bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
9-1-1 Caller-Described Heart Attack Symptoms
Authors: Scott Greg , Olola Christopher , Miko Matthew , Patterson Brett , Quigg Joleen , Davis Chris , Lindfors Richard , Tidwell Jayme , Pagenkop Kevin , Lofgren John , Fox Jaci , Clawson Jeff 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroduction:Heart attacks (HAs) present clinically with varying symptoms, which are not always described by patients as chest pain (CP) or chest discomfort (CD). Emergency Medical Dispatchers (EMDs) select the CP/CD dispatch protocol for non-chest pain HA symptoms or classic HA complaint of CP/CD. Nevertheless, it is still unknown how often callers report HA symptoms other than CP/CD.Objectives:The objective of this study was to characterize the caller’s descriptions of the primary HA symptoms, descriptions of the other HA symptoms, and the use of a case entry (CE) question clarifier.Methods:A retrospective descriptive study analyzed randomly selected EMD audios (where CD/CD protocol was used) from five accredited emergency communication centers in the United States. Several Quality Performance Review (QPR) experts reviewed the audios and recorded callers’ initial problem descriptions, the use of and responses to the CE question clarifier, including the EMD-assigned final determinant code.Results:A total of 1,261 audios were reviewed. The clarifier was used only 8.5% of the time. The CP/CD symptoms were mentioned alone or with other problems 87.0% of the time. Overall, CP symptom was mentioned alone 70.8%, HA alone 4.0%, and CD symptom alone 1.4% of the time.Conclusion:9-1-1 callers report potential HA cases using a variety of terms and descriptions—most commonly CP. Other less-common symptoms associated with a HA may be mentioned. Therefore, EMDs must be well-trained to be prepared to probe the caller with a clarifying query to elicit more specific information when “having a heart attack” is the only complaint initially mentioned.
The “Social Question” as a Democratic Question: Louis Blanc'sOrganization of Labor
Authors: Gerçek Salih Emre 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRecent studies have identified the revival of the idea of democracy in early nineteenth-century French thought. This article recovers one important reason behind this revival: democracy became a response to another debate that emerged during that period—the “social question.” Although not well known in the English-speaking world, Louis Blanc was one of the most important socialist figures during the July Monarchy in France. Examining Blanc'sOrganization of Labor, this article shows how Blanc mobilized democracy to challenge the July Monarchy's exclusionary representative government and its reduction of the “social question” to pauperism. Blanc argued that industrial competition created a system of domination and proposed democratic reorganization of labor as a way to promote the common good. Blanc reformulated the “social question” as a democratic question, arguing that poverty and class domination can be solved not by administrative measures but through democratic participation in work and in the republic.
Ethnic inequities in multimorbidity among people with psychosis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fonseca de Freitas D. , Pritchard M. , Shetty H. , Khondoker M. , Nazroo J. , Hayes R. D. , Bhui K. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
Research shows persistent ethnic inequities in mental health experiences and outcomes, with a higher incidence of illnesses among minoritised ethnic groups. People with psychosis have an increased risk of multiple long-term conditions (MLTC; multimorbidity). However, there is limited research regarding ethnic inequities in multimorbidity in people with psychosis. This study investigates ethnic inequities in physical health multimorbidity in a cohort of people with psychosis.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, using the Clinical Records Interactive Search (CRIS) system, we identified service-users of the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, and then additional diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, low blood pressure, overweight or obesity and rheumatoid arthritis. Logistic and multinomial logistic regressions were used to investigate ethnic inequities in odds of multimorbidity (psychosis plus one physical health condition), and multimorbidity severity (having one or two physical health conditions, or three or more conditions), compared with no additional health conditions (no multimorbidity), respectively. The regression models adjusted for age and duration of care and investigated the influence of gender and area-level deprivation.

Results
On a sample of 20 800 service-users with psychosis, aged 13–65, ethnic differences were observed in the odds for multimorbidity. Controlling for sociodemographic factors and duration of care, compared to White British people, higher odds of multimorbidity were found for people of Black African [adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.41, 95% Confidence Intervals (1.23–1.56)], Black Caribbean [aOR = 1.79, 95% CI (1.58–2.03)] and Black British [aOR = 1.64, 95% CI (1.49–1.81)] ethnicity. Reduced odds were observed among people of Chinese [aOR = 0.61, 95% CI (0.43–0.88)] and Other ethnic [aOR = 0.67, 95% CI (0.59–0.76)] backgrounds. Increased odds of severe multimorbidity (three or more physical health conditions) were also observed for people of any Black background.

Conclusions
Ethnic inequities are observed for multimorbidity among people with psychosis. Further research is needed to understand the aetiology and impact of these inequities. These findings support the provision of integrated health care interventions and public health preventive policies and actions.
