bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EMIC‐Wave Driven Electron Precipitation Observed by CALET on the International Space Station
Authors: Bruno A. , Blum L. W. , de Nolfo G. A. , Kataoka R. , Torii S. , Greeley A. D. , Kanekal S. G. , Ficklin A. W. , Guzik T. G. , Nakahira S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe present an analysis of the relativistic electron precipitation (REP) event measured by the CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) experiment on board the International Space Station during a relatively weak geomagnetic storm on 31 December 2016. CALET observations were compared with the measurements of the Van Allen Probes in the near‐equatorial plane to investigate the global radiation belt dynamics and the REP drivers. The magnetically conjugate observations from these two missions demonstrate that the significant MeV precipitation directly detected by CALET in low‐Earth orbit during a period of radiation belt depletion following the passage of a high‐speed stream, was associated with dusk‐side electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. In addition, the combined wave, REP and trapped electron data suggest that the reported radiation belt depletion can be likely ascribed to the concomitant loss effects of EMIC wave scattering driving the atmospheric precipitation, as well as outward radial diffusion associated with magnetopause shadowing.
Statistical Study on the North‐South Asymmetric Distribution of the Mid‐Low‐Latitude Nightside Disturbed Magnetic Fields
Authors: Ou Jiaming , Du Aimin , Ge Yasong , Luo Hao , Zhang Ying , Guo Zhifang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe nightside magnetic field at the middle and low latitude observatory is usually disturbed, decreasing in its north component (noted as Bx) during the periods of enhanced space weather activity. As indicated by the SYM‐H index, the decreasing field mainly originated from the magnetospheric westward ring current and the cross‐tail currents. In the meridian direction, the maximum of the disturbed field has been observed not always located at the geomagnetic dipole equator. One possible explanation is that the latitudinal position of the magnetotail current systems is affected by the orientation of solar wind to the Earth's geomagnetic dipole axis (noted as tilt angle). For a non‐zero tilt angle, the current deviates from the equatorial position (e.g., Malin & Mete Işikara, 1976; 10.1111/j.1365-246x.1976.tb07096.x). In this study, the mid‐low latitudinal distribution of the nightside disturbed field is systematically investigated every ∼1.5 hr, based on the magnetic surveys of the Swarm satellite constellation at polar orbits of ∼450 km altitude. The meridian distribution of Bx regularly appears like an upward‐opening parabolic shape with its vertex representing the magnetic minimum. In summer, the minimum is found generally located in the southern hemisphere, while in winter the pattern is reversed. The overall distribution demonstrates north‐south asymmetry. When the disturbed level is low, the deviation of the magnetic minimum from the dipole equator usually gets larger. The north‐south asymmetric distribution during storm times is further analyzed. In the initial phase, the magnetic minimum was shifted prominently (about 10°–30°) from the equator, then moved back (with the offset less than 10°) in the main phase and recovery phase in most cases. Moreover, the latitudinal deviation undergoes a diurnal variation, which is conspicuous in spring and autumn. It seems the asymmetric distribution is anti‐correlated to the contribution of the ring current, indicated by the SYM‐H index. The warping structure of the cross‐tail current sheet probably plays a predominant role in generating the north‐south asymmetry of the magnetic field disturbances for non‐zero dipole tilt angles. Monitoring the external magnetic configuration via the low‐Earth‐orbit satellites will provide fundamental evidence to identify the relative position of the ring current and the cross‐tail current, as well as the dynamic processes in the near magnetotail.
