bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing new pathways for energy and environmental decision-making in India: a review
Authors: Durga Siddarth , Evans Meredydd , Clarke Leon , Banerjee Rangan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
India faces a dual challenge of economic development and responding to climate change. Although India’s per capita emissions are well below global average, the country is one of the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitters. Indian policymakers and stakeholders require high-quality data and research to assess low-emissions, sustainable development strategies. Peer-reviewed literature is a key source of this information and also a key venue for conversation amongst research leaders. This paper examines the recent peer-reviewed literature on India’s 2030 and 2050 pathways. We conducted a systematic literature review to identify key quantitative national modeling studies. From the 34 studies identified, we synthesized scenario data to draw common conclusions and identify critical research gaps. The main focus was on examining the coverage and the state of information available on low-carbon pathways. Overall, we find a few scenarios that are potentially consistent with a 2070 net-zero goal, but more limited assessment of pathways to reach net-zero emissions before this date. Mitigation pathways with greater ambition are required across all energy sectors to ensure a smooth transition to net-zero emissions by or before 2070. The scenarios confirm that reducing emissions to below 2 GtCO2 yr−1 by mid-century would necessitate significant transformations of the Indian energy sector, such as, a decrease in unabated coal power capacity, transportation modal shift, and industrial process switching. The assessment also finds substantial differences in final energy estimates reported across studies, particularly in transportation. The lack of consistency in, and transparency about underlying drivers, assumptions, and even outputs across studies points to the critical need for the sorts of coordinated, multi-model studies that have proven exceptionally valuable for decision makers in other major emitting countries.
The collapse of a quantum state as a joint probability construction*
Authors: Morgan Peter 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The collapse of a quantum state can be understood as a mathematical way to construct a joint probability density even for operators that do not commute. We can formalize that construction as a non-commutative, non-associative collapse product that is nonlinear in its left operand as a model for joint measurements at time-like separation, in part inspired by the sequential product for positive semi-definite operators. The familiar collapse picture, in which a quantum state collapses after each measurement as a way to construct a joint probability density for consecutive measurements, is equivalent to a no-collapse picture in which Lüders transformers applied to subsequent measurements construct a quantum-mechanics—free subsystem of quantum non-demolition operators, not as a dynamical process but as an alternative mathematical model for the same consecutive measurements. The no-collapse picture is particularly simpler when we apply signal analysis to millions or billions of consecutive measurements.
Large deviations analysis for random combinatorial partitions with counter terms
Authors: Adams Stefan , Dickson Matthew 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study various models for random combinatorial partitions using large deviation analysis for diverging scale of the reference process. The large deviation rate functions are normalised limiting free energies and the main focus is to study their minimiser for various Gibbsian ensembles with respect to the reference measure which is a probabilistic version of the ideal Bose gas. Scaling limits of similar models have been studied recently (Fatkullin and Slastikov 2018 arXiv:1801.00812v2; Fatkullin and Xue 2021 J. Stat. Phys.
183 22) going back to (Vershik 1996 Func. Anal. Appl.
30 90–105). After studying the reference model, we provide a complete analysis of two mean field models, one of which is well-know (Benfatto et al 2005 J. Math. Phys.
46 033303) and the other one is the cycle mean field model. Both models show critical behaviour despite their rate functions having unique minimiser. The main focus is then a model with negative counter term, the probabilistic version of the so-called Huang–Yang–Luttinger model (van den Berg et al 1988 Commun. Math. Phys.
118 61–85). Criticality in this model is the existence of a critical parameter for which two simultaneous minimiser exists. At criticality an order parameter is introduced as the double limits for the density of cycles with diverging length, and as such it extends recent work in (Adams and Dickson 2021 Ann. Henri Poincaré
22 1535–60).
Charge transport and recombination in wide-bandgap Y6 derivatives-based organic solar cells
Authors: Firdaus Yuliar , He Qiao , Muliani Lia , Rosa Erlyta Septa , Heeney Martin , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of nonfullerene-based organic solar cells (OSCs) has recently exceeded 18%, thanks to the constant effort to identify the key properties governing the OSCs performance and development of better photovoltaic materials. With its superior properties, low-bandgap Y6 and its derivatives have emerged as one of the most popular nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) for OSCs. In most cases, these low bandgap NFAs were based mainly on the most widely used and successful end-group 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC). On the other hand, wide-bandgap Y6 derivatives are still scarce. Attempts to increase the NFA’s bandgap by incorporating electron-rich end-groups often end up with NFAs with poor performance. In this work, we compare two wide-bandgap Y6 derivatives with different end-groups, and their distinct device performance is correlated with their charge transport and recombination properties. Electronic measurements on solar cell devices and device physics results are presented to discuss charge transport and recombination within the device.
