bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and recent developments on the communication of clinical trials, publishing practices, and research integrity: in conversation with Dr. David Moher
Authors: Lawson Daeria O. , Wang Michael K. , Kim Kevin , Eikelboom Rachel , Rodrigues Myanca , Trapsa Daniela , Thabane Lehana , Moher David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The torrent of research during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed the persistent challenges with reporting trials, open science practices, and scholarship in academia. These real-world examples provide unique learning opportunities for research methodologists and clinical epidemiologists-in-training. Dr. David Moher, a recognized expert on the science of research reporting and one of the founders of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement, was a guest speaker for the 2021 Hooker Distinguished Visiting Professor Lecture series at McMaster University and shared his insights about these issues.

Main text
This paper covers a discussion on the influence of reporting guidelines on trials and issues with the use of CONSORT as a measure of quality. Dr. Moher also addresses how the overwhelming body of COVID-19 research reflects the “publish or perish” paradigm in academia and why improvement in the reporting of trials requires policy initiatives from research institutions and funding agencies. We also discuss the rise of publication bias and other questionable reporting practices. To combat this, Dr. Moher believes open science and training initiatives led by institutions can foster research integrity, including the trustworthiness of researchers, institutions, and journals, as well as counter threats posed by predatory journals. He highlights how metrics like journal impact factor and quantity of publications also harm research integrity. Dr. Moher also discussed the importance of meta-science, the study of how research is carried out, which can help to evaluate audit and feedback systems and their effect on open science practices.

Conclusion
Dr. Moher advocates for policy to further improve the reporting of trials and health research. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed how a lack of open science practices and flawed systems incentivizing researchers to publish can harm research integrity. There is a need for a culture shift in assessing careers and “productivity” in academia, and this requires collaborative top-down and bottom-up approaches.
The impact of dieting culture is different between sexes in endurance athletes: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Graybeal Austin J. , Kreutzer Andreas , Willis Jada L. , Braun-Trocchio Robyn , Moss Kamiah , Shah Meena 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Frequent dieting is common in athletes attempting to achieve a body composition perceived to improve performance. Excessive dieting may indicate disordered eating (DE) behaviors and can result in clinical eating disorders. However, the current nutrition patterns that underly dieting culture are underexplored in endurance athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the sex differences in nutrition patterns among a group of endurance athletes.

Methods
Two-hundred and thirty-one endurance athletes (females = 124) completed a questionnaire regarding their dieting patterns and associated variables.

Results
The majority of athletes did not follow a planned diet (70.1%). For endurance athletes on planned diets (n = 69), males were more likely follow a balanced diet (p = 0.048) and females were more likely to follow a plant-based diet (p = 0.021). Female endurance athletes not on a planned diet (n = 162) were more likely to have attempted at least one diet (p < 0.001). Male athletes attempted 2.0 ± 1.3 different diets on average compared to 3.0 ± 2.0 for females (p = 0.002). Female athletes were more likely to attempt ≥ three diets (p = 0.022). The most common diet attempts included carbohydrate/energy restrictive, plant-based, and elimination diets. Females were more likely to attempt ketogenic (p = 0.047), low-carbohydrate (p = 0.002), and energy restricted diets (p = 0.010). Females made up the entirety of those who attempted gluten-/dairy-free diets (F = 22.0%, M = 0.0%).

Conclusions
Being a female athlete is a major determinant of higher dieting frequency and continual implementation of popular restrictive dietary interventions. Sports dietitians and coaches should prospectively assess eating behavior and provide appropriate programming, education, and monitoring of female endurance athletes.
Characteristics and outcomes of anterior mediastinal cystic lesions diagnosed on chest MRI: implications for management of cystic lesions
Authors: Choe Jooae , Lee Sang Min , Ahn Yura , Kim Chu Hyun , Seo Joon Beom , Lee Ho Yun 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Chest MRI is a useful diagnostic modality for the evaluation of anterior mediastinal lesions but the outcomes of anterior mediastinal cystic lesions diagnosed on chest MRI are unclear.

Methods
In this multicenter retrospective study, patients who underwent contrast-enhanced chest MRI in two tertiary centers to assess anterior mediastinal cystic lesions were included after excluding overt solid tumors and thymic hyperplasia. Anterior mediastinal cystic lesions were classified into two categories: probable (simple) cyst or indeterminate lesion (complex cyst). Size and imaging features of lesions during follow-up were evaluated and clinical outcomes were assessed.

