bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host specificity and host stage preference of Psyllaephagus species (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) towards invasive eucalypt psyllids (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae)
Authors: Makunde Privilege T. , Slippers Bernard , Bush Samantha J. , Hurley Brett P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Invasive eucalypt psyllids pose a threat to the long‐term production of eucalypts worldwide. In order to reduce their economic impact, classical biological control using Psyllaephagus species has been used successfully.
The objectives of this study were to determine the host specificity and host stage preference of Psyllaephagus blastopsyllae, Psyllaephagus pilosus and Psyllaephagus bliteus using related eucalypt‐feeding psyllids, Blastopsylla occidentalis, Ctenarytaina eucalypti, Glycaspis brimblecombei and Spondyliaspis cf. plicatuloides.
To determine host specificity, three Psyllaephagus species were collected locally from their hosts. Five‐day‐old parasitoids were exposed to all five developmental stages (I–V) of host and non‐host psyllids in choice and non‐choice tests. Similar bioassays were used to assess parasitoid preferences for specific nymphal stages, identifying their preferred developmental stages of potential hosts.
Glycaspis brimblecombei was identified as a potential host for P. blastopsyllae, and S. cf. plicatuloides as an alternate host for P. bliteus, though emergence rates were three to four times lower than for their known hosts. Psyllaephagus pilosus showed no interest in non‐host psyllids. Female parasitoids displayed stage‐specific preferences for both known and newly identified hosts.
The current findings indicate that some Psyllaephagus species attack hosts within an ecological niche, whereas others are highly host specific. Additionally, the distinction between potential host range observed in laboratory conditions and ecological host range in field conditions should be considered, as laboratory tests typically exhibit a broader host range.
Point‐of‐Care Blood Eosinophils to Predict Preschool Wheeze Attacks
Authors: Hillson Kushalinii , Fontanella Sara , Almeida Hernani , Pavlou Barbara , Lajunen Katariina , Irving Samantha , Testa Ilaria , Bingham Yvonne , Oritz Karina Mayoral , Lacbay Shane , Hay Sophie , Gore Mindy , Scotney Elizabeth , Paraskakis Emmanouil , Sonnappa Samatha , Fleming Louise , Bush Andrew , Saglani Sejal 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPost hoc analysis of clinical trials shows blood eosinophil counts (BEC) predict future preschool wheeze attacks; however, prospective usefulness in a clinical setting is unreported. We assessed the feasibility of point‐of‐care (POC) eosinophil measurements in preschool wheezers and related BEC to symptoms, lung function, and utility in predicting attacks.MethodsChildren aged 1–5 years with recurrent wheeze underwent finger‐prick sampling during the outpatient clinic for POC eosinophils, forced oscillation technique (FOT) and/or spirometry, and symptom score (TRACK questionnaire). The utility of BEC and/or the other tests in predicting wheeze attacks in the subsequent 3 months was analysed by comparing those with and without an attack and using a predictive decision tree (DT) model.ResultsSeventy‐three children (median age 4.27 years) were recruited; BEC were higher in atopic children (median 0.5 × 109/L vs. 0.3 × 109/L non‐atopic, p < 0.01). BEC moderately correlated with FOT reactance bronchodilator reversibility z‐score changes (r = 0.495, p = 0.005), but no other lung function measures or TRACK score.68/73 (93%) children were followed up at 3 months. 29/68 (43%) children had > 1 wheeze attack requiring unscheduled healthcare attendance. Absolute and %eosinophils at the baseline visit were higher in those who had an attack (median 0.5 × 109/L vs. 0.3 × 109/L, p = 0.03 and median 6% vs. 4%, p < 0.01). The DT model showed children with BEC ≥ 4% and TRACK score < 75 were more likely to have a future attack (probability 0.63).ConclusionPOC blood eosinophils were feasible in a clinical setting. Our preliminary data suggest elevated BEC with a low symptom score predicts a wheeze attack within 3 months.
