bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1134-P: Interlaboratory Standardization of C-Peptide Assays Using Certified Reference Material Corrected for Peptide Modifications
Authors: WU ZENGRU , KABYTAEV KUANYSH , MU JIANYING , CONNOLLY SHAWN , MCPHAUL MICHAEL J. , LITTLE RANDIE R. 
Published: May 2022

The standardization of C-peptide assays is highly desirable objective. Our groups have employed the use of a Certified Reference Material (CRM) to calibrate their respective measurement procedures and comparison studies have demonstrated good agreement between the two laboratories [Figure]. Although it was the original choice, The National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) CRM has not always been available. However, a new material from Cerilliant (C-161-0.1ML) proved equally well defined. Both materials include known amounts of pure C-peptide and small amounts of deamidated and pyroglutamated forms (Cerilliant Lot# FN0422195.6% modified; NMIJ CRM 6901-b, Lot# 058 1.9% modified) . The C-peptide CRMs from Cerilliant and from NMIJ behave identically when the mass concentration of the unmodified C-peptide is used to assign calibrator concentrations. To avoid potential bias, we conclude that the mass concentration of unmodified C-peptide (not the mass concentration of total C-peptide) in CRM should be used when making calibrators for mass spectrometry C-peptide assays to achieve comparable patient results. Variation in the relative amount of modified C-peptide is an obstacle to standardization, especially when comparing mass spectrometry-based assays with immunoassays, which use total C-peptide for calibration.

Disclosure
Z.Wu: Employee; Quest Diagnostics. K.Kabytaev: None. J.Mu: None. S.Connolly: None. M.J.Mcphaul: Employee; Quest Diagnostics. R.R.Little: None.

Funding
NIH/NIDDK (1UC4DK096587-01)
1141-P: HDL Particle Concentration, Cholesterol Efflux Capacity, and All-Cause Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: COSTACOU TINA , MILLER RACHEL G. , ORCHARD TREVOR J. , VAISAR TOMAS 
Published: May 2022

Recent evidence suggests that HDL particle concentration (HDL-P) and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) are better predictors of coronary artery disease than HDL-C in type 1 diabetes (T1D) . We hypothesized that these novel HDL markers also predict all-cause mortality better than HDL-C in T1D. HDL-P (calibrated ion mobility analysis) and CEC (validated cell-based assay) were quantified in the first available stored sample from 550 Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study participants with childhood onset (&lt;17 years) T1D (baseline mean age 27.8 years and T1D duration, 19.6 years) . Vital status was assessed as of September 30, 2019. During a median follow-up of 26 years, there were 167 deaths. At analytic baseline, deceased were older, with longer T1D duration and a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile compared with survivors. In Cox proportional hazards models, after multivariable adjustments including for HDL-C, the concentration of total HDL-P (T-HDL-P, HR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.84-0.96) and that of three of the four major HDL subpopulations - extra small (XS-HDL-P, HR=0.44, 0.21-0.90) , small (S-HDL-P, HR=0.74, 0.60-0.93) and medium (M-HDL-P, HR=0.80, 0.70-0.91) particles - were associated with a lower mortality risk. Marginal protective associations were also observed for the concentration of large-sized particles (L-HDL-P, HR=0.84, 0.68-1.06) , as well as for CEC (HRs per SD was 0.86 (0.74-1.00) and 0.86 (0.73-1.01) for overall J774 and ABCA1-specific CEC, respectively) . These results remained largely unchanged by further adjustment for HDL-P (in the case of HDL-C and CEC) or APOA1 and triglyceride concentrations (for HDL-P) and were similar by sex. HDL-C was not a significant predictor of mortality in either univariate or multivariable analyses. Our findings show that higher HDL-P concentrations are negatively associated with mortality in T1D independent of other risk factors.

Disclosure
T.Costacou: None. R.G.Miller: Stock/Shareholder; Becton, Dickinson and Company. T.J.Orchard: None. T.Vaisar: Consultant; AstraZeneca.