Results
A total of 204 patients (mean age, 59 ± 11 years; M:F = 111:93) were studied; 186 (91.2%) were classified as probable cysts and 18 (8.8%) as indeterminate lesions on MRI. Among patients with probable cysts and more than 2 years of follow-up, lesion size was unchanged in 39.6% (36/91), decreased in 16.5% (15/91), and fluctuated in 8.8% (8/91). All patients who underwent surgery were confirmed cysts. None developed mural nodules or irregular wall thickening, suspicious for malignancy during follow-up. In patients with indeterminate lesions, 16.7% (3/18) had pathologically confirmed thymoma and 44.4% (8/18) had proven cysts. Follow-up numbers and intervals after MRI in patients with probable cysts were variable among physicians and institutions in clinical practice (p < 0.05) but more than half were followed for up to 2 years in two centers.

Conclusion
Diagnosing anterior mediastinal cysts using MRI is reliable. MRI-based management of anterior mediastinal lesions may reduce the number of unnecessary follow-ups and surgeries.
Deep neural networks for automatic speech processing: a survey from large corpora to limited data
Authors: Roger Vincent , Farinas Jérôme , Pinquier Julien 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMost state-of-the-art speech systems use deep neural networks (DNNs). These systems require a large amount of data to be learned. Hence, training state-of-the-art frameworks on under-resourced speech challenges are difficult tasks. As an example, a challenge could be the limited amount of data to model impaired speech. Furthermore, acquiring more data and/or expertise is time-consuming and expensive. In this paper, we focus on the following speech processing tasks: automatic speech recognition, speaker identification, and emotion recognition. To assess the problem of limited data, we firstly investigate state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition systems, as this is the hardest task (due to the wide variability in each language). Next, we provide an overview of techniques and tasks requiring fewer data. In the last section, we investigate few-shot techniques by interpreting under-resourced speech as a few-shot problem. In that sense, we propose an overview of few-shot techniques and the possibility of using such techniques for the speech problems addressed in this survey. It is true that the reviewed techniques are not well adapted for large datasets. Nevertheless, some promising results from the literature encourage the usage of such techniques for speech processing.
Reducing systematic review burden using Deduklick: a novel, automated, reliable, and explainable deduplication algorithm to foster medical research
Authors: Borissov Nikolay , Haas Quentin , Minder Beatrice , Kopp-Heim Doris , von Gernler Marc , Janka Heidrun , Teodoro Douglas , Amini Poorya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Identifying and removing reference duplicates when conducting systematic reviews (SRs) remain a major, time-consuming issue for authors who manually check for duplicates using built-in features in citation managers. To address issues related to manual deduplication, we developed an automated, efficient, and rapid artificial intelligence-based algorithm named Deduklick. Deduklick combines natural language processing algorithms with a set of rules created by expert information specialists.

Methods
Deduklick’s deduplication uses a multistep algorithm of data normalization, calculates a similarity score, and identifies unique and duplicate references based on metadata fields, such as title, authors, journal, DOI, year, issue, volume, and page number range. We measured and compared Deduklick’s capacity to accurately detect duplicates with the information specialists’ standard, manual duplicate removal process using EndNote on eight existing heterogeneous datasets. Using a sensitivity analysis, we manually cross-compared the efficiency and noise of both methods.

