bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Validity and Reliability of the “oral Health Assessment Tool” Applied by Speech-language Therapists in a Population of Older Chilean People
Authors: Morales Camilo , Henríquez Felipe , Muñoz Sergio 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: A good state of oral health allows people to communicate and eat. This topic is relevant in older people given its close relationship with their general health. At present, health challenges are directed at detecting and preventing oral disorders and are seen to exclusively by dentists, because the existing instruments can only be applied by them. However, speech-language therapists undergo similar training, which would allow them to collaborate in these processes. In this context, the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a detection instrument with good psychometric properties that is currently available for non-dental use. The objective of this study is the translation into Chilean Spanish of the OHAT and a structural validation of that version for application by these professionals. Materials and methods: A mixed qualitative-quantitative study was carried out. The OHAT instrument was adapted to Chilean Spanish and subsequently subject to structural validity and evaluation of internal consistency reliability, as well as a valuation of its reproducibility in 286 older people (166 female, 120 male) from different health contexts. Results: The cultural adaptation of the instrument proved to be semantically consistent with the original instrument. Its application was considered to be speedy and simple in the pre-test. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis evidenced the unidimensionality of the OHAT. In addition, the instrument shows good internal consistency and test-retest reliability.Conclusions: The OHAT instrument was considered to possess adequate structural validity and test-retest reliability properties. Its usefulness in the context of oral health disorders of this population in Chile is discussed.
Multiomics analysis reveals that hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β regulates axon guidance genes in the developing mouse kidney
Authors: Shao Annie , Gearhart Micah D , Chan Siu Chiu , Miao Zhen , Susztak Katalin , Igarashi Peter 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF-1β) is essential for normal development of the kidney and other epithelial organs. In the developing mouse kidney, HNF-1β is required for the differentiation and patterning of immature nephrons and branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud (UB). Here, we used ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify genes that are regulated by HNF-1β in embryonic mouse kidneys. ChIP-seq revealed that HNF-1β binds to 8,284 sites in chromatin from E14.5 mouse kidneys. Comparison with previous ATAC-seq and histone modification studies showed that HNF-1β binding peaks colocalized with open chromatin and epigenetic marks of transcriptional activation (H3K27 acetylation, H3K4 trimethylation, H3K4 monomethylation), indicating that the binding sites were functional. To investigate the relationship between HNF-1β binding and HNF-1β-dependent gene regulation, RNA-seq was performed on UB cells purified from wild-type and HNF-1β mutant embryonic kidneys. A total of 1,632 genes showed reduced expression in HNF-1β-deficient UB cells, and 485 genes contained nearby HNF-1β binding sites indicating that they were directly activated by HNF-1β. Conversely, HNF-1β directly repressed the expression of 526 genes in the UB. Comparison with snATAC-seq analysis of UB-derived cells showed that both HNF-1β-dependent activation and repression correlated with chromatin accessibility. Pathway analysis revealed that HNF-1β binds near 68 axon guidance genes in the developing kidney. RNA-seq analysis showed that Nrp1, Sema3c, Sema3d, Sema6a, and Slit2 were activated by HNF-1β, whereas Efna1, Epha3, Epha4, Epha7, Ntn4, Plxna2, Sema3a, Sema4b, Slit3, Srgap1, Unc5c and Unc5d were repressed by HNF-1β. RNAscope in situ hybridization showed that Efna1, Nrp1, Sema3c, Sema3d, Sema6a, and Slit2 were expressed in wild-type UB and were dysregulated in HNF-1β mutant UB. These studies show that HNF-1β directly regulates the expression of multiple axon guidance genes in the developing mouse kidney. Dysregulation of axon guidance genes may underlie kidney defects in HNF-1β mutant mice.
Macroeconomic Convergence in West African Monetary Zone
Authors: Ude Damian Kalu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study has investigated the issues pertaining to the macroeconomic convergence in West Africa Monetary Zone (WAMZ) countries and the degree of compliance with both the primary and secondary convergence criteria laid down for WAMZ member countries. The study used panel data from 2000 to 2020. The study employed a log-t test for the convergence analysis for the primary and secondary criteria variables for WAMZ member states while comparing results from cointegration test for convergence to estimate all parameters of all equations simultaneously taking into consideration the correlations among the cross-sectional countries. The log-t test result suggests that all the primary criteria variables for convergence have converged. Result equally shows that all the secondary criteria variables have converged except for total national debt percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) which appears to be diverging among WAMZ countries. Therefore, member states of West African Monetary Zone should ensure that full convergence is attained in the nearest future in all the primary criteria variables by ensuring policy coordination and strict compliance of enabling macroeconomic policies. The study recommends the commencement of the WAMZ convergence objective of single currency after full convergence.
WITHDRAWN: Transport and combustion phenomena of methane flames in flow environments
