bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The NET G3 enigma: dealing with a “new” entity
Authors: Raderer Markus , Kiesewetter Barbara 
Published: October 2022

SummaryNeuroendocrine neoplasms of the gastroenteropancreatic system (GEP-NENs) have historically been graded into well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) G 1 and 2 and undifferentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) G3 according to the proliferative index Ki-67, with the latter being larger than 20% for G3 NENs. However, clinical and pathological findings have suggested G3 NENs to be heterogeneous, and the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification has further subdivided G3 NENs into NET G3 with differentiated features and a usually lower Ki-67 (20–55%) as opposed to undifferentiated NECs. Currently, however, no standard approach to patients with NET G3 has been defined. As opposed to NET G1/G2, application of somatostatin analogues is not recommended, and the response to platinum-based chemotherapy is inferior when compared to NEC. The objective of this short review is to summarize pathological characteristics as well as therapeutic data obtained in patients with NET G3.
Acceptance of Remote Assistive Robots with and without Human-in-the-Loop for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Nertinger Simone , Kirschner Robin Jeanne , Naceri Abdeldjallil , Haddadin Sami 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Assistive social robots aim to facilitate outpatient-care including required safety critical measures. Accepting a robot to perform such measures, e.g., operate in close physical interaction for medical examinations, requires human trust towards the robot. Human-in-the-loop (HIL) applications where the robot is teleoperated by a human expert can help the person to accept even risky tasks performed by a robot. Therefore, the assistive humanoid GARMI was designed to enable HIL applications with varying autonomy. In this study, we use GARMI to understand which tasks in the framework of care may be accepted depending on human socio-demographics and user beliefs as well as the level of robot autonomy. Firstly, we seek to understand the general acceptance of GARMI using the Almere questionnaire. Secondly, we ask adults to rate their willingness to use several functionalities of GARMI. Lastly, we investigate the effect of the introduction method of GARMI on user acceptance. We assemble all relevant factors on acceptance to provide direction in the user-centered design process of assistive robots. The results of 166 participants show that alongside others, trust towards the robot and utilitarian variables such as perceived usefulness are the most influencing factors on the acceptance of GARMI and should be considered for the design of robotic semi-autonomous outpatient-services.
InP/ZnS quantum dots synthesis and photovoltaic application
Authors: Pidluzhna Anna , Stakhira Pavlo , Baryshnikov Glib , Zavaraki Asghar Jamshidi , Ågren Hans 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the present paper hybrid core–shell InP/ZnS quantum dots were prepared by the one pot synthesis method which does not require additional component injections and which complies more with cost requirements. The synthesized quantum dots were characterized by X-ray diffraction and optical spectroscopy methods. The applicability of the synthesized InP/ZnS core–shell particles in inverted solar cells fabricated with a step-by-step procedure which combines thermal vacuum deposition and spin-coating techniques was investigated. The resulting efficiency of the fabricated inverted solar cell is comparable to that of quantum-dot sensitized TiO2 based solar cells. Therefore, hybrid core–shell InP/ZnS particles can be considered as multifunctional light-harvesting materials useful for implementation in different types of photovoltaic devices, such as quantum dot sensitized solar cells and inverted solar cells.
Using decision theory to understand preservice teachers’ implementations of mathematical modelling
Authors: Hansen Ragnhild 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, we aim to explain choices that groups of preservice teachers made to implement modelling tasks in primary school. We found that the preservice teachers decided to facilitate everyday-inspired contexts for the tasks and that this could be explained by their reasoning that modelling is supposed to be an activity close to reality. Essentially, the groups preferred two different approaches to introducing students to the tasks: (1) by inviting students to physically participate in situations related to their local communities that were familiar to them (e.g. trash picking), and (2) through pre-structured problems that were recognisable to students (e.g. estimation of the number of beads in an irregular box). We found evidence that the preservice teachers tended towards avoiding focusing on possible mathematical answers to the tasks. This could be explained by lacking experience with how to find approximate solutions, or that the preservice teachers were engaged in observing students’ solution strategies and mathematical behaviour.
Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde: Scholar of Law, Religion, and Democracy -
Discussed: Religion, Law, and Democracy: Selected Writings. By Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde. Edited by Mirjam Künkler and Tine Stein. Translated by Thomas Dunlap. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. 480. $65.00 (cloth); Oxford Scholarship Online by subscription (digital). ISBN: 9780198818632. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818632.001.0001.
Authors: Künkler Mirjam , Stein Tine 
Published: October 2022

