bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Bandwidth Optimization for Vertical Handoff using Hybrid Cuckoo Search and Genetic Algorithm Scheme
Authors: Khurana Preeti , Jha Keshav , Gupta Akhil 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Future remote systems should have the option to handle the gain in a different system state. One of the most of the time tried issues for coordination is the vertical handoff, which is an option to handoff portable hubs between different systems. While customary handoff codes are based on quality checks, vertical handoffs must assess additional factors, for example, funding costs, proposed governance, systematic location, and customer learning. In this paper, some improvements are proposed for the implementation of vertical handoff option calculations aimed at increasing the nature of the administration experienced by each customer. Firstly, talk about the idea of alignment-based handoff is done. At that point, cost efficiency can be achieved by sending decisions on the target systems depending on the classification of the customer and the measurements provided by the system. Finally, a demonstration investigation suggests that the proposed reforms can achieve significant gains like governance and the productive use of assets. In the present work, two other half-schemes are proposed using the cuckoo search calculation and the genealogical calculation. In the two mixing plots, the calculation consists of two steps: the primary stage, which examines the location of the cuckoo search (CS), or the genetic algorithm (GA). In the subsequent stage, to improve worldwide pursuit and dispose of catching into a few neighbourhood optima is done. Reproducibility results and testing with old-time CS and GA calculations confirm the feasibility of the proposed computation in designing various benchmark correction capabilities.
Cause Effect Analysis of Ecological Pollutants on Internal Physique of Human Subjects Using Radial Recurrent Neural Network Approach
Authors: Pimpale Y , Gupta S , Kanday R 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Globally, ecosystems are changing at an unprecedented rate. Ecosystem management include natural resources and the biophysical environment, but it also requires consideration of all anthropogenic aspects, including social, economic, and cultural factors. Environmental factors are thought to be responsible for almost half of the worldwide burden of disease. Ecosystem changes are increasingly recognized as having an impact on human health and playing an important part in the onset and re-emergence of an expanding variety of diseases. Ecological and environmental Imbalances negatively affect on human health, food security and global economic geopolitical stability. In this study, a cohort-based data set of Ecological pollutants and Physiological signals such as ECG and anthropogenic data of human subjects were extracted from Maharashtra. A hazard ratio based on neural networks was developed and found to be deplorable in both the unhealthy and healthy categories of human individuals. This research is crucial in shedding insight on the influence of interactions between natural and anthropogenic variables on human health. Such initiatives might contribute to a better knowledge of the human health consequences of accelerated environmental change, as well as better decision-making in the fields of environmental conservation, public health policy, and new management framework designs.
Tunable propagation of waveguide mode by incident spin states in multi-channel metal waveguide
Authors: Zhao Li-Ming , Zhou Yun-Song 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The control of scattering light direction by incident spin state offers a desirable and novel development opportunity for the nano optics and integrated optical devices. Here, the controllable propagation of light in multi-channel metal waveguide is investigated by analyzing and applying the symmetry between the light source and the system based on the component wave interference theory. The composite electric and magnetic dipoles are used to drive the selective scattering in a four-channel structure. We found that it is a very convenient and intuitive method to obtain the selective propagation direction by considering the symmetry. We also reveal that the spin-momentum locking is only the eigen property of the optical system, instead of the origin of unidirectionality.
Influence of different curing conditions on water absorption of cement-based materials under dry and wet cycles
Authors: Xuebing Wang , Shengbo Guo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
As the main structural material of a subway, the precast concrete segment is produced under the steam-curing condition, and frequently experienced dry–wet cycles environment. In this study, steam-curing and dry–wet cycling methods were used to simulate the water absorption process of cement-based materials under special circumstances. The results showed that the water absorption in cement-based materials decreased with an increase in the number of dry–wet cycles. Based on a micro-analysis, the proportion of large capillary pores (dimension >0.1 μm) in the steam-cured mortar increased during the water absorption process with the increase in the number of dry–wet cycles compared with the standard cured mortar. Through thermodynamic and kinetics analysis, the mechanism and model were calculated to explain the component transformation mechanism of cement-based materials under dry and wet cycles.
Healthcare for older adults in North America: challenges, successes and opportunities
Authors: Little Milta O , Morley John E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Older adults in North America face similar challenges to successful ageing as other adults around the world, including an increased risk of geriatric syndromes and functional decline, limited access to healthcare professionals specialising in geriatrics and constraints on healthcare spending for Long-Term Services and Supports. Geriatrics as a specialty has long been established, along with the creation of a variety of screening tools for early identification of geriatric syndromes. Despite this, workforce shortages in all older adult care service areas have led to significant gaps in care, particularly in community settings. To address these gaps, innovative programs that expand the reach of geriatric specialists and services have been developed. Opportunities exist for further dissemination of these programs and services, as well as for expansion of an ageing capable workforce.
Should Cognitive Screening Tests Be Corrected for Age and Education? Insights From a Causal Perspective
Authors: Piccininni Marco , Rohmann Jessica L , Wechsung Maximilian , Logroscino Giancarlo , Kurth Tobias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCognitive screening tests such as the Mini-Mental State Examination are widely used in clinical routine to predict cognitive impairment. The raw test scores are often corrected for age and education, although documented poorer discrimination performance of corrected scores has challenged this practice. Nonetheless, test correction persists, perhaps due to the seemingly counterintuitive nature of the underlying problem. We used a causal framework to inform the long-standing debate from a more intuitive angle. We illustrate and quantify the consequences of applying the age-education correction of cognitive tests on discrimination performance. In an effort to bridge theory and practical implementation, we computed differences in discrimination performance under plausible causal scenarios using Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS)-1 data. We show that when age and education are causal risk factors for cognitive impairment and independently also affect the test score, correcting test scores for age and education removes meaningful information, thereby diminishing discrimination performance.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Air and on Surfaces in Rooms of Infected Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Linde Kimberly J , Wouters Inge M , Kluytmans Jan A J W , Kluytmans-van den Bergh Marjolein F Q , Pas Suzan D , GeurtsvanKessel Corine H , Koopmans Marion P G , Meier Melanie , Meijer Patrick , Raben Ceder R , Spithoven Jack , Tersteeg-Zijderveld Monique H G , Heederik Dick J J , Dohmen Wietske ,   COCON Consortium
Published: September 2022

