bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual differences in the dietary response to stress in ecological momentary assessment: Does the individual‐difference model need expansion?
Authors: Ruf Alea , Neubauer Andreas B. , Koch Elena D. , Ebner‐Priemer Ulrich , Reif Andreas , Matura Silke 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAccording to the individual‐difference model, individuals differ in the way stress changes their eating behaviour. Research shows that some increase, some decrease, and others show no change in food intake. Despite numerous efforts to identify moderating variables that explain these individual (i.e., between‐person) differences, evidence remains inconclusive. The present study aims at deepening the understanding of the stress and eating relationship by applying ecological momentary assessment to study (1) the influence of stress on whether and how much individuals eat and (2) the moderating role of gender, age, BMI, trait stress‐eating, and eating styles. The APPetite‐mobile‐app was used for 3 days to capture actual food intake (event‐contingent) and perceived stress (signal‐contingent). Data of 154 healthy adults suggest that stress is not associated with whether but how much individuals eat. Only gender moderated the relationship between stress and the amount of food intake. Individual differences were small indicating that an individual's dietary response to stress might not be as stable as yet assumed. Moreover, a study suggests that time‐varying factors (e.g., food availability) moderate the stress and eating relationship. Hence, intraindividual (i.e., within‐person) variability may be relevant. Therefore, we propose an expansion of the individual‐difference model, which accounts for time‐varying factors.
Systematic review: the role of psychological stress in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Black Jacqueline , Sweeney Louise , Yuan Yuhan , Singh Harinder , Norton Christine , Czuber‐Dochan Wladyslawa 
Published: September 2022

SummaryBackgroundPsychological stress is a possible factor in the disease course and poor psychosocial outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Understanding the exact relationship between stress and health has been hampered by methodological issues and how stress has been defined and measured.AimsTo explore the association between stress and disease outcomes, investigate the impact of stress on psychosocial outcomes, and evaluate the efficacy of interventions in reducing stress for people with IBDMethodsWe performed a systematic review, searching Medline, CINAHL, Embase and PsycInfo databases on 21 January 2021. We included prospective studies that recruited people with IBD who were aged 16 or over and that measured psychological stress or distress. Analyses included Critical Appraisal Skills Programme quality assessments of included studies and narrative analyses against each research question.ResultsWe reviewed 38 studies with 4757 people with IBD, and included 23 observational and 15 interventional studies using 36 different instruments to measure stress. Perceived stress was the most frequently studied concept and preceded IBD exacerbation. Only three studies examined the relationship between stress and psychosocial factors. Cognitive behavioural interventions may reduce stress and other interventions with disease‐specific stress, but more studies are needed where groups have comparable baseline characteristics and potential harms are considered alongside benefits.ConclusionPsychological stress appears to precede IBD exacerbation, although what role it plays in psychosocial outcomes and how it is best managed is unclear. Further research needs to examine the differential effects of stress on disease subtypes and IBD in flare and remission.
An enzymatic assay with formate oxidase for point‐of‐care diagnosis of methanol poisoning
Authors: Lao Yvonne Elisabeth , Heyerdahl Fridtjof , Jacobsen Dag , Hovda Knut Erik 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGas chromatographic analysis for quantification of plasma methanol requires laboratory equipment and personnel, and it is typically unavailable in short time notice, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Detection of formate with the enzyme formate oxidase (FOX) is a promising method that can make the diagnosis of methanol poisoning simple and fast. The aims of this study were to test the sensitivity and specificity of a modified FOX‐enzyme and to test the specificity of a point‐of‐care (POC)‐model containing FOX‐enzyme with samples from patients with metabolic acidosis. The sensitivity and specificity of FOX‐enzyme in aqueous solution were evaluated with a spectrometer and by visual detection for colour change. Formate concentrations between 1 and 20 mmol/L were used to test sensitivity, and 18 potentially interfering substances were tested for specificity. The sensitivity of the FOX‐enzyme was 100% and the specificity 97%. When specificity of the POC‐model was tested, no false positives were detected. As such, the sensitivity and specificity of this modified FOX‐enzyme for detection of formate were high. The results with this enzyme confirm the potential for its use in formate analysis as a fast diagnosis of methanol poisoning.
