bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity and stability of castor oil‐based microemulsions with cellulose nanocrystals as a carrier for astaxanthin
Authors: Gunarto Chintya , Go Alchris Woo , Ju Yi‐Hsu , Angkawijaya Artik Elisa , Santoso Shella Permatasari , Ayucitra Aning , Soetaredjo Felycia E. , Ismadji Suryadi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicroemulsions (MEs) are explored for its use in various food and drug formulations and applications. It is an amphiphilic material, consisting of oil phase, surfactant mixture, and aqueous phase. Castor oil (CO), which has anti‐inflammatory and analgesic activities, was used as the oil‐phase in the ME formulations. Stability and activity of CO‐based ME were investigated along with the influence of encapsulating astaxanthin as lipophilic drug and the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as pickering agent. Regression model for predicting hydrodynamic diameter of astaxanthin‐load (400 ppm) was explored with predictors being the weight fraction of CO, surfactant mixture, and CNC amount in the ME. Microemulation size is dependent on the oil‐phase and amount of drug loaded, with CNC potentially improving the stability of ME with high CO fraction. The concentration at IC50 was reduced from 494.47 to 52.25 μl/ml as the fraction of CO in ME formulation increased between 5 and 28 wt.% for free‐radical scavenging activity. The same phenomenon was observed for anti‐microbial assay, allowing 94.9% and 93.9% inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus growth, respectively. These results confirmed that CO‐based MEs are promising as the topical drug delivery, especially as the carrier for the hydrophobic compound.
Alkaline media‐sensitive nanocarrier based on carboxylated cyclodextrin for targeted delivery of anti‐colon drug
Authors: Chen Shuai , Zhu Fang‐Dao , Li Bi‐Lian , Yang Jian‐Mei , Yang Tong , Liu Xiao‐Qing , Zhang Jin , Zhao Yan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe pH‐responsive nanoparticles are a promising drug‐carrier because they always showed sensitivity and specificity to the pH changes caused by the surrounding environment. Most of the therapeutic drugs are generally absorbed in the stomach and small intestine due to the pH‐responsive nanoparticles always release the cargos at acidic media, making them difficult to reach the lower part of the large intestine, as well as inhibiting the therapeutic effects. Herein, an alkaline media‐sensitive supramolecular nanoparticle, regarded as SACD/PEI NPs, is prepared. SACD/PEI NPs exhibit assemble/disassemble state by changing the pH, which is used to encapsulate the anti‐colon drug CSL. CSL@SACD/PEI NPs showed a high release rate of 86.1% for the encapsulated CSL at pH = 8.5 (mimic the colon micro‐environment), while keeping stable at pH = 1.2 (mimic the gastric acid micro‐environment). Meanwhile, CSL@SACD/PEI NPs exhibited low hemolysis, indicating they possess good biocompatibility. In cell experiments, CSL@SACD/PEI NPs had a similar inhibitory effect on colon tumor cell SW480 and showed low cytotoxicity to normal cells compared with free CSL. Furthermore, both free CSL and CSL@SACD/PEI NPs showed excellent apoptosis effects on tumor cell SMMC‐7721. We hope that CSL@SACD/PEI NPs could be the valuable base‐answered drug delivery candidate, and have potential application for colon tumor therapy.
Recyclable shape memory polymers with independent honeycomb crosslinked polymer actuators and temperature response switches inspired by bow principle
Authors: Yang Ying , Wang Chune , Zhou Wenyan , Xiao Yu , Wang Lei , Liu Xiang , Zhou Shiyi , Li Dejiang , Liu Yang , Zhou Changlin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn order to realize high recovery stress and large recoverable compression strain, by drawing inspiration from the bow‐and‐bowstring principle, we designed the temperature switch and actuator separately to reduce the response temperature when the shape recovers, thereby improving the storage modulus of the actuator and recovery stress. Meanwhile, a self‐template method was used to synthesize shape memory polymer (SMP) which has an actuator with a honeycomb structure to further improve the recovery force. Compared with the loofah‐like interpenetrating network structure SMP (SMP‐L) obtained using the traditional method, the SMP with a honeycomb‐like actuator (SMP‐H) has three times higher recovery stress than SMP‐L. SMP‐H can lift loads more than 400 times its own weight and has three times higher recovery lifting stress than SMP‐L. SMP‐H also has self‐healing, reprocessing, and recyclable properties due to its special honeycomb‐like actuator. This new synthesis strategy could provide opportunities for the wider application of SMPs.
