bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The art of propaganda: marketing nationhood through visual imagery
Authors: Freathy Paul , Thomas Iris 
Published: April 2022

PurposeDuring the 17th century, the Dutch Republic sought to project a positive global image centred around the principles of economic endeavour, moral stewardship and military resilience. By illustrating one way in which the country sought to communicate its international position, the paper aims to provide an early example of political diplomacy and reputation management.Design/methodology/approachPictorial narratives provide an important but often underutilised insight into our cultural, social and economic history. As works of art were considered legitimate and authoritative forms of communication, their importance can lie beyond any aesthetic accomplishment. Using established iconographic techniques, this paper deconstructs and interprets the meaning contained within a specific genre painting,The Young Mother(1658) by Gerrit Dou.FindingsRather than being devoid of meaning,The Young Motherrepresents a narrative purposely constructed to symbolise the cultural, religious and economic character of the United Provinces. It celebrates success through global trade, innovation and enterprise while simultaneously reminding audiences of the country’s moral and spiritual foundations. Like the patriotic allegory of De Hollandse Maag protecting the sacred space of the hortus conclusus, the painting is a secular representation of the new Loca Sancta.Originality/valueWhile acknowledging thatThe Young Motherhas been praised for its visual qualities, this paper maintains that any broader political significance has been largely overlooked. The analysis and findings therefore offer original interpretations from which new conclusions are drawn.
The drivers of financial vulnerability and profitability: evidence from conventional and Islamic banks in Islamic finance-oriented countries
Authors: Parmankulova Indira , Issakhova Parida , Zhanabayeva Zhanar , Faizulayev Alimshan , Orazymbetova Kulzira 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the determinants of banking stability in the case of QISMUT + 3 countries (Qatar, Indonesia, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Pakistan, Kuwait and Bahrain). Both profitability of banks and non-performing loans were treated as dependent variables. Three variations are examined, the sample as a whole and separated to conventional banks (CBs) and Islamic banks (IBs).

Design/methodology/approach
Data from 208 banks, both IBs and CBs, were used from 2011 to 2018, after global financial crisis period. Two-step system generalized methods of moments and both feasible least squares and panel-corrected standard error models were used to ensure test the data.

Findings
Results suggest that both financial vulnerability and profitability affect each other in both banking systems. In addition, capital adequacy has a positive link with both dependent variables. Corruption varied and followed expectations but for the case of CBs alone with an unexpected negative relationship with profitability.

Practical implications
The findings are expected to help bankers, investors, academics and policymakers gain a better understanding of Islamic banking. The findings would be useful in developing policy for the development of the banking industries in these countries.

Originality/value
This study contributes to existing literature in three ways. First, this study investigates the factors influencing banking non-performing loans for a new class of countries – QISMUT + 3 within 2011–2018 period. Second, only a few studies use such a period, which is after the global financial crisis period. Finally, new indicators are used to determine the non-performing loans and profitability of both types of banks, such as Muslim Share and Share of IBs.
Hegemonic masculinity: representation of women surgeons in leadership positions in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Rabia , Sohail Rabia 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
Surgery is predominantly a masculine profession worldwide and has largely excluded women in leadership positions. This paper aims to examine the representation of women surgeons in leadership positions in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were drawn from larger qualitative research examining the experiences of women surgeons in Pakistani hospitals. The data comprises in-depth interviews with ten doctors working in the Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities. The participants were selected by using the purposive sampling method and data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Findings
This study included participants from diverse surgical specialties from different stages of their career with two having leadership experience. Based on participants’ perspectives several factors are responsible for this exclusion of women in leadership positions. The most prominent among these were long working hours for surgical leaders, greater responsibilities assigned to leadership positions, gender stereotypes and work–family conflict. Due to masculine hegemony, women were considered less capable and they were expected to have masculine traits to work as successful leaders. Interestingly, some participants had internalized such stereotypes and showed a lack of interest and lack of capabilities for surgical leadership as evident from their narratives.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of this paper are drawn from the perspectives of ten women surgeons working in Islamabad and Rawalpindi cities of Pakistan who were selected using a convenient sampling method. Hence, the results cannot be generalized to the larger population of women surgeons working in other cities of the country. Nevertheless, this study is unique in the sense that it provides useful insight into the experiences of the women surgeons and their perspectives on surgical leadership in Pakistani hospitals. Academically, it contributes to the global debates on surgical leadership by providing empirical evidence from Pakistan.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the larger debates on the under-representation of women in leadership positions in surgery by unveiling the experiences of female surgeons from Pakistan. It calls for the need for structural changes in health management and policy to accommodate women surgeons. Organizational efforts could minimize some hurdles and encourage more women to take on more formal leadership roles. The authors also call for an increasing number of women in surgery to pave the way for creating new leadership opportunities.
The effect of innovation on environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices
Authors: Dicuonzo Grazia , Donofrio Francesca , Ranaldo Simona , Dell'Atti Vittorio 
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate if and to what extent environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices are influenced by innovation, measured by investment in research and development (R&D) and the number of patents developed by companies.

