bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate sectional and differential acidizing technique to highly deviated and horizontal wells for low permeable Sinian Dengying formation in Sichuan Basin of China
Authors: Li Song , Fan Yu , Yang Jian , Zhao Liqiang , Ye Jiexiao , Chen Weihua 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Sinian Dengying formation reservoirs in Sichuan Basin of China have characteristics of high temperature, high pressure, deep buried depth, strong heterogeneity, low porosity and permeability, rich pore, natural fractures, vugs and high concentration H2S, CO2, which limit the reconstruction technologies about the gas reservoir. The formation poroperm of Tainei block Dengying unit is worse than that of Taiyuan block’s, and the difference of gas well productions in Tainei block is enormous. The technique of retarded acidizing with segmented by mechanical system was developed and applied in Dengying unit of Taiyuan block, which significantly raised the gas well production. It is difficult for the retarded acidizing technique to applied to gas wells in Tainei block, for the lower formation quality and immature fractures/vugs. The keys to formation reconstruction for highly deviated and horizontal wells are acid homogeneous placement and deep penetrating in order to connecting natural fracture and vugs system. With exploration and practice over several years, a set of segment acid fracturing comprehensive technologies for highly deviated and horizontal wells were formed, including accurate fragmenting based on quantizing evaluation of formation quality, differential acidizing of retarded acid and self-generation acid. The slow acid fracturing technology is used for the formation which the RES is over 1.0. Then, the multistage alternating injection acid fracturing technology is used for the formation which the RES is lower 1.0. The acid fracturing process parameters, such as displacement and acid strength, were optimized by experiments. The precision acidizing technique was applied for gas well of Tainei block Dengying unit, which the testing production of gas well is over 1 million cubic meter per day after aciding stimulated. The precision acidizing technique significantly raised gas well production of Tainei block Dengying unit and is helpful for exploratory development of Tainei block Dengying unit with low formation quality.
The Measurement and Communication of Effect Sizes in Management Research
Authors: Fey Carl F. , Hu Tianyou , Delios Andrew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe measurement and communication of the effect size of an independent variable on a dependent variable is critical to effective statistical analysis in the Social Sciences. We develop ideas about how to extend traditional methods of evaluating relationships in multivariate models to explain and illustrate the statistical power of a focal independent variable. Even with a growing acceptance of the need to report effect sizes, scholars in the management community have few well-established protocols or guidelines for reporting effect sizes. In this editorial essay, we: (1) review the necessity of reporting effect sizes; (2) discuss commonly used measures of effect size and accepted cut-offs for large, medium, and small effect sizes; (3) recommend standards for reporting effect sizes via verbal descriptions and graphical presentations; and (4) present best practice examples of reporting and discussing effect size. In summary, we provide guidance for authors on how to report and interpret effect sizes, advocating for rigor and completeness in statistical analysis.
Egg and cholesterol intake, apoE4 phenotype and risk of venous thromboembolism: findings from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. , Laukkanen Jari A. , Virtanen Jyrki K. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe impact of egg consumption, a major source of dietary cholesterol, on the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) is controversial. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a CVD which shares common risk factors and mechanistic pathways with ASCVD. However, there is no data on the relationship between egg or cholesterol intake and VTE risk. Therefore, we evaluated the prospective associations of egg and cholesterol intakes with VTE risk and whether the apoE4 phenotype, which influences cholesterol metabolism, could modify the associations. Data involving 1852 men aged 42–61 years at baseline without a history of VTE or CHD in the population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study were analysed. Dietary intakes were assessed with 4-d food records. Incident VTE events were identified by record linkage to hospital discharge registries. Hazard ratios (95 % CI) for incident VTE were estimated using Cox regression. During a median follow-up of 28·8 years, 132 VTE events occurred. Comparing the top (> 38 g/d) v. bottom (< 20 g/d) tertiles of egg consumption, the hazard ratio (95 % CI) for VTE was 0·99 (0·64, 1·53) in analysis adjusted for several established risk factors and other dietary factors. There was also no evidence of an association between cholesterol intake and VTE risk. Imputed results were consistent with the observed results. The apoE4 phenotype did not modify the associations. In middle-aged and older Finnish men, egg or cholesterol intakes were not associated with future VTE risk. Other large-scale prospective studies are needed to confirm or refute these findings.
