bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexually dimorphic effects of estrogen receptor 2 deletion in the dorsal raphe nucleus on emotional behaviors
Authors: He Jing , Yan Jing‐Jing , Zha Xi , Ding Xiao‐Jing , Zhang Yan‐li , Lu Zheng , Xu Xiao‐Hong 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSex differences in emotional behaviors and affective disorders have been widely noted, of which sexually dimorphic secretion of gonadal steroid hormones such as estrogen is suspected to play a role. However, the underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. We noted that the expression of estrogen receptor 2 (Esr2, or ERβ), a key mediator of estrogen signaling in the brain, was enriched in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), a region involved in emotion regulation. To investigate whether DRN Esr2 expression confers sex‐specific susceptibility or vulnerability in emotional behaviors, we generated a conditional allele of Esr2 that allowed for site‐specific deletion of Esr2 in the DRN via local injection of Cre‐expressing viruses. DRN‐specific Esr2 deletion mildly increased anxiety behaviors in females, as shown by decreased time spent in the center zone of an open field in knockout females. By contrast, DRN Esr2 deletion had no effects on anxiety levels in males, as demonstrated by knockout males spending comparable time in the center zone of an open field and open arms of an elevated‐plus maze. Furthermore, in the tail suspension test, DRN Esr2 deletion reduced immobility, a depression‐like behavior, in a male‐biased manner. Together, these results reveal sex‐specific functions of DRN Esr2 in regulating emotional behaviors and suggest targeted manipulation of DRN Esr2 signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat sex‐biased affective disorders.
Which factors are associated with cannabis use among adolescents in Andalusia? An application of the I‐Change model
Authors: Torrejón‐Guirado María‐Carmen , Lima‐Serrano Marta , Mercken Liesbeth , de Vries Hein 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundCannabis use is increasing among Andalusian adolescents, causing health, social and financial problems. School nurses visit schools and provide health promotion to adolescents in Andalusia. In order to better tailor health promotion programs, it is important to understand the sociodemographic and motivational factors related to cannabis use in Andalusian adolescents.Design/MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 369 students (aged 15–18 years) from secondary schools in Andalusia were involved. An anonymous questionnaire based on the I‐Change Model was self‐administered during school hours. Cannabis users were compared with non‐cannabis users regarding sociodemographic and motivational factors. Contingency tables, mean comparison tests, and logistic regression analyses were conducted.ResultsThe prevalence of cannabis use in the last year was 21.6%. Non‐cannabis users had a few positive beliefs toward cannabis use (e.g. the ability to relax or medical benefits), as well as users. Users recognized some disadvantages of cannabis use but played down their importance and mentioned more advantages. Moreover, social influence, especially from peers, plays a critical role in cannabis use. Specific social situations and moods seemed to be special risk factors for cannabis use, such as being at a celebration or feeling good. Results of regression analysis showed that cannabis use is mainly associated with age, low family function, low family affluence, high pocket money, perceiving few disadvantages of cannabis use, much social modeling of cannabis use, social norm and pressure favoring cannabis, low self‐efficacy to resist using cannabis and positive intentions to use cannabis.ConclusionsBased on our results, prevention programmes lead by nurses can be tailored to the factors important to prevent cannabis use, focusing on outlining the disadvantages of cannabis use, alternatives for using cannabis when feeling good, increasing salience of healthy social influences and reinforcing self‐efficacy to resist temptations to use cannabis are recommended.Clinical RelevanceNurses need to know the sociodemographic factors and motivations associated with the use of cannabis in adolescents in order to establish effective preventive interventions at school.
