bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Root End Sealing Ability of Three Retrograde Filling Materials in Teeth with Root Apices Resected at 90° using Dye Penetration Method under Fluorescent Microscope: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Chaudhari Payal , Chandak Manoj , Ramdas Arvind , Bhagat Patil 
Published: January 2022

Background: Inadequate seal at the apex is the substantial cause for surgical endodontic dissatisfaction. The retrograde filling material which is used should prevent the egress of potential contaminants into periradicular tissue.
Objectives: To evaluate the ability of MTA Angelus, Zirconomer and Bioactive bone cement to seal the root end as retrograde filling material; and to compare root end sealing ability of these three different retrograde filling materials with apices resected at 900 angles using dye penetration method under fluorescent microscope.
Methodology: Thirty six extracted upper anterior teeth are to be cut horizontally at the CEJ. After following the standard protocols of, “cleaning, shaping and obturation” with gutta percha and “AH Plus sealer”, the samples will be resected 3mm at the apical end at 90 degree angle along the long axis of the tooth with the help of diamond disc. A root end cavity of depth 3mm will be made with Diamond coated ultrasonic surgical tip S12 90 ND. The teeth will be randomly categorized in 3 groups: Group 1: MTA angelus; Group 2: Zirconomer; Group 3: Bioactive Bone Cement. Following which the roots to be coated with nail varnish except the tip. Each material will be compressed in the root end cavity with the help of small pluggers. All the samples which are retrofilled will be kept in acrydine orange for a duration of 24 hours, following which cleaning & bucco-lingual sectioning(vertical) will be done. Fluorescent microscope will be used for observation of sectioned root samples.
Expected Results: Bioactive bone cement is expected to have better sealing ability of the retrograde cavity preparation with minimal or no microleakage followed by MTA Angelus and then Zirconomer.
Conclusion: If this study proves correct, this would be helpful for the clinicians to choose better and the most efficient retrograde filling material with best sealing ability and minimal microleakage in a retrograde preparation which will aid in success of the root canal treatment further resolving the infection.
Study to Find the Effect in Combined Protocol of Aquatic Therapy and Play Therapy in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in School Going Children from 7 – 10 Years to Improve the Quality of Life
Authors: Devi R. B. Chithra , Janani M. , Sruthi B. , Lalitha V. , Hamidhunniza A. , Parameshwari V. 
Published: January 2022

The Objective of the Study: The aim of this study is to see the effect of combined protocol on aquatic and play therapy for children with ADHD based on inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and anxiety.
Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a severe threat to public health that affects a huge number of children and typically continues into adulthood. It is characterized by persistent lack of attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that impairs growth and performance. Children with ADHD are usually treated with a combination of pharmacological and non - pharmacological treatments, including academic, psycho-social, and behavioral aid, as well as aquatic therapy and play therapy. Aquatic therapy and play therapy, on the other hand, are ways in which the kid is provided the chance to undergo growth in the most optimum conditions. The goal of this study is to see how effective aquatic therapy and play therapy are in raising the standard of living of children aged 7 to 10 who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Methods: The design of the present study is quasi-experimental. Tools used for the study: Data were collected through Conner’s parent’s rating scale, pediatric balance scale, and hand-eye coordination scale as pre and post-test and the treatment group received aquatic therapy and play therapy for eight sessions.
Results: Conner's parent rating scale, pediatric balance scale, and hand-eye coordination test were used to compare before and after results. Conner's parent rating scale had a difference between the means of 21, a standard deviation of 4.79, and a paired-t-test value of 23.98. The pediatric balance scale's mean difference was 19, the standard deviation was 3.82, and the paired-t significance level was 27.20. The average difference in the hand-eye coordination test was 11, with a standard deviation of 1.67 and a paired-t-test score of 36.02.
Conclusion: According to the findings, using aquatic therapy and play therapy to help children with ADHD pay close attention, reduce hyperactivity, and manage impulsive behavior was beneficial. Play therapy and aquatic therapy are also good ways to have some exercise. This increased energy utilization causes them to be less impulsive and hyperactive over the rest of the day.
Does Multiparity Affect Periodontitis Associated Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes' Awareness?
