bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the impacts of COVID‐19 on the lifestyles of community‐living adults in Singapore: A qualitative study
Authors: Lee Pei Ning , How Jia Ai , Xu Tianma 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionDisruptions caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic have not only restricted people from performing occupations but also adversely affected their health and quality of life. However, the impact of the pandemic on Singaporean adults at different life stages remains unclear. This study aimed to understand the impact of COVID‐19 on a range of community‐living age groups' occupations and sense of well‐being.MethodsCommunity‐living adults in Singapore were invited to participate in this qualitative descriptive study. Thematic analysis was conducted to generate themes and identify common patterns (e.g. impacts on different occupations) in different age groups.FindingsTwenty‐nine semi‐structured interviews (young adults: 10, middle‐aged adults: 10, older adults: 9) were conducted and thematically analysed, revealing three main themes: (1) impact on occupations, (2) impacts on personal well‐being, and (3) responses to COVID‐19 situation. Participants from all age groups experienced both positive and negative impacts across various occupations, such as productivity (work and study), leisure, and self‐care activities. Young and middle‐aged adults were less affected as they were more proficient in using technology to make adequate adaptations. Older adults were least equipped with coping strategies and thus the most compromised. In response to the impacts of the pandemic on occupations and well‐being, participants from different age groups adjusted differently (e.g. adopting a sedentary lifestyle and developing different coping strategies).ConclusionThis study identified the impacts of COVID‐19 on the daily occupations of Singaporean adults and how it is intricately linked with their well‐being. Findings also revealed the significant role of technology in adapting to the COVID‐19 situation. The younger Singaporean adults were more agile to make occupational changes and adaptations. More can be done by occupational therapists to assist community‐living older adults to enable continued participation in meaningful occupations during pandemics.
‘I'm institutionalised … there's not much I can do’: Lived experience of housing related delayed discharge
Authors: Chuah Christina Pui Ting , Honey Anne , Arblaster Karen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionDelayed discharge from inpatient mental health units is the continued hospitalisation of consumers after being assessed as ready to be discharged. This is common in adult inpatient mental health services and is usually due to a lack of appropriate housing for discharge. Research indicates a range of possible negative impacts, but no studies have explored consumers' perspectives on this issue. This study explores consumers' perspectives of the experience of housing related delayed discharge (HRDD).MethodUsing a grounded theory approach, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 10 consumers. All consumers were experiencing HRDD from inpatient mental health units in one Sydney local health district. The data were analysed using constant comparative analysis.FindingsA lack of choice and control was the central theme that characterised participants' experiences. The combined experience of being delayed in hospital and being homeless led to a lack of choice and control over the basics in life, how consumers spent their time and with whom, and their futures. This lack of autonomy was shaped by the features of the hospital and participants' personal circumstance. The hospital features included rules and routines, physical and social environments, resources, and support from staff. Personal circumstances included individual situations, social networks, and support from community organisations. Participants described a variety of impacts, including reduced mental and physical well‐being, and anticipated difficulty transitioning back into the community.ConclusionThis study is the first of its kind and provides consumer perspectives on the impacts of HRDD on their well‐being and recovery. The inability to participate in meaningful and necessary occupations is an occupational injustice and implies the need for occupational therapists to advocate for both the prevention of HRDD through government investment in affordable and readily available housing and the mitigation of its effects through modified hospital environments and practices.
The micro determinants of financial inclusion and financial resilience in Africa
Authors: Tinta Abdoulganiour Almame , Ouédraogo Idrissa Mohamed , Al‐Hassan Ramatu Mahama 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study analyzes the factors influencing financial inclusion and financial resilience in Africa. Using national surveys of 40 African countries and the doing business database, multiple models are performed to analyze financial inclusion drivers. The results show that individual characteristics, barriers to formal accounting, financial literacy and innovation condition the decision to have a traditional or mobile account. Informal savings are common among women, youth and in rural areas while formal savings predominate among men, the elderly and in urban areas. A high level of education and income leads people to migrate to formal savings. For business purposes, informal savings are preferred while for old age, individuals resort to formal savings because of interest rates. Social lifestyles make informal credit predominate in Africa. However, when people have employment, high income or education, they turn more to formal credit to preserve their reputation because of the respect and popularity they enjoy in their community. Marriage, financial literacy and innovation improve the resilience of individuals, while employment increases their vulnerability. Key policy recommendations are to improve the banking sector, institutions, innovations and income‐generating activities to attract women and reduce the gender gap.
Vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction‐gas chromatography (VADLLME‐GC) determination of residual ketamine, nimetazepam, and xylazine from drug‐spiked beverages appearing in liquid, droplet, and dry forms
Authors: Teoh Way Koon , Mohamed Sadiq Nabeesathul Sumayya , Saisahas Kasrin , Phoncai Apichai , Kunalan Vanitha , Md Muslim Noor Zuhartini , Limbut Warakorn , Chang Kah Haw , Abdullah Ahmad Fahmi Lim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPresently, investigations of drug‐facilitated crimes (DFCs) rely on the detection of substances extracted from biological samples following intake by the victim. However, such detection requires rapid sampling and analysis prior to metabolism and elimination of the drugs from the body. In cases of suspected DFCs, drug‐spiked beverage samples, whether in liquid, droplet, or even dried form, can be tested for the presence of spike drugs and used as evidence for the occurrence of DFCs. This study aimed to quantitatively determine three sedative‐hypnotics (ketamine, nimetazepam, and xylazine) from drug‐spiked beverages using a vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction‐gas chromatography (VADLLME‐GC) approach. In this study, a GC method was first developed and validated, followed by the optimization of the VADLLME protocol, which was then applied to quantify the target substances in simulated forensic case scenarios. The developed GC method was selective, sensitive (limit of detection: 0.08 μg/ml [ketamine]; 0.16 μg/ml [nimetazepam]; 0.08 μg/ml [xylazine]), linear (R2 > 0.99), precise (%RSD <7.2%), and accurate (% recovery: 92.8%–103.5%). Higher recoveries were achieved for the three drugs from beverage samples in liquid form (51%–97%) as compared to droplet (48%–96%) and dried (44%–93%) residues. The recovery was not hindered by very low volumes of spiked beverage and dried residues. In conclusion, the developed VADLLME‐GC method successfully recovered ketamine, nimetazepam, and xylazine from spiked beverages that are likely to be encountered during forensic investigation of DFCs.
Angiosarcoma of breast and chest wall complicated with tuberculous empyema: A case report
Authors: Gao Xingchen , Liu Haiyan , Wang Feng , Xu Ziwei , Han Yi , Liu Shuku 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAngiosarcoma is a highly malignant endothelial tumor, accounting for 1% to 2% of soft tissue sarcomas. The most common site of the disease is the skin, accounting for approximately 60% of cases, especially the skin of the head. It can also occur in soft tissue, bone, and retroperitoneum. However, angiosarcomas of the breast and chest wall are rare. Here, we report a 44‐year‐old woman who was admitted to hospital with encapsulated empyema. She was subsequently diagnosed with angiosarcomas of the breast and chest wall with tuberculous empyema. At the same time, we also reviewed the current research progress in angiosarcoma of the breast and chest wall to explore better treatment options for these patients.
Estimating forest above‐ground biomass with terrestrial laser scanning: Current status and future directions
Authors: Demol Miro , Verbeeck Hans , Gielen Bert , Armston John , Burt Andrew , Disney Mathias , Duncanson Laura , Hackenberg Jan , Kükenbrink Daniel , Lau Alvaro , Ploton Pierre , Sewdien Artie , Stovall Atticus , Takoudjou Stéphane Momo , Volkova Liubov , Weston Christopher , Wortel Verginia , Calders Kim 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Improving the global monitoring of above‐ground biomass (AGB) is crucial for forest management to be effective in climate mitigation. In the last decade, methods have been developed for estimating AGB from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data. TLS‐derived AGB estimates can address current uncertainties in allometric and Earth observation (EO) methods that quantify AGB.

We assembled a global dataset of TLS scanned and consecutively destructively measured trees from a variety of forest conditions and reconstruction pipelines. The dataset comprised 391 trees from 111 species with stem diameter ranging 8.5 to 180.3 cm and AGB ranging 13.5–43,950 kg.

TLS‐derived AGB closely agreed with destructive values (bias <1%, concordance correlation coefficient of 98%). However, we identified below‐average performances for smaller trees (<1,000 kg) and conifers. In every individual study, TLS estimates of AGB were less biased and more accurate than those from allometric scaling models (ASMs), especially for larger trees (>1,000 kg).

More effort should go to further understanding and constraining several TLS error sources. We currently lack an objective method of evaluating point cloud quality for tree volume reconstruction, hindering the development of reconstruction algorithms and presenting a bottleneck for tracking down the error sources identified in our synthesis. Since quantifying AGB with TLS requires only a fraction of the efforts as compared to destructive harvesting, TLS‐calibrated ASMs can become a powerful tool in AGB upscaling. TLS will be critical for calibrating/validating scheduled and launched remote sensing initiatives aiming at global AGB mapping.
