bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIVERSIDADE DE INVERTEBRADOS EM DIFERENTES USOS DO SOLO NA FLORESTA DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Marcílio Gonçalves dos Santos Arnoldo , Gatto Alcides , Pereira Oliveira Elisiana , Ribeiro Fabiana Piontekowski , Elias Reis Hodecker Bárbara , Pereira Bussinguer Angela , de Faria Ferreira Natália Cássia 
Published: August 2022

O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes sistemas do uso da terra na qualidade do solo. O estudo foi realizado no Campo Experimental Confiança - Embrapa - RR. Foram avaliados oito usos da terra em parcelas de 50 x 50 m; floresta, capoeira, capoeira manejada, agrofloresta sem insumos, agrofloresta com insumos, pastagem alterada, pastagem manejada e um sistema de produção de pupunha/palmito. Em cada uso do solo projetou-se sobre um transecto na diagonal do terreno, para obtenção de cinco pontos amostrais, onde foram realizadas coletas de solo/serapilheira. A mesofauna foi obtida utilizando funil de Berlese-Tullgren, as amostras foram coletadas com sonda de 5 x 5 cm, introduzida no solo a 5 cm de profundidade. As amostras foram triadas adontando-se a chave de especialistas do grupo. Foram avaliadas: caracterização biológica da mesofauna e frequência e diversidade do grupo Collembola. Os ambientes apresentaram elevada diversificação de ordens de mesofauna, com as maiores frequências em ambientes com maior cobertura do solo. Houve destaque no uso do solo pupunheira/palmito, com alta diversidade de ordem e indivíduos, equivalentes aos ambientes de maior cobertura do solo. A diversidade de invertebrados do solo pode ser mais bem estudada e apresenta-se como bom indicador de qualidade do solo.
Palavras-chave: ação antrópica; manejo do solo; biodiversidade.

Land use on the diversity of soil invertebrates in the forest region of the amazon

ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate the effects of different land use systems on soil quality. The study was carried out at the Confiança Experimental Field - Embrapa - RR. Eight land uses were evaluated in 50 x 50 m plots; forest, capoeira (a kind of secondary forest), managed capoeira, agroforestry without using inputs, agroforestry using inputs, altered pasture, managed pasture and a peach palm/heart palm production system. Mesofauna was obtained using a Berlese-Tullgren funnel, samples were collected with a 5 x 5 cm probe, introduced into the soil at a depth of 5 cm. The samples were sorted using the group experts key. The following were evaluated: biological characterization of the mesofauna and frequency and diversity of the Collembola group. The environments showed high diversification of mesofauna orders, with the highest frequencies in environments with greater ground cover. The use of peach palm/heart palm soil stood out, with high diversity of order and individuals, equivalent to environments with greater soil cover. Invertebrates soil diversity can be better studied and is a good indicator of soil quality.
Keywords: human action; soil management; diversity.
Inflammatory factors and immunoglobulins alterations in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with squalene
Authors: Martirosyan Danik , Ashoori Mohammad Reza , Mikaeili Afsaneh Seyed , Pezeshki Shaghayegh , Serani Anna , Lee Michelle , Mirmiranpour Hossein 
Published: August 2022

Background: Squalene is a 30-carbon (as a polyunsaturated triterpene) compound that has been suggested to have several benefits. In recent years, its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have been studied.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of squalene on different days on the changes in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and antibodies in people with type 2 diabetes and then compare it.Methods: In this study, 4 groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 1 control group were selected. 4 groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into 1 diabetic group without squalene consumption for 84 days and 3 diabetic groups treated with squalene in doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg, respectively for 84 days. The levels of Interleukin-1 alpha, Interleukin-1 beta, Interleukin-4, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and as well as the glucose of all participants were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: On days 14 and 28, a statistically significant difference (P value < 0.05) was observed in the level of Interleukin-1 alpha and Interleukin-4 in groups 3, 4 and 5 compared to group 2. This significant difference in the levels of interleukin-1 beta and immunoglobulin A was observed only on days 56 and 84. No statistically significant difference (P value > 0.05) was observed in the levels of immunoglobulins G, M, and glucose during the consumption of squalene between the groups.Conclusions: According to the time and dose, squalene can be effective in reducing inflammatory factors and increasing immunoglobulin A. However, additional studies are needed for the action mechanism and the effect of squalene.Keywords: squalene, triterpene, interleukin, immunoglobulin, diabetes mellitus
Legal Effectiveness of The Supreme Court Regulation on Sharia Economic Dispute Settlement in West Java Religious Court
Authors: Himayasari Neng Dewi , Anshori Arif Rijal , Maulida Ira Siti Rohmah 
Published: August 2022

