bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
#54 Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Among Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant (SOT) Recipients: Preliminary Results from a Multi-Site U.S. Study.
Authors: Ross Hailey S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
RSV is the most common lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) among children. Serious adverse outcomes are more likely among immunocompromised patients, including progression to pneumonia, respiratory failure, and increased mortality rates. We present interim analyses results from a secondary data use multi-site study to characterize the morbidity and mortality associated with RSV infection among pediatric SOT patients.

Method
Pediatric (&lt; 18 years old at transplant) SOT recipients from 10 U.S. transplant centers from the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Transplant Network (PIDTRAN) who underwent SOT between 2010 and 2019 and were RSV positive within 365 days of SOT were identified from medical records. Demographics, underlying condition, and clinical characteristics were abstracted and entered in an electronic REDCap survey. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the clinical course and outcomes of RSV infection.

Results
In total, 40 SOT patients were eligible for analysis with 40 (93%) reporting 1 case of RSV within 365 days of transplant and 3 (7%) reported 2 episodes resulting in 43 RSV episodes. Over half (24, 60%) were male, 24 (60%) were white/Caucasian, with a median age of 2 years at the time of RSV diagnosis. The majority received 1 SOT (80%) prior to RSV diagnosis. The most common transplanted organ was liver 17 (42%) followed by heart 14 (36%) and kidney 9 (22%). Among the 43 episodes reported, almost half (46.5%) were diagnosed with LRTI at the time of RSV diagnosis and 29 (67.4%) required hospitalization. Among the 43 episodes, none received palivizumab and 1 (2.3%) received IVIG in the 4 weeks prior to RSV diagnosis. Nearly half (21, 48.8%) received oxygen support at least 4 hours per day (at least one day) with 3 (15%) requiring ventilator support. Only 2 (5%) were treated with ribavirin while 3 (7%) received IVIG within 28 days for the treatment of RSV. None received palivizumab within 28 days of diagnosis for RSV treatment. Among those who initially presented with upper respiratory tract infection, 2 (10%) progressed to LRTI after initial diagnosis of a URTI. One (2.4%) death related to RSV was reported.

Conclusion
Preliminary results from this continuing multi-site study demonstrate RSV is an ongoing concern among SOT recipients with approximately half developing LRTI and two thirds requiring hospitalization. These data help our understanding of RSV infections in this population and inform future prospective study designs to better define RSV risk as well as help address optimal prophylaxis and treatment strategies for SOT recipients at risk for severe illness.
#29 Skin and Soft Tissue Infections and Associated Complications in Children Aged 0-3 Years in Two Urban Multiethnic Community Hospitals
Authors: Ruiz Holgado Maria Celeste 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) include cellulitis and abscess. Cellulitis is an infection of the deep dermis and an abscess is a collection of pus within the dermis and subcutaneous space. Complications of SSTI include bacteremia, lymphadenitis, endocarditis, septic arthritis or osteomyelitis, metastatic infection, sepsis, and toxic shock syndrome. There are no studies evaluating SSTI and complications and outcomes in children aged 0-3 years.

Method
This is a retrospective chart review of SSTI in children aged 0-3 years in Flushing Hospital Medical Center and Jamaica Hospital Medical Center between Jan 2015 and Oct 2021. Data extracted from EHR include demographics (age, gender, ethnicity), clinical presentation, laboratory studies, imaging studies, antibiotic used, treatment course, complications and length of stay (LOS). Data were analyzed using percentages.

Results
Of 206 patients admitted for SSTI, about a half (48%) were abscesses, less than half (44%) cellulitis, few impetigo (6%) and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (2%). Most were male (52%), Hispanic (70%) and Asian (26%). A fifth (18%) had previous SSTI and a tenth (8%) had a positive family history. Of a third (36%) who had imaging studies, three quarters (76%) had an ultrasound, less than a half (44%) confirmed an abscess and less than a third (29%) soft tissue infection. Almost all (94%) had a blood culture and most a wound culture (59%). Of the positive blood cultures (4%), majority (78%) were contaminants or normal skin flora and remainder (22%) Staphylococcus aureus. Of the positive wound cultures, most (86%) were Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) was equal to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (44% vs 43%). Of the 11% having complications, the most common was lymphadenitis (6%). Clindamycin was the antibiotic of choice in most (70%) and 14% required a change in antibiotic due to susceptibility pattern. The median LOS was 3 days.

