bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term administration of Polypodium leucotomos extract does not inhibit CYP3A4‐mediated metabolism of midazolam in healthy subjects: an open‐label, two‐period, fixed‐sequence study
Authors: Shinya Koichiro , Nishimura Yuki , Ryu Kakei , Sambe Takehiko , Fujishiro Masaya , Nakauchi Akihiro , Kashiwabuchi Yumika , Iwase Mariko , Chokki Hirokazu , Kurata Norimitsu , Matsuyama Takaaki , Kiuchi Yuji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe extract of Polypodium leucotomos is used as a dietary supplement for its ultraviolet radiation‐protective properties. Polypodium leucotomos extract reportedly inhibits CYP3A, which is important for drug metabolism in vitro in human microsomes and in vivo in rats. In this study, we explored the inhibitory effect of the P. leucotomos extract on CYP3A4‐mediated midazolam metabolism in humans. This open‐label, two‐period, fixed‐sequence study was performed on six healthy, Japanese, male volunteers. During period 1 (control), midazolam (1 mg) was orally administered. After a wash‐out period of at least 5 days, period 2 was initiated. Subjects ingested P. leucotomos extract (240 mg) once in the morning and once at noon on the day before midazolam administration, and once the next morning (thrice overall). Midazolam was administered as in period 1. Blood samples were regularly collected for 8 hours after drug administration, and serum midazolam concentration was determined by ultra‐fast liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters of midazolam were calculated and compared between the two periods. The area under the concentration‐time curve was 19.18 ± 3.65 ng h/ml, maximum serum concentration was 7.81 ± 1.25 ng/ml, and half‐life was 2.32 ± 0.35 hours during period 2. These parameters did not differ from those recorded in period 1 (area under the concentration‐time curve: 18.74 ± 2.97 ng h/ml, maximum serum concentration: 8.78 ± 1.67 ng/ml, half‐life: 2.52 ± 0.52 h). Therefore, short‐term oral administration of P. leucotomos extract did not cause food‐drug interactions mediated by CYP3A4 inhibition in humans.
Red cell distribution width and in‐hospital mortality in septic shock: A public database research
Authors: Ding Qiong , Su Yingjie , Li Changluo , Ding Ning 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the relationship between red cell distribution width (RDW) and in‐hospital mortality in septic shock based on a large‐scale public database.MethodsAll patients with septic shock in MIMIC‐IV were enrolled. Based on RDW values, the general characteristics of different groups were compared. Different models were constructed for exploring the association of RDW and in‐hospital mortality. To assess the predictive value of RDW, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied.ResultsA total of 3006 patients with septic shock were included and in‐hospital mortality was 32.27% (n = 970). The results of the fully adjusted model demonstrated that RDW was positively associated with in‐hospital mortality in septic shock patients after adjusting all confounders (OR = 1.12, 95% CI:1.08–1.17, p < .001). A linear relationship between RDW and in‐hospital mortality was found. For predicting in‐hospital mortality, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of RDW was .602 and the best threshold of RDW was 17.25%.ConclusionRDW was associated with in‐hospital mortality in septic shock. It could be a useful marker for predicting clinical outcomes in septic shock.
The functional diversity of tissue‐resident natural killer cells against infection
Authors: Le Toby , Reeves Roger Keith , McKinnon Lyle Robert 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor decades, studies of natural killer (NK) cells have focused on those found in peripheral blood (PBNK cells) as the prototype for NK cell biology. Only recently have researchers begun to explore the diversity of tissue‐resident NK (tr‐NK) cells. While tr‐NK cells were initially identified from mice parabiosis and intravascular staining experiments, they can also be identified by tissue retention markers such as CD69, CD103 and others. More importantly, tr‐NK cells have distinct functions compared to PBNK cells. Within the liver, there are diverse subsets of tr‐NK cells expressing different combinations of tissue‐retention markers and transcription factors, the clinical relevance of which are still unclear. Functionally, liver tr‐NK are primed with immediate responsiveness to infection and equipped with regulatory mechanisms to prevent liver damage. When decidual NK (dNK) cells were first discovered, they were mainly characterized by their reduced cytotoxicity and functions related to placental development. Recent studies, however, revealed different mechanisms by which dNK cells prevent uterine infections. The lungs are one of the most highly exposed sites for infection due to their role in oxygen exchange. Upon influenza infection, lung tr‐NK cells can degranulate and produce more inflammatory cytokines than PBNK cells. Less understood are gut tr‐NK cells which were recently characterized in infants and adults for their functional differences. In this mini‐review, we aim to provide a brief overview of the most recent discoveries on how several tr‐NK cells are implicated in the immune response against infection.
