bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transurethral Retrograde Fishing the Double J Urethral Stent: A Tertiary Children Hospital's Experience With a New Technical Strategy
Authors: Yu Chengjun , Wei Chun , Dong Junjun , He Xingyue , Wei Yi , Wen Sheng , Lin Tao , He Dawei , Wu Shengde , Wei Guanghui 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide a new strategy for non-cystoscopic double J urethral stent (JJS) removal, the transurethral retrograde fishing the double J urethral stent (TURFJJS), that avoids general anesthesia in pediatric populations.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the JJS removal records of patients having ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). We analyzed differences in the removal success rates, operation-related severe complications, total cost, duration, and parental satisfaction between TURFJJS and traditional cystoscopic double J urethral stent removal (CJJSR) procedures.ResultsA total of 324 patients with UPJO were included in this study. CJJSR yielded a success rate of 100%. TURFJJS achieved a success rate of 94.3%. The TURFJJS was just an outpatient procedure, and its total cost was about 800 Chinese yuan (US$ 124). There were no severe JJS removal-related complications using TURFJJS. Parental satisfaction was 98.2 and 92.5% for the CJJSR and TURFJJS protocols, respectively.ConclusionTURFJJS is safe, effective, cost-effective, and well-tolerated in pediatric patients, minimizing or eliminating the need for general anesthesia, additional hospitalization, and waste of time. TURFJJS should be widely used in pediatric urology.
POEM Is a Durable Treatment in Children and Adolescents With Achalasia Cardia
Authors: Nabi Zaheer , Ramchandani Mohan , Basha Jahangeer , Goud Rajesh , Darisetty Santosh , Reddy Duvvur Nageshwar 
Published: February 2022

Background and AimPer-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is emerging as an effective treatment for pediatric achalasia. There are limited data on the long-term efficacy of POEM in children and adolescents with achalasia. In this study, we aim to evaluate the outcomes of POEM at ≥4 years follow-up.MethodThe data of consecutive children who underwent POEM (September 2013–July 2021) and completed at least 4 years follow-up were analyzed retrospectively. The primary outcome was clinical success (Eckardt ≤ 3) at ≥4 years follow-up. The secondary outcomes included the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and predictors of recurrent symptoms (Eckardt ≥2) after POEM.ResultsA total of 69 children underwent POEM for achalasia during the study period. Of these, 41 (59.4%) children completed ≥4 years [mean 68.5 months (range 48–94)] follow-up, and 38 were included in the final analysis. The subtypes of achalasia included type I (28.9%), type II (60.5%), and type III (2.6%). There was a history of prior treatment in 11 children (28.9%). Clinical success was recorded in 36 (94.7%) patients who successfully underwent POEM. Recurrent symptoms (Eckardt ≥ 2) were noticed in 12 (31.6%) children at ≥4 years. On multivariate analysis, there were no identifiable factors which predicted recurrent symptoms after POEM. Symptomatic GERD and erosive esophagitis were detected in 13.8% (4/29) and 57.1% (8/14) of the children, respectively.ConclusionPOEM is a durable treatment modality for achalasia in the pediatric population irrespective of the sub-type of achalasia and history of prior treatment.
