bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PDGF-R inhibition induces glioblastoma cell differentiation via DUSP1/p38MAPK signalling
Authors: Lane Rosemary , Cilibrasi Chiara , Chen Jianing , Shah Kalpit , Messuti Eleonora , Mazarakis Nektarios K. , Stebbing Justin , Critchley Giles , Song Erwei , Simon Thomas , Giamas Georgios 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and fatal primary brain tumour in adults. Considering that resistance to current therapies leads to limited response in patients, new therapeutic options are urgently needed. In recent years, differentiation therapy has been proposed as an alternative for GBM treatment, with the aim of bringing cancer cells into a post-mitotic/differentiated state, ultimately limiting tumour growth. As an integral component of cancer development and regulation of differentiation processes, kinases are potential targets of differentiation therapies. The present study describes how the screening of a panel of kinase inhibitors (KIs) identified PDGF-Rα/β inhibitor CP-673451 as a potential differentiation agent in GBM. We show that targeting PDGF-Rα/β with CP-673451 in vitro triggers outgrowth of neurite-like processes in GBM cell lines and GBM stem cells (GSCs), suggesting differentiation into neural-like cells, while reducing proliferation and invasion in 3D hyaluronic acid hydrogels. In addition, we report that treatment with CP-673451 improves the anti-tumour effects of temozolomide in vivo using a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. RNA sequencing and follow-up proteomic analysis revealed that upregulation of phosphatase DUSP1 and consecutive downregulation of phosphorylated-p38MAPKcan underlie the pro-differentiation effect of CP-673451 on GBM cells. Overall, the present study identifies a potential novel therapeutic option that could benefit GBM patients in the future, through differentiation of residual GSCs post-surgery, with the aim to limit recurrence and improve quality of life.
Gene conversion: a non-Mendelian process integral to meiotic recombination
Authors: Lorenz Alexander , Mpaulo Samantha J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMeiosis is undoubtedly the mechanism that underpins Mendelian genetics. Meiosis is a specialised, reductional cell division which generates haploid gametes (reproductive cells) carrying a single chromosome complement from diploid progenitor cells harbouring two chromosome sets. Through this process, the hereditary material is shuffled and distributed into haploid gametes such that upon fertilisation, when two haploid gametes fuse, diploidy is restored in the zygote. During meiosis the transient physical connection of two homologous chromosomes (one originally inherited from each parent) each consisting of two sister chromatids and their subsequent segregation into four meiotic products (gametes), is what enables genetic marker assortment forming the core of Mendelian laws. The initiating events of meiotic recombination are DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) which need to be repaired in a certain way to enable the homologous chromosomes to find each other. This is achieved by DSB ends searching for homologous repair templates and invading them. Ultimately, the repair of meiotic DSBs by homologous recombination physically connects homologous chromosomes through crossovers. These physical connections provided by crossovers enable faithful chromosome segregation. That being said, the DSB repair mechanism integral to meiotic recombination also produces genetic transmission distortions which manifest as postmeiotic segregation events and gene conversions. These processes are non-reciprocal genetic exchanges and thus non-Mendelian.
Biosorption of metribuzin pesticide by Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) peels-zinc oxide nanoparticles composite
Authors: Haq Atta ul , Saeed Muhammad , Muneer Majid , Jamal Muhammad Asghar , Maqbool Tahir , Tahir Tayyab 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHerein, a biosorbent was prepared from cucumber peels modified with ZnO nanoparticles (CPZiONp-composite) for the biosorption of metribuzin. Characterization of the composite was accomplished using FTIR, SEM, EDX, surface area pore size analyzer and pH of point of zero charge (pHpzc). Biosorption study was executed in batch concerning the impact of pH, composite dose, contact time, initial metribuzin concentration and temperature. The biosorption depends on pH and maximum biosorption was acquired at pH 3.0. Surface chemistry of the composite was studied by determining the pHpzc and was found to be 6.1. The biosorption nature was investigated using isotherms and was assessed that Freundlich isotherm is well suited for the fitting of the biosorption data owing to the highest R2. The maximum biosorption capacity of CPZiONp-composite was found to be 200 mg g-1. The biosorption data were fitted in to different kinetic models and the outcomes suggesting that pseudo second order is a satisfactory model to interpret the biosorption data owing to the highest R2. Thermodynamic parameters for instance entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy were computed and revealed that biosorption of metribuzin onto CPZiONp-composite is spontaneous and exothermic process.
