bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
780 Quality Improvement of the Road Rash Patient
Authors: Sturges Mariah , Bregg Jason M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Introduction
What is road rash? “Road rash is a unique burn injury due to imbedded foreign debris and deeply seeded bacteria. Literature on this injury fails to address its unique mechanism and ways to reduce scarring and infection.” (Collier 2020) In the study they found that road rash was not an easy subject to find information on. They did a systematic study to see what information was readily available on road rash. They found that only 24 pertinent articles were found.
Our policies and procedures are based on that of the American Burn Association within the Burn Center. When creating the Road Rash protocol. Use used the same transfer criteria that the American Burn Association identifies. As for the trauma aspect we have covered by ensuring that the trauma is ruled out by a hospital in our network before coming to our center to treat the wound.

Methods
We began to notice that most of the road rash patients that were transferred to us, had not gotten proper care in the outside hospital. The situation would be a patient who should have been directly transferred to us, came to the outpatient clinic where we then would have to perform a very painful dressing change that would have been avoided with the proper methods of transfer and education. We first gathered the data of the transfers that had not gone correctly.
The data that we are looking at for our road rash patients are as follows; TBSA , depth of injury. Location of injury, age, socioeconomic status, type of dressing used, and photos taken before transfer.
We had used data from the year 2019- March of 2021. Total amount was 5 patients. Of these patients 0/5 had proper dressings. correct TBSA, or were transferred properly.
We then gathered our information and spent time hitting our trauma centers within our network. We gave presentations to the emergency department members.
From there we created a list for when we saw the patients in our inpatient unit or our clinic. We wanted to look at the care done before coming to the burn center and what we actually did at the burn center. We looked at TBSA, Location of injury, Age, type of dressing and if there were photos taken

Results
The resulted we wanted to show us if our teaching at these hospitals were effective. Of the 12 patients seen all the patients had the correct dressings on for the time of follow-up, 7/12 had pictures taken for the EMR. All 12 also had the right criteria for transfer or to follow-up in the clinic. The last result of the TBSA was not done correctly on all 12 of the patients.

Conclusions
In conclusion, This project had positive results in the fact that the teach was affective for the dressing changes and taking pre admission photos. We even saw an increase in the number of road rash patients we treated from 2019-2021. The negative results being the improper calculation of TBSA. This showed us where we need to adjust for the next presentations.
Fine-tuning the Ex Ante Approach to Regulating Data Combination Practices
Authors: Yan Xingyu , He Huaiwen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Antitrust in digital markets is gravitating towards ex ante regulation. This is prompted by growing concerns for user data exploitation and rival foreclosure on the part of big tech platforms. One particular area embodying such concerns pertains to data combination practices—more specifically, within-conglomerate data sharing, where data collection is scaled up in digital ecosystems and monetized through avenues such as attention brokerage. A recent effort to address such concerns is Article 5(a) of the Digital Markets Act proposal, which imposes a proscriptive obligation on gatekeeper platforms. This article rationalizes this ex ante approach to tackling exploitative data combination and highlights the need for further ex ante competition-enhancing measures that deal with the markets dominated by gatekeepers. Two directions are worth exploring: ecosystems compatibility and data as labour. Both underscore the importance of end users’ right to data portability.
Superior mesenteric artery thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia and Clostridium Difficle
Authors: Maniar Yesha , Hashmi Hassan , Silverstein Jeffrey , Chung Christine , Kella Venkata , Goparaju Anirudha 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
COVID-19, a novel respiratory viral illness, has spread globally and led to over 111 million cases worldwide. Most commonly, patients present with respiratory symptoms, and those with increased severity progress to acute hypoxic respiratory failure. Additionally, a portion of patients are noted to have coagulopathy and are considered to be at an increased risk for thromboembolic events. In this article, we present a unique case of a patient with severe abdominal pain in the setting of COVID-19 pneumonia and community acquired Clostridium difficile, found to have superior mesenteric artery thrombosis requiring exploratory laparotomy, thrombectomy and small bowel resection.
Infected mediastinal cysts following endobronchial ultrasound guided biopsy—a case series
Authors: Mohamed Saifullah , Patel Akshay J , Mehdi Rana , Menon Ashvini , Steyn Richard , Bishay Ehab 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mediastinal cysts are commonly an incidental finding simulating a benign or malignant diagnosis. Infection is a recognised complication of mediastinal cyst and therefore early surgical management is essential. Endobronchial ultrasound guided biopsy (EBUS) has been used to diagnose and manage mediastinal cyst. We present a case series of three patients who presented with sepsis following diagnostic EBUS of mediastinal cyst. We would recommend that EBUS guided biopsy be applied cautiously if there is a high suspicion of mediastinal cyst to avoid post procedural infection, which can thus complicate any future therapeutic options.
Pretreatment Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Drug Resistance Among Treatment-Naive Infants Newly Diagnosed With HIV in 2016 in Namibia: Results of a Nationally Representative Study
Authors: Jordan Michael R , Bikinesi Leonard , Ashipala Laimi , Mutenda Nicholus , Brantuo Mary , Hunt Gillian , Shiningavamwe Andreas , Mutandi Gram , Beukes Anita , Beard Suzanne , Battey Katherine , Dziuban Eric J , Raizes Elliot , Adjei Paul , Tang Alice , Giron Amalia , Hong Steven Y 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends routine surveillance of pretreatment human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance (HIVDR) in children &lt;18 months of age diagnosed with HIV through early infant diagnosis (EID). In 2016, 262 children &lt;18 months of age were diagnosed with HIV in Namibia through EID. Levels of HIVDR in this population are unknown.

