bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of flexible resistance sensor based on mesh convex microstructure
Authors: xu jing , Ma Jingxuan , Lian Jiadi , Liao YiHong , Wang Luwen , Linxi Dong , SUN Hui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To solve the problems of large volume and poor flexibility of the traditional pressure sensor prepared by rigid materials, a flexible pressure resistance sensor with mesh convex platform microstructure is prepared by using PDMS as a substrate and graphene as a conductive functional layer. The preparation process of the conductive layer and the substrate of the sensor are optimized. The effect of the concentration of graphene and thinckness of PDMS on the sensor’s sensitivity are investigated. The experimental results show that the addition of polyurethane to graphene and the hydrophilic treatment of the PDMS can improve the stability of the sensor. Excessive graphene blocks the microstructural gaps resulting in reduce sensitivity. The thicker the PDMS, the smaller the microstructural deformation, resulting in lower sensitivity. Based on the theoretical basis of elastic mechanics, the calculated results consistent with the experimental results. Finally, the performance of PDMS microstructure sensor with thickness of 0.2mm is tested. The sensor has a high linear sensitivity (0.152kPa-1) and a wide linear dynamic response range (0-4kPa), along with a fast response time of 83ms. The sensor is fixed to the finger for bending test and shows that the sensor is able to detect human physiological activity.
Fast switching of magnetic vortex state under an alternating magnetic field
Authors: Xu Min , Jiang Guiqian , Zhang Zhiyu , Li Runshui , Meng Dexiang , Zhang Jinyu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Vortex is considered to be a promising candidate for nonvolatile magnetic random storage devices due to its unique binary state and high thermal stability. The control of vortex polarity and chirality is key to devices based on vortex. In this work, the switching of the magnetic vortex state in Permalloy nanodisks has been investigated by micromagnetic simulation employing in-plane alternating magnetic fields. During the switching of magnetic vortex state, an antivortex is formed, and the antivortex and vortex will not annihilate together. The formation of antivortex and the annihilation of initial vortex lead to the switching of magnetic vortex state. The switching of vortex state depends on magnetic field and disk size. The switching time of magnetic vortex state declines with the enhancement of magnetic field amplitude or magnetic field frequency. All the switching can be completed within 1.4 ns, indicating that the alternating magnetic field driving can induce the rapid switching of vortex state. This work provides an effective method for the fast switching of magnetic vortex state, which benefits the potential storage applications in vortex-based spintronic devices.
Theory of drift-enabled control in nonlocal magnon transport
Authors: de-la-Peña Sebastián , Schlitz Richard , Vélez Saül , Cuevas Juan Carlos , Kamra Akashdeep 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Electrically injected and detected nonlocal magnon transport has emerged as a versatile method for transporting spin as well as probing the spin excitations in a magnetic insulator. We examine the role of drift currents in this phenomenon as a method for controlling the magnon propagation length. Formulating a phenomenological description, we identify the essential requirements for existence of magnon drift. Guided by this insight, we examine magnetic field gradient, asymmetric contribution to dispersion, and temperature gradient as three representative mechanisms underlying a finite magnon drift velocity, finding temperature gradient to be particularly effective.
Differential spin Hall MRAM based low power logic circuits and multipliers
Authors: Nehra Vikas , Prajapati Sanjay , Kumar T Nandha , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A Multiplier is an essential component that dictates the performance of modern computing systems. However, high power dissipation of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) multiplier circuits has become a major concern in sub 45 nm technology nodes. Recently, emerging non-volatile memory based hybrid circuits have gained a lot of attention due to the prominent feature of negligible static power consumption. Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) based spin-torque memories have been used for low power applications. However, spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM) based hybrid CMOS/MTJ circuits exhibit higher write energy and longer incubation delay. In this work, a differential spin Hall (DSH)-MRAM cell is employed for logic and circuit applications. It stores a pair of complementary bits with low write voltage and reduced area. The variability analysis of DSH-MRAM signifies the availability of sufficient margin between different resistance states. Different types of 8 × 8 and 4 × 4 hybrid CMOS/MTJ multipliers are analyzed using DSH based adders and logic gates. The proposed multipliers consume approximately 20% less power and exhibit 19% improvement in power-delay product characteristics compared to CMOS based multipliers.
Exceptional point singularities in multi-section DFB lasers
