bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of substituting soybean meal with corn on immune function and gene expression of gut TLR4 pathway of growing goats
Authors: Cheng Yan , Yang Chao , Chen Wenxun , Yan Qiongxian , Tan Zhiliang , He Zhixiong 
Published: February 2022

Background
Protein malnutrition remains a severe problem in ruminant production and can increase susceptibility to infection, especially during the growth stage. This study aimed to explore substituting soybean meal with corn on activation of the TLR pathway and potential impact on immune response bias towards Type 1 or Type 2 using growing female goats as experimental animals.

Methods
Twenty-four Xiangdong black goats (initial BW = 19.83 ± 0.53 kg, about 8 ± 0.3 months old) were selected and randomly divided into the corn-soybean meal basal diet group (CON, 10.77% protein) and replacing soybean meal with 100% of corn group (CRS, 5.52% protein). EDTA whole blood and serum samples were collected prior to slaughter for determinations of blood cell counts, anti-inflammatory cytokines and antibodies. The duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon tissues were collected after formal trial to study the effect of CRS diet on the expression of TLR4 pathway.

Results
Our results showed CRS diet did not induce a significant change in immune function, as evidenced by the observations that white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (Neu), lymphocyte (Lym), monocyte (Mon), eosinophil (Eos), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-13, immunoglobin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM levels in serum were similar between the two groups. RT-PCR results showed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P < 0.01) and interferon-β (IFN-β) (P < 0.01) were up-regulated in the colon of goats in the CRS group. No differences in the expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) adaptor-like protein (TIRAP), IL-1 receptor–associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), TNF receptor related factor 6 (TRAF6), NF-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) or activator protein-1 (AP-1) in the TLR4/MyD88 dependent pathway were observed between the two groups for any of the tested tissue. However, the expression of NF-κB activator (TANK) binding kinase 1 (TBK1) in TLR4/MyD88 independent pathway was up-regulated in the duodenum and colon (P < 0.01), and the expression of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF3) was up-regulated (P < 0.01) in colon.

Conclusions
Our results suggested that the CRS diet failed to induce a significant change in innate immunity and adaptive immunity in growing goats. However, the up-regulated TBK1 and IRF3 in the colon from the CRS goats suggests that the CRS diet may induce the expression of Th1-type proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory response through a TLR4-MyD88-independent pathway, and the colon may be the easiest targeted section in the intestinal tract.
An Evaluation of Physical and Psychological Changes in School Children during Online Education - A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sujitha S. , Sridevi G. 
Published: February 2022

Background: Covid -19 is a great pandemic that keeps people indoors. This has increased the levels of perceived stress among not only adults but also young children. Children are much exposed to online education that keeps them in front of a computer or mobile phone exposing them to virtual education. This causes them to get stressed very easily.
Objective: To evaluate the physical and psychological changes in school children during online education.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of a sample consisting of 100 school children undergoing online education through their schools was conducted. The participants were administered with a self developed questionnaire consisting of 17 questions. The responses were collected using google forms. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and chi square test was used to analyse the data.
Results: The study reported that school children were stressed during online education. Crosstab evaluation was done for the questionnaire. It reported that the majority of the female children said that they feel good about online education and are able to manage the stress.
Conclusions: This study concluded an innovative finding that there is a gradual increase in the level of stress from moderate high among school students after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Comparative Assessment of Post-Operative Sequelae Following Surgical Removal of Mandibular Third Molar with and Without Extra-Oral Application of Kinesiologic Tape
Authors: Patil Sneha , Rajanikanth K. 
Published: February 2022

Background: The transalveolar extraction of impacted mandibular third molars creates a huge level of injury to the delicate tissues of the oral cavity, which can initiate significant inflammatory reaction. Amongst some postoperative sequelae of third molar surgeries- pain, trismus and facial oedema are the most common. Treating with taping therapy has shown acceptable outcomes in reducing pain and in managing post-operative muscle spasm.
Objectives: The motive behind this research is to compare post-operative pain, swelling and trismus following third molar surgery in both test and control groups.
Methodology: The research will be a prospective randomized control split-mouth non-blinded clinical study model to assess the impact of the Kinesiology Tape (KT) on post-operative sequalae following removal of mandibular third molar surgically. With the cumulative 15 patients to be allocated for operating bilaterally involved impacted mandibular third molar. The study will be done under two groups, Group A – Test group (KT) one side of patient’s face, subjected to beige tape application. Group B – Control group (No KT) other side of patient’s face, will be the controlled group without application of KT. Each patient will undergo 2 operative surgeries at 2 week-interval conducted by the same surgeon. Immediately after extraction extra-oral application of KT will be done for test group.
Expected Results: The use of kinesiologic tape will be effective in improvement of post-operative discomfort of the patient in the conditions of reduction of swelling, pain and trismus.
Conclusion: As kinesiologic taping originates from sports medicine, currently there are very limited evidence- based scientific studies for KT application for treatment of post-operative edema in head and neck surgeries. This study will help to evaluate the use of KT enabling patients to have a restful time after operation leading them to get a better quality of life.
Study of Clinical Profile and Comparison of Various Dimensions of Chronic Otitis Media among the Adult and Paediatric Population from Rural Area
Authors: Vijayappan Aishwarya , Deshmukh P. T. 
Published: February 2022

