bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid network model based on 3D convolutional neural network and scalable graph convolutional network for hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Wang Xili , Liang Zhengyin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHyperspectral images (HSIs) contain hundreds of continuous spectral bands and are rich in spectral‐spatial information. In terms of HSIs’ classification, traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) extract features based on HSI's spectral‐spatial information through 2D convolution. However, 2D convolution extracts features in 2D plane without considering the relationships between spectral bands, which inevitably leads to insufficient feature extraction. 3D convolutional neural networks (3DCNNs) take account of the correlations among spectral bands and outperform 2D convolutional networks in feature extraction, but the computational cost is rather expensive. To address the above problem, a light‐weight three‐layer 3D convolutional network Module (3D‐M) for HSIs’ spectral‐spatial feature extraction is proposed. Another challenge is that neither 2D convolution nor 3D convolution utilizes the structural information inherent in the data. Graph convolution networks (GCNs) can model and utilize such information through the similarity matrix, also known as adjacency matrix. However, traditional GCNs cannot handle large‐scale data because they construct adjacency matrix on all data, which results in high computational complexity and large storage requirement. To conquer this challenge, this article proposes a batch‐graph strategy on which a scalable GCN is developed. Finally, a hybrid network model (HNM) based on the proposed light‐weight 3D‐M and scalable GCN is presented. HNM extracts spectral‐spatial features of HSIs with low computational complexity through the light‐weight 3D convolution network and leverages the structural information in data via the scalable GCN. The experimental results on three public datasets with different sizes demonstrate that the proposed HNM produces better classification results than other state‐of‐the‐art hyperspectral images classification models in terms of overall accuracy (OA), average accuracy (AA) and kappa coefficient (Kappa).
Wind farm array cable layout optimisation for complex offshore sites—A decomposition based heuristic approach
Authors: Taylor Peter , Yue Hong , Campos‐Gaona David , Anaya‐Lara Olimpo , Jia Chunjiang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAs the number of turbines in offshore wind farms increases, so does the complexity of cable routing optimisation problems. Optimising the collector network is a crucial task for developers contributing between 15% and 30% of initial investment costs. For some algorithms, increasing the number of turbines leads to unfavourable scaling of the computational time and memory required to reach optimal solutions. Heuristics offer an alternative but are likely to incur increases in total costs relative to the optimal solution since heuristic searching cannot guarantee optimality. This study proposes a novel optimisation algorithm based on the ant‐colony heuristic by introducing decomposition techniques informed by the problem formulation to improve the computational performance. The new algorithm can reach near‐optimal solutions and requires little computational resource. Three algorithms are compared on a set of six case studies, including mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP), classical ant‐colony optimisation (ACO) algorithm, and the proposed ACO with decomposition, ACOsp. Optimal solutions were found using the MILP algorithm. ACO algorithm solutions cost 0.4–7.6% more than optimal solutions, whereas ACOsp solutions cost only 0.0–1.4% more than optimal solutions. The proposed ACOsp algorithm has shown to be a robust approach for large‐scale cable layout optimisation problems (>100 turbines) without requiring high‐performance computing facilities.
Track‐Before‐Resolving: Doppler ambiguity resolution at low SNR
Authors: Shin Sang‐Jin , Kim Eun Hee 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study introduces a new scheme for resolving the ambiguity in a pulse‐Doppler radar. While ambiguity resolution is typically performed before tracking, the proposed approach, Track‐Before‐Resolving, is resolving ambiguity utilising tracking filters. A specific Doppler ambiguity resolution algorithm is provided for demonstrating that the Track‐Before‐Resolving method is useful. In order to resolve the ambiguity, which is equivalent to finding the ambiguity number, this algorithm investigates the maximum probability calculated in the multiple model estimation, each with a tracking filter of a different ambiguity number. Simulation shows that the proposed algorithm performs effectively, even at low SNR.
Structure and kinematics of a massive galaxy at z ∼ 7
Authors: Posses A. C. , Aravena M. , González-López J. , Assef R. J. , Lambert T. , Jones G. C. , Bouwens R. J. , Brisbin D. , Díaz-Santos T. , Herrera-Camus R. , Ricci C. , Smit R. 
