bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Role of Compaction in the Three‐Dimensional Evolution of Depositional Environments
Authors: Xotta R. , Zoccarato C. , Minderhoud P. S. J. , Teatini P. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNatural environments such as coastal wetlands, lowland river floodplains, and deltas are formed by sediment, transported by watercourses and the sea, and deposited over century to millennium timescales. These dynamic environments host vulnerable ecosystems with an essential role for biodiversity conservation, coastal protection and human activities. The body of these landforms consists of unconsolidated sediments with high porosity and compressibility. Consequently, they often experience significant compaction due to their own weight, that is, autocompaction, which creates an important feedback within the geomorphological evolution of the landform. However, this process is generally oversimplified in morphological simulators. We present a novel finite element (FE) simulator that quantifies the impact of natural compaction on landform evolution in a three‐dimensional setting. The model couples a groundwater flow and a compaction module that interact in a time‐evolving domain following landform aggradation. The model input consists of sedimentation varying in time, space and sediment type. A Lagrangian approach underlies the model by means of an adaptive mesh. The number of FEs gradually increases to accommodate newly deposited sediments and each FE changes its shape, that is, becomes compressed, following sediment compaction. We showcase the model capabilities by simulating three long‐term depositional processes at different spatial scales: (a) vertical growth of a tidal marsh, (b) infilling of an oxbow lake, and (c) progradation of a delta lobe. Our simulations show that compaction is the primary process governing the elevation and geomorphological evolution of these landforms. This highlights that autocompaction is an important process that determines the resilience of these low‐lying landforms to climate change.
The infralimbic mineralocorticoid blockage prevents the stress-induced impairment of aversive memory extinction in rats
Authors: Albernaz-Mariano Kairo Alan , Demarchi Munhoz Carolina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIndividuals deal with adversity and return to a normal lifestyle when adversity ends. Nevertheless, in specific cases, traumas may be preceded by memory distortions in stress-related malaises, and memory extinction impairment is strictly associated with the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Glucocorticoids (GCs), the central stress mediator, target mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors and coordinate stress responses. Despite MRs being present in brain regions essential to cognition, emotions, and initial stress processing, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), most studies attempt to elucidate the stress-induced deleterious actions of GCs via GR. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the relationship between stress, infralimbic mPFC (IL), and memory and how MR-mediated intracellular signaling influences this relationship and modulates memory extinction. We observed that acutely restraint-stressed male Wistar rats showed high corticosterone (CORT) levels, and previous intra-IL-spironolactone administration (a selective MR antagonist) decreased it 60 min after the stress started. Intra-IL-CORT118335, a novel mixed MR/GR selective modulator, increased CORT throughout stress exposure. Ten days after stress, all rats increased freezing in the memory retrieval test and acquired the aversive contextual memory. During the extinction test, intra-IL injection of spironolactone, but not CORT118335, prevented the stress-impaired memory extinction, suggesting that the IL-MR activity controls CORT concentration, and it is crucial to the establishment of late extinction impairment. Also, the concomitant GR full activation overrode MR blockage. It increased CORT levels leading to the stress-induced extinction memory impairment, reinforcing that the MR/GR balance is crucial to predicting stress-induced behavioral outcomes.
