bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources, toxicity potential, and human health risk assessment of heavy metals-laden soil and dust of urban and suburban areas as affected by industrial and mining activities
Authors: Al-Swadi Hamed A. , Usman Adel R. A. , Al-Farraj Abdullah S. , Al-Wabel Mohammad I. , Ahmad Munir , Al-Faraj Abdulelah 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSources and levels of heavy metals (HMs) in soil and dust of urban and suburban areas in Riyadh (industrial city) and Mahad AD’Dahab (mining area) cities in Saudi Arabia were reported in this study. Additionally, the concentrations of HMs in different soil particle size fractions (> 250, 63–250 and < 63 µm) were reported. Pollution extent, and ecological and human health risks associated with collected soil and dust samples were explored. Contamination levels of HMs were higher in dust as compared to soil samples at all sites. The average integrated potential ecological risk in dust samples of urban area of Mahad AD’Dahab was 139, and thus characterized as a very-high-risk criterion. Enrichment factor (EF), correlation analyses, and principal component analysis showed that aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), and zinc (Zn) had mainly the lithogenic occurrence (EF < 2). However, Zn, copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) in Riyadh, and cadmium (Cd), Cu, Zn, and Pb in the Mahad AD’Dahab were affected by industrial and mining activities, respectively, that were of anthropogenic origins (EF > 2). The hazard index values of dust and soil (< 63 µm) samples in both urban and suburban areas in Mahad AD’Dahab were > 1, suggesting non-carcinogenic risk. Therefore, the dust and soil samples from the mined area of Mahad AD’Dahab had a higher pollution levels, as well as ecological and human health risks than those from Riyadh. Hence, the pollution of such residential environments with HMs (especially Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb) needs to be monitored.
Multivariate statistical approach and machine learning for the evaluation of biogeographical ancestry inference in the forensic field
Authors: Alladio Eugenio , Poggiali Brando , Cosenza Giulia , Pilli Elena 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe biogeographical ancestry (BGA) of a trace or a person/skeleton refers to the component of ethnicity, constituted of biological and cultural elements, that is biologically determined. Nowadays, many individuals are interested in exploring their genealogy, and the capability to distinguish biogeographic information about population groups and subgroups via DNA analysis plays an essential role in several fields such as in forensics. In fact, for investigative and intelligence purposes, it is beneficial to inference the biogeographical origins of perpetrators of crimes or victims of unsolved cold cases when no reference profile from perpetrators or database hits for comparative purposes are available. Current approaches for biogeographical ancestry estimation using SNPs data are usually based on PCA and Structure software. The present study provides an alternative method that involves multivariate data analysis and machine learning strategies to evaluate BGA discriminating power of unknown samples using different commercial panels. Starting from 1000 Genomes project, Simons Genome Diversity Project and Human Genome Diversity Project datasets involving African, American, Asian, European and Oceania individuals, and moving towards further and more geographically restricted populations, powerful multivariate techniques such as Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and machine learning techniques such as XGBoost were employed, and their discriminating power was compared. PLS-DA method provided more robust classifications than XGBoost method, showing that the adopted approach might be an interesting tool for forensic experts to infer BGA information from the DNA profile of unknown individuals, but also highlighting that the commercial forensic panels could be inadequate to discriminate populations at intra-continental level.
Controlled nano-agglomerates as stabile SERS reporters for unequivocal labelling
Authors: Xiao Can , Mir-Simón Bernat , Rivera-Gil Pilar 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBiosensors, especially those with a SERS readout, are required for an early and precise healthcare diagnosis. Unreproducible SERS platforms hamper clinical SERS. Here we report a synthetic procedure to obtain stabile, reproducible and robust highly-SERS performing nanocomposites for labelling. We controlled the NPs agglomeration and codification which resulted in an increased number of hot spots, thus exhibiting reproducible and superior Raman enhancement. We studied fundamental aspects affecting the plasmonic thiol bond resulting in pH exhibiting a determining role. We validated their biosensing performance by designing a SERS-based detection assay model for SARS-CoV-2. The limit of detection of our assay detecting the spike RBD was below 10 ng/mL.
