bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-Stroke Depression: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Relationship to Disability in a Tertiary Care Center in Sri Lanka
Authors: Thambirajah Narmathey , Senanayake Sunethra , Gooneratne Kishara , Suraweera Chaturi , Ranasinghe Lakshitha , Kumbukage Mahesh 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives The prevalence of stroke in urban Sri Lanka is estimated at 10.4 per 1000 and is expected to rise. Post-stroke depression (PSD) is an independent predictor of poor long-term outcomes. It leads to suboptimal rehabilitation, decreased quality of life, and increased mortality and is under-recognized. The main objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of depression in stroke, assess factors associated with PSD, and assess the relationship of PSD to disability.

Materials and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Neurology and Medical Ward, National Hospital of Sri Lanka. Non-probability, consecutive sampling was used to collect data from patients with ischemic stroke admitted from January 2019 to January 2020. Patients with significant pre-existing depression, cognitive impairment, and language deficits were excluded. A structured, pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence and associated factors of PSD. Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered 3 months following the stroke to screen for depression. Modified Rankin Score (MRS) was used to assess disability on admission, discharge, and at 3 months.

Results Eighty-one stroke patients were screened. The mean age was 66.6 years (±standard deviation [SD]: 12.5). Male:female ratio was 1.2:1. Depression at 3 months of follow-up was observed in 35.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.4–47.2%) of participants. Following bivariate analysis, large vessel stroke (p < 0.001), cortical stroke (p < 0.001), frontal lobe lesions (p < 0.001), history of past stroke (p = 0.014), and sexual dysfunction (p = 0.026) were associated with increased risk of PSD. The odds of a person with severe disability developing PSD was 7.9 times more than a person with a less severe disability at discharge from hospital and at 3 months of follow-up (odds ratio [OR] =7.9; 95% CI: 2.7–23.3, p = 0.000).

Conclusions PSD occurs in one-third of strokes, keeping with previous studies. The risk of having PSD is higher among patients with severe disabilities. The difference in risk factors identified compared with previous studies can be attributable to differences in methodology. Identifying risk factors for post-stroke depression is essential to mitigate the poor outcome.
Initial Experience Using the Transradial Approach for Endovascular Treatment of Vascular Pathologies: Safety and Feasibility
Authors: Saal-Zapata Giancarlo , Rodríguez-Varela Rodolfo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background Endovascular treatment of vascular pathologies through the transradial approach has been increasingly used and has demonstrated a low rate of complications.

Objective To report our initial experience in the endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular diseases with the transradial approach and to determine its safety and feasibility.

Methods Consecutive patients who underwent the transradial approach for endovascular treatment of aneurysms and vascular malformations were reviewed at a single institution. Technical success, fluoroscopy time, and access-related complications were analyzed.

Results Eight patients underwent endovascular treatment with the transradial approach. One arteriovenous fistula, one superficial temporal artery aneurysm, three arteriovenous malformations, and four aneurysms were treated successfully. The radial artery was successfully approached and a 6-F sheath was used in all the cases. Navigation of guiding catheters (5 and 6 F) was done without complications. The most commonly approached artery was the right internal carotid artery, followed by the right vertebral artery. Postoperative vasospasm was identified in three patients. Mean fluoroscopy time was 34.7 minutes. Conversion to transfemoral approach was not required. No postoperative complications were reported.

Conclusions In our initial experience, the transradial approach is a safe and feasible alternative for the endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular pathologies.
Towards responsible science and technology: How nanotechnology research and development is shaping risk governance practices in Australia
Authors: Malakar Yuwan , Lacey Justine , Bertsch Paul M 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIncorporating perspectives of multiple stakeholders concerning the appropriate balance of risks and benefits of new and potentially disruptive technologies is thought to be a way of enhancing the societal relevance and positive impacts of those technologies. A risk governance approach can be instrumental in achieving balance among diverse stakeholders, as it enables decision-making processes informed by multiple dimensions of risk. This paper applies a risk governance approach to retrospectively examine the development of nanotechnology research and development (R&D) in Australia to identify how risk governance is reflected in the practices of a range of stakeholders. We identify ten risk-related challenges specific to nanotechnology R&D based on a review of the international literature, which provided the foundation for documenting how those working in the Australian nanotechnology sector responded to these global risk-related challenges. This case study research draws on a range of sources including literature review, semi-structured interviews, and a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches for data analysis to identify key themes and generate visualisations of the interconnections that exist between risk governance practices. The ability to visualise these interconnections from the qualitative data is a key contribution of this research. Our findings show how the qualitative insights and professional experiences of nanotechnologists provide evidence of how risk governance approaches have been operationalised in the Australian nanotechnology R&D sector. The findings generate three important insights. First, the risk research undertaken by Australian nanotechnologists is interdisciplinary and involves multiple stakeholders from various disciplines and sectors. Unlike traditional risk governance approaches, our findings document efforts to assess, not only physical risks, but also social and ethical risks. Second, nanotechnology risk governance is a non-linear process and practices undertaken to address specific challenges occurred concurrently with and contributed to addressing other challenges. Third, our findings indicate that applying a risk governance approach enables greater intersection and collaboration, potentially bridging any disconnect between scientists, policymakers, and the public to realise transdisciplinary outcomes. This research highlights opportunities for developing systematic methodologies to enable more robust risk governance of other new and emerging technologies.
An ultrafast and facile nondestructive strategy to convert various inefficient commercial nanocarbons to highly active Fenton-like catalysts
Authors: Wang Junhui , Fu Qi , Yu Jiaxing , Yang Huangsheng , Hao Zhengping , Zhu Fang , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: January 2022

