bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Printing Hollow Tubes Using Digital Glass Forming
Authors: Capps Nicholas , Ford Kiva , Goldstein Jonathan , Kinzel Edward 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article investigates printing hollow tubes using the digital glass-forming process. A CO2 laser locally heats continuously fed glass tube feedstock so that it can be plastically deformed. This allows it to be bent and deposited onto a workpiece. The workpiece is positioned relative to the laser using precision four-axis computer numerical control stages. The loading on the laser-heated region is controlled by the stages as well as pneumatic pressure in the tube, which allows the printing complex shapes without the tube collapsing. The bending behavior of freestanding glass structures is examined, focusing on the geometric accuracy and temperature profile of the deformation zone as a function of the process parameters. The application of pneumatic pressure allows the control of the printed tube diameter. Several complex tube geometries deposited on the planar substrates as well as freestanding structures are demonstrated.
Experimental Study of Film Cooling With Favorable and Adverse Pressure Gradients
Authors: Volino Ralph J. , Gillcrist Matthew C. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Film cooling experiments were conducted on a flat wall subject to favorable and adverse pressure gradients with a constant acceleration parameter, K. The test wall included a single row of five round holes in line with the flow direction and inclined at 35 deg to the surface. The hole spacing was 3 diameters. The wall opposite the test wall was moveable and was set to angles with respect to the test wall that produced K values of −0.5 × 10−6, 0, 1 × 10−6, 2 × 10−6, 2.5 × 10−6, and 3 × 10−6. Blowing ratios of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 were tested at each acceleration. The test wall was equipped with constant flux surface heaters, and data were acquired for each flow condition with the wall both heated and unheated. An infrared camera was used to record wall temperature in a region spanning the three center holes and extending 20D downstream of the holes. From these measurements, local film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer coefficients were determined. In the flow, velocity and temperature profiles were acquired using hot-wire anemometry and a traversing thermocouple probe. Particle image velocimetry was used to acquire velocity fields in a plane perpendicular to the flow direction and 10D downstream of the holes. The pressure gradient had a noticeable effect on the flow, with the favorable pressure gradient reducing liftoff and moving the film cooling jets closer to the wall and reducing turbulence levels in the boundary layer. The adverse pressure gradient had the opposite effect. Near the wall, however, the effects of the pressure gradient on the film cooling effectiveness and heat transfer were more subtle.
Digital marketing of formula and baby food negatively influences breast feeding and complementary feeding: a cross-sectional study and video recording of parental exposure in Mexico
Authors: Unar-Munguía Mishel , Santos-Guzmán Andrea , Mota-Castillo Pedro Javier , Ceballos-Rasgado Marena , Tolentino-Mayo Lizbeth , Sachse Aguilera Matthias , Cobo Armijo Fernanda , Barquera Simón , Bonvecchio Anabelle 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThere is little evidence of the association between digital marketing of formula and baby food and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices.ObjectiveAssess parents’ exposure to digital marketing of formula and baby food for children <2 years and its association with the purchase and IYCF practices in Mexico.MethodsParents ≥18 years recruited from a market research panel completed an online survey (n=1074) and capture-on-screen (n=95) between December 2020 and January 2021. Logistic regressions were used to estimate the association between exposure to digital marketing of formula and baby foods with its purchase, motivation, consumption and IYCF practices.ResultsDigital marketing of formula and baby food was self-reported by 93.9% of parents in the online survey and observed by 93.7% in the capture-on-screen. Recorded ads did not comply with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes. Parents who self-reported seeing a higher versus lower number of ads were less likely to exclusive breast feed (OR=0.38; 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.78), and more likely to give mixed feeding (OR=2.59; 95% CI: 1.28 to 5.21), formula (OR=1.84; 95% CI: 1.34 to 2.53), processed foods (OR=2.31; 95% CI: 1.59 to 3.32) and sugary drinks (OR=1.66; 95% CI: 1.09 to 2.54). Higher exposure to ads was associated with a higher chance of purchasing products motivated by nutritional (OR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.28) and organic claims (OR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.21 to 3.72).ConclusionsDigital marketing of formula and baby food may negatively influence IYCF and should be regulated to ensure children’s nutrition and health.
Chinese Consensus Report on Family-Based
Helicobacter pylori
Infection Control and Management (2021 Edition)
Authors: Ding Song-Ze , Du Yi-Qi , Lu Hong , Wang Wei-Hong , Cheng Hong , Chen Shi-Yao , Chen Min-Hu , Chen Wei-Chang , Chen Ye , Fang Jing-Yuan , Gao Heng-Jun , Guo Ming-Zhou , Han Ying , Hou Xiao-Hua , Hu Fu-Lian , Jiang Bo , Jiang Hai-Xing , Lan Chun-Hui , Li Jing-Nan , Li Yan , Li Yan-Qing , Liu Jie , LI You-Ming , Lyu Bin , Lu You-Yong , Miao Ying-Lei , Nie Yong-Zhan , Qian Jia-Ming , Sheng Jian-Qiu , Tang Cheng-Wei , Wang Fen , Wang Hua-Hong , Wang Jiang-Bin , Wang Jing-Tong , Wang Jun-Ping , Wang Xue-Hong , Wu Kai-Chun , Xia Xing-Zhou , Xie Wei-Fen , Xie Yong , Xu Jian-Ming , Yang Chang-Qing , Yang Gui-Bin , Yuan Yuan , Zeng Zhi-Rong , Zhang Bing-Yong , Zhang Gui-Ying , Zhang Guo-Xin , Zhang Jian-Zhong , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Zheng Peng-Yuan , Zhu Yin , Zuo Xiu-Li , Zhou Li-Ya , Lyu Nong-Hua , Yang Yun-Sheng , Li Zhao-Shen 
Published: November 2022

