bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does fire drive fatty acid composition in seed coats of physically dormant species?
Authors: McInnes S. J. , Tangney R. , Brophy J. J. , Thordarson P. , Ooi M. K. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Seed dormancy is the key driver regulating seed germination, hence is fundamental to the seedling recruitment life‐history stage and population persistence. However, despite the importance of physical dormancy (PY) in timing post‐fire germination, the mechanism driving dormancy‐break within seed coats remains surprisingly unclear. We suggest that seed coat chemistry may play an important role in controlling dormancy in species with PY. In particular, seed coat fatty acids (FAs) are hydrophobic, and have melting points within the range of seed dormancy‐breaking temperatures. Furthermore, melting points of saturated FAs increase with increasing carbon chain length. We investigated whether fire could influence seed coat FA profiles and discuss their potential influence on dormancy mechanisms.
Seed coat FAs of 25 species within the Faboideae, from fire‐prone and fire‐free ecosystems, were identified and quantified through GC–MS. Fatty acid profiles were interpreted in the context of species habitat and interspecific variation.
Fatty acid compositions were distinct between species from fire‐prone and fire‐free habitats. Fire‐prone species tended to have longer saturated FA chains, a lower ratio of saturated to unsaturated FA, and a slightly higher relative amount of FAs compared to fire‐free species.
The specific FA composition of seed coats of fire‐prone species indicated a potential role of FAs in dormancy mechanisms. Overall, the distinct FA composition between fire‐prone and fire‐free species suggests that chemistry of the seed coat may be under selection pressure in fire‐prone ecosystems.
Dissociable feedback valence effects on frontal midline theta during reward gain versus threat avoidance learning
Authors: Stolz Christopher , Pickering Alan D. , Mueller Erik M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhile frontal midline theta (FMθ) has been associated with threat processing, with cognitive control in the context of anxiety, and with reinforcement learning, most reinforcement learning studies on FMθ have used reward rather than threat‐related stimuli as reinforcer. Accordingly, the role of FMθ in threat‐related reinforcement learning is largely unknown. Here, n = 23 human participants underwent one reward‐, and one punishment‐, based reversal learning task, which differed only with regard to the kind of reinforcers that feedback was tied to (i.e., monetary gain vs. loud noise burst, respectively). In addition to single‐trial EEG, we assessed single‐trial feedback expectations based on both a reinforcement learning computational model and trial‐by‐trial subjective feedback expectation ratings. While participants' performance and feedback expectations were comparable between the reward and punishment tasks, FMθ was more reliably amplified to negative vs. positive feedback in the reward vs. punishment task. Regressions with feedback valence, computationally derived, and self‐reported expectations as predictors and FMθ as criterion further revealed that trial‐by‐trial variations in FMθ specifically relate to reward‐related feedback‐valence and not to threat‐related feedback or to violated expectations/prediction errors. These findings suggest that FMθ as measured in reinforcement learning tasks may be less sensitive to the processing of events with direct relevance for fear and anxiety.
Seminal plasma lipid profiles of differential cryotolerance of semen in Mediterranean Buffalo bulls
Authors: Luo Xi , Ren Xuan , Huang Shihai , Li Yanfang , Xue Qingsong , Shi Deshun , Li Xiangping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe cryotolerance of semen obtained from Mediterranean buffalo bulls usually is more likely to deteriorate during the summer. To obtain the optimal sperm for fertility, the physiological status and reproductive performance of Mediterranean buffalo bulls in the summer and spring were first analysed by assessing blood serum and seminal plasma samples; then, the lipid profiles of seminal plasma were investigated by LC–MS/MS. The T, T3 and SOD levels of serum and seminal plasma in the spring were significantly higher than in the summer (p < .05). The results suggest that T3 level is positively correlated with semen cryotolerance; sphingolipids are potential markers for semen cryotolerance of Mediterranean buffalo. To our knowledge, this is the first report of targeted lipidomics in semen cryotolerance.