Abstract
There is an ongoing debate on airborne transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a risk factor for infection. In this study, the level of SARS-CoV-2 in air and on surfaces of SARS-CoV-2 infected nursing home residents was assessed to gain insight in potential transmission routes. During outbreaks, air samples were collected using three different active and one passive air sampling technique in rooms of infected patients. Oropharyngeal swabs (OPS) of the residents and dry surface swabs were collected. Additionally, longitudinal passive air samples were collected during a period of 4 months in common areas of the wards. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was determined using RT-qPCR, targeting the RdRp- and E-genes. OPS, samples of two active air samplers and surface swabs with Ct-value ≤35 were tested for the presence of infectious virus by cell culture. In total, 360 air and 319 surface samples from patient rooms and common areas were collected. In rooms of 10 residents with detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in OPS, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 93 of 184 collected environmental samples (50.5%) (lowest Ct 29.5), substantially more than in the rooms of residents with negative OPS on the day of environmental sampling (n = 2) (3.6%). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was most frequently present in the larger particle size fractions [&gt;4 μm 60% (6/10); 1–4 μm 50% (5/10); &lt;1 μm 20% (2/10)] (Fischer exact test P = 0.076). The highest proportion of RNA-positive air samples on room level was found with a filtration-based sampler 80% (8/10) and the cyclone-based sampler 70% (7/10), and impingement-based sampler 50% (5/10). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 10 out of 12 (83%) passive air samples in patient rooms. Both high-touch and low-touch surfaces contained SARS-CoV-2 genome in rooms of residents with positive OPS [high 38% (21/55); low 50% (22/44)]. In one active air sample, infectious virus in vitro was detected. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 is frequently detected in air and on surfaces in the immediate surroundings of room-isolated COVID-19 patients, providing evidence of environmental contamination. The environmental contamination of SARS-CoV-2 and infectious aerosols confirm the potential for transmission via air up to several meters.
Between self-determination and advice: Sense-making and justifications in Swedish budget and debt counselling
Authors: Callegari Julia , Liedgren Pernilla , Kullberg Christian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOver-indebtedness has become an increasingly common issue in Europe and a growing concern for social work. In Sweden, budget and debt counsellors are the main actors guiding over-indebted individuals towards financial well-being. This study analyses how budget and debt counsellors rhetorically make sense of and justify their service provision. The research data consist of interviews with thirty-nine counsellors, supported by vignettes. The analysis shows that counsellors make sense of their service by constructing two guiding principles: to promote financial agency, centred on upholding the client’s autonomy and self-determination in solving the debt problems, respectively, to promote financial change, centred on providing the advice, guidance and practical support required to alleviate the client’s debt problems. These two guiding principles construct the client’s capability and responsibility to deal with their debt burden differently and motivate the counsellors to take different courses of action in relation to the client. Counsellors’ sense-making talk can thus be said to both reproduce and challenge predominant policy discourses emphasising citizens’ personal responsibility for creating welfare. The findings are discussed in relation to their implications for social work policy and practice.
Changing English Local Authority Duties by the Adoption of Easements in the COVID-19 Pandemic; Findings from an Interview-Based Study
Authors: Baginsky Mary , Thomas Emily , Manthorpe Jill 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis article reports findings from a study on the effect of the adjustments or ‘easements’ that were made to the 2014 Care Act when measures to manage the impact of COVID-19 were introduced in England in 2020. Only eight local authorities (LAs) implemented the changes permitted. The experiences of five are explored in this article. Data were collected in 2021 through interviews with Directors of Adult Social Services and other senior managers in these LAs and analysed using a thematic approach. Participants referred to the challenges under which they were working pre-pandemic, including resource pressures and problems recruiting and retaining staff. Despite the conditions attached to adopting easements these LAs had done so because of the uncertainties they were facing. All ceased to use them within a short time because they could manage without them. They had been shocked by the concerted opposition to easements and the time necessitated in responding to this. They contrasted their experiences with the apparent ease with which NHS colleagues had been able to change their practices. The experiences of these LAs may contribute to planning for the continuity of social care in any future emergency.
