bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residents as Research Subjects: Balancing Resident Education and Contribution to Advancing Educational Innovations
Authors: Thibault Louis-Philippe , Bourque Claude Julie , Luu Thuy Mai , Huot Celine , Cardinal Genevieve , Carriere Benoit , Dupont-Thibodeau Amelie , Moussa Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Research in education advances knowledge and improves learning, but the literature does not define how to protect residents' rights as subjects in studies or how to limit the impact of their participation on their clinical training.

Objective
We aimed to develop a consensual framework on how to include residents as participants in education research, with the dual goal of protecting their rights and promoting their contributions to research.

Methods
A nominal group technique approach was used to structure 3 iterative meetings held with the pre-existing residency training program committee and 7 invited experts between September 2018 and April 2019. Thematic text analysis was conducted to prepare a final report, including recommendations.

Results
Five themes, each with recommendations, were identified: (1) Freedom of participation: participation, non-participation, or withdrawal from a study should not interfere with teacher-learner relationship (recommendation: improve recruitment and consent forms); (2) Avoidance of over-solicitation (recommendation: limit the number of ongoing studies); (3) Management of time dedicated to participation in research (recommendations: schedule and proportion of time for study participation); (4) Emotional safety (recommendation: requirement for debriefing and confidential counseling); and (5) Educational safety: data collected during a study should not influence clinical assessment of the resident (recommendation: principal investigator should not be involved in the evaluation process of learners in clinical rotation).

Conclusions
Our nominal group technique approach resulted in raising 5 specific issues about freedom of participation of residents in research in medical education, over-solicitation, time dedicated to research, emotional safety, and educational safety.
ACGME Milestones in the Real World: A Qualitative Study Exploring Response Process Evidence
Authors: Maranich Ashley M. , Hemmer Paul A. , Uijtdehaage Sebastian , Battista Alexis 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Since the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) introduced the Milestones in 2013, the body of validity evidence supporting their use has grown, but there is a gap with regard to response process.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore validity evidence pertaining to the response process of individual Clinical Competency Committee (CCC) members when assigning Milestone ratings to a resident.

Methods
Using a constructivist paradigm, we conducted a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 8 Transitional Year (TY) CCC members from 4 programs immediately following a CCC meeting between November and December 2020. Participants were queried about their response process in their application of Milestone assessment. Analysis was iterative, including coding, constant comparison, and theming.

Results
Participant interviews identified an absence of formal training and a perception that Milestones are a tool for resident assessment without recognizing their role in program evaluation. In describing their thought process, participants reported comparing averaged assessment data to peers and time in training to generate Milestone ratings. Meaningful narrative comments, when available, differentiated resident performance from peers. When assessment data were absent, participants assumed an average performance.

Conclusions
Our study found that the response process used by TY CCC members was not always consistent with the dual purpose of the Milestones to improve educational outcomes at the levels of residents and the program.
A Systematic Review of Pain Management Education in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Malik Zayir , Ahn James , Thompson Kathryn , Palma Alejandro 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Despite the importance of pain management across specialties and the effect of poor management on patients, many physicians are uncomfortable managing pain. This may be related, in part, to deficits in graduate medical education (GME).

Objective
We sought to evaluate the methodological rigor of and summarize findings from literature on GME interventions targeting acute and chronic non-cancer pain management.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review by searching PubMed, MedEdPORTAL, and ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) to identify studies published before March 2019 that had a focus on non-cancer pain management, majority of GME learners, defined educational intervention, and reported outcome. Quality of design was assessed with the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale–Education (NOS-E). One author summarized educational foci and methods.

Results
The original search yielded 6149 studies; 26 met inclusion criteria. Mean MERSQI score was 11.6 (SD 2.29) of a maximum 18; mean NOS-E score was 2.60 (SD 1.22) out of 6. Most studies employed a single group, pretest-posttest design (n=16, 64%). Outcomes varied: 6 (24%) evaluated reactions (Kirkpatrick level 1), 12 (48%) evaluated learner knowledge (level 2), 5 (20%) evaluated behavior (level 3), and 2 (8%) evaluated patient outcomes (level 4). Interventions commonly focused on chronic pain (n=18, 69%) and employed traditional lectures (n=16, 62%) and case-based learning (n=14, 54%).

