bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of galaxy selection on the splashback boundaries of galaxy clusters
Authors: O’Neil Stephanie , Borrow Josh , Vogelsberger Mark , Diemer Benedikt 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWe explore how the splashback radius (Rsp) of galaxy clusters, measured using the number density of the subhalo population, changes based on various selection criteria using the IllustrisTNG cosmological galaxy formation simulation. We identify Rsp by extracting the steepest radial gradient in a stacked set of clusters in 0.5 dex wide mass bins, with our clusters having halo masses 1013 ≤ M200,mean/M⊙ ≤ 1015. We apply cuts in subhalo mass, galaxy stellar mass, i-band absolute magnitude, and specific star formation rate. We find that, generally, galaxies of increasing mass and luminosity trace smaller measured splashback radii relative to the intrinsic dark matter radius. We also show that quenched galaxies may be used to reliably reconstruct the dark matter splashback radius. This trend is likely due to changes in the galaxy population. Additionally, we are able to reconcile different observational predictions that Rsp based upon galaxy number counts and dark matter may either align or show significant offset (e.g. those using optically or SZ-selected clusters) through the selection functions that these studies employ. Finally, we demonstrate that changes in Rsp measured through number counts are not due to a simple change in galaxy abundance inside and outside of the cluster.
Effects on the local dark matter distribution due to the large magellanic cloud
Authors: Donaldson Katelin , Petersen Michael S , Peñarrubia Jorge 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We study the local dark matter distribution in two models for the Milky Way (MW)-Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) interaction. The effect of the LMC on the local dark matter distribution is dependent on the evolution of the MW-LMC system, such that a static model is insufficient to accurately model the dark matter velocity distribution in the solar neighbourhood. An evolved model boosts local LMC dark matter particle velocities by nearly 50 per cent, to a median value of ≈750 km s−1. MW dark matter particles also experience a velocity boost caused by disc reflex motion owing to the infall of the LMC. We study the implications of LMC particles in the solar neighbourhood for dark matter detection experiments. The directionality of LMC particles is distinguishable from the MW particles, with a difference in the apparent origin centroid location between the MW and LMC particles of 26 ± 6°. This unique identifier along with their high velocities can be utilized by directional detectors to search for dark matter particles originating in the LMC.
Guanine quadruplexes in the RNA genome of the tick-borne encephalitis virus: their role as a new antiviral target and in virus biology
Authors: Holoubek Jiří , Bednářová Klára , Haviernik Jan , Huvarová Ivana , Dvořáková Zuzana , Černý Jiří , Outlá Martina , Salát Jiří , Konkol'ová Eva , Boura Evzen , Růžek Daniel , Vorlíčková Michaela , Eyer Luděk , Renčiuk Daniel 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We have identified seven putative guanine quadruplexes (G4) in the RNA genome of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a flavivirus causing thousands of human infections and numerous deaths every year. The formation of G4s was confirmed by biophysical methods on synthetic oligonucleotides derived from the predicted TBEV sequences. TBEV-5, located at the NS4b/NS5 boundary and conserved among all known flaviviruses, was tested along with its mutated variants for interactions with a panel of known G4 ligands, for the ability to affect RNA synthesis by the flaviviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and for effects on TBEV replication fitness in cells. G4-stabilizing TBEV-5 mutations strongly inhibited RdRp RNA synthesis and exhibited substantially reduced replication fitness, different plaque morphology and increased sensitivity to G4-binding ligands in cell-based systems. In contrast, strongly destabilizing TBEV-5 G4 mutations caused rapid reversion to the wild-type genotype. Our results suggest that there is a threshold of stability for G4 sequences in the TBEV genome, with any deviation resulting in either dramatic changes in viral phenotype or a rapid return to this optimal level of G4 stability. The data indicate that G4s are critical elements for efficient TBEV replication and are suitable targets to tackle TBEV infection.
