bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the area of habitat to assess the extent of protection of India's birds
Authors: Warudkar Ashwin , Goyal Naman , Kher Varun , Vinay K. L. , Chanda Ritobroto , Bandi Raja Sekhar , Jenkins Clinton N. , Robin V. V. , Pimm Stuart L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIndia hosts multiple global biodiversity hotspots while being one of the most populous countries in the world. Here, we examine how well India has protected its avifauna, based on the fraction of their ranges falling within “protected areas.” India has protected 5% of its land this way. The issue is whether India has done better than expected in protecting its threatened species. To this end, we assessed 99 Near Threatened, Threatened, and small‐ranged species by estimating their Area of Habitat (AOH). We refined published species ranges using secondary information on elevation limits and habitat preferences. More than half (52) of the species assessed have their AOH <30% of their published ranges, while 31 have <10%. India has protected 87 threatened species' AOH more than expected (>5%), and for 33 species, the proportion protected exceeds the Aichi target (>17%). When we consider the top 10% richest regions as hotspots, only 9.2% of their total area falls under India's protected area network, inadequately covering areas with most threatened birds. We also discuss the conservation concerns for grassland and open habitat species across India, since we find that substantial proportions of their AOHs fall outside protected areas. This result highlights the significance of alternative conservation models, including other effective area‐based conservation measures. We show that species' AOH provides a more realistic well‐informed range that can aid in assessing their protection status.
The modulatory effect of high salt on immune cells and related diseases
Authors: Li Xian , Alu Aqu , Wei Yuquan , Wei Xiawei , Luo Min 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe adverse effect of excessive salt intake has been recognized in decades. Researchers have mainly focused on the association between salt intake and hypertension. However, studies in recent years have proposed the existence of extra‐renal sodium storage and provided insight into the immunomodulatory function of sodium.ObjectivesIn this review, we discuss the modulatory effects of high salt on various innate and adaptive immune cells and immune‐regulated diseases.MethodsWe identified papers through electronic searches of PubMed database from inception to March 2022.ResultsAn increasing body of evidence has demonstrated that high salt can modulate the differentiation, activation and function of multiple immune cells. Furthermore, a high‐salt diet can increase tissue sodium concentrations and influence the immune responses in microenvironments, thereby affecting the development of immune‐regulated diseases, including hypertension, multiple sclerosis, cancer and infections. These findings provide a novel mechanism for the pathology of certain diseases and indicate that salt might serve as a target or potential therapeutic agent in different disease contexts.ConclusionHigh salt has a profound impact on the differentiation, activation and function of multiple immune cells. Additionally, an HSD can modulate the development of various immune‐regulated diseases.
DNASE1L3 inhibits proliferation, invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by interacting with β‐catenin to promote its ubiquitin degradation pathway
Authors: Li Bo , Ge Yu‐Zhen , Yan Wei‐Wei , Gong Bin , Cao Kun , Zhao Rui , Li Chao , Zhang Ye‐Wei , Jiang Yi‐Heng , Zuo Shi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs a member of the deoxyribonuclease 1 family, DNASE1L3 plays a significant role both inside and outside the cell. However, the role of DNASE1L3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its molecular basis remains to be further investigated. In this study, we report that DNASE1L3 is downregulated in clinical HCC samples and evaluate the relationship between its expression and HCC clinical features. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that DNASE1L3 negatively regulates the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells. Mechanistic studies showed that DNASE1L3 recruits components of the cytoplasmic β‐catenin destruction complex (GSK‐3β and Axin), promotes the ubiquitination degradation of β‐catenin, and inhibits its nuclear transfer, thus, decreasing c‐Myc, P21 and P27 level. Ultimately, cell cycle and EMT signals are restrained. In general, this study provides new insight into the mechanism for HCC and suggests that DNASE1L3 can become a considerable target for HCC.
