bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between diabetes and adjuvant chemotherapy implementation in patients with stage III colorectal cancer
Authors: Kanehara Rieko , Goto Atsushi , Watanabe Tomone , Inoue Kosuke , Taguri Masataka , Kobayashi Satoshi , Imai Kenjiro , Saito Eiko , Katanoda Kota , Iwasaki Motoki , Ohashi Ken , Noda Mitsuhiko , Higashi Takahiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionAmong colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, pre‐existing diabetes is suggested to influence poor prognosis, but the impact on adjuvant chemotherapy implementation is largely unknown. We aimed to compare the implementation rate of adjuvant chemotherapy between CRC patients with and without pre‐existing diabetes in a retrospective cohort study.Materials and MethodsColorectal cancer diagnosis information was obtained from the hospital‐based cancer registry of patients with stage III CRC who underwent curative surgery in 2013 in Japan (n = 6,344). Health claims data were used to identify diabetes and chemotherapy. We examined the association between diabetes and the implementation rate of adjuvant chemotherapy using a generalized linear model adjusted for age, sex, updated Charlson Comorbidity Index, hospital type and prefecture. Furthermore, we applied a mediation analysis to examine the extent to which postoperative complications mediated the association.ResultsOf the 6,344 patients, 1,266 (20.0%) had diabetes. The mean ages were 68.2 and 71.3 years for patients without and with diabetes, respectively. Compared with those without diabetes, patients with diabetes were less likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (crude rate 58.9 and 49.8%; adjusted percentage point difference 4.6; 95% confidence interval 1.7–7.5). The difference was evident for patients aged <80 years, and larger for platinum‐containing regimens than others. Mediation analysis showed that postoperative complications explained 9.1% of the inverse association between diabetes and adjuvant chemotherapy implementation.ConclusionsWe observed that patients with stage III CRC and diabetes are less likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy than those without diabetes, and postoperative complications might partially account for the association.
The preimplantation genetic testing clinical outcomes of biopsy on vitrification‐warming embryos: A retrospective study
Authors: Ding Min , Diao Zhenyu , Zhou Jianjun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to assess whether PGT conducted with previously untested vitrified embryos affect the clinical outcomes.MethodsA total of 49 patients who underwent biopsy on vitrification‐warming embryos for PGT were enrolled from January 2016 to January 2019. The cleavage‐stage embryos were thawed and cultured into the blastocyst stage for biopsy. During this period, 195 patients underwent routine PGT and FET, whose embryos were biopsied before frozen were used as the control group. The clinical outcomes were further compared between the two groups after a 1:2 PSM.ResultsThere were 47 transferable blastocysts in 30 patients, while 19 patients without transferable embryos, who performed biopsy on vitrification‐warming embryos for PGT. During this study period, 27 patients have already underwent FET with the clinical pregnancy rate was 66.7% (18/27). After 1:2 PSM, 24 patients in the biopsy on vitrification‐warming embryo group and 48 patients in the control group were compared, the clinical pregnancy rate (68.8% vs. 70.8%, p = 0.86), miscarriage rate (18.2% vs. 11.8%, p = 0.86), or live birth rate (52.1% vs. 62.5%, p = 0.40) had no significant difference. And the transferable blastocyst rate or the clinical pregnancy rate in the vitrification‐warming cleavage‐stage embryo group was not significantly different from those in the vitrification‐warming blastocyst group. In addition, the PGT clinical outcomes of biopsy on vitrification‐warming embryos had no significant difference between IVF‐fertilized embryos and ICSI‐fertilized embryos.ConclusionBiopsy on the vitrification‐warming embryos with a dual vitrified cryopreservation does not affect the embryo quality or the PGT clinical outcomes.
