bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity-pregnancy and Associated Risk Factors- A Cross Sectional Study in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Qureshi Ambreen , Dars Saira , Sarah Bibi , Shaikh Hazoora , Joyo Yasmeen , Praveen Saira , Ahmer Arslan 
Published: February 2022

Background: The incidence of obesity between pregnant females in Pakistan is increasing, and has been a greater burden on the obstetric care, the objective of this study is to analyze the effect of obesity on pregnancy and newborn fetus.
Methodology: This is the cross-sectional comparative study, of 200 pregnant females, bearing single fetus, Females were characterized into three groups depending on their body mass index (BMI): class 1 (BMI 30–34 kg/m2); Class II (BMI 35-39.9 kg/m2) and; Class III (BMI ˃40 kg/m2). Maternal and fetal outcomes were assessed using Chi-square and student’s t- test.
Results: Total study population was 200 out of which 65% females were in class I obese (BMI 30–34), while 24.5% in class II obese (BMI 35–39.9kg/m2), while 5% of them in obesity class III, , The obesity shows significant association with pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, and Urinary tract infections, in all three groups p = 0.0001, The relationship for perineal tears was found non-significant, p .0.51, among all three obese classes, Obesity and episiotomy has significant relation P. 0.002. The method of delivery has strongly significant correlation with obesity, the p value is 0.005.
Conclusion: Pregnant females who are obese have an enhanced hazard of poor gestation results. Specifically, obese pregnant females are having more chances to develop diabetes during pregnancy, hypertension induced by pregnancy, and urinary tract infections. Appropriate strategic plans should be made to decrease the occurrence of obesity in pregnant women for better pregnancy outcome.
Review on Digital Orthodontics
Authors: Shelke Dhanashri Dhananjay , Jadhav Vikrant Vishwas , Jaiswal Ayushi , Gandhi Vaishnavi 
Published: February 2022

Digital technology had a significant impact on our life since the introduction and sophistication of modern days. Medical diagnosis, teaching tools, treatment modalities and surgical techniques were improved significantly with the help of digital technology in the last two decades. Our review study is based on the orthodontic treatment, which is useful to study precisely the study to achieve proper analysis, and perfect diagnosis. It is now commonplace to perform virtual treatment planning as well as translates the plans into treatment execution with digitally driven appliance manufacture and its placement using various CAD/CAM techniques from printed models, indirect bonding trays and custom-made brackets. furthermore, it became more possible to remote monitor treatment and control it.
The field of orthodontics in its new era is venturing ahead to more up-to-date technological point of view. Digital technology has a significant effect on our lives ever since the modernization of mobile phones. The advances in technology have remodelled the diagnosis and treatment plan in the field of medicine. Digital workflows are currently increasing in the orthodontic practice and has touched every aspect of orthodontics - with transformations in the documentation, study casts, analysis of a dental malocclusion, smile designing, treatment planning and for fabrication of orthodontic appliances.
Three-dimensional imaging of the dentition, skeletal components and the face allows for treatment planning in three dimension and use of computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) for customization of orthodontic appliances. Software integration of digital models, 3D facial imaging, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) make it possible to simulate the treatment plan and to attain good communication with the patients. Recent advancement in digital videography has allowed the clinicians to capture patient's speech, oral and pharyngeal function, and smile at the same time [1].
Effective and optimal tooth movement required for the patient can also be monitored with the digitalization. Moreover, this digital platform has created the advantage of accessing the patient's information from any location with the help of cloud-based computing storage systems. These advancements have improved the efficiency, accuracy, consistency, and predictability of the treatment outcomes and have also led to progress in educational component and communication. The digitalization is bringing about a revolutionary change in the field of diagnosis and treatment planning, posing a challenge to clinical efficiency and knowledge.
A Study to Determine an Association between ABO Blood Groups and Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Mulkalwar Sarita , Elavia Zenia Aadil , Chaklader Biswajit , Patil Tushar , Patel Abhi , Jadhav Sudhir Laxman , Tilak A. V. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The Coronavirus pandemic has led millions to succumb to the disease across the world, and overwhelmed the health care system. In this study we aimed at identifying whether the risk of Covid-19 infection is associated with ABO blood groups.
