bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene polymorphisms and post‐treatment toxicity and treatment response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A scoping review
Authors: Rajabi‐Moghaddam Mahdieh , Abbaszadeh Hamid 
Published: September 2022

AbstractVariations in toxicity and treatment response are observed among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) despite similar clinicopathologic characteristics that are attributed to gene polymorphisms. This study aimed to review the literatures about the impact of gene polymorphisms on post‐treatment toxicity and treatment response in HNSCCs. A systematic search of all original articles about impact of gene polymorphisms on toxicity and response rate in HNSCCs was done till September 2021 using Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Of 15 345 initial searched articles, 25 articles were finally found to be eligible for inclusion in this review. A total of 41 genes and 69 polymorphisms were examined in these studies. Twenty‐nine genes with 42 polymorphisms for treatment response and 21 genes with 33 polymorphisms were examined for post‐treatment toxicity. Because each of the Asp312Asn ERCC2, IIe105Val GSTP1, and Phe31Ile AurkA polymorphisms has been associated with significant results in two studies, these polymorphisms are more likely to be associated with a treatment response. In the same way, the R521K EGFR polymorphism is more likely to be associated with a post‐treatment toxicity. Because some polymorphisms such as R521K EGFR, *4 or *6 CYP2D6, and rs396991 FcγRIIIa have been associated with significant results in one study (without contradictory study), it is likely that they will be associated with a treatment response by further studies. Due to the paucity of studies, definitive conclusions are impossible, so further studies with meta‐analysis in the future are recommended.
Computational study on the reduction and solvolysis of triplet chlorobenzenes
Authors: Nitu Cristina , Crespi Stefano 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work we explored the excited state reactivity of triplet chlorobenzenes with density functional theory and a cluster‐continuum approach. We modeled two competing reactions: a direct abstraction of hydrogen from a solvent molecule and solvolysis via photo‐SN2Ar. Electron donating (–OMe, –CH2SiMe3, –SiMe3) and withdrawing (–CN) substituents not only have distinct effects on the triplet geometries, inducing structural distortions due to the relief of excited state antiaromaticity, but also affect the reactivity of the system. Therefore, electron‐rich chlorobenzenes favor the radical reduction, while electron deficiency opens the possibility for solvolysis. Both reactions are energetically comparable to or more favorable then the dissociation of the C‐Cl bond to form triplet or singlet aryl cations, the intermediates considered responsible for these reactivities. Our findings can be correlated with experimental results on similar systems available from the literature, deeming the proposed pathways as viable alternatives to established mechanisms involving aryl cations.
High‐throughput protein binding assay using cross‐sample pooling in combination with high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Cai Jingwei , Huang Julie , Yan Zhengyin 
Published: September 2022