Discussion
Deduklick achieved average recall of 99.51%, average precision of 100.00%, and average F1 score of 99.75%. In contrast, the manual deduplication process achieved average recall of 88.65%, average precision of 99.95%, and average F1 score of 91.98%. Deduklick achieved equal to higher expert-level performance on duplicate removal. It also preserved high metadata quality and drastically reduced time spent on analysis. Deduklick represents an efficient, transparent, ergonomic, and time-saving solution for identifying and removing duplicates in SRs searches. Deduklick could therefore simplify SRs production and represent important advantages for scientists, including saving time, increasing accuracy, reducing costs, and contributing to quality SRs.
Applying fixed point methodologies to solve a class of matrix difference equations for a new class of operators
Authors: Hammad Hasanen A. , Elmursi Mohamed , Rashwan Rashwan A. , Işık Hüseyin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to present a new class of operators satisfying the Prešić-type rational η-contraction condition in the setting of usual metric spaces. New fixed point results are also obtained for these operators. Our results generalize, extend, and unify many papers in this direction. Moreover, two examples are derived to support and document our theoretical results. Finally, to strengthen our paper and its contribution to applications, some convergence results for a class of matrix difference equations are investigated.
Management of eating disorders for people with higher weight: clinical practice guideline
Authors: Ralph Angelique F. , Brennan Leah , Byrne Sue , Caldwell Belinda , Farmer Jo , Hart Laura M. , Heruc Gabriella A. , Maguire Sarah , Piya Milan K. , Quin Julia , Trobe Sarah K. , Wallis Andrew , Williams-Tchen AJ , Hay Phillipa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of eating disorders is high in people with higher weight. However, despite this, eating disorders experienced by people with higher weight have been consistently under-recognised and under-treated, and there is little to guide clinicians in the management of eating disorders in this population.AimThe aim of this guideline is to synthesise the current best practice approaches to the management of eating disorders in people with higher weight and make evidence-based clinical practice recommendations.MethodsThe National Eating Disorders Collaboration Steering Committee auspiced a Development Group for a Clinical Practice Guideline for the treatment of eating disorders for people with higher weight. The Development Group followed the ‘Guidelines for Guidelines’ process outlined by the National Health and Medical Research Council and aim to meet their Standards to be: 1. relevant and useful for decision making; 2. transparent; 3. overseen by a guideline development group; 4. identifying and managing conflicts of interest; 5. focused on health and related outcomes; 6. evidence informed; 7. making actionable recommendations; 8. up-to-date; and, 9. accessible. The development group included people with clinical and/or academic expertise and/or lived experience. The guideline has undergone extensive peer review and consultation over an 18-month period involving reviews by key stakeholders, including experts and organisations with clinical academic and/or lived experience.RecommendationsTwenty-one clinical recommendations are made and graded according to the National Health and Medical Research Council evidence levels. Strong recommendations were supported for psychological treatment as a first-line treatment approach adults (with bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder), adolescents and children. Clinical considerations such as weight stigma, interprofessional collaborative practice and cultural considerations are also discussed.ConclusionsThis guideline will fill an important gap in the need to better understand and care for people experiencing eating disorders who also have higher weight. This guideline acknowledges deficits in knowledge and consequently the reliance on consensus and lower levels of evidence for many recommendations, and the need for research particularly evaluating weight-neutral and other more recent approaches in this field.
Dexamethasone suppresses the proliferation and migration of VSMCs by FAK in high glucose conditions
Authors: Soleimani Ali Akbar , Mohammadi Asghar , Ghasempour Ghasem , Abkenar Borhan Rahimi , Shokri Nafiseh , Najafi Mohammad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
High glucose conditions cause some changes in the vessels of diabetes through the signal transduction pathways. Dexamethasone and other corticosteroids have a wide range of biological effects in immunological events. In the present study, the effects of dexamethasone were investigated on the VSMC (vascular smooth muscle cell) proliferation, and migration based on the FAK gene and protein changes in high glucose conditions.

Methods and materials
The vascular smooth muscle cells were cultured in DMEM and were treated with dexamethasone (10–7 M, 10–6 M, and 10–5 M) for 24, and 48 h in high glucose conditions. The cell viability was estimated by MTT method. The FAK gene expression levels and pFAK protein values were determined by RT-qPCR and western blotting techniques, respectively. A scratch assay was used to evaluate cellular migration.

Results
The FAK gene expression levels decreased significantly dependent on dexamethasone doses at 24 and 48 h. The pFAK protein values decreased significantly with a time lag at 24- and 48-h periods as compared with gene expression levels.

Conclusion
The results showed that the inhibition of VSMC proliferation and migration by dexamethasone in the high glucose conditions may be related to the changes of FAK.
Hunger and its associated factors in the western Brazilian Amazon: a population-based study
Authors: da Mata Mayline Menezes , Neves José Anael , de Medeiros Maria Angélica Tavares 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Hunger affects millions of people worldwide. In the current pandemic scenario of coronavirus Brazil has experienced an epidemic peak of hunger, amplifying existing prepandemic vulnerabilities, mainly in the North Region of the country. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of food insecurity and its associated factors in homes with children under 5 years of age in an urban area of a municipality of the western Brazilian Amazon.

Methods
A household survey was conducted with a probabilistic sample of 557 children and their families. Food insecurity (FI) was determined using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Associations between variables were analyzed based on the prevalence ratio (PR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated through multiple Poisson regression analysis. Variables with a P value < 0.05 after adjustments were considered significantly associated with the outcome.

Results
A prevalence of 76.5% (CI 1.36–2.67) food insecurity was found among the families in the study; 42.9% had moderate (CI 1.31–2.83) and severe (CI 1.10–1.83) food insecurity. Moderate and severe FI was associated with low family income (P = 0.00), participation in governmental income transfer programs (P = 0.01), and heads of household with less than 7 years of schooling (P = 0.02). Moreover, substantial frequencies of height deficit and being overweight were found among the children.

