bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative chromosome maps between the stone curlew and three ciconiiform species (the grey heron, little egret and crested ibis)
Authors: Wang Jinhuan , Su Weiting , Hu Yi , Li Shengbin , O’Brien Patricia C. M. , Ferguson-Smith Malcolm A. , Yang Fengtang , Nie Wenhui 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Previous cytogenetic studies show that the karyotypes of species in Ciconiiformes vary considerably, from 2n = 52 to 78. Their karyotypes include different numbers of small to minute bi-armed chromosomes that have evolved probably by fusions of two ancestral microchromosomes, besides macrochromosomes and dot-like microchromosomes. However, it is impossible to define the inter-species homologies of such small-sized bi-armed chromosomes based on chromosome morphology and banding characteristics. Although painting probes from the chicken (Gallus gallus, GGA) chromosomes 1–9 and Z have been widely used to investigate avian chromosome homologies, GGA microchromosome probes are rarely used in these studies because most GGA microchromosome probes generated by flow sorting often contain multiple GGA microchromosomes. In contrast, the stone curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus, BOE, Charadriiformes) has an atypical low diploid chromosome number (42) karyotype and only 4 pairs of dot-like microchromosomes; a set of chromosome-specific painting probes that cover all BOE chromosomes has been generated. To get a genome-wide view of evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements in different lineages of Ciconiiformes, we used BOE painting probes instead of GGA painting probes to analyze the karyotypes of three ciconiiform species belonging to two different families: the eastern grey heron (Ardea cinerea, ACI, 2n = 64, Ardeidae), the little egret (Egretta garzetta, EGA, 2n = 64, Ardeidae) and the crested ibis (Nipponia nippon, NNI, 2n = 68, Threskiornithidae).

Results
BOE painting probes display the same hybridization pattern on chromosomes of ACI and EGA, while a different hybridization pattern is observed on chromosomes of NNI. BOE autosome probes detected 21 conserved homologous segments and 5 fusions on the sixteen pairs of recognizable chromosomes of ACI and EGA, while 16 conserved homologous segments and 4 fusions were found on the twelve pairs of recognizable chromosomes of NNI. Only a portion of smaller bi-armed chromosomes in the karyotypes of the ciconiiform species could have evolved from fusions of ancestral microchromosomes. In particular BOE 5, which is the result of a fusion between two segments homologous to GGA 7 and 8 respectively, was retained also as either a single chromosome in ACI (ACI 5) and EGA (EGA 5) or had fused with a part of the BOE 10 equivalent in NNI (NNI 5).

Conclusion
Our painting results indicate that different chromosome rearrangements occur in different ciconiiform lineages. Some of the small-sized bi-armed chromosomes in ACI, EGA and NNI are derived from the fusions of two microchromosomes, indicating that microchromosome fusions play an important role in ciconiiform chromosome evolution. The fusion segment homologous to GGA 7 and 8 is a potential cytogenetic signature that unites Ardeidae and Threskiornithidae.
Comparative genomics of plant pathogenic Diaporthe species and transcriptomics of Diaporthe caulivora during host infection reveal insights into pathogenic strategies of the genus
Authors: Mena Eilyn , Garaycochea Silvia , Stewart Silvina , Montesano Marcos , Ponce De León Inés 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Diaporthe caulivora is a fungal pathogen causing stem canker in soybean worldwide. The generation of genomic and transcriptomic information of this ascomycete, together with a comparative genomic approach with other pathogens of this genus, will contribute to get insights into the molecular basis of pathogenicity strategies used by D. caulivora and other Diaporthe species.

Results
In the present work, the nuclear genome of D. caulivora isolate (D57) was resolved, and a comprehensive annotation based on gene expression and genomic analysis is provided. Diaporthe caulivora D57 has an estimated size of 57,86 Mb and contains 18,385 predicted protein-coding genes, from which 1501 encode predicted secreted proteins. A large array of D. caulivora genes encoding secreted pathogenicity-related proteins was identified, including carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), necrosis-inducing proteins, oxidoreductases, proteases and effector candidates. Comparative genomics with other plant pathogenic Diaporthe species revealed a core secretome present in all Diaporthe species as well as Diaporthe-specific and D. caulivora-specific secreted proteins. Transcriptional profiling during early soybean infection stages showed differential expression of 2659 D. caulivora genes. Expression patterns of upregulated genes and gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that host infection strategies depends on plant cell wall degradation and modification, detoxification of compounds, transporter activities and toxin production. Increased expression of effectors candidates suggests that D. caulivora pathogenicity also rely on plant defense evasion. A high proportion of the upregulated genes correspond to the core secretome and are represented in the pathogen-host interaction (PHI) database, which is consistent with their potential roles in pathogenic strategies of the genus Diaporthe.

