bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How vulnerable are small firms to energy price increases? Evidence from Mexico
Authors: Greve Hannes , Lay Jann , Negrete Ana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe vulnerability of small firms to price shocks may partly explain why fossil fuel subsidy removals in developing countries are so difficult to implement. This paper analyzes the effects of fuel and electricity price increases on profits of micro- and small-sized enterprises in Mexico. Using representative cross-sectional data, simulations of profit losses hint at potentially large short-term effects. First-order profit losses of a 1 per cent price increase are 0.2 per cent for fuels and 0.07 per cent for electricity, but are higher than 1 per cent for fuels in the transport sector. These effects are larger for formal than for informal firms, with energy-using low-profit firms being most vulnerable. Second-order impacts – predicted using estimated input-demand elasticities – indicate that firms react to price shocks by substituting labor for energy, while the self-employed appear to increase their own labor input. Reduced-form regressions show that some firms pass on higher fuel costs to customers.
A surface deformation measurement algorithm for reflector antennas based on complex geometrical optics
Authors: Wang Boyang , Ye Qian , Fu Li , Meng Guoxiang , Liu Qinghui , Shen Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a new method to reveal the relation between the surface deformation and near-field amplitude of a reflector antenna based on complex geometrical optics, which could be used as an efficient way to estimate the antenna surface verified by simulation results. The measurement process based on this method is envisaged to be realized by a single scanning of the near-field amplitude which would overcome many limitations of radio holography and phase retrieval methods such as the frequency and elevation. The largest source of error in the original deformation-amplitude equation (DAE) has been corrected by considering the Gaussian feed as a complex point source. To track the ray trajectory so that the improved DAE could be solved, an iteration method including a golden section search algorithm is designed to make the solution converge. By solving the modified DAE, simulation result shows that a more accurate solution could be obtained, and the antenna surface could be recovered to a root mean square error of under 30 microns.
Weed management in rainfed lowland rice ecology in Nigeria – challenges and opportunities
Authors: Alagbo Oyebanji O. , Akinyemiju Oluyemisi A. , Chauhan Bhagirath S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDeveloping an effective weed management strategy is crucial to sustainable rice production in Nigeria. Rainfed lowland ecology contributes significantly to the volume of rice cultivated in terms of yield and land acreage. Nevertheless, increased weed infestation remains one of the major production constraints. This review highlights the strength and weaknesses of weed management practices in rainfed lowland ecology and research gaps, and examines the potential for developing a sustainable weed management strategy for lowland rice. In this review, a rainfed lowland situation is described (where water is limited) to engage flooding as a potential weed control option, due to the undulating land terrains. Effective weed management begins with creating a weed-free environment at the critical crop growth stages, such that broadcasted or transplanted rice seedlings can efficiently use water, nutrients, and light. Sustainable weed management practices in Nigerian lowland ecology would therefore imply that farmers begin to incorporate crop rotation to suppress problem weeds in continuous rice cropping systems; adopt conventional or minimum tillage to enhance herbicide efficacy and early establishment of rice; adopt weed-competitive and high-yielding cultivars; and practice appropriate spacing, seeding rate, and seeding methods that can support easy adoption of mechanical weeders and optimum plant population to suppress weed pressure at a later growth stage. This is feasible where farmers are supported with infrastructure, farm machinery, and other necessary inputs. Future research should engage lowland rice farmers in specific agroecological zones.
