bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of nonlinear spatial distribution of stress and strain on solving problems of solid mechanics
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Wang Biao 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe stress and the strain should be defined as statistical variables averaged over the representative volume elements for any real continuum system. It is shown that their nonlinear spatial distributions undermine the classical framework of solid mechanics and may cause non-ignorable errors to the solutions. With considering the high-order gradients of the stress and the strain, a two-step solution scheme is proposed to compensate for the influence. Through a revisit to three simple but typical problems, i.e., the hole size-dependence of the fracture strength of perforated plates, the indentation depth-dependence of the measured elastic modulus by micro-indentation tests, and the tensile necking of metallic materials as well as hyperelastic materials, the effect of the nonlinear spatial distribution of stress and strain on solving these problems is illustrated. The observed size effect and the instability of deformation can be quantitatively explained if the effect is properly considered by the proposed method.
Effects of an attached functionally graded layer on the electromechanical behaviors of piezoelectric semiconductor fibers
Authors: Fang Kai , Li Nian , Li Peng , Qian Zhenghua , Kolesov V. , Kuznetsova I. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a specific two-layer model consisting of a functionally graded (FG) layer and a piezoelectric semiconductor (PS) layer. Based on the macroscopic theory of PS materials, the effects brought about by the attached FG layer on the piezotronic behaviors of homogeneous n-type PS fibers and PN junctions are investigated. The semi-analytical solutions of the electromechanical fields are obtained by expanding the displacement and carrier concentration variation into power series. Results show that the antisymmetry of the potential and electron concentration distributions in homogeneous n-type PS fibers is destroyed due to the material inhomogeneity of the attached FG layer. In addition, by creating jump discontinuities in the material properties of the FG layer, potential barriers/wells can be produced in the middle of the fiber. Similarly, the potential barrier configuration near the interface of a homogeneous PS PN junction can also be manipulated in this way, which offers a new choice for the design of PN junction based devices.
Advancing quality and health management practices in extensive shrimp (Penaeus monodon) farming in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam S. M. Nazmul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study used a random selection of 150 extensive shrimp farms in three areas in Bangladesh (Paikgacha, Dacope, and Chokoria) and questionnaires to examine the quality, hygiene, and sanitation practices that farmers used to satisfy national and international concerns. The majority (95.67%) of farmers in all three sites did not examine the quality of the hatchery-bred post larvae (PL) and felt that the hatchery used chemicals or antibiotics in producing PL and supplied under-aged PL (below PL15), resulting in significant mortality when released onto the farms. The majority of farmers (83.3%) performed a visual inspection, examining shrimp size, weight, and disease symptoms before harvesting. Farmers in Chokoria were better aware of the need of inspecting quality features (growth, disease, weight, and shell) before harvesting than farmers in Dacope and Paikgacha. Farmers frequently neglected the icing of caught shrimp at the request of the buyer. To reduce losses, they took action when collected shrimp exhibited indicators of low quality, such as the presence of spots (43.3%), fragile shells (37.3%), and accidental debris (88.7%). Shrimp producers also enhanced their quality standards by using 100% plastic crates to transport shrimp and by improving working surfaces (92%) to wash, sort, and sell the collected shrimp, and building sanitary restrooms (100%) at a safe distance from the farms. Farmers believed that new laws had forced them to enhance safety, hygiene, and sanitation standards in order to decrease the poor quality image of Bangladesh shrimp held by international buyers, despite higher operating expenses and lower profitability.
An approach to assess and adjust for the influence of multicollinear covariates on metabolomics association patterns—applied to a study of the associations between a comprehensive lipoprotein profile and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
Authors: Kvalheim Olav M. , Rajalahti Tarja , Aadland Eivind 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Comprehensive lipoprotein profiling using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of serum represents an alternative to the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Both adiposity and physical (in)activity associate to insulin resistance, but quantification of the influence of these two lifestyle related factors on the association pattern of HOMA-IR to lipoproteins suffers from lack of appropriate methods to handle multicollinear covariates.

Objectives
We aimed at (i) developing an approach for assessment and adjustment of the influence of multicollinear and even linear dependent covariates on regression models, and (ii) to use this approach to examine the influence of adiposity and physical activity on the association pattern between HOMA-IR and the lipoprotein profile.

Methods
For 841 children, lipoprotein profiles were obtained from serum proton NMR and physical activity (PA) intensity profiles from accelerometry. Adiposity was measured as body mass index, the ratio of waist circumference to height, and skinfold thickness. Target projections were used to assess and isolate the influence of adiposity and PA on the association pattern of HOMA-IR to the lipoproteins.

