bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circumventing the stability problems of graphene nanoribbon zigzag edges
Authors: Lawrence James , Berdonces-Layunta Alejandro , Edalatmanesh Shayan , Castro-Esteban Jesús , Wang Tao , Jimenez-Martin Alejandro , de la Torre Bruno , Castrillo-Bodero Rodrigo , Angulo-Portugal Paula , Mohammed Mohammed S. G. , Matěj Adam , Vilas-Varela Manuel , Schiller Frederik , Corso Martina , Jelinek Pavel , Peña Diego , de Oteyza Dimas G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCarbon nanostructures with zigzag edges exhibit unique properties—such as localized electronic states and spins—with exciting potential applications. Such nanostructures however are generally synthesized under vacuum because their zigzag edges are unstable under ambient conditions: a barrier that must be surmounted to achieve their scalable integration into devices for practical purposes. Here we show two chemical protection/deprotection strategies, demonstrated on labile, air-sensitive chiral graphene nanoribbons. Upon hydrogenation, the chiral graphene nanoribbons survive exposure to air, after which they are easily converted back to their original structure by annealing. We also approach the problem from another angle by synthesizing a form of the chiral graphene nanoribbons that is functionalized with ketone side groups. This oxidized form is chemically stable and can be converted to the pristine hydrocarbon form by hydrogenation and annealing. In both cases, the deprotected chiral graphene nanoribbons regain electronic properties similar to those of the pristine nanoribbons. We believe both approaches may be extended to other graphene nanoribbons and carbon-based nanostructures.
Real-time denoising enables high-sensitivity fluorescence time-lapse imaging beyond the shot-noise limit
Authors: Li Xinyang , Li Yixin , Zhou Yiliang , Wu Jiamin , Zhao Zhifeng , Fan Jiaqi , Deng Fei , Wu Zhaofa , Xiao Guihua , He Jing , Zhang Yuanlong , Zhang Guoxun , Hu Xiaowan , Chen Xingye , Zhang Yi , Qiao Hui , Xie Hao , Li Yulong , Wang Haoqian , Fang Lu , Dai Qionghai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA fundamental challenge in fluorescence microscopy is the photon shot noise arising from the inevitable stochasticity of photon detection. Noise increases measurement uncertainty and limits imaging resolution, speed and sensitivity. To achieve high-sensitivity fluorescence imaging beyond the shot-noise limit, we present DeepCAD-RT, a self-supervised deep learning method for real-time noise suppression. Based on our previous framework DeepCAD, we reduced the number of network parameters by 94%, memory consumption by 27-fold and processing time by a factor of 20, allowing real-time processing on a two-photon microscope. A high imaging signal-to-noise ratio can be acquired with tenfold fewer photons than in standard imaging approaches. We demonstrate the utility of DeepCAD-RT in a series of photon-limited experiments, including in vivo calcium imaging of mice, zebrafish larva and fruit flies, recording of three-dimensional (3D) migration of neutrophils after acute brain injury and imaging of 3D dynamics of cortical ATP release. DeepCAD-RT will facilitate the morphological and functional interrogation of biological dynamics with a minimal photon budget.
Discovery and molecular basis of subtype-selective cyclophilin inhibitors
Authors: Peterson Alexander A. , Rangwala Aziz M. , Thakur Manish K. , Ward Patrick S. , Hung Christie , Outhwaite Ian R. , Chan Alix I. , Usanov Dmitry L. , Mootha Vamsi K. , Seeliger Markus A. , Liu David R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlthough cyclophilins are attractive targets for probing biology and therapeutic intervention, no subtype-selective cyclophilin inhibitors have been described. We discovered novel cyclophilin inhibitors from the in vitro selection of a DNA-templated library of 256,000 drug-like macrocycles for cyclophilin D (CypD) affinity. Iterated macrocycle engineering guided by ten X-ray co-crystal structures yielded potent and selective inhibitors (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 10 nM) that bind the active site of CypD and also make novel interactions with non-conserved residues in the S2 pocket, an adjacent exo-site. The resulting macrocycles inhibit CypD activity with 21- to >10,000-fold selectivity over other cyclophilins and inhibit mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in isolated mitochondria. We further exploited S2 pocket interactions to develop the first cyclophilin E (CypE)-selective inhibitor, which forms a reversible covalent bond with a CypE S2 pocket lysine, and exhibits 30- to >4,000-fold selectivity over other cyclophilins. These findings reveal a strategy to generate isoform-selective small-molecule cyclophilin modulators, advancing their suitability as targets for biological investigation and therapeutic development.
