bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian analysis reveals the influence of maternal effect on pre-weaning body weights in Landlly piglets
Authors: Ahmad Sheikh Firdous , Gaur Gyanendra Kumar , Panda Snehasmita , Chauhan Anuj , Dutt Triveni , Bhushan Bharat 
Published: April 2022

SummaryThe present study was undertaken to estimate the (co)variance components and genetic parameters of body weights recorded in Landlly piglets from birth to weaning at weekly intervals (w0 to w6). The data pertained to body weights of 2462 piglets, born to 91 sires and 159 dams across different generations during a 7-year period from 2014 to 2020. Five animal models (I–V), differentiated by inclusion or exclusion of maternal effects with or without covariance between maternal and direct genetic effects, were fitted on the data using the Bayesian algorithm. The analyses were implemented by Gibbs sampling in the BLUPF90 program and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methodology was used to draw samples of posterior distribution pertaining to (co)variance components. Based on deviance information criteria (DIC), model V with inclusion of direct additive genetic, direct maternal genetic and permanent environmental effect of dam as random factors along with covariance between direct additive and maternal effects best fitted the data on pre-weaning traits (w0 to w5). Whereas, model I incorporating only the direct additive genetic effect best fitted the weaning weight (w6) data in Landlly piglets. The posterior mean estimates of direct heritability under the best models for W0 to W6 were 0.13, 0.19, 0.29, 0.13, 0.26, 0.32 and 0.46, respectively. Inclusion of the maternal component helped in better partitioning of variance for different body weights in Landlly piglets. The maternal heritability ranged from 0.06 to 0.14, while the litter heritability ranged from 0.11 to 0.15 for pre-weaning weights (W0 to W5) under the best-fit models. The influence of maternal environment was greater than maternal genetic effect from birth to 4th week of age. The results implied that variations in body weight of Landlly pigs were genetically controlled to moderate levels (especially w2 and w4) with contributions from direct additive and maternal genotype that can be exploited by designing efficient breeding programmes.
Infection profile of patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in paediatric cardiac surgery ICU
Authors: Işık Mehmet Emirhan , Arslanoğlu Ergin , Menekşe Şirin , Uygun-Kızmaz Yeşim , Şavluk Ömer Faruk , Kara Kenan Abdurrahman , Türkmen-Karaağaç Aysu , Ceyran Hakan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAim:We investigated the risk of increased nosocomial infections and the associated pathogens in patients who underwent paediatric cardiovascular surgery and were put on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. We studied the duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use and other variables that may be associated with increased nosocomial infection risk.Methods:Patients who were treated with an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in paediatric cardiovascular surgery ICU between 2010 and 2020 were included in this retrospective study. We analysed the site of infection and microbiological profile of infections occurring in these patients according to CDC and National Healthcare Safety Network criteria.Results:The onset of infection development in patients after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was found to be median 8 (3–15, 25–75 IQR) days in the whole group, and median 11 (3–16, 25–75 IQR) days in those who developed infection without being put on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. When patients were divided into those with and without infection, duration of ICU was found to be 19 (16–28, IQR 25–75) days in patients with infection vs. 8 (2–16, IQR 25–75; p: <0.001) days in patients without infection. Duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was found to be 14 (10–25, IQR 25–75) days in patients with infection versus 5 (2–10, IQR 25–75; p: <0.001) days in patients without infection and total hospital stay was 26 (18–33, IQR 25–75) days in patients with infection versus 8 (2–23, IQR 25–75) days in those without infection. A total of 24 patients out of the 70 patients experienced 32 infectious episodes during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Culture-positive infections were detected at a single site in 19 patients, and multiple sites in 5 patients.Conclusion:We propose that prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support is associated with an increased risk of infection. Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a life-saving treatment method, prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may increase the development of infectious complications and the associated mortality and morbidity of the patient.
