bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D elemental abundances of stars at formation across the histories of Milky Way-mass galaxies in the FIRE simulations
Authors: Bellardini Matthew A , Wetzel Andrew , Loebman Sarah R , Bailin Jeremy 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
We characterize the 3D spatial variations of [Fe/H], [Mg/H], and [Mg/Fe] in stars at the time of their formation, across 11 simulated Milky Way (MW)- and M31-mass galaxies in the FIRE-2 simulations, to inform initial conditions for chemical tagging. The overall scatter in [Fe/H] within a galaxy decreased with time until $\approx 7 \, \rm {Gyr}$ ago, after which it increased to today: this arises from a competition between a reduction of azimuthal scatter and a steepening of the radial gradient in abundance over time. The radial gradient is generally negative, and it steepened over time from an initially flat gradient $\gtrsim 12 \, \rm {Gyr}$ ago. The strength of the present-day abundance gradient does not correlate with when the disc ‘settled’; instead, it best correlates with the radial velocity dispersion within the galaxy. The strength of azimuthal variation is nearly independent of radius, and the 360 deg scatter decreased over time, from $\lesssim 0.17 \, \rm {dex}$ at $t_{\rm lb} = 11.6 \, \rm {Gyr}$ to $\sim 0.04 \, \rm {dex}$ at present-day. Consequently, stars at $t_{\rm lb} \gtrsim 8 \, \rm {Gyr}$ formed in a disc with primarily azimuthal scatter in abundances. All stars formed in a vertically homogeneous disc, Δ[Fe/H]$\le 0.02 \, \rm {dex}$ within $1 \, \rm {kpc}$ of the galactic mid-plane, with the exception of the young stars in the inner $\approx 4 \, \rm {kpc}$ at z ∼ 0. These results generally agree with our previous analysis of gas-phase elemental abundances, which reinforces the importance of cosmological disc evolution and azimuthal scatter in the context of stellar chemical tagging. We provide analytic fits to our results for use in chemical-tagging analyses.
Initial periods and magnetic fields of neutron stars
Authors: Igoshev Andrei P , Frantsuzova Anastasia , Gourgouliatos Konstantinos N , Tsichli Savina , Konstantinou Lydia , Popov Sergei B 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Initial distributions of pulsar periods and magnetic fields are essential components of multiple modern astrophysical models. Not enough work has been done to properly constrain these distributions using direct measurements. Here, we aim to fill this gap by rigorously analysing the properties of young neutron stars (NSs) associated to supernova remnants (SNRs). In order to perform this task, we compile a catalogue of 56 NSs uniquely paired to SNRs with known age estimate. Further, we analyse this catalogue using multiple statistical techniques. We found that distribution of magnetic fields and periods for radio pulsars are both well described using the lognormal distribution. The mean magnetic field is log10[B/G] = 12.44 and standard deviation is σB = 0.44. Magnetars and central compact objects do not follow the same distribution. The mean initial period is $\log _{10} P_0 [P / \mathrm{s}] = -1.04_{-0.2}^{+0.15}$ and standard deviation is $\sigma _{\rm p} = 0.53_{-0.08}^{+0.12}$. We show that the normal distribution does not describe the initial periods of NSs sufficiently well. Parameters of the initial period distribution are not sensitive to the exact value of the braking index.
Rethinking the international tax transparency framework
Authors: Pfister Roland A 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyze whether the current Tax Transparency framework around the world has now become an overly complex, inefficient, and unmethodical system. The general expectation seems to be that Tax Transparency enables countries to better apply their domestic tax laws since they have the necessary information to assess taxpayers who used to be out of the radar of tax authorities. However, this conception is unlikely to be that simple. Overlapping regulations, voluminous information, differences between the tax authorities’ capabilities and interests to approach the matter, pose the question on whether the current international Tax Transparency framework remains consistent and realistic.
VIIIRenaissance Drama: Excluding Shakespeare
Authors: Bull Steve , Balakrishnan Lakshmi , Ragni Cristiano , Enjo Yuri 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This chapter has three sections: 1. Editions and Textual Matters; 2. Theatre History; 3. Criticism. Section 1 is by Steve Bull; section 2 is by Lakshmi Balakrishnan; section 3(a) is by Cristiano Ragni; section 3(b) is by Yuri Enjo.
Wheat Curl Mite: A New Source of the Eriophyoid Mite in Wheat Fields Identified
Authors: Obasa Ken , Alabi Olufemi J. , Sétamou Mamoudou 
Published: June 2022

