bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating to cope: Advancing our understanding of the effects of exposure to racial discrimination on maladaptive eating behaviors
Authors: Brown Kristal Lyn , Graham Andrea K. , Perera Robert A. , LaRose Jessica Gokee 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveRacial discrimination is a stressor for young Black women that leads to poor health outcomes, including maladaptive eating. This study presents findings on racial discrimination and maladaptive eating behaviors (overeating, LOC eating) using ecological momentary assessment (EMA).MethodsBlack emerging adult women (N = 27) with overweight or obesity participated in a 14‐day EMA study examining exposure to racial discrimination, eating behaviors, and racial identity. Frequencies and chi‐square tests were used to characterize the type of racial discrimination experienced and frequency of overeating. Mixed effect ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess the relation between racial discrimination and maladaptive eating. Moderation analysis was conducted by creating interaction terms for discrimination and racial identity variables.Results81.5% of participants reported experiencing racial discrimination. Young Black women reporting exposure to racial discrimination were more likely to endorse higher levels of both overeating and LOC eating compared to times when discrimination was not experienced (p < .0001). Racial identity moderated the link between racial discrimination and maladaptive eating (overeating, LOC) such that reporting greater levels of private regard buffered the deleterious effect of racial discrimination. Higher levels of public regard exacerbated the association between racial discrimination and both overeating, and LOC. Higher centrality worsened the relation between racial discrimination and LOC.ConclusionYoung Black women might use maladaptive eating to cope with exposure to racial discrimination, which underscores the importance of examining the link between racism and disordered eating, particularly among Black women submerged in a society that continuously exposes them to racial discrimination.Public SignificanceEmerging adult Black women are exposed to racial discrimination daily. In theory, exposure to racial discrimination could contribute to overeating and loss of control eating in this population. Using ecological momentary assessment, to capture experiences and eating behaviors in the moment they occur, this project quantified the magnitude of racial discrimination and how it was associated with maladaptive eating behaviors. Further, it examined ways in which racial identity was linked to this association.
Recent advances and challenges in temperature monitoring and control in microfluidic devices
Authors: Dos‐Reis‐Delgado Alejandro A. , Carmona‐Dominguez Andrea , Sosa‐Avalos Gerardo , Jimenez‐Saaib Ivan H. , Villegas‐Cantu Karen E. , Gallo‐Villanueva Roberto C. , Perez‐Gonzalez Víctor H. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTemperature is a critical—yet sometimes overlooked—parameter in microfluidics. Microfluidic devices can experience heating inside their channels during operation due to underlying physicochemical phenomena occurring therein. Such heating, whether required or not, must be monitored to ensure adequate device operation. Therefore, different techniques have been developed to measure and control temperature in microfluidic devices. In this contribution, the operating principles and applications of these techniques are reviewed. Temperature‐monitoring instruments revised herein include thermocouples, thermistors, and custom‐built temperature sensors. Of these, thermocouples exhibit the widest operating range; thermistors feature the highest accuracy; and custom‐built temperature sensors demonstrate the best transduction. On the other hand, temperature control methods can be classified as external‐ or integrated‐methods. Within the external methods, microheaters are shown to be the most adequate when working with biological samples, whereas Peltier elements are most useful in applications that require the development of temperature gradients. In contrast, integrated methods are based on chemical and physical properties, structural arrangements, which are characterized by their low fabrication cost and a wide range of applications. The potential integration of these platforms with the Internet of Things technology is discussed as a potential new trend in the field.
Risk
Authors: Gupta Shivani 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRisk as a term invokes a sense of uncertainty and danger. Risk in androcentric discourses operates on gender binary modes postulating male and masculine as active risk‐takers; embedded in themes that rarely account for women's knowledge, opinions, and decisions. In this paper, I oppose such notions and propose risk as a feminist keyword—a term that provides potential to women's everyday worlds and presents women as active technicians of their own lives. Risk in its feminist rendition emerged in my ethnographic fieldwork in Banaras (North India). Banaras is a Hindu holy city that has obscured its women inhabitants and their experiences in its sacred rhetoric. In mapping women's worlds in Banaras, by privileging lived and embodied experiences, risk surfaced as an integral part of the everyday for women to contemplate their ways of being vis‐à‐vis the control, containment and violence deployed by patriarchy and its custodians. The paper argues that risk‐taking exists in ordinary domains and is not restricted to unique situations. It is taken by women to actualize their worlds through corporeal, experiential, and sensorial knowledge. Thus, risk as a feminist keyword provides unique ways to comprehend everyday insistences and resistances by marginal bodies.
