bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partially Balanced 3-Designs using Mutually Orthogonal Latin Squares
Authors: Karmakar Sayantani , Varghese Cini , Jaggi Seema , Harun Mohd , Kumar Devendra 
Published: April 2022

t-designs represent a generalized class of balanced incomplete block designs in which the number of blocks in which any t treatments (t ≥ 2) occur together is a constant. Like other families of incomplete block designs, t-designs find potential application in farming system research where the main concern would be to select the best combination out of a certain set of t-component farming systems for a specific agro-ecological zone. But in order to obtain t-balance we may require large number of blocks and replications. Partially balanced t-designs are introduced for experimental situations where it is not possible to get t-balanced designs. A series of partially balanced 3-designs are constructed using mutually orthogonal Latin Squares. These designs, though possess pair-wise balance, are not combinatorially balanced in terms of 3-tuples. They also satisfy the properties of 3-packing designs. The efficiency factor of these designs is quite high as v increases, the efficiency increases.
Indonesian Teachers’ Perceptions of Students’ Problems and The Possible Causes when Speaking English in The EFL Classroom
Authors: Maysaroh Anisatul , Fitriyah Siti Masrifatul , Suharjito Bambang 
Published: April 2022

English Speaking skill plays an important role in communication for EFL learners, including those in Indonesia. However, the problem of speaking English is a frequently encountered topic of discussion in the body of literature and in educational contexts. There are various problems that are listed as the possible causes of language learners’ incompetence in speaking English from teachers’ perceptions which have to be investigated. In order to examine the teachers’ perceptions of students’ problems and possible causes when speaking English in the EFL classrooms, I interviewed three English teachers in a junior high school. Semi structured-interview was used to generate data, which were then analysed by using the Interactive Model of data analysis. The results indicated that lack of vocabulary, lack of confidence, fear of making mistakes and language anxiety as students’ problems in speaking. In addition, the teachers perceived the possible causes derived from both intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as students’ motivation or willingness to practice speaking English and the environmental factors like family support which hindered the students from delivering their best speaking performance.
Design Rules for a Wearable Micro-Fabricated Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor
Authors: Jafarizadeh Borzooye , Chowdhury Azmal Huda , Khakpour Iman , Pala Nezih , Wang Chunlei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Wearable flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors hold wide-ranging potential in human health monitoring, electronic skin, robotic limbs and other human-machine interfaces. Out of the most successful recent efforts for arterial pulse monitoring are sensors with micro-patterned conductive elastomers. However, low current output signal (typically in the range of nanoamperes), bulky and expensive measurement equipment for useful signal acquisition inhibits their wearability. Herein, through finite element analysis we establish the design rules for a highly sensitive piezoresistive pressure sensor with output that is high enough to be detectable by simple and inexpensive circuits to ensure wearability. We also show that out of four frequently reported micro-feature shapes in micro-patterned piezoresistive sensors, micro-dome and micro-pyramid yield the highest sensitivity. Furthermore, investigations of different conductivity values of micro-patterned elastomers found that coating the elastomer with a conductive material (usually metallic) leads to higher current response when compared to composited conductive elastomers. Finally, geometric parameters and spatial configurations of micro-pyramid design of piezoresistive sensor were optimized. The results show that an enhanced sensitivity and higher current output is achieved by lower spatial density configuration of 3 micro-feature per millimeter length, smaller feature size of around 100 µm, and 60-50 degrees pyramid angle.
