bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the hair density, thickness, and volume in normal and androgenetic alopecia subjects with the digital microscope
Authors: Chang W. C. , Chen K. Y. , Cheng S. Y. , Hsu C. K. , Yang C. C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundScalp hair density and hair diameters were the two key parameters to the diagnosis of hair loss diseases, including androgenetic alopecia (AGA).ObjectivesTo comprehensively map the hair density and the ratio of terminal‐to‐vellus hair numbers (T/V ratio) on different scalp sites in subjects of different genders, ages, body mass index, and stages of AGA. The impact of the two parameters on visual perception of the hair volume was evaluated.MethodsNormal and AGA subjects of both genders were included. Trichosopic pictures were taken by a hand‐held digital microscope at the 11 designed anatomical sites on the scalp and the hair density and T/V ratio were measured based on the pictures. The T/V ratio was defined as the ratio of non‐vellus (terminal or intermediate) hair count to vellus hair count.ResultsIn subjects with normal scalp (n = 49), the hair density and T/V ratio were highest at the parietal and vertex sites in men and women, respectively. In AGA subjects (n = 111), the hair density was significantly decreased at the frontal, parietal and vertex sites in both genders. The hair density at the occipital sites was not significantly changed in alopecia subjects of both genders, but in female alopecia subjects the occipital hair density showed a steadily decreasing trend as the AGA severity increased. The perception of hair volume was impacted more greatly by the T/V ratio than the hair number density.ConclusionThe hand‐held digital microscope (videodermoscope) was an easily accessible and noninvasive tool to evaluate hair parameters, in which hair diameters better determined the visual perception of alopecia in AGA.
Cascaded Photon Confinement‐Mediated Orthogonal RGB‐Switchable NaErF4‐Cored Upconversion Nanoarchitectures for Logicalized Information Encryption and Multimodal Luminescent Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Wang Yang , Hu Po , Zhong Wei , Jia Hong , Qiu Jianrong , Fu Jiajun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOrthogonal upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have received increasing research attention due to their unique optical performance. However, the establishment of the orthogonal UCNPs emitting primary red/green/blue (RGB) UCL remains a great challenge. Herein, RGB‐switchable NaErF4‐cored core–multishell UCNPs (RGB‐UCNPs) are constructed through the coordinative implementation of outside‐in cascaded photon harvesting and interfacial energy‐transfer (IET) inhibition. By modulating several constructional factors, the power‐density‐independent red, green, and blue luminescence in high color purity is readily available in the elaborated RGB‐UCNPs under 1550, 808, and 980 nm excitations, respectively. Notably, full‐color emissions, involving red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, magenta and white, are dynamically implemented in this single architecture through manipulating the excitation power of the combined 1550/808/980 nm lasers. These emission profiles of RGB‐UCNPs make them promising in broad photonic applications. As a proof of concept, the viability of the logicalized information encryption strategy and smartphone APP‐assisted multimodal luminescent QR code anti‐counterfeiting technique is demonstrated, which are both established based on directly useable RGB‐UCNPs with assistance of a self‐built combined laser system. This work not only opens up a new avenue to gain RGB‐switchable UCL and flexible full‐color output in a single nanostructure, but also provides enlightenment for developing the application scenarios of multicolor‐tunable UCNPs.
