bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidence that host species composition alters host–pathogen dynamics in a ranavirus–amphibian assemblage
Authors: Snyder Paul W. , Ramsay Chloe T. , Harjoe Carmen C. , Khazan Emily S. , Briggs Cheryl J. , Hoverman Jason Todd , Johnson Pieter T. J. , Preston Daniel , Rohr Jason R. , Blaustein Andrew R. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLosses in biodiversity can alter disease risk through changes in host species composition. Host species vary in pathogen susceptibility and competence, yet how changes in diversity alter host–pathogen dynamics remains unclear in many systems, particularly with respect to generalist pathogens. Amphibians are experiencing worldwide population declines linked to generalist pathogens, such as ranavirus, and thus represent an ideal group to investigate how host species composition affects disease risk. We conducted experiments in which amphibian larvae of three native species (Pacific tree frogs, Pseudacris regilla; Cascades frogs, Rana cascadae; and Western toads, Anaxyrus boreas) were exposed to ranavirus individually (in the laboratory) or as assemblages (in outdoor mesocosms). In a laboratory experiment, we observed low survival and high viral loads in P. regilla compared to the other species, suggesting that this species was highly susceptible to the pathogen. In the mesocosm experiment, we observed 41% A. boreas mortality when alone and 98% mortality when maintained with P. regilla and R. cascadae. Our results suggest that the presence of highly susceptible species can alter disease dynamics across multiple species, potentially increasing infection risk and mortality in co‐occurring species.
Decline of insects and arachnids driven by nutrient enrichment: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Nessel Mark P. , Konnovitch Theresa , Romero Gustavo Q. , González Angélica L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent studies have documented global declines in insects and their relatives, but the exact mechanisms explaining these patterns are not fully understood. A potential driver underlying arthropod population declines is increases in anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Here, we synthesize the effects of N, P, and combined N + P enrichment on the abundance of hexapods (insects and collembola) and arachnids from 901 experiments reported in 84 studies. We found that N and combined N + P enrichment caused significant decreases in the abundance of these groups overall. While arthropod responses to nutrient enrichment across aquatic and terrestrial habitats and in temperate as well as tropical climatic zones differed in magnitude, our results suggest that arthropods are decreasing similarly in response to nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment. Further, despite previously shown differences in the nutrient demands of different insect metamorphosis groups, we found consistent negative effects of N + P enrichment on all groups. Our results also showed that the negative effects of nutrient additions are stronger for aquatic insects that are considered more sensitive to changes in physical–chemical parameters in their environments, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT), compared with other aquatic insects. In addition, N + P enrichment reduced the abundance of above‐ground and below‐ground arthropods, suggesting that a similar mechanism driving arthropod community change is acting on both groups. These findings suggest that changes in elemental cycles are a potential cause of the ongoing global decline of arthropods and underscore the serious effects of nutrient enrichment on ecological systems.
Metabolomics implicate eicosanoids in severe functional mitral regurgitation
Authors: Hofbauer Thomas M. , Distelmaier Klaus , Muqaku Besnik , Spinka Georg , Seidl Veronika , Arfsten Henrike T. , Hagn Gerhard , Meier‐Menches Samuel , Bartko Philipp E. , Pavo Noemi , Hoke Matthias , Prausmueller Suriya , Heitzinger Gregor , Pils Dietmar , Lang Irene M. , Hengstenberg Christian , Hülsmann Martin P. , Gerner Christopher , Goliasch Georg 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimsSecondary, or functional, mitral regurgitation (FMR) was recently recognized as a separate clinical entity, complicating heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and entailing particularly poor outcome. Currently, there is a lack of targeted therapies for FMR due to the fact that pathomechanisms leading to FMR progression are incompletely understood. In this study, we sought to perform metabolomic profiling of HFrEF patients with severe FMR, comparing results to patients with no or mild FMR.Methods and resultsTargeted plasma metabolomics and untargeted eicosanoid analyses were performed in samples drawn from HFrEF patients (n = 80) on optimal guideline‐directed medical therapy. Specifically, 17 eicosanoids and 188 metabolites were analysed. Forty‐seven patients (58.8%) had severe FMR, and 33 patients (41.2%) had no or non‐severe FMR. Comparison of eicosanoid levels between groups, accounting for age, body mass index, and sex, revealed significant up‐regulation of six eicosanoids (11,12‐EET, 13(R)‐HODE, 12(S)‐HETE, 8,9‐DiHETrE, metPGJ2, and 20‐HDoHE) in severe FMR patients. Metabolites did not differ significantly. In patients with severe FMR, but not in those without severe FMR, levels of 8,9‐DiHETrE above a cut‐off specified by receiver‐operating characteristic analysis independently predicted all‐cause mortality after a median follow‐up of 43 [interquartile range 38, 48] months [hazard ratio 12.488 (95% confidence interval 3.835–40.666), P < 0.0001].ConclusionsWe report the up‐regulation of various eicosanoids in patients with severe FMR, with 8,9‐DiHETrE appearing to predict mortality. Our observations may serve as a nucleus for further investigations into the causes and consequences of metabolic derangements in this important valvular abnormality.
