bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between popliteal artery wall thickness and structural progression in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Pontoh Ega Wirayoda , Hussain Sultana Monira , Lim Yuan Z , Jones Graeme , Hill Catherine L , Wluka Anita E , Tonkin Andrew , Ding Changhai , Cicuttini Flavia M 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere is increasing evidence for the involvement of vascular disease in the pathogenesis of knee OA. Popliteal artery wall thickness can be used as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. We examined the association between popliteal artery wall thickness and knee cartilage volume in individuals with symptomatic knee OA.MethodsThis prospective cohort study analysed 176 participants from a randomized placebo-controlled trial examining the effect of atorvastatin on structural progression in knee OA. The participants underwent MRI of the study knee at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Popliteal artery wall thickness and tibial cartilage volume were measured from MRI using validated methods. The top quartile of the rate of tibial cartilage volume loss was defined as rapid progression.ResultsAt baseline, every 10% increase in popliteal artery wall thickness was associated with 120.8 mm3 (95% CI 5.4, 236.2, P = 0.04) lower of medial tibial cartilage volume and 151.9 mm3 (95% CI 12.1, 291.7, P = 0.03) lower of lateral tibial cartilage volume. Longitudinally, for every 10% increase in popliteal artery wall thickness, the annual rate of medial tibial cartilage volume loss was increased by 1.14% (95% CI 0.09%, 2.20%, P = 0.03), and there was a 2.28-fold (95% CI 1.07, 4.83, P = 0.03) risk of rapid progression of medial tibial cartilage loss, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, tibial bone area, smoking, vigorous physical activity, and intervention group allocation.ConclusionThe findings support a role for vascular pathology in the progression of knee OA. Targeting atherosclerosis has the potential to improve outcomes in knee OA.
Empowered Homeowners, Responsible Mothers: Promises and Pitfalls of Maternalist Housing Provision in Brazil’s Minha Casa Minha Vida Program
Authors: Koppelman Carter M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Brazil’s Minha Casa Minha Vida (MCMV) program was touted as a “pro-female” policy to promote women’s autonomy and empowerment through subsidized homeownership. However, its design and discourse constructed motherhood as the primary basis of women’s inclusion. This article examines the gendered effects of a maternalist housing program through ethnographic research in São Paulo, looking at both movement organizations using MCMV to provide housing for members, and everyday life among residents in an MCMV-subsidized housing complex. It finds that while many women felt empowered by inclusion in MCMV, the program also produced gendered exclusions and reinforced unequal gendered burdens. First, it selectively prioritized low-income mothers while excluding other groups of women as undeserving “single people.” Second, it primed beneficiaries to view state-subsidized housing as conditioned upon their responsibility for home and family, expanding maternal obligations to include the financial management of homeownership without easing gendered burdens of care.
Interactions of amyloid coaggregates with biomolecules and its relevance to neurodegeneration
Authors: Murakami Kazuma , Ono Kenjiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins is a pathological hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In these diseases, oligomeric intermediates or toxic aggregates of amyloids cause neuronal damage and degeneration. Despite the substantial effort made over recent decades to implement therapeutic interventions, these neurodegenerative diseases are not yet understood at the molecular level. In many cases, multiple disease‐causing amyloids overlap in a sole pathological feature or a sole disease‐causing amyloid represents multiple pathological features. Various amyloid pathologies can coexist in the same brain with or without clinical presentation and may even occur in individuals without disease. From sparse data, speculation has arisen regarding the coaggregation of amyloids with disparate amyloid species and other biomolecules, which are the same characteristics that make diagnostics and drug development challenging. However, advances in research related to biomolecular condensates and structural analysis have been used to overcome some of these challenges. Considering the development of these resources and techniques, herein we review the cross‐seeding of amyloidosis, for example, involving the amyloids amyloid β, tau, α‐synuclein, and human islet amyloid polypeptide, and their cross‐inhibition by transthyretin and BRICHOS. The interplay of nucleic acid‐binding proteins, such as prions, TAR DNA‐binding protein 43, fused in sarcoma/translated in liposarcoma, and fragile X mental retardation polyglycine, with nucleic acids in the pathology of neurodegeneration are also described, and we thereby highlight the potential clinical applications in central nervous system therapy.
Feasibility of Emergency Department–based Fentanyl Test Strip Distribution
Authors: Lima Rafael A. , Karch Lydia B. , Lank Patrick M. , Allen Katherine C. , Kim Howard S. 
Published: August 2022

