bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omnitrophota encompasses diverse and hyperactive nanobacteria: Potential metabolisms and host-dependent lifestyles
Authors: Seymour Cale , Palmer Marike , Becraft Eric , Stepanauskas Ramunas , Friel Ariel , Schulz Frederik , Woyke Tanja , Eloe-Fadrosh Emiley , Lai Dengxun , Jiao Jian-Yu , Hua Zheng-Shuang , Liu Lan , Li Wen-Jun , Chuvochina Maria , Finley Brianna , Koch Benjamin , Schwartz Egbert , Dijkstra Paul , Moser Duane , Hungate Bruce , Hedlund Brian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Candidate bacterial phylum Omnitrophota has never been grown in axenic culture and is poorly understood. Here, we combined analysis of 421 Omnitrophota genomes representing six classes and 276 species and show that they are prevalent in water, sediments, and soils globally. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and differential size filtration showed ultra-small (~0.2 μm) cells to be common across the phylum. Reduced genomes in all six classes maintained major biosynthetic and energy conservation pathways, particularly the acetogenic Wood-Ljungdahl pathway or diverse aerobic and anaerobic respirations. However, most genomes also encoded multiple systems typical of bacterial predators and intracellular parasites, suggesting possible predatory or parasitic lifestyles. In support of this, quantitative stable-isotope probing revealed three families with high isotope uptake rates comparable to obligate bacterial predators in diverse soils. Based on their ubiquity, small cell size, high metabolic activity, and genomic repertoire, many Omnitrophota are likely to be ecologically important in a wide range of ecosystems, possibly as predators or parasites.
Analysis of the Stress between Implant Prostheses with Different Moduli and Surrounding Bones
Authors: Zhu Ye , Shao Yixin , Guan Tianmin , Lin Bing , Guo Chongyang , Pan Ting 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Stress shielding effect is the main factor affecting the effect of implant prosthesis repairing, and its main reason is that the elastic modulus of implanted prosthesis is greater than that of the surrounding bone tissues. In order to solve this problem, the influence of elastic modulus difference on the stress shielding was analyzed. A bone tissue model of the research object was obtained by CT scanning and optimized, then the gradient assignment was carried out to establish a more reliable bone mechanics model, and the model was combined with the implanted prosthesis for finite element simulation. Firstly, the finite element simulation of Beagle dog bone models, human bone model and the corresponding implant prostheses was carried out to simulate the stress and displacement distribution of prostheses with different elastic moduli after the implant prosthesis repairing. Secondly, the reasons for the stress shielding phenomenon caused by small elastic modulus differences were analyzed, the bone model and implant prosthesis model were constructed, and the method for the assignment of material properties was established. Finally, the feasibility of the model and the method for the assignment of material properties were verified, and the effects of the relationship between the elastic modulus of implant prostheses and that of bones on the formation of stress shielding were analyzed quantitatively in a way of randomly selecting stress points.
Effective Lifetime of Non-Equilibrium Carriers in Semiconductors from Non-Adiabatic Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Huang Menglin , Wu Yu-Ning , Chu Weibin , Zhao Jin , Walsh Aron , Gong Xin-Gao , Wei Su-Huai , Chen Shiyou 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The lifetime of non-equilibrium electrons and holes in semiconductors is crucial for solar cell and optoelectronic applications. Non-adiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) simulations based on time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) are widely used to study excited-state carrier dynamics. However, the calculated carrier lifetimes are often different from experimental results by orders of magnitude. In this work, by revisiting the definition of carrier lifetime and considering different recombination mechanisms, we report a systematic procedure for calculating the effective carrier lifetime in realistic semiconductor crystals that can be compared directly to experimental measurements. The procedure shows that considering all recombination mechanisms and using reasonable densities of carriers and defects are crucial in calculating the effective lifetime. When NAMD simulations consider only Shockey-Read-Hall (SRH) defect-assisted and band-to-band non-radiative recombination while neglect band-to-band radiative recombination, and the densities of non-equilibrium carriers and defects in supercell simulations are much higher than those in realistic semiconductors under solar illumination, the calculated lifetimes are ineffective and thus differ from experiments. Using our procedure, the calculated effective lifetime of the halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 agrees with experiments. It is mainly determined by band-to-band radiative and defect-assisted non-radiative recombination, while band-to-band non-radiative recombination is negligible. These results indicate that it is possible to calculate carrier lifetimes accurately based on NAMD simulations, but the directly calculated values should be converted to effective lifetimes for comparison to experiments. The revised procedure can be widely applied in future carrier lifetime simulations.
