bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Arabidopsis NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex is required for chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis
Authors: Zhou Jin‐Xing , Su Xiao‐Min , Zheng Si‐Yao , Wu Chan‐Juan , Su Yin‐Na , Jiang Zhaodi , Li Lin , Chen She , He Xin‐Jian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAlthough two Enhancer of Polycomb‐like proteins, EPL1A and EPL1B (EPL1A/B), are known to be conserved and characteristic subunits of the NuA4‐type histone acetyltransferase complex in Arabidopsis thaliana, the biological function of EPL1A/B and the mechanism by which EPL1A/B function in the complex remain unknown. Here, we report that EPL1A/B are required for the histone acetyltransferase activity of the NuA4 complex on the nucleosomal histone H4 in vitro and for the enrichment of histone H4K5 acetylation at thousands of protein‐coding genes in vivo. Our results suggest that EPL1A/B are required for linking the NuA4 catalytic subunits HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE OF THE MYST FAMILY 1（HAM1) and HAM2 with accessory subunits in the NuA4 complex. EPL1A/B function redundantly in regulating plant development especially in chlorophyll biosynthesis and de‐etiolation. The EPL1A/B‐dependent transcription and H4K5Ac are enriched at genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis. We also find that EAF6, another characteristic subunit of the NuA4 complex, contributes to de‐etiolation. These results suggest that the Arabidopsis NuA4 complex components function as a whole to mediate histone acetylation and transcriptional activation specifically at light‐responsive genes and are critical for photomorphogenesis.
A novel dermal delivery system using natural spicules for cosmetics and therapeutics
Authors: Kim Tae Gon , Lee Yoonjin , Kim Min Seo , Lim Jaehong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDermal delivery is versatile in therapeutics as well as cosmetics in pursuit of enhancing safety/efficacy and alleviating pain/fear to alternate oral/injective administrations. Natural siliceous spicules offer a potential approach via simple topical medications to circumvent poor penetrations through the skin barrier by loading, carrying, and releasing the active ingredients in a highly efficient and controlled manner.AimsThe delivery of ingredients loaded on spicules is assessed to improve the dermal efficacy compared to simple topical treatments.MethodsFirst, needle‐like spicules were isolated from natural freshwater sponges. Then, the active ingredient was loaded via liposome formations. Finally, the dermal efficiency was evaluated.ResultsNatural siliceous spicules were purified, sorted, and fully characterized to appear 250 μm of length and 12 μm of diameter on average. A model ingredient, pectolinarin, was efficiently loaded onto the internal space of spicules via lecithin‐based liposome formations. The penetration was visualized using a porcine skin sample with a fluorescent dye and assessed quantitatively by a Franz diffusion cell system. Dermal absorption rate was measured 73.4%, while the percutaneous penetration rate was 2.2%. The release pattern turned out a simple diffusion analyzed by Fick's law and Higuchi model. The liposomes loaded onto spicules were further stabilized by a hydrophobic capsulation, which may benefit the overall efficacy of the ingredient.ConclusionA novel dermal delivery system is beneficial to improve the topical efficacy of biologically active ingredients. The outcomes shed a light upon developing skin‐protective/improving cosmetics and therapeutics with enhanced performance.
Empowering dentists to administer COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: Rojas‐Ramirez Marcia V. , DeVito David M. , McKee Julie W. , Miller Craig S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo detail how the scope of practice of dentistry was expanded in Kentucky allowing dentists to be rapidly mobilize and join a mass vaccination campaign and administer COVID‐19 vaccines to the community.MethodsThe processes involving policy change, an emergency administrative regulation, provider training and community action are detailed.ResultsIn just 21 days from state authorization, dentists from the University of Kentucky organized and trained clinicians to join a mass vaccination effort and provided over 1200 COVID‐19 vaccines to the community.ConclusionsAs essential healthcare workers, Kentucky dentists joined the fight against the COVID‐19 pandemic by participating in a mass vaccination campaign. This communication provides guidance to states, academic institutions, and dentists who are currently in the process of achieving this regulatory change and taking community action. It also provides insights to the benefits of expanding the scope of practice to include vaccination as part of dental services.
