bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention augmented residual autoencoder for efficient polyp segmentation
Authors: Sushama Geetha , Menon Gopakumar Chandrasekhara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractColon cancer has been reported to be one of the frequently diagnosed cancers and the leading cause of cancer deaths. Early detection and removal of malicious polyps, which are precursors of colon cancer, can enormously lessen the fatality rate. The detection and segmentation of polyps in colonoscopy is a challenging task even for an experienced colonoscopist, due to divergences in the size, shape, texture, and the close resemblance of polyps with the colon lining. Machine‐assisted detection, localization, and segmentation of polyps in the screening procedure can profoundly help the clinicians. Autoencoder‐based architectures used in polyp segmentation lack the efficiency in incorporating both local and long‐range pixel dependencies. To address the challenges in the automatic segmentation of colon polyps we propose an autoencoder architecture, augmented with a feature attention module in the decoder part. The salient features from RGB colonoscopic images are extracted using the residual skip‐connected autoencoder. The decoder attention module joins spatial subspace with feature subspace extracted from the deep residual convolutional neural network and enhances the feature weight for precise segmentation of polyp regions. Extensive experiments on four publicly available polyp datasets demonstrate that the proposed architecture provides very impressive performance in terms of segmentation metrics (Dice scores and Jaccard scores) when compared with the state‐of‐the‐art polyp segmentation approaches.
Coaching home visitors: A thematic review with an emphasis on research and practice needs
Authors: Walsh Bridget A. , Innocenti Mark S , Early Start , Hughes‐Belding Kere 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThere is wide recognition in early childhood fields that coaching is important to a professional's development and growth in general, but little is known about coaching home visiting professionals in particular. An early childhood home visiting professional works with families to encourage positive parent‐child interactions, family goal setting, and family well‐being and health. Determining the essential components of coaching home visitors will help advance this field. Because coaching in the home visiting field is emergent, this article draws on literature from the early childhood field with an emphasis on applications for home visiting. We gleaned six themes that may represent common features of coaching. This article presents a compilation of common themes identified in literature reviews on coaching professionals across the early childhood field that warrant further development and evaluation by home visiting practitioners and researchers regardless of the home visiting model. The discussion concludes with recommendations to stimulate research and practice on coaching home visitors.
Sex‐specific associations between gut microbiota and skeletal muscle mass in a population‐based study
Authors: Park Chul‐Hyun , Lee Eun‐Ju , Kim Hyung‐Lae , Lee Yong‐Taek , Yoon Kyung Jae , Kim Han‐Na 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundA gut–muscle axis through which the microbiome influences skeletal muscle has been hypothesized. However, sex‐specific association between the characteristics of gut microbiota and skeletal muscle mass has not yet been reported. Herein, we performed sex‐specific analyses of faecal microbiota composition for the skeletal muscle mass in a population‐based cohort.MethodsWe collected faecal samples of 1052 middle‐aged participants (621 men and 431 women) who attended health screenings, and we analysed the intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Relative muscle mass was calculated using a bioelectrical impedance analysis and presented as the skeletal muscle mass index [SMI (%) = total appendicular muscle mass (kg)/weight (kg) × 100]. We categorized the subjects into four groups by the quartile of the SMI. Association tests between gut microbiota and SMI were conducted according to the microbial diversity, taxonomic profiling and functional inference in a sex‐stratified manner.ResultsThe mean age and SMI of the total participants were 44.8 years (standard deviation [SD], 8.2) and 41.4% (SD, 3.9), respectively. After adjustments for possible covariates such as age, body mass index and regular physical activity, the highest quartile (Q4) group of SMI had higher alpha diversity than the lowest quartile (Q1) group in male participants (coefficient = 10.79, P < 0.05, linear regression model), whereas there was no difference in diversity among SMI groups in females. At the species level, Haemophilus parainfluenzae (coefficient = 1.910) and Roseburia faecis (coefficient = 1.536) were more abundant in the highest SMI (Q4) group than in the lowest SMI (Q1) group in males. However, no significant taxon was observed along the SMI groups in females. The gut microbiota of the lowest SMI group (Q1) was enriched with genes involved in biosynthesis of amino acids and energy generation compared with that of the highest SMI group (Q4) in both sexes, although the significance of the inferred pathways was weak (P < 0.05 but the false discovery rate q > 0.05).ConclusionsIn this large sample of middle‐aged individuals, this study highlights fundamental sex‐specific differences in the microbial diversity, composition and metabolic pathways inferred from gut microbiota according to SMI. The gut microbiota may provide novel insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the sex dependence of skeletal muscle mass.
