bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of flame-flame interaction on emission characteristics in gas turbine combustors
Authors: Kwak S. , Choi J. , Ahn M. , Lee M. C. , Yoon Y. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn real gas turbines, multiple nozzles are used instead of a single-nozzle; therefore, interactions between flames are inevitable. In this study, the effects of flame-flame interaction on the emission characteristics and lean blowout limit were analysed in a CH4-fueled single- and dual-nozzle combustor. OH* chemiluminescence imaging showed that a flame-interacting region, where the two flames from the nozzles were merged, was present in the dual-nozzle combustor, unlike the single-nozzle combustor. Flow-field measurements using particle image velocimetry confirmed that a faster velocity region was formed at the flame merging region, thereby hindering flame stabilisation. In addition, we compared the emission indices of NOx and CO between the two combustors. The emission indices of CO were not significantly different; however, a distinct effect of flame-flame interaction was indicated in NOx. To understand the effect of flame-flame interaction on NOx emissions, we measured temperature distribution using a multi-point thermocouple. Results showed that a wider high-temperature region was formed in the dual-nozzle combustor compared to the single-nozzle combustor; this was attributable to the high OH* chemiluminescence intensity in the flame-interacting region. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the size of this interacting region caused the deformation of the temperature distribution in the combustor, which can induce a difference in the increase ratio of NOx emission between high and low equivalence ratio ranges. In conclusion, we confirmed that flame-flame interaction significantly affected temperature distribution in the downstream of the flame, and the change in temperature distribution contributed primarily to the varying concentration of the emission gas.
KP governs random growth off a 1-dimensional substrate
Authors: Quastel Jeremy , Remenik Daniel 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The logarithmic derivative of the marginal distributions of randomly fluctuating interfaces in one dimension on a large scale evolve according to the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation. This is derived algebraically from a Fredholm determinant obtained in [MQR17] for the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) fixed point as the limit of the transition probabilities of TASEP, a special solvable model in the KPZ universality class. The Tracy–Widom distributions appear as special self-similar solutions of the KP and Korteweg–de Vries equations. In addition, it is noted that several known exact solutions of the KPZ equation also solve the KP equation.
Ultra-compact post-compressor on-shot wavefront measurement for beam correction at PHELIX
Authors: Ohland J. B. , Eisenbarth U. , Zielbauer B. , Zobus Y. , Posor D. , Hornung J. , Reemts D. , Bagnoud V. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In order to reach the highest intensities, modern laser systems use adaptive optics to control their beam quality. Ideally, the focal spot is optimized after the compression stage of the system in order to avoid spatio-temporal couplings. This also requires a wavefront sensor after the compressor, which should be able to measure the wavefront on-shot. At PHELIX, we have developed an ultra-compact post-compressor beam diagnostic due to strict space constraints, measuring the wavefront over the full aperture of 28 cm. This system features all-reflective imaging beam transport and a high dynamic range in order to measure the wavefront in alignment mode as well as on shot.
System design and calibration of SITARA—a global 21 cm short spacing interferometer prototype
Authors: Thekkeppattu Jishnu N. , McKinley Benjamin , Trott Cathryn M. , Jones Jake , Ung Daniel C. X. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGlobal 21-cm experiments require exquisitely precise calibration of the measurement systems in order to separate the weak 21-cm signal from Galactic and extragalactic foregrounds as well as instrumental systematics. Hitherto, experiments aiming to make this measurement have concentrated on measuring this signal using the single element approach. However, an alternative approach based on interferometers with short baselines is expected to alleviate some of the difficulties associated with a single element approach such as precision modelling of the receiver noise spectrum. Short spacing Interferometer Telescope probing cosmic dAwn and epoch of ReionisAtion (SITARA) is a short spacing interferometer deployed at the Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory (MRO). It is intended to be a prototype or a test-bed to gain a better understanding of interferometry at short baselines, and develop tools to perform observations and data calibration. In this paper, we provide a description of the SITARA system and its deployment at the MRO, and discuss strategies developed to calibrate SITARA. We touch upon certain systematics seen in SITARA data and their modelling. We find that SITARA has sensitivity to all sky signals as well as non-negligible noise coupling between the antennas. It is seen that the coupled receiver noise has a spectral shape that broadly matches the theoretical calculations reported in prior works. We also find that when appropriately modified antenna radiation patterns taking into account the effects of mutual coupling are used, the measured data are well modelled by the standard visibility equation.
