bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peach, Insecticide Test, 1976
Authors: Hall Franklin R. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated in a seasonal program for control of major peach-insects using 2 trees each of Halehaven, Golden Jubilee, Elberta and Cumberland peach varieties per treatment. Treatments were applied to run-off using a hand gun and truck-mounted Mers hydraulic sprayer at 450-500 psi (250-300 gal/acre). Applications were made at shuck split on May 12, and 5 cover sprays on May 25, June 7, June 21, July 7, and July 20. All plots except the check included Captan 50WP at 1 lb ai/100 gal. Oriental fruit moth (OFM) injury rated by counted total number of infested terminals/tree on June 25. Fruit drops were collected and rated on July 28 for Golden Jubilee, August 10, for Halehaven and August 25 for Elberta. Cumberland fruits were frozen by a late freeze. Harvest fruit ratings were made by collecting in minimum of 1 bushel per replicate tree on August 9, for Golden Jubilee, August 12 for Halehaven and August 30 '76 for Elberta.
Suppression of Dearness Scale on Cranberry, 1976
Authors: Jackson J. O. , Koval C. F. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
In northeastern Monroe County, insecticides were applied to cranberry foliage and vines in 4 large plots (50 x 200 ft) using a hand gun with no. 7 disc, which delivered spray from a 50 gal tank at 150 psi. Three plots were treated at 2 times. The first application (June 9) corresponded with the first observed scale crawler emergence, the second (June 17) with peak emergence. One plot was treated only at peak emergence. A fifth plot was treated through the sprinkler irrigation system (Rainbird 70B impact sprinkler, 3/16 inch nozzle) on June 14 and 24. A stratified random sample was taken of each plot, by the use of 4 transects with 19 points at 10 ft intervals per transect (N = 76). Each random point served as a mid-point for a circular square foot sampling unit. Developing scales were counted in mid-July on vines collected within the square foot area.
Citrus Red Mite Control with Baam, Chlorbenzilate, and Ethion, 1976
Authors: Tuttle D. M. , Arvizo G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BAAM was tested at four locations. Two rates were used (3 1/3 and 5 . 0 pt/acre) and these were compared to standard treatments and an untreated check. The plots were 5-acres each and applications were made on March 9 w i th a speed sprayer at the rates and dosage shown in the t able . The lemons were of the variety Lisbon on the Yuma mesa at the Didier Ranch, Yuma, AZ. The number of mites at the time was low to moderate but distribution appeared to be general throughout the test areas.
Aphid Control on Pecans, 1976
Authors: Ball Joe C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental block was in an orchard of mature pecan trees spaces 47 ft x 47 ft (20 trees/acre). Two test trees were "seedlings", the remainder Schley variety. There were three to four single tree replicates per treatment. Application was with a Myers "Mity Mist" speed sprayer delivering 4.5 gallons per tree (5X). Heavy rains fell approximately three hrs after spraying. Treatment date was September 24. A pretreatment aphid count was taken on September 23 and a five day posttreatment count on September 29. The sample was from ten randomly selected compound leaves from each tree. Because of large initial differences between plots, analysis of variance was on the percent living after treatment ((post-treatment/pretreatment) × 100).
Phylloxera Control on Louisiana Pecans, 1976
Authors: Boethel David J. , McBride Jere M. , Ezell Jim E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experiment was conducted on mature 'Caspiana' pecan trees at Whitehall, LA. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with 5 single tree replications per treatment. Applications were made with a John Bean 957 sprayer with each tree receiving ca 35 gal of spray. The Superior 70 Oil was applied February 26 while all other treatments were applied April 2. Evaluation occurred May 3 by counting the number of terminals infested and the number of phylloxera galls present on 75 randomly selected terminals per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Cabbage Looper Control on Cabbage, 1976
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Golden Acre YR cabbage seed was planted August 24 in 40 inch beds with two seed rows per bed. Individual plots were two beds wide, 25 feet long and replicated three times in a randomized block design. Plots were separated from each other by an untreated guard bed. Treatments were started September 28 and were applied on a weekly schedule. Six applications were made during the growing season. All sprays were applied using a 2 gallon CO2 pressurized-type hand sprayer with a two nozzle boom, operated at 50-55 psi. Effectiveness of the different treatments was measured by counting the number of cabbage looper eggs and larvae on 10 plants from the middle two rows of each plot. Worm damage evaluation was made on 40 plants per plot on November 18. A 1 to 5 rating scale was used: 1 indicating no damage and 5 indicating heavy damage. Cabbage looper eggs and larvae were present in all plots most of the season, however, the majority of the larvae in the treated plots were 1st and 2nd instar, while many of those in the check plots were later instars. Very little damage was caused by the small loopers in the treated plots, whereas the larger ones caused heavy damage in the check plots.
