bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oppel – Kundt illusion manifestation among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Pečkutė A. , Leskauskas D. , Bulatov A. , Diržius E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionVarious studies have reported differences in early visual processing, gain control and integration for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). However, Oppel – Kundt (OK) illusion is not studied well enough among subjects affected by SSD. We decided to study the illusion to get more insights in visual perception for individuals with SSD.ObjectivesTo investigate the OK illusion manifestation among people with SSD.MethodsIn the prospective study were included 15 patients, who were diagnosed with SSD and 15 matched comparison group (CG) without any mental, neurological diseases or visual impairment. OK figures used in the experiments consisted of three white spots presented horizontally against the black background. We used 3 different types of distractor stimuli – either straight one or two-sided line or circle. Using computerized equipment in OK figures the subjects were asked to adjust the unfilled part of the stimulus to be equal in length to the filled (referential) one. ANOVA, T-test and post hoc Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis.ResultsPeople with SSD tended to make bigger mistakes when evaluating OK figures with the statistical difference which was the most eminent for the subgroup of individuals affected by paranoid schizophrenia. The manifestation of the illusion in the SSD group was contrariwise (respectively to zero point) to the CG group.ConclusionsOK illusion tended to manifest stronger for patients with SSD, this tendency was mostly expressed for the patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. The manifestation of OK illusion among persons with SSD was diametrically opposite to that seen for the healthy individuals.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Vigo Insight Monitoring Scale in Schizophrenia (VIMS): validation in a sample of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Vazquez Noguerol Mendez R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLack of awareness of the disease is one of the most frequent symptoms (<80%) of schizophrenia, and it is accepted to have different aspects: cognitive, related to compliance, specific symptoms, and temporary. The detection of those dimensions of insight affected, allows to select and prioritize the objectives and therapeutic strategies to improve it.ObjectivesTo develop a multidimensional scale for monitoring insight in schizophrenia patientsMethodsA scale with 9 insight dimensions has been developed: appreciation of symptoms, acceptance of the cause, clinical and functional repercussions, limitations and level of competence, expected evolution and prognosis, terapeutic, and other factors. risk of decompensation. Each dimension is weighted from 0-4 points, and the result is expressed numerically and graphically. The scale was administered to 60 patients with schizophrenia on three occasions. The initial one by two psychiatrists consecutively, and the third three months after stable treatment. Other clinical and sociodemographic variables were also collected.ResultsIn the analysis, reliability, internal consistency, and intra- and interobserver reliability, logical, content, criterion and construct validity were assessed, obtaining satisfactory results in Cronbach’s coefficients and Pearson’s correlation (> 0.7 and > 0.8).ConclusionsThe scale has good reproducibility, validity, sensitivity and utility characteristics, which allow its use in patients with schizophrenia.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Therapeutic challenge in delusional disorder: a case report and literature review
Authors: Trindade P. , Laginhas C. , Adão C. , Canas-Simião H. , Ribeirinho Marques A. , Caetano R. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDelusional disorder (DD) is defined by the presence of one or more delusions, of at least one month’s duration, in the absence of prominent hallucinations or other symptoms of schizophrenia. Although functioning may not be markedly impaired, the delusion(s) or its ramifications may have a significant impact in the patient’s life. With a life-time prevalence of 0.18%, DD is still neglected in terms of approved treatment recommendations.ObjectivesWe present the case of a patient diagnosed with DD and discuss the treatment of DD according to current evidence.MethodsRelevant clinical information was extracted from the patient’s clinical process. A non-systematic review was made in Pubmed database with the terms “Delusional Disorder” and “Treatment”.ResultsMale, 76 years old, divorced, living alone, autonomous. First admitted at age 62 in our inpatient psychiatry ward for a persecutory delusion regarding his neighbors. He was discharged with the diagnosis of DD and started a follow-up in a mental health community team. He abandoned treatment and psychiatric consultation after 9 years. During 17 years he moved home more than 10 times due to a progressive dynamism of the delusion, leading to recent marked behavior changes towards his neighbors. He is again admitted in our inpatient psychiatry ward.ConclusionsThis case illustrates the impact that untreated DD can have on its patients. Although consensus using antipsychotics, there are still insufficient studies to make evidence-based recommendations to treat people with DD. Further research is needed in this sense.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Could Computational Approaches Challenge How we Understand and Tackle Mental Disorders Stigma?
Authors: Gargot T. 
