bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of ultrasound‐guided transbronchial lung biopsy in peripheral tuberculous pulmonary lesions
Authors: Zou Xingwu , Zhu Yanling , Hu Qin , Qi Qi , Hua Haibo , Fei Fan , Cai Qingshan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the diagnostic value of bronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial lung biopsy (EBUS‐TBLB) in tuberculous peripheral pulmonary lesions.MethodsA total of 770 patients who completed CT imaging and ultrasound bronchoscopy were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent biopsy sampling as well as alveolar lavage under the guidance of ultrasound. Pathological analysis and molecular biological detection of pulmonary tuberculosis were performed in both pathological tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the diagnostic positive rate and diagnostic sensitivity were statistically analyzed.ResultsOf the 44 patients who were found to have lesions by EBUS‐TBLB, 26 patients were able to achieve a definite diagnosis of PPLs, with an overall diagnostic yield of 59.1%. Of the 33 patients with all diagnosed benign lesions, 22 were diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis with the diagnostic yield of 66.7%. Among above 22 cases, the overall positive rate of BALF diagnosis was as high as 95.6%, and the highest diagnostic rate of a single test was BALF XpertMTB/RIF, 59.1%. Compared with pathological tissues, the diagnostic positive rate of BALF as a diagnostic specimen was higher (p < .05). In addition, the diagnostic yield of EBUS‐TBLB in pulmonary tuberculosis was not affected by patient's age, lesion extent size, EBUS probe position, presence or tracheal grade, or characteristics of lesions (all p > .05).ConclusionTransbronchial radial ultrasound‐guided lung biopsy of tuberculous PPLs possesses higher diagnostic rate, fewer complications and less interference, exerts potential application value in the diagnosis of tuberculous peripheral pulmonary lesions.
Prediction of soil water storage using temporal stability in different landscape positions on the northern loess plateau, China
Authors: Li Xuezhang , Shao Ming'an , Xu Xianli 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSoil water storage (SWS) dynamics are affected by many factors in semiarid regions such as the Loess Plateau. Spatiotemporal variation of SWS varies greatly with different landscape positions due to the rolling and fragmented terrain landscape of the Loess Plateau. However, information on the SWS and its temporal stability at different landscape positions is lacking. In this study, hillslope, dam land and gully landscape positions were selected in a typical small watershed in the Loess Plateau. A soil water observation belt with 28 sample locations was set up at each landscape position, and temporal stability analysis was conducted using SWS data of 12 sampling events. The results showed that the variation characteristics of profile SWS are influenced by landscape position. The persistence of spatial SWS patterns in different landscape positions increases with the increase of soil depth. On each landscape position, representative locations can accurately predict their SWS based on temporal stability analysis. Moreover, the stability of SWS at the representative locations was more important than its content during the prediction process. The dominant factors that lead to the difference of temporal stability characteristics in different landscape positions varied with the change in soil depths. The results provide an important basis for vegetation reconstruction and water management in small Loess Plateau watersheds.
Antitumor efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9–engineered ICP6 mutant herpes simplex viruses in a mouse xenograft model for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ni Longquan , Li Yi , Wu Ke , Deng Fei , Wang Hualin , Ning Yun‐Jia 
Published: August 2022

AbstractOncolytic viruses (OVs), including oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs), are promising therapeutics against cancer. Here, we report two ICP6‐mutated HSVs (type I) generated by CRISPR/Cas9, rHSV1/∆RR (with ICP6 ribonucleotide reductase [RR] domain deleted) and rHSV1/∆ICP6 (with a complete deletion of ICP6), exhibiting potent antitumor efficacy against lung adenocarcinoma. Both the mutants showed strong cytotoxicity in vitro, comparable with the control viruses expressing intact ICP6, but in relatively lower titers. Moreover, these mutant viruses exhibited preferential killing ability against lung tumor cells rather than normal lung fibroblast cells. Further, unlike the control HSV‐1 causing severe illness or death in the mouse model, the ICP6‐mutated viruses did not induce significant pathogenicity but instead effectively reduced tumor burden in vivo and led to 100% survival of the animals, indicating notable antitumor activity and attenuated virulence. In addition, rHSV1/∆RR seemed to have even better antitumor efficacy than rHSV1/∆ICP6, albeit no statistical significance in inhibition of tumor volume. Histopathologically, rHSV1/∆RR induced massive neutrophil infiltration to the tumor microenvironment and consistently, triggered more antitumor immune and neutrophil chemotactic cytokines or higher expression levels of them (indicated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and transcriptome analyses). These results demonstrate the anti‐adenocarcinoma potential of the CRISPR/Cas9‐engineered ICP6 mutant HSV1, especially the rHSV1/∆RR, which likely induces stronger innate antitumor immune response. Together, these findings may provide new valuable clues for further development of OV‐based therapeutics against lung adenocarcinoma or other types of tumors.
