bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging reveals microemboli-mediated pathological changes in brain microstructure in diabetic rats: relevance to vascular cognitive impairment/dementia
Authors: Chandran Raghavendar , He Lianying , Nie Xingju , Voltin Joshua , Jamil Sarah , Doueiry Caren , Falangola Maria Fatima , Ergul Adviye , Li Weiguo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Diabetes doubles the risk of vascular cognitive impairment, but the underlying reasons remain unclear. In the present study, we determined the temporal and spatial changes in the brain structure after microemboli (ME) injection using diffusion MRI (dMRI). Control and diabetic rats received cholesterol crystal ME (40–70 µm) injections. Cognitive tests were followed up to 16 weeks, while dMRI scans were performed at baseline and 12 weeks post-ME. The novel object recognition test had a lower d2 recognition index along with a decrease in spontaneous alternations in the Y maze test in diabetic rats with ME. dMRI showed that ME injection caused infarction in two diabetic animals (n=5) but none in controls (n=6). In diabetes, radial diffusivity (DR) was increased while fractional anisotropy (FA) was decreased in the cortex, indicating loss of tissue integrity and edema. In the dorsal hippocampus, mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (DA), and DR were significantly increased, indicating loss of axons and myelin damage. Histological analyses confirmed more tissue damage and microglial activation in diabetic rats with ME. These results suggest that ME injury and associated cerebrovascular dysfunction are greater in diabetes, which may cause cognitive deficits. Strategies to improve vascular function can be a preventive and therapeutic approach for vascular cognitive impairment.
Native American Speech-Language Pathology Assistants: Expanding Culturally Responsive Services in Reservation Schools
Authors: Meeks Jeffrey C. 
Published: October 2022

Purpose:
Native Americans are one of the least represented races within the profession of speech-language pathology. As a result, Native American school children are among the least likely to receive speech and language services from a provider who shares their same culture and heritage. The purpose of this tutorial is to describe how expanding opportunities for Native American college students to enter the field of speech-language pathology as speech-language pathology assistants (SLPAs) offers a solution for improving culturally responsive services in reservation schools.

Method:
The article reviews research describing factors impacting the current disparity of Native Americans within the field of speech-language pathology. Additionally, we explore increasing opportunities for Native American college students to obtain education and licensing as SLPAs while maintaining ties to their community, tribal land, and local school system. The author then suggests steps speech-language pathologists in reservation schools can take to expand their culturally responsive services by participating in the development of, and collaboration with, Native American SLPAs.

Conclusions:
There is a need for increased culturally responsive speech and language services for Native American students in reservation schools. It is the obligation of speech-language pathologists serving this population to explore solutions for improving culturally responsive services, which includes investing in a new generation of Native American SLPAs.
Finite‐time sliding mode synchronisation of a fractional‐order hyperchaotic system optimised using a differential evolution algorithm with dual neural networks
Authors: Shao Keyong , Feng Ao , Wang Tingting , Li Wenju , Jiang Jilu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTo solve the synchronisation problem associated with fractional‐order hyperchaotic systems, in this study, a new dual‐neural network finite‐time sliding mode control method was developed, and a differential evolution algorithm was used to optimise the switching gain, control parameters, and sliding mode surface parameters, greatly reducing chattering problems in sliding mode controllers. By using the developed method, the complete synchronisation of the drive system and the response system of a fractional‐order hyperchaotic system was realised in a finite time; moreover, the stability of the error system under this method was proved by using Lyapunov stability theorem. Numerical simulation results verified the feasibility and superiority of the method.
Pathways to reducing the negative impact of urban transport on climate change
Authors: Seredynski Marcin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTransition to net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from urban transport requires strategies improving energy efficiency and contributing to energy conservation. Efficiency gains can be achieved via combination of new technologies, such as electrification, connectivity, and automation. Energy conservation focuses on reducing the total miles travelled by private cars. Supporting modal shift to public transport (PT) is the essential element of that strategy. It starts with policy support enabling time and space prioritisation of PT vehicles. Next, the emerging technologies can optimise performance and comfort of PT vehicles by making the best use of the assigned resources. This article shows how these technologies can reduce GHG emissions directly, as well as indirectly by making PT an attractive choice boosting patronage. A case study illustrating the improvement of the environmental performance of full hybrid buses via connectivity and geofencing is given.
The effect of winds on atmospheric layers of red supergiants
Authors: González-Torà G. , Wittkowski M. , Davies B. , Plez B. , Kravchenko K. 
Published: October 2022

Context. Red supergiants (RSGs) are evolved massive stars in a stage preceding core-collapse supernova. The physical processes that trigger mass loss in their atmospheres are still not fully understood, and they remain one of the key questions in stellar astrophysics. Based on observations of α Ori, a new semi-empirical method to add a wind to hydrostatic model atmospheres of RSGs was recently developed. This method can reproduce many of the static molecular shell (or ‘MOLsphere’) spectral features.
