bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol acyl transferase genes at a high-flavor intensity locus contribute to ester biosynthesis in kiwifruit
Authors: Souleyre Edwige J F , Nieuwenhuizen Niels J , Wang Mindy Y , Winz Robert A , Matich Adam J , Ileperuma Nadeesha R , Tang Haidee , Baldwin Samantha J , Wang Tianchi , List Blake W , Hoeata Kirsten A , Popowski Elizabeth A , Atkinson Ross G 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Volatile esters are key compounds contributing to flavor intensity in commonly consumed fruits including apple (Malus domestica), strawberry (Fragaria spp.), and banana (Musa sapientum). In kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.), ethyl butanoate and other esters have been proposed to contribute fruity, sweet notes to commercial cultivars. Here, we investigated the genetic basis for ester production in Actinidia in an A. chinensis mapping population (AcMPO). A major quantitative trait loci for the production of multiple esters was identified at the high-flavor intensity (HiFI) locus on chromosome 20. This locus co-located with eight tandemly arrayed alcohol acyl transferase genes in the Red5 genome that were expressed in a ripening-specific fashion that corresponded with ester production. Biochemical characterization suggested two genes at the HiFI locus, alcohol acyl transferase 16-b/c (AT16-MPb/c), probably contributed most to the production of ethyl butanoate. A third gene, AT16-MPa, probably contributed more to hexyl butanoate and butyl hexanoate production, two esters that segregated in AcMPO. Sensory analysis of AcMPO indicated that fruit from segregating lines with high ester concentrations were more commonly described as being “fruity” as opposed to “beany”. The downregulation of AT16-MPa–c by RNAi reduced ester production in ripe “Hort16A” fruit by &gt;90%. Gas chromatography-olfactometry indicated the loss of the major “fruity” notes contributed by ethyl butanoate. A comparison of unimproved Actinidia germplasm with those of commercial cultivars indicated that the selection of fruit with high concentrations of alkyl esters (but not green note aldehydes) was probably an important selection trait in kiwifruit cultivation. Understanding ester production at the HiFI locus is a critical step toward maintaining and improving flavor intensity in kiwifruit.
Marginal Jobs and Job Surplus: A Test of the Efficiency of Separations
Authors: Jäger Simon , Schoefer Benjamin , Zweimüller Josef 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We present a test of Coasean theories of efficient separations. We study a cohort of jobs from the introduction through the repeal of a large age- and region-specific unemployment benefit extension in Austria. In the treatment group, 18.5$\%$ fewer jobs survive the program period. According to the Coasean view, the destroyed marginal jobs had low joint surplus. Hence, after the repeal, the treatment survivors should be more resilient than the ineligible control group survivors. Strikingly, the two groups instead exhibit identical post-repeal separation behaviour. We provide, and find suggestive evidence consistent with, an alternative model in which wage rigidity drives the inefficient separation dynamics.
Utility of repeat extractable nuclear antigen antibody testing: a retrospective audit
Authors: Yeo Ai Li , Leech Michelle , Ojaimi Samar , Morand Eric 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesAutoantibodies to ENA are frequently ordered during the workup of suspected autoimmune connective tissue diseases. There are no current guidelines for repeat test ordering. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of repeat ENA testing after an initial negative result.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in a single, multicentre tertiary health network in Melbourne, Australia. Results of all ENA tests were extracted from the hospital laboratory information system. For patients who had a change in ENA result from negative to positive, clinical information was obtained from the hospital records regarding new diagnosis of an ANA-associated rheumatic disease (AARD).ResultsA total of 23 438 ENA tests were performed in 19 603 patients from 29 July 2013 to 28 September 2020. In total, 20 918 (89.2%) were negative with 215 (0.9%) being equivocal. Of the 2305 positive tests, the most common ENA auto-antibody specificity detected was anti-Ro52 (1185, 51.4%). A total of 2636 of 19 603 patients (13.4%) had more than one ENA test performed during the study period. Of these, most (2523, 95.7%) had stable ENA results with no change compared with the first test. Only 53 patients (2.2%) had an ENA result that changed from negative to positive. Excluding patients with pre-existing rheumatic conditions and those under 18, there were five new AARDs found in the remaining 34 patients.ConclusionRepeat ENA test results rarely change or result in a new diagnosis of an AARD, with repeated testing only warranted if there is a change in clinical manifestations.
Syringe Service Program Perspectives on Barriers, Readiness, and Programmatic Needs to Support Rollout of the COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Corcorran Maria A. , Austin Elizabeth J. , Behrends Czarina N. , Briggs Elsa S. , Frost Madeline C. , Juarez Alexa M. , Frank Noah D. , Healy Elise , Prohaska Stephanie M. , LaKosky Paul A. , Kapadia Shashi N. , Perlman David C. , Schackman Bruce R. , Des Jarlais Don C. , Williams Emily C. , Glick Sara N. 
Published: August 2022

