bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applicability of the source–sink population concept to marine intertidal macro‐invertebrates with planktonic larval stages
Authors: Tamaki Akio 
Published: November 2022

AbstractLocal populations of marine benthic macro‐invertebrates with planktonic larvae are believed to be in source–sink relationships via larval dispersal in a regional population complex. Practically, such a region is definable only after connectivity of constituent local populations is explored. Numerical simulations abound for hydrodynamic connectivity by larvae between local/regional populations. Empirical studies have scarcely integrated inter‐local connectivity and intra‐local population dynamics into demographic connectivity analysis. I review the current research and indicate fundamental and technical problems to demonstrate that some source–sink systems in intertidal shores, which are most accessible among benthic habitats, are a good model. The challenge in benthic source–sink research comes from that existent local populations may not be self‐sustaining because of low larval self‐seeding rates and/or low benthos' survival rates and yet can persist as latent sinks. They may receive larvae leaking from sources at good‐quality habitat patches with stationary larval retention areas for self‐recruitment. On an intertidal sandflat in an estuary–coastal ocean region, Kyushu, Japan during 1979–2019, the population of a trochid gastropod with 3‐ to 9‐day larval duration became extinct and recovered. The extinction was caused by sediment destabilization by a callianassid shrimp population which increased in the early 1980s. The gastropod recovery was owing to the shrimp decline by stingray predation and the transport of larvae from some self‐sustainable populations with lower shrimp densities 30 km away. It was estimated that the gastropod population before the shrimp proliferation on that sandflat might be a latent sink requiring allochthonous larval subsidy due to epi‐benthic predation on juveniles.
Primary sources of health care among LGBTQ+ veterans: Findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Authors: Hahn Hunter , Burkitt Kelly H. , Kauth Michael R. , Shipherd Jillian C. , Blosnich John R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the primary source of health care between veterans with lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer and similar identities (LGBTQ+) and non‐LGBTQ+ veterans.Data Sources and Study SettingVeterans (N = 20,497) from 17 states who completed the CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 2016 to 2020, including the Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Health Care Access modules.Study DesignWe used survey‐weighted multiple logistic regression to estimate average marginal effects of the prevalence of utilization of Veteran's Health Administration (VHA)/military health care reported between LGBTQ+ and non‐LGBTQ+ veterans. Prevalence estimates were adjusted for age group, sex, race and ethnicity, marital status, educational attainment, employment status, survey year, and US state.Data Collection MethodsStudy data were gathered via computer‐assisted telephone interviews with probability‐based samples of adults aged 18 and over. Data are publicly available.Principal FindingsOverall, there was not a statistically significant difference in estimated adjusted prevalence of primary use of VHA/military health care between LGBTQ+ and non‐LGBTQ+ veterans (20% vs. 23%, respectively, p = 0.13). When examined by age group, LGBTQ+ veterans aged 34 and younger were significantly less likely to report primary use of VHA/military health care compared to non‐LGBTQ+ veterans (25% vs. 44%, respectively; p = 0.009). Similarly, in sex‐stratified analyses, fewer female LGBTQ+ veterans than female non‐LGBTQ+ veterans reported VHA/military health care as their primary source of care (13% vs. 29%, respectively, p = 0.003). Implications and limitations to these findings are discussed.ConclusionsFemale and younger LGBTQ+ veterans appear far less likely to use VHA/military for health care compared to their cisgender, heterosexual peers; however, because of small sample sizes, estimates may be imprecise. Future research should corroborate these findings and identify potential reasons for these disparities.
Placentа of BCG‐Vaccinated Women in early Pregnancy is Colonized with Non‐Immunogenic Mycobacterial L‐forms
Authors: Dimova Tanya , Dimitrova Violeta , Grozdanov Petar , Markova Nadya 
Published: November 2022

