bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dystonia management across Europe within ERN-RND: current state and future challenges
Authors: Centen Liesanne M. , Pinter David , van Egmond Martje E. , Graessner Holm , Kovacs Norbert , Koy Anne , Perez-Dueñas Belen , Reinhard Carola , Tijssen Marina A. J. , Boesch Sylvia 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Since the first European-wide evaluation of dystonia management in 2016, several efforts have been made to improve dystonia-care. One of these was the development of the Dystonia Disease Group as a part of the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND) that implemented several initiatives based on the recommendations made in 2016.

Aim
To evaluate the current state of dystonia management across Europe.

Methods
Twenty-four countries were surveyed via 62 dystonia-experts from 44 ERN-RND-related centers.

Results
Dystonia-experts for adult patients were available in all surveyed countries. However, almost half of the countries evaluated accessibility as merely ‘satisfactory’. Access to genetic and neurophysiological testing was challenging to varying degrees in over half of countries. Main oral medications and botulinum toxin were available in all countries. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) was easily accessible in one-third of the countries. Dystonia research was conducted in 20/24 countries. Trainings on dystonia for general practitioners (GPs) were available in 11/24 countries. However, lack of trainings for other professionals was almost general. For pediatric dystonia, experts and specific training were available in over half of the countries.

Conclusions
In this overview, we present the current state of dystonia management within ERN-RND. Management has slightly improved since 2016 in several fields, including diagnostics, availability of DBS, and research. The results highlight that future challenges in dystonia management are accessibility of experts, and diagnostic tools and treatments, education on adult and childhood dystonia, and optimization of referral pathways. These findings are important for improving dystonia care across Europe.
Risk factors for ocular hypotony after XEN Gel Stent implantation
Authors: Galimi Maria E. , Weller Julia M. , Kruse Friedrich E. , Laemmer Robert 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the incidence of postoperative hypotony, and risk factors for the development of hypotony in eyes who had undergone XEN Gel Stent implantation.

Methods
In this retrospective, single-centre case series, medical records of 170 consecutive eyes who had undergone XEN Gel Stent implantation with or without simultaneous phacoemulsification for primary or secondary open angle glaucoma were analysed. Primary outcome parameters were the incidence of postoperative hypotony and potential risk factors for its development, and secondary parameters were pre- and postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of IOP-lowering eye drops.

Results
Postoperative hypotony ≤ 6 mmHg occurred in 57% of eyes. Hypotony was without complications in 70.1%, 13.4% had transient complications with spontaneous resolution, and 16.5% had complications requiring treatment. Mean visual acuity logMAR before surgery accounted for 0.47 ± 0.46 in all eyes and 0.47 ± 0.48 at the 4-week visit. There was no significant difference of BCVA in the group of eyes with and without postoperative hypotony before and after surgery. The mean IOP before surgery was 24.6 ± 8.4 mmHg and decreased significantly to 18.4 ± 10.2 after 4 weeks.
Eyes with an axial length over 24.3 mm had a threefold increased risk for postoperative hypotony (OR 3.226, 95% confidence interval 1.121–9.279). This risk was decreased in eyes with simultaneous cataract surgery (OR 0.483, 95% confidence interval 0.258–0.903).