Conclusions
Pain management education research in GME largely evaluated chronic pain management interventions by assessing learner reactions or knowledge at single sites.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Milestones: Creation of a Tool to Evaluate Graduate Medical Education Programs
Authors: Ravenna Paul A. , Wheat Santina , El Rayess Fadya , McCrea Leon , Martonffy A. Ildiko , Marshall Cara , Tepperberg Suki , Friedman Rachel S.C. , Barr Wendy B. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
As the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) began to ask programs to report their efforts surrounding diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), program directors felt ill prepared to evaluate their programs and measure change.

Objective
To develop a tool that would allow graduate medical education (GME) programs to evaluate the current state of DEI within their residencies, identify areas of need, and track progress; to evaluate feasibility of using this assessment method within family medicine training programs; and to analyze and report pilot data from implementation of these milestones within family medicine residency programs.

Methods
The Association of Family Medicine Residency Directors (AFMRD) Diversity and Health Equity (DHE) Task Force developed a tool for program DEI evaluation modeled after the ACGME Milestones. These milestones focus on DEI assessment in 5 key domains: Institution, Curriculum, Evaluation, Resident Personnel, and Faculty Personnel. After finalizing a draft, a pilot implementation of the milestones was conducted by a convenience sample of 10 AFMRD DHE Task Force members for their own programs.

Results
Scores varied widely across surveyed programs for all milestones. Highest average scores were seen for the Curriculum milestone (2.65) and the lowest for the Faculty Personnel milestone (2.0). Milestone assessments were completed within 10 to 40 minutes using various methods.

Conclusions
The AFMRD DEI Milestones were developed for program assessment, goal setting, and tracking of progress related to DEI within residency programs. The pilot implementation showed these milestones were easily used by family medicine faculty members in diverse settings.
Internal Medicine Residency Program Director Support and Burnout During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a National Survey
Authors: O'Connor Alec B. , Catalanotti Jillian S. , Desai Sanjay V. , Zetkulic MaryGrace , Kisielewski Michael , Willett Lisa L. , Zaas Aimee K. 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Burnout is common among physicians and physician leaders, including residency program directors (PDs). The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and other stressors in 2020 on PDs is unknown.

Objective
To measure the prevalence of burnout among internal medicine (IM) residency PDs 6 months into the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
A total of 429 IM PDs, representing 83% of accredited residency programs, were surveyed from August to December 2020. Burnout, using a 2-item screening tool, and self-reported consideration of resigning in 2020, were compared to their annual prevalence since 2012 and tested for possible associations with pandemic stressors and program characteristics.

Results
The survey response rate was 61.5% (264 of 429). One-third (33.6%, 87 of 259) of PD respondents met burnout criteria, and 45.1% (110 of 244) reported considering resigning in the past year, which were within the range of preceding years. PDs who reported feeling highly supported by institutional leadership were less likely to meet burnout criteria and to have considered resigning. There were no associations between burnout or consideration of resigning and the amount of clinical time PDs spent in their roles, duration of maximum stress on programs, budget cuts to programs, or geographic region.

Conclusions
The prevalence of burnout among PDs in fall 2020 was similar to the prevalence of burnout in pre-pandemic years despite uniquely extreme stressors. PDs' perception of being highly supported by institutional leadership was associated with lower prevalence of burnout and consideration of resigning. Perceived leadership support may be a protective factor against burnout during periods of high stress.
19.YY’DA DOĞU VE GÜNEYDOĞU ANADOLU’DA AŞİRET GÜÇLERİ: HAMİDİYE ALAYLARI
Authors: ŞANDA Mehmet Nuri 
Published: April 2022

