bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The growth of distributed generation and associated challenges: A Great Britain case study
Authors: Gordon Samuel , McGarry Connor , Bell Keith 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGreat Britain has reached high penetrations of distributed generation (DG). Historically, there has been a lack of technical requirements for DG to provide system support and for network operators to monitor, control and gather detailed information on DG installations. As a result, much of it is unobservable and uncontrollable. This work has analysed the available data sources for the amount, size and type of DG installations in GB. It is found that the lack of transparency and consistency of data are likely to act as an obstacle to the development of a more active distribution network. The impact that high DG has on system operation and system stability is discussed, including the potential for DG to offer flexibility services. A system disturbance in GB on August 9th 2019 brought a number of issues into focus: Slow action to change inappropriate settings of DG loss‐of‐mains protection and the uncertainty that DG adds to the effectiveness of under frequency load shedding schemes. Finally, it is argued that coordination between transmission and distribution networks is central to addressing many of the challenges and is a key enabler to utilising the flexibility available from DERs and releasing capacity for more DERs to be connected.
Two Beer(s) or Not Two Beer(s): The eNose as an Instrument to Pacify
the World
Authors: Kopp Matthias Volkmar , Weckmann Markus , Nissen Gyde , Ricklefs Isabell , Härtel Christoph 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Science prizes that are not meant to be very serious, stand-up
evenings, science slams or publications with a scientific twist: science comedy
comes in very different forms. But all variants have one thing in common:
humour. It can be used to hide the seriousness of life or, in this case,
everyday scientific life for a brief moment. Moreover, serious social or ethical
questions are also met. The GPP, a group of German, Austrian and Swiss Pediatric
Pulmonologists (GPP) is a scientific society with regular annual meetings.
Unsystematic observations and preliminary data suggest that beer consumption
increased by some of the participants during this event. Recently, electronic
nose (eNose) devices have been developed as a technology for disease screening
using exhaled-breath analysis. Here we addressed the issue, if the eNose can be
used to differentiate between real beer and fake beer.
Methods In this single-centre experimental study, 12 different
“real beer” types and one “fake beer” were
analyzed with regard to their emittance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
with the eNose as an electronic VOC-sensing technology.
Results Every single beer type can be identified by a characteristic
VOC-smell print using the eNose. Distinct clusters exist for bottom- and
top-fermented ales. Intriguingly, “Sylter Hopfen”, which is
marketed as a “champagne-beer” and tested as representative of a
“fake beer”, can be clearly differentiated from all other
genuine beer types.
Conclusion Our study provides the first objective data of beer flavor. In
the long term perspective the eNose might help to overcome the agonizing
controversy about beer flavors and, consequently, pacify the World. In the short
run, however, our results give support to more targeted and reserved beer
consumption during our annual meeting, especially since one specific beer shows
a very similar pattern to indoor air.
Threshold evaluation for optimal number of endoscopic treatment sessions to achieve complete eradication of Barrett’s metaplasia
Authors: Mittal Chetan , Muthusamy V. Raman , Simon Violette C. , Brauer Brian C. , Mullady Daniel K. , Hollander Thomas , Sloan Ian , Kushnir Vladimir , Early Dayna , Rastogi Amit , Hammad Hazem T. , Edmundowicz Steven A. , Han Samuel , Thaker Adarsh M. , Ezekwe Ezenwanyi , Wani Sachin , Kwasny Mary J. , Komanduri Srinadh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background Endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) is the standard of care for Barrett’s esophagus (BE)-associated neoplasia. Previous data suggest the mean number of EET sessions required to achieve complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM) is 3. This study aimed to define the threshold of EET sessions required to achieve CE-IM.
Methods The TREAT-BE Consortium is a multicenter outcomes cohort including prospectively enrolled patients with BE undergoing EET. All patients achieving CE-IM were included. Demographic, endoscopic, and histologic data were recorded at treatment onset along with treatment details and surveillance data. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to define a threshold of EET sessions, with 95 %CI, required to achieve CE-IM. A secondary analysis examined predictors of incomplete response to EET using multiple logistic regression and recurrence rates.
