bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA12: A prospective cohort study embedded into integrated health care systems in the US to study cancer etiology, prevention, and early detection
Authors: Chanock Stephen ,   on behalf of the Cohort Executive Committee
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics is conducting a new prospective cohort study of 150,000-200,000 adults in the US to further investigate the etiology of cancer and its outcomes, which can inform new approaches in precision prevention and early detection. The new cohort will capitalize on recent developments that provide unprecedented opportunities to advance the field of cancer epidemiology and prevention, including 1) innovative technologies (e.g., tracking and sensor technologies to measure behavior and environment); 2) large-scale analyses of the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and microbiome; 3) molecular profiling of tumors and precursor lesions to study the natural history of cancer and its etiologic heterogeneity. This cohort will be conducted within a set of integrated health care systems (HCS), with electronic medical records (EMRs), a passive follow-up system that is both cost effective and thorough, and existing clinical infrastructure for specimen collection. Consented participants will complete an online questionnaire at baseline and periodically throughout the duration of follow-up. Passive follow-up via tumor registries and EMRs will provide outcome information for cancers and their precursors. Blood, urine, and saliva samples will be collected at baseline and repeatedly during follow-up in local clinics. Additional biologic specimens including fecal and tissue specimens will be collected. This state-of-the-art cohort will be built with an efficient, flexible, and integrated infrastructure that makes the most of modern interoperability standards in order to serve as a research workhorse for future generations of scientists in the intramural and extramural research community.
Citation Format: Stephen Chanock, on behalf of the Cohort Executive Committee. A prospective cohort study embedded into integrated health care systems in the US to study cancer etiology, prevention, and early detection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Modernizing Population Sciences in the Digital Age; 2019 Feb 19-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(9 Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.
Abstract IA14: Linking heterogeneous data to enable knowledge discovery in health care
Authors: Hernandez-Boussard Tina 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The vision of precision medicine relies on the linkage of large-scale clinical, molecular, environmental, and patient-generated datasets. Traditionally, diverse data streams have been analyzed independently, including the wealth of information captured in electronic health records (EHRs). However, to successfully leverage the volumes of data that can be used in health care, cross-modality integration is necessary. We have developed a clinical data warehouse for prostate cancer that integrates multiple data streams, from structured EHR data to imaging, state registries to patient-generated data, as well as the rich granular information contained in unstructured clinical narrative text. This rich, longitudinal dataset facilitates secondary data use and enhances observational research in oncology. We have developed advanced machine learning approaches to analyze these data. Our methods can accurately classify patients into clinical and pathologic stage groups and prognostic risk groups. These classifications can be used at point of care to guide optimal treatment pathways based on evidence-based guidelines (e.g., identify high-risk patients for whom a radionuclide bone scan is recommended). Furthermore, linking routinely collected patient surveys to EHRs reveals important differences in global physical and mental health between demographic and clinical subgroups. Giving clinicians visibility into these patient-reported outcomes can help personalize treatment pathways and may inform population health initiatives to support vulnerable groups. The granular health data we collect and link also provide population-based views into changes in treatment patterns and effects from policy changes, e.g., changes to PSA screening guidelines. The integration of diverse data streams presents unique technical, semantic, and ethical challenges; however, our work suggests that multimodal clinical data can significantly improve the performance of prediction algorithms and guide treatment decisions, powering knowledge discovery at the patient and population level.
Citation Format: Tina Hernandez-Boussard. Linking heterogeneous data to enable knowledge discovery in health care [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Modernizing Population Sciences in the Digital Age; 2019 Feb 19-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(9 Suppl):Abstract nr IA14.
Abstract IA16: Precision behavior change via digital health technologies
Authors: Hekler Eric B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Unsustainable growth in the complexity and cost of health care and health promotion is creating new opportunities for supporting the health and well-being of individuals. In particular, there are exciting opportunities for more human-centered and personalized strategies for fostering health and treating disease that are delivered via mobile health technologies.
Purpose: The purpose of this presentation is to present prior and ongoing work that my colleagues and I have been conducting to advance “precision behavior change” interventions that are human-centered, preventive, cost-effective, and complementary to other preventive behavior change efforts.
Outline: The talk will begin with a brief summary of the state of the field in terms of digital health interventions and the use of technology. Following this, a conceptual model of different types of precision behavior change interventions will be provided and concrete examples of each approach will then be presented. The talk concludes with acknowledgment of key challenges in this domain and also future areas of possible growth, particularly in the realm of supporting more individuals in actively taking part in the scientific process.
