bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exactly solvable 2D model for photon propagation in curved space: loss of interference and Bell inequality violation
Authors: Marzlin Karl-Peter , Kinach Michael P 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present an exact solution for the propagation of quantized massless scalar particles in a two-dimensional variation of the Alcubierre metric. Classical localized wavepacket solutions are derived using closed expressions for light-ray coordinates, and corresponding annihilation operators are constructed using the concept of locally positive and negative frequencies. The theory is used to describe the loss of fringe visibility in a single-photon interferometer, and the reduction of entanglement between two 2D photons, if one photon travels through a region with spacetime curvature. We derive an expansion of the field operator in terms of localized modes by means of an over-completeness relation. The quantization procedure also applies to massive and charged scalar fields in an n-dimensional globally hyperbolic spacetime.
An overview of SrRuO3-based heterostructures for spintronic and topological phenomena
Authors: Gu Youdi , Wang Qian , Hu Weijin , Liu Wei , Zhang Zhidong , Pan Feng , Song Cheng 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
SrRuO3 (SRO)-based heterostructures have attracted much attention for potential applications such as electrodes, oxide spintronics, topological electronics and electrocatalytic function mainly due to the strong spin–orbit coupling, itinerant ferromagnetism with 4d electrons, high metallic conductivity, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and rich oxygen octahedral distortion of SRO. Here, this work aims to offer a timely and systematic review on SRO-based heterostructures for its emerging opportunities in oxide spintronic and topological electronic applications. We first present a brief summary of the current status in SRO-based heterostructures and describe the motivations of this review. We then briefly review the surface and interface modulation in SRO-based heterostructures, including oxygen octahedral distortions (antiferrodistortive mode and ferroelectric mode) engineering and ion defect engineering. In the third part, we discuss the spin-charge interconversion phenomena in SRO-based heterostructures, covering the inverse spin Hall effect and current-induced spin-orbit torques. Particularly, in the fourth part, we discuss the emergent topological Hall effect and underlying mechanism in SRO-based heterostructures, including the two-channel anomalous Hall effect and Berry phase manipulation. The fifth part presents the magnetic Weyl fermions and its electric-field control of SRO films. We finally conclude with a discussion of challenges and prospects of SRO-based heterostructures, which provides a guidance for exploring novel physical properties and designing multifunctional devices based on SRO.
Activation energy, spatial confinement, and mean first passage and escape times of a tracer in a wormlike micellar fluid: an effective potential approach
Authors: Guerrero-García Guillermo Iván , Pérez-Guerrero Daniela , Sarmiento Gómez Erick 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Wormlike micelles are long semiflexible cylindrical polymer structures formed by amphiphiles. In solution, these linear micelles percolate in multiconected entangled networks, where cross-links can break and recombine dynamically. Technological applications of wormlike micellar fluids include tunable encapsulation/delivery of molecules or colloids in biomedicine, oil industry, and/or cleaning processes. In this work, we propose that the experimental activation energy, the spatial confinement, and the mean first passage and escape times of a spherical tracer immersed in wormlike micellar network, in which caging effects are observed, can be estimated from economic Brownian dynamics simulations of a single particle interacting with an effective one-dimensional cosine-like potential of amplitude U
0 and periodicity L. The proposed one-fitting parameter method has been used to characterize the long-time dynamics of wormlike micellar solutions formed by the self-assembly of a mixture of zwitterionic and anionic surfactants at several temperatures and different concentrations of surfactant and brine. The amplitude U
0 has displayed a good agreement regarding the corresponding experimental activation energy at different temperatures. The periodicity L has shown to be an upper bound of the mesh size ξ and of the same order of magnitude regarding the entanglement length l
e, obtained from rheology and microrheology experiments. The escape time of the tracer in the effective potential τ
escape and the time t*, at which a change of curvature in the mean square displacement occurs, are upper and lower limits, respectively, of the experimental relaxation time. Our method is simple and fast, and we foresee that it should be applicable to model the long-time behaviour of tracers in other polymer systems, in which caging effects are present.
Random-walk model of the sodium-glucose transporter SGLT2 with stochastic steps and inhibition
Authors: Barreto Yan B , Alencar Adriano M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Random-walk models are frequently used to model distinct natural phenomena such as diffusion processes, stock-market fluctuations, and biological systems. Here, we present a random-walk model to describe the dynamics of glucose uptake by the sodium-glucose transporter of type 2, SGLT2. Our starting point is the canonical alternating-access model, which suggests the existence of six states for the transport cycle. We propose the inclusion of two new states to this canonical model. The first state is added to implement the recent discovery that the Na+ ion can exit before the sugar is released into the proximal tubule epithelial cells. The resulting model is a seven-state mechanism with stochastic steps. Then we determined the transition probabilities between these seven states and used them to write a set of master equations to describe the time evolution of the system. We showed that our model converges to the expected equilibrium configuration and that the binding of Na+ and glucose to SGLT2 in the inward-facing conformation must be necessarily unordered. After that, we added another state to implement inhibition in the model. Our results reproduce the experimental dependence of glucose uptake on the inhibitor concentration and they reveal that the inhibitors act by decreasing the number of available SGLT2s, which increases the chances of glucose escaping reabsorption.