ELANE neutropenia and solid tumors: Four cases from the French severe chronic neutropenia registry
Authors: Donadieu Jean , Bou Mitri Fares , Beaupain Blandine , Alajidi Nathalie , Viallard Jean Francois , Paih Jean‐Philippe Le , Yacoub Mokrane , Leblanc Thierry , Quero Laurent , Rouland Alexia , Labbe Louis , Deback Claire , Bellanne‐Chantelot Christine , Emile Jean‐François 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNeutropenia related to ELANE gene mutations predisposes patients to infection and leukemia/myelodysplasia, but little is known about the predisposition to cancer. Among a cohort of 147 patients, we identified four with malignant solid tumors (papillary thyroid cancer, anal squamous cell cancer, papillary renal cell carcinoma, and adrenocortical carcinoma), all aged 25–50 years. Three occurred with cyclic neutropenia, and one occurred with severe chronic neutropenia. Previous radiotherapy was identified as a risk factor in one patient. No genetic predisposition was identified in the three other patients.
Fumarate‐co‐PEG‐co‐sebacate photopolymer and its evaluation as a drug release system
Authors: Vaillard Victoria A. , Trentino Alesandro I. , Navarro Lucila , Vaillard Santiago E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFumarate‐co‐PEG‐co‐sebacates with different fumaric/sebacic acid ratios are prepared by a simple thermal polycondensation reaction using p‐toluensulfonic acid as catalyst. These polymeric precursors are purified by washing with an appropriate organic solvent and the dried materials were photocured to yield elastic films under mild conditions. The properties of polymeric precursors and elastic materials are studied in detail and correlated with fumaric acid/sebacic acid ratios used in the thermal esterification reactions. It is shown that a higher amount of sebacic in the starting polymer leads to softer final film materials, with lower Tg and G' values, which also show higher degradation rates in vitro. Finally, the films are also evaluated as drug release carriers for in vitro release of Cephalexin and Progesterone. The results obtained in these studies indicate that the careful tailoring of the fumaric acid/sebacic acid ratio in the esterification reaction allows to finely tune the thermal, mechanical a degradation properties of the final cross‐linked elastic films.
Receiving the Enemy: Involuntary Hospitality and Prisoners of War in Denmark and Sweden, 1700–1721
Authors: Blomqvist Olof 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis chapter studies how host communities in the Danish town of Aarhus and the Swedish town of Uppsala approached the question of providing security in everyday interaction with prisoners of war during the Great Northern War (1700–1721). Blomqvist argues that the prisoner policy of the Danish and Swedish crown tapped into established systems of public hospitality, modeled on the billeting of military personnel. The crown employed norms of hospitality to mobilize local resources for the war effort, delegating the cost of feeding and guarding the prisoners onto the host community. At the same time, negotiations between the state and the host community regarding the legitimacy of the prisoner policy redefined the very notions of hospitality. The prisoner policy relinquished the idea that public hospitality was founded on a fundamental solidarity between members of the community of the realm. Prisoners of war were entitled to hospitality, despite the fact that they were not members of the realm, but, quite the opposite, identified as enemies. Instead, the prisoners were expected to compensate their host by performing labor. Through service arrangements, the prisoners were formally placed in a subordinate position to their hosts and employers, expected to serve and obey. This negotiated hospitality served both as an integrative and an excluding force in the two towns.
