bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brown adipose tissues mediate the metabolism of branched chain amino acids during the transitioning from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism (TRIBUTE)
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Goh Hui Jen , Verma Sanjay , Govindharajulu Priya , Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Michael Navin , Henry Christiani Jeyakumar , Goh Julian Park-Nam , Velan S. Sendhil , Leow Melvin Khee-Shing 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBoth hyperthyroidism and elevated plasma branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are associated with insulin resistance. BCAA utilization and clearance relative to thyroid status changes remains unclear. We investigate amino acids changes, specifically BCAA, during the transition from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism, and the impact of active brown adipose tissue (BAT) on the metabolic effects of BCAA. Newly diagnosed Graves’ disease participants were recruited. Hyperthyroidism was treated via a titration dosing regimen of thionamide anti-thyroid drug to establish euthyroidism over 12–24 weeks. All underwent energy expenditure (EE) measurement within a chamber calorimeter, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging and plasma amino acids measurement during hyperthyroidism and euthyroidism. PET BAT maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUVmean and MR supraclavicular fat fraction (FF) quantified BAT activity. Twenty-two patients completed the study. Plasma BCAA level was significantly reduced in BAT-positive but not in BAT-negative patients during the transition from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism. Plasma valine but not leucine and isoleucine correlated positively with insulin and HOMA-IR in hyperthyroidism. Plasma valine, leucine and isoleucine correlated with insulin and HOMA-IR in euthyroidism. Plasma valine correlated with insulin and HOMA-IR in BAT-negative but not in BAT-positive participants in both hyperthyroid and euthyroid state. However, the change (i.e. decrease) in plasma valine concentration from hyperthyroid to euthyroid state was affected by BAT-status. BAT utilizes and promotes BCAA plasma clearance from hyperthyroid to euthyroid state. Active BAT can potentially reduce circulating BCAA and may help to ameliorate insulin resistance and improve metabolic health.Clinical trial registration: The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03064542.
Antimicrobial activity of supramolecular salts of gallium(III) and proflavine and the intriguing case of a trioxalate complex
Authors: Guerrini Marzia , d’Agostino Simone , Grepioni Fabrizia , Braga Dario , Lekhan Andrii , Turner Raymond J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of the gallium oxalate complex [Ga(ox)3]3− as a building block in the formation of a drug-drug salt with the antimicrobial agent proflavine (PF) as its proflavinium cation (HPF+), namely [HPF]3[Ga(ox)3]·4H2O, is reported together with the preparation of the potassium salt K3[Ga(ox)3] and the novel dimeric gallium(III) salt K4[Ga2(ox)4(μ-OH)2]·2H2O. All compounds have been characterized by solid state methods, and their performance as antimicrobial agents has been evaluated by disk diffusion assay against the bacteria strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, and Escherichia coli ATCC25922. While the [HPF]3[Ga(ox)3]·4H2O drug-drug salt is effective against all three strains, the gallium oxalate salt K3[Ga(ox)3] showed impressive selectivity towards P. aeruginosa, with little to no antimicrobial activity against the other two organisms. This work presents novel breakthroughs towards Ga based antimicrobial agents.
White matter integrity changes and neurocognitive functioning in adult-late onset DM1: a follow-up DTI study
Authors: Labayru Garazi , Camino Borja , Jimenez-Marin Antonio , Garmendia Joana , Villanua Jorge , Zulaica Miren , Cortes Jesus M. , López de Munain Adolfo , Sistiaga Andone 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMyotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) is a multisystemic disease that affects gray and white matter (WM) tissues. WM changes in DM1 include increased hyperintensities and altered tract integrity distributed in a widespread manner. However, the precise temporal and spatial progression of the changes are yet undetermined. MRI data were acquired from 8 adult- and late-onset DM1 patients and 10 healthy controls (HC) at two different timepoints over 9.06 years. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) variations were assessed with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. Transversal and longitudinal intra- and intergroup analyses were conducted, along with correlation analyses with clinical and neuropsychological data. At baseline, reduced FA and increased MD values were found in patients in the uncinate, anterior-thalamic, fronto-occipital, and longitudinal tracts. At follow-up, the WM disconnection was shown to have spread from the frontal part to the rest of the tracts in the brain. Furthermore, WM lesion burden was negatively correlated with FA values, while visuo-construction and intellectual functioning were positively correlated with global and regional FA values at follow-up. DM1 patients showed a pronounced WM integrity loss over time compared to HC, with a neurodegeneration pattern that suggests a progressive anterior–posterior disconnection. The visuo-construction domain stands out as the most sensitive neuropsychological measure for WM microstructural impairment.