Background
We explored syringe service program (SSP) perspectives on barriers, readiness, and programmatic needs to support coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine uptake among people who use drugs.

Methods
We conducted an exploratory qualitative study, leveraging an existing sample of SSPs in the United States. Semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with SSP staff between February and April 2021. Interviews were analyzed using a Rapid Assessment Process, an intensive, iterative process that allows for rapid analysis of time-sensitive qualitative data.

Results
Twenty-seven SSPs completed a qualitative interview. Many SSP respondents discussed that COVID-19 vaccination was not a priority for their participants because of competing survival priorities, and respondents shared concerns that COVID-19 had deepened participant mistrust of health care. Most SSPs wanted to participate in COVID-19 vaccination efforts; however, they identified needed resources, including adequate space, personnel, and training, to implement successful vaccine programs.

Conclusions
Although SSPs are trusted resources for people who use drugs, many require additional structural and personnel support to address barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among their participants. Funding and supporting SSPs in the provision of COVID-19 prevention education and direct vaccine services should be a top public health priority.
Patient Satisfaction With Standard Methadone and Flexible Buprenorphine/Naloxone Models of Care: Results From a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Hassan Ahmed N. , Bozinoff Nikki , Jutras-Aswad Didier , Socias M. Eugenia , Stewart Sherry H. , Lim Ron , Le Foll Bernard ,   The OPTIMA Research Group
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Patient satisfaction is a critical measure of quality of care across health disciplines because it may affect clinical outcomes.

Objectives
This study aimed to examine longitudinal patient satisfaction in individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) randomized to receive either standard methadone or flexible buprenorphine/naloxone models of care, its predictors, and association with dropout/illicit drug use.

Methods
This study assessed patient satisfaction, using the 8-item version of the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ), as a secondary outcome of a large phase IV pragmatic randomized controlled trial (OPTIMA). The effectiveness of standard methadone model of care was compared with flexible take-home buprenorphine/naloxone dispensation model of care in patients with prescription-type OUD. Of 272 participants recruited and followed up for 24 weeks, 183 were eligible for this study.

Results
Throughout the study, patients were “satisfied” with their treatment. The average CSQ score was not significantly different between weeks 4, 12, and 24 in the total sample (χ2 = 0.35; P = 0.84). There was no significant difference in CSQ based on treatment assignment (methadone vs flexible buprenorphine/naloxone) either overall (z = 0.87; P = 0.38) or over time (χ2 = 0.65; P = 0.72). High levels of depression at baseline and decreased depressive symptoms over the follow-up period predicted positive changes in patient satisfaction (P = 0.03 and P = <0.01, respectively). Satisfaction was significantly associated with treatment retention but not illicit drug use.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that patients with OUD on either standard methadone or flexible buprenorphine were generally satisfied with their treatment, with no difference in patient satisfaction based on treatment allocation. Given the ongoing opioid crisis, strategies to improve patient satisfaction should be further explored.
Objective Evaluation of Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication for Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Based on Plantar Pressure Analysis
Authors: Wei Wei , Jin Yufei , Jiang Mingchun , Li Lintao , Yan Weidi , Wang Haixia , Zhao Jianning , Wang Beiyue , Sun Guojing , Yang Xiaojiang 
Published: August 2022

Study Design.
A cross-sectional study.

