bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental education moderates the association between indoor moisture environment and asthma in adolescents: the Greek Global Asthma Network (GAN) cross-sectional study
Authors: Antonogeorgos George , Liakou Evangelia , Koutsokera Alexandra , Drakontaeidis Pavlos , Thanasia Marina , Mandrapylia Maria , Fouzas Sotirios , Ellwood Philippa , García-Marcos Luis , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. , Priftis Kostas N. , Douros Konstantinos 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
Asthma is a major contributor to childhood morbidity. Several environmental and socioeconomic status (SES) factors have been implicated in its etiopathogeneses such as indoor moisture and parental education level. Our study examined the association between exposure to indoor dampness and/or mould (IDM) with adolescent asthma and how parental education could modify or mediate this relationship.

Method
A total of 1934 adolescents (boys: 47.5%, mean age (standard variation): 12.7(0.6) years) and their parents were voluntarily enrolled and completed a validated questionnaire on adolescents’ asthma status, parental educational level, and adolescents’ indoor exposure to IDM during three different lifetime periods, i.e., pregnancy, the first year of life and the current time.

Results
There was a significant modification effect of parental education only for the current exposure; higher parental education lowered almost 50% the odds of IDM and asthma (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.96, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): (1.05–3.68) and aOR:1.55, 95% CI (1.04–2.32), for primary/secondary and tertiary parental education, respectively).

Conclusion
Adolescents whose parents had a higher education level had lesser odds to have asthma, even if they were exposed to a moisture home environment. This could be attributed to the increased knowledge about asthma risk factors and the improved measures for the amelioration of moisture-home environment that highly educated parents are more likely to take. Further research is needed in order to elucidate the interweaved role of family SES in the aforementioned relation.
Healthcare costs of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Denmark – specialist care versus GP care only
Authors: Lykkegaard Jesper , Nielsen Jesper Bo , Storsveen Maria Munch , Jarbøl Dorte Ejg , Søndergaard Jens 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are treated in general practice only and have never received specialist care for COPD. They are seldom included in COPD cost studies but may account for a substantial proportion of the total costs.

Objective
To estimate and specify the total healthcare costs of patients who are treated for COPD in Denmark comparing those who have- and have not had specialist care for COPD.

Setting
Denmark, population 5.7 million citizens.

Methods
Via national registers, we specified the total healthcare costs of all + 30-years-old current users of respiratory pharmaceuticals. We identified the patients with COPD and compared those with at least one episode of pulmonary specialist care to those with GP care only.

Results
Among totally 329,428 users of respiratory drugs, we identified 46,084 with specialist-care- and 68,471 with GP-care-only COPD. GP-care-only accounted for 40% of the two populations’ total healthcare costs. The age- and gender-adjusted coefficient relating the individual total costs specialist-care versus GP-care-only was 2.19. The individual costs ranged widely and overlapped considerably (p25-75: specialist-care €2,175—€12,625, GP-care-only €1,110—€4,350). Hospital treatment accounted for most of the total cost (specialist-care 78%, GP-care-only 62%; coefficient 2.81), pharmaceuticals (specialist-care 16%, GP-care-only 27%; coefficient 1.28), and primary care costs (specialist-care 6%, GP-care-only 11%; coefficient 1.13). The total costs of primary care pulmonary specialists were negligible.

Conclusion
Healthcare policy makers should consider the substantial volume of patients who are treated for COPD in general practice only and do not appear in specialist statistics.
Development of the European Healthcare and Social Cost Database (EU HCSCD) for use in economic evaluation of healthcare programs
Authors: Espín Jaime , Špacírová Zuzana , Rovira Joan , Epstein David , Olry de Labry Lima Antonio , García-Mochón Leticia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Costs are one of the critical factors for the transferability of the results in health technology assessment and economic evaluation. The objective is to develop a cost database at the European level to facilitate cross-border cost comparisons in different settings and explains the factors that lead to differences in healthcare costs in different countries, taking into account the differences between health systems and other factors.

Methodology
The core of the database is compounded of three main categories (primary resources, composite goods and services, and complex processes and interventions) organized into 13 subcategories. A number of elements providing as detailed information of unit cost as possible were identified in order to mitigate the problem of comparability. Consortium partners validated both the database structure and selected costing items.

Results
Twenty-seven costing items included in the EU HCSCD resulted in 1450 unit costs when taking into account all item subtypes and countries. Cross-country differences in costs are driven by the type of resources included in the costing items (e.g., overhead costs in case of complex processes and interventions) or by the variety of existing brands and/or models and the type of unit value in most of the primary resources.

