bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary inclusion of ruminally protected linseed oil as a means to mitigate heat and slaughter-induced stress in feedlot cattle
Authors: Ceconi Irene , Pighin Dario G , Davies Patricio , Cunzolo Sebastián A , Pazos Adriana , Grigioni Gabriela 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
There is evidence of a relationship between increased energy intake and the development of metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR), and between the aforementioned metabolic state and impaired tolerance to heat stress. Based on the anti-inflammatory properties and mitigating effects on IR and stress of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), an experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation to feedlot-finished steers during summer on animal performance, physiological and biochemical variables associated with glucose metabolism, heat and preslaughter-induced stress, and meat quality. A total of 48 Angus steers (388 ± 2 kg) were fed one of three corn-based finishing diets containing (dry matter basis) 0% added oil (CON; negative control), or 1.90% of sunflower oil-calcium salt (SUN; positive control), or 1.92% of linseed oil-calcium salt (LIN). There was a trend (P = 0.08) for greater dry matter intake (DMI) and greater (P = 0.02) average daily gain (ADG) in LIN-fed animals compared with the average between those that received the CON or SUN diets, whereas no differences (P ≥ 0.34) were observed between the latter. No other performance, physiological, or carcass variables were affected (P ≥ 0.12) by treatment. Blood glucose and insulin were similar (P ≥ 0.14), though the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) which gauges IR tended (P = 0.06) to be reduced for LIN-fed animals compared with the average between those that received the CON or SUN diets. Blood insulin and HOMA increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) with days on feed. An interaction between the study phase (feeding period or slaughter) and treatment was observed (P ≤ 0.05) for glucose and cortisol. While the magnitude of glucose increase (P &lt; 0.01) from the end of the feeding period to slaughter was greater for CON- and SUN-fed animals compared with LIN-fed ones, cortisol increased (P &lt; 0.05) only in animals that received CON or SUN diets. Meat quality attributes were not affected (P ≥ 0.16) by treatment. The concentration of n-3 PUFA was greater (P &lt; 0.01) and n-6:n-3 ratio was lesser (P &lt; 0.01) in meat from LIN-fed animals compared with that resulting from the average between the animals that received the negative (CON) or positive (SUN) control diets. Results suggest that n-3 PUFA supplementation mitigated metabolic alterations associated with IR and preslaughter-related stress. It may have also improved tolerance to heat, resulting in greater DMI and ADG of steers fed a high-energy diet during summer. Results also indicate that glucose metabolism and heat stress tolerance worsen with time when feeding concentrate-based diets.
Artificial womb technology, pregnancy, and EU employment rights
Authors: Hooton Victoria , Romanis Elizabeth Chloe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article considers challenges for the European Union (EU) maternity and pregnancy rights framework when faced with advances in reproductive technology. Specifically, we consider how the introduction of the ‘artificial womb’ technology, an alternative to bodily gestation, would impact the availability of rights that exist under the maternity and discrimination framework. Employment rights in the EU context have already been confronted by the challenges of advancements in reproduction. We use the case law on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and surrogacy as a baseline for unpacking the challenges that ‘artificial wombs’ will bring. This analysis of the legal framework on maternity rights and sex discrimination will highlight potential avenues for integrating this technology and ensuring the continuation of rights for those opting for it. We advocate against the stratification of maternity and pregnancy rights based on the reproductive and gestational choices made by the pregnant person.
CNS-Directed Cancer Treatment and Child Adjustment: Moderating Effects of Maternal Parenting
Authors: Winning Adrien M , Howard Sharp Katianne , Ferrante Amanda C , Ralph Jessica , Desjardins Leandra , Friedman Debra L , Young-Saleme Tammi K , Vannatta Kathryn , Compas Bruce E , Gerhardt Cynthia A 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine whether maternal parenting behaviors (i.e., warmth, behavioral/psychological control) moderate the association between central nervous system (CNS)-directed treatment and adjustment among pediatric cancer survivors at 3 years post-diagnosis or relapse.

