bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why national development experts are not included in development policy‐making and practice: The case of Ghana
Authors: Kamruzzaman Palash , Kumi Emmanuel 
Published: June 2022

SummaryMotivationThis article contributes to the debate around understanding whether and how the identity of aid workers (e.g. nationality, race, etc.) can contribute to inequality within various aid relationships. As “decolonizing development” is often employed either as a slogan or genuine goal, it is imperative that the politics of exclusion among/within development experts is critically scrutinized.PurposeThis article explores the processes of and the motivations behind how national development experts (NDEs) are frequently excluded in development policy‐making and practice in Ghana.Methods and approachThis article relies on qualitative research methods and draws from semi‐structured interviews conducted in two phases in 2017 and 2018 in Ghana. We focus on the narratives of the NDEs in Ghana who are perceived to be well placed to elucidate different mechanics of exclusionary processes and practice.FindingsInternational development experts (IDEs) are able to set agendas and exercise development decision‐making power as their governments or organizations provide funding for many development projects. This allows IDEs to influence development policies and practices in a way that eventually excludes the NDEs from development policy‐making in Ghana. We also reveal internal competition and power relations between NDEs and local actors (i.e. bureaucrats and politicians) can also exclude the NDEs from development policy‐making processes, a feature that is non‐existent in current scholarship.Policy implicationsThe exclusion of NDEs from national development decision‐making processes undermines efforts to promote national ownership. It is important to adopt a holistic approach that does not just focus on one particular aspect (e.g. power inequality among different actors) of exclusionary practice in international development but also looks into local political‐cultural settings as well as possible internal competition for resources.
Cardiac morbidity and mortality associated with the use of lamotrigine
Authors: Christensen Jakob , Trabjerg Betina B. , Dreier Julie Werenberg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe US Food and Drug Administration recently issued a warning against the use of the antiseizure medication lamotrigine in people at risk of cardiac rhythm and conduction abnormalities. This study assessed the risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality in new users of lamotrigine.MethodsIn a Danish population‐based cohort study, we followed cohort members aged ≥15 years for the first 2 years after they initiated lamotrigine therapy. The main outcomes were cardiac conduction disorders in people without pre‐existing cardiac morbidity and all‐cause mortality in people with pre‐existing cardiac morbidity. Cox proportional hazards models provided hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for comparison of the risk in current versus past users of lamotrigine.ResultsThere were 91 949 (36 618 males [39.8%]) new users of lamotrigine (median age = 45.7 years, interquartile range = 32.0–60.2 years). Among users without pre‐existing cardiac disease (n = 86 769), 194 (.23%) developed a cardiac conduction disorder. Comparison of the risk in current and past lamotrigine treatment periods yielded an adjusted HR of new onset cardiac conduction disorder of 1.03 (95% CI = .76–1.40). Among users with pre‐existing cardiac disease (n = 5180), 1150 (22.2%) died. Comparison of the risk in current and past lamotrigine treatment periods yielded an adjusted HR for all cause‐mortality of 1.05 (95% CI = .93–1.19).SignificanceIn this large population‐based study, lamotrigine use was associated neither with a risk of cardiac conduction disorders in people without pre‐existing cardiac morbidity nor with all‐cause mortality in people with pre‐existing cardiac morbidity.
Which hidradenitis suppurativa comorbidities should I take into account?
Authors: Tzellos Thrasyvoulos , Zouboulis Christos C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent skin inflammatory disease associated with a variety of comorbidities, like metabolic syndrome, reduced quality of life, sexual dysfunction, working disability, inflammatory bowel disease, axial spondyloarthritis, depression and anxiety. Like psoriasis, HS patients have been found to have higher risk of cardiovascular death and suicide risk. Evidence suggests that for such a chronic, multi‐comorbid disease, the use of validated outcomes to assess severity and effect of treatment, along with the use of clinically important patient reported outcomes, is essential. Clinicians should be informed about these comorbidities so that appropriate screening is implemented. The potential of available treatments to negatively and positively affect these comorbidities should also be taken into account when designing treatment strategies. This article aims to provide an outline of important HS comorbidities with emphasis on possible implications for daily clinical practice.
