bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentally determining the incompatibility of two qubit measurements
Authors: Smirne Andrea , Cialdi Simone , Cipriani Daniele , Carmeli Claudio , Toigo Alessandro , Vacchini Bassano 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We describe and realize an experimental procedure for assessing the incompatibility of two qubit measurements. The experiment consists in a state discrimination task where either measurement is used according to some partial intermediate information. The success statistics of the task provides an upper bound for the amount of incompatibility of the two measurements, as it is quantified by means of their incompatibility robustness. For a broad class of unbiased and possibly noisy qubit measurements, one can make this upper bound coincide with the true value of the robustness by suitably tuning the preparation of the experiment. We demonstrate this fact in an optical setup, where the qubit states are encoded into the photons’ polarization degrees of freedom, and incompatibility is directly accessed by virtue of a refined control on the amplitude, phase and purity of the final projection stage of the measurements. Our work thus establishes the practical feasibility of a recently proposed method for the detection of quantum incompatibility.
Enhancing Molecular and Cytogenetic Fellow Education With an Integrative Hematopathology/Molecular Genetic Pathology Joint Conference
Authors: Tashkandi Hammad , Verdoni Angela , West MaryAnn , Yatsenko Svetlana , Swerdlow Steven H , Aggarwal Nidhi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To overcome the challenges associated with molecular and cytogenetic (MG) education in hematopathology (HP), a monthly joint HP/MG conference with specific curricular goals was established and evaluated by the participants.

Methods
All cases from the HP/MG conference over 56 months were reviewed. To assess the educational impact, a survey was distributed to current/former HP/molecular genetic pathology fellows and faculty.

Results
During the study period, a total of 252 cases covering MG testing considered important for HP fellowship training were presented. The 100 most recent cases since 2018 discussed findings of diagnostic (85%), prognostic (40%), or therapeutic (10%) importance. A broad range of technologies were discussed such as karyotyping, cytogenetic fluorescence in situ hybridization studies, microarrays, polymerase chain reaction–based tests, next-generation sequencing, and Sanger sequencing. Twenty-three (95.8%) of 24 survey respondents agreed that the conference achieved all of its goals, and all agreed it was worth implementing.

