bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex/gender‐blind training maintains and creates inequity
Authors: Kroese Ingeborg C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs training theory and practice may not sufficiently recognize the role and impact of sex and gender, this study aims to understand to what extent current corporate training practices fulfill expectations of gender equity and inclusion. This qualitative case study is based on three international training programs, in the Netherlands, the USA, and the UK, respectively, designed by a multinational corporation. The methods include an extensive training document analysis and semi‐structured interviews with training participants, organizers, and trainers. The thematic and gender subtext analyses highlight how the discourse of sex/gender‐blindness in training not only risks maintaining the status quo of under‐representation of women but can also produce sex/gender inequity. The results indicate that training organizers and providers may not feel equipped to recognize and address the role of sex/gender. Future training research, theory, and practice should acknowledge and reflect on the impact of sex/gender, and sex/gender equity should be integrated into program design and delivery.
Design of Eu2+‐activated broadband orange‐emitting phosphors with excellent luminescent performance for warm WLEDs
Authors: Sun Wenzhi , Fan Liyan , Zhang Xinxin , Wei Denghu , Jiao Mengmeng , Xu Wenlong , Zhang Hongwu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe report orange‐emitting Sr8La0.5Na0.5Mg1.5(PO4)7:Eu2+ (SLNMPO‐0.5:Eu2+) and Sr7LaNaMg1.5(PO4)7:Eu2+ (SLNMPO‐1:Eu2+) phosphors with broad emission bands covering from 450 to 800 nm. The phosphors can be excited by n‐ultraviolet and blue light efficiently. Their crystal structure, diffuse reflection spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, fluorescence decay curves and thermal stability were investigated systematically. Under the excitation of 365 and 400 nm, SLNMPO‐0.5:Eu2+ and SLNMPO‐1:Eu2+ both exhibit better PL properties and contain more red emissions than SMPO:Eu2+. CIE coordinates of SLNMPO‐0.5:Eu2+ and SLNMPO‐1:Eu2+ under 365 nm excitation are (0.460, 0.497) and (0.457, 0.494), respectively. Furthermore, high‐quality warm white light can be generated by fabricating warm white light‐emitting diode (WLED) devices with 370 nm LED chips, BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ commercial blue phosphor and orange‐emitting SLNMPO‐0.5:Eu2+ (or SLNMPO‐1:Eu2+) phosphor. The correlated color temperature, Ra and color coordinates are 3880 K, 94.05, (0.3895, 0.3922) and 3736 K, 91.73, (0.4005, 0.4078) for the fabricated WLED devices with SLNMPO‐0.5:Eu2+ and SLNMPO‐1:Eu2+, respectively. The excellent performances indicate that SLNMPO‐0.5:Eu2+ and SLNMPO‐1:Eu2+ have great potential to be attractive candidates in the application of warm WLEDs.
Robustness of Bergmann’s and Rapoport’s rules to different geographical range estimates in New World pit vipers
Authors: Ten Caten Cleber , Lima‐Ribeiro Matheus Souza , Yañez‐Arenas Carlos , Villalobos Fabricio , Díaz‐Gamboa Luis , Terribile Levi Carina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimBergmann's and Rapoport's rules are two ecogeographical patterns that predict an increase in species body size and range size, respectively, with increasing latitudes. Here, we evaluated whether using different geographical range estimates affects the assessment of Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules at the cross‐species and assemblage levels in New World pit vipers.LocationNew World.TaxonNew World pit vipers (Crotalinae).MethodsWe estimated geographical ranges for 135 (i.e. ≈93%) Crotalinae species using ecological niche modelling (ENM) and expert maps and assessed alternative hypotheses that could account for Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules. We evaluated both rules using ‘cross‐species’ (i.e. species as units of observation) and ‘assemblage’ (i.e. sites/grid cells as units of observation) approaches. We used phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) analyses and generalized least squares (GLS) analyses to account for phylogenetic and spatial autocorrelation that could affect the evaluation of these rules at the cross‐species and assemblage levels, respectively.ResultsExpert maps differed significantly from ENM ranges. The cross‐species approach was robust to these different range estimates when Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules were evaluated. The assemblage analyses were more vulnerable to different range estimates, where contrasting results were observed in the assessment of Bergmann's rule but not in the evaluation of Rapoport's rule.Main ConclusionsDifferent geographical range estimates affected mainly the assessment of ecogeographical rules at the assemblage level, whereas the cross‐species analyses were more robust. However, this increased susceptibility of the assemblage approach to different range estimates was only observed when evaluating Bergmann's rule. Thus, our findings suggest that ecogeographical rules can have different levels of sensitivity to different range estimates, which can especially affect the assemblage‐level assessment of these ecogeographical patterns.
