bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Growth Regulation of Pecan Seedlings
Authors: Marquard Robert D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The growth inhibitors paclobutrazol and flurprimidol were applied to the roots of greenhouse-grown pecan seedlings [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] at 0, 0.02, 0.10, and 0.50 mg a.i. Treatment with paclobutrazol reduced tree height, stem weight, and increased the root:shoot weight ratio. Flurprimidol reduced tree height, leaf area, internode length, and stem weight. Promalin (50 ppm GA4+7 plus 6-benzylamino purine) applied as a foliar spray enhanced lateral branching, increased stem diameter and total dry weight, and reduced the root:shoot weight ratio. Paclobutrazol appeared to be more affective than flurprimidol in reducing shoot growth. Neither growth inhibitor significantly affected the rate of net photosynthesis.
Responses of Caladium Tubers to Low, Nonfreezing Temperatures
Authors: Woodson William R. , Raiford Timothy J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Storage of Caladium × hortulanum L. tubers at 5°C for 1 to 3 weeks resulted in an elevation in CO2 production when transferred to 22°. A decrease in storage temperature from 22° to 1° resulted in an increase in respiratory activity following transfer of tubers to 22°. The respiratory burst associated with low temperature storage was greatest following 24 hr at 22°, after which a decline in CO2 production was seen. Electrolyte leakage from ‘Carolyn Whorton’ tuber disks increased when tubers were held for either 3 weeks at 5° or 2 weeks at 1°, as compared to shorter durations of chilling or higher temperatures. Sprouting (days to emergence) of planted tubers was delayed following low temperature storage, as compared to tubers held at 22°. Although delayed, all tubers sprouted when held a maximum of 3 weeks at 5°, or 2 weeks at 1°.
‘Tifdwarf Bermudagrass Growth Response to Carboxin and GA3 during Suboptimum Temperatures
Authors: Dudeck A. E. , Peacock C. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Carboxin at 0, 22, or 45 kg ha-1 and GA3 at 0, 62, or 124 g ha-1 were evaluated as growth regulators on ‘Tifdwarf bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) putting greens during winter months. Turf response to both compounds was linear, but the magnitude of top-growth response was related to temperature. Bermudagrass response was greatest near its optimum temperature at 26° to 35°C. A single application of carboxin produced a 7-week response in top-growth clippings and GA3 produced a 2-week growth response, even though weekly mean minimum air temperatures ranged from 8° to 19°C. Although significant growth responses occurred with both compounds, many growth rates were less than 25 kg ha-1 d-1 of fresh clippings, too low to sustain acceptable turf quality on putting greens. Carboxin and GA3 have promise for improving turfgrass color under low traffic situations. Carboxin produced a blue-green turf in 5 or more days, and GA3 produced a yellow-green turf in 1 to 2 days. Both compounds eliminated the purple cast commonly associated with ‘Tifdwarf bermudagrass turfs during suboptimum temperatures. Chemical names used: 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-N-phenyl-1,4-oxathiin-3-carboxamide (carboxin); gibberellic acid (GA3).
“Double Fruit” in the Shamouti Orange
Authors: Cohen A. , Goell A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During the winter of 1983-1984, a unique type of Shamouti orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] was reported for the first time, from several orchards in Israel. These fruit are extremely oblong, with a depression around their entire circumference. Some of the fruit show a rather slight depression externally, whereas others have a very distinct depression, as shown in Fig. 1.
A Simple and Inexpensive Method of Estimating Media pH
Authors: Hipp Billy W. , Giordano Cynthia , O’Connor Nancy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An important aspect of media management is achieving and maintaining correct pH for specific plants. Changes in pH occur throughout growth due to leaching, plant roots, irrigation water, and fertilizer application. Periodic monitoring to determine pH changes requires a meter with electrode and a procedure as described by Peech (2) or Richards (3). Techniques for sampling media for electrode determination of pH have been evaluated (1), but these measurements require expertise and financial commitment that may not be available to a grower.
