bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mean area of the convex hull of a run and tumble particle in two dimensions
Authors: Singh Prashant , Kundu Anupam , Majumdar Satya N , Schawe Hendrik 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We investigate the statistics of the convex hull for a single run-and-tumble particle (RTP) in two dimensions. RTP, also known as the persistent random walker, has gained significant interest in the recent years due to its biological application in modelling the motion of bacteria. We consider two different statistical ensembles depending on whether (i) the total number of tumbles n or (ii) the total observation time t is kept fixed. Benchmarking the results on the perimeter, we study the statistical properties of the area of the convex hull for a RTP. Exploiting the connections to extreme value statistics, we obtain exact analytical expressions for the mean area for both ensembles. For fixed-t ensemble, we show that the mean area possesses a scaling form in γt (with γ being the tumbling rate) and the corresponding scaling function is exactly computed. Interestingly, we find that it exhibits a crossover from ∼t
3 scaling at small times

t
≪

γ

−
1

to ∼t scaling at large times

t
≫

γ

−
1

. On the other hand, for fixed-n ensemble, the mean expectedly grows linearly with n for n ≫ 1. All our analytical findings are supported with the numerical simulations.
Mechanical Performance of Mortar and Concrete Using Borneo Wood Sawdust as Replacement of Fine Aggregate
Authors: Prasetia I , Putera D P , Pratiwi A Y 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the utilization of wood sawdust from Borneo Island as a replacement for fine aggregate. For that purpose, two types of sawdust will be used, which are sawdust from ulin wood (Eusideroxylon Zwageri) and meranti wood (Shorea spp.). Subsequently, to test the effectiveness of replacing fine aggregate with sawdust, the compressive strength tests were carried out for mortar and concrete samples. Furthermore, the fine aggregate replacement ratio in all samples was set to 2.5% and 5% for both types of sawdust. Moreover, samples were also made by adding 0.5 kg/m3 and 1 kg/m3 of ulin and meranti sawdust to the concrete mixture. The compressive strength results of mortar samples show that sawdust from ulin wood has a better effect compared to meranti wood. In addition, the combination of sawdust from ulin and meranti gave a better effect in increasing the strength of the mortar samples. The same pattern could also be observed in the concrete samples, where ulin wood sawdust provides a good strength-enhancing effect, especially when used as an addition to the fine aggregate. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use sawdust, especially from ulin wood, as a material for making green concrete.
Optimisation of Recoverable Horizontal Deformation and Size Ratio of Compacted Rubberized Stone Mastic Asphalt Based on Rubber and Binder Contents Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Noura Sajjad , Al Sabaeei Abdulnaser M. , Ismat Gailan , Mirzapour Mounes Sina , Muniandi Ratnasamy , Al-Mansob Ramez , Carter Alan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The use of waste materials such as rubber powder in stone mastic asphalt (SMA) has improved the structural performance to some extent, and the research on the improvement is still ongoing. Rubberised stone mastic asphalt has shown good performance in terms of resilient modulus. In this research, response surface methodology was utilised to increase the efficiency in determining the recoverable horizontal deformation and samples compaction level using optimum rubber and binder content. Thirty-one tests were performed on different binders and rubber contents, and the recoverable horizontal deformation and ratio of height to the diameter of Marshall compacted samples were recorded. The ANOVA analysis showed a low P-value with a high correlation coefficient, and the optimisation showed that adding almost 3% rubber powder to SMA could improve the compaction level and desirable recoverable deformation.
The Feasibility and Performance of Self Compacting Concrete on Various Size and Proportion of Locally Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Chairunnisa N , Krasna W A , Nurdiansyah D 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an innovation concrete technology which can spread grout of concrete into the formwork without the need of vibrator. The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of SCC using locally available coarse aggregate sizes, proportion from total aggregate weight and chemical admixtures in producing of SCC. Two various sizes and percentages of coarse aggregates from total aggregate weight were investigated The influence of coarse aggregate size and proportion is determined in terms of fresh concrete and compressive strength under constant dosage of superplasticizer. Result of the research indicated that increasing the size of coarse aggregate in SCC mixtures from size of 10 mm to 12.5 mm can produce poor fairly mixtures in terms passing ability for both of specimens using 40% and 50% of coarse aggregate content in the SCC mixtures. Moreover, the augment of the volume content of coarse aggregate from 40% to 50% of total aggregate weight can improve the concrete compressive strength and the adding of superplasticizer in the mixtures can avoid segregation among aggregate particles. The result of experimental phase indicated that the equation from ACI 209R-92 can be utilized to predict the compressive strength of SCC mixtures at different ages
