bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improve ESP Pump Sizing Through Enhanced Performance Prediction of ESP Stages in Two-Phase Flow Applications
Authors: Sheth Ketankumar Kantilal , Brown Donn Jason , Kopecky Trevor Alan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) must handle two-phase flow (liquid and gas) conditions in production wells. Pump stages are designed for liquid handling, and the pump performance is significantly affected by the presence of gas. ESPs are tested in two-phase flow conditions, and performance is measured stage by stage to improve the understanding of gas, its limitations, and its effects.
ESPs are tested in a high-pressure, two-phase flow loop. Pumps are instrumented across stages for pressure measurements. Pumps are tested at intake pressures between 50 and 250 psi, with gas percentages of 0 to 95% maximum, and at different flow rates ranging from 40 to 70 Hz for complete performance mapping. The flow loop is capable of up to 80+% gas and 250 psi intake pressure at the pump intake, running up to 60 Hz, 300 HP, and 18,000 bpd of fluid. Pump performance is evaluated for the various gas conditions at various speeds and intake pressures.
Pump performance is significantly affected in two-phase applications. The performance deteriorates with an increase in the gas percentage and improves with an increase in the speed and the intake pressure. Mixed flow pumps handle gas better than radial flow pumps. Larger diameter pumps have higher gas handling capabilities than smaller diameter pumps.
Sizing taper pumps operating in a flow range higher than the BEP flow range and additional pump stages in the sizing provides longer life, higher reliability, and more efficient operation in gassy applications. Pump performance under various downhole conditions was investigated, and a new technique was developed for the sizing of ESPs in two-phase flow applications.
Autonomous Control of Well Downtime to Optimize Production and Cycling in Sucker Rod Pump Artificially Lifted Wells
Authors: Nickell Ian , Treiberg Terry 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
For decades sucker rod pump artificially, lifted wells have used devices called pump off controllers (POC) to match the pumping unit's runtime to the available reservoir production by idling the well for a set time where variable frequency drives are not available. In doing this the POC allows the well to enter a set period of downtime when the downhole pump fillage is incomplete to avoid premature failures, and then brings the well back online to operate before production is lost. Although this method has been successful for several years, autonomous control algorithms can be utilized to reduce failures or increase production in cases where the downtime is not already optimized. Optimizing the idle time for a sucker rod pump artificially lifted well involves understanding the amount of time required to fill the near wellbore storage area before generating a fluid column above the pump intake that will begin to hinder inflow from the reservoir into the wellbore. By varying the idle time and observing the impact on production and cycles the program hunts for the optimal idle time. By constantly hunting for the optimal idle time the optimization process can adjust the idle time when operating conditions change. This gives the advantage of always meeting the current wellbore and reservoir conditions without human intervention. Autonomously modulating the idle time for a well, if done properly will reduce incomplete fillage pump strokes in cases where the idle time is too short or will increase the wells production in cases where the idle time is too long. Overall this will result in the optimization of wells by reducing failures and/or increasing production, generating a huge value to the end user by automating the entire process of downtime optimization.
Sucker Rod Connection Failure Reduction Using a Three-Pronged Approach
Authors: Anderson Jordan , Oliva Esteban , Richardson Courtney , Mogus Stephen , Morin Dylan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study is to detail the improper make up related sucker rod connection failure reduction efforts of two operators in reciprocating rod pump applications. The study will give an overview of a "healthy" sucker rod connection along with their common failure mechanisms and root causes. Failure data will be shown and ultimately a three-pronged approach will be recommended for connection reliability improvement.
Failure data will be analyzed using a total sucker rod connection failure metric with one operator in the Permian and another operator in the Bakken. Different forms of the three-pronged approach were carried out over time by both operators, so an analysis of the efficacy of the changes will be made to help understand the necessary operational changes required. A combination of quality assurance/quality control programs, technologies and services were used in efforts to reduce sucker rod connection failures. These efforts will be explained in detail to provide the necessary information to outline the success of the authors.
The results revealed that there were three main factors that reduced the failures of the operators: 1) Rigorous QA/QC programs to rig operations, vendor facilities and transportation services of sucker rods, 2) implementing sucker rods specifically designed and manufactured to be ran without traditional thread lubricant, and 3) in-shop services of rod/coupling prep and hand-tight or torqued (buck-on) application. These three factors became the three-pronged approach. The data suggests that their simultaneous implementation is the best strategy to deliver the expected reliability improvement.