Pellet-based fused deposition modeling for the development of soft compliant robotic grippers with integrated sensing elements
Authors: Georgopoulou Antonia , Clemens Frank 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has some advantages compared to other additive manufacturing techniques, such as the in situ integration of functional components, like sensors, and recyclability of parts. However, conventional filament-based FDM techniques are limited to thermoplastic elastomers with a Shore hardness above 70 A, thus it has marginal compatibility with soft robotic structures. Due to recently emerging pellet-based FDM printer technology, the fabrication of soft grippers with low Shore hardness has become possible. In this study, styrene based thermoplastic elastomers (TPS) were used to print elastic strips and soft gripper structures down to a Shore hardness of 25 A with an integrated strain sensing element (piezoresistive sensor). Printing on a soft rather than rigid substrate affects the integration of the printed thread on the substrate, because of the softness and relaxation, during the printing softness. It was seen that integrating the sensing element on a substrate with higher Shore hardness decreased the elongation at the point of fracture and the sensitivity of the sensing element. A soft compliant gripper structure with an integrated sensing layer was printed with the TPS-based elastomers successfully, and even due to the complex deformation of the compliant gripper structure, several positions could be detected successfully. Opened and closed position of the gripper, as well as, size recognition of spools of different sizes could be monitored by the piezoresistive printed sensor layer. The most sensitive sensing performance was obtained with the TPS of the lower Shore hardness (25 A), as the value of relative change in resistance was 1, followed by the gripper of Shore hardness 65 A and a relative change in resistance of 0.51. With this study, we demonstrated that pellet-based FDM printers can be used, to print potential soft robotic structures with in-situ integrated sensor structures.
A role-playing game to complement teaching activities in an ‘environmental impact assessment’ teaching course
Authors: Segoni Samuele 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Every project development that could possibly have negative environmental impacts must undergo a technical-administrative procedure called environmental impact assessment (EIA), which ensures that all environmental implications are properly considered before making a decision and that negative impacts are minimized. Therefore, in many universities, technology-oriented master’s degree programs include EIA teaching courses. At the University of Firenze (Italy), one such EIA course module was complemented by a role-playing game in which students acted as typical characters involved in a (simulated) public debate concerning the possible development of a geothermal plant in a rural environment. The roles were designed with competing objectives and contrasting codes of conduct; therefore, the evolution of the debate and the final outcome (acceptance/rejection of the project) were completely in the hands of the players. The game was played with different classes, and the experience was successful. The students reported that the following objectives were reached: (i) they had fun; (ii) they put into practice some theoretical concepts learned during the lessons; (iii) they understood that aspects other than technical ones can be involved in decision processes and dealing with them without proper preparation is very difficult. This last point was considered particularly important, and demonstrated that this role-playing game represented a valuable complement to the main teaching activities.
Scalable integration of quantum emitters into photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Sartison Marc , Camacho Ibarra Oscar , Caltzidis Ioannis , Reuter Dirk , Jöns Klaus D 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Scaling up photonic quantum devices to reach complexities allowing to solve real-world problems requires a platform enabling scalable integration of solid-state quantum emitter with a high yield. Their nanometer-size together with their excellent quantum optical properties make them the ideal candidates for on-chip photonic quantum technologies. However, robust, scalable integration remains elusive. Here, we discuss the state-of-the-art methods to integrate quantum emitters into photonic integrated circuits, emphasizing the pros and cons of the integration methods applicable for specific quantum emitters. Based on our thorough comparison we give our perspective on the most promising approaches and how to overcome the remaining challenges.
Evolution of the Septal Extension Graft in Endonasal Rhinoplasty: Long-term Efficacy and Reliability
Authors: Harel Marcos , Shir-az Ofir , Berl Ariel , Pevzner Keren , Shalom Avshalom 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background
Proper nasal tip projection and rotation have a strong impact on nasal aesthetics. Septal extension graft (SEG) is one of the tools employed to improve tip projection and rotation when performing rhinoplasty. This graft typically overlaps the existing caudal septum in the midline position, lengthening it and facilitating the repositioning of the tip.

