bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Built from the internet up’: assessing citizen participation in smart city planning through the case study of Quayside, Toronto
Authors: Chantry Will 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCitizen participation in smart cities has come under ever more scrutiny in recent years. Whilst smart city projects across the world have proclaimed themselves as citizen-centric, scholars have found that these claims are still framed within a neoliberal, post-political conception of citizenship, whereby citizens are afforded little agency. In evaluating such projects and in aid of developing a better understanding of the citizen’s role in smart cities, scholars have developed various heuristics. This paper aims to further both empirical and theoretical developments in the field to evaluate citizen participation in Quayside, Toronto’s first smart city neighbourhood, using Cardullo and Kitchin’s Scaffold of Smart Citizen Participation. A document analysis of seventeen citizen engagement summary reports and advertisements, corresponding to eight citizen engagement initiatives, has revealed that the quality of citizen participation varied substantially according to individual initiatives in Quayside. It was also discovered that Cardullo and Kitchin’s scaffold was ineffective at capturing the complexity of citizen engagement in smart city planning. In light of this, a new heuristic which assesses the post-political spaces of citizen engagement has been developed. This heuristic can provide a productive foundation for further research in the field.
Landscaping the Behavioural Ecology of Primate Stone Tool Use
Authors: Almeida-Warren Katarina , Camara Henry Didier , Matsuzawa Tetsuro , Carvalho Susana 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEcology is fundamental in the development, transmission, and perpetuity of primate technology. Previous studies on tool site selection have addressed the relevance of targeted resources and raw materials for tools, but few have considered the broader foraging landscape. In this landscape-scale study of the ecological contexts of wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) tool use, we investigated the conditions required for nut-cracking to occur and persist in discrete locations at the long-term field site of Bossou, Guinea. We examined this at three levels: selection, frequency of use, and inactivity. We collected data on plant foods, nut trees, and raw materials using transect and quadrat methods, and conducted forest-wide surveys to map the location of nests and watercourses. We analysed data at the quadrat level (n = 82) using generalised linear models and descriptive statistics. We found that, further to the presence of a nut tree and availability of raw materials, abundance of food-providing trees as well as proximity to nest sites were significant predictors of nut-cracking occurrence. This suggests that the spatial distribution of nut-cracking sites is mediated by the broader behavioural landscape and is influenced by non-extractive foraging of perennial resources and non-foraging activities. Additionally, the number of functional tools was greater at sites with higher nut-cracking frequency, and was negatively correlated with site inactivity. Our research indicates that the technological landscape of Bossou chimpanzees shares affinities with the ‘favoured places’ model of hominin site formation, providing a comparative framework for reconstructing landscape-scale patterns of ancient human behaviour. A French translation of this abstract is provided in theelectronic supplementary information: EMS 2.
The Critically Endangered Hainan Gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) Population Increases but not at the Maximum Possible Rate
Authors: Liu Guioqi , Lu Xueli , Liu Zhao , Xie Zhi , Qi Xuming , Zhou Jiang , Hong Xiaojiang , Mo Yanni , Chan Bosco P. L. , Chapman Colin A. , Jiang Zhigang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWith the ongoing global biodiversity crisis in the Anthropocene, it is critical to understand how to save endangered species to “bend the curve” of biodiversity decline. The Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) is a Critically Endangered species that is endemic to Hainan Island. We performed two synchronized total count surveys in Hainan Tropic Rain Forest National Park in November and December of 2020 and 2021 by locating gibbon groups from their morning calls and conducting detailed counts in all potential habitat fragments. We compared our findings with existing data to model the population trend, and analyzed the potential and realized reproductive potentials. We found 5 groups with a total of 33 gibbons in 2020 and 35 in 2021, including 4 and 6 solitary individuals respectively. This is an increase of 169% since 2003, when there were 13 individuals with 2 groups and 2 solitary individuals. Logistic and linear curves fitted the 2003-2021 population census data equally well. Although the population is growing, it has not realized its full reproductive potential (when all adult females give births at 24-month intervals), suggesting that external factors like available habitat, as well as nutritional, physiological, and behavioral factors may be limiting the population. The gibbon’s recovery demonstrates that establishing a nature reserve with regular patrols, banning logging, curbing poaching, and environmental education have been effective. Because the Hainan gibbon population is still extremely small, carefully planned conservation actions, including an ambitious forest restoration program, will be needed to ensure the species’ continued survival.
Hegemonic masculinity, sexism, homophobia, and perceived discrimination in traditionally male-dominated fields of study: A study in Swiss vocational upper-secondary schools
Authors: Blondé Jérôme , Gianettoni Lavinia , Gross Dinah , Guilley Edith 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The current research investigated the endorsement of hegemonic masculinity, sexism, and homophobia, and the perceptions of discrimination, among samples of heterosexual male and female, and LGB students who had entered into traditionally male-dominated and female-dominated fields of study. Specifically, students from vocational and educational training in Swiss upper-secondary schools were recruited. Results revealed that adherence to hegemonic masculinity, sexism, and homophobia is higher in male-dominated fields of study (vs. female-dominated). Furthermore, heterosexual female and LGB students enrolled in male-dominated fields of study have been found to experience and anticipate more discrimination than heterosexual male students. Implications of these results are discussed.
Adapting routines in schools when facing challenging situations: Extending previous theories on routines by considering theories on self-regulated and collectively regulated learning
Authors: Maag Merki Katharina , Wullschleger Andrea , Rechsteiner Beat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRoutines play a major role in educational change in schools. But what happens if the routines performed by school staff fail to deal successfully with current challenges? What strategies aid adaptation of the routines in a specific situation? Up to now, there exists no comprehensive concept for understanding why and at what points the adapting of routines in schools in a specific situation takes a favorable or unfavorable direction. To address this gap, we propose extending theories on routines by considering theories on self-regulated and collectively regulated learning. We consider these theories to be a beneficial complement because of their broad theoretical, methodological, and empirical research base. We argue that these theories enhance the understanding of adapting routines to specific challenging situations in schools. We present a newly developed theoretical framework for dealing with specific challenging situations in schools as an interplay between routines and regulation processes. Finally, important research questions regarding the suggested approach are discussed.
Grass and ground dwelling beetle community responses to holistic and wildlife grazing management using a cross-fence comparison in Western Kalahari rangeland, Namibia
Authors: Reinhard Johanna E. , Geissler Katja , Blaum Niels 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Savannahs are often branded by livestock grazing with resulting land degradation. Holistic management of livestock was proposed to contribute to biodiversity conservation by simulating native wildlife grazing behaviour. This study attempts the comparison of the impact of a holistic management regime to a wildlife grazing management regime on grass and ground-dwelling beetle species diversity on neighboring farms in Namibian rangeland. Results show that the response of biodiversity in species richness and composition to holistic management of livestock differs substantially from wildlife grazing with a positive impact. From a total of 39 identified species of ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae, Carabidae) from 29 genera, eight species were found to be indicators for holistic management of livestock and three were found to be indicators for wildlife grazed rangeland. Observations suggest that holistic management of livestock may contribute to biodiversity conservation, but the differential effect of grazing management on species assemblages suggests that livestock grazing cannot replace native wildlife herbivory.