Lessons from 20 years with COX‐2 inhibitors: Importance of dose–response considerations and fair play in comparative trials
Authors: Stiller Carl‐Olav , Hjemdahl Paul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which forms prostaglandins involved in pain and inflammation. COX inhibitors have analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects, but also increase risks for gastrointestinal ulcers, bleeding, and renal and cardiovascular adverse events. Identification of two isoforms of COX, COX‐1 and COX‐2, led to the development of selective COX‐2 inhibitors, which were launched as having fewer gastrointestinal side effects since gastroprotective prostaglandins produced via COX‐1 are spared. The balance between COX‐1 mediated prothrombotic thromboxane and COX‐2 mediated antithrombotic prostacyclin is important for thrombotic risk. An increased risk of suffering myocardial infarction and death with COX‐2 inhibitor treatment is well established from clinical trials and observational research. Rofecoxib (Vioxx) was withdrawn from the market for this reason, but the equally COX‐2 selective etoricoxib has replaced it in Europe but not in the United States. The “traditional” NSAID diclofenac is as COX‐2 selective as celecoxib and increases cardiovascular risk dose dependently. COX inhibitor dosages should be lower in osteoarthritis than in rheumatoid arthritis. Randomized trials comparing COX‐2 inhibitors with NSAIDs have exaggerated their gastrointestinal benefits by using maximal NSAID doses regardless of indication, and/or hidden the cardiovascular risk by comparing with COX‐2 selective diclofenac instead of low‐dose ibuprofen or naproxen. Observational studies show increased cardiovascular risks within weeks of treatment with COX‐2 inhibitors and high doses of NSAIDs other than naproxen, which is the safest alternative. COX inhibitors are symptomatic drugs that should be used intermittently at the lowest effective dosage, especially among individuals with an increased cardiovascular risk.
Using vibrational molecular spectroscopy to reveal carbohydrate molecular structure properties of faba bean partitions and faba bean silage before and after rumen incubation in relation to nutrient availability and supply to dairy cattle
Authors: Yan Ming , Deng Ganqi , Yu Peiqiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractTo our knowledge, there is limited study on the relationship between the molecular structure of feed and nutrient availability in the ruminant system. The objective of this study is to use advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy (attenuated total reflection [ATR]–Fourier transform infrared [FT/IR]) to reveal carbohydrate molecular structure properties of faba bean partitions (stem, leaf, whole pods [WP], and whole plant) and faba bean silage before and after rumen incubation in relation to nutrient availability and supply to dairy cattle. The study included the correlation between carbohydrate‐related spectral profiles and chemical profiles, feed energy values, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System carbohydrate fractions, and rumen degradation parameters of faba bean samples (whole crop, stem, leaf, WP, and silage) before and after rumen incubation. FTIR spectra of faba bean sample before and after 12 and 24 h rumen incubations were collected with JASCO FT/IR‐4200 with ATR at mid‐IR range (ca. 4000–700 cm−1) with 128 scans and at 4 cm−1 resolution. The univariate molecular spectral analysis was carried out using OMNIC software. The results show that ATR–FT/IR spectroscopic technique could detect the change of microbial digestion to carbohydrate‐related molecular structure. The spectral parameters of feed rumen incubation residues had a stronger correlation with less degradable carbohydrate fractions (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose) while spectral profiles of original faba samples had a stronger correlation with easily degradable carbohydrate fractions (starch). In conclusion, rumen degradation of carbohydrate contents can be reflected in the change of its molecular spectral profiles. The study shows that vibrational molecular spectroscopy (ATR–FT/IR) shows high potential as a fast analytical tool to evaluate and predict nutrient supply in the ruminant system.