Published: September 2022

Most psychiatric disorders (between 50% and 90%) remain untreated although effective treatments exist (Kohn et al., 2004). Stigma is frequent toward patients and mental health professionals (Rüsch et al., 2005). It impairs access to care especially during the early signs, amplifying the treatment gap, mainly due to a shortage of resources. How the brain makes prior internal models of the world could explain why we all stigmatize. The Bayesian brain hypothesis describes the optimal combination of priors, coming from our evolution, our memory and our perceptions, to make decisions (Parr et al., 2018). This can be intuitively understood by visual illusions, but also medical categorical diagnostic reasoning (Medow, 2011). These priors allow to simplify the world and categorize people (Sherman et al., 1998). Beyond cognitive modelling, Computational approaches also led to the development of several electronic devices, from apps to social robots, (Gargot et al., 2021). Patients reported that it was easier to self-disclose toward an avatar, that cannot judge, than toward a therapist (Hang and Gratch, 2010). These technologies could improve early, scalable as well as efficient access to care (Andersson et al., 2019). Empathy is the best strategy to tackle stigma. What is it exactly? Good therapist-patient synchronization of brains (Czeszumski et al., 2020) and bodies (Ramseyer et Tschacher, 2011) could foster better communication and thus empathy. There is an urgent need to promote research in empathy (Belzung, 2017), non-specific factors in psychotherapy mechanisms (Miller et Moyers, 2021) and psychotherapy online training resources (Gargot et al., 2020).DisclosureThomas Gargot was paid by the French ministry of research (Doctoral school), French ministry of health (médaille d’argent, CCA-AHU) for a PhD and CCA position. During his PhD, he prepared several scientific presentations with Dr Asselborn. This work led
A novel approach to patients with schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes showing low treatment compliance
Authors: Argitis P. , Karampas A. , Bringiotti P. , Karavia S. , Pikou O. , Kakavitsas F.-E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionPatients with schizophrenia usually demonstrate low compliance to medication. This could be a component of the disorder or a fact that they are not being properly cared.Objectives
To prevent this in, we tried to treat these patients with long term action antidiabetic agents, in order to achieve better compliance.MethodsHbA1C measurements of patients suffering from schizophrenia and at the same time receiving oral antidiabetic treatment were conducted. 62 patients were found that fell under the criteria of non regulated type 2 diabetes and at the same time presented less than 70% complied with their antidiabetic pharmaceutical treatment. We modified the antidiabetic treatment of these patients, with the introduction of dulaglutide.ResultsWithout intervening with their nutritional habits there was a decline in HbA1C measurements from the average rate of 9,4% to the average rate of 7,6%, as well as an average 6,31% reduction of their body weight.ConclusionsDue to the improvement of the general medical condition of these patients, the answer to the question whether these patients should be treated with a long term antidiabetic medicines, is positive. The arrival of new long term action antidiabetic medicines in the near future, promises to improve the life quality of schizophrenic patients furthermor.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Homeostasis Model Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in First Episode Psychosis
Authors: Garcia De Jalon E. , Aranguren Conde L. , Aquerreta Unzue A. , Gutiérrez Talavera G. , Corrales Rodriguez A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is common in chronic psychosis but also exists in the early stages. HOMA-IR is an independent predictor of cardiovascular diseases and has already been described in first episode of psychosis.ObjectivesTo determine whether HOMA levels differ according to MetS at each time assessment over 2 years.MethodsMetS and HOMA levels are determined at baseline and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months in a sample of 50 patients participating in the PEPsNa Early Intervention Programme during two years of follow-up. Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria are used to define MetS. Insulin resistance measured with the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) is computed with the formula fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) times fasting insulin (mIU/mL) divided by 405. Mann-Whitney U Test are used to compare HOMA variable according to presence of metabolic syndrome.ResultsThe results showed that HOMA levels differed statistically significantly between patients who met MetS criteria and those who did not at 12 (p<0.046) and 24 (p<0.004) months of treatment.ConclusionsGiven the small sample size the results of our study indicate that there is a sustained relationship over time between HOMA levels and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and that the HOMA IR may be useful in identifying those patients with an increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Do Women have More Barriers for Professional Development?
Authors: Kilic O. 
