bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mooring System Design for Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Working in Intermediate Water
Authors: He Zhen , Chuang Zhenju , Li Chunzheng , Zhang Aobo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In China, most of the offshore wind turbine farms are located in the water depth between 30–60 meters. It is a big challenge for positioning mooring system designed for floating wind turbine in such intermediate water. Research work is carried out for mooring system design for an integrated 15MW semi-submersible floating wind turbine working under 60 meters water depth. Mooring system is designed by testing a series of line length, buoys and clump weight impacts. Fully coupled time domain simulations are carried out to investigate dynamic response of the system under different sea loads. Motions and mooring tension of the platform are compared under the same working condition to investigate the rationality and efficiency of the mooring system design. The research results show that mooring line length shall be at least ten-times of water depth to realize proper positioning control. Clump weight and buoys play an effective role to change the catenary shape. The axial force of mooring lines and the motion response under various working conditions are tested by displaying different designs of buoys and clump weights. This study provides a good reference for the future development of the floating wind turbines industry in intermediate waters.
Minimizing Cost in a 100% Renewable Electricity Grid: A Case Study of Wave Energy in California
Authors: Coe Ryan G. , Lavidas George , Bacelli Giorgio , Kobos Peter H. , Neary Vincent S. 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Wave energy converters have yet to reach broad market viability. Traditionally, levelized cost of energy has been considered the ultimate stage gate through which wave energy developers must pass in order to find success (i.e., the levelized cost of wave energy must be less than that of solar and wind). However, real world energy decisions are not based solely on levelized cost of energy. In this study, we consider the energy mix in California in the year 2045, upon which the state plans to achieve zero carbon energy production. By considering temporal electricity production and consumption, we are able to perform a more informed analysis of the decision process to address this challenge. The results show that, due to high level of ocean wave energy in the winter months, wave energy provides a valuable complement to solar and wind, which have higher production in the summer. Thus, based on this complementary temporal aspect, wave energy appears cost-effective, even when the cost of installation and maintenance is twice that of solar and wind.
Validation Study of a CFD Numerical Solver for the Oscillatory Flow Features Around Heave Plates
Authors: Han Seung-yoon , Bouscasse Benjamin , Gilloteaux Jean-Christophe , Le Touzé David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this study, we present a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver based on OpenFOAM and dedicated to the obtention of the hydrodynamic loads. Considering a single circular cylinder with a heave plate of HiPRWind platform undergoing forced heave oscillation motions, we compare our numerical results to experimental results. Several alternatives to the numerical modelling are discussed with respect to the turbulence models and the spatial resolution. The vorticity fields in the fluid domain are compared to the experimental results obtained by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) methods presented by Anglada et al. (2020). We calculate the hydrodynamic loads on the cylinder with the heave plate and compare them with the experimental results previously published by Bezunartea et al. (2020).
Preliminary Investigation of a Shared Mooring Arrangement for a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Farm in Deep Water
Authors: Wang Yutao , Wolgamot Hugh , Watson Phillip , Gaudin Christophe , Zhao Wenhua , Milne Ian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In recent years, floating wind has been attracting increasing attention due to its ability to be deployed in greater water depths, which are usually associated with higher wind energy. At present, floating wind technology is more expensive than fixed offshore wind, with higher cost being driven by challenges such as the extended length of mooring lines, installation of anchors in deep water etc. For floating wind to become more competitive it will be necessary to devise methods that are able to bring down the overall cost by addressing areas such as these.
This paper presents a relatively novel concept that may help reduce the capital cost by using an arrangement of ‘shared mooring lines’. This arrangement is able to significantly reduce the number of anchors used in a windfarm, compared to the current common industry practice of using 3 mooring lines to moor each individual turbine, by connecting some of the turbines to their neighbours, rather than the seabed. Furthermore, this study aims to address a scenario in which shared mooring lines are expected to be more favourable, i.e. deep water (1000 m) and large (10 MW) turbines.
This numerical study provides some insights to a cost-saving mooring concept for a FOWT wind farm, by investigating loads in mooring lines and anchors, as well as relative displacement of the FOWTs in the windfarm. The cost saving is roughly estimated in terms of number of anchors and length of mooring line saved — serving as preliminary guidance for shared mooring line arrangements to be applied on larger windfarms or other geometric layouts (e.g. staggered rectangular array or hexagonally shared mooring connection).
Mitigating Force Oscillations in a Wave Energy Converter Using Control Barrier Functions
Authors: Marley Mathias , Skjetne Roger 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Control barrier functions (CBFs) is a novel feedback control strategy for enforcing safety constraints of mechanical systems. An appealing feature of the CBF method is that the safety objective is defined and enforced independent of the underlying control objective. This enables the merging of CBF-based control with any existing nominal control strategy, by imposing the safety objective as input constraints in a convex optimization problem. CBFs are gaining popularity in the robotics community, in particular for motion control of autonomous vehicles. Yet, limited use of CBFs for mechanical devices such as wave energy converters (WECs) are reported in literature. This paper motivates the use of CBF-based control for constraint satisfaction of WECs, using the Bolt Lifesaver point absorber WEC developed by Fred. Olsen Ltd. as a case study. During initial sea trials of Bolt Lifesaver, large force oscillations were observed in the power take-off unit. The source of oscillations was identified as sudden saturation of the actuator force provided by the generator. Mitigating the undesired response using conventional feedback control is non-trivial, since any such control strategy will attempt to cancel inertia forces, resulting in a reduced stability margin of the system. Using higher order CBF theory, we design a robust controller that ensures safe operation of the device, while minimally interfering with the existing control law optimized for power output. The theoretical results are verified by numerical simulations.
Management of aneurysmal recurrence after Woven EndoBridge (WEB) treatment
Authors: Caroff Jildaz , Janot Kevin , Soize Sebastien , Marnat Gaultier , Cortese Jonathan , Mihalea Cristian , Popescu Septimiu Daniel , Ikka Léon , Chalumeau Vanessa , Gallas Sophie , Ozanne Augustin , Eltantawy Eman , Grimaldi Lamiae , Barreau Xavier , Herbreteau Denis , Pierot Laurent , Spelle Laurent 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundAround 10% of Woven EndoBridge device (WEB)-treated intracranial aneurysms will need retreatment, and it is generally believed to be more challenging than retreatment after an initial coiling. We aim to report retreatment strategies and outcomes after initial WEB embolizations.MethodsDatabases from four treatment centers, containing consecutive aneurysms treated with a WEB between 2013 and 2022, were reviewed. Demographics, aneurysm characteristics, retreatment strategies and outcomes were collected and analyzed.ResultsFrom a 756 WEB database, 57 aneurysms were included. The global retreatment rate was 7.5% (95% CI 5.6% to 9.4%). The retreatment rate was significantly higher in the ruptured compared with the unruptured population (13% vs 3.9%, respectively, P<0.0001). Aneurysms were retreated on average 21.2 months after the initial WEB treatment (range 4.8–70 months). Surgery was performed in 11% and endovascular treatment in 89% of cases, consisting of flow diversion (48%), stent-assisted coiling (30%), coiling (12%), and second WEB placement (10%). Imaging follow-up was available in 88% of all WEB retreatments (50/57) (average 17 months, 49% digital subtraction angiography), demonstrating complete occlusion in 56% and ‘adequate’ occlusion in 88%. Morbidity was 5.3% (95% CI 0% to 12.0%) and mortality 0%. No patient experienced rebleeding during the follow-up period.ConclusionThe retreatment rate after an initial WEB treatment seems to compare favorably with that of coiling. Endovascular treatment of recurrence following WEB implantation is feasible in most situations; it generally requires the use of a stent and leads to a high rate of satisfactory occlusion.
Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds versus conventional drug-eluting stents across time: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Jackson-Smith Elliot , Zioupos Stephanie , Banerjee Prithwish 
Published: October 2022

BackgroundBioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) were designed to reduce the rate of late adverse events observed in conventional drug-eluting stents (DES) by dissolving once they have restored lasting patency.ObjectivesCompare the safety and efficacy of BVS versus DES in patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary artery disease across a complete range of randomised controlled trial (RCT) follow-up intervals.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from inception through 5 January 2022 for RCTs comparing the clinical outcomes of BVS versus DES. The primary safety outcome was stent/scaffold thrombosis (ST), and the primary efficacy outcome was target lesion failure (TLF: composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI) and ischaemia-driven target lesion revascularisation (ID-TLR)). Secondary outcomes were patient-oriented composite endpoint (combining all-death, all-MI and all-revascularisation), its individual components and those of TLF. Studies were appraised using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan V.5.4.Results11 919 patients were randomised to receive either BVS (n=6438) or DES (n=5481) across 17 trials (differing follow-up intervals from 3 months to 5 years). BVS demonstrated increased risk of ST across all timepoints (peaking at 2 years with risk ratio (RR): 3.47; 95% CI 1.80 to 6.70; p=0.0002). Similarly, they showed increased risk of TLF (peaking at 3 years, RR: 1.35; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.70; p=0.01) resulting from high rates of TVMI and ID-TLR. Though improvements were observed after device dissolution (5-year follow-up), these were non-significant. All other outcomes were statistically equivalent. Applicability to all BVS is limited by 91% of the BVS group receiving Abbott’s Absorb.ConclusionThis meta-analysis demonstrates that current BVS are inferior to contemporary DES throughout the first 5 years at minimum.
Safety and efficacy of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase I/II trial
Authors: Wang Huijing , Li Ting , Sun Fangfang , Liu Zhe , Zhang Danting , Teng Xiangyu , Morel Laurence , Wang Xiaodong , Ye Shuang 
Published: October 2022

ObjectiveSodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have been identified profound renal/cardiac protective effects in different diseases. Here, we assessed the safety and efficacy of dapagliflozin among adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsWe conducted a single-arm, open-label, investigator-initiated phase I/II trial of dapagliflozin in Chinese patients with SLE with/without lupus nephritis (LN). Patients received oral dapagliflozin at a daily dose of 10 mg added to the standard of care for 6 months. The primary end point was the safety profile. The secondary efficacy end points were composite assessments of disease activity.ResultsA total of 38 eligible patients were enrolled. Overall, 19 (50%) adverse events (AEs) were recorded, including 8 (21%) AEs leading to drug discontinuation, of which 4 (10.5%) were attributed to dapagliflozin. Two serious AEs (one of major lupus flare and one of fungal pneumonia) were recorded. Lower urinary tract infection was observed in one (2.63%) patient. The secondary end points revealed no improvement of SLE Disease Activity Index scores or proteinuria (among 17 patients with LN); the cumulative lupus flare rate was 18%, and a reduction of ~30% in the prednisone dose was captured. Net changes in body mass index (−0.50 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (−3.94 mm Hg) and haemoglobin levels (+8.26 g/L) were detected. The overall estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was stable, and there was an improvement in the eGFR slope among patients with LN with a baseline eGFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2.ConclusionDapagliflozin had an acceptable safety profile in adult patients with SLE. Its possible renal/cardiac protective effects and long-term safety issues in patients with SLE, patients with LN in particular, call for further exploration.Trial registration numberChiCTR1800015030.
Relieving Pressure on the Emergency Department with a New Treatment Pathway for Hand Trauma Patients – A Three-Year Experience with 15,539 Patients
Authors: HALLE-SMITH James M. , BAGE Timothy , CHESTER Darren , MALONE Paul ASC , FOSTER Mark A. 
Published: October 2022

Background: Hand injuries are a significant and rising burden on the Emergency Department (ED), often leading to protracted waiting times for patients awaiting specialist input. To combat this, a new treatment pathway for hand trauma was introduced at our institution to reduce waiting times and pressure on the ED. Methods: The treatment pathway performance using waiting times, length of stay and cost metrics was measured prior to and following the introduction of a new treatment pathway. Results: There were 15,539 patients reviewed in total. After the new pathway had been introduced, the number of assessments in ED significantly reduced (Year 1: 907 [19.9%] vs. Year 2: 422 [7.9%]; p < 0.001), and the proportion of patients who had an operation on the same day that they were assessed significantly increased (69 [1.5%] vs. 403 [7.5%] patients; p < 0.001). The median waiting time from assessment to operation and length of stay also significantly reduced following the introduction of the treatment pathway (Year 1: 53 hours and Year 2: 45 hours; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our data over 3 years shows that these changes have been maintained and, in some cases, have continued to improve since the introduction of the new treatment pathway. We advocate the use of such an approach for all hand trauma centres worldwide to replicate these improvements in patient care. Level of Evidence: Level III
Biopsies from the Distal Radius after Implantation of Calcium Phosphate Cement
Authors: WINGE Mona I. , JOHANSSON Carina B. , RØKKUM Magne 
Published: October 2022

