bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ethics of Unilateral Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders for COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Ciaffa Jay 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis paper examines several decision-making models that have been proposed to limit the use of CPR for COVID-19 patients. My main concern will be to assess proposals for the implementation of unilateral DNRs — i.e., orders to withhold CPR without the agreement of patients or their surrogates.
Say No to This: Unilateral Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders for Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Leiter Richard E. , Tulsky James A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this article, we comment on Ciaffa’s article ‘The Ethics of Unilateral Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders for COVID-19 Patients.’ We summarize his argument criticizing futility and utilitarianism as the key ethical justifications for unilateral do-not-resuscitate orders for patients with COVID-19.
EPSILON THEOREMS IN INTERMEDIATE LOGICS
Authors: BAAZ MATTHIAS , ZACH RICHARD 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAny intermediate propositional logic (i.e., a logic including intuitionistic logic and contained in classical logic) can be extended to a calculus with epsilon- and tau-operators and critical formulas. For classical logic, this results in Hilbert’s
$\varepsilon $
-calculus. The first and second
$\varepsilon $
-theorems for classical logic establish conservativity of the
$\varepsilon $
-calculus over its classical base logic. It is well known that the second
$\varepsilon $
-theorem fails for the intuitionistic
$\varepsilon $
-calculus, as prenexation is impossible. The paper investigates the effect of adding critical
$\varepsilon $
- and
$\tau $
-formulas and using the translation of quantifiers into
$\varepsilon $
- and
$\tau $
-terms to intermediate logics. It is shown that conservativity over the propositional base logic also holds for such intermediate
${\varepsilon \tau }$
-calculi. The “extended” first
$\varepsilon $
-theorem holds if the base logic is finite-valued Gödel–Dummett logic, and fails otherwise, but holds for certain provable formulas in infinite-valued Gödel logic. The second
$\varepsilon $
-theorem also holds for finite-valued first-order Gödel logics. The methods used to prove the extended first
$\varepsilon $
-theorem for infinite-valued Gödel logic suggest applications to theories of arithmetic.
COMPLEXITY OF INDEX SETS OF DESCRIPTIVE SET-THEORETIC NOTIONS
Authors: JOHNSTON REESE , RAGHAVAN DILIP 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDescriptive set theory and computability theory are closely-related fields of logic; both are oriented around a notion of descriptive complexity. However, the two fields typically consider objects of very different sizes; computability theory is principally concerned with subsets of the naturals, while descriptive set theory is interested primarily in subsets of the reals. In this paper, we apply a generalization of computability theory, admissible recursion theory, to consider the relative complexity of notions that are of interest in descriptive set theory. In particular, we examine the perfect set property, determinacy, the Baire property, and Lebesgue measurability. We demonstrate that there is a separation of descriptive complexity between the perfect set property and determinacy for analytic sets of reals; we also show that the Baire property and Lebesgue measurability are both equivalent in complexity to the property of simply being a Borel set, for
$\boldsymbol {\Sigma ^{1}_{2}}$
sets of reals.
COUNTING SIBLINGS IN UNIVERSAL THEORIES
Authors: BRAUNFELD SAMUEL , LASKOWSKI MICHAEL C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe show that if a countable structure M in a finite relational language is not cellular, then there is an age-preserving
$N \supseteq M$
such that
$2^{\aleph _0}$
many structures are bi-embeddable with N. The proof proceeds by a case division based on mutual algebraicity.
Does Origin Matter? Ethnic Group Position and Attitudes Toward Immigrants: The Case of Russia
Authors: Brunarska Zuzanna , Soral Wiktor 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article analyzes the relationship between the relative position of an ethnic group, as measured by its majority/minority status at a subnational level, and attitudes of its members toward immigrants of different origins. Based on the Russian case, it addresses the question whether the effects of in-group majority status within a region on attitudes toward the general category of immigrants hold regardless of out-group origin and, if not, what may drive this variation. Using data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of the Higher School of Economics and Bayesian hierarchical structural equation modeling, the study demonstrates that the relative position of an ethnic in-group is of varying importance as a predictor of attitudes toward migrant groups of European versus non-European origin in Russia. A group’s majority status within a region proved to play a role in predicting attitudes toward migrants originating from the “south” (encompassing North and South Caucasus; Central Asia; and China, Vietnam, and Korea) but not toward migrants coming from the “west” (Ukraine and Moldova). We draw on arguments related to the source and the level of threat induced by the out-groups, ethnic hierarchies, and group cues to explain this pattern of results.
