bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation of chigger mites in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Hyeon Seung , Choi Kwang Shik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe chigger mite is a known vector for the zoonotic disease, Tsutsugamushi, which affects more than 4,000 patients each year in the Republic of Korea (ROK) since 2004. However, molecular data is only available for a few species of chigger mite, compared to the numbers of known species. This study focused on securing molecular data for six species (Leptotrombidium pallidum, Leptotrombidium scutellare, Leptotrombidium palpale, Leptotrombidium orientale, Neotrombicula gardellai, and Euschoengastia koreaensis) of chigger mites in the ROK from cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2). In the results, there were each two genotypes in L. pallidum and L. palpale, and three genotypes in L. scutellae in the COI, whereas the ITS2 sequence was identical within the species. The other three species were identical from COI and ITS2. This study first revealed the genetic variation in the COI sequences of chigger mites in the ROK. Further studies could determine how this variation is related to ecological behavior and disease transmission.
Pilot study of toxicological safety evaluation in acute and 28‐day studies of selenium nanoparticles decorated by polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme in Kunming mice
Authors: Zhao Hongying , Liu Changjun , Song Jiaxin , Fan Xiaodan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe monodisperse and nearly spherical selenium nanoparticles decorated by polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme (SFPS‐SeNPs) were prepared, characterized, and evaluated in acute and 28‐day toxicological safety studies. In the acute toxicity study, mice underwent oral administration of 26.94, 40.28, 60.21, 90.11, and 134.70 mg Se/kg of SFPS‐SeNPs for 14 days. In the 28‐day study, mice underwent a daily oral administration of 17.75, 8.87, and 4.43 mg Se/kg/day of SFPS‐SeNPs, 4.43 mg Se/kg/day of Na2SeO3, and normal saline for 28 days. The animals’ general behavior, body weight, biochemical and hematologic parameters, organ coefficients, pathological morphology, Se content, and accumulation rate of Se in vital organs were determined. Results showed that the median lethal dose was 88.76 Se mg/kg and no observed adverse effect level was 4.43 mg Se/kg/day for 28 days. Compared with Na2SeO3, SFPS‐SeNPs may lead to slightly higher toxicological effects, and it probably accumulates in the liver in the oral dose of 4.43 mg Se/kg/day in Kunming mice. SFPS and nanotechnology can reduce the toxicity of selenium, and SFPS‐SeNPs or SeNPs‐polysaccharides can be potential candidates for drug delivery and food supplement.Practical ApplicationSelenium nanoparticles decorated by polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme can improve the stability and reduce the toxicity of selenium nanoparticles. These results of the toxicological safety evaluation can lay the foundation for the safe utilization of selenium nanoparticles decorated by polysaccharides and expand their application in the field of food and medicine.
Metabolomics‐based analysis of flavonoid metabolites in Chinese jujube and sour jujube fruits from different harvest periods
Authors: Xue Xiaofang , Zhao Ailing , Wang Yongkang , Ren Haiyan , Li Yi , Li Dengke , Du Junjie 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and sour jujube (Ziziphus spinosa Hu.) fruits have health benefits because they contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids. However, differences in the flavonoid metabolites of these two fruits remain unclear. We determined the flavonoids present in Z. jujuba cv. Hupingzao (HPZ) and Z. spinosa cv. Taigusuanzao (TGSZ) from two different harvest periods fruits: HPZ white period (HW) and HPZ red period (HR) as well as TGSZ white period (SW) and TGSZ red period (SR). We identified 123 flavonoid metabolites: 40 flavonols, 37 flavones, 12 anthocyanins, 9 dihydroflavones, 8 flavanols, 7 flavonoid carbonosides, 5 dihydroflavonols, 3 isoflavones, and 2 chalcones. The total flavonoid content of both HPZ and TGSZ decreased with fruit development and was significantly higher in TGSZ than in HPZ fruits. Moreover, we detected 63, 81, 56, and 63 differential flavonoid metabolites (DFMs) between HW and HR (two upregulated and 61 downregulated), SW and SR (four upregulated and 77 downregulated), HW and SW (54 upregulated and two downregulated), and HR and SR (62 upregulated and one downregulated), respectively. KEGG pathway annotation and enrichment analysis showed that 22 DFMs were annotated seven relevant metabolic pathways, among which flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and secondary metabolites biosynthesis pathway were the main pathways, and flavanols were the primary metabolites that influenced the difference in flavonoid accumulation between the fruits. To our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the differences in flavonoid metabolism between Chinese jujube and sour jujube. Our findings may facilitate the comprehensive use of functional flavonoids.Practical ApplicationChinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and sour jujube (Ziziphus spinosa Hu.) fruits have health benefits because they contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids. However, differences in the flavonoid metabolites of these two fruits remain unclear. We determined the flavonoids present in Z. jujuba cv. Hupingzao (HPZ) and Z. spinosa cv. Taigusuanzao (TGSZ) from two different harvest periods. Our findings may facilitate the comprehensive use and product research of functional flavonoids of jujube.
