bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metrics Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps
Authors: Mas Jean-François , García-Álvarez David , Paegelow Martin , Domínguez-Vera Roberto , Castillo-Santiago Miguel Ángel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe overlaying of two map layers is a standard GIS procedure. As we saw in the previous chapter, it enables us to compute the intersection between two feature classes and cross-tabulate either the area or the pixel count of the intersecting features depending on whether raster or vector data are being used. Cross-tabulation can be used to evaluate different topics depending on the nature of the input data. In this chapter, cross-tabulation is used to assess land cover changes, the spatial agreement between maps and map accuracy. In Sect. 1, Land use/cover changes (LUCC) are quantified by comparing two LUC maps, computing different indices of change and creating a change matrix. In Sect. 2, we used various metrics to evaluate the spatial agreement between two maps. This procedure was applied to compare a LUC map with a reference map, a simulated LUC map with a reference map and a simulated LUCC map with a reference map of changes. Section 3 introduces the Kappa indices, which allow us to assess the agreement between two datasets, given the agreement expected by random coincidence. We used the indices to compare observed or simulated maps with a reference map. In Sect. 4 we evaluate the agreement between maps at a global level (the entire map) by focusing on a specific feature such as a smaller area or a particular category (stratum level). Finally, in Sect. 5, the cross-tabulation between a map and reference sample data is used to assess the thematic accuracy of the map by calculating various different accuracy indices. We present examples of analyses based on cross-tabulation for four different cases: To validate a series of maps with two or more time points, to validate a map against a reference map, to validate a simulation against a reference map and to validate simulated changes against a reference map of changes. In the example exercises, we use CORINE and SIOSE maps from the Asturias Central Area and Ariège Valley datasets and maps of the Marqués de Comillas region of south-eastern Mexico (MarquesLUC dataset). The cross-tabulation techniques proposed by Robert Gilmore Pontius Jr. are applied in Chapter “Pontius Jr. Methods Based on a Cross-Tabulation Matrix to Validate Land Use Cover Maps”.
Applications to Some Standard Special Functions
Authors: Marichal Jean-Luc , Zenaïdi Naïm 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe now apply our results to certain multiple Γ-type functions and multiple
$$\log \Gamma $$

log
Γ
-type functions that are known to be well-studied special functions, namely: the gamma function, the digamma function, the polygamma functions, the q-gamma function, the Barnes G-function, the Hurwitz zeta function and its higher order derivatives, the generalized Stieltjes constants, and the Catalan number function. For recent background on some of these functions, see, e.g., Srivastava and Choi (Zeta andq-zeta functions and associated series and integrals. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2012).
Interpretations of the Asymptotic Conditions
Authors: Marichal Jean-Luc , Zenaïdi Naïm 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we study some important properties of the sets
$$\mathcal {R}^p_{\mathrm {S}}$$

ℛ

S

p

and
$$\mathcal {D}^p_{\mathrm {S}}$$

D

S

p

and provide interpretations of the asymptotic condition that defines the set
$$\mathcal {R}^p_{\mathrm {S}}$$

ℛ

S

p

.
Multiple $$\log \Gamma $$ -Type Functions
Authors: Marichal Jean-Luc , Zenaïdi Naïm 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we introduce and investigate the map, denote it by Σ, that carries any function g lying in
$$\displaystyle \bigcup _{p\geq 0}(\mathcal {D}^p\cap \mathcal {K}^p) $$

⋃

p
≥
0

(

D

p

∩

K

p

)
into the unique solution f to the equation Δf = g that arises from the existence Theorem 10.1007/978-3-030-95088-0_3#FPar6. We call these solutions multiple
$$\log \Gamma $$

log
Γ
-type functions and we investigate certain of their properties. We also discuss the search for simple conditions on the function
$$g\colon \mathbb {R}_+\to \mathbb {R}$$

g
:

ℝ

+

→
ℝ
to ensure the existence of Σg. Further important properties of these functions, including counterparts of several classical properties of the gamma function, will be investigated in the next three chapters.
Archimedes Screw—An Alternative for Safe Migration Through Turbines?
Authors: Pauwels Ine S. , Tuhtan Jeffrey , Coeck Johan , Buysse David , Baeyens Raf 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFish passing downstream through hydraulic structures and turbines may risk dying or getting injured. Archimedes screw turbines are frequently considered more “fishfriendly” than conventional turbines. However, to date only a handful of studies assess the impact of Archimedes screws. Within the FIThydro project, we investigated injury and mortality on 2700 bream, roach and eel, including passive barotrauma sensors passing a large Archimedes hydrodynamic screw (10 m head, 22 m length) on three rotational speeds of 30, 40 and 48 Hz. The sensors measured total water pressure, linear acceleration, rotation rate, magnetic field intensity and absolute orientation. They indicated that passage is a chaotic event, and that barotrauma-related injury and mortality are indeed unlikely. Nonetheless, substantial mortality of fish was observed, specifically for bream (42%) and roach (18%) but not for eel (1%). No straightforward relation was found between rotational speeds and fish injury and mortality. The study indicates generally lower mortality and injury rates compared to conventional turbine types. However, fish can still get heavily injured or die, depending on the fish species. Therefore, we stress the need for further studies on Archimedes screws to identify the causes of the observed species-specific injury and mortality rates.
Hydropeaking Impact Assessment for Iberian Cyprinids: Hydropeaking Tool Adaptation
Authors: Godinho Francisco , Charmasson Julie , Harby Atle , Pinheiro António , Boavida Isabel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHydropeaking negatively affects fish assemblages, but knowledge gaps still constrain our ability to rank and mitigate the impacts of different hydropower operation regimes at particular power plants. This is especially relevant for species and rivers for which the effects of hydropeaking are less investigated, such as the Iberian cyprinids and Mediterranean rivers. Therefore, a recently developed hydropeaking tool to systematically assess hydropeaking impacts on salmonids has been adapted for Iberian cyprinids within the research project FIThydro. The general tool framework developed for the salmonids was kept for the cyprinids, with the combined use of factors describing the physical effects and indicators of fish vulnerability to assess hydropeaking impact. An initial set of effect and vulnerability factors was developed for Iberian cyprinids. In addition, preliminary thresholds were established for each indicator to account for different levels of impact of hydropeaking on the focus taxa. The proposed factors/indicators and thresholds were critically reviewed by experts on Iberian cyprinids ecology and Mediterranean rivers functioning, and a final set of effect and vulnerability factors was established. The final factors retained most of the ones proposed for salmon, but included new ones, particularly for vulnerability.
Attraction Flow and Migration Habitat Assessment Using an Agent-Based Model
Authors: Kopecki Ianina , Schneider Matthias , Hägele Tobias 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe findability of fishpasses is one of the keys in the design of functional migration facilities. In the pre-alpine test case HPP Altusried, an agent-based model (ABM) has been used to identify preferred migration corridors of fish approaching the downstream entrance of the installed fishway. Detections of tagged barbel and grayling derived with an acoustic telemetry system, a 2D-hydrodynamic model as well as results from fuzzy rule – based habitat suitability modeling served as basis for the development of the ABM. Predicted swimming paths show high similarities with observed tracks of single individual fish and indicate that the probability to find the fishway in a short time depends on the lateral position of fish in the river section downstream of the entrance area.
Fish Guidance Structure with Wide Bar Spacing: Mechanical Behavioural Barrier
Authors: Albayrak Ismail , Boes Robert M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter deals with the fish guidance structures (FGS) with wide bar spacing and focuses on Curved-Bar Rack-Bypass Systems (CBR-BS) (Beck 2020) for fish protection and fish guidance at water intakes. In: Boes RM (ed) VAW-Mitteilung, vol 257. VAW, ETH Zurich, Switzerland. https://vaw.ethz.ch/en/the-institute/publications/vaw-communications/2010-2019.html, Beck et al., J Hydraul Res 58:807–818, 2020a; Beck et al., J Hydraul Res 58:819–830, 2020b; Beck et al., Water 12:3244, 2020c). FGS with wider bar spacing are classified as mechanical behavioural barriers and designed for use mainly at run-of-river hydropower plants (HPPs) and water intakes with large design discharges. In the following, different types of the FGS with wide bar spacing are introduced and, fish guidance performance and design recommendations of CBR-BS are presented.
