bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Simulation of Typhoid Fever Transmission in Yobe State
Authors: Modu Babagana , Wakil Sheriff , Madaki Umar Y. , Mabu Audu M. 
Published: April 2022

Aims / Objectives: Typhoid fever is a threat to human race and perhaps not much research is conducted towards mitigating it menace in Yobe State. A classical epidemic model SIR is deployed into GLEaMviz software to simulate typhoid spread and spatially analysed the trend.
Study Design: Computational modeling and simulation.
Place and Duration of Study: Computational Laboratory, Department of Mathematics and Statistics Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria. The duration of the study is between May 2021 and December 2021.
Methodology: SIR epidemic model was used to simulate typhoid spread and time series model was explored to investigate the disease trend.
Results: The model predicts mild seasonal fluctuations in the trend which coincides with rainy season. The agents causing the disease transmission is possibly being transported through flowing water.
Conclusion: A mild seasonality is present in the fluctuations of the trend of typhoid, hence the pattern shows strong evidence of perennial tendency with likelihood of high cases during rainy season. Further work is needed to validate this findings by using real data.
Gene Expression Endpoints Following Subchronic Thiamethoxam Exposure in Adult Male Rabbits
Authors: R. Elsawasany Ahmed , A. Deltsov Alexander , S. El Okle Osama , I. El Euony Omnia , V. Pozyabin Sergey , S. Ostrenko Konstantin 
Published: April 2022

Aim: to investigate the sub chronic toxicity of thiamethoxam on some parameters of reproductive performance in adult male rabbits including gene expression of LDH-C4, FSHβ and LHβ and GnRHR.
Method: sixteen adult male Chinchilla rabbits were divided into two equal groups. Animals in the first group were treated orally with TMX at dose of 250 mg/kg body weight for 90 days. The second group was served as control.
Result: Obtained results showed that TMX increased the relative weight of some reproductive organs including testis and prostate. Hormonal analysis revealed that, TMX induced a significant elevation in the serum testosterone level, while the concentrations of FSH and LH hormones did not exhibit any alterations between treated and control groups. In addition, LDH-C4, FSHβ and LHβ and GnRHR genes were down regulated in TMX treated group.
Conclusion: Administration of thiamethoxam for 90 days in male rabbits induced a noticeable adverse effect on serum testosterone level and down regulated genes related to male rabbit reproductive performance.
Impact of Biochar Application on the Chemical Properties of Acidic and Neutral Soil
Authors: Haseena K. , Balehonnur Fasiha , Verma Rinku , Prasanna K. T. 
Published: April 2022

Charcoal produced from plant matter and stored in the soil as a means of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The purpose of this research was to study the impact of biochar application on soil pH and chemical properties in both acidic and neutral soils. Three types of biochar were used in a greenhouse experiment: 1) red gram straw biochar produced at 400°C, 2) pongamia fruit husk biochar produced at 500°C, 3) Calophyllum fruit husk biochar produced at 500°C, and a control in which neither of the biochar was used. Each treatment was applied with four levels of 4t/ha,8t/ha.12t/ha and 16t/ha biochars. Each treatment was replicated five times and whole experiment set up was done in factorial CRD (Completely randomised design). Two-way ANOVA was also used to analyze the impact of the biochars on soil acidity and other chemical properties. The results showed the application of biochar increased the soil pH in both soils. The increase in pH was more noticeable in acidic soil. In acidic soil calophyllum fruit husk biochar produced at 500 °C applied at 16t/ha showed highest pH at all intervals except at 120 days. The increase in pH in neutral soil doesn’t show any particular pattern throughout the incubation period. In acidic soil exchangeable bases such as Ca, Mg, K and Na were highest in red gram straw produced at 400°C. In both acidic and neutral soils, there was no definite trend in micronutrient contents such as extractible Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu. The incorporation of biochar can cause beneficial changes in soil chemical properties and improve the bioavailability of plant essential nutrients.
