bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic correlates of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Li Kang , Liu Jun , Wu Lin , Xiao Yajie , Li Jia , Du Haijian , Zhao Zhikun , Sun Chao , Zhao Yongtian , Yang Jie , Wu Dongfang , Zhao Zhuxiang , Chen Bolin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Although PD-L1 expression is a crucial predictive biomarker for immunotherapy, it can be influenced by many factors.

Methods
A total of 248 Chinese patients with lung adenocarcinoma was retrospectively identified. Data for clinical features, gene alternations, signaling pathways and immune signatures was analyzed among negative expression group (TPS < 1%, n = 124), intermediate expression group (1% ≤ TPS < 50%, n = 93), and high expression group (TPS ≥ 50%, n = 38). Clinical outcomes among different expression groups were also evaluated from public database.

Results
Firstly, high tumor mutation burden was significantly associated with high PD-L1 expression in these Chinese patients with lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, gene alternations including TP53, PRKDC, KMT2D, TET1 and SETD2 apparently occurred in high PD-L1 expression group. Moreover, pathway analysis showed that mutations involving in DDR pathway, TP53 pathway, cell-cycle pathway and NOTCH pathway were obviously varied among three PD-L1 expression groups. Besides, most of patients in high PD-L1 expression group from TCGA database were determined as high-grade immune subtypes (C2-C4), showing significant higher proportions of IFN-gamma, CD8+ T-cells, NK cells, NK CD56 dim cells, Th1 cells, Th2 cells (P < 0.0001). Moreover, SETD2 mutation slightly correlated with overall survival from MSKCC cohort (HR 1.92 [95%CI 0.90–4.10], P = 0.085), and the percentage of IFN-gamma was significantly higher in SETD2 mutant group than in wild-type group (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
This study illustrated in-depth genomic correlates of PD-L1 expression in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma patients and relevant immune signatures from public database, which might interpret more potential molecular mechanisms for immunotherapy in NSCLC.
Clinical significance of FBXW7 loss of function in human cancers
Authors: Fan Jingyi , Bellon Marcia , Ju Mingyi , Zhao Lin , Wei Minjie , Fu Liwu , Nicot Christophe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFBXW7 (F-Box and WD Repeat Domain Containing 7) (also referred to as FBW7 or hCDC4) is a component of the Skp1-Cdc53 / Cullin-F-box-protein complex (SCF/β-TrCP). As a member of the F-box protein family, FBXW7 serves a role in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination and proteasome degradation of oncoproteins that play critical role(s) in oncogenesis. FBXW7 affects many regulatory functions involved in cell survival, cell proliferation, tumor invasion, DNA damage repair, genomic instability and telomere biology. This thorough review of current literature details how FBXW7 expression and functions are regulated through multiple mechanisms and how that ultimately drives tumorigenesis in a wide array of cell types. The clinical significance of FBXW7 is highlighted by the fact that FBXW7 is frequently inactivated in human lung, colon, and hematopoietic cancers. The loss of FBXW7 can serve as an independent prognostic marker and is significantly correlated with the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents and poorer disease outcomes. Recent evidence shows that genetic mutation of FBXW7 differentially affects the degradation of specific cellular targets resulting in a distinct and specific pattern of activation/inactivation of cell signaling pathways. The clinical significance of FBXW7 mutations in the context of tumor development, progression, and resistance to therapies as well as opportunities for targeted therapies is discussed.
Intramammary antimicrobial sales in Ireland: a 2020 descriptive update