Methods
In 2016, Namibia surveyed pretreatment HIVDR among children aged &lt;18 months following WHO guidance. Reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase regions of HIV-1 were genotyped from remnant dried blood spot specimens from all infants diagnosed with HIV in Namibia in 2016. HIVDR was predicted using the Stanford HIVdb algorithm.

Results
Of 262 specimens genotyped, 198 HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase sequences and 118 HIV-1 integrase sequences were successfully amplified and analyzed. The prevalence of efavirenz/nevirapine (EFV/NVP), abacavir (ABC), zidovudine, lamivudine/emtricitabine (3TC/FTC), and tenofovir (TDF) resistance was 62.6%, 17.7%, 5.6%, 15.7%, and 10.1%, respectively. No integrase inhibitor resistance was detected.

Conclusions
The high level of EFV/NVP resistance is unsurprising; however, levels of ABC and TDF resistance are among the highest observed to date in infants in sub-Saharan Africa. The absence of resistance to dolutegravir (DTG) is reassuring but underscores the need to further study the impact of ABC and 3TC/FTC resistance on pediatric protease inhibitor– and DTG-based regimens and accelerate access to other antiretroviral drugs. Results underscore the need for antiretroviral therapy optimization and prompt management of high viral loads in infants and pregnant and breastfeeding women.
Liquidity Risk and Funding Cost
Authors: Bechtel Alexander , Ranaldo Angelo , Wrampelmeyer Jan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe propose and test a new channel that links liquidity risk and interest rates in short-term funding markets. Unlike existing theories that focus on premiums demanded by lenders, the liquidity risk channel postulates that borrowers that are more exposed to urgent liquidity needs are willing to pay a markup for immediate funding. We test and quantify the channel using unique trade-by-trade data and uncover systematic differences across individual banks’ funding cost driven by differences in banks’ liquidity risk. These differences are persistent over a decade, suggesting that the liquidity risk channel is relevant in general and not only arises during crisis times.
Giants on Clay Feet—COVID-19, infection control and public health laboratory networks in England, the USA and (West-)Germany (1945–2020)
Authors: Kirchhelle Claas 
Published: March 2022

