bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy Human Laryngopharyngeal Sensory Innervation Density Correlates with Age
Authors: Cole Caroline L. , Yu Victoria X. , Perry Sarah , Seenauth Anisa , Lumpkin Ellen A. , Troche Michelle S. , Pitman Michael J. , Moayedi Yalda 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveSomatosensory feedback from upper airway structures is essential for swallowing and airway defense but little is known about the identities and distributions of human upper airway neurons. Furthermore, whether sensory innervation modifies with aging is unknown. In this study, we quantify neuronal and chemosensory cell density in upper airway structures and correlate with age.MethodsParticipants underwent biopsies from base of tongue, lateral and midline pharyngeal wall, epiglottis, and arytenoids (N = 25 13 female/12 male; 20–80 years, mean 51.4 years without clinical diagnosis of dysphagia or clinical indication for biopsy). Tissue sections were labeled with antibodies for all neurons, myelinated neurons, and chemosensory cells. Densities of lamina propria innervation, epithelial innervation, solitary chemosensory cells, and taste buds were calculated and correlated with age.ResultsArytenoid had the highest density of innervation and chemosensory cells across all measures compared to other sites. Taste buds were frequently observed in arytenoid and epiglottis. Base of tongue, lateral pharynx, and midline posterior pharynx had minimal innervation and few chemosensory cells. Epithelial innervation was present primarily in close proximity to chemosensory cells and taste buds. Overall innervation and myelinated fibers in the arytenoid lamina propria decline with aging.ConclusionFindings establish the architecture of healthy adult sensory innervation and demonstrate the varied distribution of laryngopharyngeal innervation, necessary steps toward understanding the sensory basis for swallowing and airway defense. We also document age‐related decline in arytenoid innervation density. These findings suggest that sensory afferent denervation of the upper airway may be a contributing factor to presbyphagia.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:773–784, 2023
Dosing, efficacy and safety of lenvatinb in the real‐world treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: Results from a Canadian database
Authors: Pires Amaro Carla , Allen Michael J. , Knox Jennifer J. , Tsang Erica S. , Lim Howard J. , Lee‐Ying Richard M. , Chan Kelvin W. , Qian Jessica , Meyers Brandon M. , Thawer Alia , Al‐Saadi Sulaiman M. S. , Hsu Tina , Ramjeesingh Ravi , Karachiwala Hatim , Abedin Tasnima , Tam Vincent C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsA phase 3 trial showed lenvatinib to be effective and safe in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, its performance in the real world and effect of dosing on survival are unclear.MethodsFrom July 2018 to June 2020, HCC patients treated with lenvatinib from 10 Canadian cancer centres were included. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were retrospectively analysed and compared across first‐ and later lines use of lenvatinib. In patients receiving lenvatinib first‐line, OS between different mean dose intensities and starting doses were compared.ResultsA total of 220 patients were included, of which 79% received lenvatinib as first‐line therapy. For first‐line versus later line treatment, median OS was 12.5 versus 11.8 months (P = .83) and median PFS was 7.6 versus 4.6 months (P = .27) respectively. Of patients receiving lenvatinib first‐line, 54% started at full dose according to their weight. Median OS for patients starting lenvatinib at full‐ and reduced‐dose was 12.3 and 15.8 months (P = .75) respectively. Median OS for patients with a mean dose intensity >66.7% compared ≤66.7% was 13.7 and 7.7 months (P = .01). In the multivariate analysis, dose intensity (>66.7 vs ≤66.7%) did not predict for OS [HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.42–1.18; P = .18]. The most common side effects were fatigue (59%), hypertension (41%) and decreased appetite (25%).ConclusionsLenvatinib appears to be effective in real‐world practice regardless of the line of therapy. Dose modifications at the start or during treatment did not appear to significantly affect survival.
Partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with maize straw: Seeking long‐term improvement of rice yield by raising quality indicators of a red paddy soil
Authors: Zhang Lian , Hou Kun , Zhang Qiong , He Shifu , Long Guangli , Yin Lichu , Zhu Hongmei , Tian Chang , Luo Gongwen , Rong Xiangmin , Han Yongliang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStraw application increases crop yield, but the underlying mechanisms of straw‐substitution for chemical fertilizer on yield is not completely understood. We hypothesized that straw application improves crop yield by improving soil quality. In order to clarify how partial substitution of chemical fertilizers with maize straw affects soil properties and the specific contribution of soil properties to double‐cropping rice yield, we selected a long‐term positioning test station operated since 1982 and designed three fertilization treatments: (1) single chemical fertilizers (CF); (2) medium replacement by maize straw under which 1/3 of nitrogen (N) fertilizer was replaced (MS); and (3) high replacement by maize straw under which 2/3 of N fertilizer was replaced (HS). The yield under HS of late and early rice increased by 42.66% and 25.04% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Long‐term straw application significantly decreased soil bulk density, increased total porosity, and improved the stable aggregates content (>0.25 mm). Straw application increased soil urease, protease, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and catalase activities, microbial biomass carbon (C), microbial biomass N, and nutrients compared with CF. The structural equation model indicated that the tested soil properties explained 77% of the variations in observed rice yield. The rice yield was mainly indirectly affected by soil organic matter (SOM), microbial biomass, and enzyme activities. The results showed that straw substituted for chemical fertilizers increased rice yield. The key factors affecting yield under long‐term fertilization were SOM, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity, rather than soil N, phosphorus (P) nutrient contents, and bulk density.
Comparing KTP and CO2 laser excision for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A systematic review
Authors: Yang Jimin , Xie Zhongcheng , Seyler Barnabas C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe CO2 laser and 532 nm potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser have been applied to treat recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). This systematic review sought to compare outcome differences between these two methods.Data SourcesEmbase, Web of Science, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library.Review MethodsCO2 laser and KTP laser studies were obtained by keyword searches of four authoritative medical databases. Articles were screened and retained when conforming to inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was cure rate; the secondary outcomes were recurrence, death, remission, clearance, and human papillomavirus (HPV)‐detected rates, as well as laser effectiveness rates. Postoperative complications rate was the safety outcome measure. All outcomes were summarized within the CO2 and KTP groups, with results statistically compared (p < .05).ResultsOverall, the cure rates were 87.25% (KTP group) and 75.98% (CO2 group; p < .05). Complication rates significantly differed between the KTP (2.32%) and CO2 (17.71%) groups (p < .0001). There was a relatively higher but not significant difference in the recurrence rates between the CO2 (18.6%) and KTP (10.87%) groups (p = .1595). The CO2 group remission rate was considerably lower (38.9%) than the KTP group (88.46%, p < .0001). HPV‐detected and clearance rates were only reported for the CO2 group. The bias risks were 13.1 ± 1.45 (CO2) and 13.6 ± 1.52 (KTP) for the two groups, indicating evidence was of fair quality.ConclusionOverall, KTP laser excision showed significantly better postoperative clinical outcomes than the CO2 laser, with a lower failure rate. Available fair‐quality evidence suggests KTP laser excision might be better for treating RRP. Nevertheless, more high‐quality randomized controlled studies are needed to compare these two surgical techniques, particularly in terms of reporting functional data such as vocal outcomes.
