bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of changed behaviours in residential aged care and common mitigation strategies – A retrospective review of behavioural report logs
Authors: Brimelow Rachel , Beattie Elizabeth , Byrne Gerard , Dissanayaka Nadeeka 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundChanged behaviours in residential aged care facilities (RACF) are frequently reported in the literature. How RACF staff routinely respond to these observed changed behaviours represents a significant gap.ObjectiveTo analyse the frequency of changed behaviour reported within RACF behavioural report logs and to ascertain how staff typically manage these behaviours.MethodsResidents (N = 25) with varying levels of cognitive function were recruited from a 160 bed RACF in Queensland, Australia. A retrospective analysis of behavioural report logs was conducted to elucidate prevalence of reported changed behaviours as categorised by RACF staff. Thematic analysis of staff recorded behavioural mitigation strategies was used to categorise staff actions. A case analysis was also conducted to highlight the challenges faced by RACF staff managing persistent acute changed behaviours using identified common mitigation strategies. The STROBE guidelines were followed for reporting.ResultsThere were 395 behaviours recorded in a two‐month period. Physical agitation, interfering while wandering, trying to get to inappropriate places, verbal refusal of care, physical aggression, and verbal disruption were most frequently reported by staff. Management strategies included redirection, PRN psychotropic medication, reassurance, routine care practices, offering of beverages, repositioning, and rarely analgesia. A 24‐h case analysis highlighted how staff utilised redirection and multiple doses of a PRN benzodiazepine with limited effectiveness.ConclusionThis study reveals current mitigation strategies employed by RACF staff in response to acute changed behaviours often associated with dementia. Agitation and wandering are prevalent and are difficult for staff to manage effectively.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights that careful consideration should be taken to avoid overuse of PRN benzodiazepines in management of changed behaviours. Short‐term mitigation strategies, such as redirection, may not be effective if underlying causes such as pain, physiological, mental, emotional, or social needs are not met.Patient and public contributionA RACF participated in project design and review.
A rapid molecular identification method for Meloidogyne chitwoodi from potato tubers without using nematode extraction methods
Authors: Uysal Gülsüm , Devran Zübeyir 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the major crops for human nutrition. Columbia root‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al. (1980), can cause significant decrease in potato yields in the world. The aim of the study was to develop a novel molecular method for the rapid and accurate detection of M. chitwoodi on infested potato tubers. Total DNA from peel and tissues of potato were directly isolated from M. chitwoodi‐infested potato tubers without using any nematode extraction method. Meloidogyne chitwoodi was successfully detected and identified in total DNA isolated using species‐specific primers. Meloidogyne chitwoodi was also successfully identified in DNA isolated from only one necrotic spot in potato. Our results show that this molecular method is quite useful for fast and accurate identification of M. chitwoodi on potato. Based on these results, it seems that useful practical and applicable aspects for direct detection of M. chitwoodi from potato tubers without nematode extraction. The novel technique can be used in quarantine laboratories and potato seed producer companies. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to identify M. chitwoodi using a novel molecular method from potato tubers without nematode extraction.
