bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molten Salt‐Assisted Synthesis of Co/N‐Doped Carbon Hybrids for Aqueous‐Phase Aerobic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Kumar Reeti , Zhu Zhi , Chen Changzhou , Cai Wenfei , Woon‐Chung Wong Jonathan , Zhao Jun 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA resource‐efficient and facile method of synthesizing 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from biomass‐derived platform chemical 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was explored using cobalt and nitrogen‐doped carbon catalysts (Co/N−C). A molten salts‐assisted method proved to be effective in improving the surface area of the catalysts as well as uniformity and dispersibility of the Co species. Detailed investigation of different combinations of precursors revealed that the formation of Co−Nx species was imperative for high FDCA selectivity, and the nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix enhanced the catalytic activity by providing good electron mobility. A significant observation was made regarding the change in reaction mechanism with the heating rate of Co/N−C. High HMF conversion of 99 % with 68 % FDCA yield was achieved at 120 °C in water at 24 h. This study shows an eco‐friendly and cost‐effective method of FDCA production with high yield that overcomes the use of precious metal‐based catalysts, organic solvents, and severe reaction conditions.
Chemically Bonded Plasmonic Triazole‐Functionalized Au/Zeolitic Imidazole Framework (ZIF‐67) for Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Becerra Jorge , Nguyen Duc‐Trung , Nair Gopalakrishnan Vishnu , Do Trong‐On 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe design of functionalized metallic nanoparticles is considered an emerging technique to ensure the interaction between metal and semiconductor material. In the literature, this interface interaction is mainly governed by electrostatic or van der Waals forces, limiting the injection of electrons under light irradiation. To enhance the transfer of electrons between two compounds, close contact or chemical bonding at the interface is required. Herein, a new approach was reported for the synthesis of chemically bonded plasmonic Au NPs/ZIF‐67 nanocomposites. The structure of ZIF‐67 was grown on the surface of functionalized plasmonic Au NPs using 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol as the capping agent, which acted as both stabilizer of Au nanoparticles and a molecular linker for ZIF‐67 formation. As a result, the synthesized material exhibited outstanding photocatalytic CO2 reduction with a methanol production rate of 2.70 mmol h−1 g−1cat under sunlight irradiation. This work emphasizes that the diligent use of capping agents, with suitable functional groups, could facilitate the formation of intimate heterostructure for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Influence of vegetation structure, seasonality, and soil properties on rodent diversity and community assemblages in west Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Thomas Suzana M. , Soka Geofrey E. , Mulungu Loth S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRodent diversity and community assemblages are affected by several biotic and abiotic factors such as vegetation structure and seasonality. Vegetation structure particularly ground cover influences rodent diversity and community assemblages through provision of food resources and protection from predators. Such information is important for understanding species–habitat relationships for management and conservation. This study was conducted to determine the influence of vegetation structure, seasonality, and soil properties on species richness, abundance, community assemblages, and habitat association of rodents in west Mt Kilimanjaro. Rodent trapping was conducted using removal and capture–mark–recapture (CMR) methods with medium‐sized Sherman's live traps, snap, and Havarhart traps. Rodents were trapped during wet and dry seasons for three consecutive nights at 4 weeks intervals from April 2020 to March 2021. Environmental variables including vegetation structure, soil physical properties, and disturbance levels were recorded for each habitat type. Fourteen species of rodents were trapped in 25,956 trap nights. Rhabdomys pumilio, Praomys delectorum, and Lophuromys verhageni were the most dominant species across all habitats and seasons. L.verhageni occurred in all habitats while R.pumilio was restricted from occurring in montane forests. Moreover, species richness and abundance were influenced by habitat types, seasonality, soil type, and ground cover. Generally, both species richness and abundance were higher in fallows and montane forests and significantly lower in plantation forest and agricultural fields. In addition, rodent diversity was highest in fallows, followed by montane forests, and lowest in agricultural fields. Furthermore, rodents were associated with habitat types and vegetation structure forming two major community assemblages that significantly differed between habitats. Our study conclude that, community assemblages of rodents on Mt. Kilimanjaro were affected by functional spatial heterogeneity of the habitats occupied. Therefore, use of different habitats by rodents may be indicative of the landscape integrity and ecosystem changes based on species assemblages.
