bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology of inner cell mass: a better predictive biomarker of blastocyst viability
Authors: Sivanantham Sargunadevi , Saravanan Mahalakshmi , Sharma Nidhi , Shrinivasan Jayashree , Raja Ramesh 
Published: August 2022

Background
Transfer of embryos at the blastocyst stage is one of the best approaches for achieving a higher success rate in In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment as it demonstrates an improved uterine and embryonic synchrony at implantation. Despite novel biochemical and genetic markers proposed for the prediction of embryo viability in recent years, the conventional morphological grading of blastocysts remains the classical way of selection in routine practice. This study aims to investigate the association between the morphological features of blastocysts and pregnancy outcomes.

Methods
This prospective study included women undergoing single or double frozen blastocyst transfers following their autologous cycles in a period between October 2020 and September 2021. The morphological grades (A—good, B—average, and C—poor) of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) of blastocysts with known implantation were compared to assess their predictive potential of pregnancy outcome. It was further explored by measuring the relationship between the two variables using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results
A total of 1,972 women underwent frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles with a total of 3,786 blastocysts. Known implantation data (KID) from 2,060 blastocysts of 1,153 patients were subjected to statistical analysis, the rest were excluded. Implantation rates (IR) from transfer of ICM/TE grades AA, AB, BA, BB were observed as 48.5%, 39.4%, 23.4% and 25% respectively. There was a significantly higher IR observed in blastocysts with ICM grade A (p < 0.001) than those with B irrespective of their TE scores. The analysis of the interaction between the two characteristics confirmed the superiority of ICM over TE as a predictor of the outcome. The rank biserial correlation value for ICM was also greater compared to that of TE (0.11 vs 0.05).

Conclusion
This study confirms that the morphology of ICM of the blastocyst is a stronger predictor of implantation and clinical pregnancy than that of TE and can be utilized as a biomarker of viability.
Role and Level of Engagement of Peer Researchers in Systematic Reviews: A Review Article
Authors: Arteaga Mariangela Castro , Workentin Mike , Abeshu Gemechu , Anene Ify , Alamgir Akm 
Published: August 2022

Aims: This article aims at examining the role of peer researchers in systematic reviews of sensitive topics. While there are articles on the participation of peer researchers in primary research, there are very few studies on their role in systematic reviews. This project asks three research questions: What role do refugee/immigrant peers play in the systematic literature reviews of collaborative research models? What are the effective models used for engaging peer researchers in conducting systematic reviews of literature? In what ways are peer researchers being used in systematic reviews?.
Study Design and Methodology: this is a review article. Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were consulted to understand the extent, knowledge gap, and scope of this systematic literature review. The team developed Boolean operators with four keywords: (i) systematic review, (ii) role or contribution or participation or engagement, (iii) peer research or collaborative research, and (iv) participatory research. In total, 270 articles were found, from which 99 were duplicates, 164 articles were removed after checking their title and abstract, and seven articles were selected for full article review.
Results: All seven articles were systematic reviews focusing on the involvement of peer researchers in the healthcare field and described succinctly the role of peer researchers in conducting systematic reviews. Of them, two articles described peers’ involvement during the systematic review's design, methodology, and analysis activities; however, the involvement of immigrants/refugees as peer researchers in systematic reviews was not available despite repeated intentional searches. There is no mention of engaging any refugee peers in research on refugee interest.
Conclusion: Some studies show the benefits of involving peer researchers in a collaborative design. However, there is a scope for generating more evidence regarding the roles of refugee/immigrant peer-researchers in systematic reviews. From our practice, we recommend engaging at least two peers or 20% of the members of the research team for all levels of the research activity. The peer(s) need to have lived experience of the research of interest.