Application of haemoglobin absorption spectral imaging in laryngeal papilloma surgery
Authors: Li Tao , Dong Yuke , Han Wei , Shen Xiao , Gong Wendan , Xu Lianfang , Li Yujie 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study compares the detection rates of haemoglobin absorption spectral imaging and white light imaging in laryngeal papilloma surgery.MethodsSeventeen patients with laryngeal papilloma who underwent surgery in our department from September 2019 to September 2021 were selected. All patients underwent carbon dioxide laser surgery under a microscope. The lesion sites were explored in white light mode and haemoglobin absorption spectral imaging mode. The pharynx and larynx anatomical sites were evaluated using Derkay's all-position scoring system. The numbers and scores for lesions observed in the two modes were compared.ResultsIn 17 cases, there were statistically significant differences in the numbers of laryngeal papillomas (Derkay score) detected by white light mode and haemoglobin absorption spectral imaging mode. In 9 of 17 patients (52.94 per cent), the haemoglobin absorption spectral imaging mode showed additional diseased tissues.ConclusionThe haemoglobin absorption spectral imaging mode can dynamically identify diseased tissues in carbon dioxide laser surgery under a microscope and improve the laryngeal papilloma detection rate.
Consent for functional endoscopic sinus surgery: are we complying with the law?
Authors: Raja H , Talwar R 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the current standard of consent for functional endoscopic sinus surgery and determine whether it complies with the law following the Montgomery ruling.MethodsTen complications following functional endoscopic sinus surgery were identified as common or serious from a literature search. Using questionnaires, ENT surgeons were asked which of these complications they discussed with patients, and patients were asked how seriously they regarded those risks using a five-point Likert scale.ResultsConsent practice from 21 ENT surgeons and data from 103 patients were analysed. The ‘reasonable patient’ would expect to be consented for all risks, except for pain, and scarring or adhesions. Most ENT surgeons would routinely discuss all risks that were considered significant, except for facial paraesthesia (29 per cent) and damage to the nasolacrimal duct (24 per cent). A negative change in sense of smell was not mentioned by 29 per cent of surgeons.ConclusionThis paper demonstrates that the current consent process for functional endoscopic sinus surgery is likely to be substandard medicolegally.
Drug efficacy on zoonotic nematodes of the Anisakidae family: new metabolic data
Authors: Polak Iwona , Stryiński Robert , Podolska Magdalena , Pawlak Joanna , Bittner Mikołaj Wiktor , Wiśniewski Gerard , Sienkiewicz-Szłapka Edyta , Łopieńska-Biernat Elżbieta 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the Anisakidae family, there are nematodes, most of which are parasitic for important commercial fish species. Both public health risks and socio-economic problems are attributed to these parasites. Despite these concerns, knowledge of the metabolism of these parasites remains unknown. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the receptors of drugs and oxidative metabolic status of two Anisakidae species, Pseudoterranova decipiens (s. s.) and Contracaecum osculatum (s. s.), under the influence of anthelminthic drugs, ivermectin (IVM) and pyrantel (PYR), at different concentrations: 1.56, 3.125 and 6.25 μg mL−1 of culture medium for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 72 h. The mRNA expressions of the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor, acetylcholine receptor subunits, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters and antioxidative enzymes were determined. The total antioxidant capacity and glutathione S-transferase activity were also examined. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that IVM and PYR have been tested against these parasitic nematodes.
