bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is necessary to shorten the operative time in initial introduction of robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer?
Authors: Osaki Tomohiro , Tatebe Shigeru , Nakamura Noriaki , Takano Takeshi , Uchinaka Ei , Tada Yoichiro , Endo Kanenori , Ashida Keigo , Hirooka Yasuaki 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIntroductionRobotic gastrectomy (RG) is a good alternative to laparoscopic gastrectomy, as it improves treatment outcomes and reduces the burden of technical difficulties; however, prolonged operative time may be a disadvantage. This study aimed to identify measures to shorten the operative time during the initial introduction of RG at an institution.MethodsWe assessed 33 patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical distal gastrectomy with Billroth‐I reconstruction and divided them into three groups: laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG), robotic distal gastrectomy in the early phase (RDG‐E), and in the late phase (RDG‐L). Operative time, six technical steps, and junk time, including the roll‐in/roll‐out, docking/undocking, and instrument exchange times, were compared among the groups.ResultsThe median (range) overall operative times of LDG, RDG‐E, and RDG‐L were 248 (179–323), 304 (249–383), and 263 (220–367) min, respectively, but no significant differences were observed. For each surgical step of RG, RDG‐L in suprapancreatic lymph node dissection was significantly shorter than that in RDG‐E. The median (range) junk times of LDG, RDG‐E, and RDG‐L were 16.7 (12.7–26.4), 48.3 (38.6–67.7), and 42.0 (35.4–49.2) min, respectively. Junk time was significantly longer in RDG‐L than in LDG (p = 0.003), but not significant between RDG‐E and RDG‐L. The learning curve effect of overall, console, and junk times were achieved in four cases of RDG.ConclusionJunk time is a major factor in prolonging RDG operative time. However, to reduce the time after initial introduction, measures to promote robot‐specific standardization and more effective use of robotic instruments are essential.
How the breadth and depth of import relationships affect the performance of Canadian manufacturers
Authors: Bombardini Matilde , Keith Head C. , Tito Maria D. , Wang Ruoying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between a manufacturing firm's import behaviour and its performance. The focus is on two aspects of imports, input variety and the dynamics of import relationships. Using identification conditions borrowed from the production function estimation literature, we show that firms importing more products from a larger set of suppliers tend to be larger, more productive and more successful in export markets. Not only does the number of supply relationships matter but also the duration. Firms maintaining a higher share of continuous supply relationships also benefit from size and productivity effects. These results suggest that the breadth and depth of the import network are relevant factors for the performance of Canadian manufacturers, underscoring the importance of pursuing trade liberalizations with new partners and trade facilitation with established sources of suppliers.
MEK/ERK‐mediated oncogenic signals promote secretion of extracellular vesicles by controlling lysosome function
Authors: Hikita Tomoya , Uehara Ryo , Itoh Reina E. , Mitani Fumie , Miyata Mamiko , Yoshida Takuya , Yamaguchi Rui , Oneyama Chitose 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCancer cells secrete large amounts of extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Mature MVBs fuse either with the plasma membrane for release as EVs, often referred as to exosomes or with lysosomes for degradation. However, the mechanisms regulating MVB fate remain unknown. Here, we investigated the regulators of MVB fate by analyzing the effects of signaling inhibitors on EV secretion from cancer cells engineered to secrete luciferase‐labeled EVs. Inhibition of the oncogenic MEK/ERK pathway suppressed EV release and activated lysosome formation. MEK/ERK‐mediated lysosomal inactivation impaired MVB degradation, resulting in increased EV secretion from cancer cells. Moreover, MEK/ERK inhibition prevented c‐MYC expression and induced the nuclear translocation of MiT/TFE transcription factors, thereby promoting the activation of lysosome‐related genes, including the gene encoding a subunit of vacuolar‐type H+‐ATPase, which is responsible for lysosomal acidification and function. Furthermore, c‐MYC upregulation was associated with lysosomal gene downregulation in MEK/ERK‐activated renal cancer cells/tissues. These findings suggest that the MEK/ERK/c‐MYC pathway controls MVB fate and promotes EV production in human cancers by inactivating lysosomal function.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on young children and their caregivers
