bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of Surfactant‐Induced Platinum Nanospheres with a Porous Network Structure for Highly Effective Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Sun Liangyu , Cai Jialin , Jung Joey Chung‐Yen , Xia Zhonghong , Zhang Jiujun , Zhang Shiming 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeveloping a facile and eco‐friendly method for the large‐scale synthesis of highly active and stable catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is very important for the practical application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this paper, a mild aqueous‐solution route has been successfully developed for the gram‐scale synthesis of three‐dimensional porous Pt nanospheres (Pt‐NSs) that are composed of network‐structured nanodendrites and/or oval multipods. In comparison with the commercial Pt/C catalyst, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrates the dominant metallic‐state of Pt and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicates the substantial improvement of conductivity for the Pt‐NSs/C catalyst. The surfactant‐induced porous network nanostructure improves both the catalytic ORR activity and durability. The optimal Pt‐NSs/C catalyst exhibits a half‐wave potential of 0.898 V (vs. RHE), leading to the mass activity of 0.18 A mgPt−1 and specific activity of 0.68 mA cm−2 which are respectively 1.9 and 5.7 times greater than those of Pt/C. Moreover, the highly‐active Pt‐NSs/C catalyst shows a superior stability with the tenable morphology and the retained 78% of initial mass activity rather than the severe Pt aggregation and the only 58% retention of the commercial Pt/C catalyst after 10000 cycles.
Off‐target screening of amyloid‐beta plaque targeting [18F]florapronol ([18F]FC119S) in postmortem Alzheimer's disease tissues
Authors: Kim Min Hwan , Jung Woon Jung , Jeong Hyeon Jin , Lee Kyongkyu , Kil Hee Seup , Chung Wee Sup , Nam Kyung Rok , Lee Yong Jin , Lee Kyo Chul , Lim Sang Moo , Chi Dae Yoon 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigated the off‐target binding of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) target [18F]florapronol ([18F]FC119S) using postmortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain tissue, compared with a known Aβ target imaging agent, [125I]TZDM and tau targeting [125I]MK as positive and negative controls, respectively. Off‐target binding of monoamine oxidase‐A and ‐B (MAO‐A and ‐B) was screened for FC119S and Pittsburgh compound B (PiB). Autoradiography (ARG) was performed to screen the Aβ‐binding potential using human AD postmortem brain tissue sections. Colocalization was quantitatively analyzed by using image analysis software. Pathological analysis was performed for screening of specific binding of amyloid‐beta and phospho‐tau. Amyloid‐beta targeting [18F]FC119S and [125I]TZDM tracers were showed a similar binding pattern in ARG, but [125I]MK was showed a different binding patterns. In the blocking experiment, [18F]FC119S binding was effectively blocked by a cold TZDM compound. FC119S and PiB were not showed specific binding with MAO‐A and MAO‐B. The autoradiographic binding pattern was positively correlated with the Aβ expression.
Development of a miniature bioreactor model to study the impact of pH and DOT fluctuations on CHO cell culture performance as a tool to understanding heterogeneity effects at large‐scale
Authors: Zakrzewski Roman , Lee Kenneth , Lye Gary J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of spatial heterogeneities that are known to occur in large‐scale cell culture bioreactors remains a significant challenge. This work presents a novel methodology for mimicking the effects of pH and dissolved oxygen heterogeneities on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture performance and antibody quality characteristics, using an automated miniature bioreactor system. Cultures of 4 different cell lines, expressing 3 IgG molecules and one fusion protein, were exposed to repeated pH and dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) fluctuations between pH 7.0–7.5 and DOT 10%–30%, respectively, for durations of 15, 30, and 60 min. Fluctuations in pH had a minimal impact on growth, productivity, and product quality although some changes in lactate metabolism were observed. DOT fluctuations were found to have a more significant impact; a 35% decrease in cell growth and product titre was observed in the fastest growing cell line tested, while all cell lines exhibited a significant increase in lactate accumulation. Product quality analysis yielded varied results; two cell lines showed an increase in the G0F glycan and decrease in G1F, G2F, and Man5; however, another line showed the opposite trend. The study suggests that the response of CHO cells to the effects of fluctuating culture conditions is cell line specific and that higher growing cell lines are most impacted. The miniature bioreactor system described in this work therefore provides a platform for use during early stage cell culture process development to identify cell lines that may be adversely impacted by the pH and DOT heterogeneities encountered on scale‐up. This experimental data can be combined with computational modeling approaches to predict overall cell culture performance in large‐scale bioreactors.
