bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T2 Protect AD: Achieving a rapid recruitment timeline in a multisite clinical trial for individuals with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Shadyab Aladdin H. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Matthews Genevieve , Bennett Daniel , Shadyab Alexandre A. , Tan Donna , Thomas Ronald G. , Mason Jennifer , Lopez Alex , Askew Brianna , Donahue Lia , Kaplita Stephen , Qureshi Irfan A. , Huisa Branko , Feldman Howard H. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study T2 Protect AD Study Group
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe reporting of approaches facilitating the most efficient and timely recruitment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients into pharmacologic trials is fundamental to much‐needed therapeutic progress.MethodsT2 Protect AD (T2), a phase 2 randomized placebo‐controlled trial of troriluzole in mild to moderate AD, used multiple recruitment strategies.ResultsT2 exceeded its recruitment target, enrolling 350 participants between July 2018 and December 2019 (randomization rate: 0.87 randomizations/site/month, or 3‐fold greater than recent trials of mild to moderate AD). The vast majority (98%) of participants were enrolled during a 10‐month window of intense promotion in news media, TV and radio advertisements, and social media. The distribution of primary recruitment sources included: existing patient lists at participating sites (72.3%), news media (12.3%), physician referral (6.0%), word of mouth (3.1%), and paid advertising (2.9%).DiscussionThe rapid recruitment of participants with mild to moderate AD was achieved through a range of approaches with varying success.
Urethral stenting in a dog due to compression and invasion by a liposarcoma
Authors: Brückner Michael 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAn approximately 10‐year‐old, mixed breed, entire male dog was referred for acute onset of urethral obstruction. Abdominal ultrasound was unremarkable, complete blood count, serum biochemical analysis and urine analysis were all unremarkable. A retrograde urethrogram demonstrated narrowing of the urethral lumen caudal to the ischiadic arc. Urethral stenting with a self‐expanding nitinol stent was performed and the patient was without symptoms over a 6‐month period. After that time, ingrowth of tissue into the stent lumen could be seen via a new retrograde urethrogram; therefore, a covered stent was placed into the previously placed uncovered stent. Clinical signs resolved immediately. Another contrast study 4 months later demonstrated almost complete obstruction at the distal end of the stent. Scrotal ablation with perineal urethrostomy was performed and tissue samples submitted for histopathology. Liposarcoma was diagnosed. The patient was urinating without problems, but suddenly died at home 1 week after the last surgery.
When a school is more than just a school: Improving school‐based health in the wake of COVID‐19
Authors: Haeder Simon F. , Maxfield Emily , Ulmen Kara , Anderson Sara 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic has posed tremendous challenges for economies and individuals around the world. At the same time, it has also laid bare the blatant and growing inequities that many individuals, particularly children, are confronted with on a daily basis. With communities in lockdowns and schools going virtual in many parts of the United States, the important role that schools and school‐based services play in the lives of many children have gained new attention. Nonetheless, only 3% of American schools have school‐based health centers on campus, and they remain relegated to the fringes of both health care and education. One key limitation has been the lack of appropriately trained health‐care professionals. Over the past 2 years, we have interviewed dozens of individuals about their experiences in school‐based health centers. Based on this study, we explore what it means for a health‐care professional to work in school‐based health care and how it differs from more traditional health‐care settings. Our analysis particularly focuses on training and education, work environments, and their unique demands that come from being embedded within the educational setting. We conclude by addressing the important role that governmental policies could play in augmenting this crucial workforce.
Financial Reporting in Insurance and International Financial Reporting Standards
Authors: Tomic Katica 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFinancial reporting obligations for financial institutions, including insurance companies, have increased in recent years and insurers needs to stay up-to-date on the latest revisions of International Financial Reporting Standards and data reporting requirements and to comply with it. Many of these reporting obligations on listed and large non-listed insurers will benefit the insurance industry in the long term but it is challenging and costly task for insurance companies. The complexity of organizing high-quality data, transparent and structured reporting processes for different purposes (e.g., financial and regulatory reporting, CSR reporting, and many other types of reporting at local level) with internal and external stakeholders within a specified time frame, have become a strategic initiative, value-based investment, and opportunity for growth of insurance companies. To meet the various reporting requirements while overcoming reporting challenges, insurance companies need to ensure effective data governance and oversight in their reporting processes, which require considerable staff resources, and expertise in a wide variety of area, including appropriate IT architecture setup. In this chapter, we will analyze financial reporting obligations for insurance companies and evolution of the international accounting standards for the insurance industry. Moreover, we will discuss some practical issues facing insurers to comply with different regulatory, financial, and business reporting requirements to fulfill their reporting obligations.
