bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Q-BOR–FDTD method for solving Schrödinger equation for rotationally symmetric nanostructures with hydrogenic impurity
Authors: Firoozi Arezoo , Mohammadi Ahmad , Khordad Reza , Jalali Tahmineh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An efficient method inspired by the traditional body of revolution finite-difference time-domain (BOR-FDTD) method is developed to solve the Schrödinger equation for rotationally symmetric problems. As test cases, spherical, cylindrical, cone-like quantum dots, harmonic oscillator, and spherical quantum dot with hydrogenic impurity are investigated to check the efficiency of the proposed method which we coin as Quantum BOR-FDTD (Q-BOR-FDTD) method. The obtained results are analysed and compared to the 3D FDTD method, and the analytical solutions. Q-BOR-FDTD method proves to be very accurate and time and memory efficient by reducing a three-dimensional problem to a two-dimensional one, therefore one can employ very fine meshes to get very precise results. Moreover, it can be exploited to solve problems including hydrogenic impurities which is not an easy task in the traditional FDTD calculation due to singularity problem. To demonstrate its accuracy, we consider spherical and cone-like core-shell QD with hydrogenic impurity. Comparison with analytical solutions confirms that Q-BOR–FDTD method is very efficient and accurate for solving Schrödinger equation for problems with hydrogenic impurity
Assessing relationship of degradation of coastal zones and phytoplankton species structure of Lake Uvildy and Lake Turgoyak (South Ural, Russia)
Authors: Kostryukova A , Mashkova I , Belov S , Shchelkanova E , Trofimenko V , Kargina V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The current paper aims at analyzing the species structure of the phytoplankton community of two reservoirs on the territory of South Ural. The given water bodies are of different trophicity, namely, oligotrophic Lake Turgoyak and oligomesotrophic Lake Uvildy. Both lakes, being natural monuments, are subject to intensive recreational use. A large flow of tourists is a serious problem for the ecological state of the water bodies coastal areas. Also, tourist activities can affect the state of aquatic biocenoses. In this work, the degree of recreational degression of the selected study sites was assessed. The analysis was carried out according to the state of landscapes, vegetation and trampledness of the surveyed area. Based upon the research the current paper reveals spatial patterns in the distribution of recreational load on the coastal geosystems and the level of anthropogenic transformation of the territory. Mainly due to the high density of recreational centres and camping areas, the coastal area is characterized by a high degree of regression. Some signs allow forecasting changes in the species composition of phytoplankton communities and the trophic status of the lakes depending on the degradation of the coastal zones. Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) have been dominant in plankton phytocoenosis of Turgoyak and Uvildy. At the same time, in the oligomesotrophic lake (Uvildy), the number of diatom species is significantly reduced in areas with a higher degree of regression. Thus, diatoms are sensitive indicators of anthropogenic impact on aquatic ecosystems. Green and blue-green algae biodiversity has grown in the water body. However, no relationship was found between their species diversity and the level regression. But the following tendency is observed for the oligotrophic Lake Turgoyak. The species diversity of green algae grows with an increase in the degression degree. To forecast the further state of the studied water bodies, the revealed patterns in the change of the phytoplankton species structure depending on the degradation level of the coastal territories can be used as eutrophication signs.
Monitoring the evolution of drought conditions over Africa
Authors: Ebobenow J , Arreyndip N A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Droughts have been found to have serious repercussions on humans, animals, and plants’ lives and they are likely to intensify under increasing global mean temperature. Monitoring drought conditions help in designing appropriate adaptations and mitigation strategies. This paper monitors the evolution of drought conditions in Africa over the past 30 years and the potential repercussions posed by this disaster event. We analyze and compare trends in surface temperatures, precipitation, soil moisture, Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). We use the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis, the University of Delaware, the Climate Prediction Center (CPC), and the DAI PDSI gridded data for the period 1984-2014. Results from the NCEP/NCAR, University of Delaware, CPC, and the DAI PDSI gridded data show an increasingly warmer, drier, and less cloudy Sub-Saharan climate but with an intensification of the West African monsoon rainfall. Moreover, more than 80% of the continent shows strong evidence of droughts with an average increase in drought severity index. These conditions will likely have a negative effect on the agricultural sector which accounts for more than 70% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of this region thereby posing a serious threat to regional food security. We recommend the research into and the development of new crop varieties that can tolerate higher temperatures and need less water. Additionally, our findings can also be used in Sub-Saharan Africa’s water management systems.
