bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulating the film morphology evolution toward green solvent‐processed perovskite solar cells
Authors: Shan Shiqi , Li Yaokai , Wu Haotian , Chen Tianyi , Niu Benfang , Zhang Yingzhu , Wang Di , Kan Chenxia , Yu Xuegong , Zuo Lijian , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) with low energy consumption and green processing are highly desired, but constrained by the difficulty in morphology control and the poor understanding on morphology evolution mechanisms. To address this issue, here we studied the effect of antisolvents on the perovskite film formation. We found that both the antisolvents and the perovskite composition affect the perovskite film morphology greatly via influencing the intermediate phase, and different perovskite compositions require different antisolvents to reach the optimal morphology. This provides the opportunity to achieve high‐performance PVSCs with green antisolvent, that is, isopropanol (iPA) by changing the perovskite compositions, and leads to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.50% for PVSCs based on MA0.6FA0.4PbI3. Further, we fabricated “fully green” PVSCs with all layers prepared by green solvents, and the optimal PCE can reach 19%, which represents the highest among PVSCs with full‐green processing. This work provides insight into the perovskite morphology evolution and paves the way toward “green” processing PVSCs.
Investigating cognition in midlife
Authors: Novotný Jan S. , Gonzalez‐Rivas Juan P. , Medina‐Inojosa Jose R. , Lopez‐Jimenez Francisco , Geda Yonas E. , Stokin Gorazd B. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe here posit that measurements of midlife cognition can be instructive in understanding cognitive disorders. Even though molecular events signal possible onset of cognitive disorders decades prior to their clinical diagnoses, cognition and its possible early changes in midlife remain poorly understood. We characterize midlife cognition in a cognitively healthy population‐based sample using the Cogstate Brief Battery and test for associations with cardiovascular, adiposity‐related, lifestyle‐associated, and psychosocial variables. Learning and working memory showed significant variability and vulnerability to psychosocial influences in midlife. Furthermore, midlife aging significantly and progressively increased prevalence of suboptimal cognitive performance. Our findings suggest that physiological changes in cognition, measured with simple tests suitable for use in everyday clinical setting, may signal already in midlife the first clinical manifestations of the presymptomatic biologically defined cognitive disorders. This pilot study calls for longitudinal studies investigating midlife cognition to identify clinical correlates of biologically defined cognitive disorders.
Novel method for sub‐grouping of genotype II African swine fever viruses based on the intergenic region between the A179L and A137R genes
Authors: Tran Ha Thi Thanh , Truong Anh Duc , Dang Anh Kieu , Ly Duc Viet , Chu Nhu Thi , Van Hoang Tuan , Nguyen Huyen Thi , Netherton Christopher L , Dang Hoang Vu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and deadly viral disease affecting domestic and wild pigs of all ages. African swine fever virus (ASFV) has spread rapidly through Eastern and Southeastern Asia first appearing in Vietnam in 2019.ObjectivesMolecular typing of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in Vietnam has identified two principal variants circulating based on the sequencing of the intergenic region (IRG) between the I73R and I329L genes. Identification of additional genetic markers would enable higher resolution tracing of outbreaks within the country.MethodsSequence analysis suggested the IRG between the A179L and A137R genes may also exhibit variability, PCR primers were designed and samples from Vietnam were subject to Sanger sequencing.ResultsWe developed a novel method for sub‐grouping of ASFV based on the IRG between the A179L and A137R genes of ASFV. Our results demonstrated that the finding of the insertion or deletion of an 11‐ nucleotide sequence (GATACAATTGT) between the A179L‐A137R genes.ConclusionsThe sub‐grouping method may provide useful insights into the evolution of genotype II ASFV as well as providing evidence of a relationship between geographically separated outbreaks.
The Limits of Management by Objectives
Authors: Cardona Pablo , Rey Carlos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMany companies today experience a critical strategic contradiction. Their corporate purpose and values have evolved into what could be described as a humanistic vision while, at the same time, their management systems, mostly built around management by objectives (MBO), are designed to maximize shareholder value. Everything—customer service, talent development, even their philanthropy—is a means to increase profit. The problem is not about the objectives themselves, but rather their widespread misuse through the MBO system. Judging by the results of four decades of research, MBO has not been able to bring employees’ full potential into play. In this chapter, we analyze the limits of management by objectives and their consequences at organizational and personal levels.
The Values of a Balanced Culture
Authors: Cardona Pablo , Rey Carlos 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOrganizational values, as the criteria that guide decision-making, play a central role in the implementation of management by missions (MBM). Most social organizations today develop a set of values. These sets of values are normally treated as fixed and even as untouchable. However, over time, some values change and evolve both in the organizational environment and within the organizations themselves. Some values may fall into the background, while others should come to the forefront. As a result, leaders need to adapt to these changes and create corporate cultures that best align with their corporate purpose over time. In this chapter, we propose a framework to help organizations create balanced sets of values in four categories: business, relational, development and contribution values.
