bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salinity Effects on Germination, Growth, and Yield of Two Squash Cultivars
Authors: Francois L. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The salt tolerance of 2 squash cultivars (Cucurbita pepo L. ‘White Bush Scallop’ and ‘Aristocrat Zucchini’) was determined in artificially salinized field plots. Saline treatments were imposed by irrigating with water that contained equal weights of NaCl and CaCl2. Relative yields of ‘Scallop’ and ‘Zucchini’ fruit were reduced 15.9% and 14.7% for each unit increase in salinity of saturated soil extracts (κe) above 3.2 and 6.0 decisiemens per meter (dS/m), respectively [dS/m = millimhos per centimeter (mmho/cm)]. ‘Scallop’ was moderately sensitive and Zucchini moderately tolerant to salinity for both fruit yield and vegetative growth. Germination response to salinity was determined in the laboratory using artificialiv-salinized sand cultures. Both cultivars proved to be more salt-tolerant during germination than during vegetative, flowering, or fruiting stages of growth.
Inheritance of Resistance to Rhizoctonia Fruit Rot in Cucumber
Authors: Sloane Joseph T. , Wehner Todd C. , Jenkins Samuel F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A wide-base pickling cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) population was formed by intercrossing all available cucumber lines (1063) and selecting for short fruit length. After intercrossing twice, 112 S0 plants and their half-sib progeny were evaluated for Rhizoctonia fruit rot resistance using a detached-fruit test. Parent-offspring regression indicated a narrow-sense heritability of 0.24, considered low to moderate. Gain from selection was calculated for 2 recurrent selection systems. Based on the heritability estimate, selection using replicated progeny rows was recommended for improving resistance to this trait.
UGA 1113MT and UGA 1160MT Metribuzin-tolerant Tomato Germplasm
Authors: Phatak Sharad C. , Jaworski Casimir A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The herbicide metribuzin is registered for use on tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). It is applied either preplant incorporated or postemergence. However, severe injury occurs when postemergence applications are made during low light conditions (1,2, 4, 5, 6). UGA 1113MT and UGA 1160MT are being released as sources of tolerance to metribuzin; both lines have exhibited excellent tolerance (no injury) to metribuzin applications (up to 16-times the recommended rate of 1.12 kg/ha) made during cloudy weather. Chemical name used: 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4-H)-one (metribuzin).
‘Melogold‘, A Triploid Pummelo – Grapefruit Hybrid
Authors: Soost R. K. , Cameron J. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Melogold’ is an early-maturing, seedless, hybrid grapefruit-type citrus released for use in interior areas of California. It may be suitable for intermediate climate zones in other citrus areas. Fruit quality has not been satisfactory in cool, humid climates nor in hot desert areas.
‘Harrow Diamond’ Peach
Authors: Layne Richard E. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Harrrow Diamond’ is an attractive, cold-hardy, productive, peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] that ripens 1 day before ‘Candor’ and ‘Earlired’ and is being introduced for the early fresh market. The name was chosen to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the founding of the Harrow Research Station. ‘Harrow Diamond’ has performed better than ‘Candor’ or ‘Earlired’ at Harrow. It is more cold-hardy, productive, vigorous and resistant to perennial canker (Leucostoma spp.) than ‘Candor’, and is more productive and substantially more resistant to split pits than ‘Earlired’. It is more resistant to flesh browning than ‘Candor’ or ‘Earlired’.
‘Centennial Spirit’ Crapemyrtle
Authors: Whitcomb Carl E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Centennial Spirit’ crapemyrtle, Lagerstroemia indica L., is a vigorous upright shrub with strong stems which may reach 2 to 3 m. Leaves are smaller and thicker than the species, and are dark green and red-orange in the fall. Inflorescences are 20 to 30 cm tall and 10 to 20 cm wide. Petals are dark wine-red. ‘Centennial Sprint’ is cold-hardy to −20°C and is very resistant to drought and powdery mildew.
‘Redlands Long White’ Cucumber
Authors: Saranah S. , Herrington M. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Redlands Long White’ cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was developed by Redlands Horticultural Station to provide the Queensland cucumber industry, seedsmen, and breeders with a high quality white-skinned long cucumber. In addition to high consumer acceptability, ‘Redlands Long White’ is productive and has resistance to downy mildew [Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk, et Curt) Rost.] and should carry resistance to some isolates of powdery mildew [Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht ex Fr.) Poll.].