An Improved Method of Automated Nonparametric Content Analysis for Social Science
Authors: Jerzak Connor T. , King Gary , Strezhnev Anton 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSome scholars build models to classify documents into chosen categories. Others, especially social scientists who tend to focus on population characteristics, instead usually estimate the proportion of documents in each category—using either parametric “classify-and-count” methods or “direct” nonparametric estimation of proportions without individual classification. Unfortunately, classify-and-count methods can be highly model-dependent or generate more bias in the proportions even as the percent of documents correctly classified increases. Direct estimation avoids these problems, but can suffer when the meaning of language changes between training and test sets or is too similar across categories. We develop an improved direct estimation approach without these issues by including and optimizing continuous text features, along with a form of matching adapted from the causal inference literature. Our approach substantially improves performance in a diverse collection of 73 datasets. We also offer easy-to-use software that implements all ideas discussed herein.
Daily consumption of wild olive (acebuche) oil reduces blood pressure and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling in rats with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertension
Authors: Reyes-Goya Claudia , Santana-Garrido Álvaro , Aguilar-Espejo Gema , Pérez-Camino M. Carmen , Mate Alfonso , Vázquez Carmen M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDespite numerous reports on the beneficial effects of olive oil in the cardiovascular context, very little is known about the olive tree’s wild counterpart (Olea europaea, L. var. sylvestris), commonly known as acebuche (ACE) in Spain. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible beneficial effects of an extra virgin ACE oil on vascular function in a rodent model of arterial hypertension (AH) induced by NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Four experimental groups of male Wistar rats were studied: (1) normotensive rats (Control group); (2) normotensive rats fed a commercial diet supplemented with 15 % (w/w) ACE oil (Acebuche group); (3) rats made hypertensive following administration of L-NAME (L-NAME group); and (4) rats treated with L-NAME and simultaneously supplemented with 15 % ACE oil (LN + ACE group). All treatments were maintained for 12 weeks. Besides a significant blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect, the ACE oil-enriched diet counteracted the alterations found in aortas from hypertensive rats in terms of morphology and responsiveness to vasoactive mediators. In addition, a decrease in hypertension-related fibrotic and oxidative stress processes was observed in L-NAME-treated rats subjected to ACE oil supplement. Therefore, using a model of AH via nitric oxide depletion, here we demonstrate the beneficial effects of a wild olive oil based upon its vasodilator, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antihypertrophic and antifibrotic properties. We postulate that regular inclusion of ACE oil in the diet can alleviate the vascular remodelling and endothelial dysfunction processes typically found in AH, thus resulting in a significant reduction of BP.
A sandwich in thin lie algebras
Authors: Mattarei Sandro 
Published: January 2022

AbstractA thin Lie algebra is a Lie algebra $L$, graded over the positive integers, with its first homogeneous component $L_1$ of dimension two and generating $L$, and such that each non-zero ideal of $L$ lies between consecutive terms of its lower central series. All homogeneous components of a thin Lie algebra have dimension one or two, and the two-dimensional components are called diamonds. Suppose the second diamond of $L$ (that is, the next diamond past $L_1$) occurs in degree $k$. We prove that if $k>5$, then $[Lyy]=0$ for some non-zero element $y$ of $L_1$. In characteristic different from two this means $y$ is a sandwich element of $L$. We discuss the relevance of this fact in connection with an important theorem of Premet on sandwich elements in modular Lie algebras.
Effect of P fertilizer and precipitation on wheat under permanent beds in the absence of N fertilizer application
Authors: Limon-Ortega A. , Baez-Perez A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractEnvironmental conditions contribute to a large percentage of wheat yield variability. This phenomenon is particularly true in rainfed environments and non-responsive soils to N. However, the effect of P application on wheat is unknown in the absence of N fertilizer application. This study was conducted from 2012 to 2019 in permanent beds established in 2005. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design and consisted of superimposing three P treatments (foliar, banded and broadcast application) plus a check (0P) within each one of four preceding N treatments (applied from 2005 to 2009). Foliar P generally showed a greater response than granular P treatments even though the soil tests high P (>30 mg/kg). Precipitation estimated for two different growth intervals explained through regression procedures the Years' effect. Seasonal precipitation (224–407 mm) explained variation of relative yield, N harvest index (NHI) and P agronomic efficiency (AE). Reproductive stage precipitation (48–210 mm) explained soil N supply. In dry years, foliar P application improved predicted relative yield 14% and AE 155 kg grain/kg P compared to granular P treatments. Similarly, soil N supply increased 15 kg/ha in dry moisture conditions during the reproductive stage. The NHI consistently improved over the crop seasons. This improvement was relatively larger for 0 kg N/ha. On average, NHI increased from about 0.57 to 0.72%. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) readings at the booting growth stage were negatively associated with NHI. Foliar P in this non-responsive soil to N showed the potential to replace granular P sources. However, the omission of granular P needs to be further studied to estimate the long-term effect on the soil P test.
