bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tau seeding activity in various regions of down syndrome brain assessed by two novel assays
Authors: Jin Nana , Gu Jianlan , Wu Ruozhen , Chu Dandan , Tung Yunn Chyn , Wegiel Jerzy , Wisniewski Thomas , Gong Cheng-Xin , Iqbal Khalid , Liu Fei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPropagation of tau pathology via the seeding of naive tau aggregation underlies the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) develop tau pathology at the fourth decade of life, but tau seeding activity in DS brain has not yet been determined. To measure tau seeding activity, we developed capture assay and seeded-tau aggregation assay with truncated tau151-391. By using brain extracts from AD and related tauopathies, we validated these two methods and found that the brain extracts from AD and related tauopathies, but not from controls and the diseases in which tau was not hyperphosphorylated, captured in vitro and seeded 3R-tau151-391 and 4R-tau151-391 to aggregate in cultured cells similarly. Captured tau151-391 levels were strongly correlated with the seeded-tau151-391 aggregation. Employing these two newly developed assays, we analyzed tau seeding activity in the temporal (TC), frontal (FC), and occipital cortex (OC); corpus callosum (CC); and cerebellar cortex (CBC) of DS and control brains. We found that the extracts of TC, FC, or OC, but not the CC or CBC of DS or the corresponding brain regions of control cases, captured tau151-391. Levels of the captured tau151-391 by brain extracts were positively correlated with their levels of phosphorylated tau. Extracts of cerebral cortex and CC, but not CBC of DS with a similar tau level, induced more tau151-391 aggregation than did the corresponding samples from the control cases. Thus, higher tau seeding activity associated with tau hyperphosphorylation was found in the TC, FC, and OC of DS compared with the corresponding control regions as well as with the CBC and CC of DS. Of note, these two assays are sensitive, specific, and repeatable at a low cost and provide a platform for measuring tau seeding activity and for drug screening that targets tau propagation.
Idealized simulations of tropical cyclones with thermodynamic conditions under reanalysis and CMIP5 scenarios
Authors: Chih Cheng-Hsiang , Chou Kun-Hsuan , Wu Chun-Chieh 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe idealized Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations are conducted to investigate tropical cyclone (TC) size and intensity over the Western North Pacific (WNP) over the past decades, as represented by National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) R-1, European Center for Medium range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) twentieth century (ERA20C) reanalysis, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences 20th Century (CIRES20) Reanalysis V2 data, and under a future climate, as predicted by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Firstly, sensitivity experiments with varying environmental thermodynamic forcing are conducted to examine how thermodynamic conditions affect TC size and intensity. Secondly, distributions of thermodynamic quantities taken from the NCEP/NCAR R-1, ERA20C, CIRES20, and CMIP5 data are used to initialize four more sets of WRF simulations. There is no significant variation in TC size nor intensity over the WNP within the past 90 years based on the idealized downscaling high-resolution WRF model, whereas those simulations initialized based on CMIP5 data show that both the TC size and intensity would increase in the future (2071–2100) of the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) as compared to those during the current (2010–2040) climate stage of RCP8.5. An explanation for these findings is given by referring to impact of the air–sea thermal disequilibrium and acutely increasing temperature in the TC outflow, while their relation to previous works is also discussed.
A novel pressed coal from citrus and cooking oil wastes using fungi
Authors: Hasanin Mohamed S. , Hashem Amr H. , Abu Hashish Hassan M. , Abdelraof Mohamed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractNowadays renewable energy with low prices is a global target that has taken the attention to compare alternatives energy sources with fossil fuels. Therefore, this study was established to find suitable and sustainable alternative low-cost fuels source. Cooking oil waste (COW) was mixed with non-pretreated citrus tree fibers (CTF) (0.5 mL to 1 g ratio) and pressed to formulate coal (CTF/COW). Otherwise, this mixture was subjected to in situ fungal pretreated using Aspergillus flavus isolate to simplify the mixture composition and pressed to offer in a usable form with enhancing their heating value for the first time. CTF/COW was characterized using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermal analysis (TGA) before and after treatment. The fungal isolate was observed with enzyme productivity and activity of CMCase, avicelase, xylanase, mannanase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, lignin peroxidase and lipase according to enzyme assays and the chemical compositions of CTF before and after fungal treatment, where the best PH for enzymes extraction was between 5 and 7. The fungal enzymes increased the heating value by about two and half folds in comparison with non-pretreated coal. Moreover, the calorific value of tCTF/COW was 43,422 kJ/kg, which was higher than CTF recorded 18,214 kJ/kg and COW recorded 39,823 kJ/kg. Our result suggests that fungal treatment of the mixture of citrus trees and cooking oil waste presents as a promising low-cost and eco-friendly coal.
Graphical Abstract
A CT-based nomogram for predicting the risk of adenocarcinomas in patients with subsolid nodule according to the 2021 WHO classification
Authors: Song Qilong , Song Biao , Li Xiaohu , Wang Bin , Li Yuan , Chen Wu , Wang Zhaohua , Wang Xu , Yu Yongqiang , Min Xuhong , Ma Dongchun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To establish a nomogram for predicting the risk of adenocarcinomas in patients with subsolid nodules (SSNs) according to the 2021 WHO classification.

