bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Countering elevated CO2 induced Fe and Zn reduction in Arabidopsis seeds
Authors: Sun Peng , Isner Jean‐Charles , Coupel‐Ledru Aude , Zhang Qi , Pridgeon Ashley J. , He Yaqian , Menguer Paloma K. , Miller Anthony J. , Sanders Dale , Mcgrath Steve P. , Noothong Fonthip , Liang Yun‐Kuan , Hetherington Alistair M. 
Published: May 2022

Summary

Growth at increased concentrations of CO2 induces a reduction in seed zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). Using Arabidopsis thaliana, we investigated whether this could be mitigated by reducing the elevated CO2‐induced decrease in transpiration.

We used an infrared imaging‐based screen to isolate mutants in At1g08080 that encodes ALPHA CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 7 (ACA7). aca7 mutant alleles display wild‐type (WT) responses to abscisic acid (ABA) and light but are compromised in their response to elevated CO2.

ACA7 is expressed in guard cells. When aca7 mutants are grown at 1000 ppm CO2 they exhibit higher transpiration and higher seed Fe and Zn content than WT grown under the same conditions.

Our data show that by increasing transpiration it is possible to partially mitigate the reduction in seed Fe and Zn content when Arabidopsis is grown at elevated CO2.
Lipschutz ulcers in a 4‐month‐old girl
Authors: Sindhuja Tekumalla , Khaitan Binod K. , Agarwal Shipra , Agarwala Sandeep , Bhari Neetu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLipschutz ulcers, or non‐sexually acquired genital ulcers, typically occur in older children and young adults. A diagnosis of Lipschutz ulcers can only be made after excluding common infectious and non‐infectious causes of mucosal ulcers. Herein, we present the case of a 4‐month‐old girl with painful ulceration of the labia consistent with Lipschutz ulcers.
Dual treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with topical amphotericin B and photodynamic therapy in a pediatric patient
Authors: Knapp Calvin , Vaz Louise , Onoday Heather , Small Alison 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection that can result in scarring, contributing to significant morbidity when a cosmetically sensitive area is involved. We report a case of a 13‐year‐old boy with cutaneous leishmaniasis involving the face and arm. He was treated with a combination of photodynamic therapy as well as topical amphotericin with a cosmetically satisfying outcome. This combination of noninvasive treatment regimens has not been reported to our knowledge and merits further study in the pediatric population.
Peace by peaceful means: Responding to aggression creatively and nonviolently
Authors: Clements Kevin P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article elaborates a range of non violent pacifist responses to the invasion of Ukraine and resistance to the development of a new cold war between the East and the West. It focuses attention on the relief of suffering; diverse forms of non violent resistance and the creation of ripe conditions for a ceasefire and a negotiated settlement. It argues for a more vigorous multilateralism and an end to competition between the United States and Russia over which country is to dominate the global order in the 21st century.
From right or wrong to true or false: Moral and epistemic framing in debates over cannabis policy reformulation
Authors: Lévesque Gabriel 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCannabis legalization is often referred to as a moral issue. However, given the limits of morality policy as a distinct policy subcategory and the contemporary dominance of technocratic politics, one could wonder if it is really framed as such within political institutions. In this article, I ask how moral frames compete and interact with other frames in debates over morality policy. Working with a moral/epistemic dichotomy, I conduct framing analysis on parliamentary debates in Quebec, Ontario, and Maine, which have recently reformulated their cannabis policy. Although trends in framing vary across cases, moral frames are consistently less salient than epistemic frames. Furthermore, a pattern of complementary framing is found, whereby actors combine moral and epistemic frames. Overall, this study shows that cannabis policy is often framed as nonmoral, and that its moral component is nonexclusive. I conclude by discussing some implications of these findings in the post‐legalization landscape.Related ArticlesBranton, Regina, and Ronald J. McGauvran. 2018. “Mary Jane Rocks the Vote: The Impact of Climate Context on Support for Cannabis Initiatives.” Politics & Policy 46(2): 209–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12248.Brekken, Katheryn C., and Vanessa M. Fenley. 2021. “Part of the Narrative: Generic News Frames in the U.S. Recreational Marijuana Policy Subsystem.” Politics & Policy 49(1): 6–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12388.Fisk, Jonathan M., Joseph A. Vonasek, and Elvis Davis. 2018. “‘Pot’Reneurial Politics: The Budgetary Highs and Lows of Recreational Marijuana Policy Innovation.” Politics & Policy 46(2): 189–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12246.
Admission hypocalcemia in pediatric major trauma patients—An uncommon phenomenon associated with an increased need for urgent blood transfusion