Wheat curl mites (WCMs; Aceria tosichella) are an important global pest of cultivated wheat. Their feeding activities on epidermal cells of wheat leaves result in characteristic leaf curl symptoms that prevent the unfurling of affected leaves and impair the proper emergence of heads from the boot stage. The most significant economic impact of WCM infestation, however, is their ability to vector and transmit four important viruses of wheat, specifically, wheat streak mosaic virus, Triticum mosaic virus, High Plains wheat mosaic emaravirus, and brome streak mosaic virus. Being wingless, WCMs are almost completely dependent on air currents for their dispersal. In addition, because of their obligate lifestyle, wheat field infestations are thought to originate from sources such as volunteer wheat. Corn and other cultivated and noncultivated Poaceae hosts are also known to act as green bridges between successive wheat crops. Consequently, management practices mostly target these off-season host plants but also the use of resistant varieties and other cultural control methods. Here we report the discovery of seed-borne WCM eggs, a previously unknown method of their dispersal, as a possible source of new infestations in wheat fields. This discovery expands our understanding of the biology of WCMs, with potential implications for the development of more holistic and effective management strategies for this economic pest and virus vector. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Entacapone alleviates acute kidney injury by inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Yang Jiahong , Sun Xiaolin , Huang Ning , Li Peng , He Jiaqi , Jiang Lan , Zhang Xuemei , Han Shu , Xin Hong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical problem and an efficacious treatment is lacking. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered type of programmed cell death, has been reported to alleviate renal tubular injury in ischemia/reperfusion‐induced acute kidney injury (I/R‐AKI). Entacapone is a specific inhibitor of catechol‐O‐methyltransferase, which is used as an adjuvant drug against Parkinson's disease. We demonstrated that entacapone prevents renal I/R injury by inhibiting ferroptosis. Compared with a sham group, entacapone treatment mitigated I/R‐induced pathological alterations, improved renal function, and inhibited ferroptosis. In HK‐2 cells, entacapone treatment significantly reduced the lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation induced by the ferroptosis inducers erastin and RSL3, and significantly regulated expression of ferroptosis‐related proteins. Entacapone upregulates p62 expression and affects the p62‐KEAP1‐NRF2 pathway, thereby upregulating nuclear translocation of NRF2. This action results in increased expression of the downstream SLC7A11, and significant suppression of oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Our results identify entacapone as a ferroptosis inhibitor that enhances antioxidant capacity. Entacapone may serve as a novel strategy to improve treatment of, and recovery from, I/R‐AKI.
Constructing a Pregnancy Loss Cohort From Electronic Health Records [A331]
Authors: Callahan Alison , Leonard Stephanie , Druzin Maurice , Lathi Ruth B. , Murugappan Gayathree 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Pregnancy loss (PL) affects 20% of pregnancies but remains understudied due to imprecise coding and under-capture of PL events in administrative datasets. We sought to develop a method to identify PL from electronic health records (EHR).

METHODS:
We analyzed EHRs using a novel common data model, collected at a single U.S. institution from 2016-2021. Among female patients age 18-45 years with at least one pregnancy, we identified PL events, gravidity, parity, and gestational age (GA) at the time of loss using diagnosis and procedure codes, demographics, and clinical notes.

RESULTS:
Among 53,999 patients, 6,976 (13%) had a record of at least one PL event, for a total of 8,415 PL events. 1,142 (2%) of patients had two or more PL events. 5,947 PL events (71%) had over 1 year of follow-up. A total of 3,119 events (37%) had at least one record of GA at the time of loss. Among these events, 2,317 (74%) occurred at less than 12 weeks GA, 622 (20%) occurred between 12-23 weeks GA, 68 occurred between 24-35 weeks GA (2%), and 112 (4%) occurred after 36 weeks GA. We were able to extract parity information for 1,823 patients; 463 (25%) had additional PL events not captured from diagnosis or procedure codes.

