bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of inborn errors of immunity patients with inflammatory bowel disease phenotype by allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Moser Laura M. , Fekadu Julia , Willasch André , Rettinger Eva , Sörensen Jan , Jarisch Andrea , Kirwil Marta , Lieb Adrian , Holzinger Dirk , Calaminus Gabriele , Bader Peter , Bakhtiar Shahrzad 
Published: October 2022

SummaryPatients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) can suffer from treatment‐refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causing failure to thrive and consequences of long‐term multiple immunosuppressive treatments. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) can serve as a curative treatment option. In this single‐centre retrospective cohort study we report on 11 paediatric and young adult IEI patients with IBD and failure to thrive, who had exhausted symptomatic treatment options and received alloHSCT. The cohort included chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), lipopolysaccharide‐responsive and beige‐like anchor protein (LRBA) deficiency, STAT3 gain‐of‐function (GOF), Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS), dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) deficiency and one patient without genetic diagnosis. All patients achieved stable engraftment and immune reconstitution, and gastrointestinal symptoms were resolved after alloHSCT. The overall survival was 11/11 over a median follow‐up of 34.7 months. Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) was limited to grade I–II acute GVHD (n = 5), one case of grade IV acute GVHD and one case of limited chronic GVHD. Since treatment recommendations are limited, this work provides a centre‐specific approach to treatment prior to transplant as well as conditioning in IEI patients with severe IBD.
A review of visualisations of protein fold networks and their relationship with sequence and function
Authors: Sykes Janan , Holland Barbara R. , Charleston Michael A. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTProteins form arguably the most significant link between genotype and phenotype. Understanding the relationship between protein sequence and structure, and applying this knowledge to predict function, is difficult. One way to investigate these relationships is by considering the space of protein folds and how one might move from fold to fold through similarity, or potential evolutionary relationships. The many individual characterisations of fold space presented in the literature can tell us a lot about how well the current Protein Data Bank represents protein fold space, how convergence and divergence may affect protein evolution, how proteins affect the whole of which they are part, and how proteins themselves function. A synthesis of these different approaches and viewpoints seems the most likely way to further our knowledge of protein structure evolution and thus, facilitate improved protein structure design and prediction.
Behavioural problems of adolescents in secure residential youth care: Gender differences and risk factors
Authors: Gutterswijk Raymond V. , Kuiper Chris H. Z. , van der Horst Frank C. P. , Jongerling Joran , Harder Annemiek T. , Prinzie Peter 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAdolescents in secure residential care mostly suffer from serious behavioural problems, often accompanied by trauma and adverse family circumstances. This paper presents findings of a comparison of behavioural problems and risk factors of 255 boys and girls (aged 12 to 18 years) in secure residential care in the Netherlands and their association with behavioural problems. A cross‐sectional design and standardized questionnaires were used to measure behavioural problems and individual and familial risk factors. By using independent‐sample t tests, the severity of these factors in boys and girls was compared, and by using structural equation modelling (SEM), associations between these factors and behavioural problems were investigated. The findings of the study show that post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, maladaptive emotion regulation, impaired perceived competence and internalizing behavioural problems were more severe in girls than in boys. Boys experienced more severe externalizing behavioural problems and more family problems than girls. Maladaptive emotion regulation, PTSD symptoms, perceived competence and parenting problems were related to behavioural problems. The results indicate that treatment for girls should address PTSD symptoms, perceived competence and maladaptive emotion regulation and that extra attention for family problems in the treatment of boys is warranted.
MendNet: Restoration of Fractured Shapes Using Learned Occupancy Functions
Authors: Lamb N. , Banerjee S. , Banerjee N. K. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe provide a novel approach to perform fully automated generation of restorations for fractured shapes using learned implicit shape representations in the form of occupancy functions. Our approach lays the groundwork to perform automated object repair via additive manufacturing. Existing approaches for restoration of fractured shapes either require prior knowledge of object structure such as symmetries between the restoration and the fractured object, or predict restorations as voxel outputs that are impractical for repair at current resolutions. By leveraging learned occupancy functions for restoration prediction, our approach overcomes the curse of dimensionality with voxel approaches, while providing plausible restorations. Given a fractured shape, we fit a function to occupancy samples from the shape to infer a latent code. We apply a learned transformation to the fractured shape code to predict a corresponding code for restoration generation. To ensure physical validity and well‐constrained shape estimation, we contribute a loss that models feasible occupancy values for fractured shapes, restorations, and complete shapes obtained by joining fractured and restoration shapes. Our work overcomes deficiencies of shape completion approaches adapted for repair, and enables consumer‐driven object repair and cultural heritage object restoration. We share our code and a synthetic dataset of fractured meshes from 8 ShapeNet classes at: https://github.com/Terascale‐All‐sensing‐Research‐Studio/MendNet.