Published: September 2022

Context. Observations of the rest-frame UV emission of high-redshift galaxies suggest that the early stages of galaxy formation involve disturbed structures. Imaging the cold interstellar medium (ISM) can provide a unique view of the kinematics associated with the assembly of galaxies.
Aims. In this paper, we analyze the spatial distribution and kinematics of the cold ionized gas of the normal star-forming galaxy COS-2987030247 at z = 6.8076, based on new high-resolution observations of the [C II] 158 μm line emission obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).
Methods. The analysis of these observations allowed us to: compare the spatial distribution and extension of the [C II] and rest-frame UV emission, model the [C II] line data-cube using the 3DBAROLO code, and measure the [C II] luminosity and star formation rate (SFR) surface densities in the galaxy subregions.
Results. The system is found to be composed of a main central source, a fainter north extension, and candidate [C II] companions located 10-kpc away. We find similar rest-frame UV and [C II] spatial distributions, suggesting that the [C II] emission emerges from the star-forming regions. The agreement between the UV and [C II] surface brightness radial profiles rules out diffuse, extended [C II] emission (often called a [C II] halo) in the main galaxy component. The [C II] velocity map reveals a velocity gradient in the north-south direction, suggesting ordered motion, as commonly found in rotating-disk galaxies. However, higher resolution observations would be needed to rule out a compact merger scenario. Our model indicates an almost face-on galaxy (i ∼ 20°), with a average rotational velocity of 86 ± 16 km s−1 and a low average velocity dispersion, σ < 30 km s−1. This result implies a dispersion lower than the expected value from observations and semi-analytic models of high redshift galaxies. Furthermore, our measurements indicate that COS-2987030247 and its individual regions systematically lie within the local L[CII]-SFR relationship, yet slightly below the local Σ[CII]-ΣUV relation.
Conclusions. We argue that COS-2987030247 is a candidate rotating disk experiencing a short period of stability which will possibly become perturbed at later times by accreting sources.
Scrutinising the relationship between plage areas and sunspot areas and numbers
Authors: Chatzistergos Theodosios , Ermolli Ilaria , Krivova Natalie A. , Barata Teresa , Carvalho Sara , Malherbe Jean-Marie 
Published: September 2022

Context.Studies and reconstructions of past solar activity require data on all magnetic regions on the surface of the Sun (i.e. on dark sunspots as well as bright faculae–plage and network). Such data are also important for understanding the magnetic activity and variability of the Sun and Sun-like stars. The longest available direct faculae–plage datasets are white-light facular and Ca IIK observations going back to 1874 and 1892, respectively. Prior to that time the only direct data available are for sunspots.Aims.We reassess the relationship between plage areas and sunspot records (areas and numbers) since 1892, to allow reconstructions of facular–plage areas which can be employed for studies going further back in time to the period when solely sunspot observations are available.Methods.We use the plage areas derived from 38 consistently processed Ca IIK archives as well as the plage area composite based on these archives. The considered archives include both the well-known observatories (e.g. Coimbra, Kodaikanal, Meudon, Mt Wilson), and the less explored observatories (e.g. Kharkiv, Mees, and Upice). These data allow us to study the relationship between plage area and sunspot records (areas and number) over a period of 12 solar cycles and for different bandpasses.Results.We find the relationship between plage and sunspot areas to be well represented by a power-law function; the relationship between the plage areas and the sunspot number is also best fit with a power-law function. We further find that the relationships depend on the bandwidth and the solar cycle strength. The reconstructions with a power-law relationship are in good agreement with the original plage area series, whereas employment of a cycle-strength-dependent relationship improves the reconstructions only marginally. We also estimate the error in the plage areas reconstructed from the sunspot areas or numbers. Performing the same analysis on other previously published plage area series, usually derived from a single archive with diverse processing techniques, returns different results when using different time series. This highlights the importance of applying a consistent processing to the various archives and demonstrates the uncertainties introduced by using previously published series for studies of past solar activity, including irradiance reconstructions.Conclusions.Our results have implications for past solar activity and irradiance reconstructions and for stellar activity studies, which sometimes assume a linear dependence between plage and sunspot areas.
