bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new strategy for the decellularization of whole organs by hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Morales‐Guerrero Nelly A. , Varela‐Echavarría Alfredo , Lozano‐Flores Carlos , Vázquez‐Cuevas Francisco G. , Velázquez‐Miranda Erandi , Reyes‐López Julián V. , García‐Solís Pablo , Solís‐S Juan Carlos , Hernandez‐Montiel Hebert Luis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTissue engineering has been able to develop novel decellularization‐recellularization techniques, which facilitates the research for the generation of functional organs. This is based in the initial obtention of the organ's extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, any improvement in the decellularization process would have a positive impact in the results of the recellularization process. Nevertheless, commonly the methods and equipment employed for this process are expensive and thus limit the access of this technique to various research groups globally. To develop a decellularization technique with the exclusive use of hydrostatic pressure of detergent solutions, to have an easily accessible and low‐cost technique that meets the basic requirements of acellularity and functionality of the ECM. This experimental study was performed in 10 male Wistar rats, obtaining the liver to carry out serial washes, with 1%, 2%, and 3% Triton X‐100 solutions and 0.1% SDS. The washes were performed by using a gravity perfusion system (GPS), which assured us a continuous hydrostatic pressure of 7.5 mmHg. The obtained ECM was processed using stains and immunostaining to determine the residual cell content and preservation of its components. The staining showed a removal of cellular and nuclear components of approximately 97% of the acellular ECM, with an adequate three‐dimensional pattern of collagen and proteoglycans. Furthermore, the acellular ECM allowed the viability of a primary hepatocyte culture. The use of the GPS decellularization technique allowed us to obtain an acellular and functional ECM, drastically reducing experimentation costs.
Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen into Ammonia and Hydrazine by Using Chromium Complexes Bearing PCP‐Type Pincer Ligands**
Authors: Ashida Yuya , Egi Akihito , Arashiba Kazuya , Tanaka Hiromasa , Mitsumoto Taichi , Kuriyama Shogo , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA series of chromium‐halide, ‐nitride, and ‐dinitrogen complexes bearing carbene‐ and phosphine‐based PCP‐type pincer ligands has been newly prepared, and some of them are found to work as effective catalysts to reduce dinitrogen under atmospheric pressure, whereby up to 11.60 equiv. of ammonia and 2.52 equiv. of hydrazine (16.6 equiv. of fixed N atom) are produced based on the chromium atom. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful example of chromium‐catalyzed conversion of dinitrogen to ammonia and hydrazine under mild reaction conditions.
Estimation of conditional cumulative incidence functions under generalized semiparametric regression models with missing covariates, with application to analysis of biomarker correlates in vaccine trials
Authors: Sun Yanqing , Heng Fei , Lee Unkyung , Gilbert Peter B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article presents generalized semiparametric regression models for conditional cumulative incidence functions with competing risks data when covariates are missing by sampling design or happenstance. A doubly robust augmented inverse probability weighted (AIPW) complete‐case approach to estimation and inference is investigated. This approach modifies IPW complete‐case estimating equations by exploiting the key features in the relationship between the missing covariates and the phase‐one data to improve efficiency. An iterative numerical procedure is derived to solve the nonlinear estimating equations. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established. A simulation study examining the finite‐sample performances of the proposed estimators shows that the AIPW estimators are more efficient than the IPW estimators. The developed method is applied to the RV144 HIV‐1 vaccine efficacy trial to investigate vaccine‐induced IgG binding antibodies to HIV‐1 as correlates of acquisition of HIV‐1 infection while taking account of whether the HIV‐1 sequences are near or far from the HIV‐1 sequences represented in the vaccine construct.
Ring dust structures in a weak inhomogeneous magnetic field
Authors: Kodanova Sandugash , Abdirakhmanov Assan , D'yachkov Lev , Bastykova Nuriya , Ramazanov Tlekkabul 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExperimental results on the influence of an external inhomogeneous magnetic field created in the end areas of the coil on the dynamics of a ring‐shaped dust structure in a stratified glow discharge in argon are presented. The rotational behaviour of the ring was investigated at different magnetic fields in the range up to 16 mT. It was found that the direction of rotational motion of dust particles in an inhomogeneous magnetic field depends on the direction of its radial component. A theoretical model was proposed to explain the experimental observations.
