bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive neural network sliding mode control of a nonlinear two‐degrees‐of‐freedom helicopter system
Authors: Zou Tao , Wu Huiyuan , Sun Weijun , Zhao Zhijia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe helicopter can play an important role in military and civil applications owing to its super maneuvering ability, which is closely related to its control system. To improve control performance, this study presents an adaptive sliding mode control strategy merging an adaptive neural network for a nonlinear two‐degrees‐of‐freedom (2‐DOF) helicopter system. By setting up the Lyapunov function, the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed, the astringency of the neural network weight renewal course is pledged, and the asymptotic attitude adjustment and trajectory tracking for the desired set point are realized. The availability of the adaptive radial basis function sliding mode control is finally verified via the simulation and real implementation on a nonlinear 2‐DOF helicopter platform.
Production of novel SARS‐CoV‐2 Spike truncations in Chinese hamster ovary cells leads to high expression and binding to antibodies
Authors: Minami Shiaki A. , Jung Seongwon , Huang Yihan , Harris Bradley S. , Kenaston Matthew W. , Faller Roland , Nandi Somen , McDonald Karen A. , Shah Priya S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 Spike is a key protein that mediates viral entry into cells and elicits antibody responses. Its importance in infection, diagnostics, and vaccinations has created a large demand for purified Spike for clinical and research applications. Spike is difficult to express, prompting modifications to the protein and expression platforms to improve yields. Alternatively, the Spike receptor‐binding domain (RBD) is commonly expressed with higher titers, though it has lower sensitivity in serological assays. Here, we improve transient Spike expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We demonstrate that Spike titers increase significantly over the expression period, maximizing at 14 mg L−1 on day 7. In comparison, RBD titers peak at 54 mg L−1 on day 3. Next, we develop eight Spike truncations (T1–T8) in pursuit of truncation with high expression and antibody binding. The truncations T1 and T4 express at 130 and 73 mg L−1, respectively, which are higher than our RBD titers. Purified proteins were evaluated for binding to antibodies raised against full‐length Spike. T1 has similar sensitivity as Spike against a monoclonal antibody and even outperforms Spike for a polyclonal antibody. These results suggest that T1 is a promising Spike alternative for use in various applications.
How does stakeholder engagement through environmental, social, and governance affect eco‐efficiency and profitability efficiency? Zooming into Apple Inc.'s counterparts
Authors: Lu Wen‐Min , Kweh Qian Long , Ting Irene Wei Kiong , Ren Chunya 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAs global ecological degradation intensifies, a trade‐off has arisen between environmental protection and production efficiency to achieve sustainable development for the environment, society, and the company itself. However, the potential reverse causality relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) and corporate efficiency may lead to confusion. This study estimates the eco‐efficiency of Apple Incorporated's value‐chain counterparts in the first stage and creates values and profitability in the second stage of efficiency evaluation. Results obtained from the (i) directional distance function in the two‐stage data envelopment analysis (DEA), (ii) additive efficiency decomposition two‐stage network DEA model, and (iii) network slacks‐based measure model are consistent. That is, Apple counterparts manage more efficient eco‐efficiency than profitability efficiency, implying that eco‐efficiency is their competitive advantage. We thus also run a regression analysis to examine how the ESG ratings of Apple counterparts explain their eco‐efficiency and profitability efficiency. Although the overall ESG rating positively explains the efficiencies, we found that the individual governance rating shows no statistically significant effect. The regression results provide insight for practitioners on the importance of investing in the three aspects of a firm's collective conscientiousness for societal and environmental governance. This paper integrates companies' eco‐efficiency and profitability efficiency to resolve the conflict between environmental issues and production efficiency. It also analyzes in depth the effects of ESG and its three individual factors on eco‐, profitability, and average efficiencies. The diversity of research methods also provides new ideas for future research related to firm efficiency.
Bone regeneration: A message from clinical medicine and basic science
Authors: Tsukagoshi Yuta , Matsushita Yuki 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPopulation aging is a global phenomenon and with it, the number of bone fractures increases due to higher incidences of osteoporosis. Bone fractures in the elderly increase the risk of bedridden status and mortality. Therefore, the control of osteoporosis and bone fracture is important for healthy life expectancy, and the fundamental understanding of its pathogenesis and its application in treatment is of great social significance. To solve these clinical problems, it is necessary to integrate clinical medicine and basic research. Bone regeneration after a fracture is an essential function of the living body. The prevailing view is that a small number of resident skeletal stem cells are solely responsible for regenerative capacity. Although these cells have long been considered to be in the bone marrow, it has been shown that they are also present in the growth plate and periosteum. More recently, distinct types of cells in the bone marrow, including bone marrow stromal cells, osteoblast progenitor cells, and osteoblasts, have been shown to participate in bone regeneration. Interestingly, the cellular plasticity of differentiated cells, rather than active recruitment of resident stem cell populations, may largely account for regeneration of bone tissues; terminally differentiated cells de‐differentiate into a stem cell‐like state, and then re‐differentiate into regenerating bone. In this review, we discuss the clinical risk and preventive therapy of bone fractures and the current concept of bone regeneration in basic mechanical insights, which may prove useful to both clinicians and researchers.
