bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educação sexual e promoção dos direitos humanos: uma análise comparada
Authors: Costi Fadanelli Isadora 
Published: May 2022

Considerando-se que a temática da eficácia dos direitos fundamentais tem sido desenvolvida e aprofundada pela doutrina e pela jurisprudência alemã, bem como sua crescente influência no ordenamento jurídico pátrio, estabeleceu-se a seguinte problemática de pesquisa, mais especificamente, em que medida é possível verificar que a proibição da educação sobre gênero e das aulas de educação sexual nas escolas acarreta em violação a direitos fundamentais, a partir da análise de decisão proferida pelo Tribunal Federal Constitucional alemão, pela Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos e pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre tal temática, dentro de uma perspectiva comparada na análise dos direitos fundamentais, entre o contexto europeu e o contexto brasileiro? A fim de responder este questionamento principal, este artigo foi desenvolvido a partir de um objetivo geral, qual seja, analisar a jurisprudência envolvendo a temática dos direitos fundamentais de forma comparada e dentro de uma perspectiva integrativa entre o contexto europeu e o contexto brasileiro, através das decisões proferidas pelo Tribunal Constitucional Federal alemão, pela Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos e pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal; e um objetivo específico, qual seja, elucidar os principais pontos das decisões destas Cortes. Utilizando-se da metodologia hipotético-dedutiva, concluiu-se que a proibição da discussão de gênero nas instituições de ensino causa grave violação a direitos fundamentais, como, por exemplo, o direito à educação, o direito à liberdade de ensinar e aprender, e o direito da criança, adolescente e jovem de ser colocado a salvo de toda forma de discriminação e violência.
Evaluating the role of consumer perceptions in direct selling business in new normal era
Authors: Quadree Shams Tabrez , Pahari Subhajit 
Published: May 2022

In the era of the competitive business landscape, every company seeks to be the category-lead but it is not an easy-going task, especially in case of Direct selling business. To be the category lead, a company is required to differentiate its brand over competitors in terms of product value proposition, pricing, customer service, and other constructs that bind the customers who have been loyal to the brand for a long time. Understanding consumers’ buying behaviour is a vital task in this regard, failing which any organisation struggle to find their position in the competitive market. Customer satisfaction refers to a person’s general attitude toward a service provider or an emotional reaction to a discrepancy between the expected service and the service received to fulfil the desired goals or needs. The first intent of the present investigation is to identify the factors contributing to Customer Satisfaction. The second intent is to evaluate the relationship between Customer Satisfaction and Consumer-Organisation Relationship (COR). The study was carried out by considering the five factors viz. price stability, product quality, reliability, efficiency, and user-friendliness to explore their impact on customer satisfaction. Further, CFA and SEM approaches were used to analyse the data.
PENGARUH ONLINE REVIEW TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MENGINAP DI JEJARING HOTEL LOKAL TERBESAR DI INDONESIA SANTIKA GRUP
Authors: Sofiani Sofiani 
Published: May 2022

The high internet usage in the country of Indonesia has made very significant changes in many ways, one of the very big changes in the habits of the Indonesian people who initially used booking activities more directly but now turn to using online ordering methods. This can benefit customers by making choices at online hotels on the internet. By developing it further, changing the pattern of hotel bookings today makes guests more careful in making reservations, guests can check the ratings of the hotel they will visit by just looking at the comments listed on the online review comments page of the online travel agent. The comments listed are made by previous guests who have enjoyed staying at this hotel so it is not uncommon that the comments listed determine the outcome of the stay decision. The study was conducted to analyze the interaction of its review dimensions, namely: the usefulness of online reviews, expertise reviews, timeliness of online reviews, online review volumes, online review valence (positive and negative), and completeness of online reviews on the decision to stay at the local Santika hotel Groups . The research method used is to discuss hypotheses developed based on related theories. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results of this study found: The positive benefits of each dimension of useful online reviews, the expertise of reviewers, the timeliness of online reviews, positive online reviews, and the completeness of online reviews for stay results. There is a negative effect of online reviews on stay decisions, but there is no effect of online review volume on stay decisions.

