bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodistribution and Dosimetry Evaluation for a Novel Tau Tracer [18F]-S16 in Healthy Volunteers and Its Application in Assessment of Tau Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wang Ying , Cai Li , Zhou Kaixiang , Cui Mengchao , Yao Shaobo 
Published: February 2022

Background: The goal of this study was to report a fully automated radiosynthetic procedure of a novel tau tracer [18F]-S16 and its safety, biodistribution, and dosimetry in healthy volunteers as well as the potential utility of [18F]-S16 positron emission tomography (PET) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Methods: The automated radiosynthesis of [18F]-S16 was performed on a GE Tracerlab FX2 N module. For the biodistribution and dosimetry study, healthy volunteers underwent a series of PET scans acquired at 10, 60, 120, and 240 min post-injection. The biodistribution and safety were assessed. For the AD study, both AD and healthy controls (HCs) underwent dynamic [18F]-S16 and static [18F]-FDG PET imaging. [18F]-S16 binding was assessed quantitatively using standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) measured at different regions of interest (ROIs). [18F]-S16 SUVRs were compared between the AD patients and HCs using the Mann–Whitney U-test. In AD patients with all cortical ROIs, Spearman rank-correlation analysis was used to calculate the voxel-wise correlations between [18F]-S16 and [18F]-FDG.Results: The automated radiosynthesis of [18F]-S16 was finished within 45 min, with a radiochemical yield of 30 ± 5% (n = 8, non-decay-corrected). The radiochemical purity was greater than 98%, and the specific activity was calculated to be 1,047 ± 450 GBq/μmol (n = 5), and [18F]-S16 was stable in vitro. In the healthy volunteer study, no adverse effect was observed within 24 h post-injection, and no defluorination was observed in vivo. The radiotracer could pass through the blood–brain barrier easily and was rapidly cleared from the circulation and excreted through the hepatic system. The whole-body mean effective dose was 15.3 ± 0.3 μSv/MBq. In AD patients, [18F]-S16 accumulation was identified as involving the parietal, temporal, precuneus, posterior cingulate, and frontal lobes. No specific [18F]-S16 cerebral uptake was identified in HCs. The SUVR of AD patients was significantly higher than that of HCs. No specific binding uptake was found in the choroid plexus, venous sinus, and white matter. A significant correlation was found between [18F]-S16 binding and hypometabolism across neocortical regions.Conclusion: [18F]-S16 could be synthesized automatically, and it showed favorable biodistribution and safety in humans. [18F]-S16 PET indicated a high image quality for imaging tau deposition in AD and distinguishing AD from HCs.
Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived CD133+CD34+ Cells Protect Retinal Endothelial Cells and Ganglion Cells in X-Irradiated Rats through Angioprotective and Neurotrophic Factors
Authors: Chen Siyu , Li Minghui , Sun Jianguo , Wang Dan , Weng Chuanhuang , Zeng Yuxiao , Li Yijian , Huo Shujia , Huang Xiaona , Li Shiying , Zou Ting , Xu Haiwei 
Published: February 2022

Radiation retinopathy (RR) is a common complication following radiation therapy of globe, head, and neck malignancies, and is characterized by microangiopathy, neuroretinopathy, and the irreversible loss of visual function. To date, there is no effective treatment for RR. Stem cells have been clinically used to treat retinal degeneration. CD133+CD34+ cells from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB-CD133+CD34+ cells), a subpopulation of hematopoietic stem cells, were applied to determine their protective efficacy on irradiated rat retinas. After X-ray irradiation on the retinas, rats were intravitreally injected with hUCB-CD133+CD34+ cells. Transplantation of hUCB-CD133+CD34+ cells prevented retinal dysfunction 2 weeks post-operation and lasted at least 8 weeks. CD133+CD34+ cells were distributed along the retinal vessel and migrated to the ganglion cell layer. Moreover, grafted CD133+CD34+ cells reduced the apoptosis of endothelial and ganglion cells in irradiated rats and increased the number of survived CD31+ retinal endothelial cells and Brn3a+ ganglion cells at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, post-operation. Co-culturing of CD133+CD34+ cells or supernatants with irradiated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRECs) in vitro, confirmed that CD133+CD34+ cells ameliorated hREC apoptosis caused by irradiation. Mechanistically, we found that angioprotective mediators and neurotrophic factors were secreted by CD133+CD34+ cells, which might attenuate irradiation-induced injury of retinal endothelial cells and ganglion cells. hUCB-CD133+CD34+ cell transplantation, as a novel treatment, protects retinal endothelial and ganglion cells of X-irradiated rat retinas, possibly through angioprotective and neurotrophic factors.