Design/methodology/approach
To test this hypothesis, the authors estimated a regression model for the panel data considering a time horizon of eight years. The analysis was conducted on a sample of listed firms operating in the industrial sector in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK and the USA.

Findings
The empirical analysis shows that there is a positive and significant relationship between ESG practices and innovation. Companies investing more in R&D and patents have better ESG performance.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the existing literature by improving the understanding of the importance of innovation in improving ESG practices for firms in the industrial sector. Furthermore, it provides empirical evidence of the ability of innovation to be a valuable tool for sustainable industry development through R&D investment and patent development.
The diabetes health plan and medication adherence among individuals with low incomes
Authors: Narain Kimberly Danae Cauley , Turk Norman , Duru O. Kenrik , Moin Tannaz , Ho Sam , Mangione Carol M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo test the impact of the Diabetes Health Plan (DHP), a diabetes‐specific insurance plan that lowers out‐of‐pocket costs for diabetes‐related medications and clinical visits, on adherence to oral hypoglycemic medications among low‐income adults with Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM).Data Sources and Study SettingCohort of adults (18–64) with T2DM, an annual household income <USD 30,000, and who were continuously enrolled in an employer‐sponsored UnitedHealthcare plan for at least two years between 2009 and 2014.Study DesignWe employed a linear regression Difference‐In‐Differences (DID) approach with a matched comparison group. To assess for differential DHP effects across adherent versus non‐adherent patients, we ran a Difference‐in‐Difference‐in‐Differences (DDD) analysis by including an interaction term that included indicators for DHP exposure status and time, and low versus high baseline medication adherence.Data CollectionThe analytic data set is limited to employer groups that purchased the DHP and standard benefit plans from UnitedHealthcare, had internal pharmacy contracts; complete pharmacy claims data, and sufficient medical claims and lab data to identify employees and their dependents with T2DM.Principal FindingsOur DID analysis did not show improved medication adherence associated with employer DHP adoption. However, the DDD model suggested a difference between DHP‐exposed and comparison beneficiaries when comparing the relative effect on individuals who were adherent versus non‐adherent at baseline, as suggested by the significant three‐way interaction term (10.2,p = 0.028). This effect was driven by the 8.2 percentage point increase in medication adherence for the DHP subsample that was non‐adherent at baseline.ConclusionsThe DHP may benefit low‐income patients with low baseline medication adherence. Value‐based insurance design may be an important strategy for mitigating income disparities in T2DM outcomes.
An ecologist's guide for studying DNA methylation variation in wild vertebrates
Authors: Laine Veronika N. , Sepers Bernice , Lindner Melanie , Gawehns Fleur , Ruuskanen Suvi , van Oers Kees 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe field of molecular biology is advancing fast with new powerful technologies, sequencing methods and analysis software being developed constantly. Commonly used tools originally developed for research on humans and model species are now regularly used in ecological and evolutionary research. There is also a growing interest in the causes and consequences of epigenetic variation in natural populations. Studying ecological epigenetics is currently challenging, especially for vertebrate systems, because of the required technical expertise, complications with analyses and interpretation, and limitations in acquiring sufficiently high sample sizes. Importantly, neglecting the limitations of the experimental setup, technology and analyses may affect the reliability and reproducibility, and the extent to which unbiased conclusions can be drawn from these studies. Here, we provide a practical guide for researchers aiming to study DNA methylation variation in wild vertebrates. We review the technical aspects of epigenetic research, concentrating on DNA methylation using bisulfite sequencing, discuss the limitations and possible pitfalls, and how to overcome them through rigid and reproducible data analysis. This review provides a solid foundation for the proper design of epigenetic studies, a clear roadmap on the best practices for correct data analysis and a realistic view on the limitations for studying ecological epigenetics in vertebrates. This review will help researchers studying the ecological and evolutionary implications of epigenetic variation in wild populations.
Inappropriate shock delivery as a result of electromagnetic interference originating from the faulty electrical installation
Authors: Babic Milos D , Tomovic Milosav , Milosevic Maja , Djurdjevic Branko , Zugic Vasko , Nikolic Aleksandra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a case report of a 74‐year‐old male patient with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator who suffered an inappropriate defibrillation shock while bathing in the tub. Insight in the ICD stored electrogram episodes revealed electromagnetic interferences, with a typical 50 Hz electrical artifact mimicking fast ventricular tachycardia as a device misinterpreted. After this event, the maintenance workers investigated the electrical installation in the bathroom and revealed that there was voltage leaking between electrical installation and metal pipes. After the repair was completed without any additional programming, the patient has had no subsequent shocks.
