bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framing the hydrothermal significance of water-based hybrid nanofluid flow over a revolving disk
Authors: Algehyne Ebrahem A. , Alduais Fuad S. , Saeed Anwar , Dawar Abdullah , Ramzan Muhammad , Kumam Poom 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this article, the authors have presented the MHD hybrid nanoliquid flow comprised of CuO and Ag nanoparticles (nps) over a rotating disk under the effects of thermophoresis, Brownian motion, activation energy, heat source and chemical reaction. The flow is considered over a spinning disc with convective conditions. The proposed model is solved with the help of HAM. The convergence of the HAM is also shown in order to verify the convergence of the modeled problem. The effects of embedded parameters on the velocity, energy and mass profiles of the magnetohydrodynamic flow of hybrid nanoliquid are shown with the help of Figures. Also, the effects of embedded parameters on skin friction, heat and mass transfer rate are calculated with the help of Tables. The results showed that the velocity and energy profiles are augmented with the increasing solid volume fraction. The increasing magnetic parameter reduces both the radial and tangential velocities of the hybrid nanofluid flow. The increasing effects of heat source, thermophoresis and Brownian motion factors on energy profiles are found. The increasing influence of thermophoresis and activation energy factors on concentration profile of the hybrid nanofluid flow is found, while the increasing Brownian motion, chemical reaction and Schmidt number reduce the concentration profile.
DLP in semigroups: Algorithms and lower bounds
Authors: Han Jiao , Zhuang Jincheng 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The discrete logarithm problem (DLP) in semigroups has attracted some interests and serves as the foundation of many cryptographic schemes. In this work, we study algorithms and lower bounds for DLP in semigroups. First, we propose a variant of the deterministic algorithm for solving the cycle length of torsion elements and show the lower bound of computing the DLP in a semigroup. Then, we propose an algorithm for solving the multiple discrete logarithm (MDL) problem in the semigroup and give the lower bound for solving the MDL problem by considering the MDL problem in the generic semigroup model. Besides, we solve the multidimensional DLP and product DLP in the semigroup.
Generalized 4-connectivity of hierarchical star networks
Authors: Wang Junzhen , Zou Jinyu , Zhang Shumin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The connectivity is an important measurement for the fault-tolerance of a network. The generalized connectivity is a natural generalization of the classical connectivity. An

S

S

-tree of a connected graph

G

G

is a tree

T
=

(

V
′
,
E
′

)

T=\left(V^{\prime} ,E^{\prime} )

that contains all the vertices in

S

S

subject to

S
⊆
V

(

G

)

S\subseteq V\left(G)

. Two

S

S

-trees

T

T

and

T
′

T^{\prime}

are internally disjoint if and only if

E

(

T

)

∩
E

(

T
′

)

=
∅

E\left(T)\cap E\left(T^{\prime} )=\varnothing

and

V

(

T

)

∩
V

(

T
′

)

=
S

V\left(T)\cap V\left(T^{\prime} )=S

. Denote by

κ

(

S

)

\kappa \left(S)

the maximum number of internally disjoint

S

S

-trees in graph

G

G

. The generalized

k

k

-connectivity is defined as

κ

k

(

G

)

=
min

{

κ

(

S

)

∣
S
⊆
V

(

G

)

and

∣
S
∣

=

k

}

{\kappa }_{k}\left(G)=\min \left\{\kappa \left(S)| S\subseteq V\left(G)\hspace{0.33em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{and}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}| S| \hspace{0.33em}=\hspace{0.33em}k\right\}

. Clearly,

κ

2

(

G

)

=
κ

(

G

)

{\kappa }_{2}\left(G)=\kappa \left(G)

. In this article, we show that

κ

4

(

H

S

n

)

=
n
−
1

{\kappa }_{4}\left(H{S}_{n})=n-1

, where

H

S

n

H{S}_{n}

is the hierarchical star network.
Transaktionsgebühren der Blockchain
Authors: Denga Michael 
Published: October 2022