Effect of CYP4F2 Polymorphisms on Ticagrelor Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Chinese Volunteers
Authors: Nie Shanshan , Chen Kaifeng , Guo Chengxian , Pei Qi , Zou Chan , Yao Liangyuan , Yuan Hongbo , Zhao Xia , Xie Ran , He Xu , Huang Jie , Yang Guoping 
Published: February 2022

Background: Ticagrelor belongs to a new class of P2Y12 receptor inhibitor that has been widely used for antiplatelet therapy. This study aimed to explore the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in metabolic enzymes, transporters, and other relevant variants on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ticagrelor and its active metabolite, AR-C124910XX.Methods: The study population comprised 68 healthy Chinese volunteers who were enrolled in a ticagrelor bioequivalence clinical trial. The PK profile of ticagrelor was evaluated after orally administering a single 90-mg dose of ticagrelor in tablet form. The plasma concentrations of ticagrelor and AR-C124910XX were determined through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma DNA samples were used to explore the effect of gene polymorphisms on the PK of ticagrelor and AR-C124910XX with whole-exome sequencing.Results: Female participants had a higher maximum plasma concentration/weight ratio (Cmax/W; p &lt; 0.001) and a shorter half-life (T1/2; p &lt; 0.05) for ticagrelor than their male counterparts. In addition, a higher area under the curve/weight ratio (AUC/W; p &lt; 0.001), and longer T1/2 (p &lt; 0.001) and time to reach the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax; p &lt; 0.001), as well as a lower apparent drug clearance (CL/F; p &lt; 0.001), were observed among healthy volunteers in the fed trial compared to those enrolled in the fasting trial. For AR-C124910XX, higher Cmax/W (p &lt; 0.001) and AUC/W (p &lt; 0.001) but lower CL/F (p &lt; 0.001) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F; p &lt; 0.001) were observed among female participants. Healthy volunteers enrolled in the fasting trial exhibited higher Cmax/W (p &lt; 0.001) and AUC/W (p &lt; 0.01), shorter Tmax (p &lt; 0.001), and lower CL/F (p &lt; 0.001) and Vd/F (p &lt; 0.001) than those enrolled in the fed trial. Upon confirmation through multivariate analysis, the CYP4F2 rs2074900 A/A carriers were associated with higher Cmax/W and AUC/W and lower CL/F and Vd/F than the CYP4F2 rs2074900 A/G and G/G carriers.Conclusion: This study is the first to show that the CYP4F2 rs2074900 SNP had a remarkable effect on ticagrelor PK, which is significant since it adds to the limited pharmacogenetic information on ticagrelor.
Local Positioning System-Derived External Load of Female and Male Varsity Ice Hockey Players During Regular Season Games
Authors: Gamble Alexander S. D. , Bigg Jessica L. , Nyman Danielle L. E. , Spriet Lawrence L. 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe purposes of this study were to quantify the external load for female and male varsity ice hockey players during regular season games using a local positioning system (LPS), compare LPS-derived external load between sexes and positions, and compare skating distances in absolute and relative speed zones.MethodsData were collected for 21 female (7 defense, 14 forwards; 20.0 ± 1.4 yrs., 69.1 ± 6.7 kg, 167.1 ± 5.4 cm) and 25 male (8 defense, 17 forwards; 21.9 ± 1.1 yrs., 85.9 ± 5.4 kg, 181.1 ± 5.2 cm) varsity ice hockey players. Measures included skating distance (total, and in absolute and relative speed zones), peak skating speed, peak acceleration and deceleration, accumulative acceleration load, and number of accelerations, decelerations, turns, skating transitions, direction changes, and impacts.ResultsFemale and male players had a high external load during games, with average peak skating speeds &gt;28 km/h and average skating distances &gt;4.4 km. Most LPS-derived measures showed greater external load in males than females (p &lt; 0.05). Forwards skated further at higher speeds compared to defense in both sexes (p &lt; 0.001). Skating distances were significantly different when comparing absolute and relative speed zones (p &lt; 0.001), with absolute speed zones potentially overestimating skating at very slow, very fast, and sprint speeds and underestimating skating at slow and moderate speeds.ConclusionThis was the first study to measure external load in female ice hockey players with a LPS. Both female and male varsity players had high external loads during games, with forwards having greater external load at higher intensities and defense having greater external load at lower intensities. Sex and positional differences outline the importance of individualized athlete monitoring.
Effects of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Emergency Trauma: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhong Junfeng , Li Yan , Fang Lichao , Han Dan , Gong Chuhao , Hu Shuangyan , Wang Rongguo , Wang Liwei , Yao Rui , Li Beiping , Zhu Yangzi , Yu Youjia 
Published: February 2022

ObjectivePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a frequent and disabling consequence of traumatic events. A previous study found that early use of propofol was a potential risk factor for PTSD. This prospective study aimed to investigate the effect of propofol and sevoflurane on PTSD after emergency surgery in trauma patients.MethodsA total of 300 trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery were randomly divided into two groups and anesthetized with propofol and/or sevoflurane. Perioperative clinical data were collected. The incidence of PTSD was evaluated with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) in the two groups 1 month after the operation. The relevance of the injury time and CAPS-5 scores was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for PTSD.ResultsThe incidence of PTSD in the propofol group was higher than that in the sevoflurane group 1 month postoperatively (23.2 vs. 12.2%, P = 0.014). The injury time was negatively correlated with the CAPS-5 score in the propofol group (r = -0.226, P &lt; 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, the utilization of propofol was an independent risk factor for PTSD (P = 0.017).ConclusionEarly use of propofol general anesthesia in emergency surgery for trauma patients may increase the risk of PTSD.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.chictr.org.cn, identifier: ChiCTR2100050202.