Utilization of Coconut Shell Ash as a Substitute Material in Paving Block Manufacturing
Authors: Nurwidayati R , Azima N N 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In this study, coconut shell ash (CSA) was used as a substitute for cement in the manufacture of paving blocks. The research aims to determine the CSA substitution effect on the mortar compressive strength. The replacement percentages were 0, 3, 5, 8, 10, and 12%. The immersed and wrapping with plastic were conducted as curing conditions. The mortar compressive strength was 24.97, 16.44, 15.26, 14.61, 14.25, 11.87 MPa for immersed curing at 28 days for 0, 3, 5, 8, 10, and 12%, respectively. While for wrapping plastic, the compressive strength was 21.97, 15.82, 15.10, 14.06, 13.21, and 12.62 MPa. Substitution of coconut shell ash reduced the compressive strength. Based on the optimum compressive strength of mortar, the paving block size of 20x10x6 cm was made and then cut into 6x6x6 cm. The compressive strength was 13.21, 12.02, and 9.65 MPa at the 0, 3, and 5% CSA substitution. The water absorption indicated almost similar around 7% for all substitutions. There were no defects such as cracks found, and the different weights before and after immersed in sodium sulfate were 0.1 to 0.3%.
Variability of Discharge Inflow in Wonorejo Reservoir, Indonesia
Authors: Margini Nastasia F. , Wardoyo Wasis , Anwar Nadjadji 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Discharge variability such as frequency and magnitude at certain seasons has the main control on the hydrological behavior of the river. This means a better understanding of discharge variability for reservoir inflow it can be used to manage water reservoir manajement more effectively during the wet year we can use more water, and during the dry season water saving must be done. This flow discharge variation was investigated using data for 18 years from 2003 to 2020 using data on the daily inflow gate of the Wonorejo Reservoir. This study was used to examine the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and statistical methods in the form of average annual discharge, standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to determine the relationship between rain and discharge that occurred. The results of this study show the variability of the discharge for wet, normal and dry years, as well as the distribution of, and changes in the stream flow record. This study is very valuable in order to know the trend of seasonal discharge that occurs, the estimated highest and lowest discharge, as well as the annual discharge cycle in the context of water resources management. Thus, the inflow discharge of the Wonorejo Reservoir from January 2003 to December 2020 shows that each time series follows a normal distribution with a probability percentage of a wet year and a dry year of 41% while a normal year is 11%.
Eco-design concept of street corridors as a city image forming
Authors: Amir Sjafril , Bonifacius Nurhamdoko , Poerwoningsih Dina 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Street corridor landscape is an important part of open space for city sustainability but is often neglected in urban development. Road corridors, connecting urban spaces can act as city gates because they provide a visual impact on the city. Urban road corridors are places for people with different social backgrounds, ages, and genders to engage in activities. The road corridor should play an important role in shaping the image of the city because it becomes a visual display case for the city gate. This article aims to find out the researchers’ views on the eco-design concept of road corridor landscapes that form the image of the city. The eco-design concept was proposed as an answer to the environmental, energy efficiency, and sustainability issues that are currently emerging, this is in line with the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive method, describing secondary data from research journals about the concept of ecodesign. The conclusion shows that the urban road corridor landscape can be arranged and improved with an eco-design concept strategy to improve the image of the city towards a sustainable city.
Pollutant Index Method in Determining the Water Quality Status of the Cimahi River in West Bandung Regency
Authors: Wardhani Eka , Primalaksono Yunus 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cimahi River is one of the sub-watersheds of the Citarum River. The upstream of the Cimahi River is located in the West Bandung Regency area through 7 villages namely Karyawangi, Cihanjuang, Cihanjuang Rahayu, Sukajaya, Padaasih, Jambudipa, and Kertawangi. The research was carried out at 3 points, namely monitoring point 1 at coordinates E 107°34‘41.01” S 06°47‘51.29”, point 2 at coordinates E 107°34‘24.36” S 06°48‘54.09”, and point 3 at coordinates E 107°33‘58.28” S06°50’ 05.33”. The purpose of this study is to determine the status of the water quality of the Cimahi River so that the level of water pollution that occurs can be known. The method used to calculate the status of water quality is the Pollutant Index which refers to the Decree of the State Minister of the Environment Number 115 of 2003 concerning Guidelines for the Status of Water Quality. Based on the research results, there are 6 main parameters that cause water pollution, namely TSS, BOD5, COD, Nitrite, Free Chlorine, and Total Detergent. The Pollutant Index results obtained in the Upper Cimahi River are categorized as heavily polluted with a significant increase from point 1 to 3, respectively 13.38 at point 1, 14.99 at point 2, and 15.36 at point 3. Source potential pollutants in this river are the domestic sector, agriculture, and livestock.
