bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decolonizing global health: what should be the target of this movement and where does it lead us?
Authors: Kwete Xiaoxiao , Tang Kun , Chen Lucy , Ren Ran , Chen Qi , Wu Zhenru , Cai Yi , Li Hao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe current decolonizing global health movement is calling us to take a post-colonial perspective at the research and practice of global health, an area that has been re-defined by contemporary scholars and advocates with the purpose of promoting equity and justice. In this article, we summarize the main points of discussion from the Symposium organized by the editorial board of Global Health Research and Policy, convened in July 2021 in Wuhan, China. Experts participating in the symposium discussed what decolonizing global health means, how to decolonize it, and what criteria to apply in measuring its completion. Through the meeting, a consensus was reached that the current status quo of global health is still replete with various forms of colonial vestiges–ideologies and practices–, and to fully decolonize global health, systemic reforms must be taken that target the fundamental assumptions of global health: does investment in global health bring socioeconomic development, or is it the other way around? Three levels of colonial vestiges in global health were raised and one guiding principle was proposed when thinking of solutions for them. More theoretical discussion needs to be explored to guide practices to decolonize global health.
A spatially explicit analytical framework to assess wildfire risks on brown bear habitat and corridors in conservation areas
Authors: Khosravi Rasoul , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza , Adavoudi Roya , Julaie Leila , Wan Ho Yi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHumans have altered fire regimes across ecosystems due to climate change, land use change, and increasing ignition. Unprecedented shifts in fire regimes affect animals and contribute to habitat displacement, reduced movement, and increased mortality risk. Mitigating these effects require the identification of habitats that are susceptible to wildfires. We designed an analytical framework that incorporates fire risk mapping with species distribution modeling to identify key habitats ofUrsus arctoswith high probability of fire in Iran. We applied the random forest algorithm for fire risk mapping. We also modeled brown bear habitats and predicted connectivity between them using species distribution models and connectivity analysis, respectively. Finally, the fire risk map, critical habitats, and corridors were overlaid to spatially identify habitats and corridors that are at high risk of fire.ResultsWe identified 17 critical habitats with 5245 km2of corridors connecting them, 40.06% and 11.34% of which are covered by conservation areas, respectively. Our analysis showed that 35.65% of key habitats and 23.56% of corridors are at high risk of fire.ConclusionsSince bears habitat in this semi-arid landscape rely on forests at higher altitudes, it is likely that shifting fire regimes due to changing climate and land use modifications reduce the extent of habitats in the future. While it is not well known how fire affects bears, identifying its key habitat where wildfires are likely to occur is the first step to manage potential impacts from increasing wildfires on this species.
Impact of vitamin D status on CF and non-CF bronchiectasis outcomes
Authors: Ali Heba A. , Deraz Thrwat E. , Mohamed Dina A. , Mahmoud Menna Z. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Vitamin D deficiency occurs frequently in cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis patients. Yet, few studies have assessed the impact of vitamin D status on the clinical outcomes in pediatric bronchiectasis. This study is designed to assess vitamin D level and determine its effect on exacerbations, bacterial colonization, and lung function in pediatric patients with CF and non-CF bronchiectasis.

Results
This cross-sectional case-control study assessing vitamin D level was performed in a total of sixty cases under the age of 18 years—forty cases with CF and non-CF bronchiectasis and twenty age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Associations between serum vitamin D and clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed in the patient groups. Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent among CF and non-CF bronchiectasis patients (75%, 45%) compared to controls (10%) (P < 0.001). In addition, vitamin D deficiency was associated with more frequent and severe pulmonary exacerbations (66.7%, 46.7%) (P=0.033, < 0.001), chronic Pseudomonas infection (80%) (P=0.060) among CF patients, and with lower FEV1 (66%) (P= 0.071) among non-CF bronchiectasis. Moreover, a cutoff value of vitamin D level equal or less than 22.5 ng/ml was accurate in differentiating moderate from mild pulmonary exacerbations in both patients’ groups (AUC=0.809) (p=0.004).

