bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibrewise Fuzzy Separation Axioms
Authors: Hussain MA , Yousif YY 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Within that research, we introduce fibrewise fuzzy types of the most important separation axioms in ordinary fuzz topology, namely fibrewise fuzzy (T 0 spaces, T 1 spaces, R 0 spaces, Hausdorff spaces, functionally Hausdorff spaces, regular spaces, completely regular spaces, normal spaces, and normal spaces). Too we add numerous outcomes about it.
Synthesis of nanostructure Ta2O5 coatings using plasma reactive sputtering technique for optical filter application
Authors: Abdulhamied zainab T. , Khalaf Hanaa K. , Hamoody Luma J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Titanium bentoxide Ta2O5 deposited on glass substrates by were heated to 400 °C for 1, 2 and 6 hours. The as-deposited Ta2O5 films deposited by DC reactive sputtering show amorphous structure, the structure improved to crystalline after increasing annealing temperature. When the annealing time rises to 6 hours, Ta2O5 films with β-phase structure was obtained. The basic and optical properties of arranged films have been considered utilizing XRD and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The XRD comes about appeared that all films are polycrystalline in nature with orthorhombic structure and favored introduction along (0140) plane. The crystallite size was calculated using Scherrer formula and it is found that the 2 hrs sputtering time, 3Kv, 10Amp and 4×10-2mbar. Maximum crystallite size was (27.5nm). The absorbance and transmittance spectra have been recorded in the wavelength extend of (300-1000) nm in arrange to think about the optical properties. The optical energy gap for permitted direct electronic move was calculated using Tauc condition with regard to vitality of photon. It is found that the band gap increases with increasing annealing times and its ranges between 3.2 eV and 3.75 eV for the prepared Ta2O5 thin films.
Improved Bacterial Detection Limit via Wet KOH Etching Pathway Enhanced by Laser
Authors: Youssef Ali Ahmed , Chasb Aseel Adel , Alwan Alwan Mohamed 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Laser with a fixed wavelength (405nm) at different values of intensities (50, 100, 150, 200 mW/cm2) were used to re synthesis Si nano- pillars as based SERS active substrates. The idea was to form SERS devices with high enhancement factor to sense the low residence of bacteria. The results exposed that the topographical features of the Si nano-pillars layer and so, the performance of SERS sensor could be well- controlled via the adjusting of laser intensity through the laser assisted Wet KOH process. The SERS sensing of low concentrations of shows highest bacterial enhancement factor (E.F = 30.1 × 105) and minimum detection limit (LOD = 3.30 Cfu/ml) were realized from high altitude Si nano- pillars; partly populated with three dimensions AgNPs layer, and the use of 150 mW/cm2 laser power density.
Numerical analysis of strongly coupled multicore photonic crystal fibres for multiplexer and de-multiplexer applications
Authors: Mohammed M , Ahmad A K 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this study, the coupling properties of multicore photonic crystal fibers (MCPCFs) are analyzed numerically using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5, based on the finite element method. The dependence of the coupling properties on the structure of the MCPCFs and the wavelength are investigated to realize applications such as multiplexers-demultiplexers for wavelength division multiplexing. The effective mode indexes and transverse electric field distributions of multiple cores are evaluated for different spatial configurations of identical and non-identical cores. A slight change in the central core diameter relative to adjacent cores leads to non-identical cores that lead to wavelength-dependent coupling properties, such as the coupling lengths and strength of the coefficients. The results show that the coupling lengths become longer and the strength coefficients become smaller as the wavelength decreases for non-identical cores than the identical cores. The introduction of anisotropy to all core diameters shows that the coupling lengths become longer and the strength of the coefficients become smaller as the wavelength decreases as well, and both values become lower than the ones for non-identical cores. These results prove that coupling lengths of MCPCF couplers are significantly shorter in μm compared to conventional multicore optical fiber couplers.
Comparing the role of NaOH and NH4OH on structural and magnetic properties of spinel Ba ferrite synthesized by autocombustion method
Authors: Abdel-Mohsen L H , Lafta S H , Hashim M Sh 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A comparison between using NaOH and NH4OH for synthesizing nano Ni0.1Ba0.9Fe2O4 via autocombustion method was done. During the preparation of the two samples, metal salts were dissolved in distilled water and then the two chemical bases were added separately till pH reaches 7.5. The samples were fired at 600°C for 2h. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) tests were utilized to characterize the samples. XRD test showed a spinel cubic pattern for the two samples and their lattice constants were comparable to that in literature. The calculated crystallite sizes for the two samples were so approximated. SEM images showed a greater average spherical particle size for the prepared sample by NH4OH. FTIR analysis illustrated some reaction residuals in the samples prepared by NaOH. The sample prepared by NH4OH showed higher magnetization saturation and low coercivity. Depending on particle size and squarness ratio, the sample prepared by NaOH is more super paramagnetic compared to the other.