Best Practice Guideline – Empfehlungen der DEGUM zur Durchführung und Beurteilung der Mammasonografie – TEIL I – Untersuchungstechnik, Ultraschall-DEGUM-Kriterien und deren Dokumentation
Authors: Bader Werner , Vogel-Minea Claudia Maria , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Duda Volker , Eichler Christian , Fallenberg Eva , Farrokh André , Golatta Michael , Gruber Ines , Hackelöer Bernhard-Joachim , Heil Jörg , Madjar Helmut , Marzotko Ellen , Merz Eberhard , Müller-Schimpfle Markus , Mundinger Alexander , Ohlinger Ralf , Peisker Uwe , Schäfer Fritz K. W. , Schulz-Wendtland Ruediger , Solbach Christine , Warm Mathias , Watermann Dirk , Wojcinski Sebastian , Hahn Markus 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Mammasonografie hat sich seit vielen Jahren neben der Mammografie als wichtige Methode zur Abklärung von Brustbefunden etabliert. Problematisch bleiben jedoch Unterschiede in der Interpretation von Befunden 1
2. Dies vermindert die diagnostische Treffsicherheit der Sonografie nach Detektion eines Befundes, erschwert die interdisziplinäre Kommunikation und den Vergleich von wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten 3. Das American College of Radiology (ACR) hatte 1999 eine Arbeitsgruppe gebildet (International Expert Working Group), die auf der Basis der langjährig etablierten BI-RADS-Klassifizierung von mammografischen Befunden und unter Berücksichtigung von Literaturdaten eine ähnliche Einteilung für die Ultraschalluntersuchung erarbeitet hatte 4. Aufgrund inhaltlicher Unterschiede hatte die DEGUM bereits 2006 einen eigenen BI-RADS-analogen Kriterienkatalog publiziert 3. Die aktuelle 5. Edition des ACR-BI-RADS-Katalogs offenbart neben diesen weiterhin bestehenden inhaltlichen Unterschieden zudem das Problem der formalen Lizenzierung, wird aber inhaltlich von der DEGUM als weiteres Befundbeschreibungs- und Dokumentationssystem anerkannt.Der Arbeitskreis Mammasonografie der DEGUM beabsichtigt mit der „Best Practice Guideline“, den senologisch tätigen Kolleginnen und Kollegen einen aktuellen Dignitätskriterien- und Befundungskatalog sowie „Best Practice“-Empfehlungen zu den verschiedenen Modalitäten an die Hand zu geben.
Persönlichkeitsstörungen und Sucht
Authors: Walter Marc , Pichler Eva-Maria 
Published: September 2022

ZusammenfassungIn der Klinik kommen Suchterkrankungen bei Patient:innen mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen häufig vor. Bei etwa jeder zweiten Persönlichkeitsstörung kann eine komorbide Suchterkrankung diagnostiziert werden. Bei Patient:innen mit einer Drogenabhängigkeit scheint eine komorbide Persönlichkeitsstörung etwas häufiger als bei der Alkoholabhängigkeit aufzutreten. Eine besonders häufige Assoziation wurde zwischen Cluster-B-Persönlichkeitsstörungen (DSM-5) und einer komorbiden Suchterkrankung gefunden.In der Behandlung der Komorbidität sollte der Grundsatz gelten, dass beide Störungsbilder beachtet und gemeinsam behandelt werden. Ist die Persönlichkeitsproblematik im Vordergrund, werden insbesondere störungsspezifische Psychotherapien mit Erfolg angewandt (z. B. Dialektisch-Behaviorale Therapie DBT, Übertragungsfokussierte Therapie TFP, Mentalisierungsbasierte Therapie MBT, Schematherapie). Ist die Suchtproblematik klinisch führend, kommen derzeit neben pharmakologischen Behandlungen vorrangig suchtspezifische Interventionen, wie die Motivierende Gesprächsführung oder die Rückfallprävention zum Einsatz. Bei evidenzbasierter Behandlung ist die Prognose wahrscheinlich günstiger als dies in Studien bisher berichtet wurde.
New Computerized Elbow and Forearm Clinical Scores
Authors: Herzberg Guillaume , Burnier Marion , Ly Lyliane , Nakamura Toshiyatsu 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Current elbow clinical scores are scarce with limited comparability between them. None of them are computerized yet. There is no forearm clinical score assessing all anatomical components of forearm disorders such as the Essex-Lopresti injuries. The aims of this paper were to present new computerized elbow and forearm clinical scores.
