bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Uptake and Utilization of Mutual Health Insurance in Cameroon: The case of Bamenda Ecclesiastical Province Health Assistance
Authors: Asah Flora Nah , Fr)  
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Mutual health insurance schemes are a tool to curb excessive out-of-pocket payments for healthcare services to the poor and vulnerable communities. However, the uptake and utilization of these insurance schemes are low. This study explores factors that influence the uptake and utilization of mutual health insurance schemes.Methods: This was a descriptive qualitative case study conducted among 20 Adherents and seven staff of BEPHA Kumbo. Multiple data sources were used, including semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and a review of documents. We used the content analysis method to analyze the data. Results: While mutual health insurance schemes can increase access to healthcare and potentially protect households against impoverishment caused by out-of-pocket payments, they face multiple factors that hinder uptake and utilization. The findings revealed that trust and access to the insurer were classified as enablers. At the same time, annual contribution, adverse selection, and no national policy were threats influencing uptake and utilization of the schemes. Conclusions: MHI schemes can expand access to healthcare and improve the quality of care for its members. However, the lack of national policy threatens uptake and utilization and, hence, sustainability of these schemes.
Development of AI-Based Framework for COVID-19 Patient Tracking System in Modern Smart Cities
Authors: Prematilake R.D.D. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 has thrown a wrench in the works, forcing people, organizations, and governments to rethink their policies, objectives, and actions. These shifts are acting as a spur for technological advancement and creativity. Artificial intelligence (AI) has become more prevalent in the health field, especially COVID-19. To address pandemic responses, this article presents the development of COVID-19 patient tracking system based on the AI. ANN based approach was utilized to develop the proposed system with the aid of wearable sensor data and questionnaire-based data.
BenchMetrics Prob: Benchmarking of probabilistic error/loss performance evaluation instruments for binary-classification problems
Authors: Canbek Gürol 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Performance evaluation is key to building, training, validating, testing, comparing, and publishing classifier models for machine-learning-based classification problems. Two categories of performance instruments are confusion-matrix-derived metrics such as accuracy, true positive rate, and F1 and graphical-based metrics such as area-under-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve. Probabilistic-based performance instruments that are originally used for regression and time series forecasting are also applied in some binary-class or multi-class classifiers, such as artificial neural networks. Besides widely-known probabilistic instruments such as Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and LogLoss, there are many instruments. However, it is not identified that any of those is proper to use specifically in binary-classification performance evaluation. This study proposes BenchMetrics Prob, a qualitative and quantitative benchmarking method, to systematically evaluate probabilistic instruments via five criteria and fourteen simulation cases based on hypothetical classifiers on synthetic datasets. These criteria and cases give more insights to select a proper instrument in a binary-classification performance evaluation. The method was tested on over 31 instruments/instrument variants and the results have distinguished that three instruments are the most robust for binary-classification performance evaluation, namely Sum Squared Error (SSE), MSE with RMSE variant, and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The results also showed that instrument variants with summarization functions other than mean (e.g., median and geometric mean) and the instrument subtypes proposed later to improve performance evaluation in regression such as relative/percentage/symmetric-percentage error instruments are not robust. Researchers should be aware of using those instruments in selecting or reporting performance in binary classification problems.
Visual outcomes of secondary lens implants in children with different etiologies
Authors: SHAH MEHUL , Shah Shreya , Kataria Apeksha , Korane Ashvini 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Aim: This study investigated visual outcomes and factors that impact vision in children receiving secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implants.Methods: Children who had traumatic or congenital cataracts and underwent secondary lens implantation for aphakia at Drashti Netralaya between 2000 and 2019 were retrospectively examined. We included all the eyes with secondary implants for aphakia correction with placement either in the bag or sulcus or through scleral fixation. We obtained data from electronic medical records and analyzed using SPSS 22 through descriptive analysis, cross tabulation, and t test.We evaluated visual outcomes among different patients.Results: Our cohort consisted of 84 eyes (mean age: 7.88 ± 6.07 years). Of the 84 eyes, 24 (28.6%) and 60 (71.4%) were female and male patients, respectively, and 32 (38.1%) had traumatic cataract. We observed significant improvements in vision following lens implantation (p=0.000). Those with nontraumatic cataracts exhibited better outcomes that did the traumatic cataract group (p = 0.004). Corneal opacity caused comorbidities in the traumatic group (14/52,14.29%). Visual outcomes significantly improved in young patients and were not affected by other variables.Conclusion: Secondary lens implantation significantly improved vision in aphakic children. Young patients and those with nontraumatic cataracts demonstrated more favorable visual outcomes.
