bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Two-Phase CFD Air/Mist Film Cooling Model With Experimental Details—Part II: Computational Model Validation
Authors: Abdelmaksoud Ramy , Wang Ting , Zhao Lei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this Part II of the paper, a numerical study has been performed to validate the multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model by comparing its results to the experimental data of an air/mist film cooling study presented in Part I. The complete experimental test section was simulated including all the details such as five holes, side walls effect, partially opened top wall, the conjugate bottom wall, the initial droplet distributions from the actual data, and the long boundary layer developing region upstream of the cooling holes. The effects of different particle distributions, the breakup and coalescence models, and the conjugate wall on the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness were investigated. The multiphase CFD model employs an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. The Eulerian method is used for the continuous phase including air and water vapor, and the Lagrangian method in terms of the discrete phase model (DPM) is used to simulate the dispersed phase of liquid droplets in a continuous phase of air–water vapor mixture. The overall consistency between the computational prediction and experimental data is within 0.2% for the air-only case and 7% for the mist case. The results showed that considering the wall using the conjugate heat transfer technique significantly provided better agreement with the experimental data than without including the wall. The non-uniform particle distribution provided better agreement with the experimental results near the film cooling hole exit.
Numerical Study of Double-Jet Film Cooling on a Semi-Cylindrical Leading Edge
Authors: Hang Jin , Zhang Jing-Zhou 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
A numerical investigation is performed for double-jet film cooling (DJFC) on a semi-cylindrical leading edge under four momentum flux ratios. Three rows of film cooling holes are distributed on the leading edge, wherein DJFC units are applied at ± 30 deg lines and the film cooling holes at the stagnation line remain in cylindrical shape in the baseline case. Totally, nine cases of DJFC units are designed by altering the spanwise spacing, streamwise spacing, and streamwise injection angle, while keeping the spanwise injection angle unchanged. The results show that proper layout of DJFC unit produces a “branched” spreading feature of jet trajectories, attributed to the formation of the anti-kidney vortex pair. Evaluated in the spatially averaged results on the semi-cylindrical leading-edge surface, DJFC could increase the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness up 20% at I = 1.3 with respect to the baseline case. Among the current geometric parameters in the DJFC unit, the spanwise spacing is an important parameter affecting the jet spreading feature. In relative to the spanwise spacing, the streamwise injection angle shows a weaker influence on vortical structures in the downstream flowfield. A larger spanwise spacing produces a greater adiabatic film cooling effectiveness but also a little bigger heat transfer coefficient. A similar trend is also demonstrated for the streamwise injection angle. The streamwise spacing has nearly no influence on the spatially averaged heat transfer coefficient. A smaller streamwise spacing is more promising for increasing adiabatic film cooling effectiveness.
Diagnostic evaluation and cardiopulmonary exercise test findings in young athletes with persistent symptoms following COVID-19
Authors: Moulson Nathaniel , Gustus Sarah K , Scirica Christina , Petek Bradley J , Vanatta Caroyln , Churchill Timothy W , Guseh James Sawalla , Baggish Aaron , Wasfy Meagan M 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesPersistent or late-onset cardiopulmonary symptoms following COVID-19 may occur in athletes despite a benign initial course. We examined the yield of cardiac evaluation, including cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), in athletes with cardiopulmonary symptoms after COVID-19, compared CPETs in these athletes and those without COVID-19 and evaluated longitudinal changes in CPET with improvement in symptoms.MethodsThis prospective cohort study evaluated young (18–35 years old) athletes referred for cardiopulmonary symptoms that were present>28 days from COVID-19 diagnosis. CPET findings in post-COVID athletes were compared with a matched reference group of healthy athletes without COVID-19. Post-COVID athletes underwent repeat CPET between 3 and 6 months after initial evaluation.ResultsTwenty-one consecutive post-COVID athletes with cardiopulmonary symptoms (21.9±3.9 years old, 43% female) were evaluated 3.0±2.1 months after diagnosis. No athlete had active inflammatory heart disease. CPET reproduced presenting symptoms in 86%. Compared with reference athletes (n=42), there was similar peak VO2but a higher prevalence of abnormal spirometry (42%) and low breathing reserve (42%). Thirteen athletes (62%) completed longitudinal follow-up (4.8±1.9 months). The majority (69%) had reduction in cardiopulmonary symptoms, accompanied by improvement in peak VO2and oxygen pulse, and reduction in resting and peak heart rate (all p<0.05).ConclusionDespite a high burden of cardiopulmonary symptoms after COVID-19, no athlete had active inflammatory heart disease. CPET was clinically useful to reproduce symptoms with either normal testing or identification of abnormal spirometry as a potential therapeutic target. Improvement in post-COVID symptoms was accompanied by improvements in CPET parameters.