Methods: We obtained data of 7056 Covid-19 confirmed cases from Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Hospital, Pune.
Results: The results showed that a significantly higher proportion of individuals with blood group A and AB tested positive for Covid-19, while a significantly lower proportion of individuals with O blood group tested positive for the same disease.
Conclusion: Routine ABO testing of Covid-19 patients could guide in decision-making and management of Covid-19.
Review on Different Methods of Serum Bilirubin Estimation
Authors: Spandana M. , Vagha Jayant 
Published: February 2022

It is quite essential to estimate serum bilirubin in neonates with jaundice. The early prediction of jaundice is usually by observing the yellowish colour of the skin. Various methods of estimation of bilirubin have been developed and used for assessing the risk of jaundice.
Jaundice is the common neonatal problem, that with the timely diagnosis, effective treatment and proper counselling to the mother can decrease the neonatal morbidity. Proper neonatal examination, breastfeeding advice to the mother, identifying the high risk groups, proper history elicitation, quick diagnosis and early intervention can reduce the incidence of jaundice and also prevent long term complications. The main goal is to prevent the risk of severe hyperbilirubinemia and for prevention of kernicterus. Hence there is a need for a sensitive, rapid and a reliable method for the assessment of serum bilirubin. These methods include both invasive and non-invasive analysis. Invasive methods involve estimation of serum bilirubin by obtaining a plasma or serum sample and non-invasive include the assessment of bilirubin using various instruments without the requirement of blood sample from the neonate.
As the invasive method of bilirubin estimation needs more time for analysis to yield a result, many non invasive methods are being studied to find an effective tool which can give fast and accurate results ,thus making it an effective screening tool. This review article throws light on the different methods of estimating bilirubin levels in a neonate.
A Comparison of Haematological Parameters of Obese Individual and Non-Obese at Omisanjana Area of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Rashid Huba K. , Okafor Chukwuma J. , Omotunde Precious , Gandu Zinai 
Published: February 2022

Background: The global prevalence of obesity has been on the increase over the years constituting a major public health crisis.
Aim: The study was done to evaluate the haematological parameters of obese and non obese individuals at Omisanjana area of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State. Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: The study is a hospital based cross-sectional study among obese individual and non-obese individuals. This study was carried out at Omisanjana area of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State. Fifty (50) obese individuals and fifty (50) apparently non-obese individuals were recruited as controls and enrolled in this study.
Results: The results showed significant difference of MXD (p=0.017), haemoglobin (p=0.000), MCV (p=0.006), MCH (p=0.006), MCHC (p=0.008) and no significant difference in PCV (p=0.064), WBC (p=0.896), LYM (p=0.069), GRAN (p=0.488), RBC (p=0.820), HCT (p=0.061), PLT (p=0.819),
when compared between obese individuals and non-obese individuals respectively.
Conclusion: Subjects with obesity had lower mean haematological parameters such as haemoglobin mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, neutrophils values compared to non-obese subjects. While a great majority of the parameters were of normal range for the subjects some were decreased e.g. total WBC count, Platelet and PCV.
Impact of Glyphosate on the Changes in the mRNA Expression of Neurotransmitters in Experimental Rats
Authors: Anees Fharreeha Fathima , Priya V. Vishnu , Selvaraj J. , Gayathri R. , Kavitha S. 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Glyphosate, an N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine is the active ingredient in the pervasive herbicide, Monsanto Roundup. It is widely used herbicide worldwide to eliminate unwanted plants both on agricultural and non agricultural landscapes. Glyphosate is used in different formulations and applied in diverse forms including isopropylamine salt, potassium salt, ammonium salt, diammonium salt and dimethyl ammonium salt. Glyphosate can display endocrine –disrupting activity, promote carcinogenicity in mouse skin and affect human erythrocyte. In humans the effects of glyphosate on metabolic health research has not been done to a larger extent.
Aim: To analyse the impact of glyphosate on the changes in the mRNA expression of neurotransmitters in experimental rats.
