bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially Heterogeneous Tubular Scaffolds for In Situ Heart Valve Tissue Engineering Using Melt Electrowriting
Authors: Saidy Navid Toosi , Fernández‐Colino Alicia , Heidari Behzad Shiroud , Kent Ross , Vernon Michael , Bas Onur , Mulderrig Shane , Lubig Andreas , Rodríguez‐Cabello José Carlos , Doyle Barry , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , De‐Juan‐Pardo Elena M. , Mela Petra 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHeart valve tissue engineering (HVTE) aims to provide living autologous heart valve implants endowed with regenerative capabilities and life‐long durability. However, fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds capable of providing the required functionality in terms of mechanical performance and tunable porosity to enable cellular infiltration remains a major challenge. Here, the additive manufacturing of bioinspired, spatially heterogeneous, tubular scaffolds enclosing the leaflets, inter‐leaflet triangles, and their interface for in situ HVTE using melt electrowriting (MEW) is demonstrated. The innovative platform enables the digital fabrication of scaffolds with ad hoc architecture (e.g., tunable location, specific fiber pattern, and orientation) and customizable geometry via a custom‐made control software. The user‐friendly interface allows for the definition of areas of the scaffold with specific patterns to obtain properties such as tunable J‐shaped stress–stain curve and anisotropy typical of the heart valve leaflet, compliant inter‐leaflet triangles, and reinforced curvilinear boundary between them. Heterogeneous, tubular, heart valve MEW scaffolds are then embedded with a microporous elastin‐like recombinamer (ELR) hydrogel to develop a soft‐network composite favoring cell infiltration and ensuring hemocompatibility. The acute systolic hemodynamic functionality of the MEW/ELR composite satisfies the ISO 5840 requirements, under aortic and pulmonary conditions.
Highly Transparent, Colorless Optical Film with Outstanding Mechanical Strength and Folding Reliability Using Mismatched Charge‐Transfer Complex Intensification
Authors: Ahn Chanjae , Kim Tae Yong , Hong Pyong Hwa , Choi Sungwon , Lee Yea‐Jin , Kwon Hanui , Jeon Hyeryeon , Ko Dong Won , Park In , Han Haksoo , Hong Sung Woo 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe development of flexible displays and electronics is hindered by the disadvantages of polymeric window films, such as low mechanical strength, poor optical properties, and lack of folding and rolling reliability. To overcome these critical limitations, a novel colorless polyimide window film is prepared in this study using the concept of charge‐transfer complex (CTC) intensification. The resulting window film has a tensile modulus of 8.4 GPa, total transmittance of ≈90%, and yellow index below 3, which is the best recorded balance between mechanical strength and optical properties for a highly flexible optical film. Unlike commercially available optical‐grade engineering plastic films and glass substrates, the prepared window film has both pencil hardness grade over 2H and folding reliability over 200 000 folding/unfolding cycles. These remarkable properties are attributed to the unique supramolecular structure with multiple hydrogen bonding and salt complexation interactions, which exhibits CTC intensification. The CTC intensification mechanism is also proposed in this study.
2D Cairo Pentagonal PdPS: Air‐Stable Anisotropic Ternary Semiconductor with High Optoelectronic Performance
Authors: Duan Ruihuan , He Yanchao , Zhu Chao , Wang Xiaowei , Zhu Chao , Zhao Xiaoxu , Zhang Zhonghan , Zeng Qingsheng , Deng Ya , Xu Manzhang , Liu Zheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractPentagonal 2D materials as a new member in the 2D material family have attracted increasing attention due to the exotic physical properties originating from the unique Cairo pentagonal tiling topology. Herein, the penta‐PdPS atomic layers as a new air‐stable 2D semiconductor with the unique puckered pentagonal low‐symmetry structure are successfully exfoliated from bulk crystals grown via chemical vapor transport (CVT). Notably, 2D penta‐PdPS exhibits outstanding electronic and optoelectronic performance under 650 nm laser: high electron mobility of ≈208 cm2 V−1 s−1, an ultrahigh on/off ratio of ≈108, a high photoresponsivity of 5.2 × 104 A W−1, a high photogain of 1.0 × 105, an ultrahigh detectivity of 1.0 × 1013 Jones, respectively. Significantly, the exceptional puckered pentagonal atomic structure of 2D PdPS makes it strong in‐plane anisotropy in optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties, demonstrating a sizeable anisotropic ratio of carrier mobility and photocurrent with the value of up to 3.9 and 2.3, respectively. These excellent properties make 2D Cairo Pentagonal PdPS a potential candidate in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, polarized‐nanoelectronics, which will significantly promote the development of 2D materials.
