bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-flat optical frequency comb generation based on electro-optic intensity modulator with digital driving signal
Authors: Liu Yu , Wu Shibao , Shen Xianmin 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
We propose a new scheme to generate flat optical frequency combs (OFCs) by the electro-optic modulation method. A digital signal is used instead of the usual RF signal to drive an electro-optic intensity modulator (IM), a band-stop filter is employed to flatten the comb lines. When suitable filter bandwidth is found, the ultra-flat optical frequency comb will be generated. The scheme can generate a large number of comb lines, the number of lines is selective, and the flatness of the comb lines is less than 0.4 dB. The comb spacing of OFCs can be adjusted by controlling the bit rate of the digital signal which is simple and easy to operate. The theoretical model of the scheme is established. Two kinds of band-stop filters (Butterworth and Gaussian) are used for comparison.
A tumoral and peritumoral CT-based Radiomics and Machine learning approach to predict the microsatellite instability of rectal carcinoma
Authors: Peng Yu , Xu Xiren , Tu Shiliang , Wei Yuguo , Ma Yanqing , Yuan Hang 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose To predict the status of microsatellite instability (MSI) of rectal carcinoma (RC) using different machine learning algorithms based on tumoral and peritumoral radiomics combined with clinicopathological characteristics. Methods There were 487 RC patients enrolled in this retrospective study. The tumoral and peritumoral CT-based radiomic features were calculated after tumor segmentation. The radiomic features from two radiologists were compared by the method of inter-observer correlation coefficient (ICC). After methods of variance, correlation, and dimension reduction, six machine learning algorithms of logistic regression (LR), Bayes, support vector machine, random forest, k-nearest neighbor, and decision tree were conducted to develop models in predicting MSI status of RC. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was quantified. The radiomics and significant clinicopathological variables were integrated the radiomics-clinicopathological nomogram. The receiver operator curve (ROC) was made by Delong test and the area under curve (AUC) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated to evaluate the performance of the model. Results The venous phase of CT examination was selected for further analysis because of the proportion of radiomic features with ICC greater than 0.75 was higher. The tumoral and peritumoral model by LR algorithm (M-LR) with minimal RSD showed good performance in predicting MSI status of RC with the AUCs of 0.817 and 0.726 in the training and validation set. The radiomic-clinicopathological nomogram conducted better in both the training and validation set with the AUCs of 0.843 and 0.737. Conclusion The radiomics-clinicopathological nomogram demonstrated the better predictive performance in evaluating the MSI status of RC.
Prehospital diagnostic algorithm for acute coronary syndrome using machine learning: a prospective observational study
Authors: Takeda Masahiko , Oami Takehiko , Hayashi Yosuke , Shimada Tadanaga , Hattori Noriyuki , Tateishi Kazuya , Miura Rie E. , Yamao Yasuo , Abe Ryuzo , Kobayashi Yoshio , Nakada Taka-aki 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Rapid and precise prehospital recognition of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is key to improving clinical outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that the machine learning-based prehospital algorithm shows a high predictive power for predicting ACS. We conducted a multicenter observational prospective study that included 10 participating facilities in an urban area of Japan. The data from consecutive adult patients, identified by emergency medical service personnel with suspected ACS, were analyzed. The primary outcomes were binary classification models for ACS prediction based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting. Of the 555 enrolled patients, 388 (70%) were randomly assigned to a training cohort, and 167 (30%) were placed in a test cohort. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting model for ACS using 43 features performed well (area under the receiver operating curve 0.879 [95% CI 0.815–0.935]) in the test cohort. We repeated the analysis with a limited number of selected features, and the performance of the eXtreme Gradient Boosting model using 17 features remained high (area under the receiver operating curve 0.883 [95% CI 0.820–0.939]) in the test cohort. We found that the machine learning-based prehospital algorithms showed a high predictive power for predicting ACS.
A Green approach to the removal of Malachite Green dye from aqueous medium using chitosan/cellulose blend.
