bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatal diving: could it be an immersion pulmonary edema? Case report
Authors: Evain France , Louge Pierre , Pignel Rodrigue , Fracasso Tony , Rouyer Frédéric 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Immersion pulmonary edema is a rare, underrecognized, and potentially lethal pathology developing during scuba diving and other immersion-related activities (swimming or apnoea). Physiopathology is complex and not fully understood, but its mechanisms involve an alteration of the alveolo-capillary barrier caused by transcapillary pressure elevation during immersion, leading to an accumulation of fluid and blood in the alveolar space. Diagnosis remains a challenge for clinicians and forensic practionner. The symptoms begin during ascent, with cough, frothy sputum, and hemoptysis. Auscultation reveals signs of pulmonary edema. Pulmonary CT scan, which is the radiological exam of choice, shows ground glass opacities and interlobular thickening, eventually demonstrating a patterned distribution, likely in the anterior segments of both lungs. Apart from the support of vital functions, there is no specific treatment and hyperbaric oxygen therapy is not systematically recommended. We present a case of fatal IPE occurring in a recreational diver who unfortunately died shortly after his last dive. Diagnosis was made after complete forensic investigations including post-mortem-computed tomography, complete forensic autopsy, histological examination, and toxicological analysis.
Impact on daily mobility and risk of falling in bilateral vestibulopathy
Authors: Wuehr M. , Decker J. , Schenkel F. , Jahn K. , Schniepp R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective
To study the behavioral relevance of postural and ocular-motor deficits on daily activity and risk of falling in patients with bilateral vestibular hypofunction (BVH).

Methods
Thirty patients with BVH and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls participated in a continuous 2-week assessment of daily activities and mobility using a body-worn inertial sensor and a 6-month prospective fall risk assessment. At inclusion, patients and controls further underwent a multi-modal clinical, score- and instrument-based assessment of general health and balance status. We analyzed the relationship between clinical, lab-, and sensor-based measures and their validity to identify those patients at a risk of general, frequent, and severe falling.

Results
Patients exhibited impairments in daily activity in particular in terms of reduced ambulatory activity (p = 0.009). 43% of patients experienced falls (13% in controls, p = 0.008) and 70% of these patients reported recurrent falling (0% in controls, p = 0.001) during prospective assessment. Severe fall-related injuries that would require medical attention neither occurred in patients nor in controls. Classificatory models based on multi-modal clinical, lab-, and sensor-based measures of balance and mobility identified patients who fell with an accuracy of 93% and patients who recurrently fell with an accuracy of 89%.

