bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La efectividad del Protocolo n.º 16 al Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos y su potencial impacto constitucional en España
Authors: Tomás Mallén Beatriz 
Published: June 2022

El artículo aborda el Protocolo n.º 16 al CEDH como un instrumento positivo para el diálogo judicial y la efectiva protección multinivel de los derechos fundamentales. Dicha aproximación se enfatiza en la parte I, junto con la praxis de la jurisdicción consultiva del TEDH desde la entrada en vigor del Protocolo n.º 16 el 1 de agosto de 2018. En la parte II se examina la virtualidad y efectividad del Protocolo n.º 16 en España criticando, de un lado, la incomprensible posición española reticente hacia la aceptación de dicho Protocolo y, de otro lado, su potencial impacto constitucional indirecto en nuestro país. La parte III pone el foco de interés en la proyección del Protocolo n.º 16 en el seno de la Unión Europea y en la necesidad de articular la triple relación entre el TEDH, el TJUE y los tribunales nacionales. Por último, la parte IV incluye unas conclusiones y propuestas finales tendentes a subrayar el papel del Protocolo n.º 16 como vector de optimización del sistema constitucional español de derechos fundamentales.
Recibido: 15.05.2022Aceptado: 14.06.2022
Exploring EFL Higher Education Learners’ Attitudes Toward Writing Skills Process
Authors: Amri Samsul 
Published: June 2022

Learners' writing attitudes have been heavily debated as a research topic. The main objective of this current investigation is to explore the learners' attitudes towards the writing process and functions at the higher education level. It is designed as a quantitative approach, with the design as survey research. Thirty-five learners of the English Study Program of FKIP Universitas Islam Indragiri were chosen as the samples. The researcher utilized a questionnaire designed on a Likert scale in obtaining the data. Then the data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, which included individual scores, percentages, mean scores, and attitude level. The findings indicate that the learners' attitudes toward the writing process and functions ranged in the mean score of 3.83, which was categorized as a positive attitude. Therefore, it can be inferred that they have good skills for writing because they have a positive attitude toward writing.
Remote Learning in an EFL Classroom from Environment Analysis Viewpoint: A Case Study of a Grammar Class
Authors: Isti'anatul Hikmah  , Dita Surwanti  
Published: June 2022

Remote learning used in a grammar class that was analyzed using environment analysis was the discussion in this study. It specifically referred to one grammar class, so the domain of this research was a qualitative case study. The data were taken using observation, interview, and document technique. The interpretative analysis was used to analyze the data using environment analysis theory that covers students, lecturer, and situation. The results of this study pointed out three points namely the types of problems taken from students and lecturer’s perspective, and situation observation during the implementation of remote learning in a grammar class. The problems occurred from students’ perspective were technical and non-technical problems; the obstructions from lecturer’s perspective were technical problems; and the obstacles taken from observed situation were the less percentage of students’ participation during opening and closing activities, the droning types of activities during opening, and the excluding technology used during opening and closing activities.

