bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ICHOM Standard Set for Pregnancy and Childbirth – Translation and Linguistic Adaptation for Germany
Authors: Hartmann Claudia , Rose Matthias , Weichert Alexander , Weißhaupt Karen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction The gathering of health and quality-of-life issues that matter most to patients over so-called patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is a key aspect of patient-centered
healthcare. In obstetrics, this approach has the potential to expand the current understanding of what quality entails by including patient perspectives. The International Consortium for
Health Outcome Measures (ICHOM), founded in 2012, is a global organization which aims to standardise the collection of PROs and make the results comparable worldwide. A PRO Set for
obstetrics, “Pregnancy and Childbirth”, was published in 2018. The aim of our work was to translate the instruments of this set that are not yet available in German into German.
Methods The instruments were translated from English into German using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) translation method. The translated instruments
consisted of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale – Short Form (BSES-SF), the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS), and the Birth Satisfaction Scale – Revised (BSS-R) as well as a number
of individual questions (items).
Results The final version of the German translations were found to be easily comprehensible by the target group. During the cognitive debriefing, it became clear that pregnant women
and women who had just given birth often used a number of medically incorrect terms to refer to their symptoms or complaints. In the translations great care was taken to ensure that the
wording was as close as possible to the general usage of the language while at the same time the terminology was medically correct. To achieve a precise but comprehensible translation, the
response structure of the BSES-SF also had to be adapted.
Conclusions The instruments of the ICHOM Standard Set “Pregnancy and Childbirth”, which were not previously available in German, were successfully translated into German. This meant
dealing with a few challenges such as adapting questions or response structures. The cultural and linguistic comprehensibility of the German translations were confirmed during the subsequent
cognitive debriefing. The translations offer the possibility of implementing the complete ICHOM Set for Pregnancy and Childbirth. This would provide an opportunity to expand the existing
understanding of quality by including the subjective experience of women during and after childbirth and, in future, to compare outcomes with those of other hospitals across the world.
Stimulieren, justieren, regulieren
Authors: Brun Richard 
Published: July 2022

SummaryMikronährstoffe modulieren den zellulären Stoffwechsel – und damit meist auch die Intensität und Richtung der Immunantwort. Viele neuere Studien weisen im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Zufuhrempfehlungen einen höheren Bedarf aus und geben auch außerhalb therapeutischer Interventionen Anlass zu einer routinemäßigen, moderaten Supplementierung. Zu den immunstimulierenden Mikronährstoffen zählen insbesondere Vitamin C, D, Zink, Selen und Eisen.
Die besondere Rolle des Vitamin D
Authors: Tartsch Jens , von Baehr Volker 
Published: July 2022

SummaryVitamin D wird vornehmlich nicht über die Nahrung aufgenommen, sondern durch Sonneneinstrahlung durch den Organismus gebildet. Parodontitis ist eine lokale Problematik, aber auch ein systemischer Entzündungsherd, wodurch ein Zusammenhang zu verschiedenen Erkrankungen besteht. Vitamin D kann bei Parodontitis über verschiedene Wege hilfreich sein, insbesondere über antiinflammatorische und antibakterielle Vorgänge.
Practical Aspects of novel MRI Techniques in Neuroradiology: Part 2 – Acceleration Methods and Implications for Individual Regions
Authors: Sundermann Benedikt , Billebaut Benoit , Bauer Jochen , Iacoban Catalin George , Alykova Olga , Schülke Christoph , Gerdes Maike , Kugel Harald , Neduvakkattu Sojan , Bösenberg Holger , Mathys Christian 
Published: July 2022