Seasonal Surface Eddy Mixing in the Kuroshio Extension: Estimation and Machine Learning Prediction
Authors: Guan Wenting , Chen Ru , Zhang Hong , Yang Yi , Wei Hao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResults of coarse‐resolution climate models are sensitive to the specification of ocean eddy mixing coefficients. Therefore, it is important to estimate, rationalize and predict eddy diffusivities. Here, we estimate the seasonal variability of surface eddy diffusivities in the Kuroshio Extension region using numerical particles advected by a submesoscale‐permitting model solution. We find that both the spatial structure and the domain‐averaged value of the particle‐based eddy diffusivities have a significant seasonal cycle. We also assess the predictability of cross‐stream mixing lengths in this region using the methods of machine learning, suppressed mixing length theory (SMLT), and multiple linear regression (LR). The predictors we choose are all variables from SMLT that represent eddy‐ and mean‐flow properties, and these predictors correlate well with the particle‐based cross‐stream mixing lengths. We demonstrate that, compared to SMLT and LR, machine learning methods, in particular the random forest (RF) and convolutional neural network (CNN), can better represent both the spatial structure and the domain‐averaged value of cross‐stream mixing lengths. The skill in predicting the mixing lengths with CNN has much less seasonal variability than that with RF. Our results indicate that the machine learning approach may be useful in future development of eddy parameterization schemes.
FX5, a non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, ameliorates diabetic cognitive impairment in mice
Authors: Zhu Dan-yang , Lu Jian , Xu Rui , Yang Juan-zhen , Meng Xiang-rui , Ou-Yang Xing-nan , Yan Qiu-ying , Nie Rui-fang , Zhao Tong , Chen Yi-di , Lu Yin , Zhang Yi-nan , Li Wen-jun , Shen Xu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDiabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) is a common diabetic complication characterized by learning and memory deficits. In diabetic patients, hyperactivated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis leads to abnormal increase of glucocorticoids (GCs), which causes the damage of hippocampal neurons and cognitive impairment. In this study we investigated the cognition-improving effects of a non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist 5-chloro-N-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]thiophene-2-sulfonamide (FX5) in diabetic mice. Four weeks after T1DM or T2DM was induced, the mice were administered FX5 (20, 40 mg·kg−1·d−1,i.g.) for 8 weeks. Cognitive impairment was assessed in open field test, novel object recognition test, Y-maze test, and Morris water maze test. We showed that FX5 administration significantly ameliorated the cognitive impairments in both type 1 and 2 diabetic mice. Similar cognitive improvement was observed in diabetic mice following brain GR-specific knockdown by injecting AAV-si-GR. Moreover, AAV-si-GRinjection occluded the cognition-improving effects of FX5, suggesting that FX5 functioning as a non-steroidal GR antagonist. In PA-treated primary neurons (as DCI model in vitro), we demonstrated that FX5 (2, 5, 10 μM) dose-dependently ameliorated synaptic impairment via upregulating GR/BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway, protected against neuronal apoptosis through repressing GR/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β-mediated tauopathy and subsequent endoplasmic reticulum stress. In LPS-treated primary microglia, FX5 dose-dependently inhibited inflammation through GR/NF-κB/NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway. These beneficial effects were also observed in the hippocampus of diabetic mice following FX5 administration. Collectively, we have elucidated the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of non-steroidal GR antagonist FX5 on DCI and highlighted the potential of FX5 in the treatment of the disease.
Dissection of artifactual and confounding glial signatures by single-cell sequencing of mouse and human brain
Authors: Marsh Samuel E. , Walker Alec J. , Kamath Tushar , Dissing-Olesen Lasse , Hammond Timothy R. , de Soysa T. Yvanka , Young Adam M. H. , Murphy Sarah , Abdulraouf Abdulraouf , Nadaf Naeem , Dufort Connor , Walker Alicia C. , Lucca Liliana E. , Kozareva Velina , Vanderburg Charles , Hong Soyon , Bulstrode Harry , Hutchinson Peter J. , Gaffney Daniel J. , Hafler David A. , Franklin Robin J. M. , Macosko Evan Z. , Stevens Beth 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA key aspect of nearly all single-cell sequencing experiments is dissociation of intact tissues into single-cell suspensions. While many protocols have been optimized for optimal cell yield, they have often overlooked the effects that dissociation can have on ex vivo gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that use of enzymatic dissociation on brain tissue induces an aberrant ex vivo gene expression signature, most prominently in microglia, which is prevalent in published literature and can substantially confound downstream analyses. To address this issue, we present a rigorously validated protocol that preserves both in vivo transcriptional profiles and cell-type diversity and yield across tissue types and species. We also identify a similar signature in postmortem human brain single-nucleus RNA-sequencing datasets, and show that this signature is induced in freshly isolated human tissue by exposure to elevated temperatures ex vivo. Together, our results provide a methodological solution for preventing artifactual gene expression changes during fresh tissue digestion and a reference for future deeper analysis of the potential confounding states present in postmortem human samples.