Mercury isotope evidence for Arctic summertime re-emission of mercury from the cryosphere
Authors: Araujo Beatriz Ferreira , Osterwalder Stefan , Szponar Natalie , Lee Domenica , Petrova Mariia V. , Pernov Jakob Boyd , Ahmed Shaddy , Heimbürger-Boavida Lars-Eric , Laffont Laure , Teisserenc Roman , Tananaev Nikita , Nordstrom Claus , Magand Olivier , Stupple Geoff , Skov Henrik , Steffen Alexandra , Bergquist Bridget , Pfaffhuber Katrine Aspmo , Thomas Jennie L. , Scheper Simon , Petäjä Tuukka , Dommergue Aurélien , Sonke Jeroen E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDuring Arctic springtime, halogen radicals oxidize atmospheric elemental mercury (Hg0), which deposits to the cryosphere. This is followed by a summertime atmospheric Hg0 peak that is thought to result mostly from terrestrial Hg inputs to the Arctic Ocean, followed by photoreduction and emission to air. The large terrestrial Hg contribution to the Arctic Ocean and global atmosphere has raised concern over the potential release of permafrost Hg, via rivers and coastal erosion, with Arctic warming. Here we investigate Hg isotope variability of Arctic atmospheric, marine, and terrestrial Hg. We observe highly characteristic Hg isotope signatures during the summertime peak that reflect re-emission of Hg deposited to the cryosphere during spring. Air mass back trajectories support a cryospheric Hg emission source but no major terrestrial source. This implies that terrestrial Hg inputs to the Arctic Ocean remain in the marine ecosystem, without substantial loss to the global atmosphere, but with possible effects on food webs.
Increased energy use for adaptation significantly impacts mitigation pathways
Authors: Colelli Francesco Pietro , Emmerling Johannes , Marangoni Giacomo , Mistry Malcolm N. , De Cian Enrica 
Published: August 2022

AbstractClimate adaptation actions can be energy-intensive, but how adaptation feeds back into the energy system and the environment is absent in nearly all up-to-date energy scenarios. Here we quantify the impacts of adaptation actions entailing direct changes in final energy use on energy investments and costs, greenhouse gas emissions, and air pollution. We find that energy needs for adaptation increase considerably over time and with warming. The resulting addition in capacity for power generation leads to higher greenhouse gas emissions, local air pollutants, and energy system costs. In the short to medium term, much of the added capacity for power generation is fossil-fuel based. We show that mitigation pathways accounting for the adaptation-energy feedback would require a higher global carbon price, between 5% and 30% higher. Because of the benefits in terms of reduced adaptation needs, energy system costs in ambitious mitigation scenarios would be lower than previous estimates, and they would turn negative in well-below-2-degree scenarios, pointing at net gains in terms of power system costs.
A Ziegler-type spherical cap model reveals early stage ethylene polymerization growth versus catalyst fragmentation relationships
Authors: Bossers Koen W. , Mandemaker Laurens D. B. , Nikolopoulos Nikolaos , Liu Yuanshuai , Rohnke Marcus , de Peinder Peter , Terlingen Bas J. P. , Walther Felix , Dorresteijn Joren M. , Hartman Thomas , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPolyolefin catalysts are characterized by their hierarchically complex nature, which complicates studies on the interplay between the catalyst and formed polymer phases. Here, the missing link in the morphology gap between planar model systems and industrially relevant spherical catalyst particles is introduced through the use of a spherical cap Ziegler-type catalyst model system for the polymerization of ethylene. More specifically, a moisture-stable LaOCl framework with enhanced imaging contrast has been designed to support the TiCl4 pre-active site, which could mimic the behaviour of the highly hygroscopic and industrially used MgCl2 framework. As a function of polymerization time, the fragmentation behaviour of the LaOCl framework changed from a mixture of the shrinking core (i.e., peeling off small polyethylene fragments at the surface) and continuous bisection (i.e., internal cleavage of the framework) into dominantly a continuous bisection model, which is linked to the evolution of the estimated polyethylene volume and the fraction of crystalline polyethylene formed. The combination of the spherical cap model system and the used advanced micro-spectroscopy toolbox, opens the route for high-throughput screening of catalyst functions with industrially relevant morphologies on the nano-scale.
