bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidental diffuse low-grade gliomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment results with correction of lead-time and length-time biases
Authors: Nakasu Satoshi , Nakasu Yoko , Tsuji Atsushi , Fukami Tadateru , Nitta Naoki , Kawano Hiroto , Notsu Akifumi , Nozaki Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundBetter overall survival (OS) reported in patients with incidental diffuse low-grade glioma (iLGG) in comparison to symptomatic LGG (sLGG) may be overestimated by lead-time and length-time.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on adult hemispheric iLGGs according to the PRISMA statement to adjust for biases in their outcomes. Survival data were extracted from Kaplan–Meier curves. Lead-time was estimated by 2 methods: Pooled data of time to become symptomatic (LTs) and time calculated from the tumor growth model (LTg).ResultsWe selected articles from PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Scopus since 2000. Five compared OS between patients with iLGG (n = 287) and sLGG (n = 3117). The pooled hazard ratio (pHR) for OS of iLGG to sLGG was 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] {0.27–0.61}). The estimated mean LTs and LTg were 3.76 years (n = 50) and 4.16–6.12 years, respectively. The corrected pHRs were 0.64 (95% CI [0.51–0.81]) by LTs and 0.70 (95% CI [0.56–0.88]) by LTg. In patients with total removal, the advantage of OS in iLGG was lost after the correction of lead-time. Patients with iLGG were more likely to be female pooled odds ratio (pOR) 1.60 (95% CI [1.25–2.04]) and have oligodendrogliomas (pOR 1.59 [95% CI {1.05–2.39}]). Correction of the length-time bias, which increased the pHR by 0.01 to 0.03, preserved the statistically significant difference in OS.ConclusionsThe reported outcome in iLGG was biased by lead-time and length-time. Although iLGG had a longer OS after correction of biases, the difference was less than previously reported.
A trio of giant planets orbiting evolved star HD 184010
Authors: Teng Huan-Yu , Sato Bun’ei , Takarada Takuya , Omiya Masashi , Harakawa Hiroki , Nagasawa Makiko , Hasegawa Ryo , Izumiura Hideyuki , Kambe Eiji , Yoshida Michitoshi , Itoh Yoichi , Ando Hiroyasu , Kokubo Eiichiro , Ida Shigeru 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We report the discovery of a triple-giant-planet system around an evolved star HD 184010 (HR 7421, HIP 96016). This discovery is based on observations from Okayama Planet Search Program, a precise radial velocity survey, undertaken at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory between 2004 April and 2021 June. The star is K0 type and located at the beginning of the red giant branch. It has a mass of $1.35_{-0.21}^{+0.19}\, M_{\odot }$, a radius of $4.86_{-0.49}^{+0.55} R_{\odot }$, and a surface gravity log g of $3.18_{-0.07}^{+0.08}$. The planetary system is composed of three giant planets in a compact configuration: the planets have minimum masses of $M_{\rm {b}}\sin i = 0.31_{-0.04}^{+0.03}\, M_{\rm {J}}$, $M_{\rm {c}}\sin i = 0.30_{-0.05}^{+0.04}\, M_{\rm {J}}$, and $M_{\rm {d}}\sin i = 0.45_{-0.06}^{+0.04}\, M_{\rm {J}}$, and orbital periods of $P_{\rm {b}}=286.6_{-0.7}^{+2.4}\:$d, $P_{\rm {c}}=484.3_{-3.5}^{+5.5}\:$d, and $P_{\rm {d}}=836.4_{-8.4}^{+8.4}\:$d, respectively, which are derived from a triple Keplerian orbital fit to three sets of radial velocity data. The ratio of orbital periods are close to Pd : Pc : Pb ∼ 21 : 12 : 7, which means the period ratios between neighboring planets are both lower than 2 : 1. The dynamical stability analysis reveals that the planets should have near-circular orbits. The system could remain stable over 1 Gyr, initialized from co-planar orbits, low eccentricities (e = 0.05), and planet masses equal to the minimum mass derived from the best-fitting circular orbit fitting. Besides, the planets are not likely in mean motion resonance. The HD 184010 system is unique: it is the first system discovered to have a highly evolved star (log g &lt; 3.5 cgs) and more than two giant planets all with intermediate orbital periods (102 &lt; P &lt; 103 d).
A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of a Social Paediatrics Block Rotation for Paediatric Residents