The 2D magnetohydrodynamic system with Euler‐like velocity equation and partial magnetic diffusion
Authors: Chen Tiantian , Lin Hongxia , Wu Jiahong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhen the velocity equation of the incompressible 2D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) system is inviscid, the global well‐posedness and stability problem in the whole space case remains an extremely challenging open problem. Broadman, Lin, and Wu (SIAM J. Math. Anal. 52(5) (2020): 5001‐5035) were able to establish the global well‐posedness and stability near a background magnetic field when there is damping in one velocity component. Their work exploited the stabilizing effect of the background magnetic field. This paper presents new progress. We are able to prove the global well‐posedness and stability even when the magnetic diffusion is degenerate and only in the vertical direction. The velocity equation is still inviscid and has damping only in the vertical component. The proof of this new result overcomes two main difficulties, the potential rapid growth of the velocity due to the lack of dissipation or horizontal damping and the control of nonlinearity associated with the magnetic field. By discovering the key hidden smoothing effects and incorporating them in the construction of a two‐layered energy function, we are able to obtain uniform bounds on the solution in the H3‐norm when the initial perturbation is near the background magnetic field. In addition, we prove that certain Lebesgue and Sobolev norms of the solution approach zero as time approaches infinity.
Multidimensional factors determine skill acquisition development in Guided Self‐Determination: A qualitative study
Authors: Dehn Pernille , Munch Simonsen Susan , Olesen Mette Linnet 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to investigate nurses' skill acquisition in Guided Self‐Determination according to the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition and Patricia Benner's studies based on the same model.BackgroundGlobally, person‐centred care is acknowledged as an essential aspect of quality in health care. To succeed with person‐centred care methods and skills are necessary. Guided Self‐Determination is a person‐centred method developed in the field of nursing. The method represents a new way of skill acquisition requiring knowledge of how skills are acquired, unfolded and best supported in Guided Self‐Determination.DesignQualitative interview study.MethodFrom January 2019 to August 2019, 16 nurses were interviewed about their experiences of learning and using Guided Self‐Determination in three different gynaecological settings: cancer, endometriosis and sexual abuse. The study was registered with the Danish Data Protection Agency (file no.: VD‐2018‐445, I‐Suite no.: 6700).ResultsThe spectrum in Guided Self‐Determination acquisition skills ranged from following schematical procedures in a rigorous way to an extended understanding of exploring and supporting the person‐centred concept. Two main themes were identified: Elements in the transition of knowledge from theory to practice and Aspects associated with Guided Self‐Determination skill acquisition.ConclusionsNurses practised Guided Self‐Determination at different levels. Quantity of practising Guided Self‐Determination was not the only aspect determining rapid progression. The Dreyfus model lacked several explanatory components of skill acquisition, such as personal dispositions, preferences, motivation, personal values and context.
A 163‐bp insertion in the Capana10g000198 encoding a MYB transcription factor causes male sterility in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Dong Jichi , Hu Fang , Guan Wendong , Yuan Fanchong , Lai Zepei , Zhong Jian , Liu Jia , Wu Zhiming , Cheng Jiaowen , Hu Kailin 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYMale sterility provides an efficient approach for commercial exploitation of heterosis. Despite more than 20 genic male sterile (GMS) mutants documented in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), only two causal genes have been successfully identified. Here, a novel spontaneous recessive GMS mutant, designated msc‐3, is identified and characterized at both phenotypic and histological levels. Pollen abortion of msc‐3 mutant may be due to the delayed tapetum degradation, leading to the non‐degeneration of tetrads callosic wall. Then, a modified MutMap method and molecular marker linkage analysis were employed to fine mapping the msc‐3 locus, which was delimited to the ~139.91‐kb region harboring 10 annotated genes. Gene expression and structure variation analyses indicate the Capana10g000198, encoding a R2R3‐MYB transcription factor, is the best candidate gene for the msc‐3 locus. Expression profiling analysis shows the Capana10g000198 is an anther‐specific gene, and a 163‐bp insertion in the Capana10g000198 is highly correlated with the male sterile (MS) phenotype. Additionally, downregulation of Capana10g000198 in male fertile plants through virus‐induced gene silencing resulted in male sterility. Finally, possible regulatory relationships of the msc‐3 gene with the other two reported pepper GMS genes, msc‐1 and msc‐2, have been studied, and comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the expression of 16 GMS homologs are significantly downregulated in the MS anthers. Overall, our results reveal that Capana10g000198 is the causal gene underlying the msc‐3 locus, providing important theoretical clues and basis for further in‐depth study on the regulatory mechanisms of pollen development in pepper.
