bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of the NICE traffic light system in children presenting to general practice: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Clark Amy , Cannings-John Rebecca , Blyth Megan , Hay Alastair D , Butler Christopher C , Hughes Kathryn 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) traffic light system was created to facilitate the assessment of unwell children in primary care. To the authors’ knowledge, no studies have validated this tool in UK general practice.AimTo evaluate the accuracy of this system for detecting serious illness in children presenting to general practice.Design and settingA retrospective diagnostic accuracy study was undertaken, using a cohort of acutely unwell children aged <5 years presenting to general practice in England and Wales.MethodThe traffic light categories of 6703 children were linked with hospital data to identify admissions and diagnoses. The sensitivity and specificity of these categories were calculated against the reference standard: a hospital-diagnosed serious illness within 7 days of GP consultation, measured using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes.ResultsIn total, 2116 (31.6%) children were categorised as ‘red’; 4204 (62.7%) as ‘amber’; and 383 (5.7%) as ‘green’. There were 139 (2.1%) children who were admitted to hospital within 7 days of consultation, of whom 17 (12.2%; 0.3% overall) had a serious illness. The sensitivity of the red category (versus amber and green) was 58.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 32.9 to 81.6) and the specificity 68.5% (95% CI = 67.4 to 69.6). The sensitivity and specificity of red and amber combined (versus green) was 100% (95% CI = 80.5 to 100) and 5.7% (95% CI = 5.2 to 6.3), respectively.ConclusionThe NICE traffic light system did not accurately detect children admitted with a serious illness, nor those not seriously ill who could have been managed at home. This system is not suitable for use as a clinical tool in general practice. Further research is required to update or replace the system.
Selonsertib Enhances Kidney Protection Beyond Standard of Care in a Hypertensive, Secondary Glomerulosclerosis CKD Model
Authors: Badal Shawn S. , Al Tuhaifi Tareq , Yu Ya-Fen , Lopez David , Plato Craig T. , Joly Kristin , Breckenridge David G. , Yang Hai-Chun , Liles John T. , Fogo Agnes B. 
Published: April 2022

Key Points

Selonsertib (SEL), a selective apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 inhibitor, targets an oxidative stress pathway in CKD.SEL plus enalapril reduces glomerulosclerosis, attenuates kidney function decline, and reduces podocyte loss more than either agent alone.SEL has a nonhemodynamic mechanism and has additional effects on apoptosis and fibrosis in the kidney when combined with standard of care.

Background
Despite widespread use of renin-aldosterone-angiotensin system inhibitors and the benefits of lowering glomerular pressure in patients with CKD, there remains a major unmet need for therapies targeting underlying causes of CKD progression. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) promotes apoptosis and glomerulosclerosis, and is implicated in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a major cause of CKD. Selonsertib is a selective ASK1 inhibitor currently in clinical development for the treatment of DKD. We examined the added benefits of selonsertib on existing glomerulosclerosis and related molecular pathways in the nondiabetic 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) rat model in combination with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) enalapril.

Methods
Male Sprague Dawley rats underwent 5/6 Nx with kidney biopsy 8 weeks later for assessment of glomerulosclerosis, and were randomized to four treatment groups with equal glomerulosclerosis: selonsertib, enalapril, combination (selonsertib plus enalapril), and untreated controls. Serum creatinine, systolic BP (SBP), and urinary albumin were measured at intervals. Animals were euthanized at week 12 for histologic, biochemical, and molecular analyses.

Results
All rats developed hypertension, albuminuria, and glomerulosclerosis by week 8. Kidney function further declined, and glomerulosclerosis and albuminuria progressively increased in controls from week 8 to 12. Enalapril treatment alone from week 8 to 12 reduced SBP versus controls, decreased albuminuria, and resulted in numerically lower glomerulosclerosis. Selonsertib alone had no effect on SBP but preserved kidney function. Combined treatment significantly reduced glomerulosclerosis, with more regression than either monotherapy. Enalapril treatment resulted in fewer interstitial macrophages, whereas selonsertib treatment reduced apoptosis and podocyte loss. RNA-seq revealed that combined treatment influenced pathways related to extracellular matrix and wound healing.