Remuneration Policies of Insurance Undertakings in Europe: Principles for a Deeply Heterogeneous Reality
Authors: Díaz Llavona Covadonga 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe provisions on remuneration policies and practices under the Solvency II framework have been recently supplemented by an Opinion published by the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority. The lack of any high-level standard in this respect in the Directive and the open character of most of the principles and orientations entailed in these instruments have led to a landscape of different national implementation rules, which also need to be connected to the different corporate governance provisions of each Member State.This chapter aims to analyse the European provisions about remuneration in the insurance industry and connect them first to those provided for the banking sector, and then to the Member States regimes that arise from both the implementation of the EU policies and the international rules, with the purpose of pointing out the weaker aspects of the existing regulation and proposing some possible ways for improvement.
Introduction
Authors: Pfoser Sarah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOne of the grand challenges the logistics industry is facing today is the question of how to limit the negative impact of freight transport. Despite political endeavors, the environmental performance of the transport system has not improved so far. Existing measures are not sufficient to motivate transport users to implement sustainable freight transport strategies. Without transport users’ willingness to realize sustainable freight transport, the strategies will fail. As a matter of fact, studies on transport users’ demand for sustainable freight transport strategies are scarce. It is therefore difficult to consider their needs and requirements towards sustainable freight transport. To address this gap and promote sustainable practices, this thesis studies the acceptance of sustainable freight transport. Based on the determinants of acceptance, policy measures are designed which attract transport users to implement sustainable freight transport and help decarbonize logistics.
Research Design
Authors: Pfoser Sarah 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA mixture of qualitative and quantitative research methods are used in this thesis. By involving a number of logistics companies (i.e. the users of the transport system), a user-centric perspective is ensured. The idea is to gain a profound understanding of logistics companies’ needs and requirements by studying their sustainable freight transport acceptance. Knowing the determinants of acceptance makes it possible to design policy measures which attract logistics companies to implement sustainable freight transport methods and help decarbonize logistics. The theoretical background of this thesis is twofold: on the one hand, behavioral theories are used to describe logistics companies’ acceptance, and on the other hand, organizational theories provide theoretical support for the development of policy measures.
Versorgungssituation von Parkinson-Patienten in Sachsen
Authors: Timpel Patrick , Tesch Falko , Müller Gabriele , Lang Caroline , Schmitt Jochen , Themann Peter , Hentschker-Ott Ute , Falkenburger Björn , Wolz Martin 
Published: March 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Als Bundesland mit dem höchsten Altersdurchschnitt in Deutschland und besonderen Strukturmerkmalen ländlich geprägter Gebiete sind die Folgen des demographischen Wandels bereits heute in Sachsen spürbar. Um die medizinische Versorgung von Parkinson-Patienten zu verbessern, bedarf es einer Status-quo-Analyse der aktuellen Versorgungspraxis.

Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung)
Inwieweit unterscheidet sich die Inanspruchnahme der medizinischen Leistungserbringung von Parkinson-Patienten im Vergleich von städtisch und ländlich geprägten Gebieten sowie im Vergleich von Parkinson-Patienten mit und ohne Neurologenkontakt im Beobachtungszeitraum von 2011 bis 2019?

