bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Modeling of Experimental Diffuse Axonal Injury: A Parametric Analysis
Authors: Zhou Chun , King Albert I. , Khalil Tawfik B. , Yang King-Hay , Meaney David F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A parametric study on the material properties of the brain tissues was conducted using the 2-D porcine brain model developed by Zhou et al (1994). The animal test condition by Meaney et al (1993) was simulated. Four points in the DAI regions were chosen for evaluation. Changes due to variation of material properties were investigated in terms of shear stress distribution, shear stress magnitude, shear strain magnitude, shear stress time history, shear strain time history, and strain rate. Base on the simulation results, a stress criterion of 20 kPa and a strain criterion of 0.20 were proposed for DAI to occur in the mini pigs. Shear stress/strain contours can be used for DAI predictions. Diffuse axonal injury was found to occur in areas where higher shear stresses or strains persisted for relatively longer periods during impact. It was estimated that the instantaneous shear modulus is in the range of 40 kPa to 120 kPa and the long term shear modulus is in the range of 5 kPa to 8 kPa. The decay factor should be within the range of 350 s−1 and 700 s−1.
Numerical Simulation of Side Impact Sled Tests With Chambered Side Airbag
Authors: Palaniappan Pal , Maripudi Vivek , Wipasuramonton Paul , Tanavde Anand S. , Gudipaty Krish 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This work describes side impact numerical simulation methodology. It also demonstrates an application of PAM-SAFE finite element program to simulate complex interaction among the vehicle-door system, chambered side airbag, and EUROSID-1 dummy in a side impact sled test which was conducted to meet (EEVC) European side impact standards. The simulation methodology developed herein can be utilized in performing parametric studies to optimize the effectiveness of padding and side airbag system. A typical sled simulation without airbag takes approximately one and a half hours of CPU time on high-end engineering workstations. Problems encountered in modeling dummy and chamber side airbag are also discussed. This study also illustrates effectiveness of head-thorax side impact airbag used with door padding, in improving occupant protection.
Driving PWA Thermomechanical Analysis From Step AP210 Product Models
Authors: Tamburini Diego R. , Peak Russell S. , Fulton Robert E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper describes experiences using the STEP AP210 Printed Wiring Assembly (PWA) product model to drive engineering analysis. It describes how this product design data is mapped into an intermediate analyzable representation (the Analyzable Product Model, or APM) which supports the information requirements of several thermomechanical analyses, including product idealizations. Examples from the DARPA-sponsored TIGER project are included, in which AP210 models were generated from the Mentor Graphics board layout tool. The paper describes other issues encountered such as how to integrate product data that spans more than one tool, how to add missing analysis data that is not generated during design, and how to use data stored in the APM from different programming environments.
Experiences show the value of semantically rich product models like STEP AP210 for analysis integration (vs. straight geometry-oriented models like AP203). However, the multi-fidelity idealization nature of analysis leads to an insatiable information appetite that no product model, no matter how rich, can continually satisfy. Thus, the APM technique is necessary as a general link to design tools in order to harmonize diverse data and add idealizations and missing data. Overall, experiences in TIGER confirmed the basic thrusts of the APM approach and its usage of STEP.
Advances in Stress Test Chips
Authors: Jaeger Richard C. , Suhling Jeffrey C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Structural reliability of integrated circuit chips in electronic packages continues to be a major concern due to ever increasing die size, circuit densities, power dissipation, and operating temperatures. A powerful method for experimental evaluation of die stress distributions is the use of test chips incorporating integral piezoresistive sensors, and this paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art in silicon piezoresistive stress sensor test chips.
Resistive rosettes on (100) silicon can be used to measure as many as four components of the six-component stress state whereas advanced test chips based upon (111) silicon can measure the complete stress state. However, not all of the measurements can be performed in a temperature compensated manner which is required for high accuracy results.
Classic resistor rosettes suffer from reduced sensitivity due to high doping levels, and they measure values of the die surface stress averaged over a relatively large area. Advanced stress sensors based upon the piezoresistive response of field-effect transistors are expected to provide improved sensitivity and highly localized measurement of stress sensitivity. Localized high sensitivity measurement can also be provided by new van der Pauw stress sensors.
Ultrasonic Time-Frequency Characterization of Silicon Wafers at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Suh C. Steve , Rabroker G. Andrew , Burger Christian P. , Chona Ravinder 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A methodology to characterize and quantify the thermo-mechanical properties of silicon wafers is presented. The method applies broadband Thermo-Acousto-Photonic (TAP) NDE techniques to both generate and detect analyzing guided Lamb waves in wafer structures. Optically induced, dispersive acoustic waves carry important information pertaining to the variation of mechanical properties due to temperature changes. To quantify the variation as functions of temperature, a spline-wavelet based fast integral wavelet transform is employed to identify the temporal progression of the multi-modal structure of dispersive waveguide modes. These results are then used to extract group velocities of particular frequency components of interest. Examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method on experimental data acquired using the Fiber Tip Interferometer (FTI) system developed at Texas A&M University.
Calibrated Fracture Process Zone Models for Polyimide/Metal Blisters
Authors: Shirani A. , Liechti K. M. , Boerio F. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of this work was to determine the adhesive fracture energies associated with various interfaces that were produced by different methods of applying polyimide to an aluminum substrate. Due to the relatively small thicknesses of the polyimide films, blister tests were considered most appropriate. Nonetheless, a considerable amount of global yielding was anticipated (Shirani and Liechti, 1994), even for peninsula blisters. In order to make sure that extracted adhesive fracture values were not masked by global yielding effects, a fracture process zone modeling approach (Needleman, 1990 and Tvergaard and Hutchinson, 1993) was taken.
Systematic Design Techniques for High-Speed Propulsor Blades
Authors: Griffin Paul E. , Kinnas Spyros A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study uses a non-linear optimization method coupled with a vortex lattice cavitating propeller analysis method to design efficient propeller blades. Different constraints are imposed to improve propeller design. Several advancements in the method are shown, including the option for quadratic skew, user specified skew distribution, and a constraint limiting the minimum pressure in wetted regions of the blade. Results for a series of fully wetted runs demonstrate the effectiveness of the constraint on minimum pressure in preventing the onset of bubble or mid-chord cavitation. A comparison of a design in uniform inflow with a design in nonuniform inflow indicates that a propeller designed by the present method in non-uniform inflow has more favorable cavitating flow characteristics than a propeller design assuming uniform inflow. Results are also shown for a series of runs utilizing the cavity constraints. These results indicate that the present method can be used to improve on propeller designs by imposing constraints on the cavity area and cavity volume velocity harmonics, as well as by using a quadratic skew distribution.
Effect of Acetaminophen on Endurance Cycling Performance in Trained Triathletes in Hot and Humid Conditions
