bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposed Points of Agreement on Breeder Protection
Authors: Munger Henry M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The following statements were written in the hope of expediting discussion at the session in Davis, California on August 18, 1968 on “Plant Patents and Alternate Methods of Breeder Protection.” All except 5(e) were distributed to the four panel members in advance of the meeting. Three indicated their agreement with them and the fourth offered no dissent. Copies were distributed at the meeting and while no vote was taken, there appeared to be general agreement on the statements. In addition, several spoke in favor of, and none against, adding an additional point which is listed here as 5(e).
Potassium Nutrition of Subtropical Fruits
Authors: Jones W. W. , Embleton T. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
By far the most important subtropical fruit is citrus and the most widely grown citrus is the sweet orange. Lemon and grapefruit also are important citrus species. Other important subtropical fruits are dates, figs, and olives. Tropical fruits are most numerous in kinds, and a few, such as the avocado, litchi and mango are grown on a commercial scale in the subtropical regions. Others, such as bananas, pineapples, coffee, and papaya, are strictly tropical. It is not an uncommon practice to apply K, but it is done in many cases without a demonstrated need. With the realization of the broad effects of K, such a practice should not be followed, but K level should be adjusted to give optimum response for both quality and yield. For this diagnostic methods and standards are required.
Potassium Nutrition of Woody Ornamental Plants
Authors: Davidson Harold 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
When one searches the literature for information pertaining to the nutrition of woody ornamental plants it soon becomes obvious that there has not been too much published in this field. And most of the experimental work on the nutrition of trees has been concerned with varying combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Also, most of the work that is reported was done in the field, either to trees growing in the landscape or in nurseries and as a result most of the studies report a positive response only to the application of nitrogen and little or no response to the application of phosphorus or potassium. A brief review of some of the literature on fertilizer experiments is contained in the works of Wikle (18) and Himeleck (9). Since this symposium is concerned with potassium in horticulture, I will confine most of my remarks to the place that this mineral element has on the growth and development of woody ornamental plants.
The Effect of Vernalization and Photoperiod on Flowering of Tall Bearded Irises1,2
Authors: Buxton J. W. , Mohr H. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Two varieties of tall bearded iris, ‘Color Carnival’ and ‘First Violet’, were grown at minimum temperatures above 20° F throughout the fall and winter months. Groups of these plants were transferred periodically to a 65° house where they received either long or short-day treatments. Plants of ‘Color Carnival’ flowered under long days, regardless of the length of the vernalization period; under short days, some flowering occurred if the plants received more than 8 weeks of vernalization. Plants receiving 16 or more weeks of vernalization flowered equally well under long days or short days. Plants of ‘First Violet’ did not flower under flowering did not occur until the plants had long days unless the plants had received 16 or more weeks of vernalization; under short days received 20 or more weeks of vernalization. The longer the plants had been held at the minimum temperature, the shorter the time required for flowering after being transferred to 65°.
New Vegetable Varieties List XVI1
Authors: _ _ , Barnes W. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fifteen prior lists of new vegetable varieties introduced since 1936 were published in Vols. 63, 65, 67, 69, 70, 75, 77, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, and 92 of Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science.
The following abbreviations are used: Exp. desig.-experimental designation; orig.-originated at or by; intr.-introduced by; par.-parentage or parents; char.-outstanding characteristics; res.-resistant to; sim.--similar to or resembles; sel.-selection or selected; sl.-slight or slightly; adapt.-adapted to or adaptation.
Evaporative Cooling Techniques for Regulating Plant Water Stress
Authors: Carolus Robert L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The water stress or “potential” (6) of a plant is dependent on both the level of available soil moisture and the atmospheric stress. Atmospheric stress increases with increase in air temperature, in radiant energy which influences plant temperature, and in air movement which influences plant temperature and relative humidity near the stomatal openings on leaf surfaces. Atmospheric stress decreases with an increase in relative humidity. Under satisfactory light and nutrient conditions, the level of water stress in a plant is the dominant factor controlling growth and many aspects of plant development. The optimum level of available soil moisture for the most satisfactory growth, development and quality of a crop is not a fixed value but varies with and is dependent on the climatic parameters that influence water stress.