MicroRNAs balance growth and salt stress responses in sweet sorghum
Authors: Sun Xi , Zheng Hong‐Xiang , Li Simin , Gao Yinping , Dang Yingying , Chen Zengting , Wu Fenghui , Wang Xuemei , Xie Qi , Sui Na 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYSalt stress is one of the major causes of reduced crop production, limiting agricultural development globally. Plants have evolved with complex systems to maintain the balance between growth and stress responses, where signaling pathways such as hormone signaling play key roles. Recent studies revealed that hormones are modulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). Previously, two sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) inbred lines with different salt tolerance were identified: the salt‐tolerant M‐81E and the salt‐sensitive Roma. The levels of endogenous hormones in M‐81E and Roma varied differently under salt stress, showing a different balance between growth and stress responses. miRNA and degradome sequencing showed that the expression of many upstream transcription factors regulating signal transduction and hormone‐responsive genes was directly induced by differentially expressed miRNAs, whose levels were very different between the two sweet sorghum lines. Furthermore, the effects of representative miRNAs on salt tolerance in sorghum were verified through a transformation system mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Also, miR‐6225‐5p reduced the level of Ca2+ in the miR‐6225‐5p‐overexpressing line by inhibiting the expression of the Ca2+ uptake gene SbGLR3.1 in the root epidermis and affected salt tolerance in sorghum. This study provides evidence for miRNA‐mediated growth and stress responses in sweet sorghum.
Early detection of late blight in potato by whole‐plant redox imaging
Authors: Hipsch Matanel , Michael Yaron , Lampl Nardy , Sapir Omer , Cohen Yigal , Helman David , Rosenwasser Shilo 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYLate blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a most devastating disease of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Its early detection is crucial for suppressing disease spread. Necrotic lesions are normally seen in leaves at 4 days post‐inoculation (dpi) when colonized cells are dead, but early detection of the initial biotrophic growth stage, when the pathogen feeds on living cells, is challenging. Here, the biotrophic growth phase of P. infestans was detected by whole‐plant redox imaging of potato plants expressing chloroplast‐targeted reduction–oxidation sensitive green fluorescent protein (chl‐roGFP2). Clear spots on potato leaves with a lower chl‐roGFP2 oxidation state were detected as early as 2 dpi, before any visual symptoms were recorded. These spots were particularly evident during light‐to‐dark transitions, and reflected the mislocalization of chl‐roGFP2 outside the chloroplasts. Image analysis based on machine learning enabled systematic identification and quantification of spots, and unbiased classification of infected and uninfected leaves in inoculated plants. Comparing redox with chlorophyll fluorescence imaging showed that infected leaf areas that exhibit mislocalized chl‐roGFP2 also showed reduced non‐photochemical quenching and enhanced quantum PSII yield (ΦPSII) compared with the surrounding leaf areas. The data suggest that mislocalization of chloroplast‐targeted proteins is an efficient marker of late blight infection, and demonstrate how it can be utilized for non‐destructive monitoring of the disease biotrophic stage using whole‐plant redox imaging.
