bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chinese herbal formulae (BU-SHEN-YI-QI Granule) pretreatment on the dynamic expression of thrombin in NVU after ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Liu Aihua , Sun Jing , Tiwari Sagun , Han Zhenxiang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
In a previous study, we demonstrated that Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi granule, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine compound, exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in a rat model of ischemic stroke. In the present study, we examine whether Bu Shen Yi Qi granule (BSYQG) treatment has a protective impact on the dynamic expression of thrombin in the neurovascular unit of the ischemic brain following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
Methods
Adult male SD rats (n = 36) were divided into four groups: sham operation, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), I/R + BSYQG-treatment (6g/kg/day), I/R + Argatroban (0.56 mg/ml). We established the ischemic/reperfusion model by classic cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1.5h, followed by 24h reperfusion. Immunofluorescence and TUNEL Double Staining were used to determine cell apoptosis in NVU. Immunofluorescence was used to examine the dynamic expression of thrombin in NVU.
Results
In cerebral ischemic/reperfusion damage, BSYQ treatment protected cells against apoptosis in the neurovascular unit. Furthermore, 6 hours after ischemic/reperfusion damage, BSYQ treatment significantly reduced brain thrombin activity.
Conclusion
BSYQ exerts protective effects in NVU after cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury by inhibiting dynamic expression of thrombin.
Clinical Utility of Urine DNA for Noninvasive Detection and Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring in Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Kaiwei , Hu Hailong , Wu Junlong , Wang Huina , Guo Zhaoxia , Yu Wei , Yao Lin , Ding Feng , Zhou Tao , Wang Wang , Wang Yunkai , Liu Lei , Cao Shanbo , Lou Feng , Niu Yuanjie , Ye Dingwei , He Zhisong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Current methods for the early detection and minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring of urothelial carcinoma (UC) are invasive and/or possess suboptimal sensitivity. We developed an efficient workflow named urine tumor DNA multidimensional bioinformatic predictor (utLIFE). Using UC-specific mutations and large copy number variations, utLIFE-UC model was developed on bladder cancer cohort (n = 150) and validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) bladder cancer cohort (n=674) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) cohort (n=22). The utLIFE-UC model could discriminate 92.8% UC with 96.0% specificity, and validated robustly in BLCA_TCGA and UTUC cohorts. Furthermore, compared to cytology, utLIFE-UC achieved a great improvement in detection of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC, p<0.01). In the MRD cohort, utLIFE-UC could distinguish 100% of patients with residual disease, showing superior sensitivity than cytology (p<0.01) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH, p<0.05). utLIFE-UC is a promising method for early diagnosis and MRD monitoring in UC. This study shows that utLIFE-UC can detect urothelial carcinoma with high sensitivity and specificity in patients in early-stage cancer or with minimal residual disease, is a cost-effective, rapid, high-throughput, noninvasive, and promising approach that may reduce the burden of cystoscopy and blind surgery.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus progression and the novel genetic variations in IL-22 and FoxP3 genes
Authors: HUSSAIN NAGEEN , Aneela Syeda , Aqsa Noor , saeed Ahmed 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is one of the autoimmune disorders. It is thought that the deregulation in the inflammatory markers is due to a problem in the Forkhead box family member (FOXP3) which is involved in the tolerance mechanism. One cannot ignore the role of cytokine-mediated signaling pathways like IL-22. This study was done in Lahore. Pakistan. The main objective of the study was to check the alliance of FoxP3 and IL-22 gene polymorphism in association with SLE. Sixty samples (n = 60) from SLE patients were collected from different hospitals in Lahore. DNA was extracted from EDTA anticoagulated blood of SLE patients. After DNA extraction, IL-22 and FoxP3 genes were polymerized through PCR and further sequenced through the Sanger Sequencing method. The FoxP3 exon 2 and three SNPs in IL-2 i.e. rs2227491, rs2227485, and rs2227513 which were already identified were confirmed by Chromas 2.6. The mutations were checked with the help of Nucleotide Blast. Our observation showed that there are nine mutations in studied genotyped samples. The frequency of mutation was 27.27%. Allele T in rs2227485 and, allele C in rs2227513 and rs2227491 were identified in the study predominantly. These 9 mutations were found in the case of the IL-22 gene. No mutation was observed in Exon 2 of the FoxP3 gene in SLE patients. It is concluded that there may be any association between IL-22 gene polymorphism and SLE but the FoxP3 gene was not tangled in the progression of SLE in the Lahore population.