Rational Bézier Guarding
Authors: Khanteimouri P. , Mandad M. , Campen M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present a reliable method to generate planar meshes of nonlinear rational triangular elements. The elements are guaranteed to be valid, i.e. defined by injective rational functions. The mesh is guaranteed to conform exactly, without geometric error, to arbitrary rational domain boundary and feature curves. The method generalizes the recent Bézier Guarding technique, which is applicable only to polynomial curves and elements. This generalization enables the accurate handling of practically important cases involving, for instance, circular or elliptic arcs and NURBS curves, which cannot be matched by polynomial elements. Furthermore, although many practical scenarios are concerned with rational functions of quadratic and cubic degree only, our method is fully general and supports arbitrary degree. We demonstrate the method on a variety of test cases.
Deterministic Linear Time for Maximal Poisson‐Disk Sampling using Chocks without Rejection or Approximation
Authors: Mitchell Scott A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe show how to sample uniformly within the three‐sided region bounded by a circle, a radial ray, and a tangent, called a “chock.” By dividing a 2D planar rectangle into a background grid, and subtracting Poisson disks from grid squares, we are able to represent the available region for samples exactly using triangles and chocks. Uniform random samples are generated from chock areas precisely without rejection sampling. This provides the first implemented algorithm for precise maximal Poisson‐disk sampling in deterministic linear time. We prove O(n · M(b) log b), where n is the number of samples, b is the bits of numerical precision and M is the cost of multiplication. Prior methods have higher time complexity, take expected time, are non‐maximal, and/or are not Poisson‐disk distributions in the most precise mathematical sense. We fill this theoretical lacuna.
Constructing L∞ Voronoi Diagrams in 2D and 3D
Authors: Bukenberger D. R. , Buchin K. , Botsch M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractVoronoi diagrams and their computation are well known in the Euclidean L2 space. They are easy to sample and render in generalized Lp spaces but nontrivial to construct geometrically. Especially the limit of this norm with p → ∞ lends itself to many quad‐ and hex‐meshing related applications as the level‐set in this space is a hypercube. Many application scenarios circumvent the actual computation of L∞ diagrams altogether as known concepts for these diagrams are limited to 2D, uniformly weighted and axis‐aligned sites. Our novel algorithm allows for the construction of generalized L∞ Voronoi diagrams. Although parts of the developed concept theoretically extend to higher dimensions it is herein presented and evaluated for the 2D and 3D case. It further supports individually oriented sites and allows for generating weighted diagrams with anisotropic weight vectors for individual sites. The algorithm is designed around individual sites, and initializes their cells with a simple meshed representation of a site's level‐set. Hyperplanes between adjacent cells cut the initialization geometry into convex polyhedra. Non‐cell geometry is filtered out based on the L∞ Voronoi criterion, leaving only the non‐convex cell geometry. Eventually we conclude with discussions on the algorithms complexity, numerical precision and analyze the applicability of our generalized L∞ diagrams for the construction of Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations (CVT) using Lloyd's algorithm.
When child marriage and child welfare intersect: Understanding the barriers to education
Authors: Mbamba Crispin R. , Yeboaa Portia A. , Gyimah Clinton , Mccarthy Mary 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the factors that contribute to the discontinuity of education when girls marry as children. Using semi‐structured qualitative interviews, we gathered the views of 11 girls with experience in child marriages in Ghana. Narratives were analysed thematically following reflexive thematic analysis procedures. The study identified: (1) Insistence of husbands for girls to stay at home (2) Stigmatization and ridicule (3) Stress as factors leading to educational discontinuity. The study suggests an intensification of sensitization campaigns in rural communities on the dangers of child marriage and ways to make schools welcome for those married.
