bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of pulsating fluid at nozzle inlet on the output characteristics of common and self‐excited oscillation nozzle
Authors: Feng Chao , Wang Yu , Kong Lingrong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHigh‐speed water jets are key technologies for increased production efficiency in oil drilling, and high‐speed self‐excited oscillating pulsed water jets (SEOPWs) offer many advantages compared to continuous jets for most industrial applications. Therefore, many studies have focused on this topic. However, the current studies on hydraulic pulsed jets have rarely extended to integrated modeling of the high‐speed water jet transmission process. To better apply the SEOPWs, based on fluid mechanics, the theoretical model of the plunger pump–pipeline–nozzle is established, and the sensitivity of different nozzles on the pulsating fluid is studied in the time domain. Furthermore, the vibration characteristics of the nozzle are further investigated in the frequency domain. The results show that the common nozzle has an enlarged role in the pressure amplitude, the Helmholtz nozzle enlarges the pressure peak and amplitude, and the amplification is more obvious with the speedy growth on the plunger pump. However, as the pipeline becomes longer, the difference between the pressure of the inlet and outlet does not change. Therefore, the nozzle is more sensitive to the change in the plunger pump speed. In the frequency domain, the secondary frequency peak for the Helmholtz nozzle is 1.26 times larger than the interference frequency, while it is 1.08 times for the common nozzle. Helmholtz nozzles tend to produce stronger natural vibrations than common nozzles. By comparing the impact force, the experimental results show good agreement with the simulated results. The study provides a theoretical basis for water jet‐assisted drilling in deep wells and lays the foundation for the better application of self‐oscillating impact drilling tools.
The genomic signature of wild-to-crop introgression during the domestication of scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineusL.)
Authors: Guerra-García Azalea , Rojas-Barrera Idalia C. , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey , Papa Roberto , Piñero Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) is one of the five domesticated Phaseolus species. It is cultivated in small-scale agriculture in the highlands of Mesoamerica for its dry seeds and immature pods, and unlike the other domesticated beans, P. coccineus is an open-pollinated legume. Contrasting with its close relative, the common bean, few studies focusing on its domestication history have been conducted. Demographic bottlenecks associated with domestication might reduce genetic diversity and facilitate the accumulation of deleterious mutations. Conversely, introgression from wild relatives could be a source of variation. Using Genotyping by Sequencing data (79,286 single-nucleotide variants) from 237 cultivated and wild samples, we evaluated the demographic history of traditional varieties from different regions of Mexico and looked for evidence of introgression between sympatric wild and cultivated populations. Traditional varieties have high levels of diversity, even though there is evidence of a severe initial genetic bottleneck followed by a population expansion. Introgression from wild to domesticated populations was detected, which might contribute to the recovery of the genetic variation. Introgression has occurred at different times: constantly in the center of Mexico; recently in the North West; and anciently in the South. Several factors are acting together to increase and maintain genetic diversity in P. coccineus cultivars, such as demographic expansion and introgression. Wild relatives represent a valuable genetic resource and have played a key role in scarlet runner bean evolution via introgression into traditional varieties.
Development of antibacterial textiles by cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of volatile thyme active agents
Authors: Türkoğlu Gizem Ceylan , Sarıışık Ayşe Merih , Erkan Gökhan , Erden Emre , Pazarlıoğlu Nurdan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe study aims to develop wash‐resistant antibacterial cotton fabrics without using synthetic chemicals. Therefore, natural active agents of thyme, thymol and carvacrol were selected. The inclusion complexes were formed with β‐cyclodextrin using kneading method which is a simple and reproducible method for the encapsulation with high production yield. Differential scanning calorimeter analysis showed that 1:1 and 1:2 β‐CD: Guest Molecule (M:M) for thymol and carvacrol from different ratios studied has the highest complexation degree as 50% and 100%, respectively. It is also revealed that the volatile agents are retained and showed better thermal stability as a result of complexation. Carvacrol inclusion complexes were found relatively more stable (Zeta potential: −28.2 mV) than thymol complexes with smaller particle sizes (204.9 nm). Chemical structures of the inclusion complexes were revealed with Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. The optimum formulations for each active agent were applied to cotton fabrics as per the impregnation method and the capsule treated fabrics were washed 1, 10 and 20 times. The images exhibited the presence of inclusion complexes on the fabrics after 20 washing cycles. Although the antibacterial efficacy of fabrics decreased with increasing washing, the fabrics showed the antibacterial effect after 20 washes against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. This study showed that the developed products can be an alternative to the other products in the market as the long‐lasting fragrant natural antibacterial.
