bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness of COVID-19 at the Local Level: Perceptions and Political Consequences
Authors: Haselswerdt Jake , Gollust Sarah 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Context: Although the COVID-19 pandemic has affected all Americans, its effects have been unequally distributed across geographic areas. These variations in the pandemic's severity—and public perceptions thereof—likely have political consequences. This study examines the factors that shape perceptions of COVID-19 at the local level and assesses the consequences of these perceptions for public opinion and political behaviors.
Methods: The authors use questions from the 2020 Cooperative Election Study linked with county-level COVID-19 rates to examine predictors of respondents' perceptions of the pandemic's severity in their county, including demographic, political, and informational characteristics. The study also examines whether these perceptions are associated with public opinion and voter behavior.
Findings: Respondents' perceptions are correlated with case rates. Liberals and Democrats estimate the pandemic to be more severe than Republicans and conservatives do, as do CNN viewers compared to Fox News viewers. The study found only limited evidence of a relationship between perceptions of the pandemic in a respondent's county and political outcomes.
Conclusions: The results add to the accumulating evidence that both news media and political predispositions shape perceptions of COVID-19, and they raise important questions about whether and how the pandemic has shaped—and will continue to shape—political outcomes.
The Paradoxical Politics of Community Health Centers from the Great Society to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Skinner Daniel , Wright Brad 
Published: November 2022

AbstractContext: Although community health centers (CHCs) arose in the 1960s as part of a Democratic policy push committed to social justice, subsequent support has been shaped by paradoxical politics wherein Republican and Democratic support for CHCs continually morphed in response to changes in the health policy landscape.Methods: Drawing on the CHC literature and empirical examples from firsthand accounts and reporting, this article explains CHCs’ curious historical development from 1965 to the present.Findings: Both Republicans and Democrats have calibrated their support for CHCs in response to a broader set of political considerations, from antiwelfare policy commitments to aspirations of establishing a national health care plan.Conclusions: CHCs have proven to be a politically malleable policy tool within the broader context of American health care policy. The COVID-19 pandemic raised new questions about CHCs’ sustainability and future, but CHCs will continue to play a critical role in providing health care access to underserved populations. They also will continue to be an attractive bipartisan policy option within the larger framework of US health policy.
A digital twin enabled wearable device for customized healthcare
Authors: Zhu Zhengxu , Zhong Ray Y 
Published: November 2022

Background: The traditional healthcare process centers on the hospital rather than the individual patient. The demand for continuous monitoring is increasing with the increasing proportion of patients with chronic diseases and the elderly. Wearable medical devices have brought medical monitoring into the Internet age. To improve the devices' adaptability, this research proposes a combination between digital twin (DT) and wearable medical devices is proposed to provide personalized wearable medical devices and personalized healthcare efficiently. Methods: A DT-enabled smart system is proposed for personalization in the design, manufacturing, and data tracking of a healthcare device prototype. A case study is made for three healthcare monitoring scenarios: rehabilitation training, wheelchair, and human fall. Based on computer-aided design and additive print, a triaxial vibration collection bracelet with a simple Internet of things mode is designed and manufactured in personalization. Results: The bracelet shows great application ability in this case study, including design, manufacturing, and remote connection. 10 groups of data were recorded in each scenario. In rehabilitation training and wheelchair experiments, the average values of correlation coefficient between models and the actual data are 0.991 and 0.749 respectively. In human fall experiment, the motion signal parameters of the user and movement pattern were clearly identified. These results provide the basis for applications in different scenarios. Conclusions: The device is representative, with good personalization and health monitoring performance, and has excellent potential for large-scale application. DT will provide a new feasible solution for the realization of personalized medicine.
Effectiveness of an mHealth application on remote monitoring and self-management of persons with hypertension in a coastal taluk of Udupi district: A study protocol
Authors: Salins Prajwal L , Nair Suma , Kundapur Poornima P , Pandey Akhilesh K , Reshmi Bhageerathy , Mandapam Sabu K 
Published: November 2022