Objective

Helicobacter pylori
infection is mostly a family-based infectious disease. To facilitate its prevention and management, a national consensus meeting was held to review current evidence and propose strategies for population-wide and family-based
H. pylori
infection control and management to reduce the related disease burden.

Methods
Fifty-seven experts from 41 major universities and institutions in 20 provinces/regions of mainland China were invited to review evidence and modify statements using Delphi process and grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation system. The consensus level was defined as ≥80% for agreement on the proposed statements.

Results

Experts discussed and modified the original 23 statements on family-based
H. pylori
infection transmission, control and management, and reached consensus on 16 statements. The final report consists of three parts: (1)
H. pylori
infection and transmission among family members, (2) prevention and management of
H. pylori
infection in children and elderly people within households, and (3) strategies for prevention and management of
H. pylori
infection for family members. In addition to the ‘test-and-treat’ and ‘screen-and-treat’ strategies, this consensus also introduced a novel third ‘family-based
H. pylori
infection control and management’ strategy to prevent its intrafamilial transmission and development of related diseases.

Conclusion

H. pylori
is transmissible from person to person, and among family members. A family-based
H. pylori
prevention and eradication strategy would be a suitable approach to prevent its intra-familial transmission and related diseases. The notion and practice would be beneficial not only for Chinese residents but also valuable as a reference for other highly infected areas.
Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 during the first three waves in Scotland: a national record linkage study
Authors: Leslie Kirstin , Findlay Beth , Ryan Theresa , Green Leonardo I , Harvey Ciaran , Whettlock Alice E , Bishop Jen , Ponce Hardy Vicki , Went April , Wallace Lesley , McLeod Allan , Weir Amanda , Marsh Kimberly 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe early COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland—defined as the era before widespread access to vaccination and monoclonal antibody treatment—can be characterised into three distinct waves: March–July 2020, July 2020–April 2021 and May–August 2021. Each wave was met with various societal restrictions in an effort to reduce disease transmission and associated morbidity and mortality. Understanding the epidemiology of infections during these waves can provide valuable insights into future pandemic planning.MethodsScottish RT-PCR testing data reported up until 8 August 2021, the day prior to most restrictions being lifted in Scotland, were included. Demographic characteristics including age, sex and social deprivation associated with transmission, morbidity and mortality were compared across waves. A case–control analysis for each wave was then modelled to further compare risk factors associated with death over time.ResultsOf the 349 904 reported cases, there were 18 099, 197 251 and 134 554 in waves 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Hospitalisations, intensive care unit admissions and deaths appeared highest in wave 2, though risk factors associated with COVID-19 death remained similar across the waves. Higher deprivation and certain comorbidities were associated with higher deaths in all waves.ConclusionsDespite the higher number of cases reported in waves 2 and 3, case fatality rates were lower: likely a combination of improved detection of infections in younger age groups, introduction of social measures and vaccination. Higher social deprivation and comorbidities resulted in higher deaths for all waves.
T2-weighted short-tau-inversion-recovery imaging reflects disease
activity of cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Tonegawa-Kuji Reina , Oyama-Manabe Noriko , Aoki Ryosuke , Nagayoshi Shinya , Pawhay Christian Michael Hong , Kusano Kengo , Nakajima Takatomo 
Published: November 2022

Objective
We investigated the diagnostic performance of semi-quantitative
hyperintensity on T2-weighted short-tau-inversion-recovery black-blood
(T2W-STIR-BB) images in identifying active cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) in
patients, and compared it with that
of18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission
tomography (FDG-PET).

