bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Streamline Derived Rate Targets Improved Oil Production of Mature Field
Authors: Adamson Scott , Giden Ilhami , Matzka-Pöll Ronald 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The application and implementation of streamline derived rate targets have proven to increase oil production and reduce water cut with minimal investment (Kornberger & Thiele, 2014). The Matzen field, and in particular the 16.TH layer, has significant peripheral water injection as well as a large operating range on the production and injection wells, making it an ideal candidate for streamline based water flood optimization measures.
A multidisciplinary approach was taken to modelling the 16.TH, incorporating and analyzing data including pressures, production & injection volumes as well as individual well operational envelopes. Several uncertainties surrounding the field were also addressed in the modelling approach, for example faults and their transmissibilities. As a result, robust streamline derived rate targets could be defined and implemented across approximately 30% of the active wells in the field (around 60 wells), which significantly improved the production performance.
Following implementation, the performance was continuously monitored, with impressive results. Implementation of the rate targets, resulted in a field wide daily production rate increase of up to 5%, peaking at 26 m3/day (165 boe/day) with an increase of only 140 m3/day on the liquid production and an increase of 160 m3/day water injection, exceptional for a field with an average water cut of 98%.
Despite the positive results, there were several lessons learned that are discussed in the paper and can be applied to future field implementation to improve the performance further.
It has been again proven that implementation of streamline derived rate targets can provide significant value, and through a defined workflow and automatic model updates this value can be realized faster, more reliably and with less manpower, offering an effective method of managing a water flooded asset and maximizing its value.
Seismicity Induced by Cooling of CCS Reservoirs
Authors: Berentsen Cas , de Pater C. Hans 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
CO2 injection into depleted gas fields involves long term cooling of the reservoir. Therefore, even if injection pressure is relatively small, the cooled volume still creates an extensive stress disturbance that can lead to changes in the shear and normal stress on faults. Destabilization of the faults will be especially strong when the cold front reaches a bounding (sealing) fault. Modelling the stress evolution provides an estimate of this effect and its timing.
Induced seismicity due to CO2 injection has been observed in some projects. In the Netherlands, depleted gas reservoirs are used for storage, where faults can be critically stressed due to depletion compaction. Modelling methods of induced seismicity that were developed for gas production and storage can be beneficial for deep CCS projects, where potential leakage of stored fluids along activated faults is the main concern.
Since CO2 injection may induce large thermal fractures, it is important to include thermal fracturing in the analysis of seismic risk since the pressure and temperature field may be influenced by the propagating thermal fractures.
A geomechanical model is used to forecast seismicity risk. Benchmarking the model on the observed data is critical for validating the geomechanical modelling. Even in the absence of observed seismicity, the model can show the maximum slippage area that could occur, so that the extent of enhanced fault transmissibility can be bounded.
Cyclic LN2 Treatment of Coal Samples from Coal Basin in Kazakhstan
Authors: Longinos Sotirios , Wang Lei , Loskutova Anna , Zhang Dichuan , Hazlett Randy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In recent years liquid nitrogen (LN2) fracturing technology has been investigated as a promising stimulating technique in coalbed methane (CBM) development. Using the immersion method, this study experimentally examines and illustrates the efficacy of LN2 cryogenic fracturing for a CBM reservoir in the Karaganda Basin of East Kazakhstan. Coal core plugs were frozen with LN2 under different lab-controlled conditions like the length freezing time (FT) and the number of freezing thawing cycles (FTC). Then these treated core plugs were subjected to uniaxial compressive strength test and SEM analysis for comparisons. The results from SEM analysis showed that the LN2 freezing-thawing process can augment the cryogenic fracture and the fracture interconnectivity. Moreover, uniaxial compressive test indicated that compressive strength is kept decreasing with successively increasing the number of freezing-thawing cycles and the same decreasing trend was observed with freezing time experiments compared with the coal sample without liquid nitrogen case.
