bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impacts of Filtering in Social Media Facebook on Users in the Kurdistan Region
Authors: Kheder Awara Haji , Mawlood Saman Jalal 
Published: March 2022

Social media has prevailed over conventional media and it has impacted the society enormously. This research investigates the impacts of filtering in social media platform of Facebook. Filtering is argued to have positive influences on the quality of media productions. The main objective of the research is to scrutinize the effects of filtering in Facebook. The problem of this research is that Facebook users are overwhelmed by a flood of false and perilous information that come to them through unfiltered social media platforms. The significance of the work lies in its attempt to eradicate all the messages that get disseminated irresponsibly in social media. Methodologically, the study employed a descriptive method by conducting an online survey in the four governorates of the Kurdistan Region. Furthermore, a three-point Correct spelling scale is used in the research. A sample of (N 284) journalists from Erbil, Sulaimani, Duhok and Halabja was selected for the empirical data collection process. Findings indicate that majority of journalists believe that filtering is a necessity in Facebook and filtering is an effective tool to end humiliation and disrespect in social media in the Kurdistan Region.
EFEITOS QUE AS BOLHAS SOCIAIS TÊM NO DIREITO À INFORMAÇÃO E NO DIREITO À COMUNICAÇÃO
Authors: Schirrmann Eduardo , Adolfo Luiz Gonzaga 
Published: March 2022

O Direito à Informação é considerado como um direito coletivo fundamental, que está presente no rol do artigo 5.º, XIV, da Constituição brasileira de 1988. Hoje estamos vivendo no auge da era da Internet, em que grande parte da população possuí acesso, ao alcance de suas mãos, a, teoricamente, qualquer conteúdo não sigiloso, seja por computador, por celular ou por qualquer outro meio disponível. Com isso, empresas especializadas em controle de dados descobriram uma forma de monitorar as informações que são distribuídas para usuários, manipulando anúncios de produtos ou vendendo dados pessoais para por meio dessa prática, ganharem capital.
Sendo assim, importa indagar como fica, então, o Direito à Informação e à Comunicação, garantidos pela Constituição, se a própria informação que se acessa é manipulada por empresas que visam à lucrar com os dados dos indivíduos e, com isso, sempre mostrar informações controladas, de acordo com os gostos, os círculos de amizade, as preferências de conteúdo e outras opções pessoais. As bolhas sociais são criadas a partir disso, e sua melhor definição é que as pessoas as veem somente como aquilo que gostariam de ver em suas redes sociais ou, até mesmo, em sites de busca. Os provedores de Internet deveriam assegurar que o Direito à Informação não ficasse fragilizado e cerceado, como é seu atual funcionamento.
DIREITO (FUNDAMENTAL) DE DESCONEXÃO COMO INSTRUMENTO DE PROTEÇÃO E GARANTIA DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS DO TRABALHADOR
Authors: Goldschmidt Rodrigo , Graminho Vivian Maria Caxambu 
Published: March 2022

A constante evolução da tecnologia impacta diretamente no direito do trabalho, em especial, com a inserção das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação no ambiente laboral, que possibilita a criação de novas formas de trabalhar, modificando os locais e horários de trabalho e admitindo o surgimento do trabalhador onipresente, que está conectado à empresa a qualquer momento e lugar. O presente estudo tem por finalidade delinear e defender a existência de um direito fundamental de desconexão do trabalhador, como forma de proteger e garantir o exercício dos direitos fundamentais do trabalhador nas relações de trabalho. Assim, primeiramente busca-se estudar o impacto do avanço da tecnologia nas relações de trabalho, em especial, no tocante o excesso de conexão existente na atualidade e suas consequências na vida do trabalhador. Ainda, analisa-se a prevalência dos direitos fundamentais nas relações laborais, e por fim, de que maneira o direito fundamental à desconexão pode servir como instrumento de efetividade desses direitos. Ao final, defende-se a existência de um direito fundamental à desconexão com a finalidade de garantir, aos trabalhadores, melhores condições de trabalho e de vida. Utilizou-se, para tanto, o método de abordagem dedutivo e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica.
CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Bezerra Sales Sarlet Gabrielle , De Holanda Monteiro Fábio 
Published: March 2022

