bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polysaccharides induce deep-seaLentisphaeraestrains to release chronic bacteriophages
Authors: Wang Chong , Zheng Rikuan , Zhang Tianhang , Sun Chaomin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractViruses are ubiquitous in nature and play key roles in various ecosystems. Notably, some viruses (e.g. bacteriophage) exhibit alternative life cycles, such as chronic infections without cell lysis. However, the impact of chronic infections and their interactions with the host organisms remains largely unknown. Here, we found for the first time that polysaccharides induced the production of multiple temperate phages infecting two deep-seaLentisphaeraestrains (WC36 and zth2). Through physiological assays, genomic analysis, and transcriptomics assays, we found these bacteriophages were released via a chronic style without host cell lysis, which might reprogram host polysaccharide metabolism through the potential auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs). The findings presented here, together with recent discoveries made on the reprogramming of host energy-generating metabolisms by chronic bacteriophages, shed light on the poorly explored marine virus-host interaction and bring us closer to understanding the potential role of chronic viruses in marine ecosystems.
Dairy industry employee knowledge, attitudes and practices in response to COVID -19 policies in Jordan
Authors: Osaili Tareq , Al-Nabulsi Anas A. , Albluwi Balqees I.H. , Olaimat Amin , Shaker Obaid Reyad , Taha Sadi , Ayyash Mutamed , Holley Richard 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThis study examined the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of Jordanian dairy employees about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) characteristics and the effect of precautionary measures on food safety risk during the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted between Dec 17, 2020 and Feb 22, 2021, involving a total of 428 participants across 34 random chosen dairy facilities in Jordan. KAP related to COVID-19 were measured by 46 items, while 13 items were used to examine perceived notions regarding COVID-19 precautionary measures on food safety.FindingsThe results indicated that 32.2% of the respondents had sufficient knowledge, 60.3% had a good attitude, and 27.1% followed correct practices concerning COVID-19. Moreover, female respondents had higher total KAP scores of COVID-19 characteristics than males. Furthermore, older and more experienced respondents had higher total KAP scores than younger respondents. This study also observed that the total KAP scores were not affected by education, marital status, and job position. Characteristics and measures taken by the dairy industry were at large significantly associated with (p < 0.05) knowledge and practice of employees about COVID-19 attributes. Results of this study suggested that Jordanian dairy workers were not adequately aware about COVID-19.Originality/valueNo such study on dairy workers has been conducted previously to the best of the authors’ knowledge. Moreover, studies which analyse the association of industry response and characteristics on the KAP of employees are very limited.
Strategizing for innovative work behavior in higher education institutions: the role of creative self-efficacy
Authors: Namono Rehema , Obanda Peter Wanyama , Ayebale Dan , Isiagi Emmanuel , Wofuma Gorden 
Published: August 2022

PurposeScholars have emphasized the antecedent role of personal factors such as creative self-efficacy (CSE) in enhancing innovative behavior in work settings. Existent studies have revealed that individuals with high CSE have the cognitive ability to resiliently exhibit innovative work behavior (IWB). Little is however known as regards the influence of CSE on innovative work behavior in service settings, more so in developing countries. This study sought to establish the antecedent role of CSE on IWB as a multistage process comprising creativity and IWB.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopted a cross-sectional research design to establish the hypothetical influence of CSE on innovative work behavior and collected data at one point in time. The researchers used regression analysis to establish the influence of CSE on IWB using a sample of teaching staff selected from Ugandan public Universities.FindingsThe findings reveal that CSE has a significant effect on creativity as the first step in the innovation process. The results further revealed that CSE has a statistically significant influence on IWB.Research limitations/implicationsThe researchers collected data from public Universities, and the application of the findings may fall short when applied to a setting of private universities. Therefore, future research can consider a setting of private universities to replicate the current study findings. The study was cross-sectional, and yet employees' CSE and innovation behavior may change over time. This study opens grounds for longitudinal research in the same research area.Practical implicationsThe study shapes direction for practicing managers to resiliently strategize for enhancing creative self-efficacy of employees to promote IWB. Specifically, our study indicates that organizations must enhance positive organizational behavior like CSE to enhance employees' ability to resiliently overcome the fear of uncertainty associated with innovation. While devising the intervention strategies geared towards enhancing CSE, organizations need to consider the stage of IWB required whether at creativity or innovation stage of the innovative behavior.Originality/valueThis research is empirically and theoretically valuable. This is an original study to establish a direct causal influence of CSE on creativity and IWB using a sample drawn from public Universities in the context of a developing Country. Theoretically, the study expands on the applicability of the social cognitive theory (SCT) by revealing that the influence of an individual's personality characteristics like CSE varies with the stage of IWB because the tasks involved in the various types of IWB differ and thus the magnitude of influence varies.