Dual Inhibition of Mast Cells and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Using a Novel Bispecific Antibody, CDX‐622
Authors: Murphy Michael B. , Vitale Laura , O'Neill Thomas , Maurer Deena M. , Malenchek Linda , Crocker Andrea , Patterson Colleen , Mills‐Chen Laura , Saley Virginia , Antczak Nicole M. , Boyer James M. , McManus Kelly M. , Montanari Noe Rico , Hammond Russell A. , Goldstein Joel , Thomas Lawrence J. , Keler Tibor , Alvarado Diego 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMast cells (MCs) respond to an array of allergens that drive allergic and inflammatory diseases. Stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand for the receptor KIT, is required for MC survival and function. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an alarmin that promotes Type 2 inflammation in asthma and other inflammatory diseases. We describe CDX‐622, a bispecific antibody (bsAb), that targets both SCF and TSLP to neutralize these distinct cytokines.MethodsThe bsAb CDX‐622 was developed from novel antagonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to SCF (SCF‐12) and TSLP (1D10). CDX‐622 encodes the full‐length 1D10 mAb and the single‐chain variable fragment of SCF‐12, linked to the C‐terminus of the 1D10 heavy chain. CDX‐622 was modified to prevent Fcγ receptor interactions and enhance FcRn binding. CDX‐622 was tested using in vitro assays of MC and dendritic cell (DC) activation, an ex vivo human skin model, and in vivo studies in nonhuman primates.ResultsNovel SCF and TSLP mAbs with neutralizing activity were generated. The bsAb CDX‐622 potently inhibited SCF‐driven MC degranulation and TSLP‐mediated CCL17 release by DCs. In human skin samples treated with SCF and TSLP, CDX‐622 markedly reduced proinflammatory, MC, and DC‐related RNA signatures. Additionally, CDX‐622 and SCF‐12 mAb administered to cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) had a profound effect on MCs without any observed toxicity.ConclusionsCDX‐622 is a potent inhibitor of MCs through the neutralization of SCF and effectively blocks Type 2 inflammatory responses driven by TSLP. Dual inhibition of these cytokines may lead to improved clinical outcomes in certain inflammatory disorders.
Ethical Biobanking in Extremely Preterm Infants: Lessons From the EPITOP Study
Authors: Sjöbom Ulrika , Isaksson Jenny , Wickelgren Ruth , Vallin Liv , Nilsson Anders K. , Hellström Ann , Sävman Karin , Löfqvist Chatarina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimThe Extremely Preterm Infant Target Optimise and Prevent (EPITOP) study aimed to develop an ethical and practical approach to biobanking salvaged residual blood samples from extremely preterm infants (< 28 weeks gestational age, GA) for biomarker research while minimising clinical risks and addressing ethical concerns.MethodsInitiated in collaboration with Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Biobank Väst, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden, residual blood samples were collected from infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from March 2020 to March 2024. Samples were ethically salvaged and biobanked following parental consent and in compliance with Sweden's Biobank Act.ResultsAmong 215 eligible infants (mean (GA) 25.4 weeks), 122 consents enabled the collection of 4238 residual samples, of which 92.5% were from blood gas analyses. Sample collection was highest during the first weeks of life, with a median of 35 samples per infant. A higher number of morbidities and lower GA were both associated with an increase in sample numbers. Plasma and whole blood aliquots were prepared and stored for future biomarker studies.ConclusionThe EPITOP study demonstrates the feasibility of ethically biobanking salvaged residual blood samples from extremely preterm infants. This approach minimises clinical risks while supporting biomarker discovery, providing a scalable model for neonatal research.
