bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated remodeling of the mesophyll-bundle sheath interface in the maize C4 cycle mutant leaves
Authors: Gao Peng , Wang Pengfei , Du Baijuan , Li Pinghua , Kang Byung-Ho 
Published: March 2022

AbstractC4 photosynthesis in the maize leaf involves the exchange of organic acids between mesophyll (M) and the bundle sheath (BS) cells. The transport is mediated by plasmodesmata embedded in the suberized cell wall. We examined the maize Kranz anatomy with a focus on the plasmodesmata and cell wall suberization with microscopy methods. In the young leaf zone where M and BS cells had indistinguishable proplastids, plasmodesmata were simple and no suberin was detected. In leaf zones where dimorphic chloroplasts were evident, the plasmodesma acquired sphincter and cytoplasmic sleeves, and suberin was discerned. These modifications were accompanied by a drop in symplastic dye mobility at the M-BS boundary. We compared the kinetics of chloroplast differentiation and the modifications in M-BS connectivity in ppdk and dct2 mutants where C4 cycle is affected. The rate of chloroplast diversification did not alter, but plasmodesma remodeling, symplastic transport inhibition, and cell wall suberization were observed from younger leaf zone in the mutants than in wild type. Our results indicate that inactivation of the C4 genes accelerated the changes in the M-BS interface, and the reduced permeability suggests that symplastic transport between M and BS could be regulated for normal operation of C4 cycle.
Modal gain characteristics of a two-section InGaAs/GaAs double quantum well passively mode-locked laser with asymmetric waveguide
Authors: Qiao Zhongliang , Li Xiang , Sia Jia Xu Brian , Wang Wanjun , Wang Hong , Li Zaijin , Zhao Zhibin , Li Lin , Gao Xin , Bo Baoxue , Qu Yi , Liu Guojin , Liu Chongyang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMonolithic two-section InGaAs/GaAs double quantum well (DQW) passively mode-locked lasers (MLLs) with asymmetric waveguide, consisting of the layers of p-doped AlGaAs waveguide and no-doped InGaAsP waveguide, emitting at ~ 1.06 μm, with a fundamental repetition rate at ~ 19.56 GHz have been demonstrated. Modal gain characteristics, such as a gain bandwidth and a gain peak wavelength of the MLL, as a function of the saturable absorber (SA) bias voltage (Va) as well as the injection current of gain section (Ig), were investigated by the Hakki-Paoli method. With the increase of Va, the lasing wavelength and net modal gain peak of the MLL both exhibited red-shifts to longer wavelength significantly, while the modal gain bandwidth was narrowed. Both the net modal gain bandwidth and gain peak of the MLL followed a polynomial distribution versus the reverse bias at the absorber section. In addition, for the first time, it was found that Va had an obvious effect on the modal gain characteristics of the MLL.
The role of future anthropogenic methane emissions in air quality and climate
Authors: Staniaszek Zosia , Griffiths Paul T. , Folberth Gerd A. , O’Connor Fiona M. , Abraham N. Luke , Archibald Alexander T. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is crucial for achieving the goals of the Paris climate agreement. One key gas is methane, whose representation in most climate models is limited by using prescribed surface concentrations. Here we use a new, methane emissions-driven version of the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1) and simulate a zero anthropogenic methane emissions scenario (ZAME) in order to (i) attribute the role of anthropogenic methane emissions on the Earth system and (ii) bracket the potential for theoretical maximum mitigation. We find profound, rapid and sustained impacts on atmospheric composition and climate, compared to a counterfactual projection (SSP3-7.0, the ’worst case’ scenario for methane). In ZAME, methane declines to below pre-industrial levels within 12 years and global surface ozone decreases to levels seen in the 1970s. By 2050, 690,000 premature deaths per year and 1° of warming can be attributed to anthropogenic methane in SSP3-7.0. This work demonstrates the significant maximum potential of methane emissions reductions, and their air-quality co-benefits, but also reiterates the need for action on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. We show that a methane emissions-driven treatment is essential for simulating the full Earth system impacts and feedbacks of methane emissions changes.
