bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1985
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Florida Market 10’ eggplant was transplanted 15 May, near Benson, NC. Single row plots 10 ft long on 60 inch centers were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Applications were made using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 54 gal/acre at 60 psi. Treatments were applied 18, 25 Jun, 2, 9, 17, 23, and 30 Jul. Foliar damage was evaluated 17 Jun, 1, 8, 15, and 29 Jul and insect counts on 3 plants per plot were made 10, 17, 24 Jun, 1, 8, 15, and 29 Jul. Fruit was harvested and the % of damaged fruit recorded on 1 Aug.
Reduction of Onion Thrips in Transplanted and Seedling Onions, 1985
Authors: Johnson Gregory D. , Lindgren Dale T. , Campbell John B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Onion seeds were sown on 18 Apr at the University of Nebraska West Central Research and Extension Center Horticulture Plots, North Platte, NE. Transplants were started in the greenhouse from seed on 4 Mar and set in the plots 18 Apr. Onions were irrigated when needed by an overhead sprinkler system. Plots consisted of double rows, 1 seedling and 1 transplant, spaced 18 inches apart and 10 ft in length. The distance between plots was 30 inches. Treatments were applied 18 Jul with a hand-held sprayer at 40 gal/acre at 25 psi. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications per treatment. Evaluations were made by counting the number of adult and nymphal thrips on 2 plants at 5 locations in each replicate. Percent thrips reduction was calculated using the formula presented in the table.
Fruit Insect Control, 1985
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Kidd K. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Large Red Cherry’ peppers were transplanted 7 Jun, near Benson, NC. Single row plots 10 ft long on 60 in centers were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Applications were made using a C02 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 54 gal/acre at 60 psi. Fruit was harvested and plants were artificially infested with 2 European corn borer egg masses per plant on 30 Jul. Treatments were applied 2, 9, and 16 Aug. Fruit was harvested and the % of infested fruit recorded on 13 and 22 Aug.
Apple, Insecticide Evaluation, 1986
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Crim Larry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to 5 single-tree plots (3 ‘Rome Beauty', 2 ‘Golden Delicious') of 32-year-old trees in a randomized block design. Applications were made with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer which traveled at 3.86 k/hr and delivered 935 1/ ha. Dates of application were 3 Apr [delayed dormant (DD)], 12 Apr [pre-pink (PP)], 5 and 6 May [petal fall (PF)], 19 May [first cover (1C)], 3 Jun [second cover (2C)], 13 Jun [third cover (3C)], 27 and 28 Jun [fourth cover (4C)], 11 Jul [fifth cover (5C)j, 28 Jul [sixth cover (6C)], 10 and 11 Aug [seventh cover (7C)] and 24 and 25 Aug [eight cover (8C)]. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Benlate, Bordeaux mixture, Captan, Dithane M-45, Manzate 200, Polyram, Solubor and Streptomycin. Effect of treatments on RAA was determined by counting colonies on the periphery of each tree. AA control was determined by counting infested leaves on each of 10 top terminals and AA/most infested leaf/terminal for each tree. Effect of treatments on ERM was determined by sampling 20 leaves from the periphery of each tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine and counting active stages with a binocular microscope. Treatment effect on SP was determined by counting adults and larvae on the periphery of test trees observed during a 3-minute period. Control of WALH was evaluated by counting nymphs found on 25 leaves selected from the periphery of each tree. Treatment effectiveness on fruit feeding insects was determined by scoring for injury 500 apples per treatment (100/replication) plus all fallen apples sampled on 18 Sep. Fruit picked from ‘Golden Delicious’ trees were rated for finish (1-9 worst).