Methods
Three years after their child’s cancer diagnosis or relapse, mothers (N = 84) reported on their child’s academic and social competence, as well as their internalizing and externalizing problems. Children (N = 84; Mage = 13.21 years, 52.4% male) reported on maternal parenting behaviors. Using medical chart data, children were separated into CNS (i.e., received cranial radiation, intrathecal chemotherapy, and/or neurosurgery; N = 45) or non-CNS-directed treatment (N = 39) groups. Twelve moderation models were tested when examining two-way interactions between CNS treatment group and maternal parenting behaviors.

Results
Children in the CNS-directed treatment group demonstrated significantly worse academic and social competence. Moderation analyses revealed four significant two-way interactions between CNS treatment group and maternal parenting behaviors when predicting children’s adjustment. High levels of maternal behavioral control buffered the negative impact of CNS-directed treatment on children’s social competence. In addition, maternal warmth had a contrasting effect, as CNS-directed treatment was associated with worse academic competence at high levels of warmth. Analyses with psychological control revealed that low levels of this parenting style were not protective against internalizing or externalizing problems among those with CNS-directed treatment.

Conclusions
Children who receive CNS-directed treatment may benefit from a different pattern of parenting during early cancer survivorship. Findings highlight the importance of considering the broader family context when conceptualizing the impact of illness-related factors on adjustment among pediatric cancer survivors.
Case report: surgical management of massive scrotal lymphedema in a bariatric patient
Authors: Welling Harald , Tsigka Eirini , Krogh John , Schmidt Volker-Jürgen , Munksdorf Michael 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A morbidly obese male patient was referred to our department for joint-venture excision surgery of a massive genital lymphedema that had increased 10-fold in volume over a 3-year period. The patient underwent two-stage excision and reconstruction surgery including orchiectomy and was discharged with no major complications and reported improved outcome and urogenital function after surgery at 6-month follow-up. Genital lymphedema is a rare and surgically challenging disease that is related to obesity and causes functional and psychosocial impairment. The planning, performance and postoperative care of surgery on bariatric patients requires tailored surgical treatment and the involvement of several different medical professions and specialties. Surgical debulking can bring about satisfactory outcomes and profound improvements in quality of life.
Electronic Alternative Dispute Resolution, smart contracts and equity in the energy sector
Authors: Beebeejaun Zeenat , Faccia Alessio 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The intrinsic complex nature of Contracts in the Energy sector leads to frequent international disputes. The complexity is generated by (i) the involvement of multiple stakeholders with potentially conflicting interests (Multinational Companies, State-Owned Companies, Host States and their citizens); (ii) transnational jurisdictions divergence (local laws, investor’s country laws, international practices and regulations); and (iii) changes in the laws and regulations over time (long-term nature of Energy contracts). Therefore, not surprisingly, traditional litigation in the Energy sector is often replaced with Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) through the recurrent application of Arbitration clauses. This article aims to improve dispute management in the Energy sector by encouraging best ADR practices. Modelling and Conceptual research approaches are adopted to encourage the introduction of the smart contract. The analyses triggered the drafting of a model for contractual automation. Recurring top clauses are mapped and associated with Equity solutions. Moreover, a comprehensive, efficient and feasible ‘Electronic ADR’ framework is shaped to prevent (or automatically settle) disputes in the Energy sector.
The Black Utopia: Secret Societies and Time Travel in W. E. B. Du Bois and Sutton E. Griggs
Authors: Harper Andy 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
While prevailing scholarship on utopian fiction, attendant disproportionately to white authors, defines the utopia by way of its temporal or geographical separation from society, I argue that the under-theorized Black utopia is defined by the element of the secret society. The project taken up by Black utopian societies, such as the overlooked “secret societies” of W. E. B. Du Bois’s The Souls of Black Folk (1903) and the eponymous shadow government of Sutton E. Griggs’s Imperium in Imperio (1899), are articulated but not represented by their respective texts, framed in retrospect and within their own foreclosure. Du Bois and Griggs participate, too, in the intellectual return of much Black writing from the dawn of the Jim Crow Era to the early years of Reconstruction, offering alternative histories that locate utopian potentiality in the project of Reconstruction while identifying the project’s failures. Ultimately, the foreclosure of utopian anti-racist potentiality is attributed by these texts to the incompatibility of Black solidarity with interpellation into (white) national subjectivity.
Radiative pulsar magnetospheres: oblique rotators
