bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Вплив міогенних стовбурових клітин на перебіг ферментної та неферментної систем антиоксидантного захисту в щурів із гострим пародонтитом
Authors: Бігуляк Г. Т. , Кліщ І. М. 
Published: November 2022

Резюме. Захворювання тканин пародонта разом із каріозними ураженнями є за поширеннням найбільш складною та значною патологію щелепно-лицевої системи. За даними ВООЗ, вони призводять до швидкої втрати зубів, що в 5 разів перевищує ускладнення каріозного процесу.
Мета дослідження – вивчити вплив стовбурових клітин на перебіг ферментної та неферментної систем антиоксидантного захисту за умов експериментального пародонтиту.
Матеріали і методи. Дослідження проводили на білих безпородних щурах-самцях масою тіла 180–200 г. Пародонтит викликали уведенням ліпополісахариду (ЛПС) у тканини ясен по 40 мкл (г/мл) через день протягом 14-ти діб. Через 1-шу, 7-му, 14-ту і 21-шу доби після останнього уведення ЛПС щурів декапітували під тіопенталовим наркозом (50 мг/кг). Контролем слугував матеріал від інтактних тварин. Отримані цифрові дані обробляли за допомогою методу варіаційної статистики. Визначення достовірності відмінностей порівнюваних параметрів між різними вибірками проводили з використанням t-критерію Стьюдента (при нормальному розподілі результатів) чи Манна – Уїтні (у випадку розподілу, що не був нормальним). Достовірним вважали відмінності при р<0,05.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Отримували міогенні стовбурові клітини (МСК) від вагітних самок орієнтовно на 21–24-ту доби вагітності. Для отримання життєздатних МСК використовували ферментний метод. Культивування здійснювали в СО2-інкубаторі за температури 37 оС та концентрації СО2 – 5 %. Стовбурові клітини вводили щурам у ділянку ясен разовою ін’єкцією з розрахунку 1 млн клітин на 1 кг маси тіла. Для максимального збереження життєздатності клітин введення МСК здійснювали протягом 30 хв після отримання суспензії. Вміст супероксиддисмутази (СОД) визначали за методом R. Fried, каталази (КТ) – за методом R. Holmes, церулоплазмін (ЦП) – за методом В. Г. Колб, В. С. Камишнікова. Загальну антиоксидантну активність – за методом J. Stock та співавт.
Висновки. Встановлено, що моделювання гострого пародонтиту спричинило зростання факторів антиксидного захисту на ранньому етапі патологічного процесу з подальшим виснаженням антиоксидантних резервів, що може призвести до надмірного збільшення активності вільнорадикальних процесів та ушкодження тканин пародонта. Корекція із застосуванням МСК мала позитивний ефект, згладжуючи зміни, що виникали.
СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ФАРМАКОТЕРАПІЇ БОЛЮ У ДІТЕЙ
Authors: Луценко Р. В. , Князькова І. І. 
Published: November 2022

Мета дослідження – узагальнення новітніх наявних даних з клінічної фармакології анальгетиків і фармакокорекції болю у дітей.
Матеріали та методи. Проведено бібліографічний пошук результатів дослідження використання анальгетиків для тамування болю у дітей з використанням баз даних PubMed EMBASE як основних пошукових систем.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Представлені основні шкали оцінки болю у дітей, що адаптовані до розроблених у США і Великій Британії. Опіоїдні анальгетики досить часто використовуються при гострому болю, зокрема, морфін у дозі 50–200 мкг/кг; метадон внутрішньо у дозі 50–200 мкг/кг; внутрішньовенно фентаніл 0,5–4 мкг/кг; альфентаніл (10–20 мкг/кг); суфентаніл (10–15 мкг/кг) і реміфентаніл (5 мкг/кг). Опіоїдні анальгетики фентаніл, альфентаніл, суфентаніл і реміфентаніл препарати короткої дії застосовуються при дуже сильному і нестерпному болю. Неопіоїдні анальгетики можна використовувати при помірному болю. Може використовуватись парацетамол (ацетамінофен у дозі 12–15 мг/кг), мідазолам (50–150 мкг/кг), який не рекомендується новонародженим і пропафол (2,5 мг/кг).
Висновки. Останніми роками для тамування не гострого болю у педіатричних пацієнтів перевагу віддають неопіоїдним анальгетикам.
Morphological criteria of gallbladder destruction in patients with acute cholecystitis, which occurred against the background of COVID-2019
Authors: Orel Yu. M. , Dziubanovskyi I. Ya. , Onyskiv M. O. 
Published: November 2022