Hindcast‐validated species distribution models reveal future vulnerabilities of mangroves and salt marsh species
Authors: Hodel Richard G. J. , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRapid climate change is threatening biodiversity via habitat loss, range shifts, increases in invasive species, novel species interactions, and other unforeseen changes. Coastal and estuarine species are especially vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to sea level rise and may be severely impacted in the next several decades. Species distribution modeling can project the potential future distributions of species under scenarios of climate change using bioclimatic data and georeferenced occurrence data. However, models projecting suitable habitat into the future are impossible to ground truth. One solution is to develop species distribution models for the present and project them to periods in the recent past where distributions are known to test model performance before making projections into the future. Here, we develop models using abiotic environmental variables to quantify the current suitable habitat available to eight Neotropical coastal species: four mangrove species and four salt marsh species. Using a novel model validation approach that leverages newly available monthly climatic data from 1960 to 2018, we project these niche models into two time periods in the recent past (i.e., within the past half century) when either mangrove or salt marsh dominance was documented via other data sources. Models were hindcast‐validated and then used to project the suitable habitat of all species at four time periods in the future under a model of climate change. For all future time periods, the projected suitable habitat of mangrove species decreased, and suitable habitat declined more severely in salt marsh species.
The contribution of understory and Compositae species to canopy storage capacity of semiarid grassland communities on the Loess Plateau
Authors: Luo Yang , Zhou Junjie , Jian Chunxia , Chen Yang , Wang Shaoyan , Jin Yuan , Xu Peidan , Lei Siyue , Xiong Peifeng , Xu Bingcheng 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCanopy rainfall interception reduces the effectiveness of limited rainfall resources in arid and semiarid regions. To clarify the effects of species composition and community vertical structure on canopy storage capacity, the artificial wetting and simulated rainfall methods were used to determine the species (C) and community (Cmax) water storage, respectively, in three typical grassland communities on the semiarid Loess Plateau. Results indicated that water storage capacity of 31 grassland species ranged from 0.47 to 3.73 g g−1, with an average of 1.60 g g−1, and leaf storage capacity was significantly higher than the stem. Plant storage capacity was correlated with leaf traits (including leaf fresh weight, length and area). Canopy storage capacity of three grassland communities (Bothriochloa ischaemum, Artemisia gmelinii and Lespedeza davurica) ranged from 0.77 to 1.09 mm and were positively correlated with community leaf area index (LAI), coverage and leaf dry biomass. Leaf and stem water storage accounted for 57.6% and 42.4% of the total community, respectively. The water storage of Compositae, Gramineae, Leguminosae and other species accounted for 35.5%, 27.0%, 23.4% and 14.1%, respectively. The plants in the community with heights of >40, 20–40 and 0–20 cm contributed 5.8%, 30.3% and 63.9% of the water storage, respectively. The field observed canopy storage capacity was significantly higher than the estimated value through scaling up the individual storage data to the community, revealing complex community structure and species composition may increase actual rainfall interception. These results highlighted the species at 0–20 cm height was the key component affecting canopy water storage, and Compositae species may intercept more rainfall within the community, which imply that reducing the understory or Compositae species composition of grassland community would be helpful for increasing limited rainfall partitioning to soil in the drought area.
Ammonium Ferrate‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of CO2 to Aziridines for the Synthesis of 1,3‐Oxazolidin‐2‐ones
Authors: Panza Nicola , Alberti Matteo , Galiè Simone , Damiano Caterina , Cargnoni Fausto , Italo Trioni Mario , Caselli Alessandro 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSimple ammonium ferrates are competent catalysts for the CO2 coupling with aziridines to yield 5‐substituted 1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐ones. Good yields with remarkable selectivity are obtained under mild reaction conditions, room temperature, and atmospheric CO2 pressure, especially for non‐hindered N‐alkyl, N‐benzyl and N‐allyl aziridines, without the need of any co‐catalyst. To shed light on the reaction mechanism, an extensive set of theoretical calculations has been carried out. A viable reaction mechanism involving just one ferrate molecule and where the rate determining step is the 1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐one ring closure has been found, and the corresponding barrier is compatible with the experimental conditions tested in this study.
