bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale imaging of oxidized copper foil covered with chemical vapor deposition‐grown graphene layers
Authors: Zhang Kai , Ban Chun‐guang , Yuan Ye , Huang Li , Gan Yang 
Published: April 2022

Characterization of the geometrical and structural characteristics of oxidized Cu area in high resolution is crucial for tracking the change in morphology, exploring interactions between graphene layers and Cu substrates and revealing the mechanism for the orientation‐dependent oxidation of Cu. Here, we reported experimental results on nanoscale imaging of natural oxidation of the polycrystalline Cu substrate coated by partial‐coverage chemical vapor deposition (CVD)‐grown graphene stored in dryer under ambient conditions for up to 10 months. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), together with atomic force microscope (AFM), Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), was used for systematically studying the morphological and compositional changes at nanoscale during oxidation. The appearance of oxidized Cu substrates could be unambiguously distinguished from the unoxidized regions based on their distinctly different morphologies in SEM images, and the underlying mechanism was discussed in detail. By analyzing a millimeter‐seized polycrystalline Cu substrate, we found that the oxidation of polycrystalline Cu substrate depends sensitively on both orientation of graphene layers and Cu substrates. Furthermore, the time‐dependent oxidation evolution of Cu substrate was also established, and the oxidation rate was readily determined. The findings reported here will have important implications for developing protection coatings for Cu.
Titanium Source Choice Affects the Nonhydrolytic Sol‐Gel Synthesis and Morphology of Fe2TiO5
Authors: Jiang Feng , Yin Li , Feng Guo , Zhao Qianqian , Yu Yun , Hu Qing , Zhang Quan , Zhang Xiaojun , Jiang Weihui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractFe2TiO5 powders are synthesized via nonhydrolytic sol‐gel method, and the effects of titanium sources on the synthesis and morphology of Fe2TiO5 powders are investigated via differential thermal analysis‐thermogravimetric (DTA‐TG), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Field Emission‐Scanning Electron Microscope (FE‐SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR). It is beneficial for the low‐temperature synthesis of Fe2TiO5 to form Fe−O−Ti bonds when TiCl4 and Ti(OC4H9)4 are used as titanium source. But it is difficult to synthesize pure Fe2TiO5 phase and the powders synthesized are seriously agglomerated, when TiCl4 is used as titanium source. When Ti{OCH(CH3)2}4 is used as the titanium source, Fe2TiO5 phase can not be synthesized until 800 °C, which is due to Fe−O−Ti bond does not form in the xerogels. Fe2TiO5 powders prepared with Ti(OC4H9)4 as titanium source are small in particles size of 100–200 nm with high dispersion and element uniformity.
Photocatalytic Easy Recovery of Orthophosphates Contaminants in Water Using Amberlite‐732 Cationic‐Resin Exchanged by Ce3+and Ce3+‐Au3+ Species
Authors: Rahmoune PhDS. Nawel , Barama Siham , Davidson Anne , Montero David , Selmane Mohamed , Miche Antoine , Benaliouche Fouad , Barama Akila 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis report discusses the efficiency of photo‐recovery of orthophosphate anions in water under visible irradiation using materials containing amorphous carbon, ceria and gold‐ceria species. Catalysts were obtained by the exchange of Amberlite‐732 polymeric‐resin with isolated Ce(III) and co‐mixing of Ce(III)‐Au(III) cations. Syntheses were developed for molar ratios Ce(III)/3H+=100 and Au(III)‐Ce(III)/3H+=0.01. Solids were treated at 800 °C under Air or Ar atmosphere then characterized by: X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and UV‐visible spectroscopy. By XRD, non‐stoichiometric Ce2.658S4 sulfide and particles of metallic gold are identified in Ce‐Au‐Amb‐Ar and in the case of Ce‐Au‐Amb‐Air, mixture of CeO2 and Au0 is clearly observed. Moreover, XPS study of Ce3d emission spectra showed well resolved electronic states of the spin‐orbit Ce3d5/2 and Ce3d3/2 levels in the Ce4+ and Ce3+ oxidation states confirming coexistence of Ce(IV)/Ce(III). On the surfaces of both Ce‐Au‐Amb‐Air and Ce‐Au‐Amb‐Ar, XPS revealed metallic Au species. A certain amount of carbon, identified by EDS and XPS, corresponds to poorly ordered carbon formed by the resin decomposition during thermal treatments under Air and Ar. The UV‐vis spectroscopy was valuable to quantify the remaining PO43− anions in solution (at each moment of reaction) using “Molybdenum Blue” method. Photo‐recovery of orthophosphates under visible irradiation yields optimal trapping of ∼75 % of PO43− on Ce‐Au‐Amb‐Ar, attributed to a catalyst surface enrichment with Ce3+ species, which promoted structural oxygen vacancies.
