bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Listeria ivanovii balanced‐lethal system may be a promising antigen carrier for vaccine construction
Authors: Lei Yao , Zhou Yuzhen , Zhang Yunwen , Liu Sijing , Tian Sicheng , Ou Qian , Liu Ting , Huang Huan , Tang Tian , Wang Chuan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExpressing heterologous antigens by plasmids may cause antibiotic resistance. Additionally, antigen expression via plasmids is unstable due to the loss of the plasmid. Here, we developed a balanced‐lethal system. The Listeria monocytogenes (LM) balanced‐lethal system has been previously used as an antigen carrier to induce cellular immune response. However, thus far, there has been no reports on Listeria ivanovii (LI) balanced‐lethal systems. The dal and dat genes from the LI‐attenuated LIΔatcAplcB (LIΔ) were deleted consecutively, resulting in a nutrient‐deficient LIΔdd strain. Subsequently, an antibiotic resistance‐free plasmid carrying the LM dal gene was transformed into the nutrient‐deficient strain to generate the LI balanced‐lethal system LIΔdd:dal. The resultant bacterial strain retains the ability to proliferate in phagocytic cells, as well as the ability to adhere and invade hepatocytes. Its genetic composition was stable, and compared to the parent strain, the balanced‐lethal system was substantially attenuated. In addition, LIΔdd:dal induced specific CD4+/CD8+ T‐cell responses and protected mice against LIΔ challenge. Similarly, we constructed an LM balanced‐lethal system LMΔdd:dal. Sequential immunization with different recombinant Listeria strains will significantly enhance the immunotherapeutic effect. Thus, LIΔdd:dal combined with LMΔdd:dal, or with other balanced‐lethal systems will be more promising alternative for vaccine development.
Learning to be Unbiased: Evidence from the French Asylum Office
Authors: Emeriau Mathilde 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhat determines whether some asylum seekers are granted refugee status while others are rejected? I draw upon archival records from a representative sample of 4,141 asylum applications filed in France between 1976 and 2016 to provide new evidence on the determinants of asylum decisions. I find that applicants who are Christian (rather than Muslim) are more likely to be granted refugee status, controlling for all other individual characteristics available to the asylum officers making the decisions. However, linking archival records to detailed administrative data, I also show that bureaucrats at the French Asylum Office stop discriminating after about a year on the job. These findings have implications for strategies to curtail discrimination in courtrooms and administrations.
Reasons for qualitative psychologists to share human data
Authors: Karhulahti Veli‐Matti 
Published: September 2022

AbstractQualitative data sharing practices in psychology have not developed as rapidly as those in parallel quantitative domains. This is often explained by numerous epistemological, ethical and pragmatic issues concerning qualitative data types. In this article, I provide an alternative to the frequently expressed, often reasonable, concerns regarding the sharing of qualitative human data by highlighting three advantages of qualitative data sharing. I argue that sharing qualitative human data is not by default ‘less ethical’, ‘riskier’ and ‘impractical’ compared with quantitative data sharing, but in some cases more ethical, less risky and easier to manage for sharing because (1) informed consent can be discussed, negotiated and validated; (2) the shared data can be curated by special means; and (3) the privacy risks are mainly local instead of global. I hope this alternative perspective further encourages qualitative psychologists to share their data when it is epistemologically, ethically and pragmatically possible.
The prognostic value of lymph node staging with prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and extended pelvic lymph node dissection in node‐positive patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Meijer Dennie , Ettema Rosemarijn H. , van Leeuwen Pim J. , van der Kwast Theo H. , van der Poel Henk G. , Donswijk Maarten L. , Oprea‐Lager Daniela E. , Bekers Elise M. , Vis André N. 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate whether patients with suspected pelvic lymph node metastases (molecular imaging [mi] N1) on staging prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) had a different oncological outcome compared to those in whom the PSMA PET/CT did not reveal any pelvic lymph node metastases (miN0).Patients and MethodsAll patients with pelvic lymph node metastatic (pN1) disease after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) between January 2017 and December 2020 were included. To assess predictors of biochemical progression of disease after RARP, a multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed, including number of tumour‐positive lymph nodes, diameter of the largest nodal metastasis, and extranodal extension.ResultsIn total, 145 patients were diagnosed with pN1 disease after ePLND. The median biochemical progression‐free survival in patients with miN0 on PSMA PET/CT was 13.7 months, compared to 7.9 months in patients with miN1 disease (P = 0.006). On multivariable Cox regression analysis, both number of tumour‐positive lymph nodes (>2 vs 1–2: hazard ratio [HR] 1.97; P = 0.005) and diameter of the largest nodal metastasis (HR 1.12; P < 0.001) were significant independent predictors of biochemical progression of disease.ConclusionPatients in whom pelvic lymph node metastases were suspected on preoperative PSMA imaging (miN1), patients diagnosed with >2 tumour‐positive lymph nodes, and patients with a larger diameter of the largest nodal metastasis had a significantly increased risk of biochemical disease progression after surgery.
