bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Quality Between Partners Following Infidelity in the Absence of Renewed Love
Authors: Asayesh Mohammad Hassan , Golpasha Elaheh 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Infidelity means having any secret emotional, sexual, virtual relationship, or a combination of them outside the marital relationship. Infidelity has a significant prevalence as one of the major reasons of divorce, which causes psychological traumas in victims. Various studies in different cultures have revealed that extramarital affairs in each culture can have different meanings and, consequently, different effects, but what is obvious is that extramarital affairs in any form (emotional, sexual, online, or a combination) as a stressful event have detrimental effects on the family unit and various dimensions of victim’s and his/her spouse’s mental health. Research has shown that infidelity has many psychological effects on its victims. Affective experiences and reactions, cognitive experiences and reactions, psychosomatic and physical experiences and reactions, communication experiences and reactions, as well as spiritual experiences and reactions are among the psychological reactions and complex problems encountered by the victims. If the victims of infidelity are not treated, harmful consequences can last for a long time. Moreover, experts have acknowledged that couples involved in infidelity can be helped out. In this report, in addition to presenting the effects and psychological consequences of infidelity, effective factors for the treatment of these clients are discussed.
Operational Sex Ratio and Infidelity
Authors: Kruger Daniel J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The operational sex ratio is a powerful influence on behavior in humans and other species. Although stable on an evolutionary time scale, specific populations may have an imbalanced sex ratio. Following the economic patterns of supply and demand, the rare sex is more valuable in the reproductive market and has lower mating competition and greater selectivity for partners. Because men and women have somewhat divergent reproductive strategies, imbalances in the sex ratio have differential effects. Men leverage their market scarcity for greater sexual access while avoiding long-term relationship commitments. Lower sex ratios, where men are less numerous, are associated with more promiscuous mating strategies, higher rates of infidelity, and low relationship stability. Women can leverage their market scarcity in high sex ratio populations to secure commitment from partners, marry at earlier ages, and obtain greater resource investment; however, women’s ability to pursue infidelity or multiple relationships is typically constrained by cultural practices regulating female sexuality. High sex ratios are associated with greater emphasis on traditional sex roles and norms that both protect and constrain women. Harsh penalties, including death, are possible consequences of women violating cultural norms in such societies. In part due to rates of infidelity, biased sex ratios create important implications for social conditions and public health.
It’s Not You, It’s Us
Authors: Hackathorn Jana , Ashdown Brien K. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Infidelity is often defined as perceived as a violation of relationship exclusivity rules, and many view infidelities as immoral. Thus, one can imagine the importance of understanding why up to a fifth of research samples report cheating in their current relationships. There is considerable literature regarding what factors predict infidelity. Although individual characteristics associated with infidelity do exist, relationship-based variables tend to be the most consistent and robust factors. This chapter will discuss various theories and research findings that suggested different relationship-based factors and frameworks with which to consider and predict why some people engage in infidelity. This chapter reviews some major ideas and research through the lens of the investment model of commitment (i.e., satisfaction, investment, quality of alternatives, commitment), as well as other relationship-based variables (e.g., opportunities and boredom, relationship type and length) that have received empirical support. Finally, the chapter ends with a nod to future directions in this area, and a notion of what researchers should expect from the literature in the future.
Performing Whiteness through the First-Generation American Immigrant Experience from Viennese Nights to Pitch Perfect
Authors: Everett William A. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Hollywood has a legacy rooted in whiteness. This was highlighted at the 87th Academy Awards in 2015, which ignited the #OscarsSoWhite controversy after all twenty of the actors nominated in the lead and supporting actor categories were white. The connected ideas of whiteness and becoming white characterize the experiences of first-generation immigrants to the United States in Hollywood musicals ranging from the genre’s early years to the series of Pitch Perfect films that appeared between 2012 and 2017. This essay will investigate ways in which the Hollywood musical depicts first-generation immigrants to the United States and how music infuses plot lines in terms of the protagonists’ professions or avocations. In each of the films discussed, at least one immigrant protagonist is a musician. This device allows for diegetic performances of musical numbers, which attends to the film medium’s need to explain why people might sing and dance.