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Flame stabilization is a common problem in small-scale combustion systems. A fundamental understanding of the stabilization mechanisms of a flame within very small spaces is of both fundamental and practical significance. However, the transport and combustion phenomena of methane flames in flow environments remain unclear and warrant further study. This study relates to the transport and combustion phenomena of methane flames in flow environments. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are carried out to gain insights into the nature of the chemical reaction in flow environments. Computations are performed to predict combustion phenomena over wide temperature and concentration ranges. The factors affecting transport and combustion phenomena are determined for methane flames in flow environments. Particular focus is placed on determining essential factors that affect the transport and combustion phenomena of methane flames in flow environments. The results indicate that flame combustion is most prominent with fuels that have been premixed with an oxidant for the reaction. The process of diffusion is of great importance in flames. Physical processes that transfer mass and energy by diffusion or convection occur in gaseous combustion. In the absence of external forces, the rate of component diffusion depends upon the concentration of the constituents, pressure, and temperature changes, and on diffusion coefficients. The heat flux is proportional to the temperature gradient. Dilution of the burning mixture with an inert gas lowers the temperature and, consequently, the reaction rate. Great amounts of inert gas extinguish the flame, and the same result is achieved when substances that remove any of the active species are added to the flame. The principal quantitative characteristic of a flame is its normal, or fundamental, burning velocity, which depends on the chemical and thermodynamic properties of the mixture and on pressure and temperature, under given conditions of heat loss. Combustion proceeds primarily at temperatures close to the maximum the flame can achieve. Flame propagation is accounted for by heat energy transport from the combustion zone to the unburned mixture, which raises the temperature of the mixture. Both heat transport and diffusion of active particles must be considered essential for ignition.
WITHDRAWN: Thermal properties of carbon nanotubes using characterization techniques
Authors: Chen Junjie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes can exhibit unique ability to conduct heat. However, the effects of different factors on the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes are still poorly understood. Little research has been conducted to determine which parameters are important for high thermal conductivity. This study relates to the thermal properties of carbon nanotubes using characterization techniques. Carbon nanotubes were produced and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The effects of different factors on the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes were investigated to understand the characteristics of thermal transport in the nanostructured material. The objective is to gain insight into the fundamental characteristics of thermal transport in carbon nanotubes. Particular emphasis is placed on the dependence of thermal conductivity on different factors, with an attempt to improve the heat conduction properties for carbon nanotubes. The results indicated that a single-walled carbon nanotube can be described as a long tube formed by wrapping a single graphene sheet into a cylinder with diameter of about one nanometer, the ends of which are capped by fullerene cages. The sidewalls of carbon nanotubes are made of graphene sheets consisting of neighboring hexagonal cells. Three different types of single-walled carbon nanotubes are distinctly characterized, named zigzag, armchair, and chiral. These structural variations result in differences in electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are concentrically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube assemblies with different diameters. The distance between adjacent shells is about 0.34 nanometer. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes differ from single-walled carbon nanotubes not only in their dimensions, but also in their corresponding properties. The specific thermal conductivity decreases with increasing bulk density. The bulk density may be controlled to produce carbon nanotube films with high thermal conductivity. As for thermal properties, carbon nanotubes outperform diamond as the best thermal conductor. Applications of carbon nanotubes are aimed to make use of their unique properties to solve problems at the nanoscale.
Lung abscess (etiology and Therapy)
Authors: Moustafa Nour , Al-Fawaris Ma'moun , Al-Masri Lama , Bardan Housam 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background:lung abscesses are considered one of the diseases that affect humans of all ages, which occur as a result of infection that affects the respiratory system, and it occurs in males more than female.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 122 patients from Damascus Hospital where All patients with a lung abscess and divided into two group: patients with primary lung abscess (81.1%) and patient with secondary lung abscess (18.9%) who met the exclusion and inclusion criteria were accepted.Results:The sample included 122 patients, all of whom had lung abscess, (males 72.2%, females 27.9%), the percentage of patients between 40 and 50 years of age was 29.5%, which is the most age group in the study, most of patients were from Damascus countryside (39.3%), most of the patients were smoked cigarettes (57.4%). As for the type of lung abscess, the largest percentage of lung abscess was without surgical intervention, (81.1%), and the method of diagnosis was based mainly on R-xay (57.4%), and the treatment was based mainly on antibiotics (75.4%), right lower lung lobe mainly Infected (32.8%), anaerobes is mainly causative agent (54.1%), and deaths occurred in (11.5%) of patients.Conclusion:· The most important causative factor for a lung abscess is anaerobes.· There is no statistically significant relationship between the duration and amount of smoking and the incidence of lung abscess.· There is no statistically significant relationship mortality and method of treatment and type of causative agent.
Distanzunterricht im Förderschwerpunkt Geistige Entwicklung für Schüler:innen mit Bedarf an Unterstützter Kommunikation – Erhebung der Lehrer:innenperspektive
Authors: Schwarzenberg Eileen , Mischo Susanne 
Published: July 2022

