bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interaction of CO2 concentrations and water availability on organic acids in root exudates of native Australian species
Authors: Hasegawa Shun , Ryan Megan H , Power Sally A 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Root exudation of organic acids (OAs) facilitates plant P uptake from soil, playing a key role in rhizosphere nutrient economy. However, OA exudation responses to elevated CO2 concentrations (eCO2) and water availability remain largely untested.Methods: We examined the interactive effects of CO2 and water on OA exudates in three Australian woodland species: Eucalyptus tereticornis, Hakea sericea and Microlaena stipoides. Seedlings were grown in a glasshouse in low P soil, exposed to CO2 (400 ppm [aCO2] or 540 ppm [eCO2]) and water treatments (100% water holding capacity [high-watered] or 25–50% water holding capacity [low-watered]). After six weeks, we collected OAs from rhizosphere soil (OArhizo) and trap solutions in which washed roots were immersed (OAexuded). Results: For E. tereticornis, the treatments changed OArhizo composition, driven by increased malic acid exposed to eCO2 and increased oxalic acid in low-watered plants. For H. sericea, low-watered plants had higher OAexuded per plant (+116%) and lower OArhizo per unit root mass (–77%) associated with larger root mass but fewer cluster roots. For M. stipoides, eCO2 increased OAexuded per plant (+107%) and per unit root mass (+160%), while low-watered plants had higher citric and lower malic acids for OArhizo and OAexuded: changes in OA amounts and composition driven by malic acid were positively associated with soil P availability under eCO2.Conclusion: We conclude that eCO2 and altered water availability shifted OAs in root exudates, modifying plant–soil interactions and the associated carbon and nutrient economy.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin monitoring reveals persistent subclinical kidney injury following intraarterial administration of iodinated contrast agents
Authors: Scridon Alina , Somkereki Cristina , Nicoară Tunde Renata , Oprica Mădălina , Demian Liliana 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Clinically overt contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the most feared complications in patients exposed to iodinated contrast media and has been extensively studied over the years. Meanwhile, the incidence and evolution of subclinical contrast-induced kidney injury remain elusive. With the continuous increase in the number of patients that are repeatedly exposed to contrast media, elucidating these issues is of critical importance. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the incidence and the evolution of clinical and subclinical kidney injury in patients exposed to contrast media.
Methods
A total of 178 patients who underwent elective percutaneous angioplasty procedures were evaluated prospectively. Serum creatinine and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels were evaluated pre-procedurally, 48 hours and 1 month after administration of contrast media. The evolution of creatinine and NGAL levels was analyzed at the three time points, and the potential predictors of contrast-induced clinical and subclinical renal injury were evaluated.
Results
Clinically overt CIN occurred in 10 (5.6%) patients. Baseline serum creatinine and the volume of contrast media were the only independent predictors of CIN and in all 10 patients creatinine levels returned to baseline by 1 month (p = 0.32). Subclinical contrast-induced kidney injury was much more common, affecting 32 (17.9%) patients, was only predicted by the baseline serum creatinine, and persisted in 53.1% of patients after one month.
Conclusions
This study showed that whereas clinically overt CIN is rather rare and regressive, subclinical contrast-induced kidney injury is considerably more frequent, affecting almost 18% of patients that receive intraarterial contrast media. More importantly, subclinical kidney injury persisted after 1 month in more than 50% of the initially affected patients, who may thus be at increased risk for further renal impairment, particularly if exposed to nephrotoxic agents or repeated administration of contrast media.
Thermal states of exfoliated gC3N4 embedded coral-shaped ZrO2 nanoparticles as a robust emissive layer for OLED application
Authors: Bauri Jayanta , Choudhary Ram Bilash 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (gC3N4) is proving as a growing star of the carbon nitride family due to its glamorous electrical, optical, and thermal properties. Blending of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) semiconductor with different weight percentage improves the properties of the pure gC3N4. In this work, we used the ultrasonic sound wave method to synthesize gC3N4/ZrO2 nanocomposite. Characterization techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transforms infrared microscopy (FTIR), UV-visible, and photoluminescence were used to characterize the as-synthesized gC3N4, ZrO2, and gC3N4/ZrO2 nanocomposite. The XRD measurement method confirmed the crystalline nature and determined the average particle size of the composite. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed to examine the presence of functional groups in synthesized materials. Bandgap energy of 2.98 eV and light absorbed in the range of 250 nm - 450 nm was recorded by UV visible spectroscopy. Photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed photon emission in the range 450 nm -530 nm of the synthesized materials. Dielectric constant, refractive index (n=1.5), and electrical conductivity (2.63 × 10-3 S/cm) were computed using LCR meter and I-V graph. Lower dielectric constant, refractive index, optimized optical band gap energy, and higher electron-hole recombination rate of gC3N4/ZrO2illustrated a successful emissive layer for organic light-emitting diode applications.