Conclusion
The most common SSTI in children aged 0-3 years is abscess and cellulitis. The yield of blood cultures is low. The prevalence of MRSA was equal to MSSA. Knowing the low prevalence of complications in children with SSTI, healthcare providers can provide appropriate antibiotic coverage and disposition for SSTI in our community.
#37 Human Toxocariasis: eleven-year experience in a tertiary-care level pediatric hospital in Mexico City
Authors: Vargas-Vazquez Tania Maria 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
In Mexico, human toxocariasis is not subject to continuous epidemiological surveillance. However, some studies that report seroprevalence show a significant association between larva migrans (LM) and pediatric cases (OR 3.2; IC95 2.541-4.279). Data is scarce about infection in animal reservoirs, more specifically dogs, in which there are reports of a 12-18% positivity rate. As for the role of the environment there is evidence to support high contamination levels. Most symptomatic pediatric patients develop ocular presentations that can lead to permanent vision loss, and diagnosis becomes a challenge because serological markers and peripheral eosinophilia can be absent.

Method
A retrospective, transverse, descriptive study including 17 patients with diagnosis of toxocariasis according to electronic medical records. For categoric variables, frequencies and percentages were analyzed and for discrete variables median and ranges were calculated.

Results
Nine patients (52.9%) presented with ocular LM of which, 55.6% were female with a median age of 5 years at diagnosis (IQR=9). 44.4% came from the coastal state of Veracruz and 88.9% had close contact with either dogs or cats. Two patients presented with eosinophilia and only one had positive anti-Toxocara antibodies at 2.12 OD. Under suspicion of retinoblastoma, two patients underwent enucleation and diagnosis was made with pathology findings. Eight patients (47.1%) presented with visceral LM of which, 62.5% were female with a median age of 7.5 years at diagnosis (IQR=12). 62.5% of them had close contact with either dogs or cats. In this case, all patients had history of peripheral eosinophilia but it was only in 75% that it was corroborated during initial workup at our institution ranging between 500-9400 cells/mm3 and all of them had positive antibodies that ranged between 1.02-3.2 OD. Five patients received oral treatment with albendazole for 3-7 days.

Conclusion
Human toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic disease with scarce published data. Pediatric patients are an important vulnerable group specially for ocular presentations. The differential diagnosis of leukochoria should always include retinoblastoma, but as shown in this study, also ocular LM. As new approaches to global health move towards prevention, our study can set a precedent in order to standardize patient care and resource allocation.
#39 Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemi On Mortality Profile Of Pediatric Oncology Patient In Referral Hospital
Authors: Adrizain Riyadi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
cancer patients are at higher risk of COVID-19 infection and more likely to have higher morbidity and mortality than the general population, While cancer it self is still the main cause of death in children around the world, In countries with limited health facilities, that might cause delayed of seeking treatment, cancer death rate in children could reach 90%, this condition would become bigger in the pandemic condition expecially in hospital that appointed as a referral hospital for COVID-19 but also tertiary hospital for hematology and oncology cases. The aim of the study was to describe is there any differences mortality profile of pediatric oncology patient before and during COVID-19 pandemic.

Method
: we collected data pediatric oncology patient aged 1 to 18 years that admitted to Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from Hospital Information Systems, IP-CAR, and Waiting List of Oncology Ward Hospital Admission, data conducted to differentiate between Admission Rate, New case Diagnosis and abandonment rate before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Mortality data and what might caused it also collected after audited by experts from Hasan Sadikin General Hospital.

Results
There were 87 death cases from January to Desember 2021 when pandemi has already happened, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia still the main oncology diagnosis for those cases (33%), most of the death cases was caused by septic Shock ((24%), the second leading caused was covid 19 (8%). We also found in our research there was a significantly increased rate of treatment abandonment from 1.1% before to 17% during COVID-19 pandemic. This may pose risk for the patients involved, not only cause treatment failure, increased toxicity or complications.

