bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ADAR1 inhibits adipogenesis and obesity by interacting with Dicer to promote the maturation of miR-155-5P
Authors: Yu Zuying , Luo Ruijie , Li Yutian , Li Xiaoguang , Yang Zhengrui , Peng Jiangtong , Huang Kai 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Adipogenesis is closely related to various metabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This cellular process is highly dependent on the expression and sequential activation of a diverse group of transcription factors. Here, we report that ADAR1 (also known as ADAR) could inhibit adipogenesis through binding with Dicer (also known as DICER1), resulting in enhanced production of miR-155-5p, which downregulates the adipogenic early transcription factor C/EBPβ. Consequently, the expression levels of late-stage adipogenic transcription factors (C/EBPα and PPARγ) are reduced and adipogenesis is inhibited. More importantly, in vivo studies reveal that overexpression of ADAR1 suppresses white adipose tissue expansion in high fat diet-induced obese mice, leading to improved metabolic phenotypes, such as insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
Individual variation in natural or manipulated corticosterone does not covary with circulating glucose in a wild bird
Authors: Taff Conor C. , Zimmer Cedric , Ryan Thomas A. , van Oordt David Chang , Aborn David A. , Ardia Daniel R. , Johnson L. Scott , Rose Alexandra P. , Vitousek Maren N. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Animals respond to sudden challenges with a coordinated set of physiological and behavioral responses that enhance the ability to cope with stressors. While general characteristics of the vertebrate stress response are well described, it is not as clear how individual components covary between or within individuals. A rapid increase in glucocorticoids coordinates the stress response and one of the primary downstream results is an increase in glucose availability via reduced glucose utilization. Here, we asked whether between- and within-individual variation in corticosterone directly predict variation in glucose. We collected 2673 paired glucose and corticosterone measures from 776 tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) from four populations spanning the species range. In adults, glucose and corticosterone both increased during a standardized restraint protocol in all four populations. Moreover, in one population experimentally increasing a precursor that stimulates corticosterone release resulted in a further increase in both measures. In contrast, nestlings did not show a robust glucose response to handling or manipulation. Despite this group-level variation, there was very little evidence in any population that between-individual variation in corticosterone predicted between-individual variation in glucose regulation. Glucose was moderately repeatable within individuals, but within-individual variation in glucose and corticosterone were unrelated. Our results highlight the fact that a strong response in one aspect of the coordinated acute stress response (corticosterone) does not necessarily indicate that specific downstream components, such as glucose, will show similarly strong responses. These results have implications for understanding the evolution of integrated stress response systems.
Linking Gait Biomechanics and Daily Steps After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: LISEE CAROLINE , DAVIS-WILSON HOPE C. , EVANS-PICKETT ALYSSA , HORTON W. ZACHARY , BLACKBURN J. TROY , FRANZ JASON R. , THOMA LOUISE M. , SPANG JEFFREY T. , PIETROSIMONE BRIAN G. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Aberrant biomechanics and altered loading frequency are associated with poor knee joint health in osteoarthritis development. After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), individuals demonstrate underloading (lesser vertical ground reaction force (vGRF)) with stiffened knee gait biomechanics (lesser knee extension moment (KEM) and knee flexion angle) and take fewer daily steps as early as 6 months after surgery. The purpose of this cross-sectional laboratory study is to compare gait biomechanics throughout stance between individuals 6–12 months after ACLR who take the lowest, moderate, and highest daily steps.

Methods
Individuals with primary, unilateral history of ACLR between the ages of 16 and 35 yr were included (n = 36, 47% females; age, 21 ± 5 yr; months since ACLR, 8 ± 2). Barefoot gait biomechanics of vGRF (body weight), KEM (body weight × height), and knee flexion angle during stance were collected and time normalized. Average daily steps were collected via a waist-mounted accelerometer in free-living settings over 7 d. Participants were separated into tertiles based on lowest daily steps (3326–6042 daily steps), moderate (6043–8198 daily steps), and highest (8199–12,680 daily steps). Biomechanical outcomes of the ACLR limb during stance were compared between daily step groups using functional waveform gait analyses.

Results
There were no significant differences in sex, body mass index, age, or gait speed between daily step groups. Individuals with the lowest daily steps walk with lesser vGRF and lesser KEM during weight acceptance, and lesser knee flexion angle throughout stance in the ACLR limb compared with individuals with highest and moderate daily steps.

Conclusions
After ACLR, individuals who take the fewest daily steps also walk with lesser vGRF during weight acceptance and a stiffened knee strategy throughout stance. These results highlight complex interactions between joint loading parameters after ACLR.
Effects of a 10-Month Neuromuscular Training Program on Strength, Power, Speed, and Vault Performance in Young Female Gymnasts
Authors: MOESKOPS SYLVIA , OLIVER JON L. , READ PAUL J. , HAFF G. GREGORY , MYER GREGORY D. , LLOYD RHODRI S. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate a 10-month neuromuscular training (NMT) intervention on isometric and dynamic kinetics, standing long jump (SLJ) distance, speed, and sport-specific performance.