Correlation between OCT-angiography and photopic negative response in patients with primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Tabl Ahmad , Tabl Marwa Abdelshafy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the association between OCT-angiography (OCTA) and photopic negative response (PhNR) in open angle glaucoma (OAG) patients and assess the diagnostic accuracy of these parameters in early detection of glaucoma.Methods: A total of 152 eyes were enrolled in this study. 28 eyes with mild POAG (group I), 44 eyes with moderate-severe POAG (group 2) & 80 eyes of healthy subjects (control group). Full ophthalmological examination, OCTA and PhNR measurements were underwent for all participants. RNFL, GCC thicknesses, PhNR (implicit time and amplitude) were recorded. The superficial and deep capillary plexus vessel density (SCP-VD%, DCP-VD %) were measured by using 6×6mm macula OCTA scans. The peripapillary vessel density (RPC-VD %) were measured by using 4.5×4.5mm optic disc head OCTA scans.Results: There were reduction of the median Interquartile range (IQR) thickness of the GCC and RNFL in OAG eyes versus normal (P<0.001). RPC-VD%, SCP-VD % and DCP-VD% were significantly reduced in OAG eyes versus normal (P<0.001). Increased OAG severity was associated with more reduction of PhNR amplitude and increased implicit time. Reduced PhNR amplitude and prolonged latency were significantly correlated with reduced vascular parameters. The RCP-VD and PhNR amplitude demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy (98.7) with the largest AUC and higher sensitivity and speciﬁcity (100% & 98.7%, respectively), followed by the PhNR implicit time with (AUC=0.995) with a diagnostic accuracy 98.7. The SCP-VD, RNFL and GCC thickness had a diagnostic accuracy of (75.0, 81.6 & 84.2) respectively (P<0.001).Conclusions: OCTA vascular parameters displayed significant positive correlation with PhNR amplitude and significant negative correlation with PhNR implicit time. OCTA and PhNR parameters showed a high diagnostic accuracy for detection of glaucoma, and both may provide promising insight in early detection of glaucoma.This study was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier, NCT05104294).
IOL Power Calculation and Cataract Surgery in Eyes with previous Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Luft Nikolaus , Lischke Roman , Sekundo Walter , Wiltfang Rainer , Bechmann Martin , Kreutzer Thomas C. , Priglinger Siegfried G. , Dirisamer Martin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), with over 5 million procedures globally performed, will challenge ophthalmologists in the foreseeable future with accurate intraocular lens power calculation in an ageing population. After more than one decade since the introduction of SMILE, only one case report of cataract surgery with IOL implantation after SMILE is present in the peer-reviewed literature. Hence, the scope of the present multicenter study was to compare the IOL power calculation accuracy in post-SMILE eyes between ray tracing and a range of empirically optimized formulae available in the ASCRS post-keratorefractive surgery IOL power online calculator. In our study of 11 post-SMILE eyes undergoing cataract surgery, ray tracing showed the smallest mean absolute error (0.40D) and yielded the largest percentage of eyes within ± 0.50/±1.00D (82/91%). The next best conventional formula was the Potvin-Hill formula with a mean absolute error of 0.66D and an ± 0.50/±1.00D accuracy of 45% and 73%, respectively. Analyzing this first cohort of post-SMILE eyes undergoing cataract surgery and IOL implantation, ray tracing showed superior predictability in IOL power calculation over empirically optimized IOL power calculation formulae that were originally intended for use after Excimer-based keratorefractive procedures.
