bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation and reversibility of inducible morphological and behavioral defenses in Daphnia magna
Authors: Wang Zihang , Yu Bo , Lei Yulu , Sun Yunfei , Zhang Lu , Gu Lei , Yang Zhou 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Inducible defense is an effective way for prey to improve its fitness under fluctuating predation risks. While the formation and reversibility of diverse inducible defensive traits are still not fully understood. This study focused on the inducible morphological and behavioral traits of Daphnia magna in the process of predator come and go, which were simulated by adding and removing fish kairomone, respectively. Results showed that D. magna exposed to fish kairomone inhabited deeper water and owned smaller individual size. The adult D. magna exposed to fish kairomone could develop the same inducible defensive traits as the individuals exposed to fish kairomone from neonate. In terms of the complete formation time, behavior (6 days) was faster than morphology (17 days). Besides, by removing kairomone after maturity, the inducible defensive traits of D. magna could reverse to the traits of the individuals never exposed to fish kairomone. In terms of the reversal time, behavior (18 days) was similar to morphology (21 days). Furthermore, the reversal degrees of morphological and behavioral defenses were equal at any specific time point. Such results suggest that inducible behavioral defensive traits are not always more reversible than inducible morphological defensive traits.
Linked brain connectivity patterns with psychopathological and cognitive phenotypes in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Sun Hui , Zhang Wenjing , Cao Hengyi , Sun Huaiqiang , Dai Jing , Li Siyi , Zeng Jiaxin , Wei Xia , Tang Biqiu , Gong Qiyong , Lui Su 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Schizophrenia is considered to be a disorder of dysconnectivity characterized by abnormal functional integration between distinct brain regions. Different brain connection abnormalities were found to be correlated with various clinical manifestations, but whether a common deficit in functional connectivity (FC) in relation to both clinical symptoms and cognitive impairments could present in first-episode patients who have never received any medication remains elusive.

Objective
To find a core deficit in the brain connectome that is related to both psychopathological and cognitive manifestations.

Methods
A total of 75 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 51 healthy control participants underwent scanning of the brain and clinical ratings of behaviors. A principal component analysis was performed on the clinical ratings of symptom and cognition. Partial correlation analyses were conducted between the main psychopathological components and resting-state FC that were found abnormal in schizophrenia patients.

Results
Using the principal component analysis, the first principal component (PC1) explained 37% of the total variance of seven clinical features. The ratings of GAF and BACS contributed negatively to PC1, while those of PANSS, HAMD, and HAMA contributed positively. The FCs positively correlated with PC1 mainly included connections related to the insula, precuneus gyrus, and some frontal brain regions. FCs negatively correlated with PC1 mainly included connections between the left middle cingulate cortex and superior and middle occipital regions.