Conclusion
The EU HCSCD is the only public unit healthcare and social cost database at European level that gather data on unit costs and explains differences in costs across countries. Its maintenance and regular data updating will enable establishing specific systems for generating and recording information that will meet many of its current limitations.
Phylogenomic analysis of Syngnathidae reveals novel relationships, origins of endemic diversity and variable diversification rates
Authors: Stiller Josefin , Short Graham , Hamilton Healy , Saarman Norah , Longo Sarah , Wainwright Peter , Rouse Greg W. , Simison W. Brian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Seahorses, seadragons, pygmy pipehorses, and pipefishes (Syngnathidae, Syngnathiformes) are among the most recognizable groups of fishes because of their derived morphology, unusual life history, and worldwide distribution. Despite previous phylogenetic studies and recent new species descriptions of syngnathids, the evolutionary relationships among several major groups within this family remain unresolved.

Results
Here, we provide a reconstruction of syngnathid phylogeny based on genome-wide sampling of 1314 ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and expanded taxon sampling to assess the current taxonomy and as a basis for macroevolutionary insights. We sequenced a total of 244 new specimens across 117 species and combined with published UCE data for a total of 183 species of Syngnathidae, about 62% of the described species diversity, to compile the most data-rich phylogeny to date. We estimated divergence times using 14 syngnathiform fossils, including nine fossils with newly proposed phylogenetic affinities, to better characterize current and historical biogeographical patterns, and to reconstruct diversification through time. We present a phylogenetic hypothesis that is well-supported and provides several notable insights into syngnathid evolution. We found nine non-monophyletic genera, evidence for seven cryptic species, five potentially invalid synonyms, and identified a novel sister group to the seahorses, the Indo-Pacific pipefishes Halicampus macrorhynchus and H. punctatus. In addition, the morphologically distinct southwest Pacific seahorse Hippocampus jugumus was recovered as the sister to all other non-pygmy seahorses. As found in many other groups, a high proportion of syngnathid lineages appear to have originated in the Central Indo-Pacific and subsequently dispersed to adjoining regions. Conversely, we also found an unusually high subsequent return of lineages from southern Australasia to the Central Indo-Pacific. Diversification rates rose abruptly during the Middle Miocene Climate Transition and peaked after the closure of the Tethys Sea.

Conclusions
Our results reveal a previously underappreciated diversity of syngnathid lineages. The observed biogeographic patterns suggest a significant role of the southern Australasian region as a source and sink of lineages. Shifts in diversification rates imply possible links to declining global temperatures, the separation of the Atlantic and Pacific faunas, and the environmental changes associated with these events.
How do people who use drugs receiving Opioid Medication Therapy perceive their treatment ? A multicentre study
Authors: Guillou Landreat Morgane , Dany Antoine , Challet Bouju Gaelle , Laforgue Edouard-Jules , Cholet J. , Leboucher Juliette , Hardouin Jean Benoit ,   the OPAL Group, Bodenez Pierre , Grall-Bronnec Marie , Guillou-Landreat Morgane , Le Geay Bertrand , Martineau Isabelle , Levassor Philippe , Bolo Paul , Guillet Jean-Yves , Guillery Xavier , Dano Corine , Victorri Vigneau Caroline , Grall Bronnec Marie 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
The resurgence of heroin use and the misuse of pharmaceutical opioids are some of the reasons for a worldwide increase in opioid dependence. Opioid Medication Therapies (OMT) have amply demonstrated their efficacy. From a medical point of view, the main objectives of OMT concern medical and social outcomes, centred on risk reduction and the cessation of opioid use. But patient points of view can differ and few studies have explored opioid-dependent patient viewpoints on their OMT. This variable seems important to consider in a patient-centred approach. The aim of our study was to explore points of view of people who use drugs (PWUD) treated with OMT, in a large multicentre sample.

Method
A cross-sectional multicentre study explored the points of view of PWUD with Opioid Use Disorder following OMT. Data regarding the patients’ points of view were collected using a self-administered questionnaire developed by the scientific committee of the study. A descriptive analysis and an exploratory factor analysis were performed to explore the structure of items exploring patient viewpoints.

Results
263 opioid dependent PWUD were included, a majority were men consuming heroin prior to being prescribed OMT. 68% were on methadone, 32% were on buprenorphine. Most PWUD identified a positive impact on their lives, with 92.8% agreeing or strongly agreeing that OMT had changed a lot of things in their lives. The exploratory factor analysis identified three factors: (F1) items related to points of views concerning the objectives and efficacy of OMT; (F2) items related to the legitimacy of OMT as a treatment compared to a drug, (F3) items related to experiences and relationships with OMT.