Long non‐coding RNA ESCCAL‐1/miR‐590/LRP6 signaling pathway participates in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Guan Hongya , Lv Pengju , Han Pengli , Zhou Lijuan , Liu Jia , Wu Wei , Yan Ming , Xing Qinghe , Cao Wei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have critical functions within esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the function and mechanism underlying ESCC‐associated lncRNA‐1 (ESCCAL‐1) in ESCC tumorigenesis have not been well clarified.MethodsESCCAL‐1, miR‐590 and LRP6 were quantified using qRT‐PCR. Cell viability, migration and invasion abilities were measured using CCK‐8 assay and transwell assays. The protein pression was determined with western blot assay. The xenograft model assays were used to examine the impact of ESCCAL‐1 on tumorigenic effect in vivo. Direct relationships among ESCCAL‐1, miR‐590 and LRP6 were confirmed using dual‐luciferase reporter assays.ResultsThe present work discovered the ESCCAL‐1 up‐regulation within ESCC. Furthermore, ESCCAL‐1 was found to interact with miR‐590 and consequently restrict its expression. Functionally, knocking down ESCCAL‐1 or over‐expressing miR‐590 hindered ESCC cell growth, invasion, and migration in vitro. Moreover, inhibition of miR‐590 could reverse the effect of knockdown of ESCCAL‐1 on cells. Importantly, it was confirmed that LRP6 was miR‐590’s downstream target and LRP6 over‐expression also partly abolished the role of miR‐590 overexpression in ESCC cells.ConclusionWe have uncovered a novel regulatory network comprising aberrant interaction of ESCCAL‐1/miR‐590/LRP6 participated in ESCC progression.
New‐onset pemphigus foliaceus following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and unmasking multiple sclerosis: A case report
Authors: Mohaghegh Fatemeh , Hatami Parvaneh , Refaghat Arezoo , Mehdizadeh Mohammadjavad , Aryanian Zeinab , Mohandesi Nessa Aghazadeh , Afshar Zeinab Mohseni 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDevelopment of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection has only been reported in one patient who had received Bamlanivimab and thus might be considered as a drug‐induced case of PF. Here, we reported the first case of PF arising solely after COVID infection without taking any culprit drug.
Pituitary insufficiency with masked inflammation: Pituitary abscess
Authors: Ono Ryohei , Nishiguchi Sho , Kitagawa Izumi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA 29‐year‐old woman presented with fever and amenorrhea. Laboratory findings showed no elevation inflammatory markers; however, hormonal evaluation revealed panhypopituitarism. She was finally diagnosed with pituitary abscess, and underwent transsphenoidal excision. The patient was treated with antibiotics and oral hormonal supplementation, and her pituitary function finally normalized.
Configuration‐Dependent Bimetallic Metal–Organic Framework Nanorods for Efficient Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Hao‐Dong , Wu Ya‐Ling , Ye Si‐Yuan , Hua Yi‐Wei , You Xi‐Xi , Yan Zheng , Li Meng‐Li , Liu Dan , Meng Yan , Cao Xuebo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe correlation between coordination mode and electrocatalytic water oxidation behavior are highly remarkable. Herein, we designed an iron‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) to realize a configuration variety from the traditional mononuclear configuration (Fe‐MOF‐M) to the binuclear structure (Fe‐MOF‐B). The configuration of Fe‐MOF was successfully regulated by pH control and nickel was introduced into the iron‐based MOF to obtain an efficient heterogeneous electrocatalyst. Benefiting from the dual function of adding Ni atoms, enhanced stability and optimized synergistic effect of different metal sites, the Ni0.8Fe0.2‐MOF‐B delivers a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 301 mV with a small Tafel slope of 62.3 mV dec−1 in 0.1 M KOH. This work presents a simple method to adjust configuration and the Ni0.8Fe0.2‐MOF‐B plays a supporting role to investigate the impact of configuration on OER performance.