Procedural knowledge acquisition in a second‐year nursing course. Effectiveness of a digital video‐based collaborative learning‐by‐design activity using hypervideo
Authors: Evi‐Colombo Alessia , Cattaneo Alberto , Bétrancourt Mireille 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundWhile the use of digital technologies in collaborative design tasks have gained acceptance amongst educational researchers and instructors, few studies have analysed the application of video‐supported collaborative learning‐by‐design (VSC‐LBD) in the authentic setting of professional education and training.ObjectivesThis study on VSC‐LBD investigated the learning processes and outcomes of nursing students who collaboratively used a hypervideo authoring tool to learn the procedure about urinary catheter insertion. We hypothesized that the students who collaboratively used a hypervideo authoring tool to learn about a professional procedure would outperform those exposed to a traditional lesson on the same procedure. Further, we assumed that the students who created an instructional video from scratch would obtain higher learning scores than those who worked on existing footage.MethodsParticipants (N = 60) worked in groups and were assigned to three conditions: in the first each group recorded a video while simulating the procedure and then turned the footage into a hypervideo (VSC‐LBD1); in the second condition each group already received the raw video to turn it into a hypervideo (VSC‐LBD1); in the third participants attended a traditional lesson (control). Pre‐ and post‐tests measured procedural knowledge acquisition. The co‐regulation episodes within the groups that produced the best and worst videos were assessed and measured.Results and ConclusionsThe students in the two VSC‐LBD conditions significantly outperformed those in the control condition. No differences were found between making an original video and using existing footage. More co‐regulatory processing episodes were found in the best video group compared to the other groups.TakeawaysThis study supports theoretical assumptions on the value of VSC‐LBD in authentic learning environments and provide useful information to instructors willing to adopt collaborative use of interactive video tools.
Analysing adaptive scaffolds that help students develop self‐regulated learning behaviours
Authors: Munshi Anabil , Biswas Gautam , Baker Ryan , Ocumpaugh Jaclyn , Hutt Stephen , Paquette Luc 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundProviding adaptive scaffolds to help learners develop effective self‐regulated learning (SRL) behaviours has been an important goal for intelligent learning environments. Adaptive scaffolding is especially important in open‐ended learning environments (OELE), where novice learners often face difficulties in completing their learning tasks.ObjectivesThis paper presents a systematic framework for adaptive scaffolding in Betty's Brain, a learning‐by‐teaching OELE for middle school science, where students construct a causal model to teach a virtual agent, generically named Betty. We evaluate the adaptive scaffolding framework and discuss its implications on the development of more effective scaffolds for SRL in OELEs.MethodsWe detect key cognitive/metacognitive inflection points, that is, moments where students' behaviours and performance change during learning, often suggesting an inability to apply effective learning strategies. At inflection points, Mr. Davis (a mentor agent in Betty's Brain) or Betty (the teachable agent) provides context‐specific conversational feedback, focusing on strategies to help the student become a more productive learner, or encouragement to support positive emotions. We conduct a classroom study with 98 middle schoolers to analyse the impact of adaptive scaffolds on students' learning behaviours and performance. We analyse how students with differential pre‐to‐post learning outcomes receive and use the scaffolds to support their subsequent learning process in Betty's Brain.Results and ConclusionsAdaptive scaffolding produced mixed results, with some scaffolds (viz., strategic hints that supported debugging and assessment of causal models) being generally more useful to students than others (viz., encouragement prompts). Additionally, there were differences in how students with high versus low learning outcomes responded to some hints, as suggested by the differences in their learning behaviours and performance in the intervals after scaffolding. Overall, our findings suggest how adaptive scaffolding in OELEs like Betty's Brain can be further improved to better support SRL behaviours and narrow the learning outcomes gap between high and low performing students.ImplicationsThis paper contributes to our understanding and impact of adaptive scaffolding in OELEs. The results of our study indicate that successful scaffolding has to combine context‐sensitive inflection points with conversational feedback that is tailored to the students' current proficiency levels and needs. Also, our conceptual framework can be used to design adaptive scaffolds that help students develop and apply SRL behaviours in other computer‐based learning environments.