AbstractErnst-Wolfgang Böckenförde (1930–2019) was one of Germany’s foremost postwar legal scholars. He coined or popularized key terms and ideas that have left their mark on postwar German political debate to an extent matched by only few, from the chain of legitimation to the concept of the constitution as an ordering frame, the importance of the idea of subsidiarity in the European Union’s political competency, and his insistence that society must continuously work toward agreement on the things that cannot be voted on: the ultimate agreements in society that lie beyond the ballot box. Böckenförde was a lifelong commentator on Catholic affairs in Germany and involved in several important inner-Catholic reform initiatives. At the age of thirty-one, he became known to a wider German public with an article that presented a critical historical appraisal of the role of the Catholic Church under National Socialism. While still a postdoc, he co-authored a widely publicized critique of Jesuit Gustav Gundlach’s justification on theological grounds of a war of nuclear deterrence. In 1968, he was the first to publish a German edition of De Libertate Religiosa, the final declaration of the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II), and provided an authoritative commentary.
Framing is a motivated process
Authors: Ainslie George 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Frames group choices into categories, thus modifying the incentives for them. This effect makes framing itself a motivated choice rather than a neutral cognition. In particular, framing an inferior choice with a high short-term payoff as part of a broad category of choices recruits incentive to reject it; but this must be motivated by its being a test case.
Frames, trade-offs, and perspectives
Authors: Weisel Ori , Zultan Ro'i 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Bermúdez argues for rational framing effects based on normatively appropriate quasi-cyclical preferences. We suggest that this argument conflates preferences over specific outcomes with preferences over outcome aspects. Instead of implying quasi-cyclical preferences, framing affects decisions through standard economic trade-offs. Nonetheless, we demonstrate that framing can affect behavior through altering perceptions of particular outcome aspects when framing effects are not decomposable.
Oxygen Variability in the Offshore Northern Benguela Upwelling System From Glider Data
Authors: Lovecchio Elisa , Henson Stephanie , Carvalho Filipa , Briggs Nathan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite their role in modulating the marine ecosystem, variability and drivers of low‐oxygen events in the offshore northern Benguela Upwelling System (BenUS) have been rarely investigated due to the events' episodicity which is difficult to resolve using shipboard measurements. We address this issue using 4 months of high‐resolution glider data collected between February and June 2018, 100 km offshore at 18°S. We find that oxygen (O2) concentrations in the offshore northern Benguela are determined by the subsurface alternation of low‐oxygen Angola‐derived water and oxygenated water from the south at 100–500 m depth. We observe intermittent hypoxia (O2 < 60 μmol kg−1) which occurs on average for ∼30% of the 4 months deployment and is driven by the time‐varying subsurface pulses of Angola‐derived tropical water. Hypoxic events are rather persistent at depths of 300–450 m, while they are more sporadic and have weekly duration at shallower depths (100–300 m). We find extreme values of hypoxia, with O2 minima of 16 μmol kg−1, associated with an anticyclonic eddy spinning from the undercurrent flowing on the BenUS shelf and showing no surface signature. Fine‐scale patchiness and water mass mixing are associated with cross‐frontal stirring by a large anticyclone recirculating tropical water into the northern BenUS. The dominance of physical drivers and their high variability on short time scales reveal a dynamic coupling between Angola and Benguela, calling for long‐term and high‐resolution measurements and studies focusing on future changes of both tropical O2 minima and lateral fluxes in this region.
The Wet Bias of RegCM4 Over Tibet Plateau in Summer Reduced by Adopting the 3D Sub‐Grid Terrain Solar Radiative Effect Parameterization Scheme
