bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sea trout (Salmo trutta) straying rate decreases as distance from river mouth increases
Authors: Chat Joelle , Lamarins Amaia , Lepais Olivier 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFor both conservation and management purposes, it is important to identify the natal origin of migratory individuals entering a river, particularly in genetically spatially structured species like brown trout (Salmo trutta) where the migrant ecotype (called sea trout) can originate from different populations. Nonetheless, little attention has been paid to the spatial distribution of non‐local fish at the level of an entire river catchment. The objective of the study was to quantify the proportion of non‐local sea trout entering a river catchment (i.e., straying rate) and estimate the spatial extent of their upstream migration. Here, the authors considered dispersal in three distinct rivers, taking advantage of 10 sampling sites. Sea trout, either trapped or rod‐caught, were genotyped and genetically assigned to their source populations using appropriate baselines. Based on 1437 sea trout fish classified as local or non‐local, the authors empirically demonstrate that straying rate declines in each river as distance from the coast increases in a non‐linear fashion. Straying rate exceeds 50% near the mouth, and then decreases gradually to reach <10% 40–50 km inland. A similar spatial pattern is found in the three rivers investigated suggesting an underlying common behaviour of non‐local sea trout. The data and results presented here suggest that straying in is far more constrained spatially than first expected. The majority of non‐local sea trout were found within the first 25 km of the estuary in the three rivers investigated.
The movement ecology of fishes
Authors: Cooke Steven J. , Bergman Jordanna N. , Twardek William M. , Piczak Morgan L. , Casselberry Grace A. , Lutek Keegan , Dahlmo Lotte S. , Birnie‐Gauvin Kim , Griffin Lucas P. , Brownscombe Jacob W. , Raby Graham D. , Standen Emily M. , Horodysky Andrij Z. , Johnsen Sönke , Danylchuk Andy J. , Furey Nathan B. , Gallagher Austin J. , Lédée Elodie J.I. , Midwood Jon D. , Gutowsky Lee F.G. , Jacoby David M.P. , Matley Jordan K. , Lennox Robert J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMovement of fishes in the aquatic realm is fundamental to their ecology and survival. Movement can be driven by a variety of biological, physiological and environmental factors occurring across all spatial and temporal scales. The intrinsic capacity of movement to impact fish individually (e.g., foraging) with potential knock‐on effects throughout the ecosystem (e.g., food web dynamics) has garnered considerable interest in the field of movement ecology. The advancement of technology in recent decades, in combination with ever‐growing threats to freshwater and marine systems, has further spurred empirical research and theoretical considerations. Given the rapid expansion within the field of movement ecology and its significant role in informing management and conservation efforts, a contemporary and multidisciplinary review about the various components influencing movement is outstanding. Using an established conceptual framework for movement ecology as a guide (i.e., Nathanet al., 2008: 19052), we synthesized the environmental and individual factors that affect the movement of fishes. Specifically, internal (e.g., energy acquisition, endocrinology, and homeostasis) and external (biotic and abiotic) environmental elements are discussed, as well as the different processes that influence individual‐level (or population) decisions, such as navigation cues, motion capacity, propagation characteristics and group behaviours. In addition to environmental drivers and individual movement factors, we also explored how associated strategies help survival by optimizing physiological and other biological states. Next, we identified how movement ecology is increasingly being incorporated into management and conservation by highlighting the inherent benefits that spatio‐temporal fish behaviour imbues into policy, regulatory, and remediation planning. Finally, we considered the future of movement ecology by evaluating ongoing technological innovations and both the challenges and opportunities that these advancements create for scientists and managers. As aquatic ecosystems continue to face alarming climate (and other human‐driven) issues that impact animal movements, the comprehensive and multidisciplinary assessment of movement ecology will be instrumental in developing plans to guide research and promote sustainability measures for aquatic resources.
