bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bubbles of nothing in binary black holes and black rings, and viceversa
Authors: Astorino Marco , Emparan Roberto , Viganò Adriano 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We argue that expanding bubbles of nothing are a widespread feature of systems of black holes with multiple or non-spherical horizons, appearing as a limit of regions that are narrowly enclosed by the horizons. The bubble is a minimal cycle that links the Einstein-Rosen bridges in the system, and its expansion occurs through the familiar stretching of space in black hole interiors. We demonstrate this idea (which does not involve any Wick rotations) with explicit constructions in four and five dimensions. The geometries of expanding bubbles in these dimensions arise as a limit of, respectively, static black hole binaries and black rings. The limit is such that the separation between the two black holes, or the inner hole of the black ring, becomes very small, and the horizons of the black holes correspond to acceleration horizons of the bubbles. We also explain how a five-dimensional black hole binary gives rise to a different type of expanding bubble. We then show that bubble spacetimes can host black hole binaries and black rings in static equilibrium, with their gravitational attraction being balanced against the background spacetime expansion. Similar constructions are expected in six or more dimensions, but most of these solutions can be obtained only numerically. Finally, we argue that the Nariai solution can be regarded as containing an expanding circular bubble of nothing.
Higher-derivative holography with a chemical potential
Authors: Cano Pablo A. , Murcia Ángel J. , Sánchez Alberto Rivadulla , Zhang Xuao 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We carry out an extensive study of the holographic aspects of any-dimensional higher-derivative Einstein-Maxwell theories in a fully analytic and non-perturbative fashion. We achieve this by introducing the d-dimensional version of Electromagnetic Quasitopological gravities: higher-derivative theories of gravity and electromagnetism that propagate no additional degrees of freedom and that allow one to study charged black hole solutions analytically. These theories contain non-minimal couplings, that in the holographic context give rise to a modified 〈JJ〉 correlator as well as to a general 〈TJJ〉 structure whose coefficients we compute. We constrain the couplings of the theory by imposing CFT unitarity and positivity of energy (which we show to be equivalent to causality in the bulk) as well as positive-entropy bounds from the weak gravity conjecture. The thermodynamic properties of the dual plasma at finite chemical potential are studied in detail, and we find that exotic zeroth-order phase transitions may appear, but that many of them are ruled out by the physical constraints. We further compute the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio, and we show that it can be taken to zero while respecting all the constraints, providing that the chemical potential is large enough. We also obtain the charged Rényi entropies and we observe that the chemical potential always increases the amount of entanglement and that the usual properties of Rényi entropies are preserved if the physical constraints are met. Finally, we compute the scaling dimension and magnetic response of twist operators and we provide a holographic derivation of the universal relations between the expansion of these quantities and the coefficients of 〈JJ〉 and 〈TJJ〉.
The genetic basis for panicle trait variation in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)
Authors: Zhang Li , MacQueen Alice , Weng Xiaoyu , Behrman Kathrine D. , Bonnette Jason , Reilley John L. , Rouquette Francis M. , Fay Philip A. , Wu Yanqi , Fritschi Felix B. , Mitchell Robert B. , Lowry David B. , Boe Arvid R. , Juenger Thomas E. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractKey messageWe investigate the genetic basis of panicle architecture in switchgrass in two mapping populations across a latitudinal gradient, and find many stable, repeatable genetic effects and limited genetic interactions with the environment.AbstractGrass species exhibit large diversity in panicle architecture influenced by genes, the environment, and their interaction. The genetic study of panicle architecture in perennial grasses is limited. In this study, we evaluate the genetic basis of panicle architecture including panicle length, primary branching number, and secondary branching number in an outcrossed switchgrass QTL population grown across ten field sites in the central USA through multi-environment mixed QTL analysis. We also evaluate genetic effects in a diversity panel of switchgrass grown at three of the ten field sites using genome-wide association (GWAS) and multivariate adaptive shrinkage. Furthermore, we search for candidate genes underlying panicle traits in both of these independent mapping populations. Overall, 18 QTL were detected in the QTL mapping population for the three panicle traits, and 146 unlinked genomic regions in the diversity panel affected one or more panicle trait. Twelve of the QTL exhibited consistent effects (i.e., no QTL by environment interactions or no QTL × E), and most (four of six) of the effects with QTL × E exhibited site-specific effects. Most (59.3%) significant partially linked diversity panel SNPs had significant effects in all panicle traits and all field sites and showed pervasive pleiotropy and limited environment interactions. Panicle QTL co-localized with significant SNPs found using GWAS, providing additional power to distinguish between true and false associations in the diversity panel.
The state of the art of electrical discharge drilling: a review
Authors: Mao Xuanyu , Almeida Sergio , Mo John , Ding Songlin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractElectrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most widely used non-conventional methods to machine electrically conductive materials in the manufacturing industry because of its strong capability in machining difficult-to-cut materials irrespective of their strength and hardness. Electrical discharge drilling (EDD) is an important variant of EDM. Due to the limitation of conventional drilling processes, special holes, particular those with high aspect ratios on hard-to-cut materials, can only be drilled by EDD. Extensive research has been carried out to improve the efficiency and quality of the EDD process by using different approaches, such as assisted EDD and powder-mixed EDM drilling aiming to improve the material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), surface quality and accuracy. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the EDD process. Different methods were compared; the advantages and disadvantages of each process were summarised; state-of-the-art technologies and the latest development were introduced, and research trends and new directions were presented.
Percutaneous cryoablation: a novel treatment option in non-visceral metastases of the abdominal cavity after prior surgery
Authors: van der Reijd D. J. , Baetens T. R. , Gomez Munoz F. , Aarts B. M. , Lahaye M. J. , Graafland N. M. , Lok C. A. R. , Aalbers A. G. J. , Kok N. F. M. , Beets-Tan R. G. H. , Maas M. , Klompenhouwer E. G. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the primary safety and oncological outcome of percutaneous cryoablation in patients with non-visceral metastases of the abdominal cavity after prior surgery.

