bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of communicating community immunity on COVID-19 vaccine-hesitant people from ethnically diverse backgrounds: an experimental vignette study in the UK
Authors: Stoffel Sandro T , Kaushal Aradhna , Grimani Aikaterini , von Wagner Christian , Sniehotta Falko F , Vlaev Ivo 
Published: November 2022

ObjectivesAchieving high vaccination coverage is vital to the efforts of curbing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public health and society. This study tested whether communicating the social benefit through community protection for friends and family members versus overall society, affects vaccination intention and perception among a sample enriched with respondents from black and ethnic minority backgrounds.DesignA web-based experimental survey was conducted. Eligible participants were individually randomised, with equal probability, to one of the three experimental vignettes.SettingEngland.ParticipantsWe recruited 512 (212 white, 300 ethnically diverse) vaccine-hesitant members from an online panel.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The secondary outcome consisted of a behavioural measure in the form of active interest in reading more about the COVID-19 vaccine. Additional measures included the perceived importance and expected uptake in others, as well as the attitudes towards vaccination.ResultsLogistic regression models did not show an effect of the messages on intentions for the overall sample (society: adjusted OR (aOR): 128, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.88 andfriends and family: aOR 1.32, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.94). The role of vaccination in achieving community immunity yielded higher vaccination intentions among study participants with white ethnic background (society: aOR: 1.94, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.51 andfriends and family: aOR 2.07, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.96), but not among respondents from ethnically diverse backgrounds (society: aOR: 0.95, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.58 andfriends and family: aOR 1.06, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.73). The messages, however, did not affect the perceived importance of the vaccine, expected vaccination uptake and active interest in reading more about the vaccine.ConclusionsThus, although highlighting the social benefits of COVID-19 vaccinations can increase intentions among vaccine non-intenders, they are unlikely to address barriers among ethnically diverse communities.
Identification of natural product 3, 5-diiodotyrosine as APOBEC3B inhibitor to prevent somatic mutation accumulation and cancer progression
Authors: Chen Chunxia , Sui Xinghua , Ning Haoming , Sun Yixuan , Du Jiangfeng , Chen Xiaotong , Zhou Xiuman , Chen Guanyu , Shen Wenhui , Pang Liwei , Zhou Xiaowen , Shi Ranran , Li Wanqiong , Wang Hongfei , Zhao Wenshan , Zhai Wenjie , Qi Yuanming , Wu Yahong , Gao Yanfeng 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundThe development of cancer is largely dependent on the accumulation of somatic mutations, indicating the potential to develop cancer chemoprevention agents targeting mutation drivers. However, ideal cancer chemoprevention agents that can effectively inhibit the mutation drivers have not been identified yet.MethodsThe somatic mutation signatures and expression analyses of APOBEC3B were performed in patient with pan-cancer. The computer-aided screening and skeleton-based searching were performed to identify natural products that can inhibit the activity of APOBEC3B. 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO)-induced spontaneous esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced spontaneous colon cancer mouse models were conducted to investigate the influences of APOBEC3B inhibitor on the prevention of somatic mutation accumulation and cancer progression.ResultsHere, we discovered that the cytidine deaminase APOBEC3B correlated somatic mutations were widely observed in a variety of cancers, and its overexpression indicated poor survival. SMC247 (3, 5-diiodotyrosine), as a source of kelp iodine without side effects, could strongly bind APOBEC3B (KD=65 nM) and effectively inhibit its deaminase activity (IC50=1.69 µM). Interestingly, 3, 5-diiodotyrosine could significantly reduce the clusters of mutations, prevent the precancerous lesion progression, and prolong the survival in 4-NQO-induced spontaneous ESCC and AOM/DSS-induced spontaneous colon cancer mouse models. Furthermore, 3, 5-diiodotyrosine could reduce colitis, increase the proportion and function of T lymphocytes via IL-15 in tumor microenvironment. The synergistic cancer prevention effects were observed when 3, 5-diiodotyrosine combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.ConclusionsThis is the first prove-of-concept study to elucidate that the natural product 3, 5-diiodotyrosine could prevent somatic mutation accumulation and cancer progression through inhibiting the enzymatic activity of APOBEC3B. In addition, 3, 5-diiodotyrosine could reduce the colitis and increase the infiltration and function of T lymphocytes via IL-15 in tumor microenvironment. 3, 5-diiodotyrosine combined with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade could elicit synergistic cancer prevention effects, indicating a novel strategy for both prevent the somatic mutation accumulation and the immune-suppressive microenvironment exacerbation.
Pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine in paediatric lupus: data from a novel, direct-to-family clinical trial
Authors: Balevic Stephen J , Randell Rachel , Weiner Daniel , Beard Claire , Schanberg Laura Eve , Hornik Christoph P , Cohen-Wolkowiez Michael , Gonzalez Daniel 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveDetermine the pharmacokinetics (PK) and exposure–response of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and desethylhydroxychloroquine (DHCQ) in paediatric SLE (pSLE).MethodsWe conducted an exploratory phase 2, direct-to-family trial. Children enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry with a diagnosis of pSLE were eligible if they were receiving HCQ as standard of care for ≥3 months. Biological samples were collected at up to four visits over a 6-month period. At each visit, plasma was obtained to measure the concentrations of HCQ and DHCQ, as well as cytokines. HCQ and DHCQ plasma PK data were analysed using a population PK modelling approach.ResultsTwenty-five subjects provided a total of 88 plasma concentrations for PK analysis. There was a poor linear fit between HCQ concentrations and total body weight (R2=0.03). There was a decline in both interferon (IFN)-alpha and IFN-gamma with higher concentrations of HCQ and DHCQ. Volume of distribution for HCQ in plasma was higher in children compared with published values in adults (73 000 L vs 44 000 L), but clearance values in children were similar to adults.ConclusionsWe report the first population PK model for HCQ and DHCQ in children using data from a novel direct-to-family clinical trial. We observed high interindividual variability in HCQ PK and found that weight-based dosing for HCQ is poorly correlated with drug concentrations, suggesting the need to use therapeutic drug monitoring to individualise dosing. Furthermore, our results suggest that the current weight-based dosing paradigm for HCQ may result in suboptimal drug exposures, particularly for children with obesity. Accordingly, additional studies of HCQ are needed in pSLE to determine the optimal drug concentration and dosing to reduce disease activity and improve outcomes.Trial registration numberNCT04358302.
Multiregional Sequencing Analysis Reveals Extensive Genetic Heterogeneity in Gastric Tumors from Latinos
Authors: Toal Ted W. , Estrada-Florez Ana P. , Polanco-Echeverry Guadalupe M. , Sahasrabudhe Ruta M. , Lott Paul C. , Suarez-Olaya John J. , Guevara-Tique Alix A. , Rocha Sienna , Morales-Arana Alexa , Castro-Valencia Fabian , Urayama Shiro , Kirane Amanda , Wei Dongguang , Rios-Sarabia Nora , Medrano Rafael , Mantilla Alejandra , Echeverry de Polanco Magdalena , Torres Javier , Bohorquez-Lozano Mabel E. , Carvajal-Carmona Luis G. 
Published: November 2022

