bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B12 and gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Xue , Du Yushan , Xia Shuangbo , Li Zhiwen , Liu Jufen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe relationship between vitamin B12 and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains controversial. To comprehensively evaluate the relationship between vitamin B12 and GDM, and to provide more information on GDM prevention, this study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of vitamin B12 and GDM. As of September 22, 2021, 304 articles were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases, of which 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results presented there was no association between maternal vitamin B12 concentration during the first trimester with GDM, however, low vitamin B12 concentration in the second or third trimester of pregnancy was related to an increased risk of GDM. Compared with the non-GDM group, the vitamin B12 concentration in the GDM group was remarkably decreased (MD: –10·79; 95%CI: –21·37, –0·21), and vitamin B12 deficiency increased the risk for GDM (OR: 1·59; 95%CI: 1·10, 2·29). These effects were more significant among Asians. In addition, an increased ratio of high folate to low vitamin B12 in serum also increased the risk of GDM (OR: 1·87; 95% CI: 1·46, 2·41). These results suggest that more vitamin B12 may need to be provided during pregnancy.
Daoism and Ming rulership: on the authenticity of Jiajing's preface to theScripture of the Three Offices
Authors: Schachter Bony 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article examines Jiajing's (Zhu Houcong 朱厚熜, 1507–67) preface to theScripture of the Three Offices(Sanguan jing三官經, hereafter,Scripture). The first section discusses the provenance of Jiajing's preface, and shows that the preface is preserved in theExplanation(Sanguan jing zhujie三官經註解), an unstudied edition of theScriptureproduced in 1876. The second section offers a comparison between theExplanationand Ming editions of theScripture. Relying on this comparison, the third section examines the role of Jiajing in the text's editorial history. Three aspects of the imperial preface support its authenticity: its description of Jiajing's lost imperial edition; its stance on local religious narratives; and its connection with Jiajing's early scholarly and political concerns. In examining the authenticity of Jiajing's preface, the article discusses the role of Daoist resources in shaping Ming imperial discourses on rulership.
The effects of a sugar-sweetened beverage tax: moving beyond dental health outcomes and service utilisation
Authors: Sowa P. Marcin , Birch Stephen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDespite considerable academic and policy interest in the taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), its extra-health implications remain largely unexplored. We investigated the impact of an SSB tax on school absenteeism due to improved dental health, in a framework that accounted for the distribution of the benefit. We designed a quantitative, decision-analytic model that synthesised existing evidence in the areas of dental epidemiology, public health and economics, and simulated causal mechanisms that lead to changes in school attendance in Australian children and adolescents aged 6–17, in a tax vs no tax scenarios. Introducing a 20% sales tax on SSBs would result in a 0.73% (95% confidence interval: 0.38; 1.10), or 4684 (2412; 7071) days per year nationwide, reduction in school absences attributable to dental health reasons. While positive impacts would be seen across the board, the distribution of benefit was favourable towards boys, older teens and those from lower socio-economic status. Our study highlights the need for, and the viability of, quantifying distributions of direct and indirect consequences of public health policy. Despite modest effect size, the equity profile of SSB tax, the long-lasting benefits of educational gains, and potential synergies with other interventions, make it an attractive option for policymakers to consider.
Statistics of Whistler‐Mode Waves in the Near‐Earth Plasma Sheet
Authors: Gao L. , Vainchtein D. , Artemyev A. V. , Zhang X.‐J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractElectromagnetic whistler‐mode waves are among the wave modes mainly responsible for energetic electron scattering and acceleration in the inner magnetosphere and near‐Earth plasma sheet. Although whistler‐driven electron precipitation significantly contributes to diffuse aurora at large L‐shells of ∼9–13, all existing empirical models of whistler‐mode waves are limited to the inner magnetosphere, at L < 9. This study aims to utilize more than 10 years of Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms observations to investigate main properties of whistler‐mode waves in the near‐Earth plasma sheet. We reveal relations between wave intensity and characteristics of the anisotropic electron population. We showed that in 99% of whistler wave events, the observed , mean wave frequency 〈f〉, and wave spectrum width Δf are consistent with expectations from the quasi‐linear theory of wave‐particle resonant interactions. Based on these statistics, we built an empirical model of , 〈f〉, and Δf as a function of L‐shell and MLT. This model extends existing inner magnetosphere models to a higher L‐shell range.