Corn Earworm Control, 1976
Authors: Hiller Larry K. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Twelve chemicals and microbial treatments at various rates were applied to corn grown under furrow irrigation on the WSU Research Unit at Royal Slope. Experimental plots were four rows × 50 ft long, with 15-ft alleys within rows and one blank row between adjacent treatments, replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Four applications were made at 4-day intervals beginning Aug 19'76 (10% silk) using a "Highboy" tractor-mounted, high-clearance experimental plot sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 40 psi. Weather conditions were normal during the application periods. Ten days after the last application, 25 ears were randomly selected from the two middle rows of each plot. Each sample was checked for number of ears damaged and number of dead and live earworms present. Extent of damage was rated for length of tunnels from ear tip using an index of 1 to 5 where 1 =• 0.5 cm, 2 = 0.5-1.5 cm, 3 = 1.5-3 cm, 4 = 3-5 cm, and 5 = &gt; 5 cm, and for circumference where 1 = • 2 kernels, 2 = 4 l/4&gt; 3 = 1/4-1/2, 4 = 1/2-3/4, and 5 = 3/4 up to entire circumference of the ear. Materials tested were also evaluated for honey bee toxicity, using an index of 0 to 5 where 0 has no hazard, 1 has short residual hazard, and 5 has long residual hazard.
Fall Armyworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1976
Authors: Waddill Van 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Corn was planted Feb 25, 1976. Plots consisted of single rows 6 ft apart, 20 ft long. All materials were applied to the whorl March 9 at the rate of 50 gal water per acre with a 2 j gal handheld sprayer with 40 psi. The corn was approximately 8 i n . tall at application. Larval counts were made 1 and 7 days post-treatment. The numbers of fall armyworm larvae per plant were determined on each sampling date by sacrificing 10 plants, selected at random, from each plot. Duncan's multiple range test was used to analyze the data.
Melonworm, Diaphania Hyalinata, Control on Cucurbits, 1976
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'Morgan' melon and 'Poinsett' cucumbers were planted August 27, 1976 on black polyethylene plastic mulched beds (0.8 m wide by 0.2 m high) of Myakka fine sand as subplots in a split-plot design with four replications. Subplots were 1.2 m double rows with two plants/0.3 m/row and were seep-irrigated by open ditches every seventh bed. Whole plot insecticide treatments were applied September 17, 24, October 1 and 8 and ten runners/subplot examined for melonworm larvae on September 30 and October 14.
Control of Alfalfa Looper Larvae on Spring Spinach, 1976
Authors: Halfhill J . E. , Treat T. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The spinach, 'Heavy Pack-2', was planted in 1.5 × 6 m, 4-row beds (35 cm interrow spacing) on March 26. They were sprinkler irrigated weekly (5 cm each irrigation) until the harvest on June 3. Irrigations occurred 2 days after the first 2 treatments. The afternoons prior to the treatments on May 18, 25 and June 1, 1.2 × 1.5 m sites at the ends of each bed were infested with 2nd- to 5th-stage larvae from the laboratory culture to ensure populations of uniform size and stage. The 4 replications of each treatment were applied the next morning between 0600 and 0900 h. The percentage control was determined 2-3 days after the final treatment by cutting the foliage in each site and examining it and the ground surface for live and dead larvae. All treatments were applied at 4.2 kg/cm2 (air pressure) and 380 L/ha through D2-13 “TEEJET” hollowcone nozzles mounted 28 cm apart on a rear-mounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD-1520 tractor travelling at 4,4 km/h. The boom height was adjusted to provide maximum coverage of the foliage as the plants grew.