Guidelines for Application of Different Analysis Methods of Fish Passage Through Turbines—Impact Assessment of Fish Behavioural Aspects
Authors: Geiger Franz , Stoltz Ulli 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the topic of turbine passage as one aspect for downstream migration of fish at hydropower plants (HPP). To evaluate the impact of HPPs on downstream fish passage, it is important to quantify the mortality rate during turbine passage accurately. This chapter presents guidelines and recommendations using basic and more detailed methods. Furthermore, the results of their application while the FIThydro project at the Testcases of Guma, Bannwil, and Obernach, which are equipped with bulb turbines, are presented. Different methods to evaluate fish passage through turbines are discussed. These are modelling methods to assess the survival rate, sensor fish test at the Testcases to record physical data, as well as field tests at the laboratory Testcase in Obernach gaining a better understanding of the impact of fish behaviour on fish passage. The modelling methods reach from simple physical and empirical methods to determine the strike probability to enhanced methods including the physical reaction of the fish up to numerical simulations modelling the fish path and including behavioural aspects of the fish. The results of field tests at the Testcase sites help to improve and validate the methodologies and to develop guidelines for the application.
Einleitung
Authors: Heinen Andreas , Samuel Robin , Vögele Claus , Willems Helmut 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungWohlbefinden und Gesundheit im Kindheits- und Jugendalter haben in den vergangenen Jahren in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung an Bedeutung gewonnen. Im Vordergrund steht dabei vor allem die Erforschung der Bedingungsfaktoren für die Entwicklung eines „guten“ Wohlbefindens und einer „guten“ Gesundheit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen beschäftigen sich mit Fragen zu Wohlbefinden und Gesundheit von Jugendlichen aus ihrer jeweiligen Perspektive.
Gesundheit, die aus der Bewegung kommt: Wie körperlich aktiv sind Jugendliche in Luxemburg?
Authors: Bund Andreas , Eckelt Melanie , Steffgen Georges , Hutmacher Djenna 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Bedeutung ausreichender und regelmäßiger Bewegung für die Gesundheit von Jugendlichen ist weitgehend unstrittig und in vielen Studien belegt. Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) empfiehlt, dass sich Jugendliche täglich mindestens 60 min moderat bis intensiv bewegen. In den wohlhabenden Industrieländern erreicht aber nur jeder fünfte Jugendliche diese Vorgabe. Das Forschungsprojekt „Physical Activity Behaviour of Children and Youth in Luxembourg: The Role of Physical Education“ (PALUX) hat zum Ziel, die körperliche Aktivität von Jugendlichen in Luxemburg und deren Motivation zu erfassen. Dazu wird neben einem Fragebogen mit der Akzelerometrie erstmals eine objektive Messmethode eingesetzt. Die in zwei Wellen erhobenen Daten von knapp 1700 (Fragebogen) bzw. 150 (Akzelerometrie) Jugendlichen im Alter von 10 bis 20 Jahren zeigen, dass sich auch die Jugendlichen in Luxemburg zu wenig bewegen. Nur 41 % der Jungen und 12 % der Mädchen erreichen die Empfehlung der WHO. Etwa zwei Drittel der körperlichen Aktivität findet in der Freizeit der Jugendlichen statt, ein Drittel entfällt auf die Schulzeit sowie den Sportunterricht. Im Fragebogen geben fast alle Jugendlichen deutlich mehr Bewegungsaktivitäten an als mittels Akzelerometrie aufgezeichnet wird. Die Motivation zur körperlichen Aktivität wird von einem auf den anderen Kontext übertragen; die Förderung intrinsischer Motivation im Sportunterricht hat demnach auch einen positiven Effekt auf die Freizeitaktivitäten der Jugendlichen. Schule, Sportunterricht, aber auch kommunale Strukturen spielen deshalb eine zentrale Rolle, wenn es um die Förderung von Sport- und Bewegungsaktivitäten von Jugendlichen geht.
Geschlechterbezogene Rollen und Stereotype und ihre Auswirkungen auf das Leben Jugendlicher und junger Erwachsener
Authors: Hale Miriam-Linnea , Holl Elisabeth , Melzer André 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungGeschlechterstereotype werden bereits im Kindesalter vor allem durch Eltern, das soziale Umfeld und die Medien vermittelt und gelernt. Klassische Medien, wie Film und Fernsehen, haben einen großen Einfluss auf diese Entwicklung. Aktuelle Studien zeigen jedoch, dass gerade für jüngere Generationen auch neuere Medien, wie soziale Medien oder Videospiele die Einstellungen in Bezug auf das Geschlecht prägen können. Über die gesamte Lebensspanne hinweg beeinflussen diese Stereotype verschiedenste Lebensbereiche, darunter die berufliche Karriere, das Selbstbild, aber auch konkrete Verhaltensweisen. Außerdem können sozial gelernte Rollenbilder und Einstellungen das Wohlbefinden junger Menschen beeinflussen. Im folgenden Kapitel werden diese Zusammenhänge genauer betrachtet sowie eine Studie zum aktuellen Stand der geschlechterbezogenen Stereotype junger Menschen in Luxemburg vorgestellt. So zeigte sich unter anderem, dass Jugendliche sich selbst in vielen Bereichen ihres Alltags signifikant durch Stereotype beeinträchtigt sehen.