Este artigo aborda, empregando o método hipotético-dedutivo, mediante investigação bibliográfica e exploratória embasada na bioética e no catálogo de direitos humanos e fundamentais, os cuidados paliativos em paciente com Covid-19 no Brasil. Embora a assistência em saúde em situação de emergência e crise humanitária seja centrada no salvamento de vidas, mostra-se de fundamental importância a prestação de cuidados paliativos ao paciente em todas as fases da doença, especialmente quando em estado grave ou terminal. Os cuidados paliativos objetivam aliviar a dor e o sofrimento no intuito de conferir qualidade de vida ao paciente e sua família. Ainda que se trate de uma doença infecciosa e letal como a Covid-19, devem ser ofertados ao paciente os melhores cuidados possíveis, com respeito à autonomia, à igualdade e à dignidade da pessoa humana, sem deixar de levar em consideração a equidade, a justiça e, especialmente, a vulnerabilidade das pessoas em grupos de risco e das menos favorecidas socialmente.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF WOMEN'S COOPERATIVE FINANCIAL REPORTS IN THE DISTRICT OF ANTI GRESIK REGENCY WITH ACTION RESERCH APPROACH
Authors: Hidayat Ujang Syaiful 
Published: March 2022

The Women's Cooperative (KOPWAN) Bina Citra Wanita is a legal entity cooperative that has a savings and loan business unit. KOPWAN is a form of joint effort based on the principles of kinship and mutual cooperation. However, problems arise when it comes to providing precise and accurate financial reports, in accordance with SAK ETAP (Financial Accounting Standards for Entities Without Public Accountability). These activities require extra work from KOPWAN administrators who double as housewives. This often creates conflicts of its own in dividing the time because the financial statements made are still using conventional methods. This condition is not balanced with the increasing number of activities because the number of members served is increasing. The purpose of this study will be to examine the extent to which the implementation of computerized-based financial reporting with accounting software can improve the quality of KOPWAN financial report information. This study uses an action research approach. The results of the study indicate that Accounting Software is quite effective and efficient in helping management make financial reports quickly, precisely and accurately and reduce fraud. In addition, it is able to save time and energy so that it does not interfere with the activities of mothers in carrying out domestic and public activities.

Keywords: action research, SAK ETAP, Accounting Software
SOAR as an Effective Community-based Response in Anti-Trafficking Movements
Authors: Dhungel Rita 
Published: March 2022

Grounded in the narratives of women from rural communities who were forced to migrate to Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, and later India, this paper critically examines the meaningful involvement of trafficking survivors for sexual exploitation in anti-trafficking movement in Nepal. Using the SOAR (Stop, Observe, Ask, and Respond) model, this paper explores the community-based responses to address the issues of human trafficking and post-trafficking. This paper is guided by migratory and intersectionality frameworks. Using the frameworks, Participatory Action Research (PAR), a transformative and an empowerment methodology, was conducted with eight female trafficking survivors who were exploited for sexual exploitation. PAR was used to critically understand intersectional gender oppression escalated the vulnerability of women to trafficking and made the women “doubly victimized” in their post trafficking. Through engaging in the study process, PAR allowed survivors to critically understand their own oppression and develop strategies to effectively act towards ending forced migration and trafficking. Using a thematic analysis, the collected information was categorized, and coded. The research team included the researcher and the trafficking survivors, who are recognized as “co-researchers” in this paper, identified and used a wide range of pragmatic approaches and tools such as street dramas, interactive sessions, peer interviews and meetings with political leaders. These approaches provided the survivors with an opportunity not only to share their voices and experiences on migration and trafficking, but also to highlight transformative impacts, including personal and social transformation.
FLOUTING MAXIM ON ENGLISH RADIO PROGRAM IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Setyawan Agustinus Hary 
Published: March 2022

