bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of stereotactic body radiation for treatment of nasal and nasopharyngeal lymphoma in 32 cats
Authors: Reczynska Alicja I. , LaRue Susan M. , Boss Mary‐Keara , Lee Ber‐In , Leary Del , Pohlmann Kelsey , Griffin Lynn , Lana Susan , Wormhoudt Martin Tiffany 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the treatment of localized nasal lymphoma in cats has not been described.HypothesisStereotactic body radiation therapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy is an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for localized nasal lymphoma in cats.AnimalsThirty‐two client owned cats referred to Colorado State University for the treatment of nasal lymphoma.MethodsRetrospective study of cats treated with SBRT between 2010 and 2020 at Colorado State University. Diagnosis of nasal lymphoma was obtained via cytology or histopathology. Signalment, radiation protocol, concurrent treatments, adverse effects, and survival were recorded.ResultsProgression free survival was 225 days (95% CI 98–514) and median survival time (MST) was 365 days (95% CI 123–531). No significant difference in survival was identified between cats that received 1 versus greater than 1 fraction (MST 427 vs. 123 days, P = 0.88). Negative prognostic factors included cribriform lysis (MST 121 vs. 876 days, P = 0.0009) and intracalvarial involvement (MST 100 vs. 438 days, P = 0.0007). Disease progression was noted in 38% (12/32), locally in 22% (7/32), and systemically in 16% (5/32). No cats developed acute adverse effects. Ten cats developed late adverse effects: keratitis/keratitis sicca (n = 2), alopecia (n = 4), and leukotrichia (n = 4). Twenty‐four cats (75%) had signs consistent with chronic rhinitis.ConclusionsSBRT is effective and well tolerated for treating localized nasal lymphoma in cats. Outcomes for cats with lower stage disease (canine modified Adam's stage 3 and lower) are comparable to historic data of cats treated with fractionated radiation therapy.
Guidelines and standards for the study of death and recalled experiences of death––a multidisciplinary consensus statement and proposed future directions
Authors: Parnia Sam , Post Stephen G. , Lee Matthew T. , Lyubomirsky Sonja , Aufderheide Tom P. , Deakin Charles D. , Greyson Bruce , Long Jeffrey , Gonzales Anelly M. , Huppert Elise L. , Dickinson Analise , Mayer Stephan , Locicero Briana , Levin Jeff , Bossis Anthony , Worthington Everett , Fenwick Peter , Shirazi Tara Keshavarz 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn inadvertent consequence of advances in stem cell research, neuroscience, and resuscitation science has been to enable scientific insights regarding what happens to the human brain in relation to death. The scientific exploration of death is in large part possible due to the recognition that brain cells are more resilient to the effects of anoxia than assumed. Hence, brain cells become irreversibly damaged and “die” over hours to days postmortem. Resuscitation science has enabled life to be restored to millions of people after their hearts had stopped. These survivors have described a unique set of recollections in relation to death that appear universal. We review the literature, with a focus on death, the recalled experiences in relation to cardiac arrest, post–intensive care syndrome, and related phenomena that provide insights into potential mechanisms, ethical implications, and methodologic considerations for systematic investigation. We also identify issues and controversies related to the study of consciousness and the recalled experience of cardiac arrest and death in subjects who have been in a coma, with a view to standardize and facilitate future research.
The effect of peripheral defocus on axial growth and modulation of refractive error in hyperopes
Authors: Beasley Ian G , Davies Leon N , Logan Nicola S 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPurposeTo establish whether axial growth and refractive error can be modulated in hyperopic children by imposing relative peripheral hyperopic defocus using multifocal soft contact lenses.MethodsA prospective controlled study with hyperopic participants allocated to a control or test group. Control group participants were corrected with single vision spectacles and changes to axial length and refractive error were followed for 3 years. For the test group, axial growth and post‐cycloplegic refractive error were observed with participants wearing single vision spectacles for the first 6 months of the trial and then corrected with centre‐near multifocal soft contact lenses with a 2.00 D add for 2 years. The central ‘near’ portion of the contact lens corrected distance refractive error while the ‘distance’ portion imposed hyperopic defocus. Participants reverted to single vision spectacles for the final 6 months of the study.ResultsTwenty‐two participants, mean age 11.13 years (SD 1.72) (range 8.33–13.92), completed the trial. Axial length did not change during the first 6 months in either group (p = 1.00). Axial growth across the 2‐year intervention period was 0.17 mm (SEM 0.04) (p < 0.0005) in the test group versus 0.06 mm (SEM 0.07) (p = 0.68) in the control group. Axial length was invariant during the final 6 months in either group (p = 1.00). Refractive error was stable during the first 6 months in both groups (p = 1.00). Refractive error change across the 2‐year intervention period was −0.26 D (SEM 0.14) (p = 0.38) in the test group versus −0.01 D (SEM 0.09) (p = 1.00) in the control group. Neither the test (p = 1.00) nor control (p = 0.63) group demonstrated a change in refractive error during the final 6 months.ConclusionsThe rate of axial growth can be accelerated in children with hyperopia using centre‐near multifocal soft contact lenses.
