bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The significance of an impact factor: implications for the publishing community
Authors: O'Neill Jill 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe journal impact factor, as a metric developed in the mid‐1960s by Dr Eugene Garfield and Dr Irving Sher, represents the influence that an ‘average article’ published in a specific journal has on the scholarly discipline and audience that it serves. Originally intended to serve as an equalizer for use by the Institute for Scientific Information® (ISI®) in making comparative evaluations of large and small journals in a particular discipline, the impact factor now has numerous applications for publishers, librarians, and researchers. Ideally, the journal impact factor should be seen by publishers as a useful tool in gauging the effectiveness of their publication product in serving the needs of a particular scholarly community. The significance of a journal impact factor, its appropriate usage by the scholarly publishing community and its extension into the electronic environment are discussed.
Convergence of difference schemes with high resolution for conservation laws
Authors: Chen Gui-Qiang , Liu Jian-Guo 
Published: July 2002

We are concerned with the convergence of Lax-Wendroff type schemes with high resolution to the entropy solutions for conservation laws. These schemes include the original Lax-Wendroff scheme proposed by Lax and Wendroff in 1960 and its two step versions–the Richtmyer scheme and the MacCormack scheme. For the convex scalar conservation laws with algebraic growth flux functions, we prove the convergence of these schemes to the weak solutions satisfying appropriate entropy inequalities. The proof is based on detailed

L

p

L^{p}

estimates of the approximate solutions,

H

−
1

H^{-1}

compactness estimates of the corresponding entropy dissipation measures, and some compensated compactness frameworks. Then these techniques are generalized to study the convergence problem for the nonconvex scalar case and the hyperbolic systems of conservation laws.
The averaging lemma
Authors: DeVore Ronald , Petrova Guergana 
Published: July 2002

Averaging lemmas deduce smoothness of velocity averages, such as
\[

f
¯

(
x
)
:=

∫
Ω

f
(
x
,
v
)

d
v
,

Ω
⊂

R

d

,

\bar f(x):=\int _\Omega f(x,v)\, dv ,\quad \Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^d,

\]
from properties of

f
f

. A canonical example is that

f
¯

\bar f

is in the Sobolev space

W

1

/

2

(

L
2

(

R

d

)
)

W^{1/2}(L_2(\mathbb {R}^d))

whenever

f
f

and

g
(
x
,
v
)
:=
v
⋅

∇
x

f
(
x
,
v
)

g(x,v):=v\cdot \nabla _xf(x,v)

are in

L
2

(

R

d

×
Ω
)

L_2(\mathbb {R}^d\times \Omega )

. The present paper shows how techniques from Harmonic Analysis such as maximal functions, wavelet decompositions, and interpolation can be used to prove

L
p

L_p

versions of the averaging lemma. For example, it is shown that

f
,
g
∈

L
p

(

R

d

×
Ω
)

f,g\in L_p(\mathbb {R}^d\times \Omega )

implies that

f
¯

\bar f

is in the Besov space

B
p
s

(

L
p

(

R

d

)
)

B_p^s(L_p(\mathbb {R}^d))

,

s
:=
min
(
1

/

p
,
1

/

p
′

)

s:=\min (1/p,1/p^\prime )

. Examples are constructed using wavelet decompositions to show that these averaging lemmas are sharp. A deeper analysis of the averaging lemma is made near the endpoint