Funding
National Institutes of Health (R01HL130153 and R01DK034818) and the Rossi Memorial Fund.
1150-P: Ethnic Differences in 25-Year Risk of Incident Chronic Kidney Disease among People with Type 2 Diabetes in New Zealand
Authors: YU DAHAI , OSUAGWU UCHECHUKWU L. , BAKER JOHN , CUTFIELD RICHARD G. , ORR-WALKER BRANDON J. , ZHAO ZHANZHENG , PICKERING KAREN A. , JAYANATHA KALPA , SIMMONS DAVID 
Published: May 2022

Background: Ethnic differences exist in the risk of end stage kidney disease in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) . We compared the risk of developing CKD stages II-V between Māori, Pasifika, and NZ Europeans (NZE) with T2DM in NZ over a 25-year period.
Methods: We linked a large primary care audit program to national registration databases. Those with CKD II-V were excluded. A tapered matching method was used to balance potential confounders. Comparative cohorts were formed separately between NZE and Māori, and between NZE and Pasifika. Cox regression tested for ethnic group differences in future risk of any and each CKD stage between 1994 and 2018.
Results: Compared with NZE (n=2028) , the hazard ratios (HR) for developing any CKD, CKD stages II thru V for Māori (n=2215) were 1.18 (95% CI: 0.99-1.41) , 1. (0.91-1.32) , 1.70 (1.19-2.43) , 3.93 (2.16-7.14) and 3.74 (1.74-8.05) respectively. The HR for Pasifika (n=3101) compared with NZE (n=2474) for developing any CKD, CKD stages II thru V were 1.31 (1.09-1.57) , 1.26 (1.05-1.52) , 1.71 (1.14-2.57) , 3.75 (1.40-10.05) and 4.96 (1.56-15.75) respectively. Figures A-D show the risks of CKD II and CKD IV/V among NZE (blue) and Māori/Pasifika over time.
Conclusion: Significant ethnic differences exist in the risk of progressing to each stage of CKD (especially stage V) among people with T2DM in NZ. Research into the mechanisms underlying these differences are warranted.

Disclosure
D.Yu: None. U.L.Osuagwu: None. J.Baker: n/a. R.G.Cutfield: None. B.J.Orr-walker: None. Z.Zhao: None. K.A.Pickering: None. K.Jayanatha: None. D.Simmons: Other Relationship; Elsevier, Research Support; Abbott, Hitachi, Ltd., Novo Nordisk, Speaker's Bureau; Sanofi.
1157-P: Mortality among People with Diabetes Experiencing Hypoglycemic and Hyperglycemic Crises
Authors: MCCOY ROZALINA G. , HERRIN JEPH , SWARNA KAVYA SINDHU , GALINDO RODOLFO J. , UMPIERREZ GUILLERMO E. , GOLDEN SHERITA , O'CONNOR PATRICK J. 
Published: May 2022

Severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia (ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state) are common yet potentially preventable acute complications of diabetes. Our objectives were to use national data from OptumLabs® Data Warehouse, 2011-2020, to 1) characterize trends in all-cause mortality among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) experiencing emergency department visits or hospitalizations for hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia;2) extend analyses through 2020 to assess the impact of the COVID-pandemic; and3) examine racial/ethnic and gender disparities in subsequent mortality adjusted for relevant patient characteristics. Among 4,164 adults with T1DM experiencing hypoglycemia, 30-day and 1-year mortality increased from 0.5% to 0.9% and 4.7% to 6.1%. Among 49,931 adults with T2DM experiencing hypoglycemia, 30-day and 1-year mortality were stable at 2.1-2.0% and 16.2-16.1%. Among 4,698 adults with T1DM experiencing hyperglycemia, 30-day and 1-year mortality increased from 0.4% to 1.0% and 2.7% to 5.9%, respectively. Among 17,123 adults with T2DM experiencing hyperglycemia, 30-day and 1-year mortality increased from 2.5% to 3.0% and 11.5% to 13.1%. Table shows differences in mortality rates by age, race/ethnicity, gender. These results call for proactive engagement of high risk individuals experiencing severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia to reduce their risk of death.

Disclosure
R.G.Mccoy: Consultant; Emmi. J.Herrin: Consultant; Johnson & Johnson Medical Devices Companies. K.Swarna: None. R.J.Galindo: Advisory Panel; Sanofi, WW International, Inc., Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk. G.E.Umpierrez: Research Support; AstraZeneca, Dexcom, Inc., Novo Nordisk. S.Golden: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diabetes, Medtronic. P.J.O'connor: None.