Investigation the effect of drought stress on tolerant and resistant rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in terms of morphologic and genetic characters
Authors: Arvas Yunus Emre , Yolci Muhammed Said , Marakli Sevgi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Drought associated with global warming is a major limiting factor for crop production. This abiotic stress affects the quality and yield of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) which is a model organism and also one of the major consumed products all over the world. In this study, we aimed to analyse morphologic (root length, shoot length, root wet weight, shoot wet weight, root dry weight and shoot dry weight) of rice varieties (dhan 65, dhan 71, kızıltan and Karacadağ local rice) grown under drought stress during 21 days. For genetic properties, Hopi and Osr30 retrotransposon movements were investigated by using IRAP marker technique. Depending on the decreasing in the amount of water, we observed that all growth parameters showed variable results in four varieties. Moreover, IRAP-PCR indicated different polymorphism ratios among samples. These rates were 0-75% for Hopi and 0-50% for Osr30 . As far as we know, this is the first detailed report on dhan 65, dhan 71, kızıltan and Karacadağ local rice varieties grown under drought stress.
Applicant Perspective on the 2021 Ophthalmology Residency Cycle - A Post-Match Analysis
Authors: Nirmalan Aravindh , Baiyasi Ahmad , Jassal Japnam , Kasetty Venkatkrish , Goldman David 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the experiences and preferences of applicants applying for the 2020 - 2021 application cycle for ophthalmology residences during the COVID – 19 pandemic. Methods:A cross sectional survey was conducted online. All applicants to the Henry Ford ophthalmology residency program during the 2020-2021 application cycle were invited to complete the survey. The survey was open for completion from June 4, 2021, to July 4, 2021.Results:Survey responses were collected from 94 applicants (17.2% completion); 71 (75.5%) US MD, 10 (10.6%) DO, and 13 (13.8%) IMG MD. Applicants reported a mean (SD) USMLE Step 1 score of 243.10 (12.59) and 5.60 (5.33) publications accepted and/or submitted. Applicants applied to a mean (SD) of 82.31 (22.12) programs, were offered 8.90 (11.47) interviews, and attended 8.26 (5.56) of them. The most important factors respondents believed in choosing programs to apply to were geographical location (n = 73 (81.1%)), perceived fit in a program (n = 72 (80.0%)), and program reputation (n = 68 (75.6%)). Most respondents believed they were adequately able to assess their fit through virtual interviews (n = 56 (59.2%)). In the event of another year of virtual interviews, respondents were asked for changes they would like to see changed/improved in the match process. The most frequent response was a better assessment of a programs (n = 16 (32.0%)), followed by a stronger cap on the number of programs applied to and/or number of interviews an applicant could attend (n = 10 (20.0%)), and better opportunities to speak and connect with residents (n = 8 (16.0%)).Conclusion:Applying for ophthalmology residencies continues to be recognized as a highly competitive process with many complexities involved. Future cycles may investigate the value of replacing in-person interviews with virtual ones or may adopt a hybrid model to ease applicant financial burden and stress from travel. Given another cycle for virtual interviews, program directors may find value to offer more opportunities to interact with residents, improve virtual tours of facility, and limit technical difficulties during these interviews.
