bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Season Insecticide Study, 1985
Authors: Luttrell R. , Bell M. , Reed J. , Gary D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The relative efficacy of 6 insecticide treatments was evaluated at Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, MS, in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied by high clearance tractors with 2 Teejet 4X nozzles/row aplying 6.5 gal/acre. Spray applications were begun at the 4th true leaf stage and reapplied on schedule for 6 applications ending after the 9 Jul application. Two treatments were included as maintenance treatments and were applied only once. Plants were scouted weekly by the whole plant method for Heliothis spp., boll weevil, plant bugs, and related damage. Plots were 4 rows (38-inch centers) by 50 ft with 2 untreated rows between plots. All plots were oversprayed with Lorsban at 0.05 lb/acre 15 Jul for aphid control. Aphids were scouted for 11 and 25 Jul in lower middle and upper regions of the plants by estimating aphids/leaf as 0, 1-5, 6-15, 16-25, and &gt;25 for 10 leaves per replicate. Mean aphids per leaf were calculated from field data. There were no statistical differences in aphid numbers between levels within treatments and data were pooled. A center row of each plot was harvested mechanically 19 Sep.
Apple, Chemical Control of Codling Moth, 1985
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Several insecticides were evaluated for their ability to provide seasonal control of codling moth. This test was conducted in a 15-year-old apple orchard with under-tree irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized block with 5 single-tree replicates per treatment. All materials were applied in a dilute spray to the point of drip (approximately 400 gal per acre) with a handgun sprayer operating at 400-500 psi. Two applications were made against first generation. IGR materials (first 5 listed) were applied at 75 degree days (9 May) after first moth was detected in pheromone traps. The second application was applied 21 days after the first (1 Jun). Guthion and Guthion-Dimilin combination were timed to coincide with predicted 3% egg hatch or 250 degree days following first moth (23 May). The second application was 21 days following the first (13 Jun). There was not a second application of the Guthion-Dimilin combination. One application was made against second generation, timed at 1000 and 1450 degree days after first moth for IGR’s and OP’s, respectively. Dimilin alone was applied against second generation in the plot which received the Guthion-Dimilin combination in first generation. All fruit on each tree were examined after first generation and at harvest. The number of damaged fruit from each tree was recorded. Codling moth adult activity was monitored using pheromone traps. Traps were examined weekly and numbers of moths recorded. Pheromones were changed every 4 wk, and trap bottoms were changed after an accumulation of 30 moths. Mites were sampled from mid-Jun through mid-Sep. Ten leaves were collected from each tree (total 50 leaves per treatment) and returned to the laboratory. Leaves were processed through a mite brushing machine and mites counted under a dissecting microscope. Mites densities are presented as mean mites per leaf for the growing season.
The Effect of Early Season Applications of Temik Soil Treatments and Orthene Seed Treatments, 1985
Authors: Ratchford Kevin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Treatments were applied to plots that were 8 rows (40 inches wide) × 75 ft long. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with 4 replications. Seed and soil treatments were applied at planting on 6 May with a John Deere 7100 series planter equipped with granular applicators. The Orthene 80SP seed treatment was prepared prior to planting using 6.4 oz/cwt seed. All plots received an infurrow treatment of Terraclor Super-X fungicide (0.25 + 1.0 lb (AI)/acre). Foliar insecticides were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a compressed air system for spraying small plots, delivering 2.5 gal/acre with two X-3 hollow cone nozzles/row. Early season foliar treatments were initiated at pinhead square stage and applied 5 times (21 and 27 Jun and 3 and 10 Jul. Sweep net data were collected by making 25 sweeps/plot on 20 and 26 Jun and 3 and 8 Jul. Heliothis and boll weevil damage was assessed on 15 Jul by pulling 25 squares/plot. All plots were oversprayed with Capture 2EC 0.04 lb (AI)/acre for major pest control on 15, 25 and 31 Jul, 19 and 28 Aug and 6 Sep. The test was defoliated with Def (6) 1.2 pt/acre on 13 Sep., Four rows from each plot were mechanically harvested on 20 Sep and 8 Oct. Yields were converted to lb sc/acre.