Conclusion
BVH is linked to particular impairments of patients’ daily activities which in turn are related to patients’ fall risk. Hence, off-laboratory measures of daily mobility may supplement standard clinical assessment in BVH to more adequately capture the burden of disease and to reliably identify those patients at a specific risk of falling.
The repetition of errors in recall: a review of four ‘fragmentation’ experiments
Authors: Laming Donald 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis review reanalyses the data from four experiments originally designed to test the fragmentation hypothesis. Participants were asked to recall triple or quadruple associates, cued by each of their components in turn, and to guess if they could not remember. There were many errors in recall and many of those errors were repetitions of previous errors. This reanalysis focuses, not on the fragmentation hypothesis, but on the repetition of errors. It works backwards through sequences of test trials to discover the best prior match to the responses on each trial. It reports frequencies of different categories of repetition, conditional probabilities of repetition, correct recalls, and the probability of repetition in relation to the lag between trial and match in the test sequence. These results may be summarised as (1) every event (a stimulus or a response or just a retrieval) to which the participant attends is separately recorded in memory, creating an ordered record of those events that have engaged the participant’s attention; (2) the compilation of the record is automatic; while attention to a stimulus is at the participant’s disposal, the consequent entry into memory is not, and (3) the retrieval of a potential response from memory is spontaneous; that retrieval becomes an overt response if it is compatible with the cue. This makes sense of a number of historic anomalies in the study of recall and informs some contemporary problems in the study of short-term memory.
Structural connectivity in ventral language pathways characterizes non-verbal autism
Authors: Olivé Guillem , Slušná Dominika , Vaquero Lucía , Muchart-López Jordi , Rodríguez-Fornells Antoni , Hinzen Wolfram 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLanguage capacities in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) range from normal scores on standardized language tests to absence of functional language in a substantial minority of 30% of individuals with ASD. Due to practical difficulties of scanning at this severe end of the spectrum, insights from MRI are scarce. Here we used manual deterministic tractography to investigate, for the first time, the integrity of the core white matter tracts defining the language connectivity network in non-verbal ASD (nvASD): the three segments of the arcuate (AF), the inferior fronto-occipital (IFOF), the inferior longitudinal (ILF) and the uncinate (UF) fasciculi, and the frontal aslant tract (FAT). A multiple case series of nine individuals with nvASD were compared to matched individuals with verbal ASD (vASD) and typical development (TD). Bonferroni-corrected repeated measure ANOVAs were performed separately for each tract—Hemisphere (2:Left/Right) × Group (3:TD/vASD/nvASD). Main results revealed (i) a main effect of group consisting in a reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the IFOF in nvASD relative to TD; (ii) a main effect of group revealing lower values of radial diffusivity (RD) in the long segment of the AF in nvASD compared to vASD group; and (iii) a reduced volume in the left hemisphere of the UF when compared to the right, in the vASD group only. These results do not replicate volumetric differences of the dorsal language route previously observed in nvASD, and instead point to a disruption of the ventral language pathway, in line with semantic deficits observed behaviourally in this group.
Chronischer Schmerz als existenzielle Herausforderung
Authors: Kieselbach Kristin , Koesling Dominik , Wabel Thomas , Frede Ursula , Bozzaro Claudia 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungDas biopsychosoziale Schmerzkonzept stellt gegenwärtig den Schwerpunkt schmerztherapeutischer Behandlungsprogramme dar. Jedoch kann damit die Komplexität chronischer Schmerzen, insbesondere ihre Bedeutung für die Betroffenen, nur unzureichend erfasst werden. Denn ein Kernaspekt des Phänomens chronischer Schmerz wird bislang nur in Einzelfällen berücksichtigt: sein existenzieller Charakter. Chronische Schmerzen können das Selbst- und Weltverständnis, die Lebenswünsche und -ziele, letztlich die gesamte Integrität der Betroffenen bedrohen. Selbstaussagen Erkrankter zeigen, dass chronischer Schmerz immer ein existenzielles Widerfahrnis darstellt und den Menschen in seiner Gesamtheit erfasst. Dies wird durch zwei Aspekte deutlich: zum einen durch die existenzielle Verzweiflung am Schmerz, zum anderen durch Fragen der Sinngebung und Neuorientierung. Allerdings berücksichtigen gängige Therapiekonzepte den existenziellen Charakter mit derartigen Herausforderungen bislang nicht adäquat. Chronischer Schmerz sollte daher stets unter einer umfassenden Perspektive wahrgenommen und behandelt werden. Hierbei sind die Aspekte Einzigartigkeit anerkennen, zum Ausdruck verhelfen und dem Er-leben Raum geben zur Unterstützung Erkrankter in ihrer Auseinandersetzung mit dem Schmerz besonders zu berücksichtigen.
Effectiveness of laminectomy with fusion and laminectomy alone in degenerative cervical myelopathy
Authors: Revesz David Fröjd , Charalampidis Anastasios , Gerdhem Paul 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The effectiveness of laminectomy with fusion and laminectomy alone in degenerative cervical myelopathy was compared.

Methods
Individuals treated with laminectomy with fusion or laminectomy alone at or below the second cervical vertebra were identified in the Swedish spine registry. 66 individuals treated with laminectomy and instrumented fusion were age matched to 132 individuals treated with laminectomy alone. The European Myelopathy Scale (EMS), the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for neck pain and the EQ-5D index were available at baseline, and at 1 and 2 year follow-ups. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann–Whitney U tests and paired T tests. Effect sizes were described with Cohen’s D.

Results
Data at baseline did not differ significantly between the groups with the exception of a longer laminectomy in the fusion group (4.2 vs 3.4 vertebras; p < 0.001). Both groups improved EMS, NDI, NRS and EQ-5D from baseline to 1 year (p ≤ 0.011), with no additional improvement between 1 and 2 years (all p ≥ 0.09). Effect sizes for change from baseline were small to medium in both groups. At 2 years the laminectomy with fusion group and the laminectomy alone group had a median (25th;75th percentile) EMS of 13 (11;13) and 13 (11;15) (p = 0.77), NDI of 39 (24;54) and 27 (10;41) (p = 0.045), NRS of 4 (1;2) and 2 (0;5) (p = 0.048), and EQ-5D index of 0.67 (0.25;0.73) and 0.66 (0.17;0.76) (p = 0.96).

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest similar effectiveness of laminectomy with instrumented fusion and laminectomy alone in degenerative cervical myelopathy.