The use of corticosteroids in the lateral sinus augmentation surgical procedure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mordini Lorenzo , Patianna Giuseppe Pio , Di Domenico Giovanna Laura , Natto Zuhair S. , Valente Nicola Alberto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe lateral maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA) procedure has good predictability in terms of the success of bone regeneration with a low incidence of postoperative infections, estimated between 2% and 5.6%. Although the use of antibiotics is an established and standardized prophylactic measure for MSA procedures, the addition of corticosteroids still varies among clinician preference and clinical judgment.PurposeThe aim of this systematic review was to identify whether the administration of corticosteroids during the MSA surgical procedure affects postoperative symptoms including swelling, pain, and infection rate.Materials and methodsA literature search through PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science indices, according to PICO criteria, was conducted to identify whether MSA peri‐operative use of corticosteroids reduces the incidence of complications and patient morbidity. A single arm meta‐analysis was performed due to the lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing groups treated with or without peri‐operative corticosteroids. The intracluster correlation co‐efficient (ICC) and design effect were calculated to adjust for the clustering design.ResultsIn the 37 studies included, a total of 1599 patients (378 Cort, 1221 No‐Cort) were analyzed. Before and after taking account of clustering, there was statistically significant effect of corticosteroids on swelling, pain, wound dehiscence, trismus, and hematoma. The complication rates postoperatively were comparable between the two study groups, however slight differences existed in the incidence of active suppuration (1.7% [95% CI 0.7–3.9] Cort vs. 3.2% [2.2–4.5] No‐Cort), wound dehiscence (3.9% [1.3–11.2] Cort vs. 2.1% [1.0–4.1] No‐Cort) and trismus (2.7% [0.8–8.4] Cort vs. 1.4% [0.8–2.5] No‐Cort).ConclusionsAlthough the event rate of the 1‐to‐2‐week postoperative complications did not differ between the two groups, the lack of conclusive data and research comparing peri‐operative corticosteroid use makes it impossible to draw definitive conclusions and more evidence and studies designed for this specific purpose are needed.
Is Categorization in Visual Working Memory a Way to Reduce Mental Effort? A Pupillometry Study
Authors: Zhou Cherie , Lorist Monicque M. , Mathôt Sebastiaan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRecent studies on visual working memory (VWM) have shown that visual information can be stored in VWM as continuous (e.g., a specific shade of red) as well as categorical representations (e.g., the general category red). It has been widely assumed, yet never directly tested, that continuous representations require more VWM mental effort than categorical representations; given limited VWM capacity, this would mean that fewer continuous, as compared to categorical, representations can be maintained simultaneously. We tested this assumption by measuring pupil size, as a proxy for mental effort, in a delayed estimation task. Participants memorized one to four ambiguous (boundaries between adjacent color categories) or prototypical colors to encourage continuous or categorical representations, respectively; after a delay, a probe indicated the location of the to‐be‐reported color. We found that, for memory load 1, pupil size was larger while maintaining ambiguous as compared to prototypical colors, but without any difference in memory precision; this suggests that participants relied on an effortful continuous representation to maintain a single ambiguous color, thus resulting in pupil dilation while preserving precision. Strikingly, this effect gradually inverted, such that for memory load 4, pupil size was smaller while maintaining ambiguous and prototypical colors, but memory precision was now substantially reduced for ambiguous colors; this suggests that with increased memory load participants increasingly relied on categorical representations for ambiguous colors (which are by definition a poor fit to any category). Taken together, our results suggest that continuous representations are more effortful than categorical representations and that very few continuous representations (perhaps only one) can be maintained simultaneously.
The hunter and the hunted: Using web‐sourced imagery to monitor leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) trophy hunting
Authors: Muller Jessica R. , Selier Sarah‐Anne Jeanetta , Drouilly Marine , Broadfield Joleen , Leighton Gabriella R. M. , Amar Arjun , Naude Vincent N. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSustainable offtake of any threatened species and objective monitoring thereof relies on data‐driven and well‐managed harvest quotas and permit compliance. We used web‐sourced images of African leopard (Panthera pardus pardus) trophy hunts to determine whether online photographs could assist in monitoring and documenting trophy hunting in Africa. Of 10,000 images examined, 808 (8%) showed leopard trophy hunts and could be contextualized by date and country. From a subset of photos (n = 530), across six countries between 2011 and 2020, we extracted information on the leopards killed and hunter demographics. We found no significant differences in leopard sex, age, or shot wound position between countries, and most trophy leopards were in good physical condition. Most hunters were White (96%) and estimated at over 40 years old (82%), with the proportion of women hunters in younger age classes significantly higher than in older classes. Rifles, bows, and hounds were used in all countries, except Tanzania and Zambia, where rifles were exclusively used. Online images could not be reasonably compared to the CITES trade database, but in South Africa, more than half (57%) of all nationally registered leopard trophy hunts in the last decade (2010–2020) have been posted online. Online images also reveal hunting violations, including non‐permitted hunting of female leopards and illegal hounding. Such monitoring methods may become increasingly useful as social media usage grows and provide valuable insight into this multi‐million dollar industry.
