bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanobody-based CAR-T cells for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Safarzadeh Kozani Pouya , Naseri Abdolhossein , Mirarefin Seyed Mohamad Javad , Salem Faeze , Nikbakht Mojtaba , Evazi Bakhshi Sahar , Safarzadeh Kozani Pooria 
Published: April 2022

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is the result of combining genetic engineering-based cancer immunotherapy with adoptive cell therapy (ACT). CAR-T therapy has been successful in treating various types of hematological cancers. CARs are receptors made of an extracellular domain, a membrane-spanning domain, and an intracellular domain. The extracellular domain of CARs harbors an antigen-targeting domain responsible for recognizing and binding cell surface-expressed target antigens. Conventionally, the single-chain fragment variable (scFv) of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) is used as the antigen-targeting domain of CARs. However, of late, researchers have exploited nanobodies for this aim based on numerous rationales including the small size of nanobodies, their stability, specificity, and high affinity, and their easy and feasible development process. Many findings have confirmed that nanobody-based CAR-Ts can be as functional as scFv-based CAR-Ts in preclinical and clinical settings. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of scFvs and nanobodies in regards to their application as the targeting domain of CARs. Ultimately, we discuss various CAR target antigens which have been targeted using nanobody-based CAR-T cells for the treatment of different types of malignancies.
Impaired signaling for neuromuscular synaptic maintenance is a feature of Motor Neuron Disease
Authors: Ding Qiao , Kesavan Kaamini , Lee Kah Meng , Wimberger Elyse , Robertson Thomas , Gill Melinder , Power Dominique , Chang Jeryn , Fard Atefeh T. , Mar Jessica C. , Henderson Robert D. , Heggie Susan , McCombe Pamela A. , Jeffree Rosalind L. , Colditz Michael J. , Hilliard Massimo A. , Ng Dominic C. H. , Steyn Frederik J. , Phillips William D. , Wolvetang Ernst J. , Ngo Shyuan T. , Noakes Peter G. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA central event in the pathogenesis of motor neuron disease (MND) is the loss of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), yet the mechanisms that lead to this event in MND remain to be fully elucidated. Maintenance of the NMJ relies upon neural agrin (n-agrin) which, when released from the nerve terminal, activates the postsynaptic Muscle Specific Kinase (MuSK) signaling complex to stabilize clusters of acetylcholine receptors. Here, we report that muscle from MND patients has an increased proportion of slow fibers and muscle fibers with smaller diameter. Muscle cells cultured from MND biopsies failed to form large clusters of acetylcholine receptors in response to either non-MND human motor axons or n-agrin. Furthermore, levels of expression of MuSK, and MuSK-complex components: LRP4, Caveolin-3, and Dok7 differed between muscle cells cultured from MND patients compared to those from non-MND controls. To our knowledge, this is the first time a fault in the n-agrin-LRP4-MuSK signaling pathway has been identified in muscle from MND patients. Our results highlight the n-agrin-LRP4-MuSK signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target to prolong muscle function in MND.
Lung perfusion during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a model of hypoxemic respiratory failure
Authors: Mendes Pedro Vitale , Park Marcelo , de Azevedo Luciano Cesar Pontes , Morais Caio Cesar Araujo , Amato Marcelo Brito Passos , Costa Eduardo Leite Vieira 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides blood oxygenation and carbon dioxide removal in acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, during ECMO support, the native lungs still play an important role in gas exchange, functioning as a second oxygenator in series with ECMO. The hypoxic vasoconstriction mechanism diverts regional blood flow within the lungs away from regions with low oxygen levels, optimizing ventilation/perfusion matching. ECMO support has the potential to reduce this adaptive pulmonary response and worsen the ventilation/perfusion mismatch by raising venous oxygen partial pressure. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ECMO on regional pulmonary perfusion and pulmonary hemodynamics during unilateral ventilation and posterior lung collapse.