Culturally adapting internet- and mobile-based health promotion interventions might not be worth the effort: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Balci Sumeyye , Spanhel Kerstin , Sander Lasse Bosse , Baumeister Harald 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHealth promotion interventions offer great potential in advocating a healthy lifestyle and the prevention of diseases. Some barriers to communicating health promotion to people of certain cultural groups might be overcome via the internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMI). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore the effectiveness of culturally adapted IMI for health promotion interventions among culturally diverse populations. We systematically searched on Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EbscoHost/MEDLINE, Ovid/Embase, EbscoHost/PsychINFO, and Web of Science databases in October 2020. Out of 9438 records, 13 randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating culturally adapted health promotion IMI addressing healthy eating, physical activity, alcohol consumption, sexual health behavior, and smoking cessation included. From the included studies 10,747 participants were eligible. Culturally adapted IMI proved to be non-superior over active control conditions in short- (g = 0.10, [95% CI −0.19 to 0.40]) and long-term (g = 0.20, [95% CI −0.11 to 0.51]) in promoting health behavior. However, culturally adapted IMI for physical activity (k = 3, N = 296) compared to active controls yielded a beneficial effect in long-term (g = 0.48, [95%CI 0.25 to 0.71]). Adapting health promotion IMI to the cultural context of different cultural populations seems not yet to be recommendable given the substantial adaption efforts necessary and the mostly non-significant findings. However, these findings need to be seen as preliminary given the limited number of included trials with varying methodological rigor and the partly substantial between-trial heterogeneity pointing in the direction of potentially useful culturally adapted IMI which now need to be disentangled from the less promising approaches.PROSPERO registration number: 42020152939
Cryo-EM structure of transmembrane AAA+ protease FtsH in the ADP state
Authors: Liu Wu , Schoonen Martien , Wang Tong , McSweeney Sean , Liu Qun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAAA+ proteases regulate numerous physiological and cellular processes through tightly regulated proteolytic cleavage of protein substrates driven by ATP hydrolysis. FtsH is the only known family of membrane-anchored AAA+ proteases essential for membrane protein quality control. Although a spiral staircase rotation mechanism for substrate translocation across the FtsH pore has been proposed, the detailed conformational changes among various states have not been clear due to absence of FtsH structures in these states. We report here the cryo-EM structure for Thermotoga maritima FtsH (TmFtsH) in a fully ADP-bound symmetric state. Comparisons of the ADP-state structure with its apo-state and a substrate-engaged yeast YME1 structure show conformational changes in the ATPase domains, rather than the protease domains. A reconstruction of the full-length TmFtsH provides structural insights for the dynamic transmembrane and the periplasmic domains. Our structural analyses expand the understanding of conformational switches between different nucleotide states in ATP hydrolysis by FtsH.
A mixed target estimation fusion algorithm based on Gibbs‐GLMB and federated filter
Authors: Liu Yu , Peng Zhangming , Gao Shibo , Li Jiangning 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMixed targets are composed of point targets, extended targets, and group targets. The point target can produce one measurement at most, the extended target and the group target can produce multiple measurements, but the sub‐goals of the group target have a certain dependency relationship. At this time, the estimated fusion of the group target is converted to the estimated fusion of sub‐targets with formation motion structure, and the distance among the sub‐targets is very close, which brings difficulties to the estimated fusion of mixed targets. This paper combines the adjacency matrix in graph theory to dynamically model the discernible group target and introduces the concept of deformation. Also, it uses the finite mixture model method to dynamically model the extended target. Then the Gibbs‐GLMB algorithm is used to estimate the state and number of the mixed targets. A dynamic detection federated filter fusion algorithm is proposed to fuse the mixed targets state estimates. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified in the final simulation.
Einfluss von biometrischen Daten auf die Planung der Augenmuskeloperation
Authors: Hirnschall Nino , Malek Katharina , Kaltofen Thomas , Priglinger Siegfried , Priglinger Siegmund , Harrer Annette , Findl Oliver , Partik Gerhard 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Evaluierung des Einflusses von biometrischen Daten (Augenlänge, Vorderkammertiefe) auf die Planung der Augenmuskeloperation mithilfe einer Simulationssoftware und
„Partial-least-Squares-Regression“.
