bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are cardiovascular health measures heritable across three generations of families in Soweto, South Africa? A cross-sectional analysis using the random family method
Authors: Ware Lisa J , Maposa Innocent , Kolkenbeck-Ruh Andrea , Norris Shane A , Soepnel Larske , Crouch Simone , Kagura Juliana , Naidoo Sanushka , Smith Wayne , Davies Justine 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesCardiovascular disease is increasing in many low and middle-income countries, including those in Africa. To inform strategies for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in South Africa, we sought to determine the broad heritability of phenotypic markers of cardiovascular risk across three generations.DesignA cross-sectional study conducted in a longitudinal family cohort.SettingResearch unit within a tertiary hospital in a historically disadvantaged, large urban township of South Africa.Participants195 individuals from 65 biological families with all three generations including third-generation children aged 4–10 years were recruited from the longest running intergenerational cohort study in Africa, the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort. All adults (grandparents and parents) were female while children were male or female.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was heritability of blood pressure (BP; brachial and central pressures). Secondary outcomes were heritability of arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity), carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (LVMI).ResultsWhile no significant intergenerational relationships of BP or arterial stiffness were found, there were significant relationships in LVMI across all three generations (p<0.04), and in cIMT between grandparents and parents (p=0.0166). Heritability, the proportion of phenotypic trait variation attributable to genetics, was estimated from three common statistical methods and ranged from 23% to 44% for cIMT and from 21% to 39% for LVMI.ConclusionsStructural indicators of vascular health, which are strong markers of future clinical cardiovascular outcomes, transmit between generations within African families. Identification of these markers in parents may be useful to trigger assessments of preventable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in offspring.
Effect of motion control versus neutral walking footwear on pain associated with lateral tibiofemoral joint osteoarthritis: a comparative effectiveness randomised clinical trial
Authors: Paterson Kade L , Bennell Kim L , Metcalf Ben R , Campbell Penny K , McManus Fiona , Lamb Karen E , Hinman Rana S 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo determine if motion control walking shoes are superior to neutral walking shoes in reducing knee pain on walking in people with lateral knee osteoarthritis (OA).DesignParticipant-blinded and assessor-blinded, comparative effectiveness, superiority randomised controlled trial.SettingMelbourne, Australia.ParticipantsPeople with symptomatic radiographic lateral tibiofemoral OA from the community and our volunteer database.InterventionParticipants were randomised to receive either motion control or neutral shoes and advised to wear them >6 hours/day over 6 months.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was change in average knee pain on walking over the previous week (11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), 0–10) at 6 months. The secondary outcomes included other measures of knee pain, physical function, quality of life, participant-perceived change in pain and function, and physical activity.ResultsWe planned to recruit 110 participants (55 per arm) but ceased recruitment at 40 (n=18 motion control shoes, n=22 neutral shoes) due to COVID-19-related impacts. All 40 participants completed 6-month outcomes. There was no evidence that motion control shoes were superior to neutral shoes for the primary outcome of pain (mean between-group difference 0.4 NRS units, 95% CI −1.0 to 1.7) nor for any secondary outcome. The number of participants experiencing any adverse events was similar between groups (motion control shoes: n=5, 28%; neutral shoes: n=4, 18.2%) and were minor.ConclusionsMotion control shoes were not superior to neutral shoes in improving knee pain on walking in symptomatic radiographic lateral tibiofemoral joint OA. Further research is needed to identify effective treatments in this important but under-researched knee OA subgroup.Trial registration numberACTRN12618001864213.
Development and validation of the INappropriate solid oral dosaGE form modification aSsessmenT (INGEST) Algorithm using data of patients with medication dysphagia from a neurology ward and nursing home in Singapore
