bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microtome Cryostat Applications for Horticultural Research1
Authors: Simons Roy K. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The frozen section cryostat technique has been found to be of value in the preparation of many plant parts in horticultural research. This report includes those pocedures which can be readily adapted for horticultural studies, as differentiated from those that will need more experimentation. Some techniques are described that have proven successful with various tvpes of plant structures and textures studied in horticultural research programs.
A Low Cost, Small Plot, Bean Thresher
Authors: Stevens M. A. , Frazier W. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Threshing of large numbers of seed samples encountered in bean breeding programs has been a difficult problem to solve satisfactorily. In many cases, threshing has been done by hand with the aid of a small blower. Actual seed recovery is relatively efficient but it is painfully slow and tedious. With this method one person can normally thresh 10 to 15 small samples per hour.
Effects of Potassium on Peel Thickness and Juiciness of Lemon Fruits
Authors: Embleton T. W. , Jones W. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
An increase in the K level in orange and grapefruit trees generally increases the thickness of the peel and reduces the percentage of juice in the fruit. Data presented in this report show that an increase in K in the lemon tree has the opposite effect as that which occurs in the orange and grapefruit tree. An increase in the level in lemon trees resulted in thinner peels and in a higher percentage of juice in the fruit.
Arsenic Toxicity in the Lowbush Blueberry
Authors: Anastasia Frank B. , Kender Walter J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Calcium arsenate has been used to control the maggot in the lowbush blueberry fields of Maine since the late 1920's (6). The ability of arsenic to accumulate in the soil from repeated use to crops is known and has been reported by various researchers (1, 2, 3).
The Possibility of Wind Pollination in Pear
Authors: Westwood M. N. , Stephen W. P. , Cordy C. B. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Recently, Stephen (1) found that pear pollen was carried at least ¾ mile by wind. He was able to collect appreciable amounts of such pollen on glycerine-treated slides placed at various heights and distances from pear trees. Fully seeded Anjou pears were found scattered throughout solid-block plantings, particularly in the border rows and in the tops of trees. Some of the data were difficult to explain on the basis of known bee-flight patterns, inasmuch as the varieties tested are self-sterile.
Research Responsibilities in Horticulture1
Authors: Oberle George D. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the closing days of December of 1941, I made my first visit to Dallas when the American Association for Advancement of Science held its annual meeting here. One part of those meetings left an impression with me that has remained clearly defined during the twenty-three years that have passed since then. I heard an address prepared and presented by the late Edwin C. Miller, Professor of Plant Physiology at Kansas State University and one of the really great teachers I have known. Dr. Miller’s address was entitled, “Forty Years of Plant Physiology. Some General Impressions.” I am taking the liberty of borrowing from Dr. Miller’s address a few ideas that impressed me very strongly not only in 1941 but also today.
Pomological Aspects of Mechanizing Tree Fruit Harvesting
Authors: Claypool L. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In no other single operation in fruit production is so much labor cost involved as in harvesting. The harvest cost of sweet cherries for brining may equal two-thirds of the value of the cherries delivered to the brining plant, whereas it may be only 10-15% of the harvested value of Bartlett pears for canning, but even this is a sizable item. For centuries some control of harvesting costs has been accomplished by manipulation of tree size and shape. In recent years this approach has received additional impetus by the use of dwarfing rootstocks and new systems of training.
Effect of Storage and Stage of Flower Development on Viability of Pepper Pollen
Authors: Dempsey A. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This experiment was initiated to obtain information on short term storage of pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) pollen and to determine the effect of pollen maturity on fruit-set and seed production in peppers. Storage of pepper pollen for approximately 30 days is often desired in breeding and improvement programs for this crop. Hirose (4) concluded that differences in bud pollinations among pepper, eggplant, and tomato were due to differences in viability of their pollen. Erwin (3) reported that periods of both anthesis and dehiscence were relatively short for several varieties of pepper. Pollen longevity in general increases with decreasing temperature and decreasing humidity. Pal and Singh (6) reported that the longevity of eggplant pollen under open conditions in India was 1 day in summer and 3 days in winter. Natural cross-pollination in peppers was reported by Markus (5) to occur mainly between the hours of 7 and 11 in the morning.
