bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of pharmacological inhibition of hyaluronic acid synthesis on experimental endometriosis
Authors: Olivares Carla Noemí , Ricci Analía Gabriela , Bilotas Mariela Andrea , Alaniz Laura , Barañao Rosa Inés , Meresman Gabriela Fabiana 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundDysregulated hyaluronic acid (HA) metabolism has been shown to be implicated in several pathologies including endometriosis. 4‐Methylumbelliferone (4MU) is an HA synthesis inhibitor with proven antitumour activity. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effect of 4MU on endometriosis development both in vivo and in vitro.MethodsEndometriosis was surgically induced by uterine tissue auto‐transplantation in 32 two‐month‐old BALB/c mice. Animals were designated into the early or late starting treatment group, which initiated on day 2 or day 15 after surgery, respectively. Within each group, 4MU 200 mg/kg/day or vehicle (Control) were administered by oesophageal gavage for 28 days. After sacrifice, the percentage of developed lesions, lesion size, cell proliferation, vascularization and HA deposition within the endometriotic‐like lesions were evaluated. Cell viability was assessed in endometrial epithelial cells (ECC‐1) and in endometrial stromal cells (t‐HESC); and migration was evaluated in t‐HESC.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the percentage of developed lesions in mice that started the 4MU treatment on day 2 compared with its respective control group, and compared with those that started treatment on day 15. However, no significant changes were found when analysing endometriotic‐like lesion's cell proliferation, vascularization and HA deposition. In vitro, both cell viability and migration were inhibited by 4MU treatment.ConclusionsThe inhibition of HA synthesis could be a beneficial and alternative option to treat endometriosis at the early stage of the disease. Further research is necessary to elucidate 4MU's mechanism of action and better strategies for delivering this promising drug.
Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance
Authors: Huang Huanming , Wang Wenqing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAs a powerful anti‐inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antiproliferative drug, glucocorticoid (GC) plays an important role in the treatment of various diseases. However, some patients may experience glucocorticoid resistance (GCR) in clinical, and its molecular mechanism have not been determined.MethodsThe authors performed a review of the literature on GCR focusing on mutations in the NR3C1 gene and impaired glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signalling, using METSTR (2000 through May 2022) to identify original articles and reviews on this topic. The search terms included ‘glucocorticoid resistance/insensitive’, ‘steroid resistance/insensitive’, ‘NR3C1’, and ‘glucocorticoid receptor’.ResultsPrimary GCR is mainly caused by NR3C1 gene mutation, and 31 NR3C1 gene mutations have been reported so far. Secondary GCR is caused by impaired GC signalling pathways, including decreased expression of GR, impaired nuclear translocation of GR, and impaired binding of GR to GC and GR to target genes. However, the current research is more on the expression level of GR, and there are relatively few studies on other mechanisms. In addition, methods for improving GC sensitivity are rarely reported.ConclusionThe molecular mechanisms of GCR are complex and may differ in different diseases or different patients. In future studies, when exploring the mechanism of GCR, methods to improve GC sensitivity should also be investigated.
