bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of Mesoscale Currents in AMOC Pathways and Timescales
Authors: Kamenkovich Igor , Garraffo Zulema 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) plays a key role in climate due to uptake and redistribution of heat and carbon anomalies. This redistribution takes place along several main pathways that link the high-latitude North Atlantic with midlatitudes and the Southern Ocean and involves currents on a wide range of spatial scales. This numerical study examines the importance of mesoscale currents (“eddies”) in these AMOC pathways and associated time scales, using a highly efficient offline tracer model. The study uses two boundary impulse response (BIR) tracers, which can quantify the importance of the Atlantic tracer exchanges with the high-latitude atmosphere in the north and with the Southern Ocean in the south. The results demonstrate that mesoscale advection leads to an increase in the overall BIR inventory during the first 100 years and results in a more efficient and spatially uniform ventilation of the deep Atlantic. Mesoscale currents also facilitate meridional spreading of the BIR tracer and thus assist the large-scale advection. The results point toward the importance of spatial inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the eddy-induced mixing in several mixing “hotspots,” as revealed by an eddy diffusivity tensor. Conclusions can be expected to assist evaluations of eddy-permitting simulations that stop short of full resolution of mesoscale, as well as development of eddy parameterization schemes.
How do trade unions manage themselves? A study of Australian unions’ administrative practices
Authors: Bamber Greg J , Jerrard Marjorie A , Clark Paul F 
Published: May 2022

Dedication We gratefully acknowledge the invaluable contributions to the research that we discuss here by our dear friend and colleague the late Dr Sandra Cockfield; we miss her greatly. We dedicate this article to her. For a tribute to her see www.monash.edu/vale/home/articles/vale-dr-sandra-cockfield . The article discusses issues rarely addressed in research on Australian unions: the internal management policies and practices of unions, including human resource management, budgeting and strategy formulation. Management matters because it creates processes and systems that focus activity on whatever objectives a union or other organisation wishes to achieve. Our main research question is ‘how do Australian unions manage their employees, budgets, and strategies?’ Our study builds on earlier studies of US, UK and Canadian unions by adapting a survey instrument used in these countries. The Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) asked national and branch unions to complete our online surveys. Of the unions surveyed, a majority of respondents use systematic human resource management policies and practices. They have also adopted strategic planning and budgeting practices. Echoing international findings, Australian unions have increasingly professionalised their administration. These findings are important since they have implications for how Australian unions deal with the challenges they face, including their revitalisation efforts and their responses to changing regulatory contexts.
UBIAD1 effectively alleviated myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by activating SIRT1/PGC1α
Authors: Pan Da-bin , Ren Meng-xiang , Ding Wen-long , Zha Da-yong 
Published: May 2022

Background and objectives Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) threatens global health and lowers people’s sense of happiness. Till now, the mechanism of MIRI has not been well-understood. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the role of UBIAD1 in MIRI as well as its detailed reaction mechanism. Methods The mRNA and protein expressions of UBIAD1 before or after transfection were measured using RT-qPCR and western blot. Western blot was also adopted to measure the expressions of signaling pathway-, mitochondrial damage- and apoptosis-related proteins. Moreover, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP level were verified by JC-1 immunofluorescence and ATP kits, respectively. With the application of CCK-8, LDH and CK-MB assays, the cell viability, LDH and CK-MB levels were evaluated, respectively. In addition, the cell apoptosis was detected using TUNEL. Finally, the expressions of ROS, SOD, MDA and CAT were measured using DCFH-DA, SOD, MDA and CAT assays, respectively. Results In the present study, we found that UBIAD1 was downregulated in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) -induced H9C2 cells and its upregulation could activate SIRT1/PGC1α signaling pathway. It was also found that UBIAD1 regulated mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP level via activating SIRT1/PGC1α signaling pathway. In addition, the injury of H/R-induced H9C2 cells could be relieved by UBIAD1 through the activation of SIRT1/PGC1α signaling pathway. Moreover, UBIAD1 exhibited inhibitory effects on apoptosis and oxidative stress of H/R-induced H9C2 cells through activating SIRT1/PGC1α signaling pathway. Conclusion To sum up, UBIAD1 could alleviate apoptosis, oxidative stress and H9C2 cell injury by activating SIRT1/PGC1α, which laid experimental foundation for the clinical treatment of MIRI.
Predictors of Mortality in 433 Nonagenarians Inside the Mugello Study: A 10 Years Follow-Up Study
Authors: Pancani Silvia , Lombardi Gemma , Sofi Francesco , Gori Anna Maria , Boni Roberta , Castagnoli Chiara , Paperini Anita , Pasquini Guido , Vannetti Federica , Molino Lova Raffaello , Macchi Claudio , Cecchi Francesca 
Published: May 2022