GMS-MODFLOW application in the investigation of groundwater potential in Concepcion, Tarlac, Philippines
Authors: Quitaneg L C 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study used GMS-Modflow to investigate the ten-year groundwater potential in Concepcion, Tarlac. This region in Central Luzon, Philippines, with limited surface water, depends on groundwater as its primary freshwater source. The water demand projection estimated an increase of 38.5% from 2020 to 2030; hence, higher groundwater abstraction is perceived in the next ten years. To deviate from the risk associated with reliance on groundwater, this study, through GMS-MODFLOW, developed a groundwater model to mimic the aquifer’s current condition and investigated its behavior in response to future spatial and temporal variables. The simulation results generally showed a sustainable groundwater supply in Concepcion, Tarlac, for the next ten years, with no significant decline in hydraulic heads.
Design of a column test bench for the evaluation of alternative absorbent materials in wastewater treatment
Authors: Mayacela M , Maldonado L , Morales F , Peñafiel R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
One of the most used processes for wastewater treatment is filtration, still having unknowns related to the new possible absorbent materials which can provide better pollutant removal. This project proposes a column test bench capable of working with different materials, particle diameters (> 0.35mm) and densities and densities with three columns of 1.5 m length and 4 inches of diameter.. To perform this project, the type of reactive material for the filter medium was identified, considering the nominal and critical size of the fine sand (0.35m), as a basis for determining the design of the length, diameter of the and thickness column. The design conditions were taken so that the hydraulic system can function as a slow and rapid filter. The most critical operating conditions were selected, Qmax: 16.72 lpm and Filtration Rate: 19.80 m / h. Under these operating conditions, a hydraulic head loss of 2.77 m was obtained within the sand column. The result of this research is the design of a column test system that can work under different hydraulics conditions and absorbent materials with sizes greater than 0.35 mm, intended for the investigation of wastewater treatment from car washers and the removal of heavy metals. The final cost of building the column test is about 25% of the commercial price system.
Evapotranspiration estimation of Urmia Lake Basin using GCOM-C thermal imagery
Authors: Tasumi M , Moriyama M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Basin-scale monthly and annual evapotranspiration (ET) is estimated for Urmia Lake Basin by applying the Global Change Observation Mission for Climate (GCOM-C) global ETindex estimation algorithm to thermal imagery observed by the GCOM-C satellite. In total, 297 satellite images acquired during 2018-2019 were used in this study. ET estimation accuracy was examined for an area dominated by apple fields using traditional surface irrigation. The estimated ET was 15% lower than the standard crop ET, which was computed using a procedure suggested by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on a monthly timescale, and was 8% lower on an annual timescale. Comparison of estimated ET with a satellite-based ET map derived by using the Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) model showed a similar difference. The 8%–15% differences among the different sources of ET were small, given that a similar or wider range of uncertainty is frequently available even in ground-based ET measurements. Comparison between the estimated ET and the MODIS ET Product (MOD16) revealed a greater difference in the evaluated area of the apple fields. Given the climatic ET demands and the irrigation practices of the area, ET estimation accuracy is more likely to be higher using the dataset derived from this study than using MOD16. The GCOM-C satellite started routine surface observations in January 2018. Its contribution to agricultural water management, such as by estimating ET as presented in this study, will increase as the amount of historical data stored continues to accumulate.
Degradation of aqueous organic dye pollutants by heterogeneous photo-assisted Fenton-like process using natural mineral activator: Parameter optimization and degradation kinetics
Authors: Karim M A H , Aziz K H H , Omer K M , Salih Y M , Mustafa F , Rahman K O , Mohammad Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Degradation of organic pollutants by heterogeneous Fenton-based advanced oxidation processes has been proved to be an efficient method. The use of naturally occurring catalysts as H2O2 activators is of particular interest in environmental remediation. This work applied a low-cost and eco-friendly natural mineral under UV-light irradiation to degrade organic dye in water. To study the performance of the natural mineral in photo-Fenton oxidation, methylene blue (MB) was employed as a model dye pollutant. The morphology and chemical composition of the natural mineral were characterized using various techniques. The effects of different experimental conditions such as the initial pH of the solution, the amount of catalyst, and initial dye concentrations on the degradation efficiency were investigated. The degradation of methylene blue reached 91.3% at optimum reaction conditions; 0.1g catalyst and 100 mg L‒1 H2O2 concentrations for 10 mg L‒1 initial dye concentration after 180 min of treatment. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model exhibited a better correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.98) in explaining the degradation kinetics of MB. The applied natural mineral showed good catalytic activity and will open a door towards large-scale wastewater purification from dyes. Furthermore, the plausible mechanism of the heterogeneous photo-Fenton oxidation is discussed.
