bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of hybrid nanofluids behavior and entropy generation during the cooling of an electronic chip using the Lagrangian–Eulerian approach
Authors: Korei Zakaria , Louali Khaoula 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA numerical study is performed to predict the behavior of hybrid nanofluids and entropy generation in a cooling application problem using the Lagrangian–Eulerian approach. The equations governing the continuous phase (base fluid) were solved using the finite volume technique, while the discrete phase (nanoparticles) was tracked using the force balance equation of particles. The interaction between the base fluid and the nanoparticles was considered. Brownian motion and the thermophoresis effect have been included in the solver specifications. In the first step, the numerical procedure using the discrete phase model (DPM) has been thoroughly validated with previous published numerical data, and a good agreement has been achieved. After that, various parameters are adopted by varying nanoparticles' diameter (dp), volume fraction (ϕ), and Reynolds number (Re). Their imprints have been highlighted on isotherms, streamlines, Nusselt numbers, entropy generations (Sg), and Bejan numbers (Be). It is found that the entropy generation is more pronounced at the electronic chip corners. Heat transfer is enhanced, and entropy generation increases when the solid volume fraction and Reynolds number grow. However, the Nusselt number and irreversibility decrease when increasing the nanoparticle diameter. In addition, the results substantiate that the thermal entropy generation prevails over the friction entropy generation, resulting in high values of the Bejan number. Finally, variations in the distribution of isotherms, streamlines, and local entropy generation are noted between the DPM and single‐phase model (SPM) approaches. Also, the average Nusselt number is higher in SPM than in the DPM approach, but the opposite is observed for the entropy generation and the Bejan number.
Interpretable ensemble deep learning model for early detection of Alzheimer's disease using local interpretable model‐agnostic explanations
Authors: Aghaei Atefe , Ebrahimi Moghaddam Mohsen , Malek Hamed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractEarly diagnosis of Alzheimer's is crucial to slow the progression of the disease. In this regard, there are many attempts to detect this disease at the early stages using AI techniques such as deep learning. We have proposed an explainable method to solve the early‐stage detection of Alzheimer's using transfer learning as a well‐known approach when there is not enough data. The employed transfer learning method is a combination of fine‐tuned ResNet‐50 and Inception‐V3 with Soft‐max and SVM classifiers using averaging. Moreover, local interpretable model‐agnostic explanations (LIME) are used to show the explainability of the proposed method. The AUC, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity on structural MRI data of 100 MCI patients were 0.94, 87%, 92%, and 82%, respectively. Also, the LIME results were subjectively evaluated. The results showed the proposed method outperformed some related works. In addition, LIME technique make model more reliable to identify the parts involved in the patient's brain.
Teaching While Becoming: The Transnational Expertise of a Korean Immigrant Youth‐Educator
Authors: Kwon Jungmin , Sun Wenyang , Rheem Christine Seon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImmigrant youth accumulate expansive linguistic, cultural, and experiential knowledge through their border‐crossing experiences. These transnational funds of knowledge accompany immigrant youth as they enter various literacy development contexts, including community‐based heritage language (HL) schools. This ethnographic case study focuses on a 15‐year‐old Korean American female student and the ways she sustains her HL by maintaining her transnational connections. This study also highlights how the focal youth passes down her multilingual and transnational expertise to younger generations by fostering the children's HL literacy and teaching them culture through her transnational experiences. The study demonstrates the importance of recognizing immigrant youth's transnational experiences as curricular resources and creating opportunities for them to mentor and teach young children as youth‐educators. Additionally, this study shows that youth should be involved in designing culturally sustaining HL curriculum to help support the HL and literacy learning of children and youth from immigrant families.