Ampicillin enhanced the resistance of Myzus persicae to imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole
Authors: Li Zengxin , Li Wenhong , Qin Weiwei , Liu Jingyou , He Yueping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent studies have shown that symbionts are involved in regulating insecticide detoxification in insects. However, there are few studies on the relationship between the symbionts found in Myzus persicae and the mechanism underlying host detoxification of insecticides. In this study, antibiotic ampicillin treatment was used to investigate the possible relationship between symbiotic bacteria and the detoxification of insecticides in the host, M. persicae.RESULTSBioassays showed that ampicillin significantly reduced the susceptibilities of M. persicae to imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole. Synergistic bioassays and RNAi assays showed that the susceptibilities of M. persicae to imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole were related to metabolic detoxification enzyme activities and the expression level of the cytochrome P450 gene, CYP6CY3. Also, treatment to a combination of ampicillin and enzyme inhibitors or dsCYP6CY3 showed that the negative effect of ampicillin on the susceptibility of M. persicae was effectively inhibited bydetoxification enzyme inhibitors and dsCYP6CY3. Additionally, ampicillin treatment resulted in significant increases in the activities of multifunctional oxidases and esterases, the expression level of CYP6CY3 and fitness of M. persicae. Further, ampicillin significantly reduced the total bacterial abundance and changed symbiont diversity in M. persicae. The abundance of Pseudomonadaceae decreased significantly, while the abundance of Rhodococcus and Buchnera increased significantly.CONCLUSIONOur study showed that ampicillin enhanced the resistance levels to imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole of M. persicae, which might be related to the selective elimination of symbiotic bacteria, the upregulated activities of detoxification enzymes and the increased fitness. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimal river flow management to reduce flood risks: A case study in northeastern Thailand
Authors: Luangwilai Thiansiri , Thammawichai Mason 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFloods during the rainy or monsoon season are typical for Thailand. Flooding occurs when a significant amount of water overflows a shoreline and floods cities and agricultural areas. Losses can be substantially reduced if the flow of the river system is managed appropriately. The objective of this work is to solve the flood forecast problem by formulating a time‐varying optimization problem with ODE constraints to manage the river flow. We demonstrate our concept in the province of Ubon Ratchathani, one of the most flooded areas in northeastern Thailand. The results illustrate that our proposed method will enable operators to efficiently forecast, monitor, and operate the entire river system to mitigate flood risk. Our method is simple and computationally inexpensive, which means that it can be applied to real‐time monitoring systems. Moreover, it is a generalized model that can be extended to a more complicated river system.
Experiences with the automotive SPICE for cybersecurity assessment model and tools
Authors: Messnarz Richard , Ekert Damjan , Macher Georg , Much Alexander , Zehetner Tobias , Aschbacher Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn August 2021 the ISO 21434:2021 standard for Road vehicles—Cybersecurity Engineering has been published. At the same time the blue book from VDA (Verein der Deutschen Automobilgesellschaft; German Automotive Association) for Automotive SPICE cybersecurity assessments has been released. In addition in the period September–December 2021 the training material for iNTACS (INTernational Assessor Certification Schema) certified Automotive SPICE for cybersecurity assessors has been developed. Since February 2022 the upgrade training of assessors worldwide has started. Beside the ASPICE (Automotive SPICE) for cybersecurity blue book also a red book from VDA has been published. The red book describes the questions to check in an ACSMS (Automotive CyberSecurity Management System) audit. This paper explains the main strategy and content for ASPICE for Cybersecurity assessments and how such assessments are integrated to the overall ACSMS strategy. Also, the paper outlines an example method and tool used in ASPICE for cybersecurity assessments and how such assessment results will look like.