Authors: McAloon Catherine I. , McCoy Finola , More Simon J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntramammary (IM) antimicrobial sales data are currently the only feasible means to gain broad insights into on-farm usage of antimicrobials (AMs) relevant to mastitis control within the Irish dairy industry. The aim of this study was to update earlier work describing sales data of intramammary antimicrobial usage in the Irish dairy industry in 2020. Previously reported data from 2013 to 2019 is included for reference and 2020 sales data is reported using similar methodology to previously published work in this area. Data on IM AMs sold in Ireland during 2013-2020 were obtained from two sources, believed to represent 99% of all sales of IM AMs in Ireland, and analyses were undertaken to evaluate patterns in IM AM sales. We report an increase in overall sales of both lactating cow (LC) and dry cow (DC) IM AMs. We observed a large increase in the use of DC IM AMs, from 0.95 to 1.13 defined course dose (DCDvet) per cow per year in 2019 and 2020 respectively, as well as evidence of ongoing usage of highest priority critically important AMs, as defined by the World Health Organization. There was also a slight increase in LC use of IM AMs, from 0.43 to 0.44 defined course dose (DCDvet) per cow per year. We believe that our results provide an accurate reflection of IM sales in Ireland in 2020. In common with any study of this type, caution is needed when interpreting national IM AM sales data, noting the potential discrepancies between AM sales and on-farm usage. Nonetheless, the sales pattern described here, most importantly the increased use of DC products and ongoing and increasing use of HP CIA products in both DC and LC therapy raise significant concerns for the Irish dairy industry. This study provides an evidence base to inform current policy discussions, particularly in the context of the new Veterinary Medicines Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2019/6), which comes into force on 28 January 2022.
Oranges or "Lemons"? Family Farming and Product Quality in the Spanish Orange Industry, 1870–1960
Authors: GARRIDO SAMUEL 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In the early twentieth century California became a big exporter of some agricultural products that, until then, had only been grown on a large scale in the Mediterranean basin. As a result, exports of those products diminished or stagnated in Mediterranean countries, with important repercussions on their economies. The Spanish orange industry, however, continued to expand, despite the fact that a substantial percentage of Spanish oranges came from farms owned by (often illiterate) small peasants who, in comparison to the California growers, used a great deal of labor, small amounts of capital, and little science. This paper shows that Spanish farmers were in fact capable of growing high-quality oranges at prices that were more competitive than those in California, although instead they often preferred to satisfy the strong demand for middling fruit from Great Britain because it was a more profitable business. This, combined with a deficient use of brand names, gave the Spanish citrus industry serious reputation problems by the 1930s, from which, however, it recovered quickly.
"A Starving Belly Doesn’t Listen to Explanations": Agricultural Evangelism in Colonial Zimbabwe, 1900 to 1962
Authors: LEEDY TODD H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Both missionaries and government policymakers in colonial Zimbabwe consciously identified agriculture as an important avenue in establishing broader paradigms of explanation. Missionary promotion of new farming practices inevitably challenged the existing spiritual landscape by insisting that rationalized individual labor could overcome powerful natural forces. This article examines various facets of the American-based Methodist Episcopal Church’s agricultural evangelism in a period of growing state intervention. Despite careful missionary attempts to manage the outcomes, individuals with their own agendas absorbed and transformed these policies. Local farmers utilized imported agricultural knowledge for their own purposes and did not conform to the experiences or expectations of American-trained agricultural missionaries. Within these mission communities, converts successfully blended new forms of worship with existing social priorities and also adapted aspects of imported farming techniques to actively create innovative strategies for negotiating life under colonial rule.
Multiple Meningiomas as a Criterion for the Diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis Type 2 and Other Tumor Predisposition Syndromes
Authors: Hannan Cathal John , Hammerbeck-Ward Charlotte , Pathmanaban Omar Nathan , Smith Miriam J , Rutherford Scott A. , Lloyd Simon K. , Mackenzie Freeman Simon Richard , Wallace Andrew J , King Andrew Thomas , Richard Evans Dafydd Gareth 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND:
Bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VS) are pathognomonic of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), but the diagnostic criteria also include unilateral VS (UVS) in combination with multiple meningiomas (MM) and other schwannomas, as well as MM without VS.

