bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-vitro Evaluation of Three Conservation Methods of Probiotics from 42-day-old Tropical Calves
Authors: Rodríguez-González Sarahí , González-Dávalos Laura , Shimada Armando , Mora-Izaguirre Ofelia 
Published: June 2022

Aims: The conservation of probiotics is of great importance due to the microorganism’s viability; therefore, their properties and benefits depend on it. In this work, it was studied three methods of conservation; refrigeration, cryopreservation, and lyophilization of two probiotics isolated from the rumen of 42 day-old calves, previously evaluated: Animal 1-day 42 (A1D42) and Animal 3-day 42 A3D42.
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratorio de Rumiología y Metabolismo Nutricional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, between August 2020 and September 2021.
Methodology: It was evaluated the viability of the probiotics after of 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of refrigeration, cryopreservation, and lyophilization as preservation methods. The effect of the lyophilized probiotic A1D42 on the digestibility in vitro, such as its effect on the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production was also determined.
Results: Cryopreserved and lyophilization methods had better performance about the viability in both probiotics. A1D42 lyophilized maintained its viability (67%) until 60 days and after 90 days it was affected significantly. Despite the fact that VFA production in vitro did not increase with probiotic addiction, A1D42 significantly increased in vitro digestibility by up to 66%. The results demonstrated that lyophilization is the best method of conservation of probiotic production due to it preserves vial cells, as well as the properties and effects of the probiotic.
Conclusion: Therefore, lyophilized A1D42 probiotic can be used as an additive in calf diets, which could improve their digestibility, and, therefore, their weight gain, which could have a positive impact on animal production, in addition to the health benefits.
In vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Bee Honey against Gram-Positive Cocci Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Specimen in Shendi Town
Authors: Alabbadi Alaa Abd Alazeem , Ahmed Moshrega Mahgoub , Bashir Mazin Babekir Musa , Mahjaf Ghanem Mohammed , Gorish Babbiker Mohammed Taher 
Published: June 2022

Background: Bacterial resistance is a more serious threat, and herbal medicines have been used as an alternative solution to this problem. Honey has been used to treat bacterial infections for decades.
Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, Shendi, Sudan between October 2021 and November 2021. In this study, 50 different clinical samples were collected from different microbiology laboratories in Shendi City, and different Gram-positive cocci bacteria were isolated and identified by Gram’s staining and biochemical tests. The susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria to the bee honey was determined using agar well diffusion technique.
Results: Out of a total of 50 clinical specimens cultured the most frequent isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (46%), Streptococcus epidermidis (36%), Streptococcus viridian's (10%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (4%), while the least isolated bacteria was Enterococcus fecalis (4%). On the other hand, 100% (v/v) honey was more effective than the tested antibiotics, inhibiting 74% of clinical isolates, while 38% of microorganisms were inhibited by only 50% (v/v) honey and 14% of organisms inhibited by 25% (v/v) Honey. Bee honey showed a clear effect on the isolated bacteria.
Conclusion: Based on these results, we can conclude that honey has broad activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, honey can be considered as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. The medicinal use of Sudanese honey and the assumption that the possibility of local production of bioactive honey requires additional investigation.
Study to Identify the Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Post COVID Lung Fibrosis in COVID-19
Authors: Chopra R. K. , Modi Mahavir , Tirpude Sneha , Devi Kaumudi , Gireesh Vishnu , Lonsane Abhijeet , Pandya Aditya , Wankhede Vaibhav , Gandhe Suyash 
Published: June 2022

Background: SARS CoV-2 has affected more than 494 millions of people all over across the globe till date. Most lethal infection of SARS-CoV-2 is highly representative of patients suffering with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [1]. Interstitial thickening, irregular interface, coarse reticular pattern, and parenchymal bands manifesting in the course of the disease might be predictors of pulmonary fibrosis in these patients [2].
Objectives and Methods: Objective of the study is to identify the prevalence and predictive factors of post covid lung fibrosis in covid-19 patients. The study was conducted in a retrospective manner and included 100 patients in our tertiary care center. HRCT thorax conducted in all patients were evaluated on admission, one month, 3 month and 6 months whereever indicated.
Results: The prevalence of post covid lung fibrosis was 2 % at 6 months , with CT severity score more for elderly male population. In our study we found a significant corelation between clinical severity and post covid fibrosis.
Conclusion: From our study, the post COVID lung changes are reversible, with only 2 % developing the post covid lung fibrosis.
Effect of Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy on the Clinical Periodontal Inflammatory Parameters in \(\beta\)-Thalassemia Major (TM-\(\beta\)) Patients with Gingivitis
Authors: Hanif Ayesha , Quraeshi Saima , Qidwai Asim , Shahid Moazzam Ali , Khan Soban Qadir , Khan Komal , Waqasi Javairia 
Published: June 2022

