bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal alcohol exposure can be determined from baby teeth: Proof of concept
Authors: Montag Annika C. , Chambers Christina D. , Jones Kenneth Lyons , Dassanayake Priyanthi S. , Andra Syam S. , Petrick Lauren M. , Arora Manish , Austin Christine ,   the Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (CIFASD)
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), leading to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), is a serious public health issue in the United States and globally. Diagnosis of FASD is crucial in obtaining appropriate care, but it is not always possible when PAE cannot be documented.MethodsDeciduous teeth from a child with known PAE and a child with known absence of PAE were analyzed using liquid chromatography‐isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐IDMS/MS) in a multiple‐reaction monitoring mode for direct markers and LC‐high resolution MS in positive and negative mode with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and reverse‐phase chromatography, respectively, for indirect markers.ResultsDirect markers of PAE (ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate) were detected in prenatal and postnatal dentine from a case tooth but not from a control tooth. Indirect biomarker analysis indicated a dysregulation of amino acids and an increase in cholesterol sulfate in the case compared to the control tooth.ConclusionsThis proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates for the first time that direct biomarkers of PAE are detectable and measurable in deciduous teeth which begin forming in utero and are typically naturally shed between 5 and 12 years of age. Further examination of these novel biomarkers may allow diagnosis of FASD where documentation of PAE is otherwise unavailable. Furthermore, because teeth grow incrementally, defined growth zones can be sampled allowing for identification of gestational timing of PAE to help better understand mechanisms underlying alcohol's disruption of perinatal development.
Commentary: New Directions in the History of Ethology
Authors: Burkhardt Richard W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis welcome set of original and instructive papers illuminates and enriches the history of twentieth‐century ethology in multiple ways. It adds a wealth of actors, animals, methods, and places to those featured in previous treatments of ethology's development. Some of the papers extend the chronology beyond the heyday of ethology's disciplinary construction to consider exciting developments in the 1970s and beyond. Others consider animal behavior research programs pursued contemporaneously with but independently of mainline ethology's development from the 1930s through the 1960s. Another paper takes us inside an ethologist's archive of visual images to examine the importance of such images (and such a setting) for ethological practice. Collectively, the papers provide new opportunities to contemplate how research programs and disciplines evolve; the relations between concepts, practices, and places; ethology and politics, and much more. At the same time, the individuality of the papers is conspicuous. They have not been constructed on the same model. The authors have followed their own approaches, corresponding to their own, respective interests. A short commentary is not sufficient to do justice to each of them. Rather than attempt to review them one by one, I will consider a pair of themes that may help relate the papers to each other and to the history of ethology: (1) the ongoing challenge of defining ethology and identifying who the ethologists were (or are); (2) the practices and places of animal behavior study.
Growth differentiation factor‐15 is independently associated with metabolic syndrome and hyperglycemia in non‐elderly subjects
Authors: Ho Li‐Chung , Wu Hung‐Tsung , Hung Hao‐Chang , Chou Hsuan‐Wen , Cheng Kai‐Pi , Lin Ching‐Han , Wang Chih‐Chen , Ou Horng‐Yih 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major health issue worldwide accompanied by cardiovascular comorbidities. Growth differentiation factor‐15 (GDF‐15) is a stress‐responsive cytokine expressed in cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Previous research in elderly subjects revealed that GDF‐15 levels were associated with the MetS. However, the association between GDF‐15 levels and MetS or its components in the non‐elderly subjects remains unclear. In this study, a total of 279 subjects younger than 65‐year‐old with (n = 84) or without (n = 195) MetS were recruited. MetS was defined according to modified NCEP/ATP III criteria. The GDF‐15 levels were measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors independently associated with GDF‐15 levels. Subjects with MetS had higher GDF‐15 levels than those without MetS (median (interquartile range), 1.72 ng/mL (1.38, 2.26) vs. 1.63 ng/mL (1.27, 2.07), P = 0.037). With the number of MetS components increased, the GDF‐15 levels increased significantly (P for trend = 0.005). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the presence of MetS was positively associated with the GDF‐15 levels (β = 0.132, P = 0.037). When substituting MetS with its components, only the presence of hyperglycemia was positively associated with the GDF‐15 levels after adjustment for covariates (β = 0.193, P = 0.003). Taken together, the presence of the MetS in non‐elderly was associated with higher GDF‐15 levels. Among the MetS components, only hyperglycemia was significantly associated with the GDF‐15 levels. Future longitudinal studies will be needed to explore whether GDF‐15 has the potential to be a biomarker of gluco‐metabolic dysfunction in non‐elderly subjects.
