bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin II Regulates Mitochondrial mTOR Pathway Activity Dependent on Acyl-CoA Synthetase 4 in Adrenocortical Cells
Authors: Helfenberger Katia E , Argentino Giuliana F , Benzo Yanina , Herrera Lucía M , Finocchietto Paola , Poderoso Cecilia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Two well-known protein complexes in mammalian cells, mTOR type 1 and type 2 (mTORC1/2) are involved in several cellular processes such as protein synthesis, cell proliferation, and commonly dysregulated in cancer. An acyl-CoA synthetase type 4 (ACSL4) is one of the most recently mTORC1/2 regulators described, in breast cancer cells. The expression of ACSL4 is hormone-regulated in adrenocortical cells and required for steroid biosynthesis. mTORC1/2 have been reported to be crucial in the proliferation of human adrenocortical tumor cells H295R and interestingly reported at several subcellular locations, which has brought cell biology to the vanguard of the mTOR signaling field. In the present work, we study the regulation of mTORC1/2 activation by angiotensin II (Ang II)—the trophic hormone for adrenocortical cells—the subcellular localization of mTORC1/2 signaling proteins and the role of ACSL4 in the regulation of this pathway, in H295R cells. Ang II promotes activation by phosphorylation of mTORC1/2 pathway proteins in a time-dependent manner. Mitochondrial pools of ribosomal protein S6, protein kinase B (Akt) in threonine 308, and serine 473 and Rictor are phosphorylated and activated. Glycogen synthase kinase type 3 (GSK3) is phosphorylated and inactivated in mitochondria, favoring mTORC1 activation. Epidermal growth factor, a classic mTORC1/2 activator, promoted unique activation kinetics of mTORC1/2 pathway, except for Akt phosphorylation. Here, we demonstrate that ACSL4 is necessary for mTORC1/2 effectors phosphorylation and H295R proliferation, triggered by Ang II. Ang II promotes activation of mitochondrial mTORC1/2 signaling proteins, through ACSL4, with a direct effect on adrenocortical cellular proliferation.
Functional Reorganization of the Mesial Frontal Premotor Cortex in Patients With Supplementary Motor Area Seizures
Authors: Hong Jennifer , Quon Robert J. , Song Yinchen , Xie Tiankang , Levy Joshua J. , D'Agostino Erin , Camp Edward J. , Roberts David W. , Jobst Barbara C. 
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:
Direct cortical stimulation of the mesial frontal premotor cortex, including the supplementary motor area (SMA), is challenging in humans. Limited access to these brain regions impedes understanding of human premotor cortex functional organization and somatotopy.

OBJECTIVE:
To test whether seizure onset within the SMA was associated with functional remapping of mesial frontal premotor areas in a cohort of patients with epilepsy who underwent awake brain mapping after implantation of interhemispheric subdural electrodes.

METHODS:
Stimulation trials from 646 interhemispheric subdural electrodes were analyzed and compared between patients who had seizure onset in the SMA (n = 13) vs patients who had seizure onset outside of the SMA (n = 12). 1:1 matching with replacement between SMA and non-SMA data sets was used to ensure similar spatial distribution of electrodes. Centroids and 95% confidence regions were computed for clustered head, trunk, upper extremity, lower extremity, and vision responses. A generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to test for significant differences in the resulting functional maps. Clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic data were reviewed.

RESULTS:
After analyzing direct cortical stimulation trials from interhemispheric electrodes, we found significant displacement of the head and trunk responses in SMA compared with non-SMA patients (P < .01 for both). These differences remained significant after accounting for structural lesions, preexisting motor deficits, and seizure outcome.