Methods These new computerized elbow and forearm clinical scores include four clinical criteria: pain, function, active range of motion and muscle strength. To each criterion is given a numerical value among 5 grades. The weight of each criterion is equivalent so that patient's and physician's related scores are equally balanced.
Results Clinical scores components are automatically included into diamond-shape graphs and tables that can be directly exported into PowerPoint presentations for demonstration and comparison purposes.
Discussion These user-friendly updatable clinical elbow and forearm scores are based on four classic clinical criteria, pain, function, motion, and strength that are expressed into grades. They were designed to evaluate any osteoarticular elbow or forearm disorder regardless of the etiology. These scores are open since they may be modified in future versions.
Reducing Tourniquet Pressures in Hand Surgery: Are Lower Pressures as Effective?
Authors: Azad Ali , Sager Brian , Gupta Salil , Ayalon Omri , Paksima Nader 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Pneumatic tourniquets are widely used in hand surgery. Elevated pressures can be associated with complications, and thus, guidelines based on patient-specific tourniquet pressures have been recommended. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether lower tourniquet values based on systolic blood pressure (SBP) could be effectively applied in upper extremity surgery.
Methods A prospective case series of 107 consecutive patients undergoing upper extremity surgery with use of a pneumatic tourniquet was performed. Tourniquet pressure used was based on the patient's SBP. The tourniquet was inflated based on our predetermined guidelines: 60 mm Hg was added for SBP < 130 mm Hg, 80 mm Hg for SBP between 131 and 190 mm Hg, and 100 mm Hg for SBP > 191 mm Hg. The outcome measures included intraoperative tourniquet adjustment, surgeon-rated quality of bloodless operative field and complications.
Results The mean tourniquet pressure was 183 ± 26 mm Hg with a mean tourniquet time of 34 minutes (range: 2–120 minutes). There were no instances of intraoperative tourniquet adjustment. The surgeon-rated quality of bloodless operative field was excellent in all patients. No complications were associated with the use of a tourniquet.
Conclusion Tourniquet inflation pressure based on SBP is an effective method to provide a bloodless surgical field in upper extremity surgery at significantly lower inflation pressures than are the current standards.
Risk Factors Associated with Adverse Outcomes after Ablative Surgery for Lymphedema
Authors: Kuruvilla Annet S. , Shroyer Annie Laurie W. , Li Xiaoning , Yang Jie , Mulay Sagar R. , Agha Sohaib M. , Bellis Raymond M. , Kohli Harmehar K. , Tannous Henry J. , Krajewski Aleksandra 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background Postmastectomy breast cancer lymphedema poses an important health threat. Historically, physical therapy was the exclusive treatment option. More recently, lymphedema surgery has revolutionized care. As a first-in-kind, multicenter report, the postmastectomy breast cancer patients' risk factors associated with postlymphedema ablative surgical outcomes were documented.
Methods Using the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database from 2010 to 2018, multivariable models identified the postmastectomy breast cancer lymphedema surgical patients' characteristics associated with major adverse outcomes and mortality.
Results Of 65,543 postmastectomy breast cancer patients, 1,052 lymphedema surgical procedures were performed including 393 (37.4%) direct excisions and 659 (63.6%) liposuctions. Direct excision and liposuction surgical patients had median ages of 58 and 52 years, respectfully (p < 0.001). Although a 30-day operative mortality was rare (0.3%, all direct excisions), major adverse outcomes occurred in 154 patients (28.5% direct excision; 6.4% liposuction; p < 0.0001). Multivariable clinical outcomes model identified that patients with higher Elixhauser's score, renal disease, emergent admissions, and direct excision surgery had higher incidences of adverse outcomes (all p < 0.01). For those patients with 30-day readmissions (n = 60), they were more likely to have undergone direct excision versus liposuction (12.5 vs. 1.7%; p < 0.0001). The important risk factors predictive of future cellulitis/lymphangitis development included diabetes mellitus, Medicaid insurance, renal disease, prior cellulitis/lymphangitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and chronic steroid use (all p < 0.01).
Conclusion Lymphedema surgery carries a favorable risk profile, but better understanding the “high-risk” patients is critical. As this new era of lymphedema surgery progresses, evaluating the characteristics for adverse postoperative outcomes is an important step in our evolution of knowledge.
