bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Ketoprofen Loaded Transethosomes Gel
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Joshi Narendra Kumar 
Published: January 2022

Ketoprofen ([RS]2-[3-benzoylphenyl]-propionic acid) is widely employed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Ketoprofen is offered in a variety of forms in the pharmaceutical industry, including coated tablets, capsules, topical gels, transdermal patches, liquid spray, and injection solutions. The purpose of present work was to look at the possibility of transethosomes gel formulations for transdermal distribution of ketoprofen and to see effect of lipid concentration, ethanol concentration, drug concentration, and stirrer time affected the results. Vesicle size, surface charge, entrapment efficiency, and stability studies were employed to characterise transethosomes. The viscosity, pH, drug content, extrudability, spreadability, and in vitro drug diffusion studies were employed to characterise the transethosomes containing gel. The optimised formulation of transethosomes had an average vesicle size (nm), percent EE, and zeta potential (mV) of 135.65, 76.65, and -39.98, respectively. The prepared gel TG-12 had a viscosity of 3540±15cps, a percent assay of 99.05±0.45, an extrudability of 175±0.25g, and a spreadability of 13.65±0.35 (g.cm/sec), respectively. Employed the Franz diffusion cell method, in vitro drug release from transethosomes gel was measured and determined to be 99.12 percent in 10 hours. The liberate of drugs from transethosomes gel formulations was establish to be exceedingly consistent and regulated. The ketoprofen-loaded transethosomes formulation in the gel was refined, and it may now be employed as a topical medication for its non-steroidal anti-inflammatory effects. The findings revealed that transethosomes gel was a viable choice for transdermal medication administration with tailored and long-term release. It also improves the penetration of many medications through the skin.
Keywords: Transethosomes gel, Ketoprofen, Franz diffusion cell, NSAID
In-silico Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination and Toxicity profile of Isopulegol from Rosmarinus officinalis
Authors: Kalaimathi R.V. , Jeevalatha A. , Basha Afroze Naveed , Kandeepan C. , Ramya S. , Loganathan T. , Jayakumararaj R. 
Published: January 2022

Plant Based Natural Products (PBNPs) have contributed to the development of many drugs for diverse indications. Worldwide interest in use of plants based natural products (PBNPs) has been growing, and its beneficial effects being rediscovered for the development of new drugs. Literature survey on indigenous traditional knowledge bestows ethnopharmacological potentials of PBNPs, which has inspired research in drug discovery; further it provides a baseline for the development of novel drug leads against selected pharmacological targets. Studies report that rosemary essential oil (ROEO) extracts have hepatoprotective, antifungal, insecticide, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. However, their application is limited because of their odor, color and taste. Owing to the widespread applications of phyto-compounds in ROEO - GCMS was performed. GCMS analysis detected 22 compounds of which 6 compounds were in abundant. In the present study, isopulegol - a Prenol Lipid (Monoterpenoid) from Rosmarinus officinalis has been ADMET characterized from biomedical application point of view.
Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis; Rosemary officinalis Essential Oils (ROEO); Pharmacological Activity; ADMET; GCMS;
A Review on Applications of Bilayer Tablet Technology for Drug Combinations
Authors: Soni Nikita , Joshi Deepak , Jain Vikas , Pal Pradeep 
Published: January 2022

Bilayer tablets are novel drug delivery systems where combination of two drugs in a single unit having different release profiles can be delivered. Bilayer tablets improve patient compliance, prolong the drug(s) action and can deliver two incompatible drugs in a single formulation. Bilayer tablets have one layer of active ingredient for immediate release and a second layer for delayed release, either as a second dose or in an extended release fashion. Bilayer tablets are advancing helpful technologies to overcome the disadvantages of single-layered tablets. However, bilayer tablet technology is resource-intensive. A thorough selection of excipients and manufacturing conditions for each technical stage is also required. Patients with high blood pressure often have difficulty or are unable to regulate their BP with just a single medication. The majority of hypertension patients will need to take two or more antihypertensive medicines in order to meet treatment goals. Combinations of antihypertensive drugs from various categories have been found to be more effective than either drug alone in treating hypertension in people whose blood pressure cannot be maintained satisfactorily with monotherapy. Combining two antihypertensive medications with mutually beneficial mechanisms of action may result in much greater blood pressure lowering efficacy than any of these components alone. The goal of this review is to discuss the use of bilayer tablets to administer fixed antihypertensive drug combinations for the treatment of high blood pressure.
Keywords: Bilayer tablet, blood pressure, antihypertensive drugs, Sustained release, maintenance dose.
Formulation and Evaluation of Essential Oil Encapsulated Mosquito Repellent Gel
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Bijauliya Rohit Kumar , Singh Balbir , Yadav Priti , Khan Wasim Ahmed 
Published: January 2022