Methods
Forty-three prepubertal female gymnasts were allocated into either a gymnastics + NMT (gNMT; n = 16), gymnastics only (GYM, n = 15), or maturity-matched control (CON; n = 12) group. The gNMT followed a 10-month, twice-weekly NMT program that targeted movement competency, strength, power, and speed. Vaulting vertical take-off velocity, speed, SLJ distance, and kinetics during an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), countermovement jump (CMJ), and drop jump (DJ) were measured at baseline and thereafter at 4, 7, and 10 months. Within-group differences were calculated using 3 × 4 repeated-measures ANCOVA.

Results
Interaction effects were observed for SLJ distance and various IMTP, DJ, and vaulting variables. The gNMT showed significant improvements in IMTP absolute force and SLJ distance after 4 months and each subsequent testing session. IMTP relative force and various CMJ and DJ kinetics significantly improved in the gNMT from 7 months. Significant gains in speed and vaulting take-off velocity occurred after 10 months. The GYM group achieved some significant improvements in CMJ impulse, absolute isometric strength, and DJ spring-like behavior, whereas the CON group did not experience any changes.

Conclusions
The addition of NMT to gymnastics training improved various isometric and dynamic kinetics, SLJ distance, speed, and vaulting take-off velocity in the gNMT, changes that were not equally evidenced for GYM or CON. The threshold for most of the training-induced adaptations observed in IMTP relative force, CMJ and DJ kinetics, sprint speed, and vaulting were achieved after 7 months, emphasizing the efficacy of long-term NMT programs for young gymnasts.
Clinical outcomes and efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy in children, adolescents, and young adults with metastatic solid tumors
Authors: Baliga Sujith , Matsui Jennifer , Klamer Brett , Cetnar Ashley , Ewing Ashlee , Cadieux Catherine , Gupta Ajay , Setty Bhuvana A , Roberts Ryan D , Olshefski Randal S , Cripe Timothy P , Scharschmidt Thomas J , Aldrink Jennifer , Mardis Elaine , Yeager Nicholas D , Palmer Joshua David 
Published: January 2022

Objective: The objective of this study is to report disease outcomes and toxicity with the use of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the treatment of pediatric metastatic disease. Methods: All pediatric and adolescent young adult (AYA) patients’ who received SBRT were included between the years 2000 and 2020. Study endpoints included local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), cumulative incidence (CI) of death or local failure and toxicity. The end points with respect to survival and LC were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier estimate. The cumulative incidence of local failure was calculated using death as a competing risk. Results: 16 patients with 36 lesions irradiated met inclusion criteria and formed the study cohort. The median OS and PFS for the entire cohort were 17 months and 15.7 months, respectively. The 1 year OS for the entire cohort was 75%. The 6- and 12 month local control was 85 and 78%, respectively. There were no local failures in irradiated lesions for patients who received a BED10≥100 Gy. Patients who were treated with SBRT who had ≤5 metastatic lesions at first recurrence had a superior 1 year OS of 100 vs 50% for those with >5 lesions. One patient (6.3%) experienced a Grade 3 central nervous system toxicity. Conclusion: LC was excellent with SBRT delivered to metastatic disease, particularly for lesions receiving a BED10≥100 Gy. High-grade toxicity was rare in our patient population. Patients with five or fewer metastatic sites have a significantly better OS compared to >5 sites. Advances in knowledge: This study demonstrates that SBRT is safe and efficacious in the treatment of pediatric oligometastatic disease.
Estimating the sample size of sham-controlled randomized controlled trials using existing evidence
Authors: Siontis George C.M. , Nikolakopoulou Adriani , Sweda Romy , Mavridis Dimitris , Salanti Georgia 
Published: January 2022

