bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apple, Codling Moth Control with Imidan and Guthion, 1991
Authors: Brunner Jay F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Imidan and Guthion were evaluated for CM control when used in a seasonal spray program. The test orchard was located at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee. Test trees were 17-year-old non-spur ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Golden Delicious’. The orchard was irrigated by under-tree sprinklers on a 14-day schedule. The test consisted of four single-tree replicates in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gallons per acre. The first application coincided with beginning of CM egg hatch as predicted by the CM degree day (°D) model at 250°D after first capture of males in pheromone traps [BIOFIX], 29 May. The second application was made 21 days following the first. The third application (first against the second generation) was made at 1250°D following BIOFIX, 22 Jul; and the last application was made 21 days following the third. After the first CM generation (16 Jul), 100 fruit from each replicate were examined and the number damaged by CM recorded. At harvest (29 Aug), 200 fruit were picked from each replicate and examined for damage by CM and PLR. CM damage was rated as a “sting” (an unsuccessful entry in the fruit denoted by a scar but no penetration) or a deep entry. Mites were sampled in Jun, Jul and Aug. Twenty-five leaves were collected from each tree. In the laboratory leaves were processed through a mite brushing machine and each mite species was counted with aid of a dissecting microscope. Aphids were evaluated by examining 10 shoots in two replicates (trees) per treatment on 5 Jul, after the first two sprays had been applied in all treatments, and recording the number infested by aphids as well as the number of aphids on the most infested leaf.
Spray Evaluations for Bean Insects, 1992
Authors: Webb D.R. , Eckenrode C.J. , Hessney M.L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments consisted of double rows (25 ft) planted 26 Tun; 3 ft apart and placed in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. There was a 15 ft alleyway between each replication with 2 unsprayed buffer rows between treatments. A tractor-powered, 2-row planter was used for seeding. The plot was located at the Fruit and Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, New York. Sprays were applied 4 (blossom stage), 11, and 25 Aug. The tractor-mounted sprayer was equipped with a 2-row boom with 3 nozzles/row and delivered 50 gal/acre at 50 psi. Plot evaluations on 1 Sep were conducted by harvesting all pods from consecutive plants for a 1 lb sample from each treatment in each replication. TPB damage was calculated from the no. of pods injured/1 lb sample and then recorded on a percentage basis. MBB counts were made from 25 consecutive plants from each treatment in each replication with no. of larvae recorded.
Seed Maggot Control, 1992
Authors: Webb D.R. , Eckenrode C.J. , Hessney M.L. , Taylor A.G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A hand-pushed ‘V’ belt seeder was used to plant 100 seeds in each treatment row at the Fruit and Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, N.Y. A 2-4 inch band of meat and bone meal was placed over each row to increase seed maggot oviposition. This bait, when placed in the seed furrow, has reduced stands in bean plantings by up to 50%, so care was taken to avoid mixing with the seed. Each plot consisted of single-row treatments (15 ft), 3 ft apart in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Seeds were treated using conventional slurry methods on 1 Jul, or film coatings on 30 Jun; plots were planted 2 Jul; and damage counts were made 16 Jul. The film coatings were applied by A.G. Taylor (Dept. of Hort. Science, NYS Agric. Expt. Sta., Geneva. N.Y.) by suspending Trigard 75 WP and Captan (2.5 oz form/seed cwt) in a 15% solution of Opadry F (Colorcon Co.) and then spraying the seeds with the suspension. Emerged seedlings in each row were counted and percent damage was calculated using no. damaged plants.
Management of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage with Teflubenzuron, 1990
Authors: Jansson R. K. , Lecrone S. H. , Castillo J. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Rio Verde’ cabbage seeds were incorporated into a germination mix (Pro-Mix) and direct seeded into a Rockdale soil at the University of Florida’s Tropical Research and Education Center on 5 Feb 1990. The soil was fumigated with Terr-O-Gas (75% methyl bromide, 25% chloropicrin; 246 kg/ha) and covered with white on black plastic mulch on 30 Jan. Plants were spaced 0.3 m apart within rows and 0.76 m apart between rows on 1.8 m-center beds. Fertilizer (1680 kg/ha of granular 6:12:12) was applied and incorporated into the soil on 25 Jan. Goal 2 EC was applied (0.56 kg (AI)/ha) between the beds on 2 Feb for week control. Plants were irrigated 4 h day using a turbo T-tape drip irrigation system (model 40) which delivered 5.0 liters of water/m of dripline/h. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatment plots were 4 rows (2 beds) by 12.2 m long. A 3.0-m long section of nontreated plants separated replicates. Treatments within a replicate were separated by one nontreated bed and a 1.8 m alleyway. Efficacy and residual activity of CME 13406 (0.033 kg (AI)/ha) were evaluated using three treatment strategies; applications made weekly for 3 wk and then at 2 wk intervals thereafter; applications made at 2 wk intervals until heading and then judiciously thereafter; and applications made at 2 wk intervals.
