bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manual Versus Artificial Intelligence-Based Segmentations as a Pre-processing Step in Whole-body PET Dosimetry Calculations
Authors: van Sluis Joyce , Noordzij Walter , de Vries Elisabeth G. E. , Kok Iris C. , de Groot Derk Jan A. , Jalving Mathilde , Lub-de Hooge Marjolijn N. , Brouwers Adrienne H. , Boellaard Ronald 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Purpose
As novel tracers are continuously under development, it is important to obtain reliable radiation dose estimates to optimize the amount of activity that can be administered while keeping radiation burden within acceptable limits.
Organ segmentation is required for quantification of specific uptake in organs of interest and whole-body dosimetry but is a time-consuming task which induces high interobserver variability. Therefore, we explored using manual segmentations versus an artificial intelligence (AI)-based automated segmentation tool as a pre-processing step for calculating whole-body effective doses to determine the influence of variability in volumetric whole-organ segmentations on dosimetry.

Procedures
PET/CT data of six patients undergoing imaging with 89Zr-labelled pembrolizumab were included. Manual organ segmentations were performed, using in-house developed software, and biodistribution information was obtained. Based on the activity biodistribution information, residence times were calculated. The residence times served as input for OLINDA/EXM version 1.0 (Vanderbilt University, 2003) to calculate the whole-body effective dose (mSv/MBq).
Subsequently, organ segmentations were performed using RECOMIA, a cloud-based AI platform for nuclear medicine and radiology research. The workflow for calculating residence times and whole-body effective doses, as described above, was repeated.

Results
Data were acquired on days 2, 4, and 7 post-injection, resulting in 18 scans. Overall analysis time per scan was approximately 4 h for manual segmentations compared to ≤ 30 min using AI-based segmentations. Median Jaccard similarity coefficients between manual and AI-based segmentations varied from 0.05 (range 0.00–0.14) for the pancreas to 0.78 (range 0.74–0.82) for the lungs. Whole-body effective doses differed minimally for the six patients with a median difference in received mSv/MBq of 0.52% (range 0.15–1.95%).

Conclusion
This pilot study suggests that whole-body dosimetry calculations can benefit from fast, automated AI-based whole organ segmentations.
Application of parametric trend life cycle assessment for investigating the carbon footprint of ammonia as marine fuel
Authors: Chalaris Ioannis , Jeong Byongug , Jang Hayoung 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to determine whether ammonia can genuinely help to reduce the carbon footprint of maritime activities. Given this, it was decided to investigate the life cycle of ammonia and its impact on the environment regarding the global warming potential.

Methods
To achieve this goal, the parametric trend life cycle assessment was applied to yield a general and reliable observation. The research was combined with a comprehensive dataset of over 2061 bulk carriers and eight different ammonia production methods: steam methane reforming, photovoltaics, electrolysis via wind, biomass downdraft gasifier, biomass circulating fluidized bed gasifier (CFBG) system, underground coal gasification (UCG) with carbon capture and storage (CCS), UCG without CCS, and 3-step Cu-Cl cycle. In addition, an existing ME-LGI (ME-liquid gas injection) engine was selected as the propulsion system.

Results
The results from PT-LCA revealed that for estimating the carbon impact of ammonia as marine fuel from a well-to-wake (WTW) perspective, it is mandatory to focus on the well-to-tank (WTT) phase. The lowest carbon production pathway for the global warming potential (GWP) is the 3-step Cu-Cl cycle and eventually is the most potential route for using ammonia as fuel in the maritime industry. Finally, this study concludes with some formulas, based on regression analysis, which serves as rapid indications for comparing the overall carbon impact of thousands of bulk carriers equipped with the ME-LGI engine, carrying ammonia as fuel from different production methods.

