bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-centric insight into metabolically active microbial population in shallow-sea hydrothermal vents
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Tang Kai , Zhang Mu , Liu Shujing , Chen Mingming , Zhan Peiwen , Fan Wei , Chen Chen-Tung Arthur , Zhang Yao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundGeothermal systems have contributed greatly to both our understanding of the functions of extreme life and the evolutionary history of life itself. Shallow-sea hydrothermal systems are ecological intermediates of deep-sea systems and terrestrial springs, harboring unique and complexed ecosystems, which are well-lit and present physicochemical gradients. The microbial communities of deep-sea and terrestrial geothermal systems have been well-studied at the population genome level, yet little is known about the communities inhabiting the shallow-sea hydrothermal systems and how they compare to those inhabiting other geothermal systems.ResultsHere, we used genome-resolved metagenomic and metaproteomic approaches to probe into the genetic potential and protein expression of microorganisms from the shallow-sea vent fluids off Kueishantao Island. The familiesNautiliaceaeandCampylobacteraceaewithin the Epsilonbacteraeota and theThiomicrospiraceaewithin the Gammaproteobacteria were prevalent in vent fluids over a 3-year sampling period. We successfully reconstructed the in situ metabolic modules of the predominant populations within the Epsilonbacteraeota and Gammaproteobacteria by mapping the metaproteomic data back to metagenome-assembled genomes. Those active bacteria could use the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle or Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle for autotrophic carbon fixation, with the ability to use reduced sulfur species, hydrogen or formate as electron donors, and oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor via cytochromebdoxidase or cytochromebb3oxidase. Comparative metagenomic and genomic analyses revealed dramatic differences between submarine and terrestrial geothermal systems, including microbial functional potentials for carbon fixation and energy conversion. Furthermore, shallow-sea hydrothermal systems shared many of the major microbial genera that were first isolated from deep-sea and terrestrial geothermal systems, while deep-sea and terrestrial geothermal systems shared few genera.ConclusionsThe metabolic machinery of the active populations within Epsilonbacteraeota and Gammaproteobacteria at shallow-sea vents can mirror those living at deep-sea vents. With respect to specific taxa and metabolic potentials, the microbial realm in the shallow-sea hydrothermal system presented ecological linkage to both deep-sea and terrestrial geothermal systems.
Surgical resection of a tuberculoma in the diaphragm: a case report
Authors: Hashinokuchi Asato , Kohno Mikihiro , Kosai Keisuke , Ono Yuki , Haratake Naoki , Shibata Daiki , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Takenaka Tomoyoshi , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis commonly affects the lymphatic system, nervous system, and gastrointestinal system. Tuberculous infection in the muscle is very rare. Moreover, tuberculous infection in the diaphragm is extremely rare. We herein report a case of tuberculomas in the diaphragm and posterior mediastinum that were successfully diagnosed and treated.

Case presentation
We encountered a 62-year-old woman with a tuberculoma in the diaphragm. The patient presented with mild dyspnea. Computed tomography showed a mass in the left diaphragm, focal thickening of the posterior mediastinum, and multiple nodules in the lungs. Positron emission tomography–computed tomography showed increased uptake in the left diaphragm mass and thickening of the posterior mediastinum; therefore, we considered the masses to be malignant and planned surgical resection. However, the patient was diagnosed with tuberculosis from a sputum culture, and she was treated with anti-tuberculous therapy. The masses in the diaphragm and posterior mediastinum had become enlarged after 6 months of anti-tuberculous therapy; therefore, the patient underwent resection of both masses. Tuberculous infection was histologically confirmed in each lesion. She was pathologically diagnosed with tuberculous abscesses in the diaphragm and posterior mediastinum and began treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Conclusions
Preoperative diagnosis of a tuberculoma in the diaphragm is usually difficult, and surgical intervention is important for both diagnosis and treatment.
The management of perioperative pain in craniosynostosis repair: a systematic literature review of the current practices and guidelines for the future
Authors: Mortada Hatan , AlKhashan Raghad , Alhindi Nawaf , AlWaily Haifa B. , Alsadhan Ghada A. , Alrobaiea Saad , Arab Khalid 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Craniosynostosis is a condition characterized by a premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. The surgical repair of craniosynostosis causes significant pain for the child. A key focus of craniosynostosis repair is developing effective strategies to manage perioperative pain. This study aimed to review perioperative pain control strategies for craniosynostosis repair systematically.

Methods
Guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses were used in the design of this review. In May 2022, the following databases were used to conduct the literature search: MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. A search was performed using MeSH terms “craniosynostosis,” “pain management,” and “cranioplasty.”

