bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Europe – the story of a reluctant nation
Authors: Frisvold Paal 
Published: April 2022

Le peuple norvégien a par deux fois dans son histoire récente voté contre l’adhésion à l’Union européenne. Ces résultats sont communément attribués à un profond scepticisme envers les unions d’États, dû essentiellement au souvenir de 400 ans de domination danoise suivis de 100 ans de domination suédoise. Si cette raison est importante, notre article veut en présenter d’autres. L’obsession des Norvégiens concernant le maintien de leur souveraineté nous semble en effet avoir deux autres causes : la croyance dans le rôle de la Norvège comme pont entre Est et Ouest, et le besoin de protéger le secteur productif national dans la phase où il était vulnérable. En 1994, l’accord sur l’espace économique européen donna à la Norvège accès au Marché commun sauf pour les produits de la pêche et les produits agricoles. Mais le coût démocratique de cet arrangement fut important, la Norvège devant accepter les lois européennes sans être représentée dans les institutions européennes. Au fur et à mesure des évolutions de l’UE, ce déficit démocratique devient de plus en plus visible, en particulier en ce qui concerne la participation aux agences européennes. Dans la perspective de débats parlementaires à venir sur le sujet, le déficit démocratique pourrait redevenir un problème politique en Norvège.
Progrès social et égalité : Maria Sandel, écrivaine suédoise et syndicaliste
Authors: Froger-Olsson Lise 
Published: April 2022

Maria Sandel est une romancière du début du XXe siècle, pionnière du roman prolétarien suédois. Écrivaine engagée, elle souhaite une amélioration de la condition des ouvrières, aussi bien sur le plan économique que sur le plan personnel. Les femmes doivent notamment avoir un salaire correct, pour pouvoir éviter l’écueil de la prostitution. La femme doit également être à égalité avec l’homme au sein du mouvement syndical. Handicapée, l’écrivaine ne peut participer physiquement aux grèves de 1909, comme son tempérament l’y porterait, mais à travers ses textes, elle veut réveiller une conscience de classe. Pour Maria Sandel, le syndicat est le seul moyen de faire évoluer une société profondément inégalitaire ; il est la seule source d’espoir et de progrès pour le milieu ouvrier.
The association of timing of pharmacological prophylaxis and venous thromboembolism in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Al-Dorzi Hasan M. , Al-Yami Ghadah , Al-Daker Fatima , Alqirnas Muhannad Q. , Alhamadh Moustafa S. , Khan Raymond 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have an increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The current guidelines recommend pharmacologic prophylaxis, but its timing remains unclear.

METHODS:
In this retrospective cohort study, patients with moderate-to-severe TBI admitted to a tertiary care intensive care unit between 2016 and 2019 were categorized into two groups according to the timing of pharmacologic prophylaxis: early if prophylaxis was given within 72 h from hospital admission and late if after 72 h.

RESULTS:
Of the 322 patients in the cohort, 46 (14.3%) did not receive pharmacological prophylaxis, mainly due to early brain death; 152 (47.2%) received early pharmacologic prophylaxis and 124 (38.5%) received late prophylaxis. Predictors of late pharmacologic prophylaxis were lower body mass index, intracerebral hemorrhage (odds ratio [OR], 3.361; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.269–8.904), hemorrhagic contusion (OR, 3.469; 95% CI, 1.039–11.576), and lower platelet count. VTE was diagnosed in 43 patients on a median of 10 days after trauma (Q1, Q3: 5, 15): 6.6% of the early prophylaxis group and 26.6% of the late group (P < 0.001). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, the predictors of VTE were Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and late versus early pharmacologic prophylaxis (OR, 3.858; 95% CI, 1.687–8.825). The late prophylaxis group had higher rate of tracheostomy, longer duration of mechanical ventilation and stay in the hospital, lower discharge Glasgow coma scale, but similar survival, compared with the early group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Late prophylaxis (>72 h) was associated with higher VTE rate in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI, but not with higher mortality.
COVID-19 reinfection
Authors: Shaheen Naila A. , Sambas Rakan , Alenezi Maha , Alharbi Naif Khalaf , Aldibasi Omar , Bosaeed Mohammad 
Published: April 2022

INTRODUCTION:
There are limited direct data on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) long-term immune responses and reinfection. This study aimed to evaluate the rate, risk factors, and severity of COVID-19 reinfection.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study included five hospitals across Saudi Arabia. All subjects who were presented or admitted with positive SARS-CoV-2 real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests were evaluated between March 2020 and August 2021. Reinfection was defined as a patient who was infected followed by clinical recovery, and later became infected again 90 days post first infection. The infection was confirmed with a positive SARS-CoV-2 (RT-PCR). Four hundred and seventeen recovered cases but with no reinfection were included as a control.