Conclusions
Our findings give novel and relevant insights into the molecular traits involved in pathogenicity of D. caulivora towards soybean plants. Some of these traits are in common with other Diaporthe pathogens with different host specificity, while others are species-specific. Our analyses also highlight the importance to have a deeper understanding of pathogenicity functions among Diaporthe pathogens and their interference with plant defense activation.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for the treatment of portal hypertensive biliopathy with cavernous transformation of the portal vein: a case report
Authors: Zhao Ming , Wang Xiaoze , Liu Bangxi , Luo Xuefeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Portal hypertensive biliopathy (PHB) was caused by anatomical and functional abnormalities in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts secondary to portal hypertension. Currently, there is no consensus regarding to the optimal treatment for PHB. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is the treatment choice for the management of symptomatic PHB, however, it could be very difficult in patients with PHB and cavernous transformation of portal vein.

Case presentation
We report a case of PHB, successfully managed with TIPS. A 23-year-old man with liver cirrhosis presented with jaundice. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed multiple tortuous hepatopetal collateral vessels compressing the common bile duct (CBD) and leading to the dilated proximal bile duct. He was diagnosed with PHB and treated with TIPS. A guidewire was inserted into the appropriate collateral vessel through transsplenic approach to guide intrahepatic puncture and TIPS was performed successfully. After the operation, portal vein pressure decreased and the symptoms of biliary obstruction were relieved significantly. In addition, the patient showed no jaundice at a follow-up of one year.

Conclusions
For PHB patients presenting for cavernous transformation of the portal vein, which precludes the technical feasibility of TIPS, a combined transjugular/transsplenic approach could be an alternative option.
Submucosal oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Jia Yuting , Zhang Quanmao , Li Erfeng , Zhang Zhen , Chen Xing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Submucosal oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a quite infrequent and special type of oesophageal cancer. Its endoscopic manifestations are similar to those of submucosal oesophageal lesions, so it is easily ignored or misdiagnosed. Thus, the exact and timely diagnosis of oesophageal subepithelial lesions (SELs) is crucial. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) improves the diagnosis rate of malignant SELs without specific endoscopic presentations.

Case presentation
We report a 63-year-old patient with submucosal lesions of the oesophagus under endoscopy, but CT suggested mediastinal lymphadenectasis. Thus, there was a contradiction between them. After multidisciplinary consultation, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) resection was finally recommended. The lesion was completely resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection. Postoperative pathology reported poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and subsequent PET-CT examination provided clarity, revealing mediastinal lymph node metastasis.

Conclusions
Not all oesophageal SELs are benign, and a small number of SELs can be malignant. Submucosal oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a rare disease that may be characterized by oesophageal subepithelial lesions (SELs). Therefore, the precise and timely diagnosis of SELs is essential. If it is necessary to obtain lesion tissue for a definite diagnosis, ESD with less invasiveness is an excellent choice.
Public assistance program and depressive symptoms of the recipient: a cross-sectional Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study
Authors: Kino Shiho , Nishioka Daisuke , Ueno Keiko , Haseda Maho , Kondo Naoki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Mental health conditions among older recipients of public assistance should be considered because it has been reported that public assistance recipients tend to have higher risks of morbidity than non-recipients, and mental health is strongly related to frailty. We aimed to examine whether older recipients of public assistance were more likely to have depressive symptoms compared to non-recipients.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a 2016 community-based study of older adults. Poisson regression analyses with a robust error variance using fixed effects were conducted to examine the relationship between receiving public assistance and depressive symptoms controlling for sociodemographic factors. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale 15.

Results
We found that the older recipients of public assistance were 1.57 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47, 1.67) more likely to have depressive symptoms compared to non-recipients. We also found that, when additionally adjusting for indicators of social participation, this relationship was slightly attenuated; however, the recipients still had worse mental health issues (Prevalence ratio: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.42).