Zusammenfassung
Im rechtswissenschaftlichen wie regulatorischen Diskurs um Blockchain-Plattformen werden bislang die wertbildenden Faktoren für Kryptowährungen vernachlässigt. Hier sollen – insbesondere am Beispiel von Ethereum – die Gebühren für Blockchain-Transaktionen untersucht werden. Ihre Bedeutung ist kaum hoch genug einzuschätzen, denn sie determinieren die Attraktivität von Blockchain-Ökosystemen, können zu Lock-In-Effekten für Anlagen führen und sind Treiber von (Umgehungs-)Innovation. Transaktionsgebühren sind in den Protokollen von Blockchain-Systemen niedergelegt, für die auf das klassische IT-rechtliche Axiom von Lessig zurückgegriffen wird – Code is Law. Eine genaue Analyse des Zustandekommens von Blockchain-Protokollen zeigt allerdings, dass die technologieenthusiastischen Narrative der Blockchain strikt an der Grenze ihrer Programmierung enden. Der Code von Blockchains ist nicht „unveränderlich“ oder „rein technisch“, er ist hochpolitisch und häufig von monetären Interessen geprägt. Protokolländerungen entstehen durch Updates in informellen Strukturen, in denen Charisma sowie ökonomischer Druck maßgeblich sind und die durchaus zentralistische Züge tragen. Daher sind Belange des Schwächeren- und Minderheitenschutzes auf den Plan gerufen; das Problem der Transaktionsgebühren soll in diesem Beitrag mit den Lösungen des Kapitalmarktrechts sowie auch des AGB- und Gesellschaftsrechts abgeglichen werden. Am Ende steht der Appell für eine tatsachengebundene Einordnung von Blockchain-Systemen als menschlich determinierte, verantwortlich geführte Systeme. Zudem empfiehlt sich eine regulatorische Reflexion der Funktionsbedingungen von Blockchains als Infrastruktur.
PROFILE OF SCHOOL READINESS IN APPLYING STEM (SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, MATHEMATIC) EDUCATION
Authors: Herlanti Yanti , Amalia Usawatun , Nurlaela Ai 
Published: October 2022

STEM knowledge and skills are needed by students in order to survive in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. This study aims to determine the level of readiness of public high schools in Bogor City in implementing STEM education. Descriptive research with survey method with stratified sample selection. The number of samples is three principals, nine science teachers, and 75 students. The research instrument was in the form of a questionnaire assessing readiness from aspects of the curriculum, supporting extracurriculars, admission selection, and STEM supporting facilities as well as students' interest in STEM. Data analysis uses a modified readiness score according to Aydin & Tascy (2005). The findings of the study show that public high schools in the city of Bogor are ready to implement STEM education. Readiness to apply STEM education is shown by the Principal. Students also showed readiness to apply STEM education, but needed a little improvement. As for the teacher, it shows unpreparedness and needs improvement.PROFIL KESIAPAN SEKOLAH SMA NEGERI KOTA BOGOR DALAM MENERAPKAN PENDIDIKAN STEM (SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, MATHEMATIC)AbstrakPengetahuan dan keterampilan STEM diperlukan peserta didik agar dapat bertahan pada era revolusi industry 4.0. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesiapan sekolah SMA Negeri di Kota Bogor dalam menerapkan pendidikan STEM. Penelitian deskriptif dengan metode survei dengan pemilihan sampel secara stratafikasi. Jumlah sampel adalah tiga orang kepala sekolah, sembilan orang guru Sains, dan 75 orang peserta didik. Instrumen penelitian berupa angket menilai kesiapan dari aspek kurikulum, ekstrakuler penunjang, seleksi masuk, dan fasilitas penunjang STEM serta minat peserta didik terhadap STEM. Analisis data menggunakan skor kesiapan menurut Aydin & Tascy (2005) yang telah dimodifikasi. Temuan penelitian menunjukan SMA Negeri di Kota Bogor siap menerapkan pendidikan STEM. Kesiapan penerapan pendidikan STEM ditunjukkan oleh Kepala Sekolah. Peserta didik pun menunjukkan kesiapan penerapan pendidikan STEM, namun perlu sedikit peningkatan. Adapun dari guru, menunjukkan ketidaksiapan dan perlu peningkatan.How To Cite: Yanti, H., Amalia, U., Nurlela, A. (2022). Profil Kesiapan Sekolah Sma Negeri Kota Bogor Dalam Menerapkan Pendidikan Stem (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematic). EDUSAINS, 14 (1) : 14-23.
Anatomical Evidence for Parasympathetic Innervation of the Renal Vasculature and Pelvis
Authors: Cheng Xiaofeng , Zhang Yongsheng , Chen Ruixi , Qian Shenghui , Lv Haijun , Liu Xiuli , Zeng Shaoqun 
Published: October 2022

