bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dairy Intake and Parkinson's Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Domenighetti Cloé , Sugier Pierre‐Emmanuel , Ashok Kumar Sreelatha Ashwin , Schulte Claudia , Grover Sandeep , Mohamed Océane , Portugal Berta , May Patrick , Bobbili Dheeraj R. , Radivojkov‐Blagojevic Milena , Lichtner Peter , Singleton Andrew B. , Hernandez Dena G. , Edsall Connor , Mellick George D. , Zimprich Alexander , Pirker Walter , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Lang Anthony E. , Koks Sulev , Taba Pille , Lesage Suzanne , Brice Alexis , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Chartier‐Harlin Marie‐Christine , Mutez Eugénie , Brockmann Kathrin , Deutschländer Angela B. , Hadjigeorgiou Georges M. , Dardiotis Efthimos , Stefanis Leonidas , Simitsi Athina Maria , Valente Enza Maria , Petrucci Simona , Duga Stefano , Straniero Letizia , Zecchinelli Anna , Pezzoli Gianni , Brighina Laura , Ferrarese Carlo , Annesi Grazia , Quattrone Andrea , Gagliardi Monica , Matsuo Hirotaka , Kawamura Yusuke , Hattori Nobutaka , Nishioka Kenya , Chung Sun Ju , Kim Yun Joong , Kolber Pierre , van de Warrenburg Bart P.C. , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Aasly Jan , Toft Mathias , Pihlstrøm Lasse , Correia Guedes Leonor , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Bardien Soraya , Carr Jonathan , Tolosa Eduardo , Ezquerra Mario , Pastor Pau , Diez‐Fairen Monica , Wirdefeldt Karin , Pedersen Nancy L. , Ran Caroline , Belin Andrea C. , Puschmann Andreas , Hellberg Clara , Clarke Carl E. , Morrison Karen E. , Tan Manuela , Krainc Dimitri , Burbulla Lena F. , Farrer Matt J. , Krüger Rejko , Gasser Thomas , Sharma Manu , Elbaz Alexis ,   and the Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment for Genetics and Environment in Parkinson's Disease (Courage‐PD) Consortium
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrevious prospective studies highlighted dairy intake as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), particularly in men. It is unclear whether this association is causal or explained by reverse causation or confounding.ObjectiveThe aim is to examine the association between genetically predicted dairy intake and PD using two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsWe genotyped a well‐established instrumental variable for dairy intake located in the lactase gene (rs4988235) within the Courage‐PD consortium (23 studies; 9823 patients and 8376 controls of European ancestry).ResultsBased on a dominant model, there was an association between genetic predisposition toward higher dairy intake and PD (odds ratio [OR] per one serving per day = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.12–2.60, P = 0.013) that was restricted to men (OR = 2.50 [1.37–4.56], P = 0.003; P‐difference with women = 0.029).ConclusionsUsing MR, our findings provide further support for a causal relationship between dairy intake and higher PD risk, not biased by confounding or reverse causation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Where Do Parkinson's Disease Patients Look While Walking?