Gesundheitsförderung und Wohlbefinden in der Fremdunterbringung: eine Herausforderung auf allen Ebenen für das „Institut étatique d’aide à l’enfance et à la jeunesse“ (AITIA)
Authors: Schmit René 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungViele Kinder und Jugendliche, die in Institutionen der Fremdunterbringung leben, haben in ihrer Kindheit traumatische Erfahrungen gemacht. Sie brauchen Verlässlichkeit und Sicherheit als Voraussetzung, damit sie wieder tragfähige und stabile Beziehungen im Alltag aufbauen und dadurch Vertrauen zu sich selbst und zu anderen Menschen entwickeln können. Die gezielte Förderung von Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden und die Prävention von krankheitsfördernden Entwicklungen sind wichtige strategische Elemente im pädagogischen Gesamtkonzept der Institutionen der Fremdunterbringung. Ihre Umsetzung ist nur möglich, wenn sie gleichzeitig auf verschiedenen Ebenen geschieht. Es braucht Menschen, die den Jugendlichen mit Menschlichkeit, Verlässlichkeit und Fachlichkeit begegnen; klare und transparente Arbeitsprozesse; Strukturen, die Konzepte und Implementierung dieser Konzepte ermöglichen; Beteiligung der Jugendlichen und, wenn immer nur möglich, ihrer Familien am Geschehen und an allen für sie relevanten Entscheidungen; finanzielle, gerichtliche, politische Rahmenbedingungen, welche diesen Kriterien entsprechen.Der Beitrag zeigt auf, wie die Einrichtung „Staatlech Kannerheemer“ – „Institut étatique d’aide à l’enfance et à la jeunesse – AITIA“ (Vgl. Mémorial A-N°541 du12 août 2019: Loi du 1er août 2019 concernant l’Institut étatique d’aide à l’enfance et à la jeunesse. Vgl. auch Document Parlementaire n° 7189.), ihren entsprechenden Auftrag, welcher im Gesetz vom 1. August 2019 klar beschrieben wird, in Strukturen, Konzepten und Prozessen umsetzt. Er beschränkt sich aus diesem Grund lediglich auf einen Teil der Aufgabenbereiche des Instituts.
Current Findings and Policy Concepts Concerning School-Related Health and Well-Being in Finland – School Burnout and Engagement
Authors: Salmela-Aro Katariina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSchool burnout is a new and emerging trend that presents a risk for student learning, successful educational and occupational transitions, and overall well-being. School engagement, on the other hand, leads to positive outcomes. This paper reviews recent research conducted in Finland examining school burnout and engagement during the major educational transitions from elementary school to further educational tracks, and from high school and beyond. Of special interest are the different pathways and profiles of school burnout, and the role of various personal and contextual antecedents in both burnout and engagement The studies reviewed here show that, during these major educational transitions, the school-burnout continuum is often associated with indicators of ill-being (e.g., depressive symptoms), and negatively associated with wellbeing (e.g., life satisfaction). The conclusion drawn from the evidence is that school burnout may be detrimental to the development of adolescents in multiple ways, and it could impair their future career development.
An efficient Lorentz equivariant graph neural network for jet tagging
Authors: Gong Shiqi , Meng Qi , Zhang Jue , Qu Huilin , Li Congqiao , Qian Sitian , Du Weitao , Ma Zhi-Ming , Liu Tie-Yan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Deep learning methods have been increasingly adopted to study jets in particle physics. Since symmetry-preserving behavior has been shown to be an important factor for improving the performance of deep learning in many applications, Lorentz group equivariance — a fundamental spacetime symmetry for elementary particles — has recently been incorporated into a deep learning model for jet tagging. However, the design is computationally costly due to the analytic construction of high-order tensors. In this article, we introduce LorentzNet, a new symmetry-preserving deep learning model for jet tagging. The message passing of LorentzNet relies on an efficient Minkowski dot product attention. Experiments on two representative jet tagging benchmarks show that LorentzNet achieves the best tagging performance and improves significantly over existing state-of-the-art algorithms. The preservation of Lorentz symmetry also greatly improves the efficiency and generalization power of the model, allowing LorentzNet to reach highly competitive performance when trained on only a few thousand jets.