RESULTS:
A total of 35,288 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were observed between March 2020 and August 2021. Based on the case definition, (0.37%) 132 patients had COVID-19 reinfection. The mean age in the reinfected cases was 40.95 ± 19.48 (range 1–87 years); Females were 50.76%. Body mass index was 27.65 ± 6.65 kg/m2; diabetes and hypertension were the most common comorbidities. The first infection showed mild symptoms in 91 (68.94%) patients; and when compared to the control group, comorbidities, severity of infection, and laboratory investigations were not statistically different. Hospitalization at the first infection was higher, but not statistically different when compared to the control group (P = 0.093).

CONCLUSION:
COVID-19 reinfection is rare and does not carry a higher risk of severe disease. Further studies are required, especially with the continuously newly emerging variants, with the unpredictable risk of reinfection.
Trends and Characteristics of Childhood Cancer in Al-Najaf Governorate, 2012–2020
Authors: Najem Nadya Abdul-Aziz , Hussein Ashraf 
Published: April 2022

Objective of the Study:
• To estimate the trends of occurrence of childhood cancer in Al-Najaf governorate for the period between 2012 and 2020• To study the characteristics of children newly diagnosed with childhood cancer in 2021

Materials and Methods:
Study Design: The study was a biometric descriptive study that involves the treatment and processing of already available data depending on the data of childhood cancer already registered for the years 2012 to 2020.• Data here include the total number of registered childhood cancer cases each year and dividing them into various types, with estimating the most common five cancers each year.• Data also include the age of the patients (divided into three age groups [1–5, 6–10, and 11–15 years] and the gender of the patients.

Results:
The total number of children with cancer who were newly diagnosed and registered during the years 2012–2020 was 802 (male=449, female=353, male: female ratio=1.2:1). The majority of cases were those of children aged younger than five years (327), than the other two groups (5–10 years and 10+ years).Brain / CNS cancer was the most common type of childhood cancer (170 cases), followed by lymphoma (150 cases: HL 110 cases and NHL 40 cases), and then leukemia (137 cases: ALL 117 and AML 20 cases); the greatest number of cases was observed in the center of Al-Najaf than others (Kufa, Manathera).

Conclusion:
The trend of childhood cancer in our study seems to be higher in children aged younger than five years in comparison with their older colleagues, with a high variation in the number of cases of childhood cancer between one year and another, which is suspected to emerge from imported cases from outside Al-Najaf; that became near platue after exclusion of these cases. Brain / CNS cancer was the most common type of childhood cancer in our study in Al-Najaf, with a great number of cases in the Center of Al-Najaf governorate.
Introduction of Spatial Technology for Surveillance of Vectors of Mosquito-Borne Diseases as an Innovative Training Tool for Undergraduate Medical Students: Qualitative Assessment
Authors: Thakur Kavita N , Khedkar Devidas T , Palal Deepu , Subhash Johnson , Jadhav Sudhir L , Rathod Hetal , Jadav Vallari , Sohkhlet Gracia , Verma Prerna , Borah Nirankush , Nallapu Sandeep , Gangurde Shweta , Mahajan Anil 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Innovative teaching has been the topic of research with variable learning outcomes. This study was done with an objective to assess the undergraduate medical students’ perception about the effect of introducing spatial technology training for surveillance of vectors of dengue and other mosquito borne diseases.

Methods:
Undergraduate medical students were invited to participate in the training program on Mosquito borne diseases. A total of 80 students participated in the program. After the training, they were divided into two groups to conduct mosquito larval survey using conventional method and GIS technology. Qualitative feedback was collected about their experience in writing from participants using open-ended questions. The feedbacks were analyzed using thematic analysis and participants’ observation, NVivo 12 software.

