bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the spatial-temporal clustering of HIV prevalence among adolescents and young adults across countries around the world
Authors: Liew Hui-Peng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To date, HIV infection among adolescents and young adults remains a challenging public health issue, especially for countries located in Sub-Saharan Africa but no empirical research known to date has provided a spatial- temporal cluster analyses to assess trends in HIV prevalence among this population. This study attempts fill in the gaps in research by examining how the prevalence of adolescents and young adults aged 15–24 living with HIV are clustered together and estimating the number of individuals infected with HIV and the effectiveness of disease control initiatives. The empirical work of this study is based on the UNAIDS estimates downloaded from the World Bank DataBank and data obtained from the United States Central Intelligence Agency. Findings suggest that trends in HIV prevalence among adolescents and young adults differed by region and the prevalence of HIV infection among these individuals will not surge but will somewhat fluctuate over time. Attempt to end AIDS as a public health threat by year 2030 can remain a challenge if the current antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage, population growth rates, and AIDS-related death rates were to continue into the next decade.
Identification of tensile behaviour of polylactic acid parts manufactured by fused deposition modelling under heat-treated conditions using nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous and transfer function models
Authors: Karabeyoglu Sencer Süreyya , Eksi Olcay , Istif Ilyas , Feratoglu Kamil 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, three-dimensional (3D) printed polylactic acid (PLA) samples are annealed at slightly above the glass transition temperature to enhance the mechanical properties. Tensile and Izod impact tests are conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA specimens. Influence of different infill patterns on tensile strength and impact resistance are also observed. Porous structure of 3D printed PLA specimens is examined and average void area densities are determined via scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Influence of void area density on mechanical properties is investigated. Tensile behaviour of 3D printed PLA parts is simulated with proposed nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous and transfer function models. While stress data and determined void area densities are used as inputs, strain data obtained from tensile tests used as output for the model structures.
Nonlinear behaviour of ion acoustic shock waves in a two-electron temperature nonthermal complex plasma
Authors: Kolay Debaditya , Dutta Debjit 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The nonlinear propagation of dust-ion-acoustic shock waves (DIASWs) in unmagnetized dusty plasma comprising inertial ions, non-Maxwellian electrons with two distinct temperatures, and negatively charged dust is investigated in this article using a different approach based on the Sagdeev pseudopotential theory. The reductive perturbation approach is used to produce the KdVB and mKdVB equations and a comparison of their analytical and numerical solutions is shown. The effects of various parameters consisting of macroscopic non-thermal, ion-kinematic viscosity, etc. that significantly alternate the qualitative properties of DIASW are discussed. Both oscillatory and monotonic natures of the dispersive-diffusive shock wave structures are described in the present study. It has also been concentrated on nonlinear dynamics in such a plasma environment. The findings of this study should aid in understanding the nonlinear dynamics of wave damping and interactions in space and laboratory dusty plasmas, where the most relevant plasma parameters are kinematic viscosity and macroscopic non-thermality.
Early onset obesity due to a mutation in the human leptin receptor gene
Authors: Chaves Carolina , Kay Teresa , Anselmo João 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Leptin is secreted by adipocytes in response to fat storage and binds to its receptor (LEPR), which is ubiquitously expressed throughout the body. Leptin regulates energy expenditure and is anorexigenic. In this study, we describe the clinical and hormonal findings of three siblings with a personal history of rapid weight gain during the first months of life. They had delayed puberty, high levels of FSH (15.6 ± 3.7 mUI/mL; reference: 1.5–12.4) and LH (12.3 ± 2.2 mUI/mL; reference: 1.7–8.6), normal oestradiol and total testosterone and successful fertility. None of the patients had dyslipidemia, diabetes or thyroid disease. Next-generation sequencing identified a pathogenic homozygous variant c.2357T>C, p.(Leu786Pro) in LEPR. Their parents and children were heterozygous for this mutation. We compared clinical and biochemical findings of homozygous carriers with first-degree heterozygous family members and ten randomly selected patients with adult-onset morbid obesity. Homozygous carriers of the mutation had significantly higher BMI (32.2 ± 1.7 kg/m2 vs 44.5 ± 7.1 kg/m2, P = 0.023) and increased serum levels of leptin (26.3 ± 9.3 ng/mL vs 80 ± 36.4 ng/mL, P = 0.028) than their heterozygous relatives. Compared with the ten patients with adult-onset morbid obesity, serum levels of leptin were not significantly higher in homozygous carriers (53.8 ± 24.1 ng/mL vs 80 ± 36.4 ng/mL, P = 0.149), and thus serum levels of leptin were not a useful discriminative marker of LEPR mutations. We described a rare three-generation family with monogenic obesity due to a mutation in LEPR. Patients with early onset obesity should be considered for genetic screening, as the identification of mutations may allow personalized treatment options (e.g. MC4R-agonists) and targeted successful weight loss.

