bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Versatile Sensing Toolkit for Highly Sensitive Detection through the Electrical Conductivity of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Jing , Su Shixuan , Yu Ting , Xianyu Yunlei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDeveloping a versatile sensing toolkit with high sensitivity may revolutionize current techniques for analytical applications. This work reports a sensing strategy through the electrical conductivity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). By modulating the concentration, aggregation, and surface ligand of AuNPs, a versatile analytical platform for highly sensitive detection based on the electrical conductivity is outlined. The difference in concentration, aggregation, and surface ligand enables a response in the conductivity of AuNPs, offering a great platform for developing AuNPs‐implemented assays using the conductivity as the signal readout. Compared with the plasmonic signal readout of AuNPs, this conductivity‐based sensing method has advantages in high sensitivity, low cost, and simple operation, showing great potential as a powerful technique for versatile applications.
High‐Resolution Multicolor Patterning of Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystal Thin Films through Rapid‐Evaporation‐Assisted Strategy
Authors: Ahn Junhyuk , Lee Yong Min , Jeon Joongoo , Bang Junsung , Jeon Sanghyun , Woo Ho Kun , Lee Sang Yeop , Bae Jung Ho , Kim Woosik , Choi Young Kyun , Kim Sung Joong , Oh Soong Ju 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMaterial integrations with the desired shape, size, and dimension allow for the fabrication of high resolution and high performance devices. However, the patterning of all‐inorganic halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), promising building blocks for optics and optoelectronics, has been a fundamental challenge owing to their unstable and reactive structures and properties. Here, a rapid‐evaporation‐assisted patterning strategy is reported that simultaneously pattern CsPbBr3 NC thin films and tune the color by selectively printing the anion‐exchange ink of micro‐sized droplets. The rapid evaporation time is investigated according to the droplet size, falling into a range that is faster than the structural degradation time but slower than the chemical reaction time of anion exchange. Structural, chemical, optical analyses, and analytical estimation of droplet evaporation are conducted. As a result, high‐resolution multicolor patterns with minimum feature size down to 5 µm and a pitch of <2 µm, covering the entire visible emission range, are achieved. It is believed that the multicolor patterning technique of PeNCs will significantly contribute to the development of next‐generation devices, such as image sensors, displays, and other fields.
Flytrap Inspired pH‐Driven 3D Hydrogel Actuator by Femtosecond Laser Microfabrication
Authors: Wang Jian‐Yu , Jin Feng , Dong Xian‐Zi , Liu Jie , Zheng Mei‐Ling 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith the development of bionics and nanophotonics, hydrogel microactuators capable of responding to external stimuli to produce controllable deformations have attracted a great deal of interest. These microactuators hold significant promise in areas such as bionic devices, soft robotics, and precision sensors. It is not a trivial task to make such small devices as well as to make them work in a controlled manner. Here, inspired by the intelligent response of flytrap, a smart hydrogel microactuator based on a bionic asymmetric structure is demonstrated. The designed asymmetric microstructure is fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing with deformation time of 1.2 s and recovery time of 0.3 s. The grasping and releasing behavior of the microactuator for micro‐objects can be realized and tuned by using pH‐triggered shape changes, demonstrating its potential for applications, such as flexible robotics, smart sensors, and microscopic manipulation.
Robust Encapsulation of Biocompatible Gold Nanosphere Assemblies for Bioimaging via Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Schumacher Marius , Jimenez de Aberasturi Dorleta , Merkl Jan‐Philip , Scarabelli Leonardo , Lenzi Elisa , Henriksen‐Lacey Malou , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , Weller Horst 
Published: April 2022

AbstractControlled assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into clusters is a promising avenue for the development of sensitive bioimaging and diagnostic tools based on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). However, several challenges, such as biocompatibility or colloidal and structural stability in biological environments, remain before AuNPs can be used as a tool for in vivo bioimaging. A versatile strategy for the preparation of colloidally stable and biocompatible AuNP clusters (AuNPCs) is introduced with high SERS signals, which are used as SERS contrast bioimaging agents (SERS tags). By tuning the ligand ratio of Raman reporter molecules to stabilizing polymer on the surface of each AuNP, aggregation can be carefully controlled. The resulting AuNPCs exhibit redshifted surface plasmon resonances in the near‐infrared (NIR) region, as well as distinct electromagnetic hotspots that give rise to SERS analytical enhancement factors above 104, compared to non‐clustered spherical AuNPs. Thanks to the protective polymer shell, high levels of cellular uptake with low cytotoxicity are observed, allowing 3D SERS mapping of cells with sufficiently high spatial resolution to detect AuNPCs within intracellular organelles.
