bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dosing Strategy Model of Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithm for Sepsis
Authors: Lin Tianlai , Zhang Xinjue , Gong Jianbing , Tan Rundong , Xu Xiang , Wang Lijun , Pan Yingxia , Gao junhui 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
BackgroundA growing body of research indicates that the use of computerized decision support systems can better guide disease treatment and save resources. An artificial intelligence (AI) clinical decision system may be a useful tool to predict how different dose combinations affect survival outcomes in patients with sepsis. We boldly use Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm to improve the sepsis AI clinical decision system developed by MIT and IMPERIAL College London (ICL) team. We believe that although the system has been verified by data, due to the limitations of the core algorithm, it cannot meet the needs of clinical use, it could also be that the model of training is not stable. The purpose of this study was to establish a more effective AI clinician decision-making system to guide sepsis treatment.MethodsWe chose the same data model as the MIT team for experiments. these datasets are from the publicly available Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care (MIMIC-III v1.4) database. We utilized hospitalization information for 38,600 adult patients over 15 years of age。we adopted DDPG (a strategy-based reinforcement learning method) to build an artificial intelligence clinician model.ResultsCompared with the sepsis AI clinician decision model developed by MIT based on DNQ algorithm, the sepsis AI clinician decision model developed by DDPG algorithm had a faster convergence rate, was closer to the clinician decision, and had a higher survival rate.ConclusionsThe AI clinician decision system based on DDPG algorithm can better help the ICU (Intensive Care Unit ) clinicians to cope with the changes in the condition of sepsis patients, reduce the workload, and provide a reference dosage.
Justicia Secunda: a Poultry Phytogenic Growth Promoter
Authors: Oko Augustine Okpani , Ekuma Emmanuel Toochukwu , Eluu Stanley Chijioke 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Aqueous and ethanol leaf-extracts of Justicia secunda, were investigated for possible application as poultry growth promoters. Vitamins, minerals and phytochemical compositions of the leaves were investigated using standard methods. Seventy-two broilers were grouped into nine with eight birds per treatment through random selection and bred for period of eight weeks. Growth and meat quality evaluations, biochemical and hematological assessment of the blood were done using standard methods. Results revealed that the plant contained water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins, macro-elements, trace-elements, alkaloids and polyphenols necessary for improving poultry performances. It was observed that the extracts improved meat quality of the broilers more than control groups, as the drip and cooking losses of the broilers were lower. Also, there were improved blood proteins (total protein, albumin, globulin) and hematological indices of the broilers. Consequently, leaf-extracts of J. secunda could serve as replacements for chemical growth promoters with aqueous extracts as the better choice having produced better effects than ethanol extracts.
Ultra-strong comprehensive radiation effect tolerance in carbon nanotube electronics
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Zhu Maguang , Lu Peng , Wang Xuan , Qian Chen , Zhu Huiping , Zhang Yajie , Zhou Jianshuo , Xu Haitao , Han Zhengsheng , Han Jianwei , Chen Rui , Li Bo , Peng Lian-Mao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistors (FETs) have been considered ideal building blocks for radiation-hardened integrated circuits (ICs), the demand for which is exponentially growing, especially in outer space exploration and the nuclear industry. Many studies on the radiation tolerance of CNT-based electronics have focused on the total ionizing dose (TID) effect, while few works have considered the single event effects (SEEs) and displacement damage (DD) effect, which are more difficult to measure but may be more important in practical applications. We first executed measurements of the SEEs and DD effect of CNT FETs and ICs and then presented a comprehensive radiation effect analysis of CNT electronics. The CNT ICs without special irradiation reinforcement technology exhibit a comprehensive radiation tolerance, including a 1×104 MeV∙cm2/mg level of the laser-equivalent threshold linear energy transfer (LET) for SEEs, 2.8×1013 MeV/g for DD and 2 Mrad (Si) for TID, which are at least 4 times higher than those in conventional radiation-hardened ICs. The ultrahigh intrinsic comprehensive radiation tolerance will promote the applications of CNT ICs in high-energy solar and cosmic radiation environments.
The outcome of linezolid induced optic and peripheral neuropathy in a Pakistani patient treated for multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis: A case report
Authors: Bano Safia , Nawaz Ahmad , Numan Ahsan , Hassan Aarish , Shafique Bilal 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Linezolid is a core second-line drug used for the treatment of extensively and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Linezolid showed the promised efficacy in the treatment of drugs resistant tuberculosis. However, the associated adverse effects such as optic and peripheral neuropathy are the major obstacles for its long-term therapy. We recently encountered a case of progressive deterioration of vision and numbness in the feet in a 32-years-old male undergoing linezolid therapy for 12 months for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Nerve conduction studies were highly suggestive of length dependent axonal sensory polyneuropathy while the fundoscopic image was highly favorable of optic neuropathy. A slight improvement was seen in vision with no improvement or worsening of peripheral neuropathy on follow-up visits after the discontinuation of linezolid. In a developing country like Pakistan, whereas the management of developing resistance to tuberculosis is a major problem, awareness among physicians for close follow-up of a patient using long-term linezolid therapy should be created to avoid such serious optic and peripheral neuropathy.
