bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benzaldehyde derivatives on tin electroplating as corrosion resistance for fabricating copper circuit
Authors: Huang Yunzhong , Yang Chao , Tan Xiang , Zhang Zhenhai , Wang Shouxu , Hu Jiacong , He Wei , Du Zhuoming , Du Yongjie , Tang Yao , Su Xinhong , Chen Yuanming 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Electrodeposited tin is a crucial corrosion-resistant metal to protect electronic interconnection and copper circuits in the manufacturing process of electronic products. The corrosion-resistant properties of electrodeposited tin can be improved with the addition of additives in electrodeposition. Three benzaldehyde derivatives including vanillin, ethyl vanillin, and veratraldehyde as brighteners were investigated for tin electrodeposition. Computational and experimental analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between coating properties and the chemical factors including the molecular structure, adsorption process, and electrochemical behavior of the brighteners. The computational work demonstrated that all three brighteners could hold high reactivity and spontaneously absorb on the tin surface. The results of linear sweep voltammetry tests (LSV) illustrated that all three brighteners effectively increased the cathode polarization but ethyl vanillin exhibited the best inhibiting performance in the tin deposition. Besides, the adsorption behavior of brighteners on the tin layer also affected the grain morphology and preferred growth orientation of the crystal surface. The corrosion rate and side erosion results both indicated that ethyl vanillin could benefit to form a tin coating with good corrosion performance to meet the requirement of copper circuit fabrication of printed circuit board.
Learning Semi Technical Vocabulary in English for Police Purposes: A Case Study
Authors: Mićović Dragoslava , Beko Lidija , Mami Naile Mala 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis paper will present the results of a case study carried out with the students of Forensic Engineering at the University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies in Belgrade for two consecutive academic years. The goal of the study was to determine if and to what extent the receptive vocabulary size acquired during previous education will influence the acquision of semi-technical vocabulary covered by two one-semester English courses. The data have been gathered using both a questionnare and relevant tests. The statistical processing of data has enabled better intepretation of the results obtained.
Degrees of Linguistic and Cultural Mediation in Legal Translation
Authors: Vîlceanu Titela , Tanciu Maria Georgiana Stoenică 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The interconnection between language, culture and ethics is a commonplace within the field of translation studies, more particularly, when discussing legal translation. The role of the translator as a communicator and cultural mediator has long been established. However, the question arises how far the legal translator of EU texts can and is entitled to mediate between legal systems and cultures.
Expressionism and Deutsche Physik: Gottfried Benn, Hugo Dingler and »The Collapse of Science«, 1927–1933
Authors: Rot Avraham 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This article demonstrates that Gottfried Benn’s critical reflections on physics and mathematics in his prose writings between 1927-1933 were substantially inspired by a 1926 book entitled Der Zusammenbruch der Wissenschaft und der Primat der Philosophie and authored by the philosopher of science Hugo Dingler, an ardent opponent of Albert Einstein’s relativity theory who came to play a leading role in the movement known as Deutsche Physik during the Third Reich. This underexplored dimension of Benn’s science critique attests to the depth of his involvement in the intellectual-ideological discourse accompanying the emergence of National Socialism. The historical unfolding of Benn’s relation to physics and mathematics after 1933, however, highlights the shared vulnerability of expressionism and these ›exact sciences‹ to being interchangeably denounced as ›abstract‹, ›degenerate‹ and ›Jewish‹ on the one hand and the divergent fates of art and natural science under National Socialism on the other. This is demonstrated by way of a new reading of the essay Bekenntnis zum Expressionismus, published in November 1933, where Benn surprisingly moved away from the critique of modern physics and mathematics and towards an identification of expressionism with these fields.