Authors: Vanegas‐Arroyave Nora , Chen Denise F. , Lauro Peter M. , Norato Gina , Lungu Codrin , Hallett Mark 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is associated with gait and visuomotor abnormalities, but it is not clear where PD patients look during ambulation.ObjectiveWe sought to characterize the visual areas of interest explored by PD patients, with and without freezing of gait (FOG), compared to healthy volunteers (HVs).MethodsUsing an eye‐tracking device, we compared visual fixation patterns in 17 HVs and 18 PD patients, with and without FOG, during an ambulatory and a nonambulatory, computer‐based task.ResultsDuring ambulation, PD patients with FOG fixated more on proximal areas of the ground and less on the target destination. PD patients without FOG displayed a fixation pattern more similar to that of HVs. Similar patterns were observed during the nonambulatory, computer‐based task.ConclusionsOur findings suggest increased dependence on visual feedback from nearby areas in the environment in PD patients with FOG, even in the absence of motor demands. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Ultra‐high dose rate electron beams and the FLASH effect: From preclinical evidence to a new radiotherapy paradigm
Authors: Schüler Emil , Acharya Munjal , Montay‐Gruel Pierre , Loo Billy W. , Vozenin Marie‐Catherine , Maxim Peter G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn their seminal paper from 2014, Fauvadon et al. coined the term FLASH irradiation to describe ultra‐high‐dose rate irradiation with dose rates greater than 40 Gy/s, which results in delivery times of fractions of a second. The experiments presented in that paper were performed with a high‐dose‐per‐pulse 4.5 MeV electron beam, and the results served as the basis for the modern‐day field of FLASH radiation therapy (RT). In this article, we review the studies that have been published after those early experiments, demonstrating the robust effects of FLASH RT on normal tissue sparing in preclinical models. We also outline the various irradiation parameters that have been used. Although the robustness of the biological response has been established, the mechanisms behind the FLASH effect are currently under investigation in a number of laboratories. However, differences in the magnitude of the FLASH effect between experiments in different labs have been reported. Reasons for these differences even within the same animal model are currently unknown, but likely has to do with the marked differences in irradiation parameter settings used. Here, we show that these parameters are often not reported, which complicates large multistudy comparisons. For this reason, we propose a new standard for beam parameter reporting and discuss a systematic path to the clinical translation of FLASH RT.
When street‐level implementation meets systemic corruption
Authors: Gofen Anat , Meza Oliver , Pérez Chiqués Elizabeth 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTo better understand street‐level bureaucracy in developing countries, this study focuses on street‐level implementation as embedded within systemic corruption, which is well‐documented in the developing world. Analysis focuses on a large city in Guanajuato, which exhibits among the highest corruption rates in Mexico. To allow for a broad perspective, the analysis applies a sequential exploratory mixed‐method research design and draws on in‐depth interviews with varied stakeholders (N = 17) and a representative survey of street‐level bureaucrats (SLBs) (N = 594). Findings indicate that organizational corruption (ORG‐C) and street‐level corruption (SL‐C) are two distinct, yet related phenomena. Additionally, SLBs' perceptions about the level of corruption both among superiors and among colleagues are associated with their tolerance towards inappropriate street‐level interactions with citizens. By shifting attention to street‐level implementation as embedded within a corrupt environment, this study provides new theoretical and practical insights about street‐level implementation in developing countries and about the unique challenges of fighting systemic corruption. Policy impact statement: Common anticorruption policies often reflect an assumption that higher‐level ORG‐C and SL‐C are separate, isolated phenomena, thus overlooking the implications of systemic corruption environments for street‐level implementation in general, and for SL‐C in particular. By uncovering that the willingness for street‐level divergence among SLBs is influenced by their perception of corruption established by municipal administration as well as by colleagues, this study emphasizes that fighting corruption should account for the interrelationships between corruption at different organizational levels.
Preparation and characterization of highly elongated polydimethylsiloxane nanosheets
Authors: Mihara Sho , Takeoka Shinji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a biocompatible polymer that exhibits high flexibility and heat resistance. PDMS can be rapidly cross‐linked at low temperatures by a platinum‐catalyzed addition reaction and is used to create nanostructures owing to its high formability. In this study, free‐standing PDMS thin films (PDMS nanosheets) were fabricated and characterized. PDMS nanosheets, about 90–2500 nm thick, were prepared using a microgravure coater. The mechanical properties of the PDMS nanosheets depended on the amount of cross‐linker added in preparation. For example, a 93‐nm‐thick PDMS nanosheet showed high flexibility with elongation at break of 338% and Young's modulus of 0.46 MPa. The adhesion strength of the PDMS nanosheets was also dependent on the amount of cross‐linker, and the lesser the cross‐linker, the higher the adhesion strength. The PDMS nanosheets showed no change in physical properties when annealed at 150°C. Flexible, adhesive, and heat‐resistant PDMS nanosheets were demonstrated as a substrate for skin‐contact strain sensors and showed resistance changes of 20%–30% in response to skin stretching.