Colorado Potato Beetle Insecticide Trial, 1985
Authors: Graustein Mark R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established on the grounds of the University of Delaware Experiment Station near Georgetown, DE on 4 Apr. They consisted of a single row 25 ft long on 36 inch centers, bordered on both sides by guard rows. Twelve treatments replicated 4 times were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Standard planting, fertility and weed control practices were followed. The Temik 15G treatments were applied at drag off using a single row Noble® applicator. The first Temik 15G treatment was banded over the row and lightly incorporated with a hoe. The second Temik 15G treatment was apphed as a side dress in the cultivator furrow 6 inches from the row. All of the foliar treatments were applied with a C02 propelled backpack sprayer using 2 R&D Sprayer Inc., HC 12 hollow cone drop nozzles delivering a total of 26.4 gal per acre at 40 psi. The Ambush* 25W and UC 84572 compounds were applied on 8, 16 May, 4 and 18 Jun. The Duter and Fenvalerate treatments were applied 16 May, 4 and 18 Jun. Data collection consisted of counting the number of adults and larvae per 10 plants. Foliar damage was rated on a scale of 1 to 5 with one being the least severe and 5 the most severe. For the yield analysis, the entire row was dug and all tubers were collected, weighed and separated by size into 3 groups: (1) “extra smalls” were any tuber less than 1⅞ inches in diameter; (2) “smalls” were any tuber more than 1⅞ inches but less than 2½ inches in diameter; and (3) “mediums, larges, oversized” were any tuber measuring more than 2Vi inches in diameter. Total yield is expressed in CWT per acre and each of the above groups is expressed as a % of total yield.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1986
Authors: Hollingsworth Craig S. , Voss Robert Hurley , Ferro David N. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Potatoes were planted on 8 May in South Deerfield, MA. Fertilizer was applied at planting (1000 lb/acre, 10N:10P:19K) and at first hilling (160 lbs/acre of urea 45). Soil was a fine sandy loam with a pH of ca. 5.3. The previous year potatoes were grown in the same field; therefore, Colorado potato beetle (CPB) pressure was heavy. Treatment blocks were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of 2 30-ft rows with a 3 ft fallow area separating each plot. Applications were applied with a C02 pressurized sprayer at 40 psi, with a delivery rate of ca. 65 gal/acre. Applications were made on 18 and 19 Jun and on 3, 9 and 23 Jul. Foliar applications of Agrikelp (of 1.0 and 2.0 qt. formulation/acre) were applied on 29 Jun and 7 Jul. The synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was tank mixed with Ambush treatments. Temik 15G applied at planting was administered to each seedpiece using calibrated hand scoops. Temik 15G (3.0) was applied at plant emergence on 3 Jun. CPB densities were determined by counting adults and larvae on 10 primary stalks in each plot. Densities were first determined 18 Jun before foliar treatments were applied. Early Temik treatments has already effected larval densities by this time. At mid-season, each plot was rated for defoliation on a scale from 1 (0-20%) to 5 (80-100%). When a treatment scored 5's in 2 of 4 plots, further treatment and evaluation was discontinued.
Potato Leafhopper Control, Missouri (Southern), 1986
Authors: Bailey W. C. , Munson R. E. , Booker B. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental plots measuring 20 x 40 ft were established in a 3-month-old stand of alfalfa at the University of Missouri’s Wurdack Farm located in Crawford and Dent Counties. Sixteen treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 11 Jun at 16.5 gal/acre using 8002 flat fan nozzles, 50 mesh screens, and 20 lb/square inch pressure on a 20 ft tractor-mounted boom. The alfalfa was ca. 9 inches tall at time of treatment with a temperature near 75°F and 2-4 mph winds. PLH populations were estimated by 10 (180 degree) sweeps with a 15-inch sweep net at 1, 3, 10, 21, and 28 days posttreatment.
Clover Root Curculio Control, Kentucky 1986
Authors: Parr John C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test area was in a 4 and a 1 year old stand of ‘Buffalo’ variety alfalfa during 1985 and 1986, respectively. The plots were 34 x 40 ft and the treatment and the untreated control were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Furadan 4F was mixed so as to apply 1 lb (AI)/acre in 20 gal total volume per acre. The treatment was applied 28 days before harvest (mid Apr) when the alfalfa was ca. 6 inches high. Population densities of the clover root curculio were determined by placing two 1 ft2 cages per replicate at random on alfalfa plants after the first harvest was removed and prior to emergence of new adult Sitona. After all Sitona had emerged (late June), the cages were removed and the area beneath the cages was sampled with a D-vac suction sampler. To separate the Sitona from plant and soil debris, the D-vac samples were placed in Berlese funnels for 48 hours.
Control of Alfalfa Insects, Fort Collins, Co, 1986
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Lordier Martha , Meyer Wendy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied on 16 May with a CO2 powered sprayer calibrated to deliver 26.6 gpa through 4 flat fan 8006 nozzles, mounted on a hand-held boom, at 30 psi. Plots were 12 ft × 18 ft and were arranged in 4 replicates of a split plot design with alfalfa variety (Perry and Ranger) as main plots and insecticide treatment as subplots. Varietal information is not included here. Crop height was ca 1.5 ft at time of application. Alfalfa was planted in the fall of 1986. Soil type was a clay loam. No rainfall was received during the experiment.
