bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soat2 ties cholesterol metabolism to β‐oxidation and glucose tolerance in male mice
Authors: Pramfalk Camilla , Ahmed Osman , Pedrelli Matteo , Minniti Mirko E. , Luquet Serge , Denis Raphaël GP , Olin Maria , Härdfeldt Jennifer , Vedin Lise‐Lotte , Steffensen Knut R , Rydén Mikael , Hodson Leanne , Eriksson Mats , Parini Paolo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundSterol O‐acyltransferase 2 (Soat2) encodes acyl‐coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), which synthesizes cholesteryl esters in hepatocytes and enterocytes fated either to storage or to secretion into nascent triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins.ObjectivesWe aimed to unravel the molecular mechanisms leading to reduced hepatic steatosis when Soat2 is depleted in mice.MethodsSoat2−/− and wild‐type mice were fed a high‐fat, a high‐carbohydrate, or a chow diet, and parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism were assessed.ResultsGlucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), and insulin tolerance tests significantly improved in Soat2−/− mice, irrespective of the dietary regimes (2‐way ANOVA). The significant positive correlations between area under the curve (AUC) OGTT (r = 0.66, p < 0.05), serum fasting insulin (r = 0.86, p < 0.05), HOMA‐IR (r = 0.86, p < 0.05), Adipo‐IR (0.87, p < 0.05), hepatic triglycerides (TGs) (r = 0.89, p < 0.05), very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL)‐TG (r = 0.87, p < 0.05) and the hepatic cholesteryl esters in wild‐type mice disappeared in Soat2−/− mice. Genetic depletion of Soat2 also increased whole‐body oxidation by 30% (p < 0.05) compared to wild‐type mice.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that ACAT2‐generated cholesteryl esters negatively affect the metabolic control by retaining TG in the liver and that genetic inhibition of Soat2 improves liver steatosis via partitioning of lipids into secretory (VLDL‐TG) and oxidative (fatty acids) pathways.
The anti‐tax‐avoidance directive: An initiative to successfully curb profit shifting?
Authors: Paulus Nora Alice 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOn July 2016 the Economic and Financial Council of the European Union adopted the Anti‐Tax‐Avoidance Directive (ATAD). The proposed controlled‐foreign‐company (CFC) rule in the ATAD requires a minimum tax rate in the host country of a multinational's controlled‐foreign subsidiary to avoid the reattribution of the subsidiary's income to the country of its parent company. The Directive allows member states to remain free to set the CFC threshold autonomously by laying down a minimum standard. Member states can thus either opt for a loose CFC rule by setting the minimum required control threshold (i.e., 50% of the country's own corporate income tax rate) or impose a tight CFC rule by applying a higher threshold. Against this background, the present paper analyses the effect of CFC rules on tax competition for foreign direct investments. It appears that, although CFC rules are effective in curbing offshore profit shifting, they can induce nonhavens to compete aggressively for mobile capital. In this context, CFC rules can exacerbate capital outflows from the large to the small country to a larger extent than in standard models of tax competition. Moreover, the paper highlights that governments choose between two extreme options when deciding on their CFC rule. Either they opt for the lowest or the highest possible control threshold.
Bioactive compound isolated from Conyza canadensis combined with physical treatments for the control of green mould in Orange
Authors: Terao Daniel , Queiroz Sonia Claudia Nascimento , Maia Aline de Holanda Nunes 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGreen mould, caused by Penicillium digitatum, is the major postharvest disease of citrus in all producing countries. The control of this disease is carried out by fungicides in postharvest treatments, which can leave toxic residues in fruits. Therefore, the interest in cleaner technologies and alternatives to the use of fungicides, such as biopesticides, has grown in recent years. Conyza canadensis, an herbaceous weed spread all over the world, contains compounds which have significant activity against P. digitatum. Thus, the present research aimed to evaluate (4Z)‐lachnophyllum lactone (LACH), isolated from C. canadensis, in combination with hot water brushing (HWB) and UV‐C treatments, to control green mould and to preserve the quality of the fruit. LACH efficiently controlled green mould in orange cv. Valencia. The level of control improved from 24% to 42% according to the dose of LACH adopted, ranging from 10 to 100 µg ml−1 respectively. When in combination with HWB or UV‐C, the efficiency of the control was enhanced from 50% to 78% with the lowest dose of LACH (10 µg ml−1) and UV‐C at 1.5 kJ m−2, which showed no significant difference when the highest dose of LACH (100 µg ml−1) was applied alone. This treatment delayed the onset of the disease symptoms. A biofungicide based on C. canadensis combined with UV‐C and HWB is a potential natural control of green mould.
Rights and obligations in Cambridge social ontology
Authors: Slade‐Caffarel Yannick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRights and obligations—sometimes referred to as deontology or deontic powers—are key to most contemporary conceptions of social ontology. Both Cambridge Social Ontology and the dominant analytic conception associated, most prominently, with John Searle, place rights and obligations at the centre of their accounts. Such a common emphasis has led some to consider deontology to be a point of similarity between these different theories. This is a mistake. In this paper, I show that a distinctive conception of rights and obligations underpins Cambridge Social Ontology and its social positioning theory. Moreover, I argue that a fuller understanding of the account of rights and obligations defended in Cambridge in fact reveals that it can be differentiated from other conceptions and, most importantly, Searle's, by its recognition that a practical dimension is always involved in social constitution.
Match Theory: An overview
Authors: Ishihara Shinichiro , Kalivoda Nick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper introduces Match Theory, an Optimality‐Theoretic approach to the syntax–phonology interface proposed by Selkirk (2011). The theory states that a family of Matchconstraints favor syntax–prosody isomorphism, but that these can be outranked by constraints on prosodic wellformedness and/or information structure, resulting in certain principled mismatches. We compare Match Theory to previous OT approaches involving edge‐alignment, and discuss several outstanding issues for Match Theory such as the proper treatment of asymmetries in syntax–prosody matching.
A permineralized Early Cretaceous lycopsid from China and the evolution of crown clubmosses
Authors: Herrera Fabiany , Testo Weston L. , Field Ashley R. , Clark Elizabeth G. , Herendeen Patrick S. , Crane Peter R. , Shi Gongle 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Lycopodiaceae are one of three surviving families of lycopsids, a lineage of vascular plants with a fossil history dating to at least the Early Devonian or perhaps the Late Silurian (c. 415 Ma). Many fossils have been linked to crown Lycopodiaceae, but the lack of well‐preserved material has hindered definitive recognition of this group in the paleobotanical record.