Methods
Five Agroceres pigs were instrumented, monitored and submitted to ECMO. We used the Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) to evaluate lung ventilation and perfusion in all protocol steps. Effects of ECMO support on pulmonary hemodynamics and perfusion involving two different scenarios of ventilation/perfusion mismatch: (1) right-lung selective intubation inducing collapse of the normal left lung and (2) dorsal lung collapse after repeated lung lavage. Data including hemodynamics, respiratory, lung perfusion/ventilation, and laboratory data over time were analyzed with a mixed generalized model using the subjects as a random factor.

Results
The initiation of ECMO support provided a significant reduction in Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAPm) in both situations of ventilation/perfusion mismatch. However, distribution of lung perfusion did not change with the use of ECMO support.

Conclusions
We found that the use of ECMO support with consequent increase in venous oxygen pressure induced a significant drop in PAPm with no detectable effect on regional lung perfusion in different scenarios of ventilation/perfusion mismatch.
A qualitative evaluation of participants experiences of living with back pain, lumbar fusion surgery, and post-operative rehabilitation
Authors: Greenwood James , Hurley Michael , McGregor Alison , McCourt Orla , Jones Fiona 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The use of lumbar fusion surgery is increasing in developed economies. High levels of patient dissatisfaction are reported post-operatively. To address this need, we developed a theoretically informed rehabilitation programme for use following lumbar fusion surgery (the REFS programme). We conducted a mixed methods randomised controlled feasibility study (REFS v ‘usual care’). The numerical and feasibility outcomes are reported separately. The current qualitative study was ‘nested’ within the main feasibility study to explore participants’ experiences before and after lumbar fusion surgery including the impact of rehabilitation content. This facilitated a deeper understanding of potential mechanisms of action, for theoretical and programme refinement.

Methods
A purposive sample (n = 10 ‘usual care’, n = 10 REFS) was identified from the main feasibility study cohort. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted post-operatively (median 8 months, range 5–11). Interview data were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analysed thematically.

Results
Three themes were constructed: the breadth and severity of impact associated with a chronic lumbar disorder was summarised in theme 1, ‘Ever-decreasing circles; living with a chronic lumbar disorder’. Theme 2, ‘What have I done? Reflections on recovery from lumbar fusion surgery’, illustrated participants post-operative helplessness, which was associated with worsening mental health, problematic use of opioids, fear related to the instillation of metalware, and the important mitigating effect of informal social support. Theme 3 ‘Rehabilitation experiences’ identified critical rehabilitation programme content including exercise, a shared rehabilitation experience, the opportunity for vicarious learning, and professional expertise.

Conclusions
To enhance patient benefit future REFS programme iterations should consider reinforcement of the identified valued programme content. Additional content should be considered to mitigate post-operative fear, which frequently aligned with the instillation of metalware into the spine. Participant’s perceptions regarding the necessity of lumbar fusion surgery has potential implications for the surgical consent process.

Trial registration
Study registration; ISRCTN60891364, date registered 10/7/2014.
Inter-observer and intra-observer agreement in drug-induced sedation endoscopy — a systematic approach
Authors: Zainali-Gill Kasra , Bertelsen Jannik Buus , von Buchwald Christian , Ovesen Therese , Kiaer Eva Kierkegaard 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the feasibility of systematic observer training in drug-induced sedation endoscopy (DISE) interpretation.

Methods
Fifty DISE videos were randomly selected from a group of 200 videos of cohort of patients with OSA and/or snoring. The videos were assessed blindly and independently using a modified VOTE classification by an expert observer and by two novice observers starting their training. A systematic approach was initiated. Clusters of 10 videos were scored individually by each observer and then re-evaluated as the expert observer clarified the decision-making in plenum. Kappa coefficient (κ) was calculated as a measure of agreement.

Results
The intra-observer variation for the total agreement and kappa values for the expert observer ranged between moderate to substantial agreement in VOTE classification, whereas the novices varied between “less than chance agreement” to “moderate agreement.” The inter-observer variation showed increased agreement and kappa values from day 1 to day 2 for both novice observers except at the velum level for observer C. The total agreement and kappa values for each site also improved compared to results of day 1, except at velum for observer C. The velum site seemed to be more difficult to evaluate. The learning curve varied during the study course for each site of the upper airways.