Authors: Pétri J 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Pulsar magnetospheres are filled with relativistic pairs copiously emitting photons detected from the radio wavelengths up to high and very high energies in the GeV and sometimes in the TeV range. Efficient particle acceleration converts the stellar rotational kinetic energy into radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray photons. Force-free magnetospheres, being dissipationless, cannot operate this conversion. Some non-ideal plasma effects must set in within the magnetosphere. In this paper, we compute numerical solutions of pulsar radiative magnetospheres in the radiation reaction limit, where radiation fully balances single particle acceleration. Using an appropriate Ohm’s law, the dissipation is only controlled by the pair multiplicity factor κ. Moreover, we allow for either a minimal radiative region where dissipation is added only where required or for a force-free inside radiative outside model. This approach naturally and self-consistently connects the particle dynamics to its radiation field in the ultra-relativistic regime. Our solutions tend to the force-free limit for moderately large multiplicities, κ ≫ 1, decreasing the spin-down energy conversion into radiation. Nevertheless, for sufficiently low multiplicity κ ≲ 1, a significant fraction of the spin-down energy flows into radiation via particle acceleration. The work done by the electromagnetic field on the plasma mainly occurs in the current sheet of the striped wind, right outside the light-cylinder. Nevertheless the impact on the magnetic topology is negligible whatever the model. Therefore, the associated sky maps and light curves are only weakly impacted as shown.
B/PS bulges in DESI Legacy edge-on galaxies – I. Sample building
Authors: Marchuk Alexander A , Smirnov Anton A , Sotnikova Natalia Y , Bunakalya Dmitriy A , Savchenko Sergey S , Reshetnikov Vladimir P , Usachev Pavel A , Tikhonenko Iliya S , Zozulia Viktor D , Zakharova Daria A 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTWe present the biggest up-to-date sample of edge-on galaxies with boxy/peanut-shaped (B/PS) bulges and X-structures. The sample was prepared using images from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Legacy catalogue and contains about 2000 galaxies. To find suitable candidates in catalogue, we made the assumption that the residues (original images minus model) of galaxies with B/PS bulges should exhibit a characteristic X-shape. Galaxies with such features were selected by eye and then used as input data for a neural network training, which was applied to a bigger sample of edge-on galaxies. Using the available data and the photometric models from the literature, we investigated the observational and statistical properties of the sample created. Comparing the B/D ratios for galaxies with and without B/PS bulges, we found that the B/D ratio for galaxies from our sample is statistically higher, with typical values in the range ≈0.2–0.5 depending on the decomposition procedure. We studied how the opening angles φ of the X-structure and the length of its rays are distributed in the formed sample and found them to be consistent with previous measurements and predictions from N-body models, e.g. $\varphi \gtrsim 25{^\circ }$, but measured here for a much larger number of galaxies. We found a sharp increase in the B/PS bulge fraction for stellar masses log M⋆ ≳ 10.4, but for edge-on galaxies, which complements the results of previous works. The sample can be used in future work to test various bar models and their relationship with B/PS bulges, as well as to study their stability and evolution.
On the accuracy of H i observations in molecular clouds – More cold H i than thought?
Authors: Seifried D , Beuther H , Walch S , Syed J , Soler J D , Girichidis P , Wünsch R 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
We present a study of the cold atomic hydrogen (H i) content of molecular clouds simulated within the SILCC-Zoom project for solar neighbourhood conditions. We produce synthetic observations of H i at 21 cm, including H i self-absorption (HISA) and observational effects. We find that H i column densities, $N_{\rm H\, \small {\rm I}}$, of ≳1022 cm−2 are frequently reached in molecular clouds with H i temperatures as low as ∼10 K. Hence, HISA observations assuming a fixed H i temperature tend to underestimate the amount of cold H i in molecular clouds by a factor of 3–10 and produce an artificial upper limit of $N_{\rm H\, \small {\rm I}}$ around 1021 cm−2. We thus argue that the cold H i mass in molecular clouds could be a factor of a few higher than previously estimated. Also, $N_{\rm H\, \small {\rm I}}$ PDFs obtained from HISA observations might be subject to observational biases and should be considered with caution. The underestimation of cold H i in HISA observations is due to both the large H i temperature variations and the effect of noise in regions of high optical depth. We find optical depths of cold H i around 1–10, making optical depth corrections essential. We show that the high H i column densities (≳1022 cm−2) can in parts be attributed to the occurrence of up to 10 individual H i–H2 transitions along the line of sight. This is also reflected in the spectra, necessitating Gaussian decomposition algorithms for their in-depth analysis. However, also for a single H i–H2 transition, $N_{\rm H\, \small {\rm I}}$ frequently exceeds 1021 cm−2, challenging one-dimensional, semi-analytical models. This is due to non-equilibrium chemistry effects and the fact that H i–H2 transition regions usually do not possess a one-dimensional geometry. Finally, we show that the H i gas is moderately supersonic with Mach numbers of a few. The corresponding non-thermal velocity dispersion can be determined via HISA observations within a factor of ∼2.
Mouse model and human patient data reveal critical roles for Pten and p53 in suppressing POLE mutant tumor development