Methods
This retrospective study included 40 steroid-naive patients (age
63.1±12.9 years, 20 men) diagnosed with CS who underwent both cardiac
MRI and FDG-PET imaging. Active CS cases were defined as satisfying at
least one of the following criteria for conventional indices:
exacerbation of ventricular arrhythmia, newly identified advanced
atrioventricular block, greater than 5% decrease in left ventricular
ejection fraction on echocardiography, positive finding on
gallium-scintigraphy or elevated levels of sarcoidosis-related serum
biomarkers. T2W-STIR-BB images were semi-quantitatively analysed using a
myocardium-to-spleen ratio (MSR). The diagnostic performance of
T2W-STIR-BB and FDG-PET imaging for detecting active CS was
investigated.

Results
Thirty-three patients satisfied at least one criterion and were
considered as having active CS. Thirty patients (75%) tested positive
with T2W-STIR-BB imaging, and 25 patients (63%) tested positive with
FDG-PET. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and
negative predictive values for identifying active CS by
semi-quantitative MSR on T2W-STIR-BB images were 79%, 43%, 73%, 87% and
30%, respectively. These results were statistically comparable to those
of FDG-PET (70%, 71%, 70%, 92% and 33%, respectively).

Conclusions
When using conventional diagnostic indices for active CS as the gold
standard, T2W-STIR-BB imaging demonstrated comparable diagnostic
performance to that of FDG-PET. The semi-quantitative analysis of high
signal intensity on T2W-STIR-BB images using MSR was useful for
detection of active CS.
Critical appraisal of interventional clinical trials assessing heated tobacco products: a systematic review
Authors: Braznell Sophie , Van Den Akker Amber , Metcalfe Chris , Taylor Gemma M J , Hartmann-Boyce Jamie 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveTo critically assess the methodological characteristics and quality of interventional clinical trials investigating the effects of heated tobacco products (HTPs).Data sourcesWeb of Science (Core collection and MEDLINE), Scopus, MedRxiv, ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP trial databases and transnational HTP manufacturer online publication libraries were searched for clinical trials on HTPs published between January 2010 and April 2022.Study selectionInterventional clinical trials of any design, in which at least one group of adult participants used a currently marketed HTP, were selected by two reviewers with good or very good agreement.Data extractionData relating to trial characteristics and effects of intervention on primary outcomes were extracted using a predesigned form. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool v1.Data synthesis40 trials were included, 29 of which were tobacco industry affiliated. Methodological characteristics, such as registration, design, setting, comparator interventions, participants, outcomes and analyses, varied between trials, though there were few significant differences between industry-affiliated and independent trials. Of the 40 trials, 33 were judged to be at high risk of bias and 6 at unclear risk of bias. Trial findings were not significantly associated with either affiliation or risk of bias.ConclusionsThe conduct and reporting of HTP interventional clinical trials were poor in many respects and limited to investigating effects of short-term exposure. These trials fall short of what is needed to determine whether HTPs are beneficial to public health, meaning they may not be a sound basis for tobacco control policy decisions.
Improving Embryologists’ Sleep Quality: Implementation of a Weight-Based Monitoring System for Gamete and Embryo Cryostorage
Authors: SORBY Kelli , GLAGE Eve 
Published: November 2022