The diverse landscape of dermatologic toxicities of non‐immune checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibody‐based cancer therapy
Authors: Seervai Riyad N. H. , Friske Sarah K. , Chu Emily Y. , Phillips Rhea , Nelson Kelly C. , Huen Auris , Cho Woo Cheal , Aung Phyu P. , Torres‐Cabala Carlos A. , Prieto Victor G. , Curry Jonathan L. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince their first approval 25 years ago, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become important targeted cancer therapeutics. However, dermatologic toxicities associated with non−immune checkpoint inhibitor (non‐ICI) mAbs may complicate the course of cancer treatment. Data on the incidence and types of these reactions are limited.MethodsA comprehensive review was conducted on dermatologic toxicities associated with different classes of non‐ICI mAbs approved for treatment of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. The review included prospective Phase 1, 2, and 3 clinical trials; retrospective literature reviews; systematic reviews/meta‐analyses; and case series/reports.ResultsDermatologic toxicities were associated with several types of non‐ICI mAbs. Inflammatory reactions were the most common dermatologic toxicities, manifesting as maculopapular, urticarial, papulopustular/acneiform, and lichenoid/interface cutaneous adverse events (cAEs) with non‐ICI mAbs. Immunobullous reactions were rare and a subset of non‐ICI mAbs were associated with the development of vitiligo cAEs.ConclusionDermatologic toxicities of non‐ICI mAbs are diverse and mostly limited to inflammatory reactions. Awareness of the spectrum of the histopathologic patterns of cAE from non‐ICI mAbs therapy is critical in the era of oncodermatology and oncodermatopathology.
Emesis or regurgitation? Crop response to the ingestion of insecticide‐bait blends in Anastrepha ludens
Authors: Díaz‐Fleischer Francisco , Debernardi Diana , Arredondo José , Carmona Carlos , Pérez‐Staples Diana 
Published: September 2022

AbstractRegurgitation is a phenomenon that is part of the digestive process in insects that have a crop organ. It is basically stimulated by liquid food concentration and viscosity. However, it has been proposed that regurgitation can be a defensive barrier to poisoning, and then it would be considered as emesis. We tested the regurgitation response of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to sublethal doses of the insecticide malathion in sugar or protein–sugar solutions (i.e., insecticide baits) with varying sugar concentrations. By feeding flies with six sugar concentrations (1–50%) without insecticide, we determined that they regurgitated more when feeding on a 20% than when feeding on a 50% sugar solution. By feeding flies with six malathion concentrations in a 20% sugar solution, we determined two sublethal doses. Flies fed with those sublethal doses in protein (4%)–sugar (20 and 50%) solutions over‐regurgitated about 2× more than those fed with controls, i.e., protein–sugar and sugar solutions. The over‐regurgitation did not prevent a reduction in survival and fecundity in flies feeding on sublethal doses of malathion. It seems that regurgitation is provoked by the noxious substance, in addition to the food (sugar) concentration. The overresponse may be separated from the normal regurgitation used to process a meal and may be considered as emesis.