The effect of oxygen concentration on the speciation of laser ablated uranium
Authors: Burton Mark A. , Auner Alex W. , Crowhurst Jonathan C. , Boone Peter S. , Finney Lauren A. , Weisz David G. , Koroglu Batikan , Jovanovic Igor , Radousky Harry B. , Knight Kim B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn order to model the fate and transport of particles following a nuclear explosion, there must first be an understanding of individual physical and chemical processes that affect particle formation. One interaction pertinent to fireball chemistry and resultant debris formation is that between uranium and oxygen. In this study, we use laser ablation of uranium metal in different concentrations of oxygen gas, either 16O2 or 18O2, to determine the influence of oxygen on rapidly cooling uranium. Analysis of recovered particulates using infrared absorption and Raman spectroscopies indicate that the micrometer-sized particulates are predominantly amorphous UOx (am-UOx, where 3 ≤ x ≤ 4) and UO2 after ablation in 1 atm of pure O2 and a 1% O2/Ar mixture, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of particulates formed in pure O2 suggest an O/U ratio of ~ 3.7, consistent with the vibrational spectroscopy analysis. Both am-UOx and UO2 particulates convert to α-U3O8 when heated. Lastly, experiments performed in 18O2 environments show the formation of 18O-substituted uranium oxides; vibrational frequencies for am-U18Ox are reported for the first time. When compared to literature, this work shows that cooling timescales can affect the structural composition of uranium oxides (i.e., crystalline vs. amorphous). This indicator can be used in current models of nuclear explosions to improve our predicative capabilities of chemical speciation.
High energy storage capabilities of CaCu3Ti4O12 for paper-based zinc–air battery
Authors: Bhardwaj Upasana , Sharma Aditi , Gupta Vinay , Batoo Khalid Mujasam , Hussain Sajjad , Kushwaha H. S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractZinc–air batteries proffer high energy density and cyclic stability at low costs but lack disadvantages like sluggish reactions at the cathode and the formation of by-products at the cathode. To resolve these issues, a new perovskite material, CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO), is proposed as an efficacious electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution/reduction reactions to develop zinc–air batteries (ZAB). Synthesis of this material adopted an effective oxalate route, which led to the purity in the electrocatalyst composition. The CCTO material is a proven potential candidate for energy applications because of its high dielectric permittivity (ε) and occupies an improved ORR-OER activity with better onset potential, current density, and stability. The Tafel value for CCTO was obtained out to be 80 mV dec−1. The CCTO perovskite was also evaluated for the zinc–air battery as an air electrode, corresponding to the high specific capacitance of 801 mAh g−1 with the greater cyclic efficiency and minimum variations in both charge/discharge processes. The highest power density (Pmax) measured was 127 mW cm−2. Also, the CCTO based paper battery shows an excellent performance achieving a specific capacity of 614 mAh g−1. The obtained results promise CCTO as a potential and cheap electrocatalyst for energy applications.