Conclusions
Even after controlling for sociodemographic factors, older recipients of public assistance tended to be more depressed than non-recipients. However, our findings also indicated that social participation could slightly attenuate the negative relationship between receiving public assistance and depressive symptoms. Therefore, the public assistance program needs to consider the inclusion of mental healthcare support in addition to financial support.
Severe Post-COVID-19 dysautonomia: a case report
Authors: Bosco Joan , Titano Ruwanthi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The emergence of dysautonomia as a consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; or COVID-19) is becoming more prevalent. We have seen evidence in several post-COVID patients and in the literature of varying degrees of autonomic dysfunction. Symptoms, among others, include inappropriate tachycardia, sweating, anxiety, insomnia and blood pressure variability from the effects of excessive catecholamine, as well as cognitive impairment, fatigue, headaches and orthostatic intolerance from decreased brain perfusion.

Case presentation
We present a case of severe dysautonomia in a previously healthy 27-year-old runner. About five weeks after her initial mild COVID-19 infection, the patient began to develop weakness, which progressed into severe post-exertional fatigue, slowed cognition, headaches, blurred vision and generalized body aches. She also endorsed palpitations, especially when getting up from a seated or lying position as well as with mild exertion. She became reliant on her husband for help with her activities of daily living. Exam was significant for orthostasis; laboratory workup unremarkable. Over the following months, the patient’s symptoms have improved slowly with fluid and sodium intake, compression stockings and participating in a graduated exercise program.

Conclusions
Dysautonomia as a consequence of infection with COVID-19 is becoming increasingly discussed, especially as more patients recover from COVID-19. This is a case of a non-hospitalized patient with a mild initial presentation and significant, debilitating dysautonomia symptoms. More research on its pathophysiology, especially in relation to a precedent viral insult, as well as its treatment, is needed.
Fetal heart rate evolution patterns in cerebral palsy associated with umbilical cord complications: a nationwide study
Authors: Hasegawa Junichi , Nakao Masahiro , Ikeda Tomoaki , Toyokawa Satoshi , Jojima Emi , Satoh Shoji , Ichizuka Kiyotake , Tamiya Nanako , Nakai Akihito , Fujimori Keiya , Maeda Tsugio , Takeda Satoru , Suzuki Hideaki , Ueda Shigeru , Iwashita Mitsutoshi , Ikenoue Tsuyomu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of the present study was to clarify fetal heart rate (FHR) evolution patterns in infants with cerebral palsy (CP) according to different types of umbilical cord complications.

Methods
This case–control study included children born: with a birth weight   ≥2000 g, at gestational age   ≥33 weeks, with disability due to CP, and between 2009 and 2014. Obstetric characteristics and FHR patterns were compared among patients with CP associated with (126 cases) and without (594 controls) umbilical cord complications.

Results
There were 32 umbilical cord prolapse cases and 94 cases with coexistent antenatal umbilical cord complications. Compared with the control group, the persistent non-reassuring pattern was more frequent in cases with coexistent antenatal umbilical cord complications (p = 0.012). A reassuring FHR pattern was observed on admission, but resulted in prolonged deceleration, especially during the first stage of labor, and was significantly identified in 69% of cases with umbilical cord prolapse and 35% of cases with antenatal cord complications, compared to 17% of control cases (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Hypercoiled cord and abnormal placental umbilical cord insertion, may be associated with CP due to acute hypoxic-ischemic injury as well as sub-acute or chronic adverse events during pregnancy, while umbilical cord prolapse may be characterized by acute hypoxic-ischemic injury during delivery.
Incidence of anemia and predictors among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected children on antiretroviral therapy at public health facilities of Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia: multicenter retrospective follow up study
Authors: Kerebeh Gashaw , Ayalew Yeneneh , Kefale Demewoz , Chanie Ermias Sisay , Misganaw Natnael Moges , Feleke Dejen Getaneh , Kassaw Amare , Tigabu Agimasie , Bantie Berihun , Tamirat Mahlet , Mengesha Teshale , Azmeraw Molla , Endalamaw Aklilu 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Anemia is one of the common hematological problems among HIV-infected children. It impairs physical functioning, affects the quality of life, increases HIV progression, and decreases survival of HIV-infected children. In Ethiopia, limited studies were conducted on the incidence and predictors of anemia among HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Therefore, this study aims to assess the incidence of anemia and predictors among HIV- infected children on ART at public health facilities of Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 403 HIV- infected children who have followed at ART clinics in public health facilities of Bahir Dar City from 2010 to 2020. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study units. Data was entered using Epi-data version 4.6 and analyzed using STATA 14.0. Cox proportional hazard model assumption was checked graphically and by scaled Schoenfeld residual test. Bivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression model was employed for each explanatory variable to check the association with the outcome variable. Variables with a p-value of < 0.2 in the bivariable analysis were candidates to the multivariable proportional hazard model. Cox proportional hazards model was used at a 5% level of significance to identify predictors of anemia.

