bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptable but not always accessible. Insights into barriers and facilitators in PrEP uptake and use among migrant men and transwomen who have sex with men in Belgium
Authors: Landeghem Ella , Dielen Stef , Semaan Aline , Rotsaert Anke , Vanhamel Jef , Masquillier Caroline , Wouters Edwin , Wouters Kristien , Vuylsteke Bea , Reyniers Thijs , Nöstlinger Christiana 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
PrEP uptake is low among non-Belgian men and transwomen who have sex with men, although the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men in Belgium is diversifying in terms of nationalities and ethnicity. We lack an in-depth understanding of this gap.
Methods
We conducted a qualitative study using a grounded theory approach. The data consists of key informants interviews and in-depth interviews with migrant men or transwomen who have sex with men.
Results
We identified four underlying determinants which shape our participants’ experiences and contextualize the barriers to PrEP use. These include (1) the intersectional identities of being migrant and men and transwomen who have sex with men, (2) migration related stressors, (3) mental health and (4) socio-economic vulnerability. Identified barriers include: the accessibility of services; availability of information, social resources and providers’ attitudes. These barriers influence PrEP acceptance and mediated by indivudal agency this influences their PrEP uptake.
Conclusion
An interplay of several underlying determinants and barriers impacts on PrEP uptake among migrant men and transwomen who have sex with men, illustrating a social gradient in access to PrEP. We need equitable access to the full spectrum of HIV prevention and care for all priority populations, including undocumented migrants. We recommend social and structural conditions that foster exercising these rights, including adapting PrEP service delivery, mental health and social support.
Interconnectivity of fear of progression and generalized anxiety – Network analysis among a sample of hematological cancer survivors
Authors: Göbel Philipp , Kuba Katharina , Götze Heide , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja , Spitzer Carsten , Hartung Tim , Esser Peter 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Cancer is associated with fears related to cancer progression (FoP), but may also result in extensive worries related to all areas of daily life implying symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Specific treatment approaches require proper differential-diagnostic, but relevant research is sparse. We applied network analysis to investigate how symptoms of both concepts are interconnected.
Methods: We used register-data of a sample of hematological cancer survivors. A regularized Gaussian graphical model including symptoms of FoP (FoP-Q) and GAD (GAD-7) was estimated. We investigated (i) the network structure via partial correlations within and between both constructs and (ii) tested hypotheses on symptoms that may be distinct for each construct by testing if these symtpoms have a low bridge expected influence (BEI).
Results: Out of 2001 eligible hematological cancer survivors, 922 (46 %) participated. Mean age was 64 years, 53 % were female. The mean partial correlation within each construct (GAD: r = .13; FoP: r = .07) were greater than between both (r = .01). BEI values among items supposed to discriminate between the constructs (e.g. worry about many things within GAD and fear not to endure treatment within FoP) were among the smallest and thus a-priori hypotheses were largely verified.
Conclusions: Our findings based on network analysis support the hypothesis that FoP and GAD are different concepts within oncology. Our exploratory data need to be validated in future longitudinal studies.
MST1 is a candidate biomarker of mortality of emergency surgical repair for acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: He Xiaohui , Wang Jing , Xue Yuan , Wang Shipan , Dong Yanjun , Zhang Hongjia , Wang Meili 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is a life-threatening pathological change of the aorta. Patients who have undergone aortic surgery are usually at high risk of mortality.
Aim: We investigated the predictive value of serum Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) as a biomarker for the risk of mortality of ATAAD patients.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 160 consecutive ATAAD patients who had undergone emergency surgery from July 2016 to April 2017. Medical records and blood samples were collected and analyzed. ELISA assays were performed to detect the concentrations of several proteins including MST1. The relationship between these potential biomarkers and the primary endpoint of death was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.
Results: Compared with a low level (<1330.8 ng/L), high serum MST1 level (≥1330.8 ng/L) was positively associated with the 30-day mortality (OR=5.233, 95%CI, 1.843-14.862, P<0.01) and retained predictive after adjustment for sex, age, and BMI (OR=4.993, 95% CI, 1.727-14.435, P<0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between MST1 and the 30-day mortality (P<0.01). A pre-existing basic clinical prediction model was improved with the inclusion of preoperative serum MST1. Specifically, the area under the ROC curve for base model (history of cerebrovascular disease, creatinine, time of operation) was 0.708 (95%CI, 0.546-0.836) and markedly increased to 0.823 when taking MST1 into consideration (95%CI, 0.700-0.912, P=0.02).
