bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome‐wide association study identifies PSMB9 as a susceptibility gene for coal workers' pneumoconiosis
Authors: Yuan Jiali , Wang Ting , Wang Lijuan , Li Ping , Shen Hongbing , Mo Yiqun , Zhang Qunwei , Ni Chunhui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCoal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is a type of typical occupational lung disease caused by prolonged inhalation of coal mine dust. The individuals' different genetic background may underlie their different susceptibility to develop pneumoconiosis, even under the same exposure level. This study aimed to identify susceptibility genes associated with CWP. Based on our previous genome‐wide association study (GWAS, 202 CWP cases vs. 198 controls) and gene expression data obtained by analyzing human lungs and whole blood from the Genotype‐Tissue Expression (GTEx) Portal, a transcriptome‐wide association study (TWAS) was applied to identify CWP risk‐related genes. Luciferase report gene assay, qRT‐PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence assay, and TUNEL assay were conducted to explore the potential role of the candidate gene in CWP. Proteasome 20S subunit beta 9 (PSMB9) was identified as a strong risk‐related gene of CWP in both lungs and whole blood (Lungs: PTWAS = 4.22 × 10−4; Whole blood: PTWAS = 2.11 × 10−4). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2071480 and rs1351383, which locate in the promoter region and the first intron of the PSMB9 gene, were in high linkage disequilibrium (LD, r2 = 0.98) with the best GWAS SNP rs4713600 (G>T, OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.42–0.74, P = 6.86 × 10−5). Both rs2071480 and rs1351383 significantly enhanced the transcriptional activity of PSMB9. Functional experiments revealed that silica exposure remarkably reduced the PSMB9 expression and caused cell apoptosis, while overexpression of PSMB9 markedly abolished silica‐induced cell apoptosis. We here identified PSMB9 as a novel susceptibility gene for CWP and provided important insights into the further exploration of the CWP pathogenesis.
Military Behavioral Sciences: An Introduction
Authors: Goldenberg Irina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides an introduction to the Military Behavioral Sciences section of the Handbook of Military Sciences. The importance of this domain and its contributions to understanding the armed forces, and military personnel in particular, is underscored. This is followed by a discussion of the breadth of the field of military behavioral sciences, the main research topics of focus, as well as the disciplines most often applied to study them. The evolution of this field of study is outlined, along with the main stakeholders engaged in this research, including academia, military and governmental scholars, think tanks, and others. The chapter concludes by offering some thoughts on the future of military behavioral sciences.
Electricity Consumption in Working-Class Districts: Case Studies of Grand-Yoff and Grand-Dakar
Authors: Sow S. , Kebe C. M. , Ndiaye A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe chapter aims to explore the determinants of electricity consumption in working-class districts of Senegal cities. Grand-Yoff and Grand-Dakar are among the 19 district municipalities of the city of Dakar. The study collected data on different parameters related to electricity consumption that includes the number and type of plugging appliances. The methodology consists of a comparison between real electricity consumption of residential buildings and estimations based on models from the literature, which is followed by an analysis of the impact that a number of socio-economic parameters can have on the annual electricity consumption. Our results show that estimations can significantly differ from data collected in the field. They also show that context-specific, social and economic parameters affect electricity consumption in various magnitudes. Therefore, the planning of electricity production systems such as community grids or other decentralized systems for these areas requires better models.
Citizen Awareness of the Social Dimension of Energy: Lessons from a Survey in Dakar
Authors: Faye Cheikh , Wade M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe 2018 uprising of “Gilets jaunes” in France gave prominence to the question of whether to fund the energy transition or lift up the buying power of populations. This topical concern raises older and yet unsolved questions, which are how much does cost the energy transition and who should bear the bill. The chapter explores emerging issues in the challenge of transition to energy sustainability in communities and focuses on citizens’ perception of the social dimension of energy, besides the economic and environmental dimensions. The study findings from a survey conducted in Dakar show that citizens’ opinions on energy are shared between necessity—for living—and concern about its pollution. Our findings support the design of a localized communication strategy to support the energy agenda for transition to sustainability.
Friction pressure on relativistic bubble walls
Authors: Gouttenoire Yann , Jinno Ryusuke , Sala Filippo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
During a cosmological first-order phase transition, particles of the plasma crossing the bubble walls can radiate a gauge boson. The resulting pressure cannot be computed perturbatively for large coupling constant and/or large supercooling. We resum the real and virtual emissions at all leading-log orders, both analytically and numerically using a Monte-Carlo simulation. We find that radiated bosons are dominantly soft and that the resulting retarding pressure on relativistic bubble walls is linear both in the Lorentz boost and in the order parameter, up to a log. We further quantitatively discuss IR cut-offs, wall thickness effects, the impact of various approximations entering the calculation, and comment on the fate of radiated bosons that are reflected.
Electroweak dark matter
Authors: Amintaheri Ramtin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In the absence of any hints of new physics in LHC, TeV dark matter candidates interacting through electroweak force (EWDM) are still highly motivated. We extend the Standard Model by adding an arbitrary SU(2) DM multiplet in non-chiral representation. In addition to the well-known real representation which has no coupling to the nuclei at tree level, the complex representation can lead to a new DM candidate providing that one includes a higher dimensional mass-splitting operator, which survives the current direct detection bounds. Since the masses of gauge mediators are light compared to the dark particles, Sommerfeld effect is dominant and affects the value of annihilation cross-section in both the early universe and current time. We computed the relic abundance through freeze-out mechanism in order to determine DM mass. Gamma ray fluxes in our galaxy and dwarf satellites provide a promising tool to probe EWDM theory. We confronted the four fermionic representations of the model with the latest astrophysical observations. It can be concluded that the model passes the current experimental constraints successfully, and it is accessible to future observations.
Inequalities in mental health, self-rated health, and social support among sexual minority young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: analyses from the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Bécares Laia , Kneale Dylan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Young adults who self-identify as a sexual minority may have been particularly harmed by the consequences of lockdown, closure of educational institutions, and social distancing measures as they are likely to have been confined in households that may not be supportive of their sexual orientation. We examine inequalities in the mental health and self-rated health of sexual minority young adults, compared to their heterosexual peers, at the height of lockdown restrictions in the UK.

