bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron spin coherence on a solid neon surface
Authors: Chen Qianfan , Martin Ivar , Jiang Liang , Jin Dafei 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
A single electron floating on the surface of a condensed noble-gas liquid or solid can act as a spin qubit with ultralong coherence time, thanks to the extraordinary purity of such systems. Previous studies suggest that the electron spin coherence time on a superfluid helium (He) surface can exceed 100 s. In this paper, we present theoretical studies of the electron spin coherence on a solid neon (Ne) surface, motivated by our recent experimental realization of single-electron charge qubit on solid Ne. The major spin decoherence mechanisms investigated include the fluctuating Ne diamagnetic susceptibility due to thermal phonons, the fluctuating thermal current in normal metal electrodes, and the quasi-statically fluctuating nuclear spins of the 21Ne ensemble. We find that at a typical experimental temperature about 10 mK in a fully superconducting device, the electron spin decoherence is dominated by the third mechanism via electron–nuclear spin–spin interaction. For natural Ne with 2700 ppm abundance of 21Ne, the estimated inhomogeneous dephasing time

T

2

*

is around 0.16 ms, already better than most semiconductor quantum-dot spin qubits. For commercially available, isotopically purified Ne with 1 ppm of 21Ne,

T

2

*

can be 0.43 s. Under the application of Hahn echoes, the coherence time T
2 can be improved to 30 ms for natural Ne and 81 s for purified Ne. Therefore, the single-electron spin qubits on solid Ne can serve as promising new spin qubits.
Radial Kohn–Sham problem via integral-equation approach
Authors: Užulis Jānis , Gulans Andris 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
We present a numerical tool for solving the non-relativistic Kohn–Sham problem for spherically-symmetric atoms. It treats the Schrödinger equation as an integral equation relying heavily on convolutions. The solver supports different types of exchange-correlation functionals including screened and long-range corrected hybrids. We implement a new method for treating range separation based on the complementary error function kernel. The present tool is applied in non-relativistic total energy calculations of atoms. A comparison with ultra-precise reference data[Cinal, JOMC 58, 1571 (2020)] shows a 14-digit agreement for Hartree–Fock results. We provide further benchmark data obtained with 5 different exchange-correlation functionals.
Evaluation of Face Shields, Goggles, and Safety Glasses as a Virus Transmission Control Measure to Protect the Wearer Against Cough Droplets
Authors: Hall Samantha , Johnson Paul , Bailey Claire , Gould Zoe , White Robert , Crook Brian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Face shields (also referred to as visors), goggles and safety glasses have been worn during the COVID-19 pandemic as one measure to control transmission of the virus. However, their effectiveness in controlling facial exposure to cough droplets is not well established and standard tests for evaluating eye protection for this application are limited. A method was developed to evaluate face shields, goggles, and safety glasses as a control measure to protect the wearer against cough droplets. The method uses a semi-quantitative assessment of facial droplet deposition. A cough simulator was developed to generate droplets comparable to those from a human cough. The droplets consisted of a UV fluorescent marker (fluorescein) in water. Fourteen face shields, four pairs of goggles and one pair of safety glasses were evaluated by mounting them on two different sizes of breathing manikin head and challenging them with the simulated cough. The manikin head was positioned in seven orientations relative to the cough simulator to represent various potential occupational exposure scenarios, for example, a nurse standing over a patient. Droplet deposition in the eyes, nose and mouth regions were visualised following three ‘coughs’. Face shields, goggles, and safety glasses reduced, but did not eliminate exposure to the wearer from droplets such as those produced by a human cough. The level of protection differed based on the design of the personal protective equipment and the relative orientation of the wearer to the cough. For example, face shields, and goggles offered the greatest protection when a cough challenge was face on or from above and the least protection when a cough challenge was from below. Face shields were also evaluated as source control to protect others from the wearer. Results suggested that if a coughing person wears a face shield, it can provide some protection from cough droplets to those standing directly in front of the wearer.
Understanding the multidimensional cognitive deficits of logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Ramanan Siddharth , Irish Muireann , Patterson Karalyn , Rowe James B , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa , Lambon Ralph Matthew A 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia is characterized by early deficits in language production and phonological short-term memory, attributed to left-lateralized temporoparietal, inferior parietal and posterior temporal neurodegeneration. Despite patients primarily complaining of language difficulties, emerging evidence points to performance deficits in non-linguistic domains. Temporoparietal cortex, and functional brain networks anchored to this region, are implicated as putative neural substrates of non-linguistic cognitive deficits in logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, suggesting that degeneration of a shared set of brain regions may result in co-occurring linguistic and non-linguistic dysfunction early in the disease course. Here, we provide a Review aimed at broadening the understanding of logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia beyond the lens of an exclusive language disorder. By considering behavioural and neuroimaging research on non-linguistic dysfunction in logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, we propose that a significant portion of multidimensional cognitive features can be explained by degeneration of temporal/inferior parietal cortices and connected regions. Drawing on insights from normative cognitive neuroscience, we propose that these regions underpin a combination of domain-general and domain-selective cognitive processes, whose disruption results in multifaceted cognitive deficits including aphasia. This account explains the common emergence of linguistic and non-linguistic cognitive difficulties in logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, and predicts phenotypic diversification associated with progression of pathology in posterior neocortex.
Pharmacogenetics-guided dalcetrapib therapy after an acute coronary syndrome: the dal-GenE trial
Authors: Tardif Jean Claude , Pfeffer Marc A , Kouz Simon , Koenig Wolfgang , Maggioni Aldo P , McMurray John J V , Mooser Vincent , Waters David D , Grégoire Jean C , L’Allier Philippe L , Wouter Jukema J , White Harvey D. , Heinonen Therese , Black Donald M , Laghrissi-Thode Fouzia , Levesque Sylvie , Guertin Marie Claude , Dubé Marie Pierre ,   for the dal-GenE Investigators
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Aims
In a retrospective analysis of dal-Outcomes, the effect of dalcetrapib on cardiovascular events was influenced by an adenylate cyclase type 9 (ADCY9) gene polymorphism. The dal-GenE study was conducted to test this pharmacogenetic hypothesis.

