bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and interpretation of driving risks: Automobile claim frequency modeling with telematics data
Authors: Gao Yaqian , Huang Yifan , Meng Shengwang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith the development of vehicle telematics and data mining technology, usage‐based insurance (UBI) has aroused widespread interest from both academia and industry. The extensive driving behavior features make it possible to further understand the risks of insured vehicles, but pose challenges in the identification and interpretation of important ratemaking factors. This study, based on the telematics data of policyholders in China's mainland, analyzes insurance claim frequency of commercial trucks using both Poisson regression and several machine learning models, including regression tree, random forest, gradient boosting tree, XGBoost and neural network. After selecting the best model, we analyze feature importance, feature effects and the contribution of each feature to the prediction from an actuarial perspective. Our empirical study shows that XGBoost greatly outperforms the traditional models and detects some important risk factors, such as the average speed, the average mileage traveled per day, the fraction of night driving, the number of sudden brakes and the fraction of left/right turns at intersections. These features usually have a nonlinear effect on driving risk, and there are complex interactions between features. To further distinguish high−/low‐risk drivers, we run supervised clustering for risk segmentation according to drivers' driving habits. In summary, this study not only provide a more accurate prediction of driving risk, but also greatly satisfy the interpretability requirements of insurance regulators and risk management.
“We actually made something and solved a problem”: Exploring relationships between middle school engineering culture and girls' engineering experiences
Authors: Benavides Aerin W. , Tan Edna , Calabrese Barton Angela 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs historically construed, both engineering culture and school science culture marginalize girls. With the focus on engineering in the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), engineering education researchers have called for a more targeted investigation of how girls at the K‐12 level engage in engineering. This study investigates, through critical participatory ethnography, how 6th grade girls engaged in an Engineering for Sustainable Communities unit (EfSC) guided by conceptual frameworks centered on Cultural Ways of Learning and Rightful Presence. Three in‐depth cases are presented that explore the kinds of engineering problem spaces girls chose to address through iterative design of functional prototypes. Findings reveal, first, how anchoring engineering in girls' embodied experiences supported new forms of participation, new roles for embodied experiences and new making present practices, thereby solidifying a more equitable culture. Second, as the girls moved and hybridized embodied community/STEM ideas and resources, they organized and put into action (through decisions made while “doing” engineering) their values, ideals and desires and that of their communities. Third, we found signifiers, themes, symbols and practices of an emergent engineering culture in which girls positioned themselves as able. These effected engineering for social‐spatial justice using a technically rich and socially specific iterative engineering process which seeded a rightful presence for girls in middle school science.
Date of birth and purchase price as foals or yearlings are associated with Thoroughbred flat race performance in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Authors: Arango‐Sabogal Juan Carlos , Mouncey Rebecca , de Mestre Amanda M. , Verheyen Kristien 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThoroughbred breeders aim to have foals born early in the season, but scientific evidence on the advantages for race performance is scarce and contradictory.MethodsThe association between date of birth and purchase price as foal/yearling, with race performance by the end of the second and third years of life of Thoroughbreds racing in flat races in the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland (IRE) was assessed using negative binomial and zero‐inflated negative binomial models on the entire 2014–2015 UK/IRE foal crops (n = 28,282).ResultsIn total, 6666 and 9456 horses raced in UK/IRE flat racing by the end of their second and third years of life. Prize money and prize money per start decreased with each additional day beyond 1 January that the foal was born. Purchase price as foal and yearling was negatively associated with the number of races run, while it was positively associated with prize money and prize money per start by the end of the third year of life.ConclusionsFoals born early in the season had higher earnings by the end of their second and third years of life than foals born later. Differences were more marked among males than females. The most expensive horses sold as foals or yearlings ran fewer races but earned more prize money and prize money per start than less expensive horses. Results from this population‐based analyses may inform strategies and management practices aiming to maximise horses’ racing performance potential and increase financial returns.