Results:
Non-response rate was 20-30% in conventional group compared to GIS group. About 44% (n=63) of the participants found the training content to be educational, interesting and informative, 53.4% (n=58) of the participants said the field activity experience was interesting, 72.3%(n=58) found the overall training program to be amazing, engaging in addition to being informative and educational hands on learning experience. Field activity was liked by 50.8% (n=57) participants while 36.8% liked presentation and field activity both. NVivo 12 was used to build a word cloud and the concept diagram.

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that introduction of new technology acted as an engaging factor and increased the interest in the topic. Participants were more willing to get hands-on experience of GIS. Innovative teaching with hands-on experience of the topics could be an effective way of teaching in medical education.
Preoperative Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Türkkan G , Alkan A 
Published: April 2022

Background and Aims:
Preoperative long-course radio-chemotherapy (LC-RCHT) or preoperative short-course radiotherapy (SC-RT) are widely used in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This study aimed to evaluate the 100 most-cited research articles focused on preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer to reveal existing academic trends and the direction of therapeutic research.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study based on publicly accessible data. The Web of Science database was used to identify the 100 most-cited articles.

Results:
The median values for total citation and average citation per year (CPY) were 240.50 (range, 150–3787) and 17.32 (5.03–222.76), respectively. Randomized (median: 24.88 vs 13.32, P = 0.001) and funded (median: 27.33 vs 14.73, P = 0.002) studies had more CPY than those with opposite characteristics. No significant difference was found between studies using SC-RT and LC-RCHT, in terms of average CPY (median: 15.27 for SC-RT vs 18.36 for LC-RCHT, P = 0.303). In terms of the primary aim of the investigation, studies investigating non-operative treatment strategies had higher CPY than those investigating other subcategories (p = 0.029).

Conclusion:
Randomized studies, funded studies, and studies investigating non-operative treatment were associated with more CPY. There remains equal interest in preoperative SC-RT and LC-RCHT for rectal cancer.
Attitudes and Practices of Tobacco Cessation Counseling Among Saudi Dental Professionals
Authors: Halboub E , Jafer MA , Khormi HI , Kariri AA , Atiah SA , Lughbi SJ , Ba-Hattab R , Al-Maweri SA 
Published: April 2022

Background:
Dental professionals can play a pivotal role in educating the public about the harmful effects of smoking and encouraging them to quit the habit.

Aim:
This study assesses the attitudes and practices of tobacco cessation counseling (TCC) among dental professionals in Saudi Arabia.

Patients and Methods:
This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study targeted dentists and dental interns working in government and private sectors in Saudi Arabia. We conducted a descriptive analysis by using SPSS Statistics, version 25.0.

Results:
A total of 895 respondents (314 interns and 581 dentists) participated in this survey. Although the majority of respondents (93%) reported that they always ask patients about tobacco habits, only 59% reported recording tobacco habits in patients' files, and only 55% of the respondents reported explaining to patients the harmful effects of tobacco. Around 91% of the participants believe that a dental clinic is an appropriate place for TCC, and 22% believe that TCC has a negative impact on dental practice. Smoking status, work setting, and the number of years since graduation were found to be significantly associated with the respondents' attitudes and practices. Lack of training, time limitations, and lack of confidence were barriers for TCC.

Conclusions:
Dental professionals in Saudi Arabia demonstrated relatively positive attitudes but weak practices of TCC. Continuous education and motivation are needed to improve dentists' confidence, attitudes, and willingness for TCC. Integration of tobacco control education in undergraduate curricula is recommended.
Peran Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan dalam Perlindungan Anak yang Berhadapan dengan Hukum
Authors: Sofyan Adrian 
Published: April 2022

Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 tentang Peradilan Anak, pada tahun 2012 diganti dengan Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak selanjutnya dikenal dengan (SPPA), hal ini membawa harapan yang baik terhadap permasalahan hukum yang dihadapi oleh anak. Diharapkan dengan hadirnya Undang-undang Nomor 11 tahun 2012 dapat membantu menyelesaikan berbagai permasalahan anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum (ABH), yang semakin hari, semakin meningkat dengan berbagai macam kasus. Balai Pemasyarakatan yang adalah unit pelaksana teknis pemasyarakatan yang melaksanakan tugas dan fungsi penelitian kemasyarakatan, pembimbingan, pengawasan, dan pendampingan”. Dalam hal ini Bapas mempunyai tugas dan fungsi untuk melaksanakan pendampingan terhadap anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum sejak saat dalam proses penyidikan sampai pada pelaksanaan putusan hakim. Sebagai manusia, anak sebagai anggota masyarakat, juga mempunyai hak untuk dilindungi dan dihargai dan tidak diperlakukan dengan sewenang- wenang oleh orang yang lebih dewasa terutama dalam hal ini oleh masyarakat, yang diharapkan dapat membantu mengawasi anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum. Peran serta Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan sangat perlu untuk mendampingi anak dalam menjembatani kebutuhan anak yang sedang berhadapan dengan hukum. Pada proses pembuatan berita acara di Kepolisian misalnya, selain didampingi oleh orang tua dan penasehat hukum, perlu juga didampingi oleh Ketua Rukun Tetangga atau Ketua Rukun Warga yang mengetahui sikap dan laku anak ditengah masyarakatnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan pembimbing kemasyarakatan yang belum optimal, dapat menyebabkan hak-hak anak untuk mendapat keadilan dan perlindungan tidak dapat terpenuhi. Anak akan kembali melakukan pelanggaran hukum, apabila anak kembali pada lingkungan awal saat anak melakukan tindak pidana. Sehingga selain pengawasan dari orang tua, pendampingan oleh Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan terhadap anak yang belum melakukan tindak pidana maupun yang telah selesai menjalani pembinaan di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak, perlu ditingkatkan, khususnya peran Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan terhadap ABH.
Rancangan Pit Penambangan Batubara Di Blok I PT Keritang Buana Mining Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Provinsi Riau
Authors: Kusuma Wardani Hertanti , Ngatijo  , Magdalena Ritonga DM 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT Keritang Buana Mining yang berada di wilayah Izin Usaha Pertambangan (IUP) Desa Keritang Kecamatan Kemuning Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Provinsi Riau. Tujuan penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui penyebaran cadangan batubara dan merancang desain pit di daerah potensial untuk ditambang. Beberapa parameter dalam perancangan pit tambang adalah penentuan batas akhir tambang, bentuk design pit, design bench (jenjang) serta penentuan cadangan batubara. Perancangan pit dilakukan di blok baru yakni Blok I seluas 54 Ha dari luas keseluruhan Wilayah Izin Usaha Pertambangan (WIUP) yakni 974,04 Ha dengan penyebaran batubara dari barat laut ke tenggara. Berdasarkan hasil pemodelan sebaran batubara ditemukan 1 seam batubara yakni seam S2 dengan ketebalan 1-1,2 meter. Berdasarkan rekomendasi studi geoteknik yang dilakukan oleh PT Keritang Buana Mining dalam perancangan pit batubara parameter geometri jenjang yang direncanakan yakni lebar jenjang 5 meter dan tinggi jenjang 10 meter dengan kemiringan high wall 60° dan low wall 45°. Di lokasi penelitian dilakukan perhitungan cadangan dengan membagi luas potensial area tambang menjadi blok-blok dengan ukuran 50 meter x 50 meter untuk setiap blok dengan metode blockstrip menggunakan perangkat lunak simulasi tambang. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan cadangan pada seam S2 didapatkan cadangan batubara 232.765,5 MT dan volume overburden 3.042.710,2 bcm dengan stripping ratio 13. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam perancangan pit ini sangat dibutuhkan dalam implementasi di lapangan guna dilakukannya penambangan batubara yang optimal berdasarkan parameter teknis dan geoteknik. Dengan volume cadangan yang akan ditambang 232.765,7 MT dengan stripping ratio 13:1 bisa dilakukan penambangan dikarenakan kualitas batubara didaerah penelitian termasuk kualitas batubara tinggi.
Peran Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan dalam Pelaksanaan Diversi
Authors: Fathonah Efi Siti 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui permasalahan yang dihadapi pembimbing kemasyarakatan dalam melaksanakan diversi. Data yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah data klien sebanyak 278 klien, data permintaan litmas dari kepolisian sebanyak 197 sumber daridata registrasi Bimbingan Klien Anak Bapas bandung. Diversi yang dilakukan yaitu mengajak masyarakat untuk taat dan menegakkan hukum negara namun tetap mempertimbangkan rasa keadilan sebagai prioritas utama disamping pemberian kesempatan kepada pelaku untuk menempuh jalur non pidana seperti ganti rugi, kerja sosial atau pengawasan orang tuanya. Pelaksanaan diversi tidak selalu sesuai dengan rencana. Permasalahan keterbatasan waktu SDM yang ada, pemahaman berbagai pihak dalam menunjang keberhasilan diversi senantiasa muncul meskipun tidak sedikit yang sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan. Selanjutnya penulisan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan tambahan masukan dalam pelaksanaan diversi
THE IMPACT OF MUSLIM WOMEN’S AWARENESS OF THE CULTURAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT ON THE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND EMPLOYERS’ PRACTICES IN BRITAIN
Authors: Abou-Al-Ross Sami Ali , Alqrenawi Rana Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