Background: Increased prevalence of gingival diseases in thalassemia patients has been consistently reported. In diseases with neutrophil dysfunctions, periodontal tissue is lost very rapidly. \(\beta\)-thalassemia major (TM- \(\beta\)) patients exhibit defective neutrophils and macrophages. Therefore, supplementary gingival inflammation is detrimental to periodontal tissues in these patients. This warrants attention to specialized oral health care intervention in these patients. This is the pioneer pre and post study that evaluates the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in \(\beta\)-thalassemia major (TM- \(\beta\)) patients with gingivitis. And also reports the prevalence and distribution of disease severity in TM- \(\beta\)patients.
Methods: 31 patients (15 females, 16 males) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were provided with protocol guided NSPT including scaling, polishing and chemical mouthrinse (0.2% CHX). Gingival index (GI), plaque score, Papillary bleeding index (PI) and periodontal pocket depth (PPD) were recorded with a periodontal probe (UNC-15) at baseline and evaluated after 6 weeks of intervention. Paired T-test was applied for GI, PBI and plaque and Wilcoxon signed rank test for PPD at the P-value of <0.05
Results: 86% of the assessed individuals had gingivitis (6% -mild, 44%- moderate and 36% - severe). NSPT showed highly significant (P - <0.000) improvement from baseline to 6 weeks after intervention for all the clinical parameters, GI, PBI, plaque score and PPD.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, the results show that with proper protocol, multidisciplinary approach and careful screening of the patient’s systemic status, TM-\(\beta\)patients with gingivitis respond positively to local measures of plaque control.
Prevalence and Determinants of Gastroparesis Symptoms among T2DM Patients in Tabuk City
Authors: Alanazi Bashayer Dhaifallah , Alhablani Manea , Alanazi Almaha , Balawi Maram Mohsen Al , Alamrani Amani Salem , Albalawi Nujud Abdulqader , Rfadh Shahad Ali , Alfuhaymani Asmaa Musallam , Hashem Faris Abdullah Al 
Published: June 2022

Background: Development and progression of gastrointestinal complications in T2DM patients are one of the main contributors in the clinical course of the disease. Therefore, early recognition of gastroparesis is an important issue, despite this is not an easy task.
Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and identify determinants of gastroparesis symptoms among T2DM patients.
Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia among all patients diagnosed with T2DM patients and attended the chronic illness clinics of King Khalid Armed Forces hospital throughout the period April-May, 2022. An interview questionnaire was utilized including 5 main parts: Demographic data of patients, medical history, weight and height measurements, the most recent hemoglobin A1c, and the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptoms Index (GCSI) to estimate the prevalence of gastroparesis.
Results: The study included 348 T2DM patients. More than half of them (57.8%) were females. Their age ranged between 23 and 75 years with an arithmetic mean±standard deviation of 54±11.3 years. The commonest reported gastroparesis symptoms were stomach fullness (45.1%), nausea (42%), loss of appetite (42%)and feeling excessively full after meals (41.1%). Overall, the prevalence of gastroparesis symptoms among T2DM patients was 11.8%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that females were at high significant risk for developing gastroparesis symptoms compared to males (Adjusted odds ratio “AOR”==2.49, 95% confidence interval “CI”: 1.18-5.27), p=0.016. Participants` glycated hemoglobin level was not significantly associated with gastroparesis symptoms after controlling for confounder effect.
Conclusion: The prevalence of gastroparesis symptoms among T2DM patients was not high. Symptoms were more likely to affect female than male patients. However, they were not independently associated with glycemic control or treatment with metformin.
Ethambutol Effect on Retinal and Optic Nerve Structural Changes in Toxic Optic Neuropathy Case: A Literature Review
Authors: Islam Itzar Chaidir , Umar Batari Todja , Minhajat Rahmawati , Bukhari Agussalim , Sari Dwi Kesuma , Kaelan Cahyono 
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Ethambutol (EMB) is one of the first-line antituberculosis drugs that reported to cause toxic effects on the eye structure. This study aims to elucidate the histological mechanism of retinal and optic nerve damage in toxic optic neuropathy cases.
Reference Sources: The literature search was conducted in the PUBMED and MEDLINE databases using the latest publication of the 2012-2022 series.
Studies Selection: The observational and randomized controlled trial studies analyzing the effect of ethambutol on retinal nerve fiber layer, retinal ganglion layer, inner cell plexiform layer thickness, optic nerve tissue, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), color perception, visual evoked response, and patients' visual field were included.
Data Extraction Method: Articles that met the inclusion criteria underwent a specific evaluation, whereby the main focus was the ethambutol on retinal and optic nerve tissue.
Results: The results showed that ethambutol affects the thinning of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL), decreasing the amount of Ganglion Cells and changing the optic nerve's histological function by damaging the mitochondria and axonal fiber.
Conclusion: It was concluded that ethambutol has adverse effects on retinal and optic nerve tissue due to several mechanisms and significantly affects the patient's visual outcome.
Geoelectrical and Geotechnical Investigations for Development of Superstructures at Nkpologwu Proposed Judiciary Site, Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Egwuonwu G. N. , Okwonna I. A. , Okpala P. K. 
Published: June 2022