The conformational plasticity of the selectivity filter methionines controls the in-cell Cu(I) uptake through the CTR1 transporter
Authors: Janoš Pavel , Aupič Jana , Ruthstein Sharon , Magistrato Alessandra 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCopper is a trace element vital to many cellular functions. Yet its abnormal levels are toxic to cells, provoking a variety of severe diseases. The high affinity copper transporter 1 (CTR1), being the main in-cell copper [Cu(I)] entry route, tightly regulates its cellular uptake via a still elusive mechanism. Here, all-atoms simulations unlock the molecular terms of Cu(I) transport in eukaryotes disclosing that the two methionine (Met) triads, forming the selectivity filter, play an unprecedented dual role both enabling selective Cu(I) transport and regulating its uptake rate thanks to an intimate coupling between the conformational plasticity of their bulky side chains and the number of bound Cu(I) ions. Namely, the Met residues act as a gate reducing the Cu(I) import rate when two ions simultaneously bind to CTR1. This may represent an elegant autoregulatory mechanism through which CTR1 protects the cells from excessively high, and hence toxic, in-cell Cu(I) levels. Overall, our outcomes resolve fundamental questions in CTR1 biology and open new windows of opportunity to tackle diseases associated with an imbalanced copper uptake.
An assessment of herbage mass, ryegrass cultivar and red clover inclusion on sward productivity, quality and morphology under a cutting protocol
Authors: Holohan C. , Grace C. , Bock M. , Lynch M. B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe use of ‘cut-and-carry’ (the mechanical harvesting and feeding of fresh grass) has increased in some temperate regions in recent years and evidence suggests that sward management practices in this system differ to conventional grazing. In order to investigate this further, a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial experiment was used to examine the effect of low (1489 kg dry matter (DM)/ha; LHM) and high (2142 kg DM/ha; HHM) pre-cutting herbage mass; three ryegrass cultivars, diploid perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne; DIP), tetraploid perennial ryegrass (TET) and a hybrid ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum × L. perenne; HY); and the inclusion of red clover (Trifolium pratense) on sward herbage production, nutritive value and ryegrass morphology. Plots were harvested according to herbage mass from March to November in 2018 and 2019. Annual DM production was 1489 kg DM/ha higher in HHM than in LHM swards. Pre-cutting herbage mass had no effect on organic matter digestibility (OMD) in early season for DIP and TET swards or in late season for all cultivars. There was an interaction between ryegrass cultivar and clover inclusion in annual yield whereby red clover increased DM production in all cultivars however, its effect was largest in HY swards. Red clover inclusion increased DM production but reduced OMD in early and mid-seasons. Overall, TET swards were lowest in neutral detergent fibre and highest in OMD compared to HY and DIP. Pre-cutting herbage mass, ryegrass cultivar and red clover inclusion require careful consideration when establishing and managing pastures in cut-and-carry systems.
Immunolocalization and functional analysis of Opisthorchis viverrini-M60-like-1 metallopeptidase in animal models
Authors: Wendo Woro D. , Tangkawattana Sirikachorn , Saichua Prasert , Ta Binh T. T. , Candra Agatha R. K. , Tangkawattana Prasarn , Suttiprapa Sutas 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHost mucins have crucial physical roles in preventing the parasitic establishment and maturation, and also in expelling the invading parasites. However, some parasites utilize mucinase enzymes to facilitate the infection. Recently, we have identified a mucinase enzyme of the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini, Ov-M60-like-1, which exhibits metallopeptidase activity against bovine submaxillary mucin substrate. Here, we aimed to study the localization of this enzyme in O. viverrini and the bile duct of hamsters using immunohistochemistry and functional analysis by mucin digestion in hamsters and mice tissues. The results showed that Ov-M60-like-1 was detected strongly in the tegument, tegumental cells, vitelline glands and mature eggs with miracidium. Expression in the gut, ovary and testis of the parasite was moderate while parenchyma showed slight colour intensity. In addition, the mucinase was also detected in the host biliary epithelial cells and goblet cells surrounding the worm. The mucinase assay revealed that the Ov-M60-like-1 could digest neutral mucin in the parenchyma, testis and seminal receptacle, but not the mucin in the tegument, tegumental cells and vitelline glands of the worm. The enzyme can also digest mucin in the cholangiocytes and modified the mixture type in the bile duct goblet cells of the infected hamsters, a susceptible host. In contrast, the enzyme was unable to digest neutral, acid and mixture mucin in the bile duct of the mice, a non-susceptible host. These findings indicate that Ov-M60-like-1 may have functions in both housekeeping tasks and host–parasite interactions, especially in modification of host susceptibility.
Thinking about caring for older relatives in the future: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Stevens Madeleine , Brimblecombe Nicola , Bou Camille , Wittenberg Raphael 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe number of dependent older people in England, as elsewhere, is projected to rise substantially, while the number of unpaid carers is not projected to rise by an equivalent amount. Barriers to people caring for older relatives have been theorised, however, there is a lack of understanding of attitudes to providing care in the future among people who are not currently carers. This paper presents qualitative analysis of interviews with 20 people in middle age about their willingness to care for older relatives in the future. Interviewees were asked their general views about who should provide care, then to consider future scenarios in which a close relative developed care needs. Willingness to care was influenced by beliefs about reciprocity, love and identity, beliefs about who was likely to provide the best quality and most appropriate care, and beliefs about how difficult caring would be. Older relatives’ care preferences were a key consideration. While some interviewees felt the best care would always be provided by family, others considered that professional skills were needed. Interviewees saw important roles for easily accessible information and advice, sharing care, including respite care, and financial support, in making it easier to provide care. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown had highlighted relevant issues for interviewees, which are discussed.
