bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
peculiar competencia europea en I+D y el ejercicio de la subsidiariedad en el espacio europeo de investigación y en la política de I+D
Authors: Arizaga Ana 
Published: March 2022

La política europea de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico tiene como objetivo la consecución del denominado Espacio Europeo de Investigación, es decir, de un mercado interior del conocimiento donde se despliegue la libre circulación de investigadores, conocimiento y tecnologías. Para ello, la Unión cuenta con una competencia compartida con los Estados Miembros, caracterizada por un régimen peculiar según el cual no opera el principio de preclusión. En el ejercicio de esta particular competencia, la Unión debe observar el principio de subsidiariedad. Un principio que en el contexto del Espacio Europeo de Investigación se manifiesta como el factor que determina las responsabilidades y los roles que la instancia supranacional debe asumir para lograr ese objetivo de optimizar el funcionamiento de un verdadero mercado interior del conocimiento. La evolución de la naturaleza competencial de la Unión en I+D que pasa de ser una competencia complementaria a una compartida, aunque de carácter híbrido, la inclusión del objetivo de consecución del Espacio Europeo de Investigación y la articulación del juego de la subsidiariedad precisamente en base a dicho objetivo son factores que explican el extraordinario crecimiento de la actuación de la Unión en el ámbito de la investigación, actuación que se traduce en la aprobación e implementación de los denominados Programas Marco de Investigación e Innovación, de carácter plurianual. El recientemente aprobado 9.º Programa Marco, el Horizon Europe, se ejecutará entre 2021 y 2027 y supondrá una inversión superior a los 90.000 millones de euros en investigación e innovación europeas .
ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS AND PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF SLIPPED CAPITAL FEMORAL EPIPHYSIS. LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Egiazaryan K. A. , Grigoriev A. V. , Ratyev A. P. 
Published: March 2022

Aim: to describe the epidemiology, possible causes and predisposing factors for the development of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. To follow the evo­lution of classifications. Analyze indications for surgical treatment, as well as types of surgical treatment. Materials and methods: this review article analyzes the data of Russian and foreign literature on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Results: in view of the frequent distribution in the population, high risks of disability in pediatric patients, the issue of treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis remains very relevant. Many methods of surgical treatment have been proposed depending on the stage of the disease, however, they have their own advantages and disadvantages. Conclusions: Conservative treatment in the long term did not show good results, generally accepted, according to most sources of literature, surgical treatment is considered. The gold standard in the surgical treatment of the disease does not exist today, and the methods and tactics of treatment are being improved.
Toward a Better Understanding of Cosmic Chronometers: A New Measurement of H(z) at z ∼ 0.7
Authors: Borghi Nicola , Moresco Michele , Cimatti Andrea 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
We analyze the stellar ages obtained from a combination of Lick indices in Borghi et al. for 140 massive and passive galaxies selected in the LEGA-C survey at 0.6 < z < 0.9. From their median age–redshift relation, we derive a new direct measurement of H(z) without any cosmological model assumption using the cosmic chronometer approach. We thoroughly study the main systematics involved in this analysis: the choice of the Lick indices combination, the binning method, the assumed stellar population model, and the adopted star formation history; these effects are included in the total error budget. We obtain H(z = 0.75) = 98.8 ± 33.6 km s−1 Mpc−1. In parallel, we also propose a simple framework based on a cosmological model to describe the age–redshift relations in the context of galaxy downsizing. This allows us to derive constraints on the Hubble constant H
0 and the typical galaxy formation time. This new H(z) measurement, whose accuracy is currently limited by the scarcity of the sample analyzed, paves the road for the joint study of the stellar populations of individual passive galaxies and the expansion history of the universe in light of future spectroscopic surveys.
Low-resolution Optical Spectroscopy of Recently Discovered Accreting-only Symbiotic Star THA 15–31
Authors: Merc Jaroslav , Charbonnel Stéphane , Garde Olivier , Dû Pascal Le , Mulato Lionel , Petit Thomas , Gális Rudolf 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Recently, the discovery and characterization of a new accreting-only symbiotic star THA 15–31 was presented. Motivated by the suggestion that the optical spectrum of the star might show the emission lines with higher ionization potential in comparison with previously studied epochs, we have obtained a low-resolution spectrum of this target. The spectrum does not reveal the presence of suggested He ii emission lines. Moreover, the near-UV excess seems to be even less prominent now in comparison with the previous observations, suggesting a decrease in mass transfer and accretion rate. The search for He ii emission lines should be repeated when the accretion rate is higher.
Gravitational Redshift for Wide Binaries in Gaia eDR3
Authors: Loeb Abraham 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The Doppler effect is commonly used to infer the velocity difference between stars based on the relative shifts in the rest-frame wavelengths of their spectral features. In wide binaries, the difference in gravitational redshift from the surfaces of the constituent stars with distinct compactness dominates at separations ≳10−2 pc. I suggest that this effect became apparent for wide pairs in the Gaia eDR3 catalog but was incorrectly interpreted as a possible modification of Newtonian gravity in the internal kinematics of very wide binaries.
The Equilibrium Temperature of Planets on Eccentric Orbits: Time Scales and Averages
Authors: Quirrenbach Andreas 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
From estimates of the near-surface heat capacity of planets it is shown that the thermal timescale is larger than the orbital period in the presence of a global ocean that is well-mixed to a depth of 100 m, or of an atmosphere with a pressure of several tens of bars. As a consequence, the temperature fluctuations of such planets on eccentric orbits are damped. The average temperature should be calculated by taking the temporal mean of the irradiation over an orbit, which increases with