‘Quinte’, a Verticillium Wilt Resistant Midseason Tomato
Authors: Metcalf John G. , Reyes Andres A. , Mohr Willard P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Quinte’ (ST-19) is a midseason, large, firm, crimson-colored tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). It was developed in the early 1970s to replace ‘Moira’. Named after the Bay of Qunite, it is now extensively grown in eastern Ontario, Canada, and the northeastern United States, especially in areas where Verticillium wilt (Verticillium alboatrum Reinke & Berth, and V. dahliae Kleb.) is a problem. The fruit is suitable to the fresh-market and processed-juice industries.
Inheritance of Growth Habit in Progenies of ‘Corn-Pact Redhaven’ Peach
Authors: Mehlenbacher Shawn A. , Scorza Ralph 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Inheritance of growth habit was studied in F1, F2, and backcross progenies of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch ‘Com-Pact Redhaven’]. Segregation ratios indicate that compact growth habit is conditioned by a single dominant allele, for which ‘Compact Redhaven’ is heterozygous. The symbol Ct is proposed for this locus.
Microcutting Production from Sequential Reculturing of Hardy Deciduous Azalea Shoot Tips
Authors: Economou Athanasios S. , Read Paul E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Differences were observed in microcutting harvests from 5 shoot tip explant sequential recultures of the hardy deciduous azalea (Rhododendron spp.) accessions 800374, 620014, and 800057. In general microcutting production increased and then declined over reculture times in a nearly bell-shaped curve for all 3 clones tested. Maximum numbers of usable microcuttings were harvested in the 3rd and 4th recultures. Productivity varied among the 3 clones, with accession 800374 the most prolific and accession 800057 the least. The microcutting height was the same for all 5 recultures of accessions 800374 and 620014, whereas, in accession 800057 the height declined from the 1st through the 5th reculture. The microcutting quality rating was similar throughout all recultures of accessions 800374 and 620014, but accession 800057 produced higher quality microcuttings in the 3rd reculture than in the 5th reculture. Rooting of microcuttings in soilless medium increased from the 1st to the 5th reculture for all 3 clones, reaching more than 97% for the last 2 harvests.
Influence of an Anion Exchange Resin on Phosphorus and Sulfur Leaching from a Soilless Container Medium
Authors: Yeager Thomas H. , Barrett James E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Research indicates P and S leach rapidly from soilless media amended with ordinary superphosphate (2). Since these elements are in the form of anions, an amendment with a high anion exchange capacity may reduce their leaching from soilless media. In the following study, an anion exchange resin was used to test this theory.
‘Einset Seedless’ Grape
Authors: Reisch B. I. , Remaily G. W. , Pool R. M. , Watson J. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Einset Seedless’ is an early maturing, red, seedless table grape (Fig. 1) released by the Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N.Y. It follows the previous release (2) of 43 table grape and 2 wine grape cultivars since the onset of grape breeding at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in the late 19th century.
‘Freshmarket 9’ Tomato
Authors: Leeper P. W. , Cox E. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Freshmarket 9’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) sets over a wide range of temperatures (16° to 36°C) and humidities (above 80%), a characteristic that extends its production periods in spring and fall. ‘Freshmarket 9’ is a firm, deep-round tomato with superior crack resistance and is suited to vine ripe harvest. It is resistant to race 1 of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Synder and Hansen (fusarium wilt) and Stemphylium solani Weber (gray leaf spot). ‘Freshmarket 9’ was released in 1982 by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.
‘Melody’ Grape
Authors: Reisch B. I. , Pool R. M. , Watson J. P. , Robinson W. B. , Cottrell T. H. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Melody’ is a late midseason, white wine grape (Fig. 1) which produces a vinifera-type wine with varietal character. In addition, ‘Melody’ does not require cluster thinning and is moderately resistant to powdery mildew [Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr.]. It is the 3rd wine grape cultivar to be named by the Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Geneva, N.Y., and follows the release of ‘Cayuga White’ (1) and ‘Horizon’ (2). It is the first in a series of wine grape releases from this station to be given a name with a musical theme.
Interspecific Hybridization in Malus
Authors: Korban Safi S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Modem taxonomists classify the genus Malus into 25 to 30 species and several subspecies (9, 25). Most species of this genus intercross freely, since there are no evident physiological and genetic barriers. Moreover, collections of Malus found in arboreta are classified inadequately and usually are grown from seed which is generally a result of interspecific or intraspecific hybrids (9).