Objectives
United States drug overdose deaths now overwhelmingly involve fentanyl and fentanyl analogs. The emergency department (ED) is an important setting to provide harm reduction for persons who use drugs, but ED-based fentanyl test strip distribution has not yet been described.

Methods
This is an observational study of patients with an opioid-related visit to an ED in downtown Chicago, Illinois. We offered fentanyl test strips alongside an existing take-home naloxone program and report on the number of patients who accepted fentanyl test strips. We assessed patient familiarity with fentanyl and fentanyl test strips during the index ED visit and attempted to contact patients 1 month after the ED visit to determine testing outcomes.

Results
We offered fentanyl test strips to 23 consecutive ED patients (mean age, 39.8 years; male, 73.9%) with an opioid-related ED visit (87.0% for opioid overdose). Sixteen patients (69.5%) had heard of fentanyl, and 2 (8.7%) had prior experience using fentanyl test strips. Eighteen patients (78.2%) accepted the fentanyl test strips, 2 of which left the test strips behind in the ED alongside their take-home naloxone kit. Of the 16 total patients who departed with fentanyl test strips, we were able to reach 3 (18.8%) by phone 1 month after their ED visit; 9 had disconnected or wrong numbers listed. All 3 patients reported a positive fentanyl test strip result; tested substances included heroin, alprazolam, and cocaine.

Conclusions
This report demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of ED fentanyl test strip distribution among patients with opioid-related ED visits.
Comprehensive Prediction Model, Including Genetic Testing, for the Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Han Ji Hyuk , Kim Sung Huhn , Moon In Seok , Joo Sun Young , Kim Jung Ah , Gee Heon Yung , Jung Jinsei , Choi Jae Young 
Published: August 2022

Objectives:
Despite growing interest in the genetic contribution to cochlear implant (CI) outcomes, only a few studies with limited samples have examined the association of CI outcomes with genetic etiologies. We analyzed CI outcomes using known predictors and genetic testing results to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of genetic etiologies.

Design:
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and images of patients who underwent cochlear implantation and genetic testing at a single tertiary medical institution, between May 2008 and December 2020. After excluding those whose speech test results were unavailable, and those in whom the implant was removed due to complications, such as infection or device failure, 203 patients were included in this study. The participants were categorized into adult (≥19 years), child (2–18 years), and infant (<24 months) groups. Outcomes were measured based on categories of auditory perception, monosyllable, disyllable, and sentence scores. For the infant group, the Infant–Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale score was used.

Results:
Among the 203 participants, a causative genetic variant was identified in 117 (57.6%) individuals. The presence of a causative variant was significantly associated with better CI outcomes in the infant group (β = 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.01 to 0.47; p = 0.044), but not in the child and adult groups. In the genetically confirmed patients without cochlear malformation, genetic variants involving the spiral ganglion was a poor prognostic factor in the child group (β = −57.24; 95% confidence interval, −90.63 to −23.75; p = 0.004).

Conclusions:
The presence of known genetic etiology of hearing loss was associated with better CI outcomes in the infant group, but not in the child and adult groups. A neural-type genetic variant was a poor prognostic factor in the genetically diagnosed child subgroup without cochlear malformation. Careful genetic counseling should be performed before cochlear implantation.
Sex differences in normal and malignant hematopoiesis
Authors: Cui Xiaojing , Zhao Xinghui , Liang Ying 
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Hematopoiesis is a continuous and well-regulated process requiring both the capacity for self-renewal and the potential for differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells.