Meander floodplain management and stabilization of riverbank in urban region
Authors: Murniningsih S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The normalization of the Meander River in the past caused environmental problems, changed the river’s ecology, and required heavy maintenance such as stabilizing riverbanks with revetments, sheet piles and other constructions. Pesanggrahan River, located at Southern Region of Jakarta, Indonesia which has a meander channel at the border between the middle reach and downstream reach. The river was normalized at the end of the year 2012 with several modifications such as resection, realignment and cutting-off meandering bends. Analysis the effect of normalization consisting of meander cut-off and riverbank stabilization presented in this paper in term of the behaviour of sediment transport along the channel that has been normalized. HEC-RAS program is used to track the Pesanggrahan river flow from upstream to downstream before and after normalization. The Ackers-White equation used to calculate the amount of sediment for each section based on the change of the river section due to sediment motion after normalizing of the channel river. From the results of the study, it is proposed that a river naturalization or low impact development (LID) approach, such as floodplain management especially at the meander bend with riparian ecosystems that maintain stabilization at the riverbank also maintain habitat heterogeneity, is an important factor for the long-term survival of several rare and endangered species.
Groundwater geochemistry and hydrogeochemical processes assessment in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Ratri D , Putra D P E , Wilopo W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In Bantul, Southern Yogyakarta, groundwater is the main source of domestic water needs. Therefore, knowing the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater is crucial in order to manage a sustainable groundwater resource. To characterize the compelling geochemical processes that control the groundwater chemistry, further hydrogeochemical examinations were directed in the area. Thirty groundwater samples were collected from shallow dug wells during the early dry season (April 2021). Sampling procedures and chemical analysis were carried out as per standard methods with secondary data obtained in 2006. The geochemical evaluations were depicted using several graphical plots dependent on the ionic constituents, hydrochemical facies, and controlling factors of groundwater quality. Two major hydrochemical facies were identified: alkaline-earth water with higher alkali; bicarbonate predominated (62%) and alkaline-earth water; bicarbonate predominated (32%). Weathering of silicate minerals occurs in 70% of recent samples and predominantly regulates major ion chemistry such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. Chloro-alkaline indices 1,2 values signify that there are two potential rock-water interaction processes in the study region, namely the ion exchange and reverse ion exchange. Concentrations of nitrate, sulfate, and chloride indicate that the water chemistry has not been heavily contaminated by the land use in the area and is still mainly controlled by geogenic processes rather than anthropogenic activities.
Effect of channel slope and roughness on hydraulic jump in open channel flow
Authors: Laishram K , Kumar P A , Devi T T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
An experimental study is conducted on hydraulic jump characteristics for understanding the impact of slope in an open channel flume. Hydraulic jump on different channel characteristics (horizontal smooth & rough and sloping smooth & rough) were analysed. The measured characteristics of hydraulic jump with different channel roughness and different slope were compared. The results showed that the sequent depth ratio (y2/y1
) increases with the increase in Froude number (Fr1
) for smooth horizontal bed and horizontal rough bed. It was also observed that with an increase in Fr1
, a decrease in y2/y1
in smooth sloping bed condition and decreases for rough sloping bed. New empirical relationships were also developed with the experimental data and results were found similar with the observed hydraulic characteristics data.
Evaluation method of allowable concentration of pollutants considering the state of bottom sediments
Authors: Zhou D , Savichev O G 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Considering the dilution of sewage and the interaction between river water and bottom sediments, a mathematical model for the conversion of pollutants in water bodies has been developed. Taking the small rivers in northern Vietnam (Ban Thi River and Dai River in the Red River Basin) as an example, it shows that more than 60% of the chemical composition of the river waters studied is determined by the interaction of the following factors: Co-precipitation of sediments and trace elements on solid particles, and sediments at the bottom of the river. The impact of water runoff is first manifested in the change of solid runoff, and to a lesser extent in the process of regulating the water, which takes longer to establish equilibrium in the solution. On the basis of the proposed model, a simplified version of the model and a standardized pollutant discharge method have been developed for whether there is an option of river water chemical composition observation data. In this case, the influence of interaction with bottom sediments is indirectly considered through the structure of the model and its parameter values. The simplified model was tested with the Jinjiang River in the Poyang Lake Basin as an example.
