bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The content validity of the Behavioural Appraisal Scales in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: A Delphi study
Authors: Wessels Marleen D. , Paap Muirne C. S. , van der Putten Annette A. J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Behavioural Appraisal Scales (BAS) were developed in The Netherlands to assess functional abilities of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD). It is recommended that further studies examine the psychometric properties of the BAS. The aim of this study was to evaluate and, if necessary, improve the content validity of the BAS. A two‐round Delphi study was used. In Round 1, parents, researchers and practice professionals indicated for each item whether they would retain, adapt or remove it, explaining their answers. The BAS were adapted based on this feedback. In Round 2, participants were given the adapted version and asked to indicate for each item whether they wanted to retain or remove it, again providing an explanation. Feedback was analysed by calculating the percentage of participants who wanted to retain, adapt or remove a certain item. Content analysis was used to analyse participants' explanations. In Round 1, more than 20% of the participants wanted to remove 11 from the 122 items, and wanted to retain or adapt the remaining items. Seven categories of adaptations emerged: (1) feasibility, (2) the construct the item measures, (3) applicability, (4) similarity among items, (5) splitting items, (6) reassignment and (7) the professionals who score the items. In Round 2, for all items >80% of the participants indicated they wanted to retain the item. Experts felt that the content validity of the BAS could be improved. After the adaptations, the content validity was evaluated as good. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether the new or adapted items are not too easy or too difficult, whether information from different informant groups results in being scored differently, and to evaluate possible differential item functioning.
DNA barcodes and microsatellites: How they complement for species identification in the complex genus Tamarix (Tamaricaceae)
Authors: Terrones Alejandro , van der Bank Michelle , Moreno Joaquín , Juan Ana 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDNA barcoding allows the identification of an organism by comparing the sequence of selected DNA regions (barcodes) with a previously compiled database, and it can be useful for taxonomic identification of species in complex genera, such as Tamarix. Many species of this genus show convergent morphology, which leads to frequent errors in their identification. Highly variable genetic markers, such as microsatellites or short sequence repeats (SSR), could be used to differentiate species where DNA barcodes fail. Here, we tested the ability of both, 5 different marker regions (rbcL, matK, ITS, trnH‐psbA, and ycf1), and 14 microsatellites, to properly identify Tamarix species, especially those from the Mediterranean Basin, and compared the pros and cons of the different analytical methods for species identification. DNA barcoding allows the genetic identification of certain species in Tamarix. The two‐locus barcodes matK + ITS and ITS + ycf1 were the best‐performing combinations, allowing up to 69% and 70%, respectively, correct identification. However, DNA barcoding failed in phylogenetically close groups, such as many Mediterranean species. The use of SSR can aid the identification of species, and the combination of both types of data (DNA barcoding and SSR) improved the success. The combination of data was especially relevant in detecting the presence of hybridization processes, which are common in the genus. However, caution must be exercised when choosing the clustering methods for the SSR data since different methods can lead to very different results.
Linguistic rights and duties of immigrants and national identity in Catalonia: Between accommodation and transformation
Authors: Riera‐Gil Elvira 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn 2018, the Government of Catalonia redefined its educational language policy through a programmatic document entailing a relevant shift: instead of highlighting the protection of Catalan as the national language, it stressed multilingualism and interculturalism as educational pillars. In doing so, it widened the scope of linguistic rights and duties of immigrants (LRDI). The exceptional growth of international immigration in Catalonia over the last two decades is at the root of this change. This article addresses LRDI from a theoretical and empirical perspective. First, it contributes a categorisation of approaches to LRDI (adjustive, accommodative and transformative) based on a comprehensive analysis of contemporary linguistic justice theories. Second, it analyses the challenging position of minority nations in managing LRDI and suggests that their explicitness in language policies has often been misinterpreted as monist by the literature. Finally, it documents a trend in Catalonia, in terms of rationale and policies, towards a pluralist reframing of national identity and the recognition of immigrants' languages.