Summary
In early 2020, COVID-19 exposed differences in public health laboratory systems’ testing abilities. Focusing on Germany, the USA and the UK between 1900 and 2020, this article argues that studying the distinct evolution of laboratory infrastructures is critical to understanding the history of infection control and the limits of template-based reforms in global health. While each analysed laboratory infrastructure was shaped by a unique national context, neoliberal visions of lean public services and declining resources led to significant reform pressure from the 1970s. The US Center of Disease Control’s model of epidemic intelligence provided an attractive template to integrate resources and focus planning on preparedness scenarios. It also helped justify cuts to local laboratory infrastructures. Effects were uneven: in the USA and the UK, improved integration failed to compensate for local laboratory cuts and loss of autonomy. By contrast, Germany’s subsidiary principle allowed for limited federal integration while leaving local services mostly intact.
Plant-Microbiota Interactions in Abiotic Stress Environments
Authors: Omae Natsuki , Tsuda Kenichi 
Published: March 2022

Abiotic stress adversely affects cellular homeostasis and ultimately impairs plant growth, posing a serious threat to agriculture. Climate change modeling predicts increasing occurrences of abiotic stresses such as drought and extreme temperature, resulting in decreasing the yields of major crops such as rice, wheat, and maize, which endangers food security for human populations. Plants are associated with diverse and taxonomically structured microbial communities that are called the plant microbiota. Plant microbiota often assist plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance by providing water and nutrients to plants and modulating plant metabolism and physiology and, thus, offer the potential to increase crop production under abiotic stress. In this review, we summarize recent progress on how abiotic stress affects plants, microbiota, plant-microbe interactions, and microbe-microbe interactions, and how microbes affect plant metabolism and physiology under abiotic stress conditions, with a focus on drought, salt, and temperature stress. We also discuss important steps to utilize plant microbiota in agriculture under abiotic stress. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Fractional CO2 Laser-Assisted Delivery Versus Intralesional Injection of Methotrexate in Psoriatic Nails
Authors: Alakad Rania , Nassar Amany , Atef Hadeel , Eldeeb Fatma 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Nail psoriasis has a major negative impact on physical and psychological aspects of the patient's life. Treatment is often unsatisfactory because of difficult penetration of the drug into the nail.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate and compare the efficacy of laser-assisted delivery of methotrexate versus its intralesional injection in fingernail psoriasis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-eight patients with fingernail psoriasis were divided into 2 groups of 14 patients each. Group A was treated with intralesional injection of methotrexate while Group B received fractional CO2 laser followed by topical application of methotrexate. The treatment was given at a 2-week interval for 6 sessions. The improvement of nail psoriasis was assessed by clinical and dermoscopic evaluation.

RESULTS
At the end of treatment, both laser-assisted delivery and intralesional injection of methotrexate were associated with statistically significant improvement of psoriatic signs. No statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups regarding total nail psoriasis severity Index (p = .18), matrix score (p = .38), bed score (p = .23), and dermoscopic score (p = .78). However, the pain and subungual hematoma were significantly less in the laser group (p < .001 and p = .03, respectively).

CONCLUSION
Fractional CO2 laser-assisted delivery of methotrexate can be an effective and well-tolerated alternative to intralesional injection in nail psoriasis.
Tranexamic Acid Microinjection Alone Versus Its Combination With Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser in Melasma Treatment: A Dermoscopic Evaluation
Authors: Tawfic Shereen O. , Abdel Hay Rania M. , Abouelazm Dina I. , Said Eman R. 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Melasma is a challenging pigmentation disorder.

OBJECTIVE
To assess and compare the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) intradermal microinjection alone versus its combination with low-power, low-density fractional CO2 laser in a sequential pattern in melasma.

Patients and Methods
This study included 29 patients with melasma. Half of the face was randomly assigned to fractional CO2 laser; the other half to TXA. This split-face session was repeated every 6 weeks for 3 sessions. In between, TXA was applied to the full face every 2 weeks. Treatment duration was 4 months. Dermoscopy, melanin index (M.I), and erythema index (E.I) were evaluated at baseline and 4 weeks after the last session.

RESULTS
Melanin index, E.I, total dermoscopic score and different dermoscopic patterns of pigmentation, and vascular features showed significant reduction posttreatment on both sides of the face. No statistically significant difference was found regarding the degree and percentage of improvement in M.I, E.I, and total dermoscopic score between both sides.

