bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indian SMEs in Global Value Chains: Status, Issues and Way Forward
Authors: Mukherjee Sonia , Mukherjee Arpita 
Published: April 2022

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) account for bulk of the enterprises in most countries and play a crucial role in global value chains (GVCs). In India, micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) constitute around 30% of the gross domestic product (GDP), accounts for 50% of exports and a major share in employment. Under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan, the Central government intends to enhance the share of MSMEs in exports to 60% in the next 5 years. The government also plans to increase the contribution of the MSMEs to 40% of the GDP. In this context, this article examines how effective the government policies have been in the past 10 years to help Indian MSMEs integrate in the GVCs. It first presents an overview of the MSMEs in India, focusing on their exports and global market integration. It then examines the schemes and policies of the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, and provides an empirical estimation (2000–2001 to 2020–2021) of the impact of government schemes/programmes on MSMEs integration in the GVCs. Based on key informant interviews, it identified the core issues faced by the MSMEs and makes recommendation on how to address them, so that, the targets set by the government for enhancing the contribution of the sector to GDP and exports can be achieved. JEL Codes: F10, G28, O10, O20, O57
Cervical Spine Motion Requirements From Night Vision Goggles May Play a Greater Role in Chronic Neck Pain than Helmet Mass Properties
Authors: Barrett Jeff M. , Healey Laura A. , Fischer Steven L. , Callaghan Jack P. 
Published: April 2022

Background Chronic Neck Pain (CNP) among rotary-wing aircrew is thought to stem from night vision goggles (NVG) and counterweight (CW) systems which displace the centre of mass of the head. This investigation aimed to quantify the loads acting on the neck as a function of movement magnitude (MM), helmet conditions, and movement axes in rapid movements. Methods Cervical spine kinematics during rapid head repositioning tasks for flexion-extension (FE) and axial rotation (AR) movements were measured from 15 males and 15 females. Participants moved in either a 35° (Near MM) or 70° arc (Far MM), while donning a helmet, helmet with NVG, helmet with NVG and a typical CW, and a CW Liner (CWL). Measured EMG from three muscles bilaterally and used to drive a biomechanical model to quantify the compression and shear acting at the C5-C6 joint. Results In AR, the NVGs were associated with the largest compression magnitudes, 252 (24) N. CW conditions decreased the maximum compression to 249 (53) N. For FE, the compression was 340 N for the Far MM trials and 246 N for Near MMs. Changing the helmet configuration only modestly influenced these magnitudes in FE. Conclusion Every 30° of MM increased compression by 57 to 105 N. The reduction of the moment of inertia by 16% in the CWL did not reduce reaction forces. Joint loads scaled proportionately with head-supported weight by a factor of 2.05. The magnitudes of loads suggest a cumulative loading pathway for CNP development.
Convergent Validity and Test-Retest Reliability of the Unsupported Upper Limb Exercise Test in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain
Authors: Karazeybek Zeynep Busra , Naz İlknur 
Published: April 2022

Chronic neck pain (CNP) causes decreased functionality of the upper extremity. A standardized measurement tool is needed for evaluating upper limb capacity in patients with CNP. The unsupported upper-limb exercise test (UULEX) is a simple, inexpensive field test developed to measure peak arm exercise capacity, but there has been no report of its validity and reliability for use with patients with CNP. Our aim in this study was to determine the validity and test-retest reliability of the UULEX for this purpose. In this cross-sectional observational study, 44 patients (33 women, 11 men; M age = 37.7, SD = 13.2 years), performed the UULEX twice, within a 1-week interval for test-retest reliability as measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We correlated the UULEX with the Six Minute Pegboard Ring Test (6PBRT), the 30-second Push-Up Test, and the Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) to assess its convergent validity. The UULEX demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability with ICC = 0.97 and 0.95 for test duration and the final weight on board, respectively. We found moderate to strong correlations between the UULEX and the 6PBRT ( r = 0.844), the 30-second Push Up Test ( r = 0.741) and the DASH ( r = −0.639), and all were significant, ( p < 0.05). MDC values were determined to be 57.7 seconds for test duration and 0.22 kg for final weight on board. Thus, the UULEX test was valid and reliable for assessing upper extremity functional capacity in patients with CNP.
Representation, Belongingness, and Rumination in Underrepresented Psychology Students
Authors: Snidman Hannah R. , Rice Lindsay , Sparger Kade 
Published: April 2022

