bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival Across Emergency Medical Service Agencies
Authors: Garcia Raul A. , Girotra Saket , Jones Philip G. , McNally Bryan , Spertus John A. , Chan Paul S. ,   on behalf of the CARES Surveillance Group
Published: June 2022

Background:
Although studies have reported variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival by geographic location, little is known about variation in OHCA survival at the level of emergency medical service (EMS) agencies—which may have modifiable practices, unlike counties and regions. We quantified the variation in OHCA survival across EMS agencies and explored whether variation in 2 specific EMS resuscitation practices were associated with survival to hospital admission.

Methods:

Within the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival, a prospective registry representing ≈51% of the US population, we identified 258 342 OHCAs from 764 EMS agencies with
>
10 OHCA cases annually during 2015 to 2019. Using hierarchical logistic regression, risk-standardized rates of survival to hospital admission were computed for each EMS agency. We quantified inter-agency variation in survival with median odds ratios and assessed the association of 2 resuscitation practices (EMS response time and the proportion of OHCAs with termination of resuscitation without meeting futility criteria) with EMS agency survival rates to hospital admission.

Results:

Across 764 EMS agencies comprising 258 342 OHCAs, the median risk-standardized rate of survival to hospital admission was 27.3% (interquartile range, 24.5%–30.1%; range: 16.0%–45.6%). The adjusted median odds ratio was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.32–1.39), denoting that the odds of survival of 2 patients with identical covariates varied by 35% at 2 randomly selected EMS agencies. EMS agencies in the lowest quartile of risk-standardized survival had longer EMS response times when compared with the highest quartile (12.0±3.4 versus 9.0±2.6 minutes;
P
<0.001), and a higher proportion of OHCAs with termination of resuscitation without meeting futility criteria (27.9±16.1% versus 18.9±11.4%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
Survival after OHCA varies widely across EMS agencies. EMS response times and termination of resuscitation practices were associated with agency-level rates of survival to hospital admission, suggesting potentially modifiable practices which can improve OHCA survival.
Systematic Review of Cerebral Phenotypes Associated With Monogenic Cerebral Small‐Vessel Disease
Authors: Whittaker Ed , Thrippleton Sophie , Chong Liza Y. W. , Collins Victoria G. , Ferguson Amy C. , Henshall David E. , Lancastle Emily , Wilkinson Tim , Wilson Blair , Wilson Kirsty , Sudlow Cathie , Wardlaw Joanna , Rannikmäe Kristiina 
Published: June 2022

Background

Cerebral small‐vessel disease (cSVD) is an important cause of stroke and vascular dementia. Most cases are multifactorial, but an emerging minority have a monogenic cause. While
NOTCH3
is the best‐known gene, several others have been reported. We aimed to summarize the cerebral phenotypes associated with these more recent cSVD genes.

Methods and Results

We performed a systematic review (PROSPERO [International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews]: CRD42020196720), searching Medline/Embase (conception to July 2020) for any language publications describing
COL4A1/2
,
TREX1
,
HTRA1
,
ADA2
, or
CTSA
pathogenic variant carriers. We extracted data about individuals’ characteristics and clinical and vascular radiological cerebral phenotypes. We summarized phenotype frequencies per gene, comparing patterns across genes. We screened 6485 publications including 402, and extracted data on 390 individuals with
COL4A1
, 123 with
TREX1
, 44 with
HTRA1
homozygous, 41 with
COL4A2
, 346 with
ADA2
, 82 with
HTRA1
heterozygous, and 14 with
CTSA
. Mean age ranged from 15 (
ADA2
) to 59 years (
HTRA1
heterozygotes). Clinical phenotype frequencies varied widely: stroke, 9% (
TREX1
) to 52% (
HTRA1
heterozygotes); cognitive features, 0% (
ADA2
) to 64% (
HTRA1
homozygotes); and psychiatric features, 0% (
COL4A2
;
ADA2
) to 57% (
CTSA
). Among individuals with neuroimaging, vascular radiological phenotypes appeared common, ranging from 62% (
ADA2
) to 100% (
HTRA1
homozygotes;
CTSA
). White matter lesions were the most common pathology, except in
ADA2
and
COL4A2
cases, where ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions dominated, respectively.