Implications for insect conservation
An adaptive management strategy such as holistic management used in this study shows the potential to support high beetle biodiversity. Holistic management of livestock thus aspects in favour for a sustainable form of grazing management for insect conservation even though it does not functionally replace grazing by native wildlife.
Nanoarchitectonics of (110) directed polyethylene glycol stabilized cerium nanoparticles for UV filtering applications
Authors: Rehman Yaser , Qutaish Hamzeh , Kim Jung Ho , Huang Xu-Feng , Konstantinov Konstantin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe use of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in ultraviolet (UV) filters can cause serious health issues due to their genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effect. Recent research on cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles has demonstrated their biocompatible nature, excellent antioxidant and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption properties. CeO2-based nanocomposite materials or nano-architectures can offer uniform absorptive properties, therapeutic skin effect and easy skin application. In this study, cerium oxide-polyethylene glycol (CeO2-PEG) nano-architecture was prepared by hydrothermal processing with the aim to improve stability, antioxidant properties, and enhance UV absorption for UV filtering applications. The morphology study of the developed nanocomposite revealed the formation of polymer bands with well-dispersed CeO2 nanoparticles. The nanocomposite structure has exhibited excellent UV absorption in the UV range 200–400 nm due to decrease in optical band gap in comparison to the naked CeO2 NPs. The evaluation of the photocatalytic activity (PCA) of the nanocomposite structure against P25 photocatalyst and ZnO nanoparticles showed no dye (crystal violet) degradation on UV irradiation. Hence, PCA assay verified the absence of ROS generation and increased stability of the nanostructure under UV irradiation. The investigation of antioxidant properties of the Ce-PEG nanocomposite by a dichlorofluorescein (DCF)-based assay revealed sufficient intracellular ROS scavenging in comparison to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and H2O2 only assays. In vitro toxicity evaluation of Ce-PEG nanocomposite towards non-malignant human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) revealed a non-significant cell mortality ~ 10% of control at a dosage of 50 mg L−1. The nanocomposite structure also exhibited excellent UV protection for HaCaT cells under UV irradiation conditions compared to P25. Our findings suggest that the developed nanocomposite combined the antioxidant and UV absorption properties of CeO2 and skin emollient role of (PEG), and hence offered a novel biocompatible and multifunctional structure for sunscreens and therapeutic skin product.
Graphical abstract
A Gradient Flow Equation for Optimal Control Problems With End-point Cost
Authors: Scagliotti A. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a control system of the form $\dot x = F(x)u$

