bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simulation analysis of reactive power compensation with hybrid compensator in shunt compensated system
Authors: Joshi Minesh K , Patel R R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Distributed Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (D-FACTS) devices are widely utilized in distribution networks to afford reactive power compensation and enhance voltage stability. These systems often encounter a combination of linear and nonlinear loads, which give rise to common power quality challenges such as voltage sags, swells, and total harmonic distortion (THD) in grid-connected environments. Addressing these issues is a critical aspect of the proposed hybrid compensator control strategy’s initial modeling and performance evaluation. The hybrid compensator integrates a Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) with a Thyristor Switched Capacitor-Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TSC-TCR) to efficiently manage reactive power under diverse loading scenarios. A proportional-integral (PI) controller is employed to regulate the DC link voltage, with its gains optimally tuned using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The PSO approach optimizes controller parameters, minimizes power quality disturbances, and ensures effective reactive power compensation. MATLAB simulation results confirm the efficacy and robustness of the proposed hybrid control strategy, showcasing its ability to stabilize voltage profiles and significantly reduce THD across varying load conditions in distribution systems.
A Problem of Values
Authors: Derrig Ríán 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter uses archival sources to develop an intellectual biography of Myres McDougal’s life and career before he met Harold Lasswell in 1935 and began to develop their ‘policy-oriented jurisprudence’. It recounts formative experiences of McDougal’s early life in rural Mississippi, juxtaposing the cultural and political life of this context, including segregation, against the later urban progressivism that shaped McDougal’s early scholarship as a New Deal property lawyer. The chapter follows McDougal’s graduate studies at the University of Oxford and his first contact with the American legal realist movement of the 1920s. It places McDougal’s scholarship in a tradition of legal thought deeply shaped by philosophical pragmatism of which legal realism was a part. McDougal’s 1930s work in modernist urban planning is examined. The chapter argues that his New Deal property law scholarship shaped McDougal’s later international law scholarship in significant ways.
Intention and Prediction in Means–End Reasoning
Authors: White Stephen J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
How, if at all, does one’s intention to realize an end bear on the justification for taking the means to that end? Theories which allow that intending an end directly provides a reason to take the means are subject to a well-known “bootstrapping” objection. On the other hand, “anti-psychologistic” accounts—which seek to derive instrumental reasons directly from the reasons that support adopting the end itself—have unacceptable implications where an agent faces multiple rationally permissible options. White considers and rejects an alternative, predictive, role for intention in means–end reasoning. He then develops a new proposal, according to which instrumental reasons are not merely reasons to perform an act necessary for a given end, but to perform the act for the sake of that end.
How Can Beliefs Wrong?—A Strawsonian Epistemology
Authors: White Stephen J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We take a tremendous interest in how other people think of us. We have certain expectations of others, concerning how we are to figure in their thought and judgment. And we often feel wronged if those are disappointed. But it is puzzling how others’ beliefs could wrong us. On the one hand, moral considerations don’t bear on the truth of a belief and so seem to be the wrong kind of reasons for belief. On the other hand, truth-directed considerations seem to render moral considerations redundant. In this paper, we argue that to understand the possibility of doxastic wronging, we need to understand beliefs, no less than actions, as ways of relating to one another. In particular, how we take account of what others think and say will depend on whether we take up what P.F. Strawson calls the participant stance toward them. We show how this helps to make sense of an example Miranda Fricker identifies as a case of epistemic injustice. We then use the example to spell out the ethical significance of Tyler Burge’s idea that we have a default entitlement to accept at face value what we receive from a rational source.
Austria
Authors: Proctor Tammy M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the spring of 1919, out of deep concern over the possibility of revolution, U.S. Food Administrator Herbert Hoover urged multinational agreements that would feed the hungry in Europe, particularly children. He argued that involvement of the United States in the rebuilding and provisioning of Europe was vital to trade and political prestige in postwar Europe. For the United States, these schemes reached their apex between 1919 and 1924 in the American Relief Administration (ARA) and its successor, the ARA European Children’s Fund. Congress appropriated $100 million to bring aid to non-enemy European countries during the six months prior to the Armistice. Later in 1919, Hoover successfully argued that even former enemy children should be fed, but with private funds and loans. Austria, the public and international face of child hunger in Europe after the war, became a testing ground for saving children and creating standardized “best practices” in foreign aid.
