bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chest Radiographic Findings in High-risk Covid-19 Pneumonia Patients
Authors: Kodikara Iroshani , Galabada Buddhi Anjani , Kurupparachchi Aruni Manjula 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background/ objectivesThe severity of Covid-19 pneumonia has shown a positive association with co-existing risk factors. However, the exact nature of lung involvement in high-risk Covid-19 patients is yet to be resolved. Therefore, we evaluated the CXR features, temporal progression, and the factors associated with CXR severity in high-risk patients.MethodsChest X-rays (n=289) of Covid-19 infected high-risk adults (n=228) treated at the Base Hospital Homagama were evaluated to record CXR features, their temporal progression, CXR severity score and the patient outcomes. ResultsThe studies patients (48.2% men) were in mean age(SD) of 59(15) years. The most frequent CXR features were patchy ground-glass opacities (49%; GG) and patchy consolidations (42%; CON). They showed bilateral (100%) involvement, superoinferior gradient (100%) and diffuse (27%), peripheral (18%) or perihilar (10%) distribution. CON was the predominant opacity among the non-survivors and GG among the survivors (χ2=14.73; p=0.001). Right lung predominant (28%) asymmetrical lung involvement was more frequent than bilateral symmetrical (16%) or left lung predominance (7%). Progression into fatal disease was significantly higher when the lung involvement is asymmetrical: right predominance: ODDs:0.502; p=0.023; left predominance: ODDs:0.268; p=0.002. The CXRs were frequently normal in early (66%) and progressive (56%; χ2=36.64; p<0.001) stages than in peak or resolving stages. The predictors of CXR severity included age (β:0.140; 95% CI:0.041–0.233; p=0.004), male gender (β:4.140; 95% CI:1.452–6.481; p=0.003), and disease day (β:0.622; 95% CI:0.301–0.942; p<0.001). ConclusionThis study decoded the CXR features of Covid-19 pneumonia in a high-risk cohort while describing their associations.
Discovery of a New Ozone Hole over the Tropics
Authors: Lu Qing-Bin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper reveals a new ozone hole that exists in the lower stratosphere over the tropics (30°N-30°S) across the seasons since the 1980s, where an ozone hole is defined as an area of ozone loss larger than 25% compared with the undisturbed atmosphere. The depth of this all-season tropical ozone hole is comparable to that of the well-known springtime ozone hole over Antarctica, while its area is about seven times that of the latter. At the center of the deepest tropical or Antarctic ozone hole, approximately 80% of the normal ozone value is depleted, whereas annual mean ozone depletion in the lower stratosphere over the tropics due to the coldest temperature is about 1.6 times that over Antarctica and is about 7.7 times that over the Arctic. The whole-year ozone hole over the tropics could cause a serious global concern as it can lead to increases in ground-level ultraviolet radiation and affect 50% of Earth's surface area, which is home to approximately 50% of the world's population. Moreover, since ozone loss is well-known to lead to stratospheric cooling, the presence of the all-season tropical ozone hole and the seasonal polar ozone holes is equivalent to the formation of three ‘temperature holes’ in the global lower stratosphere. These findings will play a far-reaching role in understanding fundamental atmospheric processes and global climate change.
Study in subatomic structure as extreme task for quantum mechanics
Authors: Ivantsov Mikhail 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
It is shown that the known task of single-electron atom can be established with its own solution of fine-structure constant. Moreover, this approach may relate to electron transition directly to the proton structure, that with a hyper-fine structure like the Lamb shift of hydrogen atom is specifically associated. Such highlighted result was expanded accordingly for the multiple-charge states, as beyond the existing classification of the Standard Model. Here is possible a certain prediction for the mass values by type the meson- boson particles. In particular, mass value for the Higgs boson has been modeled close enough to the experimental result. In this way a high-energy sequence for the exotic subatomic particles like the Higgs boson may be further revealed.
Research on Water Seepage Detection Technology of Tunnel Asphalt Pavement Based on Deep Learning and Digital Image Processing
Authors: Li Jiaqi , He Zhaoyi , Li Dongxue , Zheng Aichen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the traffic safety of the tunnel pavement and reduce the impact of water seepage on the pavement structure, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model is established based on image detection technology to realize the identification, classification and statistics of pavement seepage. First, compared with the MobileNet network model, the deep learning model EfficientNet network model was built, and the accuracy of the two models was analyzed for pavement seepage recognition. The F1 Score was introduced to evaluate the accuracy and comprehensive performance of the two models for different types of seepage characteristics. Then the three gray processing methods, six threshold segmentation methods, as well as three filtering methods were compared to extract water seepage characteristics of digital image. Finally, based on the processed image, a calculation method of water seepage area was proposed to identify the actual asphalt pavement water seepage. The result shows that the recognition accuracy of the EfficientNet network model in the training set and the validation set are 99.85% and 97.53%, respectively, and the prediction accuracy is 98.00%. The accuracy of pavement water seepage recognition and prediction is better than the MobileNet network model. Using the cvtColor function for gray processing, using THRESH_BINARY for threshold segmentation, and using a combination of median filtering and morphological opening operations for image noise reduction can effectively extract water seepage characteristics. The water seepage area calculated by the proposed method has a small difference with the actual water seepage area, and the effect is agreeable.