Authors: Tan Poh Leng , Chung Wing Lam , Sklar Grant E , Yap Kai Zhen , Chan Sui Yung 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesThis study aims to develop and validate a novel implicit tool to assist clinicians in resource-limited settings to promptly assess suitability for modification of solid oral dosage forms (SODFs) during medication prescribing, review and/or administration for patients with dysphagia.DesignLiterature review and a group discussion were conducted to elicit items for the construction of the INappropriate solid oral dosaGE form modification aSsessmenT (INGEST) algorithm. For its validation, inter-rater reliability among three independent users was evaluated. Accuracy of users’ ratings was also evaluated against the screening results using theDon’t Rush to Crushhandbook.Setting and participantsThree pharmacists were involved in the development and another three were involved in the validation of the INGEST algorithm using anonymised medication records of 50 patients in a nursing home and a hospital ward; only SODFs that were modified prior to administration were evaluated.ResultsFollowing literature review, considerations included by consensus in the INGEST algorithm were the presence of special coating or modified release characteristics of the SODF medications, hazardous nature and taste of the active ingredients, manufacturer’s advice and use of tube feeding. Of the 381 SODF medications evaluated, 26 (6.8%) were identified by at least one pharmacist to be inappropriate for modification. Gwet’s AC among the three pharmacists in identifying SODF medications inappropriate for modification was 0.75 (p<0.001, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.87), and 0.80 (p<0.001, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.89) in identifying SODF medications appropriate for modification, suggesting substantial inter-rater agreement. Overall accuracy of each pharmacist’s ratings was high, ranging from 93.7% to 95.6%.ConclusionsThe implicit INGEST algorithm has potential for use by clinicians in nursing home and hospital settings for determining suitability of SODF medications for modification. Further studies should be conducted to assess its external validity and utilisation in daily practice for improving clinical outcomes for patients with SODF dysphagia.
Development of the OPAL prediction model for prediction of live birth in couples with recurrent pregnancy loss: protocol for a prospective and retrospective cohort study in the Netherlands
Authors: Youssef Angelos , van der Hoorn Marie-Louise , van Eekelen Rik , van Geloven Nan , van Wely Madelon , Smits Myrthe A J , Mulders Annemarie , van Lith Jan MM , Goddijn Mariëtte , Lashley Eileen 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the loss of two or more conceptions before 24 weeks gestation. Despite extensive diagnostic workup, in only 25%–40% an underlying cause is identified. Several factors may increase the risk for miscarriage, but the chance of a successful pregnancy is still high. Prognostic counselling plays a significant role in supportive care. The main limitation in current prediction models is the lack of a sufficiently large cohort, adjustment for relevant risk factors, and separation between cumulative live birth rate and the success chance in the next conception. In this project, we aim to make an individualised prognosis for the future chance of pregnancy success, which could lead to improved well-being and the ability managing reproductive choices.Methods and analysisIn this multicentre study, we will include both a prospective and a retrospective cohort of at least 931 and 1000 couples with RPL, respectively. Couples who have visited one of the three participating university hospitals in the Netherlands for intake are eligible for the study participation, with a follow-up duration of 5 years. General medical and obstetric history and reports of pregnancies after the initial consultation will be collected. Multiple imputation will be performed to cope for missing data. A Cox proportional hazards model for time to pregnancy will be developed to estimate the cumulative chance of a live birth within 3 years after intake. To dynamically estimate the chance of an ongoing pregnancy, given the outcome of earlier pregnancies after intake, a logistic regression model will be developed.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Ethical Research Committee of the Leiden University Medical Center approved this study protocol (N22.025). There are no risks or burden associated with this study. Participant written informed consent is required for both cohorts. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05167812.
Sustaining Rabi oscillations by using a phase-tunable image drive
Authors: De Raedt Hans , Miyashita Seiji , Michielsen Kristel , Vezin Hervé , Bertaina Sylvain , Chiorescu Irinel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recent electron spin resonance experiments on CaWO$$_4$$