Clustering analysis revealed the autophagy classification and potential autophagy regulators' sensitivity of pancreatic cancer based on multi‐omics data
Authors: Chen Yonghao , Meng Jialin , Lu Xiaofan , Li Xiao , Wang Chunhui 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy and is unresponsive to conventional therapeutic modalities due to its high heterogeneity, expounding the necessity, and priority of searching for effective biomarkers and drugs. Autophagy, as an evolutionarily conserved biological process, is upregulated in PDAC and its regulation is linked to a poor prognosis. Increased autophagy sequestered MHC‐I on PDAC cells and weaken the antigen presentation and antitumor immune response, indicating the potential therapeutic strategies of autophagy inhibitors.MethodsBy performing 10 state‐of‐the‐art multi‐omics clustering algorithms, we constructed a robust PDAC classification model to reveal the autophagy‐related genes among different subgroups.OutcomesAfter building a more comprehensive regulating network for potential autophagy regulators exploration, we concluded the top 20 autophagy‐related hub genes (GAPDH, MAPK3, RHEB, SQSTM1, EIF2S1, RAB5A, CTSD, MAP1LC3B, RAB7A, RAB11A, FADD, CFKN2A, HSP90AB1, VEGFA, RELA, DDIT3, HSPA5, BCL2L1, BAG3, and ERBB2), six miRNAs, five transcription factors, and five immune infiltrated cells as biomarkers. The drug sensitivity database was screened based on the biomarkers to predict possible drug‐targeting signal pathways, hoping to yield novel insights, and promote the progress of the anticancer therapeutic strategy.ConclusionWe succefully constructed an autophagy‐related mRNA/miRNA/TF/Immune cells network based on a 10 state‐of art algorithm multi‐omics analysis, and screened the drug sensitivity dataset for detecting potential signal pathway which might be possible autophagy modulators' targets.
Chiral Brønsted acid catalyzed asymmetric oxidation of N‐acyl sulfenamide by H2O2: An efficient approach to obtaining chiral N‐acyl sulfinamide
Authors: Ma Longjun , Bai Lizhe , Yu Zixuan , Shen Qinxu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAlthough the power of chiral sulfinamide reagents in synthetic chemistry has long been recognized, methods for their synthesis are still auxiliary‐based approaches which possess the disadvantages of poor atom economy and limited substrate universality. Due to the weak nucleophilicity of amides, it is more difficult to prepare chiral N‐acylsulfinamides by traditional methods. Herein, we describe an example of catalytic asymmetric synthesis of N‐acyl sulfinamides. In this work, N‐acyl sulfenamides act as useful substrates, because of the indispensable N−H bond, which could form an efficient hydrogen bond with chiral phosphoric acid. H2O2 (35%) was used as the terminal oxidant for preparation of sulfinamides in high yields and enantioselectivities, which could be easily derivatized to sulfoxides without loss of the enantioselectivity.
Synergetic Dual‐Atom Catalysts: The Next Boom of Atomic Catalysts
Authors: Liu Huimin , Rong Hongpan , Zhang Jiatao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDual‐atom catalysts (DACs) are an important branch of single‐atom catalysts (SACs), in which the former can effectively break the dilemma faced by the traditional SACs. The synergetic effects between bimetallic atoms provide many active sites, promising to improve catalytic performance and even catalyze more complex reactions. This paper reviews the recent research progresses of two kinds of DACs, including homonuclear and heteronuclear DACs, and their applications in oxygen reduction, carbon dioxide reduction, hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution, Zn‐air batteries, tandem catalytic reactions, and so on. In addition, in order to promote the further development of DACs, the challenges and perspectives of DACs are put forward.