New, exceptionally well‐preserved permineralized lycopsid fossils from the Early Cretaceous (125.6 ± 1.0 Ma) of Inner Mongolia, China, were examined in detail using acetate peel and micro‐computed tomography techniques. The anatomy of extant Lycopodiaceae was analyzed for comparison using fluorescence microscopy. Phylogenetic relationships of the new fossil to extant Lycopodiaceae were evaluated using parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses.

Lycopodicaulis oellgaardii gen. et sp. nov. provides the earliest unequivocal and best‐documented evidence of crown Lycopodiaceae and Lycopodioideae, based on anatomically‐preserved fossil material.

Recognition of Lycopodicaulis in Asia during the Early Cretaceous indicates the presence of crown Lycopodiaceae at this time, and striking similarities of stem anatomy with extant species provide a framework for the understanding of the interaction of branching and vascular anatomy in crown‐group lycopsids.
Divergence of active site motifs among different classes of Populus glutaredoxins results in substrate switches
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Zhen , Jiang Peng‐Fei , Zhao Li , Qu Chang , Van de Peer Yves , Liu Yan‐Jing , Zeng Qing‐Yin 
Published: January 2022

SUMMARYEnzymes are essential components of all biological systems. The key characteristics of proteins functioning as enzymes are their substrate specificities and catalytic efficiencies. In plants, most genes encoding enzymes are members of large gene families. Within such families, the contributions of active site motifs to the functional divergence of duplicate genes have not been well elucidated. In this study, we identified 41 glutaredoxin (GRX) genes in the Populus trichocarpa genome. GRXs are ubiquitous enzymes in plants that play important roles in developmental and stress tolerance processes. In poplar, GRX genes were divided into four classes based on clear differences in gene structure and expression pattern, subcellular localization, enzymatic activity, and substrate specificity of the encoded proteins. Using site‐directed mutagenesis, this study revealed that the divergence of the active site motif among different classes of GRX proteins resulted in substrate switches and thus provided new insights into the molecular evolution of these important plant enzymes.
A Comparison of Physiological Response to Incremental Testing on Stationary and Dynamic Rowing Ergometers
Authors: Boland Marie , Crotty Nora May , Mahony Nick , Donne Bernard , Fleming Neil 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to compare responses to graded exercise testing (GXT) on 2 popular commercial rowing ergometers. Methods: A cohort of 23 subelite male rowers (age 20 [2] y, height 1.88 [0.06] m, body mass 82.0 [8.8] kg) performed a GXT on both stationary (Concept2 [C2]) and dynamic (RowPerfect3 [RP3]) rowing ergometers. Physiological responses including oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLa), stroke rate (SR), and minute ventilation (VE) were recorded. BLa data were plotted graphically and anaerobic threshold was identified using the Dmax method. Workload, HR, and VO2 at Dmax were interpolated. Physiological responses at maximal exercise and at Dmax were compared, along with response across a discrete range of submaximal workloads. Results: At maximal exercise, no significant differences in HR, VO2, or BLa were observed (P > .05); however, VEpeak was significantly higher during RP3 tests (T = 2.943, P < .05). No significant differences in HR, VO2, or BLa at Dmax were observed (P > .05). When comparing across submaximal workloads, HR was significantly higher with the RP3 at 2 distinct workloads (210 and 240 W; P < .05), while SR was higher during RP3 testing at all workloads (F = 56.7, P < .05). When SR was fixed as a covariate, the effect of ergometer on HR response was not significant. A significant workload by ergometer interaction effect was observed for SR with higher data recorded on the RP3 (F = 3.48, P < .01). Levels of agreement for GXT-derived measures of anaerobic threshold (Dmax) were deemed unacceptable. Conclusions: These results indicate that while some differences in HR and VE response were observed between ergometers, these differences were a result of SR alterations between ergometer type. While no differences in response at Dmax were observed, the poor levels of agreement between ergometers suggests that prescription of GXT-derived threshold for training should ideally be specific to the rowing ergometer upon which the test was performed.