Results 623 patients (mean age 65.2 [SD 11.6], 79.6 % male, 86.5 % Caucasian) achieved CE-IM in a mean of 2.9 (SD 1.7) EET sessions (median 2) and a median total observation period of 2.7 years (interquartile range 1.4–5.0). After three sessions, 73 % of patients achieved CE-IM (95 %CI 70 %–77 %). Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.25, 95 %CI 1.05–1.50) and length of BE (OR 1.24, 95 %CI 1.17–1.31) were significant predictors of incomplete response.
Conclusion The current study found that a threshold of three EET sessions would achieve CE-IM in the majority of patients. Alternative therapies and further diagnostic testing should be considered for patients who do not have significant response to EET after three sessions.
Recent Advances in Radical Reactions of Vinyl Triflates and Their Derivatives
Authors: Kawamoto Takuji , Kamimura Akio 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVinyl triflates are valuable precursors for vinyl cations and vinyl carbenes and serve as electrophiles in transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. However, the scope of radical reactions involving vinyl triflates has been very limited until recently. In this short review, we summarize the recent development on two categories of radical reactions involving vinyl triflates, i.e., radical trifluoromethylations and radical non-trifluoromethylations of vinyl triflates.1 I	ntroduction to Vinyl Triflates2	Earlier Work on Radical Reactions of Vinyl Triflates3	Radical Trifluoromethylations of Vinyl Triflates and Their Derivatives4	Radical Non-Trifluoromethylation of Vinyl Triflates5	Conclusions and Outlook
Injuries in Skating and Sledding Winter Sports: Patterns and Imaging Findings
Authors: Rizk Benoît , Brat Hugues , Pirrello Tony 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhile skiing and snowboarding are amongst the most common winter sports, skating and sledding activities are also popular for competition or recreation. Related injuries following an acute trauma mainly involve head, spine, upper and lower limbs. For elite athletes, overuse injuries represent a significant burden. In skating, lesions can be related to boot structure and design. This article reviews epidemiology, patterns, and imaging findings of common injuries in ice skating, short track speed skating, curling, luge, bobsleigh, and skeleton.
Imaging Review of Hockey-Related Upper Extremity Injuries
Authors: Yan Yet Yen , Holmes R. Davis , Mallinson Paul I. , Andrews Gordon T. , Munk Peter L. , Ouellette Hugue A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIce hockey is a fast-paced contact sport with a high incidence of injuries. Upper extremity injury is one of the most common regions of the body to be injured in hockey. This imaging review will equip the radiologist with a knowledge of the more common and severe upper extremity injuries that occur in this sport.
Imaging Review of Snowboard Injuries
Authors: Bohyn Cedric , Flores Dyan V. , Murray Timothy , Mohr Bruce , Cresswell Mark 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSnowboarding and skiing remain the two most popular winter sports worldwide. Musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries are common in snowboarding, and the number has increased significantly since the advent of snow parks. The number of injuries is the highest for novice snowboarders; more experienced boarders generally sustain more severe injuries. Snowboarders can experience a wide array of MSK injuries, but some injury types are more frequently encountered because of the specific injury mechanism unique to snowboarding. This article reviews the most common snowboarding injuries with a focus on the current understanding of the injury mechanism and provides an approach to imaging.
Imaging Review of Hockey-related Lower Extremity Injuries
Authors: Holmes R. Davis , Yan Yet Yen , Mallinson Paul I , Andrews Gordon T , Munk Peter L , Ouellette Hugue A 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHockey is a fast-paced contact sport with a high incidence of injuries. Although injuries are more frequent among elite players, recreational hockey injuries are a common issue faced by primary care and emergency physicians. Lower extremity injuries in hockey are particularly important because they account for approximately a third of all injuries and > 60% of all overuse injuries. This pictorial review provides the general and specialty trained radiologist with a knowledge of the patterns of lower extremity injury that occur in ice hockey.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Kingianin A by Enantioselective Cycloaddition of Strained Cyclobutenone
Authors: Zhao Jinbo , Chen Qin , Lu Ping , Zhang Jie , Yan Peng , Wang Zhichao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe report here the first asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-kingianin A via dimerization of an enantioenriched bicyclo[4.2.0]octadiene. The synthesis features a chiral oxazaborolidinium ion catalyzed Diels–Alder reaction of strained cyclobutenone and stereoselective functionalization of the cyclobutane ring. A preliminary biological study indicated that (+)-kingianin A exhibits potent anticancer activities.
