bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permeability Measurements of Fiber Preforms and Applications
Authors: Han Ken , Lee Bill , Rice Brian 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Permeability plays a key role in liquid composite molding processes for mold and process design. A new technique is developed to measure permeabilities for anisotropic fiber preforms with a high fiber content. In this method, four pressure transducers are used to measure the pressure distribution in a radial flow. In this way, permeabilities in the different directions can be determined. The racetracking effects, the permeability of the high permeability layer used in vacuum assisted RTM and the equivalent permeability in the channels used in SCRIMP were also investigated in this study. The measured fiber preform permeability, resin viscosity and kinetic models were used in a 3D flow model to simulate the liquid composite molding process for aerospace applications.
Evaluation of Complex Stress Intensity Factors in Debonded Sandwich Beams
Authors: Sankar Bhavani V. , Dharmapuri Sreerama M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The overall objective of the project are to develop methods to characterize the damage tolerance of sandwich panels with disbonded face sheets under inplane compression, and to develop a criterion for predicting the allowable disbond for a given set of inplane loading. As part of the study we characterize the mixed mode fracture toughness by conducting double cantilever beam and UCSB four-point bend tests. The complex stress intensity factors for the test conditions are computes using a plane finite element model of the beam. The results include the effect of various parameters such as core thickness, face sheet thickness and core density on the mode mixity as well as the absolute value of the stress intensity factor. The validity of simple beam theory models also explored for the purpose of estimating the mode mixity.
Risperidone and aripiprazole for autism spectrum disorder in children: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Fieiras Cecilia , Chen Michael Hao , Escobar Liquitay Camila Micaela , Meza Nicolás , Rojas Valeria , Franco Juan Victor Ariel , Madrid Eva 
Published: January 2022

ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness and safety of risperidone and aripiprazole in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Design and settingOverview of systematic reviews (SRs).Search methodsIn October 2021, we searched Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and Epistemonikos placing no restrictions on language or date of publication.ParticipantsChildren aged 12 years or less with ASD.InterventionsRisperidone and aripiprazole with no dosage restrictions.Data collection and analysisWe rated the methodological quality of the included SRs using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). We reported the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation certainty of the evidence according to the analysis conducted by the authors of the included SRs.Main outcomes measuredA multidisciplinary group of experts agreed on analysing nine critical outcomes evolving core and non-core ASD symptoms.Patient and public involvementOrganisations of parents of children with ASD were involved during part of the process, participating in external revision of the final version of the report for the Chilean Ministry of Health with no additional comments (ID 757-22-L120 DIPRECE, Ministry of Health, Chile). The organisations involved were: Fundación Unión Autismo y Neurodiversidad, Federación Nacional de Autismo, Vocería Autismo del Sur, and Vocería Autismo del Norte.ResultsWe identified 22 SRs within the scope of this overview, of which 16 were of critically low confidence according to AMSTAR 2 and were excluded from the analysis. Both aripiprazole and risperidone were effective for reducing autism symptoms severity, repetitive behaviours, inappropriate language, social withdrawal and behavioural problems compared with placebo. The certainty of the evidence for most outcomes was moderate. Risperidone and aripiprazole are associated with metabolic and neurological adverse events. Follow-up was short termed.ConclusionsWe found that aripiprazole and risperidone probably reduce symptom severity at short-term follow-up but may also cause adverse events. High-quality and updated SRs and larger randomised controlled trials with longer term follow-up are needed on this topic.Overview protocolPROSPERO CRD42020206535.
The cost of illness for childhood clinical pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease in Nigeria
Authors: Adamu Aishatu Lawal , Karia Boniface , Bello Musa M , Jahun Mahmoud G , Gambo Safiya , Ojal John , Scott Anthony , Jemutai Julie , Adetifa Ifedayo M 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundPneumococcal disease contributes significantly to childhood morbidity and mortality and treatment is costly. Nigeria recently introduced the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) to prevent pneumococcal disease. The aim of this study is to estimate health provider and household costs for the treatment of pneumococcal disease in children aged <5 years (U5s), and to assess the impact of these costs on household income.MethodsWe recruited U5s with clinical pneumonia, pneumococcal meningitis or pneumococcal septicaemia from a tertiary level hospital and a secondary level hospital in Kano, Nigeria. We obtained resource utilisation data from medical records to estimate costs of treatment to provider, and household expenses and income loss data from caregiver interviews to estimate costs of treatment to households. We defined catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) as household costs exceeding 25% of monthly household income and estimated the proportion of households that experienced it. We compared CHE across tertiles of household income (from the poorest to least poor).ResultsOf 480 participants recruited, 244 had outpatient pneumonia, and 236 were hospitalised with pneumonia (117), septicaemia (66) and meningitis (53). Median (IQR) provider costs were US$17 (US$14–22) for outpatients and US$272 (US$271–360) for inpatients. Median household cost was US$51 (US$40–69). Overall, 33% of households experienced CHE, while 53% and 4% of the poorest and least poor households, experienced CHE, respectively. The odds of CHE increased with admission at the secondary hospital, a diagnosis of meningitis or septicaemia, higher provider costs and caregiver having a non-salaried job.ConclusionProvider costs are substantial, and households incur treatment expenses that considerably impact on their income and this is particularly so for the poorest households. Sustaining the PCV programme and ensuring high and equitable coverage to lower disease burden will reduce the economic burden of pneumococcal disease to the healthcare provider and households.
Estimating need and coverage for five priority assistive products: a systematic review of global population-based research
Authors: Danemayer Jamie , Boggs Dorothy , Delgado Ramos Vinicius , Smith Emma , Kular Ariana , Bhot William , Ramos-Barajas Felipe , Polack Sarah , Holloway Cathy 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionTo improve access to assistive products (APs) globally, data must be available to inform evidence-based decision-making, policy development and evaluation, and market-shaping interventions.MethodsThis systematic review was undertaken to identify studies presenting population-based estimates of need and coverage for five APs (hearing aids, limb prostheses, wheelchairs, glasses and personal digital assistants) grouped by four functional domains (hearing, mobility, vision and cognition).ResultsData including 656 AP access indicators were extracted from 207 studies, most of which (n=199, 96%) were cross-sectional, either collecting primary (n=167) or using secondary (n=32) data. There was considerable heterogeneity in assessment approaches used and how AP indicators were reported; over half (n=110) used a combination of clinical and self-reported assessment data. Of 35 studies reporting AP use out of all people with functional difficulty in the corresponding functional domains, the proportions ranged from 4.5% to 47.0% for hearing aids, from 0.9% to 17.6% for mobility devices, and from 0.1% to 86.6% for near and distance glasses. Studies reporting AP need indicators demonstrated >60% unmet need for each of the five APs in most settings.ConclusionVariation in definitions of indicators of AP access have likely led to overestimates/underestimates of need and coverage, particularly, where the relationship between functioning difficulty and the need for an AP is complex. This review demonstrates high unmet need for APs globally, due in part to disparate data across this sector, and emphasises the need to standardise AP data collection and reporting strategies to provide a comparable evidence base to improve access to APs.
Higgs-mass constraints on a supersymmetric solution of the muon $$g-2$$ anomaly
Authors: Ke Wenqi , Slavich Pietro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe prediction for the quartic coupling of the SM-like Higgs boson constrains the parameter space of SUSY models, even in scenarios where all of the new-particle masses are above the scale probed so far by the LHC. We study the implications of the Higgs-mass prediction on a recently-proposed SUSY model that features two pairs of Higgs doublets, and provides a solution to the $$(g-2)_\mu $$

(
g
-
2
)

μ

anomaly thanks to a suitable enhancement of the muon Yukawa coupling.
Production of axion-like particles via vector boson fusion at future electron-positron colliders
Authors: Yue Chong-Xing , Zhang Hua-Ying , Wang Han 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOne kind of particularly interesting pseudoscalar particles, called axion-like particles (ALPs), have rich physical phenomenology at high- and low-energy collider experiments. After discussing most of single production channels of ALP at electron-positron colliders, we investigate the possibility of detecting this kind of new particles through the W$$^{+}$$