Conclusions
There appear to be differences in cerebral manifestations across cSVD genes. Vascular radiological changes were more common than clinical neurological phenotypes, and present in the majority of individuals with reported neuroimaging. However, these results may be affected by age and biases inherent to case reports. In the future, better characterization of associated phenotypes, as well as insights from population‐based studies, should improve our understanding of monogenic cSVD to inform genetic testing, guide clinical management, and help unravel underlying disease mechanisms.
Indonesia at the Intersection of Human Rights and International Investment
Authors: Ula Hikmatul , Sobel-Read Kevin , Aisyiah Cahyani 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the changing dynamics of today’s world, globalisation and sovereignty remain centrally important. Simultaneously, international commerce in the form of global value chains is playing an increasingly significant role in linking and mediating the overlap of globalisation and sovereignty. Nation-state governments use law to manage this overlap. This article takes the example of Indonesia to explain and analyse this phenomenon. By examining the intersection of laws regarding foreign investment and human rights, it becomes possible to gain insight into the constraints that national governments face in regard to protecting local interests while catering to the demands of global commerce. Human rights protections, after all, benefit local welfare but inhibit investment because they impose costs on companies. In the Indonesian case, the government has been successful in implementing local human rights protections in its fishing industry but has largely failed in its mining industry. The reason is quite simple: given their power and the economic value of their investment, international mining companies are able to influence the government, whereas fishing firms, which are primarily smaller and domestic, lack comparable power. As a result, the power of global mining value chains is having a direct effect on decisions that a national government is making, and at the same time, the government’s decisions are reflections of compromises that it itself is willing to make (here, regulating fishing firms) and compromises that it is not willing to make (here, regulating mining companies). These decisions and relationships provide important lessons regarding the role of law in managing the tensions that global value chains pose on globalisation and sovereignty.
Performing God with Children
Authors: van Leersum-Bekebrede Lydia , Sonnenberg Ronelle , de Kock Jos , Barnard Marcel 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In worship with children, participants of all ages pray to God, act in ways that assume God’s presence, play out Biblical stories and speak about God. This raises the question, How is God ‘performed’ with children? In other words, how is God staged through performative acting? The article draws on ethnographic data from Dutch Protestant contexts. The four analysed performances emphasise affective knowledge of God and perform God as a God who accepts children as children, resurrects and helps, but whose existence can be discussed. Like in the other seventeen researched worship practices, God is performed through story, ritual and play. Analysis of interviews with youth work professionals highlights the importance of the sensory experience of stories, the creation of a ritual space, and the creative tension between children’s play and liturgical play. The article concludes that the performance of God is target-group related, contextual and embedded in the interactions between adults and children. Above all, performing God with children is embodied theology.
“Bad Luck for the Chinese”: France and the Transit of War Materiel to China During the Sino-Japanese War (1937–1939)
Authors: Barthel Alexandre 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The attitude of France towards the Sino-Japanese War that started in 1937 has given rise to various judgments. Officially neutral, France is often presented as having taken, at least morally, a favorable attitude toward China. Yet the French government had officially prohibited the transit of war materiel en route to China across the Indochinese border. This issue became increasingly important as the Japanese blockade of China progressed and conditioned the capacity of Chiang Kai-shek’s government to continue the fight. The diplomatic archives of the United States, greatly concerned by the situation in China, shed more light on France’s policy in East Asia. By comparing historical accounts produced by contemporaries and historians with the diplomatic archives of the United States, this article intends to bring more evidence relating to the issue of French “neutrality” during the Sino-Japanese War.
Burnout among university students during distance learning period due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross sectional study at the University of Jordan
Authors: Toubasi Ahmad A. , Hasuneh Manar M. , Al Karmi Joud S. , Haddad Tala A. , Kalbouneh Heba M. 
Published: June 2022

