bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Privilege and hindrance on the USA earnings distribution by gender and race/ethnicity: an intersectional framework with 12 groups
Authors: Alonso-Villar Olga , del Río Coral 
Published: November 2022

PurposeThis paper explores the wages of White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native American and “other race” women and men once differences in basic characteristics among these 12 groups are accounted for. The authors aim to extend comparisons beyond those of women and men of the same race or the various races within a given gender.Design/methodology/approachTo undertake the conditional analysis, first, the authors propose a simple re-weighing scheme that allows to build a counterfactual economy in which workers' attributes for all gender–race/ethnicity groups are the same. Second, the authors use a well-known re-weighting scheme that involves logit estimations.FindingsOnly Hispanic men, Native American men and Asian women have conditional wages around average. Black men and, especially, White, Black, Hispanic, Native American and “other race” women have conditional wages clearly below average, whereas those of Asian and White men are well above average. The wage differential between a privileged and a deprived group is disentangled into the premium of the former and the penalty of the latter, which brings a new perspective to what has been done in the literature based on pairwise comparisons. In this intersectional framework, the authors document that gender penalizes more than race.Originality/valueThis paper examines intergroup earnings differentials using a methodology that allows to examine 12 gender–race/ethnicity groups jointly, which is this work's distinctive feature. The authors' intersectional framework allows to picture the effect of gender and race/ethnicity more broadly than what the literature has shown thus far.
Does asset specificity lead to value expropriation or value creation? An Institutional View
Authors: Zhang Qiyuan , Wang Mengyang , Zhao Ziyu 
Published: November 2022

PurposeAsset specificity is a focal feature of buyer–supplier exchanges; however, whether unilateral asset specificity encourages opportunistic value expropriation or promotes trust-based value creation remains controversial. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how institutional forces shape the controversial roles of buyer asset specificity in supply chain relationships.Design/methodology/approachWith a survey of 217 matched manufacturer–supplier dyads in China, the study adopts ordinary least squares regression analyses to test hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that two key institutional forces, guanxi importance and government intervention, play different roles in shaping the value expropriation and value creation roles of buyer asset specificity. As an informal institutional force, guanxi importance weakens the impact of buyer asset specificity on opportunistic value expropriation and facilitates trust-based value creation. Moreover, as a formal institutional force, government intervention amplifies the effect of buyer asset specificity on opportunism but strengthens its connection with trust.Originality/valueBy incorporating an institutional view to investigate how institutional forces affect this “valuable but vulnerable” dilemma of asset specificity, this study reconciles the controversy concerning value expropriation vs value creation and enriches understanding of the critical roles of institutional parameters in supply chain management.
Education of children with chronic illnesses: A phenomenological perspective
Authors: Asgari Zahra , Heidari Mohammad Hossein , Barkhordari Ramazan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Recent research shows that 20% of children face a form of chronic illness during childhood. The illness and its associated physical and mental challenges can affect such children's ‘being’ and influence how they develop as people. A significant aspect of a child's life that can be profoundly influenced by a chronic illness is education. This study employed a phenomenological approach to shed more light on the special education of such children. Temporality and embodiment were examined as two philosophical bases in the phenomenological education of children with such chronic illnesses. Also, this educational model highlights that phenomenological understanding, and the healing connection in education, can increase the affected children's positive self-concept, directing them towards a satisfying and happy life.
Female control of sperm ejection and retention in the cornsilk fly Euxesta eluta (Diptera: Ulidiidae)
Authors: Abraham Solana , Moyano Andrea , Díaz Viviana , Murúa M. Gabriela , Rull Juan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPromiscuous mating systems provide the opportunity for females to bias fertilization toward particular males. However, distinguishing between male sperm competition and active female sperm choice is difficult for species with internal fertilization. Nevertheless, species that store and use sperm of different males in different storing structures and species where females are able to expel all or part of the ejaculates after copulation may be able to bias fertilization. We report a series of experiments aimed at providing evidence of female sperm choice in Euxesta eluta (Hendel), a species of ulidiid fly that expels and consumes ejaculates after copulation. We found no evidence of greater reproductive success for females mated singly, multiply with the same male, or mated multiply with different males. Female E. eluta possesses two spherical spermathecae and a bursa copulatrix for sperm storage, with a ventral receptacle. There was no significant difference in storing more sperm in spermathecae 24 h after copulation than immediately after copulation. Females mated with protein‐fed males had greater reproductive success than similar females mated to protein‐deprived males. Protein‐fed females prevented to consume the ejaculate, retained more sperm when mated to protein‐fed males than when mated to protein‐deprived males. Our results suggest that female E. eluta can exert control of sperm retention of higher quality males through ejaculate ejection.