Background: In randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the power is often ‘reverse engineered’ based on the number of participants that can realistically be achieved. An attractive alternative is planning a new trial conditional on the available evidence; a design of particular interest in RCTs that use a sham control arm (sham-RCTs). Methods: We explore the design of sham-RCTs, the role of sequential meta-analysis and conditional planning in a systematic review of renal sympathetic denervation for patients with arterial hypertension. The main efficacy endpoint was mean change in 24-hour systolic blood pressure. We performed sequential meta-analysis to identify the time point where the null hypothesis would be rejected in a prospective scenario. Evidence-based conditional sample size calculations were performed based on fixed-effect meta-analysis. Results: In total, six sham-RCTs (981 participants) were identified. The first RCT was considerably larger (535 participants) than those subsequently published (median sample size of 80). All trial sample sizes were calculated assuming an unrealistically large intervention effect which resulted in low power when each study is considered as a stand-alone experiment. Sequential meta-analysis provided firm evidence against the null hypothesis with the synthesis of the first four trials (755 patients, cumulative mean difference -2.75 (95%CI -4.93 to -0.58) favoring the active intervention)). Conditional planning resulted in much larger sample sizes compared to those in the original trials, due to overoptimistic expected effects made by the investigators in individual trials, and potentially a time-effect association. Conclusions: Sequential meta-analysis of sham-RCTs can reach conclusive findings earlier and hence avoid exposing patients to sham-related risks. Conditional planning of new sham-RCTs poses important challenges as many surgical/minimally invasive procedures improve over time, the intervention effect is expected to increase in new studies and this violates the underlying assumptions. Unless this is accounted for, conditional planning will not improve the design of sham-RCTs.
The influence of extrovert and introvert personality types on the acceptance of virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey
Authors: Sanudin Siti Rasyidah , Rahmat Hawa , Chee Din Maizatul Azila , Akeb-Urai Najihah 
Published: January 2022

Background: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, all courses taught in Malaysian schools and universities were conducted entirely virtually, after a movement control order was imposed in Malaysian on 18th March 2020. According to the research by Offir et al., (2007), extroversion-introversion (E-I) personalities have been shown to influence students’ involvement in class, their learning style and their understanding of the course materials. The purpose of this research was to explore how extrovert and introvert personality traits influence the acceptance of virtual learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A case study was conducted, focusing on a group of students taught by one of the researchers in our research team, HR. A total of 31 Diploma students (13 first year students and 18 second year students) taking Grooming and Professional Etiquette at Multimedia University, Malaysia (MMU) participated in the study. Open-ended questions were used to learn about the personality of each participant, as well as to provide a better understanding on how the opposing personas differs in their experiences with virtual learning. Results: Our results showed that 54.83% (17) of the students were introverts, 29.03 % (9) were extroverts, and 16.1% (5) were private-public-introvert-extroverts (PPIEs). The results for the acceptance level of virtual learning varied based on the different personality types. Results showed the extroverts expressed that the virtual learning experience was unpleasant, while the introverts and the PPIEs found virtual learning a useful and pleasant experience. Conclusion: This study was mainly descriptive, with open-ended questions used to gain insight on how different personality types differ in their acceptance of fully virtual learning. In future studies, inferential analysis could be carried out to test the hypotheses and assumptions. Future studies could also compare and contrast both students and lecturers’ acceptance of, and engagement in, online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assessment of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Lebanese shoppers towards food labeling: The first steps in the Nutri-score roadmap
Authors: Hoteit Maha , Yazbeck Nour , Al-Jawaldeh Ayoub , Obeid Cecile , Fattah Heba Abdul , Ghader Marwa , Mohsen Hala 
Published: January 2022

Background: Food labeling is a fundamental educational tool for advocating for public awareness. It emphasizes knowledge of the nutrient content of food and thus directs the choice towards the healthiest food products. This cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding nutrition label use in Lebanon through a valid questionnaire. Methods: Overall, 768 participants (mean age: 30.8 ±12, males: 60.2%) were recruited randomly between February and May 2020. We used word of mouth and social media to recruit our sample population. Results: Social media was the most accessed tool to attain nutrition information by responders (39.8%). More than half the participants expressed positive attitudes to check information related to sugars (66.4%), vitamins (64.9%), total fats (61.7%), proteins (59.1%), and calories (58.7%) on the food label. Expiry date, price, and brand name were the top three considerations while reading food labels. About half (46.5%) reported to “always” look at the food label. Responders reported reading labels related primarily to sugars (44.3%), calories (38.8%), and total fats (36.8%). The optimal total KAP score was 46; our findings revealed a mean KAP score of 14.46 ±7 (31.4%). When categorizing the KAP scores, 15% had high scores, and 85% scored low. Spearman’s coefficients showed positive correlations between knowledge-attitude, knowledge-practice, and attitude-practice scores, with p<0.001. The regression analysis revealed that gender, age, BMI, residency area, educational level, university degree, health and diet statuses, and activity level were significant predictors of the KAP score. Being on a diet had the highest odds (OR=3.107, CI=1.904-5.072, p<0.001). Conclusion: The low awareness of food labels leads Lebanese people to choose unhealthy food options. A planned educational program is recommended to ease the interpretation of these labels.
Parametric modelling of rainfall return periods in south-western Nigeria: Survival analysis approach
Authors: Awodutire Phillip , Sasanya Blessing , Ufuoma Olohita , Balogun Oluwafemi Samson 
Published: January 2022