Keywords: environment analysis; EFL classroom; grammar class; remote learning
Law Riview Keindependensian Komnas HAM (the fourth branch of the government); Perspektif Pancasila, Konstitusi, dan Budaya
Authors: Ferdinan Manuel Elkristi 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The birth of the National Commission of Human Rights (Komnas HAM) through the Presidential Decree caused pessimism in the community regarding its dependence. In addition, Komnas HAM was also formed at the international insistence to immediately establish a Commission at the national level. This has resulted in a very strong government influence. As the fourth branch of the government, the commission has a central role in the protection and promotion of human rights in Indonesia. The independence of this institution can be seen from the history of Indonesia which has its own characteristics without compromise with the invaders. This can be an example for Komnas HAM in acting and acting where currently, there is a phenomenon where institutions in Indonesia can no longer be said to be independent. In this study, the authors tried to present a different perspective, namely Pancasila, Constituent and Culture, to be able to provide solutions to human rights problems in Indonesia, as well as the attitude and role of Komnas HAM in its independence. To be able to provide solutions to the problem, researchers use legal research that is normative.
Degree of Applying Quality Standards in the Program of Preparing Special Education Teachers at the University of Princess Noura bint Abdurrahman in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from the Female Students’ Perspective:A comparative Study between 2014 and 2017
Authors: Qadan Hanadi A 
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to find out the degree of applying the quality standards within the program of preparing special education teachers at the University of Princess Noura bint Abdurrahman in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the year 2017 compared to 2014. The study sample consisted of (108) students from eighth level, at the Faculty of Education – special education program in 2017. This sample was compared with a sample of (63) students with whom the research tool was used in 2014. To collect the data, a questionnaire consisting of (59) items was developed and classified into six themes: program objectives, curriculum, and methods of teaching, evaluation, facilities, equipment, and field training. The statistical analysis showed that the degree of applying quality standards in the program of preparing teachers of special education at the University of Princess Noura bint Abdurrahman in 2017 was generally rated as high. There were no statistical differences according to the variable of cumulative average. Also, the results revealed statistically significant differences in the degree of applying quality standards in the program of preparing teachers of special education at the University of Princess Noura Bint Abdurrahman in the period 2014-2017 in favor of 2017. It was recommended that total quality standards should be applied so as to achieve the target efficiency which aims to reach the specific objectives in the strategic plan of the university, faculty and department, and to ultimately achieve the national academic accreditation. It was also recommended to keep practicing standards of quality in order to achieve global standards.
Keywords: Quality standards, Special education, Teacher education program, Princess Noura Bint Abdurrahman University, Female students, Comparative study.
A Proposed Educational Model to Improve the Operations of Knowledge-Exchange between MOE and Higher Education Institutions in Jordan
Authors: Salem Husni Ana,am Ali , Qudah "Mohammed Amin" Hamed 
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to build a proposed educational model for improving knowledge-exchange processes between the Ministry of Education and Higher Education institutions in Jordan. The sample of the study consisted of (301) educational leaders: (158) academic staff members from the Faculty of Educational Sciences – University of Jordan – and the Faculty of Education in Yarmouk University; and (143) members from the center of Jordanian Ministry of Education for the academic year 2016/2017. To achieve the aims of the study, the researcher built a questionnaire, consisting of (88) items as tool for collecting data. The research tool was checked for its validity and reliability semantics. To analyze the data, means and standard deviation were used.
The results of the study showed that the educational leaders rated the degree of practicing knowledge-exchange processes between Jordanian Ministry of Education and Higher Education institutions in Jordan as (moderate). Also, they rated the obstacles that face knowledge-exchange processes as (moderate). The study concluded with a proposed educational model for improving knowledge-exchange processes between the Ministry of Education and Higher Education institutions in Jordan, and recommended to be approved and applied in Jordan.
Keywords: A Proposed educational model, Knowledge-exchange processes, Practicing degree, Obstacles, Jordanian Universities, Jordanian Ministry of Education
E-Business Management as an Approach to Improve the Quality of Educational Services at Palestinian Universities: A Case Study of Al-Azhar University of Gaza
Authors: Meghari Soha Esam , El Ngeli Raghda Mahmoud , Rady Mervat M.M. 
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to identify how far Al-Azhar University applies e-business management and achieves quality of educational services. It also intended to examine the influence of e-business (planning, organization, direction, and control) on the quality of educational services. The study also aimed to identify significant differences among the participants’ responses with regard to the influence of e-business on the quality of educational services due to position, education, and experience. The study population consisted of all the university employees (except service staff) which were (570) employees. The study sample was randomly selected. 138 questionnaires were distributed, of which 120 questionnaires were investigated for the purpose of this study. The study concluded with the following findings:

The level of e-business management implementation was weak at the university.
There was a positive relationship between e-business management and the quality of educational services.
There were no significant differences in the participants’ responses with regard to the influence of e-business on the quality of educational services due to position. However, there were significant differences attributed to education and experience.