Dihydromyricetin Attenuates Colitis in Mice induced by DSS via Improving Intestinal Barrier Function
Authors: Wang XiaoJuan , Jin ZhengXu , Ma XueNi , Li XiaoLi , Xiong Bin , Cheng Long , Zhang DeKui , Li Yi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The destruction of intestinal barrier plays an important role in the pathogenesis of UC. The anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis and anti-bacterial effects of DHM have been concerned. However, the effect of DHM on Intestinal Barrier Function remains unclear. In this study, we found that DHM protected intestinal barrier from DSS through suppressing inflammatory cell infiltration and restoring the expression of Tight junction proteins (TJs) occluding and ZO-1. Meanwhile, DHM reduced cell apoptosis in the gut by influencing the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase3. FITC-dextran leakage and gut microbiota viability experiments were used to tested the protective effect of DHM on intestinal barrier intact. Therefore, DHM may have great therapeutic potential as a new drug for UC.
The relationship model among parent-child relationship, coping responses and behavioral problems in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Taghizade Soulmaz , Mahmoodi Zohreh , Zandifar Atefeh , Qorbani Mostafa , Mohamadi Farima , Mehrafzoun Niloufar 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) constitutes a prevalent behavioral problem. The present study was conducted to examine the parent-child relationship model and investigate strategies to cope with behavioral problems in children with ADHD.Methods: This descriptive study selected 300 children with ADHD using convenience sampling. The data collected using the child behavior checklist, the parent-child relationship scale (PCRS), the Billings and Moos Coping Checklist, the socioeconomic status questionnaire, the general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and a demographic checklist were analyzed in SPSS-25 and LISREL 8.8.Results: According to the results of the path analysis on the relationship model among parent-child relationship domains, coping responses and children’s behavioral problems, parent-child dependency domain (B=0.22) in the direct path, disease duration (B = 0.085) in the indirect path, and conflicts in the domain of parent-child relationship (B=0.366) in both direct and indirect paths had the most positive causal effect on behavioral problems. Furthermore, intimacy in the said domain (B = -0.42) had the most negative causal effect in both direct and indirect paths. The extent to which parents used coping responses via the direct path had positive causal effect on behavioral problems (B = 0.12).Based on the findings of the path analysis test in the relationship model among positive parent-child relationship, coping responses and children’s behavioral problems, the positive parent-child relationship score had the most negative causal effect via the direct path (B = -0.56), and the child's age had the highest positive causal effect via the indirect path (B=0.1) on behavioral problems in children.Conclusion: Based on findings, there is a causal and significant relationship between the parent-child relationship and extent to which coping responses are used. It is recommended that training programs be developed to strengthen communication skills, coping responses and problem-solving techniques in parents.
NamSor's performance in predicting the country of origin and ethnicity of 90,000 researchers based on their first and last names
Authors: Sebo Paul 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Objective: We aimed to evaluate NamSor’s performance in predicting the country of origin and ethnicity of researchers based on their first and last names.Methods: We selected the 22 countries whose researchers authored at least 1000 medical publications in 2020 and whose percentage of migrants was <2.5% in 2020. Using PyMed, a Python library that gives access to PubMed, we extracted all publications in 2021 whose first authors were affiliated with universities or research institutes in the selected countries (N=89,906 articles). We calculated the proportion of misclassifications (=errorCodedWithoutNA) and the proportion of non-classifications (=naCoded) for three variables available in NamSor: “continent of origin” (Asia/Africa/Europe), “country of origin” and “ethnicity”. We created two other variables: “continent#2” ("Europe" replaced by "Europe/America/Oceania") and “country#2” ("Spain" replaced by “Spain/Hispanic American country” and "Portugal" replaced by "Portugal/Brazil"). We repeated the analyses by removing all results with accuracy<50%.Results: For the full sample and the subsample, errorCodedWithoutNA was, respectively, 17.0% and 13.4% for “continent”, 6.7% and 3.6% for “continent#2”, 28.3% and 20.3% for “country”, 20.7% and 12.2% for “country#2”, and 21.2% and 15.7% for “ethnicity”, whereas naCoded was zero and 18.3% for all variables, except for “ethnicity” (zero and 10.9%).Conclusions: NamSor is accurate in determining the continent of origin of individuals, especially when using the modified variable and/or restricting the analysis to names with inference accuracy ≥50%. The risk of misclassification is higher with country of origin or ethnicity, but decreases, as with continent of origin, when using the modified variable (country#2) and/or the subsample.
