bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring, cross‐resistance, inheritance, and fitness costs of brown planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens, resistance to pymetrozine in China
Authors: Song Xin‐Yu , Peng Yu‐Xuan , Wang Li‐Xiang , Ye Wen‐Nan , Pei Xin‐Guo , Zhang Yan‐Chao , Zhang Shuai , Gao Cong‐Fen , Wu Shun‐Fan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, is considered the most destructive pest of rice in many Asian countries including China. Use of pymetrozine in insect resistance management (IRM) has been one strategy to control this pest. In this study, we reported the status of pymetrozine resistance in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) collected from China over the period 2017–2021 and selected a strain of N. lugens resistant to pymetrozine and evaluated the cross‐resistance, inheritance and fitness costs of the resistance.RESULTSMonitoring data (2017–2021) showed that field populations of N. lugens in China developed moderate‐ to high‐level pymetrozine resistance during these 5 years. By continuous selection with pymetrozine in the lab, the pymetrozine selected N. lugens strain (Pym‐R98) developed a 225.2‐fold resistance compared to a susceptible strain. The Pym‐R98 strain showed high cross‐resistance to dinotefuran (66.6‐fold) and low cross‐resistance to nitenpyram (5.2‐fold) and sulfoxaflor (5.8‐fold). Inheritance pattern analysis of Pym‐R93 revealed that resistance to pymetrozine was polygenic, autosomal and incompletely dominant. Fitness costs of pymetrozine resistance were present in Pym‐R90 and WA2020 strains with a relative fitness of 0.72 and 0.60, respectively. The developmental duration of Pym‐R90 and WA2020 was significantly longer and hatchability was significantly lower compared to pymetrozine‐susceptible strain (Pym‐S).CONCLUSIONSN. lugens has developed high level of resistance to pymetrozine. Pymetrozine‐resistance brown planthopper had cross‐resistance with some of neonicotinoids such as dinotefuran, nitenpyram and sulfoxaflor. The autosomal, incompletely dominant and polygenic resistance to pymetrozine in N. lugens and the fitness costs associated with this resistance can be exploited in IRM strategies to preserve the lifetime of pymetrozine for control of N. lugens in China. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sensitivity of cloud‐radiative effects to cloud fraction parametrizations in tropical, midlatitude, and arctic kilometre‐scale simulations
Authors: Van Weverberg Kwinten , Morcrette Cyril J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe regional atmosphere (RA) configuration of the Met Office Unified Model currently requires different cloud fraction parametrizations (CFPs) for tropical and midlatitude simulations. To explore the scope for unification of these two RA configurations, this article presents a detailed evaluation of simulations over tropical, midlatitude, and arctic domains, with two different diagnostic CFPs: a prognostic CFP, and no CFP at all. Furthermore, a novel, hybrid approach was used that treats liquid cloud diagnostically and ice cloud prognostically. Using observations from three US Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement supersites, it is shown that none of these CFPs stands out as superior over all domains. Over the frequently overcast Arctic, the all‐or‐nothing approach best captures the cloud radiative properties. Conversely, CFPs are of benefit in regions with frequent partial cloudiness, such as the midlatitudes and the Tropics. However, their improved cloud radiative properties often hide an error compensation. All models underestimate overcast, low‐base cloud with small water paths in convective environments. In addition, midlatitude overcast, low‐base, optically thick clouds in the morning, possibly associated with overnight convection, are frequently too broken. Diagnostic schemes compensate for these errors by producing spurious, scattered afternoon cloud, which could be due to a correct cloud response to too eager convective initiation. Winter clouds over the midlatitudes are improved when liquid cloud is represented diagnostically with a bimodal saturation‐departure probability density function, without error compensation. Although it is difficult to unify the RA across the globe around a single CFP scheme, the newly proposed hybrid scheme performs reasonably well for cloud cover across all regions. It also exhibits short‐wave biases that are smaller than most other configurations and is less affected by excessive liquid water paths and compensating errors than fully diagnostic schemes are. Surface precipitation is fairly insensitive to the CFP in the simulations shown here.
Optimization design on the section of curved composite box beam bridges
Authors: Lu Pengzhen , Shi Qingtian , Li Dengguo , Wu Ying 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA curved composite box girder bridge has a coupling effect of bending and torsion under external load. The existence of interface slip will reduce the stiffness of the curved box girder and generate additional deflection. Because the curved composite box girder has multiple junction surfaces, under the action of external load, the different junction surfaces present asymmetrical slip distribution, and the shear connector force is complicated, so it is difficult to obtain its analytical solution. In this paper, an analysis model of a curved steel‐concrete composite box girder is established by selecting the appropriate element type and material constitutive relationship model. And by comparing the numerical simulation results with the experimental results, the correctness and rationality of the constitutive relationship between the element type and the material are verified. Based on the cross‐section parameters obtained by numerical simulation and experimental verification, combined with nonlinear optimization theory, the relationship between the optimized parameters is analyzed, and the cross‐section of the curved composite box girder is optimized. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of curved box girder bridges.
