bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation in δ 13 C of Pinus yunnanensis and Pinus armandi at different stand ages
Authors: Liu Yuanxi , Wu Junwen , Wu Danzi , Li Shiming , Wang Lina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeasonal drought is common in Yunnan province, and water is the dominant factor limiting the growth ofPinus. yunnanensisandPinus. armandi. The water use efficiency (WUE) of the two species is poorly understood. Needles were collected in a plantation (P. yunnanensisandP. armandimixed forest) in four seasons, and the needle δ13C values were measured. The selected species had larger δ13C values and exhibited higher WUE than typical subtropical species.P. armandineedles showed a more conservative water use strategy (high WUE) thanP. yunnanensis. There were significant differences in the δ13C values ofP. armandibetween the two ages, whereas no difference was observed in the δ13C values ofP. yunnanensis. The lowest δ13C value in the youngP. armandiforest was observed in spring, whereas the δ13C value of middle-aged forests did not differ between the seasons. The δ13C value of youngP. yunnanensisforests showed no difference in the four seasons, and the maximum value was observed in summer in middle-aged forests. In general, the δ13C value ofP. armandiwas lowest in spring, whereas that ofP. yunnanensiswas higher in spring and winter. The needle δ13C values were lower in spring and winter, indicating that the season had different effects on the δ13C values of different tree species. Correlation analysis between the needle δ13C values and meteorological data indicated that temperature and precipitation were the dominant factors affecting WUE inP. yunnanensisandP. armandi. However, the tree species were not sensitive to moisture and temperature. Under the same climatic conditions, the effect of temperature on WUE was greater inP. yunnanensismiddle-aged stands, and temperature and moisture affected the tree species during growth. These results suggest that WUE is significantly different inP. yunnanensisandP. armandiin two stand ages, and temperature and precipitation affect the WUE of the two Coniferous species. The identification and selection of subtropical tree species with high WUE are critical to maintaining high levels of forest benefits under limited water conditions.
Tough and biodegradable polyurethane-silica hybrids with rapid sol-gel transition for bone repair
Authors: Chung Justin , Park Su jeong , Im Seung hyuk , Kim Donghak , Park Doyeun , Jung Youngmee , Han Hyung-seop , Kim Soo hyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInorganic–organic hybrid materials have promising properties for bone repair because of their covalent bonding between the inorganic and organic phases. This fine interaction allows us to overcome the limitations of composite materials, such as inhomogeneous biodegradation rates and non-biointeractive surfaces. In this study, a polycaprolactone (PCL)-based polyurethane (PU) with an organosilane functional group was synthesized for the first time. Thereafter, a biodegradable PU-silica hybrid was produced through a sol-gel process. The PU-silica hybrid was not only tough and flexible but also fully biodegradable. In addition to this, the urethane bonding enabled the silane coupling agent to increase crosslinking between the polymer and silica network, as well as between polymer to polymer. Accordingly, a rapid sol-to-gel gelation time was required to produce the hybrids, which allowed the production of 3D porous hybrid scaffolds through a simple salt-leaching process. A hybrid scaffold with 30 wt. % silica composition was the most ideal material for a bone regenerative scaffold since it was able to withstand thermal deformation with promising mechanical properties. Moreover, the hybrid scaffold induced osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, to accelerate bone regeneration.
Study on the tool-chip friction coefficient of bottom edge in high-speed internal cooling spiral milling hole
Authors: Wu Jingyue , YIN Ningxia , Lv Liangliang , Mai Qingqun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The main focus of this work is the effect of the third body on the friction coefficient of the bottom edge tool-chip in spiral milling with internal cooling at high speeds. The maximum pressure of the tool-chip contact and the tool-chip friction factor of the bottom edge are estimated by evaluating the helical milling principle and milling experiments, and the Hertz-Mindlin with bonding discrete element model（DEM）is established and corrected. The friction coefficient of the bottom edge tool-chip in the process of high-speed internal cooling milling is discovered to decrease with an increase in the number of third bodies by examining the discrete element model and the morphology of the machined surface and the bottom edge. The third body increases as spindle speed increases but decreases as pitch increases. The research results provide a reference for the study of tool - chip friction coefficient in high-speed internal cooling helical milling.
