bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RURAL SOCIAL COMPLEXITY IN THE ICHCAANZIHO REGION, YUCATAN, MEXICO
Authors: Pantoja Díaz Luis , Ancona Aragon Iliana , Gomez Coba Maria , Gongora Aguilar Claudia 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring the last decade, archaeological investigations carried out by the Mérida Region Archaeological Project through the National Institute of Anthropology and History have focused on the peripheral sites of the current municipality of Mérida. In this article, we will focus on the northeast section covering a polygon that has an area of 7.19 km2, where rural minor sites such as Oxmuul, Cuzam, and Polok Keej are located. This area was explored in various seasons as a result of archaeological salvage and rescue projects, carrying out archaeological prospecting with the aim of creating cartography, systematic excavations, and descriptive analysis of archaeological materials. One of the objectives was to understand and interpret the social organization of the ancient peripheral communities in relationship higher ranking sites such as T'ho and Dzibilchaltun. The results obtained are presented diachronically in order to explain the role that these sites played within the political economy of the region, which turns them into complex rural sites towards the end of the Classic period.
Food profile of Yanomami indigenous children aged 6 to 59 months from the Brazilian Amazon, according to the degree of food processing: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Moraes Aline Oliveira dos Santos , Magalhães Elma Izze da Silva , Orellana Jesem Douglas Yamall , Gatica-Domínguez Giovanna , Neves Paulo Augusto Ribeiro , Basta Paulo Cesar , Vaz Juliana dos Santos 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjective:The current study aimed to characterise the food profile of Yanomami indigenous children according to the degree of food processing and its associated factors.Design:This is a cross-sectional study with Yanomami indigenous children aged 6 to 59 months. Socio-demographic, maternal and infant data were collected through a standardised questionnaire. The food profile was obtained by using a list of thirty-four foods to verify the child’s consumption of these foods on the day preceding the interview. Foods were classified according to the degree of processing based on the NOVA system (in natura or minimally processed, processed culinary ingredients, processed and ultra-processed). In natura and minimally processed foods were subdivided into ‘regional’ and ‘urban’ foods. Poisson regression analysis was applied to estimate the associated factors according to the 90 % CI.Setting:Three villages (Auaris, Maturacá and Ariabú) in the Yanomami indigenous territory, in the Brazilian Amazon.Participants:In total, 251 Yanomami children aged 6 to 59 months were evaluated.Results:The prevalence of consumption of ‘regional’ and ‘urban’ in natura or minimally processed foods was 93 % and 56 %, respectively, and consumption of ultra-processed foods was 32 %. Ultra-processed food consumption was 11·6 times higher in children of Maturacá and 9·2 times higher in Ariabú when compared with the children of Auaris and 31 % lower in children who had mothers with shorter stature.Conclusion:Despite the high frequency of consumption of in natura and minimally processed foods, the consumption of ultra-processed foods was substantial and was associated with demographic and maternal factors in Yanomani indigenous children under 5 years of age.
Normal tissue complication probabilities of lung SABR patients from a UK centre and its implication on personalised radiotherapy
Authors: Marsden Jenny 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
This work reports on the normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCP) from a UK cohort of previously treated peripheral lung SABR patients (n = 198) supplementing our previous publication on tumour control probabilities (TCP). Each patient was recalculated for alternative schedules.

Materials and Methods:
NTCP for 3 (54 Gy), 5 (55 and 60 Gy) and 8 (50 Gy) fraction (#) schemes were calculated with the Lyman Kutcher Burman (LKB) model in the software platform ‘Biosuite’ (Version 12·01) for lung and chest wall. Patients treated with 5 # or 8 # were then recomputed for alternative fractionations and doses (3 # and 5 #, for both 55 Gy and 60 Gy).