Background: Calcium Phosphate (CaP) bone cement is gradually replaced by new bone when used as a gap-filler. Details of the re-modelling process are still unclear. Uncertainty is also present as to the possible release of cement particles during the resorption phase causing local soft tissue reactions. The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive histological investigation of the injectable CaP bone cement used as a void filler in corrective radius osteotomies and adjacent tissue reactions. Methods: Fourteen patients, median age 56 years (18–72), 4 men/10 women, underwent removal of distal radius plates (11 dorsal/3 volar) due to tenosynovitis-like symptoms. Eleven study patients went through corrective osteotomies with CaP bone cement and three were control patients. Previous surgery in three controls consisted in (1) corrective osteotomy with bone graft (dorsal plate), and (2) plated distal radius fractures (1 dorsal/1 volar plate). Biopsies were taken of bone-cement-bone junctions (11), bone-bone graft-bone junctions (1), bone (2) and juxtaposing soft tissue (14). The interval from corrective CaP cement surgery to biopsy was median 1.1 (0.6–2.3) years. Results: Biopsies of bone-cement junctions showed the different stages of new bone formation from CaP to immature bone and later mature well-organised bone. The cement showed signs of osteoclast-mediated resorption. Cement particles, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells (MNGC) and plasma cells were observed in most soft tissue biopsies. MNGC with internalised particles were seen. Macrophages were found along and/or within tendon sheaths in all patients in both groups, but rarely containing cement particles. Conclusions: Gradual re-modelling of the cement into well-organised bone was observed confirming osteoclast–osteoblast coupling. There was no indication that cement particles were the cause of the tenosynovitis-like symptoms.
An Analysis of the Structures at Risk from Percutaneous Pinning of Distal Radius Fractures and a Comparison of Two Pinning Techniques: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: KAMBLE Prashant , PRABHAKAR Akil S. , MOHANTY Shubhranshu S. , PRABHU Rudra M. , KENY Swapnil , PANCHAL Sameer 
Published: October 2022

Background: A stab incision and blunt dissection prior to wire placement are believed to decrease the risk of injury to underlying structures during percutaneous pinning of distal radius fractures (DRF). However, only a few studies have compared stab incision and blunt dissection to direct wire placement. The aim of this cadaveric study is to analyse the structures at risk during percutaneous pinning of DRF and compare the two methods of wire placement. Methods: A total of 10 cadavers (20 upper limbs) were divided into two groups of five each. Five 2.0 mm Kirschner (K)-wires were inserted into the distal radius under fluoroscopic control in a standard fashion to simulate percutaneous pinning of DRF. In group 1, the K-wires were inserted directly, whereas in group 2, the wires were inserted after making a stab incision and blunt dissection to reach the bone. Each cadaveric limb was then dissected carefully to measure the distance of the K-wires from the branches of the superficial radial nerve (SRN), the cephalic vein and the first dorsal compartment and to determine the structures injured (pierced or in close contact) by the K-wires. Results: Out of the 100 K-wires placed, 18 wires were in close contact or pierced an underlying structure. These included 11 wires injuring tendons, six wires injuring branches of the SRN and one wire injuring the cephalic vein. Direct wire placement (group 1) resulted in injury to eight structures (44.4%) while stab incision and blunt dissection prior to wire placement (group 2) resulted in injury to 10 structures (55.5%). This difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Percutaneous pinning of DRF is associated with a high risk of injury to the extensor tendons and branches of the SRN. This risk is not reduced by making a stab incision and blunt dissection prior to K-wire placement.
Environmental factors affecting water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) assemblage in streams, Mangde Chhu basin, central Bhutan
Authors: Gurung Mer Man , Dorji Cheten , B. Gurung Dhan , Smit Harry 
Published: October 2022