A time‐varying formulation of the curled wake model within the FAST.Farm framework
Authors: Branlard Emmanuel , Martínez‐Tossas Luis A , Jonkman Jason 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article, we present a time‐varying formulation of the curled wake model that we implemented in FAST.Farm. The curled wake model, originally developed for steady‐state conditions, is used to produce realistic wake profiles behind a wind turbine in yawed (or skewed) conditions. We begin by introducing the key elements of the FAST.Farm framework. Then, after briefly summarizing the original wake dynamics formulation of FAST.Farm based on a polar wake profile, we present the new time‐varying formulation of the curled wake model, compare the two, and highlight the differences with the original curled wake model. After discussing some implementation details, we present different applications with increasing levels of complexity: single turbine with uniform and turbulent inflow, fixed and transient yaw, and multiple turbines. We verify our results using the original FAST.Farm implementation and large‐eddy simulations. The results with the new curled wake model are improved compared to the original implementation, as they include cross‐flow velocities and wake asymmetry. Yet, large‐eddy simulation results show a more pronounced lateral convection of the wake and a stronger concentration of vorticity at the top vortex. The new curled wake implementation in FAST.Farm should enable the calculation of not only generator power but also wind turbine structural loads for applications involving intentional or unintentional skewed flow and wind‐farm control involving wake steering.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Science Coverage
Authors: Kessler Sabrina Heike , Schäfer Mike S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractScience communication has been defined as encompassing “all forms of communication by and about the sciences, within science (professional audience) as well as in the [broader] public sphere (general audience)”. This broad understanding of science communication includes all kinds of communication focusing on scientific work or scientific results, within science or to non-scientists, in one-directional or dialogical form. It also includes communication about the natural sciences, the arts or the humanities, and it has considerable overlaps with research fields such as health communication and risk communication. Content analysis, especially of media content, is a common method in the research field and this article provides an overview of this research.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Technology Coverage
Authors: Gurr Gwendolin , Metag Julia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany technologies are fast-growing drivers of innovation and as such have the potential for major transformations of people’s lives. Related to that, technologies and particularly the development of new technologies (also called emerging technologies) call for a variety of actors who try to make themselves heard in the public sphere. Scientists, economic actors, politicians, regulators, and ordinary citizens try to have a voice in the public discussion about the development, implementation, and specific applications of technologies—thus, they strive to reach the audience through media coverage.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Election Campaign Communication
Authors: Steppat Desiree , Castro Laia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe field of election campaign communication is concerned with any form of communication by political elites, parties or professional interest groups with the aim of informing, persuading, interacting and mobilizing citizens and, ultimately, influencing the result of a particular election. Electoral campaigns are one of the most populated research domains in the field of political communication to date (de Vreese 2017; Graber 2005). With this chapter we aim to identify main trends and gaps in this popular area of study by relying on a thorough literature review of election campaign communication studies using content analysis published in peer-reviewed journals over the last twenty years. The chapter lays out most frequent research designs and analytical constructs employed by these studies to content-analyze political messages and identify styles, actors and functions of political communication in election times.
Content Analysis in the Research Field of Social Movements Communication
Authors: García-Albacete Gema 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides a brief overview of the use of content analysis in a selection of studies on social movement communication. In doing so it provides examples of representative studies along four categories: 1) studies aimed at answering traditional questions in the area of social movements research; 2) research answering traditional questions in the area of communication studies; 3) research examining the use and effects of “new” tools and technology; and finally, 4) studies discussing methodological opportunities and challenges posed by digital media. The chapter then identifies the main trends in methodology in this area and concludes by discussing the many strengths, and some areas for improvement within the field.
Content analysis in mixed method approaches
Authors: Castro Laia , Gessler Theresa , Majó-Vázquez Sílvia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis chapter puts forth a synthesis of mixed method research designs combining content analysis with other methods of data collection. While mixed approaches based on content analysis and another method are not new, their importance in communication studies is growing as new data sources become available and new methodologies are developed. The chapter offers an overview of how such mixed method approaches can optimize the use of content analysis in order to analyze communication effects on public opinion, and to validate findings obtained through other means and sources.
Kontexte
Authors: Imlig Flavian 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungBildungsmonitoring verstanden als integraler Bestandteil von Bildungspolitik und als Sammelbegriff für Elemente, Formen oder Instrumente zur Information und Kommunikation über Bildung und Schule ist nur in konkreten Kontexten erfass- und beschreibbar. Als Forschungsobjekt der vorliegenden Arbeit soll Bildungsmonitoring explizit auf drei Kontexte bezogen werden. Diese drei Kontexte sind internationale Politikgestaltung, Staats- und Verwaltungsleitbilder sowie Föderalismus. Damit soll einerseits ein Informationsrahmen für die deskriptive Beschreibung von Bildungsmonitoring abgesteckt werden. Das Erkenntnisinteresse der Kontextbeschreibung ist aber andererseits bereits auf die Interaktionen zwischen Bildungsmonitoring und den Kontexten gerichtet.
Theoretischer Rahmen
Authors: Imlig Flavian 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungZur Frage Was ist Bildungsmonitoring? gibt es, wie der folgende Überblick zeigen wird, zahlreiche Antworten. Allerdings ist eine systematische wissenschaftliche Auslegeordnung oder gar eine Theoretisierung der Frage bislang nicht oder nur in Ansätzen erfolgt. Der theoretische Rahmen soll drei Funktionen erfüllen: Als Rahmen für die empirische Arbeit werden die wichtigsten Begriffe - insbesondere Bildungsmonitoring und Bildungsberichterstattung geklärt. Als Grundlage für die theoretische Verarbeitung und Verdichtung des empirischen Materials werden die theoretischen Kernbegriffe des organisationssoziologischen Neo-Institutionalismus und des Governanceansatzes diskutiert. Als zusätzliche theoretische Grundlage Bildungsmonitoring in die die beiden Fragen nach den gesellschaftlichen Wirkungsmodellen von Schule und nach der Indienstnahme von Wissenschaft durch Politik eingebettet.
