bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species‐specific plant‐mediated effects between herbivores converge at high damage intensity
Authors: Wan Jinlong , Yi Jiahui , Tao Zhibin , Ren Zhikun , Otieno Evans O. , Tian Baoliang , Ding Jianqing , Siemann Evan , Erb Matthias , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlants are often exposed to multiple herbivores and densities of these attackers (or corresponding damage intensities) often fluctuate greatly in the field. Plant‐mediated interactions vary among herbivore species and with changing feeding intensity, but little is known about how herbivore identity and density interact to determine plant responses and herbivore fitness. Here, we investigated this question using Triadica sebifera (tallow) and two common and abundant specialist insect herbivores, Bikasha collaris (flea beetle) and Heterapoderopsis bicallosicollis (weevil). By manipulating densities of leaf‐feeding adults of these two herbivore species, we tested how variations in the intensity of leaf damage caused by flea beetle or weevil adults affected the performance of root‐feeding flea beetle larvae and evaluated the potential of induced tallow root traits to predict flea beetle larval performance. We found that weevil adults consistently decreased the survival of flea beetle larvae with increasing leaf damage intensities. In contrast, conspecific flea beetle adults increased their larval survival at low damage then decreased larval survival at high damage, resulting in a unimodal pattern. Chemical analyses showed that increasing leaf damage from weevil adults linearly decreased root carbohydrates and increased root tannin, whereas flea beetle adults had opposite effects as weevil adults at low damage and similar effects as them at high damage. Furthermore, across all feeding treatments, flea beetle larval survival correlated positively with concentrations of carbohydrates and negatively with concentration of tannin, suggesting that root primary and secondary metabolism might underlie the observed effects on flea beetle larvae. Our study demonstrates that herbivore identity and density interact to determine systemic plant responses and plant‐mediated effects on herbivores. In particular, effects are species‐specific at low densities, but converge at high densities. These findings emphasize the importance of considering herbivore identity and density simultaneously when investigating factors driving plant‐mediated interactions between herbivores, which advances our understanding of the structure and composition of herbivore communities and terrestrial food webs.
Electrochemical Investigation of Ruxolitinib: Sensitive Voltammetric Assay in Drug Product and Human Serum by Using Different Solid Electrodes
Authors: Bilge Selva , Karadurmus Leyla , Atici Esen Bellur , Sınağ Ali , Ozkan Sibel A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRuxolitinib (RUX), a compound of the pyrrolopyrimidines class with activity as a tyrosine kinase inhibitory drug, is used to treat myelofibrosis. This study is reported for the detailed electrochemical behavior of RUX. The effects of supporting electrolyte, pH, and scanning rate on the peak potentials and currents of RUX were investigated by BDDE and GCE using different voltammetric techniques. Under optimum experimental conditions, calibration curves for RUX were obtained as 4 μM–80 μM and 1 μM–80 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.517 μM and 0.192 μM by the GCE and BDDE, respectively using DPV.
Molecular dynamics simulation‐guided toehold mediated strand displacement probe for single‐nucleotide variants detection
Authors: Zhang Linghao , Chen Jing , He Mengya , Su Xin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSingle nucleotide variant (SNV) has become an emerging biomarker for various diseases such as cancers and infectious diseases. Toehold‐mediated strand displacement (TMSD), the core reaction of DNA nanotechnology, has been widely leveraged to identify SNVs. However, inappropriate choice of mismatch location results in poor discrimination ability. Here, we comprehensively investigate the effect of mismatch location on TMSD kinetics by molecular dynamic simulation tool oxDNA through umbrella sampling and forward flux sampling disclosing that mismatches at the border of the toehold and branch migration domain yield the lowest TMSD reaction rate. Nine disease‐related SNVs (SARS‐CoV‐2‐D614G, EGFR‐L858R, EGFR‐T790M, KRAS‐G12R, etc.) were tested experimentally showing a good agreement with simulation. The best choice of mismatch location enables high discrimination factor with a median of 124 for SNV and wild type. Coupling with a probe‐sink system, a low variant allele frequency of 0.1% was detected with 3 S/N. We successfully used the probes to detect SNVs with high confidence in the PCR clones of constructed plasmids. This work provides mechanistic insights into TMSD process at the single‐nucleotide level and can be a guidance for the design of TMSD system with fine‐tuning kinetics for various applications in biosensors and nanotechnology.
