bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Gas Therapy for Tissue, Organ, and CNS Protection: A Systematic Review of Effects, Mechanisms, and Challenges
Authors: Zafonte Ross D. , Wang Lei , Arbelaez Christian A. , Dennison Rachel , Teng Yang D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractGaseous molecules have been increasingly explored for therapeutic development. Here, following an analytical background introduction, a systematic review of medical gas research is presented, focusing on tissue protections, mechanisms, data tangibility, and translational challenges. The pharmacological efficacies of carbon monoxide (CO) and xenon (Xe) are further examined with emphasis on intracellular messengers associated with cytoprotection and functional improvement for the CNS, heart, retina, liver, kidneys, lungs, etc. Overall, the outcome supports the hypothesis that readily deliverable “biological gas” (CO, H2, H2S, NO, O2, O3, and N2O) or “noble gas” (He, Ar, and Xe) treatment may preserve cells against common pathologies by regulating oxidative, inflammatory, apoptotic, survival, and/or repair processes. Specifically, CO, in safe dosages, elicits neurorestoration via igniting sGC/cGMP/MAPK signaling and crosstalk between HO‐CO, HIF‐1α/VEGF, and NOS pathways. Xe rescues neurons through NMDA antagonism and PI3K/Akt/HIF‐1α/ERK activation. Primary findings also reveal that the need to utilize cutting‐edge molecular and genetic tactics to validate mechanistic targets and optimize outcome consistency remains urgent; the number of neurotherapeutic investigations is limited, without published results from large in vivo models. Lastly, the broad‐spectrum, concurrent multimodal homeostatic actions of medical gases may represent a novel pharmaceutical approach to treating critical organ failure and neurotrauma.
Selective Borohydride Oxidation Reaction on Nickel Catalyst with Anion and Cation Exchange Ionomer for High‐Performance Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells
Authors: Ko Youngdon , Lombardo Loris , Li Mo , Pham Thi Ha My , Yang Heena , Züttel Andreas 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDirect borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) operate with liquid H2O2 and a high‐energy‐density NaBH4 solution. A facile, direct synthesis method using a non‐noble nickel catalyst for the DBFC anode is shown. The complex anode reaction with an anion‐exchange ionomer (AEI) and a cation‐exchange ionomer (CEI) is evaluated in half‐cell and single‐cell configurations. The ionomer type produces high (AEI) or low local pH (CEI) at the active site of the catalyst in the single‐cell configuration, generating different catalytic reactions. The performance of the nickel catalyst is compared to that of a palladium catalyst. The selective catalytic activities for the borohydride oxidation reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction are the key parameters for achieving good performance. Furthermore, fuel utilization and H2 evolution measurement in a single‐cell configuration provide more information on the complex anode reaction in the DBFC. The nickel catalyst with CEI on nickel foam (NiF@CEI‐Ni) shows the highest DBFC peak power density (0.59 W cm−2) with a non‐noble metal anode catalyst.
Sexual reproduction is light‐limited as marsh grasses colonize maritime forest
Authors: Kottler Ezra J. , Gedan Keryn B. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractClimate change is driving abiotic shifts that can threaten the conservation of foundation species and the habitats they support. Directional range shifting is one mechanism of escape, but requires the successful colonization of habitats where interspecific interactions may differ from those to which a species has adapted. For plants with multiple reproductive strategies, these range‐edge interactions may alter the investment or allocation toward a given reproductive strategy. In this study, we quantified sexual reproduction of the clonal marsh grass Spartina patens across an inland colonization front into maritime forest being driven by sea‐level rise. We find that flowering is variable across S. patens meadows, but consistently reduced in low light conditions like those of the forest understory. Observational surveys of S. patens flowering at four sites in the Delmarva Peninsula agreed with the results of two experimental manipulations of light availability (shading experiment in S. patens‐dominated marsh and a forest dieback manipulation). These three approaches pinpointed light limitation as a principal control on S. patens flowering capacity, suggesting that light competition with taller upland species can suppress S. patens flowering along its upland migration front. Consequently, all propagation in shaded conditions must occur clonally or via seeds from the marsh, a reproductive restriction that could limit the potential for local adaptation and reduce genetic diversity. Future research is needed to determine whether the lack of flowering is the result of a trade‐off between sexual and clonal reproduction or results from insufficient photosynthetic products needed to achieve either reproductive method.
