bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reframing rurality: the impact of Airbnb on second-home communities in Wales and Sweden.
Authors: Adie Bailey Ashton , de Bernardi Cecilia , Amore Alberto 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

This chapter presents evidence from two established second-home destinations (Snowdonia in the UK and the Dalarna region in Sweden), where the proliferation of properties listed on Airbnb is currently contributing to the reframing of the existing rural landscape. This study suggests that there is a separate but connected layer of spatial interaction inherent in these rural environments, which is mediated by the perceptions of rural space of the three user groups: (i) primary residents; (ii) second homeowners; and (iii) Airbnb users. This chapter argues that the influence of peer-to-peer (P2P) platforms within these mixed-use communities injects an additional level of spatial interaction and conceptualization of rurality. Based on the findings from this study, it is noted that Airbnb guests' perceptions of rurality are similar to those of other rural tourists, but this is also influenced by the local hosts and wider rural community. Understanding how these users perceive the rural space is essential to the development of resilient rural communities as consensus is critical for resilience planning.
Assessment of milk fermentation process at three temperatures using laser speckle technique
Authors: Koley Chhanda , Nirala Anil Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This research work contains information on speckle activity at different stages of the milk fermentation process at temperatures of 24 °C, 32 °C and 40 °C, using the dynamic laser speckle technique for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Image processing algorithms such as inertia moment (IM), the absolute value of differences, the probability mass function of regular difference, spatial-temporal speckle correlation and 3D graphs of spectral images have been applied to show the speckle activity of the samples. All the methods show that the speckle activity of the sample is higher at the semisolid stage than at the liquid stage of the sample. Also, higher speckle activity of the curd has been observed at 40 °C (11 576.18 using IM) than at 32 °C (8550.92 using IM), followed by that at 24 °C (4855.88 using IM). At 40 °C, the thermal motion of curd particles is higher than that of the curd particles at the other two temperatures, and are responsible for the higher speckle activity. The preparation time for curd at 40 °C (5 h) is lower in comparison to the curds at 24 °C (10 h) and 32 °C (6 h). The lowest value for the titratable acidity of the curd prepared at 24 °C shows a lower % lactic acid than the curd at 32 °C and that at 40 °C. The lowest value of susceptibility to syneresis of the curd at 40 °C (30.00) represents a more compact curd than the curds at 32 °C (37.50) and 24 °C (45.00). The horizontal speckle grain size of the curd has been calculated using an autocovariance function; the highest is for curd fermented at 40 °C (12.34 μm), followed by that at 32 °C (11.59 μm), then that at 24 °C (10.96 μm).
Tight focusing of high-order polarized anomalous vortex beam
Authors: Xu Menghua , Qin Yali , Ji Kailai , Zhang Hongshun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Based on the vector Debye theory, the tight focusing properties of a high-order polarized anomalous vortex (HPAV) beam are studied. The corresponding mathematical expressions of the HPAV beam are derived theoretically. We accomplish the inner and outer gear shapes of the focusing intensity where the number of the gear tooth can be modulated by polarization order. The results show that the focusing gear intensity can be flexibly modulated by initial polarization azimuth which may determine the trapping effects. Various charming focusing field patterns can be used to capture two kinds of different refractive indices particles simultaneously. The compactness of the intensity distribution can be freely adjusted by the HPAV beam topological charges and polarization order. The focal spot size, which is far beyond the Rayleigh diffraction limitation can be achieved. It may be expected to have potential applications in optical microscopy, imaging, optical telecommunication and other fields.