Mosquitoes can be found in almost every country. Many mosquito repellents have been introduced to the market in order to combat them. The mosquitos, on the other hand, developed a resistance to them. Not only that, but users are experiencing a variety of known and unknown negative side effects. As a result, a poly herbal insect repellent gel has been developed in an attempt to give dependable, long-lasting, and full protection from mosquito bites by destroying them. Three essential oils were included in the formulation of the mosquito repellent gel, as well as polymers such as tween 80, span 20, Carbopol 934, and triethanolamine. They were assessed based on their actions. Spreadibility, viscosity, swelling index, and mosquito repellent activity were used to evaluate the prepared mosquito repellent gel. As acceptance criterion, all parameters received favorable responses. The rheological study and mosquito repellent activity are highly correlated. Although the results of the current trials are promising, there is still room for more pharmacokinetic research.
Keywords: Essential Oil, Emulsion Formulations, Gel, Mosquito Repellent Activity
Oxaliplatin Induced Severe Hypoxemia, Chills and Hypersensitivity Reaction
Authors: Hussaini Syeda Zaineb Humaira , Aftab Faiza , Siddiqi Nisma , Ahmed Syed Ishtiaq , Rehman Syed Abdul 
Published: January 2022

Hypersensitivity reactions to platinum containing compounds are well described and potentially life threatening. The hypersensitivity reactions can occur either during, or shortly after the infusion of drug. The incidence increases with increase in the number of chemotherapy cycles. Hypersensitivity reactions can vary from mild reactions like rashes to severe reactions, which include laryngospasm, tachycardia, hypotension or hypertension. The combination of 5-flurouracil, leucovarin and oxaliplatin has been used in several studies to increase survival rates and reduce the risk of disease progression in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and stage III colon cancer. We report a case of patient treated with oxaliplatin who developed Severe Grade-III Toxicity including Hypoxemia, Chills and hypersensitivity reaction like rashes all over the body with itching sensation about few hrs after the oxaliplatin infusion. Patient tolerated 7 cycles of FLOT chemotherapy well. During cycle 8 chemotherapy after 50% infusion of oxaliplatin patient developed severe reaction to oxaliplatin such as breathlessness, shivering, hypersensitivity reaction like rashes all over the body and itching sensation. The drug infusion was stopped immediately, vitals were checked which shows BP: 170/110mmhg, Temperature 100⁰F, Spo2 85% RA. It was confirmed as grade 3 toxicity of oxaliplatin. The adverse drug reaction assessment was done using Naranjo’s causality assessment scale which showed ‘definite’ type of adverse drug reaction with oxaliplatin. Prompt recognition of this event and symptomatic treatment with supplemental oxygen and corticosteroids and prolonging the infusion time of oxaliplatin can lead to better patient compliance and lesser hypersensitivity reactions to these regimens.
Keywords: Oxaliplatin, Colorectal cancer (CRC), Dyspnoea, Hypersensitivity reactions, Chemotherapy.
Public’s perception on government’s public communication in handling covid-19
Authors: Prastowo FX Ari Agung , Priyatna Centurion Chandratama , Indarto Marroli Jeni 
Published: January 2022

