bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of onward HIV transmission risk among adolescent boys growing up with HIV: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Kidman Rachel , Zhang Xiaoyue , Dietrich Janan Janine , Vermaak Stefanie , Ramsammy Candice W , Madi Phumla , Leshabane Given , Violari Avy 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionHIV transmission to sexual partners is determined jointly by viraemia and condomless sex, both of which are higher among adolescents living with HIV compared with adults. Moreover, decisions around condom use vary day to day. We are the first study to investigate both the stable and time-varying factors contributing to HIV transmission risk.MethodsThe cohort study enrolled 251 adolescent boys 15–19 years old who were born with HIV and resided in Soweto, South Africa. Participants had viral load testing concurrently with completing baseline and 12-month follow-up surveys. Over the study year, participants completed repeated mobile surveys to capture time-variant exposures and condom use in the past 24 hours. Associations between baseline factors and high transmission risk (a composite of detectable viral load and any reported non-condom use) were analysed using logistic regression models. Associations between time-variant factors and condomless sex were analysed using generalised linear mixed-effect models.ResultsExperiencing an additional adverse event in the last year (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.33; 95% CI 1.09, 1.64), intimate partner violence (IPV; aOR 6.07; 95% CI 1.69, 21.80) and depression (aOR 2.96, 95% CI 1.03, 8.57) each increased the adjusted odds of being in the high-risk group for HIV transmission. When we examined time-variant factors, we found that a 10% higher average experience of stress (aOR 1.23; 95% CI 1.04, 1.46) and anger (aOR 1.26; 95% CI 1.04, 1.53) was significantly associated with increased odds of having condomless sex. There was no evidence that day-to-day changes in exposure to potential risk factors influenced condom use decisions.DiscussionGlobal strategies largely focus on reducing HIV infection risk from the perspective of adolescent girls and young women. This study adds to the growing evidence that childhood adversity, IPV victimisation and depression are related to sexual transmission risk, and importantly extends this finding to the expanding population of adolescent boys born with HIV. Tailoring violence and mental health support services to the needs of adolescent boys may have important implications for their well-being and the health of their partners.
Daily life situations and participation of siblings of children with childhood-onset disabilities: a scoping review
Authors: Linimayr Johanna , Graser Judith , Gredig Selina , van Hedel Hubertus J A , Tscherter Anne , Grunt Sebastian , Schulze Christina 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundSiblings of children with disabilities or childhood-onset chronic conditions (eg, autism, cerebral palsy or congenital heart disease) often face challenges in mental health, quality of life and psychosocial adjustment. However, comprehensive knowledge of their participation in daily activities remains limited. Understanding their participation patterns and potential restrictions can help clarify their needs.Aims and methodsThis scoping review aims to summarise current research on the participation of siblings of children with childhood-onset chronic conditions. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, we systematically searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, AMED, PsycINFO and ERIC for peer-reviewed studies published in English between 2001 and 2024. Eligible studies focused on siblings of children with disabilities or early-onset chronic conditions (population) and their participation, including attendance and involvement in daily activities (concept) across children’s homes, communities and schools (context). The review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews guidelines.ResultsA total of 62 articles met the inclusion criteria: 45 qualitative (73%) and 7 quantitative (11%) studies, 7 reviews (11%) and 3 meta-studies (5%). The studies covered various chronic conditions (eg, cancer, chronic kidney disease and Down syndrome), with autism being the most common (22 studies). Key participation themes identified include family life, home participation, school involvement, leisure activities, social interactions with peers, information-seeking and continuous meaning-making. Factors such as normalcy, advocacy, identity, gender, age, culture and socioeconomic status were found to intersect with participation.ConclusionsThis review provides a comprehensive overview of current research and contributes to our understanding of how participation in daily activities has been studied so far in the population of siblings of children with disabilities. It reveals a gap in research specifically measuring participation among siblings. The identified themes enhance our understanding of potential participation restrictions in this population.
Comparison between point-of-care international normalised ratio, COAST, TICCS and truncated FibAT scores to rule in clinically significant hypofibrinogenaemia in the prehospital setting
