bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering Lost Opportunities for Diverse Representation
Authors: Nguyen Josef 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article considers the cultural politics of frustrated potential for diverse representation in games by examining developer comments on the 1995 digital game I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream, adapted from Harlan Ellison’s 1967 science fiction story of the same name. While Ellison’s story featured a gay man named Benny among the protagonists, the game developers adapted Benny without his original sexual identity. In a 2012 Game Informer magazine article, however, the developers reflected on their version of Benny as a “lost opportunity” for exploring gay identity. Rooted in discussion of this frustrated potential for a gay in-game Benny, this article interrogates a logic of lost opportunity for diverse representation present in game-development discourse, which manifests in a longing for more diverse characters that could have been but never came to be. This logic suggests particular ways that developers might conceive of diverse representation as simply a design issue under neoliberal logics of economic opportunity, commercial risk, and fetishized innovation—without meaningful consideration of political significance. Opposing this instrumentalization of frustrated diverse representation, this article draws on queer game studies and speculative design and literature to explore the possible contours and implications of diverse characters that never were more seriously than such comments typically do. Doing so demands more than romanticized longings for lost opportunities for diverse representation that treat this longing as the end in itself.
Type-Itemized Enumeration of Five Types of Stereoisograms and Their Simplified Diagrams for Characterizing Cubane Derivatives
Authors: Fujita Shinsaku 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
For discussing stereochemistry of cubane derivatives, the concept of stereoisograms controlled by the RS-stereoisomeric group $\boldsymbol{{O}}_{\boldsymbol{{h}}\tilde{\boldsymbol{{\sigma}}}\skew2\hat{\boldsymbol{{I}}}}$ (order 98) is formulated by the extension of the point group Oh (order 48). The vertical directions of a stereoisogram are concerned with chirality as the first kind of handedness, which is controlled by rotations and reflections of Oh. The horizontal directions of a stereoisogram are concerned with RS-stereogenicity as the second kind of handedness, which is controlled by an RS-stereogenic group $\boldsymbol{{O}}_{{\tilde{\boldsymbol{{\sigma}}}}}$ (order 48). The diagonal directions of a stereoisogram are concerned with sclerality/asclerality, which is controlled by an LR-permutation group $\boldsymbol{{O}}_{{\skew2\hat{\boldsymbol{{I}}}}}$ (order 48). These groups are characterized by combined-permutation representations (CPRs), which are used to calculate respective cycle indices with chirality fittingness (CI-CFs) for enumeration under the GAP system. Enumerations are conducted under O, Oh, $\boldsymbol{{O}}_{{\tilde{\boldsymbol{{\sigma}}}}}$, $\boldsymbol{{O}}_{{\skew2\hat{\boldsymbol{{I}}}}}$, and $\boldsymbol{{O}}_{\boldsymbol{{h}}\tilde{\boldsymbol{{\sigma}}}\skew2\hat{\boldsymbol{{I}}}}$. Then, the enumeration results are discussed in terms of simplified diagrams. It has been proven that there are two main categories for characterizing the appearance of five types of stereoisograms. The first category is an ascleral case which is characterized by the presence of type-I and type-IV stereoisograms. In contrast, the second category is a scleral case which is characterized by the presence of type-II, type-III, and type V stereoisograms. There also exist minor cases in which the coexistence of the first and second categories is observed.
Synthesis of an Organometallic Alkyl-Co(III) Complex with Amidoquinoline Directing Groups via C(sp3)–H Activation and Its UV–vis/NMR Spectroscopic, Crystallographic, DFT, and Electrochemical Studies