Kink form factors
Authors: Evslin Jarah 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We use a recently constructed linearized soliton sector perturbation theory to calculate the form factors relevant to the elastic scattering of ultrarelativistic mesons off of nonrelativistic kinks. Both localized kink wave packets and also delocalized momentum eigenstate kinks are considered. In the delocalized case, the leading term is just the classical kink solution, as was found by Goldstone and Jackiw. The leading delocalized quantum correction agrees with that found by Gervais, Jevicki and Sakita in the ϕ4 model and Weisz in the Sine-Gordon model. In the case of localized kink wave packets, some corrections are found which scale with the wave packet width, and so will be relevant for the coherent scattering of mesons off of kink wave packets.
Malignant obstruction of the inferior vena cava: clinical experience with the self-expanding Sinus-XL stent system
Authors: Augustin Anne Marie , Lucius Leonie Johanna , Thurner Annette , Kickuth Ralph 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the technical and clinical outcome of Sinus-XL stent placement in patients with malignant obstruction syndrome of the inferior vena cava.MethodsBetween October 2010 and January 2021, 21 patients with different malignant primary disease causing inferior vena cava obstruction were treated with Sinus-XL stent implantation. Procedural data, technical and clinical outcome parameters were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsTechnical success was 100%. Analysis of available manometry data revealed a significant reduction of the mean translesional pressure gradient following the procedure (p = 0.008). Reintervention rate was 4.8% (1/21). The available follow-up imaging studies showed primary and primary-assisted stent patency rates of 93% (13/14) and 100% (14/14), respectively. Major complications did not occur. The clinical success regarding lower extremity edema was 82.4% (14/17) for the first and 85.7% (18/21) for the last follow-up. Longer lengths of IVC obstruction were associated with reduced clinical improvement after the procedure (p = 0.025). Improvement of intraprocedural manometry results and lower extremity edema revealed only minor correlation. Ascites and anasarca were not significantly positively affected by the procedure.ConclusionSinus-XL stent placement in patients with malignant inferior vena cava obstruction showed high technical success and low complication rates. Regarding the clinical outcome, significant symptom improvement could be achieved in lower extremity edema, whereas ascites and anasarca lacked satisfying symptom relief. Based on our results, this procedure should be considered as a suitable therapy in a palliative care setting for patients with advanced malignant disease.
Foot-related/walking macro-affordances are implicitly activated and preferentially guided by the framing distance of the environmental layout
Authors: Tosoni Annalisa , Altomare Emanuele Cosimo , Perrucci Mauro Gianni , Committeri Giorgia , Di Matteo Rosalia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAs classically captured in the notion of affordance, the natural environment presents animals with multiple opportunities for action and locomotion appears as the privileged form of action to cover distance in the extrapersonal space/environment. We have recently described a facilitation effect, known as “macro-affordance”, for the execution of walking-related actions in response to distant vs. near objects/locations in the extrapersonal space. However, since the manipulation of distance was coextensive to landmark-objects contained in the environment and to the environmental layout per se, the relative contribution of these two factors remains undetermined. In addition, since the effect was originally described in the context of an incidental priming paradigm, it is still unknown whether it was specifically associated with an implicit coding of environmental distance. Here, across three experiments, we examined the degree to which the “macro-affordance” effect reflects (i) the encoding of environmental vs. landmark-objects’ distance, (ii) the involvement of an implicit vs. controlled system, (iii) a foot-effector specificity. The results showed that the “macro-affordance” effect is more efficiently triggered by the framing distance of the environmental layout (far/wide/panoramic vs. near/close/restricted) rather than of isolated landmark-objects in the environment and that it only emerges when the distance dimension is implicitly processed within the incidental priming paradigm. The results additionally suggested a specificity of the effect for foot- vs. hand-related actions. The present findings suggest that macro-affordances reflect an implicit coding of spatial features of the environmental layout and viewer–environment relationships that preferentially guide a walking-related exploration of the spatial environment.