Bestimmung von Performance‐Deskriptoren für die CO2‐Hydrierung an alkalimetallpromotierten Katalysatoren auf Eisenbasis
Authors: Yang Qingxin , Kondratenko Vita A. , Petrov Sergey A. , Doronkin Dmitry E. , Saraçi Erisa , Lund Henrik , Arinchtein Aleks , Kraehnert Ralph , Skrypnik Andrey S. , Matvienko Alexander A. , Kondratenko Evgenii V. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlkalimetallpromotoren werden in großem Umfang für die Herstellung heterogener Katalysatoren eingesetzt, die in vielen industriell wichtigen Reaktionen verwendet werden. Die Ursachen für ihre Wirkung sind jedoch in der Regel nur schwer zu ergründen. In dieser Arbeit werden die mechanistischen und kinetischen Aspekte der Wirkung von Alkalimetallen bei der CO2‐Hydrierung an Fe‐haltigen Katalysatoren mithilfe modernster Charakterisierungstechniken sowie räumlich aufgelöster stationärer und instationärer kinetischer Analysen aufgeklärt. Die Promotoren beeinflussen die elektronischen Eigenschaften von Eisen in Eisenkarbiden. Diese Karbideigenschaften bestimmen die Fähigkeit des Katalysators, H2, CO und CO2 zu aktivieren. Die Elektronegativität des Alkalimetallpromoters nach der Allen‐Skala wurde erfolgreich mit der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit der CO2‐Hydrierung zu höheren Kohlenwasserstoffen und CH4 sowie mit den Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der einzelnen Schritte der CO‐ oder CO2‐Aktivierung korreliert. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können für die Entwicklung und Herstellung von Katalysatoren für andere Reaktionen, bei welchen derartige Promotoren ebenfalls verwendet werden, von Nutzen sein.
Metal–organic frameworks encapsulated with an anticancer compound as drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization, antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, and molecular docking investigation
Authors: El‐Bindary Mohamed A. , El‐Desouky Mohamed G. , El‐Bindary Ashraf A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMetal organic framework (MOF) hybrid materials could be one of the answers in this investigation. We describe a simple and effective encapsulation of doxorubicin (DOX), an anticancer drug, inside Zr‐MOF, which have been little studied as drug delivery organizations. We investigated the measured release of the drug from Zr‐MOF in response to external incentives such as pH changes and interaction with biomimetic schemes. Zr‐MOF with encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX@Zr‐MOF) can be manufactured in one pot by addition the anticancer medication DOX to the reaction combination. They demonstrated pH‐responsive medication release and cancer cell killing capability. MOFs can be designed as multifunctional distribution vehicles for a diversity of loads, including medicinal and imaging agents, using our simple one‐pot approach. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and N2 sorption isotherm were used to analyze MOF and the developed drug delivery (DOX@Zr‐MOF) scheme. It investigated the effects of MOF and a bespoke drug delivery system on the feasibility of patient breast as well as liver tumor cell lines. At pH 5, the trapped drug can be released more quickly than at pH 7.4. Zr‐MOF nanoparticles had modest cytotoxicity; however, DOX@Zr‐MOF has higher cytotoxicity in MCF‐7 and HepG‐2 cells than DOX at concentrations greater than 31.25 μg ml−1. These results were discovered that DOX@Zr‐MOF could be a promising technique for delivering medicines to cancer cells. Furthermore, using the agar well dispersion technique, Zr‐MOF, DOX, and captured DOX@Zr‐MOF samples were assessed for their potential antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria in comparison to traditional antibiotics. In compared to the reference medication Gentamycin, the DOX@Zr‐MOF exhibits a large inhibitory zone against Gram negative organisms (Escherichia coli). The docking active place interactions were assessed to see if DOX might bind to the breast cancer 3hb5‐oxidoreductase receptor, prostate cancer protein 2q7k, and SARS‐CoV‐2 protease 6YB7 for anticancer and anticovid‐19 activities.
