bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expert Views on COVAX and Equitable Global Access to COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Manriquez Roa Tania , Holzer Felicitas , Luna Florencia , Biller-Andorno Nikola 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: We face the impossibility of having enough COVID-19 vaccines for everyone in the near future. This study aims to contribute to the debate on equitable global access to COVID-19 vaccines, tackling key ethical discussions and policy challenges regarding early phases of COVAX, the global cooperation mechanism for supporting fair vaccine allocation.Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews with twelve experts and a literature research on academic articles, media sources and public statements. We built a data analysis matrix and conducted a thematic analysis.Results: Our findings show, first, that interviewed experts who hold different views on vaccine allocation, including moderate nationalist perspectives, agree on joining a global cooperation mechanism. Second, incentives to join COVAX vary greatly among countries. Third, specific barriers to COVAX emerged in the early implementation phase. And fourth, countries might be trapped in a zero-sum game regarding the global vaccine supply.Conclusion: We present findings that enrich analyses of early phases of COVAX (April 2020–21), we introduce three ethical discussions that provide a common ground for equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines, and we highlight policy challenges.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Results From the 2015 National Adult Tobacco Survey
Authors: Kulkarni Shweta Vishwas , Xangsayarath Phonepadith , Douangvichith Daovieng , Siengsounthone Latsamy , Phandouangsy Khatthanaphone , Tran Ly Thi-Hai , Le Phuc Hong , Bui Thanh Cong 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure causes &gt;600,000 deaths annually worldwide, however, information regarding SHS exposure in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PRD) is limited; we report SHS exposure prevalence at home, inside workplaces, and indoor public spaces in Lao PDR.Methods: Data were from the 2015 Lao National Adult Tobacco Survey, a nationally representative sample of 7,562 participants aged ≥15 years recruited through a stratified 2-stage cluster sampling approach.Results: 88.3% (83.9% of non-smokers) reported SHS exposure at home and 63.0% (54.0% of non-smokers) at workplaces. Among non-smokers, women had greater exposure at home than men (86.6 vs. 77.0%). Lower education levels were associated with exposure at home or the workplace. 99.2% reported SHS exposure at any public place; specifically for restaurants/food stores 57.7%, government offices 56.2%, public transport 31.6%, and health care facilities 11.7%.Conclusion: SHS exposure at home and workplace in Lao PDR is among the highest in South-East Asia. Comprehensive smoke-free policies at government-owned workplaces and facilities, stricter enforcement of these smoke-free policies, and strategies to encourage smoke-free environments at homes and in public places are urgently needed.
A Herbal Concoction of Cinnamomum cassia and Artemisa annua Extracts Ameliorates Allergic Rhinitis in OVA-Induced Balb/C Mice by Inhibiting Th2 Signaling
Authors: Bae Chuhyun , Kim Jisoo , Park Soodong , Shim Jaejung , Lee Junglyoul 
Published: December 2021

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory airway disease (IAD) that is characterized by itching, nasal obstruction, and sneezing. AR is induced by Th-2 inflammatory responses such as those mediated by IgE and IL-4. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of an herbal concoction, which is a combination of Cinnamomum cassia and Artemisa annua extracts (CIAR) against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis in a Balb/C mouse model. The effect of CIAR on the Th-2 mediated inflammatory response in the AR mouse model was studied by analyzing blood or nasal fluid samples. Experimental results revealed that OVA inhalation increased IgE, IL-4, IL-33, and TSLP levels, leading to Th2-type cytokine response. CIAR was found to significantly reduce the Th-2 response and levels of cytokines, including IL-4, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). CIAR also down-regulated eosinophil (EOS) and basophil (BASO) levels in the blood. Histological analyses demonstrated decreased OVA-induced thickness of the respiratory epithelium in the CIAR-treated group. Collectively, our results suggest that the herbal concoction CIAR can effectively ameliorate the development of allergic rhinitis through the inhibition of Th-2 mediated responses.
Two Novel Dimorphism-Related Virulence Factors of Zymoseptoria tritici Identified Using Agrobacterium-Mediated Insertional Mutagenesis
Authors: Yemelin Alexander , Brauchler Annamaria , Jacob Stefan , Foster Andrew J. , Laufer Julian , Heck Larissa , Antelo Luis , Andresen Karsten , Thines Eckhard 
Published: December 2021