Published: September 2022

Women consistently fare worse than men in different professional metrics in terms of salary, promotions, grant money, and scholarly publishing. In clinical and management leadership roles, a similar trend of underrepresentation for women exists. It has been shown in academic publishing that women progressed to senior author positions at a slower pace, resulting in their ongoing underrepresentation as senior writers. Previous literature has shown that one of the most effective strategies for promoting women to leadership positions is the collaboration with men to identify attitudinal and institutional barriers, since gender equality is not only a “women’s concern.” To address this, a cross-sectional, multinational survey was disseminated in English (SurveyMonkey) to psychiatric trainees and psychiatrists across Europe. This study aims to explore the perspectives of female and male psychiatrists on the obstacles they face in their careers. The survey covered items on self-promotion, current institutional environment, and networking along with contextual information- age, gender, professional degree, current field, and years of professional experience in the current field. We hope that the presentation of these findings will serve as a springboard for future educational activities to address concerns connected to the gender gap. The speaker will present the comparison of female and male psychiatrists’ barriers and challenges they face during their professional development. This talk is hoped to elicit discussion in preparation for future action and inform a roadmap for addressing issues related to the gender gap with subsequent educational events.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Clinical specificities of depression with overvalued ideas in slow progressive schizophrenia
Authors: Barkhatova A. , Kolyago O. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDespite the high interest in affective aspects of endogenous depression, the question of overvalued ideas remains unclear.ObjectivesTo determine the clinical features of depression with overvalued ideas in the context of slow progressing schizophrenia.MethodsThe study involved 102 people, including 62 women and 40 men diagnosed with slow progressing schizophrenia, with moderate or severe depression, with the predominance of overvalued ideas (F21 in ICD-10). The control group had 110 people with similar distrubution by sex and age all diagnosed with a depressive state formed in the context of slow progressing schizophrenia, without overvalued ideas. Research methods were mainly clinical-psychopathological and clinical-catamnestic.ResultsIn the majority of observations (62.5%) in the comparison group, showed a uncomplicated form of depression, only limited to affective level. In the (37.5%) left, depression was characterized by a structural polymorphism, in addition to affective disorders, there were other psychopathological syndromes observed. In the main group, an inverse relationship was observed: uncomplicated depression in 29.2% of cases, while the overwhelming majority of cases (70.8%) experienced atypical depressions, disharmony of the affective triad, as well as an increase in the concomitance of neurotic and psychopathic symptoms were observed.ConclusionsThe cohort of patients with slow progressive schizophrenia with depression is heterogeneous, while the features of the course of the disease correlate both with the presence or absence of overvaluated formations in the picture of depression, and with the features of the modification of the overvaluated ideas during the disease.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Marker of schizophrenia with enduring negative symptoms
Authors: Dmitrieva E. , Smirnova L. , Semke A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe relevance of this study is determined by the need to search for biological markers of schizophrenia. The detection and validation of such molecules can become the basis for the creation of additional paraclinical diagnostic methods or contribute to the creation of targets for individual pharmacotherapy, which is an important task of modern fundamental medicine.ObjectivesComparative proteomic analysis of serum in schizophrenic patients with positive and negative symptoms.MethodsThe study includes 10 healthy donors and 27 patients with schizophrenia. Samples preparation included: serum purification from major proteins via affinity chromatography, 1D-PAGE proteins separation, in-gel tryptic hydrolysis, LC-MS/MS mass-spectrometry (Orbitrap Q-exactive HF mass spectrometer, Agilent Technologies). Identification of proteins was carried out using Mascot software Ver. 2.1 («Matrix Science», USA). Proteins for quantitative analysis were selected in view of the DISGENET database. Quantitative LC-MS-SRM analysis of selected protein was performed on QQQ TSQ Vantage (Thermo Scientific) with labeled peptide standards.ResultsReceptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 was selected for quantitative assessment. Significant differences were revealed in the RIPK1 concentrations in the serum of schizophrenic patients with negative and positive symptoms (p=0.02). The serum concentration of RIPK1 in patients with negative symptoms is tenfold in patients with positive symptoms.ConclusionsReceptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 can be considered a biomarker of negative symptoms of schizophrenia based on a significant increase in serum concentration. Mass spectrometric analysis was carried out of the “Human Proteome” Core Facility of the Institute of Biomedical Chemistry Moscow. Support by Grant of RSF № 18-15-00053P.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Paranoia