Early Childhood Caries Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Monastir, Tunisia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chouchene Farah , Masmoudi Fatma , Baaziz Ahlem , Maatouk Fethi , Ghedira Hichem 
Published: February 2022

PurposeThe present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of ECC among preschool children in Monastir, Tunisia.MethodsThe survey was designed as a cross-sectional study carried out between February and April 2021 in the main region of Monastir, Tunisia. A total of 381 preschool children were randomly selected using a three-stage clustered sampling technique from 10 daycares. The dental caries were diagnosed using WHO recommendations and a questionnaire in Arabic language was used to record personnel profile of the enrolled children. The chi-square test was used in bivariate analyses to assess the association between ECC and risk factors. Variables showing significant associations were included in multiple logistic regression models.ResultsThe prevalence of ECC was 20% and the mean dmft score was 0.89 ± 0.24. The prevalence of ECC increased at the age of 48–59 months ([OR] 2.602; 95%CI: 1.122–2.302), the age of 60–71 months ([OR] 2.845; 95% CI: 1.128–2.072), in children with nocturnal feeding ([OR] 2,417; 95% CI: 1.340–4,358), who take sugary drinks in the bottle ([OR] 1.104; 95% CI: 1.667–2.826), stopped breast or bottle feeding after the age of 18 months ([OR] 2.417; 95% CI: 1.340–4.358), do not brush their teeth properly ([OR] 1.435; 95% CI: 1.207–2.915), had visited a dentist ([OR] 2.444; 95% CI: 2.072–1.108), and decreased in children with a more highly educated parents ([OR] 0.797; 95%CI: 0.171–0.650).ConclusionGiven the relatively high prevalence of ECC in Tunisia, it is important to review public dental health policies and develop effective strategies to encourage changes in behavior related to the oral health of children to prevent the spread and worsening of this disease.
High Resolution, Annual Maps of Field Boundaries for Smallholder-Dominated Croplands at National Scales
Authors: Estes Lyndon D. , Ye Su , Song Lei , Luo Boka , Eastman J. Ronald , Meng Zhenhua , Zhang Qi , McRitchie Dennis , Debats Stephanie R. , Muhando Justus , Amukoa Angeline H. , Kaloo Brian W. , Makuru Jackson , Mbatia Ben K. , Muasa Isaac M. , Mucha Julius , Mugami Adelide M. , Mugami Judith M. , Muinde Francis W. , Mwawaza Fredrick M. , Ochieng Jeff , Oduol Charles J. , Oduor Purent , Wanjiku Thuo , Wanyoike Joseph G. , Avery Ryan B. , Caylor Kelly K. 
Published: February 2022

Mapping the characteristics of Africa’s smallholder-dominated croplands, including the sizes and numbers of fields, can provide critical insights into food security and a range of other socioeconomic and environmental concerns. However, accurately mapping these systems is difficult because there is 1) a spatial and temporal mismatch between satellite sensors and smallholder fields, and 2) a lack of high-quality labels needed to train and assess machine learning classifiers. We developed an approach designed to address these two problems, and used it to map Ghana’s croplands. To overcome the spatio-temporal mismatch, we converted daily, high resolution imagery into two cloud-free composites (the primary growing season and subsequent dry season) covering the 2018 agricultural year, providing a seasonal contrast that helps to improve classification accuracy. To address the problem of label availability, we created a platform that rigorously assesses and minimizes label error, and used it to iteratively train a Random Forests classifier with active learning, which identifies the most informative training sample based on prediction uncertainty. Minimizing label errors improved model F1 scores by up to 25%. Active learning increased F1 scores by an average of 9.1% between first and last training iterations, and 2.3% more than models trained with randomly selected labels. We used the resulting 3.7 m map of cropland probabilities within a segmentation algorithm to delineate crop field boundaries. Using an independent map reference sample (n= 1,207), we found that the cropland probability and field boundary maps had respective overall accuracies of 88 and 86.7%, user’s accuracies for the cropland class of 61.2 and 78.9%, and producer’s accuracies of 67.3 and 58.2%. An unbiased area estimate calculated from the map reference sample indicates that cropland covers 17.1% (15.4–18.9%) of Ghana. Using the most accurate validation labels to correct for biases in the segmented field boundaries map, we estimated that the average size and total number of field in Ghana are 1.73 ha and 1,662,281, respectively. Our results demonstrate an adaptable and transferable approach for developing annual, country-scale maps of crop field boundaries, with several features that effectively mitigate the errors inherent in remote sensing of smallholder-dominated agriculture.
