bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
For a topology of derivational paradigms
Authors: Melloni Chiara , Dal Maso Serena 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In recent times, paradigmatic approaches to word formation have become increasingly popular, but the very concept of derivational paradigm is still far from being clear and universally accepted: while paradigms are a useful construct for the treatment of inflectional phenomena, less straightforward is their adoption in the realm of derivation, which is characterized by numerous gaps and inconsistencies. The aim of our theoretical contribution is to discuss the representation that morphological entities and derivational relationships receive in paradigmatic approaches, especially those which are gaining popularity in recent developments of the research. Specifically, we will reflect on how word-internal and word-external morphological relationships are explained and modeled in different topological representations, starting from traditional organizations of cells in columns, to three-dimensional arrangements of morphological families, to schematic representations along the lines of the Construction Morphology framework and, finally, to Bybee’s multidimensional networks.
Complex verbs
Authors: Villalva Alina 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Denominal and deadjectival complex verbs form a heterogenous set. They all belong to the coarse-grained class of causative verbs, but they may be obtained by different morphological processes, namely suffixation (code

n
→ codify

v
; laic

adj
→ laicize

v
), conversion (water

n
→ water

v
; dry

adj
→ dry

v
), or parasynthesis (globe

n
→ englobe

v
; rich

adj
→ enrich

v
). The focus of this paper is on the description and comparative analysis of the three processes, based mainly on data from European Portuguese (e.g., planificar

v
‘plan’, jogar

v
‘play’, esburacar

v
‘make a hole’, fragilizar

v
‘fragilize’, secar

v
‘dry’, envelhecer

v
‘grow old’) and English (e.g., codify, play, debug, fragilize, dry, enrich). The analysis will deal with each of these verb-forming processes individually and how they relate with each other.
Holography of the photon ring
Authors: Hadar Shahar , Kapec Daniel , Lupsasca Alexandru , Strominger Andrew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Space-based next-generation interferometers propose to measure the Lyapunov exponents of the nearly bound geodesics that comprise the photon ring surrounding the black hole M87*. We argue that these classical Lyapunov exponents equal the quantum Ruelle resonances describing the late-time approach to thermal equilibrium of the quantum microstate holographically dual to any Kerr black hole such as M87*. Moreover, we identify ‘near-ring regions’ in the phase space of fields propagating on Kerr that exhibit critical behavior, including emergent conformal symmetries. These are analogues for sub-extremal Kerr of the much-studied ‘near-horizon regions’ of (near-)extremal black holes. The emergent conformal symmetries greatly constrain the observational predictions for the fine photon ring substructure around M87* and for quasinormal gravitational-wave ringdowns, as well as any proposal for a quantum holographic dual to the Kerr black hole. More generally, we hope that our identification of several universal features of Kerr spectroscopy provides a useful starting point for a bottom-up approach to holography for astrophysical black holes.
A CMOS compatible thermoelectric device made of crystalline silicon membranes with nanopores
Authors: Bah Thierno-Moussa , Didenko Stanislav , Zhou Di , Zhu Tianqi , Ikzibane Hafsa , Monfray Stephane , Skotnicki Thomas , Dubois Emmanuel , Robillard Jean-François 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Herein, we report the use of nanostructured crystalline silicon as a thermoelectric material and its integration into thermoelectric devices. The proof-of-concept relies on the partial suppression of lattice thermal conduction by introducing pores with dimensions scaling between the electron mean free path and the phonon mean free path. In other words, we artificially aimed at the well-known ‘electron crystal and phonon glass’ trade-off targeted in thermoelectricity. The devices were fabricated using CMOS-compatible processes and exhibited power generation up to 5.5 mW cm−2 under a temperature difference of 280 K. These numbers demonstrate the capability to power autonomous devices with environmental heat sources using silicon chips of centimeter square dimensions. We also report the possibility of using the developed devices for integrated thermoelectric cooling.
Intense laser-generated ion beams propagating in plasmas
Authors: Robinson A P L 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The generation of nuclear reactions using laser-generated proton and ion beams has been investigated for several years by a number of different research teams. Interpreting and understanding these experiments remains a challenge, which suggests that there are phenomena, processes, or effects not considered in the interpretive framework that is usually employed. In this paper, we examine the theoretical case for strong drag heating by the incident ion beam, and the generation of electric fields, which affect the propagation of the ion beam and thus the yield from nuclear reactions. We obtain an analytic metric,