Aims. We used this method of adding a semi-empirical wind to a MARCS model atmosphere to compute synthetic observables, comparing the model to spatially resolved interferometric observations. We present a case study to model published interferometric data of HD 95687 and V602 Car obtained with the AMBER instrument at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI).
Methods. We computed model intensities with respect to the line-of-sight angle (µ) for different mass-loss rates, spectra, and visibilities using the radiative transfer code TURBOSPECTRUM. We were able to convolve the models to match the different spectral resolutions of the VLTI instruments, studying a wavelength range of 1.8–5 µm corresponding to the K, L, and M bands for GRAVITY and MATISSE data. The model spectra and squared visibility amplitudes were compared with the published VLTI/AMBER data.
Results. The synthetic visibilities reproduce observed drops in the CO, SiO, and water layers that are not shown in visibilities based on MARCS models alone. For the case studies, we find that adding a wind onto the MARCS model with simple radiative equilibrium dramatically improves the agreement with the squared visibility amplitudes as well as the spectra, with the fit being even better when applying a steeper density profile than predicted from previous studies. Our results reproduce observed extended atmospheres up to several stellar radii.
Conclusions. This paper shows the potential of our model to describe extended atmospheres in RSGs. It can reproduce the shapes of the spectra and visibilities with a better accuracy in the CO and water lines than previous models. The method can be extended to other wavelength bands for both spectroscopic and interferometric observations. We provide temperature and density stratifications that succeed, for the first time, in reproducing observed interferometric properties of RSG atmospheres.
Generation of solar chromosphere heating and coronal outflows by two-fluid waves
Authors: Pelekhata M. , Murawski K. , Poedts S. 
Published: October 2022

Context. It is known that Alfvén and magnetoacoustic waves both contribute to the heating of the solar chromosphere and drive plasma outflows. In both cases, the thermalization of the wave energy occurs due to ion-neutral collisions, but the obtained rates of plasma heating cannot explain the observational data. The same is true for the magnitudes of the outflows.
Aims. The aim of the present paper is to reexamine two-fluid modeling of Alfvén and magnetoacoustic waves in the partially ionized solar chromosphere. We attempt to detect variations in the ion temperature and vertical plasma flows for different wave combinations.
Methods. We performed numerical simulations of the generation and evolution of coupled Alfvén and magnetoacoustic waves using the JOANNA code, which solves the two-fluid equations for ions (protons)+electrons and neutrals (hydrogen atoms), coupled by collision terms.
Results. We confirm that the damping of impulsively generated small-amplitude waves negligibly affects the chromosphere temperature and generates only slow plasma flows. In contrast, waves generated by large-amplitude pulses significantly increase the chromospheric temperature and result in faster plasma outflows. The maximum heating occurs when the pulse is launched from the center of the photosphere, and the magnitude of the related plasma flows increases with the amplitude of the pulse.
Conclusions. Large-amplitude coupled two-fluid Alfvén and magnetoacoustic waves can significantly contribute to the heating of the solar chromosphere and to the generation of plasma outflows.
Parachute Method: A Novel Method to Retrieve a Stuck Degloved Finger
Authors: Periasamy Madhu , Asokan Kumanan , Mohan Monusha , Muthukumar Vamseedharan , Venkatramani Hari , Sabapathy S. Raja 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAn entrapped finger is a relatively uncommon domestic injury. When the finger gets stuck proximal to the proximal interphalangeal joint, the resultant distal edema and inappropriate attempts at retrieval can result in circumferential degloving of the skin and injury to the neurovascular structures. We report a technique that can be used in such circumstances. Strategically placed skin sutures are used to get the skin through the constricting ring, and retrieval is aided by a cut finger glove that wraps the finger and can be lubricated. This non-cutting technique is named as the parachute technique since the withdrawn skin sutures look like the strings of the parachute. This technique is valuable when the finger gets stuck in an idli plate, a common South Indian kitchen utensil, where there is difficulty of access to cutting equipment and where inappropriate attempts at retrieval can result in skin injury making further attempts more difficult.
Microfluidic devices for quasi-phase-matching in high-order harmonic generation
Authors: Ciriolo A. G. , Martínez Vázquez R. , Crippa G. , Devetta M. , Faccialà D. , Barbato P. , Frassetto F. , Negro M. , Bariselli F. , Poletto L. , Tosa V. , Frezzotti A. , Vozzi C. , Osellame R. , Stagira S. 
Published: October 2022

The development of bright eXtreme UltraViolet (XUV) and soft x-ray sources based on high-order harmonic generation is boosting advances toward understanding the behavior of matter on the attosecond timescale. Here, we report a novel approach for efficient XUV generation consisting of the use of microfluidic integrated systems fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining of glass. Our microfluidic approach allows one to control and manipulate the gas density on a micrometer scale with unprecedented accuracy and micro-structural flexibility. By propagating ultrashort laser pulses inside the microfluidic devices, we demonstrate high photon fluxes and broadband harmonics spectra, up to 200 eV, from tailored gas media.
