bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme erosion by submarine slides
Authors: Nugraha Harya D. , Jackson Christopher A.-L. , Johnson Howard D. , Hodgson David M. , Clare Michael A. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Submarine slides (including slides, slumps, and debris flows) pose major geohazards by triggering tsunami and damaging essential submarine infrastructure. Slide volume, a key parameter in hazard assessments, can increase markedly through substrate and/or water entrainment. However, the erosive potential of slides is uncertain. We quantified slide erosivity by determining the ratio of deposited (Vd) to initially evacuated (Ve) sediment volumes; i.e., slides that gain volume through erosion have a Vd/Ve ratio &gt;1. We applied this method to the Gorgon slide, a large (500 km3), seismically imaged slide offshore northwestern Australia, and reviewed Vd/Ve ratios for 11 other large slides worldwide. Nine of the 11 slides have Vd/Ve &gt; 1 (median value = 2), showing emplaced volumes increased after initial failure. The Gorgon slide is the most erosive slide currently documented (Vd/Ve = 13), possibly reflecting its passage across a highly erodible carbonate ooze substrate. Our new approach to quantifying erosion is important for hazard assessments given substrate-flow interactions control slide speed and runout distance. The variations in slide volume also have important implications for submarine infrastructure impact assessments, including more robust tsunami modeling.
Evolution of paediatric eating disorders in Singapore: a historical cohort study
Authors: Wong Lisa , Goh Lee Gan , Ramachandran Rajeev 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveMost eating disorders (EDs) develop during adolescence, impacting a critical period of development. There is limited research on EDs in children in Singapore or the rest of South-East (SE) Asia.DesignWe analysed a hospital-based cohort of paediatric patients (≤18 years) with EDs (n=177) in Singapore between 2011 and 2021. Historical trends, over three decades, were obtained by comparison with two previously published Singapore studies.ResultsOf the 177 patients, the majority 158 (89%) were females, with anorexia nervosa (AN) 151 (85%). The mean age at diagnosis was 14.6 (SD 1.8) years. For AN, the mean duration of illness before diagnosis was 8.3 (SD 6.3) months and this has decreased by 8.4 months (95% CI 4.5 to 12.3 months, p=<0.0001) from the 2003 to 2010 cohort, and 17.7 months (95% CI 12.6 to 22.8 months, p=<0.0001) from the 1994 to 2002 cohort. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) cases are increasing, and the clinical profile differs from other EDs. Since family-based therapy (FBT) was introduced for patients with AN, the remission rate at 1 year improved from 30% to 79%, and time to remission has decreased from 16 to 7.5 months.ConclusionsAN is the most common ED in paediatric patients in Singapore. Over the past three decades, EDs are being diagnosed earlier. FBT has emerged as the most effective treatment for AN. ARFID is being diagnosed more frequently. Data suggest that EDs are prevalent and increasing among adolescents in SE Asia. Singapore is a good test case for SE Asia, but research and attention to the problem in the region is needed.
Impact of vaping on respiratory health
Authors: Jonas Andrea 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWidespread uptake of vaping has signaled a sea change in the future of nicotine consumption. Vaping has grown in popularity over the past decade, in part propelled by innovations in vape pen design and nicotine flavoring. Teens and young adults have seen the biggest uptake in use of vape pens, which have superseded conventional cigarettes as the preferred modality of nicotine consumption. Relatively little is known, however, about the potential effects of chronic vaping on the respiratory system. Further, the role of vaping as a tool of smoking cessation and tobacco harm reduction remains controversial. The 2019 E-cigarette or Vaping Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) outbreak highlighted the potential harms of vaping, and the consequences of long term use remain unknown. Here, we review the growing body of literature investigating the impacts of vaping on respiratory health. We review the clinical manifestations of vaping related lung injury, including the EVALI outbreak, as well as the effects of chronic vaping on respiratory health and covid-19 outcomes. We conclude that vaping is not without risk, and that further investigation is required to establish clear public policy guidance and regulation.