Integrated Management of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1990
Authors: Jansson R. K. , Lecrone S. H. , Castillo J. G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Rio Verde’ cabbage seeds were incorporated into a germination mix (Pro-Mix) and direct seeded into a Rockdale soil at the University of Florida’s Tropical Research and Education Center on 6 Feb 1990. The soil was fumigated with Terr-O-Gas (75% methyl bromide, 25% chloropicrin; 246 kg/ha) and covered with white on black plastic mulch on 30 Jan. Plants were spaced 0.3 m apart within rows and 0.76 m apart between rows on 1.8 m-center beds. Fertilizer (1680 kg/ha of granular 6:12:12) was applied and incorporated into the soil on 25 Jan. Goal 2 EC was applied (0.56 kg (AI)/ha) between the beds on 2 Feb for weed control. Plants were irrigated 4 h/day using a turbo T-tape drip irrigation system (model 40) which delivered 5.0 liters of water/m of dripline/h. Eight treatments and a nontreated check were compared. Treatments tested were alternate week applications of an insect growth regulator, CME 13406 (0.033 kg (AI)/ha), in combination with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, Cutlass WP (2.2 kg/ha) or Dipel 2 X (0.56 kg/ha) rotated with B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Cutlass WP or Dipel 2 X); biweekly applications of CME 13406 in combination with B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Cutlass WP or Dipel 2 X); biweekly applications of CME 13406; and weekly application of Cutlass, Dipel, and Phosdrin 4 E (0.56 kg (AI)/ha) in combination with Dipel 2 X (0.56 kg/ha). Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design.
Sorghum Greenbug Control, 1976
Authors: Peters Leroy L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design in Clay County, Nebraska. Irrigated plots, summarized in Table 1, were 2 rows, 45 ft long (30 in centers), with 5 replications. Plots were separated by 1 untreated row on each side and a 15 ft grass driveway on each end. Irrigation water was applied with towline sprinklers. All other plots were under dryland conditions and were 2 rows, 30 feet long (30 in centers). Plots were separated by 1 untreated row on each side and 1, 4ft alley and a 15 ft wide untreated strip at each end. Dryland experiments were replicated 4 times except for the recommended insecticide test (Table 2) which was replicated 5 times. Granular insecticides were applied with a Noble metering device mounted on the planter or a bicyclewheeled carriage. Liquid insecticides were applied with a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on an International Harvester 140 tractor. Relative effectiveness of treatments was evaluated by counting live greenbugs on 10 plants selected at random from each plot until July 19 when 5 plants per plot were examined. Percent control was calculated by Abbott's formula.
Aphid Control on Tobacco, 1976
Authors: Barney W. P. , Reagan T. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An on-farm test comparing several insecticide sprays labeled for aphid control was conducted in Granville Co., North Carolina, using a completely randomized design. Plots consisted of 4 rows x 100 ft (ca 200 plants/plot) separated by vacant 5th middles and 10 ft alleys. Spray treatments were applied using a tractor sprayer with a 2 row boom and 3 full-cone nozzles (TG-3) per row delivering 50 gal/acre at 60 psi. Furadan (10G) was applied broadcast in 6 plots 2 weeks prior to transplant. Spray treatments were applied pre-button on July 20 when aphid infestation exceeded the economic threshold of 25% or more plants medium-heavily infested. Live aphids were counted on the 2 heaviest infested leaves of 10 randomly selected plants July 23 and 27.
