bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Swirling Flows in Entropy Wave Convection Through High-Pressure Turbine Stage
Authors: Pinelli Lorenzo , Marconcini Michele , Pacciani Roberto , Notaristefano Andrea , Gaetani Paolo 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
First stages of aeronautical high-pressure turbines are subjected to significant inlet distortions generated by the combustor system. These disturbances are characterized by velocity and temperature fluctuations convected downstream by the flow. Such perturbations are commonly defined as vorticity and entropy waves and interact with the turbine stages affecting the aerodynamic performance, the heat exchange, and generating indirect noise. Moreover, the presence of a swirling flow highly influences the convection and migration of the entropy wave and thus its interaction with the stage. This article presents an in-depth study of the impact of the swirling flows on the entropy wave evolution by means of experimental campaigns and numerical simulations. Experimental campaigns have been carried out at Politecnico di Milano where a high-pressure turbine rig was equipped with a novel combustor simulator able to generate entropy waves and swirl profiles. Numerical simulations have been performed at the University of Florence by applying time accurate simulation schemes, including incoming disturbances, implemented in the CFD TRAF code. Two different entropy waves (featuring frequencies of 10 and 110 Hz) injected in a counterclockwise swirling region at mid-span have been analyzed at two clocking positions: passage aligned and vane aligned. An excellent agreement is found between experimental acquisitions and numerical results: both show an important reduction of the temperature fluctuations through the stage and highlight the effect of the swirling profile on secondary flows and blade wakes. The extensive comparison reported in this article validates the numerical approach (based on unsteady simulations postprocessed by a dedicated filtering technique), which has been further applied to study the impact of swirling flows with an opposite rotation (clockwise). The broad numerical investigation combined with the extensive experimental campaign leads to a deeper understanding of the aerodynamic, thermal, and acoustic implications related to entropy wave evolution in a swirling flow, highlighting the interaction phenomena and suggesting how to minimize the impact of entropy waves by comparing the results of the different injection positions and swirling flow directions.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Hemorheological Activity of New 4-(Thien-2-yl)-3-aminopyridine-2(1H)-one Derivatives
Authors: Palamarchuk I. V. , Shulgau Z. T. , Sergazy Sh. D. , Zhulikeeva A. M. , Seilkhanov T. M. , Kulakov I. V. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
On the basis of 4-(thien-2-yl)-3-aminopyridine-2(1H)-one, the corresponding chloroacetamide and condensed 1H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]oxazine-2(3H)-one were synthesized by the reaction of acylation with chloroacetyl chloride. Thioureide derivatives of 3-aminopyridine-2(1H)-one were obtained by reactions with a number of isothiocyanates. It was shown that the carbamothionylmethacrylamide derivative cyclizes rather easily into substituted 1,3-thiazine. Molecular docking of synthesized derivatives for antithrombotic activity was carried out, which showed that the presence of a thiourea fragment in the pyridone core leads to an increase in affinity for the selected protein. The hemorheological study of the compounds using the in vitro model of the increased blood viscosity syndrome also showed activity at the level of the reference drug pentoxifylline.
Vibration of effect in more than 16 000 pooled analyses of individual participant data from 12 randomised controlled trials comparing canagliflozin and placebo for type 2 diabetes mellitus: multiverse analysis
Authors: Gouraud Henri , Wallach Joshua D , Boussageon Rémy , Ross Joseph S , Naudet Florian 
Published: September 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of conducting all possible pooled analyses across different combinations of randomised controlled trials and endpoints.DesignMultiverse analysis, consisting of numerous pooled analyses of individual participant data.SettingIndividual patient data from 12 randomised controlled trials comparing canagliflozin treatment with placebo, shared on the Yale University Open Data Access project (https://yoda.yale.edu/) platform, up to 16 April 2021.Participants15 094 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Main outcome measuresPooled analyses estimated changes in serum glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), major adverse cardiovascular events, and serious adverse events at weeks 12, 18, 26, and 52. The distribution of effect estimates was calculated for all possible combinations, and the direction and magnitude of the first and 99th centiles of effect estimates were compared.ResultsAcross 16 332 distinct pooled analyses comparing canagliflozin with placebo for changes in HbA1c, standardised effect estimates were in favour of canagliflozin treatment at both the first centile (−0.75%) and 99th centile (−0.48%); 15 994 (97.93%) analyses showed significant results (P<0.05) in favour of canagliflozin. For major adverse cardiovascular events, estimated hazard ratios were 0.20 at the first centile and 0.90 at the 99th centile; 2705 of 8144 analyses (33.21%) were significant, all of which were in favour of canagliflozin treatment. For serious adverse events, estimated hazard ratios were 0.59 at the first centile and 1.14 at the 99th centile; 5793 of 16 332 (35.47%) analyses were significant, with 5754 in favour of canagliflozin and 39 in favour of placebo.ConclusionResults from pooled analyses can be subject to vibration of effects and should be critically appraised, especially regarding the risk for selection and availability bias in individual participant data retrieved.
