bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of basic substances in plant protection to reduce Podosphaera pannosa in cut roses
Authors: Wulf Florian , Podhorna Jana , Bandte Martina , Rybak Malgorzata , Büttner Carmen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlternative strategies in plant protection are required due to political and environmental conditions. Basic substances can potentially benefit for modern plant protection in conventional and organic horticulture. In the case of plant protection in ornamentals, little is known about the effect of basic substances within the canopy to reduce foliar diseases. Podosphaera pannosa is one of the most severe diseases in the production of cut roses. In this study, different cultivars of cut roses were sprayed weekly with an extract of Equisetum arvense (4 g dried plant material/L), an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide (10 g/L) and a commercial plant protection product containing potassium hydrogen carbonate (VitiSan, Biofa GmbH, Münsingen, Germany) during two experimental trials. As a result, the symptoms of infected leaf area could be reduced significantly as the experiments progressed. Furthermore, no negative effects such as a reduction of plant growth or the number of marketable flowers were observed. The results indicate that the foliar application of the basic substances hydrogen peroxide and E. arvense-extract has the potential to reduce the use of synthetic plant protection products in conventional and organic horticulture.
Transport Patterns as Heuristic Testing Variables for the Social Coherence of Taxonomic Units at Different Spatial Scales
Authors: Maier Andreas , Sauer Florian , Bergsvik Knut Andreas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTaxonomic units in archaeology strongly convey the assumption of a social connection between the people having left the sites attributed to these units. The (implicit) assumption is that people whose sites are attributed to the same unit had closer social relations among one another than they had to people whose sites are attributed to other taxonomic units, and that such social proximity is reflected in similarities in their material culture. It is often difficult to be sure about the processes behind the emergence of similarities and dissimilarities. Therefore, taxonomic units relying on this criterion require additional testing in order to be meaningful components of studies on social relations. Dynamic objects, whose location of origin is known in addition to their place of discard, provide means for such testing, because they reflect the movement or contact patterns of people, potentially providing information on social boundaries or links on different spatial scales. Social coherence—the degree of connectedness between the people having left the sites attributed to these units—is sensitive to phenomena of spatial and temporal scale. However, there is no coherent terminology that would match scale levels of taxonomic units to those of social units. This paper proposes a hierarchical systematics for taxonomic units and their social equivalents applicable to both hunter-(fisher-)gatherer and farming societies to facilitate discussions on this topic. Based on this systematics, we propose an approach to test the coherence of taxonomic units regarding different social scale levels based on transport patterns of dynamic objects. Knowledge on the mode of acquisition (direct/embedded procurement, exchange, trade) of the dynamic objects is not a prerequisite. Three case studies from the Late Upper Paleolithic in Central Europe, the Late Paleolithic in Bavaria, and the Early Neolithic in Norway will be discussed to evaluate the potential and limits of the approach.
On a Novel Hybrid Manta Ray Foraging Optimizer and Its Application on Parameters Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Rizk-Allah Rizk M. , Zineldin Mohamed I. , Mousa Abd Allah A. , Abdel-Khalek S. , Mohamed Mohamed S. , Snášel Václav 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm called MRFO-PSO that hybridizes the Manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) with the aim to balance the exploration and exploitation abilities. In the MRFO-PSO, the concept of velocity of the PSO is incorporated to guide the searching process of the MRFO, where the velocity is updated by the first best and the second-best solutions. By this integration, the balancing issue between the exploration phase and exploitation ability has been further improved. To illustrate the robustness and effectiveness of the MRFO-PSO, it is tested on 23 benchmark equations and it is applied to estimate the parameters of Tremblay's model with three different commercial lithium-ion batteries including the Samsung Cylindrical ICR18650-22 lithium-ion rechargeable battery, Tenergy 30209 prismatic cell, Ultralife UBBL03 (type LI-7) rechargeable battery. The study contribution exclusively utilizes hybrid machine learning-based tuning for Tremblay's model parameters to overcome the disadvantages of human-based tuning. In addition, the comparisons of the MRFO-PSO with six recent meta-heuristic methods are performed in terms of some statistical metrics and Wilcoxon’s test-based non-parametric test. As a result, the conducted performance measures have confirmed the competitive results as well as the superiority of the proposed MRFO-PSO.