Results:
Multiple studies indicate that sex hormones exert significant effects on not only hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, but also the development of hematopoietic lineages, resulting in sexual dimorphisms in normal hematopoiesis. Hematologic malignancies comprise a wide variety of cancers affecting the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system, such as leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and myeloproliferative diseases. Overall, males are at greater risk and have worse prognosis for most of these malignancies compared with females.

Conclusion:
A better understanding of the differences between male and female could be of substantial value in research as well as clinical management.
Modern Surgical Techniques for Treatment of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Kukadia Saanchi K. , Murphy Conor I. , Shah Henal , Drakos Mark C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Ankle sprains are among the most common injuries sustained during sports and physical activity. Around 2 million ankle sprains occur per year with ~85% of them being lateral ankle sprains. Lateral ankle sprains involve damage to the lateral ligamentous complex of the ankle. Patients with a history of lateral ankle sprains are at a 3.5× greater risk of re-injury than those who do not have a history of lateral ankle sprain. Repeated damage to the lateral ligamentous complex can result in the development of chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). CLAI can be managed conservatively or surgically. Given the frequency with which sprains occur, and the relative infrequency of symptoms requiring an operation, 80 to 85% of patients can be managed conservatively with good results and minimal disability. However, even with conservative treatment, a 56 to 74% recurrence rate of ankle sprain has been reported. Patients with CLAI who continue to display persistent symptoms after rehabilitation through conservative measures may require surgical intervention. These surgical techniques include direct ligament repair, anatomic reconstruction, and nonanatomic reconstruction. In this chapter we will discuss these procedures, along with their implications and associated risks. We offer different surgical techniques to manage CLAI and available outcome data.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic level 4, case series
Activation of GPR75 Signaling Pathway Contributes to the Effect of a 20-HETE Mimetic, 5,14-HEDGE, to Prevent Hypotensive and Tachycardic Responses to Lipopolysaccharide in a Rat Model of Septic Shock
Authors: Tunctan Bahar , Senol Sefika Pinar , Temiz-Resitoglu Meryem , Yilmaz Dilsah Ezgi , Guden Demet Sinem , Bahceli Omer , Horat Mehmet Furkan , Sahan-Firat Seyhan , Sari Ayse Nihal , Falck John R. , Anugu Raghunath Reddy , Malik Kafait U. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The orphan receptor, G protein–coupled receptor (GPR) 75, which has been shown to mediate various effects of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), is considered as a therapeutic target in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in which changes in the production of 20-HETE play a key role in their pathogenesis. Our previous studies showed that 20-HETE mimetic, N-(20-hydroxyeicosa-5[Z],14[Z]-dienoyl)glycine (5,14-HEDGE), protects against vascular hyporeactivity, hypotension, tachycardia, and arterial inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. This study tested the hypothesis that the GPR75 signaling pathway mediates these effects of 5,14-HEDGE in response to systemic exposure to LPS. Mean arterial pressure reduced by 33 mm Hg, and heart rate increased by 102 beats/min at 4 hours following LPS injection. Coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that (1) the dissociation of GPR75/Gαq/11 and GPR kinase interactor 1 (GIT1)/protein kinase C (PKC) α, the association of GPR75/GIT1, large conductance voltage and calcium-activated potassium subunit β (MaxiKβ)/PKCα, MaxiKβ/proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (c-Src), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/c-Src, MaxiKβ, and EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation were decreased, and (2) the association of GIT1/c-Src was increased in the arterial tissues of rats treated with LPS. The LPS-induced changes were prevented by 5,14-HEDGE. N-[20-Hydroxyeicosa-6(Z),15(Z)-dienoyl]glycine, a 20-HETE antagonist, reversed the effects of 5,14-HEDGE in the arterial tissues of LPS-treated rats. Thus, similar to 20-HETE, by binding to GPR75 and activating the Gαq/11/PKCα/MaxiKβ, GIT1/PKCα/MaxiKβ, GIT1/c-Src/MaxiKβ, and GIT1/c-Src/EGFR signaling pathways, 5,14-HEDGE may exert its protective effects against LPS-induced hypotension and tachycardia associated with vascular hyporeactivity and arterial inflammation.
miR-133a—A Potential Target for Improving Cardiac Mitochondrial Health and Regeneration After Injury
Authors: Puthanveetil Prasanth , O'Hagan Kathleen P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
The various roles of muscle secretory factors and myokines have been well studied, but in recent decades, the role of myocyte-specific microRNAs (myomiRs) has gained momentum. These myomiRs are known to play regulatory roles in muscle health in general, both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. In this review, we have focused on the significance of a myomiR termed miR-133a in cardiovascular health. The available literature supports the claim that miR-133a could be helpful in the healing process of muscle tissue after injury. The protective function could be due to its regulatory effect on muscle or stem cell mitochondrial function. In this review, we have shed light on the protective mechanisms offered by miR-133a. Most of the beneficial effects are due to the presence of miR-133a in circulation or tissue-specific expression. We have also reviewed the potential mechanisms by which miR-133a could interact with cell surface receptors and also transcriptional mechanisms by which they offer cardioprotection and regeneration. Understanding these mechanisms will help in finding an ideal strategy to repair cardiac tissue after injury.
Turn Up the HETE on Septic Shock
Authors: Thomas Kirby , Strong Luke , Fan Fan , Roman Richard J. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Septic shock is life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated response to infection. It is a leading cause of death caused by the excessive release of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in response to bacterial endotoxins. It produces hypotension refractory to vasoconstrictors leading to tissue hypoperfusion and multiple organ failure. Despite intensive investigation, there still are no specific pharmacologic treatments. Current therapy relies on supportive care, including antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, corticosteroids, and pressor agents. This commentary summarizes little-known previous observations that inhibition of vascular 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) by nitric oxide plays a key role in sepsis. It also highlights the new and exciting current report by Tunctan et al (2022) in this issue of Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology that administration of a 20-HETE mimetic can prevent lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular hyporeactivity, hypotension, and tachycardia in rats by activating the recently discovered GPR75/20-HETE receptor. Overall, these results provide a compelling case for initiating 20-HETE clinical trials to prevent hypotension, multiple organ failure, and death in septic shock.
Visual simulations of presbyopic corrections through cataract opacification
Authors: Barcala Xoana , Zaytouny Amal , Rego-Lorca Daniela , Sanchez-Quiros Julia , Sanchez-Jean Ruben , Martinez-de-la-Casa Jose Maria , Dorronsoro Carlos , Marcos Susana 
Published: August 2022