Authors: Costa Priscila , Cruz Andréia Cascaes , Alves Annelise , Rodrigues Martinez Calazans , Ferguson Ronald 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has adversely impacted child development and the well‐being of caregivers, and such evidence ought to be used to inform public policy decisions. This study investigated the impact of COVID‐19 on children's behaviours and their caregivers' needs.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 153 caregivers of children (from 0 to 5 years old) from three public daycare centres in Brazil. The Nurturing Care Framework of the World Health Organization was used to guide the assessment of caregivers' needs. Online data collection using a questionnaire was conducted from June to July 2020.ResultsThe COVID‐19 pandemic increased stressors such as low family income, unemployment, sadness, depression and anxiety of caregivers. Their most commonly reported needs were related to offering age‐appropriate playful activities (49.7%), organizing the care routine of children at home (41.8%) and educating children when they do something wrong (39.9%). Additionally, the results showed that misbehaviour, aggressiveness and agitation occurred more frequently among preschoolers than infants or toddlers (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, public policies should provide mental health support to caregivers, as well as information about security, safety and early learning opportunities for childcare at home.
Early‐life predictors and risk factors of peanut allergy, and its association with asthma in later‐life: Population‐based birth cohort study
Authors: Kotsapas Constantinos , Nicolaou Nicolaos , Haider Sadia , Kerry Gina , Turner Paul J. , Murray Clare S. , Simpson Angela , Custovic Adnan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding risk factors for peanut allergy (PA) is essential to develop effective preventive measures.ObjectiveThe objective was to ascertain associates and predictors of PA, and the relationship between PA and asthma severity.MethodsIn a population‐based birth cohort, we investigated the association between objectively confirmed PA with early‐life environmental exposures, filaggrin (FLG)‐loss‐of‐function mutations and other atopic disease. We then examined the association of PA with longitudinal trajectories of sensitization, wheeze and allergic comorbidities, which were previously derived using machine learning. Finally, we ascertained the relationship between PA and asthma severity.ResultsPA was confirmed in 30/959 participants with evaluable data. In the multivariate analysis, eczema in infancy (OR = 4.4, 95% CI 1.5–13.2, p = 0.007), egg sensitization at age 3 years (OR = 9.7, 95% CI 3.3–29.9, p < 0.001) and early‐life cat ownership (OR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–8.4, p = 0.04) were independent associates of PA. In the stratified analysis among 700 participants with genetic information, in children with early‐life eczema there was no difference in FLG mutations between children with and without PA (3/18 [16.7%] vs. 42/220 [19.1%], p = 1.00). In contrast, among children without eczema, those with PA were almost eight times more likely to have FLG mutations (2/6 [33.3%] vs. 27/456 [5.9%], p = 0.049). We observed associations between PA and multiple allergic sensitization profiles derived using machine learning, with ~60‐fold increase in risk among individuals assigned to multiple early sensitization. PA was significantly associated with persistent wheeze (but not other wheeze phenotypes), and with trajectories of atopic disease characterized by co‐morbid persistent eczema and wheeze (but not with transient phenotypes). Children with PA were more likely to have asthma, but among asthmatics we found no evidence of an association between PA and asthma severity.ConclusionsPeanut allergy is associated with multiple IgE sensitization and early‐onset persistent eczema and wheeze. FLG loss‐of‐function mutations were associated with peanut allergy in children without eczema.
