bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid assessments of Pacific Ocean net coral reef carbonate budgets and net calcification following the 2014–2017 global coral bleaching event
Authors: Courtney Travis A. , Barkley Hannah C. , Chan Stephen , Couch Courtney S. , Kindinger Tye L. , Oliver Thomas A. , Kriegman David J. , Andersson Andreas J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe 2014–2017 global coral bleaching event caused widespread coral mortality; however, its impact on the capacity for coral reefs to maintain calcium carbonate structures has not been determined. Here, we quantified remotely sensed maximum heat stress during the 2014–2017 bleaching event, census‐based net carbonate budgets from benthic imagery and fish survey data, and net reef calcification from salinity normalized seawater total alkalinity anomalies collected from 2017–2019 for 56 Pacific coral reef sites (Mariana Islands, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Pacific Remote Island Areas, and American Samoa). We incorporated the census‐based and chemistry‐based metrics to determine a calcification vulnerability index for each site to maintain calcium carbonate balance to provide accessible information to managers and policy makers. Most coral reef sites likely experienced ecologically severe (79%, n = 44) or significant (9%, n = 7) heat stress during the 2014–2017 coral bleaching event. Census‐based net carbonate budgets (mean ± 95% = 2.1 ± 0.6 kg CaCO3 m−2 yr−1) were positive for 77% of sites (n = 43), neutral for 16% of sites (n = 9), and negative for 7% of sites (n = 4). Chemistry‐based relative net reef calcification (mean ± 95% = 22 ± 10 μmol kg−1) was positive for 84% of sites (n = 47), neutral for 11% of sites (n = 6), and negative for 5% of sites (n = 3). The calcification vulnerability index suggested the Pacific Ocean reef sites surveyed were of minimal (68%, n = 38) to moderate (32%, n = 18) concern for maintaining calcium carbonate balance following the bleaching event. This suggests that many reefs maintained positive calcium carbonate balance, but that a large number of reefs may be approaching a potential threshold for maintaining their calcium carbonate balance under the climate crisis.
Shift‐channel attention and weighted‐region loss function for liver and dense tumor segmentation
Authors: Li Jiajian , Huang Guoheng , He Junlin , Chen Ziyang , Pun Chi‐Man , Yu Zhiwen , Ling Wing‐Kuen , Liu Lizhi , Zhou Jian , Huang Jinhua 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPurposeTo assist physicians in the diagnosis and treatment planning of tumor, a robust and automatic liver and tumor segmentation method is highly demanded in the clinical practice. Recently, numerous researchers have improved the segmentation accuracy of liver and tumor by introducing multiscale contextual information and attention mechanism. However, this tends to introduce more training parameters and suffer from a heavier computational burden. In addition, the tumor has various sizes, shapes, locations, and numbers, which is the main reason for the poor accuracy of automatic segmentation. Although current loss functions can improve the learning ability of the model for hard samples to a certain extent, these loss functions are difficult to optimize the segmentation effect of small tumor regions when the large tumor regions in the sample are in the majority.MethodsWe propose a Liver and Tumor Segmentation Network (LiTS‐Net) framework. First, the Shift‐Channel Attention Module (S‐CAM) is designed to model the feature interdependencies in adjacent channels and does not require additional training parameters. Second, the Weighted‐Region (WR) loss function is proposed to emphasize the weight of small tumors in dense tumor regions and reduce the weight of easily segmented samples. Moreover, the Multiple 3D Inception Encoder Units (MEU) is adopted to capture the multiscale contextual information for better segmentation of liver and tumor.ResultsEfficacy of the LiTS‐Net is demonstrated through the public dataset of MICCAI 2017 Liver Tumor Segmentation (LiTS) challenge, with Dice per case of 96.9 and 75.1, respectively. For the 3D Image Reconstruction for Comparison of Algorithm and DataBase (3Dircadb), Dices are 96.47 for the liver and 74.54 for tumor segmentation. The proposed LiTS‐Net outperforms existing state‐of‐the‐art networks.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the effectiveness of LiTS‐Net and its core components for liver and tumor segmentation. The S‐CAM is designed to model the feature interdependencies in the adjacent channels, which is characterized by no need to add additional training parameters. Meanwhile, we conduct an in‐depth study of the feature shift proportion of adjacent channels to determine the optimal shift proportion. In addition, the WR loss function can implicitly learn the weights among regions without the need to manually specify the weights. In dense tumor segmentation tasks, WR aims to enhance the weights of small tumor regions and alleviate the problem that small tumor segmentation is difficult to optimize further when large tumor regions occupy the majority. Last but not least, our proposed method outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art methods on both the LiTS dataset and the 3Dircadb dataset.
