bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research review: Effects of parenting programs for children's conduct problems on children's emotional problems – a network meta‐analysis
Authors: Kjøbli John , Melendez‐Torres G.J. , Gardner Frances , Backhaus Sophia , Linnerud Siv , Leijten Patty 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundSpecific programs are often implemented for specific child mental health problems, while many children suffer from comorbid problems. Ideally, programs reduce a wider range of mental health problems. The present study tested whether parenting programs for children's conduct problems, and which individual and clusters of program elements, have additional effects on children's emotional problems.MethodsWe updated the search of a previous systematic review in 11 databases (e.g., PsycINFO and MEDLINE) and included studies published until July 2020 with keywords relating to ‘parenting’, ‘program’, and ‘child behavioral problems’. Also, we searched for recent trials in four trial registries and contacted protocol authors. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they used a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of a parenting program for children aged 2–10 years which was based on social learning theory and included a measure of children's emotional problems postintervention.ResultsWe identified 69 eligible trials (159 effect sizes; 6,240 families). Robust variance estimation showed that parenting programs had small significant parent‐reported additional effects on emotional problems immediately postintervention (Cohen's d = −0.14; 95% CI, −0.21, −0.07), but these effects faded over time. Teachers and children did not report significant effects. Additional effects on emotional problems were larger in samples with clinical baseline levels of such problems. No individual program elements predicted larger additional effects. Of the clusters of elements, combining behavior management and relationship enhancement elements was most likely to yield the strongest additional effects.ConclusionsThe additional effects on emotional problems of parenting programs designed to reduce conduct problems are limited, but some clusters of elements predict larger effects. Our findings may contribute to realistic expectations of the benefits of parenting programs for children's conduct problems and inform the development of programs with wider benefits across mental health problems.
Isolation of punicic acid from pomegranate seed oil by modified freeze crystallization and response surface methodology
Authors: Yang Ping , Yang Xiulan , Liu Hui , He Gang , Yao Qian , Yan Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA modified freeze crystallization method based on the different melting points of fatty acids was employed to isolate punicic acid (PA), a C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), from pomegranate seed oil (PSO). The purification process was optimized by response surface methodology. The complex effects of factors as well as their interactions on the purity, content, and yield of PA were simulated by the second‐order polynomial equations. It indicates that repeated freezing and thawing help to separate PA from the impurities with close melting points. Under the optimum conditions (solvent‐to‐material ratio of 12 ml/g, three freeze–thaw cycles, retaining the last 30% melting fraction), the content and purity of PA reached 950.00 ± 1.38 mg/g and 95.39 ± 0.66%, which were equivalent to 2.54 and 1.21 folds of original sample, respectively. The chemical structure of PA was confirmed by UV, IR, NMR, and GC–MS. PA exhibited a much stronger capacity in inhibiting various bacteria than PSO.Novelty impact statementFreeze crystallization combined with urea complex is a commonly used method to isolate PUFA, which has multiple beneficial effects on human health. However, the procedure is time‐consuming, low yield, and accompanied with potential toxic degradation products from urea. The study provides an efficient, safe, and convenient approach to separate fatty acids with different melting points and holds immerse prospective to be utilized in PUFA manufacture.
Recovery of phenolic compounds from purple onion peel using bio‐based solvents: Thermal degradation kinetics and color stability of anthocyanins
Authors: Santos Luan Gustavo , Martins Vilásia Guimarães 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of bio‐based solvent (ethanol, water, and acetic acid) on the extraction of phenolic (TPC), anthocyanins (TAC), and flavonoids (TFC) from purple onion peel and also analyze the effects of storage temperature on the kinetics of anthocyanin degradation and color stability of the phenolic‐rich extract obtained. The purple onion extract obtained with 60% ethanol (E60E) showed, respectively, TPC, TAC, and TFC about 3.4, 2.5, and 4.45 times higher than the other solvents used. E60E showed higher antioxidant and antibacterial potential compared to other solvents. E60E was stored at 4, 25, and 38°C, a half‐life of 285, 48.81, and 21.80 days was obtained, respectively. The degradation of anthocyanins in E60E occurred by an endothermic and non‐spontaneous reaction with activation energy of 54.65 kJ mol−1, being strongly related to the thermal sensitivity of the phenolic compound.Novelty impact statementPurple onion peel is a food waste rich in bioactive compounds, being a low‐cost alternative for obtaining extracts with coloring and functional potential. The results of this study indicate that the purple onion peel is an excellent source for obtaining a phenolic‐rich extract with high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The anthocyanin, color, and stability index indicates that the extract can applied in several biosectors (e.g., pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries).