A Review of Interspecific Hybridization in Rubus
Authors: Lawrence F. J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The genus Rubus has had considerable study, and reviews of the breeding work have been through (12, 68, 69, 76, 84). Although much progress has been made, all authors agree more is possible. This paper covers some of the successes, problems, and techniques used in the crossing of various species of Rubus. The basic chromosome number in Rubus is x = 7, and Rubus species range from 2x to 12x. Rubus species are found worldwide, from the tropics to above the Arctic Circle, offering a vast resource of germplasm for breeding purposes.
Induction of Lateral Branching in Chinese Hibiscus with Mefluidide
Authors: Woodson William R. , Raiford Timothy J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mefluidide was applied as a foliar spray to the point of runoff to plants of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. ‘Pink Versicolor’ at 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg/liter. Mefluidide treatment increased lateral branching, but inhibited the length of lateral growth and plant height as compared to untreated controls. Tip necrosis of young, expanding leaves was seen at the lowest mefluidide concentration, and increased to the point of severe defoliation of plants at the highest concentration. Mefluidide delayed flowering, but increased the number of flower buds produced. In a 2nd experiment, single and double spray applications of 0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/liter mefluidide were evaluated in comparison to hand-pinching the plants. Both pinching and mefluidide application increased the number of lateral shoots, compared to an untreated control. In contrast to pinched plants, mefluidide treatment inhibited the average length of the lateral shoots. Double applications of mefluidide inhibited plant height, lateral shoot number, and shoot length, as compared to single applications. Treatment with 10 mg/liter gibberellic acid following mefluidide applications was ineffective in reversing the effects of mefluidide on hibiscus growth. Chemical name used: N-[2,4-dimethyl-5-[[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amino]phenyl]acetamide (mefluidide).
Preemergence Herbicides for Radishes Grown on Organic Soils
Authors: Dusky J. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three studies were conducted to evaluate preemergence herbicides for weed control efficacy and crop tolerance in radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) grown on organic soils. Herbicides evaluated were CDEC, metolachlor, alachlor, pendimethalin, thiobencarb, propachlor, metribuzin, and pronamide. Control of both broadleaf and grass weed species was provided by most herbicides evaluated with little or no apparent visual loss in crop vigor except mebribuzin. Weed control efficacy was reduced during the 2nd study due to excessive rainfall. Weedy and hand-weeded checks consistently produced some of the highest yields, indicating possibly some toxicity to the crop due to herbicide treatment or an apparent lack of weed competition. Chemical names used: 2-chloroallyl diethyl-dithiocarbamate (CDEC); 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-l-methylethyl)acetamide(metolachlor); 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide (alachlor); N-(l-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitro benzenamine (pendimethalin); S-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl] diethylcarbamothioate (thiobencarb); 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide (propachlor); 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one(metribuzin), and 3,5-dichloro(N-l,l-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide (pronamide).
Interactive Effects of Sewage Effluent Irrigation and Supplemental Fertilization on Container-grown Trees
Authors: Fitzpatrick George , Donselman Henry , Carter Nina S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Twenty species of ornamental trees were grown for 12-16 months in 50 cm diameter (“20 gallon”) containers. Six individuals of each species were irrigated with tap water from a public potable water supply and 6 with secondary treated sewage effluent from a wastewater treatment facility. Three individuals within each irrigation treatment received controlled-release fertilizer applications and 3 received no supplemental fertilization. The effluent irrigation significantly accelerated growth in 4 species: orchid tree (Bauhinia variegata L.), baldcypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) L. Rich), coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.), and black iron wood (Krugiodendron ferreum [Vahl] Urban). The addition of supplemental fertilization accelerated growth in 7 species: orchid tree, ficus (Ficus benjamina L.), black olive (Bucida buceras L.), satin leaf (Chrysophyllum oliviforme L.), royal poinciana (Delonix regia [Bojer] Raf.), silver buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus var. sericeus Fors. ex DC.), and blolly (Pisonia discolor Spreng.). A significant interaction occurred between irrigation and fertilization in 3 species: orchid tree, red cedar (Juniperus silicicola [Small] L. H. Bailey), and lignum vitae (Guaicum sanctum L.). The remaining 8 species grew at rates that were not significantly influenced, one way or another, by either source of irrigation or supplemental fertilization.