A New Approach for Optimal Management of Solar Energy Systems
Authors: Wabdan Ahmed Ali , Betti Ahmad M. , Hassoon Zanaib k. , Al-Fayyadh Hayder Rahm Dakheel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

In this article, a solar-powered photovoltaic system offers a clean energy solution to this challenge; this system is rapidly developing worldwide. Solar energy is believed to be able to meet 2% of the world’s energy requirements, and this system are designed to generate electricity for specific needs, The global development of solar systems, as well as indicators, prices and efficiency of these systems, especially in Iraq, was studied, and a model and integrated system was designed to feed one of the homes in Iraq. proposed Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control loop and using the best techniques Perturb and Observe (P&O) Algorithm extracting maximum power from PV module under different solar irradiation. Various scenarios involving environmental parameters such as temperature and radiation are presented to demonstrate the theoretical analysis, effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed energy management technique.
Effect of variation biomass on the properties of iron oxide NPs for hydrolysis of methylene blue dye
Authors: Aziz Wisam J , jumaa Aya , Abid Muslim A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Three plants extracts of Eucalyptus, Pomegranate and Oolong tea leaves have been used to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticles. The structure and particle size of the nanoparticles have been investigated by XRD spectrum. The results exhibit the polycrystalline nature of the material with a size around (17-19 nm). FESEM analysis showed that using different extracts as a reduction and capping agent might affect the shape of nanoparticles such as forming of round, polygon and irregular shapes under the same conditions. The photo catalyst activity of the prepared NPs in the degradation of MB dye has been investigated. the results showed a good efficiency reached to 91%, 88% and 80%.
Preparation and Characterization of CuO Nanostructured Thin Films by Chemical Bath Deposition
Authors: Sadiq Zainab M. , Hassan Mustafa A. , Hassoon Khaleel I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this work, copper oxide (CuO) thinfilms are prepared by chemical bath deposition technique (CBD). The films are investigated with respect to annealing temperature and molar concentration. According to XRD analysis, all the prepared thin films were polycrystalline with monoclinic structures and almost oriented at the planes (002) and (111). FESEM analysis revealed rod-like shapes. The observed bandgap value of copper oxide thin films ranged from 1.65 eV to 1.59 eV. CuO film exhibits high absorption in the visible spectrum. This activity is particularly intriguing in terms of the use of CuO as an absorber layer in solar cells. Moreover, the electrical conductivity and the activation energy of CuO were found to be influenced by the molar concentration and annealing temperatures. These findings show that CuO films prepared by the CBD method can be used to fabricate optoelectronic devices.
Effect of Mg doping on the optical properties of nanostructures CdO Thin film
Authors: Mishjil Khudheir A , Othman M. S. , Abdulsada Ali H , Rashid Hayfa G , Habubi Nadir F 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The performance of first principles computations of nanostructured CdO and Cdo:Mg grown by spray pyrolysis method (SPM) was studied, using density functional theory (DFT)). The structural and optical behaviour with XRD and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. DFT displayed that Cd32O32 cluster and doped magnesium have cubic with rock salt structures. The optical bandgap of nanostructure films were obtained, while theoretically calculated for Mg-doped CdO cubic structures. The optical data displayed that the magnesium doped increase optical energy gap. Moreover, Optical results displayed that reflectivity of the nanostructure films varied from (400–900 nm) range with doping. While experimental transmittance was increased about 55% for 4% and decreased to 48% for 8% concentrations.
Comprehensive Overview on Millimeter Wave Communications for 5G Networks Concentrating on Propagation Models for Different Urban Environments
Authors: Talib Mushtaq , Aripin Norazizah Binti Mohd , Othman Noor Shamsiah , Sallomi Adheed Hasan 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The global shortage of bandwidth prompted wireless carriers to move towards millimeter wave frequencies (mm-wave), a frequency spectrum that is underutilized by broadband communications networks. Despite the large number of studies and researches on the issue of millimeter wave propagation in outdoor and indoor environments, specifically environments with high population density, the issue of millimeter wave propagation in those environments remains somewhat ambiguous. For the exact purpose of the design and operation of the fifth-generation networks operating within the millimeter frequency spectrum, it has become necessary to obtain information about the wave propagation within those different environments. This paper presents a description of the wave propagation parameters and channel modeling prepared by several international groups, such as line and non-line of-sight (LOS & NLOS) probabilities and different propagation models to understand the mechanism of wave propagation within the millimeter range (0.5–70 GHz). This paper deals with simulating radio wave propagation in favour of different outdoor scenarios, calculating the path loss in several models and determining which models are most appropriate and best for certain environments.