Conclusion: High preoperative circulating MST1, with a concentration greater than 1330.8 ng/L, was correlated with the 30-day mortality of ATAAD patients who underwent emergency surgery.
Moral conflicts from the justice and care perspectives of Japanese nurses: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Tsunematsu Kayoko , Asai Atsushi , Kadooka Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Healthcare professionals use the ethics of justice and care to construct moral reasoning. These ethics are conflicting in nature; different value systems and orders of justice and care are applied to the cause of actual moral conflict. We aim to clarify the structure and factors of healthcare professionals’ moral conflicts from the lens of justice and care to obtain suggestions for conflict resolutions.
Method: Semi-structured interviews about experiences of moral conflict were conducted with Japanese nurses recruited using the snowball sampling method. Interviews were conducted based on the real-life moral conflict and choice interview. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, then analyzed based on the interpretive method of data analysis. Verbatim transcripts were read four times, first to get an overall sense of the conflict, then to understand the person's thoughts and actions that explain the conflict, and third and fourth to identify perspectives of justice and care, respectively. Each moral perspective was classified into categories according to Chally's taxonomy.
Results: Among 31 responses, two that did not mention moral conflict were excluded, and 29 responses were analyzed. These responses were classified into six cases with conflict between both justice and care perspectives or within one perspective, and into two cases without conflict between perspectives. The “rules” category of justice and the “welfare of others” category of care were included in many cases of conflict between two perspectives, and they frequently occurred in each perspective.
Conclusions: Moral conflicts are intertwined with justice and care perspectives in a complex manner because of the conflict between both perspectives, the conflict within the same perspective, and their overlap. Organizational, professional, and patient-related factors influenced conflicts between justice and care. Additionally, multiple overlapping loyalties created conflicts within justice perspectives, and multifaceted aspects of care-provider’s responsibility and patient need created conflicts within care. Decision-making biased towards one perspective can be distorted. It is important to consider ethical issues from both perspectives to resolve conflicts, especially the effective use of the ethics of care, is recommended.
Kinetically Facilitating Two-electron Oxygen Reduction by the Synergy of Multiple Pyrrolic Nitrogen Sites for Ultra-high-yield Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Peng Wei , Liu Jiaxin , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Liqun , Yin Lichang , Tan Haotian , Hou Feng , Liang Ji 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Electrocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e−-ORR) is a promising alternative to the energy-intensive and high-pollution anthraquinone oxidation process. However, developing advanced electrocatalysts with high H2O2 yield, selectivity, and durability is still challenging, because of the limited quantity and easy passivation of active sites on typical metal-containing catalysts, especially for the state-of-the-art single-atom ones. Addressing this, we herein report a synergy of multiple pyrrolic N sites located on a graphene/mesoporous carbon composite for high-rate and high-efficiency 2e−-ORR catalysis. The coordination of pyrrolic N sites effectively modulates the adsorption configuration of the *OOH species and reduces the reaction barrier for 2e−-ORR, thus providing a kinetically favorable pathway for H2O2 production, as demonstrated by a combined explicit solution model and slow-growth approach investigation. Consequently, a record-high H2O2 yield of up to 30 mol g−1 h−1 has been achieved on this material, together with a satisfactory Faradaic efficiency of 80% and excellent durability, yielding a high H2O2 concentration of 7.2 g L−1. This strategy of manipulating the adsorption configuration of reactants by the synergy of multiple non-metal active sites thus provides a highly efficient and durable metal-free electrocatalyst for 2e−-ORR with high practical feasibility.
Fog-Laden Density Staircases in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Fernando Harindra J.S. , Wang Sen , Huang Kelly Y. , Creegan Ed 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The formation of a layered structure in the form of vertically separated density steps (staircases) in stably stratified fluids has been reported in many laboratory and oceanic studies as well as in the terrestrial atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) to a lesser extent, with attribution to different dynamical mechanisms. This paper presents observations of layered structures in fog-laden marine ABL, where both fog and density steps appear almost simultaneously following a turbulent mixing event under nocturnal conditions. The observations were made during the C-FOG (2018) field campaign aboard a research vessel using rawinsonde launches, aided by a suite of supporting onboard instruments. This is a case of great practical interest because of the impediment by fog-laden staircases to optical and near-infrared wave propagation in the ABL due to enhanced beam jitter by density steps and beam attenuation by fog. A new mechanism is proposed to explain the genesis of density layering, wherein steps appear when fluid parcels with significant buoyancy differences (Δ𝑏) osculate in regions of weak turbulence (local length and velocity scales, 𝐿𝐻 and 𝑢𝐻, respectively) devoid of adequate inertial forces (~ 𝑢𝐻2 /𝐿𝐻) to cause fluid parcels to stir past each other. This is expressed in terms of a local bulk Richardson number criterion 𝑅𝑖= Δ𝑏𝐿𝐻/𝑢𝐻2>𝑅𝑖𝑐, where 𝑅𝑖𝑐 is a critical value. A simple laboratory experiment with an idealized (three layer) density stratification and a known turbulence source (oscillating grid) was performed to demonstrate the proposed mechanism, and through a combination of measurements and modeling it was found 𝑅𝑖𝑐 ≈ 1.5. The proposed criterion was consistent with C-FOG field observations as well as representative previous layering observations in the atmosphere and ocean due to localized turbulence mixing events caused by Kelvin-Helmholtz billowing.
