bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teacher preparedness for English-medium instruction
Authors: Lasagabaster David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper focuses on lecturers’ preparedness to teach EMI courses. Although many higher education institutions
worldwide have rushed to jump on the EMI bandwagon, a strikingly low percentage of them have deemed it necessary to organise
pre-service or in-service courses to help practitioners tackle this new teaching scenario. As a result, some potential teachers
are reluctant to take part in EMI programmes, while some in-service EMI teachers complain because of a feeling of helplessness
that arises from what they feel as lack of assistance from their institutions. In this article, after reviewing recent surveys on
current practices in the training and accreditation of university teachers in EMI, I will examine what skills EMI teachers
consider essential to deliver their classes effectively, whether they believe those can or even should be accredited, and, last
but not least, how universities could support EMI teacher preparation. This analysis will allow us to reach EMI stakeholders by
sharing research findings with them. Finally, a research agenda for future work on teacher preparedness for EMI will be put
forward in an attempt to fill the gaps found in the review of the literature on the topic.
Teacher development to mediate global citizenship in English-medium education contexts
Authors: Valcke Jennifer , Nashaat-Sobhy Nashwa , Sánchez-García Davinia , Walaszczyk Julie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews how higher education should rethink the Continuous Professional Development (CPD) of their teaching staff, so that English-Medium Education (EME) is integrated in addressing issues of sustainability (solving problems that threaten humanity and the quality of life). Four focal points are selected: promoting inclusive and equitable quality education; shifting to a transdisciplinary approach; dialogic teaching and learning; and digitalising EME practices. The paper, which draws on research findings, presents an overview of the current contexts of teacher training for EME in Europe, with specific examples of available best practices. This is followed by a vision for future directions to link internationalisation of education and EME to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with a focus on educational development fit for global engagement. The current importance of training EME lecturers for teaching in English is acknowledged, but it is stressed that professional development must evolve to include emerging global teaching and learning competences. The last section is dedicated to practical recommendations for all EME community members.
A research agenda for English-medium instruction
Authors: Sah Pramod K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Since English-Medium Instruction (EMI) has emerged as an important field of policy and research, there are a
multiplicity of issues that are unexamined but need critical attention. This paper features some key scholars of EMI who together
highlight contemporary issues of EMI as a field of research and its primary future research agendas moving forward, including
appropriate methods of collecting information about EMI. The nine researchers, who represent different geographical contexts
(South/East Asia, Africa, Europe, and South America), have offered their views regarding the future research agendas of EMI. Based
on the conversations with these researchers, this paper presents eight strands of EMI research agendas that need to be carried
on.
The missing piece in the jigsaw puzzle
Authors: Fendel Victoria 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPast research approached the origins of the Coptic alphabet sociolinguistically and empirically. Neither can fully explain the comparatively sudden and fundamental change from a supraphonemic to a phonemic writing system for Egyptian around the second century AD. This paper adds the cognitive-linguistic concept of the grain size of a writing system to the picture. In essence, by the second century, sound changes in Egyptian had resulted in a phonological structure of the language that mapped more easily onto a phonemic writing system than previous stages of the language. This coincided with socio-political developments favouring the Greek alphabet. As a result, multiple writing systems, which shared the underlying structure, alphabetic, and model, the Greek alphabet, emerged. Eventually, one of these prevailed, the Coptic alphabet.
‘Reading’ through the body in early Egypt
Authors: Piquette Kathryn E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the earliest writing and related marking practices from Egypt (c.3300 / c.3100–c.2750 BCE), namely graphical marks on ceramic jars and small labels of bone, ivory and wood. In contrast to research focusing on production, this material is examined here from the perspective of consumption. Whether through ‘reading’ or other forms of semantic meaning-making, the author argues that such acts were never neutral, but rather situated within a web of embodied and multisensory processes. These are examined on two recursively related levels: firstly, that of micro-relations, including intersections between embodied perception of marking technique, size, shape, colour and format of signs; and secondly, macro-relations between text-objects and the embodied practitioner within particular cultural spaces. Although this early evidence presents many interpretive challenges, this chapter attempts to demonstrate the value of developing more context-sensitive reconstructions of written culture as part of lived experience – experience for which the body was a fundamental vehicle and mediator.
Wideband compact phase shifter based on hybrid half-mode substrate integrated waveguide and spoof surface plasmon polariton
Authors: Moznebi Ali-Reza , Afrooz Kambiz 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper proposes a wideband compact equal-length phase shifter based on the hybrid half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) and spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) concept for the first time. The HMSIW transmission lines (TLs) with different widths result in different propagation constants. The difference of propagation constants between two HMSIW TLs with two different widths decreases as the frequency increases. Therefore, a wideband phase shifter cannot be designed by using this technique. In this paper, a series of half-butterfly grooves are etched on the top conductor layer of the HMSIW TL to compensate the phase shift. The combination of the SSPP and HMSIW structures provides a higher degree of freedom to keep the propagation constants difference constantly. Accordingly, a wideband response can be achieved by properly tuning the structure. Here, the dispersion characteristic of the butterfly-shaped HMSIW-SSPP can be adjusted by changing the width of the HMSIW and the radius and angle of the half-butterfly grooves. Moreover, the HMSIW-SSPP structure with half-butterfly grooves reduces both longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the proposed circuit. It has more slow-wave effects than the traditional counterpart with rectangular grooves. To validate the concept, a