Enhanced Oil Recovery from the Methyl Ester Sulfonate Derived from Flaxseed Oil: Interfacial, Adsorption and Rock Wetting Characteristics
Authors: Kesarwani Himanshu , Mandal Ajay , Sharma Shivanjali 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe current work aims at the application of fatty acid methyl sulfonated products derived from Flaxseed oil for enhanced oil recovery. The product was characterized with the GCMS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry), FTIR (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), EDX (energy dispersive X‐ray analysis) and TGA (therogravimetric analysis). Conductivity tests revealed that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Flaxseed surfactant is 7004 ppm. The amount of surfactant loss on the sand surfaces was found to be 10.42 mg/g which was quite lower as compared to that of the previous studies. Interfacial tension (IFT) was found to decrease up to 0.25 mN/m upon introduction of Flaxseed surfactant. Also, the slug showed pseudoplastic behavior at a lower shear rate whereas it showed shear thickening behavior at a higher shear rate. Finally, sand pack flooding tests were conducted and ∼48 % of oil recovered during water flooding whereas an additional ∼28 % of the oil was recovered as improved oil recovery.
Response control analysis of a new mega‐subcontrolled structural system (MSCSS) under seismic excitation
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Moman , Zhang Xun'an , Wang Xinwei , Abdulhadi Mustapha , Wang Tianlong , Xiao Yanjie 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe mega‐subcontrolled structural system (MSCSS) was proposed in the past decade as a new construction technique for high‐rise buildings because it showed an improved structural seismic response. However, research continues to focus on further increasing the response control ability, minimizing the cost, and improving the seismic performance of MSCSS. In this paper, a novel configuration named configuration 13 is proposed that incorporates an inverted V‐bracing (chevron) along the height in the center of the structure, and a mid‐story isolation system is situated under the first mega‐beam. The response control analysis and dynamic characteristics of the novel MSCSS are studied based on the structural responses to seven seismic waves. This novel configuration shows a significant improvement of at least 30.58% in the structural acceleration response with an average overall improvement of 49.7% under an El Centro wave. Moreover, nonlinear dynamic analysis is performed under the same seven waves; the proposed configuration shows the maximum pseudo‐spectral acceleration under the El Centro input at low frequencies, while under the Kobe wave, acceleration peaks also appear at higher frequencies. Furthermore, the Hilbert–Huang transform is also applied, confirming that the proposed MSCSS shows no sudden fluctuations in its structural response under seismic excitation.
Holography of time machines
Authors: Emparan Roberto , Tomašević Marija 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We use holography to examine the response of interacting quantum fields to the appearance of closed timelike curves in a dynamically evolving background that initially does not contain them. For this purpose, we study a family of two-dimensional spacetimes that model very broad classes of wormhole time machines. The behavior of strongly coupled conformal theories in these spacetimes is then holographically described by three-dimensional AdS bulk geometries that we explicitly construct. The dual bulk spacetime is free from any divergences, but splits into two disconnected components, without and with CTCs, which are joined only through the boundary; then, passages across the chronology horizon are impossible for any field excitations. In dual terms, the strong self-interaction of the CFT decouples the pathological part from the rest of the spacetime. We also find that entangling the CFTs in two separate time machines connects them through a traversable bulk wormhole. Nevertheless, any entanglement-assisted chronology violations will be prevented by quantum bulk corrections, i.e., subleading 1/N effects, again without needing any gravitational backreaction of the CFT. We are led to speculate that chronology may be protected without involving Planck scale physics.