BCL2A1 regulates Canady Helios Cold Plasma-induced cell death in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Murthy Saravana R. K. , Cheng Xiaoqian , Zhuang Taisen , Ly Lawan , Jones Olivia , Basadonna Giacomo , Keidar Michael , Canady Jerome 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis and frequently relapses early compared with other subtypes. The Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) is a promising therapy for prognostically poor breast cancer such as TNBC. The Canady Helios Cold Plasma (CHCP) induces cell death in the TNBC cell line without thermal damage, however, the mechanism of cell death by CAP treatment is ambiguous and the mechanism of resistance to cell death in some subset of cells has not been addressed. We investigate the expression profile of 48 apoptotic and 35 oxidative gene markers after CHCP treatment in six different types of breast cancer cell lines including luminal A (ER+ PR+/−HER2−), luminal B (ER+PR+/−HER2+), (ER−PR−HER2+), basal-like: ER−PR−HER2− cells were tested with CHCP at different power settings and at 4 different incubation time. The expression levels of the gene markers were determined at 4 different intervals after the treatment. The protein expression of BCL2A1 was only induced after CHCP treatment in TNBC cell lines (p < 0.01), whereas the HER2-positive and ER, PR positive cell lines showed little or no expression of BCL2A1. The BCL2A1 and TNF-alpha expression levels showed a significant correlation within TNBC cell lines (p < 0.01). Silencing BCL2A1 mRNA by siRNA increased the potency of the CHCP treatment. A Combination of CHCP and CPI203, a BET bromodomain inhibitor, and a BCL2A1 antagonist increased the CHCP-induced cell death (p < 0.05). Our results revealed that BCL2A1 is a key gene for resistance during CHCP induced cell death. This resistance in TNBCs could be reversed with a combination of siRNA or BCL2A1 antagonist-CHCP therapy.
B-cell-depletion reverses dysbiosis of the microbiome in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Troci Alba , Zimmermann Olga , Esser Daniela , Krampitz Paula , May Sandra , Franke Andre , Berg Daniela , Leypoldt Frank , Stürner Klarissa Hanja , Bang Corinna 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo elucidate cross-sectional patterns and longitudinal changes of oral and stool microbiota in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and the effect of B-cell depletion. We conducted an observational, longitudinal clinical cohort study analysing four timepoints over 12 months in 36 MS patients, of whom 22 initiated B-cell depleting therapy with ocrelizumab and a healthy control group. For microbiota analysis of the oral cavity and the gut, provided stool and oral swab samples underwent 16S rDNA sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analyses. Oral microbiota-patterns exhibited a reduced alpha-diversity and unique differential microbiota changes compared to stool such as increased levels of Proteobacteria and decreased abundance of Actinobacteria. Following B-cell depletion, we observed increased alpha-diversity in the gut and the oral cavity as well as a long-term sustained reduction of pro-inflammatory Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia/Shigella). MS patients have altered stool and oral microbiota diversity patterns compared to healthy controls, which are most pronounced in patients with higher disease activity and disability. Therapeutic B-cell depletion is associated with persisting regression of these changes. Whether these microbial changes are unspecific side-effects of B-cell depletion or indirectly modulate MS disease activity and progression is currently unknown and necessitates further investigations.
