bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure analysis and hardness prediction based on microstructure evolution theory in multi-pass welded joint
Authors: Zhang Qingya , Zhuo Zichao , Zhou Hong , Wang Jiangchao 
Published: January 2022

During multi-pass butt welding of high-strength steel (HSS) thick plate, it is difficult to estimate the hardness performance of thick weld since multithermal cycles can drive complex microstructure evolution. In this study, butt-welded joint of 75 mm-thick Q690 HSS was prepared by multi-pass shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) in advance; meanwhile, experiments were carried out to characterize microstructure and measure hardness distribution in butt-welded joint. Then, the welding temperature history of butt-welded joint was numerically examined. Based on the irreversibility of Martensite and Bainite, the microstructure evolution model was modified to predict the complicated microstructure evolution in multi-pass welded joint. Compared with experimental data, the validity of modified microstructure evolution model was verified. With the application of simulated thermal cycles and material chemical compositions as input parameters, volume fraction distribution of each phase was obtained by modified microstructure evolution model and hardness value was calculated by hardenability algorithm. Both experimental and predicted results exhibited that microstructure in weld metal (WM) is mainly composed of granular Bainite with a small amount of Ferrite and Martensite, and heat-affected zone (HAZ) consists of predominantly lath Martensite. Hardness distribution in butt-welded joint obtained by the prediction method is in accordance with the measurement. Average hardness value in WM and BM is 290 VPN and 250 VPN. A sharp decrease in HAZ hardness can be found from the fusion line to base metal (BM). The maximal value in the HAZ close to fusion line and the corresponding prediction deviation is 6%.
Financial liberalization and the Indian non-financial, corporate sector
Authors: Ganguly Arpan , Vasudevan Ramaa 
Published: January 2022