Diseases caused by dimorphic phytopathogenic and systemic dimorphic fungi have markedly increased in prevalence in the last decades, and understanding the morphogenic transition to the virulent state might yield novel means of controlling dimorphic fungi. The dimorphic fungus Z. tritici causes significant economic impact on wheat production, and yet the regulation of the dimorphic switch, a key first step in successful plant colonization, is still largely unexplored in this fungus. The fungus is amenable to suppression by fungicides at this switch point, and the identification of the factors controlling the dimorphic switch provides a potential source of novel targets to control Septoria tritici blotch (STB). Inhibition of the dimorphic switch can potentially prevent penetration and avoid any damage to the host plant. The aim of the current work was to unveil genetic determinants of the dimorphic transition in Z. tritici by using a forward genetics strategy. Using this approach, we unveiled two novel factors involved in the switch to the pathogenic state and used reverse genetics and complementation to confirm the role of the novel virulence factors and further gained insight into the role of these genes, using transcriptome analysis via RNA-Seq. The transcriptomes generated potentially contain key determinants of the dimorphic transition.
Enhanced Heat Transfer for NePCM-Melting-Based Thermal Energy of Finned Heat Pipe
Authors: Ahmed Sameh E. , Abderrahmane Aissa , Alotaibi Sorour , Younis Obai , Almasri Radwan A. , Hussam Wisam K. 
Published: December 2021

Using phase change materials (PCMs) in energy storage systems provides various advantages such as energy storage at a nearly constant temperature and higher energy density. In this study, we aimed to conduct a numerical simulation for augmenting a PCM’s melting performance within multiple tubes, including branched fins. The suspension contained Al2O3/n-octadecane paraffin, and four cases were considered based on a number of heated fins. A numerical algorithm based on the finite element method (FEM) was applied to solve the dimensionless governing system. The average liquid fraction was computed over the considered flow area. The key parameters are the time parameter (100 ≤t≤600 s) and the nanoparticles’ volume fraction (0%≤φ≤8%). The major outcomes revealed that the flow structures, the irreversibility of the system, and the melting process can be controlled by increasing/decreasing number of the heated fins. Additionally, case four, in which eight heated fins were considered, produced the largest average liquid fraction values.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF THE FUTURE PHYSICIAN AS COMPLETE OF ITS PROFESSIONAL READINESS
Authors: BYCHKO M. 
Published: December 2021

The essence of communicative competence of the future doctor as one of the important components of his professional readiness is considered. The possibilities of its development in the process of educational and non-initial activity of the student of a medical institution of higher education from the standpoint of the environmental approach are determined, the actual directions of research of this phenomenon are outlined. The readiness of future doctors for professional activity is considered as a complex multilevel entity, which manifests itself as a person's compliance with the requirements for certain activities, and availability of readiness for activities is a prerequisite for the implementation of the activity itself.The communicative competence of the future physician implies the assimilation of the rules and norms of oral and written language, the ability to use them in various life-professional situations. It is communicative competence - one of the basic characteristics of the professional competence of medical specialists. Further research requires the communicative competence of a doctor in accordance with the typical situations of communication with patients in the context of a modern organization of medical care in Ukraine.
PROFESSIONAL MARGINALIZATION OF GRADUATES OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
Authors: BLYNOVA O. , KAMINSKA S. 
Published: December 2021

The article focuses on the problems of social realization of professional. It was considered the possible options of violations of the process of social adaptation of professionals to new conditions, in particular, professional marginality as the collapse and transformation of the professional identity. It was found that it fully applies to future professionals, that is, students who during studying in high school need to learn a profession , ie receive professional knowledge and skills, and in addition, to create a sense of belonging to the norms of the profession and to recognize its social significance.Was shown the results of empirical research of the relationship of professional marginality of graduates to indicators of professional individual demand. Based on the results of correlation analysis of indicators of professional identity / marginality with scales techniques "Professional demand for identity," proved that the productivity, effectiveness, efficiency in chosen profession, mainly associated by university graduates with awareness of their competence, of professional training, instrumental "armament" in the profession. At the same time, opportunities for advancement in career and professional growth, the acquisition of a higher social status is determined by the socio-economic condition of society, by the status and prestige of the profession in society, attention to the experts a certain profile of the state, the existence of support including the official state level.
EQUAL ACCESS TO QUALITY EDUCATION THROUGH THE PRISM OF ORGANIZING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN HUB SCHOOLS
Authors: DENYSIUK O. , SULIMENKO D. , DRON T. 
Published: December 2021

The process of reforming national education involves solving a number of overdue problems, among which an urgent issue of equal access to quality education still remains. Providing high-quality educational services to learners regardless of their social status, locality of residence, financial capacity, and other concomitant factors are a social and humanitarian task of the state.The introduction of the inclusive education system is an integral part of the functioning of the reference schools. The success of this process depends on the implementation of a number of systemic tasks, among which the following are the priorities: convenient location of the educational institution for the transportation of children from different settlements; provision of qualified pedagogical staff with appropriate training for working with children with special needs as well as staff units of correctional educators; presence of the modern level of material and technical support in accordance with the needs of children with special needs (meeting the requirements for the architectural accessibility of the premises of the educational institution); ensuring equal access to quality education for all persons, including those with special educational needs; creation of a single information space for the organization of distance learning for children with special needs; collection of reliable statistics to provide up-to-date information on reference schools and the organization of inclusive education for further analysis and adoption of sound management decisions based on it; bringing to a wide range of users of educational services, parents, communities of OTG, public organizations of positive experience of work of basic educational institutions; Disclosure of information about inclusive classes, forms and methods of training in them; monitoring of the functioning of the reference schools.
ANTON MAKARENKO’S PEDAGOGICAL SYSTEM IN FEDIR NAUMENKO’S SCIENTIFIC RECEPTION
Authors: KALAHURKA Kh. 
Published: December 2021