Functional responses of aggregate‐colonizing copepods
Authors: Koski Marja , Lombard Fabien 
Published: July 2022

AbstractZooplankton consumption of aggregates, such as marine snow, is an important factor in determining the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. However, the feeding rates of aggregate‐associated small harpacticoid and poecilostomatoid copepods are largely unknown, as are the factors that influence these rates. We measured the functional responses of pellet production (PP) of aggregate‐feeding copepods on appendicularian houses, algal and detrital aggregates, and on Trichodesmium spp. tufts. The PP rates of all copepods increased with increasing aggregate concentrations, but the response varied depending on the aggregate type. The pelagic harpacticoid copepod Microsetella norvegica had the highest PP rates on algal aggregates, while the poecilostomatoid copepod Oncaea spp. and the benthic harpacticoid copepod Amonardia normanni PP rates were highest on appendicularian houses. The ingestion rates of M. norvegica and Oncaea spp. were typically 0.04–0.13 μg C ind.−1 d−1, with the exception of ca. three times higher rates of Oncaea spp. on appendicularian houses and ca. 10 times higher rates of M. norvegica on algal aggregates. The ingestion rates of the larger species, A. normanni, were generally higher, 0.3–1.3 μg C ind.−1 d−1 on algal aggregates, and even ca. 10‐fold higher on appendicularian houses. Our results suggest that the aggregate degradation rates by copepods can vary many‐fold depending on the quality (origin) of the aggregate and the copepod species. This can have large consequences for the attenuation of vertical carbon flux.
Prevalence and Treatments of Movement Disorders in Prion Diseases: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Sequeira Danielle , Nihat Akin , Mok Tzehow , Coysh Thomas , Rudge Peter , Collinge John , Mead Simon 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPrion diseases cause a range of movement disorders involving the cortical, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar systems, and yet there are no large systematic studies of their prevalence, features, associations, and responses to commonly used treatments.ObjectivesWe sought to describe the natural history and pharmacological management of movement disorders in prion diseases.MethodsWe studied the serial examination findings, investigation results, and symptomatic treatment recorded for 700 patients with prion diseases and 51 mimics who had been enrolled onto the prospective longitudinal National Prion Monitoring Cohort study between 2008 and 2020. We performed an analysis to identify whether there were patterns of movement disorders associated with disease aetiology, PRNP codon 129 polymorphism, disease severity rating scales, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings.ResultsGait disturbances, myoclonus, and increased tone are the most frequently observed movement disorders in patients with prion diseases. The typical pattern of early motor dysfunction involves gait disturbance, limb ataxia, impaired smooth pursuit, myoclonus, tremor, and increased limb tone. Disturbances of gait, increased tone, and myoclonus become more prevalent and severe as the disease progresses. Chorea, alien limb phenomenon, and nystagmus were the least frequently observed movement disorders, with these symptoms showing spontaneous resolution in approximately half of symptomatic patients. Disease severity and PRNP codon 129 polymorphism were associated with different movement disorder phenotypes. Antiepileptics and benzodiazepines were found to be effective in treating myoclonus.ConclusionsWe describe the prevalence, severity, evolution, treatment, and associated features of movement disorders in prion diseases based on a prospective cohort study. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in children: The European Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group experience
Authors: Orbach Daniel , Van Noesel Max M. , Brennan Bernadette , Corradini Nadège , Alaggio Rita , Ben Arush Myriam , Schoot Reineke A. , Berlanga Pablo , Zanetti Ilaria , Hjalgrim Lisa Lyngsie , Di Corti Federica , Ramirez Gema , Casanova Michela , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group analyzed all children with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma prospectively registered in the NRSTS‐05 (EUDRACT 2005‐001139‐31) and in MTS‐2008 (NCT00379457) studies: 10 patients with localized and one with metastatic disease. Median age was 14.3 years (range, 9.0–18.8). Local therapy was initial primary surgery in seven cases, and five patients received systemic therapy. No patients received radiotherapy. After a median follow‐up of 50 months (range, 6–176) for living patients, nine patients remain alive off therapy and two died. Five‐year progression free and overall survivals are, respectively, 77.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.5–93.9) and 74.1% (95% CI: 28.1–93.0).
Vibration characteristics of circular composite sandwich cylindrical shells with soft core
Authors: Dong Xiaowen , Yin Bo , Li Yanzhao , Zhai Yanchun 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this article, in order to obtain better vibration characteristics of circular composite sandwich cylindrical shells (CCSCS), the free vibration and damping property of CCSCS has been performed with parameter analysis. First, the equations of motion of CCSCS are deduced by adopting a displacement continuous piece‐wise model based on Hamilton's principle and first order shear theory, in which shear strain and rotary inertias of all layers are considered. Second, the exact Navier method is adopted to obtain the solutions of these vibration equations and is authenticated by comparison with the results of open literatures. Finally, the change rule of free vibration and damping property versus thickness, shear parameter, and some structure parameters ratios are presented graphically, then a series of valuable conclusion are proposed to make CCSCS obtain higher rigidity and damping property.