Geophysical and Geotechnical surveys were integrally carried out at a proposed Judiciary site for civil development of superstructures in Nkpologwu, Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria. Nkpologwu falls within 7 ̊06̍ '40” E to 7 ̊08 ' 42” E longitudes and 5 ̊56' 76” N to 5 ̊57' 78” N latitudes at about 320 m above the mean sea level. The study is aimed at interpreting the lithology of the subsurface at shallow depths in order to accentuate the competence of soil formations at the foundation depths of the site. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data were acquired in the geophysical survey while various geotechnical tests were carried out to ascertain the bearing capacity of the site’s subsoil. The registered data from the VES survey were processed with WINGLET software hence, geoelectric models of at least four layers were obtained. Characterized by apparent resistivity values in the range of about 1524 to 96,561 Ωm. Geotechnical results showed values of 10.4% to 12.4% OMC, 1.95 to 2.01g/cm3 MDD, 30.0 to 39.0% CBR, 21.0 to 30.5% particle size distribution, <12% PI and <35% LL Atterberg limit for soil samples within foundation depths at the site. Combined interpretation of the surveys showed that at foundation depths at the site were predominantly sand, laterite and sandstones delineated and these were found to meet the required standard of the Federal Ministry of works and housing for construction of superstructures. Therefore, the study provides the knowledge of the lithology and soil competence at foundation depths for future civil construction works at the site.
Characteristics of flour plantain: use of fruit peels and ripening fruit stages
Authors: Ekafitri Riyanti , Kumalasari Rima , Suryani Yani , Sutisna Acahyadi Nana , Desnilasari Dewi , Indah Mayasti Nur Kartika 
Published: June 2022

Tanduk plantain cultivar is one of the famous banana types in Indonesia and can be processed into plantain flour. The use of peels in raw and ripe plantain affects the characteristics of the flour. This research evaluates changes in the physic-chemical properties (starch, amylose, dietary fiber, antioxidant activity, color), functional properties (WAI, OAI, SC, solubility, hygroscopicity), thermal, pasting, and crystalline properties, and also FTIR spectra affected by the ripening stage and peel use. Tanduk plantain flour is made in ripening stages 1, 4, and 6 through peeling and unpeeling processes. The higher the ripening stage, the lower the starch, amylose, and dietary fiber of plantain flour, yet its antioxidant activity increases. In terms of its pasting properties, the higher the ripening stage, the lower the value of plantain flour's peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and setback viscosity. Meanwhile, the unpeeled plantain flour has higher starch, amylose, dietary fiber, antioxidant activity, breakdown viscosity, and setback viscosity but lower TO and TP values. The Tanduk plantain flour in the ripening stages 1, 4, and 6 through the peeling and unpeeling process has the same crystalline properties (type C) and functional group in structure. The physicochemical, pasting, and crystalline properties of plantain flour at each ripening stage through the peeling or unpeeling process allow better selection depending on the industrial application.
Effect of ethanolic extracts from Agave potatorum Zucc. leaves in the mycelial growth of Pleurotus spp.
Authors: Castro Delia Soto , García Patricia Araceli Santiago , López Alfonso Vásquez , Heraz Florisela Sánchez , Mendoza Yanet Vargas , Hernández Rigoberto Gaitán 
Published: June 2022