Bildungsmonitoring auf nationaler Ebene
Authors: Imlig Flavian 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungMit den ersten Ergebnissen der Überprüfung der Grundkompetenzen (ÜGK) wurde eine rund 20-jährige Entwicklung hin zu einem Dispositiv des nationalen Bildungsmonitorings abgeschlossen. Dessen Ursprünge reichen zurück bis in die 1960er-Jahre und zu den im Kontext der Bildungsexpansion kultivierten Vorstellungen einer rationalen Planung auf wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen. In den 1990er-Jahren wurden sowohl die interkantonalen Harmonisierungsbestrebungen als auch die Bemühungen um evidenzbasierte Entscheidungen intensiviert. Dabei spielten die internationalen Entwicklungen in Richtung von Evidence-based policy im Bildungsbereich eine Rolle. Der Aufbau eines nationalen Bildungsmonitorings wurde 2001 als gemeinsames Projekt von Bund und Kantonen initiiert, unter anderem vorangetrieben durch den durch die ersten PISA-Ergebnisse ausgelösten, bildungspolitischen Handlungsdruck.
Bildungsmonitoring auf kantonaler Ebene
Authors: Imlig Flavian 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Folgenden werden die Bildungsmonitoring-Dispositive aller 26 Kantone dargestellt. Dabei geht es um die Beschreibung der vorzufindenden Elemente, Formen und Instrumente, mit denen Daten und Informationen zuhanden bildungspolitischer Akteure generiert und verarbeitet werden. Sowohl die umfassende Herangehensweise, der relativ lange Untersuchungszeitraum als auch die vorzufindende Vielfalt von Bildungsmonitoring, dessen Gestaltung und Entwicklung resultieren in einer sehr grossen Daten- und Informationssammlung. Zur Linearisierung dieser Informationen wird eine rudimentäre Typenbildung herangezogen. Die Informationen zu den Bildungsmonitoring-Dispositiven der Kantone werden bezogen auf die typischen Merkmale gebündelt und das idealtypische an den einzelnen Fällen erhält eine besondere Gewichtung in der Darstellung. Konkret werden sechs Typen anhand des Bildungsmonitoring-Dispositivs je eines Kantons erläutert. Der jeweilige Kanton dient so als Ankerbeispiel. Der erste Typ kantonaler Bildungsmonitoring-Dispositive zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Gewichtung bildungsstatistischer Daten aus. Beim zweiten Typ steht die standardisierte Erfassung von Schülerleistungen im Zentrum. Der dritte Typ ist gekennzeichnet durch eine prominente Positionierung der sich wandelnden Prozesse der Schulaufsicht in den Bildungsmonitoring-Dispositiven. Beim vierten Typ wird Bildungsmonitoring als kommunikatives Phänomen hervorgehoben und die Bildungsberichterstattung als prominentes Element davon fokussiert. Der fünfte Typ ist auf die Evaluation von bildungspolitischen Projekten und Programmen fokussiert. Schliesslich ist der Einbezug von anwendungsorientierter Forschung ein typisches Merkmal des sechsten Typs.
Administrative Support System
Authors: Teixeira António Moreira 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAdministrative support provided to teachers, learners, and staff is critical for ensuring the quality of the teaching and learning experience in open, distance, and digital education (ODDE). Having been seen for a long time as a peripheral function, administrative support is now recognized as playing a decisive role in suppressing student dropout, improving teaching effectiveness, and promoting learning success. This chapter examines in detail how administrative support systems are organized and should be redesigned to efficiently assist stakeholders. This analysis is conducted in the framework of the ongoing digital transformation process of higher education institutions (HEIs). Reference models for implementing digital learning innovation are described and analyzed. The chapter proposes that administrative student support in ODDE should not be organized as a separate autonomous structure. It is argued that in such complex and unstable innovation-driven institutional environments, the learner, faculty, and staff administrative support system should be designed as a hub of resources and services operating within an open and flexible learning ecosystem. It is suggested that multidisciplinary teams are set across the HEIs to collaboratively design, deliver, and support ODDE provision. Administrative staff professional development is also suggested to be reorganized in this innovative framework.
