bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early bisphosphonate therapy post proximal femoral fracture fixation does not impact fracture healing: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tong Yui Yee Felice , Holmes Samuel , Sefton Andrew 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is conjecture on the optimal timing to administer bisphosphonate therapy following operative fixation of low‐trauma hip fractures. Factors include recommendations for early opportunistic commencement of osteoporosis treatment, and clinician concern regarding the effect of bisphosphonates on fracture healing. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine if early administration of bisphosphonate therapy within the first month post‐operatively following proximal femur fracture fixation is associated with delay in fracture healing or rates of delayed or non‐union.MethodsWe included randomized controlled trials examining fracture healing and union rates in adults with proximal femoral fractures undergoing osteosynthesis fixation methods and administered bisphosphonates within 1 month of operation with a control group. Data were pooled in meta‐analyses where possible. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the GRADE approach were used to assess validity.ResultsFor the outcome of time to fracture union, meta‐analysis of three studies (n = 233) found evidence for earlier average time to union for patients receiving early bisphosphonate intervention (MD = −1.06 weeks, 95% CI −2.01–−0.12, I2 = 8%). There was no evidence from two included studies comprising 718 patients of any difference in rates of delayed union (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.25–1.46). Meta‐analyses did not demonstrate a difference in outcomes of mortality, function or pain.ConclusionsWe provide low‐level evidence that there is no reduction in time to healing or delay in bony union for patients receiving bisphosphonates within 1 month of proximal femur fixation.
A phase I study of the safety and efficacy of talimogene laherparepvec in Japanese patients with advanced melanoma
Authors: Yamazaki Naoya , Isei Taiki , Kiyohara Yoshio , Koga Hiroshi , Kojima Takashi , Takenouchi Tatsuya , Yokota Kenji , Namikawa Kenjiro , Yi Min , Keegan Alissa , Fukushima Satoshi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTalimogene laherparepvec (T‐VEC) is approved for the treatment of unresectable melanoma in the USA, Europe, and Australia. This phase I, multicenter, open‐label, dose de‐escalation study evaluated the safety and efficacy of T‐VEC in Japanese patients with unresectable stage IIIB–IV melanoma. Eligible adult patients had histologically confirmed stage IIIB–IVM1c cutaneous melanoma, may have received prior systemic anticancer therapy, must have had ≥1 injectable lesion, serum lactate dehydrogenase ≤1.5x upper limit of normal, ECOG performance status of 0 or 1, and adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal function. T‐VEC was injected intralesionally (first dose, ≤4.0 ml of 106 PFU/ml; after 3 weeks and then every 2 weeks thereafter, ≤4.0 ml of 108 PFU/ml). Primary endpoints were dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) and durable response rate (DRR). Of 18 enrolled patients (72.2% female), 16 had received ≥1 prior line of therapy. Ten patients discontinued T‐VEC due to disease progression. Median (range) follow‐up was 20.0 (4–37) months. No DLTs were observed; 17 (94.4%) patients had treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs). Fourteen (77.8%) patients had treatment‐related AEs; the most frequent were pyrexia (44.4%), malaise (16.7%), chills, decreased appetite, pruritus, and skin ulcer (11.1% each). The primary efficacy endpoint was met: 2 (11.1%) patients had a durable partial response ≥6 months. The DRR was consistent with that observed in a phase III trial of T‐VEC in non‐Asian patients. The safety profile was consistent with the patients' underlying disease and the known safety profile of T‐VEC.
Does gender influence children's and young people's caring? A qualitative, systematic review and meta‐ethnography
Authors: Boyle Geraldine , Constantinou Georgina , Garcia Rebecca 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis qualitative, systematic review explored the influence of gender on children's and young people's caring roles. However, there was very limited research in this area. Eight studies were included and the synthesis yielded seven global themes. The meta‐ethnography produced a higher‐order concept—the gendered reproduction of children's and young people's caring. The review shows that children and young people are relied on as a caring resource in the global North and South. We emphasise that gender equality in caring, particularly among adults, is necessary to enhance the lifechances of girls and young women.