Emerging green light emission of Er3+‐activated single phased GdAlO3 phosphors for lighting applications
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Singh Devender , Gupta Isha , Singh Sitender , Kumar Vinod 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAn erbium ion (Er3+)‐activated gadolinium aluminate (GdAlO3) nanophosphor was synthesized by utilizing urea assisted gel‐combustion method. The crystal structure along with all other crystal parameters was determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The selected samples are of orthorhombic phase with Pnma space group. The agglomerated particles within nanorange have been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. Elemental investigation was performed by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). Photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectrum reveals a strong excitation band corresponding to the gadolinium ion (Gd3+) (276 nm) and a band near ultraviolet (UV) absorption for Er3+ (377 nm). Strong excitation band of Gd3+ was evident for the energy transfer between Gd3+ and Er3+ ions. All the doped sampled are excited at 377 nm wavelength. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum exhibits an intense band at 546 nm (4S3/2 → 4I15/2) which is responsible for the green emission in the processed samples. The color coordinate values define their color in the green region and correlated color temperature (CCT) values affirm their utility as a cold light source.
Environmental, social, and governance ratings and financial performance: Evidence from the European food industry
Authors: Sandberg Helene , Alnoor Alhamzah , Tiberius Victor 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLong‐term value creation is expected not only to be concerned with maximizing shareholder value but also includes the impact on other stakeholders and the environment. Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues are therefore gaining increasing importance, in line with the growing demand for corporate sustainability. ESG ratings foster the comparison of companies with respect to their sustainable practices. This study aims to investigate how ESG ratings impact financial performance in the European food industry. Ordinary least squares regression is applied to analyze the relation between ESG ratings and financial performance over a 4‐year period from 2017 to 2020. The profitability measures Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) are employed as financial performance measures, while ESG ratings are obtained from the database CSRHub. Results show that higher ESG ratings are associated with better financial performance. Although the effect is modest in the present study, the findings support previous results that ESG ratings are positively related to financial performance. Nonetheless, they also highlight that ESG ratings strongly converge to the mean, which depicts the need to reassess whether ESG ratings are able to measure actual ESG behavior.
Breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast cancer: A call for action in high‐income countries with low rates of breastfeeding
Authors: Stordal Britta 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWomen in the UK have a 15% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. Like other high‐income countries, women in the UK are having children later in life which increases their risk. The risk of breast cancer is reduced by 4.3% for every 12 months of breastfeeding, this is in addition to the 7.0% decrease in risk observed for each birth. Breastfeeding reduces the risk of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer (20%) and in carriers of BRCA1 mutations (22–55%). The mechanisms of reduced risk as a result of pregnancy are related to changes in RNA processing and cellular differentiation. The UK has a low rate of breastfeeding (81%) and this is contrasted to countries with higher (Sweden, Australia) and lower rates (Ireland). The low UK rate is in part due to a lack of experience in the population, todays grandmothers have less experience with breastfeeding (62%) than their daughters. An estimated 4.7% of breast cancer cases in the UK are caused by not breastfeeding. The UK only has 43% of maternity services with full Baby‐Friendly accreditation which promotes compliance with the WHO ‘Ten Steps to Successful Breast Feeding’. Legislation in the UK and Europe is far short of the WHO Guidance on restricting the advertising of formula milk. Expansion of the Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative, stricter laws on the advertising of formula milk and legislation to support nursing mothers in the workplace have the potential to increase breastfeeding in the UK. Women with a family history of breast cancer should particularly be supported to breastfeed as a way of reducing their risk.
Enhancement of bioactivity of collagen–hydroxyapatite nanocomposite on He+ ion implantation
Authors: Jogiya Bhoomika V. , Tank Kashmira P. , Joshi Mihir J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on the effect of He+ ion implantation on the structural, microstructural, and bioactivity of the collagen–hydroxyapatite (Cg/HAP) nanocomposite for orthopedics as well as vascular stent applications. The material is successfully synthesized by a surfactant‐mediated approach and has been investigated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and bioactivity analysis techniques. The presence of the characteristic peaks of collagen in the Fourier transform infrared spectrum confirms the successful synthesis of Cg/HAP nanocomposite. Observation of a blueshift reduction in the intensity and broadening of the peaks corresponding to the asymmetric stretching mode of PO4−3 (1034–1083 cm−1) on the HAP addition indicates a strong interaction between the HAP nanoparticles and collagen. Energy‐dispersive spectroscopy analysis confirmed the phase of protein content within the sample. On ion implantation, a reduction in the crystalline size is observed from the XRD analysis. The enhancement in the bioactivity of implanted Cg/HAP composite is based on electronic loss. The electronic interaction through various processes makes the surface of the composites charged leading to more surface deposition activity from simulated body fluid studies, which is further confirmed by the higher surface roughness of the implanted samples.
