bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refertilization of depleted mantle peridotite in the Nagaland–Manipur ophiolite, north‐east India: Constraints from PGE, mineral, and whole‐rock geochemistry
Authors: Chaubey Monika , Singh Athokpam Krishnakanta , Singh Birendra P. , Imtisunep Sashimeren , Dutt Amrita , Satyanarayanan Manavalan , Premi Kshetrimayum , Abhirami Sethuraman G. 
Published: March 2022

This paper discusses whole‐rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry, and platinum group element (PGE) systematics of depleted mantle rocks (harzburgite and dunite) from the northern part of Nagaland–Manipur Ophiolite (NMO), north‐east India, to comprehend their source features, fractionation behaviour of PGE during magmatic evolution, and its tectonic origin. The studied ultramafic rocks are characterized by a low concentration of CaO (0.57–0.71 wt%), Al2O3 (0.18–0.92 wt%) with ∑REE of 1.135–2.702 ppm and high concentrations of MgO (38.70–44.21 wt%), Cr (1,843–4,572 ppm), and Ni (894–4,138 ppm). They show U‐shaped REE patterns [LREE and HREE enrichment (La/Sm)N = 1.85–4.11, (Dy/Yb)N = 0.51–0.85]. Olivine ranges Fo 88.18 to Fo92.23, whereas Cpx and Opx range En44.84 to En47.89 and En86.37 to En93.37 respectively. The chrome spinel Cr# [Cr/(Cr + Al)] and Mg# [Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)] are 0.47–0.83 and 0.31–0.60, respectively, which indicates recrystallization from a boninitic magma in a Supra‐Subduction Zone setting. Conventional thermometry indicates the equilibration temperatures of the dunite sample yielded high temperatures of ~850°C, suggesting their formation due to later interaction with high‐temperature percolating melts. The PGE contents in harzburgite are low (125.6–142.8 ppb) as compared to the dunite (248–360 ppb). They have high PPGE/IPGE and negative Pt* (Pt/Pt* = 0.73) anomaly, which is characteristic of re‐entry of PPGE into the system via reaction with percolating basaltic melt in the mantle wedge. Significantly higher concentration of PPGEs than IPGEs in the samples, indicating recrystallization of PPGEs with early sulphide fractionation. The presence of significant Rh and Pd enhancements relative to Pt in all samples suggests that Pt was removed during PGE fractionation. This could be one of the reasons for both harzburgite and dunite's sulphide undersaturation. PGE distribution in NMO ultramafic rocks was therefore validated as being governed by sulphide saturation in parental magma and altered not only by partial melting but also by fractionation during their production in the Supra‐Subduction Zone environment.
Early‐life famine exposure, hunger recall, and later‐life health
Authors: Deng Zichen , Lindeboom Maarten 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe use newly collected individual‐level hunger recall information from the China Family Panel Survey to estimate the causal effect of undernourishment on later‐life health. We develop a two‐sample instrumental variable (TSIV) estimator that can deal with heterogeneous samples. We find a nonlinear relationship between mortality rates, a commonly used famine indicator, and the individual hunger experience. The nonlinearity in famine exposure may explain the variation in the famine's effect on later‐life health found in previous studies. We also find that exposure to hunger early in life leads to worse health among females 50 years later. This effect is much larger than the reduced‐form effect found in previous studies. For males, we find no impact.
