bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secular trends in the mortality of gastrointestinal cancers across China, Japan, the US, and India: An age-period-cohort, Joinpoint analyses, and Holt forecasts
Authors: Cui Yiran , Cheng Gang , Tian Gang , He Simin , Yan Yan 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundColon cancer, esophageal cancer, and stomach cancer are the common causes of morbidity and mortality in China, Japan, the US., and India. The current study aims to assess and compare secular trends of the mortality of gastrointestinal cancers during the period, 1990–2017 in age-specific, time period, and birth cohort effects.MethodWe used the Joinpoint model to collect age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) for four countries. We designed an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis to estimate the independent effects on the mortality of three types of cancers.ResultThe Joinpoint model shows that in addition to the death rate of esophageal cancer in Japan, the ASMR of esophageal cancer and stomach cancer in other countries declined rapidly. The APC analysis presented a similar pattern of age effect between four countries for colon cancer and stomach cancer, which increased from 20 to 89 age groups. Differently, the period effect rapidly increased for esophageal cancer and stomach cancer in the US, and the period effect in China presented a declining volatility, showing its highest value in 2007. In future, highest mortality trends are likely to occur in China.ConclusionTherefore, the obvious increase in colon cancer recommended that earlier tactics must be performed to reduce mortality from specific causes from 2018 to 2027.
Perceptions of sugar-sweetened beverages among adolescents in North Carolina
Authors: Haynes-Maslow Lindsey , Ray Sarah , Giombi Kristen 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionSugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among adolescents contributes to diet-related chronic disease including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and poor oral health.ObjectiveTo better understand adolescents' perceptions, attitudes, and consumption behaviors around SSBs by conducting virtual workshop discussions with adolescents in NC.Materials and methodsAdolescents ages 11–17 in communities with a high proportion of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligible households were selected to participate in a series of virtual group workshops during summer 2021. A semi-structured discussion guide was used by a workshop facilitator. Workshop discussions centered around general health perceptions, SSB perceptions, and consumption behaviors. A thematic analysis was used to summarize knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions around SSBs.ResultsApproximately 36 adolescents participated across four group workshops. Parents and caregivers influenced adolescents most when it came to making beverage choices. Positive SSB perceptions included liking the taste and the association with special times and social events. Negative opinions focused on associated health risks (diet-related chronic disease and poor oral health). Some adolescents acknowledged SSBs were not healthy but suggested they could be consumed occasionally. Very few participants mentioned any benefits from SSBs; those that mentioned benefits stated they provided energy, replaced electrolytes, and tasted good.ConclusionFindings provide several key insights that can contribute to the development of messages aimed at curbing SSB consumption among adolescents. For example, messages that focus on catching adolescents' attention and sharing short- and long-term health consequences of high SSB consumption resonated with adolescents, but because occasional SSB intake was not seen as consequential, messages that suggest abstinence from SSBs may not be helpful in reducing consumption.
Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography: National expenditures and cost-effectiveness
Authors: Zeng Xiaohui , Zhou Zhen , Luo Xia , Liu Qiao 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the cost-effectiveness of undertaking low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for early detection of lung cancer (LC) with different frequencies within the healthcare system of China, and estimate the additional national healthcare expenditure and five-year LC mortality associated with different screening frequencies.Material and methodsA Markov model was established using national LC epidemiological data from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, demographic data from the Chinese Statistical Yearbook, and cost and effectiveness data mainly from the Cancer Screening Program in China. The model included thirty sex-specific screening strategies, which were classified by initial screening age (30, 35, 40, 45, and 50), and screening intervals (intervals at single time point, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 years). The main model outputs were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), additional national healthcare expenditure and five-year LC mortality.ResultsThe ICERs for LDCT screening strategies vs. non-screening strategy ranged from $16,086 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) to $3,675,491 per QALY in the male cohort, and from $36,624 per QALY to $5,943,556 per QALY in the female cohort. The annual increment national healthcare expenditures related to LDCT screening were varied from $0.25 to $13.39 billion, with the lower cost in the cohort with older screening ages and lower screening frequencies. More frequent screening with LDCT was associated with a greater reduction in LC death: an annual LDCT screening was linked to an estimated reduction in five-year LC death by 27.27–29.07%, while a one-off screening was linked to a reduction by 5.56–5.83%.ConclusionUnder a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of three times the Chinese gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (US $37,654), annual screening with an initiating age at 50 was most cost-effective in both male and female cohorts. By taking into account both the national healthcare expenditures and the effect of LDCT screening, our study results support undertaking LDCT screening annually from 50 years old in general populations.
Application of three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction in the treatment of video-assisted thoracoscopic complex segmentectomy of the lower lung lobe: A retrospective study
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Wang Qing , Zhang Xindi , Yin Hang , Fu Yujie , Cao Min , Zhao Xiaojing 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundAn increasing number of lung ground-glass nodules (GGNs) have been detected ever since low-dose computer tomography started growing in popularity. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology plays a critical role in lung resection, especially in segmentectomy. In this study, we explore the role of 3D reconstruction in thoracoscopic complex segmentectomy of lower lung lobe.MethodsA total of 97 patients who underwent complex segmentectomy of lower lung lobe from January 2021 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. We divided these patients into a 3D group (n = 42) and a routine group (n = 55) based on preoperative 3D reconstruction or without this procedure. The demographics of patients and GGNs were collected and perioperative outcomes were compared between the two groups.ResultsAll of the baseline characteristics between the groups were comparable (all P &gt; 0.05). There was no 30-day postoperative mortality and conversion in the two groups. The operation time of the 3D group was significantly shorter than that of the routine group (111.4 ± 20.8 min vs. 127.1 ± 32.3 min, P = 0.007). The number of stapler reloads during surgery in the 3D group was less than that in the routine group (9.0 ± 2.2 vs. 10.4 ± 2.6, P = 0.009). The rate of air leakage on postoperative days 1–3 was lower in the 3D group (11.9% vs. 30.9%, P = 0.027). In addition, the resection margins of all patients in the 3D group were adequate, while four patients in the routine group had inadequate resection margins, although there was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.131). Intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, postoperative hospital stay, pneumonia/atelectasis, and hemoptysis were similar between the two groups.ConclusionsFor performing complex segmentectomy of the lower lung lobe, the procedure of 3D reconstruction may shorten the operation time, decrease the number of stapler reloads, prevent postoperative air leakage, and guarantee a safe surgical margin. Therefore, 3D reconstruction is recommended for complex segmentectomy of the lower lung lobe.
Metronidazole Degradation by UV and UV/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Processes: Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Effects of Natural Water Matrices
Authors: Su Rongkui , Dai Xiangrong , Wang Hanqing , Wang Zhixiang , Li Zishi , Chen Yonghua , Luo Yiting , Ouyang Danxia 
Published: September 2022

