bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PCSK9 Monoclonal Antibodies: New Developments and Their Relevance in a Nucleic Acid–Based Therapy Era
Authors: Gouni-Berthold Ioanna , Schwarz Jonas , Berthold Heiner K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Purpose of Review
To report on recent data about PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies and to evaluate their relevance in a nucleic acid–based therapy era for lipid lowering and prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Recent Findings
New methods of PCSK9 inhibition based on nucleic acid therapeutics such as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, and CRISPR tools for therapeutic gene editing are reported, and interesting new data regarding the clinical relevance of PCSK9 antibodies are discussed.

Summary
Promising methods of PCSK9 inhibition are in development, and one of them, the siRNA inclisiran targeting PCSK9, has already been approved for clinical use. However, PCSK9-mAb remains the PCSK9-inhibiting tool with the longest safety data and the only one having positive cardiovascular outcome trials. An ongoing cardiovascular outcome trial with inclisiran is planned to be completed in 2026. Other forms of PCSK9 inhibition, such as antisense oligonucleotides targeting PCSK9 and CRISPR base editing of PCSK9, are still in early phases of development, and their potential clinical relevance remains to be established.
Stille Reserve in Deutschland: Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zweier Konzepte
Authors: Rengers Martina , Fuchs Johann 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Stille Reserve ist eine bedeutende Größe in der Arbeitsmarktberichterstattung, die sich nicht unmittelbar beobachten lässt. Es existieren unterschiedliche Konzepte bezüglich Definition, Datengewinnung und Blickwinkel auf den Arbeitsmarkt, mit denen eine Stille Reserve ermittelt wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag vergleicht die Schätzung der Stillen Reserve beim Statistischen Bundesamt (StBA) mit der beim Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB).Das Statistische Bundesamt schätzt sie aus einer mikroökonomischen Perspektive heraus und schließt aus Angaben von Befragten des Mikrozensus beziehungsweise der darin integrierten Arbeitskräfteerhebung auf die Zugehörigkeit zur Stillen Reserve. Zur Anwendung kommt dabei das Labour-Force-Konzept der Internationalen Arbeitsorganisation. Danach gehören zur Stillen Reserve zum einen Personen, die aktiv eine Arbeit suchen, für eine solche aber kurzfristig nicht zur Verfügung stehen und zum anderen Personen, die aktuell keine Arbeit suchen, aber grundsätzlich gerne arbeiten würden und dafür auch verfügbar sind.Das Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung schätzt die Stille Reserve aus einer makroökonomischen Perspektive unmittelbar aufgrund der jeweiligen Arbeitsmarktlage. In einem regressionsanalytischen Modell wird zuerst die Abhängigkeit einer langen Zeitreihe der Erwerbsquoten von der Arbeitsmarktlage geschätzt. Dabei ist die Datengrundlage der Erwerbsquoten zum einen der Mikrozensus, während die Lage des Arbeitsmarktes unter anderem über Quoten von registrierten Arbeitslosen der Bundesagentur für Arbeit abgebildet wird. Darüber hinaus wird ein sogenannter „Vollbeschäftigungswert“ für diese Arbeitslosenquoten ermittelt und die Stille Reserve als Folge der Anspannung am Arbeitsmarkt interpretiert, das heißt, je mehr die Vollbeschäftigungsarbeitslosigkeit vom tatsächlichen Wert abweicht, umso höher ist die Stille Reserve.Hinsichtlich der Ergebnisse zur Stillen Reserve war die vom Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung geschätzte Stille Reserve in früheren Jahren immer etwas umfangreicher als die des Statistischen Bundesamtes. Die Differenzen sanken jedoch, bis schließlich für 2019 beide Ergebnisse mit jeweils knapp 900.000 Personen nahezu gleichauf lagen.