4

:Gd$$^{3+}$$

3
+

and other magnetic impurities have demonstrated that sustained Rabi oscillations can be created by driving a magnetic moment with a microwave field frequency slightly larger than the Larmor frequency and tuned to the Floquet resonance, together with another microwave field (image drive) with a frequency smaller than the Larmor frequency. These observations are confirmed by the new experimental results reported in this paper. We use numerical and analytical techniques to study the interplay between the microwave drives and three different mechanisms of relaxation. The first model describes a magnetic moment subject to microwave fields, interacting with a bath of two-level systems which acts as a source of decoherence and dissipation. The second model describes identical, interacting magnetic moments, subject to the same microwave fields. The decay of the Rabi oscillations is now due to the interactions. Third, we study Rabi oscillation decay due to the inhomogeneity of the microwave radiation. We show that under appropriate conditions, and in particular at the Floquet resonance, the magnetization exhibits sustained Rabi oscillations, in some cases with additional beatings. Although these two microscopic models separately describe the experimental data well, a simulation study that simultaneously accounts for both types of interactions is currently prohibitively costly. To gain further insight into the microscopic dynamics of these two different models, we study the time dependence of the bath and system energy and of the correlations of the spins, data that are not readily accessible experimentally.

Graphic abstract
Reach and complementarity of $$\mu \rightarrow e$$ searches
Authors: Davidson Sacha , Echenard Bertrand 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn Effective Field Theory, we describe$$\mu \leftrightarrow e$$μ↔eflavour changing transitions using an operator basis motivated by experimental observables. This implies that$$\mu \rightarrow e_L \gamma $$μ→eLγ,$$\mu \rightarrow e_L \bar{e} e$$μ→eLe¯eand$$\mu \rightarrow e_L$$μ→eLconversion on nuclei probe a six-dimensional subspace, where we derive constraints on the New Physics scale from past and future experiments, illustrating the complementarity of the processes in an intuitive way.
Psychological and Functional Impact of a Small Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Diagnosis: A Mixed‐Methods Evaluation of the Patient Journey
Authors: Jelen Maria B. , Clarke Rosemary E. , Jones Bethany , Toma Ahmed K. , Pandit Anand S. 
Published: September 2022

Background
Following a diagnosis of a small unruptured intracranial aneurysm (sUIA), patients often experience psychological ailments which may be attributable to the neurovascular consultation, referral pathway, or long‐term imaging surveillance. Here, we aim to characterize the early sUIA patient journey and evaluate their psychosocial status.

Methods
A mixed‐methods analysis of sUIA patients attending a large tertiary neurosciences center was performed. For patients presenting to the neurovascular service in 2020, this included: (i) a thematic analysis of patient perspectives extracted from semistructured telephone interviews, (ii) a quantitative assessment of psychological status using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and (iii) an evaluation of functional independence using a customized activity of daily living questionnaire. The relationship between service or clinical factors, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale subscale scores was statistically tested.

Results
The sUIA patient cohort (n=105) had a mean age of 56.8 years (SD=15.8, female=69). Thematic analysis of interview responses (n=33) identified 5 recurrent themes underpinning the sUIA patient experience: referral, diagnosis and information sharing, imaging surveillance, psychological impairment and coping strategies, and activities of daily living, all of which contributed to patient concerns. A total of 53.6% of patients achieved a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score signifying at least mild anxiety and/or depression. Lifestyle changes most frequently affected after diagnosis included avoidance of straining‐intensive exercise, change in patterns of substance use, and work‐related performance. Multivariate analysis revealed no significant service or clinical predictors for anxiety or depression.