Outcomes of children and young adults with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma who present in critical status
Authors: Wayne Nicole J. , Li Yimei , Chung Perry , Coffan Kristin , Rheingold Susan R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma (T‐ALL/LLy) commonly present with critical features such as hyperleukocytosis and mediastinal mass, which complicates completing a diagnostic and staging workup and prevents clinical trial enrollment.ProcedureConsecutive patients with T‐ALL/LLy from 1999 to 2019 at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia were analyzed for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and various high‐risk features as well as clinical trial enrollment and outcome.ResultsWe identified 153 patients newly diagnosed with T‐ALL/LLy, 53 (35%) required PICU‐level care within 24 hours and 73 (48%) within 7 days. Non‐PICU patients had a significantly higher clinical trial enrollment rate (79.4%) versus PICU patients (56.1%, P = 0.016). Patients who enrolled on a clinical trial had similar relapse risk to those who did not enroll (relapse rate 20% vs 29%, P = 0.523). Nineteen patients were precluded from trial participation. Risk of relapse was increased for patients admitted to the PICU within 24 hours (26% vs 13%, P = 0.048). Forty‐four patients with T‐ALL presented with hyperleukocytosis, of which 30% relapsed versus 14% without (P = 0.082). Patients who underwent apheresis for hyperleukocytosis were statistically more likely to relapse (47% vs 15%, P = 0.007). Patients with elevated uric acid (20% vs 16%, P = 0.278), mediastinal mass (20% vs 14%, P = 0.501), or required emergent steroids (20% vs 16%, P = 0.626) had a similar relapse risk. A single second relapse patient survived.ConclusionsAlmost half of T‐ALL/LLy patients required PICU‐level care at diagnosis, making enrollment on clinical trials challenging, but trial enrollment predicted better outcome. Physicians should balance maintaining eligibility with safety to offer patients all options.
Patients' choices and opinions on chorionic villous sampling and non‐invasive alternatives for prenatal testing following preimplantation genetic testing for hereditary disorders: A cross‐sectional questionnaire study
Authors: Toft Christian L. F. , Diemer Tue , Ingerslev Hans J. , Pedersen Inge S. , Adrian Stine W. , Kesmodel Ulrik S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate choices of and reasoning behind chorionic villous sampling and opinions on non‐invasive prenatal testing among women and men achieving pregnancy following preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for hereditary disorders.MethodsA questionnaire was electronically submitted to patients who had achieved a clinical pregnancy following PGT at the Center for Preimplantation Genetic Testing, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark, between 2017 and 2020.ResultsChorionic villous sampling was declined by approximately half of the patients. The primary reason for declining was the perceived risk of miscarriage due to the procedure. Nine out of 10 patients responded that they would have opted for a non‐invasive prenatal test if it had been offered. Some patients were not aware that the nuchal translucency scan offered to all pregnant women in the early second trimester only rarely provides information on the hereditary disorder for which PGT was performed.ConclusionImproved counseling on the array of prenatal tests and screenings available might be required to assist patients in making better informed decisions regarding prenatal testing. Non‐invasive prenatal testing is welcomed by the patients and will likely increase the number of patients opting for confirmatory prenatal testing following PGT for hereditary disorders.
Molecular histoproteomy by MALDI mass spectrometry imaging to uncover markers of the impact of Nosema on Apis mellifera
Authors: Houdelet Camille , Arafah Karim , Bocquet Michel , Bulet Philippe 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) is a powerful technology used to investigate the spatio‐temporal distribution of a huge number of molecules throughout a body/tissue section. In this paper, we report the use of MALDI IMS to follow the molecular impact of an experimental infection of Apis mellifera with the microsporidia Nosema ceranae. We performed representative molecular mass fingerprints of selected tissues obtained by dissection. This was followed by MALDI IMS workflows optimization including specimen embedding and positioning as well as washing and matrix application. We recorded the local distribution of peptides/proteins within different tissues from experimentally infected versus non infected honeybees. As expected, a distinction in these molecular profiles between the two conditions was recorded from different anatomical sections of the gut tissue. More importantly, we observed differences in the molecular profiles in the brain, thoracic ganglia, hypopharyngeal glands, and hemolymph. We introduced MALDI IMS as an effective approach to monitor the impact of N. ceranae infection on A. mellifera. This opens perspectives for the discovery of molecular changes in peptides/proteins markers that could contribute to a better understanding of the impact of stressors and toxicity on different tissues of a bee in a single experiment.
