bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling Cereal Leaf Beetles with Insecticides Applied at Planting in Spring Oats, 1983
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Hynson Teresa P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Disulfoton 8 and Furadan 4F treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling cereal leaf beetle populations in spring-planted oats. Insecticides were applied on 23 Mar., 1 week after planting ‘Noble’ oats on the Russell Settle Farm near Warsaw, Va. A randomized block design was employed with four replications. Individual plots were 8.8 by 3.0 m and spaced 0.91 m apart. Each insecticide was applied with a backpack sprayer containing a single cone nozzle that delivered 30 gal of furnished formulation per acre at 40 lb/in2 . The efficacy of individual insecticide treatments were determined 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12 weeks after application by inspecting whole plants for the presence of live larvae and eggs per 0.3 m of row. Yield estimates were obtained by harvesting the two center rows of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 14% moisture.
Comparison of Acephate Formulations for Control of Adult Grasshoppers on Rangeland, 1983
Authors: Foster R. Nelson , Reuter K. C. , Smith M. E. , Swain J. L. , Dyer R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Each of two 640-acre adjacent square blocks of 5th stage to adult grasshopper economically-infested mixed-grass rangeland 14 miles northeast of San Carlos, Ariz., was used for the test. The population was intentionally allowed to develop to an advanced age structure to achieve a more severe test of the formulations since younger grasshoppers generally require less insecticide for control. Normal control programs would usually be conducted on a younger age structure. Each block was aerially sprayed with either the Orthene Tree and Ornamental Spray or Orthene Speciality Concentrate formulation of acephate at 0.094 lb (AI)/acre in a total volume of 32 oz/acre on 11 to 13 July 1983. Both treatments were diluted with water and contained Grandma’s Onsulfured Molasses (added for feeding enhancement) and Nalcoetrol (an anti-evaporate, anti-drift additive) at the respective rates of 3% by volume and 9 oz/100 gal of mix. Both treatments were applied from an Cessna Ag Truck aircraft operating at 120 mph. Twelve 804 flat fan stainless steel Tee Jet nozzle tips directed 45° down and aft were used to apply the treatments at an altitude of 50 ft and 38 lb/in2 . A working swath width of 75 ft was used.
Sorghum Webworm Control, 1983
Authors: Riley Thomas J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three insecticides were evaluated for control of the sorghum webworm at the LSU, Idlewild Exp. St., East Feliciana Parish, La. Funks 522 DR grain sorghum was planted in a conventional manner on 11 July. Treatments were 50 ft by one row with an untreated row between treatments. A completely randomized block design was used with four replications, 5-ft alleys between replicates and 38 in. row spacing. Insecticides were applied using a back-pack, CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 16 gal/acre at 55 lb/in2 through a single Teejet 8002 E nozzle. Sprays were applied from approximately 6 in. above the sorghum heads on 14 Sep. A pretreatment count of 100 randomly-selected heads in the test area yielded a mean of 17.9 webworms per head. The effectiveness of the insecticides was evaluated on 16 Sep. by counting the number of webworms shaken from 20 randomly selected heads from each treatment in each replication. The heads were brought into the laboratory, shaken over a white porcelin pan and inspected for live webworms that failed to dislodge.
Control of Small, Medium, and Large Velvetbean Caterpillars, Total Soybean Loopers, and Total Green Cloverworms on Soybeans in Alabama, 1983
Authors: Deighan J. , Backman C. B. , Mack T. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This field test was conducted on soybeans planted at the Auburn University Wiregrass Agric. Exp. Substn. at Headland, Ala. Nine treatments and an untreated check were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Each 0.012 acre plot was four rows wide (40-in. row spacing) and 40 ft long. Treatments were applied on 16 Sept. with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer equipped with one control droplet applicator nozzle per row adjusted to produce approximately 150 micron droplets. Spray pressure was 20 lb/in2 and the sprayer was delivering 1.6 gal/acre. Each of three insecticides (Ambush, Cymbush, and DPX 5249, a more oil-soluble formulation of Lannate) were applied alone, with soybean oil, and with Agridex. Agitation was achieved with recirculation of the insecticide solution. Insect populations were sampled by placing a standard 3-ft beat sheet between the rows and beating the plants on both sides. Larvae were identified and recorded; velvetbean caterpillar larvae were separated into small (instars 1 to 2), medium (instars 3 to 4), and large (instars 5 +) larvae. F6ur samples from each plot were taken 3, 7, and 11 days postspray (19, 23, and 27 Sept.)