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type II associated with aplasia cutis congenita in a neonate
Authors: Tripodi Giuseppe Daniele , Dickerman Deanna I. , LeMosy Ellen K. , Davis Loretta S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAplasia cutis congenita (ACC) was diagnosed in a newborn with dysmorphic facial features, oligodactyly of the bilateral feet, and hip instability. The neonate's clinical abnormalities in addition to genetic testing confirmed a diagnosis of trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) type II. The possibility of concurrent Adams–Oliver syndrome (AOS) is raised.
Overexpression of the vacuolar sugar importer BvTST1 from sugar beet in Camelina improves seed properties and leads to altered root characteristics
Authors: Okooboh Gloria O. , Haferkamp Ilka , Valifard Marzieh , Pommerrenig Benjamin , Kelly Amélie , Feussner Ivo , Neuhaus Horst Ekkehard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractOverexpression of the vacuolar sugar transporter TST1 in Arabidopsis leads to higher seed lipid levels and higher total seed yield per plant. However, effects on fruit biomass have not been observed in crop plants like melon, strawberry, cotton, apple, or tomato with increased tonoplast sugar transporter (TST) activity. Thus, it was unclear whether overexpression of TST in selected crops might lead to increased fruit yield, as observed in Arabidopsis. Here, we report that constitutive overexpression of TST1 from sugar beet in the important crop species Camelina sativa (false flax) resembles the seed characteristics observed for Arabidopsis upon increased TST activity. These effects go along with a stimulation of sugar export from source leaves and not only provoke optimised seed properties like higher lipid levels and increased overall seed yield per plant, but also modify the root architecture of BvTST1 overexpressing Camelina lines. Such mutants grew longer primary roots and showed an increased number of lateral roots, especially when developed under conditions of limited water supply. These changes in root properties result in a stabilisation of total seed yield under drought conditions. In summary, we demonstrate that increased vacuolar TST activity may lead to optimised yield of an oil‐seed crop species with high levels of healthy ω3 fatty acids in storage lipids. Moreover, since BvTST1 overexpressing Camelina mutants, in addition, exhibit optimised yield under limited water availability, we might devise a strategy to create crops with improved tolerance against drought, representing one of the most challenging environmental cues today and in future.
Spatial propagation in a within‐host viral infection model
Authors: Wang Xinjian , Lin Guo , Ruan Shigui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent experimental evidence suggests that spatial heterogeneity plays an important role in within‐host infections caused by different viruses including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To examine the spatial effects of viral infections, in this paper we study the asymptotic spreading in a within‐host viral infection model, which describes the spatial expansion speeds of viruses and infected cells within an infected host. We first establish the boundedness of solutions to the Cauchy problem via local ‐estimates and dual arguments. Then the spreading speed is estimated when the basic reproduction number of the corresponding kinetic system is larger than one. More precisely, the upper bounds of the spreading speed are given by constructing suitable upper solutions while the lower bounds of the spreading speed are obtained by introducing an auxiliary equation with nonlocal delay. When the basic reproduction number of the corresponding kinetic system is less than or equal to one, the virus dies out uniformly. Finally, we present some numerical simulations to illustrate our theoretical findings and discuss the biological relevance of these results.
Validation of a dedicated positron emission tomography scanner for imaging of the distal limb of standing horses
Authors: Spriet Mathieu , Edwards Lisa , Arndt Stefanie , Wilson Sabrina S. , Galuppo Larry D. , Stepanov Pavel , Beylin David 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA positron emission tomography (PET) scanner, with an openable ring of detectors, was specifically designed to image the distal limb of standing horses. The goals of this prospective, preclinical, experimental, methods comparison study were to validate the safety of the scanner, assess image quality, and optimize scanning protocols. Six research horses were imaged three times (twice standing, once anesthetized) and six horses in active race training were imaged once under standing sedation. Multiple scans of both front fetlocks were obtained with different scan durations and axial fields of view. A total of 94 fetlock scans were attempted and 90 provided images of diagnostic value. Radiotracer uptake was the main factor affecting image quality, while motion did not represent a major issue. Scan duration and field of view also affected image quality. Eight specific lesions were identified on PET images from anesthetized horses and were all also independently recognized on the PET images obtained on standing horses. Maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax) had good repeatability for the assessment of specific lesions among different scans. Three feet and six carpi were also successfully imaged. This study validated the safety and practicality of a PET scanner specifically designed to image the distal limb in standing horses. Proper preparation of horses, similar to bone scintigraphy, is important for image quality. A 4‐min scan with 12 cm field of view was considered optimal for clinical fetlock imaging. Evaluation of a larger clinical population is the next step for further assessment of the clinical utility of PET imaging in horses.