Gesundheit in der Informatik im Zeitalter der Industrie 4.0 und Digitalisierung
Authors: Ellmann Mathias 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der Entwicklung der Industrie 4.0 und der Digitalisierung bedarf es immer mehr Intelligenz und Kreativität, um am Markt als IT-Unternehmen zu bestehen. Agile Softwareprojektmanagement- und Entwicklungsmethoden wie Scrum fordern ein stetige Anpassung und Veränderung von Software auf Basis von Kundenwünschen, das ein hohes Maß an Intelligenz und Kreativität erfordert. Die Entwicklung zu intelligenteren und kreativeren Informatikerinnen und Informatikern führt dazu, dass ihr Risiko für physische und psychische Krankheiten steigt und ihre Gesundheit gefährdet. Dieser Artikel versucht, ein Bewusstsein für die Risiken des einhergehenden Wandels zu ermöglichen, um so bewusster gesundheitlichen Herausforderungen im Zeitalter von Industrie 4.0 und Digitalisierung zu begegnen. Wir besprechen in diesem Artikel gesundheitsförderliche und gesundheitsschädliche Kräfte. Wir besprechen in diesem Artikel Risiken wandelnder Intelligenz und Kreativität für die Gesundheit sowie Ursachen von Konflikten und Frustration, der treibenden Kraft von gesundheitlichen Problemen. Schlussendlich besprechen wir Strategien, um effektiver und gesünder in der Informatik zu kommunizieren.
Bilateral facial palsy after COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Andreozzi Valentina , D’arco Beatrice , Pagliano Pasquale , Toriello Antonella , Barone Paolo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Guillain-Barrè syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated neuropathy, possibly triggered by a recent infection or vaccination, and driven by an immune attack targeting the peripheral nervous system. GBS typically leads to ascending limb weakness, often with sensory and cranial nerve involvement 1–2 weeks after immune stimulation, but emergency and neurology physicians should be aware of its important clinical heterogeneity. In rare cases, bilateral facial nerve palsy can be the main clinical manifestation, as the case of the variant formerly known as bilateral facial weakness with paresthesias. An increasing number of case reports of GBS in patients receiving COVID-19 vaccination have been reported both during the pre-clinical phase and after large-scale authorities’ approval. We report two cases of bifacial palsy with paresthesias, a rare variant of GBS, both occurring after the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine Vaxzevria™ (formerly COVID-19 vaccine AstraZeneca), showing a favorable outcome after high-dose immunoglobulin therapy, and discuss the literature of GBS post-COVID-19 vaccination.
Das Schülerlabor als Ort authentischer Wissenschaftsvermittlung? Entwicklung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung der Authentizitätswahrnehmung der Wissenschaftsvermittlung im Schülerlabor
Authors: Finger L. , van den Bogaert V. , Fleischer J. , Raimann J. , Sommer K. , Wirth J. 
Published: April 2022

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Fragebogen zur mehrdimensionalen Erfassung der Wahrnehmung von Authentizität in der Wissenschaftsvermittlung (FEWAW) vorgestellt. Die Entwicklung des Messinstruments mit den Authentizitätsdimensionen Vermittler, Ort, Vorgehen und Innovation erfolgte auf der Grundlage theoretischer Modelle zur Wahrnehmung von Authentizität der Wissenschaftsvermittlung. In einer Validierungsstudie mit N = 337 Schülerinnen und Schülern im Alfried Krupp-Schülerlabor der Ruhr-Universität Bochum konnte die faktorielle Struktur mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalysen bestätigt werden. Die internen Konsistenzen der vier Dimensionen sind zufriedenstellend (Cronbachs α ≥ 0,81). Außerdem konnte die Messinvarianz des Instruments für das Geschlecht sowie die Klassenstufe bestätigt werden. Die Zusammenhänge der Authentizitätsdimensionen mit Außenkriterien, wie z. B. epistemologischen Überzeugungen, liefern weitere Hinweise auf die Validität des Messinstruments. Insgesamt stellt der FEWAW ein geeignetes Instrument für die mehrdimensionale Erfassung der Authentizitätswahrnehmung in der Wissenschaftsvermittlung dar.