Tissue Engineering for the Diaphragm and its Various Therapeutic Possibilities – A Systematic Review
Authors: Boehm Agnes K. , Hillebrandt Karl H. , Dziodzio Tomasz , Krenzien Felix , Neudecker Jens , Spuler Simone , Pratschke Johann , Sauer Igor M. , Andreas Marco N. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDiaphragmatic impairments exhibit high morbidity as well as mortality while current treatment options remain unsatisfactory. Tissue engineering (TE) approaches have explored the generation of an optimal biocompatible scaffold for diaphragmatic repair through tissue decellularization or de novo construction, with or without the addition of cells. The authors conducted a systematic review on the current state of the art in diaphragmatic tissue engineering (DTE) and found 24 articles eligible for final synthesis. The included approaches studied decellularization‐based graft generation (9) and de novo bioscaffold construction (9). Three studies focused on in vitro host‐scaffold interaction with synthesized, recellularized grafts (2) and decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds (1). Another three studies investigated evaluation tools for decellularization efficacy. Among all studies, recellularization is performed in both decellularization‐based (4) and de novo generated scaffolds (4). De novo constructed biocomposites as well as decellularized and recellularized scaffolds induced pro‐regenerative remodeling and recovery of diaphragmatic function in all examined animal models. Potential therapeutic applications comprise substance defects requiring patch repair, such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and functional diseases demanding an entire organ transplant, like muscular dystrophies or dysfunction after prolonged artificial respiration.
Localized Drug Delivery Systems in High‐Grade Glioma Therapy—From Construction to Application
Authors: Hauck Margarethe , Hellmold Dana , Kubelt Carolin , Synowitz Michael , Adelung Rainer , Schütt Fabian , Held‐Feindt Janka 
Published: April 2022

AbstractHigh‐grade gliomas are the most common and most malign primary brain tumors. Current therapy approaches only reach unsatisfactory results, still not providing a long‐lasting time to relapse or a curative treatment. A novel approach to overcome the present challenges of medical attendance, as drug resistance, systemic side effects, and limited drug availability due to the blood‐brain barrier, are localized drug delivery systems (DDSs), which are already used in clinical trials. Further development of this therapy regime may clearly improve patient's outcomes. In order to design compact, biocompatible, robust, and highly flexible systems which permit a prolonged drug release, a broad knowledge of the technical and medical field is required. Thus, this interdisciplinary article reviews different designs, testing, and validation models, and finally, clinical applications of localized DDSs, to utilize this available experience as a basis for the desperately needed reform of glioma treatment.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Activatable Bismuth‐Based Nanomaterials for Antibacterial and Antitumor Treatment
Authors: Li Wei , Fan Youzhun , Lin Jian , Yu Peng , Wang Zhengao , Ning Chengyun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe treatment of diseases through precision phototherapy has attracted growing interest during the last decade. Remarkably, biocompatible bismuth‐based nanomaterials can be effectively activated by near‐infrared (NIR) light to fight bacterial infections and tumors. In addition, bismuth‐containing nanostructures are easy to be synthesized and exhibit excellent NIR absorption, ideal photothermal conversion, and X‐ray sensitivity for diagnosis and treatment. This review outlined the recent development of bismuth‐based nanomaterials in NIR phototherapy. The three most commonly used NIR‐responsive bismuth‐based nanomaterials including pristine bismuth nanomaterials, bismuth‐based compound nanomaterials, and bismuth‐based composite nanomaterials are exemplified. Furthermore, their photothermal and photodynamic therapy mechanisms, antibacterial, and antitumor applications are summarized. In addition, their NIR phototherapy enhancement strategies are also highlighted. Finally, the key issues and future directions of bismuth‐based nanomaterial phototherapy systems are discussed in detail. It is believed that the emerging NIR light‐activatable bismuth‐based nanomaterials can realize the actual antibacterial and antitumor via unremitting efforts of scientific researchers in the near future.
