bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“To Abjure Popish Heresys”: Crafting a Borderlands Gospel during Queen Anne’s War at St. James Parish, South Carolina, 1701–20
Authors: Fritz Timothy David 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In 1706, local authorities institutionalized the Church of England in South Carolina hoping to bring Carolinian social practice into conformity with that of the metropole. Anglican missionaries worked to install religious instruction as a pillar of community identity in this contested space. Employing the specter of war and popery—and the associated fear of slave rebellion—helped ministers Samuel Thomas and Francis LeJau articulate a borderland-specific conception of race, place, and paternal responsibility in an aggressively expanding colony from 1701 to 1720. Utilizing correspondence surrounding the activities of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (SPG), this article asserts that rather than serving as a link to English society, the Anglican missions of the SPG functioned as an ideological space for creating a distinct regional identity. Thomas and LeJau crafted a community-specific application of Anglican beliefs, working out their conceptions of religious practice concerning the threats presented by Spanish attempts to secure the loyalty of Yamasees Indians and enslaved Africans. Understanding how fear operated in the southeastern borderlands provides a nuanced understanding of how colonialism operated in the southern colonies.
Assessment of the accuracy of measures in the 1829 southern double star catalogue of James Dunlop
Authors: Letchford Roderick R , White Graeme L , Brown Carolyn J 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTIn 1829 James Dunlop published the first southern double star catalogue of some 253 double stars. The accuracy of this catalogue has been determined by using Aladin to cross-match them with Gaia DR2 and estimate their positional (right ascension, declination, position angle, and separation) and magnitude accuracy. Seven per cent could not be identified using Aladin and 14 were single stars. We found 13 double stars (5 per cent) not currently listed in the Washington Double Star Catalog. The catalogue equinox was determined as B1826.0. Overall, 1σ uncertainties in right ascension were within 1 sidereal minute and declinations within 10 arcmin. We also identified and corrected a number of Quadrant errors in the position angles and quantified the separations. Apparent visual magnitude estimates were generally within 1 mag. Dunlop’s overall uncertainties were larger than those of his contemporaries, nevertheless the little known catalogue remains valuable as the earliest source of over 200 double star astrometric and visual magnitude estimates.
IDH-mutated gliomas promote epileptogenesis through d-2-hydroxyglutarate-dependent mTOR hyperactivation
Authors: Mortazavi Armin , Fayed Islam , Bachani Muzna , Dowdy Tyrone , Jahanipour Jahandar , Khan Anas , Owotade Jemima , Walbridge Stuart , Inati Sara K , Steiner Joseph , Wu Jing , Gilbert Mark , Yang Chun Zhang , Larion Mioara , Maric Dragan , Ksendzovsky Alexander , Zaghloul Kareem A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Uncontrolled seizures in patients with gliomas have a significant impact on quality of life and morbidity, yet the mechanisms through which these tumors cause seizures remain unknown. Here, we hypothesize that the active metabolite d-2-hydroxyglutarate (d-2-HG) produced by the IDH-mutant enzyme leads to metabolic disruptions in surrounding cortical neurons that consequently promote seizures.

Methods
We use a complementary study of in vitro neuron-glial cultures and electrographically sorted human cortical tissue from patients with IDH-mutant gliomas to test this hypothesis. We utilize micro-electrode arrays for in vitro electrophysiological studies in combination with pharmacological manipulations and biochemical studies to better elucidate the impact of d-2-HG on cortical metabolism and neuronal spiking activity.

Results
We demonstrate that d-2-HG leads to increased neuronal spiking activity and promotes a distinct metabolic profile in surrounding neurons, evidenced by distinct metabolomic shifts and increased LDHA expression, as well as upregulation of mTOR signaling. The increases in neuronal activity are induced by mTOR activation and reversed with mTOR inhibition.