Identifying Alert Concentrations Using a Model-Based Bootstrap Approach
Authors: Möllenhoff Kathrin , Schorning Kirsten , Kappenberg Franziska 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe determination of alert concentrations, where a pre-specified threshold of the response variable is exceeded, is an important goal of concentration–response studies. The traditional approach is based on investigating the measured concentrations and attaining statistical significance of the alert concentration by using a multiple t-test procedure. In this paper, we propose a new model-based method to identify alert concentrations, based on fitting a concentration–response curve and constructing a simultaneous confidence band for the difference of the response of a concentration compared to the control. In order to obtain these confidence bands, we use a bootstrap approach which can be applied to any functional form of the concentration–response curve. This particularly offers the possibility to investigate also those situations where the concentration–response relationship is not monotone and, moreover, to detect alerts at concentrations which were not measured during the study, providing a highly flexible framework for the problem at hand.
Cardiorenal outcomes by indices of liver steatosis and fibrosis in individuals with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Analyses from VERTIS CV, a randomized trial of the sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor ertugliflozin
Authors: Corbin Karen D. , Dagogo‐Jack Samuel , Cannon Christopher P. , Cherney David Z.I. , Cosentino Francesco , Frederich Robert , Liu Jie , Pong Annpey , Lin Jianxin , Cater Nilo B. , Pratley Richard E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo conduct a post hoc analysis to explore indices of hepatic steatosis/fibrosis and cardiorenal outcomes in the VERTIS CV study.Materials and MethodsPatients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease were randomized to ertugliflozin or placebo. Liver steatosis and fibrosis were assessed post hoc using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4) index to explore associations with cardiorenal outcomes (ertugliflozin and placebo data pooled, intention‐to‐treat analysis set). Cardiorenal outcomes (major adverse CV events [MACE]; hospitalization for heart failure [HHF]/CV death; CV death; HHF; and a composite kidney outcome) were stratified by baseline HSI and FIB‐4 quartiles (Q1‐Q4). Change in liver indices and enzymes over time were assessed (for ertugliflozin vs. placebo).ResultsAmongst 8246 participants, the mean age was 64.4 years, body mass index 32.0 kg/m2, HSI 44.0 and FIB‐4 score 1.34. The hazard ratios (HRs) for MACE, HHF/CV death, CV death, and HHF by FIB‐4 score quartile (Q4 vs. Q1) were 1.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25, 1.76), 2.0 (95% CI 1.63, 2.51), 1.85 (95% CI 1.45, 2.36), and 2.94 (95% CI 1.98, 4.37), respectively (P < 0.0001 for all). With HSI, the incidence of HHF was higher in Q4 versus Q1 (HR 1.52 [95% CI 1.07, 2.17]; P < 0.05). The kidney composite outcome did not differ across FIB‐4 or HSI quartiles. Liver enzymes and HSI decreased over time with ertugliflozin.ConclusionIn VERTIS CV, higher FIB‐4 score was associated with CV events. HSI correlated with HHF. Neither measure was associated with the composite kidney outcome. Ertugliflozin was associated with a reduction in liver enzymes and HSI.
Naphazoline and oxymetazoline are superior to epinephrine in enhancing the cutaneous analgesia of lidocaine in rats
Authors: Chou An‐Kuo , Chiu Chong‐Chi , Zhu Guan‐Cheng , Wang Jhi‐Joung , Chen Yu‐Wen , Hung Ching‐Hsia 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study observed the cutaneous analgesic effect of adrenergic agonists when combined with lidocaine. We aimed at the usefulness of four adrenergic agonists and epinephrine as analgesics or as tools to prolong the effect of local anesthetics using a model of cutaneous trunci muscle reflex (pinprick pain) in rats. We showed that subcutaneous four adrenergic agonists and epinephrine, as well as the local anesthetic bupivacaine and lidocaine, developed a concentration‐dependent cutaneous analgesia. The rank order of the efficacy of different compounds (ED50; median effective dose) was epinephrine [0.013 (0.012–0.014) μmol] > oxymetazoline [0.25 (0.22–0.28) μmol] > naphazoline [0.42 (0.34–0.53) μmol] = bupivacaine [0.43 (0.37–0.50) μmol] > xylometazoline [1.34 (1.25–1.45) μmol] > lidocaine [5.86 (5.11–6.72) μmol] > tetrahydrozoline [6.76 (6.21–7.36) μmol]. The duration of full recovery caused by tetrahydrozoline, oxymetazoline, or xylometazoline was greater (P < 0.01) than that induced via epinephrine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, or naphazoline at equianesthetic doses (ED25, ED50, and ED75). Co‐administration of lidocaine (ED50) with four adrenergic agonists or epinephrine enhanced the cutaneous analgesic effect. We observed that four adrenergic agonists and epinephrine induce analgesia by themselves, and such an effect has a longer duration than local anesthetics. Co‐administration of lidocaine with the adrenergic agonist enhances the analgesic effect, and the cutaneous analgesic effect of lidocaine plus naphazoline (or oxymetazoline) is greater than that of lidocaine plus epinephrine.