Stokes meta-hologram toward optical cryptography
Authors: Guo Xuyue , Li Peng , Zhong Jinzhan , Wen Dandan , Wei Bingyan , Liu Sheng , Qi Shuxia , Zhao Jianlin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Optical cryptography manifests itself a powerful platform for information security, which involves encrypting secret images into visual patterns. Recently, encryption schemes demonstrated on metasurface platform have revolutionized optical cryptography due to the versatile design concepts allow for unrestrained creativity. Despite rapid progresses, most efforts focus on the functionalities of cryptography rather than addressing performance issues, such as deep security, information capacity, and reconstruction quality. Here, we develop an optical encryption scheme by integrating visual cryptography with metasurface-assisted pattern masking, referred to as Stokes meta-hologram. Based on spatially structured polarization pattern masking, Stokes meta-hologram allows multichannel vectorial encryption to mask multiple secret images into unrecognizable visual patterns, and retrieve them following Stokes vector analysis. Further, an asymmetric encryption scheme based on Stokes vector rotation transformation is proposed to settle the inherent problem of the need to share the key in symmetric encryption. Our results show that Stokes meta-hologram can achieve highly secured optical cryptography architecture, and thereby paves a promising pathway toward optical and quantum security, optical communications, and anticounterfeiting.
3cDe-Net： A Cervical Cancer Cell Detection Network Based on an Improved Backbone Network and Multiscale Feature Fusion
Authors: Wang Wei , Tian Yun , Xu Yang , Zhang Xiao-xuan , Li Yan-song , Zhao Shi-feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer cell detection is an essential means of cervical cancer screening. However, in thin-prep cytology test-based images, the detection accuracy of traditional computer-aided detection algorithms is typically low due to the overlap of cells with blurred cytoplasmic boundaries. Clinical applications face more difficulties.
Method
we propose a cervical cancer cell detection network (3cDe-Net) based on an improved backbone network and multiscale feature fusion, and the network consists of the backbone network and the detection head. In the backbone network, a dilated convolution and a group convolution are introduced to improve the resolution and model expression ability. In the detection head, multiscale features are obtained based on a feature pyramid fusion network to ensure accurate capture of small cells; and then, based on Faster R-CNN, adaptive anchors of cervical cancer cells are generated via unsupervised clustering; furthermore, a new balanced L1-based loss function is defined, which reduces the unbalanced sample contribution loss.
Result
For two different datasets(the Data-T dataset and Herlev dataset), the baselines including ResNet-50, ResNet-101, Inception-v3, ResNet-152 and the feature concatenation network were used, and the final quantitative results showed the effectiveness of the proposed backbone network DC-ResNet. Furthermore, experiments with both datasets show that our detection network 3cDe-Net, based on the optimal anchor, the defined new loss function, and the DC-ResNet, outperforms existing methods and achieves a mAP of 50.4%. By horizontal comparison of cells on the image, the category information and location information can be obtained concurrently.
Conclusion
The proposed 3cDe-Net is an end-to-end network that can detect cancer cells on multicell pictures and can determine their locations. The model processes and analyzes samples directly at the picture level rather than the cellular level, which is more efficient and meets clinical needs more effectively.
Prediction of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with psoriasis in northern China
Authors: Fu Qian , Su Dong qiang , Miao Yu , Chen Taoyu , Ji Yanqi , Zhang Feng 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
To investigate cardio vascular disease (CVD) risk factors and predict future CVD risk in patients with psoriasis in northern China, we conducted a retrospective study on risk factors in 1,067 psoriasis patients (psoriasis group) and 1,110 physical examiners without psoriasis (control group). Compared with the control group, the psoriasis group showed a stronger correlation with CVD history, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidaemia (all P < 0.01). CVD was more common in patients with a long history of psoriasis (P < 0.01), and the incidence of severe psoriasis with diabetes was higher (P < 0.01). In the psoriasis prediction group, the proportion in psoriasis in the "medium risk" and "very high risk" was significantly higher (P < 0.01). Heart age was significantly increased than their actual in the "old people" (P < 0.01). The results showed that the risk factors for CVD in patients with psoriasis were higher than those in the control group, and psoriasis with a long history or severe disease had a higher risk of CVD. Patients with psoriasis have a higher risk of future CVD, and the predicted heart age in the older groups tends to exceed the actual age. This suggests that attention should be paid to the present and future risk of CVD in patients with psoriasis and to the management of cardiovascular comorbidities.
