bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Larger lesion volume in people with multiple sclerosis is associated with increased transition energies between brain states and decreased entropy of brain activity
Authors: Tozlu Ceren , Card Sophie , Jamison Keith , Gauthier Susan A. , Kuceyeski Amy 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Quantifying the relationship between the brain’s functional activity patterns and its structural backbone is crucial when relating the severity of brain pathology to disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Network control theory (NCT) characterizes the brain’s energetic landscape using the structural connectome and patterns of brain activity over time. We applied NCT to investigate brain-state dynamics and energy landscapes in controls and people with MS (pwMS). We also computed entropy of brain activity and investigated its association with the dynamic landscape’s transition energy and lesion volume. Brain states were identified by clustering regional brain activity vectors, and NCT was applied to compute the energy required to transition between these brain states. We found that entropy was negatively correlated with lesion volume and transition energy, and that larger transition energies were associated with pwMS with disability. This work supports the notion that shifts in the pattern of brain activity in pwMS without disability results in decreased transition energies compared to controls, but, as this shift evolves over the disease, transition energies increase beyond controls and disability occurs. Our results provide the first evidence in pwMS that larger lesion volumes result in greater transition energy between brain states and decreased entropy of brain activity.
Thinking Beyond International Adjudication: Inspections as Instruments of Order Production in the International System
Authors: Methymaki Eleni 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article focuses on international inspections, a means of international supervision and monitoring widely used in international law. It argues that to understand how order is produced in and across the international system, it is important to think beyond international adjudication for three reasons. First, the success of international law-making exercises, such as the negotiation of new treaties, is often measured by whether a compromissory clause is included in the agreed text. Such analyses overlook the fact that negotiating parties may choose other mechanisms to ensure compliance with, and implementation of, international norms. Second, not only are inspections often employed in international treaties alongside dispute settlement clauses and other treaty enforcement mechanisms, but – depending on their design – they may also function similarly to dispute settlement processes. Third, and most importantly, that international adjudication is based on state consent is often presented as an important safeguard of sovereignty and sovereign equality. Less often highlighted is the fact that such sovereignty (and sovereign equality) may be unsettled through a multitude of other processes – international inspections being a prime example.
How Ought we Defend Aesthetic Education?
Authors: D’Olimpio Laura 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Defending aesthetic education is a vital task and the reasons we offer to justify the arts on the curriculum matter. I offer a philosophical argument for the necessity of aesthetic education for all school-aged students on the basis of its distinctive value, which is the aesthetic experiences the arts afford. It is aesthetic experience that is distinctive to the arts and a vital component in the flourishing life. As educators we have a duty to introduce our students to elements of a fulfilled and enjoyable life, which, I claim, includes the multiple and various arts and their associated aesthetic experiences.
Aesthetic Education is for Enrichment and Salvation of Life
Authors: Wang Li 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Education makes the individual to sense life in a richer way. The sensibility of beauty is educative. We need to distinguish the specialized art education and the general art education. The cultivation of aesthetic sensibility on beauty and nobility is the general art education. It could strengthen the mental power of the individual. It reminds us to keep hope for life and reminds us that life itself has meaning. It also saves us from the emptiness and darkness of life. It cultivates the wholeness of personality.
Life as Art: John Dewey’s Visit to China (1919–1921) and Its Relevance to China’s Art Education
Authors: Zhang Huajun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Based on historical reviews, John Dewey’s visit to China from 1919 to 1921 had little impact on China’s art education. However, a careful examination of the works of art scholars and educators in the 1920s and 1930s reveals a more complex picture of Dewey’s influence. In this study, I analyze the works of the influential art educators and scholars Jing Hengyi (经亨颐, 1877–1938), Lyu Cheng(吕瀓, 1896–1989), Bingxian (冰弦), and Liang Shuming (梁漱溟, 1893–1988). The results show that these scholars overcame the dualism of art and science, which was a prominent discourse in the New Culture Movement. They considered life growth as the goal of art education through the cultivation of a creative, inclusive personality that released the potential life energy. These scholars developed their ideas regarding aesthetics and art education based on their interpretation of some aspects of Dewey’s philosophy of education and came up with a Chinese version of Dewey’s theory of aesthetics even before the publication of his work Art as Experience in 1934. Their interpretation is consistent with Dewey’s ideas of aesthetic experience, and art education as the means of developing the potential of the individual. The goal of art education that these Chinese scholars proposed 100 hundred years ago remains valid today.
(Un)Tethering Indigeneity: The Colonized, Settlerized, Nationalized, and Something Else
Authors: Sargsyan Nelli 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The term indigenous has been used as a contextual reference to Armenians in relation to Asia Minor. In the ruins produced by the conjoined interests of various ruling classes and global capitalism, how does one come to understand (collective) Armenian indigeneity beyond an experience of ongoing loss? In this article, I propose divesting from exclusionary and abstracted nationalist articulations of indigeneity. I draw on a queer feminist reinterpretation of an Armenian fairy tale, as an opening for healing Armenian necrophilic indigeneity and orienting toward the preciousness of life.
Factors That Affect the Magnitude of Tibial Tubercle–Trochlear Groove Distance in Patients With Patellar Instability
Authors: Hevesi Mario , Dandu Navya , Credille Kevin , Wang Zachary , Zavras Athan G. , Cregar William M. , Trasolini Nicholas A. , Yanke Adam B. 
Published: November 2022

