bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Microbial Inoculant on Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Cassava Fermentation Process and Fufu Produced
Authors: Agbor Evelyn A. , B. Tiku Pamela , Hermann M. Desire 
Published: March 2022

Aim: The effects of adding a microbiological inoculant on the physicochemical and microbiological properties during the fermentation process of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and on the sensory characteristics of the fufu produced using a local Bambili cassava variety were examined.
Study Design: Completely Randomized Design was applied for this study.
Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out at the Food Technology and Post-Harvest Programme Laboratory (FTPHL) of the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Bambui, North West Region of Cameroon, between January and April 2020.
Methodology: Cassava was soaked in water and three treatments: 0%, 1% and 4% Light Matrix Organics (LMO) added to the water. The fixed submerged fermentation was used. Water samples were randomly collected daily and analysed for pH, temperature, Titratable Acidity (TA) and microbial counts. The experiment was carried out in triplicates, varying temperature each time (35oC in trial 1, 32oC in trial 2 and 21oC in trial 3). Sensory evaluation was carried out on the fufu produced.
Results: Temperature, pH, TA and microbial counts followed the same trend in all 3 treatments. TA increased from 0.01-0.15%, while pH decreased from 6.9-4.85. Temperature increased then dropped at the end of the experiment. Total bacterial counts increased from log10 (3.49) to log10 (6.9) CFUml-1. Yeasts and moulds increased from log10 (7.15) CFUml-1 and then dropped to log10 (5.48) CFUml-1 at the end of the experiment. Coliforms decreased from log10 (4.66) CFUml-1 to log10 (3.30) CFUml-1. The above parameters did not vary significantly (p<0.05) within treatments. Also, soaking temperature affected the duration of fermentation, hence the finished product. The natural fermentation process was preferred for colour, taste and flavour while the 1% LMO sample was preferred for texture.
Conclusion: Under good hygienic conditions; water fufu produced by natural fermentation will be of good quality for consumption.
Influence of Leadership Styles on Quality Health Service Delivery at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital Zanzibar
Authors: Ganuga Aisha Mwinyi , Muhammed Rukayya W. 
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of transformational, transactional and democratic leadership styles on quality health service delivery at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar. Bearing the importance of quality health service there is no doubt that leadership style could be integral in offering quality health service. Despite the efforts done to improve health service delivery, Zanzibar has not optimally achieved quality health service delivery. The study used transformational, transactional and democratic leadership styles to assess their influence on quality health service delivery. Cross-sectional research design which involved quantitative research approach was used. The quantitative analysis included mean, standard deviation and multiple linear regressions. A sample size of 317 was determined using stratified Sampling method. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, (MLQ) was used to collect data. The results found that transformational, transactional and democratic leadership styles impacted quality of health service delivery with 37.3%, 25.7% and 21.8% respectively. The study recommended the management of Mnazi Mmoja to put effort in practicing all aspects of transformational, transactional and democratic leadership styles in order to enhance delivery of quality health services.
Patterns of Social Support and Multiple Roles on the Psychological Wellbing of Working-Class Women
Authors: Aidoo Ernestina , Kwakye Isaac Nyarko 
Published: March 2022

Aim: The multiple roles of working women are impacting their psychological wellbeing. What is difficult to determine is if this impact is negative or positive. The objectives of this study were to examine the psychological well-being of working-class women in the Ga South municipality in Ghana on the six subscales of psychological wellbeing tool. The study also sorts to examine if multiple roles of working-class women had a positive relationship on their psychological wellbeing and finally to ascertain if the patterns of social support positively related to the psychological wellbeing of working-class women in Ga South Municipality.
Study Design: The study targeted working women in formal sectors (Education, Health and Banking) in the municipality. A sample size of 346 working women were selected using convenient sampling method
Results: The data showed that working women generally have positive perception of their psychological wellbeing in terms of autonomy, environment mastery, personal growth, positive relations, purpose in life and self-acceptance. There was a significant relationship between multiple roles of working women and their psychological wellbeing. Social support also had a positive relationship with the psychological wellbeing of working women.