Resistance to 2,4-D in Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) from Kansas is mediated by enhanced metabolism
Authors: Shyam Chandrima , Peterson Dallas E. , Jugulam Mithila 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) population (KCTR: KS Conservation Tillage Resistant) collected from a conservation tillage field was confirmed with resistance to herbicides targeting at least six sites of action, including 2,4-D. The objectives of this research were using KCTR A. palmeri to investigate (1) the level of 2,4-D resistance, (2) 2,4-D absorption and translocation profiles, (3) the rate of 2,4-D metabolism compared with 2,4-D–tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and (4) the possible role of cytochrome P450s (P450s) in mediating resistance. Dose–response experiments were conducted to assess the level of 2,4-D resistance in KCTR compared with susceptible plants, KSS (KS 2,4-D susceptible) and MSS (MS 2,4-D susceptible). KSS, MSS, and KCTR plants were treated with [14C]2,4-D to determine absorption, translocation, and metabolic patterns. Additionally, whole-plant dose–response assays were conducted by treating KCTR and KSS plants with P450 inhibitors (malathion, piperonyl butoxide [PBO]) before 2,4-D application. Dose–response experiments indicated a 6- to 11-fold 2,4-D resistance in KCTR compared with susceptible plants. No difference was found in percent [14C]2,4-D absorption among the populations. However, 10% less and 3 times slower translocation of [14C]2,4-D was found in KCTR compared with susceptible plants. Importantly, [14C]2,4-D was metabolized faster in KCTR than susceptible plants. At 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT), KCTR metabolized ∼20% to 30% more [14C]2,4-D than susceptible plants. KCTR plants and wheat generated metabolites with similar polarity. Nonetheless, at 24 HAT, ∼70% of [14C]2,4-D was metabolized in wheat, compared with only 30% in KCTR A. palmeri. Application of malathion before 2,4-D increased the sensitivity to 2,4-D in KCTR, suggesting involvement of P450s in mediating 2,4-D metabolism. However, no such impact of PBO was documented. Overall, this study confirms that enhanced metabolism is the primary mechanism of 2,4-D resistance in KCTR.
An Objective Quality Control of Surface Contamination Observations for ABI Water Vapor Radiance Assimilation
Authors: Li Zhenglong , Ma Zheng , Wang Pei , Lim Agnes H. N. , Li Jun , Jung James A. , Schmit Timothy J. , Huang Hung‐Lung 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA quality control (QC) process which handles surface impacts is an important step toward successful assimilation of the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) water vapor (WV) band radiances. If the QC is too relaxed, many surface contaminated radiances get assimilated. If the QC is too stringent, useful radiances are rejected. Either way can result in reduced or even compromised observation impacts. A new machine learning‐based QC scheme for the three ABI WV bands is developed and optimized to help understand the importance and effectiveness of the scheme. Unlike previous schemes which are dependent on the background, this scheme extracts and blends the surface information from 7 ABI bands (bands 8–10, 13–16) to determine if a WV radiance is affected by the surface. Simulation studies show that the new QC scheme is effective in retaining radiances that are either unaffected by the surface or have very small surface contamination. It is highly effective in rejecting radiances with large surface contamination. Numerical experiments from a single case study of Hurricane Harvey (2017) were carried out to optimize the QC and to understand the potential impacts on forecasts. The use of the new QC scheme shows that radiances from each WV band have substantially added value. Combining them has a positive impact on hurricane track forecasts compared with existing QC schemes. Hence, it is critical that an optimized QC scheme is used for infrared WV radiance assimilation. It provides a balance between positive impacts from useful radiances and negative impacts from surface contaminated radiances.
Are We at Risk of Losing the Current Generation of Climate Researchers to Data Science?
Authors: Jain Shipra , Mindlin Julia , Koren Gerbrand , Gulizia Carla , Steadman Claudia , Langendijk Gaby S. , Osman Marisol , Abid Muhammad A. , Rao Yuhan , Rabanal Valentina 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClimate model output has progressively increased in size over the past decades and is expected to continue to rise in the future. Consequently, the research time expended by Early Career Researchers (ECRs) on data‐intensive activities is displacing the time spent in fostering novel scientific ideas and expanding the frontiers of climate sciences. Here, we highlight an urgent need for a better balance between data‐intensive and foundational climate science activities, more open‐ended research opportunities that reinforce the scientific freedom of the ECRs, and strong coordinated action to provide infrastructure and resources to the ECRs working in under‐resourced environments.
