bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forged with Powerful Words
Authors: Micci Michael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The Old Norse-Icelandic literary corpus offers a rich and specific lexicon for spells, charms, magic, and other paranormal events. This article offers an etymological overview of the term atkvæði and a selection of textual occurrences in order to investigate the semantic possibilities of the term beyond the context of witchcraft. The founding hypothesis is that a careful look at atkvæði through various types of texts from different periods of time may highlight its origin in a pre-literate phase of the Old Norse-Icelandic culture where the boundaries between magic, poetry, and law-making were not as clear as the contemporary readers might reckon.
Femorally inserted central catheters with exit site at mid-thigh: A low risk alternative for central venous catheterization
Authors: Elli Stefano , Cannizzo Luigi , Giannini Luciano , Romanato Francesca , Trimarco Concetta , Pessina Marco , Lucchini Alberto , Foti Giuseppe , Rondelli Egle 
Published: November 2022

Background: Femorally inserted central catheters are increasingly used, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, also thanks to widespread of tunneling techniques that allow the exit site to be moved away from the groin. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, femorally inserted catheters, with exit site at mid-thigh and the tip in Inferior vena cava or in Inferior vena cava at the junction with right atrium, have been observed and complications have been analyzed. All catheters were inserted by trained Nurses of a tertiary hospital Vascular Access Team. Results: In 142 catheters (126 inserted via common femoral vein and 16 inserted via superficial femoral vein) and 3060 catheter days, we observed an infection rate of 1.3 events/1000 catheter days (all of them in oncologic patients and up to 30 days of catheterization), 2 cases of thrombotic events (1.41%) and 17 cases of accidental removal (11.97%). Other rare complications, as primary malposition, tip migration, arterial pseudoaneurysm, have been recorded. The average length of catheters inserted, from the exit site to the tip, was 47.6 ± 2.4 cm. Conclusion: The attention to the correct position of the tip, the exit site at mid-thigh and the new techniques during insertion make these femoral catheters as safe as other central vascular access devices. For this kind of central access device, a catheter at least 50 cm long is needed.
Stroke Survivor Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet
Authors: Bailey Ryan R. 
Published: November 2022

Objective: To estimate adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a sample of chronic community-dwelling stroke survivors. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Participants: Convenience sample of 63 chronic (≥6 months) community-dwelling stroke survivors. Main Outcome Measure: MedDiet Score, a self-report screening tool that measures adherence to the Mediterranean diet based on consumption of 11 dietary components (ie, whole grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts, fish and shellfish, red meat products and processed meat, poultry, full fat dairy, olive oil, and alcohol beverages), measured using a 6-point Likert scale (0 = low adherence, 5 = high adherence, max score = 55). Results: The mean MedDiet score was 27.2 ± 4.7; males scored higher than females (28.5 ± 4.9 vs 26.0 ± 4.2, P = .031). Participants reported more adherence for red meat products and processed meat, poultry, and full fat dairy and less adherence for whole grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables, fish and shellfish, and alcoholic beverages. Conclusions: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a healthy dietary pattern recommended for secondary stroke prevention, was moderate in this sample of stroke survivors, and results were consistent with previous research on quality of dietary intake. Findings indicate the need for effective dietary interventions for stroke survivors to improve cardiometabolic health and reduce recurrent stroke risk.
Morphological specificity analysis of an image-based 3D model of airway filling in a difficult airway
Authors: Chen Wendong , Ma Li , Shao Jianlin , Bi Chun , Xie Yuchen , Zhao Shuangyan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to analyze position-specific morphological changes of the upper airway and to further assess the impact of these changes in difficult airway during intubation.

Methods
This observational comparative study included two groups (n = 20 patients/group): Group A had normal airway and Group B had difficult airway. Data obtained from two-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging were imported to Mimics V20.0 software for processing. We then reconstructed three-dimensional models of upper airway filling in patients in the supine and maximum extension position based on the imaging data. Those models were projected on coronal, sagittal, and horizontal planes to investigate multiple morphological features. We measured the surface area, radial length, and corner angle of the projected areas.

Results
Group A had larger upper airway filling volumes compared to Group B The volumes for the supine position were 6,323.83 ± 156.06 mm3 for Group A and 5,336.22 ± 316.13 mm3 for Group B (p = 0.003). The volumes the maximum extension position were 9,186.58 ± 512.61 mm3 for Group A and 6,735.46 ± 794.63 mm3 for Group B (p = 0.003). Airway volume increased in the upper airway filling model as the body position varied from the supine to maximum extension position (Group A: volume increase 2,953.75 ± 524.6 mm3, rate of change 31%; Group B: volume increase 1,632.89 ± 662.66 mm3, rate of change 25%; p = 0.052).