Interindividual variability of human thermoregulation: Toward personalized ergonomics of the indoor thermal environment
Authors: Khovalyg Dolaana , Ravussin Yann 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe study was undertaken to show the magnitude of interindividual differences in energy expenditure (i.e., heat production) under normal living conditions with the aim of providing physiological evidence to support the advancement of a personalized thermal conditioning approach.MethodsThree sets of experimental protocols with six participants were conducted at neutral and mild cold temperatures. Energy expenditure, local skin temperatures, and core body temperature were measured continuously, while cognitive performance and thermal sensation were surveyed intermittently. The protocols were designed to study the effects of several normal day activities, low‐level physical activity and eating a meal, on metabolic and physiological parameters.ResultsLarge interindividual differences among the subjects were demonstrated using non‐normalized data by design. The resting metabolic rate difference was 58%, the percentage change in energy expenditure during standing compared to sitting was up to 31%, and the difference in mechanical work efficiency between the least and the most efficient individual was 39.1%. Energy expenditure increase due to the meal effect was 11.2% to 23.3% at neutral and 9.9% to 33.9% at mild cold temperatures across individuals.ConclusionsLarge interindividual differences in metabolic rate under typical everyday living and office activities suggest facilitating personalized thermal conditioning instead of providing uniform temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to find noninvasive markers that can be easily measured and used as surrogates for human heat production to individualize the climate control of buildings.
Eco‐friendly UV‐curable polyurethane‐silica superhydrophobic coating with superb mechanical durability
Authors: Gharieh Ali , Pourghasem Mohammadreza 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHerein, a facile, scalable, and cost‐effective method was used to fabricate eco‐friendly superhydrophobic UV‐curable polyurethane‐silica nanocomposite coating with promising physicomechanical properties. Fluorinated UV‐curable polyurethane dispersion was synthesized and used as the binder of the superhydrophobic coating along with hydrophobically modified silica nanoparticles as textured topography. The chemical structures of the employed silica nanoparticles, prepared UV‐curable polymer, and superhydrophobic coating were thoroughly studied by FTIR analysis. It has been revealed that the prepared SH coating possesses well‐defined micro/nano‐scale roughness, high contact angle (159°), and low sliding angle (1.5°), which can be applied onto various substrates. Also, the exceptional durability of the fabricated coating against sandpaper abrasion (over 80 m) without losing its superhydrophobicity revealed the high capability of the prepared waterborne coating to be used in harsh practical applications. Additionally, due to the highly cross‐linked structure of the prepared SH coating, the applied coating could maintain its integrity even after 30 days of immersion in different organic solvents. Moreover, the prepared coatings showed substantial potential for use in self‐cleaning and oil/water separation fields (> 98% efficiency after 15 cycles of oil/water separations). We are convinced that the prepared hybrid coating could offer a practical approach for fabricating of superhydrophobic materials as promising nominates for disparate fields.