Techniques for Water-use Measurements of Crop Plants
Authors: Kirkham M. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Horticultural crops use a large amount of good quality water. For example, in the dry west of the United States, nearly one-half of the domestic water supply is applied to lawns and ornamental plants (42, 61). In order not to waste water, it should be applied only when the plants are under drought stress. To determine when supplemental irrigation is required, plant water status needs to be measured. The objective of this paper is to outline instruments now being used to measure the water status of plants. In particular, instruments that monitor water potential, osmotic potential, turgor potential, stomatal resistance (reciprocal of stomatal conductance), and canopy temperature are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of these measurements are described. Previous reviews on instruments for plant-water studies include those by Barrs (2), Monteith (96), Slavik (136), Turner (159), Squire, Black, and Gregory (139), and Hanan (50). Plant-water measurements made on some specific horticultural crops have been detailed. These crops and the references are as follows: citrus (Fortunella, Poncirus, Citrus) (74), apple (Malus) (79), peach (Prunus) (26), grape (Vitis) (137), and small fruits [strawberry (Fragaria, blueberry (Vaccinium), raspberry (Rubus), cranberry (Vaccinium), gooseberry (Ribes), and currant (Ribes)] (35).
The Asparagus Industry of Washington
Authors: Bienz Darrel R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Asparagus officinalis, a plant species of the lily family native to the Middle East, has a colorful history. It has been used by mankind as an ornamental, a medicine, an aphrodisiac, and as a food to improve strength and virility of the fighting men of ancient armies. Mostly though it has been and is a nutritious vegetable that adds variety, flavor, and color to meals during a period when few other vegetables are in season.
Ethylene in the Production of Belgian Endive
Authors: De Proft Maurice , De Greef Jan , Van Nerum Karel , Goffings Guy 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We have strong indications that ethylene stimulated flower induction and growth of Belgian endive (Cichorium intybus var. Foliosus) plants grown in darkness for consumption as a vegetable. Our results suggest that we apply these findings in the culture of Belgian endive.
Effects of Wirestem, Wind Injury, and Iprodione on Yields of Six Broccoli Cultivars
Authors: Kahn Brian A. , Conway Kenneth E. , Fisher Christine G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Six cultivars of broccoli [Brassica oleracea L. (Italica Group)] were grown from transplants in Spring and Fall 1984 at Bixby, Okla. The objectives were to evaluate yield losses due to wirestem (caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) and/or wind injury, cultivar differences in susceptibility, and fungicide effectiveness. Fungicide treatments included an untreated control and application of iprodione at 1.14 kg·ha−1 as either a drench with the starter fertilizer solution or through sprinkler irrigation (chemigation). Iprodione seemed useful for control of R. solani, although the proportion of injured plants infected by R. solani was significantly reduced only in the fall. However, the fungicide treatments did not increase marketable yields significantly over the control. No significant differences in susceptibility to R. solani were shown among the cultivars. Most injured plants not infected by R. solani apparently sustained wind damage. ‘Excalibur’ was especially susceptible to wind-induced stem breakage. Chemical names used: 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-(l-methylethyl)-2,4-dioxo-l-imidazolidinecarboxamide (iprodione).
Response of Lowbush Blueberry to Weed Control with Atrazine and Hexazinone
Authors: Jensen Klaus I. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Atrazine at 4, 8, and 12 kg°ha−1 and hexazinone at 1, 2, 3, and 4 kg°ha−1 were tested in Nova Scotia at 9 and 13 locations, respectively. There was no indication that atrazine adversely affected lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait). Hexazinone injury was observed at some locations at rates of 2 to 4 kg°ha−1, and this injury was reflected in decreased yields. Atrazine and hexazinone treatments increased yields over all sites by 85% and 75%, respectively, although response varied widely among locations. Increased yields due to greatly improved weed control were related to increases in the number of flower buds per shoot and in the density of fruiting shoots. Chemical names used: 6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,2,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (atrazine), and 3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (hexazinone).