Analysis of mathematical modeling methods in the processes of underground injection, storage, and conversion of carbon dioxide
Authors: Klimov Dmitry , Zakirov Ernest 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe problem of carbon dioxide utilization is of increasing concern to the public, since measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are no longer sufficient to prevent a global increase in temperature on the planet. Most modeling scenarios show that a significant deployment of negative emission technologies is required. Carbon dioxide is often used as an agent for enhancing hydrocarbon production in the development of oil and gas fields, which is technologically consistent with projects for its utilization and underground storage in depleted reservoirs, saline aquifers, and shale rocks. For the successful implementation of such sequestration projects, it is necessary to conduct a complex of experimental, modeling, and field studies. It is necessary to understand the characteristic physical and chemical changes that occur in a subterranean formation during sequestration processes, such as dissolution, chemical reactions, convective mixing, advective processes, and dispersion. Computer modeling of ongoing processes is seen as a very important task for the correct functioning of such projects. The article deals with topical problems of computer modeling of processes associated with underground injection and storage of carbon dioxide, and also presents the results of laboratory studies on the utilization of carbon dioxide through its catalytic conversion into useful energy resources—hydrogen and hydrocarbons. The findings of this study can help to better understand physicochemical mechanisms that can occur in subterranean formations when carbon dioxide is injected. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pregnane neurosteroids exert opposite effects on GABA and glycine‐induced chloride current in isolated rat neurons
Authors: Solntseva Elena I. , Bukanova Julia V. , Skrebitsky Vladimir G. , Kudova Eva 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe ability of endogenous neurosteroids (NSs) with pregnane skeleton modified at positions C‐3 and C‐5 to modulate the functional activity of inhibitory glycine receptors (GlyR) and ionotropic ɣ‐aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAAR) was estimated. The glycine and GABA‐induced chloride current (IGly and IGABA) were measured in isolated pyramidal neurons of the rat hippocampus and in isolated rat cerebellar Purkinje cells, respectively. Our experiments demonstrated that pregnane NSs affected IGABA and IGly in a different manner. At low concentrations (up to 5 μM), tested pregnane NSs increased or did not change the peak amplitude of the IGABA, but reduced the IGly by decreasing the peak amplitude and/or accelerating desensitization. Namely, allopregnanolone (ALLO), epipregnanolone (EPI), pregnanolone (PA), pregnanolone sulfate (PAS) and 5β‐dihydroprogesterone (5β‐DHP) enhanced the IGABA in Purkinje cells. Dose–response curves plotted in the concentration range from 1 nM to 100 μM were smooth for EPI and 5β‐DHP, but bell‐shaped for ALLO, PA and PAS. The peak amplitude of the IGly was reduced by PA, PAS, and 5α‐ and 5β‐DHP. In contrast, ALLO, ISO and EPI did not modulate it. Dose–response curves for the inhibition of the IGly peak amplitude were smooth for all active compounds. All NSs accelerated desensitization of the IGly. The dose–response relationship for this effect was smooth for ALLO, PA, PAS and 5β‐DHP, but it was U‐shaped for EPI, 5α‐DHP and ISO. These results, together with our previous results on NSs with androstane skeleton, offer comprehensive overview for understanding the mechanisms of effects of NSs on IGly and IGABA.