AbstractProblemLong‐lived mycobacterial L‐forms (mL‐forms) could be detected in the blood of BCG‐vaccinated people. We have previously found mL‐forms in term placentas and blood of neonates, delivered by healthy BCG‐vaccinated mothers as first formal demonstration that BCG vaccination in the childhood of the woman could affect her placentobiome during pregnancy. Of note, the isolated mL‐forms reverted to the cell‐walled state of the parental BCG bacilli in vitro.Method of studyHere, we analyzed triple samples of blood, decidua and chorion taken from BCG‐vaccinated pregnant women, directed to elective abortions (6‐12 gestation weeks). The colonization of the primary samples with mycobacterial L‐forms (mL‐forms) was evaluated using microbiological isolation and subsequent identification by real time PCR and morphological characterization by light microscopy and SEM. The potential of early placenta‐derived mL‐forms to expand mycobacteria‐reactive γδ T cells in vitro was assessed using FACS, whereas their immunogenicity in vivo was followed up after i.p. inoculation in rats.ResultsOur results showed two important findings: 1) viable filterable mL‐forms varying in size, shape and proliferation modes are capable of colonizing the gestational tissues of BCG‐vaccinated women early in pregnancy and 2) early placenta‐derived mL‐forms are not as immunogenic as walled M. bovis BCG bacilli, shown by lack of stimulation of mycobacteria‐reactive γδ T cells co‐cultured with early placenta‐derived mL‐forms and inefficient internalization of mL‐forms by rat's peritoneal phagocytes in vivo.ConclusionAlthough generally thought to be reduced in virulence, mL‐forms could provide a reservoir, hidden from the immune system especially in an immune privileged niche like placenta.
Impaired pulmonary function mediates inattention in young adults born extremely preterm
Authors: Litt Jonathan S. , Johnson Samantha , Marlow Neil , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo test whether poor childhood pulmonary function explains the relationship between extremely preterm (EP) birth and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in young adulthood.MethodsEPICure birth cohort participants include children born <26 weeks' gestation in the United Kingdom and Ireland in 1995 and their term‐born classmates. Predictor was EP birth. Outcomes were inattention/hyperactivity subscale z‐scores at 19 years. Forced expiratory volume (FEV1) z‐scores in childhood and young adulthood were mediators. We used recursive path analysis to determine the direct effect of EP birth on inattention/hyperactivity and its indirect effect through pulmonary function.ResultsNinety EP and 47 term‐born participants had pulmonary function testing at 11 and 19 years. Inattention z‐scores were higher in the EP group (mean difference 0.55 [95% CI 0.11, 0.99]) but not hyperactivity. Compared to term‐born peers, EP participants had lower FEV1 z‐scores at 11 (mean difference−1.35 [95% CI −1.72, −0.98]) and 19 (mean difference−1.29 [95% CI −1.65, −0.92]). Path models revealed that childhood pulmonary function explained the relationship between EP birth and inattention.ConclusionsExtremely preterm young adults have increased risk for inattention compared to term‐born peers. Poor pulmonary function appears to underlie this risk. The mechanisms responsible remain unclear and warrant further study.
Radiological incidence of donor‐site incisional hernia and parastomal hernia after vertical rectus abdominus myocutaneous flap‐based reconstruction following colorectal surgery
Authors: Tang Alethea M. , Spencer Naomi , Parkins Kristie , Bevan Victoria , Taylor Gregory , Markham Derrian , Drew Peter , Harries Rhiannon L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimA vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap is commonly used to reconstruct perineal defects for low rectal and anal cancer. The incidence of midline incisional hernias after VRAM reconstruction varies from 3.6% when detected clinically to 50% when detected radiologically. The aim of this study is to accurately determine the radiological incidence of donor‐site incisional and parastomal hernia following VRAM reconstruction.MethodThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing colorectal surgery requiring VRAM reconstruction over 10 years. Data were collected on patient demographics, indication for surgery and surgical procedure, including details of any hernia repair. Images from surveillance CTs were reviewed for the presence and size of midline incisional and/or parastomal hernias. Parastomal hernias were classified based on the European Hernia Society (EHS) classification.ResultsOne hundred and seventy three patients were included in the analysis. The median age was 67 years (range 29–88 years) and the median length of follow‐up was 49 months (interquartile range 24.3–71.0 months). The cumulative incidence of donor‐site incisional hernia after VRAM at 1, 2 and 5 years was 15.1%, 25.4% and 29.1%, respectively. The cumulative incidence for PSH at 1, 2 and 5 years was 33.1%, 46.6% and 53.3%, respectively (95% CI 45.4%–60.5%).ConclusionMost patients who develop donor‐site incisional hernia and parastomal herniation following VRAM tend to do so within the first 2 years. Although the use of CT imaging improves the diagnosis of donor‐site incisional and parastomal hernias, the clinical significance of this is unknown.
Evolutionary double suicide in symbiotic systems
Authors: Uchiumi Yu , Sato Masato , Sasaki Akira 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMutualism is thought to face a threat of coextinction cascade because the loss of a member species could lead to the extinction of the other member. Despite this common emphasis on the perils of such knock‐on effect, hitherto, the evolutionary causes leading to extinction have been less emphasised. Here, we examine how extinction could be triggered in mutualism and whether an evolutionary response to partner loss could prevent collateral extinctions, by theoretically examining the coevolution of the host exploitation by symbionts and host dependence on symbiosis. Our model reveals that mutualism is more vulnerable to co‐extinction through adaptive evolution (evolutionary double suicide) than parasitism. Additionally, it shows that the risk of evolutionary double suicide rarely promotes the backward evolution to an autonomous (non‐symbiotic) state. Our results provide a new perspective on the evolutionary fragility of mutualism and the rarity of observed evolutionary transitions from mutualism to parasitism.
A question to the physician from a patient on hemodialysis: Would it be safe to run a marathon? A case report
Authors: Kaarup Sophie , Hansen Henrik P. , Lindhard Kristine 
Published: November 2022