Background: The term Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is characterized as "chronic middle ear and mastoid cavity infection, which occurs through tympanic membrane perforation with recurrent ear discharge or otorrhoea . Though there are many similarities between adult and pediatric CSOM in terms of disease progression and pathological changes, there are certain notable differences stemming from temporal bone anatomy and extent of pneumatization, the immaturity of Eustachian Tube in terms of its function and variable progression of disease. Pediatric temporal bone being more pneumatized makes the disease to spread more extensively. Childhood cholesteatoma has much greater rates of residual and recurrence disease than seen in adults. This study is aimed to compare various dimensions of CSOM among the paediatric and adult age group in rural population.
Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study is scheduled from November 2020 to November 2023 in ENT Department of AVBRH, Wardha. Total 50 patients with chronic Otitis Media in the paediatric and adult age group will be enrolled. Baseline investigations will be performed for all patients and compared.
Expected Results: Clinical profile and behavior of chronic otitis media in adult and paediatric population in rural areas will be outlined, emphasizing middle ear changes, grade and extent of retraction pockets and cholesteatoma respectively. Pneumatization of the temporal bone and audiological status will be reported.
Conclusion: Differentiating characteristics of chronic otitis media in adult and paediatric population with specified features will be concluded.
A Study Protocol for Analysis of the Optimum Utilization of Operation Theater in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India
Authors: Dhakte Jeetendriya P. , Jain Ahmindra , Gudhe Vandana 
Published: February 2022

Background: A well-structured and fully functional operation theatre is essential for any tertiary care hospital. It’s quite challenging to meet the needs of healthcare services in constantly changing environment and administration issues. The 11th hour cancellation of planned operations is quite traumatic and depressing for the patient. Cancelation of elective surgical operations often induces considerable mental distress to patient populations, their families, and the population in general. It has a significant effect on healthcare services due to excessive hospital stays and increased health services entrainment. Elective procedure cancellations often result from inadequate use of staff and medical services. This study aims to determine the frequency, reasons, and history of cancellation of elective surgery in AVBR Hospital, Wardha.
Methodology: This will be an observational study to assess the utilization of Operation Theatre in AVBR hospital, Wardha. The secondary data will be obtained from the Operation Theatre Records. Statistics of number of surgeries and Surgery time taken will be recorded. Data on reasons for cancellations will be obtained and necessary information will be obtained from the OT Staff through structured questionnaires and interviews. Data will be analyzed with appropriate statistical tests.
Expected Result: Data on reasons for the cancellation of planned surgeries.
Conclusion: Appropriate planning and availability of required material and manpower resources is essential for appropriate management of Operation Theatres and avoid wastage of man-hours.
A Study Protocol on Assessment of ECG and Echocardiography Changes in Stroke Patients
Authors: Nagdev Govind Mukesh , Gawande Vasant 
Published: February 2022

Background: Ischemic stroke is accountable for about 80% of the first episode of cerebrovascular accidents. Cerebrovascular accident due to intracerebral hemorrhage is described as an abrupt onset of clinical signs of central nervous system dysfunction resulting from focal collection of blood inside the ventricular system or brain parenchyma, which is not caused by trauma. Stroke is reported as the most common cause of mortality in developed countries after cardiovascular problems. In cerebrovascular accidents, ECG changes like ST-T changes, QT prolongation, abnormal U waves etc have been reported. Also 2D echocardiographic changes have been reported in stroke patients. This study aims to assess different changes in electrocardiograph and 2D echo patterns cerebrovascular accident cases and their prognostic importance.
Objectives: To study variations in Electrocardiogram and 2D Echo in stroke patients in stroke patients and to rule out end organ insufficiency of vital organs.
Methodology: This will be a Prospective Cross-Sectional study. About 200 patients of Cerebrovascular accidents reporting to Dept of Emergency Medicine at AVBRH will be included in this study. All patients will undergo 12-lead electrocardiography, at the time of arrival to the hospital. CT scan/MRI will be performed within half an hour of reporting to Emergency Department. After management of stroke, 2D ECHO will be performed. Data of all patients will be analysed with appropriate statistical packages.
Expected outcome: A Significant correlation is expected between ECG changes and stroke.
A Study of Clinical Profile and Management of Allergic Conjunctivitis in Rural Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Srilekha Berelli , Lohiya Sohan 
Published: February 2022