Identifying the origins of Tianhuang stones based on Raman spectroscopy and pattern recognition algorithms
Authors: Liu Tianyuan , Kong Lili , Lin Lulu , Xu Huidi , Zhou Zhengyu , Huang Meizhen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a non-destructive and efficient method for identifying gemstones of the same species based on Raman spectroscopy and pattern recognition algorithms was developed. Tianhuang stones from different origins (Shoushan (SS), Changhua (CH), and Laos (LA)) with similar composition and structure were investigated and analyzed. Raman spectra were collected by a self-developed portable Raman spectrometer. Combined with pattern recognition methods, the subtle differences between the three types of Tianhuang stones were comprehensively analyzed. Principal component analysis–latent Dirichlet allocation was used to predict the feasibility of distinguishing SS, CH, and LA Tianhuang stones by Raman spectra. Random forest analysis method was applied to establish SS/CH and SS/LA models to distinguish SS from CH and LA. The selection of characteristic variables and determination of the number of growing trees was discussed. Also, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the two models were calculated. The potential of this method for rapid and non-destructive identification of Tianhuang stones was proved. The feasibility and effectiveness of Raman spectroscopy combined with the pattern recognition method in identifying gemstones of the same species with similar composition were proved.
Quantum simulation of the photodissociation cross section of the NaH molecule
Authors: Guo Qianqian , Hu Jin-Wei , Qi Jianjun , Yu Jie , Han Yong-Chang 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The photodissociation cross section of the NaH molecule from the ground state X1Σ+ to the excited state B1Π is calculated by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with the consideration of two sets of potential energy curves (PECs). It is found that by using PECs, the maximum photodissociation cross section, the corresponding photon energy, and the effective range of photon energy which can result in the cross section greater than 0.1 Å2 all vary significantly. These differences are ascribed to the variations of the PECs, the vertical excitation energy, the vibrational wavefunction of the X1Σ+ state, and the Franck–Condon factors, etc. These findings provide a deep insight into the spectrum of the NaH molecule and are expected to inspire further relevant investigations in experiment and theory.
Reliability analysis for the power system of the nuclear ship Savannah
Authors: Jiang H , Peng C H , Xiao J 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The power system, including the power transmission, distribution, and support system, is one of the largest and most complex systems established by humans. In addition to the normal considerations of power plants on board, the design of nuclear power merchant ships is also based on the need for uninterruptible power supplies. Based on the relevant data of the nuclear power ship “Savannah,” the qualitative and quantitative analysis is performed using the fault tree analysis method to analyze the reliability of its power system. The probability of basic events in certain accident conditions is evaluated according to the literature survey. In addition, this study also examines the common cause failure of diesel generators in the power system, as well as the analysis of sensitivity and importance of basic events. The installation of primary, auxiliary, and emergency power stations, the use of automated equipment for generator synchronization and power conversion, and the application of special internal communication and alarm systems unique to nuclear-powered ships can effectively eliminate the possibility of complete power outages for Savannah.
Study on soot oxidation activity of ethylene/methane laminar diffusion flame
Authors: Gu M Y , Zhu Y H , Cheng B , Zhang F , Wang Y , Lin Y Y 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
the soot oxidation characteristics and oxidation mechanism of ethylene flame with different methane mixing ratios were studied by thermogravimetric analyzer and oxidation reaction kinetics analysis. The conclusions are as follows: in the process of programmed temperature rise, there is almost no loss in the quality of soot particles below 450 °C; With the increasing temperature, the mass of soot particles began to decrease when the temperature exceeded 500 °C; When the temperature exceeds 750 °C, the mass of soot particles is close to zero; With the increase of flame height, the thermogravimetric curve of soot first shifts to high temperature and then to low temperature; The activation energy of soot is closely related to its oxidation process, and decreases first and then increases with the deepening of soot oxidation; The mixing of methane promotes the rise of soot ignition temperature and burnout temperature, and the minimum activation energy of soot decreases at low flame height and increases at high flame height.