miRNA‐34c Suppresses Osteosarcoma Progression In Vivo by Targeting Notch and E2F
Authors: Bae Yangjin , Zeng Huan‐Chang , Chen Yi‐Ting , Ketkar Shamika , Munivez Elda , Yu Zhiyin , Gannon Francis H. , Lee Brendan H. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThe expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is dysregulated in many types of cancers including osteosarcoma (OS) due to genetic and epigenetic alterations. Among these, miR‐34c, an effector of tumor suppressor P53 and an upstream negative regulator of Notch signaling in osteoblast differentiation, is dysregulated in OS. Here, we demonstrated a tumor suppressive role of miR‐34c in OS progression using in vitro assays and in vivo genetic mouse models. We found that miR‐34c inhibits the proliferation and the invasion of metastatic OS cells, which resulted in reduction of the tumor burden and increased overall survival in an orthotopic xenograft model. Moreover, the osteoblast‐specific overexpression of miR‐34c increased survival in the osteoblast specific p53 mutant OS mouse model. We found that miR‐34c regulates the transcription of several genes in Notch signaling (NOTCH1, JAG1, and HEY2) and in p53‐mediated cell cycle and apoptosis (CCNE2, E2F5, E2F2, and HDAC1). More interestingly, we found that the metastatic‐free survival probability was increased among a patient cohort from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) OS, which has lower expression of direct targets of miR‐34c that was identified in our transcriptome analysis, such as E2F5 and NOTCH1. In conclusion, we demonstrate that miR‐34c is a tumor suppressive miRNA in OS progression in vivo. In addition, we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting miR‐34c in OS. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Investigation of plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance genes among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in southwest Iran
Authors: Jomehzadeh Nabi , Ahmadi Khadijeh , Bahmanshiri Mozhdeh Amiri 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundExtensive and inappropriate use of quinolones has led to growing resistance rates to these broad‐spectrum antibiotics. The present study purposed to investigate the prevalence of plasmid‐mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates.MethodNinety‐two non‐repetitive K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were confirmed by standard microbiological methods. Antibacterial susceptibility of isolates toward seven agents from the quinolone family was evaluated by the disc diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the standard agar dilution method. PCR amplification was used to detect the existence of PMQR genes in the studied isolates.ResultsIn the present study, significant quinolones' resistance (40%) was observed in K. pneumoniae isolates, and most of the strains were resistant to nalidixic acid (94.6%) and ofloxacin (45.6%). MIC analysis showed 15 strains were resistant to 6–128 μg/ml of ciprofloxacin, and five were intermediately‐resistant. PMQR genes were detected in 88% of all isolates. Acc(6’)‐Ib‐cr was constituted half of the total PMQR genes detected among ciprofloxacin non‐susceptible isolates. Of 20 ciprofloxacin non‐susceptible isolates, 65% (n = 13) harbored multiple PMQR determinants, and 15 strains were determined as integron carriage.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicated considerable resistance against quinolones, which could be correlated with the extensive and inappropriate use of this class of antibiotics as empirical treatment.
Post‐weaning exposure to Sunset Yellow FCF induces behavioral impairment and structural changes in the adult rat medial prefrontal cortex: Protective effects of Coenzyme Q10
Authors: Karimi Fatemeh , Anari Hamideh , Yousefi Nejad Amirhossein , Karbalay‐Doust Saied , Naseh Maryam 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSunset Yellow FCF (E110) is a water‐soluble synthetic dye that has adverse neurobehavioral effects. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is known as a neuroprotective agent. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of post‐weaning exposure to Sunset Yellow FCF on behavioral and structural changes in the adult rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the protective effects of CoQ10. The weanling rats were randomly divided into six groups: distilled water, CoQ10 (10 mg/kg/day), and low (2.5 mg/kg/day) and high (70 mg/kg/day) doses of Sunset Yellow FCF with or without CoQ10 consumption for 6 weeks. A battery of behavioral tests including open field and Morris water maze tests were done at the end of the sixth week, and then the animals' brains were removed for stereological methods. Our finding indicated that the high dose of Sunset Yellow FCF led to a reduced total volume of mPFC (15.16%), especially in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) region (21.96%), along with loss of neurons (32%) and glial cells (37%), which was associated with higher anxiety behavior and loss of spatial memory. However, CoQ10 prevented the neural loss and glial cells, improved anxiety‐like behaviors, and memory impairment. On the other hand, the acceptable daily dose (low dose of Sunset Yellow FCF) did not show a discernible effect on the same parameters. This study showed that the CoQ10 can protect the alteration in mPFC structure and behavioral changes of the rats exposed to high dose of Sunset Yellow FCF.
Global partnerships on paper and in practice: Critical observations from inside a Global Challenge Research Fund capacity‐development project
Authors: Axelby Richard , Worku‐Dix Bethel , Crewe Emma 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis article describes the bureaucratic processes required to establish and manage a single international capacity‐development project that brought together a funding council (AHRC), UK University (SOAS University of London) and universities and other research organisations in Myanmar and Ethiopia. Drawing from ethnographic critiques of the planning and audit practices employed in international development and in the UK University sector, we track the formal certification of partnership as enacted through due diligence and contracts, budgets and timeframes, and reconciliations and reporting. These practices point to pervasive assumptions about capacity transfer and the unequal basis of international research coalitions spanning the Global North and Global South. In this article, we challenge these assumptions by documenting how the allocation of capacity is constrained in hierarchies of time and space. For equitable partnership arrangements to be achieved, we recommend that capacity development be considered a long‐term exchange that flows from mutual reflection and learning from one another.