Cell death and changes in primary metabolism: the onset of defence in Eucalyptus in the war against Leptocybe invasa
Authors: de Oliveira Pinto Ismael , Sarmento Maíra Ignacio , Martins Auxiliadora Oliveira , Rocha João Pedro Laurindo , Pinto Glória , Araújo Wagner L. , Soares Amadeu MVM , Sarmento Renato Almeida 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDHere, we investigated changes in primary metabolism and cell death around oviposition sites in two hybrid clones of Eucalyptus with different degrees of resistance to Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), as well as tolerance to water deficiency.RESULTSWe showed that apices of the resistant clone with oviposition had a higher content of amino acids, organic acids and the compound putrescine compared with those of the susceptible clone with oviposition. By contrast, apices of the resistant clone with oviposition had lower sugar and pyruvate organic acid content than those of the susceptible clone with oviposition. Small areas of necrosis were induced around the oviposition sites in the stem apices of Eucalyptus 24 h after infestation. The resistant clone developed larger necrotic areas that showed progressive increases 24–72 h after infestation compared with the susceptible clone, in which cell death was significantly lower and no changes were observed in necrotic area over time. Thus, the programmed death of cells around the egg, modulated by several amino acids, is likely the first defence response of Eucalyptus against L. invasa.CONCLUSIONOur results serve as the basis for the early identification of key metabolites produced in plants in defence against galling insects. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Genome‐wide identification, characterization and functional analysis of the chitianse and chitinase‐like gene family in Diaphorina citri
Authors: Wu Zhong‐Zhen , Zhang Wan‐Ying , Lin Yi‐Zhu , Li Da‐Qi , Shu Ben‐Shui , Lin Jin‐Tian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsect chitinases play vital roles in postembryonic development, especially during the molting process, and are potential targets for the RNA interference (RNAi)‐based insecticidal strategy. Systematic functional analyses of chitinase genes have already been conducted on numerous insect pests, but similar analyses have not been carried out on Diaphorina citri.RESULTSEleven chitinase/chitinase‐like genes and one endo‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) gene were identified in the Diaphorina citri genome using various bioinformatic tools. Transcriptomes of the integument and midgut from fifth‐instar nymphs and freshly‐emerged adults of Diaphorina citri were generated and sequenced. Potential functions of 12 chitinase/chitinase‐like genes were examined during nymph–adult transitions. Four chitinase genes, including DcCht5, DcCht7, DcCht10‐1 and DcCht10‐2, were mainly expressed in the integument of fifth‐instar nymphs. These four genes were also up‐regulated significantly under 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) treatments. RNAi‐mediated knockdown of these four genes suggests that they are essential for nymph–adult transition.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrated essential roles of the chitinase/chitinase‐like genes during the nymph–adult transition in Diaphorina citri, which are potentially useful targets for controlling the Diaphorina citri pest. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry
Estimation of a treatment policy estimand for time to event data using data collected post discontinuation of randomised treatment
Authors: Hartley Benjamin , Drury Thomas , Lettis Sally , Mayer Bhabita , Keene Oliver N. , Abellan Juan J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDiscontinuation from randomised treatment is a common intercurrent event in clinical trials. When the target estimand uses a treatment policy strategy to deal with this intercurrent event, data after cessation of treatment is relevant to estimate the estimand and all efforts should be made to collect such data. Missing data may nevertheless occur due to participants withdrawing from the study and assumptions regarding the values for data that are missing are required for estimation. A missing‐at‐random assumption is commonly made in this setting, but it may not always be viewed as appropriate. Another potential approach is to assume missing values are similar to data collected after treatment discontinuation. This idea has been previously proposed in the context of recurrent event data. Here we extend this approach to time‐to‐event outcomes using the hazard function. We propose imputation models that allow for different hazard rates before and after treatment discontinuation and use the posttreatment discontinuation hazard to impute events for participants with missing follow‐up periods due to study withdrawal. The imputation models are fitted as Andersen–Gill models. We illustrate the proposed methods with an example of a clinical trial in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A new EWMA median chart with measurement errors in short production runs–An application in yogurt cup filling process