Compound Post‐Fire Flood Hazards Considering Infrastructure Sedimentation
Authors: Jong‐Levinger Ariane , Banerjee Tirtha , Houston Douglas , Sanders Brett F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFlood and debris hazards are heightened following wildfires, but are challenging to quantify due to interdependence between fire frequency and severity, runoff and sediment fluxes during storms, and sedimentation that reduces infrastructure capacity. Herein we present a stochastic simulation framework to estimate compound flood and debris hazards from sequences of wildfires and rainstorms and the accumulation of sediment within flood infrastructure. Application of the framework to a hypothetical watershed representative of southern California shows that the present‐day compound hazard may be up to 6 times greater than the marginal hazard posed by peak flows in the absence of wildfire, and that future compound hazards could be up to 11 times greater than the marginal hazard based on future increases in wildfire frequency. Numerous sensitivities are investigated, including infrastructure design and maintenance, which are shown to be crucial for moderating future increases in post‐fire flood hazards.
Diurnal Variation Mechanisms of the Zonal Shear Line Inducing Anomalous Heavy Precipitation Over the Tibetan Plateau in Boreal Summer
Authors: Liu Qiaohua , Yao Xiuping 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) is one of the regions with the most remarkable diurnal variations in the global atmosphere. The zonal shear line (ZSL) is the primary synoptic system inducing precipitation over the TP in boreal summer. It is of great significance in studying its diurnal variation. This study objectively identified and composited 11 ZSL cases inducing anomalous heavy precipitation based on the ERA5 hourly reanalysis datasets from June to August during 1980–2019. The diurnal variation characteristics and mechanisms of ZSL’s intensity were explored based on the composited ZSL. Results suggest that the intensity of ZSL has significant diurnal variation, reaching the peak at midnight (about 23 Local Solar Time). The dynamical and thermal structures near the ZSL both show significant diurnal variations. There is a significant heating effect near the ZSL after sunrise, followed by strong divergence (convergence) in the upper (lower) layer and significant increases in water vapor flux convergence and ascending motions. The vorticity is strongest at midnight. Diagnosis by the complete‐form vertical vorticity tendency equation reveals that the thermal effect, dominated by vertically non‐uniform distribution of atmospheric diabatic heating, is the most crucial factor affecting the diurnal variation of ZSL’s intensity. The configuration of solar radiation and sensible heat in the near‐ground layer and latent heat in the middle and upper layers jointly dominate the vertically non‐uniform heating. The horizontally non‐uniform heating only contributes little to the local change of vorticity at 500 hPa. Ascending motion and vorticity advection have only weak effects.
Detecting Hot Spots of Methane Flux Using Footprint‐Weighted Flux Maps
Authors: Rey‐Sanchez Camilo , Arias‐Ortiz Ariane , Kasak Kuno , Chu Housen , Szutu Daphne , Verfaillie Joseph , Baldocchi Dennis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this study, we propose a new technique for mapping the spatial heterogeneity in gas exchange around flux towers using flux footprint modeling and focusing on detecting hot spots of methane (CH4) flux. In the first part of the study, we used a CH4 release experiment to evaluate three common flux footprint models: the Hsieh model (Hsieh et al., 2000), the Kljun model (Kljun et al., 2015), and the K & M model (Kormann and Meixner, 2001), finding that the K & M model was the most accurate under these conditions. In the second part of the study, we introduce the Footprint‐Weighted Flux Map, a new technique to map spatial heterogeneity in fluxes. Using artificial CH4 release experiments, natural tracer approaches and flux chambers we mapped the spatial flux heterogeneity, and detected and validated a hot spot of CH4 flux in a oligohaline restored marsh. Through chamber measurements during the months of April and May, we found that fluxes at the hot spot were on average as high as 6589 ± 7889 nmol m−2 s−1 whereas background flux from the open water were on average 15.2 ± 7.5 nmol m−2 s−1. This study provides a novel tool to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity of fluxes around eddy‐covariance towers and creates important insights for the interpretation of hot spots of CH4 flux, paving the way for future studies aiming to understand subsurface biogeochemical processes and the microbiological conditions that lead to the occurrence of hot spots and hot moments of CH4 flux.
Solute Transport in a Doublet‐Type Flow Configuration Through a Weakly Heterogeneous Porous Formation
Authors: Severino Gerardo , De Paola Francesco 
Published: July 2022

AbstractSteady flow generated by an injecting and a pumping well (doublet) takes place in a porous formation where the spatially variable hydraulic conductivity K is modeled as a stationary, lognormal, random field with anisotropic two‐point autocorrelation. The latter is characterized by a vertical integral scale, that is, Iv, smaller than the horizontal one, that is, I. A solute, either passive or reactive, is injected in the medium, and we aim at computing the breakthrough curve (BTC) and its moments not only at the recovery (pumping) well, but also at any location between the two wells. The strong coupling between K and the nonuniformity of the flow renders the problem very difficult. Nevertheless, a simple (analytical) solution is obtained by adopting a few assumptions: (a) wells are replaced by lines of singularity, (b) a perturbation solution which regards the variance of the log‐conductivity Y = ln K as a perturbation parameter is employed, (c) the study is limited to strongly anisotropic heterogeneous formations (for which the anisotropy ratio λ = Iv/I is much smaller than one), and (d) the impact of pore‐scale dispersion is neglected. Central for the computation of the BTC is the statistics of the travel time of a fluid particle released at the injecting well and reaching a control plane located at any position x1 along the distance connecting the two wells. It is shown that the spatial variability of Y acts de facto like a dispersion mechanism: it enhances spreading, especially in the early arrivals. Useful closed form expressions for moments of the travel time along the central trajectory are also obtained. Finally, the theoretical framework presented in this study is applied to two transport experiments in order to compute the second‐order (temporal) moment as function of x1, and therefore to quantify dispersion occurring in the zone delimited by the two wells.
