bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjunctive azithromycin prophylaxis protects women from uterine cesarean scar defect: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Huang Ding , Chen Sha , Cai Yanqing , Shi Liye , Shi Yiru , Zeng Min , Cheng Weiwei , Zhang Jian , Pan Hongjie 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionCesarean scar defect (CSD) is a long‐term outcome of cesarean section (CS) and associated with numerous gynecological and obstetric problems. Previous studies indicate that infection may be a risk factor for CSD. Adjunctive azithromycin was shown to reduce the risk of postoperative infection in patients undergoing non‐elective primary cesarean delivery in labor or after the rupture of membranes compared with standard antibiotic prophylaxis. This study investigated the protective effect of adjunctive azithromycin in combination with single‐dose cephalosporin against CSD in women undergoing non‐elective cesarean delivery.Material and methodsA randomized, double‐blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted in a University hospital in Shanghai, China. A total of 242 women who underwent their first non‐elective CS were randomly assigned to receive 1500 mg cefuroxime sodium plus 500 mg intravenous azithromycin (n = 121; experimental group) or 1500 mg cefuroxime sodium plus a placebo (n = 121; placebo group). The primary outcome was CSD prevalence, as determined by transvaginal ultrasound and saline infusion sonohysterography within 6 months of delivery. Secondary outcomes were changes in infectious indicators (eg hypersensitive C‐reactive protein and procalcitonin), postoperative morbidity, and use of postoperative antibiotics. We also examined the operative procedure, pathogenic microorganism cultures, and fetal outcomes. Outcomes were compared between groups with the chi‐squared test, Fisher's exact test, or Student's t test.ResultsBetween May 2018 and May 2021, 121 women were randomized to each arm. Because the sonographic follow up was disrupted by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and strict management policies, we merged the follow‐up time points (6 weeks and 6 months) into a single time period (6 weeks to 6 months); 104 and 108 women in the experimental and placebo groups, respectively, completed the first sonographic follow up. CSD was diagnosed by sonography in 34/104 (32.7%) and 50/108 (46.3%) patients in the experimental and placebo groups, respectively (relative risk 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.50–0.99; p = 0.043). Characteristics of CSD and short‐term infection outcomes did not differ between groups.ConclusionsA single dose of intravenous 500 mg azithromycin adjunctive to single‐dose cefuroxime prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of CSD in women undergoing non‐elective CS.
Clinical trial: a single‐centre, randomised, controlled trial of tradipitant on satiation, gastric functions, and serum drug levels in healthy volunteers
Authors: Khanna Lehar , Zheng Ting , Atieh Jessica , Torres Monique , Busciglio Irene , Carlin Jesse L. , Xiao Michael , Harmsen William S. , Camilleri Michael 
Published: May 2022

SummaryBackgroundTradipitant, an NK1 receptor antagonist, improved symptoms in patients with gastroparesis. It is unclear whether these effects are mediated centrally (e.g., vomiting centre) or on gastric functions. As a class, NK1 antagonists may retard gastric emptying (GE) or increase fasting and postprandial gastric volumes (GV).AimTo evaluate the effects of tradipitant relative to placebo on gastric motor functions, satiation, postprandial symptoms, and pharmacokinetics.MethodsWe conducted a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐centre study of tradipitant 85 mg or matching placebo b.i.d. for 9 consecutive days in 24 healthy volunteers. During the last 2 days of treatment, participants underwent scintigraphic measurements of GE of 320 kcal egg meal, fasting and postprandial GV by SPECT, and satiation by nutrient drink ingested to maximum tolerated volume (MTV) and symptoms 30 min later. Treatments were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test. The study had 80% power to detect group differences of 23.6% in GV and 29.2% in GE T1/2.ResultsThe two groups of healthy participants were well balanced based on demographic features, age, and BMI. There were nonsignificant positive correlations between blood levels of tradipitant and accommodation GV and GE at 4 h. There were no significant effects of tradipitant, 85 mg b.i.d. for 9 days compared to placebo on GE, GV, satiation, or symptoms 30 min after MTV.ConclusionTradipitant, 85 mg b.i.d., does not significantly affect gastric motor functions (GV or GE). Importantly, there was no retardation of GE by tradipitant, which is important in relation to its potential use in patients with gastroparesis.Clinic trials registryClinicalTrials.gov #NCT04849559.