Background: Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is a risk factor for recurrent patellar dislocation and is often included in algorithmic treatment of instability. The underlying factors that determine TT-TG have yet to be clearly described in orthopaedic literature. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of our study was to determine the underlying anatomic factors contributing to TT-TG distance. We hypothesized that degree of tubercle lateralization and knee rotation angle may substantially predict TT-TG. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All patients evaluated for patellar instability at a single institution between 2013 and 2021 were included. Patients with previous knee osseous procedures were excluded. TT-TG and its anatomic relationship to patellofemoral measures, including dysplasia, femoral anteversion, tibial tubercle lateralization, knee rotation angle, and tibial torsion, were measured and subsequently quantified using univariate and multivariable analysis. Results: In total, 76 patients met the inclusion criteria (46 female, 30 male; mean ± SD age, 20.6 ± 8.6 years) and were evaluated. Mean TT-TG was 16.2 ± 5.4 mm. On univariate analysis, increasing knee rotation angle ( P < .01), tibial tubercle lateralization ( P = .02), and tibial torsion ( P = .01) were associated with increased TT-TG. In dysplastic cases, patients without medial hypoplasia (Dejour A or B) demonstrated significantly increased TT-TG (18.1 ± 5.4 mm) as compared with those with medial hypoplasia (Dejour C or D; TT-TG: 14.9 ± 5.2 mm; P = .02). Multivariable analysis revealed that increased knee rotation angle (+0.43-mm TT-TG per degree; P < .01) and tubercle lateralization (+0.19-mm TT-TG per percentage lateralization; P < .01) were statistically significant determinants of increased TT-TG distance. Upon accounting for these factors, tibial torsion, trochlear width, and medial hypoplasia were no longer significant components in predicting TT-TG ( P≥ .54). Of note, all patients with TT-TG ≥20 mm had tibial tubercle lateralization ≥68%, a knee rotation angle ≥5.8°, or both factors concurrently. Conclusion: TT-TG distance is most influenced by knee rotation angle and tibial tubercle lateralization.
School-Based Family-Oriented Health Interventions to Promote Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Santos Francisco , Sousa Honorato , Gouveia Élvio Rúbio , Lopes Helder , Peralta Miguel , Martins João , Murawska-Ciałowicz Eugenia , Żurek Grzegorz , Marques Adilson 
Published: November 2022

Objective This study aimed to systematically review and analyse intervention programs in a school context centred on the family, focused on increasing youths' physical activity. Data source The research was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Study inclusion criteria Studies were included if participants were children or adolescents, focusing on school-based intervention studies with parental involvement and physical activity, sedentary behaviour or physical fitness outcomes. Data extraction The search was performed according to the PRISMA protocol. A total of 416 articles were identified. After being considered for eligibility and duplicates, 22 studies were identified as relevant for inclusion. Data synthesis Sample and intervention characteristics, objective, the role of the family, outcomes measures, main findings regarding the outcomes and risk of bias. Results Ten studies reported improvements in physical activity, 6 in sedentary behaviour and 9 in the components of physical fitness and/or skills related to healthy behaviours and lifestyles. Most of the interventions adopted a multidisciplinary and multi-component approach. Conclusions Most interventions employed a school’s multidisciplinary/multi-component approach to promoting physical activity, nutrition, and general education for healthier lifestyle behaviours. The impact of school-based interventions involving families on youth’s physical activity levels is still a relatively emerging theme. Further research is needed given the diversity of the intervention’s characteristics and the disparity in the results’ efficacy.
Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of COVID-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis and assessment of anatomical severity
Authors: Kumar Ishan , Verma Ashish , Dangwal Jyoti , Singh Pramod Kumar , Chandra Shukla Ram , Chakravarty Jaya 
Published: November 2022