Learning points

The early diagnosis of monogenic forms of obesity can be of great interest since new treatments for these conditions are becoming available.

Since BMI and leptin levels in patients with leptin receptor mutations are not significantly different from those found in randomly selected morbid obese patients, a careful medical history is mandatory to suspect this condition.

Loss of leptin receptor function has been associated with infertility. However, our patients were able to conceive, emphasizing the need for genetic counselling in affected patients with this condition.
Novel TSHB variant (c.217A>C) causing severe central hypothyroidism and pituitary hyperplasia
Authors: Kaplan Adam I , Luxford Catherine , Clifton-Bligh Roderick J 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Biallelic pathological variants in the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) subunit β gene (TSHB) result in isolated TSH deficiency and secondary hypothyroidism, a rare form of central congenital hypothyroidism (CCH), with an estimated incidence of 1 in 65 000 births. It is characterised by low levels of free thyroxine and inappropriately low serum TSH and may therefore be missed on routine neonatal screening for hypothyroidism, which relies on elevated TSH. We describe a patient with CCH who developed recurrence of pituitary hyperplasia and symptomatic hypothyroidism due to poor compliance with thyroxine replacement. She was diagnosed with CCH as a neonate and had previously required trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy surgery for pituitary hyperplasia associated with threatened chiasmal compression at 17 years of age due to variable adherence to thyroxine replacement. Genetic testing of TSHB identified compound heterozygosity with novel variant c.217A>C, p.(Thr73Pro), and a previously reported variant c.373delT, p.(Cys125Valfs*10). Continued variable adherence to treatment as an adult resulted in recurrence of significant pituitary hyperplasia, which subsequently resolved with improved compliance without the need for additional medications or repeat surgery. This case describes a novel TSHB variant associated with CCH and demonstrates the importance of consistent compliance with thyroxine replacement to treat hypothyroidism and prevent pituitary hyperplasia in central hypothyroidism.

Learning points

Pathogenic variants in the TSH subunit β gene (TSHB) are rare causes of central congenital hypothyroidism (CCH).

c.217A>C, p.(Thr73Pro), is a novel TSHB variant, presented in association with CCH in this case report.

Thyroxine replacement is critical to prevent clinical hypothyroidism and pituitary hyperplasia.

Pituitary hyperplasia can recur post-surgery if adherence to thyroxine replacement is not maintained.

Pituitary hyperplasia can dramatically reverse if compliance with thyroxine replacement is improved to maintain free thyroxine (FT4) levels in the middle-to-upper normal range, without the need for additional medications or surgeries.
Bisphosphonate-induced atypical femoral fracture in tandem: long-term follow-up is warranted
Authors: Hussain Mohammed Anwar , Joseph Aneez , Cherian Vinoo Mathew , Srivastava Alok , Cherian Kripa Elizabeth , Kapoor Nitin , Paul Thomas Vizhalil 
Published: August 2022