Ignoring variation in wood density drives substantial bias in biomass estimates across spatial scales
Authors: Sæbø Jørgen S , Socolar Jacob B , Sánchez Edicson P , Woodcock Paul , Bousfield Christopher G , Uribe Claudia A M , Edwards David P , Haugaasen Torbjørn 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rapid development of remote sensing and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology has refined estimates of tree architecture and extrapolation of biomass across large spatial scales. Yet, current biomass maps show significant discrepancies and mismatch to independent ground data. A potential obstacle to accurate biomass estimation is the loss of information on wood density, which can vary at local and regional scales, in the extrapolation process. Here we investigate if variation in wood specific gravity (WSG) substantially impacts the distribution of above-ground biomass (AGB) across a range of scales from local plots to large regions. We collected wood cores and measured tree volume in 341 forest sites across large altitudinal and climatic gradients in Colombia. At all spatial scales, variation in WSG was substantial compared to variation in volume. Imputing study-wide average values of WSG induced regional biases in AGB estimates of almost 30%, consequently undervaluing the difference between forest areas of low and high average wood density. Further, neither stem size nor climate usefully predicted WSG when accounting for spatial dependencies among our sampling plots. These results suggest that remote sensing- and LiDAR-based projections to biomass estimates can be considerably improved by explicitly accounting for spatial variation in WSG, necessitating further research on the spatial distribution of WSG and potential environmental predictors to advance efficient and accurate large-scale mapping of biomass.
The hypersimplex canonical forms and the momentum amplituhedron-like logarithmic forms
Authors: Łukowski Tomasz , Stalknecht Jonah 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this paper we provide a formula for the canonical differential form of the hypersimplex Δ
k,n
for all n and k. We also study the generalization of the momentum amplituhedron

M

n
,
k

to m = 2, which has been conjectured to share many properties with the hypersimplex, and we provide counterexamples for these conjectures. Nevertheless, we find interesting momentum amplituhedron-like logarithmic differential forms in the m = 2 version of the spinor helicity space, that have the same singularity structure as the hypersimplex canonical forms.
The potency of fern stem as the carbon material for clay-based ceramic filter
Authors: Ciawi Yenni , Made Alit Karyawan Salain I , Agung Gede Sutapa Anak 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The provision of clean water is still a very serious problem in some places. Many times, water is available in abundant quantities but the quality does not meet human needs. On the other hand, there is a lot of locally available raw materials available for producing ceramic filters which in turn can be used to produce clean water from polluted water. The wild and domesticated fern grows widely in Southeast Asia. The stem can be used as the carbon material for producing filters. This study aims to utilize the fern stem as indigenous material to produce an affordable, easy to use, robust clay base water filter for the less advantaged communities. Chopped fern stem mixed with clay in several compositions (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% clay), shaped to produce 2 cm thick biscuits with 10 cm diameter, and dried for one week at room temperature and then fired at 9000C overnight. It was found that biscuits with 50% and 60% clay can be used as filters and filter with 50% clay produced filtrate with a better quality which meets the Indonesian standards for class two water which is water for drinking but not potable water. Therefore the fernstem is a potential raw material for ceramic filter production.
Analysis of non-ionized substance losses in experiments on plasma mass separation
Authors: USMANOV R A , ANTONOV N N , GAVRIKOV A V , LIZIAKIN G D , MELNIKOV A D , OILER A P , SMIRNOV V P , TIMIRKHANOV R A , VOLKOV L S , VORONA N A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plasma mass separation requires a lot of diagnostic techniques that not only demonstrate the separation effect but also show the efficiency of the process. During the test experiments, plasma flux to be separated may contain neutral particles that avoid the separation process due to their insensitivity to electromagnetic field. We present the diagnostics of the lost substance in experiments on plasma mass separation. The obtained data of the diagnostics helps determine the law of particle evaporation from the plasma source. We show that neutral flux is unable to distort the result of separation diagnostics. The presented approach can be used in experiments aimed at enhancing the separation effect and achieving target productivity for industry applications.