Methods and results
dal-GenE was a double-blind trial in patients with an acute coronary syndrome within 1–3 months and the AA genotype at variant rs1967309 in the ADCY9 gene. A total of 6147 patients were randomly assigned to receive dalcetrapib 600 mg or placebo daily. The primary endpoint was the time from randomization to first occurrence of cardiovascular death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke. After a median follow-up of 39.9 months, the primary endpoint occurred in 292 (9.5%) of 3071 patients in the dalcetrapib group and 327 (10.6%) of 3076 patients in the placebo group [hazard ratio 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–1.03; P = 0.12]. The hazard ratios for the components of the primary endpoint were 0.79 (95% CI 0.65–0.96) for myocardial infarction, 0.92 (95% CI 0.64–1.33) for stroke, 1.21 (95% CI 0.91–1.60) for death from cardiovascular causes, and 2.33 (95% CI 0.60–9.02) for resuscitated cardiac arrest. In a pre-specified on-treatment sensitivity analysis, the primary endpoint event rate was 7.8% (236/3015) in the dalcetrapib group and 9.3% (282/3031) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.83; 95% CI 0.70–0.98).

Conclusion
Dalcetrapib did not significantly reduce the risk of occurrence of the primary endpoint of ischaemic cardiovascular events at end of study. A new trial would be needed to test the pharmacogenetic hypothesis that dalcetrapib improves the prognosis of patients with the AA genotype.

