bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequality in air pollution mortality from power generation in India
Authors: Sengupta Shayak , Thakrar Sumil K , Singh Kirat , Tongia Rahul , Hill Jason D , Azevedo Ines M L , Adams Peter J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
India’s coal-heavy electricity system is the world’s third largest and a major emitter of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, it remains a focus of decarbonization and air pollution control policy. Considerable heterogeneity exists between states in India in terms of electricity demand, generation fuel mix, and emissions. However, no analysis has disentangled the expected, state-level spatial differences and interactions in air pollution mortality under current and future power sector policies in India. We use a reduced-complexity air quality model to evaluate annual PM2.5 mortalities associated with electricity production and consumption in each state in India. Furthermore, we test emissions control, carbon tax, and market integration policies to understand how changes in power sector operations affect ambient PM2.5 concentrations and associated mortality. We find poorer, coal-dependent states in eastern India disproportionately face the burden of PM2.5 mortality from electricity in India by importing deaths. Wealthier, high renewable energy states in western and southern India meanwhile face a lower burden by exporting deaths. This suggests that as these states have adopted more renewable generation, they have shifted their coal generation and associated PM2.5 mortality to eastern areas. We also find widespread sulfur emissions control decreases mortality by about 50%. Likewise, increasing carbon taxes in the short term reduces annual mortality by up to 9%. Market reform where generators between states pool to meet demand reduces annual mortality by up to 8%. As India looks to increase renewable energy, implement emissions control regulations, establish a carbon trading market, and move towards further power market integration, our results provide greater spatial detail for a federally structured Indian electricity system.
Explicit Cutoff Regularization in Coordinate Representation
Authors: Ivanov Aleksandr V 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study a special type of cutoff regularization in the coordinate representation. We show how this approach unites such concepts and properties as an explicit cut, a spectral representation, a homogenization, and a covariance. Besides that, we present new formulae to work with the regularization and give additional calculations of the infrared asymptotics for some regularized Green’s functions appearing in the pure four-dimensional Yang–Mills theory and in the standard two-dimensional Sigma-model.
3D-bioprinted, phototunable hydrogel models for studying adventitial fibroblast activation in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Davis-Hall Duncan , Thomas Emily , Peña Brisa , Magin Chelsea M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease of the lung vasculature, characterized by elevated pulmonary blood pressure, remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, and ultimately right ventricular failure. Therapeutic interventions for PAH are limited in part by the lack of in vitro screening platforms that accurately reproduce dynamic arterial wall mechanical properties. Here we present a 3D-bioprinted model of the pulmonary arterial adventitia comprised of a phototunable poly(ethylene glycol) alpha methacrylate (PEG-αMA)-based hydrogel and primary human pulmonary artery adventitia fibroblasts (HPAAFs). This unique biomaterial emulates PAH pathogenesis in vitro through a two-step polymerization reaction. First, PEG-αMA macromer was crosslinked off-stoichiometry by 3D bioprinting an acidic bioink solution into a basic gelatin support bath initiating a base-catalyzed thiol-ene reaction with synthetic and biodegradable crosslinkers. Then, matrix stiffening was induced by photoinitiated homopolymerization of unreacted αMA end groups. A design of experiments approach produced a hydrogel platform that exhibited an initial elastic modulus (E) within the range of healthy pulmonary arterial tissue (E = 4.7 ± 0.09 kPa) that was stiffened to the pathologic range of hypertensive tissue (E = 12.8 ± 0.47 kPa) and supported cellular proliferation over time. A higher percentage of HPAAFs cultured in stiffened hydrogels expressed the fibrotic marker alpha-smooth muscle actin than cells in soft hydrogels (88 ± 2% versus 65 ± 4%). Likewise, a greater percentage of HPAAFs were positive for the proliferation marker 5-ethynyl-2ʹ-deoxyuridine (EdU) in stiffened models (66 ± 6%) compared to soft (39 ± 6%). These results demonstrate that 3D-bioprinted, phototunable models of pulmonary artery adventitia are a tool that enable investigation of fibrotic pathogenesis in vitro.
h-BN as a perfect spin splitter in ferromagnetic zigzag graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Song Lingling , Zhang Yan , Ye Runlong , Liu Lu , Wei Canglong , Zhao Han , Zheng Xiaohong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The manipulation of spin transport is always a central task in spintronics and two very well-known findings along this line thus far are the observations of half-metallicity and pure spin current, both very important in practical applications. In this paper, we propose another control over spin, termed as a spin splitter, with an aim to split the two spin channels from the spatially overlapped paths into two isolated branches. Based on a density functional study, we implement this idea in ferromagnetic zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) and find that