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality and health disparities in Latinos. We evaluated gastric intratumoral heterogeneity using multiregional sequencing of &gt;700 cancer genes in 115 tumor biopsies from 32 patients, 29 who were Latinos. Analyses focused on comparisons with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and on mutation clonality, druggability, and signatures. We found that only approximately 30% of all mutations were clonal and that only 61% of the known TCGA gastric cancer drivers harbored clonal mutations. Multiple clonal mutations were found in new candidate gastric cancer drivers such as EYS, FAT4, PCDHA1, RAD50, EXO1, RECQL4, and FSIP2. The genomically stable (GS) molecular subtype, which has the worse prognosis, was identified in 48% of our Latino patients, a fraction that was &gt;2.3-fold higher than in TCGA Asian and White patients. Only a third of all tumors harbored clonal pathogenic mutations in druggable genes, with most (93%) GS tumors lacking actionable clonal mutations. Mutation signature analyses revealed that, in microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors, DNA repair mutations were common for both tumor initiation and progression, while tobacco, POLE, and inflammation signatures likely initiate carcinogenesis. MSS tumor progression was likely driven by aging- and aflatoxin-associated mutations, as these latter changes were usually nonclonal. In microsatellite-unstable tumors, nonclonal tobacco-associated mutations were common. Our study, therefore, contributed to advancing gastric cancer molecular diagnostics and suggests clonal status is important to understanding gastric tumorigenesis. Our findings of a higher frequency of a poor prognosis associated molecular subtype in Latinos and a possible new aflatoxin gastric cancer etiology also advance cancer disparities research.Significance:Our study contributes to advancing our knowledge of gastric carcinogenesis, diagnostics, and cancer health disparities.
THE EFFECT OF FLASH SALE AND FREE SHIPPING ON PURCHASING DECISIONS ON THE SHOPEE MARKETPLACE (STUDY ON STUDENTS IN MAN KOTA TEGAL)
Authors: Fatoni Umi Fadilah , Rochmah Ainur 
Published: November 2022