As an event that is on the rise lately, English radio talk show in Yogyakarta provides various interesting topics with various invited guest from different background which create rich conversations among the radio announcer and the guest. When the interlocutor commits a flouting maxim, the radio broadcasting context plays an important role in interpreting the meaning of the speech. Hence, the purpose of this study is to determine the types of flouting maxim and the reason why it is flouted. This research was designed as descriptive qualitative research methods. Sources of data in this study were conversations between radio announcers and guests who have the flouting maxim utterance in English radio broadcasting program. The finding shows 10 flouting maxim data in English radio talk shows in Yogyakarta. There were 40% flouting of the maxim of quantity, 30% of the flouting of the maxim of quality, 20% of the flouting of the maxim of relevance and 10% of the flouting of the maxims of implementation. The announcer and guest in the English radio broadcasting in Yogyakarta flout the maxims deliberately due to several factors such as providing detailed information, convincing, making humble attitude, saving face and creating a relaxed situation with a joke or indirect message.
FOSTERING RELIGIOUS MODERATION THROUGH LEARNING ENGLISH AT PESANTREN’S MA’HAD ALY
Authors: Al-Khusain Abu Ali 
Published: March 2022

This research was aimed at two progressive aspects namely improving the speaking and giving awareness towards moderation. The subjects were 21 students of the first semester students of Ma’had Aly Pondok Pesantren Krapyak Yogyakarta. The data were collected using questionaire, observation, and tests and were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The topic of moderation in the students’ real life and knowledge effectively improved the speaking learning process. It also triggers the students in expressing their idea about moderation. The findings shown that it improved learning process of speaking They became actively participated in group discussion to present their opinion and propose solution. The students were confident to speak English. The improvement of students’ speaking skill was proven by the increase of the test results. The students’ average score in the pre-test was 65, while in cycle one was 71 and 82 in cycle two.
Possible Augmentive Effect of Antioxidant Vitamin C in Patients with Essential Hypertension Treated with Amlodipin or Enalapril
Authors: A. Al-Rikaby Maitham , J. Al â€“ Shamma Kasim , A. Majeed Ibrahim , SH.Hamondi Saad 
Published: March 2022