h
−

BN nanoribbon embedded in the ZGNR acts as a perfect spin splitter. It originates from the different interfacial dipoles developed at the N–C and B–C interfaces and the subsequent different built-in transverse electric fields, which drives the two narrow side ZGNRs into half-metallicity with different spin polarity. The findings will be of great significance in spintronics.
Analysis of anti-reflection mechanisms of the black aluminum alloy made by femtosecond laser processing
Authors: Li Jinzhao , Du Mengdan , Sun Quanquan , Yi Fei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mitigating the optical reflection of aluminum alloy over a broad spectral range from 0.45 μm to 15 μm is vital for many applications. This can be realized by introducing efficient light-absorbing textured surfaces via femtosecond laser surface processing. However, a clear analysis of antireflection performance has not been reported yet. This paper proposes a numerical model of anti-reflective structures is proposed based on SEM and EDS characterization. Multiple anti-reflective mechanisms were revealed intuitively through FDTD simulation.
Catalytic ozonation of phenol by magnetic Mn0.7Ce0.3Ox/CNT@Fe3C
Authors: Wang Jing , Ma Li , Pan Zhengwei , Li Tingyun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A high-efficient and stable catalyst is highly desired to catalyze ozone for refractory organic pollutants removal. In this work, Mn-Ce bimetallic oxide loaded CNT@Fe3C (Mn0.7Ce0.3Ox/CNT@Fe3C) was synthesized with Mn0.7Ce0.3Ox as the active component and magnetic CNT@Fe3C as the support. The catalytic performance of Mn0.7Ce0.3Ox/CNT@Fe3C towards catalytic ozonation was evaluated. The TOC removal efficiency of phenol degradation after 45 min of reaction was 98%, which was 1.5 times and 1.8 times that of monometallic CeO2/CNT@Fe3C (65%) and MnxOy/CNT@Fe3C (54%), respectively. The synthesized-Mn0.7Ce0.3Ox/CNT@Fe3C possessed good reusability during five successive cycles and remained efficient over a wide range of pH 4.2–8.3. The results of EPR measurements and quenching experiments demonstrated that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) were the dominant reactive oxidation species (ROS) for phenol mineralization in the Mn0.7Ce0.3Ox/CNT@Fe3C/O3 system. Moreover, the magnetic Mn0.7Ce0.3Ox/CNT@Fe3C is easily recovered and reused.
100 kA/10 kV thyristor stack design for the quench protection system in CRAFT
Authors: TONG Wei , XU Meng , LI Hua , CHEN Bo , SONG Zhiquan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Thyristors have longer lifetimes, higher reliability, and very high voltage and current ratings and they require less maintenance than other high-power semiconductor devices. As a result, they are particularly suitable for quench protection systems (QPSs), which protect the superconducting magnets in large fusion devices from damage. In this paper, we propose a design for a 100 kA/10 kV thyristor stack supported by both theoretical and simulation-based analyses as well as experimental verification. Due to the ultrahigh electrical performance requirements imposed on the QPS by the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT), three main issues must be considered: the voltage-balancing problem caused by multiple thyristors in a series structure, the increased junction temperature problem caused by extremely high currents, and the reverse recovery phenomenon that arises from the thyristor’s physical structure. Hence, a series of detailed theoretical analyses, simulations, and experiments, including a thyristor junction temperature prediction method and reverse recovery process modeling, were carried out to optimize the design. Finally, the reliability and stability of the thyristor stack were verified by a series of prototype experiments. The results confirmed the correctness and accuracy of the proposed thyristor stack design method and also indicated that the proposed thyristor stack can meet the application conditions of a 100 kA QPS in the CRAFT project.
