bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation method of marine microplastic model in a short degradation time
Authors: Nakatani Hisayuki , Ohshima Yuina , Uchiyama Taishi , Suguru Motokucho , Yagi Mitsuharu , Kyozuka Yusaku 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To establish a marine microplastic (MP) model, the sizes and O/C molar ratios of MP particles retrieved from the sea were measured using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analysis. Most of the MP particles exhibit a diameter of <20 mm and O/C molar ratios of 0.1–0.2, indicating that they are mainly composed of polyethylene, polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene. An O/C ratio of 0.1 for PP was reached after being degraded for 75 days via an advanced oxidation process (AOP) in distilled water. The usage of SO4•− initiator overcame the inhibiting effect that seawater had on PP degradation and accelerated the process. The O/C molar ratio of a PP sample degraded via AOP for 15 days in seawater is the same as that of marine MP retrieved from the sea. The combination of seawater and SO4•− initiator thus led to excellent acceleration of the degradation process. Nanosized PP particles were obtained over 15 days of AOP degradation, showing that the size of the MP could be controlled according to the degradation time.
10-year Trends in Diagnostic Stability and Distribution among Psychiatric Inpatients in a General Hospital in China
Authors: Liu Furu , Gao Menghui , Wu Renrong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose： To evaluate the diagnostic stability between admission and discharge of psychiatric inpatients in a general hospital, as well as to assess the distribution of diseases in the sample over the past decade. Methods: A total of 20,359 psychiatric inpatients were included in this retrospective study from June 2011 to December 2020. The short-term diagnostic consistency was evaluated by comparing their first admission and discharge diagnoses. Readmission patients' first and last discharge diagnoses were also compared to analyze the relatively long-term diagnostic stability. Demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed to identify predictors of diagnostic discrepancy during hospitalization. Results: From 2011-2020, for all psychiatric inpatients, the average length of stay decreased from 22 days to 17 days. The hospitalization rate decreased from 42.4% to 20.7% for schizophrenia and grew from 13.8% to 25.5% for depression. Diagnoses were retained by 92.6% of patients at their first discharge diagnosis, ranging from 100% for disorders of psychological development to 16.3% for unspecified mental disorders. Most diagnostic conversions were to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. However, among rehospitalizations, the diagnostic stability notably dropped to 71.3%. For rehospitalizations, mood disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders were relatively stable diagnoses categories, with 72.7%-76.7% of patients receiving the same diagnosis, although results of specified diagnoses within these categories ranged from 5.9% to 91%. Length of hospitalization and age were associated with the diagnosis alterations. Conclusion: Even though the diagnosis of mental disorders was stable in short hospitalizations, maintaining longitudinal and long-term consistency of diagnosis still requires more effort.
Experimental and numerical analysis for improving the suction capacity of the manufactured water jet ejectors
Authors: Ayna Tuncer , Dilibal Savaş 
Published: August 2022