Tumor remnant after silicone implant en bloc capsulectomy: The magnetic resonance role
Authors: de Faria Castro Fleury Eduardo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, there has been an increase in surgeries to treat silicones implant complications. These procedures are generally related to diseased fibrous capsules, with capsular contracture the most common clinical manifestation. However, patients often do not undergo a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan for the explant surgical programming to access the fibrous capsule status and avoid residual diseased tissue. The accuracy of MRI to assess fibrous capsule breast neoplasm remnants depends on the surgical time. The ideal time for the evaluation is up to 72 h after the surgery when the repaired tissue starts to appear. Up to 2–3 weeks after surgery, MRI can provide information on the presence of a residual tumor. After this period, the presence of scar tissue and granuloma impairs the analysis. This communication discusses the role of MRI in evaluating residual fibrous capsules in the postoperative period.
Identification of a combined apoptosis and hypoxia gene signature for predicting prognosis and immune infiltration in breast cancer
Authors: Ren Xueting , Cui Hanxiao , Wu Jianhua , Zhou Ruina , Wang Nan , Liu Dandan , Xie Xin , Zhang Hao , Liu Di , Ma Xiaobin , Dang Chengxue , Kang Huafeng , Lin Shuai 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor worldwide. Apoptosis and hypoxia are involved in the progression of BC, but reliable biomarkers for these have not been developed. We hope to explore a gene signature that combined apoptosis and hypoxia‐related genes (AHGs) to predict BC prognosis and immune infiltration.MethodsWe collected the mRNA expression profiles and clinical data information of BC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The gene signature based on AHGs was constructed using the univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The associations between risk scores, immune infiltration, and immune checkpoint gene expression were studied using single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis. Besides, gene signature and independent clinicopathological characteristics were combined to establish a nomogram. Finally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were performed on the potential functions of AHGs.ResultsWe identified a 16‐AHG signature (AGPAT1, BTBD6, EIF4EBP1, ERRFI1, FAM114A1, GRIP1, IRF2, JAK1, MAP2K6, MCTS1, NFKBIA, NFKBIZ, NUP43, PGK1, RCL1, and SGCE) that could independently predict BC prognosis. The median score of the risk model divided the patients into two subgroups. By contrast, patients in the high‐risk group had poorer prognosis, less abundance of immune cell infiltration, and expression of immune checkpoint genes. The gene signature and nomogram had good predictive effects on the overall survival of BC patients. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the differential expression of AHGs may be closely related to tumor immunity.ConclusionWe established and verified a 16‐AHG BC signature which may help predict prognosis, assess potential immunotherapy benefits, and provide inspiration for future research on the functions and mechanisms of AHGs in BC.
Unilateral syphilitic optic neuritis without meningitis or uveitis
Authors: Yamashita Shun , Tago Masaki , Nishi Tomoyo M. , Yamashita Shu‐ichi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 69‐year‐old man with left eye pain and visual impairment was diagnosed with syphilitic optic neuritis, who was successfully treated by penicillin. Although it is difficult to decide syphilis as the direct cause of optic neuritis, it is essential to diagnose syphilis in every patient with optic neuritis.
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy in two siblings from Saudi Arabia: A case report
Authors: Hummadi Abdulrrahman , Nahari Ahmed Ali , Alhagawy Ali Jaber , Zakri Ibrahim , Abutaleb Raed , Yafei Saeed 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCongenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1 (CGL1) is a very rare autosomal recessive genetic mutation with generalized lipoatrophy and metabolic complications. We report CGL1 in two Saudi female siblings with lipoatrophy, diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, steatohepatitis, and acanthosis due to very rare homozygous 1‐acylglycerol‐3‐phosphate O‐acyltransferase β (AGPAT2) genetic variant.