Conclusion
Patient viewpoints on efficacy were correlated with the pharmacological benefits of OMT and with the associated psychosocial measures. The implications of OMT in relationships, such as the feeling of being judged, concerned a majority. Points of view were ambivalent concerning the role of OMT as a treatment or as a drug. Involving patient points of view in therapeutic strategies decisions could help enhance positive views among PWUD on OMT and help PWUD towards their recovery.
Trial registration: OPAL study was registered: (NCT01847729).
Co-targeting WIP1 and PARP induces synthetic lethality in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Miaoqin , Wang Weikai , Hu Shiman , Tong Yifan , Li Yiling , Wei Qi , Yu Lei , Zhu Liyuan , Zhu Yiran , Liu Leiming , Ju Zhenyu , Wang Xian , Jin Hongchuan , Feng Lifeng 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal cancers. Due to limited strategies for effective treatments, patients with advanced HCC have a very poor prognosis. This study aims to identify new insights in HCC to develop novel strategies for HCC management.

Methods
The role of WIP1 (wild type p53 induced protein phosphatase1) in HCC was analyzed in HCC cells, xenograft model, DEN (Diethylnitrosamine) induced mice liver cancer model with WIP1 knockout mice, and TCGA database. DNA damage was evaluated by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, western blotting, comet assay, and Immunofluorescence.

Results
High expression of WIP1 is associated with the poor prognosis of patients with HCC. Genetically and chemically suppression of WIP1 drastically reduced HCC cell proliferation. Besides, WIP1 knockout retarded DEN induced mice hepato-carcinogenesis. Mechanically, WIP1 inhibition induced DNA damage by increasing H2AX phosphorylation (γH2AX). Therefore, suppression of WIP1 and PARP induced synthetic lethality in HCC in vitro and in vivo by augmenting DNA damage.

Conclusion
WIP1 plays an oncogenic effect in HCC development, and targeting WIP1-dependent DNA damage repair alone or in combination with PARP inhibition might be a reasonable strategy for HCC management.
Prediction of 3-year risk of diabetic kidney disease using machine learning based on electronic medical records
Authors: Dong Zheyi , Wang Qian , Ke Yujing , Zhang Weiguang , Hong Quan , Liu Chao , Liu Xiaomin , Yang Jian , Xi Yue , Shi Jinlong , Zhang Li , Zheng Ying , Lv Qiang , Wang Yong , Wu Jie , Sun Xuefeng , Cai Guangyan , Qiao Shen , Yin Chengliang , Su Shibin , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Established prediction models of Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are limited to the analysis of clinical research data or general population data and do not consider hospital visits. Construct a 3-year diabetic kidney disease risk prediction model in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using machine learning, based on electronic medical records (EMR).

Methods
Data from 816 patients (585 males) with T2DM and 3 years of follow-up at the PLA General Hospital. 46 medical characteristics that are readily available from EMR were used to develop prediction models based on seven machine learning algorithms (light gradient boosting machine [LightGBM], eXtreme gradient boosting, adaptive boosting, artificial neural network, decision tree, support vector machine, logistic regression). Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) was used to interpret the results of the best performing model.

Results
The LightGBM model had the highest AUC (0.815, 95% CI 0.747–0.882). Recursive feature elimination with random forest and SHAP plot based on LightGBM showed that older patients with T2DM with high homocysteine (Hcy), poor glycemic control, low serum albumin (ALB), low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and high bicarbonate had an increased risk of developing DKD over the next 3 years.

Conclusions
This study constructed a 3-year DKD risk prediction model in patients with T2DM and normo-albuminuria using machine learning and EMR. The LightGBM model is a tool with potential to facilitate population management strategies for T2DM care in the EMR era.
Intimate partner violence against married and cohabiting women in sub-Saharan Africa: does sexual autonomy matter?
Authors: Aboagye Richard Gyan , Dadzie Louis Kobina , Arthur-Holmes Francis , Okyere Joshua , Agbaglo Ebenezer , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Literature shows that women’s sexual autonomy, which refers to women’s capacity to refuse sex and ask a partner to use condom, has significant implications on the sexual and reproductive health outcomes and sexual-and-gender based violence. Nevertheless, there is scarcity of empirical evidence to support the association between women’s sexual autonomy and intimate partner violence (IPV) in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods
Data for the study were extracted from the recent Demographic and Health Surveys in 24 countries in sub-Saharan Africa between 2010 and 2019. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between sexual autonomy and IPV in all the studied countries. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
The pooled prevalence of IPV and sexual autonomy in the 24 countries were 38.5% and 73.0% respectively. Overall, the odds of exposure to IPV were higher among women with sexual autonomy, compared to those without sexual autonomy even after controlling for covariates (age, level of education, marital status, current working status, place of residence, wealth quintile and media exposure). At the country-level, women from Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Gabon, Cote d’lvoire, Gambia, Mali, Nigeria, Kenya, Comoros, Zambia, and South Africa who had sexual autonomy were more likely to experience IPV whilst those in Burundi were less likely to experience IPV. The study showed that sexual autonomy increases women’s exposure to IPV and this occurred in many countries except Burundi where women with sexual autonomy were less likely to experience IPV.