The main directions of F. Naumenko’s Makarenko studies are analyzed in the article. In particular, the scientist’s researches of the personality of A. Makarenko as an educator-humanist, his views on the organization of the educational process, the creative use of Makarenko’s experience in the practice of educational institutions are highlighted as well as it is paid attention to the content of didactic ideas. It turns out that, advocating a creative approach to the study of Makarenko ideas, F. Naumenko tried to avoid patterns, standard approaches to their use, opposed episodic, inconsistent implementation of these innovations into practice, which testified to the creative nature of the scientist-teacher, his desire for constant scientific search.
SOCIAL COMPETENCE AS A CONDITION OF THE PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY OF SPECIALIST IN THE SPHERE OF SOCIAL WORK
Authors: KOTLOMANITOVA G. 
Published: December 2021

Definitive analysis of the concept of social competence is carried out. Social competence is considered in the light of human abilities, social knowledge and skills that provide individuals with social adaptation, social awareness, enable achieving the optimal match between the person and the conditions of society. The correlation of social competence with the professionally necessary qualities of a specialist in the sphere of social work is determined. The profession of a social worker is aimed at social sphere, social interaction with persons who need professional assistance and support. Therefore, the condition of professional identity is the social orientation and the presence of social qualities. It has been established that the specific personal characteristics of a social worker that are necessary for him to carry out a successful professional activity, are similar to the content and basic components of social competence.It is determined that the social competence of the individual is single integrative personal formation, a set of social knowledge, abilities, values, and experience, providing a harmonious interaction between man and society. This characteristic is identical to a professional portrait and professional requirements for a social worker. Different interpretations of the structure of social competence in scientific researches are analyzed. It is noted that the knowledge, value, personality, activity components correspond to the general and professional competencies, the formation of which is necessary in the process of preparation of applicants for higher education in the specialty Social work.The author generalizes that the formation of the social competence of a future specialist in the sphere of social work is a necessary condition for his professional development and should be ensured in the process of training in a specialty at all levels of higher education. However, social competence is not a constant characteristic. Its further development involves professional identity, professional growth and is possible through non-formal and informal education.
SOME METHODS FOR FORMING CROSS-CULTURAL COMPETENCY OF FUTURE FACULTIES IN THE FIELD OF TOURISM
Authors: SIDOROV V. 
Published: December 2021

The article describes the methods for forming the cross-cultural competence of future specialists in the field of tourism, namely: case study, Brainstorming, moderation, SWOT-analysis method, "Cultural Capsule of the Country", Storytelling, "Babylon", "The World Café". These methods are methods of group work with students. The process of cross-cultural training of students of the specialty "Tourism" involves the use of a set of these methods. An integrated combination of these methods will create an author's methodical system for the formation of cross-cultural competence of students. The use of these methods will promote the development of students' ability to cross-cultural communication in the area of future professional activities, skills of cross-cultural communication, skills and abilities to use native and foreign languages as a means of communication with representatives of different cultures. Such a system of work with students will help create the conditions for students to master the specifics of cross-cultural relations, obtain information available to representatives of another culture, the use of all available means of broadcasting, overcoming cross-cultural conflicts.
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF SELF-COMPETENCE FORMATION FOR FUTURE TEACHERS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Authors: KOLOMIIETS B. 
Published: December 2021

It is required to help the students to acquire self-competence from teachers. To learn to study is necessary to feel confident in modern world due to the rate of changes occurring in every branch of human life. The ability to self-learning is one of the essential for those students who want to address the needs of time. Every moment brings new techniques or approaches in our life in general and in professional life in particular, thus once you acquired the diploma and passed the exams, which confirm your level of understanding corresponding issues, you become a specialist not for all remaining life but only for a short period of time. It is caused by growing information amount on every topic and this process demands constant learning. The self-education reacquires not only the efforts from the student to comprehend the material but also the control from professor to check if those actions were effective. Motive and motivation are also of great importance because it is the student who decides to provide individual learning under influence of family, his own feelings or other issue and his needs and aims makes him to learn more or less effective. There are so many definitions for self-education in the scientific literature so we can mark the peculiarities of it and find the essence of this notion to provide better understanding of this phenomenon and clarify the idea. Nevertheless, much of them do not put the element of control in their determinations when we claim that it is essential and integral part of the self-learning. To win approval from the family or from University staff will provide the student with the assurance of effectiveness of his individual study efforts. The influence on personal motivation from academic group members or from family is undoubted as it begins from early childhood when and such behavior patterns stays for all future life.
FORMS OF OPPOSITIONS IN THE NARRATIVE STRUCTURE OF “ANNE OF GREEN GABLES” BY L.M. MONTGOMERY
Authors: NIKOLENKO K. , NIKOLENKO O. 
Published: December 2021