Flash sale and “Gratis Ongkir” Program are Shopee one of platforms shopping online in Indonesia. The increase in sales to active purchases on the marketplace , shows that there is consumer behavior towards purchasing decisions through e-commerce.
This study aims to analyze how the effect of flash sales and "Free Shipping" Shopee on purchasing decisions for students using the Shopee application at MAN Tegal City, partially and simultaneously. The form of this research is quantitative research with an associative approach. Sampling using the Slovin formula and using 95 respondents as samples. The results showed that the flash sale and "Free Shipping" variables simultaneously (simultaneously) influenced purchasing decisions with acalculated > Ftable (33,115 > 3.09).
Through the results of adjusted R square , it is also known that flash sale and free shipping contributed 41,9%, the remaining 58,1% was influenced by other variables. It is hoped that Shopee can overcome the price discount promo hours which are considered less in accordance with the wishes of consumers.
Persistent High Burden of Heart Failure Across the Ejection Fraction Spectrum in a Nationwide Setting
Authors: Stolfo Davide , Lund Lars H. , Benson Lina , Hage Camilla , Sinagra Gianfranco , Dahlström Ulf , Savarese Gianluigi 
Published: November 2022

Background
Heart failure (HF) has a dramatic impact on worldwide health care systems that is determined by the growing prevalence of and the high exposure to cardiovascular and noncardiovascular events. Prognosis remains poor. We sought to compare a large population with HF across the ejection fraction (EF) spectrum with a population without HF for patient characteristics, and HF, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular outcomes.

Methods and Results
Patients with HF registered in the Swedish HF registry in 2005 to 2018 were compared 1:3 with a sex‐, age‐, and county‐matched population without HF. Outcomes were cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations. Of 76 453 patients with HF, 53% had reduced EF, 23% mildly reduced EF, and 24% preserved EF. Compared with those without HF, patients with HF had more cardiovascular and noncardiovascular comorbidities and worse socioeconomic status. Incidence of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular events was higher in people with HF versus non‐HF, with increased risk of all‐cause (hazard ratio [HR], 2.53 [95% CI, 2.50–2.56]), cardiovascular (HR, 4.67 [95% CI, 4.59–4.76]), and noncardiovascular (HR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.46–1.52]) mortality, 2‐ to 5‐fold higher risk of first/repeated cardiovascular and noncardiovascular hospitalizations, and ~4 times longer in‐hospital length of stay for any cause. Patients with HF with reduced EF had higher risk of HF hospitalizations, whereas those with HF with preserved EF had higher risk of all‐cause and noncardiovascular hospitalization and mortality.