Authors: Tahara Keishiro , Takezaki Shun , Ozawa Yoshiki , Abe Masaaki 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The use of earth-abundant and inexpensive Co catalysts for carbon-hydrogen (C–H) bond activation has received increasing attention because of the advantages including air stability. Although directing groups have been effectively introduced in substrates to promote C(sp3)–H activation through chelation assistance, there is a lack of basic information about the isolated alkyl-Co complexes containing directing groups as polydentate ligands. In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of an alkyl-Co(III) complex 2Co, prepared from a N,N′-bis(8-quinolyl)malonamide derivative, the malonyl fragment of which was disubstituted by two ethyl groups. 2Co was straightforwardly obtained from a Co(II) salt without any use of chemical oxidants but in the presence of air, through selective β-C(sp3)–H activation. The combined NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystal structural analyses revealed that the malonamide substrate was converted into a pentadentate ligand with an N4C set, acquiring a helical configuration around the Co(III) center. The non-innocent ligand properties of 2Co were unambiguously confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopic, electrochemical, and DFT studies. Thermolysis of 2Co enabled C(sp3)–N reductive elimination in the absence of chemical oxidants. The present study provides important insights into the reactivity of alkyl-Co(III) complexes with a defined coordination geometry around the Co center toward designing elaborate C(sp3)–H functionalization systems.
Intracrystalline Kinetics Analyzed by Real-Time Monitoring of a 1,2-Dioxetane Chemiluminescence Reaction in a Single Crystal
Authors: Matsuhashi Chihiro , Fujisawa Hiroki , Ryu Meguya , Tsujii Tetsuya , Morikawa Junko , Oyama Hironaga , Uekusa Hidehiro , Maki Shojiro , Hirano Takashi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Adamantylideneadamantane 1,2-dioxetane (Adox), one of the most stable 1,2-dioxetanes, was used to investigate the kinetic properties of its chemiluminescent thermolytic reaction in the crystalline state by monitoring chemiluminescence (CL) in real time. Soon after heating of single crystals at 140 °C, it was found that the thermolytic reactions of Adox in the crystals proceeded with zero-order kinetics for several minutes. During the period showing the zero-order kinetics, CL intensities were dependent on the volumes of crystals, and the inside crystals were maintained in a thermal steady state with a constant thermal diffusivity. After this period, the heated crystals of Adox started to break showing different kinetics. This study indicates that a crystalline-state CL reaction is useful to track its progress in real time for analyzing the kinetics.
Optimization of contrast material administration for coronary CT angiography using a software-based test-bolus evaluation algorithm
Authors: Fischer Andreas M , Decker Josua A. , Schoepf Joseph , Varga-Szemes Akos , Flohr Thomas , Schmidt Bernhard , Gutjahr Ralf , Sahbaee Pooyan , Giovagnoli Dante A , Emrich Tilman , Martinez John D , Lari Kia B , Bayer Robert R , Martin Simon S 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the benefit of a prototype circulation time-based test bolus evaluation algorithm for the individualized optimal timing of contrast media (CM) delivery in patients undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA). Methods: Thirty-two patients (62 ± 16 years) underwent CCTA using a prototype bolus evaluation tool to determine the optimal time-delay for CM administration. Contrast attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), objective, and subjective image quality were evaluated by two independent radiologists. Results were compared to a control cohort (matched for age, sex, body mass index, and tube voltage) of patients who underwent CCTA using the generic test bolus peak attenuation +4 s protocol as scan delay. Results: In the study group, the mean time delay to CCTA acquisition was significantly longer (26.0 ± 2.9 s) compared to the control group (23.1 ± 3.5 s; p < 0.01). In the study group, SNR improvement was seen in the right coronary artery (17.5 vs 13; p = 0.028), the left main (15.3 vs 12.3; p = 0.027), and the left anterior descending artery (18.5 vs 14.1; p = 0.048). Subjective image quality was rated higher in the study group (4.75 ± 0.7 vs 3.64 ± 0.5; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The prototype test bolus evaluation algorithm provided a reliable patient-specific scan delay for CCTA that ensured homogenous vascular attenuation, improvement in objective and subjective image quality, and avoidance of beam hardening artifacts. Advances in knowledge: The prototype contrast bolus evaluation and optimization tool estimated circulation time-based time-delay improves the overall quality of CCTA.
The impact of brain atrophy on the outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Monteiro Andre , Waqas Muhammad , Rai Hamid H. , Baig Ammad A. , Dossani Rimal H. , Cappuzzo Justin M. , Levy Elad I. , Siddiqui Adnan H. 
Published: January 2022