A distinct feature of the India’s path of financial liberalization is that it led to the emergence of the corporate, non-financial sector, rather than the financial sector as the key wedge for the penetration of global finance. Neoliberal reforms eroded the traditional role of development banks and state-directed credit and empowered a section of large corporations and non-financial companies in India. The partial, calibrated path to capital account liberalization has meant that this section of the Indian non-financial corporate sector, rather than the commercial banking system came to be the conduit integrating the Indian economy with international financial markets. Where the Indian state had earlier harnessed finance towards developmental priorities, it shifted to channeling finance in service of the internationally embedded segment of the corporate sector that enjoys disproportionate access to both the domestic financial system and international financial markets. JEL CodesE44 G32, F65
Reported time allocation and emotional exhaustion during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Slovenia
Authors: Bartolj Tjasa , Murovec Nika , Polanec Saso 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe absence of institutionalised childcare and education during the lockdowns, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, put parents who worked from home in a stressful situation in which they had to combine the roles of teacher, parent and employee. This study aims to analyse how the closure of kindergartens and schools during the March–May 2020 lockdown in Slovenia changed the reported allocation of time, and perceived emotional exhaustion of parents working from home, compared to nonparents. We also focus on the differences in the impacts of lockdown between genders, status of family-provision and employment sectors of parents. Using data from a survey carried out on cohabiting and married individuals in Slovenia and applying a difference-in-difference estimator, we find that parents incurred a significant increase in their unpaid work burden, reductions in time devoted to paid work and leisure and suffered an increase in emotional exhaustion. Namely, Slovenian parents reported roughly 2 h less of paid and 4 h more of unpaid work per day during the lockdown in comparison to nonparents. The analysis also demonstrates that females performed more unpaid work and enjoyed less leisure before the lockdown, but the lockdown adjustment did not further increase gender inequality.
Impact of Ketamine on Analgosedative Consumption in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chan Katalina , Burry Lisa D. , Tse Christopher , Wunsch Hannah , De Castro Charmaine , Williamson David R. 
Published: January 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize evidence available on continuous infusion ketamine versus nonketamine regimens for analgosedation in critically ill patients. Data sources A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CDSR, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed from database establishment to November 2021 using the following search terms: critical care, ICU, ketamine, sedation, and anesthesia. All studies included the primary outcome of interest: daily opioid and/or sedative consumption. Study selection and data extraction Relevant human studies were considered. Randomized controlled trials (RCT), quasi-experimental studies, and observational cohort studies were eligible. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and appraised studies using the Cochrane RoB and ROBINS-I tools. Data synthesis A total of 13 RCTs, 5 retrospective, and 1 prospective cohort study were included (2255 participants). The primary analysis of six RCTs demonstrated reduced opioid consumption with ketamine regimens (n = 494 participants, −13.19 µg kg−1 h−1 morphine equivalents, 95% CI −22.10 to −4.28, P = 0.004). No significant difference was observed in sedative consumption, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), ICU or hospital length of stay (LOS), intracranial pressure, and mortality. Small sample size of studies may have limited ability to detect true differences between groups. Relevance to patient care and clinical practice This meta-analysis examining ketamine use in critically ill patients is the first restricting analysis to RCTs and includes up-to-date publication of trials. Findings may guide clinicians in consideration and dosing of ketamine for multimodal analgosedation. Conclusion Results suggest ketamine as an adjunct analgosedative has the potential to reduce opioid exposure in postoperative and MV patients in the ICU. More RCTs are required before recommending routine use of ketamine in select populations.
Impingement in Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy Occurs Across a Larger Range of Ankle Angles and Is Associated With Increased Tendon Thickness
Authors: Aggouras Anthony N. , Chimenti Ruth L. , Samuel Flemister A. , Ketz John , Slane Laura C. , Buckley Mark R. , Richards Michael S. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) is characterized by tendon degeneration and thickening near the tendon-bone insertion.11 Calcaneal impingement is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of IAT.5 However, it is unclear how increased tendon thickness in individuals with IAT influences impingement. This study aimed to compare Achilles tendon impingement in individuals with and without IAT. Methods: Eight healthy adults and 12 adults with clinically diagnosed symptomatic IAT performed a passive flexion exercise during which ankle flexion angle, anterior-posterior (A-P) thickness, and an ultrasonographic image sequence of the Achilles tendon insertion were acquired. The angle of ankle plantarflexion at which the calcaneus first impinges the Achilles tendon, defined as the impingement onset angle, was identified by (1) a anonymized observer (visual inspection method) and (2) a computational image deformation-based approach (curvature method). Results: Although the 2 methods provided different impingement onset angles, the measurements were strongly correlated ( R2 = 0.751, P < .05). The impingement onset angle and the thickness of the Achilles tendon insertion were greater in subjects with clinically diagnosed IAT ( P = .0048, P = .0047). Furthermore, impingement onset angle proved to have a moderate correlation with anterior-posterior thickness ( R2 = 0.454, P < .05). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that increased tendon thickness in IAT patients is associated with larger impingement onset angles, raising the range of ankle angles over which the tendon is exposed to impingement. Clinical Relevance: Increased susceptibility to impingement may exacerbate or perpetuate the pathology, highlighting the need for clinical strategies to reduce impingement in IAT patients.
Oral oncolytic treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Harris Vincent , Borlagdan Jared , Muluneh Benyam 
Published: January 2022