The aim of the work: to study the morphological features of the gallbladder of acute cholecystitis, which occurred against the background of COVID-2019.
Materials and Methods . Material for histological studies was collected from the proximal and middle third of the gallbladder, as well as from the fundus. The obtained fragments of the gallbladder wall after fixation in a 10 % solution of neutral buffered formalin were processed in the LogosOne histoprocessor and embedded in paraffin blocks. Tissue sections with a thickness of 5 μm obtained on an AMR400 rotary microtome were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The obtained histological preparations were examined using a Nikon Eclipse Ci-E light microscope. A Sigeta M3CMOS14000 digital video camera with Toup View software was used for photo documentation. With the help of this program, morphometry of tissue structures was also carried out. All histological preparations were divided into 2 groups – patients with acute cholecystitis and those with acute cholecystitis against the background of COVID-19.
Results and Discussion. During the morphological examination of the gallbladder of patients in the cholecystitis + COVID-19 group, it was established that the thickness of the mucous membrane exceeded the similar indicator of the first group by 19.4 %, the differences regarding the muscular and serous membranes were insignificant – an increase of 2.2 % and 1.7 %. The height of covering epitheliocytes regressed by 21.8 %, and the relative volume of affected cells also increased significantly – by 26.0 %. The share of blood vessels increased by 14.4 % in the mucosa and by 9.8 % in the muscle. The described dynamics of morphometric parameters are relevant to the changes detected by microscopy. Thus, the thickening of the mucous membrane under the conditions of a combination of cholecystitis and COVID-2019 can be explained by more pronounced phenomena of edema and hyperemia of the mucous membrane. A decrease in the height of epitheliocytes and an increase in the proportion of damaged cells indicate more intense destructive changes in the epithelium. An increase in the proportion of blood vessels in different parts of the gallbladder wall does not indicate an improvement in its vascularization, but is instead a morphometric marker of the severity of hemodynamic disorders (dilatation and engorgement of vessels, thrombosis). In older people, there was a thinning of the muscle membrane by 11.6 %. Such a structural rearrangement, one should think, has a negative effect on the contractile function of the gallbladder, reduces the force of its tension and contraction. Based on the study of histological preparations, it can be stated that hemodynamic disorders and, in particular, thrombosis play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute cholecystitis, which occurs against the background of COVID-2019.
Association Between Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Schliep Karen C. , Mclean Hailey , Yan Bin , Qeadan Fares , Theilen Lauren H. , de Havenon Adam , Majersik Jennifer J. , Østbye Truls , Sharma Surendra , Varner Michael W. 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Prior meta-analyses report a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of later cardiovascular disease among women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Given HDP’s vascular underpinnings, it is hypothesized to also be a risk factor for later dementia. We aim to summarize the evidence for the impact of HDP on dementia and consider unique associations between HDP and dementia subtypes.

Methods:
Observational studies on the relationship between HDP and dementia were identified from online electronic databases to July 1, 2021 (PROSPERO identifier: CRD42020185630). We included observational studies published in English. Exposure among women was any HDP and HDP subtypes: gestational hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, or other/unspecified HDP. Outcome was any dementia and dementia subtypes: Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or other/unspecified dementias.

Results:

For our primary analyses, we included 5 cohort studies with a total of 183 874 women with and 2 309 705 women without HDP. Pooled analysis found a 38% higher risk of all-cause dementia among women with, versus without, any type of HDP (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.18–1.61];
P
<0.01). When examining association by HDP and dementia subtypes, we found that women with, versus without, any type of HDP had over a 3-fold higher risk of vascular dementia (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.14 [95% CI, 2.32–4.24];
P
<0.01).