Clinical profile and visual outcome of complicated cataracts in eye care center in western central India
Authors: SHAH MEHUL , Shah Shreya , Kataria Apeksha , Korane Ashvini , Vaghela Mrugesha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Complicated cataract having poor prognosis, because of comorbidities. We tried to study visual outcomes in all clinical conditions. Methods: This is prospective cohort study to develop scoring system to predict visual outcome in case of complicated cataracts. We enrolled all complicated cataracts fulfilling inclusion criteria between august 2019 to 2020.For All enrolled cases data collected in pre tested online format in Electronic medical records. All data exported and analysed with SPSS 22 using descriptive, cross tabulation and One sample T test functions.Results: Our cohort was consisted of 230 eyes of 230 patients with mean age 44+/-21.22 years with 121/230(52.6%) female and 109/230(47.4%) male.Traumatic cataracts (64/230) Cataract with Corneal opacity (45/230) Post uveitic cataract (43/230) Neglected cataract (39/230).We had 37/230 (16.1%) pediatric population with significant poor outcome. We found significant difference in pre and post-operative visual outcome. Conclusion: Complicated cataracts with different co morbidities has significant improvement in visual outcome following comprehensive management. Neglected cataracts has better outcome than other categories.
Field emission microscope for a single fullerene molecule
Authors: Yanagisawa Hirofumi , Bohn Markus , Goschin Florian , Seitsonen Ari P. , Kling Matthias F. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Applying strong direct current (DC) electric fields on the apex of a sharp metallic tip, electrons can be radially emitted from the apex to vacuum. Subsequently, they magnify the nanoscopic information on the apex, which serves as a field emission microscope (FEM). When depositing molecules on such a tip, peculiar electron emission patterns such as clover leaves appear. These phenomena were first observed seventy years ago. However, the source of these emission patterns has not yet been identified owing to the limited experimental information about molecular configurations on a tip. Here, we used fullerene molecules and characterized the molecule-covered tip by an FEM. In addition to the experiments, simulations were performed to obtain optimized molecular configurations on a tip. Both results indicate that the molecules, the source of the peculiar emission patterns, appear on a molecule layer formed on the tip under strong DC electric fields. Furthermore, the simulations revealed that these molecules are mostly isolated single molecules forming single-molecule-terminated protrusions. Upon the excellent agreements in both results, we concluded that each emission pattern originates from a single molecule. Our work should pave the way to revive old-fashioned electron microscopy as a powerful tool for investigating a single molecule.
Time for Risk: Future Time Perspective and Tolerance to Ambiguity as Factors Explaining Positive and Negative Risk-Taking in Adulthood
Authors: Fryt Joanna , Szczygieł Monika , Duell Natasha 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Risk-taking persists across the lifespan, but we know it is not ubiquitous across all adults. As goals and motivations vary across individuals and age groups, so too does risk behavior. Although risk is often considered in the context of maladaptive behaviors, risks can also be positive, allowing individuals to pursue meaningful goals in a socially accepted way. In this study, we were interested in examining positive and negative risk-taking in adults. The first aim of the study was to test associations among future time perspective, tolerance to ambiguity, and sensitivity to reward and punishment with positive and negative risk-taking in adults (N = 275, ages 19–71 years). The second aim of the study was to explore profiles of adult risk-takers using cluster analysis. Results indicated that greater future time perspective and reward sensitivity, but lower punishment sensitivity, were associated with greater positive risk-taking while higher reward sensitivity was associated with greater negative risk-taking. Further, cluster analysis yielded three groups of adult risk-takers: (1) oldest average age and lowest overall risk-taking, future time perspective, and reward sensitivity; (2) medium age, highest overall risk-taking, future time perspective, tolerance to ambiguity, and lowest punishment sensitivity; (3) youngest average age and average levels of all key variables. The knowledge gained from the study can lay the foundation for future work on how positive risk-taking may be cultivated across multiple domains of adults’ lives.