Authors: Gu Chunlei , Huang Anning , Zhang Yaocun , Yang Ben , Cai Shuxin , Xu Xiaoke , Luo Jiangxin , Wu Yang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Regional Climate Model Version 4 (RegCM4) with the conventional plane‐parallel radiative transfer scheme severely overestimates the summer precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) due to the excessive surface heat source, which results from the poor representation of the sub‐grid terrain‐related radiation processes. To realistically describe the surface sub‐grid radiation process in the RegCM4, a 3‐dimensional sub‐grid terrain solar radiative effect (3DSTSRE) parameterization scheme is implemented into the RegCM4 to improve the original plane‐parallel radiative transfer scheme. Results show that adopting the 3DSTSRE scheme in RegCM4 can significantly reduce the summer (June–August) wet bias over the TP produced by the model with the plane‐parallel radiative transfer scheme. Mechanism analysis indicates that the 3DSTSRE scheme largely improves the description of the TP surface energy balance in the RegCM4 by reducing the positive bias of downward surface solar radiation (DSSR). The reduced DSSR leads to the weakened surface heat source and cooler near‐surface air over the TP. Consequently, the local atmospheric circulation adapts to the temperature field as the low‐level anti‐cyclonic (high‐level cyclonic) anomaly over the TP. The adjustment of the temperature and wind field attenuates the water vapor transport, enhances the low‐level atmospheric stability, inhibits the updraft motion, and eventually reduces the rainfall over TP. Although the 3DSTSRE improves the DSSR simulation only during daytime, the precipitation simulation is also improved at nighttime, which is fundamentally attributed to the maintenance of the cooled atmosphere throughout the daytime and nighttime.
Unclonable human-invisible machine vision markers leveraging the omnidirectional chiral Bragg diffraction of cholesteric spherical reflectors
Authors: Agha Hakam , Geng Yong , Ma Xu , Avşar Deniz Işınsu , Kizhakidathazhath Rijeesh , Zhang Yan-Song , Tourani Ali , Bavle Hriday , Sanchez-Lopez Jose-Luis , Voos Holger , Schwartz Mathew , Lagerwall Jan P. F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe seemingly simple step of molding a cholesteric liquid crystal into spherical shape, yielding aCholesteric Spherical Reflector(CSR), has profound optical consequences that open a range of opportunities for potentially transformative technologies. The chiral Bragg diffraction resulting from the helical self-assembly of cholesterics becomes omnidirectional in CSRs. This turns them into selective retroreflectors that are exceptionally easy to distinguish—regardless of background—by simple and low-cost machine vision, while at the same time they can be made largely imperceptible to human vision. This allows them to be distributed in human-populated environments, laid out in the form of QR-code-like markers that help robots and Augmented Reality (AR) devices to operate reliably, and to identify items in their surroundings. At the scale of individual CSRs, unpredictable features within each marker turn them into Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), of great value for secure authentication. Via the machines reading them, CSR markers can thus act as trustworthy yet unobtrusive links between the physical world (buildings, vehicles, packaging,…) and its digital twin computer representation. This opens opportunities to address pressing challenges in logistics and supply chain management, recycling and the circular economy, sustainable construction of the built environment, and many other fields of individual, societal and commercial importance.
Sleep-related breathing disorder in non-infectious pulmonary complications after pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ukonmaanaho Elli-Maija , Kirjavainen Turkka , Martelius Laura , Lohi Jouko , Karikoski Riitta , Koskenvuo Minna , Taskinen Mervi 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Chronic lung problems are a rare but serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We studied clinical phenotypes and polysomnography appearance of breathing abnormality in late onset non-infectious pulmonary complications (NIPS).