1

/

1
−

e

2

. This conclusion is independent of the orbital distance and valid for Sun-like stars; the damping is even stronger for low-mass main sequence hosts.
Quand le bien-être au travail rencontre la performance : une analyse des représentations sociales d’assistants sociaux
Authors: Bernard Nathalie , Abord de Chatillon Emmanuel 
Published: March 2022

Le propos de notre contribution est de clarifier la compréhension du lien entre bien-être au travail et performance. Cinquante-cinq entretiens ont été réalisés auprès de salariés d’une structure spécialisée dans le service social du travail, et proposant à ce titre des actions d’accompagnement social pour les salariés d’entreprises privées et d’organismes publics. Il ressort de l’analyse des représentations sociales que les deux concepts « bien-être au travail » et « performance » présentent une dualité complémentaire combinée à une imbrication ou une interdépendance des deux concepts. Il a également pu être mis en avant que la satisfaction était une dimension commune au bien-être au travail et à la performance.
ESS, entreprise sociale et pauvreté : l’exemple des Philippines
Authors: Dacanay Marie Lisa , Mammar El Hadj Sihem 
Published: March 2022

Cet article porte sur un certain type d’entreprises sociales ayant émergé aux Philippines dans un contexte marqué par la pauvreté et les inégalités sociales. Il s’agit d’entreprises sociales permettant aux pauvres d’être les principaux acteurs de la création et de la redistribution de la richesse. L’auteure présente les principaux résultats de trois recherches qu’elle a menées entre 2008 et 2015 en collaboration avec l’Institut de l’entrepreneuriat social en Asie, sur ces entreprises dans lesquelles les pauvres sont les principaux intervenants (Social enterprises with the poor as primary stakeholders, SEPPS). Elle distingue deux modèles : le modèle de collaboration qui implique les pauvres comme partenaires transactionnels et le modèle d’autonomisation dans lequel les pauvres ne sont mobilisés qu’en tant que partenaires transformationnels. En tant que réponses aux défaillances de l’Etat et du marché et en tant qu’organisations hybrides engagées dans ce processus de transformation, les SEPPS jouent un double rôle dans la construction d’une économie équitable et plurielle aux Philippines.
Les entreprises autogérées au Portugal, de la révolution des Œillets à l’économie sociale
Authors: Marie Pierre 
Published: March 2022