Objectives To describe the extent and imaging findings of COVID-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis on magnetic resonance imaging and to evaluate the value of MRI severity score in grading the extent of involvement. Methods Proven cases of ROCM with a history of concurrent or recently (<6 weeks) treated COVID-19 underwent MRI at the initial presentation. Findings were charted for each anatomical structure and the extent of involvement was scored for sinonasal, extra-sinus soft tissues, orbits, and brain. MR severity score was defined by summing up the individual scores of each compartment (sinonasal 20, orbital 20, soft tissue 10, and brain 10) and a total score out of 60 was assigned. Results A total of 47 patients were included in our study with variable involvement of sinonasal compartment ( n = 43), extra-sinus soft tissue ( n = 25), orbits ( n = 23), and brain ( n = 17). In the sinonasal compartment, T2, DWI, and post-contrast T1 were the most useful sequences. A significantly higher mean sinonasal score was associated with mortality ( p = 0.007). In the orbits, a combination of STIR (orbital fat and extraconal muscles), DWI (optic nerves), and post-contrast images (superior ophthalmic vein) were the most accurate sequences. A higher mean orbital score was associated with vision loss ( p = 0.001). Patients with uncontrolled diabetes had greater extent of cranial involvement. Conclusion A combination of magnetic resonance sequences is required to correctly evaluate the involvement of individual structures and thus to assign the correct MR scoring. The proposed MR severity score can effectively and objectively evaluate the severity of COVID-associated ROCM.
Epidemiology of Ankle Ligament Injuries in US High School Athletes
Authors: Swanson Bryan , Hewitt Michael A. , Buckley Sara E. , Collins Christy , Hunt Kenneth J. 
Published: November 2022

Category: Sports; Ankle; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Foot and ankle injuries account for a large percentage of the over one million injuries sustained by high school level athletes. To date, many studies have examined the epidemiology of lower extremity injuries and ankle sprains, but few studies have classified sprains into subtypes across multiple sports. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of ankle sprain subtypes across 9 common high school sports. Methods: Athlete exposure and injury specific data from 7 seasons (2014 to 2021) were collected using the internet-based High School Reporting Information Online (High School RIO), a national high school sports injury surveillance system, for athletes participating in 1 of 9 sports (boys' and girls' soccer, girls' volleyball, boys' and girls' basketball, boys' baseball, girls' softball, boys' football, boys' wrestling). Incidence and ligament involvement of foot and ankle injuries were examined, with incidence being calculated as 1 injury per 10,000 athlete exposures (AE). Results: Ankle ligament injuries accounted for 89.0% of the 7,321 foot and ankle injuries across the 9 sports (81-94%). Girls and boys' basketball had the highest incidence of sprains, 3.46 and 3.37 respectively. Ankle ligament injuries accounted for 35.9% of all lower extremity injuries in basketball players. 85.0% of the sprains were classified as lateral ligament, 4.0% medial ligament, 11.5% syndesmosis (8.6% partial and 2.9% complete syndesmosis injuries). Football had the highest percentage of syndesmosis injuries at 11.0%, and the highest incidence of both syndesmosis injuries (0.44) and medial ligament injuries (0.17). Surgical intervention was required in 4.3% of complete syndesmosis injuries and 0.7% of lateral ligament injuries. No differences were found in incidence of ankle ligament injuries comparing pre-COVID-19 seasons (2014-2020) to the 2020-2021 season. Conclusion: Ankle sprains account for a large percentage of foot and ankle injuries sustained by high school level athletes. Syndesmosis injuries occur more commonly in football and are 6 times more likely to require early surgical intervention compared to lateral ligament injuries. Identifying sports commonly involved in these injuries and classifying the sprains is the first step in implementing early identification, rehabilitation, and prevention programs. Future studies should examine the efficacy of injury prevention programs and rates of ankle sprains among high school level athletes.
Prevalence and factors associated with the use of long-acting reversible and permanent contraceptive methods among women who desire no more children in high fertility countries in sub-saharan Africa
Authors: Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi , Afaya Agani , Ajayi Kobi V. , Ojo Abimbola , Alawode Oluwatobi Abel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The proportion of women with family planning needs increased from 74 to 76% between 2000 and 2019, and this improvement has not transcended to a fertility rate stall or decrease in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In the face of a continuous increase in the fertility rate in SSA, population experts agreed that the efficient use of reliable family planning methods such as long-acting reversible and permanent contraceptive methods (LARC/PMs) could help reduce the high fertility rate and associated adverse reproductive health outcomes in the region. However, despite the effectiveness of LARC/PMs, its use remains elusive in SSA. Thus, this study examines the prevalence and factors associated with the use of LARC/PMs among women who desire no more children in high-fertility countries in SSA.

Methods
Secondary datasets from the demographic health surveys conducted in 20 countries in SSA between 2010 and 2019 were included in the study. A total sample size of 46,290 sexually active women of reproductive age who desire no more children and who met the study inclusion criteria was pooled and analysed. Prevalence of LARC/PMs use was displayed using a graph whilst binary logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors, and results were presented as unadjusted odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio with a statistical significance of p < 0.05.