Identifying hiatal hernia with impedance planimetry during esophageal distension testing
Authors: Carlson Dustin A. , Kahrilas Peter J. , Simlote Aditi , Vespa Edoardo , Teitelbaum Ezra , Hungness Eric , Kou Wenjun , Pandolfino John E. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionFunctional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) Panometry evaluates the esophageal response to distension involving biomechanics and motility. We have observed that hiatus hernia (HH) is evident during FLIP studies as a separation between the crural diaphragm (CD) and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) like what is seen with high‐resolution manometry (HRM). The aim of this study was to compare FLIP findings to endoscopy and HRM in the detection of HH.MethodsA total of 100 consecutive patients that completed FLIP during sedated endoscopy and HRM were included. LES‐CD separation was assessed on FLIP and HRM with the presence of HH defined as LES‐CD ≥1 cm. The agreement was evaluated using the kappa (κ) statistic.ResultsHiatal hernia was detected in 32% of patients on HRM and 44% of patients on FLIP with a substantial agreement between studies (84% agreement;κ = 0.667). On FLIP, a ‘new’ HH (i.e. HH not observed on HRM) occurred in 14 patients and an “enlarged” HH (i.e., LES‐CD ≥2 cm larger than on HRM) occurred in 11 patients. Among patients that also completed, timed barium esophagogram (TBE), delayed esophageal emptying on TBE was more common in patients with new or enlarged HH on FLIP than those without: 7/11 (64%) versus 2/12 (17%);p = 0.017.ConclusionFLIP can detect HH with a substantial agreement with HRM, though esophageal distension with FLIP testing appeared to elicit and/or enlarge a HH in an additional 25% of patients. Although this unique response to esophageal distension may represent a mechanism of dysphagia or susceptibility to reflux, additional study is needed to clarify its significance.
Characterizing natural variability of lignin abundance and composition in fine roots across temperate trees: a comparison of analytical methods
Authors: Xia Mengxue , Valverde‐Barrantes Oscar J. , Suseela Vidya , Blackwood Christopher B. , Tharayil Nishanth 
Published: September 2022

Summary

Lignin is an important root chemical component that is widely used in biogeochemical models to predict root decomposition. Across ecological studies, lignin abundance has been characterized using both proximate and lignin‐specific methods, without much understanding of their comparability. This uncertainty in estimating lignin limits our ability to comprehend the mechanisms regulating root decomposition and to integrate lignin data for large‐scale syntheses.

We compared five methods of estimating lignin abundance and composition in fine roots across 34 phylogenetically diverse tree species. We also assessed the feasibility of high‐throughput techniques for fast‐screening of root lignin.

Although acid‐insoluble fraction (AIF) has been used to infer root lignin and decomposition, AIF‐defined lignin content was disconnected from the lignin abundance estimated by techniques that specifically measure lignin‐derived monomers. While lignin‐specific techniques indicated lignin contents of 2–10% (w/w) in roots, AIF‐defined lignin contents were c. 5–10‐fold higher, and their interspecific variation was found to be largely unrelated to that determined using lignin‐specific techniques. High‐throughput pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, when combined with quantitative modeling, accurately predicted lignin abundance and composition, highlighting its feasibility for quicker assessment of lignin in roots.

We demonstrate that AIF should be interpreted separately from lignin in fine roots as its abundance is unrelated to that of lignin polymers. This study provides the basis for informed decision‐making with respect to lignin methodology in ecology.
Comparative efficacy of finger versus forehead Plethysmographic Variability Index monitoring in pediatric surgical patients
Authors: Fidan Seyfullah , Zengin Seniyye Ülgen , Orhon Meliha , Umuroğlu Tümay 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe Plethysmographic Variability Index can be measured by both finger and forehead probes. Vasoconstriction may jeopardize the reliability of finger PVI measurements in pediatric patients undergoing surgery. However, forehead vasculature exhibits more marked resistance to alterations in the vasomotor tonus.ObjectiveOur aim was to compare the Plethysmographic Variability Index measured via finger or forehead probes in mechanically ventilated pediatric surgery patients in terms of their ability to predict fluid responsiveness as well as to determine the best cut‐off values for these two measurements.Materials and MethodsA total of 50 pediatric patients undergoing minor elective surgery were included after provision of parental consent and ethics committee approval. Perfusion index measured at the finger or forehead and Plethysmographic Variability Index monitoring comprised the primary assessments. Hemodynamic parameters monitored included perfusion index, Plethysmographic Variability Index, and cardiac output. A ≥ 15% increase in cardiac output following passive leg raise maneuver was considered to show fluid responsiveness. Two groups were defined based on fluid responsiveness: Group R (responsive) and Group NR (non‐responsive). Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, DeLong test, and ROC were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe area under curve for finger and forehead Plethysmographic Variability Index prior to passive leg raise maneuver were 0.699 (p = .011) and 0.847 (p < .001), respectively. The sensitivity for finger and forehead measurements at a cut‐off value of ≤14% was 92.9% and 96.4%, and 45.4% and 72.7%, respectively.ConclusionAlthough forehead and finger Plethysmographic Variability Index monitoring were similarly sensitive in predicting fluid responsiveness in pediatric surgical patients, the former method provided higher specificity. The best cut‐off value for PVI measurements with forehead and finger probes was found to be 14%.