Objective The objective of this article is to review the current supporting literature for the use of oral oncolytics in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, consideration for their use and management of adverse drug events that may limit use. Data Sources NCCN guidelines were utilized to determine available oral options for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A literature review was carried out through PubMed to find relevant clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy and safety of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors and PI3K-δ inhibitors. Medication package inserts and primary literature regarding toxicity were used to determine appropriate adverse drug event management. Data Summary A total of 7 clinical trials were found for the evaluation the efficacy and safety of burton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, 1 clinical trial for the BCL-1 inhibitor venetoclax and 4 trials were for PI3K-δ inhibitors. The data from these studies suggest that ibrutinib can be used first line in previously untreated patients and relapsed/refractory patients as well as acalabrutinib. The data also support the use of venetoclax, idelalisib, and duvelisib in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Conclusions The use of oral-only oncolytics could be a viable option for reducing the risk of infection due to limiting exposure to healthcare settings. Current literature suggests oral oncolytics may be an option, but there are several considerations to evaluate including medication adherence, drug-drug interactions, adverse events, and financial toxicity.
Complete response following treatment of plasma cell leukemia with venetoclax and dexamethasone: A case report
Authors: Vo Kim , Guan Tiffany , Banerjee Rahul , Lo Mimi , Young Rebecca , Shah Nina 
Published: January 2022

Introduction Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare but aggressive variant of multiple myeloma (MM) with a poor prognosis. Due to the limited number of prospective clinical trials studying PCL, treatment options are often extrapolated from data available for the treatment of MM. Venetoclax has recently demonstrated antimyeloma activity in patients with relapsed/refractory MM carrying the t(11;14) translocation. However, few cases have reported the analogous efficacy of venetoclax in PCL. Case Report A 64-year-old Caucasian male developed relapsed PCL despite treatment with hyperCD (hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone) and Dara-KRd (daratumumab, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone). Due to the refractory nature of his disease and the presence of a t(11:14) translocation, the patient was subsequently initiated on venetoclax 400 mg daily and dexamethasone 4 mg once weekly. Management and outcome The patient achieved a complete response by International Myeloma Working Group criteria three months after initiating venetoclax-dexamethasone, including a repeat bone marrow biopsy that showed no abnormal plasma cells. He successfully underwent consolidation with melphalan-based autologous stem cell transplantation. He remains disease-free 9 months after venetoclax initiation. Discussion Combination all-oral therapy with venetoclax and dexamethasone can induce deep hematologic responses in patients with relapsed/refractory PCL carrying the t(11;14) translocation.
New insights in pathogenic mechanism of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity through optical coherence tomography angiography analysis
Authors: Remolí Sargues Lidia , Monferrer Adsuara Clara , Castro Navarro Verónica , Hernández Garfella María Luisa , Hernández Bel Laura , Navarro Palop Catalina , Montero Hernández Javier , Cervera Taulet Enrique 
Published: January 2022

Introduction There is only a unique report with a small sample size studying hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinal toxicity with swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The aim of this study was to quantify OCTA quantitative parameters in patients who underwent HCQ therapy. Methods We conducted a retrospective study. The study included 43 eyes of 22 patients taking HCQ for more than 5 years (high-risk group), 57 eyes of 29 patients taking HCQ for 5 years or less (low-risk group) and 25 eyes of 50 age-matched healthy controls. OCTA quantitative parameters (vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area in superficial capillary plexus (SCP), middle capillary plexus (MCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), total capillary plexus (TCP), and choriocapillaris (CC)) were recorded. Results In the low-risk group, VD in the SCP and MCP was increased compared to control group ( p value <.05). In the high-risk group, VD in the SCP, MCP and TCP was increased ( p value <.05). The subgroup analysis revealed an increased VD at SCP in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) high-risk patients, an increased VD at TCP and CC in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) high-risk subjects, and a decreased VD at CC level in the high-risk group patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and connective tissue disease (CTD) ( p value <.05). Furthermore, we demonstrated a significant enlargement of FAZ area at MCP level in the high-risk group patients with SS and CTD ( p value <.05). Conclusion We demonstrated an increase of VD in patients who underwent HCQ treatment, so we suggest that HCQ retinal toxicity is not vascular mediated.
Point-of-care ultrasound-guided cannulation versus standard cannulation in hemodialysis vascular access: A controlled random order crossover pilot feasibility study
Authors: Schoch Monica , Bennett Paul N , Currey Judy , Smith Vicki , Orellana Liliana , Hutchinson Alison M 
Published: January 2022

