bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of the astropause by periodic fluctuations of the stellar wind
Authors: Korolkov S D , Izmodenov V V 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The main goal of this paper is to explore why observations of many astrospheres (or circumstellar bubbles) show quite stable and smooth structures of astropauses – the tangential discontinuities separating the stellar and interstellar winds – while both theory and numerical simulations suggest that tangential discontinuities are unstable due to well known Kelvin–Helmholtz (K-H) instability. It was recognized before that magnetic fields may stabilize the astropauses. In this paper, we explore another mechanism to reduce the K-H instability of the astropauses. This mechanism is a periodic change of the stellar wind dynamic pressure. Fluctuations of the stellar wind parameters are quite expected. For example, the Sun has an 11-yr cycle of global activity although there are also shorter periods of the solar wind fluctuations. We performed the parametric numerical study and demonstrate that the development of the K-H instability depends on the dimensionless parameter χ, which is the ratio of the stellar wind terminal speed and interstellar flow speed. The larger the parameter χ, the larger the fluctuations caused by the K-H instability. It has been shown that the K-H instability is convective which agrees with the previous linear analysis. The stabilization of the astropause by the periodic fluctuations in the stellar wind lead is demonstrated. It is shown that for the solar wind the most effective stabilization occurs when the period of stellar parameter change is about 1–4 yr. For the 11-yr solar cycle, the stabilization effect is weaker.
A promising formation channel for symbiotic X-ray binaries: cases of IGR J17329−2731 and 4U 1700+24
Authors: Ablimit Iminhaji 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Recent observations demonstrate that the symbiotic X-ray binary (SyXB) IGR J17329−2731 contains a highly magnetized neutron star (NS), which accretes matter through the wind from its giant star companion, and suggest that 4U 1700+24 may also have a highly magnetized NS. Accretion-induced collapse (AIC) from oxygen–neon–magnesium white dwarf (ONeMg WD) + red giant (RG) star binaries is one promising channel to form these SyXBs, while other long standing formation channels have difficulties to produce these SyXBs. By considering non-magnetic and magnetic ONeMg WDs, I investigate the evolution of ONeMg WD + RG binaries with the mesa stellar evolution code for producing SyXBs with non-magnetic or magnetized NSs. In the pre-AIC evolution with magnetic confinement, the mass accumulation efficiency of the accreting WD is increased at low-mass transfer rate compared with the non-magnetic case. The newborn NSs formed via AIC of highly magnetized WDs could inherit the large magnetic field through conservation of magnetic flux, and the systems could have a long age compatible with that of the red giant companions. These young and highly magnetized NSs could accrete matters from the stellar wind of the giant companions to that shine as those observed SyXBs, and could preserve their high magnetic field during this time. The mesa calculation results show that the initial parameter (initial RG mass and orbital period) space for the AIC with magnetic confinement to form SyXBs with highly magnetized NSs shifts to be lower and narrower compared with that of the no magnetic confinement case.
Heavy-element accretion by proto-Jupiter in a massive planetesimal disc, revisited
Authors: Shibata S , Helled R , Kobayashi H 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Planetesimal accretion is a key source for heavy-element enrichment in giant planets. It has been suggested that Jupiter’s enriched envelope is a result of planetesimal accretion during its growth, assuming it formed in a massive planetesimal disc. In this study, we simulate Jupiter’s formation in this scenario. We assume in situ formation and perform N-body simulations to infer the solid accretion rate. We find that tens-Earth masses of planetesimals can be captured by proto-Jupiter during the rapid gas accretion phase. However, if several embryos are formed near Jupiter’s core, which is an expected outcome in the case of a massive planetesimal disc, scattering from the embryos increases the eccentricity and inclination of planetesimals and therefore significantly reduces the accretion efficiency. We also compare our results with published semi-analytical models and show that these models cannot reproduce the N-body simulations especially when the planetesimal disc has a large eccentricity and inclination. We show that when the dynamical evolution of planetesimals is carefully modelled, the total mass of captured planetesimals Mcap,tot is 2M⊕ ≲ Mcap,tot ≲ 18M⊕. The metallicity of Jupiter’s envelope can be explained by the planetesimal accretion in our massive disc model despite the low accretion efficiency coming from the high eccentricity and inclination of planetesimals. Our study demonstrates the importance of detailed modelling of planetesimal accretion during the planetary growth and its implications to the heavy-element mass in gaseous planets.