A Multi-Event Study of Early-Stage SEP Acceleration by CME-Driven Shocks—Sun to 1 AU
Authors: Kozarev Kamen , Nedal Mohamed , Miteva Rositsa , Dechev Momchil , Zucca Pietro 
Published: February 2022

The solar corona between below 10 solar radii is an important region for early acceleration and transport of solar energetic particles (SEPs) by coronal mass ejection-driven shock waves. There, these waves propagate into a highly variable dynamic medium with steep gradients and rapidly expanding coronal magnetic fields, which modulates the particle acceleration near the shock/wave surfaces, and the way SEPs spread into the heliosphere. We present a study modeling the acceleration of SEPs in global coronal shock events in the corona, as well as their transport to 1 au, based on telescopic observations coupled with dynamic physical models. As part of the project Solar Particle Radiation Environment Analysis and Forecasting—Acceleration and Scattering Transport (SPREAdFAST), we model the interaction of observed off-limb coronal bright fronts (CBF) with the coronal plasma from synoptic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. We then simulate the SEP acceleration in analytical diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) model. The simulated fluxes are used as time-dependent inner boundary conditions for modeling the particle transport to 1 au. Resulting flux time series are compared with 1 au observations for validation. We summarize our findings and present implications for nowcasting SEP acceleration and heliospheric connectivity.
Clinicopathological Characteristics of Plurihormonal Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Shi Ruoyu , Wan Xueyan , Yan Zisheng , Tan Zhoubin , Liu Xiaojin , Lei Ting 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundAs the pathogenesis of plurihormonal pituitary adenoma (PPA) is unclear and the diagnostic criteria are inconsistent, clinicians still find it challenging to diagnose. To analyze the relationship between clinical and pathological characteristics in PPA.MethodsThe clinical data of patients with 70 PPAs admitted during 2008–2010 and 2019–2020 were collected and analyzed. In particular, hormone examination using cell culture supernatant was performed to confirm PPA cases from 2019 to 2020.ResultsPPA accounted for 13% of all pituitary cases recorded in the same period. There were 30 men and 40 women. Fifty-three percent of patients had one endocrine manifestation, and 1% presented with two endocrine symptoms. However, none of the patients had three endocrine manifestations. The level of one and two types of hormones was elevated in 52 (74.3%) and 5 (7.1%) patients, respectively and that of three types of hormones was increased only in one patient. Immunohistochemical staining for PRL + TSH or FSH/LH was most commonly performed (n = 17), followed by that for PRL + GH + ACTH and PRL + GH + TSH or FSH/LH (n = 14) and PRL + ACTH (n = 10). The primary culture results in vitro were consistent with the pathological findings in five (41.7%) patients. Moreover, 4 of 12 patients diagnosed with PPA during 2019–2020 tested positive for SOX2.ConclusionThe pathogenesis of PPA remains elusive due to the lack of specific clinical symptoms and endocrine changes. Examination of hormones on tumor culture supernatant is helpful for its diagnosis.
Efektivitas Penerapan Pasal 7 Undang-Undang Perkawinan Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 dalam Upaya Meminimalisir Perkawinan Dini
Authors: Dewi Mahmudah Uun , Iftitah Anik , Alfaris Moh. 
Published: February 2022

Pada dasarnya, perkawinan berlandasakan pada sisi religiusitas, yang berarti bahwa aspek keagamaan merupakan salah satu dasar pokok dalam menjalankan kehidupan berumah tangga dan ketaqwaan serta keimanan kepada Tuhan. Penelitian ini meneliti kebijakan pembatasan usia perkawinan pasca dihapuskannya perbedaan usia minimal perkawinan dalam UU 1/1974 tentang Perkawinan dengan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 22/PUU-XV/2017 dan keefektifannya di daerah sebagai refleksi penegakan hukum perkawinan nasional. Peneliti menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif dari jenis penelitian hukum empiris. Data yang diterapkan ialah hasil kombinasi dari data primer dan sekunder, berbentuk penelitian evaluatif yang tujuannya untuk mengevaluasi penerapan suatu penelitian lapangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Pasal 7 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No. 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perkawinan sebagai produk hukum pasca putusan MK di atas di wilayah Kantor Urusan Agama Kec. Garum masih belum efektif.