P. T. Barnum Reinvented for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Leve James 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
There are two P. T. Barnums. One is the bigger-than-life nineteenth-century American showman created and propagated by American popular culture. The other Barnum, the son of a Connecticut merchant who became a successful businessman by accurately sensing and satisfying the public’s insatiable appetite for human wonderment, figures large in disability studies. The 2017 blockbuster movie musical The Greatest Showman adopts neither version of Barnum, but it does expose how incompatible they are. This chapter examines how the film presents Barnum in a hyperbolically positive light and gives a grossly distorted account of who he was. It claims to celebrate diversity as represented by Barnum’s American Museum, but it expunges from Barnum’s biography most of the “freaks” (physically anomalous people) whom Barnum exhibited and minimalizes the few that do appear. The troupe of performers in The Greatest Showman includes only a few of the real-life “freaks” whom Barnum employed and inserts several newly invented characters who feel marginalized—not due to any bodily deviance but for reasons apparently tied to sexuality, race, or class. This chapter argues that in its effort to celebrate diversity as generally represented in popular culture, The Greatest Showman reinforces discriminatory practices against people with physical disability.
When Fred Lost Ginger
Authors: Block Geoffrey 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
After Follow the Fleet in 1936, the fifth successive hit film since their sensational debut in Flying Down to Rio in 1933, Fred Astaire (1899–1987) instigated a five-film contract in which his partner, Ginger Rogers (1911–1995), could appear in no more than three of these films without his consent. The sole film without Ginger encompassed in the contract, A Damsel in Distress, was released on November 19, 1937. A Damsel in Distress earned an unenviable distinction, becoming the first Astaire film to lose money. Despite considerable praise lavished on Astaire’s dancing and the fine Gershwin score, much of the literature on Damsel tends to accentuate the negative. This chapter offers a reconsideration of the film based on various archival and published sources.
Yentl, Barbra Streisand, and Music of the Mind
Authors: Laird Paul R. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In staged and film musicals, songs are usually delivered as performances. A character, for example, provides an emotional response to a question, such as a declaration of love. The resulting song enhances the answer. Yentl (1983), based on the short story “Yentl the Yeshiva Boy” by Isaac Bashevis Singer, is a musical film where the majority of the songs present the title character’s inner thoughts, explaining the motives of a female disguised as a male. Barbra Streisand produced and directed the film, co-wrote the script with Jack Rosenthal, played the title role, and sang all of the songs, an unusual concentration of responsibilities in one person. She did not intend Yentl as a musical, but had such trouble securing studio backing for the project that she found herself required to use the most famous arrow in her quiver of talents. Her friends the lyricists Marilyn and Alan Bergman convinced Streisand to make Yentl into a musical as a way for the character to explain and express herself. Michel Legrand, another friend, wrote the music. Streisand contributed song ideas and listened as they wrote the score, which won an Academy Award and became well known from its successful soundtrack album. Yentl is an unusual musical, made possible by the star’s fame and title character’s strong beliefs: her obsession with studying the Torah; her outrage over the treatment of women; and her love for her father, study partner Avigdor, and Hadass, the woman that Avigdor also loves.
Theatricality, Artifice, and Affective Space in the Works of Baz Luhrmann
Authors: Stilwell Robynn J. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
To read criticism or scholarship about Baz Luhrmann is almost to be overwhelmed by words and phrases like “fantastical,” “excess(ive),” “lurid,” and the occasional, more restrained, “seldom subtle.” At times, the descriptions of his films suggest, if not outright state, that experiencing them is an assault on the senses, implying a closeness between audience and cinematic materials. And yet, some of Luhrmann’s most affective moments come with an expansion of physical and psychological space, a marked distancing from the audience through theatricality, artifice, and a pulling back of the image’s frame. Unlike most filmmakers who opt for close-ups and a stripping away of extraneous decoration at such moments, Luhrmann tends toward the spectacular; in context, however, this unreality can allow a revelation, even elevation of emotional truth—and paradoxically, often of intimacy. After an exploration of the “Red Curtain Trilogy Aesthetic,” this chapter examines key narrative scenes of both Strictly Ballroom and Moulin Rouge! that demonstrate the aesthetic in action, heightening emotion through obvious artifice articulated by space and movement and a particular tendency to heighten intimacy through distance.
Revealing the Subconscious
Authors: Gardner Kara 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
A “dream ballet” uses ballet technique as its stylistic language, although it might incorporate other choreographic styles. Movement is its primary medium of expression, as opposed to dialogue or song. The dream ballet focuses on the subconscious feelings and motivations of a main character. Dance often serves the function of lifting the audience outside of the main film narrative into another realm. But the dream ballet does this while also facilitating the development of a character who plays an important part in the main story. An American in Paris (1951), Oklahoma! (1955), and La La Land (2016) all contain dance sequences that serve as useful case studies to examine the genre of the “dream ballet.” This lays the groundwork for in-depth analysis of the three dream ballets with a broader discussion of dance in early Hollywood musicals.