The evolving ethics of anatomy: Dissecting an unethical past in order to prepare for a future of ethical anatomical practice
Authors: Comer Amber R. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAnatomical practice has arguably one of the most ethically challenging histories in the medical sciences. Among the oldest scientific disciplines in medicine, dissection of the human body for scientific purposes occurred as early as the third century Before the Common Era. Throughout the history of anatomical practice, human dissection has occurred in ways that cross the line from progressing medical science to violating the sanctity of the human body. The dissection of the human body creates ethical dilemmas which stem from the need for anatomical science to gain medical knowledge in juxtaposition with prevailing religious and moral views surrounding anatomy as a threat to the sanctity of the human body. This article examines the unethical history of human dissection throughout the ages and explores the rationale behind the unethical practices. In addition, this article explores imperative modern day ethical standards in anatomy including, the ethical handling of human bodies, respecting human life, and ensuring informed consent for dissection of bodies that are donated. Finally, this article explores the question of which ethical prism we should use when dealing with anatomy collections or works of the past. Learning both the history of unethical practices in anatomy and the rationale behind them is imperative so that the discipline can prepare for an ethical, diverse, and inclusive future. This article provides a foundation for understanding the evolution of ethics in anatomical practice and is a valuable resource for students and anatomists alike.
Collaborate to Protect Vital Source Waters and Mitigate Climate Change
Authors: White Dave , Carpenter Adam T. 
Published: March 2022

Key TakeawaysClimate‐friendly agricultural conservation practices can protect and restore drinking water sources.As US water utilities consider how to better protect their source waters, working with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and agricultural producers offers great promise.Collaboration between water utilities and USDA can also strike a blow against climate change effects—and maybe even save some money in the process.
Laboratory Accreditation Improves Water Quality Data
Authors: Adams Hunter , Reeder Sam , Barker Randall , Thomas Dave , Southard Mark 
Published: March 2022

Key TakeawaysAccreditation serves as a demonstration of competency and thus improves overall laboratory quality. To ensure traceable, reliable, defensible data, quality must be approached as a philosophy rather than a program.The Cypress Environmental Laboratory (CEL), built in 2008, has based its operations on a commitment to high data quality, responsibility, and transparency.The CEL adheres to a strict standard set by the National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program, following practices outlined in the standard for monitoring and maintaining data quality.
Building a House for Stabilizing Lithium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: You Lei , Liu Jianwen , Zhang Hongyu , Zhang Tianren , Wang Juan , Guo Zaiping , Xia Guanglin , Yu Xuebin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLithium (Li) metal is regarded as one of the most promising anode candidates for future high energy density lithium batteries. The practical application of Li‐metal anodes, however, is hindered by the uncontrollable growth of dendrites resulting from both huge volume change and unstable solid‐electrolyte interfaces upon cycling. Herein, we propose a novel “house strategy” that utilizes the 3D NiO nanosheets decorated nickel foam as the frame to confine Li metal and the inorganic [LiNBH]n chains with high Li ion conductivity as the artificial protective proof to establish a stable dendrite‐free Li metal anode. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the 3D NiO/Ni foam in lowering the local current density and accommodating the huge volume change of Li metal and the [LiNBH]n protective layer in facilitating uniform Li+ diffusion and regulating Li deposition beneath this layer, the LiNBH‐Li@Ni electrode presents an excellent long‐term cycling lifespan of over 800 h at both 1 and 3 mA cm−2 with a high areal capacity of 5 mAh cm−2 in symmetric cells. Upon coupling this anode with LiFePO4 cathode, the thus‐assembled full cells deliver an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 127.4 mAh g−1 at 1 C after 200 cycles.
