bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gridization‐Driven Mesoscale Self‐Assembly of Conjugated Nanopolymers into Luminescence‐Anisotropic Photonic Crystals
Authors: Lin Dongqing , Liu Jin'an , Zhang He , Qian Yue , Yang Hao , Liu Lihui , Ren Ang , Zhao Yongsheng , Yu Xiang , Wei Ying , Hu Shu , Li Lianjie , Li Shifeng , Sheng Chuanxiang , Zhang Wenhua , Chen Shufen , Shen Jianping , Liu Huifang , Feng Quanyou , Wang Shasha , Xie Linghai , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOrganic semiconducting emitters integrated with butterfly‐mimetic photonic crystals (PhCs) are fascinating for dramatic advantages over light outcoupling efficiency and multifunctional strain sensors, as well as the key step toward electrically pumped lasers. Herein, an unprecedentedly direct mesoscale self‐assembly into 1D PhCs is reported through a covalently gridization‐driven approach of wide‐bandgap conjugated polymers. A simple solvent‐casting procedure allows for in situ self‐assembly of the state‐of‐the‐art conjugated nanopolymer, poly{[4‐(octyloxy)‐9,9‐diphenylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl]grid}‐co‐{[5‐(octyloxy)‐9,9‐diphenylfluoren‐2,7‐diyl]grid} (PODPFG), into well‐defined multilayer architectures with an excellent toughness (30–40 J m–3). This ordered meso‐architecture shows a typical Bragg–Snell diffraction behavior to testify the PhC nature, along with a high effective refractive index (1.80–1.88) and optical transmittance (85–87%). The PhC films also exhibit an angle‐dependent blue/green photoluminescence switching, an electroluminescence efficiency enhancement by 150–250%, and an amplified spontaneous emission enhancement with ultralow waveguide loss coefficient (2.60 cm–1). Gridization of organic semiconductors offers promising opportunities for cross‐scale morphology‐directed molecular design in multifunctional organic mechatronics and intelligences.
A Stable Bilayer Polypyrrole‐Sorghum Straw Evaporator for Efficient Solar Steam Generation and Desalination
Authors: Li Yongchao , Xu Linqiong , Cai Jiayuan , Liu Jinhua , Lv Bizhi , Chao Jiabao , Zhang Qiaohong , Zhao Yongqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSolar desalination is one of the most promising technologies for alleviating the shortage of fresh water. In recent years, interfacial solar evaporators have attracted much attention due to their higher energy efficiency compared to traditional technologies that directly heat bulk water. However, its development has been hampered by the complex preparation process, high costs, and low evaporation performance. Here, a bilayer biomass solar interfacial evaporator—polypyrrole‐sorghum straw (PPy‐SS) evaporator—by coating PPy on the cross section of natural SS is developed via a facile in situ polymerization method at room temperature. The upper PPy layer can achieve a light absorption of about 96% in the range of 200–2500 nm and convert light energy into heat to evaporate water; the lower SS layer can provide continuous water supply to the PPy layer and localize the heat onto the PPy layer. The PPy‐SS evaporator achieves an evaporation rate of 1.385 kg m−2 h−1 and a high evaporation efficiency of 81.9% under 1 Sun illumination. Furthermore, PPy‐SS evaporator displays excellent performance in desalination of seawater. Therefore, such PPy‐SS solar evaporator has great potential for application in solar desalination to alleviate the shortage of freshwater resources.
Recycling/Reuse of Current Collectors from Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Benefits and Issues
Authors: Natarajan Subramanian , Akshay Manohar , Aravindan Vanchiappan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAl and Cu foils are the irreplaceable current collectors for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), and have a great impact on the performance. The sustainability and cost of the current collectors are important factors to improve the circular economy of the battery technologies, and it can be achieved by the effective recycling of spent LIBs. Spent LIBs are a valuable resource with potential environmental hazards owing to the presence of a lot of metals and materials, urging the researchers to recycle/reuse via effective technologies. Of critical importance in this field, is current industry/research efforts toward improving cathode materials; however, the crucial problem is the efficient separation of current collectors from the electrode materials. In this line, this perspective offers the different strategies involved in the separation of current collectors from the electrode materials of spent LIBs and suggests future directions for researchers to develop efficient recycling methodologies.