Methods
All patients with non-visceral metastases after prior abdominal surgery, treated with percutaneous cryoablation, and at least one year of follow-up were retrospectively identified. Technical success was achieved if the ice-ball had a minimum margin of 10 mm in three dimensions on the per-procedural CT images. Complications were recorded using the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) classification system. Time until disease progression was monitored with follow-up CT and/or MRI. Local control was defined as absence of recurrence at the site of ablation.

Results
Eleven patients underwent cryoablation for 14 non-visceral metastases (mean diameter 20 ± 9 mm). Primary tumor origin was renal cell (n = 4), colorectal (n = 3), granulosa cell (n = 2), endometrium (n = 1) and appendix (n = 1) carcinoma. Treated metastases were localized retroperitoneal (n = 8), intraperitoneal (n = 2), or in the abdominal wall (n = 4). Technical success was achieved in all procedures. After a median follow-up of 27 months (12–38 months), all patients were alive. Local control was observed in 10/14 non-visceral metastases, and the earliest local progression was detected after ten months. No major adverse events occurred. One patient suffered a minor asymptomatic adverse event.

Conclusion
This proof-of-concept study suggests that cryoablation can be a minimal invasive treatment option in a selected group of patients with non-visceral metastases in the abdominal cavity after prior surgery.

Graphical abstract
Standardized measurement of abdominal muscle by computed tomography: association with cardiometabolic risk in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Kammerlander Andreas , Lyass Asya , Mahoney Taylor F. , Taron Jana , Eslami Parastou , Lu Michael T. , Long Michelle T. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Massaro Joseph M. , Hoffmann Udo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To provide a standard for total abdominal muscle mass (TAM) quantification on computed tomography (CT) and investigate its association with cardiovascular risk in a primary prevention setting.

Methods
We included 3016 Framingham Heart Study participants free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) who underwent abdominal CT between 2002 and 2005. On a single CT slice at the level of L3/L4, we segmented (1) TAM-Area, (2) TAM-Index (= TAM-Area/height) and, (3) TAM-Fraction (= TAM-Area/total cross-sectional CT-area). We tested the association of these muscle mass measures with prevalent and incident cardiometabolic risk factors and incident CVD events during a follow-up of 11.0 ± 2.7 years.