Bioink with cartilage-derived extracellular matrix microfibers enables spatial control of vascular capillary formation in bioprinted constructs
Authors: Terpstra Margo L , Li Jinyu , Mensinga Anneloes , de Ruijter Mylène , van Rijen Mattie H P , Androulidakis Charalampos , Galiotis Costas , Papantoniou Ioannis , Matsusaki Michiya , Malda Jos , Levato Riccardo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Microvasculature is essential for the exchange of gas and nutrient for most tissues in our body. Some tissue structures such as the meniscus presents spatially confined blood vessels adjacent to non-vascularized regions. In biofabrication, mimicking the spatial distribution of such vascular components is paramount, as capillary ingrowth into non-vascularized tissues can lead to tissue matrix alterations and subsequent pathology. Multi-material three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting strategies have the potential to resolve anisotropic tissue features, although building complex constructs comprising stable vascularized and non-vascularized regions remains a major challenge to date. In this study, we developed endothelial cell-laden pro- and anti-angiogenic bioinks, supplemented with bioactive matrix-derived microfibers (MFs) that were created from type I collagen sponges (col-1) and cartilage decellularized extracellular matrix (CdECM), respectively. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC)-driven capillary networks started to form 2 d after bioprinting. Supplementing cartilage-derived MFs to endothelial-cell laden bioinks reduced the total length of neo-microvessels by 29%, and the number of microvessel junctions by 37% after 14 d, compared to bioinks with pro-angiogenic col-1 MFs. As a proof of concept, the bioinks were bioprinted into an anatomical meniscus shape with a biomimetic vascularized outer and non-vascularized inner region, using a gellan gum microgel suspension bath. These 3D meniscus-like constructs were cultured up to 14 d, with in the outer zone the HUVEC-, mural cell-, and col-1 MF-laden pro-angiogenic bioink, and in the inner zone a meniscus progenitor cell (MPC)- and CdECM MF-laden anti-angiogenic bioink, revealing successful spatial confinement of the nascent vascular network only in the outer zone. Further, to co-facilitate both microvessel formation and MPC-derived matrix formation, we formulated cell culture medium conditions with a temporal switch. Overall, this study provides a new strategy that could be applied to develop zonal biomimetic meniscal constructs. Moreover, the use of ECM-derived MFs to promote or inhibit capillary networks opens new possibilities for the biofabrication of tissues with anisotropic microvascular distribution. These have potential for many applications including in vitro models of vascular-to-avascular tissue interfaces, cancer progression, and for testing anti-angiogenic therapies.
Simulation-based inference with approximately correct parameters via maximum entropy
Authors: Barrett Rainier , Ansari Mehrad , Ghoshal Gourab , White Andrew D 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInferring the input parameters of simulators from observations is a crucial challenge with applications from epidemiology to molecular dynamics. Here we show a simple approach in the regime of sparse data and approximately correct models, which is common when trying to use an existing model to infer latent variables with observed data. This approach is based on the principle of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and provably makes the smallest change in the latent joint distribution to fit new data. This method requires no likelihood or model derivatives and its fit is insensitive to prior strength, removing the need to balance observed data fit with prior belief. The method requires the ansatz that data is fit in expectation, which is true in some settings and may be reasonable in all settings with few data points. The method is based on sample reweighting, so its asymptotic run time is independent of prior distribution dimension. We demonstrate this MaxEnt approach and compare with other likelihood-free inference methods across three systems: a point particle moving in a gravitational field, a compartmental model of epidemic spread and molecular dynamics simulation of a protein.
School Finance Reforms and Juvenile Crime
Authors: Noghanibehambari Hamid 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several states initiated school finance reforms during the post-1990s, commonly named the “adequacy” era, with the primary purpose of providing adequate funding for low-income school districts. This article uses the space–time variation in court-ordered reforms in this period as shocks to school spending and investigates its effects on juvenile arrest rates and risky behaviors. Using a 2SLS-DDD approach and a wide range of data sets, I find that exposure to reform reduces the juvenile arrest rates, increases the likelihood of high school graduation, increases the time spent on educational activities, and reduces risky behaviors at schools. A 10$\%$ rise in real per-pupil spending is associated with 7.4 fewer arrests per 1,000 in the population aged 15–19. This rise is equivalent to a reduction of roughly 90,806 arrests annually. It also implies a minimum of 20$\%$ return in school spending due to the avoided costs of deterred crimes.
CCE in heterogenous fixed-T panels
Authors: Westerlund Joakim , Kaddoura Yousef 
Published: March 2022