Evaluating the effectiveness of labor market interventions on reducing the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Elgin Ceyhun , Williams Colin , Öz Yalaman Gamze 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper evaluates whether different labor market policy interventions taken in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic have been effective in reducing its adverse impacts. We construct a database covering 165 countries and 39 labor market interventions grouped into four pillars: stimulating the economy and jobs (pillar 1); supporting enterprises, employment, and incomes (pillar 2); protecting workers (pillar 3); and social dialogue (pillar 4). The results revealed that measures taken under pillars 1, 2, and 3 have reduced the impacts of the pandemic on economic growth; measures under pillar 4 were significantly associated with reducing its impacts on employment and those under pillar 2 with reducing its impacts on working hours.
The impacts of women's land ownership: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen My , Le Kien 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWomen's equal access to and control over economic resources such as land are integral to achieve gender equality and sustainable economic development. This study evaluates the impacts of women's land ownership on various women's and household's outcomes in the context of Vietnam. We discuss the beneficial effects of allowing women to own more land on both women and their families. In particular, there is a positive association between women's land ownership and intra‐household bargaining power in various aspects. In particular, the relationship is the strongest for women's autonomy in decisions regarding their children. It is also easier for land‐holding women to formally access credit and invest in human capital. We further study the favorable effects of women's land ownership on their families in terms of spending and saving behaviors. Finally, women's land ownership also contributes to household social capital. These findings lend support to the passage and implementation of laws intended to grant women equal rights to the ownership and control over land.
The persuasive role of the past: Policy feedback and citizens' acceptance of information communication technologies during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China
Authors: Guo Yue , Zhou Lei , Chen Jidong 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHow can the enforcement of policies in the past influence a society's future adoption of information communication technologies (ICTs)? In this paper, we tackle this question by exploring how past e‐governance policies influence citizens' willingness to use the health QR code, which is a COVID‐19 tracing app widely used in China's pandemic control. Past policies regarding smart‐city development in China involve two aspects: the construction of electronic infrastructure and the applications of specific technologies. Empirical analysis based on a nationwide dataset in China suggests that past policies exhibit persuasive effects and influence citizens' acceptance of the health QR code. Specifically, e‐governance applications in cities significantly enhance citizens' acceptance through the demonstration of their usefulness. However, the construction of e‐governance infrastructure per se does not have the same impact on citizens' acceptance. By connecting citizens' acceptance of new technology with past e‐governance policies, the study illustrates a nuanced policy feedback mechanism through which past policies can substantially reshape public opinion by policy outcomes.
Robust skin microrelief depth estimation using a mobile stereo system
Authors: Moon Cho‐I , Lee Onseok , Choi Min‐Hyung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe skin surface becomes wrinkled and rough due to various internal and external factors. A three‐dimensional (3D) analysis of the skin is required to improve skin conditions. Stereophotogrammetry, a noninvasive 3D analysis method, is easy to install and use, but most stereo systems have a fixed baseline and scale. Previous stereo systems are not suitable for observing micro‐range skin features. Therefore, we suggest the optimal conditions and methods for the 3D analysis of skin microrelief using a multi‐conditioned stereo system.MethodsWe constructed a nonconvergence model using a mobile device and acquired stereo images under multiscale and multi‐baseline conditions. We extracted 3D information of the skin through our process: preprocessing, skin feature extraction, feature matching, and actual depth mapping. We improved the accuracy of the 3D analysis of the skin by using disparity values instead of disparity maps. We compared and analyzed the performances of six local feature detector and descriptor algorithms. In addition, we suggested depth‐mapping formulas to estimate the actual depth of the skin microrelief.ResultsWe confirmed that stereo images with a working distance of 70–75 mm and a baseline of 4–8 mm are effective for the 3D analysis of skin microrelief. In addition, accelerated KAZE exhibited the best performance for features extraction and stereo matching. Finally, the extracted 3D information was converted to the actual depth, and the performance of the 3D analysis was verified.ConclusionThe proposed system and method that provide texture information are effective for 3D skin disease analysis and evaluation.