Conclusions
Vitamin D deficiency is not uncommon in both CF and non-CF bronchiectasis. In this population, vitamin D deficiency is associated with more frequent pulmonary exacerbations, chronic Pseudomonas infection, and worse lung function.
Glycemic gap and the outcome of diabetic patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Ghanem Yehia Mostafa , Ayad Mona Wagdy , Kareem Azza Abdel , Guirguis Maged Osama , Alkafafy Asmaa Mohamed , Badrah Mai Hesham 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAcute hyperglycemia is a common finding in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who present to the emergency department (ED). The prognostic role of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients with ACS remains controversial at least on the short-term basis. The aim of the present study was to find the relation between the glycemic gap and clinical outcome in diabetic patients with ACS.MethodsThe study included 100 diabetic patients with ACS to who were prospectively followed during their hospital stay. Admission blood glucose was measured and glycemic gap was calculated.ResultsIn diabetic patients suffering ACS, there was a significant relation between the glycemic gap value, occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and length of hospital stay.ConclusionGlycemic gap is a better marker than admission blood glucose alone in diabetic patients presenting with ACS. This study added the optimal cut-off value for this important biomarker.
Clinical correlates of different forms of endolymphatic hydrops
Authors: Taha Hesham Mohammed , Nada Ihab , Alagamy Maha Mohammed , Rahman Tayseer Taha Abdel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study is to explore the different kinds of endolymphatic hydrops and the sensitivity of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) and electrocochleography in their diagnosis. Three groups of patients were selected according to the diagnosis, definitive MD (DMD), cochlear MD (CMD), and recurrent vestibulopathy (RV) groups. A basic audiological evaluation was carried out. It included pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, acoustic immittancemetry testing and electrocochleography, cervical VEMP (c-VEMP), and ocular VEMP (o-VEMP).

Results
The overall sample was 40 cases, 13 with DMD, 10 with CMD, and 17 with RV. The mean age is variable between groups (p-value < 0.001) with the highest in the DMD group (38.3 ± 7.4 years) and the lowest in the CMD group (25.2 ± 4.6 years). The male to female ratio is variable between groups of the study (p-value = 0.03) with the highest ratio 9:4 in the DMD group. There was a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001) regarding dizziness. Asymmetric response of c-VEMP was seen in nine (69.2%) of DMD cases, in 14 (82.4%) of RV cases, and only in three (30%) of CMD cases (p-value < 0.001). Low amplitude of o-VEMP was seen in 11 (84.6%) of DMD cases, 9 (90%) of CMD cases, 15 (88.2%) of RV cases, and only two (25%) of normal cases (p-value = 0.002). A significant difference was found between definitive and cochlear Meniere’s as regards o-VEMP inter-aural amplitude difference (IAD) (p-value = 0.032) only. There was a significant positive strong correlation between age and EcochG SP/AP ratio left ear, o-VEMP IAD, and o-VEMP left ear n1. In addition, there is a significant positive weak correlation between duration and EcochG SP/AP ratio left ear and c-VEMP left ear n1.

Conclusions
Asymmetric response of c-VEMP can be used as a diagnostic tool to differentiate different kinds of MD: DMD, RV, and CMD.
The effect of receiving thyroid hormone replacement on the dysphonia severity index for congenital hypothyroid children
Authors: Farag Heba Mahmoud , Hady Aisha Fawzy Abdel , Hamid Asmaa Abdel , Soliman Hend 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objectives
Dysphonia is a common compliant in hypothyroid patients. Subjective voice changes could be clearly found in congenital hypothyroid children (CHC); however, the early treated children with thyroid hormone replacement (THR) may not experience dysphonia. The objective of this study is to determine if the CHC who were receiving early THR would have objectively measurable changes on vocal function as assessed by the dysphonia severity index (DSI).

Methods
Participants were 29 children aged from 6 to 12 years. Fifteen children had congenital hypothyroidism on eltroxin therapy started before the age of 1 year and 14 were typically developing children (TDC). All children did not have voice compliant. DSI was calculated for all children through the measure of maximum phonation time (MPT), highest frequency (F0-high), lowest intensity (I-low), and jitter percent (j %).