Leafminer attack accelerates the development of soil‐dwelling conspecific pupae via plant‐mediated changes in belowground volatiles
Authors: Escobar‐Bravo Rocío , Schimmel Bernardus C. J. , Glauser Gaétan , Klinkhamer Peter G. L. , Erb Matthias 
Published: January 2022

Summary

Herbivore population dynamics are strongly influenced by the interactions established through their shared host. Such plant‐mediated interactions can occur between different herbivore species and different life developmental stages of the same herbivore. However, whether these interactions occur between leaf‐feeding herbivores and their soil‐dwelling pupae is unknown.

We studied whether tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf herbivory by the American serpentine leafminer Liriomyza trifolii affects the performance of conspecific pupae exposed to the soil headspace of the plant. To gain mechanistic insights, we performed insect bioassays with the jasmonate‐deficient tomato mutant def‐1 and its wild‐type, along with phytohormones, gene expression and root volatiles analyses.

Belowground volatiles accelerated leafminer metamorphosis when wild‐type plants were attacked aboveground by conspecifics. The opposite pattern was observed for def‐1 plants, in which aboveground herbivory slowed metamorphosis. Leafminer attack induced jasmonate and abscisic acid accumulation and modulated volatile production in tomato roots in a def‐1‐dependent manner.

Our results demonstrate that aboveground herbivory triggers changes in root defence signalling and expression, which can directly or indirectly via changes in soil or microbial volatiles, alter pupal development time. This finding expands the repertoire of plant–herbivore interactions to herbivory‐induced modulation of metamorphosis, with potential consequences for plant and herbivore community dynamics.
Pannexin 1 role in the trigeminal ganglion in infraorbital nerve injury‐induced mechanical allodynia
Authors: Kurisu Ryoko , Saigusa Tadashi , Aono Yuri , Hayashi Yoshinori , Hitomi Suzuro , Shimada Masahiko , Iwata Koichi , Shinoda Masamichi 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesThe detailed pathological mechanism of orofacial neuropathic pain remains unknown. We aimed to examine the pannexin 1 (Panx1) signaling in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) involvement in infraorbital nerve injury (IONI)‐induced orofacial neuropathic pain.Materials and MethodsMechanical head‐withdrawal threshold (MHWT) was measured in IONI‐treated rats receiving intra‐TG Panx1 inhibitor or metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonist administration and MHWTs in naive rats receiving intra‐TG mGluR5 agonist administration post‐IONI. Glutamate and Panx1 in the TG were measured post‐IONI. Panx1, mGluR5, and glutamine synthetase expression in TG were immunohistochemically identified, and changes in the number of mGluR5‐P2X3‐expressed TG neurons were examined.ResultsMHWT was significantly decreased post‐IONI, and this decrease was reversed by Panx1 inhibition or mGluR5 antagonism. mGluR5 agonism induced a decrease in the MHWT. IONI increased extracellular glutamate in TG. Panx1 was expressed in satellite glial cells and TG neurons, and intra‐TG mGluR5 antagonism decreased the number of mGluR5 and P2X3 positive TG neurons post‐IONI.ConclusionsIONI facilitates glutamate release via Panx1 that activates mGluR5 which was expressed in the nociceptive TG neurons innervating the orofacial region. In turn, P2X3 receptor‐expressed TG neurons are enhanced via mGluR5 signaling, resulting in orofacial neuropathic pain.
