bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of the psychedelic experience induced by N,N‐dimethyltryptamine – Implications for dose considerations
Authors: Eckernäs Emma , Timmermann Christopher , Carhart‐Harris Robin , Röshammar Daniel , Ashton Michael 
Published: September 2022

AbstractN,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a psychedelic compound that is believed to have potential as a therapeutic option in several psychiatric disorders. The number of clinical investigations with DMT is increasing. However, very little is known about the pharmacokinetic properties of DMT as well as any relationship between its exposure and effects. This study aimed to characterize population pharmacokinetics of DMT as well as the relationship between DMT plasma concentrations and its psychedelic effects as measured through subjective intensity ratings. Data were obtained from 13 healthy subjects after intravenous administration of DMT. The data were analyzed using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling in NONMEM. DMT plasma concentrations were described by a two‐compartment model with first‐order elimination leading to formation of the major metabolite indole 3‐acetic acid. The relationship between plasma concentrations and psychedelic intensity was described by an effect site compartment model with a sigmoid maximum effect (Emax) response. DMT clearance was estimated at 26 L/min, a high value indicating elimination of DMT to be independent of blood flow. Higher concentrations of DMT were associated with a more intense experience with the concentration of DMT at the effect site required to produce half of the maximum response estimated at 95 nM. The maximum achievable intensity rating was 10 and the simulated median maximum rating was zero, 2, 4, 8, and 9 after doses of 1, 4, 7, 14, and 20 mg, respectively. The model can be useful in predicting suitable doses for clinical investigations of DMT based on the desired intensity of the subjective experience.
Nutrition‐sensitive lockdowns: Conceptual framework and empirical insights from Africa during COVID‐19
Authors: Daum Thomas , Biesalski Hans Konrad , Blaschke Nikola , Bosch Christine , Güttler Denise , Heni Jakob , Kariuki Juliet , Katusiime Roseline , Seidel Anna , Senon Zinsou‐Narcisse , Woode George , Birner Regina 
Published: September 2022

SummaryMotivationCountries facing challenges of nutrition security confront a trade‐off when dealing with pandemics such as COVID‐19. Implementing lockdown measures, widely used worldwide, can help “flatten the curve” (of disease), but such measures may worsen nutrition security.PurposeWe aim to identify and justify nutrition‐sensitive lockdown measures to reduce trade‐offs with nutrition security.Methods and approachWe propose a conceptual framework which distinguishes eight lockdown measures and six pathways to nutrition security. To demonstrate the relevance of the pathways, we reviewed emerging literature on COVID‐19 and nutrition security. We analysed the content of 1188 newspaper articles on lockdown effects in five African countries: Benin, Ghana, Kenya, Uganda and Zambia.FindingsSome lockdown measures, such as closing workplaces and restricting movement, potentially worsen nutrition far more than others. Banning events and public gatherings have far less impact on nutrition. This can be seen from the framework, the academic literature, and is supported by the analysis of newspaper reports in the five countries.Policy implicationsIt is better, when possible, to test and trace disease than to lock down. But when lockdowns are needed, the first recourse should be to measures that have few nutritional consequences, such as banning public events. When more drastic measures are necessary, nutritional harm should be mitigated by, for example, exempting farm labour from restrictions on movement, by replacing school meals with take‐home rations, and, above all, providing income support to the most affected and most vulnerable households.
The diagnosis and management of suspected lymphoma in general practice
Authors: Paquin Ashley R. , Oyogoa Emmanuella , McMurry Hannah Stowe , Kartika Thomas , West Malinda , Shatzel Joseph J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWith rapid advancements in diagnosis and treatment of malignancies, the gap between generalists and subspecialists continues to widen, particularly in cancers like lymphoma where the spectrum of disease varies from indolent to rapidly progressive. Prior to establishing with a hematologist/oncologist, patients must be accurately and comprehensively diagnosed and managed for lymphoma in the generalist setting. In the following manuscript, we review the common clinical presentations in which should raise concern for lymphoma. We summarize the literature regarding the role of laboratory studies including complete blood count and peripheral blood flow cytometry, the recommendations for lymph node sampling, the role and selection of imaging modalities, and ideal patient monitoring for high‐risk clinical syndromes that may be encountered in lymphoma.