Objectives
The authors sought to describe the technical evolution of the SEG in endonasal rhinoplasty and evaluate the reliability and long-term efficacy of the current technique.

Methods
The authors evaluated presurgical and postsurgical photographs of the nasolabial angle and nasal proportions in 60 patients who underwent endonasal rhinoplasty with SEG.

Results
The study demonstrated a clear improvement in tip projection and rotation at the 1-year follow-up. The mean preoperative nasolabial angle was 93.75° ± 9.45° compared with 101.1° ± 5.3° following surgery. Although both were normally distributed, the range of the postoperative nasolabial angle was narrower than 1-year preoperatively (standard deviation = 5.3° vs 9.45°, respectively). The Crumley ratio, utilized to describe nasal proportions, presented significant changes in nasal proportions: 3.84 preoperatively and 4.04 postoperatively (95% confidence interval = −0.24 to −0.149; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The utilization of SEG in endonasal rhinoplasty has significantly changed since first described in 2006. The adaptations made to this technique render it more reliable, and our study demonstrates its efficacy in improving tip projection and rotation over the long-term.

Level of Evidence: 4
The mystery of the life tree: the placentas
Authors: Shao Xuan , Yu Wenzhe , Yang Yun , Wang Feiyang , Yu Xin , Wu Hongyu , Ma Yeling , Cao Bin , Wang Yan-Ling 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The placenta is the interface between the fetal and maternal environments during mammalian gestation, critically safeguarding the health of the developing fetus and the mother. Placental trophoblasts origin from embryonic trophectoderm that differentiates into various trophoblastic subtypes through villous and extravillous pathways. The trophoblasts actively interact with multiple decidual cells and immune cells at the maternal–fetal interface and thus construct fundamental functional units, which are responsible for blood perfusion, maternal–fetal material exchange, placental endocrine, immune tolerance, and adequate defense barrier against pathogen infection. Various pregnant complications are tightly associated with the defects in placental development and function maintenance. In this review, we summarize the current views and our recent progress on the mechanisms underlying the formation of placental functional units, the interactions among trophoblasts and various uterine cells, as well as the placental barrier against pathogen infections during pregnancy. The involvement of placental dysregulation in adverse pregnancy outcomes is discussed.
CMV infection combined with acute GVHD associated with poor CD8+ T-cell immune reconstitution and poor prognosis post-HLA-matched allo-HSCT
Authors: Fan Ze-Ying , Han Ting-Ting , Zuo Wei , Zhao Xiao-Su , Chang Ying-Jun , Lv Meng , Mo Xiao-Dong , Sun Yu-Qian , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Wang Yu , Xu Lan-Ping , Zhang Xiao-Hui , Liu Kai-Yan , Huang Xiao-Jun , Zhao Xiang-Yu 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) are two major complications that contribute to a poor prognosis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Superior early immune reconstitution (IR) is associated with improved survival after HSCT. However, when all three factors, CMV infection, aGVHD, and IR, are concomitantly considered, the effects of the triple events on HSCT are still unknown and should be studied further. Thus we enrolled 185 patients who were diagnosed as hematological malignancies and treated with HLA-matched sibling transplantation (MST) between January 2010 and December 2014, of whom 83 were positive for CMV infection and 82 had aGVHD. Results showed that patients with both aGVHD and CMV infection had significantly higher non-relapse mortality (NRM), lower overall survival (OS), and delayed CD8+ T-cell IR. Multivariate analyses showed that both aGVHD combined with CMV infection and delayed CD8+ T-cell IR were independent risk factors for prognosis post-MST. Recurrent CMV infections are associated with poor CD8+ T-cell reconstitution. However, superior IR could protect against the negative effects of aGVHD and CMV infection on the transplant outcomes.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of Mentha longifolia L. reveals gene organization underlying disease resistance and essential oil traits
Authors: Vining Kelly J , Pandelova Iovanna , Lange Iris , Parrish Amber N , Lefors Andrew , Kronmiller Brent , Liachko Ivan , Kronenberg Zev , Srividya Narayanan , Lange B Markus 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., a wild, diploid mint species, has been developed as a model for mint genetic and genomic research to aid breeding efforts that target Verticillium wilt disease resistance and essential oil monoterpene composition. Here, we present a near-complete, chromosome-scale mint genome assembly for M. longifolia USDA accession CMEN 585. This new assembly is an update of a previously published genome draft, with dramatic improvements. A total of 42,107 protein-coding genes were annotated and placed on 12 chromosomal scaffolds. One hundred fifty-three genes contained conserved sequence domains consistent with nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich-repeat plant disease resistance genes. Homologs of genes implicated in Verticillium wilt resistance in other plant species were also identified. Multiple paralogs of genes putatively involved in p-menthane monoterpenoid biosynthesis were identified and several cases of gene clustering documented. Heterologous expression of candidate genes, purification of recombinant target proteins, and subsequent enzyme assays allowed us to identify the genes underlying the pathway that leads to the most abundant monoterpenoid volatiles. The bioinformatic and functional analyses presented here are laying the groundwork for using marker-assisted selection in improving disease resistance and essential oil traits in mints.
DREAM interrupted: severing LIN-35-MuvB association in Caenorhabditis elegans impairs DREAM function but not its chromatin localization
Authors: Goetsch Paul D , Strome Susan 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
The mammalian pocket protein family, which includes the Retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and Rb-like pocket proteins p107 and p130, regulates entry into and exit from the cell cycle by repressing cell cycle gene expression. Although pRb plays a dominant role in mammalian systems, p107 and p130 are the ancestral pocket proteins. The Rb-like pocket proteins interact with the highly conserved 5-subunit MuvB complex and an E2F-DP transcription factor heterodimer, forming the DREAM (for Dp, Rb-like, E2F, and MuvB) complex. DREAM complex assembly on chromatin culminates in repression of target genes mediated by the MuvB subcomplex. Here, we examined how the Rb-like pocket protein contributes to DREAM formation and function by disrupting the interaction between the sole Caenorhabditis elegans pocket protein LIN-35 and the MuvB subunit LIN-52 using CRISPR/Cas9 targeted mutagenesis. A triple alanine substitution of LIN-52’s LxCxE motif severed LIN-35-MuvB association and caused classical DREAM mutant phenotypes, including synthetic multiple vulvae, high-temperature arrest, and ectopic expression of germline genes in the soma. However, RNA-sequencing revealed limited upregulation of DREAM target genes when LIN-35-MuvB association was severed, as compared with gene upregulation following LIN-35 loss. Based on chromatin immunoprecipitation, disrupting LIN-35-MuvB association did not affect the chromatin localization of E2F-DP, LIN-35, or MuvB components. In a previous study, we showed that in worms lacking LIN-35, E2F-DP, and MuvB chromatin occupancy was reduced genome-wide. With LIN-35 present but unable to associate with MuvB, our study suggests that the E2F-DP-LIN-35 interaction promotes E2F-DP’s chromatin localization, which we hypothesize supports MuvB chromatin occupancy indirectly through DNA. Altogether, this study highlights how the pocket protein’s association with MuvB supports DREAM function but is not required for DREAM’s chromatin occupancy.
The Avoidable Transfer Scale: A New Tool for Identifying Potentially Avoidable Hospital Transfers of Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Carnahan Jennifer L , Unroe Kathleen T , Evans Russell , Klepfer Sarah , Stump Timothy E , Monahan Patrick O , Torke Alexia M 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Prior approaches to identifying potentially avoidable hospital transfers (PAHs) of nursing home residents have involved detailed root cause analyses that are difficult to implement and sustain due to time and resource constraints. They relied on the presence of certain conditions but did not identify the specific issues that contributed to avoidability. We developed and tested an instrument that can be implemented using review of the electronic medical record.