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic led to a deviation from classical face-to-face learning to distance learning. Few studies examined burnout among university students during the distance learning period due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study that aims to investigate the prevalence of burnout among university students during distance learning and the factors associated with it. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students at the University of Jordan. The modified version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for students (MBI-SS) was used to assess burnout. Results The total number of participants was 587 and the mean total of MBI-SS score was 63.34 ± 8.85. Based on the MBI-SS definition, 6.6% of the study participants were found to have symptoms of burnout. Practicing hobbies, level of satisfaction with distance learning, and thoughts about quitting courses were significant predictors of burnout. Conclusion This study showed a relatively low prevalence of burnout among students during the distance learning period with several factors associated with it. As a result, identifying these factors will help both students and educational institutions to implement strategies that are needed for the primary and secondary prevention of burnout.
Stage‐Specific Survival in Young Patients With Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bommakanti Krishna K. , Abiri Arash , Han Albert Y. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Kuan Edward C. , St John Maie A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine demographic factors and clinicopathologic characteristics associated with survival in young patients (age <45 years) with early‐ (I‐II) or late‐stage (III‐IV) oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).Study DesignRetrospective database review.SettingNational Cancer Database.MethodsA retrospective review of 3262 OTSCC cases in young patients between 2005 and 2014 was performed by using data from the National Cancer Database. Factors affecting 2‐year survival in patients with early‐ and late‐stage disease were evaluated via univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsOverall, 1899 patients with early‐stage OTSCC and 1363 with late‐stage OTSCC were analyzed. In multivariate analysis of early‐stage OTSCC, high tumor grade (hazard ratio, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.45‐2.99]), local metastasis (2.85 [1.37‐5.95]), and tumor size (1.04 [1.02‐1.07]) were predictors of mortality. In late‐stage OTSCC, African American race (2.79 [1.40‐5.56]), positive surgical margins (1.77 [1.07‐2.93]), local metastasis (2.20 [1.03‐4.72]), distant metastasis (11.66 [2.10‐64.73]), depth of invasion (1.03 [1.01‐1.05]), and tumor size (1.01 [1.003‐1.01]) were predictors of mortality. Subset analysis of clinical N0‐stage tumors revealed that treatment with surgery alone was associated with improved survival (P < .001).ConclusionPositive lymph nodes, high tumor grade, and larger tumor size were associated with increased mortality risk in early‐ and late‐stage young OTSCC. More aggressive up‐front treatment, including extirpative surgery and elective neck dissection, may be associated with improved outcomes and should be considered in early‐stage cases with high‐risk features.
Leisure Activities and Depressive Symptoms among Older Men and Women in Mexico: Implications of Physical Health
Authors: Monserud Maria A. 
Published: June 2022

Objectives This study investigated whether the effects of specific types of group and individual leisure activities on depressive symptoms differ for older men and women in Mexico and whether several indicators of physical health can shape the psychological benefits of these activities. Methods This study used data from two waves (2012 and 2015) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study and employed OLS regressions. Results The association between leisure activities and depressive symptoms among older Mexicans may vary by the type of activity, gender, and physical health. Physical health issues may decrease potential psychological benefits of certain leisure activities. Yet, despite deteriorating physical health, older adults may benefit from involvement in some leisure activities. Discussion This study highlights the diversity of experiences related to later-life mental health and emphasizes the importance of investigating psychological implications of specific types of leisure activities among older men and women with different physical health concerns.
Investigation on flame characteristics approaching thermal chocking in a cavity-based supersonic combustor
Authors: Cai Zun , Li Jianbin , Wang Taiyu , Wang Yanan , Zhu Jiajian 
Published: June 2022

This study experimentally investigated the combustion process in a cavity-based supersonic combustor at the inflow condition of Mach 2.92 with stagnation pressure 2.6 MPa and stagnation temperature 1530 K. Time-averaged flame distribution and oscillation characteristics were revealed by post-processing CH* chemiluminescence images. Wall pressures along the combustor bottom wall were also measured to provide quantitative information. Representative cascaded injection set-ups upstreaming the cavity were selected to compare ethylene flame characteristics. It is found that the combustion process is approaching thermal chocking when increasing the equivalence ratio to 0.8 according to the one-dimensional analysis of the Mach number distribution. At the same equivalence ratio, increasing the number of the cascaded injectors by lowering the injection pressure is not beneficial for the combustion enhancement, indicating that the injection pressure is also a key factor affecting the combustion heat release. However, increasing the injection pressure can cause obvious flame oscillations above the cavity as well as increasing the axis distance of the injectors. As a result, the injection scheme with two cascaded injectors which have the injection distance of 0.1 and 0.4 time the length of the cavity floor, respectively, upstreaming the cavity is suggested as a favorable scheme for scramjet applications.
Ten-Year Cephalometric Comparison of Patients With Cleft Palate who Received Treatment With Active or Passive Pre-surgical Orthopedic Devices
Authors: Garland Katie , Coyle Michelle , Foley Tim , Matic Damir 
Published: June 2022