Load Capacity and Time Relations for Squeeze Films
Authors: Archibald F. R. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The transient load capacity of a fluid film between two surfaces having a relative normal velocity is often of importance and the term squeeze film applied to such a situation is an accurate and descriptive one. Although the subject is far from new in the literature of lubrication it does not seem to have been treated very fully by any one author. It is the purpose here to show how the transient load capacity and the time to change thickness of various film configurations can be calculated and to catalog a number of results of practical interest some of which do not seem to have been given previously. There is also an interesting analogy to the torsion problem and to the problem of the flow of viscous fluids in prismatical tubes which is described.
Heat Transfer to Turbulent Boundary Layers With Variable Free-Stream Velocity
Authors: Seban R. A. , Doughty D. L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Local heat-transfer coefficients have been determined for the turbulent boundary layer of a two-dimensional subsonic air flow over the surface of a flat plate, with the air velocity variable over the plate length. The boundary layer, formed with almost constant velocity, was then subjected to a strong acceleration which produced a three to fourfold increase in the free-stream velocity, and after this maximum there was a gradual deceleration of the flow. Maximum velocities ranged from 200 to 900 fps. The use of the results, obtained for a particular kind of variation of velocity, is primarily as a check of methods of predicting heat transfer under circumstances of this type. It is shown that adequate predictions can be made from an analysis based on constant properties, and that the most important element of the analysis is an account of the thermal energy in the boundary layer at any point along the plate. Results are given also for constant velocity along the plate, both for a completely turbulent flow and for turbulent flow occurring after natural transition. The heat-transfer coefficients so obtained for the turbulent boundary layer agree best with the prediction of the von Karman analogy.
Study of Pneumatic Processes in the Continuous Control of Motion With Compressed Air—I
Authors: Shearer J. L. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
A pneumatic servomotor consisting of a 4-way control valve and double-acting ram is analyzed to determine the effective use of this system for continuous control of ram motion. Special emphasis is placed on studying the dynamic behavior of the fluid in the ram chambers and the pressure-flow characteristics of the control valve. Comparisons are made of the measured and theoretical characteristics of a typical control valve. The results of a simple experiment with a control valve and tank determine the validity of the ram-chamber analysis. A subsequent paper will show how the complete servomotor system, including mass load, is analyzed for its response to small changes of valve opening and to changes of external load force, and a simple electronic analog of the system is used to study means of providing adequate system damping.
Determination of System Characteristics from Normal Operating Records
Authors: Goodman T. P. , Reswick J. B. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Some new techniques are presented for experimentally determining the dynamical characteristics of linear systems. These techniques are based on analysis of random variations in the operating variables during the normal course of operation of the system. Particular attention is paid to the effects of uncorrelated variations (noise) on the methods. The use of the “delay-line synthesizer” as a device for discovering system characterizations is presented. Results obtained for the determination of a transfer operator for a human being engaged in tracking a target are presented as an example of the effectiveness of the random-data-analysis approach.
Power Removal from Boiling Nuclear Reactors
Authors: Zmola P. C. , Bailey R. V. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The principal features of a nuclear reactor from which power is removed by boiling of the coolant within the active core are discussed. For most applications, the coolant is also the moderator and possibly the fuel carrier, and the objective is to devise a core arrangement which will permit operation at the highest power density for a given average fluid density. Calculations based on simple theoretical models are presented in performance-chart form to display the relation of influencing variables. Experimental results obtained from systems in which boiling was produced by electrical resistance heating of the liquid or simulated by bubbling air through the apparatus are summarized. A method for calculating the density distribution in a boiling system which takes into consideration explicitly the relative velocity of the vapor and liquid is presented.
Analysis of Elliptical Bearings
Authors: Pinkus Oscar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
An analysis of elliptical bearings is presented based on the numerical solution of Reynolds equation for finite bearings. The solution of the differential equation was performed on a digital computer and this, supplemented by additional work on the nature of oil flow, power loss, and eccentricity in elliptical bearings, provides solutions for bearings of various L/D ratios, ellipticities, and various operating conditions. The only restriction is that the bearings have two oil grooves at the horizontal split of approximately 30 deg each. Equations and charts are presented in convenient form and an outline for performing bearing calculations is given.