Form und Medium der Digitalisierung
Authors: Baecker Dirk 
Published: November 2022

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag schlägt einen soziologischen Begriff der Digitalisierung vor, der im Anschluss an Niklas Luhmann von einer Theorie der strukturellen Kopplung verschiedener Typen von Systemen an ihre Umwelten – inklusive anderer Systeme in diesen Umwelten – ausgeht. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass Strukturen der Digitalisierung im Medium technischer Systeme mit Strukturen der Kopplung im Medium sozialer und psychischer Systeme verglichen werden können. Der Beitrag sucht den Anschluss an eine Theorie digitaler Objekte, die als Formen im Medium von Schnittstellen analysiert werden können. Mithilfe des Formbegriffs von George Spencer-Brown findet diese Theorie der Digitalisierung zurück zur Frage nach den Unterscheidungen, die eine analoge Umwelt „digitalisieren“, das heißt in diskrete Werte übersetzen, die untereinander geordnet, verschaltet und verrechnet werden können. Für die soziologische Forschung bedeuten diese Überlegungen, dass eine Theorie der Digitalisierung nur ausgearbeitet werden kann, wenn sie ein größeres Augenmerk auf die Strukturen hat, die es organischen, neuronalen, psychischen, sozialen und technischen Systemen ermöglichen, sich in ihren Umwelten und im Medium ihrer wechselseitigen Konfrontation mit Komplexität zu synchronisieren.
Culture of Society: The Concept of Culture in the Age of the World Society
Authors: Tada Mitsuhiro 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis article aims to formulate the relation between culture and society from the perspective of Niklas Luhmann’s theory of self-referential social systems. Traditional sociological theories, such as those proposed by Talcott Parsons and Alfred Schutz, consider the social to be based on a common culture among people. This idea posits that a society must be defined as asociety of culturebecause it is a product of culture. Conversely, the theory of self-referential social systems does not presuppose such a common basis for the social. Even without a shared culture, a social system always emerges based on mutual intransparency (i. e., double contingency among people) and subsequently begins to control itself by remembering and forgetting the memory of its own operations. This memory is called culture, and it results from self-referential system operations. Therefore, as a product of the social system, culture can be described as aculture of a social system. This formulation is also applicable to the de-nationalized and de-territorialized world society. The world culture, or theculture of society, means contingency. As the eigenvalue of the world society, contingency gives the orientation of the further system-differentiation to the world society. Consequently, by placing the social before the cultural, a theoretical framework can be established for describing and analyzing the current world situation, in which cultures are being differentiated with many associated issues.
Sociocultural Evolution and Social Differentiation: The Study of the History of Society and the two Sociologies of Change and Transformation
Authors: Stichweh Rudolf 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Sociology has two interesting and useful theories of social change: differentiation theory and the theory of sociocultural evolution. Both have their origins in biological theory (embryology and general biology); both have been completely sociologized over more than a hundred years. Evolution is a theory about the interplay of structures and events in communication systems; differentiation is a theory about sorting processes that are the starting point of the formation of new systems with new system/environment distinctions. If one understands and analyzes these two theories in this way – and that is what the present paper does – the complementarity of evolution and differentiation becomes clearly visible. Most sociologists are not aware of this complementarity. The goal of this paper is to correct this deficiency.
Exercise Technique: The Landmine Row
Authors: Lincoln Merrick A. , Sapstead Gareth W. , Moore Kayla N. , Weldon Anthony 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The landmine row is an upper-body pulling exercise using a barbell as a lever. This column provides the strength and conditioning coach with a summary of trained musculature, technique descriptions for common landmine row variations, suggested instructional cues for improving technique and performance, an overview of unique exercise biomechanics, and programming recommendations.
