bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nonconsecutive Sessions of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Stationary Cycling on Walking Capacity in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Rahimibarghani Sarvenaz , Azadvari Mohaddeseh , Emami-Razavi Seyede Zahra , Harirchian Mohammad Hossein , Rahimi-Dehgolan Shahram , Fateh Hamid R. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Exercise has been demonstrated to be safe and well-tolerated in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Physical activity has been shown to enhance the therapeutic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). This study aimed to determine the efficacy of intermittent tDCS combined with riding a stationary bicycle to improve walking capacity in individuals with MS.

METHODS
This double-blind randomized controlled trial enrolled 50 eligible participants. Thirty-nine participants completed the study: 21 in the active group and 18 in the control group. Participants were assigned randomly to exercise on a stationary bike in conjunction with anodal tDCS or to exercise combined with a sham tDCS protocol. Walking capacity tests (2-Minute Walk Test, 5-Meter Walk Test, Timed Up and Go test), manual muscle testing, the Fatigue Severity Scale, and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life–54 were used to determine outcomes.

RESULTS
In terms of observed changes in 2-Minute Walk Test and 5-Meter Walk Test values, the exercise + tDCS group achieved significantly higher posttreatment values than the exercise + sham tDCS group. After the intervention and 1 month later, the intervention group's mean Timed Up and Go test value decreased significantly (P = .002) compared with that of the control group. There was no difference in Fatigue Severity Scale score, Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life–54 score, or manual muscle testing improvement between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Nonconsecutive sessions of anodal tDCS combined with stationary cycling may have a greater effect on the walking capacity of individuals with MS than exercise alone
Stoichiometric Post‐Modification of Hydrogel Microparticles Dictates Neural Stem Cell Fate in Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffolds
Authors: Wilson Katrina L. , Pérez Sasha Cai Lesher , Naffaa Moawiah M. , Kelly Sean H. , Segura Tatiana 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicroporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds are generated from assembled hydrogel microparticles (microgels). It has been previously demonstrated that MAP scaffold are porous, biocompatible, and recruit neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to the stroke cavity after injection into the stroke core. Here, the goal is to study NPC fate inside MAP scaffolds in vitro. To create plain microgels that can later be converted to contain different types of bioactivities, the inverse electron‐demand Diels–Alder reaction between tetrazine and norbornene is utilized, which allows the post‐modification of plain microgels stoichiometrically. As a result of adhesive peptide attachment, NPC spreading leads to contractile force generation which can be recorded by tracking microgel displacement. Alternatively, non‐adhesive peptide integration results in neurosphere formation that grows within the void space of MAP scaffolds. Although the formed neurospheres do not impose a contractile force on the scaffolds, they are seen to continuously transverse the scaffolds. It is concluded that MAP scaffolds can be engineered to either promote neurogenesis or enhance stemness depending on the chosen post‐modifications of the microgels, which can be key in modulating their phenotypes in various applications in vivo.
Atomic and Electronic Manipulation of Robust Ferroelectric Polymorphs
Authors: Eshete Yonas Assefa , Kang Kyungrok , Kang Seunghun , Kim Yejin , Nguyen Phuong Lien , Cho Deok‐Yong , Kim Yunseok , Lee Jaekwang , Cho Suyeon , Yang Heejun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPolymorphism allows the symmetry of the lattice and spatial charge distributions of atomically thin materials to be designed. While various polymorphs for superconducting, magnetic, and topological states have been extensively studied, polymorphic control is a challenge for robust ferroelectricity in atomically thin geometries. Here, the atomic and electric manipulation of ferroelectric polymorphs in Mo1−xWxTe2 is reported. Atomic manipulation for polymorphic control via chemical pressure (substituting tungsten for molybdenum atoms) and charge density modulation can realize tunable polar lattice structures and robust ferroelectricity up to T = 400 K with a constant coercive field in an atomically thin material. Owing to the effective inversion symmetry breaking, the ferroelectric switching withstands a charge carrier density of up to 1.1 × 1013 cm−2, developing an original diagram for ferroelectric switching in atomically thin materials.