Validación de medidas de resultados informados por los pacientes en Ortopedia y Traumatología
Authors: Vidal Catalina , Lira María Jesús , Besa Pablo , Carmona Maximiliano , Irarrázaval Sebastián 
Published: February 2022

ResumenEn los últimos años, ha habido un aumento en la aplicación de cuestionarios diseñados para la medición de resultados (o desenlaces) clínicos en la práctica médica. Para aplicar un cuestionario en una población distinta a la cual fue originalmente creado y diseñado, es necesario llevar a cabo un proceso riguroso de adaptación, con una determinada metodología. El objetivo de esta guía metodológica es describir el proceso de traducción, adaptación transcultural y validación de medidas de resultados informados por los pacientes (MRIPs) en Ortopedia y Traumatología.Nivel de evidencia: IV
Protecting Animal Welfare in Animal-Assisted Intervention: Our Ethical Obligation
Authors: Fine Aubrey H. , Griffin Taylor Chastain 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWhen incorporating therapy animals into clinical practice, there are essential ethical considerations that must be considered to protect the welfare of both the people and the animals who are involved in the intervention. The field of animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) and more specifically animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is just beginning to appreciate the critical role that animal welfare has in enhancing the quality of the entire process of working with a therapy animal. In this article, the authors will present ethical models that are incumbent for practitioners to consider prior to partnering with a therapy animal. Examples of how a speech-language pathologist (SLP) might work with a therapy animal will be integrated throughout the article to demonstrate applied awareness of how good welfare not only protects the animal but also the clients who engage in the intervention. Key aspects to consider at all stages of AAT will be described, including considerations of welfare as they relate to selecting and working with a therapy animal, preparing clients for AAT, and developing specific competencies as an AAT practitioner. Theoretical support for these recommendations will also be outlined, preparing AAT providers to not only incorporate the highest standards in AAT but to also serve as an advocate in championing these standards as the field develops.
Ultrasensitive electrode-free and co-catalyst-free detection of nanomoles per hour hydrogen evolution for the discovery of new photocatalysts
Authors: Wang Huaiyu (Hugo) , Katzbaer Rowan R. , Fanghanel Julian , Schaak Raymond E. , Gopalan Venkatraman 
Published: February 2022

High throughput theoretical methods are increasingly used to identify promising photocatalytic materials for hydrogen generation from water as a clean source of energy. While most promising water splitting candidates require co-catalyst loading and electrical biasing, computational costs to predict them a priori become large. It is, therefore, important to identify bare, bias-free semiconductor photocatalysts with small initial hydrogen production rates, often in the range of tens of nanomoles per hour, as these can become highly efficient with further co-catalyst loading and biasing. Here, we report a sensitive hydrogen detection system suitable for screening new photocatalysts. The hydrogen evolution rate of the prototypical rutile TiO2 loaded with 0.3 wt. % Pt is detected to be 78.0 ± 0.8 µmol/h/0.04 g, comparable with the rates reported in the literature. In contrast, sensitivity to an ultralow evolution rate of 11.4 ± 0.3 nmol/h/0.04 g is demonstrated for bare polycrystalline TiO2 without electrical bias. Two candidate photocatalysts, ZnFe2O4 (18.1 ± 0.2 nmol/h/0.04 g) and Ca2PbO4 (35.6 ± 0.5 nmol/h/0.04 g) without electrical bias or co-catalyst loading, are demonstrated to be potentially superior to bare TiO2. This work expands the techniques available for sensitive detection of photocatalytic processes toward much faster screening of new candidate photocatalytic materials in their bare state.
