bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonpharmacological interventions to promote sleep and rest among hospitalized pediatric patients in general pediatric wards: a best practice implementation project
Authors: McGraw Sarah , Palokas Michelle , Harbour Lee 
Published: July 2022

Objectives:
The aim of this implementation project was to improve compliance with best practice regarding nonpharmacological interventions used to promote sleep and rest in hospitalized pediatric patients in a nonintensive care setting.

Introduction:
Hospitalized children endure numerous hindrances to sleep and rest, including, but not limited to, noise, pain, anxiety, and interruptions for nursing care. Evidence suggests that a multifaceted approach to sleep promotion can reduce the length of time to sleep onset and the length of nighttime awakenings. It is widely accepted, however, rarely practiced, that proven, low-cost, and noninvasive strategies exist to promote sleep and restoration of hospitalized pediatric patients, which fosters healing and recovery.

Methods:
This project used the JBI Evidence Implementation framework. A baseline audit of 22 nurses’ and 31 patients’/parents’/caregivers’ receipt of education on strategies to promote sleep and rest was obtained via survey; baseline data were also obtained from nurses regarding whether or not a multifaceted approach to sleep promotion is utilized and/or if an evidence-based protocol regarding sleep promotion is in place. Targeted strategies, including a protocol and nurse/patient education of multifaceted approaches to sleep, were then implemented, and a follow-up audit of 25 nurses and 32 patients/caregivers was completed.

Results:
Overall, postimplementation audits revealed 93% compliance with best practice, a 78% increase from baseline audits of 15%. Baseline data revealed poor knowledge of and/or compliance with each of the four audit criteria: nurse education on strategies to promote sleep and rest, the use of an evidence-based protocol regarding sleep promotion, a multifaceted approach to sleep promotion, and patient and/or caregiver education regarding sleep promotion. Postimplementation data, however, showed improvement in each of these areas.

Conclusion:
Deficiencies in best practice recommendations for the promotion of sleep and rest in pediatric patients admitted to general wards were identified, interventions were implemented, and results were beneficial. Further investigation could be taken to assess the long-term effectiveness of interventions and/or sleep quality of patients while hospitalized. Moreover, postimplementation audits should be administered to parents near the end of their stay, after they have had time to implement optional interventions, if they choose.
Biomechanical Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Young Female Basketball Players: A pilot Study
Authors: Aoki Akino , Koresawa Kohei , No Yumi , Sadakiyo Masashi , Kubota Satoshi , Gamada Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study was aimed to reveal the differences in knee valgus angle at landing as a static indicator and wobbling movement of the knee during landing as a dynamic indicator between ACL injury and uninjured athletes.MethodsThis study was case-control study. There were 6 female basketball players with ACL injuries and 38 female basketball players without them, whose knee kinematics were measured using 2-dimensional video cameras during single-leg jump landings. The task was performed from 30cm-box. Knee kinematics and wobbling of the knee which was calculated by relative frontal motion to the flexion movement were compared between knees with ACL-injured and uninjured.ResultsSix athletes who had confirmed ACL injuries, did not demonstrate significantly different knee valgus angle at initial contact and maximum knee flexion during landing, compared to 38 uninjured athletes. The knee valgus angles at initial contact for injured and uninjured athletes were 12.3° and 14.8° (p = 0.15), respectively. Five of six anterior cruciate ligament injured knees presented knee wobbling during landing. Relative frontal motion at 18° knee flexion was significantly greater in athletes with ACL-injured (p = 0.02).Conclusions84% of ACL injury presented with the knee wobbling and the frontal knee motion was greater with low knee flexion during knee wobbling, while the knee valgus angle was not significantly different. This study suggests that knee wobbling may be a biomechanical and dynamic risk factor for ACL injury in female basketball players.Summary BoxWhat is already known on this topic – summarise the state of scientific knowledge on this subject before you did your study and why this study needed to be doneBiomechanical risk factor for ACL injury was revealed as dynamic knee valgus and low knee flexion which increases ACL strain. However, previous study focused only static index which are knee angle at initial contact or maximum. This study aimed to establish new dynamic index for screening of ACL injury.What this study adds – summarise what we now know as a result of this study that we did not know beforeAlthough a previous study identified knee valgus angle and knee valgus moment as predictors of ACL injury, many athletes who demonstrates knee valgus motion does not suffer ACL injury. Cadaveric studies show that ACL strain did not increase when knee valgus occurred with slowed knee flexion movement. We identified an abnormal knee movement involving the dynamic knee valgus with low knee flexion, which we call “knee wobbling.”How this study might affect research, practice or policy – summarise the implications of this studyACL injury has been difficult to predict; however, we found that knee wobbling, which is new parameter of abnormal knee movement, including rapid knee valgus/varus, is a potential predictor of ACL injury.