Methods
We analysed data from singletons who participated in waves 6, 7, and the wave 1 COVID-19 survey (n = 2211) of the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study of infants born in the UK between September 2000 and January 2002. Regression models compared the mental health, self-rated health, and social support of sexual minority young adults to that of their heterosexual peers.

Results
One in four young adults self-identified with a sexual orientation or attraction other than completely heterosexual. Sexual minority young adults had significantly lower levels of social support (β =  − 0.38, SE 0.08), poorer self-rated health (OR 3.91, 95% CI 2.41–6.34), and higher levels of psychological distress (β = 2.26, SE 0.34), anxiety (β = 0.40, SE 0.15), and loneliness (β = 0.66, SE 0.18) when compared to heterosexual young adults.

Conclusions
Sexual minority young adults in the UK have been detrimentally impacted by the coronavirus pandemic, experiencing inequalities in mental health, self-rated health, and social support when compared to heterosexual young adults. Implications for policy and practice include a stronger provision of safe spaces in the community and in institutions, and policies that address marginalisation and harassment.
Acetaminophen Levels Found in Recycled Wastewater Alter Soil Microbial Community Structure and Functional Diversity
Authors: McLain Nathan K. , Gomez Melissa Y. , Gachomo Emma W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe practice of using recycled wastewater (RWW) has been successfully adopted to address the growing demand for clean water. However, chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) including pharmaceutical products remain in the RWW even after additional cleaning. When RWW is used to irrigate crops or landscapes, these chemicals can enter these and adjacent environments. Unfortunately, the overall composition and concentrations of CECs found in different RWW sources vary, and even the same source can vary over time. Therefore, we selected one compound that is found frequently and in high concentrations in many RWW sources, acetaminophen (APAP), to use for our study. Using greenhouse grown eggplants treated with APAP concentrations within the ranges found in RWW effluents, we investigated the short-term impacts of APAP on the soil bacterial population under agricultural settings. Using Illumina sequencing-based approaches, we showed that APAP has the potential to cause shifts in the microbial community most likely by positively selecting for bacteria that are capable of metabolizing the breakdown products of APAP such as glycosides and carboxylic acids. Community-level physiological profiles of carbon metabolism were evaluated using Biolog EcoPlate as a proxy for community functions. The Biolog plates indicated that the metabolism of amines, amino acids, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and polymers was significantly higher in the presence of APAP. Abundance of microorganisms of importance to plant health and productivity was altered by APAP. Our results indicate that the soil microbial community and functions could be altered by APAP at concentrations found in RWW. Our findings contribute to the knowledge base needed to guide policies regulating RWW reuse in agriculture and also highlight the need to further investigate the effects of CECs found in RWW on soil microbiomes.
Fumonisin B1-Induced Oxidative Burst Perturbed Photosynthetic Activity and Affected Antioxidant Enzymatic Response in Tomato Plants in Ethylene-Dependent Manner
