bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple regulatory events contribute to a widespread circular RNA downregulation in precancer and early stage of colorectal cancer development
Authors: Camandona Alessandro , Gagliardi Amedeo , Licheri Nicola , Tarallo Sonia , Francescato Giulia , Budinska Eva , Carnogurska Martina , Zwinsová Barbora , Martinoglio Barbara , Franchitti Lorenzo , Gallo Gaetano , Cutrupi Santina , De Bortoli Michele , Pardini Barbara , Naccarati Alessio , Ferrero Giulio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) significantly improves its management and patients’ survival. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are peculiar covalently closed transcripts involved in gene expression modulation whose dysregulation has been extensively reported in CRC cells. However, little is known about their alterations in the early phases of colorectal carcinogenesis.

Methods
In this study, we performed an integrative analysis of circRNA profiles in RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) data of 96 colorectal cancers, 27 adenomas, and matched adjacent mucosa tissues. We also investigated the levels of cognate linear transcripts and those of regulating RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Levels of circRNA-interacting microRNAs (miRNAs) were explored by integrating data of small RNA-Seq performed on the same samples.

Results
Our results revealed a significant dysregulation of 34 circRNAs (paired adj. p < 0.05), almost exclusively downregulated in tumor tissues and, prevalently, in early disease stages. This downregulation was associated with decreased expression of circRNA host genes and those encoding for RBPs involved in circRNA biogenesis, including NOVA1, RBMS3, and MBNL1. Guilt-by-association analysis showed that dysregulated circRNAs correlated with increased predicted activity of cell proliferation, DNA repair, and c-Myc signaling pathways. Functional analysis showed interactions among dysregulated circRNAs, RBPs, and miRNAs, which were supported by significant correlations among their expression levels. Findings were validated in independent cohorts and public datasets, and the downregulation of circLPAR1(2,3) and circLINC00632(5) was validated by ddPCR.

Conclusions
These results support that multiple altered regulatory mechanisms may contribute to the reduction of circRNA levels that characterize early colorectal carcinogenesis.
Ac-225 radiochemistry through the lens of [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-TATE
Authors: Hooijman Eline L. , de Jong Jan R. , Ntihabose Carolline M. , Bruchertseifer Frank , Morgenstern Alfred , Seimbille Yann , Brabander Tessa , Koolen Stijn L. W. , de Blois Erik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Targeted alpha therapy with Ac-225 showed to be effective in treating metastatic cancers. However, the complex decay chain requires optimized radiolabeling and quality control. This study aims to determine critical parameters and establish optimal labeling and accurate measuring techniques for radiochemical yield and purity with DOTA-TATE as a model molecule. Ac-225 sources were analyzed for metals (ΣFe, Zn, Cu) and quantified by UPLC. Optimization of radiolabeling kinetics for clinical conditions was performed in regards to temperature (20–90 °C), heating time (5–60 min), pH (2.5–10, with/without excess of metal ions), buffers, quenchers, volume (0.1–10 mL) and molar activity (90–540 kBq/nmol). The quality control was investigated using radio-TLC/HPLC by changing gradient to evaluate peak separation, radiolysed peptide and impurity separation.

Results
Metal ingrowth was observed in Ac-225 stocks (n = 3), (time of arrival: 17.9, 36.8 and 101.4 nmol per 10 MBq). Optimal radiochemical yields were achieved with > 80 °C (20 min) at pH 8.5 (15 mM TRIS) up to 270 kBq. Labeling at a high pH showed a higher RCY, even in presence of an excess of metals. High stability (RCP > 90%) was achieved after addition of quenchers (cysteine, methionine, ascorbate, histidine, or gentisic acid (35 mM)) up to 24 h. For optimal determination of the radiochemical purity (indirect HPLC) fifty fractions are required.

Conclusion
The quality of Ac-225 labeled DOTA-radiopharmaceuticals is highly dependent on the pH and stabilization (buffer/quencher). Within this research it is demonstrated that optimized quality control methods and accurate measurement of the radiolabeling kinetics are crucial to ensure safe implementation for patient treatment.
