bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Asymmetric Internal Hemispheric Variability in the Ocean in 2005-2015
Authors: Rathore Saurabh , Bindoff Nathaniel , Philllips Helen , Feng Ming 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Hemispheric asymmetry in global ocean warming was observed during 2005–2015. Previously, we showed that 92% of net global ocean heat gain during this period was in the southern hemisphere and that this period represented one extreme of an asymmetric mode of internal ocean variability that is independent of anthropogenic warming. We now identify for the first time, the asymmetric mode’s consistent spatial pattern between its phase of southern hemisphere dominance in observations and CMIP5 pre-industrial simulations. The southern hemisphere dominance of this intensity (≥ 2 × 1022 J decade− 1 ) observed in the first decade of the global Argo profiling array occurs 1% of the time in 10,000 CMIP5 years. The opposite phase, the northern hemisphere dominating heat uptake, occurs with similar frequency. We show that the asymmetric mode in 2005–2015 was associated with changes in the global overturning circulation, causing anomalous warming of 0.2×1015 W south of 40oS and convergence of heat in southern mid-latitudes. The asymmetric mode is uncorrelated with common climate modes.
GNAS mutations suppress the cell invasion through regulating EMT by activating the MEG3/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma
Authors: Tang Chao , Zhong Chunyu , Zhu Junhao , Yuan Feng , Yang Jin , Cai Xiangming , Xu Yong , Ma Chiyuan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Approximately 30–40% of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (GHPA) harbor somatic mutations in the GNAS (α subunit of the stimulatory G protein) gene. However, the latent functional role of the mutations and relative molecular mechanism in GHPA remain unknown. Methods: The GNAS gene mutations were detected in GHPAs using a standard PCR-sequencing procedure. The mutation-associated MEG3 expression was measured by RT-qPCR. MEG3 was manipulated in GH3 cells using a lentiviral expression system. Alterations in mRNA profiles in the MEG3-overexpressed cells were analyzed by RNA-seq. The cell invasion ability was measured using a Transwell assay, and the EMT-associated proteins were quantified by immunofluorescence and western blot. Finally, a tumor cell xenograft mouse model was applied to verify the effect of MEG3 on tumor growth and invasiveness. Results: The percentage of invasive tumors was significantly declined in GNAS-mutated GHPA tumors with the GNAS mutations compared to those tumors with the wild-type of GNAS. Consistently, the GH3 cell invasion capacity was decreased by expressing the mutant GNAS. MEG3 is uniquely expressed at high levels in GHPA harboring the mutated GNAS gene. Accordingly, the upregulation of MEG3 resulted in inhibiting cell invasion; and vice versa, the downregulation of MEG3 led to enhancing cell invasion. Mechanistically, the high level of MEG3 in mutated GNAS cells prevented the cell invasion via inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which was further validated in vivo. Conclusion: The GNAS mutations inhibit the invasiveness of GHPA cells via inactivation of the MEG3/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Spatial distribution, pollution levels, and ecological risks of trace elements in topsoil along an urbanization gradient in the city of Urumqi, China
Authors: Sidikjan Nazupar , Eziz Mamattursun , Kasimu Alimujiang , Xinguo Li 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Urbanization processes affect the accumulation of trace elements in urban soils. Due to the rapid urbanization, trace elements are continuously emitted into urban soil and generate serious risk to human health and urban ecosystem. Therefore, the effects of urbanization on environmental quality of soil along an urbanization gradient has emerged as an important frontier in environmental research. We carried out this study to assess the distribution, pollution, and potential ecological risk of trace elements in topsoil along a typical urbanization gradient in Urumqi city, NW China. We collected a total of 77 topsoil samples from urban, suburban, and rural gradient zones and analyzed their concentrations of nine trace elements: cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn). To estimate pollution and the ecological risk from trace elements, we employed the pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk index (RI). The results we obtain indicated that the concentrations, spatial distributions, pollution levels, and ecological risk degrees of trace elements investigated in this study were closely correlated with urbanization process. The spatial distribution of Cd, Co, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn concentrations and PLI showed a zonal distribution pattern along the urbanization gradient. The PLI values decreased in the order of urban > suburban > rural, whereas the RI values decreased in the order of urban > rural > suburban. Furthermore, trace elements showed a considerable risk in urban gradient, moderate risk in suburban and rural gradient zones, and Hg poses the most significant ecological risk among the investigated trace elements. Overall, analysis of trace elements in topsoil is useful to identify the effects of urbanization.