Assessing the Risk of Health, Social, and Fiscal Events in Schizophrenia According to Remission or Relapse Status Using Real World Data from a SCZ Survey in the US
Authors: Kadakia Aditi , Martins Rui , Fan Angela , Dembek Carole , Connolly Mark , Shepherd Jason , Williams Rhys 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia-related, health, social, and fiscal consequences are substantial, affecting patients, caregivers, and society. The incidence of health, social, and fiscal outcomes are frequently reported for the overall schizophrenia population, not stratified by remission or relapse status.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess healthcare resource use, employment status, and housing circumstances for patients with schizophrenia in remission or relapse, compared to the overall schizophrenia population.MethodsThe Adelphi Schizophrenia Disease Specific Programme was a point-in-time survey conducted across the USA between July and October 2019. Remission was defined using Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score of 1-3 (stable), with relapse defined as a CGI-S score of 4-7 (unstable). Outcome-specific rate ratios were calculated by dividing the cumulative incidence for those in remission or relapse by the cumulative incidence of the overall schizophrenia population. Ratios greater than 1 indicate a higher probability of the event.ResultsPsychiatrists (n = 124) provided data for 409 patients in remission and 609 patients in relapse. Patients with schizophrenia in remission were more likely to be employed (1.66, 95% confidence interval [1.46-1.90]) and to live with a partner or family (1.08 [1.01-1.17]) compared to the overall schizophrenia population, whereas patients in relapse were more likely to experience hospitalizations in the previous 12 months (1.34 [1.19-1.15]), disability-related unemployment (1.38 [1.25-1.51]), sick leave absences (1.23 [0.66-2.31]), need to support housing (1.39 [1.08-1.79]), and homelessness (1.47 [0.95-2.27]).ConclusionsSchizophrenia patients in relapse were more likely to experience hospitalizations, unemployment, and have unfavorable housing circumstances compared to the overall schizophrenia population. Identifying patients at risk of relapse may aid physicians in targeting interventional support, thereby reducing the burden of schizophrenia.FundingSunovion Pharmaceuticals
The Incidence and Economic Burden of Extrapyramidal Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia Initiating Atypical Antipsychotics in a Commercially Insured Population
Authors: Kadakia Aditi , Brady Brenna , Dembek Carole , Williams Rhys , Kent Justine 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundExtrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) affect 15% to 30% of patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics and have been associated with poor patient outcomes.ObjectivesTo examine the incidence and economic burden of EPS in patients with schizophrenia initiating treatment with atypical antipsychotics (AAPs).MethodsPatients with schizophrenia newly initiating AAPs with no prior EPS were identified in the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental database from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2018. Incidence of EPS (new diagnosis or medication) was assessed in the year following AAP initiation. Patients were classified as developing (EPS cohort) or not developing (non-EPS cohort) EPS. All-cause and schizophrenia-related healthcare resource use and costs were compared between cohorts over the year following the first EPS claim (EPS) or randomly assigned index date (non-EPS). Multivariate models were developed for total healthcare costs and inpatient admissions.ResultsA total of 3558 patients qualified for the study; 22.1% developed EPS in the year following AAP initiation (incidence: 26.9 cases/100-person-years). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that EPS patients had a 34% higher odds of all-cause (OR:1.3361, 95% CI:1.0770-1.6575, P < .01) and 84% increased odds of schizophrenia-related (OR:1.8436, 95% CI:1.0434-2.4219, P < .0001) inpatient admissions, as well as significantly higher all-cause (EPS: $26,632 vs non-EPS: $21,273, P < .001) and schizophrenia-related (EPS: $9018 vs non-EPS: $4475, P < .0001) total costs compared to the non-EPS cohort.ConclusionsApproximately 20% of patients developed EPS in the year following AAP initiation. The significant increases in healthcare resource utilization and costs in the EPS cohorts highlight the need for treatments that effectively target schizophrenia symptoms while reducing the risk of EPS.FundingSunovion Pharmaceuticals
