bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the Sepsis-Associated Adverse Outcomes in Pregnancy Score
Authors: Stephens Angela J. , Lee Kyung H. , Barton John R. , Chauhan Suneet P. , Baker Andrea L. , Sibai Baha M. 
Published: June 2022

Objective This study aimed to develop and evaluate a scoring system—called the Sepsis-Associated Adverse Outcomes in Pregnancy (SAAP) Score—to identify individuals with maternal infection that have composite maternal adverse outcomes (CMAO).
Study Design Using the International Classification of Disease codes, we identified pregnant and postpartum (up to 6 weeks after birth) individuals admitted at our center with a primary diagnosis of infection. The primary outcome was CMAO which included any of the following: maternal intensive care unit admission, surgical intervention, vasopressor use, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary edema, mechanical ventilation, high-flow nasal cannula, disseminated intravascular coagulation, dialysis, organ failure, venous thromboembolism, or maternal death. Regularized logistic regression was used to identify variables that best discriminate CMAO status. Variables were chosen for inclusion following evaluation of statistical and clinical significance. Model performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values.
Results Of the 23,235 deliveries during the study period, 227 (0.9%) individuals met inclusion criteria and among them CMAO occurred in 39.2% (95% CI: 33.1–45.7%). The SAAP score consisted of six variables (white blood cell count, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, lactic acid, and abnormal diagnostic imaging) with scores ranging from 0 to 11 and a score of ≥7 being abnormal. An abnormal SAAP score had an AUC of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.74–0.86) for CMAO. The sensitivity and specificity of the SAAP score for CMAO was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.60–0.80) and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.64–0.80), respectively. The positive predictive value was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.52–0.72) and negative predictive value was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71–0.86).
Conclusion Pending external validation, the sixth variable SAAP score may permit early recognition of pregnant and postpartum individuals with infection who are likely to develop adverse maternal outcomes.
Key Points
Video-Based Microsurgical Education versus Stationary Basic Microsurgical Course: A Noninferiority Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Dąbrowski Filip , Stogowski Piotr , Białek Jan , Fliciński Filip , Piotrowski Maciej , Pankowski Rafał , Ceynowa Marcin , Rocławski Marek , Wałejko Szymon , Mazurek Tomasz 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background Repetitive training is essential for microsurgical performance. This study aimed to compare the improvement in basic microsurgical skills using two learning methods: stationary microsurgical course with tutor supervision and self-learning based on digital instructional materials. We hypothesized that video-based training provides noninferior improvement in basic microsurgical skills.
Methods In this prospective study, 80 participants with no prior microsurgical experience were randomly divided into two groups: the control group, trained under the supervision of a microsurgical tutor, and the intervention group, where knowledge was based on commonly available online instructional videos without tutor supervision. Three blinded expert microsurgeons evaluated the improvement in basic microsurgical skills in both groups. The evaluation included an end-to-end anastomosis test using the Ten-Point Microsurgical Anastomosis Rating Scale (MARS10) and a six-stitch test on a latex glove. Statistically significant differences between groups were identified using standard noninferiority analysis, chi-square, and t-tests.
Results Seventy-seven participants completed the course. Baseline test scores did not differ significantly between groups. After the 4-day microsurgical course, both groups showed statistically significant improvement in microsurgical skills measured using the MARS10. The performed tests showed that data for self-learning using digital resources provides noninferior data for course with surpervision on the initial stage of microsurgical training (7.84; standard deviation [SD], 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.25–8.44) to (7.72; SD, 2.09; 95% CI, 7.07–8.36).
Conclusion Video-based microsurgical training on its initial step provides noninferior improvement in microsurgical skills to training with a dedicated instructor.
Explaining IMF design of 2010 Greece loan: bricoleurs relying on fiscal space and nonlinear multiple equilibria processes
Authors: Nordström Laura , Laiho Niilo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe IMF’s 2010 Troika lending programme with Greece was unprecedented due to the IMF’s controversial internal rule changes, the programme’s pivotal effects on eurozone crisis policies and the effect of austerity concepts on Greece. We aim to explain conclusively why the IMF lent to Greece without restructuring, as previous explanations have crucial gaps. We operationalise Ben Clift’s theory of IMF behaviour in process-tracing, analysing programme-related text sources. Our exercise is novel as Clift does not aim to explain individual programmes, while the theory warrants further testing. According to our causal mechanism, the IMF used two key analytical lenses formed via bricolage, fiscal space and nonlinear multiple equilibria processes (NLMEP), to analyse the programme context and formulate the programme design. While we find our mechanism too narrow to explain the programme design, our results regarding the role of NLMEP and fiscal space within IMF programme-time economic analysis support the importance of financial contagion as a motivator for monetarily significant IMF participation and why the IMF adhered to austerity despite risking debt stabilisation. However, it seems limitedly useful to assume coherent ideational drivers behind the precise programme design: instead, accepting the key role of ad hoc judgement depicts IMF behaviour accurately.
Small ionic radii limit time step in Martini 3 molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Fábián Balázs , Thallmair Sebastian , Hummer Gerhard 
Published: June 2022