Percentage change patterns in cloud fraction effectively constrain global cloud feedback
Authors: Ma Jian , Feng Jing , Kang In-Sik , Collins Matthew , Watanabe Masahiro , Li Jianping , Zhang Yinding 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The radiative effect of cloud changes brings the greatest uncertainty into the projected magnitude of future global warming1-6. Key drivers of uncertainty are the pattern effect7 of sea surface temperature (SST) change and the beta feedback8 that modulates the effect of low-level cloud change. Neither have sufficed to provide a tight constraint on the cloud radiative feedback9-14. Using satellite measurements and output from climate models, we identify the percentage change in cloud fraction as key to the SST pattern control over all types of the tropical clouds15-18. This highlights a clear warmer-get-higher paradigm upon complex cloud fraction change, and inspires a process-oriented emergent constraint on the global cloud feedback. The initial stage of the constraint involves substituting the simulations with the observations via the scaling of the percentage cloud response in addition to correcting model biases in the present-day cloud cover. The eventual stage constrains the SST pattern effect explaining 83% of the remaining intermodel spread in an uncertainty attribution framework. Overall, our two-stage constraint effectively reduces the uncertainty by more than half an order of magnitude, leading to 0.45±0.15, 0.37±0.11, 0.14±0.05, and -0.06±0.04 W m-2 K-1 (90% confidence interval) in total, low, middle, and high cloud feedback, respectively.
Acute Kidney Injury In Turkey: Epidemiological Characteristics, Etiology, Clinical Course And Prognosis
Authors: Gursu Meltem , Yegenaga Itir , Tuglular Serhan , Dursun Belda , Bek Sibel Gokcay , Bardak Simge , Onan Engin , Demir Serap , Derici Ulver , Dogukan Ayhan , Sevinc Mustafa , Kocyigit Ismail , Altun Eda , Haras Ali Burak , Altiparmak Mehmet Riza , Tombul Zeki 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the etiology, comorbidities and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) in our country, and if there is, to demonstrate any potential differences in different geographical parts of the country. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried on by Acute Kidney Injury Working Group of Turkish Society of Nephrology. Demographical and clinical data of AKI patients at the time of diagnosis, at the 1st week and 1st, 3rd and 6th months were evaluated to determine patient and renal survival, and factors associated with prognosis. Results: 776 patients were included (54.7% male, median age: 67 years). Prerenal causes were more frequent, namely dehydration, heart failure and sepsis. 58.9% of patients had at least one renal etiology, most frequently nephrotoxic agent exposure. Etiologic factors were mostly similar through the country. 33.6% of patients needed renal replacement therapy. At the 6th month of diagnosis, 29.5% of patients had complete, 34.1% had partial recovery, end stage kidney disease ensued in 9.5% and 24.1% died. Death rate was higher in patients from Eastern Anatolian region, those in intensive care unit, patients with prerenal, renal and postrenal etiologies together, stage-3 AKI, sepsis, cirrhosis, heart failure, malignancy, need for renal replacement therapy and those without chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Physicians dealing with AKI should be alert against dehydration, heart failure and sepsis, nephrotoxic agent exposure while taking care of these patients. Being aware of the characteristics of AKI patients and outcomes in their country would help to prevent AKI and treating better.
Evaluating Exercise Limitation, Gas Exchange Inefficiency and Recurrence Risk in PE Patients by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Authors: Zhu Hanqing , Zhu Wei , Sun Xingxing , Cao Yuan , Xu Jianhua , Pudasaini Bigyan , Yang Wenlan , Guo Jian 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary embolism (PE) which is a form of venous thromboembolism (VTE) can induce acute symptoms and post-PE syndrome. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can evaluate exercise responses of multiple systems, including respiratory, cardiovascular, hematopoietic and skeletal muscle systems.