Experimental and numerical analysis of biomechanical effects in cervical spine positioning rotation manipulation
Authors: Chang Lijun , Wang Huihao , Guo Yingfu , Cai Zhihua , Zhan Hongsheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnlocking the biomechanical effects of cervical spine positioning rotation manipulation in the treatment of patients with neck pain. In this paper, the safety of the cervical positioning rotation manipulation is analyzed by experimentally obtaining head kinematic data, importing them into a finite element model that has been developed and validated, and calculating and analyzing the angular displacements, disc pressures, and articular surface contact forces in the normal and pathological models. The results show that the cervical spine positioning rotation technique is more effective in adjusting the position and applying force to the cervical spine C5–C6 “tendon out of the groove and bone misalignment” pathological model. Also, the cervical positioning rotation manipulation is applied with less variation in disc nucleus pulposus pressure than in the non‐positioning situation. Thus, in patients with disc degeneration, cervical positioning rotational manipulation has a more direct mechanical effect and is safer than non‐positioning rotational manipulation. The cervical spine positioning rotation manipulation is a safe method that can effectively treat patients with neck pain. It has been well demonstrated in the computational analysis of the pathological model.
Modeling planar response of vascular tissues using quadratic functions of effective strain
Authors: He Xuehuan , Lu Jia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSimulation‐based studies of the cardiovascular structure such as aorta have become increasingly popular for many biomedical problems such as predictions of aneurysm rupture. A critical step in these simulations is the development of constitutive models that accurately describe the tissue's mechanical behavior. In this work, we present a new constitutive model, which explicitly accounts for the gradual recruitment of collagen fibers. The recruitment is considered using an effective stretch, which is a continuum‐scale kinematic variable measuring the uncrimped stretch of the tissue in an average sense. The strain energy of a fiber bundle is described by a quadratic function of the effective strain. Constitutive models formulated in this manner are applied to describe the responses of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm and porcine thoracic aorta tissues. The heterogeneous properties of the ATAA tissue are extracted from bulge inflation test data, and then used in finite element analysis to simulate the inflation test. The descriptive and predictive capabilities are further assessed using planar testing data of porcine thoracic aortic tissues. It is found that the constitutive model can accurately describe the stress–strain relations. In particular, the finite element simulation replicates the displacement, strain, and stress distributions with excellent fidelity.
Acute myeloid leukemia secondary to acute B lymphoblastic leukemia treated with maintenance therapy in a child: A case report
Authors: Wang Xiaoning , Ding Ding , Liu Yalin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has the highest incidence among childhood hematologic cancers. Exposure to certain cytotoxic therapies for ALL is correlated with a higher risk of secondary malignancies.CaseWe report a rare case of a 6‐year‐old girl being diagnosed with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during her maintenance phase of treatment for ALL with TEL‐AML1 fusion gene, approximately 17 months after the primary diagnosis.ConclusionThis case indicates that we should recognize the increased risk of secondary AML for pediatric ALL patients with TEL‐AML1 fusion gene if multiple alkylating drugs and inhibitors for topoisomerase II are included in induction chemotherapy.
Effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors on measures of physical performance and physical frailty: A systematic review
Authors: Barker Fred J. , Hart Ashley , Sayer Avan A. , Witham Miles D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a key molecule in muscle metabolism and energy production; skeletal muscle concentrations are low in older people with sarcopenia. Although preclinical data suggest beneficial effects of NAD precursor supplementation, the effects on skeletal muscle function and physical frailty in humans are unclear. This systematic review evaluated the effects of NAD precursor supplementation on measures of physical performance and physical frailty in humans.MethodsWe included randomized controlled trials assessing outcomes relevant to either physical performance or any of Fried's frailty phenotype domains: slowness, weakness, exhaustion, low physical activity and weight loss. All review stages were conducted independently by two separate authors. A systematic search strategy was used searching multiple databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, ISRCTN, ClinicalTrials.gov, NHS e‐Library, and Google Scholar) to find appropriate trials. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias 2 tool. Results were grouped by intervention and phenotypic domain and were described through narrative synthesis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for trials with a mean age >60 years and trials with low risk of bias.ResultsTwenty‐six trial populations across 23 studies met inclusion criteria; size ranged from 2 to 77 participants. No trials assessed frailty as a composite outcome, though at least one Fried frailty domain was assessed in almost all included trials. A range of interventions were investigated; niacin (n = 8) and nicotinamide riboside (n = 7) were the most commonly assessed. Most trials examined short‐term interventions of up to 6 months duration, with 13 out of 26 trials lasting 1 week or less. A total of 96 primary outcomes were assessed across trials, 10 of which were in favour of an NAD precursor whereas 1 was in favour of placebo; the remainder were not statistically significant in any clear direction. Methodological heterogeneity across trials precluded meta‐analysis for any outcome. Trial populations were heterogeneous and only four trials enrolled participants with a mean age ≥60 years. Risk of bias analysis found unclear or high risk of bias in all but one trial. There was no clear pattern as to whether NAD precursors improved any measure of physical performance or any domain of the frailty phenotype; the majority of trials reported neutral findings for most outcomes.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to ascertain whether NAD precursor supplementation can improve physical performance or physical frailty measures in humans. Future trials need to be longer, larger, and target older people with skeletal muscle dysfunction.