+

W$$^{-}$$

-

fusion process e$$^{+}$$

+

e$$^{-}$$

-

$$\rightarrow $$
→
$${\overline{\nu }}_{e}$$

ν
¯

e

$$\nu _{e}a$$

ν
e

a

$$(\rightarrow \gamma \gamma )$$

(
→
γ
γ
)

at the CLIC. The 3$$\sigma $$
σ
and 5$$\sigma $$
σ
bounds on the ALP parameter space at the three energy stages of the CLIC are obtained. We find that the bounds given by the CLIC are complementary to the existing experiments exclusion regions.
NASCENT2: Generic Near-Storage Sort Accelerator for Data Analytics on SmartSSD
Authors: Salamat Sahand , Zhang Hui , Ki Yang Seok , Rosing Tajana 
Published: January 2022

As the size of data generated every day grows dramatically, the computational bottleneck of computer systems has shifted toward storage devices. The interface between the storage and the computational platforms has become the main limitation due to its limited bandwidth, which does not scale when the number of storage devices increases. Interconnect networks do not provide simultaneous access to all storage devices and thus limit the performance of the system when executing independent operations on different storage devices. Offloading the computations to the storage devices eliminates the burden of data transfer from the interconnects. Near-storage computing offloads a portion of computations to the storage devices to accelerate big data applications. In this article, we propose a generic near-storage sort accelerator for data analytics, NASCENT2, which utilizes Samsung SmartSSD, an NVMe flash drive with an on-board FPGA chip that processes data in situ.
NASCENT2 consists of dictionary decoder, sort, and shuffle FPGA-based accelerators to support sorting database tables based on a key column with any arbitrary data type. It exploits data partitioning applied by data processing management systems, such as SparkSQL, to breakdown the sort operations on colossal tables to multiple sort operations on smaller tables. NASCENT2 generic sort provides 2 × speedup and 15.2 × energy efficiency improvement as compared to the CPU baseline. It moreover considers the specifications of the SmartSSD (e.g., the FPGA resources, interconnect network, and solid-state drive bandwidth) to increase the scalability of computer systems as the number of storage devices increases. With 12 SmartSSDs, NASCENT2 is 9.9× (137.2 ×) faster and 7.3 × (119.2 ×) more energy efficient in sorting the largest tables of TPCC and TPCH benchmarks than the FPGA (CPU) baseline.
AI education matters
Authors: Zhang Lisa , Fewzee Pouria , Feghali Charbel 
Published: January 2022

We introduce a Model AI Assignment (Neller et al., 2021) where students combine various techniques from a deep learning course to build a denoising autoencoder (Shen, Mueller, Barzilay, & Jaakkola, 2020) for news headlines. Students then use this denoising autoencoder to query similar headlines, and interpolate between headlines.
Building this denoising autoencoder requires students to apply many course concepts, including data augmentation, word and sentence embeddings, autoencoders, recurrent neural networks, sequence-to-sequence networks, and temperature. As such, this assignment can be ideal as a final assessment that synthesizes many topics.
This assignment is written in PyTorch, uses the torchtext package, and is intended to be completed on the Google Colab platform.
Genetic Analysis of Sodium Channel Genes in Pediatric Epilepsy Patients of Pakistan
Authors: Ashfaq Aqsa , Saleem Tayyaba , Sheikh Nadeem , Maqbool Hafsa 
Published: January 2022

Epilepsy affects millions of people worldwide. Although antiepileptic drugs work for the majority of epileptic patients, these drugs do not work for some of the patients, subjecting them to drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Voltage-gated sodium channels act as targets for a number of antiepileptic drugs, and the genes encoding these channels can play a crucial role in developing drug-resistant epilepsy. This case-control (100 control: 101patients) study evaluated the association of sodium channel genes SCN1A and SCN2A with drug-resistant epilepsy. The cases were further accounted in two categories, drug-resistant and drug-responsive epileptic patients. The polymorphic sites rs794726754, rs1057518252, rs121918809, rs12191792, rs121917932, c.730 G > T, c.735 G > T, c.736 A > T, rs10167228, and rs2298771 of the SCN1A gene and rs17183814 of SCN2A gene were selected for mutational analysis. The DNA was isolated, amplified by PCR, and then, was run through 1% agarose gel. The sequencing was performed, and the sequences were observed through BioEdit software for any change in DNA sequence. In our study, no polymorphism was observed in the studied SNPs except for rs2298771. For rs2298771, a significant difference existed in the distribution of genotypic and allelic frequencies (

