molecular docking analyses reported in terms of 2D LigPlot+ identified site A, a cleft of domains IB, IIIA and IIIB, as the most probable protein binding site of BSA. Arg144, Glu424, Ser428, Ile455 and Lys114 form the most probable interactions irrespective of the type of compartmental ligands R of the Schiff base whereas Arg185, Glu519, His145, Ile522 act as the differentiating residues with ΔG=−7.3 kcal mol−1.
A Racemic Naphthyl‐Coumarin‐Based Probe for Quantitative Enantiomeric Excess Analysis of Amino Acids and Enantioselective Sensing of Amines and Amino Alcohols
Authors: Li Jia‐Yi , Wang Li , Yin Li‐Ping , Jiang Xin‐Meng , Guo Kai , Zhang Chun , Yu Shan‐Shan , Yu Xiao‐Qi , Wang Qin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA new racemic naphthyl‐coumarin‐based probe was found to bind covalently with amino acids in MeOH‐KOH system and thereby generates distinct CD responses. The induced strong CD signals allowed quantitative enantiomeric excess analysis of amino acids and enantioselective sensing of amines and amino alcohols. The mechanism for the reaction of the coumarin‐aldehyde probe with an amino acid was investigated by CD, UV‐Vis, NMR, ESI‐MS analyses and ECD calculation.
Obesity treatment initiation, retention, and outcomes in the Veterans Affairs MOVE! Program among rural and urban veterans
Authors: Robinson Kathleen M. , Vander Weg Mark , Laroche Helena H. , Carrel Margaret , Wachsmuth Jason , Kazembe Krista , Vaughan Sarrazin Mary 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveRural veterans have high obesity rates. Yet, little is known about this population's engagement with the Veterans Affairs (VA) weight management program (MOVE!). The study objective is to determine whether MOVE! enrollment, anti‐obesity medication use, bariatric surgery use, retention, and outcomes differ by rurality for veterans with severe obesity.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study using Veterans Health Administration patient databases, including VA patients with severe obesity during 2015–2017. Patients were categorized using Rural‐Urban Commuting Area codes. Primary outcomes included proportion of patients and risk‐adjusted likelihood of initiating VA MOVE!, anti‐obesity medication, or bariatric surgery and risk‐adjusted highly rural|Hazard Ratio (HR) of any obesity treatment. Secondary outcomes included treatment retention (≥12 weeks) and successful weight loss (5%) among patients initiating MOVE!, and risk‐adjusted odds of retention and successful weight loss.ResultsAmong 640,555 eligible veterans, risk‐adjusted relative likelihood of MOVE! treatment was significantly lower for rural and HR veterans (HR = 0.83, HR = 0.67, respectively). Initiation rates of anti‐obesity medication use were significantly lower as well, whereas bariatric surgery rates, retention, and successful weight loss did not differ.ConclusionsOverall treatment rates with MOVE!, bariatric surgery, and anti‐obesity medications remain low. Rural veterans are less likely to enroll in MOVE! and less likely to receive anti‐obesity medications than urban veterans.
Graphitized Loofah Sponge‐Derived Carbon for Supercapacitors with Superior Volumetric Capacitance
Authors: Zhu Yuxin , Zhang Yunqiang , Li Mei , Peng Dan , Mu Qiuhong , Zhang Changbin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiomass‐derived carbons (BDCs) have achieved huge improvements in pore structures and performance when prepared by chemical activation, resulting in single pore distribution and deteriorating electrical conductivity yet. It is the greatest challenge to obtain high graphitization BDCs with attractive electrochemical performance at high mass loading of active materials. Partially graphitized loofah sponge‐derived carbon (CLC) is successfully prepared by metal ion‐assisted activation and high‐temperature annealing, exhibiting a high specific surface area of 1133.8 m2 g−1 and rich nitrogen and oxygen content. Attributing to the structural advantages and the retained macropore network, the CLC loaded with 10 mg cm−2 demonstrated a volumetric capacitance (CV) of 1 188.8 F cm−3 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 and an impressive capacitance retention of 97.7% after 15,000 charge/discharge cycles. This work proposes an economical and feasible synthetic route for the preparation of highly graphitized BDCs, offering the possibility of large‐scale synthesis of ideal performance supercapacitor (SCs) electrode materials.
