bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Riemann hypothesis and tachyonic off-shell string scattering amplitudes
Authors: Perelman Carlos Castro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe study of the $$\mathbf{4}$$
4
-tachyon off-shell string scattering amplitude $$ A_4 (s, t, u) $$

A
4

(
s
,
t
,
u
)

, based on Witten’s open string field theory, reveals the existence of poles in the s-channel and associated to a continuum of complex “spins” J. The latter J belong to the Regge trajectories in the t, u channels which are defined by $$ - J (t) = - 1 - { 1\over 2 } t = \beta (t)= { 1\over 2 } + i \lambda $$

-
J

(
t
)

=
-
1
-

1
2

t
=
β

(
t
)

=

1
2

+
i
λ

; $$ - J (u) = - 1 - { 1\over 2 } u = \gamma (u) = { 1\over 2 } - i \lambda $$

-
J

(
u
)

=
-
1
-

1
2

u
=
γ

(
u
)

=

1
2

-
i
λ

, with $$ \lambda = real$$

λ
=
r
e
a
l

. These values of $$ \beta ( t ), \gamma (u) $$

β
(
t
)
,
γ
(
u
)

given by $${ 1\over 2 } \pm i \lambda $$

1
2

±
i
λ

, respectively, coincide precisely with the location of the critical line of nontrivial Riemann zeta zeros $$ \zeta (z_n = { 1\over 2 } \pm i \lambda _n) = 0$$

ζ
(

z
n

=

1
2

±
i

λ
n

)
=
0

. It is argued that despite assigning angular momentum (spin) values J to the off-shell mass values of the external off-shell tachyons along their Regge trajectories is not physically meaningful, their net zero-spin value $$ J ( k_1 ) + J (k_2) = J ( k_3 ) + J ( k_4 ) = 0$$

J

(

k
1

)

+
J

(

k
2

)

=
J

(

k
3

)

+
J

(

k
4

)

=
0

is physically meaningful because the on-shell tachyon exchanged in the s-channel has a physically well defined zero-spin. We proceed to prove that if there were nontrivial zeta zeros (violating the Riemann Hypothesis) outside the critical line $$ Real~ z = 1/2 $$

R
e
a
l

z
=
1
/
2

(but inside the critical strip) these putative zeros $$ don't$$

d
o

n
′

t

correspond to any poles of the $$\mathbf{4}$$
4
-tachyon off-shell string scattering amplitude $$ A_4 (s, t, u) $$

A
4

(
s
,
t
,
u
)

. We finalize with some concluding remarks on the zeros of sinh(z) given by $$ z = 0 + i 2 \pi n$$

z
=
0
+
i
2
π
n

, continuous spins, non-commutative geometry and other relevant topics.
Computed Tomography Texture Features and Risk Factor Analysis of Postoperative Recurrence of Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer after Radical Treatment under Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Zhiwu , Zhang Mei , Liao Chuanwen , Zhang Hong , Yang Qing , Yang Yu 
Published: May 2022

Computer tomography texture analysis (CTTA) based on the V-Net convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm was used to analyze the recurrence of advanced gastric cancer after radical treatment. Meanwhile, the clinical characteristics of patients were analyzed to explore the recurrence factors. 86 patients who underwent the advanced radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer were retrospectively selected as the research objects. Patients were divided into the no-recurrence group (30 cases) and the recurrence group (56 cases) according to whether there was recurrence after radical treatment. CTTA was performed before and after surgery in both groups to analyze the risk factors for recurrence. The results showed that the dice coefficient (0.9209) and the intersection over union (IOU) value (0.8392) of the V–CNN segmentation effect were signally higher than those of CNN, V-Net, and context encoder network (CE-Net) (

P

< 0.05). The mean value of arterial phase and portal phase (65.29 ± 9.23)/(79.89 ± 10.83), kurtosis (3.22)/(3.13), entropy (9.99 ± 0.53)/(9.97 ± 0.83), and correlation (4.12 × 10−5/4.21 × 10−5) of the recurrence group was higher than the no-recurrence group, while the skewness (0.01)/(−0.06) of the recurrence group was lower than that of the no-recurrence group (

P

< 0.05). Patients aged 60 years old and above, with a tumor diameter of 6 cm and above, and in the stage III/IV in the recurrence group were higher than those in the no-recurrence group, and patients with chemotherapy were lower (