Keywords: E-business management, Quality of educational services, Electronic planning.
Effectiveness of the teaching practice program for preparing students teachers at Education Faculty in Arhab – Sana'a University from Students’ perspectives in the Academic year 2015/2016
Authors: Al-Duais Ruqiah Naji 
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to explore the degree of effectiveness of teaching practice course in the bachelor degree of Teacher Education Preparation at the Faculty of Education, in Sana'a University – Arhab branch, from Students’ perspectives in the Academic year 2016/2017. To achieve this aim, a questionnaire, consisting of 61 items was developed. The questionnaire covered four dimensions: educational supervisor, cooperative teacher, cooperative school, and development of educational competencies. A sample of (66) students were selected randomly from the fourth level. The study results showed that the highest degree of effectiveness was in the dimension of “development of educational competencies” which scored a mean of (3.02), which also indicated a medium degree of effectiveness. The next score was to the dimension of “educational supervisor” which was (2.63). The other two dimensions, “the cooperating teacher” and “the cooperating school”, scored the means of (1.40), (1.86) respectively. These two values indicate low degree of effectiveness. Finally, the study presented recommendations that would contribute to the development of the teaching practice program in the colleges of education of Sana'a University to achieve the desired objectives.
Keywords: Teaching practice, Faculty of Education, Arhab, Sana'a University, Student teacher preparation
Assessment of Quality Performance Indicators of Research at King Khalid University and Mechanisms for Improvement
Authors: Alghtaini Abdulaziz Bin Said.M. 
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to assess quality performance indicators of scientific research in light of international ranking at King Khalid University and to identify appropriate mechanisms that can contribute to the quality of scientific research at King Khalid University. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive method was used by administering a survey to measure the quality indicators of scientific research by using the data provided by the Deanship of Scientific Research. A questionnaire was also used to identify the appropriate mechanisms that could contribute to the quality of scientific research at King Khalid University to a sample of (681) faculty members selected by the complete census method. The study findings revealed that the appropriate mechanisms that can contribute to the quality of scientific research at King Khalid University that are related to the faculty members scored (high) degree at a mean of (3.46); and those related to the department and the college scored (high) degree at a mean of (3.46). Those related to university administration scored a medium degree at a mean of (3.37), whereas those related to the external community scored (high) degree at a mean of (3.45). There was no statistically significant difference in the questionnaires about (type of college - specialization). The study recommended that research should be marketed by modern technology, provide logistic and financial support to research, make reference comparisons in the field of scientific research, prepare a fair policy for intellectual property, encourage faculty members to get promoted and attend training programs in the field of research.
Keywords: performance indicators, ranking, quality of scientific research, mechanisms of improvement.
Level of Educational Programs Provided to Students with Disabilities at the Academy of Tayeb Ali Taha in Kosti City
Authors: Abuelgassim Awadallah Mohammed , Mohana Hanadi Eassa 
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to identify the level of effectiveness of educational programs provided to students with disabilities at the Academy of Tayeb Ali Taha in Kosti, in light of the international standards of special education. The researchers used the descriptive correlational method. To collect data, indicators of the international standards of special education, which include strategic planning, educational administration, educational environment, educational programs, family participation, integration and transition services, and evaluation, were applied. The indicators were used with a purposive sample of (34) employees of Al Tayeb Ali Academy for Special Needs. The SPSS software was used for data analysis. Major results revealed a low level of effectiveness of the programs presented in light of the international standards of education with a mean of (2.28) at the level of statistical significance (0.05). Findings also revealed significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) and a mean of (41.83), which indicates the highest level of effectiveness. The mean of effectiveness of the educational environment dimension was (37.166); the dimension of administration and workers scored a low medium mean of (27.25); and the dimension of integration and transition services scored a mean of (25 33). The lowest level of effectiveness of the dimensions: the participation of the family scored a mean of (16.58), and the strategic planning scored a mean of (19.50). The study recommended preparing trained teams to evaluate the effectiveness of the standards for the different programs and services provided to students with disabilities in the "White Nile State", implementing accountability system, and rolling out the criteria and indicators adopted by the Council of Persons with Disabilities to all institutions in the state.
Keywords: educational programs, the disabled, international standards of special education
The antecedents of repurchase intention in Indonesian e-commerce marketplace customers during the COVID-19 pandemic with age as a moderating variable: A study on e-commerce marketplace customers in Java
Authors: Dewi Ayu Savitri , Rohman Fatchur , Hapsari Raditha Dwi Vata 
Published: June 2022

This study aims to examine the factors that affect customers repurchase intention in the e-commerce marketplace during the COVID-19 pandemic on Java Island in Indonesia, using the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theory and UI/UX Concept. Perceived ease of use, shopping experience, e-trust, and age are variables that are predicted to affect e-commerce marketplace repurchase intention behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected through an online survey from e-commerce marketplace customers in Java who have had at least two experiences of purchasing goods or services through e-commerce in Java. In total, 250 valid responses were analyzed to test hypotheses using structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis. The results show that perceived ease of use, shopping experience, and e-trust are found to significantly affect the repurchase intention in e-commerce marketplace. The study also show that e-trust has a role in mediating the relationship between both perceived ease of use towards repurchase intention and shopping experience towards repurchase intention. However, the multi-group analysis did not find any significant differences between shopping experience and repurchase intention across age groups. Finally, this paper ended with some discussions, implications, limitations, and conclusions.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Repeater Back-to-Back pada Perancangan Microwave Menggunakan Teknik Space Diversity
Authors: Jannah Miftakhul , Wahyudi Eka , Manaf Muntaqo Alfin 
Published: June 2022