Edge‐Rich Graphene Nanospheres with Ultra‐High Nitrogen Loading Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Boosted Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Han Yunjun , Shen Yongqing , Song Yanhui , Zhang Haixia , Liu Peizhi , Guo Junjie 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNitrogen (N) doping in graphene‐based materials has been demonstrated as an effective strategy in constructing active sites of metal‐free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The practical applications of metal‐free electrocatalysts in metal‐air batteries or fuel cells, nevertheless, have been hampered by their unsatisfactory catalytic performance due to insufficient catalytic active sites. In this work, a novel N‐rich graphene nanospheres (NGNs) have been achieved by adopting an edge engineering strategy through annealing the mixture of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and edge‐rich graphene nanospheres (GNs) composed of graphene nanoflakes. Benefiting from the exposure of edge defects in the GNs, the N loading surprisingly achieved as high as 14.01 at%. The half‐wave potential and limiting current density of the synthesized NGNs‐900 catalyst can reach 0.872 V and 4.25 mA cm−2, respectively, which are superior to that of the commercial Pt/C. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, the synergistic effect of graphitic‐N and pyridinic‐N in NGNs catalysts has been distinguished as the origin of the boosted ORR performance. This work proposes a facile synthesis strategy to optimize the N‐doped carbon‐based catalysts for ORR, which have great potential to replace noble‐metal catalysts.
From retina to motoneurons: A substrate for visuomotor transformation in salamanders
Authors: Flaive Aurélie , Ryczko Dimitri 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe transformation of visual input into motor output is essential to approach a target or avoid a predator. In salamanders, visually guided orientation behaviors have been extensively studied during prey capture. However, the neural circuitry involved is not resolved. Using salamander brain preparations, calcium imaging and tracing experiments, we describe a neural substrate through which retinal input is transformed into spinal motor output. We found that retina stimulation evoked responses in reticulospinal neurons of the middle reticular nucleus, known to control steering movements in salamanders. Microinjection of glutamatergic antagonists in the optic tectum (superior colliculus in mammals) decreased the reticulospinal responses. Using tracing, we found that retina projected to the dorsal layers of the contralateral tectum, where the dendrites of neurons projecting to the middle reticular nucleus were located. In slices, stimulation of the tectal dorsal layers evoked glutamatergic responses in deep tectal neurons retrogradely labeled from the middle reticular nucleus. We then examined how tectum activation translated into spinal motor output. Tectum stimulation evoked motoneuronal responses, which were decreased by microinjections of glutamatergic antagonists in the contralateral middle reticular nucleus. Reticulospinal fibers anterogradely labeled from tracer injection in the middle reticular nucleus were preferentially distributed in proximity with the dendrites of ipsilateral motoneurons. Our work establishes a neural substrate linking visual and motor centers in salamanders. This retino‐tecto‐reticulo‐spinal circuitry is well positioned to control orienting behaviors. Our study bridges the gap between the behavioral studies and the neural mechanisms involved in the transformation of visual input into motor output in salamanders.
Mechanisms of Complete Dissociation of CO2 on Iron Clusters
Authors: Gutsev Gennady L. , Tibbetts Katharine M. , Gutsev Lavrenty G. , Aldoshin Sergey M. , Ramachandran Bala R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDissociation of CO2 on iron clusters was studied by using semilocal density functional theory and basis sets of triple‐zeta quality. Fe2, Fe4, and Fe16 clusters were selected as the representative host clusters. When searching for isomers of FenCO2, n=2, 4 and 16 corresponding to carbon dioxide attachment to the host clusters, its reduction to O and CO, and to the complete dissociation, it was found that the total spin magnetic moments of the lowest energy states of the isomers are often quenched with respect to those of initial reagents Fen+CO2. Dissociation pathways of the Fe2+CO2, Fe4+CO2, and Fe16+CO2 reactions contain several transition states separated by the local minima states; therefore, a natural question is where do the spin flips occur? Since lifetimes of magnetically excited states were shown to be of the order of 100 fs, the search for the CO2 dissociation pathways was performed under the assumption that magnetic deexcitation may occur at the intermediate local minima. Two dissociation pathways were obtained for each Fen+CO2 reaction using the gradient‐based methods. It was found that the Fe2+CO2 reaction is endothermic with respect to both reduction and complete dissociation of CO2, whereas the Fe4+CO2 and Fe16+CO2 reactions are exothermic to both reduction and complete dissociation of carbon dioxide. The CO2 reduction was found to be more favorable than its complete dissociation in the Fe4 case.