Materials and Methods: Male albino rats were classified into three groups. Group I: Normal rats; Group II: glyphosate induced rats with 50 mg/ kg of glyphosate for 16 weeks; Group III:. The glyphosate induced rats with 100 mg/ kg of glyphosate for 16 weeks;Group IV:. The glyphosate induced rats with 250 mg/ kg of glyphosate for 16 weeks. After 16 weeks of glyphosate exposure , the control and induced animals were anesthetized and brain tissue were dissected to analyse the gene expression of serotonin and GABA alpha .The data were statistically analysed and tabulated.
Results: mRNA expressions of neurotransmitters such as serotonin receptor and gamma-aminobutyric acid alpha (GABA a) were significantly (p<0.05) down regulated in glyphosate-exposed rats in a dose-dependent manner (50, 100 and 250 mg/kg b.wt) suggesting that glyphosate exposure causes detrimental changes in the brain tissues in rats.
Conclusion: Our present study for the first time proves that glyphosate leads to diabetic neuropathy modulating expression of the neurotransmitters such as serotonin and GABA apha.
Comparison of the Effect of Olanzapine, Haloperidol and Quetiapine on the Resolution of Individual Delirium Symptoms in ICU Patients: A Double-blind, Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Eslami Mohammad , Jamalian Seyed Mohammad , Nikoohemmat Mahdi , Kamali Alireza , Mahmoodiyeh Behnam 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Considering that haloperidol is a first-generation antipsychotic drug known as the primary treatment for delirium, it causes extrapyramidal side effects, and olanzapine and quetiapine are second-generation antipsychotic drugs without extrapyramidal side effects. In this study, we compared the effects of olanzapine and quetiapine with haloperidol on the resolution of individual delirium symptoms.
Materials and Methods: In a double-blind clinical trial study, 90 patients admitted to the ICU in three groups received haloperidol at a dose of 2.5 mg/day, while in the second group, patients received olanzapine at an amount of 2.5- 10.5mg/day. In the third group, they received quetiapine at a dose of 12.5 to 75 mg daily. Then, patients' sedation levels were measured according to RASS criteria, and their disease severity was evaluated according to APACHE II criteria.
Results: During 15 work shifts in the first, second, third, seventh, and tenth days, sedation scores in all three groups decreased significantly (p-v <0.05), and all three drugs were effective in subsiding patients' agitation in 10 days. In the evening and night of the first day, the sedation score in the quetiapine group was higher than the other two groups; however, after the treatment period and in the work shifts of the seventh and tenth days, the patients in the quetiapine group had the lowest sedation score on the RASS scale. Also, after starting drug treatment in the three groups, the mean severity of the disease was significantly different in the three groups (p-v <0.05), so that on the third and seventh day, the olanzapine group had the lowest and the haloperidol group had the highest disease severity. But on the tenth day, the severity of the disease was lowest in the patients in the quetiapine group.
Conclusion: As a result of this study, it was found that quetiapine, olanzapine, and haloperidol had the most significant effect in improving the sedation level of patients with delirium according to RASS criteria, respectively, and the use of atypical antipsychotic drugs had more favorable outcomes than typical ones in controlling patients' delirium.
Impact of COVID-19 on South Sudan: A Review on Social and Economic Management Policies from the First Wave
Authors: Daru Gama Rivas , Rizwan Muhammad , Xuelian Wu , Munthali George N. Chidimbah , Jackline Kide , Humbert Jean , Yao Ayivi , Villa Camilo Burgos 
Published: February 2022

In December 2019, a new respiratory disease, i.e., novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged in Mainland China in Wuhan the capital of Hubei Province. It spreads through droplets produced while coughing or sneezing. Its symptoms include fever, dry cough, fatigue, sputum production, shortness of breath, sore throat, etc. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a “Pandemic” which affected human lives and economies. South Sudan is a developing country and does not have adequate resources to overcome this pandemic (COVID-19).
