bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the influence laws of the flow and cavitation characteristics in an injector control valve
Authors: Ren Rina , Su Tiexiong , Ma Fukang , Wu XiaoJun , Xu Chunlong , Zhao Xin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFuel cavitation can cause damage to the structure of an injector control valve, which can further affect the service life of the injector. Therefore, it is of great importance to carry out research on the mechanism of cavitation in injector control valves. In this study, the dynamic evolution of the cavitation and fuel flow characteristics during the opening of a ball valve in a high‐pressure common rail injector control valve were studied. First, a transient CFD simulation of the cavitation during the opening of the control valve was performed using dynamic mesh technology to analyze the evolution and formation mechanism of the cavitation. The cavitation was influenced by the fuel flow velocity, which was affected by the sealing cone angle and the ball valve movement. Additionally, the fuel reflux could effectively inhibit the development of cavitation. By comparing with the pressure, velocity, and mass flow rate of the fuel under conditions without cavitation, it was found that the cavitation had a remarkable effect on reducing the hydraulic shock to the ball valve and sealing cone as well as stabilizing the fluctuation of the fuel velocity in the control chamber. In addition, the cavitation noticeably decreased the fuel mass flow rate (by up to 32% at 0.015 ms) and increased the average pressure in the chamber (by up to 29.1% at 0.01 ms), ultimately leading to a slower response of the control valve. The analysis of different inlet pressures of the control valve indicated that the increase in the inlet pressure caused the cavitation to extend upward along the sealing cone, and that the cavitation ring area and the cavitation strength increased.
Highly branched amylopectin binder for sulfur cathodes with enhanced performance and longevity
Authors: Hencz Luke , Chen Hao , Wu Zhenzhen , Qian Shangshu , Chen Su , Gu Xingxing , Liu Xianhu , Yan Cheng , Zhang Shanqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe sulfur cathode of lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries suffers from inherent problems of insufficient mechanical strength and the dissolution of sulfur and polysulfides. Inspired by the extraordinarily resilient and strong binding force of the Great Wall binder, that is, the sticky rice mortar, we extracted highly branched amylopectin (HBA), the effective ingredient, as a low‐cost, nontoxic and environmentally benign aqueous binder for the sulfur cathode. The HBA‐based cells outperform the Li‐S batteries based on the traditional polyvinyldene diflouride (PVDF) binder and a lowly branched polysaccharide binder. The improved electrochemical performance in the HBA‐based cell could be attributed to two mechanisms. First, the branched structure of the HBA provides enhanced mechanical and adhesive properties, which allow for a robust electronic and ionic conductive framework to be maintained throughout the cathode after extended cycling. Second, the HBA shows enhanced polysulfide retention due to the polymer's abundant lone‐pair rich hydroxyl groups and the formation of C─S bonds between the HBA and polysulfides prohibits the shuttle effect of polysulfides. The improved mechanical properties and polysulfide retention function of the HBA binder facilitate the HBA‐based Li‐S battery to deliver a long cycle life of 500 cycles at 2 C while only displaying a capacity fading of 0.104% per cycle.