The longitudinal association between Perceived Stress, PTSD Symptoms, and Post-Traumatic Growth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: the role of coping strategies and psychological inflexibility
Authors: Bruno Francesco , Vozzo Francesca , Arcuri Domenico , Maressa Raffaella , La Cava Elisabetta , Malvaso Antonio , Lau Chloe , Chiesi Francesca 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The present study investigates the mediating roles of psychological inflexibility and differential coping strategies on perceived stress and post-traumatic symptoms and growth in the context of COVID-19. Study one recruited 662 participants (54.8% women; Mage = 40.64 years, SD = 13.04) who completed a cross-sectional questionnaire. It was proposed that orientation to the problem, avoidance strategies, psychological inflexibility, and positive attitude were mediators for the positive association between perceived stress and PTSD symptoms. The fit indices for the path model were excellent: CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.950, RMSEA = 0.057 [90%CI = 0.043–0.081], and SRMS = 0.042. Gender and stressful events encountered had indirect effects on the endogenous variables. In study two, 128 participants (57.8% women; Mage = 42.30, SD = 12.08) were assessed for post-traumatic growth one year later. Psychological inflexibility and orientation acted as mediators between perceived stress and PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, a novel path model was constructed in which psychological inflexibility and orientation to the problem as mediators for perceived stress and PTSD symptoms. The indices for the path model were excellent: CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.055 [90%CI = 0.001–0.144], and SRMS = 0.49. Furthermore, PTSD symptoms, psychological inflexibility, and orientation to the problem predicted post-traumatic growth. Specifically, both orientation to the problem (β = .06 [90%CI: .01;.13]) and psychological inflexibility (β = .14 [90%CI: .08;.26]) had an indirect effect on post-traumatic growth. Overall, these results significantly contribute to the literature as orientation to the problem positively predicted PTSD symptoms and post-traumatic growth one year later while psychological inflexibility predicted PTSD symptoms and less post-traumatic growth one year later. These results underline the importance of assessing both symptomology and psychological growth to determine adaptive coping strategies in specific contexts.
Biomediated nanosized ZnS using Ulva fasciata and Citrus japonica: A new bio-photocatalyst for textile wastewater treatment
Authors: El Nady Asmaa , Abbas Rateb N. , Sorour Noha M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe aquatic ecosystems face excessive stress and depletion due to many pollutants impacting water quality. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using the green route represents a cost-effectively and eco-friendly approach, with significant applicability in various fields. In this regard, ZnS-NPs with improved photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities were biosynthesized for the first time fromUlva fasciataandCitrus japonicaaqueous extracts. Biosynthesized ZnS-NPs were characterized and compared with chemically synthesized ones using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM, XRD, and EDAX. TEM micrographs and XRD confirmed the formation of polygonal and spherical-shaped ZnS blend sphalerite nanocrystals with an average diameter between 7 and 31 nm. The optical properties of the produced ZnS-NPs showed higher band-gap energy of 5.63 eV and 4.76 eV for chemically and biosynthesized ZnS-NPs, respectively, as compared to ZnS macromolecules (3.77 eV). Biosynthesized ZnS-NPs showed excellent photocatalytic activity toward textile wastewater and two organic dyes (crystal violet and safranin), with significant degradation efficiency of 82–96.8, 82.5–98.12, and 84–95.9%, respectively. Biosynthesized ZnS-NPs showed high stability up to three subsequent cycles of photodegradation and exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria andCandida albicans.Biosynthesized ZnS-NPs have a less cytotoxic effect (IC50> 300 μg/mL) than chemically synthesized ZnS-NPs (IC5088 μg/mL) on human skin fibroblast normal cell lines. The photocatalytic efficiency of the biosynthesized ZnS-NPs has some advantages, such as non-toxic products, cost-effectiveness, and antimicrobial activity, which give them superiority to be used as a safe bio-photocatalyst for water treatment.Graphical abstract
Exosomes Derived from AT2R-Overexpressing BMSC Prevent Restenosis After Carotid Artery Injury by Attenuating the Injury-Induced Neointimal Hyperplasia
Authors: Zou Xinliang , Liao Yi , Liu Zhihui , Xu Xiang , Sun Weiwei , Qin Haoran , Wang Haidong , Liu Jianping , Jing Tao 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRestenosis is a severe complication after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty which limits the long-term efficacy of the intervention. In this study, we investigated the efficiency of exosomes derived from AT2R-overexpressing bone mesenchymal stem cells on the prevention of restenosis after carotid artery injury. Our data showed that AT2R-EXO promoted the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells and maintained the ratio of eNOS/iNOS. On the contrary, AT2R-EXO inhibited the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. In vivo study proved that AT2R-Exo were more effectively accumulated in the injured carotid artery than EXO and Vehicle-EXO controls. AT2R-EXO treatment could improve blood flow of the injured carotid artery site more effectively. Further analysis revealed that AT2REXO prevents restenosis after carotid artery injury by attenuating the injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia. Our study provides a novel and more efficient exosome for the treatment of restenosis diseases after intervention.