Auxetic Meta‐Display: Stretchable Display without Image Distortion
Authors: Jang Bongkyun , Won Sejeong , Kim Jaegu , Kim Juho , Oh Minsub , Lee Hak‐Joo , Kim Jae‐Hyun 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMechanical metamaterials possess unusual mechanical properties that cannot be found in nature. Auxetic metamaterials have negative Poisson's ratios and tend to expand in a direction perpendicular to the axial extension direction. When the Poisson's ratio of a display circuit board is forced to be −1 by adopting an auxetic metamaterial, a display can be stretchable without image distortion, and this display is called a meta‐display in this study. The critical obstacles to implementing a stretchable display are large stretchability, high deformation uniformity, and low image distortion. The meta‐display overcomes these obstacles by incorporating micro‐LEDs and a kirigami‐based auxetic circuit board. An auxetic meta‐display with a stretchability of 24.5%, Poisson's ratio of −1, and no image distortion under uniaxial stretching is demonstrated. Finally, the roll transfer process enabled the scaling‐up of a 3‐inch meta‐display attachable to surfaces with non‐zero Gaussian curvatures. This conformity to the non‐zero Gaussian curvature helps realize biomedical applications such as wearable display, phototherapy, and skincare.
Activating Energy Transfer Tunnels by Tuning Local Electronegativity of Conjugated Polymeric Backbone for High‐Efficiency OLEDs with Low Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Zhao Zhennan , Liu Yuchao , Hua Lei , Yan Shouke , Ren Zhongjie 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) conjugated polymers are attractive for display and illumination applications owing to their excellent device performance and convenient device fabrication. However, conjugated polymers frequently encounter insufficient energy transfer from hosts to TADF units, lowering device performance. Herein, a strategy for improving light‐emitting performances through adjusting the local electronegativity of the polymeric backbones by inserting electron‐withdrawing atoms and activating energy transmission channels is proposed. Meanwhile, strongly electronegative atoms also affect the charge‐transfer natures (CT) of TADF polymers and minimize the energy difference between the lowest singlet and triplet states, leading to a rapid reverse intersystem crossing process through the vibronic coupling between 1CT and 3CT with extremely close energy levels. The produced TADF polymer, pBP‐PXZ, can achieve an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.11%, exhibiting no roll‐off when the luminance is less than 200 cd m−2 whereas only a 3% EQE decrease at 500 cd m−2. The EQE can even maintain above 19% under 1000 cd m−2, which is the highest efficiency among TADF polymer‐based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) under high luminance. The study provides a new perspective for designing high‐performance OLEDs materials.
All‐Flexible Artificial Reflex Arc Based on Threshold‐Switching Memristor
Authors: Wang Depeng , Zhao Shufang , Li Linlin , Wang Lili , Cui Shaowei , Wang Shuo , Lou Zheng , Shen Guozhen 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe simulation of human feelings, perceptions, and actions has become an important application field for medical treatment, human–computer interfaces, and intelligent robots. However, the need for various functional units hinders system integration. A threshold‐switching memristor is used as the sympathetic nerve center to simulate an unconditioned reflex. High current nonlinearity (106) is achieved by adopting a nanocontact structure, and high flexibility (bending radius of ≈5 mm) is obtained by combining the structure with a flexible polymer film. Furthermore, integrating a flexible sensor and a flexible artificial muscle made of ionic polymer–metal composite allows to form an all‐flexible complete reflex arc of an unconditioned reflex. The threshold‐switching memristor can provide strain‐dependent control through simple control logic, indicating the great potential of adopting threshold‐switching memristors for primary neuromorphological control and flexible intelligent medical treatment.
