bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of risk factors progression of preterm delivery using electronic health records
Authors: Safi Zeineb , Venugopal Neethu , Ali Haytham , Makhlouf Michel , Farooq Faisal , Boughorbel Sabri 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundPreterm deliveries have many negative health implications on both mother and child. Identifying the population level factors that increase the risk of preterm deliveries is an important step in the direction of mitigating the impact and reducing the frequency of occurrence of preterm deliveries. The purpose of this work is to identify preterm delivery risk factors and their progression throughout the pregnancy from a large collection of Electronic Health Records (EHR).ResultsThe study cohort includes about 60,000 deliveries in the USA with the complete medical history from EHR for diagnoses, medications and procedures. We propose a temporal analysis of risk factors by estimating and comparing risk ratios and variable importance at different time points prior to the delivery event. We selected the following time points before delivery: 0, 12 and 24 week(s) of gestation. We did so by conducting a retrospective cohort study of patient history for a selected set of mothers who delivered preterm and a control group of mothers that delivered full-term. We analyzed the extracted data using logistic regression and random forests models. The results of our analyses showed that the highest risk ratio and variable importance corresponds to history of previous preterm delivery. Other risk factors were identified, some of which are consistent with those that are reported in the literature, others need further investigation.ConclusionsThe comparative analysis of the risk factors at different time points showed that risk factors in the early pregnancy related to patient history and chronic condition, while the risk factors in late pregnancy are specific to the current pregnancy. Our analysis unifies several previously reported studies on preterm risk factors. It also gives important insights on the changes of risk factors in the course of pregnancy. The code used for data analysis will be made available on github.
Treatment shortening of drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis using high-dose rifampicin for 3 months after culture conversion (Hi-DoRi-3): a study protocol for an open-label randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kwak Nakwon , Jeon Doosoo , Park Youngmok , Kang Young Ae , Kim Kyung Jong , Kim Young Ran , Kwon Byoung Soo , Kwon Yong-Soo , Kim Hyung-Jun , Lee Jae Ho , Lee Ji Yeon , Lee Jung-Kyu , Mok Jeongha , Cheon Minkyoung , Park Jiwon , Hahn Seokyung , Yim Jae-Joon 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background
The standard treatment regimen for drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB), comprising four companion drugs, requires a minimum duration of 6 months, and this lengthy treatment leads to poor adherence and increased toxicity. To improve rates of adherence, reduce adverse events, and lower costs, a simplified and shortened treatment regimen is warranted.

Methods
This study is a multicenter, open-label randomized clinical trial of non-inferiority design that compares a new regimen with the conventional regimen for drug-sensitive pulmonary TB. The investigational group will use a regimen of high-dose rifampicin (30 mg/kg/day) with isoniazid and pyrazinamide, and the treatment will be maintained for 12 weeks after the achievement of negative conversion of sputum culture. The control group will be treated for 6 months with a World Health Organization-endorsed regimen consisting of isoniazid, rifampicin (10 mg/kg/day), ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. The primary endpoint is the proportion of unfavorable outcomes at 18 months after randomization. Secondary outcomes include time to unfavorable treatment outcome, time to culture conversion on liquid medium, treatment success rate at the end of treatment, proportion of recurrence at 18 months after randomization, time to recurrence after treatment completion, and adverse events of grade 3 or higher during the treatment. We predict a 10% unfavorable outcome for the control group, and 0% difference from the investigational group. Based on 80% verification power and a 2.5% one-sided significance level for a non-inferiority margin of 6%, 393 participants per group are required. Considering the 15% dropout rate, a total of 926 participants (463 in each group) will be recruited.

Discussion
This study will inform on the feasibility of the treatment regimen using high-dose rifampicin with a shortened and individualized treatment duration for pulmonary TB.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04485156. Registered on July 24, 2020.
Access to unpublished protocols and statistical analysis plans of randomised trials
Authors: Campbell David , McDonald Cassandra , Cro Suzie , Jairath Vipul , Kahan Brennan C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Access to protocols and statistical analysis plans (SAPs) increases the transparency of randomised trial by allowing readers to identify and interpret unplanned changes to study methods, however they are often not made publicly available. We sought to determine how often study investigators would share unavailable documents upon request.

Methods
We used trials from two previously identified cohorts (cohort 1: 101 trials published in high impact factor journals between January and April of 2018; cohort 2: 100 trials published in June 2018 in journals indexed in PubMed) to determine whether study investigators would share unavailable protocols/SAPs upon request. We emailed corresponding authors of trials with no publicly available protocol or SAP up to four times.