90

∘

phase shifter is designed and fabricated on a single-layer substrate at the center frequency of 5.8 GHz covering WLAN. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The measured results show that the phase shifter has a fractional bandwidth of 31.7% with a phase error of

±

3.5

∘

, an insertion of

1.1
±
0.25

dB, and a return loss of higher than 13.8 dB. Also, the size of the proposed phase shifter is

0.4

λ

g

×
2.18

λ

g

.
Thermal and non-thermal ablation mechanisms in crystalline silicon by femtosecond laser pulses: classical approach of the carrier density two temperature model
Authors: Vaghasiya Hardik , Krause Stephan , Miclea Paul-Tiberiu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Laser micromachining has attracted considerable interest because of its wide range of applications across nearly all manufacturing sectors and mostly in semiconductors such as silicon. However, modern micro-manufacturing demands progressive product miniaturization, high accuracy, and high-precision material removal. For this purpose, a fundamental study of the interaction between ultrashort laser pulses and silicon will be valuable for studying ablation characteristics and ablation performance. The femtosecond laser pulse interaction with the silicon is divided into five parts: (a) the interaction of laser light with the carriers, (b) variation of the carrier density and carrier temperature, (c) energy exchange between carriers and lattice, (d) thermomechanical response of the material, and (e) ablation. The evolution of the carrier density and carrier-lattice energy coupling equation is solved simultaneously to determine the optimum value of the ablation width and ablation depth of femtosecond laser pulses on the silicon. The first time, 2D axial symmetry thermal and non-thermal ablation profiles were compared with the experimental result at fluence ranging from 0.75 to 9 J cm−2 at the wavelength of 515 nm and 180 fs laser on the silicon sample. A comparative study of damage thresholds from experiments and simulations is presented. The concordance between model calculations and experimental data demonstrates that fs laser ablation is thermal in nature in low fluence regime, whereas it is non- thermal in a high-fluence regime. Fundamental information such as the time evolution of the carrier density, carrier temperature evolution, and lattice temperature evolution can be obtained from the simulation results.
Enhanced electron–phonon coupling near an electronic quantum phase transition
Authors: Gidopoulos Nikitas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
I construct a simple model to demonstrate that when the many-electron quantum state of a material is near a quantum phase transition and the vibrational motion of a phonon explores the potential energy surface near the transition point, then an impenetrable barrier appears at the potential energy surface which restricts the phonon from crossing the transition point and abnormally increases the phonon frequency. The ensuing anomalous enhancement of the electron phonon coupling is general and independent of the specific nature of the electronic quantum phase transition. Understanding and modelling this strong electron–phonon coupling may potentially lead to the design of phonon superconductors with high critical temperatures by choosing their parameters appropriately near an electronic quantum phase transition.
A study of the magneto-controlled mechanical properties and polishing performance for single-crystal SiC used as a magnetorheological-elastomer polishing pad