In vitro and in vivo detection of microbial gene expression in bioactivated scaffolds seeded with cyanobacteria
Authors: Leibrock L.B. , Hofmann D.M. , Fuchs B. , Birt A. , Reinholz M. , Guertler A. , Frank K. , Giunta R.E. , Egaña J.T. , Nickelsen J. , Schenck T.L. , Moellhoff N. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Dermal replacement materials bioactivated with cyanobacteria have shown promising potential for wound regeneration. To date, extraction of cyanobacteria RNA from seeded scaffolds has not been described. The aim of this study was to develop a method to isolate total RNA from bioactivated scaffolds and to propose a new approach in determining living bacteria based on real-time PCR. Transgenic Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (tSyn7002) were seeded in liquid cultures or scaffolds for dermal regeneration in vitro and in vivo for 7 days. RNA was extracted with a 260/280 ratio of ≥2. The small subunit of the 30S ribosome in prokaryotes (16S) and RNAse P protein (rnpA) were validated as reference transcripts for PCR analysis. Gene expression patterns differed in vitro and in vivo. Expression of 16S was significantly upregulated in scaffolds in vitro, as compared to liquid cultures, whilst rnpA expression was comparable. In vivo, both 16S and rnpA showed reduced expression compared to in vitro (16S: in vivo Ct value 13.21 ± 0.32, in vitro 12.44 ± 0.42; rnpA in vivo Ct value 19.87 ± 0.41, in vitro 17.75 ± 1.41). Overall, the results demonstrate rnpA and 16S expression after 7 days of implantation in vitro and in vivo, proving the presence of living bacteria embedded in scaffolds using qPCR.
The focal concerns of jurors evaluating mitigation: Evidence from federal capital jury forms
Authors: Rose Mary R. , Rountree Meredith Martin 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMitigating evidence in capital trials provides reasons for a life, rather than death, sentence. Research suggests that mitigation challenges jurors. We contribute to this area by analyzing federal verdict forms in capital cases, which allow jurors to write in their own mitigating factors, providing a direct, rare window onto their mitigation considerations. We use 205 forms from 171 juries to examine the frequency and content of these “write-ins,” using a sentencing theory typically applied to judges, Focal Concerns Theory. We find that four of every 10 juries prompted to offer their own mitigation do so, producing 149 unique write-ins, the majority of which introduces mitigation topics that differ from those listed on the verdict form. Surprisingly, jurors are less likely to offer write-in mitigators in cases involving White defendants than others, even after controlling for support for other mitigating factors and for aggravating factors, which also predict write-ins. Jurors' write-ins reflect a traditional sentencing concern for blameworthiness, and consistent with Focal Concerns Theory, attention to the practical consequences of punishment. Jurors also offered concerns we term “procedural fairness.” Results indicate that juries' views are patterned in ways that are similar, but not identical, to judges' sentencing concerns.
Relief or removal: State logics of deservingness and masculinity for immigrant men in removal proceedings
Authors: Farrell-Bryan Dylan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an unprecedented rise in the number of immigrants facing removal from the United States, many of whom make a case for their right to be granted relief from removal and stay in the country. While immigrant men of color are disproportionately represented in both removal proceedings and contemporary sociopolitical constructions of immigrant criminalization, existing literature has largely overlooked the state's cultural logics involved in decision-making about immigrant relief or removal. Drawing on theories of racialized masculinity and state gendering, I analyze how judges in immigration court utilize a politicized discourse of masculinity to justify legalization for immigrant men through their relational ties to US citizens. Using ethnographic observations of hearings for the Cancellation of Removal and the judicial decisions that support immigrant removal or relief, I develop a conceptual framework of “relational masculinity,” in which judges evaluate men as emotionally involved parents and partners in traditional family arrangements, raising culturally integrated Americans, and as economic providers of upward social mobility, to determine their deservingness for relief. These findings suggest that, alongside widespread gendered and racialized criminalization, the state also engages in an evaluation process to assess the masculinity of immigrant men who may be formally admitted into the United States. I argue that adherence to these gendered and racialized norms plays a key role in determining migrants' deservingness and membership, with important implications for how the state actively manages immigrant masculinity and bolsters caregiving support for US citizens, alongside heightened criminalization.