Authors: Shetty Bhavyashri , R Yashodha S , Johns Jobish 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The usage of a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of dye from an aqueous solution is presented in this paper. This work focuses on the prospective use of chitosan/cellulose blend to remove the Malachite green (MG) from an aqueous medium. Optimization of experimental conditions to find the maximum dye adsorption is studied in detail. Results revealed that the maximum adsorption of dye occurs within 30 minutes of the experiment. The SEM images exhibited a change in their surface morphology upon the adsorption of dye. The adsorption isotherm of MG fits the Langmuir and Freundlich equations and follows the pseudo-second-order rate equation. Freundlich isotherm exhibited the maximum adsorption capacity of 115.1 mg/g when compared to Langmuir isotherm. 98.65% of dye degradation is observed at room temperature for an adsorbent dosage of 0.2g per 30 ml initial dye concentration. Current analysis and its comparison studies with other reports on adsorbents conclude that the chitosan/cellulose blend can be considered a cost-effective choice for the removal of MG.
The diabetes mellitus multimorbidity network in people over 50 years: An analysis of Chinese data
Authors: Chen Chao , Liang Minyi , Li Yilin , Chen Shimin , Lian Tingyu , Pan Xueyan , Zhang Lei , Liu Huansheng , Ni Jindong 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Objective: To characterize the patients in the diabetes mellitus (DM) multimorbidity network in people over 50 years and explore the association between DM and other chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the variations in age and sex subgroups.Methods: Data on 75 NCDs were extracted from electronic medical record of 309,843 hospitalized patients older than 50-years-old who had at least one NCD. The association rules analysis was used as a novel cluster method. Result: The four NCDs that co-occurred with DM at the highest prevalence were hypertension (Hyp) (14.19%), dyslipidemia (Dys) (7.27%), cerebrovascular disease (CVD) (7.00%) and chronic liver disease (CLD) (6.15%). The most common triads were (Hyp, CVD, DM) (5.55%); (Hyp, Dys, DM) (4.80%); and (Hyp, coronary heart disease (CHD), DM) (4.44%). A total of 12 NCDs were closely related to DM ( >1.1) with (cholelithiasis (Cho), DM) as an unexpected combination. Coexistence of (Dys, DM) and (gout, DM) had the largest in male and female groups. The negative related cluster contained seven NCDs ( <0.9). There were nine NCDs included in the strong association rules. In males, the strongest rule was (peripheral vascular disease (PVD), Dys, DM), while (Hyp, Dys, CLD, DM) was the strongest in females. Most combinations were different by age and sex. In patients younger than 70 years, Hyp, CLD, and Dys were the most dominant NCDs in the DM multimorbidity network. In patients 70 years or older, chronic kidney disease (CKD), CVD, CHD, and heart disease (HD) frequently co-occurred with DM. Gout was more common in females. There were differences in the findings for Dys in male and female groups. Conclusion: Future primary healthcare policies for DM should be formulated based on age and sex. In patients younger than 70 years, more attention for hypertension, CLD, and Dyslipidemia is needed, while attention for CKD, CVD, CHD and HD is needed in patients older than 70 years. More attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of the concurrence of gout and DM in females. Furthermore, there should be different recommendations in the guidelines for treatment of dyslipidemia in DM patients by sex.