Observation of the hyperfine structure and anticrossings of hyperfine levels in the luminescence spectra of LiYF4:Ho3+
Authors: Boldyrev Kirill N. , Malkin Boris Z. , Popova Marina N. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractResolved hyperfine structure and narrow inhomogeneously broadened lines in the optical spectra of a rare-earth-doped crystal are favorable for the implementation of various sensors. Here, a well-resolved hyperfine structure in the photoluminescence spectra of LiYF4:Ho single crystals and the anticrossings of hyperfine levels in a magnetic field are demonstrated using a self-made setup based on a Bruker 125HR high-resolution Fourier spectrometer. This is the first observation of the resolved hyperfine structure and anticrossing hyperfine levels in the luminescence spectra of a crystal. The narrowest spectral linewidth is only 0.0022 cm−1. This fact together with a large value of the magnetic g factor of several crystal-field states creates prerequisites for developing magnetic field sensors, which can be in demand in modern quantum information technology devices operating at low temperatures. Very small random lattice strains characterizing the quality of a crystal can be detected using anticrossing points.
Microdosing with psilocybin mushrooms: a double-blind placebo-controlled study
Authors: Cavanna Federico , Muller Stephanie , de la Fuente Laura Alethia , Zamberlan Federico , Palmucci Matías , Janeckova Lucie , Kuchar Martin , Pallavicini Carla , Tagliazucchi Enzo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of low sub-perceptual doses of psychedelics (“microdosing”) has gained popularity in recent years. Although anecdotal reports claim multiple benefits associated with this practice, the lack of placebo-controlled studies severely limits our knowledge of microdosing and its effects. Moreover, research conducted in standard laboratory settings could fail to capture the motivation of individuals engaged or planning to engage in microdosing protocols, thus underestimating the likelihood of positive effects on creativity and cognitive function. We recruited 34 individuals starting to microdose with psilocybin mushrooms (Psilocybe cubensis), one of the materials most frequently used for this purpose. Following a double-blind placebo-controlled experimental design, we investigated the acute and short-term effects of 0.5 g of dried mushrooms on subjective experience, behavior, creativity (divergent and convergent thinking), perception, cognition, and brain activity. The reported acute effects were significantly more intense for the active dose compared to the placebo, but only for participants who correctly identified their experimental condition. These changes were accompanied by reduced EEG power in the theta band, together with preserved levels of Lempel-Ziv broadband signal complexity. For all other measurements there was no effect of microdosing except for few small changes towards cognitive impairment. According to our findings, low doses of psilocybin mushrooms can result in noticeable subjective effects and altered EEG rhythms, but without evidence to support enhanced well-being, creativity and cognitive function. We conclude that expectation underlies at least some of the anecdotal benefits attributed to microdosing with psilocybin mushrooms.
Human-specific gene CT47 blocks PRMT5 degradation to lead to meiosis arrest
Authors: Li Chao , Feng Yuming , Fu Zhenxin , Deng Junjie , Gu Yue , Wang Hanben , Wu Xin , Huang Zhengyun , Zhu Yichen , Liu Zhiwei , Huang Moli , Wang Tao , Hu Shijun , Yao Bing , Zeng Yizhun , Zhou Chengji J. , Brown Steve D. M. , Liu Yi , Vidal-Puig Antonio , Dong Yingying , Xu Ying 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExploring the functions of human-specific genes (HSGs) is challenging due to the lack of a tractable genetic model system. Testosterone is essential for maintaining human spermatogenesis and fertility, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we identified Cancer/Testis Antigen gene family 47 (CT47) as an essential regulator of human-specific spermatogenesis by stabilizing arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). A humanized mouse model revealed that CT47 functions to arrest spermatogenesis by interacting with and regulating CT47/PRMT5 accumulation in the nucleus during the leptotene/zygotene-to-pachytene transition of meiosis. We demonstrate that testosterone induces nuclear depletion of CT47/PRMT5 and rescues leptotene-arrested spermatocyte progression in humanized testes. Loss of CT47 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by CRISPR/Cas9 led to an increase in haploid cells but blocked the testosterone-induced increase in haploid cells when hESCs were differentiated into haploid spermatogenic cells. Moreover, CT47 levels were decreased in nonobstructive azoospermia. Together, these results established CT47 as a crucial regulator of human spermatogenesis by preventing meiosis initiation before the testosterone surge.
