bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silencing of YAP attenuates pericyte‐myofibroblast transition and subretinal fibrosis in experimental model of choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Xu Ya‐hui , Feng Yi‐fan , Zou Rong , Yuan Fei , Yuan Yuan‐zhi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main reason of irreversible vision loss in the elderly. The subretinal fibrosis subsequent to choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is an important feature in the late stage of wet AMD and is considered to be one reason for incomplete response to anti‐VEGF drugs. Recent studies have shown that pericyte‐myofibroblast transition (PMT) is an important pathological process involving fibrotic diseases of various organs. However, the specific role and mechanism of PMT in the subretinal fibrosis of CNV have not been clarified. It has been clear that the Hippo pathway along with its downstream effector Yes‐associated protein (YAP) plays an important role in both epithelial and endothelial myofibroblast development. Therefore, we speculate whether YAP participates in PMT of pericytes and promotes fibrosis of CNV. In this study, experimental CNV was induced by laser photocoagulation in C57BL/6J (B6) mice, and aberrant YAP overexpression was detected in the retinal pigment epithelial/choroid/sclera tissues of the laser‐injured eyes. YAP knockdown reduced the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of human retinal microvascular pericytes in vitro. It also reduced subretinal fibrosis of laser‐induced CNV in vivo. Moreover, by proteomics‐based analysis of pericyte conditioned medium (PC‐CM) and bioinformatic analyses, we identified that the crosstalk between Hippo/YAP and MAPK/Erk was involved in expression of filamin A in hypoxic pericytes. These findings suggest that Hippo/YAP and MAPK/Erk are linked together to mediate pericyte proliferation, migration as well as differentiation, which may embody potential implications for treatment in diseases related to CNV.
Mental illness‐related stigma among probation officers
Authors: Givens Ashley , Jacobs Leah A. , Canada Kelli E. , Edwards Daniel 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundProbation officers tend to hold stigmatising attitudes towards individuals on their caseload with mental illnesses. This can result in poor outcomes for justice‐involved people with mental illnesses. Though anti‐stigma interventions in the general public and among other criminal–legal professionals hold promise, these interventions have not been tested among probation officers.AimsTo measure levels of stigma towards mental illnesses among probation officers before and after a brief online training related to mental illness.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy‐five probation and parole officers in one Midwest state completed a three‐module online training programme designed to increase knowledge and skills for working with clients with mental illnesses. Officers completed a pre‐ and post‐training assessment of level of stigmatising attitudes towards individuals with mental illnesses.ResultsOfficer levels of stigma statistically significantly decreased from pre‐test (8.22) to post‐test (7.37; p < 0.001, t = 6.13). Nevertheless, pre‐training stigma scores were the strongest predictor of stigma levels at post‐test (p < 0.001, b = 0.90).ConclusionsWhile basic training can significantly decrease mental disorder stigmatising scores for probation officers, the practical effect of this brief online experience was very small. Nevertheless, the fact that such brief and generalised input can have impact at all is encouraging. Implementation could be a useful preliminary to improving the quality of probation supervision of clients with mental illnesses.
Sex‐based differences in patients undergoing transseptal transcatheter mitral valve replacement: Closing the sex disparity gap
Authors: Segar Matthew W. , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: April 2022

Key Points
In a nationwide registry of more than 2000 hospitalizations, the proportion of women undergoing transseptal transcatheter mitral valve replacement increased from 50.0% in 2015 to 60.2% in 2018.
No significant differences were observed between sexes for complications, hospital length of stay, or in‐hospital mortality rate.
Women had a higher 30‐day readmission rate and were more likely than men to be discharged to a skilled nursing facility.
Reflections on the association of thrombocytopenia with adverse outcomes after PCI
Authors: Motiwala Afaq , Jneid Hani 
Published: April 2022

Key Points
Moderate‐severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100,000) is associated with increased rates of post‐PCI complications (pericardiocentesis, PRBC and platelet transfusions) and in‐hospital mortality.
Any degree of thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 150,000) is associated with increased risk of long‐term all‐cause mortality.
Further studies can help determine which etiologies of thrombocytopenia are at highest risk for adverse outcomes and what strategies can help mitigate the risk in those patients.