High density integration of stretchable inorganic thin film transistors with excellent performance and reliability
Authors: Oh Himchan , Oh Ji-Young , Park Chan Woo , Pi Jae-Eun , Yang Jong-Heon , Hwang Chi-Sun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTransistors with inorganic semiconductors have superior performance and reliability compared to organic transistors. However, they are unfavorable for building stretchable electronic products due to their brittle nature. Because of this drawback, they have mostly been placed on non-stretchable parts to avoid mechanical strain, burdening the deformable interconnects, which link these rigid parts, with the strain of the entire system. Integration density must therefore be sacrificed when stretchability is the first priority because the portion of stretchable wirings should be raised. In this study, we show high density integration of oxide thin film transistors having excellent performance and reliability by directly embedding the devices into stretchable serpentine strings to defeat such trade-off. The embedded transistors do not hide from deformation and endure strain up to 100% by themselves; thus, integration density can be enhanced without sacrificing the stretchability. We expect that our approach can create more compact stretchable electronics with high-end functionality than before.
Striatal dopamine dissociates methylphenidate effects on value-based versus surprise-based reversal learning
Authors: van den Bosch Ruben , Lambregts Britt , Määttä Jessica , Hofmans Lieke , Papadopetraki Danae , Westbrook Andrew , Verkes Robbert-Jan , Booij Jan , Cools Roshan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPsychostimulants such as methylphenidate are widely used for their cognitive enhancing effects, but there is large variability in the direction and extent of these effects. We tested the hypothesis that methylphenidate enhances or impairs reward/punishment-based reversal learning depending on baseline striatal dopamine levels and corticostriatal gating of reward/punishment-related representations in stimulus-specific sensory cortex. Young healthy adults (N = 100) were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging during a reward/punishment reversal learning task, after intake of methylphenidate or the selective D2/3-receptor antagonist sulpiride. Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity was indexed with [18F]DOPA positron emission tomography. Methylphenidate improved and sulpiride decreased overall accuracy and response speed. Both drugs boosted reward versus punishment learning signals to a greater degree in participants with higher dopamine synthesis capacity. By contrast, striatal and stimulus-specific sensory surprise signals were boosted in participants with lower dopamine synthesis. These results unravel the mechanisms by which methylphenidate gates both attention and reward learning.
Recent climate change has driven divergent hydrological shifts in high-latitude peatlands
Authors: Zhang Hui , Väliranta Minna , Swindles Graeme T. , Aquino-López Marco A. , Mullan Donal , Tan Ning , Amesbury Matthew , Babeshko Kirill V. , Bao Kunshan , Bobrov Anatoly , Chernyshov Viktor , Davies Marissa A. , Diaconu Andrei-Cosmin , Feurdean Angelica , Finkelstein Sarah A. , Garneau Michelle , Guo Zhengtang , Jones Miriam C. , Kay Martin , Klein Eric S. , Lamentowicz Mariusz , Magnan Gabriel , Marcisz Katarzyna , Mazei Natalia , Mazei Yuri , Payne Richard , Pelletier Nicolas , Piilo Sanna R. , Pratte Steve , Roland Thomas , Saldaev Damir , Shotyk William , Sim Thomas G. , Sloan Thomas J. , Słowiński Michał , Talbot Julie , Taylor Liam , Tsyganov Andrey N. , Wetterich Sebastian , Xing Wei , Zhao Yan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHigh-latitude peatlands are changing rapidly in response to climate change, including permafrost thaw. Here, we reconstruct hydrological conditions since the seventeenth century using testate amoeba data from 103 high-latitude peat archives. We show that 54% of the peatlands have been drying and 32% have been wetting over this period, illustrating the complex ecohydrological dynamics of high latitude peatlands and their highly uncertain responses to a warming climate.
