bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mahram for Women in the Implementation of the Hajj According to Classical and Contemporary Ulama
Authors: Hamdani Hamdani 
Published: January 2022

<p><em>Hajj is a worship required by Allāh to his servants who can carry it out. The obligation of this pilgrimage is general, covering all able-bodied Muslims, whether male or female. However, the obligation of this pilgrimage for women has raised many questions among the public. It is due to the hadith, which forbids women to travel alone without being accompanied by their husband or mahram. This study aimed to find out the opinions of classical and contemporary scholars about womens pilgrimage without being accompanied by their mahram. This research is normative analysis research in the form of library research. The method used is the method of content analysis with descriptive and comparative techniques. The study results reveal that there are differences of opinion among scholars regarding the departure of women to perform the pilgrimage, the differences of opinion occur in both classical and contemporary scholars. As with contemporary scholars, Muhammad bin Salih al-Utsaimin argues that a woman's pilgrimage without a mahram is legal, but her journey without a mahram is forbidden. Meanwhile, Yūsuf al-Qaradhāwī argues that the pilgrimage for women not accompanied by their mahram is legal and without sin</em><em>.</em></p><p> </p><p><em>Ibadah haji merupakan ibadah yang diwajibkan oleh Allāh kepada hambanya yang mampu untuk melaksanakannya</em><em>. Kewajiban ibadah haji ini bersifat umum, mencakup semua umat Islam yang mampu, apakah itu laki-laki maupun perempuan. Namun kewajiban ibadah haji ini untuk perempuan banyak menuai pertanyaan dikalangan masyarakat. Hal ini disebabkan adanya hadits Nabi yang melarang perempuan untuk melakukan perjalanan sendirian tanpa ditemani oleh suami atau mahramnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pendapat ulama klasik dan ulama kontemporer tentang perjalanan perempuan dalam pelaksanaan ibadah haji tanpa ditemani oleh mahramnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif analisis yang berbentuk library research. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisa isi (content analysis) dengan teknik deskriptif dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa terjadi perbedaan pendapat ulama tentang keberangkatan perempuan untuk melaksanakan ibadah haji, perbedaan pendapat itu terjadi baik pada ulama klasik maupun ulama kontemporer. Seperti pada ulama kontemporer, Muhammad bin Shalih al-Utsaimin berpendapat bahwa ibadah haji perempuan yang tanpa ditemani mahramnya secara fiqh sah, namun perjalanannya tanpa ditemani oleh mahram itu merupakan perjalanan yang diharamkan. Sedangkan Yūsuf al-Qaradhāwī berpendapat bahwa ibadah haji perempuan yang tanpa ditemani mahramnya secara fiqh sah dan tidak berdosa. </em></p>
Productive Waqf Model as an Alternative for Village-Owned Enterprises Business (BUMDs) Expansion
Authors: Abidillah Achmad Fadlil 
Published: January 2022

<p class="abstrak"><em>This paper aims to create a scientific framework of productive waqf as an alternative financing of business expansion</em><em>s</em><em> for BUMDes (Badan Usaha Milik Desa). The design of this research is a literature study on theories related to waqf, productive waqf, and rural development. This study finds literacy facts that waqf is a financial source commonly used by Islamic governments in the past. Then, this paper details a concept of productive waqf as an financing alternative to BUMDes’s business expansion, and a systematic model can be formed, which may be a consideration for government policies regarding BUMDes governance, and it is hoped that the application of these findings can provide great benefits for people in rural areas. This finding is expected to be a reference in the framework of scientific thinking in realizing productive waqf as an alternative financing for business expansion from BUMDes and can provide expansive benefits for people in rural areas.</em></p><p class="abstrak" align="left"> </p><p class="abstrak">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat suatu kerangka ilmiah konsep wakaf produktif sebagai alternatif pembiayaan ekspansi usaha dari BUMDes. Desain penelitian ini adalah studi kepustakaan mengenai teori-teori yang terkait dengan wakaf, wakaf produktif, serta pembangunan pedesaan. Penelitian ini menemukan fakta literasi bahwa wakaf merupakan sumber finansial yang lazim digunakan oleh pemerintahan Islam di masa silam. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini kemudian memperinci konsep wakaf produktif sebagai alternatif pembiayaan BUMDes, hingga terbentuk suatu model yang sitematis, bisa menjadi pertimbangan kebijakan pemerintah mengenai tata kelola BUMDes. Sehingga model wakaf produktif dapat menjadi pengembangan terhadap jenis usaha yang dijalankan oleh Badan Usaha Milik Desa, dengan berpatokan kepada tujuan dan prinsip wakaf produktif. Temuan Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan dalam kerangka berpikir ilmiah dalam mewujudkan wakaf produktif sebagai alternatif pembiayaan ekspansi usaha dari BUMDes dan dapat memberikan manfaat yang besar bagi masyarakat di pedesaan.</p>
The Influence of Financial Ratio and Corporate Governance on Financial Distress in Indonesian Islamic Banking Period 2013 – 2019
Authors: Syaepullah Rizki 
Published: January 2022