Results
Adiposity explained just over 50% of the association pattern of HOMA-IR to the lipoproteins with strongest influence on high-density lipoprotein features. The influence of PA was mainly attributed to a strong inverse association between adiposity and moderate and high-intensity physical activity.

Conclusion
The presented covariate projection approach to obtain net association patterns, made it possible to quantify and interpret the influence of adiposity and physical (in)activity on the association pattern of HOMA-IR to the lipoprotein features.
Diet quality, sleep and quality of life in Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dunk Danielle , Mulryan Philip , Affonso Sean , O’Keeffe Gerard W. , O’Keeffe Majella , Sullivan Aideen M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by motor and non-motor symptoms that impact quality of daily life, including diet and sleep. However, relatively little is known about dietary intake and quality in people with PD (PwP). Lifestyle factors, and how they relate to diet, are also insufficiently understood.
The aims of this study were to investigate dietary intake and quality, sleep and quality of life in PwP, and to explore the relationships between these factors.

Methods
Forty-five community-dwelling participants with PD (n = 45) were recruited to this cross-sectional study through the Cork Parkinson’s Association, Ireland. Dietary intake was assessed using the EPIC food frequency questionnaire, and diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Diet Indicator. Dietary intakes were compared to Irish RDAs for adults > 65 years. Sleep duration and quality were subjectively measured using the PD Sleep Scale and Pittsburgh sleep quality index and objectively measured by actigraphy in a subset of participants (n = 27). QOL was measured using the validated PDQ-39 questionnaire.

Results
Energy intake in PwP was significantly higher than that of the general population (2013 vs 1755 kcal/d, p = 0.01), despite their lower mean BMI (25.9 vs 27.7 kg/m2, p = 0.02). Intakes of carbohydrate, protein and fruits and vegetables were significantly higher in PwP compared to recommended and population intakes (all p < 0.01), but fibre intake was significantly lower than recommended (17.3 vs 25 g/d, p$$\le$$
≤
0.05). Seventy-eight percent of participants had poor dietary quality, and poor sleep quality was associated with poor QOL.

Conclusions
Carbohydrates, protein, fruit and vegetable intakes were greater in PwP than population norms, but overall diet quality was low. Interventions to improve dietary and lifestyle factors may improve health and QOL in PwP.
Approximation Approach to the Fractional BVP with the Dirichlet Type Boundary Conditions
Authors: Marynets Kateryna , Pantova Dona 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe use a numerical-analytic technique to construct a sequence of successive approximations to the solution of a system of fractional differential equations, subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions. We prove the uniform convergence of the sequence of approximations to a limit function, which is the unique solution to the boundary value problem under consideration, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions. The obtained theoretical results are confirmed by a model example.
Novel benzylidene benzofuranone analogues as potential anticancer agents: design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation based on CDK2 inhibition assays
Authors: Pai Aravinda , B.S. Jayashree 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe classical anticancer agents do not have their efficacy on inhibiting the G2 phase of the cell cycle. There are a very few reports available on drugs that work at G2 phase. Flavopiridol is one such drug candidate. In the current study, we sought to make analogues of flavopiridol. Still, the conditions used during their synthesis were unfavourable for the formation of flavopiridol and led to the generation of benzofuranones. In the present work, a new series of benzylidene benzofuranones were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidant, anti-colorectal cancer activity. Molecular docking, MMGBSA and molecular dynamics studies were conducted to assess their binding affinity at the active site of CDK2. Based on the cytotoxicity exhibited by test compounds, the compound NISOA4 (from isopropyl series) was further selected for mechanistic anticancer studies on HCT 116 cell lines. The compound selected was evaluated by comet assay, DNA fragmentation assay, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis detection by annexin FITC, semi-quantitative RTPCR based gene expression studies and FRET assay on the target CDK2/Cyclin A. Compound NISOA4 exhibited marked olive moments in comet assay studies. The apoptotic DNA fragmentation for compound NISOA4 demonstrated a marked change in the DNA fragmentation. The compound exhibited cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase at both the test concentrations. Apoptosis induction was observed at both the test concentrations and the compound was found to be a potent proapoptotic agent. It exhibited marked inhibition for the CDK2 gene expression and did not show any effect on CyclinA gene expression. However, the compound NISOA4 along with other analogues showed appreciable inhibition for the CDK2/Cyclin A target enzyme.
Climate change in the Catalan Pyrenees intersects with socioeconomic factors to shape crop diversity and management
Authors: Blanch-Ramirez Joana , Calvet-Mir Laura , Aceituno-Mata Laura , Benyei Petra 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMost studies on climate change’s impacts on agriculture focus on modeling techniques based on large-scale meteorological data, while few have investigated how farmer’s perception of climate change’s impacts can affect crop diversity and crop management practices, especially in industrialized contexts. To fill this gap, we conducted 24 semi-structured interviews in a study site located in the Catalan Pyrenees. Our results show for the first time in an industrialized context that farmers perceive multiple interrelated climate change impacts on local agroecosystems. For instance, snowfall and freeze events have decreased, which respondents associated with the increase of pests and diseases affecting both wild flora and cultivated plants. Similarly, changes in precipitation patterns lead to a perceived decrease in useful rain for agriculture. Farmers are also reporting changes in their management practices, such as increased irrigation or use of pesticides, which respond to these climatic factors but also to changes in the crops that are cultivated. Crop diversity is in decline in the area both at the species and landrace levels, especially in rainfed fields. This is mainly driven by socioeconomic factors such as agricultural abandonment or access to commercial seeds, although climate change factors such as increased pests or decreased rainfall can have an impact. Despite the crop diversity losses found, many landraces have been maintained, mainly due to their cultural value, and also new crop species have been introduced, which are now viable due to the increase in temperature. Although we focused on a specific case study, we found several trends that are also present in other contexts. Therefore, the results of this research are relevant at a global scale since they show that climate change is affecting mountain agroecosystems in industrialized contexts and may affect more drastically both agrobiodiversity and crop management practices in agroecosystems worldwide.
Is it the Sermon or the Choir? Pastoral Support, Congregant Support, and Worshiper Mental Health
Authors: Acevedo Gabriel A. , DeAngelis Reed T. , Farrell Jordan , Vaidyanathan Brandon 
Published: September 2022