Behavioral Assessment of a Humanoid Robot When Attracting Pedestrians in a Mall
Authors: Okafuji Yuki , Ozaki Yasunori , Baba Jun , Nakanishi Junya , Ogawa Kohei , Yoshikawa Yuichiro , Ishiguro Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractResearch is currently being conducted on the use of robots as human labor support technology. In particular, the service industry needs to allocate more manpower, and it will be important for robots to support people. This study focuses on using a humanoid robot as a social service robot to convey information in a shopping mall, and the types of robot behaviors were analyzed. In order to convey the information, two processes must occur. Pedestrians must stop in front of the robot, and the robot must continue the engagement with them. For the purpose of this study, three types of autonomous robot behaviors were analyzed and compared in these processes in the experiment: greeting, in-trouble, dancing behaviors. After interactions were attempted with 5,000+ pedestrians, this study revealed that the in-trouble behavior can make pedestrians stop more and stay longer. In addition, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the robot in a real environment, the comparative results between three robot behaviors and human advertisers revealed that (1) the results of the greeting and dancing behavior are comparable to those of the humans, and (2) the performance of the in-trouble behavior in providing information tasks is higher than that of all human advertisers. These findings demonstrate that the performance of robots is comparable to that of humans in providing information tasks in a limited environment; therefore, it is expected that service robots as a labor support technology will be able to perform well in the real world.
Amorphous Phase Formation and Heat Treating Evolution in Mechanically Alloyed Ti–Cu Alloy for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Urban P. , Astacio R. , Ternero F. , Náhlík L. , Cintas J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe present work aims to produce TixCu100-x (x = 90, 80, 70, and 60) amorphous alloys by using high energy ball mill. The microstructure and possible formation of amorphous phases were characterized employing laser granulometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The amorphous-crystalline transformation at high temperatures was studied according to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and XRD. The Ti80Cu20 alloys were obtained in an amorphous state after 30 h of mechanical alloying, and the amorphous phase is stable up to 340 °C. At higher temperatures, this alloy crystallizes, forming the intermetallic compound Ti2Cu, and a substitutional solid solution Ti(Cu).
Relaparoscopy in the management of post-operative complications after minimally invasive gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Elmore Ugo , Milone Marco , Parise Paolo , Velotti Nunzio , Cossu Andrea , Puccetti Francesco , Barbieri Lavinia , Vertaldi Sara , Milone Francesco , De Palma Giovanni Domenico , Rosati Riccardo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLaparoscopy has already been validated for treatment of early gastric cancer. Despite that, no data have been published about the possibility of a minimally invasive approach to surgical complications after primary laparoscopic surgery. In this multicentre study, we describe our experience in the management of complications following laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. A chart review has been performed over data from 781 patients who underwent elective gastrectomy for gastric cancer between January 1996 and July 2020 in two high referral department of gastric surgery. A fully descriptive analysis was performed, considering all the demographic characteristics of patients, the type of primary procedure and the type of complication which required reoperation. Moreover, a logistic regression was designed to investigate if either the patients or the primary surgery characteristics could affect conversion rate during relaparoscopy. Fifty-one patients underwent reintervention after elective laparoscopic gastric surgery. Among patients who received a laparoscopic reintervention, 11 patients (34.3%) required a conversion to open surgery. Recovery outcomes were significantly better in patients who completed the reoperation through laparoscopy. Relaparoscopy is safe and effective for management of complications following laparoscopic gastric surgery and represent a useful tool both for re-exploration and treatment, in expert and skilled hands.