Quantum contribution to luminosity of quasars
Authors: Jacak J.E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe accretion of galactic gas is regarded as the source of the giant luminosity of quasars. The gravitational energy converts itself into radiation close to the Schwarzschild horizon of the central supermassive black hole with efficiency of ca. 30% mass to radiation energy conversion rate. Particularities of such an extremely effective mechanism of mass to energy conversion are, however, still obscure. We propose to take into account quantum statistics properties of fermions, which could emit in close outer vicinity of the Schwarzschild zone a giant energy accumulated in the Fermi spheres of electrons and protons in degenerate quantum collective state created in this region by the gravitational compression of plasma. The release of photons is possible due to the local revoking of Pauli exclusion principle constraint induced by the rapid change of the homotopy of multiparticle trajectories beneath the innermost unstable circular orbit of the black hole, which causes the collapse of Fermi spheres of electrons and protons.
Non-Gaussianity effects on the primordial black hole abundance for sharply-peaked primordial spectrum
Authors: Matsubara Takahiko , Sasaki Misao 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We perturbatively study the effect of non-Gaussianities on
the mass fraction of primordial black holes (PBHs) at the time of
formation by systematically taking its effect into account in the
one-point probability distribution function of the primordial
curvature perturbation. We focus on the bispectrum and trispectrum
and derive formulas that describe their effects on the skewness and
kurtosis of the distribution function. Then considering the case of
narrowly peaked spectra, we obtain simple formulas that concisely
express the effect of the bi- and trispectra. In particular,
together with the g
NL and τ
NL parameters of the
trispectrum, we find that non-Gaussianity parameters for various
types of the bispectrum are linearly combined to give an effective
parameter, f
NL
eff, that determines the PBH mass
fraction in the narrow spectral shape limit.
Accurate modelling of extragalactic microlensing by compact objects
Authors: Boscá Víctor , Fleury Pierre , García-Bellido Juan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Microlensing of extragalactic sources, in particular the probability of significant amplifications, is a potentially powerful probe of the abundance of compact objects outside the halo of the Milky Way. Accurate experimental constraints require an equally accurate theoretical model for the amplification statistics produced by such a population. In this article, we argue that the simplest (strongest-lens) model does not meet this demanding requirement. We thus propose an elaborate practical modelling scheme for extragalactic microlensing. We derive from first principles an expression for the amplification probability that consistently allows for: (i) the coupling between microlenses; (ii) realistic perturbations from the cosmic large-scale structure; (iii) extended-source corrections. An important conclusion is that the external shear applied on the dominant microlens, both by the other lenses and by the large-scale structure, is practically negligible. Yet, the predictions of our approach can still differ by a factor of a few with respect to existing models of the literature. Updated constraints on the abundance of compact objects accounting for such discrepancies may be required.
Dynamical response of a reaction–diffusion predator–prey system with cooperative hunting and prey refuge
Authors: Han Renji , Mandal Gourav , Guin Lakshmi Narayan , Chakravarty Santabrata 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The present research is concerned with the combined outcome of the cooperative hunting and prey refuge in a spatiotemporal predator–prey model. Firstly, the problem is confirmed to be well-posed and some basic preliminaries are provided within the context of the temporal environment. Subsequently, both the local and the global stability of the temporal system including permanence are thoroughly investigated so as to emerge the fact that the competition between the hunting cooperation factor a and the refuge coefficient r can resolve the dynamics of the system. More precisely, global stability for all of the feasible non-negative equilibria corresponding to the temporal environment and the coexistence equilibrium in the spatiotemporal domain are explored in the event of the hunting cooperation factor a not exceeding the prey refuge coefficient r. However, the moment a exceeds r, where both the Hopf bifurcation and the Turing bifurcation are induced by hunting cooperation. Nevertheless, a distinct Turing instability mechanism is emerged when the prey diffusivity exceeds that of predator but interestingly, the opposite is customarily a reasonable constraint in many predator–prey models. Later on, the diffusion coefficient is chosen as a bifurcation parameter interpreting pattern transition and the amplitude equations close to the onset are thereby derived. The stability analysis is made use of to explain the selection of patterns among hot spot patterns, the mixture of hot spots and stripes patterns and the stripe patterns themselves. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to explore pattern selection influenced by the hunting cooperation factor, the prey refuge coefficient and the diffusivity as well. Some interesting dynamical complexities including the variation of the number of equilibria, the bifurcation scenario, etc, also emerge out from such quantitative simulations.