Conclusion
This study shows that systematic intensive training is feasible, although expert level is not acquired after 100 evaluations. The learning curve for the expert observer showed “moderate to substantial agreement” but differed between the trainees.

Level of evidence
2
Exploring causal relationships in proteomic profiles in Cytoscape using the CausalPath App
Authors: Saha Pritam , Babur Özgun , Sander Chris , Luna Augustin 
Published: April 2022

Introduction: CausalPath compares experimentally measured changes in molecular profiles against curated biological pathways and infers causality between changes in measured features from profiling experiments (e.g., RNA-seq or proteomics from total or phospho-protein levels). Methods: We developed the CausalPath Cytoscape App, an app (i.e., plugin) for visualizing results from the CausalPath method within the Cytoscape Java-based desktop network analysis and visualization platform. Use Cases: Users are given instruction that represents use cases in multiple cancer research areas through the visualization of CausalPath analysis results generated from data by the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium. Discussion: The CausalPath Cytoscape App visualizes the set of known interactions that are supported by molecular profiling data via the CausalPath method. This integration of CausalPath and Cytoscape benefits users interested in performing secondary analyses (e.g., module detection) on the sub-networks that result from CausalPath analysis by utilizing the many analytical features available in the Cytoscape software ecosystem.
HIV index partner testing services in urban Lusaka: a retrospective review of medical records
Authors: Katamba Cibangu 
Published: April 2022

Background: As the proportions of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who do not know their HIV infection status decrease, reaching the remaining few who are asymptomatic and not in contact with the health care system becomes a critical challenge. Therefore, reaching the first 90 of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets will require effective and efficient HIV testing approaches. The number of PLHIV who know their HIV status and who receive antiretroviral therapy could increase by the expansion of index testing services. Methods: This project was a retrospective study looking at medical records of HIV positive clients who were elicited for index testing between October and December 2019. It was conducted in three high volume health facilities in Matero Urban sub-district 3 in Lusaka, Zambia. Results: The HIV test outcomes for index contacts were as follows: 452 index contacts (53.5%) tested HIV negative, 113 index contacts (13.4%) tested HIV positive, 108 index contacts (12.8%) were known HIV positive, and 172 index contacts (20.4%) were not yet tested for HIV. Of the 113 contacts who tested HIV positive, 90 index contacts started anti-retroviral therapy within 7 days (79.6%). The total number of 845 contacts were elicited from 604 index clients, giving a low elicitation ratio of 1:1.4. There was not much difference between gender for elicited contacts (423 men and 422 women). A total number of 565 index contacts were eligible for HIV test. 113 of them tested HIV positive, representing a positivity yield of 20%. Pearson Chi-Square test value was 6.376 and the p value was 0.012. This result is statistically significant since p value (0.481) is smaller than the designated alpha level (0.05). Conclusions: HIV programs need to explore and address barriers to HIV partner testing services to avoid over-testing and maximize HIV case identification (thus, improving HIV testing positivity yield).
Sociedade do medo e dimensões do poder: políticas de segurança pública para o empoderamento cidadão
Authors: Faria Josiane Petry , Godinho Tassiane Lidia 
Published: April 2022