Constructing nano SiO2‐anchored hyperbranched polymer hybrid architectures for thermosetting epoxy systems with outstanding mechanical property
Authors: Wang Tingting , Yuan Li , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA hybrid architecture system was developed via in situ formation of SiO2 nanoparticles in the cavities of COOH‐terminated hyperbranched aromatic polyester (CHBPE). Results show that SiO2 nanoparticles can be successfully anchored in the cavities of CHBPE owing to the hyperbranched structure of CHBPE. The resulting CHBPE‐SiO2 system is applied to epoxy (EP) resins using 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) as curing agent. Because –COOH groups in CHBPE‐SiO2 system can react with epoxy groups, the conversion of epoxy groups in EP/CHBPE‐SiO2 systems can be improved, and the strong interface interaction between EP matrix and CHBPE‐SiO2 can be realized. The resulting EP/CHBPE‐SiO2 composites have excellent mechanical property. When the contents of CHBPE‐SiO2 are 8%–20%, the impact strengths, the flexural strengths and the tensile strengths of EP/CHBPE‐SiO2 composites can reach 24–46 kJ/m2, 121–165 MPa and 57–71 MPa, respectively, which are 16.1–31.9‐fold, 4.0–5.9‐fold and 8.9–11.3‐fold higher than those of pure EP, respectively. EP/16%CHBPE‐SiO2 composites have the optimal comprehensive mechanical property. The initial thermal decomposition temperature at 5 wt% weight loss (Tdi) and glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of EP composites can increase by 70–84°C and 30–43°C, respectively, after introducing 8%–20% CHBPE‐SiO2. Moreover, the dielectric constants of EP composites with 8%–20% CHBPE‐SiO2 decrease by 3%–11% as compared to pure EP. The high dispersion of SiO2 in EP/CHBPE‐SiO2 composite and the strong interface interaction between EP matrix and CHBPE‐SiO2 can contribute to the outstanding comprehensive property of EP/CHBPE‐SiO2 composite.
Aircraft observations and reanalysis depictions of trends in the North Atlantic winter jet stream wind speeds and turbulence
Authors: Tenenbaum Joel , Williams Paul D. , Turp Debi , Buchanan Piers , Coulson Robert , Gill Philip G. , Lunnon Robert W. , Oztunali Marguerite G. , Rankin John , Rukhovets Leonid 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMultiple studies have considered whether increased anthropogenic CO2 will affect the wind speeds and turbulence associated with the winter North Atlantic polar‐front jet stream in the upper atmosphere. Key questions are whether any effects can already be seen and, if so, can they be seen independent of computer models of the atmosphere. In this study we use two reanalyses, NCEP/NCAR and the ECMWF ERA5, and two large observational archives, AMDAR/ACARS and the Global Aircraft Data Set (GADS), to try to answer these questions for the period 2002–2020 when automated aircraft observations were plentiful over the North Atlantic. We focus on eastbound, New York to London, flights. No significant increase appears in reanalyses during the last roughly 40 years (1979–2020) which is our best estimate for the modern satellite era. In contrast, for the last roughly 20 years (2002–2020) both the ERA5 reanalysis (2.5% per year) and the GADS archive (1.2% to 1.4% per year) show a statistically significant rise in the wind speed in the North Atlantic jet streak exit region. These results must be considered in the context of atmospheric oscillations, changes to the North Atlantic Track System (NATS), and the effects of aircraft step climbs. We estimate that up to 0.5% of the rise may be due to improvements in the NATS operations and an unknown additional amount may be due to the substantial increase in automated aircraft observations starting in 1997. We also examine the impact of aircraft observations on one's confidence in drawing conclusions from secular changes in the reanalyses. For turbulence, the Light turbulence trends are not statistically significant. Our confidence in the turbulence results is more limited since these observations reflect medium‐term changes in tactical and strategic aircraft operational procedures as well as the underlying prevalence of turbulence.
Surgical management of subependymoma in a cat
Authors: Sakamoto Karin , Chambers James K. , Fujimoto Jumpei , Maeda Sadatoshi , Kamishina Hiroaki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA 10‐year‐old, domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 7‐month history of anorexia and 2‐month history of severe obtundation. Neurological examination revealed proprioceptive ataxia and decreased postural reactions in the four limbs. On magnetic resonance imaging, a contrast‐enhanced mass lesion dorsal to the obex region was found, causing cerebellar and brainstem compression. The mass was aspirated by an ultrasonic aspirator and complete removal was achieved. After surgery, the mental status and appetite of the cat was markedly improved. On histopathological examination, the mass was diagnosed as subependymoma. The cat was neurologically normal, and no recurrence was observed on magnetic resonance imaging 3 months postoperatively. There was no evidence of clinical recurrence at 8 month postoperative follow‐up by telephone interview. This is the first description of surgical management of subependymoma in a cat. Subependymoma is a benign tumour in cats, and the prognosis is expected to be good after surgical management as reported in humans.