Results:
The mean lung NTCP (NTCPLUNG, for the outcome of radiation pneumonitis) was 2·8% (range 0·6 – 10·6). The mean chest wall NTCP (NTCPCW, for the outcome of rib fracture) was 1·4% (range 0·0–55·9). There were no statistically significant differences observed between male and female, tumour status or fractionation groups except for the NTCPLUNG between 5 # and 3 #. When recalculating NTCP and TCP individually, for 8 # patients, no differences were observed between mean TCP, NTCPLUNG or NTCPCW compared with 3 # or 5 # indicating that fractionation reduction is possible. Parity was observed between the 60 Gy group when recalculated for 55 Gy. For the 60 Gy in 5 # group, the NTCPCW increased significantly when recalculated for 3 #.

Conclusion:
NTCPs achievable with current UK planning techniques have been presented indicating SABR Consortium compliant centres are likely to have low complication population risks (< 3 %). 5 # schedules could be justified for 8 # patients, thereby reducing the number of treatment visits. Where there is a large overlap of PTV and chest wall, this indicates an NTCP/TCP calculation is required to investigate if fractionation reduction is individually appropriate.
The addition of adjuvant radiotherapy in the management of extracranial arterio-venous malformations: a case discussion
Authors: Vicente-Ruiz Miriam , Aristu Javier , Hontanilla Bernardo 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
The management of extracranial arterio-venous malformations (AVMs) is complex and often requires a multidisciplinary approach. Currently, treatment includes surgical resection and embolotherapy.

Methods:
We present the case of a foot AVM that was managed with adjuvant radiotherapy after previous surgery and embolotherapy had been attempted, and we discuss the role of radiotherapy in the management of extracranial AVMs.

Results:
The malformation was successfully eradicated with complete obliteration of the nidus and no recurrence.

Conclusions:
The addition of radiotherapy in the management of extracranial arterio-venous malformations offers promising results using similar doses to those used in brain AVMs.
Citizens’ preferences for liberal democracy and its deformations: evidence from Germany
Authors: König Pascal D. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper sheds light on the prevalence and the correlates of citizen support for liberal democracy and four of its deformations: a populist, a technocratic, a post-democratic, and a majoritarian-relativist conception of democracy. Using original survey data from a representative German online panel, the findings provide systematic evidence on the multifaceted nature of citizens’ democratic preferences. Only few citizens are, for instance, populist without also being liberal democrats, and many endorse two or more deformations of liberal democracy simultaneously. Yet, these forms of overlap are not arbitrary but conform to conceptually posited relative affinities between these deformations. The examined conceptions of democracy furthermore differ in their associations with political support, ideology, education, and political interest. In addition to offering novel empirical insights, the findings also highlight why some measures may underestimate the complexity of democratic preferences.
Low‐Level Marine Tropical Clouds in Six CMIP6 Models Are Too Few, Too Bright but Also Too Compact and Too Homogeneous
Authors: Konsta Dimitra , Dufresne Jean‐Louis , Chepfer Hélène , Vial Jessica , Koshiro Tsuyoshi , Kawai Hideaki , Bodas‐Salcedo Alejandro , Roehrig Romain , Watanabe Masahiro , Ogura Tomoo 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that most climate models underestimate cloud cover and overestimate cloud reflectivity, particularly for the tropical low‐level clouds. Here, we analyze the characteristics of low‐level tropical marine clouds simulated by six climate models, which provided COSP output within the CMIP6 project. CALIPSO lidar observations and PARASOL mono‐directional reflectance are used for model evaluation. It is found that the “too few, too bright” bias is still present for these models. The reflectance is particularly overestimated when cloud cover is low. Models do not simulate any optically thin clouds. They fail to reproduce the increasing cloud optical depth with increasing lower tropospheric stability as observed. These results suggest that most models do not sufficiently account for the effect of the small‐scale spatial heterogeneity in cloud properties or the variety of cloud types at the grid scale that is observed.