Stearate‐derived very long‐chain fatty acids are indispensable to tumor growth
Authors: Chu Qiaoyun , Liu Ping , Song Yihan , Yang Ronghui , An Jing , Zhai Xuewei , Niu Jing , Yang Chuanzhen , Li Binghui 
Published: November 2022

AbstractReprogramming of lipid metabolism is emerging as a hallmark of cancer, yet involvement of specific fatty acids (FA) species and related enzymes in tumorigenesis remains unclear. While previous studies have focused on involvement of long‐chain fatty acids (LCFAs) including palmitate in cancer, little attention has been paid to the role of very long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Here, we show that depletion of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC1), a critical enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, inhibits both de novo synthesis and elongation of VLCFAs in human cancer cells. ACC1 depletion markedly reduces cellular VLCFA but only marginally influences LCFA levels, including palmitate that can be nutritionally available. Therefore, tumor growth is specifically susceptible to regulation of VLCFAs. We further demonstrate that VLCFA deficiency results in a significant decrease in ceramides as well as downstream glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins, which impairs mitochondrial morphology and renders cancer cells sensitive to oxidative stress and cell death. Taken together, our study highlights that VLCFAs are selectively required for cancer cell survival and reveals a potential strategy to suppress tumor growth.
Differential phosphorylation of Clr4SUV39H by Cdk1 accompanies a histone H3 methylation switch that is essential for gametogenesis
Authors: Kuzdere Tahsin , Flury Valentin , Schalch Thomas , Iesmantavicius Vytautas , Hess Daniel , Bühler Marc 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMethylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9) is a hallmark of heterochromatin that plays crucial roles in gene silencing, genome stability, and chromosome segregation. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Clr4 mediates both di‐ and tri‐methylation of H3K9. Although H3K9 methylation has been intensely studied in mitotic cells, its role during sexual differentiation remains unclear. Here, we map H3K9 methylation genome‐wide during meiosis and show that constitutive heterochromatin temporarily loses H3K9me2 and becomes H3K9me3 when cells commit to meiosis. Cells lacking the ability to tri‐methylate H3K9 exhibit meiotic chromosome segregation defects. Finally, the H3K9 methylation switch is accompanied by differential phosphorylation of Clr4 by the cyclin‐dependent kinase Cdk1. Our results suggest that a conserved master regulator of the cell cycle controls the specificity of an H3K9 methyltransferase to prevent ectopic H3K9 methylation and to ensure faithful gametogenesis.
Diagnosis Code and Health Care Utilization Patterns Associated With Diagnostic Uncertainty
Authors: Marshall Trisha L. , Hagedorn Philip A. , Sump Courtney , Miller Chelsey , Fenchel Matthew , Warner Dane , Ipsaro Anna J. , O’Day Peter , Lingren Todd , Brady Patrick W. 
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Diagnostic uncertainty is challenging to identify and study in clinical practice. This study compares differences in diagnosis code and health care utilization between a unique cohort of hospitalized children with uncertain diagnoses (UD) and matched controls.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
This case-control study was conducted at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center. Cases were defined as patients admitted to the pediatric hospital medicine service and having UDs during their hospitalization. Control patients were matched on age strata, biological sex, and time of year. Outcomes included type of diagnosis codes used (ie, disease- or nondisease-based) and change in code from admission to discharge. Differences in diagnosis codes were evaluated using conditional logistic regression. Health care utilization outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), hospital transfer, consulting service utilization, rapid response team activations, escalation to intensive care, and 30-day health care reutilization. Differences in health care utilization were assessed using bivariate statistics.

RESULTS
Our final cohort included 240 UD cases and 911 matched controls. Compared with matched controls, UD cases were 8 times more likely to receive a nondisease-based diagnosis code (odds ratio [OR], 8.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7-11.2) and 2.5 times more likely to have a change in their primary International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, diagnosis code between admission and discharge (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.9-3.4). UD cases had a longer average LOS and higher transfer rates to our main hospital campus, consulting service use, and 30-day readmission rates.

CONCLUSIONS
Hospitalized children with UDs have meaningfully different patterns of diagnosis code use and increased health care utilization compared with matched controls.