x

̇

=
F
(
x
)
u
, linear in the control variable u. Given a fixed starting point, we study a finite-horizon optimal control problem, where we want to minimize a weighted sum of an end-point cost and the squared 2-norm of the control. This functional induces a gradient flow on the Hilbert space of admissible controls, and we prove a convergence result by means of the Lojasiewicz-Simon inequality. Finally, we show that, if we let the weight of the end-point cost tend to infinity, the resulting family of functionals is Γ-convergent, and it turns out that the limiting problem consists in joining the starting point and a minimizer of the end-point cost with a horizontal length-minimizer path.
ATHENA X-IFU Demonstration Model: First Joint Operation of the Main TES Array and its Cryogenic AntiCoincidence Detector (CryoAC)
Authors: D’Andrea M. , Ravensberg K. , Argan A. , Brienza D. , Lotti S. , Macculi C. , Minervini G. , Piro L. , Torrioli G. , Chiarello F. , Ferrari Barusso L. , Biasotti M. , Gallucci G. , Gatti F. , Rigano M. , Akamatsu H. , Dercksen J. , Gottardi L. , de Groote F. , den Hartog R. , den Herder J.-W. , Hoogeveen R. , Jackson B. , McCalden A. , Rosman S. , Taralli E. , Vaccaro D. , de Wit M. , Chervenak J. , Smith S. , Wakeham N. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe X-IFU is the cryogenic spectrometer onboard the future ATHENA X-ray observatory. It is based on a large array of TES microcalorimeters, which work in combination with a Cryogenic AntiCoincidence detector (CryoAC). This is necessary to reduce the particle background level thus enabling part of the mission science goals. Here we present the first joint test of X-IFU TES array and CryoAC Demonstration Models, performed in a FDM setup. We show that it is possible to operate properly both detectors, and we provide a preliminary demonstration of the anti-coincidence capability of the system achieved by the simultaneous detection of cosmic muons.
Conservation Properties of Iterative Methods for Implicit Discretizations of Conservation Laws
Authors: Birken Philipp , Linders Viktor 
Published: July 2022

AbstractConservation properties of iterative methods applied to implicit finite volume discretizations of nonlinear conservation laws are analyzed. It is shown that any consistent multistep or Runge-Kutta method is globally conservative. Further, it is shown that Newton’s method, Krylov subspace methods and pseudo-time iterations are globally conservative while the Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel methods are not in general. If pseudo-time iterations using an explicit Runge-Kutta method are applied to a locally conservative discretization, then the resulting scheme is also locally conservative. However, the corresponding numerical flux can be inconsistent with the conservation law. We prove an extension of the Lax-Wendroff theorem, which reveals that numerical solutions based on these methods converge to weak solutions of a modified conservation law where the flux function is multiplied by a particular constant. This constant depends on the choice of Runge-Kutta method but is independent of both the conservation law and the discretization. Consistency is maintained by ensuring that this constant equals unity and a strategy for achieving this is presented. Simulations show that this strategy improves the convergence rate of the pseudo-time iterations. Experiments with GMRES suggest that it also suffers from inconsistency but that this is automatically accounted for after some finite number of iterations. Similar experiments with coarse grid corrections based on agglomeration indicate no inconsistency.
HRSA-Funded MCH Pipeline Training Program: Advancing the MCH Pipeline and Workforce Through Research Collaborations
Authors: Olaleye Omonike A. , Dongarwar Deepa , Salihu Hamisu M. , Adu-Gyamfi Sylvia , Kaur Manvir , Egbejimi Anuoluwapo , Moerchen Victoria A. , Belcher Harolyn M. E. , Holmes Faye , Kuo Alice , Copeland-Linder Nikeea , Noble Charlotte A. , Vamos Cheryl A. , Waters Catrina R. , Brown Claudia M. , Reddy Madhavi M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Presently, there are six undergraduate HRSA-funded MCH pipeline training programs (MCHPTP) in the nation and they have gained significant momentum since inception by recruiting, training and mentoring undergraduate students in a comprehensive MCH-focused approach. This article describes the outcomes from the 6 training programs; and primarily Baylor College of Medicine–Texas Southern University (BCM–TSU’s) collaborative strategy focusing on the MCH research training and outcomes, which align with HRSA’s MCH bureau’s missions.