NiAl-Cl LDH in-situ grown on graphene oxide by a one-step hydrothermal method towards high performance cathode of supercapacitor
Authors: Lv Huifang , Wang Yan , Chen Zexiang , Rao Haibo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To meet the demands of modern vehicles and electronic devices, an increasing number of new materials for the cathode of high-performance supercapacitors have been studied in depth. Here, GO/NA-Cl composites were successfully fabricated by in-situ grow NiAl layered double hydroxide (NiAl LDH) nanosheets on graphene oxide (GO) flakes through one-step hydrothermal procedure for the cathode of supercapacitor. The image of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited that the NiAl-Cl LDH nanosheets were evenly and vertically arranged on the GO flakes and interlaced to form a network structure, presenting a considerable surface area, which afford abundant active sites in contact with the electrolyte and alleviate the expansion of GO/NA-Cl during the process of electrochemical reaction to improve its stability. The results of electrochemical test show that the GO/NA-Cl is a typical pseudocapacitive material, which provides a prominent specific capacity of 1573 F/g at 1 A/g, and superior rate property (the rate of capacity retention is 62% even at 20 A/g). Furthermore, the GO/NA-Cl electrode shows a superior cycling life after 1000 cycles at 1 A/g with about 80% capacitance retention.
Analysis System of the Curing Degree of CFRP Products Based on MATLAB
Authors: Yu Bo , Zhu Nan , Chi Bo , Chen Yuning , Wang Wei , Liu Jiaqiu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) have great application prospects in the aerospace field by virtue of their excellent mechanical properties. In the molding process of CFRP products, the curing degree is an important characterization parameter of CFRP. By taking the heating rate, holding time, holding temperature, and cooling rate of the CFRP curing process curve as input data based on MATLAB and relying on an artificial neuron network algorithm, the accurate simulation values of the curing degree of CFRP are obtained, thereby achieving high-accuracy prediction of the curing degree of CFRP. This system can predict the curing degree of CFRP for a given matrix material, reinforcing material, and molding process, with good reliability and high precision. Therefore, this system has a good application prospect in predicting the curing degree of CFRP, and it will have a broad application prospect even in the aerospace field.
Study on fretting wear properties of medical Mg-2.0Zn-1.6Ca alloy
Authors: Guo Xuan , Song Yuwei , Sang Shunheng , Qiao Yang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Due to its good biocompatibility and biomechanics, magnesium alloy has made great progress in the application of absorbable and implantable biomedical materials in recent years. At the same time, the disadvantages of magnesium alloy materials are more obvious. Because of its poor wear resistance, magnesium alloy is easy to fret with human bones after being implanted as a bone plate, resulting in wear pits and failure. In this paper, magnesium alloy was prepared, calcium and zinc elements were added into pure magnesium according to a certain proportion, and then the magnesium alloy with excellent performance was formed by solid solution treatment and extrusion strengthening. After that, fretting friction type, friction coefficient and wear pits were studied by fretting wear test. The results show that with the decrease of extrusion temperature, the surface hardness increases and the friction coefficient decreases, which is very beneficial to improve the wear resistance of the workpiece. The purpose of this paper is to improve the fretting wear performance of magnesium alloys, and to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the preparation, processing and application of high-performance medical magnesium alloys.
A comprehensive review on applications of 3D printing in natural fibers polymer composites for biomedical applications
Authors: Chohan Jasgurpreet Singh , Kumar Raman , Singh Sandeep , Sharma Shubham , Ilyas R A 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Over the past few decades, three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies have surpassed the conventional manufacturing techniques due to their wide applications and advantages. The applications of 3D printing in biomedical field is ever increasing due to improvement in accuracy and surface quality of products. The development of biomedical implants through patient specific data and rapid tooling techniques has revolutionized the research activities. Now-a-days, the metal printers have capability to directly create metal implants using biocompatible metallic alloys. This paper focuses on the potential applications of 3D printing in biomedical fields with specific emphasis on tissue engineering and bio-printing of organs using bio-inks. This paper also reviews various biocompatible and biodegradable materials used in recent in-vivo and in-vitro studies. It has been deduced from the study that use of natural fibers in polymers resulted in improved mechanical strength of products. Also, the implementation of additive manufacturing technologies for production of composites would lead to production of customized product.