Background Research examining STEM fields has identified barriers for traditionally marginalized groups pursuing these fields including a lack of representation and adequate role models. Objective Grounded with Minority Stress Theory (MST), the current study examines if a lack of inclusivity in typical course materials could create minority stress for two distinct marginalized student groups: racial and ethnic minority students (REM), and gender and sexual minority students (GSM). Method Students were presented several questionnaires to understand their perceived representation of similar others in typical course materials, along with measures examining typical stress responses including feelings of belonging and rumination. Results Results indicate that traditionally marginalized groups perceive less representation in course materials, feel less belonging and comfort in academic spaces, and suffer from more rumination. Conclusion As demonstrated in this study, underrepresented minority (URM) students experience a disadvantage in education in terms of feelings of belonging and representation, which can lead to increased rumination. Teaching Implications In STEM fields, course materials need to include more representation for URM students to reduce the stress that can result from this lack of exemplars.
Measures of self-regulation used in adult rehabilitation populations: A systematic review and content screening
Authors: Mol T.I. , van Bennekom C.A.M. , Scholten E.W.M. , Post M.W.M. 
Published: April 2022

Objective We aimed to identify generic measures of self-regulation and to examine the degree to which these measures fit a recently developed conceptual model of self-regulation in a rehabilitation context. Data sources Pubmed, Embase, PsycInfo, and CINAHL were searched. Review methods Articles were included if they were published between January 2015 and August 2020 and reported on empirical studies (trials and observational studies) using a measure of self-regulation or a related concept, in an adult rehabilitation population. Main content was analysed by linking all items of the selected measures to one or more of the six sub-themes of self-regulation: (1) insight into physical and cognitive impairments, (2) insight into the consequences of the impairments, (3) insight into abilities, (4) to be able to communicate limitations, (5) trust in body and functioning, and (6) make use of abilities. Results Two reviewers independently screened 7808 abstracts, resulting in the inclusion of 236 articles. In these articles, 80 different measures were used to assess self-regulation or related concept. Nineteen of these measures met the inclusion criteria and were included for the content analyses. Nine of these were self-efficacy measures. No measures covered four or more of the six sub-themes of self-regulation. The three sub-themes on gaining insights were covered less compared to the sub-domains ‘trust’ and ‘make use of abilities’. Conclusions Many measures on self-regulation exist None of these measures cover all six sub-themes of self-regulation considered important to measure self-regulation as a rehabilitation outcome.
The cortical silent period in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on disease stage and antipsychotic medication
Authors: Miyazawa Atsuhiro , Kanahara Nobuhisa , Shiko Yuki , Ozawa Yoshihito , Kawasaki Yohei , Komatsu Hiroshi , Masumo Yuto , Nakata Yusuke , Iyo Masaomi 
Published: April 2022

