bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Big Dreams and Broken Promises: Solomon's Treaty with Hiram in Its International Context
Authors: MOORE MICHAEL S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Opinions remain divided over whether the Hebrew term běrît in 1 Kgs 5:12 refers to a preexilic idea rooted in Israel's past or a postexilic idea reformulating Israel's past. Both positions harbor elements of truth, yet the repeated occurrence of the words kittu ("treaty"), raḫâmu ("love"), aḫḫûtu ("brotherhood"), māmītu ("oath-treaty"), and epēšu šulmu ("make peace") in the Amarna Letters implies an entire history of covenant-making prior to Solomon's treaty with Hiram. To imagine this relationship as having no history prior to the fifth century B.C. is to deny the witness of history itself, particularly as evidenced in the Amarna texts.
Monotheism, Polytheism, Monolatry, or Henotheism? Toward an Assessment of Divine Plurality in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Heiser Michael S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Israel's view of God and his relationship to other divine beings in the Hebrew Bible has long been the subject of scholarly debate. The dominant critical consensus since the late nineteenth century holds that Israel's faith evolved from polytheism or henotheism to monotheism. Passages in the Hebrew Bible that assume the existence of other gods are compared to other passages that put forth the declaration that "there are no other gods besides" the God of Israel as proof of this view. Other scholars who reject this evolutionary paradigm tend to assume passages evincing divine plurality actually speak of human beings, or that the other gods are merely idols. This view insists that "monotheism" must mean that the existence of other gods is denied. Both views are problematic and fall short of doing justice to the full description of Israel's view of God and the heavenly host in the Hebrew Bible. This article overviews the difficulties of each view and offers a coherent alternative.
Discerning Corinthian Slogans through Paul's Use of the Diatribe in 1 Corinthians 6:12–20
Authors: BURK DENNY 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Commentators continue to disagree over the presence of Corinthian slogans in 1 Cor 6:12–20. Yet the context and form of 6:12–20 suggest that at least some of these words should be read as interjections from real Corinthian interlocutors. In order to verify this thesis, I argue for (1) the presence of diatribal features in 6:12–20 and (2) the features that indicate that Paul has made a special adaptation of the diatribal form to address real Corinthian interlocutors. The structure of Paul's diatribe suggests the presence of Corinthian slogans in vv. 12, 13, and 18.
Jesus' Supposed Blasphemy (Mark 14:61b–64)
Authors: Gundry Robert H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Historically, Jesus' supposed blasphemy before the Sanhedrin consisted in the claim that he would sit at God's right hand and come with the clouds of heaven, a divine mode of transport. Though replaced with "the Power" in public reporting, "Yahweh" in Jesus' actual quotation of Ps 110:1 made the supposed blasphemy deserving of death in agreement with m. Sanh. 7:5.
On the Meaning of זעקת מושל in Qohelet 9:17b
Authors: PINKER ARON 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In this article, I suggest that זַעֲקַת מוֹשֵל is a metaphoric idiom derived from the loud shouts requesting a supplicant's recognition in a ruler's public appearance. Consequently, זַעֲקַת מוֹשֵל indicates a particular kind of a "loud voice." This meaning establishes a clear and apt contrast between דִּבְרֵי נַחַת and זַעֲקַת מוֹשֵל, and between תֲכָמִים and כְּסִילִים in the two cola of Qoh 9:17.
Ethical Rhetoric and Divine Power: Reflections on Matthew 10:17–20 (and Parallels)
Authors: CHASE KENNETH R. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Appearing four times in the Synoptics, Jesus' warning to his disciples that they will be coerced into a witness involves a command not to worry about what to say and a promise of divine assistance. This is direct instruction about rhetorical practice, yet few scholars have made explicit the connection between Jesus' logion and the broader range of Christian strategic communication. By considering the communication assumptions embedded in Jesus' command and promise, I uncover how time and power can serve as coordinates for an ethic of Christian rhetoric. These directly affect how a disciple is to conceptualize normatively the strategic preparation and presentation of the gospel.
A Farewell to Arms: Goliath's Death as Rhetoric against Faith in Arms
Authors: WONG GREGORY T. K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In a 1978 article, Deem proposes to read מצחו in 1 Sam 17:49 as "his greave" rather than "his forehead," thereby asserting that it was not Goliath's forehead but one of his greaves that David's stone hit. This article attempts to lend further support to that view by focusing on the rhetorical function of specific pieces of armament first cited in 17:5–7 and subsequently allowed to recur within the narrative. In light of the narrative's prevailing overall rhetoric against a faith in arms, it will be argued that there is every indication that the author/redactor has crafted his narrative intending מצחו in 17:49 to be referring to one of Goliath's greaves rather than his forehead.
