bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
East African population exposure to precipitation extremes under 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming levels based on CMIP6 models
Authors: Ayugi Brian , Jiang Zhihong , Iyakaremye Vedaste , Ngoma Hamida , Babaousmail Hassen , Onyutha Charles , Dike Victor Nnamdi , Mumo Richard , Ongoma Victor 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Understanding population exposure to precipitation-related extreme events is important for effective climate change adaptation and mitigation measures. We analyze extreme precipitation using indices (EPIs), including consecutive dry days (CDD), annual total precipitation, simple daily intensity, and the number of extremely wet days, under the past and future climatic conditions over East Africa. The exposure of the East African population to these extreme events at 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming levels (GWLs) is analyzed based on Climate Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 models. Exposure is computed from extremely wet and dry days (R95p and CDD, respectively). Under both GWLs, EPIs (except CDD) averaged over East Africa are projected to increase under the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP)2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The largest increase in wet events will likely occur in eastern and northern Kenya. The results also reveal an intensification of precipitation extremes over Burundi, Rwanda, and some parts of Uganda. However, small changes are expected over most parts of Kenya and Tanzania. Examination of population exposure to EPIs shows that the most prominent and net intense occurrence is over Burundi, Rwanda, and some parts of Uganda. In contrast, less change is noted to occur over vast parts of Kenya and Tanzania. Meanwhile, limiting the warming target to less than 1.5 °C but not more than 2.0 °C has 37% (44.2%) and 92% (4%) less impact on the occurrence of EPIs for R95p (CDD) under SSP2-4.5 (SSP5-8.5) scenarios, respectively. The study establishes that future exposure is predominantly driven by changes in population compared to other factors such as climate or concurrent changes in climate and population (the nonlinear interaction effect). For instance, climate effects are anticipated to contribute ∼10.6% (12.6%) of the total change in population exposure under 1.5 °C (2.0 °C) warming levels, while population and interaction effects are expected to contribute ∼77.4% (71.9%) and 12% (15.5%), respectively, under 1.5 °C (2.0 °C) scenarios. Interestingly, the projected changes in regional exposure due to the interaction effects under SSP2-4.5 are greater than the climate effect, while the reverse pattern is observed under SSP5-8.5. For example, under SSP5-8.5, climate effects for 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C are larger (after population effect) with ∼3.8 × 105 (15.7%) and ∼6.1 × 105 (17.5%) billion person-mm, respectively. The high exposure noted over East Africa calls for a shift in policies to instate suitable adaptation measures to cushion the already vulnerable population.
Local preservation of no-signaling in multiparty PT-symmetric evolutions
Authors: Kumari Asmita , Sen Ujjwal 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Violation of the no-signaling principle may occur in PT-symmetric evolutions, that is, evolutions that stem from Hamiltonians that are symmetric with respect to parity and time-reversal, of bipartite entangled states. The violation can be avoided by using a non-conventional inner product. We show that even within the formalism that utilizes the conventional inner product between physical state vectors in a separable Hilbert space, it is possible to obtain instances of local preservation of the no-signaling principle for evolutions corresponding to PT-symmetric non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with real eigenvalues, of multiparty entangled states, whose bipartite versions still violate the principle. The phenomenon can be witnessed already by using the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state. Interestingly, the generalized W states do not support such a local preservation of no-signaling.