AXL/CDCP1/SRC axis confers acquired resistance to osimertinib in lung cancer
Authors: Murakami Yuichi , Kusakabe Daiki , Watari Kosuke , Kawahara Akihiko , Azuma Koichi , Akiba Jun , Taniguchi Masahiko , Kuwano Michihiko , Ono Mayumi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOsimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI, has nowadays been applied to non-small cell lung cancer harboring activated EGFR mutation with or without T790M, but ultimately develop resistance to this drug. Here we report a novel mechanism of acquired resistance to osimertinib and the reversal of which could improve the clinical outcomes. In osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cell lines harboring T790M mutation that we established, expression of multiple EGFR family proteins and MET was markedly reduced, whereas expression of AXL, CDCP1 and SRC was augmented along with activation of AKT. Surprisingly, AXL or CDCP1 expression was induced by osimertinib in a time-dependent manner up to 3 months. Silencing of CDCP1 or AXL restored the sensitivity to osimertinib with reduced activation of SRC and AKT. Furthermore, silencing of both CDCP1 and AXL increased the sensitivity to osimertinib. Either silencing of SRC or dasatinib, a SRC family kinase (SFK) inhibitor, suppressed AKT phosphorylation and cell growth. Increased expression of AXL and CDCP1 was observed in refractory tumor samples from patients with lung cancer treated with osimertinib. Together, this study suggests that AXL/SFK/AKT and CDCP1/SFK/AKT signaling pathways play some roles in acquired osimertinib resistance of non-small cell lung cancer.
Estimating short and longer-term exposure of domestic cats to dietary iodine fluctuation
Authors: Alborough R. , Graham P. A. , Gardner D. S. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHyperthyroidism is a common endocrinopathy of domestic felines. In humans, toxic nodular goitre is pathophysiologically similar to feline hyperthyroidism and can be caused by chronically low or fluctuating dietary iodine intake. The aetiopathogenesis of feline hyperthyroidism is not known, but chronically low or fluctuating dietary iodine intake is likely common. This study assessed habitual iodine intake in domestic cats by: (1) conducting a dietary survey involving 361 owners of 549 cats, (2) analysing iodine content of 119 cat feeds, 38 urine and 64 hair samples and (3) assessing variation in iodine content of eight cat feeds over 4–6 different batches. Owners varied their cats feed regularly, usually on a day-to-day basis and often between wet and dry feeds with differing flavours. The majority (78%; 93 of 119) feeds for cats were within the guideline range for iodine. Of the 22% (n = 26 feeds) that were not compliant, the majority (n = 23) were below the nutritional minimum value with most (n = 16) being dry kibble. Iodine content of feeds did not vary considerably between types of feed or feed packaging, but variation between different batches of the same feed was 14–31%. Hence, urine iodine in cats also varied markedly. Cats being treated for hyperthyroidism had lower hair iodine. In conclusion, a survey assessing how domestic cats are fed, together with an analysis of commercial cat feeds suggests that domestic cats are likely to experience chronically low or fluctuating dietary iodine intake. The latter is supported by wide variation in urine iodine content.
ALNN‐based LOS/NLOS identification in 3D millimetre wave channel
Authors: Lv Siting , Li Xiaohui , Fan Tao , Liu Jiawen 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLine‐of‐sight (LOS)/non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) identification is crucial for millimetre‐wave (mmW) since it is vulnerable to blocking in the NLOS environment. In this paper, an LOS/NLOS environment identification method is proposed based on angle information learning. Specifically, a neural network named ALNN (angle information learning neural network) is employed, which can learn the difference between the various angle paraments to identify the LOS and NLOS environments for mmW wireless communication systems. First, the 3D mmW channel model is applied to extract the desired angle information. Moreover, an mmW wireless transmission system is constructed to introduce actual measurement data to test the proposed method. Furthermore, various hyperparameters of the ALNN are adjusted to improve identification accuracy. Simulation results show that the proposed method has outstanding identification performance, and the identification accuracy is up to 99.41%.
