bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Metode Penyuluhan Pertanian Oleh Petani Cabai Merah
Authors: Ramadhana Yanuar Dwi , Subekti Sri 
Published: January 2022

The contribution of extension and the use of innovation in agriculture, especially red chili, is needed by farmers to improve agricultural development. Agricultural extension to the red chili farming community in Tamansari Village, Wuluhan District, Jember Regency, East Java, to improve farmers' knowledge and skills regarding an innovation and help increase production. The application of extension methods to red chili farmers has different responses in accepting an innovation or technology. The purpose of this study was to find out how the use of extension methods through individual, group and mass methods in the innovation adoption process by red chili farmers. This research is qualitative by presenting a complete picture of the social condition of the phenomenon and analyzed by Miles and Hubberman. Determination of informants in this study was carried out using purposive sampling method, this study had 1 key informant namely the head of the farmer group and 10 supporting informants in this study which was carried out using the snowball sampling method, namely extension workers, formulators and farmers who were active in extension activities.
The results showed that counseling was carried out using 3 methods, namely individual methods with home visits, land visits, informal contacts and inquiry. Group method with lecture, discussion, demonstration and field school techniques. Mass method with campaign technique, internet, radio and television. After counseling with 3 methods and each technique, farmers can accept and apply a technological innovation, namely: a) organic pesticides, b) the use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhyzobacteria (PGPR), c) tractors, d) diesel engines, e) charcoal husks, f) water pumping machines, g) demonstration plots of fertilizers and pesticides, h) superior seeds, i) partners with Bank Mandiri & BNI, j) cooperation with PT Dirga Guna Wibawa (DGW), PT Advanta and PT Arista, k) use of internet media.
Keyword: Extension, Extension Methods, Red Chili, Adoption of Innovations, Farmer Groups
Prediction of Sandstone Dilatancy Point in Different Water Contents Using Infrared Radiation Characteristic: Experimental and Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Ma Liqiang , Khan Naseer Muhammad , Cao Kewang , Rehman Hafeezur , Salman Saad , Rehman Faheem Ur 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In rock mechanics, the dilatancy point is always occurring before rock failure during loading process. Water content plays a significant role in the rock physiomechanical properties, which also impact the rock dilatancy point under loading process. This dilatancy point significantly plays a warning role in the rock engineering structures stability. Therefore, it is essential to predict the rock dilatancy point under different water contents to get an early warning for effective monitoring of engineering projects. This study investigates the water contents effects on sandstone dilatancy point under loading in the presence of infrared radiation (IR). Furthermore, this IR was used for the first time as an input parameter for different artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to predict the dilatancy point in the stress-strain curve. The experimental findings show that the stress range in stress-strain curve stages (crack closure and unstable crack propagation) increases with water content. However, this range for deformation and stable crack propagation stages decreases with water content. The dilatancy stress, crack initiation stress, and elastic modulus are negatively linearly correlated, while peak stress and stress level are negatively quadraticaly correlated with a high (R2). The absolute strain energy rate, which gives a sudden increase at the point of dilatancy, is used as the dilatancy point index. The stress level is 0.86 σmax at the dilatancy point for dry rock and decreases with water content. This index is predicted from IR data using three computing techniques: artificial neural network (ANN), random forest regression (RFR), and k-nearest neighbor (KNN). The performance of all techniques was evaluated using R2 and root-means-square error (RMSE). The results of the predicted models show satisfactory performances for all, but KNN is remarkable. The research findings will be helpful and provide guidelines about underground engineering project stability evaluation in water environments.
Global Burden of Female Breast Cancer: Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Incidence Trends From 1990 To 2019 and Forecasts for 2035
Authors: Li Yizhen , Zheng Jinxin , Deng Yujiao , Deng Xinyue , Lou Weiyang , Wei Bajin , Xiang Dong , Hu Jingjing , Zheng Yi , Xu Peng , Yao Jia , Zhai Zhen , Zhou Linghui , Yang Si , Wu Ying , Kang Huafeng , Dai Zhi-Jun 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to describe the latest epidemiology of female breast cancer globally, analyze the change pattern of the incidence rates and the disease’s association with age, period, and birth cohort, and subsequently present a forecast of breast cancer incidence.