p

< 0.01) among the case and control group. Furthermore, the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the two categories of cases (drug responder drug resistant) were calculated. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of drug-responsive and drug-resistant epileptic patients did not differ significantly (

p

> 0.01). Our study indicated that the rs2298771 polymorphism of SCN1A may not be associated with chance of developing DRE in the Pakistani population.
Examining Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status as a Mediator of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hypertension Control Across Two San Francisco Health Systems
Authors: Liu Emily F. , Rubinsky Anna D. , Pacca Lucia , Mujahid Mahasin , Fontil Valy , DeRouen Mindy C. , Fields Jessica , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Lyles Courtney R. 
Published: January 2022

Background:
A contextual understanding of hypertension control can inform population health management strategies to mitigate cardiovascular disease events. This retrospective cohort study links neighborhood-level data with patients’ health records to describe racial/ethnic differences in uncontrolled hypertension and determine if and to what extent these differences are mediated by neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES).

Methods:
We conducted a mediation analysis using a sample of patients with hypertension from 2 health care delivery systems in San Francisco over 2 years (n=47 031). We used generalized structural equation modeling, adjusted for age, sex, and health care system, to estimate the contribution of nSES to disparities in uncontrolled hypertension between White patients and Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian patients, respectively. Sensitivity analysis removed adjustment for health care system.

Results:
Over half the cohort (62%) experienced uncontrolled hypertension during the study period. Racial/ethnic groups showed substantial differences in prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and distribution of nSES quintiles. Compared with White patients, Black, and Hispanic/Latino patients had higher adjusted odds of uncontrolled hypertension: odds ratio, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.67–1.91] and odds ratio, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.29–1.47], respectively and nSES accounted for 7% of the disparity in both comparisons. Asian patients had slightly lower adjusted odds of uncontrolled hypertension when compared with White patients: odds ratio, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.89–0.99] and the mediating effect of nSES did not change the direction of the relationship. Sensitivity analysis increased the proportion mediated by nSES to 11% between Black and White patients and 13% between Hispanic/Latino and White patients, but did not influence differences between Asian and White patients.

Conclusions:
Among patients with hypertension in this study, nSES mediated a small proportion of racial/ethnic disparities in uncontrolled hypertension. Population health management strategies may be most effective by focusing on additional structural and interpersonal pathways such as racism and discrimination in health care settings.
Severe Maternal Morbidity and Long-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Hospitalization
Authors: Ukah U. Vivian , Dayan Natalie , Potter Brian J. , Paradis Gilles , Ayoub Aimina , Auger Nathalie 
Published: January 2022

Background:
Severe maternal morbidity is rising, yet the association with cardiovascular disease is not clear. We examined the risk of cardiovascular hospitalization up to 3 decades after having a pregnancy complicated by severe maternal morbidity.

Methods:
We analyzed a longitudinal cohort of 1 336 846 women who were pregnant between 1989 and 2019 in Quebec, Canada. The main exposure measure was severe maternal morbidity in any pregnancy, including severe preeclampsia, acute renal failure, sepsis, and other life-threatening conditions. Using time-varying Cox regression models, we compared the adjusted risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular disease up to 3 decades after pregnancy for women with severe maternal morbidity relative to women without severe morbidity.

