bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy to investigate hidden kinetics at hybrid perovskite–electrolyte interface
Authors: Srivastava Priya , Kumar Ramesh , Ronchiya Hemant , Bag Monojit 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe numerous assorted accounts of the fundamental questions of ion migration in hybrid perovskites are making the picture further intricate. The review of photo-induced ion migration using small perturbation frequency domain techniques other than impedance spectroscopy is more crucial now. Herein, we probe into this by investigating perovskite–electrolyte (Pe–E) and polymer-aqueous electrolyte (Po–aqE) interface using intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) in addition to photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS). We reported that the electronic-ionic interaction in hybrid perovskites including the low-frequency ion/charge transfer and recombination kinetics at the interface leads to the spiral feature in IMPS Nyquist plot of perovskite-based devices. This spiral trajectory for the perovskite-electrolyte interface depicts three distinct ion kinetics going on at the different time scales which can be more easily unveiled by IMPS rather than PEIS. Hence, IMPS is a promising alternative to PEIS. We used Peter’s method of interpretation of IMPS plot in photoelectrochemistry to estimate charge transfer efficiency$$({Q}_{ste})$$(Qste)from the Rate Constant Model. The$${Q}_{ste}$$Qsteat low-frequency for Pe–E interface exceeds unity due to ion migration induced modified potential across the perovskite active layer. Hence, ion migration and mixed electronic-ionic conductivity of hybrid perovskites are responsible for the extraordinary properties of this material.
Tris(methylthio)methane produced by Mortierella hyalina affects sulfur homeostasis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tseng Y.-H. , Bartram S. , Reichelt M. , Scholz S. S. , Meents A. K. , Ludwig A. , Mithöfer A. , Oelmüller R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMicrobial volatiles are important factors in symbiotic interactions with plants. Mortierella hyalina is a beneficial root-colonizing fungus with a garlic-like smell, and promotes growth of Arabidopsis seedlings. GC–MS analysis of the M. hyalina headspace and NMR analysis of the extracted essential oil identified the sulfur-containing volatile tris(methylthio)methane (TMTM) as the major compound. Incorporation of the sulfur from the fungal volatile into plant metabolism was shown by 34S labeling experiments. Under sulfur deficiency, TMTM down-regulated sulfur deficiency-responsive genes, prevented glucosinolate (GSL) and glutathione (GSH) diminishment, and sustained plant growth. However, excess TMTM led to accumulation of GSH and GSL and reduced plant growth. Since TMTM is not directly incorporated into cysteine, we propose that the volatile from M. hyalina influences the plant sulfur metabolism by interfering with the GSH metabolism, and alleviates sulfur imbalances under sulfur stress.
Quantitative action spectroscopy reveals ARPE19 sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation at 350 nm and 380 nm
Authors: Anderson Graham , McLeod Andrew , Bagnaninchi Pierre , Dhillon Baljean 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe role of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure in the aetiology of retinal degeneration has been debated for decades with epidemiological evidence failing to find a clear consensus for or against it playing a role. A key reason for this is a lack of foundational research into the response of living retinal tissue to UVR in regard to modern ageing-specific parameters of tissue function. We therefore explored the response of cultured retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), the loss of which heralds advanced visual decline, to specific wavelengths of UVR across the UV-B and UV-A bands found in natural sunlight. Using a bespoke in vitro UVR exposure apparatus coupled with bandpass filters we exposed the immortalised RPE cell line, ARPE-19, to 10 nm bands of UVR between 290 and 405 nm. Physical cell dynamics were assessed during exposure in cells cultured upon specialist electrode culture plates which allow for continuous, non-invasive electrostatic interrogation of key cell parameters during exposure such as monolayer coverage and tight-junction integrity. UVR exposures were also utilised to quantify wavelength-specific effects using a rapid cell viability assay and a phenotypic profiling assay which was leveraged to simultaneously quantify intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear morphology, mitochondrial stress, epithelial integrity and cell viability as part of a phenotypic profiling approach to quantifying the effects of UVR. Electrical impedance assessment revealed unforeseen detrimental effects of UV-A, beginning at 350 nm, alongside previously demonstrated UV-B impacts. Cell viability analysis also highlighted increased effects at 350 nm as well as 380 nm. Effects at 350 nm were further substantiated by high content image analysis which highlighted increased mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. We conclude that ARPE-19 cells exhibit a previously uncharacterised sensitivity to UV-A radiation, specifically at 350 nm and somewhat less at 380 nm. If upheld in vivo, such sensitivity will have impacts upon geoepidemiological risk scoring of macular sensitivity.