Methods
Data for analysis were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 and World Population Prospects 2019 revision by the United Nations (UN). We described the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) from 1990 to 2019 and then calculated the relative risks of period and cohort using an age-period-cohort model, and predicted the trends of ASIRs to 2035.
Results
In 2019, the global incidence of breast cancer in women increased to 1,977,212 (95% uncertainty interval = 1 807 615 to 2 145 215), with an ASIR of 45.86 (41.91 to 49.76) per 100 000 persons. Among the six selected countries facing burdensome ASIRs, only the USA showed a downward trend from 1990 to 2019, whereas the others showed an increasing or stable trend. The overall net drift was similar in Japan (1.78%), India (1.66%), and Russia (1.27%), reflecting increasing morbidity from 1990 to 2019. The increase in morbidity was particularly striking in China (2.60%) and not significant in Germany (0.42%). The ASIRs were predicted to continue to increase globally, from 45.26 in 2010 to 47.36 in 2035. In most countries and regions, the age specific incidence rate is the highest in those aged over 70 years and will increase in all age groups until 2035. In high-income regions, the age specific incidence rates are expected to decline in women aged over 50 years.
Conclusions
The global burden of female breast cancer is becoming more serious, especially in developing countries. Raising awareness of the risk factors and prevention strategies for female breast cancer is necessary to reduce future burden.
Stigma and Related Influencing Factors in Postoperative Oral Cancer Patients in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tan Chuxia , Zhong Chenxi , Mei Ranran , Yang Ronghong , Wang Dangdang , Deng Xianjiao , Chen Shihao , Ye Man 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the level of stigma and identify its influencing factors among postoperative oral cancer patients in China.
Methods
In total, 274 postoperative oral cancer patients were recruited from a Grade A Tertiary Hospital in China using convenience sampling methods. Patients completed the Social Impact Scale (SIS), Medical Coping Mode Questionnaire (MCMQ), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE).
Results
Stigma reported by postoperative oral cancer patients was moderate (50.17±21.24). Stepped Multiple Linear Regression showed that the related factors influencing their feelings of stigma were education level (β = -0.122, P<0.001), smoking (β = -0.140, P<0.001), betel-quid chewing (β = -0.136, P<0.001), type of oral cancer (β = -0.399, P<0.001), pathology type (β = -0.077, P<0.001), confrontation (β = 0.116, P<0.001), avoidance (β = 0.136, P<0.001), and self-efficacy (βv= -0.282, P<0.001), which explained 70.3% of the total variation in stigma (F = 81.829, P<0.001).
Conclusions
Stigma was positively predicted by avoidance coping strategies, but negatively predicted by education level, smoking, betel-quid chewing, type of oral cancer, pathology type, confronting coping strategies, and self-efficacy. Further work should focus on developing interventions to reduce stigma by improving protective factors and decreasing risk factors.