Surgical Management of Patellar Tendinopathy Results in Improved Outcomes and High Rates of Return to Sport: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cognetti Daniel J. , Sheean Andrew J. , Arner Justin W. , Wilkerson Devaughn , Bradley James P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough the majority of patients with patellar tendinopathy (PT) can be treated nonoperatively, operative management may be indicated for recalcitrant cases. While several surgical techniques have been described, there is limited understanding of postoperative outcomes and expectations regarding return to activity and sport. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical outcomes associated with the surgical management of PT with an emphasis on return to sport (RTS) rates. We hypothesized that surgical management would lead to clinically important improvements in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) with high rates of RTS and RTS at the same level. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases was performed in December 2020. Level of evidence studies I through IV, investigating results of surgical management for PT (PRO, functional outcomes, pain, and/or RTS), were included. The search was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Forty clinical studies reporting on surgery for PT satisfied inclusion criteria, with 1,238 total knees undergoing surgery for PT. A comparison of pre- and postoperative Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment, patellar tendon (VISA-P) scores (mean difference: 41.89, p < 0.00001), Lysholm scores (mean difference: 41.52, p < 0.00001), and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores (mean difference: 5, p < 0.00001) demonstrated clinically and statistically significant improvements after surgery. The overall RTS rate following operative management was 89.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86.4–92.8, I 2 = 56.5%) with 76.1% (95% CI: 69.7.5–81.9, I 2 = 76.4%) of athletes returning to the same level of activity. Surgery for PT provides meaningful improvement in patient reported outcomes and pain while allowing athletes to RTS at high rates with levels of participation similar to that of preinjury. Comparative studies of open and/or arthroscopic surgery are still limited but current evidence suggests better rates of RTS for arthroscopic surgery compared with open surgery. This is a systematic review of level-I to -IV studies.
Determination of the background doping polarity for unintentionally doped AlGaAsSb and AlInAsSb avalanche photodiodes on InP substrates
Authors: Schwartz M. , Kodati S. H. , Lee S. , Jung H. , Chen D. , Grein C. H. , Ronningen T. J. , Campbell J. C. , Krishna S. 
Published: September 2022

Background doping polarity is a critical design parameter for the performance of many optoelectronic devices, including avalanche photodiodes. We have applied a technique by using capacitance–voltage (CV) measurements on double mesa structures with a p-i-n or n-i-p homojunction to determine the background polarity type of the unintentionally doped intrinsic region. Because CV measurements scale with the size of the mesa, they support design flexibility in producing variable-sized top and bottom mesa diameters. In this work, we grew, fabricated, and tested AlGaAsSb and AlInAsSb random alloy double mesa p-i-n structures and undertook CV measurements at 295, 150, and 77 K. It was found that the capacitance varied with the top mesa diameter for both material systems, and not the bottom mesa diameter, indicating that the unintentionally doped intrinsic region is n-type in nature.
Quantifying electron temperature distributions from time-integrated x-ray emission spectra
Authors: MacDonald M. J. , Liedahl D. A. , Brown G. V. , Åberg D. , Cliche D. T. , Foord M. E. , Grabowski P. E. , Heeter R. F. , Hoarty D. J. , London R. A. , Martin M. E. , Nilsen J. , Patel M. V. , Scott H. A. , Shepherd R. , Whitley H. D. , Widmann K. 
Published: September 2022

K-shell x-ray emission spectroscopy is a standard tool used to diagnose the plasma conditions created in high-energy-density physics experiments. In the simplest approach, the emissivity-weighted average temperature of the plasma can be extracted by fitting an emission spectrum to a single temperature condition. It is known, however, that a range of plasma conditions can contribute to the measured spectra due to a combination of the evolution of the sample and spatial gradients. In this work, we define a parameterized model of the temperature distribution and use Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling of the input parameters, yielding uncertainties in the fit parameters to assess the uniqueness of the inferred temperature distribution. We present the analysis of time-integrated S and Fe x-ray spectroscopic data from the Orion laser facility and demonstrate that while fitting each spectral region to a single temperature yields two different temperatures, both spectra can be fit simultaneously with a single temperature distribution. We find that fitting both spectral regions together requires a maximum temperature of 1310−70+90 eV with significant contributions from temperatures down to 200 eV.