Objective to identify the predictors of mortality in a cohort of nonagenarians inside the “Mugello study” after 10 years follow-up. Methods Information on sociodemographic data, cognitive and functional status, lifestyle, medical history, and drug use was collected from 433 non-selected participants aged 90-99 years, living in the Mugello area (Italy). Participants were followed over 10 years and their dates of death were retrieved from the municipal registers. Cox regression analysis was used to determine significant potential prognostic factors. Results The mortality rate was 96.5%. Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that a lower cognitive status was significantly associated with higher mortality as well as a poorer functional status, a higher comorbidity, and a higher number of drugs consumption. Discussion Impaired cognitive function, loss of functional independence, higher comorbidity, and higher drugs intake were the stronger predictors of mortality.
Intestinal perforation after intravitreal low dose ranibizumab injection for the treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity: A case report
Authors: Rzayev Turkay , Celiker Hande , Aykut Aslan , Cerit Kivilcim , Koyuncuer Ali , Gucyetmez Safak , Ozdemir Hulya , Memisoglu Asli , Bilgen Hulya , Ozek Eren 
Published: May 2022

Purpose To report a newborn patient with gastrointestinal (GIS) perforation after intravitreal ranibizumab (RBZ) treatment. Case report The patient was born at 31 gestational week and hospitalized with the diagnosis of small for gestational age and prematurity. In the follow up he underwent GIS surgery due to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and was diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). At 43 weeks of postmenstrual age, he developed intestinal perforation after 12 h of the second low-dose RBZ injection. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of GIS perforation due to low-dose intravitreal RBZ treatment in an infant with severe ROP. Conclusion The risk of GIS perforation should be taken into consideration during the application of intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist agents, especially in newborns with previous GIS surgery and a history of NEC, and these patients should be carefully monitored for GIS complications.
Characteristics Associated With Consistent Handwashing and Satisfaction in the Workplace: A Pilot Survey of U.S. Workers
Authors: Le Aurora B. , Perez-Patron Maria , Ward Lauren M. , Comai Andrew , Beam Elizabeth L. , Gibbs Shawn G. 
Published: May 2022

Background: This study seeks to determine what handwashing facilities are available to workers, predominantly in the manufacturing and service industries, to find out if their workplace has the appropriate resources to conduct proper handwashing and how that affects handwashing satisfaction. Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed U.S. adult workers ( N = 241) on their workplace handwashing equipment and facilities. The associations between demographic characteristics, consistent handwashing, and handwashing satisfaction were evaluated using Fisher’s exact test. Findings: Eighty-eight percent of respondents reported consistent handwashing. Pulling a handle to exit the restroom was negatively associated with handwashing satisfaction ( p = .004) and having difficulty with an automatic faucet or dispenser was negatively marginally significant in its association with handwashing consistency ( p = .10). Conclusion/Applications to Practice: Greater understanding of the available equipment in workplace restroom facilities and how to improve selection and use of that equipment may improve workers’ handwashing experiences.
The Value Preservation Imperative
Authors: Lyons Sean 
Published: May 2022