Morphogenetic variation and assorted biological activities in true branching Nostocales strains of Cholistan oasis, Pakistan
Authors: Inam Farooq , Mumtaz Abdul S. , Kaleem Muhammad , Sajid Imran 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFrom the oasis of Cholistan, true branching heterocystous cyanobacterial strains were studied for, the cell arrangement in primary branches being mono‐ or bi‐seriate; the shape of cells in main filament large and irregular; profused secondary branching emerging on one or both sides and tapering along their length. In these observed traits, two clear morphological taxa were recognized, both well‐assorted from the previously described species of the genus Westiellopsis. Both strains showed culturing responses and were studied for antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anticancer potentials. The strain derived from the site B‐10 provenance exhibited antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas (18 mm), Klebsiella (15 mm), Staphylococcus (22 mm). On the contrary, the strain of site A‐44 showed no activity against any of the above‐mentioned bacterial strains. The cytotoxicity assay for the strain of the B‐10 site showed 36% larval mortality, whereas strain A‐44 showed 24% larval mortality. Performance of the strain B‐10 in MTT assay (assessed on HCT‐116 cell lines) revealed a dose‐dependent activity: at 200, 100, 50, and 25 µg/ml; achieving a growth inhibition of 50.15%, 40.22%, 33.72%, and 10.21%, respectively; and the strain of A‐44 could only exhibit a 30.06% growth inhibition at 200 µg/ml. The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed the sequence homology with Neowestiellopsis. Based on data presented here we report two diverse taxa of true branching Nostocales from Cholistan oasis, Pakistan.
Features of the Development of Creative Thinking When Creating Electronic Music in Adolescents: Specialized Applications
Authors: Wang Chunming 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTAn experiment aimed at developing creative thinking and emotional literacy in adolescents was carried out. The study involved 25 adolescents aged 14–16 years and their parents—37 people (37–45 years old). Based on the use of the NanoStudio application, a creative improvisation training session was conducted among adolescents in the context of educational cases. The methodology for the development of creative skill turned out to be interesting, exciting, and effective; collaboration with children, according to parents, created an atmosphere of community and promoted an active and passionate desire for joint creative actions. The results of the survey of adolescents demonstrated a positive attitude to the implementation of creative practices which was accompanied by interest, enthusiasm, joy, trust, admiration, delight, and optimism. Since adolescence is a period of increased emotionality, which is characterized by risky behavior associated with the formation of new views, values, and interests, the need of young people for psychological adaptation, the practical value of the study lies in demonstrating the practical experience of transforming the emotional experiences of adolescents into a creative musical product, as an alternative behavior, in terms of interaction of personal, parental, and pedagogical contexts.
A machine learning classification methodology for Raman Hyperspectral imagery based on auto‐encoders
Authors: Goedhart Jonne J. , Papadakis Vassilis M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is a very sensitive, non‐destructive optical technique that is able to characterize the composition of a material. Although it is a very useful technique, its signals are rather complex and therefore require a lot of knowledge and skills to understand their meaning. This complexity increases further, when it is combined with spatial mapping, creating a three‐dimensional dataset named Raman hyperspectral imagery. The common methodology of analysing such a dataset is to use a generic supervised classification algorithm (i.e., non‐negative least square) combined with reference data. If reference data are not available, unsupervised algorithms are used to perform spectral clusterization of similar areas. This is typically achieved using standard PCA and k‐means methods. The most common problem of processing that significantly affects the results of analysis is that a raw Raman Signal consists of three sources: Raman scattering, photoluminescence and noise. The contribution weights of those components are not standard and are changing based on the sample's chemistry, which makes it very difficult to be solved. This creates the necessity for pre‐processing methods that can split this raw signal to its components. The goals of this project are to improve the unmixing performance using AI and to achieve a successful split of the raw signal into its three components. Through this study, various unsupervised methods are explored to identify the method that fits best to our microscopic RHSI data sets. Our focus is on using autoencoders for the data analysis and on a Gaussian smoothing filter combined with polynomial fittings to split the data. Results show that the selection of a classification methodology depends greatly on the application, but when a large RHSI dataset is available, the newly proposed splitting technique combined with an autoencoder classification presents the best solution.