Conformation, hydration, and ligand exchange process of ruthenium nitrosyl complexes in aqueous solution: Free‐energy calculations by a combination of molecular‐orbital theories and different solvent models
Authors: Kido Kentaro , Kaneko Masashi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDistribution of solvent molecules near transition‐metal complex is key information to comprehend the functionality, reactivity, and so forth. However, polarizable continuum solvent models still are the standard and conventional partner of molecular‐orbital (MO) calculations in the solution system including transition‐metal complex. In this study, we investigate the conformation, hydration, and ligand substitution reaction between NO2− and H2O in aqueous solution for [Ru(NO)(OH)(NO2)4]2− (A), [Ru(NO)(OH)(NO2)3(ONO)]2− (B), and [Ru(NO)(OH)(NO2)3(H2O)]− (C) using a combination method of MO theories and a state‐of‐the‐art molecular solvation technique (NI‐MC‐MOZ‐SCF). A dominant species is found in the complex B conformers and, as expected, different between the solvent models, which reveals that molecular solvation beyond continuum media treatment are required for a reliable description of solvation near transition‐metal complex. In the stability constant evaluation of ligand substitution reaction, an assumption that considers the direct association between the dissociated NO2− and complex C is useful to obtain a reliable stability constant.
Hospital‐initiated post‐discharge medication reviews in Australia: expert opinion on the barriers and enablers to implementation
Authors: Angley Manya , Criddle Deirdre , Rigby Deborah , Elliott Rohan A. , Phillips Katie , Penm Jonathan , Sluggett Janet K. , Gailer Joy , Thiele Horst , Page Amy T. , Pauw Carly , Gillespie Sarah , Shakib Sepehr , Yik Jerry 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMedication‐related harm can occur during transitions of care. Revised Home Medicines Review (HMR) and Residential Medication Management Review (RMMR) program rules were published in April 2020 which allowed provision for some hospital medical practitioners to refer at‐risk patients for medication review. In turn, the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia's (SHPA's) Transitions of Care and Primary Care Leadership Committee developed a framework to support hospitals facilitating Hospital‐Initiated Medication Reviews (HIMRs) via three pathways: HMR, RMMR, and Hospital Outreach Medication Review. Following the compilation of draft barriers and enablers to implementation of the SHPA HIMR framework, refinement occurred after broad consultation with hospital‐ and primary care‐based pharmacists with transitions of care experience. The finalised list of barriers and enablers can inform broadscale implementation of the SHPA HIMR framework to reduce medication‐related harm when high‐risk patients transition from hospital to primary care and aged care.
The use of mathematically standardized bilobed design perforator flaps for coverage of sacral pressure ulcers
Authors: Özkan Burak , Albayati Abbas , Tatar Burak Ergün , Uysal Cagri Ahmet 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSacral pressure ulcer reconstruction is frequently applied in plastic surgery practice. Although perforator flaps are frequently used, recurrence is not uncommon in patients. For this reason, using the as little area as possible during the reconstruction is vital. Therefore, we aimed to describe a mathematically standardized bilobed perforator flap design for sacral pressure ulcer reconstruction with a certain proportion and angle relation between limbs.MethodsA total of 17 patients (5 female/12 male)were included in this report. The mean age of the patients was 50.4 years (Ranging from 32 to 79 years). The patients with grade 3–4 sacral pressure ulcers were included in the report. The patients have grade 1–2 sacral ulcers or the other areas of pressure ulcer excluded. The size of the defects ranged from 8 × 14 cm to 5 x 16 cm. For ulcers in the sacral region, we used bilobed flaps that we mathematically standardized. The length of the first limb of the flap was planned 90° vertically oriented according to the distance between the perforator zone to the distal lateral border of the defect. The width of the first limb was kept equal to the length of the defect. The orientation of the second limb of the flap was designed 90 degrees horizontally according to the first limb. Therefore, the lengths of second limbs were calculated as half of the first limb's width, and the widths of second limbs were calculated as ¾ width of the first limb's width.ResultsA total of 10 flaps were elevated based on superior gluteal artery perforators, and seven flaps were nourished by inferior gluteal artery perforators. The mean size of the first limb of the flaps was 14.7 × 7.2 cm (Ranging from 8 to 20 × 6 to 13 cm). The mean size of the second limb of the flaps was 6.7 × 5.3 cm (Ranging from 5 to 12 × 4 to 8 cm). The mean size of defects was 10.5 × 7.3 cm (Ranging from 8 to 14 × 5 to 16). The mean rotation angle was 91.7° (ranging from 90 to 100). In the early postoperative period, the hematoma was detected in three patients and evacuated in one patient, resulting in wound separation. Tip necrosis was seen in a patient that was healed by wound care. No total flap loss was encountered. No late‐term recurrence was seen during the follow‐up. The mean follow‐up time was 13.1 months (Ranging from 4 to 24 months).ConclusionUnilateral standardized bilobed perforator can reliably be preferred in medium to large size sacral pressure ulcer defects.