A Numerical Simulation for Improving the aerodynamics of a pickup truck by use of diffusers, spoilers, and bumps
Authors: Bahoosh Reza , Rohani Milad , Safarian Mohammadreza 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A pickup's aerodynamics characteristic for reducing drag force and increasing negative lift is studied; this study is performed to reduce fuel consumption and increase stability. The external flow devices such as a diffuser and a spoiler on the model which can change the direction of the airflow around the pickup to the desired direction are utilized. A diffuser at the rear end of the pick-up is studied to examine the effect of change of its length and angle on the aerodynamics characteristic of the Pickup. A spoiler length at the roof of the pickup spoiler as well as the change of its angle and the double spoiler are investigated; besides, the effect of the Bump's height on the tailgate of the pickup is studied. As a result of adding these devices to the pickup, increasing the diffuser length and angle, the drag coefficient and negative lift coefficient increase. In addition, the drag coefficient and negative lift coefficient will decrease if the spoiler length is increased. But with increasing double spoiler angle, the drag coefficient and negative lift coefficient increase. finally the drag coefficient and negative lift coefficient decrease with the addition of bumps on the tailgate of the Pickup truck.
Crosstalk between ROCK1 and PYROXD1 regulates CAFs activation and promotes laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis
Authors: YANG Li-Yun , Qiao Peipei , Zhang Jianwei , Chen Xiaoping , Hu An , Huang Shuixian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We previously found the protein kinase ROCK1 actives CAFs to promote LSCC metastasis. Accumulating evidence indicates that the oxidoreductase PYROXD1 is an oncogene; however, the crosstalk between ROCK1 and PYROXD1 in LSCC metastasis is largely unknown. Here, we found that ROCK1 can target PYROXD1 and that knockdown of ROCK1 expression reduces the expression of PYROXD1, while knockdown of PYROXD1 expression cannot alter the expression of ROCK1; these results indicate that ROCK1 is upstream of PYROXD1. Furthermore, LSCC cells cocultured with PYROXD1-knockdown CAFs exhibit lower proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis. Conversely, LSCC cells cocultured with PYROXD1-overexpressing CAFs show the opposite results. In conclusion, the crosstalk between ROCK1 and PYROXD1 regulates CAFs activation and promotes LSCC metastasis.
Correlation of Immune-inflammatory Response System (IRS) / Compensatory Immune-regulatory Reflex System (CIRS) with White Matter Integrity in First-Episode Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Gou Mengzhuang , Li Wei , Tong Jinghui , Zhou Yanfang , Xie Ting , Yu Ting , Feng Wei , Li Yanli , Chen Song , Tian Baopeng , Tan Shuping , Wang Zhiren , Pan Shujuan , Luo Xingguang , Li Chiang-Shan R. , Zhang Ping , Huang Junchao , Tian Li , Hong L. Elliot , Tan Yunlong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Several studies have reported compromised white matter integrity, and that some inflammatory mediators may underlie this functional dysconnectivity in brain of patients with schizophrenia. The immune-inflammatory response system and compensatory immune-regulatory reflex system (IRS/CIRS) are novel biomarkers for exploring the role of immune imbalance in the pathophysiological mechanism of schizophrenia. This study aimed to explore the little-known area regarding the composite score of peripheral cytokines, the IRS/CIRS, and its correlation with white matter integrity and the specific microstructures most affected in schizophrenia. First-episode patients with schizophrenia (FEPS, n = 94) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 50) were enrolled in this study. Plasma cytokine levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The whole brain white matter integrity was measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using a 3-T Prisma MRI scanner. The IRS/CIRS in FEPS was significantly higher than that in HCs (p = 1.5×10− 5) and Cohen’s d effect size was d = 0.74. FEPS had a significantly lower whole-brain white matter average FA (p = 0.032), which was negatively associated with IRS/CIRS (p = 0.029, adjusting for age, gender, years of education, BMI, and total intracranial volume), but not in the HCs (p > 0.05). Among the white matter microstructures, only the cortico-spinal tract was significantly correlated with IRS/CIRS in FEPS (r=-0.543, p = 0.0009). Therefore, elevated IRS/CIRS may affect the white matter in FEPS.