Indigenizing the Sociology of Gender
Authors: Henry Robert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This introductory chapter is intended to provide the reader with an overview of the ways that sociology has engaged in the topics of gender and sexuality, and how Indigenous sociological perspectives can broaden the Western sociological gaze. Specific attention is paid to how White heteronormative patriarchy supported colonial violence on Indigenous women, Two-Spirit peoples, as well as Indigenous men. Prior to colonization, Indigenous notions of gender and sexuality were not relegated to Western binaries of male/female. Rather, Indigenous understandings were pluralized, where fluidity of genders and sexualities were understood to be normal. The chapters in this section focus on the complexities of Indigenous genders and sexualities, how colonial violence has impacted Indigenous lifeworlds, and that it is through an Indigenous gendered and queer approach that decolonization can occur.
On the Maturation of Addams Studies
Authors: Shields Patricia M. , Hamington Maurice , Soeters Joseph 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nobel Peace Prize winner, prolific author, pioneering feminist, influential scholar in multiple disciplines, labor organizer, and community activist, Jane Addams lived a remarkable life. Yet her name remains relatively unknown. Appreciation for Addams’s intellectual legacy has grown dramatically over the past several decades, and this publication is a testament to the positive trajectory of her scholarly regard. Because readers of this volume come from different disciplines and have various levels of knowledge of Addams, this introduction provides foundational and contextual background into her life and work. Specifically, the volume editors situate Addams as influential in both scholarly disciplines and fields of practice as fleshed out by the contributors to the Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams. After a concise summary of Addams’s life and work, an overview of her intellectual place in sociology is followed by a synopsis of her place in American philosophy. Then Addams’s roles in public administration and social work are explored. The introduction concludes with a brief explanation of the organization of the volume, including its six sections and thirty-nine chapters.
Epilogue
Authors: Soeters Joseph , Shields Patricia M. , Hamington Maurice 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Addams worked to make the world a better place. She dedicated herself to working toward a world where strong, vibrant, democratic communities supported everyone—particularly the neglected poor. This Epilogue explores the applicability of Addams’s life, vision, and scholarship to the complicated and divisive twenty-first-century social environment. The volume editors do this using four lenses that capture ongoing issues that resonate across generations—inequality, immigration, militarism and unstable peace, and threats to democracy. They find that contemporary academic tools, such as statistics, computer simulations, and theorizing, demonstrate how greater cooperation and cohesion among people and nations facilitates efforts to resolve the challenges facing humanity. Strong academic, rigorous evidence confirms Addams’s work and theories as a feminist pragmatist, sociologist, and social philosopher. Jane Addams relevance remains, perhaps now more than ever.
Latin America and the Idea of Peace
Authors: Scarfi Juan Pablo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Latin America has played a pioneering role in the development of international mechanisms devoted to promoting peace such as arbitration, the legal settlement of international disputes, the codification of international law, and projects for international organization in both regional and hemispheric scales from the late nineteenth century until the 1930s. Specific principles designed to safeguard the region from foreign imperial and colonial interventions, notably the Roman principle of uti possidetis juris and the US Monroe Doctrine, emerged from the aftermath of independence from Spanish rule and thus could be traced back to the early nineteenth century. This chapter explores the evolution of the idea of peace in Latin America, focusing on both ideas and practices devoted to the promotion of peace in the region, as well as the intellectual contributions of Latin American jurists, statesmen, and diplomats. It also touches on the hegemonic role of the United States in the construction of a regional tradition along with continental institutions.
Nobel Peace Laureates Jane Addams and Emily Greene Balch
Authors: Whipps Judy D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Nobel Peace Prize recipients Jane Addams (1931) and Emily Greene Balch (1946) were friends and colleagues whose peace activism grew out of their Progressive Era reform agendas. Addams, the co-founder of the Hull House settlement house, was already famous when she entered the peace movement of the early twentieth century. Balch was a professor at Wellesley before working full time in international peace activism. They helped establish the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom with Addams as its first president. Balch, as the first international secretary-treasurer, was responsible for establishing the first WILPF office in Geneva. After a brief historical overview of their peace activism, this chapter examines three foundations of their philosophical and methodological pacifism that are still pertinent today: 1) women’s participation as a necessary part of peace work, 2) internationalism that can act as a corrective to economic/cultural nationalism, and 3) relational community-building methods that acknowledge the particularities of people, place, and context.