Blocking of PI3-kinase beta protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing platelet activation and downstream microvascular thrombosis in rats
Authors: Cheng Qiong , Wang Min , jin rong , li guohong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase beta (PI3Kβ) plays an important role in platelet activation and thrombosis, but its role in stroke pathology remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether inhibition of PI3Kβ protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by preventing circulating platelet activation and downstream microvascular thrombosis. We used a rat intraluminal filament model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) because the rapid restoration of cerebral blood flow to the ischemic area in both tMCAO and endovascular thrombectomy provides clinical relevance for this model. The results showed that TGX221, a selective PI3Kβ inhibitor, treatment immediately before the onset of reperfusion dose-dependently reduced infarct volume and improved neurological function. The protective effects were associated with blocking platelet activation and thrombotic response, thereby reducing downstream microvascular thrombosis, and maintaining reperfusion efficiency. These results suggest that PI3Kβ might be a promising target for treating downstream microvascular thrombosis induced by cerebral I/R injury and offer a novel adjunctive treatment to improve reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke.
Singing more, singing harsher: occurrence of nonlinear phenomena in a primate' song
Authors: Cristiano Walter , Raimondi Teresa , Valente Daria , Chiara De Gregorio , Torti Valeria , Ferrario Valeria , Carugati Filippo , Miaretsoa Longondraza , Mancini Laura , Gamba Marco , Giacoma Cristina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Nonlinear phenomena (NLP) in animal vocalizations arise from irregularities in the oscillation of the vocal folds. Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain the occurrence of NLP, from adaptive to physiological ones. Non-human primates often display NLP in their vocalizations, yet the meaning of these features is still unclear. We present here the first study of NLP occurrence in the song of a singing primate: the indri (Indri indri). We found that the more an individual sings, the higher the likelihood of emitting NLP. Our results show that NLP occurrence in indri depends on phonation, i.e., the cumulative duration of all the units emitted by an individual. Furthermore, NLP occurrence depends on the timing of the signal and increases as the singing progresses. Our findings suggest that indris may be subjected to physiological constraints during the singing process which may limit the production of harmonic sounds because of the fatigue needed to perform loud and long calls. However, indris may still benefit from emitting NLP by strengthening the loudness of their signals for better advertising their presence to the neighboring conspecific groups.
Effect of the inclined angle of micro-milling tool on the fabrication of the microfluidic channel
Authors: Geng Yanquan , Zhang Suyu , Wang Jiqiang , Xiao Guijian , Li Chen , Yan Yongda 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Micro-milling is a common processing method for fabricating microfluidic chips or other micro products with high processing accuracy and low cost, suitable for mass production. The main concern of micro-milling is the surface roughness of the machined surface. However, the general study of the surface roughness of micro-milling can only find that only a small range of surface roughness can be obtained by changing the processing parameters. It is very difficult to obtain a specific roughness. In the process of micro-milling with end mills, due to the structural characteristics of the tool tip, the inclination angle of the tool will have a significant impact on the bottom surface of the machined channels. In this work, the influence of tool inclination on the surface roughness of machining was studied through the machining tests of inclined micro-milling on a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface, and it was proposed to realize the control of the machined surface roughness by inclined micro-milling. In addition, a theoretical model considering tool inclination was established to calculate the surface roughness of the machined bottom obtained by inclined micro-milling. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical model results in the lower speed range. Afterwards, the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used to replicate the microchannel machined on the PMMA surface, and the microfluidic chips were prepared to control the fluid flow in the channel by adjusting the roughness of the bottom of the channel. Results show that the smoother channel will flow first under the same flow pressure. The study offers a new idea of surface roughness control, which can be applied to flow control in microfluidic chips.
Genetic Algorithm Based Stabilization of Rotary Inverted Pendulum by State Feedback
Authors: ŞEN Fatma Nur , Beldek Ulaş 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A Rotary Inverted Pendulum is a standard test-bed in control theory due to its nonlinear and unstable characteristics. Driving the pendulum to an upright position, sustaining it motionless there, and carrying on signal tracking tasks at this position are the main control applications related to this test device. This paper presents a comparative study of four state feedback controller structures performing pole placement that theoretically stabilizes the pendulum at an upright position and in real-time application. The first state feedback controller is established based solely on the pendulum dynamics. In contrast, the other controllers are developed due to a multi-criteria optimization procedure by running a Genetic Algorithm search. The Quanser kit is used to obtain and implement the controllers and to test their performance in real-time.