Defining the pig microglial transcriptome reveals its core signature, regional heterogeneity, and similarity with human and rodent microglia
Authors: Shih Barbara B. , Brown Sarah M. , Barrington Jack , Lefevre Lucas , Mabbott Neil A. , Priller Josef , Thompson Gerard , Lawrence Alistair B. , McColl Barry W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMicroglia play key roles in brain homeostasis as well as responses to neurodegeneration and neuroinflammatory processes caused by physical disease and psychosocial stress. The pig is a physiologically relevant model species for studying human neurological disorders, many of which are associated with microglial dysfunction. Furthermore, pigs are an important agricultural species, and there is a need to understand how microglial function affects their welfare. As a basis for improved understanding to enhance biomedical and agricultural research, we sought to characterize pig microglial identity at genome‐wide scale and conduct inter‐species comparisons. We isolated pig hippocampal tissue and microglia from frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, as well as alveolar macrophages from the lungs and conducted RNA‐sequencing (RNAseq). By comparing the transcriptomic profiles between microglia, macrophages, and hippocampal tissue, we derived a set of 239 highly enriched genes defining the porcine core microglial signature. We found brain regional heterogeneity based on 150 genes showing significant (adjusted p < 0.01) regional variations and that cerebellar microglia were most distinct. We compared normalized gene expression for microglia from human, mice and pigs using microglia signature gene lists derived from each species and demonstrated that a core microglial marker gene signature is conserved across species, but that species‐specific expression subsets also exist. Our data provide a valuable resource defining the pig microglial transcriptome signature that validates and highlights pigs as a useful large animal species bridging between rodents and humans in which to study the role of microglia during homeostasis and disease.
The neural correlates of retrieval and procedural strategies in mental arithmetic: A functional neuroimaging meta‐analysis
Authors: Sokolowski H. Moriah , Hawes Zachary , Ansari Daniel 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMental arithmetic is a complex skill of great importance for later academic and life success. Many neuroimaging studies and several meta‐analyses have aimed to identify the neural correlates of mental arithmetic. Previous meta‐analyses of arithmetic grouped all problem types into a single meta‐analytic map, despite evidence suggesting that different types of arithmetic problems are solved using different strategies. We used activation likelihood estimation (ALE) to conduct quantitative meta‐analyses of mental arithmetic neuroimaging (n = 31) studies, and subsequently grouped contrasts from the 31 studies into problems that are typically solved using retrieval strategies (retrieval problems) (n = 18) and problems that are typically solved using procedural strategies (procedural problems) (n = 19). Foci were compiled to generate probabilistic maps of activation for mental arithmetic (i.e., all problem types), retrieval problems, and procedural problems. Conjunction and contrast analyses were conducted to examine overlapping and distinct activation for retrieval and procedural problems. The conjunction analysis revealed overlapping activation for retrieval and procedural problems in the bilateral inferior parietal lobules, regions typically associated with magnitude processing. Contrast analyses revealed specific activation in the left angular gyrus for retrieval problems and specific activation in the inferior frontal gyrus and cingulate gyrus for procedural problems. These findings indicate that the neural bases of arithmetic systematically differs according to problem type, providing new insights into the dynamic and task‐dependent neural underpinnings of the calculating brain.