Background: Hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, a major cause of death and disability globally. There is increasing evidence that demonstrates clinically relevant benefits from self-monitoring and self-management of blood pressure. Evidence suggests a reduction of systolic BP by 3.2 mm/hg through self-monitoring. The use of mHealth applications in health care monitoring and self-management can help in the timely delivery of health information. Around 33% of Indians use mHealth applications in their daily life. However, well-designed, user complied mHealth applications are essential to reach the masses and to be effective. A previously conducted study in India demonstrated that applications are not customized according to users' needs and expectations and lacked usability assessment by patients. Therefore, we aimed to develop and test a novel mHealth application on remote monitoring and self-management in hypertension. Methods: The study will be carried out in three phases. The first phase will be an in-depth interview to identify the required parameters to develop a customized mHealth android-based application to monitor hypertension. The second phase is to develop the customized application through the Agile development design using the android studio platform. In the third phase, a community-based cluster randomized trial will be carried out to assess the effectiveness of the mHealth intervention on the remote monitoring and self-management of people with hypertension. A sample of 236 people from 12 villages will be randomized and the mHealth application will be delivered to the intervention group and the standard regimen will be continued in the control group. Results: In the proposed study if the intervention is found to be helpful, then hypertension patients in the community can be encouraged to install the mHealth application. This application, if found effective can improve the health status, knowledge, and self-care approach among hypertensive patients. Registration: CTR India (CTRI/2022/03/041544).
Dynamic geographical accessibility assessments to improve health equity: protocol for a test case in Cali, Colombia
Authors: Cuervo Luis Gabriel , Jaramillo Ciro , Cuervo Daniel , Martínez-Herrera Eliana , Hatcher-Roberts Janet , Pinilla Luis Fernando , Bula María Olga , Osorio Lyda , Zapata Pablo , Piquero Villegas Felipe , Ospina Maria Beatriz , Villamizar Carmen Juliana 
Published: November 2022

This protocol proposes an approach to assessing the place of residence as a spatial determinant of health in cities where traffic congestion might impact health services accessibility. The study provides dynamic travel times presenting data in ways that help shape decisions and spur action by diverse stakeholders and sectors. Equity assessments in geographical accessibility to health services typically rely on static metrics, such as distance or average travel times. This new approach uses dynamic spatial accessibility measures providing travel times from the place of residence to the health service with the shortest journey time. It will show the interplay between traffic congestion, accessibility, and health equity and should be used to inform urban and health services monitoring and planning.Available digitised data enable efficient and accurate accessibility measurements for urban areas using publicly available sources and provide disaggregated sociodemographic information and an equity perspective.Test cases are done for urgent and frequent care (i.e., repeated ambulatory care). Situational analyses will be done with cross-sectional urban assessments; estimated potential improvements will be made for one or two new services, and findings will inform recommendations and future studies.This study will use visualisations and descriptive statistics to allow non-specialized stakeholders to understand the effects of accessibility on populations and health equity. This includes “time-to-destination” metrics or the proportion of the people that can reach a service by car within a given travel time threshold from the place of residence.The study is part of the AMORE Collaborative Project, in which a diverse group of stakeholders seeks to address equity for accessibility to essential health services, including health service users and providers, authorities, and community members, including academia.
Could treatment with immunomodulatory agents targeting IL-1, IL-6, or JAK signalling improve outcomes in patients with severe influenza pneumonia? A systematic and narrative review
Authors: Hays Leanne M C , Black Melissa , Prunty Michael P , Murthy Srinivas , van de Veerdonk Frank L , Annane Djillali , Binnie Alexandra , Burrell Aidan , Derde Lennie P G , Gordon Anthony C , Green Cameron , Guillon Antoine , Keat Karuna , Lawler Patrick R , Lye David C , Mayr Florian B , McArthur Colin J , McAuley Danny F , McVerry Bryan J , Morpeth Susan C , Phua Jason , Pletz Mathias , Reyes Luis Felipe , Saxena Manoj , Seppelt Ian , Shankar-Hari Manu , Sligl Wendy I , Turner Anne M , Uyeki Timothy M , Vazquez-Grande Gloria , Webb Steve A , Ainscough Kate , P Haren Andrea , Hills Thomas , Nichol Alistair 
Published: November 2022

Background: Influenza is a global cause of morbidity and mortality and a significant risk for a future pandemic infection. Host hyperinflammation, similar to that seen in COVID-19, may occur in response to influenza virus pneumonia, with Janus kinase (JAK) signalling and proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 involved. Immune modulation treatment of hospitalised and critically ill COVID-19 patients, including with IL-6 and JAK inhibitors, has been found to be beneficial. Significant interest exists in the use of immunomodulatory agents targeting these pathways in the treatment of severe influenza pneumonia. Methods: We conducted a review with both systematic and narrative methods to assess whether, in patients with severe influenza pneumonia, treatment with immunomodulatory agents targeting IL-1, IL-6 or JAK signalling, in comparison to no immune modulation, is beneficial and improves clinical outcomes. Results: Our systematic search screened 5409 records and found no randomised controlled trials of IL-1, IL-6 or JAK immunomodulatory agents in patients with severe influenza pneumonia. To support this systematic search, we provide a narrative review of the biological rationale, previous use of these agents, including in hospitalised patients with COVID-19, and an overview of their safety profiles. Conclusions: Although immune modulation has proven successful in treating hospitalised and critically ill patients with COVID-19 and a biological rationale exists for testing these agents in influenza, no agents targeting IL-1, IL-6 or JAK signalling have been assessed in randomised controlled trials of patients with severe influenza pneumonia. This highlights a significant evidence gap.
Pharmacokinetics of antitubercular drugs in patients hospitalized with HIV-associated tuberculosis: a population modeling analysis
Authors: Abdelgawad Noha , Chirehwa Maxwell , Schutz Charlotte , Barr David , Ward Amy , Janssen Saskia , Burton Rosie , Wilkinson Robert J. , Shey Muki , Wiesner Lubbe , McIlleron Helen , Maartens Gary , Meintjes Graeme , Denti Paolo 
Published: November 2022

