bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unified Buffer: Compiling Image Processing and Machine Learning Applications to Push-Memory Accelerators
Authors: Liu Qiaoyi , Setter Jeff , Huff Dillon , Strange Maxwell , Feng Kathleen , Horowitz Mark , Raina Priyanka , Kjolstad Fredrik 
Published: November 2022

Image processing and machine learning applications benefit tremendously from hardware acceleration. Existing compilers target either FPGAs, which sacrifice power and performance for programmability, or ASICs, which become obsolete as applications change. Programmable domain-specific accelerators, such as coarse-grained reconfigurable arrays (CGRAs), have emerged as a promising middle-ground, but they have traditionally been difficult compiler targets since they use a different memory abstraction. In contrast to CPUs and GPUs, the memory hierarchies of domain-specific accelerators use
push memories
: memories that send input data streams to computation kernels or to higher or lower levels in the memory hierarchy and store the resulting output data streams. To address the compilation challenge caused by push memories, we propose that the representation of these memories in the compiler be altered to directly represent them by combining storage with address generation and control logic in a single structure—a unified buffer.

The unified buffer abstraction enables the compiler to separate generic push memory optimizations from the mapping to specific memory implementations in the backend. This separation allows our compiler to map high-level Halide applications to different CGRA memory designs, including some with a ready-valid interface. The separation also opens the opportunity for optimizing push memory elements on reconfigurable arrays. Our optimized memory implementation, the Physical Unified Buffer, uses a wide-fetch, single-port SRAM macro with built-in address generation logic to implement a buffer with two read and two write ports. It is 18% smaller and consumes 31% less energy than a physical buffer implementation using a dual-port memory that only supports two ports.
Finally, our system evaluation shows that enabling a compiler to support CGRAs leads to performance and energy benefits. Over a wide range of image processing and machine learning applications, our CGRA achieves 4.7× better runtime and 3.5× better energy-efficiency compared to an FPGA.
Clinical Presentation as a Predictor of the Response to Methotrexate Therapy in Patients with Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Almutairy Sarah , Aldakhil Lateefa Othman 
Published: November 2022

Purpose. Ectopic pregnancy can be fatal if not diagnosed and timely treated. There is an increase in ectopic pregnancy rate which attributes in part to fertility medications and procedures and early diagnosis. Methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist, is widely used in the medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Many studies examined the safety and success rate of methotrexate looking into factors affecting the success rate, if the patient may present with symptoms such as abdominal pain, and some consider this as impeding rupture and it might affect the success of medical treatment. This study evaluates the success rate of methotrexate treatment outcomes in regard to presentation and looks into other factors that can help choosing a single or multiple dose modality. Methods. This is a retrospective review of 154 cases of ectopic pregnancy treated with methotrexate from January 2011 to December 2020 at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH). Demographic data, clinical presentation, treatment progress, and outcome and failure rate were collected and analyzed. Student’s

t

-test was used for statistical analysis of associations in SPSS. Results. 154 patients were treated with MTX; of those patients, 25 received more than one dose. The difference between the responses to MTX treatment in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals was not significant (

p
=
0.267

). 131 (85%) had successful treatment. There were no associations between patient BMI, ectopic mass size, or ectopic mass site, the presence or absence of pelvic fluid on ultrasound at diagnosis, and the treatment success rate. There was a significant decline in the treatment success rate with increasing β-hCG levels on the presentation day (

p
=
0.035

) and on day 4 (

p

value <0.001) of treatment. Conclusion. MTX treatment can be used to manage symptomatic patients with ectopic pregnancy. The success rate in symptomatic patients is not different from that in asymptomatic patients.