Authors: Park Vivian S , Sun Meijuan J S , Frey Wesley D , Williams Leonard G , Hodel Karl P , Strauss Juliet D , Wellens Sydney J , Jackson James G , Pursell Zachary F 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mutations in the exonuclease domain of POLE are associated with tumors harboring very high mutation burdens. The mechanisms linking this significant mutation accumulation and tumor development remain poorly understood. Pole+/P286R;Trp53+/– mice showed accelerated cancer mortality compared to Pole+/P286R;Trp53+/+ mice. Cells from Pole+/P286R mice showed increased p53 activation, and subsequent loss of p53 permitted rapid growth, implicating canonical p53 loss of heterozygosity in POLE mutant tumor growth. However, p53 status had no effect on tumor mutation burden or single base substitution signatures in POLE mutant tumors from mice or humans. Pten has important roles in maintaining genome stability. We find that PTEN mutations are highly enriched in human POLE mutant tumors, including many in POLE signature contexts. One such signature mutation, PTEN-F341V, was previously shown in a mouse model to specifically decrease nuclear Pten and lead to increased DNA damage. We found tumors in Pole+/P286R mice that spontaneously acquired PtenF341V mutations and were associated with significantly reduced nuclear Pten and elevated DNA damage. Re-analysis of human TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data showed that all PTEN-F341V mutations occurred in tumors with mutations in POLE. Taken together with recent published work, our results support the idea that development of POLE mutant tumors may involve disabling surveillance of nuclear DNA damage in addition to POLE-mediated hypermutagenesis.
Transcriptional regulators of human oncoviruses: structural and functional implications for anticancer therapy
Authors: Nečasová Ivona , Stojaspal Martin , Motyčáková Edita , Brom Tomáš , Janovič Tomáš , Hofr Ctirad 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Transcription is often the first biosynthetic event of viral infection. Viruses produce preferentially viral transcriptional regulators (vTRs) essential for expressing viral genes and regulating essential host cell proteins to enable viral genome replication. As vTRs are unique viral proteins that promote the transcription of viral nucleic acid, vTRs interact with host proteins to suppress detection and immune reactions to viral infection. Thus, vTRs are promising therapeutic targets that are sequentially and structurally distinct from host cell proteins. Here, we review vTRs of three human oncoviruses: HBx of hepatitis B virus, HBZ of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1, and Rta of Epstein–Barr virus. We present three cunningly exciting and dangerous transcription strategies that make viral infections so efficient. We use available structural and functional knowledge to critically examine the potential of vTRs as new antiviral-anticancer therapy targets. For each oncovirus, we describe (i) the strategy of viral genome transcription; (ii) vTRs’ structure and binding partners essential for transcription regulation; and (iii) advantages and challenges of vTR targeting in antiviral therapies. We discuss the implications of vTR regulation for oncogenesis and perspectives on developing novel antiviral and anticancer strategies.
Synergistic action of WDR5 and HDM2 inhibitors in SMARCB1-deficient cancer cells
Authors: Florian Andrea C , Woodley Chase M , Wang Jing , Grieb Brian C , Slota Macey J , Guerrazzi Kiana , Hsu Chih-Yuan , Matlock Brittany K , Flaherty David K , Lorey Shelly L , Fesik Stephen W , Howard Gregory C , Liu Qi , Weissmiller April M , Tansey William P 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are rare and deadly pediatric cancers driven by loss of SMARCB1, which encodes the SNF5 component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler. Loss of SMARCB1 is associated with a complex set of phenotypic changes including vulnerability to inhibitors of protein synthesis and of the p53 ubiquitin-ligase HDM2. Recently, we discovered small molecule inhibitors of the ‘WIN’ site of WDR5, which in MLL-rearranged leukemia cells decrease the expression of a set of genes linked to protein synthesis, inducing a translational choke and causing p53-dependent inhibition of proliferation. Here, we characterize how WIN site inhibitors act in RT cells. As in leukemia cells, WIN site inhibition in RT cells causes the comprehensive displacement of WDR5 from chromatin, resulting in a decrease in protein synthesis gene expression. Unlike leukemia cells, however, the growth response of RT cells to WIN site blockade is independent of p53. Exploiting this observation, we demonstrate that WIN site inhibitor synergizes with an HDM2 antagonist to induce p53 and block RT cell proliferation in vitro. These data reveal a p53-independent action of WIN site inhibitors and forecast that future strategies to treat RT could be based on dual WDR5/HDM2 inhibition.
Dialysis-network variability in home dialysis use not explained by patient characteristics: a national registry-based cohort study in France
Authors: Couchoud Cécile , Béchade Clémence , Kolko Anne , Baudoin Agnès Caillette , Bayer Florian , Rabilloud Muriel , Ecochard René , Lobbedez Thierry 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
Although associated with better quality of life and potential economic advantages, home dialysis use varies greatly internationally and appears to be underused in many countries. This study aimed to estimate the dialysis-network variability in home dialysis use and identify factors associated with (i) the uptake in home dialysis, (ii) the proportion of time spent on home dialysis and (iii) home dialysis survival (patient and technique).