Neurotransmitter‐Induced Excitatory and Inhibitory Functions in Artificial Synapses
Authors: Kim Dongshin , Lee Jang‐Sik 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNeurotransmitters control signal transmission in the nervous system. The signals of neuron cells can be excited or inhibited based on the types of neurotransmitters that are released from pre‐synaptic neurons. The balance of the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic responses has important implications for the versatility, plasticity, and parallel computing characteristics of the nervous system. Emulating the excitatory–inhibitory balancing characteristics is one way to establish the versatility and plasticity characteristics of the brain. In this study, the authors develop artificial synapses to emulate the excitatory and inhibitory functions of biological synapses using electrochemical reactions between the channel and neurotransmitter solutions. The devices show excitatory and inhibitory characteristics depending on types of neurotransmitter solutions. The interaction between these two types of synaptic responses is employed for emulating the excitatory–inhibitory balance characteristics. The devices emulate the multifunctional characteristics of biological synapses, resulting in their potential for use in bio‐realistic neuromorphic devices.
High‐Performance Microsized Si Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Insights into the Polymer Configuration Conversion Mechanism
Authors: Wang Qiyu , Zhu Meng , Chen Guorong , Dudko Natalia , Li Yan , Liu Hongjiang , Shi Liyi , Wu Gang , Zhang Dengsong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicrosized silicon particles are desirable Si anodes because of their low price and abundant sources. However, it is challenging to achieve stable electrochemical performances using a traditional microsized silicon anode due to the poor electrical conductivity, serious volume expansion, and unstable solid electrolyte interface. Herein, a composite microsized Si anode is designed and synthesized by constructing a unique polymer, poly(hexaazatrinaphthalene) (PHATN), at a Si/C surface (PCSi). The Li+ transport mechanism of the PCSi is elucidated by using in situ characterization and theoretical simulation. During the lithiation of the PCSi anode, CN groups with high electron density in the PHATN first coordinate Li+ to form CNLi bonds on both sides of the PHATN molecule plane. Consequently, the original benzene rings in the PHATN become active centers to accept lithium and form stable Li‐rich PHATN coatings. PHATN molecules expand due to the change of molecular configuration during the consecutive lithiation process, which provides controllable space for the volume expansion of the Si particles. The PCSi composite anode exhibits a specific capacity of 1129.6 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1, and exhibits compelling rate performance, maintaining 417.9 mAh g−1 at 16.5 A g−1.
Phase‐Reconfiguration‐Induced NiS/NiFe2O4 Composite for Performance‐Enhanced Zinc−Air Batteries
Authors: Shao Zhiyu , Zhu Qian , Sun Yu , Zhang Yuan , Jiang Yilan , Deng Shiqing , Zhang Wei , Huang Keke , Feng Shouhua 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConstructing composite structures is an essential approach for obtaining multiple functionalities in a single entity. Available synthesis methods of the composites need to be urgently exploited; especially in situ construction. Here, a NiS/NiFe2O4 composite through a local metal−S coordination at the interface is reported, which is derived from phase reconstruction in the highly defective matrix. X‐ray absorption fine structure confirms that long‐range order is broken via the local metal−S coordination and, by using electron energy loss spectroscopy, the introduction of NiS/NiFe2O4 interfaces during the irradiation of plasma energy is identified. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that in situ phase reconfiguration is crucial for synergistically reducing energetic barriers and accelerating reaction kinetics toward catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). As a result; it leads to an overpotential of 230 mV @10 mA cm−2 for the OER and a half‐wave potential of 0.81 V for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR); as well as an excellent zinc−air battery (ZAB) performance with a power density of 148.5 mW cm−2. This work provides a new compositing strategy in terms of fast phase reconstruction of bifunctional catalysts.
Highly Conducting and Stretchable Double‐Network Hydrogel for Soft Bioelectronics
Authors: Li Gang , Huang Kaixi , Deng Jue , Guo Mengxue , Cai Minkun , Zhang Yuan , Guo Chuan Fei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractConducting polymer hydrogels are promising materials in soft bioelectronics because of their tissue‐like mechanical properties and the capability of electrical interaction with tissues. However, it is challenging to balance electrical conductivity and mechanical stretchability: pure conducting polymer hydrogels are highly conductive, but they are brittle; while incorporating the conducting network with a soft network to form a double network can improve the stretchability, its electrical conductivity significantly decreases. Here, the problem is addressed by concentrating a poorly crosslinked precursor hydrogel with a high content ratio of the conducting polymer to achieve a densified double‐network hydrogel (5.5 wt% conducting polymer), exhibiting both high electrical conductivity (≈10 S cm–1) and a large fracture strain (≈150%), in addition to high biocompatibility, tissue‐like softness, low swelling ratio, and desired electrochemical properties for bioelectronics. A surface grafting method is further used to form an adhesive layer on the conducting hydrogel, enabling robust and rapid bonding on the tissues. Furthermore, the proposed hydrogel is applied to show high‐quality physiological signal recording and reliable, low‐voltage electrical stimulation based on an in vivo rat model. This method provides an ideal strategy for rapid and reliable tissue‐device integration with high‐quality electrical communications.