Comparative diagnostic utility of metagenomic next‐generation sequencing, GeneXpert, modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining, and culture using cerebrospinal fluid for tuberculous meningitis: A multi‐center, retrospective study in China
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Wang Yuqing , Liu Xiaojin , Li Wen , Fu Hongyi , Liu Xinyan , Zhang Xun , Zhou Xueqin , Yang Bingzhou , Yao Jie , Ma Xiaolei , Han Lijun , Li Huan , Zheng Liheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis of tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) remains a great challenge during clinical practice. The diagnostic efficacies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)‐based mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture, modified Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining, Xpert MTB/RIF, and metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) for TBM remained elusive.MethodsA total of 216 adult patients with suspicious TBM were retrospectively enrolled in this multi‐cohort study. The diagnostic performances for MGIT, modified ZN staining, Xpert MTB/RIF, and mNGS using CSF samples were evaluated.ResultsUniform clinical case definition classified 88 (40.7%) out of 216 patients as the definite TBM, 5 (2.3%) patients as probable TBM cases, and 24 (11.1%) patients as possible TBM cases. The sensitivities of MGIT, modified ZN staining, Xpert MTB/RIF, and mNGS for TBM diagnosis against consensus uniform case definition for definite TBM were 25.0%, 76.1%, 73.9%, and 84.1%, respectively. Negative predictive values (NPVs) were 66.0%, 85.9%, 84.8%, and 90.1%, respectively. The sensitivities of MGIT, modified ZN staining, Xpert MTB/RIF, and mNGS for TBM diagnosis against consensus uniform case definition for definite, probable, and possible TBM were 18.8%, 57.3%, 55.5%, and 63.2%, respectively. Negative predictive values (NPVs) were 51.0%, 66.4%, 65.6%, and 69.7%, respectively. mNGS combined with modified ZN stain and Xpert could cover TBM cases against a composite microbiological reference standard, yielding 100% specificity and 100% NPV.ConclusionMetagenomic next‐generation sequencing detected TBM with higher sensitivity than Xpert, ZN staining and MGIT culture, but mNGS cannot be used as a rule‐out test. mNGS combined with Xpert or modified ZN staining could enhance the sensitivity of diagnostic tests for TBM.
Predatory journals and publishers: Characteristics and impact of academic spam to researchers in educational sciences
Authors: Sureda‐Negre Jaume , Calvo‐Sastre Aina , Comas‐Forgas Rubén 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study focuses on the phenomenon of presumed predatory scientific publications in the field of Educational Sciences, and the utilization of email by editors to request manuscripts. It examined, using content analysis methods, 210 emails received by three professors of the field of Education, at a Spanish university with different research profiles over a period of 3 months. Through analysis of the unsolicited emails a total of 139 journals and 37 publishers were identified and examined using: (a) the two main predatory journal inventories (Beall's list and Cabells' Predatory Reports), and (b) six of the major scientific bibliographic databases. The publishers and their websites were also analyzed, as well as the basic aspects of the emails' content. The majority of the unsolicited emails were from predatory journals or publishers and half of the article requests did not match the field of the recipient. In addition, it is relevant to note that more than half of the domains of predatory publishers analysed have untrustworthy security levels. The data provided relevant information on the phenomenon of predation in scientific publications in the field of Education and, most importantly, provided evidence for developing training and preventive strategies to tackle it.