Cranberry Growth and Composition as Influenced by Nitrogen Treatment1
Authors: Eck Paul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Increasing rates of N fertilizer from 16 to 64 lbs. of N/acre were associated with increased vine growth, and increased upright length in ‘Early Black’ cranberry. N content of stem tissue averaged 0.40%, runner leaves ranged from 0.92 to 1.09% N, fruiting uprights from 0.84 to 1.04% N, and non-fruiting uprights from 0.89 to 1.10% N. Leaf and upright N composition were highly correlated to N rate but stem N content did not correlate with N level. N content of runner leaves correlated best with vegetative growth. A significant quadratic component of the regression of N content of runner leaves upon upright length and of N content of fruiting uprights on runner production suggested that excessive vegetative growth may have influenced N composition in these tissues through a dilution mechanism.
The Influence of Gibberellin A3 (GA3) on Fruit of the Highbush Blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. ‘Jersey’1
Authors: Hooks R. F. , Kenworthy A. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
GA3 (0, 250, and 500 ppm) was applied at 75% full bloom to blueberry bushes caged with and without bees and to open pollinated bushes. GA3 significantly increased fruit yield per bush, reduced seed wt per fruit, and increased the rate of berry enlargement as compared to fruit not pollinated. No effect was observed on soluble solids and titratable acidity. GA3 appeared to substitute for the effect of pollination and fertilization.
Inhibition of Flowering in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) by Gibberellic Acid1
Authors: Kachru Raj B. , Singh R. N. , Chacko Elias K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) at concn of 10−1, 10−2m applied on the buds of “on” year ‘Dashehari’ mango tree just before flower bud differentiation, inhibited flowering 95% and 75%, respectively. Concn of 10−3 and 10−4m inhibited flowering to a much lesser extent, but delayed the emergence of panicles by nearly 2 weeks.
Introduction to the Symposium
Authors: Moore J. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Fruit crops may be classified into 3 categories according to their temperature requirements for successful culture. Some fruits, such as banana, mango, and papaya, are classed as tropical fruits and cannot be grown in areas where temperatures approach freezing. They may, in fact, be damaged by temperatures well above freezing. Subtropical fruits, including oranges, lemons, avocados, figs and dates, can withstand more cold than the tropical fruits. They may, under certain conditions, endure temperatures slightly below freezing. The temperate fruits, such as apple, peach, grape, blueberry, and blackberry enter a rest period at the onset of cold weather and can withstand very cold temperatures while dormant. However, certain minimum amouts of winter cold are required for breaking the rest period and allowing normal growth and development the following spring. This requirement of a cold-induced rest period break makes temperate fruits unadapted to tropical climates.
Breeding Rubus for Warm Climates1
Authors: Sherman W. B. , Sharpe R. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Temperate climate blackberries and raspberries exhibit weak growth and sparse fruiting in Florida (6, 8) because insufficient chilling in winter is obtained for normal termination of rest. Florida's native blackberries have been harvested since pioneer days for jams, pies, and fresh use, but this industry has remained very small. Rubus breeding was initiated at the University of Florida in 1953 to produce better bramble cultivars adapted for growing in warmer climates. Few introduced species and cultivars have an inherent low chilling requirement with sufficient winter cold hardiness to survive in Florida. Native types produce small berries with fruit quality below commercial acceptability. Moreover, lack of flavor is recognized as a limiting factor in most of the low chilling germplasm, especially in the trailing blackberries and ‘Mysore’ raspberry. Two reviewers of the Rubus project, G. M. Darrow, 1957, and I. C. Haut, 1958, suggested that major efforts should be made to combine features of high fruit quality from the non-adapted temperate zone varieties with climatically adapted local types.
