bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The VANDELS survey: a measurement of the average Lyman-continuum escape fraction of star-forming galaxies at z = 3.5
Authors: Begley R , Cullen F , McLure R J , Dunlop J S , Hall A , Carnall A C , Hamadouche M L , McLeod D J , Amorín R , Calabrò A , Fontana A , Fynbo J P U , Guaita L , Hathi N P , Hibon P , Ji Z , Llerena M , Pentericci L , Saldana-Lopez A , Schaerer D , Talia M , Vanzella E , Zamorani G 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a study designed to measure the average Lyman-continuum escape fraction (〈fesc〉) of star-forming galaxies at z ≃ 3.5. We assemble a sample of 148 galaxies from the VANDELS spectroscopic survey at 3.35 ≤ zspec ≤ 3.95, selected to minimize line-of-sight contamination of their photometry. For this sample, we use ultra-deep, ground-based, U-band imaging and Hubble Space Telescope V-band imaging to robustly measure the distribution of $\mathcal {R_{\rm obs}}\, =(L_{\rm LyC}/L_{\rm UV})_{\rm obs}$. We then model the $\mathcal {R_{\rm obs}}$ distribution as a function of 〈fesc〉, carefully accounting for attenuation by dust, the intergalactic medium and the circumgalactic medium. A maximum likelihood fit to the $\mathcal {R_{\rm obs}}$ distribution returns a best-fitting value of $\langle f_{\rm esc}\rangle =0.07^{+0.02}_{-0.02}$, a result confirmed using an alternative Bayesian inference technique (both techniques exclude 〈fesc〉 = 0.0 at &gt;3σ). By splitting our sample in two, we find evidence that 〈fesc〉 is positively correlated with Ly α equivalent width (Wλ(Ly α)), with high and low Wλ(Lyα) subsamples returning values of $\langle f_{\rm esc}\rangle =0.12^{+0.06}_{-0.04}$ and $\langle f_{\rm esc} \rangle =0.02^{+0.02}_{-0.01}$, respectively. In contrast, we find evidence that 〈fesc〉 is anticorrelated with intrinsic UV luminosity and UV dust attenuation; with low UV luminosity and dust attenuation subsamples both returning best fits in the range 0.10 ≤ 〈fesc〉 ≤ 0.22. We do not find a clear correlation between fesc and galaxy stellar mass, suggesting stellar mass is not a primary indicator of fesc. Although larger samples are needed to further explore these trends, our results suggest that it is entirely plausible that the low dust, low-metallicity galaxies found at z ≥ 6 will display the 〈fesc〉 ≥ 0.1 required to drive reionization.
Discovery and analysis of three magnetic hot subdwarf stars: evidence for merger-induced magnetic fields
Authors: Pelisoli Ingrid , Dorsch M , Heber U , Gänsicke B , Geier S , Kupfer T , Németh P , Scaringi S , Schaffenroth V 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
Magnetic fields can play an important role in stellar evolution. Among white dwarfs, the most common stellar remnant, the fraction of magnetic systems is more than 20 per cent. The origin of magnetic fields in white dwarfs, which show strengths ranging from 40 kG to hundreds of MG, is still a topic of debate. In contrast, only one magnetic hot subdwarf star has been identified out of thousands of known systems. Hot subdwarfs are formed from binary interaction, a process often associated with the generation of magnetic fields, and will evolve to become white dwarfs, which makes the lack of detected magnetic hot subdwarfs a puzzling phenomenon. Here we report the discovery of three new magnetic hot subdwarfs with field strengths in the range 300–500 kG. Like the only previously known system, they are all helium-rich O-type stars (He-sdOs). We analysed multiple archival spectra of the three systems and derived their stellar properties. We find that they all lack radial velocity variability, suggesting formation via a merger channel. However, we derive higher than typical hydrogen abundances for their spectral type, which are in disagreement with current model predictions. Our findings suggest a lower limit to the magnetic fraction of hot subdwarfs of $0.147^{+0.143}_{-0.047}$ per cent, and provide evidence for merger-induced magnetic fields which could explain white dwarfs with field strengths of 50–150 MG, assuming magnetic flux conservation.
Lags of the kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations in the transient source XTE J1701−462