Keywords: Online review, Online Booking, Stay decision
Excessive alcohol consumption and binge drinking in college students
Authors: Herrero-Montes Manuel , Alonso-Blanco Cristina , Paz-Zulueta María , Pellico-López Amada , Ruiz-Azcona Laura , Sarabia-Cobo Carmen , Boixadera-Planas Ester , Parás-Bravo Paula 
Published: May 2022

Background
Binge drinking (BD) refers to a pattern of alcohol consumption characterized by the consumption of large amounts of alcohol in a short period of time followed by periods of abstinence. This drinking pattern is prevalent worldwide, mainly among young people. Excessive alcohol consumption is the spectrum of consumption patterns that may have or have had health consequences, and includes the concepts of risky alcohol use, harmful alcohol use and alcohol dependence according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), the latter two are currently grouped into alcohol use disorder (AUD) according to the fifth edition of the DSM (DSM-5). Due to the high prevalence of BD among young people, especially university students, as well as the important consequences of its practice, a study was conducted to evaluate excessive alcohol consumption and its relationship with the practice of BD in university students.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among students (aged 18–30 years) enrolled in the academic year 2018–2019 at the Faculty of Nursing at a university in northern Spain. Data collection included sociodemographic information, and alcohol use information, collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. To measure the excessive alcohol consumption, this study used the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).

Results
A total of 142 participants were included, of which 88.03% were women. Up to 38.03% were classified as BD. Up to 14.77% of non-BD participants and 66.67% of BD participants were classified as risky drinkers (AUDIT Total geq 8 in men or geq 6 in women) (p < 0.001). Up to 3.41% of the non-BD and 24.07% of the BD were drinkers with harmful alcohol use and probable alcohol dependence (AUDIT Total geq 13) (p < 0.001). A total of 5.68% of non-BD and 42.59% of BD were AUD drinkers (AUDIT Total geq 9 in males or geq 8 in females) (p < 0.001). In addition, statistically significant differences were found between the BD and non-BD groups in the responses to each of the AUDIT items, as well as in the total score and also in the scores of the three domains of the questionnaire.