Results
The literature review yielded 718 publications. After applying our inclusion criteria, 17 articles were included, accounting for a total of 893 patients. During the postoperative period, most studies used multimodal analgesia, primarily opioids, and acetaminophen. In the postoperative period, oral ibuprofen was the most commonly used NSAID, rectal codeine, and acetaminophen were the most commonly used weak opioids, and continuous remifentanil infusion was the most commonly used potent opioid.

Conclusion
The authors determined the best pain management options for pediatric patients undergoing cranioplasty by analyzing the most commonly used analgesics. A high-quality clinical trial comparing different types of analgesic combinations would be a valuable addition to the present literature.
Sleep quality and associated factors among type 2 Dm patients and non-Dm individuals in Bahir Dar governmental hospitals: comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Zewdu Dagmawit , Gedamu Haileyesus , Beyene Yeshiwork , Tadesse Mekdes , Tamirat Mahlet , Muluken Silenat 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple factors may contribute to sleep disruption among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellites. Sleep disruption among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellites is frequently associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs. Nevertheless, literature in this regard is scanty in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare the prevalence of poor sleep quality and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellites patients and non-diabetes individuals in Bahir Dar governmental hospitals.

Methods
Comparative cross-sectional study was employed among 292 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellites and 291 non-diabetic individuals in Bahir Dar governmental hospitals from March 01- to April-01. A two-stage cluster sampling method was employed to select participants. Pittsburgh sleeps quality index was used for assessing sleep quality. For analysis, descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models were used.

Result
The prevalence of poor sleep was 50.7% (95% CI; 44.9–56.2) and 31.8% (95% CI 26.5–37.5) among individuals with type 2 diabetes melilites and non-diabetic, respectively. Among the overall participants, type 2 diabetes melilites patients were also significantly associated with poor sleep quality than non-diabetic individuals (AOR = 1.89; 95% CI; 1.19–2.87). Comorbidity, duration of DM > 10 years, Poor glycaemic control, depression, low physical activity, and poor social support were factors significantly associated with poor sleep quality among individuals with type 2 diabetes melilites. Among non-diabetic individuals, low physical activity, poor social support, depression, and age group (> 50 years) were factors significantly associated with poor sleep quality.

Conclusion
In this study, poor sleep among individuals with type 2 diabetes melilites was higher than in non-diabetes individuals.
Plasmonic anapole metamaterial for refractive index sensing
Authors: Yao Jin , Ou Jun-Yu , Savinov Vassili , Chen Mu Ku , Kuo Hsin Yu , Zheludev Nikolay I. , Tsai Din Ping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectromagnetic anapole mode is a nonradiative state of light originating from the deconstructive interference of radiation of the oscillating electric and toroidal dipole moments. The high quality anapole-related resonances can be used in enhancing nonlinear electromagnetic properties of materials and in sensor applications. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate plasmonic anapole metamaterial sensor of environmental refractive index in the optical part of the spectrum. Our results show that the sensor exhibits high sensitivity to the ambient refractive index at the level of 330 nm/RIU and noise floor of 8.7 × 10-5 RIU. This work will pave the way for applications of anapole metamaterials in biosensing and spectroscopy.
CRISPR/Cas systems usher in a new era of disease treatment and diagnosis
Authors: Li Ruiting , Wang Qin , She Kaiqin , Lu Fang , Yang Yang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe discovery and development of the CRISPR/Cas system is a milestone in precise medicine. CRISPR/Cas nucleases, base-editing (BE) and prime-editing (PE) are three genome editing technologies derived from CRISPR/Cas. In recent years, CRISPR-based genome editing technologies have created immense therapeutic potential with safe and efficient viral or non-viral delivery systems. Significant progress has been made in applying genome editing strategies to modify T cells and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ex vivo and to treat a wide variety of diseases and disorders in vivo. Nevertheless, the clinical translation of this unique technology still faces many challenges, especially targeting, safety and delivery issues, which require further improvement and optimization. In addition, with the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), CRISPR-based molecular diagnosis has attracted extensive attention. Growing from the specific set of molecular biological discoveries to several active clinical trials, CRISPR/Cas systems offer the opportunity to create a cost-effective, portable and point-of-care diagnosis through nucleic acid screening of diseases. In this review, we describe the development, mechanisms and delivery systems of CRISPR-based genome editing and focus on clinical and preclinical studies of therapeutic CRISPR genome editing in disease treatment as well as its application prospects in therapeutics and molecular detection.
State of the Biomarker Science in Ovarian Cancer: A National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Planning Meeting Report
Authors: Ethier Josee-Lyne , Fuh Katherine C. , Arend Rebecca , Konecny Gottfried E. , Konstantinopoulos Panagiotis A. , Odunsi Kunle , Swisher Elizabeth M. , Kohn Elise C. , Zamarin Dmitriy 
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE Despite therapeutic advances in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OC), 5-year survival remains low, and patients eventually die from recurrent, chemotherapy-resistant disease. The National Cancer Gynecologic Cancer Steering Committee identified the integration of scientifically defined subgroups as a top strategic priority in clinical trial planning. METHODS A group of experts was convened to review the scientific literature in OC to identify validated predictive biomarkers that could inform patient selection and treatment stratification. Here, we report on these findings and their potential for use in future clinical trial design on the basis of hierarchal evidence grading. RESULTS The biomarkers were classified on the basis of mechanistic targeting, including DNA repair and replication stress, immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment, oncogenic signaling, and angiogenesis. Currently, BRCA mutations and homologous recombination deficiency to predict poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor response are supported in OC by the highest level of evidence. Additional biomarkers of response to agents targeting the pathways above have been identified but require prospective validation. CONCLUSION Although a number of biomarkers of response to various agents in OC have been described in the literature, high-level evidence for the majority is lacking. This report highlights the unmet need for identification and validation of predictive biomarkers to guide therapy and future trial design in OC.
Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Diagnosed in Childhood Can Be Monogenic
Authors: Hopkins Jasmin J , Childs Alexandra J , Houghton Jayne A L , Hewat Thomas I , Atapattu Navoda , Johnson Matthew B , Patel Kashyap A , Laver Thomas W , Flanagan Sarah E 
Published: October 2022