Mitigating grain growth in fully stabilized zirconia via a two‐step sintering strategy for esthetic dental restorations
Authors: Kim Boo Kyung , Yun Jong Hyuk , Jung Wook Ki , Lim Chek Hai , Zhang Yu , Kim Do Kyung 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOverall, 8‐mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (8YSZ), unlike 3YSZ, is optically transparent and stable against low‐temperature degradation but has insufficient mechanical properties due to its large grain size. The influence of the grain size of 8YSZ on mechanical properties was investigated to develop an 8YSZ suitable for dental restoration. Modulation of the grain size and relative density was achieved via a two‐step sintering (TSS) process, and the corresponding kinetic window was established. The conditions of TSS employed herein yielded a relative density of more than 99% while maintaining a small grain size of 0.75 µm. On the other hand, the highest biaxial strength and the highest total transmittance attained were 833 MPa and 34.6% (1‐mm‐ thick, 39.1% for a 0.5‐mm thick sample) in the TSS 8YSZ with a grain size of 1.25 µm. These results suggest that strength has improved only when grain size reduction and increased relative density are achieved at the same time. The results demonstrate that the ceramic processing method has a significant effect on the mechanical and optical properties of 8YSZ needed for dental restoration and provide a new insight that contrasts previous studies focused on the starting material.
Functionality of pasta enriched with pumpkin seed meal: cooking quality, techno‐functional properties, textural and structural characterisation
Authors: Raina Simran , Gupta Antima , Singh Arashdeep , Surasani Vijay Kumar Reddy , Sharma Savita 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe present investigation focuses on developing and evaluating the impact of pumpkin seed meal (PSM) supplementation at 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15.0% levels on the quality attributes of pasta. Results showed that the increase in level of PSM significantly (P < 0.05) influenced the functional properties of pasta blend, cooking profile, antioxidant potential, textural, and structural characteristics of the enriched pasta. With an increased PSM level, cooking time reduced significantly (P < 0.05) from 5.25 to 4.38 min; however, cooking loss increased from 5.23% to 11.70%. The addition of PSM resulted in a concomitant increase in the protein (11.46 to 20.91 g 100 g−1) content of pasta which in turn increased the pasta firmness (0.19 to 0.38 N) and lightness (L*). Total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant potential of the pasta increased significantly (P < 0.05). Pasta enriched with 9.0% of PSM exhibited the highest overall acceptability score. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds and protein in the pasta. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed modifications in the structural and morphological characteristics of PSM‐based pasta.
Do shadow economy, institutional regulatory framework, government stability, and corruption affect non‐performing banking loans in emerging market economies: A dynamic common correlated effect (DCCE) approach
Authors: Syed Aamir Aijaz , Kamal Muhammad Abdul , Ullah Assad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe banking sector of the emerging economies is continuously confronted with the puzzle of non‐performing loans (NPLs). To solve this puzzle, researchers have investigated various determinants of non‐performing loans; however, the issue persists. The current study explores the impact of the shadow economy, institutional regulatory framework, government stability, and corruption on NPLs among emerging economies from the period 2000–2017. We have employed a novel dynamic common correlated effect (DCCE) model to estimate the long‐term relationship, which produces reliable estimates in the presence of cross‐sectional dependence (CSD). We found that the shadow economy, institutional regulatory framework, and government stability negatively influence NPLs, whereas corruption is positively associated with NPLs. It implies that a 1 per cent increase in the shadow economy, institutional regulatory framework, and government stability reduces NPLs by 0.06 per cent, 0.81 per cent, and 1.87 per cent in emerging countries. The study also highlights that ignoring the issue of CSD in panel data provides unreliable estimates. It is an original work and provides reliable estimates in understanding the implication of shadow economy, institutional regulation, and corruption on NPLs among emerging countries. Besides, the findings of our study also offer several policy implications.