Material und Methoden
Die Kohortenstudie basiert auf umfangreichen Routinedaten der Krankenkasse AOK PLUS der Jahre 2010 bis 2019 für Sachsen. Untersucht wurde eine Kohorte von insgesamt 15.744 Parkinson-Patienten (n = 67.448 Patientenjahre) und eine gematchte Vergleichskohorte (n = 674.480 Patientenjahre; Kriterien: Geburtsjahr, Geschlecht, Versicherungsjahr, Wohnsitz Stadt/Land) ohne ICD-10-Kodierung einer Bewegungsstörung.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt war eine kontinuierliche Zunahme der Anzahl der Erkrankten in der dynamischen Kohorte von 2011 (n = 6829) bis 2019 (n = 8254) zu beobachten. Stadt-Land-Unterschiede zeigten sich insbesondere in der geringeren (Mit‑)Behandlung durch niedergelassene Neurologen in ländlich geprägten Gebieten. Parkinson-Patienten hatten ein 3,5- bzw. 4‑fach erhöhtes Risiko zu versterben im Vergleich zu Versicherten der Vergleichskohorte. Veränderungen der medikamentösen Parkinson-Therapie (Zunahme COMT- und MAO-Inhibitoren) sowie der Heilmittelerbringung (Zunahme Ergotherapie und Logopädie) über die Beobachtungszeit zeigten sich primär bei Parkinson-Patienten mit Neurologenkontakt.

Diskussion
In der Studie konnten eine erhöhte Morbidität und Mortalität bei Parkinson-Patienten identifiziert werden, die sich als Ziel für innovative Versorgungskonzepte eignen. Die zunehmende Zahl an Patienten und die beschriebenen Unterschiede dokumentieren hierfür den Bedarf. Gleichzeitig zeigen die Veränderungen in der Verordnungspraxis, dass innovative Therapien von niedergelassenen Neurologen eingesetzt werden.
Alzheimer-Erkrankung – welche Substanzen befinden sich derzeit in Phase-III-Studien?
Authors: Hager Klaus 
Published: March 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie kürzlich von der US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) zugelassene Substanz Aduhelm/Aducanumab schürt die Hoffnung, dass weitere Substanzen gegen die Alzheimer-Erkrankung vor der Zulassung stehen könnten.Ziel der ArbeitZiel war es, den Stand der derzeitigen Phase-III-Studien zur medikamentösen, auf die Verbesserung der Kognition gerichteten Therapie bei Alzheimer-Erkrankung aufzuzeigen.Material und MethodenDie US-amerikanische Datenbank,www.clinicaltrials.gov, wurde 07.08.2021 nach aktuellen Studien zur Alzheimer-Erkrankung durchsucht und diejenigen Phase-III-Studien weiter ausgewertet, deren primärer Endpunkt eine Verbesserung der Kognition war. Das Wirkprinzip der Substanzen wurde nach der Common Alzheimerʼs Disease Research Ontology (CADRO) klassifiziert.ErgebnisseVon den gefundenen 53 Studien bezogen sich 32 Studien mit 25 Substanzen auf die Beeinflussung der Kognition, kenntlich an einem entsprechenden Test als einem der primären Endpunkte. Zwanzig der Studien sind derzeit aktiv und rekrutieren, 4 weitere rekrutieren noch nicht und 8 nehmen derzeit keine Patienten auf. Sieben Studien zielen auf Beta-Amyloid sowie Tau. Bei 20 Substanzen wird eine die Krankheit verändernde Wirkung postuliert. Jeweils 8 der Studien werden voraussichtlich 2022 und 2023 beendet sein.DiskussionDas Spektrum der Wirkmechanismen der Substanzen, die sich derzeit in Studien befinden, erscheint breit und hat überwiegend eine Veränderung des Krankheitsverlaufs zum Ziel. In den kommenden 2 Jahren besteht daher die Möglichkeit, dass weitere Medikamente gegen die Alzheimer-Erkrankung zugelassen werden könnten.
Big Five personality traits and sex
Authors: Jirjahn Uwe , Ottenbacher Martha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSexual well-being plays an important role in the quality of life. Against this background, we provide an economics-based approach to the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and various dimensions of sexuality. From a theoretical viewpoint, personality influences sexual well-being not only by how a person feels about sex, but also by how the person behaves in a sexual relationship. Personality shapes information sharing about sexual preferences, the way dissonant sexual preferences of the partners are handled, and the extent to which a person is committed to promises made to a partner. Using a large representative dataset from Germany, we find that personality traits play a role in a person’s own sexual satisfaction, in (the self-assessment of) fulfilling their partner’s sexual needs and desires, in sexual communication, in actual and desired frequency of sex, and in extradyadic affairs. Conscientiousness contributes to a mutually beneficial sex life and increases a person’s commitment to their partner. The opposite holds true for neuroticism. While extraversion and openness to experience help realize a mutually beneficial sex life, we find no evidence that they have a commitment value. On the contrary, extraversion is associated with lower commitment to the partner. Agreeableness contributes to higher commitment. However, agreeableness appears to make people more reluctant to express their sexual needs and desires.