Microarray screening reveals two non-conventional SUMO-binding modules linked to DNA repair by non-homologous end-joining
Authors: Cabello-Lobato Maria Jose , Jenner Matthew , Cisneros-Aguirre Metztli , Brüninghoff Kira , Sandy Zac , da Costa Isabelle C , Jowitt Thomas A , Loch Christian M , Jackson Stephen P , Wu Qian , Mootz Henning D , Stark Jeremy M , Cliff Matthew J , Schmidt Christine K 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
SUMOylation is critical for numerous cellular signalling pathways, including the maintenance of genome integrity via the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). If misrepaired, DSBs can lead to cancer, neurodegeneration, immunodeficiency and premature ageing. Using systematic human proteome microarray screening combined with widely applicable carbene footprinting, genetic code expansion and high-resolution structural profiling, we define two non-conventional and topology-selective SUMO2-binding regions on XRCC4, a DNA repair protein important for DSB repair by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Mechanistically, the interaction of SUMO2 and XRCC4 is incompatible with XRCC4 binding to three other proteins important for NHEJ-mediated DSB repair. These findings are consistent with SUMO2 forming a redundant NHEJ layer with the potential to regulate different NHEJ complexes at distinct levels including, but not limited to, XRCC4 interactions with XLF, LIG4 and IFFO1. Regulation of NHEJ is not only relevant for carcinogenesis, but also for the design of precision anti-cancer medicines and the optimisation of CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing. In addition to providing molecular insights into NHEJ, this work uncovers a conserved SUMO-binding module and provides a rich resource on direct SUMO binders exploitable towards uncovering SUMOylation pathways in a wide array of cellular processes.
Developing a Virtual Equity Hub: Adapting the Tumor Board Model for Equity in Cancer Care
Authors: Irwin Kelly E , Ko Naomi , Walsh Elizabeth P , Decker Veronica , Arrillaga-Romany Isabel , Plotkin Scott R , Franas Jeffrey , Gorton Emily , Moy Beverly 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We define cancer equity as all people having as the same opportunity for cancer prevention, treatment, and survivorship care. However, marginalized populations continue to experience avoidable and unjust disparities in cancer care, access to clinical trials, and cancer survival. Racial and ethnic minorities, and individuals with low socioeconomic status, Medicaid insurance, limited health literacy, disabilities, and mental health disorders are more likely to experience delays to cancer diagnosis and less likely to receive guideline-concordant cancer care. These disparities are impacted by the social determinants of health including structural discrimination, racism, poverty, and inequities in access to healthcare and clinical trials. There is an urgent need to develop and adapt evidence-based interventions in collaboration with community partners that have potential to address the social determinants of health and build capacity for cancer care for underserved populations. We established the Virtual Equity Hub by developing a collaborative network connecting a comprehensive cancer center, academic safety net hospital, and community health centers and affiliates. The Virtual Equity Hub utilizes a virtual tumor board, an evidence-based approach that increases access to multi-specialty cancer care and oncology subspecialty expertise. We adapted the tumor board model by engaging person-centered teams of multi-disciplinary specialists across health systems, addressing the social determinants of health, and applying community-based research principles with a focus on populations with poor cancer survival. The virtual tumor board included monthly videoconferences, case discussion, sharing of expertise, and a focus on addressing barriers to care and trial participation. Specifically, we piloted virtual tumor boards for breast oncology, neuro-oncology, and individuals with cancer and serious mental illness. The Virtual Equity Hub demonstrated promise at building capacity for clinicians to care for patients with complex needs and addressing barriers to care. Research is needed to measure the impact, reach, and sustainability of virtual equity models for patients with cancer.
Believing in Belief: Gibbon, Latour and the Social History of Religion
Authors: Arnold John H 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
While in recent decades historians have, to some degree, engaged with anthropological debates over the nature of ‘religion’, they have tended still to take the key term ‘belief’ somewhat for granted. This article suggests that we have inherited an Enlightenment legacy of thought on ‘belief’ that tends to treat it as credulity when applied to the general masses (taking Edward Gibbon as an important exemplar of that legacy). More recently, the theorist Bruno Latour has written about belief in terms of J. L. Austin’s speech-act theory, a useful theoretical move, despite the fact that Latour himself in some ways mirrors Gibbon’s perspective, particularly as it applies to the pre-modern. Using a range of examples to discuss change over time, via a case study of southern France about 1000 to 1300, this article argues that social historians may find it useful to consider these issues in terms of performative ‘belief acts’, where the contextual setting — the ‘conditions of felicity’, to use Latour’s and Austin’s phrase — are amenable to historical analysis.