Background Pre-surgical orthopedic (PSO) devices can be used in the management of patient with cleft lip/palate (CL/P) to narrow the alveolar gap (AG) prior to lip surgery. There are few studies comparing these 2 devices. The objective of this work was to compare the effects of active and passive PSO devices on facial growth in a single surgeon's cohort of patients with CL/P over a 10-year period. Methods A retrospective review of all patients with CL/P in a single surgeon's practice from 2002 to 2018 was performed. Preoperative measurements of AG size were done using electronic calipers on patient molds. Patient radiographs were taken at 5 and 10 years of age and cephalometric landmarks were plotted using specialized software. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare means for maxillary, mandibular, vertical, and dento-alveolar growth parameters. Results Twenty patients with an active device and 23 patients with a passive device were included. No differences were observed in the basic demographic information between the two groups. At the time of lip repair, patients with a passive device had significantly larger horizontal AGs ( P < .01), but by the time of palate repair, there was no difference between the two groups ( P = .94). There was no significant difference in any growth measurements between the active and passive device groups at 5 and 10 years. Conclusions Despite closing the AG more quickly, patients treated with an active device have no significant difference in facial growth at 10 years compared to patients treated with a passive device.
Hematological features and risk factors of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Hua Chaoyang , Li Jia , Yang Yanfang , Liu Zhangsuo 
Published: June 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became pandemic in 2020 and recently, mutated coronaviruses have emerged in many countries. The aim of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors for critical illness in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Zhengzhou for clinical prevention and management. Materials and methods: A total of 70 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were enrolled between 21 January and 29 February 2020, in Zhengzhou, China. Clinical characteristics, hematological findings, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and inflammatory index on admission were obtained from medical records, COVID-19 patients with different outcomes were compared. Results: The median age was 55 years. Forty-three (61.0%) patients were classified as having severe or critical cases. Eighteen (25.7%) patients died in hospital and the remaining 52 were discharged. Patients who died tend to be old with expectoration and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Compared to survivor, non-survivor had significantly higher numbers of leucocytes and neutrophils, NLR, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothrombin time, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and decreased platelets, lymphocytes, uric acid, and albumin (ALB). Logistic regression analysis identified leucocytes, platelets, PLR, NLR, AST, and ALB as independent predictive factors for poor outcomes. The area under curve of the combination of leucocytes, PLR, NLR, and AST was 0.87, with a sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.81. Conclusion: Our results identified risk factors among COVID-19 patients for in-hospital mortality. Leucocytes, PLR, NLR, and AST could have important reference value for predicting prognosis, especially in low-resource countries.
Identifying domestic violence and sexual assault presentations at a regional Australian hospital emergency department: Comparative analysis of domestic violence and sexual assault cases
Authors: Ghafournia Nafiseh , Healey Sunita Joann Rebecca 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To map the main characteristics of and differences between domestic violence and sexual assault cases presenting to a hospital emergency department in Australia. Methods: This retrospective observational cross-sectional study presents a snapshot of domestic violence and sexual assault cases presenting to the emergency department of a regional tertiary Australian hospital between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2018. Data were extracted from the health district electronic information system for all eligible females. All data were checked for completeness and discrepancies by researchers before analysis. Results: 42/105 (40%) sexual assault cases and 27/56 (48%) domestic violence cases reported mental health issues. More than half of the sexual assault and domestic violence cases had recurrent presentations to emergency department (51%; 54/105% and 52%; 29/56, respectively); most injuries were classed as severe. 92/105; 88% of sexual assault and 41/56; 73% of domestic violence victims were referred to related services. Conclusion: Clinical health staff, particularly those working in emergency department, can play crucial roles in identifying cases of domestic violence and sexual assault. Domestic violence training for clinicians and routine domestic violence screening in hospital emergency department is recommended to enhance early intervention.
1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its role in predicting neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm neonates: A systematic review
Authors: Laccetta Gianluigi , De Nardo Maria Chiara , Cellitti Raffaella , Angeloni Ugo , Terrin Gianluca 
Published: June 2022

To assess the diagnostic utility of proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy in early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm newborns. Systematic review performed in compliance with the PRISMA statements. Eligible articles were searched in MEDLINE, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases using the following medical subject headings and terms: “magnetic resonance spectroscopy,” “infant,” and “newborn.” Studies of any design published until 20 December 2021 and fulfilling the following criteria were selected: (1) studies including newborns with gestational age at birth <37 weeks which underwent at least one 1H-MRS scan within 52 weeks’ postmenstrual age and neurodevelopmental assessment within 4 years of age; (2) studies in which preterm newborns with congenital infections, genetic disorders, and brain congenital anomalies were clearly excluded. Data regarding the relationship between metabolite ratios in basal ganglia, thalamus, and white matter, and neurodevelopment were analysed. The quality assessment of included studies was performed according to the criteria from the QUADAS-2. N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/choline (Cho) was the most studied metabolite ratio. Lower NAA/Cho ratio in basal ganglia and thalamus was associated with adverse motor, cognitive, and language outcomes, and worse global neurodevelopment. Lower NAA/Cho ratio in white matter was associated with cognitive impairment. However, some associations came from single studies or were discordant among studies. The quality of included studies was low. 1H-MRS could be a promising tool for early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental impairment. However, further studies of good quality are needed to define the relationship between metabolite ratios and neurodevelopment.