Voluminous Storage and Rapid Magma Ascent Beneath La Palma Revealed by Seismic Tomography
Authors: D'Auria Luca , Koulakov Ivan , Prudencio Janire , Cabrera-Perez Ivan , Ibanez Jesus , Martinez Jose Barrancos , Garcia-Hernandez Ruben , Dorth David Martinez van , Hernandez German Padilla , Przeor Monika , Ortega Victor , Perez Pedro Hernandez , Rodriguez Nemesio Perez 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Seismic tomography provides a window into magmatic plumbing systems; however, obtaining sufficient data for ‘real-time’ imaging is challenging. Until now, syn-eruptive tomography has not been successfully demonstrated. For the first time, we obtained high-resolution images of Earth's interior during an ongoing volcanic eruption. We used data from 11,349 earthquakes, most of which during La Palma eruption (19 September-13 December, 2021), to perform travel-time seismic tomography. We present high-precision earthquake relocations and 3D distributions of P and S-wave velocities highlighting the geometry of magma sources. We identified three distinct structures: (1) a shallow localised region (< 3 km) of hydrothermal alteration; (2) spatially extensive, consolidated, oceanic crust extending to ~10 km depth and; (3) a large (> 400 km3) sub-crustal magma-filled rock volume intrusion extending from ~7 to 25 km depth. Our results suggest that this large magma reservoir feeds the La Palma eruption continuously for almost three months. Prior to eruption onset, magma ascended from ~10 km depth to the surface in < 7 days. In the upper 3 km, melt migration is along the western contact between consolidated oceanic crust and altered hydrothermal material. Similar structural weaknesses along the eastern contact could potentially cause new eruptive centres in the future.
Effect of Cytokinins on Micropropagation of Moringa Oleifera Lam. and Genomic Stability Assessment Using Flow-Cytometry
Authors: Bharati Rohit , Okao Moses , Hamouzová Katerina , Fernandez-Cusimamani Eloy 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Moringa oleifera Lam. is a multipurpose medicinal plant of the family Moringaceae which has been widely utilized as a pharmaceutical remedy to treat a wide range of diseases. In addition, the tree has several applications in human nutrition as well as livestock feeding. M. oleifera is easily multiplied through epigeal germination (recalcitrant) but seed propagated plants are heterogeneous and take longer to reach fruit-bearing age. As an alternative, branch cuttings have been used but their establishment is erratic and often leads to reduced growth of the mother plant. Thus, to produce superior planting materials, in-vitro propagation has become paramount. As a result, several studies using a limited range of cytokinin have been undertaken to multiply M. oleifera through tissue culture. Otherwise, a study was conducted to examine the effect of five different cytokinins on in-vitro regeneration of this tree species. Results showed that nodal explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and subsequently rooted on basic MS media was the most optimal treatment. Furthermore, acclimatization of plantlets in sterile soil substrate and perlite (1:3;v/v) under transparent polythene sheet for 7 days resulted in survival rate of 100%. Assessment of genetic fidelity using flow cytometry revealed that surface sterilization alongside cytokinin treatments produced plantlets that were genetically stable regardless of the growth regulator used. Thus, the in-vitro protocol developed in this study can be utilized for in-vitro studies and mass propagation of this imperative plant species.