CONCLUSION:
PL can be identified from EHR data and further characterized using variables that are not captured in administrative datasets. Our methods are feasible, scalable, and easily applied across institutions to improve our understanding of PL. Future directions include optimizing our algorithm to increase capture of PL events.
Implementation of Simulation Training to Reduce Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality: A Statewide Experience [A340]
Authors: Tate Danielle , Graves Cornelia , Barker Brenda , Miller Bonnie , Scott Patti , Scott Theresa A. 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
The Joint Commission (JC) recently established guidelines to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this project was to form a state-wide joint obstetrical/neonatal simulation program to address common emergencies and build technical skills for all maternity centers throughout Tennessee.

METHODS:
Birthing facilities attended a 6-hour workshop. Training included didactics on benefits of simulation, JC standards, and debriefing after simulation. Combined maternal/neonatal simulations were performed around hypertension and hemorrhage. Centers received a simulation tool kit including a maternal and infant simulator and instructions on incorporation of simulation training locally.

RESULTS:
A total of 89% of facilities participated in the training, 80% of which were level 1 or 2 and 20% were level 3 or 4. Eighty-three of the 141 participants completed evaluations, with 95% ranking the training as excellent and 99% stating increased confidence in the ability to incorporate simulation training into their facility. Sixty-one percent (n=30) of participating hospitals responded to a post-training survey. There was 27.6% increase in maternal simulation training (72.4% vs. 100%) and 36.7% increase in neonatal simulation training (63.3% vs. 100%, P=.03). Responding hospitals reported positive impact on clinical practice, with 83.3% reporting moderate or major impact. Sixty-nine percent (n=20) reported real-life cases occurring in the quarter following training, with 75% (n=15) moderate-major impact on assessment, 70% (n=14) moderate-major impact on response/management, and 70% (n=14) moderate-major impact on teamwork.

CONCLUSION:
By combining uniformed, evidence-based training with a modifiable approach to suit individual hospital needs, we are confident the implementation of a statewide simulation training program will aid in reducing perinatal morbidity and mortality in Tennessee.
COVID-19 and Its Effect on the Prevalence of Postpartum Anxiety [A306]
Authors: McCracken Johanna , Vozzola Amanda , Vozzola David E. , Roussos-Ross Dikea (Kay) 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Early studies have shown that the prevalence of anxiety-related disorders in pregnant and postpartum women has increased since the onset of COVID-19. Reasons include fear related to the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy and the newborn as well as concern about undergoing delivery without loved ones present. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference in the rates of postpartum anxiety pre– and post–COVID-19 as demonstrated by the EPDS-3A, a modified standardized measure of postpartum anxiety.

METHODS:
A retrospective chart review of 916 randomly selected women who completed a postpartum visit and an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)-3A) screening from April 2019–February 2020 (pre–COVID-19 cohort) and April 2020–February 2021 (post–COVID-19 cohort) was conducted with institutional review board approval. Presence of anxiety-related symptoms was evaluated using the EPDS-3A. Data including EPDS-3A score, demographic information, and medical history were queried. The data from the cohorts were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

RESULTS:
ANOVA showed a significant increase in the EPDS-3A scores for patients in the post– compared to pre–COVID-19 cohort (F (1, 908.06)=23.89, P< .001, η2 = .025). A score of 4 on the EPDS-3A indicated clinically significant anxiety. A greater number of patients scored>4 on the EPDS-3A in the post–COVID-19 cohort (34.8%) compared to the pre–COVID-19 cohort (18.8%).

CONCLUSION:
Postpartum anxiety as identified via the EPDS-3A was significantly more prevalent in the post–COVID-19 cohort. These findings emphasize the importance of screening for postpartum anxiety in addition to postpartum depression, especially in the post–COVID-19 era.
Is COVID-19 Associated With an Increase in Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale Scores Among Postpartum Women? [A307]
Authors: Vozzola Amanda , McCracken Johanna , Vozzola David E. , Roussos-Ross Dikea (Kay) 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Postpartum depression affects approximately 10% to 20% of pregnancies. Recent studies suggest an increased incidence of postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of postpartum depression in a cohort of patients cared for within a tertiary care center before and after the COVID-19 pandemic using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS).