Early intervention in psychosis: An analysis of the characteristics and service needs of patients over the age of 35
Authors: Thakrar Vedas , Bardhan Mainak , Chakraborty Nandini 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimIn 2016 NICE updated its guidance, extending the age to which early intervention in psychosis (EIP) services treat patients following their first episode of psychosis, to 65 years, from the previous cut‐off of 35 years. The aim of this service evaluation was to identify differences in the demographic details, diagnoses, and treatments between patients below and above 35 years to identify any unmet needs in the latter age category.MethodsA total of 100 patients from the caseload were randomly selected, with 50 from each age group, to analyse in further detail. Descriptive statistics was predominantly used due to the relatively small sample size.ResultsThe over 35 s were predominantly female (62%), whilst the under 35 s were predominantly male (66%). There was a statistically significantly higher rate of substance misuse in the under 35 s. Whilst schizophrenia was the most common diagnosis in both groups, higher rates of delusional disorders and psychosis NOS were observed in the over 35 s. In both age groups, a median of two different medications was used per patient. However, amongst the over 35 s there is less use of psychological therapy and of support, time and recovery workers (STR workers).ConclusionThere are distinct differences between the two age groups including demographic and diagnostic features. Being historically youth based, EIP services needs to ensure that treatments offered are tailored to meet the need of the older age demographic who have different needs.
Secret Recipe of IPO survival: ESG disclosure and performance
Authors: Fu Mengchuan , Yu Dantong , Zhou Dan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWhile ESG initiation and disclosure may help newly listed companies maintain a social license to operate, mitigate information asymmetry, and attract investor attention, it may impose significant costs on initial public offering (IPO) firms and magnify agency problems. Using a sample of 1102 IPOs issued in the U.S and the ESG data from MSCI between 1999 and 2016, the paper empirically tests the competing hypotheses and examines the influence of ESG disclosure and performance on the survivability of IPOs. We document that (1) voluntary ESG disclosure reduces IPO failure risks and improves long‐run performance of IPO; (2) the sooner ESG information is disclosed after the IPO, the greater the likelihood of survival and better long‐run performance; and (3) IPOs with better ESG score are less likely to fail, with the impact largely attributable to the company's social and governance performance. Our findings identify new failure risks for IPOs, supply evidence of value‐relevance of ESG, and provide practical guidance for managers.
Upconversion luminescence color modulation and temperature sensing of Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2−xTaxO9:Er3+/Yb3+ phosphors
Authors: Li Lei , Cao Yongze , Cui Hongqiang , Zhang Yuhang , Li Guojian , Wang Yichao , Li Xiangping , Xu Sai , Chen Baojiu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA series of Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2−xTaxO9 (NBN2−xTx):Er3+/Yb3+ upconversion luminescence (UL) phosphors were prepared by a solid‐state sintering method, and the lattice structure of the prepared samples was studied by X‐ray diffraction. Under 980‐nm laser excitation, the UL properties were investigated by a spectrophotometer from room temperature to 723 K, and the optimal concentration of co‐doping Er3+/Yb3+ is 0.14 and 0.26 by replacing Bi3+ sites in NBN2−xTx host, respectively. With the increase of Ta5+ concentration, the color of UL gradually changes from green to yellow corresponding color coordinates from (0.301, 0.682) to (0.441, 0.549) under 980‐nm laser excitation. This color change is attributed to the decrease of lattice unit volume leading to the increase of cross relaxation of Er3+ to Er3+ and energy back transfer from Er3+ to Yb3+. Using the luminescence intensity ratio technique, the maximum absolute sensitivities (SA) are obtained as 0.00674 K−1 at 538 K and 0.00603 K−1 at 573 K, and relative sensitivities (SR) are obtained as 0.01174 K−1 at 303 K and 0.01244 K−1 at 303 K based on 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 and 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 energy level transitions of Er3+ in NBN2:0.14Er3+/0.26Yb3+ phosphors under 980‐ and 1550‐nm laser excitations, respectively. The results suggest that the NBN2−xTx:Er3+/Yb3+ phosphors are promising candidates for temperature sensing with different UL colors.