Religious Courts are given the authority to settle sharia economic disputes in Article 49 of Act Number 03, 2006 about Religious Courts and has been confirmed by the decision of the Constitutional Court number 93/PUU-X/2012. Implementation the Supreme Court is given attributive authority to fill legal voids because the settlement of sharia economic disputes carried out by the Religious Courts does not yet have a formal law so that there is a legal vacuum. To realize the principle of a simple, fast and low-cost trial, the Supreme Court issues various legal policies, one of which is in the form of a Supreme Court Regulation. This research examines the legal certainty and benefits of the Supreme Court Regulations, as well as measures the effectiveness or not of the Supreme Court Regulations in resolving Sharia economic disputes in court institutions. This type of research is qualitative with an empirical normative approach. The focus of the research that will be examined is the fulfillment of the factors of legal effectiveness against the Supreme Court Regulation on Sharia economic disputes in the religious courts of West Java, these factors are interrelated and are a benchmark for the effectiveness of law enforcement. The urgency of this research is to explain the legal certainty and benefits of the Supreme Court Regulations in realizing and shaping the aspired legal culture.Keyword: Supreme Court Regulation, Legal Effectiveness, Sharia Economic Dispute, Religious Court Abstrak.Pengadilan keagamaan diberikan otoritas untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan ekonomi syariah dalam artikel 49 tindakan nomor 03, 2006 tentang Pengadilan Agama dan telah dikonfirmasi oleh keputusan Pengadilan Konstitusional nomer 93/PUU-X/2012. Implementasi Mahkamah Agung diberikan otoritas atributif untuk mengisi kekosongan hukum karena penyelesaian sengketa syariah dilakukan oleh Pengadilan Agama belum memiliki hukum formal sehingga ada kekosongan hukum. Untuk menyadari prinsip dari sidang sederhana, cepat dan rendah biaya, Mahkamah Agung mengeluarkan berbagai kebijakan hukum, salah satunya dalam bentuk Peraturan Mahkamah Agung. Penelitian ini mencakup kepastian hukum dan manfaat dari Peraturan Mahkamah Agung, serta mengukur efektivitas Pengadilan Tinggi dalam menyelesaikan perselisihan ekonomi syariah di lembaga pengadilan. Jenis penelitian ini kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif. Fokus penelitian yang akan diperiksa adalah pemenuhan dari faktor-faktor legal terhadap Peraturan Pengadilan Tinggi sengketa ekonomi syariah di Pengadilan Agama Jawa Barat, faktor-faktor ini terhubung dan merupakan tolak ukur untuk efektivitas penegakan hukum. Urgensi penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan kepastian hukum dan manfaat dari Peraturan Mahkamah Agung dalam mewujudkan dan membentuk budaya hukum yang diinginkan.Kata Kunci: Regulasi Mahkamah Agung, Efektivitas Legal, Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah, Pengadilan Agama
Islamic Sex Education Program: Transformasi Pendidikan Pesantren Guna Mencegah Terjadinya Kekerasan Seksual di Kalangan Santri
Authors: Alfedo Juan Maulana , Nugraha Xavier , Putri Dita Elvia Kusuma 
Published: August 2022