Cohort Profile: Real-Time Insights of COVID-19 in India (RTI COVID-India)
Authors: Banerjee Joyita , Petrosyan Sarah , Rao Abhijith R , Jacob Steffi , Khobragade Pranali Yogiraj , Weerman Bas , Chien Sandy , Angrisani Marco , Agarwal Arunika , Madan Nirupam , Dey Sharmistha , Schaner Simone , Bloom David E , Lee Jinkook , DEY AB 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic caused disruption globally and was particularly distressing in low- and middle-income countries such as India. This study aimed to provide population representative estimates of COVID-related outcomes in India over time and characterize how COVID-related changes and impacts differ by key socioeconomic groups across the life course.MethodsThe sample was leveraged from an existing nationally representative study on cognition and dementia in India: the Harmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-DAD). The wave-1 of LASI-DAD enrolled 4,096 older adults aged 60 years and older in 3,316 households from 18 states and union territories of India. Out of the 3,316 LASI-DAD households, 2,704 households with valid phone numbers were contacted and invited to participate in the Real-Time Insights COVID-19 in India (RTI COVID-India) study. RTI COVID-India is a bi-monthly phone survey that provides insight into the individual’s knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour towards COVID-19 and changes in the household’s economic and health conditions throughout the pandemic. The survey was started in May,2020 and 8 rounds have been completed till date.Findings till dateOut of the 2,704 LASI-DAD households with valid phone numbers, 1,766 households participated in the RTI COVID-India survey at least once. Participants were in the age range of 16-102 years Using the first four waves of survey data, Schaner et al. (2022) reported a gradual decline in protective behaviours like mask wearing and hand washing alongside a more rapid decline in distancing behaviour with a 30% decline in social distancing observed over the first 4 survey waves. Furthermore, women and older adults showed less adherence to protective behaviour, likely due to lower levels of mobility.Future plansA nineth and final round of the study is underway to measure the economic and socio-behavioural changes in the aftermath of India’s Omicron wave. The study group will analyse the data collected showing the real-time changes throughout the pandemic and make them publicly available for researchers to conduct further studies.
Application of the game theory, on a suggested model of COVID-19 coronavirus transmission in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Al-Sayegh M. Al , Iqbal A. , Metwally N. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
To control the spread of a pandemic, preventive measures such as vaccination and social distancing are used. In this contribution a suggested model is discussed by using the game theory, where a payoff function is constructed in terms of the players’ available strategies. The relative cost of each strategy determines the most appropriate strategy for people to implement. In the absence of social distancing, vaccination is chosen when its cost equals the risk of infection for non-vaccinated individuals compared to vaccinated individuals. In the absence of vaccination, social distancing is chosen when its cost equals the risk of infection when social distancing is not applied. In the case of both vaccination and social distancing, the optimal strategy is to apply vaccination regardless of its cost. Through vaccination, it is possible to create a societal immunity capable of confronting the spread of COVID-19 throughout Bahrain.
On the electrochemical NADH regeneration: Influence of electrode potential, pH and NAD+ concentration
Authors: Aamer Emad , Thöming Jorg , Baune Michael , Reimer Nicholas , Dringen Ralf , Romero Manuela , Bösing Ingmar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Electrochemical NAD+ reduction is a promising method to regenerate NADH for enzymatic reactions. Many different electrocatalysts have been tested in the search for high yields of the 1,4-isomer of NADH, the active NADH, but aside from electrode material, other system parameters such as pH, electrode potential and educt concentration also play a role in NADH regeneration. The effect of these last three parameters and the mechanisms behind their influence on NADH regeneration was systematically studied and presented in this paper. With percentages of active NADH ranging from 10% - to 70% and faradaic efficiencies between 1% and 30%, it is clear that all three system parameters drastically affect the reaction outcome. The optimised reaction conditions were applied to test the consumption of the regenerated NADH by an enzymatic reaction. Electrochemical NAD + reduction in the presence of pyruvate and lactate dehydrogenase revealed that the 1,4-isomer of NADH, the physiological substrate of oxidoreductases, accounted for around 45% of the detectable electrochemically regenerated NADH.
Developing a HBIM Shared Library for the Conservation of Jordan’s Heritage in the World Heritage City As-Salt and Capital City Amman
Authors: Aburamadan Rania , Trillo Claudia , Cotella Victoria Andrea , Perna Elena Di , Ncube Chiko , Moustaka Athena , Udeaja Chika , Awuah Kwasi Gyau Baffour 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Jordan’s architectural heritage has gone through a long period of evolution and development: the result is a mixture of influences and traditions, from both Europe and the Middle East characterised by an optimal integration with the surrounding landscapes, making a great stride to conserve its buildings and historical heritage but has never adopted advanced technologies such as BIM. This is attributable to the lack of specialist training for the professionals within the sector, who remain unaware of the benefits that this methodology can offer. This paper aims to optimise the management process to remedy the natural loss and misplaced historical documentation of heritage over time by creating a 3D library of BIM objects related to typical elements of Jordanian and Arabic architecture, specifically the House of Art in Amman and the Qaqish House in the World Heritage City of As-Salt. This object database, represented through parametric BIM families (easily adaptable to any project of similar elements), will store information related to the geometry of individual objects, but also on the materials and their properties. By creating a library of 3D models of elements typical of the traditional Jordanian architecture, Jordan can acquire attractiveness on the part of tourists and art lovers, starting a chain reaction to get even more digital documentation and heritage conservation of the most historic cities in Jordan and, in general, in the Arabic world.