RationaleThe fraction of unbound drugs (ƒu) is a useful pharmacokinetic parameter in understanding drug disposition (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion), pharmacological activity and toxicity. Therefore, protein binding assays are frequently performed in drug development, creating a high demand for biological, experimental and analytical resources. Our work aims to increase binding assay throughput and comprehensiveness, while reducing biological and experimental consumption without compromising data quality by introducing cross‐pooling and cassetting procedures, followed by a rapid and informative high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis.MethodsIndividual drugs were spiked into a test matrix and incubated in a rapid equilibrium dialysis device. After incubation, a cross‐pooling procedure was performed, in which the samples of one drug were equalized with the complementary matrix provided from a different drug. The same drugs were also assayed with a conventional method, in which samples were equalized with the newly prepared complementary matrix. Cross‐pooled samples were further cassetted to increase throughput. The samples were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with an Orbitrap HRMS, and the fu values were calculated and compared between the cross‐pooling and conventional sampling procedures.ResultsHighly comparable human plasma fu values of 27 drugs representing different chemical classes and wide‐ranging fu values were obtained by conventional and cross‐pooling procedures, The tight correlation was further validated in other species (rat, mouse) and matrices (microsomes, brain). In addition, the cassetted samples showed highly consistent fu values compared to their noncassetted counterparts. Moreover, HRMS analysis not only showed highly consistent and repeatable quantification results compared to the “gold standard” triple quadrupole (QqQ) analysis, but also demonstrated outstanding advantage over QqQ in enabling a high‐throughput, informative and versatile analysis.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that the cross‐pooling procedure with further sample cassetting using HRMS is experimentally and analytically feasible to allow a higher throughput (increased by up to 8‐fold), resource‐effective (reducing matrix consumption by 50%, minimizing time spent on method development and platemap design), analytically dependable (accurate quantification), and versatile (metabolite elucidation and low recovery troubleshooting) analysis.
Differences in respiration rates and abrasion losses may muddle attribution of breakdown to macroinvertebrates versus microbes in litterbag experiments
Authors: Tomczyk Nathan J. , Rosemond Amy D. , Bumpers Phillip M. , Cummins Carolyn S. , Yang Carol , Wenger Seth J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLeaf breakdown is an important process in forested headwater streams. A common method used to quantify the role of macroinvertebrate and microbial communities in leaf litter breakdown involves using paired mesh bags that either allow or exclude macroinvertebrate access to leaves. We examined common assumptions of the paired litterbag method to test (1) whether mesh size alters microbial respiration and (2) whether the effects of abrasive flows (e.g., from water and sediment) differ between coarse‐ and fine‐mesh litterbags. We measured rates of microbial respiration on Acer rubrum and Rhododendron maximum leaves incubated in coarse‐ and fine‐mesh litterbags. We also measured rates of abrasion using aerated concrete blocks in pairs of coarse‐ and fine‐mesh bags in ten streams across a gradient of discharge. We found that rates of microbial respiration on Acer rubrum leaves conditioned in fine‐mesh bags were 65% greater than the rates of respiration in paired coarse‐mesh bags, but respiration rates on Rhododendron maximum were similar in coarse‐ and fine‐mesh bags. Abrasion was, on average, 56% greater in coarse‐mesh than paired fine‐mesh bags, and these effects were greater in streams with higher discharge. These results suggest that more caution is required when attributing the difference in leaf breakdown between coarse‐ and fine‐mesh bags to macroinvertebrates. Because the effect of mesh size on microbial respiration of Acer leaves and abrasion are opposite in direction, the effect that dominates and creates bias likely depends on both environmental context and experimental design.
A Portable Transformable Device
Authors: Ishino Masaya , Matsumoto Mitsuharu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough there have been many studies on transforming robots in recent years, there are few reports of using transforming robots for daily use. In this research, we developed a portable transformable device using shape memory resin with the aim of daily use of the deformation devices. The developed device is lightweight and easy to carry. In spite of its simple structure, it is possible to realize a more complicated structure by combining them with each other. In order to clarify the effectiveness of the proposed device, we show some usage examples of the device and show the potential of the device as various tools for our daily life. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Local preventive effects of shakuyakukanzoto and paeoniflorin external gel on paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathic pain in mice
Authors: Andoh Tsugunobu , Kurokawa Yoko , Kato Mitsuru , Juntado Mikhaela Estrada 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimChemotherapy for cancer patients induces peripheral neuropathic pain as a refractory side effect. We reported that the prophylactic repeated oral administration of a traditional herbal medicine, shakuyakukanzoto (SKT), peripherally inhibited paclitaxel‐induced mechanical allodynia in mice. In the present study, we therefore developed external gel forms of SKT and the major constituent paeoniflorin (PF), and evaluated their effects on paclitaxel‐induced mechanical allodynia in mice.MethodsA single intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel was given to mice. SKT or PF external gel (SKT‐Gel or PF‐Gel) was topically applied to the right planar surface twice daily for 13 days. Mechanical allodynia was evaluated by the von Frey filament test.ResultsThe prophylactic repeated topical application of SKT‐Gel or PF‐Gel on the right planar surface inhibited the exacerbation of paclitaxel‐induced mechanical allodynia. However, the prophylactic repeated topical application of external base gel (BS‐Gel) on the left planar surface in the same mice treated with paclitaxel did not affect the allodynia.ConclusionProphylactic repeated topical applications of SKT‐Gel and PF‐Gel locally inhibited the exacerbation of paclitaxel‐induced mechanical allodynia. These gels were useful for the control of paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathic pain.