CONCLUSION
Tranexamic acid microinjection alone or combined with low-power, low-density fractional CO2 laser in a sequential pattern are comparatively effective and safe for melasma treatment; however, combined treatment is recommended. Dermoscopy is an essential noninvasive tool in the assessment of melasma and monitoring patients' response to treatment.
Evaluation of the Demographic and Clinical Features of Patients With Digital Myxoid Pseudocysts and Their Response to Treatment
Authors: Güldiken Gaye , Göktay Fatih , Atış Güldehan , Güneş Pembegül 
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
Digital myxoid pseudocysts (DMPs) are the most common benign degenerative lesions of the nail unit. There is currently no consensus regarding first-line treatments for DMPs.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate demographic and clinical features and treatment methods of DMP and examine recurrence rates and factors that may affect recurrence.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
All patients in the authors' clinic who were diagnosed with DMP between 2013 and 2020 were included. Treatment methods were categorized as surgical excision (SE), drainage and compression (DC), simple drainage (SD), and no treatment. Responses and recurrence rates after different treatment methods were investigated.

RESULTS
Fifty-one lesions from 48 patients were included. Thirty-two lesions were treated with SE, 11 with DC, and 1 with SD, while 7 lesions were left untreated. The initial complete response rate after SE was significantly higher than that after DC. No statistically significant difference was found between the recurrence rates of the 2 treatment methods. Using intra-articular methylene blue during SE did not seem to affect recurrence rates.

CONCLUSION
Drainage and compression seems to be a safe and effective first-line treatment option for DMPs located on the proximal nail fold and distal interphalangeal joint. SE is more favorable as a second-line treatment.
PERIPHERAL CHOROIDAL THICKNESS DETERMINED BY WIDE-FIELD OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN EYES WITH CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Nishihara Soichiro , Maruko Ichiro , Izumi Takahiko , Kawano Taizo , Iida Tomohiro 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To determine the central and peripheral choroidal thickness in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and to compare these thicknesses values with those of control normal eyes.

Methods:
Wide-field optical coherence tomographic images of 24 eyes of 19 patients with CSC and 14 normal eyes of 7 individuals were recorded. A 20-mm vertical scan through the fovea was obtained with the Xephilio optical coherence tomographic S1 (Canon, Japan), a wide-field optical coherence tomographic device. The subfoveal choroidal thickness and the thickness at 5 mm superior (S5) and inferior (I5), 7 mm superior (S7) and inferior (I7), 8.5 mm superior (S8) and inferior (I8), and 10 mm superior (S10) and inferior (I10) from the fovea in the CSC eyes and normal eyes were compared.

Results:
There was no significant difference in the age (P = 0.8) or the refractive error (P = 0.7) between the CSC and normal eyes. The choroidal thickness was significantly thicker in the eyes with CSC than that in the normal eyes at subfoveal choroidal thickness (P < 0.01), S5 (P = 0.01), and S7 (P = 0.02). However, there was no significant difference in the choroidal thickness at the more peripheral points (all P > 0.1).

Conclusion:
The thickened choroid in CSC was observed at the fovea and the area just superior to the fovea. The pathogenesis of CSC may be associated with the choroidal thickening confined to the fovea and superior foveal area.
COMPARISON OF SURGEON MUSCULAR PROPERTIES BETWEEN STANDARD OPERATING MICROSCOPE AND DIGITALLY ASSISTED VITREORETINAL SURGERY SYSTEMS
Authors: Park Su Jin , Hwang Jong-Moon , Jae Jin Park Eugene , Shin Jae Pil , Park Dong Ho 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
To quantitatively analyze surgical ergonomics between standard operating microscope (SOM) and digitally assisted vitreoretinal surgery (DAVS) systems.

Methods:
The surgeon conducted procedures on 110 patients; 52 patients underwent a combined phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy (Phaco-PPV group, 24 using SOM and 28 using DAVS), and 58 patients underwent phacoemulsification (Phaco group, 30 using SOM and 28 using DAVS). The surgeon's muscle tone and stiffness in the sternocleidomastoid and the two positions of the upper trapezius (UT), which are 2-cm intervals along the UT muscle fibers, UT1 and UT2, were measured at preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative time points.