Influenza virus entry and replication inhibited by 8‐prenylnaringenin from Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (wild watermelon)
Authors: Hanada Akari , Morimoto Ryosuke , Horio Yuka , Shichiri Mototada , Nakashima Ayaka , Ogawa Taro , Suzuki Kengo , Sumitani Hidenobu , Ogata Tokutaro , Isegawa Yuji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe previously demonstrated the anti‐influenza activity of Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (wild watermelon, WWM); however, the active ingredient was unknown. Here, we performed metabolomic analysis to evaluate the ingredients of WWM associated with antiviral activity. Many low‐molecular weight compounds were identified, with flavonoids accounting for 35% of all the compounds in WWM juice. Prenylated flavonoids accounted for 30% of the flavonoids. Among the measurable components of phytoestrogens in WWM juice, 8‐prenylnaringenin showed the highest antiviral activity. We synthesized 8‐prenylnaringenin and used liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to quantitate the active ingredient in WWM. The antiviral activities of 8‐prenylnaringenin were observed against H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A subtypes and influenza B viruses. Moreover, 8‐prenylnaringenin was found to inhibit virus adsorption and late‐stage virus replication, suggesting that the mechanisms of action of 8‐prenylnaringenin may differ from those of amantadine and oseltamivir. We confirmed that 8‐prenylnaringenin strongly inhibited the viral entry of all the influenza virus strains that were examined, including those resistant to the anti‐influenza drugs oseltamivir and amantadine. This result indicates that 8‐prenylnaringenin may activate the host cell's defense mechanisms, rather than directly acting on the influenza virus. Since 8‐prenylnaringenin did not inhibit late‐stage virus replication of oseltamivir‐resistant strains, 8‐prenylnaringenin may interact directly with viral neuraminidase. These results are the first report on the anti‐influenza virus activity of 8‐prenylnaringenin. Our results highlight the potential of WWM and phytoestrogens to develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic approaches to the influenza virus.
MDReg‐Net: Multi‐resolution diffeomorphic image registration using fully convolutional networks with deep self‐supervision
Authors: Li Hongming , Fan Yong ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe present a diffeomorphic image registration algorithm to learn spatial transformations between pairs of images to be registered using fully convolutional networks (FCNs) under a self‐supervised learning setting. Particularly, a deep neural network is trained to estimate diffeomorphic spatial transformations between pairs of images by maximizing an image‐wise similarity metric between fixed and warped moving images, similar to those adopted in conventional image registration algorithms. The network is implemented in a multi‐resolution image registration framework to optimize and learn spatial transformations at different image resolutions jointly and incrementally with deep self‐supervision in order to better handle large deformation between images. A spatial Gaussian smoothing kernel is integrated with the FCNs to yield sufficiently smooth deformation fields for diffeomorphic image registration. The spatial transformations learned at coarser resolutions are utilized to warp the moving image, which is subsequently used as input to the network for learning incremental transformations at finer resolutions. This procedure proceeds recursively to the full image resolution and the accumulated transformations serve as the final transformation to warp the moving image at the finest resolution. Experimental results for registering high‐resolution 3D structural brain magnetic resonance (MR) images have demonstrated that image registration networks trained by our method obtain robust, diffeomorphic image registration results within seconds with improved accuracy compared with state‐of‐the‐art image registration algorithms.
The effect of the Shaker head‐lift exercise on swallowing function following treatment for head and neck cancer: Results from a randomized, controlled trial with videofluoroscopic evaluation
Authors: Tuomi Lisa , Dotevall Hans , Bergquist Henrik , Petersson Kerstin , Andersson Mats , Finizia Caterina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDysphagia is common following treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC) and intervention to improve swallowing function is warranted. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the Shaker head‐lift exercise (HLE) to improve dysphagia in HNC patients.MethodsPatients treated for HNC with radiochemotherapy and with subsequent dysphagia were randomly assigned to intervention (HLE, n = 25) and control (standard dysphagia management, n = 27) groups. Videofluoroscopic evaluation of penetration‐aspiration, initiation, residue, movement of selected structures, and self‐perceived swallowing function, before and after 8 weeks of treatment, were compared.ResultsAlthough adherence to training was high, no statistically significant differences in objectively measured swallowing function between the groups or within‐group changes were found. Self‐perceived swallowing function improved in the intervention group.ConclusionsIn this HNC population, neither HLE nor standard dysphagia management improved objectively measured swallowing function as evaluated after 8 weeks. Future research focusing on finding effective interventions for dysphagia is warranted.