Authors: Peirano Valentina , Méndez Mariano 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We analysed 14 observations with kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) of the neutron star X-ray binary XTE J1701−462, the first source to show a clear transition between atoll and Z-like behaviour during a single outburst. We calculated the average cross-spectrum of both atoll and Z-phase observations of XTE J1701−462 between a reference-hard band (6.1–25.7 keV) and a subject-soft band (2.1–5.7 keV) to obtain, using a novel technique, the average time lags of the lower and upper kHz QPOs. During the atoll phase, we found that at the frequency of the lower kHz QPO the soft photons lag behind the hard ones by 18 ± 8 $\mu$s, whereas during the Z phase the lags are 33 ± 35 $\mu$s, consistent with zero. This difference in the lags of both phases suggests that in XTE J1701−462, as observed in other sources, the lags decrease with increasing luminosity. We found that for both the atoll and Z-phase observations the fractional rms amplitude increases with energy up to ∼10 keV and remains more or less constant at higher energies. Since these changes in the variability of XTE J1701−462 occur within the same outburst, properties like the mass of the neutron star or the inclination of the system cannot be responsible for the differences in the timing properties of the kHz QPOs in the atoll and Z phase. Here, we suggest that these differences are driven by a Comptonizing component or corona, possibly oscillating in a coupled mode with the innermost regions of the accretion disc.
Overestimated inclinations of Milgromian disc galaxies: the case of the ultradiffuse galaxy AGC 114905
Authors: Banik Indranil , Nagesh Srikanth T , Haghi Hosein , Kroupa Pavel , Zhao Hongsheng 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We present two hydrodynamical star-forming simulations in the Milgromian dynamics (MOND) framework of a gas-rich disc galaxy with properties similar to AGC 114905, which has recently been argued to have a rotation curve (RC) that is inconsistent with the MOND prediction. Our first model considers the galaxy in isolation, while our second model includes an external field of $0.05 \, a_{_0}$, the estimated gravitational field from large-scale structure. We show that isophotes in the face-on view can differ from circular at the 50 per cent level. This could mislead observers into overestimating the inclination i between disc and sky planes. Because RCs require a correction factor of 1/sin i, the actual RC could be much higher than that reported by observers. This plausibly reconciles AGC 114905 with MOND expectations.
A study of flares in the ultra-cool regime from SPECULOOS-South
Authors: Murray C A , Queloz D , Gillon M , Demory B O , Triaud A H M J , de Wit J , Burdanov A , Chinchilla P , Delrez L , Dransfield G , Ducrot E , Garcia L J , Gómez Maqueo Chew Y , Günther M N , Jehin E , McCormac J , Niraula P , Pedersen P P , Pozuelos F J , Rackham B V , Schanche N , Sebastian D , Thompson S J , Timmermans M , Wells R 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a study of photometric flares on 154 low-mass (≤0.2 M⊙) objects observed by the SPECULOOS-South Observatory from 2018 June 1 to 2020 March 23. In this sample, we identify 85 flaring objects, ranging in spectral type from M4 to L0. We detect 234 flares in this sample, with energies between 1029.2 and 1032.7 erg, using both automated and manual methods. With this work, we present the largest photometric sample of flares on late-M and ultra-cool dwarfs to date. By extending previous M dwarf flare studies into the ultra-cool regime, we find M5–M7 stars are more likely to flare than both earlier, and later, M dwarfs. By performing artificial flare injection-recovery tests, we demonstrate that we can detect a significant proportion of flares down to an amplitude of 1 per cent, and we are most sensitive to flares on the coolest stars. Our results reveal an absence of high-energy flares on the reddest dwarfs. To probe the relations between rotation and activity for fully convective stars, we extract rotation periods for fast rotators and lower-bound period estimates of slow rotators. These rotation periods span from 2.2 h to 65 d, and we find that the proportion of flaring stars increases for the most fastest rotators. Finally, we discuss the impact of our flare sample on planets orbiting ultra-cool stars. As stars become cooler, they flare less frequently; therefore, it is unlikely that planets around the most reddest dwarfs would enter the ‘abiogenesis’ zone or drive visible-light photosynthesis through flares alone.
Eculizumab for paediatric patients with atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: full dataset analysis of post-marketing surveillance in Japan
Authors: Ito Shuichi , Hataya Hiroshi , Ashida Akira , Hamada Riku , Ishikawa Tomoaki , Ishikawa Yumiko , Shimono Akihiko , Konomoto Takao , Miyazawa Tomoki , Ogura Masao , Tanaka Kazuki , Kagami Shoji 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Eculizumab was approved for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) in Japan in 2013. Post-marketing surveillance (PMS) was mandated by regulatory authorities to assess the safety and effectiveness of eculizumab in patients with aHUS in a real-world setting.