The influence of postscreening follow‐up time and participant characteristics on estimates of overdiagnosis from lung cancer screening trials
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Zhang Li , Charvat Hadrien , Callister Matthew E. , Sasieni Peter , Christodoulou Evangelia , Kaaks Rudolf , Johansson Mattias , Carvalho Andre L. , Vaccarella Salvatore , Robbins Hilary A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe aimed to explore the underlying reasons that estimates of overdiagnosis vary across and within low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening trials. We conducted a systematic review to identify estimates of overdiagnosis from randomised controlled trials of LDCT screening. We then analysed the association of Ps (the excess incidence of lung cancer as a proportion of screen‐detected cases) with postscreening follow‐up time using a linear random effects meta‐regression model. Separately, we analysed annual Ps estimates from the US National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and German Lung Cancer Screening Intervention Trial (LUSI) using exponential decay models with asymptotes. We conducted stratified analyses to investigate participant characteristics associated with Ps using the extended follow‐up data from NLST. Among 12 overdiagnosis estimates from 8 trials, the postscreening follow‐up ranged from 3.8 to 9.3 years, and Ps ranged from −27.0% (ITALUNG, 8.3 years follow‐up) to 67.2% (DLCST, 5.0 years follow‐up). Across trials, 39.1% of the variation in Ps was explained by postscreening follow‐up time. The annual changes in Ps were −3.5% and −3.9% in the NLST and LUSI trials, respectively. Ps was predicted to plateau at 2.2% for NLST and 9.2% for LUSI with hypothetical infinite follow‐up. In NLST, Ps increased with age from −14.9% (55‐59 years) to 21.7% (70‐74 years), and time trends in Ps varied by histological type. The findings suggest that differences in postscreening follow‐up time partially explain variation in overdiagnosis estimates across lung cancer screening trials. Estimates of overdiagnosis should be interpreted in the context of postscreening follow‐up and population characteristics.
HIV drug resistance in persons initiating or reinitiating first‐line antiretroviral therapy in Paraguay: Results of a National Patient Survey
Authors: Aguilar Gloria , Truong Hong‐Ha M. , Ovelar Patricia , Samudio Tania , Lopez Gladys , García‐Morales Claudia , Tapia‐Trejo Daniela , López‐Sánchez Dulce M. , Ávila‐Ríos Santiago , Giron Amalia , De Arias Antonieta R. , Rios‐Gonzalez Carlos , McFarland Willi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance increases mortality and morbidity and antiretroviral therapy (ART) costs. We describe Paraguay's first nationally representative survey on pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) conducted among persons who initiated or reinitiated ART in 2019. ​​​​We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance in Paraguay in 2019. Participants were sampled at four comprehensive care clinics where 90% of patients with HIV in Paraguay initiate ART. Patients included were adults ≥18 years old who initiated first‐line ART or reinitiated the same first‐line ART regimen after ≥3 months of discontinuation. Of 208 patients, 93.8% had no prior ART exposure, 3.8% reinitiated the same regimen, 2.4% had unknown prior ART exposure; and 31.3% had a CD4 count <200 cells/µl. Mutations associated with resistance were present in 15.4% of patients. Mutations associated with resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) were present in 13.0% of patients, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in 4.3%, and integrase inhibitors in 3.4%. Mutations associated with resistance to tenofovir were present in 1.0% of patients and emtricitabine/lamivudine in 1.4%. ​​Nearly one in six patients had PDR in Paraguay's first nationally representative sample. High NNRTI PDR prevalence underscores the need to accelerate the transition to dolutegravir‐based first‐line ART. The low PDR prevalence of tenofovir and emtricitabine is reassuring as these ARVs are part of the World Health Organization (WHO)‐recommended oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis regimen. The high proportion of individuals initiating ART at a late disease stage highlights the need to improve treatment linkage strategies and implement WHO rapid ART initiation recommendations.