Apple, Cyhexatin Formulation Study, 1986
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Crim Larry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two formulations of cyhexatin miticide (Plictran 50W, XRM-4868 5F) were applied at 0.5 lb Al/acre to 5 row plots of 32-year-old trees at Swan Pond orchard. Applications were made with a FMC Bean 4000 CP airblast sprayer which traveled at 4.0 k/hr and delivered 935 1/ha. Dates of application were 10 Jul (after precount) and 15 Jul. Treatment effectiveness was determined by sampling 25 leaves from the periphery of each of 4 random replications selected from the center row of each treatment. ERM were removed from leaves with a mite-brushing machine and active stages were counted with a binocular microscope.
Control of Pale Western Cutworm in Winter Barley, Springfield, Co, 1986
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Pilcher Stanley D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were 6 rows wide × 50 ft long, and were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments applied on 19 Apr, with a CO2 powered sprayer calibrated to apply 26 gpa at 30 psi through 4 flat fan 8006 nozzles mounted on a 6 ft handheld boom. The crop was in Feekes growth stages 6-7. Treatments were evaluated on 24 Apr.
Control of Fall Armyworm in Field Corn, 1985
Authors: Tasistro A. , Mihm J. A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Pool 24' corn was planted on 5 Jul at the Poza Rica Experiment Station, Puebla, Mexico. Twenty four treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plot size was 6 rows (0.75 m apart) × 5.0 m. Corn was thinned to 40,404 plants per hectare. All rows were infested, but only the four central ones were treated and evaluated. An avg of 26.4 larvae/plant were initially applied on 18 Jul when the crop was at the 3 expanded leaf stage. On 1 Aug the crop was reinfested at the 7-8 expanded leaf stage with an avg of 21 larvae/plant. The insecticides were applied on 24 Jul with corn at the 5.5 leaves stage. Liquid formulations were applied with a bicycle compressed air sprayer, using 8004 nozzles, 2.8 kg/cm2 and delivering 483 liters/ha. Granular formulations were applied with hand applicators, delivering 0.2 cc/stroke. Evaluations consisted of: a) Number of total and undamaged plants, at three intervals: one week after initial infestation, one week after treatment application ;md one week after reinfestation; b) Plant and ear height, on 12 Sep; c) Number of harvested plants and ears, and grain yield (15% moisture) on 24 Oct.
Control of Thrips and Aphids on Seedling Cotton with Granular In-Furrow Insecticides and Seed Treat-Ments, 1986
Authors: Burris Gene , Ratchford Kevin , Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The efficacy of an experimental granular organophosphate insecticide on thrips and cotton aphids was compared to Temik 15G, Furadan 15G, Lance 15G and Orthene 80SP seed treatments at the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, LA. Test plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design, and were 4 rows (40 inch spacing) × 65 ft. Cotton was planted on 30 Apr on a commerce silt loam soil fertilized (pre-plant) with 90 lb N/acre. Test treatments were applied in-furrow at planting with a John Deere 7100 planter, equipped with granular applicator split boxes. Terraclor Super × (Terraclor 1.0 lb + Terrazole 0.25 lb Al/acre) was applied with each granular treatment, and one of the seed treatments, as a standard fungicide treatment. Major pest and/or secondary pest treatments were initiated in Jun and maintained on a 'as needed' basis through Aug. Efficacy of the various treatments on thrips and cotton aphids was measured by washing insects from 10 seedling cotton plants/plot onto 200 mesh screens, backwashing them onto lined filter paper (7 cm) and counting them with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope. Leaf measurements were made on 5 Jun with a Licor leaf area machine, measuring all leaves from 5 plants/plot that were removed from the field and immediately processed. Stand data were taken from the 2 middle rows of each plot in 20 ft flagged sections on 4 and 20 Jun. Plant height of 20 randomly selected plants within each plot was measured on 4 Jun. Yields were determined by solid picking the 4 row plots with a mechanical harvester on 20 Sep and 7 Oct.