Authors: Hunter A , Kay S , Parker K , Delahunty-Pike A , Wahi G 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Poverty and social injustice have a direct link to health outcomes and health care utilization, especially for children. Understanding the complexity of impact of social determinants on health is essential in providing effective, compassionate care to vulnerable populations. Currently, there is a paucity of literature on the impact of various models of advocacy curricula on pediatric residents and future involvement in advocacy. Social Pediatrics is an approach to child health that focuses on the child, in illness, and in health, within the context of their society, environment, school, and family.
OBJECTIVES: 1) To determine if a social pediatrics rotation greater enables residents to become involved in advocacy projects during their residency and interest for career. 2) To identify resident knowledge translation of the social determinants of health and their impact on the pediatric population. 3) To characterize the barriers and enablers, if any, for residents to engage in advocacy.
DESIGN/METHODS: The Social Pediatrics rotation was embedded in the second year of a postgraduate pediatric curriculum. Knowledge and attitudes of resident participants before and after the rotation was assessed with written tests and surveys. A qualitative descriptive study of community partners and resident perspectives was semi-structured interviews, thematic coding and analysis via an inductive-iterative approach.
RESULTS: 21 residents completed pre-and post- written knowledge tests, and 12 residents completed optional attitudinal surveys. Knowledge increased from 68% prior to rotation, to 80% (p &lt; 0.001) following the rotation. All residents completing written surveys indicated increased likelihood of participating in social pediatrics and advocacy in practice following this rotation. Results from 6 resident and 5 community partner interviews included: enhanced knowledge of social determinants of health, residency curricula development with further mental health placements, future practice models involving vulnerable populations, multi-disciplinary learning opportunities, and advocacy projects both at the patient and community level. Community partners shared experiences of residents demonstrating enthusiasm and engagement in placements, some logistical challenges but value in experiences outside hospital environment, particularly in learning from multidisciplinary team.
CONCLUSION: Pediatric residents demonstrate increase in knowledge of social determinants of health and an increased interest in community advocacy initiatives and vulnerable populations following a block rotation in Social Pediatrics. Community partners valued engagement with pediat-ric residents, identifying key learning opportunities in these unique environments and report few barriers to continued involvement. Future directions include impact on advocacy work or career decisions, and multi-centre collaboration.
Realizing Ubuntu in Global Health: An African Approach to Global Health Justice
Authors: Jecker Nancy S , Atuire Caesar A , Kenworthy Nora 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the question, ‘What do we owe each other as members of a global community during a global health crisis?’ In tandem, it has raised underlying concerns about how we should prepare for the next infectious disease outbreak and what we owe to people in other countries during normal times. While the prevailing bioethics literature addresses these questions drawing on values and concepts prominent in the global north, this paper articulates responses prominent in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper first introduces a figurative ‘global health village’ to orient readers to African traditional thought. Next, it considers ethical requirements for governing a global health village, drawing on the ethic of ubuntu to formulate African renderings of solidarity, relational justice and sufficiency. The final section of the paper uses these values to critique current approaches, including COVAX, the vaccines pillar of the Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) accelerator, and a proposed international Pandemic Treaty. It proposes a path forward that better realizes ubuntu in global health.
Sustained degradation of hyaluronic acid using an in situ forming implant