Importance of sex and gender factors for COVID-19 infection and hospitalisation: a sex-stratified analysis using machine learning in UK Biobank data
Authors: Azizi Zahra , Shiba Yumika , Alipour Pouria , Maleki Farhad , Raparelli Valeria , Norris Colleen , Forghani Reza , Pilote Louise , El Emam Khaled 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo examine sex and gender roles in COVID-19 test positivity and hospitalisation in sex-stratified predictive models using machine learning.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingUK Biobank prospective cohort.ParticipantsParticipants tested between 16 March 2020 and 18 May 2020 were analysed.Main outcome measuresThe endpoints of the study were COVID-19 test positivity and hospitalisation. Forty-two individuals’ demographics, psychosocial factors and comorbidities were used as likely determinants of outcomes. Gradient boosting machine was used for building prediction models.ResultsOf 4510 individuals tested (51.2% female, mean age=68.5±8.9 years), 29.4% tested positive. Males were more likely to be positive than females (31.6% vs 27.3%, p=0.001). In females, living in more deprived areas, lower income, increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, working night shifts and living with a greater number of family members were associated with a higher likelihood of COVID-19 positive test. While in males, greater body mass index and LDL to HDL ratio were the factors associated with a positive test. Older age and adverse cardiometabolic characteristics were the most prominent variables associated with hospitalisation of test-positive patients in both overall and sex-stratified models.ConclusionHigh-risk jobs, crowded living arrangements and living in deprived areas were associated with increased COVID-19 infection in females, while high-risk cardiometabolic characteristics were more influential in males. Gender-related factors have a greater impact on females; hence, they should be considered in identifying priority groups for COVID-19 infection vaccination campaigns.
Effects of switching from a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor to oral semaglutide on glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: protocol for a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, parallel-group comparison study (the SWITCH-SEMA 2 study)
Authors: Nomoto Hiroshi , Furusawa Sho , Nakamura Akinobu , Takeuchi Jun , Nagai So , Yokoyama Hiroki , Sakuma Ichiro , Taneda Shinji , Kurihara Yoshio , Aoki Shin , Miya Aika , Kameda Hiraku , Cho Kyu Yong , Atsumi Tatsuya , Miyoshi Hideaki 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionIncretin-based therapies exert antihyperglycaemic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a blood glucose concentration-dependent fashion. The first-in-class oral glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide has potent effects on glycaemic and weight control, but little evidence has been published for the superiority of semaglutide for glycaemic control in patients after switching from a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. Therefore, we aim to verify the efficacy of oral semaglutide in patients with T2D being treated with a DPP-4 inhibitor.Methods and analysisThis study is a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, parallel-group trial. In total, 172 participants with T2D who have been treated with a DPP-4 inhibitor for more than 12 weeks and who have a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level of 7.0%–9.9% will be randomised to continue using their existing DPP-4 inhibitor or switch to oral semaglutide for 24 weeks. Biochemical analyses and physical assessment will be performed, and adverse events will be recorded at baseline and at the end of the study. The primary endpoint will be the effect of oral semaglutide on the change in HbA1c. The secondary endpoints will be the mean changes in body weight, abdominal circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), pulse rate, the relationship between improvement of metabolic parameters including HbA1c and patient background characteristics, side effects and other laboratory parameters.Ethics and disseminationThis will be the first study to compare the effects of switching from a DPP-4 inhibitor to oral semaglutide on glycaemic control in patients with T2D. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences. Hokkaido University Certified Review Board (CRB no.1180001) has approved the protocol (no. 020–013).Trial registration numberUMIN000045270 in the University Hospital Medical Information Network; jRCT1011210032 in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials.
Cross-sectional internet survey exploring women’s knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding urinary tract infection-related symptoms in the Netherlands
Authors: Cox Stefan Martinus Leonardus , van Hoof Minke W E M , Lo-A-Foe Kelly , Dinant Geert-Jan , Oudhuis Guy J , Savelkoul Paul , Cals Jochen W L , de Bont Eefje G P M 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most prevalent cause for women to consult a general practitioner (GP) and are commonly treated with (broad-spectrum) empirical antibiotics, even though 50% of UTIs are self-limiting. In this study, we aim to explore women’s attitudes and experiences regarding UTIs, in order to determine patients’ willingness to accept delayed antibiotic prescriptions.DesignAn internet-based cross-sectional surveySettingWe recruited participants during 2 weeks of March and April in 2020 through several social media platforms.ParticipantsWe obtained 1476 responses, of which 975 were eligible for analysis.ResultsWe asked women about their knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding UTI-related symptoms. Participants ranked ‘confirmation of