Ecological Resilience in a Primate Community Affected by Gold Mining in Suriname
Authors: Norconk Marilyn , Thompson Cynthia L. , Vreedzaam Arioené , Atsalis Sylvia , Ledogar Justin A. , Landburg Chantal , Wright Barth W. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTropical habitats in South America and Africa are being transformed by artisanal gold mining, but few studies have addressed how mining impacts animals at the community level. We assessed the long‐term ecological resilience to mining disturbance for seven primate species (Allouatta macconnelli,
Ateles paniscus
,
Cebus olivaceus
,
Chiropotes sagulatus
,
Pithecia pithecia
,
Saguinus midas
, and
Sapajus apella
) in the Brownsberg Nature Park, Suriname over a 20‐year period. Using 11 trails and unpaved roads to calculate “encounter rates” (species encountered/km walked), we compared the encounter frequency, encounter location, and group size across four community‐wide surveys in 2003, 2013, 2014, and 2023. We hypothesized that the primate response to gold mining would (1) affect species encounter rates, (2) shift the location of encounters relative to mining activity, and (3) impact group sizes. Intraspecific variation in encounter rates from 2003 to 2023 did not vary significantly, but minimum group sizes declined for all species (four species showing significant declines). The three more recent surveys also showed that two species were encountered in areas close to the top of the mountain. We suggest that in the context of intensified mining, the Brownsberg primate community maintained stable encounter rates for all species and some species shifted their ranges, as evidenced by higher encounter rates farther from the periphery of the study area. While this suggests a capacity for resilience in the face of mining‐related disturbances, the decline in group sizes may be an early sign of an insidious community‐wide effect.
Significant genetic differentiation between native and introduced farmed Burmese pythons and low risk of genetic introgression from escaped farmed individuals in Hainan Island
Authors: Qing Jiao , Zhai Xiaofei , Yu Shaopeng , Tu Feiyun , Wang Tongliang , Wang Jichao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Burmese python (Python bivittatus) is one of the most endangered pythons and is commonly traded in the international pet industry. In addition to wild P. bivittatus, domesticated individuals from farms have been living on Hainan Island for nearly 20 years. The intentional release or accidental escape of farmed P. bivittatus may lead to risks, such as genetic introgression or competition for space and food, owing to the genetic differences between the two populations and limited resources. Our objective was to better understand the genetic background of P. bivittatus and genetic introgression between native and introduced farmed populations. We conducted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing (138 specimens) and whole‐genome resequencing (110 specimens) of P. bivittatus from farm and wild populations on Hainan Island. Genetic analysis suggested two highly differentiated clusters (VN and HN clades), Fst = 0.22. The HN clade included samples that originated from southern China and Hainan and represented native individuals of Hainan Island, whereas the VN clade most likely originated from Vietnam, as expected based on the Vietnamese origin of the farm. The results of ADMIXTURE analysis indicated three possible genetic components, one of which can be viewed as the VN clade, and the remaining two genetic components both belong to the HN clade. We identified a small number of shared haplotypes between the farmed and wild populations, indicating that both farmed and wild samples included individuals from VN and HN clades. In addition, only one F1 generation hybrid individual between the two clades was found, suggestive of low gene flow. Thus, the probability of genetic introgression between HN and VN clades is low and poses a low threat to the genetic integrity of the native P. bivittatus on Hainan Island; however, we cannot underestimate the risk of escaped individuals, which should be closely monitored.
A Theology of Inevitable Climate Change
Authors: Sollereder Bethany 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper takes as its premise that climate change is now inevitable. From that beginning, it starts to work out how we can think about hope, environmental work, and pragmatic responses in light of theology and ecological science. Drawing on the resources of paleoclimate and restoration ecology, this paper offers theologically inspired pragmatic suggestions around migration, systemic change, and personal responsibility. It ends exploring the notion of hope in light of our failure to prevent climate change.