Authors: Abdelrasoul Mohamed , Bahamdain Bashayer , Hasanain Raghad , Barayan Renad , Bugis Nada , Fallatah Ayat , Akhozai Bader , Alzahrani Khames T. 
Published: January 2022

Background: Periodontal disease is a very common, undesirable, and neglected bacterial infection causing destruction of the connective tissue and dental bone support. During pregnancy, the oral bacteria could lead to tissue damage and mediate immune response which can impair the development and fetal growth in the placenta that it may be a risk factor for pre-term birth (before 37 weeks of gestation). The goal of this study to measure the knowledge and awareness of women in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia toward the relation between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcome.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from January 2020 until November 2021. based on a validated questionnaire developed by the authors. A convenience sample size of 966 women, aged 20-50 years, with a confidence level of 95%, and a 5% margin of error was selected. The questionnaire was divided into three main sections: demographics, knowledge and attitude.
Results: The study showed a mean score of awareness of 3.801.26 (54.35 ± 17.98%) while the mean score of attitudes was 1.60 ± 0.98 (39.91 ± 24.42%). There was no statistically significant relationship to age group, nationality, or parity, however, scores were significant to university education level.
Conclusion: Learning from previous multigravidas did not influence knowledge and awareness towards adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with PD.
Monitoring of honey bee floral resources with pollen DNA metabarcoding as a complementary tool to vegetation surveys
Authors: Milla Liz , Schmidt‐Lebuhn Alexander , Bovill Jessica , Encinas‐Viso Francisco 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Monitoring biodiversity is a growing and pressing challenge, particularly as climate change threatens species with extinction and leads to widespread shifts in plant distribution and phenology. Tracking changes via ground vegetation surveys is costly and time‐consuming, hence monitoring of complex and heterogenous communities remains an ongoing challenge.

Molecular DNA methods are rapidly being developed to provide fast and reproducible results for environmental monitoring, including diet and ecosystem assessments. Here, we used DNA metabarcoding of pollen foraged by European honey bees (Apis mellifera) to investigate their floral resource use in an urban reserve. We collected three different pollen samples from hives: individual bees, raw honey and pollen traps, and identified plants using two metabarcoding markers (ITS2 and trnL). We then compared the results to a ground vegetation survey of surrounding flowering taxa.

Pollen DNA metabarcoding detected 74 taxa (48.6% identified to species) across all pollen sources, compared to 44 taxa recorded by the survey (93% identified to species). Within the metabarcoding results, we identified 25% of the genera and 9% of the species found during the survey, with three of the top 10 flowering genera represented. While honey was the most taxon‐rich pollen source (mean = 8.5, SD = 3.5), followed by honey bees (mean = 5.8, SD = 6.1) and pollen traps (mean = 4.2, SD = 1.7), combining the results of six individual bees could detect similar taxa numbers to honey, while 20 bees were required to detect as many taxa as the survey.

We demonstrate how DNA metabarcoding of the pollen foraged by honey bees can detect more flowering taxa than traditional survey methods, and how different pollen sources and genetic markers affect the level of detection of plant taxa. The foraging choices of honey bees matched few species detected by the vegetation survey, therefore pollen metabarcoding is recommended as a complementary approach to ground surveys. Rigorous validation and stringent filtering of metabarcoding results were also required to exclude potential false positives. Altogether, this molecular approach can be used to augment vegetation surveys, while tracking the floral resources used by bees.
Enhanced Interfacial Solar Evaporation through Formation of Micro‐Meniscuses and Microdroplets to Reduce Evaporation Enthalpy
Authors: Yu Zhen , Gu Ruonan , Tian Yue , Xie Pengfei , Jin Beichen , Cheng Shaoan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInterfacial solar water evaporation, a promising way to address water shortages and water pollution, has attracted increasing attention. However, low evaporation rates limit its practical applications. Reducing evaporation enthalpy is one of the most efficient ways to improve the evaporation rate. In this study, micro‐meniscuses and microdroplets (MMDs) are found and observed on the surface of the polypyrrole nanoarrays on hydrophilic carbon cloth. The MMDs can reduce the evaporation enthalpy of the system, thus resulting in a high evaporation rate of 2.16 kg m−2 h−1 in pure water under 1 sun. Dynamic calculations imply that the evaporation rate of MMDs is approximately at least 1.7 times and 1.8 times that of a flat liquid film, respectively. Under 1 sun, the evaporators with MMDs enable stable evaporation in continuous 72 h in 10.0 wt% NaCl solution, simulated seawater, and actual wastewater, with an evaporation rate of 1.86, 1.99, and 1.82 kg m−2 h−1, respectively. As far as it is known, these evaporation rates are the highest reported values for the 2D interfacial solar evaporator in high‐salinity brine or wastewater. It is believed that this work provided a novel pathway for designing an evaporator with low evaporation enthalpy and high evaporation performance.