Methods
We retrospectively collected 103 subjects’ data of demographics, hematologics, CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA), pulmonary function test (PFT) and CPET at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from March 2015 to October 2021. The 103 subjects were composed of 10 healthy people as control, 25 patients who had been diagnosed with PE and 68 patients who were diagnosed with PE. The CPET performance differences of the three groups of subjects and subgroups of PE patients divided according to CTPA were analyzed. Spearman correlation test was performed to analyze the correlation between CPET and Blood test parameters of the enrolled subjects. Univariate logistic regression analysis, multivariable cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier cumulative survival analysis was used to find CPET parameters for predicting the risk of PE recurrence.
Results
The exercise tolerance (load @ peak), metabolic capacity (VO2 @ AT, VO2 @ Peak), ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2 @ AT, VE/VCO2 @ Peak, OUEP, LOWEST VE/VCO2), gas exchange (PETCO2 @ AT, PETCO2 @ Peak, PETO2 @ AT), and cardiovascular response (VO2/HR) of healthy people, Post-PE and PE subjects were different. The ventilatory efficiency (VE/VO2, VE/VCO2, LOWEST VE/VCO2, OUPE, VE/VCO2 slope), gas exchange (PETO2, PETCO2) of PE subgroups divided according to CTPA were also different. VO2 @ AT (% pred) can be used to predict the risk of PE recurrence.
Conclusion
CPET is an effective and responsible method for the assessment of pulmonary embolism.
Characteristics of Homebirth in Hungary: a Comparative Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wami Girma Alemu , Prémusz Viktória , Csákány György M. , Kálmán Kovács , Vértes Viola , Tamás Péter 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Births can take place either at home or in healthcare institutions in Hungary. Until 2012, home birth was neither legal nor illegal. But as of today, home birth is legal and regulated by law in Hungary, however, it has not yet been broadly accepted since only criminal cases were reported in the media before 2012. Our study aimed at exploring both real maternal and foeto-neonatal characteristics associated with Hungarian home births compared with institutional births.
Methods
A total of 2,997 cases were considered in support of our comparative retrospective cohort study. Data regarding home birth cases (n = 1792 for years 2012–2020) was sourced from Hungarian Tauffer databases (2012–2020) and compared with its matched institutional birth data (n = 1205 for the year 2020) obtained from a university linked obstetrical department. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted.
Results
In the examined period, there was a significant, continual incremental rise in the number of home births from 0.04 (2012) to 0.48% (2020) in Hungary, which represent a cc of 0.22% per year (95% CI, 0.02–0.25). The maternal age was 33.16 ± 4.71 and 29.69 ± 5.44 years for home births and institutionalized births, respectively (p < .001). Mothers choosing homebirth were multiparous and the majority have experienced spontaneous mode of childbirth compared with mothers who gave birth at a health care institution (p < .001). Some pathology (secondary uterine inertia, prolonged second stage labour and primary post-partum haemorrhage) were prevalent among homebirth cases (p < .05); and associated with a cc. 12% rate of transfer to a health care institution. But, the overall intervention rate was lower among homebirth (0.11% vs 42.57%) compared to institutional birth cases (p < .001). A slightly better Apgar score among institutionalized newborns correlated with a relatively high rate (20%) in Caesarean deliveries (p < .05).
Conclusions
The finding of our study demonstrates an increasing number of home births in Hungary. Strict criteria and requirements for midwives of homebirth provide an acceptable alternative in support of home childbirth for relatively healthy, low-risk mothers, even if it is not entirely free of charge.
Thawing permafrost poses environmental threat to thousands of sites with legacy industrial contamination.