Iterated discretization error transport equations for laminar and turbulent flows
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Xue Weicheng , Roy Christopher J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe focus of this work is on discretization error estimation for finite‐volume schemes using iterated forms of the linear and nonlinear error transport equations. The accuracy of the discretization error estimates is studied by applying the error estimates as corrections to the primal problem and calculating the observed order of accuracy of the corrected solution. The test cases used in this work include two‐dimensional Cross Term Sinusoidal manufactured solutions for laminar flow and turbulent flow modeled by the Spalart–Allmaras and Menter's Shear Stress Transport model and a boundary layer manufactured solution for the Spalart–Allmaras model. The discretization error estimates of the linearized error transport equations and the nonlinear error transport equations are compared. Higher‐order accurate corrected solutions have been obtained which shows that the discretization error estimates are sufficiently accurate.
Declining disease burden of HCC in the United States, 1992–2017: A population‐based analysis
Authors: Han Jianglong , Wang Bin , Liu Wenmin , Wang Shijie , Chen Ruyan , Chen Mingkai , Fu Zhenming 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
The incidence of HCC has recently been consistently reported to decline in the United States. However, decreased overall mortality of HCC has just been suggested and needs further examination.

Approach and Results
Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results databases, we assessed HCC incidence, incidence‐based mortality (IBM), and 1‐year survival rates from 1992 through 2017 in the United States. These secular trends were analyzed using the National Cancer Institute’s Joinpoint Regression Program. Age‐period‐cohort analyses were performed to address underlying reasons for the observed temporal trends. The incidence and mortality of liver cancer in the United States by different etiologies were acquired from the Global Burden of Disease study (1990–2019) as a likely validation set. Joinpoint and age‐period‐cohort analyses were performed by etiologies. The incidence rates of HCC increased during 1992–2011 and sharply decreased thereafter by −2.3% annually (95% CI: −3.5% to −1.1%). IBM peaked in 2013 (age‐standardized mortality rate: 6.98 per 100,000 person‐years) in the US population. IBM started to decrease significantly in 2013 by −3.2%/year (95% CI: −5.4% to −1.1% per year) after a continuous increase of 3.5% annually during 1993–2013. Overall, the 1‐year survival of HCC improved from 21.4% to 56.6% over the study period. However, the highest HCC incidence and mortality risk for patients aged 60–69 and born between 1952–1957 were found.

Conclusions
We found significantly decreased overall HCC‐specific mortality since 2013 in the US population, along with decreased incidence and continuously improved survival. The changing etiologies, advances in screening and diagnosis, and improved treatment modality and allocation might all contribute to the downward trends of the disease burden of HCC in the United States.
Polar Substituents Enable Efficient Catalysis for a Class of Cobalt Polypyridyl Hydrogen Evolving Catalysts
Authors: Müller Peter , Probst Benjamin , Spingler Bernhard , Blacque Olivier , Alberto Roger 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA series of structurally related, acyclic cobalt tetrapyridyl hydrogen evolving catalysts (HEC) were prepared and characterized. The common motif, di(2,2′‐bipyridin‐6‐yl)‐methane, was derivatized at the bridging methylene to include a carbonyl group (L1), a hydroxy (L2), a methyl and a hydroxy (L3), a 1,1′‐biphenyl‐2,2′‐diyl (L4), a hydroxy and a phenyl (L5) or a hydroxy and a pyrid‐6‐yl group. These catalysts were compared with the known HEC [Co(appy)Br]Br. Photo‐ and electrochemistry showed a distinct influence of the bridging position on rates and stabilities of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Apolar ligands resulted in inferior catalytic performance as compared to HECs with polar substituents. Electrochemically, [Co(L1)Br2] was shown to be converted to [Co(L2)Br2] in catalysis. The best catalyst made more than 10’000 turnovers, albeit at an overpotential of 600 mV. Additional pH dependent mechanistic aspects were elucidated by cyclic voltammetry.
