bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meta‐analysis and systematic review of the effect of virtual reality technology on users' learning outcomes
Authors: Yu Zhonggen , Xu Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the rapid development of science and technology, virtual reality (VR) technologies have obtained great popularity in education, coupled with many studies on the effect of VR technologies on learning outcomes. However, few studies have systematically summarized their effect on educational outcomes. This study systematically and meta‐analytically examined the effect of VR technologies on educational outcomes using Stata 14.0. The researchers reviewed 43 empirical VR studies in education, ranging from 1993 to 2020, in high‐impact journals of educational technology. Researchers included the subgroups such as VR users' learning outcomes consisting of intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, attitudes, motor skills, and educational levels of participants, as well as countries or regions where the sample was recruited. It is found that VR technologies can positively influence learning outcomes in education, improve learning outcomes across the world except Europe, and facilitate learning outcomes at different educational levels except the primary school level. Future designers and teachers should attempt to stimulate their learning interest in the VR‐based approach by integrating interesting components into VR technologies. Future design of VR‐based approach can also attach enough importance to motivation and satisfaction of learners, construction of VR labs in education, and the impacts of VR on students.
Glycerin to Acrolein: Can Renewable Processes Challenge Traditional Processes?
Authors: Yang Jingfeng , Huang Long , Yi Yufeng , Wang Xincheng , Gao Le , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe production of acrolein by the dehydration of glycerin (GTA) was compared with formaldehyde/acetaldehyde aldolization (FAA) and propylene oxidation (PO) by using the Aspen Plus 11.1 process design software. The fixed assets cost of the FAA, PO, and GTA process were estimated as 61.95, 41.73, and 39.09 million CNY, respectively, for a 40‐kt a−1 plant, and the total manufacturing costs were estimated as 10637, 8873, and 8974 CNY t−1, respectively. The PO process is the most economical under current market and technology conditions. Nevertheless, the renewable process outshone traditional processes if the propylene price was greater than or equal to 8200 CNY t−1 at a glycerin price of 3800 CNY t−1, as long as the yield of acrolein from GTA was greater than or equal to 93 %.
Synthesis and Characteristics of Self‐Assembled Multifunctional Ln3+‐DNA Hybrid Coordination Polymers
Authors: Han Qingzhi , Zhang Xinlian , Jia Yijing , Guo Shaoshi , Zhu Jiale , Luo Shirui , Na Na , Ouyang Jin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOwing to the unique catalytic, optical and magnetic properties, lanthanides (Ln) as multicomponent biomarkers, are widely used in the field of optical sensing, mass spectrometry and magnetic resonance imaging. As ligands, DNA molecules have good biocompatibility, high stability, cost efficiency, programmability and biodegradability. Based on the coordination‐driven self‐assembly between Ln ions (Ln3+) and DNA molecules, a multifunctional Ln3+‐DNA hybrid coordination polymers (CPs) were synthesized. Not only a series of different Ln3+ (single Ln3+) and DNA hybrid CPs were synthesized, but one hybrid CP contains two kinds of Ln3+ was obtained. Besides, the synthetic CPs in cell fluorescence imaging and miRNA sensing also exhibited high performance. This work provides a novel idea for the synthesis of DNA based nanomaterials, which is promising for biologically‐related applications.
Distinguishing cell–cell complexes from dual lineage cells using single‐cell transcriptomics is not trivial
Authors: Burel Julie G. , Chawla Ashu , Greenbaum Jason A. , Peters Bjoern 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn their recent correspondence, Jie et al. strongly defend that the DE cell population they discovered are always dual lineage co‐expressing cells and not complexes of B cells and T cells, which we have previously described as frequently present in single‐cell RNA sequencing data. Here, we respond to the specific arguments made in their correspondence. Specifically, we demonstrate that the presence of a gene signature in a given cell population is not enough to ascertain that it does not contain cell–cell complexes, or that it represents a biologically distinct cell type. We also show that the gene signature of DE cells contains several genes from the myeloid lineage, suggesting either that their DE cells are a triple‐lineage co‐expressing cell, or a three‐component cell aggregate. Finally, we identify multiple transcriptomic features of DE cells that correspond to B cell‐T cell complexes, namely the presence of lower average expression of B‐ and T‐cell specific genes, and a higher number of detected genes per cell. Taken together, our results demonstrate that solely based on their scRNAseq profile, it is not possible to ascertain that DE cells are dual expressing cells and not cell–cell complexes.