Advanced oxidation technology represented by hydroxyl radicals has great potential to remove residual antibiotics. In this study, we systematically compared the metronidazole (MTZ) degradation behavior and mechanism in the UV and UV/H2O2 systems at pH 3.00 condition. The results show that the initial reaction rates were 0.147 and 1.47 µM min−1 in the UV and UV/H2O2 systems, respectively. The main reason for the slow direct photolysis of MTZ is the relatively low molar absorption coefficient (2645.44 M−1 cm−1) and quantum yield (5.9 × 10−3 mol Einstein−1). Then, we measured kMTZ,OH • as 2.79 (±0.12) × 109 M−1 s−1 by competitive kinetics, and calculated kMTZ,OH • and [OH •]SS as 2.43 (±0.11) × 109 M−1 s−1 and 2.36 × 10−13 M by establishing a kinetic model based on the steady-state hypothesis in our UV/H2O2 system. The contribution of direct photolysis and •OH to the MTZ degradation was 9.9% and 90.1%. •OH plays a major role in the MTZ degradation, and •OH was the main active material in the UV/H2O2 system. This result was also confirmed by MTZ degradation and radicals’ identification experiments. MTZ degradation increases with H2O2 dosage, but excessive H2O2 had the opposite effect. A complex matrix has influence on MTZ degradation. Organic matter could inhibit the degradation of MTZ, and the quenching of the radical was the main reason. NO3− promoted the MTZ degradation, while SO42− and Cl− had no effect. These results are of fundamental and practical importance in understanding the MTZ degradation, and to help select preferred processes for the optimal removal of antibiotics in natural water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater
Associations of Diet Quality and Heavy Metals with Obesity in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Li Tiezheng , Yu Luhua , Yang Zongming , Shen Peng , Lin Hongbo , Shui Liming , Tang Mengling , Jin Mingjuan , Chen Kun , Wang Jianbing 
Published: September 2022