Images of laser and light‐emitting diode colonoscopy for comparing large colorectal lesion visibility with linked color imaging and white‐light imaging
Authors: Yoshida Naohisa , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Kashida Hiroshi , Tomita Yuri , Dohi Osamu , Inoue Ken , Hirose Ryohei , Itoh Yoshito , Okada Masahiro , Yoshimoto Shiori , Fujinuma Toshihiro , Sakamoto Hirotsugu , Sunada Keijiro , Komeda Yoriaki , Sekai Ikue , Okai Natsuki , Yamamoto Hironori 
Published: June 2022

ObjectivesIn light‐emitting diode (LED) and laser colonoscopy, linked color imaging (LCI) superiority to white‐light imaging (WLI) for polyp detection is shown separately. We analyzed the noninferiority of LCI between LED and laser colonoscopy and that of WLI (LECOL study).MethodsWe prospectively collected nonpolypoid lesions with WLI and LCI using LED and laser colonoscopy from January 2021 to August 2021. All images were evaluated randomly by 12 endoscopists (six nonexperts and six experts in three institutions) using the polyp visibility score: 4, excellent; 3, good; 2, fair; and 1, poor. The comparison score (LED better/similar/laser better) for redness and brightness was evaluated for WLI and LCI pictures of each lesion.ResultsFinally, 63 nonpolypoid lesions were evaluated, and the mean polyp size was 24.5 ± 13.4 mm. Histopathology revealed 13 serrated lesions and 50 adenomatous/cancerous lesions. The mean polyp visibility scores of LCI pictures were significantly higher than those of WLI in the LED (3.35 ± 0.85 vs. 3.08 ± 0.91,P < 0.001) and the laser (3.40 ± 1.71 vs. 3.05 ± 0.97,P < 0.001) group, and the noninferiority of LCI pictures between LED and laser was significant (P < 0.001). The comparison scores revealed that the evaluation of redness and brightness (LED better/similar/laser better) were 26.8%/40.1%/33.1% and 43.5%/43.5%/13.0% for LCI pictures (P < 0.001) and 20.6%/44.3%/35.1% and 60.3%/31.7%/8.0% for WLI pictures (P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionThe noninferiority of polyp visibility with WLI and LCI in LED and laser colonoscopy was shown. WLI and LCI of LED tended to be brighter and less reddish than those of laser.
MicroRNA inhibition using antimiRs in acute human brain tissue sections
Authors: Morris Gareth , Langa Elena , Fearon Conor , Conboy Karen , Lau E‐How Kelvin , Sanz‐Rodriguez Amaya , O'Brien Donncha F. , Sweeney Kieron , Lacey Austin , Delanty Norman , Beausang Alan , Brett Francesca M. , Cryan Jane B. , Cunningham Mark O. , Henshall David C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAntisense inhibition of microRNAs is an emerging preclinical approach to pharmacoresistant epilepsy. A leading candidate is an "antimiR" targeting microRNA‐134 (ant‐134), but testing to date has used rodent models. Here, we develop an antimiR testing platform in human brain tissue sections. Brain specimens were obtained from patients undergoing resective surgery to treat pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Neocortical specimens were submerged in modified artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) and dissected for clinical neuropathological examination, and unused material was transferred for sectioning. Individual sections were incubated in oxygenated ACSF, containing either ant‐134 or a nontargeting control antimiR, for 24 h at room temperature. RNA integrity was assessed using BioAnalyzer processing, and individual miRNA levels were measured using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Specimens transported in ACSF could be used for neuropathological diagnosis and had good RNA integrity. Ant‐134 mediated a dose‐dependent knockdown of miR‐134, with approximately 75% reduction of miR‐134 at 1 μmol L−1 and 90% reduction at 3 μmol L−1. These doses did not have off‐target effects on expression of a selection of three other miRNAs. This is the first demonstration of ant‐134 effects in live human brain tissues. The findings lend further support to the preclinical development of a therapy that targets miR‐134 and offer a flexible platform for the preclinical testing of antimiRs, and other antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics, in human brain.