Methods
Paediatric patients in the PMS cohort who were &lt;18 years of age at the first administration of eculizumab and diagnosed with aHUS [excluding Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli HUS, thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura and secondary thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)] were included in the effectiveness and safety analysis. Clinical endpoints of effectiveness [complete TMA response, TMA event-free status, platelet (PLT) count and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) normalization, serum creatinine (sCr) decrease and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) improvement] were analysed in patients treated with at least one dose of eculizumab. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were also evaluated.

Results
A total of 40 paediatric patients (median age 5 years) were included. The median eculizumab treatment duration was 66 weeks. PLT count, LDH and eGFR significantly improved at 10 days post-treatment. Complete TMA response, haematologic normalization, sCr decrease, eGFR improvement and TMA event-free status were achieved by 73.3%, 73.3%, 70.0%, 78.3% and 77.5% of patients, respectively. Discontinuation criteria were met by 18 patients: 13 patients maintained treatment discontinuation at the end of observation and 5 patients, including 1 patient with aHUS relapse, continued the treatment but extended the treatment interval. During eculizumab treatment, 59 SAEs (0.66/person-year) were reported. Although four deaths were reported, none of them were related to eculizumab.

Conclusion
Eculizumab was well tolerated and effective for paediatric patients with aHUS in the real-world setting in Japan.
Long-term impact of cardiorenal syndromes on major outcomes based on their chronology: a comprehensive French nationwide cohort study
Authors: Halimi Jean-Michel , de Fréminville Jean-Baptiste , Gatault Philippe , Bisson Arnaud , Gueguen Juliette , Goin Nicolas , Sautenet Bénédicte , Maisons Valentin , Herbert Julien , Angoulvant Denis , Fauchier Laurent 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Cardiorenal syndromes (CRSs) are reputed to result in worse prognosis than isolated heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether it is true for all major outcomes over the long-term regardless of CRS chronology (simultaneous, cardiorenal and renocardiac CRS) is unknown.

Methods
The 5-year adjusted risk of major outcomes was assessed in this nationwide retrospective cohort study in all 385 687 with either CKD or HF (out of 5 123 193 patients who were admitted in a French hospital in 2012).

Results
Overall, 84.0% patients had HF and 8.9% had CKD (they had similar age, sex ratio, diabetes and hypertension prevalence), while 7.1% had CRS (cardiorenal: 44.6%, renocardiac: 14.5%, simultaneous CRS: 40.8%).
The incidence of major outcomes was 57.3%, 53.0%, 79.2% for death; 18.8%, 10.9%, 27.5% for cardiovascular death; 52.6%, 34.7%, 64.3% for HF; 6.2%, 5.5%, 5.6% for myocardial infarction (MI); 6.1%, 5.8%, 5.3% for ischaemic stroke; and 23.1%, 4.8%, 16.1% for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) for isolated CKD, isolated HF and CRS, respectively.
As compared with isolated CKD or HF, the risk of death, cardiovascular death and HF was markedly increased in CRS, the worse phenotype being cardiorenal CRS, while the increased risk of MI and ischaemic stroke associated with CRS subtypes was statistically but not clinically significant. As compared with isolated CKD, the risk of ESKD was similar for cardiorenal CRS only and marginally increased for renocardiac and simultaneous CRS. We could not find a synergy between HF and CKD on major clinical outcomes in the whole population (n = 5 123 193 patients).

Conclusions
The additional impact of CRS versus isolated HF or CKD on long-term kidney and cardiovascular risk is highly heterogenous, depending of the event considered and CRS chronology. No synergy between HF and CKD could be demonstrated.
The effect of silver fibre gloves on Raynaud’s phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis: a double-blind randomized crossover trial
Authors: Liem Sophie I E , Hoekstra Eva M , Bonte-Mineur Femke , Magro Checa César , Schouffoer Anne , Allaart Cornelia F , Huizinga Tom W J , Bergstra Sytske Anne , de Vries-Bouwstra Jeska K 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Silver fibre gloves transport heat from the palm to the fingers, possibly reducing the burden of RP in SSc patients. We aim to evaluate the clinical efficiency of this intervention.