P

< 0.05). To sum up, age, tumor diameter, whether chemotherapy should be performed, and tumor staging were all the risk factors of postoperative recurrence among patients with gastric cancer. Besides, CT texture parameter could be used to predict and analyze the postoperative recurrence of gastric cancer with good clinical application values.
Reimagining Places, Reconstructing Histories: Augmented Reality Art and Heritage Apps as an Ultimate Display
Authors: Efrat Liron 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article employs Ivan Sutherland’s 1965 concept of the Ultimate Display to discuss the experience generated by augmented reality art and cultural heritage. Analyzing projects that reimagine or reconstruct reality, the author discusses the social impact and cultural workings of these apps. The article shows how such apps can facilitate kinesthetic performances that intervene in established cultural narratives and open a window to new social realities. In this context, the author also introduces her project CHAR, an online collection of AR art and cultural heritage apps, which illustrates how Sutherland’s vision has been materialized through the mapping of AR-reconstructed realities.
Metaphor’s Tender Sympathies
Authors: Genn Rachel 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
While investigating whether neuroscience or art best corroborates the experience of immersion or reverie, the author interviews herself about how her “artist self” inquires of her “scientist self” (and vice versa). She wonders how conceptual information refracted through these “selves”—via mechanisms such as metaphor—fosters collaboration between disciplines in an intrapersonal context. She asks how epistemic value derived from mistakes and indistinctness enrich this shared imaginative space, focusing on metaphor as a conduit between elements and disciplines. Using Kafka’s mole analogy, she follows intuition as an interdisciplinary heuristic to explore reverie and the creative act.
Evolution of Procedural Rights and Legal Standing in Environmental Matters in Latvia
Authors: Mikosa Žaneta 
Published: May 2022

In light of recent discussions on the need to broaden eligibility for legal standing in environmental disputes in order to fulfil the requirements of the Aarhus Convention, and thus to facilitate enforcement of environmental law, this Chapter is aimed at discussing the evolution of the most extended approach to legal standing (often referred as actio popularis or open standing) in Latvia since it regained independence.
The purpose of this Chapter is twofold. Firstly, it aims at contributing to the ongoing discussion on incentives for liberalizing standing to open the doors of national courts in environmental matters triggered by the Aarhus Convention and recent case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in that respect. Secondly, to contribute to the understanding of ‘the why and the how’ of the most extended rules of legal standing developed in Latvia for environmental disputes and whether they have been applied in practice by administrative courts. Generally, the approach to legal standing signals ‘how much enforcement’ society wants. This Chapter is about the Latvian experience indicating how much enforcement of environmental law society has so far been ready to accept considering its international commitments as well.
Legal and Ethical Issues in Designing Online Courts
Authors: Saukuma Agnese 
Published: May 2022

This research explores and analyses whether online courts perform a judicial function in accordance with the right to a fair trial and the right to fair and secure user’s personal data protection to all groups in society. By adopting a descriptive and critical approach, the author analyses the main operating principles of online courts and legal and ethical issues that may occur in designing and implementing online courts in conjunction with these rights.
The result of this research shows that online courts provide greater access to justice to society and they would satisfy the needs of modern society with technological knowledge. At the same time they do not provide access to the most vulnerable groups that may not have or have limited internet access, or have not enough technological and legal knowledge, as a result of not ensuring equal access to justice to all groups in society. Taking into account that online courts perform a judicial function in the traditional court sense, they are bound by Article 6 (1) of the European Convention on Human Rights and the principles of personal data of the General Data Protection Regulation, but at present they cannot ensure their observance in relation to an open, transparent and impartial trial, as a result of a partial violation of the rights enshrined in these norms.
Dawn of a New Normal: Resident and Faculty Attitudes in Adopting Virtual Conferences and Education
Authors: Frank Madelyn , Stopenski Stephen , Yamamoto Maki , Nahmias Jeffry , Nguyen Ninh T. , Smith Brian R. , Keshava Hari B. 
Published: May 2022