In vivo and ex vivo range of motion in the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra
Authors: Herbst Eva C. , Eberhard Enrico A. , Richards Christopher T. , Hutchinson John R. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractJoint range of motion (RoM) analyses are fundamental to our understanding of how an animal moves throughout its ecosystem. Recent technological advances allow for more detailed quantification of this RoM (e.g. including interaction of degrees of freedom) both in ex vivo joints and in vivo experiments. Both types of data have been used to draw comparisons with fossils to reconstruct locomotion. Salamanders are often used as analogues for early tetrapod locomotion; testing such hypotheses requires an in‐depth analysis of salamander joint RoM. Here, we provide a detailed dataset of the ex vivo ligamentous rotational joint RoM in the hindlimb of the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra, using a new method for collecting and visualising joint RoM. We also characterise in vivo joint RoM used during walking, via scientific rotoscoping and compare the in vivo and ex vivo data. In summary, we provide (1) a new method for joint RoM data experiments and (2) a detailed analysis of both in vivo and ex vivo data of salamander hindlimbs, which can be used for comparative studies.
Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery in gynecological procedure: Experience of a Women's and Children's Medical Center from China
Authors: Huang Lu , Feng Dan , Gu Ding‐Xian , Lin Yong‐Hong , Gong Zhao‐Lin , Liu Dan‐Dan , Zhang Qiang , Li Yan , Huang Li‐Qiong , He Li 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo review of our hospital's experiences in transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) and challenges we encountered in performance of the procedure, so as to provide help to medical institutions who are preparing to carry out vNOTES.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of all patients receiving vNOTES in our hospital from April 2018 to May 2021. Data we collected cover the general characteristics, perioperative outcomes, and complications of the patients.ResultsA total of 1147 patients underwent vNOTES in the past 3 years at our hospital. The total numbers of adnexal surgery, myomectomy, hysterectomy, pelvic floor reconstruction surgery, and malignant tumor surgery performed via vNOTES were 902, 98, 82, 51, and 14, respectively. Eighteen patients were converted to transabdominal laparoscopic surgery. A total of 38 patients had complications according to Clavien‐Dindo classification, and the total complication rate was 3.31%. Among these cases of complications, 27 were Grade I, 4 were Grade II, and 7 were Grade III. No complications of Grade IV or V were reported.ConclusionThe application of vNOTES is safe and feasible for most gynecological surgeries. Moreover, hospitals with traditional laparoscopic equipment are advised to try this technique as there is no need to purchase additional expensive equipment. However, since vNOTES represents a novel approach, the long‐term complications and efficacy associated with this technique are pending to be verified through large‐scale prospective multicenter randomized controlled studies.
Addressing Health Disparities in LGBTQ Youth Through Professional Development of Middle School Staff
Authors: Owens Melissa , Mattheus Deborah 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSignificant health disparities exist for sexual minority youth (SMY). While supportive adults in schools have been shown to improve mental wellbeing and academic outcomes for students, most teachers do not receive training specific to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer or questioning (LGBTQ) students.METHODSThe project aimed at providing staff from a Hawaii middle school with “Safe Space” professional training to increase knowledge and comfort in supporting SMY. Pre‐ and post‐training surveys were used to measure knowledge of LGBTQ issues and comfort in supporting LGBTQ students and a 2‐week and 3‐month survey assessed staff's application of newly learned material.RESULTSSixty‐four staff participated in the first of 2 training sessions with 59 completing both sessions. Results from the pre‐ and post‐survey showed a 34.9% increase in knowledge of LGBTQ issues (effect size = 1.22) and a 5.5% increase in self‐rated comfort level in supporting LGBTQ students (effect size = 0.22). A 3‐month follow‐up indicated that 52.9% of the respondents were actively applying knowledge learned within their school setting.CONCLUSIONSThe project results demonstrate the value of the training not only in the short term but also staff's ability to apply the knowledge they learned. Given the success of implementation, expansion to other schools could facilitate ally‐building attitudes and behaviors as a protective factor for SMY throughout the state.
Follow‐up of infants with colic into childhood: Do they develop behavioural problems?