Midwifery Autonomy and Employment Changes During the Early COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Woeber Kate , Vanderlaan Jennifer , Long Maryann H. , Steinbach Sally , Dunn Jessica L. , Bouchard Mary Ellen 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic presented the midwifery workforce with challenges for maintaining access to high‐quality care and safety for patients and perinatal care providers. This study analyzed associations between different types of professional autonomy and changes in midwives’ employment and compensation during the early months of the pandemic.MethodsAn online survey distributed to midwifery practices in fall 2020 compared midwives’ employment and compensation in February 2020 and September 2020. Chi‐square analysis determined associations between those data and measures of midwives’ autonomy: state practice environment, midwifery practice ownership, intrapartum practice setting, and midwifery participation in practice decision‐making.ResultsParticipants included lead midwives from 727 practices, representing 50 states and the District of Columbia. Full‐time equivalent (FTE) positions and number of full‐time midwives were stable for 77% of practices, part‐time employment for 83%, and salaries for 72%. Of the remaining practices, more practices lost FTE positions, full‐time positions, part‐time positions, and salary (18%, 15%, 9%, and 18%, respectively) than gained (11%, 8%, 8%, and 9%, respectively). Early retirements and furloughs were experienced by 9% of practices, and 18% lost benefits. However, midwifery practice ownership was significantly associated with increased salaries (20.3% vs 7.1%;P< .001) and decreased loss of benefits (7.8% vs 19.9%;P= .002) and furloughs (3.8 vs 10.1%;P= .04). Community‐based practice was significantly associated with increased FTE positions (19.0% vs 8.8%;P= .005), part‐time positions (17.4% vs 5.1%;P< .001), and salary (19.7% vs 7.0%;P< .001), as well as decreased loss of benefits (11.5% vs 21.1%;P= .02) and early retirement (1.4% vs 6.6%;P= .03). State practice environment and participation in practice decision‐making were not directly associated with employment and compensation changes.DiscussionPolicies should facilitate midwifery practice ownership and the expansion and integration of community birth settings for greater perinatal care workforce stability, greater flexibility to respond to disasters, and improved patient access to care and health outcomes.
Novel technique for rosacea treatment using optimal pulse technology: In vivo and clinical studies
Authors: Yuan Jiachen , Gao Yang , Pi Longquan , Li Zhouna , Nan Meilan , Jin Zhehu , Jin Chenglong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting the face, and the current treatment effect is not satisfactory. Based on the photomodulation of optimal pulse technology (OPT), we developed a novel treatment mode, namely, advanced OPT with low energy, three pulses, and long pulse width (AOPT‐LTL).AimsWe aimed to explore the feasibility and underlying molecular mechanisms of AOPT‐LTL treatment in a rosacea‐like mouse model. Furthermore, we evaluated the safety and efficacy in patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR).Materials and methodsMorphological, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses were used to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of AOPT‐LTL treatment in the LL‐37‐induced rosacea‐like mouse model. Moreover, 23 patients with ETR were included and received different times of treatment at intervals of 2 weeks depending on the severity of their condition. The treatment effect was assessed by comparing clinical photographs at baseline, 1 week, and 3 months after treatment, combined with the red value, GFSS, and CEA scores.ResultsAfter the AOPT‐LTL treatment of the mice, we observed that the rosacea‐like phenotype, inflammatory cell infiltration, and vascular abnormalities were significantly ameliorated, and the expression of the core molecules of rosacea was significantly inhibited. In the clinical study, the AOPT‐LTL treatment exerted satisfactory therapeutic effects on erythema and flushing of ETR patients. No serious adverse events were observed.ConclusionsAOPT‐LTL is a safe and effective method for the treatment of ETR.