Results
The overall follow up time was 1587 person–years. The overall incidence density of anemia was 6.87 with 95% confidence interval (CI) = (5.60, 8.16) per 100 person-years. The independent predictors show an association were child age from 0.25 to 5 years adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = (1.83; 95% CI = 1.22, 2.77), World health organization clinical stage III and IV (AHR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.22, 2.67), being underweight (AHR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.26), having fair/poor adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (AHR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.08, 2.85) and zidovidine based anti -retroviral therapy regimen (AHR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.12, 2.64).

Conclusion
The overall incidence rate of anemia was high compared to other country reports. Age, clinical, and ART-related variables provoked the incidence of anemia. Therefore, a need to emphasize the younger age group, prevent and manage opportunistic infections of WHO clinical stage III and IV, and select and monitor appropriate ART regimen types.
The prevalence of long-term rehabilitation following motor-vehicle crashes in Saudi Arabia: a multicenter study
Authors: Alghnam Suliman , Alghamdi Mashael , Alzahrani Sarah , Alzomai Sufyan , Alghannam Abdullah , Albabtain Ibrahim , Alsheikh Khalid , Bajowaiber Miasem , Alghamdi Ali , Alibrahim Fatimah , Aldibasi Omar 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
In Saudi Arabia, motor-vehicle crashes (MVC) are the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). There is limited information locally on the magnitude and need for rehabilitation following MVC. This study examined the prevalence of MVC patients requiring long-term rehabilitation and the epidemiology of associated injuries.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted at four hospitals of the National Guard Hospitals Affairs from January 2016 to March 2019. The study used data from an institutional trauma registry of all MVC admissions. Chi-square tests, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to compare patients requiring long-term and short-term rehabilitation.

Results
The study included 506 patients. The study population was relatively young, with an average age was 32.8 ± 15.5 years, and the majority were males. Over two-thirds (71.3%) of patients required long-term rehabilitation. Half the patients sustained multiple fractures, and 17.0% sustained traumatic brain injuries. Overall, 53.1 and 61.8% of patients required occupational and physiotherapy, respectively. Those admitted to the intensive care unit were four times more likely to need long-term rehabilitation.

Conclusions
We found a significant burden of long-term rehabilitation following MVC. Patients were relatively young, thus posing a significant burden on future healthcare utilization. Policymakers should use these findings to guide primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention to improve health outcomes.
Benefits of early application of pelvic circumferential compression device to reduce bleeding in pelvic fractures
Authors: Rungsinaporn Visit , Akkarawanit Pawin , Kongmalai Pinkawas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
To study of efficacy of early pelvic circumferential compression device using in patients with suspected pelvic trauma, compared with conventional stepwise approach.

Methods
Traumatic injury and at least one of the following criteria are required for inclusion: loss of consciousness or a Glasgow coma score (GCS) of less than 13; systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg; falling from more than 6 m; injury to several important organs; and a positive pelvic compression test. Patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria for the experimental group were given an early application of a commercial pelvic sling beginning in July 2019. The control group consisted of cases who got the device after clinical or radiological confirmation of a pelvic fracture in the previous year. Gender, age, mechanism of injury, GCS, hospital stay, amount of packed red blood cell transfusion, hematocrit in emergency room, and hematocrit 24 h after application of pelvic binder were all assessed and compared.

Results
The study had a total of 30 participants, with 15 in each group. The number of packed red blood cell transfusions in the early pelvic binder group (0.80 ± 1.42) is considerably lower than in the control group (2.4 ± 2.32) (P = 0.008), although the hematocrit change is not statistically different between the groups (2.1 VS 0.7) (P = 0.191). The time it took to install a pelvic binder was considerably shorter in the early pelvic binder group (16.40 ± 5.45) than in the control group (40.40 ± 13.64) (P = 0.001). There were no problems associated to soft tissue and skin necrosis in either group of patients.

Conclusions
The use of the PCCD for 24 h prior to clinical and radiographic confirmation has significantly reduced the rate of packed red blood cell transfusion in any pelvic fracture patient without device-related complications.

Trial registration
The study was entered into the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20210809007).