Variable thermal histories across the Pyrenees orogen recorded in modern river sand detrital geo‐/thermochronology and PECUBE thermokinematic modelling
Authors: Capaldi Tomas N. , Odlum Margaret L. , Curry Magdalena Ellis , Stockli Daniel F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Pyrenees Mountains are a classic example of a doubly‐verging collisional orogenic system with flanking retro‐ and pro‐foreland basin systems. Previous bedrock and detrital geo‐/thermochronologic studies have observed magmatic and exhumation‐related ages that reflect a complex thermo‐tectonic evolution of the European and Iberian plate margins related to break‐up and assembly of the Gondwana, Pangea and Pyrenean‐Alpine orogenic cycles. This study integrates detrital zircon, rutile and apatite U‐Pb dating and, detrital zircon and apatite (U‐Th)/He dating from modern river sands from the northern and southern Pyrenees, with PECUBE thermokinematic modelling of bedrock cooling ages to simulate detrital age distributions in order to evaluate: (1) regional patterns in long‐term crustal processes associated with pre‐Pyrenean crustal shortening, crustal thinning and magmatism along the Iberian and European plate margin; (2) timing of regional cooling and inferred erosion related to Pyrenean orogenesis; and (3) the exhumation processes associated with post‐orogenic decay and erosion. Modern river multimineral detrital geo‐/thermochronometry results are consistent with previous bedrock thermal history models and records punctuated Variscan and Pyrenean cooling events in the pro‐wedge that contrasts with protracted Permian to Pliocene thermal history preserved in the retro‐wedge of the orogen. Detrital age distributions from PECUBE modelling predict the Pyrenean age component in both detrital apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He age distributions, indicating the modelled exhumation patterns in the Axial Zone and Northern Pyrenean Zone can predict observed Pyrenean thermochronology ages. The presence of strong Pyrenean age peaks amongst the modern river sand and modelled detrital cooling age distributions suggests retro‐wedge deformation and exhumation remained active during the main phase of pro‐wedge activity and experienced significant orogenic decay. Isolated Miocene apatite He ages from the North Pyrenees modern river record post‐orogenic cooling, due to tectonic mode switch to extension and (or) climate‐driven enhanced exhumation.
TIFA promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation in an RSK‐ and PRAS40‐dependent manner
Authors: Shen Wenzhi , Du Wenfei , Li Yanping , Huang Yongming , Jiang Xinyu , Yang Chenglong , Tang Jiaping , Liu Huan , Luo Na , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Zhang Zhixin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have reported that TIFA plays different roles in various tumor types. However, the function of TIFA in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Here, we showed that the expression of TIFA was markedly increased in CRC versus normal tissue, and positively correlated with CRC TNM stages. In agreement, we found that the CRC cell lines show increased TIFA expression levels versus normal control. The knockdown of TIFA inhibited cell proliferation but had no effect on cell apoptosis in vitro or in vivo. Moreover, the ectopic expression of TIFA enhanced cell proliferation ability in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, the expression of mutant TIFA (T9A, oligomerization site mutation; D6, TRAF6 binding site deletion) abolished TIFA‐mediated cell proliferation enhancement. Exploration of the underlying mechanism revealed that the protein synthesis‐associated kinase RSK and PRAS40 activation were responsible for TIFA‐mediated CRC progression. In summary, these findings suggest that TIFA plays a role in mediating CRC progression. This could provide a promising target for CRC therapy.