Single 3′-exonuclease-based multifragment DNA assembly method (SENAX)
Authors: Dao Viet Linh , Chan Sheena , Zhang Jingyun , Ngo Russell Kai Jie , Poh Chueh Loo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDNA assembly is a vital process in biotechnology and synthetic biology research, during which DNA plasmids are designed and constructed using bioparts to engineer microorganisms for a wide range of applications. Here, we present an enzymatic homology-based DNA assembly method, SENAX (Stellar ExoNuclease Assembly miX), that can efficiently assemble multiple DNA fragments at ambient temperature from 30 to 37 °C and requires homology overlap as short as 12–18 base pairs. SENAX relies only on a 3′–5′ exonuclease, XthA (ExoIII), followed by Escherichia coli transformation, enabling easy scaling up and optimization. Importantly, SENAX can efficiently assemble short fragments down to 70 bp into a vector, overcoming a key shortcoming of existing commonly used homology-based technologies. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been reported elsewhere using homology-based methods. This advantage leads us to develop a framework to perform DNA assembly in a more modular manner using reusable promoter-RBS short fragments, simplifying the construction process and reducing the cost of DNA synthesis. This approach enables commonly used short bioparts (e.g., promoter, RBS, insulator, terminator) to be reused by the direct assembly of these parts into intermediate constructs. SENAX represents a novel accurate, highly efficient, and automation-friendly DNA assembly method.
Guiding of keV ions between two insulating parallel plates
Authors: DuBois R. D. , Tőkési K. , Giglio E. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExperimental data are presented for low-energy singly charged ion transport between two insulating parallel plates. Using a beam intensity of approximately 20 pA, measurements of the incoming and transmitted beams provide quantitative temporal information about the charge deposited on the plates and the guiding probability. Using a smaller beam intensity (~ 1 pA) plate charging and discharging properties were studied as a function of time. These data imply that both the charge deposition and decay along the surface and through the bulk need to be modeled as acting independently. A further reduction of beam intensity to ~ 25 fA allowed temporal imaging studies of the positions and intensities of the guided beam plus two bypass beams to be performed. SIMION software was used to simulate trajectories of the guided and bypass beams, to provide information about the amount and location of deposited charge and, as a function of charge patch voltage, the probability of beam guiding and how much the bypass beams are deflected plus to provide information about the electric fields. An equivalent electric circuit model of the parallel plates, used to associate the deposited charge with the patch voltage implies that the deposited charge is distributed primarily on the inner surface of the plates, transverse to the beam direction, rather than being distributed throughout the entire plate.
Unexpected malocclusion in a 13,000-Year-old Late Pleistocene young woman from Mexico
Authors: Herrera-Atoche José Rubén , Chatters James C. , Cucina Andrea 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo analyze the etiological factors behind the malocclusion of a Late Pleistocene woman (named Naia), who is the best-preserved of the earliest individuals of the American continent. The examination of Naia’s malocclusion was performed through cephalometric and occlusal analyses, and by measuring her mandible. Her data were then compared to published data for modern, medieval, and postmedieval samples and seven Late Pleistocene individuals. Naia presented her permanent dentition fully erupted, except for the impacted mandibular third molars. She presented a class II molar malocclusion with crowding. The dental widths and mandible measurements were similar to or smaller than modern standards. The degree of dental wear was light. The cephalometric analysis confirmed a skeletal class II relationship, with a retrusive mandible and protruded upper incisors. Naia’s mild level of dental wear is consistent with a low masticatory force, in a time when the norm was a high amount of grinding. The low masticatory forces help explain Naia’s small jaws and crowding. However, it does not clarify Angle’s class II relationship. Naia is an example that environmental factors are insufficient to explain the onset of malocclusions and emphasizes the importance of understanding hereditary factors’ role.