Differential diagnosis of cardiac tumors: General consideration and echocardiographic approach
Authors: Pino Paolo G. , Moreo Antonella , Lestuzzi Chiara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCardiac tumors may be primary (either benign or malignant) or secondary (malignant) and are first detected by echocardiography in most cases. The cardiologist often challenges their identification, the differential diagnosis and the best therapeutic approach. Malignant tumors have usually a poor prognosis, which may be significantly improved by appropriate and timely therapies. The echocardiographic aspects of benign and malignant cardiac tumors described in this article, along with a clinical evaluation may orient the differential diagnosis and aid in choosing the further steps useful to define the nature of the mass,
Transcranial Doppler ultrasound: Clinical applications from neurological to cardiological setting
Authors: D'Andrea Antonello , Fabiani Dario , Cante Luigi , Caputo Adriano , Sabatella Francesco , Riegler Lucia , Alfano Gabriele , Russo Vincenzo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTranscranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography is a rapid, noninvasive, real‐time, and low‐cost imaging technique. It is performed with a low‐frequency (2 MHz) probe in order to evaluate the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and its pathological alterations, through specific acoustic windows. In the recent years, TCD use has been expanded across many clinical settings. Actually, the most widespread indication for TCD exam is represented by the diagnosis of paradoxical embolism, due to patent foramen ovale, in young patients with cryptogenic stroke. In addition, TCD has also found useful applications in neurological care setting, including the following: cerebral vasospasm following acute subarachnoid hemorrhage, brain trauma, cerebrovascular atherosclerosis, and evaluation of CBF and cerebral autoregulation after an ischemic stroke event. The present review aimed to describe the most recent evidences of TCD utilization from neurological to cardiological setting.
Nutrient smuggling: Commensal gut bacteria‐derived extracellular vesicles scavenge vitamin B12 and related cobamides for microbe and host acquisition
Authors: Juodeikis Rokas , Jones Emily , Deery Evelyne , Beal David M. , Stentz Régis , Kräutler Bernhard , Carding Simon R. , Warren Martin J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe processes by which bacteria proactively scavenge essential nutrients in crowded environments such as the gastrointestinal tract are not fully understood. In this context, we observed that bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by the human commensal gut microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron contain multiple high‐affinity vitamin B12 binding proteins suggesting that the vesicles play a role in micronutrient scavenging. Vitamin B12 belongs to the cobamide family of cofactors that regulate microbial communities through their limited bioavailability. We show that B. thetaiotaomicron derived BEVs bind a variety of cobamides and not only deliver them back to the parental bacterium but also sequester the micronutrient from competing bacteria. Additionally, Caco‐2 cells, representing a model intestinal epithelial barrier, acquire cobamide‐bound vesicles and traffic them to lysosomes, thereby mimicking the physiological cobalamin‐specific intrinsic factor‐mediated uptake process. Our findings identify a novel cobamide binding activity associated with BEVs with far‐reaching implications for microbiota and host health.
A convenient total synthesis of indolo[2,3‐b]carbazole‐6,12‐dione
Authors: Chakraborty Suchandra 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIndolo[2,3‐b]carbazole‐6,12‐dione is exceptionally attractive due to its efficient antitumor activity. Synthesis of biologically potent symmetric indolo[2,3‐b]carbazole‐6,12‐dione and its N‐alkylated derivatives has been achieved by exploring the keto group of easily accessible 2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐carbazol‐1‐one with remarkable yields just in five steps, utilizing the two classical reactions—Japp‐Klingemann procedure followed by Fischer Indole Cyclisation as key steps. The required formylation of N‐alkylated 2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐carbazol‐1‐one has been effectively accomplished through Cross Claisen Condensation.
Characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells from supracrestal gingival connective tissue
Authors: Srithanyarat Supreda S. , Choosiri Manutsanun , Sa‐Ard‐Iam Noppadol , Petcharat Pijitra , Osathanon Thanaphum 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough periodontal ligament‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDL‐MSCs) have been recognized as the best MSC choice for periodontal regeneration, using PDL‐MSCs requires tooth extraction for cell isolation. The supracrestal gingival (SG) connective tissue is a part of the gingiva which is located close to the PDL. SG‐MSCs might have similar characteristic to the PDL‐MSCs and serve as a good MSC candidate for periodontal regeneration. This study aimed to investigate and compare the characteristics of human MSCs isolated from SG tissue (hSG‐MSCs), marginal gingival tissue (hMG‐MSCs), and PDL (hPDL‐MSCs) in terms of MSCs properties and differential gene expression profile.MethodsHuman periodontal tissue from five healthy subjects, including SG, MG, and PDL, was harvested. The primary cells of the hSG‐MSCs, hMG‐MSCs, and hPDL‐MSCs were isolated and expanded to assess MSCs markers by flow cytometry, colony‐forming ability, differentiation potential, RNA sequencing, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsOf the three cell types, the hSG‐MSCs demonstrated the highest colony‐forming ability. The number of alizarin red S positive colonies produced by the hSG‐MSCs was higher than the hMG‐MSCs but lower than the hPDL‐MSCs. RNA sequencing revealed that the hSG‐MSCs had a more similar gene expression profile to the hPDL‐MSCs than the hMG‐MSCs. Pathway enrichment analysis found no significant differences in the differentially expressed genes between the hSG‐MSCs and hPDL‐MSCs; however, there were significantly enriched pathways between the hPDL‐MSCs and hMG‐MSCs for the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and ECM‐receptor interaction pathways.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a close relationship between hSG‐MSCs and hPDL‐MSCs. hSG‐MSCs could be a potential MSC source for periodontal tissue engineering.
Immune response characterization of primary gingival fibroblasts from Grade C periodontitis patients
Authors: Stolf Camila S. , Sacramento Catharina M. , Alvarenga Carolina A. P. G. , Vieira Jonathan R. , Araújo Cássia F. , Monteiro Mabelle F. , Paz Hélvis E. S. , Santamaria Mauro P. , Ruiz Karina G. S. , Casarin Renato C. V. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundGrade C, Stage 3–4 Periodontitis (Perio4C) is a rapidly destructive disease caused by an unequilibrated immune response that starts after the primary contact of the periodontopathogens with the gingival tissue. However, it is still unclear how this imbalanced response initiates and what is the role of the connective tissue cells in the progression of this disease. Thus, this study aims to assess the local immune response of Perio4C patients through the exposure of primary gingival fibroblast cells (GFs) with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans protein extract (AaPE) and the quantification of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐1β, interferon (IFN)‐γ, and IL‐10 super‐family members (IL‐10, IL‐19, and IL‐24) secreted by them.MethodsGingival biopsies from nine periodontally health (PH) and eight Perio4C patients were harvested, and the primary culture of GFs was obtained. The cells were exposed to AaPE (5 and 20 μg/ml) and 12‐myristate 13‐phorbol acetate and ionomycin – calcium salt (PMA). The supernatant was collected after 1.5 and 3 h, and a cytokine panel was evaluated.ResultsClustering analysis indicated dissimilar and stimuli‐dependent cytokine production between Perio4C and PH subjects. Perio4C GFs presented lower production of IL‐4, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐17, IL‐10, IL‐24, and IL‐19, while IL‐1β levels were similar to the PH group, leading to a disruption in the pro‐/anti‐inflammatory cytokine ratio (p < 0.05). IL‐1β and IL‐10 super‐family were the most discriminative representants for PH and Perio4C, respectively.ConclusionGFs from individuals with Perio4C tended to hypo‐respond to stimulation with AaPE, producing lower concentrations of some pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory molecules, trending to develop a pro‐inflammatory extracellular environment.