Pilot study of physiotherapist-led versus music therapist-led breathing control exercises for young adults living with breathing pattern disorder: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Lewis Adam , Kal Elmar , Nolan Claire Marie , Cave Phoene , Grillo Lizzie , Conway Joy , Jones Mandy 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionBreathing pattern disorder (BPD) is an abnormal breathing pattern associated with biochemical, biomechanical and psychophysiological changes. While physiotherapy is often offered, limited evidence-based therapies for BPD are available. Music therapy-based singing exercises have been shown to improve quality of life for individuals with respiratory conditions and may also be beneficial for individuals living with BPD. No study has previously compared these participatory interventions in the treatment of people living with BPD.Methods and analysisThis is a study protocol for an assessor blinded 1:1 randomised controlled trial and qualitative interview study. Forty participants aged 18–40 years who score at least 19 on the Nijmegen Questionnaire (NQ) and do not have any underlying respiratory conditions will be recruited. Participants will be randomised to receive either physiotherapy-led or music therapy-led breathing exercises for 6 weeks. The primary outcome will be between-group difference in NQ post-intervention. Semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of participants will be performed. Qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis to better understand participants’ intervention and trial experiences.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethical approval by Brunel University London College of Health, Medicine and Life Science’s Research Ethics Committee (32483-MHR-Mar/2022-38624-3). The anonymised completed dataset will be made available as an open-access file via Brunel University London Figshare and the manuscript containing anonymised patient data will be published in an open-access journal.Trial registration numberThis trial is registered on the Open Science Framework Registry (https://osf.io/u3ncw).
Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: can we improve predictions with machine learning?
Authors: Fazzari Melissa J , Guerra Marta M , Salmon Jane , Kim Mimi Y 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesNearly 20% of pregnancies in patients with SLE result in an adverse pregnancy outcome (APO). We previously developed an APO prediction model using logistic regression and data from Predictors of pRegnancy Outcome: bioMarkers In Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (PROMISSE), a large multicentre study of pregnant women with mild/moderate SLE and/or antiphospholipid antibodies. Our goal was to determine whether machine learning (ML) approaches improve APO prediction and identify other risk factors.MethodsThe PROMISSE data included 41 predictors from 385 subjects; 18.4% had APO (preterm delivery due to placental insufficiency/pre-eclampsia, fetal/neonatal death, fetal growth restriction). Logistic regression with stepwise selection (LR-S), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest (RF), neural network (NN), support vector machines (SVM-RBF), gradient boosting (GB) and SuperLearner (SL) were compared by cross-validated area under the ROC curve (AUC) and calibration.ResultsPreviously identified APO risk factors, antihypertensive medication use, low platelets, SLE disease activity and lupus anticoagulant (LAC), were confirmed as important with each algorithm. LASSO additionally revealed potential interactions between LAC and anticardiolipin IgG, among others. SL performed the best (AUC=0.78), but was statistically indistinguishable from LASSO, SVM-RBF and RF (AUC=0.77 for all). LR-S, NN and GB had worse AUC (0.71–0.74) and calibration scores.ConclusionsWe predicted APO with reasonable accuracy using variables routinely assessed prior to the 12th week of pregnancy. LASSO and some ML methods performed better than a standard logistic regression approach. Substantial improvement in APO prediction will likely be realised, not with increasingly complex algorithms but by the discovery of new biomarkers and APO risk factors.