Material und Methoden In diese retrospektive Studie wurden Patienten/-innen eingeschlossen, bei denen auf einem Auge eine Augenmuskeloperation an einem oder beiden horizontalen
Augenmuskeln stattgefunden hatte. Zusätzlich wurde eine optische Biometrie durchgeführt und der Schielwinkel in der Ferne vor und nach der Augenmuskeloperation gemessen. Im nächsten Schritt
wurde die Operation mittels Simulationsprogramm (See++, RISC, Österreich) mit und ohne axiale Augenlänge simuliert und mit der tatsächlichen OP-Strecke verglichen. Im letzten Schritt wurde
dann der Einfluss verschiedener anatomischer Parameter des operierten Auges auf den postoperativen Schielwinkel untersucht. Dafür wurde zuerst eine Partial-least-Squares-Regression (variable
importance of projection, VIP) und danach ein Boot-Strapping-Verfahren verwendet.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 97 Patienten/-innen in die Studie eingeschlossen, und 92 Datensätze konnten analysiert werden. In allen Fällen wurde der Schielwinkel um mindestens 25%
reduziert und in 60% konnte eine Reduktion von mindestens 75% erreicht werden. Die Berücksichtigung der Augenlänge verbesserte die Simulation geringfügig (0,3 mm Änderung der
Operationsstrecke, Standardabweichung: 1,65 mm). Ein relevanter Einfluss konnte für die Faktoren präoperativer Schielwinkel (VIP: 1,8), gefolgt von Vorderkammertiefe (VIP: 1,0) und Alter
(VIP: 0,9) gezeigt werden. Signifikant höher war er, verglichen zu einzelnen Parametern, bei der Ratio Vorderkammertiefe/Augenlänge.
Schlussfolgerung Das verwendete Simulationsmodell konnte zeigen, dass die Verwendung der axialen Augenlänge zu einer geringen Verbesserung der Planung der Augenmuskeloperation führt.
Einen größeren Einfluss hatte allerdings die Berücksichtigung der Ratio Vorderkammertiefe/Augenlänge.
And the beat goes on … – stereotaktische Bestrahlung
von inoperablen Lebermetastasen eines Kolonkarzinoms: Innovatives Konzept bei
Oligometastasierung
Authors: Holzhauer Peter 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungMit der hier vorgestellten Kasuistik wird der Krankheitsverlauf eines Patienten
mit synchron hepatisch metastasiertem Sigmakarzinom erneut aufgegriffen. Der
ungewöhnliche Erkrankungs- und Behandlungsverlauf machte es
möglich, diesen Patienten mehrfach vorzustellen. Nach dem initialen
Konzept der neoadjuvanten Systemtherapie mit noch kurativem Ansatz, wird heute
in der Situation einer hepatischen Oligometastasierung der moderne Einsatz der
Körperstereotaxie beschrieben. Begleitet wird diese innovative
Behandlungsmaßnahme durch geeignete Maßnahmen der supportiven
Komplementärmedizin.
Statin Therapy Among Bariatric Patients: The Impact on Metabolic
Outcomes and Diabetes Status
Authors: Mendonça Fernando M , Silva Maria M , Borges-Canha Marta , Neves João S , Costa Cláudia , Cabral Pedro M. , Guerreiro Vanessa , Lourenço Rita , Meira Patrícia , Ferreira Maria J , Salazar Daniela , Pedro Jorge , Varela Ana , Souto Selma , Lau Eva , Freitas Paula , Carvalho Davide , group CRIO 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Introduction Statin therapy is associated with an increased risk of
developing diabetes. Among bariatric patients, the influence of this therapy on
various metabolic outcomes, such as diabetes status and its remission, is
largely unknown.
Methods This was a retrospective study of 1710 patients who underwent
bariatric surgery at our hospital between January/2010 and
June/2017. We compared patients with and without statin therapy at
baseline, 12 and 24 months after surgery regarding statin use and its impact on
several clinical and analytical parameters. Multiple linear regression was
performed, adjusting differences for age, sex, surgery type, antidiabetic drugs
at baseline, hypertension at baseline, LDL cholesterol
˃ 130 mg/dL, weight variation one year after surgery,
and age of obesity onset.
Results The overall prevalence of statin use was 20.2% before,
13.6% 12 months after surgery, and 15.0% 24 months after
surgery. There was a larger reduction in fasting glucose and HbA1c at 12 and 24
months after surgery among statin-treated patients, with the opposite trend for
weight reduction and BMI. Statin-treated patients with diabetes had lower
diabetes remission rates (45.3 vs 68.5%) 12 months after surgery,
with the highest reduction in HbA1c (1.3±1.3 vs
−1.1±1.2%; p=0.042), fasting glucose
(−40.8±48.8 vs
−30.9±41.6 mg/dL; p=0.028), and insulin
(−21.7±28.2 vs −13.4±14.2 mIU/L;
p=0.039). The proportion of new-onset cases of diabetes was equal
between statin-treated vs non-treated individuals at 12 months (1.9%)
and 24 months (1.0%) after surgery.