A digital health program for treatment of urinary incontinence: retrospective review of real-world user data
Authors: Keyser Laura E. , McKinney Jessica L. , Pulliam Samantha J. , Weinstein Milena M. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis
To determine the effectiveness of a prescription digital therapeutic (pDTx) in reducing urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms in real-world users.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of real-world data from users of a pDTx designed to guide pelvic floor muscle training(PFMT) between July 1, 2020–December 31, 2021. The primary outcome was UI symptom change as reported via in-app Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6). Included subjects were female, ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of stress, urgency, or mixed UI who completed the UDI-6 at baseline and 8 weeks. Demographic, symptom, and adherence data were summarized. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze change in outcomes from baseline to 8 weeks across adherence and UI diagnosis groups.

Results
Of 532 women with UI, 265 (50%) met criteria and were included in the analysis. Mean age was 51.2 ± 11.5 years (range 22–84, N = 265). Mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.3 ± 6.2 kg/m2 (range 15.2–46.9, N = 147). Most participants had stress UI (59%) followed by mixed UI (22%), urgency UI/OAB (11%), and unspecified UI (8%). UDI-6 scores improved by 13.90 ± 15.53 (p ≤ 0.001); 62% met or exceeded MCID. Device-reported PFMT adherence was 72% at 4 weeks and 66% at 8 weeks (100% = 14 uses/week). Participants in each diagnosis category reported significant improvement on UDI-6 score from baseline to 8 weeks. No association between UDI-6 score improvement and adherence category, age, BMI, or UI subtype was identified.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates effectiveness of a pDTx in reducing UI symptoms in a real-world setting. Users achieved statistically and clinically significant symptom improvement over an 8-week period.
Efficacy and safety of 1565-nm non-ablative fractional laser versus long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser in treating enlarged facial pores
Authors: Wang Ying , Zheng Yuxin , Cai Suiqing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFacial pores are visible openings of pilosebaceous follicles, and they are one of the major factors influencing facial skin appearance. This article aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of 1565-nm non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) and long-pulsed 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser (LPNY) in treating enlarged facial pores. All subjects were treated with NAFL on their left faces and LPNY on their right. Five treatments were administered at 2-week intervals, with one follow-up session 2 months after the final treatment. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by subjective (pore improvement and subject satisfaction ratings) assessments and objective (pore number) assessments. At each appointment, any side effects or complications were recorded to evaluate the safety of the two lasers. A total of 18 individuals participated in this study. At the 2-month follow-up, NAFL and LPNY sides had significant reduction in pores (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean number of pore reductions on either side (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in pore improvement ratings and satisfaction ratings between the two sides (p > 0.05 and p > 0.05, respectively). Both lasers showed minimal side effects. Both lasers effectively treated enlarged facial pores and were well tolerated. The side effects of the 1064-nm LPNY were less severe than those of the 1565-nm NAFL. ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT05360043.
Cardiotoxicity among socioeconomically marginalized breast cancer patients
Authors: Lu Yan , Gehr Aaron W. , Anikpo Ifedioranma , Meadows Rachel J. , Craten Kevin J. , Narra Kalyani , Lingam Anuradha , Kamath Sandeep , Tanna Bhavna , Ghabach Bassam , Ojha Rohit P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Evidence of cardiotoxicity risk related to anthracycline or trastuzumab exposure is largely derived from breast cancer cohorts that under-represent socioeconomically marginalized women, who may be at increased risk of cardiotoxicity because of high prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Therefore, we aimed to estimate cardiotoxicity risk among socioeconomically marginalized breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclines or trastuzumab and describe clinical consequences of cardiotoxicity.