Short- and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Right Ventricular Infarction According to Modalities of Reperfusion Strategies in China: Data From China Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry
Authors: Hu Mengjin , Chen Ge , Yang Hongmei , Gao Xiaojin , Yang Jingang , Xu Haiyan , Wu Yuan , Song Lei , Qiao Shubin , Hu Fenghuan , Wang Yang , Li Wei , Jin Chen , Yang Yuejin ,   for the China Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Investigators
Published: February 2022

PurposeWe sought to investigate the short- and long-term outcomes in patients with right ventricular infarction in China.MethodsData from China Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAMI) Registry for patients with right ventricular infarction between January 2013 and September 2014 were analyzed.ResultsOf the 1,988 patients with right ventricular infarction, 733 patients did not receive reperfusion therapy, 281 patients received thrombolysis therapy, and 974 patients underwent primary PCI. Primary PCI and thrombolysis were all associated with lower risks of in-hospital (3.1 vs. 12.6%; adjusted OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.27–0.87; P = 0.0151 and 5.7 vs. 12.6%; adjusted OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22–0.85; P = 0.0155, respectively), and 2-year all-cause mortality (6.3 vs. 20.9%; adjusted HR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.34–0.73; P = 0.0003 and 11.0 vs. 20.9%; adjusted HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38–0.92; P = 0.0189, respectively), compared with no reperfusion therapy. Meanwhile, primary PCI was superior to thrombolysis in reducing the risks of in-hospital atrial-ventricular block (4.2 vs. 8.9%; adjusted OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.23–0.91; P = 0.0257), cardiogenic shock (5.3 vs. 13.9%; adjusted OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.23–0.83; P = 0.0115), and heart failure (8.5 vs. 23.5%; adjusted OR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.22–0.56; P &lt; 0.0001). Primary PCI could reduce the risk of 2-year major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (19.1 vs. 33.3%; adjusted HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56–0.92; P = 0.0092) relative to no reperfusion therapy, whereas thrombolysis may increase the risk of 2-year revascularization (15.5 vs. 8.7%; adjusted HR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.15–3.16; P = 0.0124) compared with no reperfusion therapy.ConclusionsTimely reperfusion therapy is essential for patients with right ventricular infarction. Primary PCI may be considered as the default treatment strategy for patients with right ventricular infarction in the contemporary primary PCI era.
Evaluating the Impact of Orthostatic Syncope and Presyncope on Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hockin Brooke C. D. , Heeney Natalie D. , Whitehurst David G. T. , Claydon Victoria E. 
Published: February 2022

PurposeSyncope (transient loss of consciousness and postural tone) and presyncope are common manifestations of autonomic dysfunction that are usually triggered by orthostasis. The global impact of syncope on quality of life (QoL) is unclear. In this systematic review, we report evidence on the impact of syncope and presyncope on QoL and QoL domains, identify key factors influencing QoL in patients with syncopal disorders, and combine available data to compare QoL between syncopal disorders and to population normative data.MethodsA comprehensive literature search of academic databases (MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase) was conducted (February 2021) to identify peer-reviewed publications that evaluated the impact of vasovagal syncope (VVS), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), or orthostatic hypotension (OH) on QoL. Two team members independently screened records for inclusion and extracted data relevant to the study objectives.ResultsFrom 12,258 unique records identified by the search, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria (VVS: n = 20; POTS: n = 13; VVS and POTS: n = 1; OH: n = 2); 12 distinct QoL instruments were used. Comparisons of QoL scores between patients with syncope/presyncope and a control group were performed in 16 studies; significant QoL impairments in patients with syncope/presyncope were observed in all studies. Increased syncopal event frequency, increased autonomic symptom severity, and the presence of mental health disorders and/or comorbidities were associated with lower QoL scores.ConclusionThis review synthesizes the negative impact of syncope/presyncope on QoL and identifies research priorities to reduce the burden of these debilitating disorders and improve patient QoL.