Investigation of low‐velocity impact behavior of aluminum honeycomb composite sandwiches with GNPs doped BFR laminated face‐sheets and interfacial adhesive for aircraft structures
Authors: Demirci Mehmet Turan 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe low‐velocity impacts that represent the equipment drop during maintenance and production, crash and drops of luggage that may occur during transportation and bird strikes during takeoff may occur in aircraft parts where honeycomb composite structures are used. Therefore, the low‐velocity impact (LVI) resistance of aircraft components is crucial. In this study, the effect of graphene nano platelets (GNPs) on the LVI behaviors of the BFR (basalt fiber reinforcement) laminated face‐sheets and the interface adhesive between the face‐sheet and the aluminum honeycomb core for composite sandwich structures were investigated. LVI tests were applied to GNPs doped and un‐doped BFR/aluminum composite sandwich samples to determine the values of the impact forces, displacements, interaction times, and absorbed energy at two different energy levels of 10 J and 20 J. The surface damages in the impact zones of the GNPs doped and un‐doped BFR laminated top face‐sheets of the sandwich samples were investigated on a macro scale with liquid penetrant. The damage formation and development of GNPs were detected in the cross‐sectional micro‐images of the top face‐sheets. SEM analysis was accomplished to define the fracture mechanisms provided by GNPs. As a consequence of tests and damage analysis, it was reported that GNPs increase the impact resistance of BFR/aluminum honeycomb composite sandwiches and limit and reduce damage development. GNPs showed increases in force and rebound energies of approximately 16.1% and 21.1% for 10 J, and approximately 8.2% and 14.7% for 20 J, respectively.
Strategy of combining offline 2D LC‐MS with LC‐DIA‐MS/MS to accurately identify chemical compounds and for quality control of Dioscorea septemloba Thunb
Authors: Chen Hongxi , Wang Lei , Wang Chenxi , Zhang Yi , Yu Haiyang , Fu Zhifei , Fu Xuebin , Han Lifeng 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionDioscorea septemloba Thunb. (DST), the rhizome of Dioscorea spongiosa J. Q. Xi, M. Mizuno et W. L. Zhao or Fuzhou Dioscorea futschauensis Uline ex R. Kunth, has multiple biological activities.ObjectivesWe aimed to comprehensively characterize the chemical composition of DST and develop a quality control method.MethodsBased on a UHPLC/Q‐Orbitrap‐MS platform, we developed an offline 2D LC‐MS method (HILIC×RPLC) to characterize the chemical constituents in the 75% ethanol extract of DST at first. Secondly, a data‐independent acquisition mode (DIA) was further established to conduct rapid qualitative analysis of compounds in DST from different habitats. Then, six differential compounds were screened out and selected as quantitative markers by UPLC‐QQQ‐MS to evaluate the content of DST from different habitats.ResultsIn total, 137 compounds were identified in DST by combining offline 2D LC‐MS with LC‐DIA‐MS/MS. Then, simultaneous targeted/non‐targeted scanning technology was established based on the precursor ion list. Finally, six compounds, including dioscin, gracillin, pseduoprotodioscin, pseudoprotogracillin, protodioscin, and protogracillin, were accurately determined. The method validation showed a good linear relationship in the concentration range investigated (R2 > 0.999). The average recovery ranged from 86% to 107.5%, and LOD and LOQ were between 0.01 and 0.40 μg·mL−1.ConclusionOur strategy integrating offline 2D LC‐MS and the DIA mode could effectively separate and identify compounds from DST, indicating it can be used in subsequent compounds characterization studies. At the same time, the quality of DST was comprehensively and systematically evaluated.