Microplastics in Abiotic Compartments of a Hypersaline Lacustrine Ecosystem
Authors: Alirezazadeh Mustafa , Nematollahi Mohammad Javad , Keshavarzi Behnam , Rezaei Mohsen , Moore Farid , Busquets Rosa 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The study of microplastics in inland water bodies has been growing recently, but there is still insufficient knowledge of the status of microplastics in lacustrine ecosystems, especially saline lakes. Studies have also been conducted on sediment, water, and biological compartments of lakes. In the present study, the status of microplastics in abiotic compartments of the saline Maharloo Lake (Iran) was evaluated for the first time and included surface sediment, lake salt, sludge, lake water, and wastewater. A total of 742 microplastics, mainly clear and fibrous, ranging from 50 to 250 µm in size and composed of polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate, were identified in 33 samples. Mean microplastic concentrations in solid samples were higher than in liquid ones, with the highest levels (51.7 microplastics kg−1) in sludge and the lowest levels in lake salt (10.4 microplastics kg−1). The highest microplastic levels were found in the northwest area of the lake, where wastewater effluents from urban, industrial, and agricultural activities discharge into the lake. Inter-relationship assessments of microplastics with hierarchical cluster analysis suggested that differences in the distribution of microplastics with different physical properties in Maharloo Lake are greatly affected by weathering processes and proximity to contaminated hotspots. Our results reveal that the widespread occurrence of microplastics in Maharloo Lake mostly originates from potential plastic sources in urban areas of Shiraz Metropolis and its industrial zone in the vicinity of the study area; thus microplastics are dispersed into the lake via surface runoffs, especially wastewater inflows. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:19–32. © 2022 SETAC
Abstract
A schematic picture of microplastics in abiotic compartments of Maharloo Lake. WWTP = wastewater treatment plant; MPs = microplastics.
Pneumonia and subsequent risk of dementia: Evidence from the Japan Gerontological evaluation study
Authors: Khairan Paramita , Shirai Kokoro , Shobugawa Yugo , Cadar Dorina , Saito Tami , Kondo Katsunori , Sobue Tomotaka , Iso Hiroyasu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundRecently, several studies reported that pneumonia might increase the risk of cognitive decline and dementia due to increased frailty.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the association between a history of pneumonia and subsequent dementia risk.MethodsParticipants were 9952 aged 65 years or older Japanese men and women from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study prospective cohort study, followed up from 2013 to 2019. Dementia was identified by public long‐term care insurance registration. A history of pneumonia contracted 1 year before the baseline questionnaire in 2013. A cox regression model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dementia risk, adjusted for potential confounding variables. We conducted competing risk analyses using a cause‐specific hazard model.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period of 6 years, 939 persons developed dementia. There was no association between having a prior history of pneumonia with dementia risk (HR 1.20, 95% CI:0.81–1.78). However, we observed an increased risk of dementia in persons with pre‐frailty and frailty; the multivariable HR (95% CI) was 1.75 (1.48–2.07) and 2.42 (2.00–2.93) for pre‐frailty and frailty, respectively. When pneumonia and frailty were combined, the risk of dementia was the highest for the persons with a history of pneumonia and frailty; the multivariable HR (95% CI) was 2.30 (1.47–3.62). The multivariable HR (95% CI) for those without pneumonia with frailty was 1.95 (1.66–2.28). Meanwhile, the multivariable HR (95% CI) for those with pneumonia without frailty was 1.64 (0.68–3.99).ConclusionOur findings imply that a prior history of pre‐frailty and frailty with or without pneumonia, but not a history of pneumonia per se, was associated with an increased risk of dementia among population‐based‐cohort of older Japanese people.