Background: Although numerous studies reported some changes of cortical silent period (CSP), an indicator of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function in central nervous system, in schizophrenia patients, it has been unknown how the disease stage and antipsychotic medication affect CSP values. Methods: The present study conducted a systematic review of previous literature comparing CSP between schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects, and then performed meta-analysis on the effects of (1) the disease stage and (2) antipsychotics on CSP. Results: (1) In the comparison of the disease stage comprising a total of 17 reports, there was no significant difference in CSP between patients under drug-naïve first-episode psychoses and healthy controls, or between patients with antipsychotic medication and healthy controls. (2) In the comparison of the antipsychotic class, patients treated with clozapine were longer in CSP compared to healthy controls. Patients treated with olanzapine/quetiapine or with other type of antipsychotics were not different from healthy controls. Regarding other type of antipsychotics, the iteration analysis after leaving out one literature showed that patients were shorter in CSP than healthy controls. Conclusion: The results showed that clozapine seems to surely prolong CSP, indicating the enhancement of GABA transmission via GABAB receptors, suggesting the possible relationship between the CSP prolongation by clozapine and its high efficacy in psychopathology. The finding of shorter CSP in patients with other type of antipsychotics was distinct from clozapine/olanzapine/quetiapine, but was difficult to interpret since this group included a variety of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) methodologies and patients’ background.
Hyodeoxycholic acid inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia inflammatory responses through regulating TGR5/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Zhu Han , Bai Yuyan , Wang Gaorui , Su Yousong , Tao Yanlin , Wang Lupeng , Yang Liu , Wu Hui , Huang Fei , Shi Hailian , Wu Xiaojun 
Published: April 2022

Background: Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) is a natural secondary bile acid with enormous pharmacological effects, such as modulating inflammation in neuron. However, whether HDCA could suppress microglial inflammation has not been elucidated yet. Aims: To determine the anti-microglial inflammatory effect of HDCA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) models and its mechanisms. Methods: The effect of HDCA was evaluated in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells in vitro and the cortex of LPS-treated mice in vivo. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to visualize the localization of nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 (Iba-1), respectively. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines was measured by RT-qPCR. The protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), takeda G-coupled protein receptor 5 (TGR5), and the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), NF-κB, and inhibitor of NF-κB protein α (IκBα) was examined by Western blot. Results: HDCA inhibited the inflammatory responses in LPS-treated BV2 cells and in the cortex of LPS-treated mice, evidenced by decreased production of inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, COX-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. Further study demonstrated that HDCA repressed the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activity of NF-κB and inhibited the activation of AKT in BV-2 cells induced by LPS. Meanwhile, addition of TGR5 inhibitor, triamterene, abolished the effects of HDCA on TGR5, AKT, and NF-κB. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that HDCA prevents LPS-induced microglial inflammation in vitro and in vivo, the action of which is via regulating TGR5/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Clinicogenomic Characteristics and Treatment of Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated With Palliative Therapy in Real-World Practice
Authors: Jeong Hyehyun , Lee Eunjung , Kim Deokhoon , Kim Jihun , Kim Sun Young , Hong Yong Sang , Kim Tae Won , Kim Jeong Eun 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Young-onset colorectal cancer (YOCR) is increasing. This study aimed to determine the difference between advanced YOCR and non-YOCR patient outcomes. Methods We retrospectively included patients with recurrent/metastatic colorectal cancer treated with palliative systemic therapy between 2016 and 2018. Diagnosis at < 50 years was defined as YOCR. Targeted sequencing was used to assess the mutational status. Results Among the 969 patients included, 210 (21.7%) were YOCR. The median progression-free survival with first-line chemotherapy (PFS1) was 9.7 vs 9.4 months ( P = .755), and the median overall survival (OS) was 25.9 vs 22.3 months ( P = .581) in the YOCR and the non-YOCR group, respectively. However, the youngest patients diagnosed at < 30 years showed poorer survival outcomes (median PFS1, 3.9 months; median OS, 8.6 months) compared with other age groups. PFS1 did not differ between YOCR and non-YOCR by choice of treatment regimen. Among the 340 patients with targeted sequencing results, YOCR had fewer APC mutations (61% vs 80%), but had similar KRAS (53% vs 48%), NRAS (7% vs 3%), and BRAF class I mutations (4% vs 6%). The median tumor mutational burden (TMB) was 10.9 vs 12.5 mut/Mb in YOCR and non-YOCR patients, respectively ( P = .064). TMB increased with age in tumors with high microsatellite instability (Pearson’s R = .69, P = .028), but not in microsatellite-stable tumors ( R = .02, P = .658). Conclusions Survival outcomes with palliative systemic therapy were similar between recurrent/metastatic YOCR and non-YOCR with an age cut-off of 50 years. However, patients diagnosed at < 30 years of age showed poorer outcomes compared with other age groups.
Lichenoid drug eruption associated with imatinib mesylate therapy
Authors: Alexandris Dimitrios , Alevizopoulos Nektarios , Marinos Leonidas , Kanellis Georgios , Gakiopoulou Charikleia 
Published: April 2022