Differential proteomic analysis of plasma-derived exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers for chronic HBV-related liver disease
Authors: Ye Bo , Shen Yifei , Chen Hui , Lin Sha , Mao Weilin , Dong Yuejiao , Li Xuefen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major public health problem worldwide. We aimed to identify new, non-invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of chronic HBV-related diseases, reveal alterations in the progression of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, exosomes were isolated and characterized through size exclusion chromatography and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Profiles of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were analyzed through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. Results showed that the DEPs, including CO9, LBP, SVEP1, and VWF levels in extracellular vesicles (EVs) were significantly higher in CHB than in healthy controls (HCs). VWF expression levels in EVs were significantly lower in CHB than in those with LC. KV311 expression levels in EVs were significantly higher, whereas LBP levels were significantly lower in patients with CHB than in those with HCC. All biomarkers seemed to exhibit a high diagnostic capacity for HBV-related liver disease. Patients with HBV-induced chronic liver disease exhibit characteristic protein profiles in their EVs. Thus, serum exosomes may be used as novel, liquid biopsy biomarkers to provide useful clinical information for the diagnosis of HBV-related liver diseases at different stages.
Early decompression promotes motor recovery after cervical spinal cord injury in rats with chronic cervical spinal cord compression
Authors: Okimatsu Sho , Furuya Takeo , Miura Masataka , Shiratani Yuki , Yunde Atsushi , Inoue Takaki , Maki Satoshi , Ohtori Seiji 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe number of elderly patients with spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities (SCIWORA) has been increasing in recent years and common of most cervical spinal cord injuries. Basic research has shown the effectiveness of early decompression after spinal cord injury on the spinal cord without stenosis; no studies have reported the efficacy of decompression in models with spinal cord compressive lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of decompression surgery after acute spinal cord injury in rats with chronic spinal cord compressive lesions, mimicking SCIWORA. A water-absorbent polymer sheet (Aquaprene DX, Sanyo Chemical Industries) was inserted dorsally into the 4–5th cervical sublaminar space in 8-week-old Sprague Dawley rats to create a rat model with a chronic spinal compressive lesion. At the age of 16 weeks, 30 mildly myelopathic or asymptomatic rats with a Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan score (BBB score) of 19 or higher were subjected to spinal cord compression injuries. The rats were divided into three groups: an immediate decompression group (decompress immediately after injury), a sub-acute decompression group (decompress 1 week after injury), and a non-decompression group. Behavioral and histological evaluations were performed 4 weeks after the injury. At 20 weeks of age, the BBB score and FLS (Forelimb Locomotor Scale) of both the immediate and the sub-acute decompression groups were significantly higher than those of the non-decompression group. There was no significant difference between the immediate decompression group and the sub-acute decompression group. TUNEL (transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) staining showed significantly fewer positive cells in both decompression groups compared to the non-decompression group. LFB (Luxol fast blue) staining showed significantly more demyelination, and GAP-43 (growth associated protein-43) staining tended to show fewer positive cells in the non-decompression group. Decompression surgery in the acute or sub-acute phase of injury is effective after mild spinal cord injury in rats with chronic compressive lesions. There was no significant difference between the immediate decompression and sub-acute decompression groups.
Modeling resilient modulus of subgrade soils using LSSVM optimized with swarm intelligence algorithms
Authors: Azam Abdelhalim , Bardhan Abidhan , Kaloop Mosbeh R. , Samui Pijush , Alanazi Fayez , Alzara Majed , Yosri Ahmed M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResilient modulus (Mr) of subgrade soils is one of the crucial inputs in pavement structural design methods. However, the spatial variability of soil properties and the nature of test protocols, the laboratory determination of Mr has become inexpedient. This paper aims to design an accurate soft computing technique for the prediction of Mr of subgrade soils using the hybrid least square support vector machine (LSSVM) approaches. Six swarm intelligence algorithms, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), symbiotic organisms search (SOS), salp swarm algorithm (SSA), slime mould algorithm (SMA), and Harris hawks optimization (HHO) have been applied and compared to optimize the LSSVM parameters. For this purpose, a literature dataset (891 datasets) of different types of soils has been used to design and evaluate the proposed models. The input variables in all of the proposed models included confining stress, deviator stress, unconfined compressive strength, degree of soil saturation, soil moisture content, optimum moisture content, plasticity index, liquid limit, and percent of soil particles (P #200). The accuracy of the proposed models was assessed by comparing the predicted with the observed of Mr values with respect to different statistical analyses, i.e., root means square error (RMSE) and determination coefficient (R2). For modeling the Mr of subgrade soils, percent passing No. 200 sieve, optimum moisture content, and unconfined compressive strength were found to be the most significant variables. It is observed that the performance of LSSVM-GWO, LSSVM-SOS, and LSSVM-SSA outperforms other models in predicting accurate values of Mr. The (RMSE and R2) of the LSSVM-GWO, LSSVM-SSA, and LSSVM-SOS are (6.79 MPa and 0.940), (6.78 MPa and 0.940), and (6.72 MPa and 0.942), respectively, and hence, LSSVM-SOS can be used for high estimating accuracy of Mr of subgrade soils.