Conclusions
Selonsertib targets a novel, nonhemodynamic pathway in CKD. Our data suggest that ASK1 inhibition, when combined with ACEI, has additive effects to reduce progression of glomerulosclerosis, attenuate kidney function decline, and reduce podocyte loss.
PENGARUH APLIKASI PUPUK HAYATI DAN PUPUK PELENGKAP ALKALIS DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI CABAI MERAH KERITING (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Yahya Devi Puspita Amartha - 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi pupuk hayati dan pupuk pelengkap terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman cabai merah keriting (Capsicum annuum L.). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), terdiri atas dua faktor dan tiga pengulangan. Faktor pertama adalah aplikasi pupuk hayati yang terdiri atas 3 taraf, yaitu H0 = tanpa aplikasi pupuk hayati; H1 = dosis 4 ml/tanaman; H2 = dosis 8 ml/tanaman. Faktor kedua adalah pupuk pelengkap alkalis yang terdiri atas tiga taraf, yaitu P0 = tanpa pupuk pelengkap alkalis; P1 = dosis 0,05 gr/tanaman; P2 = dosis 0,1 gr/tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada variabel pertumbuhan tidak terdapat interaksi yang nyata antara aplikasi pupuk hayati dan pupuk pelengkap alkalis, sementara pada variabel produksi terdapat interaksi antara aplikasi pupuk hayati dan pupuk pelengkap alkalis terhadap variabel jumlah bunga per tanaman, jumlah buah konsumsi, dan bobot buah per tanaman. Perlakuan pupuk hayati 8 ml/tanaman yang disertai pemberian pupuk pelengkap alkalis 0,1 gr/tanaman menghasilkan bobot buah tertinggi, yaitu 436,70 gram/ tanaman. Aplikasi pupuk hayati dengan dosis 8 ml/tanaman mampu menghasilkan produksi cabai 402,12 gram/tanaman, sementara aplikasi pupuk pelengkap alkalis 0,1 gr/tanaman mampu menghasilkan menghasilkan produksi cabai sebesar 400,51 gram/tanaman.
Effect of curvature on the mono-methylation of carbon belt surfaces using density functional theory
Authors: Kawabata Hiroshi , Tachikawa Hiroto 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The surface functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by direct radical addition has received considerable attention. The introduction of substituents is useful for tuning the π-character, enhancing the substrate anchoring, and improving the solubility. In this study, we investigated the binding energies of mono-methylated carbon belts (short SWCNTs) using density functional theory to elucidate the effect of curvature. The binding energy decreased as the curvature κ decreased and was approximately 25 kcal mol−1 less for κ = 0.166 Å−1 than for κ = 0.364 Å−1. This is because a change in curvature significantly impacts the interaction energy between the CH3 moiety and the carbon belt portion but not the deformation energy of the system. These results suggest that curvature can control the grafting onto the SWCNT surface.
AC response of spin-pseudospin current in a double quantum well
Authors: Ishikawa Toshiya , Akera Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The spin Hall effect due to the skew scattering is studied using the Boltzmann equation in a double quantum well when the inplane electric field with angular frequency ω is applied. The two wells have opposite signs of impurity potential so that the skew-scattering spin Hall current is antiparallel and carries a pseudospin, which is formed by ∣L〉 and ∣R〉, the ground states of the two wells. The pseudospin precession is induced by the interwell tunneling in the strength of ℏ
ω
SAS, the energy difference between the symmetric and antisymmetric states. It is found that the dynamics of the spin-pseudospin current, described by the pseudospin analogue of the Bloch equation, is equivalent in form to the classical cyclotron resonance. Consequently, the antiparallel spin Hall current exhibits the resonance peak at ω ∼ ω
SAS. Such spin-pseudospin coupling is expected to be useful in controlling the spin polarization in many electronic systems.
Microscopic electrochemical analysis of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries using conductive atomic force microscopy as a nano current collector probe
Authors: Maeda Yasushi , Kitta Mitsunori , Kuratani Kentaro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The high ionic/electronic resistance at the solid/solid interfaces of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries (LIBs) is a critical challenge that limits their practical application. High-resolution analytical methods are required to investigate the local electrochemical properties of the interfaces. In this study, we applied conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) to all-solid-state LIBs consisting of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM) as the active material and a sulfide-based solid electrolyte (SE). The NCM positive electrode was observed by applying a bias voltage between the c-AFM tip and the negative electrode. In this operation mode, denoted as the “nano current collector” (NCC) mode, the AFM tip functioned as a nanoscale current collector. The oxidation currents at the NCM/SE interface and grain boundaries inside the NCM particles were successfully detected in this mode at a spatial resolution of >100 nm. c-AFM performed in the NCC mode enhanced the spatial resolution for the analysis of electrochemical phenomena in all-solid-state LIBs.
Active magnetic regenerative refrigeration using superconducting solenoid for hydrogen liquefaction
Authors: Kamiya Koji , Matsumoto Koichi , Numazawa Takenori , Masuyama Shinji , Takeya Hiroyuki , Saito Akiko T. , Kumazawa Naoya , Futatsuka Kazumi , Matsunaga Keigo , Shirai Tsuyoshi , Takada Suguru , Iida Teruhito 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A magnetic refrigerator that makes use of the magneto-caloric effect realizes a highly efficient cooling device. Since the cooling power of magnetic refrigerators depends largely on the strength of the magnetic field, the use of a superconducting magnet is essential. Using magnetic refrigeration, achieving a liquefaction efficiency of larger than 50% is theoretically possible, which is twice that of conventional gas expansion refrigerators. In this study, an active magnetic regenerative refrigerator, one of the magnetic refrigerators using a superconducting solenoid, was built and hydrogen liquefaction was successfully demonstrated.
First principles study of the superconductivity in Os-S system
Authors: Li Yong , Li Hengtao , Wu Yuxian , Kan Xiang , Zhao Yong , Chen Yongliang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Due to the spin-orbital coupling effects of the Os-5d electrons, we performed structure searches on the possible superconductivity in the Os-S system. We predict a series of novel structures in the Os-S system, including Pmn21, I-4m2, P63mc, I4mm, R3m, P6/mmm. I-4m2 phase is a potential superconductor of 3.6 K at 0 GPa. The superconductivity is associated with the soft phonon modes of Os. Interestingly, with the increase of pressure, the soft phonon mode near the M/X points will start moving up to a higher position. There is no superconducting transition temperature in the I-4m2 phase when the pressure reaches 50 GPa.
EFEKTIVITAS AIR SEDUHAN TEH HITAM (Camellia sinensis) DALAM MENURUNKAN AKUMULASI PLAK
Authors: Halid Idham , Asio Asio , Fitria Karin Tika 
Published: April 2022