A growing disadvantage of being born in an urban area? Analysing urban–rural disparities in neonatal mortality in 21 African countries with a focus on Tanzania
Authors: Norris Megan , Klabbers Gonnie , Pembe Andrea B , Hanson Claudia , Baker Ulrika , Aung Kyaw , Mmweteni Mary , Mfaume Rashid S , Beňová Lenka 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionNeonatal mortality rate (NMR) has been declining in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, where historically rural areas had higher NMR compared with urban. The 2015–2016 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in Tanzania showed an exacerbation of an existing pattern with significantly higher NMR in urban areas. The objective of this study is to understand this disparity in SSA countries and examine the specific factors potentially underlying this association in Tanzania.MethodsWe assessed urban–rural NMR disparities among 21 SSA countries with four or more DHS, at least one of which was before 2000, using the DHS StatCompiler. For Tanzania DHS 2015–2016, descriptive statistics were carried out disaggregated by urban and rural areas, followed by bivariate and multivariable logistic regression modelling the association between urban/rural residence and neonatal mortality, adjusting for other risk factors.ResultsAmong 21 countries analysed, Tanzania was the only SSA country where urban NMR (38 per 1000 live births) was significantly higher than rural (20 per 1,000), with largest difference during first week of life. We analysed NMR on the 2015–2016 Tanzania DHS, including live births to 9736 women aged between 15 and 49 years. Several factors were significantly associated with higher NMR, including multiplicity of pregnancy, being the first child, higher maternal education, and male child sex. However, their inclusion did not attenuate the effect of urban–rural differences in NMR. In multivariable models, urban residence remained associated with double the odds of neonatal mortality compared with rural.ConclusionThere is an urgent need to understand the role of quality of facility-based care, including role of infections, and health-seeking behaviour in case of neonatal illness at home. However, additional factors might also be implicated and higher NMR within urban areas of Tanzania may signal a shift in the pattern of neonatal mortality across several other SSA countries.
Codeveloping an effective EMPA to maturity in an acute NHS Trust: an implementer report
Authors: Silva Geeth , Bourne Tim , Hall Graeme , Patel Shriyam , Rauf Mohammed Qasim , Vogel Aaron , Carruthers Andrew , Xu Gang 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionUniversity Hospitals Leicester has codeveloped, with Nervecentre, an Electronic Prescribing and Medicines Administration System that meets specific clinical and interoperability demands of the National Health Service (NHS).MethodsThe system was developed through a frontline-led and agile approach with a project team consisting of clinicians, Information Technology (IT) specialists and the vendor’s representatives over an 18-month period.ResultsThe system was deployed successfully with more than a thousand transcriptions during roll-out. Despite the high caseload and novelty of the system, there was no increase in error rates within the first 3 months of roll-out. Healthcare professionals perceived the new system as efficient with improved clinical workflow, and safe through an integrated medication alert system.DiscussionThis case study demonstrates how NHS trusts can successfully co-develop, with vendors, new IT systems which meet interoperability standards such as Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources, while improving front line clinical experience.ConclusionAlternative methods to the ‘big bang’ deployment of IT projects, such as ‘gradual implementation’, must be demonstrated and evaluated for their ability to deliver digital transformation projects in the NHS successfully.
Ethical analysis examining the prioritisation of living donor transplantation in times of healthcare rationing
Authors: Kulkarni Sanjay , Flescher Andrew , Ahmad Mahwish , Bayliss George , Bearl David , Biondi Lynsey , Davis Earnest , George Roshan , Gordon Elisa , Lyons Tania , Wightman Aaron , Ladin Keren 
Published: January 2022