Association of the age and bodyweight at first calving with the reproductive and productive performance in one herd of Holstein dairy heifers in Japan
Authors: Kusaka Hiromi , Yamazaki Takeshi , Sakaguchi Minoru 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundReducing the age at first calving (AFC) in dairy heifers may decrease replacement costs, while the acceleration of body growth could affect milk productivity. A lower bodyweight (BW) at first calving may increase calving problems and compromise the subsequent reproductive performance.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study aimed to investigate the effect of AFC and BW prior to calving on milk productivity, the incidence of calving problems (difficult calving and stillbirth) and reproductive performance during the first lactation. Multivariate analysis was conducted using a total of 203 calving records from 1999 to 2012 for one herd of Holstein heifers. The AFC was categorised as young, moderate, old and very old (<22.5, 22.5 to <24.0, 24.0 to <25.5, ≥25.5 months) and the heifer BW before first calving was grouped into low, moderate, high and very high (≤625, 626–654, 655–683, ≥684 kg), respectively.ResultsThe incidence of difficult calving and the prevalence of stillbirth were significantly higher in the animals with low BW compared with the heifers with moderate and high BW. Even so, there was no adverse impact on reproductive performance. There was a significant association between the lifetime daily milk yield and AFC; the highest mean value for yield was recorded for the heifers in the young AFC group, which was significantly different from heifers in the moderate and old age groups.ConclusionsIn this experimental herd, a reduction in AFC could increase the profitability during the first lactation.
Gravitational wave and CMB probes of axion kination
Authors: Co Raymond T. , Dunsky David , Fernandez Nicolas , Ghalsasi Akshay , Hall Lawrence J. , Harigaya Keisuke , Shelton Jessie 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Rotations of an axion field in field space provide a natural origin for an era of kination domination, where the energy density is dominated by the kinetic term of the axion field, preceded by an early era of matter domination. Remarkably, no entropy is produced at the end of matter domination and hence these eras of matter and kination domination may occur even after Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We derive constraints on these eras from both the cosmic microwave background and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We investigate how this cosmological scenario affects the spectrum of possible primordial gravitational waves and find that the spectrum features a triangular peak. We discuss how future observations of gravitational waves can probe the viable parameter space, including regions that produce axion dark matter by the kinetic misalignment mechanism or the baryon asymmetry by axiogenesis. For QCD axion dark matter produced by the kinetic misalignment mechanism, a modification to the inflationary gravitational wave spectrum occurs above 0.01 Hz and, for high values of the energy scale of inflation, the prospects for discovery are good. We briefly comment on implications for structure formation of the universe.
Lagebild Bevölkerungsverhalten für ein effektives Krisenmanagement
Authors: Schopp Nathalie , Schüler Charline , Tondorf Volker , Schüller Lynn 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungWie elementar sozialwissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse für die Krisenbewältigung sind, hat besonders die Coronavirus-Pandemie gezeigt, in der das Bevölkerungsverhalten ein zentraler Dreh- und Angelpunkt für den gesamten Krisenverlauf war und ist. Derzeit wird das Wissen zum Bevölkerungsverhalten in Lagebildern häufig nicht berücksichtigt und kann daher durch Krisenstäbe nicht in ausreichendem Maße genutzt werden.Dies soll das Projekt „Lagebild Bevölkerungsverhalten für ein effektives staatliches Krisenmanagement (LB BevV)“ ändern, welches im Referat Psychosoziales Krisenmanagement im Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe (BBK) angesiedelt ist. Dieses Projekt bildet den Fokus dieses Artikels. Ein strategisches Ziel des Projekts ist es, Wissen zum Bevölkerungsverhalten stärker in das staatliche Krisenmanagement zu integrieren. Damit einhergehend gilt es, die differenzierte Einbeziehung der Bevölkerung für die Bewältigung von Krisen und Katastrophen zu standardisieren. Darüber hinaus kann mithilfe des Lagebilds Bevölkerungsverhalten staatliches Handeln die Bewältigungskompetenzen von Betroffenen besser unterstützen, weil so z. B. die Bedarfe, Bedürfnisse und Ressourcen der Bevölkerung aufgezeigt werden können. Dadurch können staatliche Maßnahmen gezielt angepasst werden.Innerhalb des Projekts LB BevV sind weitere BBK-geförderte Forschungsprojekte angesiedelt mit dem Ziel, den menschzentrierten Bevölkerungsschutz mithilfe von wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen zu stärken. Die Ergebnisse der Forschungsprojekte fließen in das Projekt LB BevV mit ein. Das Lagebild wurde in einer Testphase alle 2 Wochen auf Basis von Daten und Erkenntnissen aus öffentlich zugänglichen Studien erstellt und verschiedenen Bedarfsträgern zur Verfügung gestellt.
Derotational distal femoral osteotomy for patients with recurrent patellar instability and increased femoral antetorsion improves knee function and adequately treats both torsional and valgus malalignment
Authors: Hinz Maximilian , Cotic Matthias , Diermeier Theresa , Imhoff Florian B. , Feuerriegel Georg C. , Woertler Klaus , Themessl Alexander , Imhoff Andreas B. , Achtnich Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to evaluate the functional and radiological outcome following derotational distal femoral osteotomy (D-DFO) in patients with high-grade patellofemoral instability (PFI) and an associated increased femoral antetorsion (FA). It was hypothesized that D-DFO would lead to a good functional and radiological outcome, and that both torsional and coronal malalignment could be normalized.

