bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Energy Density of Polyvinylidene Fluoride‐Based Composite Films Induced by Anisotropic PLZT Fillers
Authors: Huang Can , Li Wenhao , Yang Lei , Peng Yedong , Huang Jinping , Hu Zhihui , Wang Qing , Xu Jianmei , Zhou Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of electronic industry, high‐energy storage density dielectric materials are urgently needed to meet electronic components equipment miniaturized demand. Polymer dielectric materials have the advantages of good flexibility and high breakdown field, however, the energy storage capacity of polymers is limited by its inherent low dielectric constant. To improve the dielectric constant and energy storage density of the polymer material, we synthesized 0D (zero dimension), 1D, 2D lanthanum modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) fillers which introduced into polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. The anisotropic of the fillers has obvious improvement on the properties of materials. Compared with 0D fillers, high anisotropic fillers are more effective in enhancing the dielectric performances and energy density of PVDF based composites. The high anisotropic ratios of 2D fillers limit the charge migration toward the electrodes and hold back the growing electric tree during breakdown. Consequently, high breakdown strength (430 MV/m) and high discharge energy density (13.9 J/cm3) for 2D PLZT/PVDF composite films were obtained. This work is of critical significance in making dielectric capacitors for energy storage devices and reveals the influence mechanism for different dimensions fillers on the dielectric and energy storage properties of PVDF based composites.
Ordered Double Transition Metal MXenes
Authors: Venkateshalu Sandhya , Tomboc Gracita M. , Kim Byeongyoon , Li Jinghong , Lee Kwangyeol 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSince the discovery of MXenes, research has progressed tremendously to explore MXenes with new compositions apart from the conventional Ti3C2Tx. Recently, the MXene family further expanded with the discovery of ordered double transition metal MXenes, wherein the metal sites are occupied by two different transition metals, which can be arranged in‐plane or out‐of‐plane forming i‐MXenes or o‐MXenes, respectively. The feature of optimizing the properties of ordered double transition metal MXenes by precise engineering of the composition, number of metal layers, interlayer spacing, and surface functionalities is distinctive among the existing 2D materials. This review provides a brief overview of the theoretical and experimental studies on the ordered double transition metal MXenes to elucidate its structure and properties. In addition, the recent trends in the synthesis and the effects of fine‐tuning the composition, structure, and functional groups on their electrochemical performance are elaborated. The current challenges faced by these emerging MXenes and future research directions are also proposed.
An unusual location of solitary fibrous tumor in heart—A case report and review of literature
Authors: Fain Kristen , Parmar Kanak , Sharma Meenu , Horn Robert , Sethi Pooja 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundSolitary fibrous tumor (SFT) are rare spindle cell tumors originating from the mesenchymal cells mostly from the visceral pleura. SFT was first described as a distinct entity in 1931 by Klemperer et al. Until now, we have limited data regarding the manifestation and behavior of extra pleural forms such as cardiac SFT. Here we present a case of SFT involving the pericardium where the diagnosis was made by imaging followed by biopsy findings. We also review the literature of SFT involving the heart and the management approaches.Case PresentationAn 81‐year‐old male presented with progressive dyspnea. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed a 6.2 × 5.3 cm soft tissue mass in the anterior mediastinum. Further imaging with CT angiogram showed a stalk‐like connection to the pericardium. A biopsy of the mass showed spindle cells positive for BCL‐2, CD34, and STAT 6, indicative of a solitary fibrous tumor. A surveillance approach was adopted for the patient.ConclusionPrimary pericardial tumors are exceedingly rare, with a prevalence rate of 0.001%‐0.007%. Diagnosing a SFT requires a positive CD34 and BCL‐2 marker. The current recommendation is resection of localized disease which has been documented to be curative in cases of benign disease however our patient was put on surveillance.