Background: Among the allergic diseases witnessed over the last few decades, ocular allergy is one of the most common conditions. Many factors like pets, dust, pollen, grain exposure, air pollution play a role in allergies. Ocular allergy impairs the daily routine activities, and if left undertreated, it may progress to atopic keratoconjunctivitis, resulting in vision impairment. This study aimed to observe an association of dry eye in allergic conjunctivitis and management of allergic conjunctivitis cases reporting in tertiary health care Centre.
Materials and Methods: This will be a cross sectional observational research conducted at AVBRH, Wardha. Baseline data of 85 enrolled patients will be collected after obtaining their informed written consent and all procedures will be explained to patients. Patients included in study will undergo Comprehensive ophthalmic examination, slit lamp examination, fundoscopy, tear break up time and Schirmer’s test with topical anaesthesia. Follow-up of all patients will be done at 1, 3, 6, and 8 weeks. Data on medical history, allergies, and lifestyle factors will be collected using a pretested standard questionnaire.
Expected Results: Estimation of correlation between dry eye in allergic conjunctivitis and efficacy of different standard drugs in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
Physiotherapy Rehabilitation in Idiopathic Chronic Osteomyelitis: A Case Report
Authors: Burile Ghanishtha , Jawade Swapna , Chitale Neha 
Published: February 2022

Osteomyelitis is an infection-related inflammation of the bones and bone marrow. Generally in the legs, arms, spine. Foot and ankle osteomyelitis can be excruciatingly painful for patients and a difficult management challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Acute staphylococcal osteomyelitis had a 50% death rate in the pre-antibiotic era. Osteomyelitis of the foot and ankle can occur due to a variety of reasons, with diabetic foot infections being one of the most common. Osteomyelitis is a bone marrow inflammation which progression, involving the cortical plates and frequently periosteal tissues, along with the majority of cases occurring after bone trauma or surgery, or as a result of vascular insufficiency. Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis is an autoinflammatory disease that primarily affects children and adolescents and is characterized by recurrent or persistent osteitic foci. The symptom is bone pain, which may or may not be accompanied by soft tissue tenderness. Chronic osteomyelitis is related with avascular necrosis of bone along with the establishment or formation of sequestrum (dead bone), and surgical debridement, in addition to antibiotic therapy, is required for cure. Physiotherapy has effect in improving the quality of life of the patient with osteomyelitis.
Dreadful Impact of COVID-19 in Pregnant Women and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Bartalwar Aditi , Vagha Sunita , Divya K. 
Published: February 2022

It has been observed that the effect of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has a major effect during pregnancy period and neonatal outcomes. Pregnancy is the process which involves series of changes in woman’s organ and tissues. It is the most sensitive and crucial phase of woman’s life which results in a birth of baby. There can be a possibility that an infant (new-born) may also get affected by the infectious viruses. So, it's mandatory to take proper measures, in case felt suspected to any of the symptoms During this phase, woman is prone to many infections and diseases respectively. Even the baby born are vulnerable to many dangerous diseases. Pregnant woman and baby both are highly vulnerable to novel corona virus disease. Studies done so far have confirmed that Isolation and uncertainty imposed by pandemic lead to an increase in depression and anxiety coupled with emotional eating which intensified the gestational weight gain. Many options of treatment have been ruled out for COVID-19, some of them has shown good results, these are shortening the duration of hospital stays, but still there is no complete treatment for the same. As per different guidelines, an advisory is made on carrying skin contact and breastfeeding, in case the mother is COVID-19 positive then she should carry out proper precautions such as hand hygiene and ideally must wear mask while feeding where there will be no requirement of neonatal care unit.
This article analyses about several harmful impacts of COVID on pregnant ladies, new-borns. Various precautions, treatments to be done to treat the infected ones.
Pathogenesis of Candida Auris: A Threat Emerging during Corona Pandemic
Authors: Jha Aditi , Mudey Gargi 
Published: February 2022

The genus Candida consists of several species, including the Auris species, a pathogen that quickly colonizes and spreads on hospital surfaces and causes invasive fungal infections even after regular disinfection. It is very potent as it is resistant to several antifungals like the Echinocandins and azoles, commonly used to treat invasive fungal infections. Due to this, there is a global threat to public health.

Auris could also spread as a Nosocomial infection through contaminated arm-pit thermometers that will increase the spread and dissemination of C. Auris, to seek protection against which, these multi use devices used on several patients should be cleaned carefully.