Methods
Patients that underwent D-DFO between 06/2011 and 12/2018 for high-grade PFI with an increased FA (> 20°) were included. Patient-reported outcome measures (Visual Analog Scale [VAS] for pain, Kujala score, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form [IKDC], and Tegner Activity Scale [TAS]) were evaluated pre- and minimum 24 months postoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lower extremity and weight-bearing whole-leg anteroposterior radiographs were conducted pre- and postoperatively. The change in FA, coronal limb alignment, and PROMs were tested for statistical significance.

Results
In total, 27 patients (30 knees) were included. The D-DFO aimed to only correct FA (Group 1) or to additionally perform a varization (Group 2) in 14 cases each. In the remaining two cases, double-level osteotomies were performed to correct additional tibial deformities. In 25 cases (83.3%), concomitant procedures also addressing patellofemoral instability were performed. At follow-up (38.0 months [25–75% interquartile range 31.8–52.5 months]), a significant reduction in pain (VAS for pain: 2.0 [1.0–5.0] vs. 0 [0–1.0], p < 0.05), significant improvement in knee function (Kujala Score: 55.6 ± SD 13.6 vs. 80.3 ± 16.7, p < 0.05; Lysholm Score: 58.6 ± 17.4 vs. 79.5 ± 16.6, p < 0.05; IKDC: 54.6 ± 18.7 vs. 74.1 ± 15.0, p < 0.05), and an increase in sporting activity (TAS: 3.0 [3.0–4.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0–5.0], p = n.s.) were reported. Femoral antetorsion was significantly reduced (28.2 ± 6.4° vs. 13.6 ± 5.2°, p < 0.05). A significant varization was observed in Group 2 (2.4 ± 1.2° valgus vs. 0.3 ± 2.4° valgus; p < 0.05). In one case, patellar redislocation occurred 70 months postoperatively.

Conclusion
In patients with PFI and an associated increased FA, D-DFO achieved a significant reduction in pain, an improvement of subjective knee function, as well as an adequate correction of torsional and coronal alignment.