HELP-DKT: an interpretable cognitive model of how students learn programming based on deep knowledge tracing
Authors: Liang Yu , Peng Tianhao , Pu Yanjun , Wu Wenjun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractStudent cognitive models are playing an essential role in intelligent online tutoring for programming courses. These models capture students’ learning interactions and store them in the form of a set of binary responses, thereby failing to utilize rich educational information in the learning process. Moreover, the recent development of these models has been focused on improving the prediction performance and tended to adopt deep neural networks in building the end-to-end prediction frameworks. Although this approach can provide an improved prediction performance, it may also cause difficulties in interpreting the student’s learning status, which is crucial for providing personalized educational feedback. To address this problem, this paper provides an interpretable cognitive model named HELP-DKT, which can infer how students learn programming based on deep knowledge tracing. HELP-DKT has two major advantages. First, it implements a feature-rich input layer, where the raw codes of students are encoded to vector representations, and the error classifications as concept indicators are incorporated. Second, it can infer meaningful estimation of student abilities while reliably predicting future performance. The experiments confirm that HELP-DKT can achieve good prediction performance and present reasonable interpretability of student skills improvement. In practice, HELP-DKT can personalize the learning experience of novice learners.
Evaluation of microbiome enrichment and host DNA depletion in human vaginal samples using Oxford Nanopore’s adaptive sequencing
Authors: Marquet Mike , Zöllkau Janine , Pastuschek Jana , Viehweger Adrian , Schleußner Ekkehard , Makarewicz Oliwia , Pletz Mathias W. , Ehricht Ralf , Brandt Christian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetagenomic sequencing is promising for clinical applications to study microbial composition concerning disease or patient outcomes. Alterations of the vaginal microbiome are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, like preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm birth. Methodologically these samples often have to deal with low relative amounts of prokaryotic DNA and high amounts of host DNA (> 90%), decreasing the overall microbial resolution. Nanopore's adaptive sampling method offers selective DNA depletion or target enrichment to directly reject or accept DNA molecules during sequencing without specialized sample preparation. Here, we demonstrate how selective ‘human host depletion’ resulted in a 1.70 fold (± 0.27 fold) increase in total sequencing depth, providing higher taxonomic profiling sensitivity. At the same time, the microbial composition remains consistent with the control experiments. The complete removal of all human host sequences is not yet possible and should be considered as an ethical approval statement might still be necessary. Adaptive sampling increased microbial sequencing yield in all 15 sequenced clinical routine vaginal samples, making it a valuable tool for clinical surveillance and medical-based research, which can be used in addition to other host depletion methods before sequencing.
Adaptation, psychometric properties and factor structure of the Spanish Quality in Psychiatric Care-Outpatient Staff (QPC-OPS) instrument
Authors: Tomás-Jiménez Manuel , Roldán-Merino Juan , Sanchez-Balcells Sara , Schröder Agneta , Lundqvist Lars-Olov , Puig-Llobet Montserrat , Moreno-Poyato Antonio R. , Domínguez del Campo Marta , Lluch-Canut Maria Teresa 
Published: March 2022

AbstractQuality of care is a multidimensional concept that should include the perspectives of all parties involved. There are few instruments with adequate psychometric properties for the assessment of the quality of psychiatric care in community mental health. Quality in Psychiatric Care-Outpatient Staff (QPC-OPS) instrument has adequate psychometric properties to evaluate the quality of psychiatric care from the perspective of professionals. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the QPC-OPS instrument. The instrument was translated and back-translated, and then was administered to 260 professionals from distinct community mental health services. To assess test–retest reliability, it was re-administered after 7–14 days (n = 157). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed an 8-factor-structure identical to the original version, showing the good fit of the model. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.885. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.847 (95% IC 0.790–0.888), which was higher than 0.70 in all factors bar one. The NT394 General Satisfaction Scale was used for analysis of convergent validity showing a rho correlation of 0.31 (p < 0.0001). Results show that the Spanish version of the QPC-OPS instrument is valid and reliable for the assessment of the quality of psychiatric care in the community setting.
A 1D chiral infinite chain organic metal halide hybrid with excellent SHG switching and moderate spontaneous polarization
Authors: Zhuang Jia-Chang , Tan Yui-Hui , Fan Xiao-Wei , Tang Yun-Zhi , Song Ning , Zhang Yi-Hua , Zhang Hao , Chen Shao-Peng 
Published: March 2022

A 1D chiral lead-free organic metal halide hybrid C8H20Cl5N2O2Sb (1) was successfully synthesized. Compound 1 reveals a phase transition and has a SHG “ON–OFF” switchable property, and also have ferroelectric.