Water jet ejectors are the silent pumping fluid devices which doesn’t have any rotating parts in functional industrial applications. The dimensionless geometrical parameters effects ejector suction capacity. In this study, it is found that optimum design intervals have been determined by using the Response Surface Method (RSM). Design ranges determined in the dimensionless study have been used in the improvement of the suction capacity of an existing ejector. The suction capacity of the existing ejector is investigated via numerical and experimental analysis. Two new water jet ejector designs (D1 and D2) are built to improve the suction capacity of the initial water jet ejector (D0). The generated design parameters have been analyzed by using SolidWorks flow analysis and optimization software. The suction capacity of the ejector has been determined through the iterative numerical analysis for the selected geometrical parameters under the applied design conditions. The effect of design parameters on the suction capacity of the water jet ejectors is unveiled through numerical and experimental analysis. The established designs were produced as two novel bronze water jet ejectors. The suction capacities of the produced bronze water jet ejectors have been investigated experimentally. The numerical results have been validated using the experimental results. It is achieved that the suction capacity of the manufactured water jet ejector with the improved design (D2) is suddenly increased from 52.05 m3/h to 103.4 m3/h.
Simulation of chain of tanks to augment water supply: a case study from Tamil Nadu
Authors: Abraham Marykutty , Venugopal K. , Arunkumar R. , Pramada S. K. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The application of system dynamics techniques is gaining significance and is much needed for an effective management of the depleting water resources in a dynamically complex region and considers it as the feedback from the system. The present study deals with the application of a system dynamic approach to simulate a chain of four tanks in the Guduvanchery watershed, Tamil Nadu, India. Standard data-driven models cannot be effectively used due to a lack of quality data for ungauged basins. VENSIM was used for the system dynamic simulation to assess water availability for the sustainable management of water resources. Inflow into the four tanks, net losses in each tank, and crop water requirement were given as inputs into VENSIM. Along with different models, an extensive field survey was carried out to quantify each input component. Based on system dynamics simulation, only 28% of the total available water is used for irrigation and the rest is wasted due to evaporation, transition loss, and spill from the tanks. It was found that there was approximately 5.46 MCM of surface water available in the watershed, and it will be able to supply the domestic demand of the watershed of 0.672 MCM in addition to the irrigation requirement.
Visible light responsive Cu-N/TiO2 nanoparticles for the photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A
Authors: Krishnan Sukanya , Karim Ansaf V. , Shriwastav Amritanshu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Visible light active co-doped Cu-N/TiO2 photocatalyst was synthesized by the sol-gel method. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry (UV-vis DRS). The co-doping with Cu-N reduced the bandgap (∼2.83 eV) and extended the optical absorption range of TiO2 catalysts to the visible region. The incorporation of Cu and N on TiO2 lattice results in sub-conduction and valence band formation, which enhanced the photoactivity and electron-hole generation rate. The visible light activity of Cu-N/TiO2 was evaluated via photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) under blue LED illumination. The maximum BPA degradation of 42.7% was observed at 0.5 g L−1 catalyst dosage, initial pH of BPA solution = 8.2, and initial BPA concentration of 10 ppm. Further, a possible mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of BPA was also established.
Alpha-NETA, as a CMKLR1 Small Molecule Antagonist, Protects against
Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Mice
Authors: Peng Xue , Wang Wenjuan , Wang Wenhao , Qi Jingrui 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the major causes of acute kidney
injury (AKI). Chemerin chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) has been reported to be involved in the
progression of IR injury. Here, we investigated the protective role of CMKLR1 antagonist, α-NETA, in
IR mouse model, and dissected the underlying regulatory mechanism.

Methods:
IR injury mouse model was established to evaluate the protective effects of α-NETA on IR
injury. Kidney injury-associated parameters and functions were examined to evaluate the renal function
of Sham, IR, and IR+ α-NETA mice. Renal morphological changes and apoptosis were determined by
PAS and TUNEL staining in IR and α-NETA treated mice. ELISA, RT-qPCR, and western blot were
performed to examine the inflammatory responses and expression of CMKLR1.

Results:
α-NETA administration attenuated IR-induced renal tubular injury and epithelial cell apoptosis
in IR injury mice. Kidney injury-related cystatin C, kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinaseassociated
lipocalin, and renal morphology were significantly improved. Mechanistically, α-NETA
suppressed the inflammatory responses by inhibiting the expression of CMKLR1, and then protected
the IR-induced renal damage and restored renal function.

Conclusion:
CMKLR1 plays an important role in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, targeting
CMKLR1 by using the small molecule inhibitor α-NETA is a potential treatment strategy for AKI.
Effect of Myrcene on Th17/Treg Balance and Endocrine Function in
Autoimmune Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Mice through the MAPK
Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hu Fengying , Zhou Xianwei , Jiang Yanjiao , Huang Xinhe , Sheng Shaoqin , Li Dongsheng 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a defect of ovarian functions in
women younger than 40 years old. Although a large number of studies have focused on investigating
autoimmune POI, its detailed pathogenesis is still largely unknown. Several studies have indicated that
Myrcene exerted a part in the biological processes of various diseases. Nonetheless, whether Myrcene
could influence the development of autoimmune POI remains to be elucidated.