Association between serum uric acid and arterial stiffness in a large‐aged 40–70 years old population
Authors: Vallée Alexandre 
Published: June 2022

AbstractArterial stiffness (AS), measured by arterial stiffness index (ASI), is a determinant in cardiovascular (CV) diseases. A high serum uric acid (SUA) level is a known risk factor for CV disease. The authors investigated the relationship between SUA and ASI in the middle‐age UK Biobank population study. AS was defined as ASI > 10 m/s. A cross‐sectional study was conducted from 126 663 participants. Participants were divided into four quartiles according to SUA levels and sex. Sex multivariate analyses were performed with adjustment for confounding factors. The average ASI for overall participants was 9.3 m/s (SD: 2.9); 9.9 m/s (SD: 2.8) for men and 8.7 m/s (SD: 2.9) for women (P < .001). Men presented higher SUA rate (351.3 mmol/L (SD:67.9)) than women (270.7 mmol/L (SD:64.4)),P < .001. In men multivariate analysis, SUA remained a determinant of AS, with an increase in the strength of the association between the quartiles, Q4 versus Q1, OR = 1.10 [1.05–1.16],P < .001, Q3 versus Q1, OR = 1.09 [1.04–1.14],P < .001 but not between Q2 and Q1 (P = .136). In women, SUA remained significant for AS, with an increase in the strength of the association between the quartiles, Q4 versus Q1, OR = 1.22 [1.15–1.30],P < .001, Q3 versus Q1, OR = 1.13 [1.07–1.19],P < .001 and no difference between Q2 and Q1 (P = .101). When applying continuous SUA values in the multivariate analysis, SUA remained significant (P < .001), with a Youden index value for men = 338.3 mmol/L and for women = 267.3 mmol/L. High SUA levels were associated with AS, suggesting that SUA could be used as a predictor of atherosclerosis.
BRAF V600E protect from cell death via inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition in papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancers
Authors: Gao Yanyan , Zhang Deyu , Wang Fei , Zhang Dejiu , Li Peifeng , Wang Kun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBRAF T1799A mutation is the most common genetic variation in thyroid cancer, resulting in the production of BRAF V600E mutant protein reported to make cells resistant to apoptosis. However, the mechanism by which BRAF V600E regulates cell death remains unknown. We constructed BRAF V600E overexpression and knockdown 8505C and BCPAP papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancer cell to investigate regulatory mechanism of BRAF V600E in cell death induced by staurosporine (STS). Induced BRAF V600E expression attenuated STS‐induced papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancer death, while BRAF V600E knockdown aggravated it. TMRM and calcein‐AM staining showed that opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) during STS‐induced cell death could be significantly inhibited by BRAF V600E. Moreover, our study demonstrated that BRAF V600E constitutively activates mitochondrial ERK (mERK) to inhibit GSK‐3‐dependent CypD phosphorylation, thereby making BRAF V600E mutant tumour cells more resistant to mPTP opening. In the mitochondria of BRAF V600E mutant cells, there was an interaction between ERK1/2 and GSKa/ß, while upon BRAF V600E knockdown, interaction of GSKa/ß to ERK was decreased significantly. These results show that in thyroid cancer, BRAF V600E regulates the mitochondrial permeability transition through the pERK‐pGSK‐CypD pathway to resist death, providing new intervention targets for BRAF V600E mutant tumours.
Essential role of ascO for virulence of Aeromonas veronii and inducing apoptosis
Authors: Zhao Tong , Yang Bintong , Li Hongjin , Qian Aidong , Cong Wei , Sun Wuwen , Kang Yuanhuan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAeromonas veronii is a significant pathogen that is capable of infecting humans, animals, and aquatic animals. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is intimately associated with bacterial pathogenicity. The ascO gene is an important core component of T3SS in A. veronii, but its function is still unclear. The ascO gene of A. veronii TH0426 was deleted by using the pRE112 suicide plasmid to study its function. The study results showed that the ability of ∆ascO to adhere and invade EPC cells was significantly reduced by 1.28 times. The toxicity of the mutant strain ΔascO to EPC cells was consistently significantly lower than wild‐type strain TH0426 at 1, 2, and 4 h. The LD50 values of ∆ascO against zebrafish and Carassius auratus (C. auratus) were 53 and 15 times that of the wild‐type strain. In addition, the bacterial load of the mutant strain ΔascO in blood, heart, liver, and spleen was lower than wild‐type strain TH0426. The Hoechst staining showed that the apoptotic degree of EPC cells induced by the mutant strain ΔascO was lower than that of the wild‐type strain TH0426. Furthermore, real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) analysis revealed lower expression levels of pro‐apoptotic genes (including cytC, cas3, cas9, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β) in C. auratus tissues infected with the mutant strain ΔascO compared to the wild‐type strain TH0426. The results of in vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that ascO gene mutation can reduce the adhesion and toxicity of A. veronii to EPC and reduce the level of apoptosis induced by A. veronii. As a result, these insights will help further elucidate the function of the ascO gene and thus contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of A. veronii.