Infeasibility of Irradiating Fresh Fruits and Vegetables1
Authors: Maxie E. C. , Sommer N. F. , Mitchell F. G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Since World War II, the news media have occasionally carried stories claiming unusually long shelf lives for irradiated fruits and vegetables, often at room temperature. The biochemistry and physiology of senescence make these claims biologically absurd. True, an uncritical review of the “scientific” literature prior to 1964 might have led one to believe that irradiation had a commercial potential for a wide variety of commodities. Many studies were of questionable validity, however. Products were sealed in airtight containers, physiological state (maturity) was ignored, quality evaluation was ignored or at best subjective, sample size was inadequate for statistical treatment, dosimetry was not reliably determined, geometry of radiation distribution into the product seemed highly variable, pathological studies were not quantitative, and often not even qualitative, and experiments were stationary, precluding exposure of the commodity to the injury associated with transport and marketing. Our studies, in contrast, covering 15 years and designed to avoid these criticisms, have led us to conclude that irradiation has technical promise for but few commodities‐‐and that economic feasibility reduces possible application even further.
Some Physiological Effects of Succinic Acid-2,2-Dimethylhydrazide and Ethylene on Immature ‘McIntosh’ Apple Fruits1
Authors: Looney Norman E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) applied early in the season and ethylene applied postharvest were found to influence respiration and ethylene production by immature ‘McIntosh’ apples. Ethylene treatment increased respiration of SADH-treated and non-treated fruit equally until July, when SADH began to suppress this ethylene-induced effect. Only fruits treated with ethylene produced measurable quantities of ethylene and a peak in this response was apparent in fruits harvested in mid- to late June in each of the 2 seasons studied. SADH greatly suppressed this response to ethylene.
Tolerance of Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) to Alachlor and Two Fluorinated Pyridazinone Herbicides1
Authors: Devlin Robert M. , Demoranville I. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
2-Chloro-2, ‘6’-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide (alachlor), 4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluro-m-tolyl)-3 (2H) pyridazinone (SAN-6706), and 4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone (SAN-9789) were applied to ‘Early Black’ cranberry vines in the spring at rates of 8, 12, and 16 lb. active ingredient/acre. No phytotoxicity on vine growth or appearance was detected in the alachlor plots or in plots receiving lower rates (8 and 12 lb./acre) of SAN-6706 and SAN-9789 but the higher rate caused a temporary chlorosis at the base of the cranberry leaf blade. No significant differences were detected between untreated and treated berries in respect to yield and berry size, dry wt, pectin content, and anthocyanin development.
Preparing Graphic Materials for Publication1
Authors: Maxie E. C. , Edwards Don 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Communication of research results in an accurate, intelligible manner in as much a part of research project as the experiments themselves. Otherwise the task is incomplete and the cost unjustified. Hence, the quality of a manuscript destined for publication should receive as much attention as do the design and execution of experiments.
Space in journals is costly; the 70 sq inches of usable space on a page of HortScience costs $115—$1.64 per sq inch—when printing, mailing, reprint, and overhead costs are considered. These costs must be shared by the Society and the author of a paper, or his institution. Thus, papers should be planned to get the maximum amount of clear information into the least amount of space. Brevity and quality are not necessarily synonymous; neither are they incompatible
Influence of Light Sources and Intensities on Pot Plant Chrysanthemum Development1
Authors: Moon Robert E. , Payne R. N. , Morrison Robert D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Growth and flowering of pot chrysanthemums, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. cv. Neptune under total fluorescent lighting were comparable in quality to that of greenhouse grown plants. Daytime supplementary fluorescent light, in most cases, was not of significant benefit.