Methods
A total of 656 patients who underwent SSNs resection were retrospectively enrolled. Among them, 407 patients were assigned to the derivation cohort and 249 patients were assigned to the validation cohort. Univariate and multi-variate logistic regression algorithms were utilized to identity independent risk factors of adenocarcinomas. A nomogram based on the risk factors was generated to predict the risk of adenocarcinomas. The discrimination ability of the nomogram was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), its performance was calibrated using a calibration curve, and its clinical significance was evaluated using decision curves and clinical impact curves.

Results
Lesion size, mean CT value, vascular change and lobulation were identified as independent risk factors for adenocarcinomas. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.867 (95% CI, 0.833-0.901) in derivation cohort and 0.877 (95% CI, 0.836-0.917) in validation cohort. The calibration curve showed good agreement between the predicted and actual risks. Analysis of the decision curves and clinical impact curves revealed that the nomogram had a high standardized net benefit.

Conclusions
A nomogram for predicting the risk of adenocarcinomas in patients with SSNs was established in light of the 2021 WHO classification. The developed model can be adopted as a pre-operation tool to improve the surgical management of patients.
Guided imagery for treatment (GIFT): protocol of a pilot trial of guided imagery versus treatment as usual to address radiotherapy-related distress in head and neck cancer
Authors: Kolva Elissa , Karam Sana D. , Carr Alaina L. , Roberts Sydneyjane , Torkko Kathleen , Lanning Ryan , Cox-Martin Emily 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Cancers of the head and neck region are associated with high symptom burden and elevated levels of psychological distress. Radiotherapy (RT) is a common treatment for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) that is associated with psychological distress related to the immobilizing nature of the treatment, frequency of treatment delivery, and side effects. Guided imagery is a relaxation technique that is beneficial in reducing psychological distress in patients with other cancer diagnoses but has not been studied in this patient population. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a brief guided imagery intervention (guided imagery for treatment, GIFT) to reduce RT-related anxiety and depression in patients with HNC relative to treatment as usual (TAU).

Methods
Patients with HNC planning to receive RT will be recruited to participate in a randomized controlled trial evaluating a brief, two-session guided imagery intervention (GIFT) relative to TAU alone. Primary aims include acceptability and feasibility evaluated through quantitative and qualitative methods. Measures of anxiety and depression, symptom burden, health-related quality of life, and anxiolytic medication use will be collected at baseline, during treatment, and at 1-month follow-up.