Conclusion
Pandemic COVID-19 increased abandonment rate that could impact the general condition of oncology patient, that might indirectly related to mortality rate. While infection as the leading causes of death before and after pandemic remain the same but the distinction was the COVID-19 as a second most caused of death. Optimal efforts should be made to avoid abandonment and prevent the occurrence of infection
Prostate cancer metastasis mimicking a primary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Spazzapan Martina , Ahmed Momen Sid , Tasleem Ali , Nkwam Nkwam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We report on a 79-year-old male patient who presented with asymptomatic elevation of prostate-specific antigen and a concurrent papillary lesion, which raised the suspicion of synchronous bladder and prostatic malignancies. He underwent a trans-perineal prostate biopsy as well as transurethral resection of bladder tumour, which revealed a Gleason 9 adenocarcinoma of prostatic origin. While synchronous bladder and prostate cancer is a possibility, differential diagnosis in a patient presenting with lesions of the bladder neck should include advanced prostate cancer.
Single-cell atlas of multilineage cardiac organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Zhang Fengzhi , Qiu Hui , Dong Xiaohui , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Chunlan , Li Xin , Zhang Xingwu , Na Jie , Zhou Jin , Wang Changyong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac organoids can be used to model human heart development and cardiovascular disease, and provide therapeutic cells to repair the heart. We used single-cell transcriptome analysis to dissect the development of 3D mini-cardiac organoids (MCOs) consisting of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, and endothelial and smooth muscle cells. We found that the 3D matrix-rich microenvironment significantly promoted the maturation of cardiomyocytes, and mixing endothelial and smooth muscle cells with cardiomyocytes led to the formation of cardiac fibroblast highly expressing DLK1. Modulation of DLK1 signaling affected immunomodulatory gene expression in 2D cultured cardiomyocytes. Transplantation of multilineage MCO into a rat model of myocardial infarction significantly improved cardiac function and reduced fibrosis in the infarcted area. Our single-cell analysis of MCO provided rich information about cell state and fate dynamics in the 3D multilineage microenvironment and brought new insight into the molecular mechanism that promotes cardiomyocyte maturation and heart repair.
The ultradiffuse galaxy AGC 114905 needs dark matter
Authors: Sellwood J A , Sanders R H 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Recent 21 cm line observations of the ultradiffuse galaxy AGC 114905 indicate a rotating disc largely supported against gravity by orbital motion, as usual. Remarkably, this study has revealed that the form and amplitude of the H i rotation curve are completely accounted for by the observed distribution of baryonic matter, stars, and neutral gas, implying that no dark halo is required. It is surprising to find a dark matter (DM)-free galaxy for a number of reasons, one being that a bare Newtonian disc having low velocity dispersion would be expected to be unstable to both axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric perturbations that would change the structure of the disc on a dynamical time-scale, as has been known for decades. We present N-body simulations of the DM-free model, and one having a low-density DM halo, that confirm this expectation: the disc is chronically unstable to just such instabilities. Since it is unlikely that a galaxy that is observed to have a near-regular velocity pattern would be unstable, our finding calls into question the suggestion that the galaxy may lack, or have little, DM. We also show that if the inclination of this near face-on system has been substantially overestimated, the consequent increased amplitude of the rotation curve would accommodate a halo massive enough for the galaxy to be stable.
Detailed properties of gravitational-wave mergers from flyby perturbations of wide binary black holes in the field
Authors: Raveh Yael , Michaely Erez , Perets Hagai B 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Wide black hole binaries (wide-BBHs; ≥103 au) in the field can be perturbed by random stellar flybys that excite their eccentricities. Once a wide binary is driven to a sufficiently small pericentre approach, gravitational wave (GW) emission becomes significant, and the binary inspirals and merges. In our previous study, using simplified models for wide-BBHs, we found that successive flybys lead to significant merger fractions of wide-BBHs in less than Hubble time, making the flyby perturbation mechanism a relevant contributor to the production rate of GW-sources. However, the exact rates and detailed properties of the resulting GW sources depend on the wide binary progenitors. In this paper, we use detailed population synthesis models for the initial wide-BBH population, considering several populations corresponding to different natal-kick models and metallicities, and then follow the wide-BBHs evolution due to flyby perturbations and GW-emission. We show that the cumulative effect of flybys is conducive for the production of GW sources in non-negligible rates of 1−20 Gpc−3 yr−1, which are sensitive to the natal kicks model. Such rates are relevant to the observationally inferred rate. Our models, now derived from detailed population of binaries, provide detailed properties of the produced GW-sources, including mass-functions and delay times. The observational signatures from this channel include circular orbits in aLIGO band; preference for high-velocity dispersion host galaxies (in particular ellipticals); relatively uniform delay-time distribution; and, likely, mild – i.e. less than isolated evolution channels and more than dynamical channels – spin–spin and spin–orbit alignments.
Multiphase turbulence in galactic haloes: effect of the driving