Janus-Nanojet as an efficient asymmetric photothermal source
Authors: González-Colsa Javier , Franco Alfredo , Bresme Fernando , Moreno Fernando , Albella Pablo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe combination of materials with radically different physical properties in the same nanostructure gives rise to the so-called Janus effects, allowing phenomena of a contrasting nature to occur in the same architecture. Interesting advantages can be taken from a thermal Janus effect for photoinduced hyperthermia cancer therapies. Such therapies have limitations associated to the heating control in terms of temperature stability and energy management. Single-material plasmonic nanoheaters have been widely used for cancer therapies, however, they are highly homogeneous sources that heat the surrounding biological medium isotropically, thus equally affecting cancerous and healthy cells. Here, we propose a prototype of a Janus-Nanojet heating unit based on toroidal shaped plasmonic nanoparticles able to efficiently generate and release local heat directionally under typical unpolarized illumination. Based on thermoplasmonic numerical calculations, we demonstrate that these Janus-based nanoheaters possess superior photothermal conversion features (up to $$\Delta T\approx 35$$

Δ
T
≈
35

K) and unique directional heating capacity, being able to channel up over 90% of the total thermal energy onto a target. We discuss the relevance of these innovative nanoheaters in thermoplasmonics, and hyperthermia cancer therapies, which motivate the development of fabrication techniques for nanomaterials.
Long term effects of crop rotation and fertilization on crop yield stability in southeast China
Authors: Zhang Licheng , Yuan Jie , Zhang Mingqing , Zhang Yongchun , Wang Limin , Li Juan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of different fertilizer treatments and crop rotations on crop yield stability. A 9 years field experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2021 to evaluate the effects of combinations of two annual crop rotations and two methods of applying fertilizer on crop yield stability. Crop rotations were kidney bean–mustard–rice (P–B–O) and kidney bean–mustard–cowpea (P–B–V) each year. Fertilization methods were recommended fertilization (RF) and conventional fertilization (CF). The indexes Wi2 (Wricke’s ecovalance), coefficient of variation (CV), and sustainable yield index (SYI) were used to quantify the long term effects of crop rotation and fertilization on crop yield stability, and a yield change trend model was used to predict future production. For fertilization program RF, average kidney bean and mustard yields in rotation P–B–O increased respectively by 7.47% and 19.37% over P–B–V in the 9 years of the project. For CF, average kidney bean and mustard yields for P–B–O increased respectively by 14.99% and 18.33% over P–B–V. Wi2 indexes of kidney bean and mustard for P–B–O (respectively 116 and 956) were significantly less than for P–B–V (respectively 147.87 and 1259.67). SYI for kidney beans and mustard in P–B–O (respectively 0.63 and 0.57) were significantly greater than for P–B–V (respectively 0.50 and 0.42). The trends of crop average yields for RF and CF show that the average yield trends of kidney bean in P–B–O (respectively 32.41 and 32.34) were greater than in P–B–V (respectively 29.56 and 27.45). The trends of average yields of mustard for RF and CF in P–B–O (respectively 64.18 and 60.87) were greater than in P–B–V (respectively 51.74 and 51.87). The preceding results led to the conclusion that long term annual P–B–O rotation combined with RF considerably increased yield and maintained yield stability, thus establishing the sustainability of this cropping system.