Nanomaterial‐Based Sensor Arrays With Deep Learning for Screening of Illicit Drugs
Authors: Yen Yao‐Te , Lin Yu‐Syuan , Chang Yin‐Jue , Li Ming‐Ta , Chyueh San‐Chong , Chang Huan‐Tsung 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRapid and accurate screening techniques are demanded for illicit drugs that have raised international tensions. Bovine serum albumin‐stabilized gold nanoclusters (BSA‐Au NCs), carbon dots (C dots), thiosalicylic acid‐stabilized silver nanoclusters (TA‐Ag NCs), and Marquis reagent as photoluminescent sensing probes for five common illicit drugs are demonstrated in this study. Cocaine, 4‐chloroethcathinone (4‐CEC), and ketamine induce different degrees of photoluminescence changes of BSA‐Au NCs, C dots, and TA‐Ag NCs. Detection of heroin and methamphetamine (MA) is based on their formation of fluorescence polymer particles with Marquis reagent. To provide a unique pattern for each analyte, 2 × 4 sensor arrays are prepared. A deep learning‐drug screening platform and system (DL‐DSPS) is established and applied to differentiate the five illicit drugs, each with unique code based on its response to the probes. For example, codes of (−1, −1, 1, 0), (0, −1, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1, 1), and (0, 0, 0, 1) are for 4‐CEC, cocaine, ketamine, heroin, and MA, respectively. The cost‐effective and compact DL‐DSPS is validated for screening of real‐world illicit drug samples, with results in good agreement with that from GC‐MS, showing its potential for multi‐drug screening at crime scenes.
Highly Scalable, Wearable Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Limei , Martinez Pancorbo Pablo , Xiao Ting‐Hui , Noguchi Saya , Marumi Machiko , Segawa Hiroki , Karhadkar Siddhant , Gala de Pablo Julia , Hiramatsu Kotaro , Kitahama Yasutaka , Itoh Tamitake , Qu Junle , Takei Kuniharu , Goda Keisuke 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe last two decades have witnessed a dramatic growth of wearable sensor technology, mainly represented by flexible, stretchable, on‐skin electronic sensors that provide rich information of the wearer's health conditions and surroundings. A recent breakthrough in the field is the development of wearable chemical sensors based on surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) that can detect molecular fingerprints universally, sensitively, and noninvasively. However, while their sensing properties are excellent, these sensors are not scalable for widespread use beyond small‐scale human health monitoring due to their cumbersome fabrication process and limited multifunctional sensing capabilities. Here, a highly scalable, wearable SERS sensor is demonstrated based on an easy‐to‐fabricate, low‐cost, ultrathin, flexible, stretchable, adhesive, and biointegratable gold nanomesh. It can be fabricated in any shape and worn on virtually any surface for label‐free, large‐scale, in situ sensing of diverse analytes from low to high concentrations (10–106 × 10−9 m). To show the practical utility of the wearable SERS sensor, the sensor is tested for the detection of sweat biomarkers, drugs of abuse, and microplastics. This wearable SERS sensor represents a significant step toward the generalizability and practicality of wearable sensing technology.
Recent Patterning Methods for Halide Perovskite Nanoparticles
Authors: Han Jeong Woo , Hwang Seung Hwan , Seol Myeong Jin , Kim Soo Young 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHalide perovskites emerge as attractive materials because of their superior optical and optoelectrical properties. Patterned perovskites are useful because they can maximize the optical and electronic properties of perovskites to thereby enhance optoelectronic devices. However, halide perovskite patterning devices are limited by their instability (caused by lattice strain) and ionic properties (e.g., halide migration). Moreover, it is very difficult to pattern perovskites using common photolithography methods. Researchers have tried to overcome these obstacles by searching for templates or avoiding photoresists or direct patterning techniques. In this article, research into perovskite patterning methods that do not use conventional photolithography is reviewed, and a roadmap for direct optical perovskite patterning research is suggested.
