bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors related to the diagnosis of lung cancer by transbronchial biopsy with endobronchial ultrasonography and a guide sheath
Authors: Kurihara Yuki , Tashiro Hiroki , Takahashi Koichiro , Tajiri Ryo , Kuwahara Yuki , Kajiwara Kokoro , Komiya Natsuko , Ogusu Shinsuke , Nakashima Chiho , Nakamura Tomomi , Kimura Shinya , Sueoka‐Aragane Naoko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTransbronchial biopsy (TBB) with endobronchial ultrasonography and a guide sheath (EBUS‐GS) is an effective examination tool for the diagnosis of lung cancer. Factors related to making the diagnosis are still not fully understood.MethodsA total of 367 patients who underwent EBUS‐GS and were diagnosed with lung cancer in Saga University Hospital were investigated retrospectively. Clinical characteristics were compared between 244 patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer and 123 patients who were not diagnosed by TBB with EBUS‐GS but were diagnosed by other examinations.ResultsSize of target lesion, rate of patients with target lesion size ≥20 mm, presence of the bronchus sign, and detection by EBUS imaging were significantly associated with making the diagnosis (all p < 0.01). In patients whose lesion was detected by EBUS imaging, patients with positive findings within the lesion were significantly more often diagnosed by TBB with EBUS‐GS than those with positive findings adjacent to the lesion (p < 0.01). The odds ratio (OR) of patients whose lesion was detected by EBUS imaging (OR [95% confidence interval] 14.5 [8.0–26.4]) tended to be higher compared to the ORs of size of lesion ≥20 mm (3.9 [2.2–6.8]) and the bronchus sign (7.5 [4.6–12.2]).ConclusionTargeted lesion diameter ≥20 mm, bronchus sign, and detection by EBUS imaging, especially within the lesion, are important factors for the diagnosis of lung cancer by TBB with EBUS‐GS.
Evaluation of real‐world outcomes associated with use of a prescription digital therapeutic to treat substance use disorders
Authors: Xiong Xiaorui , Braun Stephen , Stitzer Maxine , Luderer Hilary , Shafai Gigi , Hare Brendan , Stevenson Michael , Maricich Yuri 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDigital therapeutics can expand the reach and fidelity of behavioral treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs). This analysis evaluated real‐world engagement and clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with SUD who were prescribed reSET®, an FDA‐authorized prescription digital therapeutic (PDT).MethodsPatients were prescribed a 12‐week PDT comprising 61 therapy lessons (31 “core” and 30 “keep learning” lessons) and contingency management rewards (positive reinforcement message or monetary gift cards) based on lesson completion and negative urine drug screens. Engagement (defined as any activity in the PDT), retention (any activity in Weeks 9–12), and substance use data were collected automatically by the PDT and analyzed descriptively. Associations between early lesson completion and end‐of‐treatment outcomes were assessed.ResultsSix hundred and fifty‐eight patients filled their prescription. Evaluated were 602 patients who were exposed to therapeutic content by completing at least one lesson (median age 37 years, 33% female, 41% male, 26% unreported sex). Median lessons completed was 33 (out of 61 possible), and 52% of patients completed all core modules. Retention in treatment during the last 4 weeks of treatment was 74%, and 62% were abstinent (missing data considered positive). [Correction added on 13 December 2022, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the treatment percentage values were revised from 74.6% to 74%.]Discussion and ConclusionsPatients with SUD exhibited robust engagement with a PDT, high rates of retention through 12 weeks, and substantial rates of abstinence at end of treatment when the therapeutic was used in a real‐world setting. PDT's hold promise as a new way to access effective SUD treatment.Scientific SignificanceThis study is the first to report real‐world PDT engagement and clinical outcomes data from a large, geographically diverse population of patients with SUDs.
How genetic defects in piRNA trimming contribute to male infertility
Authors: Mann Jeffrey M. , Wei Chao , Chen Chen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn germ cells, small non‐coding PIWI‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) work to silence harmful transposons to maintain genomic stability and regulate gene expression to ensure fertility. However, these piRNAs must undergo a series of steps during biogenesis to be properly loaded onto PIWI proteins and reach the correct nucleotide length. This review is focused on what we are learning about a crucial step in this process, piRNA trimming, in which pre‐piRNAs are shortened to final lengths of 21–35 nucleotides. Recently, the 3′–5′ exonuclease trimmer has been identified in various models as PNLDC1/PARN‐1. Mutations of the piRNA trimmers in vivo lead to increased transposon expression, elevated levels of untrimmed pre‐piRNAs, decreased piRNA stability, and male infertility. Here, we will discuss the role of piRNA trimmers in piRNA biogenesis and function, describe consequences of piRNA trimmer mutations using mammalian models and human patients, and examine future avenues of piRNA trimming‐related study for clinical advancements for male infertility.