Conclusions: Working women in the Education, Banking and Health sectors at Ga South Municipality have a high sense of psychological wellbeing; these women appear to be autonomous, and have mastery over their environment.
The Effectiveness of Yoga Asanas in Alcohol De-Addiction
Authors: Jajoo Sakshi , Meshram Ajay 
Published: March 2022

Background: Alcoholism is an addiction to alcohol that has a multitude of psychophysiological effects on a person. According to the WHO, about 30% of Indians consume alcohol, of which 413% are daily consumers and up to 50% comprises into the toxic drinker category. Another worrying trend in India is that the average age to start drinking has increased from 28 years in the 1980s to 17 years in 2007. These statistics are alarming and we all need to learn.
Methodology: How to overcome alcohol addiction? While professional advice and treatments are always available, you can also try yoga and meditation to control your cravings. Alcohol abuse, addiction, and the resulting health consequences are worldwide issues. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hazardous alcohol consumption is the world's third greatest cause of early mortality and disability, accounting for roughly 2.5 million fatalities per year (corresponding to 3.8 percent of all deaths). This manuscript included different forms of yogas known as “yoga therapy” and meditation to overcome alcohol addiction.
Results: Addiction has the potential to impair our bodily and spiritual wellbeing, as well as those we love. When an alcoholic stops drinking, grief sets in, and it sets in with increased vigor. The goal of life is to live in consciousness rather than lose it. It is essential to be attentive to be able to overcome sadness. As a result, those who battle with addictions are finding fresh hope in Yoga and meditation.
Conclusion: The positive role of Yoga therapy in reducing craving, thus enhancing the management of alcohol dependence. Yoga has proved to be effective in alcohol de-addiction.
Study about Medico-Legal Cases: A More Professional Approach
Authors: Kokulwar Sameer , Patond Swapnil 
Published: March 2022

Background: Law is a natural science, similar to medicine. Most of the time, the outcome of a case cannot be predicted with certainty. It depends on the facts and circumstances of the case and the judge who adheres to his own beliefs. The aphorism that “learns from your mistakes” is undermined in the healthcare industry. Preventing medical and legal problems is the best way to deal with them, and this article tries to put together a list of preventive actions that can protect a physician from negligent prosecution.
Summary: Many of us have seen official medical examinations and certificates made and signed by any MBBS physician, gynecologist, dermatologist, or non-medical professional who is not trained in medical and legal practice. According to statistics, non-forensic physicians perform approximately 80% of the work in the medical profession, with second and professional opinions flooding the doors of hospitals teaching Forensic Medicine and Toxicology due to a shortage of specialized doctors with specialized medical, legal expertise. He is qualified to give opinions, report, or give evidence in a court of law where a Forensic Medicine specialist is found to perform the primary function in which they work to an informal physician who is unfamiliar with many of the medical fields that authorize their work by giving opinions, reporting, or giving evidence in a court of law where a Forensic Medicine specialist is found to perform the primary function in which they work. As a result, physiatrists should license all legal, medical services in the region or district hospitals.
Conclusion: One of the best jobs in the world is medical. Medicine can provide a fantastic service to humanity if doctors practice it with care, reliability, efficiency, and professional expertise. However, modern patient-doctor interactions have lost your great environment, becoming more professional and constructive. Doctors are no longer respected as infallible and unknown. The integration of health care has turned the business around, and the medical profession is increasingly driven by profit rather than service.
Kwashiorkor is a Six-year-old, Presenting as Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
Authors: Joshi Maithili , Lakhkar Bhavana , Damke Sachin , Chaudhary Richa 
Published: March 2022

Background: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is commonly seen in developing countries, especially in infants and young children up to 5 years of age. Edema is one of the characteristic features which occurs due to excessive protein loss or decreased protein intake. It is one of the rising concerns of parents and leads to mortality if untreated.