Cardiometabolic risk reductions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus newly treated with a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor versus a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor: A real‐world administrative database study in Japan
Authors: Kashiwagi Atsunori , Shoji Shingo , Kosakai Yoshinori , Koga Tadashi , Asakawa Keiko , Rokuda Mitsuhiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAims/IntroductionSodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have shown beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, systolic blood pressure) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We compared combined cardiometabolic effects of SGLT2i on hemoglobin A1c, body mass index and systolic blood pressure versus dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP4i) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsThis Japanese retrospective cohort study used the JMDC claims database. Patients newly treated with an SGLT2i (n = 18,936) or DPP4i (n = 55,484) were enrolled (January 2015–March 2020) and matched 1:1 using the propensity score. The primary end‐point was the proportion of patients achieving a composite outcome (i.e., simultaneous absolute/percent reduction in hemoglobin A1c ≥0.5%, body mass index ≥3% and systolic blood pressure ≥2 mmHg) 1 year after first SGLT2i or DPP4i prescription; Mantel–Haenszel common risk difference and its 95% confidence interval were estimated. Other end‐points included treatment persistence, with the associated hazard ratio calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsAfter matching, patient characteristics were balanced (7,302 patients each). The proportion of patients achieving the composite outcome was significantly greater in patients receiving an SGLT2i than those receiving a DPP4i (31.0% [1,279/4,120] vs 12.9% [524/4,070], risk difference 18.6%, 95% confidence interval 16.3, 20.9, P < 0.001). Risk of treatment discontinuation was significantly lower in the SGLT2i group than in the DPP4i group (hazard ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.81, 0.90, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn the present study, SGLT2i showed favorable cardiometabolic risk reduction and longer treatment persistence than DPP4i in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Long‐term persistence of exaggerated ornaments under Fisherian runaway despite costly mate search
Authors: Waffender Anna , Henshaw Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractExaggerated ornaments often evolve due to the mating preferences of the opposite sex. Genetic correlations between preferences and ornaments can lead both traits to elaborate dramatically in tandem, in a process known as ‘Fisherian runaway’. However, in most previous models of Fisherian runaway, elaborate ornaments are not expected to persist when preferences are consistently costly to the choosing sex. In contrast, we show here that exaggerated male ornaments can be maintained long term even when females must pay a cost to choose their mates. Preferences per se are not costly in our model, but females can only act on their preferences by investing resources in mate search. We predict that mate search effort should decrease with the cost of sampling additional mates and increase with the number of possible ornaments that females can choose from. The potential for multiple exaggerated ornaments to coexist depends on subtleties of their cost structure: strict trade‐offs (additive costs) favour sequential ornament evolution, whereas looser trade‐offs (multiplicative costs) allow for coexistence. Lastly, we show that pleiotropy affecting both ornaments and preferences makes it difficult for Fisherian runaway to initiate, increasing the evolutionary time until ornamentation. Our model highlights the important but neglected role of mate search effort in sexual selection.