Methods:
POI model was established by injecting zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (pZP3). Hematoxylin
and eosin (H&E) staining was applied to evaluate the pathological features of ovarian tissues. Enzymelinked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for assessing the concentrations of estradiol (E2),
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and
interleukin (IL)-17. Flow cytometry analysis was conducted for assessing the balance of Th17/Treg
cells.

Results:
The results showed that decreased levels of body weight, ovarian weight and ovarian index
were reversed by Myrcene in POI model mice. The estrous cycles in mice were extended in pZP3 mice
and Myrcene administration restored it to normal. The reduced number of primordial, primary, and
secondary follicles as well as the increased number of atretic follicles in POI mice were offset by
Myrcene administration. Moreover, Myrcene could modulate the Th17/Treg balance in autoimmune
POI. Besides, Myrcene suppressed the MAPK signaling pathway in pZP3 mice.

Conclusion:
Myrcene regulated the Th17/Treg balance and endocrine function in autoimmune POI
mice through the MAPK signaling pathway, which might provide a reference for improving the
treatment of autoimmune POI.
LncRNA DSCAM-AS1: A Pivotal Therapeutic Target in Cancer
Authors: Hu Chengyu 
Published: August 2022

Background:
LncRNAs are an emerging category of non-coding RNAs. LncRNAs are
usually greater than 200 nucleotides in length and do not possess protein editing capabilities.
DSCAM-AS1 is a highly valued member of the lncRNAs family. Numerous studies have revealed
the involvement of the oncogene DSCAM-AS1 in multiple biological processes, including metastasis,
aggressiveness and cell proliferation. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms and
clinical significance of DSCAM-AS1 in various tumor types.

Methods:
This paper analyzes and summarizes current research by searching PubMed using
“DSCAM-AS1” and “tumor” as keywords.

Results:
DSCAM-AS1 is a valuable tumor-associated lncRNA with significant oncogenic effects.
It is abnormally expressed in a variety of cancers, such as non-small cell lung cancer, cervical
cancer, osteosarcoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer and endometrial cancer. The
overexpression of DSCAM-AS1 promotes cancer progression by modulating cancer cell proliferation,
invasion, distant metastasis, and resistance.

Conclusion:
DSCAM-AS1 is upregulated and acts as an oncogene in multiple tumors. As more
systematic studies are performed, DSCAM-AS1 may prove to be a promising therapeutic target or
tumor biomarker.
Evaluation and Application of ZIC-HILIC Columns Selectivity for Four
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Rasheed Ashraf S. , Fadhil Ayad K. , M. Hassan Mohammed Jasim 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are helpful medications for
treating hypertension and heart failure and have been proposed as a possible alternative to standard
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

Objective:
The present article describes and validates sensitive hydrophilic interaction liquid
chromatography methods to simultaneously analyse four angiotensin II receptor blockers: valsartan,
telmisartan, losartan, and irbesartan.

Method:
Numerous chromatographic parameters were studied and optimized in detail. As a mobile
phase, the best separation was obtained on two handmade columns (ZIC-S1 and ZIC-S4) using
acetonitrile/sodium acetate buffer (40 mM, pH 4.75). The detection of target pharmaceuticals
was obtained at 220 nm.

Results:
The linear ranges of target drugs (valsartan, telmisartan, losartan, and irbesartan) were
0.02-4, 0.06-7, 0.005-6 and 0.08-5 μg/mL on the ZIC-S1 and ZIC-S4 columns, respectively. The
suggested methods demonstrated high precision (RSD ≤ 1.15), linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9964), and accuracy
(between 98.88 and 101%) with detection and quantitation limits of (0.0021-0.0550 and
0.0063-0.1666 μg/mL, respectively) for all target pharmaceuticals.