CD40×HER2 bispecific antibody overcomes the CCL2-induced trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer
Authors: Sun Weilin , Wang Xi , Wang Daohan , Lu Li , Lin Hai , Zhang Zhaoxiong , Jia Yangpu , Nie Xinyang , Liu Tong , Fu Weihua 
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThere was much hard work to study the trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC), but the information which would reveal this abstruse mechanism is little. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of tumor cell-derived CCL2 on trastuzumab resistance and overcome the resistance by treatment with the anti-CD40-scFv-linked anti-HER2 (CD40 ×HER2) bispecific antibody (bsAb).MethodsWe measured the levels of CCL2 expression in HER2-positive GC tissues, and revealed biological functions of tumor cell-derived CCL2 on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and the trastuzumab resistance. Then, we developed CD40 ×HER2 bsAb, and examined the targeting roles on HER2 and CD40, to overcome the trastuzumab resistance without systemic toxicity.ResultsWe found the level of CCL2 expression in HER2-postive GC was correlated with infiltration of TAMs, polarization status of infiltrated TAMs, trastuzumab resistance and survival outcomes of GC patients. On exposure to CCL2, TAMs decreased the M1-like phenotype, thereby eliciting the trastuzumab resistance. CCL2 activated the transcription of ZC3H12A, which increased K63-linked deubiquitination and K48-linked auto-ubiquitination of TRAF6/3 to inactivate NF-κB signaling in TAMs. CD40 ×HER2 bsAb, which targeted the CD40 to restore the ubiquitination level of TRAF6/3, increased the M1-like phenotypic transformation of TAMs, and overcame trastuzumab resistance without immune-related adversary effects (irAEs).ConclusionsWe revealed a novel mechanism of trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive GC via the CCL2-ZC3H12A-TRAF6/3 signaling axis, and presented a CD40 ×HER2 bsAb which showed great antitumor efficacy with few irAEs.
Cannabis use and workplace cannabis availability, perceptions and policies among Canadian workers: a comparison before and after the legalisation of non-medical cannabis
Authors: Carnide Nancy , Lee Hyunmi , Landsman Victoria , Frone Michael R , Furlan Andrea D , Smith Peter M 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesLittle data exist examining the impact of non-medical (recreational) cannabis legalisation among a working population. The objective was to compare cannabis use patterns and workplace risk perceptions, cannabis availability and workplace use policies before and almost 1 year after legalisation in Canadian workers.MethodsTwo overlapping cross-sectional samples of Canadian workers were surveyed 4 months before legalisation (time 1 (T1), n=2011) and 9–11 months after legalisation (time 2 (T2), n=4032), gathering information on cannabis use (overall and workplace use), workers’ perceptions regarding risks of workplace use, availability of cannabis at work and awareness of workplace substance use policies. The marginal distributions of these variables at T1 and T2 were compared, adjusting for sociodemographic, work and health and lifestyle factors.ResultsCannabis use status changed from prelegalisation to postlegalisation (p<0.0001), with fewer respondents reporting former use (ie, more than 1 year ago; 40.4% at T1, 33.0% at T2) and a greater proportion of workers reporting past-year use (30.4% at T1, 39.3% at T2). Never use remained stable (29.2% at T1, 27.6% at T2). Workplace cannabis use also remained stable (9.4% at T1, 9.1% at T2; p=0.4580). At T1, 62.7% of respondents reported being aware of their workplace having a substance use policy, increasing to 79.0% at T2 (p<0.0001). Small magnitude changes occurred in perceptions of risk and workplace availability.ConclusionsResults point to a lack of substantive changes in the short-term from prelegalisation to postlegalisation. Longer-term data among workers are needed given the evolving nature of this legislative policy.
Predictors of response to secukinumab in patients with psoriatic arthritis and axial manifestations: a post-hoc analysis of the MAXIMISE trial
Authors: Baraliakos Xenofon , Pournara Effie , Gossec Laure , Mease Philip J , White Roisin , O’Brien Eamonn , Schulz Barbara , Marzo-Ortega Helena , Coates Laura C 
Published: July 2022