Cytologic features of micropapillary variant urothelial carcinoma in urinary tract cytology: Case series and review of literature
Authors: Greenland Nancy Y. , Peng Yue , Vohra Poonam , Tabatabai Z. Laura 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe micropapillary variant of urothelial carcinoma (MPVUC) is rare and aggressive. Surgical specimens often show atypical micro‐clusters (AMCs) of cells with hyperchromatic, pyknotic, peripheral, irregular nuclei with variable nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios. We reviewed urinary tract cytology (UTC) from patients with MPVUC and hypothesized that AMCs would be present similar to those in surgical specimens.MethodsThe archives were searched from 2000 to 2020 for patients with surgical cases with either MPVUC or conventional high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) and with prior abnormal UTC. Two pathologists reviewed UTC cases and controls in a blinded manner for AMCs, with quantitation of none, low, moderate, and high. Interrater reliability was compared by quadratic weighted Cohen's Kappa test. The association between numerical average score and MPVUC status was determined by logistic regression.ResultsFive patients with invasive MPVUC, one patient with a noninvasive micropapillary component, and 15 control patients with conventional HGUC were included. All patients had prior or concurrent abnormal UTC samples. Increasing category of quantities of AMCs on cytology was associated with micropapillary status (OR 7.9, 95% CI 2.7–118, p = .045), with moderate agreement between raters (Cohen's Kappa 0.54, 95% CI 0.19–0.89, p = .004).ConclusionsIn patients with MPVUC on surgical specimen, AMCs were frequently observed on cytology. Similar atypical clusters were observed in patients with nonmicropapillary HGUC, albeit at lower frequency. However, given the WHO recommendation to diagnose micropapillary only if an invasive micropapillary component is present, a specific diagnosis of MPVUC on UTC cannot be based solely on the presence of AMCs.
Insights into plant biodiversity conservation in large river valleys in China: A spatial analysis of species and phylogenetic diversity
Authors: Yang Xudong , Qin Fei , Xue Tiantian , Xia Changying , Gadagkar Sudhindra R. , Yu Shengxiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLarge river valleys (LRVs) are heterogeneous in habitat and rich in biodiversity, but they are largely overlooked in policies that prioritize conservation. Here, we aimed to identify plant diversity hotspots along LRVs based on species richness and spatial phylogenetics, evaluate current conservation effectiveness, determine gaps in the conservation networks, and offer suggestions for prioritizing conservation. We divided the study region into 50 km × 50 km grid cells and determined the distribution patterns of seed plants by studying 124,927 occurrence points belonging to 14,481 species, using different algorithms. We generated phylogenies for the plants using the “V. PhyloMaker” R package, determined spatial phylogenetics, and conducted correlation analyses between different distribution patterns and spatial phylogenetics. We evaluated the effectiveness of current conservation practices and discovered gaps of hotspots within the conservation networks. In the process, we identified 36 grid cells as hotspots (covering 10% of the total area) that contained 83.4% of the species. Fifty‐eight percent of the hotspot area falls under the protection of national nature reserves (NNRs) and 83% falls under national and provincial nature reserves (NRs), with 42% of the area identified as conservation gaps of NNRs and 17% of the area as gaps of NRs. The hotspots contained high proportions of endemic and threatened species, as did conservation gaps. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the layout of current conservation networks, establish micro‐nature reserves, conduct targeted conservation priority planning focused on specific plant groups, and promote conservation awareness. Our results show that the conservation of three hotspots in Southwest China, in particular, is likely to positively affect the protection of biodiversity in the LRVs, especially with the participation of the neighboring countries, India, Myanmar, and Laos.
Multiple species delimitation approaches with COI barcodes poorly fit each other and morphospecies – An integrative taxonomy case of Sri Lankan Sericini chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Ranasinghe Uda Gedara Sasanka Lakmali , Eberle Jonas , Thormann Jana , Bohacz Claudia , Benjamin Suresh P. , Ahrens Dirk 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDNA taxonomy including barcoding and metabarcoding is widely used to explore the diversity in biodiversity hotspots. In most of these hotspot areas, chafers are represented by a multitude of species, which are well defined by the complex shape of male genitalia. Here, we explore how well COI barcode data reflect morphological species entities and thus their usability for accelerated species inventorization. We conducted dedicated field surveys in Sri Lanka to collect the species‐rich and highly endemic Sericini chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Congruence among results of a series of protocols for de novo species delimitation and with morphology‐based species identifications was investigated. Different delimitation methods, such as the Poisson tree processes (PTP) model, Statistical Parsimony Analysis (TCS), Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP), and Barcode Index Number (BIN) assignments, resulted in different numbers of molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). All methods showed both over‐splitting and lumping of morphologically identified species. Only 18 of the observed 45 morphospecies perfectly matched MOTUs from all methods. The congruence of delimitation between MOTUs and morphospecies expressed by the match ratio was low, ranging from 0.57 to 0.67. TCS and multirate PTP (mPTP) showed the highest match ratio, while (BIN) assignment resulted in the lowest match ratio and most splitting events. mPTP lumped more species than any other method. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on a match ratio‐based distance matrix revealed incongruent outcomes of multiple DNA delimitation methods, although applied to the same data. Our results confirm that COI barcode data alone are unlikely to correctly delimit all species, in particular, when using only a single delimitation approach. We encourage the integration of various approaches and data, particularly morphology, to validate species boundaries.