Impact of stimulated Raman scattering on dark soliton generation in a silica microresonator
Authors: Choi Gwangho , Su Judith 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Generating a coherent optical frequency comb at an arbitrary wavelength is important for fields such as precision spectroscopy and optical communications. Dark solitons which are coherent states of optical frequency combs in normal dispersion microresonators can extend the operating wavelength range of these combs. While the existence and dynamics of dark solitons has been examined extensively, requirements for the modal interaction for accessing the soliton state in the presence of a strong Raman interaction at near visible wavelengths has been less explored. Here, analysis on the parametric and Raman gain in a silica microresonator is performed, revealing that four-wave mixing parametric gain which can be created by a modal-interaction-aided additional frequency shift is able to exceed the Raman gain. The existence range of the dark soliton is analyzed as a function of pump power and detuning for given modal coupling conditions. We anticipate these results will benefit fields requiring optical frequency combs with high efficiency and selectable wavelength such as biosensing applications using silica microcavities that have a strong Raman gain in the normal dispersion regime.
Histopathologic Features of Breast Tissue From Transgender Men and Their Associations With Androgen Therapy
Authors: Wolters Emily A , Rabe Kimmie E , Siegel Lianne , Butts Jessica , Klein Molly E 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the histopathologic features of breast tissue of transgender men (TM) undergoing gender-affirming bilateral mastectomies in relation to androgen therapy (AT).MethodsWe reviewed 374 transgender bilateral mastectomy cases from 2017 to 2020. Of these, 314 (84.4%) patients received preoperative AT. We compared these with 127 cases of cisgender females undergoing elective breast reduction.ResultsBreast specimens from TM on AT, compared with cisgender women, showed a median higher gross percentage of fibrous tissue (P &lt; .001), reduced lobular density (P = .004), higher amount of lobular atrophy (P &lt; .001), and lower incidence of cysts (P &lt; .001), apocrine metaplasia (P &lt; .001), calcifications (P &lt; .001), columnar cell change (P = .002), and atypia (P = .003). Each additional month of AT was associated with a 2% decrease in the odds of having nonapocrine cysts (P = .02), a 5% decrease in the odds of having usual ductal hyperplasia (P = .007), and a 0.14% decrease in median lobular density (95% confidence interval, –0.18 to –0.05).ConclusionsIn this study, breast specimens from TM, particularly with a history of AT, had a higher proportion of fibrous tissue, fewer lobules, and a higher degree of lobular atrophy than cisgender females. Rare cases of atypia were not predicted by preoperative imaging or gross findings, supporting routine microscopic evaluation of these specimens.
Performance Comparisons on the Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination Between Black and White Veterans and Education Classification in a Large Outpatient Sample from the Southern United States
Authors: Roberg Brandon L , Anzalone Christopher , Nicholson Jessica D , Peruggia Patricia E , Buckley Trevor R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective
An increasing scientific literature recognizes that traditional cut-off scores for cognitive screeners may not be optimal for use in patients who differ in race/ethnicity from the screeners’ normative/reference group. There is also literature on how racial/ethnic contextual factors, such as stereotype threat or perceived discrimination, may influence performance on cognitive testing. The current study examined the characteristics of SLUMS (a cognitive screening measure) performance in a large (n = 602) sample of Black (n = 229) and White (n = 373) veterans in a VA hospital located in the Southern United States.