Citation Format: Eric B. Hekler. Precision behavior change via digital health technologies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Modernizing Population Sciences in the Digital Age; 2019 Feb 19-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(9 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
Abstract IA18: How digital disintermediation (“apps”) and cloud computing change the precision prevention landscape
Authors: Almeida Jonas S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The emergence of cloud-based data commons is both a response to the call for fair scientific data stewardship and to the challenge of scaling consumer-facing precision medicine. The advancement towards cloud-hosted cancer data platforms mirrors a broader trend towards stateless API ecosystems for user-governed application development. This is particularly the case in cancer prevention, where the goal ultimately is to avoid the need for treatment. Accordingly, reference data will typically be exposed publicly, while its contextualization will rely on the individual’s own mobile computing resources through web applications (“apps”). This discussion will be illustrated with a number of practical applications, ranging from serverless traversal of the 20 million patient-encounter records of New York’s Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) to the contextualization of NCI’s Genomic Data Commons (GDC). Presentation material at bit.ly/appCommons; open source code at github.com/episphere.
Citation Format: Jonas S. Almeida. How digital disintermediation (“apps”) and cloud computing change the precision prevention landscape [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Modernizing Population Sciences in the Digital Age; 2019 Feb 19-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(9 Suppl):Abstract nr IA18.
Not All Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Benefit From Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Chang Carolyn , Bliggenstorfer Jonathan T. , Liu Jessie , Shearer Jennifer , Dreher Paul , Bingmer Katherine , Stein Sharon L. , Steinhagen Emily 
Published: June 2022

Background While neoadjuvant combined modality therapy (NA-CMT) is beneficial for most patients with locally advanced rectal cancer some patients may experience disease progression during treatment. The purpose of this study is to identify characteristics associated with progression during NA-CMT. Methods A single institution retrospective review of patients with stage II-III rectal cancer receiving NA-CMT was conducted from 2008-2019. Patients with incomplete or unknown NA-CMT treatment and those who received chemotherapy in addition to NA-CMT were excluded. Initial staging MRI was compared to post-operative pathology to determine progression. Definitions: responders (complete response or regression) and non-responders (stable disease or progression). Results 156 patients were included: 25 (16.1%) complete responders, 79 (50.6%) had evidence of regression, 34 (21.8%) were stable non-responders, and 18 (11.5%) were progressors. Those who progressed had worse overall survival. Factors associated with non-responders included black race (OR 4.5, 95% CI: 1.10-18.7) and increasing distance from the anal verge (OR 1.2, 95% CI: .2-2.9). Distance from the anal verge was determined via MRI. Recurrence was significantly more common among non-responders (15, 30.61%) when compared to responders (14, 13.46%), P = .012. Conclusion Patients who progress despite NA-CMT have overall worse survival compared to patients who do respond. While this study failed to identify modifiable or predictive risk factors for progression, the multivariate logistic regression model suggests that race and tumor biology may play a role in progression. Future studies should focus on early identification of patients who may not benefit from NA-CMT in an effort to develop alternative treatment algorithms.
The Sepsis Bundle Effect: An Evaluation of Culture Results and Utilization in Pediatric Appendicitis
Authors: Stephenson Krista J. , Shewmake Connor N. , Spray Beverly J. , Burford Jeffrey M. , Bonasso Patrick C. , Dassinger Melvin S. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction Sepsis prevention pathways, which often include blood and urine cultures, are common in children’s hospitals. Fever and tachycardia, signs often seen in patients with appendicitis, frequently trigger these pathways. We hypothesized that cultures were frequently obtained in children with appendicitis. Materials and Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study evaluating children with image-confirmed appendicitis from 4/1/2019 to 10/1/2020, coinciding with the initiation of sepsis prevention pathways. Factors associated with culture acquisition, as well as culture results, treatment, and outcomes were evaluated. Results Six hundred and fifty eight children presented with acute appendicitis during the 1.5-year period, with a median age of 10.67 years (interquartile range (IQR) 8.17-14.08). Cultures were obtained in 22.9%, including blood culture (BCx) in 8.1% and urine culture (UCx) in 17.9%. Culture acquisition decreased by 17.6% after sepsis protocol initiation. Blood culture acquisition correlated with fever ( P = .003) and younger age ( P = .03), whereas the attainment of BCx and UCx was associated with female sex ( P = .04, P < .0001), complicated appendicitis ( P = .0001, P = .03), and unknown diagnosis ( P < .0001, P < .0001). There were five positive UCx (4.24%); however, all remained asymptomatic despite a short antibiotic duration dictated by institutional appendicitis protocol. The one positive BCx (1.89%) was suspected contamination and not treated. Discussion The findings of this cohort suggest a low incidence of positive culture as well as lack of impact on clinical management in image-proven appendicitis and the initiation of a sepsis bundle without automatic culture acquisition may result in decreased culture attainment.