p
=
1

p=1

.
TLCQA: quantitative study of thin-layer chromatography.
Authors: Chau F T , Chan T P , Wang J 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
SUMMARY: An accurate, simple and low-cost image-analysis system has been set up for capturing thin-layer chromatography images, and a software package, TLCQA, has also been developed for both qualitative and quantitative analyses using the acquired image. AVAILABILITY: Available upon request from the authors. CONTACT: bcftchau@poly.edu.hk
Single column discrepancy and dynamic max-mini optimizations
for quickly finding the most parsimonious evolutionary trees
Authors: Purdom, Jr P. W. , Bradford P. G. , Tamura K. , Kumar S. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: In the maximum parsimony (MP) method, the tree requiring the minimum number of changes (discrepancy) to explain the given set of DNA or amino acid sequences is chosen to represent their evolutionary relationships. To find the MP tree, the branch-and-bound algorithm is normally used. For a partial phylogenetic-tree (one that has a subset of the organisms) the traditional algorithm assigns a cost equal to the discrepancy of the partial phylogenetic-tree. We propose a single column discrepancy heuristic which increases this cost by predicting a minimum additional discrepancy needed to attach the sequences yet to be added to the partial phylogenetic-tree. A dynamic Max-mini order of sequence addition is also proposed to quickly terminate branch-and-bound search paths that are guaranteed to lead to suboptimal solutions.
Results: We studied the running time of 47 problems generated from 17 data sets. The use of single column discrepancy heuristic speeded up the computation to 2.4-fold for static and 18.2-fold for dynamic search order. The improvement appeared to increase exponentially with the number of sequences. The proposed strategies are also likely to be useful in speeding up the MP tree search using heuristic searches that are based on branch-and-bound-like algorithms.
Contact: s.kumar@asu.edu
Delayed activation of PPARγ by LPS and IFN‐γ attenuates the oxidative burst in macrophages
Authors: ANDREAS VON KNETHEN , BERNHARD BRÜNE 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTDesensitization of macrophages is important during the development of sepsis. It was our intention to identify mechanisms that promote macrophage deactivation upon contact with endotoxin (LPS) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) in vitro. Macrophage activation was achieved with 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate (TPA), and the oxidative burst (i.e., oxygen radical formation) was followed by oxidation of the redox‐sensitive dyes hydroethidine and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Prestimulation of macrophages for 15 h with a combination of LPS/IFN‐γ attenuated oxygen radical formation in response to TPA. Taking the anti‐inflammatory properties of the peroxisome proliferator‐activating receptorγ (PPARγ) into consideration, we established activation of PPARγ in response to LPS/IFN‐γ by an electrophoretic mobility shift, supershift, and a reporter gene assay. The reporter contains a triple PPAR‐responsive element (PPRE) in front of a thymidine kinase minimal promoter driving the luciferase gene. We demonstrated that PPRE decoy oligonucleotides, supplied in front of LPS/IFN‐γ, allowed a full oxidative burst to recover upon TPA addition. Furthermore, we suppressed the oxidative burst by using the PPARγ agonists 15‐deoxy‐Δ12,14‐prostaglandin J2, BRL 49653, or ciglitazone. No effect was observed with WY 14643, a PPARa agonist. We conclude that activation of PPARs, most likely PPARγ, promotes macrophage desensitization, thus attenuating the oxidative burst. This process appears important during development of sepsis.—von Knethen, A., Brüne, B. Delayed activation of PPARg by LPS and IFN‐γ attenuates the oxidative burst in macrophages. FASEB J. 15, 535‐544 (2001)
Dynamic signals in instructional videos support students to navigate through complex representations: An eye‐tracking study
Authors: Rodemer Marc , Lindner Marlit A. , Eckhard Julia , Graulich Nicole , Bernholt Sascha 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this eye‐tracking experiment, we compared instructional videos with static signals, dynamic signals and no signaling in a within‐subject design. We tracked eye movements from 28 undergraduate chemistry students while they were watching instructional videos about reaction mechanisms in the different signaling conditions. Further, we assessed students' cognitive load, as well as retention performance. We employed a Latin square design to control for sequencing and content effects of the instructional videos. Our data showed that dynamic signals helped students to better focus their attention to the relevant features of the representations virtually across the entire time of the video presentation. Furthermore, dynamic signals increased retention performance while they decreased extraneous cognitive load. Overall, our findings show the crucial role of pairing the signaling principle with the temporal contiguity principle in instructional videos to help students navigate through complex symbolic representations and improve their learning success.
In Situ Exsolution of Core‐Shell Structured NiFe/FeOx Nanoparticles on Pr0.4Sr1.6(NiFe)1.5Mo0.5O6‐δ for CO2 Electrolysis