Conclusions
Given these fuel production routes, the research has also demonstrated that ME-LGI engines can be a groundbreaking way to reduce the carbon footprint of ships. Additionally, the research findings showed that the environmental indicators proposed in this article have the potential to make a significant contribution to the industry. They are anticipated to assist stakeholders in overcoming the discrepancy problem generated by past studies that were so dissimilar from case to case that the scope, boundary of analysis, data, and assumptions they employed were far from current standards and rules. In addition, the GWP according to the ship power was compared and reviewed in terms of the well-to-wake (WTW). Thus, the proposed methodology for developing ammonia ship environmental indicators is to provide valuable insight into environmental policy and decision-making processes.
A Comparative Analysis of Metabolome Reveals the Regulation of the Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Branch in Potatoes
Authors: Liu Fang , Chen Guangxia , Zhang Ye , Zhao Peng , Dong Daofeng , Wang Yongqiang , Wang Shufen , Yang Yuanjun 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA comparative metabolomic analysis was performed using purple potato tubers and derived red mutant tubers to investigate the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The metabolome analysis revealed 19 key differential metabolites including 10 flavonoids and 4 nucleotides. As a differential metabolite, pelargonidin was responsible for the mutant, and other metabolites had a correlation with it. To further analyse the regulatory mechanism of the differential metabolites, correlation analyses of metabolome and transcriptome were done. Among the differential metabolites, seven flavonoids and F3′5′H were in the flavonoid metabolic pathway. F3′5′H is responsible for the anthocyanin biosynthesis branch in potato tubers. To further analyse the regulatory mechanism of F3′5′H, the transcriptome analysis identified 63 differentially expressed genes, which highly correlated with F3'5'H. Furthermore, correlations among the key differential metabolites and the differentially expressed genes indicated that 11 differential genes and 10 differential metabolites presented 76 significant correlations. These 11 genes mainly encoded serine/threonine protein kinase, UMP-CMP kinase, MADS-box transcription factor, and WD repeat-containing protein. The 10 differential metabolites were involved in pelargonidin, luteolin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside, and uridine monophosphate. Through yeast one-hybrid experiments, the proteins interacting with the promoter of F3'5'H were screened: ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF011, gibberellin-regulated protein 9-like, and serine-threonine protein kinase, transcription factor LHW bHLH. These results will provide valuable insights into the regulation mechanism of the anthocyanin biosynthesis branch in potatoes.
Experimental Study on the Configuration Hydrodynamics of Trimaran Ships
Authors: Jia Jingbei , Zong Zhi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper presents experimental results on configuration hydrodynamics. Three models are used in the model tests, which are typical of hard, round, and soft chines. Although specific values are different, the influence patterns are similar in the three ship models. A set of different outrigger positions is investigated in calm water and regular waves. A variety of interesting phenomena are observed, among which the splash resistance is the dominant component for a trimaran at high speeds (with Froude number Fr > 0.6). If two small outriggers are placed inside Kelvin’s wave systems of the main hull, a strong splash appears, resulting in a significant resistance increase. Moreover, short and long waves cannot be neglected, for they may excite the motions of much smaller outriggers. This condition leads to non-vanishing heaving at high-frequency and non-normalized pitches at low frequencies. Based on the tests, three spectra of optimum configurations for resistance, longitudinal motions, and transverse motions are presented. These results reveal the optimum configurations of a trimaran hull in terms of hydrodynamic performance, thus providing a very powerful tool for optimum design of trimaran ships.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and liver function markers are associated with Crohn’s disease but not Ulcerative Colitis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Jie , Dan Lintao , Tu Xinru , Sun Yuhao , Deng Minzi , Chen Xuejie , Hesketh Therese , Li Ran , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Xue 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is recently recognized as a condition featured with metabolic dysfunctions in liver. It has been supposed that MAFLD might contribute to the development of IBD, but evidence from prospective cohort studies is lacking and inconclusive.

Methods
A total of 221,546 females and 183,867 males from the UK Biobank cohort enrolled in 2006–2010 were included to examine whether MAFLD and liver function markers were related to incident IBD. MAFLD was identified based on hepatic steatosis defined by fatty liver index plus the prevalence of overweight, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or at least two metabolic abnormalities. Biomarker related to liver function (albumin [ALB], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST]; gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT], total bilirubin [TB], total protein [TP]) was measured using colorimetric or enzymatic assays. The incidence of IBD was ascertained based on primary care and inpatient records. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the magnitude of their associations.

Results
With a mean follow-up of 12.1 years, 2228 incident IBD cases were documented. We identified 150,385 individuals with MAFLD at baseline and 86% participants’ circulating liver function markers were within the normal range. Participants with MAFLD were associated with a 12% (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03, 1.23, p = 0.012) increased risk of IBD compared with those without MAFLD at baseline; the association was stronger (p-Heterogeneity = 0.006) with Crohn's disease (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.15, 1.59, p < 0.001) than ulcerative colitis (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.93, 1.15, p = 0.57). As for the serum liver function markers, the HRs of IBD for per 1-SD increment in ALB, ALP, AST, and TB concentration were 0.86 (95% CI 0.83, 0.90, p < 0.001), 1.18 (95% CI 1.13, 1.24, p < 0.001), 0.95 (95% CI 0.91, 0.99, p = 0.027), 0.92 (95% CI 0.87, 0.96, p < 0.001), respectively. We did not observe significant associations of GGT and TP with IBD.