Cacao flower visitation: Low pollen deposition, low fruit set and dominance of herbivores
Authors: Vansynghel Justine , Ocampo‐Ariza Carolina , Maas Bea , Martin Emily A. , Thomas Evert , Hanf‐Dressler Tara , Schumacher Nils‐Christian , Ulloque‐Samatelo Carlos , Tscharntke Teja , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Pollination services of cacao are crucial for global chocolate production, yet remain critically understudied, particularly in regions of origin of the species. Notably, uncertainties remain concerning the identity of cacao pollinators, the influence of landscape (forest distance) and management (shade cover) on flower visitation and the role of pollen deposition in limiting fruit set.

Here, we aimed to improve understanding of cacao pollination by studying limiting factors of fruit set in Peru, part of the centre of origin of cacao. Flower visitors were sampled with sticky insect glue in 20 cacao agroforests in two biogeographically distinct regions of Peru, across gradients of shade cover and forest distance. Further, we assessed pollen quantities and compared fruit set between naturally and manually pollinated flowers.

The most abundant flower visitors were aphids, ants and thrips in the north and thrips, midges and parasitoid wasps in the south of Peru. We present some evidence of increasing visitation rates from medium to high shade (40%–95% canopy closure) in the dry north, and opposite patterns in the semi‐humid south, during the wet season.

Natural pollination resulted in remarkably low fruit set rates (2%), and very low pollen deposition. After hand pollination, fruit set more than tripled (7%), but was still low.

The diversity and high relative abundances of herbivore flower visitors limit our ability to draw conclusions on the functional role of different flower visitors. The remarkably low fruit set of naturally and even hand pollinated flowers indicates that other unaddressed factors limit cacao fruit production. Such factors could be, amongst others, a lack of effective pollinators, genetic incompatibility or resource limitation. Revealing efficient pollinator species and other causes of low fruit set rates is therefore key to establish location‐specific management strategies and develop high yielding native cacao agroforestry systems in regions of origin of cacao.
Elastomeric Indoor Organic Photovoltaics with Superb Photothermal Endurance
Authors: Kim Tae Hyuk , Lee Ho Jin , Saeed Muhammad Ahsan , Son Jae Hoon , Woo Han Young , Kim Tae Geun , Shim Jae Won 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDespite recent improvements in their power‐conversion efficiency (PCE), organic photovoltaics (OPVs) cannot yet be guaranteed stable in an indoor environment. In this study, the destabilizing effects of morphological evolution and molecular‐ordering variation on photoactive layers containing two to four photoactive components are investigated under realistic indoor photothermal (>55 °C for 1000 h) and mechanical (10% strain and 1000 cycles) deformation conditions. Layers with more stable morphologies are obtained by increasing the number of photoactive components; consequently, the quaternary OPVs show the best PCE retention (over 90% and 82% of the initial values after the photothermal and mechanical stresses, respectively). The increase in entropy caused by the additional components in the quaternary blend leads to a more balanced molecular arrangement and excellent photothermal stability. Stronger intermolecular bonding and less variation of molecular ordering likewise occur in the quaternary OPVs, enhancing their mechanical endurance.
Practically Accessible All‐Solid‐State Batteries Enabled by Organosulfide Cathodes and Sulfide Electrolytes
Authors: Ji Weixiao , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Zheng Dong , Huang He , Lambert Tristan H. , Qu Deyang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe combination of organic electrode materials and sulfide electrolytes is expected to enable the development of all‐solid‐state organic batteries featuring high energy density, safety, and sustainability. Here, thiuram hexasulfide is first reported as a low‐cost and high‐capacity cathode material for solid‐state organic batteries based on sulfide electrolytes. Notably, a capacity of ≈600 mA h g−1 is delivered and the capacity retention is 80.8% after 500 cycles. An electrochemically reversible change of the cathode interface is revealed upon cycling. The full cell displays an oscillating stress change of up to 0.6 MPa during cycling, predominated by the anode side. The energy density is 1140 Wh kg−1 at the material level and 376 Wh kg−1 at the electrode level, which are among the best‐reported organic cathodes to date. A high areal capacity of 10.4 mA h cm−2 is reached with a high mass loading cathode. A dry‐film approach is further explored to manufacture sheet‐type cells. The free‐standing Li6PS5Cl film with a thickness of only 48 µm demonstrates an ultralow areal resistance of 3.9 Ω cm2, which significantly boosts the cell‐level energy density and reduces the cell internal resistance.