Predicting Prognosis In Primary Pulmonary Sarcoma Using A Clinical Nomogram Based On SEER Database
Authors: Shen Piao , Zheng Yuzhen , Zhu Siyu , Yang Xingping , Tan Jian , Cai Weijie , Liao Hong-Ying 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Primary pulmonary sarcoma (PPS) accounts for less than 1.1% of all pulmonary tumors. Few data outcomes are reported. This study aims to clarify the predictive value of clinicopathologic features on the overall survival (OS) of PPS patients.Methods: Patients with primary pulmonary sarcoma (PPS) were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (from 2000 to 2015) and divided randomly into training and validation cohorts at a ratio of 1:1. Univariate Cox analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were implemented to identify prognostic factors related to overall survival of primary pulmonary sarcoma patients. Then, we performed multivariate Cox regression to establish a prognostic factors signature. The Kaplan- Meier (K-M) survival curves and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to estimate the prognostic power of the signature. In addition, multivariate Cox regression screened out independent prognostic factors and constructed a nomogram. Results: PPS patients with training group were divided into low- and high-risk group based on risk score, and high-risk group had a shorter survival time. The validation group got the same result. (P<0.001). On multivariate analysis of the training cohort, independent factors for survival were marriage, age, sex, grade, operation, metastasis and tumor size, which were all selected into the nomogram. The calibration curve and ROC plots for probability of 3-year and 5-year survival were in accord with prediction by nomogram and actual observation. And the C-index of the nomogram for predicting survival was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.80, P<0.05), which was statistically significant. Conclusion: We constructed a risk prognosis model based on PPS patients from SEER database. In addition, the construction of nomogram provides one more idea for clinical treatment.
A (GCC) Repeat in the Untranslated Region of Human SBF1 Departs from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in Human and Links to Late-onset Neurocognitive Disorder.
Authors: Ohadi Mina , Khamse Safoura , Alizadeh Samira , Bernhart Stephan H , Afshar Hossein , Delbari Ahmad 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The human SBF1 (SET binding factor 1) gene, alternatively known as MTMR5, is predominantly expressed in the brain, and its epigenetic dysregulation is linked to late-onset neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease. This gene contains a (GCC)-repeat at the interval between +1 and +60 of the transcription start site (SBF1-202 ENST00000380817.8). Sequencing of the SBF1 (GCC)-repeat in a sample of 542 Iranian individuals, consisting of late-onset NCDs (N=260) and controls (N=282) revealed a predominantly bi-allelic locus for this STR, consisting of 8 and 9 repeats, with allele frequencies ranging from 0.39 to 0.55, and four other alleles with frequencies of <0.03 across the two groups. Overall heterozygosity for the observed alleles was significantly less than expected in the NCD and control groups, at 22.3% and 16.31%, respectively (p=0.000). Specifically, the heterozygous 8/9 genotype was significantly less than expected in both case and control groups (Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium, p=0.000), and significantly enriched in the NCD group (Yates corrected p=0.001). Skewed heterozygous genotypes were also detected for other allele combinations, such as 6/8 vs 6/9 across groups (p=0.000). Bioinformatics studies revealed that the number of (GCC)-repeats may change the RNA secondary structure and interaction sites across human exon 1. This STR was specifically expanded beyond 2-repeats in primates. In conclusion, we report a novel biological phenomenon in which there is indication of purifying selection against heterozygous genotypes at a STR locus in human, and skewed genotype compartment in late-onset NCD vs. controls. In view of the location of this STR in the 5′ UTR, RNA/RNA or RNA/DNA heterodimer formation of the involved genotypes and possible deleterious downstream events should be considered.
Comparison of Relapsing Polychondritis Patients with and Without Respiratory Involvement Based on Chest Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Dong , Guan Lujia , Dong Xin , Zhu Xiaofan , Tong Zhaohui 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) patients with tracheal cartilage involvement are different from other patients. The objectives of this study were to compare the clinical features and disease patterns between respiratory involvement subgroup and non-respiratory involvement subgroup according to chest computed tomography.
Method

We performed a retrospective cohort study collected RP patients hospitalized at the Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital between January 2012 - August 2021.
Results

The incident of costochondritis was more frequent in RP patients with respiratory involvement(p=0.03), the incidence of inflammatory eye disease(p=0.001) and auricular chondritis(p=0.001) was less frequent in RP respiratory involvement patients, compared with those of RP patients without respiratory involvement. Correlation analysis showed that a negative correlation between respiratory involvement and auricular chondritis (r=-0.58, p < 0.01), and between respiratory involvement and inflammatory eye disease (r=-0.45, P < 0.01). Auricular chondritis was positively correlated with inflammatory eye disease (r=0.49, P < 0.01). Compared with non-respiratory involvement subgroup, the incidence of pulmonary infection marginally increased in respiratory involvement subgroup(p=0.06). Inflammatory indexes except for CAR were significantly higher in respiratory involvement subgroup, subgroup analysis found that there was no significant relationship between inflammatory indexes and pulmonary infection.
Conclusion

RP patients with respiratory involvement was characterized by higher rate of costochondritis and pulmonary infection, fewer inflammatory eye disease and auricular chondritis compared to non-respiratory involvement. Increase inflammatory indexes may suggested that patients with respiratory involvement had a higher disease activity index of RP. The probability of survival was not significant between two subgroups.