Ξ
h

, for predicting the regime in which the drag heating heats the target so violently that ion–electron drag is suppressed. This compares favourably to ion kinetic hybrid simulations.
How sheath properties change with gas pressure: modeling and simulation
Authors: Beving L P , Hopkins M M , Baalrud S D 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Particle-in-cell simulations are used to study how neutral pressure influences plasma properties at the sheath edge. The high rate of ion–neutral collisions at pressures above several mTorr are found to cause a decrease in the ion velocity at the sheath edge (collisional Bohm criterion), a decrease in the edge-to-center density ratio (h

l
factor), and an increase in the sheath width and sheath potential drop. A comparison with existing analytic models generally indicates favorable agreement, but with some distinctions. One is that models for the h

l
factor need to be made consistent with the collisional Bohm criterion. With this and similar corrections, a comprehensive fluid-based model of the plasma boundary transition is constructed that compares well with the simulation results.
The Hawking-Page-like phase transition from FRW spacetime to McVittie black hole
Authors: Abdusattar Haximjan , Kong Shi-Bei , Yin Yihao , Hu Ya-Peng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamics especially the Hawking-Page-like phase transition of the McVittie space-time. We formulate the first law of thermodynamics for the McVittie black hole, and find that the work density W of the perfect fluid plays the role of the thermodynamic pressure, i.e. P:=-W. We also construct the thermodynamic equation of state for the McVittie black hole. Most importantly, by analysing the Gibbs free energy, we find that the Hawking-Page-like phase transition from FRW spacetime to McVittie black hole is possible in the case P > 0.
Quantitative evaluation of the supercontinuum laser eye dazzling effect: in vivo experimental research
Authors: Ma Qiong , Fan Yingwei , Kang Hongxiang 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
To quantitatively evaluate the dazzling effect of each spectrum band of the supercontinuum laser, we conducted experimental research to explore the safety and dazzling of animal eyes. Under the condition of dark adaptation, the rabbit eyes were irradiated with different power densities and spectral bands by frontal incident mode for 0.25 s, which was repeated ten times. The fundus of the rabbit eyes was examined using an ophthalmoscope, and the upper limit of safe power density was explored. Rabbit eyes were irradiated with different doses of dazzling light for 0.1 s. Visual electrophysiological signals were collected dynamically, and the recovery time of the electroretinogram (ERG)-b wave amplitude of the rabbit eyes was recorded and analyzed after laser irradiation. When the power density was 8.0 mW cm−2 in visible spectrum (vs.), the recovery time of the ERG-b wave in the rabbit eye was 4.11 ± 0.67 s. When the power density was 12.0 mW cm−2 in the full spectrum (FS), the recovery time of the ERG-b wave in the rabbit eye was 4.16 ± 0.55 s. The recovery time of the ERG-b wave was 4.50 ± 0.94 s at a power density of 4.6 mW cm−2 in FS-1 and 3.81 ± 0.11 s at a power density of 5.0 mW cm−2 in the FS-2. When the power density was 628.00 mW cm−2 in infrared spectrum (IS), the recovery time of the ERG-b wave was only 0.84 ± 0.09 s. The reference values for the upper limit of the safe irradiation power density of the supercontinuum laser are set as follows: 25.2 mW cm−2 in vs., 118.4 mW cm−2 in IS and 105.0 mW cm−2 in FS. The vs., FS, FS-1 and FS-2 of the supercontinuum laser had a good dazzling effect on rabbit eyes, and the dazzling effect was enhanced with increasing radiation power density, but the IS had little dazzling effect.
Commissioning of the PADME experiment with a positron beam
Authors: Albicocco P. , Assiro R. , Bossi F. , Branchini P. , Buonomo B. , Capirossi V. , Capitolo E. , Capoccia C. , Caricato A.P. , Ceravolo S. , Chiodini G. , Corradi G. , De Sangro R. , Di Giulio C. , Domenici D. , Ferrarotto F. , Fiore S. , Finocchiaro G. , Foggetta L.G , Frankenthal A. , Garattini M. , Georgiev G. , Giacchino F. , Ghigo A. , Gianotti P. , Gontad F. , Iazzi F. , Ivanov S. , Ivanov Sv. , Kozhuharov V. , Leonardi E. , Long E. , Martini M. , Martino M. , Miccoli A. , Oceano I. , Oliva F. , Organtini G.C. , Pinna F. , Piperno G. , Pinto C. , Raggi M. , Safai Tehrani F. , Saputi A. , Sarra I. , Sciascia B. , Simeonov R. , Spadaro T. , Spagnolo S. , Spiriti E. , Tagnani D. , Tsankov l. , Taruggi C. , Valente P. , Variola A. , Vilucchi E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The PADME experiment is designed to search for a
hypothetical dark photon A'
produced in positron-electron
annihilation using a bunched positron beam at the Beam Test Facility
of the INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati. The expected
sensitivity to the A'
-photon mixing parameter ϵ
is 10-3, for A'
mass ≤ 23.5 MeV/c
2 after
collecting ∼ 1013 positrons-on-target.