Osteogenesis‐Inducing Chemical Cues Enhance the Mechanosensitivity of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteogenic Differentiation on a Microtopographically Patterned Surface
Authors: He Jianxiang , You Dongqi , Li Qi , Wang Jiabao , Ding Sijia , He Xiaotong , Zheng Haiyan , Ji Zhenkai , Wang Xia , Ye Xin , Liu Chao , Kang Hanyue , Xu Xiuzhen , Xu Xiaobin , Wang Huiming , Yu Mengfei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMechanical cues are widely used for regulating cell behavior because of their overarching, extensive, and non‐invasive advantages. However, unlike chemical cues, mechanical cues are not efficient enough to determine cell fate independently and improving the mechanosensitivity of cells is rather challenging. In this study, the combined effect of chemical and mechanical cues on the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells is examined. These results show that chemical cues such as the presence of an osteogenic medium, induce cells to secrete more collagen, and induce integrin for recruiting focal adhesion proteins that mature and cascade a series of events with the help of the mechanical force of the scaffold material. High‐resolution, highly ordered hollow‐micro‐frustum‐arrays using double‐layer lithography, combined with modified methacrylate gelatin loaded with pre‐defined soluble chemicals to provide both chemical and mechanical cues to cells. This approach ultimately facilitates the achievement of cellular osteodifferentiation and enhances bone repair efficiency in a model of femoral fracture in vivo in mice. Moreover, the results also reveal these pivotal roles of Integrin α2/Focal adhesion kinase/Ras homolog gene family member A/Large Tumor Suppressor 1/Yes‐associated protein in human mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these results show that chemical cues enhance the microtopographical sensitivity of cells.
Brown Seaweed‐Derived Alginic Acid: An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Pictet‐Spengler Reaction to Access Tetrahydro‐β‐Carboline and Tetrahydroisoquinoline Frameworks
Authors: Prakash Soni Jay , Sathish Manda , Nachtigall Fabiane M. , Santos Leonardo S. , Shankaraiah Nagula 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPictet‐Spengler reaction (PSR) is an efficient and reliable synthetic tool for the construction of tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines (THBCs) and tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) moieties. Herein, we reported a brown seaweed‐derived biocompatible alginic acid as an alternative and effective reusable catalyst for PSR. This protocol was found suitable for various aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes with electron‐donating and withdrawing groups resulting in good to excellent yields. The utility of this sustainable protocol highlighted by synthesizing different THBCs and THIQs including a natural spirooxindole (±)‐coerulescine (9a) and its derivative 9b. The reusability of catalyst was also examined, and no significant deterioration in the reaction yields was observed till the 6th cycle.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Coupling of (Hetero)aryl Halides with 2‐Chloro‐1,1‐difluoroethane: Facile Access to 2,2‐Difluoroethylated Aromatics
Authors: Diao Zhengzhen , Feng Yu , Zhang Jida , Wang Xin , Li Hansheng , Ding Chen , Zhou Zhen , Li Xinjin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA mild and efficient nickel‐catalyzed 2,2‐difluoroethylation of (hetero)aryl halides with readily available 2‐chloro‐1,1‐difluoroethane has been developed. The reductive cross‐coupling reaction is synthetically simple and exhibits good functional group tolerance. This approach provides a facile access to synthesize 2,2‐difluoroethylated molecules for drug discovery.