Effects of Ethephon and Benzimidazoles on Corm and Cormel Production by Gladiolus Cormels1
Authors: Magie R. O. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ten fungicidal treatments with and without 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) at 1000 ppm were applied to Fusarium-inoculated, dormant cormels by soaking or by vacuum infusion. Water-control treatments resulted in nearly complete disease loss by F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli Sny. & Hans. Treatments with 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole (TBZ) or methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate (benomyl) were effective in controlling the disease. Application of TBZ suspension by vacuum infusion increased corm and cormel production over the soak treatment. The effectiveness of TBZ was increased also by adding 100 ppm Ortho X-77 Spreader, or by adding phosphoric acid to dissolve the chemical at pH 3. The addition of ethephon increased corm production in the 10 treatments by 50% and cormel production by 90%. The increases in corm and cormel production were, respectively, 61 and 116% where ethephon was added to the most effective vacuum infusion treatments, namely: TBZ + X-77, TBZ + phosphoric acid, and benomyl + X-77 with or without dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
Synthesis and Biosynthesis of Ethylene
Authors: Lieberman Morris , Kunishi Alice 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Ethylene, a “broad spectrum” physiological agent in plant metabolism, has excited new interest in recent years following accumulation of evidence which places it in the category of a plant hormone. Every plant tissue produces ethylene and is influenced by ethylene at some stage in its life cycle; yet the origin of ethylene in plants and the pathways of its biosynthesis are for the most part still unknown. There has been much activity in this field in the past 6 years, and a great advance has been made in the discovery of a precursor of ethylene in metabolism (10). A number of ethylene-forming model systems were developed and these have led to proposals of enzymes, intermediates and pathways for ethylene biosynthesis in vivo. In this discussion I am going to consider these model systems and suggested pathways and evaluate their pertinance to ethylene biosynthesis in tissues.
Physiological Processes Involved in Abscission1
Authors: Leopold A. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The ability of plants to slough off organs by an active separation of cells seems to be distinctive to the higher plants. It is an adaptation which permits self-pruning of aged leaves, ripe fruits, or unset flowers and the lessening of the number of stem apices. The interest in abscission as an active physiological process is heightened by the fact that it is becoming increasingly important as agricultural technology requires increasing mechanization – witness the pressing need for regulation of defoliation, fruit thinning, and fruit abscission for mechanical harvesting. The body of literature on abscission has become very large (12), and it would seem to be useful to ask ourselves to define the morphological events involved in abscission, the principal regulatory agents involved, and the main cellular processes in abscission development.
Citrus Abscission1
Authors: Biggs R. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
During the last decade intensive research has been conducted on the phenomenon of organ abscission in plants, as evidenced by several reviews (5, 9, 10, 40) and this symposium. Abscission is of interest because, among other things, a knowledge of the processes involved gives insight into the metabolism of cell walls, the ramifications of which are well known. Horticulturists have an additional interest, for a basic knowledge of this process has application in fruit production programs.
Yield of Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as Influenced by 5-Chloro, 2-Thenyl, Tri-n-Butyl-Phosphoniumchloride1
Authors: Tompkins D. R. , Sistrunk W. A. , Fleming J. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A single foliar spray of 25 or 28 ppm 5-chloro,2-thenyl, tri-n-butyl-phosphoniumchloride (CTBP) when the first flowers opened increased yields of 2 cultivars planted in late summer and 2 of 4 cultivars planted in late spring, 1970. Yield increases were due to more pods. In general, CTBP treatments that increased yields did not influence seed and fiber development, shear press values, and color of 4-sieve and 5-sieve pods that were canned. Also, Ca, Mg, P, and K levels of 4-sieve, deseeded 5-sieve, and seeds from 5-sieve pods were not influenced by CTBP treatments.
Sawdust and Other Soil Substitutes and Amendments in Greenhouse Tomato Production1
Authors: Adamson R. M. , Maas E. F. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Additions of peat moss, sand, straw or sawdust were ineffective in increasing tomato yields in poorly aggregated greenhouse soils in Coastal British Columbia, but significant yield increases were obtained by growing the plants with nutrient solutions in soilless media. Although sand and a sand-sawdust mixture produced equally high yields, sawdust is commercially more practical due to lower cost and greater ease of handling but it requires more initial care to ensure continuous moisture availability for new transplants. Levels of essential elements required in nutrient solutions are given.