Female‐limited responses in remating rate and mating duration in the experimental evolution of a beetle Callosobruchus chinensis
Authors: Kyogoku Daisuke , Dobata Shigeto , Takashima Rui , Sota Teiji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMating rate optima often differ between the sexes: males may increase their fitness by multiple mating, but for females multiple mating confers little benefit and can often be costly (especially in taxa without nuptial gifts or mala parental care). Sexually antagonistic evolution is thus expected in traits related to mating rates under sexual selection. This prediction has been tested by multiple studies that applied experimental evolution technique, which is a powerful tool to directly examine the evolutionary consequences of selection. Yet, the results so far only partly support the prediction. Here, we provide another example of experimental evolution of sexual selection, by applying it for the first time to the mating behaviour of a seed beetle Callsorobruchus chinensis. We found a lower remating rate in polygamy‐line females than in monogamy‐line (i.e. no sexual selection) females after 21 generations of selection. Polygamy‐line females also showed a longer duration of first mating than monogamy‐line females. We found no effect of male evolutionary lines on the remating rate or first mating duration. Though not consistent with the original prediction, the current and previous studies collectively suggest that the observed female‐limited responses may be a norm, which is also consistent with the conceptual advances in the last two decades of the advantages and limitations of experimental evolution technique.
A comparative study of bank efficiency in three Chinese regions: Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macao
Authors: Gu Xinhua , Lian Zhaotong , Peng Lei , Zhao Qingbin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe conduct a bank efficiency comparison among three Chinese regions: Mainland China (CN), Hong Kong (HK), and Macao (MO). Specifically, we investigate the reasons for efficiency differences observed in the three regions from within‐region and cross‐region perspectives. We show that HK and MO maintain stable bank performance over time that lies within the developed‐economy range of efficiency levels. CN used to be well below this range but has been catching up so quickly that efficiency convergence in the three regions seems to be underway. We find that the determinants of bank efficiencies in the three Chinese jurisdictions are similar in some aspects but different in others. Most significant are their similarities in the effects of interest rate differentials, forex reserve accumulations, bank capital positions, interbank financing opportunities, and liquidity mismatch problems. Also important are their differences in the effects of bank size, revenue diversification, government ownership, property, and stock market development.
Encapsulation of chia (Salvia hispanica) oil on an industrial scale to protect the omega‐3 against ultra‐high‐temperature (UHT) damage and lipid oxidation
Authors: Rodrigues Juliana Burger , Prata Ana Silvia , Bollini Helena Maria André 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChia oil has a high content of α‐linolenic acid that is susceptible to oxidation and can hamper its application in thermally processed food. A complex coacervation was tested as an alternative to minimize the impact of processing on chia oil quality. These particles were also produced on an industrial scale and had no chemical or enzymatic cross‐linking. Instead, gradual ethanol baths were used for matrix solidification. The particles produced with gelatin and gum Arabic (4%wt. of polymers) had 84.66% of encapsulation efficiency, with an average size of 27.9 μm, and they resisted the oven drying process, fully recovering their original shape after the rehydration process. These particles were added to chocolate milk, which was submitted to an ultra‐high‐temperature treatment. Morphological analysis revealed the presence of whole particles in the milk after the heat treatment, indicating that these microparticles can withstand high temperatures and pressure. Monitoring the oxidative process in free chia oil and encapsulated chia oil samples showed that these particles were effective in protecting against lipid oxidation of the oil.Practical ApplicationsChia oil is a rich plant‐derivated source of omega‐3. As a sensitive component, it must be protected from being incorporated into food products. Many studies in the literature purpose encapsulation as a tool to overcome the sensitivity of such compounds, but there is no investigation of the resistance of the particle when submitted to industrial processing such as heat treatment. Here, chia oil was successfully encapsulated by complex coacervation on the biggest scale than normally is done, and the resistance of such particles in chocolate milk was proved after an industrial heat process (ultra‐high‐temperature treatment). This paper may give support to researchers or industry experts for product development.