Impact of cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibition on cannabis withdrawal and circulating endocannabinoids in daily cannabis smokers
Authors: Haney Margaret , Bedi Gillinder , Cooper Ziva D. , Herrmann Evan S. , Reed Stephanie Collins , Foltin Richard W. , Kingsley Philip J. , Marnett Lawrence J. , Patel Sachin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAttenuating enzymatic degradation of endocannabinoids (eCBs) by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) reduces cannabis withdrawal symptoms in preclinical and clinical studies. In mice, blocking cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) activity increases central eCB levels by inhibiting fatty acid degradation. This placebo‐controlled study examined the effects of the FDA‐approved COX‐2 selective inhibitor, celecoxib, on cannabis withdrawal, ‘relapse’, and circulating eCBs in a human laboratory model of cannabis use disorder. Daily, nontreatment‐seeking cannabis smokers (12M, 3F) completed a crossover study comprising two 11‐day study phases (separated by >14 days for medication clearance). In each phase, the effects of daily BID placebo (0 mg) or celecoxib (200 mg) on cannabis (5.3% THC) intoxication, withdrawal symptoms (4 days of inactive cannabis self‐administration) and ‘relapse’ (3 days of active cannabis self‐administration following abstinence) were assessed. Outcome measures included mood, cannabis self‐administration, sleep, food intake, cognitive performance, tobacco cigarette use and circulating eCBs and related lipids. Under placebo maintenance, cannabis abstinence produced characteristic withdrawal symptoms (negative mood, anorexia and dreaming) relative to cannabis administration and was associated with increased OEA (a substrate of FAAH) and oleic acid (metabolite of OEA), with no change in eCB levels. Compared to placebo, celecoxib improved subjective (but not objective) measures of sleep and did not affect mood or plasma levels of eCBs or associated lipids and increased cannabis craving. The overall absence of effects on cannabis withdrawal symptoms, self‐administration or circulating eCBs relative to placebo, combined with an increase in cannabis craving, suggests celecoxib does not show promise as a potential pharmacotherapy for CUD.
NLRP6 negatively regulates type 2 immune responses in mice
Authors: Chenuet Pauline , Marquant Quentin , Fauconnier Louis , Youness Ali , Mellier Manon , Marchiol Tiffany , Rouxel Nathalie , Messaoud‐Nacer Yasmine , Maillet Isabelle , Ledru Aurélie , Quesniaux Valérie F. J. , Ryffel Bernhard , Horsnell William , Végran Frédérique , Apetoh Lionel , Togbe Dieudonnée 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundInflammasomes are large protein complexes that assemble in the cytosol in response to danger such as tissue damage or infection. Following activation, inflammasomes trigger cell death and the release of biologically active forms of pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18. NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) inflammasome is required for IL‐18 secretion by intestinal epithelial cells, macrophages, and T cells, contributing to homeostasis and self‐defense against pathogenic microbes. However, the involvement of NLRP6 in type 2 lung inflammation remains elusive.MethodsWild‐type (WT) and Nlrp6−/− mice were used. Birch pollen extract (BPE)‐induced allergic lung inflammation, eosinophil recruitment, Th2‐related cytokine and chemokine production, airway hyperresponsiveness, and lung histopathology, Th2 cell differentiation, GATA3, and Th2 cytokines expression, were determined. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) infection, worm count in intestine, type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2), and Th2 cells in lungs were evaluated.ResultsWe demonstrate in Nlrp6−/− mice that a mixed Th2/Th17 immune responses prevailed following birch pollen challenge with increased eosinophils, ILC2, Th2, and Th17 cell induction and reduced IL‐18 production. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infected Nlrp6−/− mice featured enhanced early expulsion of the parasite due to enhanced type 2 immune responses compared to WT hosts. In vitro, NLRP6 repressed Th2 polarization, as shown by increased Th2 cytokines and higher expression of the transcription factor GATA3 in the absence of NLRP6. Exogenous IL‐18 administration partially reduced the enhanced airways inflammation in Nlrp6−/− mice.ConclusionsIn summary, our data identify NLRP6 as a negative regulator of type 2 immune responses.
Understanding the State in relation to Late Capitalism: A Response to “New” State Capitalism Contributions
Authors: Carroll Toby , Jarvis Darryl 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis intervention responds to a series of articles—including one published in Antipode—on what is referred to as “new” state capitalism (NSC) or sometimes, simply, state capitalism. Our overarching argument is that by eliding state and institutionalist theory and, specifically, separating the analysis of state transformation from the power and leverage of social forces under late capitalism, NSC scholars end up offering an inaccurate, inchoate and incoherent conceptualisation and analysis of important phenomena. Our contention is that future work needs to return to socio‐relational analyses of the state, prioritising the power and leverage of social forces operating under patterns of accumulation characterised by more‐integrated‐than‐ever‐before global economic‐market relations and the concentration of productive and financial capital.