Summary
The present paper shows that the CCE approach of Pesaran (2006) is more useful than commonly appreciated, in that it enables consistent and asymptotically normal estimation of interactive effects models with heterogeneous slope coefficients when the number of time periods, T, is fixed and only the number of cross-sectional units, N, is large.
Changes in Dietary Total and Nonheme Iron Intake Is Associated With Incident Frailty in Older Men: The Concord Health and Aging in Men Project
Authors: Luong Rebecca , Ribeiro Rosilene V , Rangan Anna , Naganathan Vasi , Blyth Fiona , Waite Louise M , Handelsman David J , Cumming Robert G , Le Couteur David G , Hirani Vasant 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundNutritional intake could influence the development of frailty. The aim was to evaluate the associations between dietary iron intakes and changes in dietary iron intakes with frailty.MethodsCross-sectional analyses involved 785 men with Fried frailty phenotype (FP) and 758 men with Rockwood frailty index (FI) data aged 75 years and older at nutrition assessment from the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project prospective cohort study. Of these, 563 men who were FP robust or prefrail, and 432 men who were FI nonfrail were included in the longitudinal analyses for more than 3 years. Dietary intake was assessed at both timepoints using a validated diet history questionnaire. The dietary calculation was used to derive heme iron and nonheme iron intakes from total iron intakes. The associations were evaluated through binary logistic regression.ResultsIncidence of FP frailty was 15.3% (n = 86). In longitudinal analyses, maintaining total iron intakes (medium tertile −2.61–0.81 mg/d), increases in total iron and nonheme iron intakes (high tertiles ≥0.82 mg/d and ≥0.80 mg/d), and changes in nonheme iron intake (1 mg increment) were associated with reduced risks of incident FP frailty (OR: 0.47 [95% confindence interval (CI): 0.24, 0.93, p = .031], OR 0.48 [95% CI: 0.23, 0.99, p = .048], OR 0.41 [95% CI: 0.20, 0.88, p = .022], and OR 0.89 [95% CI: 0.82, 0.98, p = .017]).ConclusionMaintaining or increases in total dietary iron and increases or changes in dietary nonheme iron intakes more than 3 years were associated with reduced incidence of FP frailty in older men.
Constitutional amendment and public will formation: Deliberative mini-publics as a tool for consensus democracy
Authors: Doyle Oran , Walsh Rachael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Constitutionalism is in the midst of both a participatory and a deliberative turn. In this article, we explore one aspect of this turn—the use of deliberative innovations to enhance constitutional amendment processes. Ireland has been cited as almost a paradigm case for such experimentation. We assess deliberative mini-publics’ potential as a tool for consensus democracy based on the experience and impact of the Irish Citizens’ Assembly that made recommendations for wholesale reform of Ireland’s abortion laws in 2018. We identify a “legislative-majority-plus” model for constitutional amendment deployed in most jurisdictions with master-text constitutions and on that basis, characterize constitutional amendment as an aspect of consensual, rather than competitive, democracy. Based on this understanding of the function of constitutional amendment processes, we argue that the Citizens’ Assembly played a significant role in the process of public will formation. In particular, it helped to generate political and public support for a particular form of liberalization—abortion on request within the first twelve weeks—and made it easier for legislators to avoid the incentives of electoral politics and formulate an amendment proposal that attracted wide support despite intense opposition. However, we raise concerns about the normative legitimacy of that impact, based on deficiencies in the representativeness of the Assembly, arguing that in order to be a tool for will formation, rather than manipulation, in respect of constitutional amendment, deliberative mini-publics should be designed so as to enhance their representativeness.
Evaluation of publication type tagging as a strategy to screen randomized controlled trial articles in preparing systematic reviews
Authors: Schneider Jodi , Hoang Linh , Kansara Yogeshwar , Cohen Aaron M , Smalheiser Neil R 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To produce a systematic review (SR), reviewers typically screen thousands of titles and abstracts of articles manually to find a small number which are read in full text to find relevant articles included in the final SR. Here, we evaluate a proposed automated probabilistic publication type screening strategy applied to the randomized controlled trial (RCT) articles (i.e., those which present clinical outcome results of RCT studies) included in a corpus of previously published Cochrane reviews.