‘Listen closer’: home-delivered meal volunteers’ understanding of their role in suicide intervention
Authors: Westcott Jordan B. , Fullen Matthew C. , Tomlin Connie C. , Eikenberg Kelly , Delaughter Paul M. , Mize M.C.B. , Shannonhouse Laura R. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractSuicide in later life is a pressing public health concern, which has likely been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Many older adults who need mental health treatment do not have access to necessary services and training for mental health providers to support older adults experiencing suicidality is limited. One solution is developing interventions based in a public health approach to suicide prevention, whereby natural helpers who provide community services are mobilised to respond to older persons-at-risk. Home-delivered meal (HDM) services, for example, are one effective means to reach older adults who are isolated due to being homebound and may be instrumental in preventing suicide. This study examined the experiences of 20 HDM volunteers who received Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST), an evidence-based suicide intervention programme. Phenomenological analysis yielded findings centred on three areas demonstrating the impact of the ASIST training on HDM volunteers: putting asist skills into practice; response to ASIST skills; and role transformation. Implications for integrating suicide prevention efforts with HDM services and directions for future research are discussed.
Comparison of three antioxidants in chemical and biological assays on porcine oocytes during ageing in vitro
Authors: Park Chan-Oh , Lee Seung-Eun , Yoon Jae-Wook , Park Hyo-Jin , Kim So-Hee , Oh Seung-Hwan , Lee Do-Geon , Pyeon Da-Bin , Kim Eun-Young , Park Se-Pill 
Published: April 2022

SummaryOur previous studies have already revealed that β-cryptoxanthin (BCX), hesperetin (HES), and icariin (ICA) antioxidants are effective for in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes. In this study, we investigated which of BCX, HES, or ICA was more effective for IVM of porcine oocytes. The antioxidant properties were assessed with aged porcine oocytes and embryos by comparing 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power, and H2O2 scavenging activity assays. The chemical assay results demonstrated that BCX had a greater DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power than HES and ICA, compared with controls. However, the H2O2 scavenging activity of the antioxidants was similar when tested at the optimal concentrations of 1 μM BCX (BCX-1), 100 μM HES (HES-100), and 5 μM ICA (ICA-5). The biological assay results showed that BCX-1 treatment was more effective in inducing a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS), improving glutathione levels, and increasing the expression of antioxidant genes. In addition, BCX-1 inhibited apoptosis by increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes and decreasing pro-apoptotic genes in porcine parthenogenetic blastocysts. BCX-1 also significantly increased the blastocyst formation rate compared with the ageing control group, HES-100 and ICA-5. This study demonstrates that damage from ROS produced during oocyte ageing can be prevented by supplementing antioxidants into the IVM medium, and BCX may be a potential candidate to improve assisted reproductive technologies.
The Problem of History
Authors: Møller Jørgen 
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACTThe ongoing “historical turn” in political science makes it more important than ever that we, as a profession, have open conversations about the nature of the evidence we enlist from trained historians. This article emphasizes that “history” should be recognized as an—often speculative and incomplete—interpretation of bygone times and places that we no longer can know for sure. Much of what we commonly believe about the past depends on narrative sources written long after the fact and influenced by later circumstances and points of view, on outdated historical research, or on singular and often biased contemporary sources. Discussing how to respond to this “problem of history,” the article calls for a shift of cognitive style: that is, treating the work of historians in a more self-conscious and critical way and clearly signaling this when we present our research. Three more particular guidelines—be up-to-date,be specific, andbe cautious—exemplify this approach.
Explaining SyntheticA PrioriKnowledge: The Achilles Heel of Transcendental Idealism?
Authors: Stern Robert 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article considers an apparent Achilles heel for Kant’s transcendental idealism, concerning his account of how synthetica prioriknowledge is possible. The problem is that while Kant’s distinctive attempt to explain synthetica prioriknowledge lies at the heart of his transcendental idealism, this explanation appears to face a dilemma: either the explanation generates a problematic regress, or the explanation it offers gives us no reason to favour transcendental idealism over transcendental realism. In the article, I consider G. E. Moore’s version of the problem, which I argue has not yet received an adequate response. Instead, I offer a way out of this dilemma by focusing on the normativity rather than the metaphysics of the mind.