Conclusion Bariatric surgery seems to lead to diabetes remission more
frequently in patients not treated with statins. A larger reduction was observed
in fasting glucose and HbA1c among statin-treated patients. Statin did not
contribute to an increased proportion of new-onset diabetes after surgery.
Evaluation of Retinal Layer Thicknesses in Patients with Keratoconus Using Retinal Layer Segmentation Analysis
Authors: Aydemir Gozde Aksoy , Kocabaş Dilara Ozkoyuncu , Bilen Abdurrahman , Aydemir Emre , Bayat Alper Halil , Oren Burak , Kiziltoprak Hasan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective To conduct an evaluation of the effects of irregular astigmatism on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the retinal layers observed using spectral-domain optical
coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients who had keratoconus (KC).
Materials and Methods A total of 255 eyes from 255 individuals, comprising 72 eyes of KC patients, 70 eyes of patients with astigmia, and 113 eyes of healthy controls were included
in the analysis. RNFL scan maps (comprising global, temporal, superotemporal, inferotemporal, nasal, inferonasal, and superonasal maps) and macular thickness (MT) maps of a standard from the
Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid were assessed. The measurements were segmented automatically using Spectralis software, and included the RNFL, inner and outer
plexiform layers (IPL, OPL), inner and outer nuclear layers (INL, ONL), ganglion cell layer, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the central 6-mm ETDRS subfield.
Results The RNFL thickness in the KC group was lower when compared with the other two groups; however, statistically significant differences were noted in the global, temporal,
superotemporal, and inferotemporal sectors (p < 0.05 for all). All of the central MT parameters showed significant variation among the groups, while a statistically significant decrease
was noted in the KC group, except in the inferior outer sector (p = 0.741). In the segmentation analysis, the KC group had the significantly lowest IPL, ONL, RPE, and outer retinal layer
(ORL) thickness among the groups (p < 0.05 for each). The astigmatic group was similar to the control group with regard to these parameters (p > 0.05 for each).
Conclusion The eyes in the KC group appeared to have a thinner RNFL and MT when compared to those in the astigmatic and control groups. The ORLs, especially the ONL and RPE, were the
most affected component of the macula in the KC group.
First interobserver agreement of optical coherence tomography in the bile duct: A multicenter collaborative study
Authors: Tyberg Amy , Raijman Isaac , Gaidhane Monica , Trindade Arvind J. , Shahid Haroon , Sarkar Avik , Samarasena Jason , Andalib Iman , Diehl David L. , Pleskow Douglas K. , Woods Kevin E. , Gordon Stuart R. , Pannala Rahul , Kedia Prashant , Draganov Peter V. , Tarnasky Paul R. , Sejpal Divyesh V. , Kumta Nikhil A. , Parasher Gulshan , Adler Douglas G. , Patel Kalpesh , Yang Dennis , Siddiqui Uzma , Kahaleh Michel , Joshi Viren 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new technology available for evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures. It allows under-the-surface visualization and preliminary studies have confirmed standardized characteristics associated with malignancy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the first interobserver agreement in identifying previously agreed upon OCT criteria and diagnosing of malignant versus benign disease.
Patients and methods Fourteen endoscopists were asked to review an atlas of reference clips and images of eight criteria derived from expert consensus A total of 35 de-identified video clips were then evaluated for presence of the eight criteria and for final diagnosis of malignant versus benign using the atlas as reference Intraclass correlation (ICC) analysis was done to evaluate interrater agreement.
Results Clips of 23 malignant lesions and 12 benign lesions were scored. Excellent interobserver agreement was seen with dilated hypo-reflective structures (0.85) and layering effacement (0.89); hyper-glandular mucosa (0.76), intact layering (0.81), and onion-skin layering (0.77); fair agreement was seen with scalloping (0.58), and thickened epithelium (0.4); poor agreement was seen with hyper-reflective surface (0.36). The diagnostic ICC for both neoplastic (0.8) and non-neoplastic (0.8) was excellent interobserver agreement. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 51 %, ranging from 43 % to 60 %.
Conclusions Biliary OCT is a promising new modality for evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures. Interobserver agreement ranged from fair to almost perfect on eight previously identified criteria. Interobserver agreement for malignancy diagnosis was substantial (0.8). Further studies are needed to validate this data.