Surface Wrinkling versus Global Buckling Instabilities in Thin Film‐Substrate Systems under Biaxial Loading: Direct 3D Numerical Simulations
Authors: Nikravesh Siavash , Ryu Donghyeon , Shen Yu‐Lin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhen a thin film bonded to a compliant substrate is subject to in‐plane compressive loading, wrinkles on the thin film may form as a consequence of deformation instability. The specimen geometry may also favor global buckling. In this study, a recently developed computational approach is employed to directly simulate 3D wrinkling and buckling from pre‐instability to post‐instability in a straightforward manner, covering a wide biaxial loading spectrum. The finite element models contain an embedded imperfection with perturbed material properties at the film‐substrate interface. This approach is capable of activating the first and subsequent bifurcation modes, along with the deformation patterns in between. It is demonstrated that, in addition to the temporal evolution of wrinkle patterns, surface wrinkling and global buckling can form simultaneously as the substrate becomes thinner. Wrinkles and buckle can either co‐develop, or the buckling‐induced curvature may help facilitate wrinkle formation depending on the specimen thickness and loading biaxiality. Different wrinkle patterns, such as parallel waveform and checkerboard, can even coexist on the same buckled structure. The state of biaxiality can influence the deformation instability significantly, and each bifurcation point can be traced back to certain abrupt changes in the overall load–displacement response.
The behavioral phenotype of Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Awan Neelam , Pearson Effie , Shelley Lauren , Greenhill Courtney , Tarver Joanne , Waite Jane 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a rare genetic syndrome associated with growth delay, phenotypic facial characteristics, microcephaly, developmental delay, broad thumbs, and big toes. Most research on RTS has focused on the genotype and physical phenotype; however, several studies have described behavioral, cognitive, social, and emotional characteristics, elucidating the behavioral phenotype of RTS. The reporting of this review was informed by PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of CINAHL, Medline, and PsychINFO was carried out in March 2021 to identify group studies describing behavioral, cognitive, emotional, psychiatric, and social characteristics in RTS. The studies were quality appraised. Characteristics reported include repetitive behavior, behaviors that challenge, intellectual disability, mental health difficulties, autism characteristics, and heightened sociability. Findings were largely consistent across studies, indicating that many characteristics are likely to form part of the behavioral phenotype of RTS. However, methodological limitations, such as a lack of appropriate comparison groups and inconsistency in measurement weaken these conclusions. There is a need for multi‐disciplinary studies, combining genetic and psychological measurement expertise within single research studies. Recommendations are made for future research studies in RTS.
Lysosome Interference Enabled by Proton‐Driven Dynamic Assembly of DNA Nanoframeworks inside Cells
Authors: Dong Yuhang , Li Feng , Lv Zhaoyue , Li Shuai , Yuan Meihe , Song Nachuan , Liu Jinqiao , Yang Dayong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCoupling materials chemistry systems to biological processes is a promising way to rationally modulate lysosomal functions. A proton‐driven dynamic assembly of a DNA nanoframework inside cells coupled with the lysosome‐mediated endocytosis pathways/lysosomal maturation, gives the rational modulation of lysosomal functions, which we term “lysosome interference”. Through lysosome‐mediated endocytosis, the DNA nanoframework with acid‐responsive semi‐i‐motif enters the lysosome and assembles into an aggregate in a process triggered by lysosomal acidity. The aggregate is suitable for long‐term retention. The consumption of protons resulted in lysosomal acidity reduction and hydrolase activity attenuation, thus hindering the degradation of nucleic acid drugs in the lysosome and improving gene silencing effects. This study shows a new way to achieve lysosome interference by coupling the subcellular microenvironment with a precisely programmable assembly system.
Pure Hydrocarbon Materials as Highly Efficient Host for White Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes: A New Molecular Design Approach
Authors: Kong Fan‐Cheng , Zhang Yuan‐Lan , Quinton Cassandre , McIntosh Nemo , Yang Sheng‐Yi , Rault‐Berthelot Joëlle , Lucas Fabien , Brouillac Clément , Jeannin Olivier , Cornil Jérôme , Jiang Zuo‐Quan , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Poriel Cyril 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo date, all efficient host materials reported for phosphorescent OLEDs (PhOLEDs) are constructed with heteroatoms, which have a crucial role in the device performance. However, it has been shown in recent years that the heteroatoms not only increase the design complexity but can also be involved in the instability of the PhOLED, which is nowadays the most important obstacle to overcome. Herein, we design pure aromatic hydrocarbon materials (PHC) as very efficient hosts in high‐performance white and blue PhOLEDs. With EQE of 27.7 %, the PHC‐based white PhOLEDs display similar efficiency as the best reported with heteroatom‐based hosts. Incorporated as a host in a blue PhOLED, which are still the weakest links of the technology, a very high EQE of 25.6 % is reached, surpassing, for the first time, the barrier of 25 % for a PHC and FIrpic blue emitter. This performance shows that the PHC strategy represents an effective alternative for the future development of the OLED industry.