Resistance of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to S-metolachlor in the midsouthern United States
Authors: Kouame Koffi Badou Jeremie , Bertucci Matthew B. , Savin Mary C. , Bararpour Taghi , Steckel Lawrence E. , Butts Thomas R. , Willett Cammy D. , Machado Fellipe G. , Roma-Burgos Nilda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPalmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) is one of the most problematic weeds in many cropping systems in the midsouthern United States because of its multiple weedy traits and its propensity to evolve resistance to many herbicides with different mechanisms of action. In Arkansas, A. palmeri has evolved metabolic resistance to S-metolachlor, compromising the effectiveness of an important weed management tool. Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the differential response of A. palmeri accessions from three states (Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee) to (1) assess the occurrence of resistance to S-metolachlor among A. palmeri populations, (2) evaluate the resistance level in selected accessions and their resistant progeny, (3) and determine the susceptibility of most resistant accessions to other soil-applied herbicides. Seeds were collected from 168 crop fields between 2017 and 2019. One hundred seeds per accession were planted in silt loam soil without herbicide for >20 yr and sprayed with the labeled rate of S-metolachlor (1,120 g ai ha−1). Six accessions (four from Arkansas and two from Mississippi) were classified resistant to S-metolachlor. The effective doses (LD50) to control the parent accessions ranged between 73 and 443 g ha−1, and those of F1 progeny of survivors were 73 to 577 g ha−1. The resistance level was generally greater among progeny of surviving plants than among resistant field populations. The resistant field populations required 2.2 to 7.0 times more S-metolachlor to reduce seedling emergence 50%, while the F1 of survivors needed up to 9.2 times more herbicide to reduce emergence 50% compared with the susceptible standard.
Merkmale und Perspektiven der (psycho–)‌therapeutischen Behandlung im Justizvollzug
Authors: Moosburner Maeve , Etzler Sonja , Rettenberger Martin 
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Sozialtherapeutische Einrichtungen des Justizvollzugs (SothEn) dienen der Behandlung von (Sexual‐ und Gewalt–)‌Straftätern, um deren Rückfallrisiko nachhaltig zu reduzieren. Fragestellung und Methode: Die vorliegende Studie erfasste unterschiedliche Merkmale der gesprächsbasierten therapeutischen Behandlung in allen 71 SothEn in Deutschland. Gesprächsbasierte Behandlung wurde dabei definiert als durch Gespräche vermittelte Behandlung, die auf eine Besserung der psychischen Gesundheit sowie auf eine Reduktion des Rückfallrisikos abzielt. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen: Aus der Sicht der befragten Einrichtungen wird die Wirksamkeit der gesprächsbasierten Behandlung durch eine hohe Fluktuation des Personals, mangelnde Qualifikationsmöglichkeiten sowie die eingeschränkte Autonomie der Behandlungseinrichtung von der Gesamtanstalt eingeschränkt. Die Wirksamkeit der Behandlung ließe sich demnach durch einen gezielten Ausbau empirisch abgesicherter therapeutischer Maßnahmen sowie durch erhöhte Ressourcen und Alltagsnähe für Lockerungen, Übergang und Nachsorge steigern.
Contributions of Different Sea‐Level Processes to High‐Tide Flooding Along the U.S. Coastline
Authors: Li S. , Wahl T. , Barroso A. , Coats S. , Dangendorf S. , Piecuch C. , Sun Q. , Thompson P. , Liu L. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCoastal communities across the United States (U.S.) are experiencing an increase in the frequency of high‐tide flooding (HTF). This increase is mainly due to sea‐level rise (SLR), but other factors such as intra‐ to inter‐annual mean sea level variability, tidal anomalies, and non‐tidal residuals also contribute to HTF events. Here we introduce a novel decomposition approach to develop and then analyze a new database of different sea‐level components. Those components represent processes that act on various timescales to contribute to HTF along the U.S. coastline. We find that the relative importance of components to HTF events strongly varies in space and time. Tidal anomalies contribute the most along the west and northeast coasts, where HTF events mostly occur in winter. Non‐tidal residuals are most important along the Gulf of Mexico and mid‐Atlantic coasts, where HTF events mostly occur in fall. We also quantify the minimum number of components that were required to cause HTF events in the past and how this number changed over time. The results highlight that at present, due to SLR, fewer components are needed to combine to push water levels above HTF thresholds, but tidal anomalies alone are still not sufficient to reach HTF thresholds in most locations. Finally, we explore how co‐variability between different components leads to compounding effects. In some places, positive correlation between sea‐level components leads to significantly more HTF events than would be expected if sea‐level components were uncorrelated, whereas in other places negative correlation leads to fewer HTF events.