La révolution des Oeillets, en avril 1974, a constitué une rupture dans l’histoire contemporaine portugaise. La chute du régime autoritaire de Salazar a permis une transformation en profondeur du pays. Des expériences d’autogestion sont alors apparues dans la sphère économique afin de préserver les emplois. Portés par ce contexte favorable, les travailleurs ont organisé la reprise de la production. Avec la fin du processus révolutionnaire, en 1976, les entreprises autogérées se sont trouvées isolées, malgré la protection constitutionnelle qui les caractérise. L’élaboration récente de l’économie sociale au Portugal a néanmoins conduit à une reprise de la notion d’autogestion.
Ufundi and Tekinolojia in Independent Tanzania: Kiswahili Lexicons of Specialization in Adult Education Manuals, 1960s to 1980s
Authors: Grace Joshua 
Published: March 2022

In the 1970s and 1980s, Tanzanian Publishing House, a government parastatal of the East African nation, embarked upon a project to spread practical yet specialized knowledge to its citizens through a series of twenty how–to Kiswahili manuals called Vitabu Vya Ufundi (“Books of Specialization”). The authors who participated in this project certainly helped shape a national technical language by introducing new terms in both English and Kiswahili. Yet equally important, and the subject of this essay, is that the authors drew upon pre-existing linguistic frameworks and categories for establishing the boundaries of useful knowledge. Using seven of these manuals, this essay demonstrates how a broad, flexible, and historic Kiswahili term for specialization, ufundi, provided a framework for state entities, practitioners-turned-authors, and citizens to establish and negotiate the boundaries of knowledge production during the independent period. It further shows how the vernacularized term for technology, tekinolojia, found uptake with and through established discourses of ufundi and their relationship to two other significant terms, kilimo (farming or agriculture) and maendeleo (development).
Canguilhem et « la technique »
Authors: Deldicque Timothée 
Published: March 2022

La restitution et la contextualisation de la critique faite par Georges Canguilhem de la thèse réduisant « la technique » à l’application de « la science » permet de formuler l’hypothèse suivante : cette critique constitue une réponse, faite depuis la philosophie, à « la crise de la raison » qui secoue l’entre-deux-guerres et remet en cause l’association entre science et progrès, à l’instar du programme de recherche sur les rapports entre science et technique né en sciences humaines à la même époque à l’initiative des Annales. Les deux peuvent être rapprochés dans la mesure où ils placent en leur centre l’idée d’« action réciproque » entre science et technique se trouvant également au cœur de l’interprétation faite de la pensée de Marx par les intellectuels philosoviétiques français au milieu des années 1930. La critique de Canguilhem se nourrit de ces conceptions mais par d’autres aspects, concernant au premier chef sa philosophie des valeurs puis sa « philosophie biologique », elle s’en démarque.
La technologie de Leroi-Gourhan : les enchevêtrements d’un chef de file
Authors: Schlanger Nathan 
Published: March 2022

André Leroi-Gourhan est justement reconnu comme le continuateur de Marcel Mauss et le chef-de-file de la technologie française – entendue comme l’étude des techniques dans les sciences humaines et sociales. Les ressources et les références avec lesquelles il construit sa technologie ne sont cependant pas faciles à élucider. Durant la période qui nous intéresse ici, de la fin des années 1930 au début des années 1950, avant donc que ne s’élabore Le Geste et la parole, ce « détestable bibliographe » était rarement explicite sur les diverses influences, parfois inattendues, qu’il subissait, qu’il adaptait ou encore qu’il occultait. S’appuyant sur des publications peu connues et des sources d’archives, ce chapitre reprend des éléments d’une étude plus large, L’Invention de la technologie. Une histoire intellectuelle avec André Leroi-Gourhan (à paraître, PUF, 2022).
Viral kinetics in SARS-CoV-2 infected asymptomatic patients
Authors: Abeywardana K. D. S. T. , Janage S. N. , Athukorala L. S. , Udawatta Y. Y. , Sudararaj R. S. , Dharmasiri A. W. R. , Arachchige N. D. S. 
Published: March 2022