Results
Overall, 96 of 201 trials (48%) across the two cohorts had no publicly available protocol or SAP (11/101 high-impact cohort, 85/100 PubMed cohort). In total, 8/96 authors (8%) shared some trial documentation (protocol only [n = 5]; protocol and SAP [n = 1]; excerpt from protocol [n = 1]; research ethics application form [n = 1]). We received protocols for 6/96 trials (6%), and a SAP for 1/96 trial (1%). Seventy-three authors (76%) did not respond, 7 authors responded (7%) but declined to share a protocol or SAP, and eight email addresses were invalid (8%). A total of 329 emails were sent (an average of 41 emails for every trial which sent documentation). After emailing authors, the total number of trials with an available protocol increased by only 3%, from 52% in to 55%.

Conclusions
Most study investigators did not share their unpublished protocols or SAPs upon direct request. Alternative strategies are needed to increase transparency of randomised trials and ensure access to protocols and SAPs.
Long-term effects of intensive multifactorial treatment on aortic stiffness and central hemodynamics after 13 years with screen-detected type 2 diabetes: the ADDITION-Denmark trial
Authors: Bjerg Lasse , Laugesen Esben , Andersen Signe Toft , Rosborg Jonas Frey , Charles Morten , Vistisen Dorte , Witte Daniel R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Peripheral and central hemodynamic indices are modifiable by lifestyle and medical intervention. We aimed to determine the long-term effect of intensive multifactorial treatment on peripheral and central hemodynamic indices among people with screen-detected diabetes.

Methods
Between 2001 and 2006, people with screen-detected type 2 diabetes were included in the Anglo-Danish-Dutch study of Intensive Treatment of Diabetes in Primary Care (ADDITION) trial (NCT00237549, ClinicalTrials.gov). In the Danish arm, participants were invited to a clinical examination in 2015–2016, 13 years after inclusion and 8 years after trial-end. Out of 586 eligible participants who attended the clinical examination, 411 had a valid examination of central and peripheral hemodynamic indices (242 received intensive treatment and 169 received routine care). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), central blood pressure and augmentation index were assessed by applanation tonometry. We used mixed-effect models to examine the intervention effect adjusting for cluster randomization and heart rate.

Results
Randomization to intensive treatment during the trial-period was associated with a 0.58 m/s lower cfPWV (95% CI − 1.09 to − 0.06) at follow-up. Adjustment for blood pressure attenuated the association. Differences between intervention groups for central augmentation index were − 1.25% (95% CI: − 3.28 to 0.78), central pulse pressure − 1.74 mmHg (95% CI − 4.79 to 1.31), central systolic blood pressure − 3.06 mmHg (− 7.08 to 0.96), and central diastolic blood pressure − 1.70 mmHg (− 3.74 to 0.34).

Conclusions
Intensive multifactorial treatment of screen-detected type 2 diabetes has a sustained positive effect on aortic stiffness measured by cfPWV. Although all estimates pointed in favor of intensive treatment, we observed no clear beneficial effect on other hemodynamic indices.
Quality assurance for automatically generated contours with additional deep learning
Authors: Isaksson Lars Johannes , Summers Paul , Bhalerao Abhir , Gandini Sara , Raimondi Sara , Pepa Matteo , Zaffaroni Mattia , Corrao Giulia , Mazzola Giovanni Carlo , Rotondi Marco , Lo Presti Giuliana , Haron Zaharudin , Alessi Sara , Pricolo Paola , Mistretta Francesco Alessandro , Luzzago Stefano , Cattani Federica , Musi Gennaro , De Cobelli Ottavio , Cremonesi Marta , Orecchia Roberto , Marvaso Giulia , Petralia Giuseppe , Jereczek-Fossa Barbara Alicja 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
Deploying an automatic segmentation model in practice should require rigorous quality assurance (QA) and continuous monitoring of the model’s use and performance, particularly in high-stakes scenarios such as healthcare. Currently, however, tools to assist with QA for such models are not available to AI researchers. In this work, we build a deep learning model that estimates the quality of automatically generated contours.

Methods
The model was trained to predict the segmentation quality by outputting an estimate of the Dice similarity coefficient given an image contour pair as input. Our dataset contained 60 axial T2-weighted MRI images of prostates with ground truth segmentations along with 80 automatically generated segmentation masks. The model we used was a 3D version of the EfficientDet architecture with a custom regression head. For validation, we used a fivefold cross-validation. To counteract the limitation of the small dataset, we used an extensive data augmentation scheme capable of producing virtually infinite training samples from a single ground truth label mask. In addition, we compared the results against a baseline model that only uses clinical variables for its predictions.

Results
Our model achieved a mean absolute error of 0.020 ± 0.026 (2.2% mean percentage error) in estimating the Dice score, with a rank correlation of 0.42. Furthermore, the model managed to correctly identify incorrect segmentations (defined in terms of acceptable/unacceptable) 99.6% of the time.