Authors: Epstein Danny , Ben Lulu Hen , Raz Aeyal , Bahouth Hany 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundHemorrhage is a leading cause of death among children. Recent data from adult trauma suggests that early, transfusion‐unrelated, hypocalcemia is common and that it is associated with an increased need for blood transfusion, mortality, and coagulopathy. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the prevalence of admission hypocalcemia in severely injured children and its correlation with urgent blood transfusion.Study Design and MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of all severely injured (Injury Severity Score [ISS] > 15) pediatric (<18 years) trauma patients admitted to Rambam Health Care Campus, Israel between 2012 and 2020. We excluded patients transferred from other facilities and those who received blood before determining calcium levels. Severe hypocalcemia was defined as ionized calcium (Ca++) < 1.0 mmol/L and mild hypocalcemia as 1.0 mmol/L ≤ Ca++ < 1.1 mmol/L. The primary outcome was urgent blood transfusion (transfusion in the emergency department [ED]).ResultsSix hundred seventy‐three severely injured children were admitted from the field. Ca++ levels were determined before blood transfusion in 457 patients. Severe hypocalcemia was found in three patients (0.7%) and mild hypocalcemia in additional 21 patients (4.6%). Hypocalcemic patients required more urgent blood transfusion (29.2% vs. 6.5%, p < .001) and had higher ISS (29 [interquartile range, IQR: 22–35] vs. 25 [IQR: 19–34], p = .05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified Ca++ < 1.1 mmol/L as an independent predictor of the need for blood transfusion, odds ratio 5.44 (95% confidence interval 1.44–20.58), p = .01.DiscussionContrary to adults, admission hypocalcemia is uncommon in severely injured children. However, it may be associated with an increased risk of blood transfusion in the ED.
Patterns and determinants of blood transfusion in intensive care in Sweden between 2010 and 2018: A nationwide, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Holmqvist Jacob , Brynolf Anne , Zhao Jingcheng , Halmin Märit , Hollenberg Jacob , Mårtensson Johan , Bell Max , Block Linda , Edgren Gustaf 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care unit (ICU) patients are transfused with blood products for a number of reasons, from massive ongoing hemorrhage, to mild anemia following blood sampling, combined with bone marrow depression due to critical illness. There's a paucity of data on transfusions in ICUs and most studies are based on audits or surveys. The aim of this study was to provide a complete picture of ICU‐related transfusions in Sweden.MethodsWe conducted a register based retrospective cohort study with data on all adult patient admissions from 82 of 84 Swedish ICUs between 2010 and 2018, as recorded in the Swedish Intensive Care Register. Transfusions were obtained from the SCANDAT‐3 database. Descriptive statistics were computed, characterizing transfused and nontransfused patients. The distribution of blood use comparing different ICUs was investigated by computing the observed proportion of ICU stays with a transfusion, as well as the expected proportion.ResultsIn 330,938 ICU episodes analyzed, at least one transfusion was administered for 106,062 (32%). For both red‐cell units and plasma, the fraction of patients who were transfused decreased during the study period from 31.3% in 2010 to 24.6% in 2018 for red‐cells, and from 16.6% in 2010 to 9.4% in 2018 for plasma. After adjusting for a range of factors, substantial variation in transfusion frequency remained, especially for plasma units.ConclusionDespite continuous decreases in utilization, transfusions remain common among Swedish ICU patients. There is considerable unexplained variation in transfusion rates. More research is needed to establish stronger critiera for when to transfuse ICU patients.
COVID‐19, services trade and greenfield investment in ASEAN+6
Authors: Shingal Anirudh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGiven the importance of services for economic activity in general and the salience of reducing service link costs for overcoming the economic and health challenges emanating from COVID‐19, we examine the effect of the pandemic on services trade in the original group of ASEAN+6 countries that began negotiating the RCEP agreement. Stylised facts show that ASEAN+6 commercial services’ exports and imports declined by 19.7% and 22.1%, respectively, on a YoY basis during 2020, with considerable heterogeneity across countries and sectors. ASEAN+6 announced greenfield investment in services also fell by a third during 2020, with the intra‐ASEAN+6 decline being more severe at 41.8%. Meanwhile, structural gravity estimates suggest that the stringency of containment measures imposed in the wake of the pandemic may have reduced ASEAN+6 services exports by 61.6%.
Tobacco industry pricing strategies for single cigarettes and multistick packs after excise tax increases in Colombia
Authors: Sheikh Zaineb Danish , Branston J Robert , Llorente Blanca Amalia , Maldonado Norman , Gilmore Anna B 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionTaxes on tobacco products are an efficient way of reducing consumption. However, they are only effective if passed on to consumers with higher prices. This study aims to examine tobacco industry (TI) pricing strategies in response to tax increases, and whether they differ by price segments or presentation (packs or individual sticks) in Colombia. This is the first such academic study in Latin America and the first anywhere to include the market for single sticks.MethodsUsing data on cigarette pricing/taxation from a survey of smokers (2016–2017) and official government data on pricing (2007–2019), the TI’s pricing strategies were examined, split by brand, price segments, different sized packs and single cigarettes.ResultsThe TI employed targeted pricing strategies in Colombia: differentially shifting taxes; and launching new brands/brand variants. The industry overshifted taxes when increases were smaller and predictable, but used undershifting more when there was a larger increase in 2017, after which it mostly overshifted on budget and premium (but undershifted mid-priced) brands. The prices for single sticks increased more than the tax increase in 2017 when their consumption also increased.ConclusionThe pricing strategies identified suggest excise taxes can be increased further, particularly the specific component, to reduce the price gap between brand segments. Brands should be restricted to a single variant along with prohibitions on launching new brands/brand variants. Lastly, since the pricing of single sticks does not match the pattern of packs, more monitoring of their sales and distribution is required, especially since they promote consumption and hinder effective implementation of tobacco tax policies.
Responses of the rhizosphere microbiome to long-term nitrogen addition in a boreal forest
Authors: Fu Yulei , Yan Guoyong , Liu Guancheng , Huang Binbin , Sun Xingyu , Wang Xiaochun , Xing Yajuan , Wang Qinggui 
Published: May 2022

