bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building resilience now and for the future: Adolescent skills to address global challenges
Authors: D'Angelo Sophia 
Published: October 2022

SummaryMotivationYoung people's futures are at risk. Global crises such as armed conflict, climate change, mass displacement, and public health emergencies are threatening the education and wellbeing of adolescents all over the world. But young people are also resilient and innovative. It is vital that they have opportunities to develop relevant skills and knowledge, to build resilience, and overcome these challenges now and in the future.PurposeThis special issue brings together researchers and practitioners in the field of international education. Its purpose is twofold: to illustrate how current global challenges shape the types of skills needed to build resilience; and to offer possible solutions to supporting young people's development of such skills.Methods and approachThe articles in this special issue draw on both quantitative and qualitative data, including surveys and interviews with students, parents, teachers, school leaders, nonformal education providers, and government officials. Most studies present evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa.FindingsThe findings presented in this special issue address a range of skills, including foundational literacy and numeracy, hard skills in digital literacy, financial literacy, and entrepreneurship, and soft skills, such as critical thinking, confidence, voice and agency.Policy implicationsWith the special issue we aim to draw more attention to the need for research and policy that equip youth with relevant skills and that see them not just as subjects of the challenges they encounter, but also as active agents of change. We also highlight the importance of an intersectional lens that addresses not just gender, but also other individual and household characteristics, such as student age, disability status, and poverty to support youth resilience and skills development.
Phytophthora plurivora and Phytophthora pseudocryptogea isolated from soils supporting declining oaks (Quercus robur L.) in İstanbul, Turkey
Authors: Kurbetli İlker , Woodward Stephen , Aydoğdu Mehmet , Sülü Görkem , Özben Süreyya 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSymptoms of decline were first observed on oak trees (Quercus robur) in Emirgan Grove, İstanbul in August 2015. Symptoms included sparse canopies, crown dieback and bleeding cankers on the trunk, usually just above soil level, suggesting Phytophthora infections. Most affected trees lost foliage. No Phytophthora species were isolated from bleeding lesions, although two were obtained using baiting and selective media from soil samples taken around symptomatic trees. Isolates were identified as P. plurivora and P. pseudocryptogea by a combination of morphological characteristics and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the cytochrome oxidase I (cox1) gene regions. Inoculations on 2‐ to 3‐year‐old Q. robur and Q. suber seedlings demonstrated that both species were pathogenic. Hence, P. plurivora and P. pseudocryptogea may have played roles in the dieback of the oaks, but further work is required to provide definitive conclusions on the cause of the formation of bleeding cankers on oak stems in İstanbul.
Still w(AI)ting for the automation of teaching: An exploration of machine learning in Swedish primary education using Actor‐Network Theory
Authors: Sperling Katarina , Stenliden Linnéa , Nissen Jörgen , Heintz Fredrik 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMachine learning and other artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are predicted to play a transformative role in primary education, where these technologies for automation and personalization are now being introduced to classroom instruction. This article explores the rationales and practices by which machine learning and AI are emerging in schools. We report on ethnographic fieldwork in Sweden, where a machine learning teaching aid in mathematics, the AI Engine, was tried out by 22 teachers and more than 250 primary education students. By adopting an Actor‐Network Theory approach, the analysis focuses on the interactions within the network of heterogeneous actors bound by the AI Engine as an obligatory passage point. The findings show how the actions and accounts emerging within the complex ecosystem of human actors compensate for the unexpected and undesirable algorithmic decisions of the AI Engine. We discuss expectations about AI in education, contradictions in how the AI Engine worked and uncertainties about how machine learning algorithms ‘learn’ and predict. These factors contribute to our understanding of the potential of automation and personalisation—a process that requires continued re‐negotiations. The findings are presented in the form of a fictional play in two acts, an ethnodrama. The ethnodrama highlights controversies in the use of AI in education, such as the lack of transparency in algorithmic decision‐making—and how this can play out in real‐life learning contexts. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of AI in primary education.
Positive interactions of native species melt invasional meltdown over long‐term plant succession
Authors: Yin Deyi , Meiners Scott J. , Ni Ming , Ye Qing , He Fangliang , Cadotte Marc W. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractPositive interactions have been hypothesised to influence plant community dynamics and species invasions. However, their prevalence and importance relative to negative interactions remain unclear to understand community change and invasibility. We examined pairwise biotic interactions using over 50 years of successional data to assess the prevalence of positive interactions and their effects on each focal species (either native or exotic). We found that positive interactions were widespread and the relative frequency of positive and negative interactions varied with establishment stage and between native and exotic species. Specifically, positive interactions were more frequent during early establishment and less frequent at later stages. Positive interactions involving native species were more frequent and stronger than those between exotic species, reducing the importance of invasional meltdown on succession. Our study highlights the role of positive native interactions in shielding communities from biological invasion and enhancing the potential for long‐term resilience.