Authors: Hu Da , Deng Jiayun , Lu Jiabin , Yan Qiusheng , Du Canlin , Cao Jiyang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are widely used in vibration control due to their excellent magneto-controlled mechanical properties. In this research, polyurethane-based MRE polishing pads were prepared and used for the polishing of single-crystal SiC to investigate the magneto-controlled mechanical properties, the magneto-polishing effect, and the mechanism of action thereof. The results show that the pre-structuring process is affected by parameters such as mass fraction and particle size of magnetic particles in MREs and curing magnetic field strength, different chain strings that demonstrate different magnetorheological effects are formed. The greater the mass fraction of magnetic particles and curing magnetic field strength, the more the MREs exhibit magnetorheological effects, especially so when the magnetic particles size of 3 μm. A series of 90 min polishing experiments on single-crystal SiC with original surface roughness (R
a) 80 nm were conducted using an MRE pad. The results indicate that with the increase of polishing magnetic field strengths, the shear modulus of MRE polishing pads increases, the material removal rate (MRR) of the polishing process increases and R
a decreases. As the magnetic field strength is increased from 0 mT to 335 mT, the shear modulus is increased from 1.392 MPa to 1.825 MPa (an increase of 31.1%), while MRR is increased from 706.3 nm h−1 to 835.3 nm h−1 (an increase of 18.3%), R
a is decreased from 19.92 nm to 3.62 nm (an improvement in surface quality of 81.8%). The results show that the increase of the polishing magnetic field strengths changes the material modulus of the MRE polishing pads, which cause the decreases in the compressive and shear elastic deformation of the abrasive grains on the elastic substrate. This increases the positive pressure of the abrasive grains on the SiC wafer, which enhances the material-removal ability of the SiC wafer, thereby improving the surface quality of the wafer.
Effects of alpha particles on the CTEM driven zonal flow in deuterium–tritium tokamak plasmas
Authors: Hussain M. S. , Guo Weixin , Wang Lu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The effects of fusion-born alpha (α) particles on zonal flow (ZF) driven by collisionless trapped electron mode (CTEM) turbulence are analytically investigated, using gyrokinetic and bounce kinetic theories in the deuterium–tritium (D–T) tokamak plasmas. It is found that ZF growth rate is increased by α particles because of the reduction of polarization shielding as well as enhancement of CTEM instability. The results of this paper are qualitatively consistent with the enhancement of the level of residual ZF by α particles in (Cho and Hahm 2019 Nucl. Fusion
59 066026). The parametric dependence of ZF growth rate is also analyzed. The increment of ZF growth rate is further enhanced by α particles with higher fraction and steeper density profile. Besides, the dependence of ZF growth rate on electron temperature T
e could be changed qualitatively by the presence of α particles when T
i = T
e. Moreover, the difference of ZF growth rates in the presence of α particles with slowing down and equivalent Maxwellian distribution functions is very weak. These results could be very important for accurate prediction of the confinement in the future burning plasmas such as International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor.
OP20 Perianal fistulas are characterised by expansion of interleukin-22 producing invariant natural killer T-cells and CD4+ T-cells which drive dysregulation of the extracellular matrix
Authors: Constable L , Iqbal N , Cozzetto D , Hart A , Tozer P , Powell N 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Perianal fistulas are a common complication of Crohn’s disease (CD) affecting approximately 25% of patients, often predicting a more complicated disease course. Dysregulated immune responses and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are hypothesised to contribute to fistulizing disease; however, they have been poorly studied. In this study, we investigated the immune phenotype of patients with perianal fistulizing disease and its relationship with tissue remodelling.