Relationship between nomophobia and impulsivity among deaf and hard-of-hearing youth
Authors: Awed Huda Shaaban , Hammad Mohammad Ahmed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExcessive use of smartphones is known to be associated with negative social, physical, and psychological outcomes across age groups. A related problem is called “no-mobile-phone phobia” or “nomophobia,” which is an extreme anxiety caused by not having access to a mobile phone. Despite their detrimental effects, smartphone use is highly prevalent among deaf/hard-of-hearing (DHH) individuals owing to their accessibility features. Therefore, it was deemed important to identify the prevalence of nomophobia in DHH youth and to examine the association between impulsivity and nomophobia. Gender-based differences in nomophobia and impulsivity were also examined. Data were collected from 187 DHH youth in Saudi Arabia using the Nomophobia Questionnaire and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (short form). Findings revealed that 71.65% of the participants experienced severe nomophobia. While, nomophobia was more prevalent among female DHH youth than males, this difference was not observed for impulsivity. A linear regression analysis indicated that higher impulsivity was significantly associated with higher nomophobia in this sample. These findings suggest the importance of helping youth understand the disadvantages of smartphone use, and the consequences of their abuse or addiction to smartphones by incorporating this information into school curricula. Additionally, educating parents may help them monitor their children’s smartphone use more closely.
Phylogenetic analysis based on single-copy orthologous proteins in highly variable chloroplast genomes of Corydalis
Authors: Yin Xianmei , Huang Feng , Liu Xiaofen , Guo Jiachen , Cui Ning , Liang Conglian , Lian Yan , Deng Jingjing , Wu Hao , Yin Hongxiang , Jiang Guihua 
Published: August 2022

AbstractCorydalis is one of the few lineages that have been reported to have extensive large-scale chloroplast genome (cp-genome) rearrangements. In this study, novel cp-genome rearrangements of Corydalis pinnata, C. mucronate, and C. sheareri are described. C. pinnata is a narrow endemic species only distributed at Qingcheng Mountain in southwest China. Two independent relocations of the same four genes (trnM-CAU-rbcL) were found relocated from the typically posterior part of the large single-copy region to the front of it. A uniform inversion of an 11–14-kb segment (ndhB-trnR-ACG) was found in the inverted repeat region; and extensive losses of accD, clpP, and trnV-UAC genes were detected in all cp-genomes of all three species of Corydalis. In addition, a phylogenetic tree was reconstructed based on 31 single-copy orthologous proteins in 27 cp-genomes. This study provides insights into the evolution of cp-genomes throughout the genus Corydalis and also provides a reference for further studies on the taxonomy, identification, phylogeny, and genetic transformation of other lineages with extensive rearrangements in cp-genomes.
Structure and selected properties of Al–Cr–Fe alloys with the presence of structurally complex alloy phases
Authors: Młynarek-Żak K. , Pakieła W. , Łukowiec D. , Bajorek A. , Gębara P. , Szakál A. , Dhiman I. , Babilas R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe aim of the study was to supplement the data on the Al65Cr20Fe15 alloy with binary phase structure and the Al71Cr24Fe5 alloy with multiphase structure prepared with two different cooling rates from the liquid state. The presence of the structurally complex Al65Cr27Fe8 phase was confirmed by neutron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with the analysis of chemical composition and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, the Al8Cr5 phase with γ-brass structure was identified for Al71Cr24Fe5 alloy in both cooling rates from the liquid state. Due to the interesting features of structurally complex alloys, the wear resistance, magnetic properties, and corrosion products after performing electrochemical tests were examined. Based on pin-on-disc measurements, a lower friction coefficient was observed for the Al65Cr20Fe15 alloy (µ ≈ 0.55) compared to the Al71Cr24Fe5 multiphase alloy (µ ≈ 0.6). The average hardness of the binary phase Al65Cr20Fe5 alloy (HV0.1 = 917 ± 30) was higher compared to the multiphase Al71Cr24Fe5 alloy (HV0.1 = 728 ± 34) and the single phase Al–Cr–Fe alloys described in the literature. Moreover, the beneficial effect of rapid solidification on hardness was demonstrated. The alloys Al65Cr20Fe15 and Al71Cr24Fe5 showed paramagnetic behavior, however rapidly solidified Al71Cr24Fe5 alloy indicated an increase of magnetic properties. The studied alloys were characterized by the presence of passive layers after electrochemical tests. A higher amount of oxides on the surface of the Al71Cr24Fe5 alloy was recorded due to the positive effect of chromium on the stabilization of the passive layer.
