bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetabular deficiency in borderline hip dysplasia is underestimated by lateral center edge angle alone
Authors: Dornacher Daniel , Lutz Bernd , Fuchs Michael , Zippelius Timo , Reichel Heiko 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Introduction
In hip preservation surgery, the term “borderline hip dysplasia” was used when the lateral center edge angle (LCEA), historically described by Wiberg, measured 18–25°. In recent years, several radiographic parameters have been described to assess the antero posterior coverage of the femoral head, for example, the anterior and posterior wall index (AWI and PWI). This allowed an increasingly comprehensive understanding of acetabular morphology and a questioning of the borderline definition.

Material and methods
A retrospective review of 397 consecutive hips was performed, all treated with triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) due to symptomatic hip dysplasia. On all preoperative pelvic radiographs with a LCEA of 18–25°, acetabular index (AI), AWI and PWI were measured. With these values, the hips were categorized into laterally, antero-laterally and postero-laterally dysplastic and stratified by gender. Intra- and interobserver correlation of the parameters was analyzed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
According to LCEA, 192 hips were identified as “borderline dysplastic”. Based on AWI and PWI, the categorization resulted in 116 laterally dysplastic (60.4%), 33 antero-laterally (17.2%) and 43 postero-laterally dysplastic hips (22.4%). Gender stratification revealed that male acetabula seemed to be slightly more postero-laterally deficient than female (mean PWI 0.80 vs 0.89; p = 0.017). ICC confirmed highly accurate and reproducible readings of all parameters.

Conclusion
The rather high proportion of symptomatic hips labelled borderline dysplastic suggested, that there might be substantial acetabular deficiency not recognizable by LCEA. Comprehensive deformity analysis using LCEA, AI, AWI and PWI showed, that 40% of these hips were deficient either antero-laterally or postero-laterally. Male acetabula were more deficient postero-laterally than female.
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3: development during pregnancy and postpartum
Authors: Stuebs Frederik A. , Mergel Franziska , Koch Martin C. , Dietl Anna K. , Schulmeyer Carla E. , Adler Werner , Geppert Carol , Hartman Arndt , Knöll Antje , Beckmann Matthias W. , Gass Paul , Mehlhorn Grit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPurposeThe aims of the present study were to evaluate the development of untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3 during pregnancy and to assess persistence, progression, and regression rates postpartum to identify factors associated with regression.MethodsIn a tertiary gynecology and obstetrics department, a total of 154 pregnant women with CIN 3 were treated in the dysplasia unit. The follow-up findings were analyzed retrospectively on the basis of histological, cytological, and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing of 154 pregnant women confirmed as having CIN 3 in colposcopically guided biopsies.ResultsThe rates of persistence, regression, and progression of CIN 3 in these women were 76.1%, 20% and 3.2%, respectively. Data for the delivery mode was available for 126 women. The rate of regression was almost twice as high with vaginal delivery as with cesarean section, at 27.4 vs. 15.2%, whereas the rate of progression was lower with vaginal delivery, at 2.7 vs. 6.5%.ConclusionThe rate of persistence of CIN observed in this study is comparable to that reported in other studies. The study provides strong evidence for greater regression among women who have vaginal deliveries. Careful work-up is recommended postpartum for this group of women in order to rule out persistent CIN 3 or invasive disease.
Association of Gas Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide with Cardiovascular Morbidity and Survival in a Disadvantaged Clinical Population
Authors: Collaro Andrew J. , Chang Anne B. , Marchant Julie M. , Chatfield Mark D. , Dent Annette , Fong Kwun M. , McElrea Margaret S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and spirometry values are associated with increased mortality risk. However, associations between mortality risk and cardiovascular disease with the transfer coefficient of the lung for carbon monoxide (KCO) and alveolar volume (VA) are unknown. This cohort study: (i) evaluated whether DLCO, KCO, and VA abnormalities are independently associated with cardiovascular morbidity and/or elevated mortality risk and, (ii) compared these associations with those using spirometry values.

