bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRUST4 Interrogates the Immune Receptor Repertoire in Oncology and Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Yuan , Han Leng 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe immune receptor repertoire is a set of cellular receptors responsible for recognizing foreign antigens. Characterizing the immune receptor repertoire is critical to understanding mechanisms of human adaptive immunity and developing new approaches to cancer immunotherapy. In this issue, Song and colleagues utilize an advanced bioinformatics pipeline on large-scale samples to investigate the diversity of receptor repertoires in tumors and identify factors correlated with favorable outcomes. The result highlights the role of B cells in immunotherapy responses and suggests establishing B cells as biomarkers in future research.See related article by Song et al., p. 788 (3).
Separate and Joint Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Healthy Vascular Aging With Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Men
Authors: Jae Sae Young , Lee Kyung Hyun , Kim Hyun Jeong , Kunutsor Setor K. , Heffernan Kevin S. , Climie Rachel E. , Bunsawat Kanokwan , Kang Mira 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Achieving healthy vascular aging (HVA) is important for decelerating age-related cardiovascular disease risk. We evaluated the interplay between HVA, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and subclinical atherosclerosis.

Methods:
We analyzed data on 3722 men who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing in a health examination program. HVA was defined as blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg without hypertension and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity <1266 cm/s. CRF was directly measured by peak oxygen uptake. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined as coronary artery calcification scores of >0 and ≥100 and a mean carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) >75th percentile for each age group as well as >0.8 mm of CIMT. Separate and joint associations of HVA and CRF with subclinical atherosclerosis were evaluated.

Results:

Each 1 metabolic equivalent increment in CRF was associated with 23% higher odds for having HVA. HVA was associated with lower odds of coronary artery calcification but not CIMT. CRF modified the association between HVA and CIMT>0.8 mm (interaction:
P
=0.01); HVA was associated with lower odds of CIMT>0.8 mm in fit men with no significant association between HVA and CIMT>0.8 mm in unfit men. Compared with no HVA and being unfit, HVA and being fit was associated with lower odds of subclinical atherosclerosis, but there was no significant association between HVA and being unfit with subclinical atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:
HVA and higher CRF are each associated with a lower risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in men. Higher CRF is associated with a higher prevalence of HVA and may modify the association between HVA and subclinical atherosclerosis.
Underdiagnosis and Undertreatment of Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Chow Eric J. , Chen Yan , Armstrong Gregory T. , Baldwin Laura‐Mae , Cai Casey R. , Gibson Todd M. , Hudson Melissa M. , McDonald Aaron , Nathan Paul C. , Olgin Jeffrey E. , Syrjala Karen L. , Tonorezos Emily S. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Yasui Yutaka 
Published: June 2022

Background
Determine the prevalence and predictors associated with underdiagnosis and undertreatment of modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance/diabetes) among adult survivors of childhood cancer at high risk of premature CVD.

Methods and Results

This was a cross‐sectional study of adult‐aged survivors of childhood cancer treated with anthracyclines or chest radiotherapy, recruited across 9 US metropolitan regions. Survivors completed questionnaires and in‐home clinical assessments. The comparator group was a matched sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariable logistic regression estimated the risk (odds ratios) of CVD risk factor underdiagnosis and undertreatment among survivors compared with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Survivors (n=571; median age, 37.7 years and 28.5 years from cancer diagnosis) were more likely to have a preexisting CVD risk factor than the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=345;
P
<0.05 for all factors). While rates of CVD risk factor underdiagnosis were similar (27.1% survivors versus 26.1% National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey;
P
=0.73), survivors were more likely undertreated (21.0% versus 13.9%,
P
=0.007; odds ratio, 1.8, 95% CI, 1.2–2.7). Among survivors, the most underdiagnosed and undertreated risk factors were hypertension (18.9%) and dyslipidemia (16.3%), respectively. Men and survivors who were overweight/obese were more likely to be underdiagnosed and undertreated. Those with multiple adverse lifestyle factors were also more likely undertreated (odds ratio, 2.2, 95% CI, 1.1–4.5). Greater health‐related self‐efficacy was associated with reduced undertreatment (odds ratio, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3–0.8).