PCR diagnostics for rapid detection of fungi associated with black root rot of strawberries
Authors: Löhrer Marco , Vogel Lara , Petrescu Dita Singer Sarah , Erwes Stefanie , Heupel Monika , Schaffrath Ulrich 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBlack root rot is a disease of the strawberry with increasing importance for Germany. Until the early years of the twenty-first century, very different pathogens, including fungi and nematodes, were thought to cause this disease. However, based on substantial research between 2007 and 2014 at the fruit-growing center Jork (Esteburg, Germany) fungi with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs, i.e., Dactylonectria torresensis and Ilyonectria spp. were identified as causal agents. Both fungi are soil-borne pathogens and able to infect young strawberry plants in nurseries. Therefore, it is crucial to test plants prior to further propagation for the presence of these organisms. Although speed of diagnosis is a well-known and important factor, until today only time-consuming microbiological tests are available. To improve the situation, we aimed at developing a rapid, PCR-based, assay for the detection of fungi associated with black root rot. Most challenging was the design of specific primers that recognize the pathogen(s) in question while being unspecific for other fungi and Oomycetes routinely found on strawberries. Here, we report on a pair of primers that fulfill these rigorous criteria and present data on their specificity and sensitivity. A concentration of as low as 1.25 pg µl−1 template DNA from target pathogens could be detected in infected tissue. Significantly, the same primers were successfully used in standard and quantitative PCR assays. Based on our results, diagnostic laboratories are now enabled to rapidly survey lots of strawberry plants and provide growers with precise information on the presence of fungi associated with black root rot even in asymptomatic plants.
High-Frequency Vibration Tests for Cement Concrete for Machine Tools (300–500 Hz)
Authors: Brecher C. , Kiesewetter-Marko C. , Kalthoff M. , Neus S. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Occasionally, cement concrete is used in the machine tool industry to reduce costs and improve the dynamic behavior of the machine. Due to a lack of information on the material behavior of cement concrete under dynamic loads with high frequencies, a test bench has been developed based on the principle of resonance at WZL. This paper presents the further development of the test bench to improve the testing and the evaluation of the results. Furthermore, the execution of dynamic tests with alternating loads in a high-frequency range of specimens of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is described. The aim of the described tests is to investigate the influence of frequency range and the autoclaving post treatment on the limiting load of UHPC specimens.

Methods
To be able to react in situ to a change in the natural frequency of the system and thus to ensure a consistent level of dynamic loading, a control and regulation method was developed and implemented into the test bench. Additionally, dynamic tests of UHPC specimens with different load levels and frequency ranges are executed on the test bench also using the automatic test regulation. The UHPC specimens were autoclaved after production to achieve high material properties and to anticipate shrinkage deformation. The amplitudes of load applied to the specimens were determined as function of the previously determined static tensile strength. The amplitudes of load tested were set between 37 and 50% of the static centric tensile strength. The frequencies tested were at about 326 Hz respectively 475 Hz and therefore lie in a high-frequency range.

Results
First tests with the new developed automatic test regulation show, that a consistent level of dynamic load can be achieved. The dynamic long-term tests of autoclaved UHPC specimens with different load levels and frequency ranges show, that the limiting load for alternating forces on UHPC in a high-frequency range lies in the area of 40% of the static centric tensile strength. These results confirm the conclusions of other researchers for the lower-frequency ranges and expand the conclusions to the examined frequency ranges. With the test set-up and the automatic test regulation, fatigue tests can be performed 40 to 50 times faster than with conventional test set-ups (with frequencies at about 10 Hz as a reference).