Soil-Applied Insecticide Treatments on Soybeans, 1983
Authors: Hammond Ronald B. , Nettleton Elaine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established at three branches of the OARDC; 30 plots at Hoytville and South Charleston and 36 plots at Wooster. Plots measured 50 ft by four rows (30-in. centers) and were bordered by two rows. Experimental design was a randomized complete block; three blocks each with 10 treatments at Hoytville and South Charleston, three blocks each with 12 treatments at Wooster. Treatments were applied in-furrow or banded at planting or as a seed treatment. Planting dates were: Hoytville - 9 June, South Charleston - 1 June, Wooster - 11 May. A two-row John Deere planter with Gandy applicators was used. Plants were sampled throughout the summer with a 15-in. diameter sweep net (20 sweeps per plot). Seedcorn maggots were sampled with adult emergence traps at Wooster. Soybeans were examined o.n all sampling dates for evidence of phytotoxicity. Plants were hand harvested in early Oct. in all locations.
Bean Leaf Beetle and Potato Leafhopper Control in Soybean, 1983
Authors: Ragsdale David W. , Loughran James C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four insecticides were evaluated to determine their effects on bean leaf beetle, potato leafhopper, and the predator complex. The trial was conducted at the Southern Agricultural Experiment Station, Waseca, MN. Plots measured six rows (30-in. centers) by 60 ft arranged in a randomized complete block with four replicates. Treatments were applied on 27 July, with a 3-row, CO2 backpack sprayer. All insecticides were applied at 30 lb/in2 (27.0 gal/acre) except Sevin XLR which was applied at 15 lb/in2 (11.5 gal/acre). Soybeans were in the R4 growth stage. Plants were sampled with a 15-in. diameter sweepnet (50 sweeps per plot) on 27 July (pretreatment), 28 July (24 h posttreatment), and 1 Aug. (5 days posttreatment). Sweep samples were bagged in the field, frozen, and examined in the laboratory. Plants were inspected each sampling date and on 22 Aug. (26 days posttreatment) for signs of phytotoxicity.
Control of Tobacco Budworms and Tobacco Hornworms with

Bacillus Thuringiensis

Var.

Kurstaki

, 1982
Authors: Lampert E. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco was transplanted into plots 80 ft long and 4-rows wide (15 ft) in a Norfolk loamy sand soil on 29 Apr. at the Central Crops Res. Stn. Clayton, N.C. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with three replicates. On 10 June, fifteen 2-day old Heliothis virescens larvae, from a laboratory culture, were placed in the buds of 15 uniform sized plants in the two left-most rows in each plot. On 11 June, treatments were applied to these two rows usiing a John Deere Hi-Cycle 600 boom sprayer fitted with single D2-33 FC nozzle per row. Sprays were applied at 60 lb/in2 at 1.4 mph to deliver 25 gal of finished spray per acre. At 3 and 10 days after application, the plants that had received budworms were examined and all larvae counted. Fourteen days posttreatment a defoliation count was made on the same plants. Approximately 1 month posttreatment, all plants in the 2 border rows were cut to leave 3 to 4 leaf nodes. Suckers grew from these leaf nodes and after ca. 2 weeks, all but one healthy sucker per plant were removed. On 15 July, 15 uniform sized suckers per row in each plot were infested with budworms as previously described. On 20 July, these rows were treated as described above and the two left-most rows acted as a buffer. Surviving budworms were counted 3, 6, and 10 days posttreatment while a leaf damage count (measured in 1/10 leaf equivalent per plant and summed over all 30 plants) was made after 14 days. A natural infestation of tobacco hornworms was also present and evaluated 3 and 10 days posttreatment from 10 random plants per row (20 per plot). Hornworm defoliation was estimated 21 days posttreatment. Data were transformed to the square root of count + 0.5 before analysis of variance.