This paper presents the PADME detector status after commissioning in
July 2019. In addition, the software algorithms employed to
reconstruct physics objects, such as photons and charged particles,
and the calibration procedures adopted are illustrated in detail.
The results show that the experimental apparatus reaches the design
performance, and is able to identify and measure standard
electromagnetic processes, such as positron bremsstrahlung and
electron-positron annihilation into two photons.
AlphaCAMM, a Micromegas-based camera for high-sensitivity screening of alpha surface contamination
Authors: Altenmüller Konrad , Castel Juan F. , Cebrián Susana , Dafni Theopisti , Díez-Ibáñez David , Galán Javier , Galindo Javier , García Juan Antonio , Irastorza Igor G. , Luzón Gloria , Margalejo Cristina , Mirallas Hector , Obis Luis , de Solórzano Alfonso Ortiz , Pérez Oscar 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Surface contamination of 222Rn progeny from the
238U natural decay chain is one of the most difficult
background contributions to measure in rare event searches
experiments. In this work we propose AlphaCAMM, a gaseous chamber
read with a segmented Micromegas, for the direct measurement of
210Pb surface contamination of flat samples. The detection
concept exploits the readout capabilities of the Micromegas
detectors for the reconstruction of 210Po alpha tracks to
increase the signal-to-background ratio. We report here on the
design and realization of a first 26 × 26 cm2
non-radiopure prototype, with which the detection concept is
demonstrated by the use of a new algorithm for the reconstruction of
alpha tracks. AlphaCAMM aims for minimum detectable 210Pb
activities of 100 nBq cm-2 and sensitivity upper limits
about 60 nBq cm-2 at 95% of C.L., which requires an
intrinsic background level of 5×10-8 alphas cm-2
s-1. We discuss here the prospects to reach these sensitivity
goals with a radiopure AlphaCAMM prototype currently under
construction.
Metapragmatic Knowledge and Transfer of Learning across Speech Acts
Authors: Taguchi Naoko , Chen Ying , Qin Yuqing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis study explored the relationship between metapragmatic knowledge and transfer of learning from one speech act to another. Using a digital application, 105 Chinese learners of English received implicit instruction on how to formulate a high-imposition request to someone in a higher social status and larger social distance. Immediately after the instruction, they reported what they thought they learned or noticed during the instruction, which served as an indication of their metapragmatic knowledge. After this, they completed immediate and delayed post-tests that assessed their knowledge of the instructed speech act (request-making) as well as their knowledge of the uninstructed speech act, advice-giving (transfer item). Results showed that the participants made significant gains in their productive knowledge of both speech acts after the instruction. The participants’ metapragmatic knowledge significantly correlated with their test performance for both speech acts. These findings indicate that transfer of learning from one speech act to another can occur after instruction. The findings also support that metapragmatic knowledge established during instruction is related to the transfer.
Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess
Authors: Bodilsen Jacob , Duerlund Lærke Storgaard , Mariager Theis , Brandt Christian Thomas , Petersen Pelle Trier , Larsen Lykke , Hansen Birgitte Rønde , Omland Lars Haukali , Tetens Malte Mose , Wiese Lothar , Jørgensen Rasmus Langelund , Leth Steffen , Nielsen Henrik ,   the DASGIB study group, Storgaard Merete , Larsen Lykke , Hansen Birgitte Rønde , Andersen Christian Østergaard , Wiese Lothar , Brandt Christian Thomas , Helweg-Larsen Jannik , von Lüttichau Hans Rudolf , Nielsen Henrik , Bodilsen Jacob 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Studies on brain abscess are hampered by single-centre design with limited sample size and incomplete follow-up. Thus, robust analyses on clinical prognostic factors remain scarce.
This Danish nationwide, population-based cohort study included clinical details of all adults (≥18 years) diagnosed with brain abscess in the Danish National Patient Registry from 2007 through 2014 and the prospective clinical database of the Danish Study Group of Infections of the Brain covering all Danish departments of infectious diseases from 2015 through 2020. All patients were followed for 6 months after discharge. Prognostic factors for mortality at 6 months after discharge were examined by adjusted modified Poisson regression to compute relative risks with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Among 485 identified cases, the median age was 59 years [interquartile range (IQR 48–67)] and 167 (34%) were female. The incidence of brain abscess increased from 0.4 in 2007 to 0.8 per 100 000 adults in 2020. Immuno-compromise was prevalent in 192/485 (40%) and the clinical presentation was predominated by neurological deficits 396/485 (82%), headache 270/411 (66%), and fever 208/382 (54%). The median time from admission until first brain imaging was 4.8 h (IQR 1.4–27). Underlying conditions included dental infections 91/485 (19%) and ear, nose and throat infections 67/485 (14%), and the most frequent pathogens were oral cavity bacteria (59%), Staphylococcus aureus (6%), and Enterobacteriaceae (3%). Neurosurgical interventions comprised aspiration 356/485 (73%) or excision 7/485 (1%) and was preceded by antibiotics in 377/459 (82%). Fatal outcome increased from 29/485 (6%) at discharge to 56/485 (12%) 6 months thereafter. Adjusted relative risks for mortality at 6 months after discharge was 3.48 (95% CI 1.92–6.34) for intraventricular rupture, 2.84 (95% CI 1.45–5.56) for immunocompromise, 2.18 (95% CI 1.21–3.91) for age &gt;65 years, 1.81 (95% CI 1.00–3.28) for abscess diameter &gt;3 cm, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.16–0.61) for oral cavity bacteria as causative pathogen. Sex, neurosurgical treatment, antibiotics before neurosurgery, and corticosteroids were not associated with mortality.
This study suggests that prevention of rupture of brain abscess is crucial. Yet, antibiotics may be withheld until neurosurgery, if planned within a reasonable time period (e.g. 24 h), in some clinically stable patients. Adjunctive corticosteroids for symptomatic perifocal brain oedema was not associated with increased mortality.
Effect of empagliflozin on circulating proteomics in heart failure: mechanistic insights into the EMPEROR programme
Authors: Zannad Faiez , Ferreira João Pedro , Butler Javed , Filippatos Gerasimos , Januzzi James L , Sumin Mikhail , Zwick Matthias , Saadati Maral , Pocock Stuart J , Sattar Naveed , Anker Stefan D , Packer Milton 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve cardiovascular outcomes in diverse patient populations, but their mechanism of action requires further study. The aim is to explore the effect of empagliflozin on the circulating levels of intracellular proteins in patients with heart failure, using large-scale proteomics.