METHODS:
A retrospective chart review of randomly selected patients seen for postpartum care and who completed an EPDS between April 2019–February 2020 (pre–COVID-19 cohort, 448 patients) and April 2020–February 2021 (post–COVID-19 cohort, 468 patients) was conducted with Institutional review board approval. The EPDS scores categorized four levels: <9, 9–11, 12–14, and ≥15, corresponding to negative, mild, moderate, and severe total scores. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared these associations.

RESULTS:
Percentages of pre–COVID-19 cohort patients within each EPDS category above were 64.9%, 17%, 11.6%, and 6.5%, respectively, and for the post–COVID-19 cohort were 36.8%, 31.8%, 18.6%, and 12.8%, respectively. In the post–COVID-19 cohort, ANOVA showed a significant increase in the number of patients with positive total EPDS scores (F(1,895.22)=30.66, P<.001, η2=0.032), in mild EPDS levels (F(1,843.65)=12.24, P<.001, η2=0.013) and severe EPDS levels, (F(1,860.72)=12.26, P<.001, η2=0.013). ANOVA showed no significant difference in the number of patients with moderate EPDS levels.

CONCLUSION:
This study demonstrates a statistically significant increase in EPDS scores in postpartum patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research should be conducted to determine which factors impacted the increase in EPDS scores after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Gynecologic Oncology Patients in Rural Areas Less Likely to Utilize Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic [A318]
Authors: Kuan-Celarier Anna , Wilkerson Marielle , Ali Samira , Maxwell John B. , Holman Laura 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in shifts in clinical care delivery to incorporate more telemedicine services. However, there are concerns regarding limitations of its use with regard to access to and ability to use requisite technology. The purpose of this study was to characterize gynecologic oncology patients who utilized telemedicine in their cancer care in order to determine potential barriers to telemedicine use.

METHODS:
A single institution retrospective chart review of patients who participated in a telemedicine visit from March 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020 at a National Cancer Institute–designated cancer center was completed. institutional review board approval was obtained for the study. Demographic factors were compared between telemedicine users and nonusers using Fisher’s exact test for categorical values and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables.

RESULTS:
Out of 2,238 patients, 193 patients participated in telemedicine visits. There were no significant differences in age, race, primary language, or insurance status. 8.9% of patients with private insurance or Medicaid/Medicare utilized telehealth services, compared to 4.1% of all other patients (P=.0462). The odds of using telemedicine for patients in rural zip codes was 34.6% less than for patients in non-rural zip codes (Odds Ratio 0.654, 95% CI 0.473–0.906).

CONCLUSION:
Telemedicine provides an opportunity to reduce unnecessary patient exposure to healthcare settings and patient financial burden. While 37% of patients seen lived in rural areas, a significantly smaller proportion of telemedicine users lived in rural areas, compared to nonusers (P=.0101). This highlights the importance of identifying barriers to utilizing telemedicine services and developing strategies to improve access.
Systematic Scoping Literature Review of Disparities in Stage of Endometrial Cancer [A321]
Authors: Najor Anna , Melson Valerie , Lyu Junrui , Bakkum-Gamez Jamie , Sherman Mark E. , Destephano Christopher 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Endometrial cancer (EC) in the United States is twice as lethal for Black than White people with a uterus (PWU), partly due to disparities in stage at diagnosis. This systematic scoping review utilizes the Pathway to Treatment framework to identify actionable care and evidence gaps.

METHODS:
The complete protocol was previously published (DOI 10.1186/s13643-021-01649-x). Structured searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were performed. Two reviewers screened abstracts and then full articles for eligibility. Data meeting quality criteria were qualitatively synthesized.

RESULTS:
Out of 2,171 records, 24 were included, with 9 reporting on appraisal, 4 on help seeking, 5 on diagnostic, and 10 on pre-treatment intervals. Study quality ratings were heterogenous, between 3 and 9 per Newcastle-Ottawa, with a median score of 7.0. Based on 2,059 PWU from four studies, no disparities in EC-relevant health literacy were identified. Based on 2,991 PWU from one study, willingness of Black PWU to seek care for EC symptoms was either the same or greater than White PWU. Based on 3,006 PWU from two studies, the physician not disclosing concern for cancer may prolong the diagnostic interval. Based on 743,139 PWU from five studies, the pre-treatment interval is significantly (all P values<.05) longer for Black and Hispanic PWU, those with less insurance coverage, and those with lower socioeconomic status.