Abscisic Acid Levels in Peach Floral Cups1
Authors: Corgan J. N. , Martin George C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Peach floral cup extracts were assayed for an inhibiting substance thought to be abscisic acid (ABA) at weekly intervals from November 11, 1969 to February 17, 1970. Inhibitor levels fluctuated during rest, but were relatively high at the termination of the rest period. Inhibitor levels then decreased after the chilling requirement was satisfied. Floral cup growth during the rest period was an exponential function.
The Influence of Seed-Lot History on Sensitivity of Lettuce Seed to Temperature and Moisture Stress1
Authors: Pollock Bruce M. , Manalo J. R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Germination of some lots of lettuce seeds is strongly inhibited by slight moisture stress at 25°C but not at 20°. Under soil conditions, this sensitivity to moisture stress could be a factor in plant establishment.
Succinic Acid-2,2-Dimethylhydrazide (SADH) Prevents Whitefly Population Increase1
Authors: Tauber M. J. , Shalucha B. , Langhans R. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
SADH is utilized in the floricultural industry to control plant ht, increase stem diam, and darken foliage. At the end of an experiment which was primarily devised to determine the effective duration of SADH on petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm.) cv. Plum Purple, we noted greenhouse whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), were abundant on the lower surfaces of most leaves on every stem of untreated plants, whereas treated plants were virtually pest-free. Closer examination showed that the leaves on SADH-treated petunias bore a considerable number of whitefly eggs. However, unlike the untreated plants, which sustained very large no. of the insect pest in all stages of development, there were only isolated instances of first instar nymphs and even fewer second, third, or fourth stages on the treated plants. This indicated that although adults do not avoid laying eggs on the sprayed petunias, population build-up does not occur.
Reduction in Last Internode Elongation of Cut Tulips by Growth Retardants1
Authors: Einert A. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The effects of several concn of growth retardant chemicals on the elongation of the last stem internode of cut tulips were studied. Compared to tap water, α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine-methanol (ancymidol) at 25 ppm reduced intemode growth by 31% with no detrimental effects on vase life or flower quality. The 2,4-dichlorobenzyl-tributylphos-phonium chloride (CBBP) was ineffective at 6-25 ppm. CBBP at 125 did reduce stem elongation but was toxic to the flower. Ancymidol in the vase solution retarded growth without altering water uptake by the stem.
Plant Growth Regulating Properties of 3-Carboxy-l-Pyridones1, 2
Authors: Yih Roy Y. , McNulty Patrick J. , Seidel Michael C. , Viste Kenneth L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A new synthetic group of pyridones represented by 3-carboxy-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-4,6-dimethyl- 2-pyridone are growth regulators in various agronomic and ornamental plants.
Foliar Absorption of Chelated Iron from Solutions of High pH and Movement of Absorbed Iron Within the Leaf of Antirrhinum majus L. cv. Texas1
Authors: Rutland Rufus B. , Chung Amy Hwei-mei 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Iron-59 was absorbed more readily from solutions of pH 7.2 as chelated iron than as FeCl3 to the extent that chelation improved stability of Fe in solution. The chelates HEEDTA and RA157 were absorbed more than EDDHA, EDTA, or DTPA. The percentage of foliar absorbed iron that was translocated within the detached leaf from the application site ranged from 24% for RA157 to 68% for DTPA. A greater quantity of HEEDTA was translocated because of the greater amount absorbed, but only a small percentage of the absorbed 59Fe moved within the leaf. Autoradiographs indicated that distribution within the leaf resulted from translocation through vascular tissues.
Soil Temperature and Development of Cuttings and Seedlings of Tropical Foliage Plants1
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Waters Will E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Soil temp, maintained with electric heating cables to 75°F and 85° during the winter and 80° and 90° during the summer accelerated development of cuttings and seedlings of tropical foliage plants in central Florida and reduced time required for propagation up to 50% during the cool months of the year. Generally, plants held at 75° responded as well as those held at 85°.