Fatores associados ao desempenho no Miniexame do estado mental de idosos jovens e longevos social e fisicamente ativos – um estudo comparativo
Authors: Machado Julia de Freitas , Argimon Irani Iracema de Lima , Bós Ângelo José Gonçalves 
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: comparar o desempenho no Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM) de idosos jovens e longevos social e fisicamente ativos de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Métodos: a população estudada foi composta por idosos jovens (60-79) e longevos (80 ou mais). Para comparar o desempenho entre os dois grupos de idosos foi realizado um questionário sociodemográfico e um de saúde, que avaliou também atividades semanais e satisfação em relação à funcionalidade familiar. Igualmente foi investigada a presença de sintomas depressivos através da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica Reduzida. Resultados: foram avaliados 135 idosos, entre eles, 111 jovens e 24 longevos. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas avaliações cognitivas entre os dois grupos. A escolaridade elevada foi um fator significativo para o melhor desempenho no Miniexame do Estado Mental. Ter poucos sintomas depressivos, manter-se fisicamente ativo e ter o hábito de ler semanalmente também foram fatores importantes para melhor desempenho no Miniexame do Estado Mental. Conclusão: concluímos que o bom nível educacional, a baixa prevalência de sintomas depressivos, a boa autopercepção de saúde e a prática regular de atividade física foram variáveis importantes na manutenção do bom nível cognitivo, tanto em idosos jovens quanto em idosos longevos.
Prediction of banana quality during storage by brown area
Authors: Zhou C.Y. , Cheng Q.W. , Chen T. , Meng L.L. , Sun T.G. , Hu B. , Yang J. , Zhang D.Y. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractTo study the feasibility of evaluating the quality characteristics of banana based on the browning area. The texture characteristics, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, relative conductivity, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities in banana peels were detected during storage. A linear model was made by principal component analysis and multiple linear regression between the banana browning area and characteristic indices. The results showed that the changes in the physiological characteristics of bananas were significantly different during different storage periods. The main factors that affected the banana browning area were relative conductivity, PAL, TSS, and MDA, indicating that lipid peroxidation, respiration, and metabolism of phenylpropanoids had significant influence on the banana browning area during storage. Thus, it is feasible to predict banana quality based on changes in browning area, which could be a rapid and non-destructive detection of banana quality during storage.
Assessing and validating young Kazakhstanis’ reading skills in English, the impact of classroom climate, and their engagement on reading skills
Authors: Akhmetova Aigul , Soeharto Soeharto , Imambayeva Gaysha , Csapó Benő 
Published: November 2022

Improving reading skills in English for young Kazakhstani learners is a challenging process, but it was unfortunate that teachers in Kazakhstan do not frequently apply and implement assessments in the context of a school or classroom. Following a pilot study conducted in 2018, a continuous assessment was considered necessary to highlight the errors and challenges related to such unfortunate condition. This study performed validation and assessment of reading skills in English as a foreign language (EFL) within a classroom climate and in relation to the engagement of students in grades 6 and 8 in Kazakhstan. The participants were chosen randomly from seven secondary schools in a major city. The first language of all the participants (N = 1,206) was either Kazakh or Russian. Data from 906 students following data screening were analyzed. EFL Reading comprehension tests and a questionnaire regarding the students’ classroom climate and engagement were administered via the eDia online assessment platform. The analysis involved an exploratory factor analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis, and an internal consistency test using Cronbach’s alpha, composite reliability, and construct validity. To determine the effects of factors detected from the background variables on students’ reading results in EFL, a regression analysis was conducted. As results, no gender differences were found for either grade. However, in grade 6, students whose first language was Kazakh performed better than the students whose first language and/or language spoken at home was Russian. In grade 8, the differences between Kazakh and Russian students were negative but non-significant. Nevertheless, despite the weak relationship between the latent factors and reading skills, both grades showed a good model fit to the data and good factor loadings. Implication of the study and further research are also discussed.