Saturated water‐weakening effects on the compressive behavior of thermally damaged granite
Authors: Zhao Ziyuan , Li Weiguo , Ma Jianzuo , Yang Mengqing , Kou Haibo , He Yi , Zheng Shifeng , Dong Pan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA detailed understanding of the compressive behavior of granite under environments of high temperature and water is critical for deep resource exploitation. In this study, uniaxial compressive strength tests were conducted on dry and water‐saturated granite with thermal damage at room temperature. A new phenomenon was discovered: With the increase of thermal damage degree of granite at different heat‐treatment temperatures, the saturated water‐induced weakening effects on the stress thresholds representing each crack development stage of granite present an obvious non‐monotonic trend. Of the saturated water‐induced weakening effects, 500°C is the key point, where the abrupt change occurs and the attenuation of compressive strength (peak stress) attains the maximum, reaching 41.77%. Further, the corresponding phenomenon was attributed to the form transformation of microcracks near 500°C based on the microstructural analysis. This study enriches the understanding of rock behavior deep underground and can provide a guide for more efficient hydraulic fracturing in deep resource exploitation, as well as the long‐term safe and stable use of nuclear waste disposal projects within the granite.
Ichthyoplankton assemblages and physical characteristics of two submarine canyons in the south central Tyrrhenian Sea
Authors: Ciannelli Lorenzo , Cannavacciuolo Antonio , Konstandinidis Peter , Mirasole Alice , Wong‐Ala Jennifer A. T. K. , Guerra Maria Teresa , D'Ambra Isabella , Riginella Emilio , Cianelli Daniela 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIchthyoplankton assemblages in the south central Tyrrhenian Sea are not known in spite of this being an intensely fished area. There are two large canyons in this region: Dohrn, in the Gulf of Naples, and Cuma, at the south end of the Gulf of Gaeta. In this study, we provide the first description of summer ichthyoplankton assemblages in the vicinity of the two canyons and present the physical features and Lagrangian particle tracking analyses at the time of the sampling. We identified fish larvae of 19 families and fish eggs of 8 families. The most abundant species was Engraulis encrasicolus, which was found at densities comparable to other known spawning grounds of the western Mediterranean. Mesopelagic species, such as Gonostomatidae and Myctophidae, were also abundant, especially at the Cuma Canyon. The notochord and standard length of the E. encrasicolus larvae ranged from 2.06 to 10.47 mm and was significantly smaller at the Cuma stations than at the Dohrn stations, suggesting the presence of sub‐populations with different spawning phenologies. The passive particle tracking analyses and the examination of currents confirmed distinct circulation features between the two sampled regions and in relation to depth and proximity to the canyon heads. These results uncover previously unknown rich assemblages of fish eggs and larvae and have conservation and management implications given the proximity of these canyons to a marine protected area and to an intensely fished continental shelf.
The influence of mussel restoration on coastal carbon cycling
Authors: Sea Mallory A. , Hillman Jenny R. , Thrush Simon F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIncreasing responsiveness to anthropogenic climate change and the loss of global shellfish ecosystems has heightened interest in the carbon storage and sequestration potential of bivalve‐dominated systems. While coastal ecosystems are dynamic zones of carbon transformation and change, current uncertainties and notable heterogeneity in the benthic environment make it difficult to ascertain the climate change mitigation capacity of ongoing coastal restoration projects aimed at revitalizing benthic bivalve populations. In this study we sought to distinguish between direct and indirect effects of subtidal green‐lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) on carbon cycling, and combined published literature with in‐situ experiments from restored beds to create a carbon budget for New Zealand's shellfish restoration efforts. A direct summation of biogenic calcification, community respiration, and sediment processes suggests a moderate carbon efflux (+100.1 to 179.6 g C m−2 year−1) occurs as a result of recent restoration efforts, largely reflective of the heterotrophic nature of bivalves. However, an examination of indirect effects of restoration on benthic community metabolism and sediment dynamics suggests that beds achieve greater carbon fixation rates and support enhanced carbon burial compared to nearby sediments devoid of mussels. We discuss limitations to our first‐order approximation and postulate how the significance of mussel restoration to carbon‐related outcomes likely increases over longer timescales. Coastal restoration is often conducted to support the provisioning of many ecosystem services, and we propose here that shellfish restoration not be used as a single measure to offset carbon dioxide emissions, but rather used in tandem with other initiatives to recover a bundle of valued ecosystem services.