Conclusion
In conclusion, we found a linked pattern of FC associated with both psychopathological and cognitive manifestations in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia characterized as the dysconnection related to the frontal and visual cortex, which may represent a core deficit of brain FC in patients with schizophrenia.
The Structure of Weight and Function Classes With Coprime Bases
Authors: Anderson Theresa C , Travesset Chiara , Veltri Joey 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In a recent work of Anderson and Hu, the authors constructed a measure that was p-adic and q-adic doubling, for any primes p and q, yet not doubling. This work relied heavily on a developed number theory framework. Here we develop this framework further, which yields a measure that is m-adic and n-adic doubling for any coprime $m,n$, yet not doubling. Additionally, we show several new applications to the intersection of weight and function classes.
PARADOXICAL DUAL ROLES OF SOME CYTOKINES INTERPRETED BY CYTOGENETICS INVESTIGATIONS IN IRRADIATED HUMAN BLOOD CULTURES
Authors: Montaser Sherien A , Ahmed Mahmoud M , Mohammed Manal R 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Four different cytokines (IL1-β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay investigations were evaluated in six human blood samples. They were divided into the control (nonirradiated) and five gamma-irradiated groups which were exposed to five different doses (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 Gy). Blood groups were cultured in triplets for 72 h following 1 h of irradiation. Immunological and cytogenetics were investigated parallelly at different irradiation doses to understand the connection between them. Our aim is anchoring the active proliferation action of cytokines by presence of binucleated cells and resting immune system by mononuclear cell. Also, cell death by increasing necrotic cell count and TNF-α concentration. When compared with the control group, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 Gy irradiation groups recorded a gradual increase in the cytokines levels, an increase in the total micronucleated cells (binucleated and mononucleated cells), an increase in necrotic and apoptotic cells counts. While 8 Gy irradiation leads to depletion in TNF-α concentration, although the number of necrotic cells was high.
Opposition Avoidance or Mutual Engagement? The Interdependent Dynamics between Opposing Transnational LGBT+ Networks
Authors: Velasco Kristopher 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEmbeddedness within transnational networks influences how countries govern LGBT+ communities. Research commonly highlights how pro-LGBT+ networks enable the expansion of rights; however, increased transnational coordination between anti-LGBT+ actors means network embeddedness also leads to policy backlash. Therefore, an important question to ask is: why are countries differentially embedded within these opposing networks to begin with? Moreover, does embeddedness in one network influence embeddedness in the other over time? To answer these questions, I develop original datasets of transnational pro- and anti-LGBT+ networks from 1990 to 2018. Using cross-lagged and dynamic panel models, results reveal that there is indeed an interdependent relationship where opposing networks mutually engage, or “follow,” one another; however, these patterns vary across region. These results give insights into how countries exist in tension between these opposing networks and can help illuminate where expansion and backlash may transpire. While focused on LGBT+ networks, these findings give insights into tensions over (il)liberalism and gender justice occurring within the international community.
Effects of calcium-magnesium carbonate and calcium-magnesium hydroxide as supplemental sources of magnesium on ruminal microbiome
Authors: Arce-Cordero Jose A , Liu Ting , Ravelo Anay , Lobo Richard R , Agustinho Bruna C , Monteiro Hugo F , Jeong Kwang C , Faciola Antonio P 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the inclusion of calcium-magnesium carbonate [CaMg(CO3)2] and calcium-magnesium hydroxide [CaMg(OH)4] in corn silage-based diets and their impact on ruminal microbiome. Our previous work showed a lower pH and molar proportion of butyrate from diets supplemented with [CaMg(CO3)2] compared to [CaMg(OH)4]; therefore, we hypothesized that ruminal microbiome would be affected by Mg source. Four continuous culture fermenters were arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square with the following treatments defined by the supplemental source of Mg: 1) Control (100% MgO, plus sodium sesquicarbonate as a buffer); 2) CO3 [100% CaMg(CO3)2]; 3) OH [100% CaMg(OH)4]; and 4) CO3/OH [50% Mg from CaMg(CO3)2, 