Conclusions:
Our findings indicate that maternal history of HDP is an important risk factor for later development of vascular and all-cause dementia. Further research among more racially/ethnically diverse populations quantifying HDP’s effect on all-cause dementia, and specifically vascular dementia, is warranted.
Effect of Weight Loss on Early Left Atrial Myopathy in People With Obesity But No Established Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Deal Oscar , Rayner Jennifer , Stracquadanio Antonio , Wijesurendra Rohan S. , Neubauer Stefan , Rider Oliver , Spartera Marco 
Published: November 2022

Background
Obesity is associated with left atrial (LA) remodeling (ie, dilatation and dysfunction) which is an independent determinant of future cardiovascular events. We aimed to assess whether LA remodeling is present in obesity even in individuals without established cardiovascular disease and whether it can be improved by intentional weight loss.

Methods and Results

Forty‐five individuals with severe obesity without established cardiovascular disease (age, 45±11 years; body mass index; 39.1±6.7 kg/m
2
; excess body weight, 51±18 kg) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance for quantification of LA and left ventricular size and function before and at a median of 373 days following either a low glycemic index diet (n=28) or bariatric surgery (n=17). Results were compared with those obtained in 27 normal‐weight controls with similar age and sex. At baseline, individuals with obesity displayed reduced LA reservoir function (a marker of atrial distensibility), and a higher mass and LA maximum volume (all
P
<0.05 controls) but normal LA emptying fraction. On average, weight loss led to a significant reduction of LA maximum volume and left ventricular mass (both
P
<0.01); however, significant improvement of the LA reservoir function was only observed in those at the upper tertile of weight loss (≥47% excess body weight loss). Following weight loss, we found an average residual increase in left ventricular mass compared with controls but no residual significant differences in LA maximum volume and strain function (all
P
>0.05).

Conclusions
Obesity is linked to subtle LA myopathy in the absence of overt cardiovascular disease. Only larger volumes of weight loss can completely reverse the LA myopathic phenotype.
Prognostic Value of Hepatic Native T1 and Extracellular Volume Fraction in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Guo Jiajun , Wang Lili , Wang Jiaqi , Wan Ke , Gong Chao , Chen Xiaoling , Guo Jinghua , Xu Yuanwei , He Juan , Yin Lidan , Pu Shoufang , Wen Bi , Chen Chen , Han Yuchi , Chen Yucheng 
Published: November 2022

Background
Right heart failure may lead to impaired liver perfusion and venous congestion, resulting in different extents of liver fibrosis. However, whether hepatic tissue deterioration determined by native T1 mapping and extracellular volume fraction using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is associated with poor outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension remains unclear.

Methods and Results

A total of 131 participants with pulmonary arterial hypertension (mean age, 36±13 years) and 64 healthy controls (mean age, 44±18) between October 2013 and December 2019 were prospectively enrolled. Hepatic native T1 and extracellular volume fraction values were measured using modified Look–Locker inversion recovery T1 mapping sequences. The primary end point was all‐cause mortality; the secondary end point was all‐cause mortality and repeat hospitalization attributable to heart failure. Cox regression models and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were used to identify the association between variables and clinical outcome. During a median follow‐up of 34.5 months (interquartile range: 25.3–50.8), hepatic native T1 (hazard ratio per 30‐ms increase, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.07–1.39];
P
=0.003) and extracellular volume fraction (hazard ratio per 3% increase, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.04–1.34];
P
=0.010) values were associated with a higher risk of death. In the multivariate Cox model, hepatic native T1 value (hazard ratio per 30‐ms increase, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.04–1.27];
P
=0.009) remained as an independent prognostic factor for the secondary end point.

Conclusions
Hepatic T1 mapping values were predictors of adverse cardiovascular events in participants with pulmonary arterial hypertension and could be novel imaging biomarkers for poor prognosis recognition.
Trends in Oral Anticoagulant Use Among 436 864 Patients With Atrial Fibrillation in Community Practice, 2011 to 2020
Authors: Navar Ann Marie , Kolkailah Ahmed A. , Overton Robert , Shah Nishant P. , Rousseau Justin F. , Flaker Greg C. , Pignone Michael P. , Peterson Eric D. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and an elevated stroke risk, guidelines recommend direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) over warfarin for stroke prevention. Changes in DOAC use over the past decade have not been well described.