AbstractA patient on maintenance hemodialysis asked his physician if it would be safe for him to run a marathon. For healthy persons, studies show that it is relatively safe. Very few data are available on patients on hemodialysis performing out of center endurance exercise. To address this question, we conducted a clinical study to investigate the electrolyte derangements during different running distances. Our main concern was development of hyperkalemia. We present a case of an anuric hemodialysis patient, who ran eight different runs with a maximum distance of 32.2 km. Blood was analyzed before and after the runs. We did not find severe hyperkalemia at any point. According to this study, we found no signs of increased risk.
High levels of risk factors and poor secondary prevention for coronary heart disease patients in public hospitals: A descriptive repeated measures study
Authors: Al‐Smadi Ahmed Mohammad , Ashour Ala Fawzi , Fitzsimons Donna , Slater Paul , O'Neill Brenda , Ajlouni Wisal , Shajrawi Abedalmajeed Methqal 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundSecondary prevention is a priority after coronary revascularization for effective long‐term cardiovascular care. Coronary Heart Disease is a major health problem in Jordan, but little is known about the current provision of secondary prevention.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors and explore the current provision of secondary Coronary Heart Disease prevention among patients presenting with first‐time Coronary Heart Disease at two time points: during hospitalization (Time 1) and 6 months later (Time 2), in multicentre settings in Jordan.MethodsA descriptive, repeated measures research study design was applied to a consecutive sample of 180 patients with first‐time Coronary Heart Disease. Demographic and clinical details were recorded from medical files. Self‐administered questionnaires developed by the researchers were used to measure secondary prevention information related to Coronary Heart Disease, including secondary prevention services, lifestyle advice received and medical advice topics. A short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure physical activity. Participants were assessed at Times 1 and 2.ResultsUnstructured lifestyle advice given to the patients at Times 1 and 2 most frequently related to medications, smoking, diet and blood lipids control advice topics, with no statistically significant improvement in cardiovascular risk factors among patients between Times 1 and 2.ConclusionDespite an extremely high prevalence of risk factors in this population, the provision of secondary prevention is poor in Jordan, which requires urgent improvement, and the contribution of nurses' to secondary prevention should be enhanced.
Neutrophils as immune effector cells in antibody therapy in cancer
Authors: Behrens Leonie M. , van Egmond Marjolein , van den Berg Timo K. 
Published: November 2022

SummaryTumor‐targeting monoclonal antibodies are available for a number of cancer cell types (over)expressing the corresponding tumor antigens. Such antibodies can limit tumor progression by different mechanisms, including direct growth inhibition and immune‐mediated mechanisms, in particular complement‐dependent cytotoxicity, antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis, and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). ADCC can be mediated by various types of immune cells, including neutrophils, the most abundant leukocyte in circulation. Neutrophils express a number of Fc receptors, including Fcγ‐ and Fcα‐receptors, and can therefore kill tumor cells opsonized with either IgG or IgA antibodies. In recent years, important insights have been obtained with respect to the mechanism(s) by which neutrophils engage and kill antibody‐opsonized cancer cells and these findings are reviewed here. In addition, we consider a number of additional ways in which neutrophils may affect cancer progression, in particular by regulating adaptive anti‐cancer immunity.
Platelet‐rich fibrin combined with a particulate bone substitute versus guided bone regeneration in the damaged extraction socket: An in vivo study
Authors: Park Jin‐Young , Hong Kyu‐Jin , Ko Kyung‐A , Cha Jae‐Kook , Gruber Reinhard , Lee Jung‐Seok 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimIt has been proposed that platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) can be used to support bone regeneration during alveolar ridge augmentation. The aim of this study was to determine whether an approach utilizing PRF provides similar performance to the established guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure.Materials and MethodsTwo‐wall defects were surgically created in beagle dogs and treated in three experimental groups: (i) a sticky bone (SB) substitute prepared using liquid PRF and deproteinized porcine bone mineral (DPBM); (ii) SB covered with solid PRF compressed into a membrane; and (iii) GBR performed using DPBM covered by a collagen membrane. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction was applied to the specimen after 1 week of healing, and microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) and histological outcomes were analysed after 8 weeks of healing.ResultsCompared with GBR, PRF resulted in a moderate increase in the expression levels of osteoblast and osteoclast markers, osteocalcin, and calcitonin receptor. Moreover, PRF modestly increased angiogenesis and the inflammation markers vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL‐6. Micro‐CT and histological analyses confirmed the expected increased alveolar ridge area, with no significant differences between the three groups. Consistently, graft consolidation, as indicated by new bone formation at the defect site, did not differ significantly between groups.ConclusionsThe present results demonstrate that PRF‐based approaches perform comparably to the established GBR procedure in terms of the consolidation of DPBM in two‐wall alveolar defects.
Immigrant parents and children navigating two languages: A scoping review
Authors: deSouza Darcey K. , Lin Hua , Cox Ronald B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractUpon initiating school, immigrant children begin to lose much of their heritage language (HL) abilities, resulting in the erosion of a common shared language with their parents. Although communication is fundamental to positive parent–child relationships, research on the effects of navigating two languages is missing from most family theories regarding immigrant populations. This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of the literatures from family science, child development, communication, and applied linguistics regarding how immigrant families navigate the adoption of a host country's language and the maintenance of their HL, and how this process impacts parent–child relationships. Results indicate that (a) the literature is relatively small and underdeveloped; (b) there is a limiting focus on individual language proficiency rather than a dyadic or familial communicative process; and (c) child HL proficiency is strongly correlated with healthier parent–child relationships and child outcomes. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Phosphorus fractions in leaves
Authors: Suriyagoda Lalith D. B. , Ryan Megan H. , Gille Clément E. , Dayrell Roberta L. C. , Finnegan Patrick M. , Ranathunge Kosala , Nicol Dion , Lambers Hans 
Published: November 2022