Research Design and Methods
The OPTIMISTIC project was a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services demonstration to reduce avoidable hospital transfers of nursing home residents. The OPTIMISTIC team conducted a series of root cause analyses of transfer events, leading to development of a 27-item instrument to identify common characteristics of PAHs (Stage 1). To refine the instrument, project nurses used the electronic medical record (EMR) to score the avoidability of transfers to the hospital for 154 nursing home residents from 7 nursing homes from May 2019 through January 2020, including their overall impression of whether the transfer was avoidable (Stage 2). Each transfer was rated independently by 2 nurses and assessed for interrater reliability with a kappa statistic.

Results
Kappa scores ranged from −0.045 to 0.556. After removing items based on our criteria, 12 final items constituted the Avoidable Transfer Scale. To assess validity, we compared the 12-item scale to nurses’ overall judgment of avoidability of the transfer. The 12-item scale scores were significantly higher for submissions rated as avoidable than those rated unavoidable by the nurses (mean 5.3 vs 2.6, p &lt; .001).

Discussion and Implications
The 12-item Avoidable Transfer Scale provides an efficient approach to identify and characterize PAHs using available data from the EMR. Increased ability to quantitatively assess the avoidability of resident transfers can aid nursing homes in quality improvement initiatives to treat more acute changes in a resident’s condition in place.
Evaluation of brace root parameters and its effect on the stiffness of maize
Authors: Obayes Shaymaa K , Timber Luke , Head Monique , Sparks Erin E 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Plant mechanical failure (lodging) causes significant yield loss for crops such as maize. Understanding this failure has relied on static measurements of plant biomechanics. In this study, digital image correlation techniques are used to capture dynamic motion to understand the plant mechanical behaviour of maize stalks in the presence and absence of brace roots, which are stem-borne aerial roots known to stabilize the maize stalks. The data show that brace roots function to secure the maize stalk, limiting both deflection and uplift. A finite element (FE) model is developed using ABAQUS software to validate the non-contact, video-based measured deflections captured by the dynamic motion and confirm the linear elastic behaviour of the stem, following fundamental principles of engineering mechanics. Good agreement is found between the field data captured using video-based measurements and the physics-based FE model when a rotational connector element is connected at the base to quantify the (i) relative contribution and moment resistance provided by the root system, (ii) displacement at any location along the stalk and (iii) flexural rigidity of the brace-stem system, where the rigidity can be associated with various phenotypes to design plant systems that are more resilient to lateral loading.