Evidence for ABL amplification in multiple myeloma and therapeutic implications
Authors: Huang He , Guo Wenjian , He Licai , Yao Ronxin , Lin Ying , Yu Kang , Li Qian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Cytogenetic abnormalities are considered initiating events in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) and are assumed to be of clinical significance. Methods: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to analyze chromosomal architecture in 101 patients with MM. We evaluated overall patient survival and assessed cytotoxicity of imatinib against MM cells using a CCK8 assay.Results: ABL gene amplification was detected in 67 patients (66.3%). However, ABL gene amplification was not associated with clinical features, cytogenetic abnormalities (c-Myc amplification, IGH rearrangement, RB1 deletion, p53 deletion, or 1q21 amplification), or overall survival. ABL amplification in MM cell lines (LP-1 and U266) was revealed by FISH. Furthermore, the ABL protein was easily detectable in MM cell lines and some tumor cells by western blotting. A CCK8 assay indicated limited cytotoxicity of imatinib against MM cells.Conclusions: Our study firstly discussed ABL gene amplification was prevalent in MM cells, and we believe ABL gene would potentially be a useful target in the treatment of combination strategy for MM with ABL amplification in future.
Numerical analysis of an unsaturated capillary barrier cover system under transient state
Authors: Shenas Mohammad Ali - Hagh , Sharafi Hassan , Colindres Ana 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Waste management of landfills is a vital challenge for developing countries. In a landfill facility contaminant are unintentionally removed from a waste pile through water infiltration, which consequently leads to soil and groundwater pollution. To protect landfill facilities and diminish the risk of contaminant migration to soil and groundwater, inclined multi-layered barriers can be used to confine the infiltration through implementation of the capillary barrier effect. In this study, the effect of rainfall, evaporation, and transpiration on the hydraulic properties of inclined covers was assessed by performing a series of simulations using HYDRUS-2D numerical models. Key results were used to evaluate the response of multi-layered inclined capillary cover barriers. The material of the intended layers included clay loam soil as a seepage control layer, sandy soil as a moisture retention layer, and gravel as a capillary break layer. Based on the key results of numerical analyses, Darcian velocity in the moisture retention layer was nearly constant throughout the slope due to the hydraulic properties of the materials and the pressure head. Lateral diversion in the interface between the seepage control layer and moisture retention layer occurred as a result of the significant slope of said layers and the low permeability of the moisture retention layer. At the reduced degree of saturation, water did not move easily from the seepage control layer to the moisture retention layer as well as from the moisture retention layer to the capillary break layer due to the low hydraulic conductivity. The negative pressure head in the seepage control layer – caused by evapotranspiration, surface runoff, and lateral drainage – had minimal effect on the water content in the moisture retention layer. Water content increased in the seepage control layer and the moisture retention layer during the first 10-year period simulation, which demonstrated a reliable prediction.