Closed‐incision negative pressure therapy at −125 mmHg significantly reduces surgical site complications following total hip and knee arthroplasties: A stratified meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Elhage Kareem G. , Awad Mohamed E. , Irfan Furqan B. , Lumbley Joshua , Mostafa Gamal , Saleh Khaled J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundClosed‐incision negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPT) has shown promising effects for managing infected wounds. This meta‐analysis explores the current state of knowledge on ciNPT in orthopedics and addresses whether ciNPT at −125 mmHg or −80 mmHg or conventional dressing reduces the incidence of surgical site complications in hip and knee arthroplasty.MethodsThis meta‐analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and Cochrane Handbook. Prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with ciNPT use compared to conventional dressings following hip and knee surgeries were considered for inclusion. Non‐stratified and stratified meta‐analyses of six RCTs were conducted to test for confounding and biases. A P value less than .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe included six RCTs have 611 patients. Total hip and knee arthroplasties were performed for 51.7% and 48.2% of the included population, respectively. Of 611 patients, conventional dressings were applied in 315 patients and 296 patients received ciNPT. Two ciNPT systems have been used across the six RCTs; PREVENA Incision Management System (−125 mmHg) (63.1%) and PICO dressing (−80 mmHg) (36.8%). The non‐stratified analysis showed that the ciNPT system had a statistically significant, lower risk of persistent wound drainage as compared to conventional dressing following total hip and knee arthroplasties (OR = 0.28; P = .002). There was no difference between ciNPT and conventional dressings in terms of wound hematoma, blistering, seroma, and dehiscence. The stratified meta‐analysis indicated that patients undergoing treatment with high‐pressure ciNPT (120 mmHg) displayed significantly fewer overall complications and persistent wound drainage (P = .00001 and P = .002, respectively) when compared to low‐pressure ciNPT (80 mmHg) and conventional dressings. In addition, ciNPT is associated with shorter hospital stays. (P = .005).ConclusionWhen compared to conventional wound dressing and −80 mmHg ciNPT, the use of −125 mmHg ciNPT is recommended in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty.
Synergistic‐engineered van der Waals photodiodes with high efficiency
Authors: Liu Baishan , Zhang Xiankun , Du Junli , Xiao Jiankun , Yu Huihui , Hong Mengyu , Gao Li , Ou Yang , Kang Zhuo , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Yue 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on two‐dimensional transition‐metal dichalcogenides have provided unprecedented opportunities for photovoltaic detectors owing to their strong light‐matter interaction and ultrafast interfacial charge transfer. Despite continued advancement, insufficient control of photocarrier behaviors still limits the external quantum efficiency (EQE) and operation speed of such detectors. Here, we propose a synergistic strategy of contact‐configuration design and thickness‐modulation to construct high‐performance vdW photodiodes based on the typical type II heterostructure (MoS2/WSe2). Through integrating three contact architectures into one device to exclude other factors, we solid the superiority of designed 1L‐MoS2/WSe2/graphene heterostructures incorporating efficient photocarrier collection and gate modulation. Together with leveraging the layer‐number‐dependent properties of WSe2, we observe the critical thickness of WSe2 (11 layers) for the highest EQE, which verifies the thickness‐dependent competition between photocarrier generation, dissociation, and collection. Finally, we demonstrate the synergistic‐engineered vdW heterostructure can trigger record‐high EQE (61%) and manifest ultrafast photoresponse (4.1 μs) at the atomically thin limit (8 nm). The proposed strategy enables architecture‐design and thickness‐engineering to unlock the potential to realize high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Sodium‐rich NASICON‐structured cathodes for boosting the energy density and lifespan of sodium‐free‐anode sodium metal batteries