Glucocerebrosidase, a Parkinson´s disease-associated protein, is imported into mitochondria and regulates complex I assembly and function
Authors: Baden Pascale , Perez Maria-Jose , Kalb Stefanie , Raji Hariam , Illescas María , Giuliano Claudio , Bertoli Federico , Oldrati Marvin , Calogero Alessandra , Cappelletti Graziella , Brockmann Kathrin , Gasser Thomas , Schapira Anthony H V , Ugalde Cristina , Deleidi Michela 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mutations in the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which cause Gaucher's disease, are the most frequent genetic risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we employed global proteomic and single-cell genomic approaches in stable cell lines as well as induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons and midbrain organoids to dissect the mechanisms underlying GCase-related neurodegeneration. We demonstrate that a fraction of GCase can be imported from the cytosol into the mitochondria via the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) import machinery via recognition of internal mitochondrial targeting sequence-like signals. In mitochondria, GCase promotes the assembly and function of mitochondrial complex I (CI). Furthermore, GCase interacts with the mitochondrial quality control proteins HSP60 and LONP1. Disease-associated mutations impair the assembly and function of CI and enhance the interaction with the mitochondrial quality control machinery. These findings reveal a previously unknown function of GCase in mitochondria and suggest that defective CI activity and energy metabolism may drive the pathogenesis of GCase-driven neurodegeneration.
Isolation: Revising the estimated risk of sea-level rise
Authors: Logan Tom , Anderson Mitchell , Reilly Allison 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The typical displacement metric for sea-level rise adaptation planning is parcel inundation. However, this metric does not fully capture the wider cascading or indirect effects of sea-level rise. To address this, we propose the consideration of population isolation: those who cannot access essential services. Based on this metric, we find a 39–464% increase in the number of people considered at-risk, compared to the risk from parcel inundation, when considering inundated roadways during mean higher high water tides in the coastal U.S. We also find that isolation may occur decades sooner than parcel inundation. Both estimates of risk are critical elements for evaluating adaptation options and prioritizing support for at-risk communities.
Arthro-Broström with Endoscopic Retinaculum Augmentation using All-inside Lasso-loop Stitch Techniques
Authors: Yang Yunjian , Han Jing , Wu Helin , Zhi Xiaosong , Lian Junhong , Xu Feng , Cai Xianhua , Wei Shijun 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
There is still controversy about the augmentation of the inferior extensor retinaculum after arthroscopic anterior talofibular ligament repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the arthro-Broström procedure with endoscopic retinaculum augmentation using all-inside lasso-loop stitch techniques for chronic lateral ankle instability.
Methods
Thirty-four cases with type-2 or type-3 chronic anterior talofibular ligament lesions who underwent the arthro-Broström procedure with endoscopic retinaculum augmentation using all-inside lasso-loop stitch techniques were assessed retrospectively. A total of 30 cases (30 ankles) were followed up for a mean of 26.67 ± 4.19 months (range, 24–36 months). Five cases were excluded due to insufficient medical records or loss of follow-up reports. The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool scores, The Karlsson-Peterson scores and Visual Analogue Scale scores were evaluated before surgery and at the final follow-up time. Also, the results of stress fluoroscopic tests and complications were recorded.
Results
At the final follow-up, the average of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool scores, The Karlsson-Peterson scores and Visual Analogue Scale scores were 86.63 ± 6.69 (range, 77–100), 90.17 ± 4.64 (range, 85–100) and 0.53 ± 0.63 (range, 0–2), respectively. Moreover, the results of stress fluoroscopic tests were improved significantly after surgery. Mild keloid formation and/or knot irritation were observed in four cases. No wound infections, nerve injuries and recurrent instability were recorded. Also, no stiffness or arthritis of the subtalar joint was encountered.
Conclusions
The arthro-Broström procedure combined with endoscopic retinaculum augmentation using all-inside lasso-loop techniques is reliable and safe due to satisfactory clinical results and avoiding nerve injuries.
Level of evidence:
Level IV, retrospective case series.