Effects of Physical Exercise Training on Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements: A Systematic Review of Human Intervention Studies
Authors: Kleinloog Jordi P.D. , Nijssen Kevin M.R. , Mensink Ronald P. , Joris Peter J. 
Published: September 2022

The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effects of physical exercise training on cerebral blood flow (CBF), which is a physiological marker of cerebrovascular function. Relationships between training-induced effects on CBF with changes in cognitive performance were also discussed. A systematic search was performed up to July 2022. Forty-five intervention studies with experimental, quasi-experimental, or pre–post designs were included. Sixteen studies (median duration: 14 weeks) investigated effects of physical exercise training on CBF markers using magnetic resonance imaging, 20 studies (median duration: 14 weeks) used transcranial Doppler ultrasound, and eight studies (median duration: 8 weeks) used near-infrared spectroscopy. Studies using magnetic resonance imaging observed consistent increases in CBF in the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus, but not in whole-brain CBF. Effects on resting CBF—measured with transcranial Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy—were variable, while middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity increased in some studies following exercise or hypercapnic stimuli. Interestingly, concomitant changes in physical fitness and regional CBF were observed, while a relation between training-induced effects on CBF and cognitive performance was evident. In conclusion, exercise training improved cerebrovascular function because regional CBF was changed. Studies are however still needed to establish whether exercise-induced improvements in CBF are sustained over longer periods of time and underlie the observed beneficial effects on cognitive performance.
Successful integration of newborn genetic testing into UK routine screening using prospective consent to determine eligibility for clinical trials
Authors: Bendor-Samuel Owen Martyn , Wishlade Tabitha , Willis Louise , Aley Parvinder , Choi Edward , Craik Rachel , Mujadidi Yama , Mounce Ginny , Roseman Fenella , De La Horra Gozalo Arancha , Bland James , Taj Nazia , Smith Ian , Ziegler Anette-Gabriele , Bonifacio Ezio , Winkler Christiane , Haupt Florian , Todd John A , Servais Laurent , Snape Matthew D , Vatish Manu 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveINGR1D (INvestigating Genetic Risk for type 1 Diabetes) was a type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic screening study established to identify participants for a primary prevention trial (POInT, Primary Oral Insulin Trial).MethodsThe majority of participants were recruited by research midwives in antenatal clinics from 18 weeks’ gestation. Using the NHS Newborn Bloodspot Screening Programme (NBSP) infrastructure, participants enrolled in INGR1D had an extra sample taken from their day 5 bloodspot card sent for T1D genetic screening. Those at an increased risk of T1D were informed of the result, given education about T1D and the opportunity to take part in POInT.ResultsBetween April 2018 and November 2020, 66% of women approached about INGR1D chose to participate. 15 660 babies were enrolled into INGR1D and 14 731 blood samples were processed. Of the processed samples, 157 (1%) had confirmed positive results, indicating an increased risk of T1D, of whom a third (n=49) enrolled into POInT (20 families were unable to participate in POInT due to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions).ConclusionThe use of prospective consent to perform personalised genetic testing on samples obtained through the routine NBSP represents a novel mechanism for clinical genetic research in the UK and provides a model for further population-based genetic studies in the newborn.