Results
CHC receiving early THR were not significantly different from TDC on DSI value; however, both groups showed significant difference on MPT and F0-high. Degree of voice changes by DSI in males was significantly higher than females in CHC on eltroxin therapy while no significant difference regarding gender has been found on DSI in TDC.

Conclusions
The results suggested that there is no evidence of DSI objective voice changes in CHC receiving THR compared to TDC, yet separate objective voice measures alternations had been found in CHC. This highlights the importance of achieving efficient neonatal screening programs for CHC and providing strong support to initiate early THR to avoid any alternation of laryngeal function.
Bilateral xanthogranulomatous inflammation of nasal and nasopharynx mass: a case report
Authors: Boon Wei Jie , Vong Khim Soon , Tang Ing Ping 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is an uncommon condition in adult nasal cavity and nasopharynx.

Case presentation
We report a male patient who developed xanthogranulomatous inflammation in the bilateral nose and nasopharynx. The patient was not responsive to oral steroid. Multiple biopsies were taken to confirm the definitive diagnosis, and endoscopic debulking of mass was performed to provide symptomatic relief. Patient was free from nasal symptoms, and residual nasal and nasopharyngeal masses showed no increment in size and number during follow-up.

Conclusion
Xanthogranulomatous inflammation in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx can be easily confused with other nasal masses. A histopathology examination is crucial to establish the diagnosis. A repeated biopsy is needed if previous biopsy result is inconclusive. Surgical excision is recommended for symptomatic relief. The effectiveness of medical treatment is still unclear. A long-term follow-up is mandatory.
Discussion and expostulations on postoperative worsening of hearing following middle ear surgeries
Authors: Pandey Apoorva Kumar , Gupta Mudit , Varma Arvind , Bansal Chetan , Singh Sahil Deep , Bhardwaj Aparna , Kala Sonal 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundHearing assessment after middle ear surgery has always been of interest to otologists for one of its major unavoidable and unpredictable complication is hearing loss. As the initial indication for operation is to treat precisely this problem, this complication poses a major dilemma for surgeons. We, thus, aimed to detect the proportion of postoperative worsening of hearing, causes, and risk factors in patients undergoing middle ear surgery.MethodThis retrospective descriptive study was conducted in the department of otolaryngology of a tertiary care center and data of medical records were retrieved from January 2016 until December 2020. This study included middle ear surgery patients with pre- and postoperative audiometric results. Those patients whose hearing worsened post-operatively (where bone conduction deteriorated > 10 dB) were noted and assessed accordingly.ResultsThe medical records regarding morphological and audiological outcomes of 178 patients were available. We observed auditory degradation after surgery in eight patients (five primary cases and three revision cases), with an overall incidence rate of 4.49%. The mastoidectomy was performed in seven cases, either cortical (n= 5) and modified radical (n= 2). Modified radical mastoidectomy showed the greatest incidence of hearing loss (40%) among all surgical procedures. Except in one case, where sudden, profound loss occurred following otorrhoea on third day, hearing loss was progressive in rest of cases.ConclusionA patient with deteriorating hearing after middle ear surgery must be evaluated properly. There is an increased chance of hearing loss following surgery that involves more ossicular manipulation, drilling, extensive disease clearance, and revision. Utmost care must be taken while operating around ossicles and during disease clearance in key areas. Proper consent should be taken from such patients to avoid future litigations.
Enhancement of TiO2 activity under visible light by N,S codoping for Pb(II) removal from water