Compressive hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion in a dog
Authors: Kornmayer Matthias , Fiedler Sonja , Rosati Marco , Meyer‐Lindenberg Andrea 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old female neutered Maltese Bichon Frise was presented to a small animal hospital for assessment of acute paraplegia. Diagnostic imaging including plain spinal radiographs and CT angiography was neither suggestive of an intervertebral disc extrusion nor any other abnormalities could be detected. The dog was referred to the emergency service of a specialty hospital for an MRI scan. The MRI showed features of a hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion (HNPE) at L2‐3. Subsequent hemilaminectomy identified a mixture of white gelatinous and partly firm material. Cytology and histology were consistent with a partially degenerated nucleus pulposus. Compressive HNPE of the lumbar spine was diagnosed. The dog was discharged 5 days postoperatively. At the last follow‐up conducted by phone interview (2 months postoperatively), the owner reported normal ambulation without any signs of neurologic deficits.
Field redefinitions, perturbative unitarity and Higgs inflation
Authors: Karananas Georgios K. , Shaposhnikov Mikhail , Zell Sebastian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
For inflation driven by the Higgs field coupled non-minimally to gravity, we study the cutoff energy scale above which perturbation theory breaks down. Employing the metric formulation, we first give an overview of known results and then provide a new way to calculate a lower bound on the cutoff. Our approach neither relies on a gauge choice nor does it require any calculation of amplitudes. Instead, it exploits the fact that the S-matrix is invariant under field redefinitions. In agreement with previous findings, we demonstrate that the cutoff is significantly higher during inflation than in vacuum, which ensures the robustness of semi-classical predictions. Along the way, we generalize our findings to the Palatini formulation and comment on a useful parametrization of the Higgs doublet in both scenarios.
Estimating poverty for refugees in data-scarce contexts: an application of cross-survey imputation
Authors: Dang Hai-Anh H. , Verme Paolo 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The increasing growth of forced displacement worldwide has brought more attention to measuring poverty among refugee populations. However, refugee data remain scarce, particularly regarding income or consumption. We offer a first attempt to measure poverty among refugees using cross-survey imputation and administrative and survey data collected by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Employing a small number of predictors currently available in the UNHCR registration system, the proposed methodology offers out-of-sample predicted poverty rates that are not statistically different from actual poverty rates. These estimates are robust to different poverty lines, perform well according to targeting indicators, and are more accurate than those based on asset indexes or proxy means tests. They can also be obtained with relatively small samples. We additionally show that it is feasible to provide poverty estimates for one geographical region based on existing data from another similar region.
Predictive assays for craniofacial malformations: evaluation in Xenopus laevis embryos exposed to triadimefon
Authors: Battistoni Maria , Metruccio Francesca , Di Renzo Francesca , Bacchetta Renato , Menegola Elena 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCraniofacial defects are one of the most frequent abnormalities at birth, but their experimental evaluation in animal models requires complex procedures. The aim of the present work is the comparison of different methodologies to identify dose- and stage-related craniofacial malformations in Xenopuslaevis assay (R-FETAX, where the full cartilage evaluation, including flat mount technique, is the gold standard for skeletal defect detection). Different methods (external morphological evaluation of fresh samples, deglutition test, whole mount cartilage evaluation and Meckel–palatoquadrate angle measurements) were applied. Triadimefon (FON) was selected as the causative molecule as it is known to induce craniofacial defects in different animal models, including the amphibian X.laevis.FON exposure (0–31.25 μM) was scheduled to cover the whole 6-day test (from gastrula to free swimming tadpole stage) or each crucial developmental phases: gastrula, neurula, early morphogenesis, late morphogenesis, tadpole. Dose-dependent effects (fusions among craniofacial cartilages) were evident for groups exposed during the morphogenetic periods (neurula, early morphogenesis, late morphogenesis); gastrula was insensitive to the tested concentrations, tadpole group showed malformations only at 31.25 μM. The overall NOAEL was set at 3.9 μM. Results were evaluated applying benchmark dose (BMD) approach. The comparison of relative potencies from different methods showed deglutition as the only assay comparable with the gold standard (cartilage full evaluation).In conclusion, we suggest deglutition test as a reliable method for a rapid screening of craniofacial abnormalities in the alternative model X.laevis. This is a rapid, inexpensive and vital test allowing to preserve samples for the application of further morphological or molecular investigations.