A Quantum‐chemical Analysis on the Lewis Acidity of Diarylhalonium Ions
Authors: Robidas Raphaël , Reinhard Dominik L. , Huber Stefan M. , Legault Claude Y. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCyclic diaryliodonium compounds like iodolium derivatives have increasingly found use as noncovalent Lewis acids in the last years. They are more stable toward nucleophilic substitution than acyclic systems and are markedly more Lewis acidic. Herein, this higher Lewis acidity is analyzed and explained via quantum‐chemical calculations and energy decomposition analyses. Its key origin is the change in energy levels and hybridization of iodine's orbitals, leading to both more favorable electrostatic interaction and better charge transfer. Both of the latter seem to contribute in similar fashion, while hydrogen bonding as well as steric repulsion with the phenyl rings play at best a minor role. In comparison to iodolium, bromolium and chlorolium are less Lewis acidic the lighter the halogen, which is predominantly based on less favorable charge‐transfer interactions.
Recent Advancements in Devising Computational Strategies for Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Das Sandeep , Manna Surya Sekhar , Pathak Biswarup 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDual‐ion batteries (DIBs) have been considered a viable alternative to increasingly costly and hazard‐prone lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), which have reached a level of saturation. DIBs differ from LIBs in the way that the cations and anions originate from the electrolyte, thus signifying the active role played by electrolyte. In this Review, the major developments in research in the field of DIBs are summarized with a major emphasis on computational approaches in this direction. The various computational methods for understanding and designing electrodes are discussed. The advancements in electrode and electrolyte design for efficient DIBs are highlighted. Further, the ways to investigate solid–electrolyte interphase formation through simulations to comprehend the role of various components are discussed. Finally, directions are given on which future computational research can be carried out to design futuristic DIBs to provide useful guidelines to the researchers to understand and design DIBs.
Hetero‐Coupling of Bio‐Based Medium‐Chain Carboxylic Acids by Kolbe Electrolysis Enables High Fuel Yield and Efficiency
Authors: Neubert Katharina , Hell Max , Chávez Morejón Micjel , Harnisch Falk 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMixtures of n‐carboxylic acids (n‐CA) as derived from microbial conversion of waste biomass were converted to bio‐fuel using Kolbe electrolysis. While providing full carbon and electron balances, key parameters like electrolysis time, chain length of n‐CA, and pH were investigated for their influence on reaction efficiency. Electrolysis of n‐hexanoic acid showed the highest coulombic efficiency (CE) of 58.9±16.4 % (n=4) for liquid fuel production among individually tested n‐CA. Duration of the electrolysis was varied within a range of 0.27 to 1.02 faraday equivalents without loss of efficiency. Noteworthy, CE increased to around 70 % by hetero‐coupling when electrolysing n‐CA mixtures regardless of the applied pH. Thus, 1 L of fuel could be produced from 12.4 mol of n‐CA mixture using 5.02 kWh (<1 € L−1). Thus, a coupling with microbial processes producing n‐CA mixtures from different organic substrates and waste is more than promising.
Timing of a plant–herbivore interaction alters plant growth and reproduction
Authors: Rasmussen Nick L. , Yang Louie H. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPhenological shifts have the potential to change species interactions, but relatively few studies have used experimental manipulations to examine the effects of variation in timing of an interspecific interaction across a series of life stages of a species. Although previous experimental studies have examined the consequences of phenological timing in plant–herbivore interactions for both plants and their herbivores, less is known about their effects on subsequent plant reproduction. Here, we conducted an experiment to determine how shifts in the phenological timing of monarch (Danaus plexippus) larval herbivory affected milkweed (Asclepias fascicularis) host plant performance, including effects on growth and subsequent effects on flower and seed pod phenology and production. We found that variation in the timing of herbivory affected both plant growth and reproduction, with measurable effects several weeks to several months after herbivory ended. The timing of herbivory had qualitatively different effects on vegetative and reproductive biomass: early‐season herbivory had the strongest effects on plant size, whereas late‐season herbivory had the strongest effects on the production of viable seeds. These results show that phenological shifts in herbivory can have persistent and qualitatively different effects on different life stages across the season.