Conclusion:
The suggested methods have been validated and applied to pharmaceutical formulations,
indicating that it is suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of these medications.
Novel DNMT3B Mutation in a Patient with Immunodeficiency, Centromeric
Instability, and Facial Anomalies (ICF) Syndrome and a Bronchopulmonary
Collateral Artery
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Hossein , Rezaei Nima , Aminorroaya Arya , Rayzan Elham , Shahkarami Sepideh , Seyedpour Simin , Zoghi Samaneh , Aryan Zahra , Somekh Ido , Rohlfs Meino , Klein Christoph 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome
is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. ICF1 is caused by bi-allelic mutations in the gene encoding
deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase-3B (DNMT3B). Herein, we report a novel homozygous
DNMT3B mutation in a patient with ICF1.

Case Presentation:
An eight-month-old Iranian Caucasian infant of consanguineous 1st-degree cousins
presented to our clinic for evaluation of neutropenia. Physical examination was unremarkable
except for low-set ears and a systolic cardiac murmur. He had a history of recurrent respiratory infections
and oral thrush. Moreover, a collateral artery between the bronchial and pulmonary arteries
was observed on the angiogram, mimicking a patent ductus arteriosus on the echocardiogram. Growth
percentiles were normal; however, he had a neurodevelopmental delay. Family history was significant
for a sibling who deceased at nine months of age after recurrent respiratory infections. Laboratory
evaluation revealed a normal white blood cell count with neutropenia and normal bone marrow
studies. He had hypogammaglobinemia with normal flow cytometric studies and was treated with
prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and itraconazole. After that, he was re-admitted three
times due to recurrent episodes of pneumonia and an episode of pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis.
Currently, he is five years old and doing well on monthly intravenous immunoglobulin. Due to recurrent
infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, and neutropenia, as well as a family history of consanguinity
and a sibling who deceased during infancy, a primary immune deficiency was suspected.
Genetic studies utilizing whole-exome sequencing demonstrated a homozygous missense mutation
in DNMT3B (LRG_56t1:c.2008C>T; p.Arg670Trp) in the patient studied. The mutation has not been
previously reported.

Conclusion:
We describe a novel homozygous DNMT3B mutation in an Iranian boy with ICF1. It is
associated with recurrent infections, hypogammaglobinemia, neutropenia, mild facial anomalies, and
a bronchopulmonary collateral artery.
Evaluating the Cytotoxicity of Monolayered and Multilayered
Carbon Nanotubes on Three Different Human Cell Lines
Authors: Nezhad Anahita Marhounian , Farshad Omid , Morowvat Mohammad Hossein 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology have emerged as novel
technologies for the production and application of nanoscale materials in different pharmaceutical,
medical, and biological fields. Besides, there are a bunch of recently published
patents in this field. Although Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have various advantages and can
be applied for a wide variety of purposes, their toxicity on humans is a matter of concern.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate six different types of CNTs, including pristine,
carboxylated, and hydroxylated single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and multi-walled CNTs
(MWCNTs) on three human cell lines.

Methods:
MTT assay was employed to assess the cytotoxicity of six types of CNTs, including
pristine, carboxylated, and hydroxylated forms of SWCNTs and MWCNTs on
three different human cell lines.