diagnosis’ (43.8%) as the most important reason to consult a GP with urinary symptoms, followed by ‘pain relief’ (32%), and ‘antibiotic prescription’ (14.3%). For treatment, 71% of participants reported that their GP prescribed immediate antibiotics, while only 3% received a delayed antibiotic prescription and 1% was advised pain medication. Furthermore, 50% of respondents were aware of the possible self-limiting course of UTIs and 70% would be willing to accept delayed antibiotic treatment, even if a certain diagnosis of UTI was established. Willingness to delay was lower in experienced patients compared to inexperienced patients.ConclusionsWomen are quite receptive to delayed antibiotics as an alternative to immediate antibiotics for UTIs or urinary symptoms. GPs should consider discussing delayed antibiotic treatment more often with women presenting with urinary symptoms.
Video recording as an objective assessment tool of health worker performance in neonatal resuscitation at a district hospital in Pemba, Tanzania: a feasibility study
Authors: Holm-Hansen Charlotte Carina , Poulsen Anja , Skytte Tine Bruhn , Stensgaard Christina Nadia , Bech Christine Manich , Lopes Mads Nathaniel , Kristiansen Mads , Kjærgaard Jesper , Mzee Said , Ali Said , Ame Shaali , Sorensen Jette Led , Greisen Gorm , Lund Stine 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of using video recordings of neonatal resuscitation (NR) to evaluate the quality of care in a low-resource district hospital.DesignProspective observational feasibility study.SettingChake-Chake Hospital, a district hospital in Pemba, Tanzania, in April and May 2019.ParticipantsAll delivering women and their newborns were eligible for participation.Main outcome measuresMotion-triggered cameras were mounted on resuscitation tables and provided recordings that were analysed for quality of care indicators based on the national NR algorithm. Assessment of feasibility was conducted using Bowen’s 8-point framework for feasibility studies.Results91% (126 of 139) of women and 96% (24 of 26) of health workers were comfortable or very comfortable with the video recordings. Of 139 newborns, 8 underwent resuscitation with bag and mask ventilation. In resuscitations, heat loss prevention measures were not performed in half of the cases (four of eight), clearing the airway was not performed correctly in five of eight cases, and all newborns were suctioned vigorously and repeatedly, even when not indicated. In a quarter (two of eight) of cases, the newborn’s head was not positioned correctly. Additionally, two of the eight newborns needing ventilation were not ventilated within the first minute of life. In none of the eight cases did ventilation appear to be performed effectively.ConclusionsIt proved feasible to use video recordings to assess quality of care during NR in a low-resource setting, and the method was considered acceptable for the delivering women and health workers. Recordings of eight resuscitations all demonstrated deviations from NR guidelines.
129Xe MRI ventilation defects in ever-hospitalised and never-hospitalised people with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome
Authors: Kooner Harkiran K , McIntosh Marrissa J , Matheson Alexander M , Venegas Carmen , Radadia Nisarg , Ho Terence , Haider Ehsan Ahmed , Konyer Norman B , Santyr Giles E , Albert Mitchell S , Ouriadov Alexei , Abdelrazek Mohamed , Kirby Miranda , Dhaliwal Inderdeep , Nicholson J Michael , Nair Parameswaran , Svenningsen Sarah , Parraga Grace 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundPatients often report persistent symptoms beyond the acute infectious phase of COVID-19. Hyperpolarised129Xe MRI provides a way to directly measure airway functional abnormalities; the clinical relevance of129Xe MRI ventilation defects in ever-hospitalised and never-hospitalised patients who had COVID-19 has not been ascertained. It remains unclear if persistent symptoms beyond the infectious phase are related to small airways disease and ventilation heterogeneity. Hence, we measured129Xe MRI ventilation defects, pulmonary function and symptoms in ever-hospitalised and never-hospitalised patients who had COVID-19 with persistent symptoms consistent with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS).MethodsConsenting participants with a confirmed diagnosis of PACS completed129Xe MRI, CT, spirometry, multi-breath inert-gas washout, 6-minute walk test, St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale, modified Borg scale and International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Consenting ever-COVID volunteers completed129Xe MRI and pulmonary function tests only.ResultsSeventy-six post-COVID and nine never-COVID participants were evaluated. Ventilation defect per cent (VDP) was abnormal and significantly greater in ever-COVID as compared with never-COVID participants (p<0.001) and significantly greater in ever-hospitalised compared with never-hospitalised participants who had COVID-19 (p=0.048), in whom diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon-monoxide (p=0.009) and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) (p=0.005) were also significantly different.129Xe MRI VDP was also related to the 6MWD (p=0.02) and post-exertional SpO2(p=0.002). Participants with abnormal VDP (≥4.3%) had significantly worse 6MWD (p=0.003) and post-exertional SpO2(p=0.03).Conclusion129Xe MRI VDP was significantly worse in ever-hospitalised as compared with never-hospitalised participants and was related to 6MWD and exertional SpO2but not SGRQ or mMRC scores.Trial registration numberNCT05014516.
Heart Rate Variability and Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Shi Wei , Zhang Jing , Chen Dan , Chen Xiaolei , Duan Wei , Zhang Hongmei 
Published: May 2022