The Effects of Ring Strain on Cyclic Tetraaryl[5]cumulenes
Authors: Sun Bozheng , Oakley Meagan S. , Yoshida Kota , Yang Yanwen , Tommasini Matteo , Zanchi Chiara , Lucotti Andrea , Ferguson Michael J. , Hampel Frank , Klobukowski Mariusz , Tykwinski Rik R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCyclic tetraaryl[5]cumulenes (1 a–f) have been synthesized and studied as a function of increasing ring strain. The magnitude of ring strain is approximated by the extent of bending of the cumulenic core as assessed by a combination of X‐ray crystallographic analysis and DFT calculations. Trends are observed in 13C NMR, UV‐vis, and Raman spectra associated with ring strain, but the effects are small. In particular, the experimental HOMO‐LUMO gap is not appreciably affected by bending of the [5]cumulene framework from ca. 174° (λmax=504 nm) in 1 a to ca. 178° (λmax=494 nm) in 1 f.
Excited‐State Distortions Promote the Photochemical 4π‐Electrocyclizations of Fluorobenzenes via Machine Learning Accelerated Photodynamics Simulations
Authors: Li Jingbai , Lopez Steven A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBenzene fluorination increases chemoselectivities for Dewar‐benzenes via 4π‐disrotatory electrocyclization. However, the origin of the chemo‐ and regioselectivities of fluorobenzenes remains unexplained because of the experimental limitations in resolving the excited‐state structures on ultrafast timescales. The computational cost of multiconfigurational nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations is also currently cost‐prohibitive. We now provide high‐fidelity structural information and reaction outcome predictions with machine‐learning‐accelerated photodynamics simulations of a series of fluorobenzenes, C6F6‐nHn, n=0–3, to study their S1→S0 decay in 4 ns. We trained neural networks with XMS‐CASPT2(6,7)/aug‐cc‐pVDZ calculations, which reproduced the S1 absorption features with mean absolute errors of 0.04 eV (<2 nm). The predicted nonradiative decay constants for C6F4H2, C6F6, C6F3H3, and C6F5H are 116, 60, 28, and 12 ps, respectively, in broad qualitative agreement with the experiments. Our calculations show that a pseudo Jahn–Teller distortion of fluorinated benzenes leads to an S1 local‐minimum region that extends the excited‐state lifetimes of fluorobenzenes. The pseudo Jahn–Teller distortions reduce when fluorination decreases. Our analysis of the S1 dynamics shows that the pseudo‐Jahn–Teller distortions promote an excited‐state cis‐trans isomerization of a πC‐C bond. We characterized the surface hopping points from our NAMD simulations and identified instantaneous nuclear momentum as a factor that promotes the electrocyclizations.
Chiral Fibers Formation Upon Assembly of Tetraphenylalanine Peptide Conjugated to a PNA Dimer
Authors: Mosseri Andrea , Sancho‐Albero Maria , Leone Marilisa , Nava Donatella , Secundo Francesco , Maggioni Daniela , De Cola Luisa , Romanelli Alessandra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSelf‐assembly of biomolecules such as peptides, nucleic acids or their analogues affords supramolecular objects, exhibiting structures and physical properties dependent on the amino‐acid or nucleobase composition. Conjugation of the peptide diphenylalanine (FF) to peptide nucleic acids triggers formation of self‐assembled structures, mainly stabilized by interactions between FF. In this work we report formation of homogeneous chiral fibers upon self‐assembly of the hybrid composed of the tetraphenylalanine peptide (4F) conjugated to the PNA dimer adenine‐thymine (at). In this case nucleobases seem to play a key role in determining the morphology and chirality of the fibers. When the PNA “at” is replaced by guanine‐cytosine dimer “gc”, disordered structures are observed. Spectroscopic characterization of the self‐assembled hybrids, along with AFM and SEM studies is reported. Finally, a structural model consistent with the experimental evidence has also been obtained, showing how the building blocks of 4Fat arrange to give helical fibers.