An a priori thermodynamic data analysis based chemical lumping method for the reduction of large and multi‐component chemical kinetic mechanisms
Authors: Matrisciano Andrea , Seidel Lars , Mauss Fabian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA chemical species lumping approach for reduction of large hydrocarbons and oxygenated fuels is presented. The methodology is based on an a priori analysis of the Gibbs free energy of the isomer species which is then used as main criteria for the evaluation of lumped group. Isomers with similar Gibbs free energy are lumped assuming they present equal concentrations when applied to standard reactor conditions. Unlike several lumping approaches found in literature, no calculation results from the primary mechanism have been employed prior to the application of our chemical lumping strategy. An 807 species and 7807 individual reactions detailed mechanism comprising n‐decane, α‐methylnaphthalene and methyl decanoate has been used. The thermodynamic data have been analyzed and 74 isomer groups have been identified within the oxidation of n‐decane and methyl decanoate. The mechanism reduction has led to a mechanism size of 463 species and 7600 reactions. Thereafter the lumped mechanism has been checked under several reactor conditions and over a broad range of temperature, pressure, and equivalence ratio in order to quantify the accuracy of the proposed approach. In all cases, very good agreement between the predictions obtained using the lumped and the detailed mechanism has been observed with an overall absolute error below 12%. Effects of the lumping procedure on sensitivities and on isomer concentrations were considered to further demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.
How soil meso‐/macro‐faunas orchestrate ecosystem multifunctionality under different artificial disturbance conditions in the Changbai Mountain region, China
Authors: Kou Xinchang , Tao Yan , Wang Shengzhong , Wu Zhengfang , Wu Haitao , He Hongshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBiodiversity‐ecosystem function relationships have been widely studied in the field of microorganisms in recent years. The research findings revealed that microorganisms positively influence multiple ecosystem functions in diverse ecosystem types. However, the previous studies have neglected the fact that biodiversity at higher trophic levels is also required in order to maintain ecosystem multifunctionality. Here, in this study, the relationships among soil macro/meso faunal diversity, soil functions (C, N, and P functions), and ecosystem multifunctionality under different artificial disturbance conditions were investigated. The results revealed a positive relationship between the soil meso‐faunal diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality in primary forest (PM), secondary forest (SF), and deforested land (DL). However, correlations between macro‐faunal diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality decreased as the intensity of artificial disturbances increased, and no significant relationships were found in the DL and cultivated land (CL). We suggested that the soil faunal size was the main factor affecting the predictive ability of meso‐ or macro‐ faunas, and the soil meso‐faunal diversity was more suitable than soil macro‐fauna to orchestrate the ecosystem multifunctionality. Further, we demonstrated that the relative effects of the soil functions on ecosystem multifunctionality were changed with the increasing disturbance intensities. We proposed that soil function and meso‐/macro‐faunas contribute to ecosystem multifunctionality in different ways under natural or artificial disturbances. It was concluded that the relative contributions of the soil meso‐/macro‐fauna to the ecosystem multifunctionality were manipulated by their size, soil functions, and disturbance intensities.
Krawtchouk wavelets method for solving Caputo and Caputo–Hadamard fractional differential equations
Authors: Saeed Umer , Idrees Shafaq , Javid Khurram , Din Qamar 
Published: June 2022

PurposeThe purpose of the present work is to develop a new wavelet method, named as Krawtchouk wavelets method, for solving both Caputo fractional and Caputo–Hadamard fractional differential equations on a semi‐infinite domain.Design/methodology/approachWe have utilized the discrete Krawtchouk orthogonal polynomial for the construction of Krawtchouk wavelets method. The supporting analysis of the method such as construction of operational matrices, procedure of implementation, and convergence analysis of the method are being provided. We have also proposed a method by combining the Krawtchouk wavelets method with the method of step for the solution of Caputo–Hadamard fractional delay differential equations.FindingsWe have provided the orthogonality condition for the Krawtchouk wavelets. We have derived and constructed the Krawtchouk wavelets matrix, Krawtchouk wavelets operational matrix of Riemann–Liouville and Hadamard‐type fractional‐order integration, and Krawtchouk wavelets operational matrix of Riemann–Liouville and Hadamard‐type fractional‐order integration for boundary value problems. These matrices are successfully utilized for the solution of Caputo and Caputo–Hadamard fractional differential equations. Operational matrices contains many zero entries, which makes the present method more efficient.Furthermore, we workout on the procedure of implementation of the method for the Caputo fractional differential equations as well as for the Caputo–Hadamard fractional differential equations. We also derived the convergence analysis of the Krawtchouk wavelets method, which completes the theoretical analysis of the proposed method.We have applied the Krawtchouk wavelets method for the numerical solutions of several Caputo fractional differential equations and Caputo–Hadamard fractional differential equations and compare the obtained results with the analytical solutions. The comparison shows the effectiveness of the present numerical method. In this paper, we have considered initial value problem, boundary value problem, and delay problem. According to the numerical results, the present method is more efficient and accurate.Originality/valueSince fractional differential equation is a latest and emerging field, many engineers and scientists can utilize the present method for solving their fractional models. To the best of the author's knowledge, the present wavelets method has never been introduced and implemented for Caputo fractional and Caputo–Hadamard fractional differential equations.