The Challenge of Ethical Interoperability
Authors: Danks David , Trusilo Daniel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDefense organizations are increasingly developing ethical principles to guide the design, development, and use of responsible AI, most notably for defense, security, and intelligence uses. While these principles have the potential to lead to more ethical and responsible uses of AI, they also create a novel issue that we term the challenge of ethical interoperability. In particular, we start with the observation that the frequent necessity for collaboration between defense organizations results in their possible need to use one another’s AI systems, either directly or indirectly. In such cases, the AI system presumably satisfies the originator organization’s ethical principles, but the adopting organization should only use it if it also satisfies their AI principles. One might naturally consider using the operating characteristics of the AI system to establish ethical interoperability, as those parallel the features used for technical interoperability. However, we argue that if the operating characteristics are sufficient to enable such assurance, then they will be too detailed to be disclosed. Instead, we propose a system of self-certification that provides adopting organizations with assurances that a system satisfies their ethical AI principles. We argue that our proposed framework properly aligns incentives to ensure ethical interoperability between defense organizations. Moreover, although this challenge is particularly salient for defense organizations, ethical interoperability must also be addressed in non-defense settings by organizations that have developed ethical AI principles.
Inter-American Elements for a Systemic Approach to State-Owned Enterprises’ Human Rights Obligations
Authors: Schönsteiner Judith 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article addresses the lack of clarity regarding obligations of state-owned enterprises in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Starting from the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights’ latest report on the topic, it develops the scope of human rights obligations for state-owned enterprises in the Americas, framing them in a systemic approach that calls for using both governance and regulatory tools to achieve respect for human rights. The article furthermore argues that there are good reasons for limiting the application of due diligence to the relationships with a company’s private business partners, excluding the relationship with its (public) owner where direct responsibility applies. Finally, the article spells out several specific issues that need to be addressed when assessing SOE human rights governance and shows that the enhanced human rights accountability of state-owned enterprises need not contradict a level playing field between public and private business.
Exploratory study of the underutilization of CTSA module services
Authors: Elworth Julie T. , Vaught Melissa , Harvey Jillian , Paranal Rechelle , Zell Adrienne , El Bcheraoui Charbel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background/Objective:
The Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) program aims to enhance the quality, efficiency, and impact of translation from discovery to interventions that improve human health. CTSA program hubs at medical research institutions across the United States develop and test innovative tools, methods, and processes, offering core resources and training for the clinical and translational research (CTR) workforce. Hubs have developed services across different domains, such as informatics and pilot studies, to provide ad hoc expertise and staffing for local research teams. Although these services can provide efficient, cost-effective ways to cover skills gaps and implement rigorous studies, three CTSAs of varying size found the majority of investigators were single domain service users, likely missing opportunities to further enhance their work.

Methods:
Through interviews with CTSA service users and a survey of CTSA service managers, this exploratory study aims to identify barriers to using services from multiple modules and solutions to overcome those barriers.

Results:
Barriers include challenges in finding information about services, unclear or unknown user needs, and users’ lack of funding to engage in services. More issues were identified for the largest CTSA.

Conclusions:
Although this study represents a small subset of CTSA hubs, we anticipate that our findings and proposed solutions will be relevant to the broader CTSA community. This study provides foundational information can use in their own efforts to increase service utilization and methods that can be used for more comprehensive studies that focus on explaining the relationship between CTSA features and rates of single versus cross-module service use.
Enchantment and critical distance in EU legal scholarship: what role for institutional lawyers?
Authors: Leino-Sandberg Päivi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe legal experts working for the European Union (EU) institutions facilitate EU policy-making activities. But no less importantly, they also shape the evolution of EU law. They have an established presence in EU legal academia and exercise authority through epistemic means. In this role, they make an important contribution to defining the scope and meaning of EU law and the limits of institutional action. Previous research demonstrates that this contribution is largely perceived in positive terms; as ‘clarifying facts’. Yet, as Union officials, institutional legal advisers are bound by Staff Regulations, which prohibit them from acting against institutional positions. This article investigates the role of institutional legal advisers in EU legal academia, placing it in the broader context of the self-image of EU legal scholarship and its ‘enchantment’ with the EU as a political project. It finds that the borderline between institutional strategy and academic research often gets blurred. It argues that EU legal scholarship should maintain a critical distance from the institutions that it studies and re-define its self-identity as a reflective and critical rather than legitimating force. This would contribute to strengthening the EU by enabling democratic debate about its policy choices and their possible alternatives.