Latar Belakang: Teh hitam (Camellia sinensis) dipercaya memiliki manfaat dan khasiat yang cukup besar bagi kehidupan dan kesehatan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas dari berkumur seduhan daun teh hitam dalam menurunkan indeks plak.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasy experimental dengan rancangan penelitian pretest and posttest design. Sebanyak 10 orang responden mengikuti penelitian ini. Setiap malam responden diminta menyikat gigi tanpa pasta gigi dan dilanjutkan dengan berkumur dengan Aquadest, seduhan teh hitam dan Chlorhexidine selama masing masing 5 hari, serta diukur indeks plak pada pre dan post perlakuan. Analisa statistik t-test digunakan untuk menguji beda mean antara sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dan ANOVA untuk membandingkan perbedaan perubahan indeks plak antara ketiga kelompok
Hasil: Perbedaan bermakna nilai indeks plak sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan ditemukan pada kelompok yang berkumur dengan teh (p= 0,019) serta pada kelompok yang berkumur dengan chlorhexidine (p = 0,005). Namun tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada perlakuan berkumur dengan seduhan teh hitam dan yang berkumur dengan Chlorhexidine (p = 0,222). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p=0,010) perubahan indeks plak diantara ketiga kelompok.
Kesimpulan: Berkumur dengan seduhan teh hitam terbukti efektif mengurangi pembentukan plak.
Kesulitan Fungsional Belajar Peserta Didik Dalam Pembelajaran Literasi Dasar Madrasah Ibtida’iyah di Kabupaten Lombok Timur
Authors: Rohiani Dewi 
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis kesulitan fungsional belajar yang dialami oleh peserta didik MI Kabupaten Lombok Timur, langkah-langkah penanganan/layanan pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan oleh guru dan pihak madrasah, serta dampak penanganan/layanan pembelajaran guru terhadap perkembangan fungsional belajar peserta didik. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di 40 Madrasah Ibtida’iyah di Lombok Timur pada bulan Juni 2021. Subjek penelitian ini ialah seluruh peserta didik kelas 1 s/d 3 berjumlah 1.923 peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 instrumen yaitu Profil Belajar Siswa (PBS) dan pedoman wawancara dengan guru. Validasi data menggunakan informant review, analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, sajian data, dan menarik kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian bahwa peserta didik yang teridentifikasi memiliki kesulitan fungsional belajar dalam pembelajaran literasi dasar yaitu 163 peserta didik atau 8.48%. dengan rincian kesulitan sebagai berikut: 1) kesulitan penglihatan 2,45%; 2) kesulitan pendengaran 3,07%; 3) kesulitan motorik kasar 2,45%; 4) kesulitan motorik halus 3,07%; 5) kesulitan berbicara 52%; 6) kesulitan belajar spesifik 62,58%; 7) kesulitan mengontor perilaku 4,29%; 8) kesulitan mengontrol emosi 6,13%; 9) kesulitan ganda 10,43%. Jumlah laki-laki 119 dan perempuan 44 peserta didik, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa peserta didik laki-laki lebih banyak mengalami kesulitan fungsional belajar dibandingkan perempuan. Langkah penanganan yang dilakukan ialah peserta didik dikelompokkan berdasarkan level kemampuannya serta melibatkan guru pendamping, relawan literasi dan fasilitator daerah. Dampak dari penanganan tersebut secara akademik meningkat terutama pada kognitif, sikap dan perilaku serta sosial-emosinya berkembang.
Stacked Periodograms as a Probe of Exoplanetary Populations
Authors: Cabot Samuel H. C. , Laughlin Gregory 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Ongoing, extreme-precision Doppler radial-velocity (RV) surveys seek planets with masses less than several M