Background: Standard cannulation practice for hemodialysis consists of inserting needles “blindly” through skin into an arteriovenous fistula (AVF), which is more likely to cause damage. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) guided cannulation has potential for less damage; however, efficacy of this technique has not been explored. Our purpose was to test the feasibility and effectiveness of POCUS guidance for cannulation of AVFs in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A random-order crossover research design was used; patients and nurses acted as their own control. Sample included 13 patients with functioning AVFs and 9 nurses, recruited from a single hemodialysis center. All nurses cannulated all patients using standard and POCUS-guided cannulation. Data were collected at each cannulation (time taken, nurse position, probe direction, pressures, patient satisfaction, pain scores). Ultrasound images of needle position were collected from which needle tip locations inside vessels were measured. Nurses were surveyed at three timepoints and were interviewed at conclusion of data collection. Analysis involved linear mixed-models for clinical data, descriptive statistics for binary and feasibility data, and content analysis for interview data. Results: Eleven patients and seven nurses completed. Protocol adherence was 94.4%. Two miscannulations occurred, both during standard cannulation. Cannulation time using POCUS guidance was significantly higher than standard cannulation ( p = 0.008, 95% CI 39–166). All other variables showed no statistically significant difference. Content analysis of interview data showed cultural shift toward use of POCUS; nurses gained confidence and become more proficient in their POCUS technique. Conclusions: Random-order crossover is a feasible design to measure differences in POCUS-guided and standard cannulation. It is also feasible to implement POCUS into hemodialysis centers and whilst POCUS guidance takes longer, nurses become more proficient, and confident with persistent use.
Cognate facilitation effect during auditory comprehension of a second language: A visual world eye-tracking study
Authors: Andras Filip , Rivera Marta , Bajo Teresa , Dussias Paola E , Paolieri Daniela 
Published: January 2022

Aims and Objectives: The cognate facilitation effect (CFE) is a robust effect in language production and visual word comprehension, but evidence for CFE during auditory comprehension is still scarce. This study aimed to explore the CFE during auditory comprehension of a second language (L2) while manipulating proficiency in the L2 and cognate type. These two variables are known to influence the CFE. Methodology: Low and highly proficient Spanish–English bilinguals listened to individual words in their L2, English, that shared high, low, and no phonological overlap (PO) with their native language Spanish. We designed a visual world paradigm task that consisted of selecting an image shown as a spoken word unfolded in time while eye movements were recorded. Data and Analysis: Response times revealed a clear CFE in low proficiency bilinguals, while this effect was absent in highly proficient bilinguals. The eye-tracking (ET) data showed late coactivation of low-PO words and, surprisingly, no coactivation of high-PO words in low proficiency bilinguals. Highly proficient bilinguals showed no clear pattern of language coactivation in the ET data. The English monolingual control group showed no effects during the critical time window. Conclusions: These results are interpreted within the framework of L2 processing models. At low levels of proficiency, the PO between translations facilitates access to meaning. On the other hand, highly proficient bilinguals no longer benefit from the PO between translations, at least for concrete and simple nouns. Originality: The findings demonstrate a clear CFE in auditory comprehension. Proficiency in L2 and PO modulated the effect, as shown in both the response time and in the ET data, respectively. Implications: These findings suggest that at low levels of L2 proficiency, learners more easily access the conceptual information if the auditory input is similar to their native language. Nevertheless, as proficiency increases, this facilitation disappears.
Adverbs in Spanish–English code-switching: Comparing verb raising and non-raising
Authors: Koronkiewicz Bryan 
Published: January 2022