ObjectivesTo investigate patient characteristics predictive of response to secukinumab in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with axial manifestations.MethodsIn a post-hoc analysis from the MAXIMISE trial (NCT02721966) in patients with PsA and axial manifestations, we tested the hypothesis that the OR of the effect of treatment on the primary endpoint of the trial (Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) 20 responder status at week 12) would be different depending on 12 prespecified predictor variables. We applied a two-model logistic regression approach, a main effects and an interaction model.ResultsThe OR (95% CI) for ASAS20 response for the presence of nail dystrophy was 3.2 (95% CI 0.93 to 10.99) in the secukinumab 150 mg group and 5.0 (95% CI 1.47 to 17.19) in the secukinumab 300 mg group compared with the placebo group (p=0.029). Odds of being a responder were similar in men and women in the secukinumab groups, though men fared worse than women in the placebo group (p=0.039). Current smokers were less likely to be ASAS20 responders compared with never smokers regardless of the treatment group (p=0.589).ConclusionNail dystrophy was identified as a predictor of response to secukinumab in patients with PsA with axial manifestations in the MAXIMISE trial. These findings may be explained by the nail-entheseal concept as part of the axial phenotype in PsA .
The smoking population is not hardening in South Korea: a study using the Korea Community Health Survey from 2010 to 2018
Authors: Jung Boyoung , Lee Jung Ah , Kim Ye-Jee , Cho Hong-Jun 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThe hardening hypothesis proposes that the proportion of hardcore smokers increases when smoking prevalence declines. To evaluate whether such hardening occurs in South Korea, we examined the association between quitting behaviours, the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the proportion of hardcore smokers and smoking prevalence among local districts in South Korea.MethodsThis study used the cross-sectional data from the Korea Community Health Survey (2010–2018) to examine local district-level associations between smoking prevalence and quit attempts, quit plans, quit ratios, cigarettes smoked per day and the proportion of hardcore smokers. Panel regression analysis was performed using the indicators of hardcore smoking (quit attempts, quit plans, quit ratios, cigarettes smoked per day and proportion of hardcore smokers) as the outcome variables, and prevalence of smoking, local districts, age and sex as predictor variables.ResultsWhen the smoking prevalence of the districts decreased by 1%, quit attempts, quit plans and quit ratios increased by 0.24% (95% CI 0.11 to 0.37), 0.37% (95% CI 0.26 to 0.47) and 1.71% (95% CI 1.65 to 1.76), respectively. Cigarette consumption decreased by 0.17 cigarettes per day (95% 0.15 to 0.19), and the prevalence of hardcore smokers decreased by 0.88% (95% CI 0.78 to 0.98) when smoking prevalence decreased by 1%.ConclusionHardening of smoking did not occur in South Korea when smoking prevalence declined, which suggests tobacco control policies in South Korea have been effective in reducing smoking prevalence without increasing the proportion of hardcore smokers.
Cyclocreatine Suppresses Creatine Metabolism and Impairs Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Patel Rachana , Ford Catriona A. , Rodgers Lisa , Rushworth Linda K. , Fleming Janis , Mui Ernest , Zhang Tong , Watson David , Lynch Victoria , Mackay Gillian , Sumpton David , Sansom Owen J. , Vande Voorde Johan , Leung Hing Y. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality in men worldwide. Applying a novel genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of aggressive prostate cancer driven by deficiency of the tumor suppressors PTEN and Sprouty2 (SPRY2), we identified enhanced creatine metabolism as a central component of progressive disease. Creatine treatment was associated with enhanced cellular basal respiration in vitro and increased tumor cell proliferation in vivo. Stable isotope tracing revealed that intracellular levels of creatine in prostate cancer cells are predominantly dictated by exogenous availability rather than by de novo synthesis from arginine. Genetic silencing of creatine transporter SLC6A8 depleted intracellular creatine levels and reduced the colony-forming capacity of human prostate cancer cells. Accordingly, in vitro treatment of prostate cancer cells with cyclocreatine, a creatine analog, dramatically reduced intracellular levels of creatine and its derivatives phosphocreatine and creatinine and suppressed proliferation. Supplementation with cyclocreatine impaired cancer progression in the PTEN- and SPRY2-deficient prostate cancer GEMMs and in a xenograft liver metastasis model. Collectively, these results identify a metabolic vulnerability in prostate cancer and demonstrate a rational therapeutic strategy to exploit this vulnerability to impede tumor progression.

