bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Runner Thickness and Hydrogen Content on the Mechanical Properties of A356 Alloy Castings
Authors: El-Sayed Mahmoud Ahmed , Essa Khamis , Hassanin Hany 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEarlier studies demonstrated the detrimental effect of entrained bifilm defects on aluminum cast alloys’ tensile and fatigue properties. It was suggested that hydrogen has a contributing role as it diffuses into the bifilms and swells them out to form hydrogen porosity. In this study, the effect of the runner height and hydrogen content on the properties of A356 alloy castings was investigated using a two-level full factorial design of experiments. Four responses, the Weibull modulus and position parameter of both the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and % elongation, were assessed. The results suggested that decreasing the runner height and adopting procedures intended to decrease the hydrogen content of the casting caused a considerable enhancement of the Weibull moduli and position parameters of the UTS and % elongation. This was reasoned to the more quiescent practice during mold filling, eliminating the possibility of bifilm formation as well as the decreased hydrogen level that eliminated the amount of hydrogen diffused into the bifilms and accordingly decreased the size of the entrained defects. This, in turn, would allow the production of A356 cast alloys with better and more reproducible properties.
Bedeutung der Kompatibilität für eine sichere und belastungsfreie Arbeitsgestaltung – Aktuelle Relevanz des Konstruktes am Beispiel moderner Arbeitsgestaltung
Authors: Sträter Oliver 
Published: January 2022

ZusammenfassungKompatibilität ist eines der zentralen Konzepte der Arbeitsgestaltung seit den frühen Anfängen arbeitswissenschaftlicher Forschung. Auch wenn, oder gerade weil, das Konstrukt der Kompatibilität etabliert ist, tritt die Bedeutung der Kompatibilität für aktuelle Fragestellungen der Arbeitsgestaltung jedoch oft in den Hintergrund, weil es ein altes und damit vermeintlich antiquiertes Konstrukt ist. Gerade der Umstand, dass Kompatibilität ganz wesentlich physiologisch, also durch unsere Hirnanatomie bedingt ist, zeigt jedoch, dass genau das Gegenteil der Fall ist. Die Bedeutung der Kompatibilität für aktuelle Fragestellungen der Arbeitsgestaltung wird anhand aktueller Beispiele beleuchtet. Diese reichen von psychischen Belastungen, Zuverlässigkeit bis hin zur Gestaltung multimodaler Rückmeldesysteme.Dieser Beitrag geht zunächst auf das Phänomen und die Bedeutung der Kompatibilität sowie auf das Wickens-Schema als modellhafte Beschreibung und die physiologischen Grundlagen der Kompatibilität ein. Die Bedeutung der Kompatibilität wird anhand von Studien aus der Montage und Fertigungsindustrie, dem Flugbereich, dem Einsatz digitaler Informationssysteme in der Aus- und Weiterbildung und der Gestaltung multimodaler Schnittstellen aufgezeigt. Abschließend wird die Bedeutung des Konstruktes für eine moderne Arbeitsgestaltung hinsichtlich psychischer Gesundheit diskutiert und Kompatibilität von psychischen Effekten der Monotonie und Vigilanz abgegrenzt.Praktische Relevanz: Kompatibilität ist eines der zentralen arbeitswissenschaftlichen Konstrukte. Es wird seit Anbeginn der ergonomischen Arbeitsgestaltung untersucht und immer wieder stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit das Konstrukt Kompatibilität hinreichend erforscht und in der Praxis umgesetzt ist. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass Kompatibilität keinesfalls ein veraltetes Konstrukt ist, sondern durch neuere – auch physiologische Erkenntnisse – für die moderne Arbeitsgestaltung insbesondere im Rahmen der Digitalisierung ein essenzielles Konstrukt darstellt. Dies wird am Beispiel dreier Gestaltungsprobleme hochmoderner Arbeitssysteme aufgezeigt.