Optically Tunable Terahertz Metasurface Absorber
Authors: Zheng Chenglong , Li Jie , Liu Longhai , Li Jitao , Yue Zhen , Hao Xuanruo , Zhang Yating , Zang Huaping , Yao Jianquan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTunable absorbers are promising for reconfigurable metasurface applications. Here a tunable terahertz (THz) perfect absorber is proposed which consists of high resistance silicon (undoped silicon) and can realize the switch between perfect reflection and perfect absorption (optical pumping, 1064 nm continuous wave). The proposed THz absorber exhibits perfect absorption around 0.74 THz and a 90% absorption bandwidth of 0.5 THz. Additionally, the working frequency range of the device can be easily designed by adjusting the side length and height of the square silicon pillars. Effective medium theory, mode analysis, and impedance matching theory are used to design and explain the proposed THz absorber. The experimental results agree well with the simulations. The proposed scheme allows for more flexible design of THz absorbers, and the device is easier to be fabricated. The proposed tunable THz absorber can find applications in THz sensing, modulator, and optic‐electro switches.
Persistent Ambipolar Heptacenes and Their Redox Species
Authors: Zeitter Nico , Hippchen Nikolai , Maier Steffen , Rominger Frank , Dreuw Andreas , Freudenberg Jan , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSixfold TIPS‐ethynylation combined with fourfold bromination of the armchair edges furnishes a long‐lived, soluble heptacene; π‐extension via Stille coupling accesses a persistent tetrabenzononacene. Both types of acenes were stabilized best by double TIPS‐ethynylation on every other benzene ring. Tetrabromoheptacene is an ambipolar transistor material (up to 0.036 cm2 V−1 s−1 n‐channel), which was corroborated by generation of its monoanion and monocation.
Selective Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydrodeacetoxylation of Aryl Acetates
Authors: De Smet Gilles , Bai Xingfeng , Mensch Carl , Sergeyev Sergey , Evano Gwilherm , Maes Bert U. W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAcetate serves as a renewable and easily installed leaving group for selective deoxygenation of phenolics (ArOH). Ni‐catalyzed hydrodeacetoxylation of aryl acetates (Ar−OAc) with HBpin in a green carbonate solvent selectively delivers the corresponding deoxygenated arenes (ArH). The method is also applicable to highly challenging guaiacyl and syringyl acetates, leaving −OMe groups intact without arene reduction. Renewable 4‐propylguaiacol obtained from pine can also be transformed without significant loss in yield versus oil derived feedstock. The observed chemoselectivity for Ar−OAc versus ArO−Ac bond cleavage was rationalized based on mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations. ArOH side‐product formation is attributed to direct competitive Ni‐catalyzed reduction of the C=O bond. Hydrodeacyloxylation of a set of aryl alkanoates featured interesting chemoselectivity with a dramatic influence of the length and structure of the alkyl chain on catalysis.
Highly stable supercapacitive performance of a (3, 4, 6‐c)‐connected 2D Co‐MOF
Authors: Feng Chao , Hua Feng‐Zhen , Lv Chang‐Peng , Zhang Ling‐Mei , Guo Jing‐Jing , Zhao Hong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) used directly in supercapacitors have been a worldwide research interest for their potential high performance. Herein, one new 2D Co‐based MOF, [CoCo0.5Co0.5(μ–ppa)2(H2O)3]n, namely, (BBU‐1), has been synthesized through solvothermal method with the ligand H2ppa (H2ppa = 3‐(pyrazin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐5‐carboxylic acid). Single X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that the BBU‐1 exhibits a (3, 4, 6‐c)‐connected 2D structure bridged through the carboxylic group, with the topological point symbol of {3·4·5}2{32·42·52·62·74·82·9}{32·62·72}. PXRD Rietveld refinement also has been employed to confirm the structure. The Co‐MOF electrode showed a high specific capacitance and a good cycling stability. Its maximum specific capacitance was 134.5 F g−1 at 3 mV s−1, and the specific capacitance retention is about 91.3% after 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g−1 in the 2‐M KOH solution. These results show that the pristine 2D Co‐MOF is an excellent candidate of electrode active material for electrochemical energy storage.