Genetic elimination of lipoxygenase‐2 improves sprouting and tocopherols, and removal of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor enhances in vitro protein digestibility in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Rani Anita , Tayalkar Trupti , Jha Priyamvada , Mittal Priyanka , Anshu Aseem Kumar , Rawal Reena 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGenetic removal of lipoxygenase‐2 (Lox‐2) and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) from soybean seeds is desired as the former generates off‐flavour associated with soy products while the latter affects protein digestibility. In the present study, Lox‐2 null and KTI null introgressed lines developed by introgressing null alleles of Lox‐2 and KTI in recurrent genotype JS97‐52 were assessed for sprouting attributes, storage protein fractions, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), tocopherol composition, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) number and Bowman–Birk inhibitor (BBI) in comparison with the recurrent genotype. Lox‐2 null introgressed line (NLx2IL) exhibited significantly (P < .05) higher first count, sprouting index, sprout length, tocopherol isomers and reduced TBA number. Null KTI introgressed line (NKTIIL) showed significantly (P < .05) enhanced IVPD and BBI concentration. The study showed that genetic elimination of lipoxygenase‐2 and KTI improved the sprouting and nutritional value of soybean, respectively.
The Complex Reality of Vice Presidential Selection in the Modern Era
Authors: Baumgartner Jody C , Park Baekkwan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis essay updates the small amount of formal research dedicated to explicating the factors that drive the selection of a vice presidential nominee. Demographic and political characteristics of the individuals on the presidential nominees' short lists, as well as various measures of presidential ticket balance, are modeled for the 24 contested major party vice presidential nominations from 1960 through 2020. Discrete choice analysis highlights the idea that the calculus used by presidential nominees to select their running mate has become more complex in the modern era. Years served in national political office, exposure in the national media, bringing either gender or racial/ethnic diversity to the ticket, and youth are all factors that seem to matter in the selection process. Predicted probabilities generated from the model correctly identify 18 (75%) of the eventual nominees.
Genetic improvement of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: A review of global status
Authors: Pillai Bindu R. , Ponzoni Raul W. , Das Mahapatra Kanta , Panda Debabrata 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGiant freshwater prawn (GFP), Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is a tropical species widely cultured in several countries across the world. It has high market demand accompanied by attractive prices. The global farmed production of this species in 2018 was 237,124 tonnes (t) valued over 1.93 billion USD. Due to its importance in freshwater aquaculture, several countries have started genetic improvement programmes for this species with varying degree of success. The selective breeding programmes for M. rosenbergii were started rather late (in the mid‐nineties) compared with other aquaculture species such as salmon (1975), tilapia (1986) and rohu carp (1992). At present, genetic improvement programmes with this species are continuing in Vietnam, China, India, Thailand and Indonesia. In the majority of the breeding programmes, the major selection trait is growth rate. The heritability of growth rate (harvest body weight; HBW) ranged from 0.056 to 0.407. In most of the programmes, response to selection was moderate to high ranging from 4.4% to 11% per generation. Selection for faster growth has also brought correlated response of higher edible meat without detrimental effects on flesh quality attributes. There was low response per generation (1.1% per generation) in survival rate. The present paper reviews the selective breeding programmes for GFP being carried out in different countries with a focus on experiences gained and the problems faced in disseminating the improved strain. The challenges faced during the conduct and practical implementation of breeding programmes are discussed, and we outline research areas that could lead to improved productivity in this species.
Understanding asymmetrical malpigmentation in flatfishes and improvement measures for aquaculture
Authors: Zhang Bo , Shao Changwei , Chen Songlin , Bao Baolong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPleuronectiformes, an order known as flatfishes, is important in mariculture worldwide with the unique characteristic of body asymmetry, and thus has value in scientific research. Also, as an economically important species, flatfishes have great developing potential for industrial aquaculture. Their rapid growth, rich nutrition, delicious taste, and high‐quality protein are accepted and favoured by consumers all over the world. Due to large‐scale breeding and expanding production, however, different degrees of abnormal body colour flatfishes have emerged, which seriously affect commercial value of the fish, even reducing it by half; therefore, relevant research has been carried out. This article reviews how environmental factors affect body colour abnormalities and possible genetic mechanism of abnormal body colouration of flatfishes, summarizes the hypotheses of the mechanism of body colour asymmetry, and proposes the latest improvement measures obtained at the genomic screening level to prevent the occurrence of abnormal body colour. This review suggests the molecular mechanism of abnormal asymmetric distribution of body colour, suggests measures for avoiding malpigmentation in flatfishes, and provides a constructive theoretical reference for healthy development of the flatfish breeding industry.