Big data in the food supply chain: a literature review
Authors: Rejeb Abderahman , Keogh John G. , Rejeb Karim 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe emergence of big data (BD) offers new opportunities for food businesses to address emerging risks and operational challenges. BD denotes the integration and analysis of multiple data sets, which are inherently complex, voluminous and are often of inadequate quality and structure. While BD is a well-established method in supply chain management, academic research on its application in the food ecosystem is still lagging. To fill this knowledge gap and capture the latest developments in this field, a systematic literature review was performed. Forty-one papers were selected and thoroughly examined and analysed to identify the enablers of BD in the food supply chain. The review primarily attempted to obtain an answer to the following research question: “What are the possibilities of leveraging big data in the food supply chain?“ Six significant benefits of applying BD in the food industry were identified, namely, the extraction of valuable knowledge and insights, decision-making support, improvement of food chain efficiencies, reliable forecasting, waste minimization, and food safety. Finally, some challenges and future research directions were outlined.
Glutamine as a Potential Noninvasive Biomarker for Human Embryo Selection
Authors: Miao Sui-Bing , Feng Yan-Ru , Wang Xiao-Dan , Lian Kao-Qi , Meng Fan-Yu , Song Ge , Yuan Jing-Chuan , Geng Cai-Ping , Wu Xiao-Hua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
To determine whether glutamine consumption is associated with embryo quality and aneuploidy, a retrospective study was conducted in an in vitro fertilization center. Spent embryo culture media from patients undergoing assisted reproduction treatment and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) were obtained on day 3 of in vitro culture. Embryo quality was assessed for cell number and fragmentation rate. PGT for aneuploidy was performed using whole genome amplification and DNA sequencing. Glutamine levels in spent embryo culture media were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that glutamine was a primary contributor to the classification of the good-quality and poor-quality embryos based on the orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis model. Glutamine consumption in the poor-quality embryos was significantly higher than that in the good-quality embryos (P < 0.05). A significant increase in glutamine consumption was observed from aneuploid embryos compared with that from euploid embryos (P < 0.01). The Pearson correlation coefficients between embryo quality and glutamine consumption, and between aneuploidy and glutamine consumption, were 0.430 and 0.757, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.938 (95% CI: 0.902–0.975) for identifying aneuploidy. Animal experiments demonstrate that increased glutamine consumption may be a compensatory mechanism to mitigate oxidative stress. Our data suggest that glutamine consumption is associated with embryo quality and aneuploidy. Glutamine may serve as a molecular indicator for embryo assessment and aneuploidy testing.
Impairment of Decidualization of Endometrial Stromal Cells by hsa-miR-375 Through NOX4 Targeting
Authors: Yu Seong-Lan , Jeong Da-Un , Kang Yujin , Kim Tae-Hyun , Lee Sung Ki , Han Ae-Ra , Kang Jaeku , Park Seok-Rae 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Decidualization of the endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) is essential for successful embryo implantation. It involves the transformation of fibroblastic cells into epithelial-like cells that secrete cytokines, growth factors, and proteins necessary for implantation. Previous studies have revealed altered expression of miR-375 in the endometrium of patients with recurrent implantation failure and the ectopic stromal cells of patients with endometriosis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms, particularly the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of decidualization, remain elusive. In this study, we investigated whether decidualization is affected by miR-375 and its potential target(s). The findings demonstrated the downregulation of the expression of miR-375 in the secretory phase compared to its expression in the proliferative phase of the endometrium in normal donors. In contrast, it was upregulated in the secretory phase of the endometrium in infertility patients. Furthermore, during decidualization of ESCs in vitro, overexpression of miR-375 significantly reduced the transcript-level expression of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), prolactin (PRL), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP1), the well-known decidual cell markers. Overexpression of miR-375 also resulted in reduced decidualization-derived intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Using the luciferase assay, we confirmed that NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is a direct target of miR-375. Collectively, the study showed that the miR-375-mediated NOX4 downregulation reduced ROS production and attenuated the decidualization of ESCs. It provides evidence that miR-375 is a negative regulator of decidualization and could serve as a potential target for combating infertility.