Physicochemical and morphological characteristics of potato pectin with in‐situ acid‐induced gelation
Authors: Hu Qiang , Shi Bingyan , Dong Nan , Yu Xiaoyan , Xiao Chunhua , Lei Zunguo , Li Fei , Ren Tingyuan , Liu Jia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPectin in the potato cell wall plays an important role in strengthening connections of intercellular junctions during thermal processing through in‐situ acid‐induced gelation (in‐situ acid‐induced gelation [AIG]). Thus, the variation in the physicochemical and structural characteristics of potato pectin with in‐situ AIG was focused in this study. The intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonding among (d‐galacturonic acid) GalA units around 3400 cm–1 (absorbance intensity was increased from 50.9 to 70.7) in Fourier transform infrared spectra were enhanced in the pectin with in‐situ AIG. The crystallinity of pectin with in‐situ AIG increased from 4.02% to 36.63%. Atomic force microscopy revealed that pectin with in‐situ AIG was made up of wide linear strands with the length from 0.5 to 4.6 µm. Thermogravimetric and rheological analysis showed that the structure of potato pectin was more stable and resistant to heat processing after in‐situ AIG. These observations proved that the complex structure of potato pectin with in‐situ AIG linked with its thermal stability.Practical ApplicationIn‐situ gelated pectin in the intercellular space caused a helpful structure modification of vegetable to maintain its hardness with heat process. This study will provide novel insights into the physicochemical properties of in‐situ gelated pectin in the potato cell and useful knowledge on the behavior of pectin during the preparation of potato products.
Evaluation of cultivars diversity and lipid composition properties of Idesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels
Authors: Wen Leyan , Xiang Xuwen , Wang Zhirong , Yang Qingqing , Guo Zehang , Huang Pimiao , Mao Jianmei , An Xiaofeng , Kan Jianquan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIdesia polycarpa var. vestita Diels is a perennial deciduous tree widely distributed throughout China. Four I. polycarpa fruit of different cultivars with different fruit issues during the growth process were compared, which were on the basis of morphological characteristics and chemical compositions. The influencing factors of oil accumulation in I. polycarpa fruit and the correlation between different components were investigated, and the results revealed a negative correlation between oil content and total sugar (r = −0.930), ash (r = −0.606), and crude fiber (r = −0.952). Except for oil, none of the chemical components changed substantially during the growing phase, and most cultivars showed higher oil content in the pulp portion (14.14–43.99 g/100 g). Linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in I. polycarpa oil (IPO), with values ranging from 52.18% to 66.65% (fruit), 55.44% to 65.15% (pulp), and 68.99% to 78.76% (seed). Principal component analysis revealed that Hubei varieties are more advantageous. Besides, the lipid composition of IPO was identified by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization Q‐Exactive Focus mass spectrometry. The glyceride components of IPO were mostly composed of 22 triacylglycerols, 30 diacylglycerols, and 8 monoacyglycerols. Meanwhile, linoleic acid was mainly distributed in sn‐2 and sn‐3 positions.Practical ApplicationMorphologic characteristics, chemical compositions, oil fatty acid profiles, and oil correlation factors of I. polycarpa were analyzed. The comprehensive score of oil quality by PCA in Hb fruit was the highest. The glyceride components of I. polycarpa oil were mainly composed of 22 triacylglycerols, 30 diacylglycerols, and eight monoacyglycerols.
Stakeholder Engagement to Guide Decision‐Relevant Water Data Delivery
Authors: Restrepo‐Osorio Diana L. , Stoltz Amanda D. , Herman‐Mercer Nicole M. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTWater resources management and policy making require access to reliable scientific data. However, water managers may need to overcome various obstacles to accessing data. For example, insufficient technological infrastructures, low data literacy, and data format complexities often inhibit data user access. Thus, it is imperative to include stakeholders in the design of data delivery systems. The United States Geological Survey's Water Resources Mission Area is currently developing Integrated Water Availability Assessments (IWAAs) — multi‐extent, stakeholder driven, near real‐time water availability census and prediction for human and ecological uses. To provide appropriate user accessibility to data delivery systems developed for IWAAs, a user‐centered design process including stakeholder focus groups was used to determine potential water data user needs and preferences. Focus groups identified five types of potential users: Public sector water resources managers, Public sector water resources manager data analysts, Industry and private companies, Tribal Nations, and Nonprofit organizations. Different water data user types depended on diverse spatial and temporal scale data. Public sector water resources managers benefitted most from data synthesized into user‐friendly platforms and Public sector water resources data analysts preferred easy access to raw data. These findings can support the development of a water data delivery platform that meets a variety of user needs.