Multiple stakeholders' perspectives on patient and public involvement in community mental health services research: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Yamaguchi Sosei , Abe Makiko , Kawaguchi Takayuki , Igarashi Momoka , Shiozawa Takuma , Ogawa Makoto , Yasuma Naonori , Sato Sayaka , Miyamoto Yuki , Fujii Chiyo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) has become essential in health research. However, little is known about multiple stakeholders' perspectives on the implementation of PPI in community mental health research settings. The present study aimed to qualitatively analyse multiple stakeholders' views on PPI, including potential concerns, barriers and approaches.MethodsThis study involved conducting focus group interviews and collecting qualitative data from 37 participants in multiple stakeholder groups (patients = 6, caregivers = 5, service providers = 7, government staff = 5 and researchers = 14) in the community mental health field. The data were qualitatively analysed using a data‐driven approach that derived domains, themes and subthemes related to perspectives on PPI and to specific challenges and approaches for implementing PPI.ResultsThe qualitative analysis identified four domains. The ‘Positive views and expectations regarding PPI’ domain consisted of themes related to supportive views of PPI in a mental health service research setting and improvements in the quality of research and service. The ‘General concerns about PPI’ domain included themes concerning the need for non‐PPI research and tokenism, excessive expectations concerning social changes and use of evidence from PPI research, and heavy burdens resulting from PPI. The ‘Specific issues regarding the implementation of PPI’ domain consisted of four themes, including academic systems, selection methods (e.g., representativeness and conflict of interest issues), relationship building, and ambiguous PPI criteria. In particular, all stakeholder groups expressed concerns about relational equality during PPI implementation in Japan. The ‘Approaches to PPI implementation’ domain included themes such as facilitating mutual understanding, creating a tolerant atmosphere, establishing PPI support systems (e.g., training, ethics and human resource matching) and empowering patient organizations.ConclusionThe study replicated most of the barriers and approaches to PPI reported by qualitative research in Western counties. However, utilization of evidence produced by PPI research and partnership in the PPI process may be particularly serious issues in Japan. Future PPI studies should carefully address solutions that fit each culture.Patient or Public ContributionA patient‐researcher was involved in all stages of this project, from development of the research topic and the protocol to manuscript preparation.
Characterization of anisotropic gas permeability and thermomechanical properties of highly textured porous alumina
Authors: Honda Sawao , Hashimoto Shinobu , Nait‐Ali Benoît , Smith David S. , Daiko Yusuke , Iwamoto Yuji 
Published: June 2022

AbstractPorous alumina with a highly textured microstructure was fabricated by pulse electric current sintering (PECS) using alumina platelets. Highly oriented porous alumina with a porosity of 3%–50% was obtained by a pressure‐controlled method of PECS. The properties of the highly textured porous alumina were measured in two directions. The nitrogen gas permeance and thermal conductivity at room temperature were higher in the direction along the platelet length due to the higher continuity of pores and the connectivity of alumina platelets, respectively. The anisotropy of the thermal conductivity at room temperature was investigated and explained by the effect of grain size of platelets as well as morphology and orientation of pores. The bending strength was higher with the loading direction along the platelet thickness. The thermal shock strength was clearly different in the two directions. The difference in the thermal shock strength was investigated by the measurement of properties and thermal stress analysis.