Conclusions
Individuals with MAFLD were at increased risk of developing IBD, especially CD, but not UC. Circulating levels of liver function biomarkers as the surrogate indicators of MAFLD were also associated with IBD risk.
Compatibility promotion between platforms: The role of open technology standards and giant platforms
Authors: Spaeth Sebastian , Niederhöfer Sven 
Published: October 2022

AbstractMost platform literature focuses on single platforms and their governance, e.g. concerning app developers. Yet, platform competition and dynamics are increasingly important as they form connections with each other and build complex networks. More focus on platform-to-platform relationships and the role of standards is warranted. Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate how platform sponsors select platforms to promote as compatible with their own products, taking open standards and “giant platforms” into account. To address these questions, we construct a unique data set covering 157 platforms in the smart home market. We conduct a network analysis based on an exponential random graph model (ERGM) to incorporate platform features, dyadic characteristics, and structural processes. We find that platform-to-platform compatibility promotion is determined by a careful selection of platforms with dissimilar industry sectors and ecosystem niches. We identify two strategic approaches to select and promote platforms as compatible, based on standard complementarity and the size of the installed base. We find that platforms more often promote other platforms with similar supported standards. The majority of endorsements are directed at giant platforms, allowing platforms to support a smaller number of standards and thus a reduced degree of openness at the technology level. Platforms often integrate several giant platforms at the same time. Our study makes two major contributions to the literature. First, we extend the concept of selective promotion (Rietveld et al. 2019) to include inter-platform compatibility and open technology standards. Second, we demonstrate how platform sponsors compensate for higher accessibility at the technology level with transparency at the marketplace level.
Scham als Material sexualpädagogischer Praxis – neomaterialistische Perspektiven auf Schampraxis
Authors: von der Heyde Judith 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Sexualpädagogik ist ein Feld sozialpädagogischer Praxis, das den menschlichen Körper besonders in den Fokus rückt. Er wird ganz explizit als sexueller Körper zum inhaltlichen Thema gemacht, wodurch gleichzeitig die Körper der Adressat*innen und die der Pädagog*innen an Sichtbarkeit gewinnen. Durch diese Exponiertheit des menschlichen Körpers in der Verbindung mit dem Thema Sexualität wird Scham und Beschämung zu einem impliziten und expliziten begleitenden Faktor der pädagogischen Situation. Dieser Beitrag zeigt empirische Ergebnisse einer ethnographischen Studie, die Situationen sexueller Bildung praxistheoretisch rekonstruiert, und fokussiert dabei die Körper in ihrer Relation. Unter einer neomaterialistischen Perspektive kann hierbei deutlich werden, dass eben nicht nur menschliche Körper für die Konstitution der sexualpädagogischen Situation konsekutiv sind, sondern dass alle Materialitäten gemeinsam die situative Ordnung herstellen. Ein zentrales Ergebnis der Beobachtungen macht Scham als wesentliches Momentum der sexualpädagogischen Situation sichtbar. Ein „doing shame“ ist dabei ein stetes Ergebnis der Praxis aller Körper. Mit einem neomaterialistischen Blick wird deutlich, in welchen materiellen Relationen Scham überhaupt hergestellt und bedeutsam wird und wie sie somit selbst zum Material sexualpädagogischer Praxis wird.
Looking beyond values: The legitimacy of social perspectives, opinions and interests in science
Authors: Hilligardt Hannah 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis paper critically assesses the current debates in philosophy of science that focus on the concept of values. In these debates, it is often assumed that all relevant non-epistemic influences on scientific research can be described as values and, consequently, that science carries social legitimacy if the correct values play their proper role in research. I argue that values are not the only relevant non-epistemic influences on research: not unless our definition of values is so broad that it becomes unmanageable. Other factors also affect the authority and social legitimacy of science. I employ political theorist Iris Marion Young’s concepts of social perspectives, opinions and interests to attempt a differentiation of contextual influences relevant to scientific research. While problems arising from these influences may overlap, they often differ in important ways too. As a consequence, I argue that contextual influences cannot be managed jointly but require distinct and complementary strategies.
Improving the Journey Before, During and After Diagnosis of a Neurodevelopmental Condition: Suggestions from a Sample of Australian Consumers and Professionals
Authors: Evans Kiah , Afsharnejad Bahareh , Finlay-Jones Amy , Downs Jenny , Strumpher Elissa , Freeman Jacinta , Wray John , Whitehouse Andrew J. O. , Mullan Narelle 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Objectives
The current study used a transdiagnostic approach to explore experiences of consumers and professionals on how the process of assessing and diagnosing neurodevelopmental conditions can be improved.

