bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased sensitivity of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans to human serum is mediated by induction of a bacteriophage
Authors: Tang‐Siegel Gaoyan G. , Chen Casey , Mintz Keith P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a Gram‐negative oral pathobiont causing aggressive periodontitis and systemic infections, demonstrates serum resistance. We have identified a dsDNA‐tailed bacteriophage, S1249, which was found to convert from this microorganism inducible by human serum into a lytic state to kill the bacterium. This phage demonstrated active transcripts when exposed to human serum: 20% of genes were upregulated more than 10‐fold, and 45% of them were upregulated 5–10‐fold when the bacterium was grown in the presence of human serum compared to without the presence of human serum. Transcriptional activation when grown in equine serum was less pronounced. This phage demonstrated a tail with inner rigid tubes and an outer contractile sheath, features of Myoviridae spp. Further characterization revealed that the lysogenized integration of the phage in the chromosome of A. actinomycetemcomitans occurred between the genes encoding cold‐shock DNA‐binding domain‐containing protein (csp) and glutamyl‐tRNA synthetase (gltX). Both phage DNA integrated lysogeny and nonintegrated pseudolysogeny were identified in the infected bacterium. A newly generated, lysogenized strain using this phage displayed similar attributes, including 63% growth inhibition compared to its isogenic phage‐free strain when in the presence of human serum. Our data suggest that bacteriophage S1249 can be induced in the presence of human serum and enters the lytic cycle, which reduces the viability of infected bacteria in vivo.
An event‐related potential study of self‐positivity bias in native and foreign language contexts
Authors: Liu Shuang , Schwieter John W. , Wang Fenqi , Liu Huanhuan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSelf‐positivity bias is a common psychological phenomenon in which individuals often associate positive information with themselves. However, little is known about how self‐positivity bias is modulated by different language contexts (e.g., a first vs. second language). To this end, we analyzed behavioral and electrophysiological data to examine whether first or second languages play differential roles in the self‐positivity bias effect. We used a modified self‐positivity bias task which required Chinese–English bilinguals to judge strings of letters or characters as realwords or not and match associations between identity (self, other) and a geometric shape (circle, triangle). The target words in the experiment consisted of positive, negative, and neutral emotional words. The results showed that in the L2 context, the self‐positivity condition elicited a smaller N400 effect relative to the self‐negativity condition and a larger late positive component effect relative to the self‐negativity and self‐neutrality conditions. Furthermore, the other‐positivity condition elicited a stronger N400 effect than the other‐neutrality condition. These patterns did not emerge in the L1 context. We discuss the implications and contributions of these findings to better understand the interaction between emotion and self‐concept in different language contexts.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality trends worldwide: An update to 2019
Authors: Mei Federico , Dalmartello Michela , Bonifazi Martina , Bertuccio Paola , Levi Fabio , Boffetta Paolo , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo , Malvezzi Matteo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) incidence, prevalence, mortality and socioeconomic burden are considerable and vary across countries. The aim of the present study was to update the analysis of COPD mortality worldwide using data from the World Health Organization (WHO) up to 2019.MethodsWe obtained COPD mortality and population data for 22 European countries and the European Union (EU) as a whole, 10 American countries and six other countries from the WHO mortality database. We calculated age‐standardized mortality rates in both sexes and examined trends by country with joinpoint analysis between 1994 and 2019.ResultsBetween 2005–2007 and 2015–2017, overall COPD mortality decreased in EU men (−16.3%) but increased in women (12.7%) to reach rates of 14.0/100,000 in men and of 6.4/100,000 in women. In the United States, mortality declined in men to 21.3/100,000 but rose in women to 18.3/100,000. Mortality declined in most Latin American countries and all Asian countries, while an increase in Australian women was observed.ConclusionA steady decrease in COPD mortality was observed in most of countries for men, whilst a different trend was observed in women in several countries. These trends are largely explained by changes in smoking habits, with an additional contribution of air pollution and occupational exposures. Despite past and ongoing tobacco control initiatives, this condition still remains a leading cause of death, in particular in countries with lower socio‐demographic indices.