A three‐factor ethical reasoning model for court‐involved practitioners: Services, roles, and values
Authors: Wittmann Jeffrey P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCourt‐involved mental health professionals (CIMHPs) practice in a context fraught with ethical challenges and complexity. Prior commentators have offered perspectives on the factors that should be considered as these ethical issues are navigated, yet no structured system for organizing the process of ethical analysis has been offered to date in this area of practice. The three‐factor ethical reasoning model described below suggests the following basic process: (a) the operational definition of the service (s) requested; (b) a precise definition of the professional role that will be assumed for each separate service; and (c) an analysis of the ethical issues within a case by referencing promulgated statutes, regulations, codes, and guidelines, as well as foundational values.
Grazing and global change factors differentially affect biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning relationships in grassland ecosystems
Authors: He Miao , Pan Yuhan , Zhou Guiyao , Barry Kathryn E. , Fu Yuling , Zhou Xuhui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractGrazing and global change (e.g., warming, nitrogen deposition, and altered precipitation) both contribute to biodiversity loss and alter ecosystem structure and functioning. However, how grazing and global change interactively influence plant diversity and ecosystem productivity, and their relationship remains unclear at the global scale. Here, we synthesized 73 field studies to quantify the individual and/or interactive effects of grazing and global change factors on biodiversity‐productivity relationship in grasslands. Our results showed that grazing significantly reduced plant richness by 3.7% and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) by 29.1%, but increased belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) by 9.3%. Global change factors, however, decreased richness by 8.0% but increased ANPP and BNPP by 13.4% and 14.9%, respectively. Interestingly, the strength of the change in biodiversity in response to grazing was positively correlated with the strength of the change in BNPP. Yet, global change flipped these relationships from positive to negative even when combined with grazing. These results indicate that the impacts of global change factors are more dominant than grazing on the belowground biodiversity‐productivity relationship, which is contrary to the pattern of aboveground one. Therefore, incorporating global change factors with herbivore grazing into Earth system models is necessary to accurately predict climate‐grassland carbon cycle feedbacks in the Anthropocene.
Projected climate change impact on a coastal sea—As significant as all current pressures combined
Authors: Wåhlström Iréne , Hammar Linus , Hume Duncan , Pålsson Jonas , Almroth‐Rosell Elin , Dieterich Christian , Arneborg Lars , Gröger Matthias , Mattsson Martin , Zillén Snowball Lovisa , Kågesten Gustav , Törnqvist Oscar , Breviere Emilie , Brunnabend Sandra‐Esther , Jonsson Per R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractClimate change influences the ocean's physical and biogeochemical conditions, causing additional pressures on marine environments and ecosystems, now and in the future. Such changes occur in environments that already today suffer under pressures from, for example, eutrophication, pollution, shipping, and more. We demonstrate how to implement climate change into regional marine spatial planning by introducing data of future temperature, salinity, and sea ice cover from regional ocean climate model projections to an existing cumulative impact model. This makes it possible to assess climate change impact in relation to pre‐existing cumulative impact from current human activities. Results indicate that end‐of‐century projected climate change alone is a threat of the same magnitude as the combination of all current pressures to the marine environment. These findings give marine planners and policymakers forewarning on how future climate change may impact marine ecosystems, across space, emission scenarios, and in relation to other pressures.