50% Mg from CaMg(OH)4]. Diet nutrient concentration was held constant across treatments (16% CP, 30% NDF, 1.66 MCal NEl/kg, 0.67% Ca, and 0.25% Mg). We conducted four fermentation periods of 10 d, with the last 3 d for collection of samples of solid and liquid digesta effluents for DNA extraction. Overall, 16 solid and 16 liquid samples were analyzed by amplification of the V4 variable region of bacterial 16S rRNA. Data were analyzed with R and SAS to determine treatment effects on taxa relative abundance of liquid and solid fractions. Correlation of butyrate molar proportion with taxa relative abundance was also analyzed. Treatments did not affect alpha and beta diversities or relative abundance of phylum, class and order in either liquid or solid fractions. At the family level, relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae in solid fraction was lower for CO3 and CO3/OH compared to OH and Control (P &lt; 0.01). For genera, abundance of Butyrivibrio (P = 0.01) and Lachnospiraceae ND3007 (P &lt; 0.01) (both from Lachnospiraceae family) was lower and unclassified Ruminococcaceae (P = 0.03) was greater in CO3 than Control and OH in solid fraction; while abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrio (P = 0.10) and Lachnospiraceae FD2005 (P = 0.09) (both from Lachnospiraceae family) and Ruminobacter (P = 0.09) tended to decrease in CO3 compared to Control in liquid fraction. Butyrate molar proportion was negatively correlated to Ruminococcaceae (r = –0.55) in solid fraction and positively correlated to Pseudobutyrivibrio (r = 0.61) and Lachnospiraceae FD2005 (r = 0.61) in liquid. Our results indicate that source of Mg has an impact on bacterial taxa associated with ruminal butyrate synthesis, which is important for epithelial health and fatty acid synthesis.
Etiology, Pathophysiology and Mortality of Shock in Children in Low (Middle) Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Assies Roxanne , Snik Ilse , Kumwenda Mercy , Chimalizeni Yamikani , Langton Josephine , van Woensel Job B M , Doctor Allan , Calis Job C J 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectivesShock is a life-threatening condition in children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), with several controversies. This systematic review summarizes the etiology, pathophysiology and mortality of shock in children in LMIC.MethodsWe searched for studies reporting on children with shock in LMIC in PubMed, Embase and through snowballing (up to 1 October 2019). Studies conducted in LMIC that reported on shock in children (1 month–18 years) were included. We excluded studies only containing data on neonates, cardiac surgery patients or iatrogenic causes. We presented prevalence data, pooled mortality estimates and conducted subgroup analyses per definition, region and disease. Etiology and pathophysiology data were systematically collected.ResultsWe identified 959 studies and included 59 studies of which six primarily studied shock. Definitions used for shock were classified into five groups. Prevalence of shock ranged from 1.5% in a pediatric hospital population to 44.3% in critically ill children. Pooled mortality estimates ranged between 3.9-33.3% for the five definition groups. Important etiologies included gastroenteritis, sepsis, malaria and severe anemia, which often coincided. The pathophysiology was poorly studied but suggests that in addition to hypovolemia, dissociative and cardiogenic shock are common in LMIC.ConclusionsShock is associated with high mortality in hospitalized children in LMIC. Despite the importance few studies investigated shock and as a consequence limited data on etiology and pathophysiology of shock is available. A uniform bedside definition may help boost future studies unravelling shock etiology and pathophysiology in LMIC.
Telemedicine Visits Can Generate Highly Accurate Diagnoses and Surgical Plans for Spine Patients
Authors: Bovonratwet Patawut , Song Junho , Kim Yeo Eun , Shinn Daniel , Morse Kyle W. , Dowdell James E. , Huang Russel C. , Albert Todd J. , Sandhu Harvinder S. , Qureshi Sheeraz A. , Iyer Sravisht 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
A Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
To (1) assess whether diagnoses and surgical plans established during a new patient telemedicine visit changed following an in-person evaluation and (2) determine any differences in perioperative outcomes between patients who only had a telemedicine visit before surgery versus those who had a telemedicine visit followed by an in-person evaluation before surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Data on capability of telemedicine to deliver high-quality preoperative assessment without a traditional in-person interaction and physical examination is lacking.