The effect of COVID certificates on vaccine uptake, public health, and the economy
Authors: Oliu-Barton Miquel , Pradel Bary SR , Woloszko Nicolas , Guetta-Jeanrenaud Lionel , Aghion Philippe , Artus Patrick , Fontanet Arnaud , Martin Philippe , Wolff Guntram B 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have used various interventions,1,2 including COVID certificates as proof of vaccination, recovery, or a recent negative test, required for individuals to access shops, restaurants, and education or workplaces.3 While arguments for and against COVID certificates have focused on reducing transmission and ethical concerns,4,5 the effect of the certificates on vaccine uptake, public health, and the economy requires investigation. We construct counterfactuals based on innovation diffusion theory6 and validate them with econometric methods7 to evaluate the impact of incentives created by COVID certificates in France, Germany, and Italy. We estimate that from their announcement during summer 2021 to the end of the year, the intervention led to increased vaccine uptake in France of 13.0 (95% CI 9.7–14.9) percentage points (p.p.) of the total population, in Germany 6.2 (2.6–6.9) p.p., and in Italy 9.7 (5.4–12.3) p.p.; averted an additional 3,979 (3,453–4,298) deaths in France (i.e., 31.7%), 1,133 (-312–1,358) in Germany (5.6%), and 1,331 (502–1,794) in Italy (14.0%); and prevented gross domestic product (GDP) losses of €6.0 (5.9–6.1) billion in France, €1.4 (1.3–1.5) billion in Germany, and €2.1 (2.0–2.2) billion in Italy. Notably, the application of COVID certificates substantially reduced the pressure on intensive care units (ICUs) and, in France, averted surpassing the occupancy levels where prior lockdowns were instated. Overall, our findings are more substantial than predicted8 and may help to inform decisions about when and how to employ COVID certificates to increase vaccination and thus avoid stringent interventions, such as closures, curfews, and lockdowns, with large social and economic consequences.
Perception of Climate Variability and Its Impact by Smallholders in Pastoral Systems of Abudwak District, Galmudug State, Somalia
Authors: Abdullah Mohamed Yonis , Mohamed Shafii Abdullahi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
it is true in all the regions of the country; there is no stable and reliable documented meteorological data for reasonable tracking of the climate change and variability. Thus, this study explores the perception of significant variability in climate and related impact on local livestock holders among smallholders in pastoral systems of Abudwak district, Somalia. We drew on empirical data obtained from pastoral communities surveys conducted in 4 villages, 169 pastoral associations. Using this data, this study analyses smallholders' perception of climate variability and its associated impact on local livelihood, and the effect of several household on perception. Respondents interviewed during the study period, however, believed that there has been significant variability in the rainfall and temperature patterns for the last twenty years and considered climate variability as a salient risk to their future livelihoods and economic development. Likewise, the general perception of the people is that both rainfall and temperature have highly been fluctuating for decades now became unpredictable with less rainfall in shorter duration and warmer temperature over year now than usual. Different levels of perception were expressed in terms of climate variability and the impact on traditional rain-fed. Age, education level, livestock holding, access to climate information and extension services significantly affected perception levels.
GLP1R Rs3765467 Polymorphism Is Associated With The Risk Of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Fang Yunyun , Zhang Jingjing , Ji Linlin , Zhu Chaoyu , Xiao Yuanyuan , Gao Qingge , Song Wenjing , Wei Li 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOD).Methods: Samples from 316 type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with EOD (n = 137) and late-onset T2DM (n = 179) and 145 non-diabetic individuals were analyzed. Multiplex PCR combined with resequencing HI-Reseq technology was used to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the GLP1R gene, and the allele frequency, genotype distribution, and clinical parameters were analyzed between each diabetes subgroup and the control group.Results: Sixteen SNPs were identified in the exonic region of the GLP1R gene according to the minor allele frequency (MAF > 0.05) in the participants. Among these, the GLP1R rs3765467 (G→A) mutation was statistically associated with EOD. Compared with that of the GG carriers, carriers of genotype AA at rs3765467 had a decreased risk of EOD after adjusting for sex and body mass index. In the dominant model, the frequencies of the rs3765467 AA+GA genotype were significantly decreased in the EOD group, and carriers of genotype AA+GA at rs3765467 had a decreased risk of EOD after adjusting for sex and body mass index. Moreover, fasting c peptide levels were significantly higher in GA+AA genotype carriers than that in GG genotype carriers.Conclusion: The GLP1R rs3765467 polymorphism was significantly associated with the age at T2DM diagnosis, and thus may be used as a marker to screen and detect individuals at risk of developing EOD.The name of the clinical trials registry: Exploration of early warning indicators for diabetic chronic complications. The approval number is 2016-004.The approval date is June 12, 2016.