As the interface between plants and soil, the response of the rhizosphere to nitrogen deposition is particularly important. The rhizosphere responses to nitrogen deposition are not consistent. Here, four levels of nitrogen addition treatments were applied in boreal forests of China for 8 years: control, low nitrogen, medium nitrogen, and high nitrogen. We analyzed the soil properties and microbial communities of rhizosphere and bulk soils under different nitrogen application levels and assessed the relationship between the main species and environmental factors. The results showed that long-term nitrogen addition significantly reduced the content of total carbon in the soil and increased the soil microbial biomass nitrogen in the rhizosphere. The total carbon content in the rhizosphere under high nitrogen was 40.79 g·kg−1, which was significantly lower than that in the control (51.82 g·kg−1). The diversity of the rhizosphere and bulk soil fungal communities had different significant responses to nitrogen addition. Some specific microbial taxa could be used as rhizosphere bacterial biomarkers under different nitrogen treatments. The soil microbial biomass nitrogen was the significant environmental variable affecting bacterial species variation in the rhizosphere. Nitrogen addition will change the diversity of the rhizosphere microbial community by changing soil microenvironmental factors.
IMPLICATIONS OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY ON POLICY-MAKING
Authors: YAP TSUE ING , BORHAN AMEERA DAYANA 
Published: May 2022

Digitalization has led to fundamental changes in the way people behave and live, and the way organizations, societies and nations operate. Although digitalization has brought about enormous benefits in general, it has also made the work of policymakers ever more challenging. A key responsibility of policymakers is consumer protection and this task is made ever more complicated with issues of data privacy and data ownership since many institutions and companies are now able to gather granular consumer data over transactions and the Internet of Things (IoT). For effective policy-making, policymakers need the right data and information. This is no longer straightforward with issues of valuation and measurement — how does one measure digitalization and its outputs, particularly with some new-age products and services being free and are readily available? Moreover, digitalization has brought with it wide-ranging implications for the labor market (such as with the rise of gig economy), education, tax laws, economic policies and financial stability, which force policymakers to continuously keep abreast on emerging technological trends and to ensure their policies are up-to-date. This paper attempts to analyze various literature studies and draw some insights on issues that policymakers need to be mindful of in the digital age. Some potential recommendations will be tabled for discussion and further research.
Optical Property Stability of Light-Cured versus Precured CAD-CAM Composites
Authors: Andrade A. C. M. , Borges A. B. , Kukulka E. C. , Moecke S. E. , Scotti N. , Comba A. , Pucci C. R. , Torres C. R. G. 
Published: May 2022

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the optical property changes after staining of precured (PC) and light-cured (LC) composites. Materials and Methods. Specimens were prepared using different LC composites (GrandioSO—Voco, Filtek Z350-3M/ESPE, Opallis—FGM, and Kalore—GC) and four PC blocks (Grandio Blocs—Voco, Lava Ultimate—3M ESPE, Brava Block—FGM, and Cerasmart—GC) from the same manufacturers (n = 20). Baseline color, gloss, translucency, and fluorescence were evaluated. The staining protocol was performed for 15 days, and the final optical properties were reevaluated. Results. The changes in each property were calculated (ΔGloss, ΔTranslucency, ΔFluorescency, ΔE

∗

00). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 5%). Changes in all properties were observed after staining for all materials, with darkening and reduction of gloss, fluorescence, and translucency. Nonsignificant differences were observed between the light-cured and precured materials of the same manufacturer for ΔG and ΔT, but significant differences existed for ΔF and ΔE