Authors: Zeevenhooven Judith , de Bruin Françoise E , Schappin Renske , Vlieger Arine M , van der Lee Johanna H , Haverman Lotte , van Sleuwen Bregje E , L'Hoir Monique P , Benninga Marc A 
Published: August 2022

AimTo assess whether infants with colic (IC) demonstrate persisting developmental dysregulation into childhood, manifested as behavioural problems, and to determine if these behavioural problems are associated with parenting factors.MethodsPreschool children with a history of IC at the age of 0–3 months, as defined by the Wessel criteria, were invited to participate in an observational follow‐up study, in which their caregivers completed the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Raw scores and clinical‐range scores on the internalising, externalising and total behavioural problems scales were compared with a Dutch normative sample using independent t‐tests and Chi‐square tests. For the clinical‐range scores, multivariable logistic regressions (odds ratios [99% confidence interval, CI]) were used to adjust for confounders and to identify variables associated with behavioural problems.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐eight children with a history of IC (median age 5.1 (interquartile range, IQR 4.6–5.5) years, 51.9% boys) were included. The cases had a significantly higher adjusted risk (adjusted odds ratios (aORs) [99% CI]) of scoring in the clinical range of the emotionally reactive, internalising and total problems scale (2.96 [1.24–7.06]; 2.50 [1.35–4.62]; 2.98 [1.46‐6.07], respectively). Internalising (P < 0.001), externalising (P < 0.001) and total (P < 0.001) behavioural problems in children with a history of IC were associated with higher parenting stress scores.ConclusionsChildren with a history of IC demonstrated significantly more internalising behavioural problems at preschool age compared to the norm sample. Specific advice and support need to be available for parents to understand and regulate the behaviour of their child, from infancy to childhood.
Is slide‐based or video‐based eLearning better at achieving behavioural change in bronchiolitis management? A cluster‐based randomised control trial
Authors: Talati Rutty , Fonseca Bob , Mallitt Kylie‐ann , Mackenzie John 
Published: August 2022

AimThis cluster‐based randomised control trial examines the comparative efficacy of two eLearning programs that teach clinicians evidence‐based bronchiolitis management for children less than 12 months of age.MethodsSix hospitals, matched for size, were randomly allocated to either video‐based (arm A) or slide‐based (arm B) eLearning programs. To assess behavioural change, participants (doctors and nurses) were asked to declare how they would manage a video scenario of an infant with bronchiolitis, before and after either eLearning method. Measured outcomes included the number of investigations and treatments ordered, admissions to hospital and discharge planning. Confidence scores and change in understanding for bronchiolitis management were also measured.ResultsBoth methods of eLearning instruction resulted in reductions in unnecessary investigations and treatments performed, as well as improved confidence and understanding of bronchiolitis management on the video scenario. Video‐based eLearning instruction additionally demonstrated a significant reduction in unnecessary hospital admissions and better discharge planning, based on learners' declarations to the video scenario, relative to slide‐based learning.ConclusionSlide‐based and video‐based eLearning both demonstrate improvements in reported bronchiolitis management. However, video‐based eLearning may yield more significant practice changes, improved clinician confidence in management, as well as improved patient experience.
Implications for paediatric training and workforce from pandemic disruptions: A view from a tertiary hospital
Authors: Gard Jye , Cisternino Angela , Polley Clare , Gray Amy 
Published: August 2022

AimTo understand the lived experience of paediatric trainees in relation to their educational opportunities, workforce roles and the interplay between them, during pandemic disruptions.MethodsTwenty paediatric trainees working at Australian paediatric hospitals during the time of COVID‐19 restrictions were interviewed between July and November 2020. Based on a phenomenological approach, the interviews examined junior doctors' experiences in relation to medical education, adaptive education modes, learning opportunities and their workforce roles during the pandemic. Qualitative inductive thematic data analysis was used to develop a cohort narrative.ResultsFour overarching themes were identified regarding trainee perceptions of the impact of COVID‐19 restrictions on learning opportunities, both positive and negative. These were: impaired rapport building, altered team role, altered care and education affordances versus access. Participants felt ill‐equipped to provide optimal clinical care during virtual and stifled in‐person consultations, detached from the multidisciplinary team, that changed work roles diminished their professional self‐worth, and that online learnings were advantageous if rostering afforded opportunities to engage with them.ConclusionTo equip paediatric trainees for the next steps in their careers, we suggest the following areas of focus: the use of new tools of rapport, smart investment in clinical moments, reconnection of multidisciplinary teams and learning, the support of online learning infrastructure with protected education time and roadmaps for learning, and teaching on how to triage information sources and alongside clinical visit types.