Significance:
Enhanced creatine uptake drives prostate cancer progression and confers a metabolic vulnerability to treatment with the creatine analog cyclocreatine.
MUHASEBE EĞİTİMİNDE E-MUHASEBE VE ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 TEKNOLOJİSİ DERSLERİ ÜZERİNE MÜFREDAT ÖNERİSİ
Authors: BAĞDAT Aydın 
Published: July 2022

Çalışmanın amacı, içinde olduğumuz e-dönüşüm sürecinde yükseköğretim düzeyinde muhasebe eğitimi verilen bölümlerde e-muhasebe ve endüstri 4.0 teknolojilerini kapsayan derslerin yeterliliğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda Türkiye’de müfredatında muhasebe dersleri yer alan bölümlerin ders planları doküman analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiş ve e-muhasebe ile endüstri 4.0 teknolojilerini içeren dersler taranmıştır.
Çalışmada 13 üniversitede muhasebe ile ilişkili bölümlerin ders planlarında e-muhasebe, e-muhasebe uygulamaları, muhasebe yazılımları ve e-muhasebe, sanayi 4.0, yapay zeka, dijital dönüşüm ve yapay zeka adlı derslere seçmeli ve zorunlu olarak yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca 1 üniversitede tüm ön lisans programlarında, doğrudan endüstri 4.0 teknolojisi derslerini içeren seçmeli ders havuzunun oluşturulduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma ile yükseköğretimde muhasebe alanında eğitim veren bölümlerde endüstri 4.0 teknolojisi ve e-muhasebe derslerine daha fazla önem verilmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Effective Approaches to Neural Query Language Identification
Authors: Ren Xingzhang , Yang Baosong , Liu Dayiheng , Zhang Haibo , Lv Xiaoyu , Yao Liang , Xie Jun 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Query language identification (Q-LID) plays a crucial role in a cross-lingual search engine. There exist two main challenges in Q-LID: (1) insufficient contextual information in queries for disambiguation; and (2) the lack of query-style training examples for low-resource languages. In this article, we propose a neural Q-LID model by alleviating the above problems from both model architecture and data augmentation perspectives. Concretely, we build our model upon the advanced Transformer model. In order to enhance the discrimination of queries, a variety of external features (e.g., character, word, as well as script) are fed into the model and fused by a multi-scale attention mechanism. Moreover, to remedy the low resource challenge in this task, a novel machine translation–based strategy is proposed to automatically generate synthetic query-style data for low-resource languages. We contribute the first Q-LID test set called QID-21, which consists of search queries in 21 languages. Experimental results reveal that our model yields better classification accuracy than strong baselines and existing LID systems on both query and traditional LID tasks.1
More microinvasive foci in larger tumours of breast ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Chen Xiao-Yang , Thike Aye Aye , Lim Johnathan Xiande , Bay Boon Huat , Tan Puay Hoon 
Published: July 2022

Introduction:
Microinvasion (Mi) is often thought to be an interim stage between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the potential influence of Mi on survival and assess its correlations with clinicopathological parameters, prognosis and molecular markers.

Methods:
The number of Mi foci in a cohort of 66 DCIS-Mi cases was assessed from haematoxylin and eosin–stained sections. Disease-free survival, clinicopathological parameters and biomarker expression were correlated with the number of Mi foci.

Results:
Higher numbers of Mi foci were found in larger tumours (P = 0.031).

Conclusion:
Greater extent of DCIS is associated with multifocal Mi.
Exploring the Role of Deep Moist Convection in the Wavenumber Spectra of Atmospheric Kinetic Energy and Brightness Temperature
Authors: Fan Da , Greybush Steven J. , Chen Xingchao , Lu Yinghui , Zhang Fuqing , Young George S. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Through a series of global convection-permitting simulations and geostationary satellite observations, this study investigates the role of deep moist convection in atmospheric kinetic energy (KE) and brightness temperature (BT) spectra in a realistic framework. The control simulation was produced on a quasi-uniform 3-km global mesh, which allowed the explicit representation of deep convection. To assess the impact of deep moist convection, a fake-dry simulation was performed with latent heating–cooling feedback in the microphysics removed for comparison. The impacts of deep moist convection on mesoscale KE spectrum are concentrated on energizing the mesoscale at the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere through buoyancy production. BT spectra for the control simulation have a similar shallow slope in the mesoscale as that for the observations. The greater spectral power of BT for the control simulation compared to the observed is attributed to the dislocation and higher intensity of simulated convection. The observed BT spectra exhibit a large diurnal variability due to the diurnal variation of the intensity of convection. The simulated BT spectrum is dependent on convective systems at different scales. Deep convection in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and shallow convection in the North Pacific storm-track region play an important role in energizing the convective scale of the BT spectrum. In the mesoscale, the BT spectrum is mainly energized by mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the ITCZ. Tropical equatorial waves and baroclinic waves in the southern midlatitudes are critical in producing the shallow slope near −5/3 and providing energy in the BT spectrum at the synoptic scale.