Left free wall‐sided Mahaim type fiber and A‐V nodal reentry tachycardia: Unusual but not impossible combination
Authors: Stoyanov Milko , Shalganov Tchavdar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 52‐year‐old patient with previous catheter ablation of A‐V nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) had a redo procedure for reported recurrence. During the study, AVNRT was not inducible, but a previously unrecognized left‐sided Mahaim‐type accessory pathway was diagnosed and ablated successfully.
Case report on the legal assurance of Advance Care Planning in collective culture
Authors: Miyatake Hirotomo , Ozaki Akihiko , Kotera Yasuhiro , Sakamoto Ryo , Bhandari Divya , Uneno Yu , Beniya Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis case report shows that there is a lack of a legal framework in Japan to protect patients' right during the end‐of‐life period, which hinders the implementation of ACP in medical practice. This report suggests that legal support can contribute to the advancement of ACP while addressing cultural differences.
Bronchial tear consecutive to blunt chest trauma
Authors: Naggar Amine , Jellal Sanae , El Fenni Jamal , Saouab Rachida 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTracheobronchial injuries following blunt chest trauma are rare and can be lethal. CT scan can help to diagnose it when a defect to the tracheobronchial wall is visible or to suspect it in front of indirect signs.
Influence of Grafting of a Polymeric Antistatic Membrane Doped with Orthophosphoric Acid on its Electrical Properties
Authors: Doma Ahmed S. , Kamoun Elbadawy A. , Abboudy Sayed , Belal Mohamed A. , Khattab Sherine N. , El-Bardan Ali A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPolyvinyl chloride (PVC)/styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) antistatic membranes were prepared by two types of grafting, namely, self‐ and chemical grafting processes, using solvent‐casting technique via tetrahydrofuran and toluene as solvents for PVC and SBR, respectively. The membrane modification was carried out by doping orthophosphoric acid (OPA) in the polymer solution. The effect of OPA on the properties of the PVC/SBR membranes was studied in detail with respect to the electrical properties of the antistatic membranes. The electrical conductivities were improved by increasing the OPA content onto membranes. These results suggest that PVC/SBR antistatic membranes doped with OPA can be utilized as promising antistatic material candidates for fabrication of automobile tires and electronic materials.
Energy‐Saving Separation of the Ethanol‐tert‐Butanol‐Water Azeotrope System Based on an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Tian Zenghu , Wang Xiaohong , Chen Jingxuan , Du Peng , Ding Xin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe separation requirements of the ethanol‐tert‐butanol‐water system are difficult to meet due to the formation of azeotropes under normal pressure. After screening the four most important ionic liquids, i.e., [BMIM][BF4], [EMIM][Cl], [HMIM][Cl], and [EMIM][AC], ionic liquid [EMIM][AC] was selected as extractant, and quantum chemical calculations based on COSMO‐SAC theory were carried out to analyze the mechanism of the separation process. An ethanol‐tert‐butanol‐water extractive distillation process was designed, optimized with the goal of the lowest total annual economic cost, and the cost of carbon dioxide emissions was calculated. To further save energy, a heat pump distillation process was designed and compared with the conventional ionic liquid process. The annual total cost of the heat pump distillation process is reduced by 10.11 %, and carbon dioxide emission costs are reduced by 61.9 %. Comparison with the conventional extractive distillation process and its modified process revealed economic advantages for the ionic liquid extractive distillation process and its heat pump version.
Asymmetric Alkynylation of Tertiary Carbon‐Centered Radical via Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Relay
Authors: Wu Dunqi , Wu Lianqian , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng 
Published: April 2022

Comprehensive SummaryAlkynes are frequently found in a high proportion of natural products and bioactive moleculars, as well as a common synthon in organic synthesis, which can be easily transformed to an alkenyl, alkyl, heteroaryl, or carboxylic acid group. The enantioselective construction of alkyne substituted all carbon quaternary stereocenters is rarely reported and still a big challenge. As part of our continuous effort on developing asymmetric radical transformations, we found introducing an amidyl group (CONHAr) adjacent to the tertiary carbon radical could enable the asymmetric radical coupling with alkyne reagents. The amidyl group may stabilize the tertiary carbon radical or coordination with the chiral copper catalyst. Herein, we communicate a copper‐catalyzed asymmetric trifluoromethyl‐alkynylation of α‐aryl substituted acrylamides, which provides a straightforward and efficient access to chiral quaternary all‐carbon centers bearing alkynyl groups in good yields and enantioselectivities. This reaction was also applied for the synthesis of chiral functionalized dipeptide.