Age-related injury patterns resulting from knife violence in an urban population
Authors: Vulliamy P. , Hancorn K. , Glasgow S. , West A. , Davenport R. A. , Brohi K. , Griffiths M. P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractInterpersonal violence involving knives is a major public health problem. The majority of patients are young people in urban areas, but little is known about age-specific patterns of injury and recent trends in injury characteristics. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients presenting to an urban major trauma centre with stab injuries resulting from assault between 2012 and 2018. A total of 3583 patients were included. Young people (age under 25) were more likely to have sustained multiple stab wounds compared to older people (43% vs 35%, p < 0.001) and had significantly higher rates of stab injuries involving the lower limbs, groin and buttocks. The annual number of injuries increased steadily during the study period in patients aged under 25 (r2 = 0.82, p = 0.005) and those over 25 (r2 = 0.95, p < 0.001). Over time, limb and junctional injuries accounted for an increasing proportion of stab wounds in young people, overtaking torso injuries as most common pattern of injury by the end of the study period. These findings illustrate the influence of age on injury patterns resulting from knife violence, and support the expansion of outreach initiatives promoting bystander-delivered haemorrhage control of extremity wounds.
Knockdown of heat shock transcription factor 1 decreases temperature stress tolerance in Bemisia tabaci MED
Authors: Bai Jing , Liu Yun-Cai , Wei Ran , Wang Yu-Cheng , Gong Wei-Rong , Du Yu-Zhou 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe primary function of heat shock transcription factor (HSF) in the heat shock response is to activate the transcription of genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs). The phloem-feeding insectBemisia tabaci(Gennadius) is an important pest of cotton, vegetables and ornamentals that transmits several plant viruses and causes enormous agricultural losses. In this study, the gene encoding HSF (Bthsf1) was characterized in MEDB. tabaci. The full-length cDNA encoded a protein of 652 amino acids with an isoelectric point of 5.55. TheBtHSF1 deduced amino acid sequence showed strong similarity to HSF in other insects. Expression analyses using quantitative real-time PCR indicated thatBthsf1was significantly up-regulated inB. tabaciadults and pupae during thermal stress. AlthoughBthsf1was induced by both hot and cold stress, the amplitude of expression was greater in the former.Bthsf1had distinct, significant differences in expression pattern during different duration of high but not low temperature stress. Oral ingestion ofdsBthsf1repressed the expression ofBthsf1and four heat shock proteins (Bthsp90,Bthsp70-3,Bthsp20andBthsp19.5) in MEDB. tabaciduring hot and cold stress. In conclusion, our results show thatBthsf1is differentially expressed during high and low temperature stress and regulates the transcription of multiplehspsin MEDB. tabaci.
High-precision multiparameter estimation of mechanical force by quantum optomechanics
Authors: Ruppert László , Rakhubovsky Andrey , Filip Radim 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA nanomechanical oscillator can be used as a sensitive probe of a small linearized mechanical force. We propose a simple quantum optomechanical scheme using a coherent light mode in the cavity and weak short-pulsed light-matter interactions. Our main result is that if we transfer some displacement to the mechanical mode in an initialization phase, then a much weaker optomechanical interaction is enough to obtain a high-precision multiparameter estimation of the unknown force. This approach includes not only estimating the displacement caused by the force but also simultaneously observing the phase shift and squeezing of the mechanical mode. We show that the proposed scheme is robust against typical experimental imperfections and demonstrate the feasibility of our scheme using orders of magnitude weaker optomechanical interactions than in previous related works. Thus, we present a simple, robust estimation scheme requiring only very weak light-matter interactions, which could open the way to new nanomechanical sensors.