Türk Ordusunda Kadının Yeri: Tarihi Perspektiften Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Korkmaz Erdal 
Published: November 2022

XIX. yüzyıl, dünyada önemli ve geri dönülemez değişikliklerin olduğu bir dönem olmuştur. Özellikle Sanayi İnkılâbı sonucu evrilen dünya düzeni, erkeğin yanında kadının da iş yaşamında yer almasına etki etmiştir. Liberalleşen dünyada kadın hak ve özgürlükleri daha çok gündeme getirilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu durum kadınların, profesyonel olarak çalışma hayatına girmesi ve toplumsal yaşamda daha çok söz sahibi olmasına yol açmıştır. Toplumların geleneksel anlayışları, siyasi gerçeklikleri, hayat felsefeleri veya dini kuralları gibi farklılıklar, ordularında kadın istihdamına yer verilip verilmeme sürecini etkilemiştir. XIX. ve XX. yüzyılda yaşanan insan odaklı değişim ve dönüşüm süreci, dünya toplumlarını olduğu kadar Türk toplumunu da etkilemiştir. Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün başlattığı Türk modernleşmesi, kadının her alanda istihdamını öngörmüştür. Bu durum, kadınlara sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasal hakların verilmesine zemin hazırlamıştır. Atatürk’ün başlattığı bu süreç, İkinci Dünya Harbi sonrasında Türk ordusunda kadınlara yer verilmesine etki etmiştir. Bu değişimde yaşam standardının yükselmesi, toplumsal bakış açısının dönüşümü ve eğitim seviyesinin artması gibi toplumsal refah ve kalkınmaya dönük eylem ve fiillerin etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Türk Ordusu’nda kadının yerine tarihi bir perspektiften bakılarak, MSB Arşiv ve Askerî Tarih Daire Başkanlığı (ATASE) Arşivi’nden alınan arşiv belgeleri ve tetkik eserler kapsamında konu değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, Türk Ordusu’nda kadın istihdamı ve ilk kadın subayların kimler olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Böylece, toplumsal değişim ve dönüşüm sürecinde cinsiyet farklılıkları gözetilmeden kadının orduda yer almasının önemli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, ilk dönemlerde gönüllülük esası ile orduda görev alan Türk kadınının; değişen siyasal, toplumsal, ekonomik ve teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak profesyonel anlamda askerî platformlarda görev aldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
3D finite-difference method using discontinuous grids
Authors: Aoi Shin , Fujiwara Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe have formulated a 3D finite-difference method (FDM) using discontinuous grids, which is a kind of multigrid method. As long as uniform grids are used, the grid size is determined by the shortest wavelength to be calculated, and this constitutes a significant constraint on the introduction of low-velocity layers. We use staggered grids that consist of, on one hand, grids with fine spacing near the surface where the wave velocity is low, and on the other hand, grids whose spacing is three times coarser in the deeper region. In each region, we calculated the wavefield using a velocity-stress formulation of second-order accuracy and connected these two regions with linear interpolations. The second-order finite-difference (FD) approximation was used for updating. Since we did not use interpolations for updating, the time increments were the same in both regions. The use of discontinuous grids adapted to the velocity structure resulted in a significant reduction of computational requirements, which is model dependent but typically one-fifth to one-tenth, without a marked loss of accuracy.
The receiver structure beneath the China Digital Seismograph Network stations
Authors: Mangino S. , Priestley K. , Ebel J. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Six new crustal models for the region beneath the China Digital Seismograph Network stations are obtained by inversion and forward modeling broadband teleseismic P-wave receiver functions. The seismic phases modeled are primarily P-to-S conversions and reverberations generated at the two highest impedance interfaces: the Moho and the sediment-basement contact; these are the best-constrained features of the crustal models. Receiver functions from all of the stations show some indication of laterally varying structure, but relatively simple 1D models can represent the crustal structure beneath the three stations in northeast China and the two stations on the margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The station on the northern flank of the Tien Shan mountains is on a complex upper crustal structure that we represent with a 2D crustal model. Crustal velocity models and Moho depths from the receiver function analysis are compared with other compilations of Chinese crustal structure. These closely agree for the more uniform crustal region in northeastern China, but the differences are greater in southern and western China, where the crustal structure is more complex.