Background: Storage of gametes and embryos in our laboratories represents the highest concentration of risk for an ART clinic. A single storage tank may contain material of several hundred patients and vacuum failure is a scenario that haunts embryologists’ nightmares. Temperature sensors are currently the most prevalent mechanism for ‘alarming’ storage tanks, however, such approaches are akin to closing the gate after the horses have bolted. Aim: To assess the implementation of a fully redundant, weight-based monitoring system for ensuring the security of liquid nitrogen storage tanks in a high-capacity ART unit. Method: Forty flat-bed scales were fitted with alarm conversion units allowing a standard ‘open/closed’ alarm output to be relayed in the event a reading fell below the user defined weight limit. Output was routed through a security monitoring system via phone line and mobile-SIM, with no overlap of the existing, internet-based temperature probe system. Relationship between liquid nitrogen level (HC35 vessel), tank weight and temperature reading (probe positioned at top of canister), was established by sequential measurements. Results: Addition of the flat bed scales proved minimally disruptive to the space allocation per tank, requiring no additional ‘width’ but a slight increase in ‘depth’ behind tanks to accommodate the screen support. As expected, a clear, linear relationship was evident between liquid nitrogen level and tank weight, with every 1cm drop in liquid nitrogen equating to approximately 0.5kg weight loss. Concerningly, the temperature probe remained below -190∘ with just 0.5cm of liquid nitrogen remaining, only rising above the alarm trigger threshold once nitrogen had fully evaporated, resulting in a precipitous rise to above devitrification temperature in a matter of hours. Conclusion: Introducing a weight-based tank monitoring system is both feasible and effective. This system provides vastly superior performance in the timely identification of impending tank failure, allowing ample opportunity to ensure safe relocation of material.
Zircon U–Pb, oxygen and hafnium isotopic characteristics of the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic Betsiboka Suite, Madagascar: tracing source to sink pathways in Proterozoic and Phanerozoic provenance studies
Authors: Archibald Donnelly Brian , Collins Alan S. , Armistead Sheree E. , Foden John D. , Payne Justin L. , Razakamanana Théodore 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic Betsiboka Suite of Madagascar mainly consists of granitoid orthogneiss and migmatite variably metamorphosed to amphibolite and granulite facies during the late Neoproterozoic. New U–Pb zircon data yield emplacement ages of 2512 ± 17, 2507 ± 17, 2493 ± 14 and 2485 ± 16 Ma. Zircon
δ
18
O data indicate involvement of the continental crust during magma genesis. Mostly positive
ε
Hf
(
t
) values plot slightly below the depleted-mantle curve. The isotopic data favour mixing between an older Archean crustal source and a juvenile depleted-mantle source. Possible local crustal candidates for the older component in the exposed Malagasy basement are Neoarchean mafic gneisses in the Tsaratanana Complex and the
c.
3200 Ma Nosy Boraha orthogneiss in the Antongil Domain. The new isotopic data support interpretations from previous studies investigating the genesis of Tonian plutonic rocks advocating crustal melting of a Mesoarchean crustal source in the Antananarivo Domain. In addition, detrital zircon in the Proterozoic Ambatolampy Group and Itremo Group probably had a local source with the same isotopic composition as the Betsiboka Suite. Our study demonstrates the significance of multi-isotopic data from zircon for constraining the sources of detrital zircon grains in sedimentary provenance studies.
Silurian to Cretaceous geological evolution of southern Mexico and its connection to the assembly and break-up of Western Equatorial Pangaea: geochronological constraints from the northern Sierra de Juárez Complex
Authors: Espejo-Bautista Guillermo , Solari Luigi , Maldonado Roberto , Ramírez-Calderón Mónica 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The Sierra de Juárez Complex (SJC) of southern Mexico contains an extensive geological record from Precambrian to Cenozoic, involving Rodinia, NW Gondwana, western equatorial Pangaea, and eastern peninsular Mexico. It is thus critical for palinspastic reconstructions and lithotectonic correlations, mainly between the Mexican and NW South America terranes. In this contribution, we investigate the tectonic evolution of the northern SJC from Silurian to the Lower Cretaceous on the basis of fieldwork, petrography, and zircon U–Pb geochronology by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Our results allow us to constrain five main geological events: (1) Middle Paleozoic sedimentation along NW Gondwana during transtensional tectonics; (2) volcanosedimentary activity between 292 and 281 Ma in NW Gondwana during Rheic Ocean closure; (3) early-middle Permian metamorphism related to flat-slab subduction postdating Pangaea assembly; (4) Lower–Middle Jurassic anatexis and magmatism coeval with regional shearing at
c.
175 Ma influenced by transtensional tectonics along eastern peninsular Mexico during Pangaea tenure; and (5) intermediate to acid magmatism between
c.
136 and 129 Ma, correlated with the Zongolica continental arc in southern Mexico, followed by deep-crustal shearing related to either the formation of the extensional Chivillas basin or the Upper Cretaceous–Cenozoic contractional episode documented in the Cuicateco Terrane.
Mechanisms of MCL-1 Protein Stability Induced by MCL-1 Antagonists in B-Cell Malignancies
Authors: Tantawy Shady I. , Sarkar Aloke , Hubner Stefan , Tan Zhi , Wierda William G. , Eldeib Abdelraouf , Zhang Shuxing , Kornblau Steven , Gandhi Varsha 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Several MCL-1 inhibitors (MCL-1i), including AMG-176 and AZD5991, have shown promise in preclinical studies and are being tested for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. A unique feature of these agents is induction and stability of Mcl-1 protein; however, the precise mechanism is unknown. We aim to study the mechanism of MCL-1i–induced Mcl-1 protein stability.