Homogenization of a poroelasticity model for fiber‐reinforced hydrogels
Authors: Eden Michael , Mahato Hari Shankar 
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the analysis and homogenization of a poroelastic model for the hydro‐mechanical response of fiber‐reinforced hydrogels are considered. Here, the medium in question is considered to be a highly heterogeneous two‐component media composed of a connected fiber‐scaffold with periodically distributed inclusions of hydrogel. While the fibers are assumed to be elastic, the hydromechanical response of hydrogel is modeled viaBiot's poroelasticity.We show that the resulting mathematical problem admits a unique weak solution and investigate the limit behavior (in the sense of two‐scale convergence) of the solutions with respect to a scale parameter, , characterizing the heterogeneity of the medium. While doing , we arrive at an effective model where the micro variations of the pore pressure give rise to a micro stress correction at the macro scale.
Development of a rapid active layer detachment slide in the Fenghuoshan Mountains, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Jiang Guanli , Gao Siru , Lewkowicz Antoni G. , Zhao Hongting , Pang Shouji , Wu Qingbai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAn active layer detachment slide (ALDS) in the interior portion of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) was investigated within 2 days of its formation on September 21, 2018. The ALDS developed on a relatively gentle slope (4.8° to 9°) at an elevation of 4,850 m above sea level (asl) and was about 145 m long and 45 m wide, with a headscarp 2.2–2.5 m high. Analyses of meteorological data and soil temperatures indicated that it was probably triggered by a record thaw depth which intersected a layer with high ice content at the base of the active layer and in the top of the permafrost. Based on the time window, the minimum downslope velocity of the main slide mass was about 20 m/h which is higher than previously reported values. The ALDS ran into the embankment of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway (QTR) but did not damage the railbed. However, extensive rehabilitation of the slope was needed subsequent to the failure to clear the slide mass and as minor headscarp recession and thaw settlement continued on the slope. In this work, we describe this feature and the most likely mechanisms of development.
Just a human error…? Case study of a condensate vessel explosion
Authors: Spósito Nestor H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the early morning of June 28, 2019, a strong explosion occurred at an ethylene plant that fortunately had no impact on lives or injuries, but it provoked significant damage to the assets of the facility, business interruption, and concern in the neighboring community as the loud bang was heard several kilometers around, even producing some glass breaks in some of the nearby plants. This work analyzes what happened, what the consequences were, and the learning experiences from the accident. The failure that originated the explosion was produced in a condensate container of 2 m3. The author analyzes how smaller pieces of equipment with relative relevance in the final operation of a facility can become serious accident triggers. This work also evaluates the accident from the perspective of the risk‐based process safety management system, the selection and appropriate design of the protection hierarchies, and the human factor as a fundamental part of a management system robustness. One of the relatively new learning experiences being analyzed is the appearance of fake news on social media immediately after the explosion occurred. This further potentiated the drama of the situation, increasing the fear of the population, the distress of the staff's relatives who were at the plant at the time of the accident, and the confusion of the authorities and response teams.