Results
In this community-based sample (49% women, mean age: 50.0 ± 10.0 years), all muscle quantity measures were significantly associated with prevalent and incident cardiometabolic risk factors and CVD events. However, only TAM-Fraction remained significantly associated with key outcomes (e.g., adj. OR 0.68 [0.55, 0.84] and HR 0.73 [0.57, 0.92] for incident hypertension and CVD events, respectively) after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and waist circumference. Moreover, only higher TAM-Fraction was associated with a lower risk (e.g., adj. OR: 0.56 [0.36–0.89] for incident diabetes versus TAM-Area: adj. OR 1.26 [0.79–2.01] and TAM-Index: 1.09 [0.75–1.58]).

Conclusion
TAM-Fraction on a single CT slice at L3/L4 is a novel body composition marker of cardiometabolic risk in a primary prevention setting that has the potential to improve risk stratification beyond traditional measures of obesity.

Key Points
• In this analysis of the Framingham Heart Study (n = 3016), TAM-F on a single slice CT was more closely associated with prevalent and incident cardiometabolic risk factors as compared to TAM alone or TAM indexed to body surface area.
• TAM-F on a single abdominal CT slice at the level of L3/L4 could serve as a standard measure of muscle mass and improve risk prediction
Impact of a content-based image retrieval system on the interpretation of chest CTs of patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease
Authors: Röhrich Sebastian , Heidinger Benedikt H. , Prayer Florian , Weber Michael , Krenn Markus , Zhang Rui , Sufana Julie , Scheithe Jakob , Kanbur Incifer , Korajac Aida , Pötsch Nina , Raudner Marcus , Al-Mukhtar Ali , Fueger Barbara J. , Milos Ruxandra-Iulia , Scharitzer Martina , Langs Georg , Prosch Helmut 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Content-based image retrieval systems (CBIRS) are a new and potentially impactful tool for radiological reporting, but their clinical evaluation is largely missing. This study aimed at assessing the effect of CBIRS on the interpretation of chest CT scans from patients with suspected diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD).

Materials and methods
A total of 108 retrospectively included chest CT scans with 22 unique, clinically and/or histopathologically verified diagnoses were read by eight radiologists (four residents, four attending, median years reading chest CT scans 2.1± 0.7 and 12 ± 1.8, respectively). The radiologists read and provided the suspected diagnosis at a certified radiological workstation to simulate clinical routine. Half of the readings were done without CBIRS and half with the additional support of the CBIRS. The CBIRS retrieved the most likely of 19 lung-specific patterns from a large database of 6542 thin-section CT scans and provided relevant information (e.g., a list of potential differential diagnoses).

Results
Reading time decreased by 31.3% (p < 0.001) despite the radiologists searching for additional information more frequently when the CBIRS was available (154 [72%] vs. 95 [43%], p < 0.001). There was a trend towards higher overall diagnostic accuracy (42.2% vs 34.7%, p = 0.083) when the CBIRS was available.

Conclusion
The use of the CBIRS had a beneficial impact on the reading time of chest CT scans in cases with DPLD. In addition, both resident and attending radiologists were more likely to consult informational resources if they had access to the CBIRS. Further studies are needed to confirm the observed trend towards increased diagnostic accuracy with the use of a CBIRS in practice.