Rhythm control without catheter ablation may have benefits beyond stroke prevention in rivaroxaban-treated non-permanent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Chiou Wei-Ru , Lin Po-Lin , Huang Chun-Che , Chuang Jen-Yu , Liu Lawrence Yu-Min , Su Min-I , Liao Feng-Ching , Kuo Jen-Yuan , Tsai Cheng-Ting , Wu Yih-Jer , Wang Kuang-Te , Lee Ying-Hsiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe current treatment paradigm for atrial fibrillation (AF) prioritizes rate control over rhythm control; however, rhythm control has shown benefits over other AF strategies. This study compares the outcomes of rivaroxaban with and without concomitant antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs), using propensity score matching to correct for statistical effects of baseline discrepancies. This multi-center retrospective study included 1,477 patients with non-permanent AF who took rivaroxaban for at least one month between 2011 and 2016 and had not received catheter ablation. Concomitant AAD use was compared against clinical outcome endpoints for effectiveness, safety, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Associations with concomitant AAD use were evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses. Patients were divided into two matched groups: rivaroxaban alone (n = 739) and with concomitant AADs (n = 738). The cumulative incidences of safety (p = 0.308), effectiveness (p = 0.583), and MACE (p = 0.754) were similar between the two groups, and multivariate analysis showed no significant differences. The new thromboembolism and all-cause death rates were higher in rivaroxaban alone (2.7% vs 0.8%, p = 0.005; and 10% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.032, respectively). The heart failure readmission rate was higher in the concomitant-AAD group (8.4% vs. 13.3%, p = 0.003). The concomitant use of rivaroxaban with AADs appears to be well-tolerated, with lower rates of thromboembolism and all-cause death, but is associated with more occurrences of congestive heart failure.
CRF07_BC is associated with slow HIV disease progression in Chinese patients
Authors: Ye Jingrong , Chen Jing , Wang Juan , Wang Yuncong , Xing Hui , Yu Fengting , Liu Lifeng , Han Yang , Huang Huihuang , Feng Yi , Ruan Yuhua , Zheng Minna , Lu Xinli , Guo Xiaoli , Yang Hong , Guo Qi , Lin Yi , Wu Jianjun , Wu Shouli , Tang Yilong , Sun Xiaoguang , Zou Xiaobai , Yu Guolong , Li Jianjun , Zhou Quanhua , Su Ling , Zhang Lincai , Gao Zhan , Xin Ruolei , He Shufang , Xu Conghui , Hao Mingqiang , Hao Yinxiao , Ren Xianlong , Li Jie , Bai Lishi , Jiang Tianjun , Zhang Tong , Shao Yiming , Lu Hongyan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHIV subtypes convey important epidemiological information and possibly influence the rate of disease progression. In this study, HIV disease progression in patients infected with CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, and subtype B was compared in the largest HIV molecular epidemiology study ever done in China. A national data set of HIV pol sequences was assembled by pooling sequences from public databases and the Beijing HIV laboratory network. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with the risk of AIDS at diagnosis ([AIDSAD], defined as a CD4 count < 200 cells/µL) in patients with HIV subtype B, CRF01_AE, and CRF07_BC. Of the 20,663 sequences, 9,156 (44.3%) were CRF01_AE. CRF07_BC was responsible for 28.3% of infections, followed by B (13.9%). In multivariable analysis, the risk of AIDSAD differed significantly according to HIV subtype (OR for CRF07_BC vs. B: 0.46, 95% CI 0.39─0.53), age (OR for ≥ 65 years vs. < 18 years: 4.3 95% CI 1.81─11.8), and transmission risk groups (OR for men who have sex with men vs. heterosexuals: 0.67 95% CI 0.6─0.75). These findings suggest that HIV diversity in China is constantly evolving and gaining in complexity. CRF07_BC is less pathogenic than subtype B, while CRF01_AE is as pathogenic as B.