Updated Gaia-2MASS 3D maps of Galactic interstellar dust
Authors: Lallement R. , Vergely J. L. , Babusiaux C. , Cox N. L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Aims. Three-dimensional (3D) maps of Galactic interstellar dust are a tool for a wide range of uses. We aim to construct 3D maps of dust extinction in the Local Arm and surrounding regions.
Methods. To do this, Gaia EDR3 photometric data were combined with 2MASS measurements to derive extinction towards stars with accurate photometry and relative uncertainties on EDR3 parallaxes of less than 20%. We applied our hierarchical inversion algorithm adapted to inhomogeneous spatial distributions of target stars to this catalogue of individual extinctions.
Results. We present the updated 3D dust extinction distribution and provide an estimate of the error on integrated extinctions from the Sun to each area in the 3D map. The full computational area is similar to the one of the previous DR2 map, that is to say with a 6 × 6 × 0.8 kpc3 volume around the Sun. Due to the addition of fainter target stars, the volume in which the clouds can be reconstructed has increased. Due to the improved accuracy of the parallaxes and photometric data in EDR3, extinctions among neighbouring targets are more consistent, allowing one to reach an increased contrast in the dense areas, while cavity contours are more regular. We show several comparisons with recent results on dust and star distributions. The wavy pattern around the Plane of the dust concentrations is better seen and exists over large regions. Its mean vertical peak-to-peak amplitude is of the order of 300 pc; interestingly, it is similar to the vertical period of the spectacular snail-shaped stellar kinematical pattern discovered in Gaia data.
Conclusions. The Gaia EDR3 catalogue allows for a significant improvement of the extinction maps to be made, both in extent and quality. The hierarchical technique confirms its efficiency in the inversion of massive datasets. Future comparisons between 3D maps of interstellar matter and stellar distributions may help to understand which mergers or internal perturbations have shaped the Galaxy within the first 3 kpc.
Normaldruckglaukome
Authors: Prokosch Verena , Zwingelberg Sarah Barbara , Mercieca Karl 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDas Normaldruckglaukom wird definiert wird als primär chronisches Offenwinkelglaukom, bei dem kein erhöhter Augeninnendruck vorliegt. Trotz normalem Augeninnendruck ist das primäre Ziel der
Behandlung die Augeninnendrucksenkung, mit der es gelingen kann, die Erkrankung aufzuhalten. Dieser Artikel soll eine Übersicht über Epidemiologie, Ätiologie, Pathogenese, klinische Befunde
sowie Therapien geben.
Strukturierte Auswertung der multiparametrischen MRT der Mamma
Authors: Baltzer Pascal A. T. , Krug Barbara , Dietzel Matthias 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDie MRT der Brust gilt als das sensitivste Verfahren zum Nachweis von Brustkrebs. Bleiben die konventionellen Befunde unklar, ist die MRT ein hochspezifisches diagnostisches Verfahren, mit
dem sich Biopsien vermeiden lassen. Aktueller Standard ist dabei die multiparametrische MRM, die Kombination aus T2w, diffusionsgewichteten und kontrastangehobenen T1w Aufnahmen.
Ultraschall bei COVID-19-Patienten
Authors: Jung Ernst Michael , Stroszczynski Christian , Wiesinger Isabel 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungMit anhaltender Coronapandemie kommt dem Ultraschall als Real-Time-Bildgebung immer größere Bedeutung zu. Er ermöglicht u. a. eine frühe Diagnostik peripherer Lungenveränderungen. Eine
nachfolgende mögliche Fibrosierung lässt sich mithilfe der Elastografie nachweisen, Mikroembolien und Infarkte lassen sich mithilfe der CEUS einschätzen. Bereits mit einfachen Geräten sind
Pleuraergüsse und freie Flüssigkeit sehr selektiv zu erkennen.