Authors: Bodnar Daniel , Ryan Glenn , Colen Andrew , Berkowitz Gary , Williams Sue , Wullschleger Martin , Lam Alfred K , Bosley Emma 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundHypofibrinogenaemia on ED arrival and in the prehospital setting has been associated with both increased mortality and increased blood transfusions. The timely administration of fibrinogen-rich products on arrival to hospital is difficult to achieve and there is no clinical benefit with early, in-hospital empirical fibrinogen supplementation.MethodsThis was a prospective study of a convenience sample of adult trauma patients who had blood drawn in the prehospital setting prior to the administration of tranexamic acid. A point-of-care international normalised ratio (PoCINR) was performed at the time of blood draw, and Coagulopathy of Severe Trauma (COAST) score, Trauma Induced Coagulopathy Clinical Score (TICCS) and truncated Fibrinogen on Admission in Trauma (FibAT) score were calculated. Hypofibrinogenaemia was defined as a FibTEM A5<10 or a fibrinogen level ≤1.5 g/L with a clinically important specificity defined as 85%.ResultsA total of 152 patients were included in the primary analysis. The cohort was predominately male (82.9%) with a median age of 35 years (IQR 26–51). The median Injury Severity Score was 17 (IQR 10–25.5) with 18.4% sustaining penetrating trauma and 24.3% receiving prehospital blood transfusions. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for hypofibrinogenaemia was PoCINR: 0.63 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.73), FibAT: 0.57 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.67), COAST: 0.47 (95% CI 0.37 to 0.58) and TICCS: 0.50 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.61). A cut-off PoCINR value of ≥1.2, FibAT score ≥4, COAST≥4 and TICCS≥12 all yielded ≥85% specificity in detecting hypofibrinogenaemia.ConclusionsPoCINR and a truncated FibAT are potential tools for the prehospital detection of hypofibrinogenaemia. Future work should examine the feasibility of PoC devices to test for hypofibrinogenaemia in the prehospital setting and if the use of PoC devices and/or clinical risk stratification tools would result in more rapid fibrinogen replacement.
Effect of stellate ganglion block on brain hemodynamics and the inflammatory response in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: a pilot study
Authors: Kostadinov Ivan , Avsenik Jernej , Osredkar Josko , Jerin Ales , Gradisek Primoz 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with reduced cerebral blood flow and an increased inflammatory response, leading to secondary brain damage. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) has been shown to improve cerebral hemodynamics in non-TBI, but its effects in TBI are still unclear.ObjectiveThis prospective pilot study investigates the effects of SGB on cerebral hemodynamics and neuroinflammatory responses in patients with moderate to severe TBI with the aim of evaluating its potential as a therapeutic intervention.MethodsA prospective, single-center observational study was conducted in 20 patients with moderate to severe TBI. SGB was performed ipsilateral to the most severely affected hemisphere using an ultrasound-guided lateral approach at the level of C6 with 8 mL 0.5% levobupivacaine. The primary outcome was the change in blood flow velocity in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery as measured by transcranial color-coded duplex ultrasonography before and after the procedure. Secondary outcomes included changes in (a) the diameter of the basal arteries of the brain as measured by computed angiography tomography; (b) cerebral blood flow, volume and time to peak as measured by computed perfusion tomography; (c) cerebral perfusion pressure, intracranial pressure and brain oxygenation. The changes in the biomarkers of inflammation and brain injury interleukin 6, neuron-specific enolase, protein S100B and glial fibrillar acidic protein measured at baseline, 12 hours and 24 hours after SGB were defined as tertiary outcomes.ResultsSGB significantly reduced blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery, increased the diameter of the large basal cerebral arteries, improved cerebral blood flow and volume in certain brain regions on the ipsilateral side. Inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and S100B decreased significantly within 24 hours. The intracranial pressure decreased, the cerebral perfusion pressure and the oxygen supply to the brain tissue improved after SGB. No adverse events were observed.ConclusionSGB modulates cerebral hemodynamics and lowers intracranial pressure in patients with TBI, demonstrating its potential as a neuroprotective intervention. While these results highlight the therapeutic potential of SGB, further randomized controlled trials are needed to determine its optimal use and short-term and long-term benefits in the treatment of TBI.Trial registration numberNCT04208477.
Weak decays of $${\varvec{B}}_{{\varvec{c}}}$$ involving vector mesons in self-consistent covariant light-front approach
Authors: S. Thejus Mary , Hazra Avijit , Sharma Neelesh , Dhir Rohit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a comprehensive analysis of weak transition form factors, semileptonic decays, and nonleptonic decays of