Small Programmable Calculators For Computing Statistical Tests
Authors: Averre Charles W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Volume 2 of Insecticide and Acaricide Tests contains ]96 reports on field evaluation of chemicals for controlling insects and mites. All these field experiments were important and involved a great deal of effort and expense. However, 36% of the reports have no statistical confidence limits or results and interpretation of statistical tests. Statistical treatment of research data is extremely useful, if not necessary, in interpreting results and drawing valid conclusions from field experiments. The reasons for replicating field experiments in a proper design are twofold: (1) to have greater confidence in the results obtained and (2) to measure the inherent variability in the experiment and, by application of appropriate statistical tests, to determine differences among treatments that are due to treatment effects and not to natural variability. These and other considerations on the design of field experiments, selection of proper statistical tests, and interpretation of results are discussed in an article by Dr. Larry A. Nelson in Volume I, Insecticide and Acaricide Tests. Probably the principal reasons for the lack of statistical analysis in many reports is the time consuming and complex nature of the computations required and the problems associated with arithmetic errors. These problems have been somewhat alleviated in recent years by increasing availability of computing centers and consulting statisticians at most universities and in private industry. These services are indispensable for processing data from large, complex tests. However, computing services are not without drawbacks, especially for the less complex smaller field experiments. These drawbacks include data which must be submitted in special format, charges for the service, instructions which may be misunderstood, and “turn around time” which often exceeds a week or even a month. For some entomologists, computing services may be virtually unavailable.
Green Peach Aphid Control, 1976
Authors: Butt B. A. , Lydin L. V. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
'U&l Hybrid 8' sugarbeers were planted May 12, 1976, in Ritzville silt loam at Yakima, WA, in plots 6 rows wide and 50 ft long. The plants were irrigated with sprinklers that provided 1/2 in of water/hr. Four plots were treated on June 11 and July 9 with each material applied at a rate of 40 gpa (60 psi) through D2-13 TEEJET hollowcone nozzles mounted 11 in apart on a rearmounted boom sprayer fitted to a JD-420 tractor travelling at 2.75 mph. Ortho X-77 spreader was used with all materials. The boom height was adjusted to provide optimum coverage of the foliage as the plants grew. At 3 days and then each week after treatment aphids were counted on 25 leaves from each plot.
Sugarbeet Root Maggot Control, St. Thomas, North Dakota, 1972
Authors: Frye R. D. , Lundquist J . E. , Anderson A. W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were screened in randomized-complete block tests at 2 locations. The soil was mostly silty clay loam with a pH of approximately 7 and 5-8% organic matter. Beets were planted May 17 and 18. Pre-fly emergence treatments were applied May 19 and 23 and post-fly emergence treatments made on May 31 and June 1. Peak fly emergence occurred on June 7. Plots consisted of four 100 ft rows spaced 22 i n . apart. The insecticides were applied in 7 in . bands over all rows in the plots, and were lightly incorporated into the soil with drag chains (I 3/4 in . links). Applications were made at 3 mph. Weather conditions during the investigations were generally favorable for good beet growth and insecticide application. Significant rain fell after the materials were applied. Data consisted of yields from 30 ft from row 2 (from the left) in each plot at harvest. The data was transformed by x, and analysed by analysis of variance and Duncan's new multiple range test. The functional maggot infestation (based on the amount of damage to beets) in the plots is evidence that there were sufficient numbers of maggots to provide satisfactory data. The ave damage rating is untreated beets was 3.5 (moderate to heavy root damage). The rating scale ranged from 1 (no damage) to 5 (severe damage).
Cutworm Control in Sugarbeets, Mayville, North Dakota, 1973
Authors: Frye R. D. , Dregseth R. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Insecticides were screened in a randomized-complete block test with 5 replicates. Soil in the plots was a silty loam with a pH of approximately 7 and 4% organic matter. The plots were planted April 27 and consisted of six 60 ft rows spaced 22 in . apart. Treatments were applied in 7 in . bands over or between the 4 center rows at 3 mph on May 30. Beets were in the 4-6 leaf stage when the treatments were applied. Liquid treatments were applied in 18 gals water/acre with 8002E nozzles at 40 psi. Weather conditions were generally good for beet growth and insecticide application. Weather data are missing. However, measurable rain fell after the treatments were applied. Data consisted of differences between plant counts taken May 29 (pretreatment) and June 6 (post-treatment) from the entire length of rows 2 and 3 (from the left) in each plot. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan's new multiple range test. Cutworms were 1/4 to 1/2 grown when the treatments were applied, and the infestation averaged 3 larvae/sq ft.