Detection of Nitric Oxide from Chickpea Using DAF Fluorescence and Chemiluminescence Methods
Authors: Kumari Aprajita , Bhatoee Manbir , Singh Pooja , Kaladhar Vemula Chandra , Yadav Nidhi , Paul Debarati , Loake Gary J. , Gupta Kapuganti Jagadis 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe free radical nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important signal molecule in plants, due to its involvement in various plant growth, development, and stress responses. For elucidating the role of NO, it is very important to precisely determine, localize, and quantify NO levels. Due to a relatively short half‐life and its rapid, complex reactivity with other radicals, together with its capacity to diffuse from the source of production, the quantification of NO in whole plants, tissues, organelles, and extracts is notoriously difficult. Hence, it is essential to employ sensitive procedures for precise detection of NO. Currently available methods can fulfill many requirements to precisely determine NO, but each method has several advantages and pitfalls. In this article, we describe a detailed procedure for the measurement of NO by diaminofluorescein (DAF) in cell‐permeable forms (DAF‐FM‐DA). In this method, the tissues are immersed in DAF‐FM DA, leading to their diffusion from the plasma membrane to the inside of the cell, where intracellular esterases cleave the ester bonds, leading to DAF‐FM release. The resulting DAF‐FM reacts with intracellularly generated NO and forms highly fluorescent triazolofluorescein (DAF‐FMT), which can be localized and monitored by fluorescence or confocal microscopy, and can also be detected via fluorimetry and flow cytometry. DAF dyes are very popular as they are non‐invasive, relatively easy to handle, and commercially available. Another precise and very sensitive method is chemiluminescence detection of NO, where NO reacts with ozone (O3), leading to emission of a quantum of light from which NO can be calculated. Using chickpea seedlings, we describe in detail the measurement of NO using DAF‐FM‐DA and chemiluminescence methods. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Measurement of nitric oxide from chickpea seedlings using DAF‐FM DA fluorescence with fluorescence and confocal microscopyBasic Protocol 2: Chemiluminescence detection of nitric oxide from chickpea seedlings
Selective Hydrogenolysis of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2‐Hexanol over Au/ZrO2 Catalysts
Authors: Hu Xiaohong , Li Zhijian , Wang Haiyong , Xin Haosheng , Li Song , Wang Chenguang , Ma Longlong , Liu Qiying 
Published: April 2022

Abstract2‐Hexanol (2‐HOL) is a versatile biomass‐derived platform molecule for synthesis of liquid transportation fuels, lubricants, or detergents. Herein, a one‐step preparation of 2‐HOL using 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as a substrate was reported for the first time. Several Au‐based catalysts supported on different metal oxides were prepared to explore the relationship between carrier and catalytic activity. The results showed that the highest 2‐HOL yield of 65.8 % was obtained at complete HMF conversion over the 5 %Au/ZrO2 catalyst. The 5 %Au/ZrO2 catalyst exhibited excellent durability after five consecutive recycling runs, while confirming its remarkable ring‐opening hydrogenolysis on other biomass‐derived furanics, furfural, with a total yield of 1‐pentanol and 2‐pentanol of 67.4 %. The distinguished ring‐opening hydrogenolysis performance of the Au/ZrO2 catalyst originated from a synergistic effect between the interfacial Au‐O‐Zr oxygen vacancies‐induced Lewis acidic sites (activating C−OH/C=O bonds) and metallic Au (activating H2). This work provides a possibility for producing 2‐HOL from HMF with high yield, expanding the sustainable application of lignocellulosic biomass.