Impact of local rivers on coastal acidification
Authors: Savoie Allison M. , Moody Amy , Gilbert Melissa , Dillon Kevin S. , Howden Stephan D. , Shiller Alan M. , Hayes Christopher T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCoastal ecosystems are highly dynamic areas for carbon cycling and are likely to be negatively impacted by increasing ocean acidification. This research focused on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) in the Mississippi Sound to understand the influence of local rivers on coastal acidification. This area receives large fluxes of freshwater from local rivers, in addition to episodic inputs from the Mississippi River through a human‐built diversion, the Bonnet Carré Spillway. Sites in the Sound were sampled monthly from August 2018 to November 2019 and weekly from June to August 2019 in response to an extended spillway opening. Prior to the 2019 spillway opening, the contribution of the local, lower alkalinity rivers to the Sound may have left the study area more susceptible to coastal acidification during winter months, with aragonite saturation states (Ωar) < 2. After the spillway opened, despite a large increase in TA throughout the Sound, aragonite saturation states remained low, likely due to hypoxia and increased CO2 concentrations in subsurface waters. Increased Mississippi River input could represent a new normal in the Sound's hydrography during spring and summer months. The spillway has been utilized more frequently over the last two decades due to increasing precipitation in the Mississippi River watershed, which is primarily associated with climate change. Future increases in freshwater discharge and the associated declines in salinity, dissolved oxygen, and Ωar in the Sound will likely be detrimental to oyster stocks and the resilience of similar ecosystems to coastal acidification.
Distribution patterns at different spatial scales reveal reproductive isolation and frequent syntopy among divergent lineages of an amphipod species complex in Western Carpathian streams
Authors: Bystřický Pavel Karel , Rutová Tereza , Brož Vojtěch , Gajdošová Magdalena , Juračka Petr Jan , Copilaş‐Ciocianu Denis , Petrusek Adam 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecent discoveries of vast cryptic diversity among various aquatic invertebrates pose a challenge for understanding their ecology and biodiversity patterns, as well as for conservation. We studied the distribution, potential hybridization and habitat preferences of divergent lineages of the hyperdiverseGammarus fossarumspecies complex (Crustacea: Amphipoda) in their contact zone in the Western Carpathians (Central Europe), to obtain insights into processes that may influence lineage coexistence. We initially screened over 60 sites to assess the regional distribution, confirming the presence of four lineages in streams of the study area. Two to three lineages were found to be syntopic at almost half the sites. Subsequently, nine such localities were studied in detail for the mesohabitat distribution (fast vs. slow water flow), pairing preferences, and temporal stability of theGammaruscommunity. A significant fraction of regional spatial variation was explained by the position in the dendritic river network, altitude, stream width, and anthropogenic stress. At the local scale, however, we did not find differences in distribution between mesohabitats with contrasting flow rates. Mixed precopulatory pairs in syntopy were extremely rare, even under highly imbalanced lineage ratios, confirming a strong prezygotic reproductive barrier between the studied lineages. This was congruent with species delimitation analyses using molecular markers, which confirmed the absence of any recent gene flow. The frequent and apparently temporally stable syntopy of these reproductively isolatedGammaruslineages warrants further research on the processes that may facilitate this coexistence, focusing on potential finer differences in their ecology, functional morphology, or biotic interactions.