Conclusion
Together, our data suggest that metabolic disruptions in the surrounding cortex due to d-2-HG may be a driving event for epileptogenesis in patients with IDH-mutant gliomas.
Trends in Cigarette Marketing Expenditures, 1975–2019: An Analysis of Federal Trade Commission Cigarette Reports
Authors: Ma Haijing , Reimold Alexandria E , Ribisl Kurt M 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionWith tightened regulations on cigarette marketing and decreased smoking, the major tobacco companies quickly shifted their marketing expenditures in recent decades to maintain profits. We investigated cigarette marketing expenditures in the United States from 1975 through 2019 to examine the trends in cigarette marketing expenditures over the past 45 years.Aims and MethodsCigarette marketing expenditure data were obtained from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) cigarette reports, 1975–2019. Based on individual expenditure categories included in the FTC reports, we created seven aggregate categories for marketing expenditures: Retail; Print; Out of home; Free tobacco products and gifts; Sports, public entertainment, and sponsorships; Telephone and digital; and Other. Dollar amounts and percentages by category were examined to assess trends in marketing expenditures.ResultsCigarette marketing expenditures increased since 1975 and peaked in 2003 at $21.1 billion (adjusted dollars); afterward, they declined dramatically until 2010 and remained stable at around $9 billion through 2019. While all other expenditures decreased, retail expenditures increased, comprising more than 50% of expenditures in 1988 and reaching about 98% in 2019. In the retail category, tobacco companies spent the most on promotional allowances, coupons, and retail-value-added bonuses between 1988 and 2003, after which price discounts dominated retail spending.ConclusionsOverall, cigarette marketing expenditures peaked in 2003 and retail first became the leading category in 1988. Tobacco companies adapted their marketing strategies in retail and allocated most of their retail spending on price discounts since 2003 to lower cigarette prices.ImplicationsThe major US tobacco companies directed the bulk of their vast spending on the retail environment since 1988. Moreover, they have dramatically shifted their marketing strategies within the retail category from cigarette advertising before 2003 to customer-directed price discounts since then. This shift may imply a change in focus from recruiting new smokers to retaining current smokers, in response to tax increases and government regulations. Accordingly, restrictions on price-related promotions in retail and nontax strategies should be implemented to counter tobacco companies’ marketing efforts in retail.
Efficacy and Safety of Apatinib in Patients with Recurrent or Refractory Melanoma
Authors: Yuan Shumin , Fu Qiang , Zhao Lingdi , Fu Xiaomin , Li Tiepeng , Han Lu , Qin Peng , Ren Yingkun , Huo Mingke , Li Zhimeng , Lu Chaomin , Yuan Long , Gao Quanli , Wang Zibing 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
The prognosis of patients with metastatic malignant melanoma is very poor and partly due to resistance to conventional chemotherapies. The study’s objectives were to assess the activity and tolerability of apatinib, an oral small molecule anti-angiogenesis inhibitor, in patients with recurrent advanced melanoma.

Methods
This was a single-arm, single-center phase II trial. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and the secondary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and overall survival (OS). Eligible patients had received at least one first-line therapy for advanced melanoma and experienced recurrence. Apatinib (500 mg) was orally administered daily.

Results
Fifteen patients (V660E BRAF status: 2 mutation, 2 unknown, 11 wild type) were included in the analysis. The median PFS was 4.0 months. There were two major objective responses, for a 13.3% response rate. Eleven patients had stable disease, with a DCR of 86.7%. The median OS was 12.0 months. The most common treatment-related adverse events of any grade were hypertension (80.0%), mucositis oral (33.3%), hand-foot skin reaction (26.7%), and liver function abnormalities, hemorrhage, diarrhea (each 20%). The only grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse effects that occurred in 2 patients was hypertension (6.7%) and mucositis (6.7%). No treatment-related deaths occurred.

Conclusion
Apatinib showed antitumor activity as a second- or above-line therapy in patients with malignant melanoma. The toxicity was manageable.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT03383237
ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 2 vesicular delivery to the apical plasma membrane domain during Arabidopsis root hair development
Authors: Kuběnová Lenka , Tichá Michaela , Šamaj Jozef , Ovečka Miroslav 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root hairs develop as long tubular extensions from the rootward pole of trichoblasts and exert polarized tip growth. The establishment and maintenance of root hair polarity is a complex process involving the local apical production of reactive oxygen species generated by A. thaliana nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C/ROOT HAIR-DEFECTIVE 2 (AtRBOHC/RHD2). Loss-of-function root hair defective 2 (rhd2) mutants have short root hairs that are unable to elongate by tip growth, and this phenotype is fully complemented by GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP)-RHD2 expressed under the RHD2 promoter. However, the spatiotemporal mechanism of AtRBOHC/RHD2 subcellular redistribution and delivery to the plasma membrane (PM) during root hair initiation and tip growth are still unclear. Here, we used advanced microscopy for detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of vesicular compartments containing GFP-RHD2 and characterization of their movements in developing bulges and growing root hairs. These compartments, identified by an independent molecular marker mCherry-VTI12 as the trans-Golgi network (TGN), deliver GFP-RHD2 to the apical PM domain, the extent of which corresponds with the stage of root hair formation. Movements of TGN/early endosomes, but not late endosomes, were affected in the bulging domains of the rhd2-1 mutant. Finally, we revealed that structural sterols might be involved in the accumulation, docking, and incorporation of TGN compartments containing GFP-RHD2 to the apical PM of root hairs. These results help in clarifying the mechanism of polarized AtRBOHC/RHD2 targeting, maintenance, and recycling at the apical PM domain, coordinated with different developmental stages of root hair initiation and growth.
Decreasing Postoperative Opioid Prescriptions After Orthopedic Trauma Surgery: The “Lopioid” Protocol
Authors: Landes Emma K , Leucht Philipp , Tejwani Nirmal C , Ganta Abhishek , McLaurin Toni M , Lyon Thomas R , Konda Sanjit R , Egol Kenneth A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of a multimodal analgesic regimen containing “safer” opioid and non-narcotic pain medications in decreasing opioid prescriptions after surgical fixation in orthopedic trauma.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
One urban, academic medical center.