The Human Ideal, the Problem of Evil, and Moral Responsibility in 4 Maccabees
Authors: DESILVA DAVID A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Though lying outside the Jewish and Christian canons, 4 Maccabees raises questions fundamental to what it means to be moral beings in relationship to a holy God and thus addresses questions of primary importance for ethics and theology. What does it mean to be fully human? Where is God, and what is the proper human response, in the midst of the experience of evil? What role do convictions about life beyond death play in the confrontation of evil in human experience? 4 Maccabees promotes a view of the human being and a set of convictions concerning death and the life beyond that nurture moral accountability beyond self-preservation and self-interest. These convictions free the individual from the domination of these drives for other-centered moral actions–empowering one to resist inducements to perpetrate evil or cooperate with evil–that give us life, in a sense, beyond ourselves.
The First Glimpse of Saul and His Subsequent Transformation
Authors: HAWKINS RALPH K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Many recent studies of Saul have understood him as a tragic figure whose story was shaped by Dtr in a way that emphasizes his failures in order to provide a backdrop for David's rise. This paper examines select elements related to Saul's character and transformation within 1 Samuel 9:1–10:16. It seeks to make the case that, even after having reshaped his sources, Dtr did not eliminate the affirmative dimensions of Saul's character, but retained them in 1 Samuel in its current form.
Rewriting Prophets in the Corinthian Correspondence: A Window on Paul's Hermeneutic
Authors: Stark J. David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recent discussions of "rewritten Bible" have largely focused on generic characteristics that might define and hold together usefully a certain body of Jewish literature. But more profitable is a characterization of rewritten Bible that stresses the hermeneutical process that has produced a given "rewriting" of a biblical text. When appreciated, this way of considering rewritten Bible also provides a firmer basis for connecting these documents with Paul's letters and elucidating these letters' hermeneutics. For example, juxtaposing 1 Cor 1:31 and 2 Cor 10:17 with L.A.B. 50:2 and Tg. Neb. Jer 9:22–23 highlights the Corinthian letters' transformation of 1 Kgdms 2:10 and Jer 9:23 (MT, OG; English: v. 24) within the world-restructuring narrative of יהוה's acts in Jesus.
Authority and Motivation in the Apocalypse of John
Authors: STEWART ALEXANDER E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study explores how John constructs and utilizes authority in the Apocalypse to support his motivational argumentation. Four mutually reinforcing levels of authority support John's rhetorical goals: God's authority over the entire cosmos and the unfolding of human history; Christ's authority over the churches and the kingdoms of the world; John's authority as a Christian prophet through whom Christ was speaking to his church; and the derivative authority of the Apocalypse itself as a self-attested inspired text. These four levels of authority interact to increase the motivational power of the Apocalypse among hearers who share John's early Christian world view.
Reassessing the Origins of Deuteronomic Prophecy: Early Moses Traditions in Deuteronomy 18:15–22
Authors: ATKINS J. D. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The prophet like Moses in Deut 18:15–18 and the test of the false prophet in Deut 18:21–22 are often judged to be exilic (or postexilic) insertions that retrospectively redefine prophecy in response to a crisis in prophecy that arose during the final years of the Judean monarchy. Against this standard critical reconstruction, this article argues that the ideas recorded in Deut 18:15–22 are rooted in earlier traditions about Moses and prophecy, and therefore, that the passage is better characterized as a compilation and formalization of early traditions than as a late innovation or redefinition of prophecy. Arguments for a preexilic date of composition are also proposed.
Chrysostom and Epiphanius: Long Hair Prohibited as Covering in 1 Corinthians 11:4, 7
Authors: BROWN A. PHILIP 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Recent surveys of extrabiblical Hellenistic literature by Ben Witherington III and Preston Massey claim that κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων in 1 Cor 11:4 necessarily refers to the wearing of a material head covering. This essay argues (1) that these surveys misread the extrabiblical data, (2) that examples of κóμη as the object of ἔχω highlight the viability of taking κóμη as the implied object of ἔχων in 1 Cor 11:4, (3) that two significant church fathers understood the covering to which Paul refers to be or include κóμη, and (4) that data in the context of 1 Cor 11:2–16 better supports understanding κóμη as the covering Paul has in mind.