The phenomenon of sexual violence still occurs even in Islamic boarding schools where the victims are students. This would not be in accordance with the essence of the pesantren, even against the teachings of Islam rahmatan lil'alamin. This article is a legal article with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. In this article, it was found that cases of sexual violence that occurred in the pesantren environment could also be caused by the lack of preventive measures against sexual violence in Islamic boarding schools, for example in the form of sexual education (sex education). Therefore, Islamic boarding schools must transform according to the needs and challenges of the times, one of which is by intensifying sexual education for students in accordance with the values of Islamic teachings. The Islamic Sex Education Program is an effort to prevent sexual violence in Islamic boarding schools through a curriculum that is in accordance with international standards that is packaged in an Islamic way using modern, fun and easy to reach teaching methods for students.Keywords: Islamic Boarding Schools; Islamic Sex Education Program; Sexual Violence to Student at Islamic Boarding Schools. Abstrak Fenomena kekerasan seksual masih terjadi bahkan di lingkungan pesantren dengan korbannya adalah santri. Hal tersebut kiranya tidak sesuai dengan esensi pesantren, bahkan telah bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam rahmatan lil’alamin. Artikel ini merupakan artikel hukum dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Melalui artikel ini, ditemukan bahwa kasus-kasus kekerasan seksual yang terjadi di lingkungan pesantren juga dapat disebabkan karena kurangnya tindakan pencegahan kekerasan seksual di pondok pesantren, misalnya berupa pendidikan seksual (sex education). Oleh karenanya, pesantren harus bertransformasi sesuai kebutuhan dan tantangan zaman, salah satunya dengan mengintensifkan pendidikan seksual (sex education) kepada para santri yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai ajaran agama Islam. Islamic Sex Education Program merupakan upaya pencegahan kekerasan seksual di pesantren melalui kurikulum yang sesuai standar internasional yang dikemas secara islami dengan menggunakan metode pengajaran yang modern, menyenangkan dan mudah untuk dipahami para santri.Kata Kunci: Pesantren; Islamic Sex Education Program; Kekerasan Seksual di Kalangan Santri
Relasi Agama dan Negara Perspektif Muhammad Amien Rais
Authors: Nadliroh Tri Amanatun 
Published: August 2022

The state of Indonesia is a unitary state, with different religions, ethnicities, races, cultures, and customs but still one. However, the discourse on the relationship between religion and the state is a discourse that has never been completed since ancient times even today. Islam and the state are issues of ijtihadiyah. This study aims to identify and understand Muhammad Amien Rais's thoughts regarding the relationship between religion and the state. The research method uses qualitative methods with a literature approach. The results of the study state that the relationship between religion and the state according to Amien Rais is the realization of the teachings of Islam that have been explained in the Shari'a, but still requires a state as the authority holder that implements the law that has been determined and applies to its people. In the view of Islam, the state is the guardian of sharia so that it does not experience distortions and deviations as well as with principles such as good deliberation, justice, democracy, and so on, as long as they do not conflict with the rules of syara' contained therein.Keywords: Relationship; Religion; Country AbstrakNegara Indonesia adalah negara kesatuan, berbeda-beda agama, suku, ras, budaya, dan adat akan tetapi tetap satu. Akan tetapi diskursus tentang relasi agama dan negara adalah suatu wacana yang tidak pernah selesai dari zaman dahulu bahkan sampai saat ini. Agama Islam dan negara merupakan persoalan ijtihadiyah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami pemikiran Muhammad Amien Rais terkait relasi antara agama dan negara. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa relasi antara agama dan negara menurut Amien Rais adalah realisasi ajaran-ajaran agama Islam yang telah dijelaskan dalam syariat, namun tetap membutuhkan suatu negara sebagai pemegang otoritas yang melaksanakan penerapan hukum yang telah ditentukan dan berlaku untuk masyarakatnya. Dalam pandangan agama Islam, negara adalah penjaga syariah supaya tidak mengalami distoris dan penyelewengan serta dengan prinsip-prinsip seperti musyawarah yang baik, keadilan, demokrasi, dan sebagainya, selama tidak bertentangan dengan aturan syara’ yang terkandung didalamnya.Kata Kunci: Relasi; Agama; Negara
Pemisahan Maqashid Syariah dari Ilmu Ushul Fiqh dan Pengaruhnya Pada Penetapan Hukum Islam Kontemporer
Authors: Hambari Hambari , Ayuniyyah Quroh 
Published: August 2022