A Ctnnb1 enhancer regulates neocortical neurogenesis by controlling the abundance of intermediate progenitors
Authors: Wang Junbao , Wang Andi , Tian Kuan , Hua Xiaojiao , Zhang Bo , Zheng Yue , Kong Xiangfei , Li Wei , Xu Lichao , Wang Juan , Li Zhiqiang , Liu Ying , Zhou Yan 
Published: August 2022

Abstractβ-catenin-dependent canonical Wnt signaling plays a plethora of roles in neocortex (Ncx) development, but its function in regulating the abundance of intermediate progenitors (IPs) is elusive. Here we identified neCtnnb1, an evolutionarily conserved cis-regulatory element with typical enhancer features in developing Ncx. neCtnnb1 locates 55 kilobase upstream of and spatially close to the promoter of Ctnnb1, the gene encoding β-catenin. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated activation or interference of the neCtnnb1 locus enhanced or inhibited transcription of Ctnnb1. neCtnnb1 drove transcription predominantly in the subventricular zone of developing Ncx. Knock-out of neCtnnb1 in mice resulted in compromised expression of Ctnnb1 and the Wnt reporter in developing Ncx. Importantly, knock-out of neCtnnb1 lead to reduced production and transit-amplification of IPs, which subsequently generated fewer upper-layer Ncx projection neurons (PNs). In contrast, enhancing the canonical Wnt signaling by stabilizing β-catenin in neCtnnb1-active cells promoted the production of IPs and upper-layer Ncx PNs. ASH2L was identified as the key trans-acting factor that associates with neCtnnb1 and Ctnnb1’s promoter to maintain Ctnnb1’s transcription in both mouse and human Ncx progenitors. These findings advance understanding of transcriptional regulation of Ctnnb1, and provide insights into mechanisms underlying Ncx expansion during development.
Single-cell analysis reveals differences among iNKT cells colonizing peripheral organs and identifies Klf2 as a key gene for iNKT emigration
Authors: Wang Jie , Loveless Ian , Adrianto Indra , Liu Tingting , Subedi Kalpana , Wu Xiaojun , Hossain Md Moazzem , Sebzda Eric , Zhou Li , Mi Qing-Sheng 
Published: August 2022

AbstractInvariant natural killer T cell (iNKT) subsets are differentially distributed in various immune organs. However, it remains unclear whether iNKT cells exhibit phenotypical and functional differences in different peripheral organs and how thymic iNKT cells emigrate to peripheral organs. Here, we used single-cell RNA-seq to map iNKT cells from peripheral organs. iNKT1 cells from liver, spleen, and lymph node appear to have distinct phenotypic profiles and functional capabilities. However, iNKT17 transcriptomes were comparable across peripheral organs. In addition, by integrating data with a thymic iNKT cell study, we uncovered a transient population of recent thymic emigrants, a cluster of peripheral iNKT cells with high expression of transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 (Klf2). Deletion of Klf2 led to a severe impairment of iNKT differentiation and migration. Our study revealed that iNKT subsets are uniquely distributed in peripheral organs with some inter-local tissue variation, especially for iNKT1 cell, and identified Klf2 as a rheostat for iNKT cell migration and differentiation.
Coarse sea spray inhibits lightning
Authors: Pan Zengxin , Mao Feiyue , Rosenfeld Daniel , Zhu Yannian , Zang Lin , Lu Xin , Thornton Joel A. , Holzworth Robert H. , Yin Jianhua , Efraim Avichay , Gong Wei 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe known effects of thermodynamics and aerosols can well explain the thunderstorm activity over land, but fail over oceans. Here, tracking the full lifecycle of tropical deep convective cloud clusters shows that adding fine aerosols significantly increases the lightning density for a given rainfall amount over both ocean and land. In contrast, adding coarse sea salt (dry radius > 1 μm), known as sea spray, weakens the cloud vigor and lightning by producing fewer but larger cloud drops, which accelerate warm rain at the expense of mixed-phase precipitation. Adding coarse sea spray can reduce the lightning by 90% regardless of fine aerosol loading. These findings reconcile long outstanding questions about the differences between continental and marine thunderstorms, and help to understand lightning and underlying aerosol-cloud-precipitation interaction mechanisms and their climatic effects.