Background Recently introduced MRI techniques facilitate accelerated examinations or increased resolution with the same duration. Further techniques offer homogeneous image quality in regions with anatomical transitions. The question arises whether and how these techniques can be adopted for routine diagnostic imaging.
Methods Narrative review with an educational focus based on current literature research and practical experiences of different professions involved (physicians, MRI technologists/radiographers, physics/biomedical engineering). Different hardware manufacturers are considered.
Results and Conclusions Compressed sensing and simultaneous multi-slice imaging are novel acceleration techniques with different yet complimentary applications. They do not suffer from classical signal-to-noise-ratio penalties. Combining 3 D and acceleration techniques facilitates new broader examination protocols, particularly for clinical brain imaging. In further regions of the nervous systems mainly specific applications appear to benefit from recent technological improvements.
Key points:
Citation Format
Trends in the Prevalence and Postoperative Surgical Complications for Smokers Who Underwent a Total Knee Arthroplasty from 2011 to 2019: An Analysis of 406,553 Patients
Authors: Simmons Hannah L. , Grits Dan , Orr Melissa , Murray Trevor , Klika Alison K. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSmoking is a modifiable risk factor for complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It is unclear if the declining prevalence of tobacco use in the U.S. population is reflected in patients undergoing elective TKA. This study aims to investigate (1) the incidence of 30-day complications following TKA in smokers and (2) trends in preoperative smoking status among TKA patients. In this study, patients undergoing primary elective TKA in the United States from 2011 to 2019 were identified in the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Our cohort included 406,553 cases, 8.13% of which had smoked cigarettes within 1 year of undergoing TKA. Smokers were propensity score-matched to a group of nonsmokers, with each n = 32,533. The incidences of 30-day complications, readmission, and non-home discharge were compared between groups. The rate of preoperative smoking among elective primary TKA patients remained stagnant from 2011 to 2019. Smokers had higher rates of superficial surgical site infections (SSIs; 1.1 vs. 0.5%, p < 0.001), deep SSI (0.3 vs. 0.2%, p = 0.012), wound disruption (0.4 vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001), pneumonia (0.5 vs. 0.3%, p < 0.001), and 30-day readmission (3.6 vs. 2.7%, p < 0.001) compared with nonsmokers. No significant trends in 30-day complications were noted between 2011 and 2019. This study supports the success of national efforts to reduce the prevalence of smoking and reports a modest effect within the TKA population. However, almost 1 in 10 patients undergoing elective TKA continues to smoke and maintains a higher risk of postoperative complications.
UK’s withdrawal from Justice and Home Affairs: a historical institutionalist analysis of policy trajectories
Authors: Wolff Sarah , Piquet Agathe , Carrapico Helena 
Published: July 2022

AbstractContrary to the idea that ‘Brexit means Brexit’, the article demonstrates that, in spite of leaving the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, the UK is not automatically seeking to distance itself from the EU’s activities and approaches to these policy fields. Using the concepts of disengagement, continued engagement and re-engagement and drawing from historical institutionalism, the article further clarifies that present and future trajectories of UK positions in respect of the EU action are conditioned by a path dependence created by the evolution of UK opt-ins and opt-outs in this field, by the politicisation of the Brexit negotiations in the context of the UK–EU relations and by domestic UK politics. We explore this argument across three policy areas: (1) police and judicial cooperation, (2) immigration, borders and asylum, and (3) cybersecurity.
Impact of technical reasoning and theory of mind on cumulative technological culture: insights from a model of micro-societies
Authors: Bluet Alexandre , Osiurak François , Claidière Nicolas , Reynaud Emanuelle 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOur technologies have never ceased to evolve, allowing our lineage to expand its habitat all over the Earth, and even to explore space. This phenomenon, called cumulative technological culture (CTC), has been studied extensively, notably using mathematical and computational models. However, the cognitive capacities needed for the emergence and maintenance of CTC remain largely unknown. In the literature, the focus is put on the distinctive ability of humans to imitate, with an emphasis on our unique social skills underlying it, namely theory of mind (ToM). A recent alternative view, called the technical-reasoning hypothesis, proposes that our unique ability to understand the physical world (i.e., technical reasoning; TR) might also play a critical role in CTC. Here, we propose a simple model, based on the micro-society paradigm, that integrates these two hypotheses. The model is composed of a simple environment with only one technology that is transmitted between generations of individuals. These individuals have two cognitive skills: ToM and TR, and can learn in different social-learning conditions to improve the technology. The results of the model show that TR can support both the transmission of information and the modification of the technology, and that ToM is not necessary for the emergence of CTC although it allows a faster growth rate.
Lemongrass essential oil reduces Mombasa grass silage gas losses, fibre content and pH after aerobic exposure
Authors: Garcia Thainá M. , Capucho Estéfani , Cantoia Júnior Roberto , Burró Mauricio F. B. , Noernberg Rebeca R. , Zilio Elissandra M. C. , Campana Mariana , Del Valle Tiago A. , de Morais Jozivaldo P. G. 
Published: July 2022