Discussion
There are no published interventions of guided imagery for anxiety and depression in patients with HNC despite its efficacy in other populations of patients with cancer. This proposed project evaluates the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention that has the potential to reduce psychological distress in a vulnerable population. Additionally, we will preliminarily examine the impact of behavioral intervention on psychological distress and the use of anxiolytic medication, a novel area of study.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03662698; registered on 9/6/2018.
Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation for Concussion Recovery (i-RECOveR): protocol of an investigator-blinded, randomised, case series with multiple baseline design to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a 12-week treatment for persistent post-concussion symptoms
Authors: Nguyen Jack V. K. , McKay Adam , Ponsford Jennie , Davies Katie , Makdissi Michael , Drummond Sean P. A. , Reyes Jonathan , Willmott Catherine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundUp to 25% of concussed individuals experience persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCSs) which may interfere with the return to pre-injury activities and cause significant stress. Given that multiple etiological factors are thought to contribute to PPCSs, an interdisciplinary approach is recommended. This pilot study aims to primarily investigate the feasibility of a novel interdisciplinary treatment for PPCSs. Given this intervention is novel, uncertainty exists in terms of potential recruitment and retention rates, adverse events, and treatment adherence and fidelity. These factors will be explored to inform the feasibility of a phase-2 randomised controlled trial. Preliminary efficacy of this intervention will also be explored.MethodsFifteen individuals with mild traumatic brain injury and PPCSs will receive up to 12 weeks of interdisciplinary treatments including psychology, physiotherapy, and medical interventions. Primary feasibility outcomes including data on recruitment and retention rates and treatment adherence will be explored descriptively. The cognitive therapy rating scale will be used to assess treatment fidelity. A single-case series with multiple baseline design will be used to explore preliminary efficacy. Participants will be randomly assigned to baseline phases of 2, 4, or 6 weeks. Regarding patient-centred secondary outcomes, the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire will be assessed three times a week during baseline and treatment phases. Secondary outcomes also include measures of mood, sleep and fatigue, physical functioning, return to activity, and health-related quality of life. Patient-centred outcomes will be assessed at baseline, pretreatment, post-treatment, and one- and three-month follow-up. Thematic analysis of participant experiences will be explored through qualitative interviews.DiscussionResults from this trial will inform the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of this interdisciplinary concussion intervention and whether proceeding to a future definitive phase-2 randomised controlled trial is worthwhile. Understanding the end-user perspective of the treatment will also enable modifications to the treatment protocol for future trials to best suit the needs of individuals with PPCSs after mTBI. Outcomes from this trial can be directly translated into community rehabilitation programmes.Trial registrationANZCTR, ACTRN12620001111965. Registered 27 October 2020,https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=379118
Optimization of the clinically approved Mg-Zn alloy system through the addition of Ca
Authors: Roh Hyung-Jin , Park Jaeho , Lee Sun-Hee , Kim Do-Hyang , Lee Gwang-Chul , Jeon Hojeong , Chae Minseong , Lee Kang-Sik , Sun Jeong-Yun , Lee Dong-Ho , Han Hyung-Seop , Kim Yu-Chan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Background
Although several studies on the Mg-Zn-Ca system have focused on alloy compositions that are restricted to solid solutions, the influence of the solid solution component of Ca on Mg-Zn alloys is unknown. Therefore, to broaden its utility in orthopedic applications, studies on the influence of the addition of Ca on the microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties of Mg-Zn alloys should be conducted. In this study, an in-depth investigation of the effect of Ca on the mechanical and bio-corrosion characteristics of the Mg-Zn alloy was performed for the optimization of a clinically approved Mg alloy system comprising Ca and Zn.

Methods
The Mg alloy was fabricated by gravitational melting of high purity Mg, Ca, and Zn metal grains under an Ar gas environment. The surface and cross-section were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to analyze their crystallographic structures. Electrochemical and immersion tests in Hank’s balanced salt solution were used to analyze their corrosion resistance. Tensile testing was performed with universal testing equipment to investigate the impact of Ca addition. The examination of cytotoxicity for biometric determination was in line with the ISO10993 standard.

Results

In this study, the 0.1% Ca alloy had significantly retarded grain growth due to the formation of the tiny and well-dispersed Ca
2
Mg
6
Zn
3
phase. In addition, the yield strength and elongation of the 0.1% Ca alloy were more than 50% greater than the 2% Zn alloy. The limited cell viability of the 0.3% Ca alloy could be attributed to its high corrosion rate, whereas the 0.1% Ca alloy demonstrated cell viability of greater than 80% during the entire experimental period.