Recent Advances in Organic and Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Piezoelectric Mechanical Energy Harvesting
Authors: Vijayakanth Thangavel , Liptrot David J. , Gazit Ehud , Boomishankar Ramamoorthy , Bowen Chris R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article provides a comprehensive overview of piezo‐ and ferro‐electric materials based on organic molecules and organic–inorganic hybrids for mechanical energy harvesting. Molecular (organic and organic–inorganic hybrid) piezo‐ and ferroelectric materials exhibit significant advantages over traditional materials due to their simple solution‐phase synthesis, light‐weight nature, thermal stability, mechanical flexibility, high Curie temperature, and attractive piezo‐ and ferroelectric properties. However, the design and understanding of piezo‐ and ferroelectricity in organic and organic–inorganic hybrid materials for piezoelectric energy harvesting applications is less well developed. This review describes the fundamental characterization of piezo‐ and ferroelectricity for a range of recently reported organic and organic–inorganic hybrid materials. The limits of traditional piezoelectric harvesting materials are outlined, followed by an overview of the piezo‐ and ferroelectric properties of organic and organic–inorganic hybrid materials, and their composites, for mechanical energy harvesting. An extensive description of peptide‐based and other biomolecular piezo‐ and ferroelectric materials as a biofriendly alternative to current materials is also provided. Finally, current limitations and future perspectives in this emerging area of research are highlighted. This perspective aims to guide chemists, materials scientists, and engineers in the design of practically useful organic and organic–inorganic hybrid piezo‐ and ferroelectric materials and composites for mechanical energy harvesting.
Significant Increase of Electron Thermal Conductivity in Dirac Semimetal Beryllonitrene by Doping Beyond Van Hove Singularity
Authors: Tong Zhen , Pecchia Alessandro , Yam ChiYung , Bao Hua , Dumitrică Traian , Frauenheim Thomas 
Published: January 2022

Abstract2D beryllium polynitrides or beryllonitrene is a newly synthesized layered material displaying anisotropic Dirac cones and van Hove singularity (VHS) located only ≈0.5 eV above the Fermi level. Using the Boltzmann transport equation with many‐body effects and first‐principles calculations, it is uncovered that beryllonitrene has an in‐plane anisotropic room‐temperature phonon thermal conductivity (κph) of 78.6 and 98.8 W mK−1, and an electron thermal conductivity (κe) of 23.0 and 60.7 W mK−1, along the in‐plane directions. κph is dominated by the large heat capacity flexural acoustic (ZA) modes, which are susceptible to three‐phonon and four‐phonon scatterings but rather immune to scattering onto electrons. Filling the Dirac cones till VHS and above gradually enhances the phonon–electron coupling and monotonically decreases κph by up to 55%. Instead, κe displays unusual nonmonotonic variations with the increase in the carrier density and follows the electron density of states at corresponding Fermi levels. The results shed light on the thermal and electrical transport properties in beryllonitrene and reveal a thermal conductivity modulation mechanism that includes a 60% increase of κe upon filling of the Dirac cones until VHS.