Coupled hydrogeological modeling and nitrate transport modeling to assess vulnerability pollution in an anthropized watershed, case study of the lower Soummam valley (Bejaia Northeast ofAlgeria)
Authors: Benabbes Dounyazad , Kessasra Fares , Foughalia Amal , Kerouaz Moussa , Abdellouch El Amine , Khemissa Zeyneb 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Anthropogenic activities as waste water discharges and fertilizers use were the main factors controlling nitrate concentration in the lower Soummam valley, situated in the North-East of Algeria. The objectives of this study are to investigate nitrogen pollution, evaluate the groundwater vulnerability using DRASTIC-method and simulate nitrate mass transport coupled with a hydrogeological model. Hydrogeochemical results demonstrate a large seasonal variation between the high water period (May 2019 and 2021) and the low water period (September 2019- November 2020 and 2021). Temperature and electric conductivity were increased in the low-water period. However, pH, dissolved oxygen and nitrate decreased in the high-water period and finally nitrites and ammonium showing irregular fluctuation. DRASTIC vulnerability issues illustrate that the alluvial aquifer of lower Soummam presents high to very high contamination. A hydrogeological model was performed using PMWIN and coupled with a solute transport model. Calibration was achieved under steady state conditions during the period of 2011–2021. It was validated by the comparison with measured piezometric levels and nitrate concentrations in May 2021. Three scenarios were established under transient conditions in order to simulate variation of both groundwater levels and nitrate concentrations from 2011 to 2050. Simulation issues show that river-aquifer exchanges and dependent head boundary present the main terms in water inflow and restituted respectively about 44% and 38% of the total inflow. However the head constant presented approximately 85% of the total outflow. Nitrate model illustrates a slight variation in 27 wells of a total of 29. Substantial increase in Remila well located in the upstream, a raise was observed at 14.6 mg/l when the pumping volumes reached 45.8 Mm3/years, 16.5 mg/l according to a slight increase in pumping volume 49.19 Mm3/years and finally, an increase was calculated at 27.3 mg/l when the pumping volume increases to 98.38 Mm3/years in 2050. In Saidj well situated in the downstream, a significant reduction was observed at 19.9 and 24.4 mg/l respectively in 2021 and 2030, however, a sharp increase was estimated at 16.8mg/l in 2050. The river and groundwater head boundaries are the main factors controlling the hydrodynamic aquifer system and nitrate transport in the alluvial aquifer of the lower Soummam valley.
Changes in Prescribing of Psychotropic Medication in Primary Care through the COVID-19 Pandemic in England: A National Level Prospective Survey
Authors: Waheed Unaiza , Stedman Mike , Davies Mark , Solomon Emma , Taylor David , Heald Adrian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic globally impacted healthcare provision. Prescribing changes of common medications can be used as a marker for new diagnoses.AimTo describe how psychotropic prescribing in England was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsPrimary Care Prescribing data for different classes of drug from March 2017 - February 2022 were considered. To capture the impact during periods of restricted access to health services for new diagnoses/existing conditions, repeat prescriptions/episodic prescribing were included with account taken of historical trend.The pre-pandemic prescriptions issued each month from March 2017 - February 2020 were linearly extrapolated forward to give an expected annual growth (EAG). The monthly average expected prescriptions for the pandemic period (March 2020–February 2022) were compared with this.ResultsPhysical health medications had lower monthly prescriptions during the pandemic with antibiotics down -12.2%(EAG -1.4%). Most repeat prescriptions were for bronchodilators -1.8%(EAG 0%), hypertension and heart failure -1.3%(EAG 1%), and lipid regulating drugs at -0.1%(EAG 2.3%). Mental Health monthly prescribing increased with hypnotics/anxiolytics by 0.6%(EAG -2.4%), antipsychotics by 0.5%(EAG 2.7%) and antidepressants by 0.3% (EAG 4.9%) The three main antidepressant were: Sertraline grew by 21% so its share of total anti-depressants increased from 22.7% to 24.6% (+8%), Mirtazapine grew by 16% so share increased from 13.0% to 13.6% (+5%), Venlafaxine grew by 11% so share stayed at 6.3%(0%).ConclusionThe increase in anxiolytic/hypnotic prescribing above trend links to pandemic effects on anxiety/worry. The slight increase in antipsychotic prescribing may relate to antipsychotic use in care homes.