β
−
hCG

levels
>
5000

IU
/
L

. Pretreatment and on day 4 posttreatment is associated with higher failure rate.
Epsin Nanotherapy Regulates Cholesterol Transport to Fortify Atheroma Regression
Authors: Cui Kui , Gao Xinlei , Wang Beibei , Wu Hao , Arulsamy Kulandaisamy , Dong Yunzhou , Xiao Yuling , Jiang Xingya , Malovichko Marina V. , Li Kathryn , Peng Qianman , Lu Yao Wei , Zhu Bo , Zheng Rongbin , Wong Scott , Cowan Douglas B. , Linton MacRae , Srivastava Sanjay , Shi Jinjun , Chen Kaifu , Chen Hong 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Excess cholesterol accumulation in lesional macrophages elicits complex responses in atherosclerosis. Epsins, a family of endocytic adaptors, fuel the progression of atherosclerosis; however, the underlying mechanism and therapeutic potential of targeting Epsins remains unknown. In this study, we determined the role of Epsins in macrophage-mediated metabolic regulation. We then developed an innovative method to therapeutically target macrophage Epsins with specially designed S2P-conjugated lipid nanoparticles, which encapsulate small-interfering RNAs to suppress Epsins.

Methods:

We used single-cell RNA sequencing with our newly developed algorithm MEBOCOST (Metabolite-mediated Cell Communication Modeling by Single Cell Transcriptome) to study cell-cell communications mediated by metabolites from sender cells and sensor proteins on receiver cells. Biomedical, cellular, and molecular approaches were utilized to investigate the role of macrophage Epsins in regulating lipid metabolism and transport. We performed this study using myeloid-specific Epsin double knockout (LysM-DKO) mice and mice with a genetic reduction of ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1; LysM-DKO-ABCG1
fl/+
). The nanoparticles targeting lesional macrophages were developed to encapsulate interfering RNAs to treat atherosclerosis.

Results:

We revealed that Epsins regulate lipid metabolism and transport in atherosclerotic macrophages. Inhibiting Epsins by nanotherapy halts inflammation and accelerates atheroma resolution. Harnessing lesional macrophage-specific nanoparticle delivery of Epsin small-interfering RNAs, we showed that silencing of macrophage Epsins diminished atherosclerotic plaque size and promoted plaque regression. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Epsins bound to CD36 to facilitate lipid uptake by enhancing CD36 endocytosis and recycling. Conversely, Epsins promoted ABCG1 degradation via lysosomes and hampered ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport. In a LysM-DKO-ABCG1
fl/+
mouse model, enhanced cholesterol efflux and reverse transport due to Epsin deficiency was suppressed by the reduction of ABCG1.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that targeting Epsins in lesional macrophages may offer therapeutic benefits for advanced atherosclerosis by reducing CD36-mediated lipid uptake and increasing ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux.
Impact of Diabetes on 10‐Year Outcomes Following ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the EXAMINATION‐EXTEND Trial
Authors: Spione Francesco , Arevalos Victor , Gabani Rami , Ortega‐Paz Luis , Gomez‐Lara Josep , Jimenez‐Diaz Victor , Jimenez Marcelo , Jiménez‐Quevedo Pilar , Diletti Roberto , Pineda Javier , Campo Gianluca , Silvestro Antonio , Maristany Jaume , Flores Xacobe , Oyarzabal Loreto , Bastos‐Fernandez Guillermo , Iñiguez Andrés , Serra Antonio , Escaned Javier , Ielasi Alfonso , Tespili Maurizio , Lenzen Mattie , Gonzalo Nieves , Bordes Pascual , Tebaldi Matteo , Biscaglia Simone , Al‐Shaibani Soheil , Romaguera Rafael , Gomez‐Hospital Joan Antoni , Rodes‐Cabau Josep , Serruys Patrick W. , Sabaté Manel , Brugaletta Salvatore 
Published: November 2022

Background
Long‐term outcomes of ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes have been barely investigated. The objective of this analysis from the EXAMINATION‐EXTEND (10‐Years Follow‐Up of the EXAMINATION trial) trial was to compare 10‐year outcomes of patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction with and without diabetes.