Holocene Aeolian Activity Recorded by Mountain Paleosols, Gonghe Basin, Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Xu Chunxia , E Chongyi , Shi Yunkun , Zhang Jing , Sun Manping , Zhang Zhaokang , Zeng Yongxin 
Published: February 2022

The Gonghe Basin (GHB) on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (NE-QTP) is sensitive to climatic change due to the interplay of the Asian summer monsoon and the westerlies. Extensive aeolian sediments in the basin represent important archives of regional environmental evolution. However, the paleosol development timing is still not clear because of limited number of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) sampling and dating, which restricts our understanding of past aeolian activities during the Holocene in GHB. In this study, a loess-paleosol section, Najiao (NJ), from the southeastern margin of GHB was investigated. Eighteen OSL samples were obtained from the 400-cm section in order to construct a high-resolution chronological framework. Paleoenvironmental proxies including grain size distribution (GS), magnetic susceptibility (MS), total organic carbon (TOC), and geochemical elements were measured to reconstruct the Holocene aeolian activity. Results show a successive accumulation from Early to Middle Holocene at NJ section, but a c. 3 ka sedimentary hiatus is found between c. 5 and 1.5 ka. Paleosol ages are constrained by high-resolution OSL ages which are from c. 7–5 ka. Consistent with previous studies, strong aeolian activities occurred in GHB during the Early Holocene (c. 13–9 ka), indicating dry climate conditions. Initiation of pedogenesis was at c. 9 ka, and the intensified soil development and lowest aeolian activity were between c. 7 and 5 ka. The increased sand content after c. 1.5 ka indicates enhanced human activities in the interior of GHB in the Late Holocene.
Protective Effect of Maternal First-Trimester Low Body Mass Index Against Macrosomia: A 10-Year Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sun Yongqing , Zhang Man , Liu Ruixia , Wang Jingjing , Yang Kai , Wu Qingqing , Yue Wentao , Yin Chenghong 
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess whether maternal first-trimester low body mass index (BMI) has a protective effect against macrosomia.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study from January 1, 2011, to June 30, 2021, and 84,900 participants were included. The predictive performance of maternal first-trimester and parental pre-pregnancy BMI for macrosomia was assessed using the area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the independent effect of maternal first-trimester low BMI on macrosomia. Interactions were investigated to evaluate the potential variation of the effect of first-trimester low BMI across different groups. Furthermore, interactions were also examined across groups determined by multiple factors jointly: a) gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)/GDM history status, parity, and maternal age; and b) GDM/GDM history status, fetal sex, and season of delivery.ResultsThe proportion of macrosomia was 6.14% (5,215 of 84,900). Maternal first-trimester BMI showed the best discrimination of macrosomia (all Delong tests: P &lt; 0.001). The protective effect of maternal first-trimester low BMI against macrosomia remained significant after adjusting for all confounders of this study [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.32–0.43]. Maternal first-trimester low BMI was inversely associated with macrosomia, irrespective of parity, fetal sex, season of delivery, maternal age, and GDM/GDM history status. The protective effect was most pronounced among pregnant women without GDM/GDM history aged 25 to 29 years old, irrespective of parity (multipara: aOR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.22–0.47; nullipara: aOR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.24–0.43). In multipara with GDM/GDM history, the protective effect of low BMI was only observed in the 30- to 34-year-old group (aOR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02–0.86). For pregnant women without GDM/GDM history, the protective effect of maternal first-trimester low BMI against macrosomia was the weakest in infants born in winter, irrespective of fetal sex (female: aOR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.29–0.69; male: aOR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.28–0.55).ConclusionMaternal first-trimester low BMI was inversely associated with macrosomia, and the protective effect was most pronounced among 25- to 29-year-old pregnant women without GDM/GDM history and was only found among 30- to 34-year-old multipara with GDM/GDM history. The protective effect of maternal first-trimester low BMI against macrosomia was the weakest in winter among mothers without GDM/GDM history.