High‐temperature effect on mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concretes including waste tire rubber
Authors: Ozturk Murat , Balcikanli Bankir Muzeyyen , Sevim Umur Korkut 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this paper, concretes including three different fiber types (carbon steel fiber [CSF], forta ferro fiber [FFF], and polypropylene fiber [PPF]) with different percentages by volume (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) and crumb rubber (CR) as a replacement of fine aggregate by volume (5%, 10%, and 15%) are mechanically investigated. Compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, pull out strength, and elevated heat resistance tests are conducted 28 days after casting on the prepared concrete specimens. For the elevated heat resistance test, samples are exposed to 200, 400, and 600°C heat for 2 h and then compressive strength test is applied. According to the test results, fiber reinforcement limits compressive strength decrease and improves flexural tensile strength properties of the rubberized concretes. The positive effect of the fiber reinforcement is also observed on the samples conducted to pull out strength and elevated temperature resistance tests. CSF and PPF reinforced rubberized concretes perform better pull‐out resistance then the FFF reinforced rubberized concretes. Elevated heat resistance test is as expected since with elevation of the temperature strength of the concrete decreases. But according to the test results of the present study, the strength decrease seems to be limited with fiber reinforcement. As a result, incorporation of the fiber and CR could help to utilize more waste tire (CR) in concrete to produce sustainable eco‐friendly concrete.
Retrospective analysis of efficacy and safety of oral paclitaxel for treatment of various cancers in dogs (2017–2021)
Authors: Chae Hyung‐Kyu , Oh Ye‐In , Park Sumin , An Ju‐Hyun , Seo Kyoungwon , Kang Kyuyong , Chu Seung‐nam , Youn Hwa‐Young 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn humans, several safety evaluations have shown minimal adverse events with oral paclitaxel; however, its therapeutic efficacy and safety has not been well established in dogs with various cancers.ObjectivesWe aimed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral paclitaxel in dogs with various cancers.MethodsTwenty‐one dogs diagnosed with various cancers were administered several doses of oral paclitaxel three times a month (group 1) or six times a month (group 2).ResultsThe overall response rate was 6.25% (6.25%, complete response; 56.25%, stable disease; 37.5%, progressive disease) in dogs for which the treatment response could be evaluated. The median overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were 74 and 60.5 days, respectively. Regardless of the administration group, differences in OS and PFS of the two groups did not reach statistical significance. Most dogs tolerated the treatment regimen well, and although minor adverse events were observed in some dogs, they recovered after temporary drug discontinuation, dose reduction or symptomatic treatment. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of adverse events between the two groups.ConclusionsBased on the observed responses in certain types of cancers and the minimal adverse events, the study findings supported the efficacy and safety of oral paclitaxel administration in dogs. Thus, oral paclitaxel could play a role in the management of cancer in dogs.
Electrocatalytic oxidation of aromatic amine (4‐aminobiphenyl): Kinetics and transformation products with mechanistic approach
Authors: Verma Deepshikha Singh , Kushwaha Jai Prakash , Singh Neetu , Kaur Ravneet 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectrocatalytic oxidation (EO) of carcinogenic 4‐aminobiphenyl (4‐ABP) aromatic amine was performed using Ti‐RuO2 anodes. Current (I), pH, electrolysis time (t), and 4‐ABP initial concentration (Co) were selected as EO parameters, and their effects on %4‐ABP removal (R1) and energy consumed (R2) were studied. Experimental design, parameters optimization, and their interaction with responses R1 and R2 were performed using response surface methodology. At optimized parameters, %TOC removal and 4‐BP mineralization current efficiency (%MCE) were assessed to evaluate the potential of Ti/RuO2 anodes towards 4‐ABP mineralization. Simultaneous TOC and 4‐ABP degradation kinetics were also studied to evaluate the competition in 4‐ABP mineralization and degradation. Further, UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS analysis was performed to identify the 4‐ABP transformation products during the EO, and a mechanism describing the EO transformation was proposed. At optimum parameters (I = 1.2 A; pH = 4.0; t = 30 min; Co = 30 ppm), responses were found to be R1 = 60.25%; R2 = 2.49 kWh/g of 4‐ABP removed. %TOC removal and %MCE were 52.4% and 34.2%, respectively.Practitioner Points

