Effect on mortality and hospitalization of real-world implementation of transitional care heart failure programmes in patients with heart failure: a population-based study in 77,554 patients
Authors: Comin-Colet J , Capdevila C , Vela E , Cleries M , Fernandez C , Alcober L , Calero-Molina E , Hidalgo E , Jose N , Moliner P , Corbella X , Yun S , Jimenez-Marrero S , Garay A , Enjuanes-Grau C 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The efficacy of heart failure programs has been demonstrated in clinical trials but their applicability in the real-world practice setting is more controversial.

Purpose
This study evaluates the efficacy of a comprehensive, transitional-care nurse-based HF programme integrating hospital and primary care resources in a healthcare area covering a population of 209,255 (implementation area).

Methods
We designed a pragmatic, population-based evaluation of the implementation of the program conducting a natural experiment. Study periods were: pre-implementation period (years 2015 and 2016), transition period (year 2017) and consolidation of implementation period (years 2018 and 2019). For the purposes of this study, we included all individuals consecutively admitted to hospital with at least one ICD-9-CM code for HF as the primary diagnosis and discharged alive in Catalonia between January, the 1st, 2015 and December, the 31st of 2019. Efficacy of the implementation of the program was measured at two levels: first, comparing the outcomes of patients exposed to the HF program between periods of implementation taking 2015–2016 as the reference period and, second, comparing outcomes between patients of the implementation area with patients of the remaining areas of the Catalonia at each predefined period.

Results
We included 77,554 patients in the study: 3,396 exposed to the implementation area and 74,158 exposed to the rest of healthcare areas in Catalonia. During the period of the study, 55,886 (72.1%) patients experienced at least one major adverse event. Death occurred in 37,469 (48.3%), clinically related hospitalisation in 41,709 (53.8%) and HF readmission in 29,755 (38.4%).
As shown in Table 1, multivariate Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, gender, previous hospitalisation, co-morbidities, socioeconomic status, and time since HF diagnosis showed there was a significant (all p-values &lt;0.001) relative risk reduction of the risk of all-cause death (5%), clinically related hospitalisation (13%) and HF hospitalisation (14%) in the consolidation period (2018–2019) compared to the pre-programme period (2015–2016). Similarly, as shown in Table 1 and Figure 1, while in the pre-programme period (2015–2016) the risk of adverse outcomes was significantly higher in patients exposed to the implementation area compared to the rest of Catalonia, this association was inverted during the consolidation period (2018–2019) where the risk of mortality, clinically-related readmission and HF re-hospitalisation was significantly reduced (all p-values &lt;0.025) by 19%, 11% and 16%, respectively, among patients exposed to the implementation area compared with patients of the remaining areas of Catalonia.

Conclusions
The implementation of multidisciplinary transitional-care nurse-based heart failure programmes integrating hospital and primary care reduce mortality and hospitalisation in vulnerable patients with heart-failure.

Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.