Analysis of a nonlinear perturbed HLIV model with viral production and multiple latent stages
Authors: Liu Qun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we establish and analyze a nonlinear stochastically perturbed HLIV model with viral production and multiple latent stages, which is described by a series of stochastic differential equations with nonlinear perturbations. Firstly, we prove that there exists a unique global positive solution to the proposed model for any positive initial value. Then we adopt a stochastic Lyapunov function method to establish sufficient criteria for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of positive solutions to the system. Especially, under some mild conditions which are used to ensure the existence and local asymptotic stability of the endemic equilibrium of the deterministic system, we obtain the exact expression of the probability density around the endemic equilibrium of the deterministic system. In addition, we build up sufficient criteria for wiping out of the infected cells and free viruses. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to illustrate our theoretical findings.
Heparin-binding protein as a biomarker of severe sepsis in the pediatric intensive care unit: A multicenter, prospective study
Authors: Liu Pengcheng , Chen Dapeng , Lou Jintu , Lin Jiancheng , Huang Caizhi , Zou Yun , Wong Cai , Wu Haiming , Yan Gangfeng , Liu Jing , Zhou Zhenwen , Gao Fei , Gao Ling , Long Guangfeng , Ma Lijuan , Dai Shuzhi , Qu Wei , Mo Liya , Shang Shiqiang , Xu Jin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Heparin-binding protein (HBP) is a promising candidate as a biomarker for sepsis. However, there is limited study on the use of HBP among children with sepsis in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The aim of this study is to assess HBP as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of severe sepsis in the PICU.Methods: A multicenter, prospective study was conducted among children with sepsis and severe sepsis in nine different PICUs in China from October 2019 to June 2021. Plasma levels of HBP, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate, and white blood cell (WBC) count were determined at enrollment and 72 hours after enrollment. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the ability of biomarkers in diagnosing severe sepsis. Multivariate logistical analysis was performed to assess the association between biomarkers and in-hospital mortality. Spearman's correlation was used to identify the relationship between HBP and other biomarkers.Results: Of 355 included patients, 132 patients were diagnosed with non-severe sepsis (referred to as sepsis), 223 patients had severe sepsis. Patients with severe sepsis had significantly elevated levels of HBP compared with sepsis (median 170.5 vs. 74.1 ng/mL, P<0.001). Adding HBP to a diagnostic model with PCT and lactate could significantly improve the diagnostic capability for severe sepsis (area under the curve (AUC) 0.702 vs. 0.628, p<0.001). The plasma levels of HBP correlated positively with the number of dysfunctional organs. After adjusting for confounding factors, the HBP levels at enrollment could not predict in-hospital mortality. However, declined levels of HBP at 72 hours had a significant association with decreased in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.242, P<0.001). The levels of HBP showed weak positive correlations with PCT, CRP, WBC, and no correlation to lactate.Conclusions: HBP at enrollment can be an independent indicator for severe sepsis and the dynamic changes at 72 hours can be a predictor for in-hospital mortality in PICU.