Tobacco Budworm Control on Tobacco, 1975-76
Authors: Regan T. E. , Barney W. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Ten on-farm tesfc were conducted comparing tfie systemic insectide, carbofuran (Furadan) to merhomyl treatments sprayed at different theoretical threshold levels, and to Dipel bait, and a cultural method for controlling damage of the tobacco budworm on flue-cured tobacco. Plots consisted of 4 100 ft rows separated by a vacant 5th middle and 10 ft alleys between each of 3 replications. Soil fumigant nematicide (Telone C or Shell DD ) was used prior to transplant if soil samples or previous field history indicated a need for control. Furadan was applied broadcast 2 weeks prior to transplant. Merhomyl (Lannate) treatments were applied with a tractor sprayer using a 2-row boom and 3 fijll-cone nozzles (TG-3) per row delivering 50 gal/__ acre at 60 psi. Budworms were counted weekly on 20 randomly selected plants in each plot. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and orthogonal partitioning of treatments.
Wireworm Control on Tobacco, 1976
Authors: Reagan T. E. , Collins W. K. , Barney W. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
On-farm tests were conducted in Bladen and Lenoir counties, North Carolina, to determine the effectiveness of insecticides for control of wireworms on flue-cured tobacco. Treatments replicated 4 times with 2 rows (42 in apart and 78 ft long) per plot at each location. Insecticides were disced into plots following application and rows ridged immediately after soil in corporation. Ten to 14 days after transplant, 25 plants per plot were dug and removed to the laboratory where stems were washed, split lengthwise and examined for wireworm injury according to the following numerical evaluation criteria: 0 - no damage; 1 - no apparant damage other than scarification feeding on the epidermis; 2 - little apparent damage but feeding holes reach pith of the stem; 3 - plants greatly weakened from tunneling in the stem; 4 - plants killed due to extensive tunneling. Wireworm specimens were collected and identified from plants and adjacent soil. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and orthogonal partitioning of treatments.
Severity of Barley Yellow Dwarf As Related To Insecticidal Treatments For Control of Aphids, 1975
Authors: Reed H. E. , Chambers A. Y. , Lentz G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In a field test at Jackson, Tennessee, 4 systemic insecticides were tested in 14 treatments for control of aphids which transmit barley yellow dwarf virus. Seedling date was October 1 '75. Four replications of each treatment were made using a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of 5,20 ft rows, 7.5 inches apart with 2 ft between plots.
European Pine Shoot Moth Control on Pine, 1975
Authors: Campbell R. Lee 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The test plants were 4 - 6 ft tall sheared Scots pine Christmas trees located on a plantation near Tumwater, Washington. Four replicates of each treatment, in a Completely Randomized design, were used. Each plot consisted of a block of trees 9 rows × 18 rows (0.1 acre). Treatments were applied row by row with Holder backpack power mistblowers applying 3 gal per plot (30 gal/acre). Treatment dates were Jun 10, Jul 1, Jul 14, and Jul 29. The treatments were evaluated on Aug 21 by examining 100 buds in each plot (10 from each of 10 trees selected haphazardly in the middle of each plot) for evidence of infestation. On Sept 3, 100 buds from each plot of selected treatments were brought into the laboratory and dissected to ascertain presence of living larvae. Laboratory dissection of buds confirmed the accuracy of field-collected data.
Mouse-Cuterebra Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1976
Authors: Drummond R. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
White mice are infested ocularly with 5 newly hatched larvae of Cuterebrafontinella. Two days later, female mice are weighed and treated orally (mg/kg basis) with candidate insecticides formulated in Tween 20; male mice have a plastic collar placed around their necks (to prevent grooming) and are dipped (body only) into 100-200 ml of an emulsion of the candidate insecticide usually formulated as an EC in xylene (65 parts), Triton X-100 (10 parts), and Al (25 parts). Highest dosages are 100 mg/kg and 1%. Four days later, mice are killed, and bodies examined carefully for encapsulated larvae (usually in inguinal region). Effectiveness is determined by comparing numbers of larvae in treated mice with numbers in untreated mice. Probit analysis is conducted with corrected percent kill data. Details of the test have been presented by Gingrich, R.E., etal., 1972, J. Econ. Entomol. 65(3): 742-5, and Drummond, R.O., and R. E. Gingrich, 1972, J. Econ. Entomol. 65(4): 1211-2. Recent resuhTwere presented by Drummond, R. O., 1976, Insect. Acaric. Tests 1: 117-8.