Temporary obturator using high-density polyurethane foam following maxillectomy during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Aparna G , Alexander A , Sivaraman G , Kalaiarasi R 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundRhino-orbital mucormycosis was seen in epidemic proportions during the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Many of these post-coronavirus rhino-orbital mucormycosis patients underwent maxillectomy for disease clearance. Rehabilitating such a large number of patients with surgical obturators as an emergency in a low-income setting was challenging.MethodsHigh-density polyurethane foam was used to make a temporary obturator for patients who underwent maxillectomy. These obturators helped alleviate functional problems like dysphagia and nasal regurgitation, improving nutritional outcomes and shortening the hospital stay.ConclusionThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic gave physicians time-sensitive challenges, for which immediate alternatives to established care were required. A maxillary obturator made of high-density polyurethane foam is an innovative solution to rehabilitate maxillectomy patients in the immediate post-operative period.
Superior semicircular canal dehiscence repair with small middle fossa craniotomy using an oto-microscopic and co-endoscopic assisted approach
Authors: Tugrul S , Yenigun A , Kulaksiz Y , Dogan R , Aksoy F , Ozturan O 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveSuperior semicircular canal dehiscence is an uncommon neurotological disorder in which the petrous temporal bone overlying the superior semicircular canal lacks bone. Its most common symptoms include amplification of internal sounds, autophony, tinnitus, sound- and pressure-induced vertigo, hyperacusis, oscillopsia, and hearing loss. This video presentation aimed to demonstrate endoscopic-assisted repair of superior semicircular canal dehiscence with middle fossa craniotomy.MethodEleven patients with superior semicircular canal dehiscence, verified with temporal computed tomography, were enrolled in the study.ResultAn endoscopy-assisted middle fossa approach was applied to all patients. Superior semicircular canal dehiscence was successfully repaired with an endoscope in 11 patients.ConclusionEndoscopic-assisted repair of superior semicircular canal dehiscence may be a superior approach compared with binocular operative microscopy.
Clinical analysis of acute peripheral facial palsy in older adults
Authors: Jeong D Y , Kim H , Cho S I 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveAcute facial palsy is a consequence of various diseases, with the number of patients increasing with advancing age. This study aimed to analyse the clinical characteristics of acute peripheral facial palsy in older adults.MethodsA total of 30 patients with a mean age of 68.4 ± 9.1 years were included in the study. All patients received a standardised investigation and follow up. The hospital charts of the patients with acute facial palsy were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsThe predominant causes of acute facial palsy in older adults were: Bell's palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, trauma, otitis media and malignancy. At baseline, complete and incomplete facial palsies were seen in 26.7 per cent and 73.3 per cent of patients, respectively. The overall rates of good recovery, partial recovery and no recovery were 66.7 per cent, 10 per cent and 23.3 per cent, respectively. Increased age led to a significantly lower level of recovery in older adults.ConclusionBell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome were the most common aetiologies of acute facial palsy in older adults, and such patients are likely to have incomplete recovery. Active early treatment is necessary for achieving good outcomes in older adults.
Molecular signalling involved in upper airway remodelling is enhanced in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Lin C-C , Wang Y-P , Chiu C-H , Sun Y-K , Lin M-W , Tzeng I-S 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to elucidate whether molecular signalling involved in upper airway remodelling is enhanced in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.MethodTwenty patients with mild obstructive sleep apnoea (control group) and 40 patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea (obstructive sleep apnoea group) who desired uvulopalatopharyngoplasty were recruited for the study. After uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, surgical specimens of the uvula were subjected to haematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemical staining. Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the protein and messenger RNA expressions.ResultsThe obstructive sleep apnoea group showed more severe inflammation, increased collagen deposition and higher immunohistochemical staining intensity for TGF-ß and MMP-9 as well as higher protein and messenger RNA expression of MMP-9, VEGF, TGF-ß, p38 MAPK, SMAD 2/3, AKT and JNK in the uvula than control group.ConclusionPatients with obstructive sleep apnoea demonstrated more severe inflammation, increased airway remodelling, and increased protein and messenger RNA expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines in the uvula than control participants.