Statistical Study of Favorable Foreshock Ion Properties for the Formation of Hot Flow Anomalies and Foreshock Bubbles
Authors: Liu Terry Z. , Zhang Hui , Turner Drew , Vu Andrew , Angelopoulos Vassilis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHot flow anomalies (HFAs) and foreshock bubbles (FBs) are frequently observed in Earth's foreshock, which can significantly disturb the bow shock and therefore the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system and can accelerate particles. Previous statistical studies have identified the solar wind conditions (high solar wind speed and high Mach number, etc.) that favor their generation. However, backstreaming foreshock ions are expected to most directly control how HFAs and FBs form, whereas the solar wind may partake in the formation process indirectly by determining foreshock ion properties. Using Magnetospheric Multiscale mission and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms mission, we perform a statistical study of foreshock ion properties around 275 HFAs and FBs. We show that foreshock ions with a high foreshock‐to‐solar wind density ratio (>∼3%), high kinetic energy (>∼600 eV), large ratio of kinetic energy to thermal energy (>∼0.1), and large ratio of perpendicular temperature to parallel temperature (>∼1.4) favor HFA and FB formation. We also examine how these properties are related to solar wind conditions: high solar wind speed and oblique bow shock (angle between the interplanetary magnetic field and the bow shock normal ) favor high kinetic energy of foreshock ions; foreshock ions have large ratio of kinetic energy to thermal energy at large (>30°); small (<30°), high Mach number, and closeness to the bow shock favor a high foreshock‐to‐solar wind density ratio. Our results provide further understanding of HFA and FB formation.
An Analysis of the Aerosol Lifecycle Over India: COALESCE Intercomparison of Three General Circulation Models
Authors: Bhattacharya Anwesa , Venkataraman Chandra , Sarkar Tanmay , Sharma Amit Kumar , Sharma Arushi , Anand S. , Ganguly Dilip , Bhawar Rohini , Dey Sagnik , Ghosh Sudipta 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAtmospheric aerosols or atmospheric particulate matter affects climate variables like temperature and rainfall, agricultural productivity, soil, and human health. We evaluated aerosol lifecycle over India via simulations (2005–2014) from three general circulation models under the COALESCE project (carbonaceous aerosol emissions, source apportionment, and climate impacts; Venkataraman et al., 2020, 10.1175/bams‐d‐19‐0030.1). The ECHAM6.3‐HAM2.3, CAM5.3, and NICAM‐SPRINTARS simulations use identical regional emissions (from the Speciated Multi‐pollutant generator, SMoG‐India‐v1). Satisfactory model simulations of meteorological variable magnitudes and seasonal cycle have been achieved partly from the adoption of nudging. Estimations of anthropogenic aerosol, aerosol optical depth (AOD), and particulate matter surface concentrations are significantly improved from (a) dust tuning (b) use of satellite‐derived organic aerosol to carbon ratio, and (c) nudged meteorology to capture variables influencing the production of secondary sulfate. Larger wintertime under prediction (−30% to −60%) results from over prediction of seasonal planetary boundary layer height and the absence of secondary ammonium nitrate and organic aerosols. Vertical dispersion to higher altitudes than in observations calls for improved modeling of vertical mass flux representation. Carbonaceous aerosol residence time and AOD fraction larger than global mean values in India, with a seasonal predominance in the autumn and winter seasons can be explained by enhanced regional emissions from residential biofuel cooking, agricultural stubble burning, and traditional informal industries like brick production.