State of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in N'Djamena, Chad
Authors: Himeda Makhlouf , Bechir Mahamat , Aboubakar . , Abakoura Barka , Tidjani Abdelsalam , Hamadou Mamoudou 
Published: August 2022

Food plays a significant role in health. Fruits and vegetables are an important component of a healthy diet and, when consumed daily in sufficient quantities, they could help to prevent major conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. The objective of the study is to assess the state of consumption of fruits and vegetables by the population of the city of N'Djamena. Through a descriptive cross-sectional analysis, this study will provide information on fruit and vegetable consumption of 440 households in the 10 districts in the city of N'Djamena in Chad from February 20 to June 20, 2015. The study described the hygiene conditions of fruits and vegetables, the timing of fruit consumption and the portions of fruits and vegetables consumed per day in N'Djamena. The results show that 60% of those surveyed are male and 40% female. The age group (25-40 years) represents 79.31% of the respondents, followed by the group (41-55 years) with 17.93% and 2.75% for the age group between 56 and 75 years. As for the socio-professional category, the results reveal that 31.72% of those surveyed are civil servants. The results show that households whose size varies between 0 and 5 people represent 45.51% against 31.03% for households whose size varies from 6 to 10 people. It should be noted that 11.03% of households spend a daily food ration less than or equal to 1,5 $, 24.13% of households spend between 1,5 to 3 $ per day for their daily food ration and 28.27% of households use a sum ranging from 3 to 4,5 $. The majority of respondents (93.79%) do not respect hygienic practice while 20% of respondents consume one serving of fruits and vegetables per day (per person) and 39.31% consume two portions. The impact of socio-economic difficulties on fruit and vegetable consumption is confirmed. The high household size and low daily expenses for food does not allow them to consume the 5 recommended portions. This insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables is part of a context of galloping urbanization and rising food prices. One prospect raised is to consider further surveys in population subgroups accompanied by nutrition education in order to improve the consumption of this food group.
Biochemical Characterization and Molecular Identification of Escherichia coli Isolate from Abattoir Wastes and Its Susceptibility to Ethanolic Root Extract of Azadirachta indica (neem)
Authors: Momoh Johnson Oshiobugie , Olaleye Oluremi Nurudeen 
Published: August 2022

Aim: The study evaluates the molecular identification of Escherichia coli isolate from abattoir wastes and its susceptibility to ethanolic root extract of Azadirachta indica (neem).
Methodology: The isolation, cultural characterization and identification of Escherichia coli isolate using biochemical methods and molecular identification (polymerase chain reaction) were carried out using standard methods. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic root extract of Azadirachta indica (neem) were determined using standard methods. Antibacterial activities were determined by disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using standard procedures.
Results: The result of the phytochemical screening shows that the plant contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carbohydrate, alkaloids, saponins, tannin and cardiac glycosides. forty compounds were identified in the root of A. indica using GC-MS analysis with 9-Octadecenoic acid, (E)- being the most abundant with peak area of 28.13% and retention time of 22.044. The organism was confirmed to be Escherichia coli using polymerase chain reaction with specific primer pairs and later resolved in an agarose gel electrophoresis for 16S rRNA gene with band size of 253 base pair. The organism was susceptible to gentamycin, amoxicillin, pefloxacin, sparfloxacin and resistant to tarivid with weak response. The study shows that ethanolic root extract of A. indica exhibited strong response antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli with zone of inhibition of 19.48±0.23 and 21.36±0.54 at concentration of 250 and 500 mg/dl respectively. At 100 mg/ml, the extract showed little or no response with zone of inhibition of 9.33±0.33. Azithromycin solution at 12.50 and 25.00 mg/ml showed strong response and potent response against E. coli with zone of inhibition of 23.37±0.48 and 37.34±0.65 respectively. At 5.00 mg/ml, azithromycin antibiotic exhibited weak response against E. coli with zone of inhibition of 15.37 ± 0.33. The ethanolic root extract of A. indica and azithromycin solution have MIC and MBC values of 31.25, 15.63, 62.50 and 31.25 mg/ml respectively against E. coli. The ethanolic root extract of A. indica was bactericidal with MBC/MIC ratio of 2.00. The plant has antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and may prevent pathogenic diseases caused by the organism.