mRNA–miRNA bipartite networks reconstruction in different tissues of bladder cancer based on gene co-expression network analysis
Authors: Abedi Zahra , MotieGhader Habib , Hosseini Sahar Sadat , Sheikh Beig Goharrizi Mohammad Ali , Masoudi-Nejad Ali 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBladder cancer (BC) is one of the most important cancers worldwide, and if it is diagnosed early, its progression in humans can be prevented and long-term survival will be achieved accordingly. This study aimed to identify novel micro-RNA (miRNA) and gene-based biomarkers for diagnosing BC. The microarray dataset of BC tissues (GSE13507) listed in the GEO database was analyzed for this purpose. The gene expression data from three BC tissues including 165 primary bladder cancer (PBC), 58 normal looking-bladder mucosae surrounding cancer (NBMSC), and 23 recurrent non-muscle invasive tumor tissues (RNIT) were used to reconstruct gene co-expression networks. After preprocessing and normalization, deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained and used to construct the weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA). Gene co-expression modules and low-preserved modules were extracted among BC tissues using network clustering. Next, the experimentally validated mRNA-miRNA interaction information were used to reconstruct three mRNA-miRNA bipartite networks. Reactome pathway database and Gene ontology (GO) was subsequently performed for the extracted genes of three bipartite networks and miRNAs, respectively. To further analyze the data, ten hub miRNAs (miRNAs with the highest degree) were selected in each bipartite network to reconstruct three bipartite subnetworks. Finally, the obtained biomarkers were comprehensively investigated and discussed in authentic studies. The obtained results from our study indicated a group of genes including PPARD, CST4, CSNK1E, PTPN14, ETV6, and ADRM1 as well as novel miRNAs (e.g., miR-16-5p, miR-335-5p, miR-124-3p, and let-7b-5p) which might be potentially associated with BC and could be a potential biomarker. Afterward, three drug-gene interaction networks were reconstructed to explore candidate drugs for the treatment of BC. The hub miRNAs in the mRNA-miRNA bipartite network played a fundamental role in BC progression; however, these findings need further investigation.
Identifying prognostic factors for clinical outcomes and costs in four high-volume surgical treatments using routinely collected hospital data
Authors: Salet N. , Stangenberger V. A. , Eijkenaar F. , Schut F. T. , Schut M. C. , Bremmer R. H. , Abu-Hanna A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIdentifying prognostic factors (PFs) is often costly and labor-intensive. Routinely collected hospital data provide opportunities to identify clinically relevant PFs and construct accurate prognostic models without additional data-collection costs. This multicenter (66 hospitals) study reports on associations various patient-level variables have with outcomes and costs. Outcomes were in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of stay, 30-day readmission, 30-day reintervention and in-hospital costs. Candidate PFs were age, sex, Elixhauser Comorbidity Score, prior hospitalizations, prior days spent in hospital, and socio-economic status. Included patients dealt with either colorectal carcinoma (CRC, n = 10,254), urinary bladder carcinoma (UBC, n = 17,385), acute percutaneous coronary intervention (aPCI, n = 25,818), or total knee arthroplasty (TKA, n = 39,214). Prior hospitalization significantly increased readmission risk in all treatments (OR between 2.15 and 25.50), whereas prior days spent in hospital decreased this risk (OR between 0.55 and 0.95). In CRC patients, women had lower risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 0.64), ICU admittance (OR 0.68) and 30-day reintervention (OR 0.70). Prior hospitalization was the strongest PF for higher costs across all treatments (31–64% costs increase/hospitalization). Prognostic model performance (c-statistic) ranged 0.67–0.92, with Brier scores below 0.08. R-squared ranged from 0.06–0.19 for LoS and 0.19–0.38 for costs. Identified PFs should be considered as building blocks for treatment-specific prognostic models and information for monitoring patients after surgery. Researchers and clinicians might benefit from gaining a better insight into the drivers behind (costs) prognosis.