Pulmonate slug evolution is reflected in the de novo genome of Arion vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1855
Authors: Chen Zeyuan , Doğan Özgül , Guiglielmoni Nadège , Guichard Anne , Schrödl Michael 
Published: August 2022

AbstractStylommatophoran pulmonate land slugs and snails successfully completed the water-to-land transition from an aquatic ancestor and flourished on land. Of the 30,000 estimated species, very few genomes have so far been published. Here, we assembled and characterized a chromosome-level genome of the “Spanish” slug,Arion vulgarisMoquin-Tandon, 1855, a notorious pest land slug in Europe. Using this reference genome, we conclude that a whole-genome duplication event occurred approximately 93–109 Mya at the base of Stylommatophora and might have promoted land invasion and adaptive radiation. Comparative genomic analyses reveal that genes related to the development of kidney, blood vessels, muscle, and nervous systems had expanded in the last common ancestor of land pulmonates, likely an evolutionary response to the terrestrial challenges of gravity and water loss. Analyses ofA. vulgarisgene families and positively selected genes show the slug has evolved a stronger ability to counteract the greater threats of external damage, radiation, and water loss lacking a protective shell. Furthermore, a recent burst of long interspersed elements in the genome ofA. vulgarismight affect gene regulation and contribute to rapid phenotype changes inA. vulgaris, which might be conducive to its rapid adaptation and invasiveness.
Application of an instructive hydrogel accelerates re-epithelialization of xenografted human skin wounds
Authors: Sparks Holly D. , Mandla Serena , Vizely Katrina , Rosin Nicole , Radisic Milica , Biernaskie Jeff 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPoor quality (eg. excessive scarring) or delayed closure of skin wounds can have profound physical and pyschosocial effects on patients as well as pose an enormous economic burden on the healthcare system. An effective means of improving both the rate and quality of wound healing is needed for all patients suffering from skin injury. Despite wound care being a multi-billion-dollar industry, effective treatments aimed at rapidly restoring the skin barrier function or mitigating the severity of fibrotic scar remain elusive. Previously, a hydrogel conjugated angiopoietin-1 derived peptide (QHREDGS; Q-peptide) was shown to increase keratinocyte migration and improve wound healing in diabetic mice. Here, we evaluated the effect of this Q-Peptide Hydrogel on human skin wound healing using a mouse xenograft model. First, we confirmed that the Q-Peptide Hydrogel promoted the migration of adult human keratinocytes and modulated their cytokine profile in vitro. Next, utilizing our human to mouse split-thickness skin xenograft model, we found improved healing of wounded human epidermis following Q-Peptide Hydrogel treatment. Importantly, Q-Peptide Hydrogel treatment enhanced this wound re-epithelialization via increased keratinocyte migration and survival, rather than a sustained increase in proliferation. Overall, these data provide strong evidence that topical application of QHREDGS peptide-modified hydrogels results in accelerated wound closure that may lead to improved outcomes for patients.