Application of vibrational signals to study and manipulate an insect vector: the case of Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae)
Authors: Avosani Sabina , Ciolli Marco , Verrastro Vincenzo , Mazzoni Valerio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDVibrational stimuli can support pest management as they provide environmentally friendly methods to manipulate insect pest behaviors. Different vibrational stimuli were used to study and influence the behavior of the meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius, the European vector of Xylella fastidiosa. In playback experiments, we tested the reactions of the spittlebug toward the male calling signals (test 1) and the male–male signal (test 2). In test 3, we evaluated the use of conspecific signals and noises to repel insects/disrupt mating.RESULTSTest 1 provided new insights regarding the role of the male calling signal in intraspecific communication, in particular that this signal likely does not underlie aggregation or aggression toward conspecifics. Test 2 demonstrated that the male–male signal is used by males to express distress when physically interacting, whilst, when played back into a host plant, it has not any repellent effect on the spittlebug. Test 3A suggested that males exploit short silence gaps to localize the signaling partner, while test 3B showed that a continuous noise with a specific frequency range successfully disrupt mating, as only one male out of 20 localized the female on the plant.CONCLUSIONPlaybacks obtained from prerecorded P. spumarius' signals were successfully used to accomplish ethological studies; even so, this approach did not show a real potential to be used as a control strategy. However, noises designed to mask the spittlebug signals significantly disrupted species mating and could integrate other techniques aimed at reducing the spread of X. fastidiosa after appropriate implementation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of an effective hydrogel bait and an assessment of community‐wide management targeting the invasive white‐footed ant, Technomyrmex brunneus
Authors: Sunamura Eiriki , Terayama Mamoru , Fujimaki Ryota , Ono Takashi , Buczkowski Grzegorz , Eguchi Katsuyuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnts are one of the most serious household pests. White‐footed ants in the genus Technomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are invasive species of increasing global importance as evidenced by recent range expansion, nuisance pest status in residential areas and control difficulties driven mainly by lack of effective bait products. The goal for the current study was to develop an effective hydrogel bait and community‐wide management program for controlling the invasive T. brunneus in a residential area of Hachijo Island, Japan.RESULTSIn laboratory insecticide screening, hydrogel baits containing thiamethoxam achieved higher T. brunneus mortality than those containing dinotefuran, imidacloprid, boric acid or fipronil at the concentrations tested. Hydrogel baits containing 0.01% and 0.001% thiamethoxam resulted in ≥90% mortality within seven days. However, the horizontal transfer effect was not strong with either concentration. Field experiments confirmed that hydrogel baits containing 10% and 30% sugar are highly attractive to T. brunneus. The community‐wide treatment utilizing hydrogel bait containing 0.001% thiamethoxam and 30% sugar significantly suppressed T. brunneus. Town residents were given the opportunity to participate in the program by applying hydrogel baits around their homes, and a follow‐up survey revealed that the residents regarded hydrogel baits as easy to apply and highly attractive and effective against T. brunneus.CONCLUSIONThe hydrogel bait and management program developed in this study can be used to suppress T. brunneus. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that a large network of highly motivated and properly trained members of the public can be highly effective in managing invasive ant populations. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Commercial‐scale remediation of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances from a landfill leachate catchment using Surface‐Active Foam Fractionation (SAFF®)