Objective.
To quantify the severity of neurogenic intermittent claudication (NIC) for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) based on center of pressure (COP) trajectory.

Summary of Background Data.
NIC is one of the typical symptoms of LSS. So far, the severity level of NIC is mainly evaluated by subjective description of patients, which might be biased by patients’ background differences and thus lead to ineffective diagnosis or inappropriate treatment for LSS. Therefore, it remains necessary to develop a reliable clinical technique for quantitative evaluation of NIC to achieve more effective therapy for LSS.

Methods.
In the present study, the Footscan® pressure system was used to detect the COP trajectory. The real-time walking distance (rtWD) and the corresponding displacement of medial-lateral COP (ML-COP) were calculated based on the trajectory. The differences of ML-COP between LSS group and control group were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Regression and Pearson correlation analysis were used to investigate the correlation between rtWD and ML-COP, as well as the relation between the Oxford Claudication Score (OCS) and clinical evaluation indicators.

Results.
The present study included 31 LSS patients and 31 healthy controls. There were no significant differences in demographic data between the two groups (P>0.05). The results indicated that ML-COP would increase with the number of laps in the LSS group while not in the control group. Also, a linear relationship was identified between the ML-COP and rtWD for LSS patients (R2>0.80, P<0.05). Since the incremental rate of ML-COP for LSS patients was reflected by the regression coefficients of the linear regression analysis, thus the regression coefficients were defined as the claudication correlation coefficients (CCC). In addition, it was indicated by the statistical analysis that there was a strong positive correlation between OCS and CCC (r=0.96; P<0.001), and a medium negative correlation with FWD (r=−0.67; P<0.001). It was also noticed that there was no significant correlation between the average ML-COP and OCS (r=−0.03; P=0.864).

Conclusion.
The ML-COP of LSS patients would increase with the patients’ walking distance. This incremental rate, characterized by the claudication correlation coefficient (CCC), would be used as an effective indicator to quantify the severity level of the NIC, for potentially more accurate and reliable diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of LSS.

Level of Evidence.
3
The Efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light as a Treatment for Benign Pigmented Lesions on the Dorsal Hand
Authors: Wamsley Christine E. , Parsa Shyon , Culver Abby , Barillas Jennifer , Kenkel Jeffrey M. 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND
Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a noninvasive therapeutic option to treat benign pigmented lesions by targeting melanin.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess IPL as a treatment for benign pigmented dorsal hand lesions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of fifteen subjects, 40 to 73 years old, received 3 monthly IPL treatments over the dorsal hands. Subjects followed up 1 and 3 months after treatment. At every visit, photographs were taken using the VISIA Complexion Analysis System (Canfield Scientific, Fairfield, NJ) and analyzed using the RBX Brown Spots Analysis algorithm. The Clinician Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale and Subject Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale were completed at both follow-up visits.

RESULTS
A total of fifteen subjects completed all six visits. The number of brown spots decreased 9.26% (p = .0004) and 7.52% (p = .0132) at each follow-up visit. The mean brown intensity decreased 6.15% (p = .0183) and 7.67% (p = .0178), whereas the mean contrast intensity decreased 8.88% (p < .0001) and 6.60% (p = .0007) 1 and 3 months after treatment, respectively. The mean Clinician Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale was 2.03 and 2.23, whereas the mean Subject Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale 1 and 3 months after treatment was 1.6 and 1.8, respectively.

CONCLUSION
Objective analysis, along with clinician and subject assessments, showed an improvement in the appearance of benign pigmented lesions in the treated area after 3 IPL treatments.
Attitudes on pharmacogenomic results as secondary findings among medical geneticists
Authors: Bartos Meghan N. , Scott Stuart A. , Jabs Ethylin Wang , Naik Hetanshi 
Published: August 2022

Objectives
As evidence mounts supporting the utility of pharmacogenomic-guided medication management, incorporating pharmacogenomic genes into secondary finding results from sequencing panels is increasingly under consideration. We studied medical geneticists’ attitudes on receiving pharmacogenomic results as secondary finding.