Conclusion
The three-dimensional reconstruction model developed in this study was used to digitally quantify morphological features of a difficult airway and could be used as a novel airway management assessment tool.
Changes of working conditions and job-related challenges due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic for medical assistants in general practices in Germany: a qualitative study
Authors: Dreher Annegret , Mambrey Viola , Loerbroks Adrian 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
In Germany, general practices are usually contacted first by patients with health complaints, including symptoms characteristic of SARS-CoV-2. Within general practices, medical assistants (MAs) are the first contact person for patients and perform various tasks in close physical patient contact. Working conditions of MAs have been characterized as challenging, e.g., due to low salaries, a high workload, time pressure and frequent interruptions. The potential changes of working conditions and job-related challenges experienced by MAs due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have not been fully explored. We aimed to address this knowledge gap among MAs working in general practices in Germany.

Methods
Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted between March and April 2021 with 24 MAs. Medical assistants of legal age, who worked in general practices in Germany, and who were continuously employed and without change of employer in 2020 were eligible for participation. Interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and content-analyzed using MAXQDA, using deductive and inductive coding.

Results
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic posed great challenges for MAs, including a dramatic increase in workload, changes in occupational tasks, increased hygiene measures, rearrangements of work organization, childcare issues, and structural and personnel challenges within their practice. Participants described both improved but also worsened collaboration with their employers and colleagues due to the pandemic. Many MAs complained about issues regarding SARS-CoV-2-related billing processes and an increase in unpleasant patient behavior, including disregard of practice rules or frequent verbal insults. Many also did not feel adequately appreciated by politics, media, or society for their efforts during the pandemic. Positive changes were perceived to be the expansion of digital communication channels and a growing social cohesiveness of practice teams.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic posed great challenges for MAs. The pandemic seems to have worsened MAs’ working conditions, which had been described as challenging already prior to the pandemic. In order to improve job satisfaction and to prevent loss of healthcare personnel, measures must be taken to improve working conditions of MAs in general practices.
XGBCDA: a multiple heterogeneous networks-based method for predicting circRNA-disease associations
Authors: Shen Siyuan , Liu Junyi , Zhou Cheng , Qian Yurong , Deng Lei 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundBiological experiments have demonstrated that circRNA plays an essential role in various biological processes and human diseases. However, it is time-consuming and costly to merely conduct biological experiments to detect the association between circRNA and diseases. Accordingly, developing an efficient computational model to predict circRNA-disease associations is urgent.MethodsIn this research, we propose a multiple heterogeneous networks-based method, named XGBCDA, to predict circRNA-disease associations. The method first extracts original features, namely statistical features and graph theory features, from integrated circRNA similarity network, disease similarity network and circRNA-disease association network, and then sends these original features to the XGBoost classifier for training latent features. The method utilizes the tree learned by the XGBoost model, the index of leaf that instance finally falls into, and the 1 of K coding to represent the latent features. Finally, the method combines the latent features from the XGBoost with the original features to train the final model for predicting the association between the circRNA and diseases.ResultsThe tenfold cross-validation results of the XGBCDA method illustrate that the area under the ROC curve reaches 0.9860. In addition, the method presents a striking performance in the case studies of colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and cervical cancer.ConclusionWith fabulous performance in predicting potential circRNA-disease associations, the XGBCDA method has the promising ability to assist biomedical researchers in terms of circRNA-disease association prediction.
Research and implementation interactions in a social accountability study: utilizing guidance for conducting process evaluations of complex interventions
Authors: Cordero Joanna Paula , Mochache Vernon , Boydell Victoria , Addah Mary Awelana , McMullen Heather , Monyo Alice , Mrema Sigilbert , Nai Dela , Shamba Donat , Steyn Petrus S. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
In recent years, researchers and evaluators have made efforts to identify and use appropriate and innovative research designs that account for the complexity in studying social accountability. The relationship between the researchers and those implementing the activities and how this impacts the study have received little attention. In this paper, we reflect on how we managed the relationship between researchers and implementers using the United Kingdom Medical Research Council (MRC) guidance on process evaluation of a complex intervention.

Main body
The MRC guidance focuses on three areas of interaction between researchers and stakeholders involved in developing and delivering the intervention: (i) working with program developers and implementers; (ii) communication of emerging findings between researchers/evaluators and implementers; and (iii) overlapping roles of the intervention and research/evaluation. We summarize how the recommendations for each of the three areas were operationalized in the Community and Provider driven Social Accountability Intervention (CaPSAI) Project and provide reflections based on experience. We co-developed various tools, including standard operating procedures, contact lists, and manuals. Activities such as training sessions, regular calls, and meetings were also conducted to enable a good working relationship between the different partners.