The most probable host of CHIME FRB 190425A, associated with binary neutron star merger GW190425, and a late-time transient search
Authors: Panther Fiona H , Anderson Gemma E , Bhandari Shivani , Goodwin Adelle J , Hurley-Walker Natasha , James Clancy W , Kawka Adela , Ai Shunke , Kovalam Manoj , Moroianu Alexandra , Wen Linqing , Zhang Bing 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The identification and localization of fast radio bursts (FRBs) to their host galaxies have revealed important details about the progenitors of these mysterious, millisecond-long bursts of coherent radio emission. In this work, we study the most probable host galaxy of the apparently non-repeating CHIME/FRB event FRB 20190425A – a particularly high-luminosity, low-dispersion measure event that was demonstrated in a recent paper to be temporally and spatially coincident with the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA binary neutron star merger GW190425, suggesting an astrophysical association (p-value 0.0052). In this paper, we remain agnostic to this result, and we confirm UGC10667 as the most probable host galaxy of FRB 20190425A, demonstrating that the host galaxies of low-dispersion measure, one-off CHIME FRBs can be plausibly identified. We then perform multiwavelength observations to characterize the galaxy and search for any afterglow emission associated with the FRB and its putative GW counterpart. We find no radio or optical transient emission in our observations $2.5\, \mathrm{yr}$ post-burst. UGC10667 is a spiral galaxy at z ∼ 0.03, dominated by an old stellar population. We find no evidence of a large population of young stars, with nebular emission dominated by star formation at a rate of $1\!-\!2\, ~\mathrm{M_\odot \, yr^{-1}}$. While we cannot rule out a young magnetar as the origin of FRB 20190425A, our observations are consistent with an origin in a long delay-time neutron star binary merger.
Fine-Mapping and Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveal the Gene Composition at theSandZSelf-incompatibility Loci in Grasses
Authors: Rohner Marius , Manzanares Chloé , Yates Steven , Thorogood Daniel , Copetti Dario , Lübberstedt Thomas , Asp Torben , Studer Bruno 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSelf-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic mechanism of hermaphroditic plants to prevent inbreeding after self-pollination. Allogamous Poaceae species exhibit a unique gametophytic SI system controlled by two multi-allelic and independent loci, S and Z. Despite intense research efforts in the last decades, the genes that determine the initial recognition mechanism are yet to be identified. Here, we report the fine-mapping of the Z-locus in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and provide evidence that the pollen and stigma components are determined by two genes encoding DUF247 domain proteins (ZDUF247-I and ZDUF247-II) and the gene sZ, respectively. The pollen and stigma determinants are located side-by-side and were genetically linked in 10,245 individuals of two independent mapping populations segregating for Z. Moreover, they exhibited high allelic diversity as well as tissue-specific gene expression, matching the expected characteristics of SI determinants known from other systems. Revisiting the S-locus using the latest high-quality whole-genome assemblies revealed a similar gene composition and structure as found for Z, supporting the hypothesis of a duplicated origin of the two-locus SI system of grasses. Ultimately, comparative genomic analyses across a wide range of self-compatible and self-incompatible Poaceae species revealed that the absence of a functional copy of at least one of the six putative SI determinants is accompanied by a self-compatible phenotype. Our study provides new insights into the origin and evolution of the unique gametophytic SI system in one of the largest and economically most important plant families.