Authors: Hopkins Kelsey , Buno Kevin , Romick Natalie , Freitas dos Santos Antonio Carlos , Tinsley Samantha , Wakelin Elizabeth , Kennedy Jacqueline , Ladisch Michael , Allen-Petersen Brittany L , Solorio Luis 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In pancreatic cancer, excessive hyaluronic acid (HA) in the tumor microenvironment creates a viscous stroma, which reduces systemic drug transport into the tumor and correlates with poor patient prognosis. HA can be degraded through both enzymatic and nonenzymatic methods to improve mass transport properties. Here, we use an in situ forming implant to provide sustained degradation of HA directly at a local, targeted site. We formulated and characterized an implant capable of sustained release of hyaluronidase (HAase) using 15 kDa poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid and bovine testicular HAase. The implant releases bioactive HAase to degrade the HA through enzymatic hydrolysis at early timepoints. In the first 24 h, 17.9% of the HAase is released, which can reduce the viscosity of a 10 mg/mL HA solution by 94.1% and deplete the HA content within primary human pancreatic tumor samples and ex vivo murine tumors. At later timepoints, as lower quantities of HAase are released (51.4% released in total over 21 d), the degradation of HA is supplemented by the acidic by-products that accumulate as a result of implant degradation. Acidic conditions degrade HA through nonenzymatic methods. This formulation has potential as an intratumoral injection to allow sustained degradation of HA at the pancreatic tumor site.
A forgotten element of the blue economy: marine biomimetics and inspiration from the deep sea
Authors: Blasiak Robert , Jouffray Jean-Baptiste , Amon Diva J , Moberg Fredrik , Claudet Joachim , Søgaard Jørgensen Peter , Pranindita Agnes , Wabnitz Colette C C , Österblom Henrik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe morphology, physiology, and behavior of marine organisms have been a valuable source of inspiration for solving conceptual and design problems. Here, we introduce this rich and rapidly expanding field of marine biomimetics, and identify it as a poorly articulated and often overlooked element of the ocean economy associated with substantial monetary benefits. We showcase innovations across seven broad categories of marine biomimetic design (adhesion, antifouling, armor, buoyancy, movement, sensory, stealth), and use this framing as context for a closer consideration of the increasingly frequent focus on deep-sea life as an inspiration for biomimetic design. We contend that marine biomimetics is not only a “forgotten” sector of the ocean economy, but has the potential to drive appreciation of nonmonetary values, conservation, and stewardship, making it well-aligned with notions of a sustainable blue economy. We note, however, that the highest ambitions for a blue economy are that it not only drives sustainability, but also greater equity and inclusivity, and conclude by articulating challenges and considerations for bringing marine biomimetics onto this trajectory.
Energy Transitions and Household Finance: Evidence from U.S. Coal Mining
Authors: Du Ding , Karolyi Stephen A 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Between 2010 and 2020, the U.S. coal industry experienced a 50% drop in production, employment, and active mines, driven by regulatory factors and technological innovation in alternative energy sources. We study the impact of this energy transition on household employment, wages, migration, and home ownership in affected communities. Compared to non-coal-producing, resource-rich counties, coal-producing counties experience 6% and 4% drops in employment and wages, respectively, during this period. Economic mobility and access to banking services significantly moderate these real effects, suggesting a potential role for finance to shape the industrial and economic changes associated with climate transitions. (JEL G20, G50, J61, Q55, Q58)
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Amygdala and hippocampus dialogue with neocortex during human sleep and wakefulness
Authors: Muñoz-Torres Zeidy , Corsi-Cabrera María , Velasco Francisco , Velasco Ana Luisa 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Abstract
Previous studies have described synchronic electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns of the background activity that is characteristic of several vigilance states.