Control of Tobacco Budworms and Tobacco Hornworms with Foliar Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Lampert E. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Tobacco was transplanted into plots 80 ft by 15 ft (four rows) on 17 May, at the Central Crops Res. Stn., Clayton, N.C. The predominant soil type was Marlboro loamy sand. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete-block design having three replicates. On 22 June, 15 uniformly sized plants from each of the two left-most rows in each plot were selected, tagged and infested with a single 2-day old laboratory culture budworm larva. The two right-most rows in each plot were untreated and acted as a buffer. Treatments were applied on 23 June, using a John Deere Hi-Cycle 600 sprayer fitted with a single D2-33FC nozzle per row. Sprays were applied at 60 lb/in2 at 1.4 mph to deliver ca. 24 gal of finished spray per acre. The ABG treatments were applied using a CO2, powered sprayer fitted with 2 D2-33FC nozzles (one per row) at 60 lb/in2 mounted on the spray rig traveling at 1.4 mph. Four and 8 days postapplication, the 30 tagged plants were examined and surviving budworm larvae counted. Leaf consumption by budworm larvae (measured in 1/10 leaf equivalents/plants and summed over all 30 plants) was estimated after 14 days. Approximately 1 month after the first application, all plants in the buffer rows (the two right-most) were cut to leave 3 to 4 leaves per plant and all debris was hauled from the plots. Suckers were allowed to grow for ca. 2 weeks and then all but one undamaged sucker were removed from every plant. On 4, 15 Aug., uniform sized plants having one small natural infestation budworm larva were tagged in each row. Treatments were applied 5 Aug. as described earlier. Three and 6 days after application the tagged plants were examined and all surviving budworms and naturally occurring hornworms were counted. Leaf consumption by tobacco budworms was estimated (as described above) after 14 days. Hornworm damage (total number of plants per plot with &gt;50% defoliation) was estimated 24 days posttreatment.
Control of an Uncommon Pest Attacking Floe-Cured Tobacco, 1982
Authors: Lampert E. P. , Southern P. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
During April 1982, numerous reports were received of cutworm damage to newly set tobacco. Upon collection, these “cutworms” were determined (by D. L. Stephan) to be Sunira bicolorago (Guenée). This species is not normally a pest of tobacco (though it has previously been recorded on tobacco) and is generally associated with woodlots. A test was initiated 28 Apr. along one border of a commercial tobacco field in Duplin Co., N.C. Six treatments were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with three replications. Each plot was four rows (16 ft) wide and 60 ft long. All four rows were treated, but evaluations were made on the middle two rows. In these rows, 20 additional plants were transplanted immediately before treatment for damage evaluation. Bait formulations were applied to one side of each row using a shaker can. Sprayables were applied over the row through three CE-3 nozzles using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer. Sprays were applied at 30 lb/in2 to deliver ca 62 gal/acre. At 2- and 4-day posttreatment intervals, 10 alternate plants were removed and evaluated for cutworm feeding on stems and leaves. The number of damaged plants (stem and leaf damage) and the total number of damaged leaves was recorded.
Control of the Green Peach Aphid and Tobacco Hornworm on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Soil-Applied Insecticides, 1982
Authors: Southern P. S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A test was conducted on commercially grown tobacco in Wayne Co., N.C. The soil type was Goldsboro sandy loam. Plots were 0.020 acre (16 by 54.4 ft), four rows wide, separated on each side by a vacant row and on the ends by a 20-ft alley. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete-design with four replications. Broadcast sprays were applied 14 Apr. using a tractor-mougted boom sprayer delivering ca. 25 gal finished spray per acre through 8004 flat fan nozzles at 35 lb/in2. Incorporation was accomplished by discing twice in opposite directions. The broad band treatment was applied in a 14 in. band over the top of a partially formed bed using a tractor-mounted electric granular applicator (30 Apr.). This band was covered by 2 to 3 in. of soil with a hilling disc. Narrow band treatments were applied 30 Apr. in a 2 to 3 in. band ca. 3 in. below the surface of a partially formed bed and covered with an additional 2 to 3 in. of soil. Transplant water treatments were made 4 May using the farmer’s tractor-drawn transplanter delivering 75 gal/acre. Sidedress treatments were applied in a 2 to 3 in. band ca. 2 in. below the surface to one side of each row (25 May). Twenty plants in the middle two rows were rated for aphid infestation as follows: 0, fewer than 10 aphids on any one leaf; 1, 11 to 50 aphids on any one leaf; 2, 50+ aphids on any leaf; 3 plant heavily infested, honeydew and sooty mold obvious. Plants rated 2 or 3 were considered infested. Aphids were counted on the first leaf from the top at least 6 in. long or the second leaf from the top after topping (10 plants). Hornworms were counted on 20 plants in the middle two rows. After curing, each plot per harvest was weighed and graded. Government grades were converted to a quality index and a weighted average computed. All variables were subjected to an analysis of variance and means separated using the Waller-Duncan K ratio t test (K-ratio = 100). Before analysis, aphid and hornworm numbers were transformed to the square root of N +0.5. Infestation ratings were converted to a proportion of the maximum possible and these and % infested plants were subjected to an arc sine transformation.