Wood‐Derived, Vertically Aligned, and Densely Interconnected 3D SiC Frameworks for Anisotropically Highly Thermoconductive Polymer Composites
Authors: Zhou Xiaonan , Xu Songsong , Wang Zhongyu , Hao Liucheng , Shi Zhongqi , Zhao Junping , Zhang Qiaogen , Ishizaki Kozo , Wang Bo , Yang Jianfeng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConstruction of a vertically aligned and densely interconnected ordered 3D filler framework in a polymer matrix is a challenge to attain significant thermal conductivity (TC) enhancement efficiency. Fortunately, many biomaterials with unique microstructures can be found in nature. With inspiration from wood, artificial composites can be rationally designed to achieve desired properties. Herein, the authors report a facile and effective approach to fabricate anisotropic polymer composites by biotemplate ceramization technology and subsequent vacuum impregnation of epoxy resin. The hierarchical microstructure of wood is perfectly replicated in the cellular biomass derived SiC (bioSiC) framework by carbothermal reduction. Owing to the anisotropic architecture of bioSiC, the epoxy composite with vertically aligned dense SiC microchannels shows interesting properties, including a high TC (10.27 W m−1K−1), a significant enhancement efficiency (259 per 1 vol% loading), an outstanding anisotropic TC ratio (5.77), an extremely low coefficient of linear thermal expansion (12.23 ppm K−1), a high flexural strength (222 MPa), and an excellent flame resistance. These results demonstrate that this approach is expected to open a new avenue for design and preparation of high performance thermal management materials to address the heat dissipation of modern electronics.
Biomarkers and Detection Platforms for Human Health and Performance Monitoring: A Review
Authors: Sim Daniel , Brothers Michael C. , Slocik Joseph M. , Islam Ahmad E. , Maruyama Benji , Grigsby Claude C. , Naik Rajesh R. , Kim Steve S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractHuman health and performance monitoring (HHPM) is imperative to provide information necessary for protecting, sustaining, evaluating, and improving personnel in various occupational sectors, such as industry, academy, sports, recreation, and military. While various commercially wearable sensors are on the market with their capability of “quantitative assessments” on human health, physical, and psychological states, their sensing is mostly based on physical traits, and thus lacks precision in HHPM. Minimally or noninvasive biomarkers detectable from the human body, such as body fluid (e.g., sweat, tear, urine, and interstitial fluid), exhaled breath, and skin surface, can provide abundant additional information to the HHPM. Detecting these biomarkers with novel or existing sensor technologies is emerging as critical human monitoring research. This review provides a broad perspective on the state of the art biosensor technologies for HHPM, including the list of biomarkers and their physiochemical/physical characteristics, fundamental sensing principles, and high‐performance sensing transducers. Further, this paper expands to the additional scope on the key technical challenges in applying the current HHPM system to the real field.
Integrating self‐assessment into feedback for emergency medicine residents
Authors: Thomas Jenna , Sandefur Benjamin , Colletti James , Mullan Aidan , Homme James 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn 2013 the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) introduced “Milestones” designed to nationally standardize the assessment of resident physicians. Previous studies compare resident self‐assessment on milestones to faculty assessment, with varying degrees of agreement, but integration of self‐assessment into the formative feedback process has not yet been directly studied. This study uses a conceptual framework of self‐determination theory, integrated with concepts from adult learning theory, to compare the perception of the feedback quality given in semiannual reviews before and after the incorporation of resident self‐assessment into the feedback process.MethodsThis was an interventional study conducted in a single emergency medicine residency program at a major academic hospital over 1 calendar year. Residents first engaged in a semiannual review without self‐assessment. At subsequent semiannual reviews, residents completed a Milestone‐based self‐assessment that was provided to the faculty member assigned to conduct their semiannual review. Residents and faculty completed surveys rating perception of feedback quality. Two‐sided Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used in comparison analysis.ResultsOne resident did not self‐assess prior to the semiannual review and was excluded leaving 25 paired surveys for analysis. Residents found feedback after the self‐assessment more actionable (p = 0.013), insightful (p = 0.010), and better overall (p = 0.025). Similarly, faculty felt the feedback they provided was more actionable (p < 0.001), more insightful (p < 0.001), and better communicated (p < 0.001); led to improved resident understanding of milestones (p < 0.001); and were overall more satisfied (p < 0.001). Free‐text comments explore pre‐ and postintervention perceptions of feedback.ConclusionsIntegration of self‐assessment into semiannual reviews improves perception of feedback given to residents as perceived by both residents and faculty. Although limited by sample size, the results are promising for a simple, evidence‐based intervention to improve feedback during an existing mandated feedback opportunity.