The Effect of Hydrophilic Polymer on Media Water Retention and Nutrient Availability to Ligustrum lucidum
Authors: Taylor K. C. , Halfacre R. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ligustrum lucidum Ait. ‘Compaction’ grown in hydrophilic polymer-amended medium required irrigation less frequently than plants in nonamended medium. Plants contained higher levels of N and K and lower levels of Ca, Mg, and other divalent cations when grown in polymer-amended medium, as compared to controls. Polymer was associated with maintenance of higher pH. With an osmocote rate increase from 15 to 45 g, a polymer × fertilizer interaction was observed. Dry weights of polymer-treated plants decreased and controls increased with increasing fertility.
Comparison of Paclobutrazol, Flurprimidol, and Tetcyclacis for Controlling Poinsettia Height
Authors: McDaniel G. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Growth retarding activities of paclobutrazol, flurprimidol, and tetcyclacis were compared on ‘Eckespoint C-l Red’, ‘Annette Hegg Dark Red’, and ‘Gutbier V-14 Glory’ poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.). Paclobutrazol effectively controlled height of all cultivars at 0.50 mg per pot as soil drenches and at 25-50 mg°liter−1 as foliar applications. Flurprimidol soil drenches of 0.03-0.06 mg per pot and foliar sprays of 25 mg°liter−1 were equally effective in reducing plant heights of all cultivars. Tetcyclacis soil drenches and granular applications of 10-20 mg per pot provided similar reductions of plant heights on the cultivars tested. Chemical names used: α-(l-methylethyl)-α-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5-pyrimidinemethanol (flurprimidol); (R*,R*)-(±)-β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-l,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol); and 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4,5,9,10-pentaza-tetracyclo-5,4,102,6,08,11, dodeca-3, 9-diene (tetcyclacis).
Thatch Accumulation in Tall Fescue Turfs
Authors: Shearman R. C. , Anderson B. E. , Kopec D. M. , Riordan T. P. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) cultivars differed in thatching tendency 3 years after establishment. Thatch accumulation was greater in turf-types than forage-types. Thatch accumulation was positively correlated to verdure (r = 0.92) and total cell wall (TCW) content per square meter (r = 0.90) of cultivars.
Application of an Apple Production and Profitability Microcomputer Model in Pomology Teaching
Authors: Creasy L. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A microcomputer program is used to calculate the production and profitability of student-created apple orchard designs. The program accumulates productivity for each year following planting and uses economic parameters to determine the net present value of total orchard profits for each design. Students can alter not only design inputs and economic predictors but are encouraged to change production cost parameters to demonstrate their effects on orchard profitability over the life of the orchard.
Gene Transfer System for Potato
Authors: Shahin Elias A. , Simpson Robert B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A foreign gene encoding neomycin phosphotransferase (Nos/Npt), specifying resistance to kanamycin, was introduced into potato cells via a disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The Agrobacterium was incubated with leaf-derived callus followed by selection with 50 mg°liter−1 kanamycin. Neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT) conferred on the transformed potato cells the capacity to grow in the presence of kanamycin. Enzymatic assay demonstrated that the kanamycin-resistant calli contained NPT activity whereas the sensitive calli were devoid of this activity. Transgenic plants were recovered from these resistant calli and the foreign gene was expressed in all tested tissues of these plants as well as in tubers and developing sprouts.
Cold Hardening of in Vitro Apple and Saskatoon Shoot Cultures
Authors: Caswell K. L. , Tyler N. J. , Stushnoff C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In vitro shoot cultures of MM 106 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and ‘Smoky’ saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) that were subjected to a 10-week, short-photoperiod, low-temperature hardening treatment, including a −3°C exposure followed by 5-7 days at 2°, were 4-8° hardier than untreated shoot cultures. Apple shoot cultures grown on media with elevated sucrose concentrations (3-14%), but not subjected to acclimating conditions, had reduced shoot moisture content and increased up to 6° in hardiness. Apple and saskatoon shoot cultures given a short-photoperiod, low-temperature hardening treatment and apple cultures grown on medium containing a high sucrose level developed red and purple leaf coloration.