Materials and Methods.
Records of patients who had a new patient telemedicine visit and indicated for surgery with documented specific diagnosis as well as surgical plans from a spine department at an urban tertiary center from April 2020 to April 2021 were reviewed. For a subset of patients that had a follow-up in-person evaluation before surgery, these diagnoses and plans were compared. Perioperative outcomes were compared between patients who only had a telemedicine visit before surgery versus those who had a telemedicine visit followed by an in-person evaluation before surgery.

Results.
A total of 166 patients were included. Of these, 101 patients (61%) only had a new patient telemedicine visit before surgery while 65 (39%) had a telemedicine visit followed by an in-person evaluation. There were no differences in the rate of case cancellations before surgery and patient-reported outcome measures between these two groups (P>0.05). Of 65 patients who had both a telemedicine followed by an in-person visit, the diagnosis was unchanged for 61 patients (94%) and the surgical plan did not change for 52 patients (80%). The main reason for surgical plan change was due to updated findings on new imaging, 10 patients, (77%).

Conclusions.
The current study suggests that telemedicine evaluations can provide an effective means of preoperative assessment for spine patients.

Level of Evidence.
Level 3.
Cervical Spine Research Society-Cervical Stiffness Disability Index (CSRS-CSDI): Validation of a Novel Scoring System Quantifying the Effect of Postarthrodesis Cervical Stiffness on Patient Quality of Life
Authors: Jack Andrew S. , Hayman Erik , Pierre Clifford , Ramey Wyatt L. , Witiw Christopher D. , Oskouian Rod J. , Daniels Alan H. , Pugley Andrew , Hamilton Kojo , Ames Christopher P. , Chapman Jens R. , Ghogawala Zoher , Hart Robert A. 
Published: July 2022

Study Design.
Cross-sectional study.

Objective.
The aim was to create and validate a novel patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) focusing on stiffness-related patient functional limitations after cervical spine fusion.

Summary of Background Data.
Cervical arthrodesis is a common treatment for myelopathy/radiculopathy, however, results in increased neck stiffness as a collateral outcome. No current PROM exists quantifying the impact of postoperative stiffness on patient function.

Methods.
The Cervical Spine Research Society-Cervical Stiffness Disability Index (CSRS-CSDI) was created through a modified Delphi process. The resultant 10-item questionnaire yields a score out of 100 with higher scores indicating increased functional difficulty related to neck stiffness. Cross-sectional study of control and postoperative patients was completed for CSRS-CSDI validation. Retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient), internal consistency (Cronbach alpha), responsiveness (levels fused vs. CSRS-CSDI scores), and discriminatory validation (CSRS-CSDI vs. neck disability index) scores) were completed.

Results.
Fifty-seven surgical and 24 control patients completed the questionnaire. Surgical patients underwent a variety of procedures: 11 (19%) motion preserving operations, nine (16%) subaxial 1–2 level fusions, seven (12%) subaxial 3–5 level fusions, five (9%) C1-subaxial cervical spine fusions, 20 (35%) C2-upper thoracic spine fusions, five (9%) occiput-subaxial or thoracic spine fusions. The questionnaire demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha=0.92) and retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.95, P<0.001). Good responsiveness validity with a significant difference between fusion cohorts was found (P<0.001, r
s=0.63). Patient CSRS-CSDI scores also correlated with neck disability index scores recorded (P<0.001, r=0.70).

Conclusion.
This is the first study to create a PROM addressing the functional impact of cervical stiffness following surgical arthrodesis. The CSRS-CSDI was a reliable and valid measure of postoperative stiffness impact on patient function. This may prove useful in counseling patients regarding their expected outcomes with further investigation demonstrating its value in a prospective fashion.
Nuances of Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
Authors: Church James 
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:
Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis are sometimes treated with prophylactic or therapeutic proctocolectomy to either prevent or treat the almost inevitable colorectal cancer that develops in the numerous, early onset tubular adenomas to which they are prone. These patients are potential candidates for a restorative IPAA.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to highlight the particular nuances of ileal pouch-anal surgery faced by patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and point out the implications of the syndrome for patients who are candidates for an IPAA and the surgeons operating on them.

STUDY SELECTION:
A literature search was performed on PubMed and MEDLINE using the terms “ulcerative colitis,” “familial adenomatous polyposis,” “surgery,” and “ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.”

CONCLUSIONS:
As a result of a fundamental difference in pathophysiology, there are significant differences in demographics, presentation, surgical strategy, and sequelae of proctocolectomy and IPAA between familial adenomatous polyposis and ulcerative colitis. Proctocolectomy with IPAA in selected familial adenomatous polyposis patients can be performed in 1 stage, but their lack of symptoms means that any complications assume a greater significance. In polyposis patients, postoperative endoscopic surveillance of residual large intestine begins immediately, whereas surveillance of the pouch itself becomes increasingly important. Symptoms leading to a diagnosis of pouchitis are instead often due to structural and functional issues.
Novel Technique for Obtaining Aesthetic Results in Multiple Lipomatosis Surgery
Authors: Ramasamy Karthik , Jesudass Joyce , Appaka C. V. Jagadish Kiran , Tripathee Sanjib , Sivanesan Surya 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Multiple lipomatosis is often perceived as a cosmetically disfiguring condition‚ and therefore‚ patients seek treatment. Multiple lipomas are commonly treated with excision or liposuction or a combination of both. To obtain a better aesthetic result, various modifications of the above have been tried, like using remote small incision, squeeze delivery technique‚ and endoscopic-assisted removal. We have used a combination of the above techniques, with the aim of removing the maximum number of lipomas with fewer and smaller incisions. The ultimate outcome is that the patient has a less scarred body.