The kinetics of IgG subclasses and contributions to neutralizing activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type strain and variants in healthy adults immunized with inactivated vaccine
Authors: Chen Weixin , Zhang Lichi , Li Juan , Bai Shuang , Wang Yali , Zhang Bing , Zheng Qun , Chen Meng , Zhao Wei , Wu Jiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeutralizing antibody is an important indicator of vaccine efficacy, of which IgG is the main component. IgG can be divided into four subclasses. Up to now, studies analysing the humoral response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination have mostly focused on measuring total IgG, and the contribution of specific IgG subclasses remains elusive. The aim of this study is to investigate the kinetics of neutralizing antibodies and IgG subclasses, and to explore their relationships in people vaccinated with inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine. We conducted a prospective cohort study in 174 healthy adults aged 18–59 years old who were administrated 2 doses of CoronaVac 14 days apart and a booster dose 1 year after the primary immunization, and followed up for 15 months. Blood samples were collected at various time points after primary and booster immunization. We used live SARS‐CoV‐2 virus neutralizing assay to determine neutralizing ability against the wild‐type strain and 4 variants (Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron) and ELISA to quantify SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD‐specific IgG subclasses. The results showed that the 2‐dose primary immunization only achieved low neutralizing ability, while a booster shot can significantly enhance neutralizing ability against the wild‐type strain, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron variants. IgG1 and IgG3 were the most abundant serum antibodies, and IgG2 and IgG4 were hardly detected at any time. The ratio of IgG1/IgG3 was positively associated with the neutralization ability. The underlying mechanism requires further exploration.
Effect of platelet‐rich plasma vs standard management for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer wounds: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Gong Fan , Zhang Yun , Gao Jian , Li Xiaoliang , Zhang Hanlin , Ma Guoxu , Huang Yonglu , Zhang Bowen , Zhao Fei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of platelet‐rich plasma vs standard management for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer wounds. A systematic literature search up to March 2022 was performed and 1435 subjects with diabetic foot ulcer wounds at the baseline of the studies; 723 of them were treated with platelet‐rich plasma, and 712 used control. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated to assess the effect of platelet‐rich plasma vs standard management for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer wounds using the dichotomous method with a random or fixed‐effect model. The use of autologous platelet‐rich plasma resulted in significantly higher complete‐healed diabetic foot ulcer wounds compared with control (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.49‐2.56, P < 0.001). The use of allogeneic platelet‐rich plasma resulted in significantly higher complete‐healed diabetic foot ulcer wounds compared with control (OR, 6.19; 95% CI, 2.32‐16.56, P < 0.001). The use of autologous and allogeneic platelet‐rich plasma resulted in significantly higher complete‐healed diabetic foot ulcer wounds compared with control. Though, the analysis of outcomes should be with caution because of the low number of studies in certain comparisons, for example, allogeneic platelet‐rich plasma compared with control.
Exploration of Lactiplantibacillus fabifermentans and Furfurilactobacillus rossiae as potential cocoa fermentation starters
Authors: Korcari Dea , Ricci Giovanni , Fanton Alberto , Emide Davide , Barbiroli Alberto , Fortina Maria Grazia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the characteristics of two minority autochthonous LAB species, with particular regard to those properties that could be exploited in an improved cocoa fermentation process from a quality and safety point of view.