Tranexamic acid: Beyond antifibrinolysis
Authors: Prudovsky Igor , Kacer Doreen , Zucco Victoria Vieira , Palmeri Monica , Falank Carolyne , Kramer Robert , Carter Damien , Rappold Joseph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTranexamic acid (TXA) is a popular antifibrinolytic drug widely used in hemorrhagic trauma patients and cardiovascular, orthopedic, and gynecological surgical patients. TXA binds plasminogen and prevents its maturation to the fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin. A number of studies have demonstrated the broad life‐saving effects of TXA in trauma, superior to those of other antifibrinolytic agents. Besides preventing fibrinolysis and blood loss, TXA has been reported to suppress posttraumatic inflammation and edema. Although the efficiency of TXA transcends simple inhibition of fibrinolysis, little is known about its mechanisms of action besides the suppression of plasmin maturation. Understanding the broader effects of TXA at the cell, organ, and organism levels are required to elucidate its potential mechanisms of action transcending antifibrinolytic activity. In this article, we provide a brief review of the current clinical use of TXA and then focus on the effects of TXA beyond antifibrinolytics such as its anti‐inflammatory activity, protection of the endothelial and epithelial monolayers, stimulation of mitochondrial respiration, and suppression of melanogenesis.
Expression and therapeutic targeting of BMI1 in canine gliomas
Authors: Al‐Nadaf Sami , Peacott‐Ricardos Kyle S. , Dickinson Peter J. , Rebhun Robert B. , York Daniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe BMI1 proto‐oncogene, polycomb ring finger protein (BMI1) is a key component of the epigenetic polycomb repressor complex 1, and has been associated with aggressive behaviour and chemotherapeutic resistance in various malignances including human gliomas. Similar to humans, spontaneous canine gliomas carry a poor prognosis with limited therapeutic options. BMI1 expression and the effects of BMI1 inhibition have not been evaluated in canine gliomas. Here, we demonstrate that BMI1 is highly expressed in canine gliomas. Although increased BMI1 protein expression correlated with higher glioma grade in western blot assays, this correlation was not observed in a larger sample set using immunohistochemical analysis. The BMI1 inhibitor, PTC‐209, suppressed BMI1 expression in established canine glioma cell lines and resulted in antiproliferative activity when used alone and in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. PTC‐209 targeting of BMI1 activated the retinoblastoma (RB) pathway through downregulation of total and phosphorylated RB, independent of INK4A/ARF signalling, likely through BMI1‐inhibition mediated upregulation of p21. These data support the rationale for targeting of BMI1 signalling and the use of canine glioma as a translational therapeutic model for human disease.
Tool Wear Characterization in Turning of a Nickel Superalloy Through Customized Pin-On-Disk Tests and Acoustic Emission Signals Analysis
Authors: Franchi Rodolfo , Rotella Giovanna , Del Prete Antonio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Wear mechanisms taking place during machining strongly affect the overall process reliability, product quality, and production costs. It is necessary to have useful monitoring techniques for monitoring the wear trend during the process and to identify wearing phenomena occurring during the evolution of the process. In order to get a reliable tool, it is necessary to identify and distinguish the contributing factors and wear mechanisms happening during machining. In this paper, an acoustic emission sensor has been used to identify characteristic features pertaining different wear mechanism displayed during turning of waspaloy. The methodology used to distinguish the contributing elements was developed coupling turning tests with corresponding tribological experiments so that clear evidences on different contributions were identified showing a useful tool for industrial and research applications.
Modeling of Flexible-Link Manipulators Under Uncertain Parameters Based on Stochastic Finite Element Method
Authors: Lara-Molina Fabian A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach to obtain the dynamic model of flexible-link manipulators based on the stochastic finite element method. The links and elements of flexible manipulators are affected by uncertainties. The main sources of uncertainties include the variation of mechanical properties. The present research study conveys the following contributions: (i) modeling the uncertain parameters such as the stiffness of the links as an extension of the finite element method based on stochastic fields and the stochastic finite element method, (ii) numerical method to simulate the dynamic response of flexible manipulation with uncertain parameters in the links based on the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), and (iii) numerical application of the proposed method to the one-link flexible manipulator and two-link flexible manipulator. Numerical simulations illustrate the proposed approach in terms of joint responses and frequency response functions subject to uncertain parameters.
Thermal Analysis of the Effect of Absorber Plate Geometric Parameters on the Dynamic of an Indirect Type Solar Dryer
Authors: Lemoubou Ernest Léontin , Aghogue Donchi Carine Pamela , Tchinda René , Bogning Jean Roger 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper studies the effects of the absorber plate geometry on the thermal performance of an indirect solar dryer considering temperature dependent thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficients. The main goal was to explore the effects of the absorbers confined air as well as the absorber plate thicknesses and to provide more realistic characterizations of the thermal dynamic of an indirect solar dryer. The heat transfer process is described using highly nonlinear partial differential equations. The mathematical model accounts the contribution of the upper soil surface temperature calculated using the boundary layer similarity theory. The established mathematical equations describing heat transfer in the solar drying system are solved numerically using a developed matlab program. The investigations of heat transfer of the proposed model reveal excellent agreement of prediction responses with the experimental results from the literature. Mathematical model of indirect solar drying prototype developed with double absorber plates separated with a confined air layer operates more effectively with a thermal efficiency greater than 6% compared to the model without confined air configuration. The numerical experiments also show the non-negligible effects of the absorber plate thickness on the thermal dynamic of an indirect solar dryer.