Authors: Wijekulasuriya Gyan A. , Coffey Vernon G. , Badham Luke , O’Connor Fergus , Sharma Avish P. , Cox Gregory R. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The effect of acetaminophen (ACT, also known as paracetamol) on endurance performance in hot and humid conditions has been shown previously in recreationally active populations. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ACT on physiological and perceptual variables during steady-state and time-trial cycling performance of trained triathletes in hot and humid conditions. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind crossover design, 11 triathletes completed ∼60 minutes steady-state cycling at 63% peak power output followed by a time trial (7 kJ·kg body mass−1, ∼30 min) in hot and humid conditions (∼30°C, ∼69% relative humidity) 60 minutes after consuming either 20 mg·kg body mass−1 ACT or a color-matched placebo. Time-trial completion time, gastrointestinal temperature, skin temperature, thermal sensation, thermal comfort, rating of perceived exertion, and fluid balance were recorded throughout each session. Results: There was no difference in performance in the ACT trial compared with placebo (P = .086, d = 0.57), nor were there differences in gastrointestinal and skin temperature, thermal sensation and comfort, or fluid balance between trials. Conclusion: In conclusion, there was no effect of ACT (20 mg·kg body mass−1) ingestion on physiology, perception, and performance of trained triathletes in hot and humid conditions, and existing precooling and percooling strategies appear to be more appropriate for endurance cycling performance in the heat.
Inpatient pharmacists using a readmission risk model in supporting discharge medication reconciliation to reduce unplanned hospital readmissions: a quality improvement intervention
Authors: Gallagher David , Greenland Maegan , Lindquist Desirae , Sadolf Lisa , Scully Casey , Knutsen Kristian , Zhao Congwen , Goldstein Benjamin A , Burgess Lindsey 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionReducing unplanned hospital readmissions is an important priority for all hospitals and health systems. Hospital discharge can be complicated by discrepancies in the medication reconciliation and/or prescribing processes. Clinical pharmacist involvement in the medication reconciliation process at discharge can help prevent these discrepancies and possibly reduce unplanned hospital readmissions.MethodsWe report the results of our quality improvement intervention at Duke University Hospital, in which pharmacists were involved in the discharge medication reconciliation process on select high-risk general medicine patients over 2 years (2018–2020). Pharmacists performed traditional discharge medication reconciliation which included a review of medications for clinical appropriateness and affordability. A total of 1569 patients were identified as high risk for hospital readmission using the Epic readmission risk model and had a clinical pharmacist review the discharge medication reconciliation.ResultsThis intervention was associated with a significantly lower 7-day readmission rate in patients who scored high risk for readmission and received pharmacist support in discharge medication reconciliation versus those patients who did not receive pharmacist support (5.8% vs 7.6%). There was no effect on readmission rates of 14 or 30 days. The clinical pharmacists had at least one intervention on 67% of patients reviewed and averaged 1.75 interventions per patient.ConclusionThis quality improvement study showed that having clinical pharmacists intervene in the discharge medication reconciliation process in patients identified as high risk for readmission is associated with lower unplanned readmission rates at 7 days. The interventions by pharmacists were significant and well received by ordering providers. This study highlights the important role of a clinical pharmacist in the discharge medication reconciliation process.
Comparing antibiotic prescribing between clinicians in UK primary care: an analysis in a cohort study of eight different measures of antibiotic prescribing
Authors: Van Staa Tjeerd , Li Yan , Gold Natalie , Chadborn Tim , Welfare William , Palin Victoria , Ashcroft Darren M , Bircher Joanna 
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThere is a need to reduce antimicrobial uses in humans. Previous studies have found variations in antibiotic (AB) prescribing between practices in primary care. This study assessed variability of AB prescribing between clinicians.MethodsClinical Practice Research Datalink, which collects electronic health records in primary care, was used to select anonymised clinicians providing 500+ consultations during 2012–2017. Eight measures of AB prescribing were assessed, such as overall and incidental AB prescribing, repeat AB courses and extent of risk-based prescribing. Poisson regression models with random effect for clinicians were fitted.Results6111 clinicians from 466 general practices were included. Considerable variability between individual clinicians was found for most AB measures. For example, the rate of AB prescribing varied between 77.4 and 350.3 per 1000 consultations; percentage of repeat AB courses within 30 days ranged from 13.1% to 34.3%; predicted patient risk of hospital admission for infection-related complications in those prescribed AB ranged from 0.03% to 0.32% (5th and 95th percentiles). The adjusted relative rate between clinicians in rates of AB prescribing was 5.23. Weak correlation coefficients (<0.5) were found between most AB measures. There was considerable variability in case mix seen by clinicians. The largest potential impact to reduce AB prescribing could be around encouraging risk-based prescribing and addressing repeat issues of ABs. Reduction of repeat AB courses to prescribing habit of median clinician would save 21 813 AB prescriptions per 1000 clinicians per year.ConclusionsThe wide variation seen in all measures of AB prescribing and weak correlation between them suggests that a single AB measure, such as prescribing rate, is not sufficient to underpin the optimisation of AB prescribing.
Flare rates and factors determining flare occurrence in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who achieved low disease activity or remission: results from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Hao Yanjie , Ji Lanlan , Gao Dai , Fan Yong , Geng Yan , Zhang Xiaohui , Li Guangtao , Zhang Zhuoli 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the frequency and determinants of flare in Chinese patients with lupus, focusing on the effect of glucocorticoid (GC) tapering on flare in patients who achieved low disease activity or remission.MethodsWe collected baseline and follow-up data from all consecutive patients in a prospective lupus cohort between January 2017 and December 2020. We defined low disease activity using the lupus low disease activity status (LLDAS), applied the DORIS (Definitions of Remission in SLE) for remission criteria and then assessed flare using the SELENA-SLEDAI Flare Index.ResultsAmong a total of 185 patients enrolled, 139 exhibited low disease activity or remission with a median follow-up of 29.8 (21.2–35.2) months. The flare rates after achievement of LLDAS, clinical remission and complete remission on treatment were 0.23, 0.12 and 0.1 per patient-year, respectively. In contrast, the flare rate of patients who never achieved remission or LLDAS was 0.49 per patient-year. In patients with LLDAS or remission achievement, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that lower C3 level at the time of first achieving LLDAS or clinical remission was an independent predictive factor for subsequent flares. Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significantly lower flare-free survival during the subsequent follow-up in patients with GC withdrawal compared with those maintained on a low dose of prednisone (≤7.5 mg/day) (HR=6.94, 95% CI 1.86 to 25.86, p=0.004). However, no significant differences in flare were observed in patients maintained on different low doses of prednisone (>5 mg/day and ≤7.5 mg/day vs >2.5 mg/day and ≤5 mg/day vs >0 mg/day and ≤2.5 mg/day) (p=0.200).ConclusionsTarget achievement significantly lowered the rate of subsequent flare, from the perspective of both stricter targets and longer period in targets. C3 level was a strong predictor of flare in patients who have achieved treatment targets. Although GC tapering to minimal doses was feasible, its withdrawal may accelerate the risk of recurrence.
Association of opioid exposure before surgery with opioid consumption after surgery
Authors: Bicket Mark C , Gunaseelan Vidhya , Lagisetty Pooja , Fernandez Anne C , Bohnert Amy , Assenmacher Elizabeth , Sequeira Melwyn , Englesbe Michael J , Brummett Chad M , Waljee Jennifer F 
Published: March 2022