Supranormal arterial oxygen tension only during the first six hours after cardiac arrest is associated with unfavourable outcomes
Authors: Lee Hyoung Youn , Jung Yong Hun , Jeung Kyung Woon , Noh Eul , Lee Jiho , Kim Jung Chul , Lee Byung Kook , Heo Tag , Min Yong Il 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundMultiple studies have investigated the association between hyperoxaemia following cardiac arrest (CA) and unfavourable outcomes; however, they have yielded inconsistent results. Most previous studies quantified oxygen exposure without considering its timing or duration. We investigated the relationship between unfavourable outcomes and supranormal arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), commonly defined as PaO2 > 100 mmHg, at specific time intervals within 24 h following CA.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included 838 adult non‐traumatic patients with CA. The first 24 h following CA were divided into four 6‐h time intervals, and the first 6‐h period was further divided into three 2‐h segments. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess associations of the highest PaO2 and time‐weighted average PaO2 (TWA‐PaO2) values at each time interval with unfavourable outcomes at hospital discharge (cerebral performance categories 3–5).ResultsThe highest PaO2 (p = .028) and TWA‐PaO2 (p = .022) values during the 0–6‐h time interval were significantly associated with unfavourable outcomes, whereas those at time intervals beyond 6 h were not. The association was the strongest at supranormal PaO2 values within the 0–2‐h time interval, becoming significant at PaO2 values ≥ 150 mmHg. During the first 6 h, longer time spent at ≥150 mmHg of PaO2 was associated with an increased risk of unfavourable outcomes (p = .038). The results were consistent across several sensitivity analyses.ConclusionSupranormal PaO2 during but not after the first 6 h following cardiac arrest was independently associated with unfavourable outcomes.
Morphology of lingual papillae in the Javan mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy
Authors: Kusuma Isna Fitranuansa , Damia Ulfah , Megawati Emilia Ika , Saputra Felix Chahya Eka , Karnati Srikanth , Kusindarta Dwi Liliek , Wihadmadyatami Hevi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThere are variations in the tongue papillae among species, including the size, number and type of papillae. There have been no studies describing the detailed tongue morphology of Javan mongoose (Herpestes javanicus). Therefore, we analysed the tongue and lingual structures of Javan mongoose (H. javanicus), using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The tongue was covered by papillae and rough in appearance. We divided the tongue into three regions: the apex, corpus and radix of the tongue. The medioventral section of the tongue was characterized by the presence of a frenulum. We identified four types of papillae: filiform, fungiform, conical and vallate papillae. There were two subtypes of filiform papillae: leaf‐like and conical. Both were seen on the apex, although leaf‐like filiform papillae also extended to the corpus. Fungiform papillae had taste buds on their dorsal surfaces and were observed from the apex to the radix. Vallate papillae, three in numbers only occurred on the radix. Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining showed minor lingual glands on the textus muscularis striatus syncytialis of the corpus and lateral radix, which we identified as Weber glands; we also observed von Ebner glands on this layer of the tongue. These anatomical features of the Javan mongoose tongue are broadly similar to those seen in other carnivores, with some specific differences, such as the number of vallate papillae.
The graviportal spine: Epaxial muscles of the African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana)
Authors: Birgfellner Caroline Maria Victoria , Soley John Thomson , Polsterer Eva , Forstenpointner Gerhard , Weissengruber Gerald Erwin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, we present not only a new and detailed anatomical description of the epaxial muscles and adjacent ligamentous and fascial structures in the African savanna elephant but also a structural and functional comparison with other Afrotherian mammals and some domestic quadrupeds. All structures were examined by means of standard anatomical techniques. The back of the largest land mammal is a crucial part of trunk construction according to the bow and string concept, which is applied also in other quadrupedal animals. The epaxial muscles of the African savanna elephant play an important role in the biomechanical properties of the entire back and in supporting and moving the heavy head. Situated in the short cervical region of the African savanna elephant is a large mass comprised of numerous muscle individuals together with a well‐developed ligamentum nuchae. Parts of the mm. interansversarii ventralis cervicis form a strong muscle belly, which was named the m. intertransversarius longus. Whereas the head is held in a high or extended position most of the time during locomotion, the head and neck are highly mobile while the animal is foraging or socially interacting. Movements between the elements of the thoracic and lumbar spine are likely to be very limited due to the obvious rigidity of the bony vertebral column. Aponeuroses surrounding long epaxial muscles could contribute to an energy‐saving mechanism, which is active during both stance and locomotion. The well‐developed m. serratus dorsalis cranialis helps in facilitating effective breathing in an animal, which is equipped with an unusual pleural structure.