Significance
The Fenton-like process catalyzed by metal-free materials is one promising strategy for water purification, but to develop catalysts with adequate activity, complicated preparation/modification processes and harsh conditions are always needed, greatly increasing the costs for industrialization. Herein, we developed an ultrafast and facile strategy to convert various inefficient commercial nanocarbons into highly active catalysts by noncovalent functionalization with polyethylenimine (PEI). The n-doping by PEI could create net charge on the carbon plane and greatly enhance the electron mobility, rendering the catalyst much higher persulfate activation efficiency. Such interface engineering represents an innovative, simple, yet effective, strategy for boosting activities of nanocarbons, providing a conceptual advance to design cost-effective and highly efficient catalysts in environmental remediation, chemical synthesis, and fuel-cell applications.
Translanguaging to enhance reading comprehension among first-year medical students
Authors: Mbirimi-Hungwe Vimbai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSince the turn of the century there has been an increase in the use of translanguaging in multilingual learning contexts. Many researchers have shown how translanguaging enhances multilingual students’ ability to understand academic content. This experimental study provides empirical evidence that translanguaging can enhance reading comprehension. An experimental group and a control group were used to establish whether there was a significant difference between the performances of the two groups after reading an academic text. Using the t-test analysis, the results show a significant difference in the performance of the control group and the experimental group. These findings prompt us to conclude that translanguaging is an effective strategy that enhances reading comprehension.
The skyrmion annihilations induced by local reversal of background field in a skyrmion lattice
Authors: Li Yang , Pang Hua 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The understanding of the creation and annihilation dynamics of a magnetic skyrmion is significant due to its potential applications in information storage and spintronics. Although there have been extensive investigations on the annihilation of isolated skyrmions, topological annihilation in a periodic skyrmion lattice is a more complex process. We report a micromagnetic simulation study about the annihilation process of a two-dimensional (2D) skyrmion triangular lattice triggered by a uniform field H
REV of comparable size to the skyrmion, which is opposite to the direction of the background field, revealing two annihilation modes. When the H
REV center is within the range of a skyrmion, the neighboring skyrmions annihilate in-situ, while the center is between adjacent skyrmions, an anti-skyrmion is induced in the interstitial region. Both mechanisms tend to experience the intermediate topological vortex or antivortex structure, and the spin system undergoes a long period of relaxation to reach a stable state after the topological charge is stabilized. Our results present a local annihilation scheme that is easy to achieve in a 2D skyrmion lattice and highlight the role of interaction between skyrmions in the transformation between different kinds of topological defects.
Electron glass signatures up to room temperature in disordered insulators
Authors: Delahaye J , Grenet T 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the observation of non-equilibrium field effects at room temperature in four disordered insulating systems: granular Al, discontinuous Au, amorphous NbSi and amorphous indium oxide thin films. The use of wide enough gate voltage ranges and a cautious analysis of the data allow us to uncover memory dips (MDs), the advocated hallmark of the electron glass, in the four systems. These MDs are found to relax slowly over days of measurements under gate voltage changes, reflecting the impossibility for the systems to reach an equilibrium state within experimentally accessible times. Our findings demonstrate that these electrical glassy effects, so far essentially reported at cryogenic temperatures, actually extend up to room temperature.
Light controlled bending of a holographic transmission phase grating
Authors: Castagna Riccardo , Di Donato Andrea , Strangi Giuseppe , Eugenio Lucchetta Daniele 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We recorded a permanent phase transmission grating on a thin film made by using a recently developed holographic photomobile mixture. The recorded grating pitch falls in the visible range and can be optically manipulated by using an external coherent or incoherent low power light source. When the external light source illuminates the grating the entire structure bends and, as a consequence, the optical properties of the grating change. This peculiarity makes it possible to use the recorded periodic structure as an all-optically controlled free standing thin colour selector or light switch depending on the source used to illuminate the grating itself. Additionally, it could open up new possibilities for stretchable and reconfigurable holograms controlled by light as well as thin devices for optically reconfigurable dynamic communications and displays.
Testing the Kerr black hole hypothesis with the continuum-fitting and the iron line methods: the case of GRS 1915+105
Authors: Tripathi Ashutosh , Abdikamalov Askar B. , Ayzenberg Dimitry , Bambi Cosimo , Grinberg Victoria , Liu Honghui , Zhou Menglei 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The continuum-fitting and the iron line methods are currently the two leading techniques for probing the strong gravity region around accreting black holes. In the present work, we test the Kerr black hole hypothesis with the stellar-mass black hole in GRS 1915+105 by analyzing five disk-dominated RXTE spectra and one reflection-dominated Suzaku spectrum. The combination of the constraints from the continuum-fitting and the iron line methods has the potential to provide more stringent tests of the Kerr metric. Our constraint on the Johannsen deformation parameter α13 is -0.15 < α13 < 0.14 at 3σ, where the Kerr metric is recovered when α13 = 0.
Probing ultra-light axion dark matter from 21 cm tomography using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Sabiu Cristiano G. , Kadota Kenji , Asorey Jacobo , Park Inkyu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We present forecasts on the detectability of Ultra-light axion-like particles (ULAP) from future 21 cm radio observations around the epoch of reionization (EoR). We show that the axion as the dominant dark matter component has a significant impact on the reionization history due to the suppression of small scale density perturbations in the early universe. This behavior depends strongly on the mass of the axion particle.