A poor diet cannot fully explain the prevalence of obesity. Other environmental factors (e.g., heavy metals) have been reported to be associated with obesity. However, limited evidence is available for the combined effect of these factors on obesity. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study and used the data from the National Health and Examination Survey (2007–2018) to explore the associations between diet quality and heavy metals and obesity. Diet quality was evaluated by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) score. Heavy metals included serum cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). We included 15,959 adults, with 5799 of obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2). After adjustment for covariates, every interquartile range increase in HEI-2015 scores, Pb, Cd and Hg was associated with a 35% (odds ratios [OR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.60, 0.70), 11% (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98), 9% (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.96), 5% (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.89) reduction in risk of peripheral obesity, respectively. In addition, the association between the HEI-2015 scores and peripheral obesity was attenuated by higher levels of heavy metals (All p interaction < 0.05). Results remained similar for abdominal obesity. Our study reveals the distinct effects of a high-quality diet and heavy metals on obesity prevalence, and the beneficial effect of a high-quality diet could be weakened by higher levels of heavy metals.
Ontological and Meta–Physical Aspect of Information
Authors: Łapiński Jacek 
Published: September 2022

The publication contains analyzes on the understanding of information in terms of quantitative and qualitative, objective and subjective aspects, the way it works and the role played in the process of morphogenesis.
The aim of the publication is an attempt to define the ontological status of information and to indicate possible sources of its origin. The qualitative, not quantitative, aspect of the information is important. Determining what, in its qualitative essence, information is, what a being is, will allow to create the necessary premises to try to confirm or deny the thesis that information is a fundamental and fully real causative and functional factor of morphogenesis, as well as to verify the correctness of the hypothesis about a specific, fundamental, related to the action of God, the source of information origin.
Predictors of the existential dimension of gerotranscendence in women. Intergenerational differences
Authors: Kozerska Agnieszka 
Published: September 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this research is 1. to verify if older women (60+) differ from younger women in terms of the level of spiritual/cosmic transcendence. 2. To determine in which circumstances spiritual/cosmic transcendence grows in each of the research groups.
Method: The research was carried out in Poland. Research subjects: 253 women aged between 20 to 89. Hierarchical regression analysis was used in the research taking into account two models. The research sample was divided to two groups: (1.) Younger group - aged between 20 to 49, and (2.) Older group - aged between 60 to 89. In the first stage, for each compared group separately, the model presenting the connection between cosmic gerotranscendence and the set of variables considered in the literature to be gerotranscendence correlates were analysed: Health condition and engagement in life, The feeling of sense in life, Wisdom, Recent experiencing a difficult life situation, The feeling of loneliness. Next, it was verified to what extent religious activity undertaken by women subject to the research related with creating a relationship with God improves parameters of model created in the first stage.
Results: The level of spiritual/cosmic transcendence is higher in older women. In the group of both younger and older women the level of dependent variable increases in persons who actively look for the sense in life and are characterised by a high level of emphatic wisdom. A significant predictor in both compared groups is activity related to the search for God together with other people. In the group of younger women, an additional predictor is also experiencing difficult life situations within the past 6 months.
Conclusion: The obtained models show that in the process of development towards spiritual transcendence relations with other people are essential for women who actively search for the sense in life. It refers in particular to relations with others in the context of religious engagement.
Media use as a predictor of young adult religiosity in the context of their identity styles and parental religiosity
Authors: Kutt Marzena , Lelek-Kratiuk Marzena 
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the relationship of press and Internet use by young adults or, according to Arnett's approach, those entering adulthood, with their level of religiosity. The context for the correlation studied was the identity styles of the subjects and the religiosity of their parents, or rather the subjects' perceived level of this religiosity expressed as a score on the Huber C-15 Scale. Religiosity can be characterized as a multidimensional structure that includes five representative, common, and relatively autonomous dimensions: experiential, ritualistic, ideological, intellectual, and consequential of religiosity. Young adults often represent a synthetic-conventional faith, which is strongly associated with authority figures and community. At this stage, religiosity is not yet fully internalized, so it fluctuates easily. The greatest influence on the level of religiosity seems to be the parents’ religiosity. At the same time, people representing the discussed age group are among the most engaged users of new media, which may also impinge on their faith. Polish studies proved that containing criticism of the Church and exposing its flaws may have a negative impact on the religiosity of the recipients. The study was conducted using a questionnaire prepared by M. Kutt and tools that have an established position in research practice (Berzonky's Identity Styles Questionnaire and the C-15 Huber Scale). There is a correlations between specific identity styles, perceived religiosity of parents, frequency of media use, interest in specific topics and the level of religiosity of the subjects. Some of the formulated hypotheses were not positively verified. Conclusions: The most important variables explaining the level of religiosity of young adults turned out to be mother's religiosity and normative style (positive correlation), as well as diffusion-union style (negative correlation). The negative correlation between the level of religiosity and interest in current information from the press as well as the Internet seems interesting.
مقترحات إصلاح النظام النقدي الدولي من منظور الاقتصاد الإسلامي
Authors: عبدالله السودي وجدان 
Published: September 2022