Studying the influence of shading devices on indoor thermal comfort in desert and Mediterranean climates
Authors: Berkouk D , Bouzir TAK , Mazouz S , Boucherit S , Mokhtari N 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thermal comfort is regarded as the most important issue in residential buildings. To verify the thermal performance of the envelope components used for the promotional apartments in Algeria, whether they are adapted to the hot and dry southern climate, or the Mediterranean climate, and to understand the effect of fixed and combined horizontal and vertical shading devices of different dimensions (12 cm, 25 cm, and 50 cm) on the indoor thermal comfort of these apartments, two main climatic zones have been considered in this study, the first is a desert climate of (Biskra, Ghardaïa, and Ouargla), while the second is a Mediterranean climate of (Algiers, Oran, Bari, and Naples). The methodology of this research was based on a comparative approach to the outcomes of a stay in an apartment in Biskra, which was looked at as a model for other desert and Mediterranean cities, based on the operative temperature data of different scenarios obtained through several simulations, which conducted by the use TrnSys software. The findings suggest that the double-walled hollow brick envelope causes a very severe indoor thermal environment (To<29) in dwellings located in desert regions such as Biskra, Ghardaïa, and Ouargla. In addition, the findings also suggest that shading devices are more effective for apartments located in the Mediterranean region (Algiers, Oran, Bari, Naples) than those located in the desert region. In the desert region, the use of mechanical cooling devices in the summer period is considered the most adequate solution to ensure the occupants’ thermal comfort. To identify the most optimal shading device models, future research based on the parametric simulation of kinetic shading devices is needed.
A Proposed Methodology for Detecting the Urban Footprint in Egypt
Authors: Mahmoud N. , Samir N. , Fathi A. , Mohamed W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The detection of informal built-up environments that sprawl on agricultural land is difficult to codify specially in particular with the increase in the population in the Arab Republic of Egypt. In 2017, a law was passed to remove building infractions in rural areas according to aerial photographs taken by the military and the building codes built after the 2019 Construction Violations Reconciliation Law (CVRL) were regulated, which mandates the demolition of any buildings built without a permit that are capped at 8.2 million units Since 2007. The use of remote sensing, which is a powerful technology that relies specifically on updated satellite images, is a key tool for detecting infringements built-up regions. The European Space Agency’s Sentinel Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) constellation is a key component of this research because of its advantages that allow for improved spatial resolution and atmospheric independence, and it takes day and night images, making it useful for a wide range of ground cover detection applications., a technological advantage that surpasses Optical sensors for the Sentinel 2 and Landsat missions that rely on clear weather conditions. The study aims to evaluate the use of radar satellites compared to optical satellites to detect urban built-up areas and encroachments on agricultural areas. The study was conducted on an area of 64 square kilometres, in Damietta City, East Delta, Egypt. Supervised classification was also used to derive the overall accuracy of radar satellite images and compare them with optical satellite images, using Error Matrix tables on Scup + QGIS programs. The results of the study resulted in reaching a high accuracy of land cover classification from the process of combining the Sentinel-1A,1B images in Maximum likelihood (ML) algorithms compared to Sentinel-2 images, reaching up to an overall accuracy (OA) of 80%, while the classification in Random Forest (RF) algorithms reached an overall accuracy (OA) of 87%. This paper recommends using the method of merging (SAR) Sentinel 1A,1B images and applying it, as well as conducting periodic monitoring of urban expansions using remote sensing techniques, to make sustainable decisions for the future of urban expansion master plans in the region and to quickly explore informal built-up encroachments.
Study on the influence of auxiliary electrode and magnet on electrochemical machining of SS304 using NaCl and NaNO3
Authors: J Deepak , P Hariharan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
SS304 is a potential material for the use in defense, medical, aerospace, and automotive industries owing to its excellent mechanical and chemical properties. Machining of SS304 is a topic of great research interest and complex shapes can be produced effectively using Electrochemical machining (ECM). However stray corrosion is a problem in ECM that has a negative impact on the process. Moreover, acids are widely used as electrolytes in ECM. The use of eco-friendly electrolytes saves the operator and the environment from the threats associated with the use of acids as electrolytes. Hence in this study, eco-friendly electrolytes (NaCl and NaNO3) are used. This paper presents a study to reduce the adverse effect of stray corrosion using a magnet, an auxiliary electrode, and a combination of both on two eco-friendly electrolytes using SS304 as workpiece. The evaluation was done based on Taper angle, Radial overcut, MRR, Surface roughness, and Radial-Stray current affected zone. The magnet was placed below the workpiece using a 3D-printed fixture. From the experiments conducted it has been found that the use of Aluminum as an auxiliary electrode is effective when using NaCl as an electrolyte. Up to 37% decrease in taper angle and a 63% reduction in surface roughness was observed when machining was done under the influence of a magnet using NaCl, due to the formation of vortex flow in the machining zone.