A ferroptosis-related signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in cervical squamous carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yuling , Fu Xing , Yang Yiping 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death that plays a vital role in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the prognostic value of ferroptosis related genes (FRGs) in cervical squamous carcinoma (CSC) remains unknown. Method: Differentially expressed FRGs (DE-FRGs) were identified via the GEO2R online tool. Univariate and LASSO cox regression analyses were used to develop a ferroptosis-related signature. Kaplan-Meier curves, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), and Cox regression analyses were applied to explore the prognostic performance of signature. GSEA analysis was used to identify tumor hallmarks. The immune inflation and Immunophenoscore (IPS) analysis were used to predict immune response. Result: A total of 22 differentially expressed FRGs were screened between CSC and normal tissue. Based on the DE-FRGs, CSC patients were classified into three subtypes, with significant immune status and survival differences. The ferroptosis-related signature was developed based on 5-FRGs by LASSO cox regression analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 0.755, 0.701, and 0.697 in the TCGA, and 0.790, 0.756, and 0.701 in the GSE52903, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves indicate a poor prognosis for the high risk group. The riskscore was an independent prognostic factor. The term of hypoxia, epithelial mesenchymal transition，mtorc1signal，myc-targets were enriched in high risk group. The infiltration of T-cell CD8+, Myeloid dendritic cell resting，and Mast cell resting was higher in the low-risk group. IPS analysis suggests that patients with low risk score may be suitable for immunotherapy. We found a lower risk score correlated with the immunotherapy response (PR/CR) group than in the non-response (PD/SD) group by datasets of GSE78220 and IMvigor210. Surprisingly, the AUCs for predicting immune response were 0.728 and 0.628, respectively, which were better than PD-1 and PDL-1.We constructed a ferroptosis-related signature that can accurately predict prognosis and correlates with immune infiltration and immunotherapy.
Hypoxic microenvironment as a crucial factor triggering events leading to rupture of intracranial aneurysm
Authors: Ono Isao , Kayahara Tomomichi , Kawashima Akitsugu , Okada Akihiro , Miyamoto Susumu , Kataoka Hiroharu , Kurita Hiroki , Ishii Akira , Aoki Tomohiro 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage being the rupture of intracranial aneurysm (IA) as a major cause has a high mortality rate. It is thus mandatory for social health to clarify mechanisms regulating rupture of IAs and to develop a novel therapeutic strategy. Recently, the formation of vasa vasorum in lesions presumably for inflammatory cells to infiltrate in lesions has been clarified as a potential histopathological alternation leading to rupture. We clarified the origin of this structure as arteries on brain surface and the presence of hypoxic microenvironment mainly at the adventitia of intracranial arteries where IA is induced. The production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) not only from cultured macrophages in such a hypoxic condition but also at rupture-prone IA lesions induced in a rat model was clarified. We further found the accumulation of VEGF in human unruptured IA lesions, supporting the production of VEGF in situ. Finally, we confirmed the VEGF-dependent migration of neovessels into subarachnoid space from arteries on brain surface. Because of the lack of vasa vasorum and being surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid space, the formation of hypoxic microenvironment becomes a character of intracranial arteries and inflammatory responses could further facilitate such a condition. Additionally, the attachment of IA to brain surface might be an important factor for the migration of vasa vasorum from arteries on brain surface. The findings have revealed the potential role of hypoxic microenvironment as a potential machinery triggering rupture of IAs via providing root for inflammatory cells to infiltrate into lesions and exacerbate inflammation.
Emicizumab in children: bleeding episodes and outcome before and after transition to Emicizumab
Authors: Glonnegger Hannah , Andresen Felicia , Kapp Friedrich , Malvestiti Stefano , Büchsel Martin , Zieger Barbara 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Real-world data and study data regarding therapy with Emicizumab in pediatric cohorts with haemophilia A is scarce. Especially, data on previously untreated pediatric patients (PUPs) and minimally treated patients (MTPs) are missing.
Methods
14 pediatric patients with haemophilia A and treatment with Emicizumab were retrospectively evaluated for Annual Bleeding Rates (ABR) pre-and post-Emicizumab treatment. Safety data and data on management of minor surgery as well as laboratory results were collected. Additionally, we describe the clinical features of two PUPs and one MTP that are included in our cohort.
Results
Median age at initiation of Emicizumab was 5.9 (0.26–21.34) years, three patients were younger than one year at initiation of treatment with Emicizumab. Median follow-up time on Emicizumab was 24 (0.7–40) months. Total ABR (p = 0.006) as well as spontaneous (p = 0.018), traumatic (p = 0.012), and joint (p = 0.018) ABR reduced significantly post-Emicizumab transition. Safety profile was favourable as only one local site reaction occurred; no cessation of treatment was necessary. Surgery was successfully performed in three patients receiving rFVlla pre- and post-surgery. Emicizumab trough levels showed a median of 43.4 µg/ml (23.9–72.1) after three doses of 3 mg/kg and 53.9 µg/ml (30.4–75) at first follow-up with 1.5 mg/kg.