3D‐Printed SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA Genosensing Microfluidic System
Authors: Crevillen Agustín G. , Mayorga‐Martinez Carmen C. , Vaghasiya Jayraj V. , Pumera Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAdditive manufacturing technology, referred as 3D printing technology, is a growing research field with broad applications from nanosensors fabrication to 3D printing of buildings. Nowadays, the world is dealing with a pandemic and requires the use of simple sensing systems. Here, the strengths of fast screening by a lab‐on‐a‐chip device through electrochemical detection using 3D printing technology for SARS‐CoV‐2 sensing are combined. This system comprises a PDMS microfluidic channel integrated with an electrochemical cell fully 3D‐printed by a 3D printing pen (3D‐PP). The 3D‐PP genosensor is modified with an ssDNA probe that targeted the N gene sequence of SARS‐CoV‐2. The sensing mechanism relies on the electro‐oxidation of adenines present in ssDNA when in contact with SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA. The hybridization between ssDNA and target RNA takes a place and ssDNA is desorbed from the genosensor surface, causing a decrease of the sensor signal. The developed SARS‐CoV‐2/3D‐PP genosensor shows high sensitivity and fast response.
Dictating Phenotype, Function, and Fate of Human T Cells with Co‐Stimulatory Antibodies Presented by Filamentous Immune Cell Mimics
Authors: Schluck Marjolein , Eggermont Loek J. , Weiden Jorieke , Popelier Carlijn , Weiss Lea , Pilzecker Bas , Kolder Sigrid , Heinemans Anne , Rodriguez Mogeda Carla , Verdoes Martijn , Figdor Carl G. , Hammink Roel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractT cells require a co‐stimulatory signal in addition to T‐cell receptor (TCR) stimulation to achieve full activation. While most studies focus on the co‐stimulatory receptor CD28, little is known about the role of the other co‐stimulatory receptors in T‐cell signaling. A deeper understanding of how co‐stimulatory receptor signaling cooperates with TCR signaling could improve the ability to control T‐cell function and benefit the design of T‐cell based immunotherapies. Artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) enable tight control over the signals given to T cells. In this study, filamentous polyisocyanopeptide (PIC) polymers (immunofilaments) are used as nanosized aAPCs to study the role of the engagement of six distinct co‐stimulatory molecules on human T‐cell phenotype, function, and fate in the context of TCR signaling. The immunofilaments highlight important roles for CD28 and CD2 signaling in T‐cell priming, proliferation, cytokine production, and multifunctionality. Taken together, this work provides insight into the role of combined TCR and co‐stimulation on T‐cell phenotype, function, and fate using immunofilaments. Notably, the findings on the roles of co‐stimulatory molecule function can be used for the rational design of future cancer immunotherapies.
Outside‐In Nanostructure Fabricated on LiCoO2 Surface for High‐Voltage Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Mao Shulan , Shen Zeyu , Zhang Weidong , Wu Qian , Wang Zhuoya , Lu Yingying 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe energy density of batteries with lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) can be maximized by increasing the cut‐off voltage to approach the theoretical capacity limit. However, it is not realized in the practical applications due to the restricted cycle life caused by vulnerable cathode surface in deep delithiation state, where severe side reactions, oxygen/cobalt loss and structure degradation often happen. Here, an outside‐in oriented nanostructure on LiCoO2 crystals is fabricated. The outer electrochemically stable LiF and Li2CoTi3O8 particles perform as physical barrier to prevent damage of both cathodes and electrolytes, while the inner F doping promote Li ions diffusivity and stabilize the lattice oxygen. With the spinel‐like transition layer between them, a solid and complete lithium‐ion transport channel generation along the lithium concentration gradient. Under the protection from this structure, the LiCoO2 withstand the high voltage of 4.6 V and the LCO/graphite pouch full cell with high loading density exhibits 81.52% energy density retention after 135 cycles at 4.5 V.