Can at‐risk species serve as effective conservation surrogates? Case study in northeasternUSshrublands
Authors: Bauer Melissa L. , O'Brien Kathleen M. , Kovach Adrienne I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTargeted, single‐species management and ecosystem‐based management are generally considered disparate conservation approaches. In imperiled ecosystems, these approaches may be complementary, when habitat management for targeted at‐risk species provides broad ecosystem benefits through an umbrella or surrogate species effect. In the northeastern United States, extensive management has been ongoing since 2011 to restore declining habitat for an at‐risk shrubland habitat specialist, the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis), with the goal that other shrubland‐obligate wildlife will also benefit; yet, the efficacy of these efforts has not been evaluated. In this study, we assessed whether habitat management targeting New England cottontail provides conservation benefits for shrubland‐obligate birds. Specifically, we (1) identified shrubland‐obligate birds that are indicative of the microhabitat conditions and habitat types suitable for New England cottontails, and (2) determined microhabitat and patch‐level influences on shrubland bird occupancy at sites occupied by or managed for New England cottontail. Through avian point count surveys and indicator species analyses, we identified 12 shrubland‐obligate bird species on patches occupied by New England cottontail and in microhabitat conditions suitable for New England cottontail. Occupancy models for five shrubland bird species further identified species‐specific habitat associations. Generalized linear models showed that shrubland bird species richness was positively associated with herbaceous vegetation and low shrubs, indicating that shrublands managed for the purpose of cottontail colonization can also benefit a suite of shrubland birds before the habitat is dense enough to provide cover for cottontails. Our findings show that managing habitat for New England cottontail on a variety of site types can maintain a range of microhabitat conditions to support a high diversity of shrubland‐obligate birds. These findings provide evidence for broad ecosystem benefits of managing for New England cottontail and exemplify the value of at‐risk habitat specialists as conservation surrogates in imperiled ecosystems.
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 5‐Arylindolo[1,2‐c]quinazolin‐6(5H)‐ones from 2‐(2‐Bromoaryl)indoles and Aryl Isocyanates under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Dao Pham Duy Quang , Cho Chan Sik 
Published: May 2022

Abstract2‐(2‐Bromoaryl)indoles react with aryl isocyanates by microwave irradiation in the presence of catalytic CuI along with a base to afford 5‐arylindolo[1,2‐c]quinazolin‐6(5H)‐ones. The reaction is compatible with 2‐(2‐bromoaryl)indoles bearing straight and branched alkyl chains at position 3 of indole moiety. Both electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing substituents on bromophenyl and indole moieties are well tolerated. The reaction proceeds through an initial nucleophilic addition of 2‐(2‐bromoaryl)indoles to aryl isocyanates. This is followed by an intramolecular C−N bond formation by an addition‐elimination nucleophilic aromatic substitution via Meisenheimer complexes and a copper‐catalyzed Ullmann‐type coupling.
Python app for drawing Bode diagram asymptotes of transfer function for minimum and non‐minimal phase systems
Authors: Mendoza Meza Magno Enrique 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to introduce an app to draw the asymptotes of Bode diagram module and phase from each constituent elementary factors of any transfer function for minimum and non‐minimal phase systems without transport delay. The Bode diagram is the most used tool in the frequency response method. Python and several Python modules were used to program the app to perform the operations as well as the Qt5 design was used to create a simple graphical user interface for the app and all this in the Linux operating system and the app's source code can also be run in Windows operating system with no adjustments or modifications. The app purpose is to assist students in learning the frequency response concepts and drawing of Bode diagram using asymptotes of magnitude and phase. For students the non‐minimum phase system Bode diagram is more difficult to draw than a minimum phase system due to the presence of zeros and/or poles on right half side of ‐plane. This application should be used by students as a help and not simply to solve problems and for teachers the application can be used to improve their classes by showing the step by step of drawing the Bode diagram with the figures obtained by the application. The app's executable file is available on release link inhttps://github.com/Magno‐Meza‐UFABC/Magno‐Meza‐UFABC/releases/tag/v.1.0
Comparative analysis of a dual Kalina cycle configuration for heat recovery from boiler stack in a steam power plant
Authors: Shahrokhi Mahmoud Reza , Ozgoli Hassan Ali , Farhani Foad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a dual configuration of the Kalina cycle for heat recovery from a boiler stack in a steam power plant, consisting of two basic Kalina cycles; a top and a bottom one. Thermoeconomic modeling was done using mass and energy balance and economic parameters such as internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). The proposed configuration was evaluated by comparing it with the basic Kalina cycle (KSC1) and other modified Kalina cycles configurations KSC11, KSC34, and KSC34G. The flue gas from the stack of the steam boiler (Tarasht Steam Power Plant‐Tehran‐Iran), a stable low‐temperature heat source, was used in the analysis. The temperature range of the heat source, between 172°C and 190°C, was obtained from operational data of the steam power plant, collected for 5 years, using temperature sensors in the exhaust of the stack. The results show that the proposed configuration's output power varies from 591.74 to 755.74 kW and 6.2%–11.2% more than the KSC34 configuration. Accordingly, the thermal efficiency is about 4.56%–6.25% higher than the other studied configurations, and the natural gas saved is 0.7765 to 1.02 Mm3.year−1. Also, the results indicate that the reduction in CO2 emission for the proposed configuration is about 2786–3661 tons.year−1, which is more than the other configurations.