Context Ensiling is commonly used to conserve tropical grasses, but low water-soluble carbohydrates content and high moisture content in the grass impair silage fermentation characteristics. Essential oils may be used as silage additives to decrease fermentative losses and improve the nutritional value of silage, and aerobic stability, and in vitro DM disappearance. Aims The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of including lemongrass essential oil (LEO) on the fermentative characteristics, fermentative losses, chemical composition, in vitro disappearance and aerobic stability of Mombasa grass (Megathyrsus maximum) silage. Methods Mombasa grass was ensiled for 60 days in 32 experimental silos (15-L plastic buckets, 28 cm diameter and 25 cm high), in a randomly blocked design. LEO was included at 0.00, 0.67, 1.33 and 2.00 mL per kg of silage fresh matter. Silos were weighed every 15 days, pH and temperature were measured immediately after the silos were opened, and subsamples of silage were taken to measure the fermentative profile, composition of silage effluent, chemical composition and in vitro degradation of silage. Key results Increasing the amount of LEO in Mombasa grass silage caused a linear reduction in ammonia–nitrogen, ethanol (P < 0.05), acid detergent fibre of silage, gas losses and silage pH after aerobic exposure. There was no impact (P > 0.05) on organic acid concentration, effluent production or DM recovery (P > 0.05). Conclusions (Tilley and Terry 1963) Adding LEO to Mombasa grass silage at up to 2.00 mL per kg fresh material (almost 7.5 mL/kg DM) reduces gas losses, ammonia–nitrogen and acid-detergent fibre concentration, and silage pH after aerobic exposure. However, it is not sufficient to improve DM recovery and in vitro disappearance of silage. Implications Lemongrass essential oil shows a positive effect on Mombasa grass silage fermentation, fibre content and silage parameters after aerobic exposure, providing a useful additive in this silage.
Anisotropic optical transitions of gated β
12-borophene
Authors: Ngoc Hoang V , Hoi Bui D 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The honeycomb lattice of β
12-borophene has two types of triplet and Dirac fermions with different momenta. The coexistence of these fermions engenders anisotropic optical responses. The main goal of this work is to engineer the effect of electrostatic gating on such responses. We numerically calculate an effective optical conductivity tensor to address the effect of gate voltage on the blueshift (along the x-direction) and redshift (along the y-direction) spectra through multi-interband transitions. We also find a blueshift spectrum for the Hall conductivity. Further, we investigate the role of partial optical interband transitions on the total effective transitions. The findings here can be considered for practical optoelectronic applications.
Integrated kinematic precise orbit determination and clock estimation for low Earth orbit satellites with onboard and regional ground observations
Authors: Yang Zhixin , Liu Hui , Wang Pengxu , Xu Xintong , Qian Chuang , Shu Bao , Zhang Yi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Many low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations have been designed in recent years to provide global broadband Internet services. These constellations provide opportunities for LEO satellites to serve as navigation satellites by launching navigation signals while also being equipped with an onboard global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver. We propose a kinematic precise orbit determination (KPOD) and precise clock estimation (PCE) approach for LEO satellites by integrating regional ground observations and onboard observations of LEO satellites. By taking into account the LEO satellite clock bias, this approach can demonstrate