Level of evidence
Retrospective case series, Level IV.
Excessive femoral torsion is not associated with patellofemoral pain or instability if TKA is functionally aligned and the patella denervated
Authors: Flury Andreas , Hoch Armando , Cirigliano Gabriele , Hodel Sandro , Kühne Nathalie , Zimmermann Stefan M. , Vlachopoulos Lazaros , Fucentese Sandro F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Recent data suggest that individual morphologic factors should be respected to restore preoperative patellofemoral alignment and thus reduce the likelihood of anterior knee pain. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of excessive femoral torsion (FT) on clinical outcome of TKA.

Methods
Patients who underwent TKA and complete preoperative radiographic evaluation including a long-leg radiograph and CT scan were included. 51 patients showed increased FT of > 20° and were matched for age/sex to 51 controls (FT < 20°). Thirteen patients were lost to follow-up. Thirty-eight matched pairs were compared after a 2 year follow-up clinically (Kujala and patellofemoral score for TKA) and radiographically (FT, frontal leg axis, TT-TG, patellar thickness, patellar tilt, and lateral displacement of patella). Functional alignment of TKA was performed (hybrid-technique). All patellae were denervated but no patella was resurfaced.

Results
There was no significant difference between clinical scores two years after surgery between patients with normal and excessive FT (n.s.). Kujala score was 64.3 ± 16.7 versus 64.8 ± 14.4 (n.s.), and patellofemoral score for TKA was 74.3 ± 21 versus 78.5 ± 20.7 (n.s.) for increased FT group and control group, respectively. There was no correlation between preoperative FT and clinical scores. Other radiographic parameters were similar between both groups. No correlations between clinical outcomes and preoperative/postoperative frontal leg axis or total leg axis correction were found (n.s.).

Conclusion
If the leg axis deformity is corrected to a roughly neutral alignment during cemented TKA, including patellar denervation, then excessive FT was not associated with patellofemoral pain or instability.

Level of evidence.
Prospective comparative study, level II.
In situ monitoring of build height during powder-based laser metal deposition
Authors: Ye Jiayu , Alam Nazmul , Vargas-Uscategui Alejandro , Patel Milan , Bab-Hadiashar Alireza , Hoseinnezhad Reza , Cole Ivan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA powder-based laser metal deposition (LMD) system can fabricate customised three-dimensional (3D) parts, layer by layer, based upon a computer-aided design (CAD) model. However, the deposition will not always feature the expected geometry due to excessive heat input and inconsistent powder flow. Due to the layer-by-layer nature of LMD, geometrical error in one layer is compounded in all following layers and may result in a build failure. Thus, it is critical to monitor online the track and layer height. This study developed an in situ monitoring system integrating a webcam and a narrow bandpass filter. The laser/powder defocus distance was extracted from the melt pool images, and the track/layer height was calculated from the laser/powder defocusing distance and preprogrammed layer spacing. The presented approach does not need additional illumination sources and is a nonintrusive online method. Therefore, it is a potential precursor to a feedback build height control system. It also can be used for measuring omnidirectional height, i.e. height in different build directions relative to the substrate, which has been tested by fabricating two thin-wall structures with customised shapes. These online-measured height data were successfully validated against dimensional measurements from an offline 3D scanner, thus demonstrating the online system’s potential utility in a feedback control system for ensuring acceptable part geometrical accuracy.
On degenerating finite element tetrahedral partitions
Authors: Korotov Sergey , Křížek Michal , Kučera Václav 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDegenerating tetrahedral partitions show up quite often in modern finite element analysis. Actually the commonly used maximum angle condition allows some types of element degeneracies. Also, mesh generators and various adaptive procedures may easily produce degenerating mesh elements. Finally, complicated forms of computational domains (e.g. along with a priori known solution layers, etc) may demand the usage of elements of various degenerating shapes. In this paper, we show that the maximum angle condition presents a threshold property in interpolation theory, as the interpolation error may grow (or at least does not decay) if this condition is violated (which does not necessarily imply that FEM error grows). We also demonstrate that the popular red refinements, if done inappropriately, may lead to degenerating partitions which break the maximum angle condition. Finally, we prove that not all tetrahedral elements from a family of tetrahedral partitions are badly shaped when the discretization parameter tends to zero.