Subjects
Patients with traumatic fracture from 2018 (n=848) and 2019 (n=931).

Methods
In 2019, our orthopedic trauma division began a standardized protocol of postoperative pain medications that included 50 mg of tramadol four times daily, 15 mg of meloxicam once daily, 200 mg gabapentin twice daily, and 1 g of acetaminophen every 6 hours as needed. This multimodal regimen was dubbed the “Lopioid” protocol. We compared patients who received this protocol with all patients from the prior year who had followed a standard protocol that included Schedule II narcotics.

Results
Greater mean morphine milligram equivalents were prescribed at discharge from fracture surgery under the standard protocol than under the Lopioid protocol (252.3 vs 150.0; P &lt; 0.001), and there was a difference in the type of opioid medication prescribed (P &lt; 0.001). There was a difference in the number of refills filled for patients discharged with opioids after surgical treatment between the standard and Lopioid cohorts (0.31 vs 0.21; P = 0.002). There were no differences in the types of medication-related complications (P = 0.710) or the need for formal pain management consults (P = 0.199), but patients in the Lopioid cohort had lower pain scores at discharge (2.2 vs 2.7; P = 0.001).

Conclusions
The Lopioid protocol was effective in decreasing the amount of Schedule II narcotics prescribed at discharge and the number of opioid refills after orthopedic surgery for fractures.
The Bureaucratic Ethos in Street-Level Work: Revitalizing Weber’s Ethics of Office
Authors: Møller Anne Mette , Pedersen Kirstine Zinck , Pors Anja Svejgaard 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite the centrality of bureaucracy to both the theory and the realities of street-level bureaucracy, street-level scholars have rarely engaged with the concept of bureaucracy as such. We argue that Weber’s perspective on bureaucracy represents an indispensable source that may help us align the theoretical foundation of street-level scholarship with its empirical findings and bring attention to aspects of street-level work that are often overlooked. Drawing on a value-based reading of Weber, we propose an ethics of office-approach that allows us to see frontline workers’ discretionary practices as an integrated aspect of their bureaucratic ethos, which enables them to handle complex demands and multiple obligations. The ethics of office-approach further recognizes that their actual possibilities for doing so are related to their training and expertise within specific life orders characterized by different purposes and ethical codes. The approach therefore calls for contextual sensitivity. To develop our argument, and demonstrate the analytical range and usefulness of the ethics of office-approach, we present three case examples based on ethnographic studies of midwifery care, child protection, and citizen services.
Physical Therapists in Oncology Settings: Experiences in Delivering Cancer Rehabilitation Services, Barriers to Care, and Service Development Needs
Authors: Brennan Louise , Sheill Grainne , O’Neill Linda , O’Connor Louise , Smyth Emily , Guinan Emer 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
Physical therapist-delivered rehabilitation aims to manage the side effects of cancer and its treatments. Although access to cancer rehabilitation is not yet a standard of care in many countries, physical therapists practice in many types of cancer services with different cancer populations. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of physical therapists in cancer care practice with regard to their role, the factors influencing service delivery and development, and physical therapists’ professional development needs.

Methods
In this qualitative study with semistructured interviews, physical therapists in cancer care settings in the Republic of Ireland were interviewed via telephone. Participants (n = 17) represented a variety of clinical settings and roles. Two researchers performed thematic analysis of transcriptions using a semantic, inductive approach. Key themes and codes were identified and illustrative quotes were selected.

Results
Six main themes were found: the need for more services, barriers to service development and delivery, a lack of awareness of the role of physical therapy, facilitators to service development, goals for the future of oncology physical therapy, and training needs of staff.

Conclusions
Physical therapists provide valuable interventions across the spectrum of cancer care but experience barriers to the delivery and development of services. Investment in oncology physical therapy and developing international standards of care will allow physical therapists to meet the rehabilitation needs of survivors of cancer.