A Gravity Penetrometer for Measuring Flesh Firmness in Citrus Fruits
Authors: Soost R. K. , Hotchkiss C. W. , Burnett R. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Investigations on a widely distributed variant Navel orange led to the need for reproducible, quantitative measurements of flesh firmness of orange fruits. Previous work using pressure devices on the surface of transversely-cut citrus fruits had resulted in erratic results. Whole fruit compression tests failed to show significant differences between samples of the variant and normal fruits (Table 1). In preliminary trials, dropping a pointed rod a given distance through a guide tube onto the transversely-cut fruit gave reproducible results. On the basis of the preliminary results, the present instrument, Fig. 1, was constructed and used in subsequent tests comparing variant Navel oranges with normal Navel oranges. In all plantings tested, the variant trees could be identified by means of the differences in the penetrometer measurement. The absolute values varied from planting to planting and on different sampling dates, but the differences between the two fruit types were always detectable. Results from the first plantings sampled are given in Table 1.
Arboretums - A Note of Caution on Their Use in Agriculture
Authors: Westwood M. N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Of the 90 plant collections listed by Wyman (The arboretums and botanical gardens of North America, Chronica Botanica X: 395-497, 1947) 54 indicated their chief function as either education, research, or both. These terms have different meanings to different people but either function could best be carried out if the collected species were authentic and correctly labelled.
Improving ‘Manzanillo’ Olive Seed Germination
Authors: Crisosto Carlos , Sutter Ellen G. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Manzanillo’ olive (Olea europaea L.) seeds were subjected to chemical scarification with NaOH and H2SO4 for various periods of time to determine the most appropriate treatment for improving the germination of the seeds. A critical balance of concentration and time was necessary to achieve high germination percentages without loss of viability of the seeds. H2SO4 was more effective than NaOH in increasing germination percentages. Germination percentages as high as 98% were obtained on stratified seed using H2SO4, compared to 0% without chemical scarification.
Nitrogen Effects on Monostands and Polystands of Annual Bluegrass and Creeping Bentgrass
Authors: Eggens J. L. , Wright C. P. M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) and ‘Penncross’ creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) were grown in monostand and polystand in silica sand and supplied with solutions in which 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% of the N was NH4+ and the remainder was NO3.– In polystand, annual bluegrass was more competitive than ‘Penncross’, producing more shoot and root dry weight and more tillers. Competitive ability of annual bluegrass was decreased as the percentage of NH4+ increased in nutrient solution. The decrease in competitive ability was reflected by a decline in tiller number and root and shoot dry weight. ‘Penncross’ was less affected by N form than was annual bluegrass.
Water Relations and Photosynthetic Rate of an Epiphytic Fern during a Cycle of Drying/rewatering
Authors: Savé Robert , Oriol Marfà J. , Rabella Ramon 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Plants of Asplenium nidus-avis Hort. were submitted to a cycle of drying/rewatering under controlled conditions. Xylem water potential of the fronds (ψpxylem), their stomatal conductance (g), and their net photosynthetic rate (Pn) along the matric potential of the substrate (ψm) were measured during this cycle. The relationship be tween ψpxylem and g was an exponential curve. This relationship consisted of 2 phases with a threshold of ψPxylem near –0.77 MPa (1 bar = 0.1 MPa). Above this value, there were small changes in g, but below –1.01 MPa, g decreased rapidly. Pn declined below ψpxylem –1.01 MPa. Pn and g tended to correlate at low values of g. Initial values of ψpxylem, g, and Pn were reattained 48 hr after watering.