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed education in medical residencies with the need to transition to a virtual format. The objective of this study is to assess the adoption of a virtual format for grand rounds, M&M, and education of the surgical department. Method A 25 question online survey was developed using Qualtrics and distributed to faculty and resident physicians in the Department of Surgery from March to April 2021. Results Fifty four out of 79 potential respondents (68%) completed the survey. Twenty-seven out of 54 (50%) respondents stated they were more likely to be participating in another activity most of the time or always. During to in-person conferences, 20/54 (37%) of participants reported being more distracted by other activities. Forty-two out of 54 (78%) participants strongly agree that virtual conferences are more flexible with their schedule and saves them travel time. All of the faculty want conferences to continue virtually (with or without an in-person component) citing virtual conferences are more flexible with their schedule and saves travel time. However, 4/26 (15%) of residents responded not wanting to continue virtual education citing work distractions and not truly having protected time. Conclusion As the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is continuing with new variants, the virtual education and conference format is necessary. There is overwhelming support from both residents and faculty in favor of the virtual conference format due to flexibility, ease, and convenience. However, care must be taken to make sure that resident education time is truly protected.
Factors and Outcomes Associated With Venous Thromboembolism Following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Mabeza Russyan Mark , Lee Cory , Verma Arjun , Park Mina G. , Darbinian Khajack , Darbinian Shushanna , Yetasook Amy , Benharash Peyman 
Published: May 2022

Background The present national study characterized the incidence and factors associated with VTE following bariatric operations and its association with postoperative outcomes and resource use. Methods Adults (≥18 years) undergoing elective sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass (laparoscopic and open) were identified in the 2016-2018 Nationwide Readmissions Database. International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes for deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism were used to ascertain the presence of VTE. Multivariable linear and logistic models were developed to evaluate the independent association of VTE with outcomes of interest. Results Of an estimated 537,522 patients meeting inclusion criteria, .55% developed VTE during index hospitalization (.14%) or within 90 days of index discharge (.41%). Compared to others, VTE patients were older (51.8 vs 44.9 years, P<.001), more commonly male (20.0% vs 31.5%, P<.001), and had gastric bypass (56.3% vs 31.9%, P<.001) or an open procedure (21.9% vs 2.6%, P<.001). After risk adjustment, several factors including increasing age, male gender, gastric bypass and open approach remained associated with increased odds of VTE. Patients with VTE during index hospitalization had greater odds of mortality (AOR 11.6, 95% CI: 6.12-22.19) and increased index LOS (β:+14.1 days, 95% CI: 11.7-16.5) and hospitalization costs (β: +$53,100, 95% CI: 43,100-63,500). Additionally, VTE patients had greater odds of readmission within 90 days (AOR 1.86, 95% CI: 1.40-2.47). Conclusions Although VTE is uncommon following bariatric operations, it is significantly associated with increased mortality, readmission, and resource use. Further research is necessary to ascertain optimal management of VTE for bariatric surgery patients.
Effective coordination and innovation-facilitating role of science parks: The place-based approach with paradoxical outcomes
Authors: Zhu Ying , Tang Ryan W , Xing Ke 
Published: May 2022

The place-based regional industrial strategies provide a novel approach to examining the role of science parks in enhancing regional innovation with place-based policies. With qualitative interviews and case analyses, this study investigates how a place-based science park affects innovation activities of technology-focused companies. Our research findings demonstrate paradoxical nature with both positive and negative aspects of firms’ strategies that cope with obstacles such as the lack of funding for R&D and weak policy on IP protection. These obstacles hinder the collaboration on innovation and strengthen the effect of economic uncertainty on companies’ short-term survival orientation. Important implications for both theory and practice are discussed with possible future research directions identified. JEL Classification: O32, M10, M38
Predictors of Achieving the Maximal Outcome Improvement Threshold for Willingness to Undergo Revision Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Maldonado David R. , Kyin Cynthia , Owens Jade S. , Rosinsky Philip J. , Jimenez Andrew E. , Lee Michael S. , Domb Benjamin G. 
Published: May 2022