Significance Statement
We further explore the role of deep moist convection in kinetic energy and brightness temperature spectra through high-resolution radiance observations and convection-permitting simulations. Moist processes can energize the mesoscale of kinetic energy. Brightness temperature spectra show dependence on convective systems at different scales. These results point the way toward a new approach to evaluate the predictability of convective systems, and future development of model dynamics and parameterization.
Identification of Thermohaline Sheet and Its Spatial Structure in the Canada Basin
Authors: Lu Yuan-Zheng , Guo Shuang-Xi , Zhou Sheng-Qi , Song Xue-Long , Huang Peng-Qi 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Thirty-four individual thermohaline sheets are identified at depths of 170–400 m in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean by using the hydrographical data measured with the Ice-Tethered Profilers (ITPs) between August 2005 and October 2009. Each sheet is well determined because the salinity within itself remains very stable and the associated salinity anomaly is markedly smaller than the salinity jump between neighboring sheets. These thermohaline sheets are nested between the Lower Halocline Water (LHW) and Atlantic Water (AW) with lateral coherence of hundreds of kilometers and thickness varying from several to dozens of meters. The physical properties, including temperature, heat flux, and vertical turbulent diffusivity, in the sheet are found to be averagely associated with the AW propagation. Spatially, the thermohaline sheet is in a bowl-shaped distribution, which is deepest in the basin center and gradually becomes shallower toward the periphery. The interaction between the LHW and AW could be demonstrated through the property variances in the sheets. The temperature variances in the upper and lower sheets are correlated with the LHW and AW, respectively, transited at the 15th sheet, whereas the depth variance in the sheet is strongly correlated with the LHW. It is proposed that the sheet spatial distribution is mainly dominated by the Ekman convergence with the Beaufort Gyre, slightly modulated with the AW intrusion.

Significance Statement
The diffusive convection staircases, composed of consecutive steps containing thick mixed layers and relatively thin interfaces, are prominent between the Lower Halocline Water (LHW) and the Atlantic Water (AW) throughout the Canada Basin. This sheet-like structure is in a bowl shape with lateral coherence over hundreds of kilometers. It is proposed that the distribution of the thermohaline sheet is mainly dominated by the Ekman convergence with Beaufort Gyre, as well as the AW intrusion. The present method of thermohaline-sheet identification would have more implications beyond this work. Since the thermohaline sheet remains mostly stable and coherent on a very large spatial–temporal scale, it might play a similar role as the water mass analysis in numerous applications, e.g., climate change.
Mixing Pathways in Simple Box Models
Authors: Qu Lixin , Hetland Robert D. , Schlichting Dylan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Tracer variance budgets can be used to estimate bulk mixing in a control volume. For example, simple, analytical, bulk formulations of salt mixing, defined here as the destruction of salinity variance, can be found for estuaries with a riverine source of freshwater and a two-layer exchange flow at the mouth using salinity as a representative tracer. For a steady case, the bulk salt mixing M can be calculated as , where Sin and Sout are the representative salinities in the estuarine exchange flow, and QR and Qin are the river and landward volume fluxes, respectively. The bulk salt mixing M can be considered as the sum of mixing pathways, where each pathway has a mixing of Q(ΔS)2, where Q is the volume transport and ΔS is the salinity difference across the pathway. For the estuary case, one mixing path is associated with the river inflow, and the other is associated with the inflow of salty, oceanic water. This concept of linking mixing to input–output pathways is extended, in simple box models, from estuaries to scenarios with multiple inputs/outputs, as might be found in a complex estuarine/fjord network, in a region on a continental shelf, or any other control volume with multiple exchanges. This approach allows for the estimation of the relative contributions of each input–output pathway to the total mixing within a control volume.