Healthcare expenditure of intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors compared with dexamethasone implant for diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Hertzberg Silvia NW , Moe Morten Carstens , Jørstad Øystein Kalsnes , Petrovski Beáta Éva , Burger Emily , Petrovski Goran 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of this study was to estimate the 1‐year costs associated with treating diabetic macular oedema (DME) patients using current intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) biologics compared with the dexamethasone implant.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive cost‐evaluation analysis using data from Oslo University Hospital and literature to compare three different intravitreal drugs forDME: bevacizumab, aflibercept and dexamethasone. Stratification of patients into ‘Naive’ or ‘Switch’ group was based on treatment history. We estimated the costs from healthcare and ‘extended’ healthcare perspectives. Sensitivity analysis evaluated the impact of various parameters.ResultsThe average injections per patient per year for the Naive group (bevacizumab), Switch group (aflibercept) and dexamethasone were 9.5, 9.1 and 3.0 respectively. From a healthcare perspective, the 1‐year costs for the Naive group were 15% lower (bevacizumab, €3619), and for the Switch group, 23% higher (aflibercept, €5226) compared with dexamethasone (€4252). The ‘extended’ healthcare perspective showed the cost per patient per year for bevacizumab remained nominally lower in the Naive group, while dexamethasone remained lower for the Switch group (€5116 for dexamethasone, compared to €4987 for bevacizumab and €6537 for aflibercept).ConclusionsFrom a primary healthcare perspective, the dexamethasone as a first‐lineDMEtreatment may increase economic costs in settings where bevacizumab is used off‐label. Treating resistantDMEwith dexamethasone may reduce the costs and treatment burden compared with switching to aflibercept.
The lifestyles of Bronze Age Zagros highlanders at Deh Dumen, Iran: Insights from midshaft femur cross‐sectional geometry and histology
Authors: Miszkiewicz Justyna J. , Stewart Tahlia J. , Naseri Reza , Sołtysiak Arkadiusz 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLate Bronze Age multiple human burials from Deh Dumen, Iran, were uncovered in the Zagros Mountains. Using cross‐sectional geometry and histology, a sample (n = 23) of fragmented femora from these burials was examined to test for possible adaptation to transhumant pastoralism. Midshaft femur remodelling and modelling characteristics examined across males, females and age‐at‐death groups partly indicated sex‐specific pastoralist behaviours and possible experiences of walking on rugged terrain in this small sample. We discuss the value of combining histology and cross‐sectional geometry techniques when attempting to reconstruct past human behaviours in multiple burial contexts.
A new method for computational cultural cartography: From neural word embeddings to transformers and Bayesian mixture models
Authors: McLevey John V. P. , Crick Tyler , Browne Pierson , Durant Darrin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRecently, computational social scientists have proposed exciting new methods for ‘mapping meaning space’ and analysing the structure and evolution of complex cultural constructs from large text datasets. These emerging approaches to ‘cultural cartography’ are based on a foundation of neural network word embeddings that represent the meaning of words, in relation to one another, as vectors in a shared high‐dimensional latent space. These new methods have the potential to revolutionize sociological analyses of culture, but in their current form, they are dually limited. First, by relying on traditional word embeddings they are limited to learning a single vector representation for each word, collapsing together the diverse semantic contexts that words are used in and which give them their heterogeneous meanings. Second, the vector operations that researchers use to construct larger ‘cultural dimensions’ from traditional embeddings can result in a complex vector soup that can propagate many small and difficult‐to‐detect errors throughout the cultural analysis, compromising validity. In this article, we discuss the strengths and limitations of computational ‘cultural cartography’ based on traditional word embeddings and propose an alternative approach that overcomes these limitations by pairing contextual representations learned by newly invented transformer models with Bayesian mixture models. We demonstrate our method of computational cultural cartography with an exploratory analysis of the structure and evolution of 120 years of scholarly discourse on democracy and autocracy.
The opportunistic trophic behaviour of the European catfish (Silurus glanis) in a recently colonised large peri‐alpine lake