What kind of private law for what kind of Europe? A rejoinder to Martijn Hesselink’s ‘progressive code’
Authors: Micklitz Hans-W. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMartijn Hesselink’s ‘progressive code’ stands on a century-old leftist tradition. What makes the project unique, however, is the transfer from the nation-state context to the European context and its reliance on principles instead of a fully composed catalogue of rights and obligations. My main criticisms are ultimately the lack of a convincing and fully developed background on both sides of his intellectual construct: the public and the private sphere. Martijn Hesselink has an idealising notion of the public sphere, which he does not yet support with a corresponding EU constitutional theory of the public sphere, and he marginalises society as its own private sphere. The understanding of the public sphere needs to be theoretically and conceptually better grounded in order to be convincing and he would have to recognise that the role and function of the private sphere remain a blind spot in the ‘progressive code’.
Stability conditions on Calabi-Yau double/triple solids
Authors: Koseki Naoki 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we prove a stronger form of the Bogomolov–Gieseker (BG) inequality for stable sheaves on two classes of Calabi–Yau threefolds, namely, weighted hypersurfaces inside the weighted projective spaces$\mathbb {P}(1, 1, 1, 1, 2)$and$\mathbb {P}(1, 1, 1, 1, 4)$. Using the stronger BG inequality as a main technical tool, we construct open subsets in the spaces of Bridgeland stability conditions on these Calabi–Yau threefolds.
Pandemic response gaps: Infection prevention and control lessons learned during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in skilled nursing facilities in Detroit, Michigan
Authors: Sandhu Avnish , Polistico Jordan Micah F. , Meyer Monica P. , Gonzalez Gonzalo , Kiama Keith , Lebednick Mark , Prentiss Tyler , Misikir Helina , Heinonen Jessica , Zervos John , Kilgore Paul E. , Zervos Marcus J. , Fink Lauren R. , Rehman Najibah K. , Maples Catherine , Chopra Teena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground:Hospitalizations among skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents in Detroit increased in mid-March 2020 due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Outbreak response teams were deployed from local healthcare systems, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Detroit Health Department (DHD) to understand the infection prevention and control (IPC) gaps in SNFs that may have accelerated the outbreak.Methods:We conducted 2 point-prevalence surveys (PPS-1 and PPS-2) at 13 Detroit SNFs from April 8 to May 8, 2020. The DHD and partners conducted facility-wide severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing of all residents and staff and collected information regarding resident cohorting, staff cohorting, and personnel protective equipment (PPE) utilized during that time.Results:Resident cohorting had been implemented in 7 of 13 (58.3%) SNFs prior to point-prevalence survey 1 (PPS-1), and other facilities initiated cohorting after obtaining PPS-1 results. Cohorting protocols of healthcare practitioners and environmental service staff were not established in 4 (31%) of 13 facilities, and in 3 facilities (23.1%) the ancillary staff were not assigned to cohorts. Also, 2 SNFs (15%) had an observation unit prior to PPS-1, 2 (15%) had an observation unit after PPS-1, 4 (31%) could not establish an observation unit due to inadequate space, and 5 (38.4%) created an observation unit after PPS-2.Conclusion:On-site consultations identified gaps in IPC knowledge and cohorting that may have contributed to ongoing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among SNF residents despite aggressive testing measures. Infection preventionists (IPs) are critical in guiding ongoing IPC practices in SNFs to reduce spread of COVID-19 through response and prevention.
Efficient customer relationship management systems for online retailing: The investigation of the influential factors
Authors: Latifi Kimia , Ebrahimi Ahoo , Ranjbaran Mehdi , Mirzaei Arman , Fakhri Zahra 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn business processes, gaining customer satisfaction is vital for online retailing. In this way, it is necessary to identify the important factors for attracting and retaining customers in online retailing. Many factors are involved in efficient customer relationship management (CRM) systems. Their efficient implementation needs a deep focus on key customers, proper organization, knowledge management, technology, market, sales, ordering, support, and many other factors. Therefore, this paper examines the effective factors (including innovation management, market knowledge, competitive intelligence, entrepreneurship management, stakeholder management, project management, and business project management) on the efficiency of the CRM systems for online retailing. The data were collected from Digikala employees in Iran. Based on Morgan's table (Table A2 (Appendix)), 248 samples were randomly selected, and questionnaires were sent to employees, where 234 were fully answered. Research data and assumptions were evaluated using SPSS and PLS software. Research findings showed that innovation management (ß = .390, t = 6.426, p < .001), market knowledge (ß = .296, t = 4.864, p < .001), and competitive intelligence (ß = .115, t = 2.190, p < .005) directly impact the efficient CRM systems for online retailing. Stakeholder management (ß = .283, t = 9.713, p < .001), project management (ß = .229, t = 5.458, p < .001), and business project management (ß = .544, t = 11.351, p < .001) are also effective through the mediator variable of entrepreneurial management (ß = .143, t = 2.314, p < .005) on the efficient CRM systems for online retailing.