Authors: Iqbal Nadeem , Czékus Zalán , Angeli Cserne , Bartók Tibor , Poór Péter , Ördög Attila 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFumonisin B1 (FB1) is a harmful mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, which results in oxidative stress leading to cell death in plants. FB1 perturbs the metabolism of sphingolipids and causes growth and yield reduction. This study was conducted to assess the role of ethylene in the production and metabolism of reactive oxygen species in the leaves of wild type (WT) and ethylene receptor mutant Never ripe (Nr) tomato and to elucidate the FB1-induced phytotoxic effects on the photosynthetic activity and antioxidant mechanisms triggered by FB1 stress. FB1 exposure resulted in significant ethylene emission in a concentration-dependent manner in both genotypes. Moreover, FB1 significantly affected the photosynthetic parameters of PSII and PSI and activated photoprotective mechanisms, such as non-photochemical quenching in both genotypes, especially under 10 µM FB1 concentration. Further, the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were significantly reduced in both genotypes in a FB1 dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, lipid peroxidation and loss of cell viability were also more pronounced in WT as compared to Nr leaves indicating the role of ethylene in cell death induction in the leaves. Thus, FB1-induced oxidative stress affected the working efficiency of PSI and PSII in both tomato genotypes. However, ethylene-dependent antioxidant enzymatic defense mechanisms were activated by FB1 and showed significantly elevated levels of superoxide dismutase (18.6%), ascorbate peroxidase (129.1%), and glutathione S-transferase activities (66.62%) in Nr mutants as compared to WT tomato plants confirming the role of ethylene in the regulation of cell death and defense mechanisms under the mycotoxin exposure.
Erkennung refraktiver Amblyopierisikofaktoren mittels Plusoptix Autorefractor A09
Authors: Al-Romhein Philip , Fröhlich Monika , Schmickler Stefanie , Salchow Daniel J. 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Amblyopie ist der häufigste Grund einer Sehminderung im Kindesalter. Wichtige Risikofaktoren für eine Amblyopie (ARF) sind Refraktionsfehler. Ziel dieser Studie war zu untersuchen, wie viele Kinder mit auffälligem Screening eine Untersuchung beim Augenarzt erhielten und wie verlässlich der Plusoptix Autorefractor A09 (POA09) in der Ermittlung refraktiver ARF ist.

Methodik
Wir führten eine prospektive, einarmige und nicht verblindete Studie von 2/2012 bis 9/2015 durch. Es wurden Kinder im Alter von 6 Monaten bis 12 Jahren in Kindergärten und Schulen auf refraktive ARF gescreent. Folgende Refraktionswerte galten im Screening und bei der Messung des Refraktionsfehlers in Zykloplegie als auffällig: Hyperopie ≥ 3,5 Dioptrien (D), Myopie ≥ 3,0 D, Anisometropie ≥ 1,5 D und Astigmatismus ≥ 1,5 D (90° oder 180° ± 10°) oder ≥ 1,0 D (≥ 10° Abweichung von 90° oder 180°). Im Screening auffälligen Kindern wurde eine Vorstellung beim Augenarzt empfohlen, und deren Sorgeberechtigte wurden hinsichtlich der Ergebnisse des Augenarztbesuches nachbefragt. Kinder mit auffälligem Screening sowie eine Referenzgruppe aus Kindern mit unauffälligem Screening erhielten eine vollständige orthoptische Untersuchung und eine Messung des Refraktionsfehlers in Zykloplegie. Anhand der Kinder mit auffälligem Screening wurde der Anteil der richtig erkannten refraktiven ARF untersucht. Anhand der Referenzgruppe wurden der Anteil der richtig ausgeschlossenen refraktiven ARF und die falsch negative Rate berechnet.