Disrupted serotonin system development via early life antidepressant exposure impairs maternal care and increases serotonin receptor expression in adult female offspring
Authors: Unroe Keaton A. , Maltman Jessica L. , Shupe Elizabeth A. , Clinton Sarah M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractManipulating serotonin (5‐HT) levels in the developing brain elicits a range of effects on brain function and behavior. For example, early‐life exposure to selective 5‐HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants disrupts dorsal raphe function and triggers aberrant adult behaviors such as increased passive stress coping and anhedonia. However, much less is understood about how alterations in 5‐HT signaling in early life impact outcomes in female offspring, including critical social functions such as maternal care. The present study shows that early‐life SSRI exposure disrupts adult female offspring's maternal behavior. Pregnant/postpartum female Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with the SSRI citalopram in drinking water or provided regular tap water as control. Female offspring were raised to adulthood and mated with treatment‐naïve males. Following parturition, we observed maternal behavior during portions of the light and dark phases of postnatal days (P)1–14. Relative to controls, dams with a history of early‐life SSRI exposure exhibited decreased maternal care, including diminished arched‐back nursing, reduced licking and grooming of pups, and increased behavioral inconsistency. Brains were collected from dams with and without a history of early‐life SSRI exposure to measure relative mRNA expression of select 5‐HT receptor transcripts (5HTR1A, ‐1B, ‐2A, ‐2C) in regions involved in maternal care. Early‐life SSRI exposure augmented expression of 5‐HTR1A in the medial preoptic area and 5‐HTR1B, 5‐HTR2A, and 5‐HTR2C in the prefrontal cortex. These results demonstrate that early alterations to 5‐HT signaling through SSRI exposure may disrupt nurturing parental behaviors and 5‐HT receptor expression in affected female rat offspring.
A genotyping‐in‐thousands by sequencing panel to inform invasive deer management using noninvasive fecal and hair samples
Authors: Burgess Brock T. , Irvine Robyn L. , Russello Michael A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStudies in ecology, evolution, and conservation often rely on noninvasive samples, making it challenging to generate large amounts of high‐quality genetic data for many elusive and at‐risk species. We developed and optimized a Genotyping‐in‐Thousands by sequencing (GT‐seq) panel using noninvasive samples to inform the management of invasive Sitka black‐tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) in Haida Gwaii (Canada). We validated our panel using paired high‐quality tissue and noninvasive fecal and hair samples to simultaneously distinguish individuals, identify sex, and reconstruct kinship among deer sampled across the archipelago, then provided a proof‐of‐concept application using field‐collected feces on SGang Gwaay, an island of high ecological and cultural value. Genotyping success across 244 loci was high (90.3%) and comparable to that of high‐quality tissue samples genotyped using restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing (92.4%), while genotyping discordance between paired high‐quality tissue and noninvasive samples was low (0.50%). The panel will be used to inform future invasive species operations in Haida Gwaii by providing individual and population information to inform management. More broadly, our GT‐seq workflow that includes quality control analyses for targeted SNP selection and a modified protocol may be of wider utility for other studies and systems where noninvasive genetic sampling is employed.