A study on the hybrid polystyrene composite filled with elephant-grass-biochar and doped-aluminium-content
Authors: Adeniyi Adewale George , Abdulkareem Sulyman A , Ighalo Joshua O , Abdulkareem Maryam T , Iwuozor Kingsley O , Emenike Ebuka Chizitere 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the crystallographic, functional group and microstructural analysis of elephant grass biochar reinforced hybrid polystyrene composite doped with aluminium. The composites were prepared by the mixing and hand-layup technique. Composites were characterised by x-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. It was observed that crystallographic properties of the composite were improved by aluminium doping. Crystallite size and d-spacing were found to decrease from 6.3542 to 5.2453 nm and 3.183 to 2.362 Å respectively due to 8% aluminium doping. Functional group analysis revealed that doping affected interactions between biochar and polystyrene resin. Microstructural analysis revealed that dispersion was optimal at 2% doping and interfacial adhesion was optimal at 8% doping.
Attention feature fusion network for small traffic sign detection
Authors: Wu Miaozhi , Yang Jingmin , Zhang Wenjie , Zheng Yifeng , Liao Jianxin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Object detection has made great progress with the rise of convolutional neural networks in recent years. Traffic sign detection is a research hotspot for object detection tasks. The existing detection models have the problems of inaccurate positioning and low classification accuracy when detecting small traffic signs. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose a small traffic sign detection method based on YOLOv4. Specifically, we design an attention-based feature fusion module including attention spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) and attention path aggregation networks (APAN). ASPP highlights useful small object information and suppresses invalid interference information in the background. APAN reduces information loss during feature fusion. A large number of experimental results on public datasets show that the method in this paper improves the detection performance of the model. In terms of small traffic sign detection, the method improves YOLOv4 by 12 mAP, and meets the real-time requirements of automatic driving detection (more than 50 FPS).
Introducing ‘Environmental Research: Ecology’—a new journal devoted to addressing global challenges at the interface of environmental and ecological science, biodiversity and conservation
Authors: Goetz Scott J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Environmental Research: Ecology is a new open-access journal focused on addressing important global challenges at the interface of environmental science, large scale ecology, biodiversity and conservation in a way that bridges scientific progress and assessment with efforts relating to impacts of global change, vulnerability, resilience, mitigation and adaptation in the broadest sense. While there are many journals addressing various aspects of ecology, those focused on macroscale changes across ecosystems, biomes and at continental to global scale geographies are far fewer. Because ecosystems across the globe are undergoing enormous changes brought about by human-induced transformations and associated feedbacks to and alteration of the climate system, it is more important than ever that a forum exists for addressing these issues in a fully Open Access publishing venue. Environmental Research: Ecology provides that platform and is supported by an Editorial Board of high profile ecologists covering a broad range of disciplines and geographies.
STtools: a comprehensive software pipeline for ultra-high-resolution spatial transcriptomics data
Authors: Xi Jingyue , Lee Jun Hee , Kang Hyun Min , Jun Goo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Motivation
While there are many software pipelines for analyzing spatial transcriptomics (ST) data, few can process ultra-high-resolution datasets generated by emerging technologies. There is a clear need for new software tools that can handle submicrometer resolution ST data with computational scalability without compromising its resolution.

Results
We developed STtools, a software pipeline that provides a versatile framework to handle ST datasets with various resolutions, such as the ones produced by Seq-Scope (&lt;1 μm), Slide-seq (10 μm) and VISIUM (100 μm). It automatically processes raw FASTQ files and runs downstream analyses at several folds higher resolution than existing methods. It also generates various visualizations including transcriptome density, cell type mapping, marker gene highlighting and subcellular architectures.

Availability and implementation
STtools is publically available for download at https://github.com/seqscope/STtools

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
The smallest area shaped a big problem: a revision of the placement of the Ventania sky island in the biogeography of South America
Authors: Guerrero Elián L , Apodaca María José 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe placement of the southern border of the Neotropical region, called the Subtropical Line, is a long-lasting point of discussion. Its most debatable section runs around the Pampean province, where an isolated mountain system called Ventania has Andean connections surrounded by Neotropical biota. To answer where to place the Subtropical Line, a thorough revision of the biogeography of Ventania is needed. Thus, we characterized Ventania as an area of endemism and conducted a similitude analysis to compare it with surrounding systems using stenoic taxa. Then we compiled the disjunct distributions in Ventania and the phylogenetic information of its endemic taxa to know with which other areas it is related. We also compared the biogeographic differences with Tandilia, the nearest mountain system. We found that Ventania is a small but well-defined area of endemism mostly related to the Andean and South American Transition Zone (SATZ) provinces. Relatedness with the Pampean province is less than had been thought. We suggest that Ventania is a SATZ sky island province, and the smallest continental province of the world. The Subtropical Line should therefore be placed in the southern border of the Pampean province, with Ventania as a SATZ island inside the Neotropical region.