Authors: Tan Ting , Wang Ziming , Qin Mingxia , Zhong Wentao , Hu Junhua , Yang Chenghao , Liu Meilin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSolid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) have potential for efficient conversion of CO2 to valuable chemical fuels at low cost. However, the performance and commercial viability of the existing SOECs is still hindered by the poor durability and electro‐catalytic activity of the cathode for CO2 electrolysis. Here, the findings in preparation and characterization of a Ni‐free SOEC cathode materials composed of a Pr0.4Sr1.6(NiFe)1.5Mo0.5O6‐δ (PSNFM) double perovskite matrix decorated with exsolved core‐shell structured NiFe/FeOx (NFA@FeO) nanoparticles are reported. A single cell with the PSNFM‐NFA@FeO cathode demonstrates a high current density of 1.58 A cm−2 for CO2 electrolysis at a cell voltage of 1.4 V at 800 °C. The excellent electro‐catalytic activity of PSNFM‐NFA@FeO is attributed to the in situ exsolved NFA@FeO nanoparticles and the additional oxygen vacancies generated within the PSNFM substrate, creating plentiful NFA@FeO/PSNFM interfaces active for CO2 adsorption and electrolysis. Moreover, the FeO shell on the NFA also contains a lot of oxygen vacancies, which can effectively extend the active sites from the NFA@FeO/PSNFM interfaces to the entire surface of the NFA@FeO nanoparticles, greatly enhancing the kinetics of adsorption, dissociation, and reduction of CO2.
All‐Aqueous Freeform Fabrication of Perfusable Self‐Standing Soft Compartments
Authors: Gonçalves Raquel C. , Vilabril Sara , Neves Catarina M. S. S. , Freire Mara G. , Coutinho João A. P. , Oliveira Mariana B. , Mano João F. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCompartmentalized structures obtained in all‐aqueous settings have shown promising properties as cell encapsulation devices, as well as reactors for trans‐membrane chemical reactions. While most approaches focus on the preparation of spherical devices, advances on the production of complex architectures have been enabled by the interfacial stability conferred by emulsion systems, namely mild aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS), or non‐equilibrated analogues. However, the application of non‐spherical structures has mostly been reported while keeping the fabricated materials at a stable interface, limiting the free‐standing character, mobility and transposition of the obtained structures to different setups. Here, the fabrication of self‐standing, malleable and perfusable tubular systems through all‐aqueous interfacial assembly is shown, culminating in the preparation of independent objects with stability and homogeneity after disruption of the polymer‐based aqueous separating system. Those hollow structures can be fabricated with a variety of widths, and rapidly printed as long structures at flow rates of 15 mm s−1. The materials are used as compartments for cell culture, showcasing high cytocompatibility, and can be tailored to promote cell adhesion. Such structures may find application in fields that benefit from freeform tubular structures, including the biomedical field with, for example, cell encapsulation, and benchtop preparation of microfluidic devices.
Crystal Prediction and Design of Tunable Light Emission in BTB‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Rimsza Jessica M. , Henkelis Susan E. , Rohwer Lauren E. S. , Sava Gallis Dorina F. , Nenoff Tina M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently been shown to exhibit unique mechanisms of luminescence based on charge transfer between structural units in the framework. These MOFs have the potential to be structural tuned for targeted emission with little or no metal participation. A computationally led, material design and synthesis methodology is presented here that elucidates the mechanisms of light emission in interpenetrated structures comprised of metal centers (M = In, Ga, InGa, InEu) and BTB (1,3,5‐Tris(4‐carboxyphenyl)benzene) linkers, forming unique luminescent M‐BTB MOF frameworks. Gas phase and periodic electronic structure calculations indicate that the intensity of the emission and the wavelength are overwhelmingly controlled by a combination of the number of interacting stacked linkers and their interatomic spacings, respectively. In the MOF, the ionic radii of the metal centers primarily control the expansion or shrinkage of the linker stacking distances. Experimentally, multiple M‐BTB‐based MOFs are synthesized and their photoluminescence was tested. Experiments validated the modeling by confirming that shifts in the crystal structure result in variations in light emission. Through this material design method, the mechanisms of tuning luminescence properties in interpenetrated M‐BTB MOFs have been identified and applied to the design of MOFs with specific wavelength emission based on their structure.
High‐Performance Broadband Visible−Near Infrared Photodetector Enabled by Atomic Capping Layer