‘I was putting her first’: Birth parents' experiences of ‘consent’ to adoption from care in England
Authors: Lewis Shirley 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdoption is the preferred form of permanence for young children in care in England who are unable to live with their birth family or relatives. However, there have been growing concerns about the use of adoption, particularly in cases where birth parents have not given their consent. Despite concerns, there has been little research into birth parents' views of consent in adoption. This article reports on the experiences of 12 birth mothers and 2 birth fathers whose children were adopted from care in England. Birth parents' views on consent changed throughout the adoption process. They reported that care proceedings could be traumatic, and they did not always understand what was happening. There was a disparity in the quality of legal advice and social work support that birth parents received. The findings raise questions for practice around the level of support birth parents receive during and after care proceedings and highlight the importance of good quality support.
A Generative Framework for Image‐based Editing of Material Appearance using Perceptual Attributes
Authors: Delanoy J. , Lagunas M. , Condor J. , Gutierrez D. , Masia B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSingle‐image appearance editing is a challenging task, traditionally requiring the estimation of additional scene properties such as geometry or illumination. Moreover, the exact interaction of light, shape and material reflectance that elicits a given perceptual impression is still not well understood. We present an image‐based editing method that allows to modify the material appearance of an object by increasing or decreasing high‐level perceptual attributes, using a single image as input. Our framework relies on a two‐step generative network, where the first step drives the change in appearance and the second produces an image with high‐frequency details. For training, we augment an existing material appearance dataset with perceptual judgements of high‐level attributes, collected through crowd‐sourced experiments, and build upon training strategies that circumvent the cumbersome need for original‐edited image pairs. We demonstrate the editing capabilities of our framework on a variety of inputs, both synthetic and real, using two common perceptual attributes (Glossy and Metallic), and validate the perception of appearance in our edited images through a user study.
Pharmacometabonomic association of cyclophosphamide 4‐hydroxylation in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: McCune Jeannine S. , Nakamura Ryotaro , O’Meally Denis , Randolph Timothy W. , Sandmaier Brenda M. , Karolak Aleksandra , Hockenbery David , Navarro Sandi L. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe widely used alkylating agent cyclophosphamide (CY) has substantive interpatient variability in the area under the curve (AUC) of it and its metabolites. Numerous factors may influence the drug‐metabolizing enzymes that metabolize CY to 4‐hydroxycyclophosphamide (4HCY), the principal precursor to CY’s cytotoxic metabolite. We sought to identify endogenous metabolomics compounds (EMCs) associated with 4HCY formation clearance (ratio of 4HCY/CY AUC) using global metabolomics. Patients who undergo hematopoietic cell transplantation receiving post‐transplant CY (PT‐CY) were enrolled, cohort 1 (n = 26) and cohort 2 (n = 25) donating longitudinal blood samples before they started HCT (pre‐HCT), before infusion of the donor allograft (pre‐graft), before the first dose of PT‐CY (pre‐CY), and 24 h after the first dose of PT‐CY (24‐h post‐CY), which is also immediately before the second dose of CY. A total of 512 and 498 EMCs were quantitated in two cohorts, respectively. Both univariate linear regression with false discovery rate (FDR), and pathway enrichment analyses using a global association test were performed. At the pre‐CY time point, no EMCs were associated at FDR less than 0.1. At pre‐HCT, cohort 1 had one EMC (levoglucosan) survive the FDR threshold. At pre‐graft, cohort 1 and cohort 2 had 20 and 13 EMCs, respectively, exhibiting unadjusted p values less than 0.05, with the only EMCs having an FDR less than 0.1 being two unknown EMCs. At 24‐h post‐CY, there were three EMCs, two ketones, and threitol, at FDR less than 0.1 in cohort 2. These results demonstrate the potential of pharmacometabonomics, but future studies in larger samples are needed to optimize CY.