Aims: The primary objective of this article is to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the youngest country in the African continent (South Sudan) on its weak economy coupled with hyperinflation and depreciation of currency etc. and lessons learned from other countries in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methodology: A review was carried out to accomplish the objective of the study by extracting data from the database of Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and authentic websites for World Health Organization (WHO), World Bank, etc., studies covered major areas across the globe but more especially countries that have trade ties with South Sudan and the East African
Results: There is a drop in South Sudan’s crude oil export which is crucial for the economy. The responsive rate to vulnerable citizens was low, inadequate policies implementations, there was massive unemployment, it has created the state of xenophobia between nationals and foreigners, online learning through the use of televisions (TVs) and radio stations has not been effective.
Conclusion: The management of the COVID-19 pandemic call for collaboration between authorities the public, and inter-states as there is no country immune. The use of e-commerce is crucial for developing countries, which reduces social interaction between traders and consumers, reducing the chances of a complete economic shutdown. Lastly, there is also a need to establish learning infrastructures for online studies and birth control initiatives, especially for the least developed countries.
Medical linac photon skyshine: Monte Carlo calculations and a methodology for estimates
Authors: McDermott Patrick N. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIt has been shown that a widely quoted formula for estimating medical linac photon skyshine equivalent doses is erroneous. Monte Carlo calculations have been performed to develop an easy method for quickly and accurately estimating skyshine radiation levels and to gain improved physical insight into the skyshine phenomenon. Calculations of linac photon skyshine have been performed for 4, 6, 10, 15, and 18 MV beams for 10 × 10 cm2 and 40 × 40 cm2 fields and for a range of room dimensions and roof thicknesses. The effect of flattening filter free beams has been considered. Air kerma rates (AKRs) can be accurately fitted to a simple algebraic formula that is a function of the horizontal distance from the isocenter with a single energy dependent fitting parameter. The AKR, at a height of 1.3 m above level ground, reaches a local maximum at a distance dmax = 1.5dw + 1.1h, where dw is the horizontal distance from the isocenter to the outside of the side wall, and h is the vertical distance from the isocenter to the top of the roof. For thin roofs, low energy beams lead to significantly more skyshine than high energy beams because low energy photons are more easily scattered through large angles. In the absence of a roof, the maximum skyshine dose rate is on the order of 8 × 10−7 times the dose rate at isocenter. The average energy of the skyshine photons is about 0.15 MeV, and it is remarkably independent of almost all parameters. A simple methodology is outlined for the evaluation of photon skyshine.
A storyboarding approach to train school mental health providers and paraprofessionals in the delivery of a strengths‐based program for Latinx families affected by maternal depression
Authors: Valdez Carmen R. , Wagner Kevin M. , Stumpf Aaron , Saucedo Martha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMental health professionals in schools and the community are often overburdened and underfunded in high‐need areas, limiting their capacity to deliver needed family‐based mental health interventions. To address this issue, paraprofessional school personnel (e.g., family engagement liaisons) can facilitate these family‐based mental health interventions alongside licensed mental health professionals, thereby increasing access to mental health services for families with mental health needs. To train professional and paraprofessional school personnel in maternal depression and interventions, we used storyboarding, a narrative storytelling method traditionally used to create films. Latinx families who had previously participated in a family‐focused program for maternal depression shared real life stories focused on themes of (a) maternal depression, (b) impact on children, (c) cultural views and role of immigration, (d) self‐harm and suicide, and (e) what families need. In this conceptual paper, we describe our engagement of families in a multistep process of storyboarding that resulted in video modules of family stories for a training website and in‐person workshop for school professionals and paraprofessionals. We conclude with how community‐engaged tools such as storyboarding can be used to increase awareness and reduce stigma of maternal depression among staff training to deliver family‐focused mental health programs in schools.