Unintended Consequences: Testing the Effects of Adolescent-Targeted Anti-vaping Media Upon Adult Smokers
Authors: Sawyer Leslie E , Brandon Thomas H 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other organizations have produced and disseminated public health campaigns designed to deter youth from vaping. Yet it is unknown how these campaigns affect adult smokers exposed to these messages with respect to their perceptions of e-cigarettes and their motivation to use these products to reduce or quit smoking.Aims and MethodsA controlled experimental design was used to investigate the effects of an FDA-distributed youth-targeted anti-vaping public service announcement (PSA), “Vaping is an Epidemic,” upon adult smokers. We randomized 161 daily smokers to view either the FDA PSA or a matched video absent of e-cigarette content, and we hypothesized that the PSA would impact variables related to harm reduction usage of e-cigarettes, including cognitive expectancies, perceived harm, smoking cessation effectiveness, and reported likelihood of switching from smoking to vaping.ResultsThe PSA produced increases in both health risk and potency expectancies. Viewing the PSA compared to the control video resulted in overall more negative expectancies about e-cigarettes and all other variables related to harm reduction usage. Those who viewed the PSA rated e-cigarettes as more harmful (p &lt; .001) and less effective for smoking cessation (p &lt; .01), and they reported lower switching motivation (p &lt; .001).ConclusionsFindings indicated that adult smokers who viewed the PSA were less likely to consider e-cigarettes for smoking cessation, thus reducing acceptance of a potential cessation aid with growing empirical support. Sensationalized youth-oriented anti-vaping messages may have unintended public health consequences upon adult audiences.ImplicationsThis study is the first controlled experiment examining the effects of youth-oriented anti-vaping PSAs upon adult smokers’ cognitive expectancies and beliefs about e-cigarettes. Exposure to the PSA resulted in overall more negative expectancies about e-cigarettes, as well as increased perceived harmfulness and reduced effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. Findings showed that these PSAs could deter adult smokers from the utilization of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation or harm reduction strategy.
Schistosoma mansoni Infection Is Associated With Increased Monocytes and Fewer Natural Killer T Cells in the Female Genital Tract
Authors: Kingery Justin R , Chalem Andrea , Mukerebe Crispin , Shigella Peter S , Miyaye Donald , Magawa Ruth G , Ward Maureen , Kalluvya Samuel E , McCormick Jason , Maganga Jane K , Colombe Soledad , Aristide Christine , Corstjens Paul L A M , Lee Myung Hee , Changalucha John M , Downs Jennifer A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni infection may impair genital mucosal antiviral immunity, but immune cell populations have not been well characterized. We characterized mononuclear cells from cervical brushings of women with and without S mansoni infection. We observed lower frequencies of natural killer T cells and higher frequencies of CD14+ monocytes in infected women.
Woody plant encroachment reduces density of most grassland specialists in a desert grassland but has limited influence on nest survival
Authors: Andersen Erik M , Steidl Robert J 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWoody plants are proliferating in grassland ecosystems worldwide, altering distributions and demography of many imperiled species. The transition from grassland to shrubland is especially prevalent in semiarid regions, but the influence of woody plant encroachment (WPE) on birds that breed in desert grasslands is poorly understood, which reduces the potential for developing effective conservation actions for this imperiled group. During 2013–2015, we surveyed breeding birds on 140 10-ha plots in southeastern Arizona, USA, that spanned a gradient of encroachment (0–37% cover) by Prosopis (mesquite), which has invaded grasslands worldwide. We evaluated the effect of WPE on density, nest placement, and nest survival at 3 spatial scales (within 1.5 m and 5 m of the nest and at the 10-ha plot) for common species and 3 species groups: obligate grassland specialists (n = 7 species), facultative grassland specialists (n = 17), and species not typically associated with grasslands (n = 42). Density of the obligate species group decreased by 30% across the gradient of shrub (0.5–2 m tall) cover and by 23% across the gradient of tree (&gt;2 m tall) cover. For 3 of 4 obligate species, density decreased by ≥50% when tree cover increased from 0 to 15%. In contrast, density of the facultative species group nearly tripled as tree cover increased from 0 to 22%. Obligate species placed nests 3.5 times farther from trees than facultative species (51.9 vs. 14.8 m). WPE influenced nest survival for 2 species but effects were inconsistent across spatial scales: nest survival of Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) decreased with increasing cover of trees on plots and shrubs within 5 m of the nest, and nest survival of Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) increased with increasing cover of shrubs on plots. Our results demonstrate that many grassland obligates are affected adversely even by small increases in woody cover. Consequently, restoration efforts should focus on early stages of WPE (i.e., cover &lt;10% and shrubs &lt;2 m tall) when removal of woody plants is more effective and less expensive relative to later stages.