Twins of Minimalistic Carbon Dots: Uniform Emitting‐Units and Molecular Level Repeatable Photoluminescence
Authors: Wang Chuchu , Guo Ge , Wang Yi , Yin Xueer , Zong Hui , Xia Yunsheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the photoluminescence mechanism of carbon dots (C‐dots) is both of fundamental and technical significance. However, it has remained an extreme challenge due to C‐dots’ indeterminate constitution and complicated composition/structure. Herein, a combined processing system, namely extraction and subsequent preparative thin layer chromatography for C‐dots separation is presented. Benefiting from its powerful separation performances, two minimalistic C‐dots with almost identical structure and optical properties (named as “twin” C‐dots) are well separated. Then, by contrastive analysis, a photophysical picture for the C‐dots’ photoluminescence is presented: The C‐dots’ photoluminescence comes from uniform surface polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon units instead of the whole particles, which is both size‐ and oxygen‐independent. The products not only are highly bright and stable against photobleaching, but possess repeatable photoluminescence with molecular level accuracy. So, the C‐dots favorably integrate the advantages from small molecule dyes to photoluminescent nanomaterials, which is unprecedented and desirable for property exploration and application expansion.
A Ferroelectric p–i–n Heterostructure for Highly Enhanced Short‐Circuit Current Density and Self‐Powered Photodetection
Authors: Yan Tao , Liu Fengjing , Wang Yanrong , Yang Jia , Ding Chuyun , Cai Yuchen , Wu Zilong , Zhan Xueying , Wang Feng , Tian Yanhong , He Jun , Wang Zhenxing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract2D‐layered materials and van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) have attracted intense interests in optoelectronic applications. However, the performance of photovoltaic effect based on vdWHs is still unsatisfactory, which is subjected to many factors, including settled small built‐in potentials and low light absorptions. Here, a pronounced photovoltaic effect is reported in MoTe2/(C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)2Pb3I10/α‐In2Se3 ferroelectric p–i–n vdWHs. An all‐dry transfer method held in an inert environment is utilized to ensure a good materials’ stability and high interfacial quality. The short‐circuit current density can increase three orders to 38 mA cm−2 by introducing perovskite; hence, the device works as a sensitive self‐powered photodetector with a photo on/off ratio of 2.4 × 105, a detectivity of 1.2 × 1012 Jones, and response times of 730 µs/620 µs. Moreover, the short‐circuit current density increases more than 25 times by enhancing the built‐in potential through programming the ferroelectric polarization of α‐In2Se3. In total, short‐circuit current density as high as 468 mA cm−2 is reached, which is one‐to‐two orders higher than that of typical lateral vdWHs. This work demonstrates the potential of high‐performance optoelectronic devices based on ferroelectric van der Waals p–i–n heterostructures.
Farm households' consumption of ad hoc program payments
Authors: Williams David J. , Brewer Brady E. , Todd Jessica E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe increasing size, scope, and cost of ad hoc programs underscore the importance of understanding their effects. This article examines how Market Facilitation Program payments affected farm household consumption expenditures. Payments received in 2018 from the Market Facilitation Program were consumed at statistically significant rates that are considerably larger than other income sources. Farm households may have prespent the second tranche of the 2018 program payments before they were received in 2019. The consumption behaviors of commercial, intermediate, and residence farm households are contrasted, and less consumption smoothing is noticed among more leveraged households.
Building strength for the long haul toward liberation: What psychology can contribute to the resilience of communities targeted by state‐sanctioned violence
Authors: Gebhard Kris T. , Hargrove Stephanie , Chaudhry Tahani , Buchwach Syeda Y. , Cattaneo Lauren B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractState‐sanctioned violence (SSV) has resounding effects on entire populations, and marginalized communities have long persisted in the work toward liberation despite continued SSV. This paper aims to bridge the gap between the vast scholarship on resilience and the practical challenge of sustaining and thriving in communities targeted by SSV. We use the theoretical frame of the Transconceptual Model of Empowerment and Resilience (TMER) to articulate the process of resilience and the resources that support it: maintenance, efficacy, skills, knowledge, and community resources. As a practical frame, we ground our application of the model in the experiences of the first two authors in their own communities. Centering examples from the Black Lives Matter movement and the CeCe McDonald Support Committee, we use our theoretical and practical frames to explore the scholarship on resilience relevant to resisting SSV, and we identify mechanisms for supporting community stakeholders' efforts to move toward liberation from SSV. We discuss implications for future research and activism, and we include a toolkit with suggested strategies as an appendix for psychologists, activists, and community stakeholders to consider as they work to facilitate community resilience and build a society free from SSV.