Electrocardiogram of a patient with mushroom poisoning‐induced myocarditis
Authors: Qin Zuoan , Luo Li , Ge Liangqing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA patient presented to our hospital with myocarditis caused by mushroom poisoning. The early ECG changes in this patient were very similar to the ECG of hyperacute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction or hyperkalemia, but further tests eliminated these options. The patient was fully treated by timely hemodialysis treatment, confirming the diagnosis of mushroom poisoning‐induced myocarditis. Although not specific to mushroom poisoning myocarditis, our experience shows that the observed ECG changes. Our findings have the potential to help diagnose and manage this potentially fatal disease in the future.
Role of percutaneous pulmonary artery cannulation in extracorporeal life support for acute cardiac failure: A single‐center case series
Authors: Huang Chun‐Cheng , Wang Chih‐Hsien , Chou Heng‐Wen , Chi Nai‐Hsin , Yu Hsi‐Yu , Chen Yih‐Sharng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary artery (PA) cannulation is an effective extracorporeal life support (ECLS) management for left ventricular (LV) decompression or right ventricular (RV) support. This case series explores the results of PA cannulation during ECLS for acute cardiac failure.MethodsPatients receiving percutaneous PA cannulation between January 2017 and December 2020 in a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Patients receiving PA cannulation by a surgical cutdown method were excluded. Based on the hemodynamic needs of the patients, percutaneous PA cannulation was applied with ECLS for LV unloading and/or RV support. The primary endpoint was the successful weaning from circulatory support. The secondary endpoints included 30‐day or in‐hospital mortality, significant periprocedural complications, and successful hospital discharge without major complications.ResultsFifteen patients (13 men, age range 11.2–70.8 years) presented acute heart failure and were initially managed by conventional ECLS mode. Percutaneous PA cannulation was performed for LV unloading in 13 patients (86.67%) and isolated RV circulatory support in two patients (13.33%). Weaning from circulatory support was achieved in 11 patients (73.33%). No significant periprocedural complication, including bleeding, infection, or vascular event requiring surgical exploration, was reported. The 30‐day or in‐hospital mortality rate was 33.33%. Eight cases (53.33%) were successfully discharged without major complications, including permanent stroke or the need for long‐term hemodialysis.ConclusionsPA cannulation, especially percutaneously performed, was effective and safe for LV unloading and/or RV support during ECLS. Further investigation is required to confirm the efficacy and safety of our approach and management in a larger patient population.
Collecting duct renin regulates potassium homeostasis in mice
Authors: Xu Chuanming , Chen Yanting , Ramkumar Nirupama , Zou Chang‐Jiang , Sigmund Curt D. , Yang Tianxin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimThe kaliuretic action of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is well established as highlighted by hyperkalemia side effect of RAAS inhibitors but such action is usually ascribed to systemic RAAS. The present study addresses the involvement of intrarenal RAAS in K+ homeostasis with emphasis on locally generated renin within the collecting duct (CD).MethodsWild‐type (Floxed) and CD‐specific deletion of renin (CD renin KO) mice were treated for 7 days with a high K+ (HK) diet to investigate the role of CD renin in kaliuresis regulation and further define the underlying mechanism with emphasis on analysis of intrarenal aldosterone biosynthesis.ResultsIn floxed mice, renin levels were elevated in the renal medulla and urine following a 1‐week HK diet, indicating activation of the intrarenal renin. CD renin KO mice had blunted HK‐induced intrarenal renin response and developed impaired kaliuresis and elevated plasma K+ level (4.45 ± 0.14 vs. 3.89 ± 0.04 mM, p < 0.01). In parallel, HK‐induced intrarenal aldosterone and CYP11B2 expression along with expression of renal outer medullary K+ channel (ROMK), calcium‐activated potassium channel subunit alpha‐1 (α‐BK), α‐Na+‐K+‐ATPase, and epithelial sodium channel (β‐ENaC and cleaved‐γ‐ENaC) expression were all significantly blunted in CD renin KO mice in contrast to the unaltered responses of plasma aldosterone and adrenal CYP11B2.ConclusionTaken together, these results support a kaliuretic action of CD renin during HK intake.