Bu araştırmada, 1890 yılında temelleri atılan ve 1891 yılında da Doğu Anadolu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgelerinde on üç aşiretin katımlıyla kurulan Hamidiye Hafif Süvari Alaylarına değinilmektedir. Bu konu ile ilgili daha önce bazı tez çalışmaları ve makaleler yazılmış olsa da yapılan bu çalışmalarda önemli bazı arşiv belgelerinin kullanılmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Araştırmada ele alınan konular bölümler halinde açıklanmaktadır. Makalenin giriş bölümünde Hamidiye Hafif Süvari Alaylarının kurulma nedenlerine kısaca değinilmektedir. Birinci bölümünde 1891 yılında yapılan düzenlemeler ve sonrasında meydana gelen gelişmeler hakkında bilgilere yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca Erzurum, Van, Diyarbakır, Bitlis, Musul ve Sivas’ta Hamidiye Hafif Süvari Alaylarına dâhil olan aşiretlerin nüfusları, nerelerde yaşadıkları ve kaç alay teşkil ettikleri arşiv belgeleri ışığında belirtilmektedir. İkinci bölümde ise 1896 yılında yapılan Hamidiye Alayı düzenlemesi ve sonrasındaki gelişmelere değinilmektedir.
Bu araştırmada Cumhurbaşkanlığı Osmanlı Arşiv Belgeleri, araştırma-inceleme eserler, tez ve makalelerden yararlanılmıştır. Tarafımızca tespit edilen ve transkripsiyonu yapılarak değerlendirilen arşiv belgelerinin alana katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
La nivola a-t-elle participé à la révolution littéraire du XXe siècle espagnol ? Le cas d’Augusto Pérez
Authors: SÁNCHEZ DE LAS CUEVAS Lidia 
Published: April 2022