System identification reveals multiple interacting states in visuomotor adaptation
Authors: Balestrucci Priscilla , Ernst Marc 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany characteristics of sensorimotor adaptation are well predicted by the Kalman filter, a relatively simple learning algorithm for the optimal estimation of dynamic variables given noisy measurements. Yet not all Kalman filter predictions are confirmed empirically, suggesting that the model might not be sufficient to describe the observed behavior. In our study, we propose that sensorimotor adaptation can be modeled with multiple interacting states, each one described as a Kalman filter, to better reflect the architecture plant of the physical system implementing the behavior (i.e., the different motor and sensory components involved in adaptation). To test our hypothesis, we measured motor error in a series of rapid reaching tasks in which we introduced different conditions of feedback uncertainty and systematic perturbations. We then applied system identification procedures to the resulting adaptation response to test which system architecture would best fit the data. We considered three possible architectures: one with a single Kalman filter, with two filters in series, or two filters in parallel. We found that this latter structure consistently provided a significantly better fit than the others. When evaluating the identified system parameters, we found that the learning rates of both states decreased under higher uncertainty, while the weight assigned to the slower state increased. Moreover, the dual-state parallel system accounted for the presence of a constant residual bias in the adaptation to a step offset, which has been repeatedly reported but is in disaccord with the predictions of the single Kalman filter. We propose that the identified system architecture reflects how the error is assigned to different components of the physical plant responsible for adaptation: namely, as uncertainty increases, the controller assigns a larger contribution in error reduction to the slower state, which is more likely to have been responsible for the measured error.
Genetic mapping of some key plant architecture traits in Brassica juncea using a cross between two distinct lines – vegetable type Tumida and oleiferous Varuna
Authors: Mathur Shikha , Singh Priyansha , Yadava Satish Kumar , Gupta Vibha , Pradhan Akshay K. , Pental Deepak 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBrassica juncea (AABB, 2n=36), commonly called mustard is an allopolyploid crop of recent origin but has considerable morphological and underlying genetic variation. An F1-derived doubled haploid (F1DH) population developed from a cross between a Indian oleiferous line, Varuna, and a Chinese stem type vegetable mustard, Tumida showed significant variability for some key plant architectural traits, including four stem strength-related traits, stem diameter, plant height, branch initiation height, number of primary branches (Pbr), and days to flowering (Df). Multi-environment QTL analysis identified twenty environmentally stable QTL for the nine plant architectural traits. Both Tumida and Varuna contain some positive QTL that can be used to breed superior ideotypes in mustard. A QTL cluster on LG A10 contained environmentally stable QTL for seven architectural traits. This region also contained overlapping environmentally stable major QTL (phenotypic variance ≥ 10%) for Df and Pbr, with Tumida contributing the trait enhancing alleles for both the traits. Since early flowering is critical for the cultivation of mustard in the Indian subcontinent, this QTL cannot be used for the improvement of Pbr in the Indian gene pool lines. Conditional QTL analysis for Pbr identified the QTL for improvement of Pbr without negative effects on Df. The environmentally stable QTL were projected on the genome assemblies of Tumida and Varuna for the identification of candidate genes. These findings provide insights into the genetics of plant architectural traits in two diverse gene pools of B. juncea and provide opportunities for improvement of the plant architecture through marker-assisted introgressions.Key MessageGenetic mapping of some key plant architectural traits in a vegetable type and an oleiferous B. juncea cross revealed environmentally stable QTL and candidate genes for breeding more productive ideotypes.