Guidelines of guidelines: focal therapy for prostate cancer, is it time for consensus?
Authors: Ong Sean , Chen Kenneth , Grummet Jeremy , Yaxley John , Scheltema Matthijs J. , Stricker Phillip , Tay Kae Jack , Lawrentschuk Nathan 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo provide a summary and discussion of international guidelines, position statements and consensus statements in relation to focal therapy (FT) for prostate cancer (PCa).MethodsThe European Association of Urology‐European Association of Nuclear Medicine‐European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology‐European Society of Urogential Radiology‐International Society of Urological Pathology‐International Society of Geriatric Oncology and American Urological Association‐American Society for Radiation Oncology‐Society of Urologic Oncology guidelines were interrogated for recommendations for FT. PubMed and Ovid Medline were searched for consensus statements. Only studies in English since 2015 were included. Reference lists of the included articles were also interrogated and a manual search for studies was also performed.ResultsOur results showed a lack of long‐term randomised data for FT. International Urological guidelines emphasised the need for more high‐quality clinical trials with robust oncological and toxicity outcomes. Consensus and positions statements were heterogenous.ConclusionA globally accepted guideline for FT planning, technique and follow‐up are still yet to be determined. Well‐designed studies with long‐term follow‐up and robust clinical and toxicity endpoints are needed to improve our understanding of FT and create uniform guidelines to streamline management and follow‐up.
Randomized controlled trial of intravesical electrical stimulation for underactive bladder
Authors: Liao Limin , Deng Han , Chen Guoqing , Chen Hui , Huang Maping , Xie Keji , Wei Xinghua , Xu Zhihui , Huang Banggao , Chong Tie , Chen Qi , Xiao He , Huang Zhongming , Jiang Haihong , Jing Huafang 
Published: September 2022

AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravesical electrical stimulation (IVES) performed with a novel device in patients with underactive bladder (UAB).Patients and MethodsThis was a multicentre, prospective, single‐blind, randomized controlled clinical trial of patients with UAB in China. Eligible patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive conventional IVES (n = 38) or IVES with an open circuit (n = 38). The primary efficacy measure was change from baseline in post‐void residual urine volume (PVR) after 4 weeks of treatment. Secondary efficacy measures included changes in maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), bladder voiding efficiency (BVE), number of 24‐h clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) procedures, and Patient Perception of Bladder Condition‐Scale (PPBC‐S) and American Urological Association Symptom Index Quality of Life (AUA‐SI‐QoL) scores from baseline after 4 weeks of treatment. Adverse events (AEs) were monitored throughout the trial.ResultsIn the full analysis set (FAS), the mean (sd) PVR changes in the trial and control groups at 4 weeks were −97.1 (107.5) mL and −10.5 (86.7) mL, respectively (P < 0.01). Similar results were obtained in the per‐protocol set (PPS): −102.9 (100.0) mL vs 0.7 (82.5) mL (P < 0.01). In the FAS and PPS, Qmax improved significantly at 4 weeks (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03). In the FAS and PPS, BVE was significantly improved at 4 weeks in the two groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01), whereas no significant differences in the number of 24‐h CIC procedures, PPBC‐S score or AUA‐SI‐QoL score were observed between the groups. Six possible therapy‐related AEs occurred in six patients (four in the trial group and two in the control group; P = 0.67), all of which were urinary tract infections. No severe AEs were reported.ConclusionsThe results of this clinical study strongly demonstrate that UAB patients benefit from this novel IVES device. More research is needed to validate the clinical utility of this device.