Using numerical simulations of the brightness temperature field of neutral hydrogen over a large redshift range, we construct a suite of training data. This data is used to train a convolutional neural network that can build a connection between the spatial structures of the brightness temperature field and the input axion mass directly. We construct mock observations of the future Square Kilometer Array survey, SKA1-Low, and find that even in the presence of realistic noise and resolution constraints, the network is still able to predict the input axion mass. We find that the axion mass can be recovered over a wide mass range with a precision of approximately 20%, and as the whole DM contribution, the axion can be detected using SKA1-Low at 68% if the axion mass is M
X < 1.86 × 10-20 eV although this can decrease to M
X < 5.25 × 10-21 eV if we relax our assumptions on the astrophysical modeling by treating those astrophysical parameters as nuisance parameters.
Gravitational waves generation in turbulent hypermagnetic fields before the electroweak phase transition
Authors: Dvornikov Maxim 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We study the production of relic gravitational waves (GWs) in
turbulent hypermagnetic fields (HMFs) in the symmetric phase of the
early universe before the electroweak phase transition (EWPT). The
noise of HMFs is modeled by the analog of the magnetic hydrodynamics
turbulence. The evolution of HMFs is driven by the analogs of the chiral
magnetic effect and the Adler anomalies in the presence of the nonzero
asymmetries of leptons and Higgs bosons. We track the evolution of
the energy density of GWs from 10 TeV down to EWPT and
analyze its dependence on the parameters of the system. We also discuss
the possibility to observe the predicted GW background by the current
GW detectors.
Following up the afterglow: strategy for X-ray observation triggered by gravitational wave events
Authors: Liu Mu-Xin , Tong Hui , Hu Yi-Ming , Chan Man-Leong , Liu Zhu , Sun Hui , Hendry Martin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The multi-messenger observation of coalescing compact binary systems promises great scientific treasure. However, synthesising observations from both gravitational wave and electromagnetic channels remains challenging. In the context of the day-to-week long emission from a macronova, the binary neutron star merger GW170817 remains the only event with successful electromagnetic followup. In this manuscript, we explore the possibility of using the early stage X-ray afterglow to search for the electromagnetic counterpart of a gravitational wave event. Two algorithms, the simple and straightforward sequential observation (SO) and the step-wise optimizing local optimization are considered and applied to some simulated events. We consider the WXT from the proposed Einstein Probe as a candidate X-ray telescope, which has a very wide field of view of 3600 deg2. Benefiting from the large field of view and high sensitivity, we find that the SO algorithm not only is easy to implement, but also promises a good chance of actual detection.
Long-term evolution of magnetic fields in flaring Active Region NOAA 12673
Authors: Muhamad Johan , Nurzaman Muhamad Zamzam , Dani Tiar , Pamutri Arun Relung 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
During the lifetime of AR 12673, its magnetic field evolved drastically and produced numerous large flares. In this study, using full maps of the Sun observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, we identified that AR 12673 emerged in decayed AR 12665, which had survived for two solar rotations. Although both ARs emerged at the same location, they possessed different characteristics and different flare productivities. Therefore, it is important to study the long-term magnetic evolution of both ARs to identify the distinguishing characteristics of an AR that can produce large solar flares. We used the Space-weather Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager Active Region Patch data to investigate the evolution of the photospheric magnetic field and other physical properties of the recurring ARs during five Carrington rotations. All these investigated parameters dynamically evolved through a series of solar rotations. We compared the long-term evolution of AR 12665 and AR 12673 to understand the differences in their flare-producing properties. We also studied the relation of the long-term evolution of these ARs with the presence of active longitude. We found that the magnetic flux and complexity of AR 12673 developed much faster than those of AR 12665. Our results confirmed that a strong emerging flux that emerged in the pre-existing AR near the active longitude created a very strong and complex AR that produced large flares.
Comparative case study of two methods to assess the eruptive potential of selected active regions