Cortical Bone Loss Following Gastric Bypass Surgery Is Not Primarily Endocortical
Authors: Sadoughi Saghi , Pasco Courtney , Joseph Gabby B , Wu Po-Hung , Schafer Anne L , Kazakia Galateia J 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an effective treatment for obesity; however, it may negatively impact skeletal health by increasing fracture risk. This increase may be the result not only of decreased bone mineral density but also of changes in bone microstructure, for example, increased cortical porosity. Increased tibial and radial cortical porosity of patients undergoing RYGB surgery has been observed as early as 6 months postoperatively; however, local microstructural changes and associated biological mechanisms driving this increase remain unclear. To provide insight, we studied the spatial distribution of cortical porosity in 42 women and men (aged 46 ± 12 years) after RYGB surgery. Distal tibias and radii were evaluated with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) preoperatively and at 12 months postoperatively. Laminar analysis was used to determine cortical pore number and size within the endosteal, midcortical, and periosteal layers of the cortex. Paired t tests were used to compare baseline versus follow-up porosity parameters in each layer. Mixed models were used to compare longitudinal changes in laminar analysis outcomes between layers. We found that the midcortical (0.927 ± 0.607 mm−2 to 1.069 ± 0.654 mm−2, p = 0.004; 0.439 ± 0.293 mm−2 to 0.509 ± 0.343 mm−2, p = 0.03) and periosteal (0.642 ± 0.412 mm−2 to 0.843 ± 0.452 mm−2, p &lt; 0.0001; 0.171 ± 0.101 mm−2 to 0.230 ± 0.160 mm−2, p = 0.003) layers underwent the greatest increases in porosity over the 12-month period at the distal tibia and radius, respectively. The endosteal layer, which had the greatest porosity at baseline, did not undergo significant porosity increase over the same period (1.234 ± 0.402 mm−2 to 1.259 ± 0.413 mm−2, p = 0.49; 0.584 ± 0.290 mm−2 to 0.620 ± 0.299 mm−2, p = 0.35) at the distal tibia and radius, respectively. An alternative baseline-mapping approach for endosteal boundary definition confirmed that cortical bone loss was not primarily endosteal. These findings indicate that increases in cortical porosity happen in regions distant from the endosteal surface, suggesting that the underlying mechanism driving the increase in cortical porosity is not merely endosteal trabecularization. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Predicted fat mass and lean mass in relation to all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality
Authors: Liu Mengyi , Zhang Zhuxian , Zhou Chun , Ye Ziliang , He Panpan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Huan , Liu Chengzhang , Qin Xianhui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the prospective association of body composition with mortality in US general populations are limited. We aimed to examine this association by utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a representative sample of US adults, linked with data from the National Death Index.MethodsWe analysed data of NHANES 1988–1994 and 1999–2014, with 55 818 participants [50.6% female, baseline mean age: 45.0 years (SE, 0.2)]. Predicted fat mass and lean mass were calculated using the validated sex‐specific anthropometric prediction equations developed by the NHANES based on individual age, race, height, weight, and waist circumference. Body composition and other covariates were measured at only one time point. Multivariable Cox regression was used to investigate the associations of predicted fat mass and lean mass with overall and cause‐specific mortality, adjusting for potential confounders. Interactions between age and body composition on mortality were examined with likelihood ratio testing.ResultsMean predicted fat mass was 24.1 kg [95% confidence interval (CI): 23.9–24.3) for male participants and 29.9 kg (95% CI: 29.6–30.1) for female participants, while mean predicted lean mass was 59.3 kg (95% CI: 59.1–59.5) for male participants and 41.7 kg (95% CI: 41.5–41.8) for female participants. During a median period of 9.7 years from the survey, 10 408 deaths occurred. When predicted fat and lean mass were both included in the model, predicted fat mass showed a U‐shaped association with all‐cause mortality, with significantly higher risk at two ends: Quintile 1 (HR, 1.17; 95% CI: 1.05–1.31), Quintile 2 (HR, 1.14; 95% CI: 1.04–1.26) and Quintile 5 (HR, 1.37; 95% CI: 1.12–1.68) compared with Quintile 3. In contrast, predicted lean mass showed a L‐shaped association with all‐cause mortality, with higher mortality in those with lower lean mass: Quintile 1 (HR, 1.64; 95% CI: 1.46–1.83) and Quintile 2 (HR, 1.29; 95% CI: 1.18–1.42) compared with Quintile 3. Similar results were found for cardiovascular, cancer, and respiratory cause‐specific mortality. Age was a significant modifier: There was a monotonic positive association of predicted fat mass with mortality in younger participants (<60 years), but an approximate J‐shaped association in older participants (≥60 years) (P interaction <0.001); there was a stronger inverse association between predicted lean mass and mortality in older participants (≥60) compared with those <60 years (P interaction <0.001).ConclusionsIn this US general population, predicted fat mass and lean mass were independent predictors for overall and cause‐specific mortality. Age was a significant modifier on the associations.