Conclusion
In our sample, postoperative hypotony was a common complication after XEN Gel Stent implantation, but serious, persistent complications were rare. A longer axial length predisposes the eye for the development of hypotony.
Optimized virtual reality-based Method of Loci memorization techniques through increased immersion and effective memory palace designs: a feasibility study
Authors: Moll Brigham , Sykes Ed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFor most, an improvement in memory would always be desirable, whether from the point of view of an aging individual with declining memory, or from the perspective of someone seeking to memorize large amounts of information in the shortest period of time. One way for people to improve upon their memory performance is by using the Method of Loci (MoL), a famously complex, ancient memorization technique for non-spatial information recall. With the use of virtual reality technology, this technique can finally be easily taught to individuals for use in their daily lives. In this paper, we present an exploration into this avenue of using MoL in virtual reality and report on the design and evaluation of our new virtual memory palace that aims to prove the feasibility of improving upon designs from other studies to optimize memory recall performance. An experiment was conducted to evaluate our VR MoL environment. The results from week 1 on the pre-test (M = 62.55, SD = 24.01) and post-test (M = 82.91, SD = 15.99) memory task showed an increase in the number of words remembered was statistically significant, t(20) = -2.34, p = 0.014 where participants were able to remember approximately 20.4% more non-spatial information, when compared to traditional memorization techniques. After a second use, participants improved, remembering 22.2% more non-spatial information on the pre-test (M = 63.44, SD = 26.64) and post-test (M = 85.67, SD = 16.10) memory task, indicating that the increase in number of words remembered was statistically significant, t(16) = -2.142, p = 0.024. The results suggest that the virtual memory palace experience could be optimized to help participants learn the MoL technique with very little training time and potentially produce significant improvements in recall performance as a result.
Authority gradients between rail network controllers, train crew and track workers in Australia and New Zealand: motivations and behaviours
Authors: Luva Bridie , Naweed Anjum 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe underlying relationship dynamics leading to authority gradients between frontline rail workers are being overlooked despite rail incident investigation reports pointing to the contrary. The aim of this study was to understand how the power disparities across multidisciplinary rail frontline workers can lead to authority gradients from the perspective of network controllers—the group at the apex of the operational hierarchy. A scenario generation technique was used to scaffold interviews with 55 rail network controllers from eight organisations across Australasia and identify how they perceived risky situations with all data thematically analysed. Authority gradient generation was found to be defined through: (1) motivations for network controllers to retain a position of authoritarianism toward train crew and track workers; and (2) behaviours that reinforced a power differential by curtailing their empowerment. Network controllers feared the probability and consequence of error and mistrusted in the capabilities of train crew and track workers, questioning their honesty, levels of competence, and believing they wanted to inherently cut corners. These motivations created a contemptuous regard that bred hostility and disparaging language, and engendered intimidation tactics where network controllers acted punitively and pressured train crew and track workers into compliance. The results from the scenarios point to perceptions of risk as the catalyst for fear and mistrust, with heightened perceptions of risk associated with increased vigilance and hostility across groups. This insight into how authority gradients are generated across operational teams in rail provides a new dimension to understanding teamwork error.
Efficacy of laparoscopic fundoplication in patients with chronic cough and gastro-oesophageal reflux
Authors: Frankel Adam , Ong Hock Soo , Smithers B. Mark , Nathanson Les K. , Gotley David C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe outcome of anti-reflux surgery in patients with suspected gastro-oesophageal reflux-induced cough is frequently uncertain. The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy of laparoscopic fundoplication for controlling cough in patients with chronic cough without asthma, who have pathologic gastro-oesophageal reflux, and to identify predictors of response.MethodsFrom a prospective database of 1598 patients who have undergone laparoscopic fundoplication, 66 (4%) with proven gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and chronic cough without asthma were studied. All patients underwent gastroscopy and 24-h pH monitoring before operation. Heartburn and regurgitation were assessed using a modified DeMeester score. Severity of cough before and after surgery was self-assessed by the patient using a visual analog scale at a minimum of 12 months post-operatively (median 43 mo; range: 14–104 mo). Patients were considered to have responded to fundoplication if they had no cough or the cough had improved by 50% or more after operation.ResultsCough and heartburn/regurgitation were relieved in 61% (40/66) and 90% (44/49) of the patients, respectively. The presence of typical GORD symptoms or oesophagitis, and pH study variables did not predict the response of the cough to fundoplication.ConclusionRefinement in the aetiological diagnosis of chronic cough due to GORD is necessary for improved outcome. Patients diagnosed with GORD-related chronic cough need to be counseled regarding their expectations from anti-reflux surgery.
The Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions Delivered in Routine Practice: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gaskell Chris , Simmonds-Buckley Melanie , Kellett Stephen , Stockton C. , Somerville Erin , Rogerson Emily , Delgadillo Jaime 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis review presents a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of routinely delivered psychological therapies across inpatient, outpatient and University-based clinics. This was a pre-registered systematic-review of studies meeting pre-specified inclusion criteria (CRD42020175235). Eligible studies were searched in three databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycInfo. Pre–post treatment (uncontrolled) effect sizes were calculated and pooled using random effects meta-analysis to generate effectiveness benchmarks. Moderator analyses were used to examine sources of heterogeneity in effect sizes. Overall, 252 studies (k = 298 samples) were identified, of which 223 (k = 263 samples) provided sufficient data for inclusion in meta-analysis. Results showed large pre–post treatment effects for depression [d = 0.96, (CI 0.88–1.04), p ≤ 0.001, k = 122], anxiety [d = 0.8 (CI 0.71–0.9), p ≤ 0.001, k = 69], and other outcomes [d = 1.01 (CI 0.93–1.09), p ≤ 0.001, k = 158]. This review provides support for the effectiveness of routinely delivered psychological therapy. Effectiveness benchmarks are supplied to support service evaluations across multiple settings.
A combination of supervised dimensionality reduction and learning methods to forecast solar radiation
Authors: García-Cuesta Esteban , Aler Ricardo , Pózo-Vázquez David del , Galván Inés M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMachine learning is routinely used to forecast solar radiation from inputs, which are forecasts of meteorological variables provided by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, on a spatially distributed grid. However, the number of features resulting from these grids is usually large, especially if several vertical levels are included. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is one of the simplest and most widely-used methods to extract features and reduce dimensionality in renewable energy forecasting, although this method has some limitations. First, it performs a global linear analysis, and second it is an unsupervised method. Locality Preserving Projection (LPP) overcomes the locality problem, and recently the Linear Optimal Low-Rank (LOL) method has extended Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to be applicable when the number of features is larger than the number of samples. Supervised Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (SNMF) also achieves this goal extending the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) framework to integrate the logistic regression loss function. In this article we try to overcome all these issues together by proposing a Supervised Local Maximum Variance Preserving (SLMVP) method, a supervised non-linear method for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction. PCA, LPP, LOL, SNMF and SLMVP have been compared on Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI) radiation data at two different Iberian locations: Seville and Lisbon. Results show that for both kinds of radiation (GHI and DNI) and the two locations, SLMVP produces smaller MAE errors than PCA, LPP, LOL, and SNMF, around 4.92% better for Seville and 3.12% for Lisbon. It has also been shown that, although SLMVP, PCA, and LPP benefit from using a non-linear regression method (Gradient Boosting in this work), this benefit is larger for PCA and LPP because SMLVP is able to perform non-linear transformations of inputs.
Large-scale seismic damage scenario assessment of precast buildings after the May 2012 Emilia earthquake
Authors: Praticò Lucia , Bovo Marco , Buratti Nicola , Savoia Marco 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn May 2012, two strong earthquakes hit the northern Italy revealing the significant seismic vulnerability of precast reinforced concrete structures and causing severe damage and many collapses, and high economic losses. After the lesson learnt from these events, more reliable seismic design criteria have been established for the design of new structures and different approaches have been proposed for the seismic assessment of the existing structures. In this context, the paper presents the results of a first application of the PRESSAFE-disp method, recently proposed by the authors, allowing to define the fragility curves of precast RC buildings at various limit states, including collapse. A stock of 91 precast buildings in the industrial area of San Felice sul Panaro (Modena) was selected as a benchmark case study to verify the reliability of the method in assessing seismic damage scenarios. In particular, with reference to the 2012 seismic ground-motion, two large-scale stochastic models are outlined to predict the number of the buildings collapsed in the area. The first one is based on a Monte Carlo simulation which incorporates the evaluation of the uncertainties, while the second one is a direct simplified calculation. Comparative considerations on the outcomes of the two methods for different seismic intensities are discussed, including the directionality effect of the ground-motion. To test the soundness of the simulations, the results of the two methods are compared with the real data collected through in-situ surveys. The procedures proposed here result, on average, in good agreement with the observed damage scenario. It is worth noting that, due to the inherent simplicity of the methods, they could be implemented to perform scenario-based seismic loss assessments to estimate the financial consequences of an earthquake affecting one or more industrial areas, and to drive the decision-making process for the seismic retrofit of existing precast RC buildings.
Evidence and Cognition
Authors: Taylor Samuel D. , Williamson Jon 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCognitive theorists routinely disagree about the evidence supporting claims in cognitive science. Here, we first argue that some disagreements about evidence in cognitive science are about the evidence available to be drawn upon by cognitive theorists. Then, we show that one’s explanation of why this first kind of disagreement obtains will cohere with one’s theory of evidence. We argue that the best explanation for why cognitive theorists disagree in this way is because their evidence is what they rationally grant. Finally, we explain why our view does not lead to a pernicious kind of relativism in cognitive science.