Among other improvements, the Martini 3 coarse-grained force field provides a more accurate description of the solvation of protein pockets and channels through the consistent use of various bead types and sizes. Here, we show that the representation of Na+ and Cl− ions as “tiny” (TQ5) beads limits the accessible time step to 25 fs. By contrast, with Martini 2, time steps of 30–40 fs were possible for lipid bilayer systems without proteins. This limitation is relevant for systems that require long equilibration times. We derive a quantitative kinetic model of time-integration instabilities in molecular dynamics (MD) as a function of the time step, ion concentration and mass, system size, and simulation time. We demonstrate that ion–water interactions are the main source of instability at physiological conditions, followed closely by ion–ion interactions. We show that increasing the ionic masses makes it possible to use time steps up to 40 fs with minimal impact on static equilibrium properties and dynamical quantities, such as lipid and solvent diffusion coefficients. Increasing the size of the bead representing the ions (and thus changing their hydration) also permits longer time steps. For a soluble protein, we find that increasing the mass of tiny beads also on the protein permits simulations with 30-fs time steps. The use of larger time steps in Martini 3 results in a more efficient exploration of configuration space. The kinetic model of MD simulation crashes can be used to determine the maximum allowed time step upfront for an efficient use of resources and whenever sampling efficiency is critical.
A hybrid empirical and parametric approach for managing ecosystem complexity: Water quality in Lake Geneva under nonstationary futures
Authors: Deyle Ethan R. , Bouffard Damien , Frossard Victor , Schwefel Robert , Melack John , Sugihara George 
Published: June 2022

Severe deterioration of water quality in lakes, characterized by overabundance of algae and declining dissolved oxygen in the deep lake (DO
B
), was one of the ecological crises of the 20th century. Even with large reductions in phosphorus loading, termed “reoligotrophication,” DO
B
and chlorophyll (CHL) have often not returned to their expected pre–20th-century levels. Concurrently, management of lake health has been confounded by possible consequences of climate change, particularly since the effects of climate are not neatly separable from the effects of eutrophication. Here, using Lake Geneva as an iconic example, we demonstrate a complementary alternative to parametric models for understanding and managing lake systems. This involves establishing an empirically-driven baseline that uses supervised machine learning to capture the changing interdependencies among biogeochemical variables and then combining the empirical model with a more conventional equation-based model of lake physics to predict DO
B
over decadal time-scales. The hybrid model not only leads to substantially better forecasts, but also to a more actionable description of the emergent rates and processes (biogeochemical, ecological, etc.) that drive water quality. Notably, the hybrid model suggests that the impact of a moderate 3°C air temperature increase on water quality would be on the same order as the eutrophication of the previous century. The study provides a template and a practical path forward to cope with shifts in ecology to manage environmental systems for non-analogue futures.
Residual neuromuscular fatigue influences subsequent on‐court activity in basketball
Authors: Palmer Jodie A. , Bini Rodrigo R. , Wundersitz Daniel W. T. , Kingsley Michael I. C. 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine if residual neuromuscular fatigue influenced subsequent match and training activity in professional women's basketball. Prior to matches and training sessions throughout a season, players performed countermovement jumps while wearing a magnetic, angular rate and gravity (acceleration) sensor on their upper back. Flight time to contraction time ratio was used to determine neuromuscular performance and to identify neuromuscular fatigue. Average session intensity and volume, the proportion of live time spent in different intensity bands (matches), and absolute and relative time spent in different intensity bands (training) were quantified using accelerometry. Residual neuromuscular fatigue was deemed to be present when the decrement in neuromuscular performance relative to pre‐season baseline was greater than the smallest worthwhile change. Players displayed residual neuromuscular fatigue before 16% of matches and 33% of training sessions. When players were fatigued prior to matches, the proportion of live time undertaking supramaximal activity was 5.7% less (p = 0.02) and moderate‐vigorous activity was 3.7% more than when not fatigued (p = 0.02). When fatigued prior to training, the players displayed a 2.6% decrement in average intensity (p = 0.02), 2.8% decrement in absolute (p = 0.01) and 5.0% decrement in relative (p = 0.01) maximal activity, as well as 13.3% decrement in absolute (p < 0.01) and 6.8% decrement in relative (p < 0.01) supramaximal activity when compared to not being fatigued. These findings suggest that residual neuromuscular fatigue influences players’ ability to perform supramaximal activity, which highlights the importance of monitoring neuromuscular performance throughout a professional season.
Publication trends in cochlear implantation outcome measures
Authors: Sethukumar Priya , Amin Nikul , Hall Andrew , Nash Robert 
Published: June 2022

Objective
To review trends in outcome domains and instruments reported by modern researchers in 100 consecutively published articles on cochlear implantation (CI).