Use of vivo-morpholinos for gene knockdown in the postnatal shark retina
Authors: Rodríguez-Arrizabalaga Mariña , Hernández-Núñez Ismael , Candal Eva , Barreiro-Iglesias Antón 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWork in the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula has shown that the evolutionary origin of postnatal neurogenesis in vertebrates is earlier than previously thought. Thus, the catshark can serve as a model of interest to understand postnatal neurogenic processes and their evolution in vertebrates. One of the best characterized neurogenic niches of the catshark CNS is found in the peripheral region of the retina. Unfortunately, the lack of genetic tools in sharks limits the possibilities to deepen in the study of genes involved in the neurogenic process. Here, we report a method for gene knockdown in the juvenile catshark retina based on the use of Vivo-Morpholinos. To establish the method, we designed Vivo-Morpholinos against the proliferation marker PCNA. We first evaluated the possible toxicity of 3 different intraocular administration regimes. After this optimization step, we show that a single intraocular injection of the PCNA Vivo-Morpholino decreases the expression of PCNA in the peripheral retina, which leads to reduced mitotic activity in this region. This method will help in deciphering the role of other genes potentially involved in postnatal neurogenesis in this model.Summary statementIn this study, we report the development of a method for the use of Vivo-Morpholinos in the postnatal shark retina, which will allow to decipher the role of different genes in retinal neurogenesis in sharks.
PRC2 disruption in cerebellar progenitors produces cerebellar hypoplasia and aberrant myoid differentiation without blocking medulloblastoma growth
Authors: Cleveland Abigail H. , Malawsky Daniel , Churiwal Mehal , Rodriguez Claudia , Reed Frances , Schniederjan Matthew , Velazquez Vega Jose E. , Davis Ian , Gershon Timothy R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe show that the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) maintains neural identity in Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-driven cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (CGNPs) and SHH-driven medulloblastoma, a cancer of CGNPs. Proliferating CGNPs and medulloblastoma cells pass the neural fate commitment to their progeny through epigenetic mechanisms. The PRC2 mediates epigenetic regulation through histone methylation, and PRC2 inhibitors have been proposed for medulloblastoma therapy. We investigated PRC2 function in CGNPs and medulloblastoma by conditionally deleting PRC2 componentsEedorEzh2in CGNPs and analyzing cerebellar growth, cellular gene expression (scRNA-seq), and tumorigenesis in medulloblastoma-proneSmo-mutant mice.Eed-deleted CGNPs showed reduced growth, with decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis and inappropriate myoid differentiation.Ezh2-deleted CGNPs also showed myoid differentiation without reduced growth.Eed-deleted andEzh2-deleted medulloblastomas similarly demonstrated myoid differentiation, but progressed more rapidly than PRC2-intact controls. The PRC2 thus maintained neural fate in CGNPs and medulloblastoma, but PRC2 disruption did not block SHH medulloblastoma progression.
DNA methylation and proteomics integration uncover dose-dependent group and individual responses to exercise in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Jacques Macsue , Landen Shanie , Romero Javier Alvarez , Hiam Danielle , Schittenhelm Ralf B. , Hanchapola Iresha , Shah Anup D. , Eynon Nir 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveExercise is a major regulator of muscle metabolism, and health benefits acquired by exercise are a result of molecular shifts occurring across multiple OMIC levels (i.e. epigenome, transcriptome, proteome). Identifying robust targets associated with exercise response, at both group and individual levels, is therefore important to develop health guidelines and targeted health interventions.MethodsTwenty, apparently healthy, moderately trained (VO2 max= 51.0±10.6 mL·min−1·kg−1) males (age range= 18-45yrs) from the Gene SMART (Skeletal Muscle Adaptive Responses to Training) study completed a 12-week High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) intervention. Muscle biopsies were collected at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of HIIT. High throughput DNA methylation (∼850 CpG sites), and proteomic (∼3000 proteins) analyses were conducted at all-time points. Mixed-models were applied to estimate group and individual changes, and methylome and proteome integration was conducted using a holistic multilevel approach with the mixOmics package.ResultsSignificant shifts in the methylome (residual analysis) and proteome profiles were observed after 12 weeks of HIIT. 461 proteins significantly changed over time (at 4, 8, and 12 weeks), whilst only one differentially methylated position (DMP) was changed (adj.p-value <0.05). K-means analysis revealed clear protein clustering exhibiting similar changes over time. Individual responses to training were observed in 101 proteins. Seven proteins had a large effect-sizes >0.5, among them are two novel exercise-related proteins, LYRM7 and EPN1. Integration analysis uncovered bidirectional relationships between the methylome and proteome.ConclusionsWe showed a significant influence of HIIT on the epigenome and proteome in human muscle, and uncovered groups of proteins clustering according to similar patterns across the exercise intervention. Individual responses to exercise were observed in the proteome with novel mitochondrial and metabolic proteins consistently changed across individuals. Future work is required to elucidate the role of such proteins in response to exercise as well as to investigate the mechanisms associating genes and proteins in response to exercise.