Method
SLUMS data were gathered from retrospective electronic chart review between January 2013 and February 2020. Race/ethnicity of veterans was gathered by chart review and race of hospital providers who administered the SLUMS by personal communication.

Results
Black veterans were 1.99 times more likely to be classified by total SLUMS score as being within the dementia range compared with White veterans. Differences in item level performance were only found between Black and White veterans with ≥ high school education. Race of clinical provider (i.e., Black or White) administering the SLUMS did not significantly impact veteran performance on the SLUMS.

Conclusion
This is the first large sample study of differences in SLUMS performance between Black and White veterans. Findings replicate earlier research on Black and White performance differences on individual SLUMS items and provide an analysis of examiner–examinee racial discordance. This study underscores the importance of researching cognitive measures in groups who differ from the original normative/references samples.
Virus classification for viral genomic fragments using PhaGCN2
Authors: Jiang Jing-Zhe , Yuan Wen-Guang , Shang Jiayu , Shi Ying-Hui , Yang Li-Ling , Liu Min , Zhu Peng , Jin Tao , Sun Yanni , Yuan Li-Hong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Viruses are the most ubiquitous and diverse entities in the biome. Due to the rapid growth of newly identified viruses, there is an urgent need for accurate and comprehensive virus classification, particularly for novel viruses. Here, we present PhaGCN2, which can rapidly classify the taxonomy of viral sequences at the family level and supports the visualization of the associations of all families. We evaluate the performance of PhaGCN2 and compare it with the state-of-the-art virus classification tools, such as vConTACT2, CAT and VPF-Class, using the widely accepted metrics. The results show that PhaGCN2 largely improves the precision and recall of virus classification, increases the number of classifiable virus sequences in the Global Ocean Virome dataset (v2.0) by four times and classifies more than 90% of the Gut Phage Database. PhaGCN2 makes it possible to conduct high-throughput and automatic expansion of the database of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The source code is freely available at https://github.com/KennthShang/PhaGCN2.0.
Complexity of enhancer networks predicts cell identity and disease genes revealed by single-cell multi-omics analysis
Authors: Hong Danni , Lin Hongli , Liu Lifang , Shu Muya , Dai Jianwu , Lu Falong , Tong Mengsha , Huang Jialiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Many enhancers exist as clusters in the genome and control cell identity and disease genes; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we introduce an algorithm, eNet, to build enhancer networks by integrating single-cell chromatin accessibility and gene expression profiles. The complexity of enhancer networks is assessed by two metrics: the number of enhancers and the frequency of predicted enhancer interactions (PEIs) based on chromatin co-accessibility. We apply eNet algorithm to a human blood dataset and find cell identity and disease genes tend to be regulated by complex enhancer networks. The network hub enhancers (enhancers with frequent PEIs) are the most functionally important. Compared with super-enhancers, enhancer networks show better performance in predicting cell identity and disease genes. eNet is robust and widely applicable in various human or mouse tissues datasets. Thus, we propose a model of enhancer networks containing three modes: Simple, Multiple and Complex, which are distinguished by their complexity in regulating gene expression. Taken together, our work provides an unsupervised approach to simultaneously identify key cell identity and disease genes and explore the underlying regulatory relationships among enhancers in single cells.
MAST: a hybrid Multi-Agent Spatio-Temporal model of tumor microenvironment informed using a data-driven approach
Authors: Cesaro Giulia , Milia Mikele , Baruzzo Giacomo , Finco Giovanni , Morandini Francesco , Lazzarini Alessio , Alotto Piergiorgio , da Cunha Carvalho de Miranda Noel Filipe , Trajanoski Zlatko , Finotello Francesca , Di Camillo Barbara 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Motivation
Recently, several computational modeling approaches, such as agent-based models, have been applied to study the interaction dynamics between immune and tumor cells in human cancer. However, each tumor is characterized by a specific and unique tumor microenvironment, emphasizing the need for specialized and personalized studies of each cancer scenario.