Authors: Shahmohammadi Mehran , Süess Martin J , Peretti Romain , Kapsalidis Filippos , Forrer Andres , Beck Mattias , Faist Jérôme 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A laser exhibits both controllable gain and loss and, under proper design conditions, is an ideal non-Hermitian system allowing the direct observation and engineering of spectral singularities such as exceptional points (EPs). A dual section distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a prototype of such a system, allowing the controlled coupling of a ladder of cavity Fabry–Perot modes to a quarter wave shifted DFB mode. Tuning the coupling strength and the gain difference between these two set of modes enables probing the regimes from weak coupling to strong coupling and the robust observation of EP singularities. At these EPs, the laser exhibits a sequence of lasing and switching off the coherent emission when pumped above transparency. Additionally, the pumping scheme allows the deliberate lifting of the EP degeneracy. These results show that dual section QCL is a perfect platform to study EPs because the coupling parameter and system loss can be tuned in a single device.
A novel double image encryption algorithm based on coupled chaotic system
Authors: Chen Yong , Xie Shucui , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This paper constructs a two-dimensional Logistic-Sine-Henon map (2D-LSHM) for image encryption. By comparing with some existing chaotic systems, the 2D-LSHM has better chaotic performance and is more suitable for image encryption scenarios. Using the 2D-LSHM, we propose a double image adaptive encryption algorithm consisting of bit-level combinatorial permutation and four-directional adaptive diffusion called LSHM-DIAEA. Differently from traditional image encryption algorithms, the proposed LSHM-DIAEA can encrypt a color image and a grayscale image at the same time so that the information from each other can be fused and affected by each other, which makes the encryption process more secure and efficient. In addition, to enhance plaintext sensitivity, we introduce the secure hash algorithm-512 (SHA-512) and the Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) feature extraction algorithm into the LSHM-DIAEA. Simulation and security analysis results illustrate that the LSHM-DIAEA provides a high security level to resist various cryptanalytic attacks and a high execution efficiency.
The effect of crystal region on the shape memory in polylactic acid matrix
Authors: Li Yufang , Zhang Yunfan , Ouyang Jianglin , Ye Jinqiao , Cai Ziqing 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The paper analyzed the effect of tensile conditions on the shape memory effect of PLA plates. The experimental results showed that the PLA plates presented excellent recovery ratio and recovery stress at lower stretch temperatures. In shape memory system of PLA, the crystal regions acted as network points significantly influenced the shape memory effect. The change of crystal structure of PLA plates at different strecthing conditions was investigated. The structural evolution model of lamallae during the stretching process were established.
Fabrication of a holographic mask with high consistency for convex blazed grating
Authors: Wang Dinglu , Zhang Dawei , Xu Banglian , Hao Fayi , Huang Yuanshen , Li Baicheng , Shen Yuhang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate a holographic mask that can be developed to the bottom of the whole convex substrate and has the same groove depth, to meet the requirements of ion beam etching. The influence of light fields and exposure parameters on different positions of the photoresist substrate surface was studied. By comparing and analyzing the groove of holographic masks fabricated with different conditions, a holographic convex grating mask with high groove consistency can be obtained under the conditions of 40× light spot and 18 min exposure time. Finally, the high quality of the optimized holographic was verified by tests with ion beam etching.
Monitoring at-home prosthesis control improvements through real-time data logging
Authors: Osborn Luke E , Moran Courtney W , Dodd Lauren D , Sutton Erin E , Norena Acosta Nicolas , Wormley Jared M , Pyles Connor O , Gordge Kelles D , Nordstrom Michelle J , Butkus Josef A , Forsberg Jonathan A , Pasquina Paul F , Fifer Matthew S , Armiger Robert S 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. Validating the ability for advanced prostheses to improve function beyond the laboratory remains a critical step in enabling long-term benefits for prosthetic limb users. Approach. A nine week take-home case study was completed with a single participant with upper limb amputation and osseointegration to better understand how an advanced prosthesis is used during daily activities. The participant was already an expert prosthesis user and used the Modular Prosthetic Limb (MPL) at home during the study. The MPL was controlled using wireless electromyography (EMG) pattern recognition-based movement decoding. Clinical assessments were performed before and after the take-home portion of the study. Data was recorded using an onboard data log in order to measure daily prosthesis usage, sensor data, and EMG data. Main results. The participant’s continuous prosthesis usage steadily increased (p= 0.04, max = 5.5 h) over time and over 30% of the total time was spent actively controlling the prosthesis. The duration of prosthesis usage after each pattern recognition training session also increased over time (p = 0.04), resulting in up to 5.4 h of usage before retraining the movement decoding algorithm. Pattern recognition control accuracy improved (1.2% per week, p < 0.001) with a maximum number of ten classes trained at once and the transitions between different degrees of freedom increased as the study progressed, indicating smooth and efficient control of the advanced prosthesis. Variability of decoding accuracy also decreased with prosthesis usage (p < 0.001) and 30% of the time was spent performing a prosthesis movement. During clinical evaluations, Box and Blocks and the Assessment of the Capacity for Myoelectric Control scores increased by 43% and 6.2%, respectively, demonstrating prosthesis functionality and the NASA Task Load Index scores decreased, on average, by 25% across assessments, indicating reduced cognitive workload while using the MPL, over the nine week study. Significance. In this case study, we demonstrate that an onboard system to monitor prosthesis usage enables better understanding of how prostheses are incorporated into daily life. That knowledge can support the long-term goal of completely restoring independence and quality of life to individuals living with upper limb amputation.