Results:
The findings of the MTT assay showed that the six different types of CNTs (100-
600 μg/mL) exhibited different levels of cytotoxicity on the three human cell lines. The
observed trend presented dose-dependent cytotoxicity on the three studied cell lines, including
pulmonary, skin, and gastrointestinal cell lines. SWCNT-COOH and MWCNTs
accounted for the lowest cell viability in the three human cell lines.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, researchers and industrial workers are recommended to be cautious
while working with different types of CNT because all their toxicity dimensions have
not been determined yet.
Varying Effects of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) on the Bacterial
Cells
Authors: Vimal Archana , Jouvairiya Umme , Fatima Alvi Mehar , Ahmad Faridi Soban , Osama Khwaja 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Nanoparticles have a wide range of responsive reactions in bacterial cells depending on their
characteristics. They interact with organisms at a cellular level and are capable of producing unexpected
reactions depending on their own and cell’s morphological features. Some functions provide betterment
of cells and some cause disruptions in the cell functioning or exhibit toxicity for them. Nanoparticles,
depending on their toxicity, can also cause alterations in cellular physiology. Different nanoparticles affect different biological species in different ways. As a result, a comprehensive investigation is necessary
for all types of nanoparticles to demonstrate their beneficial and harmful effects on various species in
terms of growth, inhibition, toxicity, and death. In this review, we have only focused on the iron nanoparticle and their effects on bacterial cells as they are the most commonly used nanoparticle in biology and
microbiology because of their unique physicochemical properties (size, shape, stability, etc.). These properties of NPs allow them to react with the bacterial cell surfaces and create a response (which can either
support the growth of the bacteria or cause an anti-bacterial or anti-microbial effect on them). These
properties are also changeable if we alter the morphological features of the NPs. Studies have shown improvement in microbiological reaction rates by using magnetic nanoparticles. However, nanoparticle toxicity is the major area of concern, as it can decrease therapeutic efficiency and cause adverse effects. Considering the wide range of responses and their reasons, this review summarizes the effects an iron oxide
nanoparticle can have on the bacterial cell in general, the factors that influence those effects, and the relation of NP's characteristics to their significant differences in effects on bacteria.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis of a Novel Schiff Base Scaffolds of Pyrazole
Nuclei: Green Synthetic Method
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Karati Dipanjan , Mahadik K.R. 
Published: August 2022

Aim:
The research aims to develop a sustainable microwave-assisted scheme for Synthesizing
5-(benzylidene amino)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile congeners.

Background:
5-(benzylideneamino)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile scaffolds are novel molecules
having various pharmacological activities such as neurodegenerative, anti-microbial, anticancer.
Schiff base congeners are considered as efficient pharmacophores for research. These activities
are due to the presence of azomethine (CH=N) group in the Schiff base compounds.

Objectives:
To synthesise different novel Schiff base compounds of pyrazole nuclei by green
chemistry with a decent yield.

Methods:
The 5-(benzylideneamino)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile scaffolds were prepared
by two-step reactions. Both steps were microwave-assisted. The first step was to synthesize 5-
amino-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile as an intermediate compound. This compound was
synthesized by using phenyl hydrazine and 2-(ethoxymethylene)malononitrile. The temperature,
pressure, and time required for this reaction were 102°C, 300W, and 45 minutes respectively.
In the second step, the final Schiff base congeners were attained by reacting this compound with
several aromatic aldehydes. The yield, reaction condition, and time consumption were all acceptable
for the green synthetic methods rather than the conventional schemes.

Results:
The microwave-assisted method was more efficient. The reactions were less timeconsuming,
and the overall yield of the all-synthesized compounds was 75-82%. Different spectroscopic
methods characterized the synthesized congeners. The IR peak is considered the main functional
group (azomethine) at 1611 cm-1 wavelength.

Conclusions:
This microwave-assisted synthetic scheme thus appears more environmentally due
to a significant reduction in organic solvents, resulting in fewer hazardous residues. Using this
scheme, we prepared different Schiff base congeners with satisfactory chemical yields.
Recent Progress in SiC Nanostructures as Anode Materials for Lithium-
Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yi , Wu Qi-Hui , Fan Xiaohong , Deng Dingrong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract:
Large volume variation during charge/discharge of silicon (Si) nanostructures applied
as the anode electrodes for high energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been considered the most
critical problem, inhibiting their commercial applications. Searching for alternative high performance anodes for LIBs has been emphasized. Silicon carbide (SiC) nanomaterials, a wide
bandgap semiconductor with excellent mechanical properties, have been investigated as anode
electrode materials even as active materials, protective layers, or inactive buffer stuff. In this mini review, we briefly summarize the synthesis of SiC nanostructures, the application of SiC/C anode
materials, and SiC/Si composite anodes in LIBs.