Significance Statement
The kidneys critically contribute to body homeostasis under the control of the autonomic nervous system. Although the cholinergic effects on renal function have been widely confirmed, there is still lack of evidence for the cholinergic innervation of the kidney. Using a genetically modified mouse model and immunostaining, the authors found evidence suggesting that cholinergic nerves supply the main renal artery, segmental renal artery, and renal pelvis. They also found expression of acetylcholine receptors in the renal artery and its segmental branches. This anatomical evidence for parasympathetic innervation of the kidney may suggest new avenues for investigation into interventional strategies for refractory hypertension, renal innervation mechanisms, and other neuroendocrine diseases associated with renal dysfunction.

Background
The kidneys critically contribute to body homeostasis under the control of the autonomic nerves, which enter the kidney along the renal vasculature. Although the renal sympathetic and sensory nerves have long been confirmed, no significant anatomic evidence exists for renal parasympathetic innervation.

Methods
We identified cholinergic nerve varicosities associated with the renal vasculature and pelvis using various anatomic research methods, including a genetically modified mouse model and immunostaining. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) was used to analyze the expression of AChRs in the renal artery and its segmental branches. To assess the origins of parasympathetic projecting nerves of the kidney, we performed retrograde tracing using recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV), followed by imaging of whole brains, spinal cords, and ganglia.

Results
We found that cholinergic axons supply the main renal artery, segmental renal artery, and renal pelvis. On the renal artery, the newly discovered cholinergic nerve fibers are separated not only from the sympathetic nerves but also from the sensory nerves. We also found cholinergic ganglion cells within the renal nerve plexus. Moreover, the scRNA-Seq analysis suggested that acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are expressed in the renal artery and its segmental branches. In addition, retrograde tracing suggested vagus afferents conduct the renal sensory pathway to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), and vagus efferents project to the kidney.

Conclusions
Cholinergic nerves supply renal vasculature and renal pelvis, and a vagal brain-kidney axis is involved in renal innervation.
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) hibrit HBH ırkının ayçiçeği çayır tırtılı, Loxostege sticticalis L., 1761 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’e karşı biyolojik mücadele potansiyeli
Authors: DEDE Emre , BÜTÜNER Alperen Kaan , SUSURLUK Alper 
Published: October 2022

Pestisit kullanımının sınırlandırılması ile birlikte buna alternatif olan biyolojik mücadele giderek daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu nedenle, 2022 yılında Türkiye'de ayçiçeği tarlalarında ayçiçeği yetiştirilen tarım alanlarında istilaya neden olan çayır tırtılı, Loxostege sticticalis L., 1761 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) zararlısına karşı EPN'lerin potansiyel olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) hibrit ırkı HBH kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma 2022 yılında Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Nematoloji Laboratuvarı’nda yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada 4 farklı nematod dozu (2, 5, 10 ve 20 IJs), böceğin son dönem larvası üzerine üç farklı sıcaklıkta (20, 25 ve 30°C) uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, en yüksek ölüm oranı %97 olarak 20 IJs doz nematod yoğunluğunda 30°C’de elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, HBH hibrit ırkının LD50 ve LD90 değerleri uygulamada kullanılan tüm sıcaklık değerlerinde belirlenmiştir. En etkili LD50 ve LD90 değeri sırasıyla 4.37 ve 11.0 IJs olarak 30°C’de gözlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, bu HBH ırkın L. sticticalis’ye karşı potansiyel bir ajan olabileceğini göstermiştir.
A parallel implementation on a multi-core architecture of a dynamic programming algorithm applied in cognitive radio ad hoc networks
Authors: Benmammar Badr , Benmouna Youcef , Amraoui Asma , Krief Francine 
Published: October 2022