Applying landscape metrics to species distribution model predictions to characterize internal range structure and associated changes
Authors: Curd Amelia , Chevalier Mathieu , Vasquez Mickaël , Boyé Aurélien , Firth Louise B. , Marzloff Martin P. , Bricheno Lucy M. , Burrows Michael T. , Bush Laura E. , Cordier Céline , Davies Andrew J. , Green J. A. Mattias , Hawkins Stephen J. , Lima Fernando P. , Meneghesso Claudia , Mieszkowska Nova , Seabra Rui , Dubois Stanislas F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDistributional shifts in species ranges provide critical evidence of ecological responses to climate change. Assessments of climate‐driven changes typically focus on broad‐scale range shifts (e.g. poleward or upward), with ecological consequences at regional and local scales commonly overlooked. While these changes are informative for species presenting continuous geographic ranges, many species have discontinuous distributions—both natural (e.g. mountain or coastal species) or human‐induced (e.g. species inhabiting fragmented landscapes)—where within‐range changes can be significant. Here, we use an ecosystem engineer species (Sabellaria alveolata) with a naturally fragmented distribution as a case study to assess climate‐driven changes in within‐range occupancy across its entire global distribution. To this end, we applied landscape ecology metrics to outputs from species distribution modelling (SDM) in a novel unified framework. SDM predicted a 27.5% overall increase in the area of potentially suitable habitat under RCP 4.5 by 2050, which taken in isolation would have led to the classification of the species as a climate change winner. SDM further revealed that the latitudinal range is predicted to shrink because of decreased habitat suitability in the equatorward part of the range, not compensated by a poleward expansion. The use of landscape ecology metrics provided additional insights by identifying regions that are predicted to become increasingly fragmented in the future, potentially increasing extirpation risk by jeopardising metapopulation dynamics. This increased range fragmentation could have dramatic consequences for ecosystem structure and functioning. Importantly, the proposed framework—which brings together SDM and landscape metrics—can be widely used to study currently overlooked climate‐driven changes in species internal range structure, without requiring detailed empirical knowledge of the modelled species. This approach represents an important advancement beyond predictive envelope approaches and could reveal itself as paramount for managers whose spatial scale of action usually ranges from local to regional.
Is insufficient sleep duration a risk indicator for periodontal disease? A systematic review
Authors: Wu Chuanbin , Li Weiqi , Cen Dongdong , Zhou Qing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess whether people who achieved <7 h of sleep were more likely to develop periodontal disease (PD).SourcesWe executed electronic searches in the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library, as well as a manual search of articles published by leading journals in related fields, for observational studies, published in English from 1 January 1966 to 31 March 2021.which evaluated the relationship between sleep duration and PD. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) quality evaluation scale was used for the cross‐sectional studies, and the random effects model was used to summarize the effect sizes in the included studies with a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsA total of six cross‐sectional studies met the inclusion criteria, totaling 107,777 participants, of which 69,773 had PD. The results of the present indicated that shorter sleep duration (<7 h) is significantly associated with PD (Odd ratio [OR], 1.19; 95% CI, 1.16–1.23;p < 0.001;I2, 0.0%,I2interval, 0%–75%). The strength of the sensitivity analysis and cumulative meta‐analysis confirmed the reliability of the results.ConclusionAlthough the inclusion of only six studies makes it difficult to explore whether there is a publication bias, we found that insufficient sleep duration was closely related to PD, and we therefore speculated that getting enough sleep may help prevent PD.
Damage and failure mechanism of sapphire under ballistic loading based on a modified bond‐based peridynamic model
Authors: Huang Junwei , Zhang Xiaoqing , Long Shuchang , Yao Xiaohu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo investigate the dynamic mechanical behaviors of c‐plane and a‐plane sapphire, a novel anisotropic constitutive model and fracture criterion are constructed on the basis of bond‐based peridynamics (BB‐PD) theory. And the concept of strain is introduced in the framework of BB‐PD. After that, the simulations of a‐ and c‐planes of sapphire under spherical and cylindrical impact are conducted. In addition to capturing the distribution of strain and damage, the histories of various fracture types such as the primary fracture front and cracks are monitored for quantitative analysis. The numerical predictions are shown to agree well with previous experimental results, and further reveal the damage and failure mechanisms of sapphire. The different forms of contact between the projectile and the target strongly influence the stress waves generated and energy transferred ultimately affecting the damage development process. The crystal orientation dominates the appearance of anisotropic crack modes. Crack bending and deflection, as well as spalling‐like fracture, are associated with wave reflection and intersection. Moreover, an in‐depth examination of the observed wave splitting phenomenon is performed.