Methods
Immune cells were isolated from fistula curettage samples (n=31) and paired peripheral blood from patients with perianal Crohn’s (pCD) or idiopathic fistulizing disease. Multiparameter flow cytometry was performed to evaluate lymphocyte populations including invariant natural killer T-cells (iNKTs), gamma-delta (γδ) T-cells, CD161+ mucosal-associated invariant T-cells (MAIT), CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells. Gene expression profiling of fistula (Crohn’s n=11, idiopathic n=11) and rectal tissue (Crohn’s n=9, idiopathic n=9) was performed by RNA-sequencing. Cellular deconvolution of transcriptomic data using CIBERSORTx was performed to define the cellular phenotype of perianal fistulas. Cytokine treated intestinal epithelial organoids were used to probe the impact of selective cytokines on disease relevant pathways in perianal fistulas, using gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA).

Results
Perianal fistulas were characterised by expansion of iNKTs and CD4+ T-cells when compared to peripheral blood. Deeper analysis of the phenotype of these populations revealed enrichment of CD8- CD4- CD161+ iNKTs producing interleukin-22 (IL22), and CD4+ CD161+ T-cells producing interleukin-13 (IL13) and IL22. Surprisingly, pCD and idiopathic fistulas displayed similar immunophenotypes. Fistulas exhibited distinct transcriptional profiles to rectal tissue, although the phenotype of pCD and idiopathic fistulas appeared similar. Pathways related to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and EMT were more activated in fistulas compared to rectum. Gene-set enrichment analysis and cellular deconvolution identified an increase in the abundance of iNKTs, activated memory CD4+ T-cells, activated NK cells and neutrophils in fistula versus rectal tissue. IL13, IL22 and TNFα responsive transcripts were enriched in fistula tissue, and in the case of IL22, was shown to regulate key matrisome components.

Conclusion
Perianal fistulas are characterised by increased infiltration of CD161+ iNKT cells and CD4+ T-cells, producing IL22 and IL13. These pro-inflammatory cytokines are likely important drivers of ECM dysregulation and tissue remodelling in perianal fistulizing disease.
OP40 Efficacy of risankizumab induction and maintenance therapy by baseline Crohn’s Disease location: Post hoc analysis of the phase 3 ADVANCE, MOTIVATE, and FORTIFY studies
Authors: Bossuyt P , Bresso F , Dubinsky M , Ha C , Siegel C , Zambrano J , Kligys K , Kalabic J , Zhang Y , Panaccione R 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
In Crohn’s disease (CD), disease location affects treatment outcomes.1 This post hoc analysis assessed the efficacy of risankizumab (RZB), an interleukin 23 p19 inhibitor, by disease location.

Methods
In ADVANCE (NCT03105128) and MOTIVATE (NCT03104413), patients with moderately to severely active CD and intolerance or inadequate response to conventional and/or biologic therapy (ADVANCE) or to biologic therapy (MOTIVATE) received intravenous (IV) RZB induction therapy or placebo (PBO) for 12 weeks. Patients achieving clinical response to IV RZB induction were re-randomised in a maintenance study (FORTIFY, NCT03105102) to receive subcutaneous (SC) RZB or SC PBO (ie, withdrawal) for 52 weeks. This post hoc analysis included patients who received RZB 600 mg IV in either ADVANCE or MOTIVATE and patients who received RZB 360 mg SC in FORTIFY. Clinical and endoscopic outcomes were evaluated in patient subgroups stratified by CD location at baseline (ileal only, colonic only, ileal-colonic) using non-responder imputation incorporating multiple imputation to handle missing data due to COVID-19.