Perceived discrimination as a modifier of health, disease, and medicine: empirical data from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Thomason Moriah E. , Hendrix Cassandra L. , Werchan Denise , Brito Natalie H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIncreasing reports of long-term symptoms following COVID-19 infection, even among mild cases, necessitate systematic investigation into the prevalence and type of lasting illness. Notably, there is limited data regarding the influence of social determinants of health, like perceived discrimination and economic stress, that may exacerbate COVID-19 health risks. Here, 1,584 recovered COVID-19 patients that experienced mild to severe forms of disease provided detailed medical and psychosocial information. Path analyses examined hypothesized associations between discrimination, illness severity, and lasting symptoms. Secondary analyses evaluated sex differences, timing of infection, and impact of prior mental health problems. Post hoc logistic regressions tested social determinants hypothesized to predict neurological, cognitive, or mood symptoms. 70.6% of patients reported presence of one or more lasting symptom after recovery. 19.4% and 25.1% of patients reported lasting mood or cognitive/memory problems. Perceived discrimination predicted increased illness severity and increased lasting symptom count, even when adjusting for sociodemographic factors and mental/physical health comorbidities. This effect was specific to stress related to discrimination, not to general stress levels. Further, patient perceptions regarding quality of medical care influenced these relationships. Finally, illness early in the pandemic is associated with more severe illness and more frequent lasting complaints. Lasting symptoms after recovery from COVID-19 are highly prevalent and neural systems are significantly impacted. Importantly, psychosocial factors (perceived discrimination and perceived SES) can exacerbate individual health risk. This study provides actionable directions for improved health outcomes by establishing that sociodemographic risk and medical care influence near and long-ranging health outcomes. All data from this study have been made publicly available.
Effects of irradiation on the mechanisms controlling the residual rate of an alumino-borosilicate glass
Authors: Gin S. , Jegou C. , Sessegolo L. , Bisbrouck N. , Jan A. , Tribet M. , Delaye J. M. , Angeli F. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe alteration of a four-oxide alumino-borosilicate glass close to International Simple Glass (ISG) was studied in Si saturation conditions at pH 3, pH 7, and pH 9 using solution and post mortem solid analyses. In particular, the study examined the impact of structural disorder on the glass alteration generated by swift heavy ion irradiation. It is shown that the pre-irradiated glass altered three to four times more than the non-irradiated glass, depending on the pH. This increased alteration can be attributed to two factors: an increased hydrolysis speed of the Si–O–B bonds, which control the glass dissolution under these Si saturation conditions, and a less passivating alteration layer. The latter effect suggests that the glass structural disorder is retained by the first gel formed, which means very low Si atom mobility during alteration. However, gel maturation tends to mitigate the detrimental effect of radiation damages. These results will contribute to the development of a predictive residual rate model.
Meta-analytic evidence that mindfulness training alters resting state default mode network connectivity
Authors: Rahrig Hadley , Vago David R. , Passarelli Matthew A. , Auten Allison , Lynn Nicholas A. , Brown Kirk Warren 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis meta-analysis sought to expand upon neurobiological models of mindfulness through investigation of inherent brain network connectivity outcomes, indexed via resting state functional connectivity (rsFC). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of rsFC as an outcome of mindfulness training (MT) relative to control, with the hypothesis that MT would increase cross-network connectivity between nodes of the Default Mode Network (DMN), Salience Network (SN), and Frontoparietal Control Network (FPCN) as a mechanism of internally-oriented attentional control. Texts were identified from the databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, ERIC, PSYCINFO, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Sciences; and were screened for inclusion based on experimental/quasi-experimental trial design and use of mindfulness-based training interventions. RsFC effects were extracted from twelve studies (mindfulness n = 226; control n = 204). Voxel-based meta-analysis revealed significantly greater rsFC (MT > control) between the left middle cingulate (Hedge’s g = .234, p = 0.0288, I2 = 15.87), located within the SN, and the posterior cingulate cortex, a focal hub of the DMN. Egger’s test for publication bias was nonsignificant, bias = 2.17, p = 0.162. In support of our hypothesis, results suggest that MT targets internetwork (SN-DMN) connectivity implicated in the flexible control of internally-oriented attention.