Eating and drinking abilities and respiratory and oral health in children and young adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Sorhage Alexandra , Blackmore A. Marie , Byrnes Catherine A. , Agnew Caitlin , Webster Emily F. M. , Mackey Anna , Chong Jimmy , Hill Timothy M. , Han Dug Yeo , Stott Ngaire Susan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimTo investigate the potential risk factors of respiratory illness (ethnicity, oral health, and eating and drinking ability) in children and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThis was an observational study using a validated CP Respiratory and Oral Health questionnaire with 90 participants (median age 12 years [range: 1–26 years]; 51 males; and 26 New Zealand Māori).ResultsMultivariate analysis, accounting for ethnicity and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels, showed that those participants who were classified in Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) levels III to V reported more previous respiratory disease episodes (odds ratio [OR] = 4.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–15.2, p = 0.033), increased daily/weekly respiratory symptoms (OR = 9.14, 95% CI = 2.03–41.2, p = 0.004), and increased mealtime respiratory symptoms (OR = 13.8, 95% CI = 2.48–76.8, p = 0.002). Both EDACS levels III to V and GMFCS levels IV and V were independently associated with increased propensity to reflux or seizures (OR = 8.16, 95% CI = 1.77–37.5, p = 0.007; OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 1.09–10.4, p < 0.034). Mealtime symptoms of vomiting or regurgitation (relative risk = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.17–2.13, p = 0.032) and daily coughing (relative risk = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.14–2.11, p = 0.023) were associated with a higher risk of reporting one or more oral health symptoms. Toothache was more common in participants classified in EDACS levels III to V (χ2, p = 0.021).InterpretationChildren with CP classified in EDACS levels III to V are at a higher risk of respiratory disease and toothache and should be screened appropriately. Regurgitation or vomiting of food and daily coughing are linked with poorer oral health.
Influence of Physical Activity on the Occurrence of Traumatic Dental Injuries in Primary Dentition: A Cohort Study in Southern Brazil
Authors: López Muriel Denisse Rivera , Cademartori Mariana Gonzalez , Goettems Marília Leão , Demarco Flávio Fernando , Hallal Pedro Curi , da Costa Vanessa Polina Pereira 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo verify the association between physical activity (PA) and prevalence and severity of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in 4‐year‐old children.MethodsA cohort study was conducted involving all children born in 2015 in Pelotas, Brazil. During the 4‐year follow‐up period, mothers answered a questionnaire regarding their child's health and demographic characteristics. All children underwent a clinical examination to assess their oral health, including TDIs, classified as per the United Kingdom Children's Dental Health Survey criteria and Glendor's classification for injury severity. PA levels were measured using an accelerometer and maternal perceptions.ResultsThe prevalence of TDI was 14.5% and 85.5% for complicated and uncomplicated TDIs, respectively. The cohort comprised 50.5% boys and 49.5% girls, with a higher TDI prevalence observed in boys (22.4%) than in girls (17.9%) (p = 0.001). Furthermore, boys exhibited more severe TDIs (p < 0.001). No association was observed between PA and the prevalence of TDIs in the overall cohort. However, a trend toward an increase in the severity of complicated trauma (TDI) with higher levels of PA was observed. In particular, children in the higher tertile had a higher proportion of severe TDIs compared to those in the lower PA tertile (relative risk [RR]: 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34–4.36). Moreover, children whose mothers considered them more active than their counterparts were more likely to have complicated TDIs (RR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.06–2.20).ConclusionWe found an association between the severity of TDIs and increased PA. To avoid TDIs, a safer environment for PA should be provided.
Evaluation of Nursing Students' Knowledge on Dental Injuries
Authors: Akgül Nilgün , Yilmaz Ebru , Akkurt Onur 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground/AimsEmergency department visits for dental issues are mainly related to traumatic injuries. Knowledge of emergency department staff regarding diagnosis and treatment of dentofacial injuries is quite significant for prognosis of teeth and peripheral tissues. The aim of this study is to assess attitude, knowledge, education and self‐confidence of undergraduate nursing students, who will work at emergency departments in the future, regarding diagnosis and treatment of dental traumatic injuries.Materials and MethodsThis survey was prepared by modifying questions of the previous survey that had been internationally published. It was a face‐to‐face survey consisting of 15 questions regarding management of the dental traumas. Questions addressing participants' genders and year of study were added to the survey form. The survey was distributed to 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th‐year undergraduate nursing students. Analysis results were presented in the form of frequencies. Pearson's chi‐squared test and the Fisher–Freeman–Halton test were used for analysis of the categorical data. Multiple comparisons were made using the Bonferroni‐correction Z test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe survey was responded by a total of 297 participants, including 47 men and 250 women. Participants consisted of 35.4% first‐year, 28.6% second‐year, 15.5% third‐year, and 20.5% fourth‐year nursing students. The third‐year undergraduate students believed that they had adequate knowledge, and they were also the group that most strongly supported for administration of tetanus vaccine (p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed among nursing students regarding other topics. Students' knowledge and awareness levels respecting particularly avulsion injuries were found to be inadequate regardless of their year of study.ConclusionsKnowledge of most undergraduate nursing students regarding diagnosis and treatment of dentofacial traumatic injuries were insufficient. An additional education is required for students during and after their formal education to manage dental traumas following graduation.