Case Presentation: A 6-year-old male child was brought with complaints of excessive skin lesions and loss of appetite for four months. He sustained burns on his legs four months back, and his general condition worsened at home. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is common among children 6-59 months. The age of presentation in our patients is unusual. We stepped up his nutritive intake, added micronutrients and trace elements, and he recovered with our efforts.
Conclusion: We recognized the child’s underlying condition well and started the apt treatment. The child responded well to the nutritional intervention and showed signs of recovery. The age of presentation was rare, which has made us report the case. The parents were counseled well to step up the child’s protein and calorie intake and ensure a tender and stress-free environment at home, enhancing the child’s recovery.
Toxic Effects of Formalin on Ist Year M.B.B.S. Students: A Cohort Study
Authors: Chaudhary Kirti B. , Dhatrak Amey A. , Chawhan Seema S. , Chimurkar Vilas K. 
Published: March 2022

Background: Formalin can lead to allergy, toxicity, and carcinomas. In the anatomy department, students get exposed to formalin either by inhaling it or by the skin as fluids containing formaldehyde may be absorbed. Formalin interacts with molecules on the cell membrane producing changes in the nuclei, changes in proteins, vacuolation of cytoplasm, and changes in DNA.
Objective: To estimate the toxic effects of formalin on Ist year medical students.
Methodology: The participants for this prospective cohort study will be Ist year M.B.B.S. students at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (meghe), Wardha. The self-administered questionnaire will be given, and complete blood count and thyroid function tests will be done before the study. After cadaveric dissection, a repeat blood sample will be collected to estimate the complete blood count and thyroid function tests.
Expected Results: Exposure to formalin may lead to abnormal values of complete blood count(CBC) and thyroid function tests (TFT).
Conclusion: The study can focus on the toxic effects of formalin on Ist year M.B.B.S. students, which may necessitate reconsidering the formalin volume and ventilation issue in the dissecting halls. There should be regular assessment of working practices to control the effects of formalin at the department of Anatomy.
A review on Management of Obesity
Authors: Gupta Deepal , Dhingra Hitaansh , Dahiwele Akshay 
Published: March 2022

Obesity is one of the most challenging conditions that primary care physicians face in their profession. Despite the efforts of both patients and professionals, the condition is becoming more common. A multimodal strategy that includes food, physical exercise, and behavioral disorders is required for treatment. Dugs and surgery are also performed to receive desired results. This study summarises the data for each strategy, discusses how primary care physicians might best assist obese patients, and offers weight-loss advice.
New weight-loss techniques to treat obesity appear to have a bright future. Current medications have had limited weight reduction impacts in the overall obese population, but customized medicine will substantially impact smaller homogenous subpopulations of obese people. Multiple, complementary route drug combinations can produce double-digit weight loss in a larger, varied patient group. Furthermore, the advancement of sophisticated subcutaneous delivery technologies has paved the way for the creation of ground-breaking peptide and biologic medicines to treat obesity.
Obesity is a chronic condition that needs lifetime therapy. The BMI, waist circumference, and other risk variables are all measured in the obesity evaluation process. Diet and exercise should be part of the management plan. Only sibutramine and orlistat are FDA-approved for long-term usage so that they can be administered to selected individuals. The only alternative that produces persistent and considerable weight loss is bariatric surgery, provided to very obese individuals.