Diversity and patterns of marine non‐native species in the archipelagos of Macaronesia
Authors: Castro Nuno , Carlton James T. , Costa Ana C. , Marques Carolina S. , Hewitt Chad L. , Cacabelos Eva , Lopes Evandro , Gizzi Francesca , Gestoso Ignacio , Monteiro João G. , Costa José L. , Parente Manuela , Ramalhosa Patrício , Fofonoff Paul , Chainho Paula , Haroun Ricardo , Santos Ricardo S. , Herrera Rogelio , Marques Tiago A. , Ruiz Gregory M. , Canning‐Clode João 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThe present study is the first attempt to grasp the scale and richness of marine biological invasions in Macaronesia. We pioneered a comprehensive non‐native species (NNS), inventory in the region to determine their diversity patterns and native distribution origins. NNS were defined here as the result of both introductions and range expansions. We also used statistical modelling to examine relationships among NNS richness, anthropogenic activities, demographic and geographical variables across Macaronesia.LocationMacaronesia.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted for marine NNS records in Macaronesia, registering the first record's location and year from 1884 to 2020. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate differences and similarities in community composition. By applying a Generalized Linear Model (GLM), we tested hypotheses regarding NNS richness as a function of anthropogenic activities, demographic and geographical variables.ResultsA total of 144 marine non‐native species (NNS) were recorded for the whole of Macaronesia. The highest NNS richness was registered in the Canary Islands (76 NNS), followed by the Azores (66 NNS), Madeira (59 NNS) and finally Cabo Verde (18 NNS). Some differences amongst archipelagos were observed, such as the high number of non‐native macroalgae in the Azores, fishes in the Canary Islands and tunicates in Cabo Verde. Overall, macroalgae, tunicates and bryozoans were the predominant taxonomic groups in the Macaronesian archipelagos. Madeira and Canary Islands were the archipelagos with more similarity in marine NNS, and Cabo Verde the most divergent. Finally, GLM suggested that non‐native richness patterns across Macaronesia were dependent on the considered archipelago and strongly affected by (1) minimum distance to the mainland, (2) the total number of ports and marinas and (3) total marinas area (km2).ConclusionsThe model results and NNS listing in the present study will likely raise the awareness and response regarding marine NNS in the whole Macaronesia region, serving as a baseline for future research as well as implementing and enforcing regulations related to the introduction of marine NNS in oceanic islands.
The microfoundation of macroeconomic populism: The effects of economic inequality on public inflation aversion
Authors: Kim Hyunwoo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPrevious work on the politics of monetary policy has focused on the role of distributive motives stemming from individual characteristics such as income or factoral/sectoral interests in citizens' formation of monetary policy preferences. However, the existing literature has paid little attention to how a country's overall distributive context, namely, its level of economic inequality, affects citizens' preferences vis‐à‐vis price stability and employment. This article argues that as inequality pushes more citizens below a society's average income, there is more demand for redistribution through higher employment and increased fiscal spending, each of which can be better supported by expansionary monetary policy. This means that inequality makes citizens more tolerant of inflation. This study uses the International Social Survey Program, the Integrated Values Surveys, and the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, which together include 293,100 respondents from 53 countries between the years 1976 and 2016 to demonstrate that overall, inequality significantly moderates citizens' inflation aversion.
Transcendental idealism as formal idealism
Authors: Anderson R. Lanier 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTranscendental idealism is the basic worldview shaping Kant's critical philosophy, but its proper interpretation is enormously contested. I identify five constraints on an adequate interpretation, which collectively stand in apparent tension. These serve to highlight internal difficulties of the view itself, and also to reveal serious challenges for both the more standard phenomenalist and deflationary interpretations, and newer “moderate metaphysical” approaches. Difficulty centers on how to reconcile Kant's widespread claims that things in themselves are identical to appearances, in some sense, with his equally widespread insistence that they are (and must be) non‐identical. I suggest that Kant's view must have been that the objects of knowledge are (strictly) partially mind‐dependent, and that the Kantian hylomorphic idea of formal idealism can explain this partial mind‐dependence. The result points toward an anti‐metaphysical interpretation of Kantian idealism, according to which the metaphysical question of identity between things in themselves and appearances should be rejected as illegitimate, rather than answered.