Pillar[4]arene[1]thioarenes: Synthesis and Host–Guest Binding Properties
Authors: Limpanuparb Taweetham , Bunchuay Thanthapatra , Khanthong Adisorn , Khamphaijun Korawit , Ruengsuk Araya , Docker Andrew , Tantirungrotechai Jonggol 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a novel class of pillar[4]arene[1]thioarenes (P[4]A[1]SMe) are reported. An oxidation–thionation strategy was used to replace a single dialkoxybenzene panel in the parent pillar[5]arene. 1H NMR spectroscopic titration experiments, supported by density functional theory computational studies, revealed that P[4]A[1]SMe show starkly modulated host–guest binding properties for electron-deficient aliphatic guests.
2,3-Diaryl-1,1,4,4-tetracyanobutadienes as Colorimetric Sensors for Sulfide Ion in Aqueous Media
Authors: Rashatasakhon Paitoon , Pham Quynh Nguyen Nhu , Silpcharu Komthep , Vchirawongkwin Viwat , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTwo diaryl derivatives of 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene were synthesized for use as colorimetric ion sensors in aqueous media. The key synthetic step involved a [2+2]-cycloaddition/retro-cycloaddition between an electron-rich diarylethyne and electron-deficient tetracyanoethene. The compound bearing two sulfonamide groups showed good selectivity toward hydrogen sulfide ion, with a detection limit of 15.5 μM. The use of this sensor for the quantitative analysis of hydrogen sulfide ion in water samples was successfully demonstrated.
Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine Reagents in Modern Organic Synthesis
Authors: Dohi Toshifumi , Zhdankin Viktor V , Kumar Ravi , Rimi Rimi , Soni Sakshi , Uttam Bhawna , China Hideyasu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHypervalent iodine (HVI) reagents have gained much attention as versatile oxidants because of their low toxicity, mild reactivity, easy handling, and availability. Despite their unique reactivity and other advantageous properties, stoichiometric HVI reagents are associated with the disadvantage of generating non-recyclable iodoarenes as waste/co-products. To overcome these drawbacks, the syntheses and utilization of various recyclable hypervalent iodine reagents have been established in recent years. This review summarizes the development of various recyclable non-polymeric, polymer-supported, ionic-liquid-supported, and metal–organic framework (MOF)-hybridized HVI reagents.1	Introduction2	Polymer-Supported Hypervalent Iodine Reagents2.1	Polymer-Supported Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents2.2	Polymer-Supported Hypervalent Iodine(V) Reagents3	Non-Polymeric Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine Reagents3.1	Non-Polymeric Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents3.2	Recyclable Non-Polymeric Hypervalent Iodine(V) Reagents3.3	Fluorous Hypervalent Iodine Reagents4	Ionic-Liquid/Ion-Supported Hypervalent Iodine Reagents5	Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Hybridized Hypervalent Iodine Reagents6	Conclusion
COVID-19 and the second exams fiasco across the UK: four nations trying to avoid immediate policy failure
Authors: Kippin Sean , Cairney Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn 2021, the UK and devolved governments tried to avoid the school exams fiasco of 2020. Their immediate marker of success was to prevent a similar U-turn on their COVID-19 school exams replacement policies. They still cancelled the traditional exam format, and sought teacher assessments to determine their grades, but this time without using an algorithm to standardise the results. The outcomes produced some concerns about inequity, since the unequal exam results are similar to those experienced in 2020. However, we did not witness the same sense of acute political crisis. We explain these developments by explaining this year’s ‘windows of opportunity’ overseen by four separate governments, in which the definition of the problem, feasibility of each solution, and motive of policymakers to select one, connects strongly to the previous U-turn. A policy solution that had been rejected during the first window became a lifeline during the second and a likely choice during the third. This action solved an immediate crisis despite exacerbating the problem that ministers had previously sought to avoid (‘grade inflation’). It produced another year of stark education inequity, but also ensured that inequity went from part of an acute political crisis to its usual status as a chronic low-attention policy problem.
The onset of heterogeneity in the pinch-off of suspension drops
Authors: Thiévenaz Virgile , Sauret Alban 
Published: March 2022

Significance
The pinch-off of a liquid drop extruded from a nozzle is a canonical situation that involves a series of self-similar regimes ending in a finite-time singularity. This configuration allows for exploring capillary flows over a large range of scales. In the case of suspension drops, the presence of particles breaks the self-similarity by introducing a length scale that can be much larger than the particle diameter. This length scale is a signature of the heterogeneities and delimitates a regime, in which a continuum approach of a suspension can be used from a regime where the discrete nature of the particles is involved.