Authors: Mohapatra Rajsekhar , Federrath Christoph , Sharma Prateek 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Supernova explosions, active galactic nuclei jets, galaxy–galaxy interactions, and cluster mergers can drive turbulence in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) and the intracluster medium (ICM). However, the exact nature of turbulence forced by these sources and its impact on the different statistical properties of the CGM/ICM and their global thermodynamics is still unclear. To investigate the effects of different types of forcing, we conduct high-resolution (10083 resolution elements) idealized hydrodynamic simulations with purely solenoidal (divergence-free) forcing, purely compressive (curl-free) forcing, and natural mixture forcing (equal fractions of the two components). The simulations also include radiative cooling. We study the impact of the three different forcing modes (sol, comp, and mix) on the morphology of the gas, its temperature and density distributions, sources and sinks of enstrophy, i.e. solenoidal motions, as well as the kinematics of hot (∼107 K) X-ray emitting and cold (∼104 K) H α emitting gas. We find that compressive forcing leads to stronger variations in density and temperature of the gas as compared to solenoidal forcing. The cold phase gas forms large-scale filamentary structures for compressive forcing and misty, small-scale clouds for solenoidal forcing. The cold phase gas has stronger large-scale velocities for compressive forcing. The natural mixture forcing shows kinematics and gas distributions intermediate between the two extremes, the cold-phase gas occurs as both large-scale filaments and small-scale misty clouds.
Could TDE outflows produce the PeV neutrino events?
Authors: Wu Han-Ji , Mou Guobin , Wang Kai , Wang Wei , Li Zhuo 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
A tidal disruption event (TDE), AT2019dsg, was observed to be associated with a PeV neutrino event, IceCube-191001A, lagging the optical outburst by a half year. It is known that TDEs may generate ultra fast outflows. If the TDE occurs in a cloudy environment, the outflow-cloud interactions may form shock waves which generate accelerated protons and hence, delayed neutrinos from hadronic interactions in clouds. Here, we investigate the neutrino production in AT2019dsg by examining the TDE outflow-cloud interaction model. We find that, for an outflow with a velocity of 0.07 c and a kinetic luminosity of $10^{45}\rm \,erg\ \,s^{-1}$, protons may be accelerated up to ∼60 PeV by the bow shocks, and generate PeV neutrinos by interactions with clouds. The predicted neutrino number in this model depends on the uncertainties of model parameters and in order to match the observations, some challenging values of parameters have been involved. The PeV neutrino event number can be ∼4 × 10−3 for a hard proton index Γ = 1.5.
Evidence of jet-induced optical microvariability in radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
Authors: Ojha Vineet , Jha Vivek Kumar , Chand Hum , Singh Veeresh 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
To quantify the role of radio jets for Intra-Night Optical Variability (INOV) in radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (RLNLSy1) galaxies, we report the first systematic comparative INOV study of 23 RLNLSy1 galaxies, with 15 RLNLSy1s having confirmed detection of jets (jetted) and the remaining 8 RLNLSy1s having no detection of jets (non-jetted) based on their Very Long Baseline Array observations. We have monitored these two samples, respectively, in 37 and 16 sessions of a minimum 3-h duration each. Based upon Fη-test at 99 per cent confidence level with a typical INOV amplitude (ψ) detection threshold of &gt;3 per cent, we find the INOV duty cycles (DC) of 12 per cent for the sample of jetted RLNLSy1s, however, none of the sources showed INOV in the sample of non-jetted RLNLSy1s. Among the jetted RLNLSy1s, we find that the DC for jetted γ-ray detected (γ-ray) RLNLSy1s is found to be 34 per cent in contrast to null INOV detection in the case of non-γ-ray RLNLSy1s. It suggests that instead of the mere presence of a jet, relativistic beaming plays a significant role for INOV in the case of low-luminous high accreting AGNs, such as NLSy1s, in which dilution of the AGN’s non-thermal optical emission by the (much steadier) optical emission contributed by the nuclear accretion disc is quite likely. Our study of jetted γ-ray RLNLSy1s shows more frequent INOV detection for sources with higher apparent jet speed. Further, our results also suggest that among the NLSy1s, only jetted γ-ray RNLSy1 galaxies DC approach blazar-like DC.
Identifying clinically applicable machine learning algorithms for glioma segmentation: recent advances and discoveries
Authors: Tillmanns Niklas , Lum Avery E , Cassinelli Gabriel , Merkaj Sara , Verma Tej , Zeevi Tal , Staib Lawrence , Subramanian Harry , Bahar Ryan C , Brim Waverly , Lost Jan , Jekel Leon , Brackett Alexandria , Payabvash Sam , Ikuta Ichiro , Lin MingDe , Bousabarah Khaled , Johnson Michele H , Cui Jin , Malhotra Ajay , Omuro Antonio , Turowski Bernd , Aboian Mariam S 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Background
While there are innumerable machine learning (ML) research algorithms used for segmentation of gliomas, there is yet to be a US FDA cleared product. The aim of this study is to explore the systemic limitations of research algorithms that have prevented translation from concept to product by a review of the current research literature.

Methods
We performed a systematic literature review on 4 databases. Of 11 727 articles, 58 articles met the inclusion criteria and were used for data extraction and screening using TRIPOD.

Results
We found that while many articles were published on ML-based glioma segmentation and report high accuracy results, there were substantial limitations in the methods and results portions of the papers that result in difficulty reproducing the methods and translation into clinical practice.

Conclusions
In addition, we identified that more than a third of the articles used the same publicly available BRaTS and TCIA datasets and are responsible for the majority of patient data on which ML algorithms were trained, which leads to limited generalizability and potential for overfitting and bias.