Melatonin drives apoptosis in head and neck cancer by increasing mitochondrial ROS generated via reverse electron transport
Authors: Florido Javier , Martinez‐Ruiz Laura , Rodriguez‐Santana César , López‐Rodríguez Alba , Hidalgo‐Gutiérrez Agustín , Cottet‐Rousselle Cécile , Lamarche Frédéric , Schlattner Uwe , Guerra‐Librero Ana , Aranda‐Martínez Paula , Acuña‐Castroviejo Darío , López Luis C. , Escames Germaine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe oncostatic effects of melatonin correlate with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, but how melatonin induces this ROS generation is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the two seemingly opposing actions of melatonin regarding its relationship with free radicals. We analyzed the effects of melatonin on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (Cal‐27 and SCC‐9), which were treated with 0.5 or 1 mM melatonin. We further examined the potential effects of melatonin to induce ROS and apoptosis in Cal‐27 xenograft mice. Here we report that melatonin mediates apoptosis in head and neck cancer by driving mitochondrial reverse electron transport (RET) to induce ROS production. Melatonin‐induced changes in tumoral metabolism led to increased mitochondrial activity, which, in turn, induced ROS‐dependent mitochondrial uncoupling. Interestingly, mitochondrial complex inhibitors, including rotenone, abolished the ROS elevation indicating that melatonin increased ROS generation via RET. Melatonin also increased membrane potential and CoQ10H2/CoQ10 ratio to elevate mitochondrial ROS production, which are essential conditions for RET. We found that genetic manipulation of cancer cells with alternative oxidase, which transfers electrons from QH2 to oxygen, inhibited melatonin‐induced ROS generation, and apoptosis. RET restored the melatonin‐induced oncostatic effect, highlighting the importance of RET as the site of ROS production. These results illustrate that RET and ROS production are crucial factors in melatonin's effects in cancer cells and establish the dual effect of melatonin in protecting normal cells and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.
Is the urgency message encoded in heterospecific alarm calls perceived by domestic chickens?
Authors: Dutour M. , Ridley A. R. , Randler C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractVertebrate alarm calls can signal danger, and often encode information about predator proximity. Some species of birds alter the number of notes of their alarm calls to reflect urgency, with high‐urgency alarm calls having more notes than low‐urgency calls. Not only do individuals perceive the urgency message encoded in the alarm calls of conspecifics, but also in the alarm calls given by heterospecifics (sympatric and allopatric species). Yet, although well studied in wild species, the capacity to use heterospecific graded alarm call systems has not been investigated in domestic animals. Domestication may have altered the perceptual and communicative abilities of domestic species because they are less threatened by predators. Using playbacks conducted on domestic naked neck chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in France, we tested whether this species is able to decode information about urgency in alarm calls produced by a sympatric species; the common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), and by an allopatric species; the Australian magpie (Cracticus tibicen). We found the latency to resume foraging behaviour was higher after the high‐urgency call playbacks than the low‐urgency call playbacks, suggesting that the urgency encoded in heterospecific calls was perceived by chickens. However, results seem to indicate that the chickens are not able to discriminate between alarm and control (songs) sounds, but simply respond to specific sound characteristics of each playback stimulus. Our results raise some questions about how animals perceive and attend to information provided by heterospecific alarms. We hope this study will encourage future work with domesticated and nondomesticated animals.