Real-Time Flash Glucose Monitoring Had Better Effects on Daily Glycemic Control Compared With Retrospective Flash Glucose Monitoring in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Premix Insulin Therapy
Authors: Yan Reng-na , Cai Ting-ting , Jiang Lan-lan , Jing Ting , Cai Ling , Xie Xiao-jing , Su Xiao-fei , Xu Lan , He Ke , Cheng Liang , Cheng Cheng , Liu Bing-li , Hu Yun , Ma Jian-hua 
Published: February 2022

Background and AimsTo compare the effects of real-time and retrospective flash glucose monitoring (FGM) on daily glycemic control and lifestyle in patients with type 2 diabetes on premix insulin therapy.Methods and ResultsA total of 172 patients using premix insulin, with HbA1c ≥ 7.0% (56 mmol/mol), or the time below the target (TBR) ≥ 4%, or the coefficient of variation (CV) ≥36% during the screening period, were randomly assigned to retrospective FGM (n = 89) or real-time FGM group (n = 83). Another two retrospective or real-time 14-day FGMs were performed respectively, 1 month apart. Both groups received educations and medication adjustment after each FGM. Time in range (3.9~10.0 mmol/l, TIR) increased significantly after 3 months in the real-time FGM group (6.5%) compared with the retrospective FGM group (-1.1%) (p = 0.014). HbA1c decreased in both groups (both p &lt; 0.01). Real-time FGMs increased daily exercise time compared with the retrospective group (p = 0.002).ConclusionsReal-time FGM with visible blood glucose improves daily glycemic control and diabetes self-care behaviors better than retrospective FGM in patients with type 2 diabetes on premix insulin therapy.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/NCT04847219.
The Efficacy of Nitrates for Bone Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational and Randomized Controlled Studies
Authors: Liu Weibing , Meng Zhuoran , Wang Ge 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundAlthough some studies have found that nitrates were beneficial for bone health, the findings are inconsistent. To assess the efficacy of nitrates for bone health, we conducted a meta-analysis.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE databases, Cochrane Library for relevant articles published before December 2021 were searched. All observational and randomized controlled studies that reporting bone mineral density (BMD), fractures with nitrates use were included. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate risk ratios (RRs) for fractures, change differences for bone mineral density.ResultsFour cohort studies and two case-control studies examining the association between nitrates use and fractures were identified. The nitrates use was not associated with any fracture risk (RR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94–1.01; I2 = 31.5%) and hip fracture (RR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.76–1.02; I2 = 74.5%). Subgroup analyses revealed no differences in fracture risk, whereas two cohort studies revealed a reduced risk of hip fracture (RR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.58–0.86, I2 = 0.0%). There were no statistically significant differences in BMD percent changes at lumbar spine (WMD = -0.07, 95% CI,-0.78–0.65; I2 = 0.0%), total hip (WMD = -0.42, 95% CI,-0.88–0.04; I2 = 0.0%), femoral neck (WMD = -0.38, 95% CI,-1.02–0.25; I2 = 0.0%), or total body (WMD = -0.17, 95% CI,-0.51–0.17; I2 = 0.0%) in two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared with a placebo. Another two RCTs compared nitrates with alendronate. Nitrates were comparable to alendronate in increasing bone mineral density at lumbar spine (WMD = 0.00, 95% CI,-0.01–0.02; I2 = 0.0%). Besides, the most common adverse effect was headache, contributing to low adherence to therapy.ConclusionOur meta-analysis showed no association between nitrates use and fractures in observational studies. The results of RCTs on the usage of nitrates and their effects on BMD were inconsistent. High-quality, long-term studies are needed to clarify the efficacy of nitrates for bone health.
Enhancing Methane Production in a Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion of Spent Mushroom Substrate and Chicken Manure via Activation of Sludge, Optimization of Temperature, and C/N Ratio
Authors: Shu Chin-Hang , Jaiswal Rajan , Kuo Mu-do , Yu Bing-Hung 
Published: February 2022

Management of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is causing a global environmental concern due to tremendous increase in mushroom production globally. Therefore, in this research, the performance of a two-stage anaerobic co-digestion (TS-AD) of spent mushroom substrate and chicken manure was evaluated in terms of methane and biogas production and process stability with respect to single stage anaerobic digestion (SS-AD). Activation of anaerobic sludge using aeration or heat treatment in the first stage at mesophilic temperature followed by thermophilic co-digestion with chicken manure in the second stage was investigated. TS-AD exhibited better performance and enhanced methane generation over SS-AD. The optimal temperatures were determined as 35°C and 50°C for the first and the second stage of TS-AD, respectively. C/N ratio of 10 was the most suitable for biogas and methane production. TS-AD with C/N ratio of 10 and mesophilic digestion of SMS and sludge for 3 days at 35°C followed by co-digestion of the first stage effluent with chicken manure at 50°C was the optimized state producing 1359 mL of biogas of which 614.42 mL was methane, showing an increment by 59.44% in methane production as compared to SS-AD. TS-AD might be promising approach for utilization of SMS as feed stocks for biogas and methane production.