Long, Dark Shadows in Our Heads
Authors: Giotis Chrisanthi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter works towards decolonizing foreign correspondence from sub-Saharan Africa by excavating how it is influenced by writing tropes inherited from the colonial period. Despite improvements, research continues to find the dominance of western-framed perspectives. As such, the task of decolonization is vitally important. Using postcolonial literature to look at the writing tropes of the Africanist discourse and their connections to modern media frames, the chapter introduces a conceptual map helping to visualize the links between past and present. The lacuna (dark nothingness) trope of Africanist discourse is identified as most problematic for foreign correspondence. Drawing in analogous analysis from the development field, this leads to development of a new concept: the “lacuna effect,” that is, the poor reporting that takes place because incomprehension seems a “natural” frame of reporting for sub-Saharan Africa.
ORP8 acts as a lipophagy receptor to mediate lipid droplet turnover
Authors: Pu Maomao , Zheng Wenhui , Zhang Hongtao , Wan Wei , Peng Chao , Chen Xuebo , Liu Xinchang , Xu Zizhen , Zhou Tianhua , Sun Qiming , Neculai Dante , Liu Wei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lipophagy, the selective engulfment of lipid droplets (LDs) by autophagosomes for lysosomal degradation, is critical to lipid and energy homeostasis. Here we show that the lipid transfer protein ORP8 is located on LDs and mediates the encapsulation of LDs by autophagosomal membranes. This function of ORP8 is independent of its lipid transporter activity and is achieved through direct interaction with phagophore-anchored LC3/GABARAPs. Upon lipophagy induction, ORP8 has increased localization on LDs and is phosphorylated by AMPK, thereby enhancing its affinity for LC3/GABARAPs. Deletion of ORP8 or interruption of ORP8-LC3/GABARAP interaction results in accumulation of LDs and increased intracellular triglyceride. Overexpression of ORP8 alleviates LD and triglyceride deposition in the liver of ob/ob mice, and Osbpl8 −/− mice exhibit liver lipid clearance defects. Our results suggest that ORP8 is a lipophagy receptor that plays a key role in cellular lipid metabolism.
Feasibility study of mobile phone photography as a possible outcome measure of systemic sclerosis-related digital lesions
Authors: Davison Adrian K , Dinsdale Graham , New Paul , Manning Joanne , Patrick Helen , Taxiarchi Vicky P , Dixon William G , Vail Andy , Murray Andrea K , Dickinson Mark , Taylor Christopher , Herrick Ariane L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
Clinical trials assessing systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related digital ulcers have been hampered by a lack of reliable outcome measures of healing. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of patients collecting high-quality mobile phone images of their digital lesions as a first step in developing a smartphone-based outcome measure.

Methods
Patients with SSc-related digital (finger) lesions photographed one or more lesions each day for 30 days using their smartphone and uploaded the images to a secure Dropbox folder. Image quality was assessed using six criteria: blurriness, shadow, uniformity of lighting, dot location, dot angle and central positioning of the lesion. Patients completed a feedback questionnaire.