Collecting Duct Carcinoma of The Kidney: Analysis of 74 Cases From Multiple Centers
Authors: Chen Jinchao , Cai Desheng , Gong Kan , Wang Hua , Wang Zongping , Zhu Shaoxing 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
ObjectivesCollecting duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney is a rare, aggressive histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We aimed to comprehensively describe the nature of the CDC.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from 74 patients with CDC from two centers between January 2001 and December 2020. The clinical characteristics, imaging and pathological features, and diagnostic and treatment methods were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall survival (OS).ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 61.5 years, and 54.1% were males. The most common symptoms were low back pain (39.2%), hematuria (29.7%), and fatigue (14.9%). Computed tomography (CT) was not specific, with 10.8% of the patients diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma and 4.1% with infectious disease. Thirty-two patients had metastasis to the lymph node (32.4%), bone (13.5%) and lung (8.1%) at presentation, while 17.6% had tumor thrombus in the venous system. Twenty-two patients underwent renal biopsy, and 50% of the patients were diagnosed with CDC. Sixty-one renal surgeries were performed, and the pathological median diameter of the CDC was 6.5 cm. Eight patients received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and the objective remission rate (ORR) was 50%. The median follow-up time was 16 months, while the median overall survival (OS) was 24.0 months. The Univariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, sarcomatoid differentiation, increasing stage, and absence of renal surgery were predictors of mortality.ConclusionsCDC is highly aggressive. Patients are commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage. Early surgical treatment can improve prognosis. Though there is still a lack of standard treatment, ICIs bring new hope for the treatment of CDC.
DBSHD: Dynamic Burst-aware Source Host Detection in the Cloud
Authors: Rahmani Somayeh , khajehvand vahid , torabian mohsen 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
One of the essential phases during the Virtual Machine (VM) consolidation is to detect the source (underloaded and overloaded) hosts. Bursts with a sudden and transient increase in the workload have an adverse effect on this process. Also, burst-aware methods for detecting the overloaded and underloaded hosts play a key role in achieving performance and energy efficiency tradeoffs in the cloud computing systems. In this study, we deal with these methods as an open issue in the resource management process. We present a dynamic burst-aware method for detecting the overloaded and underloaded hosts. The principal idea in our proposed method is to keep the weighted average load of the hosts within a dynamic range. The thresholds and weights (impact factors) are obtained from the analysis of the historical data related to hosts. Furthermore, we have used the CloudSim simulator and PlanetLab real-world dataset in order to measure the performance of our proposed method. The simulation results verify the superiority of the proposed technique in achieving performance and energy efficiency tradeoffs, compared to the benchmark methods.
Mathematical Analysis And Performance Evaluation Of The Cell-Free Mmimo Networks Based On Cognitive Relays
Authors: Shalaby Mohamed , Shahein Mohamed , Shokair Mona 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The Cell-Free mMIMO networks can provide a satisfied performance for 5G networks and beyond even there are shadowed users or indoor ones. The performance of cell-Free mMIMO networks was mathematically analyzed and simulated. This work aims to apply the cognitive relays in cell-Free mMIMO networks. The cell-Free mMIMO system, based on cognitive relays, is mathematically analyzed and simulated. The proposed work depends on two axes. Firstly, the relays can improve the performance of cell-Free mMIMO networks especially at shadowed users and cell-edge ones. Secondly, the cognitive radio can mitigate the interference in a cell-Free mMIMO network. The Cell-Free mMIMO network, based on cognitive relays, is proposed. The system is mathematically analyzed and simulated. The spectral efficiency SE and signal to interference plus noise ratio SINR is deduced and given in a closed form formula. It can be concluded that the cognitive relays can improve; SINR, SE, and Energy Efficiency EE of a cell-Free mMIMO network.
Domino/Cascade and Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Thiazole Derivatives
Authors: Alam Mohammad A. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract:
Substituted thiazoles are widely known as natural products, approved drugs, and a
number of synthetic compounds as bioactive agents. Due to the worth of this heterocycle nucleus,
a large number of synthetic methodologies have been reported over the years to synthesize
its derivatives. In this perspective, recent advances in the synthesis of thiazole compounds
by using domino/cascade and multicomponent approaches have been summarized.
Decir que no ¡Nunca! Entrevista a Bárbara Álvarez
Authors: Caballero Soledad 
Published: February 2022

Vive en Montevideo, tiene 36 años, y es la primera —y hasta el momento única— directora de fotografía cinematográfica mujer que hay en Uruguay. Debutó en cine con 25 Watts, después filmó El viaje hacia el mar, Whisky y en 2005 El custodio, su cuarto largometraje.