Introduction: As the daily number of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR increases, the necessity to identify truly infectious cases becomes more significant. We aimed to identify a cut-off Ct value of the COVID-19 RT-PCR assay for likely infectivity by assessing the COVID-19 IgG status and investigating the utility of the Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) in identifying infectious cases among asymptomatic individuals.
Methods: Nasopharyngeal/throat swabs were simultaneously taken for COVID-19 RT-PCR and RAT from 552 asymptomatic individuals at De Soysa Maternity Hospital, Colombo, from 23rd of November to 19th of December 2020. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 IgG (against nucleoprotein) status in PCR positive individuals was evaluated when simultaneously taken sera was available.
Results: COVID-19 RT-PCR positive rate among asymptomatic individuals was 14.3% (n=79). The overall sensitivity of RAT was 30.4% but increased to 73.9% when Ct values below 25 were considered. The COVID-19 IgG response was evaluated in 37 PCR positive subjects and the overall seropositivity was 40.5%. The optimal Ct thresholds for discrimination of COVID-19 IgG status were 30.5 and 30.29 for the E and S gene respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between Ct values of the E gene and IgG ratio values (r=0.345, p<0.05). The Ct thresholds for RAT positivity were 26.5 and 26.06 for E and S genes respectively, with a significant negative correlation (p<0.001).
Conclusion: We conclude that it is possible to define a cut off Ct value in SARS-CoV-2 PCR (with some error margin for practical purposes) for likely non-infectivity. It was also deduced that positive COVID-19 rapid antigen result seems to be more predictive of infectivity in comparison to positive PCR result.
Urine Trypsinogen-2 as a Noninvasive Screening Test for Predicting Post-ERCP Pancreatitis (PEP)
Authors: Yewale Rohan Vijay , Vinish Doraiswami Babu , Jayaraman Kayalvizhi , Chand Naveen , Papalkar Parag , Ramakrishna Balakrishnan Siddartha 
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives:
post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (post-ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is a notorious complication of ERCP procedure with varying incidence and severity across literature. There is a dearth of screening modalities which can accurately predict PEP in the immediate postprocedure period. The objective of our study was to assess the reliability of a rapid urine trypsinogen-2 dipstick test in predicting PEP at 4 h post-ERCP.

Methods:
This was a prospective, single center, analytical study conducted over a period of eighteen months among 124 patients who underwent ERCP for various biliary indications at SRM Institute for Medical Sciences Hospital, Chennai. Patients with acute or chronic pancreatitis and those undergoing any form of pancreatic endotherapy were specifically excluded. Urine samples were collected at 4 h postprocedure and tested for trypsinogen-2 using a commercially available, rapid urine dipstick test with a lower limit of detection of 50 mg/L. Patients were subsequently followed up for a day and assessed clinically and biochemically for the development of PEP.

Results:
After excluding 57 patients out of the 124 as per the exclusion criteria, a total of 79 patients who underwent ERCP for various biliary indications were ultimately enrolled for the study and subsequent analysis. Three out of the seventy nine patients in the study population were diagnosed to have PEP (3.79%) and one out of the three patients developed severe acute PEP. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of urine trypsinogen-2 at 4 h post-ERCP as a predictor of PEP were 66.7%, 92.1%, 25%, 98.3% and 91.1%, respectively. Serum lipase levels were elevated more than or equal to three times upper limit of normal in a total of eleven patients (11/79). 8/11 patients had asymptomatic hyperlipasemia. Median serum lipase level in patients with PEP was 864 U/L.