Paths to postsecondary education enrollment among adolescents with and without childhood attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A longitudinal analysis of symptom and academic trajectories
Authors: Di Lonardo Burr Sabrina M. , LeFevre Jo‐Anne , Arnold L. Eugene , Epstein Jeffrey N. , Hinshaw Stephen P. , Molina Brooke S. G. , Hechtman Lily , Hoza Betsy , Jensen Peter S. , Vitiello Benedetto , Pelham William E. , Howard Andrea L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe examined developmental trajectories of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, standardized achievement, and school performance for adolescents with and without ADHD who did and did not enroll in postsecondary education (PSE;N = 749; 79% boys; 63% White, 17% non‐Hispanic Black, 10% Hispanic, and 10% other ethnicities). In a multisite study (recruitment based in New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, California, and Quebec), participants were originally enrolled between 1994 and 1998 at ages 7 to 9.9 and followed up through 2012 (Mage= 25 at final follow‐up). Adolescents who eventually enrolled in PSE had less severe symptoms, but differences were modest and trajectories were similar over time. For all adolescents, standardized achievement trajectories declined up to two thirds of a standard deviation from ages 9 to 17. By the end of high school, the average GPA of adolescents with ADHD was three quarters of a point higher for those who eventually enrolled in PSE compared to those who did not. Overall, school performance mattered more than academic achievement for understanding eventual enrollment of adolescents with ADHD.
Contact dermatitis in children caused by diabetes devices
Authors: Alves da Silva Catarina , Bregnhøj Anne , Mowitz Martin , Bruze Magnus , Andersen Klaus Ejner , Sommerlund Mette 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundInsulin pumps and glucose monitoring devices improve diabetes mellitus control and enhance patients' quality of life. However, a growing number of adverse cutaneous reactions related to the use of these devices have been reported.ObjectiveTo investigate the culprits of localized contact dermatitis in paediatric patients with diabetes caused by insulin pumps and glucose monitoring devices.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 15 paediatric patients patch tested as part of a clinical investigation for skin reactions associated with insulin pumps and glucose monitoring devices.ResultsSeven patients had positive patch test reactions to isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) and five had positive reactions to benzoyl peroxide (BP). Positive patch test reactions to materials from the glucose sensor and/or insulin pump were seen in 10 of the 15 patients. Three had positive reactions to adhesive remover wipe from Smith and Nephew Remove and four had reactions to EMLA plaster.ConclusionA high share of patients showed positive reactions to IBOA and/or their medical devices (insulin pumps or glucose devices). A third of patients showed positive reactions to BP. The presence of additional unidentified allergens cannot be excluded, highlighting the importance of access to a full description of the chemical composition of the devices.
Eliciting the mechanisms of action of care navigators in the management of type 2 diabetes in people with severe mental illness: A qualitative study
Authors: Nadal Iliatha Papachristou , Cliffton Catherine , Tolani Esther , Achilleos Stavria , Winkley Kirsty , Chamley Mark , Gaughran Fiona , Kottegoda Ruvan , Gallo Fidel , Ismail Khalida 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundPeople with severe mental illness and type 2 diabetes have a reduced life expectancy compared to the general population. One factor that contributes to this is the inability to provide optimal management, as the two conditions are typically managed by separate physical and mental health systems. The role of care navigators in coordinating diabetes care in people with severe mental illness may provide a solution to better management.AimTo explore the views of clinicians and people with severe mental illness and type 2 diabetes on an integrated health service model with a focus on the care navigator to identify potential mechanisms of action.DesignQualitative one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews and part of a wider pilot intervention study.SettingCommunity Mental Health Unit in South London.MethodTopic guides explored the perspectives and experiences of both clinicians and people with severe mental illness and diabetes. Data analysis was conducted using Thematic Analysis.ResultsFrom the analysis of 19 participants, five main themes emerged regarding the care navigator role: administrative service; signposting to local services; adhering to lifestyle changes and medication; engaging in social activities; further skills and training needed.The key findings from this study emphasise the benefits that the role of a care navigator has in helping people with severe mental illness to better manage their diabetes i.e. through diet, exercise medication and attending essential health check‐ups.ConclusionThis study illustrates that having a care navigator in place empowers those with severe mental illness to improve the management of their diabetes. Future research should focus on the extent to which care navigators are effective in improving specific outcomes.