The impact of inter‐clinician electronic consultation in patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation in primary care
Authors: Mazón‐Ramos Pilar , Cinza‐Sanjurjo Sergio , Garcia‐Vega David , Portela‐Romero Manuel , Rodríguez‐Mañero Moisés , Rey‐Aldana Daniel , Morandeira Agustín Pía , Lage‐Fernández Ricardo , Gude‐Sampedro Francisco , González‐Juanatey José R. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundAn early diagnosis and early initiation of oral anticoagulants (OAC) are main determinants for outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Inter‐clinician electronic consultations (e‐consultations) program for the general practitioner referrals to cardiologist may improve health care access by reducing the elapsed time for cardiology care.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a reduced elapsed time to care after a inter‐clinician e‐consultations program implementation (2013–2019) in comparison with previous in‐person consultation (2010–2012) in the outpatient health care management in a Cardiology Department.MethodologyWe included 10,488 patients with AF from 1 January 2010, to 31 December 2019. Until 2012, all patients attended an in‐person consultation (2010–2012). In 2013, we instituted an e‐consult program (2013–2019) for all primary care referrals to cardiologists that preceded patient's in‐person consultation when considered. The shared electronic patient dossier (EPD) was available between GP and cardiologist, and any change in therapy advice from cardiologist was directly implemented in this EPD.ResultsDuring the e‐consultation period (2013–2019) were referred 6627 patients by GPs to cardiology versus 3861 during the in‐person consultation (2010–2012). The e‐consultation implementation was associated with a reduction in the elapsed time to anticoagulation prescription (177.6 ± 8.9 vs. 22.5 ± 8.1 days, p < .001), and an increase of OAC use (61% [95% IC: 19.6%–102.4%], p < .001). The e‐consult program implementation was associated with a reduction in the 1‐year CV mortality (.48 [95% CI: .30–.75]) and all‐cause mortality (.42 [95% CI: .29–.62]). The OAC reduces the stroke mortality (.15 [95% CI: .06–.39]) and CV mortality (.43 [95% CI: .29–.62]) and all‐cause mortality (.23 [95% CI: .17–.31]).ConclusionA shared EPD‐based inter‐clinician e‐consultation program significantly reduced the elapsed time for cardiology consultation and initiation of OAC. The implementation of this program was associated with a lower risk of stroke and cardiovascular/all‐cause mortality.
Traumatic maxillofacial injuries: Patterns, outcomes, and long‐term follow‐up of a military cohort
Authors: Tsur Nir , Talmy Tomer , Radomislensky Irina , Almog Ofer , Gendler Sami 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsMaxillofacial trauma poses a distinct challenge on the modern battlefield, and data on its long‐term implications are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate maxillofacial injury characteristics, outcomes, and complications along the continuum of care among hospitalized military personnel from the pre‐hospital setting through long‐term rehabilitation.Materials and MethodsA registry‐based study was undertaken of three national trauma and rehabilitation registries: The Israel Defense Forces Trauma Registry (IDF‐TR), which records pre‐hospital data. The Israeli National Trauma Registry for in‐hospital data and the Israel Ministry of Defense Rehabilitation Department (MOD‐RD) registry contain long‐term disability data. The cohort comprised IDF soldiers who suffered maxillofacial injuries between 1997 and 2020.ResultsA total of 672 patients with maxillofacial injuries were included in the study, and 6.4% of all trauma admissions were related to maxillofacial injuries. Of these, 366 (54%) were injured in non‐military (NMC) circumstances, and 306 (46%) were wounded in military circumstances (MC). The mechanisms of injury were mainly traffic‐related among the NMC group compared with an explosion in the MC group. Maxillofacial fractures were frequently associated with traumatic brain injuries with higher rates in the NMC group than in the MC group (55% vs. 30%,p < .001). In a multivariate analysis, zygomatic and orbital fractures were associated with higher odds of concomitant head injury. The most common categories of long‐term disability included central nervous system disorders, skull injuries, epilepsy, hearing impairment, ophthalmologic conditions, and post‐traumatic stress disorder.ConclusionsMaxillofacial injuries are often associated with concomitant traumatic brain injury. Long‐term disabilities associated with these injuries included the central nervous system, hearing, ophthalmologic impairments, and post‐traumatic stress disorder.
Loss of complex female song but not duetting in the ancestors of Carolina wrens
Authors: Price J. Jordan , Willson Mira T. , Pare Rustin W. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFemale singing and coordinated male–female duetting are often but not always found in the same species. Both behaviors are more common in tropical than temperate songbirds, but few studies have differentiated between the factors selecting for each. Here we investigate the evolution of female vocal complexity and male–female vocal coordination in Carolina wrens (Thryothorus ludovicianus), one of the few non‐tropical members of a songbird family (Troglodytidae) that is well known for producing coordinated male–female duets. Female Carolina wrens are not known to sing; rather, they produce relatively simple, sex‐specific chatters, often during territorial encounters. We analyzed field recordings to show that females coordinate these chatters with male songs at rates similar to those observed in some tropical duetting wren species. We then used phylogenetic comparative methods to show that the evolutionary ancestors of Carolina wrens had female songs that were more acoustically complex than the vocalizations of current females, suggesting past selection against female vocal complexity. Levels of vocal coordination with males, in contrast, have changed relatively little from those of tropical ancestors. Our results suggest that these two aspects of female behavior, acoustic complexity and vocal coordination with males, have evolved independently and have different functions in communication.