A fatal case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with gestational psittacosis without symptoms of pneumonia
Authors: Yoshimura Michinobu , Shimizu Kanako , Nakura Yukiko , Kawahara Kazumi , Katano Harutaka , Motooka Daisuke , Takeuchi Makoto , Nagamune Kisaburo , Imamura Yoshiaki , Nakamura Shota , Yasukawa Kiyoshi , Hasegawa Hideki , Yoshida Yoshio , Yanagihara Itaru 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPsittacosis is a zoonotic infection caused by Chlamydia psittaci. Most patients present with acute respiratory symptoms and systemic illness. When C. psittaci infects pregnant women, it causes severe clinical manifestations called gestational psittacosis. Here we report a case of gestational psittacosis. Our patient lacked respiratory symptoms, and pathological postmortem examinations revealed severe placentitis. Both DNA and immunohistochemical analyses were positive for C. psittaci from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues. The chlamydial DNA in the placenta was about 100 times more abundant than that in the lungs; therefore, the placenta rather than the lungs was the probable target of the C. psittaci infection during this pregnancy. We could not identify the source of infection. Gestational psittacosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for fever of unknown origin during pregnancy, even in cases lacking respiratory symptoms.
Vascular and neuronal effects of general anesthesia on the brain: An fMRI study
Authors: Vedaei Faezeh , Alizadeh Mahdi , Tantawi Mohamed , Romo Victor , Mohamed Feroze B. , Wu Chengyuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeA number of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies rely on application of anesthetic agents during scanning that can modulate and complicate interpretation of the measured hemodynamic blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) response. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of general anesthesia on two main components of BOLD signal including neuronal activity and vascular response.MethodsBreath‐holding (BH) fMRI was conducted in wakefulness and under anesthesia states in 9 patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy who needed to get scanned under anesthesia during laser interstitial thermal therapy. BOLD and BOLD cerebrovascular reactivity (BOLD‐CVR) maps were compared using t‐test between two states to assess the effect of anesthesia on neuronal activity and vascular factors (p < .05).ResultsOverall, our findings revealed an increase in BOLD‐CVR and decrease in BOLD response under anesthesia in several brain regions. The results proposed that the modulatory mechanism of anesthetics on neuronal and vascular components of BOLD signal may work in different ways.ConclusionThis experiment for the first human study showed that anesthesia may play an important role in dissociation between neuronal and vascular responses contributed to hemodynamic BOLD signal using BH fMRI imaging that may assist the implication of general anesthesia and interpretation of outcomes in clinical setting.
Effect of standard‐dose and high‐dose pimobendan on select indices of renal and cardiac function in dogs with American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stageB2myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Kaplan Joanna L. , Visser Lance C. , Gunther‐Harrington Catherine T. , Ontiveros Eric S. , Wittenburg Luke A. , Palm Carrie A. , Stern Joshua A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundPimobendan might have favorable effects on renal function but this has not been well‐studied in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD).ObjectivesDetermine the effects of standard‐dose (SD_pimo) and high‐dose pimobendan (HD_pimo) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cardiac size and function in dogs with preclinical MMVD.AnimalsThirty nonazotemic dogs with stage B2 MMVD.MethodsProspective, randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical study. Dogs had an echocardiographic examination, assessment of GFR (iohexol clearance), N‐terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), and quality of life (QOL) score at baseline and 7 to 10 days after placebo (n = 6), SD_pimo 0.2 to 0.3 mg/kg q12 (n = 12), or HD_pimo 0.5 to 0.6 mg/kg q12h (n = 12).ResultsNo significant differences in GFR or QOL scores were detected between groups (P.07). After HD_pimo, the mean [SD] percent change of NT_proBNP (−46.1 [20.2]%), left atrial volume (LAV; −27.1 [16.9]%), left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (EDV; −21.8 [15.0]%), and end‐systolic volume (ESV; −55.0 [20.7]%) were significantly different (P.004) from placebo (0.5 [19.9]%, 1.3 [15.6]%, −0.2 [8.2]%, −7.3 [35.6]%, respectively) but not the percent change after SD_pimo (−36.6 [16.1]%, −22.7 [14.9]%, −16.7 [12.5]%, −41.6 [14.8]%, respectively;P > .05). After SD_pimo, percent change of NT_proBNP, LAV, EDV, and ESV were significantly different from placebo (P < .05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceResults suggest that pimobendan (SD_pimo or HD_pimo) might not affect renal function in nonazotemic dogs with stage B2 MMVD. High‐dose pimobendan did not demonstrate advantages over SD_pimo within the constraints of our study.