Foliar Sprays For Insect Control on Tomato, 1976
Authors: Kennedy George G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The experimental planting consisted of 24 single row X 20 ft plots of transplant tomatoes arranged in a randomized complete block experimental design. Rows were on 3.5 ft centers. Treatments were applied at weekly intervals from Jul 21 through Sept 14 using a CO2-powered, back-pack sprayer equipped with 2 hollow cone nozzles delivering 150 gal/acre at 40 psi. Control of L. sativae was assessed by counting all mines in a random sample of 25 mature terminal leaflets/plot on Aug 31 and Sept 7; these samples were combined for analysis. Damage to fruit by H. zea was assessed by examining all rotting, ripe, and ripening fruits weekly between Aug 17 and Sept 14; data from all sample dates were pooled for statistical analysis. Data were transformed appropriately to meet the necessary assumptions and subjected to analysis of variance.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle in Direct Seeded Tomatoes with Systemic Insecticides, 1976
Authors: Linduska James J . 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chico III and Campbell 28 tomatoes were seeded in alternating rows. Chico III tomatoes were planted on May 20 and Campbell 28 tomatoes were planted on May 24. The Chico III tomatoes served as buffer rows and were planted early so as to encourage an infestation of Colorado potato beetle. All tomatoes were direct seeded in the field with a Planet Jr. Plots consisted of a single row of tomatoes 45 ft long, buffered on each side by a guard row. Distance between rows was 6 ft. When plants were 2-3 inches tall they were thinned so as to provide clumps of 3 tomato plants spaced 12 inches apart. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. All treatments were applied preplans in an 18 inch band using a small push type Gandy applicator. They were incorporated into the top 3-5 inches of soil with a rototiller. Soil temp at the 4 inch depth at the time of treatment was 70°F. The treatment rows were seeded with Campbell 28 tomatoes the same day (May 24) that insecticides were applied. Soil was classified as a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. When plants were 3-4 inches tall, 10 plants were selected at.random in each plot and rated visually to the nearest 10% defoliation. Yield data were taken from a 10 ft section in the center of each plot. Yield data from 6 different harvest dates were combined and reported in tons/acre. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Alfalfa Insect Control, Rosemount, Minnesota, 1976
Authors: Amaya Luz M. , Radcliffe Edward B. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Alfalfa was planted at the University of Minnesota Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station May 11. Insecticidal sprays were applied to 21 × 28 ft2 plots July 15. A completely randomized block design of 3 replications was used. The sprays were applied by boom sprayer in 48 gal water/acre at 175 psi. Pea aphid, spotted alfalfa aphid, and potato leafhopper nymphs were vacuum sampled July 15 and July 27. Each sample consisted of 15 “put-downs” of a 8 in dia vacuum hose (equivalent to 5.8 ft2/plot).
Effects of Insecticides on Alfalfa Weevil, 1976
Authors: Eshbaugh E. L. , Sorensen E. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Chemicals were applied Apr 22'76, to Kanza alfalfa in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plots were 6 × 15 ft. Spray concentrates were applied in 20 gal water per acre at 40 psi. Weevil larvae were sampled 7 days later. Fifteen stems were cut at random from each plot and data were expressed as larvae per stem. Larvae also were sampled one day before the first cutting (May 20) with a 15-inch sweep net. Weevil damage to the alfalfa was expressed by 1= least to 9 = most and by plant height May 19. Plots were harvested 4 times and yields (tons per acre dry weight) were calculated as percent of control. All plots were sprayed with Furadan 4F 0.5 lb a.i./A one day after first cutting.
Cost/Benefits of Potato Leafhopper and Blotch Leafminer Control on New Seeding of Alfalfa, 1976
Authors: Gesell Stanley G. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The plots were 8 × 25 feet arranged in a randomized block design and replicated 3 times. The Furadan 10G treatment was applied the day prior to planting by broadcasting the granules on the soil surface with a small hand shaken All plots were treated with Eptam immediately after the Furadan was applied. The plots were seeded with Arc variety at the rate of 18 lb of seed per acre on April 21'76. The other three insecticides were applied on June 16 as broadcast spray applications when the leafhopper population level reached a mean of 0.6 leafhopper per sweep. Adult leafminers had peaked approximately 10 days previously. The sprayer delivered 40 gal/acre at 40 psi.