Five state factors control progressive stages of freshwater salinization syndrome
Authors: Kaushal Sujay S. , Mayer Paul M. , Likens Gene E. , Reimer Jenna E. , Maas Carly M. , Rippy Megan A. , Grant Stanley B. , Hart Ian , Utz Ryan M. , Shatkay Ruth R. , Wessel Barret M. , Maietta Christine E. , Pace Michael L. , Duan Shuiwang , Boger Walter L. , Yaculak Alexis M. , Galella Joseph G. , Wood Kelsey L. , Morel Carol J. , Nguyen William , Querubin Shane Elizabeth C. , Sukert Rebecca A. , Lowien Anna , Houde Alyssa Wellman , Roussel Anaïs , Houston Andrew J. , Cacopardo Ari , Ho Cristy , Talbot‐Wendlandt Haley , Widmer Jacob M. , Slagle Jairus , Bader James A. , Chong Jeng Hann , Wollney Jenna , Kim Jordan , Shepherd Lauren , Wilfong Matthew T. , Houlihan Megan , Sedghi Nathan , Butcher Rebecca , Chaudhary Sona , Becker William D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFactors driving freshwater salinization syndrome (FSS) influence the severity of impacts and chances for recovery. We hypothesize that spread of FSS across ecosystems is a function of interactions among five state factors: human activities, geology, flowpaths, climate, and time. (1) Human activities drive pulsed or chronic inputs of salt ions and mobilization of chemical contaminants. (2) Geology drives rates of erosion, weathering, ion exchange, and acidification‐alkalinization. (3) Flowpaths drive salinization and contaminant mobilization along hydrologic cycles. (4) Climate drives rising water temperatures, salt stress, and evaporative concentration of ions and saltwater intrusion. (5) Time influences consequences, thresholds, and potentials for ecosystem recovery. We hypothesize that state factors advance FSS in distinct stages, which eventually contribute to failures in systems‐level functions (supporting drinking water, crops, biodiversity, infrastructure, etc.). We present future research directions for protecting freshwaters at risk based on five state factors and stages from diagnosis to prognosis to cure.
Metamaterial‐based refractive index sensor using Ge2Sb2Te5 substrate for glucose detection
Authors: Patel Shobhit K. , Parmar Juveriya , Surve Jaymit , Das Sudipta , Madhav Boddapati Taraka Phani , Taya Sofyan A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aims to design a metamaterial sensor to detect glucose levels in the human body so that the severity of diabetic patients can be determined. The biomolecules are placed over gold metamaterial to observe the behavior of the sensor. The proposed model is analyzed for both phases of GST (amorphous GST [aGST] phase and crystalline GST [cGST] phase). The design is analyzed for parameters like absorption, angle of incidence of light, the concentration of glucose biomolecules, substrate, tuning of the wavelength spectrum, and resonator thickness. The sensor with cGST provides better performance. Observing angle of incidence, 95% absorption is noticed with 48–60° radians for wavelength range 0.85–0.98 μm and with 42–69° radians for wavelength range 0.85–0.98 μm. The analysis depicts that the proposed phase change material‐based biosensor in general and with cGST, in particular, is suitable for glucose detection in the blood of diabetic patients.