Background: Rainfall is the main source of water on the earth’s surface. It infiltrates and percolates deep into the soil for groundwater recharge. Rainfall patterns, amounts, durations, and intensities can vary daily, monthly, annually, and spatially. It is therefore important to accurately estimate rainfall return periods, which can be employed in hydraulic design and flood control measures. Methods: This research considered the survival analysis approach for the prediction of rainfall return periods including intensity, and months during which these would occur in south-western Nigeria. Twenty years’ of annual rainfall data were obtained from three metrological stations and these were subjected to nine different probability plotting position methods. Results from the plotting positions was further subjected to four survival models using five years of censor time. The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to determine the best-fitting model for the dataset. Results: The Laplace probability plotting position in conjunction with the log-logistic distribution best describes the datasets, since it gave the lowest AIC value of 22.53. The log-logistic distribution is also suitable for the prediction of return period from the Weibull probability plotting position since the AIC values were 6.934 and -4.332 respectively. The Hirsh plotting position in conjunction with the Weibull distribution is also suitable for the description of the dataset. Conclusion: The established parametric models are suitable for the accurate prediction of return periods of peak rainfall events during any month of the year.
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Antibody testing results, April – June 2021
Authors: Major-Smith Daniel , Matthews Sarah , Breeze Thomas , Crawford Michael , Woodward Hannah , Wells Nicholas , Mitchell Ruth , Molloy Lynn , Northstone Kate , Timpson Nicholas John 
Published: January 2022

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based cohort which recruited pregnant women in 1990-1992 and has followed these women, their partners (Generation 0; G0) and their offspring (Generation 1; G1) ever since. The study reacted rapidly and repeatedly to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, deploying multiple online questionnaires and a previous home-based antibody test in October 2020. A second antibody test, in collaboration with ten other longitudinal population studies, was completed by 4,622 ALSPAC participants between April and June 2021. Of 4,241 participants with a valid spike protein antibody test result (8.2% were void), indicating antibody response to either COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection, 3,172 were positive (74.8%). Generational differences were substantial, with 2,463/2,555 G0 participants classified positive (96.4%) compared to 709/1,686 G1 participants (42.1%). Of 4,199 participants with a valid nucleocapsid antibody test result (9.2% were void), suggesting potential and recent natural infection, 493 were positive (11.7%); 248/2,526 G0 participants (9.8%) and 245/1,673 G1 participants (14.6%) tested positive, respectively. We also compare results for this round of testing to that undertaken in October 2020. Future work will combine these test results with additional sources of data to identify participants’ COVID-19 infection and vaccination status. These ALSPAC COVID-19 serology data are being complemented with linkage to health records and Public Health England pillar testing results as they become available, in addition to four previous questionnaire waves and a prior antibody test. Data have been released as an update to the previous COVID-19 datasets. These comprise: 1) a standard dataset containing all participant responses to all four previous questionnaires with key sociodemographic factors; and 2) individual participant-specific release files enabling bespoke research across all areas supported by the study. This data note describes the second ALSPAC antibody test and the data obtained from it.
Development of a gamified cognitive training app “Social Brain Train” to enhance adolescent mental health: a participatory design study protocol
Authors: Minihan Savannah , Songco Annabel , Andrews Jack L. , Grunewald Karina , Werner-Seidler Aliza , Blakemore Sarah-Jayne , Christensen Helen , Fox Elaine , Goodyer Ian M. , Raffe William , Schweizer Susanne 
Published: January 2022

Background: Adolescence is a sensitive period for the onset of mental health disorders. Effective, easy-to-disseminate, scalable prevention and early interventions are urgently needed. Affective control has been proposed as a potential target mechanism. Training affective control has been shown to reduce mental health symptoms and improve emotion regulation. However, uptake and adherence to such training by adolescents has been low. Thus, the current study aims to receive end user (i.e., adolescents) feedback on a prototype of a novel app-based gamified affective control training program, the Social Brain Train. Methods: The proposed study aims to recruit participants aged 13-16 years old (N = 20) to provide user feedback on the Social Brain Train app. The first group of participants (n = 5) will complete an online questionnaire assessing demographics, symptoms of depression and anxiety, social rejection sensitivity and attitudes toward the malleability of cognition and mental health. They will complete two tasks assessing cognitive capacity and interpretation bias. Participants will be then be invited to an online group workshop, where they will be introduced to the app. They will train on the app for three days, and following app usage, participants will complete the aforementioned measures again, as well as provide ratings on app content, and complete a semi-structured interview to obtain in-depth user feedback, which will be used to inform modifications to the app. Following these modifications, a second group of participants (n = 15) will follow the same procedure, except they will train on the app for 14 days. Feedback from both groups of participants will be used to inform the final design. Conclusions: By including young people in the design of the Social Brain Train app, the proposed study will help us to develop a novel mental health intervention that young people find engaging, acceptable, and easy-to-use