Assessment of the incidence and course of mandibular incisive canals in a Japanese population with cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Ogawa Atsushi , Ikeda Yunosuke , Kogi Shintaro , Takahashi Noriaki , Nakasato Shigeki , Izumisawa Mitsuru , Fujimura Akira , Yamada Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimThe mandibular incisive canal (MIC) is a continuation of the mandibular canal anterior to the mental foramen. This observational study was designed to assess the incidence and anatomical parameters of the MIC in a Japanese population using dental cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodsCBCT images from 156 patients were acquired and processed using the Planmeca Romexis software. The frequency of the MIC; the length of the MIC; the diametter of the MIC; the distance between the mandibular border, MIC origin, and MIC termination were measured.ResultsMICs were visible in 91.0% of the scans. The mean length was 9.9 ± 6.0 mm, and the average diameter was 1.8 ± 0.7 mm. On average, the MIC was located 11.5 ± 2.6 mm from the lower cortical border and continued towards the incisor region in a slightly downward direction, with a mean distance of 9.3 ± 2.6 mm from the lower cortical border.ConclusionsThe high incidence of the MIC (91.0%) indicates that its identification on CBCT images provides useful information for surgical procedures, such as implant placement and block graft harvesting, in the mental interforaminal area of the mandible.
Calculation and Decrease of Zigzag Leakage Flux Losses in a Wet Submersible Induction Machine by the Virtual Permanent Magnet Harmonic Machine Model
Authors: Yan Jingwen , Di Chong , Bao Xiaohua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe accurate estimation of the zigzag leakage flux losses (ZZLFL) caused by the slot harmonics and their interactions, which occupy a high proportion of stray losses, are of great significance in the efficiency calculation as well as the optimization design for the wet submersible induction machine (WSIM). In this paper, a two‐dimensional finite element method (FEM) is presented to separate ZZLFL into the iron losses and the eddy‐current losses. The air‐gap magnetic flux density is decomposed by the two‐dimensional fast Fourier transform at a sampling frequency of 5000 Hz. The hybrid excited virtual permanent magnet harmonic machine model is applied to reconstruct the air‐gap magnetic field and excite the stator and rotor separately. Each node harmonic iron losses are acquired through the modified Bertotti iron losses model with the consideration of high‐frequency power losses as a function of the magnetic flux density. The zigzag flux losses provided by different harmonics are obtained by subtracting the hybrid excitation losses. According to the different proportions of harmonic losses among zigzag flux losses, novel WSIM models are proposed in the paper to decrease zigzag flux losses and increase the efficiency. Adopting the same computation process, the novel models with different structures are explored and verified to improve the zigzag flux losses and power density. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Management of a mandibular sialo‐cutaneous fistula in a gelding using intraluminal stenting with a polyurethane catheter
Authors: Osborne Craig , Perrier Melanie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA 22‐year‐old gelding was referred to the Royal Veterinary College for evaluation of a firm swelling in the mandibular region and associated respiratory distress. Physical examination and further diagnostics, including sialography, revealed a mandibular sialo‐cutaneous fistula. Taking patient and surgical factors into consideration, it was elected to place a polyurethane long‐stay catheter into the duct to act as a stent and allow bypass of saliva. This technique resulted in secondary intention healing of the fistula and complete resolution of the clinical signs.
Hospitality, not Honors: Portraits and Patronage in the Acts of John
Authors: Proctor Travis W. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this article, I examine how the apocryphal Acts of John depicts wealthy Christian converts as part of the “Christianization” of Ephesus. I note how the Acts of John uses its portrayal of leading citizens not only to critique, but to preserve and adapt prevailing expectations surrounding Greco-Roman cultic patronage. My analysis comprises two parts. In the first part, I discuss the ways in which the Acts of John undermines prevalent Greco-Roman practices of benefaction. I note that the Acts of John criticizes monetary offerings as part of cultic “exchanges,” and thus indirectly condemns the patronage of religious institutions by wealthy benefactors. Relatedly, the Acts of John’s portrait scene, most often analyzed for its witness to early Christian aniconism, challenges Greco-Roman patronage norms by questioning the propriety of dedicatory portraits. In the second part, I track the ways in which the Acts of John preserves and adapts prevailing modes of ancient benefaction. Specifically, the Acts of John positions domestic hospitality as the primary means by which wealthy converts ought to support the Christian mission. Taken together, my two-part examination establishes that the Acts of John both challenges and redirects prevailing practices of Greco-Roman patronage as part of a broader articulation of proper Christian piety.