Evaluation of CMIP6 Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) Simulations for Summer Season against MODIS Derived AOD from 2000 to 2014 over Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Assiri Mazen Ebraheem , Alsubhi Yazeed , Siddiqui Muhammad Haroon 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Arabian Peninsula is one of the highly affected regions by atmospheric aerosols mainly due to the frequent dust outbreaks and storm activities in the region. These aerosols are primarily responsible to change the energy budget that drives the climate system. Besides, the spatial and temporal aerosol properties are comprehensively described based on aerosol optical depth (AOD). Thus, the present study focuses on the evaluation of AOD variability, trends, and performance of Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP6) individual models and their mean relative to satellite observation from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) over the Arabian Peninsula during summer (JJA). To achieve this, the AOD (550nm) data of eight CMIP6 models and TERRA-MODIS DTB are acquired for the period 2000–2014. We employed different statistical methods such as simple average, bias, root mean square error, standard deviation, mean absolute error, correlation, and regression for validation purposes. Further, trends and time series analyses are done to assess the AOD variability over the region. The results show that the summer AOD mean is high (0.5–0.9) over eastern and southern regions, whereas low mean values (0.2–0.5) are found in northwestern regions of the Peninsula. Overall, the AWI, BCC, CESM, and AMM acquired low bias, mean absolute error along with high correlation co-efficient and show a good agreement with MODIS. It is also revealed that the AOD variability and trends are higher in eastern and southern regions and lower in the north and northwestern regions.
Judgment Towards Emotions As a Mediator of the Relationship Between Emotional Eating and Depression Symptoms in Bariatric Surgery Candidates
Authors: Dalrymple Kristy , Maleva Viliyana , Chelminski Iwona , Zimmerman Mark 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Emotional eating is common in bariatric surgery candidates, and often is associated with depression and poorer weight loss outcomes following surgery. However, less is known about other modifiable risk factors that may link depression and emotional eating. The aim of the current study was to examine facets of mindfulness as potential mediators of the relationship between emotional eating and depression severity in bariatric surgery candidates. Methods: Bariatric surgery candidates (n=743) were referred by their surgeons for a comprehensive psychiatric presurgical evaluation that included self-report questionnaires assessing depression severity, emotional overeating, and facets of mindfulness. Mediation effects were examined for each mindfulness facet based on prior research. Results: Only the nonjudging mindfulness facet significantly mediated the relationship between emotional eating and depression, suggesting that greater emotional eating may be associated with greater depression severity through higher levels of judgement towards thoughts and emotions. A reverse mediation analysis showed that depression severity was not a significant mediator of the relationship between nonjudging and emotional eating. Conclusion: Fostering a nonjudgmental stance towards thoughts and feelings may be helpful in improving eating habits that would support greater postsurgical success. Other clinical and research implications are discussed.Level of Evidence: Level V, descriptive study
A model for design and development of online Health Professions Education Faculty Development Courses in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Keiller Lianne , Nyoni Champion , Wyk Chantel Van 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The design and development of faculty development courses require a theoretical base that is cognisant of contextual factors. The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility of a specific conjecture map as a model for the design and development of online health professions education faculty development courses in sub-Saharan Africa through a heuristic evaluation approach. The authors hypothesise that using heuristic evaluation strengthens an educational model’s theoretical basis and feasibility. Twenty-five health professions educators from nine sub-Saharan African countries participated in this multi-phased study. In the first phase, the participants completed a survey evaluating the model and the accompanying author-generated heuristics. Then, recommendations based on agreement from the participants were used to revise the model and the heuristics. In the subsequent phase, participants reviewed the revisions made and commented on the feasibility of the model within their local context. All six heuristics were revised following the initial phase, where 80 problems had been identified. The model was revised based on the responses and re-presented to participants. The model was deemed feasible by all except one participant upon revision. There was a strong relationship and inter-rater agreement of feasibility between 0.84 and 0.95 in terms of practicality, demand, acceptability, and adaptability of the model. Revisions to the final model and guidance documents incorporated all changes recommended by the participants, confirming the feasibility of a model for the design and development of online health professions education faculty development courses in sub-Saharan Africa. Theoretical models are often developed through a top-down approach which omits the practice-based considerations that could change the formulation of the model. This study demonstrates the convergence of a theoretical and process model with theoretical, expert and end-user data triangulation. Further research is needed to test this empirically developed model for designing and developing online health professions education faculty development courses in sub-Saharan Africa.