bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency characteristics for changes in amplitude and power factor of diode‐clamped linear amplifier unequally divided voltage power supply
Authors: Haruna Junnosuke , Matano Yusuke , Funato Hirohito 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA diode‐clamped linear amplifier (DCLA) is proposed to realize low electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by switching operations. A new concept of the DCLA, namely the higher efficiency unequally divided voltage power supply DCLA (DCLA‐UeDV), is proposed. In previous studies, the optimal voltage ratio was derived, and a 1.7% points improvement in efficiency was realized for a rated unity power factor load. However, it has not been examined whether the conversion efficiency can be improved, except during the rated operation. In this study, operation of the DCLA is analyzed for changes in the amplitude of the output voltage and load power factor. Then, the advantageous operating region of the DCLA‐UeDV against DCLA‐eDV is clarified.
Numerical investigation of field‐effect control on hybrid electrokinetics for continuous and position‐tunable nanoparticle concentration in microfluidics
Authors: Tao Ye , Liu Weiyu , Song Chunlei , Ge Zhenyou , Li Zhaokai , Li Yanbo , Ren Yukun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe introduce herein an effective way for continuous delivery and position‐switchable trapping of nanoparticles via field‐effect control on hybrid electrokinetics (HEK). Flow field‐effect transistor exploiting HEK delicately combines horizontal linear electroosmosis and transversal nonlinear electroosmosis of a shiftable flow stagnation line (FSL) on gate terminals under DC‐biased AC forcing. The microfluidic nanoparticle concentrator proposed herein makes use of a simple device geometry, in which an individual or a series of planar metal strips serving as gate electrode (GE) are subjected to a hybrid gate voltage signal and arranged in parallel between a pair of 3D driving electrodes. On the application of a DC‐biased AC electric field across channel length direction, all the GE are electrochemically polarized, and the action of imposed hybrid electric field on the multiple‐frequency bipolar counterions within the composite‐induced double layer generates two counter‐rotating induced‐charge electroosmotic (ICEO) micro‐vortices on top of each GE. Symmetry breaking in ICEO flow profile occurs once the gate voltage deviates from natural floating potential of corresponding GE. The gate voltage offset not only results in an additional pump motion of working fluid for enhanced electroosmotic transport but also directly changes the location of FSL where nanoparticles are preferentially collected by field‐effect HEK. Our results of field‐effect control on HEK are supposed to guide an elaborate design of flexible electrokinetic frameworks embedding coplanar metal strips for a high degree of freedom analyte manipulation in modern micro‐total‐analytical systems.
Modelling interactions between waves and diffused interfaces
Authors: Schmidmayer Kevin , Cazé Joris , Petitpas Fabien , Daniel Éric , Favrie Nicolas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWhen simulating multiphase compressible flows using the diffuse‐interface methods, the test cases presented in the literature to validate the modellings with regard to interface problems are always textbook cases: interfaces are sharp and the simulations therefore easily converge to the exact solutions. In real problems, it is rather different because the waves encounter moving interfaces which consequently have already undergone the effects of numerical diffusion. Numerical solutions resulting from the interactions of waves with diffused interfaces have never been precisely investigated and for good reasons, the results obtained are extremely dependent on the model used. Precisely, well‐posed models present similar and important issues when such an interaction occurs, coming from the appearance of a wave‐trapping phenomenon. To circumvent those issues, we propose to use a thermodynamically‐consistent pressure‐disequilibrium model with finite, instead of infinite, pressure‐relaxation rate to overcome the difficulties inherent in the computation of these interactions. Because the original method to solve this model only enables infinite relaxation, we propose a new numerical method allowing infinite as well as finite relaxation rates. Solutions of the new modeling are examined and compared to literature, in particular we propose the study of a shock on a water–air interface, but also for problems of helium–air and water–air shock tubes, spherical and nonspherical bubble collapses.
A semi‐implicit finite volume scheme for a simplified hydrostatic model for fluid‐structure interaction
Authors: Brutto Cristian , Dumbser Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSimulating fluid‐structure interaction problems usually requires a considerable computational effort. In this article, a novel semi‐implicit finite volume scheme is developed for the coupled solution of free surface shallow water flow and the movement of one or more floating rigid structures. The model is well‐suited for geophysical flows, as it is based on the hydrostatic pressure assumption and the shallow water equations. The coupling is achieved via a nonlinear volume function in the mass conservation equation that depends on the coordinates of the floating structures. Furthermore, the nonlinear volume function allows for the simultaneous existence of wet, dry and pressurized cells in the computational domain. The resulting mildly nonlinear pressure system is solved using a nested Newton method. The accuracy of the volume computation is improved by using a subgrid, and time accuracy is increased via the application of the theta method. Additionally, mass is always conserved to machine precision. At each time step, the volume function is updated in each cell according to the position of the floating objects, whose dynamics is computed by solving a set of ordinary differential equations for their six degrees of freedom. The simulated moving objects may for example represent ships, and the forces considered here are simply gravity and the hydrostatic pressure on the hull. For a set of test cases, the model has been applied and compared with available exact solutions to verify the correctness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The model is able to treat fluid‐structure interaction in the context of hydrostatic geophysical free surface flows in an efficient and flexible way, and the employed nested Newton method rapidly converges to a solution. The proposed algorithm may be useful for hydraulic engineering, such as for the simulation of ships moving in inland waterways and coastal regions.
