bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum and Evolution of Systems Engineering's Guiding Propositions
Authors: Rousseau David , Pennotti Michael , Brook Peter 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSystems engineering's practice is informed by many hundreds of guiding propositions, but their diverse nature and inconsistent categorization hinder systematic aggregation and refinement. This paper introduces a framework for understanding the origins and evolution of these propositions and proposes a unifying classification scheme. We propose a maturation model that assesses guiding propositions in terms of measures we call scope, authority, and capability. These measures jointly determine the maturity of a guiding proposition. We describe a strategy for systematically improving the maturity of propositions, advancing them from context‐specific patterns to becoming generally applicable principles. We show how the maturation process supports the evolution of greater engineering elegance and greater transdisciplinarity. We argue that such advances will be needed for SE to effectively address the unprecedented challenges likely to emerge in Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0.
Influence of rice husk ash and nano‐CaCO3 on the properties of self‐compacting mortar
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Ramasamy , Rama Mahalingam , Dhanalakshmi Krishnan , Sudarsan Jayraman Sethuraman , Nithiyanantham Subramanian , Gunasekaran Bakthavatchallu , Krishnaraj Loganathan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNanotechnology is one of the leading and promising fields of research in building and construction materials. The goal of this study is to examine the mechanical and durability behavior of the cement matrix that incorporates rice husk ash and nano‐CaCO3. Nano‐CaCO3 was mixed with 1%, 2%, and 3% ratios, and the rice husk ash was 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by the weight of cement. The rheological properties determined through mini V‐funnel flow‐time test. The cement mortar specimens are made with different percentages of rice husk ash and nano‐CaCO3, on which the properties of self‐compacting produce better performance. Scanning electron microscopy illustrates the highly packed pore structure of mortars resulting in improved strength and durability of the self‐compacted mortar specimen. Although the compressive strength of samples increased by up to 3% through the addition of mortar, compressive strength, water absorption, electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and scanning electron microscopy tests are performed to evaluate their durability. The results show that combination of nano‐CaCO3 and rice husk ash enhanced the mechanical properties.
Are brain–machine interfaces the real experience machine? Exploring the libertarian risks of brain–machine interfaces
Authors: Mateus Jorge 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper examines the implications of brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) from a libertarian perspective, arguing that their widespread use necessitates careful scrutiny due to potential risks to individual autonomy, freedom, privacy, and dignity. BMIs, while offering significant technological advancements, pose severe threats by potentially undermining fundamental libertarian values. The paper discusses how BMIs could enable invasive surveillance, thought manipulation, and emotional control, drawing parallels to Robert Nozick’s Experience Machine thought experiment. Unlike the hypothetical machine, which offers simulated experiences, BMIs could facilitate real-time control over individuals’ thoughts and emotions, leading to unprecedented forms of government overreach and coercion. The paper concludes that although libertarians advocate for minimal state intervention, the profound impact of BMIs on personal freedom and autonomy warrants a cautious approach, including potential restrictions on their use to safeguard against their misuse and to preserve individual self-ownership and dignity.
A physically based constitutive model for predicting surface and subsurface changes induced by orthogonal dry machining of hardened AISI 52100 steel
Authors: Caruso Serafino , Imbrogno Stano , Umbrello Domenico 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The modification of surface and subsurface characteristics in mechanical components, such as microstructure, hardness variation and phase content, is crucial due to their significant impact on the functional performance and reliability of engineered products. Additionally, a deeper understanding of the relationship between mechanical behaviour and physical phenomena (such as recovery and dynamic recrystallization) under dynamic loading is required. In this context, accurate physically based numerical models that can simulate material behaviour during orthogonal machining and predict surface integrity by modelling thermal and mechanical aspects are necessary. In the present work, metallurgical changes during dry orthogonal machining of AISI 52100 steel with three different initial hardness levels are modelled using a customised 2D finite element (FE) model with a physically based constitutive law for material behaviour. A user subroutine has been developed and implemented in commercial FE software to predict grain refinement, hardness variation and dislocation density evolution induced by the process. Furthermore, the developed numerical model evaluates the martensite volume fraction transformation within the workpiece affected layer, considering the influences of (i) plastic deformation, (ii) cooling rate and (iii) austenitizing temperature under the effects of stress and strain. The numerical prediction strategy was calibrated and validated by analysing experimental results at different initial workpiece hardness levels, tool geometries, feed rates and cutting speeds. The outcomes demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed strategy and its utility in studying metallurgical phenomena (both thermally and mechanically induced), predicting grain size change, microhardness evolution, machining-affected layers, phase contents and formation mechanisms.