Authors: Wahyuni Endang Tri , Pratama Nanda Alzeta , Lestari Novianti Dwi , Suherman Suherman 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper deals with a systematic study on the co-doping N,S on TiO2 photocatalyst to improve its activity under visible light on the removal of Pb(II) from the aqueous media. The co-doping TiO2 by N,S atoms was conducted in an autoclave by one-step hydrothermal of TiO2 mixed with nitric and sulfuric acids as the sources of N and S, respectively. The mole ratio of TiO2:nitric acid:sulfuric acid was varied as 1:1:0.5, 1:1:1, and 1:1:1.5 to find the best ratio toward the activity. The co-doped photocatalysts obtained were characterized by specular reflectance UV/Vis (SRUV), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) instruments. A batch experiment was carried out for oxidation of Pb(II), driven by a combination of visible light and TiO2-N,S photocatalyst. The research results attribute that co-doping N,S into TiO2 has remarkably narrowed the gap in the TiO2 structure, emerging in the visible region. It was also proven that the co-doped in TiO2 can considerably enhance its activity in the removal of Pb(II) under visible light, and the highest activity was owned by TiO2-N,S (1:1:1). Furthermore, the most effective removal of Pb(II) 10 mg/L (98%) could be reached by employing 500 mg L-1 of the TiO2-N,S (1:1:1) dose, 45 min of the time, and the solution pH at 7. The Pb(II) removed is due to the photo-oxidation induced by OH radicals to form the handleable PbO2.
Differences in mental health problems, coping self-efficacy and social support between adults victimised before and adults victimised after the COVID-19 outbreak: population-based prospective study
Authors: van der Velden Peter G. , Contino Carlo , Das Marcel , Leenen Joost , Wittmann Lutz 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundVictims of violence, accidents and threats are at risk for mental health problems. Lower coping self-efficacy and social support levels increase this risk. Although highly relevant, it is unknown if the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic amplifies these risks.AimsTo examine if the prevalence, incidence and/or mean scores for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression symptoms, general mental health problems, coping self-efficacy, lack of emotional support and social acknowledgement are higher among adults victimised in the year after the COVID-19 outbreak compared with adults victimised in a similar period before the outbreak. Also, to compare symptoms, problems and support within non-victims during the same period.MethodData was extracted from four surveys of the VICTIMS study (March 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021), based on a random sample of the Dutch population. Multivariate logistic regression analyses and mixed-effects models were used to examine differences between the two victim groups (2019: n = 421, 2021: n = 319) and non-victims (n = 3245).ResultsAdults victimised after the outbreak more often had PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms, general mental health problems and lower coping self-efficacy than those victimised before. They did not differ in lack of support and acknowledgement. Both victim groups differed from non-victims, where mental health problems and lack of support levels were much lower and almost stable.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the mental health and coping self-efficacy levels of victims, whereas mental health problems among non-victims remained virtually stable. Mental healthcare workers, general practitioners and victim services should take this impact into account.
First Extensive Analysis of 18F-Labeled Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography–Computed Tomography in a Large Cohort of Patients With HIV-Associated Hodgkin Lymphoma: Baseline Total Metabolic Tumor Volume Affects Prognosis
Authors: Louarn Nicolas , Galicier Lionel , Bertinchamp Rémi , Lussato David , Montravers Françoise , Oksenhendler Éric , Merlet Pascal , Gérard Laurence , Vercellino Laetitia 
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) data in HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma (HIV-HL) are scarcely reported. In addition to the description of the characteristics of both baseline and interim 18F-FDG PET-CT examinations (PET1 and iPET, respectively), the aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of PET1 and previously identified clinical parameters in this population. PATIENTS AND METHODS PET1 of 109 patients with HIV-HL, treated with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine chemotherapy regimen since 2007, and 104 iPET were centrally reviewed. All the patients were enrolled in an ongoing prospective single-center cohort of HIV-associated lymphoma. RESULTS Most patients had a disseminated disease according to the Ann Arbor classification (30% stage III and 43% stage IV), with especially bone marrow and liver as extranodal localizations. After a median follow-up of 6.7 years, 12 patients relapsed (11%) and 13 died (12%). Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 75.1%, and 5-year overall survival was 86.1%. Median total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) was 121.4 cm3. The optimal TMTV cutoff identified for prognostic analysis was 527 cm3, with a 2-year PFS of 71% in the 20 patients with TMTV > 527 cm3, compared with 91% in the 89 patients with TMTV ≤ 527 cm3 ( P = .004). On multivariate analysis, a high TMTV was the only parameter independently associated with PFS. CONCLUSION In this large series of HIV-HL patients with a homogeneous management, high TMTV on PET1 examination was associated with a poor prognosis.