<p class="abstrak"><em>This study aimed to analyze the factors that affect the financial distress in the Islamic Bank in Indonesia. The scope of this research is focused on the financial ratio variables that is operational cost and operating income, capital adequacy ratio and current ratio, and also focused on the corporate governance variables such as the board of commissioners and the board of directors. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method as many as 14 Islamic bank companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, which use the data collected within period 2013 – 2019. The data used is secondary data. The analyzing data using the fixed estimation model and classic assumption test. The results of this research showed that the financial ratio variables and corporate governance variables simultaneously affect financial distress conditions. The conclusion is the Board of Directors has no significant positive effect on financial distress conditions, but the Capital Adequacy Ratio and Current Ratio have a significant positive effect on financial distress conditions. While inversely proportional with the Operational Costs and Operational Income and the Board of Commissioners have a significant negative effect on financial distress</em><em>.</em></p><p class="abstrak" align="left"> </p><p class="abstrak">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh <em>financial ratio variable</em><em>s</em> yaitu biaya operasional pendapatan operasional, <em>capital adequacy ratio</em> dan <em>current rasio</em> serta difokuskan pada <em>corporate governance</em> yang terdiri dari dewan komisaris dan dewan direksi yang mempengaruhi <em>financial distress</em> pada perbankan syariah. Sampel dipilih dengan <em>purposive sampling method</em> sebanyak 14 perbankan syariah yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan jangka waktu data pengambilan data selama 2013 – 2019. Data yang digunakan adalah <em>secondary data</em>. <em>Analysis</em> <em>data </em>menggunakan <em>fixed effect model</em> <em>estimation</em> dan <em>classic assumption test</em>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa <em>financial ratio variable</em> dan <em>corporate governance</em> secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap kondisi <em>financial distress</em>. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dewan direksi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan secara positif terhadap kondisi <em>financial distress</em>, tetapi <em>capital adequacy ratio </em>dan <em>current rat</em>io berpengaruh secara signifikan secara positif terhadap kondisi <em>financial distress</em>. Sedangkan biaya operasional pendapatan operasional dan dewan komisaris yang berpengaruh signifikan secara negatif terhadap kondisi <em>financial distress</em>.</p>
Ta’liim Al Munadzarah Al Lughawiyah fi Al Barlaman Al Asiyawiy li Al Ta’awwud ‘ala Al Kalam fi Nadii “Nafilah” Semarang
Authors: In'ami Moh , Mustofa Syaiful , Asadullah Hamzah 
Published: January 2022