Objective:
Pre-existing brain atrophy may affect the outcomes of patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for large-vessel-occlusion because it is an indicator of low brain reserve. We performed a systematic literature review to assess the impact of brain atrophy on MT-related clinical outcomes.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to March 2021 using keywords with Boolean operators(“brain atrophy”; “atrophy”; “white matter”; and “thrombectomy”). Articles published in English that evaluated the impact of pre-existing brain atrophy on outcomes of MT-treated acute ischemic stroke were eligible for inclusion.

Results:
Four articles were included. Brain atrophy index was a predictor of mortality (odds ratio [OR]:1.81–1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.16–2.93) after adjustments for age and white matter lesions. Global cortical atrophy scale was an independent predictor of futile recanalization (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.08–1.22) in multivariate-adjusted logistic regression. Automated measurement of CSF identified increasing volumes associated with reduced 3-month functional independence and higher modified Rankin scale scores. STandards for ReportIng Vascular changes on Neuroimaging criteria for brain atrophy were associated with unfavorable outcome in ordinal-shift analysis (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.25–5.91).

Conclusions:
The few studies available highlight heterogeneity of neuroimaging methodologies for assessing brain atrophy and difficulty addressing the multiple confounders involved in clinical outcomes. More consistent, accurate investigation is needed before proposing brain atrophy as a possible parameter to improve patient selection for MT.

Advances in knowledge:
Brain atrophy is associated with many of the clinical confounders frequently present in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Heterogeneity in classification methodologies for brain atrophy and complexity analyzing multiple clinical confounders make it difficult to assess the true impact of this radiological finding on MT-related outcomes.
Patterns of microphytoplankton biomass and diversity in the southern Alboran Sea
Authors: IDMOUSSI HAJAR , SOMOUE LAILA , PETERS FRANCESC , DEMARCQ HERVÉ , LAABIR MOHAMED , ESTRADA MARTA , ARIN LAURA , MAKAOUI AHMED , ETTAHIRI OMAR , BAIBAI TARIK , CHARIB SAID , HILMI KARIM , ERRHIF AHMED 
Published: January 2022

The southern Alboran Sea is a highly dynamic region in the Mediterranean. However, there is few data on microphytoplankton which is, an important component of the marine ecosystem. We therefore collected microphytoplankton samples and related the biomass and diversity patterns to ambient variability, considering cross-shore and longitudinal gradients. There was a general eastward decrease in both species richness and biomass, with Cape Three Forks as a transitional point. Diversity increased in coastal areas and decreased with depth. High chlorophyll-a concentrations corresponded to low temperature and low-salinity waters, indicating the Atlantic origin. Microphytoplankton biomass was low in comparison with total chlorophyll, suggesting a dominance of nano- and picophytoplankton. Biomass values increased in the stretch between Cape Three Forks and Al Hoceima Bay, an area highly influenced by upwelled water originating from the northern Alboran Sea. We suggest that the Western Alboran Gyre enhances the development of dinoflagellates while local upwelling enhances the development of diatoms. A statistical relationship was found between microphytoplankton biomass and diversity, especially when diversity was estimated as species richness. These results are crucial for understanding microphytoplankton dynamics and trends in an area that is undergoing climate-derived changes and biodiversity losses.
Working Paper 10: Accountability for better healthcare provision
Authors: Baez Camargo Claudia 
Published: January 2022

Strengthening accountability in public service provision is increasingly recognized as a precondition to improve the performance of the health sector in low-income countries. However, progress in this field has been hampered to a great extent because of empirical difficulties in measuring and assessing accountability.
This article provides a clear operational definition of the concept and discusses how and why accountability in public health service provision presents distinct challenges to the institutional capabilities of most developing countries. On the basis of both elements a set of guidelines to empirically assess accountability in health services is offered.
Working Paper 12: Basel Art Trade Guidelines
Authors: Christ Thomas , Von Selle Claudia 
Published: January 2022