Comprehensive genomic and epigenomic analysis in cancer of unknown primary guides molecularly-informed therapies despite heterogeneity
Authors: Möhrmann Lino , Werner Maximilian , Oleś Małgorzata , Mock Andreas , Uhrig Sebastian , Jahn Arne , Kreutzfeldt Simon , Fröhlich Martina , Hutter Barbara , Paramasivam Nagarajan , Richter Daniela , Beck Katja , Winter Ulrike , Pfütze Katrin , Heilig Christoph E. , Teleanu Veronica , Lipka Daniel B. , Zapatka Marc , Hanf Dorothea , List Catrin , Allgäuer Michael , Penzel Roland , Rüter Gina , Jelas Ivan , Hamacher Rainer , Falkenhorst Johanna , Wagner Sebastian , Brandts Christian H. , Boerries Melanie , Illert Anna L. , Metzeler Klaus H. , Westphalen C. Benedikt , Desuki Alexander , Kindler Thomas , Folprecht Gunnar , Weichert Wilko , Brors Benedikt , Stenzinger Albrecht , Schröck Evelin , Hübschmann Daniel , Horak Peter , Heining Christoph , Fröhling Stefan , Glimm Hanno 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe benefit of molecularly-informed therapies in cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is unclear. Here, we use comprehensive molecular characterization by whole genome/exome, transcriptome and methylome analysis in 70 CUP patients to reveal substantial mutational heterogeneity with TP53, MUC16, KRAS, LRP1B and CSMD3 being the most frequently mutated known cancer-related genes. The most common fusion partner is FGFR2, the most common focal homozygous deletion affects CDKN2A. 56/70 (80%) patients receive genomics-based treatment recommendations which are applied in 20/56 (36%) cases. Transcriptome and methylome data provide evidence for the underlying entity in 62/70 (89%) cases. Germline analysis reveals five (likely) pathogenic mutations in five patients. Recommended off-label therapies translate into a mean PFS ratio of 3.6 with a median PFS1 of 2.9 months (17 patients) and a median PFS2 of 7.8 months (20 patients). Our data emphasize the clinical value of molecular analysis and underline the need for innovative, mechanism-based clinical trials.
Steering the multiexciton generation in slip-stacked perylene dye array via exciton coupling
Authors: Hong Yongseok , Rudolf Maximilian , Kim Munnyon , Kim Juno , Schembri Tim , Krause Ana-Maria , Shoyama Kazutaka , Bialas David , Röhr Merle I. S. , Joo Taiha , Kim Hyungjun , Kim Dongho , Würthner Frank 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDye arrays from dimers up to larger oligomers constitute the functional units of natural light harvesting systems as well as organic photonic and photovoltaic materials. Whilst in the past decades many photophysical studies were devoted to molecular dimers for deriving structure-property relationship to unravel the design principles for ideal optoelectronic materials, they fail to accomplish the subsequent processes of charge carrier generation or the detachment of two triplet species in singlet fission (SF). Here, we present a slip-stacked perylene bisimide trimer, which constitutes a bridge between hitherto studied dimer and solid-state materials, to investigate SF mechanisms. This work showcases multiple pathways towards the multiexciton state through direct or excimer-mediated mechanisms by depending upon interchromophoric interaction. These results suggest the comprehensive role of the exciton coupling, exciton delocalization, and excimer state to facilitate the SF process. In this regard, our observations expand the fundamental understanding the structure-property relationship in dye arrays.
Small-world complex network generation on a digital quantum processor
Authors: Jones Eric B. , Hillberry Logan E. , Jones Matthew T. , Fasihi Mina , Roushan Pedram , Jiang Zhang , Ho Alan , Neill Charles , Ostby Eric , Graf Peter , Kapit Eliot , Carr Lincoln D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractQuantum cellular automata (QCA) evolve qubits in a quantum circuit depending only on the states of their neighborhoods and model how rich physical complexity can emerge from a simple set of underlying dynamical rules. The inability of classical computers to simulate large quantum systems hinders the elucidation of quantum cellular automata, but quantum computers offer an ideal simulation platform. Here, we experimentally realize QCA on a digital quantum processor, simulating a one-dimensional Goldilocks rule on chains of up to 23 superconducting qubits. We calculate calibrated and error-mitigated population dynamics and complex network measures, which indicate the formation of small-world mutual information networks. These networks decohere at fixed circuit depth independent of system size, the largest of which corresponding to 1,056 two-qubit gates. Such computations may enable the employment of QCA in applications like the simulation of strongly-correlated matter or beyond-classical computational demonstrations.