In patients hospitalized with COVID-19, systemic fungal co-infections have been very common, which may increase the severity of the disease and be detrimental to the treatment process, and may also prove fatal.
COVID-19 infection suppresses the patients' immunity. The attenuated CD80 upregulation of monocytes can explain and abolish the release of IL6, TNF, IL1a, and IL1b against Candida species making the patient more susceptible to secondary co-infections.
The similarity between Covid and Candidiasis is that both emerge suddenly and spread astonishingly quickly, which cannot be easily comprehended by the traditional epidemiological analysis.
The dry biofilms formed in C. Auris protect the microbe from complete removal due to robust cleaning. It was also found that C. Auris particles were obtained from patients with chronic respiratory disease using genome sequencing and multilocus microsatellite genotyping.
In the timeline of April to July 2020, two-thirds of the COVID cases affected by candidemia admitted in the Intensive Care Unit in New Delhi were due to C. Auris, and the mortality rate was around 60%.
Comparative Analysis of Anti Gout Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Alternanthera sessilis and Moringa oleifera
Authors: Jain Khushi , Kavitha S. , Gayathri R. , Vishnupriya V. , Selvaraj J. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Ethanolic extracts of Alternanthera sessilis and Moringa oleifera were screened for the presence of different classes of phytochemicals. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of amino acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, sapponents and steroids.Gout is the type of arthritis that causes painful inflammation and develops due to overproduction of urate.
Aim: To analyse the anti gout activities of ethanolic extract of Alternanthera sessilis and moringa oleifera.
Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of Alternanthera sessilis and Moringa oleifera were prepared as per the standard methods and used for the assessment of preliminary phytochemical screening, antioxidants and anti gout activities. The data were analyzed statistically by a one-way analysis of (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s multiple range test was used to see the statistical significance among the group. The results with the p< 0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.
Results: Antioxidant and Anti gout potential of the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera was found to be significantly more than the ethanolic extract of Alternanthera sessilis.
Conclusion: Both the ethanolic extracts exhibited anti gout activity, further studies are needed to validate the herbal extracts as a drug formulation.
Adult Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis- A Diagnostic Challenge for Surgeons
Authors: Pranay K. , Anantharamakrishnan R. , Kumar K. Senthil , Varadaraju P. 
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: AIHPS (adult idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis) is an uncommon but clear cut condition in adults, with only 200-300 case reports are recorded in the articlesso far, now A case report of AIHPS treated in our hospital is discussed, as well as a review of the literature.
Methods and Results: The patient had upper abdominal discomfort that started suddenly and was accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. The pylorus showed a distinct "cervix sign" during an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). He next had a partial distal gastrectomy with a Billroth II gastrojejunostomy, which resulted in significant alleviation in his symptoms.
Conclusion: Adult idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (AIHPS) is an uncommon condition as it were underreported owing to diagnostic difficulties. After food nausea, vomiting, early satiety, and epigastric discomfort are the most prevalent symptoms of AIHPS, as shown in our case.Endoscopy impression reveals a distinct sign characterised by a fixed, constricted pylorus with a smooth border also known as cervix sign which is in diagnostic favour for AIHPS. Endoscopic dilatation, pyloromyotomy with forethought pyloroplasty, and gastrectomy with a BillrothII gastrojejunostomy have all been recommended as therapies for AIHPS. There is currently no proof that one surgical method is better than another. Before one approach can be established as the standard of care, more study on AIHPS is required.
Farmers’ Exposure to Pesticides –A Review
Authors: Chawda Dishita , Ninave Sudhir 
Published: February 2022

When applying synthetic pesticides to crops, it is essential to use them sparingly to avoid complete crop damage. Many studies have found that the use of pesticides by farmers is associated with higher levels of pesticide exposure than that experienced by the general population. Whenever pesticides are sprayed on crops, the primary targets of the poisons are the farmers who are sprayed. On the other hand, farmers may come into touch with pesticides that are not directly relevant to their field of work. According to the American Chemical Society, handling pesticides or coming into close contact with chemical residues can be particularly hazardous for persons exposed to these chemicals on a regular basis. The possibility of making an inaccurate judgment call while dealing with this type of contact exists. A wide variety of routes, including the lungs and skin, regularly introduce pesticides into the body. Regular pesticide handling exposes the face and hands to a high level of pesticide exposure, which is why it is vital to wear protective equipment when handling pesticides. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, farmers can decrease their exposure to pesticides by wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) during all steps of the pesticide handling process. Using personal protective equipment (PPE) can assist farmers in reducing their pesticide consumption (PPE).
Drift, agricultural labor, and direct spray contact, to mention a few terms, are used to characterize the scenario in this context.