Key Points
• A content-based image retrieval system for supporting the diagnostic process of reading chest CT scans can decrease reading time by 31.3% (p < 0.001).
• The decrease in reading time was present despite frequent usage of the content-based image retrieval system.
• Additionally, a trend towards higher diagnostic accuracy was observed when using the content-based image retrieval system (42.2% vs 34.7%, p = 0.083).
Impact of converging sociocultural and substance-related trends on US autism rates: combined geospatiotemporal and causal inferential analysis
Authors: Reece Albert Stuart , Hulse Gary Kenneth 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWhilst cannabis is known to be toxic to brain development, it is unknown if it is driving rising US autism rates (ASMR). A longitudinal epidemiological study was conducted using national autism census data from the US Department of Education Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) 1991–2011 and nationally representative drug exposure (cigarettes, alcohol, analgesic, and cocaine abuse, and cannabis use monthly, daily, and in pregnancy) datasets from National Survey of Drug Use and Health and US Census (income and ethnicity) and CDC Wonder population and birth data. Analysis was conducted in R. 266,950 were autistic of a population of 40,119,464 8-year-olds in 1994–2011. At national level after adjustment, daily cannabis use was significantly related to ASMR (β estimate = 4.37 (95%C.I. 4.06, 4.68), P < 2.2 × 10–16) as was first pregnancy trimester cannabis exposure (β estimate = 0.12 (0.08, 0.16), P = 1.7 × 10–12). At state level following adjustment for cannabis, cannabigerol (from β estimate = – 13.77 (– 19.41, 8.13), P = 1.8 × 10–6) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (from β estimate = 1.96 (0.88–3.04), P = 4 × 10–4) were significant. Geospatial state-level modelling showed exponential relationship between ASMR and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabigerol exposure. Exponential coefficients for the relationship between modelled ASMR and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabigerol exposure were 7.053 (6.39–7.71) and 185.334 (167.88–202.79; both P < 2.0 × 10–7). E-values are an instrument related to the evidence for causality in observational studies. High E-values were noted. Dichotomized legal status was linked with elevated ASMR. Data show cannabis use is associated with ASMR, is powerful enough to affect overall trends, and persists after controlling for other major covariates. Cannabinoids are exponentially associated with ASMR. The cannabis–autism relationship satisfies criteria of causal inference.
Requirement of preoperative blood typing for cholecystectomy and appendectomy: a systematic review
Authors: Fadel Michael G , Patel Ishaan , O’Leary Lawrence , Behar Nebil , Brewer James 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Blood typing, or group and save (G&S) testing, is commonly performed prior to cholecystectomy and appendectomy in many hospitals. In order to determine whether G&S testing is required prior to these procedures, we set out to evaluate the relevant literature and associated rates of perioperative blood transfusion.

Methods
Studies from January 1990 to June 2021 assessing the requirement of preoperative G&S testing for elective or emergency cholecystectomy and appendectomy were retrieved from MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases. The search was performed on 6th July 2021 (PROSPERO registration number CRD42021267967). Number of patients, co-morbidities, operation performed, number of patients that underwent preoperative G&S testing, perioperative transfusion rates and financial costs were extracted.

Results
We initially screened 194 studies of which 15 retrospective studies, a total of 477,437 patients, specifically met the inclusion criteria. Ten studies reported on cholecystectomy, two studies on appendectomy and three studies included both procedures. Where reported, a total of 177,539/469,342 (37.8%) patients underwent preoperative G&S testing with a perioperative transfusion rate of 2.1% (range 0.0 to 2.1%). The main preoperative risk factors associated with perioperative blood transfusion identified include cardiovascular co-morbidity, coagulopathy, anaemia and haematological malignancy. All 15 studies concluded that routine G&S is not warranted.