Long‐term oncologic outcomes in esthesioneuroblastoma: An institutional experience of 143 patients
Authors: McMillan Ryan A. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Link Michael J. , Moore Eric J. , Price Daniel L. , Stokken Janalee K. , Van Abel Kathryn M. , O'Byrne Jamie , Giannini Caterina , Chintakuntlawar Ashish , Pinheiro Neto Carlos D. , Peris Celda Maria , Foote Robert , Choby Garret 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveEsthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare malignant neoplasm arising from the olfactory epithelium of the cribriform plate. The goal of this study was to update our oncologic outcomes for this disease and explore prognostic factors associated with survival.Materials and methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients with ENB treated at a single tertiary care institution from January 1, 1960, to January 1, 2020. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed. Overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS) were reported.ResultsAmong 143 included patients, the 5‐year OS was 82.3% and the 5‐year PFS was 51.6%; 5‐year OS and PFS have improved in the modern era (2005–present). Delayed regional nodal metastasis was the most common site of recurrence in 22% of patients (median, 57 months). On univariate analysis, modified Kadish staging (mKadish) had a negative effect on OS, PFS, and DMFS (p < 0.05). Higher Hyams grade had a negative effect on PFS and DMFS (p < 0.05). Positive margin status had a negative effect on PFS (p < 0.05). Orbital invasion demonstrated worsening OS (hazard ratio, 3.1; p < 0.05). On multivariable analysis, high Hyams grade (3 or 4), high mKadish stage (C+D), and increasing age were independent negative prognostic factors for OS (p < 0.05). High Hyams grade (3+4), high mKadish stage (C+D), age, and positive margin status were independent negative prognostic factors for PFS (p < 0.05). High Hyams grade (3+4) was an independent negative prognostic factor for DMFS (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with low Hyams grade and mKadish stage have favorable 5‐year OS, PFS, and DMFS.
Ni‐Catalyzed Divergent Synthesis of 2‐Benzazepine Derivatives via Tunable Cyclization and 1,4‐Acyl Transfer Triggered by Amide N‐C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Ping Yuanyuan , Li Xiao , Pan Qi , Kong Wangqing 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLigand‐directed divergent synthesis can transform common starting materials into distinct molecular scaffolds by simple tuning different ligands. This strategy enables the rapid construction of structurally rich collection of small molecules for biological evaluation and reveals novel modes of catalytic transformation, representing one of the most sought‐after challenges in synthetic chemistry. We herein report a Ni‐catalyzed ligand‐controlled tunable cyclization/cross‐couplings for the divergent synthesis of pharmacologically important 2‐benzazepine frameworks. The bidentate ligand facilitates the nucleophilic addition of the aryl halides to the amide carbonyl, followed by 1,4‐acyl transfer and cross‐coupling to obtain 2‐benzazepin‐5‐ones and benzo[c]pyrano[2,3‐e]azepines. The tridentate ligand promotes the selective 7‐endo cyclization/cross‐coupling to access to 2‐benzazepin‐3‐ones. The protocol operates under mild reaction conditions with divergent cyclization patterns that can be easily modulated through the ligand backbone.
Hydrophilic Catalysts with High Activity and Stability in the Aqueous Polymerization of Ethylene to High‐Molecular‐Weight‐Polyethylene
Authors: Lin Fei , Mecking Stefan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWater‐soluble synthetic transition metal catalysts have been studied extensively for many reactions, but for olefin polymerization such catalysts have been lacking. We report herein a straightforward synthesis of phosphinephenolato NiII catalysts endowed permanently with a hydrophilic sulfonate moiety bound to the chelating ligand. These catalysts’ hydrophilic active sites promote aqueous ethylene polymerization with high activity (TOF up to 6.3×104 molEthylene molNi−1 h−1) to high molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE), with half‐lives on the order of hours also at elevated temperatures. The obtained polyethylene dispersions feature narrow particle size distributions without any aggregates.