Oral anticoagulants, time in therapeutic range and renal function over time in real-life patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Batra Gorav , Modica Angelo , Renlund Henrik , Larsson Anders , Christersson Christina , Held Claes 
Published: September 2022

AimsTo describe the use of warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), to evaluate changes in renal function over time and predictors of rapid decline, and to describe time in therapeutic range (TTR) and predictors of poor TTR among patients on warfarin.Methods and resultsUsing data from AuriculA, the Swedish oral anticoagulation registry, patients with AF on warfarin or DOAC were identified between 2013 and 2018 (N=6567). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated and categorised into normal (≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2), mild CKD (60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2), moderate CKD (30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2), severe CKD (15–29 mL/min/1.73 m2) and end-stage CKD (<15 mL/min/1.73 m2)/dialysis. TTR was estimated using international normalised ratio (INR) measurements. Predictors of eGFR decline over time and of poor TTR were estimated using regression analysis. Between 2013 and 2018, use of DOAC increased from 9.2% to 89.3%, with a corresponding decline in warfarin. A similar trend was observed in patients with mild to moderate CKD, while DOAC over warfarin increased slower among patients with severe to end-stage CKD/dialysis. In patients treated with warfarin, the median TTR was 77.1%. Worse TTR was observed among patients with severe CKD (70.0%) and end-stage CKD/dialysis (67.5%). A gradual annual decline in eGFR was observed (−1.1 mL/min/1.73 m2), with a more rapid decline among patients with older age, female sex, diabetes mellitus and/or heart failure.ConclusionIn patients with AF, use of DOAC has steadily increased across different CKD stages, but not in patients with severe to end-stage CKD/dialysis despite these patients having poor INR control. Patients with AF have a gradual decline in renal function, with a more rapid decline among a subgroup of patients.
Remote self-collection of capillary blood using upper arm devices for autoantibody analysis in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases
Authors: Zarbl Joshua , Eimer Ekaterina , Gigg Camilla , Bendzuck Gerlinde , Korinth Marianne , Elling-Audersch Corinna , Kleyer Arnd , Simon David , Boeltz Sebastian , Krusche Martin , Mucke Johanna , Muehlensiepen Felix , Vuillerme Nicolas , Krönke Gerhard , Schett Georg , Knitza Johannes 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, usability and acceptability of two upper arm self-sampling devices for measurement of autoantibodies and C reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs).Methods70 consecutive patients with IMRD with previously documented autoantibodies were assigned to supervised and unsupervised self-collection of capillary blood with the Tasso+ or TAP II device. Interchangeability of 17 biomarkers with standard venesection was assessed by: concordance, correlation, paired sample hypothesis testing and Bland-Altman plots. Patients completed an evaluation questionnaire, including the System Usability Scale (SUS) and Net Promoter Score (NPS).ResultsWhile 80.0% and 77.0% were able to safely and successfully collect capillary blood using the Tasso+ and TAP II within the first attempt, 69 of 70 (98.6%) patients were successful in collecting capillary blood within two attempts. Concordance between venous and capillary samples was high; 94.7% and 99.5% for positive and negative samples, respectively. For connective tissue disease screen, anti-Ro52 and anti-proteinase 3 autoantibody levels, no significant differences were observed. Self-sampling was less painful than standard venesection for the majority of patients (Tasso+: 71%; TAP II: 63%). Both devices were well accepted (NPS; both: +28%), usability was perceived as excellent (SUS; Tasso+: 88.6 of 100; TAP II: 86.0 of 100) and 48.6 %/62.9% of patients would prefer to use the Tasso+/TAP II, respectively, instead of a traditional venous blood collection.ConclusionsRemote self-collection of capillary blood using upper arm-based devices for autoantibody and CRP analysis in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases is feasible, accurate and well accepted among patients.Trial registration numberWHO International Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS00024925).