Approximating the inertia forces in the floating frame of reference formulation using the consistent finite element mass matrix
Authors: van Voorthuizen Karlijn , Abdul Rasheed Mohammed Iqbal , Schilder Jurnan , Ellenbroek Marcel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the floating frame of reference formulation, the exact form of the inertia forces is derived using a continuum-based approach. This yields a mass matrix and quadratic velocity terms containing inertia shape integrals. To avoid these integrals, many implementations of the floating frame formulation approximate the inertia forces by defining the kinetic energy using the lumped finite element mass matrix. This work proposes an alternative approximation of the inertia forces based on the consistent finite element mass matrix for structural elements, addressing cases where the exact solutions available in literature for most solid elements are not applicable. The inertia forces are derived by defining the kinetic energy using the consistent finite element mass matrix or by using the inertia forces from the equation of motion of the corresponding linear finite element model. In this way, the inertia shape integrals are replaced by a readily available mass matrix. In comparison with the lumped approach, the proposed definition yields more accurate results for coarser meshes since a more realistic representation of the mass and inertia properties of the body is used. Furthermore, the proposed approach yields inertia forces similar to the exact continuum-based approach under the assumption of small deformations. If the influence of deformation on the mass matrix is significant or the quadratic velocity terms are important, mesh refinement is required to accurately represent the inertia forces. The accuracy of the proposed definition of the inertia forces is compared to the exact and lumped mass approaches through simulation of flexible systems.
“My First Threesome with Them Was a Religious Experience”: A Mixed-Methods Study of Symbiosexual Experiences
Authors: Johnston Sally W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
People of diverse backgrounds and identities report experiencing attraction to the energy, multidimensionality, and power created by people in relationships (Johnston, 2024a). Due to cultural privileging of monosexuality and monogamy, and stigma specifically within polyamory communities against people interested in sex and relationships with couples, very little is known about this population. Lack of recognition and validation negatively impacts those who experience this attraction, known as symbiosexual attraction (Johnston & Schoenfeld, 2021). I conducted a mixed-methods analysis of secondary data from The Pleasure Study (Harvey et al., 2023) to investigate the sexual and romantic experiences of this population. I found that people who experience symbiosexual attraction engage in a variety non-monogamous, multi-person sexual and relationship dynamics. Those who engage in these dynamics specifically with couples report a variety of unique and heightened experiences, both gratifying and undesirable. These findings fill a gap in the literature on this largely unexamined population and challenge the stigma in the polyamorous community as well as within our broader mononormative culture against sex and relationships with established couples which may be preventing people from engaging in ways that best align with their desires and center their pleasure.
Trace metals in natural lakes: seasonal variation of manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc speciation in lakes of different trophic states
Authors: Dengg Markus , Stirling Claudine H. , Lehto Niklas J. , Reid Malcolm R. , Safi Karl , Wood Susanna A. , Seyitmuhammedov Kyyas , Verburg Piet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Trace metal micronutrients are known to play an important role in the optimal functioning of aquatic microorganisms involved in the sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Understanding the biogeochemical cycling of trace metal micronutrients in the global ocean has been a focus of intense research over several decades. Conversely, investigations into the cycling of trace metals in lakes have been relatively rare. This study investigated the biogeochemical cycling of five biologically important trace metals, namely manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc in three New Zealand lakes of different trophic state. The surface water in the three lakes was sampled monthly over a year, during which depth profile samples were collected twice. The samples were analysed to examine how trace metal speciation and phytoplankton productivity interact in the three lakes over time. The cycling of the metals was driven by the different physicochemical and biogeochemical factors distinctive for each lake, including water column oxygen concentrations and the extent to which each metal was bound to particulates. Intriguingly, increased biological uptake or limitation of growth during times of high phytoplankton growth was not observed for any of the investigated trace metals. This is of interest, especially as many of the trace metals investigated were present in sub-nanomolar bioavailable concentrations. The results from this study emphasise the important role biogeochemical cycling plays in regulating the distributions and bioavailability of trace metals in lakes.
The ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants in Orhangazi (Bursa–Türkiye)
Authors: Doğan Şule , Doğan Ahmet 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aimed to document traditional plant uses and preserve cultural knowledge in Orhangazi before it is lost. Fieldwork was conducted, and plant samples, along with their corresponding data, were collected from 81 residents, including folk healers and elderly agricultural workers. A total of 68 taxa, comprising 48 wild and 20 cultivated plants, belonging to 41 families, were identified. The plants were predominantly used to treat digestive system diseases (22%), genitourinary system diseases (18%), respiratory system diseases (16%), musculoskeletal system or connective tissue diseases (9%), skin diseases (9%), and injuries, poisoning, or certain other consequences of external causes (9%). A comprehensive list of 115 ethnomedicinal uses was recorded, including 14 previously undocumented uses in Türkiye. This study represents a pioneering documentation of the traditional usage of medicinal plants in Orhangazi.
Evaluating morphological diversity in male date palm genotypes from Tunisia: insights from vegetative and reproductive descriptors for selection criteria
Authors: Kadri Karim , Hedfi Yacine , Othmani Ahmed , Kerkni Amal , Elhoumaizi Mohamed Aziz , Elsafy Mohammed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Date palm cultivation is vital for sustaining agricultural economies in arid regions, where efficient pollination is essential for optimal fruit yield and quality. This study analyzed 47 morphological parameters in 10 date palm pollinators, including 32 vegetative and 15 reproductive traits, which were treated separately. The correlation matrix revealed strong positive correlations, such as pollinator vigor with palm angle and cornaf persistence with fibrillium hardness. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified eight highly discriminating vegetative traits (e.g. total palm length, palm angle) and six reproductive traits (e.g. spathe length, spikelet number). Genetic distance analysis showed close values (0.233–0.25), thereby indicating significant morphological diversity. Hierarchical classification grouped genotypes based on phenotypic similarities, with vegetative traits exhibiting greater dissimilarity (0.225–5.85) than reproductive traits (0.1–3.85). Heatmap analysis revealed that dense crowns correlated with long spikelets, while wide spines were associated with dense inflorescences. These findings underscore the importance of morphological traits for selecting and distinguishing pollinators, enhancing pollination efficiency, and ensuring sustainable production in date palm-dependent regions.
Attitudes About NIPT Routinisation: A Report from a Qualitative Study of 20 UK Healthcare Professionals’
Authors: Young Peter D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
All healthcare professionals (HCPs) have responsibilities to provide information to patients according to the duties found within UK decision-making guidance and with regards to theory about the doctor-patient relationship. While routinisation can be understood in a number of different ways, this paper is concerned with how routines might negatively affect patients in the decision-making process. Therefore, in this manuscript, medical decision making is understood as problematically routine when a medical test or procedure is framed as a standard one and—given the way options are presented—it is implied that someone can decide to use that test or treatment without being given sufficient opportunities to think through their choices. Routinisation, when understood in this way, can affect the quality and amount of information provided to patients and the ways in which patients reflect upon their choices when making decisions. With the introduction of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) into the UK healthcare system, bioethicists have questioned whether this new technology will be routinised and what the implications of routinisation on the decision-making process might be. While there have been numerous studies investigating the views and attitudes of pregnant women who use NIPT, there are fewer studies that look at the views and attitudes of healthcare professionals (HCPs). This study interviewed 20 UK-based HCPs who either offer NIPT or counselled pregnant women on the use of NIPT. One important finding was that many HCPs held the attitude that the NIPT decision-making process had become routine, however there was disagreement about whether routine NIPT was problematic or not. This study provides insights about the context that surrounds decision making for NIPT, and it raises important questions about how NIPT routinisation might be evaluated.
Testing exchangeability in the batch mode with e-values and Markov alternatives
Authors: Vovk Vladimir 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The topic of this paper is testing the assumption of exchangeability, which is the standard assumption in mainstream machine learning. The common approaches are online testing by betting (such as conformal testing) and the older batch testing using p-values (as in classical hypothesis testing). The approach of this paper is intermediate in that we are interested in batch testing by betting; as a result, p-values are replaced by e-values. As a first step in this direction, this paper concentrates on the Markov model as alternative. The null hypothesis of exchangeability is formalized as a Kolmogorov-type compression model, and the Bayes mixture of the Markov model w.r. to the uniform prior is taken as simple alternative hypothesis. Using e-values instead of p-values leads to a computationally efficient testing procedure. Two appendixes discuss connections with the algorithmic theory of randomness; in particular, the test proposed in this paper can be interpreted as a poor man’s version of Kolmogorov’s deficiency of randomness.