Conclusion
The effect of the addition of Ca on the microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion characteristics of Mg-Zn alloys was analyzed in this work. The findings imply that the Mg-Zn alloy system could be optimized by adding a small amount of Ca, improving mechanical properties while maintaining corrosion rate, thus opening the door to a wide range of applications in orthopedic surgery.
Translanguaging pedagogy in tutor’s oral corrective feedback on chinese EFL learners’ argumentative writing
Authors: Wang Yibei , Li Danli 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTranslanguaging pedagogy has widely attracted interests from studies of second or foreign language teaching. Corrective feedback has long been recognized for its value on improving second language learning outcomes. However, limited attention has been given to the potential influence of translanguaging in the process of corrective feedback on learners’ second language writing performance, especially the influence of oral corrective feedback. This paper aims at exploring the effects of translanguaging in tutors’ oral corrective feedback (OCF) on Chinese EFL learners’ argumentative writing in six-week writing tutorials. 12 first-year Chinese college students and a Chinese tutor of English participated in the study at a university in Central China. The findings showed positive effects of translanguaging in OCF on Chinese EFL students’ argumentative writing performance. It attempts to make some contributions to EFL writing instruction. Teachers can alter their monolingual medium of English only to adapt to students’ needs, focus on students’ language practices, and create a language education ecological environment through translanguaging pedagogy.
The role of environmental factors and other migration drivers from the perspective of Moroccan and Congolese migrants in Belgium
Authors: Ou-Salah Loubna , Van Praag Lore , Verschraegen Gert 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis manuscript describes findings from 53 interviews conducted with Moroccan and migrants from The Democratic Republique of the Congo living in Belgium, with an emphasis on discussing the extent to which environmental factors in the migrants’ home countries may or may not have influenced their migration decisions. A comparative approach clarifies and disentangles the relationship between natural environmental factors and other drivers of migration in two distinct contexts. Applying a comparative approach and having extensive biographical accounts of each interviewee’s migration trajectory and history enables us to understand how individual migration aspirations develop gradually and how the importance of environmental factors changes during different stages. Conceiving of migration as a multi-stage process, this study demonstrates how environmental factors are closely linked to other factors and play different roles during a migration trajectory.
The views of people living with chronic stroke and aphasia on their potential involvement as research partners: a thematic analysis
Authors: Charalambous Marina , Kountouri Alexia , Phylactou Phivos , Triantafyllidou Ioanna , Annoni Jean-Marie , Kambanaros Maria 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) is the active partnership between researchers, patients and laypeople in the process of creating research. PPI in stroke aphasia research aims to ensure equal opportunities for informed decision-making and guarantee democratic representation of patient partners within the research team. Yet, little is known about the factors that hinder and/or promote the autonomous involvement of people with aphasia in stroke and aphasia PPI projects. This study aimed to explore the views and perspectives of people who live with chronic stroke, with and without aphasia, with experience in research prior to stroke, on their potential involvement as research partners.

Methods
The research team included a PPI partner with chronic stroke-induced aphasia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online with people with chronic stroke (n = 8), four with aphasia and four without. Interviews were subject to thematic analysis.

Results
Inductive thematic analysis generated four themes: (1) the kinds of Restrictions that make involvement in research difficult, (2) the preferred levels and ways of Involvement during the research process, (3) the Support required for active and collaborative involvement, and (4) the Impact of their involvement and how it benefits the study’s outcomes.

Conclusion
People experiencing chronic stroke and aphasia are willing to be involved as PPI partners if the research team provides the necessary support. Recommendations for researchers to consider before commencing co-produced research with people with stroke and aphasia are provided.
Conscious engagement within patients’ and simulated participants’ personal space: medical students' perspective
Authors: Banks-McGovern Chara , Gormley Gerard J. , Wilson Diane , Kearney Grainne P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
#MeToo prompted a shift in acceptable societal norms, sparking global recognition of the complexities of entering another’s personal space. Physical examinations are an integral part of medicine yet have the capacity to encroach upon patient’s personal space, whether in simulated or clinical environments. Examinations may be misconstrued as inappropriate advances, with negative effects for both patient and doctor. Medical educators must consider how they teach students to approach this complex task. This study aimed to gain insight into the lived experiences of medical students when working within patient’s personal space. This builds on previous research from the perspective of simulated participants.

Method
A hermeneutic phenomenology approach was used to explore lived experiences of working within patient’s personal space. Data was collected from seven medical students through semi-structured interviews and thematically analysed using template analysis.

Results
The analysis yielded four main themes: (1) transitioning into a privileged position; (2) negative role modelling: emphasising the physical; (3) consent: a dynamic and fragile state; and (4) a simple act or a complex performance?

Discussion
This study provides a unique insight into the lived experiences of medical students when working within a patient’s personal space. The physical examination is a complex process; the experiences of medical students can shape learning on crossing boundaries. Medical educators need to reflect this complexity in teaching, mirroring societal interest around the boundaries of consent. Students need a pedagogical space to develop these interpersonal skills, to prevent early adoption of the clinical gaze, and to create more consciously engaged doctors for the future.