Integrated Analysis of the CircRNA-Based ceRNA Network in Renal Fibrosis Induced by Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Wei Lei , Yu Zhixiang , Liu Limin , Zhou Ying , Bai Xiao , Wang Liya , Bai Ming , Sun Shiren 
Published: February 2022

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which have broad posttranscriptional regulatory potencies, are involved in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases and are promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, their specific roles in renal fibrosis remain elusive.Methods: A robust unilateral renal ischemia reperfusion injury (UIRI) mouse model was established to recapitulate the pathophysiology of renal fibrosis. The expression of circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs was profiled by high-throughput RNA sequencing technology.Results: In total, 4983 circRNAs, 216 miRNAs, and 6371 mRNAs were differentially expressed in UIRI-induced fibrotic kidneys. Candidate circRNAs and miRNAs were validated by RT–qPCR in both UIRI and unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse models. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the parental genes of the differentially expressed circRNAs were predominantly implicated in focal adhesion, adhesion junctions, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathways. Through circRNA-miRNA-mRNA construction, we identified two hub genes, circSlc8a1 and circApoe, that targeted a large number of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs related to metabolism and cytokine–cytokine receptor pathways, respectively.Conclusion: CircRNAs were dysregulated in the UIRI model and might be potentially involved in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. Research efforts should focus on unravelling the functions of aberrantly expressed circRNAs in renal fibrosis to uncover biomarkers that would enable early diagnosis and the design of prompt therapeutic interventions to prevent disease progression.
Longitudinal and Comparative Measures of Serum Chitotriosidase and YKL-40 in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Majewski Sebastian , Szewczyk Karolina , Jerczyńska Hanna , Miłkowska-Dymanowska Joanna , Białas Adam J. , Gwadera Łukasz , Piotrowski Wojciech J. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundAlthough chitin is absent in humans, chitinases are present in healthy subjects and show dysregulated expression in a variety of diseases resulting from abnormal tissue injury and repair responses. It was shown that chitotriosidase (chitinase 1/CHIT1) and structurally-related chitinase 3-like 1 protein (CHI3L1/YKL-40) play important roles in the pathobiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), however little is known about their longitudinal serum levels and relationship to clinical measures in IPF.MethodsThe present study is the first to evaluate serial measurements of serum CHIT1 activity and YKL-40 concentrations in patients with IPF starting antifibrotic treatment and followed up for 24 months. In addition, baseline serum CHIT1 and YKL-40 were compared between patients with IPF and control subjects, and possible CHIT1 and YKL-40 relationships to longitudinal clinical assessments in IPF were explored.ResultsBaseline serum CHIT1 activity and YKL-40 concentrations were significantly elevated in patients with IPF compared to control subjects and showed similar discriminatory ability in distinguishing IPF from controls. No significant differences between the median serum CHIT1 activity and YKL-40 concentration measured over a study follow-up were noted. We found significantly elevated baseline serum CHIT1 activity in the progressors compared with the stables in the first year, while significantly increased baseline serum CHIT1 activity was noted in the stables compared to the progressors in the second year. Additionally, we observed a significant negative correlation between a change in serum YKL-40 concentration and a change in forced vital capacity (FVC) % predicted (% pred.) in the stables subgroup, whereas, a change in serum CHIT1 activity correlated negatively with a change in FVC% pred. in the progressors subgroup.ConclusionsThis explorative study findings add further evidence that CHIT1 and YKL-40 are upregulated in patients with IPF, and suggest that longitudinally stable serum CHIT1 activity and YKL-40 concentration levels may potentially be associated with the antifibrotic treatment response. In addition, our findings are supporting the possible role of CHIT1 and YKL-40 as candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in IPF. Further research is needed to validate present study findings.