Electrical stimulation waveform‐dependent osteogenesis on PVDF/BaTiO3 composite using a customized and programmable cell stimulator
Authors: Panda Asish Kumar , Sitaramgupta V S N , Pandya Hardik J. , Basu Bikramjit 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDirecting cellular functionalities using biomaterial‐based bioelectronic stimulation remains a significant constraint in translating research outcomes to address specific clinical needs. Electrical stimulation is now being clinically used as a therapeutic treatment option to promote bone tissue regeneration and to improve neuromuscular functionalities. However, the nature of the electrical waveforms during the stimulation and underlying biophysical rationale are still not scientifically well explored. Furthermore, bone‐mimicking implant‐based bioelectrical regulation of osteoinductivity has not been translated to clinics. The present study demonstrates the role of the electrical stimulation waveform to direct differentiation of stem cells on an electroactive polymeric substrate, using monophasic direct current (DC), square waveform, and biphasic waveform. In this regard, an in‐house electrical stimulation device has been fabricated for the uninterrupted delivery of programmed electrical signals to stem cells in culture. To provide a functional platform for stem cells to differentiate, barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) reinforced poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) has been developed with mechanical properties similar to bone. The electrical stimulation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on PVDF/BT composite inhibited proliferation rate at day 7, indicating early commitment for differentiation. The phenotypical characteristics of DC stimulated hMSCs provided signatures of differentiation towards osteogenic lineage, which was subsequently confirmed using alkaline phosphatase assay, collagen deposition, matrix mineralization, and genetic expression. Our findings suggest that DC stimulation induced early osteogenesis in hMSCs with a higher level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas the stimulation with square wave directed late osteogenesis with a lower ROS regeneration. In summary, the present study critically analyzes the role of electrical stimulation waveforms in regulating osteogenesis, without external biochemical differentiation inducers, on a bone‐mimicking functional biomaterial substrate. Such a strategy can potentially be adopted to develop orthopedic implant‐based bioelectronic medicine for bone regeneration.
A novel synthetic method of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers using Boc/Cbz‐protected PNA trimer blocks in the solution phase
Authors: Periyalagan Alagarsamy , Hong In Seok 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn order to use peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers for therapeutic purposes, a high purity level is essential and, in particular, large‐scale production should be easy. However, in the traditional solid‐phase synthesis method, the generation of n − 1 or n − 2 deleted oligomers cannot be completely excluded, and purification of crude oligomers is difficult because the target and impurities overlap. Also, for these reasons, scale‐up is also limited. Here, we report the efficient synthesis of PNA oligomers in the solid phase using fully protected PNA trimers instead of monomers. Fully protected PNA trimer blocks were successfully synthesized via two different routes in the solution phase. When PNA oligomers were synthesized in the solid phase using trimer blocks as monomers, a higher purity level of PNA could be synthesized compared to when oligomers were synthesized using monomers. When using this method, n − 1 or n − 2 truncated products cannot be systematically produced. Furthermore, the trimer blocks coupling method is successful even for sequences containing purine‐rich and/or gamma PNAs, which are difficult to synthesize via the conventional solid‐phase peptide synthesis approach. Finally, two hexameric and one dodecameric PNA oligomers were completely synthesized in the solution phase, with the former showing more than 90% crude purity and the latter showing 70%. We propose that this method may be able to solve several problems related to solid‐phase synthesis at once.
New 18β‐Glycyrrhetinic Acid‐Emodin Esters Synthetized by a One‐Step Innovative Route, Its Structural Characterization, and in Vivo Toxicity Assessed on Zebrafish Models
Authors: Zhong Yuan , Ding Yuling , Xiao Dandan , Hu Donghua , Li Yong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTo integrate the active advantages of 18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid (18β‐GA) and emodin, improve bioavailability, increase efficiency, and reduce toxicity, a one‐step innovative synthetic route was set up for the first time: 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) was used as catalyst, 1‐ethyl‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carboimide hydrochloride (EDCI) as condensation agent, dry dichloromethane (DCM) as solvent at 25 °C for 12 h, the three target products were obtained and purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the chemical structures of them were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique and high resolution electron ionization mass spectrometry (HREI‐MS), namely, 18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid‐3‐emodin ester (1, yield 78.83 %, known), di‐18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid‐1‐emodin ester (2, yield 6.49 %, new), and di‐18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid‐8‐emodin ester (3, yield 1.81 %, new). To estimate their effects of the products on toxicity in zebrafish embryos and juvenile fishes, the two precursors and three target products were assayed involving in hatching rate, survival rate, morphology, heart rate, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. The results showed that the target products enhanced the hatching and survival rate of zebrafish embryos, decreased the malformation rate and the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. It should be suggested that the one‐step synthesis route with high yield makes the industrial application of the target products possible due to significantly reduced toxicity. The two new by‐products provide potential candidates for the applications of pharmaceutical industry in the future.