Advances in cerebral perfusion imaging techniques in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Fang Hui , He Guangchen , Cheng Yingsheng , Liang Fuyou , Zhu Yueqi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe application of cerebral perfusion imaging has demonstrated significant assessment benefits and an ability to establish an appropriate triage of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and large artery occlusion (LAO) in the extended time window. Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are routinely used to determine the ischemic core, as well as the tissue at risk, to aid in therapeutic decision‐making. However, the time required to transport patients to imaging extends the door‐to‐reperfusion time. C‐arm cone‐beam CT (CBCT) is a novel tomography technology that combines 2D radiography and 3D CT imaging based on the digital subtraction angiography platform. In comparison with CT or MRI perfusion techniques, CBCT combined with catheterized angiogram or therapy can serve as a “one‐stop‐shop” for the diagnosis and treatment of AIS, and greatly reduce the door to reperfusion time. Here, we review the current evidence on the efficacy and theoretical basis of CBCT, as well as other perfusion techniques, with the purpose to assist clinicians to establish an effective and repaid workflow for patients with AIS and LAO in clinical practice.
Left atrial dysfunction as the major driver of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction syndrome
Authors: Ovchinnikov Artem G. , Potekhina Alexandra , Belyavskiy Evgeny , Gvozdeva Anna , Ageev Fail 
Published: October 2022

AbstractLeft atrial (LA) dysfunction seems to play a central role in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), is associated with disease severity and poor outcomes and potentially impacts management. Identifying LA myopathy can help guide tailored therapy for HFpEF. Echocardiography allows the accurate measurement of atrial size and function, where LA strain appears to be a sensitive measure of intrinsic LA myopathy. Several therapies and devices that decompress of left atrium are being tested for HFpEF. Further investigation is required to understand the specific atrial effects of statins, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and other therapies.
Multimodality imaging approach of patent foramen ovale: Practical considerations for transient ischemic attack/stroke
Authors: Floria Mariana , Năfureanu Elena Diana , Iov Diana‐Elena , Dranga Mihaela , Popa Radu Florin , Baroi Livia Genoveva , Sascău Radu Andy , Stătescu Cristian , Tănase Daniela Maria 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA patent foramen ovale, which is present in up to 25% of the population, is a risk factor for cryptogenic stroke (which accounts for 15%–40% of strokes) and transient ischemic attack via paradoxical embolism. This narrative review focuses on the multimodality imaging approach of the diagnosis and periprocedural guidance of patent foramen ovale, with an emphasis on the use of agitated saline as contrast medium in echocardiography, starting from embryologic aspects. Therefore, we aimed to make a concise and complete presentation of the protocol used for this type of evaluation, along with multimodality imaging approach of the patent foramen ovale and practical considerations for transient ischemic attack/stroke.