AbstractContextCongenital hyperinsulinism (HI) is characterized by inappropriate insulin secretion despite low blood glucose. Persistent HI is often monogenic, with the majority of cases diagnosed in infancy. Less is known about the contribution of monogenic forms of disease in those presenting in childhood.ObjectiveWe investigated the likelihood of finding a genetic cause in childhood-onset HI and explored potential factors leading to later age at presentation of disease.MethodsWe screened known disease-causing genes in 1848 individuals with HI, referred for genetic testing as part of routine clinical care. Individuals were classified as infancy-onset (diagnosed with HI &lt; 12 months of age) or childhood-onset (diagnosed at age 1-16 years). We assessed clinical characteristics and the genotypes of individuals with monogenic HI diagnosed in childhood to gain insights into the later age at diagnosis of HI in these children.ResultsWe identified the monogenic cause in 24% (n = 42/173) of the childhood-onset HI cohort; this was significantly lower than the proportion of genetic diagnoses in infancy-onset cases (74.5% [n = 1248/1675], P &lt; 0.00001). Most (75%) individuals with genetically confirmed childhood-onset HI were diagnosed before 2.7 years, suggesting these cases represent the tail end of the normal distribution in age at diagnosis. This is supported by the finding that 81% of the variants identified in the childhood-onset cohort were detected in those diagnosed in infancy.ConclusionWe have shown that monogenic HI is an important cause of hyperinsulinism presenting outside of infancy. Genetic testing should be considered in children with persistent hyperinsulinism, regardless of age at diagnosis.
Latina/o Postsecondary Education: Trends in Racial/Ethnic Education Gaps and the Role of Citizenship in Access to Higher Education
Authors: Dyer Shauna , Román-Torres Giovanni 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBlack–Latina/o and White–Latina/o bachelor's degree gaps persist in the United States despite substantial increases in Latina/o educational attainment since the late 1950s. The Latina/o population has grown rapidly in recent decades and currently comprises more than 20% of the U.S. population; however, barriers to citizenship have grown in tandem and have limited access to higher education. Using data from the U.S. Census (1950–2010) and the American Community Survey (2015–2017), we examine trends in Black–Latina/o and White–Latina/o college completion gaps and factors that may explain them. We find that college enrollment differences explain the majority of the bachelor's degree gaps. We then decompose enrollment gaps by differences in enrollment by citizenship and find that if the Latina/o population had the same citizenship rate as the White and Black populations, the Black–Latina/o enrollment gaps would effectively disappear and the White–Latina/o enrollment gaps would be reduced by up to 75%. Our findings indicate that the Latina/o population's relatively low college completion rates are partially explained by restricted access to citizenship. The high proportion of Latina/o noncitizens has also masked the considerable educational progress Latina/o citizens have made in recent decades.
Investigating the link between morphological characteristics and diet in an island population of omnivorous reptiles (Sphenodon punctatus)
Authors: Lamar Sarah K. , Altobelli Joseph T. , Nelson Nicola J. , Ormsby Diane K. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
The morphological characteristics that impact feeding ecology in ectotherms, particularly reptiles, are poorly understood. We used morphometric measures and stable isotope analysis (carbon-13 and nitrogen-15) to assess the link between diet and functional morphology in an island population of an evolutionarily unique reptile, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus). First, we established a significant positive correlation between overall body size, gape size, and fat store in tuatara (n=56). Next, we describe the relationship between stable isotope profiles created from whole blood and nail trim samples and demonstrate that nail trims offer a low-impact method of creating a long-term dietary profile in ectotherms. We used nitrogen-15 values to assess trophic level in the population and found that tuatara on Takapourewa forage across multiple trophic levels. Finally, we found a significant relationship between gape size and carbon-13 (linear regression: P&lt;0.001), with tuatara with large gapes showing dietary profiles that suggest a higher intake of marine (seabird) prey. However, whether body size or gape size is the primary adaptive characteristic allowing for more optimal foraging is yet unknown.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
News from around the RNA world: new avenues in RNA biology, biotechnology and therapeutics from the 2022 SIBBM meeting
Authors: Brancato Virginia , Brentari Ilaria , Coscujuela Tarrero Lucia , Furlan Mattia , Nicassio Francesco , Denti Michela A. 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Since the formalization of the Central Dogma of molecular biology, the relevance of RNA in modulating the flow of information from DNA to proteins has been clear. More recently, the discovery of a vast set of non-coding transcripts involved in crucial aspects of cellular biology has renewed the enthusiasm of the RNA community. Moreover, the remarkable impact of RNA therapies in facing the COVID19 pandemics has bolstered interest in the translational opportunities provided by this incredible molecule. For all these reasons, the Italian Society of Biophysics and Molecular Biology (SIBBM) decided to dedicate its 17th yearly meeting, held in June 2022 in Rome, to the many fascinating aspects of RNA biology. More than thirty national and international speakers covered the properties, modes of action and applications of RNA, from its role in the control of development and cell differentiation to its involvement in disease. Here, we summarize the scientific content of the conference, highlighting the take-home message of each presentation, and we stress the directions the community is currently exploring to push forward our comprehension of the RNA World 3.0.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound in detection and follow-up of focal renal infections in children
Authors: Pšeničny Evita , Glušič Mojca , Pokorn Marko , Ključevšek Damjana 
Published: October 2022