⊕; population-level studies to determine the distribution of planetary masses, however, remain difficult due to the required observational time investment, as well as challenges associated with robustly detecting the lowest-mass planets. We outline a novel approach that leverages extensive, existing RV data sets to constrain masses of exoplanet populations: stacking periodograms of RV time series across many targets. We show that an exoplanet population may be statistically identifiable in the stacked periodogram, even when individual planets do not pass the threshold of detection. We discuss analytical, statistical properties of the stacked periodogram, perform simulations to demonstrate the efficacy of the method, and investigate the influence of semistructured window functions and stellar activity. Analysis of the Lick–Carnegie Exoplanet Survey data set reveals a marginally significant (1.6σ) signal consistent with a population of exoplanets occupying 3–7 days periods with typical K between 1.6–5.1 m s−1. More detailed investigation of signals associated with stellar activity and yearly systematics may be necessary to confirm this result or detect other underlying Keplerian contributions.
Multiwavelength Mitigation of Stellar Activity in Astrometric Planet Detection
Authors: Kaplan-Lipkin Avi , Macintosh Bruce , Madurowicz Alexander , Sowmya Krishnamurthy , Shapiro Alexander , Krivova Natalie , Solanki Sami K. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Astrometry has long been a promising technique for exoplanet detection. At the theoretical limits, astrometry would allow for the detection of smaller planets than previously seen by current exoplanet search methods, but stellar activity may make these theoretical limits unreachable. Astrometric jitter of a Sun-like star due to magnetic activity in its photosphere induces apparent variability in the photocenter of order 0.5 mR
⊙. This jitter creates a fundamental astrophysical noise floor preventing detection of lower-mass planets in a single spectral band. By injecting planet orbits into simulated solar data at five different passbands, we investigate mitigation of this fundamental astrometric noise using correlations across passbands. For a true solar analog and a planet at 1 au semimajor axis, the 6σ detection limit set by stellar activity for an ideal telescope at the best single passband is 0.01 Earth masses. We found that pairs of passbands with highly correlated astrometric jitter due to stellar activity, but with less motion in the redder band, enable higher-precision measurements of the common signal from the planet. Using this method improves detectable planet masses at 1 au by up to a factor of 10, corresponding to at best 0.005 Earth masses for a Sun-like star with a perfect telescope. Given these results, we recommend that future astrometry missions consider proceeding with two or more passbands to reduce noise due to stellar activity.
A Spatially-resolved Large Cavity of the J0337 Protoplanetary Disk in Perseus
Authors: Uyama Taichi , Ruane Garreth , Lawson Kellen , Muto Takayuki , Beichman Charles , van der Marel Nienke 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We present Keck/NIRC2 K
p
L
p high-contrast imaging observations of a J0337 protoplanetary disk. The data discover the spatially-resolved large cavity, which is the second report among protoplanetary disks in the Perseus star-forming region after the LkHα 330 system. Our data and forward modeling using RADMC-3D suggests ∼80 au for the cavity radius. There is discrepancy between J0337's spectral energy distribution (SED) and the modeled SED at ∼10 μm and this suggests an unseen inner disk. We also searched for companions around J0337 but did not detect any companion candidates at separations between 0.″1 and 2.″5. The L
p-band detection limit corresponds to ∼20M
Jup at 60 au, ∼9–10M
Jup at 90 au, and ∼3M
Jup at >120 au. Compared with other young systems with large cavities such as PDS 70 and RX J1604, multiple Jovian planets, a single eccentric Jovian planet, or a massive brown dwarf at an inner separation could exist within the cavity.
A SUBLIME 3D Model for Cometary Coma Emission: The Hypervolatile-rich Comet C/2016 R2 (PanSTARRS)
Authors: Cordiner M. A. , Coulson I. M. , Garcia-Berrios E. , Qi C. , Lique F. , Zołtowski M. , de Val-Borro M. , Kuan Y.-J. , Ip W.-H. , Mairs S. , Roth N. X. , Charnley S. B. , Milam S. N. , Tseng W.-L , Chuang Y.-L 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The coma of comet C/2016 R2 (PanSTARRS) is one of the most chemically peculiar ever observed, in particular due to its extremely high CO/H2O and