An umbrella review and meta‐analysis of renin–angiotensin system drugs use and COVID‐19 outcomes
Authors: Kurdi Amanj , Mueller Tanja , Weir Natalie 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite the availability of extensive literature on the effect of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin‐receptor blockers (ARBs) on COVID‐19 outcomes, the evidence is still controversial. We aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the effect of ACEIs/ARBs on COVID‐19‐related outcomes by summarising the currently available evidence.MethodsAn umbrella review was conducted using Medline (OVID), Embase, Scopus, Cochrane library and medRxiv from inception to 1 February 2021. Systematic reviews with meta‐analysis that evaluated the effect of ACEIs/ARBs on COVID‐19‐related clinical outcomes were eligible. Studies' quality was appraised using the AMSTAR 2 Critical Appraisal Tool. Data were analysed using the random‐effects modelling including several subgroup analyses. Heterogenicity was assessed using I2 statistic. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021233398) and reported using PRISMA guidelines.ResultsOverall, 47 reviews were eligible for inclusion. Out of the nine COVID‐19 outcomes evaluated, there was significant associations between ACEIs/ARBs use and each of death (OR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.75–0.86; I2 = 51.9%), death/ICU admission as composite outcome (OR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.80–0.92; I2 = 43.9%), severe COVID‐19 (OR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.78–0.95; I2 = 68%) and hospitalisation (OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.04–1.46; I2 = 76.4%). The significant reduction in death/ICU admission, however, was higher among studies which presented adjusted measure of effects (OR = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.47–0.84) and were of moderate quality (OR = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.63–0.85).ConclusionsCollective evidence from observational studies indicate a good quality evidence on the significant association between ACEIs/ARBs use and reduction in death and death/ICU admission, but poor‐quality evidence on both reducing severe COVID‐19 and increasing hospitalisation. Our findings further support the current recommendations of not discontinuing ACEIs/ARBs therapy in patients with COVID‐19.
Pharmacists and Mental Health First Aid training: A comparative analysis of confidence, mental health assistance behaviours and perceived barriers
Authors: Carpini Joseph A. , Sharma Aakanksha , Kubicki Evans Mikaela , Jumani Shaifuldeen , Boyne Emma , Clifford Rhonda , Ashoorian Deena 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPharmacists are aptly positioned to provide first aid‐level assistance to patients experiencing a mental health problem or crisis, yet often lack confidence or perceive barriers to intervention. One potential solution is Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training—an evidence‐based psycho‐educational programme. This study evaluates MHFA training within pharmacy by (1) assessing pharmacists' perceptions of the prevalence of patients experiencing a mental health‐related problem or crisis, (2) investigating whether MHFA is associated with increased confidence, intervention and assistance quality and (3) examining perceived intervention barriers.MethodsPharmacists working in Australia were surveyed. The survey included validated measures and research objectives were assessed using descriptives and ANOVAs.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐one pharmacists were included; 90 MHFA trained and 71 untrained. Overall, 86% of reported encountering at least one patient perceived to be experiencing a mental health problem or crisis in the last year. MHFA trained pharmacists reported being more confident, with notable differences in their confidence to recognize signs, approach and ask someone about suicide. Pharmacists did not intervene ~25% of the time in which a problem/ crisis was identified. When they did intervene, results suggest the assistance was similar in content. Intervention barriers were reported to impede MHFA trained pharmacists significantly less than untrained pharmacists.ConclusionResults suggest pharmacists frequently encounter patients experiencing a mental health problem or crisis and that MHFA training may support pharmacists in helping these patients. Future research can utilize experimental methods to provide causal evidence as to the utility of MHFA training for pharmacists and patients.
Are cryptocurrencies homogeneous?
Authors: Bengtsson Elias , Gustafsson Frida 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article investigates if cryptocurrencies returns' are similarly affected by a selection of demand‐ and supply‐side determinants. Homogeneity among cryptocurrencies is tested via a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model where determinants of Bitcoin returns are applied to a sample of 12 cryptocurrencies. The analysis goes beyond existing research by simultaneously covering different periods and design choices of cryptocurrencies. The results show that cryptocurrencies are heterogeneous, apart from some similarities in the impact of technical determinants and cybercrime. The cryptocurrency market displays evidence of substitution effects, and design choices related explain the impact of the determinants of return.
Expert system and entropy‐ordered weighted average method in cold supply chain risk evaluation
Authors: Shen Yuyan , Qian Yan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIf not well identified and controlled, risks in systematically engineered cold supply chains can lead directly to food safety incidents. In current approaches to cold supply chain risk evaluation, there is a lack of systematic classification and quantitative analysis of the influences of risk factors in the chain. To accurately evaluate unknown risks that can exert a fluctuating influence and result in great losses, this study builds a knowledge base of expert systems based on expertise and extensive experience and modifies the expert weights in conjunction with entropy weights to reduce subjective error. An ordered weighted average (OWA) operator is used to evaluate risk in a cold supply chain effectively. First, in combination with a case study of a typical fresh food e‐commerce enterprise, a typical fresh food e‐commerce enterprise, this paper identifies the risks in a food refrigeration supply chain. Second, relying on an expert group with professional knowledge and rich experience, an expert system knowledge base is constructed, risks are assigned, and the expert weight is modified in combination with the entropy weight method. Finally, based on the OWA operator, the modified risk assignment is effectively evaluated, and the risk value is obtained and sorted. Specific risk control measures are put forward according to the results of the calculation. The results show that an evaluation method combining an expert system knowledge base and the entropy‐OWA method can effectively depict and process the evaluation information needed for risk rankings and solve the problems of supply chain risks more rapidly and effectively.