Cobalt Phthalocyanine Cross‐Linked Polypyrrole for Efficient Electroreduction of Low Concentration CO2To CO
Authors: Chen Jin‐Mei , Xie Wen‐Jun , Yang Zhi‐Wen , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractImmobilizing cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) onto the electrode surface is a significant approach to performing efficient electrochemical CO2reduction reaction (ECO2RR). Herein, sulfylphenoxy decorated CoPc cross‐linked polypyrrole is prepared by in situ polymerization on the surface of carbon cloth. The synthesized N‐rich catalyst exhibits above 95 % Faradaic efficiency toward CO (FECO) at −0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at least for 10 h in aqueous solution and even enables direct electrolysis at low CO2concentrations, being potential for coupling ECO2RR with CO2capture. This facile in situ polymerization strategy would pave the way for developing efficient and practical electrocatalysis for ECO2RR.
Improved CO2 Capture and Catalytic Hydrogenation Using Amino Acid Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Moazezbarabadi Ayeshe , Wei Duo , Junge Henrik , Beller Matthias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA series of alkyl ammonium (or imidazolium) based ionic liquids was tested as novel and potentially green absorbent for CO2 capture and utilization. By exploiting various amino acids as counter ions for ionic liquids, CO2 capture and hydrogenation to formate occur with high activity and excellent productivity utilizing arginine. The reaction was easily scalable without any significant drop in formate production, and the catalyst was reused for five consecutive runs leading to an overall TON of 12,741 for the formation of formate salt.
Increased mast cell activation in eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Higham Andrew , Dungwa Josiah , Pham Tuyet‐Hang , McCrae Christopher , Singh Dave 
Published: September 2022

AbstractObjectivesA subset of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients have increased numbers of airway eosinophils associated with elevated markers of T2 inflammation. This analysis focussed on mast cell counts and mast cell‐related gene expression in COPD patients with higher vs lower eosinophil counts.MethodsWe investigated gene expression of tryptase (TPSAB1), carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3), chymase (CMA1) and two mast cell specific gene signatures; a bronchial biopsy signature (MCbb) and an IgE signature (MCIgE) using sputum cells and bronchial epithelial brushings. Gene expression analysis was conducted by RNA‐sequencing. We also examined bronchial biopsy mast cell numbers by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThere was increased expression of TPSAB1, CPA3 and MCbb in eosinophilhigh than in eosinophillow COPD patients in sputum cells and bronchial epithelial brushings (fold change differences 1.21 and 1.28, respectively, P < 0.01). Mast cell gene expression was associated with markers of T2 and eosinophilic inflammation (IL13, CLCA1, CST1, CCL26, eosinophil counts in sputum and bronchial mucosa; rho = 0.4–0.8; P < 0.05). There was no difference in MCIgE gene expression between groups. There was no difference in the total number of bronchial biopsy mast cells between groups.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that eosinophilic inflammation is associated with altered mast cell characteristics in COPD patients, implicating mast cells as a component of T2 inflammation present in a subset of COPD patients.
Flow cytometric kinetic assay of calcium mobilization in whole blood platelets of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
Authors: Felipo‐Benavent Mar , Martínez‐Romero Alicia , Rubio‐Guerri Consuelo , Álvaro‐Álvarez Teresa , Gil Domingo , García‐Párraga Daniel , O'Connor José‐Enrique 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMarine mammals may suffer alterations in platelet function and hemostasia due to multiple pathologies, environmental conditions (including stress) or exposure to different contaminants that induce platelet activation. Detecting early alterations in platelet function in these animals could be an especially relevant diagnostic tool in these species because they typically do not show signs of weakness or disease until the pathology is in advanced state, in order to avoid attracting predators in natural conditions. The study of early markers of platelet activation is relevant for the detection, monitoring and therapy of inflammation and hemostasis disorders. Flow cytometry provides a convenient method to evaluate platelet activation by following the kinetics of intracellular Ca2+, using sensitive fluorescent indicators that can be loaded into intact cells. In order to study intraplatelet Ca2+ mobilization in marine mammals, we have adapted a kinetic assay of human platelet activation to study platelet activation in whole‐blood samples of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) using the Ca2+‐sensitive dye Fluo‐4AM and a clone of the platelet‐specific antibody CD41‐PE that recognizes dolphin platelets. This no‐wash, no‐lyse protocol provides a simple and sensitive tool to assess in vitro the time course and intensity of signal‐transduction responses to platelet agonists under near‐physiological conditions. The adaptation of this technique to marine mammals represents a methodological advance for basic and clinical veterinary applications but also for general environmental studies on these species.