Conclusions
Excessive alcohol consumption is frequent among university students, especially among those who practice BD.
Phase Fluorometric Optical Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor for Fermentation Off‐Gas Monitoring
Authors: Sipior Jeffrey , Randers‐Eichhorn Lisa , Lakowicz Joseph R. , Carter Gary M. , Rao Govind 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe demonstrated an optical carbon dioxide gas sensor suitable for replacement of gas chromatographs and mass spectrometers for the measurement of carbon dioxide in the off‐gas of a bioreactor for fermentation and cell culture applications. The sensor is based upon the change in lifetime of a donor fluorophore, sulforhodamine 101 (SR101), induced by fluorescence resonance energy transfer to a pH‐sensitive, nonfluorescent acceptor, m‐cresol purple (MCP). Carbon dioxide diffusing into the sensor produces carbonic acid, changing the absorbance spectrum of the MCP, and thus its spectral overlap with the SR101, changing its lifetime. This lifetime change was measured in the frequency, rather than the time domain, as a change in the phase angle of the fluorescence relative to the modulated excitation light. The sensor was calibrated by correlating the phase response to carbon dioxide concentrations. The calibration remained valid over the life of the sensor, which has been shown to be greater than 2 weeks. The sensor was most sensitive at low CO2 concentrations and responded to concentration changes in seconds. The sensor film is very inexpensive to produce and the light source is an inexpensive light‐emitting diode. Furthermore, lower cost detection electronics can be developed since only one modulation frequency is required. In addition, this sensor can potentially be used in vivo, with a fiber optic both delivering the excitation light and collecting the emission.
Use of the Centritech Lab Centrifuge for Perfusion Culture of Hybridoma Cells in Protein‐Free Medium
Authors: Johnson Mark , Lanthier Stéphane , Massie Bernard , Lefebvre Gilles , Kamen Amine A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAs part of an effort to develop a suspension‐culture perfusion‐based process with high flow rate without the fouling and antibody retention inherent to filter‐based cell‐separation devices, we have evaluated and contributed to the development of the Centritech Lab centrifuge for the perfusion culture of hybridoma cells in protein‐free medium. Culture start‐ups showed that cell growth and monoclonal‐antibody (MAb) production rates were similar in both a spinner flask and continuous centrifugation coupled to a bioreactor. The centrifuge efficiently separated viable cells from dead ones. Viable‐cell recoveries were never below 98%, whereas dead‐cell recoveries were usually around 80%. The cell content of the centrifuge supernatant and concentrate was strongly determined by the total amount of cells, viable and dead, in the culture broth, but an influence of the centrifugation parameters (feed rate, times of separation and discharge, and rotor speed) was observed. This understanding of the separation process inside the centrifuge is important and may apply to other similar devices. Monoclonal antibodies were not retained in the bioreactor during centrifugation perfusion. However, whereas similar growth rates were obtained in perfusion cultures using either continuous centrifugation or filtration, MAb concentrations were 35% lower in the former case. Utilization of the centrifuge in an intermittent fashion decreased the daily cell residence time outside the bioreactor, the daily pelleted‐cell residence time in the centrifuge, and the frequency of cell passage to the centrifuge. This led to higher viable‐cell numbers in the bioreactor and an accompanying increase in MAb concentrations, 225–250 mg of IgM L−1, equal to the performance of filter‐based perfusion systems with the same cell line. It was hypothesized that having cells periodically packed at the bottom of the centrifuge insert (up to 800 × 106 cells mL−1) is deleterious to the culture by exposing the pelleted cells to prolonged nutrient limitations.
Optimization of Sorting Conditions for the Selection of Stable, High‐Producing Mammalian Cell Lines
Authors: Zeyda Max , Borth Nicole , Kunert Renate , Katinger Hermann 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe production of Green Fluorescent Protein in recombinant NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells was used as a model to determine the optimal conditions for the rapid isolation of high‐producing cell lines with a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter. “Bulk sorting”, that is, sorting of a large number of positive cells, did not result in a stable, high‐producing cell line due to overgrowth of high‐producing cells by low‐ or nonproducing cells. The production kinetics and expression of GFP during batch culture was found to differ between NIH3T3 cells and HepG2 hepatoma cells, even though the same plasmid was used for transfection. The kinetics of product formation need therefore to be determined from case to case to select the optimal timepoint for analysis and sorting. Subcloning of sorted cells into microtiter plates only resulted in high‐producing subclones when 1 or 2 cells were seeded per well. Higher seeding rates again resulted in overgrowth of low‐ or nonproducers. By subcloning, two high‐producing cells lines could be isolated. They had a 10‐ and 15‐fold higher fluorescent signal compared to the negative control. While one of these subclones started to decrease it's GFP expression after 2 months, the other clone stably expressed GFP for 4 months.
The ICS‐‘BPH’ Study: uroflowmetry, lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: Reynard  , Yang  , Donovan  , Peters  , Schafer  , De La Rosette  , Dabhoiwala  , Osawa  , Tong Long Lim  , Abrams  
Published: July 2002

Objective To explore the relationship between uroflow variables and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS); to define performance statistics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) for maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax ) with respect to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) at various threshold values; and to investigate the diagnostic value of low‐volume voids.Patients and methods The study comprised 1271 men aged between 45 and 88 years recruited from 12 centres in Europe, Australia, Canada, Taiwan and Japan over a 2‐year period. Symptom questionnaires, voiding diaries, uroflowmetry and pressure‐flow data were recorded. The relationship between uroflow variables and symptoms, Qmax and BOO, and the diagnostic performance of low volume voids were analysed.Results The relationship between symptoms and uroflow variables was poor. The mean difference between home‐recorded and clinic‐recorded voided volumes was −48 mL. Qmax was significantly lower in those with BOO (9.7 mL/s for void 1) than in those with no obstruction (12.6 mL/s; P<0.001) and Qmax was negatively correlated with obstruction grade (Spearman’s correlation coefficient −0.3, P<0.001), even when controlling for the negative correlation between age and Qmax (Spearman’s partial correlation coefficient −0.29, P<0.001). A threshold value of Qmax of 10 mL/s had a specificity of 70%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 70% and a sensitivity of 47% for BOO. The specificity using a threshold Qmax of 15 mL/s was 38%, the PPV 67% and the sensitivity 82%. Those voiding <150 mL (n=225) had a 72% chance of BOO (overall prevalence of BOO 60%). In those voiding >150 mL the likelihood of BOO was 56%. The addition of a specific threshold of 10 mL/s to these higher volume voiders improved the PPV for BOO to 69%.Conclusion While uroflowmetry cannot replace pressure‐flow studies in the diagnosis of BOO, it can provide a valuable improvement over symptoms alone in the diagnosis of the cause of lower urinary tract dysfunction in men presenting with LUTS. This study provides performance statistics for Qmax with respect to BOO; such statistics may be used to define more accurately the presence or absence of BOO in men presenting with LUTS, so avoiding the need for formal pressure‐flow studies in everyday clinical practice, while improving the likelihood of a successful outcome from prostatectomy. This study also shows that low‐volume uroflowmetry can provide useful diagnostic information and that, as such, the data from such voids should not be discarded.
A new proposal on use of the dual beam produced by an elliptic-MPW (EMPW) for angiography (abstract)
Authors: Hyodo Kazuyuki , Shiwaku Hideaki , Yamamoto Shigeru , Kitamura Hideo , Ando Masami 
Published: July 2002