Zinc(II)‐facilitated nucleophilic addition on N‐(4‐chlorophenyl) carbon hydrazonoyl dicyanide and hybrid complex formation: X‐ray, spectral characteristics, DFT, molecular docking, and biological studies
Authors: Elbadawy Hemmat A. , Ali Ali El‐Dissouky , Elkashef Amany Assem , Foro Sabine , El‐Sayed Doaa S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe isolated crystalline, N‐(4‐chlorophenyl) carbonohydrazonoyl dicyanide, NCCD, showed a unique behavior in the presence of zinc ions, ethanol, and H2O. The product was proved to be a two‐unit complex consisting of coordinated zinc(II) complex part, bis‐(1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐(1‐cyano‐2‐ethoxy‐2‐iminoethylidene)hydrazin‐1‐ide)zinc(II), Zn (CEIH)2, and a coupled modified organic part, 4‐amino‐N‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐((4‐chlorophenyl)diazen‐yl)‐6‐ethoxypyrimidine‐2‐carbohydrazonoyl cyanide (ACDPC). Such behavior may be attributed to the activity of nitrile groups in NCCD and the zinc(II) catalytic power in aqueous media. The structures of the products were confirmed by elemental analysis and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The spectral properties were analyzed by studying FTIR, UV–Visible, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and XPS. Moreover, computational calculations including DFT were applied to the synthesized compounds to estimate their optimized structure and deduce some quantum parameters. The FTIR, UV–Visible, and NMR data were compared with the calculated results, showing a good agreement. Molecular docking was applied to study the interaction of NCCD and GNB‐selected protein targets for Escherichia coli (ID: 5I39) and Proteus vagaries (ID: 6QF6). The isolated compounds were investigated as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer agents showing variable activities. The NCCD showed a higher impact as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent, whereas the zinc complex showed better antioxidant behavior using DPPH radical scavenging activity test.
Recent developments in phase‐change memory
Authors: Ehrmann Andrea , Blachowicz Tomasz , Ehrmann Guido , Grethe Thomas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPhase‐change memory (PCM) belongs to the nonvolatile solid‐state memory techniques. Usually, a chalcogenide is sandwiched between two conductive electrodes and data are stored by setting each cell to a low‐resistance (crystalline) or a high‐resistance (amorphous) state. Switching between these states is relatively fast, which makes phase‐change random access memories (PCRAMs) highly interesting for nonvolatile memories. Multilevel cells, which can store more than 1 bit per cell, and multilayer high‐density memory arrays have also been reported as advantages of PCRAM. Writing currents and data retention, on the other hand, still show potential for optimization. This review gives an overview of the most recent developments in new material compositions and material‐related optimization of PCM in comparison with already produced PCM.
Rectilinear elements of visual optical double stars: With application to the 1829 southern double star catalogue of James Dunlop
Authors: Letchford Roderick R. , White Graeme L. , Brown Carolyn J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe relative Rectilinear motion of optical double stars provides an important clue to the relationship of the components. We provide an objective method of confirming the optical status of double stars, and of obtaining unbiased rectilinear elements solely on data obtained from the HIPPARCOS and Gaia DR2 space missions. We apply this technique to determine the rectilinear elements of 14 optical double stars from the southern double star catalogue of James Dunlop. The resultant uncertainties are, on average, an order of magnitude smaller than the method currently used.
The development and validation of The Social Referencing Observation Scale as a screening instrument for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lubomirska Anna , Eldevik Sigmund , Eikeseth Svein , Riis Stephan , Budzińska Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe Social Referencing Observation Scale (SoROS) was developed to assess social referencing behaviors and as a screening instrument to identify children at risk of autism spectrum disorder. It is quick and easy for preschool teachers to administer. The instrument assesses social referencing behaviors in three different scenarios, where the administrator expresses fear, pain, and joy. The participants were 56 children with autism and 204 typically developing children aged between 2.6 and 5 years. The inter‐rater agreement was high, and we found significant differences in scores between the autism spectrum disorder group and the group of typically developing children. The SoROS predicted an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis with excellent sensitivity and specificity. More research is needed with a larger and more diverse group of children.