Spatial-temporal network for fine-grained-level emotion EEG recognition
Authors: Ji Youshuo , Li Fu , Fu Boxun , Li Yang , Zhou Yijin , Niu Yi , Zhang Lijian , Chen Yuanfang , Shi Guangming 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based affective computing brain–computer interfaces provide the capability for machines to understand human intentions. In practice, people are more concerned with the strength of a certain emotional state over a short period of time, which was called as fine-grained-level emotion in this paper. In this study, we built a fine-grained-level emotion EEG dataset that contains two coarse-grained emotions and four corresponding fine-grained-level emotions. To fully extract the features of the EEG signals, we proposed a corresponding fine-grained emotion EEG network (FG-emotionNet) for spatial-temporal feature extraction. Each feature extraction layer is linked to raw EEG signals to alleviate overfitting and ensure that the spatial features of each scale can be extracted from the raw signals. Moreover, all previous scale features are fused before the current spatial-feature layer to enhance the scale features in the spatial block. Additionally, long short-term memory is adopted as the temporal block to extract the temporal features based on spatial features and classify the category of fine-grained emotions. Subject-dependent and cross-session experiments demonstrated that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of the representative methods in emotion recognition and similar structure methods with proposed method.
Three-dimensional multilayer concentric bipolar electrodes restrict spatial activation in optic nerve stimulation
Authors: Borda Eleonora , Gaillet Vivien , Airaghi Leccardi Marta Jole Ildelfonsa , Zollinger Elodie Geneviève , Moreira Ricardo Camilo , Ghezzi Diego 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective. Intraneural nerve interfaces often operate in a monopolar configuration with a common and distant ground electrode. This configuration leads to a wide spreading of the electric field. Therefore, this approach is suboptimal for intraneural nerve interfaces when selective stimulation is required. Approach. We designed a multilayer electrode array embedding three-dimensional concentric bipolar (CB) electrodes. First, we validated the higher stimulation selectivity of this new electrode array compared to classical monopolar stimulation using simulations. Next, we compared them in-vivo by intraneural stimulation of the rabbit optic nerve and recording evoked potentials in the primary visual cortex. Main results. Simulations showed that three-dimensional CB electrodes provide a high localisation of the electric field in the tissue so that electrodes are electrically independent even for high electrode density. Experiments in-vivo highlighted that this configuration restricts spatial activation in the visual cortex due to the fewer fibres activated by the electric stimulus in the nerve. Significance. Highly focused electric stimulation is crucial to achieving high selectivity in fibre activation. The multilayer array embedding three-dimensional CB electrodes improves selectivity in optic nerve stimulation. This approach is suitable for other neural applications, including bioelectronic medicine.
Developing a physics understanding of the quasi-continuous exhaust regime: pedestal profile and ballooning stability analysis
Authors: Radovanovic L. , Dunne M. , Wolfrum E. , Harrer G. , Faitsch M. , Fischer R. , Aumayr F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
It has been experimentally observed that at ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) plasmas at relatively high shaping, an increase of gas fuelling corresponds to an increase of the frequency and intensity of the type-I edge localised modes (ELMs). At high enough fuelling, the plasma enters the quasi continuous exhaust (QCE) regime. We have performed ideal ballooning n → ∞ stability analysis on four AUG discharges, comparing the type-I ELM dominated phases, with the phases that are in the QCE regime. The results of this study show that as the gas puff increases, the plasma gets more ballooning unstable in the pedestal region, especially very close to the separatrix, at the pedestal bottom. On the contrary, in the middle of the pedestal, the discharges are more ballooning stable. Here the locally negative magnetic shear has a stabilising effect on ballooning modes, allowing access to the second stability region. Our analysis of the ballooning stability and the confinement factor H98 suggest that with optimisation of the pedestal shape, good confinement without type-I ELMs can be achieved. Necessary ingredients are that the region of the highest pressure gradient is not ideal ballooning limited, while the pedestal bottom is ballooning unstable. Ideal stability analysis of 36 simulated ITER profiles shows that, similarly to the experimental cases from AUG, a high pedestal top pressure can be maintained concomitant with a ballooning instability at the pedestal bottom, making QCE a promising scenario.
Current correlations, Drude weights and large deviations in a box–ball system
Authors: Kuniba Atsuo , Misguich Grégoire , Pasquier Vincent 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We explore several aspects of the current fluctuations and correlations in the box–ball system, an integrable cellular automaton in one space dimension. The state we consider is an ensemble of microscopic configurations where the box occupancies are independent random variables (i.i.d. state), with a given mean ball density. We compute several quantities exactly in such homogeneous stationary state: the mean value and the variance of the number of balls N