Experimental and theoretical study of the effect of different functionalities of graphene oxide/polymer composites on selective CO2 capture
Authors: Stankovic Branislav , Barbarin Iranzu , Sanz Oihane , Tomovska Radmila , Ruipérez Fernando 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere is a constant need for versatile technologies to reduce the continuously increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, able to provide effective solutions under different conditions (temperature, pressure) and composition of the flue gas. In this work, a combination of graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized waterborne polymer particles was investigated, as versatile and promising candidates for CO2 capture application, with the aim to develop an easily scalable, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly CO2 capture technology. There are huge possibilities of different functional monomers that can be selected to functionalize the polymer particles and to provide CO2-philicity to the composite nanostructures. Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to gain a deeper understanding of the interactions of these complex composite materials with CO2 and N2 molecules, and to build a basis for efficient screening for functional monomers. Estimation of the binding energy between CO2 and a set of GO/polymer composites, comprising copolymers of methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and different functional monomers, shows that it depends strongly on the polymer functionalities. In some cases, there is a lack of cooperative effect of GO. It is explained by a remarkably strong GO-polymer binding, which induced less effective CO2-polymer interactions. When compared with experimental results, in the cases when the nanocomposite structures presented similar textural properties, the same trends for selective CO2 capture over N2 were attained. Besides novel functional materials for CO2 capture and a deeper understanding of the interactions between CO2 molecules with various materials, this study additionally demonstrates that DFT calculations can be a shorter route toward the efficient selection of the best functionalization of the composite materials for selective CO2 capture.
Compact all-optical precision-tunable narrowband hard Compton X-ray source
Authors: Brümmer T. , Bohlen S. , Grüner F. , Osterhoff J. , Põder K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractReadily available bright X-ray beams with narrow bandwidth and tunable energy promise to unlock novel developments in a wide range of applications. Among emerging alternatives to large-scale and costly present-day radiation sources which severely restrict the availability of such beams, compact laser-plasma-accelerator-driven inverse Compton scattering sources show great potential. However, these sources are currently limited to tens of percent bandwidths, unacceptably large for many applications. Here, we show conceptually that using active plasma lenses to tailor the electron bunch-photon interaction, tunable X-ray and gamma beams with percent-level bandwidths can be produced. The central X-ray energy is tunable by varying the focusing strength of the lens, without changing electron bunch properties, allowing for precision-tuning the X-ray beam energy. This method is a key development towards laser-plasma-accelerator-driven narrowband, precision tunable femtosecond photon sources, enabling a paradigm shift and proliferation of compact X-ray applications.
Symptoms of depression and anxiety increased marginally from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic among young adults in Canada
Authors: Sylvestre Marie-Pierre , Tchouangue Dinkou Gillis D. , Armasu Alexia , Pelekanakis Annie , Plourde Vickie , Bélanger Mathieu , Maximova Katerina , Thombs Brett D. , O’Loughlin Jennifer 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe documented changes in depressive and anxiety symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic among young adults and investigated whether changes differed across participant characteristics. Data were available in an investigation of 1294 grade 7 students recruited in 1999–2000. For this analysis, we used data collected pre-pandemically in 2017–20 (mean (SD) age = 30.6 (1.0)) and during the pandemic in 2020–21 (mean (SD) age = 33.6 (0.6)). 673 participants with data in both cycles were retained for analysis. Symptoms were measured using the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. Standardized mean differences (SMD) of changes in MDI and GAD-7 values between cycles were calculated across participant characteristics. On average, MDI scores increased by 2.1 (95%CI 1.4, 2.8) points during the pandemic from mean 10.5; GAD-7 scores increased by 1.2 (0.8, 1.5) points from mean 4.7. The SMD was 0.24 (0.14, 0.33) for MDI, and 0.24 (0.13, 0.34) for GAD-7. No differences in MDI change scores were observed across participant characteristics. Differences in GAD-7 change scores were observed by mood/anxiety disorder (SMD − 0.31 (− 0.58, − 0.05)), household income (0.24 (0.02, 48)), living with young children (− 0.56 (− 1.23,− 0.05)), and adherence to public health recommendations 0.58 (0.19, 1.03)). Increases in depressive and anxiety symptoms were observed 10–16 months into the COVID-19 pandemic among adults age 32–36.