Methods and results
Over 1250 circulating proteins were measured at baseline, Week 12, and Week 52 in 1134 patients from EMPEROR-Reduced and EMPEROR-Preserved, using the Olink® Explore 1536 platform. Statistical and bioinformatical analyses identified differentially expressed proteins (empagliflozin vs. placebo), which were then linked to demonstrated biological actions in the heart and kidneys. At Week 12, 32 of 1283 proteins fulfilled our threshold for being differentially expressed, i.e. their levels were changed by ≥10% with a false discovery rate &lt;1% (empagliflozin vs. placebo). Among these, nine proteins demonstrated the largest treatment effect of empagliflozin: insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1, transferrin receptor protein 1, carbonic anhydrase 2, erythropoietin, protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, thymosin beta-10, U-type mitochondrial creatine kinase, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4, and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 4. The changes of the proteins from baseline to Week 52 were generally concordant with the changes from the baseline to Week 12, except empagliflozin reduced levels of kidney injury molecule-1 by ≥10% at Week 52, but not at Week 12. The most common biological action of differentially expressed proteins appeared to be the promotion of autophagic flux in the heart, kidney or endothelium, a feature of 6 proteins. Other effects of differentially expressed proteins on the heart included the reduction of oxidative stress, inhibition of inflammation and fibrosis, and the enhancement of mitochondrial health and energy, repair, and regenerative capacity. The actions of differentially expressed proteins in the kidney involved promotion of autophagy, integrity and regeneration, suppression of renal inflammation and fibrosis, and modulation of renal tubular sodium reabsorption.