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the diagnostic value of these criteria and establish the presence of other genetic conditions in patients presenting in this manner.

METHODS:
The Manchester International NF2 database was accessed to obtain information on patients presenting with a UVS and MM or ≥2 nonintradermal schwannomas (NIDS). We gathered data on patients diagnosed with NF2 due to MM without VS and on patients presenting with MM without meeting NF2 criteria. Analysis was performed for pathogenic variants (PVs) in NF2, SMARCE1, SMARCB1, and LZTR1.

RESULTS:
A total of 31 of 131 patients presenting with a UVS and MM had a nonrefuted diagnosis of NF2 after molecular studies, in comparison with 85 of 96 patients presenting with UVS and ≥2 NIDS (P ≤ .00001). Fifty percent of patients presenting with a UVS and ≥2 NIDS with NF2 developed bilateral VS, compared with only 26% of those who presented with a UVS and MM (P = .0046). In total, 11 of 152 patients presenting with MM without fulfilling NF2 criteria were found to have a PV in SMARCE1, and 7 of 152 were confirmed to have mosaic NF2.

CONCLUSION:
Patients presenting with UVS and MM are significantly more likely to have a nonrefuted diagnosis of NF2 than patients presenting with UVS and ≥2 NIDS, but significantly less likely to develop bilateral VS. Seven percent of those presenting with MM without meeting NF2 criteria had PV in SMARCE1, and 5% had mosaic NF2.
Photo-promoted Skeletal Rearrangement of o-Anisyldimesitylborane Involving C–H/C–O/C–B Bond Cleavage
Authors: Hirai Kosuke , Homma Yuki , Ito Tatsuyoshi , Iwasawa Nobuharu , Takaya Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Photoreactivity of three-coordinate triarylboranes bearing a neighboring Lewis base moiety was investigated. o-Anisyldimesitylborane underwent skeletal rearrangement under photoirradiation conditions to give (2-benzyl-4,6-dimethylphenyl)mesitylborinic acid after hydrolysis. Experimental studies and theoretical calculations supported that the reaction proceeded via a triplet excited state to form a spiro boracycle intermediate through C–H abstraction and radical coupling. This study disclosed unique difference in photoreactivity of triarylboranes depending on the neighboring Lewis base moiety.
An outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis food poisoning following consumption of chicken shawarma: A brief epidemiological investigation
Authors: Deepanjali Surendran , Jharna Mandal , Chanaveerappa Bammigatti , Sarumathi Dhandapani , Gopichand Pallam , Anupriya Kaliyappan 
Published: March 2022

Background: Shawarma, a popular meat-based fast food could be a source of foodborne outbreak due to non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS). A clustering of acute gastrointestinal (GI) illness following intake of chicken shawarma occurred primarily among the staff and students of a tertiary care hospital in southern India. Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 348 undergraduate medical students (33 cases, 315 controls). Data was collected using direct interviews and a simple online questionnaire. Epidemiological associations of GI illness were evaluated at three levels of exposure namely-eating food from any restaurant, eating food from the implicated food outlet, eating chicken shawarma from the implicated outlet. Results: Of 33 cases, 26 had consumed food from a particular food outlet, 4 from other outlets, and 3 did not report eating out. Consumption of food from the suspected food outlet was significantly associated with GI illness (odds ratio 121.8 [95% CI 28.41 to 522.66]; P<0.001); all the 26 cases who had eaten from the particular outlet had eaten chicken shawarma. By comparison, only one of the 315 controls had eaten this dish. Of the 27 persons (cases as well as controls) who had consumed chicken shawarma from the outlet, 26 were ill. Culture of stool samples from 10 affected individuals and implicated food item yielded Salmonella Enteritidis. Conclusions: Meat-based shawarma is a potential source of NTS infection. Food safety authorities should enforce guidelines for safe preparation and sale of shawarmas and similar products.
Ensemble of multimodal deep learning autoencoder for infant cry and pain detection
Authors: Kristian Yosi , Simogiarto Natanael , Sampurna Mahendra Tri Arif , Hanindito Elizeus 
Published: March 2022