The SHARK integral generation and digestion system
Authors: Neese Frank 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, the SHARK integral generation and digestion engine is described. In essence, SHARK is based on a reformulation of the popular McMurchie/Davidson approach to molecular integrals. This reformulation leads to an efficient algorithm that is driven by BLAS level 3 operations. The algorithm is particularly efficient for high angular momentum basis functions (up to L = 7 is available by default, but the algorithm is programmed for arbitrary angular momenta). SHARK features a significant number of specific programming constructs that are designed to greatly simplify the workflow in quantum chemical program development and avoid undesirable code duplication to the largest possible extent. SHARK can handle segmented, generally and partially generally contracted basis sets. It can be used to generate a host of one‐ and two‐electron integrals over various kernels including, two‐, three‐, and four‐index repulsion integrals, integrals over Gauge Including Atomic Orbitals (GIAOs), relativistic integrals and integrals featuring a finite nucleus model. SHARK provides routines to evaluate Fock like matrices, generate integral transformations and related tasks. SHARK is the essential engine inside the ORCA package that drives essentially all tasks that are related to integrals over basis functions in version ORCA 5.0 and higher. Since the core of SHARK is based on low‐level basic linear algebra (BLAS) operations, it is expected to not only perform well on present day but also on future hardware provided that the hardware manufacturer provides a properly optimized BLAS library for matrix and vector operations. Representative timings and comparisons to the Libint library used by ORCA are reported for Intel i9 and Apple M1 max processors.
Towards a transferable nonelectrostatic model for continuum solvation: The electrostatic and nonelectrostatic energy correction model
Authors: Vassetti Dario , Labat Frédéric 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this work, we introduce an electrostatic and non‐electrostatic (ENE) correction to the solvation energy based on the Solvent‐Accessible Surface Area (SASA) of the solute and the solvent static dielectric constant. The proposed correction was developed for neutral solutes in non‐aqueous solvents, considering three different implicit solvation models based on a Self‐Consistent Reaction Field treatment of solute‐solvent mutual polarization using an Apparent Surface Charge formalism, namely the Integral Equation Formalism of the Polarizable Continuum Model using a continuous surface charge scheme (PCM), the Solvation Model based on solute electron density (SMD), and the generalized Finite‐Difference Poisson‐Boltzmann (FDPB) model. The proposed correction was parametrized on a diverse training set of 4980 solvation data from the Solv@tum database of experimental solvation energies, and validated on the non‐aqueous subset of the MNSOL database comprising 2140 solvation energies. The performances of the proposed ENE models with minimal and extended parameters formulations have been analyzed and the latter variant has been further compared to the widely used Cavity, Dispersion, and Solvent structural effects (CDS) non‐electrostatic model originally developed for the SMx family of implicit solvation models. Overall, a very good agreement between the computed solvation energies with the ENE correction and the reference experimental data has been found on both the training and test sets for all continuum solvation models considered. Furthermore, results for the ENE correction are on par with the reference CDS non‐electrostatic model for both SMD and FDPB electrostatics, but with the advantage of using a lower number of parameters and thus an improved transferability between different electrostatics treatments.
The Impact of Suboptimal 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Cholecalciferol Replacement on the Pharmacokinetics of Oral Midazolam in Control Subjects and Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Tuey Stacey M. , Prebehalla Linda , Roque Amandla‐Atilano , Roda Gavriel , Chonchol Michel B. , Shah Nirav , Wempe Michael F. , Hu Yichun , Hogan Susan L. , Nolin Thomas D. , Joy Melanie S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of suboptimal 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐VitD) and cholecalciferol (VitD3) supplementation on the pharmacokinetics of oral midazolam (MDZ) in control subjects and subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Subjects with CKD (n = 14) and controls (n = 5) with suboptimal 25‐VitD levels (<30 ng/mL) were enrolled in a 2‐phase study. In phase 1 (suboptimal), subjects were administered a single oral dose of VitD3 (5000 IU) and MDZ (2 mg). In phase 2 (replete) subjects who achieved 25‐VitD repletion after receiving up to 16 weeks of daily cholecalciferol were given the identical single oral doses of VitD3 and MDZ as in phase 1. Concentrations of MDZ and metabolites, 1′‐hydroxymidazolam (1′‐OHMDZ), and 1′‐OHMDZ glucuronide (1′‐OHMDZ‐G) were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. Under suboptimal 25‐VitD, reductions in MDZ clearance and renal clearance of 47% and 87%, respectively, and a 72% reduction in renal clearance of 1′‐OHMDZ‐G were observed in CKD vs controls. In phase 1 versus phase 2, MDZ clearance increased in all control subjects, with a median (interquartile range) increase of 10.5 (0.62‐16.7) L/h. No changes in MDZ pharmacokinetics were observed in subjects with CKD between phases 1 and 2. The effects of 25‐VitD repletion on MDZ disposition was largely observed in subjects without kidney disease. Impaired MDZ metabolism and/or excretion alterations due to CKD in a suboptimal 25‐VitD state may not be reversed by cholecalciferol therapy. Suboptimal 25‐VitD may augment the reductions in MDZ and 1′‐OHMDZ‐G clearance values observed in patients with CKD.