Low‐dose hydralazine reduces albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis in a mouse model of obesity‐related chronic kidney disease
Authors: Larkin Benjamin P. , Nguyen Long T. , Hou Miao , Glastras Sarah J. , Chen Hui , Faiz Alen , Chen Jason , Wang Rosy , Pollock Carol A. , Saad Sonia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo determine, using a mouse model of obesity, whether low‐dose hydralazine prevents obesity‐related chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsFrom 8 weeks of age, male C57BL/6 mice received a high‐fat diet (HFD) or chow, with or without low‐dose hydralazine (25 mg/L) in drinking water, for 24 weeks. Biometric and metabolic variables, renal function and structural changes, renal global DNA methylation, DNA methylation profile and markers of renal fibrosis, injury, inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed.ResultsThe HFD‐fed mice developed obesity, with glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia and dyslipidaemia. Obesity increased albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, which were significantly ameliorated by low‐dose hydralazine in the absence of a blood pressure‐lowering effect. Obesity increased renal global DNA methylation and this was attenuated by low‐dose hydralazine. HFD‐induced changes in methylation of individual loci were also significantly reversed by low‐dose hydralazine. Obese mice demonstrated increased markers of kidney fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, but these markers were not significantly improved by hydralazine.ConclusionLow‐dose hydralazine ameliorated HFD‐induced albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, independent of alterations in biometric and metabolic variables or blood pressure regulation. Although the precise mechanism of renoprotection in obesity is unclear, an epigenetic basis may be implicated. These data support repurposing hydralazine as a novel therapy to prevent CKD progression in obese patients.
Mechanisms of action of the sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor canagliflozin on tubular inflammation and damage: A post hoc mediation analysis of the CANVAS trial
Authors: Sen Taha , Koshino Akihiko , Neal Bruce , Bijlsma Maarten J. , Arnott Clare , Li Jingwei , Hansen Michael K. , Ix Joachim H. , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimsTo test the hypothesis that the reduction in urinary kidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1) observed with the sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor canagliflozin is mediated through its effects on urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) by assessing the proportion of the effect of canagliflozin on KIM‐1 that is mediated through its effects on MCP‐1 and UACR in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric kidney disease.Material and methodsWe measured KIM‐1 and MCP‐1 levels in urine samples from the CANVAS trial at baseline and Week 52 with the Mesoscale QuickPlex SQ 120 platform. KIM‐1 and MCP‐1 were standardized by urinary creatinine (Cr). The proportion of the effect of canagliflozin that is mediated through UACR and MCP‐1/Cr on KIM‐1/Cr was estimated with G‐computation.ResultsIn total, 763 patients with micro‐ or macroalbuminuria (17.6% of the total cohort) were included. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the canagliflozin and placebo group. At Year 1, canagliflozin compared to placebo reduced UACR, MCP‐1/Cr and KIM‐1/Cr by 40.4% (95% CI 31.0, 48.4), 18.1% (95% CI 8.9, 26.4) and 30.9% (95% CI 23.0, 38.0), respectively. The proportion of the effect of canagliflozin on KIM‐1/Cr mediated by its effect on UACR and in turn on MCP‐1/Cr was 15.2% (95% CI 9.4, 24.5).ConclusionCanagliflozin reduces urinary KIM‐1, suggesting decreased tubular damage. This effect was partly mediated through a reduction in MCP‐1, indicative of reduced tubular inflammation, which was in turn mediated by a reduction in UACR. This post hoc analysis suggests that urinary albumin leakage may lead to tubular inflammation and induction of injury, and provide mechanistic insight for how canagliflozin may ameliorate tubular damage, but further research is required to confirm these findings.