Fipronil impairs the GABAergic brain responses of Nile Tilapia during the transition from normoxia to acute hypoxia
Authors: Dourado Priscila L. R. , Lima Daína , Mattos Jacó J. , Bainy Afonso C. D. , Grott Suelen C. , Alves Thiago C. , de Almeida Eduardo Alves , da Silva Danilo G. Humberto 
Published: October 2022

Abstractγ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is one of the main neurotransmitters involved in the adaptation processes against the damage that hypoxia can cause to the brain. Due to its antagonist action on GABA receptors, the insecticide fipronil can turn the fish more susceptible to the negative effects of hypoxia. This study aimed to understand better if fipronil affects these GABAergic responses of Tilapia ahead to hypoxia. Oreochromis Niloticus (Nile Tilapia) were exposed for 3 and 8 h to fipronil (0.0, 0.1, and 0.5 µg.L−1) under normoxia (dissolved O2 > 6 mg.L−1) and moderate hypoxia (dissolved O2 < 2 mg.L−1) conditions. Briefly, hypoxia caused opposite effects on the gene transcription of the evaluated ionotropic and metabotropic GABA receptors. Unexpectedly, we obtained reduced HIF1A mRNA and brain GABA levels, mostly in the first 3 h of the experiment, for the hypoxic group compared with the normoxia one. Besides that, we also demonstrated that the insecticide fipronil impairs the brain GABAergic signaling of a hypoxia‐tolerant fish during the transition from a normoxic to an acute hypoxic state. Thus, these results predict the relevant impact on the brain metabolic adaptations of fishes exposed to such stressful conditions in an aquatic environment, as well as the effects of fipronil in the GABAergic responses to hypoxia, which in turn may have ecological and physiological significance to hypoxia‐tolerant fishes exposed to this insecticide.
Psychosomatic symptoms related to exacerbation of fatigue in patients with medically unexplained symptoms
Authors: Hashimoto Kazuaki , Takeuchi Takeaki , Murasaki Maya , Hiiragi Miki , Koyama Akiko , Nakamura Yuzo , Hashizume Masahiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are common conditions that cause various somatic complaints and are often avoided in primary care. Fatigue frequently occurs in patients with MUS. However, the somatic and psychiatric symptoms associated with fatigue in patients with MUS are unknown. This study aimed to clarify the intensity of fatigue and the related somatic and psychiatric symptoms in patients with MUS.MethodsA total of 120 patients with MUS aged 20–64 years who visited the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Toho University Medical Center Omori Hospital, between January and March 2021 were considered. The participants' medical conditions were assessed using the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS), Somatic Symptom Scale‐8 (SSS‐8), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We estimated the relationship between CFS, SSS‐8 and HADS by using Spearman's rank correlation. Additionally, linear multiple regression analysis with CFS as the objective variable was used to identify symptoms related to fatigue.ResultsFatigue was significantly associated with all symptoms observed (p < 0.01). Linear multiple regression analysis revealed that “dizziness,” “headache,” and “Sleep medication” were extracted as relevant somatic symptoms (p < 0.05), independent of anxiety and depression, which were already known to be associated with fatigue in MUS.ConclusionThe intensity of anxiety, depression, headache, and dizziness were all associated with the intensity of fatigue in MUS patients. On the contrary, sleeping medication was associated with lower levels of fatigue in MUS.
Trace determination of triazine herbicides in fruit and vegetables using novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent‐based dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet
Authors: Jouybari Toraj Ahmadi , Jouybari Hadi Ahmadi , Shamsipur Mojtaba , Babajani Nasrin , Kiani Amir , Nematifar Ziba , Sharafi Kiomars , Moradi Masoud , Fattahi Nazir 
Published: October 2022

In the present research, a novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent‐based dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction technique was established and combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet for the determination of triazine herbicides in fruit and vegetable samples. A deep eutectic solvent was synthesized using l‐menthol as a hydrogen bond acceptor and ethylene glycol as a hydrogen bond donor and used as a green extractant. The characterization of deep eutectic solvent was investigated by Fourier‐transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermogravimetric analysis. Under the optimum conditions, relative standard deviation values for intra‐day and inter‐day of the method based on seven replicate measurements of 50.0 μg/kg of triazines were in the range of 2.8%–5.5% and 3.7%–7.2%, respectively. The calibration graphs were linear in the range of 3.0–500 μg/kg and the limits of detection were in the range of 1.0–2.0 μg/kg. The relative recoveries of different fruit and vegetable samples that have been spiked with two levels of target compounds were 91.5%–109.8%. The method has good linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. It is also environmentally friendly and was successfully used to determine the concentrations of triazines in fruit and vegetable samples.