Octa‐nonagenarians can perform video capsule endoscopy safely and with a higher diagnostic yield than 65–79‐year‐old patients
Authors: Thurm Tamar , Gluck Nathan , Barak Orly , Deutsch Liat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundVideo capsule endoscopy (VCE) is an effective, noninvasive modality for small bowel (SB) investigation. Its usage in the older adults is rising. However, data in octa‐nonagenarians regarding diagnostic yield and motility are lacking. Our aim was to evaluate and compare safety and efficacy of VCE between age subgroups of older adult patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of prospectively documented data. All consecutive VCEs of patients ≥65 years (01/2010–12/2017) were included. Patients unable to swallow the capsule or videos with significant recording technical malfunction were excluded. The cohort was divided into the younger group aged 65–79 years old and octa‐nonagenarians aged ≥80 years old. Indications for referral, diagnostic yield and transit times were compared between groups.ResultsA total of 535 VCEs were performed in 499 older adult patients (51.2% males); 82.8% were 65–79 years old and 17.2% were ≥80 years old. The ≥80‐year‐old group had higher rates of clinically significant findings (52.7% vs. 40.0%, p = 0.025), active bleeding (12.5% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.053) and angioectasia (36.0% vs. 23.4%, p = 0.014). Crohn's disease was newly diagnosed in approximately 8% of the entire cohort and 12% of the ≥80 years old. Anemia was the most common indication in both groups, followed by overt bleeding in the ≥80‐year‐old group (25% vs. 9.9% in 65–79‐year‐old group, p < 0.001) and Crohn's disease in the 65–79 years old (17.2% vs. 5.4% in ≥80 years old, p = 0.004). Groups were comparable in transit time and cecal documentation rates.ConclusionsIn octa‐nonagenarians, VCE is as safe as in younger older‐adults with a higher diagnostic yield of significant and treatable conditions.
Patent Licensing, Non‐Practising Entities, and Investment in R&D*
Authors: Bergin James 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of Non‐Practising Entities (NPE's) on investment in innovation. The issue is considered in an environment with strategic investment behavior and licensing. Patent strength turns out to be central in determining the impact of an NPE on innovation. A patenting scheme which assigns rights only to incremental innovation improvement (relative to the innovations of competitors) raises aggregate investment relative to a ‘winner‐takes‐all’ scheme. In a ‘winner‐takes‐all’ scheme the most successful/encompassing innovation obtains all the intellectual property rights, and less successful innovators none, and in this environment the presence of an NPE negatively impacts aggregate investment.
Margin of safety of extended‐duration transdermal buprenorphine solution following multiple‐dose administrations to cats
Authors: Clark Terrence P. , Linton Deborah D. , Freise Kevin J. , Reinemeyer Craig , Newkirk Kim M. , Aulbach Adam , Lin Ting‐Li 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTransdermal buprenorphine solution (TBS) is approved for the control of postoperative pain in cats where a single preoperative dose provides 4 days of analgesia. It is administered as a unit dose of 8 mg to cats weighing 1.2–3 kg and 20 mg to cats weighing to >3–7.5 kg, which is equivalent to a dosage on a bodyweight basis of 2.7–6.7 mg/kg. In this safety study, the 1X dose was defined as 6.7 mg/kg. Thirty‐two cats (16 males and 16 females) were randomly allocated to placebo, 1, 2, and 3X TBS administered topically to the dorsal cervical skin every 4 days for 3 doses. Clinical observations, behavioral scores, mydriasis score (yes/no), and physiological variables were assessed or measured prior to each dose administration (0 h) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h following each treatment and prior to euthanasia on Day 12 or 13. Blood samples for clinical pathology were collected on Days ‐ 1, 4, 8, and prior to euthanasia. There was little evidence of respiratory, cardiovascular, or gastrointestinal effects. Respiratory rates were above the reference range in all groups and lower by 10 breaths/min in the 3X group during the third dosing interval compared to placebo. There were no differences in heart rates. Constipation was transiently observed in approximately equal numbers in placebo‐ and TBS‐treated cats. Behavioral scores showed sedation or euphoria was transient in the first dosing interval but became more prolonged with each dosing interval. Mydriasis was prolonged in the first dosing interval and diminished by the third dosing interval consistent with accommodation. Mean body temperatures in TBS‐treated cats were up to 0.6°C (1.8°F) greater than placebo‐treated cats. There were no clinically relevant changes to serum chemistry, hematology, or urinalysis outcomes nor gross or microscopic observations attributable to TBS. These data demonstrate that TBS is safe and well‐tolerated when administered to 16‐week‐old cats at multiples of the approved dose and duration and supports clinical safety in the event of delayed buprenorphine metabolism, medication errors, or alterations in the dosing regimen.