Authors: Saha Sajal , Khoo Michael B. C. , Abubakar Sani Salihu , Das Utpal Kanti , Lee Ming Ha 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article presents an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) median chart for short production runs (SPR) (called EWMA SPR median chart). This chart improves the sensitivity of the Shewhart median chart for SPR (called Shewhart SPR median chart) proposed by Khoo et al15 in the detection of mean shifts. The proposed chart's performance is evaluated by means of the truncated average run length (TARL), truncated standard deviation of the run length (TSDRL), and expected TARL (ETARL) criteria. For all sizes of mean shifts, regardless of the sample size, the findings show that the EWMA SPR median chart outperforms the Shewhart SPR median chart. The EWMA SPR median chart is also investigated when measurement errors are present, as these errors affect the chart's performance. An example is given to illustrate the working of the chart when measurement errors are present.
Application of deterministic networking for reducing network delay in urological telesurgery: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Wang Yonghua , Zhang Zhilei , Zheng Jilu , Su Zhuang , Gui Hongxin , Jiao Wei , Yang Xuecheng , Niu Haitao 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeterministic Networking (DetNet) is a new technology that can effectively control network delay and may promote the revolution of telemedicine. This study verified the feasibility and advantage of deterministic networking in telesurgery.MethodsAll telesurgeries employed the ‘MicroHand S’ surgical robot system. The network mode adopted fixed‐line and 5G wireless networks, while the network configuration scheme adopted DetNet and general networking. The telesurgery data of three patients using DetNet and four patients using a general network were collected, and the time‐delay, packet loss rate and delay jitter were compared during the operations.ResultsCompared with a general network, DetNet can effectively control data transmission during the telesurgery process for both fixed‐line and 5G wireless networks, further reducing network latency, minimising data fluctuations, and improving surgery security.ConclusionThe DetNet meets the requirements of deterministic delay, low jitter and high bandwidth for telesurgery, which may provide effective network guarantee for developing the telemedicine system.
Does enterovirus 71 urge for effective vaccine control strategies? Challenges and current opinion
Authors: Swain Subrat Kumar , Gadnayak Ayushman , Mohanty Jatindra Nath , Sarangi Rachita , Das Jayashankar 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnterovirus 71 (EV71) is an infectious virus affecting all age groups of people around the world. It is one of the major aetiologic agents for HFMD (hand, foot and mouth disease) identified globally. It has led to many outbreaks and epidemics in Asian countries. Infection caused by this virus that can lead to serious psychological problems, heart diseases and respiratory issues in children younger than 10 years of age. Many studies are being carried out on the pathogenesis of the virus, but little is known. The host immune response and other molecular responses against the virus are also not clearly determined. This review deals with the interaction between the host and the EV71 virus. We discuss how the virus makes use of its proteins to affect the host’s immunity and how the viral proteins help their replication. Additionally, we describe other useful resources that enable the virus to evade the host’s immune responses. The knowledge of the viral structure and its interactions with host cells has led to the discovery of various drug targets for the treatment of the virus. Additionally, this review focusses on the antiviral drugs and vaccines developed by targeting various viral surface molecules during their infectious period. Furthermore, it is asserted that the improvement of prevailing vaccines will be the simplest method to manage EV71 infection swiftly. Therefore, we summarise numerous vaccines candidate for the EV71, such as the use of an inactivated complete virus, recombinant VP1 protein, artificial peptides, VLPs (viral‐like particles) and live attenuated vaccines for combating the viral outbreaks promptly.