Hypertension is identified as one of the most significant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). There is growing evidence showing that oxidative stress plays a major role in hypertension. Increased production of reactive oxygen species and decrease bioavailability of antioxidant have been demonstrated in experimental and human hypertension. The present study was directed to determine the beneficial effect of the antioxidant vitamin C in patients with essential hypertension treated with the calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) or with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril). Ninety six patients (50 females and 46 males) with essential hypertension and treated with amlodipine or enalapril, age (50.43 Â± 0.55 year) were participated in this study and divided in to: Twenty five patients received amlodipine 5mg tablet once daily (group 1), twenty five patients received the same dose of amlodipine plus 500mg of vitamin C tablet twice daily (group 2), twenty three patients received enalapril 5 mg tablet once daily (group 3), and twenty three patients received the same dose of enalapril plus 500mg of vitamin C tablet twice daily (group 4). Twenty apparently healthy subjects (11 females and 9 males) also participated in this study as control group (group 5). All patients were treated and followed up for one month. The mean blood pressures were measured for each patient before treatment and one, two, three and four weeks after treatment. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid profile, electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters and heart rate were measured for each patient before treatment and two and four weeks after treatment. The addition of vitamin C to amlodipine or enalapril treated patients had resulted in a significant (p<0.05) lowering effect on mean blood pressure after two, three and four weeks. On the other hand, the addition of vitamin C to amlodipine or enalapril treated patients had resulted in a significant lowering of serum MDA after two and four weeks of treatment. While there was no significant change in lipid profile or ECG parameters and heart rate of patients in group two and four after two and four weeks of vitamin C treatment as compared to their values at zero time and to patients in group one and three respectively. The study indicates that oxidative stress may have a significant role in essential hypertension, and addition of the antioxidant vitamin C to antihypertensive drugs used in this study can give a good blood pressure lowering effect and good protection against lipid peroxidation.
Key words: Antioxidant ,Vitamin C, Essential Hypertension, Amlodipin , Enalapril
Variasi Makna Kata ‘Berjalan’ dalam Bahasa Bonai Dialek Ulakpatian
Authors: Abidin Zainal 
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kata-kata yang menyatakan ‘berjalan’ dengan berbagai cara dalam bahasa Bonai Dialek Ulakpatian (BBDU). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menganalisis komponen makna ‘berjalan’ dalam BBDU. Data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah data ujaran atau data lisan yang dikumpulkan dengan metode survei. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode cakap dan metode simak dengan menerapkan beberapa teknik, seperti teknik pancing, teknik catat, dan teknik rekam. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa dalam BBDU kosakata yang menyatakan ‘berjalan’ diwakili oleh empat sudut pandang, yaitu cara, sikap, tujuan, dan tempat melakukannya. Dari sudut pandang cara melakukannya, makna ‘berjalan’ dibedakan atas bajajah, barensuik, beransu, jeruik, maleso, malicak, manarik, moirik, padek egak, perangsag, dan tamenye-menye. Berdasarkan sudut pandang sikap saat melakukannya, makna ‘berjalan’ dibedakan atas manjojaki, malengak, lengak, taulu-ulu, tapuji-puji, tahele-hele, padek elok, dan tak tecotuk atah. Dari sudut pandang tujuan melakukannya, makna ‘berjalan’ dibedakan atas kata menyuluh, kawup, bakisah, dan celengkang, sedangkan dari sudut pandang tempat melakukannya, makna ‘berjalan’ hanya pada kata menakih.
Abstract
The research aims at describing words that indicate “berjalan” (walking) in many ways in Bonai Language of Ulakpatian Dialect (BLUD). This study is a descriptive qualitative method by analyzing the word meaning components of ‘berjalan’ (walking) in BLUD. Primary data in this research are speech data or oral data collected by applying survey method. The data were collected using the conversation method and the listening method by applying some techniques, such as the stimulation and response technique, note taking technique, and recording technique. From the research results, it is found that in the BBDU the vocabulary which states "walking" is represented by four points of view, namely the way, attitude, purpose, and place to do it. From the point of view of how to do it, the meaning of 'walking' is differentiated into bajajah, barensuik, beransu, jeruik, maleso, malicak, manarik, moirik, padek egak, perangsag, and tamenye-menye. Based on the attitude point of view when doing it, the meaning of 'walking' is differentiated into manjojaki, malengak, lengak, taulu-ulu, tapuji-puji, tahele-hele, padek elok, and tak tecotuk atah.. From the point of view of the purpose of doing it, the meaning of "walking" is distinguished into the words menyuluh, kawup, bakisah, and celengkang, whereas from the point of view of the place where you do it, the meaning of "walking" is only in the word menakih.
Adult sports-related traumatic spinal injuries: do different activities predispose to certain injuries?
Authors: Hauser Blake M. , Gupta Saksham , Hoffman Samantha E. , Zaki Mark M. , Roffler Anne A. , Cote David J. , Lu Yi , Chi John H. , Groff Michael W. , Khawaja Ayaz M. , Smith Timothy R. , Zaidi Hasan A. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE
Sports injuries are known to present a high risk of spinal trauma. The authors hypothesized that different sports predispose participants to different injuries and injury severities.

METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of adult patients who experienced a sports-related traumatic spinal injury (TSI), including spinal fractures and spinal cord injuries (SCIs), encoded within the National Trauma Data Bank from 2011 through 2014. Multiple imputation was used for missing data, and multivariable linear and logistic regression models were estimated.

RESULTS
The authors included 12,031 cases of TSI, which represented 15% of all sports-related trauma. The majority of patients with TSI were male (82%), and the median age was 48 years (interquartile range 32–57 years). The most frequent mechanisms of injury in this database were cycling injuries (81%), skiing and snowboarding accidents (12%), aquatic sports injuries (3%), and contact sports (3%). Spinal surgery was required during initial hospitalization for 9.1% of patients with TSI.
Compared to non-TSI sports-related trauma, TSIs were associated with an average 2.3-day increase in length of stay (95% CI 2.1–2.4; p < 0.001) and discharge to or with rehabilitative services (adjusted OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.4–2.7; p < 0.001). Among sports injuries, TSIs were the cause of discharge to or with rehabilitative services in 32% of cases. SCI was present in 15% of cases with TSI. Within sports-related TSIs, the rate of SCI was 13% for cycling injuries compared to 41% and 49% for contact sports and aquatic sports injuries, respectively. Patients experiencing SCI had a longer length of stay (7.0 days longer; 95% CI 6.7–7.3) and a higher likelihood of adverse discharge disposition (adjusted OR 9.69, 95% CI 8.72–10.77) compared to patients with TSI but without SCI.