Effect of network connectivity on behavior of synthetic Broborg hillfort glasses
Authors: Marcial José , Cicconi Maria Rita , Pearce Carolyn I. , Kloužek Jaroslav , Neeway James J. , Pokorný Richard , Vernerová Miroslava , McCloy John S. , Nienhuis Emily T. , Sjöblom Rolf , Weaver Jamie L. , Hand Russell J. , Hrma Pavel , Neuville Daniel R. , Kruger Albert A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is wide industrial interest in developing robust models of long‐term (>100 years) glass durability. Archeological glass analogs, glasses of similar composition, and alteration conditions to those being tested for durability can be used to evaluate and inform such models. Two such analog glasses from a 1500‐year‐old vitrified hillfort near Uppsala, Sweden have previously been identified as potential analogs for low concentration Fe‐bearing aluminosilicate nuclear waste glasses. However, open questions remain regarding the melting environment from which these historic glasses were formed and the effect of these conditions on their chemical durability. A key factor to answering the previous melting and durability questions is the redox state of Fe in the starting and final materials. Past work has shown that the melting conditions of a glass‐forming melt may influence the redox ratio value (Fe+3/∑Fe), a measure of a glass's redox state, and both melting conditions and the redox ratio may influence the glass alteration behavior. Synthetic analogs of the hillfort glasses have been produced using either fully oxidized or reduced Fe precursors to address this question.In this study, the melting behavior, glass transition temperature, oxidation state, network structure, and chemical durability of these synthesized glass analogs is presented. Resulting data suggests that the degree of network connectivity as impacted by the oxidation state of iron impacted the behavior of the glass‐forming melt but in this case does not affect the chemical durability of the final glass. Glasses with a lower degree of melt connectivity were found to have a lower viscosity, resulting in a lower glass transition temperature and softening temperature, as well as in a lower temperature of foam onset and temperature of foam maximum. This lower degree of network connectivity most likely played a more significant role in accelerating the conversion of batch chemicals into glass than the presence of water vapor in the furnace's atmosphere. Future work will focus on using the results from this work with outcomes from other aspects of this project to evaluate long‐term glass alteration models.
Utilization of pomegranate peel extract as antifungal coating agent against Fusarium oxysporum on tomatoes
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Azam Muhammad , Ahmad Tanveer , Akhtar Saeed , Hussain Majid , Nasir Saba , Ain Qurat Ul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe shelf life of tomato is limited due to its perishable nature. The fruit is highly susceptible to fungal attack such as Fusarium oxysporum. The edible coating has been used to enhance the postharvest life of different food products. The present study was designed for the development of edible antifungal coating on tomato fruit using pomegranate peel extract in combination with chitosan. Pomegranate peel extract was obtained from pomegranate peel using water distillation method. The antifungal coating was prepared with different concentrations of pomegranate peel extract (To, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 for 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5%) respectively. Coated tomatoes were subjected to physicochemical, microbial, and sensory analysis during storage. The firmness and lycopene content were decreased during storage. However, the coated tomatoes have more firmness and lycopene content than uncoated tomatoes. Maximum weight loss was observed for To (6.22 ± 0.07%) after 21 days. Lycopene content of coated tomato were improved during storage as compare with uncoated samples. Maximum total plate count was observed for To (6.11 ± 0.07 CFU/g) and minimum was observed for T5 (2.11 ± 0.08 CFU/g). All the treatments were significantly effective to control total plate count and mold count in comparison with the control. The coating materials did not affect the sensory profile of tomatoes. Pomegranate peel extract was proved effective antimicrobial coating material for tomatoes. The study will pave way for the researchers to use coating material for fruits based on the fruit waste.Practical applicationsFruit waste‐based edible coating can prevent postharvest losses in fruits and vegetables. Pomegranate peel extract and chitosan have shown potential to reduce postharvest losses in tomatoes. PPE‐based coating has antimicrobial activity against Fusarium oxysporum. The edible coating can help to reduce qualitative and safety issues in tomatoes during storage. It may be used as a replacement of synthetic preservatives in tomatoes.