Effect of Runner Removal on Strawberry Fruiting Response
Authors: Albregts E. E. , Howard C. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Using the annual hill cultural system, runners of 2 strawberry cultivars were removed twice monthly, monthly, or left on the plants during each of 2 seasons. An additional treatment was the transplanting of runners into the planting slits of the original transplants followed by removal of the original transplants when the runners became established. ‘Tufts’ produced 2 to 8 times more runners than ‘Dover’, over a 2 to 3 month period instead of one month as with ‘Dover’. Early marketable yields of ‘Tufts’ were reduced each season when runners remained attached to the fruiting plants, and the total marketable yield was reduced for the 2nd season as well. Yields were reduced because of fewer marketable-size fruit. ‘Dover’ yields were unaffected by runner removal treatments. Early and total marketable fruit yields of the runner plants of both cultivars were reduced each season compared to other treatments. Early yields of ‘Dover’ were greater than those of ‘Tufts’.
Today's Horticulture: A Challenge
Authors: Austin Max E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Is horticulture more popular than jogging? The results of a Don Bowdren Associates survey indicate that 52% of the population is engaged in some form of horticulture, compared to only 27% that jog. These people have discovered what we have long known —that horticulture is everywhere. Horticulture is a science, an art, a profession, a business, an industry, a vocation, an avocation, a way of life involving millions of people! As that way of life changes—and people's needs change—horticulture adapts.
Analyzing Greenhouse Growth Media by the Saturation Extraction Method
Authors: Warncke D. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Growth media used for growing containerized plants in greenhouses have changed greatly since the initiation of the Spurway test procedure (8). Well-aggregated field soils gradually gave way to mixtures of soil and manufactured coarse amendments and eventually to soilless growth media. Along with these changes in growth media composition came changes in physical and chemical properties—some desirable, some not so desirable. Field soils generally have a high-nutrient capacity value and a low-intensity factor. The level of the capacity factor has decreased as the change in growth media composition has taken place. Geraldson (1-3) developed an “intensity and balance” analysis system for the unique, sandy soils of Florida; soils that provide little buffering capacity. He found the concentration (intensity) and balance of nutrients in the soil solution to be important when the capacity factor was small. Similarly, the concentration and balance of nutrients in the solution phase of greenhouse growth media today have become important to plant growth and quality.
Conclusions to the Symposium
Authors: Bilderback T. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The major objectives of this symposium were to present procedures in current use for evaluating the elemental status of organic substrates and to identify those factors that have led to confusion in the interpretation of analyses. Selection of an acceptable standard procedure for adaptation as a routine test method could reduce conflicting interpretation of obtained results. However, none of the procedures presented can be performed with complete congruency. Although standardization may serve routine soil testing needs, it may not satisfy needs for organic media testing when exchangeable nutrient levels or precise concentrations accounting for substrate moisture content must be established. Procedures discussed in this symposium are all useful for meeting specific needs, and are presented in sufficient detail so that each procedure could be individually evaluated. The most prominent considerations expressed throughout the symposium are reemphasized as follows.
Comparison of Drip and Furrow Irrigation for Muskmelon Production
Authors: Bogle C. R. , Hartz T. K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Drip and furrow irrigation of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. ‘Perlita’) were compared in 1983 in Weslaco, Texas. Drip irrigation at 40% or 20% available soil water depletion (SWD) in the surface 30 cm of soil required 25% and 42%, respectively, of the irrigation water volume required by furrow irrigation at 40% SWD. There was a trend toward earliness and increased total and marketable yields with drip irrigation. Neither fruit size distribution nor cull percentage was affected by irrigation method. In 1984, drip irrigation at 20%, 40%, or 60% SWD showed increased muskmelon yield with increased water application. Drip irrigation regime did not influence earliness, fruit size distribution, or soluble solids content. Highest water use efficiency, 181 kg marketable fruit·ha−1·mm−1 total water (irrigation + rainfall), was recorded in the 40% SWD treatment.
European Red Mite on Yield, Fruit Quality, and Growth of Peach Trees
Authors: McClernan William A. , Marini Richard P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Three European red mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) population densities (0, 50, and >100 mites/leaf) were maintained on 7-year-old ‘Cresthaven’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees for 2 seasons. The trees produced a crop only during the first season, but accumulations of 3600 mite-days prior to harvest did not significantly influence yield and fruit quality. Seasonal accumulations of 8900 mite-days did not influence tree growth.