Reducing Corolla Abscission of Streptocarpus × hybridus under Simulated Shipping Conditions with Silver Thiosulfate
Authors: Agnew Nancy Howard , Albrecht Mary Lewnes , Kent Kimmins R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Silver thiosulfate (STS) foliar sprays applied 1 and 4 weeks prior to simulated shipping reduced corolla abscission of Streptocarpus × hybridus Voss. Spray concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mm were all effective in reducing corolla abscission when appropriately timed. Sprays applied 24 hr prior to shipping caused necrotic lesions on the flowers and foliage and proved harmful in the warm, humid environment used in simulated shipping. A combination treatment with STS (2 mm) sprayed 4 weeks and again 24 hr prior to shipping showed the 4-week spray treatment to precondition the plants thereby preventing injurious effects by the 24 hr treatment and decreasing corolla abscission 46.6%. STS folair sprays applied one week prior to shipping at 0.5 him and 1.0 mm prevented corolla abscission with 0% corolla abscission after simulated shipping.
Ascorbic Acid, Riboflavin, and Thiamine Content of Sweet Peppers during Marketing
Authors: Hudson Donald E. , Butterfield James E. , Lachance Paul A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sweet peppers from wholesale and retail markets and simulated consumer storage were analyzed for total ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and thiamine. Peppers from these tests contained an overall average of 117 mg ascorbic acid/100 g freshweight (gfw), 49 μg riboflavin/100 gfw and 65 μg thiamine per 100 gfw. Among sampling dates ascorbic acid (AA) levels differed significantly, but levels of riboflavin and thiamine did not. The range of variation of the mean concentration of total AA, riboflavin, and thiamine for all marketing levels were 3.4%, 36%, and 11%, respectively. None of these variations among marketing levels, however, was statistically significant. This study supports the hypothesis that average concentrations of vitamins do not change significantly from wholesale marketing to consumption, but significant variations do occur among individual market samples.
A Rapid Method for Screening Reducing Sugar in Carrot Roots
Authors: Simon P. W. , Freeman R. E. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Eighteen methods were evaluated to quantify reducing sugars in carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots using drops of juice spotted onto chromatography paper. Reducing sugar detection with dinitrosalicylic acid was rapid (12 to 30 samples per hr) and correlated very well with values obtained by use of high performance liquid chromatography (r = 0.88 overall, ranging from 0.76 to 0.98 in a genetically diverse range of populations). High reducing sugar, low sucrose (Rs/—) roots could be distinguished from low reducing sugar, high sucrose (rs/rs) roots with little error. This method readily complements soluble solids measurement.
In Vitro Propagation of Periwinkle
Authors: Stapfer R. E. , Heuser C. W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Single node explants from in vitro derived shoots of Vinca minor L. ‘Bowlesii’ were cultured on modified woody plant medium (WPM). A more effective promoter of axillary shoot proliferation was 6-benzylamino purine (BA) than 6-furfurylamino purine (kinetin) or 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP). Maximum production of shoots 5 mm and longer occurred in a medium containing 64 μm BA and 0.1 μm α naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), whereas 64 μm BA and 1.0 μm NAA produced the most shoots 10 mm and longer. Proliferated shoots were rooted and established in a soilless medium under high humidity.
‘Vanessa’ Grape
Authors: Fisher K. H. , Bradt O. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Grape breeding was initiated at the Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario in 1913 (3). The objectives of the breeding program were to provide wine and table grapes adapted to Ontario growing conditions. ‘Vanessa’ (Fig. 1) was released by the Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario to fill the need for seedless table grapes hardy enough to withstand winter conditions in southern Ontario. This is the seventh cultivar released from this program.
A More Sensitive Insect Bioassay for Naturally Occurring Plant Products
Authors: Schwartz Robert F. , Snyder John C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Concentrations from 0.00 to 7.00 mg/ml of 2-tridecanone were applied directly to the bottom of petri dishes or to filter paper in dishes and assayed with tobacco hornworm larvae (Manduca sexta L.). The rate and extent of hornworm mortality were greater in the assay without filter paper. The LC50 for the assay with filter paper was 10.6 µg/cm2 and 4.1 µg/cm2 without filter paper. These results indicate that the test without filter paper is a more sensitive bioassay for antibiotic effects on tobacco hornworm larvae.