Enhancement of crack reconstruction through inversion of eddy current testing signals with a new crack model and a deterministic optimization method
Authors: Zhao Yingsong , Wei Guo , Han Jie , Cai Wenlu , Chen Hong-En , Chen Zhenmao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a new crack model to parameterize profile of a natural crack in order to improve the inversion precision of crack profile with eddy current testing (ECT) signals. In this novel crack model, the edge profile of a planar crack is parametrized with six feature parameters of three curves, i.e. two quarter-elliptic curves and a straight line. Compared with the conventional rectangular and semi-elliptical crack model, the new model gives better profile fitting of actual cracks such as a fatigue crack or a stress corrosion crack. In addition, the reconstruction procedure with the new crack model is more stable than using the arbitrary-shaped crack model outlined by a piecewise line as the unknown parameters to be reconstructed is significantly reduced. To apply the new crack model for crack inversion with the conventional conjugate gradient method, the formulae for calculating the gradient vector regarding to the feature parameters of the new crack model are deduced. To investigate the performance of the new model for crack sizing, cracks of different sizes and complex shapes were reconstructed using the new crack model and the fast forward ECT signal simulator using unflawed field database and the multimedia finite element scheme. Meanwhile, inverse analyses for sizing cracks of complicated shapes were also carried out based on ECT signals containing random noise to clarify the robustness of the new inversion scheme. The numerical results show that reconstructed crack parameters are identical with the true ones in acceptable accuracy, which proved the validity and efficiency of the new method.
A new discrete chaotic map application in image encryption algorithm
Authors: Yang Feifei , An Xinlei , xiong Li 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this work, a new discrete chaotic map is developed from the 1D ICMIC (Iterative Map with Infinite Collapses) to control the 2D Hénon map. The performances of the proposed discrete map are evaluated by using the phase diagram, Lyapunov exponent spectrum and complexity. It is found that the new chaotic map has larger value of complexity, and chaotic states are distributed in large parameter ranges. Thus the new chaotic map has better chaotic features and randomness, it is especially suitable for the chaotic secure communication. Then an image encryption algorithm is proposed based on the new chaotic map. In this algorithm, the sequences generated by the new chaotic map are used for pixel position scrambling and pixel value diffusion operations. The security features of the designed encryption scheme are evaluated by common attacks methods. The results confirmed that the proposed algorithm is effective to improve the security in image encryption.
The study on the influence of utilizing n-butanol at fuelling spark ignition engines
Authors: Sandu Cristian , Pană Constantin , Negurescu Niculae , Cernat Alexandru , Nuţu Cristian , Georgescu Rareş 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The ever-increasing emissions restrictions on internal combustion engines have led researchers into the study of alternative fuels solutions. As hybrid and electric vehicles started becoming more and more present in the markets worldwide, the popularity of conventional internal combustion engines started to decrease (we see this especially with diesel fueled engines). For spark ignition engines, alcohols and gasoline-blended mixes have proven to be an attractive solution in the last years. Out of these alcohols, we mention ethanol, methanol and butanol. Butanol is a promising solution because of its high oxygen content with the possibility of improving the combustion process and thus even reducing emissions. Butanol also has a high combustion speed and can potentially reduce the combustion duration while improving the overall thermal efficiency. High miscibility is another important aspect of butanol, allowing a higher percentage volume of butanol to be mixed with gasoline. The additional oxygen content may also improve combustion stability thus reducing cyclic variability. The objective of this study is to determine what is the impact of fueling a spark ignition engine with a blend of 10% vol. n-butanol and 90% vol. gasoline. The study will look at combustion stability, variability, thermal efficiency and emissions. A baseline was established at fueling the engine with pure gasoline at an engine speed of 2500 min−1 and an engine load of 55%. After the baseline, the same measurements were done at fueling with a blended mix of n-butanol and gasoline.
Study regarding the influence of geometrical characteristics of the distribution system on truck engines efficiency parameters
Authors: Barothi L , Stoica R M , Voicu D , Vilau R , Deleanu L 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The present paper aims to analyze the influence of certain parameters specific to the distribution systems on a truck engine performance. The research is focused on how the change in the shape of lobes of a camshaft can influence the vehicle functional parameters. It was considered a non-variable fuel distribution system which represents by itself the controlling part, needed to move the poppet valves in order to ensure engine operating cycles. There have been compared results obtained in the case of different profiles of lobes, taking into account the accelerations during movements, in order to obtain minimum inertia of the distribution system components. By increasing the total height of the lobes, it was observed an increase in engine power and torque. Also, the intake air efficiency was improved by approximately 4%. Furthermore, engine fuel consumption reached higher levels in the case of the modified camshaft, in order to increase engine power.