CONCLUSIONS
Of patients with sports-related trauma discharged to rehabilitation, one-third had TSIs. Cycling injuries were the most common cause, suggesting that policies to make cycling safer may reduce TSI.
Complication rate evolution across a 10-year enrollment period of a prospective multicenter database
Authors: Lafage Renaud , Fong Alex M. , Klineberg Eric , Smith Justin S. , Bess Shay , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Burton Douglas , Kim Han Jo , Elysee Jonathan , Mundis Gregory M. , Passias Peter , Gupta Munish , Hostin Richard , Schwab Frank , Lafage Virginie 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE
Adult spinal deformity is a complex pathology that benefits greatly from surgical treatment. Despite continuous innovation, little is known regarding continuous changes in surgical techniques and the complications rate. The objective of the current study was to investigate the evolution of the patient profiles and surgical complications across a single prospective multicenter database.

METHODS
This study is a retrospective review of a prospective, multicenter database of surgically treated patients with adult spinal deformity (thoracic kyphosis > 60°, sagittal vertical axis > 5 cm, pelvic tilt > 25°, or Cobb angle > 20°) with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Patients were stratified into 3 equal groups by date of surgery. The three groups’ demographic data, preoperative data, surgical information, and complications were then compared. A moving average of 320 patients was used to visualize and investigate the evolution of the complication across the enrollment period.

RESULTS
A total of 928/1260 (73.7%) patients completed their 2-year follow-up, with an enrollment rate of 7.7 ± 4.1 patients per month. Across the enrollment period (2008–2018) patients became older (mean age increased from 56.7 to 64.3 years) and sicker (median Charlson Comorbidity Index rose from 1.46 to 2.08), with more pure sagittal deformity (type N). Changes in surgical treatment included an increased use of interbody fusion, more anterior column release, and a decrease in the 3-column osteotomy rate, shorter fusion, and more supplemental rods and bone morphogenetic protein use. There was a significant decrease in major complications associated with a reoperation (from 27.4% to 17.1%) driven by a decrease in radiographic failures (from 12.3% to 5.2%), despite a small increase in neurological complications.
The overall complication rate has decreased over time, with the lowest rate of any complication (51.8%) during the period from August 2014 to March 2017. Major complications associated with reoperation decreased rapidly in the 2014–2015. Major complications not associated with reoperation had the lowest level (21.0%) between February 2014 and October 2016.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite an increase in complexity of cases, complication rates did not increase and the rate of complications leading to reoperation decreased. These improvements reflect the changes in practice (supplemental rod, proximal junctional kyphosis prophylaxis, bone morphogenetic protein use, anterior correction) to ensure maintenance of status or improved outcomes.
Study to Find Out the Efficacy of 6 Minute Walk Test in Assessing Response to Medical Intervention in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: Sharma Brij Lal 
Published: March 2022

Background: The aim was to find out the correlation of 6 minute walk test (6MWT) with spirometry values, in patients who are on treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also to study the efficacy of the 6 MWT in assessing response to medical intervention in patients suffering from COPD. This was undertaken with an objective to study whether 6 MWT can be recommended for a primary care setting in resource-constrained countries in effective management of COPD
Methods: We included 50 patients with stable COPD attending the outpatient department in the stipulated study period and diagnosis of COPD was established by clinical symptoms and spirometric data of ratio of FEV 1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) ? 0.7.
Results: The 6 minute walk distance (6MWD) of the patients was assessed once the health status of the patients has been stabilized. This was done under strict monitoring, just before discharge of the patient from the hospital. Participants aged less than 60 years had a 6MWD of 342.13±19.36 m while those aged above 60 years clocked 286.36±20.13 m.
Conclusions: 6MWT can be a useful replacement of spirometry in assessment of severity of COPD.
Key words: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, six-minute walk test, spirometric indices, severity