Introduction Imatinib Mesylate (IM), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been reported to cause several adverse reactions, most of them with cutaneous involvement. Non- Lichenoid IM associated skin reactions have been sufficiently- recorded. To our knowledge, Lichenoid Drug Eruption (LDE) is recorded in a minority of registries. Case report To describe an LDE induced case by IM treatment. Treatment and outcome Histological Confirmation and promptly dermatological consultation relieved successfully the cutaneous adverse event. Discussion Ongoing expansion of IM usage in a wide spectrum of new indications is more likely to make physicians experience such LDE cutaneous side effects more often. Hence, they should be highly suspicious to early detect these distinct histologic entities, handle these undesired complications and guarantee satisfactory immediate outcomes, avoiding frivolous IM dosage modifications.
Effectiveness of a Promotores Network to Improve Health in an Emerging Latino Community
Authors: Taverno Ross Sharon E. , Liang Hai-Wei , Cheng Jessica , Fox Andrea , Documet Patricia I. 
Published: April 2022

Background Latinos living in emerging communities (i.e., nontraditional destinations with a small but growing population) face obstacles to their mental and physical health. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 6-month, promotor-led intervention on access to care, physical activity, dietary practices, and perceived social support among Latino adults living in an emerging community, compared with a nonrandomly assigned control group. Method Participants ( n = 81 intervention; n = 86 control) were drawn from Allegheny county, Pennsylvania. Promotores used an intervention tool offering nondirective social support to assist participants in developing SMART goals to address their life concerns in eight domains (e.g., social, diet, and exercise/recreation); the control group received printed materials. Participants completed a survey in Spanish at baseline and follow-up to assess outcomes and had their height and weight measured. Adjusted linear mixed effects models compared change in outcomes over time. Results There was a marginally significant improvement in dietary practices in the intervention group at follow-up, and no change in access to care. Both groups experienced an improvement in social support. There was a significant intervention-by-time interaction such that the intervention group increased physical activity by 259 minutes/week compared with the control group. Conclusion This study demonstrates the potential effectiveness of a promotores network in assisting individuals living in an emerging Latino community to address their life concerns and improve health behaviors. Future studies should include objective and more rigorous measures with a larger sample to replicate these results.
Long-term surgical outcomes of two different Ahmed Valve implantation techniques in refractory glaucoma: Scleral flap vs scleral tunnel
Authors: Papadopoulos Kosmas , Schröder Frank Michael , Sekundo Walter 
Published: April 2022

Purpose To compare the outcomes and complications of the partial-thickness scleral flap technique to the long scleral tunnel technique in patients who underwent mitomycin C (MMC)-augmented Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation. Patients and Methods In this retrospective study, we reviewed 139 eyes of 137 patients with refractory glaucoma who underwent AGV-Model FP7 implantation. The eyes were divided into the scleral flap group (n = 74) and the scleral tunnel group (n = 65). Results The mean follow-up was 57.91 ± 18.18 months for the flap and 61.18 ± 15.13 months for the tunnel group (p = 0.2499). The postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) at 1 to 6 years was significantly lower than the baseline IOP in each group (p < 0.001). The average number of postoperative glaucoma medications decreased in the tunnel group (p = 0.0001) and in the flap group (p = 0.6194) compared to baseline. No statistically significant differences in postoperative visual acuity (p = 0.6396) and cumulative success (p = 0.054) were noted between the two groups. Conjunctival erosion or tube migration only occurred in the flap group. Significantly more reoperations were performed in the flap than in the tunnel group (p = 0.048). Conclusions Both MMC-augmented AGV tube implantation methods lowered IOP. The flap technique was associated with higher rates of postoperative serious complications and more reoperations than the tunnel technique. Previous glaucoma surgery and the technique used to implant the surgical tube proved to be significant risk factors for conjunctival erosion.
Clinical and instrumental assessment of the corneal healing in moderate and severe neurotrophic keratopathy treated with rh-NGF (Cenegermin)
Authors: Roszkowska Anna M , Inferrera Leandro , Aragona Emanuela , Gargano Romana , Postorino Elisa I , Aragona Pasquale 
Published: April 2022