Investigation on the effects of drying methods on the structure and antioxidant activity of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides using asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation
Authors: Guo Yuxi , Sun Yushan , Chen Xue , Ye Hong , Dou Haiyang 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPolysaccharide is an important bioactive component in Tremella fuciformis (T. fuciformis). In this study, the effects of three drying methods (i.e., vacuum freeze‐drying, microwave drying, and hot air drying) on the structure in terms of molecular weight (Mw) and radius of gyration, and conformation of T. fuciformis polysaccharide (TFP) were investigated by asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation coupled online with multiangle light scattering and differential refractive index detectors. The physicochemical properties of TFPs were studied by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the structure‐antioxidation relationship of TFPs was investigated. Results revealed that three drying methods did not significantly affect functional groups, crystal structure, and thermal property of TFPs but led to some differences in the morphology and Mw of TFPs. The TFP obtained by microwave drying had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, which could be attributed to low Mw.Novelty impact statementThe three drying methods (i.e., vacuum freeze‐drying, microwave drying, and hot air drying) studied in this work did not affect the functional groups and thermal properties of T. fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPs), but significantly affected the morphology of TFP granules and the Mw distribution of TFP molecules. TFP‐M had the smallest Mw (1.36 ± 0.10 × 107 g/mol), which could be beneficial to its DPPH radical scavenging activity.
Effects of State‐Dependent Forward Guidance, Large‐Scale Asset Purchases, and Fiscal Stimulus in a Low‐Interest‐Rate Environment
Authors: COENEN GÜNTER , MONTES‐GALDÓN CARLOS , SMETS FRANK 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe study the incidence and severity of periods with a binding effective lower bound on nominal interest rates and the efficacy of three types of state‐dependent policies—forward guidance about the path of future interest rates, large‐scale asset purchases, and spending‐based fiscal stimulus—in mitigating the detrimental consequences of the lower bound for macro‐economic stability. Based on the ECB's New Area‐Wide Model of the euro area, our findings suggest that, if left unaddressed, the lower bound can cause substantial macro‐economic distortions. In the near term, forward guidance, if fully credible, is most powerful and can largely undo these distortions. A combination of imperfectly credible forward guidance, asset purchases, and fiscal stimulus is almost equally effective, especially when asset purchases enhance the credibility of the forward‐guidance policy via a signaling effect. In the long run, with an equilibrium real rate as low as zero, a combination of all three policies is needed to materially reduce the distortions.
Systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression to determine the effects of patient education on health behaviour change in adults diagnosed with coronary heart disease
Authors: Shi Wendan , Ghisi Gabriela L. M. , Zhang Ling , Hyun Karice , Pakosh Maureen , Gallagher Robyn 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo assess the effectiveness of educational interventions and the relative effect of intervention duration on secondary prevention health behaviours in adults with coronary heart disease.BackgroundPatient education can reduce disease progression and improve outcomes. However, there is a lack of knowledge of its efficacy and the relative impact of education duration on health behaviour change in this population.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsSeven electronic databases and grey literature were searched from Inception to July 2021. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines. This meta‐analysis was analysed in Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis version 3 software. Outcomes considered were disease knowledge and health behavioural outcomes. Data were pooled together with random‐effects models using the inverse‐variance method. The effect of education duration (<3 vs. ≥3 months) was examined by meta‐regressions.ResultsIn summary, 73 studies were included with a total of participants (n = 24,985) aged mean of 60.5 ± 5.7 years and mostly male (72.5%). Patient education improved all behaviours including disease knowledge at <6 and 6–12 months follow‐up, the likelihood of quitting smoking at <6, and 6–12 months, medication adherence at <6 and 6–12 months; physical activity and exercise participation at <6 and 6–12 months and healthy dietary behaviours, at <6 and 6–12 months. Furthermore, education programmes with a longer duration (≥3 months) improved disease knowledge and physical activity more than shorter programmes.ConclusionPatient education for secondary prevention, in various delivery modes and intensities, improves multiple self‐reported health behaviours in patients with coronary heart disease.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study assessed the effectiveness of secondary prevention education and demonstrated improvements in all outcomes in this population. Longer duration programmes were more effective in improving disease knowledge and physical activity in the long term. These findings can assist the cardiac programmes’ design, particularly in ensuring sufficient intervention duration.