Disentangling key species interactions in diverse and heterogeneous communities: A Bayesian sparse modelling approach
Authors: Weiss‐Lehman Christopher P. , Werner Chhaya M. , Bowler Catherine H. , Hallett Lauren M. , Mayfield Margaret M. , Godoy Oscar , Aoyama Lina , Barabás György , Chu Chengjin , Ladouceur Emma , Larios Loralee , Shoemaker Lauren G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractModelling species interactions in diverse communities traditionally requires a prohibitively large number of species‐interaction coefficients, especially when considering environmental dependence of parameters. We implemented Bayesian variable selection via sparsity‐inducing priors on non‐linear species abundance models to determine which species interactions should be retained and which can be represented as an average heterospecific interaction term, reducing the number of model parameters. We evaluated model performance using simulated communities, computing out‐of‐sample predictive accuracy and parameter recovery across different input sample sizes. We applied our method to a diverse empirical community, allowing us to disentangle the direct role of environmental gradients on species’ intrinsic growth rates from indirect effects via competitive interactions. We also identified a few neighbouring species from the diverse community that had non‐generic interactions with our focal species. This sparse modelling approach facilitates exploration of species interactions in diverse communities while maintaining a manageable number of parameters.
Secure protocols for smart contract based insurance services
Authors: Wilusz Daniel , Wójtowicz Adam 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCryptocurrency‐based transactions are exposed to serious security risks, usually higher than risks related to traditional online transactions. The threats range from unintentional credential leaks, through fraudulent cryptocurrency exchanges and poorly implemented protocols, to broken private keys. Therefore, there is a business need for insurance services dedicated to cryptocurrencies that would be technologically as well as economically secure for both insuring and insured party. In this paper an architecture for cryptocurrency insurance framework along with a set of corresponding communication protocols and a smart contract template that jointly reduce various security risks are proposed. The detailed description of the solution is followed by the security analysis section. Also, the description of the presented solution is preceded by a general risk analysis related to cryptocurrency unit security and countermeasures analysis related to those risks. The authors believe that the presented technological solution can potentially enable new business models based on crypto‐insurance services.
Effects of acute ethanol and/or diazepam exposure on immediate and delayed hippocampal metabolite levels in rats anesthetized with isoflurane
Authors: Carton Louise , Auger Florent , Laloux Charlotte , Durieux Nicolas , Kyheng Maéva , Potey Camille , Bergeron Sandrine , Rolland Benjamin , Deguil Julie , Bordet Régis 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAlcohol and benzodiazepines are psychoactive substances frequently associated in voluntary drug intoxications that share common mechanisms of action, including facilitation of GABAergic transmission. This study aimed to assess the separate and combined effects of ethanol and diazepam acute exposure on hippocampal metabolite levels, as well as on delayed cognitive performance, in rats anesthetized with isoflurane. Adult male Wistar rats received one intraperitoneal injection containing either saline solution (“CTL” group, N = 15), a 5‐mg/kg dose of diazepam (“DIA” group, N = 16), a 2‐g/kg dose of ethanol (“EtOH” group, N = 18), or a 5‐mg/kg dose of diazepam + a 2‐g/kg dose of ethanol (“DIA + EtOH” group, N = 24). The levels of brain metabolites in the hippocampal region were assessed using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) before and after injection. Behavioral testing, including working memory and visual recognition memory assessment, was performed at week 3, while a new MRS acquisition was conducted 4 weeks after the injection. In the hour following acute exposure, a decrease in glutamate levels was found in the DIA + EtOH group only. Four weeks after injection, a decrease in GABA and glutamate levels and an increase in NAA levels were found in the EtOH group only. No significant between‐group differences were found in the behavioral assessment. While the initial decrease in glutamate levels in the DIA + EtOH group suggests an early potentiation effect between ethanol and diazepam, the long‐term modifications found only in the EtOH group suggest a possible downregulation of ethanol's effect by diazepam at 4 weeks.