Soft, environmentally degradable microfluidic devices for measurement of sweat rate and total sweat loss and for colorimetric analysis of sweat biomarkers
Authors: Liu Shanliangzi , Yang Da Som , Wang Shaotang , Luan Haiwen , Sekine Yurina , Model Jeffrey B. , Aranyosi Alexander J. , Ghaffari Roozbeh , Rogers John A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdvanced capabilities in noninvasive, in situ monitoring of parameters related to sweat serve as the basis for obtaining real‐time insights into human physiological state, health, and performance. Although recently reported classes of soft, skin‐interfaced microfluidic systems support powerful functions in this context, most are designed as single‐use disposables. As a result, associated waste streams have the potential to create adverse environmental impacts. Here, we introduce materials and fabrication techniques that bypass these concerns through biodegradable microfluidic systems with a full range of features, including measurement of sweat rate and total loss, and colorimetric analysis of biomarkers. The key components fully degrade through the enzymatic action of microorganisms in natural soil environments, or in industrial compost facilities, to yield end products with beneficial uses as fertilizers and species to improve soil health. Detailed characterization of the constituent materials, the fabrication procedures, the assembly processes, and the completed devices reveal a set of essential performance parameters that are comparable to, or even better than, those of non‐degradable counterparts. Human subject studies illustrate the ability of these devices to acquire accurate measurements of sweat loss, sweat rate, pH, and chloride concentration during physical activities and thermal exposures.image
Carbonization‐free wood electrode with MXene‐reconstructed porous structure for all‐wood eco‐supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Weimin , Yang Kai , Luo Min , Zhang Daotong , Li Zhao , Liu Chaozheng , Zhou Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTo bypass the conventional high temperature carbonization, MXene with an ultra‐high electrical conductivity and good electrochemical activity is coated on natural wood to make it a free‐standing electrode (TW). TW achieves a high electrical conductivity of 106.4 S m−1 and large capacitance of ~700 mF cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, to overcome the low space utilization of the oversized vessels in wood which leads to a low energy density, a reconstructing strategy is used on TW to fully use the natural porous structure of wood by filling MXene aerogels in vessels. Compared with TW, the MXene aerogel‐loaded TW shows higher electrical conductivity of 323.6 S m−1 and capacitance of 930 mF cm−2 with remarkably high rate capability of 88.2% (0.5–10 mA cm−2). Additionally, an all‐wood eco‐supercapacitor is fabricated, and achieves a high energy density of 23 μW h cm−2 at 577 μW cm−2.image
Seismic collapse capacity and dispersion spectra for self‐centering braced frames considering uncertainty propagation
Authors: Chen Junbai , Wang Wei , Fang Cheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the development and application of seismic collapse capacity and dispersion spectra for self‐centering (SC) systems considering uncertainty propagation. A methodology for uncertainty evaluation is proposed to investigate the influence of material‐to‐system uncertainty on the collapse capacity of SC systems. The probability distributions and the correlation of SC system parameters are derived from statistical data obtained via generating non‐deterministic structural models and performing static push‐over and push‐pull analysis. Based on the uncertainty analysis, the influences of system hysteretic parameters, P‐Δ effect and near‐fault ground motions on the collapse capacity of SC systems are comprehensively investigated. Aided by an extensive parametric study on single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems, predominant factors controlling the collapse capacity of SC systems are revealed. The total dispersion of collapse capacity stemming from various sources including the record‐to‐record (RTR) variability and uncertainty in hysteretic parameters is subsequently quantified. Different definitions of RTR variability are discussed, highlighting the necessity of utilizing the RTR variability involving collapse state. The contribution of RTR variability and the uncertainty in hysteretic parameters are then evaluated by the first‐order second‐moment (FOSM) approach. Furthermore, the design collapse capacity spectra and design dispersion spectra, are developed. The results indicate that the design spectra are capable of estimating the collapse capacity of SC systems, and provide an easy‐to‐use quantification tool for probabilistic seismic assessment.