Hepatitis B, C and Humman Immunodeficiency Virus Knowledge Among the General Greek Population: Results From Τhe Hprolipsis Nationwide Survey
Authors: Kaskafetou Sylvia , Karakosta Argiro , Sypsa Vana , Kalpourtzi Natasa , Gavana Magda , Vantarakis Apostolos , Rachiotis George , Chlouverakis Grigoris , Trypsianis Grigoris , Voulgari Paraskevi V. , Alamanos Yannis , Papatheodoridis George , Touloumi Giota 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background: Although several studies on hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been conducted in Greece, little is known on the knowledge level of the Greek population towards these three infections. Our aim was to assess the knowledge level of the adult Greek general population about the HBV, HCV and HIV.Methods: Data were derived from the first general population Health Survey, Hprolipsis. The sample was selected by multistage stratified random sampling. A standardized questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers during home visits. A knowledge score was constructed based on responses to 17 per infection selected items and categorized in three levels; high (12-17 correct replies) medium (6-11) and low (0-5). Among 8,341 eligible individuals, 6,006 were recruited (response rate:72%) and 5,878 adults (≥18 years) were included in the analysis. Results: Only 30.4%, 21.6%, and 29.6% of the participants had a high overall knowledge level of HBV, HCV and HIV, respectively. These low percentages were mainly attributed to the high levels of misconception about transmission modes (65.9%, 67.2%, and 67.9%, respectively). Results showed that increasing age and living out of the big metropolitan cities were associated with decreased odds of having higher knowledge. Female gender, higher education level, higher monthly family income, higher medical risk score, history of testing and being born in Greece or Cyprus, were associated with increased odds of having higher knowledge. Conclusions: There are significant knowledge gaps in the Greek general population regarding modes of transmission, preventive measures and treatment availability for HBV, HCV and HIV. There is an urgent need for large scale but also localized awareness activities targeted to less privileged populations, to fill the gaps in knowledge and increase population engagement in preventive measures.
Neurocomputational mechanisms engaged in detecting cooperative and competitive intentions of others
Authors: Philippe Rémi , Janet Rémi , Khalvati Koosha , Rao Rajesh , Lee Daeyeol , Dreher Jean-Claude 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Humans frequently interact with other agents whose intentions can fluctuate over time between competitive and cooperative strategies. How does the brain decide whether the others’ intentions are to cooperate or compete when the nature of the interactions is not explicitly signaled? We used model-based fMRI and a task in which participants thought they were playing with another player. In fact, this agent was an algorithm alternating without signaling between cooperative and competitive strategies. A neurocomputational mechanism underlying arbitration between competitive and cooperative experts outperforms other learning models in predicting choice behavior. The ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex tracked the reliability of this arbitration process. When attributing competitive intentions, these regions increased their coupling with a network that distinguish prediction error related to competition versus cooperation. These findings provide a neurocomputational account of how the brain dynamically arbitrates between cooperative and competitive intentions when making adaptive social decisions.
Two point-of-care test-based approaches for the exclusion of deep vein thrombosis in general practice: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Heerink Jorn , Oudega Ruud , Koffijberg Hendrik , Kusters Ron , Nies Joanne , Kip Michelle 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
In the diagnostic work-up of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the use of point-of-care-test (POCT) D-dimer assays is emerging as a promising patient-friendly alternative to regular D-dimer assays, but their cost-effectiveness is unknown. We compared the cost-effectiveness of two POCT-based approaches to the most common, laboratory-based, situation.
Methods
A patient-level simulation model was developed to simulate the diagnostic trajectory of patients presenting with symptoms of DVT at the general practitioner (GP). Three strategies were defined for further diagnostic work-up: one based on current guidelines (‘regular strategy’) and two alternative approaches where a POCT for D-dimer is implemented at the 1) phlebotomy service (‘DVT care pathway’) and 2) GP practice (‘fast-POCT strategy’). Probabilities, costs and health outcomes were obtained from the literature. Costs and effects were determined from a societal perspective over a time horizon of six months. Uncertainty in model outcomes was assessed with a one-way sensitivity analysis.
Results
The Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) scores for the three DVT diagnostic work-up strategies were all around 0.43 across a six month-time horizon. Cost-savings of the two POCT-based strategies compared to the regular strategy were €103/patient for the DVT care pathway (95% CI: -€117-89), and €87/patient for the fast-POCT strategy (95% CI: -€113-67).
Conclusions
Point-of-care-based approaches result in similar health outcomes compared with regular strategy. Given their expected cost-savings and patient-friendly nature, we recommend implementing a D-dimer POCT device in the diagnostic DVT work-up.