A dynamic view on work‐related perfectionism: Antecedents at work and implications for employee well‐being
Authors: Mohr Monique , Venz Laura , Sonnentag Sabine 
Published: September 2022

AbstractLittle is known about the role of perfectionism in employees' daily work. Our study aimed to provide a fine‐grained view on perfectionism in work life by examining daily work‐related perfectionism in terms of perfectionistic strivings and concerns. Drawing on whole trait theory and the principle of trait activation, we investigated experienced time pressure and criticism at work as antecedents of daily work‐related perfectionism and in turn its implications for vigour and negative affect. In the course of two working weeks, 72 employees completed surveys three times per day, resulting in a total of 461 days of data. Multilevel path modelling showed that daily time pressure was positively related to both perfectionistic strivings and concerns, and that criticism was positively related to perfectionistic concerns. Daily work‐related perfectionistic strivings were positively indirectly related to vigour at bedtime via vigour at the end of the workday. Daily work‐related perfectionistic concerns were positively indirectly related to bedtime negative affect via end‐of‐workday negative affect. Our study shows that employees' daily experiences at work relate to within‐person fluctuations in work‐related perfectionism, which in turn matter for well‐being both at work and at home. We conclude that a dynamic view broadens the understanding of perfectionism at work.
In vitro assessment of probiotic properties of Pseudomonas entomophilaCOFCAU_PEP4 isolated from Labeo rohita intestine
Authors: Khan Md. Idrish R. , Choudhury Tanmoy G. , Kamilya Dibyendu 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAssessment of beneficial properties by in vitro approaches forms the basis of selection of a potential probiotic. Moreover, bacterial strains of autochthonous origin are considered more useful than strains from allochthonous sources. In this study, a bacterial strain Pseudomonas entomophila COFCAU_PEP4, isolated from the intestine of Indian major carp rohu (Labeo rohita), was evaluated for its probiotic potential using a range of in vitro tests, along with safety assessment. The strain showed antagonistic activity against 12 pathogenic indicator bacteria and tolerance to a wide range of pH (2–9) and bile salt concentrations (up to 10%). The strain also demonstrated significant in vitro adhesion properties, including mucosal adherence, auto‐aggregation capacity, and bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity. Besides being non‐hemolytic, the strain COFCAU_PEP4 was able to produce extracellular enzymes and showed free radical scavenging potential. An experimental challenge study revealed the strain COFCAU_PEP4 as safe for L. rohita. Taken together, the in vitro and safety assessments demonstrated the probiotic potential of the strain P. entomophila COFCAU_PEP4 isolated from an autochthonous source.
Multiple paternity in the Asp viper
Authors: Nanni Geser S. , Ursenbacher S. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMany male reptiles maximize their reproductive success by mating with multiple females. This behaviour has often been observed in female reptiles as well, although one mating would usually be sufficient to fertilize the available female eggs. Using 13 microsatellite markers, multiple paternity (MP) was confirmed for the first time in the asp viper (Vipera aspis) in 47% of the tested clutches, with only up to two different fathers. Phenotypic characteristics (length, weight) of the mother did not influence the number of sires, and the number of young did not differ between litters with one or two sires. Males that sired offspring were larger than males that did not successfully reproduce. Excluding an exceptionally long‐distance movement (2464 m), the distance between fathers and mothers was limited (127 m ± 162). Although males exhibit notable combat behaviour during the breeding season, there was no sexual size dimorphism in the study population.