Description or the subject. Agave potatorum Zucc. leaves make up the highest proportion of non-valued residue of the agave-mezcal process. Interest in their study lies in the presence of secondary metabolites with potential biological activity. Objectives. To evaluate the effect of a crude (CE) and fractionated extract of Agave leaves on mycelial growth of different strains of the genus Pleurotus. Method: The CE, obtained by maceration of A. potatorum leaves, was fractionated giving rise to ethyl acetate (AcOEt) and aqueous (Aq) fractions, in which a phytochemical screening was assessed. The effect in vitro of the CE and the AcOEt fraction on mycelial growth rate of Pleurotus sp. (12 days at 25 °C) was evaluated, whereas the CE and the Aq fraction were assessed for P. pulmonarius and P. djamor.
Results: The CE and the AcOEt fraction at 1 000 ppm increased the mycelium growth rate of Pleurotus sp. by 61 and 36 %, respectively, relative to the control. CE induced greater growth, significantly different from the control at 1 000 ppm, only on P. djamor, while the Aq fraction at 1 000 ppm was not significantly different from the control; and at 5 000 ppm growth in both strains was inhibited. Regardless of the concentration or the fraction assessed, mycelia showed higher density and more aerial growth than the control. Conclusions: The A. potatorum leaf extract contains secondary metabolites capable of accelerating radial growth of Pleurotus strains, which may lead to revaluing the leaves of this Agave.
Impact of Insecticide Seed Treatments on population dynamics of Euschistus heros (Fabr.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Rodrigues Thiago Ferreira , Silva Luciana Barboza , Rodrigues Raimundo Henrique Ferreira , Almeida Lorrana Francisca Oliveira , Silva Maria Carolina Farias e , Pavan Bruno Ettore , Alvares Ciro Humberto Almeida , Brito João Derckson Borges 
Published: June 2022

This study evaluated the effect of insecticides used in the treatment of soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merrill)] seeds on the population dynamics of Euschistus heros (Fabr.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), popularly known as the Neotropical brown stink bug. The experiment was conducted on 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 soybean crops in the experimental area of the Celeiro Seed Farm. Soybean seeds of the cultivar ‘TMG 132RR®’ were treated with the insecticides imidacloprid + thiodicarb, abamectin, fipronil and chlorantraniliprole. Two controls were used, the conventional cultivar ‘TMG 132RR®' and the transgenic cultivar 'M 8644IPRO®', both without insecticide treatments. Crop I (2015/2016) had an IAD (insects accumulated daily) 2.9 times greater than Crop II (2016/2017); however, treatment with insecticides did not affect the IAD. For Crop I, there was a population peak of E. heros at R5.5 (from 75 to 100% of the full grains), since the soybean treatment with imidacloprid + thiodicarb had 2 and 2.5 times more insects than the conventional and transgenic controls, respectively. For Crop II, there was no population peak of E. heros. The IAD showed significant negative correlations, by F test, with mass of 1,000 seeds - MTS (-0.44112 **) and productivity (-0.45895 **). After analyzing the results, it was verified that there was no residual effect of the insecticides on the population dynamics of E. heros during the cycles and under the conditions of the soybean crops studied.
Characterization of five Chilean agribusiness by-products and their potential use as food supplements
Authors: Gallardo Yaneris Mirabal- , Soriano Maria del Pilar Caramantin , Olate Verónica Rachel , Jofré Luis Guzmán , Pyarasani Radha D. , John Amalraj , Laurie Felipe 
Published: June 2022