Review of adaptations of U.S. Commercial Fisheries in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic using the Resist‐Accept‐Direct (RAD) framework
Authors: Smith Sarah Lindley , Cook Samantha , Golden Abigail , Iwane Mia Aiko , Kleiber Danika , Leong Kirsten M. , Mastitski Anthony , Richmond Laurie , Szymkowiak Marysia , Wise Sarah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic transformed social and economic systems globally, including fisheries systems. Decreases in seafood demand, supply chain disruptions, and public safety regulations required numerous adaptations to maintain the livelihoods and social resilience of fishing communities. Surveys, interviews, and focus groups were undertaken to assess impacts from and adaptive responses to the pandemic in commercial fisheries in five U.S. regions: the Northeast, California, Alaska, the U.S. Caribbean, and the Pacific Islands. Fishery adaptation strategies were categorized using the Resist–Accept–Direct (RAD) framework, a novel application to understand social transformation in a social‐ecological system in response to a disturbance. A number of innovations emerged, or were facilitated, that could improve the fisheries' resilience to future disruptions. Fishers with diversified options and strategic flexibility generally fared better, i.e., had fewer disruptions to their livelihoods. Using the RAD framework to identify adaptation strategies from fishery system actors highlights opportunities for improving resilience of fisheries social‐ecological systems to future stressors.
The role of advocacy and empowerment in shaping service development for families raising children with developmental disabilities
Authors: Szlamka Zsofia , Tekola Bethlehem , Hoekstra Rosa , Hanlon Charlotte 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionEmpowerment of families raising children with developmental disabilities (DDs) is essential to achieving rights‐based service development.MethodsIn this qualitative study, we investigated stakeholder perceptions on the role of advocacy and empowerment in developing caregiver interventions for families of children with DDs in a global context. Participants had experience with at least one intervention, namely the Caregiver Skills Training developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Participants were clinicians, caregivers and researchers representing five continents, and representatives of WHO and Autism Speaks. Two focus group discussions and 25 individual interviews were conducted. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsThree themes were developed: empowerment as independence and as a right; the role and practices of advocacy; and using evidence to drive advocacy. Many professional participants defined empowerment within the realms of their expertise, focusing on caregivers' individual skills and self‐confidence. Caregivers expressed that this expert‐oriented view fails to acknowledge their intuitive knowledge and the need for community‐level empowerment. Participants discussed the challenges of advocacy in light of competing health priorities. The gap between the rights of caregivers and the availability of services, for example, evidence‐based interventions, was highlighted as problematic. Scientific evidence was identified as a key for advocacy.ConclusionRights‐orientated empowerment of caregivers and advocacy may make vital contributions to service development for children with DDs in contexts worldwide.Patient and Public ContributionResearch questions were revised based on views presented during focus group discussions. Participant feedback on preliminary themes informed the development of the interview guides.
Effect of collagen membrane fixation on ridge volume stability and new bone formation following guided bone regeneration
Authors: Park Jin‐Young , Song Young Woo , Ko Kyung‐A , Strauss Franz‐Josef , Thoma Daniel Stefan , Lee Jung‐Seok 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimTo test the effect of membrane fixation on ridge volume stability and new bone formation using guided bone regeneration.Materials and MethodsIn eight beagle dogs, after bilateral extraction of the maxillary pre‐molars, a box‐shaped defect was created on each side. All defect sites were augmented with a particulate bone substitute material, covered with either one of two non‐cross‐linked collagen membranes (CM1 or CM2) with or without fixation (‐F or ‐UF). Samples were collected after 8 weeks. Histomorphometric and micro‐computed tomography analyses were performed.ResultsMembrane fixation made no significant difference to the total augmented volume for both membranes (p > .05). Histological data indicated that at the ridge crest the augmented tissue width amounted to 2.4 ± 0.4 mm in the group CM1‐F and 2.4 ± 0.5 mm in the group CM1‐UF, with no significant difference between the groups. Conversely, in CM2‐F the augmented tissue width was significantly larger than in CM2‐UF (2.3 ± 0.1 vs. 1.57 ± 0.27, p < .05).ConclusionsMembrane fixation in contained defects failed to improve ridge volume stability regardless of the membrane type. However, it may enhance the width of the augmented ridge at the coronal portion depending on the type of membrane.