Conclusions: The root of Azadirachta indica (neem) contains phytochemicals, possesses antibacterial activity and may prevent pathogenic diseases caused by Escherichia coli.
Serum Calcium Channel Alpha2 Delta1 α2δ1 Subunit as a Diagnostic and a Predictive Marker of Therapeutic Ablation Outcome for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhotic Hepatitis C Patients
Authors: Ferra Ayat Ismail , El-Kassas Galal El-Din Moustafa , Hazzaa Sahar Mohey El-Din , Rabea Mohammed Yousef 
Published: August 2022

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the 7th common cancer worldwide. Its diagnosis depends mainly on abdominal ultrasound and serum alpha-fetoprotein. The alpha2 delta1 (α2δ1) subunit is excessively presented in Tumor Initiating Cells (TICs) of HCC, and is mandatory in calcium transport, which is important to maintain TICs properties. The aim was to assess serum α2δ1 subunit as a diagnostic marker and for follow up of hepatocellular carcinoma patients after ablation in comparison to alpha-fetoprotein.
Methods: This study was performed on 60 subjects. They were divided into three groups; Group I: included 20 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, Group II: included 20 patients without hepatocellular carcinoma, and Group III: included 20 healthy individuals as control ones. Serum α2δ1 subunit was measured in all subjects and followed up in group I 3 months after ablation.
Results: Serum α2δ1 subunit was significantly higher in group I than either group II or group III with a cut off value >100 ng/mL (sensitivity 80%, specificity 100%), and was decreasing after ablation in well ablated cases in the period of follow up.
Conclusion: α2δ1 subunit is a useful marker in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, also in follow up after ablation.
Geographic and Racial Disparities in Access to Chimeric Antigen Receptor–T Cells and Bispecific Antibodies Trials for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Alqazaqi Raghad , Schinke Carolina , Thanendrarajan Sharmilan , Zangari Maurizio , Shaughnessy John , Zhan Fenghuang , Tricot Guido , van Rhee Frits , Al Hadidi Samer 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceThe use of chimeric antigen receptor–T cell (CAR-T) therapy and bispecific antibodies in multiple myeloma is expanding, with encouraging early results. It is unknown if the current geographic distribution of CAR-T therapy and bispecific antibodies in multiple myeloma allows access for patients in need, especially for Black populations, which have a higher incidence of multiple myeloma.ObjectiveTo investigate if the current geographic distribution of CAR-T cell therapy and bispecific antibodies for multiple myeloma allows equitable access for Black patients with multiple myeloma.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study of data from CAR-T therapy and bispecific antibodies multiple myeloma clinical trials for all available studies listed in ClinicalTrials.gov until January 31, 2022. Only studies with 1 or more open sites in the US were analyzed. Data were analyzed February 2022.ResultsA total of 162 clinical trials were found, and 69 analyzed—7896 participants were either enrolled or expected to enroll, with 4386 participants (55.5%) enrolled or to be enrolled in CAR-T therapies clinical trials. The vast majority of clinical trials (66 [96%]) were sponsored by industry, and there were 140 clinical trials sites. The mean number of sites per trial was 8.1 (7.8 for CAR-T trials [range, 1-30 trials] vs 8.7 for bispecific antibodies [range, 1-26 trials]). Only 35.9% of Black patients lived in a county with an open trial. For the 10 states with the highest proportion of Black residents (ranging from 18.6% to 41.4%), 6 of those states (60%) had no (3 states) or less than 3 clinical trial openings (3 states) for either a CAR-T or bispecific antibody study.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, we found that the geographic distribution of clinical trials for CAR-T and bispecific antibodies may contribute to disparities in access to the most advanced clinical trials for new multiple myeloma therapies. Since most of the ongoing trials were sponsored by industry, regulating the distribution of clinical trial sites may reduce these inequities.