Influence factors and prediction model of enstrophy dissipation from the tip leakage vortex in a multiphase pump
Authors: Shu Zekui , Shi Guangtai , Yao Xin , Sun Guodong , Tao Sijia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn a multiphase pump, tip clearance is the required distance between the blade tip and the pump body wall of the impeller, forming tip leakage vortex (TLV), causing unstable flow and energy dissipation. In the present work, the enstrophy dissipation theory is innovatively applied to quantitatively study the energy dissipation of the TLV. The flow rate, tip clearance, and inlet gas void fraction (IGVF) play a crucial role in affecting the enstrophy dissipation of the TLV. The results show that increasing flow rate, tip clearance, and IGVF significantly exacerbate the TLV pattern and raise the TLV scale, which gradually raises volume enstrophy dissipation and decreases wall enstrophy dissipation. As the flow rate increases, the separation angle between the primary TLV trajectory and the blade gradually decreases, and widely dispersing the enstrophy dissipation near the shroud. However, as the tip clearance increases, the tip separated vortex scale increases and extends to the suction surface, raising the velocity gradient. Besides, as the IGVF increases, the secondary TLV develops from a continuous sheet vortex to a scattered strip vortex, increasing the significantly increasing the enstrophy dissipation. Considering the flow rate, tip clearance, and IGVF as independent variables, simple and multiple nonlinear regression models have the ability to predict the enstrophy dissipation of the TLV accurately.
Computational and experimental elucidation of the boosted stability and antibacterial activity of ZIF-67 upon optimized encapsulation with polyoxometalates
Authors: Mohamed Aya M. , Abbas Walaa A. , Khedr Ghada E. , Abass Wessam , Allam Nageh K. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWater microbial purification is one of the hottest topics that threats human morbidity and mortality. It is indispensable to purify water using antimicrobial agents combined with several technologies and systems. Herein, we introduce a class of nanosized metal organic framework; Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) cages encapsulated with polyoxometalates synthesized via facile one-step co-precipitation method. We employed two types of polyoxometalates bioactive agents; phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) that act as novel antibacterial purification agents. Several characterization techniques were utilized to investigate the morphological, structural, chemical, and physical properties such as FESEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms techniques. The antibacterial assessment was evaluated using colony forming unit (CFU) against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as models of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. The PTA@ZIF-67 showed higher microbial inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by 98.8% and 84.6%, respectively. Furthermore, computational modeling using density functional theory was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of PTA when compared to PMA. The computational and experimental findings demonstrate that the fabricated POM@ZIF-67 materials exhibited outstanding bactericidal effect against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and effectively purify contaminated water.
Conformational change of RNA-helicase DHX30 by ALS/FTD-linked FUS induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cytosolic aggregates
Authors: Hikiami Ryota , Morimura Toshifumi , Ayaki Takashi , Tsukiyama Tomoyuki , Morimura Naoko , Kusui Makiko , Wada Hideki , Minamiyama Sumio , Shodai Akemi , Asada-Utsugi Megumi , Muramatsu Shin-ichi , Ueki Takatoshi , Takahashi Ryosuke , Urushitani Makoto 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGenetic mutations in fused in sarcoma (FUS) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although mitochondrial dysfunction and stress granule have been crucially implicated in FUS proteinopathy, the molecular basis remains unclear. Here, we show that DHX30, a component of mitochondrial RNA granules required for mitochondrial ribosome assembly, interacts with FUS, and plays a crucial role in ALS-FUS. WT FUS did not affect mitochondrial localization of DHX30, but the mutant FUS lowered the signal of mitochondrial DHX30 and promoted the colocalization of cytosolic FUS aggregates and stress granule markers. The immunohistochemistry of the spinal cord from an ALS-FUS patient also confirmed the colocalization, and the immunoelectron microscope demonstrated decreased mitochondrial DHX30 signal in the spinal motor neurons. Subcellular fractionation by the detergent-solubility and density-gradient ultracentrifugation revealed that mutant FUS also promoted cytosolic mislocalization of DHX30 and aggregate formation. Interestingly, the mutant FUS disrupted the DHX30 conformation with aberrant disulfide formation, leading to impaired mitochondrial translation. Moreover, blue-native gel electrophoresis revealed an OXPHOS assembly defect caused by the FUS mutant, which was similar to that caused by DHX30 knockdown. Collectively, our study proposes DHX30 as a pivotal molecule in which disulfide-mediated conformational change mediates mitochondrial dysfunction and cytosolic aggregate formation in ALS-FUS.