Modeling the potential global distribution of suitable habitat for the biological control agent Heterorhabditis indica
Authors: Kour Sumeet , Khurma Uma , Brodie Gilianne , Singh Sunil 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEntomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Heterorhabditis indica is a promising biocontrol candidate. Despite the acknowledged importance of EPN in pest control, no extensive data sets or maps have been developed on their distribution at global level. This study is the first attempt to generate Ecological Niche Models (ENM) for H. indica and its global Habitat Suitability Map (HSM) for H. indica to generate biogeographical information and predicts its global geographical range and help identify of prospective areas for its exploration and to help identify the suitable release areas for biocontrol purpose. The aim of the modeling exercise was to access the influence of temperature and soil moisture on the biogeographical patterns of H. indica at the global level. Global Heterorhabditis indica ecosystems. CLIMEX software was used to model the distribution of H. indica and assess the influence of environmental variable on its global distribution. In total, 162 records of H. indica occurrence from 27 countries over 25 years were combined to generate the known distribution data. The model was further fine‐tuned using the direct experimental observations of the H. indica's growth response to temperature and soil moisture. Model predicts that much of the tropics and subtropics have suitable climatic conditions for H. indica. It further predicts that H. indica distribution can extend into warmer temperate climates. Examination of the model output, predictions maps at a global level indicate that H. indica distribution may be limited by cold stress, heat stress, and dry stresses in different areas. However, cold stress appears to be the major limiting factor. This study highlighted an efficient way to construct HSM for EPN potentially useful in the search/release of target species in new locations. The study showed that H. indica which is known as warm adapted EPN generally found in tropics and subtropics can potentially establish itself in warmer temperate climates as well. The model can also be used to decide the release timing of EPN by adjusting with season for maximum growth. The model developed in this study clearly identified the value and potential of Habitat Suitability Map (HSM) in planning of future surveys and application of H. indica.
Design of water‐energy management based on neural networks for an autonomous solar and wind renewable energy system coupled with brackish water desalination
Authors: Zgalmi Abir , Cherif Habib , Belhadj Jamel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this article, smart water‐energy management based on an artificial neural network for a photovoltaic‐wind system coupled with water pumping and reverse osmosis desalination unit with hydraulic storage is developed. The proposed system was designed to meet freshwater demand for remote areas of Tunisia's south. The authors focus on an artificial neural network‐type management strategy, ensuring power‐sharing between sources, hydraulic components, and tank storage. The main objective of the management strategy is to deliver and purify as much freshwater as possible by taking advantage of all the energy available according to climatic conditions. A parametric sensitivity algorithm is developed to find the most appropriate neural network architecture. A dynamic simulator for 1 year of operation integrates the energy management of the system is developed. The used water‐energy management‐based artificial neural network showed good results of power‐sharing during a fast time with a correlation coefficient and a coefficient of determination between the actual and estimated values of the three motor pumps electrical power equal to 96% and 98%, respectively. Also, the root mean squared error was acceptable at 0.1476. These results have been proved over a year and can be used by other researchers with a similar system.
Fire tests of steel‐to‐timber connections with high fire resistance
Authors: Dhima Dhionis , Audebert Maxime , Bouchaïr Abdelhamid , Pinoteau Nicolas 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper presents the results of twenty‐one fire tests on unprotected steel‐to‐timber connections with dowel‐type fasteners and one or two slotted‐in steel plates. The experimental results of this type of connections available in existing studies have been mostly limited to a fire resistance duration of 60 min. The tests performed in this study target a significant increase of fire resistance to reach 90 and 120 min. Two configurations of connections with one and two slotted‐in steel plates, i.e., two or four shear planes, were tested. The temperatures were measured at different locations in the wood members and along the steel plates. Two load levels for fire tests were determined on the basis of tests performed at ambient temperature. The experimental results show that the specimens proposed for steel‐to‐timber connections with dowel‐type fasteners are suitable for achieving fire resistance of 90 and 120 min.
IL‐31 levels correlate with pruritus in patients with cholestatic and metabolic liver diseases and is farnesoid X receptor responsive in NASH
Authors: Xu Jun , Wang Ya , Khoshdeli Mina , Peach Matt , Chuang Jen‐Chieh , Lin Julie , Tsai Wen‐Wei , Mahadevan Sangeetha , Minto Wesley , Diehl Lauri , Gupta Ruchi , Trauner Michael , Patel Keyur , Noureddin Mazen , Kowdley Kris V. , Gulamhusein Aliya , Bowlus Christopher L. , Huss Ryan S. , Myers Robert P. , Chung Chuhan , Billin Andrew N. 