يهدف البحث إلى بيان مقترحات إصلاح النظام النقدي المطروحة من بعض الاقتصاديين, ومن ثم تقييم الاقتصاد الإسلامي لمقترحات إصلاح النظام النقدي, وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن النقود اصحبت غاية وليست وسيلة للمبادلة ووحدة حساب وهذا أدى إلى اضطراب النظام النقدي المحلي والدولي, وسيطرة الدولار على النظام النقدي كعملة عالمية أدى إلى الكثير من الأزمات العالمية, وأن جميع المقترحات لإصلاح النظام النقدي تسعى لإيجاد نظام نقدي دولي خالي من الاضطرابات,
الكلمات المفتاحية: النظام النقدي, إصلاح النظام النقدي، البانكور، حقوق السحب الخاصة، سلة ليتر للسلع, الاقتصاد الإسلامي.
ulnerable Consolidation of Democracy in South Korea
Authors: Choi Hongseok 
Published: September 2022

This research scrutinizes the process of democratic consolidation in South Korea, focusing on interactions of political actors. This study assumes that if democratization depends on political interactions, the status of the outcomes tends to be fluctuating, and examines the research hypothesis that democratic transition of South Korea was the outcomes of strategic interactions between political actors, by analyzing the political conjuncture of presidential nomination in 1992 as a crucial moment of democratic transition in South Korea, with a rational choice theory: a game theory model. The results show that strategic interaction of political actors determined the process of transitions, even after the founding election. This research also clarifies that the weakness of the political society and severe regionalism, which are derived from patrimonialism, are the vital elements for fluctuating consolidation in South Korea.
Keywords: Democratization, Democratic Consolidation, Rational Choice Theory
أثر استخدام استراتيجية كرة الثلج على السرعة القرائية لدى طلبة الصف الثالث الأساسي في مديرية قصبة المفرق
Authors: الخزاعلة نور 
Published: September 2022

الملخص: هدفت هذه الدّراسة إلى معرفة أثر استخدام استراتيجية كرة الثلج على السرعة القرائية لدى طلبة الصف الثالث الأساسي في قصبة المفرق، وقد استخدمت الباحثة المنهج شبه التجريبي. طُبقت الدراسة على عينة مكونة من (34) طالبا وطالبة من طلبة الصف الثالث الأساسيّ من مدرستين اختيرتا قصديًا، وبلغ حجم المجموعة التجريبية (18) طالبة وطالبة، كما بلغ حجم المجموعة الضابطة (16) طالبًا وطالبة ، أظهرت النتائج وجود أثر لاستخدام استراتيجية كرة الثلج على مهارات القراءة السريعة مجتمعة وعلى المهارات ذاتها بشكل منفرد، وتراوح حجم الأثر (16.3-33.5%).
الكلمات المفتاحية: استراتيجية كرة الثلج، السرعة القرائية، الصف الثالث الأساسي.
نفقة المعتدة دراسة فقهية مقارنة مع قانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني رقم (36) لعام (2010م)
Authors: الجبالي د. محمد 
Published: September 2022