Results
We present MAST, a hybrid Multi-Agent Spatio-Temporal model which can be informed using a data-driven approach to simulate unique tumor subtypes and tumor–immune dynamics starting from high-throughput sequencing data. It captures essential components of the tumor microenvironment by coupling a discrete agent-based model with a continuous partial differential equations-based model.
The application to real data of human colorectal cancer tissue investigating the spatio-temporal evolution and emergent properties of four simulated human colorectal cancer subtypes, along with their agreement with current biological knowledge of tumors and clinical outcome endpoints in a patient cohort, endorse the validity of our approach.

Availability and implementation
MAST, implemented in Python language, is freely available with an open-source license through GitLab (https://gitlab.com/sysbiobig/mast), and a Docker image is provided to ease its deployment. The submitted software version and test data are available in Zenodo at https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7267745.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Mapping population access to essential surgical care in Liberia using equipment, personnel, and bellwether capability standards
Authors: Adde Håvard A , van Duinen Alex J , Andrews Benetta C , Bakker Juul , Goyah Kezelebah S , Salvesen Øyvind , Sheriff Swaliho , Utam Terseer , Yaskey Clarence , Weiser Thomas G , Bolkan Håkon A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Accurate surveillance of population access to essential surgery is key for strategic healthcare planning. This study aimed to estimate population access to surgical facilities meeting standards for safe surgery equipment, specialized surgical personnel, and bellwether capability, cesarean delivery, emergency laparotomy, and long-bone fracture fixation and to evaluate the validity of using these standards to describe the full breadth of essential surgical care needs in Liberia.

Method
An observational study of surgical facilities was conducted in Liberia between 20 September and 8 November 2018. Facility data were combined with geospatial data and analysed in an online visualization platform.

Results
Data were collected from 51 of 52 surgical facilities. Nationally, 52.9 per cent of the population (2 392 000 of 4 525 000 people) had 2-h access to their closest surgical facility, whereas 41.1 per cent (1 858 000 people) and 48.6 per cent (2 199 000 people) had 2-h access to a facility meeting the personnel and equipment standards respectively. Six facilities performed all bellwether procedures; 38.7 per cent of the population (1 751 000 people) had 2-h access to one of these facilities. Bellwether-capable facilities were more likely to perform other essential surgical procedures (OR 3.13, 95 per cent c.i. 1.28 to 7.65; P = 0.012). These facilities delivered a median of 13.0 (i.q.r. 11.3–16.5) additional essential procedures.

Conclusion
Population access to essential surgery is limited in Liberia; strategies to reduce travel times ought to be part of healthcare policy. Policymakers should also be aware that bellwether capability might not be a valid proxy for the full breadth of essential surgical care in low-income settings.
Dancing between model minorityhood and yellow peril: accusations of needing “personality”
Authors: Mark Lauren 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article traces one manifestation of the unique process of Asian-American abjection (Shimakawa, K. [2002]. “I should be—American!” Abjection and the Asian (American) Body. In National Abjection (pp. 23–56). Duke University Press.), produced from a dialectic of an aspirational model minority myth and the targeted status of an ever-evolving yellow peril. I highlight the nuances of such abjection through a “lacking personality” metanarrative imposed on Asian-American finalists on the reality television show, So You Think You Can Dance (SYTYCD). I forward an Asian-American rhetorical approach informed by critical rhetorics of race by Lacy and Ono (2011. Critical Rhetorics of Race. New York University Press) and Ono and Pham (2009. Asian Americans and the media, Vol. 2. Polity) to problematize rhetoric that abjects Asian-Americans. I suggest that depictions of Asian-Americans as lacking personality in popular media are part of the same continuum of racialized yellow peril abjection, upholding a conditional belonging that allows anti-Asian racial violence to flourish, particularly in moments of crisis and public moral panic.