d-Amphetamine Transdermal System in Treatment of Children and Adolescents with ADHD: Secondary Endpoint Results from a Phase 2 Trial
Authors: Cutler Andrew J. , Suzuki Katsumi , Starling Brittney , Balakrishnan Kanan , Komaroff Marina , Castelli Mariacristina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundAmphetamines are a first-line treatment for ADHD. The dextroamphetamine transdermal system (d-ATS) was developed as an alternative to oral amphetamine formulations. A randomized controlled trial of d-ATS in children and adolescents with ADHD was conducted, and its primary and key secondary endpoints were met. Here, we report secondary endpoints of the study, further assessing the efficacy and safety of d-ATS.MethodsThis study comprised a 5-week, open-label dose optimization period (DOP) followed by a 2-week, randomized, cross-over double-blind treatment period (DBP). All eligible patients received d-ATS 5 mg/9 h and were evaluated weekly for a possible dose increase to 10 mg/9 h, 15 mg/9 h, and 20 mg/9 h. Once reached, the optimal dose was maintained for the DOP and utilized during the DBP. Secondary objectives for this study included assessment of efficacy via Permanent Product Measure of Performance-Attempted and -Correct (PERMP-A, PERMP-C), ADHD-RS-IV, Conners Parent Rating Scale Revised Short Form (CPRS-R:S), and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores in a laboratory classroom setting. Efficacy was analyzed using a mixed-model repeated-measures (MMRM) approach. Safety assessments included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and dermal safety.ResultsIn total, 110 patients were enrolled in the DOP, and 106 patients were randomized in the DBP. Patients receiving d-ATS demonstrated significant improvement vs placebo in PERMP-A and -C scores in the DBP consistently from 2 to 12 hours post-dose (P < .001 for all timepoints). ADHD-RS-IV total scores improved during the DOP and improved further during the DBP, with a least-squares mean (95% CI) difference for d-ATS vs placebo of −13.1 (−16.2, −10.0; P < .001). Significant differences between placebo and d-ATS in the DBP were also observed for the CPRS-R:S and CGI scales (P < .001). Most TEAEs were mild or moderate, with 3 TEAEs (abdominal pain, irritated mood, and appetite loss) leading to study discontinuation in the DOP and none in the DBP. No patients were discontinued due to dermal reactions in either phase.Conclusionsd-ATS was effective in the treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents, meeting its primary endpoint (reported elsewhere) and all secondary endpoints. d-ATS was safe and well-tolerated, with minimal dermal reactions.FundingNoven Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Alliaceous Axilla as a Manifestation of Olfactory Reference Syndrome
Authors: Lima Anton S. , Patel Jenish V. , Chang Tiffany , Hirsch Alan R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionOlfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a delusion in which a person believes that he or she exudes a displeasing body aroma that others perceive negatively. The axilla has been reported as a single primary source in only one patient. Furthermore, ORS is rarely reported to be associated with food odor. In these instances, the food is not edible. Delusions of ORS presenting as alliaceous edible food aromas have not heretofore been described.Case ReportOne week after undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation, this 42-year-old right-handed male experienced a sudden onset of loss of smell and taste. This has persisted on presentation and he described a complete lack of smell, only being able to smell different spices and herbs. Over time, his sense of smell selectively improved such that he was able to smell alliaceous substances, including onion and garlic, as well as a few other aromas. At the same time his smell returned, he noted that his own body exuded a smell of garlic. This occurred especially while weightlifting at the gym. He noticed that the shirts he had worn working out, in the axillary regions, were encumbered with a garlic/onion miasma. He was fearful that this mephitic aroma was being secreted through his armpits, and that others would recognize his tragomaschalia. As a result, he restricted his activities. Over a few months, his smell ability gradually worsened back to the condition he was in after the ablation. Coincident with this, his perception that he was exuding an alliaceous aroma resolved.ResultsMotor examination: Drift testing: mild left pronator drift. Left abductor digiti minimal sign. Olfactory testing prior to the development of ORS: Alcohol Sniff Test (AST): 0 (anosmia). Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT): 3 (anosmia). Olfactory testing during ORS: AST: 16 (hyposmia). B-SIT: 9 (hyposmia). Olfactory testing after resolution of ORS: AST: 0 (anosmia).DiscussionThis could be explained by a physiologic axillary odor or malodor, which he could not detect before or after the ORS. During the ORS, the odor may have been misperceived in a dysosmic manner due to his underlying olfactory deficit. Such dysosmia may have then been interpreted as the aroma of an alliaceous vegetable. The intensity of the aroma may have been greatest at the axillary area if compared to the other sources, but due to his underlying hyposmia, he was able to perceive only the axilla as a sole source of the aroma. Besides, psychodynamic preoccupation with bodily physique may have explained his hypersensitivity to minor flaws and his excessive preoccupation with possible harassment from others. He may have consequently misinterpreted individuals’ benign observations and attitudes to presume the presence of aroma. In individuals with olfactory deficit, this investigation for the presence of ORS with traditionally unpleasant food aromas or the presence of ORS in those with chemosensory dysfunction is warranted.FundingNo funding
Effect of the HP-3070 Transdermal System (Secuado ) on Symptoms of Hostility in Adults with Schizophrenia
Authors: Citrome Leslie , Komaroff Marina , Starling Brittney , Byreddy Sandeep , Terahara Takaaki , Hasabe Masami 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with schizophrenia may exhibit symptoms of hostility. HP-3070, a once-daily asenapine transdermal system, is the first antipsychotic patch approved by the FDA for use in adults with schizophrenia, and its efficacy in this indication has been demonstrated. This post hoc analysis of a phase 3 randomized study investigated the efficacy of HP-3070 in treating hostility in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsIn the pivotal phase 3 study, adults with schizophrenia were randomized 1:1:1 to once-daily treatment with HP-3070 3.8 mg/24 h, 7.6 mg/24 h, or placebo for 6 weeks. Least-squares mean (LSM) changes in the PANSS hostility item score (P7) and PANSS-Excited Component (PANSS-EC), the sum of items P4 (Excitement), P7 (Hostility), G4 (Tension), G8 (Uncooperativeness), and G14 (Poor impulse control), from baseline to week 6 were assessed post hoc. Efficacy was analyzed with a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) adjusted for PANSS-positive symptoms, items P1 (Delusions), P2 (Conceptual disorganization), P3 (Hallucinatory behavior), P5 (Grandiosity), P6 (Suspiciousness/persecution), and G9 (Unusual thought content) and presence of somnolence (including hypersomnia, hypersomnolence, or sedation) or akathisia.ResultsAmong the 369 patients with a baseline PANSS hostility item score >1 and hostility scores collected at both baseline and week 6 (126 HP-3070 7.6 mg/24 h; 123 3.8 mg/24 h; 120 placebo), the week 6 LSM (95% CI) change from baseline in PANSS hostility item score was significantly better with HP-3070 than placebo for 7.6 mg/24 h (−0.4 [−0.6, −0.2]; P < .001) and 3.8 mg/24 h (−0.3 [−0.6, −0.1]; P < .01). Similar results were observed after adjusting for covariates (P < .01 for both doses). The week 6 PANSS-EC LSM change from baseline was also greater for HP-3070 7.6 mg/24 h (−1.1 [−1.9, −0.4]; n = 164; P < .01) and 3.8 mg/24 h (−1.3 [−2.0, −0.6]; n = 168; P < .001) compared with placebo (n = 165).ConclusionsIn this post hoc analysis, HP-3070 was superior to placebo in reducing hostility in patients with schizophrenia, even after adjusting for covariates, suggesting that these effects are at least partially independent of general antipsychotic effects or of effects on sedation or akathisia. These findings suggest that HP-3070 may have a specific anti-hostility effect in patients with schizophrenia.FundingNoven Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical, Co.