Methods and Results
Bacterial, yeast and mould strains characteristic of spontaneously fermented Dominican cocoa beans were isolated and identified by 16S or 26S rRNA gene sequencing. The potential of two autochthonous strains of LAB belonging to the species Lactiplantibacillus fabifermentans and Furfurilactibacillus rossiae were investigated. The two selected LAB strains were able to utilize glucose and fructose, produced mainly D-L lactic acid and had a good ability to resist to cocoa-related stress conditions such as low pH, high temperature and high osmotic pressure, as well as to grow in sterile cocoa pulp. The strains did not inhibit the growth of yeasts and acetic acid bacteria, that are essential to the cocoa fermentation process, and possessed a complex pool of peptidases especially active on hydrophobic amino acids. The strains also showed antifungal activity against mould species that can be found at the final stages of cocoa fermentation, as Aspergillus tamarii, A. nidulans, Lichtheimia ornata and Rhizomucor pusillus.

Conclusions
The tested strains are good candidates for the design of starter cultures for a controlled cocoa fermentation process.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This research showcases the potential of two alternative LAB species to the dominating Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Limosilactibacillus fermentum as cocoa fermentation starters, with an interesting activity in improving the safety and quality of the process.
Authentication of putative competitive bacterial endophytes of rice by re-isolation and DNA fingerprinting assay
Authors: Nunna Sai Aparna Devi , Balachandar Dananjeyan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimThe plant-growth-promoting putative competitive endophytes offer significant benefits to sustainable agriculture. The unworthy opportunistic and passenger endophytes are inevitable during the isolation of putative competitive endophytes. This study aimed to discriminate the putative competitive endophytes undoubtedly from the opportunistic and passenger endophytes.Methods and resultsThe newly isolated endophytes from field-grown rice were inoculated to 5-days old rice seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions. Re-isolation of the inoculated strains from the root surface, inner tissues of the whole plant, root and shoot was performed after 5-days. All the re-isolated colonies were compared with native isolates for homology by BOX-A1R-based repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (BOX-PCR) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) DNA fingerprints. The results revealed that the putative competitive endophytes (RE25 and RE10) showed positive for re-isolation and BOX and ERIC fingerprints for the whole plant, root and shoot. The opportunistic (RE27 and RE8) and passenger endophytes (RE44 and RE18) failed in re-isolation either from root or shoot. The epiphytes (ZSB15 and Az204) showed negative for endophytic re-isolation and positive for surface colonization.ConclusionThis modified procedure can discriminate the putative competitive endophytes from others.Significance and impact of the studyEliminating the opportunistic and passenger endophytes and epiphytes early by this method would help develop endophytic inoculants to enhance rice productivity.
The effect of option listing on financing decisions
Authors: Hong Eunpyo , Park Min C. , King Tao‐Hsien Dolly 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of option listing on corporate financing decisions. Firms experience a significant drop in leverage, which is driven mainly by an increase in new equity issues. This effect is more prominent in firms with greater information asymmetry and lower percentages of quasi‐index and transient investors before listing and those with active options trading after listing. After options are listed, the newly listed firms hold more cash and engage in more acquisitions, which are funded mainly by equity issues. These findings suggest that option listing has a significant impact on financing decisions because of lower information asymmetry and that firms use the post‐listing equity to build up financial slack and support major investments, such as acquisitions.
Ontogeny of skeletal ossification in Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) using differential fluorescence staining technique
Authors: Swain Himanshu S. , MN Ambily , Samal Amir K. , Ramteke Mitesh H. , Das Basanta K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study was carried out to study the larval skeletal development in Labeo calbasu by using a modified double skeletal staining technique with Alizarin red and Alcian blue. The larval samples were obtained after induced breeding of wild L. calbasu germplasm from the River Ganga. Samples from 2 to 20 dph (day post hatching) were preserved in 4% neutral phosphate buffered formalin solution. Alizarin red and Alcian blue were used to stain the bony and cartilage parts of the skeleton, respectively. The size of the specimens ranged from 6.6 ± 0.16 to 15.6 ± 1.15 mm. The development of skeleton was observed at very early stages. A straight notochord throughout its length and origin of caudal fin rays were seen on 2 dph. The ventral spines, unbranched caudal fin rays and hypurals at ventral side of notochord were clearly visible from 4 dph. Most of the head skeletal elements and vertebral column with vertebral centrum and neural spines started appearing at 4 dph. The dorsal and caudal fins with branched rays and the opercular and jaw bones started ossifying between 10 and 20 dph. The present study gives an idea about the skeletal development process as well as detects the skeletal abnormalities in Indian major carp, L. calbasu.