Covid Task Force was assigned to handle the spread of the covid-19 virus, which keeps increasing and has caused loss of life and materials in various sectors. The task force is required to act quickly and accurately and keep focused, integrated, and synergic with ministries and regional government institutions. In doing its duty, the task force made many efforts, including implementing medical approaches such as preparing reliable medical staff and hospital facilities, implementing legal approaches such as issuing regulations to limit people from gathering or doing activities that may attract many people, and implementing communicative approach by delivering persuasive messages to encourage people to participate in accelerating covid-19 alleviation efforts. Communication strategies are implemented through various media to disseminate persuasive messages. Communicators are also trained to be a source of information regarding handling covid-19. They have to disseminate information to the public concerning strategies that the government is implementing to support and trust the government’s efforts. In addition, the government also has to compose persuasive communication to encourage people to follow regulations and recommendations to suppress the spread of covid-19. The government’s public communication efforts can succeed when it involves all communication channels, both the conventional and the new media, such as online and social media. In a crisis, media should be used as a friendly platform; therefore, through the task force, the government should provide complete and comprehensive information in the media.
Is Pretransplantation Overweight and Obesity still a Nightmare for Kidney Transplantation Outcomes?
Authors: Carvalho João , Nunes Pedro , Antunes Hugo , Tavares-da-Silva Edgar , Parada Belmiro , Roseiro António , Ferreira Carlos , Figueiredo Arnaldo 
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Obesity is an increasingly common disease in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease candidates for renal transplantation. It is an important factor that should be addressed in the period before renal transplantation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of pretransplantation body mass index (BMI) in graft and recipient outcomes.
Material and Methods: An observational retrospective analysis of 913 kidney transplantations was performed between September 2010 and May 2017. Recipients were categorized in groups: obesity (group 1), overweight (group 2) and normal BMI (group 3). A preoperative protocol was used: recipient and donor characteristics, perioperative data, graft and patient survival were evaluated. The software used was IBM SPSS Statistics 23: p value of < 0.05 was considered statiscally significant.
Results: Overweight was observed in 36.2% and obesity in 12.3%. In groups 1 and 2, there was a higher prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus compared with group 3 (17.9%, 16.4%, 6.6%, respectively, p < 0.001). Recipient creatinine serum levels at first and third months were also statistically different. Both groups 1 and 2 showed higher surgery duration and postoperative length of stay. It was noticed a lower immediate diuresis rate in group 1 (63.2%) and in group 2 (80.4%), p < 0.0001. Perioperative complications were more prevalent in groups 1 and 2, especially lymphocele formation (21.4% and 7.7%, respectively, versus 3.6%) and wound dehiscence (21.4% and 5.8%, respectively, versus 1.2%), p < 0.05. No statistically differences were seen in graft and patient survival.
Conclusion: Pretransplantation weight is important in renal transplantation: worse renal function in the first and third months, longer surgery duration and postoperative length of stay, higher delayed graft function rate and a higher prevalence of lymphocele formation and wound dehiscence were noticed in both non-normal weight groups. However, obese and overweight groups showed similar survival and long-term outcome comparing with normal BMI recipients.
Fatores Preditivos de Retorno Hospitalar Inesperado Após Ressecção Transuretral de Tumor Vesical
Authors: Marques Vera , Eliseu Miguel , Tavares-da-Silva Edgar , Rolo Francisco , Figueiredo Arnaldo 
Published: January 2022