Area Control of Tabanids with Naled, 1976
Authors: Hagen Arthur F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Scottsbluff area treated was 182 acres of lowland pasture in which 2 streams and 2 ponds are located. In addition, waste water from surrounding irrigation also drains into the area causing additional moist, swampy areas. The chemical was diluted with water with a pH of 8.2. This mixture was applied by airplane at the rate of 2 gallons/acre. Two applications were made, the first on July 7th and the second on August 11th. Both applications were made at ca 6 p.m. Mean temperature during the spraying and sampling times for the test was 81.2° F. Wind velocity during this same period was less than 5 mph. Tabanid counts were obtained by using two CO2 traps coated with Tack Trap. The number of flies caught in a 2-hr period were recorded. Pre-treatment counts were made 1 day before treatment.
Azidotriazine Poultry Feed Additive For House Fly Control; Insect Growth Regulators, 1975
Authors: Breeden G. C. , Turner E. C. , Beane W. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three replicates of 5 adult Leghorn hens were used for each treatment rate of each compound tested. The compounds were thoroughly mixed with a commercial laying mash and then fed to the hens for 7 days. Untreated feed was fed the following 7 days. One collective manure sample was taken daily from each relicate. All manure samples were placed in plastic bags and frozen (0°F) immediately. After all samples from each test were collected, they were thawed, placed in emergence containers, and seeded with 50 second-instar house fly larvae. In the first test, treatment rates for the azidotriazine compounds CGA-34296 (dry 95% technical) and CGA-19255 (dry 93% technical) were 0, 5, and 10 ppm (a.i. in feed). Dimilin (dry 99.4% technical) at 5 ppm and Altosid (PS-10) at 10 ppm were used as comparison standards. The house flies used in the first test were from a field strain known from previous research to be resistant to Altosid. When collected for lab rearing (Nov 1'74) this strain had been subjected to constant pressure by a 7.5 ppm (a.i. in feed) rate of Altosid in the field for about 4 months. In the second test, treatment rates for CGA-34296 and CGA-19255 were 0, 1.25, 2.50, and 5 ppm (a.i.in feed). Only Altosid at 10 ppm was used as a comparison standard. The house flies used in the second test were from another field strain known from previous research' to be resistant to Altosid. When collected for lab rearing (Sept 23'75), this strain had been subjected to constant pressure by a 10 ppm (a.i. in feed) rate of Altosid in the field for about 3 months.
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CONTROL WITH INSECTICIDES, 1976
Authors: Hall Franklin R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated in seasonal program for efficacy against red mite using 3 Red Delicious apple trees per treatment. Treatments were applied to run-off using a hand gun and truck-mounted Myers hydraulic sprayer operating at 450-500 psi. Gallonage applied was ca 4 gallons/tree or equivalent of 350 gal/acre. Applications were made at petal fall May 8, and 6 cover sprays on May 19, June 2, June 17, July 2, July 19, and August 9, '76. Captan 50WP at 1 lb ai/100 gal included in all plots. BAAM and Imidan plots not sprayed until June 17. Regular Guthion program had Vydate 2L at 0.125 lb ai/100 added from.July 2, to end of season. Mites were counted by randomly collecting 25 leaves from 4-8' around each replicate tree, brushing mites onto glass plates and counting the day of sample.
Apple, Summer Mite Control Treatments, 1976
Authors: Hill Clarence H. , Cobb Leonard J . , Thomas John H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Acaricide treatments were applied midseason to young apple trees. The trees had a grower applied standard spray schedule. The acaricide treatments were applied July 15 with a Bean, 35 gallon per minute hydraulic sprayer operating at 540 psi. The trees were sprayed to run-off. Dual tree treatments were replicated 5 times. The mite populations were sampled at about one and two weeks after treatment. Twenty leaves were collected from each replicate and brushed with a machine of a modified Henderson-McBurnie type. The dislodged mites were trapped on the surface of a revolving glass plate in a thin layer of dilute polyvinyl alcohol (Emcol 5100). Sections of the plate were counted; from this the total number of mites in each sample was calculated.