Ultrasound localization microscopy and functional ultrasound imaging reveal atypical features of the trigeminal ganglion vasculature
Authors: Réaux-Le-Goazigo Annabelle , Beliard Benoit , Delay Lauriane , Rahal Line , Claron Julien , Renaudin Noémi , Rivals Isabelle , Thibaut Miguel , Nouhoum Mohamed , Deffieux Thomas , Tanter Mickael , Pezet Sophie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe functional imaging within the trigeminal ganglion (TG) is highly challenging due to its small size and deep localization. This study combined a methodological framework able to dive into the rat trigeminal nociceptive system by jointly providing 1) imaging of the TG blood vasculature at microscopic resolution, and 2) the measurement of hemodynamic responses evoked by orofacial stimulations in anesthetized rats. Despite the small number of sensory neurons within the TG, functional ultrasound imaging was able to image and quantify a strong and highly localized hemodynamic response in the ipsilateral TG, evoked not only by mechanical or chemical stimulations of corneal nociceptive fibers, but also by cutaneous mechanical stimulations of the ophthalmic and maxillary orofacial regions using a von Frey hair. The in vivo quantitative imaging of the TG’s vasculature using ultrasound localization microscopy combined with in toto labelling reveals particular features of the vascularization of the area containing the sensory neurons, that are likely the origin of this strong vaso-trigeminal response. This innovative imaging approach opens the path for future studies on the mechanisms underlying changes in trigeminal local blood flow and evoked hemodynamic responses, key mechanisms for the understanding and treatment of debilitating trigeminal pain conditions.
Further investigation of convolutional neural networks applied in computational electromagnetism under physics‐informed consideration
Authors: Gong Ruohan , Tang Zuqi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractConvolutional neural networks (CNN) have shown great potentials and have been proven to be an effective tool for some image‐based deep learning tasks in the field of computational electromagnetism (CEM). In this work, an energy‐based physics‐informed neural network (EPINN) is proposed for low‐frequency electromagnetic computation. Two different physics‐informed loss functions are designed. To help the network focus on the region of interest instead of computing the whole domain on average, the magnetic energy norm error loss function is proposed. Besides, the methodology of energy minimization is integrated into the CNN by introducing the magnetic energy error loss function. It is observed that the introduction of the physics‐informed loss functions improved the accuracy of the network with the same architecture and database. Meanwhile, these changes also cause the network to be more sensitive to some hyperparameters and makes the training process oscillate or even diverge. To address this issue, the sensitivity of the network hyperparameters for both physics‐informed loss functions are further investigated. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed approaches have good accuracy and efficiency with fine‐tuned hyperparameters. Furthermore, the post‐test illustrates that the EPINN has excellent interpolation performance and can obtain good extrapolation results under certain restrictions.
Design of microstrip quint‐band lowpass–bandpass filters with flexible passband allocation
Authors: Wu Chia‐Lian , Tu Wen‐Hua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn this paper, newly proposed microstrip quint‐band lowpass–bandpass filters are presented. The lowpass filter structure comprises a meandered transmission line and modified T‐shaped resonators. Based on such an lowpass filter (LPF) structure, a quad‐band λ/4 inductively‐coupled dual‐mode stub‐loaded stepped impedance resonators BPF with one pair of a coupled I/O feeding line are parallelled on both sides of LPF to construct a quint‐band lowpass–bandpass filter. By incorporating the parallel I/O coupled line and utilising multiple coupling paths, four bandpass bands can be fully controlled and designed independently. Specially, two distinct types of bandpass filters with different generating mechanisms are investigated and then combined to provide the quad‐band responses. To validate the design concept, two types of quint‐band lowpass–bandpass filters are designed, fabricated, and tested, where simulation results agree well with measurement results.