∗

00. For ΔF, the only significant differences were observed between Brava Block and Opallis (smaller). For ΔE

∗

00, only the light-cured composites GrandioSO and Z350 showed significantly less change than the corresponding blocks. Precured composites were affected the same way as light-cured ones by the staining in relation to the reduction of gloss and translucency. Conclusion. A higher reduction in fluorescence was observed for only one brand of block and was similar for the others. The two brands of light-cured materials showed less staining, while for the others, the staining was similar. The effects of staining vary according to the composite formulation.
Nest site selection and breeding ecology of the red-billed blue magpie Urocissa erythrorhyncha in central China
Authors: Guo Weibin , Hu Zhiqing , Lin Buge , Kuang Yuyang , Cao Hanqing , Wang Changcao 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
While knowledge on birds’ breeding ecology is essential for understanding avian adaptation and managing conservation, it is poorly studied for many species, even for some common species. The knowledge of the natural history of the red-billed blue magpie (Urocissa erythrorhyncha), a species widely distributed in China and Southeast Asia, is sketchy. Here we present detailed data of nest site selection and the breeding ecology of red-billed blue magpie in central China, and of the effects of nest predation and brood parasitism on reproductive strategies. Most nests were built on Phyllostachys sulphurea and Quercus acutissima. Breeding season ranged from March to August. The first egg was laid between early April and late July. The incubation period lasted 15 days and the nestling period, 18 days. Average clutch size was 4.6 eggs, and brood size at fledging was 3.3 young. Overall, 43.8% of nesting attempts successfully produced at least one fledged young. Nest predation and brood parasitism were the two main reasons for fledging failure, which mainly occurred after April. Correspondingly, U. erythrorhyncha showed a tendency to build nests higher up and have a smaller clutch size in late stages of the breeding season. This study provides the first reliable and comprehensive information on the reproductive parameters of U. erythrorhyncha, which will lay a foundation for further understanding this species’ biology and opens up an avenue for large-scale comparative studies of the Urocissa genus or higher-level taxa.
The history and normative significance of summaria in the Liber extra
Authors: Alexandrowicz Piotr 
Published: May 2022

Summary
The printed editions of the Liber extra usually contain summaria, which are short summaries added to the source text providing the encapsulated ratio of each chapter. These short additions were mostly overlooked by the canonists and legal historians, and for this reason their history and relevance are not satisfactorily assessed. The study of incunabula shows that summaria were taken mostly from the Commentaria of Niccolò de Tudeschi, however his summaries were usually founded on the earlier commentaries to the Liber extra. Summaria were first introduced to the printed Liber extra in 1489 by Girolamo Chiari in the edition of the Venetian printer Battista Torti. This innovation was immediately adopted by other printers who expressly signalled the addition of summaria to attract the attention of students and other potential purchasers. The other redaction of summaria was prepared by Jean Chappuis for the edition of the Liber extra in 1501, and both redactions were inserted in the editio Romana of 1582, either in the centre or in the margins. Summaria were reiterated in almost all editions starting from the edition of Torti from 1489 up to the edition of Friedberg in 1881. The scarce scholarly accounts on the significance of summaria claim only that they were lacking authoritative value but should be treated as interpretative, didactic or epistemic tools for a better understanding of the Liber extra and accompanying the history of canon law jurisprudence.
An Inconsistent Truth? Reflections on Tucker Ferda’s
Authors: Rollens Sarah E. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This article reviews Tucker Ferda’s recent book on the Galilean Crisis Theory, a scholarly theory that holds that Jesus encountered hostility and rejection in Galilee, which spurred significant changes in his mission, including his rather abrupt transition to Jerusalem. This lucid and deftly executed study charts the development of this scholarly theory, before offering its own assessment of Jesus’ mission and its success. With his perceptive assessment of early scholarship, Ferda makes an important contribution to the on-going meta-critical work in historical Jesus studies.
The Old English Translation of the Homiliary of Angers
Authors: Afros Elena 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Over the past decade, steady progress has been made in identifying the Latin witnesses to the Homiliary of Angers; however, no new copies of its Old English rendition have surfaced. The singular source of information about the vernacular adaptation and dissemination of this important preaching resource in Anglo-Saxon England remains the Taunton Fragment (Taunton, Somerset County Record Office, DD/SAS C/1193/77), two bifolia of unknown origin and uncertain date. The previous discussions, which centered around orthography, morphology, and morphosyntax, determined that the Taunton Fragment is a copy produced towards the end of the Old English period, probably deriving from an Anglian archetype. To complement these findings, the present study focuses on lexis. A close examination of the two layers of the Taunton Fragment’s vocabulary—the lexemes which primarily occur in texts of Anglian origin or exhibiting the influence of Anglian works and the lexemes which typically replace obsolescent lexis in late copies of Old English material—supports the hypothesis that the Old English translation preserved in the Taunton Fragment is a copy descending from an Anglian archetype produced in a scriptorium dominated by the late West-Saxon writing tradition in the second half of the eleventh century.