Peak factor estimation method of non‐Gaussian wind pressures on long‐span tri‐centered cylindrical roof structures
Authors: Wu Yanru , Wen Zhang , Wu Xiaohong , Lv Hang , Sun Qing 
Published: December 2022

SummaryCladdings are susceptible to damage due to underestimation of extreme wind‐induced surface pressures. Commonly accepted methods for estimating the peak factor (an input used to determine cladding design loads) involve complex calculation‐intensive procedures. This research develops a four‐parameter unified auto‐spectral model of wind pressure to simplify peak factor estimation of wind‐induced surface pressure via analysis of wind tunnel wind load data on tri‐centered cylindrical roofs. Values of the model parameters were identified via statistical analysis of wind tunnel wind pressure measurement on two long‐span tri‐centered cylindrical roof structures with different curvatures. The study identified roof regions with non‐Gaussian features by inspecting probabilistic density functions of the standardized wind‐induced roof pressures and the third‐ and fourth‐order statistical moments of wind pressure time histories. The paper ultimately proposed and evaluated a simplified method for estimating the peak factors in the non‐Gaussian regions, the Three‐parameter Hermite Model, derived through the moment‐based Hermite Model, the Revised Hermite Model, and the parameter simplification accomplished in this study. The results show that the auto‐spectral model of wind‐induced roof pressures can accurately estimate the zero‐ and second‐order spectral moments, which reflects the wind pressure fluctuating characteristics and geometric features of spectral curves. Compared with the peak factors of the moment‐based Hermite Model and the Revised Hermite Model, the peak factor errors estimated by the Three‐parameter Hermite Model are all less than 10%. These results suggest that the Three‐parameter Hermite Model simplifies the calculation with acceptable accuracy.
How Gender Quotas Work in Switzerland
Authors: Fuchs Gesine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs a democratic latecomer, Switzerland enfranchised women in 1971. In 2019, the Swiss elected 42% women to the lower chamber (Nationalrat) with no legal quota in force and only few parties with list quota. How did this happen? In Switzerland with its crosscutting cleavages, several institutionalized mechanisms to cope with divisive aspects of diversity have been developed, among others, informal quota and proportional representation. They seem to have spilled over to the question of gender in politics. This chapter analyses the workings of (formal) gender quota on party lists and the significance of (informal) gender quota for the election of national ministers: when parties nominate candidates for legislative and executive office, gender is one feature among others (like region, age, profession or party wing) that should be addressed. It discusses in which respect informal quotas can serve as institutional equivalents to legal gender quota in politics and if this solution is sustainable.
Integrated Farming Management Practices in Sub-Saharan Africa: Toward a Sustainable African Green Revolution
Authors: Muraoka Rie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study investigates the possibilities and limitations of integrated farming management practices, such as sustainable intensification, integrated soil fertility management, climate-smart agriculture (CSA), and conservation agriculture (CA) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), based on a literature review. We first introduce the concept of these practices as a means to improve land productivity while maintaining agricultural sustainability. Subsequently, we show the adoption determinants and their effects based on recently published empirical studies in SSA. Finally, we conclude with the policy implications and research agenda to disseminate optimum integrated farming management practices and achieve a sustainable African Green Revolution in SSA.
Facilitating Inclusive Use of ICTs in Rural China
Authors: Huang Jikun , Su Lanlan , Liu Xinyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe usage of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is increasingly becoming an important driving force for transforming the rural economy in China. Using a unique nationally-representative household survey dataset in 2015–2019, this study documents the overall trends of internet access, computer and smartphone usage, and e-commerce adoption in rural China and examines the main factors affecting farmers’ adoption of major ICTs. The results show that the increase in usage of ICTs has been impressive. Empirical analyses suggest that human capital, resource endowment, ICT infrastructure, and neighborhood influence are the main determinants of households’ or individuals’ adoption of ICTs. However, a digital divide has emerged across regions and among farmers. This study concludes with several policy implications for fostering rapid and inclusive usage of ICTs in rural areas in the coming digital era.
EdTech for Equity in China: Can Technology Improve Teaching for Millions of Rural Students?
Authors: Abbey Cody , Yue Ma , Li Guirong , Loyalka Prashant , Rozelle Scott 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDespite major advancements in China’s K-12 educational outcomes over the past several decades, large regional inequities in academic achievement still exist, a proximal cause of which are gaps in teaching quality. Although conventional approaches to improving teaching quality for disadvantaged populations have overall been unsuccessful in China (i.e., student relocation to better-resourced urban schools, attracting high-quality teachers to low-resource rural schools, and rural teacher training), technology-assisted instruction may play a role in bridging these gaps. This paper explores why conventional approaches to improving teaching have not been effective in rural China and then describes the potential applications of technology-assisted instruction based on the small but growing body of empirical literature evaluating such interventions in other low- and middle-income countries. The paper concludes that while other (non-tech) interventions have thus far been ineffective at raising teaching quality, China may be uniquely positioned to harness technology-assisted instruction due to a favorable ecosystem for the scaling of EdTech in rural areas, though much more experimental research is necessary to assess which approaches and technologies are most cost-effective and how to best scale them.