Stabilisation in distribution by delay feedback control for stochastic differential equations with Markovian switching and Lévy noise
Authors: Li Wenrui , Deng Shounian , Fei Weiyin , Mao Xuerong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the stability in distribution of stochastic differential equations with Markovian switching and Lévy noise by delay feedback control. By constructing efficient Lyapunov functional and linear delay feedback controls, the stability in distribution of stochastic differential equations with Markovian switching and Lévy noise is accomplished with the coefficients satisfying globally Lipschitz continuous. Moreover, the design methods of feedback control under two structures of state feedback and output injection are discussed. Finally, a numerical experiment and new algorithm are provided to sustain the new results.
A passive second‐order noise‐shaping SAR ADC architecture with increased freedom in NTF synthesis and relaxed clock‐jitter issue
Authors: Wang Weihao , Wang Xiao , Zhao Bo , Pun Kong‐pang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNoise‐shaping (NS) successive approximation register (SAR) analogue‐to‐digital converters (ADCs) are an attractive architecture for power and area efficiency in moderate resolution and bandwidth applications. NS SAR ADCs employing a passive integrator are good candidates for their omission of power‐hungry and scaling‐unfriendly amplifiers. However, existing passive NS SAR ADCs have a very limited degree of freedom in realising their noise transfer function (NTF), resulting in poor in‐band noise suppression. In this letter, a passive switched‐capacitor 2nd‐order NS SAR ADC that is the first of its kind to offer controllable complex poles to optimise the NTF is proposed. This is achieved by eliminating a capacitor charge clearing operation in a conventional 1st‐order NS SAR. The proposed NS SAR ADC also offers simple circuits insensitive to process–voltage–temperature (PVT) variations, and small area with only two extra clock phases. Transistor‐level circuit simulation of a 7‐bit, 8‐MHz bandwidth, 128 MS/s prototype in a 65‐nm CMOS shows a 70 dB signal to noise and distortion ratio (SNDR), an improvement of 19 dB compared to that of a regular 7‐bit SAR ADC.
A compact high‐sensitivity tangential E‐probe with resonator and coupled balun
Authors: Zhang Shang , Liu Zhenguo , Chen Zhipeng , Li Mengzi , Lu Weibing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA compact high‐sensitivity probe for sensing up tangential E‐field is proposed and measured in this paper. The probe consists of an electric dipole with patches used to induce the tangential E‐field, a resonator made up of open circuit stubs (capacitor) and short circuit stubs (inductor), for achieving a specific resonance, and a compact coupled balun for transforming the differential‐mode voltage into the single‐output voltage and impedance matching. The probe is fabricated on five‐layer dielectric lamina. Compared with the referenced broadband probe, the measured |S12| of the probe is enhanced by 18.81 dB. The proposed probe in this paper is validated with simulation and measurement.
A mobile traffic load prediction based on recurrent neural network: A case of telecommunication in Afghanistan
Authors: Ahmadzai Fazel Haq , Lee Woongsup 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis paper investigates the prediction of mobile traffic load based on four variants of recurrent neural networks, which are the simple long short‐term memory (LSTM), stacked LSTM, gated recurrent unit (GRU) and bidirectional LSTM. In the considered schemes, the mobile traffic load of 15 min ahead of time is estimated based on the previous mobile traffic load data. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified using realistic traffic load data collected from the base station located in Kabul city, Afghanistan, which belongs to the SALAAM telecommunication operator during December 2020 and January 2021. Through performance evaluation, the authors confirm that the traffic load can be predicted with high accuracy using considered schemes and the GRU‐based scheme outperforms other schemes in terms of accuracy.