Results:
Five percent of women had severe maternal morbidity. Overall, there were 68 287 cardiovascular hospitalizations during 21 725 672 person-years of follow-up in the cohort. Compared with no morbidity, women with any severe morbidity had a greater risk of cardiovascular hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR], 1.77 [95% CI, 1.72–1.82]). The association was the greatest within the first year of delivery (HR, 4.42 [95% CI, 3.77–5.19]) but persisted beyond 15 years (HR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.37–1.51]). Having a cardiac complication (HR, 5.37 [95% CI, 4.65–6.20]), cerebrovascular accident (HR, 3.82 [95% CI, 2.94–4.96]), or acute renal failure (HR, 2.60 [95% CI, 2.15–3.14]) during pregnancy was strongly associated with future cardiovascular hospitalization.

Conclusions:
Women with severe maternal morbidity have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease after pregnancy, both in the short and long term. These women may benefit from active surveillance for cardiovascular disease.
Evaluating Factors That Influence Patient Satisfaction in Otolaryngology Clinics
Authors: Redding Taylor S. , Keefe Katherine R. , Stephens Andrew R. , Gurgel Richard K. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To identify factors that influence patient satisfaction during outpatient visits in various settings of otolaryngology clinics in an academic medical center. Study design: Retrospective review. Setting: Academic medical center. Methods: We reviewed Press Ganey patient satisfaction survey responses for new, outpatient visits between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2018. Self-reported race was identified using electronic medical records. Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify continuous and categorical variables associated with patient satisfaction. Results: There were 3998 unique new patient visits with completed surveys. Multivariate analysis revealed that responses for patients <18 years old are less likely to be satisfied with their care compared to patients ≥18 years old (OR 0.66; P < .001). For each 10-minute increase in wait time, patients were 43.4% less likely report satisfaction ( P < .001). African American patients were also less likely to report satisfaction (OR 0.22; P = .043) while Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders were over 3 times more likely to be satisfied (OR 3.6; P = .013). Additionally, Medicare patients and those who were seen at community satellite clinics compared to the main University Hospital had increased odds of achieving satisfactory care (OR 1.3; P = .005 and OR 1.3; P = .002, respectively). Conclusions: Wait time, clinic location, patient race, insurance provider, and age were all shown to significantly influence patient-reported satisfaction. Understanding how these variables influence patient satisfaction will hopefully lead to processes that improve patient satisfaction. Level of evidence: Level 3.
Utility of monocyte parameters in diagnosing Sputum Smear Negative Pulmonary TB
Authors: Gupta Richa , Sarkar Beauty , Goel Ashish , Kotru Mrinalini , Kashyap Binita 
Published: January 2022

Background - Smear-negative TB (SNTB) may remain undetected for a long duration and new bio-markers are needed for diagnosis. Our study investigated monocyte parameters in this regard. Thirty cases each of SNTB, sputum positive cases and healthy controls were included. Full blood count and immune-phenotyping for ‘monocyte parameters’ by flow cytometry were performed using CD45, CD16, CD14, CD64 and HLA-DR The percentage of monocyte subsets and MFI of CD64 and HLA- DR noted and data statistically compared. The monocyte to lymphocyte ratio, percentage of intermediate monocytes, expression of CD64 on total as well as intermediate monocytes were significantly elevated in cases with SNTB as compared to healthy controls (p value, 0.07, 0.07, 0.001, 0.001 respectively). The cut off value for MFI CD64 on total and intermediate monocyte was >18 and >19.6 respectively. Thus monocyte parameters can serve as useful biomarkers for diagnosing tuberculosis in the sputum negative group.
Balance-of-Payments Constraints as the Key to Dependency: The Case of Argentina
Authors: Wainer Andrés , Belloni Paula 
Published: January 2022

Considering the constraints to growth derived from the balance of payments and the external sector as the area in which the dependency of Latin American countries is most clearly expressed, application of the contributions of dependency theorists concerning external restrictions to growth in Argentina shows that the fate of surplus value in this economy is a key factor in the explanation of its dependent nature. Considerando las restricciones al crecimiento derivadas del balance de pagos y el sector externo como el ámbito donde se expresa más nítidamente la relación de dependencia, la aplicación de los aportes de la teoría de la dependencia referentes al problema de la restricción externa al crecimiento en la Argentina muestra que el destino que se le da al plusvalor en esta economía es un elemento clave para explicar su situación de dependencia.