Policy experiments and financial regulation: Using laboratory methods to evaluate responses to the 2007–2009 financial crisis
Authors: Davis Douglas D. , Korenok Oleg 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper reviews an emerging experimental literature that uses laboratory methods to both identify causes of the 2007–2009 financial crisis, and to assess the effectiveness of policies implemented in response. Papers reviewed include experiments conducted to evaluate central bank and Treasury responses to the crisis, experiments that study the consequences of interconnectedness between financial firms on financial system stability, and experiments conducted to evaluate policies intended to more effectively regulate specific types of financial institutions. Laboratory methods are ideally suited to investigating the consequences of untested policies in new environmental circumstances – just the situation provoked by the crisis. The continually evolving structure of the financial system suggests an expanded future role for laboratory methods in this area.
Genomic analyses show extremely perilous conservation status of African and Asiatic cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)
Authors: Prost Stefan , Machado Ana Paula , Zumbroich Julia , Preier Lisa , Mahtani‐Williams Sarita , Meissner Rene , Guschanski Katerina , Brealey Jaelle C. , Fernandes Carlos Rodríguez , Vercammen Paul , Hunter Luke T. B. , Abramov Alexei V. , Plasil Martin , Horin Petr , Godsall‐Bottriell Lena , Bottriell Paul , Dalton Desire Lee , Kotze Antoinette , Burger Pamela Anna 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe live in a world characterized by biodiversity loss and global environmental change. The extinction of large carnivores can have ramifying effects on ecosystems like an uncontrolled increase in wild herbivores, which in turn can have knock‐on impacts on vegetation regeneration and communities. Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) serve important ecosystem functions as apex predators; yet, they are quickly heading towards an uncertain future. Threatened by habitat loss, human‐wildlife conflict and illegal trafficking, there are only approximately 7100 individuals remaining in nature. We present the most comprehensive genome‐wide analysis of cheetah phylogeography and conservation genomics to date, assembling samples from nearly the entire current and past species' range. We show that their phylogeography is more complex than previously thought, and that East African cheetahs (A. j. raineyi) are genetically distinct from Southern African individuals (A. j. jubatus), warranting their recognition as a distinct subspecies. We found strong genetic differentiation between all classically recognized subspecies, thus refuting earlier findings that cheetahs show only little differentiation. The strongest differentiation was observed between the Asiatic and all the African subspecies. We detected high inbreeding in the Critically Endangered Iranian (A. j. venaticus) and North‐western (A. j. hecki) subspecies, and show that overall cheetahs, along with snow leopards, have the lowest genome‐wide heterozygosity of all the big cats. This further emphasizes the cheetah's perilous conservation status. Our results provide novel and important information on cheetah phylogeography that can support evidence‐based conservation policy decisions to help protect this species. This is especially relevant in light of ongoing and proposed translocations across subspecies boundaries, and the increasing threats of illegal trafficking.
A zinc finger protein SlSZP1 protects SlSTOP1 from SlRAE1‐mediated degradation to modulate aluminum resistance
Authors: Zhang Lei , Dong Danhui , Wang Jinfang , Wang Zhirong , Zhang Jiaojiao , Bai Ru‐Yue , Wang Xuewei , Rubio Wilhelmi Maria Del Mar , Blumwald Eduardo , Zhang Na , Guo Yang‐Dong 
Published: June 2022

Summary

In acidic soils, aluminum (Al) toxicity is the main factor inhibiting plant root development and reducing crops yield. STOP1 (SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY 1) was a critical factor in detoxifying Al stress. Under Al stress, STOP1 expression was not induced, although STOP1 protein accumulated, even in the presence of RAE1 (STOP1 DEGRADATION E3‐LIGASE). How the Al stress triggers and stabilises the accumulation of STOP1 is still unknown.

Here, we characterised SlSTOP1‐interacting zinc finger protein (SlSZP1) using a yeast‐two‐hybrid screening, and generated slstop1, slszp1 and slstop1/slszp1 knockout mutants using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) in tomato.