Non-equilibrium random walks on multiplex networks
Authors: Huang Feng , Chen Hanshuang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We introduce a non-equilibrium discrete-time random walk model on multiplex networks, in which at each time step the walker first undergoes a random jump between neighboring nodes in the same layer, and then tries to hop from one node to one of its replicas in another layer. We derive the so-called supra-Markov matrix that governs the evolution of the occupation probability of the walker. The occupation probability at stationarity is different from the weighted average over the counterparts on each layer, unless the transition probabilities between layers vanish. However, they are approximately equal when the transition probabilities between layers are very small, which is given by the first-order degenerate perturbation theory. Moreover, we compute the mean first passage time (MFPT) and the graph MFPT (GrMFPT) that is the average of the MFPT over all pairs of distinct nodes. Interestingly, we find that the GrMFPT can be smaller than that of any layer taken in isolation. The result embodies the advantage of global search on multiplex networks.
Birds on a wire
Authors: Krapivsky P L , Redner S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
We investigate the occupancy statistics of birds on a wire. Birds land one by one on a wire and rest where they land. Whenever a newly arriving bird lands within a fixed distance of already resting birds, these resting birds immediately fly away. We determine the steady-state occupancy of the wire, the distribution of gaps between neighboring birds, and other basic statistical features of this process. We briefly discuss conjectures for corresponding observables in higher dimensions.
Automatic identification method of topology structure of low-voltage distribution station area based on multi-point measurement data
Authors: Zhou Lei , Ma Jian , Huang Hao , Xia Taibao , Ma Xiaohan 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In order to improve the accuracy and success rate of the identification results of the topology structure of the station area, an automatic identification method of the topology structure of the low-voltage distribution station area based on multi-point measurement data is proposed. LoRa technology is used to obtain multi-point measurement data, and with the help of protocol compression technology, the acquisition of massive high-density measurement data is completed. A current-based identification model for the affiliation of equipment in the station area is constructed, and the affiliation between the primary branch and the secondary branch, and the affiliation between the secondary branch and the user energy meter cluster set are obtained by using the model. Finally, the DTW distance and cluster analysis are used to analyze the distribution terminal and the collected measurement data. So as to realize the automatic identification of the topology structure of the low-voltage distribution station area. The experimental results show that the identification results of the proposed method are more accurate, and the success rate is also effectively improved.
Modal Research of a Certain Type of Gas Turbine Rotor
Authors: Bian Shiji , Zhang Gang , Li Xu , He Yuliang 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
At present, one of the bottlenecks that currently restrict the reliability and lifetime of the whole machine is the rotor-bearing system of gas turbines. This paper firstly introduces the background of gas turbines and the current research situation, and then carries out 3D modelling using UG (Unigraphics NX) software according to the available 2D drawings of the original rotor and relevant parameters. In view of the complex structure of the original rotor and the technical problems in the actual installation process, the original bearing-rotor system was modified and modelled in 3D as well, followed by modal analysis and Campbell diagrams based on Ansys Workbench software. Finally, the simulation results were compared with the theoretical results to verify the feasibility of the scheme and to provide theoretical support for the subsequent 1:1 gas turbine rotor-bearing performance test-bed for the comprehensive performance experimental study of the research and development of gas turbine bearings.
Vibration Suppression of Electromechanical Actuator Considering Backlash Nonlinearity
Authors: Fu Bangsheng , Qi Hui , Xu Jiangtao , Wang Shaobo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As an electromechanical drive system, nonlinear factors are unavoidable in electromechanical actuator (EMA). In this paper, elasticity of shaft and backlash nonlinearity are considered in the model, the effects of elasticity and backlash on EMA are analyzed. In order to suppress the vibration caused by nonlinearity and elasticity, A nonlinear control method based on backstepping method is proposed. The simulation results show that this method can eliminate the limit cycle oscillation (LCO) caused by backlash, and effectively suppress the vibration.
Fault Diagnosis of Transformer Winding Based on VMD-SVM
Authors: Chu Jianxiong , Li Zhenyu , Huang Lipeng , Huang Xueying , Wang Kunming 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Considering the nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of the transformer vibration acceleration signal obtained from the surface of the transformer tank, the variational mode decomposition (VMD) theory is introduced. Simulation analysis shows that the VMD decomposition has obvious advantages over EMD when the needle frequency is similar to the signal. It effectively avoids two types of modal aliasing and over-decomposition, and accurately reflects the characteristics of the source signal. Aiming at the problem that the two core parameters of the support vector machine are difficult to determine, the Pareto particle swarm method is used to perform multi-objective parallel optimization of the two core parameters of the support vector machine to obtain the optimal parameters. The VMD-SVM fault diagnosis model is tested using the transformer instance fault data, and compared with the other two methods. The instance test results show that the VMD-SVM proposed in this paper has the highest diagnostic accuracy and realizes the latent fault of the power transformer winding. accurate diagnosis.