Introdução: Pretende-se avaliar que fatores estão associados a um retorno hospitalar inesperado (RHI) após a realização de ressecção transuretral de tumor vesical (RTU-TV).
Material e Métodos: Realizado estudo exploratório transversal de todas as RTU-TV realizadas entre 2015-2016.
Resultados: Realizaram-se 499 RTU-TV em 389 doentes. Nos primeiros 30 dias após a cirurgia, ocorreu RHI em 16,8% dos casos, com necessidade de reinternamento em 4,2%. A principal causa de RHI foi infeção do trato urinário (ITU) (38,1%). Verificou-se um RHI significativamente superior nos casos de tumor primário, de dimensões tumorais superiores, de RTU-TV incompleta, de necessidade de realização de procedimentos endoscópicos adicionais, de maior duração da cirurgia e da cateterização uretral (CU) e de valores pré-operatórios mais altos de proteína C reativa (PCR) e mais baixos de hemoglobina. Na análise multivariada, verificou-se uma associação forte e independente entre a ocorrência de RHI e duração da cirurgia (OR = 1,016), duração da CU (OR = 1,059), e valores médios de PCR pré-operatória (OR = 1,131).
Conclusão: Um RHI precoce após RTU-TV ocorreu em quase 17% dos casos, sobretudo devido a ITU. Por cada minuto de cirurgia adicional, por cada dia adicional de CU e por cada unidade adicional de PCR pré-operatória, existe um aumento do risco de RHI de 1,6%, 5,9% e 13,1%, respetivamente. Sendo a PCR uma variável não modificável, cabe ao cirurgião otimizar o tempo operatório e, sobretudo, a duração da CU de modo a reduzir a probabilidade de RHI.
Clinical and epidemiological trends in childhood leprosy: A 20-year retrospective analysis from a tertiary care hospital in Jammu, North India
Authors: Sakral Arti , Dogra Naina , Dogra Devraj , Sharma Kamna 
Published: January 2022

Background
Slightly more than half the total number of childhood leprosy cases worldwide are from India.

Aim
To analyze the clinical and epidemiological trends of childhood leprosy over 20 years in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods
We retrieved the medical records of all children less than 15 years of age registered in the leprosy clinic between April 1998 and March 2018. We tabulated and analyzed data pertaining to demographic details along with clinical findings such as cutaneous lesions, nerves involved, sensory loss, deformities, reactions, smear status, histopathology and treatment.

Results
Out of total 1548 leprosy cases registered during the study period, 55 (3.55%) cases of childhood leprosy were diagnosed. Thirty five (63.6%) children were in the age group of 11–15 years and 83.7% were migrants from other states. Thirteen (23.6%) children reported contact with a diagnosed case of leprosy, mainly in close contacts. Fifty three (96.4%) children presented with cutaneous lesions while 2 (3.6%) had pure neural involvement. Borderline tuberculoid leprosy was the most common clinical presentation in 27 (49.1%) followed by borderline lepromatous leprosy in 11 (18%). Thickened peripheral nerve trunks were detected in 42 (76.4%), most commonly the ulnar nerve. Reactional episodes occurred in 12 (21.8%) cases (Type 1 reaction, 10 (18.2%); Type 2 reaction, 2 (3.6%)). Grade 2 disability was detected in 4 (7.3%). Multidrug therapy was started in all patients, multibacillary (MB) regimen in 42 (76.3%) patients and paucibacillary (PB) regimen in 13 (23.7%). Twenty five (45.4%) children defaulted from the treatment. On comparing the data of 2008-18 with that of the previous decade (1998–2007), there was a higher proportion of migrant cases as compared to local cases (3:1–11:1) and MB cases as compared to PB cases (2:1–6:1). The proportion of treatment defaulters declined from 60% to 36%.

Limitations
Relapse rate could not be calculated due to inadequate follow-up period. As it is a hospital-based retrospective study with no active surveys, these findings may not reflect trends in the community.

Conclusion
Childhood leprosy continues to be a significant problem. There is a clear need to strengthen early detection, treatment and regular follow-up of these cases in both high and low endemic settings.
Dural leakage due to ipsilateral needle placement for spinal level localization in unilateral decompression surgery: A case report
Authors: Andereggen Lukas , Luedi Markus M. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
A spinal dural defect caused by needle placement for spinal level localization is an uncommon complication of cerebrospinal fluid leak with the potential for the development of intracranial hypertension.

Case Description:
Our 48-year-old patient underwent unilateral fenestration and sequestrectomy for intractable L5 radiculopathy due to disc herniation at the level L4–5 on the right side. The spinal level was identified with fluoroscopy after placement of a 24-gauge Sprotte spinal needle on the right side. Intraoperatively, a sub-millimeter spinal dural defect was visualized on the ipsilateral side.