Links across ecological scales: Plant biomass responses to elevated CO2
Authors: Maschler Julia , Bialic‐Murphy Lalasia , Wan Joe , Andresen Louise C. , Zohner Constantin M. , Reich Peter B. , Lüscher Andreas , Schneider Manuel K. , Müller Christoph , Moser Gerald , Dukes Jeffrey S. , Schmidt Inger Kappel , Bilton Mark C. , Zhu Kai , Crowther Thomas W. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe degree to which elevated CO2 concentrations (e[CO2]) increase the amount of carbon (C) assimilated by vegetation plays a key role in climate change. However, due to the short‐term nature of CO2 enrichment experiments and the lack of reconciliation between different ecological scales, the effect of e[CO2] on plant biomass stocks remains a major uncertainty in future climate projections. Here, we review the effect of e[CO2] on plant biomass across multiple levels of ecological organization, scaling from physiological responses to changes in population‐, community‐, ecosystem‐, and global‐scale dynamics. We find that evidence for a sustained biomass response to e[CO2] varies across ecological scales, leading to diverging conclusions about the responses of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems. While the distinct focus of every scale reveals new mechanisms driving biomass accumulation under e[CO2], none of them provides a full picture of all relevant processes. For example, while physiological evidence suggests a possible long‐term basis for increased biomass accumulation under e[CO2] through sustained photosynthetic stimulation, population‐scale evidence indicates that a possible e[CO2]‐induced increase in mortality rates might potentially outweigh the effect of increases in plant growth rates on biomass levels. Evidence at the global scale may indicate that e[CO2] has contributed to increased biomass cover over recent decades, but due to the difficulty to disentangle the effect of e[CO2] from a variety of climatic and land‐use‐related drivers of plant biomass stocks, it remains unclear whether nutrient limitations or other ecological mechanisms operating at finer scales will dampen the e[CO2] effect over time. By exploring these discrepancies, we identify key research gaps in our understanding of the effect of e[CO2] on plant biomass and highlight the need to integrate knowledge across scales of ecological organization so that large‐scale modeling can represent the finer‐scale mechanisms needed to constrain our understanding of future terrestrial C storage.
Long‐term impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on facility‐ and home‐dwelling people with dementia: Perspectives from professionals involved in dementia care
Authors: Kazawa Kana , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Akishita Masahiro , Ishii Shinya 
Published: September 2022

AimThe present study aimed to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on facility‐ and home‐dwelling people with dementia (PWD).MethodsThis observational study included two anonymous online survey questionnaires to explore the impact of the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan and the long‐term impact during the 2 years from the onset of the pandemic. The participants were medical and long‐term care facilities representatives for older people (945 facilities in the first survey, 686 in the second), and care managers (751 in the first survey, 241 in the second). A χ2‐test was carried out between the two surveys.ResultsFor facility‐dwelling PWD, activities that stimulate cognitive and physical functioning increased significantly compared with the first wave of the pandemic (P < 0.05). Also, a decline in cognitive and walking functions and falls increased in the second survey compared with the first (P < 0.01). For home‐dwelling PWD, the broader impact of the pandemic on support for activities of daily living, social interaction and provision of medical care did not mitigate. The high prevalence of cognitive and physical functional decline in the first survey was similar in the second.ConclusionsThe prolonged COVID‐19 pandemic produced changes in the lives of home‐ and facility‐dwelling PWD, with widespread negative consequences for them. Our findings are useful to consider preventive supports to mitigate or avoid functional decline and symptom exacerbation in PWD due to changes in their living environment and the care they receive in the COVID‐19 era. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 832–838.
Interventions to identify and manage depression delivered by ‘nontraditional’ providers to community‐dwelling older adults: A realist review
Authors: Kingstone Tom , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. , Corp Nadia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMental health problems experienced by older adults (60+ years of age) may remain hidden due to individual and system‐level barriers. Opportunities to support early identification and management are therefore crucial. The National Health Service recommends wider public services that are embedded within local communities, but are not traditionally part of the healthcare landscape (i.e., ‘nontraditional’), could facilitate engagement with healthcare by members of the public. Evidence for interventions involving Fire and Rescue, Police, Library services and postal workers, as nontraditional providers of mental health services, has not been synthesized previously. This review aims to understand how, why and in what contexts mental health interventions delivered by these nontraditional providers, to older adults, work.MethodsA realist review of interventions to identify and/or manage mental health problems (depression with or without anxiety) experienced by older adults. Systematic, cluster and iterative literature searches were conducted. Intervention evidence was appraised for rigour and explanatory relevance and then coded to inform context‐mechanism‐outcome configurations (CMOCs). A public advisory group supported our initial evidence search strategy and definition of key terms. This review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020212498).ResultsSystematic searches revealed a dearth of evidence reporting mental health interventions delivered by nontraditional providers. Our scope was adjusted to consider interventions delivered by Fire and Police services only and for wider health and wellbeing concerns (e.g., dementia, falls prevention, mental health crises). Forty‐three pieces of evidence were synthesized. Key themes included: legitimizing expanded roles, focusing on risk, intervention flexibility and organization integration; further subthemes are described. Themes map onto CMOCs and inform a preliminary programme theory. Findings were transposed to mental health contexts.ConclusionsFindings highlight challenges and opportunities for Fire and Police services, as nontraditional providers, to deliver interventions that identify and/or manage mental health problems among older adults. Our programme theory explains what could work, how, for whom and also by whom (i.e., which public services). Further empirical evidence is needed to test interventions, understand acceptability and inform implementation.Patient or Public ContributionA public advisory group comprising older adults with lived experience of mental health problems and informal caregivers contributed to the original application, reviewed the scope and informed the approach to dissemination.