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of prescription opioid use in the year before surgery on opioid consumption after surgery.BackgroundRecently developed postoperative opioid prescribing guidelines rely on data from opioid-naïve patients. However, opioid use in the USA is common, and the impact of prior opioid exposure on the consumption of opioids after surgery is unclear.MethodsPopulation-based cohort study of 26,001 adults 18 years of age and older who underwent one of nine elective general or gynecologic surgical procedures between January 1, 2017 and October 31, 2019, with prospectively collected patient-reported data from the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative (MSQC) linked to state prescription drug monitoring program at 70 MSQC-participating hospitals on 30-day patient-reported opioid consumption in oral morphine equivalents (OME) (primary outcome).ResultsCompared with opioid-naïve participants, opioid-exposed participants (26% of sample) consumed more prescription opioids after surgery (adjusted OME difference 12, 95% CI 10 to 14). Greater opioid exposure was associated with higher postoperative consumption in a dose-dependent manner, with chronic users reporting the greatest consumption (additional OMEs 32, 95% CI 21 to 42). However, for eight of nine procedures, 90% of opioid-exposed participants consumed ≤150 OMEs. Among those receiving perioperative prescriptions, opioid-exposed participants had higher likelihood of refill (adjusted OR 4.7, 95% CI 4.4 to 5.1), number of refills (adjusted incidence rate ratio 4.0, 95% CI 3.7 to 4.3), and average refill amount (adjusted OME difference 333, 95% CI 292 to 374)).ConclusionsPreoperative opioid use is associated with small increases in patient-reported opioid consumption after surgery for most patients, though greater differences exist for patients with chronic use. For most patients with preoperative opioid exposure, existing guidelines may meet their postoperative needs. However, guidelines may need tailoring for patients with chronic use, and providers should anticipate a higher likelihood of postoperative refills for all opioid-exposed patients.
Influence of tea-Pleurotus ostreatus intercropping on soil fungal diversity and community structure
Authors: Ma Zhanxia , Tanalgo Krizler C. , Xu Qiuli , Li Weitao , Wu Shanshan , Ji Qing , Pan Gengyun , Wang Ruifang 
Published: March 2022