The art trade market is global, highly fragmented and complex, involving a great variety of operators. In light of this complexity, the current level of regulation and existing compliance efforts by individual operators has proven to be insufficient. With some competitors engaged in unethical or illegal behaviour, operating profitably while acting with integrity and ethics is increasingly difficult.
As other industry sectors (e.g. the financial sector when faced with the challenge of effectively combating money laundering) have experienced, Collective Action by key market participants can be a highly effective way to systematically and comprehensively address such business practices and to ensure fair and efficient competition in a global market.
Working Paper 14: Using money laundering investigations to fight corruption in developing countries
Authors: Gomes Pereira Pedro , Fontana Alessandra 
Published: January 2022

Anti-money laundering systems have the potential to curb the use of proceeds of corruption and other crimes by the perpetrators. An effectively implemented anti-money laundering framework limits the channels through which illicit funds can be laundered, making crime riskier and reducing the incentives for corrupt activities.
However, those who stand to benefit from corruption have strong incentives to block anti-money laundering programmes. In addition, these programmes face significant obstacles to effectiveness in most developing countries. Relevant institutions do not trust each other sufficiently to share information necessary for investigations. Counties lack qualified staff and necessary resources, and slow bureaucratic procedures are unable to keep up with the speed of financial transactions.
This paper explores these and other domestic obstacles and suggests strategies to overcome them, based on an analysis of the situations in Albania and Tanzania.
Working Paper 23: New perspectives in e-government and the prevention of corruption
Authors: Aiolfi Gemma 
Published: January 2022

Does e-government have an impact in reducing corruption? Do e-government solutions sufficiently take private sector perspectives into account to maximise its potential for addressing corruption risks?
This paper addresses these and additional questions about the dynamic between governments and the private sector with respect to harnessing e-governance tools for corruption prevention. It is written primarily from a private sector perspective and for private sector actors who are interested in a more comprehensive understanding of the scope and examples of e-government solutions to improve their anti-corruption policies, but concludes with numerous recommendations for the private sector and governments alike.
Working Paper 28: Regulating cryptocurrencies: challenges and considerations
Authors: Paesano Federico 
Published: January 2022

Cryptocurrency regulations are developing fast. Across the world, authorities are reacting to the emerging threat posed by criminals using new payment methods to conceal and launder the proceeds of their crimes.
However, as the application of anti-money laundering/combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) due diligence requirements becomes stricter and more entities implement preventative measures, criminals are constantly looking elsewhere for potential havens for their illicit activities.
This Working Paper offers an insight into some potential consequences of changes in AML/CFT legislation in relation to cryptocurrency exchange services and virtual assets.
Prevalence of cancer as a comorbid in COVID-19 patients and their characteristics: a meta-analysis study
Authors: Sitanggang Johan S. , Siregar Kamal B. , Sitanggang Henry H. , Sprinse Vinolina Noverita 
Published: January 2022

Background: Cancer patients are considered susceptible to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to an immunosuppressive state. This study determined the prevalence of cancer as a comorbid in COVID-19 patients, severe events, case fatality rate, history of anticancer therapy associated with severe events, and type of cancer in cancer patients with COVID-19 in the world. Methods: This study used a meta-analysis study approach, sourcing studies from various countries related to cancer and COVID-19. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to select studies. A PRISMA flowchart was presented to assess the selection process. Data from inclusion studies were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4. Results: The prevalence of cancer as a comorbid in COVID-19 patients was 4.63% (95% CI, 3.78-5.49%) worldwide. The lowest prevalence was the Asian study group with 2.36% (95% CI, 1.86-2.87%) and the highest prevalence was the European study group with 10.93% (95% CI, 6.62-15.24%). About 43.26% (95% CI, 34.71-51.80%) of COVID-19 patients with cancer as comorbid experienced severe events of COVID-19. In total, 58.13% (95% CI, 42.79-73.48%) of COVID-19 patients with cancer as a comorbid who in the last month had a history of anticancer therapy experienced severe events. The prevalence of lung cancer in cancer patients with COVID-19 was 20.23% (95% CI, 7.67-32.78%). Forest plots are also presented related to the results of meta-analysis research. Conclusions: High prevalence of cancer as a comorbid among COVID-19 patients indicates the susceptibility of cancer patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cancer as a comorbid in COVID-19 patients and use of anticancer therapy increase severe events of COVID-19.
Intra-articular celecoxib improves knee extension regardless of surgical release in a rabbit model of arthrofibrosis
Authors: Trousdale William H. , Limberg Afton K. , Reina Nicolas , Salib Christopher G. , Thaler Roman , Dudakovic Amel , Berry Daniel J. , Morrey Mark E. , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin , van Wijnen Andre , Abdel Matthew P. 
Published: January 2022