Background. Early mortality among hospitalized HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB/HIV) patients is high despite treatment. The pharmacokinetics of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide were investigated in hospitalized TB/HIV patients and a cohort of outpatients with TB (with or without HIV) to determine whether drug exposures differed between groups. Methods. Standard first-line TB treatment was given daily as per national guidelines, which consisted of oral 4-drug fixed-dose combination tablets containing 150 mg rifampicin, 75 mg isoniazid, 400 mg pyrazinamide, and 275 mg ethambutol. Plasma samples were drawn on the 3rd day of treatment over eight hours post-dose. Rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide in plasma were quantified and NONMEM® was used to analyze the data. Results. Data from 60 hospitalized patients (11 of whom died within 12 weeks of starting treatment) and 48 outpatients were available. Median (range) weight and age were 56 (35 - 88) kg, and 37 (19 - 77) years, respectively. Bioavailability and clearance of the three drugs were similar between TB/HIV hospitalized and TB outpatients. However, rifampicin’s absorption was slower in hospitalized patients than in outpatients; mean absorption time was 49.9% and 154% more in hospitalized survivors and hospitalized deaths, respectively, than in outpatients. Higher levels of conjugated bilirubin correlated with lower rifampicin clearance. Isoniazid’s clearance estimates were 25.5 L/h for fast metabolizers and 9.76 L/h for slow metabolizers. Pyrazinamide’s clearance was more variable among hospitalized patients. The variability in clearance among patients was 1.70 and 3.56 times more for hospitalized survivors and hospitalized deaths, respectively, than outpatients. Conclusion. We showed that the pharmacokinetics of first-line TB drugs are not substantially different between hospitalized TB/HIV patients and TB (with or without HIV) outpatients. Hospitalized patients do not seem to be underexposed compared to their outpatient counterparts, as well as hospitalized patients who survived vs who died within 12 weeks of hospitalization.
Epidemiological, clinical and radiological characteristics of people with neurocysticercosis in Tanzania–A cross-sectional study
Authors: Stelzle Dominik , Makasi Charles , Schmidt Veronika , Trevisan Chiara , van Damme Inge , Welte Tamara M. , Ruether Charlotte , Fleury Agnes , Dorny Pierre , Magnussen Pascal , Zulu Gideon , Mwape Kabemba E. , Bottieau Emmanuel , Gabriël Sarah , Ngowi Bernard J. , Winkler Andrea S. ,   on behalf of the SOLID collaborators
Published: November 2022

Background
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is common among people with epilepsy in low-resource settings. Prevalence of NCC and radiological characteristics of patients with NCC vary considerably even within small areas but differences have been poorly characterized so far.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study between August 2018 and April 2020 in three district hospitals in southern Tanzania (Ifisi, Tukuyu and Vwawa). Patients with and without epileptic seizures were included in this study. All patients were tested with a novel antibody-detecting point-of-care test for the diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis. All test positives and a subset of test negatives had a further clinical work-up including medical examination and computed tomography of the brain. NCC was defined according to the Del Brutto criteria. We assessed epidemiological, clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with NCC by presence of epileptic seizures and by serology status.

Results
In all three district hospitals, more than 30% of all people with epileptic seizures (PWE) had NCC lesions in their brain (38% in Vwawa, 32% in Tukuyu and 31% in Ifisi). Most PWE with NCC had multiple lesions and mostly parenchymal lesions (at least 85%). If patients were serologically positive, they had in the median more lesions than serologically negative patients (15 [interquartile range 8–29] versus 5 [1.8–11]), and only serologically positive patients had active stage lesions. Furthermore, serologically positive PWE had more lesions than serologically positive people without epileptic seizures (10.5 [7–23]), and more often had active lesions. PWE diagnosed with NCC (n = 53) were older, and more commonly had focal onset seizures (68% versus 44%, p = 0.03) and headache episodes (34% versus 14%, p = 0.06), which were also stronger than in PWE without NCC (p = 0.04).