Perceived Disaster Preparedness between Asian Americans and Other Races: Mediating Roles of Information Seeking and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Chen Zhirui , Cong Zhen 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to examine the differences in perceived disaster preparedness between Asian Americans and other major races in the USA, namely, Whites, African Americans and Native Americans, and how information-seeking behaviours and self-efficacy (i.e. perceived ability in conducting preparedness behaviours) mediated these racial differences. Data used were from the 2017 National Household Survey conducted by US Federal Emergency Management Agency and included 4,493 respondents. Multiple mediation analysis with percentile and bias-corrected bootstrapping was performed. Results showed that the perceived preparedness level of Asian Americans was lower than that of Whites and Native Americans. Asian Americans’ lower level of self-efficacy explained their disadvantages in perceived disaster preparedness compared with Whites, African Americans and Native Americans. The disadvantages of Asian Americans relative to Native Americans were also attributed to fewer information-seeking behaviours. Based on these findings, disaster-related social work services and intervention strategies can be developed to improve the preparedness mechanisms within the Asian American community and reduce racial disparities in disaster planning.
LAMTOR1 degrades MHC-II via the endocytic in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Bo , Wang Qian , Li Bowen , Jiang Meixi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tumor cell surface antigen recognition is a major hallmark of cancer therapy, and loss of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) is the most common mechanism that impairs tumor cell surface antigen processing and expression. In addition to this, MHC-II regulates antigen presentation in CD4+ T cell immune responses involved in tumor killing by CD8+ T cells, whereas the regulation of endocytosis regulating MHC-II antigen presentation has not been reported. Therefore, the regulation of the endocytosis pathway on the expression of MHC-II surface level and antitumor T cell response remains to be explored. In this experiment, we found that LAMTOR1 regulates the endocytic pathway through the GTPase domain of DNM2 and triggers the formation of autophagosomes. We performed flow cytometry and western blotting analyses, which revealed that the expression of MHC-II molecules on the surface of cells is influenced by LAMTOR1 through the endocytic pathway. We showed that the expression of MHC-II molecules, which recognize CD4+ T cells on the surface of cells, was regulated by LAMTOR1 through an endocytic pathway. By coculture experiments, we showed that CD8+/CD4+ T cells exhibit substantially higher levels of tumor cell apoptosis than those observed when hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells were cocultured with CD8+ T cells alone. This study revealed that LAMTOR1 decreases the expression levels of MHC-II on cell surfaces in order to reduce antigen expression, leading to a decrease in antitumor T cell responses.
Multisensory integration in neurons of the medial pulvinar of macaque monkey
Authors: Vittek Anne-Laure , Juan Cécile , Nowak Lionel G , Girard Pascal , Cappe Céline 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe pulvinar is a heterogeneous thalamic nucleus, which is well developed in primates. One of its subdivisions, the medial pulvinar, is connected to many cortical areas, including the visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortices, as well as with multisensory areas and premotor areas. However, except for the visual modality, little is known about its sensory functions. A hypothesis is that, as a region of convergence of information from different sensory modalities, the medial pulvinar plays a role in multisensory integration. To test this hypothesis, 2 macaque monkeys were trained to a fixation task and the responses of single-units to visual, auditory, and auditory–visual stimuli were examined. Analysis revealed auditory, visual, and multisensory neurons in the medial pulvinar. It also revealed multisensory integration in this structure, mainly suppressive (the audiovisual response is less than the strongest unisensory response) and subadditive (the audiovisual response is less than the sum of the auditory and the visual responses). These findings suggest that the medial pulvinar is involved in multisensory integration.
Associations Between Findings of Fusobacterium necrophorum or β-Hemolytic Streptococci and Complications in Pharyngotonsillitis—A Registry-Based Study in Southern Sweden
Authors: Nygren David , Wasserstrom Lisa , Holm Karin , Torisson Gustav 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Most pharyngotonsillitis guidelines focus on the identification of group A streptococci (GAS), guided by clinical scores determining whom to test with a rapid antigen detection test. Nevertheless, many patients testing negative with this test are evaluated for group C/G streptococci (GCS/GGS) and Fusobacterium necrophorum, yet their importance remains debated. Our primary aim was to evaluate associations between complications and findings of F. necrophorum, GAS, or GCS/GGS in pharyngotonsillitis.