Effect of Surface Wettability on the Miscible Behaviors Of Co2-Hydrocarbon in Shale Nanopores
Authors: Feng Dong , Chen Zhangxin , Zhang Zenghua , Li Peihuan , Chen Yu , Wu Keliu , Li Jing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The minimum miscible pressure (Pm) of CO2-hydrocarbon mixtures in nanopores is a key parameter for CO2-enhanced shale oil recovery. Although the miscible behaviors of CO2-hydrocarbon mixtures in nanopores have been widely investigated through the simulations and calculations, the heterogeneity of shale components with different affinity to hydrocarbons results in the deviation of traditional predictions and motivates us to investigate how the surface properties influence the CO2-hydrocarbon miscible behaviors in nanopores. In this work, we established a model and framework to determine the wettability-dependent physical phenomena and its impact on the Pm of CO2-hydrocarbon in shale nanopores. First, a generalized scaling rule is established to clarify the potential correlation between critical properties shift and wettability based on the analysis of microscopic interactions (fluid-surface interactions and fluid-fluid interactions). Second, a wettability-dependent SKR EOS is structured and a generalized and practical framework for confined phase behavior with different surface wettability is constructed. Subsequently, the Pm of CO2-hydrocarbon mixtures in confined space with various wettability is evaluated with our model. The calculated results demonstrate that the nanoconfined effects on Pm not only relate to the pore dimension but also depend on the contact angle. In an intermediate-wet nanopore, the minimum miscible pressure approaches the bulk value. In an oil-wet nanopore with a width smaller than 100nm, the minimum miscible pressure is suppressed by the confined effects, and the reduction is further strengthened with a reduction in pore dimension and increase of wall-hydrocarbon affinity. Our work uses a macroscopically measurable parameter (contact angle) to characterize the shift of critical properties derived from the microscopic interactions, and further construct a generalized and practical framework for phase behavior and minimum miscible pressure determination in nanopores with different surface properties. The method and framework can make a significant contribution in the area of upscaling a molecular or nanoscale understanding to a reservoir scale simulation in shale gas/oil research.
Effectiveness of the Animated Video Method in Vocabulary Learning: A Case Study of Noble Technical Institute in Arbil
Authors: Ridha Shivan Khudhur , Bostancı Hanife Bensen , Kurt Mustafa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This research evaluates the effectiveness of animated videos in vocabulary learning among Noble Technical Institute (NTI) students. Experimental research methodology was used with 40 students as the study subject, and the study subjects were picked randomly. After the pre-test was conducted for all the students, they were grouped into two categories for the treatment regime: those taught with animated video and the rest without animated video. Post-test was conducted after the lesson. The data were analyzed statistically, hence, bivariate, and univariate analyses were conducted. From the pre-test result, the highest score was 89 and the lowest score was 41 from the data of 40 students as a research subject. As for the posttest for those taught without animated video, the highest score was 91, the lowest score was 46, and the mean score was 70 from the data of 20 students as a research respondent / subject. Likewise, those taught with animated video recorded their highest score to be 98, the lowest score was 53 and the mean score was 76 from the data of 20 students as a research subject. The bivariate analysis shows that teaching with animated video (X2 = 0.0005, P-value= 15.675) was significant compared to teaching without animated video. From the questionnaire administered to the student, most of the students agreed that learning with animated video enhances assimilation, makes study more interesting, improve vocabulary learning, makes class interactive and makes learning of English to become faster. There are divergent views regarding learning with animated video being the best form of learning, few of the students agreed while some of the student did not agree to that. Conclusively, the result of this study shows that learning of vocabulary with the aid of animated video is very effective to aid students’ understanding and assimilation.
Comprehensive Analysis of CXCL genes in Human Kidney Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shen Junwen , Wang Rongjiang , Chen Yu , Fang Zhihai , Tang Jianer , Yao Jianxiang , gao jianguo , chen xiaonong , shi xinli 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction: the predictive value for survival outcomes and mechanisms of the CXCL gene family in kidney Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC).Objective: We evaluated the predictive value for survival outcomes and mechanisms of the CXCL gene family in Kidney Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC). Methods: Transcriptional and survival data of CXCL genes in KIRC patients were retrieved from Oncomine and GEPIA databases to assess their functions. Mutations’ data were downloaded from the cBioPortal, while immune cell components data were obtained from TIMER databases. Enrichment analysis was performed using the STRING database. In vitro assays were performed to validate our findings. Results: A total of 8 CXCL (CXCL2/5/9/10/11/12/13/16) genes were found to be differentially expressed in KIRC tissues. Among them, only CXCL2 and CXCL5 had survival values. In vitro assays revealed that upregulated CXCL2 promotes renal cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Additionally, CXCL2 exhibited an effect on three KIRC immune cell components (B cells, CD4 T cells, and Neutrophils). After evaluating the miRNA sequences upstream of CXCL2, it was established that hsa-miR-532-5p/CXCL2 pathways are potentially involved in the regulatory mechanisms. Finally, we established a prospective signature (CXCL1/5/13) for improved survival outcomes among KIRC patients.Conclusion: Among KIRC patients, 8 CXCL genes were differentially expressed, however, only CXCL2 and CXCL5 exhibited a significant survival value. Upregulated CXCL2 promotes renal cancer cell progression.