Level of evidence
III.
Effect of Er:YAG laser irrigation with different etching modes on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to the root dentine
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Li Yingmei , Meng Qingfei , Meng Jian , Mei May Lei 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser irrigation on the push-out bond strength of fiber posts to the root dentine. Sixty extracted human mandibular first premolars were collected and decoronated. The residual roots received endodontic treatment. The treated roots were randomly divided into three groups according to different irrigation protocols: group LAI (Er:YAG laser–activated irrigation), group PUI (passive ultrasonic irrigation, positive control), and group CSI (conventional syringe irrigation, negative control) (n = 20). Each group was divided into two subgroups, either total-etching modes or self-etching modes (n = 10). After fiber post restoration, all roots were sectioned into seven 1.0-mm-thick slices. The slices received a push-out test by a universal test machine. The resin tag on the segments’ bonding interfaces was observed by scanning electron microscope. There were significant differences in the effects of the irrigation method, bonding modes, and root regions on the push-out bond strength among the groups (p < 0.05). The specimens with Er:YAG laser–activated irrigation and self-etching mode showed significantly the highest bonding strength (p < 0.001). The lengths and densities of resin tags in group PUI or group LAI with self-etching modes were longer than those in group CSI with total-etching modes. The laser-activated irrigation with self-etching modes improved the bond strength of fiber post to root dentine compared to the passive ultrasonic irrigation or conventional syringe irrigation with total or self-etching modes.
Typologies of European farmers: approaches, methods and research gaps
Authors: Bartkowski Bartosz , Schüßler Charlotte , Müller Birgit 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Understanding farmers’ behaviour and their different responses to environmental change, institutional change and policy interventions is important to facilitate the understanding of the drivers of environmental degradation. Identification of behavioural types can be very useful in informing the design of targeted instruments to support transformation towards sustainable agriculture and facilitating the transferability of findings between contexts, while also pointing out limits to the generalization of behavioural patterns detected in individual studies. However, typologies of European farmers are quite scattered geographically, among contexts and disciplines. Here, we present results from a literature review of empirically derived European farmer typologies from 36 academic studies. We investigate the underlying methodologies for determining the types, the purposes of developing typologies and whether there are recurring farmer types across contexts and locations. Our results show that (i) the field is quite diverse in terms of purposes, methods and variables used to develop typologies; (ii) there is surprisingly little awareness of the broader literature; (iii) while there are recurring types, they are still diverse and difficult to compare across studies. We recommend a stronger embedding of new typologies in the existing literature and improvements in the transparency of reporting of methods and data to increase the potential for comparison, transferability and generalizability of findings. Also, we derive implications for future research and for policy, e.g. regarding the trade-off between the specificity of types and complexity-related transaction costs (due to tailoring them to different farmer types) and legitimacy issues.
Co-developing the IPCC frequently asked questions as an effective science communication tool
Authors: Connors Sarah L. , Nicolai Maike , Berger Sophie , Pidcock Rosalind , Walsh Melissa , Hawtin Nigel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn its Sixth Assessment Report Cycle (AR6), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) aims to strengthen the communication of its products. As the only mandatory part of IPCC reports specifically targeting a lay audience, the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) provide an opportunity for broader communication of key IPCC topics. AR6 has released three Special Reports that include FAQs, varying in number and structure, as well as the approach taken to develop them. Using these Special Report FAQs, in this essay, we take stock of current efforts to co-develop IPCC FAQs and provide recommendations to strengthen the impact of these highly useful yet currently under-utilised resources. Building on evidence from a user survey, text analysis and social media statistics, we find that bringing together IPCC authors and communication specialists to jointly develop the text and graphics increases the accessibility and usefulness of the FAQs. Efforts made for informative visuals additionally increase their impact on social media. To maximise the potential and impact of the IPCC FAQs, we recommend involving communication experts from the beginning of the drafting process to share responsibility, which requires sufficient resources to be allocated to the FAQs. We also suggest developing common FAQ guidelines across Working Groups so future assessment reports can ensure all FAQs are an effective and useful tool for IPCC communication.We also hope that other scientific institutions and projects that wish to summarise scientific content for diverse audiences can benefit from our lessons learned.
On the linearity and classification of $${\mathbb {Z}}_{p^s}$$-linear generalized hadamard codes
Authors: Bhunia Dipak K. , Fernández-Córdoba Cristina , Villanueva Mercè 
Published: March 2022

Abstract$${\mathbb {Z}}_{p^s}$$

Z

p
s

-additive codes of length n are subgroups of $${\mathbb {Z}}_{p^s}^n$$

Z

p
s

n

, and can be seen as a generalization of linear codes over $${\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

Z
2

, $${\mathbb {Z}}_4$$

Z
4

, or $${\mathbb {Z}}_{2^s}$$

Z

2
s

in general. A $${\mathbb {Z}}_{p^s}$$

Z

p
s

-linear generalized Hadamard (GH) code is a GH code over $${\mathbb {Z}}_p$$

Z
p

which is the image of a $${\mathbb {Z}}_{p^s}$$

Z

p
s

-additive code by a generalized Gray map. In this paper, we generalize some known results for $${\mathbb {Z}}_{p^s}$$