Germany
Authors: Proctor Tammy M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Germany represented a pivotal point, as U.S. aid to Germany faced criticism from ordinary Americans unwilling to help their former enemy. U.S. officials saw multiple benefits in an ambitious program for alleviating German distress using the religious pacifist group, the Quakers, to dispense the food, and thought that German Americans might be mobilized to support friends and families with care packages. Also high-level political concerns about U.S. access to postwar markets, Americanization at home, and the threat of socialism competed with genuine concern about healing the wounds of war and saving a generation of children from poor health. The German relief units sponsored under American auspices found themselves straddling these potent political and ethical tensions. Yet, despite considerable public reluctance in the United States for German reconstruction and aid, the Quaker Feeding began on February 26, 1920, and it fed millions of children in Germany over nearly five years.
Intersectional Solidarity
Authors: Crowder Chaya Y 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This project is concerned with the circumstances under which people come to support issues that affect Black women. In particular, Intersectional Solidarity challenges the notion that racial consciousness or gender consciousness alone shape political preferences and instead argues that when it comes to issues that affect marginalized groups at the intersection of multiple identities, intersectional group consciousness shapes political behavior. This book defines intersectional solidarity as a political disposition that is characterized by awareness and distress over the oppression of marginalized subgroups, such as Black women and LGBTQ+ people of color. The central contribution of this book is the development of original measure: the intersectional solidarity index (ISI). The ISI is a four-item scale that captures group consciousness at the intersection of race, gender, class, and sexuality. By measuring intersectional solidarity, we are better able to understand the types of people who support addressing issues that disproportionately and directly affect Black women. Finally, Intersectional Solidarity focuses on how intersectional solidarity influences support for issues that affect Black women. The book expands the types of policies examined by exploring intersectional issues, such as the circumstances under which the mass public support the Maternal CARE Act, a policy that addresses the racial disparity in maternal healthcare, as well as Equal Pay Certification, which is a policy that addresses the race/gender pay gap. Intersectional Solidarity demonstrates that to fully understand how people come to care about issues that affect Black women, scholars are required to ask new questions.
On Privacy and Technology
Authors: Solove Daniel J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
How is technology changing privacy? Are we doomed? Is there anything we can do? “Privacy is dead!” This cry has rung out again and again as we have witnessed the rapid rise of new digital technologies. Are we destined to watch helplessly as technology turns our society into a terrible blend of Franz Kafka’s The Trial, George Orwell’s 1984, Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, and Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale? Can anything be done to save us from a dystopian world without privacy? In this short and accessible book, internationally renowned privacy expert Professor Daniel J. Solove reflects on his examination of privacy over the past twenty-five years. On Privacy and Technology describes the profound changes technology is wreaking upon privacy, why these changes matter, and what can be done about them. Solove’s lively discussions of technology and policy, infused with the humanities, argue that the law should focus on power and structure and that it is failing because it is not holding creators and users of technology accountable for the harms they create. Solove deftly weaves together philosophical ideas with concrete practical knowledge from his many years of working with technology companies and talking with policymakers. His book is an essential primer for anyone who wants to understand the threats to privacy in today’s Digital Age and how we can face them effectively. Succinct, understandable, and engaging, On Privacy and Technology is beautifully written, passionate, and filled with surprising insights.
Transforming Learning and Transforming Society
Authors: Xiang Xin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Addressing the deep-rooted and complex educational inequalities set forth in the previous chapters will require systemic changes that are far more extensive than technical bandages like installing screens and offering broadcasting programs in struggling schools. If we are at all serious about educational equity and justice, we need to thoroughly transform not only school systems but also the political, economic, and social institutions that they are embedded in. In Chapter 7, Transforming Learning and Transforming Society, the author argues that we can start this process by wrestling with two key questions collectively: whose knowledge and contribution counts, and what good schools look like.
Imposed Secession
Authors: Kudelia Serhiy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter identifies the key elements of Russia’s “secessionist template,” which was first introduced in Crimea and was later adopted in Donbas. Its objective was to organize pro-Russian mobilization among locals under separatist slogans, which could then serve as a cover for the Russian armed intervention in these two regions. The chapter traces the continuity in tactics and the actors that used them from the annexation of Crimea to the onset of the armed uprising in Donbas. It also details the exact roles played by Russian agents at the start of the armed insurgency in Donbas and reveals other forms of Russian support for the insurgency, such as covert provision of arms, military training of local militants, coordination of attacks on government buildings by its proxy forces, and administering the new separatist entities.