Fusobacterium nucleatum Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell to Acquire Stem Cell‐Like Features by Manipulating Lipid Droplet‐Mediated Numb Degradation
Authors: Liu Haiyang , Du Junfeng , Chao Shanshan , Li Shuoguo , Cai Huiyun , Zhang Hongjie , Chen Gang , Liu Pingsheng , Bu Pengcheng 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFusobacterium nucleatum is a critical microbe that contributes to colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance. However, whether and how F. nucleatum regulates colorectal cancer stem‐like cells (CCSCs) remains unknown. Here, the authors show that F. nucleatum promotes CCSC self‐renewal, and non‐CCSCs to acquire CCSC features by manipulating cellular lipid accumulation. F. nucleatum infection decreases lipid accumulation in CCSCs by enhancing fatty acid oxidation, thus promoting CCSC self‐renewal. In contrast, F. nucleatum increases lipid accumulation in non‐CCSCs by promoting fatty acid formation. Lipids are deposited as lipid droplets, which recruits Numb, a key cell fate regulator, through the AP2A/ACSL3 complex, and MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, though VCP and UBXD8. On lipid droplets, Numb is degraded by MDM2, activating Notch signaling, thus promoting gain of stem‐like cell features. Their findings demonstrate that F. nucleatum directly manipulates colorectal cancer cell fate and reveal the mechanism of lipid droplet‐mediated Numb degradation for activating Notch signaling.
Two cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults after improvement in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Nonaka Tatsuki , Bunya Naofumi , Nakayama Ryuichi , Hagiwara Junya , Uemura Shuji , Harada Keisuke , Narimatsu Eichi 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundMultisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS‐A) is a postacute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) syndrome occurring weeks after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Although this hyperinflammatory syndrome causes significant morbidity, mortality is low. Reports of MIS‐A following acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection have rarely been reported. We describe two cases of MIS‐A that developed after recovery from critical acute COVID‐19.Case PresentationWe present two cases of MIS‐A. In both cases, approximately 4 weeks after the onset of COVID‐19, the patients developed gastrointestinal disorders, complicated by other organ damage, and died.ConclusionARDS and MIS‐A can occur in a patient with COVID‐19 at different times of onset. Clinicians should consider MIS‐A when unexplained multisystemic abnormalities are noted after the treatment of ARDS due to COVID‐19.
Immunological Predictors of Dimethyl Fumarate‐Induced Lymphopenia
Authors: Diebold Martin , Galli Edoardo , Kopf Andreas , Sanderson Nicholas , Callegari Ilaria , Ingelfinger Florian , Núñez Nicolás Gonzalo , Benkert Pascal , Kappos Ludwig , Kuhle Jens , Becher Burkhard , Claassen Manfred , Derfuss Tobias 
Published: February 2022

Treatment with dimethyl fumarate (DMF) leads to lymphopenia and infectious complications in a subset of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we aimed to reveal immune markers of DMF‐associated lymphopenia. This prospective observational study longitudinally assessed 31 individuals with MS by single‐cell mass cytometry before and after 12 and 48 weeks of DMF therapy. Employing a neural network‐based representation learning approach, we identified a CCR4‐expressing T helper cell population negatively associated with relevant lymphopenia. CCR4‐expressing T helper cells represent a candidate prognostic biomarker for the development of relevant lymphopenia in patients undergoing DMF treatment. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:676–681
An Isolable Vinylidene ortho‐Quinone Methide: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity
Authors: Liu Hong , Li Kai , Huang Shengli , Yan Hailong 
Published: February 2022

AbstractCommonly, an elusive intermediate is generated from a precursor and then trapped and consumed in a reaction. Vinylidene ortho‐quinone methides (VQMs) have been demonstrated as transient axially chiral intermediates in asymmetric catalysis due to their orthogonal π‐bonds forming an allene motif. The current understanding of VQMs is primarily based on time‐resolved absorption, trapping experiments and computational studies. Herein, we report the first isolation and comprehensive characterization of a VQM, including crystallographic analysis. The disturbed aromaticity of the VQM led to its high reactivity as an electrophile or a 4π‐component capable of asymmetric dearomatization of an electron‐deficient phenyl group. Notably, the VQM could be isolated in enantiomerically enriched form, and the subsequent transformation was stereospecific, indicating that the generation of the VQM was involved in the enantiodetermining step. This study paves the way for the direct application of VQMs as starting materials.