Authors: Zuccarello Francesca , Ermolli Ilaria , Korsós Marianna B. , Giorgi Fabrizio , Guglielmino Salvo L. , Erdélyi Robertus , Romano Paolo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Solar eruptive events, like flares and coronal mass ejections, are characterized by the rapid release of energy that can give rise to emission of radiation across the entire electromagnetic spectrum and to an abrupt significant increase in the kinetic energy of particles. These energetic phenomena can have important effects on the space weather conditions and therefore it is necessary to understand their origin, in particular, what is the eruptive potential of an active region (AR). In these case studies, we compare two distinct methods that were used in previous works to investigate the variations of some characteristic physical parameters during the pre-flare states of flaring ARs. These methods consider: i) the magnetic flux evolution and magnetic helicity accumulation, and ii) the fractal and multi-fractal properties of flux concentrations in ARs. Our comparative analysisis based on time series of photospheric data obtained bythe Solar Dynamics Observatory between March 2011 and June 2013. We selected two distinct samples of ARs: one is distinguished by the occurrence of more energetic M- and X-class flare events, that may have a rapid effect on not just the near-Earth space, but also on the terrestrial environment; the second is characterized by no-flares or having just a few C- and B-class flares. We foundthat the two tested methods complement each other in their ability to assess the eruptive potentials of ARs and could be employed to identify ARs prone to flaring activity. Based on the presented case study, we suggest that using a combination of different methods may aid to identify more reliably the eruptive potentials of ARs and help to better understand the pre-flare states.
A GPU based single-pulse search pipeline (GSP) with database and its application to the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey (CRAFTS)
Authors: You Shan-Ping , Wang Pei , Yu Xu-Hong , Xie Xiao-Yao , Li Di , Liu Zhi-Jie , Pan Zhi-Chen , Yue You-Ling , Qian Lei , Zhang Bin , Chen Zong-Hao 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We developed a GPU based single-pulse search pipeline (GSP) with a candidate-archiving database. Largely based upon the infrastructure of the open source PulsaR Exploration and Search Toolkit (PRESTO), GSP implements GPU acceleration of the de-dispersion and integrates a candidate-archiving database. We applied GSP to the data streams from the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey (CRAFTS), which resulted in quasi-real-time processing. The integrated candidate database facilitates synergistic usage of multiple machine-learning tools and thus improves efficient identification of radio pulsars such as rotating radio transients (RRATs) and fast radio bursts (FRBs). We first tested GSP on pilot CRAFTS observations with the FAST Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) receiver. GSP detected all pulsars known from the the Parkes multibeam pulsar survey in the corresponding sky area covered by the FAST-UWB. GSP also discovered 13 new pulsars. We measured the computational efficiency of GSP to be ∼120 times faster than the original PRESTO and ∼60 times faster than an MPI-parallelized version of PRESTO.
Stellar loci IV. red giant stars
Authors: Zhang Ruo-Yi , Yuan Hai-Bo , Liu Xiao-Wei , Xiang Mao-Sheng , Huang Yang , Chen Bing-Qiu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In the fourth paper of this series, we present the metallicity-dependent Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) stellar color loci of red giant stars, using a spectroscopic sample of red giants in the SDSS Stripe 82 region. The stars span a range of 0.55 – 1.2 mag in color g – i, –0.3 – –2.5 in metallicity [Fe/H], and have values of surface gravity log g smaller than 3.5 dex. As in the case of main-sequence (MS) stars, the intrinsic widths of loci of red giants are also found to be quite narrow, a few mmag at maximum. There are however systematic differences between the metallicity-dependent stellar loci of red giants and MS stars. The colors of red giants are less sensitive to metallicity than those of MS stars. With good photometry, photometric metallicities of red giants can be reliably determined by fitting the u – g, g – r, r – i, and i – z colors simultaneously to an accuracy of 0.2 – 0.25 dex, comparable to the precision achievable with low-resolution spectroscopy for a signal-to-noise ratio of 10. By comparing fitting results to the stellar loci of red giants and MS stars, we propose a new technique to discriminate between red giants and MS stars based on the SDSS photometry. The technique achieves completeness of ∼70 per cent and efficiency of ∼80 per cent in selecting metal-poor red giant stars of [Fe/H] ≤ –1.2. It thus provides an important tool to probe the structure and assemblage history of the Galactic halo using red giant stars.