the contributions of the ground and onboard observations of LEO satellites to the orbit and clock results, respectively. A composite LEO satellite constellation consisting of 168 satellites and observations from regional ground stations and LEO satellite onboard receivers are simulated considering the LEO satellite clock bias to verify the proposed approach. The results indicate that the convergence time of LEO satellite orbit determination can reach 9.38 min with the integrated KPOD (IKPOD) method, which is a reduction of 24.0% compared with the traditional KPOD method. However, the additional improvement in the LEO satellite orbit accuracy after convergence is very limited. The average root mean square (RMS) and standard deviation (STD) values of all LEO satellite clocks using the integrated PCE (IPCE) method with the participation of LEO satellite onboard observations can reach 0.27 ns and 0.15 ns, respectively. The improvements in the average RMS and STD are 42.6% and 60.5%, respectively, compared with the ground LEO PCE method. The convergence time and accuracy of LEO/GNSS precise point positioning can be improved by 44.6%, 48.3%, 26.7%, and 20.4% in the east, north, and up directions, respectively, using LEO satellite orbits and clocks from the IKPOD and IPCE methods compared with KPOD and PCE.
Water jet space charge spectroscopy: route to direct measurement of electron dynamics for organic systems in their natural environment
Authors: Mittermair Michael , Martin Felix , Wörle Martin , Bloß Dana , Duensing Andreas , Kienberger Reinhard , Hans Andreas , Iglev Hristo , Knie André , Helml Wolfram 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The toolbox for time-resolved direct measurements of electron dynamics covers a variety of methods. Since the experimental effort is increasing rapidly with achievable time resolution, there is an urge for simple and robust measurement techniques. Within this paper prove-of-concept experiments and numerical simulations are utilized to investigate the applicability of a new setup for the generation of ultrashort electron pulses in the energy range of 300 eV up to 1.6 keV. The experimental approach combines an in-vacuum liquid microjet and a few-cycle femtosecond laser system, while the threshold for electron impact ionization serves as a gate for the effective electron pulse duration. The experiments prove that electrons in the keV regime are accessible and that the electron spectrum can be easily tuned by laser intensity and focal position alignment with respect to the water jet. Numerical simulations show that a sub-picosecond temporal resolution is achievable.
Modelling efficient BB84 with applications for medium-range, terrestrial free-space QKD
Authors: Brougham Thomas , Oi Daniel K L 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Terrestrial free-space (FS) quantum key distribution (QKD) is ideally suited for deployment in dense urban environments. The transition from laboratory to commercial deployment, however, raises a number of important engineering and deployment issues. Here, we investigate these issues for efficient BB84 using a weak coherent pulse-decoy state protocol. We calculate expected key lengths for different environmental conditions and when the scope for optimisation of protocol parameters is restricted due to practical considerations. In particular, we find that for a fixed receiver basis choice probability, it can be advantageous to allow the transmitter to have a different basis choice probability depending on varying channel loss and background light levels. Finally, we examine the effects of pulse intensity uncertainty finding that they can dramatically reduce the key length. These results can be used to determine the loss budget for the FS optics of a QKD systems and assist in their design.
Static spherically symmetric wormholes in