Water mites were sampled from 15 tributary streams of Mangde Chhu river in Zhemgang and Trongsa districts, Central Bhutan in pre-monsoon (April–May) and post-monsoon (October–November) of 2021. A total of 802 individuals were collected belonging to seven families and 15 genera. The accumulation curve suggests that the sampling efforts were adequate to give a proper overview of genera composition for elevations 500–2,700 m. Eleven genera—Aturus, Kongsbergia, Woolastookia, Atractides, Hygrobates, Lebertia, Piona, Sperchonopsis, Monatractides, Pseudotorrenticola and Testudacarus—and five families—Aturidae, Hygrobatidae, Lebertiidae, Pionidae, and Protziinae—are new records for Bhutan. Independent sample t-tests of genera richness (t, (26) = 0.244, p = 0.809); genera evenness (t, (26) = 0.735, p = 0.469); Shannon diversity index (t, (26) = 0.315, p = 0.755) and dominance (t, (26) = -0.335, p = 0.741) showed no significant differences between pre- and post-monsoon assemblages. Species abundance was also not significantly different (t, (28) = -0.976, p = 0.330). Principal component analysis indicated that the diversity of water mites is negatively associated with several environmental variables including chloride (r = -0.617), ammonia (r = -0.603), magnesium hardness (r = -0.649), total hardness (r = -0.509), temperature (r = -0.556), salinity (r = -0.553), total dissolved solids (r = -0.509) and electrical conductivity (r = -0.464). Diversity was positively correlated with altitude, mainly caused by the higher Palaearctic genera diversity. Similarly, Pearson’s correlation test showed that there was significant negative correlation between mite abundance and the water physio-chemical parameters salinity (r = -0.574, p = 0.032), electrical conductivity (r = -0.536, p = 0.048), total dissolved solids (r = -0.534, p = 0.049), total hardness (r = -0.621, p = 0.018), and chloride concentration (r = -0.545, p = 0.036), indicating sensitivity of water mites to pollution.
Impact of Vitamin D3 Versus Placebo on Cardiac Structure and Function: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Chandra Alvin , Picard Michael H. , Huang Shi , Gupta Deepak K. , Agusala Kartik , Buring Julie E. , Lee I‐Min , Cook Nancy R. , Manson JoAnn E. , Thadhani Ravi I. , Wang Thomas J. 
Published: October 2022

Background
Vitamin D supplementation leads to regression of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and improves LV function in animal models. However, limited data exist from prospective human studies. We examined whether vitamin D supplementation improved cardiac structure and function in midlife/older individuals in a large randomized trial.

Methods and Results

The VITAL (Vitamin D and OmegA‐3 Trial) was a nationwide double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomized trial that tested the effects of vitamin D3 (2000 IU/d) and n−3 fatty acids (1 g/d) on cardiovascular and cancer risk in 25 871 individuals aged ≥50 years. We conducted a substudy of VITAL in which participants underwent echocardiography at baseline and 2 years. Images were interpreted by a blinded investigator at a central core laboratory. The primary end point was change in LV mass. Among 1054 Greater Boston–area participants attending in‐clinic visits, we enrolled 1025 into this study. Seventy‐nine percent returned for follow‐up and had analyzable echocardiograms at both visits. At baseline, the median age was 64 years (interquartile range, 60–69 years), 52% were men, and 43% had hypertension. After 2 years, the change in LV mass did not significantly differ between the vitamin D and placebo arms (median +1.4 g versus +2.6 g, respectively;
P
=0.32). Changes in systolic and diastolic LV function also did not differ significantly between arms. There were no significant changes in cardiac structure and function between the n−3 fatty acids and placebo arms.

Conclusions
Among adults aged ≥50 years, neither vitamin D3 nor n−3 fatty acids supplementation had significant effects on cardiac structure and function after 2 years.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/
; Unique identifiers: NCT01169259 (VITAL) and NCT01630213 (VITAL‐Echo)