Conclusions
Patients with HF exert a high health care burden, with a much higher risk of cardiovascular, all‐cause, and noncardiovascular events, and nearly 4 times as many days spent in hospital compared with those without HF. These epidemiological data may enable strategies for optimal resource allocation and HF trial design.
Pediatric Electrophysiology Device Needs: A Survey from the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society Taskforce on Pediatric‐Specific Devices
Authors: Dubin Anne M. , Bar‐Cohen Yaniv , Berul Charles I. , Cannon Bryan C. , Saarel Elizabeth V. , Shah Maully J. , Triedman John K. 
Published: November 2022

Background
There are few US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved devices specifically aimed at the pediatric patient with arrhythmia. This has led to a high off‐label utilization of devices in this vulnerable population. The Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES), the international organization representing pediatric and congenital heart disease arrhythmia specialists, developed a task force to comprehensively address device development issues relevant to pediatric patients with congenital arrhythmia.

Methods and Results
As a first step, the taskforce developed a 26‐question survey for the pediatric arrhythmia community to assess providers’ understanding of the FDA approval process, specifically in regard to pediatric labeling. There were 92/211 respondents (44%) with a >90% completion rate. The vast majority of respondents believed there was a paucity of devices available for children (96%). More than 60% of respondents stated that they did not understand the FDA regulatory process and were not aware of whether the devices they used were labeled for pediatric use.

Conclusions
Pediatric electrophysiologists are keenly aware of the deficit of available pediatric devices for their patients. The majority do not understand the FDA approval process and could benefit from additional educational resources regarding this. A collaborative forum including PACES, FDA, patients and their families, and Industry would be an important next step in clarifying opportunities and priorities to serve this vulnerable population.
The Four Nationality Thesis: a Conceptual History of a Forgotten Idea
Authors: Rajani Shayan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article historicizes the ethnicity idea, which has anachronistically come to shape academic understanding of Sindh and Pakistan across a broad period of history. Instead, the Four-Nationality Thesis, and other ideas, animated politics in Pakistan’s earlier decades. The Four Nationality Thesis, which drew on global leftist thought, conceived Pakistan as a set of nationalities, corresponding to its provinces, which were conceived to be distinct, culturally, linguistically, historically, and territorially. It provided the conceptual framework for a federalist politics against the unitary state of Pakistan. When the Sindh government made Sindhi the sole official provincial language in 1972, the ensuing conflict highlighted the conceptual limitations of the nationality idea, and its territorialization of culture. In short, this article argues that the history of concepts is necessary to understand politics in Sindh and Pakistan.
A Further Analysis of the ‘Byzantine (Italian - Levantine) Triad’ of Features in Common Torah Codices
Authors: Arrant Estara J. 
Published: November 2022

This study analyses the distinctive features of a group of eleven Torah fragments from the Taylor-Schechter collection of Cairo Genizah manuscripts, which appear to come from related regions and use the signs dagesh and shewa in three related ways to reinforce a standard of pronunciation of the biblical text. The three uses of these signs have, individually, been associated with Palestino-Tiberian vocalisation, or labelled as ‘Extended Tiberian’. I contribute a fresh analysis by contextualising the signs with each other, showing how they work together to preserve a standard form of pronunciation of the biblical text through reinforcing the syllabification when the text is read aloud. I also examine the codicological features of each of these fragments, which appear very similar to each other. I conclude that they constitute a
group, and I infer what their physical and linguistic features reveal about their practical function in the reading and study of the Hebrew Bible in the medieval period.
Turbulence in the Ice Shelf–Ocean Boundary Current and Its Sensitivity to Model Resolution
Authors: Patmore Ryan D. , Holland Paul R. , Vreugdenhil Catherine A. , Jenkins Adrian , Taylor John R. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The ice shelf–ocean boundary current has an important control on heat delivery to the base of an ice shelf. Climate and regional models that include a representation of ice shelf cavities often use a coarse grid, and results have a strong dependence on resolution near the ice shelf–ocean interface. This study models the ice shelf–ocean boundary current with a nonhydrostatic z-level configuration at turbulence-permitting resolution (1 m). The z-level model performs well when compared against state-of-the-art large-eddy simulations, showing its capability in representing the correct physics. We show that theoretical results from a one-dimensional model with parameterized turbulence reproduce the z-level model results to a good degree, indicating possible utility as a turbulence closure. The one-dimensional model evolves to a state of marginal instability, and we use the z-level model to demonstrate how this is represented in three dimensions. Instabilities emerge that regulate the strength of the pycnocline and coexist with persistent Ekman rolls, which are identified prior to the flow becoming intermittently unstable. When resolution of the z-level model is degraded to understand the gridscale dependencies, the degradation is dominated by the established problem of excessive numerical diffusion. We show that at intermediate resolutions (2–4 m), the boundary layer structure can be partially recovered by tuning diffusivities. Last, we compare replacing prescribed melting with interactive melting that is dependent on the local ocean conditions. Interactive melting results in a feedback such that the system evolves more slowly, which is exaggerated at lower resolution.
Corruption risk analysis in local public procurement: a look at the Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona
Authors: Miranzo Díaz Javier , Cerrillo i Martinez Agustí , Galindo Caldés Ramon , Castro Carranza Judith 
Published: November 2022