Authors: Burns David J. , Hinrichsen Helena M. , Stevenson Paul , Murphy Peter J. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article presents the results from a commercial‐scale field trial of the Surface‐Active Foam Fractionation (SAFF) process for the removal of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from a landfill leachate catchment at the Telge Recycling plant, Sweden. There have been 23 sampling events for PFAS influent and effluent concentrations over the course of 10 months, during which approximately 80,000 m3 of leachate feed has been successfully treated without the need for complex pretreatment. The contracted throughput was 330 m3 per day (120,000 m3/year), but, in practice, it varied between 200 m3 and 500 m3 per day depending upon the inventory of the upstream leachate catchment. Over the trial period, it was demonstrated that SAFF was successful in removing ≥98.7% perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), ≥99.7% perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and ≥98.8% perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) from the feed stream without using absorbent media or chemical amendment consumables, including the partial/significant removal of other PFAS species. The reported removal percentages are constrained by the limit of reporting (LOR) of analytical testing of the “treated stream”; the actual removal percentages could be higher as detailed by a single sampling event “I” included herein. The mean concentrations of the treated stream were ≤2.34 ng/L PFOS, ≤1.28 ng/L PFOA, and ≤1.00 ng/L PFHxS; the contractual criteria requirement was to reduce PFOS to <50 ng/L. The results are concordant with those obtained by Burns et al. (2021) who demonstrated that SAFF technology removed ≥99.8% PFOS, ≥99.8% PFOA, and ≥98.4% PFHxS from a PFAS‐contaminated groundwater stream at the Army Aviation Centre Oakey military base in Australia. The present study extends what was learned from the previous Australian groundwater study in that there is more complex chemistry associated with the leachate feed stream arising from landfill receipt of domestic, commercial, and industrial waste to the landfill cells. In addition, the climatic dependency that was considered by Burns et al. (2021) is explored in a colder environment and is found to be practically insignificant with respect to PFAS removal. Burns et al. (2021) asserted that nearly complete PFAS removal is achieved if the Brusseau adsorption coefficient is greater than approximately 1 µm. The present study extends this analysis to demonstrate that removal percentages fall to approximately 0 at an adsorption coefficient of 0.02 µm with a functional form of a sigmoid on semi‐log axes. A full set of third‐party laboratory test certificates are provided in the Supporting Information.
Deep learning with RGB and thermal images onboard a drone for monitoring operations
Authors: Speth Simon , Gonçalves Artur , Rigault Bastien , Suzuki Satoshi , Bouazizi Mondher , Matsuo Yutaka , Prendinger Helmut 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article describes the artificial intelligence (AI) component of a drone for monitoring and patrolling tasks associated with disaster relief missions in specific restricted disaster scenarios, as specified by the Advanced Robotics Foundation in Japan. The AI component uses deep learning models for environment recognition and object detection. For environment recognition, we use semantic segmentation, or pixel‐wise labeling, based on RGB images. Object detection is key for detecting and locating people in need. Since people are relatively small objects from the drone perspective, we use both RGB and thermal images. To train our models, we created a novel multispectral and publicly available data set of people. We used a geo‐location method to locate people on the ground. The semantic segmentation models were extensively tested using different feature extractors. We created two dedicated data sets, which we have made publicly available. Compared with the baseline model, the best‐performing model could increase the mean intersection over union (IoU) by 1.3%. Furthermore, we compared two types of person detection models. The first one is an ensemble model that combines RGB and thermal information via “late fusion”; the second one is a 4‐channel model that combines these two types of information in an “early fusion” manner. The results suggest that the 4‐channel model had a 40.6% increase of average precision for stricter IoU values (0.75) compared with the ensemble model and a 5.8% increase in the average precision compared with the thermal model. All models were deployed and tested on the NVIDIA AGX Xavier platform. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first to use both RGB and thermal data from the perspective of a drone for monitoring tasks.