Workers' attitudes toward women managers: evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Phan Anh T. , Nguyen Hannah-Hanh D. 
Published: August 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to investigate personality-related antecedents of Vietnamese workers' attitudes toward female managers, which subsequently predicted workers' judgments of them.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a factorial experiment to examine participants' general attitudes toward women's rights and roles and their particular attitudes toward female managers in the workplace. Vietnamese workers (N = 159) were randomly assigned to experimental conditions of manager performance and completed a post-test questionnaire. This study also qualitatively explored participants' observations of any gender stereotypes in the workplace.FindingsFindings demonstrated that participants' gender, general attitudes toward women's social rights and roles, and internal work locus of control positively predicted their attitudes toward female managers. Qualitative findings showed perceived gender-based egalitarianism in the workplace, but women's leadership qualities were barely recognized.Originality/valueThis study is the first to utilize a mixed-method approach to assess Vietnamese workers' attitudes, contributing to the literature on attitudes toward both women in general and women in management in Asia generally and in Vietnam in particular.
Flexural bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced plastics strips and ultra-high performance concrete layers
Authors: Liu Long , Wan Songqiang 
Published: August 2022

PurposeTo make full use of the tensile strength of near surface mounting (NSM) pasted carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) strips and further increase the flexural bearing capacity and flexibility of reinforced concrete (RC) beams, a new composite reinforcement method using ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) layer in the compression zone of RC beams is submitted based on embedding CFRP strips in the tension zone of RC beams. This paper aims to discuss the aforementioned points.Design/methodology/approachThe experimental beam was simulated by ABAQUS, and compared with the experimental results, the validity of the finite element model was verified. On this basis, the reinforced RC beam is used as the control beam, and parameters such as the CFRP strip number, UHPC layer thickness, steel bar ratio and concrete strength are studied through the verified model. In addition, the numerical calculation results of yield strength, ultimate strength, failure deflection and flexibility are also given.FindingsThe flexural bearing capacity of RC beams supported by the new method is 132.3% higher than that of unreinforced beams, and 7.8% higher than that of RC beams supported only with CFRP strips. The deflection flexibility coefficient of the new reinforced RC beam is 8.06, which is higher than that of the unreinforced beam and the reinforced concrete beam with only CFRP strips embedded in the tension zone.Originality/valueIn this paper, a new reinforcement method is submitted, and the effects of various parameters on the ultimate bearing capacity and flexibility of reinforced RC beams are analyzed by the finite element numerical simulation. Finally, the effectiveness of the new method is verified by the analytical formula.
Strategic vendor due diligence in real estate transactions
Authors: Wiejak-Roy Grazyna Aleksandra 
Published: August 2022

PurposeIn light of the ever-growing complexity of real estate transactions, the need for vendors and buyers to better understand the role of vendor due diligence (VDD) is imperative. The purpose of this paper is twofold: firstly, it provides a detailed literature review regarding the role of VDD from both the vendor's and buyers' perspectives. Secondly, it analyses the value of VDD over and above the buyer's due diligence (BDD) in real estate transactions by proposing a theoretical model involving two-stage auctions.Design/methodology/approachReal-world examples from the industry are used as a motivation behind listing a set of practical questions. A theoretical construct is built to approximate the real estate environment under study. The construct is then studied from a game-theoretic perspective to obtain theoretical answers to the questions. These answers are then used to shape recommendations for the relevant industry and beyond.FindingsThe model suggested accommodates the feature that even though the VDD is broadly increasing informational efficiency in the market, its value is limited and sometimes harmful when the vendors have a sound prior understanding of their assets and the buyers' pre-transaction information about the asset is already high.Originality/valueThough the real estate market is considered here, the theoretical model we propose is applicable to any other complex asset transaction decision that supports endogenous information disclosure considerations using VDD.