Chilean agribusiness generates large quantities of by-products and they have been little studied. According to the literature they represent important sources of sugar, protein, lipid, micronutrient, fiber, and others that have a broad field of action. In this work, by-products (white and red grape seeds, peach stones, avocado seeds, olive pomace, and corn cob) of Chilean agribusiness are characterized chemically with a view to their functional and nutritional potential. They are analyzed following standardized methodology which revealed that by-products are found to be a suitable source of protein (0.59-10.00 % on DW), fiber (33.85-71.93 % on DW), lipid (0.61-14.4 % on DW)), organic matter (77.34-99.87 % on DW), inulin (8.3-33 mg fructose/g dry sample), and a wide range of essential metals. They are rich in K, Ca, and Mg. Moreover, they have very good antioxidant capacity (FRAP, and DPPH), and total phenolics and flavonoids contents. In conclusion, Chilean agribusiness by-products are attractive potential sources of food products, which could be used for nutritional purposes, and for the development of technologies.
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Ageratina neriifolia (B.L.Rob.)(Asteraeae) extracts from Mérida-Venezuela
Authors: Ustáriz María Eugenia Lucena de , Fajardo Francisco Javier Ustáriz , Briceño Karina Meza , Fermín Luís Beltrán Rojas- , Carrero Verónica Soto , Rojas Yndra Elena Cordero de , Rodríguez Silvia Hipatia Torres , Lucena Javier Ernesto Ustáriz 
Published: June 2022

This work's main objective was to chemically characterize and determine the antibacterial activity of the extracts from fresh leaves of Ageratina neriifolia (Asteraceae) collected at the La Culata area in the State of Mérida in Venezuela. The extracts obtained via cold maceration with hexane and dichloromethane were concentrated under reduced pressure on a rotary evaporator and later analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The identification of the components was carried out by comparison of their mass spectra. The evaluation of the extracts' antibacterial activity was carried out employing the agar-disk diffusion test against gram-positive and gram-negative strains. Sixteen (16) compounds were identified in each extract, corresponding to 75.03% (hexane) and 68.32% (dichloromethane) of the total of isolated compounds. The main components in the hexane and dichloromethane extracts were kaureno-19-acetate (24.48% and 18.41%, respectively) and kaurenol (10.46% and 11.22%, respectively). The results showed that the hexane extract showed not to be soluble in dimethylsulfoxide, so it was not possible to determine the antibacterial activity under the experimental conditions established in the study. While, the dichloromethane extract exhibited activity against the gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and against the gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomona aeruginosa), at a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 156, 625, and 2.500 µg / mL, respectively. Results that show the antibacterial activity of Ageratina neriifolia hexane extract against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, unlike that previously described for other species of the genus Ageratina.
Drip fertigation improves seed cotton yield, water productivity and profitability of cotton raised under high density planting system in semi-arid environment
Authors: Singh Kulvir , Rathore Pankaj , Brar Ajmer Singh , Mishra Sudhir Kumar 
Published: June 2022

The wasteful system of flood irrigation being widely practiced for cotton production in India needs replacement by efficient irrigation systems for conserving water. Cotton productivity can be boosted by optimizing the nutrient and water application through modern resource conservation techniques. Therefore, a field experiment has been conducted during summer (Kharif) season of year 2016 and 2017 to investigate consequence of surface drip irrigation along with N fertilization on the growth and seed cotton yield (SCY) under recently introduced high density planting system (HDPS) in India. The experiment having combinations of 3 drip irrigation {60, 80 and 100% of crop evapo-transpiration (ETc)} and 3 N fertigation levels {125 (94 kg N), 100 (75 kg N) and 75% (56 kg N) of recommended N dose (RDN)} along with control (i.e. conventional practice of irrigation through surface flood and soil broadcasting of urea as 100% RDN i.e., 75 kg N ha-1) has been conducted in complete randomized block design replicated thrice. Drip irrigation scheduled at 0.8 ETc recorded 2.5 and 23.2% higher SCY (2509 kg ha-1) than 1.0 ETc and 0.6 ETc, respectively. Among N levels, highest SCY (2452 kg) was observed with 75 kg N application, whereas 56 kg N ha-1 recorded least. A combination of drip fertigation at 0.8 ETc and 100% RDN elucidated 11.6, 61.5, 13.9 %, and 42.9 % higher SCY, water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency and benefit: cost ratio than control, respectively. Drip fertigation at 1.0 ETc along with 100% RDN improved SCY by 7.3% over control.