CONCLUSION:
The Pathway to Treatment framework operationalized the evidence, revealing when disparities in timeliness occur. Interventions to reduce delays in the diagnostic and pre-treatment Intervals are particularly promising for addressing EC stage disparities.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Thromboembolism in Pregnancy [A275]
Authors: Thomas Jacob , Brewerton Charles , Holmgren Calla , Harrison Rachel 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with vascular disease. The risk for thromboembolism in pregnancy is uncertain. We hypothesize that T1DM is associated with higher rates of thrombotic events in pregnancy.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Inpatient Sample database from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for all of 2018. Pregnant patients with a history of T1DM were compared to those without. The primary outcome was diagnosis of any thrombotic disease (pulmonary embolism [PE], deep vein thrombosis [DVT], cerebral vascular thrombosis [CVT], or other thromboses). Secondary outcomes included diagnosis of each individual type of thrombo-embolic event. Groups were compared via Student's test, Chi-square, and logistic regression analyses, controlling for confounders including age, race, obesity, tobacco use, chronic hypertension, asthma, anemia, and cesarean section.

RESULTS:
A total of 754,721 subjects met criteria. Patients with T1DM encompassed 0.4% of subjects (N=3,307). T1DM subjects were more likely to be younger, non-Hispanic White, obese, tobacco users, chronic hypertensive, and asthmatic and have a history of cesarean delivery (P<.05 for all). They were less likely to be privately insured or in the top income quartile. Thromboembolic events occurred more frequently in those with T1DM (0.5% vs. 0.2%, P<.001). DVT was the most common event (0.3%). After controlling for confounders, T1DM remained associated with any thromboembolic event in pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.39, 95% CI 1.81–6.35), DVT (aOR 4.84, 95% CI 2.15–10.92), PE (aOR 4.87, 95% CI 1.19–19.88), and CVT (aOR 4.30, 95%CI 1.59–11.63).

CONCLUSION:
T1DM is associated with an increased risk of thrombo-embolic events in pregnancy.
Current Knowledge and Use of Mifepristone for Miscarriage in Utah and the Impact of An Educational Video On Future Use [A292]
Authors: Kaiser Jennifer E. , Kurtz Theresa , Glasser Annabah , Brintz Ben , Turok David , Sanders Jessica 
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:
We aimed to 1) describe current use of mifepristone for miscarriage management in Utah, 2) identify predictors of knowledge pre- and post-educational video, and 3) explore post-video impacts on the likelihood to use mifepristone.

METHODS:
Between September 2020 and March 2021 we surveyed Utah clinicians from six specialties offering miscarriage management, recruited through professional organization and hospital listservs. Participants completed a pre-video questionnaire, viewed a 3.5-minute educational video on mifepristone for miscarriage, and completed a post-video questionnaire. We evaluated predictors of high pre-video and improved post-video knowledge using random forest regression conditional importance measures and partial dependency plots. We describe current mifepristone use and post-video effects on likelihood to use mifepristone.

RESULTS:
Of 530 participants, most specialize in emergency medicine (34%) and practice in private settings (51%). Most had heard of mifepristone for any indication (69%), but fewer than half knew of its use for miscarriage (42%). Of the 38% desiring mifepristone use for miscarriage, only 59% reported successful use. Baseline knowledge scores were low (mean=4.81/13 [37%] correct). Important predictors of high pre-video knowledge include prescription or attempted prescription of mifepristone, having heard of mifepristone, providing medication or expectant miscarriage management, and specialty type. Mean post-video knowledge scores improved by 67%. Low pre-video knowledge score and prior prescription or attempted prescription of mifepristone were predictive of improvement. Post-video, 64% stated they are much more or somewhat more likely to use mifepristone.

CONCLUSION:
Among Utah providers, baseline mifepristone knowledge and use are low. An educational video improved knowledge and likelihood of use.