Stomatal size and density trade-off varies with leaf phenology and species shade tolerance in a South Asian moist tropical forest
Authors: Rahman Abdullah Al-Nur Shanto , Rahman Mizanur , Shimanto Mehedi Hasan , Kibria Mohammad Golam , Islam Mahmuda 
Published: February 2022

The density and guard cell length of stomata regulate the physiological processes in plants. Yet, the variation of stomatal characteristics among different functional groups of trees is not been well understood. Particularly, a comprehensive understanding of stomatal behaviour in Bangladeshi moist forest trees is lacking. The study investigated how abaxial stomatal density (SD) and guard cell length (GCL) vary among tree functional types and leaf phenological groups in a moist tropical forest of Bangladesh. Cluster dendrogram revealed three groups of species based on SD and GCL. The independent sample t-test showed that there was a significant difference in SD between evergreen and deciduous tree species (t = 4.18, P < 0.001) but no significant difference in GCL between the two phenological groups. ANOVA revealed no significant difference in SD among the light demanding, intermediate shade tolerant and shade tolerant species (F = 0.76, P = 0.47). However, GCL significantly differed among the three functional groups (F = 3.3, P < 0.05). Maximum theoretical stomatal conductance (gmax) varied between evergreen and deciduous species but did not vary with species shade tolerance. In general, there was a significant trade-off between SD and GCL. However, the inverse relationship was stronger in deciduous and shade tolerant species than in evergreen and shade intolerant species. Leaf dry matter content was positively related with SD and negatively related with GCL. Specific leaf area and leaf thickness were not related to the stomatal traits. Our analyses suggest that leaf phenology and species shade tolerance need to be considered while estimating gas exchange through the stomata in tropical moist forests.
Pericyte dysfunction and loss of interpericyte tunneling nanotubes promote neurovascular deficits in glaucoma
Authors: Alarcon-Martinez Luis , Shiga Yukihiro , Villafranca-Baughman Deborah , Belforte Nicolas , Quintero Heberto , Dotigny Florence , Cueva Vargas Jorge L. , Di Polo Adriana 
Published: February 2022

Significance
The current lack of understanding of the mechanisms leading to neurovascular deficits in glaucoma is a major knowledge gap in the field. Retinal pericytes regulate microcirculatory blood flow and coordinate neurovascular coupling through interpericyte tunneling nanotubes (IP-TNTs). We demonstrate that pericytes constrict capillaries in a calcium-dependent manner during glaucomatous stress, decreasing blood supply and compromising neuronal function. Moreover, ocular hypertension damages IP-TNTs and impairs light-evoked neurovascular responses. The reestablishment of calcium homeostasis in pericytes restores vascular and neuronal function, and prevents retinal ganglion cell death in glaucomatous eyes. This study provides important insights into the therapeutic potential of pericytes to counter vascular dysregulation in glaucoma.
CCR8-targeted specific depletion of clonally expanded Treg cells in tumor tissues evokes potent tumor immunity with long-lasting memory
Authors: Kidani Yujiro , Nogami Wataru , Yasumizu Yoshiaki , Kawashima Atsunari , Tanaka Atsushi , Sonoda Yudai , Tona Yumi , Nashiki Kunitaka , Matsumoto Reimi , Hagiwara Masaki , Osaki Motonao , Dohi Keiji , Kanazawa Takayuki , Ueyama Azumi , Yoshikawa Mai , Yoshida Tetsuya , Matsumoto Mitsunobu , Hojo Kanji , Shinonome Satomi , Yoshida Hiroshi , Hirata Michinari , Haruna Miya , Nakamura Yamami , Motooka Daisuke , Okuzaki Daisuke , Sugiyama Yasuko , Kinoshita Makoto , Okuno Tatsusada , Kato Taigo , Hatano Koji , Uemura Motohide , Imamura Ryoichi , Yokoi Kazunori , Tanemura Atsushi , Shintani Yasushi , Kimura Tadashi , Nonomura Norio , Wada Hisashi , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro , Ohkura Naganari , Sakaguchi Shimon 
Published: February 2022

SignificanceImmunosuppressive Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) in tumor tissues are assumed to be clonally expanding via recognizing tumor-associated antigens. By single-cell RNA sequencing, we have searched for the molecules that are specifically expressed by such multiclonal tumor Tregs, but not by tumor-infiltrating effector T cells or natural Tregs in other tissues. The search revealed the chemokine receptor CCR8 as a candidate. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with cell-depleting anti-CCR8 antibody indeed selectively removed multiclonal tumor Tregs without affecting effector T cells or tissue Tregs, eradicating established tumors with induction of potent tumor-specific effector/memory T cells and without activating autoimmune T cells. Thus, specific depletion of clonally expanding tumor Tregs is clinically instrumental for evoking effective tumor immunity without autoimmune adverse effects.