N

2

+

/H2O ratios, and unusual trace volatile abundances. However, the complex shape of its CO emission lines, as well as uncertainties in the coma structure and excitation, has lead to ambiguities in the total CO production rate. We performed high-resolution, spatially, spectrally, and temporally resolved CO observations using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope and Submillimeter Array to elucidate the outgassing behavior of C/2016 R2. Results are analyzed using a new, time-dependent, three-dimensional radiative transfer code (SUBlimating gases in LIME; SUBLIME, based on the open-source version of the LIne Modeling Engine), incorporating for the first time, accurate state-to-state collisional rate coefficients for the CO–CO system. The total CO production rate was found to be in the range of (3.8 − 7.6) × 1028 s−1 between 2018 January 13 and February 1 (at r
H = 2.8–2.9 au), with a mean value of (5.3 ± 0.6) × 1028 s−1. The emission is concentrated in a near-sunward jet, with a half-opening angle of ∼62° and an outflow velocity of 0.51 ± 0.01 km s−1, compared to 0.25 ± 0.01 km s−1 in the ambient (and nightside) coma. Evidence was also found for an extended source of CO emission, possibly due to icy grain sublimation around 1.2 × 105 km from the nucleus. Based on the coma molecular abundances, we propose that the nucleus ices of C/2016 R2 can be divided into a rapidly sublimating apolar phase, rich in CO, CO2, N2, and CH3OH, and a predominantly frozen (or less abundant), polar phase containing more H2O, CH4, H2CO, and HCN.
ALMA Measures Molecular Gas Reservoirs Comparable to Field Galaxies in a Low-mass Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.3
Authors: Williams Christina C. , Alberts Stacey , Spilker Justin S. , Noble Allison G. , Stefanon Mauro , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Bezanson Rachel , Narayanan Desika , Whitaker Katherine E. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We report the serendipitous discovery of an overdensity of CO emitters in an X-ray-identified cluster (Log10
M
halo/M
⊙ ∼ 13.6 at z = 1.3188) using ALMA. We present spectroscopic confirmation of six new cluster members exhibiting CO(2–1) emission, adding to two existing optical/IR spectroscopic members undetected in CO. This is the lowest-mass cluster to date at z > 1 with molecular gas measurements, bridging the observational gap between galaxies in the more extreme, well-studied clusters (Log10
M
halo/M
⊙ ≳ 14) and those in group or field environments at cosmic noon. The CO sources are concentrated on the sky (within ∼1 arcmin diameter) and phase space analysis indicates the gas resides in galaxies already within the cluster environment. We find that CO sources sit in similar phase space as CO-rich galaxies in more massive clusters at similar redshifts (have similar accretion histories) while maintaining field-like molecular gas reservoirs, compared to scaling relations. This work presents the deepest CO survey to date in a galaxy cluster at z > 1, uncovering gas reservoirs down to

M

H

2

>
1.6
×

10

10

M
⊙ (5σ at 50% primary beam). Our deep limits rule out the presence of gas content in excess of the field scaling relations; however, combined with literature CO detections, cluster gas fractions in general appear systematically high, on the upper envelope or above the field. This study is the first demonstration that low-mass clusters at z ∼ 1–2 can host overdensities of CO emitters with surviving gas reservoirs, in line with the prediction that quenching is delayed after first infall while galaxies consume the gas bound to the disk.