في هذا البحث نقل وتحرير ومناقشة لأقوال الفقهاء في نفقة المعتدّة من الطلاق أو الوفاة، إلى جانب مسائل ذات صلة، مثل نفقة الحمل في حال وجوده، وكيفية دفع النفقة، وغير ذلك من المسائل المهمة، مع المقارنة بالموادّ ذات الصلة في قانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني، بهدف الإطلال على مستندات القانون في المدوّنة الفقهية التراثيّة، وبيان مواطن الاتفاق والاختلاف في المسائل المشار إليها، وقد سلك الباحث الطريق المعتاد في نقل الأقوال وتوثيقها ومناقشتها والموازنة بينها بهدف الترجيح، إذ خلص الباحث إلى أنّ قانون الأحوال الشخصية الأردني في المسألة المشار إليها قد جاء منسجمًا مع منهج الترجيح والاختيار وفق القواعد الأصوليّة والمقاصديّة، وكذلك متّسقًا مع المنهج المعلَن لاستقاء القانون من مصادر الفقه الإسلامي.
الكلمات المفتاحية: نفقة، عدة، قانون الأحوال الشخصية.
The Impact of the Customary on Achieving the Definition of Receivable and its Applications in the Contemporary Financial Transactions
Authors: محمود أحمد الطرايرة د. محمد 
Published: September 2022

Praise be to Allah, and may peace and prayers be upon his Prophet Mohammed,
This research is entitled " The Impact of the Customary on Achieving the Definition of Receivable and its Applications in the Contemporary Financial Transactions". The Researcher sheds the light on three major points; the concept of customary and its authority and conditions of consideration, the receivable concept and its procedure and impact in contracts, and the impact of customary in achieving the definition of recievable and its applications in the contemporary financial transactions.
This research aims to discover to what limit the receivable is based onto the customary, and apply this on many applications that are conducted by the Islamic banking corporations in order to investigate whether there is customary involved in this matter.
The Researcher concluded that there are transactions in which would be appropriate to involve receivable. The customary leads to accomplish it with the existence of its effects. Also, there are transactions need a jurisprudential and scientific control closer to the established regulations.
The research included conclusion and indexes.
Keywords: arrest, custom, financial transactions, jurisprudence, jurisprudence.
درجة ممارسة المفتشين التربويين مهارات إدارة الموارد البشرية لدى في المجتمع العربي داخل الخط الأخضر في ضوء معايير الجودة
Authors: حسين عصفور سهيلة 
Published: September 2022

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى درجة ممارسة مهارات إدارة الموارد البشرية لدى المفتشين التربويين في المجتمع العربي داخل الخط الأخضر في ضوء معايير الجودة. تكونت عينة الدراسة من (165) مديرًا ومديرة، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة، و(72) مفتشًا ومفتشةً تربوية تم اختيارهم بأسلوب (الحصر الشامل) المسح الشامل. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم تطوير استبانة لقياس درجة ممارسة المفتشين التربويين مهارات إدارة الموارد البشرية وتكونت من (35) فقرة، واعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي المسحي. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أنَّ درجة ممارسة المفتشين التربويين في المجتمع العربي في لواء الشمال داخل الخط الأخضر مهارات إدارة الموارد البشرية جاءت بدرجة (كبيرة)، وأشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى الدلالة الإحصائية (α=0.05) في تقديرات أفراد عينة الدراسة لدرجة ممارسة المفتشين التربويين في المجتمع العربي في لواء الشمال داخل الخط الأخضر مهارات إدارة الموارد البشرية يعزى لمتغير (الجنس)، لصالح الإناث مقارنة بالذكور. ولم تظهر النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في تقديرات أفراد عينة الدراسة لدرجة ممارسة المفتشين التربويين مهارات إدارة الموارد البشرية تُعزى لمتغيري الدراسة (المؤهل العلمي، والمسمى الوظيفي).
الكلمات الدالة: درجة الممارسة، المفتش التربوي، مهارات إدارة الموارد البشرية، معايير الجودة.