Preconditions that facilitate cannulation in arteriovenous fistula: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Staaf Karin , Fernström Anders , Uhlin Fredrik 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundNurses have a great responsibility in the daily care of arteriovenous fistulae, which entails the potential to affect patency. However, good cannulation technique involves more than placing a needle in the vessel and relies on different skills to facilitate needling.ObjectivesTo describe the preconditions for cannulation in arteriovenous fistulas.DesignDescriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used in a mixed‐methods design.ParticipantsHaemodialysis units in Sweden.MeasurementsLocal guidelines regarding arteriovenous fistula cannulation were analysed in parallel with responses to a questionnaire that contained open‐ended and closed‐ended questions on cannulation technique.ResultsPreconditions that facilitate cannulation fall into five stages, each with relevant factors in relation to the cannulation, as follows: planning cannulation—maturation and planning the cannulation, patient record, education and experience, and patient information; precannulation—physical examination, hygiene routines, arm position, tourniquet, choosing the cannulation site, and preventing pain; during cannulation—how to needle, type of needle, angle during cannulation, fixation, and adjusting; evaluating cannulation—blood flow rate and arterial and venous pressure; and postcannulation—needle withdrawal and haemostasis. The majority of dialysis units identified implementation of most of these preconditions, but the units handle several practical aspects differently.ConclusionsTracing the chain of cannulation led to identification of necessary preconditions for facilitating good cannulation technique. The findings also show the need for a better understanding of how different preconditions affect arteriovenous fistula and patency.
Plant scent and plant–insect interactions—Review and outlook from a macroevolutionary perspective
Authors: Schwery Orlando , Sipley Breanna N. , Braga Mariana P. , Yang Yan , Rebollo Roberto , Zu Pengjuan 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe astonishing diversity of plants and insects and their entangled interactions are cornerstones in terrestrial ecosystems. Co‐occurring with species diversity is the diversity of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). So far, their estimated number is more than 200 000 compounds, which are not directly involved in plant growth and development but play important roles in helping plants handle their environment including the mediation of plant–insect interactions. Here, we use plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs), a key olfactory communication channel that mediates plant–insect interactions, as a showcase of PSMs. In spite of the cumulative knowledge of the functional, ecological, and microevolutionary roles of VOCs, we still lack a macroevolutionary understanding of how they evolved with plant–insect interactions and contributed to species diversity throughout the long coevolutionary history of plants and insects. We first review the literature to summarize the current state‐of‐the‐art research on this topic. We then present various relevant types of phylogenetic methods suitable to answer macroevolutionary questions on plant VOCs and suggest future directions for employing phylogenetic approaches in studying plant VOCs and plant–insect interactions. Overall, we found that current studies in this field are still very limited in their macroevolutionary perspective. Nevertheless, with the fast‐growing development of metabolome analysis techniques and phylogenetic methods, it is becoming increasingly feasible to integrate the advances of these two areas. We highlight promising approaches to generate new testable hypotheses and gain a mechanistic understanding of the macroevolutionary roles of chemical communication in plant–insect interactions.
Micronutrient intake of children in Ghana and Benin: Estimated contribution of diet and nutrition programs
Authors: Greffeuille Valérie , Dass Mamta , Fanou‐Fogny Nadia , Nyako Jolene , Berger Jacques , Wieringa Frank T. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe estimated how micronutrient needs of young children, aged 6–24 months were covered by the standard (traditional) diets in Ghana and Benin, and the contributions of partial breastfeeding and national nutrition programs aimed at improving micronutrient status to overall micronutrient intakes. Estimates of micronutrient intake from standard diets were based on previous surveys, using the food composition table of West Africa (INFOOD). Recommended micronutrient intakes were based on World Health Organization recommendations. Children were grouped in three age groups (6–8, 9–12, and 13–24 months) to capture the changing dynamics of the complementary feeding period. As expected, from 6 months of age onwards, breastmilk didn't cover the micronutrient needs. The standard diets contributed only minimal to micronutrient intakes of children ranging from 0% to 37% of recommended intakes for Ca, Fe, Zn, vitamin A, vitamin D and iodine depending on the micronutrient considered. The contribution of mass (bio)‐fortification programs to the coverage of micronutrient needs varied widely, depending on the staple food considered and the country, but overall did not allow to fill the gap in micronutrient needs of children except for vitamin A in some contexts. In contrast, consumption of voluntary fortified complementary food, especially formulated for the needs in this age groups, contributed substantially to overall micronutrient intake and could fill the gap for several micronutrients. The development of young child‐targeted programs including micronutrient‐dense foods, associated with interventions to increase the diet diversity and meal frequency, could significantly improve micronutrients intakes of children in both Ghana and Benin.