AAV-deliverable hypercompact adenine base editors based on transposase B guided by engineered RNA
Authors: Kim Do Yon , Chung Yuhee , Lee Yujin , Jeong Dongmin , Park Kwang-Hyun , Chin Hyun Jung , Lee Jeong Mi , Park Seyeon , Ko Sumin , Ko Jeong-Heon , Kim Yong-Sam 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Transposon-associated transposase B (TnpB) is deemed an ancestral protein for type V, Cas12 family members, and the closest ancestor to UnCas12f1 due to its high sequence similarity. Previously, we reported a set of engineered guide RNAs supporting high indel efficiency for Cas12f1 in human cells. Here, we suggest a new technology whereby the engineered gRNAs also manifest highly efficiency programmable endonuclease activity for TnpB, termed TaRGET (TnpB-augment RNA-based Genome Editing Technology). Having this feature in mind, we established TnpB-based adenine base editors. A codon-optimized Tad-Tad mutant (V106W, D108Q) dimer fused to the C-terminus of dTnpB (D354A) showed the highest levels of A-to-G conversion. The limited targetable sites for TaRGET-ABE were expanded by either developing several PAM variants of TnpB or by engineering TnpB and optimizing deaminases at PAM-distal and PAM-proximal sites, respectively. When delivered by AAV, the TaRGET-ABE showed potent A-to-G conversion rates in human cells. Collectively, the TaRGET-ABE will contribute to improving precise genome-editing tools that can be delivered by AAV, thereby harnessing the development of CRISPR-based gene therapy.
Spatial distribution of Dicrocoelium in the Himalayan ranges: potential impacts of ecological niches and climatic variables
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asim , Afshan Kiran , Sargison Neil D. , Betson Martha , Firasat Sabika , Chaudhry Umer 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dicrocoeliosis can be an important cause of production loss in ruminants due to the cost of liver condemnation at slaughter. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Dicrocoelium infection and to predict the ecological niches and climatic variables that support dicrocoeliosis in the Himalayan ranges of Pakistan. Thirty-three of 381 liver samples were collected at slaughter and 238 of 6060 blood samples from sheep and goat herds in the region were positive for Dicrocoelium. The prevalence of dicrocoeliosis was higher in sheep than in goats and highest in females aged greater than three years. An environmental risk map was created to predict active zones of transmission and showed the highest probability values in central parts of the Chitral district in the northwest of Pakistan. Climatic variables of the mean monthly diurnal temperature range (Bio2), annual precipitation (Bio12), and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) were found to be significantly (p<0.05) associated with the presence of Dicrocoelium infection. Together, the findings of this study demonstrate the most suitable ecological niches and climatic variables influencing the risk of dicrocoeliosis in the Himalayan ranges of Pakistan. The methods and results could be used as a reference to inform the control of dicrocoeliosis in the region.
Explore the Performance of Receiver Algorithm in OTFS Based on DNN
Authors: Li Qingyu , Gong Yi , Liu Yujia , Xu Zhan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
In high mobility communication scenarios, the frequency dispersion will destroy the orthogonality of subcarriers in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems and cause Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI). Instead, Orthogonal Time Frequency and Space (OTFS) modulation shows excellent performance in high mobility cases and can effectively counter ICI caused by Doppler shift. Previous OTFS receiver algorithms divide the receiver into different modules and design the schemes separately, making it difficult to achieve the optimum global performance of the whole receiver. In this paper, a data-driven OTFS receiver based on Deep Neural Network (DNN) is presented, which can jointly consider multiple tasks of the OTFS receiver. In addition, the leaky Rectified Linear Unit (leaky ReLU) is applied as the activation function to replace the ReLU, which can improve the accuracy of DNN. After the training process, the proposed data-driven OTFS receiver based on DNN can directly recover the initially transmitted data without explicit channel estimation. Moreover, the proposed OTFS receiver based on DNN can effectively counter channel distortion, which achieves good robustness for the variation of channel parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed data-driven OTFS receiver with DNN can achieve better performance than traditional methods.