A deep learning algorithm for joint direct tracking and classification of manoeuvring sources
Authors: Yu Wanting , Yu Hongyi , Du Jianping , Zhang Mengli , Wang Ding 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe remarkable success of deep learning technologies has provided new ideas for solving complex tracking problems. It is difficult for traditional algorithms to directly estimate the trajectory vector and target class from the received signal due to the limitation of modelling ability, which causes inevitable information loss. Moreover, existing algorithms suffer severe performance degradation when dealing with problems that are difficult to mathematically model in advance, such as highly nonlinear observations and manoeuvring scenarios. To address these issues, we propose a deep learning algorithm for joint direct tracking and classification (DeepDTC), which is a novel direct tracking framework. Specifically, we construct a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based signal processing component to capture observation features, and a Transformer‐based trajectory tracking component to capture the features of target state and identity. Meanwhile, in signal processing component, we design an attribute network to learn auxiliary knowledge features. Finally, we construct a multi‐task learning network to connect these components and estimate trajectory vectors and target classes simultaneously. Our algorithm takes the transformer with attention mechanism as the core network, which is highly scalable and suitable for introducing various auxiliary knowledge. The comparison experiments with traditional methods demonstrate the effectiveness and advancement of the proposed algorithm. The comparative experiments with the single‐task model show that DeepDTC can further improve the tracking accuracy by utilising the learnt classification information.
Design optimisation of low earth orbit constellation based on BeiDou Satellite Navigation System precise point positioning
Authors: Liu Jing , Hao Jinming , Yang Yan , Xu Zheyu , Liu Weiping , Wu Renzhe 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe use of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites to enhance the performance of global navigation satellite system navigation and positioning services has become a popular research topic. In this study, NSGA‐III optimisation algorithm was used to design two hybrid configurations of 177 and 186 LEO constellations for enhancing the BeiDou Satellite Navigation System (BDS). Under the enhanced effect of optimisation constellation, the global average geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) of BDS was reduced to 0.8 ± 0.1, and the maximum GDOP was reduced from 2.4 to less than 1.1 (54.2% reduction). In order to verify the contribution of the two constellations to the convergence time and positioning accuracy of BDS precise point positioning (PPP), a LEO enhanced BDS PPP simulation experiment was carried out using International GNSS Service data from five stations. The results show that after 10 min of static positioning, both LEO constellations improved the positioning accuracy of BDS from the decimetre level to less than 5 cm. The maximum improvement for 177 and 186 LEO was 95.0% and 96.9%, respectively. Additionally, the convergence time for 177 and 186 LEO reduced to less than 3.5 and 3 min, and the maximum improvement was 93.5% and 95.2%, respectively. Overall, both constellations can improve the positioning accuracy and convergence time of BDS PPP.
Suizidversuch mit Zyanidverbindung – Gefahr für alle Einsatzkräfte!
Authors: Scheltz Claudia , Rudolph Sören , Piel Ines , Koch Matthias , Radischat Christian , Skorupa Frank 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungZyanidvergiftungen in suizidaler Absicht sind sehr selten, da ein gewisses chemisches Grundwissen und der Zugang zu den erforderlichen Substanzen notwendig sind.Gerade deswegen können Unsicherheiten im Umgang und Unkenntnis des Gefahrstoffes zu falscher Behandlung und falschem Vorgehen am Notfallort führen.Einfache Einsatzstichworte (ohne Kenntnis der Chemikalie) wie „Suizid“, „Suizidandrohung“ oder „Chemikalien“ helfen in der gedanklichen Vorbereitung auf den Einsatz, auf der Fahrt
zum Einsatzort oder bei der Überlegung zu Schutzkleidung und/oder Antidoten nicht weiter.
Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Hinze Claas , Dressler Frank , Schara-Schmidt Ulrike , Haas Johannes-Peter 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungDie juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM) ist die häufigste chronische
entzündliche Myopathie des Kindesalters. In dieser Übersicht
soll der aktuelle Kenntnisstand hinsichtlich der Diagnostik, Behandlung und
Überwachung der JDM dargestellt werden. So liegen häufig
myositis-spezifische Antikörper vor, die mit klinischen
Phänotypen und dem Verlauf der Erkrankung korrelieren. Typ I Interferone
spielen eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathogenese der Erkrankung.