Prevalence of chronic maxillary atelectasis: a radiological study
Authors: Sivrice M E , Yasan H , Okur N , Okur E , Buyukcelik B , Kumbul Y C 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesChronic maxillary atelectasis is an infrequent entity and data on its prevalence are lacking. This study investigated the prevalence of chronic maxillary atelectasis and aimed to determine the bilaterality of this entity.MethodsThe data for 5835 patients who underwent paranasal sinus computed tomography from 2016 to 2020 were retrospectively analysed.ResultsFifty-four patients were diagnosed with chronic maxillary atelectasis; its prevalence was 0.92 per cent. The mean age of these 54 patients was 42.98 ± 18.89 years (range, 18–85 years); 17 of the patients were female and 37 were male. Chronic maxillary atelectasis was unilateral in 42 patients and bilateral in 12 patients (22.2 per cent). Eight patients were found to have enophthalmos with apparent facial asymmetry.ConclusionThe prevalence of bilateral chronic maxillary atelectasis may be higher than previously reported and bilaterality may increase as the number of diagnosed cases increases. A unified classification is also proposed, which describes the silent sinus syndrome as chronic maxillary atelectasis IIIS.
Dynamic path planning over CG-Space of 10DOF Rover with static and randomly moving obstacles using RRT* rewiring
Authors: Katiyar Shubhi , Dutta Ashish 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDynamic path planning is a core research content for intelligent robots. This paper presents a CG-Space-based dynamic path planning and obstacle avoidance algorithm for 10 DOF wheeled mobile robot (Rover) traversing over 3D uneven terrains. CG-Space is the locus of the center of gravity location of Rover while moving on a 3D terrain. A CG-Space-based modified RRT* samples a random space tree structure. Dynamic rewiring this tree can handle the randomly moving obstacles and target in real time. Simulations demonstrate that the Rover can obtain the target location in 3D uneven dynamic environments with fixed and randomly moving obstacles.
Use of a non-probabilistic online panel as a control group for case–control studies to investigate food and waterborne outbreaks in Lower Saxony, Germany
Authors: Perriat Delphine , Mertens Elke , Dreesman Johannes 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Established methods of recruiting population controls for case–control studies in infectious disease outbreak investigations are resource- and time-intensive, and are often subject to bias. The online panel have recently gained interest as an easy and timely method to select controls. We examined the feasibility, suitability and reliability of using an online panel to select controls for case–control studies as part of investigations of diffuse food and waterborne outbreaks. In January 2019, we deployed a web survey by email to the 277 members of a non-probabilistic online panel in Lower Saxony, Germany. We questioned them on basic sociodemographic characteristics and eating habits. They were frequency matched to cases on sex and age. Their food exposures were compared to those of traditionally recruited controls of four historical case–controls studies, which successfully investigated food and waterborne outbreaks. We used logistic regressions to assess the association between the food exposures and the disease (odds ratios). The use of a control panel successfully led to the identification of the food items in three of the four historical outbreak investigations, and their recruitment benefitted from increased speed and limited costs. Timely outbreak investigations would enable rapidly implementing control measures. We recommend the further evaluation of using panellists as controls in parallel case–control studies and case–panel studies.
A categorical view of varieties of ordered algebras
Authors: Adámek J. , Dostál M. , Velebil J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIt is well known that classical varieties of
$\Sigma$
-algebras correspond bijectively to finitary monads on
$\mathsf{Set}$
. We present an analogous result for varieties of ordered
$\Sigma$
-algebras, that is, categories of algebras presented by inequations between
$\Sigma$
-terms. We prove that they correspond bijectively to strongly finitary monads on
$\mathsf{Pos}$
. That is, those finitary monads which preserve reflexive coinserters. We deduce that strongly finitary monads have a coinserter presentation, analogous to the coequalizer presentation of finitary monads due to Kelly and Power. We also show that these monads are liftings of finitary monads on
$\mathsf{Set}$
. Finally, varieties presented by equations are proved to correspond to extensions of finitary monads on
$\mathsf{Set}$
to strongly finitary monads on
$\mathsf{Pos}$
.
Sequential bilingual heritage children's L1 attrition in lexical retrieval: Age of acquisition versus language experience
Authors: Kim Kitaek , Kim Hyunwoo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study investigated the unresolved issue of potential sources of heritage language attrition. To test contributing effects of three learner variables – age of second language acquisition, length of residence, and language input – on heritage children's lexical retrieval accuracy and speed, we conducted a real-time word naming task with 68 children (age 11–14 years) living in South Korea who spoke either Chinese or Russian as a heritage language. Results of regression analyses showed that the participants were less accurate and slower in naming target words in their heritage language as their length of residence in Korea and the amount of Korean input increased. The age of Korean acquisition did not significantly influence their performance. These findings support the claim that heritage speakers’ language experience is a more reliable predictor of first language attrition than age of acquisition. We discuss these findings in light of different approaches to explaining language attrition.