Funding
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases grant number K23DK114497
1161-P: Race-Stratified Association between Hyperglycemia Severity and Control and Microalbuminuria
Authors: VISARIA AAYUSH , HAMEED FARIHA , REDDY SHIVANI , RAVAL BRINDA A. , SHARMA AKARSH , NAGARAJ BHARATH 
Published: May 2022

Background: It is unclear how hyperglycemia severity & control impact the likelihood of microalbuminuria (MA) , an early sign of microvascular damage, across different races/ethnicities.
Methods: We included 14,355 adults aged ≥20 years with eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2, urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) &lt;300 mg/g, and without CVD from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. MA was defined in this study as ACR ≥20 mg/g. We assessed the impact of HbA1c% (divided into sextiles) , disease stage, and diabetes (DM) control, on odds of MA using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for covariates, accounting for survey design, and stratifying by race/ethnicity (Table) .
Results: Across all race/ethnicities, prediabetes, controlled & uncontrolled DM, and untreated DM were associated with increased odds of MA, albeit of varying significance (Table) . Asians with prediabetes had 46% higher adjusted odds of MA. DM control modified the effect of DM on odds of MA (p-interaction &lt;0.001) . There was a dose-dependent increase in MA with increasing sextile of HbA1c% (p-trend&lt;0.0001) . The increase in MA was significant at HbA1c%≥5.4% among Hispanics and Asians, ≥5.6% among Whites, and ≥6.0% among Blacks (Table) .
Conclusions: Patients with prediabetes may have increased likelihood of MA, with potentially lower HbA1c thresholds among Asian American and Hispanic adults.

Disclosure
A.Visaria: None. F.Hameed: None. S.Reddy: None. B.A.Raval: None. A.Sharma: None. B.Nagaraj: None.
1162-P: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: ELEDRISI MOHSEN , ABOAWON MALK K. , ALKABBANI HAIFAA M. , ALI AYA A. , ALABDULRAZZAK IMAD , ELHAJ MAAB F. , AHMED ASHRAF O.E. , ALQAHWACHI HAZIM , DAGHFAL JOANNE , BESHYAH SALEM A. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of uncontrolled diabetes that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
Objective: We aimed to examine clinical characteristics and care outcomes for patients hospitalized for DKA.
Methods: We reviewed the hospital database for patients who were admitted with DKA from 2015 to 2020 in government hospitals in Qatar. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, the severity of DKA, complications, need for admission to the intensive care unit, length of hospital stay, time to resolution of DKA, and mortality rates were evaluated in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) compared to those with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) .
Results: A total of 1613 episodes of DKA in 1330 patients (39.3% with T1DM and 60.7% with T2DM) were evaluated. Non-adherence to therapy was the commonest cause (40.5%) of DKA in patients with T1DM, while infection was the commonest cause (32.9%) in those with T2DM. There was no difference in the severity of DKA, mean serum glucose, mean serum sodium, and arterial pH on presentation in both groups of patients. Both groups had poorly controlled glucose (mean HbA1c of 10.1% and 10.5% in T1DM and T2DM groups respectively) . There was no difference in the time to resolution of DKA (18 hours in the T1DM group and 20 hours in the T2DM group) . Patients with T2DM had higher rates of admission to the intensive care unit (39.1% vs. 26.9% for T1DM, p&lt;0.001) , longer hospital stay (mean 5 days vs. 2 days in the T1DM group, p&lt;0.001) , while patients with T1DM had higher rates of recurrent DKA (35.6% vs. 21.2% in the T2DM group, p&lt;0.001) . Mortality rates were significantly higher in patients with T2DM compared to those with T1DM patients (7.6% vs. 0.95%, respectively, p&lt;0.001) .
Conclusion: In this cohort study, poorly controlled glucose was prevalent among patients admitted with DKA. Despite higher rates of recurrent DKA in patients with T1DM, those with T2DM had more complicated hospital course and higher mortality.

Disclosure
M.Eledrisi: None. S.A.Beshyah: None. M.K.Aboawon: None. H.M.Alkabbani: None. A.A.Ali: None. I.Alabdulrazzak: None. M.Elhaj: None. A.O.E.Ahmed: None. H.Alqahwachi: None. J.Daghfal: None.
1170-P: Long-Term Effects of Lifestyle Changes in Subjects with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes on Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: ZUCATTI KELLY P. , TEIXEIRA PAULA P. , WAYERBACHER LAURA F. , FRANKENBERG ANIZE D. , GUERRA BRUNO A. , PICCOLI GIOVANA F. , MORESCO KARLA S. , FARENZENA LAURA , MADURE MICHELLE G. , FONSECA NATASHA , CORREIA POLIANA , BRIETZKE ELISA , HALPERN BRUNO , COLPANI VERÔNICA , GERCHMAN FERNANDO 
Published: May 2022