p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism, adiposity status, and cancer risk: Two case‐cohorts within a Japanese prospective study
Authors: Nakano Shiori , Yamaji Taiki , Katagiri Ryoko , Sawada Norie , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro , Iwasaki Motoki ,   for the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study Group
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe tumor suppressor protein, p53, is a critical molecule involved in cancer development. However, the association between p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and cancer risk remains unclear, possibly due to the pro‐tumor potential of p53 under metabolic stress. Here, we hypothesized that the p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism plays different roles during tumorigenesis by adiposity status. We measured baseline body mass index (BMI) and p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism for two case‐cohorts, which included 4264 cancers with up to 20 years of follow‐up. Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using weighted Cox proportional‐hazards method. Without consideration of adiposity status, p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism was not associated with cancer risk. However, proline (Pro) homozygous genotype conferred an increased cancer risk for individuals with a BMI <25 kg/m2 (HR [95% CI]: 1.12 [1.00–1.26] for total cancer and 1.19 [1.02–1.38] for obesity‐related cancer), but not for those with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. The heterogeneous effect of p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism on cancer risk according to adiposity status was indicated (pheterogeneity: 0.07 for total cancer and 0.03 for obesity‐related cancer). Furthermore, the association between overweight and cancer risk was only observed in arginine (Arg) carriers, but not in Pro homozygous carriers (pheterogeneity: 0.07 for total cancer and 0.02 for obesity‐related cancer). Pro homozygous carriers were more likely to be predisposed to cancer than Arg carriers with normal‐weight conditions. In addition, overweight was related to a higher cancer risk in Arg carriers than Pro homozygous carriers. Our findings may suggest the adiposity‐dependent dual effects of p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism during tumorigenesis.
Language, ambiguity, and executive functions in adolescents' theory of mind
Authors: Brodsky Jessica E. , Bergson Zachary , Chen Ming , Hayward Elizabeth O. , Plass Jan L. , Homer Bruce D. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractExecutive functions' (EF) role in adolescents' advanced theory of mind (aToM) was examined. In Study 1, adolescents (N = 189 in 2017, Mage = 13.1 years, 55.6% female from racially/ethnically diverse schools) completed the Flexibility and Automaticity of Social Cognition task (FASC), and shifting and inhibition measures. Study 2 (N = 289 in 2018 and 2019, Mage = 15.7 years, 59.9% female, 56.4% Hispanic/Latino) replicated Study 1 in older adolescents using automated scoring of FASC flexibility. Flexibility of social cognition varied based on ambiguity and language use; automaticity of social cognition varied by ambiguity. The role of EF was less conclusive; shifting and inhibition predicted some flexibility and automaticity measures. Ambiguity, language, and EF, particularly shifting, influence aToM into adolescence.
Family support services buffer the effect of child welfare notifications on child removals
Authors: Toikko Timo , Seppälä Piia , Häkkilä Laura , Hietamäki Juulia 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrevious studies have found mixed results about the effects of family support services within the child protection system. The purpose of the study is to examine whether family support services are associated with the need for child removals at the community level. The material of the study consists of Finnish municipalities (N = 292) and their child protection indicators. Linear regression analysis was conducted to analyse the associations between the dependent variable (child removals) and the main predictors (child welfare notifications and family support services). It was found that family support services are associated with child removals. The more children there are in family support services, the more there are also child removals in a municipality. The key finding of the analysis is that a higher rather than lower proportion of clients in family support services buffers the increased effect of demand (child welfare notifications) on child removals better. In this sense, the demand for child removals is not only associated with the characteristics of children and families but may be partly explained by the role of family support services in a municipality. The present study underlines the significance of a system‐level approach to child protection.