2021 Condon Prize: Improvising care: A theatrical exploration of Turner syndrome subjectivities
Authors: Jones A. J. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article discusses an ethnographic theater project designed to explore how social performances of gender and disability shape the experiences of those with Turner syndrome, a genetic condition causing short stature and infertility. Working alongside two interlocutors with the condition, our rehearsals demonstrate subjectivity to be an ethical, relational, and generative practice of striving for good that fosters self‐care and empathy for others. Our collaboration exemplifies how anthropological approaches that engage vulnerability and improvisation encourage our interlocutors to investigate their self‐understandings with us in real time. Such communal explorations are frequently punctuated by uncertainty, contradiction, and tension, which shape interrelational processes of self‐formation and invite the ethnographer to reflect and improve upon shared expectations for the research encounter. This article, therefore, outlines a care‐oriented anthropology that prioritizes accessibility, recognizes the creative in the everyday, and embraces failure as an inextricable part of our research and the lives of our interlocutors.care, ethics and morality, performance, subjectivity, Turner syndrome
‘Reproduction mobility’ and motherhood construction: Chinese education migrants in Chiang Mai
Authors: Jiangyu Li , Sisi Guo , Siriphon Aranya 
Published: October 2022

Abstract‘Reproduction mobility’ adopted in this article indicates a rising trend of social reproduction mobility serving the purpose of maintaining an alternative life that many middle‐class Chinese parents, mostly mothers, are taking their children out of the hyper‐competitive domestic education arena in mainland China to attend international schools in Chiang Mai. This escape implies macro‐level changes in the global education market on two fronts: Chinese national education is enveloping families into a national education competition from which they cannot withdraw; meanwhile, Thailand's international education market is being industrialized as part of the neoliberal marketization of international education in less developed countries. This paper analyses the calculation, evaluation and agentive selection of Chinese families as they pursue an increasingly popular education project of reproduction mobility. It identifies different modes of mothering that are similar to the domestic phenomenon of ‘mothering brokerage’ but practised in the international education environment of Southeast Asia.
Indicators for adequate diabetes care for the indigenous communities of Ecuador
Authors: Martin‐Delgado Jimmy , Tovar Carla , Pazmiño Israel , Briones Amelia , Carrillo Irene , Guilabert Mercedes , Mira José Joaquín 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionDiabetes is the second leading cause of death in Ecuador, as 79% of the indigenous population live in rural areas that are difficult to access and have below‐average health resources. The objective of this study was to define person‐centred indicators to monitor the care received by patients with diabetes in the indigenous population.MethodQualitative research combining three focus groups (with the participation of 10 patients and 18 professionals) to capture relevant information and Delphi to reach a consensus on the pertinence, relevance, and feasibility of a set of indicators was conducted. Two rounds of the Delphi technique were performed, with the participation of 64 professionals in the first round (90% response rate) and 34 in the second round (53% response rate).ResultsA total of 23 indicators were identified which were distributed in the previously identified six dimensions (cosmovision, accessibility, adaptability to cosmovision, resources, equipment, community care, quality culture and results).ConclusionsThe consensus on the set of indicators among all the participants in this study strengthened the results obtained. These indicators have considered the feasibility and relevance and aimed to achieve comprehensive person‐centred care for diabetes among the indigenous population in Ecuador and possibly the Andean community.Patient or Public ContributionThese indicators’ development included patients and caregivers since its conception. During the qualitative phase of this research, relevant information on cultural and social beliefs was gathered directly from the study population to achieve patient‐centred indicators for adequate diabetes care.
Brood sex ratios in Merlins reflect characteristics of the associated breeding male and population density
Authors: Warkentin Ian G. , Brooks Darin W. , Lieske David J. , Espie Richard H. M. , James Paul C. 