Language Use and Rituals in the Apostolic Church in Cameroon
Authors: Kouega Jean-Paul 
Published: April 2022

This paper examined language use and rituals in one Protestant Church with a Pentecostal orientation known as the Apostolic Church, in a bid to work out the language policy of this church. The data came from some 25 churches whose pastors, church officials, choir leaders and congregants were contacted on the sites of these churches. The instruments used were a questionnaire, informal discussions and participant observation, and the frame used was the structural-functional model (Kouega 2008). The findings revealed a number of interesting facts. First the main service in these churches comprises some 11 major parts, which are occasionally referred to by different names. These parts were found to be realised in two languages, i.e., English and French, with any information passed on in the one language being systematically translated into the other language. Pidgin English was heard in two main contexts, i.e., during Testimonies when low education church members want to share the good things God has done for their life, and then during calls for financial contributions, lest these low education people might take back home what they brought for the growth of the church. Once in a while, indigenous languages were heard in songs.
PELAKSANAAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING BERORIENTASI BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM TEKS PROSEDUR DI SMA
Authors: Gusmaneri Desi , Rustam Rustam , Wibowo R. Imam Suwardi 
Published: April 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan proses pelaksanaan model discovery learning dalam berpikir kritis dalam teks prosedur di SMA. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Fenomenologi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah satu Guru Bahasa Indonesia di SMA Negeri 2 Kota Jambi. Data ini menggunakan analisis model Miles dan Huberman. Analisis menurut Miles dan Huberman dibagi dalam tiga alur yang terjadi secara bersamaan. Ketiga alur tersebut adalah (1) reduksi data, (2) penyajian data (tampilan data), dan (3) penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Pelaksanaan Model Discovery Learning Berorientasi berpikir kritis pada teks prosedur kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 2 Kota Jambi Berhasil dilaksanakan oleh guru di kelas. Namun, pada rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran belum sesuai. karena guru tidak mencantumkan langkah berpikir kritis sedangkan pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran model discovery learning langkah-langkahnya berhasil diterapkan oleh guru dalam menulis teks prosedur yang berfokus pada siswa. Dengan langkah-langkah model pembelajaran itu mampu membuat mereka menjadi aktif dan berpikir dengan kritis pada tugas yang diberikan kepada siswa di kelas dalam menganalisis teks prosedur kompleks dan Siswa dapat mengkaji sebuah fakta yang ada pada masalah kemudian menulis kembali teks prosedur dengan mengambil kesimpulan dari yang telah siswa temukan di kelas. Kata Kunci : Discovery Learning,Berorientasi Berpikir Kritis dan Teks Prosedur
Evaluation concepts in the draft Law of Ukraine on Copyright and Related Rights: the- oretical and practical analysis
Authors: Kosovych V. 
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the draft Law of Ukraine on Copyright and Related Rights registration number 5552-4 dated 09.06.2021 (hereinafter the Draft) for the use of evaluation concepts as a language tool of rule-drafting technique. The definition of evaluation concept is given. It is stated that the use of evaluation concepts is not only a property of domestic law, but also legislation of other countries. Attention is drawn to the fact that their introduction into the texts of legislative acts is objectively inevitable, provides individualization of legal regulation and the fullest protection of the rights and interests of the subject of law, but creates conditions for possible subjective law enforcement discretion. Therefore, the quality of the Draft is determined by the proper use of evaluation concepts.
The list of evaluation concepts used in the text of the Draft is defined. The latter are compared with the corresponding concepts used in the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand (Chapter 9 «Intellectual Property») and Section 1 «Copyright and Related Rights» of Part 2 of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. The conclusion is made that there is a certain correspondence and obvious regularity of the use of evaluation concepts both in the Draft and the mentioned legal acts. Many of these concepts are completely or partially duplicated, such as the «fair reward» and «normal use».
In order to promote the proper use of evaluation concepts in the text of the Draft by its designers a list of prerequisites for their introduction into the developed regulations is proposed.
It is noted that the presence of evaluation concepts in the text of normative legal acts necessitates the observance of certain rules of interpretation and application of evaluation norms. A systematic list of such rules, which in the long run will contribute to the effective use of future law to ensure the rights of intellectual property holders, is proposed.
Features of the legal status of individuals in international private law: theoretical and legal research
Authors: Moshnayga L.V. 
Published: April 2022

The article investigates the current state of problems associated with the legal regulation of individuals in international private law, is that recognition of a person to a higher value involves the implementation of the state protection of its rights and freedoms, the creation of systems of guaranteeing rights and legitimate interests on the basis of generally recognized Principles and norms of international law, constitutional regulations that determine the content of the legal status of the individual.
The issues of legal entity in international private law were studied and investigated, since taking into account the existence of conflicting norms that determine the legal status of individual actors and the presence of a conflictive method of regulation of the industry, approaches to determining the elements of the legal personality of individuals, legal and the state. Each of the listed persons are inherent in its peculiarities in the end of its rights and the duties of the state by selecting the relevant legal regime and fixing it at the normative level. This is due to both physical and legal essence of the status of these subjects. However, it will still be collecting such a law and order that the relevant person has the closest connection and on the basis of which it is possible to use more effective means to protect the subjective rights of one or another subject.