$$B_c$$

B
c

mesons involving pseudoscalar (P) and vector (V) mesons for bottom-conserving and bottom-changing decay modes. We employ the self-consistent covariant light-front quark model (CLFQM), termed type-II correspondence, to calculate the

$$B_c$$

B
c

to P(V) transition form factors. The type-II correspondence in the CLF approach gives self-consistent results associated with the

$$B^{(i)}_j$$

B
j

(
i
)

functions, which vanish numerically after the replacement

$$M^{\prime (\prime \prime )} \rightarrow M_0^{\prime (\prime \prime )}$$

M

′
(
″
)

→

M
0

′
(
″
)

in traditional type-I correspondence, and the covariance of the matrix elements is also restored. We investigate these effects on bottom-conserving

$$B_c$$

B
c

to P(V) form factors that have not yet been studied in CLFQM type-II correspondence. In addition, we quantify the implications of self-consistency propagating to weak decays involving both bottom-conserving and bottom-changing

$$B_c$$

B
c

transition form factors. We use two different parameterizations, the usual three-parameter function of

$$q^{2}$$

q
2

and the model-independent z-series expansion, to establish a clear understanding of

$$q^{2}$$

q
2

dependence. Using the numerical values of the form factors, we predict the branching ratios other physical observables, including forward-backward asymmetries, polarization fractions, etc. of the semileptonic

$$B_c$$

B
c

decays. Subsequently, we predict the branching ratios of two-body nonleptonic weak decays using the factorization hypothesis in self-consistent CLFQM. We also compare our results with those of other theoretical studies.
Vague Preference Policy Learning for Conversational Recommendation
Authors: Zhang Gangyi , Gao Chongming , Lei Wenqiang , Guo Xiaojie , Li Shijun , Chen Hongshen , Ding Zhuozhi , Xu Sulong , Wu Lingfei 
Published: February 2025

Conversational recommendation systems (CRS) effectively address information asymmetry by dynamically eliciting user preferences through multi-turn interactions. However, existing CRS methods commonly assume that users have clear, definite preferences for one or multiple target items. This assumption can lead to over-trusting user feedback, treating accepts/rejects as definitive signals to filter items and reduce the candidate space, potentially causing over-filtering and excluding relevant alternatives. In reality, users often exhibit vague preferences, lacking well-defined inclinations for certain attribute types (e.g., color, pattern), and their decision-making process during interactions is rarely binary. Instead, users’ choices are relative, reflecting a range of preferences rather than strict likes or dislikes. To address this issue, we introduce a novel scenario called Vague Preference Multi-round Conversational Recommendation (VPMCR), which employs a soft estimation mechanism to assign non-zero confidence scores to all candidate items, accommodating users’ vague and dynamic preferences while mitigating over-filtering.
In the VPMCR setting, we introduce a solution called Vague Preference Policy Learning (VPPL), which consists of two main components: Ambiguity-aware Soft Estimation (ASE) and Dynamism-aware Policy Learning (DPL). ASE aims to accommodate the ambiguity in user preferences by estimating preference scores for both directed and inferred preferences, employing a choice-based approach and a time-aware preference decay strategy. DPL implements a policy learning framework, leveraging the preference distribution from ASE, to guide the conversation and adapt to changes in users’ preferences for making recommendations or querying attributes.
Extensive experiments conducted on diverse datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of VPPL within the VPMCR framework, outperforming existing methods and setting a new benchmark for CRS research. Our work represents a significant advancement in accommodating the inherent ambiguity and relative decision-making processes exhibited by users, improving the overall performance and applicability of CRS in real-world settings.
Subaerial Emergence of Continents on Archean Earth
Authors: Chowdhury Priyadarshi , Cawood Peter A. , Mulder Jacob A. 
Published: February 2025