The Treatment Outcome of Infants Less Than 6 Months of Age with Uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition Fed with Supplementary Suckling Technique in Armed Conflict Yemen
Authors: Baazab Mohamed Salem Mohamed , Bilal Jalal Ali , Ba-Saddik Iman Ali , Arabi Ali Mohammed 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Globally 3.8 million of children < 6 month of age are severely wasted. In Yemen, 2.3 million children under the age of five suffer from acute malnutrition in 2021 and 20% of Children under six months were affected by malnutrition during the armed conflict. Supplementary suckling reestablishes exclusive breastfeeding in infant less than 6 months of age with SAM. This study aimed to determine the outcome of employing supplementary suckling technique in treatment of uncomplicated SAM infants in a conflict-affected community.
Methods
A prospective hospital-based study was done between January to April 19th, 2020 among randomly selected infants less than 6 months of age with SAM following breastfeeding failure. Infants’ anthropometric indices were daily measured and recorded. Supplementary sulking technique was used in management with DF100 or F75. Outcome was recorded as cured, died, defaulter or in nonrecovery state.
Results
infants in this study (n=108) had a median (IQR) age of 4.0 (2.5) and a male: female ratio of 1.4. The cure rate after feeding was 80.6%, defaulters were 13 (12%), 6 (5.6%) died and 2 (1.9%) infants did not respond to treatment. Thirty-four infants (38.8%) gained weight with significantly increased median weight and median weight-for-age z score. Median weight gain rate was 10.1 g/Kg/day. The median (IQR) duration of treatment was 9 (3.8) days. The means of age and weight-for-length z score were correlated (r= -0.22, p=0.025). Duration of treatment was a predictor of outcome (OR=1.71, 95% CI=0.05-0.62, p<0.001).
Conclusion
Supplementary suckling technique for feeding infant with SAM aged less than 6 months had a positive impact on anthropometric indices with high cure rate. The younger the infant and the longer the duration of treatment, the better the outcome.
Trial registration:
Not Applicable
Investigating Anticancer Potency of In Vitro Propagated Endemic Thymus Cilicicus Boiss. &amp; Bal. Extract on Human Lung, Breast, and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Ghafoor Naeem Abdul , Galatali Selin , Yeniocak Sevil , Kaya Ergun , Sarac Nurdan , Ugur Aysel 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020 alone and surpassing all other categories by a large margin. Several different strategies have been and are still being deployed to combat different types of cancers and among the common clinical approaches are the use of synthetic and natural compounds as anticancer agents within chemotherapy regimens. Thymus cilicicus Boiss. & Bal is a spice endemic to Turkey, the Northern Aegean Islands, Lebanon, and Syria, while several species of the Thymus genus are known to exhibit different clinically valuable properties, the research on T. cilicicus is rather scarce, therefore, in this study, the wound healing properties of in vitro propagated T. cilicicus ethanolic extracts were investigated on murine fibroblast (NIH-3T3), and its anticancer potency was investigated on the human alveolar basal epithelial adenocarcinoma (A549), human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-213), and human prostate cancer (DU-145) cell lines via colorimetric MTT assays. The wound healing property assessments didn’t lead to any significant results, however, T. cilicicus yielded selective and promising anticancer potency on the A549 cell line. Furthermore, molecular docking analyses were on the proteins of 9 genes confirmed to be upregulated in both 3D and 4D A549 cultures against 48 compounds found in the essential oils of T. cilicicus were performed and yielded results acquiescent with previous findings in the scientific literature. This study provides in vitro evidence to the selective anticancer activity of T. cilicicus extracts on A549 cells enhanced with computational evidence on the molecular mechanism involved in this selective activity. This study serves as a precursor for further in vivo and clinical research on the constituents of T. cilicicus as potent anticancer agents and their potential use in cancer therapies.