Authors: Langer Moritz , von Deimling Thomas Schneider , Westermann Sebastian , Rolph Rebecca , Rutte Ralph , Rachold Volker , Schultz Michael , Grosse Guido 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Permafrost thaw is expected to become widespread in this century, threatening Arctic ecosystems, communities, and infrastructure. To date, industrial contaminants that have accumulated in Arctic permafrost regions have largely been neglected in climate impact analyses. Using publicly available data, we estimate that more than 10,000 contaminated sites originate from industrial activities in Arctic permafrost regions. We find a wide range of toxic substances, most of which are associated with industrial activities in mineral exploration and extraction, processing, and energy. By 2050 to 2100, climate change will significantly increase the risk of pollution and mobilization of toxic substances by exposing 500 to 1,500 additional known industrial sites and 1,000 to 3,500 estimated contaminated sites to permafrost degradation. Our analysis points to the severe environmental hazard posed by the legacy of past and ongoing industrial activities in the Arctic, which will be exacerbated by permafrost thaw.
Endoscopic features and clinical course of patients with asymptomatic cecal ulcers
Authors: Ko Chung-Wang , Lin Ying-Cheng , Liao Szu-Chia , Chang Chung-Hsin , Chen Chia-Chang , Lin Wan-Tzu , Chiu Fang-We 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Cecal ulcers are sometimes encountered in asymptomatic individuals. Their clinical outcomes and management recommendations remain uncertain.Methods: Asymptomatic patients who underwent a colonoscopic exam for colon cancer screening were retrospectively reviewed from July 2009 to November 2016. Patients with cecal ulcers were included. Patients who had colorectal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, had nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or were lost to follow-up were excluded.Results: A total of 34,036 patients underwent colon cancer screening. Cecal ulcers were found in 35 patients. After exclusion, 24 patients (mean duration, 52 months) received follow-up colonoscopy. In 20 patients, (83.3%), cecal ulcer resolved without intervention, but 4 patients (16.7%) developed clinical significant diseases, including intestinal tuberculosis (n=2), Crohn’s disease (n=1), and ulcerative colitis (n=1). Patients who developed clinically significant diseases had a higher percentage of ulcers larger than 1 cm (75% vs. 15%, p=0.035), terminal ileum involvement (100% vs. 15.4%, p=0.006) and ulcers with irregular fold (75% vs. 5%, p=0.008).Conclusions: In patients with asymptomatic cecal ulcers, the endoscopic features included larger ulcer size, terminal ileum involvement and ulcers with irregular fold may predict development of clinically significant diseases. If the above-mentioned features are present, even asymptomatic patients should be closely monitored.
Imaging-guided Percutaneous Renal Mass Biopsy： predictive factors of diagnosis, accuracy , safety, and changes of the treatment
Authors: Ye Liefu , Chen Songmao , Chen Yuandong , Zu Qingguo , Yang Zesong , Hu Minxiong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objective： To evaluate the predictive factors of imaging-guided percutaneous renal mass biopsy(PRMB) for diagnosis and its accuracy, safety； To analysis changes in the treatment of renal tumors with biopsy.Method： We retrospectively collected clinical data of patients with PRMB. The diagnosis rate of biopsy, pathological results, and complications were analyzed. Suspicious factors affecting the diagnosis of the biopsy were studied by logistic regression analysis. Including the age, gender, tumor characteristics, length of the biopsy specimen, and the number of biopsy cores between the diagnostic group and the non-diagnostic group. The surgical pathology reports were used as the standard to compare the accuracy of the biopsy. Analyze the changes in the treatment plan with PRMB.Results： A total of 109 patients were collected. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of biopsy cores (p=0.005) and the tumor solid feature (p=0.038) were the independent predictors of the diagnostic biopsy. 16 patients of the diagnostic group underwent surgical treatment and obtained postoperative pathology. Compared with the surgical pathology, The accuracy of biopsy in identifying malignancies, histotyping, and grading were 100% (16/16)、85.7%（12/14） and 50%（2/4） respectively. 10 cases（9.2%） changed the treatment plan because of biopsy. There were 10 cases（9.2%）with complications. Conclusions：The number of biopsy cores and the solid feature of tumor were the independent predictors of diagnostic biopsy. PRMB has high diagnostic accuracy in identifying malignancies, and histotyping. The PRMB can change part of the treatment plans of patients with renal tumors. The complication rate is low and hematoma is the most common complication.