Outcomes in Cirrhotic Patients Receiving Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) Versus Repeat Paracentesis for Recurrent Ascites
Authors: Fearn Kenneth J. , Mayr Maximilian G. , Walter Carissa , Hunt Suzanne L. , He Jianghua , Wang Yu , Hill Jacqueline , Davis Charles B. , Everett Travis , Everett Trevor , Lemons Steve , Rohr Aaron , Alli Adam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Many cirrhotic patients who cannot undergo liver transplantation are symptomatically treated for recurrent ascites with paracenteses and/or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS). This study aimed to determine if there were reduced time between paracenteses, reduced hospital admissions from bacterial peritonitis, variceal bleeds, and hepatic encephalopathy for cirrhotic patients who did receive TIPS compared to those who did not receive TIPS.Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2016 at a single institution. Demographics, history, labs, paracenteses, TIPS, and hospitalization information were documented. Shared frailty and chi-square tests were used to determine time between paracenteses and hospitalization rates after the placement of TIPS. Results: 344 patients with refractory ascites were included. Cirrhotic etiology included alcohol (45%) and hepatitis C (37%). Ninety-two (27%) received TIPS. Patients averaged 26.2 days between paracentesis pre-TIPS and 51.5 days post-TIPS. The data suggest an association between TIPS and the risk of paracentesis for ascites (Chi-sqr=80.1 p<0.01). A sixty percent reduction in the risk of a paracentesis post-TIPS was observed in our particular sample. Rates of hospitalizations for adverse events were not different between patients with and without TIPS: bacterial peritonitis, variceal bleeding, or hepatic encephalopathy.Conclusion: TIPS placement increased the time between paracentesis without increasing hospital admission rates for bacterial peritonitis, variceal bleeding, or hepatic encephalopathy. This suggests that TIPS placement should be considered earlier in the cirrhotic disease process to improve symptomatic control which decreases the need for frequent paracentesis. Oxford Evidence Based MedicineLevel of Evidence: Level 3b, Retrospective Chart Review.
Deep learning-based algorithms for long-term prediction of chlorophyll-a in catchment streams
Authors: Baek Sangsoo , Abbas Ather , Park Minji , Cho Kyung Hwa 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An accurate estimation of harmful algal blooms is imperative for surface water protection. Site-dependent models have been developed using deep-learning (DL) methods for chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) simulations. These DL models have been developed and evaluated using data from one site and hence are challenging to apply to other sites. Moreover, several factors affecting Chl-a concentration in stream waters were not considered. Herein, we developed and compared the performance of site-independent DL models for Chl-a simulations in the Nakdong River, South Korea. The DL-based models we developed can incorporate irregularly measured water quality observations, static physical features, and climate data measured at constant time steps. Our results indicate that the attention-based explainable DL model exhibited the best performance, with an R2 value of 0.85 at the training site and 0.52 at the test site, and can be used to develop regional water quality models.
How do phosphate and methionine affect distribution and chemical forms of cadmium in valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.)?
Authors: Dalir Neda , Rahimi Masoud , Schulin Rainer 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Controlling the uptake and translocation of heavy metals in medicinal plants is crucial due to its strong impact on the safety and quality of derived medicinal plant products. This study investigated the effects of phosphate and methionine on the distribution and chemical forms of Cd in valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) roots and shoots. Seedlings were grown for two weeks in a Cd-free nutrient solution containing either 400 or 1200 µM phosphate and then exposed for 10 days to 10 µM Cd either in combination with 400 µM or no methionine in the nutrient solution. “Pectate- and protein-bound Cd” and “insoluble Cd phosphates” were the dominant Cd forms in sequential extractions of both, roots and shoots. Phosphate increased the fraction of “insoluble Cd phosphates” in the roots, but not in the shoots. Methionine strongly increased the soluble Cd fractions in roots and shoots. While it also increased the “pectate- and protein-bound Cd fraction” in the shoots, it decreased this fraction and the share of apoplastic Cd in the roots. The results indicate that methionine induced root-to-shoot Cd translocation by mobilizing Cd bound to root cell walls. This could help limit Cd accumulation in valerian roots grown for medicinal use.
Moss-associated nitrogen fixation across scales: from shoot to landscape
Authors: Levinsen Jørgen Ulrik Graudal , Michelsen Anders , Rousk Kathrin 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) performed by moss-associated colonizing cyanobacteria is among the main sources of new nitrogen (N) inputs in pristine subarctic ecosystems. Moisture is the primary driver of BNF in cyanobacteria associated with mosses. Yet, knowledge of BNF and its potential drivers on smaller spatial scales is lacking. To address these knowledge gaps, we measured BNF along vertical layers (segments) representing different depths and age along moss shoots of two dominant species, Pleurozium schreberi and Hylocomium splendens over 6 weeks. Mosses were collected along a steep precipitation gradient in subarctic Northern Sweden, and factors known to affect BNF like contents of iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and molybdenum (Mo), as well as pH were analysed. BNF capacity varied significantly and profoundly along the moss shoots and the precipitation gradient, and was highest in H. splendens and in mosses collected at the high end of the precipitation gradient. Contents of Fe, Mo and N generally increased with segment depth while P concentrations decreased and pH was stable across segments. While differences in BNF along the precipitation gradient were clear and largely explained by the importance of moisture for moss-associated BNF, nutrient content also seemed to affect BNF in mosses, although less pronounced. P. schreberi showed highest BNF in the middle segment, while BNF in H. splendens was highest in the lowest segments. Differences in cyanobacterial communities and different nutrient requirements may explain species specific BNF responses. This should be considered when aiming to upscale BNF to ecosystem level.