Stakeholder groups appear to intuitively understand that logically the delivery of sustainable value over the long-term requires a healthy focus on value creation and value preservation. Historically, organizations have explicitly addressed the value creation imperative at a strategic level through their company purpose, vision and corporate strategy. The value preservation imperative, however, while perhaps sometimes implied, has rarely been explicitly addressed in the same manner at a strategic level. The difference between explicitly addressing the value creation obligation and implicitly addressing the value preservation obligation is considerable, and its impact has already had a profound effect on corporate culture and resulting corporate behaviour. This article outlines the significant developments that have occurred in recent times (2016–2022), as a growing number of regulators, standard setters and other governance bodies finally begin to include explicit references to the value preservation imperative. These incremental steps are now directly impacting on corporate boardrooms, as the moral obligation to preserve, protect and defend stakeholder value is increasingly viewed as an important corporate consideration in terms of both company purpose and fiduciary duty.
Interaction between maternal killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and offspring HLAs and susceptibility of childhood ALL
Authors: Feng Qianxi , Zhou Mi , Li Shaobo , Morimoto Libby , Hansen Helen , Myint Swe Swe , Wang Rong , Metayer Catherine , Kang Alice , Fear Anna Lisa , Pappas Derek , Erlich Henry , Hollenbach Jill A. , Mancuso Nicholas , Trachtenberg Elizabeth , de Smith Adam J. , Ma Xiaomei , Wiemels Joseph L. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children is associated with a distinct neonatal cytokine profile. The basis of this neonatal immune phenotype is unknown but potentially related to maternal-fetal immune receptor interactions. We conducted a case-control study of 226 case child-mother pairs and 404 control child-mother pairs to evaluate the role of interaction between HLA genotypes in the offspring and maternal killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes in the etiology of childhood ALL, while considering potential mediation by neonatal cytokines and the immune-modulating enzyme arginase-II (ARG-II). We observed different associations between offspring HLA-maternal KIR activating profiles and the risk of ALL in different predicted genetic ancestry groups. For instance, in Latino subjects who experience the highest risk of childhood leukemia, activating profiles were significantly associated with a lower risk of childhood ALL (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-0.71) and a higher level of ARG-II at birth (coefficient = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04-0.22). HLA-KIR activating profiles were also associated with a lower risk of ALL in non-Latino Asians (OR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.38-1.01), although they had a lower tumor necrosis factor-α level (coefficient = −0.27; 95% CI, −0.49 to −0.06). Among non-Latino White subjects, no significant association was observed between offspring HLA-maternal KIR interaction and ALL risk or cytokine levels. The current study reports the association between offspring HLA-maternal KIR interaction and the development of childhood ALL with variation by predicted genetic ancestry. We also observed some associations between activating profiles and immune factors related to cytokine control; however, cytokines did not demonstrate causal mediation of the activating profiles on ALL risk.
Characterization of cell-cell communication in autistic brains with single-cell transcriptomes
Authors: Astorkia Maider , Lachman Herbert M. , Zheng Deyou 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundAutism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting 1–2% of children. Studies have revealed genetic and cellular abnormalities in the brains of affected individuals, leading to both regional and distal cell communication deficits.MethodsRecent application of single-cell technologies, especially single-cell transcriptomics, has significantly expanded our understanding of brain cell heterogeneity and further demonstrated that multiple cell types and brain layers or regions are perturbed in autism. The underlying high-dimensional single-cell data provides opportunities for multilevel computational analysis that collectively can better deconvolute the molecular and cellular events altered in autism. Here, we apply advanced computation and pattern recognition approaches on single-cell RNA-seq data to infer and compare inter-cell-type signaling communications in autism brains and controls.ResultsOur results indicate that at a global level, there are cell-cell communication differences in autism in comparison with controls, largely involving neurons as both signaling senders and receivers, but glia also contribute to the communication disruption. Although the magnitude of changes is moderate, we find that excitatory and inhibitor neurons are involved in multiple intercellular signaling that exhibits increased strengths in autism, such as NRXN and CNTN signaling. Not all genes in the intercellular signaling pathways show differential expression, but genes in the affected pathways are enriched for axon guidance, synapse organization, neuron migration, and other critical cellular functions. Furthermore, those genes are highly connected to and enriched for genes previously associated with autism risks.ConclusionsOverall, our proof-of-principle computational study using single-cell data uncovers key intercellular signaling pathways that are potentially disrupted in the autism brains, suggesting that more studies examining cross-cell type effects can be valuable for understanding autism pathogenesis.
Exploration of chemical space with partial labeled noisy student self-training and self-supervised graph embedding
Authors: Liu Yang , Lim Hansaim , Xie Lei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Drug discovery is time-consuming and costly. Machine learning, especially deep learning, shows great potential in quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modeling to accelerate drug discovery process and reduce its cost. A big challenge in developing robust and generalizable deep learning models for QSAR is the lack of a large amount of data with high-quality and balanced labels. To address this challenge, we developed a self-training method, Partially LAbeled Noisy Student (PLANS), and a novel self-supervised graph embedding, Graph-Isomorphism-Network Fingerprint (GINFP), for chemical compounds representations with substructure information using unlabeled data. The representations can be used for predicting chemical properties such as binding affinity, toxicity, and others. PLANS-GINFP allows us to exploit millions of unlabeled chemical compounds as well as labeled and partially labeled pharmacological data to improve the generalizability of neural network models.

Results
We evaluated the performance of PLANS-GINFP for predicting Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) binding activity in a CYP450 dataset and chemical toxicity in the Tox21 dataset. The extensive benchmark studies demonstrated that PLANS-GINFP could significantly improve the performance in both cases by a large margin. Both PLANS-based self-training and GINFP-based self-supervised learning contribute to the performance improvement.

Conclusion
To better exploit chemical structures as an input for machine learning algorithms, we proposed a self-supervised graph neural network-based embedding method that can encode substructure information. Furthermore, we developed a model agnostic self-training method, PLANS, that can be applied to any deep learning architectures to improve prediction accuracies. PLANS provided a way to better utilize partially labeled and unlabeled data. Comprehensive benchmark studies demonstrated their potentials in predicting drug metabolism and toxicity profiles using sparse, noisy, and imbalanced data. PLANS-GINFP could serve as a general solution to improve the predictive modeling for QSAR modeling.
Molecular evolution and phylogenetic relationships of Ligusticum (Apiaceae) inferred from the whole plastome sequences
Authors: Ren Ting , Xie Dengfeng , Peng Chang , Gui Lingjian , Price Megan , Zhou Songdong , He Xingjin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
The genus Ligusticum belongs to Apiaceae, and its taxonomy has long been a major difficulty. A robust phylogenetic tree is the basis of accurate taxonomic classification of Ligusticum. We herein used 26 (including 14 newly sequenced) plastome-scale data to generate reliable phylogenetic trees to explore the phylogenetic relationships of Chinese Ligusticum.