Constructing approximate shell-model wavefunctions by eigenvector continuation
Authors: Yoshida Sota , Shimizu Noritaka 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Shell-model calculations play a key role in elucidating various properties of nuclei. In general, those studies require a huge number of calculations to be repeated for parameter calibration and quantifying uncertainties. To reduce the computational burden, we propose a new workflow of shell-model calculations using a method called eigenvector continuation (EC). It enables us to efficiently approximate the eigenpairs under a given Hamiltonian by previously sampled eigenvectors. We demonstrate the validity of EC as an emulator of the valence shell-model, including first application of EC to electromagnetic transition matrix elements. Furthermore, we propose a new usage of EC: preprocessing, in which we start the Lanczos iterations from the approximate eigenvectors, and demonstrate that this can accelerate subsequent research cycles. With the aid of the EC, the eigenvectors obtained during the parameter optimization are not necessarily to be discarded, even if their eigenvalues are far from the experimental data. Those eigenvectors can become accumulated knowledge.
The Goldbach Conjecture With Summands In Arithmetic Progressions
Authors: Salmensuu Juho 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We prove that, for almost all $r \leq N^{1/2}/\log^{O(1)}N$, for any given $b_1 \ (\mathrm{mod}\ r)$ with $(b_1, r) = 1$, and for almost all $b_2 \ (\mathrm{mod}\ r)$ with $(b_2, r) = 1$, we have that almost all natural numbers $2n \leq N$ with $2n \equiv b_1 + b_2 \ (\mathrm{mod}\ r)$ can be written as the sum of two prime numbers $2n = p_1 + p_2$, where $p_1 \equiv b_1 \ (\mathrm{mod}\ r)$ and $p_2 \equiv b_2 \ (\mathrm{mod}\ r)$. This improves the previous result which required $r \leq N^{1/3}/\log^{O(1)}N$ instead of $r \leq N^{1/2}/\log^{O(1)}N$. We also improve some other results concerning variations of the problem.
Advertising Arbitrage
Authors: Kovbasyuk Sergey , Pagano Marco 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
An arbitrageur with short investment horizon gains from accelerating price discovery by advertising his private information. However, advertising many assets may overload investors’ attention, reducing the number of informed traders per asset, and slowing price discovery. So the arbitrageur optimally concentrates advertising on just a few assets, unless his trades have significant price impact. The arbitrageur’s gain from advertising is increasing in the assets’ mispricing and in the precision of his private information, and is decreasing in its complexity. If several arbitrageurs have private information, inefficient equilibria can arise, where substantial mispricing persists or investors’ attention is overloaded.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES AT THE IES ON THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC LOW DOSE-RATE RADIATION EXPOSURE IN MICE
Authors: Tanaka Ignacia Braga 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Research in the Department of Radiobiology at the Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES) has focused mainly on the biological effects of long-term low dose-rate radiation exposure on mice since its establishment 30 y ago. The IES has exposed thousands of mice of various strains, to gamma-rays, mostly chronically, at low dose-rates of 0.05, 1, 20 or 100 mGy/d, at medium dose-rates of 200 or 400 mGy/d or at acute high dose-rates of 0.7–0.9 Gy/min. The dose-rate 0.05 mGy/d is comparable with the dose limit for radiation workers of 100 mSv/5 y. The results will be presented based on the parameters examined at various endpoints such as life span, neoplasm (cancer incidence), chromosome aberrations frequencies, alterations in mRNA levels, tumour transplantability and developmental abnormalities after in utero exposures. The results from research collaborations with universities and institutions both domestic (within Japan) and international will be presented. Lastly, an outline of experiments (e.g. juvenile exposure, low dose tritium exposures) and projects (e.g. radiobiology archives) currently in progress and future research perspectives will be described.