Results
At week 12, significantly greater proportions of patients receiving RZB 600 mg IV achieved the co-primary endpoints CD Activity Index (CDAI) clinical remission and endoscopic response vs PBO in the colonic only (n = 190) and ileal-colonic (n = 252) subgroups (P &lt; .001; Figure 1A–1B). At week 12, statistically higher proportions of RZB-treated patients achieved the composite endpoint CDAI clinical remission and endoscopic response, as well as endoscopic remission in the colonic only and ileal-colonic subgroups vs PBO (P &lt; .001; Figure 1C–1D). At week 52, significantly greater proportions of patients receiving RZB 360 mg SC achieved the co-primary endpoints CDAI clinical remission and endoscopic response, composite CDAI clinical remission and endoscopic response, and endoscopic remission vs withdrawal (PBO SC) in the colonic only (n = 59) and ileal-colonic (n = 67) subgroups (P ≤ .05; Figure 2A–2D). In patients with endoscopic remission after 12 weeks of IV RZB (week 0 of maintenance), significantly more RZB-treated patients achieved sustained endoscopic remission at week 52 vs withdrawal (PBO SC) in the colonic only and ileal-colonic subgroups (P ≤ .01; Figure 2E). At weeks 12 and 52, efficacy rates were numerically lower in ileal only CD relative to colonic only and ileal-colonic CD. Results for ileal only CD are limited by the small number of patients in the subgroup (induction, n = 85; maintenance, n = 15).

Conclusion
RZB induction and maintenance therapy was effective in patients with moderately to severely active CD with greater benefits observed in patients with any colonic involvement.
DOP64 Pathogenic RIPK1 Mutations Cause Infantile-onset IBD with Inflammatory and Fistulizing Features
Authors: Sultan M , Millman P , McCourt B , Kol N , Lev A , Matar M , Barel O , Shamir R , Wilschanski M , Konnikova L , Somech R , Shouval D 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Genetics plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). With the expanding use of next-generation sequencing, &gt;70 different monogenic disorders associated with IBD have been identified, and most of them present in the first years of life. Recently, several patients with severe IBD were identified to harbor pathogenic mutations in Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) gene, which regulates necroptosis, a necrotic cell death mechanism. We present the clinical features, genetic analysis and immune work-up of three patients with infantile-onset IBD resulting from novel RIPK1 mutations.

Methods
Whole exome sequencing was performed in three patients with severe infantile-onset IBD, along with sanger sequencing for conformation. Mass cytometry time of flight was conducted for in-depth immunophenotyping, including cytokine secretion analysis following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Phorbol myristate acetate with ionomycin (PMA-I), on one of the patient’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and compared to control subjects and patients with Crohn’s disease.

Results
All patients, born to consanguineous Muslim families, presented with severe colitis and multiple perianal fistulas in the first months of life, without severe or atypical infections. One of the patients had a partial response to high doses of inlfliximab and azathioprine, while another one failed to respond to adaliumab and later to low dose anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist. Genetic studies identified novel and pathogenic genetic variants in the RIPK1 gene in all patients, that were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Using mass cytometry time of flight unbiased clustering analysis, we identified peripheral immune dysregulation in one of these patients, characterized by an increase in IFNγ CD8+ T cells along with a decrease in monocytes, dendritic cells and B cells. Moreover, RIPK1-deficient patient’s immune cells exhibited decreased IL-6 production in response to LPS across multiple cell types including T cells B cells and innate immune cells.

Conclusion
Mutations in RIPK1 should be considered in very young patients presenting with colitis and perianal fistulas. Given RIPK1’s role in both immune cells (and specifically in inflammasome activation), and epithelial cells, it is unclear whether immunosuppressive medications (including IL1 blockade) as well as allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can suppress or cure the hyper-inflammatory response in these patients. Additional studies in humans are required to better define the role of RIPK1 in regulating intestinal immune responses, and how treatment can be optimized for patients with RIPK1 deficiency.