Cervical and systemic innate immunity predictors of HIV risk linked to genital herpes acquisition and time from HSV-2 seroconversion
Authors: Govender Yashini , Morrison Charles S , Chen Pai-Lien , Gao Xiaoming , Yamamoto Hidemi , Chipato Tsungai , Anderson Sharon , Barbieri Robert , Salata Robert , Doncel Gustavo F , Fichorova Raina Nakova 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesTo examine innate immunity predictors of HIV-1 acquisition as biomarkers of HSV-2 risk and biological basis for epidemiologically established HIV-1 predisposition in HSV-2 infected women.MethodsWe analysed longitudinal samples from HIV-1 negative visits of 1019 women before and after HSV-2 acquisition. We measured cervical and serum biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation previously linked to HIV-1 risk. Protein levels were Box-Cox transformed and ORs for HSV-2 acquisition were calculated based on top quartile or below/above median levels for all HSV-2 negative visits. Bivariate analysis determined the likelihood of HSV-2 acquisition by biomarker levels preceding infection. Linear mixed-effects models evaluated if biomarkers differed by HSV-2 status defined as negative, incident or established infections with an established infection cut-off starting at 6 months.ResultsIn the cervical compartment, two biomarkers of HIV-1 risk (low SLPI and high BD-2) also predicted HSV-2 acquisition. In addition, HSV-2 acquisition was associated with IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-3α, ICAM-1 and VEGF when below median levels. Systemic immunity predictors of HSV-2 acquisition were high sCD14 and IL-6, with highest odds when concomitantly increased (OR=2.23, 1.49–3.35). Concomitant systemic and mucosal predictors of HSV-2 acquisition risk included (1) serum top quartile sCD14 with cervical low SLPI, VEGF and ICAM-1, or high BD-2; (2) serum high IL-6 with cervical low VEGF and ICAM-1, SLPI, IL-1β and IL-6; and (3) serum low C reactive protein with cervical high BD-2 (the only combination also predictive of HIV-1 acquisition). Most cervical biomarkers were decreased after HSV-2 acquisition compared with the HSV-2 negative visits, with incident infections associated with a larger number of suppressed cervical biomarkers and lower serum IL-6 levels compared with established infections.ConclusionsA combination of systemic immunoinflammatory and cervical immunosuppressed states predicts HSV-2 acquisition. A persistently suppressed innate immunity during incident HSV-2 infection may add to the increased HIV-1 susceptibility.
How much to pay for a track and trace system: a simulation model for South Africa
Authors: van der Zee Kirsten , van Walbeek Corné , Ross Hana 
Published: September 2022

BackgroundThe illicit trade in tobacco reduces the effectiveness of tobacco-control policies. Independent track and trace (T&T) systems are considered one of the most effective measures available to reduce the illicit tobacco trade. South Africa, with an illicit trade estimated at over 35% of the total market, is yet to implement a T&T system.MethodsAn Excel-based simulation model is used to determine the break-even T&T marker cost per pack. At the break-even cost per pack, the government would recover all costs associated with implementing T&T by collecting additional revenues. We conduct a scenario analysis to provide a range of break-even marker costs.FindingsA marker cost of between R2.68 (US$0.17) and R5.24 (US$0.34) per pack allows the South African government to collect enough additional revenue to recover all costs associated with T&T. Implementing such a system would reduce cigarette consumption by between 5% and 11.5%. Given that comparable systems cost significantly less than this range (roughly US$0.02 per pack), the government would in all likelihood be able to implement a system at a cost below the break-even rate, thus generating additional revenue.ConclusionThe break-even simulation model provides a practical tool for the government to plan the implementation of T&T and to set up an evaluation criteria for the T&T tender process. The simulations illustrate that implementing T&T in South Africa would both reduce consumption (licit and illicit) and generate additional revenue. With some modifications, the model can be applied to other countries as well.