Plant Regeneration from Trillium Spp. in Vitro
Authors: Pence Valerie C. , Soukup Victor G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plants were regenerated from 4 of 19 species of Trillium tested: T. decipiens Freeman, T. grandiflorum Salisb., T. flexipes Raf., and T. pusillum v. pusillum Michx. In 3 species, immature leaf tissues from buds formed hard, spherical outgrowths that produced shoots on a Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with several combinations of auxin (2,4-D or NAA), or cytokinin (BA or 2iP), and coconut water (CW). Tissue from expanding leaves generally did not respond, but one species produced embryo-like structures from which plants developed. Ovular explants showed little or no growth in culture, while rhizome explants consistently showed contamination in vitro. Once initiated, shoot-forming tissue was maintained on a medium lacking growth regulators and CW and continued to produce shoots. Shoots transferred to fresh media produced roots in the presence or absence of the auxin IAA. Rooted plants continued to grow when transferred to soil in the greenhouse. Plants with 3 leaves, comparable to 5- to 7-year-old plants grown from seed, have been produced in <2 years. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D); l-naphthal-eneacetic acid (NAA); N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (2iP); and 1H-indoIe-3-acetic acid (IAA).
Enhanced Vigor in Vegetative Progeny of Micropropagated Strawberry Plants
Authors: Cameron J. Scott , Hancock James F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Micropropagated mother plants of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne) often produce more flowers and runners than their runner-propagated counterparts (4, 5), but it is not clear how long this effect lasts. Swartz et al. (5) reported that the increase in runnering of tissue culture plants did not continue after the first flush of runner production in the field, and Marcotrigiano et al. (4) showed that, within the planting year, micropropagation increased runner production in mother plants and their primary runner plants, but not in attached secondary and tertiary runner plants. However, these studies examined runner plants still attached to plants directly out of culture, rather than detached, cold-hardened plants as they are delivered to the grower. In a study where detached runner plants of unknown age were compared, planting stock from micropropagated plants of 4 of 6 cultivars had significantly higher matted row densities ( = 63%) than those derived from conventionally propagated stock (2). The goal of this study was to compare the performance of detached primary, secondary, and tertiary runner plants of micropropagated (MP) and standard (ST) mother plants grown under controlled conditions.
Vericolor Slide Preparation Using Readily Available Filters, Color Copy, Video Display Monitors, and SEM Negatives
Authors: Stamps Robert H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Kodak Vericolor slide film SO-279 and 5072 (formerly designated as SO-372) is an easy and fast means for making colored reverse text slides (1, 2, 4, 5). However, recommendations have dealt only with photographing black copy on a white background using hard-to-find and easily scratched Wratten gelatin filters. Additionally, the use of this film for making colored transparencies from black and white negatives, such as those produced using scanning electron microscopes (SEM), or directly from monochromatic video display monitors has not been reported.
Mechanisms of Spring Freeze Injury Avoidance in Peach
Authors: Byrne D. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In mild winter peach (Prunus persica Batsch.) growing zones of the southeast, flower bud losses due to freezes during bloom are more important than those due to low winter temperatures. In Texas, peach yields are reduced severely by spring freezes one out of 5 years. Recently, 2 peach cultivars exhibiting high fruit set potential under spring freeze conditions—‘Denman’ (7) and ‘Texstar’ (2)—were released by the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Previous studies on peach genotype differences in flower freeze survival have indicated that variability between clones exists (3), but little has been done to characterize the basis of these differences. Parameters suggested to be associated with freeze survival of flowers and fruit are time of bloom (6), the flower supercooling capacity (4), and flower water content (1).
‘Greenwich’, a Male Asparagus Hybrid
Authors: Ellison J. Howard , Kinelski John J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dioecious asparagus cultivars produce seed that traditionally has been saved by growers. This practice had led to the loss of high yield and rust resistance of the original ‘Martha Washington’ and ‘Mary Washington’ cultivars, as well as others, because of random matings among the unselected male and female progeny plants. Even saving seed from vigorous female plants has little value because of random pollination by unselected males. Seed produced by dioecious cultivars causes 2 other problems. One is volunteer asparagus seedlings behaving as weeds in the cutting bed. The other is the diversion of photosynthate that is stored in the seed instead of the roots, thus reducing vigor and spear yield of the female plants.