A novel methodology concentrating on risk propagation to conduct a risk analysis based on a directed complex network
Authors: Ma Xiaoxue , Deng Wanyi , Qiao Weiliang , Luo Huiwen 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA novel methodology is proposed in the present study to describe the risk propagation process by quantitatively evaluating the criticality and sensitivity of risk events according to complex network theory, based on which risk matrices are developed to interrupt the risk propagation process by setting up safety barriers. The applicability and accuracy of the improved k‐shell decomposition algorithm and risk flow model for calculating the criticality proposed in this study are verified by the susceptible‐infected‐recovered (SIR) simulation, which is widely regarded as a benchmark for complex networks (CN) issues. The results confirm the advantages of the proposed methodologies considering comprehensively various comparison indicators. The sensitivity of the nodes is quantified by running an SIR simulation with a variable infection rate and recovery rate. Finally, the criticality and sensitivity of risk events contribute to the development of risk matrices with three different risk scenarios, based on which the applicability and effectiveness of safety barriers are qualitatively analyzed to interrupt the risk propagation process. The framework and methodologies proposed in this study could well present the risk propagation process within CNs and are proven to have a great potential for studies on safety barriers.
Aetiologies of acute undifferentiated febrile illness at the emergency ward of the University of Gondar Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Akelew Yibeltal , Pareyn Myrthe , Lemma Mulualem , Negash Markos , Bewket Gezahegn , Derbew Agegnehu , Belay Gizeaddis , Pollmann Julia , Adriaensen Wim , Peeters Marjan , Ombelet Sien , Adane Aynishet , Mohammed Rezika , van Griensven Johan , Cnops Lieselotte 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveCauses of acute febrile illness (AFI) often remain undetermined in developing countries, due to overlap of symptoms and limited available diagnostics. We aimed to assess the aetiology of AFI in adults in a referral hospital in northwest Ethiopia.MethodsWhile all participants were tested for malaria by rapid diagnostic test (RDT), microscopy was only done on physician's request. Dengue virus (DENV) infections were detected using an RDT and ELISAs and dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya cases were identified by PCR. Bacterial aetiologies were investigated using blood culture and PCR.ResultsThe aetiology of acute infection was identified for 20.5% of 200 patients enrolled. Eleven percent tested positive for Plasmodium, while microscopy was only requested for half of the identified malaria cases. For 4.0% of the Plasmodium‐infected patients, an acute or past DENV (co‐)infection was detected. We found 7.5% acute and 13.0% past DENV – all serotype 3 – infections. Bacterial infections were observed in 4.5% of the patients.ConclusionMalaria is still a considerable aetiology of AFI and dengue is underrecognised. There are areas where both diseases occur concomitantly, and the DENV‐3 serotype presumably spreads from Sudan to northern Ethiopia. As only 20.5% of the aetiologies were identified, a broader testing platform is required.
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation for Acoustic Data Communication in Ultrasonic Structural Health Monitoring Systems
Authors: Márquez Reyes Octavio A. , Moll Jochen , Zonzini Federica , Mohammadgholiha Masoud , De Marchi Luca 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Delivering information from the transducers to the base station is one of the main challenges in current guided wave-based structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. In recent years, novel solutions started to be investigated, which are based on guided ultrasonic waves (GWs). These waves experience mild power dissipation, hence being capable to travel comparatively long distances. The key idea is to exploit GWs as a means to transmit digital information (e.g. a damage indicator) directly over the mechanical waveguide. The advantage is that conventional radio-frequency communication is not needed and this is of the uttermost importance in harsh environments.