Authors: Huang Yixuan , Zhou Xiangyu , Luo Lingzhi , Zou Jihua , Liu Hezhuang , Li Xiao , Ren Aobo , Shen Kai , Wu Jiang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis study employs an effective oxygen (O2) plasma treatment to fabricate multilayer molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) photodetectors for visible and near‐infrared (NIR) detection. With the introduction of O2 plasma treatment, the atomic oxidized layer is generated to prevent direct interaction from O2 and water (H20) molecules in air, leading to an improved environmental stability. Meanwhile, bonded O atoms provide an electron‐rich atmosphere, which can effectively reduce the intrinsic Se vacancies and generate a strong built‐in electric field to suppress the recombination of photocarriers. As a result, the O2‐modified MoSe2 photodetector exhibits an excellent photoresponse, including a high responsivity of 889 mA W−1, a fast response time of 52 µs, and a high specific detectivity approaching 3.37 × 1014 Jones under 520 nm illumination with a light intensity of 2.02 mW cm−2 at 0.5 V. Moreover, the response spectra of MoSe2‐O2 photodetectors can be further extended to NIR region (λ = 980 nm), owing to perturbation of O atoms in the Se−Mo sublattice. Ultimately, a turbidity detection system based on the optimized photodetector is demonstrated, which illustrates an accurate turbidity measurement with the concentration ranging from 0 to 4000 NTU.
Fabrication of Microlens Arrays with High Quality and High Fill Factor by Inkjet Printing
Authors: Zhang Qiaoshuang , Schambach Maximilian , Schlisske Stefan , Jin Qihao , Mertens Adrian , Rainer Christian , Hernandez‐Sosa Gerardo , Heizmann Michael , Lemmer Uli 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMicrolens arrays (MLAs) have a variety of applications in, e.g., display systems, projection optics, and sensors. They can be manufactured by various fabrication methods. Among all, inkjet printing stands out because it offers a straightforward, versatile, and low‐cost fabrication route. However, extra manufacturing steps such as photolithography are so far involved to pre‐structure the substrate in order to improve the uniformity of the printed MLAs and achieve a high fill factor (FF). In this study, the fabrication of MLAs is reported on unstructured substrates by inkjet printing using an optimized UV‐curable ink on top of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs). The latter allows for tuning the surface free energy and thus the aspect ratio of the microlenses. The high uniformity of the printed MLAs is demonstrated by the automatic quantitative evaluations, where the standard deviations of the radii are below 2.5% and of the sag heights are less than 3.9%. An unprecedented FF of 88% amongst all inkjet‐printed MLAs on unstructured substrates is achieved. Digitally controlled large area fabrication is demonstrated, both, on rigid as well as on flexible substrates, opening a pathway for customized microoptics by additive manufacturing.
Dynamic Co(µ‐O)2Ru Moiety Endowed Efficiently Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Tung Ching‐Wei , Kuo Tsung‐Rong , Huang Yu‐Ping , Chu You‐Chiuan , Hou Cheng‐Hung , Li Yanan , Suen Nian‐Tzu , Han Jie , Chen Hao Ming 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA large number of highly active Ru‐based electrocatalysts have been reported for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The utilization of synergistic effects for promoting HER performance remains inadequate, especially for corresponding potential‐driven reactive sites at the atomic level. Herein, a Co‐substituted RuRu2P structure is employed as a model system to reveal the synergistic effect on Ru‐based electrocatalysts and to realize the potential‐driven reactive sites during the HER. Optimized RuRu2P @ Co0.6 exhibits a superior catalytic performance in alkaline electrolytes, achieving a low overpotential of 9 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm–2. To precisely describe the geometrical nature of surface moiety of Co(µ‐O)2Ru, an indicator (β) is established to quantify the strain of Co(µ‐O)2Ru moieties through calculating the LCoL (L = P or O) angles through employing in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Both bond strain and corresponding metal‐metal distance of CoRu in Co(µ‐O)2Ru moiety can significantly affect the structural tolerance and facilitate the coupling of adsorbed hydrogen atoms during HER. It is believed that the perspective raised in the present work will provide a new avenue to the design of highly active HER catalysts at the atomic scale.
Decoupling the Dynamics of Zinc Hydroxide Sulfate Precipitation/Dissolution in Aqueous Zn–MnO2 Batteries by Operando Optical Microscopy: A Missing Piece of the Mechanistic Puzzle
Authors: Godeffroy Louis , Aguilar Ivette , Médard Jérôme , Larcher Dominique , Tarascon Jean‐Marie , Kanoufi Frédéric 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEnergy storage provides flexibility to an energy system and is therefore key for the incorporation of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar into the grid. Aqueous Zn–MnO2 batteries are promising candidates for grid‐scale applications due to their high theoretical capacity (616 mAh g–1) and the abundance of their components in the Earth's crust. However, they suffer from low cyclability, which is probably linked to the dramatic pH variations induced by the electrochemical conversion of MnO2. These pH variations are known to trigger the precipitation/dissolution of zinc hydroxide sulfate (Zn4(OH)6SO4 . xH2O, (ZHS)), which might have an influence on the conversion of MnO2. Herein, optical reflectometry is used to image and quantitatively monitor the MnO2 electrode's charge and discharge in situ and under operation. It emphasizes how solid‐phase ZHS rules the dynamics of both charge and discharge, providing a comprehensive picture of the mechanism at play in aqueous Zn–MnO2 batteries. If the precipitation of ZHS might impede the MnO2 electrode's discharge, it is a crucial pH buffer delaying the occurrence of the competing oxidation of water on charge.