Spectral resources allocation is a major problem in cognitive radio ad hoc networks and currently most of the research papers use meta-heuristics to solve it. On the other side, the term parallelism refers to techniques to make programs faster by performing several computations in parallel. Parallelism would be very interesting to increase the performance of real-time systems, especially for the cognitive radio ad hoc networks that interest us in this work. In this paper, we present a parallel implementation on a multi-core architecture of dynamic programming algorithm applied in cognitive radio ad hoc networks. Our simulations approve the desired results, showing significant gain in terms of execution time. The main objective is to allow a cognitive engine to use an exact method and to have better results compared to the use of meta-heuristics.
Herbicide mixtures for post-emergence control of horseweed in coffee interrow
Authors: Bornelli Breno Ribeiro , Ferreira Chayenne de Lira , Ferreira Carlos Henrique de Sousa , Carvalho Saul Jorge Pinto de 
Published: October 2022

Glyphosate-resistant biotypes of horseweed (Conyza spp.) have been a constant problematic for coffee growers all over Brazil. Therefore, this work was developed with the objective of evaluating efficacy of different herbicides, applied isolated or in mixture, for horseweed control in coffee plantation interrows. A field trial was performed with the following treatments (g ha-1): glyphosate at 925, glufosinate-ammonium (GA) at 500, saflufenacil at 49, flumioxazin at 50, glyphosate + GA (925 + 500), glyphosate + saflufenacil (925 + 49), glyphosate + flumioxazin (925 + 50), GA + saflufenacil (500 + 49), GA + flumioxazin (500 + 50) and glyphosate + saflufenacil + clethodim (925 + 49 + 108), besides check plots without herbicide application. The treatment with clethodim was included considering a possible concomitant presence of sourgrass (Digitaria insularis (L) Fedde) in the areas. At the moment of herbicide application, horseweed was 40 cm tall in pre-flowering. Percent control was evaluated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application (DAA), as well as mass of dry matter at 28 DAA. In general, adequate control of horseweed was obtained with glufosinate-ammonium applications, isolated or in mixture with glyphosate, saflufenacil or flumioxazin. Mixture of glyphosate and saflufenacil has also reached high control of horseweed infestation, without difference to GA treatments. As conclusion, horseweed infestations in coffee interrow may be efficiently controlled with tank mixtures of herbicide.
Recognition of arable soils from photographs obtained as part of crowdsourcing technologies
Authors: Prudnikova E. Yu. , Savin I. Yu. , Vindeker G. V. 
Published: October 2022

The study focuses on the possibilities of using photographs obtained using crowdsourcing technologies for the operational inventory of arable soils. The object of the study is the spectral reflectance of the open surface of arable soils of the test plots, measured using a HandHeld-2 spectroradiometer operating in the range of 325–1 075 nm, and their image in photographs taken with conventional cameras. Test sites are located in the Tula, Moscow and Tver regions. The soils of the test plots are sod-podzolic, gray forest, and leached chernozems. Based on the analysis of photographs of the surface and information obtained using a spectroradiometer, a set of spectral parameters in the RGB, YMC and HSI color systems, as well as their ratios (45 parameters), was calculated. These parameters were used to separate the analyzed soil types using classification trees. The accuracy of classification based on the results of validation varies from 63–100%. At the same time, the parameters of the HSI and YMC color systems turned out to be more informative than the parameters of the RGB color system. The established classification rules can later be used to determine the classification position of soils from images collected using crowdsourcing technologies.
Features of the attitude to vaccination against COVID-19 in Russia
Authors: Galkin S. A. , Naidenko D. G. , Kornetov A. N. , Goiko V. L. , Myagkov M. G. 
Published: October 2022