Bioequivalence Study of Domperidone Dry Suspension in Chinese Healthy Subjects Under Fasted and Fed Conditions: An Open-label, Randomized, Single-dose, Crossover Trial
Authors: Wu lihua , Huang Qian , Lin Meihua , Kai Jiejing , Huang Yujie , Zhai You , Liu Jian , Shentu Jianzhong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background Domperidone, a selective antagonist of dopamine D2 receptors, has long been used as a prokinetic agents in the treatment of epigastric distress symptoms. This study aimed to provide adequate evidence for registration approval of a new genetic dry suspension formulation of domperidone by comparing the safety and pharmacokinetic profiles between the test and branded reference formulation in the context of fasted and fed condition.Methods It was designed as a randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-period, two-treatment crossover study. 32 and 28 eligible healthy subjects were enrolled in the fasted and fed study, respectively. Each subject was randomly assigned to receive either the test or reference formulation in the first period, followed by a 1-week washout period and dosing of the alternate formulation in the second period. A series of blood samples were collected at scheduled timepoints within 48 hours after administration during each treatment period. Plasma concentrations of domperidone were determined by validated HPLC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters, including Cmax, Tmax, AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, and t1/2, were acquired based on the concentration versus time profiles by non-compartmental analysis using WinNonlin software. Then the geometric mean ratios (GMR) of Cmax, AUC0–t and AUC0–∞ between the two formulations and corresponding 90% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for bioequivalence determination. Safety was assessed as routine.Results The two formulations showed similar pharmacokinetic profiles. Under fasted condition, the GMR and corresponding 90% CIs of AUC0–t, AUC0-∞ and Cmax were 101.48% (96.79% to 106.38%), 101.17% (96.66% to 105.90%) and 104.61% (96.73% to 113.14%) , respectively. Under fed condition, the GMR and corresponding 90% CIs were 105.46% (99.19% to 112.12%), 104.21% (98.19% to 110.61%) and 112.78% (103.64% to 122.73%), respectively for AUC0–t, AUC0-∞ and Cmax. All the values fell within the accepted bioequivalence range of 80% to 125%. Both the test and the reference products were well tolerated without any serious or unexpected adverse reactions.Conclusions Pharmacokinetic bioequivalence was established between the two dry suspension formulations of domperidone in Chinese healthy subjects. Both products were safe and well tolerated.Trial Registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900023947. Registered 19 June 2019- Retrospectively registered, http:// www.chictr.org.cn/ChiCTR1900023947.
Coherent charge transfer by intermolecular electron waveguides
Authors: Petek Hrvoje , Li Xintong , Chen Linjie , Li Andi , Xu Huimin , Shen Guangzhen , Liu Jianyi , Cui Xuefeng , Tan Shijing , Zhao Jin , Apkarian Vartkess , Wang Bing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Photon absorption and charge separation define the molecular efficiency to harvest light energy in natural photosynthesis, and capture optical signals in engineered photovoltaic devices1,2. Molecular materials offer a boundless design palette for light energy capture and electron transport. They act as chromophores, charge donors, conductors, and acceptors, providing charges and paths for their transport through molecular wires, like conjugated chains3 and double stranded DNA4,5. Charge can also flow intermolecularly, but that is inefficient because it is correlated with a molecular solvation cloud. Here we report on coherent waveguided electron transport as a new paradigm for charge transfer and separation. We show bipyridyl ethylene molecule self-assembled monolayer on Ag(111) surface act as a wet-electron quantum well waveguide6 for the coherent charge transfer spanning their length. We excite electrons from the metal-molecule surface state to a ladder of Floquet states7 and follow their waveguiding in energy and time into the molecule-vacuum image potential states8. Through ultrafast multiphoton photoemission spectroscopy7, we resolve the femtosecond timescale coherent charge flow, and capture the non-Markovian dynamics associated with the image potential formation9,10. Electron transport by templated molecular waveguide arrays provides a new design principle for coherent opto-electronics, and may elucidate unresolved puzzles in molecular conductivity.
Extent of utilization of radiologic images in gross anatomy teaching, experience of Ethiopian medical schools.