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims:
Pruritus is associated with multiple liver diseases, particularly those with cholestasis, but the mechanism remains incompletely understood. Our aim was to evaluate serum IL‐31 as a putative biomarker of pruritus in clinical trials of an farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, cilofexor, in patients with NASH, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).

Approach and Results:
Serum IL‐31 was measured in clinical studies of cilofexor in NASH, PSC, and PBC. In patients with PSC or PBC, baseline IL‐31 was elevated compared to patients with NASH and healthy volunteers (HVs). IL‐31 correlated with serum bile acids among patients with NASH, PBC, and PSC. Baseline IL‐31 levels in PSC and PBC were positively correlated with Visual Analog Scale for pruritus and 5‐D itch scores. In patients with NASH, cilofexor dose‐dependently increased IL‐31 from Week (W)1 to W24. In patients with NASH receiving cilofexor 100 mg, IL‐31 was higher in those with Grade 2–3 pruritus adverse events (AEs) than those with Grade 0–1 pruritus AEs. IL‐31 weakly correlated with C4 at baseline in patients with NASH, and among those receiving cilofexor 100 mg, changes in IL‐31 and C4 from baseline to W24 were negatively correlated. IL‐31 messenger RNA (mRNA) was elevated in hepatocytes from patients with PSC and NASH compared to HVs. In a humanized liver murine model, obeticholic acid increased IL‐31 mRNA expression in human hepatocytes and serum levels of human IL‐31.

Conclusions:
IL‐31 levels correlate with pruritus in patients with cholestatic disease and NASH, with FXR agonist therapy resulting in higher serum levels in the latter group. IL‐31 appears to derive in part from increased hepatocyte expression. These findings have therapeutic implications for patients with liver disease and pruritus.
Feasibility of applying pAAm/CA/MMT hydrogels AS slow release fertilizers
Authors: de Macedo Osmir Fabiano L. , Bezerra Rafaella L. N. , Oliveira Rhayza V. M. , Cunha Graziele C. , Romão Luciane P. C. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundDue to population growth, new technologies are needed for the production of fertilizers that can assist in increasing agricultural yields, while at the same time reducing environmental impacts. This article describes the synthesis, characterization, and behavior of a new series of hydrogels composed of polyacrylamide (pAAm), cellulose acetate (CA), and montmorillonite (MMT), suitable for the controlled release of fertilizers. The synergistic effects of the components were evaluated in sorption and desorption studies of a nitrogen fertilizer.ResultsFour hydrogels were obtained: A, B, C, and D, with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% of MMT, respectively, in all cases with 10% of CA. The nitrogen contents of hydrogels A‐D were 21.9%, 26.7%, 29.4%, and 25.2%, respectively. Hydrogel C absorbed the greatest amount of solution. Increase of the MMT content from 5% to 10% (w/w) led to swelling increases of 45%, 60%, 27%, and 20.7% at pH 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 9.0, respectively. Soil water retention assays showed that the soil containing the synthesized hydrogels retained up to 39% more water, compared to soil without hydrogel, with release during up to 30 days. The hydrogels presented low recovery percentages for applied nitrogen (around 42% lower than for the treatment with urea alone), demonstrating the effectiveness of the materials in reducing losses of nitrogen by leaching. The release of urea in the soil from hydrogel C (pAAm/10% MMT/10% CA) was gradual (25%, 75%, and 89% at 5, 20, and 30 days), indicative of slow release behavior.ConclusionsThe presence of montmorillonite in the hydrogel caused the system to release the nutrient in a more controlled manner than obtained with the pure hydrogel. Hydrogel C, containing 10% montmorillonite and 10% cellulose acetate, showed excellent rates of swelling and nitrogen release in soil. The total nutrient values showed that this new material is potentially viable for application in agriculture.