Permeability Behavior of Tropical Sapric Peat under Isotropic Compression
Authors: Hasan Alsidqi , Ngelambai Walter Janting anak 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Tropical sapric peat has a distinctive origin, which originates from highly decomposed woods. It consists of organic particles with colloidal microstructure and jelly-like texture. Such feature influences the permeability and the rate of pore water dissipation. This paper discusses the tropical sapric peat permeability behaviour from a series of flexible wall permeameter tests. A special peat specimen preparation method is presented. Each specimen was isotopically compressed under different effective stresses in a modified triaxial apparatus and digitally monitored for 2 days-long permeability tests. The results showed that the permeability decreases with time following a negative power function, which indicated that the flow of liquid progresses gradually from the transient to the steady states. A graphical method is proposed to distinguish the transient state and the steady state flow at which a representative coefficient of permeability can be determined. The time taken to achieve the steady state was found to be correlated with the level of compression. A good linear relationship between the coefficient of permeability and the log of effective stress was found. The tropical sapric peat in this study has lower permeability-to-effective stress ratio when compared to the amorphous sapric peat data from the literature. The present finding provides references for academic and engineers to better understand the permeability behavior of tropical sapric peat.
Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab biosimilar compared with reference bevacizumab in locally advanced and advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Zhiting , Zhao Luqing , Xia Guohao , Lu Jianwei , Shen Bo , Zhou Guoren , Feng Jifeng , Hu Xiao , Yu Shaorong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
PurposeBevacizumab is important in the systemic treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without gene mutation. Bevacizumab biosimilar has received marketing approval based on the results of phase III clinical studies. It is the first retrospective study to verify the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab biosimilar in clinical application.Methods We identified 946 patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC treated with bevacizumab biosimilar or bevacizumab. Efficacy evaluation was performed according to RECIST v1.1. Adverse events were graded following the CTCAE v5.0. ResultsThe objective response rates (ORRs) were 28.9% in the biosimilar group (n=551) and 30.9% in the reference group (n=395; unstratified ORR risk ratio: 0.934, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.677–1.138). The estimated median progression-free survival (mPFS) were 6.27 (95% CI: 5.53–7.01) and 4.93 (95% CI: 4.24–5.62) months, respectively (p=0.296). The number of treatment lines, combined treatment regimens and with or without radiotherapy were significant factors affecting the PFS of both groups (p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.039). Different genetic mutations and dose intensity were not the main factors (p=0.627, 0.946). The incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were 76.41% in the biosimilar group and 71.65% in the reference group (p=0.098). The incidences of grade 3 or higher TEAEs were 22.14% and 19.49%, respectively (p=0.324). ConclusionBevacizumab biosimilar is equivalent in efficacy to bevacizumab in patients with locally advanced and advanced NSCLC. It showed acceptable toxicity profile and no new adverse events. Patients who were excluded by clinical trials can also benefit from bevacizumab biosimilar.
Inheritance of Big Bud Mite Susceptibility in Filberts1
Authors: Thompson Maxine M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Susceptibility ratings for big bud mite Phytocoptella avellanae (Nal.) are given for 144 clones of filberts (Corylus sp.) and for 1850 progeny between crosses involving 21 parents. There is genetic resistance as well as different levels of susceptibility. Susceptibility is highly heritable and appears to be determined by multiple genes with predominantly additive gene action.
Clonal Multiplication of Carnation by Micropropagation1
Authors: Davis M. J. , Baker Ralph , Hanan Joe J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Clonal multiplication of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) was accomplished in three stages: 1) shoot tip culture initiation stage, 2) shoot multiplication stage, and 3) rooting stage. The culture medium for the initiation stage was examined by comparing various inorganic salt mixtures, vitamin mixtures, carbohydrates, growth regulators, agars, pH’s, and additional supplements for their effect on growth and development of multiple shoots from shoot tips. When shoot tips (ca. 1 mm high) were grown on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium with 10 µM kinetin and 1 µM NAA, apical dominance was counteracted and morphologically normal shoots proliferated rapidly. Transferring these cultures after 4 wk to 100 ml flasks (one per flask) with 50 ml of same medium without agar and supplements, and with the kinetin concentration reduced to 2.5 µM, resulted in an average per original shoot tip of 28 shoots over 2 cm in height being produced in another 3 weeks. These shoots were rooted in BR-8 blocks or Jiffy-7 peat pellets under intermittent mist. Plantlets rooted in these supports were transferred easily to greenhouse conditions. Incorporation of carnation micropropagation into a pathogen-free propagative stock program should not be difficult, and might prove beneficial even if large scale use is limited by economic considerations.