Low pressure CVD growth of 2D PdSe2 thin film and its application in PdSe2-MoSe2 vertical heterostructure
Authors: Withanage Sajeevi S , Khondaker Saiful I 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Palladium diselenide (PdSe2) is a novel member of the transition metal dichalcogenide family with layer dependent bandgap in the infrared regime with potential applications in many electronic and optoelectronic devices. Low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) could be an effective way to synthesize large area 2D PdSe2 materials at low growth temperatures creating new opportunities for the widescale applications of PdSe2. Here, we report LPCVD growth of PdSe2 for the first time at a growth temperature down to 250 °C, which is significantly lower than what was previously reported. The 2 nm Pd films became 8 nm PdSe2 after selenization in the temperature range of 250 °C–375 °C and no thickness variation with growth temperature was observed in our atomic force microscopy study. Raman study showed narrowing of PdSe2 related peaks with increasing growth temperature suggesting improved structural quality of the films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study confirmed complete selenization of the thin films to the lowest growth temperature of 250 °C. Electrical transport properties study showed resistance of the devices decrease with increasing growth temperature possibly due to the improvement of crystallinity. We also found that the devices show p-type behavior with mobilities up to 1 cm2 V−1 s−1. The good electrical quality of the film was further confirmed by demonstrating its application in fabricating PdSe2/MoSe2 vertical heterojunction which showed rectification behavior with a rectification ratio of up to 232. Kelvin probe force microscopy confirmed that the rectification behavior was originated from the work function difference of 0.76 eV between MoSe2 and PdSe2.
Investigation on the multi-hole directional coupler for power measurement of the J-TEXT ECRH system
Authors: WENG Wenting , XIA Donghui , TIAN Yizhe , CHEN Xixuan , WANG Zhijiang , PAN Yuan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Power measurement is necessary for an electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system. The directional coupler method has been put forward to monitor high-power microwave from gyrotrons in real time. A multi-hole directional coupler has been designed and manufactured for the 105 GHz/500 kW ECRH system on the J-TEXT tokamak. During the design process, we established the relationships between hole parameters and coupling characteristics based on the multi-hole coupling method and small-hole coupling theory. High-power tests have been carried out. The results indicated the reasonability of the theoretical design and practicality of the fabricated directional coupler. Sources of test errors have been discussed in detail, and the influences of spurious modes on the directional couplers have been emphatically analyzed.
Global Heisenberg scaling in noisy and practical phase estimation
Authors: Hayashi Masahito , Liu Zi-Wen , Yuan Haidong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Heisenberg scaling characterizes the ultimate precision of parameter estimation enabled by quantum mechanics, which represents an important quantum advantage of both theoretical and technological interest. Here, we present a comprehensive and rigorous study of the attainability of strong, global notions of Heisenberg scaling (in contrast to the commonly studied local estimation based on e.g. quantum Fisher information) in the fundamental problem of quantum metrology, in noisy environments. As our first contribution, we formally define two useful notions of Heisenberg scaling in global estimation respectively based on the average estimation error and the limiting distribution of estimation error (which we highlight as a practically important figure of merit). A main result of this work is that for the standard phase damping noise, an O(n
−1) noise rate is a necessary and sufficient condition for attaining global Heisenberg scaling. We first prove that O(n
−1) is an upper bound on the noise rate for Heisenberg scaling to be possible, and then show by constructing a ‘robust’ estimation procedure that global Heisenberg scaling in both senses can indeed be achieved under Θ(n
−1) noise. In addition, we provide a practically more friendly adaptive protocol using only an one-qubit memory, which achieves global Heisenberg scaling in terms of limiting distribution as well under O(n
−1) noise.