Impacts of the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean Warm Pools on Wildfires in Yunnan, Southwest China: Spatial Patterns With Interannual and Intraannual Variations
Authors: Ying Lingxiao , Shen Zehao , Guan Pingao , Cao Jie , Luo Caifang , Peng Xingzi , Cheng Hujiao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe Indo‐Pacific warm pool affects the regional climatic conditions in Southeast Asia mediated by the Western Pacific (WP) and Indian Ocean (IO) monsoons, which are recognized as critical regulators of wildfires in this region. Our study explored the spatiotemporal effects of the warm pools on wildfire records in Yunnan, Southwest China. We showed the interannual records had a negative relationship with the simultaneous WP warm pool area index. The Ailao Mountains in the central Yunnan could be a geographical barrier that blocked the influences of the WP warm pool from the east side. For the intraannual changes, the wildfire number variations had a stronger connection to the IO warm pool dynamics than the WP. Our study provided the novel evidence on the teleconnection between the Indo‐Pacific warm pool dynamics and regional environmental processes in Yunnan, also indicating this area as a part of the transitional zone between the two warm pools.
Active Precipitation of Radiation Belt Electrons Using Rocket Exhaust Driven Amplification (REDA) of Man‐Made Whistlers
Authors: Bernhardt P. A. , Hua M. , Bortnik J. , Ma Q. , Verronen P. T. , McCarthy M. P. , Hampton D. L. , Golkowski M. , Cohen M. B. , Richardson D. K. , Howarth A. D. , James H. G. , Meredith N. P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGround‐based very low frequency (VLF) transmitters located around the world generate signals that leak through the bottom side of the ionosphere in the form of whistler mode waves. Wave and particle measurements on satellites have observed that these man‐made VLF waves can be strong enough to scatter trapped energetic electrons into low pitch angle orbits, causing loss by absorption in the lower atmosphere. This precipitation loss process is greatly enhanced by intentional amplification of the whistler waves using a newly discovered process called rocket exhaust driven amplification (REDA). Satellite measurements of REDA have shown between 30 and 50 dB intensification of VLF waves in space using a 60 s burn of the 150 g/s thruster on the Cygnus satellite that services the International Space Station. This controlled amplification process is adequate to deplete the energetic particle population on the affected field lines in a few minutes rather than the multi‐day period it would take naturally. Numerical simulations of the pitch angle diffusion for radiation belt particles use the UCLA quasi‐linear Fokker Planck model to assess the impact of REDA on radiation belt remediation of newly injected energetic electrons. The simulated precipitation fluxes of energetic electrons are applied to models of D‐region electron density and bremsstrahlung X‐rays for predictions of the modified environment that can be observed with satellite and ground‐based sensors.
Cell death regulation by MAMs: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic implications in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Li Yiran E. , Sowers James R. , Hetz Claudio , Ren Jun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are interconnected intracellular organelles with vital roles in the regulation of cell signaling and function. While the ER participates in a number of biological processes including lipid biosynthesis, Ca2+ storage and protein folding and processing, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles governing ATP synthesis, free radical production, innate immunity and apoptosis. Interplay between the ER and mitochondria plays a crucial role in regulating energy metabolism and cell fate control under stress. The mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) denote physical contact sites between ER and mitochondria that mediate bidirectional communications between the two organelles. Although Ca2+ transport from ER to mitochondria is vital for mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism, unrestrained Ca2+ transfer may result in mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial damage and cell death. Here we summarize the roles of MAMs in cell physiology and its impact in pathological conditions with a focus on cardiovascular disease. The possibility of manipulating ER-mitochondria contacts as potential therapeutic approaches is also discussed.
Molecular encoding and synaptic decoding of context during salt chemotaxis in C. elegans
Authors: Hiroki Shingo , Yoshitane Hikari , Mitsui Hinako , Sato Hirofumi , Umatani Chie , Kanda Shinji , Fukada Yoshitaka , Iino Yuichi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAnimals navigate toward favorable locations using various environmental cues. However, the mechanism of how the goal information is encoded and decoded to generate migration toward the appropriate direction has not been clarified. Here, we describe the mechanism of migration towards a learned concentration of NaCl in Caenorhabditis elegans. In the salt-sensing neuron ASER, the difference between the experienced and currently perceived NaCl concentration is encoded as phosphorylation at Ser65 of UNC-64/Syntaxin 1 A through the protein kinase C(PKC-1) signaling pathway. The phosphorylation affects basal glutamate transmission from ASER, inducing the reversal of the postsynaptic response of reorientation-initiating neurons (i.e., from inhibitory to excitatory), guiding the animals toward the experienced concentration. This process, the decoding of the context, is achieved through the differential sensitivity of postsynaptic excitatory and inhibitory receptors. Our results reveal the mechanism of migration based on the synaptic plasticity that conceptually differs from the classical ones.