Understanding the relationship between soil fungal communities and soil function is vital to establish a sustainable and ecologically friendly tea (Camellia sinensis L.) cultivation. However, there is limited research on the response of soil fungal communities to tea-fungus intercropping, particularly how it is related to soil biodiversity and fertility. Here, we assessed and compared the fungal communities using a metabarcoding technique, soil properties in three plantations (1, 2, and 5 yr of tea-Pleurotus intercropping plantations), and a 5 yr chemically fertilized monoculture plantation. We obtained a total of 3493 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from four tea plantations. Five hundred and ninety-three fungal OTUs are shared by all plantations, and the other 471 fungal OTUs are shared by three plantations. The largest number of OTUs was recorded in 5 yr tea-Pleurotus intercropped plantations (N = 2040), followed by 2 yr (N = 2024) and then 1 yr (N = 1471), while the chemically fertilized plantation recorded 1823 OTUs. Tea-Pleurotus intercropping showed a significant effect on the increased diversity of soil fungal diversity compared with the monoculture tea cultivations. Fungal groups Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota were the most abundant taxonomic groups recorded in all soil samples. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that fungal community composition in tea-Pleurotus intercropped plantations and monoculture tea plantations was significantly different. Besides, redundancy analysis revealed that soil nutrients significantly influence soil fungal community composition. Our results demonstrate that tea-Pleurotus intercropping may offer long-term benefits to soil biodiversity and sustainable benefits in the tea plantations.
Flavour and CP symmetries in the inverse seesaw
Authors: Hagedorn C. , Kriewald J. , Orloff J. , Teixeira A. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe consider an inverse seesaw mechanism of neutrino mass generation in which the Standard Model is extended by $$3+3$$