Biodiversity and intellectual property rights: Conflict or synergy
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Madhusoodanan Lavanya , Soni Patrika , Dubey Amit 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIndia is a country with a diverse ecosystem. Traditional knowledge (TK) is an important element of Indian culture and society. Because of its diversity, India has been a victim of biopiracy on multiple occasions, though it has learned from the haldi, neem, and basmati episodes. While it is critical for countries to maintain their biodiversity and indigenous knowledge, it is also critical to protect the rights of those who add value to it and expand its usage through intellectual property rights (IPR). As a result, biodiversity conservation and IPR come into conflict. Biodiversity conservation conventions and statutes aim to strike a balance between the interests of both parties. The Biodiversity Act of 2002 in India stipulates that indigenous tribes must give their prior informed consent before accessing and utilizing a bioresource. It also establishes a legal framework for benefit sharing in various ways in the event that any intellectual property on the bioresource or relevant TK is acquired. However, putting the plan into action is still a struggle. This, in turn, deprives the true bearers of the relevant TK, who have either nurtured bioresources for years. The framework of biodiversity conservation legislation as a way of protecting TK holders' rights in the international and Indian contexts is discussed in this study.
Care providers' experiences regarding barriers to maternal participation in neonatal pain management
Authors: Neshat Hanieh , Hassankhani Hadi , Negarandeh Reza , Jabraeili Mahnaz , Hosseini Mohammad Bagher , Mahallei Majid 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundMothers' involvement in the pain management of infants admitted to the intensive care unit can alleviate the infants' pain. Despite International guidelines, maternal involvement in neonatal pain management is low. Hence, investigating the perspectives of care providers (CPs) on barriers to maternal participation can be helpful in developing practice guidelines.AimsThe purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of CPs on barriers to maternal involvement in neonatal pain management in the intensive care unit.DesignIn this study, a qualitative design based on the content analysis approach was used.MethodWe included 24 nurses and physicians in the neonatal intensive care unit from February to September 2020. Data were collected through conducting 11 individual interviews and two focus group discussions with eight and five participants, respectively.ResultsThree main categories and seven sub‐categories were found, including maternal barriers (inadequate emotional readiness and unfamiliarity with role), CPs' barriers (time pressure, fear of family‐care provider tension, and insufficient knowledge), and organizational barriers (neglected joint decision‐making and restricted organizational participative policies).ConclusionsThe identified barriers could be classified into those related to mothers, care providers, and organizations. The lack of appropriate interaction and cooperation between parents and care‐providers can affect the emergence of barriers related to the mothers and staff.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThere is a lack of knowledge regarding neonatal pain management in the health care team and mothers. Educating mothers and CPs about the benefits and ways of mothers' participation can increase readiness and capabilities. Providing clear guidelines about family‐centred care and promoting parent‐CPs' interactions can increase the mothers' participation.