Highlighting adalimumab as a treatment option for systemic treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis: A case series from a tertiary specialised burns centre
Authors: Kherlopian Ashod , Mewton Erin , Fong Gloria , Fischer Gayle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractToxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens‐Johnson Syndrome describe a spectrum of severe cutaneous skin reactions constituting a medical emergency, and no formal treatment guidelines exist to direct systemic immunosuppressive therapy although referral to a burns unit and wound management remains a mainstay of treatment. We performed a retrospective chart review on all patients at a single centre with TEN between 2017 to 2021 to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes of those treated with the tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) inhibitor adalimumab against non‐TNF‐α immunosuppressants such as glucocorticoids, intravenous immunoglobulin and cyclosporine. All patients treated with adalimumab had successful resolution of their TEN, resulting in a mean duration of hospital admission of 22.5 days compared to 33 days for patients treated with non‐TNF‐α inhibitors. We highlight adalimumab as a promising systemic immunomodulator in the treatment of TEN with efficacy comparable to other immunosuppressive agents and associated with a shorter duration of hospital admission.
Myopia progression after cessation of low‐dose atropine eyedrops treatment: A two‐year randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial
Authors: Wei Shifei , Li Shi‐Ming , An Wenzai , Du Jialing , Liang Xintong , Sun Yunyun , Gan Jiahe , Bai Weiling , Tian Jiaxin , Cai Zhining , Yin Lei , Wang Ningli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate myopia progression and axial elongation after stopping 0.01% atropine eye drops through a 2‐year cross‐over study.MethodsThis study was a randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial in mainland China. 220 children aged 6–12 years with spherical equivalent range of −1.00 D to −6.00 D in both eyes were enrolled in Phase 1 for 1 year. Children who had completed the first year's follow‐up continued in the second phase. In Phase 2, the placebo group was crossed over to the 0.01% atropine group (referred to as the ‘placebo‐atropine group’), and the 0.01% atropine group was crossed over to the placebo group (referred to as the ‘atropine‐placebo group’). All children underwent the examination of cycloplegic refraction and axial length at a 6‐month interval. Only data from right eyes were included in analysis.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐three subjects completed 2 years of follow‐up. In the first year, the mean myopia progression in atropine‐placebo group was 0.21 ± 0.08 D slower than that in placebo‐atropine group. After cross‐over treatment, the mean myopia progression in atropine‐placebo group was 0.22 ± 0.07D faster than that in placebo‐atropine group in the second year. Over 2 years, the mean myopia progression was −1.26 ± 0.66D and −1.25 ± 0.70D in the atropine‐placebo and placebo‐atropine groups (p = 0.954).ConclusionsThe difference in myopia progression between atropine‐placebo group and placebo‐atropine group in Phase 1 was similar to Phase 2 during the cross‐over treatment. Through our cross‐over trial, the results suggest that there is no rebound effect after using 0.01% atropine eye drops to prevent progression of myopia.
Sex dimorphism and evidence of sexually selected traits: A case study on the killifish Aphaniops stoliczkanus (Day, 1872)
Authors: Herbert Mainero Andrea , Al‐Jufaili Saud M. , Jawad Laith , Reichenbacher Bettina 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSex dimorphism is found in many organisms and is an important source of intraspecific variation. Among freshwater fishes, all members of the Aphaniidae (killifishes, Cyprinodontiformes) are known for their pronounced sex dimorphism, and it has been proposed that sexual selection has played a role in their diversification. However, few studies have assessed their sex dimorphism in detail. Here, we use Aphaniops stoliczkanus (Day, 1872) to analyse morphological variability within and between sexes and within the total sample using statistical analyses of body morphometry, meristic traits and otolith data. We found that sex dimorphism (i) is significant in many body morphometric variables, but (almost) absent in meristic traits and otolith morphometry, (ii) is most marked in anal‐ and dorsal‐fin lengths (larger in males), and in anal‐ and dorsal‐fin positions (more anteriorly positioned in males) and (iii) does not alter the overall variance of the population unless the character concerned is highly divergent. Our data also suggest that anal‐ and dorsal‐fin lengths in males of A. stoliczkanus are sexually selected traits. Together with literature data, this reinforces the idea that sexual selection plays a role in the diversification of aphaniid species. Our results are also relevant to work on fossils, in which morphological variability is often difficult to interpret.