Anodic Coiled Rod Mitigates Corrosion Damage in Well with Aggressive CO2, H2S Conditions
Authors: Perri Alexander Claudio , Sultanian Angela 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to share insights on mitigating sucker rod corrosion damage in vertical, horizontal, and deviated wells with aggressive corrosive conditions such as H2S and CO2, particularly those with histories of corrosion-related rod and tubing failures.
Corrosion is a common problem in production operations, accounting for two-thirds of all rod string failures and costing hundreds of millions annually to remediate downhole tubing damage alone, according to NACE International. This paper presents the development and initial field application results of a continuously applied metallic coating that actively participates in the electrochemical aspects of corrosion in carbon and low-alloy steels. Moreover, the solution protects uncoated segments of rod and other steel components in the wellbore while reducing abrasion by enhancing friction properties compared to bare steel.
The authors outline the key properties and characteristics of this coating, including evaluating its performance relative to traditional corrosion protection measures such as barrier coatings. Rather than acting as a barrier layer, the metallic coating actively protects against corrosion and has inherent physical properties that self-heal surface scratches and abrasions. This is particularly valuable in horizontal and directional wells with high dog leg severities and sideloading forces that contribute to rod/tubing abrasion.
Results are presented from laboratory testing as well as initial trial applications in wells with histories of rod failures due to corrosion, typically requiring interventions with workover rigs. In one such trial, the metallic coating was applied to a coiled rod string installed in a high-CO2 content well on progressing cavity pump. The coated coiled rod string was installed in January 2019. After five months of service, the coated string was pulled to inspect its condition. The examination revealed that the rod was unaffected by corrosion. A second inspection after nine months found evidence of rod string wear but no corrosion damage. The well has been in operation for 140 weeks (and counting), achieving a ten-fold improvement in the average run time before installing coated coiled rod.
The novelty of this approach is the application of an advanced materials science-based coating to extend rod string service life in corrosive environments through active protection. In addition, it requires no special handling or installation equipment, and the metallic material allows rod strings to be recycled (eliminating potential environmental and downstream damage risks associated with barrier coatings).
As supported by lab and field case study data, the results of deploying this method include increased production uptime, reduced workover frequencies and associated remediation costs, and lower overall LOE and lifting cost per barrel of oil produced.
Improving Jet Lift Runtime Using Machine Learning and Enhanced Power Fluid Pump Instrumentation
Authors: Hicks Brian 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Jet lift has no moving components downhole, which makes it a higher reliability lift method for accelerating initial production from unconventional tight oil wells. The surface jet lift power fluid pump frequently becomes the primary limitation of overall system reliability and uptime. This paper will review several field case studies of novel wireless instrumentation being applied in combination with machine learning techniques to increase the runtime of multiplex plunger pumps and horizontal surface pumps used as power fluid pumps.
Wireless instrumentation was installed on multiple wells to capture critical power fluid pump equipment health data (vibration, temperature, magnetic flux, etc.). This instrumentation was installed on all critical components of the surface pump system, and then combined with electrical and site instrumentation data connected to the pump's variable speed drive. The entire data feed was then captured through a local gateway and into a cloud data historian. The data was processed to establish an acceptable performance baseline. Equipment health models were created using machine learning techniques to compare the real-time data feed against reliability prediction algorithms. The equipment health status was then used to evaluate time-based maintenance versus condition-based maintenance, improving overall system uptime performance.
The field case studies indicated that overall jet lift system reliability is improved by carefully monitoring, modeling, and predicting power fluid pump performance. When combined with condition-based maintenance and field response protocols, overall jet lift system uptime can be improved. Safety risks are also reduced due to less frequent site visits.
Most machine learning and AI papers focus on applying new analytics methods to existing instrumentation and data. Maximizing the benefit of analytics requires more robust data and an integrated field instrumentation approach. This paper will present the increased benefit of developing and deploying additional instrumentation to capture equipment health data designed to increase the performance of cloud analytics.
On the Injectivity of an Integral Operator Connected to Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Adam Dumitru 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
An updated and cleaned version of v7 (doi: 10.21203 /rs.3.rs-1159792/v7) has been accepted for publication. This preprint is asimplified version of the previous one, focused in obtaining the optimal evaluations on approximation subspaces of the injectivity parameters associated to the integral operator used in the equivalent formulation of the Riemann Hypothesis (RH) (see [1]).We reiterate: a sufficient condition (Injectivity Criteria, Th.1) forthe injectivity of an linear operator is the existence of a strict positive inferior bound for the sequence of the injectivity parameters of its matrix representations on a dense family of approximation subspaces.Proving the injectivity of this integral operator we addressed theAlcantara-Bode equivalence and consequently, proving that RH is true.