Fostering study crafting to increase engagement and reduce exhaustion among higher education students: A randomized controlled trial of the STUDYCoach online intervention
Authors: Körner Lorena Sarah , Mülder Lina Marie , Bruno Luca , Janneck Monique , Dettmers Jan , Rigotti Thomas 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe study demands–resources framework states that study demands increase exhaustion and study resources increase engagement. Study crafting describes a student's proactive adaption to demands and resources. To date, no intervention in the higher education context has aimed to foster study crafting. Accordingly, this study developed and evaluated the STUDYCoach online intervention, which aimed to increase engagement and reduce exhaustion by promoting study crafting. The study was a randomized controlled trial with a waiting‐list control group. All participants (N = 209) completed a questionnaire before (T1) and after (T2) the intervention and at a 20‐week follow‐up (T3). Participants in the intervention group (n = 149) used the STUDYCoach over three consecutive weeks. Results showed that overall study crafting, decreasing hindering demands, and engagement significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group after the intervention. All effects remained stable at follow‐up. Notably, exhaustion decreased significantly in the intervention group from T1 to T3 and T2 to T3. Study crafting mediated the intervention's effect on engagement and exhaustion. Our study extends the study demands–resources framework and the literature on job crafting by confirming that study crafting interventions can be effective in higher education.
Identifying Brain Hierarchical Structures Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Using a Regularized Regression Method with Tree Predictors
Authors: Zhao Yi , Wang Bingkai , Liu Chin-Fu , Faria Andreia V. , Miller Michael I. , Caffo Brian S. , Luo Xi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBrain segmentation at different levels is generally represented as hierarchical trees. Brain regional atrophy at specific levels was found to be marginally associated with Alzheimer's disease outcomes. In this study, we propose an ℓ1-type regularization for predictors that follow a hierarchical tree structure. Considering a tree as a directed acyclic graph, we interpret the model parameters from a path analysis perspective. Under this concept, the proposed penalty regulates the total effect of each predictor on the outcome. With regularity conditions, it is shown that under the proposed regularization, the estimator of the model coefficient is consistent in ℓ2-norm and the model selection is also consistent. When applied to a brain sMRI dataset acquired from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), the proposed approach identifies brain regions where atrophy in these regions demonstrates the declination in memory. With regularization on the total effects, the findings suggest that the impact of atrophy on memory deficits is localized from small brain regions, but at various levels of brain segmentation. Data used in preparation of this paper were obtained from the ADNI database.
The decoupling between labour compensation and productivity in high‐income countries: Why is the nexus broken?
Authors: Paternesi Meloni Walter , Stirati Antonella 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDuring the last decades, mature economies have tended to experience a divergence between labour compensation and productivity growth. Interpretations of this trend are still under debate. Our article aims at contributing to a sound, evidence‐based understanding. We estimate the magnitude of this decoupling for a panel of 22 high‐income economies (1970–2018) and empirically assess the role of a variety of factors. After providing evidence that casts doubt on the impact of technical change, we adopt a ‘political economy’ standpoint and focus on the structural effects on real compensation growth of several macroeconomic and institutional dimensions. Our findings indicate that labour market slack and the weakening of pro‐labour institutions have acted as important wage‐squeezing factors. A negative effect is also found for trade openness and international capital mobility, while most financialization variables are not significant. The robustness of our results is supported by a range of tests and specifications.
Only the smartest? Motivating job characteristics for all ability levels and their impact on job satisfaction
Authors: Dopeso‐Fernández Roberto , Giusti Giovanni , Kucel Aleksander 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUsing Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies data, we explore the relation between cognitive ability, proxied by an explicit test of individual numeracy level and the reported satisfaction of individuals with their job. The paper identifies a relation of individual cognitive ability on job satisfaction interacting with some characteristics of the job related to job complexity, namely job autonomy and learning opportunity in the workplace. We found that individuals with different levels of cognitive ability exhibit different levels of job satisfaction depending on how much learning and job autonomy allows their employment. Individuals with low level of cognitive ability enjoy more their job autonomy than individuals in the top of the ability distribution. The learning effect brings the most profits to the utility of workers from the middle quartiles. Finally, planning is most enjoyed at the top of the distribution. We discuss the implication of these findings from a practical perspective.