The emergence of continental crust above sea level influences Earth's surface environments and climate patterns, and it creates diverse habitats that promote biodiversity. Earth exhibits bimodal hypsometry with elevated continents and a submerged seafloor. However, it remains elusive when and how this unique feature was first established. The geological record suggests the presence of subaerial landmasses between ca. 3.8 and 2.4 billion years ago (Ga), but their spatial extent and longevity remain unclear. Further, the tectonic processes governing the proportion of continental land to ocean basins and topography during this period are poorly understood. Here, we synthesize a variety of geological and geochemical proxies to suggest that crustal emergence did occur in the early-to-mid Archean, primarily exposing precratonized volcanic crust for brief time periods. Stable continental crust on a regional scale (as cratons) began emerging around ca. 3.2–3.0 Ga, facilitated by the development of thick, stable cratonic lithospheres. Over hundreds of millions of years, voluminous magmatism within a plateau-type setting led to the formation of thick, felsic crust and depleted mantle keels, allowing cratons to rise above sea level via isostatic adjustment. The areal extent of emergent land increased from ca. 3.0 to 2.5 Ga owing to the formation of more cratons, likely coinciding with the onset of plate tectonics, and culminated around ca. 2.5–2.2 Ga when land surface area and freeboard conditions resembled those observed today. These newly emerged landmasses possibly played a critical role in oxygenating the atmosphere and oceans, cooling the climate, and promoting biodiversity during the late Archean to early Paleoproterozoic.

▪
Continental emergence marks a pivotal moment in Earth's history, impacting the planet's atmosphere, oceans, climate, and life evolution.

▪
We review the rock record to infer the timing, nature, and tectonic drivers of continental emergence on early Earth.

▪
Emergence on early Archean Earth was mostly transient, exposing primarily volcanic crust.

▪
First stable continental land formed at ca. 3.2–3.0 Ga due to the development of thick cratons and their isostatic adjustment.

▪
Emergent land area increased from ca. 3.0 to 2.5 Ga as more cratons formed and plate tectonics began.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of a Novel Carbon Quantum Dot/Polyaniline/Iron Oxide (CQDs/PANI/Fe₃O₄) Nanocomposite for High-Efficiency Electrode Applications
Authors: Mujahid Mohammad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, a novel composite material combining Iron oxide and carbon quantum dots (CQDs, Fe3O4) with PANI was synthesized via a straightforward one-pot hydrothermal method, employing Iron sulfate, PANI and onion peels as the carbon source. The pursuit of an affordable, highly capable electrode material is an established field of research for a variety of next-generation applications. The composite CQDs/PANI/Fe3O4 (PF-CDs) was analyzed using various techniques, including FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The analyses confirmed the presence of functional groups, crystalline structure, and uniform dispersion of CQDs and Fe₃O₄ on the PANI surface, resulting in a well-formed nanocomposite with an average particle size of 25.6 nm. Electrochemical studies revealed that the PF-CDs nanocomposite exhibited specific capacitance of 111.32 F g-1 at a reduction in current density of 0.035 A/cm² and demonstrated a consistent increase in oxidation current density beyond 40 mV/s scan rate, indicating superior electrochemical performance. Impedance measurements showed a significant reduction in the real impedance (Z') value to 950 ohms, highlighting enhanced conductivity. The results suggest that the synergistic effects of PANI and Fe₃O₄ in the composite significantly improve its electrochemical properties, making the PF-CDs nanocomposite a promising candidate for applications requiring high electrochemical efficiency.
What is “Coaching” in Interventions for Patients in Cancer Care Research? A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Gérain P. , Tanious R. , Jacquet W. , Meziani A. , Van Hoof E. 
Published: February 2025