Methods:
This is a nonrandomized uncontrolled case series, conducted over 3 years from 2018 to 2021. It included all patients with visible multiple lipomas over upper limbs, lower limbs, chest, abdomen, and back. A total of 30 patients were operated on. The technique used in all patients was liposuction, limited incisions, tunneling, and squeezing out the lipomas. The patients were regularly followed up for 6 months.

Result:
Lipomas of various sizes were removed by the above mentioned technique. Early postoperative period bruising was noted in seven cases which needed no intervention. Two patients had hematoma collection and one seroma, which was managed with aspiration. Among the 30 patients, 90% were pleased with the cosmetic result‚ and recurrence was seen in five cases.

Conclusions:
Our modified technique of treating multiple lipomatosis gives a good aesthetic result and high patient satisfaction for a short-term study. However, comparable and long-term studies need to be performed for more conclusive results.
Irregularly Irregular Stellate Incisions for Selective Reduction of Benign Facial Lesions
Authors: Teplica David , Cooney Emmett , Srock Jamey , Sayers Michael 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Cosmetic outcomes are among patients’ top concerns when discussing treatment options for facial nevi. Benign lesions of the face often enlarge with time, and many patients seek care to minimize the perceived deformity. Complete excision remains the frontline treatment for facial lesions, but a choice must be made between the deformity from the lesion itself and scar deformity incurred from its removal. Traditional elliptical excision results in a linear scar that is often conspicuous, while alternatives to surgical excision seek to minimize scarring but possess their own disadvantages. We report a new application for nevus reduction (subtotal or near-total excision) to diminish deformity from the lesion itself while minimizing scar visibility with a novel “irregularly irregular stellate incision” approach.

Methods:
Incisions are made in a stellate pattern with irregularly irregular borders circumscribed within the lesion. Therefore, the scar is restricted to the lesion surface, while a reduction in area and projection off the skin surface can be tailored to fit the patient’s wishes for any benign skin feature.

Results:
This technique has been employed with hundreds of facial lesions, with two representative cases shown. No significant complications have been observed and the method has been used on a wide variety of sizes and types of lesions.

Conclusions:
The technique presented meets the need for minimal scarring when reducing benign lesions of the face. The method is applicable to a wide range of presentations and can also function as a method to biopsy lesions, should there be concerns about pathology.
Discordant Congenital Toxoplasmosis and Cytomegalovirus Infection in Dichorionic Diamniotic Twins
Authors: Wade Joshua , Johnson Sarah May , Burkhardt Ingrid , Egloff Alexia , Thomas Jessica , Guy Edward , Demirjian Alicia 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus (CMV) congenital infection present with similar clinical pictures. Both infections have long-term sequelae that can be mitigated by early detection and treatment. Coinfection is uncommonly reported.

Methods:
Dichorionic diamniotic twins born at 35 weeks of gestation were investigated for congenital infections due to abnormalities on the antenatal scan at 31 weeks of gestation. Antenatal investigations were delayed due to late booking and delay in maternal investigations. In the neonatal period, they suffered discordant symptoms and were both investigated for Toxoplasma gondii infection. This diagnosis was confirmed in twin 2 but proved difficult in twin 1 who had a weakly positive polymerase chain reaction with inconclusive serology. Twin 1 was also diagnosed with congenital CMV, further complicating the clinical picture. Toxoplasmosis can cause long-term sequelae, and definitive diagnosis requires serology at 12 months of age; in view of this, treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis was initiated in both twins. Twin 1 was also treated for congenital CMV.

Results:
Due to limitations in serological investigations in neonates, diagnosing congenital toxoplasmosis can be challenging, and initiating treatment may be warranted in suspected cases, given the risk of infective complications. Discordant presentations between twins are known in congenital toxoplasmosis and CMV, but coinfection has rarely been reported without concurrent immunocompromise. A high index of suspicion should be maintained in the twin of an infected neonate, and the possibility of multiple infections should be considered. Multidisciplinary working is crucial in reaching a diagnosis and treating appropriately.