Möglicherweise kann diese Beobachtung in der Zukunft zu gezielten
Therapien führen. Da langfristig schwerwiegende Komplikationen, wie
z. B. Kalzinosen oder Lipodystrophie, drohen, besonders bei auf Dauer
unzureichend kontrollierter Erkrankung, ist eine möglichst rasche und
effektive Behandlung anzustreben. Zu diesem Zweck sollte eine intensive
Remissionsinduktionstherapie, gefolgt von einer zielgerichteten Therapie
angestrebt werden. Verschiedene validierte Messinstrumente stehen zur
Verfügung, um den Verlauf der Erkrankung zu beurteilen. Die
Pro-KIND-Initiative der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie
hat Praxis- und Konsens-basiert in Deutschland sowohl eine diagnostische als
auch eine Treat-to-Target-Behandlungsstrategie entwickelt. Im Rahmen nationaler
und internationaler Kollaborationen soll sich die Behandlung der JDM in der
Zukunft weiter verbessern.
An Anatomic Assessment of the Intercavernous Sinuses and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kosty Jennifer , Peterson Racheal , Miriyala Sumitra , Banks Timothy , Kandregula Sandeep , Dossani Rimal , Guthikonda Bharat 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction As expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches are gaining popularity, a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the intercavernous sinuses is pertinent to avoid bleeding complications. There have been few studies reporting the presence and dimensions of the anterior intercavernous sinus (AIS), posterior intercavernous sinus (PIS), and inferior intercavernous sinus (IIS). We performed a cadaveric study to better understand these structures.
Methods Colored latex was injected into the arterial and venous trees of 17 cadaveric heads. Dissections assessed the presence and dimensions of the AIS, PIS, and IIS. In an additional three specimens, the sellar contents were subjected to histological analysis.
Results Of the 20 total specimens, 13 (65%) demonstrated the gross presence of all three sinuses. In six specimens (30%), only the AIS and PIS could be identified, and in one specimen, only an AIS and IIS were identified. An AIS was identified in all 20 (100%) specimens, PIS in 18 (88%), and an IIS in 14 (70%). In two specimens (10%), the AIS covered the entire face of the sella. Dimensions of the AIS averaged 1.7 × 11.7 × 2.8 mm, PIS averaged 1.5 × 10.8 × 1.7 mm, and IIS averaged 8.7 × 11.8 × 1.0 mm when present.
Conclusion All examined specimens demonstrated the presence of an AIS, and most had a PIS. The presence of an IIS was more variable. Preoperative awareness of these sinuses is helpful in planning transsphenoidal surgery to minimize the risk of bleeding.
Effect of Maternal Subclinical Hypothyroidism on Congenital Hypothyroidism Screening Results: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Korkut Sabriye , Çaylan Nilgün , Özgü-Erdinç Ayse S. , Akın Mustafa Ş. , Ceyhan Meryem , Kara Fatih , Tezel Başak , Oğuz Şerife S. 
Published: April 2022

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the results of congenital hypothyroidism screening (CHS) in neonates born to women with subclinical hypothyroidism (SHT) during pregnancy and to identify maternal and neonatal characteristics associated with recall rate in CHS.
Study Design This retrospective cohort study included nonrefugee pregnant women and newborn pairs who underwent thyroid function tests during prenatal follow-up between 2014 and 2017 and had neonatal CHS records. The women were evaluated overall and divided into euthyroidism (ET) and SHT groups according to their thyroid function tests. The groups were compared in terms of CHS results. Neonates with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels <5.5 mIU/L were considered “normal,” while those with values ≥5.5 mIU/L were “recall.”
Results The antenatal thyroid function data of a total of 22,383 pregnant women were analyzed. Of these, 71.6% were ET and 16.3% were diagnosed as SHT. Overall, the recall rate accounted for 5.34% of all CHS results and the recall rate was higher in the SHT group (7.10%) compared with the ET group (5.54%; p = 0.001). Being low birth weight (LBW) or large for gestation age (LGA), maternal TSH above the 97.5th percentile, and cesarean delivery increased the risk of recall in CHS (p ˂ 0.05).
Conclusion The recall rate was higher among the neonates of mothers with SHT. Being LBW or LGA, maternal TSH above the 97.5th percentile and cesarean delivery increased the risk of recall in CHS.
Key Points