Methods
Individuals with personal and/or professional experience of this clinical pathway were invited to complete an online survey. A convenience sample of 117 Australian participants provided qualitative data describing how to improve this clinical pathway, including 71 consumers and 53 professionals (seven participants held both roles). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the characteristics of the participants and two researchers analyzed the qualitative responses using a template approach.

Results
Participants described a five-stage “journey” spanning before, during and after diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental condition. They progressed through “searching” for an explanation, “waiting” for the diagnostic evaluation, “investigating” the signs and symptoms, “knowing” that their child has a neurodevelopmental condition and “accessing” support. Participants also suggested nine key improvements to this process that were named “awareness” through professional training and empathy, “clearer pathways” through professional checklists and plans, “acceptable timeframes” through reduced local waitlists, “more holistic” through assessment and supports, “more collaboration” through communication with key parties, “stability and consistency” through continuous and coordinated services, “generic community programs” through early needs-based support, “understanding” through meaningful diagnostic disclosure and “addressing their needs” through further targeted supports.

Conclusions
The findings from this study provide a foundation for future work to improve the diagnostic journey for neurodevelopmental conditions through a collaborative effort between consumers, professionals, researchers and policy makers. These findings highlight the importance of a transdiagnostic and comprehensive clinical pathway that spans the entire journey, where supports are readily available to consumers before, during and after diagnosis. Further research is required to explore the experience of consumers and professionals from more diverse backgrounds, as a limitation of this study was that almost all participants were females and very few identified as belonging to a specific cultural group.
Performance assessment of data driven water models using water quality parameters of Wangchu river, Bhutan
Authors: Choden Yeshi , Chokden Sonam , Rabten Tenzin , Chhetri Nimesh , Aryan Komal Raj , Al Abdouli Khameis Mohamed 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Multifarious anthropogenic activities triggered by rapid urbanization has led to contamination of water sources at unprecedented rate, with less surveillance, investigation and mitigation. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in tracking and predicting water quality parameters has surpassed the use of other conventional methods. This study presents the assessment of three main models: adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) on water quality parameters of Wangchu river located at capital city of Bhutan. The performance and predictive ability of these models are compared and the optimal model for predicting the parameters are recommended based on the coefficient correlation (CC), root mean square error (RMSE) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) evaluation criteria. Overall NSE and RMSE, the ANN model predicted parameters with maximum efficiency of 97.3 percent and minimum error of 8.57. The efficiency of MLR and ANFIS model are 95.9 percent and 94.1 percent respectively. The overall error generated by MLR and ANFIS are 10.64 and 12.693 respectively. From the analysis made, the ANN is recommended as the most suitable model in predicting the water quality parameters of Wangchu river. From the six-training function of ANN, trainBR (Bayesian Regularization) achieved the CC of 99.8%, NSE of 99.3% and RMSE of 9.822 for next year data prediction. For next location prediction, trainBR achieved CC of 99.2%, NSE of 98.4% and RMSE of 6.485, which is the higher correlation and maximum efficiency with less error compared to rest of the training functions. The study represents first attempt in assessing water quality using AI technology in Bhutan and the results showed a positive conclusion that the traditional means of experiments to check the quality of river water can be substituted with this reliable and realistic data driven water models.

Article highlights

Total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), potential of hydrogen (pH) and dissolved oxygen (DO) are selected as main water quality parameters as data for modeling.

Artificial neural network model gives highest efficiency and accuracy compared to MLR and ANFIS model.

Use of artificial intelligence shows better performance to provide water quality and future predictions over conventional methods leading to conservation of water resources and sustainability.
Recent Formulation Advances of Mangiferin
Authors: Barakat Sara , Nasr Maha , Ahmed Rania F. , Badawy Sabry , Mortada Nahed 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNutraceuticals have recently gained interest owing to their valuable contribution in the treatment of several diseases, with high safety margin and low incidence of side effects. However, their efficacy is limited by some challenges, namely poor solubility, low permeability, and, consequently, low bioavailability. Delivery carriers have proven that they can overcome almost all the aforementioned limitations, leading to improvement in the pharmacological efficacy of nutraceuticals. Among the promising nutraceuticals that have currently evoked considerable interest is mangiferin from mango tree, which is a polyphenol exhibiting many favorable pharmacological actions, but unfortunately suffers from poor aqueous solubility and other limitations that lower its bioavailability and halter its efficacy. This review summarizes the pharmacological actions of mangiferin and provides an insight on how delivery carriers for mangiferin (lipidic, vesicular, polymeric, inorganic, and protein nanoparticles, as well as complexes) can overcome its pharmaceutical challenges, hence reflecting on its improved therapeutic effects in treatment of different diseases.