Methods and Results

Of the study population, 258 patients had diabetes and 1240 did not. The primary end point was patient‐oriented composite end point of all‐cause death, any myocardial infarction, or any revascularization. Secondary end points were the individual components of the primary combined end point, cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, and stent thrombosis. All end points were adjusted for potential confounders. At 10 years, patients with diabetes showed a higher incidence of patient‐oriented composite end point compared with those without (46.5% versus 33.0%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.31 [95% CI, 1.05–1.61];
P
=0.016) mainly driven by a higher incidence of any revascularization (24.4% versus 16.6%; adjusted HR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.19–2.17];
P
=0.002). Specifically, patients with diabetes had a higher incidence of any revascularization during the first 5 years of follow‐up (20.2% versus 12.8%; adjusted HR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.13–2.19];
P
=0.007) compared with those without diabetes. No statistically significant differences were found with respect to the other end points.

Conclusions
Patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction who had diabetes had worse clinical outcome at 10 years compared with those without diabetes, mainly driven by a higher incidence of any revascularizations in the first 5 years.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04462315.
Automated Quantification of Abnormal QRS Peaks From High‐Resolution ECGs Predicts Late Ventricular Arrhythmias in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A 5‐Year Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Suszko Adrian M. , Chakraborty Praloy , Viswanathan Karthik , Barichello Scott , Sapp John , Talajic Mario , Laksman Zachary , Yee Raymond , Woo Anna , Spears Danna , Adler Arnon , Rakowski Harry , Chauhan Vijay S. 
Published: November 2022

Background
Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are at risk of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) attributed to abnormal electrical activation arising from myocardial fibrosis and myocyte disarray. We sought to quantify intra‐QRS peaks (QRSp) in high‐resolution ECGs as a measure of abnormal activation to predict late VA in patients with HCM.

Methods and Results

Prospectively enrolled patients with HCM (n=143, age 53±14 years) with prophylactic implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators had 3‐minute, high‐resolution (1024 Hz), digital 12‐lead ECGs recorded during intrinsic rhythm. For each precordial lead, QRSp was defined as the total number of peaks detected in the QRS complex that deviated from a smoothing filtered version of the QRS. The VA end point was appropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy during 5‐year prospective follow‐up. After 5 years, 21 (16%) patients had VA. Patients who were VA positive had greater QRSp (6.0 [4.0–7.0] versus 4.0 [2.0–5.0];
P
<0.01) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (57±11 versus 62±9;
P
=0.038) compared with patients who were VA negative, but had similar established HCM risk metrics. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that QRSp discriminated VA (area under the curve=0.76;
P
<0.001), with a QRSp ≥4 achieving 91% sensitivity and 39% specificity. The annual VA rate was greater in patients with QRSp ≥4 versus QRSp <4 (4.4% versus 0.98%;
P
=0.012). In multivariable Cox regression, age <50 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.53;
P
=0.009) and QRSp (HR per QRS peak, 1.41;
P
=0.009) predicted VA after adjusting for established HCM risk metrics. In patients aged <50 years, the annual VA rate was 0.0% for QRSp <4 compared with 6.9% for QRSp ≥4 (
P
=0.012).

Conclusions
QRSp predicted VA in patients with HCM who were eligible for an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator after adjusting for established HCM risk metrics, such that each additional QRS peak increases VA risk by 40%. QRSp <4 was associated with a <1% annual VA risk in all patients, and no VA risk among those aged <50 years. This novel ECG metric may improve patient selection for prophylactic implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy by identifying those with low VA risk. These findings require further validation in a lower risk HCM cohort.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02560844.
Natural History of Leaflet Thrombosis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A 5‐Year Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Imaeda Shohei , Inohara Taku , Yoshijima Nobuhiro , Kobari Yusuke , Myojin Sosuke , Ryuzaki Toshinobu , Hattori Osamu , Shinada Keitaro , Tsuruta Hikaru , Takahashi Tatsuo , Yamazaki Masataka , Kato Jungo , Yamada Yoshitake , Jinzaki Masahiro , Shimizu Hideyuki , Fukuda Keiichi , Hayashida Kentaro 
Published: November 2022