Building Resilience in Employees; Reinventing the Ideal Administrative Bureaucracy in Public Institutions in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Patrick N. Nwinyokpugi , Godspower O. Akwakporierie 
Published: March 2022

Achieving employees resilience is critically a function of effective administrative bureaucracy, thus this study examined how administrative bureaucracy impacts employee resilience in public in institutions in Delta State. The study was operationalized with attributes such as structural hierarchy, functional specialization and rule supremacy. Employee resilience outcomes were derived as adaptation, collaboration and discipline. The target population of this study includes all principal officers of the eight public institutions in Delta State. The study used cross-sectional survey approach and descriptive research design. Using the Taro-Yamene sample size determination formula 121 officers were sampled. Structured closed ended questionnaires were the major instruments used in gathering primary data which were analyzed using pearson product moment correlation coefficient statistical tool. The scale used for this study had been previously adjudged reliable. However, we also checked by verifying reliability outcomes through confirmatory test of internal consistency on the instrument with our sample using Cronbach alpha at the threshold level 0.7 which is generally accepted by the rule of thumb. The study found that administrative bureaucracy significantly impact on employee resilience. The study recommended that public institutions should ensure flexible structural hierarchy, functional specialization and as well adhere to rules of engagement in order to restore employees’ residence capabilities in the institutions studied.
Dynamics of Oxygen Evolution and Biomass Production during Cultivation of Agardhiella subulata Microplantlets in a Bubble‐Column Photobioreactor under Medium Perfusion
Authors: Huang Yao‐ming , Rorrer Gregory L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCell and tissue cultures derived from macrophytic marine red algae are potential platforms for unique secondary metabolites. This work presents the first successful bioreactor cultivation study of an in vitro tissue culture derived from a macrophytic marine red alga. Specifically, the photosynthetic growth characteristics of a novel microplantlet suspension culture established from the macrophytic marine red alga Agardhiella subulata were studied. A bubble‐column bioreactor with external illumination (43 μE m−2 s−1, 10:14 LD photoperiod), liquid medium perfusion, and 3800 ppm CO2 in the aeration gas provided sufficient light and nutrient delivery for sustained growth of the microplantlet suspension at 24 °C and pH 8. Microplantlets, which consisted of shoot tissues of 3–5 mm length branching out from a common center, were not friable in a bubble‐aerated suspension of about 1100 plantlets per liter. Since the microplantlet tissues were not friable, only batch and fed‐batch cultivation modes were considered. Batch cultivation was phosphate‐limited in ASP12 artificial seawater medium. However, cultivation at a medium perfusion rate of 20% per day avoided phosphate limitation and extended the growth phase to provide plantlet mass densities exceeding 14 g FW L−1 (3.7 g DW L−1) after 50 days of cultivation if the suspension was not sampled. The specific oxygen evolution rate vs cultivation time profile possessed a significant pulse within the 14 days following inoculation and then leveled off at longer times. In recognition of this nonexponential growth pattern, a new photobioreactor growth model was developed that used the oxygen evolution rate vs time profile to predict the biomass growth curve in perfusion culture. Model predictions agreed reasonably with the measured growth curves.
Application of the Shock Layer Theory to the Determination of the Mass Transfer Rate Coefficient and Its Concentration Dependence for Proteins on Anion Exchange Columns
Authors: Sajonz Peter , Guan‐Sajonz Hong , Zhong Guoming , Guiochon Georges 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe extension of the shock layer theory to systems having a slow mass transfer kinetics and a concentration‐dependent rate coefficient is discussed. Experiments were carried out with bovine serum albumin on two anion exchangers, TSK‐GEL‐DEAE‐5PW and Resource‐Q. The adsorption isotherm data, determined by single‐step frontal analysis, could be fitted to simplified bi‐Langmuir equations with very small residuals. A lumped kinetic model (solid film linear driving force model, with rate coefficient kf) was used to account for the mass transfer kinetics. The profile of each breakthrough curve (BC) was fitted to the curve calculated with this transport model and the rate coefficient kf obtained by identification. A linear dependence of kf on the average concentration of the step of the BC was found. The shock layer thicknesses (SLT) calculated for different relative concentrations agreed very well with the experimental results. This justifies the use of the SLT for the direct determination of rate coefficients.