Simultaneous enhancement of hardness and wear and corrosion resistance of high‐entropy transition‐metal nitride
Authors: Yuan Mengya , Gao Xinxin , Gu Xinlei , Dong Chuanyao , Wang Shan , Wen Mao , Zhang Kan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBinary transition‐metal nitrides (TMNs) are widely used as protective coating materials, and enhancing key performance characteristics are crucial to improving their robust and durable applications in harsh service environments. Compositional modulation via multiple elemental species offers an effective approach for optimizing physicochemical properties of TMNs, and establishing the composition–property relation is essential to the design of high‐performance TMNs. In this work, we report on a comparative study of our synthesized NbN, NbMoN, and (NbMoTaW)N films and examined their microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological and corrosion behaviors. The high‐entropy (NbMoTaW)N film exhibits the highest hardness of 23.5 ± 1.35 GPa, which is ascribed to its high structural stability, increased elastic constant, and elastic modulus compared to the NbN and NbMoN films. The (NbMoTaW)N film also possesses the best wear resistance stemming from the highest H/E ratio and formation of self‐lubricating MoO3 and WO3 species; moreover, this film shows the best corrosion resistance attributed to the sluggish diffusion of Cl− due to lattice contraction and the structural stability caused by high‐entropy effect. This work demonstrates simultaneously enhanced hardness and wear and corrosion resistance in a high‐entropy TMN, opening a pathway for developing a new generation of advanced protective coating materials.
Turkey's Influence as a Third Country on the European Union: From Association to a Key Partner
Authors: Muftuler‐Bac Meltem 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTurkey represents a unique case for the European Union (EU) as a third country. Turkey's long standing institutionalized association with the EU furnished Turkey with formal and informal access to the EU. These access points, together with its structural power and bilateral relations with Member States shape the modalities of its influence. This article proposes that Turkish influence as a third country evolved with the interplay of its access to EU institutions and structural power. Turkey has different modes of access to EU which range from formal institutions and EU Agencies to its bilateral relations and its membership in institutions such as NATO. The article's empirical discussions identify how Turkey's influence as a third country on the EU policies is driven by this interplay of access and power, uncovering its role in different policy areas. Finally, Turkey's influence is visible in setting precedents for the EU's relations with other third countries.
Efficacy and safety of silymarin containing antioxidant serum as an adjuvant treatment of mild‐to‐moderate acne vulgaris: A prospective, open‐label pilot study
Authors: Kim Jemin , Lee Yun Na , Lee Joohee , Lee Sang Gyu , Kim Hyun , Choi Ye Seul , Draelos Zoe Diana , Kim Jihee 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSilymarin is the active component of milk thistle, which has antioxidant properties by scavenging free radicals and potential comedolytic properties.AimsThis study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of 0.5% silymarin‐loaded antioxidant serum (SAS) used to treat mild‐to‐moderate acne.Patients and MethodsA prospective, open‐label pilot study was conducted. We enrolled 22 Korean acne patients who applied the 0.5% SAS on the whole face twice daily while continuing the current anti‐acne medications. Grade of acne severity, individual lesion counts, sebum output levels, skin erythema, and melanin pigmentation were assessed.ResultsAfter a 4‐week application, the modified Global Acne Grading Score (mGAGS), Global Evaluation Acne (GEA) scale, and the acne lesion counts were significantly decreased. Sebum secretion, skin pigmentation, and erythema were also reduced during the study period, yet only the melanin pigmentation index reached statistical significance. Subgroup analysis revealed that the patients who took the low‐dose oral isotretinoin during the study period showed more noticeable improvements in skin sebum output and melanin pigmentation. Additionally, no adverse event was associated with using the 0.5% SAS.ConclusionThe 0.5% silymarin‐containing antioxidant formulation improved acne's clinical severity and related skin biophysical parameters.