Improvement of mechanical and wear resistance property by varying glass fiber contents and amino-silicate coupling agents on polyamide 612 composites
Authors: Yeh Yu-Hsiang , Chen Chin-Wen , Ranganathan Palraj , Rwei Syang-Peng 
Published: June 2022

Among the polyamide series polymer materials, PA612 has excellent mechanical properties and low moisture absorption characteristics. This work studied the effect of coupling agent addition on the crystallization behavior, adhesive wear, mechanical, thermal, and morphological attributes of glass fiber (GF) reinforced PA612 composites. Amino-silane was applied as a coupling agent to enhance the interfacial adhesion between glass fiber and the PA612 matrix. The loading level of the coupling agent was changed to 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0wt%, while the GF loading level in the composite material was 10, 15, 20, and 30wt%. The composite materials were analyzed via X-ray diffraction, tribological characterization, and adhesion wear test. The mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties were also investigated. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was used to study the analytical samples’ wear and fracture surfaces. Test results unveiled that adding 1.0wt% amino-silane coupling agent upgraded the fiber-matrix adhesion, mechanical properties (tensile strength:136 MPa), and corresponding wear resistance of GF reinforced PA612-based composites. Furthermore, it is compatible with pure PA612 substrates and has similar processing rheological behavior. These results reveal that the compiled PA612 matrix is highly viable for tribological applications comprising automotive parts, bearings, and bearing materials for space applications.
Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of a Newly Developed Chinese Screening Tool for Speech Disorders in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chen Chi-Lin , Lin Ching-Huang , Su Chen-San , Cheng Hsiang-Chun , Chen Li-Mei , Cherng Rong-Ju 
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of a newly developed Chinese screening tool, the Chinese Version of the Speech Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (SDPD-C). The SDPD-C contains a 24-item questionnaire with four assessment domains. Overall, 93 patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) (age 70.1 ± 8.9 years) and 76 healthy older adults (age 67.2 ± 8.1 years) participated in the psychometric analysis study. The internal consistency of the SDPD-C was .91 (four dimensions: .69–.85), and test-retest reliability was .91 (four dimensions: .85–.88). The SDPD-C was highly correlated with the Voice Handicap Index-10 and Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale II 2.1 (r = .83 and .78, respectively). The SDPD-C scores also differed significantly between stages 1 and 4 of the Hoehn and Yahr Scale ( p < .05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was .955 (95% confidence interval, .927–.983; asymptotic significance p < .001), and the optimal cut-off score of this study was 36, with a sensitivity of .849 and specificity of .947. The results indicate that SDPD-C showed good reliability, validity, accuracy, and discrimination. It can be used as a screening tool for speech disorders in patients with PD.
Fabrication of 3D Printed poly(lactic acid) strut and wet-electrospun cellulose nano fiber reinforced chitosan-collagen hydrogel composite scaffolds for meniscus tissue engineering
Authors: Gunes Oylum Colpankan , Kara Aylin , Baysan Gizem , Bugra Husemoglu Resit , Akokay Pinar , Ziylan Albayrak Aylin , Ergur Bekir Ugur , Havitcioglu Hasan 
Published: June 2022

The main goal of the study was to produce chitosan-collagen hydrogel composite scaffolds consisting of 3D printed poly(lactic acid) (PLA) strut and nanofibrous cellulose for meniscus cartilage tissue engineering. For this purpose, first PLA strut containing microchannels was incorporated into cellulose nanofibers and then they were embedded into chitosan-collagen matrix to obtain micro- and nano-sized topographical features for better cellular activities as well as mechanical properties. All the hydrogel composite scaffolds produced by using three different concentrations of genipin (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%) had an interconnected microporous structure with a swelling ratio of about 400% and water content values between 77 and 83% which is similar to native cartilage extracellular matrix. The compressive strength of all the hydrogel composite scaffolds was found to be similar (∼32 kPa) and suitable for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Besides, the hydrogel composite scaffold comprising 0.3% (w/v) genipin had the highest tan δ value (0.044) at a frequency of 1 Hz which is around the walking frequency of a person. According to the in vitro analysis, this hydrogel composite scaffold did not show any cytotoxic effect on the rabbit mesenchymal stem cells and enabled cells to attach, proliferate and also migrate through the inner area of the scaffold. In conclusion, the produced hydrogel composite scaffold holds great promise for meniscus tissue engineering.