Authors: Wu Junxiong , Lin Cong , Liang Qinghua , Zhou Guodong , Liu Jiapeng , Liang Gemeng , Wang Man , Li Baohua , Hu Liang , Ciucci Francesco , Liu Qiang , Chen Guohua , Yu Xiaoliang 
Published: January 2022

AbstractRechargeable sodium metal batteries (SMBs) have emerged as promising alternatives to commercial Li‐ion batteries because of the natural abundance and low cost of sodium resources. However, the overuse of metallic sodium in conventional SMBs limits their energy densities and leads to severe safety concerns. Herein, we propose a sodium‐free‐anode SMB (SFA‐SMB) configuration consisting of a sodium‐rich Na superionic conductor‐structured cathode and a bare Al/C current collector to address the above challenges. Sodiated Na3V2(PO4)3 in the form of Na5V2(PO4)3 was investigated as a cathode to provide a stable and controllable sodium source in the SFA‐SMB. It provides not only remarkable Coulombic efficiencies of Na plating/stripping cycles but also a highly reversible three‐electron redox reaction within 1.0–3.8 V versus Na/Na+ confirmed by structural/electrochemical measurements. Consequently, an ultrahigh energy density of 400 Wh kg−1 was achieved for the SFA‐SMB with fast Na storage kinetics and impressive capacity retention of 93% after 130 cycles. A narrowed voltage window (3.0–3.8 V vs. Na/Na+) further increased the lifespan to over 300 cycles with a high retained specific energy of 320 Wh kg−1. Therefore, the proposed SFA‐SMB configuration opens a new avenue for fabricating next‐generation batteries with high energy densities and long lifetimes.
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Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for predicted soil test phosphorus using the Annual Phosphorus Loss Estimator model
Authors: Bolster Carl H. , Wessel Barret M. , Vadas Peter A. , Fiorellino Nicole M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study we conducted a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis using the Annual P Loss Estimator (APLE) model focusing on model predictions of soil test phosphorus (STP). We calculated and evaluated the sensitivity coefficients of predicted STP and changes in STP using 1‐ and 10‐yr simulations with and without P application. We also compared two methods for estimating prediction uncertainties: first‐order variance approximation (FOVA) and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Finally, we compared uncertainties in APLE‐predicted STP with uncertainties in measured STP collected from multiple sites in Maryland under different manuring and cropping treatments. Results from our sensitivity analysis showed that predicted STP and changes in STP for 1‐yr simulations without P inputs were most sensitive to initial STP, whereas model STP predictions were most sensitive to manure and fertilizer application rates when sensitivity analyses included P inputs. For the 10‐yr simulations without P application inputs, the range in sensitivity coefficients for crop uptake and precipitation were much greater than for the 1‐yr simulations. Prediction uncertainties from FOVA were comparable to those from MCS for model input uncertainties up to 50%. Using FOVA to calculate APLE STP prediction uncertainties using the Maryland data set, the mean measured STP for nearly all site years fell within the 95% confidence intervals of the STP prediction uncertainties. Our results provide users of APLE insight into what model inputs require the most careful measurement when using the model to predict changes in STP under conditions of P drawdown (i.e., no P application) or P buildup.