4‐Aminobiphenyl electro‐oxidation (EO) was explored using Ti/RuO2 anode.
Achieved 34.2% mineralization current efficiency, 52.4% TOC and 61.3% TKN removal.
Three electro‐oxidation transformation products of 4‐ABP were detected.
4‐Aminobiphenyl was found degrading at ≈1.6 times higher rate than TOC
A plausible EO transformation pathway and mechanism was proposed.
Causal Mechanisms in the Introduction and Development of Unemployment Insurance in Turkey
Authors: Öktem Kerem Gabriel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroduced in 1999 after decades of planning and debate, Turkey’s unemployment insurance programme has been transformed within twenty years. While the key statutes regarding access to and generosity of unemployment benefits have remained intact, new instruments have been added to the programme. Collectively, these new instruments have changed the logic of the programme from unemployment protection to active labour market policies and employment generation. In this chapter, I explore causal mechanisms behind the introduction and the transformation of Turkey’s unemployment insurance programme with qualitative research methods (policy research, archival research and expert interviews). I identify four causal mechanisms that shaped the process: double benefit, business-led reform, transnational cooperation and outcompeting.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Molecular Radicals and Carbenes in Helium Droplets
Authors: Douberly Gary E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe helium droplet is an ideal environment to spectroscopically probe difficult to prepare molecular species, such as radicals, carbenes and ions. The quantum nature of helium at 0.4 K often results in molecular spectra that are sufficiently resolved to evoke an analysis of line shapes and fine-structure via rigorous “effective Hamiltonian” treatments. In this chapter, we will discuss general experimental methodologies and a few examples of successful attempts to efficiently dope helium droplets with organic molecular radicals or carbenes. In several cases, radical reactions have been carried out inside helium droplets via the sequential capture of reactive species, resulting in the kinetic trapping of reaction intermediates. Infrared laser spectroscopy has been used to probe the properties of these systems under either zero-field conditions or in the presence of externally applied, homogeneous electric or magnetic fields.
Managing Innovation in Teaching in ODDE
Authors: Bates Tony 
Published: May 2022