‘Is my journey destination home?’ Exploring the experiences of older adults who undertake a transition care programme: a qualitative study
Authors: Hang Jo-Aine , Francis-Coad Jacqueline , Ho Portia , Waldron Nicholas , Purslowe Kate , Hill Anne-Marie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTransition care programmes (TCP) provide older adults with goal-oriented rehabilitation after hospitalisation. However, limited research has focused on understanding older adults' experiences when undertaking TCP. Using a phenomenological approach, we explored the lived experience of older adults undertaking a TCP at a transition care facility in Australia. A purposive sample (N = 33 participants: 16 older adults, four family members and 13 staff) was recruited. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken at three time-points during admission and inductive thematic analysis was utilised. Older adults reflected on their TCP experiences through an emotional lens through which they deliberated, ‘is my destination home?’ Fear of losing independence and uncertainty about their discharge destination strongly influenced older adults' perspectives regarding their TCP experience. Emotional responses, both positive and negative, were influenced by expectations prior to admission, level of family support and staff behaviour. Staff and family concurred that many older adults were confused about their admission to the facility and initially were unprepared to engage in the rehabilitation provided. Older adults experienced TCP as a time of great uncertainty and feared the unknown when discharged from hospital to transition care. They expressed grief at the loss of existing life roles and anxiety about the possibility of being unable to return home. Health professionals need to inform and tailor rehabilitation for older adults to better support this transient time of life.
Sleep health in later life: interviews exploring experiences, attitudes and behaviours of older people
Authors: Crestani Freya , Williams Grace , Breheny Mary , Tupara Hope , Cunningham Chris , Gander Philippa , Gibson Rosemary 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSleep is vital for health and wellbeing across the lifecourse. Ethnic differences have been observed with regards to the prevalence and predictors of self-reported sleep problems. An understanding of sleep experiences with ageing and across ethnicities is required to better support older people. Open-ended interviews were conducted with 23 people living in Aotearoa/New Zealand aged 61–92 years (12 Māori and 11 non-Māori) concerning current sleep status, changes over their lifecourse and personal strategies for supporting good sleep. Participants typically expressed satisfaction with current sleep (usually pertaining to duration) or feelings that sleep was compromised (usually pertaining to waking function). Comparisons to a socially perceived ‘ideal’ sleep were common, with sleep transitions presented as a gradual and accepted part of ageing. Participants resisted medicalising sleep disruptions in older age. While participants were aware of ways to enhance their sleep, many acknowledged engaging in practices that undermined it. Unique insights from some Māori participants indicated that sleep disruptions were not so readily pathologised compared to Western views and that sleeplessness could provide opportunity for cultural or spiritual connection. Common narratives underpinning the themes were: ‘You don't need as much sleep when you're older’, ‘Sleep just fits in’ and ‘Having the time of my life’. Findings provide personal experiences and cultural interpretations relating to sleep and ageing. This provides the foundation for future participatory research to co-design sleep health messages which are meaningful for ageing well across ethnicities.
Ordering disorder: The making of world politics
Authors: Johnson Jamie M. , Basham Victoria M. , Thomas Owen D. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article offers insights into the character and composition of world order. It does so by focusing on how world order is made and revealed through seemingly disorderly events. We examine how societies struggle to interpret and respond to disorderly events through three modes of treatment: tragedy, crisis, and scandal. These, we argue, are the dominant modes of treatment in world politics, through which an account of disorder is articulated and particular political responses are mobilised. Specifically, we argue that each mode provides a particular way of problematising disorder, locating responsibility, and generating political responses. As we will demonstrate, these modes instigate the ordering of disorder, but they also agitate and reveal the contours of order itself. We argue, therefore, that an attentiveness to how we make sense of and respond to disorder offers the discipline new opportunities for interrogating the underlying forces, dynamics, and structures that define contemporary world politics.
Is value portable? An examination of contextual and practical considerations that affect the transferability of value assessments between settings
Authors: Synnott Patricia G. , Lin Pei-Jung , Hickson Stacey S. , Glaetzer Christoph , Ollendorf Daniel A. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The extent to which value assessments are uniquely deployed in any given geographic setting is variable. Increasingly, markets are seeking insights from external health technology assessments (HTAs) to assist with decisions surrounding the adoption of new technologies. We reviewed the environment, infrastructure, and practice of value assessment in six countries, with a focus on how these elements influence the transferability of value assessments between settings.