Relationships between objective and subjective socioeconomic status and physical health among adolescents in South Korea
Authors: Kim Sue‐Lynn , Yoo Joan P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study seeks to broaden the understanding of socioeconomic health disparities among Korean adolescents. Specifically, we examine the pathways from objective SES and subjective SES to physical health through a psychosocial perspective. To this end, stress and self‐efficacy, which have been identified as critical psychosocial factors associated with SES, and physical activity, one of the most representative health behaviors during this period, are included as mediating variables in the research model. We utilize data from the 3rd year survey of the Seoul Education and Health Welfare Panel (2016), which consists of responses from 680 adolescents and parents. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze the responses. The results show that sSES is directly associated with the physical health of adolescents. Meanwhile, oSES is indirectly associated with physical health and has two distinct psychosocial pathways to physical health according to whether or not the effect is mediated by sSES. Finally, we discuss the implications of the study findings.
Mothers' and fathers' views on the importance of play for their children's development: Gender differences, academic activities, and the parental role
Authors: Waters Gillian M. , Tidswell Georgina R. , Bryant Eleanor J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPlay is a main driver of children's cognitive and social development and is crucial for educational success (Paediatrics, 119, 2007 and 182). In recent years, however, parents and schools are under pressure to prioritize academic targets over play.AimsThe current research investigated parents' views about three aspects of their children's play and academic activities.SamplePredominantly highly educated UK parents (109 mothers and 49 fathers) were recruited via social media.MethodParticipants were asked to complete an amended online version of the Preschool Play and Learning Questionnaire (International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 2004 and 97). The questionnaire consisted of 25 items covering three themes: the importance of play for children's development, the importance of academic activities, and the importance of parents' role in their children's development. The independent variables were the gender of the parent, the gender of their child, and the age group of their child (4–7 years, or 8–11 years).ResultsParents rated play higher than academic activities or their own roles, but the difference was not noteworthy. However, fathers rated academic activities and the parents' role significantly higher than mothers did. In addition, parents of girls rated academic activities and their own role significantly higher than parents of boys.ConclusionsThe findings of the current research highlight gender divisions between parents and towards boys and girls regarding the importance of education. Gender roles appear to influence the way parents think about the academic activities their children partake in.
Application of qualitative value of information to prioritize uncertainties about eastern black rail population recovery
Authors: Lawson Abigail J. , Kalasz Kevin , Runge Michael C. , Schwarzer Amy C. , Stantial Michelle L. , Woodrey Mark , Lyons James E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNatural resource management decisions are often made in the face of uncertainty. The question for the decision maker is whether the uncertainty is an impediment to the decision and, if so, whether it is worth reducing uncertainty before or while implementing actions. Value of information (VoI) methods are decision analytical tools to evaluate the benefit to the decision maker of resolving uncertainty. These methods, however, require quantitative predictions of the outcomes as a function of management alternatives and uncertainty, in which predictions which may not be available at early stages of decision prototyping. Here we describe the first participatory application of a new qualitative approach to VoI in an adaptive management workshop for Atlantic Coast eastern black rail populations. The eastern black rail is a small, cryptic marsh bird that was recently listed as federally threatened, with extremely little demographic data available. Workshop participants developed conceptual models and nine hypotheses related to the effects of habitat management alternatives on black rail demography. Here, we describe the qualitative VoI framework, how it was implemented in the workshop, and the analysis outcomes, and describe the benefits of qualitative VoI in the context of adaptive management and co‐production of conservation science.
Assessment of the prevalence of burnout and well‐being in solid organ transplant pharmacists
Authors: Harris Matt , Pilch Nicole , Doligalski Christina T. , Henricksen Erik , Melaragno Jennifer , Lichvar Alicia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundSolid organ transplant (SOT) pharmacist burnout and well‐being has not been described.MethodsA survey of SOT pharmacists was distributed to transplant pharmacy organization listservs. Burnout was assessed with the full 22 item Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI‐HSS‐MP) and well‐being was assessed with the Mayo Well‐Being Index (WBI). Logistic multivariate regression was constructed to identify risk factors for a composite burnout assessment.ResultsIn total, 230 responses were included (estimated response rate 36.2%). Survey participants were predominantly Caucasian (80.4%), female (79.1%), married/partnered (67.4%), and were within the first 5 years of practice (32.2%) as clinical pharmacist/specialists (87%). According to the MBI‐HSS‐MP, 63% met criteria for burnout. Comparing the groups with or without burnout, low quality of life (40.4% vs. 9.5%; P<.001), extreme fatigue (52.1% vs. 19%; P<.001), and likelihood of leaving the job for reasons other than retirement (38.5% vs. 10.7%; P<.001) were more common. The incidence of SOT pharmacists with WBI scores ≥ 5 (decreased well‐being) was 26.5%. Among clinical pharmacists, risk factors for burnout included > 10 h per week of clinical duties outside of transplant (OR 2.669, P = .021) and extreme fatigue (OR 3.473, P<.001).ConclusionsPharmacist burnout in SOT practice was similar to that reported in various pharmacy specialties (53–61%), which impacts clinical workforce retention and personal well‐being.