Long-term RCTs have shown that lifestyle interventions (LI) can prevent T2DM in individuals with prediabetes, improve glycemic control in individuals with T2DM, as well as improve lipid profile and lower blood pressure in both. However, the impact of these interventions on cardiovascular (CV) and total mortality is still not clear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the long-term efficacy of LI on CV and all-cause mortality in subjects with prediabetes and T2DM. We searched PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, Web of Science, protocol records, and reference lists of relevant publications until December 2021. We selected RCTs including adults with prediabetes and T2DM that evaluated LI with at least 2 years of duration, with or without post-trial follow-up. The main outcomes consisted of CV and all-cause mortality. We used the RoB 2.0 tool to evaluate the risk of bias and the GRADE approach for the overall certainty of evidence. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects method. We identified 22,900 records, of which studies registred all-cause mortality events (16,554 participants, mean age 55.5 years, mean BMI 30.5 Kg/m2, 9.9 years of follow-up) , and 5 reported CV mortality events (11,017 participants, mean age 54.5 years, and mean BMI 31.8 Kg/m2, 14.8 years of follow-up) . LI did not reduce the risk of CV mortality (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.74 to 1.21; I2=38%; moderate certainty of the evidence) and all-cause mortality (RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.85 to 1.03; I2=15%; high certainty of the evidence) compared with usual care. This meta-analysis of RCTs demonstrated that intensive LI was not superior to usual care in reducing CV and all-cause mortality for subjects with prediabetes and T2DM. However, there is still insufficient evidence demonstrating the effect of long-term cardioprotective LI on mortality in this specific population.

Disclosure
K.P.Zucatti: None. N.Fonseca: None. P.Correia: None. E.Brietzke: Speaker's Bureau; Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. B.Halpern: None. V.Colpani: None. F.Gerchman: None. P.P.Teixeira: None. L.F.Wayerbacher: None. A.D.Frankenberg: None. B.A.Guerra: None. G.F.Piccoli: None. K.S.Moresco: None. L.Farenzena: None. M.G.Madure: None.
1178-P: Current Situations in Dietary Intake and Physical Activity in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: JDCP Study
Authors: HORIKAWA CHIKA , TSUDA KINSUKE , SATOH JO , HAYASHINO YASUAKI , TAJIMA NAOKO , NISHIMURA RIMEI , SONE HIROHITO 
Published: May 2022

Medical nutrition therapy and exercise therapy are the cornerstones of treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes; however, there has not been a nationwide study on the actual dietary intake and physical activity status of patients since the 2000s. We aimed to clarify this in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes using data from the Japan Diabetes Complication and its Prevention prospective (JDCP) , a nationwide study launched in 2007. A total of 1,992 patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 40-75 years, completed either the Brief-type, self-administered Diet History Questionnaire (1,643 patients) or International Physical Activity Questionnaire (1,834 patients) , and their data were analyzed in this study. Mean daily energy intake for all participants was 1686.8 kcal/day, and the mean proportions of carbohydrate, protein, and fat comprising total energy intake were 60.2, 16.2, and 23.6%, respectively. The patients in this study had similar energy and nutrient intake status to patients in the 1996 Japan Diabetes Complications Study; however, Japanese patients still had higher carbohydrate and lower fat consumption than patients with diabetes in Western countries. Only 10.5 % of the patients had equal to or more than 20 g/day of dietary fiber and 7.5% consumed less than 6 g of salt. Weekly physical activities of male and female patients were 2344.5±2700.9 and 1948.3±2209.3 METs·min/week in women, respectively (p &lt;0.001) . As for exercise, 31.0% of patients did not do it habitually; this was particularly noticeable in female patients and patients under the age of 65. BMI increased from 22.7 to 24.1 kg/m2 in men and 23.2 to 24.8 kg/m2 in women from 1996 to 2007, respectively. The reason for this increment is suggested to be due to energy intake remaining unchanged despite a decrease in physical activity level. The balance between dietary energy intake and energy expenditure based on physical activity has become more important in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes in recent years.

Disclosure
C.Horikawa: None. K.Tsuda: None. J.Satoh: None. Y.Hayashino: None. N.Tajima: None. R.Nishimura: Speaker's Bureau; Abbott Diabetes, Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi, Taisho Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Teijin Pharma Limited, Terumo Corporation. H.Sone: Research Support; Astellas Pharma Inc., Eisai Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Novo Nordisk, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.