Performance analysis of a pumped hydro assisted near‐isothermal compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system with gas/liquid phase change process
Authors: Zhao Pan , Zhang Shiqiang , Xu Wenpan , Liu Aijie , Wu Wenze , Wang Jiangfeng 
Published: May 2022

SummaryThe energy storage device is indispensable in future power system due to the high share of renewable energies. Compressed gas energy storage (CGES) technology, including the compressed air energy storage (CAES), has been widely recognized as one of the most promising solutions in energy storage domain. Among multiple CAES forms, the isothermal CAES is a potential type in which the ideal round trip efficiency (RTE) can be 100%. On the other hand, carbon dioxide (CO2) as an excellent working medium in CGES system owing to its favorable properties. However, the existing isothermal type CGES systems just employ the air as working medium, the potential of CO2 in such system is not evaluated yet. Therefore, an 800 kW pumped hydro assisted near‐isothermal compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system with gas/liquid phase change process is proposed. In detail, the hydraulic machineries, the flexible rubber diaphragm and the helical coils are employed to realize the near‐isothermal process and high RTE. The transient models are built and system performance is thus investigated. The results show that the system possesses 68.36% in RTE and 1.0914 kWh/m3 in energy density (ED) under the design condition. Meanwhile, the water temperature in helical coil, the initial and maximum pressures of vessel and the vessel volume are sensitive for system behavior.
Forecasting high‐yield equity and CDS index returns: Does observed cross‐market informational flow have predictive power?
Authors: Procasky William J. , Yin Anwen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe examine the predictive power of cross‐market informational flow in the systematic high‐yield credit default swap (CDS) and equity markets from 2004 to 2019. Overall, we find both markets useful in forecasting future values of the other, indicating each is more efficient in pricing certain types of information. However, the CDS market has an informational advantage over the high‐yield and broader equity market, something not previously documented in the closely related literature, although the advantage and forecasting ability of these markets have decreased with time due to lower volatility. These results have implications for high‐yield investors and stakeholders who monitor Markit's CDX North American High‐Yield Index for informational content.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Sinn Dong Hyun , Kang Danbee , Kang Mira , Guallar Eliseo , Hong Yun Soo , Lee Kyung Hyun , Park Jiyeon , Cho Juhee , Gwak Geum‐Youn 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
Whether subjects with NAFLD are at increased risk of sarcopenia is not well established.

Approach and Results
This is a cohort study of 52,815 men and women of 20 years of age or older who underwent at least two health check‐up exams with bioelectrical impedance analysis and abdominal ultrasound imaging. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to calculate appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). NAFLD was assessed by ultrasonography, and its severity was assessed by the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). We estimated the 5‐year change in ASM comparing participants with and without NAFLD at baseline using mixed linear models. The 5‐year change in ASM in participants without and with NAFLD was −225.2 g (95% CI −232.3, −218.0) and −281.3 g (95% CI −292.0, −270.6), respectively (p < 0.001). In multivariable adjusted analysis, the difference in 5‐year change in ASM comparing participants with and without NAFLD was −39.9 g (95% CI −53.1, −26.8). When participants with NAFLD were further divided by NAFLD severity, ASM loss was much faster in participants with NAFLD with intermediate to high NFS than in those with low NFS.

Conclusions
Participants with NAFLD were at increased risk of sarcopenia, indicated by faster loss of skeletal muscle mass. Patients with NAFLD may need screening and early intervention to mitigate skeletal muscle mass loss.