Conclusions
Greater awareness of among primary care providers and cardiologists, combined with improving self‐efficacy among survivors, may mitigate the risk of underdiagnosed and undertreated CVD risk factors among adult‐aged survivors of childhood cancer.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03104543.
Natural History of Asymptomatic Moderate Carotid Artery Stenosis in a Large Community-Based Cohort
Authors: Gologorsky Rebecca C. , Lancaster Elizabeth , Tucker Lue-Yen , Nguyen-Huynh Mai N. , Rothenberg Kara A. , Avins Andrew L. , Kuang Hui C. , Chang Robert W. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Moderate carotid artery stenosis is a poorly defined risk factor for ischemic stroke. As such, practice recommendations are lacking. In this study, we describe the long-term risk of stroke in patients with moderate asymptomatic stenosis in an integrated health care system.

Methods:
All adult patients with asymptomatic moderate (50%–69%) internal carotid artery stenosis between 2008 and 2012 were identified, with follow-up through 2017. The primary outcome was acute ischemic stroke attributed to the ipsilateral carotid artery. Stroke rates were calculated using competing risk analysis. Secondary outcomes included disease progression, ipsilateral intervention, and long-term survival.

Results:
Overall, 11 614 arteries with moderate stenosis in 9803 patients were identified. Mean age was 74.2±9.9 years with 51.4% women. Mean follow-up was 5.1±2.9 years. There were 180 ipsilateral ischemic strokes (1.6%) identified (crude annual risk, 0.31% [95% CI, 0.21%–0.41%]), of which thirty-one (17.2%) underwent subsequent intervention. Controlling for death and intervention as competing risks, the cumulative incidence of stroke was 1.2% (95% CI, 1.0%–1.4%) at 5 years and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.7%–2.4%) at 10 years. Of identified strokes, 50 (27.8%) arteries had progressed to severe stenosis or occlusion. During follow-up, there were 17 029 carotid studies performed in 5951 patients, revealing stenosis progression in 1674 (14.4%) arteries, including 1614 (13.9%) progressing to severe stenosis and 60 (0.5%) to occlusion. The mean time to stenosis progression was 2.6±2.1 years. Carotid intervention occurred in 708 arteries (6.1%). Of these, 66.1% (468/708) had progressed to severe stenosis. The overall mortality rate was 44.5%, with 10.5% of patients lost to follow-up.

Conclusions:
In this community-based sample of patients with asymptomatic moderate internal carotid artery stenosis followed for an average of 5 years, the cumulative incidence of stroke is low out to 10 years. Future research is needed to optimize management strategies for this population.
Professional and Demographic Profile of Spanish-Speaking Child Neurologists in the United States
Authors: Torres Alcy R. , Mohanty Mugdha , Salvador Carla , Chavez Wilson , Mora Mauricio , Kuban Karl 
Published: June 2022

>Objective: To ascertain the prevalence of culturally native Spanish-speaking child neurologists in the United States. Methods: Prevalence statistics regarding demographic and work profile were applied to data obtained from a cross-sectional electronic survey of Child Neurology Society (CNS) members. Results: Demographics of the 135 respondents were comparable to a similar CNS survey except for ethnicity as shown in Table 1 . Fifty- three percent were male and 24% were over age 60. Approximately a quarter were represented each from East, South, Midwest, and Western US. 42% self-identified as Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino. 62% spoke English as their primary language and 39% spoke Spanish as their primary language. Two-thirds graduated from a US medical school, 51% practice general neurology, and epilepsy was the most common subspecialty (18%). Two-thirds of respondents practice at a major teaching hospital, and 93% hold university academic appointments. 79% are AAN members. 76% did not have medical student debt at the time of the survey. 29% report signs consistent with burnout. 87% would choose Child Neurology again and 96% would recommend Child Neurology to a medical student. Conclusion: 40% of survey respondents self-identified as Hispanic, Latino or Spanish and spoke Spanish as the primary language and the majority practice in Academic Medicine. Nearly a third of those in the current survey identify burnout symptoms. Consideration of distinctive language and cultural characteristics across the US may lead to provision of a more patient-centered and equitable care.
Effects of blowing agents and curing temperatures on physical and mechanical properties of natural rubber foam for laminated floor tiles
Authors: Petdee Theerawat , Naemsai Thanwit , Pianhanuruk Ekkawit , Boonchouytan Worapong , Homkhiew Chatree 
Published: June 2022