Procedural generation of virtual pavilions via a deep convolutional generative adversarial network
Authors: Chen Ziwei , Lyu Desheng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVirtual pavilions can help spread culture and bring fun. A virtual pavilion needs a designed map, and terrain editors then manually layout each part of it. Procedural content generation via machine learning can quickly generate virtual pavilion maps to assist in virtual pavilion design. This article proposes adding a self‐attention module to some commonly used deep convolutional generative adversarial networks to generate virtual pavilion maps. A three‐dimensional(3D) virtual pavilion is built based on these maps, and interactive features are added to make it more experiential. Then the improved and original networks are mainly evaluated in generating maps that are solvable and similar to the training data for finding the best generator. The evaluation results show that our improved methods always perform better on each metric, and the WGAN with a self‐attention module is what we need.
Targeting CXCR4 to suppress glioma‐initiating cells and chemoresistance in glioma
Authors: Wu Yao , Hu Yu , Tang Lingli , Yin Senlin , Lv Liang , Zhou Peizhi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGlioma initiating cells (GICs), also known as glioma stem cells, display the capacity to recapitulate the functional diversity within the tumor. Despite the great progress achieved over the last decades, defining the key molecular regulators of GICs has represented a major obstacle in this field. In our study, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database illustrated a relationship between C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression and the survival of glioma patients. Mechanistically, we further indicated that CXCR4 mediated the upregulation of Kruppel like factor 5 (KLF5), a zinc‐finger‐containing transcription factor, to facilitate the proliferation of GICs. What's more, CXCR4 also enhanced the chemoresistance through KLF5/Bcl2‐like 12 (BCl2L12) in glioma. The elevated expression of KLF5 and BCL2L12 induced by CXCR4 was dependent on phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3K)/serine/threonine kinase (AKT) signaling. Importantly, combined application of temozolomide and a CXCR4 inhibitor efficiently reversed CXCR4 mediated drugs resistance and improved anticancer effects in vivo. Collectively, our findings confirmed that CXCR4 promoted GICs proliferation via the KLF5/BCL2L12 dependent pathway, which may enrich the understanding of GICs and help drive the design of efficacious therapeutic strategies.
Risk factors for in‐stent restenosis after vertebral artery stenting of V1 segment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Guo Julong , Ning Yachan , Wu Sensen , Zhang Fan , Li Yang , Xu Zeqin , Guo Lianrui , Gu Yongquan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn‐stent restenosis (ISR) remains a challenge in the treatment of vertebral artery V1 segment stenosis. The aim of this meta‐analysis is to identify the risk factors of ISR.MethodsStudies eligible for inclusion criteria were found in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Data related to risk factors of ISR were extracted from the included studies, and pooled analysis was performed when data of the same factor were available in ≥2 studies. Dichotomous outcomes were analyzed with odds ratios (OR) and continuous outcomes were analyzed with a weighted mean difference (WMD). The Stata 14.0 program was used for the meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 11 studies involving 1356 patients were included in our analysis. Pooled analyses showed that younger age (p = 0.01; WMD= −1.958; 95% confidence interval [CI], −3.453 to −0.463) and V1 tortuosity (p = 0.004; OR = 4.145; 95% CI, 1.56–11.012) significantly associated with higher risk of ISR in V1 segment stenting. While bare‐metal stents, stent diameter and length, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and smoking were not found to increase ISR rates.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis showed that young age and V1 tortuosity increase the ISR rates after vertebral V1 segment stenting.
Nothing is ever so good that it cannot stand a little revision: The advance of WATCHMAN iterations
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Cardaioli Francesco 
Published: June 2022

Key Points
The new Watchman FLX is characterized by some new features which should potentially improve its deliverability and versatility.
The present study seems to confirm this progress, even if some differences between all‐comers registries and randomized controlled trials' populations have to be taken into account.
While waiting for further randomized head‐to‐head comparisons, the new Watchman FLX seems to have gained a primary role in this field.