Purpose To evaluate corneal healing in patients with moderate and severe neurotrophic keratitis (NK) treated with topical rh-NFG (Cenegermin). Methods Twenty-one patients (12F and 9M) aged from 21 to 93 years (62.5 ± 19.4) with moderate and severe NK were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups accordingly to the severity of the disease. The underlying causes of NK were determined. The VAS questionnaire was dispensed. The ocular examination comprised slit lamp evaluation, ocular surface assessment with Keratograph 5M (Oculus, Germany), corneal sensitivity with Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer (Lunneaux, France) and corneal thickness measurement with AC-OCT (DRI, Triton, Topcon, Japan). The drops of Cenegermin 0.002% were administrated 6 times daily for 8 weeks. All participants were evaluated at baseline, after 4 and 8 weeks of the treatment. The area of corneal defect with maximum diameter less than 0.5 mm was considered as healed. The main outcome measures were corneal healing, corneal sensitivity recovery and corneal thickness in the ulcer group. Results The herpetic keratitis was the most common cause of NK. Thirteen eyes were affected by severe grade of NK with corneal ulcer and 8 eyes presented a moderate grade. After 8 weeks a complete healing of the corneal defects was registered both in moderate and severe NK. Significant increase of the corneal sensitivity and thickness were registered. Conclusions The rh-NGF (Cenegermin) resulted effective in the treatment of the severe and moderate NK with significant recovery of the corneal sensitivity and healing of the corneal defects in both groups.
Synthesize and characterization of sustainable natural fibers/ conductive polymer composites
Authors: Yazıcı Pelin , Alkhateab Baidaa , Sezer Esma , Koçak Dilara , Ustamehmetoğlu Belkıs 
Published: April 2022

This work aims to obtain reinforced composites of natural fibers that obtained from their agricultural wastes of and conductive polymers to develop an innovation and alternative materials. By the use of natural fibers contributes to the recycle of agricultural wastes, sustainability and further the resulting composite becomes alternative to the metals. Here, flexible conductive composites were obtained from artichoke(A), banana(B) and luffa(L) stem waste fibers(F) by the in-situ polymerization of 3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT), pyrrole, and carbazole in the presence of cerium ammonium nitrate, iron nitrate, and iron chloride. Fibers were coated with the conductive polymers mentioned above by the in-situ chemical(C) polymerization and optimum coating conditions were investigated. Effect of EDOT concentration, oxidant concentration was performed to determine the optimum conditions for AF/PEDOT(C). FT-IR, SEM, thermal analysis supported the formation of composite and from the mechanical measurements, modulus of AF/PEDOT(C) was obtained. The highest conductivity of 12.8 S/cm was obtained from AF/PEDOT(C) composite using FeCl3 as an oxidant. Further polymerization of EDOT by electrochemical(E) method was continued on the AF/PEDOT(C) and the electroactivity of resulting electrochemical composite, AF/PEDOT(C)/PEDOT(E) was characterized accordingly. Detailed characterization showed that to use of this composite as a capacitor, one should use 0.03 M EDOT and 0.9 M FeCl3 for chemical polymerization and then continued by electropolymerization by applying 10 cycles in 0.03 M EDOT. All results showed that AF waste could be converted to the valuable AF/PEDOT(C)/PEDOT(E) conductive composites which is potentially suitable material for several electronic applications as charge storage, biosensor, electronic devices.