<p>The aim of this research is to know the teaching of debate in a nafila, with a view to the speaking skill among the students. This research is a field study with a qualitative approach and its description is descriptive. Researchers acquire data from two sources; primary and secondary. In collecting data, by observation, interview and documentation. The method of data analysis used by researchers is the descriptive method.</p><p>The researchers found that teaching linguistic debate in the Asian Parliament to accustom the speaking skill in “Navala” brings a good result in accustoming the members of the debate class to some achievements in the Arabic debate. The educational process uses a procedural approach, its strategy is a small group, each one is trained, and self-organized learning. The oral audio and discussion is its way, and its means are the video and the WhatsApp audio message.</p><p dir="RTL">الهدف من هذا البحث هو معرفة تعليم المناظرة في نافلة مع الإطلاع على مهارة الكلام بين التلاميذ. هذا البحث دراسة ميدانية بالمدخل النوعية وصفتها الوصفي. يكتسب الباحثون البيانات من مصادرين؛الأساسية والثانوية. وجمع البيانات، بطريقة الملاحظة، المقابلة والتوثيق. أما طريقة تحليل البيانات يستخدمها الباحثون هى الطريقة الوصفية.</p><p dir="RTL">وجد الباحثون أن تعليم المناظرة اللغوية بالبرلمان الآسيوي لتعويد مهارة الكلام في "نافلة" تأتى بنتيجة جيدة في تعويد الكلام لدي أعضاء فصل المناظرة حتى يوصلهم إلى بعض الإنجازات في المناظرة العربية. تستخدم علمية التعليم في نافلة المدخل الإجرائي، إستراتيجيتها مجموعة صغيرة، كل واحد مدرب، والتعلم الذاتي المنظمة. والسمعي الشفهى والمناقشة طريقها، ووسائلها هى الفيديو والرسالة الصوتية الوتسابية. </p>
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Siswa Kelas X IPS
Authors: Jefriza Jefriza , Aima Zulfitri , Lovia Lita 
Published: January 2022

<p><em>This research is motivated by the many mistakes made by students in solving story problems. The purpose of this study was to find out the mistakes made by students in solving story problems on Trigonometry material and to find out the causes of errors made by students in working on story problems on Trigonometry material. This research method uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were students of class X IPS SMA PGRI 3 Padang in the 2020/2021 academic year who had been selected by total sampling. Instruments used for data collection in the form of tests, interviews, and documentation. The test results were analyzed based on the error according to Newman. The results showed that some students made mistakes in understanding, errors in transforming, errors in processing skills, errors in writing the final answer. The cause of this error is that students do not know what is actually being asked in the problem, and accidentally get information on the question, so they cannot complete the information for the next step, do not understand how it turns into a question. mathematical models, and not proficient in counting.</em></p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan banyaknya kesalahan yang dilakukan peserta didik dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita pada materi Trigonometri dan mengetahui penyebab terjadinya kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa dalam mengerjakan soal cerita pada materi Trigonometri. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini siswa kelas X IPS SMA PGRI 3 Padang Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021 yang telah dipilih secara total sampling. Instrument yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data berupa tes, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil tes dianalisis berdasarkan kesalahan menurut Newman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian siswa melakukan kesalahan dalam memahami, kesalahan dalam mentransformasi, kesalahan dalam keterampilan proses kesalahan penulisan jawaban akhir. Penyebab kesalahan ini adalah siswa tidak mengetahui apa yang sebenarnya ditanyakan dalam soal, dan tidak sengaja mendapatkan informasi pada soal tersebut, sehingga mereka tidak dapat melengkapi informasi untuk langkah selanjutnya, tidak mengerti bagaimana menjelma menjadi sebuah pertanyaan. model matematika, dan tidak mahir dalam menghitung.</p>
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СИСТЕМ КОМП’ЮТЕРНОЇ МАТЕМАТИКИ ПІД ЧАС ВИВЧЕННЯ НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ ФІЗИКА
Authors: Солошич Ірина , Кобильська Олена , Ляшенко Віктор 
Published: January 2022