Associations between salivary cytokines and oral health, age, and sex in healthy children
Authors: Rinderknecht Charlotte , Filippi Cornelia , Ritz Nicole , Fritschi Nora , Simmen Urs , Filippi Andreas , Diesch-Furlanetto Tamara 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHuman saliva is a complex fluid containing proteins such as salivary cytokines, which can be used for diagnostic purposes, particularly among the pediatric population. This study aimed to assess the concentrations of salivary cytokines in healthy children and adolescents and determine their associations with age, sex, and oral and dental findings. Healthy children and adolescents aged 4–18 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The concentrations of the following salivary cytokines were measured by Luminex technology: IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IP-10, TNF-α, and VEGF-A. Additionally, oral and dental parameters were recorded using a standardized protocol. A total of 128 participants (mean age, 10.7 years; males, 50.8%) were enrolled. The levels of 1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were significantly higher in those with gingivitis. Increased salivary flow rates were negatively correlated with IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and VEGF-A concentrations. The findings of this study showed that the concentrations of most of the salivary cytokines were positively correlated with age and the presence of oral pathologies (such as gingivitis and caries) and negatively correlated with salivary flow rate.
The heating efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles under an alternating magnetic field
Authors: Yu Xiaogang , Yang Renpeng , Wu Chengwei , Liu Bo , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2022

AbstractHysteresis loss and relaxation loss are the two dominant heating mechanisms of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in an alternating magnetic field (AMF). In magnetic induction hyperthermia, heating efficiency is one of the crucial factors. It is proposed that the MNPs with a dominant heating mechanism of relaxation loss will exhibit a higher heating efficiency. However, the relative experiments supporting the proposal is still absent due to the difficulty of obtaining the MNPs with the same components and similar morphology but different dominant heating mechanism. Here, the post-processing method of calcination is employed to change the cation distribution of the MNPs (Fe3O4 and Zn0.54Co0.46Cr0.6Fe1.4O4), so as to obtain the MNPs with similar morphology but different dominant heating mechanism. The magnetic heating experiments were conducted to examine the heating efficiency. The results suggest that the MNPs with relaxation loss have a higher heating efficiency under the investigated AMF.
Smoking-induced microbial dysbiosis in health and disease
Authors: Shapiro Hagit , Goldenberg Kim , Ratiner Karina , Elinav Eran 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSmoking is associated with an increased risk of cancer, pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, but the precise mechanisms by which such risk is mediated remain poorly understood. Additionally, smoking can impact the oral, nasal, oropharyngeal, lung and gut microbiome composition, function, and secreted molecule repertoire. Microbiome changes induced by smoking can bear direct consequences on smoking-related illnesses. Moreover, smoking-associated dysbiosis may modulate weight gain development following smoking cessation. Here, we review the implications of cigarette smoking on microbiome community structure and function. In addition, we highlight the potential impacts of microbial dysbiosis on smoking-related diseases. We discuss challenges in studying host–microbiome interactions in the context of smoking, such as the correlations with smoking-related disease severity versus causation and mechanism. In all, understanding the microbiome’s role in the pathophysiology of smoking-related diseases may promote the development of rational therapies for smoking- and smoking cessation-related disorders, as well as assist in smoking abstinence.