Cet article vise à examiner le concept de « révolution » dans le contexte littéraire du début du XXe siècle en Espagne par référence à Augusto Pérez, personnage littéraire créé par Miguel de Unamuno. Pour ce faire, nous analyserons sa présence dans le roman Niebla, mais aussi dans d’autres écrits dans lesquels il réapparaît, comme « Una entrevista con Augusto Pérez » ou « Vida, guerra, alma de ideas ». Unamuno participe à la révolution littéraire du XXe siècle par la révolution lyrique qu’il opère, qui consiste à substituer au concept de réalité mimétique celui de réalité intime, concept d’après lequel différents Unamunos composant sa conscience se déploient dans le même espace, qui est le rêve. Le personnage d’Augusto Pérez est l’un des principaux outils dont se sert Unamuno pour révolutionner la littérature de son époque.
Landscape Pest Monitoring Methods and Training Managers to Use Them
Authors: Dreistadt Steve H. , Flint Mary Louise 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMonitoring is the systematic collection and recording of information on pests and damage. Scale insects and aphids, respectively, can be efficiently monitored using sticky tape traps and water sensitive paper. We describe these monitoring techniques, present examples of their use in controlling citricola scale infesting Chinese hackberry and painted maple aphid infesting silver maple, and discuss our methods of training landscape pest managers to monitor.
Use of the Fractometer to Determine the Strength of Wood with Incipient Decay
Authors: Mattheck Claus G. , Breloer Helge , Bethge Klaus A. , Albrecht Wolfgang A. , Zipse Achim W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA fairly new method (Visual Tree Assessment on a biomechanical basis, VTA) and a handy tool for measuring wood quality in terms of strength and stiffness (the Fractometer) are presented together with a new mechanically equivalent model for wood. The paper gives help in interpreting the results gained by Fractometer measurements.
Superior Shade Tree Selections for the Southeastern United States
Authors: Williams J. David , Fare Donna C. , Gilliam Charles H. , Keever Gary J. , Ponder Harry G. , Owen John T. , Creech Greg 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 13-year study at the Auburn University Piedmont Substation has evaluated over 200 different trees. Data collected have included attrition, growth rate and ornamental characteristics. These data have provided information which nurserymen, landscapers and urban foresters use to select tree species and cultivars for residential and urban settings. Among trees showing superior performance in criteria used in the evaluation areAcer rubrumcultivars,Betula nigra‘Heritage’,Nyssa ogeche, Pistacia chinensis, Quercus prinus, Quercus lyrata, Quercus acutissima, Quercus shumardii and Taxodium distichumnutans.
Updated Checklist of Elm (Ulmus) Cultivars for use in North America
Authors: Santamour Frank S. , Bentz Susan E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis checklist, with more than 175 entries, covers all elm cultivars introduced since 1964 and complete listings forUlmus americana, U. japonica, U. parvifolia, U. pumila, U. wilsoniana, and all cultivars of putative hybrids in which at least one parent species was native to North America. Information on potential resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED), elm yellows, and other diseases and pests is included.
Performance of two Cultivars of Red Maple from Tissue-Cultured Versus Budded Propagation
Authors: Sibley Jeff L. , Eakes D. Joseph , Gilliam Charles H. , Keever Gary J. , Dozier William A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract‘Franksred’ and ‘October Glory’ red maple (Acer rubrum) from tissue culture were compared in an existing field study to their budded counterparts to determine differences in annual growth rate, leaf morphology characteristics, leaf greenness, initiation of fall color, and gas exchange capacity. There were no differences between propagation methods for the two cultivars in height or caliper increases, fall color patterns, or gas exchange capacities.
Impacts from a Major Ice Storm: Street-Tree Damage in Rochester, New York
Authors: Sisinni Susan M. , Zipperer Wayne C. , Pleninger Andrew G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn March 1991, a major ice storm occurred in Rochester, New York. Data from a comprehensive public tree survey, designed to include information on storm damage, were used to identify responses of urban trees to severe glaze accumulation. Storm-damaged trees were classified as follows: Removal 1 (R1s), those that sustained 75% or greater live crown loss; and Removal 2 (R2s), those that sustained 50%-74% live crown loss. The inventory identified 58,536 trees and 129 species distributed throughout the city. Of the total population, 3,391 trees (5.8%) were listed as R1s and 8,606 (14.7%) were listed as R2s. Seventy species (54.2%) had at least one reported R1, and 87 species (67.4%) had at least one reported R2. Because Rochester’s street-tree population is comprised of so many species, each with varying degrees of storm damage, this study focused on those that represented greater than 1% of the total population. Seventeen species met this criterion. Damage to these species is reviewed, and management implications are discussed.
Water Use of Landscape Plants Grown in an Arid Environment
Authors: Devitt D.A. , Neuman D.S. , Bowman D.C. , Morris R.L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAn outdoor experiment was conducted in Las Vegas, NV, to quantify the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of various landscape plants grown in an arid environment.Washingtonia robusta,Pinus eldaricaandCercidium floridumwere planted as #5 and #15 container size trees in 190 L lysimeters and subjected to leaching fractions (LF=volume of solution drained/volume of irrigation water applied) of 0.25, 0 and -0.25 (theoretical). Additional shrubs, groundcover and turfgrasses were also grown in lysimeters but irrigated only at the 0 LF for comparative purposes. Results indicated that ETa of the trees was significantly influenced by planting size and/ or LF (p< 0.05). Multiple regression equations accounted for 81 to 85% of the variability in measured ETa of the palm, pine and palo verde trees when shoot characteristics and monthly potential evapotranspiration (ETo) were included in the models. ETa of the shrubs, groundcovers and turfgrasses showed significant differences by species (p=0.05). Results indicated that consideration must be given to growth and water use relationships and changing ETo if accurate irrigation volumes are to be scheduled for each species.