Geometric transformation and three-dimensional hopping of Hopf solitons
Authors: Tai Jung-Shen B. , Wu Jin-Sheng , Smalyukh Ivan I. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractArising in many branches of physics, Hopf solitons are three-dimensional particle-like field distortions with nontrivial topology described by the Hopf map. Despite their recent discovery in colloids and liquid crystals, the requirement of applied fields or confinement for stability impedes their utility in technological applications. Here we demonstrate stable Hopf solitons in a liquid crystal material without these requirements as a result of enhanced stability by tuning anisotropy of parameters that describe energetic costs of different gradient components in the molecular alignment field. Nevertheless, electric fields allow for inter-transformation of Hopf solitons between different geometric embodiments, as well as for their three-dimensional hopping-like dynamics in response to electric pulses. Numerical modelling reproduces both the equilibrium structure and topology-preserving out-of-equilibrium evolution of the soliton during switching and motions. Our findings may enable myriads of solitonic condensed matter phases and active matter systems, as well as their technological applications.
Cross-reactive immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is low in pediatric patients with prior COVID-19 or MIS-C
Authors: Tang Juanjie , Novak Tanya , Hecker Julian , Grubbs Gabrielle , Zahra Fatema Tuz , Bellusci Lorenza , Pourhashemi Sara , Chou Janet , Moffitt Kristin , Halasa Natasha B. , Schwartz Stephanie P. , Walker Tracie C. , Tarquinio Keiko M. , Zinter Matt S. , Staat Mary A. , Gertz Shira J. , Cvijanovich Natalie Z. , Schuster Jennifer E. , Loftis Laura L. , Coates Bria M. , Mack Elizabeth H. , Irby Katherine , Fitzgerald Julie C. , Rowan Courtney M. , Kong Michele , Flori Heidi R. , Maddux Aline B. , Shein Steven L. , Crandall Hillary , Hume Janet R. , Hobbs Charlotte V. , Tremoulet Adriana H. , Shimizu Chisato , Burns Jane C. , Chen Sabrina R. , Moon Hye Kyung , Lange Christoph , Randolph Adrienne G. , Khurana Surender 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNeutralization capacity of antibodies against Omicron after a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents is not well studied. Therefore, we evaluated virus-neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron variants by age-stratified analyses (<5, 5–11, 12–21 years) in 177 pediatric patients hospitalized with severe acute COVID-19, acute MIS-C, and in convalescent samples of outpatients with mild COVID-19 during 2020 and early 2021. Across all patients, less than 10% show neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron. Children <5 years of age hospitalized with severe acute COVID-19 have lower neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants compared with patients >5 years of age. As expected, convalescent pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C cohorts demonstrate higher neutralization titers than hospitalized acute COVID-19 patients. Overall, children and adolescents show some loss of cross-neutralization against all variants, with the most pronounced loss against Omicron. In contrast to SARS-CoV-2 infection, children vaccinated twice demonstrated higher titers against Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron. These findings can influence transmission, re-infection and the clinical disease outcome from emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and supports the need for vaccination in children.