Spontaneous Collapse Theories and Temporal Primitivism about Time’s Direction
Authors: López Cristian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTwo views on the direction of time﻿ can be distinguished—primitivism and non-primitivism. According to the former, time’s direction is an in-built, fundamental property of the physical world. According to the latter, time’s direction is a derivative property of a fundamentally directionless reality. In the literature, non-primitivism has been widely supported since most (if not all) our fundamental dynamical laws are time-reversal invariant. In this paper, I offer a way out to the primitivist. I argue that we do have good grounds to support a primitive direction of time in the quantum realm. The rationale depends on exploiting the metaphysical and dynamical underdetermination of quantum theories to make a case in favor of primitivism. In particular, primitivism can be grounded in spontaneous collapse theories (e.g., GRW and CSL). The specific sense in which these theories capture a primitive direction of time is that, when the ontology of the theory is seriously taken into account, it does not remain invariant under time reversal. In taking GRW with a matter-density field (GRWm), I will argue that primitivism about the direction of time can be defended in the quantum case.
Short-scale laterally varying SK(K)S shear wave splitting at BFO, Germany — implications for the determination of anisotropic structures
Authors: Ritter Joachim R. R. , Fröhlich Yvonne , Sanz Alonso Yasmin , Grund Michael 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe splitting of SK(K)S phases is an important observational constraint to study past and present geodynamic processes in the Earth based on seismic anisotropy. The uniqueness of the derived models is unclear in most cases, because the azimuthal data coverage is often limited due to recordings from only a few backazimuthal directions. Here, we analyze an exceptional dataset from the permanent broadband seismological recording station Black Forest Observatory (BFO) in SW Germany with a very good backazimuthal coverage. This dataset well represents the potential teleseismic ray paths, which can be observed at Central European stations. Our results indicate that averaging splitting parameters over a wide or the whole backazimuthal range can blur both vertical and lateral variations of anisotropy. Within the narrow backazimuthal interval of 30–100°, we observe a complete flip of the fast polarization direction. Such a splitting pattern can be caused by two layers with about NW–SE (lower layer) and NE-SW (upper layer) fast polarization directions for shear wave propagation. However, the possible model parameters have quite a large scatter and represent only the structure to the northeast of BFO. In contrast, within the wide backazimuthal range 155–335°, we prevailingly determine null splits, hence, no signs for anisotropy. This null anomaly cannot be explained satisfactorily yet and is partly different to published regional anisotropy models. Our findings demonstrate that there is significant small-scale lateral variation of upper mantle anisotropy below SW Germany. Furthermore, even low-noise long-term recording over 25 years cannot properly resolve these anisotropic structural variations.
Effect of Mn on the chemical driving force and bainite transformation kinetics in medium-manganese alloys
Authors: Morawiec M. , Opara J. , Garcia-Mateo C. , Jimenez J. A. , Grajcar A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis work presents insights into the manganese influence on the driving force and bainite transformation kinetics. Three different medium-Mn steels were subjected to theoretical calculations and dilatometric study in order to determine the Mn impact on bainite formation. The theoretical approach shows that the increase of manganese leads to a lower bainite fraction formed during the isothermal stage. This implicates the carbon enrichment of the austenite during thermal treatment. The less bainite is formed, the higher is the fraction of residual austenite which enrichment of carbon is globally low. Meanwhile, the manganese influences the incubation and transformation time. As the manganese content increases, the incubation period and formation time of bainite are longer because the chemical driving force essential to start and complete austenite into bainite transformation decreases. This was proved by theoretical calculations and dilatometric analysis, which show that even a small increase in manganese content leads to a longer time necessary to occur the bainitic transformation. For the steel containing 5% manganese, the driving force was too small that the transformation could occur even after 3 h. Additionally, the XRD analysis was conducted to determine the retained austenite fraction and its carbon enrichment. These results were compared with the theoretical values to determine the accuracy of the applied model.
The Italian Association for Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) position statements for postoperative breast cancer radiation therapy volume, dose, and fractionation
Authors: Meattini Icro , Palumbo Isabella , Becherini Carlotta , Borghesi Simona , Cucciarelli Francesca , Dicuonzo Samantha , Fiorentino Alba , Spoto Ruggero , Poortmans Philip , Aristei Cynthia , Livi Lorenzo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent advances in non-metastatic breast cancer radiation therapy significantly reshaped our views on modern dose and fractionation schedules. Especially the advent of hypofractionation and partial breast irradiation defined a new concept of treatment optimization, that should strongly include both patient and tumour characteristics in the physician’s decision-making process. Unfortunately, hypofractionation for breast cancer radiation therapy needed long time to enter the routine practice during the last decades despite the level-1 evidence published over time. Hereby we present the Italian Association for Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) Breast Cancer Group position statements for postoperative breast cancer radiation therapy volume, dose, and fractionation to harmonically boost routine clinical practice implementation following evidence-based data.