The Susceptibility of Legal Institutions: “Texts” and Contexts of the Transplanted IP Laws in China
Authors: He Qiaoling 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Previous studies often attribute the poor enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPR) law in non-Western countries to environmental constraints, including social, political, or cultural factors. This article tries to reorient our focus to two intrinsic characteristics of legal rights appertaining to their social forms: the intangibility of the constructed legal object and the scope of contradictions among legal subjects. Based on 85 in-depth interviews from six IP-intensive industries in China, I propose a theoretical framework for combining the “textual” and contextual dimensions of studying legal transplants – the susceptibility of law. I argue that the intrinsic qualities of the IP legal concept imply a sizable gray space, making it difficult to interpret, hard to enforce, and thus more susceptible to specific contextual influences. The country-level contextual environment does not provide adequate technique, legitimacy, and experience to effectively enforce IPRs in general, yet some industries may benefit from a set of sub-contexts that provide compensatory support through product-embedded standardizations or network-embedded norms. Although these sub-contexts are not enough to produce a robust IPR regime as in the West, they do generate pockets of effectiveness, allowing industries to muddle through and profit, and an otherwise foreign institution gradually to take root.
Mechanism of kidney injury induced by cisplatin
Authors: Huang Guochen , Zhang Qian , Xu Chunming , Chen Long , Zhang Hongxia 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Cisplatin is a common metal platinum complex. The platinum atom in the molecule is of great significance to its antitumor effect. Clinically, it can show curative effect on a variety of solid tumors. However, cisplatin has certain adverse effects in treatment, one among which is acute renal injury (AKI). Except for the nuclear DNA damage caused by cisplatin, damage of organelles, and cytoplasm also contribute to side effects. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial apoptosis pathway or cascade reaction caused by complement and caspase protein also play important roles in cisplatin induced renal injury. Therefore, the damage studies of organelles and cytoplasm are also necessary for exploring adverse effects of cisplatin. This paper reviews the damage of endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and indirect DNA apoptosis pathways induced by cisplatin. It also explains in detail why cisplatin is easy to cause kidney damage. Deep understanding of such interactions could be helpful to exploit better drugs which would minimize kidney injury and maximize anti-tumor effects of cisplatin.
Worldwide Population Structure of the Coffee Rust Fungus Hemileia vastatrix Is Strongly Shaped by Local Adaptation and Breeding History
Authors: Rodrigues Ana Sofia B. , Silva Diogo Nuno , Várzea Vitor , Paulo Octávio S. , Batista Dora 
Published: March 2022

The devastating disease coffee leaf rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix, has been a major constraint to worldwide coffee production. Recently, H. vastatrix populations were shown to be structured into three divergent genetic lineages with marked host specialization (C1, C2, and C3). However, there is yet no overall understanding of the population dynamics and adaptation of the most widespread and epidemiological relevant H. vastatrix group (C3). We used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing to generate 13,804 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across a worldwide collection of 99 H. vastatrix isolates. Phylogenetic analyses uncovered a well-supported structuring within C3, with three main subgroups (SGs; SGI, SGII, and SGIII), which seem to reflect the historical distribution, breeding, and exchange of coffee cultivars. SGI shows a ladder-like diversification pattern and occurs across all four continents sampled, SGII is mainly restricted to Africa, and SGIII is observed only in Timor, revealing a higher genetic differentiation. Outlier and association tests globally identified 112 SNPs under putative positive selection, which impacted population structure. In particular, 29 overlapping SNPs per se seemed to have an extremely strong effect on H. vastatrix population divergence. We also found exclusive and fixed alleles associated with the SGs supporting local adaptation. Functional annotation revealed that transposable elements may play a role in host adaptation. Our study provides a higher-resolution perspective on the evolutionary history of H. vastatrix on cultivated coffee, showing its strong ability to adapt and the strength of the selective force imposed by coffee hosts, which should be taken into account when designing strategies for pathogen dissemination control and selective breeding.
Immediate Breast Reconstruction in an 11-year-old Girl with a Large Malignant Phyllodes Tumor
Authors: Serhan Karolina A. , Kemp Tamara L. 
Published: March 2022

Summary:
Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial breast tumors representing less than 1% of all breast malignancies, with an extremely uncommon presence in the pediatric population.
1
Although prognosis is favorable following excision given their indolent course, they often grow rapidly and frequently recur. As such, they can present unique oncologic and reconstructive challenges. Herein we present a case of a malignant phyllodes tumor in an 11-year-old girl treated with total skin-sparing mastectomy and adjustable saline implant, and explore the reconstructive challenges of this unique case.
MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF BILATERAL IDIOPATHIC MULTIFOCAL RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL DETACHMENTS IN YOUNG PATIENTS
Authors: Alhumaid Sulaiman , Ashkenazy Noy , Hudson Julia L. , Berrocal Audina M. , Flynn Harry W. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to describe two cases of multiple epithelial detachments (pigment epithelial detachments [PEDs]) occurring in otherwise young, healthy patients.

Methods:
The medical and imaging records of two cases were reviewed retrospectively.

Results:
Multiple serous nonvascularized PEDs were present in two young, healthy patients who underwent multimodal imaging. The first patient, a 38-year-old woman, was incidentally found to have a visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes and multiple bilateral PEDs. Imaging and a systemic work-up was negative for secondary causes, and at 36 months, vision remained stable although some of the PEDs had coalesced. The second patient, a 32-year-old woman, presented with distortion and perceived scotomas in both eyes progressive over the course of 2 years. The visual acuity was 20/20, and multimodal imaging confirmed the presence of bilateral PEDs.

Conclusion:
Bilateral idiopathic multifocal retinal PEDs in otherwise healthy young adults is a rare condition. Longer term follow-up is needed to evaluate secondary complications and visual outcomes.
Rapid Office-Based Diagnosis of Demodex Using an Innovative Smartphone-Aided Intraocular Lens Tool
Authors: Gosalia Hirika , Chandrakanth Prithvi , Verghese Shishir , Rammohan Ram , Narendran Kalpana , Narendran Venkatapathy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract:
Demodex is an important pathogen causing eyelid and eyelash diseases. This article describes a quick, efficient, cost-effective office-based imaging of demodex with the help of an intraocular lens (IOL) and smartphone-aided innovated tool. Eyelid photography of a 56-year-old man with suspected demodex infestation was obtained using a 20-diopter (D) IOL over the smartphone camera called as Anterior Segment Photography using IOL (ASPI). A video or photograph of the epilated eyelash was taken using four 30-D IOLs attached to the smartphone camera to form an optical system called IOLSCOPE, which clearly detected the demodex parasite. The importance of ASPI and IOLSCOPE for the rapid office-based diagnosis of demodex pathogen in peripheral health centers devoid of slitlamp and microscopes has been emphasized here.
Experiences of Treatment With Contact Lenses in Aphakic Children With Unilateral Congenital Cataract: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kooshki Abdolreza M. , Kooshki Ashkan M. , Yaseri Mehdi , Nouri Leila , Alipour Fateme 
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives:
Congenital cataract is a condition compromising the eye's crystalline lens in infants and is usually diagnosed at birth. It can lead to irreversible vision loss if not promptly detected and treated, especially in unilateral cases. Nowadays, children with congenital cataracts can undergo surgical removal of their opacified crystalline lenses, and visual rehabilitation is mandatory to prevent deep amblyopia. Contact lenses, predominantly of rigid gas-permeable (GP) type, are gaining more popularity for this matter.

Method:
In this retrospective cohort study, unilateral aphakic children younger than 6 years referred to the Contact Lens Clinic at Farabi Eye Hospital from November 2011 to September 2019 were included.

Results:
Seventy-six unilateral aphakic children with congenital cataracts (57.9% boys and 42.1% girls) rehabilitated with GP were studied. The mean age of diagnosis and referral to the contact lens clinic were 20.0±19.8 and 32.0±24.4 weeks, respectively, while the mean follow-up time was 12.44±26.28 months. The mean visual acuity for children capable of cooperating at the last follow-up was 0.98±0.62 log MAR. Among the participants, eight children (9.7%) were diagnosed as glaucoma suspects. The mean initial base curve and power of GP lenses were 7.86±0.39 mm and 23.29±5.52 diopters, respectively. Only 21 parents (27.6%) reported nonadherence to the scheduled part-time patch program.

Conclusion:
The results of this study showed GP-based optical treatment after early diagnosis, surgical removal of congenital cataracts, and a long-term close follow-up to be well tolerated by children and their parents, with acceptable parents' compliance and can thus be introduced as a safe and effective method to achieve desirable visual outcomes.