Methods
We linked electronic health records with institutional registry data from a Comprehensive Community Cancer Program within a safety-net health system. Eligible patients were adult females, diagnosed with first primary invasive breast cancer between 2013 and 2017, and initiated anthracyclines or trastuzumab as part of first-line therapy. We estimated cumulative incidence (risk) of cardiotoxicity with corresponding 95% confidence limits (CL) using the Aalen-Johansen estimator with death as competing risk.

Results
Our study population comprised 169 women with breast cancer (103 initiated anthracyclines and 66 initiated trastuzumab). Cumulative incidence of cardiotoxicity was 21% (95% CL: 12%, 32%) at one year and 25% (95% CL: 15%, 35%) at three years among women who initiated trastuzumab, whereas cumulative incidence was 3.9% (95% CL: 1.3%, 8.9%) at one year and 5.9% (95% CL: 2.4%, 12%) at three years among women who initiated anthracyclines. More than half of patients with cardiotoxicity experienced interruption of cancer treatment.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest high risk of cardiotoxicity among socioeconomically marginalized breast cancer patients after initiation of anthracyclines or trastuzumab. Strategies are needed for optimizing cancer treatment effectiveness while minimizing cardiotoxicity in this population.
Effects of long-term ethanol storage of blood samples on the estimation of telomere length
Authors: Precioso Marta , Molina-Morales Mercedes , Dawson Deborah A. , Burke Terry A. , Martínez Juan G. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTelomeres, DNA structures located at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes, shorten with each cellular cycle. The shortening rate is affected by factors associated with stress, and, thus telomere length has been used as a biomarker of ageing, disease, and different life history trade-offs. Telomere research has received much attention in the last decades, however there is still a wide variety of factors that may affect telomere measurements and to date no study has thoroughly evaluated the possible long-term effect of a storage medium on telomere measurements. In this study we evaluated the long-term effects of ethanol on relative telomere length (RTL) measured by qPCR, using blood samples of magpies collected over twelve years and stored in absolute ethanol at room temperature. We firstly tested whether storage time had an effect on RTL and secondly we modelled the effect of time of storage (from 1 to 12 years) in differences in RTL from DNA extracted twice in consecutive years from the same blood sample. We also tested whether individual amplification efficiencies were influenced by storage time, and whether this could affect our results. Our study provides evidence of an effect of storage time on telomere length measurements. Importantly, this effect shows a pattern of decreasing loss of telomere sequence with storage time that stops after approximate 4 years of storage, which suggests that telomeres may degrade in blood samples stored in ethanol. Our method to quantify the effect of storage time could be used to evaluate other storage buffers and methods. Our results highlight the need to evaluate the long-term effects of storage on telomere measurements, particularly in long-term studies.
Left Behind and United by Populism? Populism’s Multiple Roots in Feelings of Lacking Societal Recognition
Authors: Steiner Nils D. , Schimpf Christian H. , Wuttke Alexander 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA prominent but underspecified explanation for the rise of populism points to individuals’ feelings of being “left behind” by the development of society. At its core lies the claim that support for populism is driven by the feeling of lacking the societal recognition one deserves. Our contribution builds on the insight that individuals can feel they lack recognition in different ways and for different reasons. We argue that—because of this multifaceted character—the common perception of being neglected by society unites otherwise heterogeneous segments of the population in their support for populism. Relying on data from the German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES) Pre-Election Cross-Section 2021, our preregistered study investigated the multiple roots of populist attitudes in feelings of lacking societal recognition in two steps. First, our results indicate that, from rural residents to sociocultural conservatives or low-income citizens, seemingly unrelated segments of society harbor feelings of lacking recognition, but for distinct reasons. Second, as anticipated, each of the distinct feelings of lacking recognition are associated with populist attitudes. These findings underscore the relevance of seemingly unpolitical factors that are deeply ingrained in the human psyche for understanding current populist sentiment. Overall, by integrating previously disparate perspectives on the rise of populism, the study offers a novel conceptualization of “feeling left behind” and explains how populism can give rise to unusual alliances that cut across traditional cleavages.