Observations of parent–adolescent interactions relate to food parenting practices and adolescent disordered eating in adolescents at risk for adult obesity
Authors: Smith Amy D. , Sanchez Natalia , Harrison Kadyn , Bourne Caitlin , Clark Emma L. M. , Miller Reagan L. , Melby Christopher L. , Johnson Sarah A. , Lucas‐Thompson Rachel G. , Shomaker Lauren B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAdolescent disordered eating and obesity are interrelated and adversely relate to mental and metabolic health. Parental feeding practices have been associated with adolescent disordered eating and obesity. Yet, observable interactions related to food parenting have not been well characterized. To address this gap, N = 30 adolescents (M ± SD 14 ± 2 year) at risk for adult obesity due to above‐average body mass index (BMI ≥70th percentile) or parental obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) participated in a video‐recorded parent–adolescent task to discuss a food/eating‐related disagreement. Interactions were coded for individual/dyadic affect/content using the Interactional Dimensions Coding System. We examined associations of interaction qualities with parent‐reported food practices, adolescent disordered eating behaviors/attitudes, and insulin resistance. Reported parenting practices were correlated with multiple interaction qualities (p‐values <0.05), with the most consistent correspondence between parent‐reported pressure to eat (e.g., pressure to eat more healthy foods) and negative aspects of parent–adolescent interactions. Also, after accounting for adolescent age, sex, and BMI‐standard score, parent–adolescent interaction qualities were associated with adolescents' disordered eating and insulin resistance. Specifically, greater adolescent problem‐solving related to less adolescent global disordered eating, shape, and weight concern (p‐values <0.05); adolescent autonomy related to less weight concern (p = 0.03). Better parent communication skills were associated with less adolescent eating concern (p = 0.04), and observed dyadic mutuality related to adolescents' lower insulin resistance (p = 0.03). Parent–adolescent interaction qualities during food/eating‐related disagreements show associations with parent‐reported food practices and adolescent disordered eating. This method may offer a tool for measuring the qualities of parent–adolescent food/eating‐related interactions. A nuanced understanding of conversations about food/eating may inform family‐based intervention in youth at‐risk for adult obesity.
Comparing relationships of food parenting practices and concern for child weight between siblings
Authors: Vollmer Rachel L. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe objective of this cross‐sectional study was to compare the difference in food parenting practices based upon parent concern and/or perception of child weight among siblings. U.S. parents (n = 63) with two or more children between the ages of 2.5 and 10 years old completed the Comprehensive Food Parenting Questionnaire, select items from the Child Feeding Questionnaire, and seven open‐ended questions for each child. There were significant differences in how parents fed siblings. For example, the relationship between concern for child weight and restriction for weight control was stronger for the older child, which was supported by parents' qualitative data.
Monetary policy, ownership structure, and risk‐taking at financial intermediaries
Authors: Caselli Giorgio , Figueira Catarina 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper examines how ownership structure interacts with monetary policy in shaping financial intermediaries' appetite for risk. By constructing a large panel of banks across Western Europe, we provide evidence that differences in bank ownership influence the transmission of monetary policy via the risk‐taking channel. While shareholder banks actively adjust the riskiness of their portfolios to changes in interest rates, stakeholder banks appear to be less responsive to such changes. These findings call for greater attention to the nature of bank ownership when setting monetary policy.