Empirical risk minimization in the interpolating regime with application to neural network learning
Authors: Mücke Nicole , Steinwart Ingo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A common strategy to train deep neural networks (DNNs) is to use very large architectures and to train them until they (almost) achieve zero training error. Empirically observed good generalization performance on test data, even in the presence of lots of label noise, corroborate such a procedure. On the other hand, in statistical learning theory it is known that over-fitting models may lead to poor generalization properties, occurring in e.g. empirical risk minimization (ERM) over too large hypotheses classes. Inspired by this contradictory behavior, so-called interpolation methods have recently received much attention, leading to consistent and optimally learning methods for, e.g., some local averaging schemes with zero training error. We extend this analysis to ERM-like methods for least squares regression and show that for certain, large hypotheses classes called inflated histograms, some interpolating empirical risk minimizers enjoy very good statistical guarantees while others fail in the worst sense. Moreover, we show that the same phenomenon occurs for DNNs with zero training error and sufficiently large architectures.
Something in the air: does air pollution affect fund managers’ carbon divestment?
Authors: Huynh Thanh D. , Li Frank Weikai , Xia Ying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We examine whether mutual fund managers overestimate carbon risk when they are exposed to local air pollution. We find that air pollution near fund managers induces them to underweight stocks of high-emission firms. The effects strengthen among environmentally conscious fund managers and among those likely to be surprised by air pollution—consistent with the idea that managers revise their beliefs about carbon risk following exposure to air pollution. A firm’s carbon-emissions disclosures and fund managers’ sophistication moderate these effects. Carbon-intensive stocks sold by fund managers who are exposed to local air pollution subsequently outperform stocks they buy, suggesting that such underweighting is costly to fund investors.
Stratification of Livability: A Framework for Analyzing Differences in Livability Across Income, Consumption, and Social Infrastructure
Authors: Neuhuber Tatjana , Schneider Antonia E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Livability has become a prominent topic in both academic discourse and policymaking. This paper investigates how societal stratification in livability varies based on residual income and the provision of social infrastructure and explores the factors that drive these differences. Initially, we calculate the residual income for households across different regions of Austria. Subsequently, we create a composite indicator to measure the availability and accessibility of social infrastructure in each municipality. Using a Finite Mixture Model (FMM), we analyze how households group based on these factors and employ a Bayesian multinomial logistic model to identify the socioeconomic variables such as household composition, education, and employment status that influence cluster membership. The results reveal significant clustering related to residual income and social infrastructure provision, indicating clear societal stratification in livability. Socioeconomic variables and regional context notably influence this clustering. Our findings highlight important implications, particularly regarding the potential impact of privatizing public services on residual income, especially for low-income households that may be more dependent on public social infrastructure.
Do students’ mindsets about emotional intelligence change over secondary school? Developmental paths in adolescence
Authors: Costa Ana , Faria Luísa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Research on mindsets has grown exponentially over the last few years, but the developmental trajectories of the different types of mindsets are less explored, especially among youth. Thus, the present study analyzed and compared the trajectory of both growth and fixed implicit theories of emotional intelligence over the secondary school cycle. In total, 523 students were followed during the complete Portuguese 3-year secondary school cycle, through a three-wave design from the 10th to the 12th grade. In the first wave, the participants were aged between 14 and 18 years (mean [M] = 15.4; standard deviation [SD] = 0.63) and were mainly female (58.6%). The results indicated that the emotional intelligence (EI) growth mindset increased over secondary school, whereas students’ fixed mindset tended to decrease in the same period. A students previous trait EI levels predicted the EI mindset change patterns, while a students gender did not. Moreover, in this study, the different mindset trajectories predicted students emotions toward school at the end of secondary school but not their EI trait levels. The results of this study provide information about the dynamics of emotion-related mindsets in late adolescence and will be discussed on the basis of their implications for the educational context.