Blind Painful Eye Revealing Spontaneously Regressed Retinoblastoma in Young Patient
Authors: Hadijah Hadijah , Pagarra Halimah , P. Amir Suliati , Pratiwi Andi 
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Spontaneous regression is a rare but well-known feature of retinoblastoma, which is predicted in approximately 2 of every 100 cases. Unilateral, unifocal spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma is infrequent; bilateral multifocal spontaneous regression of retinoblastoma is even more extraordinary. In many of the previously reported cases, the eye (or eyes) containing the spontaneously regressed tumor has been phthisical and blind. Herein, we describe the case of a young woman with unilateral, spontaneously regressed retinoblastoma (RB), with inflamed, blind, and phthisis in the left eye as an uncommon presentation of spontaneously regressed retinoblastoma
Methods: This is a case report: An 18-year-old woman came to the outpatient clinic with a chief complaint of pain in the left eye since 1 month prior and a history of dysfunctional “cat’s” eye since childhood.
Results: Exotropia and atrophy bulbi was noticed in the left eye. Anterior segment examination revealed signs of inflammation including conjunctival hyperemia, shallow anterior chamber, rubeosis iridis, and posterior synechia with white “chalky” mass suggestive calcification. B-scan ultrasonography showed a point like lesion and solitary solid intraocular mass with calcification in vitreus. Orbital computed tomography scan (CT-Scan) showed atrophy of the left eye with intraocular calcification without optic nerve and extraocular muscle involvement. Enucleation and histopathology examination were done and revealed undifferentiated retinoblastoma beyond the sign of metastasis in other parts of the eye.
Conclusion: Blind painful eye may present as the main feature of spontaneously regressed retinoblastoma that possibly caused by an inflammatory reaction.
Analysis of Chest Tube Scars on the Use of Conventional versus Knotless Methods
Authors: Loho Claudia , Hatibie Mendy , Tangkilisan Adrian , Sukanto Wega , Langi Fredrik G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Removal of chest tube is a one of the most distressing and frustrating experience for patients. Moreover, it has a tendency of scar formation. A relatively new method has been developed using a type of suture without knots (knotless). Assessment of scar is an objective and subjective method performed by using patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS). This study was aimed to assess the scars formed due to chest tube removal using conventional and knotless sutures. This was a controlled trial design. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the PSOAS scores of scars formed due to conventional and knotless sutures performed by patients and observers after three months, and obtained a p-value of less than 0.05. In conclusion, scar formation due to knotless suture is more acceptable for patients compared to conventional suture among chest tube removal wounds; therefore, the knotless suture can be a cosmetically alternative for wound closure management. Keywords: chest tube; scar tissue; knotless suture; conventional suture Abstrak: Pelepasan chest tube merupakan hal yang menyakitkan dan pengalaman yang membuat frustasi bagi pasien. Selain itu, tindakan ini berpeluang menyebabkan pembentukan jaringan parut. Telah dikembangkan metode baru dengan material jahitan baru yang tidak perlu disimpul. Penilaian jaringan parut dapat berupa penilaian obyektif dan subyektif dengan menggunakan Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai jaringan parut akibat pelepasan chest tube antara penjahitan metode konvensional dan knotless. Desain penelitian ialah controlled trial. Penilaian PSOAS baik dari pasien, observer, atau keduanya dilakukan tiga bulan kemudian terhadap jaringan parut yang terbentuk akibat penggunaan kedua metode. Perbandingan hasil skor PSOAS dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney yang mendapatkan nilai p<0,05. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pembentukan jaringan parut pada metode knotless lebih akseptabel bagi pasien dibandingkan metode konvensional. Hal ini dapat menjadi salah satu metode alternatif penutupan luka chest tube dengan hasil yang lebih dapat diterima.Kata kunci: chest tube; jaringan parut; metode knotless; metode konvensional