Prime Ministers in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Grotz Florian , Berz Jan , Kroeber Corinna , Kukec Marko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Prime ministers in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) are widely believed to be weak because they lack political experience and operate under extraordinarily difficult conditions. However, the literature on the personalization of politics challenges this view on the grounds that there are some exceptionally strong leaders in the region. This introductory chapter outlines how the book examines these different claims. It does so by reviewing existing approaches to highlight the main research gaps, providing a preview of a systematic concept of prime-ministerial performance and related theoretical arguments, and introducing an original dataset covering 131 prime-ministerial cabinets in eleven CEE countries from 1990 to 2018. Moreover, the chapter provides an overview of the key findings of the book’s empirical chapters.
Contextual Conditions
Authors: Grotz Florian , Berz Jan , Kroeber Corinna , Kukec Marko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter explores the context in which prime ministers (PMs) in Central and Eastern Europe exercise their office. Given that post-communist PMs have had to grapple with the historical legacies of communism and the simultaneous political and economic transformation, it is widely believed that they operate under exceptionally difficult circumstances. To examine this proposition, the chapter develops an analytical framework that captures the key contextual conditions for prime-ministerial agency in post-communist democracies in three dimensions and sixteen related factors. The empirical analysis of 131 prime-ministerial cabinets reveals that complexity in the institutional, political, and economic contexts across countries and over time is not uniformly high; instead, there are specific combinations of more favourable and less favourable conditions for prime-ministerial agency. At the same time, the findings suggest that some contextual factors may be more relevant than others in explaining PMs’ varying performance. This warrants a systematic analysis of related effects, which is carried out in Chapter 8.
Defining Prime-Ministerial Performance
Authors: Grotz Florian , Berz Jan , Kroeber Corinna , Kukec Marko 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter presents the concept of prime-ministerial performance used in the empirical investigation. While the extant literature has employed various criteria to assess the performance of prime ministers (PMs), the present analysis systematically subsumes them under a unified concept centring on the tasks PMs ought to perform in parliamentary democracies. As an agent of the parliamentary majority, the PM is responsible for running state affairs. PMs’ tasks include settling cabinet conflicts, shaping government policies, managing exogenous crises, and securing the national interest at international level. They are also politically accountable to the parliamentary majority and depend on their own party. They hence have to secure the support of these two principals. As this theoretically grounded concept encompasses the prime-ministerial tasks essential for any parliamentary democracy, it overcomes one of the main barriers to studying prime-ministerial performance in Central and Eastern Europe during the first three decades after democratic transition.
The GLOB-cAGE Consortium: A Global Cardiovascular Collaborative Network of Older Adults with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Wong Jie Jun , Tse Gary , Vu Huyen Thi Thanh , Nguyen Huong Thi Thu , Lin Shuanglan , Tu Qiang , Yanhong Dong , Garcia-Zamora Sebastian , Gómez-Mesa Juan Esteban , Banach Maciej , Sze Shirley , Tan Ru-San , Liang Zhong , Koh Angela S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background: GLOB-cAGE is a newly established unprecedented consortium that brings together cohorts of older persons with cardiovascular disease worldwide. GLOB-cAGE aims to harmonize non-identifiable data from longitudinal cohorts examining cardiovascular health and cardiovascular disease diagnosis and management in older individuals to perform meta-regression analyses using combined repositories of standardized subject-level data points.
Methods and Design: Studies registered into GLOB-cAGE are population-based longitudinal cohort studies or clinical trials, either ongoing or completed, that involve assessing cardiovascular health as a central objective. Cross-sectional studies that significantly contribute to cardiovascular research in older individuals may also be included. The GLOB-cAGE will consist of individuals already diagnosed with cardiovascular disease and primary prevention of individuals at different risks of cardiovascular disease. The studies should have a minimum sample size of 100 participants, and the participants are either adults aged above 65 years or above 40 years with longitudinal follow-up over the next few decades. Enrollment in GLOB-cAGE may involve collaboration on non-identifiable or anonymized raw or processed data for joint analyses. Sites unable to provide raw or processed data due to institutional or other reasons may participate in alternative ways, including performing separate analyses in-house. At the time of writing, there are at least ten participating teams from nine countries and 27 studies enrolled in GLOB-cAGE.
Conclusions: The GLOB-cAGE consortium is an international effort to bring together cardiovascular disease research in older persons, focusing on providing greater representation from diverse countries battling population aging. It addresses the evidence gaps from the insufficient enrolment of older individuals in randomized controlled trials and permits investigators to conduct high-quality epidemiological studies.