Seismic Waveform‐Coherence Controlled by Earthquake Source Dimensions
Authors: Zhou Tong , Meng Lingsen , Zhang Ailin , Ampuero Jean‐Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRupture size is a fundamental earthquake source parameter that is challenging to infer independently from far‐field seismological observations. Here, we develop a novel observational constraint on source size based on the decay rate of wavefield coherence across a seismic array. For a given earthquake, waveform coherence decays with increasing interstation distance or, more precisely, with increasing projection difference defined as the difference between the takeoff vectors associated to the two stations projected along the rupture direction. We find that coherence generally falls off with projection difference faster for earthquakes of larger magnitudes. The magnitude dependence of the coherence decay rate can be explained by a finite source effect: larger source sizes cause larger differences of phase delays between waves arriving from different parts of the rupture at different stations, hence a stronger spatial variability of the wavefield, resulting in a breakdown of waveform coherence. Assuming a 1‐D Haskell's source model, the rupture size can be estimated from the coherence decay rate. We apply this method to USArray data of earthquakes in three subduction zones, the Sea of Okhotsk, South America and Japan. The source sizes inferred from the coherence decay patterns are consistent with scaling relations intermediate between width‐saturated L‐models and quasi equi‐dimensional rupture models. Our observation captures a unique pattern of array waveform coherence and demonstrates the potential of utilizing waveform coherence to study earthquake source parameters.
Overview of the Morphology and Chemistry of Diagenetic Features in the Clay‐Rich Glen Torridon Unit of Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Gasda Patrick J. , Comellas Jade , Essunfeld Ari , Das Debarati , Bryk Alexander B. , Dehouck Erwin , Schwenzer Susanne P. , Crossey Laura , Herkenhoff Kenneth , Johnson Jeffrey R. , Newsom Horton , Lanza Nina L. , Rapin William , Goetz Walter , Meslin Pierre‐Yves , Bridges John C. , Anderson Ryan , David Gael , Turner Stuart M. R. , Thorpe Michael T. , Kah Linda , Frydenvang Jens , Kronyak Rachel , Caravaca Gwénaël , Ollila Ann , Le Mouélic Stéphane , Nellessen Matthew , Hoffman Megan , Fey Deirdra , Cousin Anges , Wiens Roger C. , Clegg Samuel M. , Maurice Sylvestre , Gasnault Olivier , Delapp Dorothea , Reyes‐Newell Adriana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe clay‐rich Glen Torridon region of Gale crater, Mars, was explored between sols 2300 and 3007. Here, we analyzed the diagenetic features observed by Curiosity, including veins, cements, nodules, and nodular bedrock, using the ChemCam, Mastcam, and Mars Hand Lens Imager instruments. We discovered many diagenetic features in Glen Torridon, including dark‐toned iron‐ and manganese‐rich veins, magnesium‐ and fluorine‐rich linear features, Ca‐sulfate cemented bedrock, manganese‐rich nodules, and iron‐rich strata. We have characterized the chemistry and morphology of these features, which are most widespread in the higher stratigraphic members in Glen Torridon, and exhibit a wide range of chemistries. These discoveries are strong evidence for multiple generations of fluids from multiple chemical endmembers that likely underwent redox reactions to form some of these features. In a few cases, we may be able to use mineralogy and chemistry to constrain formation conditions of the diagenetic features. For example, the dark‐toned veins likely formed in warmer, highly alkaline, and highly reducing conditions, while manganese‐rich nodules likely formed in oxidizing and circumneutral conditions. We also hypothesize that an initial enrichment of soluble elements, including fluorine, occurred during hydrothermal alteration early in Gale crater history to account for elemental enrichment in nodules and veins. The presence of redox‐active elements, including Fe and Mn, and elements required for life, including P and S, in these fluids is strong evidence for habitability of Gale crater groundwater. Hydrothermal alteration also has interesting implications for prebiotic chemistry during the earliest stages of the crater's evolution and early Mars.