Results
Twelve patients returned 332 photographs of 18 lesions. Each patient sent a median of 29.5 photographs [interquartile range (IQR) 15–33.5], with a median of 15 photographs per lesion (IQR 6–32). Twenty-two photographs were duplicates. Of the remaining 310 images, 256 (77%) were sufficiently in focus; 268 (81%) had some shadow; lighting was even in 56 (17%); dot location was acceptable in 233 (70%); dot angle was ideal in 107 (32%); and the lesion was centred in 255 (77%). Patient feedback suggested that 6 of 10 would be willing to record images daily in future studies, and 9 of 10 at least one to three times per week.

Conclusion
Taking smartphone photographs of digital lesions was feasible for most patients, with most lesions in focus and central in the image. These promising results will inform the next research phase (to develop a smartphone monitoring application incorporating photographs and symptom tracking).
Dysfunction of the cardiac parasympathetic system in fatal familial insomnia: a heart rate variability study
Authors: Cui Yue , Huang Zhaoyang , Chu Min , Xie Kexin , Zhan Shuqin , Ghorayeb Imad , Garay Arturo , Chen Zhongyun , Jing Donglai , Wang Yingtao , Wu Liyong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStudy ObjectivesAlthough sympathetic hyperactivity with preserved parasympathetic activity has been extensively recognized in fatal familial insomnia (FFI), the symptoms of parasympathetic nervous system failure observed in some patients are difficult to explain. Using heart rate variability (HRV), this study aimed to discover evidence of parasympathetic dysfunction in patients with FFI and the difference of parasympathetic activity between patients with FFI and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD).MethodsThis study enrolled nine patients with FFI, eight patients with CJD and 18 healthy controls (HCs) from May 2013 to August 2020. All participants underwent a nocturnal video-polysomnography with lead II electrocardiography, and the data were analyzed using linear and nonlinear indices of HRV during both wake and sleep states.ResultsCompared to the HC and CJD groups, the FFI group had a continuously higher heart rate with a lower amplitude of oscillations. The low frequency (LF)/high frequency (HF) ratio and ratio of SD1 to SD2 and correlation dimension D2 (CD2) were significantly different in the FFI group compared to the HC group. The root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), HF and SD1 in the FFI group were significantly lower than in the HC group. RMSSD, SD1, and CD2 in the FFI group were all significantly lower than in the CJD group.ConclusionsCardiovascular dysautonomia in FFI may be partly attributable to parasympathetic abnormalities, not just sympathetic activation. HRV may be helpful as a noninvasive, quantitative, and effective autonomic function test for FFI diagnosis.
Postsurgical Outcomes with Meshes for Two-stage Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction in 20,817 Patients
Authors: Wells Michael W. , Chang Irene A. , Gatherwright James R. , Festekjian Jaco H. , Delong Michael R. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Use of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) for tissue expander breast reconstruction remains controversial with an uncertain safety and efficacy profile. This study analyzes the rates and factors for reoperation and postoperative infection in patients who underwent tissue expander breast reconstruction with and without ADM.

Methods:
Patients who underwent breast reconstruction with and without ADM were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database utilizing CPT codes. Covariates included patient demographics, preoperative comorbidities, and operative characteristics, while outcomes of interest were postoperative infection and reoperation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of adverse outcomes.

Results:
There were 8334 patients in the ADM cohort and 12,451 patients who underwent tissue expander breast reconstruction without ADM. There were significantly fewer reoperations in the non-ADM cohort (5.4%) compared to the ADM cohort (7.7%) (P < 0.0001), with infection and hematoma as the most common etiologies in both cohorts. Surgical infections were also more prevalent in the ADM cohort (4.7%) compared with the non-ADM cohort (3.6%) (P < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate analysis of the tissue expander breast reconstruction cohort revealed race, obesity, hypertension, smoking status, albumin, and operative time as predictive for infection risk, while race, obesity, hypertension, smoking, albumin, operative time, and age were significant for reoperation.

Conclusion:
Our study of 20,817 patients revealed significantly higher risk of infection and reoperation in patients who underwent breast reconstruction utilizing ADM versus without ADM. Patients considering ADM for breast reconstruction should engage in discussion with their surgeon about complications, aesthetics, and cost.