Bee Poisoning Hazard, Pullman, 1976
Authors: Johansen Carl , Mayer Dan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Five series of tests were conducted with insecticides applied to 0.01 acre plots of alfalfa. Treatments were made with a hand sprayer, using 25 psi pressure and applying 25 gal/acre. Residual test exposures were replicated 4 times by caging 50-100 honey bees (HB), 15-30 alkali bees (AB), or 20-40 alfalfa leafcutting bees (LB) with each of 4 samples per treatment and time interval. HB were placed in petri dish cages with screen inserts, fed sugar syrup, and held at 75-78°F. AB and LB were placed in petri dish bottoms covered with screened plates, fed honey syrup, and held at 85-88°F.
Evaluation of Insecticide Sprays on Alfalfa, 1976
Authors: Turtle D. M . , Arvizo G. L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Fourteen insecticides were evaluated in this test on alfalfa for control and effect on the insect fauna. Plots measuring 10 × 10 ft were utilized on the Yuma mesa. Each treatment as shown in table was replicated three times. Applications were made with a hand sprayer at 20 psi May 7 covering the treated area as uniformly as possible by using 20 seconds/plot. The amount of spray per acre was approximately 25 gal/acre.
Cotton Bollworm, Tobacco Budworm and Cotton Boll Weevil Control, 1976
Authors: Price Richard G. , Karner Miles , Young Jerry H. , Mussett Kevin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lockett 4789-A was planted on May 24'76 at the South Central Research Station, Chickasha, Oklahoma at 20 lb per acre. Eight-row plots, 200 ft long, replicated in a complete randomized block design were used. Spray applications were made with a John Deere Hi-Cycle 600 sprayer traveling at a speed of 4.5 mph at 40 psi. Insecticide applications consisted of 4 gal and 3 pints of total spray mixture per acre, with one number 8 (Spraying Systems) nozzle per row. Five applications were made between July 30 and September 6. Intervals between applications ranged from 4 to 14 days. Plots were irrigated 5 times August 5, 11, 19, 27 and Sept 8. Rainfall during the treatment period was as follows: July 30, .54”; August 4, trace; August 5, . 21”; August 6, 1.26”; August 22, .13”; August 24, trace; August 25, .73”; August 30, .17”; August 31, .07”; September 1, .47”; September 2, .03”; September 9, .70” and September 13, 2.12” for a total of 6.43”. Damage was estimated by collecting at random 100 fruits prior to spraying from the upper one-third of the plants in each plot. Heliothis sp. populations were light and boll weevil populations were moderate. On August 17, 13 larvae were collected for species determination. Fifty-four percent were H. zea and 46% were H. virescens.
Nematode Control on Peanuts in Florida, 1976
Authors: Dickson D. W. , Waites R. E. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eighteen nematicide treatments, replicated 7 times, were evaluated in a complete randomized block test at Williston, Florida. Peanuts were planted on May 12 in 4 row plots, 40 ft long and with center rows spaced 24 in apart and outside rows 36 in apart. Cultural practices were based on current recommendations in Florida and fungicides and insecticides were applied as needed. The mean preplant root-knot and ring nematode population densities were 9 and 27 (0-10 in depth), 175 and 52 (10-20 in depth) and 111 and 34 (20-30 in depth) per 250 ml soil, respectively. The nematicides were applied immediately before planting on May 11. Nemagon was applied 8 in deep in-fhe-row with one chisel per row or with two chisels per row spaced 8 in apart. All granular and liquid formulations of non-fumigant nematicides were made with a Gandy applicator or CO2 pressure sprayer (20 gal water/acre, 20 psi), respectively. At-plant treatments were applied with a 12-in row bander placed directly over the row and incorporated with two rolling cultivators to a depth of 2-4 in. Temik 15G was applied directly in the seed furrow at time of planting. Pegging-time and foliar spray treatments were applied June 29. Two 7-in row banders were used to apply pegging time treatments directly over the peanut vines. A burlap bag was dragged over the vines to remove granules from peanut leaves. Approximately 0.3 in rain fell immediately after these materials were applied.
Contact Toxicity Studies, 1975
Authors: Heinrichs E. A. , Ocampo P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Four replications of 25 adult insects each were treated in a Potter's spray tower. All insecticides were applied as 0.04% sprays in a volume of 2 ml and at a vacuum pressure of 10 psi except for monocrotophos and monocrotophos + mevinphos which were applied as 0.05% sprays. After treatment insects were placed in a 500 ml beaker containing a 10-day old seedling and held at a temperature of 27∓1°C. Mortality was determined at 1 and 48 hr after treatment (HT). Mortality values were adjusted using Abbott's formula.