Methods
We reviewed the diverse settings in which six organizations conducting HTA operate, and explored how differences might affect the transferability of value assessment. We focused attention on Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee, China’s National Center for Medicine and HTA, Germany’s Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen, Japan’s Center for Outcomes Research and Economic Evaluation for Health (Core 2 Health), the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in England and Wales, and the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review in the United States.

Results
HTA is adopted to address unique objectives for a given health system and is tailored to support local standards and preferences. Some elements of a value assessment, such as evidence on clinical effectiveness, may be more transferable than others. It is challenging to appropriately adjust external assessments to the local context.

Conclusions
Contextual differences influence both the role and application of HTA. These differences limit the transferability of value assessments from one setting to another. De novo appraisals, customized to the local decision context, are the ideal approach to determinations about value.
Dynamics of generalised exponential maps
Authors: COMDÜHR PATRICK , EVDORIDOU VASILIKI , SIXSMITH DAVID J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSince 1984, many authors have studied the dynamics of maps of the form
$\mathcal{E}_a(z) = e^z - a$
, with
$a > 1$
. It is now well-known that the Julia set of such a map has an intricate topological structure known as a Cantor bouquet, and much is known about the dynamical properties of these functions.It is rather surprising that many of the interesting dynamical properties of the maps
$\mathcal{E}_a$
actually arise from their elementary function theoretic structure, rather than as a result of analyticity. We show this by studying a large class of continuous
$\mathbb{R}^2$
maps, which, in general, are not even quasiregular, but are somehow analogous to
$\mathcal{E}_a$
. We define analogues of the Fatou and the Julia set and we prove that this class has very similar dynamical properties to those of
$\mathcal{E}_a$
, including the Cantor bouquet structure, which is closely related to several topological properties of the endpoints of the Julia set.
Dosimetric comparison of Synchrony® real-time motion tracking treatment plans between CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery and Radixact system for stereotactic body radiation therapy of lung and prostate cancer
Authors: Kong C.W. , Chiu T.L. , Geng H. , Lam W.W. , Yang B. , Cheung C.W. , Yu S.K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess which machine, Radixact or CyberKnife, can deliver better treatment for lung and prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with the use of Synchrony® real-time motion tracking system. Ten and eight patients treated with lung and prostate SBRT, respectively, using the CyberKnife system were selected for the assessment. For each patient, a retrospective Radixact plan was created and compared with the original CyberKnife plan. There was no statistically significant difference in the new conformity index of the Radixact plans and that of the Cyberknife plans in both lung and prostate SBRT. The average homogeneity index in the Radixact plans was better in both lung and prostate SBRT with statistical significance (p = 0·04 for lung and p = 0·02 for prostate). In lung SBRT, the dose to lungs was lower in Cyberknife plans (p = 0·002). In prostate SBRT, there was no statistically significant difference in organs at risk sparing between Cyberknife plans and Radixact plans. In conclusion, CyberKnife was better in lung SBRT while Radixact was better in prostate SBRT.
Die klinische Validierung des diagnostischen Elterninterviews „Diagnostic Infant and Preschool Assessment“ (DIPA)
Authors: Ladicha Lina S. , Altemeyer Klara-Maria , Ramsauer Brigitte 
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung. Da Klein- und Vorschulkinder bereits unter psychischen Auffälligkeiten leiden können, ist ein valides Diagnoseinstrument erforderlich. Das Diagnostic Infant and Preschool Assessment (DIPA) ist ein Elterninterview zur klinischen Diagnostik im Kleinkind- und Vorschulalter. Die deutsche DIPA-Version wurde auf ihre psychometrischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Mit N = 109 Eltern klinisch vorgestellter Kinder (Alter: 0 bis 6 Jahre) wurde das DIPA durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse mit der CBCL / 1½-5 und der C-TRF / 1½-5 verglichen. Die Kinder erhielten durchschnittlich zwei DIPA-Diagnosen, wobei die Störung mit Oppositionellem Trotzverhalten am häufigsten vorkam. Es zeigten sich zufriedenstellende Beurteilerübereinstimmungen. Zwischen den nach Anzahl der DIPA-Diagnosen eingeteilten Gruppen zeigten sich signifikante Unterschiede in den CBCL-Ergebnissen. Erhöhte CBCL-Problemwerte konnten das Vorliegen von DIPA-Diagnosen vorhersagen. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine zufriedenstellende Konstruktvalidität des DIPA. Es kann im klinischen Alltag eingesetzt werden, da es die 15 wichtigsten DSM-5-Diagnosen des Vorschulalters umfasst und valide, benutzerfreundlich sowie effizient ist und auch für die Forschung vielfältige Möglichkeiten liefert.