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a More Efficient Method of Best-Worst Scaling Data Collection
Authors: Bir Courtney , Delgado Michael , Widmar Nicole 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiscrete choice experiments are used to collect data that facilitates measurement and understanding of consumer preferences. A sample of 750 respondents was employed to evaluate a new method of best-worst scaling data collection. This new method decreased the number of attributes and questions while discerning preferences for a larger set of attributes through self-stated preference “filter” questions. The new best-worst method resulted in overall equivalent rates of transitivity violations and lower incidences of attribute non-attendance than standard best-worst scaling designs. The new method of best-worst scaling data collection can be successfully employed to efficiently evaluate more attributes while improving data quality.
Finding the Story
Authors: Kaplan-Liss Evonne , Mitchell Lauren , Crossno Chase , Lantz-Gefroh Val 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Story is the oldest known way of sharing knowledge and information and engages us in our collective humanity. In research settings, story brings meaning to complex ideas, making them feel palpable and connects us with our audience. Historically, the disciplines that take a research interest in the importance of narrative have been largely in fields like the philosophy of science/medicine, medical humanities, and sociology though story is “always already” a part of scientific research. Humanities have gained traction in medical and science education, and researchers are seeking such curricula to communicate more effectively with the public and their students. We believe that story is an effective tool to enable CTS investigators to be effective educators and communicators of translational science. Story-based interdisciplinary pedagogy emphasizes an approach encouraging clinical researchers to keep the human story as the driving force of research design, dissemination, and application of research to diverse audiences. In this article, we provide backgrounds on successful programs that have used story in science communication and education as well as a tool researchers can use to incorporate the structure of story into their own work.
Variability in soybean yields, nutrient use efficiency, and profitability with application of phosphorus fertilizer and inoculants on smallholder farms in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kiwia Abednego , Kimani David , Rebbie Harawa , Jama Bashir , Sileshi Gudeta W. 
Published: January 2022

Summary
Although soybean is emerging as an important commercial crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), its productivity on smallholder farms is very low. Soybean requires application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer and inoculation with the right rhizobium strains to achieve optimum biological nitrogen fixation and higher yields. However, subsistence farmers in SSA rarely invest in P fertilizers and inoculants due to lack of knowledge of their use and benefits. Most of the early reports on soybean in SSA have been based on work on research stations; hence, information is lacking on the profitability of fertilizer and inoculant use on smallholder farms in SSA. The main hypothesis of the present study was that the combined application of P and inoculants significantly reduces yield risks and increases P use efficiency and profitability compared with P fertilizer alone under smallholder farm conditions. We analyzed a data set of over 2,800 observations from on-farm demonstrations across Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Soybean yields, the partial factor productivity of P (PFPP), agronomic efficiency of P (AEP), and the value cost ratio (VCR) were significantly improved by the combined application of P fertilizer with inoculants than with P fertilizer alone. Combining P and inoculants increased yields over P alone by 17.3% in Kenya, 21.4% in Zambia, 25.7% in Ghana, 56.4% in Tanzania, and 57.1% in Malawi. However, soil organic matter was an important determinant of yield response and P use efficiency. The VCR increased linearly with increasing AEP in P + inoculant (R2 = 0.829) and less so with P fertilizer alone (R2 = 0.672). Net present values were positive in all countries, indicating that investments in P fertilizer and inoculants will generate profits over time. In order to increase uptake of fertilizers and inoculants among subsistence farmers and make soybean production more profitable, appropriate policies and market incentives need to be created.
Microscopic differential cell count and specific mastitis pathogens in cow milk from compost-bedded pack barns and cubicle barns
Authors: Wagner Patricia , Brügemann Kerstin , Yin Tong , Engel Petra , Weimann Christina , Schlez Karen , König Sven 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCompost bedded pack barns (compost) as a new free walk housing system favorably influence udder health due to improved animal welfare and lying comfort. On the other hand, unfavorable effects on udder health are possible, due to the open bedded pack and the associated larger bacterial content in moisture. For in-depth farming system comparisons, the present study aimed to evaluate the specific cell fractions and mastitis pathogens in milk from cows kept in compost and in conventional cubical barns (cubicle). For milk sample collection we used a repeated measurement data structure of 2,198 udder quarters from 537 Holstein cows kept in six herds (3 in compost and 3 in cubicle). Differential cell counting was conducted including lymphocytes, macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Specific mastitis pathogens comprised major and minor pathogens. Mixed models were applied to infer environmental and cow associated effects on cell fractions and on prevalences for pathogen infections, with specific focus on system × lactation stage, system × milk yield and system × somatic cell count effects. The interaction between system and lactation stage showed significant differences (P < 0.01) between the systems. A significantly smaller number of bacteriologically positive quarters and lower prevalences for minor pathogens were detected in compost compared to cubicle. Least squares means for pathogen prevalences indicated a quite constant proportion of bacteriologically negative udder quarters across milk yield levels in compost, but a slight increase with increasing milk yield in cubicle. Cell fraction responses in both systems differed in relation to the overall bacteriological infection status and farming system particularities. In conclusion, different cell fractions and specific mastitis pathogens should be considered as an indicator for udder health in different production systems, taking into account cow associated factors (lactation stage, milk yield).