We have been developing a two-dimensional imaging system for K-edge subtraction angiography with a large size monochromatic SR beam by using asymmetrical reflection from a crystal and a two-dimensional detector system [M. Akisada et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 246, 713 (1987); K. Hyodo et al., KEK-Preprint 89–181 (1990)]. Through our preliminary experiments, the advantages in the two-dimensional imaging system with real-time image aquisition were confirmed. However, taking account of a clinical application, it needs a faster energy switching system between above and below the K-edge energy and the incident x-ray intensity onto a patient should be more than 1011 photons mm2/s to attain subtracted images with high S/N ratio. If the dual SR beam produced by an EMPW would be used, we can overcome those problems. The EMPW installed at the accumulation ring (AR) primarily designed to produce elliptically polarized SR also naturally yields dual and very intense linearly polarized SR [S. Yamamoto et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 2672 (1989)]. Their angle separation is described as Ψ=2×Kx/γ(rad), where Kx=0.834Bxeλu, Bxe is the value of the horizontal magnetic field, λu is the periodicity of the magnet array, and γ is the ratio of the acceleration energy over the rest energy of an electron. In the case of the current device, its maximum separation is about 0.48 mrad.
The advantages of use of these beams are as follows: (a) They will cause no resonant vibration of a crystal which deteriorates x-ray energy resolution because only a mechanical switch of the incident x-ray energy is needed in the current imaging system [K. Hyodo et al., KEK-Preprint 89–181 (1990)]. (b) The x-ray intensity is large enough for clinical application. Two asymmetrical cut Si(311) crystals were set to attain each linearly polarized SR beam, which corresponds to the x-ray energy at above and below the K edge, respectively. Both beams were introduced to an II-TV detector system after a vessel phantom filled with iodine concentration of 15% in weight. The spatial and concentration resolution of the x-ray images were evaluated. The possibility of this new imaging method for angiography was successfully demonstrated.
A coupled channel quantum scattering study of alignment effects in Na(2P3/2)+He→Na(2P1/2)+He collisions
Authors: Schatz George C. , Kovalenko Laurie J. , Leone Stephen R. 
Published: July 2002