Conclusion
The current evidence suggests that G&S is not necessarily required for all patients undergoing cholecystectomy or appendectomy. Having a targeted G&S approach would reduce delays in elective and emergency lists, reduce the burden on the blood transfusion service and have financial implications.
Process development of sugar beet enzymatic hydrolysis with enzyme recycling for soluble sugar production
Authors: Chen Yike , Aramrueang Natthiporn , Zicari Steve , Zhang Ruihong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of sugar beets for achieving liquefaction and sugar release is a critical step for beet-ethanol production. An enzyme recycling process was developed in this study to reduce the economic uncertainty raised by the high costs of enzymes by reducing the fresh enzyme usage. A mixture of cellulases and pectinases was used in the beet hydrolysis. The hydrolysate was centrifuged and then processed through a 50 kDa molecular weight cut-off polyethersulfone membrane to recover enzymes from the liquid. Liquid enzyme recycling with 50% fresh enzyme addition achieved a similar liquefaction extent and sugar yield compared to the positive control with 100% fresh enzyme. Solid enzyme recycling showed a lower liquefaction efficiency, requiring at least 75% of fresh enzyme addition for a comparable liquefaction extent. Five sequential batches of hydrolysis with liquid enzyme recycling were successfully conducted to hydrolyze sugar beets with similar liquefaction extents and sugar yields.
A method to characterize climate, Earth or environmental vector random processes
Authors: Cobos M. , Otiñar P. , Magaña P. , Baquerizo A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe propose a general methodology to characterize a non-stationary random process that can be used for simulating random realizations that keep the probabilistic behavior of the original time series. The probability distribution of the process is assumed to be a piecewise function defined by several weighted parametric probability models. The weights are obtained analytically by ensuring that the probability density function is well defined and that it is continuous at the common endpoints. Any number of subintervals and continuous probability models can be chosen. The distribution is assumed to vary periodically in time over a predefined time interval by defining the model parameters and the common endpoints as truncated generalized Fourier series. The coefficients of the expansions are obtained with the maximum likelihood method. Different sets of orthogonal basis functions are tested. The method is applied to three time series with different particularities. Firstly, it is shown its good behavior to capture the high variability of the precipitation projected at a semiarid location of Spain for the present century. Secondly, for the Wolf sunspot number time series, the Schwabe cycle and time variations close to the 7.5 and 17 years are analyzed along a 22-year cycle. Finally, the method is applied to a bivariate time series that contains (1) freshwater discharges at the last regulation point of a dam located in a semiarid zone in Andalucía (Spain) which is influenced not only by the climate variability but also by management decisions and (2) the salinity at the mouth of the river. For this case, the analysis, that was combined with a vectorial autoregressive model, focus on the assessment of the goodness of the methodology to replicate the statistical features of the original series. In particular, it is found that it reproduces the marginal and joint distributions and the duration of sojourns above/below given thresholds.
The combination of gene hyperamplification and PD-L1 expression as a biomarker for the clinical benefit of tislelizumab in gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lu Zhihao , Yang Silu , Luo Xuerui , Shi Yang , Lee Jong-Seok , Deva Sanjeev , Liu Tianshu , Chao Yee , Zhang Yun , Huang Ruiqi , Xu Yaling , Shen Zhirong , Shen Lin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
In solid tumor Phase 1/2 trials (NCT02407990; NCT04068519), tislelizumab demonstrated clinical benefit, including in advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA). However, the majority of patients with GEA did not respond, highlighting the need to understand mechanisms of resistance and identify predictive biomarkers for response.

Methods
All tislelizumab-treated patients with GEA from the Phase 1/2 trials were included (N = 105). Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (Tumor Area Positivity [TAP] ≥ 5%), interferon gamma (IFNγ)-related gene signature, gene expression profile, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and gene hyperamplification (HA) were analyzed for correlation with tislelizumab.

Results
A moderate association was observed between PD-L1 TAP ≥ 5%, IFNγ gene signature, TMB-high and efficacy. A potential correlation between hyperamplification (HA +) and worse outcomes with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibition was identified. Hyperamplified genes were mainly enriched in cancer progression pathways, including cell cycle and RTK-RAS-PI3K pathways. Joint PD-L1 TAP ≥ 5% and lack of hyperamplification showed the most favorable benefit with an objective response rate of 29.4%, and median progression-free survival and overall survival of 4.1 and 14.7 months, respectively. Tumors with TAP ≥ 5% and HA − had inflamed immune signatures with increased immune cell infiltration, enhanced anti-tumor cytotoxic activity and antigen presentation signatures. Findings were validated in two independent gastric and gastrointestinal cancer cohorts treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Conclusions
In GEA, PD-L1 positivity, IFNγ-related gene signature and TMB-high status were positively associated with tislelizumab clinical benefit, whereas HA was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Combining PD-L1 positivity and HA − may help identify patients more likely to benefit from PD-1 blockade.