Large Plot Evaluation of Larvin and Ammo for Control of Heliothis on Cotton, 1984
Authors: Treacy M. F. , Benedict J. H. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A large plot field study Was conducted on a commercial farm near Rosenberg, TX, to evaluate the effectiveness of Ammo and Larvin for control of Heliothis spp. on irrigated Cotton. The treatments were compared in 38-row by 1000-ft plots of cotton planted on 40 inch rows. Treatments were replicated 6 times in a Paired block design. Beginning ca. 20 days past first-bloom, aerial applications of each treatment were made on 2 and 7 Jul. Efficacy of the Insecticides was evaluated by inspecting: (1) the terminals of 25 randomly chosen plants in each plot for the presence of Heliothis spp. larvae and 2) 25 randomly chosen squares and bolls in each plot for the presence of damage from Heliothis spp. and/or boll weevil. Seed cotton was hand-harvested from designated 10-ft sections of row in each plot for yield analysis.
Laboratory Insecticide Bioassays, M. Sanguinipes, Bozeman, Montana, 1977-1984
Authors: Mazuranich Philip C. , Onsager Jerome A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Candidate grasshopper insecticide were routinely tested under conditions of confidence that prohibited disclosure of chemical structure and bioassay results. This report summarizes tests conducted during the winters of 1977-1984 with insecticides that once were but no longer are subject to such confidence agreements. The bioassays utilized 4th or 5th stage nymphs from a permanent nondiapause laboratory colony maintained at this station. The basic diet consisted ot greenhouse grown Balbo rye seedlings and commercial wheat bran. The candidate materials were tested on a microgram (active)/gram body weight basis. The nymphs were weighed as a group to obtain the average weight per grasshopper. Topical application consisted of a 1-microliter droplet of insecticide dissolved in acetone applied to the dorsal surface of the 3rd or 4th abdominal segment. Oral application consisted of applying a l-/ii droplet of prepared solution to a 0.25 inch dia lettuce disc. After the solvent had evaporated, the disc was placed into a small tube containing J grasshopper. After the disc was eaten, or the topical droplet had evaporated from the abdomen, 10 grasshoppers for each dose were placed into a larger tube with their regular diet. Preliminary screening established a rough dosage mortality curve but candidates which gave less than 30% mortality after 72 h exposure to 40.000 µg/g for topical, or 200.0 µg/g for oral tests (about 1/4 as toxic as the malathion standard reference) wen eliminated from further testing. The remaining candidates were tested further at 4 dosage levels calculated to give roughly 20, 40, 60, and 805 mortality at 72 h after treatment. Four replicates per dosage were averaged and the LD values were determined by probit analysis.
Laboratory Tests on Grasshoppers with Thuringiensin, B-Exotoxin of Bacillus Thuringiensis, 1985
Authors: Valovage W. D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thurin-giensin was tested on third-instar nymphs and adults of 2 economically important grasshopper species. Sunflower seedlings, 15-30 cm tall, planted 6 to a flat, were sprayed to runoff with the appropriate concentration of thuringiensin mixed with water. For controls, water only was sprayed on the plants. Laboratory-reared grasshoppers were held without food 24 h before testing. The tests were conducted in a greenhouse with cages measuring 30 cm on a side. Nymphs and adults were placed in separate cages. Untreated foliage was placed in cages where treated foliage was entirely consumed. Mortality counts were taken daily for 20 days, but only 15-day mortality is reported for nymphs, and 20-day mortality for adults. Chi-square tests were used to compare each treatment with the control.
Control of Redheaded Pasture Cockchafer in Pasture, 1983
Authors: Berg G. N. , Williams P. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Six insecticides were tested on a well grazed, non-irrigated perennial ryegrass/subterranean clover based pasture against the root-feeding scarab larvae of the redheaded pasture cockchafter at Ellerslie, Victoria, Australia. The soil type at the site is a moderately acidic (pH 5.4 to 5.6) grey-brown clay loam. Treatments consisted of 3 × 3.7-m plots, replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. A 2-m wide untreated buffer separated each plot. Spray applications were made with a Drake and Fletcher mistifier at a rate equivalent to 273 liter of water per ha at 275 kPa with flat fan nozzles. Granular applications were made by mixing the granules for each plot with approximately 0.5 kg of fine sand to ensure even hand spreading. Treatments were applied on Apr 27 when the pasture was 1 to 2 cm high. Counts of live and dead cockchafer larvae were made by removing and hand sorting 3 randomly selected 19 × 19 × 15 cm deep volumes of soil from each plot at each sampling time.