Temik 15G and Nemacur 15G In-Furrow Rate Test on Delta (Commerce Silt Loam) Soil, 1986
Authors: Burris Gene , Ratchford Kevin , Graves J. B. , Pavloff A. M. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Temik 15G and Nemacur 15G were tested at 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 lb Al/acre for control of thrips and aphids on seedling cotton. Orthene 80SP seed treatments (6.4 oz (AI)/100 lb seed) with and without Terraclor Super × (TSX) and blended Di-Syston + TSX were included for comparison. Test plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design, at the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, LA. Plot size was 4 rows (40 inch spacing) × 65 ft. Cotton was planted on 30 Apr and fertilized with 90 lb N/acre applied preplant. Test treatments were applied in-furrow at planting with a John Deere 7100 planter, equipped with granular application split boxes. Terraclor Super × (Terraclor 1.0 lb + Terrazole 0.25 lb (AI)/acre) was applied with the Temik 15G and Nemacur 15G treatments, and one of the seed treatments, as a standard fungicide treatment for delta conditions. The Di-Syston treatment was a commercial blend with TSX. Major pest and/or secondary pest treatments were initiated in Jun and maintained on an 'as needed' basis through Aug. The effects of the test treatments on thrips and cotton aphids were measured by washing insects from 10 seedling cotton plants/plot onto 200 mesh screens, backwashing them onto lined filter paper (7 cm) and counting them with the aid of a binocular dissecting microscope. Leaf area measurements were made on 22 and 29 May with a Licor leaf area machine, measuring all leaves from 5 plants/plot that were removed from the field and immediately processed. Stand data were taken from the middle 2 rows of each plot in 20 ft flagged sections on 4 Jun. Plant height of 20 randomly selected plants within each plot was measured on 4 Jun. Yields were determined by solid picking the 4 row plots with a mechanical harvester on 20 Sep and 7 Oct.
Control of Heliothis Spp. on Cotton, 1986
Authors: Micinski Stephen , Graves Jerry B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A full-season study was conducted at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, to evaluate selected insecticides and insecticide combinations for Heliothis spp. control on cotton. Cotton was planted 6 May on 1.02-m centers. Plots were 4 rows × 30.5 m and were arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a C02 system for spraying small plots. Materials were applied in 11.4 liters of water/acre with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles spaced 50.8 cm apart. Treatment' were applied on 15, 22, 30 Jul, 5 and 13 Aug. Plots were oversprayed 22 Aug with Cymbush 3E (0.06 lb (AI)/acre) + Monitor 4EC (0.25 lb (AI)/acre). Plan: damage was monitored 2-3 days after each insecticide application by examining 25 squares/plot. Yields were determined by mechanically harvesting the center 2 rows in each plot on 2 Oct
Chemical Control of the Fall Armyworm on Cotton, 1986
Authors: Mink J. S. , Luttrell R. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
First and third instar fall armyworm larvae were exposed to cotton structures treated with several insecticides. The insecticides were applied using a motorized spray table calibrated to spray 6.0 gal per acre with a TX-4 hollow cone nozzle mounted above the conveyor belt. Leaf disks cut from untreated cotton leaves and then treated on the spray table were used to determine mortality of first instar larvae. The treated leaf disks were placed on moist filter paper in 100 × 15 mm pitre dishes and 10 neonate larvae were placed on each disc using a small camel's hair brush. The covered dishes were placed in a 30�C temperature chamber and mortality was observed 24 h post-treatment. Each treatment contained 5 dishes and was replicated twice. A "water-pic" bioassay system was used to obtain mortality of third instar larvae due to insecticide treatment. Cotton terminals were obtained from an untreated field by cutting the top ca. 30 cm of the stem using pruning shears. The plant material was washed, trimmed and placed in 30 ml test tubes filled with water. The test tubes were then placed in an upright position in wooden holding boxes (0.5 × 0.8 m). After spraying the material on the spray table, one third instar larva was placed on each terminal and caged using a 472 ml styrofoam cup. The boxes were held at room temperature and mortality was observed 48 h post-treatment. After 48 h survivors were placed in diet cups and held in a 30�C temperature chamber until pupation, at which time mortality was again observed. This was necessary to allow appropriate time for several biological treatments to cause mortality. Each treatment consisted of 20 larvae and was replicated 4 times. All tests included a water control treatment.