Robust environmental DNA assay development and validation: A case study with two vulnerable Australian fish
Authors: Wilkes Walburn Jackson , Rourke Meaghan L. , Furlan Elise , DiBattista Joseph D. , Broadhurst Matt K. , Fowler Ashley M. , Hughes Julian M. , Fielder Stewart 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Analysis of environmental (e)DNA can facilitate an understanding of the presence and distribution of aquatic species. However, eDNA detection using quantitative PCR requires validated and standardized species‐specific assay designs.
This study presents two eDNA assays to detect Murray cod, Maccullochella peelii, and mulloway, Argyrosomus japonicus (two ecologically vulnerable Australian species), based on small fragments of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene. A comprehensive description of species‐specific assay development, from assay design to testing in silico, in vitro and in situ, has been included to guide effective assay design and validation in future studies.
The results indicate that the assay was species specific for M. peelii within its natural distribution. However, the assay also amplified genomic DNA from two allopatric and endangered congeners (Maccullochella ikei and Maccullochella mariensis), thus potentially facilitating their eDNA detection elsewhere. In contrast, the A. japonicus assay was highly species specific with no amplification among close relatives. Both target‐species assays are highly sensitive to as few as four and 10 copies per PCR reaction, respectively.
This study has demonstrated that the assays assessed are effective tools for detecting the targeted species in situ from environmental DNA samples, which will assist efforts to conserve and manage their stocks.
Penicillium fungi mediate behavioral responses of the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) to apple fruits via altering the emissions of host plant VOCs
Authors: Guo Hong‐Gang , Han Chun‐Yu , Zhang Ai‐Huan , Yang Ai‐Zhen , Qin Xiao‐Chun , Zhang Min‐Zhao , Du Yan‐Li 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPlant‐associated microbes have been reported as important but overlooked drivers of plant–herbivorous insect interactions. Influence of plant‐associated microbes on plant–insect interactions is diverse, including beneficial, detrimental, and neutral. Here, we determined the effects of three Penicillium fungi, including Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium sumatrense, and Penicillium digitatum, on the oviposition selection and behavior of the yellow peach moth (YPM), Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée). Compared with fungi noninfected apples (NIA), mechanically damaged apples (MDA), and P. citrinum in potato dextrose agar medium (PC), the oviposition selection and four‐arm olfactometer experiments both showed that mated YPM females preferred to P. citrinum‐infected apples (PCA). For P. sumatrense or P. digitatum, we also found that mated YPM females preferred to P. sumatrense‐infected apples (PSA) or P. digitatum‐infected apples (PDA), respectively. Among three Penicillium fungi‐infected apples, the selection rates including oviposition and olfactometer behavior of mated YPM females on PDA were both higher than those on PSA and PCA. Further analyses of host plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by GC‐MS showed that the absolute contents of ethyl hexanoate and (Z, E)‐α‐farnesene in PCA, PSA, and PDA were all higher than those in NIA, and a total of 16 novel VOCs were detected in fungi‐infected apples (PCA, PSA, and PDA), indicating that fungi infection changed the components and proportions of apple VOCs. Taken together, three Penicillium fungi play significant roles in mediating the host selection of YPMs via altering the emissions of VOCs. These findings will be beneficial for developing formulations for field trapping of YPMs in the future.
A comparative evaluation of layer‐by‐layer assembly techniques for surface modification of microcarriers used in human mesenchymal stromal cell manufacturing
Authors: Timsina Hemanta , McTyer Jasmine , Rao Raj R. , Almodovar Jorge 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe demand for large quantities of highly potent human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) is growing given their therapeutic potential. To meet high production needs, suspension‐based cell cultures using microcarriers are commonly used. Microcarriers are commonly made of or coated with extracellular matrix proteins or charged compounds to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. In this work, a simple method (draining filter) to perform layer by layer (LbL) assembly on microcarriers to create multilayers of heparin and collagen and further demonstrate that these multilayers have a positive effect on hMSC viability after 48 h of culture was demonstrated. The draining filter method is evaluated against two other methods found in literature—centrifugation and fluidized bed, showing that the draining filter method can perform the surface modification with greater efficiency and with less materials and steps needed in the coating process.