Temperament and Longitudinal Changes in Physical Activity – Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study
Authors: Karppanen Anna-Kaisa , Miettunen Jouko , Hurtig Tuula , Nordström Tanja , Tammelin Tuija , Korpelainen Raija 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackground Insufficient physical activity is risk factor for morbidity and premature mortality. This population-based birth cohort study investigated the associations between self-reported temperament at age 31 and self-reported leisure-time moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels and changes thereof from the age of 31 to the age of 46 years. Methods The study population comprised 3,084 subjects from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. MVPA was self-reported at ages 31 and 46 years. Novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence and their subscales were measured using Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory at age 31. Four temperament clusters were used in the analyses:persistent,overactive,dependent, andpassive. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between temperament and LTPA. Results Thepersistentandoveractivetemperament profiles at age 31 were positively associated with higher MVPA levels both in young adulthood and in midlife, while thepassiveanddependenttemperaments were associated with lower MVPA levels. Theoveractivetemperament profile was associated with a decrease in MVPA levels from young adulthood to midlife among males. Conclusion Apassivetemperament profile characterized by high harm avoidance is associated with a higher risk of low MVPA level than other temperament profiles over the life cycle in females. The results suggest that temperament may play a role in determining the level and sustainability of MVPA. Individual targeting and intervention tailoring for promoting physical activity should consider temperament traits.
Trend of incidence rate of age related diseases: results from the National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) database in Korea: A cross- sectional study
Authors: Ryou In Sun , Lee Sang Wha , Cho Kyunghee , Mun Hanbit , Chui SungYoun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Age-related diseases (ARDs) do not have a defined category by consensus opinion. This study aims to redefine ARDs in Korea, which is about to have a super-aged society, and to examine the incidence rate of ARDs and identify their characteristics.
Methods: Using a National Health Insurance Service-Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC), which sampled 1 million individuals who maintained health insurance and medical benefit beneficiaries in Korea for one year in 2006 and followed up from 2002 to 2019, we selected 14 diseases with high disease burden and prevalence among Koreans from 92 ARDs diseases defined in the GBD study as ARDs. The annual incidence rate is the number of subjects newly diagnosed with each ARD each year for a total of 14 years from 2006 to 2019, after excluding subjects with a history of being diagnosed with ARDs from 2002 to 2005. The incidence rate by age was divided into units of 10 years by age as of 2019, the number of subjects with aging-related diseases for each age group was used as the numerator, and the incidence rate of each age group was calculated by age group as the denominator.
Results: From 2006 to 2019, the diseases that showed a decrease in the annual incidence were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, and ischemic heart disease, and diseases that showed significant increase were dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, cataract, deafness, and Parkinson's disease. Notably, hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and age-related macular degeneration showed a gradual decrease in the incidence and tendency to increase after 2015. However, almost all diseases showed a difference in degree when the incidence rate of each disease was examined, regardless of the difference in the incidence rate by year; however, the incidence increased exponentially as the age increased, and then at a very high age demonstrate a characteristic form of decrease.
Conclusions: The incidence of diseases belonging to the newly defined ARDs increased exponentially with age and had a common characteristic showing that incidence decreased at a very high age.
Benchmark dose calculations for PFAS exposure based on two data sets on immunotoxic effects
Authors: Budtz-Jørgensen Esben , Grandjean Philippe 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: Exposure to perfluorinated alkylate substances (PFAS) is associated with harmful effects on human health, including developmental immunotoxicity. This outcome was chosen as the critical effect by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which calculated a new joint reference dose for four PFAS using a Benchmark Dose (BMD) analysis of a study of 1-year old children. However, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently proposed much lower exposure limits.