Autonomous hanging tether management and experimentation for an unmanned air‐surface vehicle team
Authors: Talke Kurt , Birchmore Frederick , Bewley Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe mission of an unmanned air vehicle (UAV) tethered to a small unmanned surface vehicle (USV) is considered. As opposed to the majority of existing tethered UAV work, which assumes a taut tether, this paper addresses the challenge of tether management for a slack, hanging tether in a dynamic ocean environment up to sea state 4 on the Douglas scale. A prototype smart reel system for a UAV–USV team was designed and experimentally validated in controlled and uncontrolled dynamic environments. A reference model for tether control based on static catenary cable theory was extended and shown to be valid through the entire operational envelop. A Kalman filter was developed to fuse slow (4 Hz) differential GPS (dGPS) relative position measurements with fast (100 Hz) inertial measurements, to output a 100 Hz estimate of relative position, relative velocity, and inertial sensor bias. A relative velocity‐based gain‐scheduled proportional‐derivative (PD) controller was developed, and demonstrated robustness to heave, pitch, and roll motion of the USV. Experimental testing with a UAV surrogate showed successful decoupling of heave motion from the UAV altitude in a controlled indoor environment. Taut tether control, in contrast, exhibited 12 times more tether tension at the UAV compared to the controller proposed here. The performance of the tuned controller with feedback from the Kalman filter exhibited minimal deviation from static catenary cable theory during the dynamic experiments. Indoor flight testing showed the developed reference model and controller essentially decoupled the dynamic motion of the USV from that of the UAV; the measured deflections of the UAV altitude and position essentially matched that of untethered flight. Outdoor flights validated the effectiveness of the controller in an unknown dynamic environment, for a larger relative position between the UAV and USV, using the dGPS Kalman filter solution to measure relative position. Initial experimental results look promising for continued on‐water testing of hanging‐tether UAV/USV teams.
Effect of Temperature and MgCl2 Concentration on the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Malt Waste Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Silva Lucas D. , Lira Taisa S. , Xavier Thiago P. , Barrozo Marcos A. S. , Dantas Sandra C. , Silvério Beatriz C. , Santos K. G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the search of new energy sources, this work aimed to investigate the pyrolysis of malt waste, the major by‐product generated from the brewing industry, to produce biochar and bio‐oil. The study also explored the effects of pyrolysis temperature and concentration of MgCl2 catalyst on the yields of bio‐oil, biochar and pyrolytic gas. The pyrolysis products were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of the studied variables on the yields and quality of the pyrolysis products were quantified using regression technique. It was found that the use of MgCl2 favored dehydration reactions and generated biochar and bio‐oil with less oxygen and greater calorific value, thus improving their use as a fuel. In addition, the MgCl2 accelerated the formation of intermediate compounds at low temperatures, changed the reaction pathways and decreased the reaction complexity, consequently reducing the activation energy value and the order of reactions.
An Overview of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Embedded with Quantum Dots and Their Implementation as an Alternative Approach for Extraction and Detection of Crocin
Authors: ul Gani Mir Tahir , Malik Azad Qayoom , Singh Jaskaran , Shukla Saurabh , Kumar Deepak 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMolecularly imprinting polymer (MIPs) is an emerging technology that could provide an alternative path to produce receptor‐like binding sites. The technology involves complex bond formation between target molecules (templates), and functional monomers can occur insolvent. MIPS embedded with Quantum Dots (QDs) as a sensor is used for extraction and detection of various compounds. QDs have fluorescence properties and electronic characteristics such as comprehensive and continuous absorption spectra, narrow emission spectra, and high light resistance. Crocin is the major metabolite obtained from saffron (Crocus sativus). It is widely used as an antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor, and anticancer agent. According to recent studies, crocin has been used for drug delivery to treat various diseases. Therefore, the isolation, extraction and detection of crocin from saffron are of prime importance. Developing a selective extraction and detection technique for crocin would assist in its separation and purification easily from saffron stigmas. MIPs encapsulated with QDs is a promising tool for the extraction and detection of various compound, and this technique could also be employed for crocin. In this review, a brief summary of MIPs, QDs and MIP‐QDs sensors has been summarised. Moreover, an effort has been made to review how MIPs encapsulated with QDs can be used as the best alternative for efficiently extracting and detecting crocin.