A Series of Rare‐Earth Mesoionic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Seed John A. , Vondung Lisa , Barton Franky , Wooles Ashley J. , Lu Erli , Gregson Matthew , Adams Ralph W. , Liddle Stephen T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe report the synthesis and characterisation of a series of rare‐earth mesoionic carbene complexes, [RE{N(SiMe3)2}3{CN(Me)C(Me)N(Me)CH}] (3RE, RE=Sc, Ce, Pr, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu), greatly expanding the limited library of f‐block mesoionic carbene complexes. These complexes were prepared by treatment of the parent RE‐triamides with anN‐heterocyclic olefin (NHO), where an NHO backbone proton undergoes a formal 1,4‐proton migration to the NHO‐methylene group. For all RE(III) metals, as expected, quantum chemical calculations suggest only a σ‐component to the metal−carbene bonding, in contrast to a previously reported uranium(III) congener where the 5f3metal engages in a weak π‐back‐bond to the MIC. All complexes were characterised by static variable‐temperature magnetic measurements, and dynamic magnetic measurements reveal that3Dyand3Erare field‐induced single‐molecule magnets (SMMs), withUeffenergy barriers of 35 and 128 K, respectively. Complex3Dyis, as expected, a poorly performing SMM, but conversely3Erperforms unexpectedly well.
Significant Effect of the Flexibility of Bridging Alkyl Chains on the Proximity of Stacked Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Conjugated with a Fourfold Rotaxane Linkage
Authors: Yamada Yasuyuki , Iida Hayato , Shibano Shinya , Mihara Nozomi , Kato Tatsuhisa , Tanaka Kentaro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSpatial distance is an important factor in controlling the functional interactions between molecular units in a conjugate; therefore, the bridging unit has been closely examined. Here, we examined the effect of the flexibility of bridging alkyl chains on the proximity of stacked porphyrin and phthalocyanine conjugated with a fourfold rotaxane linkage. We found that closely stacking two π systems requires bridging alkyl chains above a certain length, and the shorter bridges hinder stacking because of their lower flexibility. The stacking distance between porphyrin and phthalocyanine in the conjugate with decyl (C10) chains was estimated to be 4.03 Å and showed a unique physical character arising from short‐distance interactions. The longer alkyl chains minimized steric restriction inside the fourfold rotaxane and allowed efficient communication between the porphyrin and phthalocyanine units. This is due to the flexibility of the side chains.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Direct Reductive Amination of Ketones and Secondary Amines: Breaking the Aliphatic Wall
Authors: Jouffroy Matthieu , Nguyen Thi‐Mo , Cordier Marie , Blot Marielle , Roisnel Thierry , Gramage‐Doria Rafael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDirect reductive amination (DRA) is a ubiquitous reaction in organic chemistry. This transformation between a carbonyl group and an amine is most often achieved by using a super stoichiometric amount of hazardous hydride reagents, thus being incompatible with many sensitive functional groups. DRA could also be achieved by means of chemo‐ or biocatalysis, thereby attracting the interest of industry as well as academic laboratories due to the virtually perfect atom economy. Although DRAs are well‐established for substrate pairs such as aldehydes with either 1° or 2° amines as well as ketones with 1° amines, the current methodologies are limited in the case of ketones with 2° amines. Herein, we present a general DRA protocol that overcomes this major limitation by means of iridium catalysis. The applicability of the methodology is demonstrated by accessing an unprecedented range of biologically relevant tertiary amines starting from both aliphatic ketones and aliphatic amines. The choice of a disphosphane ligand (JosiphosAor Xantphos) is essential for the success of the transformation.
Direct Visualisation of the Surface Atomic Active Sites of Carbon‐Supported Co3O4 Nanocrystals via High‐Resolution Phase Restoration
Authors: Makgae Ofentse A. , Moya Arthur N. , Phaahlamohlaka Tumelo N. , Huang Chen , Coville Neil J. , Kirkland Angus I. , Liberti Emanuela 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe atomic arrangement of the terminating facets on spinel Co3O4 nanocrystals is strongly linked to their catalytic performance. However, the spinel crystal structure offers multiple possible surface terminations depending on the synthesis. Thus, understanding the terminating surface atomic structure is essential in developing high‐performance Co3O4 nanocrystals. In this work, we present direct atomic‐scale observation of the surface terminations of Co3O4 nanoparticles supported on hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) using exit wavefunction reconstruction from aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscopy focal‐series. The restored high‐resolution phases show distinct resolved oxygen and cobalt atomic columns. The data show that the structure of {100}, {110}, and {111} facets of spinel Co3O4 exhibit characteristic active sites for carbon monoxide (CO) adsorption, in agreement with density functional theory calculations. Of these facets, the {100} and {110} surface terminations are better suited for CO adsorption than the {111}. However, the presence of oxygen on the {111} surface termination indicates this facet also plays an essential role in CO adsorption. Our results demonstrate direct evidence of the surface termination atomic structure beyond the assumed stoichiometry of the surface.