Use of a Digital Assistant to Report COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Self-test Results to Health Departments in 6 US Communities
Authors: Herbert Carly , Shi Qiming , Kheterpal Vik , Nowak Chris , Suvarna Thejas , Durnan Basyl , Schrader Summer , Behar Stephanie , Naeem Syed , Tarrant Seanan , Kalibala Ben , Singh Aditi , Gerber Ben , Barton Bruce , Lin Honghuang , Cohen-Wolkowiez Michael , Corbie-Smith Giselle , Kibbe Warren , Marquez Juan , Baek Jonggyu , Hafer Nathaniel , Gibson Laura , O’Connor Laurel , Broach John , Heetderks William , McManus David , Soni Apurv 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceWidespread distribution of rapid antigen tests is integral to the US strategy to address COVID-19; however, it is estimated that few rapid antigen test results are reported to local departments of health.ObjectiveTo characterize how often individuals in 6 communities throughout the United States used a digital assistant to log rapid antigen test results and report them to their local departments of health.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study is based on anonymously collected data from the beneficiaries of the Say Yes! Covid Test program, which distributed more than 3 000 000 rapid antigen tests at no cost to residents of 6 communities (Louisville, Kentucky; Indianapolis, Indiana; Fulton County, Georgia; O’ahu, Hawaii; Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti, Michigan; and Chattanooga, Tennessee) between April and October 2021. A descriptive evaluation of beneficiary use of a digital assistant for logging and reporting their rapid antigen test results was performed.InterventionsWidespread community distribution of rapid antigen tests.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNumber and proportion of tests logged and reported to the local department of health through the digital assistant.ResultsA total of 313 000 test kits were distributed, including 178 785 test kits that were ordered using the digital assistant. Among all distributed kits, 14 398 households (4.6%) used the digital assistant, but beneficiaries reported three-quarters of their rapid antigen test results to their state public health departments (30 965 tests reported of 41 465 total test results [75.0%]). The reporting behavior varied by community and was significantly higher among communities that were incentivized for reporting test results vs those that were not incentivized or partially incentivized (90.5% [95% CI, 89.9%-91.2%] vs 70.5%; [95% CI, 70.0%-71.0%]). In all communities, positive tests were less frequently reported than negative tests (60.4% [95% CI, 58.1%-62.8%] vs 75.5% [95% CI, 75.1%-76.0%]).Conclusions and RelevanceThese results suggest that application-based reporting with incentives may be associated with increased reporting of rapid tests for COVID-19. However, increasing the adoption of the digital assistant may be a critical first step.
Association of COVID-19 Infection With Wearing Glasses in a High-Prevalence Area in Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Gregersen Rasmus , Jacobsen Rikke Kart , Laursen Jannie , Mobech Regine , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Iversen Kasper , Petersen Janne 
Published: August 2022

ImportanceObservational studies have indicated that glasses might protect against contracting COVID-19 through reduced airborne and contact transmission.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between wearing one’s own glasses with contracting COVID-19 when adjusting for relevant confounders.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was conducted during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (June to August 2020) in Denmark and Sweden, where personal protective equipment was not recommended for the general population at the time. Employees at Falck, an international rescue corps with different job functions (ambulance, health care, office, and field staff, firefighters, and roadside assistance) participated in the study.ExposuresThe main exposure was wearing glasses (also including contact lenses and reading glasses), which was assessed in a questionnaire. Persons wearing glasses were compared with those who did not wear glasses (ie, nonusers). To adjust for potential confounders, information on age, sex, job function, and number of workday contacts were included.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome was COVID-19 infection before (positive polymerase chain reaction test) or during the study period (biweekly voluntary tests with a rapid test). The investigated hypothesis was formulated after collecting the data.ResultsA total of 1279 employees in Denmark and 841 in Sweden were included (839 [39.6%] female and 1281 [60.4%] male; 20.5% were aged &amp;lt;40 years; 57.0%, 40-60 years, and 22.5%, &amp;gt;60 years). Of these, 829 individuals (64.8%) in Denmark and 619 (73.6%) in Sweden wore glasses. Wearing glasses was inversely associated with COVID-19 infection in the Swedish cohort (odds ratio [OR], 0.61 [95% CI, 0.37-0.99]; P = .047; seroprevalence, 9.3%) but not in the Danish cohort (OR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.53-2.45]; P = .73; seroprevalence, 2.4%). Adjusting for age, sex, job function, and number of workday contacts in Sweden, wearing glasses no longer was associated with COVID-19 infection (OR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.37-1.11]; P = .11). When stratifying by job function, a large difference was observed among office staff (OR, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.06-0.70]; P = .01) but not ambulance staff (OR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.41-1.67]; P = .60) nor health care staff (OR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.35-2.30]; P = .81).Conclusions and RelevanceWhile wearing one’s glasses was inversely associated with COVID-19 in Sweden in an unadjusted analysis, an association no longer was identified when adjusting for confounders. These results provide inconclusive findings regarding whether wearing one’s own glasses is associated with a decreased risk of COVID-19 infections.