Objective: Focal renal infections in children have to be diagnosed early in order to enable an appropriate antibiotic treatment. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the efficacy and clinical utility of intravenous renal contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) as an alternative imaging method for the diagnosis and follow-up of focal renal infections in children. Methods: Fourteen children aged from 6 months to 17 years (mean 6.5 years) in whom focal renal infection was suspected were included in this retrospective study. All data were obtained from medical and imaging records of the patients. Results: CEUS was performed for the diagnosis in all 14 children and then also for follow-up in seven children with renal abscess. In three children enhancement pattern was concordant with focal nephritis and in four children CEUS excluded focal renal infection and the diagnosis of pseudolesion was confirmed. Conclusion: Renal CEUS was proven to be an efficient and self-sufficient imaging in diagnosis and further follow-up of focal renal infections in children. CEUS patterns of focal renal infections are described as well as relevant CEUS enhancement patterns important for differential diagnosis. Renal abscess follow-up algorithm with CEUS is suggested. Advances in knowledge: All clinically relevant imaging data was obtained by CEUS and no other imaging was necessary for the diagnosis and follow-up.
Sovereignty as an environmental practice: the problem of territoriality and anthropocentrism
Authors: Walewicz Piotr 
Published: October 2022

The article is a theoretical study of state sovereignty. By looking at the concept in a different way from traditional methods, it tries to discern whether sovereignty is necessarily antithetical to a sustainable world. Emphasis is put on its territoriality and anthropocentrism – both of which make it into a major obstacle when tackling global and transnational environmental problems. State sovereignty is analyzed as an environmental practice of the state, which allows for the control of resources to be used by capital. The analysis is conducted using theoretical and conceptual critique as the main method. It is based on various sources ranging from critical geopolitics and critical geography to political science and political ecology, including the concept of Capitalocene. As long as sovereignty remains utilized by the state in service to capital, it will be used to cement its ability to control space and extract resources. However, a different kind of sovereignty is imaginable and therefore the institution itself is neither friend nor enemy to environmental politics. This new understanding of sovereignty opens up new avenues for theoretical research in political ecology and International Relations, bridging the gap between traditional state-centric approaches and the transboundary nature of ecological problems.