SlSZP1 is induced by Al stress but it is not regulated by SlSTOP1. The slstop1, slszp1 and slstop1/slszp1 knockout mutants exhibited hypersensitivity to Al stress. The expression of SlSTOP1‐targeted genes, such as SlRAE1 and SlASR2 (ALUMINUM SENSITIVE), was inhibited in both slstop1 and slszp1 mutants, but not directly regulated by SlSZP1. Furthermore, the degradation of SlSTOP1 by SlRAE1 was prevented by SlSZP1. Al stress increased the accumulation of SlSTOP1 in wild‐type (WT) but not in slszp1 mutants. The overexpression of either SlSTOP1 or SlSZP1 did not enhance plant Al resistance.

Altogether, our results show that SlSZP1 is an important factor for protecting SlSTOP1 from SlRAE1‐mediated degradation.
Commercializing nonprofit organizations? Evidence from the Chinese nonprofit sector
Authors: Lu Jiahuan , Guan Shanshan , Dong Qiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe increasing reliance on commercial income in the nonprofit sector (“nonprofit commercialization”) in various countries has become a highly contested topic. In recent years, Chinese nonprofits have also paid growing attention to commercial activities and revenue. However, empirical studies on the commercialization of Chinese nonprofits are limited. This study conducts the first empirical research to examine the scope and antecedents of nonprofit commercialization in China. Through a nationwide survey of 336 service‐delivery nonprofits (private nonenterprise organizations), the study finds that Chinese nonprofits' overall level of commercialization is modest, but the level varies substantially by organization. Further, informed by resource dependence theory, institutional theory, and organizational ecology theory, the study finds that Chinese nonprofit commercialization is driven by resource insufficiency, government connections, and environmental munificence. These findings extend the literature on nonprofit commercialization with new empirical evidence from a non‐Western, authoritarian context.摘要在许多国家，非营利部门对商业收入的日益依赖已经成为一个备受争议的话题。近年来，中国的非营利组织也开始重视商业活动以及随之带来的服务收入。然而，关于中国非营利组织商业化的实证研究并不多见。本研究首次实证分析了中国非营利组织商业化的规模和驱动因素。根据对全国336家服务性非营利组织(民办非企业单位)的定量分析，本研究发现中国非营利组织的商业化水平总体上是适中的，但是不同组织间的商业化水平存在较大的差异。此外，结合资源依赖理论、制度理论和组织生态学理论，本研究发现，组织内部资源匮乏、一定程度的政治关联和丰沛的外部资源环境是中国非营利组织商业化主要的驱动因素。这些基于非西方、威权国家情境的经验证据拓展了非营利组织商业化的相关文献○
PM2.5 exposure and risk of lung adenocarcinoma in women of Taiwan: A case–control study with density sampling
Authors: Yang Szu‐Chun , Lin Fang‐Yu , Wu Tzu‐I , Wu Chih‐Da , Wang Jung‐Der 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe prevalence of smoking among women in Taiwan is <5%, but the incidence of lung cancer remains high. This study determined the association between PM2.5 (fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm) exposure and lung cancer among women in Taiwan.MethodsIn total, 21,301 female lung cancer cases nationwide were newly diagnosed between 2012 and 2017. Each case was age‐, sex‐ and calendar year‐matched with four controls randomly selected from the general population. Allowing a latent period of 5 years, we estimated the PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposures for each individual according to the residential changes from 2000. We adopted self‐reported smoking statuses for the cases, while those of controls were estimated using annual surveys in each residential county. We performed multiple logistic regression analyses to examine the associations between PM2.5 and NO2 exposures and incident lung cancer cases.ResultsThe ORs of lung adenocarcinoma for the third (30.5–35.1 μg/m3), fourth (35.1–39.3 μg/m3) and fifth PM2.5 exposure quintiles (39.3–48.1 μg/m3) relative to the first quintile were 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04–1.16), 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06–1.19) and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04–1.16), respectively, after adjusting for smoking, residence and comorbidities. A dose–response relationship (p = 0.004) was found. The associations persisted with a 10‐year latency and were not detected for small‐cell and squamous cell carcinoma after control for smoking. We did not observe a similar effect for NO2 exposure.ConclusionResidential PM2.5 exposure higher than 30 μg/m3 was associated with an increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma in women of Taiwan.