t
crossing the origin during time t, and the scaled cumulants generating function associated to N

t
. We also compute two spatially integrated current–current correlations. The first one, involving the long-time limit of the current–current correlations, is the so-called Drude weight and is obtained with thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA). The second one, involving equal time current–current correlations is calculated using a transfer matrix approach. A family of generalized currents, associated to the conserved charges and to the different time evolutions of the models are constructed. The long-time limits of their correlations generalize the Drude weight and the second cumulant of N

t
and are found to obey nontrivial symmetry relations. They are computed using TBA and the results are found to be in good agreement with microscopic simulations of the model. TBA is also used to compute explicitly the whole family of flux Jacobian matrices. Finally, some of these results are extended to a (non-i.i.d.) two-temperatures generalized Gibbs state (with one parameter coupled to the total number of balls, and another one coupled to the total number of solitons).
Apolipoprotein E*Ɛ2 carriers exhibit high aspirin-treated platelet reactivity and low cardiovascular risk during long-term aspirin treatment
Authors: Li Xiao-Li , Wang Qiang , Jia Guo-Dong , Yin Hui-Jun , Wang Yao-Hui , Hu Chao , Wang Xiao-Qing , Yang Yang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objective
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) loci, including rs429358 (Ɛ4) and rs7412 (Ɛ2), are involved in cardiovascular (CV) health. However, their effect on the CV-protective effect of aspirin remains unknown.

Methods
A total of 515 aspirin-treated individuals with existing CV diseases were recruited, and their APOE genotypes, platelet functions and other routine laboratory parameters were assessed when they enrolled. The first major CV events (myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularisation and CV death) and all CV events (major CV events plus unstable angina and transient ischaemic attack) during a mean 5.2-year follow-up period were recorded.

Results
After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, lifestyle, lipid profiles and other CV drugs and comorbidities, Ɛ2 carriers were found to exhibit ~80% lower risk of major CV and 60% lower risk of all CV (HR = 0.186, CI: 0.048–0.715, P = 0.014; HR = 0.435, CI: 0.234–0.812, P = 0.009, respectively) than Ɛ2 noncarriers. Furthermore, high incidence of high platelet reactivity assessed by arachidonic acid-induced light transmission aggregometry (23.4 vs. 13.7%, P = 0.038), triglyceride and haemoglobin and low low-density lipoprotein were observed. Ɛ4 carriers had slightly increased cholesterol and hypercholesterolemia incidence relative to Ɛ4 noncarriers.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that APOE*Ɛ2 carriers can derive additional CV benefit from long-term aspirin treatment. Moreover, it was observed that APOE2 interacts with cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and upregulates its activity. The CV-protective effect of aspirin in Ɛ2 carriers is likely attributed to APOE2 upregulating vascular COX-1-mediated CV protective pathway, together with aspirin partially inhibiting platelet COX-1-mediated platelet aggregation.
Negligible Specimen Hemolysis Is Observed With Sarstedt S-Monovette Coagulation Tubes in Aspiration Mode
Authors: Çat Abdulkadir , Uçar Kamil Taha 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to compare the levels of hemolysis in the blood collected using the vacuum and aspiration modes via Sarstedt S-Monovette coagulation tubes.

Methods
Forty volunteers were included in the study. Blood samples were collected using two different modes in the S-Monovette citrate tube (Sarstedt AG). Prothrombin time, active partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and D-dimer analyses were performed using the STA-Compact-Max 3 analyzer (Stago). The hemolysis levels of the samples were measured by both Stago’s semiquantitative hemolysis index (H-index) module and the quantitative H-index measurement of the Roche cobas 6000 (Roche Diagnostics) analyzer.

Results
Roche’s quantitative H-index values were statistically significantly lower in the aspiration mode. No clinically significant difference was observed between coagulation test results.

Conclusions
Using the S-Monovette citrate tubes can reduce spurious hemolysis and improve patient safety.