‘Acoma’, ‘Hopi’, ‘Pecos’, and ‘Zuni’ Lagerstroemia
Authors: Egolf Donald R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Acoma’, ‘Hopi’, ‘Pecos’, and ‘Zuni’ are the first semi-dwarf Lagerstroemia indica L. × L. fauriei Koehne cultivars that combine mildew resistance and a range of flower colors. Crape-myrtle, the common name of Lagerstroemia, is the most widely cultivated summer-flowering large shrub or small tree in the southern United States. The 4 prior U.S. National Arboretum L. indica × L. fauriei introductions—‘Muskogee’, ‘Natchez’, ‘Tuscarora’, and ‘Tuskegee’—are small trees 7-10 m high (4–6), whereas those described herein are 4 semi-dwarf cultivars. ‘Acoma’, ‘Hopi’, ‘Pecos’, and ‘Zuni’ raise the total U.S. National Arboretum Lagerstroemia cultivar releases to 14 (2, 3).
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Wallner Stephen J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The topic of this symposium, “Basic Research Ideas and Opportunities for Horticulturists in Stress Physiology”, relates to the activities of most horticultural scientists. Plant response to environmental stresses connects many disciplines and is important to all commodities. Even a cursory review of the symposium papers reveals that molecular genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, plant anatomy, etc. receive major emphasis in consideration of physiological response to unfavorable environments. The broad relevance of this topic is also reflected in the joint sponsorship of the symposium by five working groups: Climatology and Meteorology, Cropping Efficiency and Photosynthesis, Developmental Physiology, Environmental Stress Physiology, and Postharvest.
The Crop Potential of Apios americana—Preliminary Evaluations
Authors: Blackmon W. J. , Reynolds B. D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Apios americana Medikus, a nitrogen-fixing, viny legume that produces seeds and tubers is being evaluated as a food crop. About 2500 plants obtained from colchicine-treated and nontreated seeds, tubers from wild sites, and plants derived from tissue culture were cultivated on a silt loam soil. Two tuber-derived plants (probable clone) yielded an average of 3.747 kg and another seed-produced plant yielded 2.170 kg of tubers per plant. Plants were also found that produced mostly rhizomatous material without tubers, only fleshy roots, fleshy roots and tubers, and only tubers. More than 400 pods per plant were observed from some plants, although seed abortion greatly reduced seed yield of many otherwise normal-looking pods.
Multiple-harvest Yield Prediction from Once-over Harvests of Cowpeas
Authors: Thompson Paul G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The relationship between yields of eowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cultivars multiple-harvested (MH) at the mature-green stage and once-over harvested (OH) at two later stages of maturity was linear. Coefficients of determination of 0.82 and 0.86 showed that OH yields at later stages of maturity accounted for a high percentage of the variability in MH yield. Once-over harvested yields were consistent predictors of MH yields among planting dates and cultivars. Once-over harvested, shelled yields were as accurate as OH in-pod yields in determining MH yield rankings. Dry weight yields were not useful in predicting mature-green yields.
Sweet Potato Transplant Production as Influenced by Herbicide Applications the Previous Season
Authors: Bonanno A. Richard , Monaco Thomas J. , Hammett Larry K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Seventeen herbicide treatments used in the production of sweet potato [Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam.] seed roots were evaluated for their influence on transplant production the following season. Number of transplants/root at five harvests, total transplants/root, and transplants/100 g of root were not influenced by the herbicide treatments. Weight/transplant was influenced by the herbicide treatments only at the last harvest. Total transplant weight/root and total transplant weight/100 g of root also were not influenced by the experimental treatments. No visual deleterious effects on transplant production were observed with any of the herbicide treatments.
Prevention of Lime-induced Chlorosis in Citrus Trees by Peat and Iron Treatments to Small Soil Volumes
Authors: Horesh I. , Levy Y. , Goldschmidt E. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Iron deficiency chlorosis of ‘Washington Navel’ orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] on Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. rootstock grown on Beth Guvrin calcareous soil was prevented when a combination of peat and FeSO4 was applied to a small portion of the root zone. Comparison of treated and control trees revealed a significant prevention of chlorosis and an increase in chlorophyll and peroxidase enzyme activity.