Authors: Gordillo Montaño M.J. , Rodriguez Rodriguez L. , Boned Torres S.V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionParanoid ideas occur very often in humans (prevalence of 0.2%). According to several studies, the origin could be found in a genetic predisposition to a selective hyperdopaminergia related to the D2 receptor and dopamine neurotransmitter dysfunction.ObjectivesTo delve into this pathology, including origin and development, epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical aspects, differential diagnosis, treatment, evolution and prognosis.MethodsWe conducted a literature review of delusional disorder.ResultsThe disease appears in middle age, between ages 35 and 55, being slightly more frequent in women. It seems to affect more economically and educationally disadvantaged social strata, and it is more frequent in immigrants. The onset is usually progressive and insidious. Correct perception but delusional interpretation: the objectivity of what is perceived is disturbed by the subjectivity of what is registered. The delirium is usually logical, contagious, and frequently credible. Patients retain their lucidity. It is very important to make a correct differential diagnosis with schizophrenia. With regard to treatment, the therapeutic relationship with the patient will be basic. If possible, psychotherapy should be combined with pharmacological treatment (second generation antipsychotics being the treatment of choice). In general, their evolution is compatible with out-of-hospital life, being considered “odd guys”.ConclusionsThe risk of suffering from Delusional Disorder during the lifetime is between 0.05 and 0.1%. This pathology constitutes 1-4% of all psychiatric admissions. Therefore, it is essential to know it in depth in order to be able to manage it properly.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Development of approaches to stratification of patients with schizophrenia based on cytokine levels using cluster analysis
Authors: Ermakov E. , Boiko A. , Parshukova D. , Dmitrieva E. , Ivanova S. , Buneva V. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAlterations in a variety of immune parameters, including abnormal cytokine levels, are known to be found in schizophrenia. These changes can be useful in identifying patients with the most severe immune abnormalities.ObjectivesTo develop approaches to stratification of schizophrenia patients based on cytokine levels using cluster analysis.MethodsWe recruited 53 patients (25 women/28 men) with a verified diagnosis of simple or paranoid schizophrenia and 37 healthy individuals (19 women/18 men) in our study. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TNFα, INFα, BAFF, GM-CSF, NGFβ, NRG1, and GDNF were determined using a MAGPIX multiplex analyzer (Luminex, USA). Statistical analysis was performed in Statistica 10.ResultsPrincipal component analysis and partial least-squares discriminant analysis showed that the combined multi-cytokine profiles of the studied groups differ. The results of the k-means cluster analysis are presented in Table 1 The most reliable results are obtained by a combination of 4 variable: IL-1β, IL- 4, BAFF and GDNF. Table 1 Percent of individuals classified in different clusters depending of number of parameters using for classification.Number of variables for classification
Healthy individualsSchizophrenia patientsCluster 1Cluster 2Cluster 1Cluster 210 variables5,496,426,473,64 variables010011,188,93 variables2,797,329,670,42 variables8,191,920,479,6ConclusionsA subgroup (сluster 1) of schizophrenic patients with severe immune abnormalities was identified using data on the levels of IL-1β, IL-4, BAFF and GDNF. Anti-inflammatory therapy is recommended for this subgroup of patients. Support by Grant of RSF № 21-75-00102.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Prodromal phase and first episode psychosis in schizophrenia: early signs and diagnosis
Authors: Buciuc A.-G. , Tapoi C. , Sindrilaru M.-I.-T. , Grecu A. , Petcu C. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe detection of the initial prodrome of schizophrenia (SK) before the first episode psychosis remains a major concern in current psychiatric research.ObjectivesIn this paper we aimed to analyse clinical and psychopathological aspects of prodromes leading to first-lifetime psychotic episodes and to highlight the high-risk features in order to establish preventive strategies and to provide early intervention in SK.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational descriptive study conducted in the ‘Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia’ Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry in Bucharest, Romania. We collected data from the medical records of 139 patients previously diagnosed with SK who were admitted to our clinic. For all included patients, diagnoses were recorded according to the DSM-IV TR and ICD-10 classification criteria. Data collected included patient demographics and clinical information. All analyses were conducted using SPSS package.ResultsOf the 139 patients included in this study, 130 patients (93,5%) presented prodromal symptoms. 73 of these patients (52,5%) presented with negative symptoms that were more common in our study in single male patients that had low academic performance and a family history of mental illness, findings consistent with the literature. A decline in social functioning decline was observed in 64 patients (46%) prior to their first admission. 87 patients (62,6%) had a prodromal phase which lasted more than one year.ConclusionsThese findings support the value of early psychopathology in predicting the diagnosis of SK, but clinical guidelines are needed for a more systematic evaluation of the SK prodrome.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The use of technologies and social media in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Elleuch O. , Zouari L. , Omri S. , Feki R. , Gassara I. , Smaoui N. , Ben Thabet J. , Charfi N. , Maalej M. , Maalej M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionTechnologies such as the phone , the computer , and social media network nowadays are becoming more and more available to everyone including patients with mental illnesses.ObjectivesOur study aimed to examine the prevalence of technology use in individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.MethodsStudy participants were recruited from the outpatient unit of the department C of psychiatry in Hedi Chaker hospital of Sfax , Tunisia. A total of 38 male patients were recruited , from whom the diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder according to the DSM-5 criteria had been confirmed. Socio-demographic and clinical information as well as details about their technology use were was collected from all the patients.ResultsOf the 38 study participants, 65.8% owned a cell phone , and 52.6% used the cell phone to send or receive messages. A rate of 21.1% owned a computer , 34.2% had internet access and 28.9% had an email account. A rate of 23.7% used social media. Facebook was the most popular social media site. 72% of cell phone owners would like to communicate with their doctor via text messages , and 68% would like to be reminded of their appointments via text messages. Among social media users , 55.6% expressed their interest in a social-media-based doctor-patient communication and appointment reminders.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that these technologies afford an opportunity to improve the management of these patients.DisclosureNo significant relationships.