Authors: Vagnon Chloé , Bazin Simon , Cattanéo Franck , Goulon Chloé , Guillard Jean , Frossard Victor 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe European catfish (Silurus glanis) recently colonised large peri‐alpine lakes where its exploitation of the different lake habitats (i.e. littoral, pelagic and deep benthic) may be supported by interindividual trophic variations fostering its establishment. We investigated the prey and lake habitats supporting S. glanis diet in the largest French peri‐alpine lake (Lake Bourget) based on the contents of 231 stomachs combined with 217 individual stable isotope measurements (δ13C and δ15N). The interindividual diet variations in stomachs and isotopes were quantified to identify individual specialisation within the population. The effects of body size on trophic characteristics were also explored. For most individuals, a major reliance on littoral resources was determined based on both stomach contents (86% of prey items) and stable isotopes using Bayesian mixing models (BMMs; 70.3 ± 9.6% contributions of the littoral resources). However, pelagic and deep benthic prey (e.g. whitefish and burbot) were also identified, and BMMs indicated significant contributions of pelagic and deep benthic resources to S. glanis diets (15.8 ± 5.3% and 13.9 ± 5.2% respectively). Interindividual variations based on stomach contents were much higher than those estimated from stable isotopes, supporting an opportunistic trophic behaviour; although the population strongly relied on crayfish, perch and roach. Body size explained a minor fraction of S. glanis trophic characteristics, suggesting that ontogeny does not strongly structure the current population diet. Our results underscore the feeding plasticity of S. glanis, revealing that besides the littoral habitat, this invader exploits resources from all habitats in large peri‐alpine lakes (deep benthic and pelagic). Therefore, its establishment in these ecosystems may represent a growing threat to resident species, especially if the population and individual body size increase in the near future.
New insight into the neural mechanisms of migraine in adolescents: Relationships with sleep
Authors: Nahman‐Averbuch Hadas , Schneider Victor J. , Lee Gregory R. , Peugh James L. , Hershey Andrew D. , Powers Scott W. , de Zambotti Massimiliano , Coghill Robert C. , King Christopher D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis case‐control study examines if measures of subjective and objective (actigraphic) sleep difficulties mediate alterations in amygdalar connectivity in adolescents with migraine compared to healthy adolescents.BackgroundAdolescents with migraine have different functional connectivity of the amygdala compared to individuals without migraine. Sleep is often disturbed in adolescents with migraine, and could contribute to the alterations in functional connectivity.MethodsTwenty adolescents with migraine and 20 healthy controls were recruited from Cincinnati Children’s Hospital. Participants completed surveys about their headaches and overall sleep quality, sleep hygiene, and perceived sleep difficulties (Insomnia Severity Scale [ISI]); completed wrist‐worn actigraphy; and underwent a magnetic resonance imaging scan.ResultsAdolescents with migraine differed from healthy controls only in perceived difficulty in sleep initiation and maintenance (ISI: 8.5 ± 4.7 and 4.5 ± 3.7 [mean ± standard deviation], −4.00 [95% confidence: −6.7 to −1.3], p = 0.005) and had greater functional connectivity between the amygdala and the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, dorsolateral prefrontal, sensorimotor, and the occipital cortexes. The differences in functional connectivity of the amygdala were not mediated by the subjective/objective sleep measures (ISI/wake minutes after sleep onset).ConclusionsAdolescents with migraine have greater connectivity between the amygdala and areas involved in sensory, affective, and cognitive aspects of pain. These alterations may not be due to higher levels of sleep difficulties in adolescents with migraine, suggesting that both amygdala and sleep alterations may play an independent role in migraine pathophysiology. This advances the understanding of the mechanisms underlying pediatric migraine and can potentially advance migraine management.
The use of erenumab for migraine prophylaxis during pregnancy: A case report and narrative review
Authors: Vig Sierra J. , Garza Julia , Tao Yunting 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report a case of a woman who continued erenumab for migraine prophylaxis throughout her pregnancy and to review the literature for pregnancy safety data for the calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) receptor and ligand‐directed therapies currently approved for migraine prophylaxis in the United States.BackgroundMigraine is a common headache disorder that can be significantly disabling. Many people experiencing migraine seek out preventative therapies to improve their quality of life. Unfortunately, currently approved prophylactic agents may not be safe to use during pregnancy, potentially limiting the use of these agents in women of childbearing potential. As the newest class of prophylactic agents for migraine, CGRP agents have limited pregnancy safety data in humans.MethodsA review of the literature was conducted through the PubMed database using the terms pregnancy and either erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab, eptinezumab, rimegepant, or atogepant. Additional sources of information such as prescribing information, assessment reports submitted to the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and manufacturer data were sought.ResultsOne case report was found in the literature documenting a human pregnancy with no adverse effects in the baby after exposure to erenumab. However, the last dose was administered in the second week of pregnancy and discontinued thereafter. The evaluation of 92 safety reports describing maternal exposure prior to or during pregnancy to either erenumab, galcanezumab, or fremanezumab was located. Incidence of miscarriage and congenital anomalies appear to be similar to rates in the general population.ConclusionsThe use of erenumab during pregnancy in our patient resulted in no known harm to the child. This case is unique in that the mother continued to receive erenumab throughout the pregnancy. Safety data is lacking regarding the use of these agents during pregnancy, despite their frequent use in women of childbearing potential.