Parasite–copepod interactions in Svalbard: diversity, host specificity, and seasonal patterns
Authors: Cleary Alison C. , Callesen Trine A. , Berge Jørgen , Gabrielsen Tove M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCopepods of the genera Calanus and Pseudocalanus are important components of Arctic marine ecosystems. Despite the key roles of these zooplankters, little is known about the organisms they interact with most intimately, their parasites and symbionts. We applied metabarcode sequencing to uncover eukaryotic parasites present within these two copepod genera from three areas around the high Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. Ten distinct parasite groups were observed: four different Apostome ciliates, four different dinoflagellates (Chytriodinium sp., Ellobiopsis sp., Thalassomyces sp., and Hematodinium sp.), a Paradinium sp., and a trematode. Apostome ciliates closely related to Pseudocollinia spp. were the most commonly observed parasite, with overall infection rates of 21.5% in Calanus and 12.5% in Pseudocalanus. Infection by these ciliates varied seasonally, with no infections observed in early winter, but infection rates exceeding 75% in spring. Host specificity varied between parasites, with significant differences in infection rate between the two host copepod genera for four parasites (two ciliates, Chytriodinium, and a trematode). The diverse assemblage of parasites observed in these copepods, and the frequency of infection, with over one in five copepod individuals infected, suggest parasites may be playing a greater role in Arctic plankton communities than generally acknowledged.
Impact of fish consumption on all-cause mortality in older people with and without dementia: a community-based cohort study
Authors: Bakre Aishat T. , Chen Anthony , Tao Xuguang , Hou Jian , Yao Yuyou , Nevill Alain , Tang James J. , Rohrmann Sabine , Ni Jindong , Hu Zhi , Copeland John , Chen Ruoling 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Increased fish consumption reduces the risk of dementia. However, it is unknown whether fish consumption reduced all-cause mortality in people with dementia. The purpose of the study is to investigate the association of fish consumption with all-cause mortality in older people with dementia versus those without dementia.

Methods
Using a standard method of the Geriatric Mental State, we interviewed 4165 participants aged ≥ 60 years who were randomly recruited from five provinces in China during 2007–2009 to collect the baseline data of socio-demography, disease risk factors, histories of disease, and details of dietary intakes, and diagnosed dementia (n = 406). They were followed up for vital status until 2012.

Results
The cohort follow-up documented 329 deaths; 61 were in participants with dementia (55.3 per 1000 person-years) and 224 were those without dementia (22.3). In all participants, the risk of all-cause mortality was reduced with fish intake at “ ≥ twice a week” (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.34–0.96) and at “once a week or less” (0.79, 0.53–1.18) compared to “never eat” over the past two years. In participants without baseline dementia, the corresponding HRs for all-cause mortality were 0.57 (0.33–0.98) and 0.85 (0.55–1.31), while in participants with dementia were 1.36 (0.28–6.60) and 1.05 (0.30–3.66), respectively.

Conclusion
This study reveals that consumption of fish in older age reduced all-cause mortality in older people without dementia, but not in people with dementia. Fish intake should be increased in older people in general, prior to the development of dementia in the hope of preventing dementia and prolonging life.