Associations of Guillain‐Barré syndrome with coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination: Disproportionality analysis using the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Kim Jee‐Eun , Park Jin , Min Young Gi , Hong Yoon‐Ho , Song Tae‐Jin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractVaccinations against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 which causes COVID‐19 have been administered worldwide. We aimed to investigate associations of COVID‐19 vaccination with the occurrence of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). We explored potential safety signals regarding the development of GBS using disproportionality analyses to compare COVID‐19 vaccination with all adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports and influenza vaccines reported to VigiBase. As of October 15, 2021, a total of 2163 cases (0.13%) of GBS and its variants (including 46 cases of Miller‐Fisher syndrome and 13 cases of Bickerstaff's encephalitis) were identified in entire ADR database after vaccination with the ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 (AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK) or the two messenger RNA‐based COVID‐19 (BNT162b2; Pfizer and BioNTech) or mRNA‐1273; Moderna) vaccines. The median time to onset of GBS after vaccination was around 2 weeks. The ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 and two messenger RNA‐based COVID‐19 vaccines demonstrated a higher risk for GBS against entire database (information component [IC]025 = 1.73 reporting odds ratio [ROR]025 = 3.51; IC025 = 1.07, ROR025 = 2.22, respectively). When compared with influenza vaccines, neither the ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 nor mRNA‐based vaccines were found to be associated with greater risks of GBS (IC025 = −1.84, ROR025 = 0.11; IC025 = −1.86, ROR025 = 0.06, respectively). Although potential safety signals associated with GBS COVID‐19 vaccines have been identified, the risk of GBS from COVID‐19 vaccines were low and did not surpass those of influenza vaccines; however, because of the heterogeneity of the sources of information in the WHO pharmacovigilance database, further epidemiological studies are warranted to confirm these observations.
Development of ribs and intercostal muscles in the chicken embryo
Authors: Khabyuk Julia , Pröls Felicitas , Draga Margarethe , Scaal Martin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the thorax of higher vertebrates, ribs and intercostal muscles play a decisive role in stability and respiratory movements of the body wall. They are derivatives of the somites, the ribs originating in the sclerotome and the intercostal muscles originating in the myotome. During thorax development, ribs and intercostal muscles extend into the lateral plate mesoderm and eventually contact the sternum during ventral closure. Here, we give a detailed description of the morphogenesis of ribs and thoracic muscles in the chicken embryo (Gallus gallus). Using Alcian blue staining as well as Sox9 and Desmin whole‐mount immunohistochemistry, we monitor synchronously the development of rib cartilage and intercostal muscle anlagen. We show that the muscle anlagen precede the rib anlagen during ventrolateral extension, which is in line with the inductive role of the myotome in rib differentiation. Our studies furthermore reveal the temporary formation of a previously unknown eighth rib in the chicken embryonic thorax.
Efficacy of cysteamine and methimazole in treating melasma: A comparative narrative review
Authors: Niazi Sana , Gheisari Mehdi , Moravvej Hamideh , Doroodgar Farideh , Niazi Feizollah 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMelasma is a chronic and acquired pigmentary condition that primarily affects women and undermines patient satisfaction and confidence. Melasma mostly affects females, accounting for 90% of all cases. It affects people of all races, particularly those with skin types IV and V who live in areas with lots of UV radiation. According to the studies, Melasma lesions are seen throughout the face in centrofacial, malar, and mandibular patterns. Melasma lesions on the forehead, cheeks, nose, upper lip, and/or chin are the most prevalent centrofacial pattern. Melasma lesions can also be detected along the periorbital area, especially in Asian people. Melasma is notably resistant to treatment, with many patients experiencing only temporary relief and relapses. Combining therapies that target numerous pathologic components, including photodamage, inflammation, aberrant vascularity, and abnormal pigmentation, generally results in the most dramatic therapeutic improvements. Treatments for dark circles include topical depigmenting medicines like hydroquinone, kojic acid, azelaic acid, and topical retinoic acid, and physical treatments such as chemical peels, surgical adjustments, and laser therapy. The objective of therapy should be to figure out what is causing the hyperpigmentation and what is contributing to it. This article provides an overview of melasma therapies and the efficacy of methimazole and cysteamine for melasma therapy.