Di era modern ini pertukaran informasi dan kecepatan data menjadi hal yang sangat penting dan dapat betukar informasi tanpa adanya gangguan. Dalam jurnal ini kami melakukan perancangan jaringan radio gelombang mikro dengan menggunakan space diversity dan repeater back to back dan penelitian pengaruh repeater back to back pada konfigurasi space diversity. Pada perancangan link microwave terdapat sebuah obstacle berupa perbukitan yang menjadi penghalang antara site Banjarnegara dengan site Jagung Pekalongan, obstacle pada perancangan menyebabkan terjadinya diffraction loss sehingga tidak mendapatkan hasil availability yang sesuai target. Penggunaan repeater back to back dan space diversity dalam satu link mampu menghasilkan kehandalan sistem yang optimal. Link transmisi yang jauh dan terrain roughness sebesar 42,67 meter, received signal level -97,66 dBm, fading margin 28,71 dan availability 99,99963% merupakan hasil penggunaan space diversity dengan spasi maksimum 200λ atau 8,58 meter dengan repeater back to back.
Keywords: Gelombang mikro, space diversity, Repeater back to back, Availability, Pathloss 5.0.
Trunk Range of Motion and Patient Outcomes After Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering Versus Posterior Spinal Fusion
Authors: Pahys Joshua M. , Samdani Amer F. , Hwang Steven W. , Warshauer Spencer , Gaughan John P. , Chafetz Ross S. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Anterior vertebral body tethering (AVBT) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is postulated to preserve motion compared with traditional posterior spinal fusion (PSF), but few studies exist to date. We used a validated computerized 3D model to compare trunk motion between patients treated with PSF and AVBT, and analyzed trunk motion in relation to the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV).

Methods:
This was a single-center retrospective review of a consecutive series of skeletally immature patients with AIS who underwent motion analysis prior to PSF (n = 47) or AVBT (n = 65) and 2 years postoperatively. Patients were divided into 4 groups on the basis of the LIV (≤L1, L2, L3, L4). Computerized 3D kinematic evaluations included thoracic and lumbar flexion, extension, side-bending, and rotation. Patient outcomes were assessed using the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 questionnaire.

Results:
The LIV was ≤L1 in 48 patients treated with AVBT and 23 treated with PSF, L2 in 4 AVBT and 8 PSF patients, L3 in 10 AVBT and 8 PSF patients, and L4 in 3 AVBT and 8 PSF patients. PSF patients had a significant loss of motion in all 4 directions at 2 years postoperatively (e.g., flexion loss was 11° for ≤L1 to 30° for L4; p < 0.001). This equated to a 7° loss of trunk flexion per additional LIV level included in the fusion. AVBT patients only demonstrated loss of flexion and side-bending at 2 years postoperatively (e.g., flexion loss of 11° for L1 to 17° for L4; p < 0.001). Preoperative curve size and flexibility did not have any significant impact on differences in trunk motion between AVBT and PSF. SRS-22 scores were predominantly similar for AVBT versus PSF preoperatively and at 2 years postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Patients treated with AVBT experienced predominantly less motion loss compared with PSF patients at 2 years postoperatively. Patients treated with PSF demonstrated loss of motion in all planes that increased with each additional LIV from ≤L1 to L4, with 7° loss of flexion per additional LIV. However, the differences in total trunk motions were relatively modest for PSF and AVBT with an LIV of ≤L1. Preoperative curve magnitude and flexibility had no significant impact on trunk motion in either group. SRS-22 scores were similar for both groups at 2 years postoperatively.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Revision Total Ankle Arthroplasty Using the INBONE II Prosthesis
Authors: Jamjoom Bakur A. , Siddiqui Bobby M. , Salem Hatem , Raglan Martin , Dhar Sunil 
Published: June 2022

Background:
The literature on the outcome of revision total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) remains limited. In this study, we aimed to report the clinical and radiographic outcomes of revision TAA at a high-volume center in the United Kingdom.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective review of 28 patients who underwent 29 revision TAAs using the INBONE II Total Ankle System (Wright Medical Technology/Stryker). Demographic, radiographic, and patient-reported outcome measure data were analyzed.

Results:
The mean duration from primary TAA to revision was 87.5 months (range, 16 to 223 months). The main indication for the revision was aseptic loosening after the primary TAA (83%). Additional procedures were required in 76% of ankles. At a mean follow-up of 40 months (range, 24 to 60 months), the infection rate was 7%, the reoperation rate was 7%, and the implant survival rate was 97%. A significant postoperative improvement in the radiographic component alignment measures was observed. The subsidence, loosening, and heterotopic ossification rates in this study were comparable with those in other reports and did not influence the clinical outcome. A significant improvement was observed in the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) in all domains and the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) in 3 domains at 24 months postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Revision TAA using the INBONE II prosthesis was associated with good short-term survival and improvement in postoperative scores at 2 years. Maintenance of the postoperatively improved alignment was documented at the follow-up. The results of this study support the notion that revision TAA is a satisfactory option for failed primary TAA.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.