Conclusion
The findings highlight the need for serious programs and policies to fight against IPV in the sub-region. Additionally, laws need to be passed and implemented, with law enforcement agencies provided with the necessary resources to reduce intimate partner violence among women with sexual autonomy.
Prosthetic embodiment: systematic review on definitions, measures, and experimental paradigms
Authors: Zbinden Jan , Lendaro Eva , Ortiz-Catalan Max 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe term embodiment has become omnipresent within prosthetics research and is often used as a metric of the progress made in prosthetic technologies, as well as a hallmark for user acceptance. However, despite the frequent use of the term, the concept of prosthetic embodiment is often left undefined or described incongruently, sometimes even within the same article. This terminological ambiguity complicates the comparison of studies using embodiment as a metric of success, which in turn hinders the advancement of prosthetics research. To resolve these terminological ambiguities, we systematically reviewed the used definitions of embodiment in the prosthetics literature. We performed a thematic analysis of the definitions and found that embodiment is often conceptualized in either of two frameworks based on body representations or experimental phenomenology. We concluded that treating prosthetic embodiment within an experimental phenomenological framework as the combination of ownership and agency allows for embodiment to be a quantifiable metric for use in translational research. To provide a common reference and guidance on how to best assess ownership and agency, we conducted a second systematic review, analyzing experiments and measures involving ownership and agency. Together, we highlight a pragmatic definition of prosthetic embodiment as the combination of ownership and agency, and in an accompanying article, we provide a perspective on a multi-dimensional framework for prosthetic embodiment. Here, we concluded by providing recommendations on metrics that allow for outcome comparisons between studies, thereby creating a common reference for further discussions within prosthetics research.
Conventional, functional and radiomics assessment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Granata Vincenza , Fusco Roberta , Belli Andrea , Borzillo Valentina , Palumbo Pierpaolo , Bruno Federico , Grassi Roberta , Ottaiano Alessandro , Nasti Guglielmo , Pilone Vincenzo , Petrillo Antonella , Izzo Francesco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
This paper offers an assessment of diagnostic tools in the evaluation of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Methods
Several electronic datasets were analysed to search papers on morphological and functional evaluation in ICC patients. Papers published in English language has been scheduled from January 2010 to December 2021.

Results
We found that 88 clinical studies satisfied our research criteria. Several functional parameters and morphological elements allow a truthful ICC diagnosis. The contrast medium evaluation, during the different phases of contrast studies, support the recognition of several distinctive features of ICC. The imaging tool to employed and the type of contrast medium in magnetic resonance imaging, extracellular or hepatobiliary, should change considering patient, departement, and regional features. Also, Radiomics is an emerging area in the evaluation of ICCs.
Post treatment studies are required to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of therapies so as the patient surveillance.

Conclusions
Several morphological and functional data obtained during Imaging studies allow a truthful ICC diagnosis.
Can producer groups improve technical efficiency among artisanal shrimpers in Nigeria? A study accounting for observed and unobserved selectivity
Authors: Adetoyinbo Ayobami , Otter Verena 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIt is widely recognized that participation in producer groups is advantageous for smallholders who must deal with complex production and marketing constraints and dynamic business environments. However, available data on this process are scarce in the fishery sector, while existing evidence is limited by smallholders’ potential self-selection into producer groups. This study, therefore, examined the selectivity-corrected role of fisher groups in improving shrimpers’ technological and technical efficiency. Using the latest primary data from artisan shrimpers in Nigeria, we applied propensity score matching and Greene’s selectivity stochastic production frontier model to control for selection bias from both observable and unobservable factors. Empirical results from our metafrontier approach show that technical efficiency scores for members tend to be overestimated if selectivity is not properly controlled. However, the technical efficiencies and productivities of members were significantly higher regardless of how biases were corrected, implying that participation in fisher groups is positively related to increases in shrimpers’ capture and technical efficiency. Further findings suggest that current artisanal fisher groups are “production-oriented” as they ensure that members access vital shrimping inputs at lower costs. With declining returns to scale for members, the study concludes that without public and private support for collective action in the fishery sector, membership in artisanal fisher groups may not lead to significant improvement in shrimpers’ productivity. The study discusses several recommendations on how collective action can be further encouraged and developed among artisan fishers.