The effectiveness of prophylactic foraminotomy in preventing C5 palsy paralysis: a meta- analysis
Authors: xiong yi , zhang liuyi , Wu Xiao yu , Hu Qi Qi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: With the development of medical science, surgical treatment of cervical spondylosis has increasingly achieved positive results. However, postoperative complications have also gradually increased, cervical 5 (C5) nerve root paralysis syndrome is one of the more serious complications. Different theories have been formulated regarding what causes this after posterior cervical surgery and studies have been conducted to test these theories, but no consensus has been reached. Methods: We systematically searched the literature for studies on the clinical effect of foraminotomy on C5 nerve root palsy; our search included the MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases from their establishment to present. Results: A total of 6 studies meeting the inclusion criteria and including 1174 patients were included in this meta-analysis: Prophylactic foraminotomy was performed in 498 patients and foraminoplasty was performed in 676 patients. There was no significant difference in the incidence of C5 palsy or the Japanese Orthopedic Association（JOA）scores between prophylactic foraminotomy and ordinary cervical spine surgery [OR = 0.67, 95% Cl (0.15,3.10), P = 0.61], [SMD = 0.15, 95% Cl(−0.06,0.36), P = 0.15]. However, the duration of prophylactic foraminotomy was longer than that of conventional cervical surgery [MD = 27.38, 95% Cl (21.73,33.02), P < 0.00001]. Conclusions: Meta-analysis results showed that prophylactic foraminotomy was not significant in preventing the incidence of C5 nerve palsy and JOA score , but prolonged the operation time Therefore, we do not recommend prophylactic foraminotomy to prevent postoperative C5 nerve root palsy in light of the current evidence.
How public and private health insurance coverage mitigates catastrophic health expenditures in South Korea
Authors: Jung Hyun Woo , Kwon Young Dae , Noh Jin-Won 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Korea has instituted a private health insurance (PHI) scheme that covers the remaining expenses uncovered by the National Health Insurance (NHI). No study has yet estimated the extent to which PHI coverage lowers the economic burden of household access to health care. The current study intends to evaluate the design of Korea's PHI system in terms of coverage using a catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) indicator and compare it with NHI. Methods: This study determined the difference between the number of households subscribed to PHI and the number of households that paid benefits. Also, it compared the effects of reduced CHE through NHI benefits with those of PHI. Furthermore, it compared PHI benefit rates by income class. Finally, it analyzed the benefit contribution of NHI and PHI to CHE reduction through a two-part model with hierarchical regression. Results: Results indicated that of the 5,644 households studied, 3,769 subscribed to PHI, but only 246 households received benefits. The NHI reduced CHE incidence by 15.17%, whereas PHI only reduced CHE by 1.22%. The NHI scheme indicated reduced inequality as it provided more benefits to the low-income class, whereas the PHI paid more to the high-income class. The NHI coverage has protected households from CHE and improved equality to some extent; however, PHI coverage has had little effect on relieving CHE and has deteriorated equality. Conclusions: Korean private insurance companies, which are mostly subsidiaries of for-profit conglomerates, only pay for pre-contracted diseases, therefore, most patients do not receive benefits. Thus, Korea's private insurance system needs to improve to provide benefits to patients more generously and alleviate the financial burden of medical use.
Serum levels of TNF alpha as diabetics prognostic marker in nondiabetic patients during coronavirus 19 infection. a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Al-fadhel samar Muayad 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Coronavirus person with diabetes mellitus, old age and other comorbidities are considered predictors of higher morbidity and mortality. Also, blood glucose levels are independent predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID19. Diabetes Mellitus can effects immune response, whether up or down, according to control levels of glucose in circulation, Materials and methods: A prospective longitudinal study was carried out from January 2021 till January 2022 at Murjan hospital; in Babil, Iraq; blood samples were obtained from 150 COVID 19 patients, divided into 50 patients in three groups. The first group had uncontrolled diabetes, the second group with controlled diabetes and the last group none diabetic patients developed hyperglycemia during COVID19 infection. An ELISA technique was done for the TNF alpha detection in serum and Hba1c by chromatographic and fasting blood sugar for all cases and other medical data taken from patients' files. Results: ANOVA shows a significant high p-value of 0.0005,0.005&0.006 for ( TNF, CRP, Hba1c and fasting blood sugar, respectively ) correlated with hyperglycemia in none diabetic patients during COVID19 infection; meanwhile, the elevated levels of TNF correlated with sever cases development in diabetic groups, also TNF alpha elevated with Hba1c and fasting blood sugar test and CRP the study also used Kaplen Meier test where high levels of Hba1c, fasting blood sugar and TNF alpha correlated with an increased mortality rate (P < 0.002, 0.001 and 0.oo1 respectively). Although TNF alpha can be an excellent predictive test for the development of diabetes mellitus in none diabetic COVID 19 patients and predicts severe stages of COVID19 infection, also Hba1c considered an excellent test. In contrast, fasting sugars test outstanding in prognosis hyperglycemic and severity cases in three groups of COVID 19 patients. Conclusion: From these findings, we can conclude that high TNF alpha proteins are considered good prognosis factors for the development of hyperglycemia in none diabetic COVID 19 patients and predict the severity of infection and mortality rate among patients with COVID19.