GOPhage: protein function annotation for bacteriophages by integrating the genomic context
Authors: Guan Jiaojiao , Ji Yongxin , Peng Cheng , Zou Wei , Tang Xubo , Shang Jiayu , Sun Yanni 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses that target bacteria, playing a crucial role in microbial ecology. Phage proteins are important in understanding phage biology, such as virus infection, replication, and evolution. Although a large number of new phages have been identified via metagenomic sequencing, many of them have limited protein function annotation. Accurate function annotation of phage proteins presents several challenges, including their inherent diversity and the scarcity of annotated ones. Existing tools have yet to fully leverage the unique properties of phages in annotating protein functions. In this work, we propose a new protein function annotation tool for phages by leveraging the modular genomic structure of phage genomes. By employing embeddings from the latest protein foundation models and Transformer to capture contextual information between proteins in phage genomes, GOPhage surpasses state-of-the-art methods in annotating diverged proteins and proteins with uncommon functions by 6.78% and 13.05% improvement, respectively. GOPhage can annotate proteins lacking homology search results, which is critical for characterizing the rapidly accumulating phage genomes. We demonstrate the utility of GOPhage by identifying 688 potential holins in phages, which exhibit high structural conservation with known holins. The results show the potential of GOPhage to extend our understanding of newly discovered phages.
Region-specific roles of oviductal motile cilia in oocyte/embryo transport and fertility
Authors: Scully Deirdre M , Xia Tian , Musina Guzel R , McCown Michaela A , Umezu Kohei , Kircher Bonnie K , Behringer Richard R , Larina Irina V 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The physiological and clinical importance of motile cilia in reproduction is well recognized; however, the specific role they play in transport through the oviduct and how ciliopathies lead to subfertility and infertility are still unclear. The contribution of cilia beating, fluid flow, and smooth muscle contraction to overall progressive transport within the oviduct remains under debate. Therefore, we investigated the role of cilia in the oviduct transport of preimplantation eggs/embryos using a combination of genetic and advanced imaging approaches. We show that the region of the oviduct where cumulus–oocyte complex circling occurs, around the time of fertilization, is correlated with asymmetrical mucosal fold arrangement and non-radially distributed ciliated epithelium. Our results suggest that motile cilia, as well as mucosal fold asymmetry, may contribute to the local flow fields that help steer luminal contents away from the epithelial walls. We also present, in vivo, volumetric evidence of delayed egg transport in a genetic mouse model with disrupted motile cilia function in the female reproductive system. Females with Dnah5 deleted in the oviduct epithelium are subfertile and demonstrate disrupted motile cilia activity within the oviduct mucosa. Fifty percent of Dnah5 mutant females have delayed egg transport where cumulus–oocyte complexes did not progress to the ampulla at the expected time point and remained within the ovarian bursa. The integration of advanced imaging with genetic dysfunction of motile cilia provides valuable insights into oviductal transport. Potentially, these data could be valuable for better understanding and management of tubal pathologies and human infertility.
Effects of vent position and numbers on hydrogen explosion dynamic characteristics
Authors: Sun Han , Yang Guogang , Sheng Zhonghua , Xu Zhuangzhuang , Yang Xiaoxing , Ji Shengzheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hydrogen energy has been widely used in various industrial processes. However, hydrogen explosion can cause significant loss of personnel and property, and explosion venting is an effective method to reduce the explosion damage. The mechanism of hydrogen explosion venting has become an important research topic in hydrogen energy safety engineering. This study employs numerical simulation to explore the impact of vent parameters on the hydrogen-air explosion dynamics. A geometric model considering internal and external explosion is established. Results show that venting efficiency improves as the vent is positioned closer to the ignition or the number of vents increases. The peak internal overpressure increases by 1.2 times as the single vent moves from the ignition to near the end. The external explosion overpressure and dynamic pressure grows with the decrease of internal explosion venting efficiency. The flame front deflects toward the vent and ejects from the duct under the suction effect of the vent. The vortex flow characteristics near the vent cause the flame to deform as it propagates downstream. Vents located closer to the ignition induce the formation of a reverse flow field and lead to reverse propagation of the flame. The formation of symmetrical vortex regions within the flame causes it to compress, resulting in a longer external flame length as the vent is located farther from the ignition. The maximum flame speed increases by 1.1 times as the single vent moves from the ignition to near the end. Multiple flame propagation speed are exhibited under multiple vents conditions.