Tuning the Interaction between Ruthenium Single Atoms and the Second Coordination Sphere for Efficient Nitrogen Photofixation
Authors: Zhang Yida , Wang Qingyu , Yang Shaokang , Wang Hengwei , Rao Dewei , Chen Tao , Wang Gongming , Lu Junling , Zhu Junfa , Wei Shiqiang , Zheng Xusheng , Zeng Jie 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOrienting the migration of photogenerated electrons to the target active single atoms instead of dissipation at inert sites is crucial to improve the photocatalytic activity of single‐atom catalysts, but remains a challenge. Herein, it is demonstrated that the strong interaction between Ru single atoms and the second coordination sphere significantly enriches photogenerated electrons at Ru active sites and boosted N2 photofixation activity. The extra RuCo coordination from the strong interaction with the second coordination sphere is observed over CoO‐supported Ru single atoms (RuO+Co/CoO) relative to the weakly interacting ones (RuO/CoO). For N2 photofixation, RuO+Co/CoO exhibits an ammonia production rate of 306 µmol gcat.−1 h−1 without any sacrificial agents at room temperature, which is 4.6 times that of RuO/CoO. Mechanistic studies reveal that RuCo coordination in RuO+Co/CoO serves as an additional photoelectron transfer channel. Such channel promotes the accumulation of photoelectrons that excite from O to Co atoms on Ru active sites, facilitating the photoreduction of N2 into NH3 process. The concept of the second coordination sphere modulation offers a powerful platform toward rational design of highly efficient single‐atom catalysts for N2 fixation and beyond.
Solvent Dependency in Stereoselective δ‐Lactam Formation of Chiral α‐Fluoromalonate Derivatives: Stereodivergent Synthesis of Heterocycles with Fluorine Containing Stereocenters Adjacent to Tertiary Stereocenters
Authors: Zhang Kaiheng , Sheng Xiang , Deiana Luca , Svensson Grape Erik , Ken Inge A. , Himo Fahmi , Córdova Armando 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe discovery and investigation of solvent dependency in stereoselective intramolecular amidation of chiral 5‐aminofunctionalized‐2‐fluoromalonate ester derivatives, which gives access to highly functionalized δ‐lactams with a quaternary fluorine‐containing stereocenter, is disclosed. Experimental work together with density functional theory calculations led to understanding of how to direct and switch the stereochemical outcome of the stereoselective δ‐lactam formation. The merging of this solvent‐dependent stereoselective switch with asymmetric catalysis and cascade reactions gives access to an unprecedented strategy for stereodivergent synthesis of all possible stereoisomers of fluorine‐containing stereocenters adjacent to tertiary stereocenters of a wide range of heterocyclic compounds with 95‐>99% ee in one‐pot. It is also useful for application in total synthesis of fluorine‐containing pharmaceuticals.magnified image
Endothelial Retargeting of AAV9 In Vivo
Authors: Bozoglu Tarik , Lee Seungmin , Ziegler Tilman , Jurisch Victoria , Maas Sanne , Baehr Andrea , Hinkel Rabea , Hoenig Amelie , Hariharan Anjana , Kim Christina Inyeop , Decker Simon , Sami Haider , Koppara Tobias , Oellinger Ruppert , Müller Oliver J. , Frank Derk , Megens Remco , Nelson Peter , Weber Christian , Schnieke Angelika , Sperandio Markus , Santamaria Gianluca , Rad Roland , Moretti Alessandra , Laugwitz Karl‐Ludwig , Soehnlein Oliver , Ogris Manfred , Kupatt Christian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAdeno‐associated viruses (AAVs) are frequently used for gene transfer and gene editing in vivo, except for endothelial cells, which are remarkably resistant to unmodified AAV‐transduction. AAVs are retargeted here toward endothelial cells by coating with second‐generation polyamidoamine dendrimers (G2) linked to endothelial‐affine peptides (CNN). G2CNN AAV9‐Cre (encoding Cre recombinase) are injected into mTmG‐mice or mTmG‐pigs, cell‐specifically converting red to green fluorescence upon Cre‐activity. Three endothelial‐specific functions are assessed: in vivo quantification of adherent leukocytes after systemic injection of ‐ G2CNN AAV9 encoding 1) an artificial adhesion molecule (S1FG) in wildtype mice (day 10) or 2) anti‐inflammatory Annexin A1 (Anxa1) in ApoE−/− mice (day 28). Moreover, 3) in Cas9‐transgenic mice, blood pressure is monitored till day 56 after systemic application of G2CNN AAV9‐gRNAs, targeting exons 6–10 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), a vasodilatory enzyme. G2CNN AAV9‐Cre transduces microvascular endothelial cells in mTmG‐mice or mTmG‐pigs. Functionally, G2CNN AAV9‐S1FG mediates S1FG‐leukocyte adhesion, whereas G2CNN AAV9‐Anxa1‐application reduces long‐term leukocyte recruitment. Moreover, blood pressure increases in Cas9‐expressing mice subjected to G2CNN AAV9‐gRNAeNOS. Therefore, G2CNN AAV9 may enable gene transfer in vascular and atherosclerosis models.