Zur Bedeutung von Sprache im Fachunterricht
Authors: Wey Santina 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungNachfolgend werden basierend auf einer begrifflichen Abgrenzung von Alltags-, Bildungs- und Fachsprache die verschiedenen Rollen von Sprache im Geographieunterricht diskutiert. Dieses Kapitel soll offenlegen, warum sprachsensibler Geographieunterricht eine sinnvolle und notwendige Ausrichtung des Geographieunterrichts ist. Mit diesem Wissen werden anschließend verschiedene Studien zum Zusammenhang von Sprache und Fachkompetenz sowie relevante Interventionsstudien aus weiteren Fächern vorgestellt.
Forschungsfrage und -hypothesen
Authors: Wey Santina 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungNachfolgend werden die Forschungsfragen und -hypothesen aus den bisherigen Ausführungen abgeleitet und im weiteren Verlauf empirisch geprüft. Die theoretischen und empirischen Forschungserkenntnisse aus den relevanten Bezugsdisziplinen deuten darauf hin, dass Fachsprache im Geographieunterricht wichtiger Lerngegenstand sowie als Lernmedium wichtiger Schlüssel zum fachlichen Verständnis ist. Sprachsensibler Geographieunterricht macht Sprache daher explizit zum Lernziel und will so den fachlichen Lernerfolg verbessern.
Zusammenfassung
Authors: Wey Santina 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIn der Einleitung wurde bereits deutlich, dass die Problemlösung durchgängiger Sprachbildung keine isolierte Aufgabe ist, sondern eine übergeordnete gesellschaftspolitische Herausforderung schulischer Bildung. Für diese Unternehmung braucht es nicht nur den Geographieunterricht oder Deutschförderung, sondern multiperspektivische Professionalität. Und vor diesem Hintergrund kann die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit nur ein Teil der Lösung dieser Aufgabe sein.
Notes on massless scalar field partition functions, modular invariance and Eisenstein series
Authors: Alessio Francesco , Barnich Glenn , Bonte Martin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The partition function of a massless scalar field on a Euclidean spacetime manifold ℝd−1 × 𝕋2 and with momentum operator in the compact spatial dimension coupled through a purely imaginary chemical potential is computed. It is modular covariant and admits a simple expression in terms of a real analytic SL(2, ℤ) Eisenstein series with s = (d + 1)/2. Different techniques for computing the partition function illustrate complementary aspects of the Eisenstein series: the functional approach gives its series representation, the operator approach yields its Fourier series, while the proper time/heat kernel/world-line approach shows that it is the Mellin transform of a Riemann theta function. High/low temperature duality is generalized to the case of a non-vanishing chemical potential. By clarifying the dependence of the partition function on the geometry of the torus, we discuss how modular covariance is a consequence of full SL(2, ℤ) invariance. When the spacetime manifold is ℝp × 𝕋q+1, the partition function is given in terms of a SL(q + 1, ℤ) Eisenstein series again with s = (d + 1)/2. In this case, we obtain the high/low temperature duality through a suitably adapted dual parametrization of the lattice defining the torus. On 𝕋d+1, the computation is more subtle. An additional divergence leads to an harmonic anomaly.
Inhomogeneous Conformal Field Theory Out of Equilibrium
Authors: Moosavi Per 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study the non-equilibrium dynamics of conformal field theory (CFT) in 1+1 dimensions with a smooth position-dependent velocity v(x) explicitly breaking translation invariance. Such inhomogeneous CFT is argued to effectively describe 1+1-dimensional quantum many-body systems with certain inhomogeneities varying on mesoscopic scales. Both heat and charge transport are studied, where, for concreteness, we suppose that our CFT has a conserved U(1) current. Based on projective unitary representations of diffeomorphisms and smooth maps in Minkowskian CFT, we obtain a recipe for computing the exact non-equilibrium dynamics in inhomogeneous CFT when evolving from initial states defined by smooth inverse-temperature and chemical-potential profiles $$\beta (x)$$

β
(
x
)

and $$\mu (x)$$

μ
(
x
)

. Using this recipe, the following exact analytical results are obtained: (i) the full time evolution of densities and currents for heat and charge transport, (ii) correlation functions for components of the energy–momentum tensor and the U(1) current as well as for any primary field, and (iii) the thermal and electrical conductivities. The latter are computed by direct dynamical considerations and alternatively using a Green–Kubo formula. Both give the same explicit expressions for the conductivities, which reveal how inhomogeneous dynamics opens up the possibility for diffusion as well as implies a generalization of the Wiedemann–Franz law to finite times within CFT.