Clusters of risk factors in metabolic syndrome and their influence on central blood pressure in a global study
Authors: Laucyte-Cibulskiene Agne , Chen Chen-Huan , Cockroft John , Cunha Pedro G. , Kavousi Maryam , Laucevicius Aleksandras , Muiesan Maria Lorenza , Rietzschel Ernst R. , Ryliskyte Ligita , Strazhesko Irina D. , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Cotter Jorge , Dudinskaya Ekatherina N. , Gale Nichola , Ahmadizar Fariba , Mattace-Raso Francesco U. S. , Munnery Maggie , Oliveira Pedro , Paini Anna , Salvetti Massimo , Tkacheva Olga N. , Lakatta Edward G. , Nilsson Peter M. , Scuteri Angelo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and clusters of its components on central blood pressure (CBP) has not been well characterized. We aimed to describe the effect of MetS and clusters of its components on CBP in a large population and to identify whether this effect differs in men and women. We studied 15,609 volunteers (43% women) from 10 cohorts worldwide who participated in the Metabolic syndrome and Artery REsearch Consortium. MetS was defined according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria (GHTBW, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure, waist circumference). CBP was measured noninvasively and acquired from pulse wave analysis by applanation tonometry. MetS was associated with a 50% greater odds of having higher CSBP. After controlling for age, male sex, non HDL cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and mean arterial pressure, only specific clusters of MetS components were associated with a higher CSBP; and some of them were significant in women but not in men. We identified “risky clusters” of MetS variables associated with high CSBP. Future studies are needed to confirm they identify subjects at high risk of accelerated arterial aging and, thus, need more intensive clinical management.
Safety evaluation of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide oral administration in healthy adult men and women
Authors: Fukamizu Yuichiro , Uchida Yoshiaki , Shigekawa Akari , Sato Toshiya , Kosaka Hisayuki , Sakurai Takanobu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA decrease in the intracellular level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an essential coenzyme for metabolic activity, causes various age-related diseases and metabolic abnormalities. Both in-vivo and in-vitro studies have shown that increasing certain NAD+ levels in cell or tissue by supplementing nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor of NAD+, alleviates age-related diseases and metabolic disorders. In recent years, several clinical trials have been performed to elucidate NMN efficacy in humans. However, previous clinical studies with NMN have not reported on the safety of repeated daily oral administration of ≥ 1000 mg/shot in healthy adult men and women, and human clinical trials on NMN safety are limited. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to evaluate the safety of 1250 mg of β-NMN administered orally once daily for up to 4 weeks in 31 healthy adult men and women aged 20–65 years. Oral administration of β-NMN did not result in changes exceeding physiological variations in multiple clinical trials, including anthropometry, hematological, biochemical, urine, and body composition analyses. Moreover, no severe adverse events were observed during the study period. Our results indicate that β-NMN is safe and well-tolerated in healthy adult men and women an oral dose of 1250 mg once daily for up to 4 weeks.Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: UMIN000043084. Registered 21/01/2021. https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000049188.