Spatially explicit risk mapping reveals direct anthropogenic impacts on migratory birds
Authors: Buchan Claire , Franco Aldina M. A. , Catry Inês , Gamero Anna , Klvaňová Alena , Gilroy James J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimMigratory species rely on multiple ranges across the annual cycle, rendering them vulnerable to a wide range of spatially disparate anthropogenic threats. The spatial distribution of these threats will strongly influence the magnitude of their population‐scale effects, but this has not been quantitatively assessed for most species.LocationEurope, Central Asia, Western Asia, Africa.Time periodModern.Major taxa studiedAves.MethodsWe combined remote‐sensed data and expert opinion to map 16 anthropogenic threats relevant to migratory birds across Europe, Africa and the Middle East – including the first spatially‐explicit pan‐continental assessment of relative hunting pressure. By combining the resulting composite threat maps with species range polygons and morpho‐behavioural traits‐based weightings (reflecting relative threat susceptibility), we created species‐specific risk maps for 103 Afro‐Palaearctic migratory birds breeding in Europe and evaluated how spatial threat vulnerability relates to long‐term population trends.ResultsWe found that greater vulnerability to direct mortality threats (including hunting pressure, infrastructure and nocturnal lights), especially in the non‐breeding season, is associated with declining bird population trends.Main conclusionsOur results emphasize the importance of spatially explicit approaches to quantifying anthropogenic drivers of population declines. Composite risk maps represent a valuable resource for spatial analyses of anthropogenic threats to migratory birds, allowing for targeted conservation actions.
Neoliberal feminism in old age: Femininity, work, and retirement in the aftermath of the Great Recession
Authors: Fegitz Ella 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article employs a Foucauldian discourse analysis of UK social policy on work and retirement from the austerity measures of 2010 to 2019, to explore the emergence of older femininity as a key site to articulate and justify a neoliberal governmentality in old age, in the aftermath of the Great Recession. Feminist Cultural Studies' scholarship has remarked and critiqued the centrality of work in contemporary cultural discourses of female emancipation and empowerment, highlighting how the celebration of female workplace success has been employed to sustain the social, cultural, and economic project of neoliberalism. However, this academic field has focused predominantly on young women and women up to childbearing age, failing to account for the way older femininity is being increasingly included in neoliberal discourses through the encouragement to work in old age. Through the dialogic relationship between ‘entrepreneurialism’ and―what I call―‘gendered anti‐welfarism’ in old age, the UK social policy draws on a feminist vocabulary to offer ‘the older entrepreneurial woman’ as its ideal subject, characterized by capacity and willingness to work, personal and job‐market flexibility, responsibilization and individualization of risk, and―but only for the more privileged few―choice. Ultimately, the article illustrates how contemporary cultural discourses that place work as central to female empowerment and emancipation are not limited to younger women, but extend to older femininity through the normalization of the figure of the older entrepreneurial woman, with the articulation of a ‘neoliberal feminism in old age’.
MicroRNA‐23a‐3p promotes macrophage M1 polarization and aggravates lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury by regulating PLK1/STAT1/STAT3 signalling
Authors: Jiang Tao , Sun Li , Zhu Jun , Li Ning , Gu Haibo , Zhang Ying , Li Miaomiao , Xu Jiayao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMacrophage polarization is an important effector process in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important players in regulating ALI process. Here, we showed that elevated microRNA‐23a‐3p (miR‐23a‐3p) promoted LPS‐induced macrophage polarization and ALI in mice, while inhibition of miR‐23a‐3p led to reduced macrophage response and ameliorated ALI inflammation. Mechanically, miR‐23a‐3p regulated macrophage M1 polarization through targeting polo‐like kinase 1 (PLK1). PLK1 was downregulated in LPS‐treated macrophages and ALI mouse lung tissues. Knockdown of PLK1 increased macrophage M1 polarization through promoting STAT1/STAT3 activation, while overexpression of PLK1 reduced macrophage immune response. Collectively, our results reveal a key miRNA regulon that regulates macrophage polarization for LPS‐induced immune response.