Etiology and outcome of extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis: A multi‐institutional retrospective study of 269 dogs
Authors: Ziccardi Christianna , Cohn Leah A. , Janacek Blakeley , Gross Jacklyn , Nafe Laura , Grobman Megan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe magnitude of diagnostic abnormalities can influence the perception of clinical outcome. Extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis (ENL) is an uncommon finding caused by markedly increased granulopoiesis. A lack of recent, large‐scale studies limits our understanding of the importance, causation, and prognosis associated with ENL in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDescribe disease categories (DC) identified in dogs with ENL and identify variables associated with survival. We hypothesized that factors including fever, segmented and band neutrophil counts, and DC would be negatively associated with survival.AnimalsTwo‐hundred sixty‐nine dogs with ENL (segmented neutrophils ≥50 × 103 cells/μL) presented to the veterinary teaching hospitals at Auburn University (n = 164), the University of Missouri (n = 81), and Oklahoma State University (n = 24) between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2019.MethodsRetrospective study. Demographic data and outcome variables including temperature, CBC findings, DC, duration of hospitalization (DOH) and outcome were acquired from the medical record. Statistical analyses included chi‐squared and Kruskal‐Wallis tests, and Pearson product moment correlations with aP < .05 significance level.ResultsMortality was 41%. Survival differed with DC (P = .002). Mortality was higher (P < .05) in dogs with neoplasia (56.2%) vs immune‐mediated disease (20.5%) or tissue damage/necrosis (19%). Weight (P = .001,r = −0.14) and total neutrophil count (P = .04,r = −0.02) were weakly negatively associated with survival whereas DOH was weakly positively associated with survival (P = .03,r = 0.14).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMortality in dogs with ENL is high but differed according to DC. Only weak correlations between clinical or clinicopathologic variables and mortality were identified. Extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis should be interpreted in conjunction with the underlying disease process, and not broadly used to predict clinical outcome.
Characterization of the intrarenal renin‐angiotensin system in cats with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lourenço Bianca N. , Coleman Amanda E. , Berghaus Roy D. , Tarigo Jaime L. , Schmiedt Chad W. , Brown Scott A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe role of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is incompletely understood.ObjectiveTo characterize components of the intrarenal renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) in cats with CKD.AnimalsEleven cats with naturally occurring CKD (CKD group) and 8 healthy control cats.MethodsRenal tissue samples were evaluated by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction for renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor transcript levels, and by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry for quantification of angiotensin I, II, III, and IV concentrations. Linear mixed models were used to compare gene transcript levels and concentrations of angiotensin peptides between groups.ResultsCats of the CKD group were significantly older (P < .001) and more likely to be neutered (P = .007) than healthy control cats. Kidneys from cats with CKD had significantly higher transcript levels of angiotensinogen (P < .001) and lower transcript levels of ACE (P < .001) than those from control cats. Renal angiotensin I concentrations were increased in CKD compared with control kidneys (P = .001). No other significant differences in renal transcript levels or angiotensin peptide concentrations were noted between groups.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe intrarenal RAS might be activated in cats with CKD. Small sample size and differences in age, neuter status, and dietary sodium intake between groups might have limited the ability to identify a significant difference in concentration of renal angiotensin II.
Evaluation of the ability of Pichia guilliermondii to improve growth performance and disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Sealey Wendy M. , Conley Zachariah B. , Hinman Brett T. , O'Neill Thomas J. , Bowzer John , Block Stephanie S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study examined supplementation of a novel yeast product containing Pichia guilliermondii on juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, growth, and disease resistance. In two separate trials, fish (initial weight 6.2 and 10.6 g, respectively), were fed an extruded diet (41% digestible protein and 18% crude lipid) supplemented with 0.3 or 0.6% P. guilliermondii alone or 0.3% P. guilliermondii with a dietary gut supplement at 0.1%. Prior to the end of each trial, a subsample of fish from each tank was exposed by immersion to Yersinia ruckeri (Trial 1) or injection with Flavobacterium pyschrophilum (Trial 2). At the conclusion of the trials, supplementation of either P. guilliermondii or the gut supplement improved growth and food conversion efficiency in rainbow trout when fed for 16‐weeks. No effects of supplementation on mortality were observed. These results suggest potential as functional additives; however, additional investigation regarding the efficacy of whole‐cell and disrupted wall components of P. guilliermondii is needed to better assess their potential effects on rainbow trout immune responses.