Psychological and psychosocial aspects of major trauma care in the United Kingdom: A scoping review of primary research
Authors: Olive Philippa , Hives Lucy , Wilson Neil , Ashton Amy , O’Brien Marie Claire , Mercer Gemma , Jassat Raeesa , Harris Catherine 
Published: June 2022

Introduction More people are surviving major trauma, often with life changing injuries. Alongside physical injury, many survivors of major trauma experience psychological and psychosocial impacts. Presently, there is little guidance at the UK national level for psychological and psychosocial aspects of major trauma care. Set in the context of the regional model of major trauma care implemented in the UK in 2012, the purpose of this review was to identify and bring together primary research about psychological and psychosocial aspects of major trauma care in the UK to produce an overview of the field to date, identify knowledge gaps and set research priorities. Methods A scoping review was undertaken. Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, SocINDEX with Full Text and PROSPERO) were searched alongside a targeted grey literature search. Data from included studies were extracted using a predefined extraction form and underwent bibliometric analysis. Included studies were then grouped by type of research, summarised, and synthesised to produce a descriptive summary and overview of the field. Results The searches identified 5,975 articles. Following screening, 43 primary research studies were included in the scoping review. The scoping review, along with previous research, illustrates that psychological and psychosocial impacts are to be expected following major trauma. However, it also found that these aspects of care are commonly underserved and that there are inherent inequities across major trauma care pathways in the UK. Conclusion Though the scoping review identified a growing body of research investigating psychological and psychosocial aspects of major trauma care pathways in the UK, significant gaps in the evidence base remain. Research is needed to establish clinically effective psychological and psychosocial assessment tools, corresponding interventions, and patient-centred outcome measures so that survivors of major trauma (and family members or carers) receive the most appropriate care and intervention.
Analysis of perceptual errors in skull-base pathology
Authors: Vong Stephen , Chang Jennifer , Assadsangabi Reza , Ivanovic Vladimir 
Published: June 2022

Purpose Medical errors result in significant mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study is to analyze skull-base errors at a single tertiary institution, identify common anatomic sites of errors, and offer strategies to reduce errors in this region. Methods A Neuroradiology Quality Assurance Database of radiologic errors was searched for attending physician computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging errors in skull-base pathology from 2014 to 2020. Data were limited to CT and MRI reports. Errors were separated into four subcategories (tumor, trauma, vascular, and congenital) and further divided by relevant anatomic site. Results A total of 90 skull-based errors were identified. Most errors were perceptual (87%), with common study types including MRI Brain (39%) and CT Head (24%). Most common errors were tumors (55%), followed by trauma (24%), vascular (10%), and congenital (7%). Six anatomic sites were identified and encompassed over half of errors (58%): sella, occipital bone, cerebellopontine angle/internal auditory canal (CPA/IAC), foramen magnum and clivus, cavernous sinus, and dural venous sinus. Summary Most of the skull-base errors were perceptual. Placing a strong emphasis on both the pathology and closely examining its critical anatomic site (sella, occipital bone, CPA/IAC, foramen magnum and clivus, cavernous sinus, and dural venous sinus) could potentially reduce up to 60% of errors in these regions.
Macular microcirculation changes after macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair with silicone oil tamponade evaluated by OCT-A: preliminary results
Authors: Christou Evita Evangelia , Stavrakas Panagiotis , Georgalas Ilias , Batsos Georgios , Christodoulou Eleni , Stefaniotou Maria 
Published: June 2022

Background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with macular involvement is a sight-threatening condition. Silicone oil (SO) is efficacious for retinal tamponade, especially in complex cases. Whether macular detachment per se or the potential tamponading agent may affect macular microcirculation after RRD repair is a matter of research. Objectives: To investigate macular microcirculation changes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intravitreal SO for RRD repair in the early posttreatment period. Design: Prospective comparative cross-sectional study. Data sources and Methods: Fourteen eyes of 14 patients were included in the study. All eyes underwent a single successful PPV with SO tamponade for macula-off RRD. OCT-A was performed to analyze macular microcirculation and visual outcomes at 1 month postoperatively. The fellow unaffected eye was used as control. Results: Vessel density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) was significantly lower at each macular region (fovea, parafovea, and perifovea) of SO-treated eyes compared with the fellow eyes (all p = 0.001). Similarly, perfusion density (PD) in the SCP was significantly lower at each macular region than the fellow eyes (all p = 0.001). There was enlargement of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and decrease of circularity at RRD eyes compared with the fellow ones (all p = 0.001). Postoperative logMAR visual acuity (VA) was significantly lower in treated eyes than fellow eyes and correlated inversely with foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal VD and PD SCP (all p < 0.001). Postoperative VA had no correlation with FAZ parameters. Conclusion: Enlargement of FAZ SCP and decrease in VD and PD SCP during the short-term follow-up were possibly attributable to ischemic changes in the macular area after RRD repair with SO tamponade. In this preliminary study, the flow density in macular capillary plexus may represent an indicator of visual outcomes.