Results
The prevalence of LARC/PMs use among women who desire no more children was 7.5%. Ranging from 20.9% in Senegal and as low as 0.4% in Congo. Women within the richest wealth index [aOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.03–1.36] and those exposed to mass media [aOR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.41–1.68] had higher odds of LARC/PMs use among sexually active women of reproductive age who desire no more children compared to those within poorest wealth index and women with no mass media exposure.

Conclusion
The study concluded that LARC/PMs use among sexually active women who desire no more children was very low, and women within the richest wealth index and those with mass media exposure were likely to use LARC/PMs. Interventions that will encourage using LARC/PMs should be prioritised to reduce fertility rates in SSA.
Lifestyle behaviors and mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among college students: a web-based study
Authors: Zhang Yi , Tao Shuman , Qu Yang , Mou Xingyue , Gan Hong , Zhou Panfeng , Zhu Zhuoyan , Wu Xiaoyan , Tao Fangbiao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
After emerging in China, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quickly spread to all parts of the country and became a global public health emergency. The Chinese government immediately took a series of protective and quarantine measures to prevent the spread of the virus, and these measures may have negative effects on behavior and psychological health. This study aimed to examine the associations between factors related to COVID-19 measures and mental health symptoms among Chinese college students in different pandemic areas.

Methods
An online survey was administered to 14,789 college students from February 4 to 12, 2020. After excluding the participants who did not complete the questionnaire, the quality of the questionnaire was checked. Finally, the sample included 11,787 college students from 16 cities and 21 universities in China. The areas included the city of Wuhan (Area 1), the neighboring province of Hubei (Area 2), first-tier cities (Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou [Area 3]), and other provinces (Area 4).

Results
The average age of the participants was 20.51 ± 1.88 years. One-third of the participants were men. In total, 25.9 and 17.8% reported depression and anxiety, respectively. We also explored COVID-19-related factors, such as infection risk, perceived resistance to COVID-19 (or susceptibility to COVID-19 infection), perceived physical symptoms, family or friends, direct or indirect contact with confirmed cases, and having sought psychological counseling, which were significantly associated with anxiety and depression symptoms. Higher screen time, lower physical activity, higher soda and tea beverages (also called sugar sweetened beverages intake), use of alternative medicines or food supplements (including Chinese herbal medicines and vitamins), and decreased meal frequency were all correlated with higher depression and anxiety symptoms (depression: χ2 = 25.57 and anxiety: χ2 = 39.42). Coping with COVID-19 partially mediated the associations between some related lifestyle behaviors, anxiety, and depression. The conditional process model analysis results supported our hypotheses that lifestyle health behaviors and coping style were both predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms, and their direct and indirect effects were moderated by sex.

Conclusions
Compared with the city of Wuhan, other epidemic areas had a lower risk of mental health problems. Lifestyle health behaviors and coping styles alleviated mental health symptoms. COVID-19-related social stressors were positively associated with mental health symptoms.
SARS-CoV-2 accessory protein 7b forms homotetramers in detergent
Authors: Surya Wahyu , Queralt-Martin Maria , Mu Yuguang , Aguilella Vicente M. , Torres Jaume 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA global pandemic is underway caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like its predecessor SARS-CoV, contains open reading frames that encode accessory proteins involved in virus-host interactions active during infection and which likely contribute to pathogenesis. One of these accessory proteins is 7b, with only 44 (SARS-CoV) and 43 (SARS-CoV-2) residues. It has one predicted transmembrane domain fully conserved, which suggests a functional role, whereas most variability is contained in the predicted cytoplasmic C-terminus. In SARS-CoV, 7b protein is expressed in infected cells, and the transmembrane domain was necessary and sufficient for Golgi localization. Also, anti-p7b antibodies have been found in the sera of SARS-CoV convalescent patients. In the present study, we have investigated the hypothesis that SARS-2 7b protein forms oligomers with ion channel activity. We show that in both SARS viruses 7b is almost completely α-helical and has a single transmembrane domain. In SDS, 7b forms various oligomers, from monomers to tetramers, but only monomers when exposed to reductants. Combination of SDS gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) in both equilibrium and velocity modes suggests a dimer-tetramer equilibrium, but a monomer–dimer–tetramer equilibrium in the presence of reductant. This data suggests that although disulfide-linked dimers may be present, they are not essential to form tetramers. Inclusion of pentamers or higher oligomers in the SARS-2 7b model were detrimental to fit quality. Preliminary models of this association was generated with AlphaFold2, and two alternative models were exposed to a molecular dynamics simulation in presence of a model lipid membrane. However, neither of the two models provided any evident pathway for ions. To confirm this, SARS-2 p7b was studied using Planar Bilayer Electrophysiology. Addition of p7b to model membranes produced occasional membrane permeabilization, but this was not consistent with bona fide ion channels made of a tetrameric assembly of α-helices.