Human leukocyte antigen‐haploidentical transplantation for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: Better leukemia‐free survival with bone marrow than with peripheral blood stem cells in patients ≥55 years of age
Authors: Baron Frédéric , Labopin Myriam , Tischer Johanna , Ciceri Fabio , Raiola Anna Maria , Blaise Didier , Sica Simona , Vydra Jan , Fanin Renato , Stölzel Friedrich , Busca Alessandro , Diez‐Martin Jose Luis , Koc Yener , Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe best stem cell source for T‐cell replete human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐haploidentical transplantation with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) remains to be determined. In this European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation retrospective study, we analyzed the impact of stem cell source on leukemia‐free survival (LFS) in adult patients with primary refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) given grafts from HLA‐haploidentical donors with PTCy as graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. A total of 668 patients (249 bone marrow [BM] and 419 peripheral blood stem cells [PBSC] recipients) met the inclusion criteria. The use of PBSC was associated with a higher incidence of grade II–IV (HR = 1.59, p = .029) and grade III–IV (HR = 2.08, p = .013) acute GVHD. There was a statistical interaction between patient age and the impact of stem cell source for LFS (p < .01). In multivariate Cox models, among patients <55 years, the use of PBSC versus BM resulted in comparable LFS (HR = 0.82, p = .2). In contrast, in patients ≥55 years of age, the use of PBSC versus BM was associated with higher non‐relapse mortality (NRM) (HR = 1.7, p = .01), lower LFS (HR = 1.37, p = .026) and lower overall survival (HR = 1.33, p = .044). In conclusions, our data suggest that in patients ≥55 years of age with active AML at HLA‐haploidentical transplantation, the use of BM instead of PBSC as stem cell source results in lower NRM and better LFS. In contrast among younger patients, the use of PBSC results in at least a comparable LFS.
Efficient Protein–Protein Couplings Mediated by Small Molecules under Mild Conditions
Authors: Su Xun‐Cheng , Zhang Ling‐Yang , Zhao Li‐Na , Pan Bin‐Bin , Chen Ben‐Guang , Chen Jia‐Liang , Zhai Cheng‐Liang , Li Bin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractProtein–protein coupling reactions under physiological conditions that do not impact the three‐dimensional structures of the proteins are in high demand. Owing to the combination of phenylsulfonyl and aldehyde groups in 5‐fluoro‐4‐(phenylsulfonyl)picolinaldehyde (FPPA), the fluorine substituent shows high reactivity toward free thiols. In FPPA, the fluorine is more reactive than phenylsulfonyl for free thiols. Thus the first quantitative nucleophilic substitution can be followed by selective substitution of phenylsulfonyl by an additional thiol or cyclization of aldehyde with a 1,2‐aminothiol molecule. The FPPA mediated protein–protein coupling proceeds efficiently under mild conditions, resulting in stable protein conjugates. This coupling method has negligible 3D structural perturbations on the target proteins, and it produces overall intact, nearly traceless, and native structural folds of proteins. It is highly suitable for reconstruction of proteins that are difficult to make and segmental isotopic labeling of multidomain proteins.
Cloning and expression analysis of HY5 transcription factor gene of safflower in response to light signal
Authors: Xian Bin , Chen Chao , Wang Jie , Chen Jiang , Wu Qinghua , Ren Chaoxiang , Pei Jin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe flower of the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a traditional Chinese medicine that can improve cerebral blood flow due to its enrichment in flavonoids. Light is one of the main environmental factors that affects safflower growth and flavonoid synthesis. Elongated hypocotyl 5 (HY5) plays an important role in plants’ light signal transduction. However, no study of HY5 in safflower has been conducted. In this study, a 462‐bp sequence of CtHY5 was successfully cloned. The expression pattern of CtHY5 in different safflower tissues and the expression patterns of CtHY5 and CtCHS1 in full‐blooming flowers that were treated under different light intensities were studied. The subcellular localization and the overexpression of CtHY5 were carried out as well. CtHY5 has a DNA‐binding region belonging to the basic leucine zipper transcription factor family. CtHY5 was specifically expressed in flowers. The expression level of CtHY5 first increased and then decreased with increasing light intensity, which was similar to the expression pattern of CtCHS1. The subcellular localization study was implemented in safflower protoplasts and the YFP fluorescence was observed in nucleus. The overexpression analysis initially verified the promotion effect of CtHY5 to the expression of CtCHS1 and the content of flavonoids.