Hyponatremia Secondary Treatment with SSRI Antidepressants in Adults and Elderly
Authors: Mazzoglio y Nabar Martin J. , Muniz Milagros M. , Montivero Christian A. , Schraier Gabriel , Leidi Terren Emmanuel E. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionHyponatremia is an electrolyte disorder that can be caused by multiple factors, among which the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIAHS) is one of the most frequent causes. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most widely used antidepressant drugs in all age groups for efficacy, safety, and adverse effects, although they can cause serious and undesirable side effects.ObjectiveReport of a series of cases of patients with SIAHS secondary to the use of SSRIs.Materials and MethodsWe report 21 cases of patients between 52 and 76 years of age, of both sexes, undergoing treatment for depressive disorder with SSRI antidepressants and anxiolytics, concomitant with other clinical treatments (ACEI, thiazides, and carbamazepine). Biochemical laboratory and electrocardiogram studies were performed prior to the start of treatment.ResultsIn the first weeks (mean = 2.5) after starting psychopharmacological treatment, hyponatremia (mean = 126 mEq/L) was recorded in 9 symptomatic patients, and Inadequate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion Syndrome (SIAHS) was diagnosed with referral to Nephrology and Endocrinology. The SSRI was withdrawn, achieving normalization of the biochemical values (plasma and urinary sodium, plasma, and urinary osmolarity), psychotherapy was reinforced until the rotation of another antidepressant. The mean time of suspension of the antidepressant was 7.1 days, the time of disappearance of symptoms after the suspension was 4.3 days and the normalization of biochemical values was 21.68 days. Only one case was severe and 5 required hospitalization.ConclusionsIn the cases presented, the SSRI antidepressants were associated with hyponatremia caused by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. This adverse event was more significant in elderly patients and in those treated with other drugs that cause the disease, such as antineoplastic, diuretic, and antiepileptic drugs, due to synergism between the causative mechanisms.FundingNo funding
COVID-19 Induced Psychosis in Patients with Underlying Mental Health Disorder: Case Report
Authors: Bhimanadham Narmada Neerja , Ali Ornela , Hossain Asghar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic confronted the world with an unknown reality whose challenges extend beyond the immediate threat to human health posed by the virus itself. Numerous stressors such as fear of the disease gravity and absence of proper treatment protocols, prolonged social isolation, anxiety, and financial burden lead to increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders in patients with underlying mental health problems. We present a case of a 23-year-old female, with a history of anxiety and depression who presents with psychosis and mania after contracting 2019 novel coronavirus. The patient was asymptomatic for the infection. The purpose of this case report is to highlight the fact that COVID-19 can increase the risk of mania and new-onset psychosis in patients with a previous psychiatric history.FundingNo funding
Error-Related Brain Activity in ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Electroencephalography Markers of Cognitive Control Performance
Authors: Awasthi Pranjali 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundDeviant cognitive control performance is implicated in Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD). It is also conjectured to be a potential diagnoser and differentiator between the Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD types. Reliable measures have not been established due to the variation in published results.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature published up to May 2021 with data on electrophysiological correlates, that is, EEG correlates of cognitive control monitoring (error-related negativity, ERN; error positivity, Pe; correct-response negativity, CRN) in ADHD patients and the efficiency of EEG recordings in differentiating between ADHD types. Multiple databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, bioRxiv, and medRxiv were searched for eligible literature. Meta-Analyses were performed through statistical tools provided by the open-source metafor package and separately using the Hedge’s g standardized mean differences.ResultsMeta-Analyses were performed on a shortlisted set of 125 studies involving 7248 participants. To avoid extraneous variables, the sex ratio was maintained at 50:50, and the age groups of participants were equally varied between early teenagers (12-15 years), late teenagers (15-18 years), young adults (21-25), and middle-aged adults (29-37). The ADHD-afflicted group showed reduced ERN (Hedge’s g = −0.58 [CIs: −0.76, −0.35]) and reduced Pe (Hedge’s g = −0.65 [CIs: −0.79, −0.44). The Hyperactive-Impulsive ADHD types (2574/7248 participants) showed an increased CRN (Hedge’s g = 0.68 [CIs: 0.71, 0.29]), while the Inattentive ADHD Types (4674/7248 participants) showed a slightly reduced CRN (Hedge’s g = −0.25 [CIs: −0.31, −0.28]. The prevalence of counted task errors was higher in the teenagers’ group (12-18 years) than the adults’ group (21-37 years).ConclusionsResults suggest that EEG Pattern Markers (especially Pe and CRN) can act as strong differentiators/diagnosers between the Hyperactive-Impulsive and Inattentive ADHD types. In further development, deep learning classifiers can be built for ADHD types using EEG Markers as Features and statistical values as weights.Not Part of Abstract, Additional NotesPranjali Awasthi is a 14-year-old researcher working on the overlap of neuroimaging and machine learning at the Neural Dynamics of Control Lab, FIU. She is an avid speaker on topics of AI Awareness and Ethics. Here is a recent feature by the Analytics India Magazine: https://analyticsindiamag.com/how-this-15-year-old-created-a-research-career-in-machine-learning.FundingNew York Institute of Technology MRGA Committee