Conclusion
Emicizumab is safe and efficient in pediatric patients with and without inhibitors. More data on larger multicenter cohorts and especially on PUPs/MTPs are still needed.
A Method for Correcting TRMM Satellite Temperature Network in Mazandaran Province
Authors: Nadi Mehdi , Kebriya Alireza Yousefi 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The accurate spatial estimation of temperature is crucial in climate research. This study investigated the efficiency of temperature products of the TRMM satellite in estimating temperature in Mazandaran Province, and its accuracy were compared with inverse distance weighting and Co-Kriging interpolation methods. Finally, a new method was proposed to improve the accuracy of temperature estimation by combining the TRMM temperature products and terrains. Data recorded at 25 meteorological stations and 26 monthly and annual TRMM satellite images in 2012 and 2013 were used. The results showed a significant correlation between temperature data and satellite products, latitude, and altitude in significance level of 95%. Analyzing error indices showed that TRMM products have underestimation error that this bias error contributed to about 60% of error in these satellite images. Despite the larger error of TRMM products than interpolation methods, the regression analysis results demonstrated the superiority of satellite temperature products over interpolation methods. Furthermore, higher correlation of observed and estimated data showing that satellite products give a better understanding of cold and hot points of the study area despite its underestimation error. Combining satellite temperature products with influential covariates of altitude and latitude in the regression equation reduced the temperature estimation error of the TRMM products by 80%. The estimation precision increased over 70% compared to other temperature interpolation methods. Analyzing isotherm maps indicate the higher temperature of eastern coasts than western coasts. Moreover, evaluating different temperature estimation methods showed the higher precision of the methods that involved covariates than other methods.
Investiation on the pollution release characteristics of subgrade base materials prepared by thermal desorption residues of oil-based cuttings
Authors: Li Xingchun , Zhou Ying , Li Hui , Zhan Feng , Liu Yucheng , Wang Ziming , Tu Wenwen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The thermal desorption residues of oil-based drilling cuttings’ final destination managements are still strict because of the unclear pollution characteristics of its resource products. The thermal desorption residues were prepared into subgrade base materials, and the semi-dynamic leaching tests were used to simulate the leaching characteristics of pollutants under extremely acidic conditions. In the semi-dynamic test, the concentrations of pollutants such as naphthalene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, Cd, and Zn meet the Class III water quality requirements of “Standard for groundwater quality”(GB/T 14848-2017). According to Fick’s second law, the release of naphthalene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, and Cd of leaching is dominated by diffusion; the release of benzo(a)pyrene and Zn of leaching is mainly dissolution. The release law and characteristics of pollutants were explored when thermal desorption residues were applied as subgrade base materials, which provided an important reference basis for the resource and utilization of thermal desorption residues.
Effects of temperature, humidity, and air saturation state on the transmission risk prediction of COVID-19 in typical scenarios
Authors: Mao Ning , Zhang Dingkun , Li Yupei , Li Ying , Li Jin , Zhao Li , Wang Qingqin , Cheng Zhu , Zhang Yin , Long Enshen 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Environmental parameters have a significant impact on the spread of respiratory viral diseases. Temperature and relative humidity are correlated with viral inactivation in the air, whereas supersaturated air can promote viral deposition in the respiratory tract. This study introduces a new concept, the dynamic virus deposition ratio (α), that reflects the dynamic changes in particle size and viral deposition under varying ambient environments. Moreover, a non-steady-state modified Wells-Riley model is established to predict the infection risk of shared air space under varying environmental parameters, including temperature, relative humidity, and air saturation state. The quanta emission rate of an asymptomatic infector during different respiratory activities (breath, voice, and cough) are explored, and the differences in the infection risk under saturated and unsaturated air conditions are also compared. Finally, six typical exposure scenarios from daily life are also explored, highlighting scenarios of higher risk. The results show that the highest infection risk (Rmax=5.2%) and the longest risk duration (Tterminal=6.8h) are both reached in cold and damp conditions. This study quantitatively reflects how environmental parameters are linked to viral inactivation and particle deposition, affecting transmission risk.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc oxide Nanoparticles for Antifungal And Antibacterial Activity.