The transplant community has faced unprecedented challenges balancing risks of performing living donor transplants during the COVID-19 pandemic with harms of temporarily suspending these procedures. Decisions regarding postponement of living donation stem from its designation as an elective procedure, this despite that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services categorise transplant procedures as tier 3b (high medical urgency—do not postpone). In times of severe resource constraints, health systems may be operating under crisis or contingency standards of care. In this manuscript, the United Network for Organ Sharing Ethics Workgroup explores prioritisation of living donation where health systems operate under contingency standards of care and provide a framework with recommendations to the transplant community on how to approach living donation in these circumstances.To guide the transplant community in future decisions, this analysis suggests that: (1) living donor transplants represent an important option for individuals with end-stage liver and kidney disease and should not be suspended uniformly under contingency standards, (2) exposure risk to SARS-CoV-2 should be balanced with other risks, such as exposure risks at dialysis centres. Because many of these risks are not quantifiable, donors and recipients should be included in discussions on what constitutes acceptable risk, (3) transplant hospitals should strive to maintain a critical transplant workforce and avoid diverting expertise, which could negatively impact patient preparedness for transplant, (4) transplant hospitals should consider implementing protocols to ensure early detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections and discuss these measures with donors and recipients in a process of shared decision-making.
Estimating target strength of young chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta)
Authors: Minami Kenji , Shirakawa Hokuto , Kawauchi Yohei , Shao Huamei , Tomiyasu Makoto , Iwahara Yuka , Tsuda Yuichi , Takahara Hideo , Zhu Yanhui , Miyashita Kazushi 
Published: January 2022

Although chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) is an important fishery resource in Japan, acoustic methods cannot be applied to biomass estimation because the target strength (TS) is unknown. This study clarified the TS for each fork length (FL: 5.5–33.5 cm) of young chum salmon inhabiting the Japanese coastal area to the Bering Sea by measuring free-swimming fish. The size dependences of the TS values were TSmean = 20 log10 FL – 68.0, for both 38 and 120 kHz. This facilitated the estimation of biomass of young salmon using acoustic methods.
Detection and tracking of belugas, kayaks and motorized boats in drone video using deep learning
Authors: Harasyn Madison L. , Chan Wayne S. , Ausen Emma L. , Barber David G. 
Published: January 2022

Aerial imagery surveys are commonly used in marine mammal research to determine population size, distribution and habitat use. Analysis of aerial photos involves hours of manually identifying individuals present in each image and converting raw counts into useable biological statistics. Our research proposes the use of deep learning algorithms to increase the efficiency of the marine mammal research workflow. To test the feasibility of this proposal, the existing YOLOv4 convolutional neural network model was trained to detect belugas, kayaks and motorized boats in oblique drone imagery, collected from a stationary tethered system. Automated computer-based object detection achieved the following precision and recall, respectively, for each class: beluga = 74%/72%; boat = 97%/99%; and kayak = 96%/96%. We then tested the performance of computer vision tracking of belugas and occupied watercraft in drone videos using the DeepSORT tracking algorithm, which achieved a multiple-object tracking accuracy (MOTA) ranging from 37% to 88% and multiple object tracking precision (MOTP) between 63% and 86%. Results from this research indicate that deep learning technology can detect and track features more consistently than human annotators, allowing for larger datasets to be processed within a fraction of the time while avoiding discrepancies introduced by labeling fatigue or multiple human annotators.
Evaluation of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction with Hypertension by Dynamic Electrocardiogram Feature Data
Authors: Wang Guoqiang , Wang Yu , Zhao Ru 
Published: January 2022

This work was to study the application value of dynamic electrocardiogram (ECG) feature data in evaluating the curative effect of percutaneous coronary intervention in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with hypertension, so as to facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. In this study, 90 patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction accompanied by hypertension were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into group A (oral aspirin antiplatelet therapy), group B (thrombolytic drug streptokinase (SK) therapy), and group C (percutaneous coronary intervention), with 30 cases in each group. In addition, a P-wave detection algorithm was introduced for automatic detection and analysis of electrocardiograms, and the efficacy of patients was assessed by Holter feature data based on the P-wave detection algorithm. The results showed that the diagnostic error rate, sensitivity, and predictive accuracy of the P-wave detection algorithm for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction caused by acute occlusion of left main coronary artery (LMCA) were 0.24%, 95.41%, and 92.33%, respectively; the diagnostic error rate, sensitivity, and predictive accuracy for non-LMCA (nLMCA) ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were 0.28%, 95.32%, and 96.07%, respectively; the proportion of patients with symptom to blood flow patency time <3 h in group C (55.3%) was significantly higher than that in groups A and B (22.1% and 22.6%) (

P

< 0.05). Compared with group A, the content of B-type natriuretic peptide (pre-proBNP) at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks after treatment in groups B and C was significantly lower and group C was significantly lower than group B (

P

< 0.05). In summary, the P-wave detection algorithm has a high application value in the diagnosis and early prediction of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Percutaneous coronary intervention in the treatment of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with hypertension can shorten the opening time of infarction blood flow, so as to effectively protect the heart function of patients.