Consent and the Right to Privacy
Authors: Mills Kevin 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThere is currently intense debate about the significance of user consent to data practices. Consent is often taken to legitimate virtually any data practice, no matter how invasive. Many scholars argue, however, that user consent is typically so defective as to be ‘meaningless’ and that user privacy should thus be protected by substantive legislation that does not rely (or does not rely heavily) on consent. I argue that both views rest on serious mistakes about the validity conditions for consent. User consent is sufficiently impoverished that it does not guarantee legitimacy but is not so impoverished as to be ‘meaningless’; it can legitimate data practices that are independently reasonable but not those that are exploitative. Since many valuable data practices must be consented to if they are to be legitimate (or so I argue), our privacy legislation should continue emphasizing the importance of user consent, even if auxiliary protections are also desirable.
Shame as a moral mood in medicine
Authors: Bromley Elizabeth 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackground & Aims: The emotional underpinnings that facilitate and complicate the practice of ethical principles like respect warrant sustained interdisciplinary attention. In this article, I suggest that shame is a requisite component of the emotional repertoire than makes respect for persons possible. Materials & Methods: I use person‐centered interview data from a sample of 54 physicians (including 35 surgeons), 60% of whom are women, to examine the emergence and endurance of shame as a mood with moral significance. Drawing on anthropologist Throop's concept of a moral mood, I explore physicians’ first‐person narratives of the endurance of shame experiences. Results: Narratives demonstrate that shame inheres in biomedical contexts that reinforce the physician's responsibilization and culpability for events beyond their control. As a persistent cognitive and affective state, mooded shame is a recursive and compulsory motive force for a physician's dynamic evolution as a moral actor. Discussion: Variably distressing, looming and commonplace, mooded shame becomes an atmospheric and imaginative mode through which physicians contemplate their responsibilities and connections to patients. Sometimes in a hypercognized manner that conceals its emotional roots, physicians link the mood of shame to their incessant efforts to fulfill responsibilities to each unique patient. Conclusion: I suggest that through reflection made possible within mooded shame, physicians develop a sense of being both accountable to and alongside patients, and I explore the ties between this position and philosophical concepts of respect.
Interventions to improve immigrant women's mental health: A systematic review
Authors: Luo Yunjie , Ebina Yasuhiko , Kagamiyama Hiromi , Sato Yoko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAimsTo identify the effectiveness of interventions for improving immigrant women's mental health and explore the role of these interventions in nursing practice.BackgroundImmigrant women rearing children and living in a foreign country experience many mental health problems during pregnancy, child‐rearing, and acculturation. Mental health problems can be controlled or modified through effective practices. Few studies have examined the role of different types of interventions in alleviating these mental health issues in immigrant women in the perinatal period, and it is unclear whether such interventions are effective.MethodsThis systematic review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis checklist. Studies form December 1948–August 2021 were retrieved from four databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. This systematic review's protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020210845). The data were summarised using narrative analysis.ResultsEight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analyses. There were few mental health improvement interventions for immigrant women. The interventions included home visit programmes, asset‐building mental health interventions, cognitive‐behavioural interventions, nursing interventions, perinatal education interventions, and mindfulness interventions. Home visit programmes and asset‐building mental health interventions have reported positive outcomes in improving depressive symptoms and mental health.ConclusionsThere are few interventions for improving immigrant women's mental health. Most existing interventions are conducted through group education, but there are no explicit significant effects. Home visits may be an effective approach for conducting interventions to improve immigrant women's mental health. An effective nursing intervention should be developed, and more research is needed in improving immigrant women's mental health.Relevance to clinical practiceThis review provides evidence for nurses and midwives to practice appropriate and effective approaches and strategies for improving immigrant women's mental health. We suggest possible future interventions for this cohort of immigrant women in the perinatal period.