Cold alkaline extraction of Elephant grass for optimal subsequent extraction of hemicelluloses and energy production
Authors: García J. C. , Alfaro A. , Loaiza J. M. , Lozano-Calvo S. , López F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThere is growing scientific and industrial interest in obtaining useful substances by fractionating lignocellulosic biomass from non-food plant crops for use by the bioenergy industry. The primary goals are to ensure process sustainability and to comply with the principles of circular economy. In this work, we optimized energy production from Elephant grass by previously using cold alkaline extraction to remove its hemicellulose fraction. Elephant grass contains a high proportion of lignin (20%) and hemicelluloses (27.4%), and therefore is an excellent alternative to wood materials for energy production by direct burning. Energy production was optimized to identify the best operating conditions among those tested, namely: alkali concentrations of 80–120 g NaOH L–1, temperatures of 20–40 °C, and treatment times of 30–90 min. Using the optimum conditions thus established (viz., 100 g NaOH L–1, 30 °C, and 30 min) raised the high heating value (HHV) to 19.151 MJ kg–1 (i.e., by 4% relative to the starting material). Also, it allowed the content in elemental C to be preserved, that in H increased by 4.86% and, more environmentally significant, most sulphur (46.9%) to be removed from the solid phase upon treatment. Cold alkaline extraction of the raw material additionally enabled relatively selective separation of the hemicellulose fraction from the cellulose and lignin fractions. Thus, 30.1% of all hemicellulose was dissolved in the treatment liquor and made valorizable while 93.0% of cellulose and 82.1% of lignin present in the raw material remained in the solid phase.
Challenges and opportunities of process modelling renewable advanced fuels
Authors: Testa Lorenzo , Chiaramonti David , Prussi Matteo , Bensaid Samir 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Paris COP21 held on December 2015 represented a step forward global GHG emission reduction: this led to intensify research efforts in renewables, including biofuels and bioliquids. However, addressing sustainable biofuels and bioliquid routes and value chains which can limit or reverse the ILUC (indirect land-use change effect) is of paramount importance. Given this background condition, the present study targets the analysis and modelling a new integrated biomass conversion pathway to produce renewable advanced fuels, enabling the issue of indirect land-use change (ILUC) of biofuels to be tackled. The bioenergy chain under investigation integrates the decentralized production of biogas through anaerobic digestion and its upgrading to biomethane, followed by a centralized conversion to liquid transport fuels, involving methane reforming into syngas, Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis, and methanol synthesis. The methodology adopted in this work stem from extensive literature review of suitable bio/thermo-chemical conversion technologies and their process modelling using a commercial flow-diagram simulation software is carried out. The major significance of the study is to understand the different modelling approaches, to allow the estimation of process yields and mass/energy balances: in such a way, this work aims at providing guidance to process modellers targeting qualitative and quantitative assessments of biomass to biofuels process routes. Beyond FT products, additional process pathways have been also explored, such as MeOH synthesis from captured CO2 and direct methane to methanol synthesis (DMTM). The analysis demonstrated that it is possible to model such innovative integrated processes through the selected simulation tool. However, research is still needed as regards the DMTM process, where studies about modelling this route through the same tool have not been yet identified in the literature.
Diabetic retinopathy: long-term follow-up of Ecuadorian patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care
Authors: Barrera-Guarderas F. , Flor A. P. , Coba-Loor S. , Chacón-Andrade K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence, associated factors, and time for diabetic retinopathy (DR) development in Ecuadorian patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) followed for 10 years.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study between 2007 and 2017 included 487 patients with DM2 who had at least one dilated fundus eye examination in Diabetes Center in a primary-health-care level followed up for ten years. Data was collected from clinical records. Sociodemographic and laboratory variables were analysed, determining their association (mean difference and bivariate logistic regression) with DR. Survival time was calculated through life tables and Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results
The prevalence of DR was 19.95% during the 10-year follow-up period. The median time for developing DR was 28.53 (95% CI: 26.89–27.05), showing that 50% of patients have the risk (HR: 4.57) to develop DR in the third decade of DM disease diagnosis. The significant risk factors for progression of DR were duration of DM2, high glycosylated hemoglobin level > 7% (HbA1c Expβ: 1.709, 95% CI: 1.00–2.89), systemic hypertension (HNT Expβ: 2.348 Expβ: 2.348 95% CI: 1.17–4.70%) 95% CI: 1.17–4.70%), low glomerular filtration rate (Expβ: 1.805, GFR, < 60 ml/min/sc1.73) (95% CI: 1.10–2.94) and albuminuria (Expβ: 2.48 Expβ: 2.48 95% CI: 1.49–4.13).