Correlating Electronic Structure and Device Physics with Mixing Region Morphology in High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Leng Shifeng , Hao Tianyu , Zhou Guanqing , Zhu Lei , Zhong Wenkai , Yang Yankang , Zhang Ming , Xu Jinqiu , Zhan Junzhe , Zhou Zichun , Chen Jiajun , Lu Shirong , Tang Zheng , Shi Zhiwen , Zhu Haiming , Zhang Yongming , Liu Feng 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe donor/acceptor interaction in non‐fullerene organic photovoltaics leads to the mixing domain that dictates the morphology and electronic structure of the blended thin film. Initiative effort is paid to understand how these domain properties affect the device performances on high‐efficiency PM6:Y6 blends. Different fullerenes acceptors are used to manipulate the feature of mixing domain. It is seen that a tight packing in the mixing region is critical, which could effectively enhance the hole transfer and lead to the enlarged and narrow electron density of state (DOS). As a result, short‐circuit current (JSC) and fill factor (FF) are improved. The distribution of DOS and energy levels strongly influences open‐circuit voltage (VOC). The raised filling state of electron Fermi level is seen to be key in determining deviceVOC. Energy disorder is found to be a key factor to energy loss, which is highly correlated with the intermolecular distance in the mixing region. A 17.53% efficiency is obtained for optimized ternary devices, which is the highest value for similar systems. The current results indicate that a delicate optimization of the mixing domain property is an effective route to improve theVOC,JSC, and FF simultaneously, which provides new guidelines for morphology control toward high‐performance organic solar cells.
Clinical and molecular characterization of five new individuals with WAC‐related intellectual disability: Evidence of pathogenicity for a novel splicing variant
Authors: Morales Jose Andres , Valenzuela Irene , Cuscó Ivon , Cogné Benjamin , Isidor Bertrand , Matalon Dena R. , Gomez‐Ospina Natalia 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWAC‐related intellectual disability (ID) is a rare genetic condition characterized by a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders of varying severity, including global developmental delay (GDD), ID, and autism spectrum disorder. Here, we describe five affected individuals, age range 9–20 years, and provide proof of pathogenicity of a novel splicing variant. All individuals presented with GDD, some degree of ID, and variable dysmorphism. Except for feeding difficulties, all patients were healthy without major congenital malformations or medical comorbidities. All individuals were heterozygous for de novo, previously unreported, loss of function variants in WAC. Three unrelated patients from different ethnic backgrounds shared the intronic variant c.381+4_381+7delAGTA, which was predicted to alter splicing and was initially classified as a variant of uncertain significance. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis from one patient's cells confirmed aberrant splicing of the WAC transcript resulting in premature termination and a truncated protein p.(Gly92Alafs*2). These functional studies and the identification of several nonrelated individuals provide sufficient evidence to classify this variant as pathogenic. The clinical description of these five individuals and the three novel variants expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of this ultrarare disease.
Mechanochemical synthesis of half‐sandwich iridium/rhodium complexes with 8‐hydroxyquinoline derivatives ligands
Authors: Jia Wei‐Guo , Li Xiao‐Dong , Zhi Xue‐Ting , Zhong Rui 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMechanochemistry provides a rapid, efficient route to half‐sandwich iridium and rhodium complexes from [MCp*(μ‐Cl)Cl]2 (M = Ir, Rh) and 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐2‐carbaldehyde without the need for Schlenk manipulation, inert gas protection, or dry solvents. Furthermore, post‐synthetic modification of the half‐sandwich metal complexes has been carried out via a mechanochemical Wittig reaction between half‐sandwich metal complex and phosphorus ylide. All complexes were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectra, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method. The half‐sandwich rhodium complexes exhibited high catalytic activity towards the amide synthesis between aldehyde and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH·HCl) with a broad functional group tolerance.