Three-dimensional dynamics of fluctuations appearing during pellet ablation process around a pellet in a fusion plasma experiment
Authors: Ohshima S. , Suzuki T. , Matoike R. , Motojima G. , Kado S. , Mori A. , Miyashita A. , Kobayashi S. , Minami T. , Iwata A. , Qiu D. , Wang C. , Luo M. , Zhang P. , Kondo Y. , Nishino N. , Mizuuchi T. , Okada H. , Konoshima S. , Inagaki S. , Nagasaki K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUnderstanding pellet ablation physics is crucial to realizing efficient fueling into a high temperature plasma for the steady state operation of ITER and future fusion reactors. Here we report the first observation of the formation of fluctuation structures in the pellet plasmoid during the pellet ablation process by a fast camera in a medium-sized fusion device, Heliotron J. The fluctuation has a normalized fluctuation level of ~ 15% and propagates around the moving pellet across the magnetic field. By comparing the fluctuation structures with the shape of magnetic field lines calculated with the field line tracing code, we successfully reconstruct the spatio-temporal structure of the fluctuations during the pellet ablation process. The fluctuations are located at the locations displaced toroidally from the pellet and propagate in the cross-field direction around the pellet axis along the field line, indicating a three-dimensional behavior and structure of fluctuations. The fluctuation would be driven by a strong inhomogeneity formed around the pellet and invoke the relaxation of the gradient through a cross-field transport induced by the fluctuations, which could affect the pellet ablation and pellet fueling processes. Such fluctuations can be ubiquitously present at the inhomogeneity formed around a pellet in the pellet ablation process in fusion devices.
A simple model of COVID-19 explains disease severity and the effect of treatments
Authors: Sanche Steven , Cassidy Tyler , Chu Pinghan , Perelson Alan S. , Ribeiro Ruy M. , Ke Ruian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractConsiderable effort has been made to better understand why some people suffer from severe COVID-19 while others remain asymptomatic. This has led to important clinical findings; people with severe COVID-19 generally experience persistently high levels of inflammation, slower viral load decay, display a dysregulated type-I interferon response, have less active natural killer cells and increased levels of neutrophil extracellular traps. How these findings are connected to the pathogenesis of COVID-19 remains unclear. We propose a mathematical model that sheds light on this issue by focusing on cells that trigger inflammation through molecular patterns: infected cells carrying pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damaged cells producing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The former signals the presence of pathogens while the latter signals danger such as hypoxia or lack of nutrients. Analyses show that SARS-CoV-2 infections can lead to a self-perpetuating feedback loop between DAMP expressing cells and inflammation, identifying the inability to quickly clear PAMPs and DAMPs as the main contributor to hyperinflammation. The model explains clinical findings and reveal conditions that can increase the likelihood of desired clinical outcome from treatment administration. In particular, the analysis suggest that antivirals need to be administered early during infection to have an impact on disease severity. The simplicity of the model and its high level of consistency with clinical findings motivate its use for the formulation of new treatment strategies.
A prospective randomized comparative trial evaluating postoperative nutritional intervention in patients with oral cancer
Authors: Nett Hannah , Steegmann Julius , Tollkühn-Prott Birgit , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExtensive surgical treatment of oral cancer results in significant deterioration of nutritional status with concomitant increased nutrient requirements. The consequences are an elevated risk of postoperative complaints as well as morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate an additional postoperative nutritional intervention through professional nutritional advice and nutritional supplementation in patients with oral cancer for at least six months. 62 patients with oral cancer in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery were randomized into two groups. The intervention group received nutritional supplements, protein-rich, high-fiber diet and care by a professional nutritionist in addition to the standard treatment. The control group received only the standard treatment. Statistical analysis includes the evaluation of means and standard deviations as well as the calculation of p values with a significance level of 0.05. A deficiency of protein, albumin, vitamin D, zinc and iron was noticed in both groups immediately after surgery. Patients in the intervention group recorded significantly less weight loss (pT2 = 0.0031, pT4 = 0.0424), a more stable BMI (pT2 = 0.0496), better values for albumin (pT2 = 0.0265), vitamin A (pT3 = 0.0248, pT4 = 0.0007) and calcium (pT3 = 0.0362) during the follow-ups. The patients in the intervention group showed significantly fewer digestive problems (p = 0.0062) and muscular complaints (p = 0.0448). They showed better eating habits (p = 0.0348) and were capable of more physical activity (p = 0.0045) than patients in the control group. Patients with oral cancer can have a benefit from postoperative nutritional intervention. Early screening, appropriate care by a nutritionist and supplementation with vitamin D, zinc, calcium and protein-rich food are recommended.