Conclusions
This educationally based HP/MG conference supplements existing rotations, didactic presentations, and consensus case conferences and enhances MG education in HP without excessive time commitment or need for extensive in-house MG testing. It also contributes to enhancing HP knowledge among the MG faculty and fellows.
What Has the Pandemic Revealed about the Shortcomings of Modern Epidemiology? What Can We Fix or Do Better?
Authors: Dimitris Michelle C , Galea Sandro , Marcus Julia L , Pan An , Sander Beate , Platt Robert W 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this commentary, we discuss themes that emerged from our symposium about what modern epidemiology as a science may learn from the COVID-19 pandemic. We reflect on the successes and limitations of this discipline from multiple perspectives, including from junior and senior epidemiologists and scientists on the front lines of generating evidence for the COVID-19 pandemic response in Wuhan, China, to Ontario, Canada. These themes include the role of the traditional scientific process in a public health emergency; epidemiologic methods and data that are critical for an effective pandemic response; the interventions that epidemiologists recommended and interventions that we may explore in the future; inequitable impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic contrasted with homogeneity in the epidemiologist workforce; effective and honest communication of uncertainty; trust and collaboration; and the extent to which these themes are currently reflected in our training programs and discipline. We look forward to insights from field epidemiologists directly involved in the ongoing response to the COVID-19 pandemic and further reflection from epidemiologists throughout our discipline.
What is the Price of Conservation? A Review of the Status Quo and Recommendations for Improving Cost Reporting
Authors: White Thomas B , Petrovan Silviu O , Christie Alec P , Martin Philip A , Sutherland William J 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWildlife conservation is severely limited by funding. Therefore, to maximize biodiversity outcomes, assessing financial costs of interventions is as important as assessing effectiveness. We reviewed the reporting of costs in studies testing the effectiveness of conservation interventions: 13.3% of the studies provided numeric costs, and 8.8% reported total costs. Even fewer studies broke down these totals into constituent costs, making it difficult to assess the relevance of costs to different contexts. Cost reporting differed between continents and the taxa or habitats targeted by interventions, with higher cost reporting in parts of the Global South. A further analysis of data focused on mammals identified that interventions related to agriculture, invasive species, transport, and residential development reported costs more frequently. We identify opportunities for conservationists to improve future practice through encouraging systematic reporting and collation of intervention costs, using economic evaluation tools, and increasing understanding and skills in finance and economics.
Now with the possibility of parole: Enabling a juvenile lifer’s meaningful review
Authors: Kokkalera Stuti S , Singer Simon I 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Parole is one of the least visible decision-making processes in the criminal justice system. We consider decision statements that support or reject release as symbolic of organizational concerns beyond the candidate’s individual attributes. To draw out the symbolic, we focus on decision statements issued to 33 juvenile lifers previously ineligible for parole. We find that what is meaningful to a parole board is highly selective, and there is no generalized presumption of mitigated culpability and capacity for rehabilitation. Rather release is justified based on childhood abuse, peer dependency and a redemptive self. In contrast, denying narratives selectively highlight the seriousness of the sentencing offence by focusing on the ‘horrific,’ and the retributive requirement for more time to be served.
Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Versus Continuing a Tenofovir Alafenamide–Based 3- or 4-Drug Regimen for Maintenance of Virologic Suppression in Adults Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1: Results Through Week 144 From the Phase 3, Noninferiority TANGO Randomized Trial
Authors: Osiyemi Olayemi , De Wit Stéphane , Ajana Faïza , Bisshop Fiona , Portilla Joaquín , Routy Jean Pierre , Wyen Christoph , Ait-Khaled Mounir , Leone Peter , Pappa Keith A , Wang Ruolan , Wright Jonathan , George Nisha , Wynne Brian , Aboud Michael , van Wyk Jean , Smith Kimberly Y 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
Switching to dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) was noninferior to continuing tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)–based regimens for maintaining virologic suppression at week 48 of the TANGO study. Here we present week 144 outcomes (efficacy, safety, weight, and biomarkers).

Methods
TANGO is a randomized (1:1, stratified by baseline third agent class), open-label, noninferiority phase 3 study. Virologically suppressed (&gt;6 months) adults with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) switched to once-daily DTG/3TC or continued TAF-based regimens.

Results
A total of 741 participants received study treatment (DTG/3TC, n = 369; TAF-based regimen, n = 372). At week 144, the proportion of participants with an HIV-1 RNA level ≥50 copies/mL (primary end point, Snapshot; intention-to-treat–exposed population) after switching to DTG/3TC was 0.3% (1 of 369) versus 1.3% (5 of 372) for those continuing TAF-based regimens, demonstrating noninferiority (adjusted treatment difference, −1.1 [95% confidence interval, −2.4 to .2), with DTG/3TC favored in the per-protocol analysis (adjusted treatment difference, −1.1 [−2.3 to −.0]; P = .04). Few participants met confirmed virologic withdrawal criteria (none in the DTG/3TC and 3 in the TAF-based regimen group), with no resistance observed. Drug-related adverse events were more frequent with DTG/3TC (15%; leading to discontinuation in 4%) than TAF-based regimens (5%; leading to discontinuation in 1%) through week 144, but rates were comparable after week 48 (4%; leading to discontinuation in 1% in both groups). Changes from baseline in lipid values generally favored DTG/3TC; no clinical impact on renal function and comparable changes in inflammatory and bone biomarkers across groups were observed.