Authors: Yadav Sumit , Sisodia Veenu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Zinc Oxide Nano particles promise an important role in various industries like pharma, fertilizer, textiles and garments due to their specific properties such as anti-fungal, antibacterial and anti-rust. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared by eco-friendly wet chemical method. Formation of ZnO nanoparticles was confirmed by using spectroscopic and microscopic investigations. Samples were characterized using Ultra-Violet Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron microscope, X-ray Diffraction, four probe Voltage-Current characterizations and Antifungal and antimicrobial activity
Identification of key genes and long non-coding RNA expression profiles in osteoporosis with rheumatoid arthritis based on bioinformatics analysis
Authors: An Jinyu , Wen Huilong , Hu Huidong , Wu Yixiong , Ma Xingna 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic tissue disease characterized by osteoporosis and fragility fractures. However, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes, associated biological processes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) between osteoporosis and RA using a bioinformatics approach to elucidate the pathogenesis.
Results
A total of 28 mRNAs and 2 lncRNAs were differentially expressed both in RA and osteoporosis. Chromosome mapping of consensus DEmRNAs revealed that chromosome 1 contained the greatest number. GO and KEGG results suggested that the DEmRNAs in RA and osteoporosis were commonly involved in “platelet degranulation”,“platelet alpha granule”, “platelet activation”, “tight junction” and “leukocyte transendothelial migration”. Most of them were related to PLTs. In the PPI network, MT-ATP6 and PTGS1 might be the hub genes. Interestingly, MT-ATP6 derived from mitochondrial DNA. Through co-expression analysis, we identify two potential key pairs of lncRNAs and target mRNAs, including RP11 − 815J21.2 - MT − ATP6 and RP11 − 815J21.2- PTGS1. It indicated that lncRNA RP11 − 815J21.2 could be a potential candidate as biomarker.
Conclusions
Analysis of this study revealed that dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs in RA and osteoporosis might affect the platelet activation and some associated pathways. MT-ATP6 and PTGS1 might be a novel target. The biological function of lncRNA RP11 − 815J21.2 need to be further validated.
Effect of peripheral laser photocoagulation retinopexy on macular morphology and optic nerve fiber layer thickness; A prospective case series
Authors: Johari Mohammadkarim , Khani Salman , Amini Abdulrahim , Bolkheir Alireza 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The goal of the research was to determine the incidence of microstructural alterations in the macula and optic nerve head (ONH) occurred in eyes treated with peripheral laser photocoagulation retinopexy.
Methods
Patients with retinal breaks, retinal holes, retinal dialysis, and lattice degenerations who required peripheral laser photocoagulation retinopexy were recruited in this prospective case series investigation. We performed preoperative and postoperative evaluations, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, funduscopic examination, and macular and ONH optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Results
33 eyes of the 23 patients enrolled in this study, 14 of which were female. The mean age of the sample was 45.12 ± 9.12 years. The mean refractive error was − 2.45 ± 1.12 Diopters (D). The most prevalent reason for peripheral laser photocoagulation retinopexy was retinal thinning with symptomatic lattice degeneration (90%), followed by retinal hole and break (7%) and retinal dialysis (3%). Between preoperative and postoperative (6-month) evaluation, there was no statistically significant difference in BCVA (P = 0.82), IOP (P = 0.54), central foveal thickness in macular OCT (P = 0.39), or global retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (P = 0.51). There was no association between changes in central foveal and global RNFL thickness and total laser spot numbers (r = -0.17 P = 0.21, r = 0.06 P = 0.60, respectively). Our patients did not develop cystoid macular edema or epiretinal membrane.
Conclusion
Peripheral laser photocoagualation retinopexy is a safe procedure for treatment of retinal breaks that significantly minimizes the likelihood of development to retinal detachment.