Evaluation of snow depth from multiple observation-based, reanalysis, and regional climate model datasets over a low-altitude Central European region
Authors: Varga Ákos János , Breuer Hajnalka 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study evaluates snow depth (SD) from several data sources: a combined satellite-based and in situ snow water equivalent product from the Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS), a proxy dataset constructed from temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity using a snow model (CARPATCLIM), two state-of-the-art reanalyses by ECMWF (ERA5 and ERA5-Land), and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate simulations at grid spacings of 50 and 10 km. SD observations from weather stations are used as a reference for the pointwise comparison. The study area covers the Pannonian Basin region (part of Central and Eastern Europe). Results are presented for the 2006–2010 and 1985–2010 periods. All datasets adequately reproduce the annual cycle of SD but with different error magnitudes. The ERA5 reanalysis and the CGLS product represent SD remarkably well, with correlation coefficients above 0.9 and mean errors close to zero. On the other hand, ERA5-Land and CARPATCLIM overestimate daily mean SD by 2–3 cm for some stations and display lower correlations (0.7–0.9) during the 26-year time span. The WRF simulations significantly overestimate SD in the melting period (February–March). Reduction of the grid spacing from 50 to 10 km does not improve the results. The excessive snow cover might negatively impact land-atmosphere interactions in the model and lead to biases like temperature underestimation found in previous regional climate model evaluation studies. The results indicate that even in regions where snow is not a major climatic factor, SD errors can be substantial and should be considered in model evaluation and adaptation. Over the Carpathian Mountain ranges, SD from the different data sources diverges to the extent that the sign of the monthly mean model bias changes depending on the choice of the reference dataset.
Meteoric-Water Incursion, Crude-Oil Degradation And Calcite Cementation In An Upper Cretaceous Carbonate Reservoir: Bekhme Formnation, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Mansurbeg Howri , Mohialdeen Ibrahim , Al-Juboury Ali , Salih Namam , Alsuwaidi Mohammad , Shahrokhi Salahadin , Al-Aasm Ihsan , Permanyer Albert 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Effect of an external magnetic field on the self-focusing of a cosh-Gaussian laser beam in plasma under the relativistic-ponderomotive effect
Authors: Purohit Gunjan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This work presents an analytical and numerical study of the relativistic-ponderomotive effect on self-focusing of an intense cosh-Gaussian laser beam in a collisionless magnetized plasma by considering an external magnetic field in the direction of propagation of the laser beam. The nonlinear differential equation for the beam width parameter/intensity of a cosh-Gaussian laser beam in a magnetized plasma is obtained by Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) and paraxial-ray approximations. The self-focusing of the cosh-Gaussian beam at different values ​​of the magnetic field parameter is investigated. The results have also been compared to relativistic nonlinearity. The results show that the self-focusing effect of cosh- Gaussian beam in magnetized plasma becomes stronger, when relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearities acts together. In addition, the self-trapping of cosh-Gaussian beam in magnetized plasma has also been studied. Numerical results are presented for the well-established laser and plasma parameters.
Effect of abutment design on fracture resistance of resin-matrix ceramics crown for dental implant restoration: an in vitro study
Authors: Lin Jie , Cai Pingping , Zhuo Yingying , Lin Ling , Zheng Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance and fracture resistance of different resin-matrix ceramics materials as implant-supported single crowns with respect to the abutment design (crown thickness: 1 mm, 2mm and 3 mm).
Methods: Forty-eight aboutments and crowns were fabricated on implants right lower first molar simulating. Two resin-matrix ceramics materials for dental crowns were selected for study, (1)glass-ceramic in a resin interpenetrating matrix (Vita Enamic, Vita, Germany) and (2) resin-based composite with nanoparticle ceramic filler (Lava Ultimate, 3M ESPE, USA). The abutment is designed into the following three types: 1 mm thickness crown + custom titanium abutment, 2 mm thickness crown + custom titanium abutment and 3 mm crown + prefabricated titanium abutment. The experiment was divided into 6 groups (n=8) according to the crown materials and the abutment designs. After 10,000 thermocycling, fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine. The statistical differences in various groups were analyzed with ANOVA test followed by a post hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. The surface of the fractured specimen was examined with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results: 2-way ANOVA revealed that the factor of the abutment designs (F=28.44，P=1.52x10-8<0.001) and the crown materials (F=4.37，P=0.043<0.05) had a significant effect on the fracture resistance of implant crown restoration. The Lava Ultimate-2 mm group showed the highest fracture resistance of 2222.74±320.36 N, and the Vita Enamic-3 mm group showed the lowest fracture resistance of 1204.96±130.50 N. Most of the 1 mm and 2 mm groups had partial crown fracture that could be repaired directly with resin, while the 3 mm group had longitudinal fracture of the crown, and the crown was detached from the abutment.