Summary
Although bisphosphonates (BPs) are mainly used for the treatment of osteoporosis and are generally safe, long-term use and more dosage as utilised in malignant conditions may be associated with the rare adverse event of an atypical femoral fracture (AFF). Occasionally, the risk of developing an AFF persists long after BPs are withdrawn. A 39-year-old woman who underwent chemotherapy and an autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma presented to us with history of pain in the left thigh. She had received multiple doses of oral and parenteral BPs for about 10 years in view of the underlying myeloma with osteoporosis. Her investigations showed a suppressed CTX of 192 pg/mL, and radiograph of pelvis displayed thickened cortices with beaking of the left femoral shaft, which was suggestive of an AFF. Following discontinuation of BPs, she underwent prophylactic intra-medullary nailing with which her symptoms improved. Five years later, she presented with similar complaints on the right side. Investigations showed that her bone turnover continued to be suppressed with Cross linked C- Telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) of 165 pg/mL and an X-ray done showed AFF on the right side despite being off BPs. A second intra-medullary nailing was done and on follow-up, she has been symptom-free and independent in her daily activities. Discontinuation of BPs may not prevent the incident second AFF and, therefore, thus warranting long-term follow-up.

Learning points

Regular screening and follow-up of patients who receive long-term bisphosphonate (BP) therapy should be done.

Discontinuation of BPs does not preclude the possibility of repeated occurrence of a second AFF.

Long-term BP therapy warrants regular monitoring and follow-up should an AFF occur
No evidence for age-related differences in mitochondrial RNA quality in the female germline
Authors: Hartley Fiona , Alageel Arwa , Appeltant Ruth , Gray Nicki , Repapi Emmanouela , Wells Dagan , Williams Suzannah A , Poulton Joanna 
Published: August 2022

Graphical abstract

Abstract
Mitochondrial quality is implicated as a contributor to declining fertility with aging. We investigated mitochondrial transcripts in oocytes and their associated cumulus cells from mice of different ages using RNA-seq. Mice aged 3 weeks, 9 weeks, and 1 year were superovulated, and 48 h later, oocyte cumulus complexes were collected by follicle puncture. We did not detect any major differences that could be attributed to aging. However, mitochondrial RNA transcripts which deviated from the consensus sequence were found at a higher frequency in cumulus cells than in their corresponding oocyte. Previous investigations have shown that variation in the sequence of mtRNA transcripts is substantial, and at least some of this can be accounted for by post-transcriptional modifications which impact base calling during sequencing. Our data would be consistent with either less post-transcriptional modification in mitochondrial RNA from oocytes than cumulus cells or with lower mtDNA mutational load.

Lay summary
Women become less fertile as they age. Shortage of energy contributes to this, caused by a decline in the quality of mitochondria (the powerhouses of the cell) in the egg. Genes are the blueprint for the cell. They are made of DNA which is copied into an RNA message, or instructions, for making proteins. We counted differences in the RNA message of developing eggs and the cells that support them during development (cumulus cells). We compared the number of these differences in mice of different ages. These age groups represent mice had not reached puberty, those of prime reproductive age, and old mothers. We did not find any differences linked to the age of the mice. However, we did find differences between the egg and the cumulus cells. In most cases, there were lower levels of mutations in eggs than there were in cumulus cells.
Frequency spectrum and group velocities of acoustic phonons in PbI2 nanofilms
Authors: Petryk Ivan , Lutsiuk Yuriy , Kramar Valeriy 
Published: August 2022

Using the elastic continuum approach, an energy spectrum and spectral dependences of a group velocities of confined acoustic phonons in planar quasi-two-dimensional nanostructures (nanofilms) of hexagonal symmetry of the 2H-PbI2 type were studied by methods of the theory of elasticity. It is shown that the energy and propagation velocity of vibrational modes for all branches of the phonon spectrum in these type nanostructures are nonlinear functions of a magnitude of a wave vector and a thickness of the nanofilm. The obtained results can be used to analyze an influence of acoustic phonons on a course of phenomena of thermal and electrical conductivity, carrier scattering and optical absorption in nanostructures, components of which are thin layers of lead iodide.
¿Qué implica disfrutar del deporte? Presentación de un instrumento para su evaluación
Authors: Schmidt Vanina , Molina Fernanda , Raimundi Julia , Celsi Ignacio , González Liotard Alejandra , Pérez Gaido Mauro , García Arabehety María 
Published: August 2022