Fundamental investigations on the sodium-ion transport properties of mixed polyanion solid-state battery electrolytes
Authors: Deng Zeyu , Mishra Tara P. , Mahayoni Eunike , Ma Qianli , Tieu Aaron Jue Kang , Guillon Olivier , Chotard Jean-Noël , Seznec Vincent , Cheetham Anthony K. , Masquelier Christian , Gautam Gopalakrishnan Sai , Canepa Pieremanuele 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLithium and sodium (Na) mixed polyanion solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries display some of the highest ionic conductivities reported to date. However, the effect of polyanion mixing on the ion-transport properties is still not fully understood. Here, we focus on Na1+xZr2SixP3−xO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) NASICON electrolyte to elucidate the role of polyanion mixing on the Na-ion transport properties. Although NASICON is a widely investigated system, transport properties derived from experiments or theory vary by orders of magnitude. We use more than 2000 distinct ab initio-based kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to map the compositional space of NASICON over various time ranges, spatial resolutions and temperatures. Via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements on samples with different sodium content, we find that the highest ionic conductivity (i.e., about 0.165 S cm–1 at 473 K) is experimentally achieved in Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12, in line with simulations (i.e., about 0.170 S cm–1 at 473 K). The theoretical studies indicate that doped NASICON compounds (especially those with a silicon content x ≥ 2.4) can improve the Na-ion mobility compared to undoped NASICON compositions.
Sources of dehydration fluids underneath the Kamchatka arc
Authors: Shu Yunchao , Nielsen Sune G. , Le Roux Veronique , Wörner Gerhard , Blusztajn Jerzy , Auro Maureen 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFluids mediate the transport of subducted slab material and play a crucial role in the generation of arc magmas. However, the source of subduction-derived fluids remains debated. The Kamchatka arc is an ideal subduction zone to identify the source of fluids because the arc magmas are comparably mafic, their source appears to be essentially free of subducted sediment-derived components, and subducted Hawaii-Emperor Seamount Chain (HESC) is thought to contribute a substantial fluid flux to the Kamchatka magmas. Here we show that Tl isotope ratios are unique tracers of HESC contribution to Kamchatka arc magma sources. In conjunction with trace element ratios and literature data, we trace the progressive dehydration and melting of subducted HESC across the Kamchatka arc. In succession, serpentine (<100 km depth), lawsonite (100–250 km depth) and phengite (>250 km depth) break down and produce fluids that contribute to arc magmatism at the Eastern Volcanic Front (EVF), Central Kamchatka Depression (CKD), and Sredinny Ridge (SR), respectively. However, given the Tl-poor nature of serpentine and lawsonite fluids, simultaneous melting of subducted HESC is required to explain the HESC-like Tl isotope signatures observed in EVF and CKD lavas. In the absence of eclogitic crust melting processes in this region of the Kamchatka arc, we propose that progressive dehydration and melting of a HESC-dominated mélange offers the most compelling interpretation of the combined isotope and trace element data.
Ribosome impairment regulates intestinal stem cell identity via ZAKɑ activation
Authors: Silva Joana , Alkan Ferhat , Ramalho Sofia , Snieckute Goda , Prekovic Stefan , Garcia Ana Krotenberg , Hernández-Pérez Santiago , van der Kammen Rob , Barnum Danielle , Hoekman Liesbeth , Altelaar Maarten , Zwart Wilbert , Suijkerbuijk Saskia Jacoba Elisabeth , Bekker-Jensen Simon , Faller William James 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe small intestine is a rapidly proliferating organ that is maintained by a small population of Lgr5-expressing intestinal stem cells (ISCs). However, several Lgr5-negative ISC populations have been identified, and this remarkable plasticity allows the intestine to rapidly respond to both the local environment and to damage. However, the mediators of such plasticity are still largely unknown. Using intestinal organoids and mouse models, we show that upon ribosome impairment (driven by Rptor deletion, amino acid starvation, or low dose cyclohexamide treatment) ISCs gain an Lgr5-negative, fetal-like identity. This is accompanied by a rewiring of metabolism. Our findings suggest that the ribosome can act as a sensor of nutrient availability, allowing ISCs to respond to the local nutrient environment. Mechanistically, we show that this phenotype requires the activation of ZAKɑ, which in turn activates YAP, via SRC. Together, our data reveals a central role for ribosome dynamics in intestinal stem cells, and identify the activation of ZAKɑ as a critical mediator of stem cell identity.