Z

p
s

-linear GH codes with $$p=2$$

p
=
2

to any odd prime p. First, we show some results related to the generalized Carlet’s Gray map. Then, by using an iterative construction of $${\mathbb {Z}}_{p^s}$$

Z

p
s

-additive GH codes of type $$(n;t_1,\ldots , t_s)$$

(
n
;

t
1

,
…
,

t
s

)

, we show for which types the corresponding $${\mathbb {Z}}_{p^s}$$

Z

p
s

-linear GH codes of length $$p^t$$

p
t

are nonlinear over $${\mathbb {Z}}_p$$

Z
p

. For these codes, we compute the kernel and its dimension, which allow us to give a partial classification. The obtained results for $$p\ge 3$$

p
≥
3

are different from the case with $$p=2$$

p
=
2

. Finally, the exact number of non-equivalent such codes is given for an infinite number of values of s, t, and any $$p\ge 2$$

p
≥
2

; by using also the rank as an invariant in some specific cases.
A Study of Technological Intentionality in C++ and Generative Adversarial Model: Phenomenological and Postphenomenological Perspectives
Authors: Mykhailov Dmytro , Liberati Nicola 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper aims to highlight the life of computer technologies to understand what kind of ‘technological intentionality’ is present in computers based upon the phenomenological elements constituting the objects in general. Such a study can better explain the effects of new digital technologies on our society and highlight the role of digital technologies by focusing on their activities. Even if Husserlian phenomenology rarely talks about technologies, some of its aspects can be used to address the actions performed by the digital technologies by focusing on the objects’ inner ‘life’ thanks to the analysis of passive synthesis and phenomenological horizons in the objects. These elements can be used in computer technologies to show how digital objects are ‘alive.’ This paper focuses on programs developed through high-order languages like C++ and unsupervised learning techniques like ‘Generative Adversarial Model.’ The phenomenological analysis reveals the computer’s autonomy within the programming stages. At the same time, the conceptual inquiry into the digital system’s learning ability shows the alive and changeable nature of the technological object itself.
The use of mussel-inspired polydopamine interlayer for high-efficiency surface functionalization of PET fabrics
Authors: Telli Abdurrahman , Taş Mahmut 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe surface modifications of polymer materials are carried out to improve surface properties, add new functionalities and thus enlarge their application areas. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a commonly used textile fabric to achieve functional properties via surface modification techniques. However, its inert and non-reactive nature necessitates an activation process before the surface modification to create functional surfaces. Plasma treatment and chemical methods are commonly used for this aim. However, these techniques can easily damage the surface of the PET fabric and result in decreased mechanical properties. In this study, we proposed a new method to activate the surface of PET using polydopamine (PDA) interlayer, known as substrate-independent coating material, to form a better and more homogenous polyaniline (PAni) coating via an in-situ polymerization technique. The surface appearance of the samples was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, and the distribution of elements was analyzed using an energy-dispersive (EDS) detector. Thermal properties of the samples were explored using thermogravimetric analyses and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to compare the chemical structures of the coated and uncoated samples. It was found that the PDA interlayer between PAni and PET significantly reduced the sheet resistance by providing more homogenous and chemically stable PAni coatings. Moreover, the effect of the PDA and PAni coating on the optical properties was investigated, and it was found that the PDA + PAni coated fabric exhibited a maximum of 10% reflectance in the range of 400 and 700 nm while uncoated fabric showed over 90%.
Evaluating models of consent in changing health research environments
Authors: Wiertz Svenja , Boldt Joachim 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWhile Specific Informed Consent has been the established standard for obtaining consent for medical research for many years, it does not appear suitable for large-scale biobank and health data research. Thus, alternative forms of consent have been suggested, based on a variety of ethical background assumptions. This article identifies five main ethical perspectives at stake. Even though Tiered Consent, Dynamic Consent and Meta Consent are designed to the demands of the self-determination perspective as well as the perspective of research as a public good, they are still also criticized from both perspectives. In addition, criticisms based on concerns of justice, participation and democratic deliberation, and relational concerns have been levelled at each of the models. As all of these perspectives have valid points to make, the task at hand lies in balancing these ethical perspectives. What constitutes an adequate balancing depends on contextual factors. These factors include digital infrastructure and digital literacy, data safety regulation, good scientific and clinical practice, transparent debates on ethically relevant features of research, social inequalities, anti-discrimination laws and practices, trust in health care institutions and recognition of patient preferences, and consensus on unethical research. We argue that the role of context in determining acceptable models of consent puts the ethical importance of models of consent into perspective. Since altering contextual factors can help to live up to the ethical concerns at stake in debates about models of consent, opting for such a shift of focus comes without ethical loss.