Methods: We explored the BMD methodology for grouped and complete data and compared the results with and without grouping for two data sets available. We compared the performance of different dose-response models including a hockey-stick model and a piecewise linear model. We considered different ways of testing the assumption of equal weight-based toxicity of the four PFAS and evaluated more flexible models with exposure indices allowing for differences in toxicity.
Results: Results relying on full and decile-based data were in good accordance. However, BMD results for the larger study were lower than observed by EFSA for the smaller study. EFSA derived a lower confidence limit for the BMD of 17.5 ng/mL for the sum of serum-PFAS concentration, while similar calculations in the larger cohort yielded values of about 1.5 ng/mL. As the assumption of equal weight-based toxicity of the four PFAS seems questionable, we confirmed dose-dependencies that allowed potency differences between PFAS. We also found that models linear in the parameters for the BMD analysis showed superior coverage probabilities. In particular, we found the piecewise linear model to be useful for Benchmark analysis.
Conclusions: Both data sets considered could be analyzed on a decile basis without important bias or loss of power. The larger study showed substantially lower BMD results, both for individual PFAS and for joint exposures. Overall, EFSA’s proposed tolerable exposure limit appears too high, while the EPA proposal is in better accordance with the results.
Fractional order sliding mode control for circulating current suppressing of MMC
Authors: Li Shaoling , Li Peike , Zheng Zheng , Huang Tao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The bridge current distortion and system power loss of modular multilevel converter (MMC) are increased by the circulating current. In this paper, combined with fractional order theory, a circulating current controller based on fractional order differential sign function sliding mode control (FO-SMC) is proposed. By adding fractional order calculus into the sign function, the response speed is improved on the premise of reducing the chattering of the system. Under the same conditions, the system with PI, SMC and FO-SMC circulating current controller are simulated under AC power disturbance, DC side voltage step and received power step conditions respectively. The simulation results show that the FO-SMC circulating current controller is better than the other in both steady and dynamic conditions, and is more suitable for nonlinear systems as MMC.
Position Dependent FRF Identification without Force Measurement in Milling Process
Authors: ALTUN Barış , ÇALIŞKAN Hakan , Özşahin Orkun 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Frequency Response Functions (FRF) are one of the most useful methods of representation of machine-tool dynamics under force excitation. FRFs are usually obtained empirically through output measurements and force excitations are controlled by an external device such as hammers or shakers. This study offers an operational identification method which utilizes calculation of force applied during the process as an input for FRF identification. Force excitation is provided through face milling of a thin walled workpiece and acceleration measurements are taken during the process. FRF is calculated at a designated position by sampling workpiece-cutting tool contacts as individual tap tests and substituting a force calculation as input. Force coefficients need to be known for the force calculation. An experimental force coefficient identification method is proposed. In that case, a similar thin walled workpiece at a point with known FRF and acceleration measurements are utilized. Results are confirmed with FRF obtained in the same location for both identification of FRF and identification of force coefficients approaches.
DNA Repair/Oxidative Stress Genes and Pain in Cancer Survivors on Aromatase Inhibitors
Authors: Wagner Monica A. , Koleck Theresa A. , Conway Alex , Bender Catherine M. , Conley Yvette P. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Pain is a problem in women with breast cancer prescribed aromatase inhibitors (AIs). DNA repair/oxidative stress genes are implicated in the development of pain and cancer. This study examined the relationship between polymorphisms in DNA repair/oxidative stress genes and pain in postmenopausal women with breast cancer over time.
Methods
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of select DNA repair/oxidative stress genes were genotyped, and perceived average pain was assessed in women with breast cancer prior to and throughout adjuvant therapy (AI ± chemotherapy; n = 138) and healthy controls (n = 81). Cragg two-equation hurdle regression was used to evaluate the relationship between each associated allele and (1) chances of having any pain, and (2) pain severity ≥ 1.
Results
As the number of associated alleles increased, so did odds of any pain and pain severity. At baseline, odds of pain were associated with allele combinations from four SNPs (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.16–1.92; p < 0.001), while greater severity was associated with alleles from three SNPs (CME = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.16–0.50; p < 0.001). After 6 months, a combination of alleles from six genes impacted the odds of any pain (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.04–1.48; p = 0.018), but severity was not associated.
Conclusions
SNPs in DNA repair/oxidative stress pathways play a role in odds of pain prior to AI therapy and at 6 months, but different SNPs are associated at different timepoints.
Implication for Cancer Survivors
- Biomarker testing for implicated SNPs can be used to detect individuals at risk for cancer pain development. These individuals can be provided prophylactic pain interventions to decrease pain severity.