Myocardial Deformation in the Pediatric Age Group: Normal Values for Strain and Strain Rate Using 2D Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking
Authors: Voges Inga , Negwer Inken , Caliebe Amke , Boroni Grazioli Simona , Daubeney Piers E.F. , Uebing Anselm , Pennell Dudley J. , Krupickova Sylvia 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundMyocardial deformation can be assessed from routine cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) images using two‐dimensional feature tracking (2D‐FT). Although reference values are essential for implementation of strain imaging in clinical practice, data for the healthy pediatric age group are limited.PurposeTo provide pediatric MR reference values for strain and strain rate for all four heart chambers.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsOne hundred and fifty‐seven healthy children from two institutions (102 male, age 4.7–18 years).Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T; balanced steady‐state free precession sequence.AssessmentLeft ventricular (LV) global and regional longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain and strain rate as well as right ventricular (RV) and atrial global and regional longitudinal strain and strain rate were measured in two‐, three‐, and four‐chamber views and the short axis stack. The relationships between strain parameters and age, height, weight, and gender were investigated. Age‐ and height‐specific centile curves and tables were created for LV strain and strain rate. For all other global strain parameters, the mean was calculated as a reference.Statistical TestsLambda‐mu‐sigma (LMS)‐method of Cole and Green, univariable, and multivariable linear regression models. A P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsAge, height and weight had a significant influence on LV global strain values. These parameters also showed an influence on RV strain but only in boys (girls P = 0.12) and none of the variables had a significant influence on atrial strain (P = 0.19–0.49). Gender differences were only found for RV strain values.Data ConclusionPediatric potential reference values for myocardial deformation parameters of both ventricles and atria are provided. The values may serve as a reference in future studies and clinical practice.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 5
Highly adaptive Phenuiviridae with biomedical importance in multiple fields
Authors: Sun Ming‐Hui , Ji Yu‐Fei , Li Guo‐Hui , Shao Jian‐Wei , Chen Rui‐Xu , Gong Huan‐Yu , Chen Shou‐Yi , Chen Ji‐Ming 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe newly established virus family Phenuiviridae in Bunyavirales harbors viruses infecting three kingdoms of host organisms (animals, plants, and fungi), which is rare in known virus families. Many phenuiviruses are arboviruses and replicate in two distinct hosts (e.g., insects and humans or rice). Multiple phenuivirid species, such as Dabie bandavirus, Rift Valley fever phlebovirus, and Rice stripe tenuivirus, are highly pathogenic to humans, animals, or plants. They impose heavy global burdens on human health, livestock industry, and agriculture and are research hotspots. In recent years the taxonomy of Phenuiviridae has been expanded greatly, and research on phenuiviruses has made significant progress. With these advances, this review drew a novel panorama regarding the biomedical significance, distribution, morphology, genomics, taxonomy, evolution, replication, transmission, pathogenesis, and control of phenuiviruses, to aid researchers in various fields to recognize this highly adaptive and important virus family and conduct relevant risk analysis.
Variable structure model predictive controller based gain scheduling for frequency regulation in renewable based power system
Authors: Sibtain Daud , Gulzar Muhammad Majid , Murtaza Ali F. , Murawwat Sadia , Iqbal Muhammad , Rasool Imran , Hayat Aamir , Arif Arslan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a load frequency control (LFC) design using the variable structure model predictive controller (VSMPC) for gain scheduling (GS) of PI controller in PV connected thermal for multi‐area system. Due to the increasing impact of renewable energy sources into the grid system, the system frequency deteriorates. The proposed PV connected thermal system is evaluated under varying load conditions under increased penetration of the PV source. The combination of renewable energy into the thermal power system aggravates the frequency and it is indispensable to mitigate such a problem by introducing an optimal controller. Perturbation in load greatly affects the system frequency and this problem is addressed by using VSMPC based gain scheduling knowing the effect of proportional and integral in transient and steady‐state conditions. The oscillations in frequency are controlled by a proposed controller and the impact of frequency under penetration of PV is monitored. Further verification of the proposed technique is accomplished through communication delay in the governor and turbine. The Hardware in the loop (HIL) which validates the accuracy and real time performance of the controller. Finally, the validation of the proposed controller is compared with MPC to tune PI controller and renowned evolutionary tuned techniques like particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA) and firefly algorithm (FA) to optimize PI controller. The VSMPC with GS of PI controller shows promising results.
PPAR‐γ agonist pioglitazone alleviates inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharides in osteoblast cells
Authors: Yu Hua‐jun , Wang Lai‐jie , Huang Kai , Guo Qiao‐feng , Lin Bing‐yuan , Liu Yi‐yang , Yu Ming , Ma Gou‐ping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOsteomyelitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory bone disease with a high disability rate. As an anti‐inflammatory factor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ) is not only implicated in a variety of inflammatory responses but also regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone mass. However, the role of PPAR‐γ in osteomyelitis is not fully understood. In the present study, we demonstrated that PPAR‐γ showed a lower expression level in infected bone tissue of osteomyelitis patients as compared with uninfected bone tissue from nonosteomyelitis patients with fracture of the hip. We applied lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast precursor cell line as an in vitro model for osteomyelitis. LPS treatment increased osteomyelitis‐associated inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), whereas PPAR‐γ levels and cell viability in MC3T3‐E1 cells were suppressed. PPAR‐γ antagonist GW9662 further enhanced IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels, and decreased cell viability in the presence of LPS treatment. In contrast, PPAR‐γ agonist pioglitazone antagonized the effect of LPS treatment in MC3T3‐E1 cells. These findings suggest that PPAR‐γ downregulation is associated with the inflammation and progression of osteomyelitis, and PPAR‐γ agonist could serve as a therapeutic strategy to attenuate inflammatory responses. This study provides novel insights into the physiopathogenesis of osteomyelitis and future study is required to validate the findings in animal model and uncover the molecular mechanism of PPAR‐γ‐dependent anti‐inflammation in osteoblasts.
Nerve decompression surgery suppresses TNF‐ɑ expression and T cell infiltration in a rat sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury model
Authors: Mukai Michiaki , Uchida Kentaro , Inoue Gen , Satoh Masashi , Miyagi Masayuki , Yokozeki Yuji , Hirosawa Naoya , Matsuura Yusuke , Ohtori Seiji , Takaso Masashi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDecompression surgery (DS) is a standard treatment for chronic nerve compression injuries; however, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of DS on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and T cell recruitment in a rat sciatic nerve (SN) chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. Male Wistar rats were subjected to CCI to establish a model of SN injury (CCI group). DS, in which all ligatures were removed, was performed 3 days after CCI surgery (CCI + dec group). Mechanical sensitivity was assessed using the von Frey test 3, 7, and 14 days after the CCI surgery. Gene expression of Tnfa, Cd3, Cxcl10, and immunolocalization of TNF‐α and the pan T cell marker, CD3, was evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In addition, the effects of TNF‐α on Cxcl10 expression and CXCL10 protein production were evaluated using qPCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in SN cell culture. Rats that received DS had significantly higher withdrawal threshold levels than those in the CCI group. In addition, Tnfa, Cd3, and Cxcl10 mRNA expression increased following CCI. DS suppressed this elevated expression, with the CCI + dec group showing significantly reduced expression levels compared to the CCI group. Furthermore, TNF‐α induced Cxcl10 expression and CXCL10 protein production in SN cell culture. Therefore, DS reduced TNF‐α expression and T cell recruitment in the rat SN CCI model. These observations may partly explain the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of DS.