The effects of a single aerobic exercise session on mood and neural emotional reactivity in depressed and healthy young adults: A late positive potential study
Authors: Ligeza Tomasz S. , Maciejczyk Marcin , Wyczesany Miroslaw , Junghofer Markus 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDepression has been characterized by lowered mood and unfavorable changes in neural emotional reactivity (altered brain responses to emotional stimuli). Physical exercise is a well‐established strategy to improve the mood of healthy and depressed individuals. Increasing evidence suggests that exercise might also improve emotional reactivity in healthy adults by increasing or decreasing brain responses to positive or negative stimuli, respectively. It is unknown, however, if exercise could also benefit emotional reactivity in depressed individuals. We investigated the effects of a single aerobic exercise session on mood and emotional reactivity in 24 depressed and 24 matched healthy young adults. Self‐reported mood and neural reactivity to emotional pictures (indexed by the EEG late positive potential, LPP) were assessed before and after two experimental protocols: exercise (36 min of moderate‐intensity exercise at 75% of maximal heart rate) and seated rest condition (36 min). In the healthy control group, exercise improved self‐reported mood and neural emotional reactivity (increasing LPP to positive pictures). In the depressed group, exercise improved self‐reported mood; however, it did not affect neural emotional reactivity. Additional analyses performed on both groups revealed that exercise‐induced changes in emotional reactivity are associated with the severity of depressive symptoms: the effectiveness of exercise in improving emotional reactivity decreases with the severity of depressive symptoms. Overall, the study further strengthens the claim of a beneficial role of exercise on mood and emotional reactivity. It also suggests that a single aerobic exercise session might have a limited influence on neural emotional reactivity in depressed individuals.
Multispecies comparative analysis reveals transcriptional specificity during Mongolian horse testicular development
Authors: Zhang Fa‐Li , Zhang Xiao‐Yuan , Zhao Jin‐Xin , Zhu Ke‐Xin , Liu Shu‐Qin , Zhang Teng , Sun Yu‐Jiang , Wang Jun‐Jie , Shen Wei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMongolian horses have been bred and used for labor and transport for centuries. Nevertheless, traits of testicular development in Mongolian horses have rarely been studied; particularly, studies regarding the transcriptional regulation characteristics of testicular development are lacking. In this paper, transcription specificity during testicular development in Mongolian horses is highlighted via a multispecies comparative analysis and weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA). Interestingly, the results showed that most genes were up‐regulated in the testes after sexual maturity, which is a phenomenon conserved across species. Moreover, we observed nine key genes involved in regulating Mongolian horse testicular development. Notably, unique transcription signatures of testicular development in Mongolian horses are emphasized, which provides a novel insight into the mechanistic study of their testicular development.
Indirect moral governance in prostitution policy: How regulators incorporate stigmatized actors in intermediation processes
Authors: Euchner Eva‐Maria , Zeegers Nicolle 
Published: July 2022

AbstractRegulatory intermediaries have received attention in the analysis of different policy fields recently. Yet, their role in morality‐based national governance arrangements is hardly addressed, neither is the question of how regulators incorporate stigmatized private actors. The current special issue contributes to closing this research gap by examining the three‐party relationship between public regulators, private intermediaries, and targets in prostitution policy implementation. This introduction presents a typology of indirect moral governance, which is based on two dimensions: (1) the extent to which regulators perceive intermediaries as being trustworthy and (2) their operational capacities. Leveraging examples from the papers in the special issue, we elaborate on how the two dimensions lead to four forms of intermediation. Thus, the typology offers an innovative analytical tool to systematizes regulators' responses to governance and implementation problems in the case of morality policies and value‐laden issues more generally, including the responsibilization of stigmatized actors.