Methods
Gas-diffusing capacity and spirometry data of 1165 adults seen at specialist respiratory outreach clinics over an 8-year period (241 with cardiovascular disease; 108 deceased) were analysed using multivariable Cox and logistic regression.

Results
DLCO, KCO, and VA values below the lower limit of normal (< − 1.64 Z-scores) were associated with elevated cardiovascular disease prevalence [respective odds ratios of 1.83 (95% CI 1.31–2.55), 1.56 (95% CI 1.08–2.25), 2.20 (95% CI 1.60–3.01)] and increased all-cause mortality risk [respective hazard ratios of 2.99 (95% CI 1.83–4.90), 2.14 (95% CI 1.38–3.32), 2.75 (95% CI 1.18–2.58)], after adjustment for factors including age, personal smoking, and respiratory disease. Compared to similar levels of spirometry abnormality, DLCO, KCO, and VA were associated with similar or greater mortality risk, and similar cardiovascular disease prevalence. Analysis of only those patients with clinical normal spirometry values (n = 544) showed these associations persisted for DLCO.

Conclusion
Low DLCO, KCO, and VA measurements are associated with cardiovascular disease prevalence. As risk factors of all-cause mortality, they are more sensitive than spirometry even among patients with no diagnosed respiratory disease.
Defining the role of ab externo Xen gel stent in glaucomatous eyes with prior failed surgical intervention
Authors: To Lillian K. , Dhoot Rupak K. , Chuang Alice Z. , Karimaghaei Sam , Guevara-Abadia Francisco , Shah Ruchi D. , Feldman Robert M. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Xen45 Gel stent (Xen; Allergan) in eyes that have failed prior surgical intervention, compared to traditional glaucoma drainage device (GDD) or continuous-wave cyclophotocoagulation (CPC). Since this population has low expected success rates with additional surgery, it is vital to compare to standard-of-care surgical options.

Methods
Retrospective, single-center, case–control study of ab externo transconjunctival Xen shunt in eyes that have previously undergone trabeculectomy and/or GDD surgery. Postoperative data were collected for 18 months. Failure was defined as no light perception, additional glaucoma surgery required, or intraocular pressure (IOP) of < 6 mmHg after 6 weeks postoperatively.

Results
Eighteen Xen eyes and 36 control eyes matched on both glaucoma type and previous glaucoma surgeries were included. Seventy-two percent had primary open angle glaucoma, 11% uveitic, 6% primary angle closure, 6% pseudoexfoliation, and 6% pigmentary glaucoma. Fifty-six percent of eyes in each group had prior trabeculectomy, 28% of Xen and 31% of control eyes had prior GDD, and 17% of Xen and 14% of control eyes had both. Baseline medicated IOP was lower in the Xen group (21.8 ± 7.2) compared to controls (27.5 ± 9.4, P = 0.043). The cumulative failure rate at year 1 was 17% for Xen and 20% for controls (P = 0.57). Mean survival time was 14.1 (± 1.5) months and 11.4 (± 0.6) months for controls. There was no difference in minor complication rates between groups (P = 0.65), but the Xen group had a significantly lower rate of serious complications (P = 0.043) defined as vision threatening or requiring surgical intervention in the operating room. When censored for additional glaucoma procedures, there were no differences at year 1 in IOP, change in IOP, number of IOP-lowering medications, or number of medications reduced from baseline.