Cohort profile: the Halland osteoarthritis (HALLOA) cohort–from knee pain to osteoarthritis: a longitudinal observational study in Sweden
Authors: Andersson Maria L E , Haglund Emma , Aili Katarina , Bremander Ann , Bergman S 
Published: July 2022

PurposeThe overall objective in this study is to investigate the early development of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and its association with hand or/and knee OA, metabolic diseases, biomarkers, chronic pain, physical function and daily physical activity types.ParticipantsThe Halland osteoarthritis (HALLOA) cohort is a longitudinal cohort study that includes individuals with knee pain in the southwest of Sweden. Enrolment took place from 2017 to 2019. The inclusion criteria were current knee pain, with no former known radiographic knee OA and no cruciate ligament rupture or rheumatological disorder. The participants were recruited: (1) when seeking care for knee pain in primary healthcare or (2) by advertisements in local newspapers. There are 306 individuals included in the study, mean age (SD) 51.7 (8.7) years and 69% are women. The baseline and follow-ups include clinical tests, radiographical examinations, blood samples, metabolic measures, pain pressure thresholds, tests of physical functions, daily physical activity types and patient-reported outcomes.Findings to dateThere were associations between metabolic factors and radiographic knee OA, even in those with normal body mass index at baseline. In addition, clinical hand OA was positively associated with fasting plasma glucose. We also found that modifiable factors as increased visceral fat and total body fat were associated with increased pain sensitivity among individuals with knee pain.Future plansBy studying possible pathophysiological mechanisms of OA over time, we aim to provide new insights on OA progression, identify usable preventive measures helping the clinicians in the management of the disease and improve health for the patients. It is also important to study the development of chronic pain in OA, to get tools to identify individuals at risk and to be able to offer them treatment.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04928170).
Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial on the use of intraoperative ultrasound-guided laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy (UGLOC) as a method of fertility preservation in the management of benign ovarian cysts
Authors: Kasaven Lorraine S , Jones Benjamin P , Ghaem-Maghami Sadaf , Verbakel Jan Yvan Jos , El-Bahrawy Mona , Saso Srdjan , Yazbek Joseph 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe lifetime risk of women undergoing surgery for the presence of benign ovarian pathology in the UK is 5%–10%. Despite minimally invasive surgical techniques, evidence suggests a number of healthy ovarian follicles and tissues are resected intraoperatively, resulting in subsequent decline of ovarian reserve. As such, there is an increasing demand for the implementation of fertility preservation surgery (FPS). This study will evaluate the effect on ovarian reserve following two different surgical interventions for the management of benign ovarian cysts.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a two-armed randomised controlled trial comparing laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy, considered gold standard treatment as per the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) Green Top guidelines for the management of benign ovarian cysts, with ultrasound-guided laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy (UGLOC), a novel method of FPS. The study commencement date was October 2021, with a completion date aimed for October 2024. The primary outcome will be the difference in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) (pmol/L) and antral follicle count (AFC) measured 3 and 6 months postoperatively from the preoperative baseline. Secondary outcomes include assessment of various surgical and histopathological findings, including duration of hospital stay (days), duration of surgery (minutes), presence of intraoperative cyst rupture (yes/no), presence of ovarian tissue within the resected specimen (yes/no) and the grade of follicles excised within the specimen (grade 0–4). We aim to randomise 94 patients over 3 years to achieve power of 80% at an alpha level of 0.05.Ethics and disseminationFindings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences and scientific meetings. The Chelsea NHS Research and Ethics Committee have awarded ethical approval of the study (21/LO/036).Trial registration numberNCT05032846.