Iberian wild leporidae as hosts of zoonotic enteroparasites in Mediterranean ecosystems of Southern Spain
Authors: Rego Laura , Castro‐Scholten Sabrina , Cano Carmen , Jiménez‐Martín Débora , Köster Pamela C. , Caballero‐Gómez Javier , Bailo Begoña , Dashti Alejandro , Hernández‐Castro Carolina , Cano‐Terriza David , Vioque Fátima , Maloney Jenny G. , Santín Mónica , García‐Bocanegra Ignacio , Carmena David , González‐Barrio David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWild lagomorphs including rabbits and hares can act as natural carriers or reservoirs of bacterial and parasitic zoonotic diseases. However, little is known on the epidemiology and potential public health significance of intestinal eukaryotes in wild leporids. We examined faecal samples from European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus, n = 438) and Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis, n = 111) collected in the Autonomous Region of Andalusia in southern Spain during 2012–2021. We searched for the presence of DNA from the main intestinal protist and microsporidial pathogens of veterinary and public health concerns using molecular methods (PCR followed by Sanger and next‐generation sequencing). Giardia duodenalis was the most prevalent species found (27.8%, 153/550; 95% CI: 24.1–31.8), followed by Cryptosporidium spp. (1.3%, 7/550; 95% CI: 0.5–2.6), Blastocystis sp. (1.1%, 6/550; 95% CI: 0.4–2.4) and Encephalitozoon intestinalis (0.2%, 1/550; 95% CI: 0.0–10.1). All samples tested negative for Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of sub‐assemblage BIV (n = 1) within G. duodenalis, and Cryptosporidium cuniculus (n = 6) and Cryptosporidium andersoni (n = 1) within Cryptosporidium. The presence of ruminant‐adapted C. andersoni is indicative of a potential cross‐species transmission event, although a spurious infection (mechanical carriage) cannot be ruled out. Samples assigned to C. cuniculus belonged to the gp60 subtype families Va (n = 3) and Vb (n = 2). The six Blastocystis‐positive samples were identified as ST2 (n = 3) and ST1 + ST2 (n = 3). Our molecular results suggest that wild rabbits and hares were primarily infected by leporid‐adapted species of eukaryotic pathogens. However, the occasional findings of zoonotic G. duodenalis sub‐assemblage BIV, Blastocystis sp. ST1 and ST2, and Encephalitozoon intestinalis could be of public health relevance.
The influence of alcohol on genioglossus single motor units in men and women during wakefulness
Authors: Avraam Joanne , Dawson Andrew , Nicholas Christian L. , Fridgant Monika D. , Fan Feiven Lee , Kay Amanda , Koay Zi Yi , Greig Rachel , O'Donoghue Fergal J. , Trinder John , Jordan Amy S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAlcohol worsens obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This effect is thought to be due to alcohol's depressant effect on upper airway dilator muscles such as the genioglossus, but how alcohol reduces genioglossal activity is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alcohol consumption on genioglossus muscle single motor units (MUs). Sixteen healthy individuals were studied on two occasions (alcohol: breath alcohol concentration ∼0.07% and placebo). They were instrumented with a nasal mask, four intramuscular genioglossal EMG electrodes, and an ear oximeter. They were exposed to 8–12 hypoxia trials (45–60 s of 10% O2 followed by one breath of 100% O2) while awake. MUs were sorted according to their firing patterns and quantified during baseline, hypoxia and recovery. For the alcohol and placebo conditions, global muscle activity (mean ± SD peak inspiratory EMG = 119.3 ± 44.1 and 126.5 ± 51.9 μV, respectively, P = 0.53) and total number of MUs recorded at baseline (68 and 67, respectively) were similar. Likewise, the peak discharge frequency did not differ between conditions (21.2 ± 4.28 vs. 22.4 ± 4.08 Hz, P = 0.09). There was no difference between conditions in the number (101 vs. 88, respectively) and distribution of MU classes during hypoxia, and afterdischarge duration was also similar. In this study, alcohol had a very minor effect on genioglossal activity and afterdischarge in these otherwise healthy young individuals studied while awake. If similar effects are observed during sleep, it would suggest that the worsening of OSA following alcohol may be related to increased upper airway resistance/nasal congestion or arousal threshold changes.