Control of Grasshoppers on Rangeland with Carbosulfan, 1980
Authors: Mazuranich Philip C. , Onsager Jerome A. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The 4EC formulation of carbosulfan was applied in 1980 to 10-acre plots in 30-foot swaths with a modified John Blue Low Volume Sprayer (John Blue Company, Huntsville, AL) mounted on a ¾ ton 4-wheel-drive truck. Three dosages were applied, each in 8 fluid oz of water per acre, and were compared to a standard ULV treatment of 8 fluid oz of 95% technical malathion plus an untreated. All treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. Treatments were applied Jun 24 and 25, 9 miles NE of Melville, MT. The species listed above comprised 41, 25, 23, 4, 3, and 1.6 percent of the infestation, respectively, with 72% being adults. Three other species comprised less than 1.0 percent each of the infestation. Pretreatment densities ranged from 2.6 to 6.5/sq yd. Mortality was determined at 1,3, and 7 days posttreatment by counting with a pointer the number of grasshoppers in 50 estimated 1 sq yd quadrats per plot.
Evaluation of Insecticides to Control Biotype E Greenbugs on Grain Sorghum, 1984
Authors: DePew L. J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted in t dryland field of sorghum at the Garden City Branch Experiment Station, Garden City, KS. Eleven insecticide treatments and an untreated were replicated 4 times in randomized complete blocks separated by 0.9-m alleys. Individual plots included 4 rows 7.5 m long spaced 76 cm apart. Insecticides were applied 27 Jul to sorghum (late boot stage) as foliar broadcast sprays using a backpack CO2 pressurized sprayer equipped with Gone Jet hollow-cone sprayer nozzles (TX6). Applications were made at an operating pressure of 2.1 kg/cm2, which delivered 165.5 liters of finished formulation/ha. Air temp at treatment was 20°C and wind velocity recorded at 9.7 km/h from the SW. Total rainfall from treatment to the ast posttreatment count was 3.48 cm. Treatments were evaluated by visually counting live greenbugs on 4 plants randomly selected in each plot m 26 Jul (pretreatment), 30 Jul, 3 Aug, and 10 Aug. Yield estimates were obtained 10 Oct by hand harvesting 6 m of row from each of the center 2 rows of each plot. Samples were threshed, weighed, and yields adjusted to 12.5% moisture.
Planting Time Treatments for Greenbug (Biotype E) Control on Grain Sorghum, 1985
Authors: Kindler S. D. , Spomer S. M. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at the University of Nebraska Field Laboratory, Mead, NE, in grain sorghum planted 24 May in Sharpsburg silty clay loam (Typic Argiudoll). The experimental design for this test was a randomized complete block with 6 replications. Insecticides were applied as single-row treatments, 22 ft long and 30 inches between rows. In-furrow treatments were applied with the seed by using a seed cone mounted on a 1-row John Deere 71 Flexi-Planter. Banded treatments were applied by a V-belt applicator with a 4-inch spreader directed over the seed row. Incorporation was with a tine rake. Soil temperature at planting time was 74°F (2-inch depth). Rainfall from initial planting date to the last greenbug sampling date was measurable in inches 27 May (0.50), 29 May (0.40), 4 Jun (0.50), 11 Jun (0.70), 19 Jun (0.25), 21 Jun (0.25), 23 Jun (0.40), 26 Jun (0.80), 18 Jul (0.20), 19 Jul (2.35), and 24 Jul (0.50). The efficacy of each insecticide was evaluated by counting live greenbugs on each of 6 plants selected at random from each row at weekly or semi-weekly intervals. Greenbug counts were continued until populations had a high number of parasitized mummies (29 Jul). Dead leaf counts were made 16 Sep by evaluating 10 plants selected at random in each replication for greenbug-caused necrosis.