Among the very different modulation techniques, a Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)–based modulation strategy is specifically employed in this work and numerical results are presented. More in detail, finite element simulations based on frequency steerable acoustic transducers (FSAT) are performed showing spatial multiplexing capabilities as widely used in modern 5G data communication systems.
Preliminary Acoustic Study of 3D Localization of Buried Polyethylene Pipe
Authors: Xerri William , Saracco Gineth , Gassier Ghislain , Zomero Laurent , Picon Philippe 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Acoustic waves are commonly used to locate buried polyethylene pipes. In this preliminary study we are particularly interested in pipes depth. To obtain depth information we are moving towards a multi-sensor solution. Several estimators are implemented and tested on real data. A depth estimator according to the relative delays between sensors is proposed. We compare two relative delays estimators : the method using the cross-correlation and the one using the coherence function. We will verify on real measurements that the second method is much more efficient than the first one. Before discussing the results we will present another approach which consists in adapting the MUSIC (MUltiple SIgnals Classification) algorithm to our problem.
Determination of the Case Depth by Ultrasonic Backscatter of Case and Induction Hardened Steel With a Soft Hardness Gradient
Authors: Graja Paul , Meyendorf Norbert 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Heat treatment of steel is a common industrial procedure to alter the microstructure of a component locally. Often, only the surface of a component is heat-treated to a certain thickness such that it benefits from the high durability provided by a hardened microstructure, while the core microstructure remains ductile. The nondestructive determination of this thickness, the case-hardened depth, can be performed by evaluating the slight differences of the ultrasonic backscatter from the grains of changing size in different layers. However, current methods require a small transition zone from the hardened to the core microstructure for accurate results. In this work, a different approach for the determination of the case-hardened depth of components with a large transition zone is described. This approach utilizes ultrasonic frequencies about 20 MHz in contact technique. The ultrasound is introduced in an oblique setup with a wedge and is mode converted to the transverse mode. The statistical evaluation of the backscattering shows promising results for the determination of the case-hardened depth of hardened components with a smooth decrease of the hardness over the depth.
Early Fatigue Damage Evaluation of Nonlinear Guided Wave Imaging in Hyperelastic Materials
Authors: Zhao Chengwei , Tanweer Sunia , Li Jian , Lin Min , Zhang Xiang , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves have superior sensitivity of the early fatigue damage. This paper investigates the analysis of the second harmonics of Lamb waves in a free boundary aluminum plate, and the internal resonance conditions between the Lamb wave primary modes and the second harmonics. The Murnaghan’s model is implemented in a finite element (FE) analysis to describe the hyperelastic constitutive relation for nonlinear acoustic modeling. The second harmonics of s0 mode are actuated by a 60kHz Hanning-windowed tone burst. A guided wave signal processing platform is developed for tomographic imaging. The different stages of fatigue are reflected by the changes of third-order elastic constants (TOECs) in Murnaghan’s model. The reconstructed damage locations match well with the actual ones cross different degrees and depths of fatigue.
Adaptive Data Acquisition for Fast Ultrasonic Imaging Using Laser Induced Phased Arrays
Authors: Lukacs Peter , Stratoudaki Theodosia , Davis Geo , Gachagan Anthony 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
This study introduces a novel data acquisition method, the Selective Matrix Capture (SMC), that can adapt the array geometry during data acquisition, to the demands of the inspected structure, such as the defects encountered. The adaptive data acquisition method is enabled by the use of Laser Induced Phased Arrays (LIPAs). We have previously demonstrated high-resolution ultrasonic images of the interior of components using Full Matrix Capture (FMC) and the Total Focusing Method (TFM). However, capturing the FMC requires long synthesis time due to signal averaging and mechanical laser scanning, compromising the application potential of LIPAs. Given that most components are defect free, significant time savings can be obtained by only acquiring high-fidelity data when a defect is indicated. The paper presents the Selective Matrix Capture that acquires data more efficiently without a priori knowledge of the location of the defects, while still achieving the superior imaging quality provided by an FMC data set.