The place of Franz Kallmann's 1938 “the genetics of schizophrenia” in the history of psychiatric genetics
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Klee Astrid 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis essay provides the historical context and key findings of one of the largest fieldwork‐based family studies ever done in the history of psychiatric genetics conducted in Berlin by Franz Kallmann from 1929 to 1933. It included over 1,000 schizophrenic probands and 12,500 of their relatives including siblings, offspring, nieces/nephews and grandchildren. The work was analyzed in close collaboration with Rüdin, Schulz, and Luxenburger in Munich. Born of Jewish parents, Kallmann had to leave Germany in 1936, completing and publishing the monograph in the United States in 1938. This study included a number of methodologic advances over the classic 1916 sibling study of Rüdin: (a) joint analysis of multiple classes of relatives; (b) subdivision of schizophrenia into four subtypes; (c) a focus on schizoid personality [schizoidia]; (d) examination of the familial aggregation of schizophrenia; and (e) a more complex genetic model—with schizophrenia arising from a single‐recessive gene with 70% penetrance and background polygenic influences, and schizoidia from heterozygotes. Kallmann found important differences in risk of relatives in nuclear versus peripheral subtypes and concluded that schizoidia was a part of schizophrenia disease complex while other psychopathies, feeblemindedness, and organic brain disorders were not. Kallmann was strongly invested in the eugenic implications of his results.
Synthesis, structural elucidation, and density functional theory investigation of new mononuclear Fe(III), Ni(II), and Cu(II) mixed‐ligand complexes: Biological and catalase mimicking activity exploration
Authors: Abdou Aly , Abdel‐Mawgoud Abdel‐Mawgoud M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe present paper deals with synthesis new mononuclear 1:1:1 metal:ligand:co‐ligand complexes, FeLG, NiLG, and CuLG, where L = 1‐{(E)‐[(4‐methylphenyl)imino]methyl}‐2‐naphthol and G = Glycine. The synthesized complexes were characterized based on elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), mass spectra, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, and thermal analysis (TGA) in addition to stoichiometry determination via molar ratio method. The isolated metal complexes showed interesting geometry variation as tetrahedral for CuLG and octahedral for both FeLG and NiLG. The molecular structures of the titled compounds were optimized theoretically using density functional theory (DFT) approach, and the quantum chemical descriptors were calculated. The disk diffusion method was used to investigate the growth inhibition of the titled compounds aganist selected pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. The metal complexes exhibited higher enhancement as antimicrobial candidates with lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) than the free ligands, and in some cases, the complexes were closed to the standard species. Molecular docking investigation was carried out to ascertain the inhibitory action of the studied compounds against 1HNJ protein, the target enzyme for the antimicrobial agents. The results indicated that the FeLG has the highest binding affinity in comparison with other compounds. Thus, these molecules could be promising antimicrobial candidates. Furthermore, catalase mimicking activity of the complexes has been investigated. The data revealed that CuLG complex catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide most effectively. Finally, the quantum chemical parameters of the titled complexes and other different compounds were correlated with their practical biological activity data in a trial to build a SAR model.