EANM dosimetry committee recommendations for dosimetry of 177Lu-labelled somatostatin-receptor- and PSMA-targeting ligands
Authors: Sjögreen Gleisner Katarina , Chouin Nicolas , Gabina Pablo Minguez , Cicone Francesco , Gnesin Silvano , Stokke Caroline , Konijnenberg Mark , Cremonesi Marta , Verburg Frederik A. , Bernhardt Peter , Eberlein Uta , Gear Jonathan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe purpose of the EANM Dosimetry Committee is to provide recommendations and guidance to scientists and clinicians on patient-specific dosimetry. Radiopharmaceuticals labelled with lutetium-177 (177Lu) are increasingly used for therapeutic applications, in particular for the treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumours using ligands for somatostatin receptors and prostate adenocarcinoma with small-molecule PSMA-targeting ligands. This paper provides an overview of reported dosimetry data for these therapies and summarises current knowledge about radiation-induced side effects on normal tissues and dose-effect relationships for tumours. Dosimetry methods and data are summarised for kidneys, bone marrow, salivary glands, lacrimal glands, pituitary glands, tumours, and the skin in case of radiopharmaceutical extravasation. Where applicable, taking into account the present status of the field and recent evidence in the literature, guidance is provided. The purpose of these recommendations is to encourage the practice of patient-specific dosimetry in therapy with 177Lu-labelled compounds. The proposed methods should be within the scope of centres offering therapy with 177Lu-labelled ligands for somatostatin receptors or small-molecule PSMA.
Tumour cell-activated platelets modulate the immunological activity of CD4+, CD8+, and NK cells, which is efficiently antagonized by heparin
Authors: Gockel Lukas M. , Nekipelov Katrin , Ferro Vito , Bendas Gerd , Schlesinger Martin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPlatelets, key players in haemostasis, are progressively investigated with respect to their role in immunity and inflammation. Although the platelet support to haematogenous cancer cell metastasis has been the subject of multiple studies, their impact on anti-cancer immunity remains unaddressed. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory potential of platelets upon their activation by MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in various in vitro approaches. We provide evidence that platelets as well as their tumour cell-induced releasates increased the ratio of regulatory T cells, shaping an immunosuppressive phenotype in isolated CD4+ cultures. The influence on CD8+ T cells was assessed by detecting the expression of activation markers CD25/CD69 and release of cytolytic and pro-inflammatory proteins. Notably, the platelet preparations differentially influenced CD8+ T cell activation, while platelets were found to inhibit the activation of CD8+ T cells, platelet releasates, in contrast, supported their activation. Furthermore, the NK cell cytolytic activity was attenuated by platelet releasates. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), the guideline-based anticoagulant for cancer-associated thrombotic events, is known to interfere with tumour cell-induced platelet activation. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether, unfractionated heparin, LMWH or novel synthetic heparin mimetics can also reverse the immunosuppressive platelet effects. The releasate-mediated alteration in immune cell activity was efficiently abrogated by heparin, while the synthetic heparin mimetics partly outperformed the commercial heparin derivatives. This is the first report on the effects of heparin on rebalancing immunosuppression in an oncological context emerging as a novel aspect in heparin anti-tumour activities.