Falling on the floor has been one of the most common causes of breaking a bone. Falls in senior homes and care facilities can lead to immobility symptoms and treatments. Rubber flooring is a great alternative for fall protection. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of organic blowing agents (dinitroso pentamethylene tetramine and azodicarbonamide) on the physical and mechanical properties of natural rubber foam used for laminated floor tiles. The curing temperatures were also examined in the range of 140–160 oC. From the experimental results, the blowing agent was an important component added to the rubber foam layer at various contents and temperatures. The compression set increased when curing temperatures and adding blowing agent increased. With an increase in the curing temperature, the elongation at break decreased. The findings indicated that the mechanical properties of natural rubber foam were significantly affected by the kind of blowing agent and the curing temperature. Finally, an optimal energy absorption was found in the dinitroso pentamethylene tetramine condition with 3 phr and the curing temperature of 160°C, which offers the maximum energy absorption value of 110 J.
A Meta-Analysis of Mid-Term Outcomes of Endovascular Aneurysm Sealing
Authors: Kouvelos G. , Nana P. , Brodis A. , Spanos K. , Tasoudis P. , Katsargyris A. , Verhoeven E. 
Published: June 2022

Background-Aim: Several studies have been published showing conflicting results on the outcome after endovascular aneurysm sealing (EVAS). The aim of the present study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published evidence to assess the efficacy of EVAS in the management of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods: An electronic search of the English medical literature, from 2010 to March 2021, was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases to find studies relevant to outcome after EVAS. Results: The final analysis included 12 articles published between 2011 and 2021, including 1440 patients. In total, 79.3% of the included patients underwent aneurysm treatment according to the instructions for use. Technical success was 98.8%. Overall, 30-day mortality was 1.3%. Procedure-related complications were reported in 4% of the cohort. During median follow-up of 28.1 months (range 9–72 months), the pooled estimate of endoleak type I, migration and reinterventions was 16% (95% confidence interval [CI]=7–25), 16% (95% CI=9–23), and 19% (95% CI=11–28), respectively. In a sub-analysis, 7 studies (703 patients) reported outcome with a mean follow-up of more than 2 years (range 24–72 months). In these studies, the pooled estimate of endoleak type I, migration, and reinterventions was 25% (95% CI=13–38), 22% (95% CI=19–26), and 27% (95% CI=21–33), respectively. Conclusion: Patients who have been treated with EVAS are in high risk for reintervention especially beyond 2 years following implantation. Close surveillance for patients treated with EVAS is mandatory.
Impact of T-cell immunity on chemotherapy response in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Li Yizhen , Yang Xu , Sun Yu , Li Zhenhua , Yang Wenjian , Ju Bensheng , Easton John , Pei Deqing , Cheng Cheng , Lee Shawn , Pui Ching-Hon , Yu Jiyang , Chi Hongbo , Yang Jun J. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is highly responsive to chemotherapy, it is unknown how or which host immune factors influence the long-term remission of this cancer. To this end, we systematically evaluated the effects of T-cell immunity on Ph+ ALL therapy outcomes. Using a murine Arf−/−BCR-ABL1 B-cell ALL model, we showed that loss of T cells in the host drastically increased leukemia relapse after dasatinib or cytotoxic chemotherapy. Although ABL1 mutations emerged early during dasatinib treatment in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts, T-cell immunity was essential for suppressing the outgrowth of drug-resistant leukemia. Bulk and single-cell transcriptome profiling of T cells during therapy pointed to the activation of type 1 immunity-related cytokine signaling being linked to long-term leukemia remission in mice. Consistent with these observations, interferon γ and interleukin 12 directly modulated dasatinib antileukemia efficacy in vivo. Finally, we evaluated peripheral blood immune cell composition in 102 children with ALL during chemotherapy and observed a significant association of T-cell abundance with treatment outcomes. Together, these results suggest that T-cell immunity plays pivotal roles in maintaining long-term remission of ALL, highlighting that the interplay between host immunity and drug resistance can be harnessed to improve ALL chemotherapy outcomes.
EMDLP: Ensemble multiscale deep learning model for RNA methylation site prediction
Authors: Wang Honglei , Liu Hui , Huang Tao , Li Gangshen , Zhang Lin , Sun Yanjing 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Recent research recommends that epi-transcriptome regulation through post-transcriptional RNA modifications is essential for all sorts of RNA. Exact identification of RNA modification is vital for understanding their purposes and regulatory mechanisms. However, traditional experimental methods of identifying RNA modification sites are relatively complicated, time-consuming, and laborious.
Machine learning approaches have been applied in the procedures of RNA sequence features extraction and classification in a computational way, which may supplement experimental approaches more efficiently. Recently, convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) have been demonstrated achievements in modification site prediction on account of their powerful functions in representation learning. However, CNN can learn the local response from the spatial data but cannot learn sequential correlations. And LSTM is specialized for sequential modeling and can access both the contextual representation but lacks spatial data extraction compared with CNN. There is strong motivation to construct a prediction framework using natural language processing (NLP), deep learning (DL) for these reasons.

Results
This study presents an ensemble multiscale deep learning predictor (EMDLP) to identify RNA methylation sites in an NLP and DL way. It organically combines the dilated convolution and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), which helps to take better advantage of the local and global information for site prediction.
The first step of EMDLP is to represent the RNA sequences in an NLP way. Thus, three encodings, e.g., RNA word embedding, One-hot encoding, and RGloVe, which is an improved learning method of word vector representation based on GloVe, are adopted to decipher sites from the viewpoints of the local and global information. Then, a dilated convolutional Bidirectional LSTM network (DCB) model is constructed with the dilated convolutional neural network (DCNN) followed by BiLSTM to extract potential contributing features for methylation site prediction. Finally, these three encoding methods are integrated by a soft vote to obtain better predictive performance. Experiment results on m1A and m6A reveal that the area under the receiver operating characteristic(AUROC) of EMDLP obtains respectively 95.56%, 85.24%, and outperforms the state-of-the-art models. To maximize user convenience, a user-friendly webserver for EMDLP was publicly available at http://www.labiip.net/EMDLP/index.php (http://47.104.130.81/EMDLP/index.php).