An edge‐based interface‐tracking method for multiphase flows
Authors: Chirco Leonardo , Zaleski Stéphane 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe propose a novel class of edge‐based interface‐tracking (EBIT) methods in the field of multiphase flows for advecting the interface. The position of the interface is tracked by marker points located on the edges of the underlying grid, making the method flexible with respect to the choice of spatial discretization and suitable for parallel computation. In this article we present a simple EBIT method based on two‐dimensional Cartesian grids and on a linear interface representation.
Comparing healthcare quality: A common framework for both ordinal and cardinal data with an application to primary care variation in England
Authors: Allanson Paul , Cookson Richard 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe paper proposes a framework for comparing the quality of healthcare providers and assessing the variation in quality between them, which is directly applicable to both ordinal and cardinal quality data on a comparable basis. The resultant measures are sensitive to the full distribution of quality scores for each provider, not just the mean or the proportion meeting some binary quality threshold, thereby making full use of the multicategory response data increasingly available from patient experience surveys. The measures can also be standardized for factors such as age, sex, ethnicity, health and deprivation using a distribution regression model. We illustrate by measuring the quality of primary care services in England in 2019 using three different sources of publicly available, general practice‐level information: multicategory response patient experience data, ordinal inspection ratings and cardinal clinical achievement scores. We find considerable variation at both local and regional levels using all three data sources. However, the correlation between the comparative quality indices calculated using the alternative data sources is weak, suggesting that they capture different aspects of general practice quality.
A randomised experimental study comparing perceptions of two energy drink health warning labels
Authors: Caruso Joanna , Miller Caroline , Turnbull Deborah , Ettridge Kerry 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIssue addressedConsumption of energy drinks is a public health concern, particularly in adolescents and young adults. This study explored energy drink consumers' reactions to an energy drink‐specific warning label (risk of cardiac effects) and a more general sugary drink warning label (risk of obesity).MethodsAn online experimental study randomly allocated Australian energy drink consumers aged 18‐39 years (N = 435) to view one of two label conditions (cardiac effects or obesity). Participants were assessed on: intention to reduce energy drink consumption, perceived health threat, perceived label effectiveness and policy support for energy drink warning labels.ResultsMean intentions to reduce consumption scores were similar across the two label conditions (Mobesity = 2.5, Mcardiac = 2.6) overall; and were higher for the cardiac label (compared to obesity label) for some subgroups: females (Mobesity = 2.3, Mcardiac = 2.8; p = .037), older (25‐39 years; Mobesity = 2.4, Mcardiac = 2.8; p = .016); and higher education level (Mobesity = 1.9, Mcardiac = 2.7; p = .004). While perceived health threat measures were higher for obesity than cardiac effects, perceived label effectiveness measures of ‘believable’ and ‘relevant to me’ were higher for the cardiac label than the obesity label (believable: 71.0% vs 56.1%; relevant: 42.5% vs 29.4%). Participants who viewed the cardiac label were more likely to support policy than those shown the obesity label (OR = 1.6, 95%CI [1.1, 2.3], p = .02).ConclusionsHealth effect warnings labels were perceived by energy drink consumers to be impactful and are supported. Labels with energy drink‐specific health effects may offer additional benefit.So what?Policy makers can feel confident that warning labels on energy drinks will confer public health benefit.
Revisiting the debate on health financing in Low and Middle‐income countries: An integrative review of selected models
Authors: Domapielle Maximillian Kolbe , Sumankuuro Joshua , Bebelleh Frederick Der 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUniversal Health Coverage (UHC) as a health policy goal is gaining added currency in the policy agendas of many Low and Middle‐Income Countries (LMIC) following the onslaught of the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic. The goal of UHC is to ensure that every citizen has access to quality healthcare services that they need without suffering financial hardship. Whereas most industrialised countries have achieved UHC through the implementation of various traditional health financing mechanisms, most LMIC have not made significant progress in providing financial protection against the costs of illness for majority of the population due to limited fiscal space and or lack of political commitment to raise government revenues and increase fiscal space for health. While the onslaught of COVID‐19 refreshes the call for reform of countries' health financing policies to reflect the healthcare needs of the population, the debate about the type or combination of health financing models to employ in LMIC has yet to reach a consensus. This review critically analyses five health financing models to ascertain their appropriateness in providing financial risk protection against the cost of illness, especially in this era of COVID‐19. Given the limited fiscal space for health in LMICs, we argue that one viable pathway towards achieving UHC is the adoption of an adaptive mix of diverse pooling mechanisms. Moreover, because the creation of fiscal space is context‐specific, and UHC is a political issue rather than technical, securing strong political support is necessary for improving the governance and institutional frameworks for health and ensuring sustained economic growth to respond to the fiscal demands of health systems.