Conclusions
The high prevalence of hunger and food insecurity and its associated factors reflects the context of geographic isolation and social exclusion in which these families live, suggesting that a substantial portion of the population under 5 years of age had experienced episodes of hunger in the 90 days prior to the survey. The prevalence of height deficit and being overweight among the children reveals a scenario of epidemiological/nutritional polarization, requiring the formulation of specific public policies for this population.
Methods of Bloodless Care, Clinical Outcomes, and Costs for Adult Patients Who Decline Allogeneic Transfusions
Authors: Frank Steven M. , Pippa Andrew , Sherd Ish’shah , Scott Andrew V. , Lo Brian D. , Cruz Nicolas C. , Hendricks Elizabeth A. , Ness Paul M. , Chaturvedi Shruti , Resar Linda M. S. 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Providing bloodless medical care for patients who wish to avoid allogeneic transfusion can be challenging; however, previous studies have demonstrated favorable outcomes when appropriate methods are used. Here, we report one of the largest series of patients receiving bloodless care, along with the methods used to provide such care, and the resulting outcomes.

METHODS:
In a retrospective cohort study, 1111 adult inpatients (age ≥18 years) at a single institution who declined allogeneic transfusion for religious or personal reasons between June 2012 and June 2016 were included, and the patient blood management methods are described. Patient characteristics, laboratory data, and transfusion rates, as well as clinical outcomes (morbidity, mortality, and length of stay) were compared to all other patients in the hospital who received standard care, including transfusions if needed (n = 137,009). Medical and surgical patients were analyzed as subgroups. The primary outcome was composite morbidity (any morbid event: infectious, thrombotic, ischemic, renal, or respiratory). Secondary outcomes included individual morbid events, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, total hospital charges, and costs.

RESULTS:
The bloodless cohort had more females and a lower case mix index, but more preadmission comorbidities. Mean nadir hemoglobin during hospitalization was lower in the bloodless (9.7 ± 2.6 g/dL) compared to the standard care (10.1 ± 2.4 g/dL) group (P < .0001). Composite morbidity occurred in 14.4% vs 16.0% (P = .16) of the bloodless and standard care patients, respectively. Length of stay and in-hospital mortality were similar between the bloodless and standard care patients. After Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons, hospital-acquired infection occurred less frequently in the bloodless compared to the standard care cohort (4.3% vs 8.3%) (P < .0001) in the medical patient subgroup, but not in the surgical subgroup. After propensity score adjustment in a multivariable model and adjustment for multiple comparisons, bloodless care was associated with less risk of hospital-acquired infection (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35–0.83; P = .0074) in the medical subgroup, but not in the surgical subgroup. Median total hospital charges (by 8.5%; P = .0017) and costs (by 8.7%; P = .0001) were lower in the bloodless compared to the standard care cohort, when all patients were included.

CONCLUSIONS:
Overall, adult patients receiving bloodless care had similar clinical outcomes compared to patients receiving standard care. Medical (but not surgical) bloodless patients may be at less risk for hospital-acquired infection compared to those receiving standard care. Bloodless care is cost-effective and should be considered as high-value practice.
Hospital-Acquired Infection, Length of Stay, and Readmission in Elective Surgery Patients Transfused 1 Unit of Red Blood Cells: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Trentino Kevin M. , Leahy Michael F. , Erber Wendy N. , Mace Hamish , Symons Kylie , Budgeon Charley A. , Murray Kevin 
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:
Most patients transfused red blood cells in elective surgery receive small volumes of blood, which is likely to be discretionary and avoidable. We investigated the outcomes of patients who received a single unit of packed red blood cells during their hospital admission for an elective surgical procedure when compared to those not transfused.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study included elective surgical admissions to 4 hospitals in Western Australia over a 6-year period. Participants were included if they were at least 18 years of age and were admitted for elective surgery between July 2014 and June 2020. We compared outcomes of patients who had received 1 unit of red blood cells to patients who had not been transfused. To balance differences in patient characteristics, we weighted our multivariable regression models using the inverse probability of treatment. In addition to propensity score weighting, our multivariable regression models adjusted for hemoglobin level, surgical procedure, patient age, gender, comorbidities, and the transfusion of fresh-frozen plasma or platelets. Outcomes studied were hospital-acquired infection, hospital length of stay, and all-cause emergency readmissions within 28 days.

RESULTS:
Overall, 767 (3.2%) patients received a transfusion of 1 unit of red blood cells throughout their admission. In the propensity score weighted analysis, the transfusion of a single unit of red blood cells was associated with higher odds of hospital-acquired infection (odds ratio, 3.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.99–5.20; P < .001). Patients who received 1 unit of red blood cells throughout their admission were more likely to have a longer hospital stay (rate ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.51–1.63; P < .001) and had 1.42 (95% CI, 1.20–1.69; P < .001) times higher odds of 28-day readmission.

CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that avoidance of even small volumes of packed red blood cells may prevent adverse clinical outcomes. This may encourage hospital administrators to implement strategies to avoid the transfusion of even small volumes of red blood cells by applying patient blood management practices.