Results
We found that these plastid genomes exhibited diverse plastome characteristics across all four currently identified clades in China, while the plastid protein-coding genes were conserved. The phylogenetic analyses by the concatenation and coalescent methods obtained a more robust molecular phylogeny than prior studies and showed the non-monophyly of Chinese Ligusticum. In the concatenation-based phylogeny analyses, the two datasets yielded slightly different topologies that may be primarily due to the discrepancy in the number of variable sites.

Conclusions
Our plastid phylogenomics analyses emphasized that the current circumscription of the Chinese Ligusticum should be reduced, and the taxonomy of Ligusticum urgently needs revision. Wider taxon sampling including the related species of Ligusticum will be necessary to explore the phylogenetic relationships of this genus. Overall, our study provided new insights into the taxonomic classification of Ligusticum and would serve as a framework for future studies on taxonomy and delimitation of Ligusticum from the perspective of the plastid genome.
Gene expression profiling of RIP2-knockdown in HD11 macrophages — elucidation of potential pathways (gene network) when challenged with avian pathogenic E.coli (APEC)
Authors: Sun Hongyan , Yang Yexin , Cao Yuxuan , Li Huan , Qu Lujiang , Lamont Susan J. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIP2), ubiquitous in many tissue/cell types, is the key regulator of immune and inflammatory responses for many diseases, including avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), which causes a wide variety of localized or systemic infections. However, the molecular mechanisms by which RIP2 drives its transcriptional program to affect immune and inflammatory response upon APEC infection remains poorly understood.

Results
In this study, RNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses were used to detect gene expression and new direct/indirect RIP2 targets in the treatments of wild type HD11 cells (WT), RIP2 knockdown cells (shRIP2), APEC stimulation cells (APEC), and RIP2 knockdown cells combined with APEC infection (shRIP2 + APEC). The results revealed that a total of 4691 and 2605 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in shRIP2 + APEC vs. APEC and shRIP2 vs. WT, respectively. Functional annotation analysis showed that apoptosis, MAPK, p53, Toll-like receptor, and Nod-like receptor signaling pathways were involved in APEC-induced RIP2 knockdown HD11 cells. By analyzing the enriched pathway and gene networks, we identified that several DEGs, including HSP90AB1, BID, and CASP9 were targeted by RIP2 upon APEC infection.

Conclusion
As a whole, this study can not only provide data support for constructing gene networks of RIP2 knockdown with APEC challenge but also provide new ideas for improving the immune and inflammatory response.
The efficacy of different alveolar recruitment maneuvers in holmium laser lithotripsy surgery under general anesthesia using a laryngeal mask
Authors: Bai Fu-Rong , Li Hong-mei , Yi Ming-liang , Yin Hong , Wu Wei 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Alveolar recruitment maneuvers (ARMs) is an important part of lung-protective ventilation strategies (LPVSs), but the optimal duration and interval Remain unclear.

Methods
Patients:252 patients who underwent holmium laser lithotripsy surgery and meet inclusion criteria were included and randomized into three groups based on the duration and frequency of ARMs (Regular, one 30 s ARM (RARMs); Improved and intermittent, three 10s ARMs (IARMs); and Control (C), no ARMs).Interventions: Groups R and I received ARMs at 20 cmH2O pressures every 30 min. All patients received the same anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. Measurements:Outcomes included heart rate and mean arterial pressure changes during ARMs and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) within the first 7 postoperative days.

Main results
Incidences of PPCs in groups R(7.1%) and I (5.0%)were slightly lower than those in group C (8.9%).This indicated the potential to reduce lung injury. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure fluctuations during ARMs were significantly higher in groups R and I than in group C (P < 0.01). The rate of blood pressure decrease was significantly higher in group R than in group I (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
IARMs can reduce cycle fluctuations than RARMs in patients Undergoing holmium laser lithotripsy surgery with laryngeal mask general anesthesia. Low tidal volume ventilation and low PEEP combined with ARM did not significantly reduce the incidence of PPCs in healthy lung patients, but tended to reduce lung injury.

Trial registration
The study was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.
(ChiCTR2000030815,15/03/2020). This study was approved by the ethics committee of Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital with approval number(2020–005(Study)-1).