Fat type and baking conditions for cookies recipe: a sensomic approach
Authors: Merlino Maria , Arena Elena , Cincotta Fabrizio , Condurso Concetta , Brighina Selina , Grasso Antonia , Fallico Biagio , Verzera Antonella 
Published: June 2022

SummaryFat replacement is a particular challenge for food technologists as it determines changes in the rheological properties, which could be translated into a reduction of the consumer's acceptability. In this context, a sensomic approach has been applied to cookies obtained by using different fats and baking conditions for orienting product development towards end‐consumers’ expectations. The approach included instrumental analyses, gas‐chromatography‐mass‐spectrometry, high‐performance‐liquid‐chromatography, qualitative‐descriptive‐analysis, consumer's acceptability test and Multivariate data analysis. Preference map was applied by combining the analytical with the hedonic sensory data. Cookies made of different fats were characterised by a typical sensory profile which was influenced by the baking conditions; the amount of the aroma volatile and dicarbonyl compounds also distinguished the different cookies samples. The approach allowed to verify the sensory interactions among the different studied chemical compounds and how these influence sensory properties and the main sensory features on which consumers focus their preferences.
Superfine grinding improves the physicochemical, sensory and functional characteristics of Hanfu apple pomace
Authors: Yan Tingcai , Liu Ran , Shi Lin , Wang Yanqun , Meng Xianjun , Shen Yixiao 
Published: June 2022

SummaryApple pomace (APP) is the main by‐product in apple processing industry with abundant functional components. To improve the APP economic value, superfine grinding (SG) was used as an effective processing method. The result showed that SG provided great uniformity and particle size of APP. Also, with SG treatment, the water‐holding capacity and oil‐holding capacity increased from 7.50 to 8.13 g g−1 and from 2.07 to 3.81 g g−1, respectively. Furthermore, SG enhanced the sensory properties by increasing the brightness, yellowness and sweetness and decreasing the sourness and bitterness of APP. For functional properties, SG increased total phenols content, total flavonoids content and the soluble dietary fibre from 5.83 to 8.86 mg g−1, from 4.39 to 6.43 mg g−1 and from 8.50% to 14.51%, respectively. Therefore, SG improved the physicochemical, sensory and functional characteristics of APP powder. The results would provide important information for applying SG techniques in processing APP or other fruit by‐products for future commercial market purposes.
Coexistence of obesity and hunger in young adolescents: Evidence from the Global School‐based Student Health Survey
Authors: Liu Huaqing , Fu Peipei , Zhang Min , Zhou Chengchao 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundHunger and obesity among young adolescents are serious public health issues; however, the relationship between these issues in this demographic has yet to be examined.ObjectiveTo determine whether both obesity and hunger coexist in young adolescents from a global perspective.MethodsWe analysed data of 142 565 adolescents (age, 12–15 years) from 60 countries from the Global School‐based Student Health Survey.ResultsTotal prevalence of moderate and severe hunger was 22.32% and 7.8%, respectively—with the highest in Africa (29.14% and 12.14%, respectively) and the lowest in the Americas (16.83% and 5.31%, respectively). The prevalence of obesity among adolescents with severe hunger was 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.38) times the prevalence among those without hunger; however, this association varied across countries or regions. Moreover, the prevalence of obesity was 17% (95% CI: 1.04–1.29) higher in adolescent girls with moderate hunger in high‐income countries, 91% (95% CI: 1.23–2.58) higher in adolescents with severe hunger in low‐income countries and 54% (95% CI: 1.34–1.76) higher in lower middle–income countries compared to those without hunger.ConclusionsBoth obesity and hunger coexist in adolescent populations worldwide. Our findings emphasize the need for double‐duty actions to simultaneously address burdens of hunger and obesity among adolescents.