Introduction to Infrastructure, Quality Assurance, and Support Systems of ODDE
Authors: Belawati Tian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDistance education (DE) has evolved over numerous generations, from correspondence study to the most recent online education, which is classified as open, distance, and digital education (ODDE). DE advances in line with technological advancements, and DE generations often correspond to the pre- and post-Internet eras. This classification also affects and prescribes the learning environment required to ensure the educational and learning process’ effectiveness.The pre-Internet period of DE was marked by a vast physical infrastructure, including a physical network of regional, local offices, and learning centers, as was widely implemented by distance teaching universities. Soft infrastructure, such as a digital learning environment, characterizes the ODDE in the Internet era. Despite the differences in ODDE infrastructure before and after the Internet, library services and a quality assurance system have always been essential components of the ODDE system. The global open movement has had an impact on ODDE practice, expanding learning resources beyond those generated by ODDE providers. The open education movement has given ODDE more supporting infrastructures, allowing it to become more powerful and cost-effective. Finally, the burgeoning metaverse appears to be destined to become the future ODDE platform, elevating ODDE practice to new heights. This chapter discusses some trends and debates about the nature of institutional infrastructure before and after the Internet era, a cross-generational supporting infrastructure related to quality assurance, as well as learning resources particularly those related to the open educational resources (OER) and open licenses, and some thoughts on the metaverse as an emerging trend in education.
Higgstory repeats itself
Authors: Strumia Alessandro , Tetradis Nikolaos 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We consider a scalar potential with two minima, one of which is arbitrarily deep, such as could be the case for the Higgs potential in the Standard Model. A recent calculation within the thin-wall approximation [1] concludes that regions in which the scalar field takes values beyond the top of the potential barrier are forced by gravity to collapse, while they remain hidden behind a black hole horizon. We show that the thin-wall approximation is not applicable to this problem. We clarify the issue through numerical and analytical solutions to the field equations of the gravity-scalar system. We find that regions around the deeper minimum expand, and would thereby engulf the Universe in post-inflationary cosmology. We also show that black holes with Higgs hair are unstable. Even though the physics of the true vacuum is different, our final conclusion replicates the earlier ‘Higgstory’ paper [2].
Neutrino seesaw models at one-loop matching: discrimination by effective operators
Authors: Du Yong , Li Xu-Xiang , Yu Jiang-Hao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using the functional method, one-loop matching of the type-I, -II and -III see-saw models are investigated and the results are presented in both the Green’s and the Warsaw bases. Although these models generate the same dimension-5 Weinberg operator, they could induce quite different types of dimension-6 effective operators that can be utilized for model discrimination. We also find the threshold effects from one-loop matching could be significant, which turn out to allow triggering electroweak symmetry breaking radiatively in type-II seesaw while forbid that in type-I/-III models. An analytical criterion for such radiative symmetry breaking is also derived in type-II seesaw. Finally, we investigate the indirect signatures from different types of dimension-6 operators at high-energy colliders, low-energy precision experiments and forward physics facilities for model discrimination.
John–Nirenberg inequalities for parabolic BMO
Authors: Kinnunen Juha , Myyryläinen Kim , Yang Dachun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe discuss a parabolic version of the space of functions of bounded mean oscillation related to a doubly nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation. Parabolic John–Nirenberg inequalities, which give exponential decay estimates for the oscillation of a function, are shown in the natural geometry of the partial differential equation. Chaining arguments are applied to change the time lag in the parabolic John–Nirenberg inequality. We also show that the quasihyperbolic boundary condition is a necessary and sufficient condition for a global parabolic John–Nirenberg inequality. Moreover, we consider John–Nirenberg inequalities with medians instead of integral averages and show that this approach gives the same class of functions as the original definition.
Functional expression of mitochondrial KCa3.1 channels in non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Bulk Etmar , Todesca Luca Matteo , Bachmann Magdalena , Szabo Ildiko , Rieke Marius , Schwab Albrecht 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1 contributes to the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, KCa3.1 channels were found in the inner membrane of mitochondria in different cancer cells. Mitochondria are the main sources for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that affect the progression of cancer cells. Here, we combined Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and fluorescent live-cell imaging to investigate the expression and function of KCa3.1 channels in the mitochondria of NSCLC cells. Western blotting revealed KCa3.1 expression in mitochondrial lysates from different NSCLC cells. Using immunofluorescence, we demonstrate a co-localization of KCa3.1 channels with mitochondria of NSCLC cells. Measurements of the mitochondrial membrane potential with TMRM reveal a hyperpolarization following the inhibition of KCa3.1 channels with the cell-permeable blocker senicapoc. This is not the case when cells are treated with the cell-impermeable peptidic toxin maurotoxin. The hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential is accompanied by an increased generation of ROS in NSCLC cells. Collectively, our results provide firm evidence for the functional expression of KCa3.1 channels in the inner membrane of mitochondria of NSCLC cells.