Aphid Control on Spring Wheat with Foliar Applied Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Bishop Guy , Blackmer Jackie , Sandvol Larry 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Owens’ wheat was planted on 5 Apr., at Roswell, Idaho, in a furrow-irrigated field. Plots were 3 ft wide by 20 ft long and each was bordered by a 3-ft buffer strip that provided access. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied on 16 Jul. with a CO2 pressurized hand held sprayer at 50 lb/in2 pressure and at a rate of 40 gal/acre. Wheat heads were in the early soft dough stage of development. Aphids were sampled by examining 20 tillers taken at random through the length of the plot. Yield estimates were made by hand harvesting heads from 10 row-ft per plot. The population consisted of 60% English grain aphids, 36% rose grass aphids and 4% other species. English grain aphids made up 96% of the total on heads; 86% of those on leaves were rose grass aphids.
Cereal Leaf Beetle Control in Wheat, 1983
Authors: Hynson Teresa P. , Ferguson Holly J. , Mcpherson Robert M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling cereal leaf beetle larve in soft red winter wheat. Foliar insecticides were applied on 11 May on ‘Feland’ wheat at the Joe Hicks Farm near Warsaw, Va. A randomized block design was utilized with four replications. Individual plots were 6.1 by 1.9m and spaced 0.91 m apart. Spray concentrate was applied with a CO2, compressed air sprayer at 29 lb/in2 that delivered 33.7 gallons of finished formula per acre. Flat fan, Tee Jet AL8004, nozzles were used. The efficacy of inidividual insecticide treatments was determined 2, 7, 14, and 21 days after application by inspecting whole plants for the presence of live larvae per 10 culms. Yield estimates were obtained from 12.2-m of row samples collected from the center two rows of each plot. Yields were adjusted to 13% moisture.
Insecticide Efficacy for Army Cutworm in Winter Wheat, 1983
Authors: Morrill Wendell L. , Weiss M. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Experimental and registered insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against army cutworm in Big Horn County, Mont. Winter wheat was seeded in 12-in. rows in the fall of 1982. Plots were 8 by 20 ft with three applications of each treatment utilizing a completely randomized design. Insecticides were applied on 31 Mar. with a back-pack sprayer at 30 lb/in2 and volume of 20 gal/acre. Treatments were evaluated on 17 Apr. by sampling the soil surrounding the middle two rows for 6 ft of linear row.
Toxicity of Orthene 75S to Pandora Moth, 1982
Authors: Robertson Jacqueline L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Second stage pandora moths were collected near the north rim of the Grand Canyon in October 1982 and shipped on ponderosa pine foliage to Berkeley, Calif. Small ponderosa pine branches were clipped to fit into a 200-ml plastic specimen containers. The stem was inserted into a hole in the bottom of an inverted container, and 10 larvae were placed on the needles 24 h before spray application. Immediately before spray, a 15-cm diameter filter paper with a single radial slit was positioned around the stem and beneath the needles to catch any larvae falling during treatment. Spray was applied to individual branches at a volume equivalent of 9.35 liters/ha with a laboratory spray chamber during an exposure period of 60 sec. Orthene 75S was formulated in distilled water on the basis of weight per unit volume of the active ingredient. Eight concentrations were serially diluted from a concentrated source for each of three replications of the experiment. Two branches were sprayed with each concentration within a replication. A control group sprayed with water only was included with each replication. After treatment, the filter paper was removed, any fallen insects placed back on the branch, and the stem was clipped free of the treatment container. The branch and insects were placed within a clean specimen container, and the container was closed with a paper lid. Mortality was tallied after 7 days.
Apple, Pear, Cherry: Kelthane Phytotoxicity, 1983
Authors: Pfeiffer Douglas G. , Ponton Leo F. , Eldridge M. Darrell 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Kelthane 4F at high rates was applied to apple, pear and cherry trees to determine phytotoxicity. The rate on apple and pear was 4.0 lb (AI)/acre (0.57 gal/100 gal). The rate for cherry was 3.2 lb (AD/acre (0.45 gal/100 gal). Eight trees (two per cultivar) were used per treatment in the apple and pear tests. Five trees were used per treatment in the cherry test. Applications were made by airblast sprayer on 25 May and 14 Jun.