CONCLUSION:
The somatotopy of the mesial frontal premotor regions is significantly altered in patients who have SMA-onset seizures compared with patients who have seizure onset outside of the SMA, suggesting that functional remapping can occur in these brain regions.
Approaches to investigating metabolism in human neurodevelopment using organoids: insights from intestinal and cancer studies
Authors: Morales Alexandria , Andrews Madeline G. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Interrogating the impact of metabolism during development is important for understanding cellular and tissue formation, organ and systemic homeostasis, and dysregulation in disease states. To evaluate the vital functions metabolism coordinates during human brain development and disease, pluripotent stem cell-derived models, such as organoids, provide tractable access to neurodevelopmental processes. Despite many strengths of neural organoid models, the extent of their replication of endogenous metabolic programs is currently unclear and requires direct investigation. Studies in intestinal and cancer organoids that functionally evaluate dynamic bioenergetic changes provide a framework that can be adapted for the study of neural metabolism. Validation of in vitro models remains a significant challenge; investigation using in vivo models and primary tissue samples is required to improve our in vitro model systems and, concomitantly, improve our understanding of human development.
LRRK1-mediated NDEL1 phosphorylation promotes cilia disassembly via dynein-2-driven retrograde intraflagellar transport
Authors: Hanafusa Hiroshi , Kedashiro Shin , Gotoh Mako , Saitoh Ko-hei , Inaba Hironori , Nishioka Tomoki , Kaibuchi Kozo , Inagaki Masaki , Hisamoto Naoki , Matsumoto Kunihiro 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Primary cilia are antenna-like organelles that regulate growth and development via extracellular signals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cilia dynamics, particularly those regulating their disassembly, are not well understood. Here, we show that leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 (LRRK1) plays a role in regulating cilia disassembly. The depletion of LRRK1 impairs primary cilia resorption following serum stimulation in cultured cells. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) plays an important role in this process. During ciliary resorption, PLK1 phosphorylates LRRK1 at the primary cilia base, resulting in its activation. We identified nuclear distribution protein nudE-like 1 (NDEL1), which is known to positively regulate cilia disassembly, as a target of LRRK1 phosphorylation. Whereas LRRK1 phosphorylation of NDEL1 on Ser-155 promotes NDEL1 interaction with the intermediate chains of cytoplasmic dynein-2, it is also crucial for triggering ciliary resorption through dynein-2-driven retrograde intraflagellar transport. These findings provide evidence that a novel PLK1–LRRK1–NDEL1 pathway regulates cilia disassembly.
HormonomicsDB: a novel workflow for the untargeted analysis of plant growth regulators and hormones
Authors: Giebelhaus Ryland T. , Erland Lauren A.E. , Murch Susan J. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Metabolomics is the simultaneous determination of all metabolites in a system. Despite significant advances in the field, compound identification remains a challenge. Prior knowledge of the compound classes of interest can improve metabolite identification. Hormones are a small signaling molecules, which function in coordination to direct all aspects of development, function and reproduction in living systems and which also pose challenges as environmental contaminants. Hormones are inherently present at low levels in tissues, stored in many forms and mobilized rapidly in response to a stimulus making them difficult to measure, identify and quantify. Methods: An in-depth literature review was performed for known hormones, their precursors, metabolites and conjugates in plants to generate the database and an RShiny App developed to enable web-based searches against the database. An accompanying liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC-MS) protocol was developed with retention time prediction in Retip. A meta-analysis of 14 plant metabolomics studies was used for validation. Results: We developed HormonomicsDB, a tool which can be used to query an untargeted mass spectrometry (MS) dataset against a database of more than 200 known hormones, their precursors and metabolites. The protocol encompasses sample preparation, analysis, data processing and hormone annotation and is designed to minimize degradation of labile hormones. The plant system is used a model to illustrate the workflow and data acquisition and interpretation. Analytical conditions were standardized to a 30 min analysis time using a common solvent system to allow for easy transfer by a researcher with basic knowledge of MS. Incorporation of synthetic biotransformations enables prediction of novel metabolites. Conclusions: HormonomicsDB is suitable for use on any LC-MS based system with compatible column and buffer system, enables the characterization of the known hormonome across a diversity of samples, and hypothesis generation to reveal knew insights into hormone signaling networks.
Detection of sleep apnea using polysomnographic signals
Authors: Usha Kumari Ch. , K Swaraja , K Meenakshi , T Padma 
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Sleep is important in humans, and it is affected by lifestyle changes. Improper sleep leads to serious physiological problems and disorders that occurs in human brain/scalp. These physiological changes and electrical activity of the human brain are recorded as electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. This paper describes the detection of a major sleep disorder \textit{i.e.}, sleep apnea (SA). Methods: In this paper, sleep apnea is measured using various artifacts taken from the subjects. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to extract characteristics from an electroencephalogram (EEG) signal and to detect sleep. This is used to determine whether a person has obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or central sleep apnea (CSA). The wavelet technique is used to split the EEG signal into five frequency bands: delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma. Results: For these five frequency bands, the mean, standard deviation, variance, maximum, minimum, and energy are computed. Discussion: A sleep problem is detected based on these characteristics.
Interplay between COVID-19 vaccines and social measures for ending the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Young Glenn , Xiao Pengcheng , Newcomb Ken , Michael Edwin 
Published: October 2022