Improvement of angular rotation measurement resolution and sensitivity based on an SU(1,1) interferometer with intensity sum detection
Authors: Wang Yuanxiang , Li ShuZhen , Hu Youyou , Zhang Mingming , Liu Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In order to realize the enhancement of angular rotation measurement sensitivity, a new scheme based on an SU(1,1) interferometer with intensity sum detection has been proposed. A coherent beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) enters into the SU(1,1) interferometer where the Dove prisms are inserted. By taking full advantage of the two outports and employing intensity sum detection, the angular rotation measurement sensitivity can be enhanced by higher gain, photon number and OAM. Meanwhile, resolution can be improved while the pump beam carries OAM. The angular rotation measurement sensitivity of the SU(1,1) interferometer can beat standard quantum limit

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), and it still can be optimal when photon depletion inside this interferometer is the same.
Too Sensitive or Just Right?: A Comparison of Two ALK Antibodies (D5F3 and ALK1) for Assessment of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Martin Dana , Smith Steven C , Chesney Alden , Jackson-Cook Colleen , Pillappa Raghavendra 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the performance of the rabbit monoclonal antihuman CD246 antibody (D5F3 clone) with the established ALK1 clone for immunohistochemical assessment of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).

Methods
Archival cases of ALCL (n = 27) were assessed immunohistochemically by use of ALK1 and D5F3 clones under standard Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments–compliant conditions. The intensity of cytoplasmic staining (0 = none; 1 = faint; 2 = moderate; 3+ = strong) and proportion of neoplastic cells (0%, &lt;5%, 5%-50%, &gt;50%) were evaluated and compared with clinical ALK break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays.

Results
Nine ALCL specimens were positive for ALK expression by ALK1 staining (33%; 1 = 1+; 0 = 2+; 8 = 3+), while 14 were positive by D5F3 staining (48%; 3 = 1+; 1 = 2+; 10 = 3+). Across the cohort, D5F3 staining showed a significantly greater proportion of cells staining positive (P = .02) and greater intensity (P = .03). Of 3 cases positive for D5F3 only with FISH results, none showed rearrangements, although 1 showed copy number gains at the ALK locus in a subset of cells.

Conclusions
Overall, D5F3 showed greater stain intensity and proportion staining than ALK1 in ALK-positive ALCL cases, which is especially helpful in limited samples. Caution and consideration of orthogonal ALK testing types is recommended, especially for cases with weak or focal staining.
Actual value in decision theory
Authors: Bacon Andrew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Decision theory is founded on the principle that we ought to take the action that has the maximum expected value from among actions we are in a position to take. But prior to the notion of expected value is the notion of the actual value of that action: roughly, a measure of the good outcomes you would in fact procure if you were to take it. Surprisingly many decision theories operate without an analysis of actual value. I offer a definition of actual value, and show that a form of decision theory due to Stalnaker can be reformulated so as to be in line with the edict to maximize expected value. By contrast, I show that there is no quantity — given by my definition or otherwise — that plays the role of actual value in Jeffrey's decision theory.
Split Inferior Pedicle: The 1-Stage Augmentation Mastopexy for Grade 3 Ptosis
Authors: Stamatiou Alexia , Stamatiou Christina , Stamatiou Vassilis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

In this article, the authors describe the 1-stage surgical technique that has been used by the senior author since 1990 for all his primary grade 2 and grade 3 augmentation-mastopexies. The article provides a safe, simple, and reproducible approach to a challenging procedure, one that tends to be the most litigious in aesthetic breast surgery. The key points of this technique are simple preoperative markings; the augmentation is performed with a true submuscular placement of smooth implants; and the mastopexy is performed with an inferior pedicle technique with unlimited skin flap undermining and no limitation of nipple elevation. Seventy-eight consecutive cases of augmentation mastopexy performed since 1999 by a single surgeon (V.S.) using the same technique were reviewed. The age range was 26-62 years old; the range of implant volume was 150-375 cc; and the follow-up time period was from 1 year to 22 years. After an extensive patient case review, the authors enforce true extended submuscular augmentation (TESMA) as a reliable augmentation technique that can be used as the first procedure in any grades 2 and 3 ptosis, 1-stage augmentation-mastopexies including bariatric cases. The authors believe that the split inferior pedicle for the mastopexy in combination with the TESMA is a breakthrough approach that eliminates the second stage for any augmentation mastopexy procedure. No major complications such as nipple necrosis, implant bottoming, malpositioning, or extrusions were observed. It is a safe, simple, and reproducible procedure.