Purpose:
To study the viability of visual simulation of presbyopic corrections in patients with cataract, the effect and impact of the cataract on the perceived visual quality of the different simulated presbyopic corrections pre- and post-operatively.

Setting:
San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain

Design:
Observational, non-interventional, pilot study, early feasibility of the device being studied.

Methods:
Cataract patients were tested pre-operatively (n=24) and post-operatively (n=15) after bilateral implantation of monofocal intraocular lenses. The degree of cataract was evaluated objectively with the Ocular Scattering Index (OSI). Visual acuity (VA) and perceived visual quality of natural scene images (Multifocal Acceptance Score) were measured before and after cataract surgery at far (4 m), intermediate (64 cm) and near distance (40 cm) with four binocular presbyopic corrections (single vision, bifocal, monovision and modified-monovision) simulated with a binocular Simultaneous Vision simulator based on temporal multiplexing.

Results:
VA was significantly correlated with OSI (r=-0.71, p<0.0005), although the visual degradation at far for each correction was constant and not correlated with OSI. The visual benefit at near distance provided by the presbyopic correction was noticeable (23.3±27.6% across corrections) for OSI<5. The individual perceptual scores were highly correlated pre-operatively vs post-operatively (r=0.64, p<0.0005) for all corrections and distances.

Conclusions:
Visual simulations of IOLs are an excellent tool to explore prospective post-operative vision. The high correlation in the perceptual scores pre- and post-cataract surgery demonstrates that SimVis Gekko can be used in cataractous patients to guide the selection of the optimal correction for a patient.
Firefighters’ Health Knowledge, Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, and Sociodemographic Characteristics as Predictors of Firefighters Attitudes Toward Health
Authors: Ras Jaron , Leach Lloyd 
Published: August 2022

Objective
The aim of the study is to determine the predictors of firefighters’ attitudes toward health based on firefighters’ knowledge cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods
The study used a web-based cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational research design. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 110 firefighters, males, and females, aged 18 to 65 years.