Solid acrylonitrile‐based copolymer electrolytes and their potential application in solid state battery
Authors: Pham Quoc‐Thai , Jheng Yu‐Huan , Tsai Dah‐Shyang , Lai Juin‐Yih , Hu Chien‐Chieh , Chern Chorng‐Shyan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractTwo solid acrylonitrile‐based polymer electrolytes (SPE1‐21 and SPE2‐31) were investigated. SPE1‐21 comprises the acrylonitrile/2‐ethylhexyl acrylate copolymer and 33 wt% lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). In contrast, SPE2‐31 comprises the AN/vinyl acetate (VAC) copolymer and 25 wt% LiTFSI. SPEP1‐21 shows inferior ionic conductivity and transference number to SPE2‐31. However, SPE1‐21 has higher oxidation potential and better interfacial stability against Li metal than SPE2‐31. These SPEs were used as the separator in solid‐state batteries with LiFePO4 as the cathode and Li foil as the anode. For SPE1‐21 cell, the charge/discharge cycling remained relatively stable up to 223rd cycle, at which point the coulombic efficiency (CE) drops to 95.0% and the corresponding capacity retention is 98.1%. On the other hand, SPE2‐31 cell exhibited very poor cycling performance; the CE rapidly dropped to 55.5% at 10th cycle. This indicates that undesired side reaction occurs during the cycling process, which is attributed to the oxidation reaction of acetate group of the VAC unit in the AN‐VAC copolymer.
Prevalence and severity of sublethal injuries in crown‐of‐thorns starfish relative to marine reserves in the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Caballes Ciemon F. , Messmer Vanessa , Raymundo Maia L. , Pratchett Morgan S. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Spatial and temporal stochasticity in the abundance and population dynamics of crown‐of‐thorns starfish (COTS; Acanthaster spp.) highlight the critical need for improved knowledge of demographic variability within and among populations.
This study compared the prevalence (proportion of individuals) and severity (extent of damage) of injuries in adult COTS between contrasting fisheries management zones in Australia's Great Barrier Reef, explicitly testing whether injuries are more prevalent or severe on reefs where fishing is not permitted.
Prevalence of sublethal injuries was significantly higher for COTS collected from reefs within Marine National Park Zones, where fishing is effectively prohibited, versus Conservation Park Zones or Habitat Protection Zones, where fishing is permitted, but regulated. This finding is consistent with the notion that predation rates on COTS are higher within reef habitats where fishing is prohibited, presumably due to the bigger size or higher abundance of predatory fishes.
Severity was predominantly low among the injured starfish and there was no significant difference between management zones. Nevertheless, there was a higher frequency of individuals with between one and three injured arms in no‐take reefs compared to those from reefs that were open to fishing.
Prevalence and severity of sublethal injuries was higher in medium‐sized COTS (11–30 cm diameter) compared to larger COTS (>30 cm diameter).
This study adds to existing evidence that established networks of marine reserves can have benefits beyond conservation and fisheries management, including potential reductions in the likelihood of devastating population irruptions of COTS and mitigation of further coral loss.
Social control and solidarity during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The direct and indirect effects of causal attribution of insufficient compliance through perceived anomie
Authors: Roblain Antoine , Gale Jessica , Abboud Soha , Arnal Camila , Bornand Thierry , Hanioti Mado , Klein Olivier , Klein Pit P. L. E. , Lastrego Simona , Licata Laurent , Mora Youri L. , Nera Kenzo , Van der Linden Nicolas , Van Oost Pascaline , Toma Claudia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is a crisis which called for two crucial modes of social regulation: social control and social solidarity. In the present pre‐registered study, we examine how the perceived non‐compliance with health measures relates to attitudes towards these modes of social regulation, as well as to the role played by the perception of disintegrated and disregulated society (anomie). Using data from an online cross‐sectional survey conducted in Belgium in April 2020 (N = 717), results show that the causal attribution of the crisis to insufficient compliance was differentially associated with support for social control and social solidarity behaviours. Specifically, greater attribution to insufficient compliance was associated with a perceived breakdown in the social fabric (disintegration), which explained stronger support for social control and fewer solidarity‐based actions. Perceived disregulation, conversely, was associated with less support for social control and more support for social solidarity. Therefore, the perception of the pandemic and associated perceived anomie tend to polarize citizens' attitudes towards these two modes of social regulation. In this way, prosocial behaviours might be inhibited by communications that attribute the pandemic's causes to incivility. Other implications of our findings for the social psychological literature on communities' reactions to the pandemic are discussed. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Modification, Production, and Methods of KOH‐Activated Carbon
Authors: Williams Ndifreke Etuk , Oba Oluwasuyi Ayobami , Aydinlik Nur Pasaoglulari 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis review covers research on the use of potassium hydroxide (KOH) to produce and modify activated carbon. The methods employed for activation by considering the activation process, carbonization, temperature, activation time, and KOH ratio to material are described and how the surface area, surface morphology, and functional groups are affected by the KOH ratio. Characterization techniques and preparation conditions are summarized. The activated carbon pore structure mainly depends on the burn‐off size and the time for activation is linked to the overall activation reaction rate. The increase in surface area and pore size depends on the ratio of KOH, showing that KOH affects the surface chemistry of the activated carbon. The sorbent‐sorbate interactions are strongly influenced by different parameters, which were also calculated in this review and used to evaluate such interactions.