Inhaled Fluticasone for Outpatient Treatment of Covid-19: A Decentralized, Placebo-controlled, Randomized, Platform Clinical Trial
Authors:   Accelerating Covid-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV)-6 Study Group, Naggie Susanna 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids to shorten time to symptom resolution or prevent hospitalization or death among outpatients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) is unclear.MethodsACTIV-6 is an ongoing, decentralized, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled platform trial testing repurposed medications in outpatients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Non-hospitalized adults aged ≥30 years, experiencing ≥2 symptoms of acute infection for ≤7 days were randomized to inhaled fluticasone furoate 200 μg once daily for 14 days or placebo. The primary outcome was time to sustained recovery, defined as the third of 3 consecutive days without symptoms. Secondary outcomes included composites of hospitalization or death with or without urgent care or emergency department visit by day 28.ResultsOf those eligible for the fluticasone arm, 656 were randomized to and received inhaled fluticasone; 621 received concurrent placebo. There was no evidence of improvement in time to recovery with fluticasone compared with placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 1.01, 95% credible interval [CrI] 0.91–1.12; posterior probability for benefit [HR>1]=0.56). Twenty-four participants (3.7%) in the fluticasone arm had urgent care or emergency department visits or were hospitalized compared with 13 (2.1%) in the pooled, concurrent placebo arm (HR 1.9, 95% CrI 0.8–3.5; posterior probability for benefit [HR<1]=0.03). Three participants in each arm were hospitalized, and no deaths occurred. Adverse events were uncommon in both arms.ConclusionsTreatment with inhaled fluticasone furoate for 14 days did not result in improved time to recovery among outpatients with Covid-19 in the United States during the delta and omicron variant surges.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04885530).
Whole-brain mapping of effective connectivity by fMRI with cortex-wide patterned optogenetics
Authors: Kim Seonghoon , Moon Hyun Seok , Vo Thanh Tan , Kim Chang-Ho , Im Geun Ho , Choi Myunghwan , Kim Seong-Gi 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with optogenetic neural manipulation is a powerful tool that enables brain-wide mapping of effective functional networks. To achieve flexible manipulation of neural excitation throughout the mouse cortex, we incorporated spatiotemporal programmable optogenetic stimuli generated by a digital micromirror device into an MR scanner via an optical fiber bundle for the first time. This approach offered versatility in space and time in planning the photostimulation pattern, combined with in situ optical imaging and cell-type or circuit-specific genetic targeting in individual mice. Brain-wide effective connectivity obtained by fMRI with optogenetic stimulation of atlas-based cortical regions is generally congruent with anatomically defined axonal tracing data but is affected by the types of anesthetics that act selectively on specific connections. fMRI combined with flexible optogenetics opens a new path to investigate dynamic changes in functional brain states in the same animal through high-throughput brain-wide effective connectivity mapping.