Background: Babies cannot communicate their pain properly. Several pain scores are developed, but they are subjective and have high variability inter-observer agreement. The aim of this study was to construct models that use both facial expression and infant voice in classifying pain levels and cry detection. Methods: The study included a total of 23 infants below 12-months who were treated at Dr Soetomo General Hospital. The the Face Leg Activity Cry and Consolability (FLACC) pain scale and recordings of the baby's cries were taken in the video format. A machine-learning-based system was created to detect infant cries and pain levels. Spectrograms with the Short-Time Fourier Transform were used to convert the audio data into a time-frequency representation. Facial features combined with voice features extracted by using the Deep Learning Autoencoders was used for the classification of infant pain levels. Two types of autoencoders: Convolutional Autoencoder and Variational Autoencoder were used for both faces and voices. Result: The goal of the autoencoder was to produce a latent-vector with much smaller dimensions that was still able to recreate the data with minor losses. From the latent-vectors, a multimodal data representation for Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was used for producing a relatively high F1 score, higher than single data modal such as the voice or facial expressions alone. Two major parts of the experiment were: 1. Building the three autoencoder models, which were autoencoder for the infant’s face, amplitude spectrogram, and dB-scaled spectrogram of infant’s voices. 2. Utilising the latent-vector result from the autoencoders to build the cry detection and pain classification models. Conclusion: In this paper, four pain classifier models with a relatively good F1 score was developed. These models were combined by using ensemble methods to improve performance, which resulted in a better F1 score.
Revelation and Philosophy in the Thought of Eric Voegelin
Authors: Niezgoda Tomasz 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The difference between revelation and natural reason seems to be as obvious as it is indestructible. Despite this conventional view, Eric Voegelin claims that this difference must be “swept aside” and “cleared away” as it obscures the sphere of original meaning and manifestation and posits the divine as an object. According to Voegelin, through recourse to the ancient philosophers Plato and Aristotle, we can discover that there is no natural reason at all but instead: “reason is firmly rooted in revelation.” Obviously, this requires a reinterpretation of revelation. It can neither be equated with the content of the Holy Scripture nor should it be confined to the manifestation of God in Jesus Christ. Rather, claims Voegelin, we ought to think of it as a primordial attraction, a movement drawing into the search for truth and the ground of reality. Such an approach may raise objections and provoke accusations of either subordinating philosophy to theology or misusing the language. As I attempt to show in the article at hand, Voegelin insists on revelation because it designates the original manifestation of the ground, and both faith and philosophical elucidation are two modes of responding to this appearing.
Genossenschaften im neuen Datenzeitalter
Authors: Hafen Ernst , Steiger Dominik , Brauchbar Mathis 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Die digitale Transformation hat weitreichende Folgen für unser Leben und Wirtschaften. In der entstehenden datengetriebenen Ökonomie werden neue Geschäftsmodelle möglich. Möglich wurde diese Transformation dank der überall verfügbaren, miteinander vernetzten Digitalgeräte. Sie hat zum Aufstieg von Plattformlösungen und zur wirtschaftlichen Dominanz von Digitaltechnologiefirmen geführt. Sie bietet Chancen, aber Fragen des Datenschutzes und der informationeilen Selbstbestimmung der Individuen müssen überzeugend gelöst sein. Wie können Unternehmen Daten in ihren Geschäftsmodellen optimal nutzen und dabei gleichzeitig das Vertrauen ihrer Kunden aufrechterhalten? Es gibt etablierte Formen: Datenpartnerschaften, gemeinsame Datenplattformen, digitale Marktplätze. Bezüglich der Vertrauensfrage wird das Umfeld anspruchsvoller und die gesetzlichen Anforderungen höher. Gerade Genossenschaften haben hier besondere Vorteile. Genossenschaftliche Ansätze spielten in der Vergangenheit eine wichtige Rolle in der Verwaltung gemeinsamer Ressourcen. In der digitalen Sphäre erleben genossenschaftliche Ansätze im Umgang mit gemeinsamen digitalen Ressourcen (Digital Commons) eine Renaissance. Genossenschaften sind besonders gut darauf eingestellt, eine Balance zwischen Individuen, Nutzung der Ressourcen und Nutzen für die Gesellschaft herzustellen. Sobald personenbezogene Daten im Spiel sind, werden das Vertrauen der Nutzer, Partizipation, lokale Verankerung und eine transparente Governance wichtige Erfolgsfaktoren. Hier können Genossenschaften mit ihren Werten im Vorteil sein. Deshalb sollten Genossenschaften ihren partizipativen Ansatz bei der Entwicklung digitaler Geschäftsmodelle beibehalten.
Eine frühere Version dieses Artikels wurde als Impuls-Beitrag von Idée Coopérative Genossenschaft veröffentlicht (Hafen et al., 2020).
Cómo son los personajes inmigrantes en las series españolas emitidas en plataformas de streaming
Authors: Martín García Teresa , Marcos Ramos María , González de Garay Beatriz 
Published: March 2022