Midostaurin therapy for advanced systemic mastocytosis: Mayo Clinic experience in 33 consecutive cases
Authors: Singh Amritpal , Al‐Kali Aref , Begna Kebede H. , Litzow Mark R. , Larsen Jeremy T. , Sher Taimur , Abdelmagid Maymona G. , Farrukh Faiqa , Reichard Kaaren K. , Gangat Naseema , Pardanani Animesh , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe retrospectively examined our experience with midostaurin therapy in 33 consecutive patients (median age 68 years; 58% females) with advanced systemic mastocytosis (adv‐SM): aggressive SM (ASM; n = 17), SM associated with another hematologic neoplasm (SM‐AHN; n = 14) and mast cell leukemia (MCL; n = 2). KITD816V mutation was detected in 84% of the patients and C findings in 91%. Eleven (33%) patients were previously treated with other cytoreductive drugs, including cladribine (n = 4) and imatinib (n = 3). Median time from diagnosis to initiation of midostaurin therapy was 2.2 months (range 0.3–41). Using modified valent criteria, overall response was 42% (53% ASM, 29% SM‐AHN, 50% MCL; p = .22), all classified as being major. Responses included ≥50% reduction in bone marrow mast cells in 40% and normalization of serum tryptase in 29%, of evaluated cases. After a median follow‐up of 14.6 months from initiation of midostaurin therapy, 7 (21%) deaths, 1 (3%) leukemic progression, and 18 (55%) treatment discontinuations were documented; median duration of midostaurin treatment was 7.9 months (range 0.5–123) and response duration 21.5 months (range 2.9–123). Most frequent side effect was gastrointestinal (51%) while grade 3/4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia occurred in 12% of patients. Response to treatment was not predicted by KIT mutation (p = .67) or exposure to prior cytoreductive therapy (p = .44). Median survival was longer in midostaurin responders but not significantly (median 26.5 vs. 16 months; p = .15). Findings from the current study are broadly consistent with previously published clinical trial observations.
Conjugate‐Driven Electron Density Delocalization of Piperidine Nitroxyl Radical for Stable Aqueous Zinc Hybrid Flow Batteries
Authors: Fan Hao , Hu Bo , Li Hongbin , Ravivarma Mahalingam , Feng Yangyang , Song Jiangxuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractStable and soluble redox‐active nitroxyl radicals are highly desired for high‐capacity and long‐life aqueous zinc hybrid flow batteries (AZHFBs). Here we report a “π–π” conjugated imidazolium and “p–π” conjugated acetylamino co‐functionalized 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxyl (MIAcNH‐TEMPO) as stable catholyte for AZHFBs. The incorporation of double‐conjugate substituents could delocalize the electron density of the N−O head and thus remarkably stabilize the radical and oxoammonium forms of TEMPO, avoiding the side reaction of ring‐opening. Consequently, the applied MIAcNH‐TEMPO/Zn AZHFB demonstrates the hardly time‐dependent stability with a constant capacity retention of 99.95 % per day over 16.7 days at a high concentration catholyte of 1.5 M and high current density of 50 mA cm−2. This proposed molecular engineering strategy based on electron density regulation of redox‐active structures displays an attractive efficacy and thus represents a remarkable advance in high‐performance AZHFBs.
Entwicklung einer Plattform zur Generierung von Stop‐Flow‐Gradienten zur Untersuchung von Chemotaxis
Authors: Xiao Zuyao , Nsamela Audrey , Garlan Benjamin , Simmchen Juliane 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDie Fähigkeit künstlicher Mikroschwimmer, auf äußere Reize zu reagieren und deren mechanistische Ursprünge, gehören zu den umstrittensten Fragen der interdisziplinären Wissenschaft. Die Erzeugung chemischer Gradienten ist dabei eine technische Herausforderung, da sie aufgrund von Diffusion schnell abflachen. Inspiriert von ‘Stop‐flow’ Experimenten aus der chemischen Kinetik zeigen wir, dass die Erzeugung eines mikrofluidischen Gradienten durch Kombination mit einer Druckrückkopplungsschleife zur präzisen Kontrolle des Stoppens erfolgen kann. Das ermöglicht es uns, die mechanistischen Details der Chemotaxis von künstlichen katalytischen Janus‐Mikromotoren zu untersuchen. Wir stellen fest, dass diese Kupfer‐Janus‐Partikel eine chemotaktische Bewegung entlang des Konzentrationsgradienten sowohl in positiver als auch in negativer Richtung zeigen, und wir demonstrieren die mechanische Reaktion der Partikel auf unausgewogene Widerstandskräfte, die dieses Verhalten erklären.