Electric transmission for hybrid vehicle
Authors: Petrov O I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A technical solution is proposed for the electrical transmission of the torque of the internal combustion engine to the wheels (propeller) of a hybrid vehicle to set it in motion. The purpose of the technical solution is to reduce energy losses in the electrical power transmission device and reduce the cost of its implementation. The expected economic effect in the implementation of the proposed technical solution consists of a reduction in power losses during electric power transmission up to 10% of the engine power, and the cost of its implementation will reduce the cost of the vehicle by up to € 2 000. The proposed device is technically feasible using commercially available devices and can be used in the automotive industry, while being able to recoup the costs of implementation, that is, it meets the criterion “industrially applicable”.
Experimental test bench with diesel engine for the study of multi fuels usage
Authors: Izvorean S , Stoica V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The diesel engine has entered a shadow cone because of emissions of nitrogen oxides and particles. However, the engine offers superior torque and power and low consumption, therefore research is needed to obtain an engine with diesel performance and spark ignition engine emissions. In this paper, we will present an experimental stand with D115 diesel engine with a common rail injection system equipped in parallel with a single point injection system in the intake manifold. The purpose of the dual supply is to obtain a homogeneous combustible air mixture in the combustion chamber with a coefficient of excess air below the detonation limit and which can be ignited by pilot injection of diesel.
The experimental test bench is presented in detail regarding both the hardware and the software part (developed in the laboratory) together with the calibration curves of the force and temperature sensors
In this paper, in order to highlight the performance of the stand, standard experimental results described in the literature will be presented.
Although there is a wide range of experimental tests in the field of internal combustion engines from the additional injection of water, alcohol, bioethanol and so on, this paper aims to provide additional data in order to understand the phenomena of combustion and pollutant emissions. By injecting alcohol into the intake manifold of the diesel engine, the aim is to ensure a poor but homogeneous mixture of fuel in the combustion chamber, which will lead to a reduction of polluting emissions while maintaining the performance of the diesel engine. It also shows the conversion of the fuel supply system of the engine, of Romanian production D115, from a classic injection system to one with a common rail. In addition to the mechanical part, the algorithms developed for engine and stand control are presented.
By the presented stand and preliminary experimental results, we show the potential of the developed experimental test bench.
Effectiveness of the measures for CO2 emission reduction in real world
Authors: Constantin C , Băţăus M , Renţea C , Frăţilă G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To reduce the CO2 emission level for the new Corporate Average Fuel Economy regulations, a series of measures are implemented by the manufacturers. Besides the use of hybrid and electric vehicles, efficiencies packages are frequently applied to improve the CO2 emissions of conventional vehicles. Some examples of CO2 reduction measures are: Start&Stop system, eco tires, powertrain thermal management and aerodynamic kits. Usually, they are optimized for the WLTC (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle). The aim of this paper is to assess the influence of these packages in real-world driving cycles. The study is done by means of modelling and simulation, using an industrial modelling and simulation environment (LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim). Two passenger cars from different classes, a compact type and a SUV are used.
Evaluation of temperature sensors used in automotive applications type NTC and PTC
Authors: Tutunea Dragos , Ilie Dumitru , Racila Laurentiu , Otat Oana , Geonea Ionut 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The coolant temperature sensor is an important tool for measuring the temperature of the engine improving performance and life time. Using this information’s the engine control module control different parameters achieving optimal engine control. Thermistor-based temperature sensors have been the choice for a variety of automotive applications enhancing the performance of car systems. In this paper, an experimental stand was designed and realized in the laboratory to evaluate the accuracy of two thermistors NTC and PTC used to measure the engine coolant temperature. Based on the variation of the temperature characteristics curves function of resistance will be determined.
Improving road traffic by rerouting flows based on various regulation scenarios analysis
Authors: Boroiu A A , Neagu E , Boroiu A , Vieru I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
One of the major road traffic problems in Pitesti is manifested in the roundabout at Podul Viilor, which, although occupying a fairly generous space, has a very low level of service during peak hours, due to difficult access from one of the arms. The research, based on traffic measurements performed with DataFromSky software and micro-simulation traffic analyses performed with Vissim PTV software, indicated as the only solution the redirection of road flows from the intersection, which required traffic analysis for a larger area. The results obtained for the proposed scenarios - by estimating the degree of road congestion not only in the respective intersection, but also in the adjacent intersections, through which some road flows are reoriented - indicate that in this way a substantial improvement of the road traffic can be obtained for the intersection of Podul Viilor, without significantly affecting the traffic in the adjacent area. Thus, it is found that the service level of an intersection can be increased not necessarily through new road arrangements, but only through better regulation of road traffic in the area, based on the analysis of various scenarios using measurement software and traffic modelling.