Methods
We reviewed Finnish national reference database between the years 1999 and 2016. We identified 12 children with most severely decreased pulmonary function and performed polysomnography and 24 aged-matched controls out of 325 performed pediatric allogeneic HSCTs.

Results
All patients with NIPS had severely decreased pulmonary function already at 6 months post HSCT with median FEV1 value 42% (interquartile range (IQR) 30–52%) of predicted normal values. Seven children had obstructive and five children more restrictive lung function. Children with obstructive lung function showed laborious breathing (7/7), decreased oxygenation and ventilation-to-perfusion mismatch (6/7), or REM-sleep-related hypoventilation (4/7) on polysomnography. Children with restrictive lung function (5/12) did not show sleep-related breathing disorder.

Conclusions
Children going through allogeneic HSCT who develop severe chronic obstructive lung function are more likely to present with sleep-related hypoxia and hypoventilation than children with restrictive lung function.

Impact

Children with severe obstructive lung function and chronic lung graft-versus-host disease following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are more likely to present with sleep-related mild hypoxia and hypoventilation than children with restrictive lung disease.

To our knowledge there are no reports on sleep-related breathing disorders and ventilatory function measured by polysomnography in children with pulmonary complications after allogeneic HSCT.

Polysomnography may add to the differential diagnostics between patients with BOS and other non-infectious pulmonary complications.
Prevalence and factors related to hypouricemia and hyperuricemia in schoolchildren: results of a large-scale cross-sectional population-based study conducted in Japan
Authors: Aoki Yuhei , Sofue Tadashi , Kawakami Ryo , Ozaki Takashi , Manabe Masahiro , Kanda Kanae , Yoda Takeshi , Kusaka Takashi , Hirao Tomohiro , Minamino Tetsuo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHypouricemia in children including renal hypouricemia, which is a major cause of exercise-induced acute renal injury (EIAKI), is an important clinical problem, in addition to hyperuricemia. However, no large-scale studies of serum uric acid (UA) concentrations in the general pre-adolescent population have been carried out. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study to measure the prevalences of hypouricemia and hyperuricemia and identify the associated factors. We analyzed 31,822 (16,205 boys and 15,617 girls) 9–10-year-old children who underwent pediatric health check-ups in Kagawa prefecture between 2014 and 2018. Hypouricemia and hyperuricemia were defined using serum UA concentrations of ≤ 2.0 mg/dL and ≥ 6.0 mg/dL, respectively. The prevalence of hypouricemia was 0.38% in both 9- and 10-year-old boys and girls, and was not significantly associated with age, sex, or environmental factors, including overweight. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was significantly higher in boys (2.7%) than in girls (1.9%), and was significantly associated with age, overweight, future diabetes risk, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and liver damage, but not with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Therefore, some pre-adolescent children in the general population in Japan showed hypouricemia. A means of identifying children with hypouricemia and lifestyle guidance measures for the prevention of EIAKI should be established.
The autophagy inducer SMER28 attenuates microtubule dynamics mediating neuroprotection
Authors: Kirchenwitz Marco , Stahnke Stephanie , Grunau Kyra , Melcher Lars , van Ham Marco , Rottner Klemens , Steffen Anika , Stradal Theresia E. B. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSMER28 originated from a screen for small molecules that act as modulators of autophagy. SMER28 enhanced the clearance of autophagic substrates such as mutant huntingtin, which was additive to rapamycin-induced autophagy. Thus, SMER28 was established as a positive regulator of autophagy acting independently of the mTOR pathway, increasing autophagosome biosynthesis and attenuating mutant huntingtin-fragment toxicity in cellular- and fruit fly disease models, suggesting therapeutic potential. Despite many previous studies, molecular mechanisms mediating SMER28 activities and its direct targets have remained elusive. Here we analyzed the effects of SMER28 on cells and found that aside from autophagy induction, it significantly stabilizes microtubules and decelerates microtubule dynamics. Moreover, we report that SMER28 displays neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects at the cellular level by inducing neurite outgrowth and protecting from excitotoxin-induced axon degeneration. Finally, we compare the effects of SMER28 with other autophagy-inducing or microtubule-stabilizing drugs: whereas SMER28 and rapamycin both induce autophagy, the latter does not stabilize microtubules, and whereas both SMER28 and epothilone B stabilize microtubules, epothilone B does not stimulate autophagy. Thus, the effect of SMER28 on cells in general and neurons in particular is based on its unique spectrum of bioactivities distinct from other known microtubule-stabilizing or autophagy-inducing drugs.