SummaryLeaf phosphorus (P) comprises four major fractions: inorganic phosphate (Pi), nucleic acids, phospholipids, P‐containing metabolites and a residual fraction. In this review paper, we investigated whether allocation of P fractions varies among groups of terrestrial vascular plants, and is indicative of a species' strategy to use P efficiently. We found that as leaf total P concentration increases, the Pi fraction increases the most, without a plateau, while other fractions plateau. Variability of the concentrations of leaf P fractions is greatest among families > species(family) > regions > plant life forms. The percentage of total P allocated to nucleic acid‐P (20–35%) and lipid‐P (14–34%) varies less among families/species. High photosynthetic P‐use efficiency is associated with low concentrations of all P fractions, and preferential allocation of P to metabolite‐P and mesophyll cells. Sequential resorption of P from senescing leaves starts with Pi, followed by metabolite‐P, and then other organic P fractions. Allocation of P to leaf P fractions varies with season. Leaf phytate concentrations vary considerably among species, associated with variation in photosynthesis and defence. Plasticity of P allocation to its fractions is important for acclimation to low soil P availability, and species‐specific P allocation is needed for co‐occurrence with other species.
Transplastomic tomatoes expressing double‐stranded RNA against a conserved gene are efficiently protected from multiple spider mites
Authors: Wu Mengting , Zhang Qi , Dong Yi , Wang Zican , Zhan Wenqin , Ke Zebin , Li Shengchun , He Lin , Ruf Stephanie , Bock Ralph , Zhang Jiang 
Published: November 2022

Summary

Spider mites are serious pests and have evolved significant resistance to many chemical pesticides, thus making their control challenging. Several insect pests can be combated by plastid‐mediated RNA interference (PM‐RNAi), but whether PM‐RNAi can be utilized to control noninsect pests is unknown.

Here, we show that three species of spider mites (Tetranychus evansi, Tetranychus truncatus, and Tetranychus cinnabarinus) take up plastid RNA upon feeding. We generated transplastomic tomato plants expressing double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeted against a conserved region of the spider mite β‐Actin mRNA.

Transplastomic plants exhibited high levels of resistance to all three spider mite species, as evidenced by increased mortality and suppression of target gene expression. Notably, transplastomic plants induced a more robust RNAi response, caused higher mortality, and were overall better protected from spider mites than dsRNA‐expressing nuclear transgenic plants.

Our data demonstrate the potential of PM‐RNAi as an efficient pest control measure for spider mites and extend the application range of the technology to noninsect pests.
Far‐UVC Light at 222 nm is Showing Significant Potential to Safely and Efficiently Inactivate Airborne Pathogens in Occupied Indoor Locations
Authors: Brenner David J. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFar UVC light (UVC wavelengths below 235 nm) is a comparatively new modality with significant potential to safely and very efficiently inactivate airborne pathogens in occupied indoor locations. There are now significant accumulations of evidence both in terms of the safety of far‐UVC for direct exposure of occupied indoor locations, and in terms of its efficacy to markedly reduce the levels of active airborne pathogens This article reviews both the safety of far‐UVC, which has a clear mechanistic underpinning, and its efficacy, both in the laboratory and in full‐sized rooms. Highlighted is the paper by Ma et al. in this issue of Photochemistry and Photobiology which addresses the efficacy of far‐UVC light (in this case at 222 nm) against a broad spectrum of common pathogens including SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza viruses. From their data, and based on our understanding of the largely random nature of UVC‐induced damage within the genome, far UVC would be expected to be effective against the next pandemic virus, if and when it emerges.