Study Objectives
To explore whether the background synchronous activity of the amygdala–hippocampal–neocortical circuit is modified during sleep in the delta, theta, alpha, sigma, beta, and gamma bands characteristic of each sleep state.

Methods
By simultaneously recording intracranial and noninvasive scalp EEG (10–20 system) in epileptic patients who were candidates for neurosurgery, we explored synchronous activity among the amygdala, hippocampus, and neocortex during wakefulness (W), Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM), and Rapid-Eye Movement (REM) sleep.

Results
Our findings reveal that hippocampal–cortical synchrony in the sleep spindle frequencies was spread across the cortex and was higher during NREM versus W and REM, whereas the amygdala showed punctual higher synchronization with the temporal lobe. Contrary to expectations, delta synchrony between the amygdala and frontal lobe and between the hippocampus and temporal lobe was higher during REM than NREM. Gamma and alpha showed higher synchrony between limbic structures and the neocortex during wakefulness versus sleep, while synchrony among deep structures showed a mixed pattern. On the one hand, amygdala–hippocampal synchrony resembled cortical activity (i.e. higher gamma and alpha synchrony in W); on the other, it showed its own pattern in slow frequency oscillations.

Conclusions
This is the first study to depict diverse patterns of synchronic interaction among the frequency bands during distinct vigilance states in a broad human brain circuit with direct anatomical and functional connections that play a crucial role in emotional processes and memory.
Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status and long-term individual trajectories of sleep duration among Black and White adults: the Southern Community Cohort Study
Authors: Nyarko Samuel H , Luo Liying , Schlundt David G , Xiao Qian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep duration can change over the life course; however, previous studies rarely investigated the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and individual sleep trajectories over time. We examined the association between baseline socioeconomic characteristics and long-term sleep trajectories among Black and White adults.

Methods
This study used data from the Southern Community Cohort Study (N = 45 035). Diverse trajectories of sleep duration were constructed using self-reported sleep duration at baseline and after ~10 years of follow-up. The associations between baseline socioeconomic characteristics and sleep trajectories were examined using multinomial logistic regression.

Results
Both Black and White participants experienced similar long-term individual sleep trajectories for baseline educational attainment and employment status albeit the associations appeared stronger among White participants. Lower education and unemployment were associated with higher odds of various suboptimal sleep trajectories suggesting worsening long-term sleep patterns among both racial groups. However, there were some racial differences in the experience of long-term sleep trajectories for household income and neighborhood SES. Household income was notably more important among White than Black individuals; lower household income was associated with higher odds of more suboptimal long-term sleep trajectories for White than Black individuals. Also, neighborhood SES was slightly more important among White than Black individuals; lower neighborhood SES was associated with higher odds of a few suboptimal long-term sleep trajectories for both racial groups.

Conclusions
Lower socioeconomic characteristics were associated with various suboptimal long-term sleep trajectories among Black and White participants. Substantial improvements in socio-economic characteristics may contribute to improved sleep patterns.
Protective effect of quercetin against phthalates induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Xia Ling-Zi , Jiang Ming-Zhe , Liu Li-Lan , Wu Yi , Zhang Yi-Lin , Yang Li-Xia , Shen Xin-Yue , Zhang Qiu-Yu , Lin Min , Gao Hai-Tao 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Humans are increasingly exposed to ubiquitous phthalates (PEs), e.g. butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which are widely used plasticizers in polymer products. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of phytochemical quercetin (Que) on hepatotoxicity caused by the mixture of the 3 commonly used PEs (MPEs), and further to explore the underlying mechanism. Forty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, MPEs group, and MPEs combined Que at Low-, Median-, and High-dose groups; rats in MPEs group were orally administered with 900 mg/kg/d MPEs, whereas rats in MPEs combined Que groups were simultaneously treated with 900 mg/kg/d MPEs and respectively 10, 30, and 90 mg/kg/d Que. The intervention last 30 days. Compared with control group, serum ALT, AST, LDH and AKP, and hepatic MDA, SOD, CAT and GPx were significantly increased, whereas, serum albumin and total protein were significantly decreased in MPEs group (P &lt; 0.05); hepatic histopathological observation showed numerous inflammatory cells infiltration, hepatocyte ballooning degeneration, and numerous residual erythrocytes in the central vein in MPEs group. Western-blot analysis showed that hepatic Keap1 was downregulated, whereas Nrf2 and HO-1 were upregulated in MPEs group (P &lt; 0.05). However, the alterations of these parameters were alleviated in MPEs combined Que at Median- and High-dose groups. The results indicated that MPEs-induced hepatic oxidative stress, and caused hepatic injuries; whereas, Que inhibited MPEs’ hepatotoxicity, which might relate to Que’s ability of quenching free radicals directly, and restored the regulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Ectopic expression of HIOMT improves tolerance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in transgenic apple under drought stress
Authors: Liang Bowen , Wei Zhiwei , Ma Changqing , Yin Baoying , Li Chao , Ma Fengwang 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Melatonin enhances plant tolerance to various environmental stressors. Although exogenous application of melatonin has been investigated, the role of endogenous melatonin metabolism in the response of apples to drought stress and nutrient utilization remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of ectopically expressing the human melatonin synthase gene HIOMT on transgenic apple plants under drought stress conditions. The tolerance of transgenic apple lines that ectopically expressed HIOMT improved significantly under drought conditions. After 10 days of natural drought stress treatment, the transgenic apple plants showed higher relative water content, chlorophyll levels and Fv/Fm, and lower relative electrolyte leakage and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, than wild-type plants. The activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as genes in the ascorbate–glutathione cycle, increased more in transgenic apple plants than in the wild-type. The ectopic expression of HIOMT also markedly alleviated the inhibitory effects of long-term drought stress on plant growth, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll concentrations in apple plants. The uptake and utilization of 15N increased markedly in the transgenic lines under long-term moderate drought stress. Drought stress sharply reduced the activity of enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, but ectopic expression of HIOMT largely reversed that response. The expression levels of genes of nitrogen metabolism and uptake were more upregulated in transgenic apple plants than the wild-type. Overall, our study demonstrates that ectopic expression of HIOMT enhanced the tolerance of apple plants to drought stress, and transgenic apple plants showed improved growth due to higher nutrient utilization efficiency under drought conditions.
Factors Associated with Pressure Injury Among Critically Ill Patients in a Coronary Care Unit
Authors: Ko Eunji , Choi Seunghye 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT

Objective
To ascertain the incidence of pressure injuries (PIs) in patients in the coronary care unit (CCU), identify PI characteristics, and determine associated risk factors.

Methods
Researchers conducted a retrospective investigational study of patients’ medical records. A total of 820 patients who were admitted to the CCU between January 2018 and December 2020 met the study criteria. Of these, 200 patients who developed PIs after admission to the CCU were included in this study. This study examined the clinical features of PIs, as well as five PI risk factors: patient characteristics; length of stay; intrinsic factors; care factors, including medical devices; and vasopressor agents.

Results
The incidence of PIs among patients in the CCU was 24.4%. At initial detection, 79.5% of these injuries were already at stage 2 or higher. The results indicated a significant correlation between PI stage and hemoglobin level. Moreover, the authors also found relationships between the use of medical devices (eg, arterial catheters, oxygen tubes, and Levin tubes) and PI onset.

Conclusions
Critically ill patients in the CCU use various medical devices for an extended period with severe consequences. The risk factors affecting PI are multifactorial. Therefore, the implementation of PI prevention and early detection strategies for patients in the CCU are crucial.
Rimegepant, Ubrogepant, and Lasmiditan in the Acute Treatment of Migraine Examining the Benefit-Risk Profile Using Number Needed to Treat/Harm
Authors: Johnston Karissa M , Powell Lauren , Popoff Evan , Harris Linda , Croop Robert , Coric Vladimir , L’Italien Gilbert 
Published: September 2022

Objectives:
To develop and compare benefit-risk profiles for rimegepant, ubrogepant, and lasmiditan based on a network meta-analysis (NMA) of published clinical trials.

Methods:
A fixed-effects Bayesian NMA of randomized controlled trials of lasmiditan, rimegepant, and ubrogepant for the acute treatment of adults with migraine were used to determine risk differences for efficacy and safety outcomes of the 3 treatments compared with pooled placebo. Risk differences were used to calculate number needed to treat (NNT) for pain relief and pain freedom at 2 and 2 to 24 hours and freedom from most bothersome symptoms at 2 hours; and number needed to harm (NNH) for dizziness and nausea, relative to placebo.

Results:
Results were based on 5 randomized controlled trials (NCT03461757, NCT02828020, NCT02867709, NCT02439320, and NCT02605174). NNT to achieve sustained pain relief at 2 to 24 hours was lowest for rimegepant 75 mg (5; 95% credible interval [Crl]: 4, 7) and ubrogepant 100 mg (5; 95% Crl: 4, 8) and highest for ubrogepant 25 mg (8; 95% Crl: 5, 16). Rimegepant had the lowest NNT to achieve sustained pain freedom at 2 to 24 hours and lasmiditan 50 mg had the highest (7; 95% Crl: 5, 12 vs. 26; 95% Crl: 13, 95). NNH for dizziness and nausea was highest for ubrogepant 25 mg (28; 95% Crl: 15, 62 and 99; 95% Crl: −2580, 2378, respectively). Lasmiditan 200 mg had the lowest NNH for dizziness and rimegepant 75 mg had the lowest NNH for nausea.

Conclusions:
The benefit-risk profiles of lasmiditan, rimegepant, and ubrogepant may improve clinical decision-making.