Control and adaptability of seasonal changes in behavior and physiology of latitudinal avian migrants: Insights from laboratory studies in Palearctic‐Indian migratory buntings
Authors: Sharma Aakansha , Tripathi Vatsala , Kumar Vinod 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTwice‐a‐year migrations, one in autumn and the other in spring, occur within a discrete time window with striking alterations in the behavior and physiology, as regulated by the interaction of endogenous rhythms with prevailing photoperiod. These seasonal voyages are not isolated events; rather, they are part of an overall annual itinerary and remain closely coupled to the other annual subcycles, called seasonal life history states (LHSs). The success of migration depends on appropriate timing of the initiation and termination of each LHS, for example, reproduction, molt, summer nonmigratory, preautumn migratory (fattening and weight gain), autumn migratory, winter nonmigratory (wnM), prevernal (spring) migratory (fattening and weight gain), and spring migratory LHSs. Migration‐linked photoperiod‐induced changes include the body fattening and weight gain, nocturnalZugunruhe(migratory restlessness), elevated triglycerides and free fatty acids, triiodothyronine and corticosterone levels. Hypothalamic expression of the thyroid hormone‐responsivedio2anddio3, light‐responsiveper2,cry1, andadcyap1andth(tyrosine hydroxylase, involved in dopamine biosynthesis) genes also show significant changes with transition from wnM to the vernal migratory LHS. Concurrent changes in the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and its transport also occur in the liver and flight muscles, respectively. Interestingly, there are clear differences in the behavioral and physiological phenotypes, and associated molecular changes, between the autumn and vernal migrations. In this review, we discuss seasonal changes in the behavior and physiology, and present molecular insights into the development of migratory phenotypes in latitudinal avian migrants, with special reference to Palearctic‐Indian migratory buntings.
Future counselors’ voices: A qualitative investigation of microaggression training
Authors: Dunn Marianne , Chambers Carissa , Cho Jihee , Cheng Min 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe present study is a qualitative investigation of the voices of counseling graduate trainees (n = 76) in response to a multicultural competence training on racial microaggressions. The didactic and experiential training included readings, lecture, videos, large and small group discussions, and skills practice sessions. Upon completion of the training, trainees in individual and group counseling skills classes responded to open‐ended questions in journals. These journals were subsequently analyzed using consensual qualitative research‐modified, and responses were examined according to race/ethnicity (i.e., trainees of color vs. White trainees). Four primary domains emerged from the analysis: difficult, most and least helpful aspects of training, and racial‐cultural identity influences on training. Recommendations for future training are presented, along with salient patterns that emerged from the voices of trainees of color and White trainees.