Giant basal cell carcinoma of the scrotum: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ogawa Hiroki , Kitamura Shinya , Seo Takashi , Yoshimoto Norihiro , Yanagi Teruki , Ujiie Hideyuki 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer. However, BCC on the scrotum is very rare, with an incidence of 0.03%. Giant BCC, in which the tumour is larger than 5 cm, has also been reported as a rare variant. Here, we report a 71‐year‐old male with a giant BCC on the scrotum and review similar cases reported in English. None of the four cases of giant BCC on the scrotum, including the present case, showed lymph node or distant metastasis. Wide local excision was conducted in all cases, and no recurrence was reported. The role of human papilloma virus in scrotal BCC development remains unclear.
Estimation of gas exchange coefficients from observations on the Yenisei River, Russia
Authors: Molodtsov Sergey , Anis Ayal , Li Dapeng , Korets Mikhail , Panov Alexey , Prokushkin Anatoly , Yvon‐Lewis Shari , Amon Rainer M. W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe gas exchange between water bodies and air is difficult to measure, thus the approximations of air–water gas exchange coefficient based solely on wind speed has been widely used. However, such approaches may not work well in river environments. In rivers, water currents may govern gas exchange. Thus, a new approximation for calculating the gas exchange coefficient (k) based on the near‐surface velocity scale (us) is suggested and compared to wind‐based estimates. Our velocity scale estimates are based on field observations during summer 2016 on the Yenisei River using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler, high‐frequency temperature profilers and a vessel‐mounted meteorological sensors‐suite. The results demonstrate that us‐derived gas exchange coefficients are higher than those based solely on wind speed. The results demonstrate that the wind approximation underestimates gas exchange coefficients during low‐wind conditions.
Spin‐Controlled Reconfigurable Excitations of Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons by a Compact Structure
Authors: Liu Jun Feng , Wu Jun Wei , Fu Xiaojian , Zhang Hao Chi , Tang Wenxuan , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe photonic spin Hall effect (SHE) arises from the spin–orbit interaction of lights and plays an important role in light–matter interactions. The phenomenon of spin‐momentum locking validates photonic SHE with unprecedented abilities in wave manipulation. Here, the directional coupling and spin‐momentum locking in spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP) are demonstrated. The transverse spin angular momentum in SSPP is calculated using effective medium theory and the study shows the spin direction is inherently locked to the propagation direction, thus manifesting the spin–orbit interaction of electromagnetic (EM) waves. The spin‐momentum locking is further verified by projecting linearly and circularly polarized waves onto a scatterer‐SSPP structure. It is observed that the helicity of the incident EM wave governs the propagation direction of excited SSPP modes and the directional coupling originates from constructive and destructive interferences of two orthogonal modes. Reconfigurable transmissions of SSPPs are further demonstrated. The proposed design can find applications in reconfigurable sensors, antennas, and power dividers. This approach demonstrates the spin‐momentum locking in SSPPs and introduces new degrees of freedom to manipulate SSPPs by engineering the helicity and interference of EM waves.
Recent advances in smart‐responsive hydrogels for tissue repairing
Authors: Hu Cheng , Yang Li , Wang Yunbing 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe rapid development of biomedical materials and tissue engineering technology has played an increasingly important role in the process of tissue repair in recent years. Smart‐responsive hydrogels are three‐dimensional network structures formed by cross‐linking of hydrophilic polymers. In addition to having conventional hydrogels that approximate the natural extracellular matrix structure and serve as delivery vehicles for functional molecules (drugs and proteins). More importantly, smart‐responsive hydrogels can achieve relevant changes in material morphology or properties under the conditions of changes in physical, chemical, and biological factors, thereby achieving controlled functional molecules release. It is more urgent to design and build smart‐responsive hydrogels to achieve precise tissue repair with the introduction of the concept of precision medicine and drug delivery. In this review, we highlight different types of smart‐responsive hydrogels and their mechanisms of response to different stimuli and discuss their potential for application in different types of tissue repair, such as chronic wound repair, damaged heart tissue repair, brain nerve tissue repair, and other fields. Finally, we present the prospects of smart‐responsive hydrogels in tissue repair. In general, the current progress in the application of smart‐responsive hydrogels in tissue repair lays the foundation for future applications in other diseases.