Objective: Cancer has an impact on psychosocial well‐being as well as on mental health. Coaching increasingly appears as a source of psychosocial support to cancer patients. However, we currently lack a clear framework for coaching in that context. The present review aims to better define the concept of coaching in interventions for patients in cancer care research, as well as to synthesize frameworks, techniques, and providers.Methods: A conceptual scoping review based on PRISMA was performed on studies focusing on coaching and cancer published in peer‐reviewed journals until November 2024. Studies on coaching and cancer were systematically extracted from five online databases and then screened.Results: A total of 237 studies were included after screening. Less than 15% of the studies provided an explicit definition of coaching. Six coaching categories were identified based on their goal, in addition to a general form of coaching. Coaching in cancer care occurs during the acute treatment phase as well as during the posttreatment phase. Most providers were healthcare professionals, despite an important heterogeneity. Techniques were sorted into 9 sets of techniques implemented in coaching interventions, including goal setting, providing support, and self‐regulation.Conclusions: This review provided structure to the field of coaching in cancer. It also showed that defining a field only on the word “coaching” does not appear sufficient to reflect the current heterogeneity. Consequently, there is a necessity for the field to clarify its theoretical frameworks, targets, and intervention components to increase the necessary reproducibility and cumulative knowledge.
Sane Approach to Optimizing the Workload in Remote Monitoring of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices
Authors: Sane Markus , Jäntti Toni , Marjamaa Annukka , Pennanen Elina , Aura Charlotte , Torvinen Eeva , Karjalainen Leena , Raatikainen Pekka , Karvonen Jarkko 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:
Remote monitoring offers an effective and safe method for monitoring patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. The downside of remote monitoring is the overflow of the data. Since many of the remote monitoring transmissions are nonactionable, optimizing alert transmissions could partly overcome this problem.

METHODS:
We collected data on the number and the causes of all alert-, scheduled-, and patient-initiated transmissions as well as actions initiated by these transmissions in 2023. According to our strategy, all clinically nonrelevant alerts were turned off. The trend of alert transmissions and the proportion of actionable scheduled transmissions are presented. The patient safety was monitored by analyzing the premortem alerts and changes to alert settings in deceased patients, as well as the rate of actionable scheduled or patient-initiated transmissions during follow-up.

RESULTS:

During the study period 8182 transmissions were generated from 3732 cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. Of these, 2306 (28%) were alert transmissions, of which 57% (n=1290) were considered clinically nonrelevant. The rate of alerts decreased by 44% from January to December (0.07 versus 0.04 per device per month,
P
=0.001). Of the 3335 scheduled transmissions, 11% (364) were actionable, and the proportion of actionable scheduled transmissions remained unchanged during the follow-up period (
P
=0.08). Notably, none of the deaths were linked to the adjustment of alert settings.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data indicated that active evaluation of the clinical relevance of all alert transmissions and deactivation of clinically nonrelevant alerts reduce the remote monitoring workload. However, long-term follow-up is needed to ensure that patient safety is not compromised.
Analysis of Functional Connectivity Changes from Childhood to Old Age: A Study Using HCP-D, HCP-YA, and HCP-A Datasets
Authors: Wang Yaotian , Li Shuoran , He Jie , Peng Lingyi , Wang Qiaochu , Zou Xu , Tudorascu Dana L. , Schaeffer David J. , Schaeffer Lauren , Szczupak Diego , Park Jung Eun , Sukoff Rizzo Stacey J. , Carter Gregory W. , Silva Afonso C. , Zhang Tingting 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a new clustering-enabled regression approach to investigate how functional connectivity (FC) of the entire brain changes from childhood to old age. By applying this method to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data aggregated from three Human Connectome Project studies, we cluster brain regions that undergo identical age-related changes in FC and reveal diverse patterns of these changes for different region clusters. While most brain connections between pairs of regions show minimal yet statistically significant FC changes with age, only a tiny proportion of connections exhibit practically significant age-related changes in FC. Among these connections, FC between region clusters from the same functional network tends to decrease over time, whereas FC between region clusters from different networks demonstrates various patterns of age-related changes. Moreover, our research uncovers sex-specific trends in FC changes. Females show much higher FC mainly within the default mode network, whereas males display higher FC across several more brain networks. These findings underscore the complexity and heterogeneity of FC changes in the brain throughout the lifespan.