Vascular photobiomodulation increases muscle fiber diameter and improves the gait during compensatory hypertrophy of plantar muscle in rats
Authors: Martinelli Andréia , Andreo Lucas , dos Santos Malavazzi Tainá Caroline , Terena Stella Maris Lins , da Cruz Tobelem Daysi , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , Mesquita‐Ferrari Raquel Agnelli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe local photobiomodulation (LPBM) has demonstrated positive effects during compensatory hypertrophy (CH) in skeletal muscle as a response to an overload. The aim was to compare the effects of the transcutaneous vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM) and the LPBM on muscle fiber size, gait functionality, and on mechanical sensitivity during the CH model in rats. VPBM was administered over the rat's main tail vein and LPBM was applied over the plantar muscle region. VPBM induced an increase in muscle fiber diameter and cross‐sectional area (CSA) after 7 days. At 14 days, an increase in the fiber diameter was found in both irradiated groups. The VPBM and LPBM promoted the reestablishment of normal gait evaluated by the sciatic functional index after 14 days. No changes were found in the mechanical (nociceptive) sensitivity in VPBM and LPBM groups in comparison to the CH group but there was an increase in the nociceptive sensitivity in the CH groups in comparison to the control after 7 and 14 days. In conclusion, both PBM, vascular and local, were able to improve the muscle size and gait during the CH process with more pronounced effects when irradiation was performed systemically (VPBM).
Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles in Osteoporotic Patients Compared to Osteopenic and Healthy Controls
Authors: Pepe Jessica , Rossi Michela , Battafarano Giulia , Vernocchi Pamela , Conte Federica , Marzano Valeria , Mariani Eda , Mortera Stefano Levi , Cipriani Cristiana , Rana Ippolita , Buonuomo Paola Sabrina , Bartuli Andrea , De Martino Viviana , Pelle Simone , Pascucci Luisa , Toniolo Renato Maria , Putignani Lorenza , Minisola Salvatore , Del Fattore Andrea 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of a range of pathological conditions. However, their role in bone loss disease has not been well understood. In this study we characterized plasma EVs of 54 osteoporotic (OP) postmenopausal women compared to 48 osteopenic (OPN) and 44 healthy controls (CN), and we investigated their effects on osteoclasts and osteoblasts. We found no differences between the three groups in terms of anthropometric measurements and biochemical evaluation of serum calcium, phosphate, creatinine, PTH, 25-hydroxy vitamin D and bone biomarkers, except for an increase of CTX level in OP group. FACS analysis revealed that OP patients presented a significantly increased number of EVs and RANKL+ EVs compared with both CN and OPN subjects. Total EVs are negatively associated with the lumbar spine T-score and femoral neck T-score. Only in the OPN patients we observed a positive association between the total number of EVs and RANKL+ EVs with the serum RANKL. In vitro studies revealed that OP EVs supported osteoclastogenesis of healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells at the same level observed following RANKL and M-CSF treatment, reduced the ability of mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts, while inducing an increase of OSTERIX and RANKL expression in mature osteoblasts. The analysis of miRNome revealed that miR-1246 and miR-1224-5p were the most upregulated and downregulated in OP EVs; the modulated EV-miRNAs in OP and OPN compared to CN are related to osteoclast differentiation, interleukin-13 production and regulation of canonical WNT pathway. A proteomic comparison between OPN and CN EVs evidenced a decrease in fibrinogen, vitronectin, and clusterin and an increase in coagulation factors and apolipoprotein, which was also upregulated in OP EVs. Interestingly, an increase in RANKL+ EVs and exosomal miR-1246 was also observed in samples from patients affected by Gorham-Stout disease, suggesting that EVs could be good candidate as bone loss disease biomarkers. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Surgical Aspects of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Perrier Nancy , Lang Brian H. , Farias Leonardo Costa Bandeira , Poch Leyre Lorente , Sywak Mark , Almquist Martin , Vriens Menno R. , Yeh Michael W. , Shariq Omair , Duh Quan-Yang , Yeh Randy , Vu Thinh , LiVolsi Virginia , Sitges-Serra Antonio 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is the treatment of choice for symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). It is also the treatment of choice in asymptomatic PHPT with evidence for target organ involvement. This review updates surgical aspects of PHPT and proposes the following definitions based on international expert consensus: selective PTX (and reasons for conversion to an extended procedure), bilateral neck exploration for non-localized or multigland disease, subtotal PTX, total PTX with immediate or delayed autotransplantation, and transcervical thymectomy and extended en bloc PTX for parathyroid carcinoma. The systematic literature reviews discussed covered (i) the use of intraoperative PTH (ioPTH) for localized single-gland disease and (ii) the management of low BMD after PTX. Updates based on prospective observational studies are presented concerning PTX for multigland disease and hereditary PHPT syndromes, histopathology, intraoperative adjuncts, localization techniques, perioperative management, “reoperative” surgery and volume/outcome data. Postoperative complications are few and uncommon (&lt;3%) in centers performing over 40 PTXs per year. This review is the first global consensus about surgery in PHPT and reflects the current practice in leading endocrine surgery units worldwide. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Sustained Morphine Delivery Suppresses Bone Formation and Alters Metabolic and Circulating miRNA Profiles in Male C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Carvalho Adriana Lelis , Brooks Daniel J , Barlow Deborah , Langlais Audrie L , Morrill Breanna , Houseknecht Karen L , Bouxsein Mary L , Lian Jane B , King Tamara , Farina Nicholas H , Motyl Katherine J 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Opioid use is detrimental to bone health, causing both indirect and direct effects on bone turnover. Although the mechanisms of these effects are not entirely clear, recent studies have linked chronic opioid use to alterations in circulating miRNAs. Here, we developed a model of opioid-induced bone loss to understand bone turnover and identify candidate miRNA-mediated regulatory mechanisms. We evaluated the effects of sustained morphine treatment on male and female C57BL/6J mice by treating with vehicle (0.9% saline) or morphine (17 mg/kg) using subcutaneous osmotic minipumps for 25 days. Morphine-treated mice had higher energy expenditure and respiratory quotient, indicating a shift toward carbohydrate metabolism. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis indicated a sex difference in the bone outcome, where male mice treated with morphine had reduced trabecular bone volume fraction (Tb.BV/TV) (15%) and trabecular bone mineral density (BMD) (14%) in the distal femur compared with vehicle. Conversely, bone microarchitecture was not changed in females after morphine treatment. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that in males, morphine reduced bone formation rate compared with vehicle, but osteoclast parameters were not different. Furthermore, morphine reduced bone formation marker gene expression in the tibia of males (Bglap and Dmp1). Circulating miRNA profile changes were evident in males, with 14 differentially expressed miRNAs associated with morphine treatment compared with two differentially expressed miRNAs in females. In males, target analysis indicated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway was targeted by miR-223-3p and fatty acid metabolism by miR-484, -223-3p, and -328-3p. Consequently, expression of miR-223-3p targets, including Igf1r and Stat3, was lower in morphine-treated bone. In summary, we have established a model where morphine leads to a lower trabecular bone formation in males and identified potential mediating miRNAs. Understanding the sex-specific mechanisms of bone loss from opioids will be important for improving management of the adverse effects of opioids on the skeleton. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Activation of cGAS‐STING pathway – A possible cause of myofiber atrophy/necrosis in dermatomyositis and immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy
Authors: Zhou Meichen , Cheng Xiaoxiao , Zhu Wenhua , Jiang Jianhua , Zhu Sijia , Wu Xuan , Liu Meirong , Fang Qi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to investigate the expression of the cGAS‐STING pathway‐associated protein in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) and to investigate whether it is related to myofiber atrophy/necrosis in patients with dermatomyositis and immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy.Material and MethodsMuscle specimens obtained by open biopsy from 26 IIM patients (14 with dermatomyositis (DM), 8 with immune‐mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), and 4 with other types of IIM), 4 dystrophinopathy, and 9 control patients were assessed for expression of cGAS‐STING pathway members via Western blot, quantitative real‐time PCR analysis (qRT‐PCR), and immunochemistry. Meanwhile, analysis its location distribution througn immunochemistry.ResultsCompared to the control group, the expression of cGAS, STING, and related molecules was obviously increased in muscle samples of IIM patients. Upregulated cGAS and STING were mainly located in the vascular structure, inflammatory infiltrates, and atrophic and necrotic fibers. While comparing to the Dys patients, the mRNA level of cGAS, STING, and TNF‐a was upregulated, meanwhile, the protein of the TBK1, P‐TBK1, and P‐IRF3 associated with interferon upregulation was overexpressed through Western blot in IMNM and DM. Considering that cGAS and STING are located in necrotic and Mx1‐positive atrophic fibers, it is really possible that the cGAS‐STING pathway may lead to fibers atrophy/necrosis by producing IFNs.ConclusionThe cGAS‐STING pathway was activated in the muscle samples of IIM patients and its activation may be the reason of myofiber atrophy and necrosis in DM and IMNM patients.