3D bioprinted tumor model with extracellular matrix enhanced bioinks for nanoparticle evaluation
Authors: Chen You , Xu Langtao , Li Weilin , Chen Wanqi , He Qiubei , Zhang Xiaoge , Tang Junjie , Wang Yizhen , Liu Bo , Liu Jie 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The traditional evaluation of nanoparticles (NPs) is mainly based on 2D cell culture and animal models. However, these models are difficult to accurately represent human tumor microenvironment (TME) and fail to systematically study the complex transportation of NPs, thus limiting the translation of nano-drug formulations to clinical studies. This study reports a tumor model fabricated via 3D bioprinting with adipose decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) enhanced hybrid bioink. Compared with 2D cultured cells, the 3D printed tumor models with multicellular spheroids formation are closer to real tumor in protein, gene expression and tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo. Two characteristics of TME, ECM remodeling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, are tracked simultaneously under 3D conditions. Furthermore, the cellular uptake efficiency of two different NPs is significantly lower in the printed 3D tumor model than the 2D individual cells, and higher drug resistance is observed in 3D group, which suggest the ECM barrier of tumor can significantly affect the permeability of NPs. These results suggest that this 3D printed tumor model is capable of mimicking the multiple TME, potentially providing a more accurate platform for the design and development of NPs before moving into animal and clinical trials.
Multilayer microfluidic platform for the study of luminal, transmural, and interstitial flow
Authors: Lee Gi-hun , Huang Stephanie A , Aw Wen Y , Rathod Mitesh L , Cho Crescentia , Ligler Frances S , Polacheck William J 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Efficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues requires an intricate balance of blood, lymphatic, and interstitial fluid pressures (IFPs), and gradients in fluid pressure drive the flow of blood, lymph, and interstitial fluid through tissues. While specific fluid mechanical stimuli, such as wall shear stress, have been shown to modulate cellular signaling pathways along with gene and protein expression patterns, an understanding of the key signals imparted by flowing fluid and how these signals are integrated across multiple cells and cell types in native tissues is incomplete due to limitations with current assays. Here, we introduce a multi-layer microfluidic platform (MμLTI-Flow) that enables the culture of engineered blood and lymphatic microvessels and independent control of blood, lymphatic, and IFPs. Using optical microscopy methods to measure fluid velocity for applied input pressures, we demonstrate varying rates of interstitial fluid flow as a function of blood, lymphatic, and interstitial pressure, consistent with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. The resulting microfluidic and computational platforms will provide for analysis of key fluid mechanical parameters and cellular mechanisms that contribute to diseases in which fluid imbalances play a role in progression, including lymphedema and solid cancer.
Surface sum-frequency generation from chiral medium by elliptically polarized light beyond plane-wave approximation and coplanar geometry of incidence
Authors: Grigoriev K S , Makarov V A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Aiming to study the nonlinear response of the surface of isotropic chiral medium, we obtained analytical expression relating the transverse amplitudes of the spatial Fourier-spectra of two incident arbitrary polarized fundamental beams and one signal reflected beam at the sum-frequency within the first-order approximation by their divergence angles. The calculations, carried out in paraxial approximation, simultaneously take into account the spatial dispersion of the bulk of the medium, its near-surface heterogeneity and the transverse finiteness of the three interacting light beams with arbitrary amplitude profiles and orientation in space. A special compact form for the final formulas was found, which makes use of effective nonlinear transformation tensors, the components of which are solely determined by the geometry of incidence of the beams and the material constants of the medium. A possibility of ‘switching off’ the certain mechanisms of nonlinear response by choosing the specific polarization states of the incident beams is discussed.
Developing sensor materials for screening intestinal diseases
Authors: Zhao Cheng , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Chen Guopu , Shang Luoran 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Intestinal diseases that have high mortality and morbidity rates and bring huge encumbrance to the public medical system and economy worldwide, have always been the focus of clinicians and scientific researchers. Early diagnosis and intervention are valuable in the progression of many intestinal diseases. Fortunately, the emergence of sensor materials can effectively assist clinical early diagnosis and health monitoring. By accurately locating the lesion and sensitively analyzing the level of disease markers, these sensor materials can help to precisely diagnose the stage and state of lesions, thereby avoiding delayed treatment. In this review, we provide comprehensive and in-depth knowledge of diagnosing and monitoring intestinal diseases with the assistance of sensor materials, particularly emphasizing their design and application in bioimaging and biodetection. This review is dedicated to conveying practical applications of sensor materials in the intestine, critical analysis of their mechanisms and applications and discussion of their future roles in medicine. We believe that this review will promote multidisciplinary communication between material science, medicine and relevant engineering fields, thus improving the clinical translation of sensor materials.