Methods and Results

We evaluated trends in use of DOACs and warfarin from 2011 to 2020 among adults with AF and a CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score ≥2 based on electronic health record data from 88 health systems in the United States contributing to Cerner Real World Data. The use of DOACs and warfarin was described over time, by age, sex, race, and ethnicity, and at the health‐system level. We identified 436 864 patients with AF at risk for stroke (median age, 78 years; 52.1% men). From 2011 to 2020, overall anticoagulation rates increased from 56.3% to 64.7%, as DOAC use increased steadily (from 4.7% to 47.9%), while warfarin use declined (from 52.4% to 17.7%). DOAC uptake was similar across age, sex, and race and ethnicity groups but varied by health system. In 2020, the median health‐system‐level proportion of patients with AF on a DOAC was 49% (interquartile range, 40%–54%).

Conclusions
Over the past decade, anticoagulation rates for patients with AF have increased modestly as DOACs largely replaced warfarin, though significant gaps remain: One in 3 high‐risk patients with AF is not on any anticoagulant. While DOAC adoption was generally consistent across major demographic groups, use between health systems remained highly variable, suggesting that provider and system factors influence DOAC uptake use more than patient‐level factors.
Predictive Coding and Internal Error Correction in Speech Production
Authors: Teghipco Alex , Okada Kayoko , Murphy Emma , Hickok Gregory 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSpeech production involves the careful orchestration of sophisticated systems, yet overt speech errors rarely occur under naturalistic conditions. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study sought neural evidence for internal error detection and correction by leveraging a tongue twister paradigm that induces the potential for speech errors while excluding any overt errors from analysis. Previous work using the same paradigm in the context of silently articulated and imagined speech production tasks has demonstrated forward predictive signals in auditory cortex during speech and presented suggestive evidence of internal error correction in left posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) on the basis that this area tended toward showing a stronger response when potential speech errors are biased toward nonwords compared to words (Okada et al., 2018). The present study built on this prior work by attempting to replicate the forward prediction and lexicality effects in nearly twice as many participants but introduced novel stimuli designed to further tax internal error correction and detection mechanisms by biasing speech errors toward taboo words. The forward prediction effect was replicated. While no evidence was found for a significant difference in brain response as a function of lexical status of the potential speech error, biasing potential errors toward taboo words elicited significantly greater response in left pMTG than biasing errors toward (neutral) words. Other brain areas showed preferential response for taboo words as well but responded below baseline and were less likely to reflect language processing as indicated by a decoding analysis, implicating left pMTG in internal error correction.
Robust Dialogue State Tracking with Weak Supervision and Sparse Data
Authors: Heck Michael , Lubis Nurul , Niekerk Carel van , Feng Shutong , Geishauser Christian , Lin Hsien-Chin , Gašić Milica 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGeneralizing dialogue state tracking (DST) to new data is especially challenging due to the strong reliance on abundant and fine-grained supervision during training. Sample sparsity, distributional shift, and the occurrence of new concepts and topics frequently lead to severe performance degradation during inference. In this paper we propose a training strategy to build extractive DST models without the need for fine-grained manual span labels. Two novel input-level dropout methods mitigate the negative impact of sample sparsity. We propose a new model architecture with a unified encoder that supports value as well as slot independence by leveraging the attention mechanism. We combine the strengths of triple copy strategy DST and value matching to benefit from complementary predictions without violating the principle of ontology independence. Our experiments demonstrate that an extractive DST model can be trained without manual span labels. Our architecture and training strategies improve robustness towards sample sparsity, new concepts, and topics, leading to state-of-the-art performance on a range of benchmarks. We further highlight our model’s ability to effectively learn from non-dialogue data.
“Beat the Copper Nail in the Eye with a Hammer”: An Ancient Magic Spell in Yiddish for Catching a Thief