Platelet findings in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome correlate with disease manifestations but do not correlate with GPIb surface expression
Authors: Campbell Ian M. , Crowley T. Blaine , Jobaliya Chintan , Bailey Alice , McGinn Daniel E. , Gaiser Kimberly , Bassett Anne , Gur Raquel E. , Morrow Bernice , Emanuel Beverly S. , Franco Aime T. , French Deborah , Zackai Elaine H. , McDonald‐McGinn Donna M. , Lambert Michele P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractPrior studies have demonstrated that patients with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) have lower platelet counts (PC) compared to non‐deleted populations. They also have an increased mean platelet volume. The mechanism for this has been postulated to be haploinsufficiency of the GPIBB gene. We examined platelet parameters, deletion size and factors known to influence counts, including status of thyroid hormone and congenital heart disease (CHD), in a population of 825 patients with 22q11.2DS. We also measured surface expression of GPIB‐IX complex by flow cytometry. The major determinant of PC was deletion status of GP1BB, regardless of surface expression or other factors. Patients with nested distal chromosome 22q11.2 deletions (those with GP1BB present) had higher PCs than those with proximal deletions where GP1BB is deleted. Patients with 22q11.2DS also demonstrated an accelerated PC decrease with age, occurring in childhood. These data demonstrate that genes within the proximal deletion segment drive PC differences in 22q11.2DS and suggest that PC reference ranges may need to be adjusted for age and deletion size in 22q11.2DS populations. Bleeding did not correlate with either platelet count or GPIb expression. Further studies into drivers of expression of GPIb and associations with severe thrombocytopenia and immune thrombocytopenia are needed to inform clinical care.
Cross‐sectional association of metrics derived from continuous glucose monitoring with cognitive performance in older adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Sugimoto Taiki , Tokuda Haruhiko , Miura Hisayuki , Kawashima Shuji , Ando Takafumi , Kuroda Yujiro , Matsumoto Nanae , Fujita Kosuke , Uchida Kazuaki , Kishino Yoshinobu , Sakurai Takashi 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimTo examine the association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)‐derived metrics and cognitive performance in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and methodsA total of 100 outpatients with T2D aged 70 years or older were analysed. Participants underwent CGM for 14 days. As CGM‐derived metrics, mean sensor glucose (SG), glucose coefficient of variation (CV), time in range (TIR; 70‐180 mg/dl), time above range (TAR; > 180 mg/dl) and time below range (TBR; < 70 mg/dl), were calculated. Participants underwent cognitive tests, including the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA‐J), a delayed word‐recall test from the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐cognitive subscale, a digit symbol substitution test, a letter word fluency test, a trail‐making test (TMT) and digit span test (DSP).ResultsIn multiple regression analyses adjusted for confounders, a higher mean SG was associated with a lower performance in MoCA‐J and TMT part B (TMT‐B) (P < .05). A higher TAR was associated with a lower performance in TMT‐B and DSP‐backward (P < .05). By contrast, a higher TIR was associated with better function in TMT‐B and DSP‐backward (P < .05). Furthermore, CV and TBR were not associated with any cognitive function.ConclusionHyperglycaemia metrics and TIR derived from CGM are associated with cognitive functions, especially with executive function and working memory, in older adults with T2D.
External validation and extension of the TIMI risk score for heart failure in diabetes for patients with recent acute coronary syndrome: An analysis of the EXAMINE trial
Authors: Razaghizad Amir , Sharma Abhinav , Ni Jiayi , Ferreira João Pedro , White William B. , Mehta Cyrus R. , Bakris George L. , Zannad Faiez 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimsThe Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Risk Score for Heart Failure (HF) in Diabetes (TRS‐HFDM) prognosticates HF hospitalization in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to externally validate and extend its use for those with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Materials and MethodsThe TRS‐HFDM was externally validated in the Examination of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Alogliptin versus Standard of Care (EXAMINE) trial (n = 5380) and extended with natriuretic biomarkers. Missing data were multiply imputed. Initial TRS‐HFDM variables were previous HF (2 points), atrial fibrillation (1 point), coronary artery disease (1 point), estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (1 point), and urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio 30‐300 mg/g (1 point) and >300 mg/g (2 points).ResultsIn total, HF hospitalization occurred in 193 (3.6%) patients. Based on the TRS‐HFDM, 25% of patients were classified as intermediate risk (1 point), 30% were classified as high risk (2 points), 19% were classified as very‐high risk (3 points) and 26% were classified as severe risk (≥4 points). Before model extension, discrimination (C‐index 0.76, 95%·CI 0.73‐0.80) and calibration (calibration slope 0.82, 95%·CI 0.65‐1.0; calibration‐in‐the‐large −0.15, 95%·CI −0.37‐0.64) were moderate‐to‐good in individuals with T2D and recent ACS. The extension of TRS‐HFDM with the addition of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐ProBNP) improved discrimination (C‐index 0.82, 95%·CI 0.79‐0.85) and calibration (calibration slope 0.84, 95%·CI 0.66‐1.02; calibration‐in‐the‐large −0.12, 95%·CI −0.33‐0.081) for this higher‐risk population.ConclusionThe TRS‐HFDM with the extension of NT‐ProBNP improves risk stratification and generalizes the use of the risk score for patients with T2D and ACS. Future validation studies in ACS populations may be warranted.