Neonatal outcomes associated with mode of subsequent birth after a previous caesarean section in a first pregnancy: a Swedish population-based register study between 1999 and 2015
Authors: Dencker Anna , Lyckestam Thelin Ida , Smith Valerie , Lundgren Ingela , Nilsson Christina , Li Huiqi , Ladfors Lars , Elfvin Anders 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate neonatal outcomes within 28 days in the subsequent birth in women who gave birth to their first baby by caesarean section (CS).Design and settingNational retrospective population-based register study. A cohort of 94 451 neonates who were born in Sweden between 1999 and 2015 as a second child to a mother who had her first birth by emergency or planned caesarean.MethodsData were retrieved from the national registers held by Statistics Sweden and the National Board of Health and Welfare. Logistic regression was used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted ORs (aOR) with 95% CIs for each outcome.Main outcome measuresNeonatal infection, neonatal asphyxia/respiratory distress, neonatal hospital care and neonatal death within 28 days.ResultsEmergency CS and instrumental vaginal birth were associated with a doubled risk of neonatal infection (aOR 2.0) and planned CS with a decreased risk (aOR 0.7) compared with spontaneous vaginal birth. Compared with spontaneous vaginal birth, an increased risk of birth asphyxia and/or respiratory distress was identified with all other modes of birth (aOR 2.2–3.2). Emergency CS and instrumental vaginal birth, but not planned CS, were associated with neonatal hospital care (aOR 1.8 and 1.7) and an increased mortality rate during the neonatal period (aOR 2.9 and 3.2), compared with spontaneous vaginal birth.ConclusionsIn childbirth following a previous birth by CS, spontaneous vaginal birth appears to confer better neonatal outcomes within 28 days after birth overall than other modes of birth.
Eligibility for early rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation in the UK Biobank
Authors: Kany Shinwan , Cardoso Victor Roth , Bravo Laura , Williams John A , Schnabel Renate , Fabritz Larissa , Gkoutos Georgios V , Kirchhof Paulus 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe Early Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke Prevention (EAST-AFNET4) trial showed a clinical benefit of early rhythm-control therapy in patients with recently diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF). The generalisability of the results in the general population is not known.MethodsParticipants in the population-based UK Biobank were assessed for eligibility based on the EAST-AFNET4 inclusion/exclusion criteria. Treatment of all eligible participants was classified as early rhythm-control (antiarrhythmic drug therapy or AF ablation) or usual care. To assess treatment effects, primary care data and Hospital Episode Statistics were merged with UK Biobank data.Efficacy and safety outcomes were compared between groups in the entire cohort and in a propensity-matched data set.ResultsAF was present in 35 526/502 493 (7.1%) participants, including 8340 (988 with AF <1 year) with AF at enrolment and 27 186 with incident AF during follow-up. Most participants (22 003/27 186; 80.9%) with incident AF were eligible for early rhythm-control.Eligible participants were older (70 years vs 63 years) and more likely to be female (42% vs 21%) compared with ineligible patients. Of 9004 participants with full primary care data, 874 (9.02%) received early rhythm-control. Safety outcomes were not different between patients receiving early rhythm-control and controls. The primary outcome of EAST-AFNET 4, a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke/transient ischaemic attack and hospitalisation for heart failure or acute coronary syndrome occurred less often in participants receiving early rhythm-control compared with controls in the entire cohort (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.94, p=0.005). In the propensity-score matched analysis, early rhythm-control did not significantly decrease of the primary outcome compared with usual care (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.04, p=0.124).ConclusionAround 80% of participants diagnosed with AF in the UK population are eligible for early rhythm-control. Early rhythm-control therapy was safe in routine care.
Evolution of transvenous embolization in vein of Galen malformation: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Fifi Johanna T , Bazil Maximilian Jeremy , Matsoukas Stavros , Shigematsu Tomoyoshi , Sorscher Michelle , Berenstein Alejandro 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundTreatment of vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs) has improved greatly since the inception of endovascular treatment. Transvenous embolization (TVE) is an attractive option to achieve complete obliteration.ObjectiveTo review the literature on TVE of VOGM and then analyze our practice’s unique experience and evolving treatment strategies over 30 years.MethodsA retrospective review of our clinical database for patients with the diagnosis of VOGM treated between January 2004 and August 2021 was performed. A literature review of 49 relevant articles was also carried out.ResultsTVE in VOGM has evolved with initial introduction as a transtorcular (TT) approach, which then lost favor to transarterial embolization (TAE). TAE has been considered the more favorable approach in most high-volume centers. In more recent times, the transvenous embolization (TVE) approach has been revisited as a last treatment to achieve a cure after a series of TAE treatments. We presently favor beginning treatment with staged TAE to reduce flow to the lesion and, importantly, shrink the draining vein. This then allows for the performance of TVE with the Chapot pressure cooker technique (CPCT) with coils and liquid embolic embolization.ConclusionsTT TVE itself carries a high degree of risk and is most highly associated with long-term morbidities and mortality. Traditional transfemoral/transjugular TVE approaches are safe and effective in simple fistulas with a small venous pouch; however, we believe that the CPCT is the safest technique as a last-stage treatment for its security in avoiding reflux and obtaining occlusion of the small perforators.