Funding
Japan Diabetes Society
1185-P: Low Birth Weight Is Associated with a Nongenetic Higher Incidence Rate of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: WIBAEK RASMUS , ANDERSEN GREGERS S. , LINNEBERG ALLAN , GRARUP NIELS , HANSEN TORBEN , BRØNS CHARLOTTE , VISTISEN DORTE , VAAG ALLAN A. 
Published: May 2022

Background: Low birth weight, indictive of a poor fetal environment, is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) . Most previous studies were based on cross sectional prevalence data and not designed to study the timing of onset of T2D in relation to birth weight (BW) . Furthermore, earlier studies have not adjusted for common genetic variation influencing BW. We aimed to examine associations of BW with age-specific incidence of T2D using BW polygenetic risk scores (BWPRS) to adjust for genetic confounding.
Methods: Adults (30-60 years) enrolled in the Inter99 cohort from 1999-20with information on BW from original birth records, and without diabetes at baseline were eligible. Birth records were linked with individual-level data on T2D incidence from the Danish Diabetes Register and key covariates from the Inter99 study. Incidence rates of T2D as a function of age, sex and BW were modelled using Poisson regression and adjusted for adult BMI, socioeconomic status, maternal history of diabetes and BWPRS.
Results: Among 4584 participants there were 438 incident cases of T2D during a mean follow-up of 18 years. BW was inversely associated with T2D with a higher incidence in men. T2D incidence increased with age and the rate of increase was higher in persons with lower BW compared with higher BW in a dose-response manner.
Conclusion: A lower birth weight is associated with a greater increase in incidence rate of T2D in a non-genetic manner.

Disclosure
R.Wibaek: Stock/Shareholder; Novo Nordisk A/S. G.S.Andersen: Stock/Shareholder; Novo Nordisk A/S. A.Linneberg: None. N.Grarup: None. T.Hansen: None. C.Brøns: Stock/Shareholder; Novo Nordisk. D.Vistisen: Research Support; Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi, Stock/Shareholder; Novo Nordisk A/S. A.A.Vaag: Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca.

Funding
Danish Diabetes Academy, which is funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF17SA0031406)
1189-P: The Intersection of Food Insecurity and Diet Quality in Association with Diabetes ABCs Management among U.S. Adults, 2013–2018
Authors: CASAGRANDE SARAH , BULLARD KAI M. , SIEGEL KAREN R. , LAWRENCE JEAN M. 
Published: May 2022

The ADA recommends that people with diabetes (PWD) consume a high-quality diet to achieve diabetes treatment goals, however, food insecurity may prevent consumption of a high-quality diet. Cross-sectional, national data from 2,351 participants aged ≥20 years with self-reported diabetes that completed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 2013-2018 were analyzed. Diet quality was assessed using quartiles of the 2015 Healthy Eating Index. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR, 95% CI) were calculated from logistic regression models to determine the association between individual food insecurity/diet quality and A1c, blood pressure (BP) , and cholesterol control (ABCs) while controlling for sociodemographics, health care utilization, smoking, diabetes, BP, and cholesterol medication use, and BMI. Overall, 17.6% of PWD were food insecure/low diet quality; 14.2% were food insecure/high diet quality; 33.1% were food secure/low diet quality; and 35.2% were food secure/high diet quality. PWD who were food insecure/low diet quality were younger, non-Hispanic black race or Hispanic ethnicity, and uninsured vs. those who were food secure/high diet quality (all p&lt;0.001) . In comparison with PWD with full food security/high diet quality, those with food insecurity/low diet quality were significantly more likely to have A1c ≥7.0% (aOR=1.84, 1.23-2.76) , A1c ≥8.0% (aOR=1.76, 1.02-3.02) , low HDL (aOR=1.70, 1.24-2.33) , and high triglycerides (aOR=3.13, 1.71-5.71) ; food insecurity/high diet quality was significantly associated with A1c ≥7.0% (aOR=1.69, 1.14-2.51) , A1c ≥8.0% (aOR=1.83,1.12-2.98) and high triglycerides (aOR=2.44, 1.15-5.16) ; and food security/low diet quality with A1c≥7% (aOR=1.55, 1.07-2.24) . Both food insecurity and low diet quality are associated with both poor glycemic and lipid management. Screening for and interventions that address food insecurity and diet quality may help support PWD in their diabetes management.

Disclosure
S.Casagrande: None. K.M.Bullard: None. K.R.Siegel: None. J.M.Lawrence: None.

Funding
National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (GS-10F-0381L)