Growth Responses, Nutrient Leaf Concentrations and Interelement Relationships of Snap Beans as Affected by Fertilizer Treatment1
Authors: Smith Cyril B. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
‘Bush Blue Lake 283’ beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were grown with 16 fertilizer treatments at 16 commercial sites in Pennsylvania in 1973-74. No treatment gave significantly higher combined yield at one harvest than the NP treatment (28 kg/ha of each). This treatment resulted in increases of 27% in vine weight and 9% in yield while leaf concentration of Ca and Mg were enhanced by 19% and 36% respectively and K concentration was decreased by 17%. Added K which further increased vine weight but not yield, depressed Mg leaf concentration but this was more than compensated for by the NP enhancement. Although added Mg did not affect growth responses, it increased Mg leaf concentration, decreased Mn concentration and tended to decrease P and Ca concentration but did not lower K leaf concentration. When both K and Mg were added, Mg leaf concentration was no higher. Diammonium phosphate had no injurious effects.
A Four-year Study of Single Calcium Chloride and Growth Regulator Tree Sprays to Control Storage Breakdown of ‘Spartan’ Apples1
Authors: Looney Norman E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A single spray of 2.5 or 5% CaCl2 applied 14 days before harvest significantly reduced breakdown of ‘Spartan’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) in each of 4 consecutive years and caused no residual tree or crop damage. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) alone or in combination with CaCl2 led to significant reductions in breakdown in only 1 of the 3 seasons in which it was tested. Ca applied in 1 season did not influence fruit Ca levels the next year. Both 2.5 and 5% CaCl2 applied in 1973 significantly increased Ca in fruit peel, flesh and core tissues. Although IBA did not increase fruit Ca levels, a strong negative relationship between fruit Ca and breakdown susceptibility was evidenced by analyses in 3 crop years.
Fruits located near the top of the trees were lower in flesh Ca than those from the bottom. This, plus inadequate spray coverage in the top of the tree canopies, led to poor control of breakdown in these fruits when the sprays were applied at lx, 3x or 6x concentration with an air-blast orchard sprayer using 3342, 1114, and 557 1 of water per hectare, respectively.
Varietal and Maturity Differences of Apples in Response to Ethylene in Controlled Atmosphere Storage1
Authors: Liu F. W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Five cultivars of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) each with 2 different harvest dates were stored in continuous flow controlled atmosphere (CA) at 3% O2 and 3% CO2 at 0°C or 3.3° for 3 to 7 months. Ethylene in the CA was maintained at 3 levels: low (mostly below 1 ppm, maximum 3.8 ppm), 10 ppm and 500 ppm. In comparison with low ethylene, 10 ppm and 500 ppm ethylene in CA did not significantly affect the soluble solids, titratable acids, firmness and sensory evaluated ripeness of ‘Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Indared’ and ‘Cortland’ apples harvested on either date and of ‘McIntosh’ apples harvested after the onset of climacteric. However, ‘McIntosh’ harvested before the onset of climacteric retained higher acids, firmer texture and were sensory evaluated as less ripe when kept in CA with low ethylene than that with 10 or 500 ppm ethylene. ‘Delicious’ apples stored for 7 months in CA with 10 or 500 ppm ethylene developed severe scald but those in CA with low ethylene did not.
Effect of Hydrogen Fluoride and Hydrogen Chloride on Pollen Tube Growth and Sodium Fluoride on Pollen Germination in ‘Tilton’ Apricot1
Authors: Facteau T. J. , Rowe R. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fumigations with hydrogen fluoride (HF) decreased in vivo pollen tube growth of ‘Tilton’ apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.). Both tube lengths and percent of styles with pollen tubes that reached the base of the style were adversely affected more by high HF concentration for a short time than by low concentration for a longer time. Pollen germination was unaffected on agar containing sodium fluoride. Fumigations with hydrogen chloride had no effect on pollen tube growth at concentrations from 0.05 to 0.75 mg Cl/m3 and durations of exposure from 8.5 to 72 hours.