Alkaline-enhanced boehmite catalysts for catalytic hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide at low temperature
Authors: Lin Jia-Yin , Lee Jia-Yu , Wang Chih-Ying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The removal of carbonyl sulfide (COS), a byproduct gas in the steel industry, is crucial due to its environmental impact, including acid rain formation and corrosion of chemical equipment. This study explores enhancing the catalytic performance for COS hydrolysis at low temperatures by loading potassium hydroxide (KOH) onto boehmite catalysts. The modified catalysts demonstrated significantly improved COS conversion rates and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) yields compared to untreated counterparts. At 40 °C, K/Boehmite catalysts achieved approximately 80% COS conversion. As the temperature increased to 50, 60, and 70 °C, COS conversion efficiencies neared 100%, with H2S yields reaching up to 98% for K/Boehmite-3 (A method involving the loading of KOH onto boehmite catalysts.) Characterization results confirmed that KOH increased the number of active sites on the catalyst surface, enhancing COS adsorption and reaction. The KOH modification increases alkalinity and promotes the formation of surface hydroxyl groups, which play a key role in the hydrolysis reaction. These hydroxyl groups facilitate water adsorption and the breakdown of COS into H2S and CO2. This study presents a straightforward method for KOH impregnation on boehmite, marking the first use of boehmite as a COS hydrolysis catalyst, significantly boosting its efficiency and offering a viable solution for industrial COS removal while effectively generating H2S.
Surveillance of H7N9 avian influenza virus in farmers’ markets in Beijing in 2019–2023
Authors: Zou Lin , Zhang Chong , Zhang Jianming , Wang Jianguo , Tong Ling , Xi Lu , Liu Xiao , Ma Jing , Gao Xiang , Zhen Bojun , Zhang Ping , Li Jie , Li Xiaohui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) present an ongoing threat of human infections. Continuous surveillance is important for detecting new infections and verifying prevention and control measures. Swabs of the external environment and throat swabs of employees were collected from six farmers’ markets in Beijing to detect influenza A virus. Positive samples were sequenced, and their genetic characteristics analyzed. In total, 3251 environmental samples were collected from 2019 to 2023, 11 of which were positive for influenza A virus (positivity rate of 0.34%), including nine for H9N2 and two for H7N9. In a genetic analysis, all H7N9 samples showed low pathogenicity, and no mutations at highly pathogenic sites were detected. All 1135 throat swab samples from staff were negative for influenza A virus. At present, the detection rate of AIVs in farmers’ markets is very low, and no adaptive mutations allowing cross-host transmission were found, indicating a low risk of AIV infection among the people of Beijing.
The emerging roles of the endoplasmic reticulum in mechanosensing and mechanotransduction
Authors: Townson Jonathan , Progida Cinzia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Cells are continuously subjected to physical and chemical cues from the extracellular environment, and sense and respond to mechanical cues via mechanosensation and mechanotransduction. Although the role of the cytoskeleton in these processes is well known, the contribution of intracellular membranes has been long neglected. Recently, it has become evident that various organelles play active roles in both mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. In this Review, we focus on mechanosensitive roles of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the functions of which are crucial for maintaining cell homeostasis. We discuss the effects of mechanical stimuli on interactions between the ER, the cytoskeleton and other organelles; the role of the ER in intracellular Ca2+ signalling via mechanosensitive channels; and how the unfolded protein response and lipid homeostasis contribute to mechanosensing. The expansive structure of the ER positions it as a key intracellular communication hub, and we additionally explore how this may be leveraged to transduce mechanical signals around the cell. By synthesising current knowledge, we aim to shed light on the emerging roles of the ER in cellular mechanosensing and mechanotransduction.
How do feeding biomechanics, extreme predator–prey size ratios and the rare enemy effect determine energetics and ecology at the largest scale?