AbstractInnovation is the lifeblood of open, distance and digital education (ODDE), but it has often proved difficult for ODDE institutions to continue to innovate in response to a changing world outside. Innovation though is not “magic” or serendipitous. There are well-established methods by which innovation can be nurtured and managed in ODDE. Following a literature review of innovation in ODDE, the chapter discusses common myths regarding innovation, several barriers to change in ODDE institutions, then offers five strategies to support innovation. A case study is provided that illustrates a number of factors that support sustained innovation in ODDE, and the chapter ends by suggesting that innovation is not an end in itself but is best managed by focusing on the major, long-term goals of ODDE, and the main challenges that ODDE institutions face. In particular, ODDE institutions need to remain innovative to meet increasing competition from the conventional higher education institutions and above all from large, digital technology companies.
Introduction to Smart Cities in Asia: Regulations, Problems, and Development
Authors: Damian Daniela , Phan Thanh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAsia Pacific, which makes up 60% of the world’s population, is emerging as a dynamic region in the world in terms of economic and technological growth. It is no surprise that Asian cities are also recognized as leaders in designing smart cities that harness digital information to improve operational efficiency. This chapter provides an overview of the subjects and jurisdictions that this book will cover, outlining its structure as well as the flow of the discussion. This book aims to provide audiences with an overview of smart cities in Asia from different perspectives. While the topic of Smart Cities in Asia: Regulations, Problems, and Development does not address all concerns and questions about smart cities in Asia, the discussions outline regulatory frameworks of some countries, addresses certain problems, and projects the development of smart cities in the region. The book also establishes a network of scholars and practitioners who are interested in researching smart cities. The editors and authors welcome all comments, suggestions, and initiatives promoting scholarship in this area.
Smart Cities in Asia: An Introductory Note
Authors: Courtney Doagoo B. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides a framework to conceptualize a few common topics related to smart city governance. It provides a high-level overview of smart cities movement in Asian countries, followed by the various mechanics and concepts of smart cities to demonstrate that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to create smart cities. It will then highlight several common concerns and challenges relating to smart city governance, which include privacy, security, and public–private partnerships.
Domestic tourism demand in the North and the South of Europe in the Covid-19 summer of 2020
Authors: Falk Martin Thomas , Hagsten Eva , Lin Xiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study investigates empirically changes in domestic summer tourism demand following the Covid-19 pandemic in 305 regions across six European countries (Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Spain and Sweden) based on official data. Five different groups of NUTS 3 regions are identified in accordance with a typology suggested by the OECD where density and connectivity are aspects of importance. Dynamic panel data estimations show that large metropolitan regions experience strong decreases in demand (approximately 30 per cent) both in July and August 2020. There are, however, clear differences between the Northern and Southern European countries. In the North, the remote regions encounter an increased demand that is partially offsetting losses in the large metropolitan regions. This pattern cannot be found in the South. The decline in domestic tourism flows to the major metropolitan areas is also more pronounced in the South of Europe, approximately 50 per cent per summer month compared with 20 per cent (July 2020) and stagnation (August 2020) in the North regions.
Tumor-derived IL-8 facilitates lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer via PD-1 up-regulation in CD8+ T cells
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhai Jing , Shen Yuke , Zhang Tiancheng , Wang Yaohui , He Yani , You Qiang , Shen Lizong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The pretherapeutic serum interleukin-8 (sIL-8) levels have been revealed to be increased in about half of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. However, the roles of IL-8 in lymph node metastasis (LNM) and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods
146 patients with primary gastric carcinoma were enrolled in this study. ELISA was used to measure IL-8 levels. The CD4/CD8 ratio and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression of T cells in primary tumor tissues, tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and non-draining lymph nodes (NDLNs) were assayed with flow cytometry. Protein expression of the molecules was determined with immunohistochemistry, western blotting or immunoprecipitation. The gastric cancer mouse tumor model with LNM was utilized to determine the role of IL-8 in regulation of tumor metastasis and progression.