Apple, European Red Mite and Apple Rust Mite Suppression, 1976
Authors: Horsburgh R. L. , Ponton L. F. , McCaffrey J. P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Three application rates of each of three pesticides were evaluated for suppression of mite populations in a block of six year old apple trees on M M 106 rootstock at Massies Mill , VA. The rows were laid out in an east-west direction with 22 feet between them. Tree spacing in the row was 12 feet. Before the commencement of the experiment the orchard was on a regular spraying schedule of Benlate 4 oz/acre + Guthion 4 oz/acre applied to alternate rows at approximately weekly intervals. Each material was applied with an adjustable hand gun to run off at 250 psi. Each plot consisted of four adjacent trees in a row, and plots of all treatments were randomly positioned within the row. Each treatment was replicated on three cultivars: Paula Red, Golden Delicious and Red Delicious. Treatments were applied first on August 3 , 1976 and repeated August 13, 1976. All counts were taken from 25 randomly selected leaves from the two central trees in each plot. We tabulated the data as mites per leaf after brushing and counting microscopically according to the Henderson-McBurnie method. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and means separation was by Duncan's multiple range at P 5 .05.
Apple, Insecticide Tests, 1976
Authors: Jackson J. O. , Koval C. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dilute sprays were applied to apple trees at 200 psi with a no. 2 gunjet until run off. Test plots at the Horticultural orchard, Arlington, Wl , included 10 frees each and 30 to 40 trees each at the Potter Preserve Orchard, Baraboo, W l . At Baraboc the fungicides Polyram and Captan (2 lbs each) were applied prebloom (April 29 , May 7) and at petal fall (May 26) . Polyram was applied with insecticide treatments at petal fall and with covers (June 9 , 25; July 13, 24; August 11 , 25) . Dipel (1lb) was applied to control plot (May 26 to suppress a cankerworm infestation. At Arlington insecticides were applied June 4 (petal fall) and covers (June 10, 26; July 13, 24; August 11 , 24). Sumithion was omitted in the third cover (July 13) for both orchards. Differences in injury by curculio (Arlington) and red-banded leafroller (both orchards) were tested by comparing each treatment with every other treatment using ts (approximates t distribution, d.f. = ™, for arcsin transformed data).
Apple, Dormant Control of Oystershell Scale, 1976
Authors: Reissig Harvey , Dunham D. H. , Hebding Harold E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Materials were applied dilute to run off with a hand sprayer (400 psi), to single tree plots of Rhode Island Greening apple trees which had been heavily infested with oystershell scale the previous year. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design replicated 3 times. One spray was applied on April 9 when trees were in the late silver tip bud stage. On July 15, ten terminals were removed from each replication and the number of scales was counted on the first 5 inches of the current year's growth.
Apple, Insect Control, Hudson Valley, 1976
Authors: Weires R. W. , Smith G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were evaluated in a seasonal control program in a twelveyearold planting on the EM 2 rootstock. Treatments were applied to runoff by high pressure handgun sprayer operating at 425 psi and using ca 3.2 gal/tree or 300 gal/acre. Eight-tree plots containing from 5 to 7 different apple cultivars were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied at pink (Mcintosh) April 19; petal fall (Rome) May 7, 8; and in 7 cover sprays- May 21, 24; June 4, 18; July 2, 26, 30; and August 13. Additional sprays applied over the entire block by airblast sprayer for disease control included: Difolatan 4F, 5 qt/100 gal (April 6), Captan 50W 1 1/2 lb/100 gal (May 3), and Manzate 200 80W 1 1/2 lb/100 gal (May 13). The Golden Delicious, Rome Beauty, and Red Delicious cultivars were thinned May 22 with 10 ppm NAA. Above normal temperatures during early April caused an abnormally early bloom. This resulted in harvest dates which were 1-2 weeks earlier than normal. Temperatures were slightly below average for July, August, and September, but rainfall was 3" and 1" above normal for months of August and September.
Pears, Pear Psylla Control, Hudson Valley, 1976
Authors: Weires R. W. , Smith G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A six-year-old Bartlett pear block near New Paltz, New York was divided into three-tree plots replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Eleven treatments were applied to run off on June 9 by high pressure handgun sprayer at 400 psi. Treatments were evaluated by sampling five spurs per plot and counting all pear psylla nymphs and eggs on each spur under a binocular scope in the laboratory. A pre-treatment count made June 4 indicated 2nd brood nymphs were starting to hatch and egg-laying was heavy. Counts were made 6 (June 15), 14 (June 23), and 28 (July 6) days after treatments were applied.