Wie bewerten begabte und leistungsstarke Jugendliche in separaten Spezialklassen ihren Unterricht? Unterrichtsqualität in Deutsch und Mathematik in der Sekundarstufe
Authors: Vock Miriam , Gronostaj Anna , Kretschmann Julia , Westphal Andrea 
Published: August 2022

ZusammenfassungLeistungsstarke und besonders begabte Schüler*innen werden im Unterricht oft nicht genügend gefordert. In speziellen Klassen für besonders Leistungsstarke und Begabte kann der Unterricht stärker auf die Lernmöglichkeiten dieser Gruppe zugeschnitten werden. Spezialklassen gelten insgesamt als leistungsförderlich, Studien zur Unterrichtsqualität sind bisher jedoch rar. In dieser Studie wird untersucht, wie Schüler*innen der Leistungs- und Begabungsklassen (LuBK) im Land Brandenburg die Qualität ihres Unterrichts in Deutsch und Mathematik im Vergleich zu Schüler*innen von Regelklassen einschätzen. Die Datenbasis bildenN = 3371 Schüler*innen der 8. und 10. Jahrgangsstufe aus 33 Schulen. Mittels Fragebögen wurden Merkmale der Unterrichtsqualität nach dem QuAIT-Modell erfragt; die Datenanalyse erfolgte mit regressionsanalytischen Mehrebenenmodellen. Die Schüler*innen der LuBK bewerten die Qualität ihres Unterrichts überwiegend positiver als die Schüler*innen der Regelklassen, Defizite zeigen sich jedoch in beiden Klassentypen bei den Qualitätsmerkmalen der inneren Differenzierung und der Mitsprache bei Unterrichtsthemen.
How to improve superlubricity performance of diketone at steel interface: Effects of oxygen gas
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Chen Lei , Xiao Chen , Zhang Shumin , Zhang Chenhui , Zhou Ningning , Qin Tao , Qian Linmao , Zhang Jiyang 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAchievement of steady and reliable super-low friction at the steel/steel contact interface, one of the most tribological systems applied for mechanical moving parts, is of importance for prolonging machine lifetime and reducing energy consumption. Here we reported that the superlubricity performance of the steel/steel sliding interface lubricated with tiny amounts of diketone solution strongly depends on the oxygen content in surrounding environment. The increase of oxygen not only significantly shortens the initial running-in time but also further reduces the stable coefficient of friction in superlubricity stage due to the enhancement of tribochemical reactions. On the one hand, more severe oxidation wear occurring at higher oxygen content facilitates material removal of the contact interface, lowering the contact pressure and the corresponding initial friction. On the other hand, the growth of iron ions during the shear process in high oxygen environment promotes the formation of chelate which acted as an effective lubricated film chemisorbed at the steel/steel friction interface to further lower the interfacial friction. The results provide a new opportunity to further optimize the tribological performance of diketone superlubricity system, especially towards the lubrication of mechanical engineering materials.
Degree sequences of sufficiently dense random uniform hypergraphs
Authors: Greenhill Catherine , Isaev Mikhail , Makai Tamás , McKay Brendan D. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe find an asymptotic enumeration formula for the number of simple
$r$
-uniform hypergraphs with a given degree sequence, when the number of edges is sufficiently large. The formula is given in terms of the solution of a system of equations. We give sufficient conditions on the degree sequence which guarantee existence of a solution to this system. Furthermore, we solve the system and give an explicit asymptotic formula when the degree sequence is close to regular. This allows us to establish several properties of the degree sequence of a random
$r$
-uniform hypergraph with a given number of edges. More specifically, we compare the degree sequence of a random
$r$
-uniform hypergraph with a given number edges to certain models involving sequences of binomial or hypergeometric random variables conditioned on their sum.