Inhibition of Fruit Abscission in Apple with Night-break Red Light
Authors: Greene Duane W. , Craker Lyle E. , Brooks Carolyn K. , Kadkade Prakash , Bottecelli Charles 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Richared Delicious’ trees received 10 μW·cm−2 of red light, peaking at 660 nm for 1.5 or 15 min nightly at midnight from full bloom until the end of “June drop” in early July. Both light treatments reduced abscission during the June drop period. ‘McIntosh’ apple trees received 10 or 200 μW·cm−2 of red light for 15 min at midnight, beginning in mid-August and continuing nightly until mid-October. Preharvest drop of fruit was delayed considerably one year and slightly reduced the 2nd year. With either cultivar, light treatment had no effect on fruit size, fruit quality, or return bloom in either year.
Response of Container-grown Banana, Ixora, Citrus, and Dracaena to Elevated Root Temperatures
Authors: Ingram Dewayne L. , Ramcharan Christopher , Nell Terril A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Root systems of ‘Grande Name’ banana (Musa spp. L., AAA Group), Ixora coccinea L., Dracaena marginata L., and ‘Carrizo’ citrange [Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck) × Poncirus trifoliata L.(Raf.)] were exposed to temperatures of 28°, 34°, and 40°C for 6 hr daily for 90 days. Root zone temperature did not affect dry weight of shoots or roots of ixora or citrus, but the 40° treatment increased the shoot to root ratio, S:R. Banana shoot dry weight decreased linearly with increasing root zone temperature, but root dry weight was not affected. The 40° root temperature regime reduced root dry weight in dracaena but not shoot dry weight. Absolute concentrations of sugars and starch in shoots and roots of the 4 test plants did not differ with root temperature, but the ratio of sugars to starch in roots was reduced in ixora and increased in banana by the 40° treatment.
Chemical Stimulation of Floral Initiation in Florists’ Hydrangea
Authors: Bailey Douglas A. , Weiler Thomas C. , Kirk Terri I. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ancymidol and paclobutrazol (13 weekly foliar spray applications of 100 mg/liter AI) stimulated inflorescence initiation of Hydrangea macrophylla Ser. ‘Merritt's Supreme’ plants under a noninductive continuous photoperiod at 24°C minimum daily temperature. Inflorescence primordia were present on plants having 12-14 subtending leaf pairs. Four expanded leaf pairs prior to initiation of treatments were sufficient to sustain inflorescence development. Plant height was controlled effectively with 10,000 mg/liter daminozide, 50 and 100 mg/liter ancymidol, and 100 mg/liter paclobutrazol treatments. Chlormequat at 3000 mg/liter did not suppress internodal elongation. Number of expanded leaf pairs per plant was significantly less than on control plants for all treatments except chlormequat at 3000 mg/liter. Chemical names used: α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol); β[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-1H-l,2,4-triazole-l-ethanol (paclobutrazol); butanedioic acid mono (2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide); [2-chloro-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride (chlormequat chloride); 1H-indole-3-butanoic acid (IBA).
Influence of an Aluminum Amendment on Phosphorus Leaching from a Container Medium
Authors: Yeager Thomas H. , Barrett James E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Columns of an incubated (25°C, 11% volumetric moisture for 30 days) 2 milled pine bark : 1 Canadian sphagnum peat : 1 builders’ sand (by volume) medium amended with the equivalent of 270 g P·m−3 from radioactive superphosphate (8.7% P) and the equivalent of 0, 33, 200, or 1200 g Al·m−3 from aluminum acetate (13.2% Al) were leached daily with 16 ml deionized water. Eighty percent of the 32P amendment leached during days one to 21 from the medium not amended with Al, whereas 0.3% leached when amended with 1200 g Al·m−3. Leachate 32P levels ranged from 840, 711, 91, and 2.0 μg·ml−1 on day 1 to 2.3, 3.3, 7.6, and 0.9 μg·ml−1 on day 77 for the medium with Al amendments of 0, 33, 200, and 1200 g·m−3, respectively.