One of the concerns that exist in the maqashid as-syariah (the aims of the Islamic law) is the relationship between the principles of jurisprudence (ushul al-fiqh) and the objectives of the law disciplines. In this sense, scholars have contested the subject. Some of them consider that the purposes of the Islamic law is a part of the jurisprudence, while the others opine that both of them are independent sciences. This essay aims to investigate the issue by using inductive analytical technique. Among the most noteworthy outcomes reached in this investigation are as follows. First, the Ulama who understood that the purposes of the law is part of the jurisprudence include Imam Shatibi, Sheikh Abdullah ibn Bayyah, and Numan Jaghim. Second, the Ulama who saw the independence of the aims of the law of jurisprudence include Imam Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur, Ahmad al-Raisuni, Ismail Hasani, Muhammad al-Habib Ibn al- Khuja and Jasser Auda. In addition, based on the examination of the two viewpoints, it can be argued that the second position creates space to aid the process of constructing contemporary Islamic law. Other than that there is a note of the need to improve the rules in it so that it does not have a negative influence.Keywords: Separation; Maqashid Syariah; Ushul Fiqh; Contemporary of Islamic Law Abstrak.Salah satu permasalahan yang ada dalam Maqashid Syariah (tujuan-tujuan hukum syariah) adalah terkait hubungan antara ilmu Ushul Fiqh dan ilmu Maqashid Syariah, para ulama telah mendiskusikan masalah tersebut, beberapa dari mereka berpendapat bahwa Maqashid Syariah itu bagian dari ilmu Ushul Fiqh, dan beberapa dari mereka yang percaya bahwa Maqashid Syariah merupakan ilmu mandiri yang terpisah. Oleh karena itu, penulis mencoba mengkaji masalah tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analitik induktif. Di antara hasil yang dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut. Pertama, sebagian Ulama yang melihat bahwa Maqashid Syariah adalah bagian dari Ushul Fiqh beberapa di antaranya adalah Imam Syatibi, Syekh Abdullah bin Bayyah, dan Numan Jaghim. Kedua, para ulama yang melihat kemandirian Maqashid Syariah beberapa di antaranya adalah Imam Muhammad al-Tahir Ibn Ashur, Ahmad al-Raisuni, Ismail Hasani, Muhammad al-Habib Ibnu al-Khuja dan Jasser Audah. Selain itu berdasarkan analisis kedua pendapat tersebut diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa pendapat kedua membuka ruang untuk mempermudah pada proses penetapan hukum Islam kontemporer dan menjadi catatan perlunya untuk mengokohkan aturan di dalamnya sehingga tidak menimbulkan dampak negatif.Kata kunci: Pemisahan; Ilmu Maqashid Syariah; Ilmu Ushul Fiqh; Hukum Islam kontemporer
Strategi Penyelesaian Pembiayaan Bermasalah Pada PT Bank Syariah Indonesia
Authors: Purnama Al Abror Bilqis Aris , Iswandi Irvan 
Published: August 2022