El disfrute es una de las razones más fuertes para involucrarse en una actividad deportiva. ¿Pero cómo se puede definir conceptual y operacionalmente este constructo? El objetivo del presente estudio fue indagar con enfoque mixto los componentes del disfrute en el deporte. En el primer estudio participaron deportistas federados del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA, Argentina) (n = 9). Se utilizó una entrevista semi-estructurada y se identificaron las categorías que describen la experiencia de disfrute, tales como, afecto positivo, involucramiento y experiencia autotélica. Los participantes refirieron además sentirse realizados a nivel personal. Por otro lado, en el segundo estudio participaron 362 jóvenes (57.2 % hombres y 42.8 % mujeres) de 14 a 29 años de distintos clubes del AMBA. Para este estudio se operacionalizaron las categorías del primer estudio, a través de 29 ítems, con una escala Likert de cinco puntos de acuerdo. El análisis factorial exploratorio arrojó dos factores que explicaron el 58.8 % de la varianza a través de 17 ítems. La confiabilidad de cada subescala fue alta. El disfrute puede conocerse a través de dos subescalas: afecto positivo e involucramiento. Un factor adicional emergió de los análisis: el sentido de realización personal. Los factores del disfrute correlacionaron positivamente con este último, con el compromiso en el deporte y con el Flow total. Posteriores estudios permitirán conocer otros indicadores de validez de la escala y su uso en diversos contextos.
Comunicación dialógica en el profesor de fútbol
Authors: Cabrera Acosta Rosa Elvira , Sierra Barbado Carlos Roberto , Bestard Revilla Alina 
Published: August 2022

La presente investigación aporta un modelo pedagógico para potenciar las habilidades y capacidades dialógicas centradas en lo comunicativo hacia el modo de actuación profesional del profesor de fútbol, la cual constituye un punto de partida para la comprensión del proceso de intervención comunicativo dialógico en situaciones verbales directas y del carácter complejo del proceso. Por esta razón, su intencionalidad pedagógica radica en modelar los procederes para la aprehensión de los saberes de la práctica de habilidades y capacidades comunicativas dialógicas en la transformación del modo de actuación profesional en condiciones del entrenamiento deportivo como expresión del subsistema teórico-conceptual, donde se desarrolla la cultura de participación de la actividad deportiva, la cual expresa la relación dialéctica que se establece entre el proceso epistémico-metodológico de la significatividad individualizada creciente desde la cultura comunicacional y el proceso de aprehensión subjetiva-objetiva de saberes de la práctica comunicativa dialógica desde la experiencia interpretativa que exigen un saber, saber hacer y un querer hacer comunicativo dialógico pertinente. Se utilizaron métodos como análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo, sistémico-estructural-funcional, análisis documental y la observación participativa.
Interseccionalidade e lugar de fala
Authors: Costa Antônio Carlos da Rocha 
Published: August 2022

Este artigo traz, desde uma perspectiva lógico-hegeliana, uma proposta de articulação operatória das noções de interseccionalidade e lugar de fala, com as quais, muitas vezes, se realizam análises de discursos e de situações sociais. O fundamento da proposta é a sequência de silogismos de ideias que, derivados da Lógica de Hegel, estratificam a noção de mundo em três níveis: mundo do sujeito, mundo do gênero e mundo do espírito. O artigo complementa esse fundamento introduzindo duas operações, particionamento de ideias e superposição de partições de ideias, com as quais é derivado o conceito geral mundo setorial. O artigo mostra, então, como as noções de interseccionalidade e lugar de fala podem ser articuladas operatoriamente pelas três formas particulares e estratificadas desse conceito geral: mundo do sujeito setorial, mundo do gênero setorial e mundo do espírito setorial.
Correlating atom probe tomography with x-ray and electron spectroscopies to understand microstructure–activity relationships in electrocatalysts
Authors: Gault Baptiste , Schweinar Kevin , Zhang Siyuan , Lahn Leopold , Scheu Christina , Kim Se-Ho , Kasian Olga 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe search for a new energy paradigm with net-zero carbon emissions requires new technologies for energy generation and storage that are at the crossroad between engineering, chemistry, physics, surface, and materials sciences. To keep pushing the inherent boundaries of device performance and lifetime, we need to step away from a cook-and-look approach and aim to establish the scientific ground to guide the design of new materials. This requires strong efforts in establishing bridges between microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, across multiple scales. Here, we discuss how the complementarities of x-ray- and electron-based spectroscopies and atom probe tomography can be exploited in the study of surfaces and subsurfaces to understand structure–property relationships in electrocatalysts.
Graphical abstract
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, a popular president who has all the media coverage: Content analysis of the press (2016-2018)
Authors: Do Espírito Santo Paula , Lopes Felisbela 
Published: August 2022