Drainage reversal with no lineage expansion, a case of competitive exclusion? The genetics ofGalaxias maculatusin two connected trans-Andean systems
Authors: Tymoshuk Kristen M , Delgado M Lisette , Mccracken Gregory R , Alonso Marcelo , Górski Konrad , Habit Evelyn , Ruzzante Daniel E 
Published: March 2022

AbstractUnderstanding how historical and contemporary processes lead to genetic differentiation among populations is a fundamental goal of evolutionary and conservation biology. This study focuses on Galaxias maculatus, a widely distributed fish exhibiting diadromous and freshwater resident forms. We examine the genetic differentiation among resident populations from the Manso River System, a trans-Andean system which thus went through drainage reversal following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and resident and diadromous populations from the connected Puelo River that drains into the Pacific Ocean. Single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers revealed that resident populations from the Manso River System are genetically distinguishable from the diadromous and resident populations from the Puelo River. This suggests that G. maculatus from the Manso River System likely colonized the area from a glacial refugium east of the Andes and did not expand downstream during drainage reversal, whereas the populations from the Puelo River colonized the area from glacial refugia west of the Andes. The populations from the Manso River exhibited lower genetic diversity than the Puelo River populations. Galaxias maculatus resident populations in Patagonia are decreasing due to anthropogenic factors. The Manso River System resident populations are susceptible to these factors and may show further decreases in genetic diversity.
Surgery due to Inflammatory Bowel Disease During Pregnancy: Mothers and Offspring Outcomes From an ECCO Confer Multicentre Case Series [Scar Study]
Authors: Chaparro María , Kunovský Lumír , Aguas Mariam , Livne Moran , Rivière Pauline , Bar-Gil Shitrit Ariella , Myrelid Pär , Arroyo Maite , Barreiro-de Acosta Manuel , Bautista Michelle , Biancone Livia , Biron Irit Avni , Boysen Trine , Carpio Daniel , Castro Beatriz , Dragoni Gabriele , Ellul Pierre , Holubar Stefan D , de Jorge Miguel Ángel , Leo Eduardo , Manceñido Noemí , Moens Annick , Molnár Tamás , Ramírez de la Piscina Patricia , Ricanek Petr , Sebkova Ladislava , Sempere Laura , Teich Niels , Gisbert Javier P , Julsgaard Mette 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Aims
i] To evaluate the evolution of pregnancies and offspring after inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] surgery during pregnancy; and ii] to describe the indications, the surgical techniques, and the frequency of caesarean section concomitant with surgery.

Methods
Patients operated on due to IBD during pregnancy after 1998 were included. Participating clinicians were asked to review their databases to identify cases. Data on patients’ demographics, IBD characteristics, medical treatments, IBD activity, pregnancy outcomes, surgery, delivery, and foetal and maternal outcomes, were recorded.

Results
In all, 44 IBD patients were included, of whom 75% had Crohn’s disease; 18% of the surgeries were performed in the first trimester, 55% in the second, and 27% in the third trimester. One patient had complications during surgery, and 27% had postsurgical complications. No patient died. Of deliveries, 70% were carried out by caesarean section. There were 40 newborns alive. There were four miscarriages/stillbirths [one in the first, two in the second, and one in the third trimester]; two occurred during surgery, and another two occurred 2 weeks after surgery; 14% of the surgeries during the second trimester and 64% of those in the third trimester ended up with a simultaneous caesarean section or vaginal delivery. Of the 40 newborns, 61% were premature and 47% had low birth weight; 42% of newborns needed hospitalisation [25% in the intensive care unit].

Conclusions
IBD surgery during pregnancy remains an extremely serious situation. Therefore, surgical management should be performed in a multidisciplinary team, involving gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, obstetricians, and neonatal specialists.
A computationally grounded logic of awareness
Authors: Lorini Emiliano , Song Pengfei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We introduce a multi-agent logic of explicit, implicit belief and awareness with a semantics using belief bases. The novelty of our approach is that an agent’s awareness is not a primitive but is directly computed from the agent’s belief base. We prove soundness and completeness of the logic relative to the belief base semantics. Furthermore, we provide a polynomial embedding of the logic of propositional awareness into it and a polynomial embedding of our logic into the logic of general awareness. Thanks to the latter embedding, we show that the satisfiability checking problem for our logic is PSPACE complete. Finally, we extend it by the notions of public announcement and private belief expansion.