Pro‐Inflammatory versus Anti‐Inflammatory cytokines in atopic dermatitis patients: A case control study
Authors: Kiwan Azza Hamada , Mohamed Hassan Abou Khodair , Hashim Osama Abd El‐Azim , Abd‐Elraheem Sabah Ibrahim , Alkhrsawy Amr Mohamed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disorder with significant morbidity and impairment of life quality. Prevalence is increasing around the world; therefore, intensive research is ongoing to understand the mechanisms of development of AD and offer new treatment options for AD patients.AimsTo investigate the association between Inflammatory (IL‐17, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ) versus anti‐Inflammatory Cytokines (IL‐35, TGF‐β) in AD patients.Patients and MethodsA case control study included 40 AD patients and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects. Cases were subjected to full history taking and full dermatological examination. The assessment of disease severity was conducted by using SCORAD score. Assessment of inflammatory (IL‐17, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ) and anti‐Inflammatory Cytokines (IL‐35, TGF‐β) was performed by using ELISA technique.ResultsThe mean level of TNF‐α, IL‐17 was statistically significantly higher in the AD cases as compared with the control group. The mean level of TGF‐β, Il‐35, and IFN‐γ was statistically significantly lower in the Atopic dermatitis cases as compared with the control group. There was statistically significant strong positive correlation between TNF‐α with SCORAD score and IL‐17 while there was statistically significant strong negative correlation between TNF‐α with TGF‐β and IL‐35. There was statistically significant strong positive correlation between IL‐17 with SCORAD score and TNF‐α while there was statistically significant strong negative correlation between IL‐17 with TGF‐β and IL‐35.ConclusionThe current results could be used as a clue for the utilization of inflammatory (IL‐17, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ) versus anti‐inflammatory Cytokines (IL‐35, TGF‐β) in AD as a diagnostic biomarker for severity of cases with Atopic dermatitis. IL‐17 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, and IL‐17 blocker may be used as a potential future treatment of AD.
Expression and role of miR‐146a and SMAD4 in placental tissue of pregnant women with preeclampsia
Authors: Qi Yue , Cui Shihong , Liu Ling , Liu Beibei , Wang Tiantian , Yan Shujun , Tian Haoxin , Huang Xiaobin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo investigate the expression of miR‐146a in severe preeclampsia (PE) and its effect on trophoblast cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis, as well as its relationship with SMAD4.Material and MethodsParticipants were divided into the severe PE group (n = 30) and the normal group (n = 30). The expression of miR‐146a and SMAD4 in placenta tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, qRT‐PCR, and western blot. Trophoblast cell lines HTR‐8/SVneo were cultured to detect the expression of miR‐146a under the Cobalt chloride (CoCl2)‐simulated hypoxia. The effects of miR‐146a transfection on cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and SMAD4 expression were analyzed.ResultsCompared with the normal group, miR‐146a expression was decreased and the protein and mRNA levels of SMAD4 were increased in placenta tissues of the severe PE group. Our in vitro experiments showed that the expression of miR‐146a decreased after CoCl2 treatment. Silencing miR‐146a caused increased expression of SMAD4 and decreased expression of VEGF. After transfection with miR‐146a inhibitor, compared with the NC group, the invasion and proliferation of HTR‐8/Svneo cells were decreased, while the apoptosis was enhanced.ConclusionThe expression of miR‐146a decreased in severe PE and was negatively correlated with SMAD4 expression. The expression of miR‐146a was inhibited under hypoxia, and the low expression of miR‐146a affected the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of trophoblast cells.