River chemistry constraints on the carbon capture potential of surficial enhanced rock weathering
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Planavsky Noah J. , Katchinoff Joachim , Raymond Peter A. , Kanzaki Yoshiki , Reershemius Tom , Reinhard Christopher T. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractTechnologies and approaches that remove and sequester carbon dioxide (CO2) from Earth's atmosphere are likely to play a significant role in mitigating anthropogenic climate disruption in the coming century. Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) on the land surface is one extensively discussed approach toward carbon dioxide removal (CDR), but the capacity of rivers to carry dissolved products derived from ERW without CO2 re‐release is largely unexplored, hindering a full understanding of the life cycle of ERW and its associated maximum CDR potential. Here, we use a conceptual model built upon river/stream carbonate chemistry to estimate the upper limits on the carbon transport potential (CTP) of rivers and groundwaters. Our model yields a riverine CTP ranging between 0.26–0.89 GtCO2 yr−1 for the United States and 7.1–21.3 GtCO2 yr−1 globally for accelerated silicate weathering, and between 0.090–0.37 GtCO2 yr−1 for the United States and 2.5–8.8 GtCO2 yr−1 globally for accelerated carbonate weathering. Although these limits will be challenging to achieve in practice, our results support the notion that the transport of dissolved constituents in surface waters is unlikely to be a primary bottleneck limiting the CDR potential of ERW. This supports the notion that accelerated mineral weathering should be considered as an additional component of greenhouse gas mitigation portfolios. However, future research on the kinetics of ERW reactions and river responses, along with consideration of possible added CO2 emissions by activities needed to accomplish ERW, are needed for a more realistic quantification of the net CDR via ERW in the land–soil–river system.
Dennard Scaling in Optoelectronics: Scientific Challenges and Countermeasures of Micro‐LEDs for Displays
Authors: Lu Boyang , Wang Lai , Hao Zhibiao , Luo Yi , Chen Chien‐Ju , Wu Meng‐Chyi , Tang Jianshi , Kim Jong Kyu , Schubert E. Fred 
Published: October 2022

AbstractScaling‐down is the most significant technical strategy to improve performance for microelectronic devices, which is first performed systematically by Robert H. Dennard for silicon integrated circuits. Its main idea is that device parameters such as doping and junction depth must be adjusted when shrinking the dimensions of a field‐effect transistor so that the power density can remain unchanged. Recently, miniaturization of light‐emitting diodes or “microscale light‐emitting diodes (Micro‐LEDs)” is gaining much attention because of their potential for superior display technologies. However, the scaling‐down of LEDs used for solid‐state lighting (SSL) results in extremely low efficiency devices, with the reasons and underlying device physics still unclear. Here the law of Micro‐LED scaling is proposed in analogy to Dennard scaling, through which new perspectives are provided to comprehensively understand the root cause of Micro‐LED inefficiency and the scientific challenges to be addressed for mass commercialization, including subthreshold radiation, size‐dependent effect, and the enhancement of carrier recombination at low current density.
Strategies for Enhancement Luminance of Sub‐Micrometer Phosphor: A Sub‐Micrometer Narrow‐Band Red Phosphor with Ultrahigh Thermal Stability
Authors: Zhou Yuhan , Seto Takatoshi , Wang Yuhua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNowadays, phosphors are widely used in high quality white light emitting diodes (W‐LEDs) and display technology. Micro light emitting diode (Micro‐LED) has the advantages of ultrahigh resolution color saturation, while ordinary phosphors are difficult to apply due to their large particle size. As is known to all, once the phosphor particle size is reduced, its luminescence intensity will loser. This paper presents a strategy to improve the luminescence intensity of sub‐micrometer narrow‐band red phosphors. By increasing the doping concentration of rare‐earth ions through total substitution and reducing the nonradiative transition in the cell, ultrahigh concentration doping of sub‐micrometer phosphors is achieved to improve the luminescence intensity. Surprisingly, with increasing Eu3+ up to entirely substitution for Gd3+ site, both the absorption efficiency and the internal quantum efficiency of the sample increased greatly. The external quantum efficiency increased from 5.42% to 19.70%. Sub‐micrometer EuAl3(BO3)4 exhibits ultrahigh thermal stability, with a luminous intensity at 225 °C that is 128% of that at room temperature, meeting the conditions of extreme high‐temperature environments or high‐power LEDs. In summary, this work has great potential for application in W‐LED and presents a solution idea to solve the luminous intensity reduction of sub‐micrometer phosphors.