Melanoma differentiation associated gene‐9/syndecan binding protein promotes hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Manna Debashri , Reghupaty Saranya Chidambaranathan , Camarena Maria Del Carmen , Mendoza Rachel G. , Subler Mark A. , Koblinski Jennifer E. , Martin Rebecca , Dozmorov Mikhail G. , Mukhopadhyay Nitai D. , Liu Jinze , Qu Xufeng , Das Swadesh K. , Lai Zhao , Windle Jolene J. , Fisher Paul B. , Sarkar Devanand 
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims:
The oncogene Melanoma differentiation associated gene‐9/syndecan binding protein (MDA‐9/SDCBP) is overexpressed in many cancers, promoting aggressive, metastatic disease. However, the role of MDA‐9 in regulating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well studied.

Approach and Results:
To unravel the function of MDA‐9 in HCC, we generated and characterized a transgenic mouse with hepatocyte‐specific overexpression of MDA‐9 (Alb/MDA‐9). Compared with wild‐type (WT) littermates, Alb/MDA‐9 mice demonstrated significantly higher incidence of N‐nitrosodiethylamine/phenobarbital‐induced HCC, with marked activation and infiltration of macrophages. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) in naive WT and Alb/MDA‐9 hepatocytes identified activation of signaling pathways associated with invasion, angiogenesis, and inflammation, especially NF‐κB and integrin‐linked kinase signaling pathways. In nonparenchymal cells purified from naive livers, single‐cell RNA‐seq showed activation of Kupffer cells and macrophages in Alb/MDA‐9 mice versus WT mice. A robust increase in the expression of Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1/osteopontin) was observed upon overexpression of MDA‐9. Inhibition of NF‐κB pathway blocked MDA‐9–induced Spp1 induction, and knock down of Spp1 resulted in inhibition of MDA‐9–induced macrophage migration, as well as angiogenesis.

Conclusions:
Alb/MDA‐9 is a mouse model with MDA‐9 overexpression in any tissue type. Our findings unravel an HCC‐promoting role of MDA‐9 mediated by NF‐κB and Spp1 and support the rationale of using MDA‐9 inhibitors as a potential treatment for aggressive HCC.
Serum IgG N‐glycans enable early detection and early relapse prediction of colorectal cancer
Authors: Gu Yong , Duan Bensong , Sha Jichen , Zhang Rongrong , Fan Jiteng , Xu Xiaoyan , Zhao Huijuan , Niu Xiaoyun , Geng Zhi , Gu Jianxin , Huang Ben , Ren Shifang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) develops mainly from colorectal advanced adenomas (AA), which are considered precancerous lesions. Novel early diagnostic biomarkers are urgently needed to distinguish CRC and AA from healthy control (HC). Alternative glycosylation of serum IgG has been shown to be closely associated with CRC. We aimed to explore the potential of IgG N‐glycan as biomarkers in the early differential diagnosis of CRC. The study population was strictly matched to the exclusion criteria process. Serum IgG N‐glycan profiles were analyzed by a robust and reliable relative quantitative method based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Relative quantification and classification performance of IgG N‐glycans were evaluated by Mann‐Whitney U tests and ROC curve based on directly detected and derived glycan traits, respectively. Six and 14 directly detected glycan traits were significantly changed in AA and CRC, respectively, compared with HC. GP1 and GP3 were able to accurately distinguish AA from HC for early precancerous lesions screening. GP4 and GP14 provided a high value in discriminating CRC from HC. A novel combined index named GlycoF, including GP1, GP3, GP4, GP14 and CEA was developed to provide a potential early diagnostic biomarker in discriminating simultaneously AA (AUC = 0.847) and CRC (AUC = 0.844) from HC. GlycoF also demonstrated a superior CRC detection rate across CRC all stages and conspicuous prediction ability of risk of relapse. Serum IgG N‐glycans analysis provided powerful early screening biomarkers that can efficiently differentiate CRC and AA from HC.