Conclusion:
Urine trypsinogen 2 dipstick can be reliably used as a screening test in ruling out PEP and guiding clinicians in discharging patients on the day of ERCP procedure. However, larger, blinded studies with lesser logistic limitations are needed to provide further evidence to extrapolate our data and advocate the utilization of this test in routine practice.
Pinna Injuries Management at Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Sinha Vikas , Parmar Bhagirathsinh D. , Senta Nilam T. , Jha Sushil G. , Yadav Sandeep Kumar 
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Ear is one of the most important parts of the face along with the nose and eyes, as normal pinna is projected outward, it is highly vulnerable to injury by road traffic accident (RTA) and other causes.

Aim of Study:
The aim of the study was to evaluate various etiology, management, and treatment outcomes of pinna injury.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty cases of pinna injuries were treated medically and surgically over a period of 1 year at Sir T Hospital, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, India.

Results:
It was observed that RTA (46%) was the most common cause of pinna injury.

Conclusion:
RTA is the most common cause of injury to pinna, followed by assault, thermal injury, human bite, and animal bite. To lessen the risk of perichondritis, aseptic precautions are most important thing.
Comparison of Video Head Impulse Test Findings in Individuals Aged between 20–39 and 40–60 Years
Authors: Gedik Özge , Bal Nilüfer , Özdemir Sümeyye , Mutlu Berna Özge , Taşdemir Elifnur , Kaya Burcu , Kurt Eda , Kaya Nur Sema , Durukan Zeynep 
Published: March 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the normal gain values specific to each semicircular canals by using the goggle-less model of video head impulse test (vHIT) between ages of 20–39 and 40–60, gender and age-related gain values changes.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was performed in 99 participants aged 20–39 years and 100 participants aged 40–60 years. Each semicircular canal gain values were interpreted by comparing for both the age group of 20–39 and 40–60 years and gender.

Results:
The mean right lateral, right posterior, left lateral, and left posterior canal gain of 20–39 age group was significantly higher than the 40–60 age group. Regardless of age, while the mean left lateral canal gain in females was significantly higher than males, the mean right anterior and right posterior canal gain was significantly higher in males. The mean right lateral and the left lateral canal gains were significantly higher in females in the 20–39 years' age group; however, the mean right anterior, right posterior, and left posterior canals gains were significantly higher in males than in females. The mean right lateral canal gain in males was significantly higher in the 40–60 age group than that of females.

Conclusions:
The vHIT as a standard test for vestibular assessment provides clinical benefits, in addition the comparing for different age groups for goggle-less vHIT model will provide more beneficial results in the evaluation of patients. In the literature, there are not many studies on the goggle-less vHIT device, so we believe our study will be a pioneer in this field.
Cochlear Implant Habilitation During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kumari Abha , Sahoo Lokanath , Patnaik Uma , Dwivedi Gunjan 
Published: March 2022

Aim and Objectives:
The current study was undertaken to assess the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cochlear implant rehabilitation of children with congenital nonsyndromic bilateral severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The objectives were to find out the psychological impact of COVID-19 on parents of children with cochlear implant habilitation, to assess the performance of children with cochlear implant habilitation through teletherapy, and to analyze the problems faced by the parents to obtain the professional hearing health-care services for their cochlear implanted children.

Materials and Methods:
An online questionnaire survey was conducted among the parents of children who had undergone cochlear implantation (CI) consequent to congenital severe-to-profound SNHL. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, these children were receiving regular auditory verbal therapy (AVT) including visits to the Centre for audiological services (mapping and troubleshooting of the speech processor).

Results:
The online questionnaire survey has undertaken. A total of 50 parents were participated in this study. All the parents are unanimously reported that the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected them in the form of accessing the professional health-care services for regular mapping and troubleshooting of the speech processor and also their children's rehabilitation. However, active involvement between the health-care professionals and the parents through video consultation and tele AVT has definitely helped the children to a great extent.

Conclusion:
The present study emphasizes the great challenge posed by the COVID-19 pandemic for continued rehabilitation of CI children. The innovative digital media technology helps in addressing such medical issues through telemedicine, teleaudiology, and teletherapy.