Availability of donor milk improves enteral feeding but has limited effect on body growth of infants with very‐low birthweight: Data from a historic cohort study
Authors: Wu Tong , Jiang Ping‐Ping , Luo Ping , Chen You , Liu Xudong , Jiang Yan‐Nan , Ma Liya , Zhou Ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCompare with preterm formula, donor human milk (DM) is associated with a lower risk of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. It is thus deemed superior to preterm formula as the sole diet or supplement to own mother's milk (OMM) for preterm infants, especially for those with very low birthweight (VLBW). This historic cohort study investigated the relationship between DM availability, and enteral feeding, body growth of VLBW infants by comparing two cohorts before and after the establishment of a human milk bank. A sub‐analysis was also conducted between small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) and non‐SGA infants in our cohorts. Our results showed that DM availability was associated with earlier initiation and faster advancement of enteral feeding, earlier attainment of full enteral feeding, and a higher proportion of OMM in enteral feeding. DM availability was also associated with earlier regain of birthweight, but not with better body growth. SGA and non‐SGA infants responded differently to DM availability with only the non‐SGA group showing improved enteral feeding associated with DM availability. The poor growth of VLBW infants with fortified DM warrants further investigations on better fortification strategies to further improve body growth. Studies are also needed on long‐term effects of DM feeding on the development of VLBW infants.
MicroRNA‐203 mediates Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS‐induced inflammation and differentiation of periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Yang Yang , Ren Dongping , Zhao Duo , Zhang Bo , Ye Rui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimIn this study, we aimed to explore the effects of microRNA‐203 (miR‐203) on Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P.g. LPS)‐stimulated periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and identify potential molecular targets for periodontitis treatment.MethodsPeriodontal ligament cells were stimulated by P.g. LPS, followed by quantification of miR‐203 and AP‐1 expression. Next, loss‐ and gain‐of‐function experiments were applied in P.g. LPS‐induced PDLCs. The proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of PDLCs were determined, and mineralized nodule numbers were counted. Functional assays were used to identify interactions among miR‐203, activator protein‐1 (AP‐1), and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1). In addition, expression of osteogenesis‐related genes and release of proinflammatory factors were analyzed.ResultsmiR‐203 was found to be downregulated while AP‐1 was upregulated in PDLCs stimulated by P.g. LPS. The overexpression of miR‐203 promoted P.g. LPS‐stimulated PDLC proliferation and differentiation, inhibited apoptosis, and increased the number of mineralized nodules. miR‐203 was verified to downregulate AP‐1/ICAM‐1 axis. miR‐203 overexpression reduced the secretion of proinflammatory factors while increasing the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes in P.g. LPS‐stimulated PDLCs, which was reversed by overexpressing AP‐1 and ICAM‐1.ConclusionThese experimental data demonstrated the potential inhibitory effects of overexpressed miR‐203 on periodontitis development by promoting PDLC differentiation and suppressing inflammatory responses through AP‐1/ICAM‐1 axis.
Nlrp5 and Tle6 expression patterns in buffalo oocytes and pre‐implantation embryos
Authors: Huang Xingchen , Sun Qinqiang , Chen Dongrong , Yang Weihan , Zhang Junjun , Liu Runfeng , Zhang Pengfei , Huang Liangfeng , Zhang Ming , Fu Qiang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMaternal‐effect genes (MEGs) accumulate in oocytes during oogenesis and mediate the pre‐implantation embryo developmental programme until activation of the zygote genome. Nlrp5 and Tle6 are required for normal pre‐implantation and embryonic development. However, the precise function of these MEGs in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to characterize Nlrp5 and Tle6 sequences and analyse their mRNA and protein expression patterns in somatic tissues, oocytes and pre‐implantation embryos of buffalo. The coding sequences of each gene were successfully cloned and characterized. Real‐time quantitative reverse transcription PCR results revealed an absence of Nlrp5 or Tle6 transcripts in somatic tissues, with the exception of ovary. Expression levels of Nlrp5 and Tle6 in oocytes increased from the germinal vesicle stage to metaphase II stage and then gradually decreased during morula and blastocyst stages. Protein expression patterns were confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis. This study lays a foundation for further validation of the function of MEGs in buffalo.