Optimality principles explaining divergent responses of alpine vegetation to environmental change
Authors: Zhu Ziqi , Wang Han , Harrison Sandy , Prentice Iain , Qiao Shengchao , Tan Shen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Recent increases in vegetation cover, observed over much of the world, reflect increasing CO2 globally and warming in cold areas. However, the strength of the response to both CO2 and warming appears to be declining. Here we examine changes in vegetation cover on the Tibetan Plateau over the past 35 years. Although the climate trends are similar across the Plateau, drier regions have become greener by 0.31±0.14% yr−1 while wetter regions have become browner by 0.12±0.08% yr–1. This divergent response is predicted by a universal model of primary production accounting for optimal carbon allocation to leaves, subject to constraint by water availability. Rising CO2 stimulates production in both greening and browning areas; increased precipitation enhances growth in dry regions, but growth is reduced in wetter regions because warming increases below-ground allocation costs. The declining sensitivity of vegetation to climate change reflects a shift from water to energy limitation.
From Science to Politics: COVID-19 Information Fatigue on YouTube
Authors: shi chyun-fung , So Matthew C , Stelmach Sophie , Earn Arielle , Earn David J D , Dushoff Jonathan 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic is the first pandemic where social media platforms relayed information on a large scale, enabling an “infodemic” of conflicting information which undermined the global response to the pandemic. Understanding how the information circulated and evolved on social media platforms is essential for planning future public health campaigns. This study investigated what types of themes about COVID-19 were most viewed on YouTube during the first 8 months of the pandemic, and how COVID-19 themes progressed over this period.Methods: We analyzed top-viewed YouTube COVID-19-related videos in English from from December 1, 2019 to August 16, 2020 with an open inductive content analysis. We coded 536 videos associated with 1.1 billion views across the study period. East Asian countries were the first to report the virus, while most of the top-viewed videos in English were from the US. Videos from straight news outlets dominated the top-viewed videos throughout the outbreak, and public health authorities contributed the fewest. Although straight news was the dominant COVID-19 video source with various types of themes, its viewership per video was similar to that for entertainment news and YouTubers after March.Results: We found, first, that collective public attention to the COVID-19 pandemic on YouTube peaked around March 2020, before the outbreak peaked, and flattened afterwards despite a spike in worldwide cases. Second, more videos focused on prevention early on, but videos with political themes increased through time. Third, regarding prevention and control measures, masking received much less attention than lockdown and social distancing in the study period.Conclusion: Our study suggests that a transition of focus from science to politics on social media intensified the COVID-19 infodemic and may have weakened mitigation measures during the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is recommended that authorities should consider co-operating with reputable social media influencers to promote health campaigns and improve health literacy. In addition, given high levels of globalization of social platforms and polarization of users, tailoring communication towards different digital communities is likely to be essential.
Wildfires Disproportionately Affected Jaguars in the Pantanal
Authors: De Barros Alan , Morato Ronaldo , Fleming Christen , Pardini Renata , Oliveira-Santos Luiz Gustavo , Tomas Walfrido , Kantek Daniel , Tortato Fernando , Fragoso Carlos , Azevedo Fernando , Thompson Jeffrey , Prado Paulo Inácio 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The Pantanal wetland harbours the second largest population of jaguars in the world. Alongside climate and land-use changes, the recent mega-fires in the Pantanal may pose a new threat to the jaguars’ long-term survival. To put these growing threats into perspective, we addressed the reach and intensity of fires that have affected jaguar conservation in the Pantanal ecoregion over the last 16 years. The 2020 fires were the most severe in the annual series, followed by 2019, burned 31% of the Pantanal and affected (I) 45% of the estimated jaguar population (87% of these affected in Brazil); II) 79% of the home range (HRs) areas, and (III) 54% of the protected areas (PAs) within HRs. Fires consumed core habitats and injured several individual jaguars, the Pantanal’s apex predator and umbrella species. Displacement, hunger, dehydration, territorial defence, and lower fecundity are among the impacts that may affect the abundance of the species. These impacts are likely to affect other less mobile species and, therefore, the ecological stability of the region. A solution to prevent the recurrence of mega-fires lies in combating the anthropogenic causes that intensify drought conditions, such as implementing actions to protect springs, increasing the number and area of PAs, regulating the use of fire, and allocating fire brigades before dry seasons.