Paedomorphic salamanders are larval in form and patterns of limb emergence inform life cycle evolution
Authors: Bonett Ronald M. , Ledbetter Nicholus M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAmphibians undergo a variety of post‐embryonic transitions (PETr) that are partly governed by thyroid hormone (TH). Transformation into a terrestrial form follows an aquatic larval stage (biphasic) or precedes hatching (direct development). Some salamanders maintain larval characteristics and an aquatic lifestyle into adulthood (paedomorphosis), which obscures the conclusion of their larval period. Paedomorphic axolotls exhibit elevated TH during early development that is concomitant with transcriptional reprogramming and limb emergence. A recent perspective suggested this cryptic TH‐based PETr is uncoupled from metamorphosis in paedomorphs and concludes the larval period. This led to their question: “Are paedomorphs actual larvae?”. To clarify, paedomorphs are only considered larval in form, even though they possess some actual larval characteristics. However, we strongly agree that events during larval development inform amphibian life cycle evolution. We build upon their perspective by considering the evolution of limb emergence and metamorphosis. Limbless hatchling larval salamanders are generally associated with ponds, while limbed larvae are common to streams and preceded the evolution of direct development. Permian amphibians had limbed larvae, so their PETr was likely uncoupled from metamorphosis, equivalent to most extant biphasic and paedomorphic salamanders. Coupling of these events was likely derived in frogs and direct developing salamanders.
Novel hosts can incur fitness costs to a frugivorous insect pest
Authors: Lampasona Timothy , Rodriguez‐Saona Cesar , Nielsen Anne L. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn phytophagous insects, adult attraction and oviposition preference for a host plant are often positively correlated with their immature fitness; however, little is known how this preference–performance relationship changes within insect populations utilizing different host plants. Here, we investigated differences in the preference and performance of two populations of a native North American frugivorous insect pest, the plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar)—one that utilizes peaches and another that utilizes blueberries as hosts—in the Mid‐Atlantic United States. We collectedC. nenupharadult populations from peach and blueberry farms and found that they exhibited a clear preference for the odors of, as well as an ovipositional preference for, the hosts they were collected from, laying 67%–83% of their eggs in their respective collected hosts. To measureC. nenupharlarval performance, a fitness index was calculated using data on larval weights, development, and survival rate from egg to 4th instars when reared on the parent's collected and novel hosts. Larvae ofC. nenupharadults collected from peach had high fitness on peach but low fitness when reared on blueberry. In contrast, larvae fromC. nenupharadults collected in blueberry had high fitness regardless of the host on which they were reared. In this study, we show that utilizing a novel host such as blueberry incurs a fitness cost forC. nenupharfrom peaches, but this cost was not observed forC. nenupharfrom blueberries, indicating that the preference–performance relationship is present in the case of insects reared on peach, but insects reared on blueberry were more flexible and able to utilize either host, despite preferring blueberry.
Multigenerational exposure to increased temperature reduces metabolic rate but increases boldness in Gambusia affinis
Authors: Moffett Emma R. , Fryxell David C. , Simon Kevin S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAcute exposure to warming temperatures increases minimum energetic requirements in ectotherms. However, over and within multiple generations, increased temperatures may cause plastic and evolved changes that modify the temperature sensitivity of energy demand and alter individual behaviors. Here, we aimed to test whether populations recently exposed to geothermally elevated temperatures express an altered temperature sensitivity of metabolism and behavior. We expected that long‐term exposure to warming would moderate metabolic rate, reducing the temperature sensitivity of metabolism, with concomitant reductions in boldness and activity. We compared the temperature sensitivity of metabolic rate (acclimation at 20 vs. 30°C) and allometric slopes of routine, standard, and maximum metabolic rates, in addition to boldness and activity behaviors, across eight recently divergent populations of a widespread fish species (Gambusia affinis). Our data reveal that warm‐source populations express a reduced temperature sensitivity of metabolism, with relatively high metabolic rates at cool acclimation temperatures and relatively low metabolic rates at warm acclimation temperatures compared to ambient‐source populations. Allometric scaling of metabolism did not differ with thermal history. Across individuals from all populations combined, higher metabolic rates were associated with higher activity rates at 20°C and bolder behavior at 30°C. However, warm‐source populations displayed relatively bolder behavior at both acclimation temperatures compared to ambient‐source populations, despite their relatively low metabolic rates at warm acclimation temperatures. Overall, our data suggest that in response to warming, multigenerational exposure (e.g., plasticity, adaptation) may not result in trait change directed along a simple “pace‐of‐life syndrome” axis, instead causing relative decreases in metabolism and increases in boldness. Ultimately, our data suggest that multigenerational warming may produce a novel combination of physiological and behavioral traits, with consequences for animal performance in a warming world.