Conclusions
Switching to DTG/3TC demonstrated noninferior and durable efficacy compared with continuing TAF-based regimens in treatment-experienced adults with HIV-1, with good safety and tolerability, and no resistance through 144 weeks.
The Digital Classroom: How to Leverage Social Media for Infectious Diseases Education
Authors: Nematollahi Saman , Minter Daniel J , Barlow Brooke , Nolan Nathanial S , Spicer Jennifer O , Wooten Darcy , Cortes-Penfield Nicolas , Barlow Ashley , Chavez Miguel A , McCarty Todd , Abdoler Emily , Escota Gerome V 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Social media (SoMe) platforms have been increasingly used by infectious diseases (ID) learners and educators in recent years. This trend has only accelerated with the changes brought to our educational spaces by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Given the increasingly diverse SoMe landscape, educators may find themselves struggling with how to effectively use these tools. In this Viewpoint we describe how to use SoMe platforms (e.g., Twitter, podcasts, and open-access online content portals) in medical education, highlight medical education theories supporting their use, and discuss how educators can engage with these learning tools effectively. We focus on how these platforms harness key principles of adult learning and provide a guide for educators in the effective use of SoMe tools in educating ID learners. Finally, we suggest how to effectively interact with and leverage these increasingly important digital platforms.
Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of perioperative interventions in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: the randomized controlled I-COPE trial
Authors: Sadlonova Monika , Nagel Jonas , Becker Svenja , Neumann Sophie , Staab Julia , Meyer Thomas , Celano Christopher M , Amonoo Hermioni L , Fangauf Stella V , Herrmann-Lingen Christoph , Kutschka Ingo , Friedrich Martin 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery are exposed to multiple treatment-related stressors, which can impact coping and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The objective of this trial was to analyse the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a multi-component intervention that combines psychological support and reduction of hospital-specific stressors on HRQoL, length of hospital and intensive care unit stay, self-efficacy, and plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and -8 levels in CABG patients.

METHODS
This three-arm, randomized controlled, single-centre pilot trial assessed the Intervention for CABG to Optimize Patient Experience in 88 patients undergoing elective CABG. Standard medical care (SMC, n = 29) was compared with 2 intervention groups: (i) psychological interventions to optimize treatment expectations (IA group, n = 30) and (ii) multi-component intervention (IB group, n = 29) with psychological interventions plus an additional treatment package (light therapy, noise reduction, music, and if desired, 360° images delivered via virtual reality).

RESULTS
The implementation of psychological interventions in routine medical treatment was feasible (91.5% of participants completed all intervention sessions). Both interventions were associated with significantly shorter hospital stay compared to SMC (IA/IB 9.8/9.3 days vs SMC 12.5 days). Self-efficacy expectations at post-surgery were significantly higher compared to SMC both in the IA group (P = 0.011) and marginally in the IB group (P = 0.051). However, there were no treatment effects of the interventions on HRQoL and plasma levels of IL-6 or IL-8 after CABG.