Short-Chain Fatty Acids Modulate Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition and Functional Potential
Authors: Peterson Christine Tara , Perez Santiago Josue , Iablokov Stanislav N. , Chopra Deepak , Rodionov Dmitry A. , Peterson Scott N. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMany studies have focused on the metabolic capacity of human gut microbiota to produce short-chain fatty acids and subsequent effects on host physiology. Given scarce data on how SCFAs produced by gut bacteria participate in cross-feeding to influence community structure and function, we evaluated the potential of SCFAs to modulate human gut microbiota in vitro. We employed anaerobic fecal cultivation in chemically defined medium supplemented with one of nine SCFAs to determine effects on both gut microbial community structure via 16S rRNA sequencing and function via genome reconstruction analysis. Each SCFA displayed significant and unique modulatory potential with respect to the relative abundance of bacterial taxa. Analysis of SCFA-supplemented communities revealed that alterations of individual closely related phylotypes displayed coherent changes, although exceptions were also observed which suggest strain-dependent differences in SCFA-induced changes. We used genome reconstruction to evaluate the functional implications of SCFA-mediated restructuring of fecal communities. We note that some SCFA-supplemented cultures displayed a reduction in the predicted abundance of SCFA producers, which suggests a possible undefined negative feedback mechanism. We conclude that SCFAs are not simply end-products of metabolism but also serve to modulate the gut microbiota through cross-feeding that alters the fitness of specified taxa. These results are important in the identification of prebiotics that elevate specific SCFAs for therapeutic benefit and highlight SCFA consumers as a salient part of the overall metabolic flux pertaining to bacterial fermentative processes.
Laser-induced incandescence for non-soot nanoparticles: recent trends and current challenges
Authors: Sipkens Timothy A. , Menser Jan , Dreier Thomas , Schulz Christof , Smallwood Gregory J. , Daun Kyle J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractLaser-induced incandescence (LII) is a widely used combustion diagnostic for in situ measurements of soot primary particle sizes and volume fractions in flames, exhaust gases, and the atmosphere. Increasingly, however, it is applied to characterize engineered nanomaterials, driven by the increasing industrial relevance of these materials and the fundamental scientific insights that may be obtained from these measurements. This review describes the state of the art as well as open research challenges and new opportunities that arise from LII measurements on non-soot nanoparticles. An overview of the basic LII model, along with statistical techniques for inferring quantities-of-interest and associated uncertainties is provided, with a review of the application of LII to various classes of materials, including elemental particles, oxide and nitride materials, and non-soot carbonaceous materials, and core–shell particles. The paper concludes with a discussion of combined and complementary diagnostics, and an outlook of future research.
Oxygen consumption and acid secretion in isolated gas gland cells of the European eel Anguilla anguilla
Authors: Drechsel Victoria , Schneebauer Gabriel , Sandbichler Adolf M. , Fiechtner Birgit , Pelster Bernd 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSwimbladder gas gland cells are known to produce lactic acid required for the acidification of swimbladder blood and decreasing the oxygen carrying capacity of swimbladder blood, i.e., the onset of the Root effect. Gas gland cells have also been shown to metabolize glucose via the pentose phosphate shunt, but the role of the pentose phosphate shunt for acid secretion has not yet been evaluated. Similarly, aerobic metabolism of gas gland cells has been largely neglected so far. In the present study, we therefore simultaneously assessed the role of glycolysis and of the pentose phosphate shunt for acid secretion and recorded oxygen consumption of isolated swimbladder gas gland cells of the European eel. Presence of glucose was essential for acid secretion, and at glucose concentrations of about 1.5 mmol l−1 acid secretion of gas gland cells reached a maximum, indicating that glucose concentrations in swimbladder blood should not be limiting acid production and secretion under physiological conditions. The data revealed that most of the acid was produced in the glycolytic pathway, but a significant fraction was also contributed by the pentose phosphate shunt. Addition of glucose to gas gland cells incubated in a glucose-free medium resulted in a reduction of oxygen uptake. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration significantly reduced oxygen consumption, but a fraction of mitochondria-independent respiration remained in presence of rotenone and antimycin A. In the presence of glucose, application of either iodo-acetate inhibiting glycolysis or 6-AN inhibiting the pentose phosphate shunt did not significantly affect oxygen uptake, indicating an independent regulation of oxidative phosphorylation and of acid production. Inhibition of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor caused a slight elevation in acid secretion, while forskolin caused a concentration-dependent reduction in acid secretion, indicating muscarinic and c-AMP-dependent control of acid secretion in gas gland cells.