Results
The elevated sIL-8 levels were associated with LNM and poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Furthermore, sIL-8 was identified to be prominently produced by gastric cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Elevated IL-8 can up-regulate PD-1 expression in CD8+ T cells, resulting in immunosuppression in primary tumors and TDLNs, which enhances LNM of gastric cancer. Molecularly, IL-8 increases PD-1 expression through JAK2/STAT3 signaling activation, and inhibits its ubiquitination via Fbxo38 down-regulation. In addition, the in vivo studies in mouse gastric cancer model demonstrated that IL-8 promotes LNM via PD-1 up-regulation in CD8+ T cells.

Conclusion
The present study elucidates the pro-metastatic role of elevated IL-8 in gastric cancer, and provides novel insights to enhance immune checkpoint blockade therapy for anti-PD-1 in gastric cancer.
Wer kann sich vorstellen, von Angehörigen gepflegt zu werden?
Authors: Raiber Lea , Fischer Florian , Boscher Claudia , Steinle Johannes , Winter Maik H. -J. 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Zahl pflegebedürftiger Personen wird in den kommenden Jahren, bedingt durch den demografischen Wandel, weiterhin zunehmen. Um eine hochwertige bedarfs- und bedürfnisorientierte pflegerische Versorgung zu gewährleisten, nimmt die Berücksichtigung der Pflegepräferenzen eine besondere Bedeutung ein.

Ziel der Arbeit
Dieser Beitrag soll zum einen die Pflegepräferenzen 65- bis 75-Jähriger darstellen und zum anderen Prädiktoren der Präferenz für eine Pflege durch Angehörige identifizieren.

Methoden
Es wurde eine repräsentative Bevölkerungsbefragung der 65- bis 75-Jährigen in der Region Bodensee-Oberschwaben durchgeführt (n = 625). Die Daten werden deskriptiv dargestellt und hinsichtlich der Präferenz für informelle Pflege bi- und multivariat (χ2-Tests; logistische Regression) ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Die Mehrheit der Befragten präferiert eine Pflege im häuslichen Umfeld; zumeist mit professioneller Unterstützung. Zudem stehen die Befragten „alternativen“ Wohnformen (z. B. Mehrgenerationenwohnen oder Wohngemeinschaften für ältere Menschen) positiv gegenüber.
Bedeutende Prädiktoren für die Präferenz informeller Pflege sind das männliche Geschlecht, das Vorhandensein weiterer im Haushalt lebender Personen, eine eigene Pflegebereitschaft und ein fehlender Berufsabschluss.

Diskussion
Die Präferenz für eine pflegerische Versorgung im häuslichen Umfeld bringt Herausforderungen für informell und formell Pflegende sowie für die Pflegebedürftigen selbst mit sich, die zu einem Spannungsfeld zwischen den Erwartungen und Möglichkeiten führen können. Zur Sicherstellung einer zukunftsfähigen und nutzer*innenorientierten pflegerischen Versorgung bedarf es daher einer qualitativen sowie quantitativen Weiterentwicklung der ambulanten Versorgung.
Application of the mirror technique for block-face scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Talapka Petra , Bába Bence Béla , Mészár Zoltán , Kisvárday Réka Eszter , Kocsis Zsolt , Srivastava Mohit , Kisvárday Zoltán 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe mirror technique adapted for electron microscopy allows correlating neuronal structures across the cutting plane of adjoining light microscopic sections which, however, have a limited thickness, typically less than 100 µm (Talapka et al. in Front Neuroanat, 2021, 10.3389/fnana.2021.652422). Here, we extend the mirror technique for tissue blocks in the millimeter range and demonstrate compatibility with serial block-face electron microscopy (SBEM). An essential step of the methodological improvement regards the recognition that unbound resin must be removed from the tissue surface to gain visibility of surface structures. To this, the tissue block was placed on absorbent paper during the curing process. In this way, neuronal cell bodies could be unequivocally identified using epi-illumination and confocal microscopy. Thus, the layout of cell bodies which were cut by the sectioning plane can be correlated with the layout of their complementary part in the adjoining section processed for immunohistochemistry. The modified mirror technique obviates the spatial limit in investigating synaptology of neurochemically identified structures such as neuronal processes, dendrites and axons.
Molecular mechanisms of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer progression
Authors: Xie Yuchen , Ning Songyi , Hu Jianpeng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Rapid evolution of the therapeutic management of prostate cancer, especially in in second-generation androgen inhibitors, has increased the opportunity of transformation from prostate cancer (PCa) to neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). NEPC still lacks effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Researches into the molecular characteristics of neuroendocrine differentiation is undoubtedly crucial to the discovery of new target genes for accurate diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Purpose
In this review, we focus on the relevant genes and molecular mechanisms that have contributed to the transformation in the progression of PCa and discuss the potential targeted molecule that might improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic effectiveness.

Methods
The relevant literatures from PubMed have been reviewed for this article.

Conclusion
Several molecular characteristics influence the progression of neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer which will provide a novel sight for accurate diagnosis and target therapeutic intervention for patients with NEPC.