Ultra‐Tough Room‐Temperature Dielectric Switching Ionic Gels with Long‐Cycle Stability
Authors: Gong Yutie , Li Zhenzhen , Li Hairong , Wu Wenqi , Zhou Weijie , Zhao Jiayu , He Chengen , Jiang Ming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAs a favorable candidate for the next‐generation smart electronic devices, thermo‐responsive dielectric materials are faced with two crucial challenges: insufficient mechanical toughness and lack of the combination of promising dielectric switching properties, desired mechanical properties, and long‐cycle stability. Herein, a new scalable strategy is proposed for designing thermo‐responsive dielectric switching materials that simultaneously integrate the individual features, such as promising dielectric switching properties, outstanding mechanical properties, and great cycle stability, into one gel, based on a new dual dielectric switching mechanism induced by interfacial structure evolution. The ionic gel can readily achieve a superb combination of distinct reversible dielectric bistability, a high dielectric switching ratio above 150, a ≈15 °C wide thermal hysteresis loop, and tunable room‐temperature dielectric transition behavior, impressive high ductility, desirable high mechanical strength, record‐high stability of at least 1000 cycles. Such an all‐in‐one design enhances the adaptability to multiple application scenarios, durability, and a lifetime of the dielectric switching gels. Together with the facile fabrication process and recyclable thermoplastic system, thereby contributing to cost and energy saving, this research provides a feasible and sustainable strategy for constructing highly desirable thermo‐responsive dielectric switching materials.
Template‐Free Scalable Fabrication of Linearly Periodic Microstructures by Controlling Ribbing Defects Phenomenon in Forward Roll Coating for Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Islam Md Didarul , Perera Himendra , Black Benjamin , Phillips Matthew , Chen Muh‐Jang , Hodges Greyson , Jackman Allyce , Liu Yuxuan , Kim Chang‐Jin , Zikry Mohammed , Khan Saad , Zhu Yong , Pankow Mark , Ryu Jong Eun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPeriodic micro/nanoscale structures from nature have inspired the scientific community to adopt surface design for various applications, including superhydrophobic drag reduction. One primary concern of practical applications of such periodic microstructures remains the scalability of conventional microfabrication technologies. This study demonstrates a simple template‐free scalable manufacturing technique to fabricate periodic microstructures by controlling the ribbing defects in the forward roll coating. Viscoelastic composite coating materials are designed for roll‐coating using carbon nanotubes (CNT) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which helps achieve a controllable ribbing with a periodicity of 114–700 µm. Depending on the process parameters, the patterned microstructures transition from the linear alignment to a random structure. The periodic microstructure enables hydrophobicity as the water contact angles of the samples ranged from 128° to 158°. When towed in a static water pool, a model boat coated with the microstructure film shows 7%–8% faster speed than the boat with a flat PDMS film. The CNT addition shows both mechanical and electrical properties improvement. In a mechanical scratch test, the cohesive failure of the CNT‐PDMS film occurs in ≈90% higher force than bare PDMS. Moreover, the nonconductive bare PDMS shows sheet resistance of 747.84–22.66 Ω □−1 with 0.5 to 2.5 wt% CNT inclusion.