Conclusions
Changes in circulating protein levels in patients with heart failure are consistent with the findings of experimental studies that have shown that the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors are likely related to actions on the heart and kidney to promote autophagic flux, nutrient deprivation signalling and transmembrane sodium transport.
‘Replace uncertainty with information’: shared decision-making and decision quality surrounding catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Reading Turchioe Meghan , Mangal Sabrina , Ancker Jessica S , Gwyn Jaslynn , Varosy Paul , Slotwiner David 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Aims
As a first step in developing a decision aid to support shared decision-making (SDM) for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) to evaluate treatment options for rhythm and symptom control, we aimed to measure decision quality and describe decision-making processes among patients and clinicians involved in decision-making around catheter ablation for AF.

Methods and results
We conducted a cross-sectional, mixed-methods study guided by an SDM model outlining decision antecedents, processes, and outcomes. Patients and clinicians completed semi-structured interviews about decision-making around ablation, feelings of decision conflict and regret, and preferences for the content, delivery, and format of a hypothetical decision aid for ablation. Patients also completed surveys about AF symptoms and aspects of decision quality. Fifteen patients (mean age 71.1 ± 8.6 years; 27% female) and five clinicians were recruited. For most patients, decisional conflict and regret were low, but they also reported low levels of information and agency in the decision-making process. Most clinicians report routinely providing patients with information and encouraging engagement during consultations. Patients reported preferences for an interactive, web-based decision aid that clearly presents evidence regarding outcomes using data, visualizations, videos, and personalized risk assessments, and is available in multiple languages.

Conclusion
Disconnects between clinician efforts to provide information and bolster agency and patient experiences of decision-making suggest decision aids may be needed to improve decision quality in practice. Reported experiences with current decision-making practices and preferences for decision aid content, format, and delivery can support the user-centred design and development of a decision aid.
Human gut bifidobacteria inhibit the growth of the opportunistic fungal pathogenCandida albicans
Authors: Ricci Liviana , Mackie Joanna , Donachie Gillian E , Chapuis Ambre , Mezerová Kristýna , Lenardon Megan D , Brown Alistair J P , Duncan Sylvia H , Walker Alan W 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe human gut microbiota protects the host from invading pathogens and the overgrowth of indigenous opportunistic species via a process called colonization resistance. Here, we investigated the antagonistic activity of human gut bacteria towards Candida albicans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen that can cause severe infections in susceptible individuals. Coculture batch incubations of C. albicans in the presence of faecal microbiota from six healthy individuals revealed varying levels of inhibitory activity against C. albicans. 16S rRNA gene amplicon profiling of these faecal coculture bacterial communities showed that the Bifidobacteriaceae family, and Bifidobacterium adolescentis in particular, were most correlated with antagonistic activity against C. albicans. Follow-up mechanistic studies performed under anaerobic conditions confirmed that culture supernatants of Bifidobacterium species, particularly B. adolescentis, inhibited C. albicans in vitro. Fermentation acids (FA), including acetate and lactate, present in the bifidobacterial supernatants were important contributors to inhibitory activity. However, increasing the pH of both bacterial supernatants and mixtures of FA reduced their anti-Candida effects, indicating a combinatorial effect of prevailing pH and FA. This work, therefore, demonstrates potential mechanisms underpinning gut microbiome-mediated colonization resistance against C. albicans, and identifies particularly inhibitory components such as bifidobacteria and FA as targets for further study.