Sonophoresis with ultrasound‐responsive liquid‐core nuclei for transdermal drug delivery
Authors: Park Donghee , Won Jongho , Lee Gyounjung , Lee Yongheum , Kim Chul‐Woo , Seo Jongbum 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSonophoresis can increase the delivery efficiency of various drugs into the skin. A recent advance in sonophoresis is the use of ultrasound‐responsive liquid‐core nuclei (URLN) to increase the probability of cavitation. In this study, we developed a URLN and ultrasound device, and demonstrated its effectiveness through in vitro and clinical tests.Materials and methodsThree types of experiments were designed to evaluate the efficiency of sonophoresis with URLN. First, a Franz diffusion cell with cosmetic ingredients was used to analyze quantitatively the amount of drug delivered to the porcine skin. Second, after the application of sonophoresis with URLN, the porcine skin surface was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to see the changes in morphology. Finally, a clinical test was performed to verify the utility of sonophoresis with URLN.ResultsThe results indicate that sonophoresis with URLN can increase the amount of compound delivered by approximately 11.9‐fold over 6 h for niacinamide and by 7.33‐fold over 6 h for adenosine. In addition, we observed approximately 20–30 μm sized pores on porcine skin in SEM images. In clinical testing, the application of sonophoresis with cosmetics containing URLN for 3 min improved the efficiency of transdermal drug delivery by 1.9‐fold, the depth of absorption by 2.0‐fold, and the speed of absorption by 2.0‐fold at 30 min after application.ConclusionWe expect that sonophoresis with specialized URLN in transdermal drug delivery could be used widely for various skin‐related applications.
Dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, and fluorescence staining for the noninvasive diagnosis of crusted scabies
Authors: Zhang Li‐wen , Li Cong‐hui , Shen Xue , Fu Li‐xin , Chen Tao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA 91‐year‐old woman presented with a 3‐month history of [extensive](javascript:;) cutaneous lesions with intense pruritus. She lived in a nursing home for a long time. Physical examination revealed a generalized erythematous and scaly rash with intense hyperkeratotic lesions on the neck, trunk, and limbs. Dermoscopy showed a sinuous burrow filled with white dot eggs and feces on the hand with a mite at the end of the burrow. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) manifested a sinuous burrow and a mite. The presence of mites was confirmed with fluorescence staining. The patient was diagnosed with crusted scabies and started treatment with 10% sulfur ointment. Her lesions and pruritus were resolved after 2 weeks.
Expression of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast diacylglycerol acyltransferase 3 is induced by light in concert with triacylglycerol accumulation
Authors: Carro María de las Mercedes , Gonorazky Gabriela , Soto Débora , Mamone Leandro , Bagnato Carolina , Pagnussat Luciana A. , Beligni María Verónica 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYConsiderable progress has been made towards the understanding of triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in algae. One key aspect is finding conditions that trigger TAG production without reducing cell division. Previously, we identified a soluble diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), related to plant DGAT3, with heterologous DGAT activity. In this work, we demonstrate that Chlamydomonas reinhardtii DGAT3 localizes to the chloroplast and that its expression is induced by light, in correspondence with TAG accumulation. Dgat3 mRNAs and TAGs increase in both wild‐type and starch‐deficient cells grown with acetate upon transferring them from dark or low light to higher light levels, albeit affected by the particularities of each strain. The response of dgat3 mRNAs and TAGs to light depends on the pre‐existing levels of TAGs, suggesting the existence of a negative regulatory loop in the synthesis pathway, although an effect of TAG turnover cannot be ruled out. Altogether, these results hint towards a possible role of DGAT3 in light‐dependent TAG accumulation in C. reinhardtii.