Phony Disease of Peach Influenced Fruit Weight and Firmness at Harvest
Authors: Evert Dean R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Weight and flesh firmness of peach fruit [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch ‘Junegold’] were measured at harvest from phony-infected and noninfected trees. Regression equations showed that fruit from phony-infected trees had an average increase in weight of 0.95 g to 1.03 g per newton decrease in flesh firmness at harvest, significantly less than the 1.69 g to 2.90 g increase per newton decrease for normal trees (P = 0.05). Internal moisture stress caused by xylem blockage in phony-infected trees may explain the changed flrmness/weight relationship during final swell.
Wholesale, Retail, and Consumer Level Losses of Nectarines in Metropolitan New York
Authors: Ceponis M. J. , Cappellini R. A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Quantitative and qualitative losses incurred in the marketing of nectarines (Prunus persica L. ‘Nectarina’ Ait) in metropolitan New York were studied at wholesale, retail, and consumer levels from 1981 to 1983. Examination of nectarines at the wholesale level indicated that losses to pathological, physiological, and physical deterioration were 3.3%. Losses of 6.6% were observed at retail store and consumer levels. Decay, mainly due to brown rot, was the leading cause of loss in wholesale and consumer level sampling, whereas mechanical damage caused most of the loss in retail.
Chilling Injury and Decay of Lemons as Affected by Ethylene, Low Temperature, and Optimal Storage
Authors: McDonald R. E. , Hatton T. T. , Cubbedge R. H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘Bearss’ lemons (Citrus limon Burm f.) stored 21 days at 1°C and held 14 days at 21° sustained 15% chilling injury (Cl) compared to 1% after 10° storage and 21° holding period. Decay, predominantly caused by Penicillium digitatum Sacc., was negligible during storage at either 1° or 10°, but developed during the holding period at 21°. After storage at 1° or 10° plus 2 weeks at 21°, decay averaged 7.4% and 0.7%, respectively. Fruit size, method of curing, and presence of oleocellosis were not related to Cl or decay development.
Lawnscape Horticulture
Authors: Roberts Eliot C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Lawnscape horticulture involves a research and education effort that runs a close parallel with landscape horticulture and fits well the research specialties identified by ASHS. Lawns separate from flowers, shrubs, and trees have limited appeal, reserved mostly for sports stadiums. The true value of the lawnscape is measured in terms of how well it fits the landscape. Turf grass science has come of age. It is well recognized through its employment of fundamental research disciplines and areas of specialization. The result is the lawnscape of the 1980s, one fit for the best of residential living wherever settlements exist.
Calcium Concentration of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples as Influenced by Foliar Sprays and Trunk Injection
Authors: Neilsen G. H. , Meheriuk M. , Moyls A. L. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
From 1981-83, 4 weekly sprays of 0.75% and 1% CaCl2 w/v, immediately prior to harvest, significantly increased fruit flesh Ca concentration of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) without the leaf phytotoxicity associated with CaCl2 sprays above 1%. In contrast, chelated Ca sprays at concentrations 2 – to 16 × label recommendations, and direct trunk injection of 1.5 liters of 1% CaCl2, did not increase fruit Ca concentration.
A Partial Economic Analysis of Three Pruning Treatments on Mature Peach Trees
Authors: Marini Richard P. , Rossi Daniel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Mature ‘Sunqueen’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees were dormant pruned in March, summer pruned in late July, or summer topped in late July for 3 consecutive years. Pruning and fruit thinning costs were lower for summer topped trees than for dormant or summer pruned trees. Yield, fruit size, and crop value were reduced by summer topping, compared to dormant pruning and summer pruning. When results were combined for 1982 and 1983, the crop value, minus pruning and thinning costs, was $16,749, $16,389, and $14,854/ha for dormant pruned, summer pruned, and summer topped trees, respectively.
Propagation of Desert Milkweed by Shoot Tip Culture
Authors: Lee Chi Won , Thomas John C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Shoot tips and stem nodes of Asclepias erosa Torr., cultured on a modified (0.5 × major salts) Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.54 µm (0.1 mg/liter) NAA and 44.4 µm (10 mg/liter) BA, produced multiple shoots in 5 weeks. Subcultures of the individual shoots on the same medium produced 5-12 new shoots 4 weeks later. Rooting of the resultant shoots was best accomplished by preculturing them for 48 hr on MS medium containing 246 or 492 µm (50 or 100 mg/liter) IB A prior to subculturing for 4 weeks on MS medium devoid of growth regulators. The rooted cultures were established successfully in soil. Chemical names used. NAA: 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. BA:N-(phenylmethyl)-lH-purin-6-amine. IBA: lH-indole-3-butanoic acid.