Structural basis for broad anti-phage immunity by DISARM
Authors: Bravo Jack P. K. , Aparicio-Maldonado Cristian , Nobrega Franklin L. , Brouns Stan J. J. , Taylor David W. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn the evolutionary arms race against phage, bacteria have assembled a diverse arsenal of antiviral immune strategies. While the recently discovered DISARM (Defense Island System Associated with Restriction-Modification) systems can provide protection against a wide range of phage, the molecular mechanisms that underpin broad antiviral targeting but avoiding autoimmunity remain enigmatic. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of the core DISARM complex, DrmAB, both alone and in complex with an unmethylated phage DNA mimetic. These structures reveal that DrmAB core complex is autoinhibited by a trigger loop (TL) within DrmA and binding to DNA substrates containing a 5′ overhang dislodges the TL, initiating a long-range structural rearrangement for DrmAB activation. Together with structure-guided in vivo studies, our work provides insights into the mechanism of phage DNA recognition and specific activation of this widespread antiviral defense system.
Energy and bandwidth efficiency optimization of quantum-enabled optical communication channels
Authors: Jabir M. V. , Annafianto N. Fajar R. , Burenkov I. A. , Battou A. , Polyakov S. V. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe present a systematic study of quantum receivers and modulation methods enabling resource efficient quantum-enhanced optical communication. We introduce quantum-inspired modulation schemes that theoretically yield a better resource efficiency than legacy protocols. Experimentally, we demonstrate below the shot-noise limit symbol error rates for M ≤ 16 legacy and quantum-inspired communication alphabets using software-configurable optical communication time-resolving quantum receiver testbed. Further, we experimentally verify that our quantum-inspired modulation schemes boost the accuracy of practical quantum measurements and significantly optimize the combined use of energy and bandwidth for communication alphabets that are longer than M = 4 symbols.
The value of histological examination in the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis in the era of rapid molecular diagnosis
Authors: Tahseen Sabira , Ambreen Atiqa , Ishtiaq Sheeba , Khanzada Faisal M. , Safdar Nauman , Sviland Lisbet , Mustafa Tehmina 
Published: May 2022

AbstractExtrapulmonary tuberculosis often poses a diagnostic challenge. This study aimed to assess the value of histological examination in diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis (LNTB) when performed simultaneously with rapid molecular assay (Xpert MTB/RIF) testing. People presumed to have LNTB were prospectively enrolled in a tertiary care hospital. Excision biopsy was performed and tested by histology, Xpert, and culture. Of 390 lymph nodes, 11 (2.8%) were positive by AFB microscopy, 124 (31.8%) by Xpert, 137 (35.1%) by culture, and histopathology was consistent with TB in 208 (53.3%). Altogether, LNTB was diagnosed in 228 and bacteriologically confirmed TB in 178 cases. Against culture, histopathology versus Xpert had higher sensitivity (93 vs. 62%) but lower specificity (68 vs. 83%). In patients with short clinical history, a significantly higher number of Xpert-positive specimens were culture-positive. Among patients with histology suggestive of TB, no difference was seen in response to treatment between bacteriology positive and negative, but a significant slow response was noted in bacteriology confirmed TB with nonspecific histology. In a country like Pakistan, with high TB and low HIV prevalence, diagnosis is possible for more than 95% of LNTB when Xpert and histopathology examination is used in combination, compared to less than 60% by Xpert alone.
Oxidative stress monitoring in iPSC-derived motor neurons using genetically encoded biosensors of H2O2
Authors: Ustyantseva Elizaveta , Pavlova Sophia V. , Malakhova Anastasia A. , Ustyantsev Kirill , Zakian Suren M. , Medvedev Sergey P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOxidative stress plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, being either the initiator or part of a pathological cascade that leads to the neuron’s death. Genetically encoded biosensors of oxidative stress demonstrated their general functionality and overall safety in various systems. However, there is still insufficient data regarding their use in the research of disease-related phenotypes in relevant model systems, such as human cells. Here, we establish an approach for monitoring the redox state of live motor neurons with SOD1 mutations associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we insert genetically encoded biosensors of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial H2O2 in the genome of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. We demonstrate that the biosensors remain functional in motor neurons derived from these iPSCs and reflect the differences in the stationary redox state of the neurons with different genotypes. Moreover, we show that the biosensors respond to alterations in motor neuron oxidation caused by either environmental changes or cellular stress. Thus, the obtained platform is suitable for cell-based research of neurodegenerative mechanisms.