Uptake of Staphylococcus aureus by keratinocytes is reduced by interferon–fibronectin pathway and filaggrin expression
Authors: Miyake Ryu , Iwamoto Kazumasa , Sakai Norio , Matsunae Kyoka , Aziz Fatkhanuddin , Sugai Motoyuki , Takahagi Shunsuke , Tanaka Akio , Hide Michihiro 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is frequently detected in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). AD skin‐derived strains of S. aureus (AD strain) are selectively internalized into keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) compared to standard strains. However, the mechanism of AD strain internalization by keratinocytes and effect of the skin environment on internalization remain unclear. HaCaT cells were exposed to heat‐killed AD or standard strains of fluorescently labeled S. aureus, with or without interferon (IFN)‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐4, and IL‐13 cytokines, for 24 h. Filaggrin and fibronectin expression in HaCaT cells was knocked down using small interfering RNA. The amount of internalized S. aureus was evaluated using a cell imaging system. The effects of INF‐γ, IL‐4, and S. aureus exposure on mRNA expression in HaCaT cells were analyzed using single‐cell RNA sequencing. AD strains adhered to HaCaT cells in approximately 15 min and were increasingly internalized for up to 3 h (2361 ± 467 spots/100 cells, mean ± SD), whereas the standard strain was not (991 ± 71 spots/100 cells). In the presence of IFN‐γ, both the number of internalized strains and fibronectin expression significantly decreased compared to in the control, whereas Th2 cytokines had no significant effects. The number of internalized AD strains was significantly higher in filaggrin knockdown and lower in fibronectin knockdown HaCaT cells compared to in the control. RNA sequencing revealed that IFN‐γ decreased both fibronectin and filaggrin expression. Keratinocyte internalization of the AD strain may be predominantly mediated by the INF‐γ‐fibronectin pathway and partially regulated by filaggrin expression.
The effects of functional differences in cultivar of Cryptomeria japonica on nutrient dynamics and soil invertebrates in a common garden
Authors: Ohta Tamihisa , Hiura Tsutom 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRecently, some studies have established the ecological effects of intraspecific variation in phytochemical traits on soil ecosystems. Because plantations comprise a major proportion of forest area in some regions, intraspecific functional variation in plantation tree species is of great importance to forest ecosystems. Intraspecific variation in plantation tree species can result from natural geographical and cultivated variation. A previous study estimated the effects of geographical variation of Cryptomeria japonica, the most dominant plantation tree in Japan. The results showed that the significant consequences for ecosystem processes, such as calcium (Ca) dynamics and community composition of soil invertebrates, vary among the geographical variation of C. japonica. However, no studies have shown the effect of cultivar variation of tree species on the soil invertebrate community through alteration of the availability of nutrients. In this study, we used a common garden where four cultivars of C. japonica (Kumotoshi, Aya, Obi, and Satsumameasa) were planted in separate plots. In these plots, we measured the concentration of nutrients in leaves, litter and roots, strontium isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr) of leaves. Root activities, exchangeable nutrients in soil, and soil parameters such as soil pH and abundance and composition of soil invertebrates. Our results show that cultivating different varieties of C. japonica may alter the accumulation of Ca in soil and soil pH. Furthermore, the effects of the cultivated varieties of C. japonica shape the abundance and composition of soil invertebrates by altering the soil properties, such as Ca concentration and pH in the soil.
Supplementary and Complementary Congruence at the Apex of the Organization: Management and Board as a Strategic‐Oriented Multiteam System
Authors: González Carlos , Greve Peder 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOur knowledge of the top management team (TMT) and board interface in the context of major strategic decisions remains limited. Drawing upon the strategic leadership system perspective (SLSP) and the interface approach, we argue that the two groups constitute a strategic‐oriented multiteam system and consider how supplementary (similarity) and complementary (interacting variety) congruence of international and functional backgrounds influence strategic decision‐making. Looking at the internationalization decisions of the largest public firms in the UK, we find that complementary congruence of international backgrounds and supplementary congruence of functional experience promote the pursuit of new market entries. We extend the SLSP by showing how the cognitive TMT–board interface dynamics associated with supplementary and complementary congruence are important antecedents of strategic outcomes. Further, we find a boundary condition to the interface approach in strategic leadership research by identifying the underlying mechanisms that activate some TMT–board interfaces and not others.
Milk, Modernity and Muscles: Raw Dairy and Bodybuilding in 1960s America
Authors: Heffernan Conor 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn the mid‐1960s, bodybuilding coach Vince Gironda began promoting raw milk. Done alongside nutritional supplement entrepreneur Rheo H. Blair, the pair claimed raw (unpasteurised) milk was the most anabolic and ‘pure’ substance available to men. Accordingly, raw milk and cream were presented as effective as anabolic steroids used by bodybuilders. Studies of milk have often focused on the manufacturing, trading and politics surrounding the foodstuff. Few studies have associated milk with masculinity in the same way that scholars have done for meat. This article examines Gironda and Blair's nutritional plans with reference to modernity and masculinity and highlights the hyper‐realised masculine bodies and personalities linked to raw milk.