Published: October 2022

Population‐level estimates of offspring sex ratios in birds typically approximate parity whereas biased ratios within nests are not uncommon. In sexually dimorphic raptors, the costs and relative fitness benefits of rearing male and female progeny vary with changing environmental circumstances. This may lead to substantial deviations from balanced investment in offspring of a particular sex by individual parents. Based on a 13‐year dataset for breeding MerlinsFalco columbariusin Saskatoon, Canada, we used a model selection approach to assess the influence of parents, nest‐mates and nesting area on brood sex ratio during the nestling phase. The best model for predicting brood sex ratio included age of the breeding male and brood size for each nest (n = 127); nests with older male breeders and smaller brood sizes had more female young. The population‐level annualized average proportion of male offspring was 0.472 ± 0.017 (mean ± standard error), but tended towards greater production of female young during an initial period of population growth (8 years, 10–21 pairs; proportion male 0.435 ± 0.031) versus a period when the population fluctuated around a presumed carrying capacity (11 years, 24–33 pairs; proportion male 0.500 ± 0.017). Energetics appears to be a finely tuned mechanism driving sex ratio allocation in Merlins at both brood and population levels. Provisioning food for young in the nest represents the male's ability to successfully capture prey, reflecting his age and/or experience, as well as the availability of prey to the male. Confounding this mechanism to determine sex ratio allocation are the pressures created by population dynamics that dictate competition for resources both within the nest (brood size) and external to the nest (population density).
Biocompatibility and bioactive potential of an experimental tricalcium silicate‐based cement in comparison with Bio‐C repair and MTA Repair HP materials
Authors: Queiroz Marcela Borsatto , Inada Rafaela N. H. , Jampani José Leandro de Abreu , Guerreiro‐Tanomaru Juliane Maria , Sasso‐Cerri Estela , Tanomaru‐Filho Mário , Cerri Paulo Sérgio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the tissue reaction of a tricalcium silicate‐based repair material associated with 30% calcium tungstate (TCS + CaWO4) in comparison to Bio‐C Repair (Bio‐C; Angelus) and to MTA Repair HP (MTA HP; Angelus).MethodologyPolyethylene tubes filled with one of the materials or left empty (control group, CG) were implanted into the subcutaneous tissues of rats for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days (n = 32/group). The capsule thickness, number of inflammatory cells, collagen content, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), osteocalcin (OCN), von Kossa reaction and analysis under polarized light were evaluated. The data were subjected to generalized linear models for repeated measures, except the OCN. OCN data were submitted to Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's post hoc test and Friedman followed by Nemenyi's test at significance level of 5%.ResultsAt all time points, significant differences in the number of inflammatory cells were not observed between TCS + CaWO4 and Bio‐C, whereas, at 15, 30 and 60 days, no significant difference was detected between TCS + CaWO4 and MTA HP. At all periods, significant differences were not detected in the number of fibroblasts in TCS + CaWO4 versus MTA HP, and, at 60 days, no significant difference was demonstrated between these groups and CG. Significant differences in the immunoexpression of IL‐6 were not detected amongst bioceramic materials at all periods. From 7 to 60 days, significant reduction in the number of inflammatory cells, number of IL‐6‐immunopositive cells and in the capsule thickness was accompanied by significant increase in the collagen in all groups. OCN‐immunolabelled cells, von Kossa‐positive structures and amorphous calcite deposits were observed around all materials, whereas, in the CG, these structures were not seen.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the experimental material (TCS + CaWO4) is biocompatible and has a bioactive potential, similar to the MTA HP and Bio‐C Repair, and suggest its use as a root repair material.
Changing perspectives on frontotemporal dementia: A review
Authors: Snowden Julie S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis article examines the evolution in understanding of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) during the last four decades. A central theme is the recognition of heterogeneity. Originally construed as a disorder of behaviour and executive impairment, FTD is now known also to be associated with alterations in language, conceptual knowledge and praxis. An absence of neurological signs is the hallmark of many FTD patients, but there is also an established association with motor neurone disease (MND), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). FTD is commonly defined as an early onset dementia, yet about a quarter of patients present after the age of 65. The underlying pathological protein is tau, TDP‐43 or more rarely fused‐in‐sarcoma (FUS). Distinct genetic mutations have been identified in familial FTD. There are predictable relationships between clinical phenotype, pathological substrate and genetic mutation. For example, a circumscribed semantic disorder predicts TDP‐43 pathology, and speech or limb apraxia tau pathology. The co‐occurrence of MND predicts TDP‐43 pathology, and PSP and CBD tau pathology. FUS pathology is associated with very youthful onset, stereotyped behaviours and caudate atrophy. Non‐fluent aphasia is linked to progranulin (GRN) mutations and MND and psychosis to repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene. Despite striking worldwide consensus in findings there remain some issues of contention, largely related to the classification of FTD and its sub‐variants. Understanding the diverse nature of FTD is crucial for effective diagnosis, management and the development of targeted therapies.