A comparative study by using machine learning classifiers to enhance classification and prediction of heart failure disease
Authors: Shukla Shivanshi , Chouhan Usha , Suryawanshi Sunil Kumar , Choudhari Jyoti Kant 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
PurposeHeart failure is a complex clinical condition when the heart cannot provide blood with enough flow for the body's needs. It is a major clinical and public health problem. Even if heart failure is not yet diagnosed, it is important to get your health checked every three to six months. This study aims to improve the accuracy of diagnosing heart failure by using machine learning classifiers such as Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) and Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). MethodsHeart failure data has been acquired from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) repository. To improve the accuracy of diagnosing heart failure, we employed the following methods for this study: k-Nearest Neighbor, Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest, XGBoost, Decision Tree (DT), Logistic Regression (LR), and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The model was validated using the F-measure and ROC-AUC (Receiver Characteristic Area Under Curve) methods. ResultsSupport vector machines employing logistic regression as a feature selection strategy produced the most significant classification accuracy of 90%, while support vector machines utilising RF as a feature selection strategy showed an accuracy of 83%. We also have an accuracy of 90% in the random forest as a machine learning methodology with all of our features.ConclusionThe small dataset size of the current research presents a challenge to everyone's ability to gain more accurate findings. Improved diagnostics for heart failure may be possible in the future using our machine-learning classifier-based classification system. To accurately forecast heart failure, this is the easiest way to use and the most accurate.
RF-based mini-Drone Detection, Identification &amp; Jamming in No Fly Zones using Software Defined Radio
Authors: Slimeni feten , Dalleji Tijeni 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Recently, mini-drone exploitation is rising in diverse domains such as recreation, commerce and defense. It serves to save human lives, protect country borders and carry urgent deliveries. Given the use of inexpensive components, mini-drones are within every one’s reach. Therefore, malicious mini-drone users are able to threaten sensitive areas and to do illegal acts. Hostile applications endanger critical airspace like above nuclear sites, official buildings and military institution. Countermeasures are an imminent require to ensure individual privacy, secure government institutions and track mini-drone misusers. However, effective anti-drone technologies are expensive and depends on the target drone characteristics and the protected area sensitivity.In this paper, we develop an RF-based countermeasure that is able to detect, identify and disrupt the communication link between the minidrone and its remote controller. The proposed solution is implemented in a Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform which enables adapting the countermeasure to future attacks and the drone market evolution in view of protecting a No Fly Zone such as airports, public events and military installations. We detail the conducted experiments and provide results proving the efficiency of the developed solution.
Ghana Ecological Risks: A Space Law and Science Education Approach to the Management Frameworks
Authors: NARTEY EMMANUEL 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article discusses what Ghana needs to do to progress its space programme to aid the development of legal and scientific education programmes for the management framework of biodiversity and the ecosystem. The first part of the article examines previous academic literature produced on this topic, which offers many clues about the challenges and opportunities facing Ghana, as well as the lessons that can be learned from both other space nations and actors in this field. When looking at perceptions, the second part explores material taken from ethically approved interviews which were conducted with experts in this field, whilst the third section provides an analysis of data taken from a survey in which respondents were asked targeted questions about Ghana’s space and science education programmes, before summarising the key findings. The findings help to better understand the effect of biodiversity and the ecosystem. Finally, it is recommended that future work is required in the areas of: preserving, sustaining and maintaining biodiversity and the ecosystem; management frameworks for invasive species and biosecurity; management frameworks for environmental degradation and climate change; a management framework that focuses on the fair and equitable access to and sharing of the benefits of biodiversity resources with all communities in Ghana; and assessing and including biodiversity and ecosystem in the development process of space law and science education.
CircRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis participates in the progression of bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Zhu Baoyi , Gao Jun , Zhang Yuying , Liao Baojian , Zhu Sihua , Li Chunling , Liao Junhao , Liu Jianjia , Jiang Chonghe , Zeng Jianwen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackground More and more evidence showed that circRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis played a vital role in the pathogenesis of some diseases. However, the role of circRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis in bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) remains unknown. Our study aimed to explore the complex regulatory mechanism of circRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis in BOO. Methods The BOO rat model was established, and the bladder tissues were collected for mRNA sequencing. The differentially expressed mRNAs were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing, and the GO and KEGG analysis of the differentially expressed mRNAs were performed. Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) analysis identified the potential regulation function of circRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis in BOO. qRT-PCR detected the expression of circRNA/miRNA/mRNA. miRanda software was performed to predict the relationship between circRNA and miRNA, miRNA and mRNA. Results Compared with the Sham group, a total of 571 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the BOO group, of which 286 were up-regulated and 285 were down-regulated. GO analysis showed that the mRNAs were mainly involved in cellular process, single-organism process, and cell, etc. KEGG analysis showed that the enriched signaling pathways were metabolic pathways, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and HTLV-I infection, etc. Based on the previous transcriptome data and differentially expressed circRNAs, we drew the ceRNA network regulation diagram. qRT-PCR results confirmed that chr3:113195876|113197193/rno-miR-30c-1-3p/Gata4, chr1:126188351|126195625/rno-miR-153-5p/Diaph3, and chr9:81258380|81275269/rno-miR-135b-5p/Pigr axis may have ceRNA function. miRanda confirmed there have the binding sites of circRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis. Conclusions circRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis was involved in the progression of BOO. Our research on the circRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis revealed new pathogenesis and treatment strategies for BOO.
Energy Communities Support Climate Policy in Exchange for Transition Assistance
Authors: Gazmararian Alexander F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Decarbonization to mitigate climate change will require a reduction in fossil fuel consumption. The economic effects of moving away from fossil fuels motivates communities that produce coal, oil and gas to obstruct climate policy. How could climate policy be designed to win support for decarbonization in fossil fuel communities? Answering this question requires public opinion data from these crucial regions and measurement of multi-dimensional preferences, but national surveys often fail to recruit respondents from these areas and studies often focus on individual transition policy instruments. To overcome these limitations, we field surveys at Appalachian county fairs to access this hard-to reach population (N=249) and employ a conjoint experiment designed to elicit multi-dimensional preferences. We find that policies reducing transition costs, such as investments in worker healthcare and pensions and income compensation, increase support for transition assistance. In turn, respondents report willingness to back climate policy coupled with assistance for workers and community members. The findings suggest that smart policy design can build climate coalitions for decarbonization, even in the places most impacted by moving away from fossil fuels.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of choriocarcinoma in postmenopausal women
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Xi Liang , Zhang Taohong , Zhou Min , Zhang Pengchuang , Wang Guoqing , An Ruifang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective : Choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant epithelial tumor and primarily occurs in women of childbearing age, while it is extremely rare in postmenopausal women and only scattered cases have been reported worldwide. In addition, whether the prognosis scoring system for gestational trophoblastic neoplasm is suitable for postmenopausal women is still controversial and there is no consistent strategy for the treatment and management. Therefore, the aim of this study is to summarize and analyze the clinicopathologic features of choriocarcinoma in postmenopausal women to increase the awareness of this rare disease.Method : We retrieved the PubMed, Web of science, Embase, and CBM databases to search relevant published literatures, and then, the details of each patient's clinical and pathological characteristics were extracted and analyzed. Univariate log-rank tests were used to examine the association between clinicopathologic characteristics and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival(OS).Results : 33 patients, according to the given inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included in this study. The patients originated from different continents, with 55% located in Asia and 27% in North America.The mean age of these patients was 59 years (range 48-74years) and the mean age at menopause was 49.7 years (from 39 to 57 years). The median interval from antecedent pregnancy to diagnosis was 22 years(5-42years). The mean time of the duration of menopause of patients recorded relevant information was 9 years(1-26years).The mean β-HCG titer was 235,644 mIU/mL. 22 patients presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding, 4 with lesion-related pain. The site of primary lesions distribution relatively broad, mainly in uterus and lung. 29 patients were classified as high-risk disease. 22 patients underwent curative surgery with or without chemotherapy, 11 patients received only chemotherapy, and most chemotherapy regimens were EMA-CO.Stage of disease was significantly associated with both PFS and OS (P=0.007;P=0.040).The median follow-up time was 21 months, with 2 cases recurred, 2 progressed, and 5 died. The tumor were positive for HCG, CK, HPL,PLAP and EMA.Conclusion : We observed that abnormal vaginal bleeding and lesion-related pain are the most common presenting features of postmenopausal choriocarcinoma. The patients often have metastatic lesions, high level serum β-HCG, and classified to high-risk disease when diagnosed. Moreover, the prognosis in those patients are worse than those in reproductive period. As in patients with choriocarcinoma of childbearing age, stage is still the main prognostic factor.