Selected aspects of a cold forging process for hollow balls
Authors: Samołyk Grzegorz , Winiarski Grzegorz 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study investigating a cold forging process for producing hollow balls with different wall thicknesses. The study was performed by FEM numerical modelling, which made it possible to obtain a wide spectrum of results. For the analysis of FEM results obtained for problematic cases (shape defects in forged balls), novel hypotheses for results interpretation are proposed. The FEM numerical model and hypotheses are then verified via experimental testing, and selected theoretical results are compared with experimental findings. Finally, obtained results are discussed (e.g. the effect of billet dimensions on forging conditions, wall thickness and hole size), a method for FEM results interpretation is presented, and design-related solutions ensuring the production of defect-free hollow balls are proposed.
Archaeal and Bacterial Diversity and Distribution Patterns in Mediterranean-Climate Vernal Pools of Mexico and the Western USA
Authors: Montiel-Molina Jorge A. Mandussí , Sexton Jason P. , Frank A. Carolin , Beman J. Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiogeographic patterns in microorganisms are poorly understood, despite the importance of microbial communities for a range of ecosystem processes. Our knowledge of microbial ecology and biogeography is particularly deficient in rare and threatened ecosystems. We tested for three ecological patterns in microbial community composition within ephemeral wetlands—vernal pools—located across Baja California (Mexico) and California (USA): (1) habitat filtering; (2) a latitudinal diversity gradient; and (3) distance decay in community composition. Paired water and soil samples were collected along a latitudinal transect of vernal pools, and bacterial and archaeal communities were characterized using 16S rDNA sequencing. We identified two main microbial communities, with one community present in the soil matrix that included archaeal and bacterial soil taxa, and another community present in the overlying water that was dominated by common freshwater bacterial taxa. Aquatic microbial communities were more diverse in the north, and displayed a significant but inverted latitudinal diversity pattern. Aquatic communities also exhibited a significant distance-decay pattern, with geographic proximity, and precipitation explaining part of the community variation. Collectively these results indicate greater sensitivity to spatial and environmental variation in vernal pool aquatic microbial communities than in soil microbial communities. We conclude that vernal pool aquatic microbial communities can display distribution patterns similar to those exhibited by larger organisms, but differ in some key aspects, such as the latitudinal gradient in diversity.
Non-disease specific patient-reported outcome measures of health-related quality of life in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review of current research and practice
Authors: Młyńczyk Justyna , Abramowicz Paweł , Stawicki Maciej K. , Konstantynowicz Jerzy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), as a chronic condition, is associated with symptoms negatively impacting health-related quality of life (HRQL). Regarding growing interest in the implementation of the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), we aimed to review the non-disease specific PROMs addressing HRQL assessment, potentially useful in the clinical care of JIA and daily practice. A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Embase databases (1990 to 2021), with a focus on the recent 5-years period. Entry keywords included the terms: “children”, “adolescents”, “JIA”, “chronic diseases”, “HRQL”, “PROMs” and wordings for the specific tools. Several available PROMs intended to measure HRQL, non-specific to JIA, were identified. The presented outcomes differed in psychometric properties, yet all were feasible in assessing HRQL in healthy children and those with chronic diseases. Both EQ-5D-Y and PedsQL have already been tested in JIA, showing relevant reliability, validity, and similar efficiency as disease-specific measurements. For PROMIS® PGH-7 and PGH-7 + 2, such validation and cross-cultural adaptation need to be performed. Considering the future directions in pediatric rheumatology, the large-scale implementation of PROMIS® PGH-7 and PGH-7 + 2 in JIA offers a particularly valuable opportunity. The PROMs reflect the patient perception of the chronic disease and allow to understand child’s opinions. The PROMs may provide an important element of the holistic medical care of patients with JIA and a standardized tool for clinical outcomes, monitoring disease severity and response to treatment.
Fire now, fire later: alarm-based systems for prescriptive process monitoring
Authors: Fahrenkrog-Petersen Stephan A. , Tax Niek , Teinemaa Irene , Dumas Marlon , Leoni Massimiliano de , Maggi Fabrizio Maria , Weidlich Matthias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPredictive process monitoring is a family of techniques to analyze events produced during the execution of a business process in order to predict the future state or the final outcome of running process instances. Existing techniques in this field are able to predict, at each step of a process instance, the likelihood that it will lead to an undesired outcome. These techniques, however, focus on generating predictions and do not prescribe when and how process workers should intervene to decrease the cost of undesired outcomes. This paper proposes a framework for prescriptive process monitoring, which extends predictive monitoring with the ability to generate alarms that trigger interventions to prevent an undesired outcome or mitigate its effect. The framework incorporates a parameterized cost model to assess the cost–benefit trade-off of generating alarms. We show how to optimize the generation of alarms given an event log of past process executions and a set of cost model parameters. The proposed approaches are empirically evaluated using a range of real-life event logs. The experimental results show that the net cost of undesired outcomes can be minimized by changing the threshold for generating alarms, as the process instance progresses. Moreover, introducing delays for triggering alarms, instead of triggering them as soon as the probability of an undesired outcome exceeds a threshold, leads to lower net costs.