Mobile Revolution and Rural Development
Authors: Matsumoto Tomoya , Munyegera Ggombe Kasim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMobile phones have spread rapidly over the last two decades and are now being used even in rural areas of low-income countries, where the poor are concentrated. The number of mobile phone subscriptions per 100 people in the Sub-Saharan Africa region went from 1.7 in 2000 to 82.4 in 2018, meaning that mobile phones have spread to almost all regions and all social classes. The widespread use of mobile phones has made it possible to deliver voice and text information to remote areas at a low cost and has also triggered a variety of services using mobile phones as a platform. Particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, electronic payment services on mobile phones or ‘mobile money’ rapidly spread and changed people’s lives. This significant change involves not only the urban wealthy but also the rural farmers who previously had little access to financial services. This essay summarizes the findings from the authors’ recent research on the impact of the mobile revolution on the lives of rural residents in developing economies.
Structural Transformation and Development Experience from Asian Countries
Authors: Sawada Yasuyuki 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStructural transformation is one of the critical drivers of growth and development worldwide. In all countries that achieved development success, agriculture’s share of output and employment declined as industry’s share grew, followed by ‘deindustrialization,’ as services became dominant. Also, we observed productivity upgrading from low to high within each of the three sectors. Asia achieved structural transformation at a much faster speed than other developed regions partly because of the continuous deterioration of agricultural terms of trade. At the same time, the manufacturing industry drives Asia’s rapid growth because it has a number of essential features, such as a large scope for innovation and technological progress, scale economies, and the creation of better-paying jobs for a broad population. Yet, a few countries in Asia, such as the Philippines, face a critical question: can industrialization be bypassed for development? This chapter approaches these trends and issues by looking at aggregate statistics and long household panel data to discuss the Asian type of ‘canonical industrialization’ and ‘premature deindustrialization
Competition, Antitrust, and Agricultural Development in Asia
Authors: Balisacan Arsenio M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCompetition law—also known as antitrust in some jurisdictions—has become part of governments’ policy arsenal to achieve efficient and welfare-improving market outcomes. From only a handful of economies in North America and Europe, the adoption of competition law and policy has spread rapidly to Asian economies since 1990. Like their Western counterparts several decades earlier, most Asian jurisdictions have exempted agriculture, albeit in varying degrees, from the prohibitions of competition law, such as those involving the exercise of market power by farmers’ associations. Public choice considerations suggest that the exemption serves as a countervailing force for the farmers’ comparatively weak position in the balance of political influence for agricultural policy and in bargaining power over the more concentrated wholesale-retail segments of the agri-food value chain. Farm heterogeneity and farm-operation consolidation, induced in part by the economy’s structural transformation, weaken the case for broad exemption.