Conclusion
NCC is common among PWE. A combination of clinical and serological factors could help to establish an algorithm to identify patients potentially suffering from active NCC, who benefit from further clinical investigation including neuroimaging.
Use of a 3D-printed body surface percutaneous puncture guide plate in vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures
Authors: Chen Jianquan , Lin Xinyuan , Lv Zhouming , Chen Maoshui , Huang Taosheng 
Published: November 2022

Background
Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) has been used widely to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). However, it has many disadvantages, such as excessive radiation exposure, long operation times, and high cement leakage rates. This study was conducted to explore the clinical effects and safety of the use of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed body-surface guide plate to aid PVP for the treatment of OVCFs.

Methods
This prospective cohort study was conducted with patients with OVCFs presenting between October 2020 and June 2021. Fifty patients underwent traditional PVP (group T) and 47 patients underwent PVP aided by 3D-printed body-surface guide plates (3D group). The following clinical and adverse events were compared between groups: the puncture positioning, puncture, fluoroscopy exposure and total operation times; changes in vertebral height and the Cobb angle after surgery relative to baseline; preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale and Oswestry disability index scores; and perioperative complications (bone cement leakage, neurological impairment, vertebral infection, and cardiopulmonary complications.

Results
The puncture, adjustment, fluoroscopy, and total operation times were shorter in the 3D group than in group T. Visual analog scale and Oswestry disability index scores improved significantly after surgery, with significant differences between groups (both p < 0.05). At the last follow-up examination, the vertebral midline height and Cobb angle did not differ between groups. The incidence of complications was significantly lower in the 3D group than in group T (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The use of 3D-printed body-surface guide plates can simplify and optimize PVP, shortening the operative time, improving the success rate, reducing surgical complications, and overall improving the safety of PVP.
Linking neuroanatomical abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder with gene expression of candidate ASD genes: A meta-analytic and network-oriented approach
Authors: Camasio Alessia , Panzeri Elisa , Mancuso Lorenzo , Costa Tommaso , Manuello Jordi , Ferraro Mario , Duca Sergio , Cauda Franco , Liloia Donato 
Published: November 2022

Background
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of developmental conditions with widespread neuroanatomical abnormalities and a strong genetic basis. Although neuroimaging studies have indicated anatomical changes in grey matter (GM) morphometry, their associations with gene expression remain elusive.

Methods
Here, we aim to understand how gene expression correlates with neuroanatomical atypicalities in ASD. To do so, we performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis to determine the common GM variation pattern in the autistic brain. From the Allen Human Brain Atlas, we selected eight genes from the SHANK, NRXN, NLGN family and MECP2, which have been implicated with ASD, particularly in regards to altered synaptic transmission and plasticity. The gene expression maps for each gene were built. We then assessed the correlation between the gene expression maps and the GM alteration maps. Lastly, we projected the obtained clusters of GM alteration-gene correlations on top of the canonical resting state networks, in order to provide a functional characterization of the structural evidence.

Results
We found that gene expression of most genes correlated with GM alteration (both increase and decrease) in regions located in the default mode network. Decreased GM was also correlated with gene expression of some ASD genes in areas associated with the dorsal attention and cerebellar network. Lastly, single genes were found to be significantly correlated with increased GM in areas located in the somatomotor, limbic and ganglia/thalamus networks.

Conclusions
This approach allowed us to combine the well beaten path of genetic and brain imaging in a novel way, to specifically investigate the relation between gene expression and brain with structural damage, and individuate genes of potential interest for further investigation in the functional domain.
Using big data to understand bilingual performance in semantic fluency: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Taler Vanessa , Johns Brendan 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesThis study aimed to characterize verbal fluency performance in monolinguals and bilinguals using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).MethodsA large sample of adults aged 45–85 (n = 12,875) completed a one-minute animal fluency task in English. Participants were English-speaking monolinguals (n = 9,759), bilinguals who spoke English as their first language (L1 bilinguals, n = 1,836), and bilinguals who spoke English as their second language (L2 bilinguals, n = 1,280). Using a distributional modeling approach to quantify the semantic similarity of words, we examined the impact of word frequency and pairwise semantic similarity on performance on this task.ResultsOverall, L1 bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on the verbal fluency task: they produced more items, and these items were of lower average frequency and semantic similarity. Monolinguals in turn outperformed L2 bilinguals on these measures. The results held across different age groups, educational, and income levels.DiscussionThese results demonstrate an advantage for bilinguals compared to monolinguals on a category fluency task, when performed in the first language, indicating that, at least in the CLSA sample, bilinguals have superior semantic search capabilities in their first language compared to monolingual speakers of that language.