Impact of deleterious missense PRKCI variants on structural and functional dynamics of protein
Authors: Shah Hania , Khan Khushbukhat , Khan Naila , Badshah Yasmin , Ashraf Naeem Mahmood , Shabbir Maria 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProtein kinase C iota (PKCɩ) is a novel protein containing 596 amino acids and is also a member of atypical kinase family. The role of PKCɩ has been explored in neurodegenerative diseases, neuroblastoma, ovarian and pancreatic cancers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have not been studied in PKCɩ till date. The purpose of the current study is to scrutinize the deleterious missense variants in PKCɩ and determine the effect of these variants on stability and dynamics of the protein. The structure of protein PKCɩ was predicted for the first time and post translational modifications were determined. Genetic variants of PKCɩ were retrieved from ENSEMBL and only missense variants were further analyzed because of its linkage with diseases. The pathogenicity of missense variants, effect on structure and function of protein, association with cancer and conservancy of the protein residues were determined through computational approaches. It is observed that C1 and the pseudo substrate region has the highest number of pathogenic SNPs. Variations in the kinase domain of the protein are predicted to alter overall phosphorylation of the protein. Molecular dynamic simulations predicted noteworthy change in structural and functional dynamics of the protein because of these variants. The study revealed that nine deleterious variants can possibly contribute to malfunctioning of the protein and can be associated with diseases. This can be useful in diagnostics and developing therapeutics for diseases related to these polymorphisms.
Transient CFD analysis of fuel siphoning under a sudden inertial load
Authors: Bae Kang-Sik , Blosch Edwin L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the results of CFD investigations of siphoning between tanks of an aircraft fuel system under high-g conditions typical of an extreme pull-up maneuver. Negative gauge pressures in the siphon tank can occur, potentially breaking the siphon and decreasing the available fuel flow to the engine. A representative configuration of a system has been modeled, consisting of two fuel tanks plus a vent tank, fuel transfer lines, and gas lines for venting and supply of inert gas to the fuel tank ullage spaces. The fuel pressures and dynamics are simulated using a time-dependent Volume-of-Fluid modeling with normal force increasing rapidly from 1 to 9 g corresponding to an extended period of rapid pull-up during which the main supply tank becomes empty. Realistic values for engine fuel flow rate and fuel properties (JP-8) are used. This work is part of a broad effort to investigate fuel system performance issues that are difficult to test. Four simulations were performed in total, comparing 1 g flight and a 9 g pull-up both with and without a low-capacity pump assisting the siphon transfer. We find that the pump influences the siphon flow rate, the siphon break characteristics as the supply tank empties, and the magnitude of negative gauge pressures that occur in the siphon tank.
Improved remediation of co-contaminated soils by heavy metals and PAHs with biosurfactant-enhanced soil washing
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Xiaodong , Wang Shuguang , Zhao Shan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDue to the huge toxicity of co-contaminated soil with PAHs and heavy metals and the complexity of their remediation, it is thus critical to take effective remediation actions to remove heavy metals and PAHs simultaneously from the co-contaminated soil. Biosurfactant-enhanced soil washing (BESW) were investigated in this study for remediation of soil co-contaminated with phenanthrene (PHE) and cadmium (Cd). The co-existence of PHE and Cd caused the change of the structure of soil and rhamnolipid micelle, which lead to different removal rate of PHE and Cd from co-contaminated soil compared with single contaminated soil. The results of FT-IR and NMR showed that PHE entered micelles of rhamnolipid and Cd formed the complexation with the external carboxyl groups of rhamnolipid micelle. We also found that pH, concentration of rhamnolipid solution, temperature and ionic strength had influence on co-contaminated soil remediation. The effects of above mentioned four factors on co-contaminated soil remediation in BESW processes were analyzed by using Taguchi design of experiment method. Taguchi based Grey Relational Analysis was conducted to identify the optimal remediation conditions, which included pH = 9, concentration of rhamnolipid = 5 g/L, temperature = 15 °C and ionic strength = 0.01 M. Under the optimal conditions for BESW, removal rates of cadmium and phenanthrene reached 72.4% and 87.8%, respectively in co-contaminated soil.