Authors: Zaidman-Mauer Daniella , Gottlieb Sivan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Exposing a thief magically with the aid of a painted eye on the wall, has existed since antiquity. The spell includes instructions for drawing an eye, incantations, summoning up God’s help, and knocking a nail into the painted eye, thus harming the thief’s eye and exposing him. In this article we present the same spell written in Yiddish dating between the fifteenth to the sixteenth century. In tracing the Yiddish spell’s sources for both the text and its illustration, our examination reinforces previous scholarship of magical praxis, which asserts that rituals are cross-cultural and cannot always be traced to its Jewish or non-Jewish origins.
The Secondary Production of Ice in Cumulus Experiment (SPICULE)
Authors: Lawson R. Paul , Korolev Alexei V. , DeMott Paul J. , Heymsfield Andrew J. , Bruintjes Roelof T. , Wolff Cory A. , Woods Sarah , Patnaude Ryan J. , Jensen Jørgen B. , Moore Kathryn A. , Heckman Ivan , Rosky Elise , Haggerty Julie , Perkins Russell J. , Fisher Ted , Hill Thomas C. J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The secondary ice process (SIP) is a major microphysical process, which can result in rapid enhancement of ice particle concentration in the presence of preexisting ice. SPICULE was conducted to further investigate the effect of collision–coalescence on the rate of the fragmentation of freezing drop (FFD) SIP mechanism in cumulus congestus clouds. Measurements were conducted over the Great Plains and central United States from two coordinated aircraft, the NSF Gulfstream V (GV) and SPEC Learjet 35A, both equipped with state-of-the-art microphysical instrumentation and vertically pointing W- and Ka-band radars, respectively. The GV primarily targeted measurements of subcloud aerosols with subsequent sampling in warm cloud. Simultaneously, the Learjet performed multiple penetrations of the ascending cumulus congestus (CuCg) cloud top. First primary ice was typically detected at temperatures colder than −10°C, consistent with measured ice nucleating particles. Subsequent production of ice via FFD SIP was strongly related to the concentration of supercooled large drops (SLDs), with diameters from about 0.2 to a few millimeters. The concentration of SLDs is directly linked to the rate of collision–coalescence, which depends primarily on the subcloud aerosol size distribution and cloud-base temperature. SPICULE supports previous observational results showing that FFD SIP efficiency could be deduced from the product of cloud-base temperature and maximum diameter of drops measured ∼300 m above cloud base. However, new measurements with higher concentrations of aerosol and total cloud-base drop concentrations show an attenuating effect on the rate of coalescence. The SPICULE dataset provides rich material for validation of numerical schemes of collision–coalescence and SIP to improve weather prediction simulations
Simulation of African Easterly Waves in a Global Climate Model
Authors: Jiang Xianan , Su Hui , Chen Shuyi S. , A. Ullrich Paul 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
African easterly waves (AEWs) exert significant influence on local and downstream high-impact weather including tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the Atlantic. Accurate representation of AEWs in climate and weather prediction models therefore is necessary for skillful predictions. In this study, we examine simulated AEWs, including their evolution, vertical structure, and linkage to tropical cyclone genesis, in the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Model, version 5 (GEOS-5) atmospheric global climate model. Identified by the leading empirical orthogonal function mode of time-filtered precipitation, the observed westward propagating AEWs along the southern track over the Atlantic are largely captured in GEOS-5, but with a slower phase speed and significantly weaker amplitude downstream off the West Africa coast. The weak downstream development of AEWs in GEOS-5 is accompanied by much reduced TC genesis over the main development region. Further analyses suggest that the slow westward propagation and weaker AEW amplitude downstream can be ascribed to a weak African easterly jet, while overestimated negative (positive) meridional potential vorticity (PV) gradients appear to the north (south) of 10°N in GEOS-5. The greatly overestimated positive meridional PV gradient to the south of 10°N is expected to generate strong horizontal stretching in the AEW wave pattern in the model, which hinders organization of convection and its feedback to sustain the AEW development. Persistent and vigorous AEW precipitation in the Guinea Highlands of the West Africa coast could also be responsible for reduced westward propagation of AEWs in the model.