SARS‐CoV‐2 and mutation RT‐qPCR test positivity correlation with ABO and Rh blood types
Authors: Gürer Giray Burcu , Güven Açık Gökçe 
Published: June 2022

AbstractStudies show that there may be a relationship between ABO blood type and SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission. It was aimed to determine by investigating the blood type of patients whose one‐step reverse transcription and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) test were positive for SARS‐CoV‐2. ABO and Rh blood types of individuals whose RT‐qPCR test was positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 were examined and an evaluation was made to identify whether there was a relationship between them or not. The blood type data of 44.928 SARS‐CoV‐2 positive RT‐qPCR test results have been obtained. 17.656 (39.29%) were delta, 8048 (17.91%) were alpha, 800 (1.78%) were beta, and 3000 (6.67%) were omicrons while 15.424 (34.33%) SARS‐CoV‐2 positive mutation was found to be negative. Our study suggests that O and Rh (−) blood types may provide protection against delta, AB and Rh (+) blood types may hinder omicron infection while A and Rh (+) blood types may be more vulnerable to alpha and delta while B and Rh (+) are more sensitive to beta mutation. The molecular mechanism underlying the relationship between blood types and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection needs further molecular studies and multi‐centered studies.
The role of stress mindsets and coping in improving the personal growth, engagement, and health of small business owners
Authors: Paustian‐Underdahl Samantha C. , Palmer Joshua C. , Halliday Cynthia Saldanha , Blass Fred R. 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on small businesses and nonprofit organizations worldwide, resulting in rising stress and worry for many small business owners. While stress is typically considered to be harmful to health and well‐being, recent work suggests that improving one's mindset about the benefits of stress can help one to respond to stress more effectively. In the current study, we use a preintervention and postintervention design and latent change score analysis to examine the impact of changing one's stress mindset on changes in personal growth, engagement, and health among small business owners—via changes in coping behaviors. Further, we examine how the perceived likelihood of needing to permanently close one's business may strengthen the effects of changing one's stress mindset on changes in approach and avoidance coping, and subsequent outcomes. In doing so, we begin to uncover the theoretical mechanisms underlying how having a stress‐is‐enhancing mindset can bring about changes in personal growth, engagement, and health. We also incorporate qualitative data to better contextualize the stress and coping‐related attitudes and behaviors of small business owners during the pandemic. This work has significant practical implications for small business owners and others experiencing work‐related stressors.
Characterization of unifloral Italian (Piedmont region) honeys by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Bonometti Elisabetta , Giordana Alessia , Operti Lorenza , Rabezzana Roberto , Turco Francesca , Volpi Giorgio 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe characterization of five different types of Italian unifloral honeys was performed by means of headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The main volatile compounds of the honeys were identified and semi‐quantified. Pattern recognition methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and k‐nearest neighbors (k‐NN) were performed to classify honey samples with different botanical origins, and identify the most discriminating parameters.ResultsMore than 100 of compounds were unambiguously identified in the honeys sampled. Methyl salicylate was present in honeydew honeys only, and this permitted to differentiate this kind of honeys from the others. Dandelion honeys featured high levels of nitriles, while lime tree honeys displayed the presence of carvacrol and of the terpenes cis and trans‐p‐mentha‐2,8‐dien‐1‐ol. Acacia honeys did not display potential chemical markers but were characterized by low levels of benzaldehyde and high levels of cis‐linalool oxide. Chestnut and rhododendron honeys did not show a volatile profile markedly different from those of other honeys. Application of PCA and k‐NN methods did not allow a complete classification of honeys of different botanical origin on the basis of their volatile profile.ConclusionUnifloral honeys from Piedmont (Italy) displays a rich and variegate profile of volatile compounds, some of which are candidates as markers. Nonetheless, to classify honeys, further studies are necessary likely comprising a larger set of samples and the determination of different chemical parameters in conjunction with volatile compounds.