Der vorliegende Artikel fokussiert den Distanzunterricht im Förderschwerpunkt Geistige Entwicklung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Schüler:innen mit Bedarf an Unterstützter Kommunikation (UK-Bedarf). Auf der Basis einer qualitativen Interviewstudie werden Ergebnisse zur Unterrichtsgestaltung sowie Barrieren und Gelingensfaktoren des Distanzunterrichts für Schüler:innen mit UK-Bedarf aus der Perspektive von Lehrkräften an Förderschulen mit dem Förderschwerpunkt Geistige Entwicklung vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse werden unter Rückbezug zum Konstrukt der Partizipation diskutiert. Es zeigt sich, dass die Unterrichtsgestaltung im Distanzunterricht unter Einbeziehung von Mitteln und Methoden der Unterstützten Kommunikation in gesellschaftlicher, gemeinschaftlicher und individueller Hinsicht besonders komplex ist.

Abstract
This article focuses on distance learning in special education settings with particular consideration of students with learning disabilities and complex communication needs (CCN). On the basis of qualitative interviews results for lesson design are presented as well barriers and success factors of distance learning for students with complex communication needs from the perspective of teachers in special schools. The results are discussed with reference to the construct of participation. The overall picture that emerges is that distance learning using augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) tools and methods is particularly complex on the levels of society, community and the individual.
Distribution and diffusion thermodynamic characteristics of phosphorus at the interface between river sediment and water under the influence of artificial disturbance
Authors: Song Yujia , Song Shoufa , Huang Yan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Artificial disturbance affects the migration of phosphorus (P) at the interface between river sediments and water. In the present research, we sampled three sections of the Yitong River in Changchun City, China, in order to obtain representative samples of city, town, and rural reaches. Overlying water and sediment samples were obtained in September 2021 during the dry period. In our experiments, we determined the distribution of different forms of P, diffusion flux of P at the interface, as well as P adsorption parameters. The results showed that concentrations of four P species in the sediments followed the order: Ca-P &gt; Fe-P &gt; Acid extracted phosphorus &gt; Alkali extracted phosphorus. The diffusion flux of -P in each reach was positive, showing that sediments were an important P source for the overlying water. The -P content in the interstitial water of sediments was significantly correlated with that in the overlying water. This indicated that P diffused into the overlying water in the form of -P under most circumstances. The adsorption parameters gradually decreased from upstream to downstream. These data indicated that potential for phosphorus release from downstream sediments was higher than that from upstream sediments. This likely occurred because, downstream, a greater artificial disturbance intensity is observed.
Distributed wastewater treatment offers an environmentally preferable alternative to conventional septic systems in Central Florida
Authors: Lapointe Brian E. , Brewton Rachel A. , Littlejohn Jeffrey M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Wastewater management is a critical issue globally. In Florida, the importance of this issue is heightened by the proximity to sensitive ecosystems. Distributed wastewater treatment units (DWTU) are a recent, state-approved alternative to septic system conversions to centralized sewer infrastructure. In this study, the performance of a DWTU was tested at a new residence in Lake Hamilton, FL. A monitoring well was installed downgradient of the DWTU absorption field to establish baseline groundwater conditions prior to occupation of the residence. The residence was occupied, after which groundwater, DWTU influent, and effluent samples were collected. Many effluent parameters significantly decreased compared to influent, including ammonia (NH3; 97%), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN; 95%), total nitrogen (TN; 88%), the TN:TP ratio (84%), fecal coliforms (92%), carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD; 96%), and total suspended solids (TSS; 96%). In the groundwater, nutrient concentrations initially increased compared to the baseline data, but eventually decreased, demonstrating that the DWTU was effective at improving quality of wastewater effluent. These systems could be especially effective in sensitive areas where advanced wastewater treatment has been mandated or is needed.
Aberrant Connection Formation and Glia Involvement in the Progression of Pharmacoresistant Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Vega-García Angélica , Guevara-Guzmán Rosalinda , García-Gómez Omar , Feria-Romero Iris , Fernández-Valverde Francisca , Alonso-Vanegas Mario , Orozco-Suárez Sandra 
Published: July 2022