3
+
3

(heavy) sterile states, and endowed with a flavour symmetry $$G_f$$

G
f

, $$G_f=\Delta (3 \, n^2)$$

G
f

=
Δ

(
3

n
2

)

or $$G_f=\Delta (6 \, n^2)$$

G
f

=
Δ

(
6

n
2

)

, and a CP symmetry. These symmetries are broken in a peculiar way, so that in the charged lepton sector a residual symmetry $$G_\ell $$

G
ℓ

is preserved, while the neutral fermion sector remains invariant under the residual symmetry $$G_\nu =Z_2 \times CP$$

G
ν

=

Z
2

×
C
P

. We study the concrete setup, where the Majorana mass term for three of the sterile states conserves $$G_\nu $$

G
ν

, while the remaining mass terms (i.e. couplings of left-handed leptons and heavy sterile states, as well as the Dirac-type couplings among the latter) do not break the flavour or CP symmetry. We perform a comprehensive analysis of lepton mixing for different classes of residual symmetries, giving examples for each of these, and study in detail the impact of the additional sterile states on the predictions for lepton mixing. We further confront our results with those obtained in the model-independent scenario, in which the light neutrino mass matrix leaves the residual symmetry $$G_\nu $$

G
ν

intact. We consider the phenomenological impact of the inverse seesaw mechanism endowed with flavour and CP symmetries, in particular concerning effects of non-unitarity of the lepton mixing matrix (which strongly constrain the parameter space of the scenario), prospects for neutrinoless double beta decay and for charged lepton flavour violating processes.