Utilising International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Conditions (ICD)-10 Australian Modification Classifications of “Health Conditions” to Achieve Population Health Surveillance in an Australian Spinal Cord Injury Cohort
Authors: Clark Jillian M. , Marshall Ruth 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Study design
Retrospective, non-randomised, registry controlled.

Objective
To develop a conceptual ICD-10 taxonomic framework for population health surveillance across all-phases of spinal cord injury and disorders (SCI/D).

Setting
Public Hospital Admitted Patient Care (APC) collection, South Australian Dept. Health, South Australia, Australia.

Methods
A core ICD-10-Australian Modification (AM) coded dataset was retrieved from the APC hospital patient admission collection (2012–2017). Search filters and key words referenced to the National Library of Medicine thesaurus identified and quantified incident SCI/D cases. Incident SCI/D case data held in the Australian Spinal Cord Injury Registry (ASCIR) of South Australia (2012–2017) tested fidelity. Data linkage to the South Australian Death Registry controlled for cohort attrition. Both unadjusted and case-mix adjusted core data set yields were evaluated. Outcomes were assessed in terms of APC frequency difference (Δ%) versus ASCIR.

Results
3,504 APC cases were extracted, of which 504 (mean, SD age 55 ± 20 yrs; 348 [69%] male, 202 [39%] traumatic; 135 [32%]) cervical; 51 [10.1%] thoracic and (16 [3.2%]) lumbar met criteria. Comparator data were 385 ASCIR new index cases mean, SD age 56 ± 19 yrs, 229 [75%] male, 162 [42%] traumatic. Case-mix adjusted analysis yielded 336 (APC Δ33%) all-cause incident cases (vs. ASCIR −13 Δ%) and 131 incident cases of traumatic aetiologies (vs. ASCIR −19 Δ%).

Conclusions
The ICD-10 core “Health Condition” data-set assembled extends our understanding of SCI/D epidemiology and with further development may create a cost-efficient and sustainable framework that will improve health system performance and equity within and between countries.

Sponsorship
The Lifetime Support Authority of South Australia sponsored the study.
Improved Gauss–Seidel detector for large‐scale MIMO systems
Authors: Khoso Imran A. , Zhang Xiaofei , Shaikh Abdul Hayee , Sahito Fahad , Dayo Zaheer Ahmed 
Published: February 2022

AbstractLarge‐scale multiple‐input multiple‐output (LS‐MIMO) is one of the promising technologies beyond the 5G cellular system in which large antenna arrays at the base station (BS) improve the system capacity and energy‐efficiency. However, the large number of antennas at the BS makes it challenging to design low‐complexity high‐performance data detectors. Thus, a number of iterative detection methods, such as Gauss–Seidel and conjugate gradient, are introduced to achieve complexity‐performance tradeoff. However, their performance deteriorates for the systems with small BS‐to‐user antenna ratio or for the channels that exhibit correlation. This paper proposes a new efficient iterative detection algorithm based on the improved Gauss–Seidel iteration to address this problem. The proposed method performs one conjugate gradient iteration that enables better performance with less number of iterations. A new hybrid iteration is introduced and a low‐complexity initial estimation is utilised to enhance detection accuracy while reducing the complexity further. In addition, a novel preconditioning technique is proposed to maintain the benefits of the proposed detector in correlated MIMO channels. It is mathematically demonstrate that the proposed detector achieves low approximated error. Theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the proposed algorithm provides a faster convergence rate compared to conventional methods.
A neural network adaptive interval observer design for nonlinear systems
Authors: Yi Zeren , Xie Wei , Liu Longwen , Xu Bugong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA design method of neural network adaptive interval observer for the continuous‐time unknown nonlinear system is proposed. The bounds of unknown nonlinear functions are described by the state and the input, so that the bounds of the nonlinear function vector are unmeasurable. Therefore, this method can be used to observe systems with higher degree of nonlinearity and any priori knowledge about systems. In this work, the hyper basis function neural network (HBFNN) is presented to estimate the boundary (including lower and upper bounds) of the unknown nonlinear function vector. Furthermore, the non‐negativity and stability of the error dynamic system are given, and the convergence and non‐negativity are also guaranteed. Compared with the traditional interval observer, the efficiency of the proposed approach is verified through a numerical simulation example.