Conclusions
The Xen shunt provides a reasonable alternative to current standard of care, with a similar failure rate at year 1, with a noninferior IOP reduction compared to GDD and CPC, and a preferred safety profile.
A century of exercise physiology: key concepts in muscle energetics
Authors: Barclay C. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the mid-nineteenth century, the concept of muscle behaving like a stretched spring was developed. This elastic model of contraction predicted that the energy available to perform work was established at the start of a contraction. Despite several studies showing evidence inconsistent with the elastic model, it persisted into the twentieth century. In 1923, W. O. Fenn published a paper in which he presented evidence that appeared to clearly refute the elastic model. Fenn showed that when a muscle performs work it produces more heat than when contracting isometrically. He proposed that energy for performing work was only made available in a muscle as and when that work was performed. However, his ideas were not adopted and it was only after 15 years of technical developments that in 1938 A. V. Hill performed experiments that conclusively disproved the elastic model and supported Fenn’s conclusions. Hill showed that the rate of heat production increased as a muscle made the transition from isometric to working contraction. Understanding the basis of the phenomenon observed by Fenn and Hill required another 40 years in which the processes that generate force and work in muscle and the associated scheme of biochemical reactions were established. Demonstration of the biochemical equivalent of Hill’s observations—changes in rate of ATP splitting when performing work—in 1999 was possible through further technical advances. The concept that the energy, from ATP splitting, required to perform work is dynamically modulated in accord with the loads a muscle encounters when contracting is key to understanding muscle energetics.
Pembrolizumab for all
Authors: Kim Myung S. , Prasad Vinay 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe current approval indications for pembrolizumab are complex, reflecting the inclusion criteria of numerous clinical trials that led to approvals. Here we argue that allowing the use of pembrolizumab to any advanced solid tumor in any tumor type in any line of therapy for a fixed duration may be preferable to the current assortment of indications. The aggregate response rate in landmark clinical trials for approved indications of pembrolizumab is low and even lower in real-world populations. Due to heterogeneity of response to checkpoint inhibitors and limited predictive biomarkers, there are subsets of patients without approved indications for pembrolizumab that may have response to checkpoint inhibitors. The current regulatory framework of numerous overlapping clinical trials leading to complex approval indications is redundant and inefficient. We conclude that giving pembrolizumab in any metastatic solid tumor in any setting may lead to better outcomes with minimal increase in cost. Randomized clinical trials should focus more on optimal duration of treatment based on tumor type and initial response to checkpoint inhibitors.
On Alexandrov L-fuzzy nearness (II)
Authors: Elkordy Enas H. , Ramadan Ahmed A. , Ahmed Reham M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Alexandrov L-fuzzy nearness is a new addition to the L-fuzzy systems that is the base for intelligent systems and its wide applications in various fields. This paper represents the connections among L-fuzzy nearness and various L-fuzzy systems such as: L-fuzzy rough sets, L-fuzzy semi-topogenous orders and L-fuzzy uniformities in complete residuated lattices. Moreover, we show that there is a Galois correspondence between the categories of those mentioned systems.
Handling of missing items in the Oswestry disability index and the neck disability index. A study from Swespine, the National Swedish spine register
Authors: Joelson Anders , Fritzell Peter , Hägg Olle 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Neck Disability Index (NDI) scoring algorithms used by the Swedish spine register (Swespine) until April 2022 handled missing items somewhat differently than the original algorithms. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate possible differences in the ODI and NDI scores between the Swespine and the original scoring algorithms.

Methods
Patients surgically treated for degenerative conditions of the lumbar or cervical spine between 2003–2019 (lumbar) and 2006–2019 (cervical) were identified in Swespine. Preoperative and 1-year postoperative ODI/NDI data were used to evaluate differences between the Swespine and the original ODI/NDI algorithms with adjustment for at most 1 or 2 missing items using mean imputation.

Results
The preoperative as well as the 1-year postoperative ODI/NDI were approximately 1 unit out of 100 smaller for the Swespine algorithm, irrespective of adjustment model. The differences between preoperative and postoperative ODI/NDI scores were similar between the Swespine and the original scoring algorithms. There were occasional statistically significant differences between the preoperative–postoperative differences due to large sample sizes.