Retinoic acid alleviates the reduction of Akt and Bad phosphorylation and regulates Bcl-2 family protein interactions in animal models of ischemic stroke
Authors: Kang Ju-Bin , Shah Murad-Ali , Park Dong-Ju , Koh Phil-Ok 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes a lack of oxygen and glucose supply to brain, eventually leads to severe neurological disorders. Retinoic acid is a major metabolic product of vitamin A and has various biological effects. The PI3K-Akt signaling pathway is an important survival pathway in brain. Phosphorylated Akt is important in regulating survival and apoptosis. We examined whether retinoic acid has neuroprotective effects in stroke model by regulating Akt and its downstream protein, Bad. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between retinoic acid and Bcl-2 family protein interactions. Animals were intraperitoneally administered vehicle or retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) for four days before surgery and ischemic stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. Retinoic acid reduced neurological deficits and histopathological changes, decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells, and alleviated reduction of phospho-PDK1, phospho-Akt, and phospho-Bad expression caused by MCAO damage. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that MCAO damage reduced the interaction between phospho-Bad and 14-3-3, which was attenuated by retinoic acid. Furthermore, retinoic acid mitigated the increase in Bcl-2/Bad and Bcl-xL/Bad binding levels and the reduction in Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xL/Bax binding levels caused by MCAO damage. It alleviated the increases in caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 expression caused by MCAO. We showed that retinoic acid alleviated neurological disorders, attenuated the decrease in phospho-Akt and phospho-Bad expression, regulated phospho-Bad binding with 14-3-3, modulated Bcl-2 family protein interactions, and ultimately alleviated caspase-3 activation. Therefore, we demonstrate that retinoic acid prevented apoptosis against cerebral ischemia through phosphorylation of Akt and Bad, maintenance of phospho-Bad and 14-3-3 binding, and regulation of Bcl-2 family protein interactions.
When will extreme heat events become part of the new climate normal?
Authors: Zittis George , Lazoglou Georgia , Hadjinicolaou Panos , Lelieveld Jos 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
As a result of global warming, extreme heat events have become more frequent and severe. This will likely continue or accelerate in the future, particularly under high radiative forcing scenarios. In the present study, based on an ensemble of global climate model simulations, we identify the absolute historical extremes expressed by several temperature indices. Considering projections under two future pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP5-8.5), we investigate to what extent extreme heat events will become predominant during the rest of the century. The timing of a transition to prevailing hot weather extremes is critical for the development of mitigation and adaptation strategies, therefore, we also identify the projected first year of such a transition, as well as the persistence in subsequent decades. Different aspects of heat extremes are investigated, including both maximum and minimum temperature. For some climate zones, our results highlight that regardless of mitigation efforts, hot weather conditions will be at least similar but likely more extreme compared to historical events within the following decades. By the end of the century, under a business-as-usual pathway, successive years will be much more extreme than the most severe conditions in the recent past virtually everywhere.
Interactive higher Salinity and Water Stress levels severely reduced the Growth, stress tolerance, and Physiological Responses of Guava (Psidium Guajava L.)