Methods
Retrograde literature review of Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Databases of 100 consecutive scientific publications. Outcome domains and instruments from each included study were extracted in categories: speech perception, speech development, sound perception, electrophysiological and quality of life.

Results
61 studies met inclusion criteria. 84 outcome measures were reported in total across all 61 studies. Across the 42 studies reporting speech perception, 31 different measures were utilised. Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Consonant Nucleus Consonant (CNC) were the most frequently used instruments. Nine studies reported speech development, with 11 different instruments used. Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) was most frequently used instrument. Sixteen studies reported on sound perception, with Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) being the most frequently used instrument. Eleven studies reported six different electrophysiological instruments, with Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) being used most frequently used. Two studies measured quality of life outcome, with three instruments used.

Conclusion
This study confirms a large degree of CI outcome heterogeneity within the peer reviewed literature. Determining consensus on core outcome domains and recommended instruments may increase the future impact and generalisability of work undertaken.
Four statements and a storyline – discourses in urban green transformation
Authors: Skorstad Berit , Mohus Thina 
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
As global society acknowledges the need for fundamental changes because of the climate crisis, local communities are addressing this need in diverse ways. This article uses discourse analysis to examine official documents and interviews with key actors in a Norwegian city that describes itself as future-oriented and ready for fundamental green transformation. The city is planning a large-scale urban green development project to improve mobility, infrastructure, waste treatment, and renovation. There are few critical voices and there is support from all political parties in the municipality. The findings indicate that the restructuring projects, although highly original, have a pragmatic foundation. Our findings illustrate how crisis communication can be transformed from a problem-oriented, prosaic, and even paralysing narrative to an optimistic, opportunistic, and imaginative storyline. However, the findings also reveal a ‘discourse coalition’ of technocrats and administrators characterised by competition, market and administrative logics, signalling the depoliticisation of local climate politics.
On the dielectric and mechanical characterization of tissue‐mimicking breast phantoms
Authors: Di Meo Simona , Cannatà Alessia , Morganti Simone , Matrone Giulia , Pasian Marco 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. In this paper, we focus on the dielectric and mechanical characterization of tissue-mimicking breast phantoms. Approach. Starting from recipes previously proposed by our research group, based on easy-to-handle, cheap and safe components (i.e. sunflower oil, deionized water, dishwashing liquid and gelatin), we produced and tested, both dielectrically and mechanically, more than 100 samples. The dielectric properties were measured from 500 MHz to 14 GHz, the Cole–Cole parameters were derived to describe the dielectric behaviour in a broader frequency range, and the results were compared with dielectric properties of human breast ex vivo tissues up to 50 GHz. The macroscale mechanical properties were measured by means of unconfined compression tests, and the impact of the experimental conditions (i.e. preload and test speed) on the measured Young’s moduli was analysed. In addition, the mechanical contrast between healthy- and malignant-tissue-like phantoms was evaluated. Main results. The results agree with the literature in the cases in which the experimental conditions are known, demonstrating the possibility to fabricate phantoms able to mimic both dielectric and mechanical properties of breast tissues. Significance. In this work, for the first time, a range of materials reproducing all the categories of breast tissues were experimentally characterized, both from a dielectric and mechanical point of view. A large range of frequency were considered for the dielectric measurements and several combinations of experimental conditions were investigated in the context of the mechanical characterization. The proposed results can be useful in the design and testing of complementary or supplementary techniques for breast cancer detection based on micro/millimetre-waves, possibly in connection with other imaging modalities.
LRR-CED: low-resolution reconstruction-aware convolutional encoder–decoder network for direct sparse-view CT image reconstruction