Level of Evidence: 4
Mass spectrometry imaging reveals local metabolic changes in skeletal muscle due to chronic training
Authors: Goto-Inoue Naoko , Morisasa Mizuki , Kimura Keisuke , Mori Tsukasa , Furuichi Yasuro , Manabe Yasuko , Fujii Nobuharu L 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Muscle atrophy is a major health problem that needs effective prevention and treatment approaches. Chronic exercise, an effective treatment strategy for atrophy, promotes muscle hypertrophy, which leads to dynamic metabolic changes; however, the metabolic changes vary among myofiber types. To investigate local metabolic changes due to chronic exercise, we utilized comprehensive proteome and mass spectrometry (MS) imaging analyses. Our training model exhibited hypertrophic features only in glycolytic myofibers. The proteome analyses demonstrated that exercise promoted anabolic pathways, such as protein synthesis, and significant changes in lipid metabolism, but not in glucose metabolism. Furthermore, the fundamental energy sources, glycogen, neutral lipids, and ATP, were sensitive to exercise, and the changes in these sources differed between glycolytic and oxidative myofibers. MS imaging revealed that the lipid composition differs among myofibers; arachidonic acid might be an effective target for promoting lipid metabolism during muscle hypertrophy in oxidative myofibers.
Structure and biosynthesis of the ribosomal lipopeptide antibiotic albopeptins
Authors: Oikawa Hideaki , Mizunoue Yusuke , Nakamura Takemichi , Fukushi Eri , Yulu Jiang , Ozaki Taro , Minami Atsushi 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Albopeptins produced by Streptomyces albofaciens JC-82-120 were isolated as effective antibiotics for plant pathogenetic disease in 1986. However, their unusual physicochemical properties hampered the determination of their chemical structures. In this report, we describe our efforts to elucidate their structures. Initially, the structure of an unusual C13-fatty acid with an N-hydroxyguanidyl group was determined using degradation and chemical synthesis. After the linear portion of the octapeptide core was constructed based on the 2D-NMR data, the final assembly of the unusual structure, including the sulfoxide bridge, was achieved through the analysis of detailed NMR data. The proposed structure of albopeptin B was supported by MS/MS data, which also enabled us to determine the structure of 5 albopeptin family members. Bioinformatics analysis of the genomic data of the producer strain further led us to propose that their biosynthetic pathway is similar to the ribosomally derived lanthipeptides possessing a long-chain fatty acid.
RevUP: an online scoring system for regulatory variants implicated in rare diseases
Authors: Correard Solenne , Hewitson Brittany , van der Lee Robin , Wasserman Wyeth W 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSummaryTo address the difficulty in assessing the implication of regulatory variants in diseases, a scoring scheme previously published allows the calculation of the Regulatory Variant Evidence score (RVE-score). The score represents the accumulated evidence for a causative role of a regulatory variant in a disease. Regulatory Evidence for Variants Underlying Phenotypes was built to calculate the RVE-score of regulatory variants, based on the 24 criteria, with a hybrid approach combining information retrieved from public databases and user input.Availability and implementationRevUP is freely available at http://www.revup-classifier.ca. The source code is available at https://github.com/wassermanlab/revup.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.