Estilo BBC: profundidad y rapidez. Entrevista a Verónica Psetizki
Authors: Kweksilber Carola , Giaimo Mariangela 
Published: February 2022

Desde el Servicio Latinoamericano de la BBC, la periodista Verónica Psetizki cuenta su larga experiencia profesional en los medios de comunicación de Estados Unidos y Gran Bretaña.
Blogging desde el sur
Authors: Caballero Soledad 
Published: February 2022

Los blogs impactaron en internet al facilitar la publicación de contenidos y crear un mundo dentro de la web conocido como la blogósfera. Un mundo cuyo crecimiento es permanente y continuo: cada día se crean cien mil nuevos blogs. Sin embargo, esta actividad de generar y publicar contenido en internet aún no tiene presencia suficiente dentro de la población de habla hispana que representa, según Technorati, solo el 3 por ciento de la blogósfera.
Direct Maxillary Sinus Lift; Complications Influence on Fixture Survival
Authors: Al-Rawee Rawaa Y. , Sultan Basim M. , Tawfeeq Bashar Abdul-Ghani 
Published: February 2022

Objective: Highlighting one of advanced surgeries in dental imlantology. The clinical outcome of post-surgical complications. Compare the success rate difference between direct sinus lift and cases were lifting not need.
Methods: This retrospective study organized in Al-Salam Teaching Hospital since 2007 till 2010. Seventy seven patients were underwent direct sinus lift surgery as a site preparation for dental implant with superline dental implant system. From the total 1872 we choose 75 patients were they don't need sinus lifting. Cases divided into 2 groups were group A are the cases were dental implant performed without sinus augmentation or lift (No SA.), group B are the cases were dental implant performed with sinus augmentation lift (DSA.).
Results: Perforation was the most serious complications which need to be avoided in DSL cases. Its need special skill, gentle alert works. Accurate management of the complications can give good result without affecting success rate.
Conclusion: Careful analysis via imaging, precise surgical techniques and an understanding of the anatomy of the surgical area are essential in preventing complications. One should be aware of the possible complications related to implant placement so that the patient can be properly informed.
Evaluation of ectopic pregnancy in Al- Salam hospital in Mosul, Iraq
Authors: Yahya Sada Azawi 
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the ectopic pregnancy in Mosul city.
Methods: A cross sectional study in which 88 females attended to Al- Salam hospital in Mosul city from 2017 - 2019. All females with current ectopic pregnancy included and any women with no EP has been excluded.
Results: mean age (28.7 Â± 6) years old, 59% of females at age group 21 â€“ 30 years old 27% of them at age group 31 â€“ 40 years old and 10 % in age group 11 â€“ 20 years old, the main complain of females: abdominal pain (31.8%), abdominal pain and bleeding (23.9%), irregular bleeding (17%) and other complain. Type of infertility of females: no infertility (61.4 %), primary (21.6 %) and secondary (17.0%). 45.5 % of females had infection and all females history of operation was ovarian cyst (6.8%), appendicitis (11.4 %), ART (13.6%) and 55.7% of them with no any history of previous operation. 86% of females get pregnancy by normal ways and 14% get by IVF. 97% of females with no history of previous EP. 14% of them use contraception ( pills 3%, IUCDS 7%, injectable 4%). 37.5% of females in our study with no baby while 24% with 1 baby and 19% with 2 and above 3 babies respectively. 35% of females with history of previous abortion ( 24% 1 abortion, 8% 2 abortion, 2% 3 abortion and 1% 4 abortion). 91% of females with destruction of fallopian tube (53% left side, 43% right side and 4% other part). 98% of females with surgical treatment (Salpingectomy) while other 2% of them treated as medical treatment.
Conclusion: There are increase in incidence of EP and decrease in mother death, main manifestations are abdominal pain, abdominal pain and bleeding and irregular bleeding so early diagnosis of females lead to decrease mortality and rapid surgical intervention decrease mortality and complication.