Background: The maximal outcome improvement threshold for willingness to undergo revision hip arthroscopy (MOWT) has not been defined yet. Purpose: To determine the percentage MOWT in patients who underwent revision hip arthroscopy and to identify predictors of achieving the MOWT. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: An anchor question was provided to patients who underwent revision hip arthroscopy between April 2008 and June 2020 who returned for follow-up between August 2019 and June 2021 at one institution. Patients were included if they underwent revision hip arthroscopy, had answered the anchor question, and had baseline and postoperative minimum 1-year follow-up scores for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. Exclusion criteria were Tönnis grade >1, hip dysplasia, previous hip conditions, or unwillingness to participate. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the MOWT. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine intraoperative predictors of achieving the MOWT. Results: In total, 153 patients (163 hips) were included, with 117 female hips (71.8%), a mean patient age of 34.3 ± 12.4 years, and an average follow-up time of 61.6 ± 42.7 months. It was determined that 77.3% of the patients reported that they would choose to undergo the revision hip arthroscopy again. The MOWT for the mHHS, NAHS, and VAS was 43.1%, 53%, and 33.4%, respectively. The probability of choosing to undergo revision surgery if the MOWT was achieved was 77.5%, 77.6%, and 79.2%, for the mHHS, NAHS, and VAS, respectively. Patients with residual cam-type morphology, which was addressed during the revision, were 2.3 times more likely to achieve the MOWT for the VAS ( P = .014). Conclusion: Patients who improved 43.1%, 53%, and 33.4% of their MOWT for the mHHS, NAHS, and VAS, respectively, were likely to be willing to undergo revision hip arthroscopy again. Moreover, the presence of residual cam-type femoroacetabular impingement morphology before their revision surgery was identified as a predictor to achieve the MOWT for the VAS.
Association Between Glycemic Gap and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Lou Ran , Jiang Li , Wang Meiping , Zhu Bo , Jiang Qi , Wang Peng 
Published: May 2022

Objectives Dysglycemia is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients,which is uncertain in patients with diabetes regarding to the situation of glucose control before hospitalization. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of the difference between the level of blood glucose during ICU stay and before admission to ICU upon the outcomes of critically ill patients with diabetes. Method Patients with diabetes expected to stay for more than 24hs were enrolled, HbA1c was converted to A1C-derived average glucose (ADAG) by the equation: ADAG  =  [ (HbA1c * 28.7) – 46.7 ] * 18−1, blood glucose were measured four times a day during the first 7 days after admission, the mean glucose level(MGL) and SOFA (within 3, 5, and 7days) were calculated for each person, GAPadm and GAPmean was calculated as admission blood glucose and MGL minus ADAG, the incidence of moderate hypoglycemia(MH), severe hypoglycemia (SH), total dosage of glucocorticoids and average daily dosage of insulin, duration of renal replacement therapy(RRT), ventilator-free hours, and non-ICU days were also collected. Patients were divided into survival group and nonsurvival group according to survival or not at 28-day, the relationship between GAP and mortality were analyzed. Results 431 patients were divided into survival group and nonsurvival group. The two groups had a comparable level of HbA1c, the nonsurvivors had greater APACHE II, SOFA, GAPadm, GAPmean-3, GAPmean-5, GAPmean-7 and higher MH and SH incidences. Less duration of ventilator-free, non-ICU stay and longer duration of RRT were recorded in the nonsurvival group. GAPmean-5 had the greatest predictive power with an AUC of 0.807(95%CI: 0.762-0.851), the cut-off value was 3.6 mmol/L (sensitivity 77.7% and specificity 76.6%). The AUC was increased to 0.852(95%CI: 0.814-0.889) incorporated with SOFA5 (NRI  =  11.34%). Conclusion Glycemic GAP between the MGL within 5 days and ADAG was independently associated with 28-day mortality of critically ill patients with diabetes. The predictive power was optimized with addition of SOFA5.
Gender Authorship Trends Among Craniofacial Publications: A 20-Year Analysis
Authors: Wang Fei , Cheng Tiffany , Ricci Joseph A. 
Published: May 2022