Conclusions
Half of the patients with DM2 treated in a primary level of care will develop DR in the third decade of the disease. There are risk factors related to development of DR, such as low GFR, high HbA1c, albuminuria and HTN. Low GFR, high HbA1c, albuminuria and high blood pressure are related with the presence of retinopathy in diabetes patients.
RegTech in public and private sectors: the nexus between data, technology and regulation
Authors: Grassi Laura , Lanfranchi Davide 
Published: July 2022

AbstractHigher regulatory compliance requirements, fast and continuous changes in regulations and high digital dynamics in the financial markets are powering RegTech (regulatory technology), defined as technology‐enabled innovation applied to the world of regulation, compliance, risk management, reporting and supervision. This work builds on a systematic literature review and a bibliometric analysis of the literature on RegTech, its influential papers and authors, its main areas of research, its past and its future. The resulting multi-dimensional framework bridges across four main dimensions, starting with regulation and technology, where one or more regulations, not necessarily financial ones, are addressed with the support of technologies (e.g. artificial intelligence, DLT, blockchain, smart contracts, API). Data play a central role, as sharing them enables data ecosystems, where additional value can be attained by each market participant, while data automation and machine-readable regulations empower regulators to pull data directly from the banks’ systems and combine these data with data obtained directly from customers or other external sources. Several applications emerge, both for regulated entities, covering matters of compliance, monitoring, risk management, reporting and operations, as well as for authorities, which can leverage on RegTech (SupTech) solutions to make policies, to undertake their authorising, supervising and enforcement operations, for monitoring and controlling purposes, and even to issue fines automatically. As a consequence, stakeholders can reap a series of benefits, such as higher efficiency and effectiveness, accuracy, transparency and lower compliance costs but also risks, such as cyber risk, algorithmic biases, and dehumanization.
Multifunctional SiC@SiO2 Nanofiber Aerogel with Ultrabroadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Song Limeng , Zhang Fan , Chen Yongqiang , Guan Li , Zhu Yanqiu , Chen Mao , Wang Hailong , Putra Budi Riza , Zhang Rui , Fan Bingbing 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTraditional ceramic materials are generally brittle and not flexible with high production costs, which seriously hinders their practical applications. Multifunctional nanofiber ceramic aerogels are highly desirable for applications in extreme environments, however, the integration of multiple functions in their preparation is extremely challenging. To tackle these challenges, we fabricated a multifunctional SiC@SiO2 nanofiber aerogel (SiC@SiO2 NFA) with a three-dimensional (3D) porous cross-linked structure through a simple chemical vapor deposition method and subsequent heat-treatment process. The as-prepared SiC@SiO2 NFA exhibits an ultralow density (~ 11 mg cm− 3), ultra-elastic, fatigue-resistant and refractory performance, high temperature thermal stability, thermal insulation properties, and significant strain-dependent piezoresistive sensing behavior. Furthermore, the SiC@SiO2 NFA shows a superior electromagnetic wave absorption performance with a minimum refection loss (RLmin) value of − 50.36 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EABmax) of 8.6 GHz. The successful preparation of this multifunctional aerogel material provides a promising prospect for the design and fabrication of the cutting-edge ceramic materials.
Algebro-Geometric Solutions of the Sine-Gordon Hierarchy
Authors: Geng Xue , Guan Liang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOn the basis of two sets of Lenard recursion sequences and zero-curvature equation associated with a matrix spectral problem, we derive the entire sine-Gordon hierarchy, which is composed of all the positive and negative flows. Using the theory of hyperelliptic curves, the Abel-Jacobi coordinates are introduced, from which the corresponding positive and negative flows are linearized. The algebro-geometric solutions of the entire sine-Gordon hierarchy are constructed by using the asymptotic properties of the meromorphic function.