Conclusion:
Caution is needed when needle placement is used to localize the spinal level for unilateral surgery.
Spine surgery complexity score predicts outcomes in 671 consecutive spine surgery patients
Authors: Azizkhanian Ida , Alcantara Ryan , Ballinger Zachary , Cho Edward , Dore Silvi , Gatzofilas Stergios , Hossain Raeesa Habiba , Honig Jesse , Matluck Nicole , Ogulnick Jonathan V. , Rothbaum Michael , Rybkin Iliya , Smith Harrison , Tung Brian , Kazim Syed Faraz , Miller Ivan , Schmidt Meic H. , Cole Chad D. , Bowers Christian A. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
The spine surgery complexity score (SSCS), previously reported by us, is a simple grading system to predict postoperative complications and hospital length of stay (LOS). This scale is based on the technical difficulty of the spinal procedures being performed.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective chart review to validate SSCS in 671 consecutive patients undergoing spine procedures at a quaternary academic hospital.

Results:
The SSCS was predictive of the hospital LOS and postoperative complications (defined by the ClavienDindo score), based on linear regression analysis (P < 0.001 for both).

Conclusion:
Categorizing procedures according to the SSCS may enable neurosurgeons to assess surgical risk and predict longer LOS courses after spine surgery. Thus, it may prove useful in preoperative patient evaluation/ education and determining a prognosis based on surgical complexity.
Intradural Extramedullary Primary Central Nervous System Melanoma of the Craniovertebral Junction during Pregnancy: Observations and Outcomes
Authors: Valenzuela Fabiola , Desai Sohum 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Primary central nervous system (CNS) melanoma is a rare lesion derived from neural crest precursors. While its management is analogous to metastatic spinal melanoma, the literature does not describe this entity clearly in pregnant patients and the unique implications it presents. Here, we describe the case of a pregnant patient who presented with primary CNS melanoma of the cervical spine.

Case Description:
A 27-year-old pregnant patient presented with a 3-month history of neck and interscapular pain. MRI of the cervical spine demonstrated a ventral intradural extramedullary mass adjacent to the C2-C3 vertebral bodies causing severe cord compression. The patient was induced at 31 weeks and shortly thereafter developed quadriparesis and became obtunded. The patient underwent emergent right-sided C1 hemilaminectomy, complete C2-C4 laminectomy, and right-sided intradural division of the dentate ligaments for removal of the ventral intradural mass. Full neurological recovery was achieved before discharge. At follow-up, the infant was found to be negative for transplacental metastasis. We performed fractionated radiotherapy 4 weeks after index surgery. Nine months following index surgery, she presented with severe axial neck pain. Radiographs of the cervical spine demonstrated postlaminectomy kyphosis. The patient later underwent a posterior cervical fusion. She was recurrence-free 9 months follow-up.

Conclusion:
The differential for intradural extramedullary spinal lesions should include schwannoma, neurofibroma, meningioma, metastasis, and melanoma. Physicians caring for pregnant patients with melanoma should be aware of the potential for transplacental metastasis and perform follow-up for fetal complications.
Composition chimique et activité antibactérienne de l’huile essentielle de Lavandula officinaliscultivées dans la région de Skikda - Algérie.
Authors: Boughendjioua Hicham 
Published: January 2022

Cette étude a pour objectif de déterminer la composition chimique et d’évaluer l’activité antibactérienne de l’huile essentielle des sommités fleuries sèches de la lavande (Lavandula officinalis). L’analyse de l’huile essentielle par CG/SM a permis d’identifier 20 composés terpéniques dont les principaux sont : Linalyl acétate (32,98 %), Linalool (28,92 %), β-caryophyllène (4.62 %), Acétate de lavandulyle (4.52 %), Z-β-ocimène (4.44 %), terpinène-4-ol (4,32 %), E-β-ocimène (3.09 %) et β-farnésène (2.73 %). L’évaluation de l’activité antibactérienne in vitro sur trois cocci Gram+ : streptocoque β -hémolytique du groupe A, Staphylococcus aureus et Staphylococcus epidermidis, souvent cause de la majorité des infections cutanées ont révélé un pouvoir antibactérien.