Materials and Methods
We selected a random subset of 558 published Cochrane reviews that specified RCT study only inclusion criteria, containing 7113 included articles which could be matched to PubMed identifiers. These were processed by our automated RCT Tagger tool to estimate the probability that each article reports clinical outcomes of a RCT.

Results
Removing articles with low predictive scores P &lt; 0.01 eliminated 288 included articles, of which only 22 were actually typical RCT articles, and only 18 were actually typical RCT articles that MEDLINE indexed as such. Based on our sample set, this screening strategy led to fewer than 0.05 relevant RCT articles being missed on average per Cochrane SR.

Discussion
This scenario, based on real SRs, demonstrates that automated tagging can identify RCT articles accurately while maintaining very high recall. However, we also found that even SRs whose inclusion criteria are restricted to RCT studies include not only clinical outcome articles per se, but a variety of ancillary article types as well.

Conclusions
This encourages further studies learning how best to incorporate automated tagging of additional publication types into SR triage workflows.
Addressing choice of law challenges in multi-state precision medicine research: experts’ assessment of key factors
Authors: Wolf Leslie E , Brown Erin Fuse , Greeson Roxanne , Hammack-Aviran Catherine , Hazel James W , Rencher William , Beskow Laura M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Precision medicine research implicates numerous state laws that may affect participants’ rights and protections and are not preempted by federal law. The choice of which state’s laws apply, and under what circumstances, can have significant impact on research design and oversight. But neither of the traditional approaches to choice of law issues—contractual agreement or determination by a court after a dispute arises—fit the research context well. We hosted a series of workshops with choice of law experts and research law and ethics experts to identify factors that are most crucial to account for in a future choice of law precision medicine research framework. Our workshops focused on precision medicine ‘places’ and choice of law factors; there was consensus that ‘place where the harm occurred’ was relevant and best represented by where the participant resides and/or where the research/institution is located. Our experts identified factors that need to be accounted for in a future choice of law framework. They also identified potential approaches, including a federal law or model state law as ways of achieving more uniformity of protections and a comprehensive database of laws, which merit further consideration to provide IRBs and researchers the guidance they require.