Climate and socioeconomic drivers of biomass burning and carbon emissions from fires in tropical dry forests: A Pantropical analysis
Authors: Corona‐Núñez Rogelio O. , Campo Julio E. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractGlobal burned area has declined by nearly one quarter between 1998 and 2015. Drylands contain a large proportion of these global fires but there are important differences within the drylands, for example, savannas and tropical dry forests (TDF). Savannas, a biome fire‐prone and fire‐adapted, have reduced the burned area, while the fire in the TDF is one of the most critical factors impacting biodiversity and carbon emissions. Moreover, under climate change scenarios TDF is expected to increase its current extent and raise the risk of fires. Despite regional and global scale effects, and the influence of this ecosystem on the global carbon cycle, little effort has been dedicated to studying the influence of climate (seasonality and extreme events) and socioeconomic conditions of fire regimen in TDF. Here we use the Global Fire Emissions Database and, climate and socioeconomic metrics to better understand long‐term factors explaining the variation in burned area and biomass in TDF at Pantropical scale. On average, fires affected 1.4% of the total TDF' area (60,208 km2) and burned 24.4% (259.6 Tg) of the global burned biomass annually at Pantropical scales. Climate modulators largely influence local and regional fire regimes. Inter‐annual variation in fire regime is shaped by El Niño and La Niña. During the El Niño and the forthcoming year of La Niña, there is an increment in extension (35.2% and 10.3%) and carbon emissions (42.9% and 10.6%). Socioeconomic indicators such as land‐management and population were modulators of the size of both, burned area and carbon emissions. Moreover, fires may reduce the capability to reach the target of “half protected species” in the globe, that is, high‐severity fires are recorded in ecoregions classified as nature could reach half protected. These observations may contribute to improving fire‐management.
Thermal properties of field‐assisted‐sintered SiCN–Y2O3 composites
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Li Quan , Maiti Sanat Chandra , Shen Xingchen , He Jian , Peng Fei , Bordia Ranjendra K. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractPolymer‐derived amorphous SiCN has excellent high‐temperature stability and properties. To reduce the shrinkage during pyrolysis and to improve the high‐temperature oxidation resistance, Y2O3 was added as a filler. In this study, polymer‐derived SiCN–Y2O3 composites were fabricated by mixing a polymeric precursor of SiCN with Y2O3 submicron powders in different ratios. The mixtures were cross‐linked and pyrolyzed in argon. SiCN–Y2O3 composites were processed using field‐assisted sintering technology at 1350°C for 5 min under vacuum. Dense SiCN–Y2O3 composite pellets were successfully made with relative density higher than 98% and homogeneous microstructure. Due to low temperature and short time of the heat‐treatment, the grain growth of Y2O3 was substantially inhibited. The Y2O3 grain size was ∼1 μm after sintering. The composites’ heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal expansion coefficients were characterized as a function of temperature. The thermal conductivity of the composites ceramics decreased as the amount of amorphous SiCN increased and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the composites increased with Y2O3 content. However, the thermal conductivity and CTE did not follow the rule of mixture. This is likely due to the partial oxidation of SiCN and the resultant impurity phases such as Y2SiO5, Y2Si2O7, and Y4.67(SiO4)3O.
Parallel analysis of multiple human memory CD4+ T‐cell subsets within antigen‐specific responses using cell proliferation dyes
Authors: Cook Laura , Zaunders John , Seddiki Nabila , van Bockel David , Kelleher Anthony D , Munier C. Mee Ling 
Published: November 2022

AbstractActivation induced marker (AIM) assays are being used increasingly to measure antigen‐specific T‐cell responses, but this activation can alter cell lineage defining phenotypic markers. We aimed to extend the utility of AIM assays to enable pre‐activation defined cell populations to be tracked and quantified within T‐cell memory responses. We sorted three ex vivo CD4+ T‐cell populations prior to any activation using well defined ex vivo lineage surface marker combinations. These populations were memory non‐Tregs, CD39+ Tregs and CD39neg Tregs, although any three memory CD4+ T‐cell populations able to be isolated by cell surface markers could potentially be tracked. These cells were labeled with three distinct fluorescent cell proliferation dyes (CFSE, CellTrace Violet and Cell Proliferation Dye eF670) and then all autologous PBMCs were reconstituted maintaining ex vivo cell ratios and CD25/OX40 AIM assays performed with CMV and HSV antigens. This approach enabled tracking of pre‐defined cell populations within antigen stimulated responses using both activation marker and cell proliferation readouts. We confirmed that although CD39+ Tregs comprise a substantial proportion of AIM assay responses, they do not make substantial contributions to the proliferative response. This extends the utility of AIM assays to enable parallel analysis of the relative contribution of several CD4+ memory T‐cell subsets to recall responses.