Over the past years, the anti-corruption strategy in public administrations has been shifting from a formal way of control towards a risk management and assessment one. However, it is not clear whether these legal reforms at EU and at national level are reaching local institutions. The study evaluates the degree of compliance of the Greater Metropolitan Area of Barcelona by analysing a set of indicators divided into five main areas: codes of ethics, oversight bodies, transparency, conflicts of interests, and whistleblowing channels and protection. The results show that, even if there are also positive outcomes, the process of transforming the public administration and its contracting bodies towards a culture of integrity or risk management is still far from complete at local levels, and there are still institutional and normative shortcomings in terms of anti-corruption strategy and planning that should be promptly addressed. Points for practitioners This article explores the impact of the current anti-corruption legislation on local governments and public bodies. It analyses the state of development of four key public procurement areas of action within the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona, gathering 170 entities of different legal nature and size. The results show that the impact of European and national legislations seems to be still weak in local administrative structures, although the degree of development varies significantly among different types of entities.
Surgical treatment of a chronic thoracoabdominal dissection with false lumen thrombosis and true lumen compression determining multivisceral ischemia
Authors: Montanari Francesca , Donati Tommaso , Farina, Piero , Tshomba Yamume 
Published: November 2022

Introduction The treatment of a chronic type B aortic dissection can be challenging and need a precise and multidisciplinary planning. Materials and Results A 62-year-old man presented to our hospital with acute aortic thrombosis on chronic thoracoabdominal dissection with bowel and kidney ischemia. He was submitted to urgent open surgical treatment with replacement of thoracoabdominal aorta and reimplantation of celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and right renal artery. During the intervention the visceral perfusion was provided with a modified Gott shunt; while the lower limb perfusion was provided by an existing right axillo-femoral and femoro-femoral bypass. The patient had a favorable course and did not report any complications. Conclusion The ideal management strategy of complex post-dissection conditions has to be tailored on the single patient’s features to provide the maximal efficacy and safety. If the endovascular treatment is not viable, open surgery represents a valid option.
Preliminary analysis of the clinical feasibility of a practice intervention derived from the occupational therapy intervention process model for patients with stroke in the convalescence stage
Authors: Choji Yuki , Kobayashi Ryuji 
Published: November 2022

Introduction: This study lays the groundwork for the Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model (OTIPM) run by occupational therapy practitioners for patients with stroke. We explored the feasibility of a treatment approach based on the OTIPM for patients with stroke and the clinical feasibility of evaluating the degree of a collaborative relationship between patients and occupational therapists. Method: This pilot trial was conducted as a one-group pre-test–post-test study and two-group comparison on 16 patients with stroke in the convalescence stage. We used the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), Functional Independence Measure, Japan Stroke Scale of Motor Function, and the Collaborative Relationship Scale between clients and occupational therapists to assess outcomes. Results: Patients demonstrated a significant improvement on the outcome measures after intervention. Moreover, the good collaborative relationship group demonstrated significantly higher process skills in AMPS and satisfaction in COPM than the poor collaborative relationship group. Conclusion: This preliminary study revealed that short-term OTIPM for patients with stroke may be a feasible clinical practice. In addition, evaluating the degree of the difference in the collaborative relationship between patients and occupational therapists would be a feasible clinical practice.