Modern East Asia and Peace
Authors: Iguchi Gerry 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter examines how subjection to the cultural, political, economic, and military imperialism of the West and other factors complicated the ideal of peace in East Asia during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Japan was doubly complex because, escaping formal imperialism, Japanese industrialized, established modern political institutions, and became imperialists themselves, preying on Korea and parts of China. In Japan, Buddhism generally cooperated with the state’s imperialism, in part because much as with the modern West, belief in the justification of Japan’s wars for peace became widespread. In both China and Japan, although we might understand Buddhist or spiritual principles to have been for peace in the abstract, favoring peace often intertwined with thinking leftist character. If East Asian leaders deployed related traditional philosophies, however, these often tended toward conservative ends such as facilitating “harmony” that would buttress national and transnational social, political, economic, and cultural hierarchies.
The Cakrasaṃvara Tantra
Authors: Gray David B. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The Cakrasaṃvara Tantra is a short but influential work in the Buddhist Yoginītantra genre and is considered the fundamental scripture (mūlatantra, “root tantra”) of what came to be one of the main practice traditions in this genre. It is a cryptic and somewhat obscure text that has a complicated textual history. It came to be seen as the basis of an important practice tradition, which ensured its continued influence until the present day. This practice tradition was initially popular in Northern India and was later transmitted to the Kathmandu Valley and Tibet, where it remains an important tradition of practice. Its practice has now spread around the world due to the Tibetan diaspora.
Democracy and Historical Political Economy
Authors: Stasavage David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The study of democracy, how it emerged, when it survives, and when it dies, is a preeminent concern for a great many scholars, as well as for the broader public. This chapter reviews three classic questions about democracy involving its deep origins, the advent of universal adult suffrage, and the varied success with sustaining modern electoral democracy. It does so by considering recent work in historical political economy and how it contributes to earlier work in political science, economics, and history. In an era where democracy faces significant challenges, it is all the more important to consider what its long history can tell us about the present. Democracy is a robust form of governance that many different human societies have practiced. Even so, democracy in an individual country can never be taken for granted, and maintaining it requires both periodic institutional creativity and continual investment so as to better connect citizens to the state.
Language
Authors: Mugglestone Lynda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
This chapter provides a critical exploration of a number of aspects of received wisdom about Johnson and language, exploring Johnson’s own linguistic practice in speech and writing, whether in private writing such as letters and diaries as well as within his published works on language, including his celebrated Dictionary. Against a background of strongly normative interest in language and linguistic regulation, it examines Johnson’s interest in, and presentation of, variation, contact, and change, alongside his engagement with other languages, while also directing close attention to Johnson’s documentary and evidential processes in terms of spelling, meaning and use, and the discourses of power, reform, and authority that these reveal. Across the chapter, questions of form and correctness, the nature of literary authority, and the challenges of lexicography, not least in relation to the conflicts of usage versus correctness, are carefully examined.
War
Authors: Alliker Rabb Melinda 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The concept of the evils of war weaves through Johnson’s work like a connective thread that at times appears visibly on the surface and at other times more subtly underlies the fabric of his thinking and expression. If the idea of war is pervasive, however, the actual body of the warrior is rare. Johnson avoided representation of the embattled flesh and bone of those who did the fighting and suffered its consequences. This dichotomy—confront the idea of war but avoid war-torn bodies—is central to recognizing the effect in his work of postmemory, the phenomenon through which trauma can be displaced onto later generations and can be reimagined by those who are distanced from immediate disaster by history or geography. This chapter analyzes the ways in which Johnson’s transformative abstractions of the corporeal human form are situated within narratives of human-generated violence whose pains resist direct confrontation.
Doubt
Authors: Shanafelt Carrie D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Scholars have long disagreed about whether to categorize Samuel Johnson as a skeptic or as an anti-skeptic, as his criticism attacks religious, historical, biographical, and philosophical discourse from both sides. Johnson differentiated skepticism as an intellectual method from doubt, an experience of uncertainty; while the former could be feigned or practiced badly, the latter must be pitied and assuaged. Reading Johnson as a skeptic, an anti-skeptic, and an anti-anti-skeptic, this chapter analyzes his intellectual method as a form of Christian discernment, drawing evidence from his literary criticism, fiction, lexicography, and reported conversation regarding the philosophers George Berkeley and David Hume.