Nonenzymatic assembly of active chimeric ribozymes from aminoacylated RNA oligonucleotides
Authors: Radakovic Aleksandar , DasGupta Saurja , Wright Tom H. , Aitken Harry R. M. , Szostak Jack W. 
Published: February 2022

Significance
The emergence of a primordial ribosome from the RNA world would have required access to aminoacylated RNA substrates. The spontaneous generation of such substrates without enzymes is inefficient, and it remains unclear how they could be selected for in a prebiotic milieu. In our study, we identify a possible role for aminoacylated RNA in ribozyme assembly, a longstanding problem in the origin-of-life research. We show that aminoacylation of short RNAs greatly accelerates their assembly into functional ribozymes by forming amino acid bridges in the phosphodiester backbone. Our work therefore addresses two key challenges within the origin-of-life field: we demonstrate assembly of functional ribozymes, and we identify a potential evolutionary benefit for RNA aminoacylation that is independent of coded peptide translation.
Extracción de fraseología especializada basada en corpus
Authors: Gallego-Hernández Daniel 
Published: February 2022

Abstracta
En este trabajo se describe la evaluación de extracción de unidades fraseológicas especializadas a partir de un corpus español. Tras repasar brevemente diversos estudios en torno a los conceptos de unidad terminológica y unidad fraseológica especializada, así como su identificación y extracción, se presenta un protocolo de evaluación centrado en aspectos de usabilidad y precisión que se aplica a tres sistemas de explotación de corpus. Los resultados confirman parcialmente la hipótesis de que los extractores terminológicos permiten extraer unidades fraseológicas especializadas. Por último, se hacen algunas sugerencias con el ánimo de optimizar el funcionamiento de estos sistemas.
Real-time identification of PMSM losses through a novel past-time averaging method
Authors: Zeaiter Amal , Videcoq Etienne , Fénot Matthieu 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is the identification of unknown losses in a permanent-magnet synchronous motor through the thermal assessment of the motor behavior. These unknown losses can be sometimes hardly determined with analytical calculations. Their influence could be critical to some materials of the electric motor, such as windings and rotor, which are sensitive to hot-spot temperatures. The evaluation of the evolution of these unknown losses during cycles of mission is a crucial step in the motor conception phase. The applied method consists in solving a heat transfer inverse problem in real time. A new approach is used in this study for the regularization of the solution. It is based on a past-time averaging method. The work is numerically carried out based on a lumped-parameter thermal model developed for a high specific-power motor for the propulsion of hybrid aircrafts. Few reachable temperature nodes with known data are considered for the simulation. A dynamical mission profile is studied herein for a flight scenario of a hybrid aircraft, propelled by motors having around 1 MW of power. Three cases are investigated for the losses identification using the inverse technique. A study on the number of past time steps for the regularization of the ill-posed problem is presented. The results show that the thermal heat dissipated due to losses can be accurately estimated with an acceptable average error. The proposed procedure allows real-time determination of losses and monitoring of critical temperatures.
A review on ferroelectric systems for next generation photovoltaic applications
Authors: Pal Subhajit , Sarath N V , Priya K Shanmuga , Murugavel P 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Ferroelectric (FE) materials, which are non-centrosymmetric crystal systems with switchable polarization characterization, are known to show multifunctional application potential in various fields. Among them, the FE photovoltaic (PV) phenomenon, which has been known for several decades, is finding renewed interest recently due to its anomalous PV characteristics along with the reported efficiency exceeding the Shockley–Queisser limit in the nanoscale region. Importantly, the mechanism involved in the FE–PV effect is particularly different from the conventional PV effect exhibited by the semiconductor p–n junction solar cell. The observed above bandgap photovoltage in the FE system, and the versatility in their tunable physical characteristics makes them as one of the next generation PV materials both in terms of fundamental and technological research. However, the biggest barrier in developing the FE–PV solar cells is their very low photocurrent response, which could be surmounted by bandgap engineering, surface charge manipulation, interface control, electrode effect etc. Interestingly, the PV response coupled with other physical phenomena such as piezoelectric and flexoelectric effect gives additional momentum to the continuing research on FE–PV effect. In this article, the detailed understanding associated with various proposed mechanisms, recent progress on the improvement in FE–PV parameters, PV phenomenon coupling with other fascinating effects exhibited by FE systems are described from the fundamental to application point of view.