CONCLUSIONS
A perioperative multi-component intervention may lead to shorter hospital stay and higher self-efficacy after CABG. Further studies are needed to determine its impact on HRQoL and inflammation.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
Ethical approval (# 21/2/18) for the study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Göttingen Medical Center, and the trial was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00015309, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/setLocale_EN.do).
Not “The More The Merrier”: Diminishing Returns to Daily Face-To-Face Social Interaction Frequency for Well-Being in Older Age
Authors: Luo Minxia , Macdonald Birthe , Hülür Gizem 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesWhile being socially active is beneficial for well-being in older age, it is unclear whether effects of social interactions on well-being indicate “the more the merrier” or if they have limits as individuals socialize more or less across different days. This study addressed diminishing returns to social interaction frequency for well-being.MethodWe examined data from an event-contingent experience sampling study from 116 Swiss older adults (65 to 94 years old) over 21 days. Participants reported face-to-face social interactions once they occurred and daily well-being (i.e., positive and negative affect, loneliness) in the evenings.ResultsOn average, participants had 2.09 face-to-face social interactions per day. Linear and quadratic effects from multilevel models conjointly indicated that a higher number of daily social interactions was associated with higher daily positive affect and lower daily negative affect and loneliness, but that well-being reached its peak at 2–3 times above participants’ typical daily interaction frequency. Once these numbers were surpassed, the benefit of additional social interactions diminished. Additionally, participants who typically had fewer social interactions, were unmarried, lived alone, and had more health conditions showed stronger associations between daily social interaction frequency and well-being.DiscussionOur findings suggest the benefits of social interactions on well-being exhibit diminishing returns. Social interactions may play a bigger role in older adults with less satiation for desire to belong and a limited future time perspective. We discuss these findings in terms of the belongingness hypothesis and the socioemotional selectivity theory.
IgG Against Human Betacoronavirus Spike Proteins Correlates With SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike IgG Responses and COVID-19 Disease Severity
Authors: Wang Jiong , Li Dongmei , Cameron Andrew , Zhou Qian , Wiltse Alexander , Nayak Jennifer , Pecora Nicole D , Zand Martin S 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Background
A protective antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial to decrease morbidity and mortality from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. The effects of preexisting anti-human coronavirus (HCoV) antibodies on the SARS-CoV-2–specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses and severity of disease are currently unclear.

Methods
We profiled anti-spike (S), S1, S2, and receptor-binding domain IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and 6 HCoVs using a multiplex assay (mPLEX-CoV) with serum samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected (n = 155) and pre–COVID-19 (n = 188) cohorts.

Results
COVID-19 subjects showed significantly increased anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels that were highly correlated with IgG antibodies against OC43 and HKU1 S proteins. However, OC43 and HKU1 anti-S antibodies in pre–COVID-19 era sera did not cross-react with SARS-CoV-2. Unidirectional cross-reactive antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection were distinct from the bidirectional cross-reactive antibodies recognizing homologous strains RaTG13 and SARS-CoV-1. High anti-OC43 and anti-S2 antibody levels were associated with both a rapid anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibody response and increased disease severity. Subjects with increased sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores developed a higher ratio of S2- to S1-reactive antibodies.

Conclusions
Early and rapid emergence of OC43 S- and S2-reactive IgG after SARS-CoV-2 infection correlates with COVID-19 disease severity.
Comparative polymyxin B pharmacokinetics in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Surovoy Yury A. , Burkin Maksim A. , Galvidis Inna A. , Bochkov Pavel O. , Oganesyan Armen V. , Tsarenko Sergei V. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo describe polymyxin B pharmacokinetics in patients receiving veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in comparison with critically ill patients without ECMO support and to explore potential covariates that could affect the pharmacokinetics in this group of patients.Patients and methodsIn 13 critically ill patients on ECMO and in 21 critically ill patients without ECMO support, 6–8 blood samples were collected during 12 h intervals after reaching steady state. Polymyxin B concentration in serum was determined using a previously developed ELISA. Protein binding was assessed by rapid equilibrium dialysis.ResultsIn 13 critically ill patients on ECMO who received polymyxin B, the median area under the concentration–time curve over 12 h (AUC0–12h) was 48.38 mg/h/L for the total drug and 14.08 mg/h/L for the free drug. The unbound fraction was 0.35. Total body clearance was 1.16 L/h. In non-ECMO patients, the median AUC0–12h was 34.7 mg/h/L and the median CL was 1.76 L/h. The volume of distribution was significantly lower in ECMO patients (19.7 versus 30.4 L, respectively). We found a moderate negative correlation between the ECMO blood flow rate and AUC0–12h, a strong negative correlation between SOFA score and polymyxin B clearance and a moderate correlation between polymyxin B clearance and renal function in ECMO patients.ConclusionsCurrently recommended polymyxin B dosage regimens are sufficient for patients receiving ECMO and no dosage increase is required. In our study, polymyxin B exposure was higher in ECMO patients compared with the control group.
Dynamically adjusting case reporting policy to maximize privacy and public health utility in the face of a pandemic
Authors: Brown J Thomas , Yan Chao , Xia Weiyi , Yin Zhijun , Wan Zhiyu , Gkoulalas-Divanis Aris , Kantarcioglu Murat , Malin Bradley A 
Published: January 2022