Experimental Design:
Using several B-cell leukemia and lymphoma cell lines and primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lymphocytes, we evaluated molecular events associated with Mcl-1 protein stability including protein half-life, reverse-phase protein array, protein–protein interaction, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and de-ubiquitination, followed by molecular simulation and modeling.

Results:
Using both in vivo and in vitro analysis, we demonstrate that MCL-1i–induced Mcl-1 protein stability is predominantly associated with defective Mcl-1 ubiquitination and concurrent apoptosis induction in both cell lines and primary CLL subjects. These MCL1i also induced ERK-mediated Mcl-1Thr163 phosphorylation, which partially contributed to Mcl-1 stability. Disruption of Mcl-1:Noxa interaction followed by Noxa degradation, enhanced Mcl-1 de-ubiquitination by USP9x, and Mule destabilization are the major effects of these inhibitors. However, unlike other BH3 proteins, Mule:Mcl-1 interaction was unaffected by MCL-1i. WP1130, a global deubiquitinase (DUB) inhibitor, abrogated Mcl-1 induction reaffirming a critical role of DUBs in the observed Mcl-1 protein stability. Further, in vitro ubiquitination studies of Mcl-1 showed distinct difference among these inhibitors.

Conclusions:
We conclude that MCL-1i blocked Mcl-1 ubiquitination via enhanced de-ubiquitination and dissociation of Mcl-1 from Noxa, Bak and Bax, and Mule de-stabilization. These are critical events associated with increased Mcl-1 protein stability with AMG-176 and AZD5991.
Triple-Negative PAM50 Non-Basal Breast Cancer Subtype Predicts Benefit from Extended Adjuvant Capecitabine
Authors: Asleh Karama , Lluch Ana , Goytain Angela , Barrios Carlos , Wang Xue Q. , Torrecillas Laura , Gao Dongxia , Ruiz-Borrego Manuel , Leung Samuel , Bines José , Guerrero-Zotano Ángel , García-Sáenz Jose Ángel , Cejalvo Juan Miguel , Herranz Jesus , Torres Roberto , Haba-Rodriguez Juan de la , Ayala Francisco , Gómez Henry , Rojo Federico , Nielsen Torsten O. , Martin Miguel 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Purpose:
Predictive biomarkers for capecitabine benefit in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have been recently proposed using samples from phase III clinical trials, including non-basal phenotype and biomarkers related to angiogenesis, stroma, and capecitabine activation genes. We aimed to validate these findings on the larger phase III GEICAM/CIBOMA clinical trial.

Experimental Design:
Tumor tissues from patients with TNBC randomized to standard (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy followed by capecitabine versus observation were analyzed using a 164-gene NanoString custom nCounter codeset measuring mRNA expression. A prespecified statistical plan sought to verify the predictive capacity of PAM50 non-basal molecular subtype and tested the hypotheses that breast tumors with increased expression of (meta)genes for cytotoxic cells, mast cells, endothelial cells, PDL2, and 38 individual genes benefit from adjuvant capecitabine for distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS; primary endpoint) and overall survival.

Results:
Of the 876 women enrolled in the GEICAM/CIBOMA trial, 658 (75%) were evaluable for analysis (337 with capecitabine and 321 without). Of these cases, 553 (84%) were profiled as PAM50 basal-like whereas 105 (16%) were PAM50 non-basal. Non-basal subtype was the most significant predictor for capecitabine benefit [HRcapecitabine, 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07–0.54; P &lt; 0.001] when compared with PAM50 basal-like (HRcapecitabine, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.63–1.28; P = 0.55; Pinteraction&lt;0.001, adjusted P value = 0.01). Analysis of biological processes related to PAM50 non-basal subtype revealed its enrichment for mast cells, extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and features of mesenchymal stem-like TNBC subtype.

Conclusions:
In this prespecified correlative analysis of the GEICAM/CIBOMA trial, PAM50 non-basal status identified patients with early-stage TNBC most likely to benefit from capecitabine.