Clinical Trial Registration
Trial registration dal-GenE ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02525939
Cardioprotective effects of influenza vaccination among patients with established cardiovascular disease or at high cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jaiswal Vikash , Ang Song Peng , Yaqoob Sadia , Ishak Angela , Chia Jia Ee , Nasir Yusra Minahil , Anjum Zauraiz , Alraies M Chadi , Jaiswal Akash , Biswas Monodeep 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
The clinical impact of the influenza vaccination on cardiovascular outcomes in people with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still debated.

Aim
The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the effect of influenza vaccination on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes among patients with established CVD.

Methods
We systematically searched all electronic databases from inception until 15 April 2022. Primary clinical outcomes were all-cause mortality, and major adverse clinical events (MACEs). Secondary endpoints were heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular mortality, and stroke.

Results
Eighteen articles (five randomized trials and thirteen observational studies), with a total of 22 532 165 patients were included in the analysis. There were 217 072 participants included in the high cardiovascular risk or established CVD population (vaccinated n = 111 073 and unvaccinated n = 105 999). The mean age of the patients was 68 years old, without any difference between groups (69 vs. 71) years. At a mean follow-up of 1.5 years, the vaccinated group was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR), 0.71(95% CI, 0.63–0.80), P &lt; 0.001], MACE [HR, 0.83(95% CI:0.72–0.96), P = 0.01], CV mortality [HR, 0.78(95% CI:0.68–0.90), P &lt; 0.001], and MI [HR, 0.82 (95% CI:0.74–0.92), P &lt; 0.001] compared to the unvaccinated group. While the incidence of stroke [HR, 1.03 (95% CI, 0.92–1.06), P = 0.61] and heart failure [HR, 0.74 (95% CI, 0.51–1.08), P = 0.12] did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusion
Influenza vaccination reduced MACEs, all-cause mortality, CV mortality, and MI. These highlighted the importance of influenza vaccination in established CVD or high cardiovascular risk.
Objective Physical Activity Accumulation and Brain Volume in Older Adults: An MRI and Whole-Brain Volume Study
Authors: Melo Neves Lucas , Ritti-Dias Raphael , Juday Valeria , Marquesini Raquel , Mendes Gerage Aline , Cândido Laurentino Gilberto , Hoffmann Nunes Renato , Stubbs Brendon , Ugrinowitsch Carlos 
Published: July 2022

AbstractA decrease in brain volume (ie, brain atrophy) is a marker of cognitive health in older adults. Insufficient weekly accumulation of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been associated with lower brain volume. As this association has been established for a small number of brain areas and structures and atrophy rates seem to be nonuniform between them, more comprehensive analyses are warranted. We compared the volume of 71 brain areas and structures in 45 older adults who met and did not meet objectively measured MVPA recommendations. In addition, we used multiple regression models to determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2PEAK), MVPA, and health-related risk factors could affect the atrophy of brain areas and structures. An accelerometer (GT9-X ActiGraph) was worn for 7 days. Participants were then classified into 2 groups: &lt;150 minutes MVPA (&lt;150′MVPA; n = 20) and ≥150 minutes MVPA (≥150′MVPA; n = 25) per week. Older adults who accumulated ≥150′MVPA per week had significantly higher absolute and relative (% of intracranial volume) volumes of 39 and 9 brain areas and structures, respectively, than those who accumulated &lt;150′MVPA per week. Higher VO2PEAK seems to be a key predictor of the atrophy of brain areas and structures. In conclusion, meeting weekly physical activity recommendations seems to have a widespread effect on preserving the volume of more than 30 brain areas and structures in older adults. VO2PEAK seems to be the most frequent and important predictor of brain volume preservation.
Nuclear Weapons in the Tweede Kamer: Analysis of Nuclear Motions in the Dutch House of Representatives in Times of Contestation
Authors: Onderco Michal , Joosen Rik 
Published: July 2022