Sorghum Greenbug Control, 1980
Authors: Peters Leroy L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
These experiments were conducted at the University of Nebraska, South Central Research and Extension Center Farm, Clay Center, NE. Experiment 1 was arranged in a split block design with 10 replications; Experiments 2, 3, and 4 were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Plots were 4 rows (spaced 76-cm) 9.1 m long. The 2 center rows were used for insect counts and yield. In-furrow planting-time application of granules was made by directing the insecticide delivery tube from Noble metering devices into the planter shoe just behind the seed delivery tube. Banded planting-time application of granules was made by directing the granule delivery tube from Noble metering devices to in front of the planter press wheel through an 18-cm bander. Cultivation application of granules was made by directing the insecticide over the plants through the granule delivery tubes from Noble metering devices mounted on the cultivator. Foliar application of liquid insecticides was made with a compressed air plot sprayer mounted on a high-clearance ground sprayer. Drop nozzles were used so that plants received spray from the top and both sides
Greenbug and Corn Leaf Aphid Control, 1983
Authors: Peters Leroy L. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted at the University of Nebraska, South Central Research and Extension Center farm, Clay County, NE, both in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications. Plots were 4 rows wide (76-cm spacing), 9.1 m long. The 2 center rows were used for insect counts, head counts, and yield. In-furrow planting-time applications of granules were made by directing the insecticide delivery tube from Noble metering devices into the planter shoe just behind the seed delivery tube. Cultivation-time application of granules was made by directing the insecticide over the plants through granule delivery tubes from Noble metering devices mounted on a bicycle-wheeled plot applicator.
Control of Soybean Insects at Mississippi State, MS, 1985
Authors: Andrews Gordon L. , Goddard Jerome 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted on the North Plant Science Farm at Mississippi State, MS. Test plots were 6 rows 40 inches wide and 50 ft long replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. One sample was taken from each plot. A sample consisted of the insects collected by 25 sweeps of a 15-inch sweep net. The contents of each sample were transferred to paper bags killed and counted under laboratory conditions. Insecticide applications were made on 21 Sep, at 5 gal/acre. At this time the soybeans were in the late pod fill stage and some leaves were senescing. Four rows of the plot were sprayed using a 4-row spray boom mounted on a Hi-Boy with 2 nozzles/row using CO2 as a spray propellent. This test received 0.63 and 0.12 inches of rainfall on 22 and 23 Sep respectively.
Control of Soybean Insects in South Mississippi Emphasizing Biological Insecticides, 1985
Authors: Andrews Gordon L. , Goddard Jerome 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This test was conducted at Poplarville, MS. The test plots were 6 rows 40 inches wide and 50 ft long replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design One sample was taken from each plot. A sample was the insects collected by 25 sweeps of a 15 inch sweep net. The contents of each sample were transferred to paper bags, killed, and counted under laboratory conditions. Insect numbers presented here represent all sizes of green cloverworm larvae and three-cornered alfalfa hoppers nymphs and adults. Insecticide applications were made on 28 Aug at 5 gal/acre. At this time the soybeams were just starting to fill pods. Four rows of the plot were sprayed using a 4-row spray boom mounted on a Hi-Boy with CO2 as a propellent and 2 nozzles per row. Hurricane Elena passed through the Poplarville area on 2 Sep. Winds of nearly 100 mph were recorded and some defoliation and lodging of the beans was noted. The rainfall associated with the hurricane was slightly over 3 inches which is not abnormal for this area. The drop in green cloverworm numbers in the check was probably due to the high winds causing some mortality and lodging plants making sampling more difficult.
Soil-Applied Insecticide Trials for Seedcorn Maggot on Soybeans, 1985
Authors: Hammond Ronald B. , Ressler Elaine 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Thirty-six plots were established near Wooster, OH. Plots measured 22.9 m by 2 rows (76-cm centers) with 2 buffer rows between plots. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The field had a rye cover crop that was disked into the soil on 29 Apr; the rye served as an attractant for female seedcorn maggots. Soybeans were planted on 30 Apr, with applications of insecticide at planting time either in-furrow or as 7-inch bands The exception was with Agrox seed treatment which was mixed with seed before planting. A 2-row planter was used with Gandy applicators. Soil type was a Wooster silt loam. Adult seedcorn maggot traps (0.9 m by 25 cm) which allowed for sampling of the positively phototactic adults were placed over soybean rows (2 traps per plot) on 14 May. Sampling of the adults continued until emergence ceased. Plant stands were measured in Jun, and yield data recorded in Oct.