A note on the complexity of the bilevel bottleneck assignment problem
Authors: Fischer Dennis , Muluk Komal , Woeginger Gerhard J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe establish the NP-completeness of the variant of the bilevel assignment problem, where the leader and the follower both have bottleneck objective functions and were the follower behaves according to the optimistic rule. This result settles a problem that has been left open by Klinz & Gassner [4OR 7:379–394, 2009].
Mitigating social-ecological risks from the surge in China’s overseas investment: an Indonesian profile
Authors: Pramono Albertus Hadi , Fuad Habiburrahman A. H. , Haryanto Budi , Indrawan Mochamad , Khasanah Nurlaely , Manessa Masita Dwi Mandini , Pratiwi Kartika , Sari Dwi Amalia , Siregar Rondang S. E. , Supriatna Jatna , Winarni Nurul L. , Gallagher Kevin P. , Ray Rebecca , Simmons B. Alexander 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRapid development has become a global priority as countries strive to meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Sustainable development is crucial for increasing human well-being in emerging economies while avoiding perverse outcomes on livelihoods, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) promises to help countries reach their national goals for economic growth, trade, and development, but there remain widespread concerns over how this boom in Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) will impact social-ecological systems. Here, we discuss the risks implicit in BRI-related FDI projects to ecosystems and local communities, and how these risks can be mitigated or exacerbated by national governance of BRI projects and national development policies. We frame our discussion around Indonesia, where convoluted governance of some of the largest Chinese FDI projects may reduce accountability, and a recent job creation law brings risks of rapid unsustainable development practices across this biodiversity hotspot.
Listening in on the Neighbors: The Reception of German and Austrian Radio in Cold War Czechoslovakia
Authors: Johnston Rosamund 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 1966, a Radio Free Europe (RFE) report estimated that seven in ten Czechs and Slovaks listened to Radio Vienna, making it the most popular foreign station in Czechoslovakia. Yet conventional narratives of Western radio in socialist central Europe highlight the role played by runner-up RFE. By focusing on the practice of listening to German-language radio in Czechoslovakia between 1945 and 1969, this article shows that cross-border, German-language listening mattered not only between the Germanies, but also in central Europe, where listening habits were shaped by the region's multilingual heritage. In addition to highlighting German's significance as a language of regional communication, the article reveals the importance of cross-border contacts and the significance of light entertainment in Cold War central Europe. Rather than separating listeners out by citizenship, foreign radio listening fostered solidarities that cut across national boundaries and divided people by generation, geography, class, and technical dexterity instead.
Numerical Simulation of Cool Hydrothermal Processes in the Upper Volcanic Crust Beneath a Marine Sediment Pond: North Pond, North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Price A. N. , Fisher A. T. , Stauffer P. H. , Gable C. W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractLow temperature hydrothermal systems hosted in the volcanic oceanic crust are responsible for ∼20% of Earth's global heat loss. Marine sediment ponds comprise an important type setting on young ridge flanks where hydrothermal circulation advectively extracts lithospheric heat, but the nature of coupled fluid‐heat transport in these settings remains poorly understood. Here we present coupled (fluid‐heat) numerical simulations of ocean crustal hydrogeology in and below North Pond, a sediment pond on ∼8 Ma seafloor of the North Atlantic Ocean. Two‐ and three‐dimensional simulations show that advective transport beneath North Pond is complex and time varying, with multiple spatial and temporal scales, consistent with seafloor and borehole observations. A unidirectional, single‐pass flow system is neither favored nor needed to match the spatial distribution of seafloor heat flux through North Pond sediments. When the permeability of the crustal aquifer is relatively high (10−10–10−9 m2), simulations can replicate much of the observed variability and suppression of seafloor heat flux and can explain basement overpressures and transient perturbations in pressure and temperature in the upper volcanic crust. Simulation results can also help explain heterogeneity in pore fluid chemistry and microbiology in the crust. Although driven by the same physical processes, the dynamics of hydrothermal circulation below North Pond are different from those seen on "discharge‐dominated" ridge flanks, where the permeability and exposed area of isolated basement outcrops control the extent of regional heat extraction.