Identification and Characterization of Probiotics Isolates from Indigenous Chicken (Gallus domesticus) of Nepal
Authors: Gupta Mohan , Raut Roji , Manandhar Sulochana , Chaudhary Ashok , Shrestha Ujwal , Dangol Saubhagya , Sudarshan GC , Budha Keshab Raj , Karki Gaurab , Díaz-Sánchez Sandra , Gortazar Christian , de la Fuente José , Rajbhandari Pragun , Manandhar Prajwol , Napit Rajindra , Karmacharya Dibesh 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundExcessive and irrational use of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry has been one of key factors contributing to increased emergence of antibiotics resistant bacteria. Drug resistant infections are becoming major concerns in poultry production impacting both human and poultry health. Several alternatives for antibiotic growth promoters are being sought, and the search for effective probiotics to be used as feed additives is amongst the promising ones. Our study aimed to isolate and test potential probiotics bacteria from cloacal swabs of various indigenous chicken (Gallus domesticus) breeds from rural outskirts of the Kathmandu valley (Nepal).MethodsSelective isolation of probiotics was conducted by micro-aerophilic enrichment of sample in MRS Broth at 37°C, followed by culturing on MRS agar supplemented with 5 g/L of CaCO3. Isolated bacterial colonies producing transparent halo were selected as potential lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and tested for their antibacterial activity, phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, acidic yield, and tolerance to acid and bile.ResultsA total of 90 potential LAB were isolated from cloacal samples collected from 41 free-ranging chickens of indigenous breeds. Of these, 52 LAB isolates (57%) showed variable antibacterial activity to at least one bacterial pathogen. Of 52 LAB, 46 isolates fulfilled phenotypic and biochemical criteria ofLactobacillusspp. Of these, 37 isolates produced varying percentage yields of lactic acid, 27 isolates showed survival at pH 3.0, and 17 isolates showed survival tolerances in the presence of 0.3% and 0.5% bile salts for 24 hours. Phylogenetic analysis of 16SrDNA sequencing of LAB isolates fulfillingin vitroprobiotics properties showed that 3 isolates had genetic identity of 99.38% withLactobacillus plantarum, while one isolate was genetically similar (99.85%) with the clade ofL. reuteri, L. antriandL. panis.ConclusionsOur study identified fourLactobacillusspp. strains having potential probiotics properties. Further investigations are needed to evaluate these isolates to be used as poultry probiotics feed supplement.
Trans-interaction of risk loci 6p24.1 and 10q11.21 is associated with endothelial damage in coronary artery disease
Authors: Tay Kai Yi , Wu Kan Xing , Chioh Florence Wen Jing , Autio Matias Ilmari , Pek Nicole Min Qian , Narmada Balakrishnan Chakrapani , Tan Sock-Hwee , Low Adrian Fatt-Hoe , Lian Michelle Mulan , Chew Elaine Guo Yan , Lau Hwee Hui , Kao Shih Ling , Teo Adrian Kee Keong , Foo Jia Nee , Foo Roger Sik Yin , Heng Chew Kiat , Chan Mark Yan Yee , Cheung Christine 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsSingle nucleotide polymorphism rs6903956 has been identified as one of the genetic risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, rs6903956 lies in a non-coding locus on chromosome 6p24.1. We aim to interrogate the molecular basis of 6p24.1 containing rs6903956 risk alleles in endothelial disease biology.Methods and ResultsWe generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from CAD patients (AA risk genotype at rs6903956) and normal controls (GG non-risk genotype at rs6903956). CRIPSR-Cas9-based deletions (Δ63-89bp) on 6p24.1, including both rs6903956 and a short tandem repeat variant rs140361069 in linkage disequilibrium, were performed to generate isogenic iPSC-derived endothelial cells. Edited CAD endothelial cells, with removal of ‘A’ risk alleles, exhibited a global transcriptional downregulation of pathways relating to abnormal vascular physiology and activated endothelial processes. A CXC chemokine ligand on chromosome 10q11.21,CXCL12, was uncovered as a potential effector gene in CAD endothelial cells. Underlying this effect was the preferential inter-chromosomal interaction of 6p24.1 risk locus to a weak promoter ofCXCL12, confirmed by chromatin conformation capture assays on our iPSC-derived endothelial cells. Functionally, risk genotypes AA/ AG at rs6903956 were associated significantly with elevated levels of circulating damaged endothelial cells in CAD patients. Circulating endothelial cells isolated from patients with risk genotypes AA/ AG were also found to have 10 folds higher CXCL12 transcript copies/ cell than those with non-risk genotype GG.ConclusionOur study reveals the trans-acting impact of 6p24.1 with another CAD locus on 10q11.21 and is associated with intensified endothelial injury.