Authors: Fekadu Natae , Tekle Yared 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: One of the greatest developments in modern medicine is the strides taken in Radiology. Today, thanks to high tech gadgets like computer tomography (CT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound a noninvasive glimpse into the human interior has been made possible. Albeit few medical specialties still “open and see”, it is believed anatomical challenges to the majorities of practicing physicians come via this venue. To keep pace to this new development many medical school anatomy curriculums have undergone a face lift; emphasizing in their syllabus on radiologic Anatomy. This therefore is a work to determine if the strides taken in clinical radiology are paralleled in Ethiopian anatomic classes.Methodology: Through the Ethiopian anatomical society, members offering gross anatomy course to undergraduate medical students were identified. Once the identified individual had agreed to participate in our survey, an e-mail was sent directing them to the Web site that hosted the survey. Subsequently survey responses were compiled and analyzed.Result: Among 28 public medical schools found in Ethiopia, faculties from 20 medical schools participated. Of 42 anatomists available in these medical schools, 34 responded to the survey questions making response rate at 80.9%. The survey showed 55.9% of the instructors used radiologic images of one form or another in their teaching. However, it also revealed radiologic images comprise <5% of the total teaching images. It also showed majority (73.5%) of the instructors lacked any prior training or course work in radiologic anatomy. Despite full time radiology faculties existing in the schools a relationship between the anatomy and radiology department is virtually unheard of. Conclusion: This survey clearly indicated the role radiologic anatomy plays to be at rudimentary level. We have identified lack of prior training on the part of the instructors. We, therefore, recommend the concerned authorities provide continue medical education on radiologic anatomy.
Stock structure analysis of Upeneus vittatus based on morphometric, meristic and otolith shape analysis along the Indian coast
Authors: Nama Suman , Bhushan Shashi , Ramteke Karan Kumar , Jaiswar Ashok Kumar , Nayak Binaya Bhusan , Pathak Vikash , Akter Sahina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the stock structure of Upeneus vittatus from the Indian waters based on morphometric, meristic and otolith shape analysis. A total of 197 specimens were collected during ‘2018–2019’ from the three landing centres (Mumbai, Kakinada, and Puri) along the Indian coast and otolith from each specimen were removed carefully. The contours of each otolith were investigated using the quantitative shape analysis software package ShapeR and Wavelet transform analysis model. The otolith contours were further processed for multivariate methods such as canonical analysis of principal component (CAP) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The CAP results showed that wavelet transform methods effectively extract otolith shape contours. The LDA of Wavelet coefficients showed an overall correct classification of 77.1%. A total of 20 morphometric and 10 meristic traits were extracted and subjected to statistical analysis. Factor analysis (FA) of morphometric variables shows first three factors together contribute 85.38% of the total variation. The first and second factors exhibited significant variation on the pre-pelvic length, Pre- pectoral length, Head length, preorbital length, caudal peduncle length and preorbital length of the fish body. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) shows correct classification rate of 69.04%. Meristic characters do not show significant variation among the sampled locations. Our findings suggest the existence of two different stocks of U. vittatus along the Indian coast. We need to adopt different management strategies for sustainable exploitation of the resources. The study recommends that otolith shape analysis is an efficient phenotypic marker to assess the stock structure of fishes than morphometric analysis.
Iron to catalyze ammonia synthesis at low temperature
Authors: Hara Michikazu , Hattori Masashi , Okuyama Natsuo , Kurosawa Hiyori 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ammonia is used to provide food for over 5 billion people; however, it is currently required to be produced without the use of fossil fuels to reduce global CO2 emissions by 3% or more. To significantly decrease the energy consumed to produce ammonia from H2 and N2 with heterogeneous catalyst by the Haber-Bosch (HB) process, both H2 production from water and the HB process could be driven with only renewable electricity toward ammonia production without CO2 emissions. It is thus indispensable to devise heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of ammonia below 100‒150 °C to minimize the energy consumption of the process. Furthermore, the desired catalyst should be produced from ubiquitous and abundant resources on a large scale to maintain ammonia production that would reach 170 million tons per year. Here we report metallic iron as a catalyst for ammonia synthesis at 100 °C in combination with an electron-donating material as a new approach. The iron catalyst revealed that iron can exhibit a few hundred to several thousand times higher efficiency (turnover frequency) for ammonia synthesis than other transition metals used in highly active catalysts because of the intrinsic nature of iron to desorb adsorbed hydrogen atoms as hydrogen molecules at low temperature.