Oil and seed yields affected by sowing dates and irrigation regimes applied in growth phenological stages of safflower
Authors: Gholami Baseri Saiedeh , Honar Tooraj , Heidari Bahram , Salami Maryam , Richards Christopher M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractResearch establishing optimal sowing dates and irrigation can help to alleviate the adverse effects of drought on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of sowing date and irrigation quantity on safflower traits. Irrigation treatments were applied based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc) at the vegetative, flowering, and capitulum development stages. Evapotranspiration increased as the number of irrigations increased. Morphological, yield and oil traits, and water use efficiency (WUE) were significantly higher in the early than in late sowing. Grain yield varied from 440 to 1,460 kg ha−1 in early and from 340 to 1,240 kg ha−1 in late sowing dates. Oil yield of early sown safflower varied between 188.56 and 338.84 kg ha−1 and between 24.4 and 308.82 kg ha−1 in late sowing. The oil yield of one supplemental irrigation in the vegetative stage (I1V treatment) was significantly lower than in treatments with two (I2VF, vegetative and flowering stages) and three supplemental irrigations (I3VFG, vegetative, flowering, and capitulum development stages) in early sowing. In late sowing, the oil yield of I2VF was higher than other irrigation treatments. The range of saving irrigation water in I1 treatments was from 57.0 to 83.0% in early sowing but with a corresponding 30.0 to 66.0% reduction in grain yield compared with full irrigation treatment. For most of the tested traits, irrigation in the vegetative and especially flowering stages improved safflower yield and WUE, and thus can be an alternative irrigation strategy for water conservation in dry regions.
5G smart antenna for IoT application: A review
Authors: Kishore Nawal , Senapati Anupama 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe fifth generation of mobile technology is referred to as “5G.” 5G refers to the next significant phase of mobile communications standards after the upcoming 4G standards. With 5G technology, the bulk of high‐bandwidth consumers would be able to use their phones in innovative ways. When 5G is pushed over a VOIP‐enabled device, individuals encounter record levels of call volume and data transmission. In this paper, we reviewed smart antenna 5G for Internet of Things (IoT) application. Beamforming is a 5G active antenna technique that uses directional radio links to concurrently and selectively supply high bandwidth to certain mobile devices. Multi‐antenna systems are required when using larger frequency ranges. The better the propagation conditions for electromagnetic waves, the higher the frequency. To some extent, multi‐antenna arrays and beamforming can assist mitigate this. Radio signals can be transmitted and received in a spatially targeted manner due to beamforming. The better the beamforming works, the more dipoles (antenna elements) are available. In contrast to earlier eras on wireless networking, such as Global System For Mobile Communication (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), also 4G/LTE, 5G would not require major technological advances. Additional systems and equipment are added to the existing LTE technology to increase data capacity and reduce latency. The 5G NR infrastructure depends heavily on active antenna arrays, which enable multi‐user multiple‐in multiple‐out (MIMO) technologies. For targeted radio contact with the receiver, these antenna modules use beamforming.
Sexually transmitted doping: The impact of urine contamination of semen
Authors: Handelsman David J. , Bacha Feyrous , DeBono Marsha , Sleiman Sue , Janu Margaret R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe high sensitivity of antidoping detection tests creates the possibility of inadvertent doping due to an athlete's unknowing ingestion of contaminated environmental sources such as dietary supplements, food, or drinks. Recently, athletes denying use of a prohibited substance have claimed that the positive antidoping tests was due to exchange of bodily fluids with a nonathlete partner using a prohibited substance. Measurement of drugs in semen is largely limited to one or very few samples due to the inaccessibility of sufficiently frequent semen samples for detailed pharmacokinetics. An emerging issue in semen drug measurements is that semen samples may contain residual urine from ejaculation left in the urethra; however, the urine content in semen samples has not been studied. In the present study, we employed concurrent creatinine measurements in urine and seminal plasma to determine the urine content of semen samples.
Looking for compensation at multiple scales in a wetland bird community
Authors: Barraquand Frédéric , Picoche Coralie , Aluome Christelle , Carassou Laure , Feigné Claude 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCompensatory dynamics, during which community composition shifts despite a near‐constant total community size, are usually rare: Synchronous dynamics prevail in natural communities. This is a puzzle for ecologists, because of the key role of compensation in explaining the relation between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, most studies so far have considered compensation in either plants or planktonic organisms, so that evidence for the generality of such synchrony is limited. Here, we extend analyses of community‐level synchrony to wetland birds. We analyze a 35‐year monthly survey of a community where we suspected that compensation might occur due to potential competition and changes in water levels, favoring birds with different habitat preferences. We perform both year‐to‐year analyses by season, using a compensation/synchrony index, and multiscale analyses using a wavelet‐based measure, which allows for both scale‐ and time‐dependence. We analyze synchrony both within and between guilds, with guilds defined either as tightknit phylogenetic groups or as larger functional groups. We find that abundance and biomass compensation are rare, likely due to the synchronizing influence of climate (and other drivers) on birds, even after considering several temporal scales of covariation (during either cold or warm seasons, above or below the annual scale). Negative covariation in abundance at the guild or community level did only appear at the scale of a few months or several years. We also found that synchrony varies with taxonomic and functional scale: The rare cases where compensation appeared consistently in year‐to‐year analyses were between rather than within functional groups. Our results suggest that abundance compensation may have more potential to emerge between broad functional groups rather than between species, and at relatively long temporal scales (multiple years for vertebrates), above that of the dominant synchronizing driver.