Ergebnisse
Es wurden 3170 Kinder gescreent. Bei 715 Kindern (22,3 %) war das Screening auffällig, von diesen lag bei 460 (64,3 %) Antwort auf die Nachbefragung vor, und bei 132 lagen vollständige Angaben zu in Zykloplegie gemessenen Refraktionsfehlern vor. Häufigste Auffälligkeiten im Screening waren Astigmatismus (90,9 %) und Anisometropie (11,4 %). Nach Messung des Refraktionsfehlers in Zykloplegie waren Astigmatismus (56,8 %) und Hyperopie (18,9 %) am häufigsten. Der Anteil im Screening richtig erkannter refraktiver ARF war für Astigmatismus (60 %) und Anisometropie (53,3 %) am höchsten, für Hyperopie (33,3 %) und Myopie (25 %) geringer.

Schlussfolgerung
Refraktive ARF konnten im Screening mit dem POA09 nur eingeschränkt erkannt werden, was die Wichtigkeit eines systematischen Amblyopiescreenings unterstreicht. Denkbar wäre u. a. ein Screening in Zykloplegie, wozu weitere Studien erforderlich sind.
Advance care planning and the parental geographical background in pediatric palliative home care: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Dinkelbach Lars , Galushko Maren , Oommen-Halbach Anne , Felek Melisa , Dechert Oliver , Trocan Laura , Janßen Gisela 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe relevance to acknowledge the parental migration history in pediatric palliative care is widely recognized. However, its influence on integral parts of advance care planning (ACP) is unknown. In this non-interventional cohort study, we aimed at identifying systematic differences between pediatric palliative patients with varying parental countries of origin regarding medical orders for life-sustaining treatment and the location of patients’ death. Two hundred eighty-eight pediatric cases in an ambulant pediatric palliative care setting in Germany were retrospectively analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models. Agreements on medical orders for life-sustaining treatment (MOLST) differed significantly between patients with varying parental countries of origin. Full code orders for life-sustaining treatment were made more often in Turkish families than in German families. There were no significant associations between the patients’ location of death and the parental countries of origin. However, confounder-analysis revealed a strong association between the patients’ underlying disease and the orders for life-sustaining treatment as well as the location of death.Conclusions: Even this study indicates that the parental geographical background as an important sociocultural aspect might have an impact on ACP decisions for children and adolescents with life-limiting conditions, other factors as the patients’ underlying disease can be more crucial for decision making in pediatric palliative care. The reason for the differences found might lay in cultural preferences or barriers to appropriate care. The inclusion of sociocultural aspects in decision-making is crucial to guarantee culture-sensitive, patient-centered pediatric palliative care.

What is Known:• Decision making processes in pediatric palliative care are influenced by various cultural and religious norms.• So far, there is little knowledge about tangible differences with regard to end-of-life care decisions according to the geographical background of parents.