Race, gender, and place: How judicial identity and local context shape anti-discrimination decisions
Authors: Kleps Christopher 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile federal anti-employment discrimination laws have helped diminish inequality at work, discrimination persists, in part perhaps due to unequal handling of equal employment lawsuits. Prior research demonstrates that the definition of discrimination can vary based on local normative ideas, while another line shows that a judge's race or gender can shape how related lawsuits are handled. In this article, I draw on a set of EEOC workplace discrimination cases prosecuted in Federal Court and combine it with locality data, to analyze: (1) the impact of local context, specifically rurality, local political context, and southerness and; (2) how judges' race and gender interact with the local cultural-milieu. Findings reveal that plaintiffs of colour in race discrimination cases fair worse in rural courts or before white judges. Meanwhile, white judges in conservative areas are more defendant friendly than those outside the in more liberal areas. Black judges, in comparison, are more plaintiff friendly in conservative areas when compared to black judges in more liberal areas. While female judges are generally more plaintiff friendly than male judges in sex cases, location has no discernible effect.
Structural insights into the assembly and the function of the plant oxidative phosphorylation system
Authors: Meyer Etienne H. , Letts James A. , Maldonado Maria 
Published: May 2022

SummaryOne of the key functions of mitochondria is the production of ATP to support cellular metabolism and growth. The last step of mitochondrial ATP synthesis is performed by the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, an ensemble of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In the last 25 yr, many structures of OXPHOS complexes and supercomplexes have been resolved in yeast, mammals, and bacteria. However, structures of plant OXPHOS enzymes only became available very recently. In this review, we highlight the plant‐specific features revealed by the recent structures and discuss how they advance our understanding of the function and assembly of plant OXPHOS complexes. We also propose new hypotheses to be tested and discuss older findings to be re‐evaluated. Further biochemical and structural work on the plant OXPHOS system will lead to a deeper understanding of plant respiration and its regulation, with significant agricultural, environmental, and societal implications.
Cultural factors related to childhood and adolescent obesity in Mexico: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Aceves‐Martins Magaly , López‐Cruz Lizet , García‐Botello Marcela , Godina‐Flores Naara L. , Gutierrez‐Gómez Yareni Yunuen , Moreno‐García Carlos Francisco 
Published: May 2022

SummaryCulture and culturally specific beliefs or practices may influence perceptions and decisions, potentially contributing to childhood obesity. The objective of this study is to identify the cultural factors (expressed through decisions, behaviors, individual experiences, perceptions, attitudes, or views) related to childhood and adolescent obesity in Mexico. Ten databases and one search engine were searched from 1995 onwards for qualitative studies. The Sunrise Enabler Model, described within the Cultural Care Theory, guided this review. Sample, the phenomenon of interest, study design, and evaluation data were extracted, and the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Twenty‐four studies were included. Of these, 12 studies included children or adolescents, 12 included parents, eight included schoolteachers, four included school staff (other than teachers), four included food vendors, and one included policymakers. Cultural values, beliefs, lifeways (especially food and food costumes), kinship, and social factors (particularly immediate and extended family) strongly influenced childhood and adolescent obesity‐related lifestyles in Mexico. Most cultural factors related to childhood obesity in Mexico identified in this review may be modifiable and amenable to practical interventions.