Ice‐Nucleating Particles That Impact Clouds and Climate: Observational and Modeling Research Needs
Authors: Burrows Susannah M. , McCluskey Christina S. , Cornwell Gavin , Steinke Isabelle , Zhang Kai , Zhao Bin , Zawadowicz Maria , Raman Aishwarya , Kulkarni Gourihar , China Swarup , Zelenyuk Alla , DeMott Paul J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAtmospheric ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) play a critical role in cloud freezing processes, with important implications for precipitation formation and cloud radiative properties, and thus for weather and climate. Additionally, INP emissions respond to changes in the Earth System and climate, for example, desertification, agricultural practices, and fires, and therefore may introduce climate feedbacks that are still poorly understood. As knowledge of the nature and origins of INPs has advanced, regional and global weather, climate, and Earth system models have increasingly begun to link cloud ice processes to model‐simulated aerosol abundance and types. While these recent advances are exciting, coupling cloud processes to simulated aerosol also makes cloud physics simulations increasingly susceptible to uncertainties in simulation of INPs, which are still poorly constrained by observations. Advancing the predictability of INP abundance with reasonable spatiotemporal resolution will require an increased focus on research that bridges the measurement and modeling communities. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge and identifies critical knowledge gaps from both observational and modeling perspectives. In particular, we emphasize needs in two key areas: (a) observational closure between aerosol and INP quantities and (b) skillful simulation of INPs within existing weather and climate models. We discuss the state of knowledge on various INP particle types and briefly discuss the challenges faced in understanding the cloud impacts of INPs with present‐day models. Finally, we identify priority research directions for both observations and models to improve understanding of INPs and their interactions with the Earth System.
Upper Ocean Temperature Variability Associated With the Indian Ocean Dipole Revealed by a Complex Network
Authors: Higuchi Yuki , Tozuka Tomoki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA new framework of complex networks based on event synchronization that can be applied to the development of temperature anomalies associated with climate variation phenomena is developed to reveal propagation characteristics of ocean temperature anomalies and their asymmetry between positive and negative phases of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). When a complex network based on sea surface temperature (SST) is constructed, it is revealed that SST anomalies in the eastern pole associated with both phases of the IOD tend to be preceded by those in the eastern equatorial region and from the south. When a complex network is constructed based on both surface and subsurface temperatures, it is found that the positive IOD tends to experience extreme subsurface temperature anomalies over more vast areas before extreme SST anomalies compared to the negative IOD.
Characteristics of Electron Microburst Precipitation Based on High‐Resolution ELFIN Measurements
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Mourenas Didier , Artemyev Anton , Tsai Ethan , Wilkins Colin 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present statistical characteristics of electron microburst precipitation using high time‐resolution measurements from the low‐altitude Electron Losses and Fields InvestigatioN (ELFIN) CubeSats. The radial distribution of the equatorial projection of microbursts as a function of geomagnetic activity suggests that they are produced by resonant interaction with quasi‐parallel lower‐band chorus waves. ELFIN electron flux measurements provide the first statistical models of microburst energy spectra from 50 keV to 2 MeV. Microbursts with energies up to 150 keV have a relatively flat pitch‐angle spectrum. Estimates of scattering rates required to produce the observed flat spectra suggest that such precipitation signatures are due to near‐equatorial electron scattering by chorus wave packets with peak amplitudes of 0.4–0.9 nT, well above the threshold for nonlinear resonant interaction. More rare microbursts, exceeding 500 keV, are observed preferentially near dawn during disturbed periods. We interpret them as evidence of scattering by intense ducted chorus waves propagating from the equator up to middle latitudes with little attenuation.