Cord blood leptin level and a common variant of its receptor as determinants of the BMI trajectory: The EDEN mother–child cohort
Authors: Cissé Aminata H. , Taine Marion , Tafflet Muriel , de Lauzon‐Guillain Blandine , Clément Karine , Khalfallah Olfa , Davidovic Laetitia , Lioret Sandrine , Charles Marie A. , Heude Barbara 
Published: June 2022

SummaryBackgroundCord blood leptin is an indicator of neonatal fat mass and could shape postnatal adiposity trajectories. Investigating genetic polymorphisms of the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) could help understand the mechanisms involved.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the association of cord blood leptin level and the LEPR rs9436303 polymorphism, with body mass index (BMI) at adiposity peak (AP) and age at adiposity rebound (AR).MethodsIn the EDEN cohort, BMI at AP and age at AR were estimated with polynomial mixed models, for 1713 and 1415 children, respectively. Multivariable linear regression models allowed for examining the associations of cord blood leptin level and LEPR rs9436303 genotype with BMI at AP and age at AR adjusted for potential confounders including birth size groups. We also tested interactions between cord blood leptin level and rs9436303 genotype.ResultsIncreased leptin level was associated with reduced BMI at AP and early age at AR (comparing the highest quintile of leptin level to the others). Rs9436303 G‐allele carriage was associated with increased BMI at AP and later age at AR but did not modulate the association with leptin level.ConclusionThese results illustrate the role of early life body composition and the intrauterine environment in the programming of adiposity in childhood.
Anti-inflammatory effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 on DSS-induced colitis in mice
Authors: Wang Hui , Fan Chengfei , Zhao Zhaoer , Zhai Zhengyuan , Hao Yanling 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice.

Methods and Results
Mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 per group). Each group was administered with PBS (Control and DSS group) or B. lactis A6 with a dosage of ~4.0 × 109 CFU day−1 (DSS + A6 group) for 21 consecutive days. The DSS and DSS + A6 group mice were ad libitum drinking 2.5% DSS water during day 15–21, while the Control group mice were given normal water. The administration of B. lactis A6 significantly inhibited DSS-induced bodyweight loss and colon shortening (p &lt; 0.001), but showed no significant influence on the spleen enlargement (p &gt; 0.05). The intestinal barrier integrity was improved by reducing colonic damage, recovering mucus layer loss and enhancing tight junction expression including ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1. In addition, B. lactis A6 attenuated the oxidative stress by decreasing MDA and increasing SOD and GSH levels in colon tissues. Moreover, B. lactis A6 suppressed DSS-induced inflammatory responses via downregulating TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels and upregulating IL-10 level in colon tissues.

Conclusion
B. lactis A6 effectively alleviated DSS-induced colitis by maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammatory responses.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study suggests that B. lactis A6 could act as a candidate probiotic for UC treatment.
Enculturating, embedding and investing in fundamental care in an academic health science centre
Authors: Merkley Jane , Ronald Kara , Amaral Nely , Yang Lily , Ginty Leanne , Jeffs Lianne 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThis manuscript aims to provide a discursive description of how one academic health care centre is enculturating, embedding and investing in the fundamental care framework and lessons learned that can serve as a blueprint for other organizations.BackgroundA call to action to focus on fundamental care is not new as the initial Fundamentals of Care (FoC) Framework has been evolving over the last decade through efforts lead by the International Learning Collaborative (ILC). Now more than ever, there is a pressing need for leaders to influence a humane, compassionate evidence‐informed approach to the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond by embedding an FoC framework and focusing on fundamental care as part of their academic mandate and daily care practices.DesignThis discursive paper delineates an evolving and ongoing enculturation, embeddedness and investment in advancing fundamental care as part of a larger academic practice strategy and quality improvement plan that is evidence‐informed and collaborative in nature.MethodThe action framework (value, talk, do, own and research fundamental care) developed by ILC guides efforts to how the FoC framework was embedded into one academic health science centre's strategic directions, academic practice strategy, professional practice model, quality plan and research and innovation platform.ConclusionAn overview of how we leveraged the FoC and ILC Leadership frameworks in our efforts to enculturate, embed and invest in advancing fundamental care and lessons learned that may inform other healthcare organizations in their efforts.Impact on nursing science, practice or disciplinary knowledgeUnderpinning all of our efforts is the integral value we place on fundamental care to guide how we practice, educate and learn, discover and innovate and lead at x. We shared how we value, talk, do, own and research fundamental care by having it embedded into our strategic directions, academic practice strategy, professional practice model, quality aims and research and innovation platform.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.