Psychological well-being in midlife following early childhood intervention
Authors: Mondi Christina F. , Reynolds Arthur J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present study is the first to examine the relations between participation in a public early childhood intervention (the Child-Parent Center (CPC) program) and psychological well-being (or, positive functioning) into early mid-life. Data are drawn from the Chicago Longitudinal Study (CLS), which has followed a cohort of 1,539 individuals who grew up in urban poverty for over four decades. Approximately two-thirds of the original study cohort participated in the CPC program in early childhood; the rest comprise a demographically matched comparison group. Participantsâ€™ psychological functioning at age 35–37 was assessed using the Ryff Scales of Psychological Wellbeing. Results support a positive relationship between CPC preschool participation and long-term psychological wellbeing. Moderated mediation (e.g., whether CPC effects on wellbeing differ across subgroups) and potential mechanisms across multiple social-ecological levels (according to the 5-Hypothesis Model of early intervention) are also empirically investigated. Future directions for child development research, early childhood intervention, and public policy are discussed.
Removal lemmas and approximate homomorphisms
Authors: Fox Jacob , Zhao Yufei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe study quantitative relationships between the triangle removal lemma and several of its variants. One such variant, which we call the triangle-free lemma, states that for each
$\epsilon>0$
there exists M such that every triangle-free graph G has an
$\epsilon$
-approximate homomorphism to a triangle-free graph F on at most M vertices (here an
$\epsilon$
-approximate homomorphism is a map
$V(G) \to V(F)$
where all but at most
$\epsilon \left\lvert{V(G)}\right\rvert^2$
edges of G are mapped to edges of F). One consequence of our results is that the least possible M in the triangle-free lemma grows faster than exponential in any polynomial in
$\epsilon^{-1}$
. We also prove more general results for arbitrary graphs, as well as arithmetic analogues over finite fields, where the bounds are close to optimal.
Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D) level among children with ventricular septal defect: how big is the risk for pulmonary hypertension?
Authors: Rahayuningsih Sri E. , Kuswiyanto Rahmat B. , Rayani Putria , Wijaya Elrika A. , Syamsunarno Mas R. , Judistiani Raden T. D. , Setiabudiawan Budi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Ventricular septal defect is the most common CHD, leading to pulmonary hypertension. Significantly lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was reported in children with CHD compared with healthy controls. The current study aimed to investigate the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and pulmonary hypertension in children with ventricular septal defect.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on ventricular septal defect paediatric patients from January to June, 2019. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured using electrochemiluminescence. Pulmonary hypertension was defined as mean pulmonary artery systolic pressure > 20 mmHg for children >3 months of age at sea level, measured by Doppler echocardiography.Results:From forty-four subjects, the majority of the subjects were female (56.8%) with normal nutritional status and perimembranous ventricular septal defect. Bivariate analysis showed that 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was associated with pulmonary hypertension (p < 0.01), type and size of ventricular septal defect (p = 0.02), and heart failure (p < 0.01). Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was correlated with better nutritional status (p = 0.04, r = 0.26), and lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was correlated with the occurence of perimembranous ventricular septal defect (p = 0.01, r = −0.39), larger defect size (p < 0.01, r = −0.70), history of pneumonia (p = 0.02, r = −0.31), and heart failure (p < 0.01, r = −0.64). Subjects with 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency had prevalence ratio of 24.0 times for pulmonary hypertension. Higher pulmonary artery pressure was correlated to the occurence perimembranous ventricular septal defect (p = 0.01, r = 0.47), larger defect size (p < 0.01, r = 0.78), history of pneumonia (p = 0.01, r = 0.38), and heart failure (p < 0.01, r = 0.75).Conclusion:Children with ventricular septal defect who had low 25-hydroxyvitamin D level posed a higher risk of having pulmonary hypertension.