Capture Phosphates via Peptide Self‐assembly to Construct Templates Assisting Mineralization
Authors: Shao Liang , Liu Shichang , Li Guanying , Zhang Ye 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe development of synthetic scaffolds for template‐guided mineralization of calcium phosphates (CaP) is an ongoing challenge in biomimetic material design for bone graft substitute. To mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM)‐organized biomineralization, polymer‐induced liquid precursor (PILP) phase has been widely applied in the construction of biomineralized tissues. We proposed here a peptide self‐assembled scaffold as an easier fabricated alternative of charged polymers for PILP template. An arginine enriched pentapeptide was synthesized to serve as the basic building block for the construction of positively charged nanofibrils at physiological condition. By binding with multiple arginine residues via electrostatic interactions, phosphates cross‐link nanofibrils forming phosphate enriched scaffold to assist the mineralization of CaP during the calcium ion infiltration. The obtained CaP mineralized scaffold exhibited competent properties to polymer‐based biominerals with enhanced mechanical properties and reversible deformations, as well as good biocompatibility, promising great potentials as mimetic bone matrix.
Amide Bonds Meet Flow Chemistry: A Journey into Methodologies and Sustainable Evolution
Authors: Alfano Antonella Ilenia , Lange Heiko , Brindisi Margherita 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover are Antonella Ilenia Alfano and Margherita Brindisi (University of Naples Federico II) and Heiko Lange (University of Milano Bicocca). The cover image highlights the impact of greener and more sustainable flow chemistry protocols applied to amide bond formation. The Review itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202102708.
Outcome and prognostic value of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein in mildly dilated cardiomyopathy vs. dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Feng Jiayu , Tian Pengchao , Liang Lin , Chen Yuyi , Wang Yunhong , Zhai Mei , Huang Yan , Zhou Qiong , Zhao Xuemei , Zhao Lang , Huang Boping , Huang Liyan , Zhang Yuhui , Zhang Jian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimsMildly dilated cardiomyopathy (MDCM) was characterized as a subset of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with systolic dysfunction and modest ventricular dilatation, of which the prognostic studies were limited. We aimed to compare the prognostic value of the N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) between MDCM and DCM.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively included hospitalized patients diagnosed with DCM and a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 50% at Fuwai Hospital from 2006 to 2017. MDCM was defined as left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter index (LVEDDi) ≤ 33 mm/m2 in males and ≤34 mm/m2 in females. A total of 640 patients (median age 49 years, 24.8% female) were included in this study. At baseline, 110 cases (17%) were categorized as MDCM and 529 cases (83%) as DCM. Of 282 patients who had follow‐up echocardiograms ≥ 6 months, 7 MDCM patients (11.1%) evolved to DCM and 70 DCM patients (32.0%) recovered to MDCM by the change of LVEDDi. Compared with DCM, patients with baseline MDCM had lower composite risks of all‐cause mortality, heart transplantation, and heart failure rehospitalization [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43–0.93, P = 0.019]. Both hs‐CRP and NT‐proBNP were independently associated with the composite endpoint in the overall cohort (hs‐CRP: adjusted HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00–1.15, P = 0.036; NT‐proBNP: adjusted HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02–1.22, P = 0.019). After a propensity‐score matching between MDCM and DCM, higher NT‐proBNP (above the median) was significantly associated with the outcome in DCM patients (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.05–3.20, P = 0.034), but not in MDCM patients (HR 1.54, 95% CI 0.76–3.11, P = 0.227). On the contrary, higher hs‐CRP (above the median) showed prognostic value for adverse events in MDCM patients (HR 3.19, 95% CI 1.52–6.66, P = 0.002), but not in DCM patients (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.61–1.79, P = 0.88).ConclusionsIn patients with MDCM, although no evidence suggested the prognostic role of NT‐proBNP, higher level of hs‐CRP was associated with outcome, supporting the use of hs‐CRP in risk stratification for patients with MDCM.