Evaluation of implant stability and bone loss using two different early loading protocols: Clinical study
Authors: Alassah Ghina , Darwich Khaldoun , Alkhouli Muaaz , Al‐Nerabieah Zuhair 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAimThe goal of this study was to evaluate how early loading of dental implants, both functional and non‐functional, can affect the stability of the implants, marginal bone resorption after 1 year of follow‐up.Material and MethodsThe research sample consisted of 24 implants placed on patients aged between 21 and 62 years (the mean age 51 years). Implants were placed at one surgical stage in the posterior area of the mandible. Then implants were loaded early after 6 weeks of implantation. The sample was divided randomly into two equal main groups according to loading types, 12 implants in the early functional loading (EFL) group and 12 implants in the early non‐functional loading (ENFL) group. The implant stability quotient was registered using Osstell Mentor at the implant placement procedure and after 6 and 12 weeks. The mean marginal bone loss around the implants was measured using the periapical radiographs after 3 and 12 months. The mean values were calculated and statistically analysed using the two‐sample t‐test with 95%confidenence interval p < 0.05).ResultThe mean values of implant stability quotient (ISQ) were 72.91–73.87–76.75 in the EFL and 71.91–73.91–76.66 in the ENFL, at the implant placement procedure and 6, 12 weeks respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two groups. At the 12‐month post‐loading follow‐up, the mean marginal bone loss was 0.698 for the EFL group and 0.683 for the ENFL group. There was no statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two groups. The implant survival rate was 100% in both groups, and there was no complication during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsThis study showed that there is no difference in the implant stability quotient (ISQ) and bone loss between the early functional loading group and the early non‐functional loading group.
Efficacy and safety of cervicothoracic epidural blood patch for patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Hsu Chieh‐Min , Liu Yu‐Cheng , Chen Ying‐Chu , Fuh Jong‐Ling , Huang Hui‐Chun , Wang Yen‐Feng , Chiang I‐Ying , Wen Yeong‐Ray 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundEpidural blood patch (EBP) is a generally effective treatment for spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) caused by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage through the spinal dura mater. It is still unclear; however, whether application near the leakage site (targeted EBP) is more effective than distal application (untargeted EBP). Further, EBP targeted to high thoracic or cervical spine levels is infrequent due to greater technical requirements and potential complications. Here, we examined the safety and efficacy of EBP applied to high thoracic or cervical spine levels.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical and outcome data of 13 patients receiving cervical or high thoracic EBP for SIH. All patients were referred by neurologists following poor response to conservative treatment and presented with persistent headache aggravated by orthostatic changes.ResultsNeuroimaging confirmed CSF leakage and targeted EBP resulted in immediate pain improvement. Repeated injections provided additional improvement for patients with recurrent headache. No serious adverse events were documented during follow‐up.ConclusionBased on recent studies and our clinical experience, we conclude that EBP targeted to the high thoracic and cervical spine is safe and effective for early‐stage SIH.
Ubiquitin ligase OsRINGzf1 regulates drought resistance by controlling the turnover of OsPIP2;1
Authors: Chen Shoujun , Xu Kai , Kong Deyan , Wu Lunying , Chen Qian , Ma Xiaosong , Ma Siqi , Li Tianfei , Xie Qi , Liu Hongyan , Luo Lijun 
Published: May 2022

SummaryWater is crucial for plant growth and survival. The transcellular water movement is facilitated by aquaporins (AQPs) that rapidly and reversibly modify water permeability. The abundance of AQPs is regulated by its synthesis, redistribution and degradation. However, the molecular mechanism of proteasomal degradation of AQPs remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a novel E3 ligase, OsRINGzf1, mediated the degradation of AQPs in rice. OsRINGzf1 is the candidate gene from a drought‐related quantitative trait locus (QTL) on the long arm of chromosome 4 in rice (Oryza sativa) and encodes a Really Interesting New Gene (RING) zinc finger protein 1. OsRINGzf1 possesses the E3 ligase activity, ubiquitinates and mediates OsPIP2;1 degradation, thus reducing its protein abundance. The content of OsPIP2;1 protein was decreased in OsRINGzf1 overexpression (OE) plants. The degradation of OsPIP2;1 was inhibited by MG132. The OsRINGzf1 OE plants, with higher leaf‐related water content (LRWC) and lower leaf water loss rate (LWLR), exhibited enhanced drought resistance, whereas the RNAi and knockout plants of OsRINGzf1 were more sensitive to drought. Together, our data demonstrate that OsRINGzf1 positively regulates drought resistance through promoting the degradation of OsPIP2;1 to enhance water retention capacity in rice.