Preparation, structural characteristics, and application of taro polysaccharides in food
Authors: Zhang Wenting , Huang Gangliang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTaro, a staple food for residents in Africa and parts of Asia, is an important source of carbohydrate. China has abundant taro resources. Taro contains polysaccharide, vitamins, minerals and other substances. Taro polysaccharides, as a significant active ingredient in taro, are mainly composed of monosaccharide units such as glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, and so on. Taro polysaccharides have antioxidant, lipid‐lowering, and immunomodulatory effects. In today's world, people are interested in food containing natural ingredients, which stimulates the potential of taro polysaccharides in the food, pharmaceutical, medical, and other fields. Herein, the extraction and purification, structural characterization, functional activity, and application of taro polysaccharides are reviewed to strengthen the cognition of taro polysaccharides. It provides references for further research and development of taro polysaccharides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Long‐term outcomes of arterial ischemia or venous occlusion on vascularized groin lymph nodes in a rat model
Authors: Yang Chin‐Yu , Tinhofer Ines E. , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the long‐term effects of arterial ischemia and venous occlusion on lymph node drainage function in a rat model.MethodsBilateral groin lymph node flaps of 18 Lewis rats were dissected. The pedicle artery was clamped for 4, 5, and 6 h (A4, A5, and A6 groups), and the vein for 3, 4, and 5 h (V3, V4, and V5 groups) in six flaps. At 4 weeks, the evaluations included gross morphomics, indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography, histological section, immunofluorescence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assay, and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) stain.ResultsThe lymph node flaps developed shrinkage and partial necrosis in A5, A6, V4, and V5 groups. Hemorrhage in the lymph node cortex and medulla was observed histologically in A5, A6, and V5 groups. ICG lymphography showed loss of lymphatic drainage function in 2 of 6 flaps in A6 and V5 groups. Cell death was shown partly in cortical follicles in A5 and V4 groups and completely in A6 and V5 groups. The HO‐1 expression was statistically increased in A5 and V5 groups, respectively (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe critical arterial ischemia and venous occlusion time were 4 h at 4 weeks of follow‐up.
Room Temperature Fluorescence Blinking in MoS2 Atomic Layers by Single Photon Energy Transfer
Authors: He Mai , Ge Cuihuan , Braun Kai , Huang Lanyu , Yang Xin , Zhao Hepeng , Meixner Alfred J. , Wang Xiao , Pan Anlian 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe quantum optical phenomena, such as single‐photon emission, in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have triggered extensive research on 2D material‐based quantum optics and devices. By far, most reported quantum optical emissions in TMDCs are based on atomic defects or the local confinement of excitons. In contrast, energy transfer between two materials could also manipulate the photon emission behaviors in materials, even at the single‐photon level. Here, fluorescence blinking from MoS2 atomic layers in quantum dot (QD)/MoS2 hybrid heterostructure at room temperature is reported. The single‐photon nature of the QDs in heterostructures by second‐order photon correlation measurements is demonstrated. Based on the transient PL spectroscopy and PL time trajectories, the fluorescence blinking behavior in MoS2 is attributed to the single‐photon energy transfer from QD to MoS2. This work could open the possibility to achieve correlated quantum emitters in TMDCs at room temperature.
Injectable and Self‐Healing Polysaccharide Hydrogel Loading Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoflakes for Synergistic Photothermal‐Photodynamic Therapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Qi Yujie , Yuan Yifeng , Qian Zhiyi , Ma Xiaodie , Yuan Weizhong , Song Ye 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn order to overcome the limitation of traditional therapies for cancer and improve the accuracy of treatment, more advantageous cancer treatment methods need to be explored and studied. As a result, photothermal photodynamic therapy of breast cancer using bovine serum albumin (BSA) modifies molybdenum disulfide nanoflakes. Then the well‐dispersed BSA‐MoS2 NFs are loaded in the injectable and self‐healing polysaccharide hydrogel which is prepared by the reaction of oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) and hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS) through the formation of Schiff base bonds. The injection and self‐healing properties of the nanocomposite hydrogel are investigated. In vitro photothermal and photodynamic investigations demonstrate that BSA‐MoS2 NFs possess obvious photothermal conversion and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the irradiation of near infrared (NIR) laser (808 nm). In vivo anticancer investigation indicates that the nanocomposite hydrogel can be directly injected and remain in the tumor sites and achieve the synergistic photothermal‐photodynamic therapy of cancer.