New Constraints on Assemblage‐Driven Variation in the Relationship Amongst Diatom‐Bound, Biomass, and Nitrate Nitrogen Isotope Values
Authors: Jones C. A. , Closset I. , Riesselman C. R. , Kelly R. P. , Brzezinski M. A. , Robinson R. S. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTracking variations in the surface ocean supply and demand of nitrate, a key marine nutrient, can help constrain the contribution of biological production in driving past climate shifts. The nitrogen isotopic composition (as δ15N) of organic matter in marine sediments is a proxy for surface ocean nitrate supply and demand over time, but it may be subject to alteration during sinking and burial. The isotopic composition of nitrogen occluded in the opal shells, or frustules, of diatoms (δ15NDB) is protected and is, therefore, a potentially more robust tracer of nitrate use in the past. Here, we show that δ15NDB in Southern Ocean growout cultures of natural communities does not depend on species composition. We found that the εDB (= biomass δ15N–δ15NDB) of the community growouts was −4.8 ± 0.8‰, more than 10‰ different from previous monospecific growouts, but statistically indistinguishable from previous Southern Ocean and North Pacific surface ocean observations. The two community growouts, seeded with populations from ∼66° to ∼61°S, had distinct community compositions, but indistinguishable εDB, suggesting that species composition does not primarily set δ15NDB values, at least in Antarctic and Polar Frontal Zones of the Southern Ocean. Our results demonstrate that under nitrate‐replete conditions, δ15NDB values of frustules sinking from the surface ocean robustly track surface ocean nitrate δ15N values, and therefore nitrate supply and demand.
A New Model for Nowcasting the Aviation Radiation Environment With Comparisons to In Situ Measurements During GLEs
Authors: Hands A. D. P. , Lei F. , Davis C. S. , Clewer B. J. , Dyer C. S. , Ryden K. A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSignificant increases to the atmospheric radiation environment are recorded by a network of ground level neutron monitors as ground level enhancements (GLEs). These space weather phenomena pose a risk to aviation via single event effects in aircraft electronics and ionizing dose to passengers and crew. Under the UK Space Weather Instrumentation, Measurement, Modeling and Risk programme, we have developed a new model to provide nowcasts of the aviation radiation environment, including both the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) background and during GLE events. The Model for Atmospheric Ionising Radiation Effects (MAIRE+) uses multiple data sources to characterize primary GCR and GLE particle spectra and combines these with precalculated geomagnetic and atmospheric response matrices to predict particle fluxes from ground level to 20 km altitude across the entire globe. Two European neutron monitors (located at Oulu in Finland and Dourbes in Belgium) are used as the primary indicators of GLE intensity in order to maximize accuracy over UK airspace. Outputs from MAIRE+ for the historical GLEs in September and October 1989 are compared to recalibrated empirical data from a solid‐state detector that was carried on Concorde in that period. The model will be hosted in the UK and will provide additional capability to the Met Office Space Weather Operations Center (MOSWOC).
Histone demethylase JMJD3 downregulation protects against aberrant force-induced osteoarthritis through epigenetic control of NR4A1
Authors: Jin Yu , Liu Zhen , Li Zhenxia , Li Hairui , Zhu Cheng , Li Ruomei , Zhou Ting , Fang Bing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disease with no effective treatment strategies. Aberrant mechanical stimuli was demonstrated to be an essential factor for OA pathogenesis. Although multiple studies have detected potential regulatory mechanisms underlying OA and have concentrated on developing novel treatment strategies, the epigenetic control of OA remains unclear. Histone demethylase JMJD3 has been reported to mediate multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis. However, the regulation of JMJD3 in aberrant force-related OA and its mediatory effect on disease progression are still unknown. In this work, we confirmed the upregulation of JMJD3 in aberrant force-induced cartilage injury in vitro and in vivo. Functionally, inhibition of JMJD3 by its inhibitor, GSK-J4, or downregulation of JMJD3 by adenovirus infection of sh-JMJD3 could alleviate the aberrant force-induced chondrocyte injury. Mechanistic investigation illustrated that aberrant force induces JMJD3 expression and then demethylates H3K27me3 at the NR4A1 promoter to promote its expression. Further experiments indicated that NR4A1 can regulate chondrocyte apoptosis, cartilage degeneration, extracellular matrix degradation, and inflammatory responses. In vivo, anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) was performed to construct an OA model, and the therapeutic effect of GSK-J4 was validated. More importantly, we adopted a peptide-siRNA nanoplatform to deliver si-JMJD3 into articular cartilage, and the severity of joint degeneration was remarkably mitigated. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that JMJD3 is flow-responsive and epigenetically regulates OA progression. Our work provides evidences for JMJD3 inhibition as an innovative epigenetic therapy approach for joint diseases by utilizing p5RHH-siRNA nanocomplexes.