Indonesia is fighting against Covid-19 by modifying several policies, namely the 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN). This policy has an impact on policies in the Islamic banking sector in distributing financing. The purpose of this study is to explain the factors of the emergence of non-performing financing in the world of Islamic banking and the anticipation and efforts made to resolve non-performing financing. This research method is qualitative, with a normative and empiricist approach. The data was obtained through a study of legislation and field observations. The results of the study stated that the number of customers was divided into two categories, namely the light category and the heavy category. Each of these categories will be carried out stages of completion of non-performing financing. These stages are the billing stage, the restructuring stage and the redemption stage. The factors causing non-performing financing at PT Bank Syariah Indonesia are based on internal factors originating from the bank and external originating from the customer.Keywords: Non-performing Financing; Islamic Bank AbstrakIndonesia berjuang melawan Covid-19 dengan memodifikasi beberapa kebijakan yakni Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) 2020-2024. Kebijakan itu berdampak pada kebijakan dalam sektor perbankan syariah dalam menyalurkan pembiayaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor timbulnya pembiayaan bermasalah di dunia perbankan syariah dan antisipasi serta upaya-upaya yang dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan pembiayaan bermasalah. Metode penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dengan pendekatan normatif dan empirisi. Data diperoleh melalui telaah peraturan perundang-undangan dan observasi di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa jumlah nasabah dibagi dalam dua kategori, yakni kategori ringan dan kategori berat. Masing-masing kategori tersebut akan dilakukan tahapan penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah. Tahapan tersebut yakni tahap penagihan, tahap restrukturisasi dan tahap penebusan. Faktor-faktor penyebab pembiayaan bermasalah pada PT Bank Syariah Indonesia berdasarkan faktor internal yang berasal dari pihak bank dan eksternal yang berasal dari pihak nasabah.Kata Kunci: Pembiayaan Bermasalah; Bank Syariah
Studi Fenomenologi Second Language Acquisition Santri Pondok Pesantren Modern Nurussalam Sidogede Oku Timur
Authors: Zulaikah Zulaikah , Kuspiyah Hastuti Retno , Agustina Eka 
Published: August 2022

The development of persons second language was influenced by the way of acquired, either through formal or informal activities. This study discussed the phenomeneon of second language acquisition in the modern Islamic boarding school students of Nurussalam Sidogede, especially in English Acquisition. This study used qualitative approach which described descriptively. Observation and interview were methods used in data collection. The result of this study indicated that second language acquisition at this Islamic boarding school was through increasing vocabularies by providing three words everyday then applied directly into sentences related to the vocabularies that had been given. After that applied in daily communication among Kyai, administrators and students.
Perkembangan bahasa kedua pada seseorang dipengaruhi oleh cara pada tahapan pemerolehannya, baik melalui kegiatan formal maupun informal. Penelitian ini membahas fenomena pemerolehan bahasa kedua pada santri pondok pesantren modern Nurussalam Sidogede khususnya pada pemerolehan bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang dipaparkan secara deskriptif. Observasi dan wawancara adalah metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa second language acquisition di pondok pesantren ini melalui peningkatan vocabulary dengan memberikan tiga kata setiap harinya yang kemudian diaplikasikan langsung ke dalam contoh kalimat yang berhubungan dengan kosa kata yang telah diberikan, kemudian diterapkan dalam daily communication baik antar pengasuh, pengurus, dan sesama santri.
Kasus Ekspor Benih Lobster Pada Berita Online Media Kompas.com (Analisis Wacana Kritis)
Authors: Sofia Yeyen , Salam Salam , Umar Fatmah AR 
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to explain the meaning contained in (1) the structure of the lobster export case on the online news media kompas.com, (2) the superstructure of the lobster seed export case on the online news media kompas.com, (3) the structure of the lobster seed export case on online news media kompas.com. This research uses descriptive method and qualitative research type. The results of this study, the author has presented the substance of the news on lobster seed exports conducted by Edhy Prabowo and his staff. The process of exporting lobster seeds has been going on for a long time, and coincidentally it was not discovered when Edhy Prabowo was a minister at the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP). Thus, the export news of lobster seeds has been well organized based on the macro structure, superstructure, and micro structure.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplanasikan makna yang terkandung di dalam (1) struktur makro kasus ekspor benih lobster pada berita online media kompas.com, (2) superstruktur kasus ekspor benih lobster pada berita online media kompas.com, (3) struktur mikro kasus ekspor benih lobster pada berita online media kompas.com. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini penulis telah mengetengahkan substansi berita ekspor benih lobster yang dilakukan oleh Edhy Prabowo bersama stafnya. Proses ekspor benih lobster telah berlangsung lama, dan kebetulan terungkap ketika Edhy Prabowo menjabat sebagai menteri di Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP). Dengan demikian, berita ekspor benih lobster telah ditata secara apik berdasarkan struktur makro, superstruktur, dan struktur mikro.