gravity*
Authors: Tayde Moreshwar , Hassan Zinnat , Sahoo P.K. , Gutti Sashideep 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In this study, we obtain wormhole solutions in the recently proposed extension of symmetric teleparallel gravity, known as

gravity. Here, the gravitational Lagrangian L is defined by an arbitrary function f of Q and T, where Q is a non-metricity scalar, and T is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. In this study, we obtain field equations for a static spherically symmetric wormhole metric in the context of general

gravity. We study the wormhole solutions using (i) a linear equation of state and (ii) an anisotropy relation. We adopt two different forms of

, (a) linear

and (b) non-linear

, to investigate these solutions. We investigate various energy conditions to search for preservation and violation among the obtained solutions and find that the null energy condition is violated in both cases of our assumed forms of

. Finally, we perform a stability analysis using the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov equation.
Digital demodulation method based on multichannel combined acquisition for near-infrared spectrometer
Authors: Wang Z.H. , Sun P.Y. , Wang Y.Z. , Xing Y.B. , Liu J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With the evolution of digital technology, the digital
demodulation method has become widely employed in near-infrared
(NIR) spectrometers due to its advantages of reducing the volume,
enhancing the reliability, and increasing the flexibility of
instruments. However, digital demodulation has a lower
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which can be improved by lowering the
measurement precision, speed, and stability. To improve the SNR
without sacrificing the measurement speed or stability, an improved
digital demodulation method was developed based on multichannel
combined acquisition. To validate the proposed method, a
multichannel combined acquisition digital lock-in amplifier
demodulation system was designed for portable raster scanning NIR
spectrometers. In this system, six ADC channels were used in
conjunction to acquire the modulated sampling signal. Afterwards,
comparative experiments were conducted to compare the conventional
and novel methods. The experimental results revealed that the SNR
increased from 2499 to 3007 with a measurement time of 16.75 s and
17.08 s, respectively. Furthermore, scanning the reference
reflector resulted in a baseline drift of 0.064% and 0.060% with a
scanning time of 128.27 s and 128.21 s. Scanning the kaolin sample
resulted in a baseline drift of 0.27% and 0.23% with a scanning
time of 128.44 s and 128.53 s. In brief, the multichannel combined
acquisition method can improve the SNR of spectrometers without
compromising their stability or measurement time.
Irrigation characterization improved by the direct use of SMAP soil moisture anomalies within a data assimilation system
Authors: Kwon Yonghwan , Kumar Sujay V , Navari Mahdi , Mocko David M , Kemp Eric M , Wegiel Jerry W , Geiger James V , Bindlish Rajat 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Prior soil moisture data assimilation (DA) efforts to incorporate human management features such as agricultural irrigation has only shown limited success. This is partly due to the fact that observational rescaling approaches for bias correction used in soil moisture DA systems are less effective when unmodeled processes such as irrigation are the dominant source of systematic biases. In this article, we demonstrate an alternative approach, i.e. anomaly correction for overcoming this limitation. Unlike the rescaling approaches, the proposed method does not scale remote sensing soil moisture retrievals to the model climatology, but it extracts the temporal variability information from the retrievals. The study demonstrates this approach through the assimilation of soil moisture retrievals from the Soil Moisture Active Passive mission into the Noah land surface model. The results demonstrate that DA using the anomaly correction method can better capture the effect of irrigation on soil moisture in agricultural areas while providing comparable performance to the DA integrations using rescaling approaches in non-irrigated areas. These findings emphasize the need to reduce inconsistencies between remote sensing and the models so that assimilation methods can employ information from remote sensing more directly to develop representations of unmodeled processes such as irrigation.
Notes on n-point Witten diagrams in AdS2
Authors: Bliard Gabriel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWitten diagrams provide a perturbative framework for calculations in anti-de-Sitter space and play an essential role in a variety of holographic computations. In the case of this study in AdS2, the one-dimensional boundary allows for a simple setup, in which we obtain perturbative analytic results for correlators with the residue theorem. This elementary method is used to find all scalarn-point contact Witten diagrams for external operators of conformal dimensions Δ = 1 and Δ = 2, and to determine topological correlators of Yang–Mills in AdS2. Another established method is applied to explicitly compute exchange diagrams and give an example of a Polyakov block ind= 1. We also check perturbatively a recently proposed multipoint Ward identity with the strong coupling expansion of the six-point function of operators inserted on the 1/2 BPS Wilson line inN= 4 SYM.