Background
Subclinical leaflet thrombosis, characterized by hypoattenuated leaflet thickening (HALT) on multidetector computed tomography, is common after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Because little is known about the long‐term natural history of subclinical HALT, we aimed to investigate this in patients who underwent TAVR without using additional anticoagulation.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent TAVR with the Edwards SAPIEN‐XT at our institute between October 2013 and December 2015. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of HALT within 1 year after TAVR (HALT and No‐HALT groups). The primary outcome, defined as the composite of all‐cause mortality, heart failure readmission, and ischemic stroke, was compared. Valve performance was assessed over time by transthoracic echocardiography. Among 124 patients (men: 29.1%; median age, 85 years), 27 (21.8%) showed HALT on multidetector computed tomography within 1 year after TAVR. No patient required additional anticoagulation for treating HALT because of the absence of valve‐related symptomatic deterioration. During the median follow‐up period of 4.7 years (interquartile range, 4.0–5.6), the rate of primary outcome and valve performance was not statistically different between the 2 groups (37.0% versus 38.1%; log‐rank test
P
=0.92; mean pressure gradient, 9 mm Hg [8–14 mm Hg] versus 10 mm Hg [7–15 mm Hg];
P
=0.51, respectively).

Conclusions
Approximately 20% of patients after TAVR had HALT within 1 year; however, that did not change the risk of subsequent adverse cardiovascular events or the valve performance with statistical significance for up to 5 years despite no additional anticoagulation therapy.
Relationship Between Optical Coherence Tomography–Derived In‐Stent Neoatherosclerosis and the Extent of Lipid‐Rich Neointima by Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy and Intravascular Ultrasound: A Multimodal Imaging Study
Authors: Takeuchi Mitsuhiro , Dohi Tomotaka , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Fukase Tatsuya , Nishio Ryota , Takahashi Norihito , Endo Hirohisa , Nishiyama Hiroki , Doi Shinichiro , Okai Iwao , Iwata Hiroshi , Okazaki Shinya , Miyauchi Katsumi , Daida Hiroyuki , Minamino Tohru 
Published: November 2022

Background
In‐stent restenosis, especially for neoatherosclerosis, is a major concern following percutaneous coronary intervention. This study aimed to elucidate the association of features of in‐stent restenosis lesions revealed by optical coherence tomography (OCT)/optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) and the extent of lipid‐rich neointima (LRN) assessed by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and intravascular ultrasound, especially for neoatherosclerosis.

Methods and Results

We analyzed patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for in‐stent restenosis lesions using both OCT/OFDI and NIRS–intravascular ultrasound. OCT/OFDI‐derived neoatherosclerosis was defined as lipid neointima. The existence of large LRN (defined as a long segment with 4‐mm maximum lipid core burden index ≥400) was evaluated by NIRS. In 59 patients with 64 lesions, neoatherosclerosis and large LRN were observed in 17 (26.6%) and 21 lesions (32.8%), respectively. Naturally, large LRN showed higher 4‐mm maximum lipid core burden index (median [interquartile range], 623 [518–805] versus 176 [0–524];
P
<0.001). In OCT/OFDI findings, large LRN displayed lower minimal lumen area (0.9±0.4 versus 1.3±0.6 mm
2
;
P
=0.02) and greater max lipid arc (median [interquartile range], 272° [220°–360°] versus 193° [132°–247°];
P
=0.004). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, 4‐mm maximum lipid core burden index was the best predictor for neoatherosclerosis, with a cutoff value of 405 (area under curve, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.83–1.00]). In multivariable logistic analysis, only low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (odds ratio, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.11–2.08]) was an independent predictor for large LRNs.