Cross-sectional nationwide mixed-methods population-based study of living conditions, and identification of sexual and fertility profiles among young women after breast cancer in France: the Candy study protocol
Authors: Assogba Emerline L F , Dumas Agnès , Woronoff Anne-Sophie , Mollévi Caroline , Coutant Charles , Ladoire Sylvain , Desmoulins Isabelle , Dabakuyo-Yonli Tienhan Sandrine 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAt the end of the treatment, many young breast cancer (BC) survivors face difficulties related to fertility and sexuality, mainly due to the side effects of treatment. Integrating patient needs into medical decisions is becoming increasingly essential for high quality care. To this end, there is a compelling need to elicit patients’ perspectives through qualitative studies, to understand their experiences and needs in the aftermath of cancer. We aim to: (1) identify clinical, social and economic determinants of sexuality and fertility, and describe other living conditions of young BC survivors in France; and (2) explore young women’s experience after BC in relation to clinical and information needs about fertility preservation and sexual health.Methods and analysisThis is a mixed-methods, cross-sectional, population-based study. In the quantitative component, women diagnosed with non-metastatic BC between 2009 and 2016 and aged 40 years or younger at diagnosis will be identified through the French network of cancer registries (FRANCIM). Participants will complete self-report questionnaires including standardised measures of sexuality, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), anxiety, depression, social deprivation and social support. Fertility and professional reintegration issues will also be assessed. Sexuality profiles will be identified by ascending hierarchical classification and fertility profiles will be identified by latent class models. Determinants of sexuality, fertility and HRQoL will be identified using a mixed regression model. Subsequently, semistructured interviews will be performed with a sample of 30 women who participated in the quantitative study. Interviews will be recorded, transcribed synthetically and content analysis will be performed, with the aid of NVivo software.Ethics and disseminationThis study will be performed in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved in October 2020 by the Committee for the Protection of Persons North-West III (20.07.16.44445) and by the French national data protection authority (CNIL-MR003 No1989764-v0).The results of this project will be communicated to the scientific community through publications in international scientific peer-reviewed journals and communications to national and international congresses. Popularised results will also be provided to patient associations. The results of Candy project will also be published on the website of the sponsor,www.cgfl.fr.
Assessment of core teaching competency of health professional educators in Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Dejene Daniel , Stekelenburg Jelle , Versluis Marco , Ayalew Firew , Molla Yohannes 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesUnderstanding the competency of educators is key to informing faculty development, recruitment and performance monitoring. This study aimed to assess the core teaching competency of nursing, midwifery and biomedical educators, and associated factors in Ethiopia.DesignAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2020 using structured tools adapted from the WHO’s nurse and midwifery educator competency frameworks.SettingTwo health science colleges and nine student practice sites in Ethiopia.ParticipantsAll classroom instructors and clinical preceptors of nursing, midwifery and biomedical technician training programmes, and all the graduating class students.MeasuresOverall teaching competency scores, teaching domain competency scores, competency gaps and performance gaps of educators were outcome measures. Past training on teaching skills courses, teaching experiences and sociodemographic characteristics of educators are associated factors.ResultsMost educators were not trained in teaching methods (82%). The teaching competency scores of classroom instructors and clinical preceptors were 61.1% and 52.5%, respectively. Competency gaps were found in using active learning methods, performance assessment, feedback and digital learning. Professional background of classroom instructors had a significant and strong association with their competency score (p=0.004; V=0.507). Age and teaching experience of clinical preceptors had significant associations with their competency score (p=0.023 and p=0.007, respectively) and had strong associations (V=0.280 and 0.323, respectively). Sex of students and their perceptions of how well the educators give education resources had a significant and strong association (p<0.001; V=0.429).ConclusionsNursing, midwifery and biomedical educators lacked the competency to undertake important teaching roles, which could contribute to the low quality of education. More attention should be given to strengthening faculty development.