Blockchain-based solutions for smart mobility sustainability assurance
Authors: Dungan Luisa , Pop Mădălin-Dorin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Smart mobility represents the future for many of today’s cities and is part of the smart city concept. Besides all its characteristics, the smart city concept aims to use the IoT (Internet of Things) technology to improve the citizens quality of life through a secure and efficient administration of city resources. The exponential growth of population and urbanization creates many challenges, especially from a mobility perspective. The main challenge in this direction is to ensure a sustainable transportation system. The objective of this paper is to present a survey on the sustainability assurance for smart mobility systems by using the blockchain technology. Moreover, this study proposes a conceptual model for a sustainable smart mobility system that implies the usage of blockchain technology. Widely known through its connection with bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, blockchain can serve the safety and security requirements that are specific to intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The main advantage of this technology is the capability to face against several security threats by storing securely the information. This approach will streamline and secure the sensors networks data handling by the TMCs (Traffic Monitoring Centers). The process of these data handling is challenging because of possible exposure to cyber-attacks that can lead for example to erroneous traffic lights phases and green-interval settings in crossroads. The conclusions will be issued based on a comparison with the current IoT approaches for ensuring the secure storage of traffic data retrieved from sensors networks.
Traffic analysis for the reconstruction of the street geometries in the case of the construction of shopping centre in crowded cities
Authors: Lucian Matei , Ilie Dumitru , Laurentiu Racila , Dragos Tutunea , Alexandru Oprica 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The road network in many of the developing cities has remained at a level that allows low-level transport logistics. In this context, and due to the elements of urban development that are currently applied, changes are needed in the road network to meet new road traffic requirements as well as to provide increased road safety. This paper aims to analyse the traffic capacity of the current street network in relation to the introduction of a mall in the study area.
Scalable production of single 2D van der Waals layers through atomic layer deposition: bilayer silica on metal foils and films
Authors: Hutchings Gregory S , Shen Xin , Zhou Chao , Dementyev Petr , Naberezhnyi Daniil , Ennen Inga , Hütten Andreas , Doudin Nassar , Hsu Jesse H , Fishman Zachary S , Schwarz Udo D , Hu Shu , Altman Eric I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The self-limiting nature of atomic layer deposition (ALD) makes it an appealing option for growing single layers of two-dimensional van der Waals (2D-VDW) materials. In this paper it is demonstrated that a single layer of a 2D-VDW form of SiO2 can be grown by ALD on Au and Pd polycrystalline foils and epitaxial films. The silica was deposited by two cycles of bis(diethylamino) silane and oxygen plasma exposure at 525 K. Initial deposition produced a three-dimensionally disordered silica layer; however, subsequent annealing above 950 K drove a structural rearrangement resulting in 2D-VDW. The annealing could be performed at ambient pressure. Surface spectra recorded after annealing indicated that the two ALD cycles yielded close to the silica coverage obtained for 2D-VDW silica prepared by precision SiO deposition in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). Analysis of ALD-grown 2D-VDW silica on a Pd(111) film revealed the co-existence of amorphous and incommensurate crystalline 2D phases. In contrast, ALD growth on Au(111) films produced predominantly the amorphous phase while SiO deposition in UHV led to only the crystalline phase, suggesting that the choice of Si source can enable phase control.
Dielectric permittivity, conductivity and breakdown field of hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Pierret A , Mele D , Graef H , Palomo J , Taniguchi T , Watanabe K , Li Y , Toury B , Journet C , Steyer P , Garnier V , Loiseau A , Berroir J-M , Bocquillon E , Fève G , Voisin C , Baudin E , Rosticher M , Plaçais B 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In view of the extensive use of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) in 2D material electronics, it becomes important to refine its dielectric characterization in terms of low-field permittivity and high-field strength and conductivity up to the breakdown voltage. The present study aims at filling this gap using DC and RF transport in two Au-hBN-Au capacitor series of variable thickness in the 10–100 nm range, made of large high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) crystals and a polymer derivative ceramics (PDC) crystals. We deduce an out-of-plane low field dielectric constant ϵ
∥ = 3.4 ± 0.2 consistent with the theoretical prediction of Ohba et al, that narrows down the generally accepted window ϵ
∥ = 3–4. The DC-current leakage at high-field is found to obey the Frenkel-Pool law for thermally-activated trap-assisted electron transport with a dynamic dielectric constant ϵ
∥ ≃ 3.1 and a trap energy Φ
B
≃ 1.3 eV, that is comparable with standard technologically relevant dielectrics.