Real‐world evidence for subcutaneous infliximab (CT‐P13 SC) treatment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic: A case series
Authors: Vijayan Sooraj , Hwangbo Kyungmin , Barkham Nick 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic emphasized the utility of subcutaneous (SC) biologics for pressured healthcare systems. The first SC form of infliximab, CT‐P13 SC, provided safe and effective treatment for ankylosing spondylitis in our case series, with increased convenience relative to intravenous treatment benefitting patients both during the pandemic and beyond.
Gas‐Liquid Flow Patterns in a Rectangular Milli‐Structured Channel with Static Mixing Elements
Authors: Denker Jan-Niklas , Herbstritt Frank , Heck Joachim , Grünewald Marcus , Biessey Philip 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe gas‐liquid flow behavior through a milli‐scaled channel provided with a staggered herringbone‐like static mixer was investigated using high‐speed recordings. For three different substance systems consisting of water, 5 wt % acetic acid in aqueous solution, and propylene glycol as liquid phase and nitrogen as gas phase, flow patterns and their transitions were determined by analyzing image sequences of the flow and summarized in flow pattern maps. Surge flow, slug flow, and bubbly flow were observed at different flow rates. The flow distribution and transitions between flow patterns mainly depend on the viscosity and surface tension of the liquid phase. By just reducing the surface tension, slug flow is not observed, and thus an early transition into a bubbly flow regime takes place. An increase in viscosity counteracts this effect.
Solvent‐dependent helix inversion in optically active poly(diphenylacetylene)s and their chiral recognition abilities as chiral stationary phases for high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Hirose Daisuke , Nozaki Mai , Maruta Miyuki , Maeda Katsuhiro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe report the first example of solvent‐dependent helix inversion in poly(diphenylacetylene) (PDPA) derivatives. Asymmetrically substituted PDPAs bearing optically active substituents linked through amide bonds formed preferred‐handed helical conformations because of the optically active substituents in the pendants, whose helix‐senses were inverted upon thermal annealing in polar solvents such as N,N‐dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide and in nonpolar solvents such as tetrachloroethane. Unlike the solvent‐dependent helix inversion reported for other dynamic helical polymers, the macromolecular helicity induced in the polymer backbone of these PDPAs upon thermal annealing was stably maintained at room temperature, independent of the solvent polarity. These diastereomeric PDPAs with opposite helix‐senses generated almost mirror‐imaged left‐ and right‐handed circularly polarized light in the same solvent at room temperature. Taking advantage of this unique solvent‐dependent helix inversion property, the diastereomeric PDPAs with opposite helix‐senses were coated on macroporous silica gel and applied to chiral stationary phases for high‐performance liquid chromatography. Despite having the same optically active substituents on the pendant phenyl rings, they showed completely different chiral recognition abilities toward many racemates depending on the helix‐sense of the polymer backbone, and the elution order of the enantiomers was reversed for some racemates. The combination of the helix‐sense of the polymer backbone and the chirality of the pendants, which afforded a higher chiral recognition ability, differed depending on the racemates.