Conclusions
NIRS‐derived large LRN was significantly associated with neoatherosclerosis by OCT/OFDI. The neointimal characterization by NIRS–intravascular ultrasound has potential as an alternative method of OCT/OFDI for in‐stent restenosis lesions.
A new prosodic reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European *-mon-stems
Authors: Yates Anthony D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
It is widely thought that (i) Proto-Indo-European had *-mon-stem nominals formed by internal derivation from neuter *-men-stems and that (ii) these *-mon-stems were characterized by “amphikinetic” inflection, thus stressed full-grade of the root in their strong case forms (*R(é)-mon-). This paper challenges the latter claim, arguing that these forms instead had stem-final stress (*R(e)-món-). I adduce prosodic evidence in support of this alternative reconstruction from Lithuanian, Greek, Hittite, and above all Vedic Sanskrit, where the attested reflexes of these *-mon-stems consistently show stem-final stress. I then propose a new account of their root full-grade, which on this new reconstruction is phonologically irregular, since it surfaces in a pretonic syllable. I contend that this full-grade was synchronically transferred from their neuter *-men-stem bases. In this respect, internally derived *-mon-stems are shown to pattern morphophonologically with other reconstructible non-primary derivatives, which similarly acquire their root vocalism from their derivational bases.
Can Oral Metronidazole Substitute Parenteral Drug Therapy in Acute Appendicitis?: A New Policy in the Management of Simple or Complicated Appendicitis with Localized Peritonitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Banani S. Abbas , Talei Abdolrasool 
Published: November 2022

To demonstrate the efficacy of oral metronidazole (OM) in simple or complicated appendicitis with localized peritonitis, a randomized prospective study was carried out in 1083 patients, ranging in age from 4 to 50 years (mean age, 21.38). The patients were randomly divided into two groups. The study group (SG) (524 patients) received OM (500 mg for adults, 7–10 mg/kg if less than 15 years) 2–3 hours before operation. The drug was continued 4 to 5 hours after operation, every 8 hours, for three doses if the appendix was mild to severely inflamed. In the case of complicated appendicitis (114 patients), the same dose was given for 3 to 6 days, depending on the absence or presence of pus. Ceftizoxime was administered to the control group (CG) (559 patients) 2 to 3 hours before operation and then postoperatively every 6 hours for three doses if the appendix was mild to severely inflamed. The complicated cases in the CG (120 patients) received a combination of penicillin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin for 3 to 6 days, depending on the absence or presence of pus. The serum concentration of metronidazole measured in 43 patients was at bactericidal level in 40 (mean ± SD standard deviation, 10.65 ± 4.89 μg/mL). The rate of wound infection was not significantly different in the SG and the CG with the same degree of pathology (3.17% vs 2.96% if uncomplicated; 15.78% vs 14.16% if complicated, respectively). Pelvic collection occurred in four adults and one child in the CG with perforated appendicitis (4.16%). The same complication developed in two adults and two children in the SG with perforated appendicitis (3.5%). All six adults and one of the children in the SG had to be re-explored, whereas the remaining two children responded to conservative management (OM and gentamicin). In uncomplicated cases, hospital stay and hospital charge were both almost the same in both groups. However, length of hospitalization was nearly 1 day shorter and hospital cost per day was about 30 per cent less in complicated cases in the SG as compared with the CG. Conclusively, OM may not only substitute parenteral antibiotics in acute appendicitis as a prophylactic agent, but it may also be used as a cost-effective drug and is more convenient to the patient.
Twisted and coiled yarns for energy harvesting and storage, artificial muscles, refrigeration, and sensing
Authors: Wang Zhong , Baughman Ray H 
Published: November 2022

This overview focuses on our teams work on using twisted yarns and highly elastic coiled yarns for artificial muscles, energy harvesting, energy storage, sensing, and refrigeration. Despite the diversity of these applications for coiled carbon nanotube and polymer yarns, similar fabrication methods are applicable and conversion of coiling twist to yarn twist results in yarn elasticity, actuation, twistocaloric cooling, and the capacitance changes used for energy harvesting and sensing. Likewise, the same biscrolling method yields coiled yarns containing up to 95 weight percent of guest powders that provide various new properties. The obtained performance of the coiled polymer and carbon nanotube yarns are remarkable, such as artificial muscles that generate up to 98 times the output mechanical power than the maximum for the same weight human muscle and mechanical energy harvesters providing a higher peak electrical power per weight than prior art material-based mechanical energy harvesters for stretch frequencies between a few Hz and 600 Hz.