Background: The development and authorization of COVID-19 vaccines has provided the clearest path forward to eliminate community spread and thus end the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, the limited pace at which the vaccine can be administered motivates the question, to what extent must we continue to adhere to social intervention measures such as mask wearing and social distancing? Methods: We develop a mathematical model of COVID-19 spread incorporating both vaccine dynamics and socio-epidemiological parameters. We use this model to study two important measures of disease control and eradication, the effective reproductive number Rt and the peak intensive care unit (ICU) caseload, over three key parameters: social measure adherence, vaccination rate, and vaccination coverage. Results: Our results suggest that, due to the slow pace of vaccine administration, social measures must be maintained by a large proportion of the population until a sufficient proportion of the population becomes vaccinated for the pandemic to be eradicated. By contrast, with reduced adherence to social measures, hospital ICU cases will greatly exceed capacity, resulting in increased avoidable loss of life. We then investigate the threat of localized outbreaks in low-vaccinated populations that have removed all social intervention mandates, and show that such populations could remain highly susceptible to major outbreaks particularly in the face of more easily transmissible variants. Conclusions: These findings highlight the complex interplay involved between vaccination and social protective measures, and indicate the practical importance of continuing with extant social measures while vaccines are scaled up to allow the development of the herd immunity needed to end or control SARS-CoV-2 sustainably.
Nutrition and somatic traits of women with different physical activity and various menstrual status
Authors: Czeczelewski Jan 
Published: October 2022

Background. There are publications which indicate a relationship between dietary pattern and somatic traits. Others report on link between somatic traits and physical activity. However, sparse studies discuss relationship between these three factors, i.e. nutrition, somatic traits and physical activity.
Objectives. This survey aimed to analyze relationships between nutrition (amount and source of energy in food) and somatic traits (body height, body mass, fat content of the body) of women with different physical activity and various menstrual status.
Material and methods. Investigations covered 312 women who were assessed for: somatic traits, average daily energy consumption and percentage contribution of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in providing energy. The physical activity was assessed by computing the physical activity index (PAI) being a ratio of daily energy expenditure (DEE) to basal metabolic rate (BMR). Among the women two groups were distinguished based on centile charts of the PAI developed for a given population, i.e.: women with a low (PAI≤10 cpts) and women with a high (PAI≥90 cpts) level of physical activity.
Results. The highly physically active women were characterized by a lower body fat content, lower BMI values, and higher percentage of lean body mass compared to the women with a low level of physical activity. The highly active women showed a tendency for an increased consumption of whole-meal bread, milk and dairy products, vegetables (including potatoes), fruits, and sweets as well as a tendency for a reduced consumption of meat and processed meat products, both types of butter, and lard, compared to the little active women.
Conclusions. It seems that the physical activity of the women had a direct impact on their nutrition. In turn, by affecting the somatic traits (body mass and composition), their eating habits could influence their physical activity.
Academic knowledge brokering in local policy spaces: negotiating and implementing dynamic idea types
Authors: Weakley Sarah , Waite David 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Academic researchers are occupying more varied roles as both knowledge producers and knowledge brokers in policymaking spaces beyond the national level. As the local arena presents different dimensions to the knowledge-policy-practice nexus, an assessment of the interaction of evidence and policy at this scale is warranted.
Aims and objectives:
This paper considers how two early career researchers acted within two different policymaking spaces at the local level to: bring new and synthesised evidence to decisionmakers; respond to evidence and research requests from a diverse group of local actors; and serve as a critical friend.
Methods:
Autoethnography.
Findings:
We find that early career positionality presents common issues for policy engagement across the cases, however, the contexts necessarily differ due to the power of specific actors, the internal and external interests at play, and the varied relationships confronting the academics. Deploying Smith’s four ‘idea types’ as a framework, we draw attention to the shifting roles academics need to play given the churn between institutionalised ideas, critical ideas, charismatic ideas and chameleonic ideas.
Discussion and conclusion:
Agency, triggers and structural rigidities are key to the movement between idea types. Future research based on interviews with local policymakers may help to further reveal how shifts between idea types come about.
Utilization of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, with principal component analysis and artificial neural networks in revealing adulteration of similarly looking fish fillets
Authors: Hamdy Omnia , Abdel-Salam Zienab , Abdel-Harith Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