Collection and administration of blood products in horses: Transfusion indications, materials, methods, complications, donor selection, and blood testing
Authors: Radcliffe Rolfe M. , Bookbinder Lauren C. , Liu Sharon Y. , Tomlinson Joy E. , Cook Vanessa L. , Hurcombe Samuel D. A. , Divers Thomas J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundBlood transfusion is a lifesaving treatment for horses with acute hemorrhage and other causes of anemia. Transfusions improve oxygen delivery to the tissues via increased blood volume and hemoglobin concentration. Certain aspects of equine blood transfusion are challenging, especially in the field situation, and practitioners may be unfamiliar or feel overwhelmed with the process. An understanding of the indications, materials, methods, and techniques as well as donor selection and possible complications will help practitioners successfully implement blood transfusion in clinical practice.ProceduresBlood transfusion involves several steps including appropriate donor selection, cross‐matching, blood collection, and administration, as well as monitoring and handling of transfusion reactions. Guidance for each of these steps are detailed in this review.SummaryBlood transfusion is an effective and often lifesaving treatment for managing diseases of blood loss, hemolysis, and decreased RBC production. Equine practitioners require a thorough understanding of the indications for blood transfusion, the immunological principles behind compatibility testing and transfusion reactions, and the technical skills to aseptically collect and administer blood productsKey pointsEquine practitioners require a thorough understanding of the indications for blood transfusion, the immunological principles behind compatibility testing and transfusion reactions, and the technical skills to aseptically collect and administer blood products.Because there are over 400,000 possible equine RBC phenotypes, no universal donor exists, and some blood type incompatibilities are likely between any donor and recipient. Therefore, prior to any blood transfusion, donor and recipient blood should be cross‐matchedInadequate delivery of oxygen (Do2) to the tissues, resulting from low hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, is the most important indication for blood transfusionNeonatal isoerythrolysis most commonly occurs following an anamnestic response in late gestation; it rarely occurs following a primary exposure because the immune response is not strong enough to produce clinically significant alloantibody titers.
The influence of leukoreduction on the acute transfusion‐related complication rate in 455 dogs receiving 730 packed RBCs: 2014–2017
Authors: Davidow Elizabeth B. , Montgomery Heather , Mensing Michelle 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the influence of prestorage leukoreduction of packed RBCs (pRBCs) on acute transfusion‐related complication rate in dogs.SettingTwo private referral hospitals.DesignRetrospective case study.AnimalsFour hundred and fifty‐five dogs receiving nonleukoreduced (nLR) or leukoreduced (LR) pRBC between January 1, 2014 and July 31, 2017.Measurements and Main ResultsTransfusions were retrospectively reviewed to record data about the patient, donor, unit, transfusion event, acute complications, hospital discharge, and cause of death. Of 730 transfusion events in 455 dogs, 288 used LR pRBC and 442 used nLR pRBC. There was a 18.9% (138/730) overall complication rate. Seven (0.96%) complications were life‐threatening. The most common complications were pyrexia (5.6%), gastrointestinal signs (4.9%), and hemolysis with no other signs (4.1%). Pyrexia with no other clinical signs, consistent with a febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR), occurred in 3.2% of transfusion events. There was a significant (P = 0.03) decrease in the rate of FNHTR with LR pRBC (1%) versus nLR pRBC (4.5%). Use of LR pRBC did not decrease in‐hospital mortality. The odds of any complication, hemolysis only, FNHTR, and more severe complications increased with pRBC age. Leukoreduction did not decrease the impact of pRBC age on these complications. Use of older pRBC did not increase the incidence of life‐threatening complications or mortality. Dogs receiving pRBC for blood loss were more likely to have gastrointestinal and more severe complications than those dogs that had hemolysis. The effect of pRBC unit age on complications was not influenced by the underlying reason for transfusion. Dogs that received a previous transfusion were more likely to have respiratory complications.ConclusionIn this study, the use of LR pRBC was associated with a decreased rate of FNHTR but no other complications. Unit age was associated with the incidence of hemolysis, FNHTR, and complication severity but not the rate of life‐threatening complications or mortality.