Experimental Investigation of Resonant Whip
Authors: Pinkus Oscar 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Resonant-whip tests were performed on two horizontal shafts having critical frequencies of 4000 and 6100 rpm and with pairs of bearings of various designs. Whip, when developed, was found to set in at speeds equal to about twice the first natural critical frequency of the shaft. With the heavier shaft, whipping stopped at speeds nearly equal to three times the first critical; with the light shaft whipping could not be stopped. The frequency of vibration in the whipping range is constant and equal to the first critical of the shaft. High loads, high viscosities, and flexible mounting gave greater stability. The load necessary to prevent whip at a viscosity of 70 centipoises is around 40 psi, but this value changes with speed and oil viscosity. The order of bearing stability is, starting with the most stable bearings, as follows: 3-lobe, tilting-pad, pressure, elliptical, 3-groove, and plain circular.
Stress Distribution and Design Data for Adhesive Lap Joints Between Circular Tubes
Authors: Lubkin J. L. , Reissner Eric 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This paper presents stress distributions for 48 adhesive lap joints between thin circular tubes loaded in tension. The adhesive is treated as a thin elastic layer, much more flexible than the adherends, so that the analysis applies primarily to the bonding of metals and plastics. Ordinary thin-shell theory is used for the adherends. The basic theory and the calculated adhesive shear and normal stresses are given, and the significant principal stresses are discussed. The influence of the various system parameters, notably the tube curvature, is considered in some detail, and a comparison is made with previous flat lap-joint results. The applicability of the theory in joint design also is treated.
Investigation of Large Steam-Turbine Spindle Failure
Authors: Emmert H. D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The low-pressure spindle of a 165,000-kw cross-compound steam turbine burst during a routine overspeed-trip test. An intensive investigation of the design, metallurgy, and manufacture of the spindle and of the operational history of the turbine was completed within four months of the date of the accident. The nickel-molybdenum-vanadium material currently being specified by the turbine industry for large turbine spindles and generator rotors is known to be susceptible to brittle failure in the presence of notches in heavy sections. It was determined that the initiating cause of the Ridgeland accident was flakes or thermal cracks developed in the shaft during heat-treatment. These flaws provided the notches necessary to trigger a catastrophic burst of the shaft. The incident and subsequent investigation focus attention on the metallurgy, production, and inspection of large turbine-spindle forgings.
Heat-Conduction Methods in Forced-Convection Flow
Authors: Levy S. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Transient heat-conduction solutions are used to determine the thermal characteristics of fluid flowing in circular conduits, annuli, and between parallel plates. Jaeger’s method of deriving the time lag for heat conduction in composite slabs (herewith extended to include composite cylinders) reduces the problem to a series of arithmetical calculations. Numerical results are presented for flow between parallel plates with the following boundary conditions: Constant heat rate, linear wall-temperature variation, and constant wall temperature at one of the external surfaces with constant heat rate, no heat transfer, or zero temperature at the other surface. Some solutions are extended to account for external wall resistance, and thermal entry lengths are evaluated for fluids with high or low Prandtl numbers.
Combined Forced and Free-Laminar Heat Transfer in Vertical Tubes With Uniform Internal Heat Generation
Authors: Hallman T. M. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Fully developed velocity profiles, temperature profiles, mixed-mean-to-wall temperature differences, Nusselt numbers, and pressure drops are predicted for combined forced and free-laminar convective heat transfer in vertical round pipes. Uniform internal heat generation within the fluid may or may not be present, and a uniform heating or cooling at the tube wall is considered (including the case of the insulated wall). A comparison is made between the analysis and the small amount of experimental data available in the literature.
Use of Real-World Data for Enhancing Model Credibility: Applications to Medical Device Development
Authors: Briant Paul , Bischoff Jeffrey E. , Dharia Mehul A. , Le Navéaux Franck , Li XueMei , Kulkarni Sanjeev , Levine Danny , Ramos David O. , Afshari Payman 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Evaluating the credibility of computational models used in medical device development is increasingly important as medical devices become more complex and modeling takes on a more critical role in the device development process. While bench-testing based comparisons are common for assessing model credibility and have many advantages, such as control over test specimens and the ability to quantify outputs, the credibility assessments performed with bench tests often do not evaluate the clinical relevance of key aspects of model form (such as boundary conditions, constitutive models/properties, and geometries) selected when simulating in vivo conditions. Real-world data (outcomes data generated through clinical use of a device) offer an opportunity to assess the applicability and clinical relevance of a computational model. Although real-world data are frequently less controlled and more qualitative than benchtop data, real-world data are often a direct assessment of a particular clinical complication and therefore of high clinical relevance. Further, real-world data have the potential to reveal failure modes not previously identified in preclinical failure modes analysis, thereby motivating testing advancements. To review the use of clinical data in medical device modeling, this paper presents a series of examples related to tibial tray fracture that incorporate varying levels of benchtop data and real world data when evaluating model credibility. The merits and drawbacks of the credibility assessment for each example are discussed in order to provide practical and actionable guidance on the use of real-world data for establishing and demonstrating model credibility.