Conclusion
For some patients, an sUIA diagnosis appears to be associated, at least qualitatively, with a psychological burden. This is likely mediated through stressors related to the referral, diagnosis, neurosurgical consultation, and image surveillance. In the absence of evidence‐based guidelines regarding these aspects of the early patient journey, we offer suggestions aimed at improving both the neurovascular service and sUIA patient experience.
Jewish Conversion in the Riots of 1391: The Legal Justification
Authors: Yahalom Shalem 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study presents the halakhic rulings that preceded the riots of 1391 in Spain and provided the moral infrastructure that allowed the conversion to Catholicism of Rabbi Isaac ben Sheshet Perfet (known by the acronym Rivash) and many other Jews. Rivash was willing broadly to define duress, which exempts one from halakhic obligations. The rulings Rivash attributed to Rabbi Shlomo ben Avraham ibn Aderet (known by the acronym Rashba) – that the commandment “He shall live by them” applies even when a Jew is forced under the threat of death to abandon his faith and that the choice of martyrdom is a secondary religious commandment – were both revolutionary statements. They provided legitimacy to the religious elite – and, as a matter of course, to the simple folk – to choose life, even if it required converting to Christianity.
Imperial Screens: The Illusion of Cosmopolitanism in the Netflix Documentary Genre
Authors: Enzerink Suzanne 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This essay investigates the worldly parameters of the Netflix documentary genre. While Netflix on the surface communicates a rhetoric of a truly global vision for media production and circulation, data analysis shows that the documentary genre is still predominantly U.S. American. I use Raymond Williams’ 1975 caution that “genuinely open skies” would be almost impossible to materialize to interpret the implications of this in today’s global landscape. A close analysis of the 2019 Academy Award-winning documentary American Factory, a text that takes the cultural clash between the U.S. and China in the wake of globalization as its subject, reveals the geopolitical stakes of such documentary mediation and imbalance. Combining quantitative and qualitative readings ultimately offers a window onto the tensions between cultural imperialism and globalization in both form and content within the Netflix documentary genre.
Streaming Giants Carve New Paths in India: The Rise of Female Production, Content, and Consumption
Authors: Shields Amber 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This article examines how through their competitive drive to expand in India’s rapidly growing market, the streaming services Netflix and Amazon Prime are contributing to a shift in the country’s media production and content by opening up the market to more women creators and consumers. Beginning by looking at production shifts, this article will then explore how these shifts are impacting content. Streaming series examined here will include Netflix’s Bombay Begums (Alankrita Shrivastava, 2021) and Masaba Masaba (Ashvini Yardi, 2020) and Amazon Prime’s Four More Shots Please! (Rangita Pritish Nandy, 2019–2020) and Made in Heaven (Zoya Akhtar and Reema Kagti, 2019). All these shows not only center on female protagonists, but are created, written, and directed by women. Just as the new possibilities of multiplex cinema impacted mainstream cinema as filmmakers crossed between the alternative and multiplex markets and the mainstream, this shift has the potential to have ramifications in further content creation and will be something to watch as the streaming service sector continues to grow in India.
Romanian Film for the World: the Cultural Embedding of an Independent vod
Authors: Parvulescu Constantin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The article analyzes the catalog, acts of curation, and promotional materials of the Romanian-based vod platform Cinepub (www.cinepub.ro). It also draws evidence from an interview conducted with the founder and manager of the platform, Lucian Georgescu. The analysis reveals the embedding of the service in the Romanian cinema culture, as well as in a global digital periphery. Some of the aspects that make Cinepub’s service stand out, the article argues, can be interpreted as responses to and reflections of its embedding. The broader question raised by my case study is to what extent and under what conditions vods from the European periphery can become viable actors on present-day markets.
The Impact of Dropsonde Data on the Performance of the NCEP Global Forecast System during the 2020 Atmospheric Rivers Observing Campaign. Part I: Precipitation
Authors: Lord Stephen J. , Wu Xingren , Tallapragada Vijay , Ralph F. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The impact of assimilating dropsonde data from the 2020 Atmospheric River (AR) Reconnaissance (ARR) field campaign on operational numerical precipitation forecasts was assessed. Two experiments were executed for the period from 24 January to 18 March 2020 using the NCEP Global Forecast System, version 15 (GFSv15), with a four-dimensional hybrid ensemble–variational (4DEnVar) data assimilation system. The control run (CTRL) used all the routinely assimilated data and included ARR dropsonde data, whereas the denial run (DENY) excluded the dropsonde data. There were 17 intensive observing periods (IOPs) totaling 46 Air Force C-130 and 16 NOAA G-IV missions to deploy dropsondes over targeted regions with potential for downstream high-impact weather associated with the ARs. Data from a total of 628 dropsondes were assimilated in the CTRL. The dropsonde data impact on precipitation forecasts over U.S. West Coast domains is largely positive, especially for day-5 lead time, and appears driven by different model variables on a case-by-case basis. These results suggest that data gaps associated with ARs can be addressed with targeted ARR field campaigns providing vital observations needed for improving U.S. West Coast precipitation forecasts.
Racial Disparities in Administration of Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After Severe Traumatic Injuries
Authors: Zebley James A. , Estroff Jordan M. , Forssten Maximilian Peter , Bass Gary Alan , Cao Yang , Quintana Megan T. , Sarani Babak , Mohseni Shahin 
Published: September 2022