Conclusions
The Swespine algorithms, used until April 2022, underestimated the ODI and NDI by approximately 1 out of 100 units compared with the original algorithms. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between the original algorithms when adjusting for at most 1 or 2 missing items. The algorithm has now been changed, also for historical data.
Defining activities in neurovascular microsurgery training: entrustable professional activities for vascular neurosurgery
Authors: van Lieshout Jasper Hans , Malzkorn Bastian , Steiger Hans-Jakob , Karadag Cihat , Kamp Marcel A. , Vajkoczy Peter , Beck Jürgen , Peschillo Simone , Rohde Veit , Walsh Daniel , Lukshin Vasiliy , Korja Miikka , Cenzato Marco , Raabe Andreas , Gruber Andreas , Hänggi Daniel , Boogaarts H. D. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) represent an assessment framework with an increased focus on competency-based assessment. Originally developed and adopted for undergraduate medical education, concerns over resident ability to practice effectively after graduation have led to its implementation in residency training but yet not in vascular neurosurgery. Subjective assessment of resident or fellow performance can be problematic, and thus, we aim to define core EPAs for neurosurgical vascular training.

Methods
We used a nominal group technique in a multistep interaction between a team of experienced neurovascular specialists and a medical educator to identify relevant EPAs. Panel members provided feedback on the EPAs until they reached consent.

Results
The process produced seven core procedural EPAs for vascular residency and fellowship training, non-complex aneurysm surgery, complex aneurysm surgery, bypass surgery, arteriovenous malformation resection, spinal dural fistula surgery, perioperative management, and clinical decision-making.

Conclusion
These seven EPAs for vascular neurosurgical training may support and guide the neurosurgical society in the development and implementation of EPAs as an evaluation tool and incorporate entrustment decisions in their training programs.
Practical planning and execution of groupjoin and nested aggregates
Authors: Fent Philipp , Birler Altan , Neumann Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGroupjoins combine execution of ajoinand a subsequentgroup-by. They are common in analytical queries and occur in about "Equation missing"of the queries in TPC-H and TPC-DS. While they were originally invented to improve performance, efficient parallel execution of groupjoins can be limited by contention in many-core systems. Efficient implementations of groupjoins are highly desirable, as groupjoins are not only used to fuse group-by and join, but are also useful to efficiently execute nested aggregates. For these, the query optimizer needs to reason over the result of aggregation to optimally schedule it. Traditional systems quickly reach their limits of selectivity and cardinality estimations over computed columns and often treat group-by as an optimization barrier. In this paper, we present techniques to efficiently estimate, plan, and execute groupjoins and nested aggregates. We propose four novel techniques,aggregate estimatesto predict the result distributions of aggregates,parallel groupjoin executionfor scalable execution of groupjoins,index groupjoins, and a greedyeager aggregationoptimization technique that introduces nested preaggregations to significantly improve execution plans. The resulting system has improved estimates, better execution plans, and a contention-free evaluation of groupjoins, which speeds up TPC-H and TPC-DS queries significantly.
Flight speed and time of day heavily influence rainforest canopy wildlife counts from drone-mounted thermal camera surveys
Authors: Whitworth Andrew , Pinto Carolina , Ortiz Johan , Flatt Eleanor , Silman Miles 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe payload size and commercial availability of thermal infrared cameras mounted on drones has initiated a new wave in the potential for conservationists and researchers to survey, count and detect wildlife, even the most complex of habitats such as forest canopies. However, several fundamental design and methodological questions remain to be tested before standardized monitoring approaches can be broadly adopted. We test the impact of both the speed of drone flights and diel flight period on tropical rainforest canopy wildlife detections. Detection and identification rates differ between both flight speeds and diel time. Overall ~ 36% more detections were made during slower flight speeds, along with a greater ability to categorize taxonomic groups. Flights conducted at 3am resulted in ~ 67% more detections compared to flights conducted at 7am (the diel period with the lowest detection rate). However, 112% more detections could be identified to taxonomic group in 7am flights compared with 3am flights – due to the types of wildlife being identified and the assistance of the RGB camera. Although, this technology holds great promise for carrying out surveys in structurally complex and poorly known ecosystems like forest canopies, there is more to do in further methodological testing, and building automated post-processing systems. Our results suggest that drone studies in the same habitat types, with the same animal densities, could be off by multiples if flown during different times and/or at different speeds. The difference could be an alarming 5-6x variation in animal detections or identification depending on changes in these two factors alone.
Temporal frequency dependence of the polarity inversion between upper and lower visual field in the pattern-onset steady-state visual evoked potential
Authors: Kessler Roman , Heinrich Sven P. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
According to the cruciform model, the upper and lower halves of the visual field representation in the primary visual cortex are located mainly on the opposite sides of the calcarine sulcus. Such a shape would have consequences for the surface-recorded visual evoked potential (VEP), as V1 responses to stimulation of the upper and lower hemifield manifest with opposite polarity (i.e., polarity inversion). However, the steady-state VEP results from a complex superposition of response components from different cortical sources, which can obscure the inversion of polarity. The present study assesses the issue for different stimulation frequencies which result in different patterns of superposition in the steady-state response.