Формулювання проблеми. Студенти вищих навчальних закладів повинні мати уявлення про комп'ютерні моделі, вільно орієнтуватися у сучасних програмних продуктах, зокрема системах комп’ютерної математики та вміти використовувати їх під час розв’язування фізичних задач. Застосування системи комп’ютерної математики Mathcad сприяє отриманню навичок аналізу та пошуку оптимальних рішень проблем, що виникають не тільки при вивченні навчальної дисципліни «Фізика», а й під час розв’язання професійних задач, підвищує зацікавленість студентів до вивчення фізики, покращує результати навчальних досягнень.
Матеріали і методи. У процесі дослідження використовувались наступні методи: теоретичні (аналіз науково-методичної літератури для виявлення стану розробленості проблеми використання можливостей систем комп’ютерної математики під час вивчення навчальної дисципліни «Фізика»); емпіричні (спостереження, аналіз та систематизація). Для розв’язування задач розділу «Кінематика» запропоновано використовувати систему комп’ютерної математики Mathcad. Показано, як за допомогою інструментів Mathcad можна інтегрувати вирази, будувати графіки функції, розв’язувати систему рівнянь (блок Given-Find), здійснювати пошук максимального значення (блок Given-Maximize).
Результати. В роботі досліджуються методичні аспекти застосування системи комп’ютерної математики Mathсad під час виконання практичних задач з навчальної дисципліни «Фізика». Розглянуто ряд задач розділу «Кінематика», зокрема задачі, в яких визначаються екстремальні значення шуканих величин (максимальна висота, максимальний кут нахилу). Для розв’язування задач запропоновано використовувати систему комп’ютерної математики Mathcad. Показано, що система Mathcad дозволяє ефективно реалізовувати такі важливі етапи розв’язання задачі пошуку екстремуму як побудова графіка, диференціювання, пошук екстремуму за допомогою спеціальних функцій в Mathcad. Застосування систем комп’ютерної математики у навчальному процесі при вивченні дисципліни «Фізика» студентами завдяки потужній графіці, засобам візуального програмування позитивно впливає на оволодіння навичками практичного використання професійних знань на основі законів фізики.
Висновки. У сучасних реаліях в умовах запровадження інформаційних технологій в навчальний процес одним із актуальних шляхів підвищення ефективності вивчення навчальної дисципліни «Фізика» є використання систем комп’ютерної математики для числових розрахунків під час розв’язання задач, обробки експериментальних даних і вивчення фізичних явищ. Впровадження системи комп’ютерної математики Mathcad під час вивчення навчальної дисципліни «Фізика» показало його ефективність, адже широкий набір можливостей даного програмного пакету дає змогу ефективно розв’язувати задачі різного рівня складності, сприяє більш глибокому розумінню фізичних законів і явищ як під час аудиторних занять, так і при самостійному опрацюванні.
Clinical and Radiological Characteristics of Critically Ill Children with COVID-19 Disease Presenting to a Resources Limited Setting Paediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kwawu Patience , Otoo Obed , Owusu Larko D , Martey Eugene , Adabie Appiah John 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundIn March 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-nCOV-2 as a pandemic. COVID-19 is characterized by a spectrum of disease syndrome commonly affecting respiratory system. Progression to severe and critical disease is seen in 20% of confirmed cases. Childhood clinical presentation and radiological features children in resource limited settings including Africa has been less described in literature. Study aimed to describe common clinical characteristics and radiological features of childhood covid-19 disease with critical illness.
Methods
Electronic records of paediatric patients aged 2 months to 14 years admitted to PICU of KATH between the period of 1st February - 31st August 2021 were respective reviewed. Clinical features were collected using a case record form and radiological features reviewed by radiologist.
ResultsPICU admitted 78 patients during the study, 8 covid-19 cases (10%); 7 confirmed and 1 probable. The median age 4 years (0-14 years), 6 males. The most common presenting features include; altered level of consciousness, breathlessness, and fever. The respiratory system was the most common site of presentation followed by circulatory system. Associated co morbid condition on admission includes sickle cell disease and road traffic accident. Six out of 7 had CXR showing abnormal features; 4 had ground glass appearance, 3 with consolidations, reticulo-nodular and pleural effusion respectively, and peri-bronchial thickening 2. Three (37.5%) presented as ARDS with severe hypoxaemia4. Echocardiography in 2 patients showed abnormalities: myocardial dysfunction, pericardial effusion and right ventricular failure. Seven (87%) received mechanical ventilation and 2 (25%) received inotrope support. PICU survival was 75% about half of the overall outcome reported on the continent2.
ConclusionThis study shows that COVID-19 and radiological features suggest severity of illness requiring critical care services including mechanical ventilation and inotrope therapy(Please rephrase sentence). Early identification and referral to centres with PICU capacity are needed for management.
Empyema and Parapneumonic effusions in children admitted to a teaching hospital in Ghana. -A retrospective review
Authors: Kwarteng Owusu Sandra , Owusu Sheila Agyeiwaa , Mahama Haruna , Okyere Isaac , Adjetey Naomi , Martey Eugene , Kwarteng Owusu Richard 
Published: January 2022