Effect of a Grass on Growth and Mycorrhization of Potted Apple Trees
Authors: Reich Lee 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
To determine possible interactions between effects of mycorrhiza and groundcover, micropropagated plants of Mailing 26 (M26) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) rootstock were subjected to a factorial arrangement of the following 3 treatments: mycorrhizal inoculation, presence or absence of a grass, and low or high fertilizer regime. There were no interactions of grass with inoculation apparent for any measure of apple growth, except for the number of apple root laterals, which was decreased by the grass. A 3-way interaction for apple plant concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn was due primarily to decreased concentrations of these elements under conditions of high fertility with mycorrhiza in the absence of the grass. The B concentration of inoculated apple plants also was decreased in the absence of the grass.
Breaking Bud Dormancy in Corms, Tubers, and Trees with Sulfurcontaining Compounds
Authors: Hosoki T. , Hiura H. , Hamada M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Sulfur-containing compounds, H2S, SO2, allyl sulfide, and allyl isothiocyanate broke dormancy in gladiolus (Gladiolus x Tubergenii Hort., Gladiolus spp.), Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC., or tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.). A 1% H2S treatment for 1-8 hr was most effective with the least phytotoxicity. Garlic paste/vapor, which included allyl sulfide, also was effective. H2S, allyl sulfide and garlic vapor increased the respiration rate of tubers in Platycodon grandiflorum within 15 hr after treatment.
Carbohydrates, Water Potential, and Subsequent Rooting of Stored Rhododendron Cuttings
Authors: Davis Tim D. , Potter John R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Storage of Rhododendron catawbiense Michx. ‘Roseum Elegans’ cuttings in moist burlap bags at 21° or 2°C for 21 days did not consistently reduce the percentage of rooting or rootball size. During storage, leaf water potential (ψw) of the cuttings increased from −0.47 MPa initially to −0.27 MPa after 14 days, regardless of storage temperature. Carbohydrate concentrations in the bases of the cuttings changed with time and storage temperature, but apparently neither these changes nor changes in ψw were large enough to influence subsequent rooting.
Long-day Flower Initiation by Chrysanthemum
Authors: Cockshull Kenneth E. , Kofranek Anton M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Thirty-eight cultivars of Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. commonly grown in year-round flower production programs were grown continuously in long days. After 19 weeks of growth, 2 apparently were still vegetative, whereas 36 had formed flower buds; these failed to develop to anthesis and formed “crown buds”. The average number of leaves produced before the terminal flower bud (“long-day leaf number,” LDLN) ranged from 18.8 for ‘Bright Golden Anne’ to 78.2 for ‘Dignity.’ LDLN indicates whether a cultivar will form flower buds relatively early while growing in long days, and it identifies cultivars that need special attention during cutting production. It also could be used to control flowering in “timed-pinch” programs, and to characterize cultivars for breeding programs.
‘Au-Roadside’ Plum
Authors: Norton Joseph D. , Snell J. M. , Smith D. A. , Rymal K. S. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
‘AU-Roadside’ is a new plum cultivar developed by the Dept. of Horticulture, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn Univ., for growing in areas where chilling of 700 hr of temperature below 7°C occurs. ‘AU-Roadside’ has produced high yields of excellent quality fruit where certain fruit problems and diseases occur.
“International Alumni Evaluate a Horticulture Departments Graduate Program”
Authors: Bittenbender H. C. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In the feature article “International Alumni Evaluate a Horticulture Departments Graduate Program” [HortScience 19(6):792–795, 1984] by H.C. Bittenbender, the first sentence in paragraph 2 on page 792 should read, “Administrators of 43 horticultural departments enrolling a total of 1500 graduate students, of which 290 where LDC students, indicated...”