Are acupuncture and dry needling effective in the management of masticatory muscle pain: A network meta‐analysis of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Al‐Moraissi Essam Ahmed , Goddard Greg , Christidis Nikolaos 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have shown that both acupuncture and dry needling are effective in the treatment of musculoskeletal pains. Therefore, the aim of this network meta‐analysis (NMA) was to investigate the treatment outcome of acupuncture and dry‐needling for masticatory muscle pain (TMD‐M) and to compare with active and inactive placebo.Material and MethodAn electronic search was performed to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published until September 2019, comparing dry‐needling, acupuncture, and inactive as well as active placebo in patients with TMD‐M. Outcome variables were post‐treatment pain intensity, pressure pain threshold (PPT), and maximum mouth opening (MMO). The quality of evidence was rated according to Cochrane's tool for assessing the risk of bias. Mean difference was used to analyse via frequentist NMA using STATA‐software.ResultsBoth NMA and direct pairwise meta‐analysis have shown that there was no difference between active treatment with either acupuncture or dry‐needling when compared to active and inactive placebo in patients with TMD‐M with respect to pain intensity, and PPT (p > .05). However, there was a significant increase in MMO following dry‐needling when compared to the placebo (very low‐quality evidence).ConclusionDespite the short‐term positive effect of MMO by dry‐needling, this NMA could not show any pain‐reducing effect in patients with TMD‐M by acupuncture or dry‐needling when compared to an active or inactive placebo. Taken together, this NMA indicates that it is the placebo effect that accounts for the majority of the treatment effect of TMD‐M, rather than a real therapeutic effect of acupuncture/dry‐needling.
α1‐ and β2‐Microglobulin reduction ratios and survival in patients on predilution online haemodiafiltration
Authors: Mizuiri Sonoo , Nishizawa Yoshiko , Yamashita Kazuomi , Doi Toshiki , Okubo Aiko , Morii Kenichi , Usui Koji , Arita Michiko , Naito Takayuki , Shigemoto Kenichiro , Masaki Takao 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimβ2‐Microglobulin (β2‐MG) and α1‐microglobulin (α1‐MG) have molecular weights of 11,800 and 33,000 Da, respectively. We studied the α1‐MG and β2‐MG reduction ratios (RRs) and survival in patients on predilution online haemodiafiltration (Pre‐OL‐HDF).MethodsParticipants were 247 Pre‐OL‐HDF patients. α1‐MG and β2‐MG RRs were assessed at baseline. Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox proportional hazard analyses were used.ResultsIn 247 patients, the median age was 67 (56–73) years, the dialysis duration was 77 (46–150) months, and the diabetes prevalence was 47.4%. Twenty‐two patients died over the 450‐day study period. The mortality cut‐off values using receiver‐operating characteristic curves for the α1‐MG and β2‐MG RRs were 20% and 80%, respectively. Survival rates were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in patients with α1‐MG RRs ≥20% (n = 134) compared with patients with α1‐MG RRs <20% (n = 113) and in patients with β2‐MG RRs ≥80% (n = 87) compared with patients with β2‐MG RRs <80% (n = 160). Cox models adjusting for diabetes and dialysis duration showed that α1‐MG RR, β2‐MG RR, and pre‐ and postdialysis β2‐MG were risk factors for all‐cause mortality; however, after additional adjustment for age, sex, and serum albumin, only β2‐MG RR and pre‐ and postdialysis β2‐MG were significant predictors of mortality (p < 0.05). α1‐MG RRs were significantly correlated with β2‐MG RRs (ρ = 0.73, p < 0.0001) and serum albumin levels (ρ = 0.13, p < 0.05).ConclusionIn patients on Pre‐OL‐HDF, α1‐MG RRs ≥20% and β2‐MG RRs ≥80% were associated with better survival, β2‐MG RR ≥80% and pre‐and postdialysis β2‐MG levels were significant predictors of all‐cause mortality, and α1‐MG RR ≥20% may predict mortality.
Transition to energy‐efficient and clean transportation system in Nigeria: Evidence from transportation fuels demand analysis
Authors: Sa'ad Suleiman , Omaye Solomon Ochada , Adama Ahmad Hamma , Dotti Rakiya , Usman Baba Ali 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the prospects and challenges of transition from the current inefficient and highly polluting road transportation system in Nigeria to a highly efficient and environmentally friendly road transportation system. The study used time‐series data from 1981 to 2019 within the framework of demand for gasoline and diesel in the structural time‐series estimation model, where the concept of the asymmetric price increase and underlying energy demand trends were incorporated into the models. The findings of the study show that both gasoline and diesel are highly price inelastic, and the UEDT is generally stochastic but exhibits a positive trend in a large part of the estimation period. The conclusion and policy implication of the result suggests that governments should combine incentives and public enlightenment on the importance of energy efficiency as well as transport infrastructure improvements with gradual adjustments of domestic prices in the short run. However, in the long run, policy should be extended towards massive investments in the transformation and modernization of the whole transportation sector in line with sustainability, efficiency and environmentally friendly goals in the transportation system of the country.