ResumoEste artigo objetiva analisar, criticamente, a problemática da vulnerabilidade das políticas de segurança pública, bem como a verticalização das políticas públicas criminais. Para a consecução da pesquisa, partiu-se de uma análise a partir do método dedutivo, e, a técnica de pesquisa é a bibliográfica. das temáticas da criminalização da pobreza, e da expansão do poder punitivo, da verticalização das políticas criminais, e do desempoderamento cidadão e, por fim, da revisão das políticas públicas e do modelo de desenvolvimento para o empoderamento cidadão. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram que diante da situação expressa pela cultura do medo na sociedade contemporânea, deve-se elaborar um estudo detalhado acerca do panorama para que novas formas de políticas de segurança pública possam ser projetadas, não se restringindo ao processo repressivo trazido pelas políticas criminalizadoras de segurança, criadas e implementadas na sociedade, que se materializou em um clima aparentemente de segurança pública, mas que, no entanto, representam a sustentação da dominação e do poder de classes, repreendendo cidadãos desfavorecidos e reafirmando-se em expressões fenomenais de combate ao crime.Palavras-chave: Dimensões do poder; empoderamento pessoal; políticas criminalizadoras desegurança; sociedade do medo. AbstractThis article aims to critically analyze the vulnerability of public security policies, as well as the verticalization of criminal public policies. In order to carry out the research, an analysis was made based on the deductive method, and the research technique is bibliographic the themes of the criminalization of poverty, and the expansion of punitive power, the verticalization of criminal policies, and citizen disempowerment and, finally, the review of public policies and the development model for citizen empowerment. The results of this research demonstrate that in view of the situation expressed by the culture of fear in contemporary society, a detailed study about the panorama must be elaborated so that new forms of public security policies can be designed, not being restricted to the repressive process brought about by the policies criminalizing security, created and implemented in society, which materialized in an apparently public security climate, but which nevertheless represent the support of class domination and power, rebuking disadvantaged citizens and reaffirming themselves in phenomenal expressions of combat to crime.Keywords: Personal empowerment; Criminalizing security policies; Dimensions of power; Societyof fear.
Inteligência artificial para a redução do tempo de análise dos recursos extraordinários: o impacto do projeto Victor no Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Prado Dilson Alves , Andrade Mariana Dionísio de 
Published: April 2022