To evaluate whether heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China. 392 individuals of T2DM were entered in this study, all these subjects undertook the Holter electrocardiogram for 24 hours to get the HRV parameters. Of these T2DM patients, 126 (37.3%) had CKD, and most of the HRV parameters were lower in this group than in those without CKD. Decreased HRV parameters were strongly related with CKD in Spearman’s correlation analysis. After adjustments for variables, the logistic regression showed that standard deviation of the averaged normal RR intervals for all 5-minute segments (SDANN) was independently associated with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (

eGFR
<
60

mL/min/1.73 m2) (

OR
=
0.988

; 95% CI, 0.978-0.998;

P
=
0.015

) and increased urine albumin : creatinine

ratio

UACR

≥
30

mg/g Cr (

OR
=
0.992

; 95% CI, 0.985-0.998;

P
=
0.015

). A decreased 24-hour time domain HRV parameter, SDANN, was strongly associated with both eGFR and UACR among Chinese T2DM.
Morphological, Histological, and Physiological Responses of Female Orange Mud Crab, Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796), Fed with Different Dietary Lipid Levels
Authors: Aaqillah-Amr Mohd Amran , Hidir Ariffin , Waiho Khor , Fazhan Hanafiah , Ahmad-Ideris Abdul Rahim , Muhammad-Zulhilmi Ramlee , Peng Teoh Hong , Abualreesh Muyassar H. , Noordiyana Mat Noordin , Ma Hongyu , Ikhwanuddin Mhd 
Published: May 2022

The main focus of the study was to assess the effect of lipid levels on the reproduction of the female orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea. Four isonitrogenous feed (~420 g/kg) were formulated with different lipid percentages:

T
1
=
60

g
/
kg

,

T
2
=
80

g
/
kg

,

T
3
=
100

g
/
kg

, and

T
4
=
120

g
/
kg

. A feeding trial was carried out on 120 matured female mud crabs for 90 days with 30 replicates in each treatment. Based on the morphological, histological, and hormonal analysis of each crab, the performances of each experimental diet were tested. The results of the experiment disclosed positive body weight gain (BWG) and specific growth rate (SGR), with the highest value recorded in crabs that were fed T4 (BWG:

14.43
±
1.14

g

; SGR:

0.10
±
0.01
%
da

y

−
1

). The highest gonado-somatic index (GSI) and hepato-somatic index (HSI) were noted in mud crabs that were fed T4, each with a value of

14.51
±
1.13
%

and

5.23
±
0.55
%

, respectively (

P
<
0.05

). The histological assessment revealed that the highest oocyte diameter was recorded in mud crabs fed T4 (

192.80
±
21.93

μm), where the oocyte diameter was correlated with the progesterone (Pg) concentrations in the ovary with

r
=
0.73

. Evidence also indicated that Pg and estradiol (E2) are important in the ovarian development in S. olivacea and their concentrations were affected by the lipid levels. An overall analysis revealed that 120 g/kg of lipid in the diet contributes to optimal reproductive performance in Scylla olivacea. Yet, a further experiment is expected to be carried out in the future to determine the nutrient-dose response as 120 g/kg lipid may not be the optimum lipid level for reproductive and growth performance in S. olivacea. Moreover, the extrapolation of data from this study can be used as guidelines in feed formulation for developments in future research in adult crustaceans.
Activity and Resistance of a Brain-Permeable Paradox Breaker BRAF Inhibitor in Melanoma Brain Metastasis
Authors: Bonfill-Teixidor Ester , Iurlaro Raffaella , Handl Cornelia , Wichmann Jürgen , Arias Alexandra , Cuartas Isabel , Emmenegger Jasmin , Romagnani Andrea , Mangano Luca , Lorber Thomas , Berrera Marco , Godfried Sie Christina , Köchl Fabian , Eckmann Jan , Feddersen Romi , Kornacker Martin , Schnetzler Gabriel , Cicuendez Marta , Cordero Esteban , Topczewski Thomaz E. , Ferres-Pijoan Abel , González Josep , Martínez-Ricarte Francisco , Muñoz-Couselo Eva , Tabernero Josep , Bischoff James R. , Pettazzoni Piergiorgio , Seoane Joan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

The therapeutic benefit of approved BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi) in patients with brain metastatic BRAF V600E/K–mutated melanoma is limited and transient. Resistance largely occurs through the restoration of MAPK signaling via paradoxical BRAF activation, highlighting the need for more effective therapeutic options. Aiming to address this clinical challenge, we characterized the activity of a potent, brain-penetrant paradox breaker BRAFi (compound 1a, C1a) as first-line therapy and following progression upon treatment with approved BRAFi and BRAFi/MEKi therapies. C1a activity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in melanoma cell lines and patient-derived models of BRAF V600E–mutant melanoma brain metastases following relapse after treatment with BRAFi/MEKi. C1a showed superior efficacy compared with approved BRAFi in both subcutaneous and brain metastatic models. Importantly, C1a manifested potent and prolonged antitumor activity even in models that progressed on BRAFi/MEKi treatment. Analysis of mechanisms of resistance to C1a revealed MAPK reactivation under drug treatment as the predominant resistance-driving event in both subcutaneous and intracranial tumors. Specifically, BRAF kinase domain duplication was identified as a frequently occurring driver of resistance to C1a. Combination therapies of C1a and anti–PD-1 antibody proved to significantly reduce disease recurrence. Collectively, these preclinical studies validate the outstanding antitumor activity of C1a in brain metastasis, support clinical investigation of this agent in patients pretreated with BRAFi/MEKi, unveil genetic drivers of tumor escape from C1a, and identify a combinatorial treatment that achieves long-lasting responses.

Significance:
A brain-penetrant BRAF inhibitor demonstrates potent activity in brain metastatic melanoma, even upon relapse following standard BRAF inhibitor therapy, supporting further investigation into its clinical utility.