Control of Stink Bugs and Other Soybean Insects, 1985
Authors: Layton Blake , Boethel David J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were established in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in Iberville Parish LA. Each plot was 50 ft long by 8, 36-inch rows wide. On 20 Sep treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 15 gal of finished spray per acre at 30 psi. The soybeans were R6 at the time of application. Two 25-sweed samples were taken per plot at 3 and 7 days posttreatment by sweeping a single row with a 15-inch dia sweep net. On 22 Sep, 1.08 inches of rain fell on the plots.
Insect Control on Soybeans, 1985
Authors: Ratchford Kevin 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Asgrow 5474 soybeans were planted 16 May on loessial silt loam soil at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station. Plots were 6 rows (40 inches wide) × 65 ft long and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 12 Sep with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a compressed air system for spraying small plots, delivering 2.5 gal/acre with two X-3 hollow cone nozzles/row. Insect populations were sampled 16 Sep by making 25 sweeps/plot with a standard 15-inch sweep net. The center 2 rows were mechanically harvested 25 Sep. Yields were converted to bushels/acre at 13% moisture.
Banded Sunflower and Sunflower Moth Control, 1984
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Ford J. Harlan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A range, 70 ft wide × 300 ft, of sunflower was planted for use in this trial at the Southwest Experiment Station, Redwood County, MN. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block and replicated 4 times. Plot size was 4 rows 35 ft in length. Plant populations were thinned to 24000 plants per acre. Soil moisture was excellent. Foliar sprays were broadcast on 3 Aug when 3 of 10 plants (30% bloom) had male florets extended. Temperature was 93°F with slight drizzle during application. Application was made using a hand held CO2 sprayer with 40 lb psi pressure. The wand nozzles were from 12 to 18 inches above the plant heads. Seed infestation was determined by smashing heads, commingling the total material and removing 2 cupsful of this uncleaned material. 100 florets and/or seeds were examined for banded sunflower moth larval feeding. Material was then threshed and clean seed weighed for yields.
Soil Systemic and Foliar Control of Stem Weevil, 1984
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Warnes Dennis 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Plots were planted on the West Central Experiment Station at Morris, MN, on 21 May. Plots were 4 rows × 50 ft long replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design. Excessive plant populations were established and then thinned to 20,000 plants per acre (note uniformity of stand in table). Soil insecticides were applied over the row at the cotyledon stage and lightly incorporated. Foliars were applied to all 4 rows on 5 Jul. Moisture was adequate for normal plant growth and apparently so for insecticide uptake. Stand counts at onset of bloom, weevil tunnels per 2 stem cross sections from 5 plants, broken plants and yields were recorded. The first row as used for stem dissection and the center 2 rows for the remaining values.
Aphid Control in Irrigated Spring Wheat, Washington, 1985
Authors: Pike Keith S. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Seven insecticides were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling grain aphids. Insecticides were applied 8 Jul to wheat (early dough stage of growth) grown on the Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA. Pretreatment count averaged 5.1 aphids/wheat head, 8 Jul. Treatments were supplied with a hand-held sprayer calibrated to deliver 43 gpa at 40 psi. Plots were 3 × 25 ft, replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were evaluated on the total aphids present per 5 or 10 randomly selected heads from each plot at several posttreatment intervals.
Aphid Control on Late Planted Wheat Using Insecticides Injected Through Irrigation Hand Lines, 1985
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Johnston Richard L. , Bishop Guy W. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
‘Twin’ wheat was planted on 26 Apr, at the University of Idaho Research and Extension Center at Caldwell, ID, in a furrow irrigated field. Plots were 30-ft half circles centered on sprinkler heads applying ca. 3.47 gal water/minute. Injection time was 10 min with a clearing time of ca. 20 min from Rep 1 to Rep 3. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Aphids were allowed to infest and multiply naturally, then sampled by examining 20 tillers taken at random through the plot. Injection date was 10 Jul. Counts were made on 12 and 16 Jul. Yields were taken by cutting and weighing 200 heads/plot at harvest.