TM4SF1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis by interacting with integrin α6
Authors: Hou Sicong , Hao Xin , Li Jiajia , Weng Siwei , Wang Jiaxin , Zhao Tiantian , Li Wenqian , Hu Xiaolin , Deng Bing , Gu Jianguo , Hang Qinglei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTransmembrane-4 L-six family member-1 (TM4SF1) is a member of the L6 family and functions as a signal transducer to regulate tumor cell behaviors. However, the function and mechanism of TM4SF1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) metastasis remains unclear. Here, we find that TM4SF1 expression is increased and positively correlated with clinical TNM stage, N classification, differentiation, tumor size, and poor prognosis in ESCC patients. Interestingly, we demonstrate that TM4SF1 promotes ESCC cell adhesion, spreading, migration, and invasion, but not cell proliferation, in a laminin-dependent manner by interacting with integrin α6. Mechanistically, the TM4SF1/integrin α6/FAK axis signal pathway mediates cell migration under laminin-coating condition. Inhibiting FAK or knocking down TM4SF1 can attenuate TM4SF1-mediated cell migration and lung metastasis. Clinically, the TM4SF1/integrin α6/FAK axis positively correlates with ESCC. Altogether, these findings reveal a new mechanism of TM4SF1 in promoting ESCC metastasis via binding to integrin α6 and suggest that the cross-talk between TM4SF1 and integrin α6 may serve as a therapeutic target for ESCC.
Equilibrated evolution of the mixed auto-/allopolyploid haplotype-resolved genome of the invasive hexaploid Prussian carp
Authors: Kuhl Heiner , Du Kang , Schartl Manfred , Kalous Lukáš , Stöck Matthias , Lamatsch Dunja K. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUnderstanding genome evolution of polyploids requires dissection of their often highly similar subgenomes and haplotypes. Polyploid animal genome assemblies so far restricted homologous chromosomes to a ‘collapsed’ representation. Here, we sequenced the genome of the asexual Prussian carp, which is a close relative of the goldfish, and present a haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale assembly of a hexaploid animal. Genome-wide comparisons of the 150 chromosomes with those of two ancestral diploid cyprinids and the allotetraploid goldfish and common carp revealed the genomic structure, phylogeny and genome duplication history of its genome. It consists of 25 syntenic, homeologous chromosome groups and evolved by a recent autoploid addition to an allotetraploid ancestor. We show that de-polyploidization of the alloploid subgenomes on the individual gene level occurred in an equilibrated fashion. Analysis of the highly conserved actinopterygian gene set uncovered a subgenome dominance in duplicate gene loss of one ancestral chromosome set.
Natural Killer cells demonstrate distinct eQTL and transcriptome-wide disease associations, highlighting their role in autoimmunity
Authors: Gilchrist James J. , Makino Seiko , Naranbhai Vivek , Sharma Piyush K. , Koturan Surya , Tong Orion , Taylor Chelsea A. , Watson Robert A. , de los Aires Alba Verge , Cooper Rosalin , Lau Evelyn , Danielli Sara , Hameiri-Bowen Dan , Lee Wanseon , Ng Esther , Whalley Justin , Knight Julian C. , Fairfax Benjamin P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNatural Killer cells are innate lymphocytes with central roles in immunosurveillance and are implicated in autoimmune pathogenesis. The degree to which regulatory variants affect Natural Killer cell gene expression is poorly understood. Here we perform expression quantitative trait locus mapping of negatively selected Natural Killer cells from a population of healthy Europeans (n = 245). We find a significant subset of genes demonstrate expression quantitative trait loci specific to Natural Killer cells and these are highly informative of human disease, in particular autoimmunity. A Natural Killer cell transcriptome-wide association study across five common autoimmune diseases identifies further novel associations at 27 genes. In addition to these cis observations, we find novel master-regulatory regions impacting expression of trans gene networks at regions including 19q13.4, the Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor region, GNLY, MC1R and UVSSA. Our findings provide new insights into the unique biology of Natural Killer cells, demonstrating markedly different expression quantitative trait loci from other immune cells, with implications for disease mechanisms.