Biosynthesis of MnFe2O4@TiO2 magnetic nanocomposite using Oleaster tree bark for efficient photocatalytic degradation of humic acid in aqueous solutions
Authors: Derakhshani Elham , Naghizadeh Ali , Derazkola Sobhan Mortazavi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The presence of humic acid compounds in water resources, as one of the precursors of Trihalomethanes and Holoacetic acids, causes health problems for many communities. The aim of this study was to investigate the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Humic Acid using MnFe2O4@TiO2 nanoparticles produced by green synthesis method. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts and the study of their catalytic performance is a relatively new topic. Many chemical techniques have been proposed for the synthesis of MnFe2O4@TiO2 nanoparticles, but green synthesis has received much attention due to its cheapness, simplicity and non-toxicity. The properties of synthesized nanoparticles were determined by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, EDS and DLS analysis. The results of the study showed that under optimal experimental conditions (pH = 3, nanocomposite dose = 0.03 g/L, humic acid initial concentration = 2 mg/L and contact time = 20 minutes) it is possible to achieve maximum degradation of humic acid. and MnFe2O4@TiO2 nanoparticles have high efficiency for removing humic acid from aqueous solutions under UV light.
Bilirubin is a superior biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and differential diagnosis from benign liver disease
Authors: Lei Yan , Lu Xiaolan , Jiang Yao , Tang Wei , Wang Qiang 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We analyzed the difference in serum level of bilirubin between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and benign liver disease (BLD) patients. We established a novel diagnostic model combining bilirubin, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in diagnosing HCC. When the bilirubin level increased, the positive-predictive value (PPV) of bilirubin in the diagnosis of HCC decreased, while the negative predictive value (NPV) increased. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the novel diagnostic model were 0.935 and 0.862 in the diagnosis of HCC and HCC < 3.0 cm (sensitivity 82.45% and 71.58%, specificity 95.77% and 93.45%), which was significantly higher than PIVKA-II, AFP, or both in the diagnosis of HCC and HCC < 3.0 cm (P < 0.001), and the AUC value of the novel diagnostic model further increased in the diagnosis of HCC and HCC < 3.0 cm with serum level of PIVKA-II ≥ 40 mAU/mL and/or AFP ≥ 20 ng/mL(0.965 vs. 0.935 and 0.910 vs. 0.862 ). In conclusion, bilirubin was a superior biomarker in the diagnosis of HCC. The combination of bilirubin, PIVKA-II, and AFP has superior diagnostic value for HCC and early-stage HCC.
The Impact of Tranexamic Acid on Brain Contusion and Intra-Parenchymal Hemorrhage in Patients with Head Injury
Authors: Fakharian Esmaeil , Kalahroudi Masoumeh Abedzadeh- , Atoof Fatemeh , Nouranipour Voorya , Azadbakht Javid 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are among leading causes of debility and death at a global scale. Current study aims at investigating the possible advantage of administrating Tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients with post-TBI brain contusion and intra-parenchymal hemorrhage (IPH). Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients who had brain contusion/IPH according to their on-admission brain CT scan, referring to Shahid Beheshty Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences in 2018-2021. The patients were randomly allocated to either intervention group (receiving 1g/100ml stat dose of TXA through an antecubital vein access) or control group (receiving placebo via a similar route). TBI severity determined by GCS scoring, and ICH volume and compression effect on admission CT scan, 24 hours, and 72 hours after treatment, and 3-month outcome estimated by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) were assessed.Results: There was no significant difference between patients’ age, gender, TBI etiology (traffic collision or fall from height), and skull fracture between study subgroups. Compression effect (defined as adjacent sulci effacement and cistern obliteration) from ICH, new focus of ICH, brain edema before, and 24/72 hours after TXA administration were not significantly different between intervention and placebo subgroups. The alterations in ICH volume from pre-intervention to 24/72 hours post-intervention were similar between intervention and placebo subgroups (p >0.05). Majority of participants (82.5%) showed a good 3-month neurological outcome according to GOS, but that was not significantly different between study subgroups. One case of death occurred in each subgroup, and both of them died after hospital discharge. Conclusion: TXA neither have preventive effect against in-hospital post-TBI hemorrhage enlargement nor on neurological outcomes 3 month after hospital discharge.Trial registration: This study was registered on the IRCT site under the number IRCT20190422043339N1 Registered 3 December 2021, http://www.irct.ir/trial/39008.