Prevalence of low back pain and its associated risk factors among professions and workers in health, medical, and welfare facilities in Japan
Authors: Kubo Naoyuki , Fujinawa Osamu , Hori Hideaki , Mizuno Katsunori , Hayashi Seigaku 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and its associated risk factors, including physical function, are not fully clarified among health, medical, and welfare facility professionals and workers. Furthermore, issues related to the prevention of LBP are not completely understood.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of LBP and associated risk factors, including physical function, in professionals and workers in health, medical, and welfare facilities.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingPhysical examinations for LBP were conducted, and data were collected at health, medical, and welfare facilities in Japan.ParticipantsA total of 1085 health, medical, and welfare facility professionals and workers participated in the study.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence was calculated based on the presence or absence of symptoms of LBP at the time of survey. Then, bivariate analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between LBP and age, gender, occupation, history of treatment for LBP, passive straight leg raising (SLR) angle, and abdominal muscle strength. Furthermore, multivariate analysis was performed to examine the relationship between LBP and the six risk factors.ResultsThe prevalence of LBP was high (74.8%). Bivariate analysis showed a significantly higher percentage of nursing professionals (46.2%) in the LBP group (p < .001). The association between LBP and the risk factors in multivariate analysis was as follows: history of treatment for LBP (odds ratio [OR] = 3.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.63–5.84, p < .001), nursing professionals as occupation (OR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.55–2.90, p < .001), passive SLR angle (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.24–3.42, p = .005), abdominal muscle strength (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.07–2.41, p = .021), and gender (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.08–2.14, p = .015).ConclusionIn the future, it will be necessary to take preventive measures for risk factors and to follow up longitudinally on the prevalence of LBP and on workers with indicated risk factors.
Fabrication of sustainable, toughening epoxy thermosets with rapidly thermal and light‐triggered shape memory property
Authors: Lu Chuanwei , Wang Xinyu , Shen Yi , Wang Jifu , Yong Qiang , Chu Fuxiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractShape memory epoxy thermosets (SMETs) have attracted more and more attention in artificial intelligence applications. However, the fabrication of lightweight and high‐strength bio‐based SMET with multiple‐response shape memory properties remains a challenge. Herein, a thermal and light‐triggered bio‐based SMET with excellent mechanical property and toughness is prepared. To fabricate the SMET, a bio‐based curing agent (CFMA) derived from cardanol, menthane diamine and furfural is utilized to react with epoxy resin E51 to prepare the SMET. The curing kinetics of SMET is measured by non‐isothermal DSC, and the reaction order is 0.784. The SMETs have excellent thermal stability and mechanical strength. Based on the toughening effect of the bio‐based curing agent, the SMETs exhibit excellent stretchability, and the toughness of the SMETs improves gradually with the increase in curing agent content. Furthermore, the SMET exhibits excellent thermal and light‐triggered shape memory properties, and the SMET with broad glass transition shows triple‐shape memory property. These multiple stimulus–response bio‐based SMETs with lightweight and high strength have potential applications in the field of actuators and intelligent electronic devices.
Stability of cubic single network phases in diblock copolymer melts
Authors: Chen Pengyu , Mahanthappa Mahesh K. , Dorfman Kevin D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe used self‐consistent field theory (SCFT) to examine the stability of three cubic single network structures, single gyroid, single diamond, and single primitive, in neat diblock copolymer melts. Arguments related to packing frustration, as measured by the standard deviation in the mean curvature of the interface relative to its mean, that explain the relative stability of double gyroid, double diamond and double primitive also extend to the relative stability of their single networks. However, this packing frustration measure fails to account for the relative stabilities of single and double networks, for example, single gyroid versus double gyroid, and arguments for a preferred curvature fail to explain the selection of double gyroid as the segregation strength increases. Rather, the larger interfacial areas per unit volume of single networks, arising from decreased domain sizes, are found to be a generic factor that leads to metastability of the cubic single networks relative to double gyroid in the network‐forming region of the morphology diagram. These results clarify the origins of the metastability of single cubic network phases in neat diblock copolymer melts.