Conclusions
We developed a predictor for m1A and m6A methylation sites.
Blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio is associated with in-hospital mortality among critically ill patients with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Sun Di , Wei Changmin , Li Zhen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundsAlthough Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine concentration (Cr) has been widely measured in daily clinical practice, BUN-to-Cr ratio (BCR) for prognosis among patients admitted with cardiogenic shock (CS) remains unknown. The present study was conducted to assess the prognostic effectiveness of BCR on CS.Methods and resultsRecords of data for patients with CS were extracted from public database of the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III (MIMIC-III). The primarily endpoint was in-hospital mortality. We incorporated multivariate Cox regression model and Kaplan–Meier curve to evaluate the relationship between BCR and in-hospital mortality, adjusting for potential confounders. Data of 1137 patients with CS were employed for the final cohort, with 556 in the low BCR (< 20) and 581 in the high BCR (≥ 20) group. In the multivariate Cox model and Kaplan–Meier curve, compared to low BCR, we found high BCR was independently associated with significantly improved in-hospital survival for CS (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.51–0.84;P < 0.01). The benefit of high BCR on in-hospital survival for CS was remaining among subgroups of acute kidney injury (AKI) and non-AKI.ConclusionsOur analysis indicated that high BCR, as compared to low BCR, was correlated with improved in-hospital survival for participants with CS, with or without AKI. The results need to be proved in large prospective studies.
Elevated Th17 cell proportion, related cytokines and mRNA expression level in patients with hypertension-mediated organ damage: a case control study
Authors: Wang Zhuoqun , Wang Jiannan , Yang Pengfei , Song Xiwen , Li Yongle 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Immune abnormalities and inflammatory responses play critical roles in progression of hypertension. Basic studies have confirmed that Th17 cell and related cytokines are important in promoting hypertension-mediated organ damage, but few clinical evidences have been published. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the relationship between Th17 cell and its related cytokines and hypertension-mediated organ damage in human.

Methods
This study enrolled 179 patients with hypertension (including 92 with hypertension-mediated organ damage and 87 without hypertension-mediated organ damage) and 63 healthy participants. The proportion of Th17 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by flow cytometry. The concentrations of interleukin-17 and interleukin-23 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real time-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-17, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR) γt and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3).

Results
The proportion of Th17 cells, the concentration of interleukin-17 and interleukin-23 and the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-17, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 were significantly increased in hypertension-mediated organ damage group compared with those in non-hypertension-mediated organ damage group and control group (P < 0.005).

Conclusion
Th17 cells and their associated cytokines may be involved in hypertension-mediated organ damage formation and may be able to serve as new biomarkers of hypertension-mediated organ damage and potential therapeutic targets.
Automating risk of bias assessment in systematic reviews: a real-time mixed methods comparison of human researchers to a machine learning system
Authors: Jardim Patricia Sofia Jacobsen , Rose Christopher James , Ames Heather Melanie , Echavez Jose Francisco Meneses , Van de Velde Stijn , Muller Ashley Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Machine learning and automation are increasingly used to make the evidence synthesis process faster and more responsive to policymakers’ needs. In systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), risk of bias assessment is a resource-intensive task that typically requires two trained reviewers. One function of RobotReviewer, an off-the-shelf machine learning system, is an automated risk of bias assessment.

Methods
We assessed the feasibility of adopting RobotReviewer within a national public health institute using a randomized, real-time, user-centered study. The study included 26 RCTs and six reviewers from two projects examining health and social interventions. We randomized these studies to one of two RobotReviewer platforms. We operationalized feasibility as accuracy, time use, and reviewer acceptability. We measured accuracy by the number of corrections made by human reviewers (either to automated assessments or another human reviewer’s assessments). We explored acceptability through group discussions and individual email responses after presenting the quantitative results.

Results
Reviewers were equally likely to accept judgment by RobotReviewer as each other’s judgement during the consensus process when measured dichotomously; risk ratio 1.02 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.13; p = 0.33). We were not able to compare time use. The acceptability of the program by researchers was mixed. Less experienced reviewers were generally more positive, and they saw more benefits and were able to use the tool more flexibly. Reviewers positioned human input and human-to-human interaction as superior to even a semi-automation of this process.

Conclusion
Despite being presented with evidence of RobotReviewer’s equal performance to humans, participating reviewers were not interested in modifying standard procedures to include automation. If further studies confirm equal accuracy and reduced time compared to manual practices, we suggest that the benefits of RobotReviewer may support its future implementation as one of two assessors, despite reviewer ambivalence. Future research should study barriers to adopting automated tools and how highly educated and experienced researchers can adapt to a job market that is increasingly challenged by new technologies.