AbstractUS nuclear weapons are presently hosted in five European countries. In recent years, parliaments in four out of the five countries held debates about these weapons. For most of them, this was the first (or the only) debate in many years. By contrast, in the Netherlands, the Tweede Kamer, the House of Representatives, held forty-four votes related to nuclear weapons in the last two parliamentary periods alone. Although parliament's powers are restricted, these votes can oblige government to pursue a certain policy and ultimately put soft constraints on government's freedom of action. Yet, the extent of the contestation of nuclear weapons in European parliaments is almost unknown. Using the Dutch case and spatial modeling methods, we offer three lessons: first, that security policy does not stand above the parliamentary politics; second, that cross-bench voting happens but the activity originates in partisan silos; and third, that there is a strong partisan element to the debates about nuclear weapons in Europe.
Summarizing Study Characteristics and Diagnostic Performance of Commercially Available Tests for Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Scoping Literature Review in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Bernstein David I , Mejias Asuncion , Rath Barbara , Woods Christopher W , Deeter Jamie Phillips 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Nonpharmaceutical interventions to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 also decreased the spread of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza. Viral diagnostic testing in patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI) is a necessary tool for patient management; therefore, sensitive and specific tests are required. This scoping literature review aimed to summarize the study characteristics of commercially available sample-to-answer RSV tests.

Content
PubMed and Embase were queried for studies reporting on the diagnostic performance of tests for RSV in patients with RTI (published January 2005–January 2021). Information on study design, patient and setting characteristics, and published diagnostic performance of RSV tests were extracted from 77 studies that met predefined inclusion criteria. A literature gap was identified for studies of RSV tests conducted in adult-only populations (5.3% of total subrecords) and in outpatient (7.5%) or household (0.8%) settings. Overall, RSV tests with analytical time &gt;30 min had higher published sensitivity (62.5%–100%) vs RSV tests with analytical time ≤30 min (25.7%–100%); this sensitivity range could be partially attributed to the different modalities (antigen vs molecular) used. Molecular-based rapid RSV tests had higher published sensitivity (66.7%–100%) and specificity (94.3%–100%) than antigen-based RSV tests (sensitivity: 25.7%–100%; specificity:80.3%–100%).

Summary
This scoping review reveals a paucity of literature on studies of RSV tests in specific populations and settings, highlighting the need for further assessments. Considering the implications of these results in the current pandemic landscape, the authors preliminarily suggest adopting molecular-based RSV tests for first-line use in these settings.
Facilitators and barriers of medication adherence amongst the geriatrics: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohamed Dharvees T , Sandy Crasta D , Stephen Steby Mol , Thomas Anmaria , Pereira Prathibha , Ramesh Madhan , Sri Harsha Chalasani , Syed Jehath 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the rate of medication adherence, facilitators and barriers to medication adherence among elderly.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the medication adherence level and the patient reported facilitators and barriers using medication adherence rating scale and a prevalidated questionnaire, respectively amongst the geriatric patients who were hospitalised in a south India tertiary care hospital. Data thus collected were categorically analysed. Predictors were assessed using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval.

Key Findings
A total of 401 patients were enrolled, majority [220 (54.86%)] were adherent to the medications. The barriers identified included forgetfulness, carelessness, lack of awareness about the disease and medication, illiteracy, lack of regular follow up and visit, social stigma on disease, polypharmacy and adverse effects. The facilitators included good access to the health care system, patient counselling, regular follow-up, and refill. The age group of 71–80 years [OR 2.02 (95% CI, 1.31–3.13)], illiteracy [OR 2.34 (95% CI 1.38–3.98)], single as marital status [OR 3.64 (95% CI, 1.13–11.67)], comorbidities (≥5) [OR 3.91 (95% CI, 1.78–8.60)], discharge medications (&gt;11) [OR 3.11 (95% CI, 1.55–6.26)], lack of awareness about the disease [OR 1.99 (95% CI, 1.30–3.032)] were found to be significant predisposing factors.