Fault diagnosis of oil‐immersed transformers based on the improved sparrow search algorithm optimised support vector machine
Authors: Ding Can , Ding Qingchang , Wang Zhenyi , Zhou Yiyuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOil‐immersed transformers play an important role in the stable operation of power systems. Aiming at the low accuracy of traditional transformer fault diagnosis methods, a transformer fault diagnosis method using an improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) optimised support vector machine (SVM) is proposed. First, use Sin chaotic to initialise the population, then introduce the fusion of Cauchy mutation and opposition‐based learning to optimise the selection of the population to improve the SSA global optimisation capability. Secondly, use the improved Sparrow algorithm to optimise the SVM kernel function parameters and penalty coefficients and establish a fault diagnosis model‐‐ISSA‐SVM for dissolved gas analysis. Enter the data into ISSA‐SVM for fault diagnosis and combine it with K nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithm, gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), sparrow search optimised deep extreme learning machine (SSA‐DELM), SVM, sparrow search algorithm optimised Support vector machine (SSA‐SVM), and other diagnostic results are compared. The results show that the fault diagnosis rate of ISSA‐SVM is 91.43%, which is 12.86%, 7.14%, 5.71%, 2.86%, and 1.43% higher than that of KNN, GBDT, SSA‐DELM, SVM, and SSA‐SVM, respectively. It can more accurately judge the current operating state of the transformer.
Hospital surface disinfection using ultraviolet germicidal irradiation technology: A review
Authors: Scott Robert , Joshi Lovleen Tina , McGinn Conor 
Published: May 2022

AbstractUltraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) technologies have emerged as a promising alternative to biocides as a means of surface disinfection in hospitals and other healthcare settings. This paper reviews the methods used by researchers and clinicians in deploying and evaluating the efficacy of UVGI technology. The type of UVGI technology used, the clinical setting where the device was deployed, and the methods of environmental testing that the researchers followed are investigated. The findings suggest that clinical UVGI deployments have been growing steadily since 2010 and have increased dramatically since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Hardware platforms and operating procedures vary considerably between studies. Most studies measure efficacy of the technology based on the objective measurement of bacterial bioburden reduction; however, studies conducted over longer durations have examined the impact of UVGI on the reduction of healthcare associated infections (HCAIs). Future trends include increased automation and the use of UVGI technologies that are safer for use around people. Although existing evidence seems to support the efficacy of UVGI as a tool capable of reducing HCAIs, more research is needed to measure the magnitude of these effects and to establish recommended best practices.
1.2‐kV silicon carbide planar split‐gate MOSFET with source field plate for superior figure‐of‐merits
Authors: Yu Hengyu , Wang Jun , Liang Shiwei , Deng Gaoqiang , Liu Hangzhi , Ji Bing , Shen Z. John 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPlanar split‐gate MOSFETs (SG‐MOSFETs) are promising in high‐frequency power applications due to the fast turn on/off speeds and low switching loss. However, SG‐MOSFETs suffer from crowded electric field at the edge of the split poly‐Si gate, resulting in the degradation of the blocking voltage and the gate oxide reliability. This issue becomes more critical in 4H‐SiC MOSFETs due to the high critical breakdown electric field. In this work, a new 1.2‐kV 4H‐SiC SG‐MOSFET structure is proposed and investigated by TCAD simulation. The proposed structure features a source metal field plate located between two adjacent split poly‐Si gates (termed SFP‐SG‐MOSFET). In the blocking state, the source metal field plate reduces the peak electric field at the edge of the poly‐Si gate. The maximum electric field in the gate oxide of the proposed SFP‐SG‐MOSFET is reduced by 52.8% compared with the SG‐MOSFET, for reliable operation. The reverse transfer capacitance (Crss) and gate‐to‐drain charge (Qgd) are reduced by 56.4% and 61.8% compared with SG‐MOSFETs, respectively. Therefore, the high‐frequency figure‐of‐merits (HF‐FOM) [Ron × Crss] and [Ron × Qgd] are improved by 2.2 times and 2.5 times, respectively.