Background Although religious involvement tends to be associated with improved mental health, additional work is needed to identify the specific aspects of religious practice that are associated with positive mental health outcomes. Our study advances the literature by investigating how two unique forms of religious social support are associated with mental health. Purpose We explore whether support received in religious settings from fellow congregants or religious leaders is associated with participants’ mental health. We address questions that are not only of interest to religion scholars, but that may also inform religious leaders and others whose work involves understanding connections between religious factors and psychological outcomes within religious communities. Methods We test several hypotheses using original data from the “Mental Health in Congregations Study (2017–2019)”, a survey of Christian and Jewish congregants from South Texas and the Washington DC area (N = 1882). Surveys were collected using both paper and online surveys and included an extensive battery of religious and mental health measures. Results Congregant support has more robust direct associations with mental health outcomes than faith leader support. Increased congregant support is significantly associated (p < 0.001) with fewer symptoms of psychological distress (β = − 0.168), anxiety (β = − 0.159), and anger (β = − 0.190), as well as greater life satisfaction (β = 0.269) and optimism (β = 0.283). However, faith leader support moderates these associations such that congregant support is associated with better mental health only in cases where faith leader support is also high. When leader support is low, congregant support and mental health are not associated. Conclusions and Implications At the conceptual level, our study adds to an extensive literature on the relationship between religious social support and mental health. Additionally, our work may provide important insights to religious leadership in terms of communications strategies, services, and resources that might enhance overall congregant mental health and well-being.
Can Multi-Label Classifiers Help Identify Subjectivity? A Deep Learning Approach to Classifying Cognitive Presence in MOOCs
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Donald Claire , Giacaman Nasser 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates using multi-label deep learning approach to extending the understanding of cognitive presence in MOOC discussions. Previous studies demonstrate the challenges of subjectivity in manual categorisation methods. Training automatic single-label classifiers may preserve this subjectivity. Using a triangulation approach, we developed a multi-label, fine-tuning BERT classifier to analyse cognitive presence to enrich results with state-of-the-art, single-label classifiers. We trained the multi-label classifiers on the MOOC discussion messages that were categorised into the same phase of cognitive presence by the expert coders, and tested the best-performing classifiers on the messages that the coders categorised into different phases. The results suggest that multi-label classifiers slightly outperformed the single-label classifiers, and the multi-label classifiers predicted the discussion messages as either one category or two adjacent categories of cognitive presence. No messages were tagged as non-adjacent categories by the multi-label classifier. This is an improvement compared to manual categorisation by our expert coders, who obtained non-adjacent categories and even three categories of cognitive presence in one message. In addition to the fully correct prediction, parts of messages were partially correctly predicted by the multi-label classifier. We report an in-depth quantitative and qualitative analysis of these messages in the paper. The automatic categorisation results suggest that the multi-label classifiers have the potential to help educators and researchers identify research subjectivity and tolerate the multiplicity in cognitive presence categorisation. This study contributes to extending the literature on understanding cognitive presence in MOOC discussions.
Expert consensus on prophylactic treatment of hereditary angioedema
Authors: Greve Jens , Kinaciyan Tamar , Maurer Marcus , Dillenburger Barbara , Recke Andreas , Schöffl Clemens 
Published: September 2022