Methods
Sequences of brief pattern-onset stimuli were presented at different stimulation rates ranging from 2 Hz (transient VEP) to 13 Hz (steady-state VEP). The upper and lower hemifields were tested separately and simultaneously. The data were assessed both in the time domain and in the frequency domain.

Results
Comparing the responses to the stimulation of upper and lower hemifield, polarity inversion was present within a limited time interval following individual stimulus onsets. With increasing frequency, this resulted in an approximate inversion of the full steady-state response and consequently in a phase shift of approximately 180° in the time-domain response. Polarity inversion was more prominent at electrode Pz, also for transient responses. Our data also demonstrated that the sum of the hemifield responses is a good approximation of the full-field response.

Conclusion
While the basic phenomenon of polarity inversion occurs irrespective of the stimulus frequency, its relative impact on the steady-state response as a whole is the largest for high stimulation rates. We propose that this is because longer-lasting response components from other visual areas are not well represented in the steady-state VEP at higher frequencies.
The 100-m X-ray test facility at IHEP
Authors: Wang Yusa , Zhao Zijian , Hou Dongjie , Yang Xiongtao , Chen Can , Li Xinqiao , Zhu Yuxuan , Zhao Xiaofan , Ma Jia , Xu He , Chen Yupeng , Wang Guofeng , Lu Fangjun , Zhang Shuangnan , Zhang Shu , Chen Yong , Xu Yupeng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe 100-m X-ray Test Facility of the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) was initially proposed in 2012 for the test and calibration of the X-ray detectors of the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) with the capability to support future X-ray missions. The large instrument chamber connected with a long vacuum tube can accommodate the X-ray mirror, focal plane detector and other instruments. The X-ray sources are installed at the other end of the vacuum tube with a distance of 105 m, which can provide an almost parallel X-ray beam covering 0.2$$\sim$$
∼
60 keV energy band. The X-ray mirror modules of the Einstein Probe (EP) and the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission (eXTP) and payload of the Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) have been tested and calibrated with this facility. It has been also used to characterize the focal plane camera and aluminum filter used on the Einstein Probe. In this paper, we will introduce the overall configuration and capability of the facility, and give a brief introduction of some calibration results performed with this facility.
Could Sensory Differences Be a Sex-Indifferent Biomarker of Autism? Early Investigation Comparing Tactile Sensitivity Between Autistic Males and Females
Authors: Asaridou Magdalini , Wodka Ericka L. , Edden Richard A. E. , Mostofsky Stewart H. , Puts Nicolaas A. J. , He Jason L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSensory differences are highly prevalent in autistic individuals. However, few studies have compared their presentation between autistic males and autistic females. We used psychophysics to assess and compare tactile perceptual sensitivity between autistic and non-autistic boys and girls aged between 8 and 12 years of age. While there were sex-differences of amplitude discrimination, frequency discrimination and order judgement thresholds, these sex-differences were not autism-specific. Mean RTs and detection thresholds were elevated in autism but were comparable between the sexes. Tactile sensitivity measures that are elevated in autism but are otherwise comparable between autistic males and autistic females suggest the possibility that certain sensory features could be used as sex-indifferent markers of autism. Further investigation with larger and more representative samples should be conducted before any stronger conclusions are made.