Impact
As international guidelines increasingly recommend development of cancer rehabilitation programs, it is important to understand physical therapists’ experiences of working in cancer care to assist in the development of effective oncology physical therapy services. This study demonstrates that physical therapist–led cancer rehabilitation services need investment and public promotion to enable the provision of optimal services to all patients with cancer and to meet standards of care.
Landscaping the Three-Volume Novel: Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice and Mansfield Park
Authors: Sharren Kandice 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The importance to Jane Austen’s writing of the picturesque theory that emerged in the second half of the eighteenth century has been well established, from how it influenced stylistic choices to the commentary she offers on land ownership. This article reconsiders the relationship between picturesque theory and plot as it relates to the material forms that shaped the novel in the early nineteenth century, namely the three-volume structure that became the norm in the 1810s. This article argues that, in Pride and Prejudice and Mansfield Park, the metaphorical landscape of the plot is shaped in response to this three-volume structure; considering her novels through the lens of prospects and boundaries that correspond to volumes reveals the extent to which her narrative practice responds to the increasingly standard three-volume structure. But whereas the plot of Pride and Prejudice is naturalized within the structure of its volumes, resulting in a plot that conforms to the picturesque’s aim of concealing artifice, Mansfield Park uses landscapes and geographical locations to limit the reader’s perspective, resulting in an abrupt conclusion that draws attention to the boundaries of the book, thereby denaturalizing the plot within it and the ubiquity of the marriage plot more generally.
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: the disruptor that maintenance dialysis never anticipated
Authors: Weinhandl Eric D. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has upended maintenance dialysis in the United States. I review changes in prevalence, incidence, mortality, and other clinical outcomes among patients undergoing dialysis since March 2020, highlighting vulnerabilities in the current system and opportunities for improved care in the future.

Recent findings
The number of dialysis patients in the United States declined between March 2020 and March 2021, an unprecedented year-over-year drop in the census. Some of the decline can be attributed to an early drop in patients initiating dialysis but most of the decline can be attributed to excess mortality. Kidney transplants also declined during the early part of the pandemic. Home dialysis utilization increased during 2020 but that increase was largely in line with secular trends. The rate of hospitalization for causes other than COVID-19 fell significantly during 2020.

Summary
The epidemiology of dialysis in the United States is clearly modifiable, as it reflects decisions to initiate treatment, prescribe home therapies, and hospitalize patients with acute medical needs. On the other hand, some outcomes are powerfully guided by health outcomes in the general population, thus limiting the ability of dialysis providers and nephrologists to influence outcomes.
Cholangiopathies and the noncoding revolution
Authors: Gradilone Sergio , Brunetti-Pierri Nicola , Piccolo Pasquale 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) among others, have attracted a great deal of attention for their potential role as master regulators of gene expression and as therapeutic targets. This review focuses on recent advances on the role of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the cholangiocytes (i.e. cholangiopathies).

Recent findings
In the recent years, there has been an exponential growth in the knowledge on ncRNAs and their role in cholangiopathies, particularly cholangiocarcinoma.

Summary
Although several studies focused on miRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and staging, several studies also highlighted their functions and provided new insights into disease mechanisms.
Patients' Perspective of the Impacts of Group Psychoeducation for Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Weiner Luisa , Li Chen Che Muriel , Bertschy Gilles , Weibel Sébastien 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Little is known regarding the mechanisms involved in the clinical improvement of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) after group psychoeducation. We aimed at investigating these mechanisms by focusing on their subjective experience. Thirteen patients with BD aged 35.54 (SD, 12.06) were recruited. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four high-order themes were identified: a) relationship among patients, b) effect of the facilitation style, c) program-related factors, and d) subjective impacts. “Relationships among patients” included a lower-ordered theme evoked by all participants, that is, “shared experiences.” Shared experiences included acknowledging that BD has a neurobiological substrate and that its manifestations are similar in BD; the social support and empowering message of those who have managed to exert control over the illness were also highlighted. Our results shed some light on the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of group psychoeducation. The shared experience of patients seems to play an important role, probably through destigmatization.
Ketofol for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Iqbal Ammarah U. , Shuster Megan E. , Baum Carl R. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The combination of ketamine and propofol, commonly referred to as ketofol, is sometimes used for procedural sedation and analgesia in the pediatric emergency department. This article reviews the pharmacology, dosing, and indications, as well as adverse effects and contraindications of ketamine, propofol, and ketofol.
Invasive aspergillosis in coronavirus disease 2019: a practical approach for clinicians
Authors: Lamoth Frederic 
Published: January 2022

Purpose of review
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) can affect patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but many questions remain open about its very variable incidence across the world, the actual link between the viral infection and the fungal superinfection, the significance of Aspergillus recovery in a respiratory sample, and the management of such cases. This review addresses these questions and aims at providing some clues for the practical diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) in a clinical perspective.

Recent findings
Definitions have been proposed for possible/probable/proven CAPA, but distinction between colonization and invasive fungal infection is difficult and not possible in most cases in the absence of histopathological proof or positive galactomannan in serum. Most importantly, the recovery of an Aspergillus by a direct (culture, PCR) or indirect (galactomannan) test in a respiratory sample is an indicator of worse outcome, which justifies a screening for early detection and initiation of preemptive antifungal therapy in such cases.

Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased our awareness of IPA among ICU patients. Although current recommendations are mainly based on experts’ opinions, prospective studies are needed to get more evidence-based support for the diagnostic approach and management of CAPA.