Conclusion
We believe that the trained model can be used alongside automatic segmentation tools to ensure quality and thus allow intervention to prevent undesired segmentation behavior.
The use of ICU resources in CAR-T cell recipients: a hospital-wide study
Authors: Valade Sandrine , Darmon Michael , Zafrani Lara , Mariotte Eric , Lemiale Virginie , Bredin Swann , Dumas Guillaume , Boissel Nicolas , Rabian Florence , Baruchel André , Madelaine Isabelle , Larghero Jérôme , Brignier Anne , Lengliné Etienne , Harel Stéphanie , Arnulf Bertrand , Di Blasi Roberta , Thieblemont Catherine , Azoulay Elie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCAR-T cell (chimeric antigen receptor T) therapy has emerged as an effective treatment of refractory hematological malignancies. Intensive care management is intrinsic to CAR-T cell therapy. We aim to describe and to assess outcomes in critically ill CAR-T cell recipients.Study design and methodsHospital-wide retrospective study. Consecutive CAR-T cell recipients requiring ICU admission from July 2017 and December 2020 were included.Results71 patients (median age 60 years [37–68]) were admitted to the ICU 6 days [4–7] after CAR-T cell infusion. Underlying malignancies included diffuse large B cell lymphoma (n = 53, 75%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (17 patients, 24%) and multiple myeloma (n = 1, 1.45%). Performance status (PS) was 1 [1–2]. Shock was the main reason for ICU admission (n = 40, 48%). Isolated cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was the most common complication (n = 33, 46%), while 21 patients (30%) had microbiologically documented bacterial infection (chiefly catheter-related infection). Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome was reported in 26 (37%) patients. At ICU admission, vasopressors were required in 18 patients (25%) and invasive mechanical ventilation in two. Overall, 49 (69%) and 40 patients (56%) received tocilizumab or steroids, respectively.Determinant of mortality were the reason for ICU admission (disease progression vs. sepsis or CRS (HR 4.02 [95%CI 1.10–14.65]), Performance status (HR 1.97/point [95%CI 1.14–3.41]) and SOFA score (HR 1.16/point [95%CI 1.01–1.33]).ConclusionsMeaningful survival could be achieved in up to half the CAR-T cell recipients. The severity of organ dysfunction is a major determinant of death, especially in patients with altered performance status or disease progression.
IL-1β promotes A7r5 and HASMC migration and invasion via the p38-MAPK/Angpt-2 pathway
Authors: Xu Anyu , Pei Jingchun , Yang Yunhong , Hua Baotong , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe migration, proliferation, and inflammatory factor secretion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are involved in the important pathological processes of several vascular occlusive diseases, including coronary atherosclerosis (CAS). Interleukin 1β(IL-1β), as a bioactive mediator of VSMC synthesis and secretion, can promote the pathological progress of CAS. In this study, we further explored the underlying molecular mechanisms by which IL-1β regulates VSMC migration, invasion. We pretreated A7r5 and HASMC with IL-1β for 24 h, and measured the expression of IL-1β, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP9) in the cells by Western blotting. Cell migration and invasion ability were measured by Transwell and wound healing assays. Cell viability was measured by an MTT assay. We found that IL-1β upregulated the expression of proliferation-related proteins (PCNA and Cyclin D1) in A7r5 and HASMC, and induces the secretion of MMP2 and MMP9, promotes cell invasion and migration. In addition, in A7r5 and HASMCs treated with IL-1β, the expression of Angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2) increased in a time-dependent manner, transfection with si-Angpt-2 suppressed cell migration and invasion, with downregulated MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Parallelly, we further found that the p38-MAPK pathway is activated in cells induced by IL-1β, p38-MAPK inhibitors can down-regulate the expression of Angpt-2. Collectively, these data demonstrated that IL-1β promotes A7r5 and HASMC migration and invasion via the p38-MAPK/Angpt-2 pathway.
Effects of topography and sea surface temperature anomalies on heavy rainfall induced by Typhoon Chaba in 2016
Authors: Cho Woojin , Park Jinyoung , Moon Jihong , Cha Dong-Hyun , Moon Yu-min , Kim Hyeon-Sung , Noh Kyoung-jo , Park Sang-Hwan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTyphoon Chaba made landfall on the Korean Peninsula in the fall of 2016, resulting in record-breaking rainfall in southeastern Korea. In particular, the Ulsan metropolitan region experienced the most severe floods due to heavy rainfall of 319 mm for just 3 h. The heavy rainfall was possibly associated with the mountainous southeastern Korea topography and the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the East China Sea. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used to investigate the effects of topography and SST anomalies through high-resolution numerical experiments. Simulation using original topography showed more rainfall on the windward and less on the leeward slope compared to the experiment with reduced topography around Ulsan. The moist flow in the typhoon was raised by orographic uplift, enhancing precipitation on the windward side and summits of the mountains. The orographically induced updraft extended to the mid-troposphere and contributed to the upward vertical moisture flux associated with rainfall. Therefore, the mountainous topography around Ulsan affected the local change in rainfall induced by the simulated typhoon. In addition, SST on the track of the typhoon controlled storm intensity and caused extreme precipitation changes. The experiment using the original SST in the East China Sea simulated less decayed typhoons and produced more precipitation compared to the experiment wherein the positive SST anomaly in the East China Sea was removed. The warm SST anomaly hindered the weakening of the typhoon moving northward to the mid-latitudes. At landfall, the stronger typhoon contained more water vapor, transported more moisture inland, and generated increased precipitation.
Numerical experiments on tsunami flow depth prediction for clustered areas using regression and machine learning models
Authors: Kamiya Masato , Igarashi Yasuhiko , Okada Masato , Baba Toshitaka 
Published: August 2022