Background Race is associated with differences in quality of care process measures and incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in trauma patients. We aimed to investigate if racial disparities exist in the administration of VTE prophylaxis in trauma patients. Methods We queried the Trauma Quality Improvement Project database from 2017 to 2019. Patients ages ≥16 years old with ISS ≥15 were included. Patients with no signs of life on arrival, any AIS ≥6, hospital length of stay <1 day, anticoagulant use before admission, or without recorded race were excluded. Patients were grouped by race: white, black, Asian, American Indian, and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander. The association between VTE prophylaxis administration and race was determined using a Poisson regression model with robust standard errors to adjust for confounders. Results A total of 285,341 patients were included. Black patients had the highest rates of VTE prophylaxis exposure (73.8%), shortest time to administration (1.6 days), and highest use of low molecular weight heparin (56%). Black patients also had the highest incidence of deep vein thrombosis (2.8%) and pulmonary embolism (1.4%). Black patients were 4% more likely to receive VTE prophylaxis than white patients [adj. IRR (95% CI): 1.04 (1.03-1.05), P < .001]. American Indians were 8% less likely to receive VTE prophylaxis [adj. IRR (95% CI): .92 (.88-.97), P < .001] than white patients. No differences between white and Asian or Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander patients existed. Discussion While black patients had the highest incidence of DVT and PE, they had higher administration rates and earlier initiation of VTE prophylaxis. Further work can elucidate modifiable causes of these differences.
Adolescent self-efficacy mediates the relationship between perceived parenting practices and fruit and vegetable consumption in the FLASHE study
Authors: Orlowski Marietta , Shermadou Sumayyah , Lee Miryoung , Hinson-Enslin Amanda , Nahhas Ramzi W 
Published: September 2022

Objective: In the USA, few adolescents meet the national recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC). This study examined the associations between two perceived food parenting practice scales (Promote and Ensure FVC Intake) and adolescent FVC, and assessed whether these associations were mediated by adolescent self-efficacy. Design: The study took the form of a secondary data analysis of publicly available data from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating Study (FLASHE), a cross-sectional, Internet-based study administered by the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) between April and October 2014. Methods: Data from 1,354 parent–adolescent dyads were analysed. The PROCESS macro was used to conduct mediation analyses to estimate the indirect effect (IE) of each parenting practice on FVC through adolescent self-efficacy, adjusted for parental and adolescent characteristics. In addition, we examined whether adolescent age, gender, race/ethnicity or weight status moderated the mediation model. Results: The IEs were each statistically significant (Promote FV Intake: IE = 0.063, 95% bootstrap confidence interval [CI] = 0.046, 0.080; Ensure FV Intake: IE = 0.014, 95% bootstrap CI = 0.004, 0.024; p < .05 each), indicating significant mediation by adolescent self-efficacy. However, no adolescent characteristics moderated the effects of parenting practices on FVC through self-efficacy. Conclusions: Interventions should continue to promote parenting skills to improve adolescent self-efficacy and FVC. Insufficient evidence for moderation of the mediation effect by adolescent age, sex, race/ethnicity or weight status implies that the significant relationship between food parenting practices and FVC, mediated by self-efficacy, may operate similarly for adolescents that differ in each of these characteristics.