Common resistance mechanisms are deployed by plants against sap-feeding herbivorous insects: insights from a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Leybourne D. J. , Aradottir G. I. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite their abundance and economic importance, the mechanism of plant resistance to sap-feeding insects remains poorly understood. Here we deploy meta-analysis and data synthesis methods to evaluate the results from electrophysiological studies describing feeding behaviour experiments where resistance mechanisms were identified, focussing on studies describing host-plant resistance and non-host resistance mechanisms. Data were extracted from 108 studies, comprising 41 insect species across eight insect taxa and 12 host-plant families representing over 30 species. Results demonstrate that mechanisms deployed by resistant plants have common consequences on the feeding behaviour of diverse insect groups. We show that insects feeding on resistant plants take longer to establish a feeding site and have their feeding duration suppressed two-fold compared with insects feeding on susceptible plants. Our results reveal that traits contributing towards resistant phenotypes are conserved across plant families, deployed against taxonomically diverse insect groups, and that the underlying resistance mechanisms are conserved. These findings provide a new insight into plant–insect interaction and highlight the need for further mechanistic studies across diverse taxa.
Energy threshold changes in volcanic activity at Mt. Etna (Italy) inferred from volcanic tremor
Authors: Langer Horst , Falsaperla Susanna , Spampinato Salvatore , Messina Alfio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFrom the 2010s on, pattern classification has proven an effective method for flagging alerts of volcano unrest before eruptive activity at Mt. Etna, Italy. The analysis has been applied online to volcanic tremor data, and has supported the surveillance activity of the volcano that provides timely information to Civil Protection and other authorities. However, after declaring an alert, no one knows how long the volcano unrest will last and if a climactic eruptive activity will actually begin. These are critical aspects when considering the effects of a prolonged state of alert. An example of longstanding unrest is related to the Christmas Eve eruption in 2018, which was heralded by several months of almost continuous Strombolian activity. Here, we discuss the usage of thresholds to detect conditions leading to paroxysmal activity, and the challenges associated with defining such thresholds, leveraging a dataset of 52 episodes of lava fountains occurring in 2021. We were able to identify conservative settings regarding the thresholds, allowing for an early warning of impending paroxysm in almost all cases (circa 85% for the first 4 months in 2021, and over 90% for the whole year). The chosen thresholds also proved useful to predict that a paroxysmal activity was about to end. Such information provides reliable numbers for volcanologists for their assessments, based on visual information, which may not be available in bad weather or cloudy conditions.
Changes in projectile design and size of prey reveal the central role of Fishtail points in megafauna hunting in South America
Authors: Prates Luciano , Rivero Diego , Perez S. Ivan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFishtail projectile points are the earliest widespread projectile type in South America, and share chronology and techno-morphology with Clovis, the oldest North American projectile type. Both were temporally associated with late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions. Although the elusive direct evidence of human exploitation of megafauna in South America had kept Fishtails out of the extinction debate, a recent paper showed a strong relationship between the temporal density and spatial distribution of megafauna and Fishtail projectile points, and proposed that this weapon was designed and used for megafauna hunting, contributing to their extinction. If so, this technology must be distinctly different from post-FPP technologies (i.e., early Holocene projectile points), used for hunting smaller prey, in terms of distribution and functional properties. In this paper, we explore the changes in projectile point technology, as well as the body mass of potential megafaunal prey, and show that Fishtails were strongly related to the largest extinct megafaunal species.