DNA‐Mediated Assembly of Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Zhu Xurong , Yan Xuehui , Yang Sichang , Wang Yong , Wang Shuang , Tian Ye 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCarbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted extensive attentions on account of their superior electrical, mechanical, optical, and biological properties. However, the dimensional limit and irregular arrangement have hampered their further application. It is necessary to find an easy, efficient and controllable way to assemble CNMs into well‐ordered array. DNA nanotechnology, owning to the advantages of precise programmability, highly structural predictability and spatial addressability, has been widely applied in the assembly of CNMs. Summarizing the progress and achievements in this field will be of great value to related studies. Herein, based on the different dimensions of CNMs containing 0‐dimensional (0D) carbon dots (CDs), fullerenes, 1‐dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 2‐dimensional (2D) graphene, we introduced the conjugation strategies between DNA and CNMs, their different assembly methods and their applications. In addition, we also discuss the existing challenges and future opportunities in the field.
A simple method to control automatically the performance of three‐coil wireless power transfer systems without direct output measurement
Authors: Ricken Garcia Lucas , Abatti Paulo J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe control and optimization of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems require the continuous monitoring of their performance or, similarly, some output parameters. The solution presented in this manuscript is based on the relationship between some figures of merit representative of the WPT systems and allows to control automatically (in a simple way, without any direct measurement at the load circuit) the performance of a three‐coil WPT system under variations on the load and/or mutual inductance between the intermediate and load coils. The qualities and limitations of the proposed method are discussed in detail. Conventional circuit analysis and practical results are included to validate the presented theory and its applicability in an automatic control scheme.
Clinical and transcriptomic features of persistent exacerbation‐prone severe asthma in U‐BIOPRED cohort
Authors: Hoda Uruj , Pavlidis Stelios , Bansal Aruna T. , Takahashi Kentaro , Hu Sile , Ng Kee Kwong Francois , Rossios Christos , Sun Kai , Bhavsar Pankaj , Loza Matthew , Baribaud Frederic , Chanez Pascal , Fowler Stephen J. , Horvath Ildiko , Montuschi Paolo , Singer Florian , Musial Jacek , Dahlen Barbro , Krug Norbert , Sandstrom Thomas , Shaw Dominic E. , Lutter Rene , Fleming Louise J. , Howarth Peter H. , Caruso Massimo , Sousa Ana R. , Corfield Julie , Auffray Charles , De Meulder Bertrand , Lefaudeux Diane , Dahlen Sven‐Erik , Djukanovic Ratko , Sterk Peter J. , Guo Yike , Adcock Ian M. , Chung Kian Fan ,   the U‐BIOPRED study group
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundExacerbation‐prone asthma is a feature of severe disease. However, the basis for its persistency remains unclear.ObjectivesTo determine the clinical and transcriptomic features of frequent exacerbators (FEs) and persistent FEs (PFEs) in the U‐BIOPRED cohort.MethodsWe compared features of FE (≥2 exacerbations in past year) to infrequent exacerbators (IE, <2 exacerbations) and of PFE with repeat ≥2 exacerbations during the following year to persistent IE (PIE). Transcriptomic data in blood, bronchial and nasal epithelial brushings, bronchial biopsies and sputum cells were analysed by gene set variation analysis for 103 gene signatures.ResultsOf 317 patients, 62.4% had FE, of whom 63.6% had PFE, while 37.6% had IE, of whom 61.3% had PIE. Using multivariate analysis, FE was associated with short‐acting beta‐agonist use, sinusitis and daily oral corticosteroid use, while PFE was associated with eczema, short‐acting beta‐agonist use and asthma control index. CEA cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) was the only differentially expressed transcript in bronchial biopsies between PE and IE. There were no differentially expressed genes in the other four compartments. There were higher expression scores for type 2, T‐helper type‐17 and type 1 pathway signatures together with those associated with viral infections in bronchial biopsies from FE compared to IE, while there were higher expression scores of type 2, type 1 and steroid insensitivity pathway signatures in bronchial biopsies of PFE compared to PIE.ConclusionThe FE group and its PFE subgroup are associated with poor asthma control while expressing higher type 1 and type 2 activation pathways compared to IE and PIE, respectively.