Laplacian matrix graph for anomaly target detection in hyperspectral images
Authors: Zhang Fenggan , He Fang , Hu Haojie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTo improve the accuracy of abnormal target detection in hyperspectral images, an abnormal target detection method based on Laplacian matrix graph (LGD) is proposed. The method makes full use of the spatial and spectral information of hyperspectral abnormal targets by constructing the full‐connection graph and the nearest neighbour matrix obtained by the Gaussian kernel function. In the graph, the total variation of the graph signal calculated by the Laplacian matrix is taken as the evaluation function to judge the abnormal target, so as to realize the detection of abnormal pixels. It avoids the matrix inversion calculation that must be carried out in the conventional detection algorithms and the complexity is reduced. Compared with other detection algorithms on three different data sets, the experiment results show that the proposed algorithm presents obvious advantages in detection accuracy and excellent utility in practice.
Magnetic helicity and energy of emerging solar active regions and their erruptivity
Authors: Liokati E. , Nindos A. , Liu Y. 
Published: February 2022

Aims.We investigate the role of the accumulation of magnetic helicity and magnetic energy in the generation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from emerging solar active regions (ARs).Methods.Using vector magnetic field data obtained by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we calculated the magnetic helicity and magnetic energy injection rates as well as the resulting accumulated budgets in 52 emerging ARs from the start time of magnetic flux emergence until they reached a heliographic longitude of 45° West (W45).Results.Seven of the ARs produced CMEs, but 45 did not. In a statistical sense, the eruptive ARs accumulate larger budgets of magnetic helicity and energy than the noneruptive ARs over intervals that start from the flux emergence start time and end (i) at the end of the flux emergence phase and (ii) when the AR produces its first CME or crosses W45, whichever occurs first. We found magnetic helicity and energy thresholds of 9 × 1041Mx2and 2 × 1032erg. When these thresholds were crossed, ARs are likely to erupt. In terms of accumulated magnetic helicity and energy budgets, the segregation of the eruptive from the noneruptive ARs is violated in one case when an AR erupts early in its emergence phase and in six cases in which noneruptive ARs exhibit large magnetic helicity and energy budgets. Decay index calculations may indicate that these ARs did not erupt because the overlying magnetic field provided a stronger or more extended confinement than in eruptive ARs.Conclusions.Our results indicate that emerging ARs tend to produce CMEs when they accumulate significant budgets of both magnetic helicity and energy. Any study of their eruptive potential should consider magnetic helicity together with magnetic energy.
Patentability of Nanotechnology Inventions: A Study Based on Decisions by the Examination Division of the European Patent Organisation, the Opposition Division and the Technical Board of Appeal
Authors: Vazhathodi Muhammed Faris 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) has identified nanotechnology as one of the prominent technologies of recent times (WIPO Magazine ‒ August 2011). Nanotechnology has a wide variety of applications in the field of medicine which are leading to the evolution of a new branch of medical science – nanomedicine. This involves using particles or materials within the size range of one nanometre and a thousand nanometres to diagnose, treat, and prevent various diseases. Biomedical nanotechnology, bionanotechnology, and nanomedicines are applications of nanotechnology in medicine and this article covers these three areas under the umbrella-term ‘nanomedicines.’ The European Union is a significant player in the wider nanotechnology market (including nanomedicines). At the European Patent Office (EPO), the number of nanotechnology patent applications (including nanomedicines) is increasing every year. The European Patent Convention (EPC) – the unified European patent system – came into existence in 1973. It provided patent protection for valid technologies according to the patentability criteria provided by EPC, and Art. 27(1) of TRIPS directs its signatories to offer patent protection for every technology equally. However, nanotechnology’s unique nature poses a threat to the existing patent law. This paper critically analyses certain decisions by the EPO and its Boards of Appeal considering the technological speciality of nanotechnology inventions with reference to nanomedicines.