This study aims to identify gender disparities within the subspecialty of craniofacial surgery as women surgeons remain underrepresented in academia and leadership, arenas heavily dictated by research productivity. All craniofacial articles published in 3 major research journals from 2000 to 2020 were reviewed and evaluated in 5-year increments. Information regarding author gender, authorship distribution, geographic origin, and publication type was collected. ANOVA, χ2, and logistic regression modeling were used for analysis. In total, there were 3684 articles with 15 206 total authors—3128 (20.6%) were women, including 665 (21.3%) first authors, 1980 (63.2%) middle authors, and 487 (15.7%) senior authors. Mean women authorship increased significantly from 2000 to 2020 (0.33 vs 1.22 P < .001) with corresponding significant increases in first and senior authorship (8.63% vs 27.02; 5.65% vs 16.13%; P < .001). Statistically significant trends across time were observed for first and senior authorships ( P < .001). Women were more likely to publish original publications as first and senior authors (OR: 1.83, P < .001; OR: 1.37, P = .0012). Women were less likely to publish editorial articles (OR 0.6, P < .001). The United States ranked third in publication output by female first authors but was behind all regions except Africa for output by female senior authors. Although female authorship has increased significantly over the last 2 decades, women remain a minority within the craniofacial literature. Further research is needed to elicit the root of these disparities.
Young people’s experiences of orthodontic retainers: A qualitative study
Authors: Frawley Tom , Parkin Nicola , Kettle Jen , Longstaff Sarah , Benson Philip 
Published: May 2022

Objective: To investigate young people’s experiences of retainers, the associated impact of retainers on their lives and their perceptions of what influences their own co-operation. Design: Qualitative, cross-sectional study. Setting: An orthodontic department in a UK dental hospital. Participants: Purposive sampling was used to recruit young people, aged 11–17 years, wearing a range of different types of retainers. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted and transcribed. The resultant data were analysed using codebook thematic analysis. Results: Ten patients were recruited before thematic saturation was achieved. Four themes were identified: impact and experiences of wearing retainers; facilitators and barriers to retainer adherence; finding out about retainers; and, finally, involvement in decisions about retainers. Although some initial negative impacts were described, participants generally adapted quickly to retainers. Several factors were perceived to influence co-operation with removable retainers, including concerns about relapse and the associated waste of personal effort and wider resources. There were perceived deficiencies in the information provided by clinicians, which led participants to seek advice from other sources, including social media. Some young people wanted to be more involved in decisions about their retainers. Conclusion: While patients perceived retainers to be easier to wear than active appliances, some transient negative impacts occurred, largely related to initial periods of full-time wear. There were a range of factors which patients perceived to influence their adherence with removable retainers.
Effect of pulmonary hypertension on exercise capacity and gas exchange in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease living at high altitude
Authors: Gonzalez-Garcia Mauricio , Aguirre-Franco Carlos Eduardo , Vargas-Ramirez Leslie , Barrero Margarita , Torres-Duque Carlos A 
Published: May 2022

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with decreased exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, but in the altitude the response to exercise in those patients is unknown. Our objective was to compare exercise capacity, gas exchange and ventilatory alterations between COPD patients with PH (COPD-PH) and without PH (COPD-nonPH) residents at high altitude (2640 m). Methods: One hundred thirty-two COPD-nonPH, 82 COPD-PH, and 47 controls were included. Dyspnea by Borg scale, oxygen consumption (VO2), work rate (WR), ventilatory equivalents (VE/VCO2), dead space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT), alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient (AaPO2), and arterial-end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure gradient (Pa-ETCO2) were measurement during a cardiopulmonary exercise test. For comparison of variables between groups, Kruskal-Wallis or one-way ANOVA tests were used, and stepwise regression analysis to test the association between PH and exercise capacity. Results: All COPD patients had a lower exercise capacity and higher PaCO2, A-aPO2 and VD/VT than controls. The VO2 % predicted (61.3 ± 20.6 vs 75.3 ± 17.9; p < 0.001) and WR % predicted (65.3 ± 17.9 vs 75.3 ± 17.9; p < 0.001) were lower in COPD-PH than in COPD-nonPH. At peak exercise, dyspnea was higher in COPD-PH ( p = 0.011). During exercise, in COPD-PH, the PaO2 was lower ( p < 0.001), and AaPO2 ( p < 0.001), Pa-ETCO2 ( p = 0.033), VE/VCO2 ( p = 0.019), and VD/VT ( p = 0.007) were higher than in COPD-nonPH. In the multivariate analysis, PH was significantly associated with lower peak VO2 and WR ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: In COPD patients residing at high altitude, the presence of PH was an independent factor related to the exercise capacity. Also, in COPD-PH patients there were more dyspnea and alterations in gas exchange during the exercise than in those without PH.