Fish is an essential source of many nutrients necessary for human health. However, the
deliberate mislabeling of similar fish fillet types is common in
markets to make use of the relatively high price difference. This is a
type of explicit food adulteration. In the present work,
spectrochemical analysis and chemometric methods are adopted to
disclose this type of fish species cheating. Laser-induced breakdown
spectroscopy (LIBS) was utilized to differentiate between the fillets
of the low-priced tilapia and the expensive Nile perch. Furthermore,
the acquired spectroscopic data were analyzed statistically using
principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN)
showing good discrimination in the PCA score plot and a 99%
classification accuracy rate of the implemented ANN model. The
recorded spectra of the two fish indicated that tilapia has a higher
fat content than Nile perch, as evidenced by higher CN and C2 bands
and an atomic line at 247.8 nm in its spectrum. The obtained
results demonstrated the potential of using LIBS as a simple, fast,
and cost-effective analytical technique, combined with statistical
analysis for the decisive discrimination between fish fillet
species.
The interleukin-6/interleukin-23/T helper 17-axis as a driver of neuro-immune toxicity in the major neurocognitive psychosis or deficit schizophrenia: A precision nomothetic psychiatry analysis
Authors: Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem , Al-Musawi Ali Fattah , Al-Mulla Abbas , Al-Dujaili Arafat Hussein , Debnath Monojit , Maes Michael 
Published: October 2022

Background
Schizophrenia and especially deficit schizophrenia (DSCZ) are characterized by increased activity of neuroimmunotoxic pathways and a generalized cognitive decline (G-CoDe). There is no data on whether the interleukin (IL)-6/IL-23/T helper 17 (IL-6/IL-23/Th17)-axis is more associated with DSCZ than with non-deficit schizophrenia (NDSCZ) and whether changes in this axis are associated with the G-CoDe and the phenome (a factor extracted from all symptom domains) of schizophrenia.

Methods
This study included 45 DSCZ and 45 NDSCZ patients and 40 controls and delineated whether the IL-6/IL-23/Th17 axis, trace elements (copper, zinc) and ions (magnesium, calcium) are associated with DSCZ, the G-CoDe and the schizophrenia phenome.

Results
Increased plasma IL-23 and IL-6 levels were associated with Th17 upregulation, assessed as a latent vector (LV) extracted from IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, and TNF-α. The IL-6/IL-23/Th17-axis score, as assessed by an LV extracted from IL-23, IL-6, and the Th17 LV, was significantly higher in DSCZ than in NDSCZ and controls. We discovered that 70.7% of the variance in the phenome was explained by the IL-6/IL-23/Th17-axis (positively) and the G-CoDe and IL-10 (both inversely); and that 54.6% of the variance in the G-CoDe was explained by the IL-6/IL-23/Th17 scores (inversely) and magnesium, copper, calcium, and zinc (all positively).