In this paper we present results of coupled channel quantum scattering calculations of the alignment selected  j=3/2→ j=1/2 fine structure changing integral cross section for Na(2P)+He. This cross section has in the past been written in terms of a coherent sum of partial wave amplitudes, but we have found that it can be expressed in terms of an incoherent sum of partial cross sections, each labeled by the total angular momentum J and by parity. It is also possible to define an alignment selected wave function for each J such that the azimuthal average of the square of this wave function projected onto each final state is proportional to the magnitude of the partial cross section into that state. This J labeled wave function is thus clearly related to the physical measurables, and we have used it to determine propensities for preservation of asymptotically prepared alignment during collisions. Using a potential surface based on Pascale’s ab initio calculations, we find that the alignment ratio σ⊥/σ∥ is an increasing function of energy, with a value less than unity at low energy (&lt;0.01 eV), but increasing quickly to a value of about 2.0 at 0.04 eV and then more slowly at higher energy, up to a value of 2.7 at 0.2 eV (the highest energy considered). Above 0.02 eV, both the alignment ratio and the alignment selected integral cross sections are in good agreement with values calculated in an accompanying semiclassical study (Kovalenko, Leone, and Delos).
An examination of the J labeled alignment selected scattering wave functions and of the expectation values of 〈Ω〉, 〈Λ〉, and 〈Σ〉 indicates that at low J when the initial state is prepared with ∥ polarization, the dominant state at short range is Σ while with ⊥ polarization the dominant state is Π (i.e., asymptotic alignment is preserved). By way of contrast, this propensity for alignment preservation is not seen if fluxes or probability densities associated with alignment selected wave functions labeled by the initial orbital quantum number l (rather than J) are considered. This l labeled result is in accord with recent work by Pouilly and Alexander, but the lack of alignment preservation in this case has no relationship with the alignment cross sections, or with the alignment selected plane wave scattering wave function, since the l labeled wave functions must be coherently combined to generate this information. The orbital scrambling found for the l labeled solutions thus is not related to measurable properties, and instead the correct picture is provided by the J labeled solutions, which do show preservation of alignment. We find that even in the J labeled picture, alignment preservation does not by itself guarantee any specific trend in the alignment ratio for the fine structure transition.
Half-collision studies of singlet-to-triplet energy transfer: Action spectroscopy and predissociation dynamics of electronically excited Cd⋅H2 and Cd⋅D2 complexes
Authors: Wallace Ingvar , Funk David J. , Kaup John G. , Breckenridge W. H. 
Published: July 2002

The Cd⋅H2 and Cd⋅D2 van der Waals complexes were synthesized by expanding cadmium vapor and He/H2 mixtures into a supersonic free jet. The ‘‘half-collision’’ process, Cd(5s5p 1P1)⋅H2→Cd(5s5p 3PJ) +H2, was studied by fixing a probe dye laser pulse (delayed 10 ns) onto one of the Cd(5s6s 3S1←5s5p 3PJ) transitions while exciting the Cd⋅H2(Cd⋅D2) complex with a pump dye laser pulse tuned across frequencies near that of the free Cd(5s5p 1P1←5s5s 1S0) atomic transition. When the probe laser was tuned to detect Cd(5s5p 3P2), an action spectrum to the red of the atomic transition was obtained for Cd⋅H2 consisting of a broad continuum superimposed upon which was an anharmonic series of vibrational transitions with discernible, blue-shaded rotational structure.
A similar spectrum was recorded for Cd⋅D2, except that only very broadened blue-shaded rotational structure was observed. From the isotopic band-head splittings, computer simulations of the rotational band structure, and recent ab initio calculations of Cd⋅H2 potential surfaces by Jack Simons and co-workers, it is tentatively concluded that the vibrational resonances are due to the (1B1;K′a=0) ←(1A1;K■a=1) perpendicular transition of ortho Cd⋅H2 (para Cd⋅D2 ). The continuum is assigned to the other perpendicular transitions of para and ortho Cd⋅H2(Cd⋅D2) which excite 1B2(K′a=0,1,2) and 1B1(Ka=1,2) states. The attractive 1B2 state predissociates rapidly due to potential surface crossings with both the 3A1 and 3B1 repulsive states of CdH2, and we postulate that the 1B1 energy levels with K′a≥1 are strongly coupled with the 1B2 levels with Ka≥1. The 1B1(K′a=0) level is predissociated via a less efficient surface crossing with the more strongly repulsive 3A1 state.
The yield of Cd(5s5p 3P2) vs Cd(5s5p 3P1) for the ‘‘vibrational resonance’’ mechanism, 2.6±0.2, is quite different from that for the ‘‘continuum’’ mechanism, 1.17±0.05, consistent with this idea. The 3A1 state correlates only with Cd(5s5p 3P2), but the B2 spin–orbit component of the 3B1 state (which will be produced by predissociation of the 1B2 state) correlates with Cd(5s5p 3P1). We estimate that the CdH2(1B1) state has a value of De≊1700 cm−1 at R′e(Cd–H2)≊2.5 Å, qualitatively consistent with the ab initio calculations, which show that the CdH2(1B1) potential is quite flat, with no H–H bond stretching or appreciable repulsion until Cd–H2 distances as small as 2.0 Å are reached.