De novo large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: A case report and literature review
Authors: Fukagawa Eri , Yuasa Takeshi , Inamura Kentaro , Hamada Kosuke , Fujiwara Motohiro , Komai Yoshinobu , Yonese Junji 
Published: August 2022

IntroductionProstatic large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is poorly studied. Although several case reports are available, information on the clinicopathological characteristics of this disease is limited, particularly for the de novo (hormone‐naive) type. Herein, we report an extremely rare de novo case of this disease with a good prognosis despite a multi‐metastatic status.Case presentationAn 83‐year‐old male patient presented with a high serum prostate‐specific antigen level and was found to have de novo prostatic large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with an adenocarcinoma component upon pathological examination. Diagnosed with stage pT4cN1cM1c, he underwent chemo‐hormonal therapy using a luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone antagonist and combined etoposide and cisplatin, which achieved a partial response. The patient has survived for 20 months without progression.ConclusionAlthough prostatic large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is known for its aggressive clinical behavior, the de novo type with an adenocarcinoma component may be sensitive to hormonal therapy and achieve a good prognosis.
Modelling flood susceptibility in northern Iran: Application of five well‐known machine‐learning models
Authors: Kohansarbaz Ashkan , Kohansarbaz Afshin , Shabanlou Saeid , Yosefvand Fariborz , Rajabi Ahmad 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFloods have become known as the most devastating natural hazard during the past decade. The primary objectives of the current work are to employ five well‐known machine‐learning algorithms, including the boosted regression tree (BRT), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), generalized additive model (GAM), and generalized linear models (GLM), as intelligent methods and compare their proficiency in mapping the occurrence of flood hazards in the Saliantapeh basin, Golestan province, Iran, with an area of 4515.47 km2. Initially, 71 flood points are depicted to create a flood database map. Three data sets (i.e., ds1, ds2, and ds3) with a sample size of 30:70 are prepared using the random partitioning technique for evaluating the structure and accuracy of the models. Moreover, to model the flood potential, 16 conditioning factors related to floods (FCFs) are chosen as predictors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) specifies the predictive model's ability to properly forecast flood event occurrence or nonflood occurrence. The applied models are executed properly both in predictive skill (area under the curve [AUC] value greater than 0.90) and in the degree of fitting (DOF), which results in valid predictions. In other words, the RF model displays better performance compared to other models for flood hazard prediction. It not only displays the best proficiency basis on the AUC approach but also provides the results of robust predictions once the data sets are varied. Moreover, by varying the learning and validation flood points, the performance of the RF method for modelling the flood occurrence is entirely stable. Therefore, this model should be investigated as an appropriate technique in other flood studies because it is able to generate robust and accurate flood potential maps for researchers, local governments, and planners in flood reduction strategies.
Human milk extracellular vesicles preserve bronchial epithelial barrier integrity and reduce TLR3‐induced inflammation in vitro
Authors: Karra Nikita , Van Herwijnen Martijn J. C. , Wauben Marca H. M. , Swindle Emily Jane , Morgan Hywel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBreast milk is essential for facilitating the growth and development of infants and for providing immune protection against viral infections in the infant's airways. Yet, regulation of inflammation by milk components may be needed to reduce immune pathology. While milk‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bestowed with immunomodulatory capacities, their role in bronchial epithelial barrier function and inflammation has not yet been examined. We hypothesised that during feeding, milk is not only ingested, but aerosols containing milk EVs are inhaled and locally delivered to the infant's airways to suppress aberrant inflammation. A bronchial epithelial model of viral infection was used to explore the direct effect of milk EVs on cellular barrier function and cytokine release during stimulation with a viral dsRNA analogue (Poly I:C). We demonstrate that milk EVs improved the dsRNA‐mediated decrease in ionic barrier integrity, limited tight junction reorganisation and reduced inflammatory cytokine production (IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α). This protective response was EV‐mediated, could be successfully titrated and exhibited a time‐dependent response. The results indicate that if EV‐containing milk aerosols are inhaled during feeding, this may lead to protection of the airway integrity from adverse inflammatory effects.