Methods
All adults ≥18 years old who had dialysis treatment during 2017–2019 in mainland France were included. Mixed-effects regression models were built to explore factors including patient or residence characteristics and dialysis network associated with variation in home dialysis use.

Results
During 2017–2019, 7728/78 757 (9.8%) patients underwent dialysis at least once at home for a total of 120 594/1 508 000 (8%) months. The heterogeneity at the dialysis-network level and to a lesser extent the regional level regarding home dialysis uptake or total time spent was marginally explained by patient characteristics or residence and dialysis-network factors. Between-network heterogeneity was less for patient and technique survival. These results were similar when the analysis was restricted to home peritoneal dialysis or home hemodialysis.

Conclusions
Variability between networks in the use of home dialysis was not fully explained by non-modifiable patient and residence characteristics. Our results suggest that to increase home dialysis use in France, one should focus on home dialysis uptake rather than survival. Financial incentives and a quality improvement programme should be implemented at the dialysis-network level to increase home dialysis use.
Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis: Reframing the Debate
Authors: Clancy Cornelius J , Nguyen M Hong 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has been reported in ~5%–10% of critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, incidence varies widely (0%–33%) across hospitals, most cases are unproven, and CAPA definitions and clinical relevance are debated.

Methods
We reframed the debate by asking, what is the likelihood that patients with CAPA have invasive aspergillosis? We use diagnostic test performance in other clinical settings to estimate positive predictive values (PPVs) and negative predictive values (NPVs) of CAPA criteria for invasive aspergillosis in populations with varying CAPA incidence.

Results
In a population with CAPA incidence of 10%, anticipated PPV/NPV of diagnostic criteria are ~30%–60%/≥97%; ~3%–5% of tested cohort would be anticipated to have true invasive aspergillosis. If CAPA incidence is 2%–3%, anticipated PPV and NPV are ~8%–30%/&gt;99%.

Conclusions
Depending on local epidemiology and clinical details of a given case, PPVs and NPVs may be useful in guiding antifungal therapy. We incorporate this model into a stepwise strategy for diagnosing and managing CAPA.