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: An early career researcher perspective
Authors: Silva Nárlon C. Boa Sorte , Bracko Oliver , Nelson Amy R. , de Oliveira Fabricio Ferreira , Robison Lisa S. , Shaaban C. Elizabeth , Hainsworth Atticus H. , Price Brittani R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe field of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is evolving rapidly. Research in VCID encompasses topics aiming to understand, prevent, and treat the detrimental effects of vascular disease burden in the human brain. In this perspective piece, early career researchers (ECRs) in the field provide an overview of VCID, discuss past and present efforts, and highlight priorities for future research. We emphasize the following critical points as the field progresses: (a) consolidate existing neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers, and establish their utility for pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions; (b) develop new biomarkers, and new non‐clinical models that better recapitulate vascular pathologies; (c) amplify access to emerging biomarker and imaging techniques; (d) validate findings from previous investigations in diverse populations, including those at higher risk of cognitive impairment (e.g., Black, Hispanic, and Indigenous populations); and (e) conduct randomized controlled trials within diverse populations with well‐characterized vascular pathologies emphasizing clinically meaningful outcomes.
E3 ubiquitin ligases and cerebral cortex development in health and disease
Authors: Lambert Nicolas , Moïse Martin , Nguyen Laurent 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCerebral cortex development involves the sequential progression of biological steps driven by molecular pathways whose tight regulation often relies on ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification involved in all aspects of cellular homeostasis through the attachment of a ubiquitin (Ub) moiety on proteins. Over the past years, an increasing amount of research has highlighted the crucial role played by Ub ligases in every step of cortical development and whose impairment often leads to various neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we focus on the key contributions of E3 Ub ligases for the progression of the different steps of corticogenesis, as well as the pathological consequences of their mutations, often resulting in malformations of cortical development. Finally, we discuss some promising therapeutic strategies for these diseases based on recent advances in the field.
Risk factors of pacing dependence and cardiac dysfunction in patients with permanent pacemaker implantation
Authors: Yu Ziqing , Liang Yixiu , Xiao Zilong , Wang Yucheng , Bao Pei , Zhang Chunyu , Su Enyong , Li Minghui , Chen Xueying , Qin Shengmei , Chen Ruizhen , Su Yangang , Ge Junbo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimsRight ventricular pacing (RVP) dependence could impair left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). This study aimed to illuminate the relationship between RVP proportion and LVEF, as well as disclosing independent predictors of RVP dependence.Methods and resultsPatients indicated for permanent pacemaker implantation were included (2016–2020). The ventricular pacing lead was placed in right ventricular apex or septum. Pacing mode programming followed universal standard. Electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and serological parameters were collected. RVP dependence was defined according to its influence on LVEF. This study was of case–control design. Included patients were matched by potentially confounding factors through propensity score matching. A total of 1183 patients were included, and the mean duration of follow‐up was 24 months. Percentage of RVP < 80% hardly influenced LVEF; however, LVEF tended to decrease with higher RVP proportion. High degree/complete atrioventricular block (AVB) [odds ratio (OR) = 5.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.66–8.85], atrial fibrillation (AF) (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.47–2.82), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (OR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.24–6.76), maximum heart rate (HRmax) < 110 b.p.m. (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.58–4.76), QRS duration > 120 ms (OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.42–4.27), QTc interval > 470 ms (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.33–3.05), and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) > 40 mmHg (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.46–2.56) were proved to predict RVP dependence.ConclusionsHigh RVP percentage (>80%) indicating RVP dependence significantly correlates with poor prognosis of cardiac function. High degree/complete AVB, AF, ischaemic aetiology, PCI history, HRmax < 110 b.p.m., QRS duration > 120 ms, QTc interval > 470 ms, and PASP > 40 mmHg were verified as independent risk factors of RVP dependence.