Automated lung tumor delineation on positron emission tomography/computed tomography via a hybrid regional network
Authors: Lei Yang , Wang Tonghe , Jeong Jiwoong J. , Janopaul‐Naylor James , Kesarwala Aparna H. , Roper Justin , Tian Sibo , Bradley Jeffrey D. , Liu Tian , Higgins Kristin , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultimodality positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging combines the anatomical information of CT with the functional information of PET. In the diagnosis and treatment of many cancers, such as non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), PET/CT imaging allows more accurate delineation of tumor or involved lymph nodes for radiation planning.PurposeIn this paper, we propose a hybrid regional network method of automatically segmenting lung tumors from PET/CT images.MethodsThe hybrid regional network architecture synthesizes the functional and anatomical information from the two image modalities, whereas the mask regional convolutional neural network (R‐CNN) and scoring fine‐tune the regional location and quality of the output segmentation. This model consists of five major subnetworks, that is, a dual feature representation network (DFRN), a regional proposal network (RPN), a specific tumor‐wise R‐CNN, a mask‐Net, and a score head. Given a PET/CT image as inputs, the DFRN extracts feature maps from the PET and CT images. Then, the RPN and R‐CNN work together to localize lung tumors and reduce the image size and feature map size by removing irrelevant regions. The mask‐Net is used to segment tumor within a volume‐of‐interest (VOI) with a score head evaluating the segmentation performed by the mask‐Net. Finally, the segmented tumor within the VOI was mapped back to the volumetric coordinate system based on the location information derived via the RPN and R‐CNN. We trained, validated, and tested the proposed neural network using 100 PET/CT images of patients with NSCLC. A fivefold cross‐validation study was performed. The segmentation was evaluated with two indicators: (1) multiple metrics, including the Dice similarity coefficient, Jacard, 95th percentile Hausdorff distance, mean surface distance (MSD), residual mean square distance, and center‐of‐mass distance; (2) Bland–Altman analysis and volumetric Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsIn fivefold cross‐validation, this method achieved Dice and MSD of 0.84 ± 0.15 and 1.38 ± 2.2 mm, respectively. A new PET/CT can be segmented in 1 s by this model. External validation on The Cancer Imaging Archive dataset (63 PET/CT images) indicates that the proposed model has superior performance compared to other methods.ConclusionThe proposed method shows great promise to automatically delineate NSCLC tumors on PET/CT images, thereby allowing for a more streamlined clinical workflow that is faster and reduces physician effort.
Greater habitual resveratrol intakes were associated with lower risk of hip fracture‐ a 1:1 matched case–control study in Chinese elderly
Authors: Liu Zhao‐min , Li Shu‐yi , Huang Qi , Zeng Fang‐fang , Li Bao‐lin , Cao Wen‐ting , Chen Yu‐ming 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to testify the association of dietary resveratrol (RSV) intakes with hip fracture risk in Chinese elderly. This was a 1:1 age‐ and gender‐ matched case–control study. Eligible cases were newly diagnosed patients of hip fracture. Dietary assessment was made by a 79‐item validated food frequency questionnaire. Habitual RSV intakes were estimated as the sum of trans‐ and cis‐ isomers of resveratrol and piceid according to the available database. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was applied to examine the relationship of dietary RSV and RSV‐rich foods with hip fracture risk. A total of 1,070 pairs of hip fracture incident cases and controls were recruited and 1,065 were included for analysis. Compared with the lowest group, total RSV in the highest quartile group had significantly reduced hip fracture risk by 66.3% (OR: 0.337, 0.222 ~ 0.571, ptrend < 0.001). Similar findings were observed for cis‐ and trans‐RSV, cis‐ and trans‐Piceid, as well as RSV‐rich foods (grapes, apples and nuts) respectively. Subgroup analysis suggested more evident findings among female and less obese participants. Our findings demonstrated that higher habitual RSV intakes and RSV‐rich foods, even in a relatively low amount, were associated with reduced risk of hip fracture in Chinese elderly.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: Recent progress in antimicrobial applications
Authors: Younis Almotasem Bellah , Haddad Yazan , Kosaristanova Ludmila , Smerkova Kristyna 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor decades, the antimicrobial applications of nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted the attention of scientists as a strategy for controlling the ever‐increasing threat of multidrug‐resistant microorganisms. The photo‐induced antimicrobial properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs by ultraviolet (UV) light are well known. This review elaborates on the modern methods and antimicrobial mechanisms of TiO2 NPs and their modifications to better understand and utilize their potential in various biomedical applications. Additional compounds can be grafted onto TiO2 nanomaterial, leading to hybrid metallic or non‐metallic materials. To improve the antimicrobial properties, many approaches involving TiO2 have been tested. The results of selected studies from the past few years covering the most recent trends in this field are discussed in this review. There is extensive evidence to show that TiO2 NPs can exhibit certain antimicrobial features with disputable roles of UV light. Hence, they are effective in treating bacterial infections, although the majority of these conclusions came from in vitro studies and in the presence of some additional nanomaterials. The methods of evaluation varied depending on the nature of the research while researchers incorporated different techniques, including determining the minimum inhibitory concentration, cell count, and using disk and well diffusion methods, with a noticeable indication that cell count was the most and dominant criterion used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity.This article is categorized under:
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Network Intrusion Detection System Based on an Adversarial Auto-Encoder with Few Labeled Training Samples
Authors: Shiomoto Kohei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNetwork intrusion detection systems (NIDS) are critical to defending network systems from cyber attacks. Recently, machine learning has been applied to enhance NIDS capability. To train a supervised machine-learning model, a large number of labeled training samples are required to achieve practical performance. However, labeling data samples is a costly task. Additionally, obtaining anomaly data samples is difficult because trends in network traffic that are subject to NIDS change daily, and new attacks continue to be generated. To address this issue, we propose a semi-supervised machine-learning-based NIDS that reduces the required number of labeled training samples by applying an adversarial auto-encoder (AAE) technique. We evaluated the proposed method through a series of experiments and confirmed that the proposed AAE-based NIDS achieves performance comparable to that of multi-layer perceptron-based NIDS with only 0.1% of the labeled training samples. We also confirmed that the selection of data samples for annotation does not affect the performance of the proposed AAE-based NIDS. We also evaluated the relationship between the performance of the proposed method and the dimension of its latent-variable vector. The best performance as measured by recall and F1 score occurred when the dimensionality of the latent variable vector was 10, which suggests that this structure allows for accurate decomposition of attack and normal. This study presents promising results obtained by the proposed semi-supervised learning method with a reduced number of labeled training samples, which reduces the operational costs of a machine-learning-based NIDS.
An investigation of the impact of Black male and female actors on US movies’ box-office across countries
Authors: Giannetti Verdiana , Chen Jieke 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGlobalization has resulted in an environment in which foreign markets constitute a large portion of new product sales. This is particularly the case in the movie industry. The movie industry is also pressured to increase the representation of ethnic minorities, especially in casting choices. We investigate how Black (1) male and (2) female actors affect the country-level international box-office of 788 US movies released in 2012–2019. The results show that Black male (female) actors increase (decrease) a movie’s box-office in a given country. Extending developments in the literature on intergroup contact, we examine how these effects are moderated by (a) actors’ star power, (b) the number of releases prior to release in the country, (c) the time-lag between worldwide release and release in the country, and (d) whether the country is emerging (vs. developed).
2N labeling defense method against adversarial attacks by filtering and extended class label set
Authors: Szűcs Gábor , Kiss Richárd 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe fast improvement of deep learning methods resulted in breakthroughs in image classification, however, these models are sensitive to adversarial perturbations, which can cause serious problems. Adversarial attacks try to change the model output by adding noise to the input, in our research we propose a combined defense method against it. Two defense approaches have been evolved in the literature, one robustizes the attacked model for higher accuracy, and the other approach detects the adversarial examples. Only very few papers discuss both approaches, thus our aim was to combine them to obtain a more robust model and to examine the combination, in particular the filtering capability of the detector. Our contribution was that the filtering based on the decision of the detector is able to enhance the accuracy, which was theoretically proved. Besides that, we developed a novel defense method called 2N labeling, where we extended the idea of the NULL labeling method. While the NULL labeling suggests only one new class for the adversarial examples, the 2N labeling method suggests twice as much. The novelty of our idea is that a new extended class is assigned to each original class, as the adversarial version of it, thus it assists the detector and robust classifier as well. The 2N labeling method was compared to competitor methods on two test datasets. The results presented that our method surpassed the others, and it can operate with a constant classification performance regardless of the presence or amplitude of adversarial attacks.
On an integrated Krylov-ADI solver for large-scale Lyapunov equations
Authors: Benner Peter , Palitta Davide , Saak Jens 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOne of the most computationally expensive steps of the low-rank ADI method for large-scale Lyapunov equations is the solution of a shifted linear system at each iteration. We propose the use of the extended Krylov subspace method for this task. In particular, we illustrate how a single approximation space can be constructed to solve all the shifted linear systems needed to achieve a prescribed accuracy in terms of Lyapunov residual norm. Moreover, we show how to fully merge the two iterative procedures in order to obtain a novel, efficient implementation of the low-rank ADI method, for an important class of equations. Many state-of-the-art algorithms for the shift computation can be easily incorporated into our new scheme, as well. Several numerical results illustrate the potential of our novel procedure when compared to an implementation of the low-rank ADI method based on sparse direct solvers for the shifted linear systems.