Methods
A multicentre, double-blind, randomized trial was performed, accounting for interindividual differences and external factors using a crossover design. Patients were randomized in two groups: group 1 wore 8% silver fibre gloves in period 1 and normal gloves in period 2 and group 2 vice versa. Each period lasted 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the Raynaud Condition Score (RCS) over time (minimal clinical important difference 1.4), assessed three times per week using an online questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included vascular complications and Scleroderma-Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ). Outcomes were evaluated before unblinding using linear mixed models.

Results
A total of 85 SSc patients were included, with 76 completing the study. The mean RCS during 2 weeks before the study (i.e. without gloves) was 6.4 (s.d. 1.6). Both with silver fibre gloves and normal gloves the mean RCS decreased to 3.9 (s.d. 2.3) with a similar course over time. There was no difference in mean RCS over time between the type of gloves [β = 0.067 (95% CI −0.006, 0.19)]. Of secondary outcomes, total SHAQ [β = 0.036 (95% CI 0.026, 0.046)] was slightly higher with silver fibre gloves, which is clinically irrelevant. Three patients developed new digital ulcers with normal gloves vs one patient with silver fibre gloves [odds ratio 3.2 (95% CI 0.32, 31.1)].

Conclusions
Wearing gloves in SSc patients clearly decreases the RP burden. Our results do not support the hypothesis that increased heat transport of 8% silver fibre gloves is associated with less disease burden as measured in this study by the RCS compared with normal gloves.

Clinical trial registration number
Netherlands Trial register (https://www.trialregister.nl/) NL7904
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Lacosamide and Oxcarbazepine for Seizure Control in Children with Newly Diagnosed Solitary Neurocysticercosis
Authors: Sharawat Indar Kumar , Panda Prateek Kumar , Kumar Vinod , Sherwani Poonam 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn newly diagnosed neurocysticercosis (NCC) with seizures, the choice of anti-seizure medication (ASM) seems to be arbitrary due to a lack of comparative studies. Although oxcarbazepine (OXC) is often considered efficacious for focal seizures in NCC, due to adverse effects, newer ASMs like levetiracetam (LCM) and lacosamide are also being explored.MethodsThis study was performed by case record review of children with newly diagnosed solitary viable parenchymal NCC aged 4–18years who received lacosamide and OXC at least for 12 weeks between August 2019 and April 2021, from a prospective registry of a tertiary care teaching hospital in north India. Seizure control, electroencephalographic abnormalities, resolution of inflammatory granulomas and adverse effects were compared between two arms at 12 and 24 weeks.ResultsTotal 31 (8.3 ± 4.7 years, 19 boys) and 72 (8.6 ± 4.2 years, 43 boys) completed at least 12 weeks follow-up in LCM and OXC groups, out of which 2 and 51 completed at least 24 weeks follow-up in LCM and OXC groups, respectively. The occurrence of breakthrough seizure was comparable in both arms at 12 and 24 weeks (1/31 and 2/22 in lacosamide group vs. 2/72 and 4/51 in OXC group, p = 0.66 and 0.59, respectively). Patients receiving OXC had more frequent treatment-emergent adverse events (p = 0.0001) and four patients required discontinuation due to severe adverse events (SAEs), while none in the lacosamide group had SAEs.ConclusionsLacosamide appears to be efficacious and safe for achieving seizure freedom in patients with solitary viable parenchymal neurocysticercosis.
Vaccination in Pediatric Patients with Sickle-Cell Disease: Uptake Report and Mini-Review
Authors: Jarovsky Daniel , Bastos Phillipe Romanzini , de Matos Samantha Faria , Almeida Flávia Jacqueline , Sáfadi Marco Aurélio Palazzi , Hegg Izabella Campos Oliveira , Luporini Silvia Maria , Berezin Eitan Naaman 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Background
Brazil has one of the highest numbers of births with sickle-cell disease (SCD) in the Americas. Despite the risk of severe illnesses and death due to both vaccine-preventable infections, vaccination uptake in pediatric patients with SCD is unknown.

Material and methods
Children under 18 years with SCD presenting to routine medical consultations had their vaccination status evaluated according to the national recommendations. Data obtained were classified as ‘Adequate’, ‘Delayed’ or ‘Missing’ vaccination and compared among age groups.