Physical and financial impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbate knee pain: A longitudinal study of a large-scale general population
Authors: Morita Yugo , Ito Hiromu , Kawaguchi Shuji , Nishitani Kohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kuriyama Shinichi , Sekine Yoshihiro , Tabara Yasuharu , Matsuda Fumihiko , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the changes in knee pain, a dominant cause of physical disability, following the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and to identify factors affecting the changes in knee pain.MethodsWe analysed the pre- and post-COVID-19 longitudinal data set of the Nagahama Study. Knee pain was assessed using the Knee Society Score (KSS). The estimated KSS from the age and sex using regression model in the pre- and post-COVID-19 data set was compared. Factors including the activity score, educational level, and various impacts of COVID-19 were analysed for correlation analyses with changes in KSS.ResultsData collected from 6409 participants showed statistically significant differences in KSS, pre- (mean = 22.0; SD = 4.4) and post-COVID-19 (mean = 19.5; SD = 6.4). Low activity score (p = .008), low educational level (p &lt; .001), and undesirable financial impact (p = .030) were independently associated with knee pain exacerbation.ConclusionThe harmful effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on knee pain were suggested. People should be encouraged to engage in physical activities, such as walking, despite the state of emergency. Furthermore, social support for economically disadvantaged groups may improve healthcare access, preventing the acute exacerbations of knee pain.
Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia and Febrile Neutropenia in the US: A Beast of Burden That Needs to Be Tamed?
Authors: Boccia Ralph , Glaspy John , Crawford Jeffrey , Aapro Matti 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN) are common complications of myelosuppressive chemotherapy. This review provides an up-to-date assessment of the patient and cost burden of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia/FN in the US, and summarizes recommendations for FN prophylaxis, including the interim guidance that was recommended during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This review indicates that neutropenia/FN place a significant burden on patients in terms of hospitalizations and mortality. Most patients with neutropenia/FN presenting to the emergency department will be hospitalized, with an average length of stay of 6, 8, and 10 days for elderly, pediatric, and adult patients, respectively. Reported in-hospital mortality rates for neutropenia/FN range from 0.4% to 3.0% for pediatric patients with cancer, 2.6% to 7.0% for adults with solid tumors, and 7.4% for adults with hematologic malignancies. Neutropenia/FN also place a significant cost burden on US healthcare systems, with average costs per neutropenia/FN hospitalization estimated to be up to $40 000 for adult patients and $65 000 for pediatric patients. Evidence-based guidelines recommend prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs), which have been shown to reduce FN incidence while improving chemotherapy dose delivery. Availability of biosimilars may improve costs of care. Efforts to decrease hospitalizations by optimizing outpatient care could reduce the burden of neutropenia/FN; this was particularly pertinent during the COVID-19 pandemic since avoidance of hospitalization was needed to reduce exposure to the virus, and resulted in the adaptation of recommendations to prevent FN, which expanded the indications for G-CSF and/or lowered the threshold of use to &gt;10% risk of FN.
DOSE-RATE EFFECT OF RADIATION ON RAT MAMMARY CARCINOGENESIS AND AN EMERGING ROLE FOR STEM CELL BIOLOGY
Authors: Imaoka Tatsuhiko , Nishimura Mayumi , Daino Kazuhiro , Hosoki Ayaka , Kudo Ken-ichi , Iizuka Daisuke , Nagata Kento , Takabatake Masaru , Nishimura Yukiko , Kokubo Toshiaki , Morioka Takamitsu , Doi Kazutaka , Shimada Yoshiya , Kakinuma Shizuko 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The uncertain cancer risk of protracted radiation exposure at low dose rates is an important issue in radiological protection. Tissue stem/progenitor cells are a supposed origin of cancer and may contribute to the dose-rate effect on carcinogenesis. The authors have shown that female rats subjected to continuous whole body γ irradiation as juveniles or young adults have a notably reduced incidence of mammary cancer as compared with those irradiated acutely. Experiments using the mammosphere formation assay suggested the presence of radioresistant progenitor cells. Cell sorting indicated that basal progenitor cells in rat mammary gland were more resistant than luminal progenitors to killing by acute radiation, especially at high doses. Thus, the evidence indicates a cell-type-dependent inactivation of mammary cells that manifests only at high acute doses, implying a link to the observed dose-rate effect on carcinogenesis.