Early or late? The role of genotype phenology in determining wheat response to drought under future high atmospheric CO2 levels
Authors: Jiang Duo , Mulero Gabriel , Bonfil David J. , Helman David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe combination of a future rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and drought will significantly impact wheat production and quality. Genotype phenology is likely to play an essential role in such an effect. Yet, its response to elevated [CO2] and drought has not been studied before. Here we conducted a temperature‐controlled glasshouse [CO2] enrichment experiment in which two wheat cultivars with differing maturity timings and life cycle lengths were grown under ambient (aCO2 approximately 400 μmol mol–1) and elevated (eCO2 approximately 550 μmol mol–1) [CO2]. The two cultivars, bred under dry and warm Mediterranean conditions, were well‐watered or exposed to drought at 40% pot holding capacity. We aimed to explore water × [CO2] × genotype interaction in terms of phenology, physiology, and agronomic trait response. Our results show that eCO2 had a significant effect on plants grown under drought. eCO2 boosted the booting stage of the late‐maturing genotype (cv. Ruta), thereby prolonging its booting‐to‐anthesis period by approximately 3 days (p < 0.05) while unaffecting the phenological timing of the early‐maturing genotype (cv. Zahir). The prolonged period resulted in a much higher carbon assimilation rate, particularly during pre‐anthesis (+87% for Ruta vs. +22% for Zahir under eCO2). Surprisingly, there was no eCO2 effect on transpiration rate and grain protein content in both cultivars and under both water conditions. The higher photosynthesis (and transpiration efficiency) of Ruta was not translated into higher aboveground biomass or grain yield, whereas both cultivars showed a similar increase of approximately 20% in these two traits at eCO2 under drought. Overall, Zahir, the cultivar that responded the least to eCO2, had a more efficient source‐to‐sink balance with a lower sink limitation than Ruta. The complex water × [CO2] × genotype interaction found in this study implies that future projections should account for multifactor interactive effects in modeling wheat response to future climate.
Electrophysiological measures of conflict and reward processing are associated with decisions to engage in physical effort
Authors: Umemoto Akina , Lin Hause , Holroyd Clay B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAnterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key brain region involved in cognitive control and decision making, is suggested to mediate effort‐ and value‐based decision making, but the specific role of ACC in this process remains debated. Here we used frontal midline theta (FMT) and the reward positivity (RewP) to examine ACC function in a value‐based decision making task requiring physical effort. We investigated whether (1) FMT power is sensitive to the difficulty of the decision or to selecting effortful actions, and (2) RewP is sensitive to the subjective value of reward outcomes as a function of effort investment. On each trial, participants chose to execute a low‐effort or a high‐effort behavior (that required squeezing a hand‐dynamometer) to obtain smaller or larger rewards, respectively, while their brainwaves were recorded. We replicated prior findings that tonic FMT increased over the course of the hour‐long task, which suggests increased application of control in the face of growing fatigue. RewP amplitude also increased following execution of high‐effort compared to low‐effort behavior, consistent with increased valuation of reward outcomes by ACC. Although neither phasic nor tonic FMT were associated with decision difficulty or effort selection per se, an exploratory analysis revealed that the interaction of phasic FMT and expected value of choice predicted effort choice. This interaction suggests that phasic FMT increases specifically under situations of decision difficulty when participants ultimately select a high‐effort choice. These results point to a unique role for ACC in motivating and persisting at effortful behavior when decision conflict is high.