The peculiarity of the legal status of an individual is that, in another state, it is subject to two law enforcement: - to its domestic (law of citizenship (IEC Ratgiae) or the law of a permanent place of residence (IEH Domyslii), since it preserves legal connection with the state of its own Citizenship or permanent place of residence, the legal status of a citizen of his state, enjoys its protection, obey its laws, - the law and order of the state of stay (of that state, in which the individual is at a specific point).
Resolution of economic disputes arising during the performance of real estate lease agreement
Authors: Melekh Lіubomyra , Melekh Bohdan 
Published: April 2022

At the present stage of development of the market economy in Ukraine, the role of non-residential real estate lease of various forms of ownership has increased significantly as part of the activities of many businesses, which largely meets their basic need for property. During the crisis, the number of commercial disputes related to the lease of real estate increased significantly, but the jurisprudence to resolve them remains different, in particular, given the conflict of law on lease.
Disputes related to breaches of leases (non-performance or improper performance) are the most numerous of all disputes arising out of a lease. These commercial disputes are mostly dominated by property lawsuits, such as rent and penalty arrears, penalties for late return of leased property, the value of inseparable improvements, losses, fees for the actual use of property, as well as lawsuits for the obligation to take certain actions. (Encouragement to take property for rent, vacate the occupied premises with their transfer by deed, etc.).
Commercial disputes over damages caused by breaches of obligations by the parties under a real estate lease have recently become the subject of litigation. These disputes can be divided depending on who is the initiating party - the landlord (owner) or tenant. The most common in this category are claims of the owner of real estate for damages in the form of unearned income, and despite the difficulty of proving the plaintiff's validity of their claims in commercial litigation.
Judicial practice shows that in most cases it is difficult for a tenant in the business process to prove the impossibility of actual use of non-residential premises, while the acceptance of the leased object went unnoticed its shortcomings that exclude or significantly limit the use of property for its intended purpose.
Trust in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine: theoretical and legal context
Authors: Bomberger I. L. , Hanba O. B. 
Published: April 2022

The article emphasizes that the determining factor in the process of reforming law enforcement agencies, including the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, is the level of public confidence in them. The provisions of certain by-laws, which regulate the issues of public trust in the specified law enforcement agency of special purpose, are characterized.
The paper analyzes the level of public confidence in the border agency during 2015–2021. It is emphasized that it directly affects, on the one hand, the building of institutional capacity, and on the other – the level of trust in law enforcement agencies in general as components of the security and defense sector. During the period under review, there has been a positive trend in increasing public confidence in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. At the same time, studies of independent sociological structures showed the highest level of trust in the border agency in the public security and rule of law sector in 2021, which indicates its effective operational and service and other activities in general.
To more objectively determine the state of public confidence in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, as well as to clarify the peculiarities of its manifestation, it is proposed to classify the studied category according to some of the most important criteria in the context of specific tasks performed by the Border composition of the subjects of trust, taking into account the region of residence, administrative criteria, as well as the density of the population, etc. According to the subject composition between interpersonal trust (micro level) and institutional trust (macro level), trust in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine belongs to institutional trust, which occupies a prominent place in building the institutional architecture of society.
The factors influencing the level of public confidence in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine are summarized and characterized, which must be taken into account when summarizing the operational and service activities of the agency for a certain reporting period and setting tasks for the next period.
Administrative guardianship in Ukraine. Concepts, social purpose, procedure and types
Authors: Pushkareva N.F. 
Published: April 2022

This article examines the concepts, grounds and preconditions of origin, stages of development, subjects, legal regulation, types of administrative guardianship in Ukraine. The article contains the author's views on the concept of administrative guardianship, the subject of administrative guardianship, administrative service.
It is indicated that, researching the topic of administrative guardianship, there are very few scientific works devoted to this topic. The law does not mention the concept of "administrative guardianship". However, having studied the works of some scholars and legislation, one can be sure that this concept has a right to exist and should mean the state's care for the person by providing such a person with material assistance or any assistance in exercising his constitutional right. Most often, administrative care is provided to a person who has suffered in some way. The state in its regulations provides for negative cases and states that it will provide assistance to a person who has experienced them in various spheres of public life.
It is noted that when researching the topic of administrative guardianship, it binds the state, because the right of the subject of administrative guardianship corresponds to the duty of the state to ensure the implementation of the right provided by law. It is the state that acts as the guardian, through the authorized state bodies, although administrative guardianship can also be carried out by local self-government bodies.