Computational anatomy and geometric shape analysis enables analysis of complex craniofacial phenotypes in zebrafish
Authors: Diamond Kelly M. , Rolfe Sara M. , Kwon Ronald Y. , Maga A. Murat 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Due to the complexity of fish skulls, previous attempts to classify craniofacial phenotypes have relied on qualitative features or sparce 2D landmarks. In this work we aim to identify previously unknown 3D craniofacial phenotypes with a semiautomated pipeline in adult zebrafish mutants. We first estimate a synthetic ‘normative’ zebrafish template using MicroCT scans from a sample pool of wild-type animals using the Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs). We apply a computational anatomy (CA) approach to quantify the phenotype of zebrafish with disruptions in bmp1a, a gene implicated in later skeletal development and whose human ortholog when disrupted is associated with Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Compared to controls, the bmp1a fish have larger otoliths, larger normalized centroid sizes, and exhibit shape differences concentrated around the operculum, anterior frontal, and posterior parietal bones. Moreover, bmp1a fish differ in the degree of asymmetry. Our CA approach offers a potential pipeline for high-throughput screening of complex fish craniofacial shape to discover novel phenotypes for which traditional landmarks are too sparce to detect. The current pipeline successfully identifies areas of variation in zebrafish mutants, which are an important model system for testing genome to phenome relationships in the study of development, evolution, and human diseases.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Construction of a human hTERT RPE-1 cell line with inducible Cre for editing of endogenous genes
Authors: Hindul Naushin L. , Jhita Amarjot , Oprea Daiana G. , Hussain Tasnim Alamgir , Gonchar Oksana , Campillo Miguel Angel Muro , O'Regan Laura , Kanemaki Masato T. , Fry Andrew M. , Hirota Kouji , Tanaka Kayoko 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The human retinal pigment epithelial RPE-1 cell line immortalized with hTERT retains a stable karyotype with a modal chromosome number of 46 and has been widely used to study physiological events in human cell culture systems. To facilitate inducible knock-out or knock-in experiments in this cell line, we have modified the AAVS1 locus to harbour a DNA fragment encoding ERT2-Cre-ERT2 fusion protein under regulation of a Tet-On expression system. In the generated cell line, active Cre recombinase was induced by simple addition of doxycycline and tamoxifen to the culture medium. As proof of concept, we successfully introduced an oncogenic point mutation to the endogenous KRAS gene locus of this cell line. The cell line will serve as a powerful tool to conduct functional analyses of human genes.
IL7Rα, but not Flk2, is required for hematopoietic stem cell reconstitution of tissue-resident lymphoid cells
Authors: Worthington Atesh K. , Cool Taylor , Poscablo Donna M. , Hussaini Adeel , Beaudin Anna E. , Forsberg E. Camilla 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
Tissue-resident lymphoid cells (TLCs) span the spectrum of innate-to-adaptive immune function. Unlike traditional, circulating lymphocytes that are continuously generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), many TLCs are of fetal origin and poorly generated from adult HSCs. Here, we sought to further understand murine TLC development and the roles of Flk2 and IL7Rα, two cytokine receptors with known function in traditional lymphopoiesis. Using Flk2- and Il7r-Cre lineage tracing, we found that peritoneal B1a cells, splenic marginal zone B (MZB) cells, lung ILC2s and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were highly labeled. Despite high labeling, loss of Flk2 minimally affected the generation of these cells. In contrast, loss of IL7Rα, or combined deletion of Flk2 and IL7Rα, dramatically reduced the number of B1a cells, MZBs, ILC2s and Tregs, both in situ and upon transplantation, indicating an intrinsic and essential role for IL7Rα. Surprisingly, reciprocal transplants of wild-type HSCs showed that an IL7Rα−/− environment selectively impaired reconstitution of TLCs when compared with TLC numbers in situ. Taken together, our data defined Flk2- and IL7Rα-positive TLC differentiation paths, and revealed functional roles of Flk2 and IL7Rα in TLC establishment.