Resumo“Robôs” seriam capazes de reduzir o tempo de tramitação processual nas Cortes brasileiras? O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar o impacto do Projeto VICTOR na redução do tempo de análise da Repercussão Geral nos Recursos Extraordinários. O estudo aborda a aplicação da Inteligência artificial, a partir de softwares que usam Machine Learning e Natural Language Processing, A abordagem é qualitativa, e a pesquisa é bibliográfica e descritiva, apoiando-se em dados secundários disponibilizados pelo Relatório Justiça em Números e Supremo Tribunal Federal. É possível concluir que o software VICTOR possibilitou uma considerável economia de tempo na identificação de Repercussão Geral dos Recursos Extraordinários, influindo na redução numérica da classe recursal no STF, além de constituir valoroso estímulo ao uso de ferramentas de inteligência artificial para outros tribunais, e mecanismo útil para a construção de um banco de dados capaz de reunir informações sobre os assuntos qualificados, principais litigantes, temas mais incidentes, mapeamento de informações e cumprimento da eficácia objetiva.Palavras-chave: Projeto VICTOR; Supremo Tribunal Federal; Redução do tempo de análise dos Recursos Extraordinários. AbstractWould “robots” be capable of reducing the time taken to suit analysis in the Brazilian Courts? This article aims to identify the impact of the VICTOR Project in decreasing the analysis time of general repercussions on writ of error’s appeal. The study addresses the application of Artificial Intelligence, using software that uses Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing. The approach is qualitative, and the research is bibliographic and descriptive, based on secondary data provided by the Justice in Numbers Report and the Federal Supreme Court. It is possible to conclude that the VICTOR software enabled considerable time savings in the identification of the general repercussion on writ of error’s appeal, influencing the numerical reduction of the appeal class in the Federal Supreme Court, besides constituting a valuable stimulus to the use of artificial intelligence tools for other courts and useful mechanism for the construction of a database capable of gathering information on qualified subjects, main litigants, most incident issues, mapping information and fulfilling objective effectiveness.Keywords: VICTOR Project; Federal Court of Justice; Analysis time of writ of error’s appeal decrease.
Short Communication: Assessing the relationship of Sumatran elephant’s movement (Elephas maximus sumatranus) with vegetation intensity in Kotaagung Utara, Lampung Province, Indonesia using NDVI method
Authors: BAKRI SAMSUL , MONIK DELLA TIARA , SETIAWAN AGUS , WINARNO GUNARDI DJOKO 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Bakri S, Monik DT, Setiawan A, Winarno GD. 2022. Short Communication: Assessing the relationship of Sumatran elephant’s movement (Elephas maximus sumatranus) with vegetation intensity in Kotaagung Utara, Lampung Province, Indonesia using NDVI method. Biodiversitas 23: 1920-1928. The Indonesian Elephant Conservation Forum stated that the population of Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) had decreased dramatically up to 70% in the last 20-30 years due to illegal hunting, land conversion, and encroachment, so the availability of elephant food in the wild is gradually inadequate. With the decline of the elephant population in Indonesia, several parties such as the government, NGO, and the public are beginning to monitor the Sumatran elephant. The monitoring is carried out by observing and studying the movements of elephants using a GPS Collar. The research aims to find out the consistency of elephant movement and its relationship to the availability of feed as indicated by the intensity of vegetation in KPH Kotaagung Utara, Lampung Province, Indonesia. This research used GIS technology (Correlation Citra Landsat 8 OLI and BIG Demnas Data), elephant movement data using GPS Collar in 2020, and land use data by BPKH Lampung. The results showed that the monthly movement pattern of elephants in 2020 was consistently monitored. From January-July, elephants are in the North area, while in August-December are in the South. The intensity of elephant movement in the Mixed Shrub Dryland Agriculture area is higher than in the other areas, at 107 points or about 90% of all the areas in KPH Kotaagung Utara. Meanwhile, in the Dryland and Shrub Agriculture areas, there are 6 points each, or about 5% of all the areas. The vegetation classification in KPH Kotaagung Utara is dense with an NDVI value range of 0.63-0.85. Furthermore, the regression results prove that NDVI and the monthly season affect the movement of elephants with a p-value of <0.001.
Food, medicinal plants, and homemade beverages, used as a response to the pandemic in Ethiopia
Authors: MEGERSA MOA , DIDA GETU , GADISSA FEKADU , SEBSIBE AYALEW , GERMAME ABIGIYA , ALEMAYEHU GETU , KEBEDE BERHANU , BEKELE DEREJE , BELACHEW SHIFERAW 
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Megersa M, Dida G, Gadissa F, Sebsibe A, Germame A, Alemayehu G, Kebede B, Bekele D, Belachew S. 2022. Food, medicinal plants, and homemade beverages, used as a response to the pandemic in Ethiopia. Biodiversitas 23: 2146-2155. SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for an infectious disease called COVID-19, significantly impacted the global community, including Ethiopia. Meanwhile, people responded to the disease in various ways using available household materials. These include food, medicinal plants, and household beverages used for preventing and curing symptoms of COVID-19. Thus, the present study was initiated to assess these foods, medicinal plants, and beverages used in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a web-based survey and phone call to collect data related to food, medicinal plants, and beverages used during COVID-19 by emphasizing medicinal plants. The questionnaire was created through Google Form and circulated through social media such as Facebook, Telegram, and Whatsapp. A total of 680 respondents took part in the survey. Relative citation frequencies (RFC) were calculated to assess popular medicinal plants used to prevent or mitigate the disease. A total of 53 medicinal plants used to prevent and cure COVID-19 distributed to 24 families were recorded. Leaves (30%) were the most frequently utilized plant part. The respondents indicated that they were using medicinal plants for COVID-19 prevention at least once a day, accounting for (41.3%). Most of them recommended using medicinal plants to prevent the disease. Relative frequency of citation (RFC) indicated that Zingiber officinale Roscoe was the most popular medicinal plant used during the pandemic. Apart from medicinal plants, foods and beverages were also frequently used during the pandemic. The majority of respondents (49.6%) mentioned that local communities were their source of information. Respondents also indicated the use of the medicinal plant has increased during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic claiming that they have the potential to prevent and cure COVID-19. However, this should not be considered a panacea since the effectiveness of these medicinal plants, foods, and beverages has not been confirmed.