What is New:• End-of-life care decisions varied significantly with the parental country of origin.• Other factors as the underlying disease may be more crucial for decision making in pediatric palliative care.
“Natural infections” with Trypanosoma cruzi via the skin of mice: size of mouthparts of vectors and numbers of invading parasites
Authors: Waldeck Barbara , Schaub Günter A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Investigating parameters influencing natural infections with Trypanosoma cruzi via the skin, the diameters of mouthparts of different stages of triatomines vectors were measured to determine the size of the channel accessible for T. cruzi during cutaneous infection. The mean diameters of the skin-penetrating mandibles of first to fifth instar nymphs of the vector Triatoma infestans increased from 18 to 65 µm. The mean diameter in fourth instar nymphs of Dipetalogaster maxima was 86 µm. Different numbers of isolated vector-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes (10–10,000) were injected intradermally into mice. Prepatent periods, parasitemia and mortality rates were compared with those of mice obtaining 10,000 metacyclic trypomastigotes that are usually present in the first drop of faeces onto the feeding wounds of fifth and fourth instar nymphs of T. infestans and D. maxima, respectively. After injection of 50–10,000 T. cruzi, in all 42 mice the infection developed. An injection of 10 parasites induced an infection in 8 out of 15 mice. With increasing doses of parasites, prepatent periods tended to decrease. The level of parasitemia was higher after injection of the lowest dose. Except for one mouse all infected mice died. After placement of 10,000 metacyclic trypomastigotes onto the feeding wound of fifth or fourth instar nymphs of T. infestans and D. maxima, respectively, the infection rates of the groups, prepatent periods and the levels of parasitemia of T. cruzi in mice indicated that about 10–1,000 metacyclic trypomastigotes entered the skin via this route. For the first time, the present data emphasise the risk of an infection by infectious excreta of triatomines deposited near the feeding wound and the low number of invading parasites.
Density-dependence and environmental variability have stage-specific influences on European grayling growth
Authors: Marsh Jessica E. , Cove Richard J. , Britton J. Robert , Wellard Robert G. , Bašić Tea , Gregory Stephen D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFish somatic growth is indeterminate and can be influenced by a range of abiotic and biotic variables. With climate change forecast to increase the frequency of warming and unusual discharge events, it is thus important to understand how these variables currently influence somatic growth and how that might differ for specific age-classes and/ or life stages. Here, we used a 17-year dataset from a chalk stream in southern England to identify the abiotic and biotic influences on the growth of juvenile, sub-adult and adult life stages of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus), a cold-water riverine salmonid. The results revealed that interannual variations in grayling growth were well described by annual- and site-specific abiotic and biotic explanatory variables. We found divergent responses between life stages to increased temperature and unusual discharge during the main growth period with, for example, elevated temperatures related to increased juvenile growth but reduced sub-adult growth, and high discharge events related to increased sub-adult growth yet reduced juvenile growth. Conversely, stage-specific grayling abundance negatively influenced growth at each life stage, though only juvenile growth was impacted by the abundance of a competitor species, brown trout (Salmo trutta). These results emphasise the merits of testing a wide range of environmental and biological explanatory variables on fish growth, and across life stages. They also reveal the importance of maintaining high habitat heterogeneity in rivers to ensure all life stages can reduce their competitive interactions and have access to adequate flow and thermal refugia during periods of elevated environmental stress.
The incidence, operative difficulty and outcomes of staged versus index admission laparoscopic cholecystectomy and bile duct exploration for all comers: a review of 5750 patients
Authors: Welsh Silje , Nassar Ahmad H. M. , Sallam Mahmoud 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for emergency biliary admissions remains inconsistent with national and international guidelines. The perception that LC is difficult in acute cholecystitis and the popularity of the two-session approach to pancreatitis and suspected choledocholithiasis result in delayed management.

Methods
Analysis of prospectively maintained data in a unit adopting a policy of “intention to treat” during the index admission. The aim was to study the incidence of previous biliary admissions and compare the operative difficulty, complications and postoperative outcomes with patients who underwent index admission LC.

Results
Of the 5750 LC performed, 20.8% had previous biliary episodes resulting in one admission in 93% and two or more in 7%. Most presented with biliary colic (39.6%) and acute cholecystitis (27.6%). A previous biliary history was associated with increased operative difficulty (p < 0.001), longer operating times (86.9 vs. 68.1 min, p < 0.001), more postoperative complications (7.8% vs. 5.4%, p = 0.002) and longer hospital stay (8.1 vs. 5.5 days, p < 0.001) and presentation to resolution intervals. However, conversion and mortality rates showed no significant differences.

Conclusion
Index admission LC is superior to interval cholecystectomy and should be offered to all patients fit for general anaesthesia regardless of the presenting complaints. Subspecialisation should be encouraged as a major factor in optimising resource utilisation and postoperative outcomes of biliary emergencies.