Conclusions
This study reveals as several predictive factors were identified for medication nonadherence which can aid in developing strategies to improve medication adherence.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics Associated with Treatment Success from Basivertebral Nerve Ablation: An Aggregated Cohort Study of Multicenter Prospective Clinical Trials Data
Authors: McCormick Zachary L , Conger Aaron , Smuck Matthew , Lotz Jeffrey C , Hirsch Joshua A , Hickman Colton , Harper Katrina , Burnham Taylor R 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveInvestigate associations between endplate and motion segment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics and treatment outcomes following basivertebral nerve radiofrequency ablation (BVN RFA) in patients with clinically suspected vertebral endplate pain (VEP).DesignAggregated cohort study of 296 participants treated with BVN RFA from three prospective clinical trials.MethodsBaseline MRI characteristics were analyzed using stepwise logistic regression to identify factors associated with treatment success. Predictive models used three definitions of treatment success: (1) ≥50% low back pain (LBP) visual analog scale (VAS), (2) ≥15-point Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and (3) ≥50% VAS or ≥15-point ODI improvements at 3-months post-BVN RFA.ResultsThe presence of lumbar facet joint fluid (odds ratio [OR] 0.586) reduced the odds of BVN RFA treatment success in individuals with clinically suspected VEP. In patients with a less advanced degenerative disc disease (DDD) profile, a &gt; 50% area of the endplate with bone marrow intensity changes (BMIC) was predictive of treatment success (OR 4.689). Both regressions areas under the curve (AUCs) were under 70%, indicating low predictive value. All other vertebral endplate, intervertebral disc, nerve roots facet joint, spinal segmental alignment, neuroforamina, lateral recesses, and central canal MRI characteristics were not associated with BVN RFA success.ConclusionsIn patients with vertebrogenic low back pain with Modic changes, the presence of degenerative findings of the anterior and posterior column was not associated with a clinically important impact on BVN RFA treatment success. None of the models demonstrated strong predictive value, indicating that the use of objective imaging biomarkers (Type 1 and/or 2 Modic changes) and a correlating presentation of pain remain the most useful patient selection factors for BVN RFA.
Exchange-Traded Funds and Real Investment
Authors: Antoniou Constantinos , Weikai Li Frank , Liu Xuewen , Subrahmanyam Avanidhar , Sun Chengzhu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe investigate the link between exchange-traded funds and real investment. Cross-sectionally, higher ETF ownership is associated with an increased sensitivity of real investment to Tobin’s q and a heightened ability of stock returns to forecast future earnings. Inclusion of stocks in industry ETFs enhances investment-$q$ sensitivity and implies greater incorporation of earnings information into prices prior to public releases. Greater nonmarket ETF ownership leads to increased (reduced) reliance of real investment on own (peers’) stock prices. Overall, the evidence is consistent with ETFs positively affecting real investment efficiency via greater flows of information.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online
The Nature of Social Work: An Ecocentered Analysis of Key Social Work Statements
Authors: Levin Lia , Nevo Mali 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This article addresses references to people’s natural environments in some of the central declarative statements that shape social work worldwide. Four types of documents were analyzed, including statements associated with the Global Definition of Social Work, the Global Standards for Social Work Education and Training, the Global Social Work Statement of Ethical Principles, and the Grand Challenges for Social Work initiative. The analysis was driven by a critical-interpretive approach, seeking explicit and possibly implied references to nature and the environment across documents, with special attention to themes concerning the relationship between micro and macro perspectives, disciplinarity and inter- or transdisciplinarity, and relations between humankind and nature. In general, direct references to social work’s possible intersections with issues related to nature and the natural environment were scarce in the materials examined. That having been said, our analysis did find that ecocentered interpretations enable locating prospective “bridges” for the incorporation of deeper ecological perceptions of social work into statements. Such findings constitute a call to action, and the possible implications of continuing to broadly disregard ecological aspects of social work in core materials published by influential professional institutions are discussed.