Methods
Four focus groups with 16 medical geneticists total were conducted followed by thematic analysis.

Results
All participants ordered genetic sequencing tests; however, the majority had rarely or never ordered pharmacogenomic tests (10/16) or prescribed medications with established response variability (11/16). In total 81.3% expressed low comfort interpreting pharmacogenomic results without appropriate clinical resources (13/16). The positives of receiving pharmacogenomic results as secondary finding included prevention of adverse drug reactions in adults, grateful information-seeking patients, the ability to rapidly prescribe more effective treatments and appreciation of the recent advances in both pharmacogenomic knowledge and available guidelines. Negatives included laboratory reporting issues, exclusivity of pharmacogenomic results to certain populations, lengthy reports concealing pharmacogenomic results in patient charts and laboratories marketing to individuals without prior pharmacogenomic knowledge or targeting inappropriate populations. The most desirable pharmacogenomic resources included a universal electronic health record clinical decision support tool to assist identifying and implementing pharmacogenomic results, a specialized pharmacist as part of the care team, additional pharmacogenomic training during medical/graduate school, and a succinct interpretation of pharmacogenomic results included on laboratory reports.

Conclusions
The majority of participants agreed that adding certain actionable pharmacogenomic genes to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics SF list is reasonable; however, this was qualified with a need for additional resources to support implementation.
Acute Sodium Oxybate Intoxication: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Drevin Guillaume , Briet Marie , Ferec Severine , Demiselle Julien , Beloncle François , Abbara Chadi 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
Despite a better safety profile than illicit γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and other GHB analogs, sodium oxybate continues to raise serious concerns regarding clinical safety. In this study, the authors report the case of near-fatal intoxication involving sodium oxybate–alcohol combination in a 40-year-old woman. In addition, a review of the literature on published cases of intoxication involving this pharmaceutical form of GHB was conducted. A 40-year-old woman was admitted to the intensive care unit in a coma after voluntary ingestion of 18 g of sodium oxybate and alcohol.

Methods:
The GHB plasma concentration was quantified to be 146 mg/L using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. An English literature search was performed using PubMed without any limiting period to identify all available scientific publications involving cases of sodium oxybate intoxication.

Results:
Six cases were identified. Five involved fatal intoxication cases, with GHB postmortem blood concentrations ranging from 11.5 to 3500 mg/L. One involved a nonfatal intoxication case with a GHB serum concentration of 569 mg/L 7 hours postingestion.

Conclusions:
In the present case, the estimated elimination half-life was 154 minutes. The risk of acute poisoning seems to be high considering the pharmacokinetic properties of sodium oxybate. Physicians and toxicologists must take such properties into account.
Relationship Between Plasmatic Metformin Concentration and Renal Replacement Therapy: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Demaretz Lise , Claisse Guillaume , Fanton-D’Andon Cornélie , Crepet Françoise , Herda Adel , Marin Clémence , Gonzalo Philippe , Mariat Christophe , Delavenne Xavier , Launay Manon 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Metformin is the first-line treatment used for type 2 diabetes mellitus for more than 60 years. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is the most serious adverse effect of metformin and is most widely defined as metabolic acidosis with elevated lactate levels in the presence of metformin. However, there is no consensus regarding the role of metformin in metformin-associated lactic acidosis onset. This study aimed to determine the metformin toxicity threshold (the metformin plasma concentration that predicts the occurrence of lactic acidosis) and the metformin dialysis threshold (the metformin plasma concentration strongly correlated with dialysis introduction).

Methods:
This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study conducted from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020. All consecutive adult patients with at least one metformin-detectable blood concentration measurement were included.