Authors: Goldbogen Jeremy A. , Cade David E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
The most recent and largest radiation of marine filter feeders are edentulous baleen whales (Mysticeti) that use keratinized racks of fringed and matted baleen to filter zooplankton (e.g. krill) or small schooling fish (e.g. anchovies, sardines). Rorqual whales (Balaeopteridae) exhibit the greatest size range among mysticetes and employ a unique lunge-feeding mechanism whereby engulfment and filtration are temporally decoupled. As a result, lunge feeding confers the ability to rapidly engulf large prey aggregations, such as krill or schooling fish, followed by a prolonged filter phase. In contrast, engulfment and filtration occur at the same time in all other gigantic filter feeders (e.g. basking sharks, whale sharks) at slow speeds. Although lunges in rorquals occur at higher speeds, the extreme predator–prey ratios at play suggest that whales may not be able to overcome the escape abilities of scattering prey. These types of prey have been engaged in evolutionary arms races with smaller predators for tens of millions of years prior to the rise of today's ocean giants. Extant rorqual whales evolved gigantism only in the last few million years; thus, they represent rare enemies of small prey such that flight responses may be delayed until escape is less likely. Data from whale-borne movement-sensing tags, looming stimulus experiments and stomach contents suggest a potential trade-off in capture efficiency for different prey types (e.g. fish versus krill) with increasing whale body size. Such constraints likely shaped the ecology and energetics of foraging at the largest scales.
Understanding mechanisms of avian flight by integrating observations with tests of competing hypotheses
Authors: Altshuler Douglas L. , Baliga Vikram B. , Lapsansky Anthony B. , Lee Phillip , Press Eric R. , Theriault Jolan S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
A long-standing problem in the study of avian flight is determining how biomechanics and physiology are associated with behaviour, ecological interactions and evolution. In some avian clades, flight mechanisms are strongly linked to ecology. Hummingbirds, for example, exhibit traits that support both hovering flight and nectar foraging. In most avian clades, however, features such as wing shape are highly variable among taxa without clear relationships to biomechanics, energetics or ecology. In this Commentary, we discuss challenges to understanding associations between phenotype and performance in avian flight. A potential pitfall in studies that attempt to link trait specialization with performance is that the most relevant traits and environments are not being considered. Additionally, a large number of studies of the mechanisms of avian flight are highly phenomenological. Although observations are essential for hypothesis development, we argue that for our discipline to make progress, we will need much more integration of the observational phase with developing crucial tests of competing hypotheses. Direct comparison of alternative hypotheses can be accomplished through analytical frameworks as well as through experimentation.
How might turbulence affect animal flight in a changing world?
Authors: Shepard Emily L. C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
The influence of wind on animal flight costs and flight decisions is well established. Far less is known about the effects of turbulence. Indeed, a mechanistic framework allowing researchers to predict the costs and consequences of turbulence for flapping flight is lacking. This is a notable knowledge gap, as turbulence is ubiquitous within the natural flight environment, and its characteristics and distribution are changing across the spectrum of animal flight heights as a result of, for example, land use change and increasing atmospheric instability. Here, I briefly assess naturally occurring and anthropogenic drivers of turbulence before considering how turbulence affects the metabolic costs of flight and how animals might respond in the wild. Turbulence has a measurable effect on flight costs when eddy diameter is comparable to the wingspan. The few metabolic data on this suggest that turbulence can increase flight power by 25–100%. The ability to meet the costs of turbulence should decrease with increasing body mass, because of the negative relationship between available power and mass. Larger flapping fliers may therefore show stronger behavioural responses to turbulence. Consistent with this, waterbirds and large seabirds show marked avoidance of offshore wind farms, but this has yet to be analysed in relation to turbulence. Overall, the integration of laboratory and field approaches should provide new insight into the conditions animals avoid, the associated costs (according to eddy size, velocity and flight morphology) and the implications for flight in changing airscapes.
The role of plumage and heat dissipation areas in thermoregulation in doves
Authors: Crandell Kristen E. , Powers Donald R. , Tobalske Bret W. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Avian plumage contributes to the regulation of body temperature. In most climates, avian heat dissipation occurs passively via radiation, conduction and convection owing to the thermal gradient between the environment and the animal. The muscles that power flight also produce significant heat that must be dissipated. How plumage and areas with sparse or no feathers (termed ‘heat dissipation areas’, HDAs) interact with these mechanisms is unclear. We examined the role of plumage as an insulator, or dissipator, of heat in ringed turtle-doves (Streptopelia risoria) under four thermal regimes: resting, post-flight, heating via radiative lamps, and cooling via wind. We measured internal body temperature and skin-level temperature (under the plumage) using thermal PIT tags alongside surface temperature using a thermal imaging camera. Flight increased internal temperature by 0.6°C compared with resting, but the other treatments did not have significant effects. The skin-level temperature during wind exposure was 1.6°C cooler than in other conditions. HDAs changed in surface area above 35°C but not maximum temperature among treatments. Post-flight and during radiant heating, birds increased HDA surface area – most notably at the wing. During simulated wind produced using a fan, the HDAs of the beak and wing were eliminated, and areas of other HDAs were reduced. Our results demonstrate that birds modulate active HDAs to maintain consistent core body temperatures under induced temperature challenges. They also promote caution for extrapolating from thermal images of surface temperature to infer core temperature in birds.