Methods
This was a retrospective, registry-based study of pharyngotonsillitis cases tested for F. necrophorum (polymerase chain reaction) and β-hemolytic streptococci (culture) in the Skåne Region, Sweden, in 2013–2020. Patients with prior complications or antibiotics (within 30 days) were excluded. Data were retrieved from registries and electronic charts. Logistic regression analyses were performed with a dichotomous composite outcome of complications as primary outcome, based on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes. Cases with negative results (polymerase chain reaction and culture) were set as reference category. Complications within 30 days were defined as peritonsillar or pharyngeal abscess, otitis, sinusitis, sepsis or septic complications, recurrence of pharyngotonsillitis (after 15–30 days) or hospitalization.

Results
Of 3700 registered cases, 28% had F. necrophorum, 13% had GCS/GGS, 10% had GAS, and 54% had negative results. The 30-day complication rates were high (20%). F. necrophorum (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–2.1) and GAS (1.9; 1.5–2.5) were positively associated with complications, whereas GCS/GGS were negatively associated (0.7; 0.4–0.98).

Conclusions
Our results indicate that F. necrophorum is a relevant pathogen in pharyngotonsillitis, whereas the relevance of testing for GCS/GGS is questioned. However, which patient to test and treat for F. necrophorum remains to be defined.
Distance to destination and export price variation within agri-food firms
Authors: Fiankor Dela-Dem Doe 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper assesses how bilateral distance affects within-firm-product variation in free-on-board (FOB) export prices across destinations. I estimate linear models that regress firm-product-destination-time FOB unit values on distance, firm-product-time fixed effects and destination country controls. If distance doubles, the average Swiss agri-food firm increases its FOB export price by 2.3 per cent. However, the positive distance elasticity of export prices reflects product quality differences and/or variable markups. I disentangle both mechanisms and show that, for a given product quality, exporting firms charge higher markups in distant markets. Nevertheless, this form of price discrimination is less pronounced for higher-quality products.
Changes in healthy and unhealthy working life expectancies among older working-age people in Finland, 2000–2017
Authors: Laaksonen Mikko , Elovainio Marko , Kainulainen Sakari , Leinonen Taina , Jääskeläinen Tuija , Rissanen Harri , Koskinen Seppo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Raising the statutory retirement age has been a common policy response to population ageing, but health problems may restrict labour force participation in older ages. We examined the development of healthy and unhealthy working life expectancies in Finland from 2000 to 2017 using different measures of health problems.

Methods
Healthy and unhealthy working life expectancies were calculated for the age range 50–65 years using the Sullivan method. The health measures were limiting long-standing illness, self-rated health, mental health problems and self-assessed work ability.

Results
Healthy working life expectancy was highest when health was measured by work ability. From 2000 to 2017, working years in full ability between the ages 50–65 increased from 6.2 (95% confidence interval 5.9–6.4) to 8.2 (8.0–8.5). Healthy working life expectancy increased also when measured by the other indicators. Unhealthy working years also increased, except when health problems were measured by limiting long-standing illness. The share of years in work increased both within the healthy and the unhealthy years, the increase being larger or equally large for the latter. Within the healthy and unhealthy years measured by the other three indicators, the share of working years increased irrespective of whether work ability was full or limited, but the increase was larger for limited work ability.

Conclusions
In Finland, healthy working life expectancy has increased irrespective of how health is measured but also working with health problems has become more prevalent. The estimates for healthy working years are highest when a direct measure of work ability is used.