Abstract

Objective
Supporting public health research and the public’s situational awareness during a pandemic requires continuous dissemination of infectious disease surveillance data. Legislation, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and recent state-level regulations, permits sharing deidentified person-level data; however, current deidentification approaches are limited. Namely, they are inefficient, relying on retrospective disclosure risk assessments, and do not flex with changes in infection rates or population demographics over time. In this paper, we introduce a framework to dynamically adapt deidentification for near-real time sharing of person-level surveillance data.

Materials and Methods
The framework leverages a simulation mechanism, capable of application at any geographic level, to forecast the reidentification risk of sharing the data under a wide range of generalization policies. The estimates inform weekly, prospective policy selection to maintain the proportion of records corresponding to a group size less than 11 (PK11) at or below 0.1. Fixing the policy at the start of each week facilitates timely dataset updates and supports sharing granular date information. We use August 2020 through October 2021 case data from Johns Hopkins University and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to demonstrate the framework’s effectiveness in maintaining the PK11 threshold of 0.01.

Results
When sharing COVID-19 county-level case data across all US counties, the framework’s approach meets the threshold for 96.2% of daily data releases, while a policy based on current deidentification techniques meets the threshold for 32.3%.

Conclusion
Periodically adapting the data publication policies preserves privacy while enhancing public health utility through timely updates and sharing epidemiologically critical features.
Moving, Fast or Slow: How Perceived Speed Influences Mental Representation and Decision Making
Authors: Shani-Feinstein Yael , Kyung Ellie J , Goldenberg Jacob 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Can the sensation of moving fast versus slow systematically influence consumer behavior? With recent technological innovations, people increasingly experience speed during decision making. They can be physically on the move with their devices or virtually immersed in speed simulated through their devices. Through seven experiments, we provide evidence for a speed-abstraction effect, where the perception of moving faster (vs. slower) leads people to rely on more abstract (vs. concrete) mental representations during decision making. This effect manifests for virtually simulated (experiment 1) and physically experienced (experiment 2) movement on moving trains. We suggest that it stems from an underlying speed-abstraction schema where people associate faster speed with abstraction and slower speed with concreteness (experiments 3a–3c). Weakening this schema attenuates the effect (experiment 4). Through a field study, experiment 5 demonstrates that video ads placed on Facebook are more engaging when virtually simulated speed matches the linguistic abstraction level of the message. Dimensions of psychological distance (time, space) and factors influencing mental representation (affect, fluency, spatial orientation) are addressed as possible alternative explanations that cannot account for the effect. We propose a framework for understanding how experiencing speed—both physical and virtual—can influence decision making.
How Torture and National Security Have Corrupted the Right to Fair Trial in the 9/11 Military Commissions
Authors: McCall-Smith Kasey 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Now passing its tenth year of pre-trial, the 9/11 military commission involves five men on trial for war crimes and terrorism in relation to the attacks against the USA on 11 September 2001. This article examines specific issues regarding the relationship between the prohibition against torture, national security and the right to fair trial that have arisen in the pre-trial phase of the case. The most obvious connection between the prohibition against torture and the right to fair trial has traditionally played out in the context of the exclusion of evidence obtained through torture. However, the frenetic nature of engagement between the defense and the prosecution in the courtroom reinforces that the US government’s efforts to hide the torture of the defendant victims diminishes the further range of protections that make up the right to fair trial, in particular this article examines various components of the right to an effective defense. In analysing these issues, the article contributes to the legal literature and understanding about the interrelated nature of torture and fair trial in the Guantánamo military commissions by demonstrating how efforts to conceal torture using the guise of national security prevents the defendants from fully engaging their rights to a fair trial in the 9/11 military commission.