Results
From 117 children screened, 100 had their vaccination card available. Vaccination coverage of routine vaccines was above 95% for all primary series and both age groups, with varied rates of delays and low missing doses. Among SCD extended vaccination, the most frequently delayed and missed vaccines were those specifically recommended to individuals with SCD as per national guidelines—and particularly those against encapsulated bacteria. Significant and varied rates of missing doses occurred in primary series and booster doses for PPSV23, Hib, menC, hepatitis A and varicella. The average influenza vaccination rate was 69.5%, with higher rates among younger children.

Conclusions
Children with SCD have alarming under-vaccination rates. Basic prevention strategies in Brazil should be reassessed in this specific population.
Cardiac Rehabilitation in Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion
Authors: Wu Yucheng , Lin Jie , Gong Benbingdi , Wang Lichun , Ruan Zhongbao , Xu Kai 
Published: April 2022

Purpose:
Left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion for atrial fibrillation (AF) is an invasive therapy that reduces stroke incidence and death. The impact of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on patients with AF with LAA occlusion remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effects and safety of CR in patients with AF with LAA occlusion.

Methods:
This 6-mo single-center randomized controlled trial compared an exercise-based CR program with a control group. Patients with AF who underwent LAA occlusion from December 2018 to December 2020 were randomized into two groups: exercise-based CR and usual care (control). All patients underwent echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, scale survey, physical function, and exercise capacity at baseline and at 3 and 6 mo follow-up.

Results:
There were 33 and 30 patients in the control and CR groups, respectively, in the final analysis. After the study period, the 6-min walk test distance, handgrip and leg strength, and left ventricular ejection fraction increased significantly in the CR group compared with baseline. Significant between-group differences were found in the mental and physical component summary scales, including all eight subscales, of the Short Form 36. The incidence of incomplete endothelialization in the CR group at 3 and 6 mo was significantly lower than that in the control group.

Conclusions:
Cardiac rehabilitation was shown to accelerate device endothelialization in patients with AF with LAA occlusion, while also improving the quality of life, exercise capacity, and physical function.
Intense 68Ga-FAPI Uptake in a Patient With Myositis Ossificans
Authors: Gong Weidong , Chen Si , He Lei , Liu Wei , Zhang Chunyin 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A 72-year-old man presented with right hip pain, difficulty in walking, and a mass in his right hip for 3 months. CT suggested osteonecrosis of the right femoral head and a mass in the right hip with calcification. A malignancy was suspected, and the patient was subsequently enrolled in the clinical trial of 68Ga-FAPI. 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed a mass in his right hip with intense FAPI activity. It was also highly suggestive of malignancy. The pathological examination after right-hip surgery confirmed the diagnosis of myositis ossificans.
Textbook Outcome as a Quality Metric in Liver Transplantation
Authors: Schenk Austin D. , Han Jing L. , Logan April J. , Sneddon Jeffrey M. , Brock Guy N. , Pawlik Timothy M. , Washburn William K. 
Published: April 2022

Background.
Quality in liver transplantation (LT) is currently measured using 1-y patient and graft survival. Because patient and graft survival rates now exceed 90%, more informative metrics are needed. Textbook outcomes (TOs) describe ideal patient outcomes after surgery. This study critically evaluates TO as a quality metric in LT.

Methods.
United Network for Organ Sharing data for 25 887 adult LT recipients were used to define TO as patient and graft survival >1 y, length of stay ≤10 d, 0 readmissions within 6 mo, absence of rejection, and bilirubin <3 mg/dL between months 2 and 12 post-LT. Univariate analysis identified donor and recipient characteristics associated with TO. Covariates were analyzed using purposeful selection to construct a multivariable model, and impactful variables were incorporated as linear predictors into a nomogram. Five-year conditional survival was tested, and center TO rates were corrected for case complexity to allow for center-level comparisons.

Results.
The national average TO rate is 37.4% (95% confidence interval, 36.8%-38.0%). The hazard ratio for death at 5 y for patients who do not experience TO is 1.22 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.34; P ≤ 0.0001). Our nomogram predicts TO with a C-statistic of 0.68. Center-level comparisons identify 31% of centers as high performing and 21% of centers as below average. High rates of TO correlate only weakly with center volume.

Conclusions.
The composite quality metric of TO after LT incorporates holistic outcome measures and is an important measure of quality in addition to 1-y patient and graft survival.