Synthesis of Bisected Glycoforms of Recombinant IFN‐β by Overexpression of β‐1,4‐N‐Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells
Authors: Sburlati Adriana R. , Umaña Pablo , Prati Elisabetta G. P. , Bailey James E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGenetic engineering of oligosaccharide biosynthesis pathways in mammalian cells makes possible generation of new recombinant glycoproteins of potential importance in the biopharmaceutical industry. Most prior investigations of glycosylation engineering of secreted heterologous glycoproteins involve terminal steps of oligosaccharide biosynthesis. In particular, increasing the frequency of bisected structures within the glycoform distribution has not before been considered. A Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line capable of producing bisected oligosaccharides on glycoproteins was created by overexpression of a recombinant N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT‐III) . Interferon β (IFN‐β) was chosen as a model and potential therapeutic secreted heterologous protein to demonstrate the effect of recombinant GnT‐III‐expression on product glycosylation. IFN‐β with bisected oligosaccharides was produced by the GnT‐III‐engineered CHO cells but not by the unmodified parental cell line.
Serum prostate specific antigen, sex hormone binding globulin and free androgen index as markers of pubertal development in boys
Authors: Kim M. R. , Gupta M. K. , Travers S. H. , Rogers D. G. , Van Lente F. , Faiman C 
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVEProstate specific antigen (PSA) expression in the prostate gland is regulated by androgens. Serum levels of PSA are undetectable by routine assays in normal boys. Measurable values could serve as a marker for pubertal development. In order to explore this question, we measured serum PSA levels in normal boys throughout puberty and examined the interrelationships with various hormonal and physical developmental changes.DESIGNSera from 77 normal boys in Tanner stages I to V (T‐I to T‐V) were analysed for PSA levels by a sensitive time‐resolved fluoro‐immunometric assay (sensitivity: 0.012 μg/l). In addition, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), insulin like growth factor I (IGF‐I), IGF binding protein 3(IGFBP‐3) and testosterone were measured.RESULTSPSA was detectable in 0% of Stage T‐I (n = 16), 33% of T‐II (n = 18), 65% of T‐III (n = 17) and 100% of T‐IV (n = 10) and T‐V (n = 16) boys. PSA levels rose significantly according to stage (P < 0.05). Also, there were significant (P < 0.05) increments in serum testosterone, IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 levels from stages T‐I to T‐IV. PSA showed a positive correlation with testosterone (r = 0.86, P < 0.001), IGF‐I (r = 0.66, P < 0.001), and IGFBP‐3 (r = 0.34, P = 0.004) levels. Both PSA and these analytes, however, showed significant overlap between stages T‐I and T‐II with only 6/18 (33%) and 12/18 (66%) of T‐II subjects having PSA and testosterone levels, respectively, above the T‐I range. In contrast, serum SHBG levels decreased markedly from stages I to II (P < 0.001). At the calculated best cut‐off point for SHBG of 50 nmol/l, 16/18 T‐II subjects had values below the T‐I range (sensitivity=89%). Because of this decrement of SHBG and the increasing testosterone secretion in early puberty, the Free Androgen Index (FAI=Testosterone/SHBG) could even better differentiate the onset of puberty with all except one of the T‐II subjects having FAI levels above the T‐I range (sensitivity=94.4%). The decrease of SHBG in T‐II subjects coincided with an increase in total body weight (P = 0.001) and body mass index (BMI, P = 0.0003). Despite the continuing pubertal rise in testosterone, SHBG levels showed a rebound increment from T‐II — T‐III subjects (P = 0.02) with a concomitant decrease in BMI (P = 0.0014).CONCLUSIONSProstate specific antigen closely reflects serum free androgen activity during puberty. However, it was unable to differentiate the earliest pubertal development. In comparison, SHBG levels and Free Androgen Index are more sensitive markers for the onset of puberty in boys. The inverse association between SHBG levels and BMI in pubertal stages Tanner stages, I to III suggests that body fatness, via its effect on insulin sensitivity, may play an important role in the regulation of SHBG production during early pubertal development.