Characterising extracellular vesicles from individual low volume cerebrospinal fluid samples, isolated by SmartSEC
Authors: Hirschberg Yael , Boonen Kurt , Schildermans Karin , van Dam Annemieke , Pintelon Isabel , Vandendriessche Charysse , Velimirovic Milica , Jacobs An , Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E. , Nelissen Inge , Vermeiren Yannick , Mertens Inge 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are suggested to have a role in the progression of neurodegeneration, and are able to transmit pathological proteins from one cell to another. One of the biofluids from which EVs can be isolated is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, so far, few studies have been performed on small volumes of CSF. Since pooling of patient samples possibly leads to the loss of essential individual patient information, and CSF samples are precious, it is important to have efficient techniques for the isolation of EVs from smaller volumes. In this study, the SmartSEC HT isolation kit from System Biosciences has been evaluated for this purpose. The SmartSEC HT isolation kit was used for isolation of EVs from 500 μL starting volumes of CSF, resulting in two possible EV fractions of 500 μL. Both fractions were characterised and compared to one another using a whole range of characterisation techniques. Results indicated the presence of EVs in both fractions, albeit fraction 1 showed more reproducible results over the different characterisation methods. For example, CMG (CellMask Green membrane stain) fluorescence nanotracking analysis (NTA), ExoView, and the particles/μg ratio demonstrated a clear difference between fraction 1 and 2, where fraction 1 came out as the one where most EVs were eluted with the least contamination. In the other methods, this difference was less noticeable.We successfully performed complementary characterisation tests using only 500 μL of CSF starting volume, and, conclude that fraction 1 consisted of sufficiently pure EVs for further biomarker studies. This means that future EV extractions may be based upon smaller CSF quantities, such as from individual patients. In that way, patient samples do not have to be pooled and individual patient information can be included in forthcoming studies, potentially linking EV content, size and distribution to individualised neurological diagnoses.
Animal models for studies of HIV-1 brain reservoirs
Authors: Waight Emiko , Zhang Chen , Mathews Saumi , Kevadiya Bhavesh D , Lloyd K C Kent , Gendelman Howard E , Gorantla Santhi , Poluektova Larisa Y , Dash Prasanta K 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe HIV-1 often evades a robust antiretroviral-mediated immune response, leading to persistent infection within anatomically privileged sites including the CNS. Continuous low-level infection occurs in the presence of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) in CD4+ T cells and mononuclear phagocytes (MP; monocytes, macrophages, microglia, and dendritic cells). Within the CNS, productive viral infection is found exclusively in microglia and meningeal, perivascular, and choroidal macrophages. MPs serve as the principal viral CNS reservoir. Animal models have been developed to recapitulate natural human HIV-1 infection. These include nonhuman primates, humanized mice, EcoHIV, and transgenic rodent models. These models have been used to study disease pathobiology, antiretroviral and immune modulatory agents, viral reservoirs, and eradication strategies. However, each of these models are limited to specific component(s) of human disease. Indeed, HIV-1 species specificity must drive therapeutic and cure studies. These have been studied in several model systems reflective of latent infections, specifically in MP (myeloid, monocyte, macrophages, microglia, and histiocyte cell) populations. Therefore, additional small animal models that allow productive viral replication to enable viral carriage into the brain and the virus-susceptible MPs are needed. To this end, this review serves to outline animal models currently available to study myeloid brain reservoirs and highlight areas that are lacking and require future research to more effectively study disease-specific events that could be useful for viral eradication studies both in and outside the CNS.