WITHDRAWN: Changing the morphology of biofilm materials to improve the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification stability of rotating biological contactors with seasonal changes
Authors: Gao Cheng , Chen Yi , Ao Tianqi , Guo Qingpeng , Chen wenqing 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Rotating biological contactors (RBCs) have the advantages of simple operation, low sludge output, small footprint, and low operating cost and have been extensively studied. This study investigated the pollutant removal effects of two polyethylene materials with different specific surface areas and pore structures (flat and cylindrical) in RBC low-temperature operation. The results of 16S amplicon sequencing showed that fillers with porous channels and a large specific surface area can improve the stability of the microbial community structure and the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) efficiency of RBCs with seasonal changes. Under low-temperature (10°C) operating conditions, the removal efficiencies of the flat, porous D material for chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were 74%, 60%, and 55%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of the cylindrical single-hole X material for COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen were 48%, 38%, and 35%, respectively. The results are of great significance for the practical application of RBCs, especially in low-temperature environments.
Expression of Tie2 (angiopoietin receptor) on the monocyte subpopulations from ischemic stroke patients: Histological and flowcytometric studies
Authors: Alrafiah Aziza R 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Introduction:Different monocytes subpopulations have a distinct role as phagocytic subsets but also act as pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic subsets (i.e.Tie2-expressing monocytes, or TEMs).Recruitment of the monocyte-derived macrophages to the affected brain occurs most abundantly between 3–7 days after the occurrence of ischemic stroke. Aim:To investigate the expression levels of Tie2 (a receptor of angiopoietin) on monocytes and their subpopulations using histological and immune-histological study of bone marrow biopsies and blood flowcytometric examination from ischemic stroke patients.Methods:Ischemic stroke patients were selected within 2 days after clinical confirmation by medical consultants. Healthy volunteers matched with age and sex participated as the control group. Bone marrow trephine biopsies from the iliac crest were performed and fixed for histological and immunohistological staining by anti CD14 and CD68. Fresh blood samples were collected and analyzed by flowcytometry for total monocytes, monocyte subpopulations and Tie2 expressing monocytes (TEMs), following staining with CD45, CD14, CD16, and Tie2 monoclonal antibodies. Results:Examination of poststroke patients’ bone marrow cells demonstrated hypercellularity. There were an apparent increase of CD 68 and CD 14 positive cells expression. Also, the ischemic stroke patients exhibited a significant increase in the percentage of intermediate monocytes CD14highCD16+ with a low percentage of non-classical CD14lowCD16++ monocytes. In addition,Tie2 expressing monocytes were significantly higher in ischemic stroke patients compared to the control group.Conclusion:In conclusion, the current results demonstrated dysregulation of the angiogenic function of monocytes subsets, which could be an early diagnostic marker to start either a neurovascular repair therapy or improve medications attributed to highly senescent subpopulations.
Impact of confinement on the reduction of pollution and particulate matter concentrations. Reflections for public transport policies.
Authors: Urrutia-Mosquera Jorge Andrés , Flórez-Calderón Luz Angela 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We use official data from the Chilean Government's National Air Quality Information System (SINCA) for the Metropolitan Region of Santiago and estimate the impact of COVID-19 confinement on the variation in concentration levels of particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10. We also measured the impact on the variation of NOx levels. All three pollutants are related to the transport sector. We found that overall, there is a significant difference between the average concentration levels of particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 reported in 2019 and 2020. As well as the concentration levels of NOx, in the periods, indicated. In particular, we found that, for the months of total confinement, May-July, monthly average levels decreased between 7% and 19% for particulate matter PM2.5; between 18% and 50% for particulate matter PM10 and between 34% and 48% for NOx gas. These results represent the maximum indirect impact that can be expected in reducing the concentration levels of these pollutants as a result of an eventual transport policy aimed at reducing the concentration levels of PM2.5, PM10, and NOx in the city of Santiago de Chile.