Results
Firefighters’ health knowledge, age group 30 to 39 years, and having CVD risk factors present were significant predictors of firefighters’ attitudes toward regular aerobic exercise (P < 0.05). Firefighters’ health knowledge was a significant predictor of firefighters liking exercise to look physically fit, and health knowledge and the age group 20 to 29 and 30 to 39 years were significant predictors of firefighters liking exercise to be fit for firefighting (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Health knowledge, age group, years of experience, and having CVD risk factors present were significant predictors of firefighters’ attitudes toward health.
Comorbid Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus and High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions: A Management Conundrum
Authors: Janke Monica J. , DeBlanc Jennie , Kobernik Emily K. , Skala Stephanie L. , Hiles Guadalupe Lorenzatti , Kelly Rebeca , Welch Kathryn C. 
Published: August 2022

Objective
This study aimed to determine if treating lichen sclerosus (LS) with high-potency topical corticosteroids (TCS) increases the risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) recurrence in patients with comorbid vulvar LS and HSIL.

Methods
This is a retrospective study of patients with comorbid vulvar LS and HSIL treated with TCS between 2015 and 2020. Patients with clinically diagnosed or biopsy-proven LS and biopsy-proven HSIL of the vulva were included. Clinical data included demographics, tobacco use, immune-modifying conditions, specimen pathology, treatment types, and HSIL recurrence. Bivariate analysis was performed to compare demographic and clinical characteristics between patients with and without HSIL recurrence.

Results
Twenty-six patients with comorbid LS and HSIL were identified. The median age was 66.0 years and median time in treatment for LS was 5.5 years. Thirteen (50%) had recurrence of HSIL and 13 (50%) did not have recurrence. Exposure to high-potency TCS was present in 20 (77%) patients, with 17 (65%) having use of more than 1-year duration and 9 (35%) having use at the time of HSIL diagnosis. When comparing the groups with and without HSIL recurrence, there was no significant difference in high-potency TCS exposure, duration of use, or use at time of HSIL diagnosis.

Conclusions
High-potency TCS use for the treatment of LS did not seem to increase the risk of HSIL recurrence in patients with comorbid vulvar LS and HSIL. This suggests that high-potency TCS can be appropriately used for the treatment of LS even when HPV-associated disease is present.
Monoclonal Antibodies for First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liao Pei-Fei , Wu Ta-Wei , Peng Tzu-Rong 
Published: August 2022

Background:
In addition to discontinuing treatment at disease progression, cumulative toxicity limitations and genetic mutations play important roles in chemotherapy choice in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, in recent years, targeted therapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), have been used with chemotherapy to improve clinical outcomes in patients with mCRC.

Areas of Uncertainty:
Approximately 15% of patients with CRC would be eligible for further targeted therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors based on genetic testing, but most patients with CRC would not qualify, especially Kirsten rat sarcoma wild-type. Therefore, adding MoAb is only an option for most patients until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs. However, the results are not consistent with the combination of MoAb and different chemotherapy bases. In addition, most results from combining MoAb with different chemotherapy bases are not consistent.

Data Sources:
This meta-analysis includes published of the PubMed and Embase databases, limited to English literature, and patients were treated with MoAb combination. Randomized control trials conducted published up to May 2021 were considered for inclusion.

Therapeutic Advances:
Fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy has been the backbone of palliative therapy for mCRC, with demonstrated benefits. This article will review the efficacy and safety of randomized control trials comparing different MoAb with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy for patients with mCRC, particularly in Kirsten rat sarcoma wild-type.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis revealed that MoAb plus chemotherapy has better progression-free survival and objective response rate than chemotherapy alone. However, treatment-related serious adverse events (grade ≥ 3) should be considered, particularly severe rash, diarrhea, and hypertension.