Conclusion: Based on the in vitro data of this study, the fracture resistance of the 2 mm thick resin-matrix ceramics crown design is higher than that of the 1 mm and 3 mm groups. The 2 mm thick resin-matrix ceramics crown and personalized abutment are an option to replace zirconia as an implant crown restoration.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Higher Education Students Advising System: The Case of Ethiopia
Authors: Habte Dereje Tsegab 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Academic advisors assist students in academic matters such as registration, warning, probation and other personal matters. Successful advising systems increase student retention, improve graduation rates and help students meet educational goals. Research in academic advising shows a trend of integrating electronic technologies that advisors must adopt to increase their roles in student education, while resources are limited and the proportion of students increases. The main objective of this work is to design a model of academic advising dialogue system for higher education. In this research work, a Higher Education Students Advising System (HESAS) has developed as an academic advising dialogue system, to allow advising session to be more centered on students and to help advisors and advisees in making better informed-decision and improved services. The design of HESAS is composed of six main components. These are user interface, spelling corrector, natural language understanding, dialogue manager, response generator and advisement service. The students have used the system during the experimental phases. For the second experimental phase, the system performed well, obtaining close to 83%, on the traditional language processing measures of precision, recall and F1 score.
Plant functional types drive spatial and temporal variation in soil microbial community composition and extracellular enzyme activities in a tundra heath
Authors: Koranda Marianne , Rinnan Riikka , Michelsen Anders 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aims
In this study we investigated divergent effects of two dominant plant functional types in tundra heath, dwarf shrubs and mosses, on microbial decomposition processes and soil carbon (C) and nutrient cycling.
Methods
We analysed samples of organic soil under three dwarf shrub species of distinct mycorrhizal association and life form (Betula nana, Empetrum hermaphroditum and Arctostaphylos alpinus) and under three moss species (Hylocomium splendens, Aulacomnium turgidum and Tomentypnum nitens) in early and late growing season.
Results
Our results revealed contrasting effects of shrubs and mosses on extracellular enzyme activities and soil C and nutrient pools which were linked with strong differences in soil microbial community structure. Specifically, moss soils were characterized by a bacterial-dominated microbial community associated with high soil nitrogen availability, while shrubs promoted a fungal-dominated microbial community and soil C accrual. The variation in soil microbial community composition under different plant species was explained by mycorrhizal association, root morphology, litter and soil organic matter quality and soil pH-value. Furthermore, we found that the seasonal variation in microbial biomass and enzyme activities, driven by plant belowground C allocation during the growing season, was most pronounced under the tallest shrub B. nana.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates a close coupling of plant functional types with soil microbial communities, microbial decomposition processes and soil nutrient availability in tundra heath, which suggests potential strong impacts of global change-induced shifts in plant community composition on carbon and nutrient cycling in high-latitude ecosystems.
Endometriosis and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization analysis
Authors: Wang Li , Li Xuri , Wang Yan , Li Guofeng , Dai Shuzhen , Cao Mengying , Ren Songtao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground Endometriosis is a common disease and was considered a chronic, debilitating disease affecting an estimated 1790 million women worldwide. Observational studies have shown a link between endometriosis and ovarian cancer. Therefore, we sought to use Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using summary statistics from genome-wide association study (GWAS) of endometriosis and epithelia ovarian cancer to infer causal effects with genetic markers as a proxy for epithelial ovarian cancer. Results The analysis indicated a significant association between them. For histotype-specific analyses, there was strong evidence for an association of endometriosis with risk of endometrioid carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma and low malignant potential tumors. Conclusions These findings provide a theoretical basis for further research to increase the potential therapeutic benefit of endometriosis life management to prevent the onset and progression of ovarian cancer.
Thermal therapy modulation of the psoriasis-associated skin and gut microbiome
Authors: Manara* Serena , Beghini* Francesco , Masetti* Giulia , Armanini Federica , Geat Davide , Galligioni Giulia , Segata^ Nicola , Farina^ Stefania , Cristofolini^ Mario 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Psoriasis is a systemic immune-mediated disease primarily manifesting as skin redness and inflammation that affects 2–3% of the world population. No cure is currently available for this condition, and patients are offered pharmacological and non-pharmacological options to alleviate the discomfort and symptoms. Among non-pharmacological treatments for psoriasis, balneotherapy proved to be successful in reducing the skin areas affected by the disease. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the effect of thermal treatment on psoriatic skin have not been elucidated yet, and this effect could be in part mediated by the microbial population colonizing the skin, i.e. the skin microbiome. To gain some insights into this hypothesis, in this study we enrolled psoriasis patients and monitored changes in their skin and gut microbiome after a 12-bath balneotherapy course. The amplicon sequencing analysis of the skin microbiome showed that after thermal treatment the microbiome complexity and composition of skin areas affected by psoriasis improve to approach those typical of unaffected skin. We moreover identify some bacterial biomarkers indicative of disease status and treatment efficacy, and we show via metagenomic sequencing that thermal treatments and thermal water drinking affect the fecal microbiome composition to host more bacterial species associated with favorable metabolic health. Taken together, these findings highlight the relevance of studying the microbiome in balneotherapy-based treatments and call for more in-depth investigations of the effects of thermal treatments not only on the skin manifestations of psoriasis but also on its systemic complications.