Avaliação dos gastos com pessoal nos municípios do estado do Ceará
Authors: Coutinho Lara Beatriz Lima , Almeida Ana Luisa Alves , Souza Jackeline Lucas 
Published: February 2025

Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar os impactos dos gastos com pessoal nos municípios do estado do Ceará decorrentes da pandemia covid-19. A metodologia é qualitativo-quantitativa, aplicada nos 184 municípios do estado do Ceará, nos anos de 2018 a 2023, segmentando-o em pré-pandêmico (2018-2019), pandêmico (2020-2022) e pós-pandêmico (2023), com os dados da Receita Corrente Líquida (RCL), Gastos com Pessoal (GP) e os Percentuais de Gastos com Pessoal (PGP), avaliando os limites da LRF (Limite de Alerta, Prudencial e Máximo). Os resultados apontaram descontrole no período pré-pandêmico quanto aos limites, embora esses índices tenham reduzido de 2018 para 2019; no período pandêmico (em 2020 e 2021) os percentuais aumentaram; e, no pós-pandêmico, houve equilíbrio nos limites. Com os métodos quantitativos, concluiu-se a relação inversa entre RCL e PGP, e, ao estudar habitantes nas menores cidades, observou-se relação inversa entre as variáveis Habit x PGP e PGP x RCL.
Objektorientierte Softwareentwicklung mit Generativer KI – Experimentelle Case Study zu Prompting Strategien mit GPT-4
Authors: Paech Andreas 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Diese Studie untersucht die Anwendung und Effektivität von GPT‑4 im Bereich der objektorientierten Softwareentwicklung zur Generierung von funktionalem und qualitativ hochwertigem Code. In den experimentellen Fallstudien wurde GPT‑4 mit zunehmend komplexen Programmieraufgaben betraut. Der erste Fall, ein auf Java basierendes Studentenverwaltungssystem, demonstrierte die Fähigkeit von GPT‑4, strukturierten, funktionalen Code als Reaktion auf spezifische Prompts zu generieren. Es zeigte jedoch auch die Notwendigkeit für präzise, kontextreiche Prompts auf, um wartbare und qualitativ hochwertige Softwarelösungen zu erstellen. Im zweiten Fall, das Spiel „Snake“, produzierte GPT‑4 anfangs allgemeine Ansätze und Pseudocode und benötigte iteratives Prompting und Fehleranalyse, um ein funktionierendes Spiel zu entwickeln. Dieser Fall unterstrich die Grenzen von GPT‑4 bei der Bewältigung komplexer Programmieraufgaben ohne detaillierte Anleitung. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studien deuten darauf hin, dass GPT‑4 ein wertvolles Werkzeug in der Softwareentwicklung sein kann, wenn Prompting-Strategien mit einem tiefen Verständnis der Prinzipien der Softwareentwicklung kombiniert werden. Jedoch wird die Notwendigkeit menschlicher Expertise bei kritischen Entscheidungen und komplexen Designaufgaben hervorgehoben. Das Papier schließt mit einer Diskussion über die Integration von generativer KI in Techniken und Methoden des Software-Engineerings und die ethischen Implikationen von Verzerrungen, die in den Antworten von GPT‑4 beobachtet wurden. Diese Studie trägt zum Verständnis des Potenzials und der Grenzen generativer KI in der Softwareentwicklung bei und unterstreicht die anhaltende Notwendigkeit menschlicher Aufsicht und Expertise in diesem Bereich.