Genetic heterogeneity and predominance of blaCTX-M-15 in cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates colonizing hospitalized children in Tunisia
Authors: Harbaoui S. , Ferjani S. , Abbassi M.S. , Saidani M. , Gargueh T. , Ferjani M. , Hammi Y. , Boutiba-Ben Boubaker I. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens. Community infections by these organisms have been also reported and were associated with previous intestinal colonization. We aimed to characterize cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CTX-R-En) isolated from hospitalized children in a Tunisian paediatric ward. Seventy CTX-R-En isolates were collected from 227 rectal swabs from hospitalized children in a paediatric ward. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined according to the EUCAST guidelines. Isolates were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR, genes encoding: ESBLs, pAmpC, carbapenemases, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, virulence factors in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, occurrence of classes 1 and 2 integrons, phylogenetic groups of E. coli isolates, ERIC-PCR and PCR-based replicon typing) and conjugal transfer experiments. In total, 65 out of 227 (28·6%) hospitalized children were colonized with CTX-M-R-En, and 70 isolates were identified. Isolates were 59 ESBL-, 7 plasmidic-AmpC (pAmpC)-, 3 ESBL+pAmpC-, and one ESBL+carbapenemase producers. The following bla genes were identified: blaCTX-M-15 (n = 54), blaCTX-M-1 (n = 5), blaCTX-M-9 (n = 2), blaCTX-M-13 (n = 1) and blaCTX-M-14 (n = 1), blaCMY-2 (n = 5), blaCMY-4 (n = 4), blaACC-1 (n = 1) and blaOXA-48 (n = 1). Our results showed that hospitalized children were colonized with various CTX-R-En-producing several beta-lactamase enzymes.
Reviving Jewish Theology: From A Soft Maimonidean to a Practical Biblical Metaphysics
Authors: Kepnes Steven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis essay is my contribution to the project of reviving Jewish theology as an enterprise in which language and thought make positive statements about God. This project is necessitated by what I see as the failures of the negative or “apophatic theologies” of postmodernism to generate and support a vibrant Jewish religious life. My strategy is to retrieve from medieval philosophy what I call a “soft metaphysics” as a framework and series of axioms for thought and practice rather than the demonstration of universal propositions of truth. I then turn to the Hebrew Bible for a textual hermeneutics and a “practical metaphysics” in which theology is tasked with attending to the needs of the human spiritual life.
Osteohistology and taphonomy support social aggregation in the early ornithischian dinosaur Lesothosaurus diagnosticus
Authors: Botha Jennifer , Choiniere Jonah N. , Barrett Paul M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLesothosaurus diagnosticus is a small ornithischian dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Massospondylus Assemblage Zone of the upper Elliot Formation of the Karoo Basin of South Africa and Lesotho. The Early Jurassic age, comparatively large sample size, and multiple growth stages of Lesothosaurus make it an excellent taxon for investigating the plesiomorphic condition of ornithischian growth. Here, we examine the osteohistology of an ontogenetic series of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus using multiple limb elements to assess the maximum body size, life history, growth dynamics and potential for sociality in one of the earliest‐branching ornithischian dinosaurs. We found that Lesothosaurus grew rapidly during early and mid‐ontogeny (as shown by its highly vascularized woven‐parallel complex) with its growth rate decreasing between 2–4 years of age, possibly indicating the onset of reproductive maturity. However, an external fundamental system, indicating a cessation in growth, could not be confirmed in any of the individuals studied, suggesting that at 6 years of age, this taxon was still not fully grown. The presence of multiple individuals of varying ontogenetic stages in a monodominant bone bed strongly suggests that it lived in multigenerational herds, indicating that, along with the Venezuelan Laquintasaura venezuelae, social behaviour developed very early in ornithischian evolutionary history.