The effect of burosumab on intact and C‐terminal FGF23 measurements
Authors: Ashrafzadeh‐Kian Susan Louise , Ito Nobuaki , Srivastava Tarak , Garg Uttam , Kato Hajime , Algeciras‐Schimnich Alicia , Bornhorst Joshua A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of CRYSVITA® (burosumab‐twza) on FGF23 measurements in an intact and a C‐terminal immunoassay.MethodsAn intact serum FGF23 (MedFrontier) and a C‐terminal plasma FGF23 assay (Immutopics) were used. Serum/plasma pools were spiked to span the burosumab therapeutic range (1.4–11.3 μg/ml) and FGF23 recovery was assessed. Patient serum and plasma samples obtained pre and post‐burosumab treatment were evaluated on both assays and compared with corresponding phosphorus measurementsResultsSpiking burosumab (1.4–11.3 μg/ml) into sample pools resulted in a dose‐dependent negative analytical interference on intact FGF23 measurements and no significant interference for C‐terminal FGF23 measurements. However, more than a 500‐fold median increase (post‐ vs. pre‐burosumab administration) in in vivo FGF23 concentrations were observed by both assays.ConclusionsTherapeutic concentrations of burosumab result in a negative analytical interference of the intact, but not the C‐terminal FGF23 immunoassay. Despite this in vitro analytical interference in the intact assay, relatively large elevations of both intact FGF23 and C‐terminal FGF23 measurements were observed in vivo following burosumab administration. Following burosumab administration, FGF23 measurements must be interpreted within the clinical context of the patient and other relevant biomarker results.SummaryThis article describes a negative analytical interference by burosumab in an intact FGF23 immunoassay. The recovery of C‐terminal FGF23 is not significantly affected by the presence of burosumab. In vivo, both assays demonstrate extreme FGF23 elevations in the presence of the drug. Furthermore, the measurement of FGF23 blocked by burosumab is not clinically useful regarding hypophosphataemia.
Adrenal venous sampling for lateralization of cortisol hypersecretion in patients with bilateral adrenal masses
Authors: Johnson Paige C. , Thompson Scott M. , Adamo Daniel , Fleming Chad J. , Bancos Irina , McKenzie Travis J. , Cheville John , Young William F. , Andrews James C. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the role of adrenal venous sampling (AVS) in guiding the management of patients with corticotropin (ACTH)‐independent glucocorticoid secretory autonomy and bilateral adrenal masses.Design and PatientsA cohort with 25 patients underwent AVS and surgical management.MeasurementsCortisol was measured from the adrenal veins (AVs) and inferior vena cava (IVC). AV/IVC cortisol ratio and cortisol lateralization ratio (CLR) (dominant AV cortisol concentration divided by the nondominant AV cortisol concentration) were calculated. Posthoc receiver‐operating characteristic curves were generated to determine the specificity of revised AV/IVC cortisol ratio and CLR in differentiating unilateral from bilateral disease.ResultsPatients underwent unilateral (n = 21) or bilateral (n = 4) adrenalectomy. The mean AV/IVC cortisol ratio for unilateral adrenalectomy was 12.1 ± 9.6 (dominant) and 4.7 ± 3.8 (contralateral) with a mean CLR of 3.6 ± 3.5. The mean AV/IVC cortisol ratio for bilateral adrenalectomy was 7.5 ± 2.1, with a mean CLR of 1.1 ± 0.6. At a mean follow‐up of 22 months, one patient who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy for the predicted bilateral disease developed recurrent mild autonomous cortisol secretion. Posthoc analyses demonstrated a specificity of 95%–100% for unilateral disease with AV/IVC cortisol ratio >9 for one side, <2.0 for the opposite side and a CLR > 2.3. The specificity was 80%–90% for bilateral disease with AV/IVC cortisol ratio >5.1 bilaterally and a CLR < 1.1.ConclusionsAmong patients with bilateral adrenal masses and ACTH‐independent autonomous cortisol secretion, AVS can distinguish between unilateral and bilateral disease with high specificity and may guide surgical management.
Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity in patients with primary polydipsia compared to healthy controls
Authors: Sailer Clara O. , Kuehne Jill M , da Conceição Ismael , Refardt Julie , Christ‐Crain Mirjam , Winzeler Bettina 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivePrimary polydipsia is characterized by excessive fluid intake which may suppress vasopressin levels. It is speculated that suppressed vasopressin levels lead to a dysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis as vasopressin co‐modulates the HPA axis. However, data are contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate markers of the HPA axis in patients with primary polydipsia compared to healthy controls.DesignExploratory analysis combining data from two different prospective observational studies.PatientsWe included 34 patients with primary polydipsia (68% females, median aged 29.5 years (interquartile range, IQR: 26.0, 38.8) and 20 healthy controls (55% females, median age 24.0 years [IQR: 22.0, 27.2]).MeasurementsThe main outcome was difference in HPA axis activity assessed using circadian serum and salivary cortisol, 24‐h urinary free cortisol and cortisol levels before and after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation; vasopressin suppression was assessed measuring fasting copeptin levels between patients with primary polydipsia and healthy controls using Wilcoxon rank‐sum test.ResultsNo difference was seen in circadian serum cortisol levels (p = .9), urinary free cortisol levels (p = .17) and serum cortisol in response to ACTH stimulation (p = .77) between groups. Circadian salivary cortisol levels were significantly lower in patients with primary polydipsia compared to healthy controls with an estimated difference of −3.7 nmol/L (95% CI: −5.5, −1.8 nmol/L, p < .001). Fasting copeptin levels were significantly lower in patients with primary polydipsia compared to healthy volunteers (p < 0.01).ConclusionOur results suggest no difference in HPA axis activity between patients with primary polydipsia and healthy controls. The observed difference in salivary cortisol levels may be linked to a dilution effect in saliva rather than an altered stress axis considering the other findings.
Loss of tetraspanin‐7 expression reduces pancreatic β‐cell exocytosis Ca2+ sensitivity but has limited effect on systemic metabolism
Authors: McLaughlin Kerry , Acreman Samuel , Nawaz Sameena , Cutteridge Joseph , Clark Anne , Knudsen Jakob G. , Denwood Geoffrey , Spigelman Aliya F. , Manning Fox Jocelyn E. , Singh Sumeet Pal , MacDonald Patrick E. , Hastoy Benoit , Zhang Quan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundTetraspanin‐7 (Tspan7) is an islet autoantigen involved in autoimmune type 1 diabetes and known to regulate β‐cell L‐type Ca2+ channel activity. However, the role of Tspan7 in pancreatic β‐cell function is not yet fully understood.MethodsHistological analyses were conducted using immunostaining. Whole‐body metabolism was tested using glucose tolerance test. Islet hormone secretion was quantified using static batch incubation or dynamic perifusion. β‐cell transmembrane currents, electrical activity and exocytosis were measured using whole‐cell patch‐clamping and capacitance measurements. Gene expression was studied using mRNA‐sequencing and quantitative PCR.ResultsTspan7 is expressed in insulin‐containing granules of pancreatic β‐cells and glucagon‐producing α‐cells. Tspan7 knockout mice (Tspan7y/− mouse) exhibit reduced body weight and ad libitum plasma glucose but normal glucose tolerance. Tspan7y/− islets have normal insulin content and glucose‐ or tolbutamide‐stimulated insulin secretion. Depolarisation‐triggered Ca2+ current was enhanced in Tspan7y/− β‐cells, but β‐cell electrical activity and depolarisation‐evoked exocytosis were unchanged suggesting that exocytosis was less sensitive to Ca2+. TSPAN7 knockdown (KD) in human pseudo‐islets led to a significant reduction in insulin secretion stimulated by 20 mM K+. Transcriptomic analyses show that TSPAN7 KD in human pseudo‐islets correlated with changes in genes involved in hormone secretion, apoptosis and ER stress. Consistent with rodent β‐cells, exocytotic Ca2+ sensitivity was reduced in a human β‐cell line (EndoC‐βH1) following Tspan7 KD.ConclusionTspan7 is involved in the regulation of Ca2+‐dependent exocytosis in β‐cells. Its function is more significant in human β‐cells than their rodent counterparts.