Determinants of dietary diversity among children 6–23 months: a cross‐sectional study in three regions of Haiti
Authors: Sebai Ines , Decelles Stéphane , Batal Malek 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe prenatal, perinatal, postnatal and nutritional (A3PN) support study was a 4‐year initiative aimed to reduce maternal mortality in Haiti. A cross‐sectional study was developed to collect the baseline data for evaluation purposes of the A3PN. This study aimed to determine the factors contributing to dietary diversity (DD) in Haitian children aged 6–23 months.MethodsA cross‐sectional study during two seasons (the lean season and the harvest season) was carried out in Haiti to assess the DD of children and their mothers using non‐quantitative 24‐h recalls. Indicators of DD were minimum dietary diversity for children (MDD‐C) and minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD‐W). Mid‐upper arm circumference was measured in women and children, and food security was assessed using the Household Hunger Scale. Focus groups were also conducted to gain a better understanding of the quantitative findings.ResultsOnly 7.3% of the children included in this study met the MDD‐C. Factors associated with MDD‐C were the season (odds ratio [OR]: 0.141 [0.039–0.513]), land ownership or rental (OR: 4.603 [1.233–17.188]), maternal education (OR: 0.092 [0.011–0.749]), the mother's responsibility for the main or secondary source of income for the household (OR: 2.883 [1.030–8.069]) and her DD (OR: 5.690 [1.916–16.892]). Focus groups revealed the existence of various food restrictions.ConclusionsThe results indicated that the low prevalence of MDD‐C in three regions of study in Haiti is indicative of a serious public health concern that might be further aggravated by local food taboos. They also suggest that to fight against hunger, it is necessary to focus on women's well‐being.
Principal Portfolios
Authors: KELLY BRYAN , MALAMUD SEMYON , PEDERSEN LASSE HEJE 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTWe propose a new asset pricing framework in which all securities' signals predict each individual return. While the literature focuses on securities' own‐signal predictability, assuming equal strength across securities, our framework includes cross‐predictability—leading to three main results. First, we derive the optimal strategy in closed form. It consists of eigenvectors of a “prediction matrix,” which we call “principal portfolios.” Second, we decompose the problem into alpha and beta, yielding optimal strategies with, respectively, zero and positive factor exposure. Third, we provide a new test of asset pricing models. Empirically, principal portfolios deliver significant out‐of‐sample alphas to standard factors in several data sets.
Metabolic effects of kidney donation: A Bayesian analysis of matched cohorts
Authors: Wuttiputhanun Thunyatorn , Udomkarnjananun Suwasin , Hanprathet Nitt , Jiamjarasrangsi Wiroj , Townamchai Nattavudh , Avihingsanon Yingyos , Katavetin Pisut 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe kidney is a notable site of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation. Loss of a kidney after kidney donation might, therefore, affect the glucose and lipid metabolism of the donors. This matched cohort study investigated the effect of nephrectomy on glucose and lipid metabolisms using Bayesian hypothesis testing. There were 77 pairs of matched donor‐control pairs in the present study. Clinical and laboratory data of the participants, at baseline and 1‐year, were extracted from electronic medical records. Comparisons between donor and control groups were performed using the Bayesian independent samples t‐test or Bayesian Mann–Whitney test. The Bayes Factor for alternative hypothesis over null hypothesis (BF10) was used to compare the two competing hypotheses. The BF10 of 3 or more was considered evidence for the alternative hypothesis. Comparing changes from baseline to 1‐year between donors and controls, the BF10 of triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) index of insulin resistance, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were 7.95, 3.96, 30.13, and 1.32 x 1041, respectively signifying that the change of these variables in the donors differed from those in the controls (alternative hypothesis). Triglyceride, HDL‐C, and TyG index of the donors increased more than those of the controls while eGFR of the donor decreased more than that of the controls. Our data suggest that triglycerides and insulin resistance increase after donor nephrectomy. Kidney donors should be informed about these metabolic changes and should adhere to lifestyle recommendations that may mitigate insulin resistance.image