<p>This study aims at shedding light on the impact of cultural responsibilities and community engagement of Muslim women on employment opportunities and employers’ practices in the British labour market. The descriptive-analytical approach was adopted. Also, a questionnaire was designed to collect data from Muslim women who are qualified to work and either have a job or seeking one, considering that they belong to different backgrounds in the UK. The cultural responsibilities and identity engagement don’t have a strong influence on improving Muslim women’s chances to get hired. Even though to a certain level there are positive indicators of adaptation to the British culture. Moreover, the respondents don’t perceive employment opportunities and employers’ practices in a highly positive way. Even though that most of them are living in the UK for a long period of time and some of them are British citizens, in addition, they are educationally qualified and enjoy a high level of English language proficiency. It is recommended that Muslim women should exercise more positive changes regarding their cultural responsibilities and identity engagement. Furthermore, Muslim women need to be more active in their environment and the labour market to get better access to jobs. In addition, it is recommended to have the British employers follow new policies of recruitment that ensure diversity and equality towards minority groups, especially Muslim women. As this will result in influencing positively employment opportunities for Muslim women.</p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL</strong>: E24; L20</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0938/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Beneficial effect of isometric device therapy in overcoming sprain injuries in the ankle due to sports using the arduino uno pro mini and load cell device design (Efecto beneficioso de la terapia con dispositivos isométricos en la superación de las lesio
Authors: Komaini Anton , Syaputra Aidil , Syafrianto Donal , . Gusril , . Syamsuar , Ayubi Novadri 
Published: April 2022

This study aims to create an isometric exercise therapy tool in overcoming sprain injuries on the digital-based ankle that is valid, reliable, practical, effective and efficient. This type of research uses a Research and Development design, this research involves 3 experts who are competent in their fields, namely instrumentation physicists, exercise physiologists, and physiotherapists. A total of 30 men who were selected using the Purposive Sampling technique with ages ranging from 20 to 28 years and had sprain injuries in the ankle participated in this study. The testing of the tool was carried out using a questionnaire, test and retest. Statistical analysis of the data used is r-correlation. The results of the reliability test of the alpha coefficient, the results of the first day and the second day have a "high" correlation. The results of the product practicality test by the three experts show the product has a "very good" level of practicality, and the results of the product effectiveness test are obtained with an effectiveness level of "very good". Therefore, design an isometric therapy device for ankle sprain injuries due to sports using Arduino Uno and load cells which are effective for treating sprain injuries.
Resumen. Este estudio tiene como objetivo crear una herramienta de terapia de ejercicio isométrica para superar las lesiones por esguince en el tobillo digital que sea válida, confiable, práctica, efectiva y eficiente. Este tipo de investigación utiliza un diseño de Investigación y Desarrollo, esta investigación involucra a 3 expertos que son competentes en sus campos, a saber, físicos de instrumentación, fisiólogos del ejercicio y fisioterapeutas. En este estudio participaron un total de 30 hombres que fueron seleccionados mediante la técnica de muestreo intencional con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y los 28 años y que tenían lesiones por esguince de tobillo. La prueba de la herramienta se realizó mediante un cuestionario, prueba y reprueba. El análisis estadístico de los datos utilizados es la correlación r. Los resultados de la prueba de confiabilidad del coeficiente alfa, los resultados del primer día y el segundo día tienen una correlación "alta". Los resultados de la prueba de practicidad del producto realizada por los tres expertos muestran que el producto tiene un nivel de practicidad "muy bueno", y los resultados de la prueba de efectividad del producto se obtienen con un nivel de efectividad de "muy bueno". Por lo tanto, diseñe un dispositivo de terapia isométrica para las lesiones por esguince de tobillo debido a los deportes utilizando Arduino Uno y células de carga que sean efectivas para tratar las lesiones por esguince.