Health professionals' reflections on existential concerns among people with obesity
Authors: Haga Britt Marit , Furnes Bodil , Ueland Venke 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to describe health professionals' reflections on existential concerns among people with obesity when attempting to support them in their lifestyle change processes. For many of those affected by obesity, the condition becomes lifelong and causes existential concerns. The health professionals' reflections on existential concerns among people with obesity may influence central aspects of their practice and their patients' well‐being.MethodsEighteen health professionals with relevant health education working in three different treatment programmes for people with obesity were recruited for three focus group interviews. The interviews were analysed and interpreted using a model for interpretation of meaning at three levels with a phenomenological–hermeneutical approach.FindingsThe analysis identified three themes. The health professionals reflected on existential concerns among people with obesity in terms of patients' repressed emotional difficulties and lack of self‐respect. In addition, they reflected on their own experiences of powerlessness when presented with people with obesity's existential concerns.ConclusionThe present study provides valuable insights into reflections on existential concerns among people with obesity, based on health professionals' descriptions. We believe that these insights add to the existing literature and have consequences for how people with obesity are met and cared for.
Coexisting Normative Regimes, Conflict and Urban Inequalities in a Brazilian Favela
Authors: Beraldo Ana , Richmond Matthew A. , Feltran Gabriel 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThis article contributes to debates about the everyday negotiation of difference, inequality and conflict in cities by developing the notion of ‘coexisting normative regimes’. Normative regimes are plausible parameters of action that are sedimented in subjectivities and reproduced in everyday routines. We argue that in many Brazilian favelas and other marginalised urban spaces, distinct and unassimilable normative regimes coexist in space, each providing distinct frameworks and guidelines for dealing with everyday situations. Based on extensive ethnographic research conducted in a favela in the city of Belo Horizonte, the article identifies the everyday ways in which normative regimes operate, how they link to broader urban inequalities, and the ways in which individuals and groups navigate between them and the various threats they pose.
Foreign direct investment and product quality in host economies
Authors: Anwar Sajid , Sun Sizhong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe examine, both theoretically and empirically, how the presence of FDI affects product quality of domestic firms through worker mobility. Mobility of more productive workers from foreign‐invested to domestic firms lowers the cost of production and contributes to improvement in the quality of goods produced by domestic firms. Profit maximisation by firms yields a structural relationship between unobserved product quality and observed revenue, which allows us to identify the impact of FDI on product quality. We use the theoretical model to frame empirical estimation, where we propose a novel approach to correct for sample selection bias. Under some mild assumptions, a set of population moments are derived and estimated using firm‐level data from China's beverage manufacturing industry. We find that, on average, (i) working for foreign‐invested firms boosts the skill level of workers by 11.12 per cent and (ii) the probability that an FDI‐trained worker will move to a domestic firm is approximately 0.3. Estimation of the structural parameters shows that a one per cent increase in FDI leads to approximately 1.4 per cent improvement in product quality of domestic firms in China's beverage manufacturing industry.
Design Optimization and Variable Geometries Implementation of a High Bypass Three-Shaft Turbofan Engine for EIS2050
Authors: Mo Da , Roumeliotis Ioannis , Mourouzidis Christos , Kissoon Sajal , Liu Yixiong 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper aims to develop an advanced three-shaft turbofan engine with ultrahigh bypass ratio (BPR) for entry-into-service (EIS)2050. The boundary approaching method is utilized to obtain the optimal engine for a series of engines with different fan diameters. Furthermore, the flight mission analysis was carried out to fully consider the engine performance and weight penalty. The optimum engine employs a 3.26 m fan diameter with ultrahigh BPR reaching 21.39. The corresponding specific fuel consumption (SFC) is 11.42 (g/s)/kN, which is 3.88% lower than the 2.95 m fan diameter engine. However, the weight penalty has offset part of the benefits, and the block fuel reduction is 2.5%. Sensitivity analysis results reveal that the low-pressure turbine (LPT) efficiency plays a dominant role in engine performance. Afterwards, the effects of variable geometry are investigated including the blow-off valve (BOV), variable inlet guide vane (VIGV), and bypass variable area nozzle (VAN). Results show that combining the three measures would boost engine performance and save fuel. The designed schedule for the combination of VIGV, BOV, and VAN has generated a reduction in block fuel, NOx, CO2, and H2O reaching 3.36%, 5.55%, 2.47%, and 2.53%, respectively.