Results:
In total, 169 patients (92 men; mean age, 70 ± 11 years) were included in this study. A receiver operating characteristic analysis using Youden index showed that a metformin plasma concentration threshold of 17.9 mg/L was associated with lactic acidosis (sensitivity: 43.8%; specificity: 90.5%). Another receiver operating characteristic analysis using Youden index showed that a metformin plasma concentration threshold of 17.5 mg/L was associated with dialysis (sensitivity, 53.0%; specificity: 94.2%).

Conclusions:
The retrospective study design, lack of clinical data, and selection bias (patients in whom metformin was prescribed owing to pathological conditions) were major limitations, resulting in only preliminary findings. However, this study could serve as a basis for future prospective clinical studies to evaluate the use of these clinical threshold values as therapeutic guides.
Associations of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus with menopausal symptoms at midlife in Project Viva
Authors: Soria-Contreras Diana C. , Perng Wei , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Mínguez-Alarcón Lidia , Hivert Marie-France , Shifren Jan , Oken Emily , Chavarro Jorge E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of a lifetime history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with menopausal symptoms in midlife.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of women participating in Project Viva, an ongoing cohort enrolled during pregnancy. The exposure was lifetime history of HDP or GDM assessed for the index pregnancy by review of outpatient and hospital medical records and for all other pregnancies by interview or questionnaire at study entry (1999-2002) and the midlife visit (2017-2021). The primary outcome was the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) applied at the midlife study visit. We used linear or logistic regression models adjusted for covariates such as baseline age, race/ethnicity, education, married/cohabiting, household income, baseline parity, age at menarche, and body mass index at midlife.

Results
Of the 676 included participants, 120 (18%) had a history of HDP, and 47 (7%) had a history of GDM. The mean (SD) age was 52 (3.9) years at the midlife visit, and 48% of the participants had experienced menopause. There were no consistent differences in total, domain-specific, or individual symptoms in women with a history of HDP or GDM. A history of HDP and/or GDM was not associated with age at the onset of natural menopause.

Conclusions
Our findings do not support an association of a history of HDP or GDM with the severity of menopausal symptoms or age at the onset of natural menopause. Larger studies of women with a history of these pregnancy complications are needed to clarify their association with menopausal symptoms.
A survey of medical cannabis use during perimenopause and postmenopause
Authors: Dahlgren M. Kathryn , El-Abboud Celine , Lambros Ashley M. , Sagar Kelly A. , Smith Rosemary T. , Gruber Staci A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objective
Expanding access to legal cannabis has dovetailed with increased interest in medical cannabis (MC) use; however, there is a paucity of research examining MC use to alleviate menopause-related symptoms. This survey study assessed patterns of MC use in perimenopausal and postmenopausal individuals.

Methods
Participants (perimenopausal, n = 131; postmenopausal, n = 127) completed assessments of menopause-related symptomatology and cannabis use, including modes of use, type of use, and menopause-related symptoms addressed by MC use.

Results
Most participants reported current cannabis use (86.1%) and endorsed using MC for menopause-related symptoms (78.7%). The most common modes of use were smoking (84.3%) and edibles (78.3%), and the top menopause-related symptoms for MC use were sleep disturbance (67.4%) and mood/anxiety (46.1%). Relative to postmenopausal participants, perimenopausal participants reported significantly worse menopause-related symptomatology on the vasomotor and psychosocial subscales of the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (Ps ≤ 0.04), including greater burden of anxiety (P = 0.01) and hot flash (P = 0.04) symptoms. In addition, perimenopausal participants reported higher incidence of depression (P = 0.03) and anxiety diagnoses (P < 0.01), as well as increased use of MC to treat menopause-related mood/anxiety symptoms relative to postmenopausal participants (P = 0.01).

Conclusions
Results suggest that many individuals are currently using MC as an adjunctive treatment for menopause-related symptoms, particularly sleep disturbance and mood/anxiety. Future research should examine the impact of different MC use characteristics (e.g., cannabinoid profiles) on the efficacy of MC use for menopause-related symptoms. Increased severity and prevalence of mood and anxiety symptoms in perimenopausal participants suggest promising targets for clinical trials of cannabinoid-based therapies.