Background
Parapneumonic effusions (PPE) and Empyema are serious complications of pneumonia in children that are associated with higher morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. The introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV 13) have led to a reported decline in the episodes of complicated pneumonia in children. The organisms commonly associated with PPE and Empyema are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus though Mycobacterium tuberculosis has also been reported. There is paucity of data on children with PPE and Empyema in Ghana. We aimed to describe the profile, mode of presentation and outcomes in children admitted with PPE and Empyema to the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital.
Methods
A retrospective review of medical records (folders) and electronic data on children with PPE and Empyema admitted to the pulmonology unit from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrieved. Demographic records, immunization status, clinical presentation, length of hospital stay and outcome of admission were extracted using a Microsoft Excel. Data was then analysed with STATA version 16.
Results
Records were available for 51 children; the median age was 42 months IQR (22.5-96) and 68.6% (n=35) were males. In all 84.2% (n=38), had received all immunisations up to date for age. At presentation, 9.5% (n=4/42) had oxygen saturation <90%, whilst 43.9% (n=18/41) had axillary temperature > 38oC. The median respiratory rate was 47.5 IQR (32.8-57). The Median white cell count was 15.84 X10 9/l IQR (11.9-24.73) and median hemoglobin was 9.6 g/dl IQR (8.6-11.7). Pleural aspirate culture isolated Staphylococcus aureus for 6 patients. The rest were either not available or had no bacterial growth. Amoxicillin clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone were the most commonly used antibiotics. The median length of hospital stay was 9 days IQR (7-12) while the median length of chest tube insertion was 7 days IQR (5.5-9). In all 7.8 (n-4/51) patients died.
Conclusion
Both young and older children are affected with PPE/empyema. There is a good uptake of vaccines among children admitted for PPE/empyema, Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterial isolated from pleural aspirate culture. Most children admitted with complicated PPE/Empyema survived.
Demography and Outcomes of End-Stage Renal Diseases (ESRD) of in Children Admitted to a Renal Unit in a Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana.
Authors: Sarfo Maame Animah , Antwi Sampson , Amoah Abigail , Appiah Anna Serwaa , Obeng Esther , Obeng Patricia 
Published: January 2022

Background
The prevalence of end-stage renal disease is purported to be increasing in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) but interventions for renal replacement therapy in these settings are limited. There is limited data on the demography, clinical features, aetiology and outcomes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) admissions in LMIC. We aimed to describe the demographic profile and outcomes of End-Stage Kidney Diseases among children admitted to a paediatric renal unit in a resource-limited setting from January 2014 to December 2015.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of data of children admitted with ESRD was conducted by review of medical charts.
Results
Over the two year period reviewed there were 300 admissions into the renal unit of which 64 (21.3%) had ESRD. The mean ± SD age at presentation was 9.3 ± 3.0 years with a preponderance of females- 38 (60%) and no significant age differences according to gender. The mean ± SD eGFR on admission was 5.6 ± 2.9 ml/min/1.73m2. A total of 27 (42.2%) children with ESRD died in hospital. None of the children who survived acute admissions were offered long-term renal replacement therapy or renal transplant because these services are non-existent in Ghana.
Conclusion
ESRD is a frequent cause of admission among Ghanaian children presenting to the renal unit with no facility for Renal Replacement Therapy. All these children will thus invariably die from complications of uraemia. Steps to set up renal replacement therapy services for children in Ghana are thus urgently needed to reverse these disturbing trends.
A Continuous Time Quantum Monte Carlo as an Impurity Solver for Strongly Correlated System
Authors: Rai R.K. , Ray R.B. , Kaphle G.C. , Niraula O.P. 
Published: January 2022

We assess the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo (CT-QMC) technique with hybridization expansion for solvingthe electronic structure of the strongly correlated system LaxSr1−xVO3 . The impurity solver method implemented here shows the fair agreement with the other available Monte Carlo techniques. From the study, it is found that the CT-QMC technique clearly distinguishes metallic phase, quasiparticle phase and insulating phases of the system depending upon the strength of the correlation. In case of La0.33Sr0.67VO3 system the metal-insulator transition is found to be at U = 4.5 eV for β = 6(eV)−1. The value of U depends with the value of β, and also the value of Hund’s coupling (J) and bandwidth (W). This technique allows the particle to exchange with the reservoir of the particles and the impurity sites, which is accounted numerically to treat the temporal fluctuation of the fermionic systems termed as dynamical mean field theory (DMFT). This theory is used to explain the phenomena of MottHubbard metal insulator transition of the materials which are applicable for designing the Mottronics, Neuromorphic computing, Quantum computing and resistive memory devices.