SummaryHereditary angioedema (HAE) is a chronic, genetic condition which severely impacts those afflicted with intermittent recurrent vascular edema in mucosal and submucosal tissue or in the dermis and subcutis. These swellings adversely impact the wellbeing of patients, both physically and emotionally. Depending on the location, patients present to doctors in a range of disciplines, and not infrequently misdiagnoses occur, such as appendicitis or an allergy, with subsequent incorrect treatment. An HAE attack can also be life-threatening if larynx is affected. However, medications for treating the more common mast cell-induced angioedema are not effective in HAE. Correct diagnosis of the condition, which often first appears in childhood or adolescence, is therefore essential for effective treatment. De novo mutations where the family history is negative are particularly challenging here. However, a range of new treatment options can help HAE patients by preventing attacks and alleviating the burden of the disease. In this review, we summarize the symptoms experienced by patients with HAE as a result of their condition, but also as a result of misdiagnoses and incorrect treatments, as well as the role of preventive treatment (long-term prophylaxis) in improving the quality of life of those affected and their families. In addition, we provide specific information about how HAE can be detected at an early stage in order to be able to refer patients to experts as soon as possible. With reference to the recommendations of the updated WAO/EAACI guidelines (2022), we argue for a stronger role for long-term prophylaxis and the promotion of modern, patient-centered management of HAE using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to manage quality of life and the burden of the disease.
Greatest common divisors of shifted primes and Fibonacci numbers
Authors: Jha Abhishek , Sanna Carlo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLet$$(F_n)$$(Fn)be the sequence of Fibonacci numbers and, for each positive integerk, let$${\mathcal {P}}_k$$Pkbe the set of primespsuch that$$\gcd (p - 1, F_{p - 1}) = k$$gcd(p-1,Fp-1)=k. We prove that the relative density$$\varvec{r}({\mathcal {P}}_k)$$r(Pk)of$${\mathcal {P}}_k$$Pkexists, and we give a formula for$$\varvec{r}({\mathcal {P}}_k)$$r(Pk)in terms of an absolutely convergent series. Furthermore, we give an effective criterion to establish if a givenksatisfies$$\varvec{r}({\mathcal {P}}_k) > 0$$r(Pk)>0, and we provide upper and lower bounds for the counting function of the set of suchk’s. As an application of our results, we give a new proof of a lower bound for the counting function of the set of integers of the form$$\gcd (n, F_n)$$gcd(n,Fn), for some positive integern. Our proof is more elementary than the previous one given by Leonetti and Sanna, which relies on a result of Cubre and Rouse.
Fundamentalism and rigorism in Orthodox Christianity: the case of contemporary Russia
Authors: Koellner Tobias 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSince the last socialist years and especially the end of the Soviet Union, the importance of Orthodox Christianity has greatly increased in contemporary Russia. Religion is once again an integral part of public life, plays a major role for identity issues and is entangled with the political sphere in a variety of ways. In addition, it is important to underline that within Orthodox Christianity the fundamentalist circles are gaining ground and have a growing influence on society as a whole. Here a specific feature of Orthodox Christianity is visible, which emphasizes continuity with the early Christian Church. This is a very orthodox content of fundamentalism which is called rigorism and indicates that Orthodox Christianity perceives itself as the only legitimate heir of the Apostolic Church. For this reason, special emphasis is laid on preserving this tradition. Specifically, this is illustrated in this article, which is based on two ethnographic field studies in the Russian Federation, by describing the conflict of a company with a monastery and by referring to so-called “traditional moral values” and their relation to family issues. Traditional moral values are becoming increasingly important in the area of the family. Although there are convergences with other conservative religious communities outside the Russian Federation, joint efforts remained problematic and are rejected until today, especially by fundamentalist groups within the Russian Orthodox Church. As a result, a number of goals and aims could not be implemented despite ideological convergences and the rejection of the dominant liberal model.