Background. 1.5 years after the registration of the first vaccine against COVID-19 in Russia, national herd immunity reached only 49.7%. It is obvious that the success of vaccination measures depends on the readiness of the population for immunization and their attitude to the vaccine.The aim of the study was to research the attitude to vaccination against a new coronavirus infection among various socio-demographic population groups in Russia.Materials and methods. The study was conducted online by distributing via social networks a direct link to an electronic form with questions about the attitude to the COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination. A total of 2,786 people (of whom 66.9% were women) aged 16 to 77 years took part in the online survey.Results. It was shown that distrust of vaccination was more often expressed by women and younger people. A targeted approach to these population groups can improve the results of awareness-raising and preventive measures in the context of an ongoing pandemic.
Сalprotectin in the blood plasma as a new biomarker for assessing the activity of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Korolkova A. A. , Khizha V. V. , Kozlova D. I. , Maslyanskiy A. L. , Vavilova T. V. 
Published: October 2022

Aim. To study the potential use and information value of calprotectin in the blood plasma as a new biomarker for determining the activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Materials and methods. The study included 113 people. The treatment group consisted of 79 patients diagnosed with RA; the average age was 58 (± 11.66) years, the median duration of the disease was 10 [6; 15] years. The control group encompassed 34 healthy volunteers; the average age was 40 (± 11.14) years. RA activity was determined according to the Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28 and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI). The concentration of calprotectin in the blood plasma was determined by the solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The obtained results were compared with laboratory and clinical parameters, as well as with composite indices (DAS28, CDAI) of RA activity. For mathematical data processing, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, linear discriminant analysis, and ROC analysis were used.Results. In the group of patients with RA, the level of calprotectin in the blood was higher than in the control group. A statistically significant relationship was revealed between the level of calprotectin in the blood and all standard parameters of RA activity. The ROC analysis showed that the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy in assessing articular syndrome, as well as moderate and high RA activity according to the composite indices DAS28 and CDAI were higher for calprotectin than for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The linear discriminant analysis showed that a combination of ESR and calprotectin levels was the most informative; following it, the probability of correct classification of RA activity, according to the DAS28 index, was 71%. For the CDAI index, only one marker, calprotectin, resulted in a statistically significant classification with a probability of 70.5 %.Conclusion. Сalprotectin in the blood plasma is a promising laboratory biomarker for assessing synovitis activity in RA demonstrating higher accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity than traditional acute-phase reactants.
High power selective laser melting of crack sensitive nickel-base alloy CM247LC, including dimensional analysis and modelling
Authors: Gerstgrasser Marcel , Cloots Michael , Jakob Raphael , Stirnimann Josef , Wegener Konrad 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
High power parameters with increased scan velocities and beam diameters are investigated, to decrease the production time for crack sensitive alloy CM247LC. Results are compared to crack-free reference LPBF-samples in the low power range. The re-scaling approach for the high power range is based on the constant maximum laser intensity from the reference parameters in the low power range. While keeping the laser power to scan velocity ratio constant, the re-scaling approach, also called “intensity approach”, provides an initial estimation for the laser spot size in the high power range. The investigated cracks from the high power range are identified as “re-melting cracks”. Solidification or hot cracks are not observed, since the crack healing effect for those kinds of cracks still occurs. Furthermore, a melt pool depth range is discovered, where not only solidification cracks can be avoided, but also re-melting cracks, which are resulting from higher laser power inputs. This theory can be proven by further laser spot size optimization, where the melt pool depth comes closer to the mentioned range. The Archimedean density and crack density results, in case of the 600 W power parameter with 2400 mm/s scan velocity and a beam diameter of 164 µm, are close to the one obtained from the reference samples, based on 200 W. With the intensity approach and laser beam diameter optimization, the production time can be reduced by 300%. Based on dimensional analysis, a model, which combines the samples density with the crack density through the melt pool depth, is presented. Six main and two additional process and laser parameters are taken into relation. The result from the model and the measured values from experiments are in agreement. Additionally, the influence of the doubled layer thickness and an increased hatch distance by 50% with varying scan velocities on the Archimedean density and crack density is analysed.