Learning by Concordance as a Tool for Paediatric Dental Traumatology Education
Authors: Gisèle Mainville , Hélène Buithieu , Bernard Charlin , Marion Strub 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionA learning by concordance (LbC) tool including 33 vignettes was developed jointly by teachers from the Y and the University of X to train undergraduate dental students in paediatric dental traumatology. The aim of this work was to present a learning tool not yet described in the community of dental educators. The method was presented on two different electronic platforms to two groups of students. Different modalities were compared.MethodologyInternational panellists were asked to detail their reasoning for resolving ambiguous or complex situations described in clinical vignettes. Two groups were approached: a first group composed of students new to LbC (Y group) and a second group that had already experienced this type of learning method (X group). The modalities of training management differed according to the groups: Y group used the Wooclap platform and responded on a 5‐modality Likert scale, while X group used Moodle and a 3‐modality Likert scale. Student volunteers were able to complete a qualitative survey about the training. The main indicator used was students' opinions and feelings about different aspects of the tool.ResultsThe training was completed by 121 students, 53 of whom agreed to give their opinion on the tool. Consistent with current knowledge, we found that novices had difficulty answering a 5‐modality Likert scale because of the subtle difference between two close answers.ConclusionThis is the first study to introduce a LbC tool in dental education and the results showed a strong interest in this type of pedagogical tool, regardless of the online platform used.
Novel PKD1 Mutation (c.G10086T) Drives High Intracranial Aneurysm Risk in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gao Lili , Lin Min , Wu Chenghan , Liao Yuansheng , Lin Zuopeng , Yan Xiaohua , Lin Sheng , Wang Yinzhou , Chen Jing , Zheng Zhaocong , Lin Jushan , Zhang Sheng , Guan Jianhua , Qiu Yan , Liao Jilian , Wu Lihua 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is frequently complicated by intracranial aneurysms (IAs). However, the genetic factors driving the elevated IA risk in ADPKD remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel PKD1 mutation associated with a remarkably high IA incidence in a large Chinese ADPKD family.MethodsWe conducted whole‐exome sequencing in a three‐generation Chinese ADPKD family (n = 24) characterized by an unusually high IA prevalence. The pathogenicity of the identified PKD1 variant was validated through comprehensive functional studies, including protein localization, calcium signaling, and endothelial cell behavior analyses.ResultsWe discovered a novel PKD1 mutation (c.G10086T) that co‐segregated with disease in all affected family members. Notably, 38.1% (8/21) of the mutation carriers developed IAs, a significantly higher rate than reported in general ADPKD populations (4%–11.5%). Functional studies revealed that this mutation disrupted polycystin‐1 trafficking and impaired calcium signaling, leading to endothelial dysfunction. In vitro experiments demonstrated enhanced angiogenic potential and compromised vascular integrity in cells expressing mutant PKD1.ConclusionsThe newly identified PKD1:c.G10086T mutation represents a high‐risk genetic variant for IA development in ADPKD. Our findings provide new insights into the vascular complications of ADPKD and suggest that PKD1 genotyping may help identify patients requiring intensive IA surveillance. This study supports the development of mutation‐specific screening strategies for ADPKD‐associated vascular complications.