(PNSiMe3)4(NMe)6: A Robust Tetravalent Phosphaza‐adamantane Scaffold for Molecular and Macromolecular Construction**
Authors: Bedard Joseph , Roberts Nicholas J. , Shayan Mohsen , Bamford Karlee L. , Werner‐Zwanziger Ulrike , Marczenko Katherine M. , Chitnis Saurabh S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTetraarylmethanes and adamantanes are important rigid covalent connectors that play a four‐way scaffolding role in molecular and materials chemistry. We report the synthesis of a new tetravalent phosphaza‐adamantane cage, (PNSiMe3)4(NMe)6 (2), that shows high thermal, air, and redox stability due to its geometry. It nevertheless participates in covalent four‐fold functionalization reactions along its periphery. The combination of a robust core and reactive corona makes 2 a convenient inorganic scaffold upon which tetrahedral molecular and macromolecular chemistry can be constructed. This potential is demonstrated by the synthesis of a tetrakis(bis(phosphine)iminium) ion (in compound 3) and the first all P/N poly(phosphazene) network (5).
Quasi‐min‐max MPC for visual servoing stabilization of omnidirectional wheeled mobile robots
Authors: Lin Yegui , Xing Kexin , He Defeng , Zhang Wen‐An , Ni Weiqi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper proposes a new visual servoing quasi‐min‐max MPC algorithm for stabilization control of an omnidirectional wheeled mobile robot subject to physical and visual constraints. The visual servoing dynamics of the robot are modeled as the state‐dependent linear error system with nonlinear control inputs of rotation and deflection velocities of wheels. The state‐dependent linear error system is covered as linear parameters‐varying models which is used to design the visual servoing quasi‐min‐max MPC controller. The actual control inputs of the robot are then computed by the solution of an inverse algebraic equation of the MPC actions. The recursive feasibility and stability of the new visual servoing MPC are ensured by some LMIs conditions. The performance and practicability of the visual servoing MPC are verified by some simulation and experiment results.
Model predictive position control of permanent magnet synchronous motor servo system with sliding mode observer
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Xudong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn order to improve the control accuracy and robustness of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) servo system, a new non‐cascade predictive control strategy is proposed to replace the traditional three‐closed‐loop servo control in this paper. The design process is as follows. First, the state variables and a discrete‐time state space model of motor are defined; meanwhile, the lumped term of disturbance is included in the motor model. Second, the optimal cost function is chosen to design the model predictive controller (MPC). Then, according to the uncertain parameters and external disturbance, the sliding mode observer (SMO) is introduced to estimate and compensate the disturbance. Finally, the comparative experimental result proves that the proposed predictive control method not only has less regulation parameters but also has high position tracking accuracy and strong anti‐interference ability even under different conditions.
Deep dynamic modeling with just two time points: Can we still allow for individual trajectories?
Authors: Hackenberg Maren , Harms Philipp , Pfaffenlehner Michelle , Pechmann Astrid , Kirschner Janbernd , Schmidt Thorsten , Binder Harald 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLongitudinal biomedical data are often characterized by a sparse time grid and individual‐specific development patterns. Specifically, in epidemiological cohort studies and clinical registries we are facing the question of what can be learned from the data in an early phase of the study, when only a baseline characterization and one follow‐up measurement are available. Inspired by recent advances that allow to combine deep learning with dynamic modeling, we investigate whether such approaches can be useful for uncovering complex structure, in particular for an extreme small data setting with only two observations time points for each individual. Irregular spacing in time could then be used to gain more information on individual dynamics by leveraging similarity of individuals. We provide a brief overview of how variational autoencoders (VAEs), as a deep learning approach, can be linked to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for dynamic modeling, and then specifically investigate the feasibility of such an approach that infers individual‐specific latent trajectories by including regularity assumptions and individuals' similarity. We also provide a description of this deep learning approach as a filtering task to give a statistical perspective. Using simulated data, we show to what extent the approach can recover individual trajectories from ODE systems with two and four unknown parameters and infer groups of individuals with similar trajectories, and where it breaks down. The results show that such dynamic deep learning approaches can be useful even in extreme small data settings, but need to be carefully adapted.