The paper aims to explore diﬀerent forms of oppositions in the narrative structure of Lucy Maud Montgomery’s critically acclaimed novel “Anne of Green Gables”, which was ﬁrst published in 1908. Because L. M. Montgomery’s works have not been suﬃciently explored in the realm of narratology, the following paper seeks to begin covering this gap by analysing key oppositions in “Anne of Green Gables” while also taking into consideration their signiﬁcance in terms of a broader cultural and historical context, as well as accounting for the changes introduced by
L.M. Montgomery to the genre of the novel (speciﬁcally, Bildungsroman). Having analysed the original text of the novel, we have determined that the key oppositions in “Anne of Green Gables” (commonplace/romantic worldview, religion/godlessness, love/friendship, woman/man (girl/boy), childhood/adulthood, orphancy/family, loneliness/belonging, mercy/indiﬀerence, etc) play an important role in deﬁning the conﬂict dynamic between characters. By opposing stylistic elements, thematic and plot formulae, the author is able to provide an in-depth perspective of her heroine’s experiences, as well as exploring various viewpoints (Anne Shirley, Marilla and Matthew Cuthbert, Rachel Lynde, etc) when it comes to the same events. L.M. Montgomery has also updated the genre of Bildungsroman by reimagining the conventional topics of “female” literature (raising girls to be future wives and mothers, their love aﬄictions and desire to get married) and replacing them with new and relevant issues (the inﬂuence of literature and culture on one’s personality, the role of friendship in a young person’s life, using creativity as a means to reinterpret one’s surroundings and overcome inner conﬂict, etc).
LOCATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN MODERN UKRAINIAN AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES: FACTS OF CONTRASTIVE ASYMMETRY
Authors: STEPANENKO N. 
Published: December 2021

Closely related Ukrainian and Russian languages show similarities and diﬀerences that permeate diﬀerent language levels. This problem, despite its long existence, is still relevant. Among the diﬀerences that relate to the compared languages, there are inconspicuous and contrasting. The object of the proposed study was the facts of contrastive asymmetry at the level of structures with a locative type of determination. Using the methods of synchronous descriptive, comparative-historical, comparative methods, as well as the method of complex analysis of semantic- syntactic structures, we stated the facts of contrastive asymmetry between Ukrainian and Russian syntactic structures with spatial meaning in four levels: 1) formal-grammatical, 2) semantic, 3) syntactic and 4) synonymous. The proposed division is somewhat conditional because semantics organically interacts with syntagmatics it is closely related to synonymy. The formal-grammatical contrastive asymmetry includes the same values of the construction V + PO + Nloc (Ukrainian language) and V + PO + Ndat (Russian language). Their functional possibilities, the lexical-semantic spectrum of verb, and adverbial placeholders are clariﬁed. It is emphasized that the constructions V + PO + Nloc (Russian Ndat) enter into intra-singular synonymy in the Ukrainian language and inter-singular synonymy in the Russian language. It is proved that at the level of distributive possibilities contrastive asymmetry covers ﬁrst of all the instrumental prepositional case as a representative of locativity. The diﬀerences also apply to the main carriers of valence (a speciﬁc feature of the Ukrainian language is that this function, along with verbs of purposeful, sometimes unfocused movement perform verbatives of speciﬁc semantics of physical and sound action), lexical and semantic composition of adverbial nouns (in Ukrainian, it is much wider), which is extrapolated to such semantic types as proper and common names of land routes, names of types of cover, areas covered with low vegetation, continents, states, geographical and administrative areas, devices and mechanisms that serve to transport something.
It is established that the semantic asymmetry is manifested by the constructions V + Z-POZA + Ngen, V + Z-POPID + Ngen, V + Z-PONAD + Ngen, V + Z_POSERD + Ngen, V + Z_POMIZH + Ngen, V + POPID + Nасс, V + POPID + Ninst, V + POPERED + Ninst, V + POMIZH + Ninst, which actualize the shade of distributivity with the participation of the preposition component. Constructions with a speciﬁc semantic description are also recorded, which function in the Ukrainian language and are absent in the Russian language (V + POVZ + Nass, V + PERED + Nass, V + NAD + Nass, V + MIZH + Nass).