A quantitative synthesis study on body mass index and associated factors among adult men and women in Switzerland
Authors: Matthes Katarina L. , Hartmann Christina , Siegrist Michael , Burnier Michel , Bochud Murielle , Zwahlen Marcel , Bender Nicole , Staub Kaspar 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExcess weight is caused by multiple factors and has increased sharply in Switzerland since the 1990s. Its consequences represent a major challenge for Switzerland, both in terms of health and the economy. Until now, there has been no cross-dataset overview study on excess weight in adults in Switzerland. Therefore, our aim was to conduct the first synthesis on excess weight in Switzerland. We included all existing nationwide Swiss studies (eight total), which included information on body mass index (BMI). Mixed multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between different socio-demographic, lifestyle cofactors and the World Health Organization (WHO) categories for BMI. Along with lifestyle factors, socio-demographic factors were among the strongest determinants of BMI. In addition, self-rated health status was significantly lower for underweight, pre-obese and obese men and women than for normal weight persons. The present study is the first to synthesise all nationwide evidence on the importance of several socio-demographic and lifestyle factors as risk factors for excess weight. In particular, the highlighted importance of lifestyle factors for excess weight opens up the opportunity for further public health interventions.
Inferring time-dependent calving dynamics at Helheim Glacier
Authors: Downs Jacob , Brinkerhoff Douglas , Morlighem Mathieu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe perform Bayesian inference of the parameters of a time-dependent model of ice flow and calving at Helheim Glacier, East Greenland. We find that, while a time-independent calving parameterization can recover the mean observed terminus position, such a model is unable to recover sub-annual variability, even when forced with seasonally varying climate. To address this, we develop a simple stochastic model relating surface runoff rates and calving threshold. Again inferring model parameters from observations, we find that this parameterization is able to reproduce observations with respect to both mean position and characteristic temporal variability. This result demonstrates the importance of considering potential sub-annual controls on calving rates in numerical models, which may include variable undercutting rates or surface runoff-dependent surface crevasse propagation.
Exponential convergence to a quasi-stationary distribution for birth–death processes with an entrance boundary at infinity
Authors: He Guoman , Zhang Hanjun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe study the quasi-stationary behavior of the birth–death process with an entrance boundary at infinity. We give by the h-transform an alternative and simpler proof for the exponential convergence of conditioned distributions to a unique quasi-stationary distribution in the total variation norm. In addition, we also show that starting from any initial distribution the conditional probability converges to the unique quasi-stationary distribution exponentially fast in the
$\psi$
-norm.
IMPLICATIONS OF SINGLE-STEP GRAPHITIZATION FOR RECONSTRUCTING LATE HOLOCENE RELATIVE SEA-LEVEL USING RADIOCARBON-DATED ORGANIC COASTAL SEDIMENT
Authors: Sefton Juliet P , Kemp Andrew C , Elder Kathryn L , Hansman Roberta L , Roberts Mark L 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTLate Holocene relative sea-level reconstructions are commonly generated using proxies preserved in salt-marsh and mangrove sediment. These depositional environments provide abundant material for radiocarbon dating in the form of identifiable macrofossils (salt marshes) and bulk organic sediment (mangroves). We explore if single-step graphitization of these samples in preparation for radiocarbon dating can increase the number and temporal resolution of relative sea-level reconstructions without a corresponding increase in cost. Dating of salt-marsh macrofossils from the northeastern United States and bulk mangrove sediment from the Federated States of Micronesia indicates that single-step graphitization generates radiocarbon ages that are indistinguishable from replicates prepared using traditional graphitization, but with a modest increase in error (mean/maximum of 6.25/15 additional 14C yr for salt-marsh macrofossils). Low 12C currents measured on bulk mangrove sediment following single-step graphitization likely render them unreliable despite their apparent accuracy. Simulated chronologies for six salt-marsh cores indicate that having twice as many radiocarbon dates (since single-step graphitization costs ∼50% of traditional graphitization) results in narrower confidence intervals for sample age estimated by age-depth models when the additional error from the single-step method is less than ∼50 14C yr (∼30 14C yr if the chronology also utilizes historical age markers). Since these thresholds are greater than our empirical estimates of the additional error, we conclude that adopting single-step graphitization for radiocarbon measurements on plant macrofossils is likely to increase precision of age-depth models by more than 20/10% (without/with historical age markers). This improvement can be implemented without additional cost.