Dual‐blockchain‐based P2P energy trading system with an improved optimistic rollup mechanism
Authors: Yu Teng , Luo Fengji , Pu Canglong , Zhao Zehua , Ranzi Gianluca 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBlockchain technology has been recognised as a promising technology for supporting Peer‐to‐Peer (P2P) energy trading—an emerging paradigm in which energy trading is performed directly between end energy customers. The state‐of‐the‐art blockchain designs for P2P energy trading can only support less compute‐intensive energy trading tasks and/or rely on the set up of a long challenge time to ensure correctness of transactions, which restricts the systems' scalability and applicability in the diverse P2P energy trading applications. This paper proposes a new dual‐blockchain system for P2P energy trading. The system consists of a primary blockchain and a secondary blockchain. The primary blockchain is mainly responsible for storing the data of P2P energy trading transactions while the compute‐intensive tasks (e.g. pricing and transaction verification) are executed in the secondary blockchain. An Improved Optimistic Rollup (IOR) mechanism is proposed to facilitate the co‐operation of the dual blockchains. Through a specific ‘executor‐validator’ mechanism and a group of specific smart contracts with different functions, the IOR mechanism can effectively accommodate the dual blockchains to execute the P2P energy trading transactions in a computational efficient manner while ensuring the correctness and security of the transactions. A prototype of the proposed system is implemented on Fisco Bcos and Alibaba Cloud and comprehensive simulations are conducted to validate the proposed system.
Post-operative Corona Radiata Infarct in a High-flow EC-IC Bypass: Report of Unusual Complication
Authors: Chowdhury Forhad H. , Haque Mohammod Raziul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLong insular artery (LIA) infarct can occur after insular glioma surgery. LIA infarct after extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass is very rare, and so far, it is not reported in EC-IC bypass. Here, we report a case of high-flow EC-IC bypass, where postoperatively, the patient developed isolated LIA infarct. A 65-year-old female presented with recurrent severe headache along with altered sensorium. Computed tomography (CT) scan and CT angiography (CTA) of the brain showed ruptured large left internal carotid artery (ICA) fusiform aneurysm. She underwent left-sided, high-flow EC-IC bypass involving upper trunk of left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and ICA ligation at neck at its origin. Postoperatively, the patient developed right sided hemiplegia. Postoperative MRI of the brain showed left-sided external capsular infarct, extending up to the corona radiata resulted from LIA infarct. By the end of 6 months after operation, she could walk with support but her left upper limb remained more severely affected and magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) showed almost disappearance of aneurysm with functioning bypass.
Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury Incidence
Authors: Djordjevic Anze , Susak Stamenko , Kotnik Petra , Gorenjak Mario , Knez Zeljko , Antonic Miha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectives Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with higher perioperative mortality and morbidity. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a cause of postoperative AKI. Ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation was suggested as a novel and promising antioxidant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of AA to reduce the incidence of postoperative AKI in cardiac surgery patients.Methods A prospective randomized trial was conducted in patients scheduled for on-pump cardiac surgery. Subjects in the AA group received 2 g of AA intravenously during the induction of anesthesia, 2 g before aortic cross-clamp removal and 1 g every 8 hours for five postoperative days (the JERICA protocol). Postoperatively, the patients were monitored for AKI and other complications. Malondialdehyde levels were monitored in a subpopulation of 100 patients to evaluate the effect of AA on oxidative stress level.Results The AA and control group consisted of 163 and 169 patients, respectively. The groups were well matched for baseline demographics and had similar intraoperative characteristics. The incidence of AKI in the AA and control group was 20.9 and 28.4%, respectively (p = 0.127). The estimated glomerular filtration rate did not differ between the study groups in the entire postoperative period. There was a trend toward higher malondialdehyde values with statistical significance on postoperative day 1 and lower in-hospital mortality in the AA group (0.6 vs. 4.1%, p = 0.067).Conclusion Our results do not support the effectiveness of AA supplementation in reducing the incidence of postoperative AKI in on-pump cardiac surgery patients.Clinical Registration Number This study was registered with the ISRCTN Registry under the trial registration number ISRCTN98572043.