Comparison of median sternotomy and left anterior mini-incision for pulmonary valve replacement following primary tetralogy of Fallot repair
Authors: Thornton Steven , Kang Lillian , Nellis Joseph , Andersen Nicholas D. , Haney John , Turek Joseph 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective:Pulmonary insufficiency requiring reintervention frequently occurs after primary tetralogy of Fallot repair. Repeat interventions present a challenge for both the surgeon and patient. We compare a minimally invasive, 5 cm left anterior mini-incision to redo median sternotomy for pulmonary valve replacement in tetralogy of Fallot patients.Methods:Following Internal Review Board approval, we conducted a single institution retrospective review of patients with tetralogy of Fallot who underwent pulmonary valve replacement via redo median sternotomy or left anterior mini-incision between 13 July, 2016 and 6 March, 2020.Results:Twenty-three patients underwent pulmonary valve replacement following primary tetralogy of Fallot repair between March 2016 and March 2020. Twelve patients received a redo-median sternotomy from March 2016 to August 2018. Left anterior mini-incision was first offered in August of 2018 and was chosen by all eleven patients thereafter. The two groups had similar baseline characteristics including preoperative pulmonary valve dysfunction. Early trends suggest a longer cardiopulmonary bypass time for patients who received left anterior mini-incisions. Other outcomes were comparable, including operative times, blood product requirements, residual pulmonary valve dysfunction, postoperative pain, narcotic requirements, ICU length of stay, total length of stay, and postoperative complications.Conclusions:In patients who have previously undergone primary repairs of tetralogy of Fallot, outcomes for pulmonary valve replacement via left anterior mini-incision are comparable to those via redo median sternotomy.
Characterisation of anaemia amongst school going adolescent girls in rural Haryana, India
Authors: Gupta Aakriti , Sachdev Harshpal Singh , Kapil Umesh , Prakash Shyam , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Sati Hem Chandra , Sharma Lokesh Kumar , Lal Priti Rishi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjective:High burden of anaemia exists amongst rural adolescent girls in India. The objective of this study was to characterise anaemia in school going adolescent girls in rural Haryana, India.Design:Linear and multiple logistic regression analysis of data collected prior to an intervention trial was conducted. Participants were classified into anaemic (haemoglobin <12 g/dl) and non-anaemic group and were further classified into deficiencies of Fe, folate or vitamin B12, mixed, anaemia of other causes and inflammation.Setting:Three schools in Ballabgarh block of Faridabad District, Haryana, India.Participants:One hundered and ninety-eight non-anaemic and 202 anaemic adolescent girls (12–19 years).Results:Anaemic girls had 29·6 % Fe deficiency, 28·1 % folate or vitamin B12deficiency, 15·8 % mixed deficiency and 9·7 % acute inflammation. Anaemia of other causes was found in 16·8 % of the anaemic participants. Girls with Fe and isolated folate deficiency had 2·5 times and four times higher odds of developing anaemia, respectively, as compared with non-anaemic girls. Fe deficiency with no anaemia was found amongst 11 % non-anaemic girls. Non-anaemic girls had a high prevalence of combined deficiency of folate or vitamin B12(29·5 %) and acute inflammation (14·4 %).Conclusions:The current strategy of Fe and folic acid supplementation alone will not suffice for achieving the desired reduction in the prevalence of anaemia as unknown causes and anaemia of inflammation contribute to a substantial proportion of anaemia. Integrating other nutrition-specific components like improving water, sanitation and hygiene practices with the ongoing micronutrient supplementation program will comprehensively tackle anaemia. Unknown causes of anaemia warrant further research.