AbstractEmergency responses during a massive tsunami disaster require information on the flow depth of land for rescue operations. This study aims to predict tsunami flow depth distribution in real time using regression and machine learning. Training data of 3480 earthquake-induced tsunamis in the Nankai Trough were constructed by numerical simulations. Initially, the k-means method was used to discriminate the areas with approximately the same flow depth. The number of clustered areas was 18, and the standard deviation of the flow depth data in a cluster was 0.46 m on average. The objective variables were the mean and standard deviation of the flow depth in the clustered areas. The explanatory variables were the maximum deviation of the water pressure at the seafloor observation points of the DONET observatory. We generated multiple regression equations for a power law using these datasets and the conjugate gradient method. Further, we employed the multilayer perceptron method, a machine learning technique, to evaluate the prediction performance. Both methods accurately predicted the tsunami flow depth calculated by testing 11 earthquake scenarios in the cabinet office of the government of Japan. The RMSE between the predicted and the true (via forward tsunami calculations) values of the mean flow depth ranged from 0.34–1.08 m. In addition to large-scale tsunami prediction systems, prediction methods with a robust and light computational load as used in this study are essential to prepare for unforeseen situations during large-scale earthquakes and tsunami disasters.
Graphical Abstract
The influence of gluteal muscle strength deficits on dynamic knee valgus: a scoping review
Authors: Rinaldi Vito Gaetano , Prill Robert , Jahnke Sonja , Zaffagnini Stefano , Becker Roland 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are caused by both contact and non-contact injuries. However, it can be claimed that non-contact ones account approximately for 70% of all cases. Thus, several authors have emphasized the role of reduction of muscle strength as a modifiable risk factor referred to non-contact ACL injury, with the latter being targeted by specific training interventions.The present paper wants to review the available literature specifically on the relationship between dynamic knee valgus, gluteal muscles (GM) strength, apart from the potential correlation regarding ACL injury.After a research based on MEDLINE via PubMed, Google scholar, and Web of Science, a total of 29 articles were collected and thus included.Additionally, this review highlights the crucial role of gluteal muscles in maintaining a correct knee position in the coronal plane during different exercises, namely walking, running, jumping and landing.
Characterization of water masses around the southern Ryukyu Islands based on isotopic compositions
Authors: Cruz Salmeron Andros Daniel , Takayanagi Hideko , Wakaki Shigeyuki , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi , Miyajima Toshihiro , Wakaki Hitomi , Itaki Takuya , Iryu Yasufumi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe investigated the water-mass structure on the Okinawa Trough and Pacific sides of the southern Ryukyu Island Arc (Yonaguni, Iriomote, and Ishigaki subareas) using the Nd isotope composition (143Nd/144Nd ratios; expressed as εNd values) of benthic foraminiferal tests in surface sediments, which reflect bottom-water composition, along with hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions (δD and δ18O values, respectively) and physical properties (temperature and salinity) of seawater. The Okinawa Trough side has lower εNd values than the Pacific side due to continental/island material inputs characterized by relatively low εNd values. Moreover, within the Okinawa Trough, other processes control the Nd behavior of seawater and primarily affect the Yonaguni and Iriomote subareas, as follows. (1) Surface and subsurface waters are influenced by Taiwanese river discharge combined with temporospatial variations in oceanographic conditions including Kuroshio Current meandering. (2) Intermediate water is characterized by low εNd values (down to − 8.2), possibly attributable to sediment plumes and turbiditic fluxes. (3) The εNd values of bottom water indicate upwelling and vertical mixing, with composition therefore being similar to those of intermediate water. The εNd profiles are better defined on the Pacific side. High εNd values occur in surface and subsurface (< 300 m depth, potential density < 25.0 kg m−3) waters, and low values (down to − 7.0) occur in subsurface–core-intermediate water (400–600 m depth, 26–27 kg m−3). εNd values increase slightly to − 4.0 below 750 m depth and remain constant down to about 2000 m depth, below which deep water shows a slight decrease in εNd values. Intermediate and bottom/deep waters are distinguished from upper layers by their lower δD and δ18O values.