Interface‐cross‐linked micelles of poly(D,L‐lactide)‐b‐poly(furfuryl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(N‐acryloylmorpholine) for near‐infrared‐triggered drug delivery application
Authors: Ramesh Kalyan , Yadav Sonyabapu , Mishra Avnish Kumar , Jo Sung‐Han , Park Sang‐Hyug , Oh Chul‐Woong , Lim Kwon Taek 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this study, we report a near‐infrared (NIR)‐responsive interface cross‐linked (ICL) micelles prepared by using the Diels–alder (DA) click reaction between poly(D,L‐lactide)‐b‐poly(furfuryl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(N‐acryloylmorpholine) (PLA‐b‐PFMA‐b‐PNAM) triblock copolymers and a diselenide cross‐linker, bis(maleimidoethyl) 3,3′‐diselanediyldipropionoate (BMEDSeDP). PLA‐b‐PFMA‐b‐PNAM was synthesized by the sequential RAFT polymerization of FMA and NAM using PLA‐macro‐chain transfer agent (PLA‐CTA) as a macro‐initiator. The DA reaction between BMEDSeDP and the furfuryl moiety in the triblock copolymer resulted in the formation of ICL micelles. The ICL micelles were analyzed by 1H NMR, FE‐SEM and DLS methods. An anticancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX) was in situ incorporated into the ICL micellar core to prepare drug loaded ICL micelles. The release of DOX from the ICL micelles was suppressed (ca. 11% in 60 h) under physiological conditions (pH 7.4), indicating that the interfacial cross‐linking greatly protected the drug release from the micelles. Interestingly, the DOX‐loaded ICL micelles showed pH and NIR‐responsive drug release profile, and the highest release was observed under NIR laser irradiation at pH 5.0. The in vitro toxicity analysis demonstrated that the ICL was not basically cytotoxic against normal HFF‐1 cells (non‐cancerous), while higher antitumor activity towards HeLa cells were exhibited by DOX‐loaded ICL micelles. The developed ICL micelles would provide a promising robust anticancer drug delivery system for the future cancer treatment.
Polystyrene/polyolefin elastomer/halloysite nanotubes blend nanocomposites: Morphology‐thermal degradation kinetics relationship
Authors: Tayouri Mohammad Iman , Mousavi Seyed Rasoul , Estaji Sara , Nemati Mahand Saba , Jahanmardi Reza , Arjmand Mohammad , Arnhold Kerstin , Khonakdar Hossein Ali 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolystyrene/polyolefin elastomer (PS/POE) (90/10 and 80/20 wt/wt) blends containing 1, 3, and 5 phr halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) in the presence and absence of a compatibilizer (polypropylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride) were prepared using the melt‐mixing technique. Scanning electron microscopic studies confirmed a matrix‐droplet morphology. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping indicated that the blends containing 5 phr HNTs possessed aggregates, while no agglomeration was observed after incorporating 5 phr compatibilizer. Thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetics were investigated using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The results demonstrated that the PS/POE blend (90/10) containing 5 phr HNTs and compatibilizer (90/10/5/5) has the best thermal stability. Different methods such as Friedman, Flynn‐Ozawa‐Wall, and Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose were applied to calculate the degradation activation energy. The 90/10/5/5 nanocomposite exhibited the highest degradation activation energy, indicating that this sample is more difficult to degrade thermally than other samples. A correlation was obtained between the activation energy and the intensity of the TGA‐fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA/FTIR) peaks of the evolved products. The Criado method was used to determine the changes in the thermal degradation mechanism of the samples.
How I approach: The workup and management of patients with progressive transformation of the germinal center
Authors: Yan Adam Paul , Carcao Manuel , Nagy Anita , Punnett Angela 
Published: March 2022

AbstractProgressive transformation of the germinal center (PTGC) is a common and underrecognized cause of pediatric lymphadenopathy. PTGC may be associated with numerous systemic medical conditions that require further workup and management, including malignancy, autoimmune conditions, lymphoproliferative conditions, immunodeficiency, and infection. Given the breadth and rarity of the associated conditions, workup should be tailored to the individual patient and occur in a tiered approach. Patients with PTGC require ongoing follow‐up, given their long‐term risk of malignancy and recurrent PTGC.
Direct CNS administration of rituximab and epratuzumab in a pediatric patient with relapsed refractory CNS B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: McClane Jenna , Chawla Anjulika , Welch Jennifer J. G. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRelapsed central nervous system (CNS) leukemia presents a therapeutic challenge to pediatric oncologists. Systemic monoclonal antibody therapy has shown recent promise in patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia, however its effect on CNS disease in this population is not well established. We describe a case of multiply relapsed and refractory CNS leukemia in an adolescent patient who responded to the intra‐CNS delivery of rituximab (anti‐CD20) and epratuzumab (anti‐CD22) therapy, demonstrating the practical use and potential efficacy of a novel route of monoclonal antibody administration in difficult‐to‐treat CNS leukemia.