Racial disparities in pregnancy options counseling and referral in the US South
Authors: Nobel Kristin , Luke Alina A. , Rice Whitney S. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine racial variation in receipt of counseling and referral for pregnancy options (abortion, adoption, and parenting) following pregnancy confirmation. Equitable offering of such information is a professional and ethical obligation and an opportunity to prevent racial disparities in maternal and child health.Data SourcePrimary data from patients at southern United States publicly funded family planning clinics, October 2018–June 2019.Study DesignPatients at 14 clinics completed a survey about their experiences with pregnancy options counseling and referral following a positive pregnancy test. The primary predictor variable was patients' self‐reported racial identity. Outcomes included discussion of pregnancy options, referral for those options, and for support services.Data CollectionData from eligible patients with non‐missing information for key variables (n = 313) were analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ2 tests, and multivariable logistic regression.Principal FindingsPatients were largely Black (58%), uninsured (64%), and 18–29 years of age (80%). Intention to continue pregnancy and receipt of prenatal care referral did not differ significantly among Black as compared to non‐Black patients. However, Black patients had a higher likelihood of wanting an abortion or adoption referral and not receiving one (abortion: marginal effect [ME] = 7.68%, p = 0.037; adjusted ME [aME] = 9.02%, p = 0.015; adoption: ME = 7.06%, p = 0.031; aME = 8.42%, p = 0.011). Black patients intending to end their pregnancies had a lower probability of receiving an abortion referral than non‐Black patients (ME = −22.37%, p = 0.004; aME = −19.69%, p = 0.023). In the fully adjusted model, Black patients also had a higher probability of wanting access to care resources (including transportation, childcare, and financial support) and not receiving them (aME = 5.38%, p = 0.019).ConclusionsClinical interactions surrounding pregnancy confirmation provide critical opportunities to discuss options, coordinate care, and mitigate risk, yet are susceptible to systemic bias. These findings add to limited evidence around pregnancy counseling and referral disparities. Ongoing assessment of pregnancy counseling and referral disparities can provide insight into organizational strengths or the potential to increase structural equity.
Trends in postpartum mental health care before and during COVID‐19
Authors: Rokicki Slawa , Steenland Maria W. , Geiger Caroline K. , Gourevitch Rebecca A. , Chen Lucy , Martin Michelle W. , Cohen Jessica L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of COVID‐19 on trends in postpartum mental health diagnoses and utilization of psychotherapy and prescription drug treatment.Data SourcesData were obtained from a large, national health insurance claims database that tracks individuals longitudinally.Study DesignWe used interrupted time series models to examine changes in trends of postpartum mental health diagnoses before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic and t‐tests to examine differences in treatment.Data Extraction MethodsWe used billing codes to identify individuals who received mental health‐related diagnoses and treatment in the first 90 days after a birth hospitalization. We excluded individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and those with an unknown payer at delivery.Principal FindingsCompared to the pre‐pandemic period, the trend in new postpartum mental health diagnoses increased significantly in the post‐COVID‐19 period (0.06 percentage points [95%CI 0.01, 0.11]). Over 12 months, the percentage of new diagnoses was 5.0% greater relative to what would be expected in absence of COVID‐19. The percentage of diagnosed individuals who did not receive treatment increased from 50.4% to 52.7% (p = 0.003).ConclusionsFindings point to an urgent need to improve screening and treatment pathways for perinatal individuals in the wake of COVID‐19.
Farmers' participation in the Income Stabilisation Tool: Evidence from the apple sector in Italy
Authors: Rippo Ruggiero , Cerroni Simone 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Income Stabilisation Tool (IST), which was recently added to the European Common Agricultural Policy's risk management toolkit, is a mutual fund that aims at stabilising farmers' income. We investigate the drivers of farmers' participation in an IST for the apple sector in the Autonomous Province of Trento in Italy, which is the only region that has operationalised the IST in the European Union. Our analysis is based on a theoretical framework based on the Unified Theory of Use and Acceptance of Technology. Using a three‐year panel dataset of 3268 farm households, we estimated a logit model with the Mundlak–Chamberlain procedure. Our results show that higher crop production specialisation, associated with greater risk exposure, favours participation in the IST. Similarly, previous experience with mutual funds increases the acceptance of the IST. The analysis also provides evidence of how the new tool interacts with existing on‐farm protection strategies, leading to a discussion of the presence of adverse and advantageous selection effects. Our paper sheds light on farmers' acceptance of newly implemented sector‐specific ISTs and generates better knowledge and understanding of lock‐ins and levers that influence participation in such schemes, which are relevant to other EU regions or member states that are considering the introduction of ISTs.