Task-Oriented Methodology Combining Human Manual Gestures and Robotic Grasp Stability Analyses: Application to the Specification of Dexterous Robotic Grippers
Authors: Escorcia-Hernandez Jonatan Martin , Grossard Mathieu , Gosselin Florian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The objective of this article is to present a comprehensive task analysis methodology that can provide guidelines for the design of dexterous robotic grippers that are versatile enough to perform various tasks, yet simple to manufacture. This methodology combines a human-centered gestures analysis and an object-centered grasp stability analysis. The former relies on a careful examination of a human operator’s hands gestures while performing a specific process, providing designers with tools that help specify the number of fingers, the number of degrees-of-freedom, and the placement of tactile sensors. The latter exploits a grasp quality metric to compute the efforts required to handle the involved objects, providing guidelines for the specification of the actuation system. Using observations of operators at work as a source of inspiration allows guarantying the ability to perform the considered tasks (with guaranteed stability, thanks to the grasp analysis), contrary to technologically driven optimization methodologies, which often sacrifice manipulation capabilities for the sake of simplicity. Yet, our task-oriented approach allows focusing on certain tasks, hence simpler solutions than bio-mimetic designs that try to fully mimic the human hand. In other words, the methodology introduced in this article intends to help specify multi-fingered architectures able to maintain a high degree of dexterity with a reduced kinematic complexity, favoring the best possible compromise between grasp capabilities and design complexity. This approach is exemplified by defining technical specifications for the design of a multi-fingered robotic gripper intended to perform the tasks involved in a sterility testing process.
Automatic Facial Expression Analysis as a Measure of User-Designer Empathy
Authors: Salmi Aleksi , Li Jie , Holtta-Otto Katja 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In human-centered product design and development, understanding the users is essential. Empathizing with the user can help designers gain deeper insights into the user experience and their needs. However, a few studies have captured empathy real time during user interactions. Accordingly, the degree to which empathy occurs and enhances user understanding remains unclear. To narrow this gap, a study was performed exploring the use of video-based facial expression analysis during user interviews, as a means to capture empathy related to understanding vehicle driving experiences under challenging conditions. Mimicry and synchrony have been shown to be predictors of empathy in cognitive psychology. In this study, we adapted this method to study 46 user-designer interviews. The results show that the user and designer exhibited mimicry in their facial expressions, which thereby indicated that affective empathy can be captured via simple video facial recognition. However, we found that the user's facial expressions might not represent their actual emotional tone, which can mislead the designer, and they achieve false empathy. Further, we did not find a link between the observed mimicry of facial expressions and the understanding of mental contents, which indicated that the affective and some cognitive parts of user empathy may not be directly connected. Further studies are needed to understand how facial expression analysis can further be used to study and advance empathic design.
Evaluation of Students’ Learning Through Reflection on Doing Based on Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Wu Yupeng , Ming Zhenjun , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we address the following question: How can instructors leverage assessment instruments used to process information gleaned from design, build, and test courses to simultaneously improve student outcomes and assess student learning well enough to improve the course in the future? A take-away is unstructured text written by students in AME4163: Principles of engineering design to record what they understand by reflecting on authentic and immersive experiences that occur throughout the semester. The immersive experiences include lectures, assignments, reviews, building, testing, and post-analysis for the design of an electro-mechanical system to address a given customer need. In the context of a take-away, a student then writes a learning statement that is a structured sentence written as a triple, i.e., (Experience—Learning—Value). Between 2019 and 2021, we collected about 10,000 take-aways and learning statements from almost 400 students. In this paper, we address the question from the perspective of students’ feelings and use dictionary-based sentiment analysis to evaluate students’ subjective feelings toward what they are learning. Through quantitative results, we get an overview of students’ sentiments, analyze the underlying reasons, and provide evidence-based guidance to instructors on how to improve the delivery of the course in the future. Our focus in this paper is on explaining the method using data from AME4163, which is general and can be extended to other courses.