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: Using generative syntactic theory regarding verb raising, predictions are made about adverb position in intra-sentential Spanish–English code-switching. Since both languages allow for non-raising, pre-verbal adverbs should be acceptably switched. However, since verb raising is only available in Spanish, post-verbal adverbs should only be allowed with a Spanish finite verb. Design/methodology/approach: Spanish–English early bilinguals ( n = 24) completed a written acceptability judgment task with a 7-point Likert-type scale. The Spanish–English code-switched sentences contained a finite verb switched with a post-verbal or pre-verbal adverb. In addition, comparison sets of monolingual equivalents were tested, targeting adverb order in Spanish and English. Data and analysis: A total of 192 judgments were included in the analysis, and z-scores of the mean ratings provided by the participants were calculated. After a descriptive analysis of the results compared language and adverb order, statistical analyses were conducted via analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Findings/conclusions: Participants showed a preference for non-raising in English, while they accepted both orders in Spanish, but only with adverbs of completion and manner. For code-switching, non-raising was always acceptable, but verb raising varied. The availability of switched non-raising directly follows from the literature. However, the language of the finite verb did not predict availability of verb raising in code-switching. The results suggest that the language of the adverb is crucial to the availability of switching, not solely the verb. Originality: The status of adverbs in code-switching has been left relatively unexplored. This study provides important details regarding adverb position both in mixed Spanish–English utterances and in monolingual contexts for this particular bilingual population. Significance/implications: These findings have a broader impact by providing data about adverb-position preferences in Spanish for a different community of speakers. In particular, it shows even more variability in the idiosyncratic behavior of different adverbs in Spanish.
Generational cohorts versus national origin: Explaining the educational attainment among children of Latin American immigrants in Spain
Authors: Fierro Jaime , Parella Sònia , Güell Berta , Petroff Alisa 
Published: January 2022

Over the last 25 years, Spain has experienced a significant increase of Latin American immigrants, which has raised questions about their children’s adaptation process. Yet, there is little evidence on the factors that explain school success or failure among this group. This paper aims to fill this gap by using data from the Longitudinal Study of the Second Generation in Spain (ILSEG is its Spanish acronym). The findings show that the children of Latin American immigrants are more likely to attain lower educational levels than the children of Spanish natives. However, concentrating on the national origin variable risks obscuring some underlying adaptive processes—associated with generational age cohorts—involved in differential educational outcomes among immigrant children. The data analyzed show that Latin American immigrant children born in Spain are likely to attain the same educational levels as their native Spanish peers. This finding highlights the importance of being raised in the host country in easing adaptation to the new society and the school system. The paper concludes with some policy suggestions in the field of education. Instead of treating all child migrants uniformly, public policies should address the specific needs of the target groups, emphasizing later arrivals.
Concurrent Validity of PROMIS With DASH and DVPRS in Transhumeral Amputees
Authors: Sabharwal Samir , Skolasky Richard L. , Souza Jason M. , Potter Benjamin K. , Forsberg Jonathan A. 
Published: January 2022

Background: We sought to assess whether select domains of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) significantly correlate with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score and the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS) among transhumeral amputees. Methods: We prospectively administered DASH, DVPRS, and PROMIS (including Upper Extremity, Pain Interference, and Pain Behavior domains) testing to patients presenting for consideration of osseointegration after transhumeral amputation. Concurrent validity was assessed via Pearson correlation testing. Results: The mean DASH score of the cohort was 32.8. The mean DVPRS score was 1.8. The mean PROMIS scores were 33.8, 50.5, and 50.6 for Upper Extremity, Pain Interference, and Pain Behavior domains, respectively. Pearson testing demonstrated a significant, inverse correlation between DASH and PROMIS Upper Extremity scores ( r = −0.85, P = .002). There was also significant correlation between DVPRS and PROMIS Pain Interference scores ( r = 0.69, P = .03). The PROMIS Pain Behavior domain did not significantly correlate with either DASH or DVPRS. Conclusions: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Upper Extremity and Pain Interference scores demonstrated significant concurrent validity with traditional measures (DASH and DVPRS) of patient-reported outcome in our population of transhumeral amputees.