Commitment and discretion in contracts: theory and evidence from retirement plans*
Authors: Kim Jin‐Hyuk , Vikander Nick 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe consider a firm's problem of incentivizing its workforce through relational contracts, when workers effectively face a shorter time horizon due to possible separation shocks. Commitment issues then generate a trade‐off between efficiency and distribution, which affects both performance and profits. Profits under relational contracting can exceed those under formal contracting, despite lower performance, when discounting is moderate, firm bargaining power is weak, and shocks are likely. Using a matched employer–retirement plan dataset, and interpreting discretionary profit‐sharing plans and employee stock ownership plans as relational and formal contracting, respectively, we find some support for our predictions.
Method for continuous multiscale representation of terrain contours using T‐spline technique
Authors: Qian Haoyue , Yang Lin , Zuo Zejun , Wang Yu , Yang Ni , Zhou Shunping , Yang En 
Published: September 2022

AbstractContours are the main graphical element for characterizing three‐dimensional terrain on a topographic map. Continuous multiscale representation of contours is crucial to meet users' needs for detailed information between fixed‐scale contours. Wherein shape of the contour should ideally progressively change as the scale continuously changes. However, the lack of a bridge between scale and shape deformation degrees is an obstacle in obtaining continuous multiscale contours. A novel method for continuous multiscale representation of contour based on T‐spline (CMRTS) is proposed. Multiscale contours are generated through interpolation of the T‐spline and constraint of the relationship between scale and shape similarity. First, a T‐spline surface is established using two fixed‐scale contours. Second, the T‐spline surface intersects a set of horizontal planes with gradual heights to generate intersecting lines. Finally, the quantitative relationship between the scale and shape similarity is determined to align each intersecting line with the corresponding scale and achieve continuous multiscale contours. A case study in Chongqing, China implements and evaluates the proposed method. Results indicate that shape changes of contours generated by CMRTS are more natural and progressive than those by two typical methods. Our method shows high potential and practicability for mapping continuous multiscale contours for real‐world terrain applications.
In vitro efficacy of 0.2% and 0.4% sodium oxychlorosene against meticillin‐resistantStaphylococcus pseudintermedius
Authors: Lake Katlyn M. , Rankin Shelley C. , Rosenkrantz Wayne S. , Sastry Lakshmi , Jacob Megan , Campos Dubra Diaz , Maddock Kelli , Cole Stephen D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need for alternative topical therapies as a consequence of the increased prevalence of meticillin‐resistantStaphylococcus pseudintermedius(MRSP) skin infections in dogs. Sodium oxychlorosene has been used as a topical antibacterial agent in human medicine since 1955.ObjectivesTo determine whether 0.2% and 0.4% sodium oxychlorosene solutions have a bactericidal effect (>3‐log reduction) on MRSP strains isolated from canine skin infections.Methods and materialsA genetically heterogeneous collection of MRSP isolates from dogs was assembled from laboratories across the United States. Time–kill assays were performed with 0.2% and 0.4% sodium oxychlorosene on a 0.5 McFarland standard [approximately 108colony‐forming units (cfu/ml)] suspension of each strain. The average bacterial counts (cfu/ml) of each MRSP strain then were determined at 5, 10, 20 and 60 s after exposure to sodium oxychlorosene; cfu/ml data were converted to log10scale to calculate microbial reduction.ResultsThe average bacterial counts following exposure to the 0.2% solution at 5, 10, 20 and 60 s were 6.94 × 104, 5.63 × 103, 2.96 × 102and 1.48 × 102 cfu/ml, respectively. For the 0.4% solution, the average bacterial count at 5 s was 2.12 × 103 cfu/ml. No bacterial growth was observed for any MRSP strain by 10 s. The greatest reduction in cfu/ml occurred within 5 s following exposure to each solution 3.4‐log and 4.9‐log reduction for 0.2% and 0.4%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance0.2% and 0.4% sodium oxychlorosene solutions have a bactericidal effect (>99.9% reduction) againstMRSPin vitro. Further in vivo studies are necessary to determine whether it is an appropriate alternative therapy for canine pyoderma