Introducción: La oferta de series de ficción ha aumentado de forma considerable con la entrada en escena de las plataformas de streaming. Al mismo tiempo, en los últimos años la sociedad española ha vivido una importante transformación hacia la multiculturalidad, fruto de nuevos procesos migratorios. Sin embargo, este nuevo escenario audiovisual apenas ha sido objeto de estudios de investigación, pues la representación en plataformas constituye un área escasamente explorada en el contexto académico español. Por eso, esta investigación tiene como principal objetivo analizar la representación actual de la inmigración en las series de televisión emitidas en las principales plataformas de streaming. Metodología: Para ello, se ha efectuado un análisis de contenido a 38 series de creación española, emitidas entre los años 2017 y 2020, y a un total de 1509 personajes (n=1509). Resultados: Entre los principales resultados de este trabajo se ha comprobado que los personajes inmigrantes están infrarrepresentados y, cuando están presentes, apenas ocupan papeles protagonistas. Junto con la escasa presencia de este tipo de personajes se aprecian rasgos y características estereotípicas en sus formas de representación. Discusión: La presencia de personajes extranjeros/inmigrantes en las series de producción española sigue siendo minoritaria y su representación está sesgada y es, a menudo, estereotípica, como refleja, por ejemplo, la relación significativa entre la nacionalidad del personaje y el nivel socioeconómico con el que se representa. Por todo ello, la nueva esfera de series de ficción españolas no parece reflejar la realidad sociocultural española a través de sus tramas y personajes.
STRATEGI BERTAHAN USAHA MIKRO DI WILAYAH PARIWISATA KOTA PADANG DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Ulfah Muthia , Kurnia Bayu 
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on micro enterprises around Padang City tourism area, especially on their income and survival strategies. To achieve these objectives, this study used qualitative research methods. The results showed that the Covid-19 Pandemic influenced the income of micro enterprises araound Padang City tourism area. The level of impact varied depending on the type of business and their survival strategy. The strategies carried out by micro enterprises were: 1) Active strategies, by improving product quality, increasing business variety, doing digital marketing, and improving service quality; 2) Passive strategies, by utilizing savings and increasing production efficiency; 3) Network strategy, by accessing grants, loans, or financing from financial institutions. The better strategy to reduce the impact of Covid-19 pandemic was implementing strategies that can provide value added and ensure business sustainability.
KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS DAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRI
Authors: Eliza Rivdya , Susilawati Fenny 
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the ability of mathematical concepts and self regulated learning of students when teach by inquiry learning models in class VII SMPN 1 Lembah Gumanti, Solok Regency. The type of this research is Quasy Experiment with Randomized Control Group Only Design research design. Data analysis for the ability to understand mathematical concepts is done by t test, the results obtained are t_calculate (1.85)> ttable (1.68) at an interval of 95% confidence. Because t_count> t_table, H_0 is rejected and H_1 is accepted. Continued data analysis for self regulated learning questionnaire done by non-parametric test obtained H_a (0.214)> H_0 (0.05) then H_0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. It can be concluded that the ability to understand mathematical concepts and the learning independence of students taught with inquiry learning models is higher than the learning independence of students taught with conventional learning models.
KEMAMPUAN LITERASI MATEMATIS PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF GENDER DI KELAS X MIA 7 SMAN 10 PADANG
Authors: Sepriyanti Nana , Julisra Wenny 
Published: March 2022

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: 1) mengetahui kemampuan literasi matematis peserta didik laki-laki; 2) mengetahui kemampuan literasi matematis peserta didik perempuan; 3) mengetahui ada atau tidaknya perbedaan kemampuan literasi matematis antara peserta didik laki-laki dan perempuan di Kelas X MIA 7 SMAN 10 Padang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kombinasi (Mixed Methods). Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan penelitian, diperoleh bahwa: 1) kemampuan literasi matematis peserta didik laki-laki menunjukkan kategori cukup yaitu 65,25; 2) kemampuan literasi matematis peserta didik perempuan menunjukkan kategori cukup yaitu 59,14; 3) dilihat dari data nilai kemampuan literasi matematis yang telah dilakukan, menunjukkan peserta didik laki-laki mendapatkan skor kemampuan literasi lebih besar, dibandingkan dengan skor literasi matematis peserta didik perempuan. Selanjutnya, dengan menggunakan uji Independent Sampel T-Test diperoleh perbandingan (11,10>2,03). Artinya ditolak, diterima sehingga disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan literasi matematis antara peserta didik laki-laki dan perempuan. Kata Kunci: Literasi Matematis, Gender