Penentuan Ukuran Mata Jaring untuk Keberlanjutan Udang Penaeus merguiensis di Perairan Papua Selatan
Authors: Melmambessy Edy H.P. , Saputra Suradi Wijaya , Hartoko Agus , Mudzakir Abdul Kohar 
Published: February 2025

Tingkat pemanfaatan (E) udang Penaeus merguiensis di perairan pantai Laut Arafura Merauke Provinsi Papua Selatan dalam kategori over-fishing (E=0,76/tahun untuk jantan dan betina E= 0,59/tahun). Mortalitas karena penangkapan (F) lebih besar dari mortalitas alami (M), menunjukan tekanan penangkapan tinggi. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis penentuan ukuran mata jaring untuk keberlanjutan penangkapan udang P. merguiensis di perairan pantai Laut Arafura Merauke Provinsi Papua Selatan. Metode survei digunakan dalam penelitian, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel: sistimatik sampling. Waktu pengumpulan data: Agustus 2022 - Juli 2023 pada tiga stasiun penelitian. Analisis data utamanya penentuan ukuran mata jaring. Ukuran mata jaring untuk keberlanjutan udang P. merguiensis di stasiun A Distrik Naukenjerai = 50,80 - 98,21 mm; stasiun B Distrik Merauke = 42,68 mm; dan stasiun C Distrik Semangga = 50,05 mm. Penentuan ukuran mata jaring ini telah mempertimbangkan ukuran pertama matang gonad udang P. merguiensis pada ketiga stasiun penelitian: A Distrik Naukenjerai = 42,20 mmCL, B Distrik Merauke = 40,20 mmCL, dan C = 42,00 mmCL. Pengaturan ini dimaksudkan agar udang yang tertangkap secara ekonomi menguntungkan, dan kelestarian sumber daya udang dapat dijaga. Hasil penelitian dapat dijadikan pertimbangan kebijakan penentuan ukuran mata jaring trammel net dan pukat tarik dalam penangkapan udang secara berkelanjutan.
Evaluasi Peran Kepemilikan Jamban dalam Kejadian Stunting: Temuan dari Kabupaten Jeneponto, Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Saleh Muh. , Yudianti Anita , Damayati Dwi Santy , Basri Syahrul , Munawir Amansyah Munawir Amanah 
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan yang signifikan di Indonesia, terutama di Kabupaten Jeneponto, Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi peran kepemilikan jamban dan factor sanitasi lainnya terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dengan sampel 348 balita usia 6-59 bulan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara langsung dan pengukuran fisik, dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: Sebagian besar balita (81,6%) mengalami stunting, dan mayoritas rumah tangga memiliki jamban sehat (94,5%). Namun, hanya 33,3% responden memiliki kebiasaan cuci tangan yang baik, dan 78,7% rumah tangga melaporkan praktik pengolahan makanan yang buruk. Tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara kepemilikan jamban dengan kejadian stunting (p=0,545). Sebaliknya, terdapat hubungan signifikan antara sumber air minum (p=0,002), kebiasaan cuci tangan (p=0,003), dan pengolahan makanan (p=0,000) dengan kejadian stunting.Simpulan: Sumber air minum, kebiasaan cuci tangan, dan pengolahan makanan adalah faktor sensitif yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting, sedangkan kepemilikan jamban tidak berpengaruh signifikan. ABSTRACT Title: Evaluation of the Role of Toilet Ownership in Stunting Events: Findings from Jeneponto Regency, South SulawesiBackground: Stunting is a significant health issue in Indonesia, particularly in Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi. This study aims to evaluate the role of latrine ownership and other sanitation factors in the prevalence of stunting among children under five.Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design with a sample of 348 toddlers aged 6-59 months. Data were collected through direct interviews and physical measurements and analyzed using the chi-square test.Results: The majority of children (81.6%) were found to be stunted, and most households had access to healthy latrines (94.5%). However, only 33.3% of respondents reported having good handwashing practices, and 78.7% of households reported poor food handling practices. There was no significant association between latrine ownership and stunting (p=0.545). Conversely, there were significant associations between drinking water sources (p=0.002), handwashing practices (p=0.003), and food handling practices (p=0.000) and stunting.Conclusion: Drinking water sources, handwashing habits, and food handling practices are sensitive factors associated with the incidence of stunting, whereas latrine ownership does not have a significant effect.