Evaluation of Dipel 8L for Heliothis SPP. Control in Mississippi, 1986
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Hurst Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three rates of Dipel 8L alone and in combination with Galecron 4E were evaluated at the Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS. Plots were 12 rows (40 inch centers) by 520 ft long and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Cotton was planted 6 May and later thinned to approximately 20,000 plants/acre. Treatments were applied 26 Jul and 7 Aug by high clearance tractor equipped with 2 TX-4 nozzles per row calibrated for a total volume of 5 gal/acre. All plots received insecticide applications for early season thrips, boll weevil and aphids as needed throughout the season. In addition, Cymbush 3E at 0.05 lb (AI)/acre was applied to the untreated check plots on 12 Aug to prevent further yield loss by Heliothis spp. larvae. Cymbush 3E plus Bolstar 6E plus Guthion 2L at 0.05, 0.5 and 0.2 lb (AI)/acre, respectively, were applied on 19 Aug to suppress Heliothis spp. larvae, boll weevil, and aphids in all plots. Field data were obtained by whole plant search of 5 plants at 2 locations within the center 4 rows of each plot. Data from 12 Aug were obtained from 5 plants at 3 locations in the center 4 rows of each plot. Predator populations were sampled by taking 25 sweeps from the center 4 rows of each plot with a 15 inch diam sweep net on 12 Aug. The Heliothis spp. larval population on 23 Jul prior to treatment indicated an average of 2.7 small worms (&lt;0.25 inches long), 3.0 medium worms (&gt;0.25 &lt;0.5 inches long) and 3.9 large worms (&gt;0.5 inches long) per 10 plants.
Evaluation of Pyrethroid and Organophosphorus Compounds for Heliothis SPP. Control in Mississippi, 1986
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Grant Robert R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirteen treatments were tested for relative efficacy against Heliothis spp. larvae in nonirrigated cotton planted 19 May and thinned to ca. 20,500 plants/ acre. Plots 8 rows by 50 ft separated by 15 ft plowed alleys were located at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Insecticides were applied to 8 rows by a high clearance spray tractor equipped with a compressed air spray system and 3 TX-3 nozzles/row with 15 inch drops between rows. Total spray volume was 5 gal/acre at 4 mph and 38 psi. Plots within a replication were sprayed consecutively with the boom being rinsed twice and blown clear between plots. Treatment dates were 22 Jul, 29 Jul, 5 and 23 Aug. All plots received additional applications of insecticide for control of early season thrips, boll weevils and aphids as needed throughout the season. Aphids were evaluated by counting the number of aphids on 3 leaves of 2 plants in each plot on 1 Aug. Heliothis spp. larvae were counted by whole plant search of 10 plants in each plot. Yield was obtained by picking the 2 center rows of each plot by mechanical picker on 24 Oct. No field data other than yield were collected after 8 Aug and Heliothis spp. larval numbers had diminished in the check plot to a mean of 3.2/10 plants and to 0.5 or 0.0 in all other treatments.
Tarnish Plant Bug Control, 1985
Authors: Schuster M. F. , Langston W. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
These tests were conducted to compare control of tarnish plant bug (TPB) and cotton fleahopper (CF) of insecticides, an IGR, and exotoxin to a Vydate standard. 'Paymaster 145' was planted on 7 May and standard cultural practices were followed. Plots were 8 rows wide by 40 feet long in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. The sprays were applied 26 Jun with conventional and ULV ground equipment. The plots were sampled 1 and 6 days after application with a D-Vac of 50 row ft. Numbers of phytophagus and beneficial insects were counted and recorded as shown in tables.
Spider Mite Control on Cotton, 1985
Authors: Schuster M. F. , Langston W. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Paymaster 145' was planted on 7 May and grown by standard methods. The test area was a randomized complete block with 8 row plots 40 ft long. The test insecticides were applied in 5 gal/acre with a Hi-Boy sprayer. Plots were infested on 10 Jul with a Yazoo City, Mississippi strain of two-spotted spider mite known to be resistant to chlorinated hydrocarbon, organophosphate, and carbamate miticides. All plots except Capture 0.05 lb (AI)/acre plots were over-sprayed with 0.05 lb (AI)/acre Ammo to induce mite build-up. Twenty-five leaves on the 6th node from the terminal were examined for mite infestation on 1 Aug, and 25 leaves on the third node from the terminal on 6 and 15 Aug.