Authors: Kandarpa V S S , Perelli Alessandro , Bousse Alexandre , Visvikis Dimitris 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective. Sparse-view computed tomography (CT) reconstruction has been at the forefront of research in medical imaging. Reducing the total x-ray radiation dose to the patient while preserving the reconstruction accuracy is a big challenge. The sparse-view approach is based on reducing the number of rotation angles, which leads to poor quality reconstructed images as it introduces several artifacts. These artifacts are more clearly visible in traditional reconstruction methods like the filtered-backprojection (FBP) algorithm. Approach. Over the years, several model-based iterative and more recently deep learning-based methods have been proposed to improve sparse-view CT reconstruction. Many deep learning-based methods improve FBP-reconstructed images as a post-processing step. In this work, we propose a direct deep learning-based reconstruction that exploits the information from low-dimensional scout images, to learn the projection-to-image mapping. This is done by concatenating FBP scout images at multiple resolutions in the decoder part of a convolutional encoder–decoder (CED). Main results. This approach is investigated on two different networks, based on Dense Blocks and U-Net to show that a direct mapping can be learned from a sinogram to an image. The results are compared to two post-processing deep learning methods (FBP-ConvNet and DD-Net) and an iterative method that uses a total variation (TV) regularization. Significance. This work presents a novel method that uses information from both sinogram and low-resolution scout images for sparse-view CT image reconstruction. We also generalize this idea by demonstrating results with two different neural networks. This work is in the direction of exploring deep learning across the various stages of the image reconstruction pipeline involving data correction, domain transfer and image improvement.
Investigation of the complex magnetic behavior of Ni46.86Co2.91Mn38.17Sn12.06 (at%) magnetic shape memory alloy at low temperatures
Authors: Yıldırım Oğuz , Yuce Suheyla , Bruno Nickolaus M , Doğan Emel Kilit , Yurtseven Hamit , Duman Eyup , Emre Baris 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The magnetic properties, martensitic transformation characteristics, the magnetic field-induced transformation characteristics, and super spin-glass behaviour at low temperature of Ni46.86Co2.91Mn38.17Sn12.06 (at%) magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) were investigated under various magnetic field levels over temperature intervals from 400 K to 10 K. We observe a small magnetization difference during the martensitic transition evidenced with a visible thermal hysteresis. To investigate the magnetic field induced phase fraction, the minimum magnetic field required to start and complete the magnetostructural phase transition is computed. Super-spin glass features in magnetic data are observed that interacting magnetic clusters are frozen below a critical temperature. Magnetization is computed as a function of temperature at various constant fields using molecular field theory. The critical exponent, β is deduced for the temperature-induced magnetization, which indicates that the MSMA exhibited ferromagnetic ordering during field-cooling and on heating an antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures and in low applied magnetic fields. These observations are consistent within the framework of an Ising or Heisenberg model.
NRC measurement set-up and preparatory work for CCT-K7.2021 key comparison of triple-point-of-water cells
Authors: Peruzzi Andrea , Dedyulin Sergey 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper describes the NRC measurement set-up and the preparatory work for the CCT-K7.2021 key comparison (KC) of triple-point-of-water (TPW) cells. The preparatory work at NRC (charged with piloting the KC) included a comprehensive testing of the measurement set-up, the definition of the new NRC national standard for the TPW temperature, and the evaluation of the uncertainty budgets relevant for this KC. The new NRC TPW national standard is composed of an ensemble of ten fused silica TPW cells, characterized in both their isotopic composition and impurity content. Three uncertainty budgets were evaluated, corresponding to three different cases involved in the measurements at the pilot laboratory: (a) the temperature difference between two TPW cells, which amounted to 26 μK (k = 2), (b) the temperature difference between a TPW cell and NRC national reference, which amounted to 35 μK (k = 2) and (c) the temperature difference between a comparison participant’s transfer cell and the comparison reference, composed of the average of two NRC national reference cells, which amounted to 19 μK (k = 2).
On the dimension of angles and their units
Authors: Mohr Peter J , Shirley Eric L , Phillips William D , Trott Michael 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We show the implications of angles having their own dimension, which facilitates a consistent use of units as is done for lengths, masses, and other physical quantities. We do this by examining the properties of complete trigonometric and exponential functions that are generalizations of the corresponding functions that have dimensionless numbers for arguments. These generalizations provide functions of angles with the dimension of angle as arguments, but with no reference to units. This parallels most equations in physics which are valid for any units. This property also provides a consistent framework for including quantities involving angles in computer algebra programs without ambiguity that may otherwise occur. This is in contrast to the conventional practice in scientific applications involving trigonometric or exponential functions of angles where it is assumed that the argument is the numerical part of the angle when expressed in units of radians. That practice also assumes that the functions are the corresponding radian-based versions. These assumptions allow angles to be treated as if they had no dimension and no units, an approach that can lead to important difficulties such as incorrect factors of 2π, which can be avoided by assigning an independent dimension to angles.