Description
Each MCHPTP offers trainees interdisciplinary MCH research experiences through intra/inter-institutional collaborations and partnerships, but BCM–TSU’s MCHPTP was the only one with the primary focus to be research. As a case study, the BCM–TSU Program developed an innovative research curriculum integrated with MCH Foundations Course that comprised 2 hour weekly meetings. Students were split into collaborative research groups of 4–5 students, with multidisciplinary peer-mentors, clinical fellows and MCH research faculty from institutions at the world—renowned Texas Medical Center.

Assessment
Since the inception of the MCH mentorship programs, all six MCHPTPs have enrolled up to 1890 trainees and/or interns. BCM–TSU Program trainees are defined as undergraduate students in their 1st or 2nd year of college while research interns are upper classmen in their 3rd or 4th year of college. The case study showed that BCM–TSU Program trainees demonstrated outstanding accomplishments in the area of research through primary and co-authorships of 13 peer-reviewed journal publications by 78 trainees, over a period of 3 years, in addition to dozens of presentations at local, regional and national conferences.

Conclusions
The research productivity of students in the six MCHPTPs is strongly indicative of the success of integrating MCH research mentoring into MCH didactic training. The development of a diverse and robust MCH mentorship program promotes and strengthens research activities in areas of high priority such as addressing health disparities in MCH morbidity and mortality in the U.S.
Properties of EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) Slot Observations
Authors: Young Peter R. , Ugarte-Urra Ignacio 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board the Hinode spacecraft has been operating since 2006, returning high-resolution data in the 170 – 212 and 246 – 292 Å wavelength regions. EIS has four slit options, with the narrow 1′′ and 2′′ slits used for spectroscopy and the wide 40′′ and 266′′ slits used for monochromatic imaging. In this article several properties of the 40′′ slit (or slot) are measured using the Fe xii 195.12 Å line, which is formed at 1.5 MK. The projected width of the slot on the detector shows a small variation along the slit with an average value of 40.949′′. The slot image is tilted on the detector and a quadratic formula is provided to describe the tilt. The tilt corresponds to four pixels on the detector and the slot centroid is offset mostly to the right (longer wavelengths) of the 1′′ slit by up to four pixels. Measurement of the intensity decrease at the edge of the slot leads to an estimate of the spatial resolution of the images in the $x$
x
-direction. The resolution varies quadratically along the slot, with a minimum value of 2.9′′ close to the detector center. Intensities measured from the slot images are found to be on average 14% higher than those measured from the 1′′ slit at the same spatial location. Background subtraction is necessary to derive accurate intensities in quiet-Sun and coronal-hole regions. Prescriptions for deriving accurate slot intensities for different types of slot datasets are presented.
R. Stephen Berry and the Berry pseudorotation
Authors: Hargittai Istvan , Hargittai Balazs 
Published: July 2022

AbstractR. Stephen Berry (1931–2020) was a Harvard-educated American pioneer of molecular structure studies. He is most famous for the phenomenon of Berry pseudorotation and his studies of intramolecular motion and molecular fluxionality. This remembrance focuses on this discovery. He had broad interests in many other aspects of structural chemistry and physical chemistry and also in the economics of energy.
In defence of the modal account of legal risk
Authors: Pritchard Duncan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper offers an articulation and defence of the modal account of legal risk in light of a range of objections that have been proposed against this view in the recent literature. It is argued that these objections all trade on a failure to distinguish between the modal nature of risk more generally, and the application of this modal account to particular decision-making contexts, such as legal contexts, where one must rely on a restricted body of information. It is argued that once the modal account of legal risk is properly understood as involving information-relative judgements about the modal closeness of the target risk event, the objections to the view are neutralized.
Analysis of the isolation valve system in water distribution networks using the segment graph
Authors: Simone A. , Di Cristo C. , Giustolisi O. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe mechanical reliability of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) is a relevant technical and scientific issue. During planned maintenance or unplanned interruptions, the affected area must be isolated by valves shutdown. This operation involves the alteration of the network structure, i.e., the domain of the hydraulic system, and for this reason the isolation valve system plays a central role. Some studies started to consider the presence of the isolation valve system in WDNs reliability analysis.Accordingly, this work uses the Complex Network Theory to analyse the isolation valve system performance and to assess the importance of the segments generated by valves shutdown. Differently from the classic complex network theory approach, in this work the recently proposed WDN-relevance-based betweenness centrality is applied to the segment graph to introduce information about the relevance of the different elements into the network, considering geometric and hydraulic parameters, such as length, demand, risk of disconnection, etc. The proposed strategy also suggests an improvement in the representation of the segment graph with respect to the presence of parallel edges.The strategy is presented using a small network, while it is demonstrated and discussed using a real WDN. The results indicate that the WDN-relevance-based betweenness centrality allows to effectively assess the importance of the segments generated by valves shutdowns, also providing indications to improve the isolation valve system design.