In his first speech, in March 2016, as 20th Portuguese President, Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa guaranteed that every Portuguese person was rooted in his first determining thought. It was in the people that President Marcelo found legitimacy to develop everything he sought. But will this concern in building bridges, in bringing others closer to him, be reflected on the journalistic coverage that his work raises? From the analysis of the first two years of his term, what is striking is the depiction of a President who wants everyone close to him, and yet the whole daily press discourse is centred on him. The President has consistently aligned himself with different social actors and has made a visible effort to expand his political action to different Portuguese regions and also to several other countries. However, the President is the main source and hegemonic voice in journalistic discourse.
This research begins with the following question: How does the journalistic coverage of President Marcelo's activity, during his two-year term of office (2016-2018), concur with and guarantee the principles of autonomy and exemption in the news construction? Taking into account this research question, in methodological terms, this study will analyse the two years of journalistic coverage of the presidential activity, from a set of daily and weekly newspapers. The technique of content analysis will be used, in a categorical approach, following Bardin’s (2013) and Lopes & Espírito Santo’s (2016) previous framework. The expected results are the identification of the relationship between the political involvement of Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa as President and the construction of the press message, combined with the potential introduction of a new role for the President as a political and media actor of the democratic system.
Doenças oncológicas em notícia: a força da investigação médica
Authors: Magalhães Olga , Lopes Felisbela , Araújo Rita 
Published: August 2022

É através dos media noticiosos que grande parte da população encontra informação sobre o campo da saúde. Isso dota o trabalho jornalístico de particular responsabilidade, na medida em que os conteúdos interferem inequivocamente nas perceções sociais. No que diz respeito à cobertura noticiosa da saúde, particularmente na imprensa, os estudos demonstram que os jornalistas não se interessam muito pelas doenças, mas, quando isso acontece, são as doenças oncológicas aquelas que têm uma prioridade substancial no agendamento noticioso.
Neste artigo, procuramos saber de que modo o cancro se torna notícia nos jornais diários portugueses. Para isso, analisámos todos os textos noticiosos publicados no Público, Jornal de Notícias, Diário de Notícias e Correio da Manhã entre 2010 e 2018, ou seja, 1.255 artigos onde são citadas 2.471 fontes de informação. Do nosso estudo salienta-se a força da investigação médica na tematização desta doença e a hegemonia das fontes especializadas como interlocutores privilegiados para transformar este tópico em notícia.
Da educação à comunicação: um mapeamento da utilização do vídeo online em universidades portuguesas
Authors: Santos Sílvio Correia , Santos Clara Almeida 
Published: August 2022

A utilização de conteúdos de vídeo online por Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) em Portugal tem aumentado de forma evidente durante a última década. Extravasando a função inicialmente associada à aprendizagem, o vídeo foi progressivamente adotado como ferramenta de comunicação, num contexto marcado pela competição e pelas dificuldades orçamentais cada vez mais generalizadas.
Este artigo procura explicar e contextualizar as condições tecnológicas e sociais, assim como as alterações no consumo mediático que permitiram a proliferação do vídeo na web, como forma de as IES potenciarem a captação de alunos e como ferramenta de comunicação de uma imagem diferenciada.
Recorrendo a uma pesquisa que cruza dados de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa, este estudo identifica as tendências mais relevantes da criação e divulgação de vídeo na internet pelas universidades portuguesas, concluindo que se trata de uma prática generalizada, com uma grande variedade de formas de implementação, e frequentemente pouco estruturada.