The Central Luzon Loop Survey: Rice Farming in the Philippines from 1966 to 2021
Authors: Kajisa Kei , Moya Piedad , Gascon Fe 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Central Luzon Loop Survey in the Philippines is one of the longest-running and ongoing household-level farm surveys in tropical Asia. This chapter reviews the changes in rice farming from 1966 to 2021, with a particular focus on the past decade. The data show that rice yields have stagnated and become more variable despite a prompt and continuous switch to newer modern varieties with an appropriate nitrogen application level since the Green Revolution. This implies that the Green Revolution-type agricultural development is at a crossroads. As background factors, this chapter reviews how the adoption of labor-saving technologies, mechanization, and farm size have changed over time under increasing rural labor scarcity. A subjective assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on rice farming is also discussed.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Poststroke Epilepsy: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Mauritz Matthias , Poppert Kai-Nicolas , Trinka Eugen , Mutzenbach Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose of ReviewStroke is the most common cause of seizures and epilepsy in older adults. This educational paper aims to give an update on current clinical aspects of diagnosis and treatment of poststroke epilepsy.Recent FindingsRegarding epileptic seizures related to stroke, it is important to distinguish between acute symptomatic seizures and unprovoked seizures as they differ in their risk for seizure recurrence. In fact, after a single unprovoked poststroke seizure, a diagnosis of epilepsy can be made because there is a greater than 60% risk for further seizures. Clinical models that can predict the development of epilepsy after a stroke have been successfully established. However, treatment with anti-seizure medications is advised only after a first unprovoked poststroke seizure, as current treatments are not known to be effective for primary prevention. The management of poststroke epilepsy requires consideration of aspects such as age, drug-drug interactions and secondary vascular prophylaxis, yet evidence for the use of anti-seizure medications specifically in poststroke epilepsy is limited.SummaryThis text reviews the epidemiology and risk factors for poststroke epilepsy, explains the role of EEG and neuroimaging in patients with stroke and seizures and provides an overview on the clinical management of stroke-related acute symptomatic seizures and poststroke epilepsy.
Dissipative Kerr single soliton generation with extremely high probability via spectral mode depletion
Authors: Zhang Boqing , Chen Nuo , Lu Xinda , Chen Yuntian , Zhang Xinliang , Xu Jing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOptical Kerr solitons generation based on microresonators is essential in nonlinear optics. Among various soliton generation processes, the single soliton generation plays a pivotal role since it ensures rigorous mode-locking on each comb line whose interval equals the free spectral range (FSR) of the microresonator. Current studies show that single soliton generation is challenging due to cavity instability. Here, we propose a new method to greatly improve single soliton generation probalility in the anomalous group velocity dispersion (GVD) regime in a micro-ring resonator based on silicon nitride. The improvement is realized by introducing mode depletion through an integrated coupled filter. It is convenient to introduce controllable single mode depletion in a micro-ring resonator by adjusting the response function of a coupled filter. We show that spectral mode depletion (SMD) can significantly boost the single soliton generation probability. The effect of SMD on the dynamics of optical Kerr solitons generation are also discussed. The proposed method offers a straightforward and simple way to facilitate robust single soliton generation, and will have an impact on the research development in optical Kerr soliton generation and on-chip optical frequency mode manipulation.
Graphical abstract
Essen in Kindertageseinrichtungen
Authors: Klein Alexandra , Landhäußer Sandra 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungImmer mehr Kinder besuchen täglich pädagogische Einrichtungen und verbringen dort zunehmend mehr Zeit; dies führt dazu, dass sie auch vermehrt in pädagogischen Einrichtungen essen. Als Qualitätsmerkmal von Kindertageseinrichtungen wird dabei zunehmend das Thema Essen alsgesundeErnährung zentral. Gleichzeitig liegen bislang erst wenige Studien vor, die auch die Beteiligungs- und Selbstbestimmungsmöglichkeiten von Kindern beim Essen im Alltag der Kindertageseinrichtung betrachten. Auf der empirischen Basis der Frankfurter Kinderbefragung 2018 fragt der vorliegende Beitrag danach, mit welchen kollektiven Orientierungsmustern pädagogische Fachkräfte in Kindertageseinrichtungen die Mahlzeiten gestalten und welche Rolle sie den beteiligten Akteur*innen darin zuweisen. Während in den Gruppendiskussionen einerseits disparate Orientierungen an Ernährungserziehung und Ernährungsbildung sichtbar werden, eint sie andererseits, dass den Kindern selbst kaum substanzielle Einflussmöglichkeiten auf die soziale Gestaltung der Mahlzeit eröffnet werden.