Expanding role of ribosome‐inactivating proteins: From toxins to therapeutics
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Gupta Shelly , Sharma Neeta Raj , Paul Karan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRibosome‐inactivating proteins (RIPs) are toxic proteins with N‐glycosidase activity. RIPs exert their action by removing a specific purine from 28S rRNA, thereby, irreversibly inhibiting the process of protein synthesis. RIPs can target both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In bacteria, the production of RIPs aid in the process of pathogenesis whereas, in plants, the production of these toxins has been attributed to bolster defense against insects, viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens. In recent years, RIPs have been engineered to target a particular cell type, this has fueled various experiments testing the potential role of RIPs in many biomedical applications like anti‐viral and anti‐tumor therapies in animals as well as anti‐pest agents in engineered plants. In this review, we present a comprehensive study of various RIPs, their mode of action, their significance in various fields involving plants and animals. Their potential as treatment options for plant infections and animal diseases is also discussed.
Conditional Deletion of HIF-2α in Mouse Nucleus Pulposus Reduces Fibrosis and Provides Mild and Transient Protection From Age-Dependent Structural Changes in Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Johnston Shira N , Madhu Vedavathi , Shapiro Irving M , Risbud Makarand V 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are critical to the development and homeostasis of hypoxic tissues. Although HIF-2α, one of the main HIF-α isoforms, is expressed in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, its functions remain unknown. We deleted HIF-2α in the NP tissue using a notochord-specific FoxA2Cre allele to study HIF-2α function in the adult intervertebral disc. Unlike observations in HIF-1αcKO mice, fate mapping studies using Rosa26-mTmG reporter showed that HIF-2α loss in NP did not negatively impact cell survival or affect compartment development. Rather, loss of HIF-2α resulted in slightly better attributes of NP morphology in 14-month-old HIF-2αcKO mice as evident from lower scores of degeneration. These 14-month-old HIF-2αcKO mice also exhibited significant reduction in NP tissue fibrosis and lower collagen turnover in the annulus fibrosis (AF) compartment. Imaging-Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) analyses showed decreased collagen and protein content in the NP and maintained chondroitin sulfate levels in 14-month-old HIF-2αcKO. Mechanistically, global transcriptomic analysis showed enrichment of differentially expressed genes with Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to metabolic processes and cell development, molecular functions concerned with histone and protein binding, and associated pathways, including oxidative stress. Noteworthy, these morphological differences were not apparent in 24-month-old HIF-2αcKO, indicating that aging is the dominant factor in governing disc health. Together these data suggest that loss of HIF-2α in the NP compartment is not detrimental to the intervertebral disc development but rather mitigates NP tissue fibrosis and offers mild but transient protection from age-dependent early degenerative changes. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Cinnamic acid is beneficial to diabetic cardiomyopathy via its cardioprotective, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐dyslipidemia, and antidiabetic properties
Authors: Nair Anupama , Preetha Rani M. R. , Salin Raj Palayyan , Ranjit S. , Rajankutty K. , Raghu K. G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractDiabetes‐related health issues are increasing day by day in public, and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one serious issue among them. There is a lack of proper strategy to control and manage DCM. Here we are attempting a nutraceutical‐based approach to protect the heart from DCM. The beneficial effect of cinnamic acid (CiA), was evaluated in an experimental model of diabetes. For this, diabetic model was created by feeding male Wistar rats with a high fat, high fructose diet for 6 months and a single dose of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg bwt). Metformin was used as the positive control. The diabetic rats showed insulin resistance, myocardial injury, and a significant increase of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL. Development of DCM was evident from the increased cardiac mass index, LDH, CKMB, ANP, and CRP levels in the diabetic group. There was a significant increase in the levels of cardiac hypertrophy markers like TGF‐β and β‐MHC in the hearts of diabetic rats revealing DCM. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6) and lipid peroxides were significantly elevated in the serum of diabetic rats. Histopathology revealed inflammation and necrosis in the heart of diabetic rats confirming DCM. Oral administration of CiA (5 and 10 mg/kg bwt) prevented the development of DCM via its cardioprotective, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐dyslipidemia potential, and antidiabetic properties. Similarly, metformin (50 mg/kg bwt) has also shown protection against DCM. We conclude from this study that CiA is found to be beneficial against DCM and recommend more detailed preclinical and clinical studies to develop CiA‐based nutraceutical against DCM.