A fast and reliable method for semi‐automated planimetric quantification of dental plaque in clinical trials
Authors: Del Rey Yumi Chokyu , Rikvold Pernille Dukanovic , Johnsen Karina Kambourakis , Schlafer Sebastian 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAimTo develop a simple and reproducible method for semi‐automated planimetric quantification of dental plaque.Materials and MethodsPlaque from 20 healthy volunteers was disclosed using erythrosine, and fluorescence images of the first incisors, first premolars, and first molars were recorded after 1, 7, and 14 days of de novo plaque formation. The planimetric plaque index (PPI) was determined using a semi‐automated threshold‐based image segmentation algorithm and compared with manually determined PPI and the Turesky modification of the Quigley–Hein plaque index (TM‐QHPI). The decrease of tooth autofluorescence in plaque‐covered areas was quantified as an index of plaque thickness (TI). Data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlations.ResultsThe high contrast between teeth, disclosed plaque, and soft tissues in fluorescence images allowed for a fast threshold‐based image segmentation. Semi‐automated PPI is strongly correlated with manual planimetry (r = 0.92; p < .001) and TM‐QHPI recordings (r = 0.88; p < .001), and may exhibit a higher discriminatory power than TM‐QHPI due to its continuous scale. TI values corresponded to optically perceived plaque thickness, and no differences were observed over time (p > .05, ANOVA).ConclusionsThe proposed semi‐automated planimetric analysis based on fluorescence images is a simple and efficient method for dental plaque quantification in multiple images with reduced human input.
Modeling for thin layer drying of black pepper (Piper nigrum) in a reverse air flow dryer
Authors: Jayashree Ettannil , John Zachariah Thondiath 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDrying of freshly harvested green pepper (Piper nigrum) was performed in a reverse air flow mechanical dryer (RRLT‐NC – 101). Fresh and blanched pepper of varieties, Sreekara and Panniyur‐1 were dried at 50°C, 55°C, and 60°C. Blanching was done by dipping in boiling water for 1 min. The experimental data for moisture loss was converted to moisture ratios and fitted to five thin layer drying models to describe the drying process mathematically. The results were compared for their goodness of fit in terms of coefficient of determination (r2), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean square of deviation (χ2). Logarithmic model was found most suitable to describe the drying process of black pepper. The unblanched Sreekara took 42, 34, and 26 h and blanched took 36, 30, and 24 h to dry from moisture content of 180.89–9.4% d.b. at air temperatures of 50°C, 55°C, and 60°C, respectively. In case of Panniyur the unblanched took 44, 36, and 28 h and blanched took 37, 32, and 26 h to dry from moisture content of 197.62–9.2% d.b. for the same temperatures. The effective moisture diffusivity varied from 3.28 × 10−7 to 6.44 × 10−7 m2/s. The activation energy was higher for unblanched than for blanched black pepper varied between 39.45 and 44.05 kJ/mol.Practical applicationsDrying of harvested pepper is one of the most important unit operations during processing of green pepper. Sun drying is the conventional method followed for drying. The despiked pepper berries are dried under sun for 4–5 days to bring the moisture content below 11%. The process of blanching green pepper in boiling water for 1 min followed by mechanical drying could produce better quality dried product. A simple reverse air flow, natural convection mechanical dryer suitable for drying various agricultural produce at farm level was used for drying green pepper. The results of the study could be applied for gathering information related to the drying process in a mechanical dryer like the drying kinetics, effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy as well as the effect of blanching on these parameters.