Conclusion
By implementing an automatic adaption of the actual resonance frequency of the system, a consistent level of dynamic load on the specimens could be achieved. Furthermore, it can be stated, that the limiting load for alternating forces on UHPC at high frequencies is mostly unaffected by the actual range of high frequencies or the follow-up treatment of the specimens. Future research should issue a more detailed localization of the limiting force as well as other post-treatments and a transfer to the application of UHPC in real parts of machine tools.
Medicine and the critique of war: military psychiatry, social classification and the malingering patient in colonial India
Authors: Khan Sanaullah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe treatment of injured Indian soldiers in Britain during WWI deployed particular ways of recording injuries and using them to make judgments about loyalty to the Imperial Army by assessing the soldier’s ability to malinger. This was possible by using personal correspondences between soldiers and their families for ethnographic ends ie. to determine susceptibility to develop mental illness through a soldier’s ethnic background and whether he was from the so-called ‘martial races’ or not. This classificatory knowledge as well as the suspicion towards exaggerated symptoms was also inherited by Indian psychiatry after partition. However, while these psychiatrists reproduced some colonial biases about susceptibility of illness, they were much more receptive to considering the social experience of patients including their kinship relations at home and in the military. By the end of WWII, symptoms came to be regarded as signs of recovery and readjustment to social relations to make a case for the lasting impacts of war on the soldier’s mental and physical health.
Asymptotic identities for additive convolutions of sums of divisors
Authors: OLIVER ROBERT J. LEMKE , SHRESTHA SUNROSE T. , THORNE FRANK 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn a 1916 paper, Ramanujan studied the additive convolution
$S_{a, b}(n)$
of sum-of-divisors functions
$\sigma_a(n)$
and
$\sigma_b(n)$
, and proved an asymptotic formula for it when a and b are positive odd integers. He also conjectured that his asymptotic formula should hold for all positive real a and b. Ramanujan’s conjecture was subsequently proved by Ingham, and then by Halberstam with a power saving error term.In this paper, we give a new proof of Ramanujan’s conjecture that obtains lower order terms in the asymptotics for most ranges of the parameters. We also describe a connection to a counting problem in geometric topology that was studied in the second author’s thesis and which served as our initial motivation in studying this sum.
Answer Set Planning: A Survey
Authors: CAO TRAN SON , PONTELLI ENRICO , BALDUCCINI MARCELLO , SCHAUB TORSTEN 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnswer Set Planningrefers to the use ofAnswer Set Programming (ASP)to computeplans, that is, solutions to planning problems, that transform a given state of the world to another state. The development of efficient and scalable answer set solvers has provided a significant boost to the development of ASP-based planning systems. This paper surveys the progress made during the last two and a half decades in the area of answer set planning, from its foundations to its use in challenging planning domains. The survey explores the advantages and disadvantages of answer set planning. It also discusses typical applications of answer set planning and presents a set of challenges for future research.
Mantle Wedge Seismic Anisotropy and Shear Wave Splitting: Effects of Oblique Subduction
Authors: Kenyon Lindsey M. , Wada Ikuko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe investigate the evolution of olivine crystal preferred orientation (CPO) and its effect on local shear wave splitting (SWS) in the mantle wedge of oblique subduction zones. Based on model‐predicted 3‐D mantle wedge flow fields, we compute the A‐type and E‐type olivine CPO distribution for a range of subduction obliquity. The results show that the seismically fast axis does not necessarily align with the flow direction. To model the local SWS parameter distribution for oblique subduction zones, we apply a full range of initial polarization to multilayer models that approximate the model‐predicted CPO distributions. These models result in a bimodal SWS parameter distribution, which relaxes as subduction obliquity increases. Unlike non‐oblique subduction models, these models indicate considerable variations in the SWS parameters with subduction obliquity and initial polarization and also among the forearc, arc, and backarc regions. Because of this variability, a single SWS measurement cannot constrain the CPO distribution, and shear waves with a range of initial polarization are required to interpret the SWS parameters in oblique subduction zones. Our results indicate that 3‐D mantle wedge flow due to oblique subduction cannot explain commonly observed margin‐parallel fast direction in the forearc region but can explain margin‐normal fast directions that are observed in the arc and backarc regions of oblique subduction zones.