Results:
In the Phaco-PPV group using the SOM, intraoperative muscle tone and stiffness were higher than preoperative and postoperative values in the sternocleidomastoid (P < 0.001, respectively), UT1 (P < 0.001, respectively), and UT2 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). In the Phaco group using the SOM, intraoperative muscle tone and stiffness were higher than pre- and postoperative values in the sternocleidomastoid (P < 0.001, respectively) and UT1 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). By contrast, when the surgeon used the DAVS, there were no differences in muscle properties at any measurement site or during any time point in the Phaco-PPV and Phaco groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study provides quantitative measurement of retina surgeon ergonomics, suggesting that compared with a SOM, the DAVS can reduce intraoperative muscle fatigue.
Influence of Posterior Corneal Asphericity On Power Calculation Error After Laser In Situ Keratomileusis or Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Rabinovich Mark , Aramburu del Boz Ana , Birk Ulla , Al Khatib Danial , Shoham-Hazon Nir , Bovet Jerome 
Published: March 2022

Objectives:
To assess the impact of posterior corneal asphericity on postoperative calculation error using the Haigis-L and the Barrett formulas for eyes after laser in situ keratomileusis or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods:
We assessed the mean absolute error (MAE) of two power calculation formulas, Barrett true-K and Haigis-L formulas, in a retrospective analysis of 34 eyes of 34 patients who underwent cataract surgery. We performed a regression analysis between corneal parameters (anterior and posterior Q values, Kmax, K1, and K2) and the MAE of each formula.

Results:
In the cohort, 11 eyes were of women and 23 of men. The average age of the study population was 66.5±8.6 years. The mean axial length was 24±4.7 mm, the mean anterior chamber depth was 3.27±0.7 mm, and the mean posterior Q-value was −0.15±0.28. The MAE of Haigis-L and Barrett true-K formulas were 0.72 and 0.68, respectively (P=0.54). The regression analysis showed a statistically significant relationship only between the error in refraction prediction and the posterior Q-value regardless of the formula used. The coefficient of determination was higher for the Barrett true-K formula (r=0.52; R2=0.28; P<0.05), compared with the Haigis-L (r=0.49; R2=0.25; P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Posterior corneal surface asphericity influences the refractive error of calculation using both Haigis-L and Barrett true-K formulas for eyes after a myopic PRK or laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery.
Role of Different Types of Contact Lenses in Epithelial Thickness
Authors: Abdolalizadeh Parya , Karimi Morteza , Latifi Golshan , Nouri Leila , Hashemian Mohammad-Naser , Hashemian Hesam , Mehrpour Mohammad , Alipour Fateme 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
To evaluate the potential role of different types of contact lenses, such as soft (SCL), hard (HCL), and mini scleral (SCCL), in corneal epithelial thickness with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, patients who used contact lens at recent 6 months were recruited consecutively from September 2019 to October 2019, and the epithelial thicknesses of the cornea were obtained by AS-OCT and compared with control subjects who did not use contact lens.

Results:
In total, 184 eyes (115 subjects) were included; of them, 75 eyes were keratoconic (KCN) and 109 eyes were nonkeratoconic (non-KCN). Twenty eyes in KCN and 79 eyes of non-KCN group had no history of contact lens use and were included for comparison with KCN and non-KCN contact lens users, respectively. Mean duration of contact lens wearing was 75.63±50.42 months. The epithelial thickness of non-KCN SCL group was thinner than that of non-KCN control subjects all over the cornea, whereas the epithelium of non-KCN HCL was thinner at central site as well as nasal and temporal paracentral and midperipheral areas. Epithelial thickness of the KCN HCL group was not different from the KCN control subjects in all sectors. The KCN SCCL group had thinner epithelium at nearly all peripheral sectors as well as inferior, inferotemporal, inferonasal, and nasal midperipheral sectors compared with KCN control subjects.

Conclusion:
The corneal epithelium was thinner at the peripheral zones in KCN SCCL users; at both peripheral and central zones in non-KCN SCL users and in central zones in non-KCN HCL users.