Development of Artificial Intelligence‐based chatbot for smart aquafarm practices
Authors: Jasmin Ayesha , Ramesh Pradeep , Tanveer Mohammad 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis study includes the development of a farm advisory framework known as the “AquaProFAN framework,” which is concerned with the study of various requirements by the aquafarmers and stakeholder community in fisheries. AquaProFAN (Aqua Professional Farm Advisory Network) advisory committee provided careful consideration to the aquafarmers' inquiries and proper clarification with many innovative ideas, and the feasibility study on chatbot implementation was also performed. The end product, called AquaGent, is an AI‐based chatbot designed for shrimp aquafarmers and support services. It was developed and deployed in social media platforms like Facebook Messenger and Telegram for research and dissemination purposes. The effectiveness of the chatbot was analysed and the findings indicated that: (i) informational requests are more satisfactory than emotional requests, (ii) the performance of chatbot is comparatively better than other software applications concerning informational requests, (iii) participants perceive ‘AquaGent’ chatbot to be more user friendly and time saving. It can be concluded that the implementation of this state‐of‐art technology in aquaculture sector will improve stakeholders' understanding for future efficient and profitable production.
Influence of dry‐ and wet‐milled LLZTO particles on the sintered pellets
Authors: Zheng Hongpeng , Li Guoyao , Liu Hezhou , Wu Yongmin , Duan Huanan 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA Ta‐doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZTO) solid electrolyte is a promising candidate for all‐solid‐state lithium battery due to its high ionic conductivity and stability against lithium metal. In this work, physicochemical properties of both dry‐ and wet‐milled LLZTO particles were investigated. Based on X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform–infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy results, it was confirmed that highly reactive LLZTO powder prepared in dry milling conditions exhibited faster size reduction, rougher surface morphology, fewer surface impurities, and less agglomerated particles, in contrast to those in wet milling conditions. Sintering these dry‐milled powders at 1320°C for 10 min in the air via solid‐state reaction produced dense ceramic pellets with a relative density of 97.4%. The room‐temperature ionic conductivity for LLZTO pellet via the dry milling was determined to be 6.94 × 10−4 S cm−1. Li–sulfur batteries based on the pellets showed an initial discharge capacity of 1301 mA h g−1 and a coulombic efficiency of 99.82% when cycled at room temperature. The effect of the milled powder on the sintered pellets was discussed in terms of boundary mobility, pore mobility, and morphology.
On the relationship between species diversity and range size
Authors: Guo Qinfeng , Qian Hong , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAimWhat factors may affect species range sizes remains a central question in ecology and biogeography. Particularly, whether and how species richness may regulate average species range size remains largely elusive. Here, we explore the relationship between species diversity and species range size at a global extent and discuss its implications and significance for ecology and management.LocationWorldwide.TaxonPlants and various groups of animals.MethodsWe used published data on plant richness and range size from around the world and synthesized related literature to assess the richness–range size relationships. We used paired t‐tests and spatial autoregressive models in data analyses. We conducted a series of partial regressions to partition the variation in species ranges explained by paired independent variables (i.e. species richness versus latitude, species richness versus temperature or species richness versus temperature variability).ResultsA negative relationship between species diversity (richness) and species range size is nearly ubiquitous. In most cases, species diversity was a better predictor for species range size than latitude, temperature or temperature variability.Main conclusionsThe diversity predictor works well for different taxonomic groups, regions, continents, and for both terrestrial and marine biomes. High species diversity could imply stronger species interactions such as competition which limit the range sizes of constituent species. A nearly universal negative richness–range size relationship thus has significant implications for species invasion biology and conservation.