Abstract:Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disease, affecting approximately 65 million people worldwide, with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) being the most common type, characterized by the presence of focal seizures that begin in the hippocampus and subsequently generalize to structures such as the cerebral cortex. It is estimated that approximately 40% of patients with mTLE develop drug resistance (DR), whose pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. The neuronal network hypothesis is one attempt to understand the mechanisms underlying resistance to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), since recurrent seizure activity generates excitotoxic damage and activation of neuronal death and survival pathways that in turn promote the formation of aberrant neuronal networks. This review addresses the mechanisms that are activated, perhaps as compensatory mechanisms in response to the neurological damage caused by epileptic seizures but that affect the formation of aberrant connections that allow the establishment of inappropriate circuits. On the other hand, glia seem to have a relevant role in postseizure plasticity, thus supporting the hypothesis of the neuronal network in drug-resistant epilepsy, which has been proposed for ELT.
Mobile Apps for People With Rare Diseases: Review and Quality Assessment Using Mobile App Rating Scale
Authors: Hatem Sarah , Long Janet C , Best Stephanie , Fehlberg Zoe , Nic Giolla Easpaig Bróna , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: July 2022

Background
Mobile apps are becoming increasingly popular, with 5.70 million apps available in early 2021. Smartphones can provide portable and convenient access to health apps. Here, we consider apps for people with one of the estimated 7000 rare conditions, which are defined as having an incidence of <1 in 2000. The needs of people with rare conditions are known to be different from those of people with more common conditions. The former may be socially isolated (not knowing anyone else who has the condition) and may not be able to find reliable information about the disorder.

Objective
The aim of this review is to search for apps developed specifically for people diagnosed with a rare disease and to assess them for quality using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). We examine features that address 6 identified needs of people with a rare disorder and make recommendations for future developers.

Methods
Google Play Store (Android) and Apple App Store (iOS) were searched for relevant health-related apps specifically for rare diseases. The search included the names of 10 rare disease groups. App quality was determined using MARS, assessing app engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information.

Results
We found 29 relevant apps (from a total of 2272) addressing 14 rare diseases or disease groups. The most common rare conditions addressed were cystic fibrosis (n=6), hemophilia (n=5), and thalassemia (n=5). The most common app features were web-based information and symptom trackers. The mean MARS score was 3.44 (SD 0.84). Lowest scores were for engagement.

Conclusions
Most apps provided factual and visual information, providing tools for self-monitoring and resources to help improve interactions during health consultations. App origin and quality varied greatly. Developers are recommended to consider ways to make appropriate apps more easily identifiable to consumers, to always include high-quality information, improve engagement, provide qualitative evaluations of the app, and include consumers and clinicians in the design.
Objective Assessment of the Nature and Extent of Children’s Internet-Based World: Protocol for the Kids Online Aotearoa Study
Authors: Gurtner Marcus , Smith Moira , Gage Ryan , Howey-Brown Anna , Wang Xinyi , Latavao Tevita , D Deng Jeremiah , P Zwanenburg Sander , Stanley James , Signal Louise 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundChildren under 18 years of age account for approximately 1 in 3 internet users worldwide. Largely unregulated, the internet-based world is evolving rapidly and becoming increasingly intrusive. There is a dearth of objective research globally on children’s real-time experiences of the internet-based world.ObjectiveThis paper reports an objective methodology to study the nature and extent of children’s internet-based world, their engagement with it, and how this impacts their health and well-being.MethodsA total of 180 year 8 students from 12 schools will be recruited into the study within the Wellington region of Aotearoa, New Zealand. Children use Zoom video teleconferencing software to record real-time, screen-shared internet-based content, for 4 consecutive days. Data on demographics, health and well-being, and attitudes and perceived behaviors in relation to the internet-based world are collected. Phone screen-time balances are retrieved. Data collection commenced in June 2021 and is anticipated to be completed in 2023.ResultsRecordings show children exploring diverse web-based settings and content, including personalized content curated by algorithms on platforms such as TikTok, YouTube, and Instagram. Preliminary analysis shows that the data can be used to study a wide range of topics. Behavioral Observation Research Interaction Software is being used to manually code recordings. Artificial Intelligence techniques are also being applied, including hashtag extraction, optical character recognition, as well as object, pattern, speech, and lyric recognition.ConclusionsThis novel methodology reveals the unique internet-based experiences of children. It is underpinned by a commitment to ensuring that their rights are protected. It seeks to provide concrete evidence on internet usage in this group and to facilitate appropriate political and societal action to effectively regulate the internet-based world to prevent harm to children.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/39017