Authors: Xu Minggang , Abrar Muhammad Mohsin , Sohail Muhammad , Saqib Muhammad , Akhtar Javaid , Abbas Ghulam , Wahab Hafiz Abdul , Mumtaz Muhammad Zahid , Mehmood Khalid , Memon Muhammad Suleman , Sun Nan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Soil salinity and water deficit are serious issues of changing climate reducing crop production worldwide. The current research was undertaken to explore the growth, stress tolerance, and physiological responses of guava to combined salinity and water shortage. Guava was grown for one year in pots containing soil with eight treatments of salinity and water stress (control, 10 dS m− 1, 20 dS m− 1, 40 dS m− 1, control + deficit water, 10 dS m− 1 + deficit water, 20 dS m− 1 + deficit water, 40 dS m− 1 + deficit water). The results showed that plant growth, stress tolerance, and physiological attributes (i.e., chlorophyll contents, rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and rate of transpiration) were decreased with increasing salinity, and plants could not survive at a salinity level of 40 dS m− 1. With increasing Na+ concentration, the K+ concentration in leaves, root, and stem was decreased. Salinity-induced damaging effects on shoot growth were exacerbated due to due to water deficit. Plants' growth and physiological attributes were severely damaged at 20 dS m− 1 level of salinity both in abundant and deficit water supply. Our findings validated that guava is a moderately salt-tolerant plant and can be cultivated on soils having salinity up to 10 dS m− 1.
A DNA assembly toolkit to unlock the CRISPR/Cas9 potential for metabolic engineering
Authors: Yuzbashev Tigran , Yuzbasheva Evgeniya , Melkina Olga , Patel Davina , Bubnov Dmitrii , Dietz Heiko , Ledesma-Amaro Rodrigo 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology enables chromosomal integration of marker-free DNA, eliminating laborious marker recovery procedures. Nevertheless, assembling CRISPR/Cas9 editing systems is labour intensive and the vast majority of contemporary metabolic engineering projects do not involve this cutting-edge technology. We have identified key issues with current Cas9 toolkits and designed corresponding solutions. These include 1) A system to quickly switch between marker-free and marker-based integration constructs via Cre-expressing and standard Escherichia coli assembly strains. 2) The ability to redirect multigene integration donors into alternative genomic loci via Golden Gate – based exchange of homology arms. 3) A rapid, simple in-vivo method to re-encode guide sequences via recombineering between Cas9-helper plasmids and single oligonucleotides. We combine these methodologies into a next-generation toolkit for efficient metabolic engineering using CRISPR/Cas9. As a proof of concept, we characterized a library of 137 promoters and built a de novo Yarrowia lipolytica strain synthetizing 373.8 mg/L homogentisic acid.
Correlation analysis between the complex electrical permittivity and relaxation time of tissue mimicking phantoms in 7T MRI
Authors: Hernandez Daniel , Kim Kyoung-Nam 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Dielectric relaxation theory describes the complex permittivity of a material in an alternating field, in particular Debye theory relates the time it takes for an applied field to achieve the maximum polarization and the electrical properties of the material. Although, Debye’s equations were proposed for electrical polarization, in this study, we investigate the correlation between the magnetic longitudinal relaxation time T1 and the complex electrical permittivity of tissue-mimicking phantoms using a 7T magnetic resonance scanner. We created phantoms that mimicked several human tissues with specific electrical properties. The electrical properties of the phantoms were measured using bench-test equipment. T1 values were acquired from phantoms using MRI. The measured values were fitted with functions based on dielectric estimations, using relaxation times of electrical polarization, and the mixture theory for dielectrics. The results show that, T1 and the real permittivity are correlated; therefore, the correlation can be approximated with a rational function in the case of water-based phantoms. The correlation between index loss and T1 was determined using a fitting function based on the Debye equation and mixture theory equation, in which the fraction of the materials was taken into account. This phantom study and analysis provide an insight into the application relaxation times used for estimating dielectric properties. Currently the measurement of electrical properties based on dielectric relaxation theory uses an antenna, sometimes invasive, that irradiates electric field into a small sample, and is not possible to create a map of electrical properties for a complex structure like the human body. This study could be further used to compute electrical properties maps of tissues by scanning images and measuring T1 maps.