Indices of complement activation and coagulation changes in trauma patients
Authors: Yang Zhangsheng , Simovic Milomir O , Liu Bin , Burgess Matthew B , Cap Andrew P , DalleLucca Jurandir J , Li Yansong 
Published: September 2022

ObjectivesEarly complementopathy and coagulopathy are shown often after trauma. However, the prevalence of any interplay between complement cascade (ComC) and coagulation cascade (CoaC) after trauma remains unclear. This study intended to explore whether complement-coagulation crosstalk exists, which may provide a reliable guide to clinical implications in trauma patients.MethodsThis single-center cohort study of trauma patients enrolled 100 patients along with 20 healthy volunteers. Blood samples from patients were collected at admission, 45, 90, 135 minutes, and 18 hours after admission. Demographic characteristics were recorded, blood levels of ComC and CoaC factors, and inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA, clot-based assays, or luminex multiplex assay, and partial thromboplastin (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) were assessed using a Behring blood coagulation system.ResultsCompared with the healthy controls, plasma levels of complement factors (C5b-9 and Bb) and 11 tested inflammatory cytokines increased in moderately and severely injured patients as early as 45 minutes after admission and sustained higher levels up to 18 hours after admission. C5b-9 correlated positively to patients’ hospital stay. In parallel, the consumption of coagulation factors I, II, X, and XIII was shown throughout the first 18 hours after admission in moderately and severely injured patients, whereas PT, PTT, D-dimer, factor VII, and factor VIII values significantly increased from the admission to 135 minutes in moderately and severely injured patients. Along with an inverse correlation between plasma Bb, factors I and II, a positive correlation between C5b-9, Bb, D-dimer, PT, and PTT was evident.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates trauma-induced early activation of plasma cascades including ComC, CoaC, and fibrinolytic cascade, and their correlation between plasma cascades in severe trauma patients. Our study suggests that the simultaneous modulation of plasma cascades might benefit clinical outcomes for trauma patients.Level of evidenceProspective study, level III.
miR-181a-5p is a potential candidate epigenetic biomarker in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Edgünlü Tuba Gökdoğan , Yılmaz Şenay Görücü , Emre Ufuk , Taşdelen Bahar , Kuru Oktay , Kutlu Gülnihal , Erdal Mehmet Emin 
Published: September 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination and axonal degeneration. Abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays an important role in MS pathology. In this cohort study, differential expression of the four miRNAs ( hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-9-5p, hsa-miR-181a-5p, and hsa-miR-125b-5p) was investigated in 69 individuals, including 39 MS patients (relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), n = 27; secondary progressive MS (SPMS), n = 12) and 30 healthy controls. In silico analyses revealed possible genes and pathways specific to miRNAs. Peripheral blood miRNA expressions were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). hsa-miR-181a-5p was downregulated and associated with increased MS risk ( P = 0.012). The other three miRNAs were upregulated and not associated with MS ( P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) is 0.779. In silico analyses showed that hsa-miR-181a-5p may participate in MS pathology by targeting MAP2K1, CREB1, ATXN1, and ATXN3 genes in inflammation and neurodegeneration pathways. The circulatory hsa-miR-181a-5p can regulate target genes, reversing the mechanisms involved in MS pathologies such as protein uptake and processing, cell proliferation and survival, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Thus, this miRNA could be used as an epigenomic-guided diagnostic tool and for therapeutic purpose.
Exploring existence of traversable wormhole solutions in the presence of some corrected Casimir energy models
Authors: Jawad Abdul , ur Rehman Ubaid , Rani Shamaila , Övgün Ali 
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we explore the wormhole solutions (which are initially proposed by R. Garattini [Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 951] who take generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) with Casimir energy) in the framework of two well-known dark energy (DE) models, generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) and polytropic gas. We consider the GUP corrected pressure (force per unit surface area) in the equation of state (EoS) of these DE models to construct the GCG corrected energy density and polytropic gas corrected energy density. Three models of redshift function are taken into account to construct shape function as well as wormhole geometry for both cases of corrected energy densities. We find the behavior of EoS parameters, redshift function for isotropic and anisotropic fluid, equilibrium conditions, null energy condition and exotic volume at the throat of the wormhole with radius [Formula: see text].