Aims Outcomes of current operative treatments for arthrofibrosis after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are not consistently positive or predictable. Pharmacological in vivo studies have focused mostly on prevention of arthrofibrosis. This study used a rabbit model to evaluate intra-articular (IA) effects of celecoxib in treating contracted knees alone, or in combination with capsular release. Methods A total of 24 rabbits underwent contracture-forming surgery with knee immobilization followed by remobilization surgery at eight weeks. At remobilization, one cohort underwent capsular release (n = 12), while the other cohort did not (n = 12). Both groups were divided into two subcohorts (n = 6 each) – one receiving IA injections of celecoxib, and the other receiving injections of vehicle solution (injections every day for two weeks after remobilization). Passive extension angle (PEA) was assessed in live rabbits at 10, 16, and 24 weeks, and disarticulated limbs were analyzed for capsular stiffness at 24 weeks. Results IA celecoxib resulted in greater mean PEA at ten weeks (69.6° (SD 4.6) vs 45.2° (SD 9.6), p = 0.004), 16 weeks (109.8° (SD 24.2) vs 60.9° (SD10.9), p = 0.004), and 24 weeks (101.0° (SD 8.0) vs 66.3° (SD 5.8), p = 0.004). Capsular stiffness was significantly reduced with IA celecoxib (2.72 Newton per cm (N·cm)/° (SD 1.04), p = 0.008), capsular release (2.41 N·cm/° (SD 0.80), p = 0.008), and capsular release combined with IA celecoxib (3.56 N·cm/° (SD 0.99), p = 0.018) relative to IA vehicle (6.09 N·cm/° (SD 1.64)). Conclusion IA injections of a celecoxib led to significant improvements in passive extension angles, with reduced capsular stiffness, when administered to rabbit knees with established experimental contracture. Celecoxib was superior to surgical release, and the combination of celecoxib and a surgical release did not provide any additional value. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(1):32–39.
Reconfigurable hybrid silicon waveguide Bragg filter using ultralow-loss phase-change material
Authors: Zhou Ting , Gao Yixiao , Wang Guoxiang , Chen Yimin , Gu Chenjie , Bai Gongxun , Shi Yaocheng , Shen Xiang 
Published: January 2022

Reconfigurable silicon photonic devices attract much research attention, and hybrid integration with tunable phase-change materials (PCMs) exhibiting large refractive index contrast between amorphous (Am) and crystalline (Cr) states is a promising way to achieve this goal. Here, we propose and numerically investigate a

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-Si hybrid waveguide Bragg filter operating in the telecom C-band on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The proposed device consists of a Bragg grating (BG) with a thin top layer of ultralow-loss

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PCM interacting with evanescent field of the silicon waveguide mode. By harnessing the ultralow-loss and reversible index change of

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film, the spectral response of the hybrid BGs could be dynamically tuned. We also theoretically investigate the reversible phase transitions between Am and Cr states of

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film that could be attained by applying voltage pulses on the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) strip heater covered on

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film. Thermal simulations show that a 2 V (4.5 V) pulse with a duration of 400 ns (55 ns) applied to electric contacts would produce crystallization (or amorphization). The proposed structure may find great potential for on-chip phase tunable devices on a silicon platform.