Twospotted Spider Mite Control on Diepfenbachia, Ala., 1983
Authors: Stephenson J. C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Nine insecticides were compared for control of spider mites on dieffenbachia. Plants were grown under 65% shade in 2-liter plastic pots containing a peat moss/pine bark medium. Treatments were applied on 22 Sep. (79°F) to upper and lower leaf surfaces to runoff with hand-pumpled, compressed air sprayers. There were four single-plant replicates arranged in a completely randomized design. Mortality was evaluated 14 days after application using a Llanfair Orchard leaf brushing machine and microscope.
Control of Elm Leaf Beetles on Siberian Elm, 1983
Authors: King Ed , Bartheld Bill , Price Richard , Pinkston Ken 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test was conducted on a windbreak planting of Siberian elms, approximately 20 ft tall, located 2 mi south of Stillwater, Okla. Trees were treated on 2 Jul. when the temperature was 91°F, the wind velocity was 5 to 10 mph and the majority of the larvae were 2nd_instars. Application equipment consisted of a Macro R-20 sprayer which delivered 1.6 gal/min at 200 lb/in2. Trees were treated to runoff. Injections of Bidrin were made by inserting feeder tubes of 1-ml capsules at 6 in. intervals in root flares around the base of the tree. Treatments were randomized and replicated 3 times. Larval counts were made by examining 18 in. of terminal branch at 10 locations per tree.
Reduction of Aphids on Honeysuckle, Lancaster Co., Neb., 1983
Authors: Jones J. Ackland 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticide treatments were evaluated for reduction of witchesbroom producing aphids. The test was conducted on Zabel honey-suckle bushes using a randomized block design with five replications. The plants were approximately 3 ft tall with a 2 1/2 to 3-ft crown, planted on 4-ft spacings. Treated and check plants were separated from each other by at least one other plant. On 14 Jun., the insecticides were applied to run-off with a 2-gal compressed air sprayer. Air temperature at application was 75°F. Before treatment, aphid counts were made on the terminal 2 in. of two shoots per plant. Three days posttreatment, 17 Jun., counts were made on the terminal 2in. of four shoots per plant. One-half inch of rain fell 15 Jun., 36 to 42 h after treatment.
Hemispherical Scale Control on

Euonymus

, 1982
Authors: Davidson John A. , Raupp Michael J. , Wilson Alvin M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirty Euonymus plants 6 to 8 in. tall in 3 in. pots were selected for testing. All were heavily infested with first and second instar scales. Each plant was randomly assigned to one of six treatments and pretreatment counts of scales were made. Materials were applied with a compressed air sprayer on 18 Aug at an ambient temperature of 88°F. Posttreatment counts were made on 20 Aug. and 17 Sep. with a stereomicroscope. Dead scales appeared brown and did not respond to probing and live scales were light green, translucent and responsive. All plants were maintained in a greenhouse.
Control of Bagworms on Chinese Juniper, 1983
Authors: Price Richard , Pinkston Ken , King Ed , Bartheld Bill 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bagworm control was evaluated on Chinese junipers that were located at a nursing home in Stillwater, Okla. The plants were 4 to 5 ft high and 10 to 15 ft wide. Treatments were randomized and replicated three times. Plants were sprayed until runoff with a Macro R-20 sprayer which delivered 1.6 gal/min at 200 lb/in2. The plants were treated on 11 Jul. when the temperature was 92°F. Mortality was determined by examining 10 larvae from each replication at 1, 4, 7, 14, and 21 days after application.
Calico Scale Control on Maple, 1982
Authors: Davidson John A. , Raupp Michael J. , Wilson Alvin M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five amur maples 8 to 12 ft high, growing along a campus walk were selected for this test. They were heavily infested on the lower branches by the Calico scale. At six points around each tree, one leaf, 3 feet from the ground, was randomly selected. The settled nymphs were counted on each leaf and each leaf was marked for post count recognition. Applications were made on 4 Sep. between 1:00 and 3:00 p.m. The ambient temperature was 85°F with clear sky. Foliar spray was applied to runoff with a compression sprayer. The number of living scales was recounted on each leaf 21 days after treatment (DAT). Pre- and postspray counts were transformed (log transformation) and an ANOVA was used to compare the difference between the pre- and postspray counts among treatments.