Conclusion
The pathogenic IL-6/IL-23/Th17-axis contributes to the generalized neurocognitive deficit and the phenome of schizophrenia, especially that of DSCZ, due to its key role in peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation and its consequent immunotoxic effects on neuronal circuits. These clinical impairments are more prominent in subjects with lowered IL-10, magnesium, calcium, and zinc.
Comparison of alignment and spondylolysis fracture angle in bilateral and unilateral spondylolysis
Authors: Matsuzawa Kanta , Matsui Tomoyuki , Azuma Yoshikazu , Miyazaki Tetsuya , Hiramoto Machiko , Hashimoto Ruo , Kida Noriyuki , Morihara Toru 
Published: October 2022

Objectives
Spondylolysis occurs bilaterally or unilaterally and bilateral spondylolysis increases the risk of developing isthmic spondylolisthesis. The characteristics of the lumbar lordosis angle (LLA), sacral slope angle (SSA), and spondylolysis fracture angle (SFA) in bilateral spondylolysis compared with those in unilateral spondylolysis have not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to compare the LLA, SSA, and SFA of bilateral and unilateral spondylolysis.

Materials and methods
Thirty-eight patients with lumbar spondylolysis who visited our clinic for an initial visit and 15 age-matched patients with a chief complaint of low back pain were included as controls. Computed tomography films were used to classify all spondylolysis patients into two groups: those with bilateral fractures (bilateral) and those with unilateral fractures (unilateral). The LLA and SSA were measured using lateral X-ray films and the SFA was measured using computed tomography films.

Results
The LLA was significantly higher in all spondylolysis patients than in the control group (p = .026). There was no significant difference in SSA between the spondylolysis and control groups (p = .28). The LLA was significantly higher in the bilateral group than in the unilateral group (p = .018). There was no significant difference in SSA between the bilateral and unilateral groups (p = .15). The SFA was significantly lower in the bilateral group than in the unilateral group (p = .024).

Conclusions
This study suggests that physical therapy for spondylolysis may be considered bilaterally and unilaterally.
Características de resistência e deformabilidade dos materiais de enrocamento
Authors: Pinto A. Veiga 
Published: October 2022

Nos últimos anos, vários autores têm procurado estabelecer modelos reológicos para os materiais de enrocamento. Este artigo*** analisa a principal bibliografia sobre o assunto e fazem-se algumas sugestões com base em ensaios laboratoriais conduzidos no LNEC.
Três aspectos são especialmente focados: o estudo da deformabilidade a partir de considerações sobre as forças de contacto e a resistência à fracturação das partículas; a relação de semelhança na preparação de provetes laboratoriais com partículas reduzidas a uma dada escala relativamente à amostra do protótipo; uma análise sobre a influência dos múltiplos factores que condicionam o comportamento mecânico dos materiais de enrocamento, a qual permite uma melhor compreensão das dificuldades envolvidas na definição dum modelo reológico simples.
Notas sobre Geologia de Barragens
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo 
Published: October 2022

Neste trabalho analisam-se alguns aspectos ligados à realização de estudos geológicos para locais de barragens.
Depois de se fazerem algumas considerações sobre a necessidade e a finalidade dos estudos geológicos com vista à caracterização geotécnica de locais de barragens dão-se algumas indicações quanto à maneira de conduzir esses estudos e quanto à forma de apresentar os seus resultados.
Mecanismos de atrito interno de solos e rochas
Authors: Nascimento Úlpio , Teixeira H. 
Published: October 2022

Analisam-se os diferentes mecanismos que geram atrito interno de solos e rochas por efeito de fricção, de cunha, de rotação e de rolamento. A partir da cinemática desses mecanismos, relacionam-se os ângulos de atrito gerados com as formas das partículas dos solos ou dos blocos dos maciços rochosos e com a amplitude da distorção sofrida pelo terreno. Apresentam-se também relações entre a dilatância provocada pela distorção com a amplitude desta.
Com base nos mecanismos elementares, deduzem-se relações para alguns mecanismos compostos, chamando-se a atenção para o efeito da rotação combinado com o efeito de fricção.