Similarity and difference between aging and puncture‐induced intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: He Shuangjun , Zhang Yijian , Zhou Zhangzhe , Shao Xiaofeng , Chen Kangwu , Dai Shouqian , Liang Ting , Qian Zhonglai , Luo Zongping 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe purpose of our study was to investigate the changes in micromorphology and mechanical properties of intervertebral discs degeneration induced by aging and puncture. Normal group (NG), 2 weeks post‐puncture degeneration group (PDG) and aging degeneration group (ADG) each included 10 rats. Plain film, magnetic resonance imaging, and histological testing were utilized to assess intervertebral disc degeneration. Atomic force microscope was utilized to analyze the microstructure and elastic modulus of the intervertebral disc, while immunohistochemistry was employed to assess alterations in the cell matrix using collagen I, collagen II, matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3), and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). The results showed that the disc height ratio between PDG and ADG decreased. In the PDG and ADG group, histological scores both increased, the gray value of the T2 signal decreased, the proportion of MMP‐3 and TNF‐positive cells in intervertebral disc tissues was higher (p < 0.05) and the IOD values of COL‐2 lower in intervertebral disc tissues (p < 0.05). The elastic modulus of PDG and ADG annulus fibers (AF) increased compared to the NG (p < 0.05); when compared to PDG, the elastic modulus of ADG AF decreased (p < 0.05). The elastic modulus of PDG and ADG collagen increased in the nucleus pulposus (NP, p < 0.05); ADG had a greater AF diameter than NG and PDG (p < 0.05). The results indicated that ADG fiber diameter thickens, and chronic inflammation indicators rise; PDG suffers from severe extracellular matrix loss. The degeneration of the ADG and PDG intervertebral discs is different. The results provide foundation for clinical research.
Restoring subsided coal mined land to farmland using optimized placement of Yellow River sediment to amend soil
Authors: Hu Zhenqi , Wang Xiaotong , McSweeney Kevin , Li Yong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnderground coal mining causes land subsidence and large areas of cultivated land are destroyed. The Yellow River interlayer filling reclamation technology is a powerful way to restore cultivated land. Understanding the mechanism of action of interlayers in reconstructed soil filled with Yellow River sediment is essential to achieving sustainable land management in the Yellow River regions. Column experiments and field experiments were conducted to explore optimum interlayer placement in reconstructed soil with Yellow River sediment for restoring subsided land. Our findings show that the inclusion of interlayers in the sediment reduced water leakage and moisture evaporation and improved the water‐holding capacity of the material in comparison to a conventional reconstructed soil profile (CK2). The optimal profile with the highest water‐holding capacity was constructed using two 30 cm thick interlayers (T6). In comparison to CK2, the migration rate of the wetting front decreases by 32.16%, the cumulative evaporation decreases by 16.29%, the volumetric water content of the filling layer (θfl) increases by 121.56%, and the water‐holding coefficient (CWR) increases by 59.47%. The same trend is also demonstrated by field experiments. The wheat and maize yields of T6 improved 45.85% and 60.69%, respectively, as compared with CK2, that more closely resembles undisturbed farmland (CK1). This study provides a valuable framework for subsided land reclamation regarding the method of placing interlayers into Yellow River sediment for enhancing water retention and productivity.
Multifunctional Liquid Crystal Device for Grayscale Pattern Display and Holography with Tunable Spectral‐Response
Authors: Chen Kuixian , Xu Chunting , Zhou Zhou , Li Zile , Chen Peng , Zheng Guoxing , Hu Wei , Lu Yanqing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractConventional liquid‐crystal (LC) devices can only realize a single‐manipulation of optical amplitude or phase, which hinders the development of LC devices toward ultracompact multifunctional integration. Herein, it is shown LC devices can be readily extended to multifunctional ones without the cost of complex design and fabrication. Specifically, by combining Pancharatnam–Berry phase with orientation‐degeneracy implied in Malus's law, each operation‐unit of LC devices can manipulate the amplitude and phase of incident light separately, representing a new paradigm for designing innovative LC devices. A multifunctional LC device which can display a grayscale pattern right at the surface of LC, while simultaneously project an independent phase‐only holographic image in the far‐field is experimentally demonstrated. More interestingly, with the LC directors tilted with external applied voltages, a new degree‐of‐freedom is provided to modulate the spectral‐response of LC devices, contributing to the distinct function of optical switch. Owing to these unique characteristics of dual‐manipulations and spectrum‐tunability, the proposed multifunctional LCs have promising prospects in information multiplexing, optical communications, spectral measurements, etc.