Effect of Ectomycorrhizal Inoculation at Planting on Growth and Foliage Quality of Tilia tomentosa
Authors: Garbaye J. , Churin J. L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBy analogy with the techniques of controlled mycorrhization of forest plantations, an attempt was made to inoculate silver limes (Tilia tomentosa) with ectomycorrhizal fungi at planting on a street in Paris, France. In spite of poor colonization of the roots by the introduced symbionts (Laccaria laccata, Paxillus involutusandCenococcum geophilum), tree growth was stimulated and yellowing of leaves in autumn was delayed. These results are discussed in terms of biology of the symbioses and practical benefit of this technique applied to ornamental trees in urban plantations.
Effects of Ground-Based Applications of Soap,Bacillus thuringiensis, Cyfluthrin, and Trunk Barriers on Gypsy Moth Density and Defoliation
Authors: Thorpe Kevin W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe combined effect of insecticide applications using hydraulic equipment and sticky trunk barriers was tested on individual white oak (Quercus alba) trees under heavy gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) pressure. The insecticides tested were insecticidal soap,Bacillus thuringiensis(B.t.), and cyfluthrin. One week after treatment, the B.t. and cyfluthrin treatments reduced larval density from 500 larvae per m2of ground surface beneath the canopy on unsprayed, unbanded trees to 180 and 30 larvae per m2, respectively. Defoliation exceeded 75% on unsprayed, unbanded trees and unbanded trees sprayed with soap, but remained below 25% on trees sprayed with B.t. or cyfluthrin. Trunk barriers reduced larval density and defoliation under all insecticide treatments and on unsprayed trees, but their effect was minimal on trees treated with B.t. or cyfluthrin. None of the treatments affected the total number of gypsy moth egg masses on treated trees. These results indicate that ground-based applications of both B.t. and cyfluthrin can provide good foliage protection, but that the use of trunk barriers with these treatments provides little or no added benefit. The soap, which is a contact insecticide, did not provide adequate foliage protection.
Authors: Kusumawati Ratna Dewi , Diyani Lucia Ari 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian yang dilakukan memiliki tujuan untuk melihat peran mediasi kepercayaan, khususnya kepercayaan kepada penjual di e-commerce, dalam hubungan antara reputasi penjual dan niat beli di e-commerce. Data yang digunakan untuk melakukan penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan bantuan kuesioner yang didistribusikan kepada responden. Data dalam penelitian ini diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Jalur dan Uji Sobel. Temuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa trust to seller mampu memediasi hubungan antara reputasi dan niat beli dalam e-commerce. Temuan lain dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel reputasi mempengaruhi minat beli secara langsung dalam uji statistik, dan variabel reputasi mempengaruhi variabel trust to seller dan variabel trust to seller berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel niat beli. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan diharapkan mampu memberikan wawasan baru dalam bidang penelitian sistem informasi akuntansi khususnya yang berkaitan dengan e-commerce di wilayah Indonesia serta mampu memberikan kontribusi referensi bagi penelitian selanjutnya di bidang yang sama.
THE PROBLEM OF LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN ONLINE LEARNING DURING THE PANDEMIC AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHING DISCOURSE IN SCHOOLS
Authors: Ulinsa Ulinsa , Rinaldi Rinaldi , Oringo Vincent 
Published: April 2022

The problems in the research are how problematic language teachers are in online learning during the pandemic, and how to solve problems for Indonesian language teachers in online learning during the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to describe the problems of Indonesian language teachers in online learning during the pandemic and to describe problem solving solutions for Indonesian language teachers in online learning during the pandemic. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. This type of research does not have a comparison group. The subjects in this study were Indonesian language teachers at SMP and SMA Negeri 1 Ampibabo in Ampibabo village. Data collection in this study were questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The data from the evaluation were analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods. The results of this study are (1) Inadequate internet network access during the online learning process. (2) The teacher is a "debt collector" in carrying out the online teaching and learning process, the teacher only gives assignments continuously and collects assignments at a predetermined time. (3) Teachers still stutter in mastering technology so that in the implementation of online learning it is still difficult to choose relevant applications and teaching methods are still not varied. (4) The implementation of online learning greatly affects the psychological condition of students where in online learning these students experience boredom and are lazy to participate in learning. The teacher's practical solution in implementing online learning is by applying offline learning by visiting from home to home where in the offline learning process students are very active in the learning process compared to online learning which cannot be carried out effectively