Conclusions
Studying social accountability requires the collaboration of multiple partners that need to be planned to ensure a good working relationship while safeguarding both the research and intervention implementation. The MRC guidance is a useful tool for making interaction issues explicit and establishing procedures. Planning procedures for dealing with research and implementers’ interactions could be more comprehensive and better adapted to social accountability interventions if both researchers and implementers are involved. There is a need for social accountability research to include clear statements explaining the nature and types of relationships between researchers and implementers involved in the intervention.
The evolvement of trust in response to the COVID-19 pandemic among migrants in Norway
Authors: Herrero-Arias Raquel , Ortiz-Barreda Gaby , Czapka Elżbieta , Diaz Esperanza 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound consequences for the world’s population, particularly for vulnerable groups like migrants who face barriers to healthcare access. Trust in authorities is crucial to any crisis management strategy implemented by a government. However, trust in authorities is linked to trust in other areas of life and it evolves during a crisis. This study explores migrants’ trust in the Norwegian government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews from April to May 2020 with migrants from Somalia (10), Syria (15), Sri Lanka (10), Chile (10) and Poland (10) who were living in Norway. Interviews were conducted via telephone and in participants’ mother tongue. Data were analysed thematically using the systematic text condensation method.

Results
Trust was established at four levels: (i) in the personal sphere, (ii) in Norwegian society in general, (iii) in the Norwegian authorities’ management of the pandemic, and (iv) in the transnational sphere. Trust was deeply rooted in relationships with individuals, groups and entities, across countries. High trust in authorities emerged in the accounts of participants who felt they were taken care of in the diverse relationships they established in Norway, particularly during the crisis.

Conclusion
Pandemics create more vulnerability but also opportunities for trust-building. Trust-building can be fostered through relationships in the host country that provide the foundation for migrants to feel included. Healthcare providers are in a position from which they can nurture trust as they can build relationships with migrants over time.
Evolutionary analysis of Babesia vulpes and Babesia microti-like parasites
Authors: Lee Sanghyun , Hong Yeonchul , Chung Dong-Il , Jang Hyung-Kwan , Goo Youn-Kyoung , Xuan Xuenan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
The Babesia microti-like parasite is an emerging tick-borne piroplasm that has been detected in a range of hosts worldwide. Babesia vulpes, which is found in dogs and foxes, has been reclassified from B. microti-like parasites. The relationships among these B. microti-like parasites and B. vulpes with respect to host range and geographical origin have not been elucidated.

Methods
Blood samples were collected from 27 raccoon dogs in South Korea and used to screen for B. microti-like parasites based on a PCR assay targeting the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia. For comparative purposes, in addition to 18S rRNA sequences from nine raccoon dogs, we also analyzed 18S rRNA sequences from B. microti-like parasites infecting hosts in different geographical regions worldwide obtained from the GenBank database, giving 123 sequences in total. The genetic variation and evolutionary relationships among these sequences were examined based on analyses using DnaSP, MEGA, Arlequine, and BEAST software.

Results
Babesia microti-like parasites were identified in nine raccoon dogs and found to be related to B. vulpes obtained from Spanish dogs. Among the 123 sequences from 14 countries and various hosts, we identified 43 haplotypes with high genetic variance. Based on the genetic variance and phylogenetic analyses, we established that the B. microti-like parasites isolated in different geographical regions and from hosts belonging to five orders showed higher among-population variation than within-population variation. Babesia vulpes parasites infecting carnivore hosts, including raccoon dogs, foxes, skunks and dogs, appear to be genetically distinct from B. microti-like parasites infecting hosts belonging to the other orders.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated the genetic variation and evolutionary relationships among 18S rRNA sequences obtained from blood samples collected from various hosts and different geographical regions. Babesia vulpes was identified from raccoon dogs in South Korea. In addition, higher genetic variations were observed among populations of different hosts and geographical origins and, in particular, low connectivity was observed among host populations in the order Carnivora and those in other orders. These results suggest the B. vulpes, a piroplasmid species pathogenic in domestic dogs and wild canines, is genetically and evolutionarily different from B. microti-like parasites.

Graphical Abstract
Noncontiguous multifocal Brucella spondylodiscitis with paravertebral abscess: a case report
Authors: Gerges Sarah , Khoury Alessandro , Hallit Souheil , Hoyek Fadi , Hallit Rabih 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Human brucellosis is the most frequently contracted zoonotic infection worldwide. Although being an old disease that carries minimal risks of mortality, it remains a source of considerable sequelae and disability. However, noncontiguous multifocal spinal involvement is an exceptional presentation of brucellosis; additionally, an associated paravertebral abscess is extremely rare.

Case presentation
This paper focuses on a 67-year-old Lebanese woman with noncontiguous multifocal Brucella spondylodiscitis, involving the T12–L1 and L3–L4 segments, with paravertebral abscess formation. She presented with a 3-week history of acute severe lumbar back pain, radiating to the lower extremities and associated with impaired mobility and lower extremity weakness. The patient complained of night sweating but had no fever. No lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly could be observed. She had painful percussion of the lumbar spine, painful passive mobilization, and paravertebral tenderness, yet her neurological examination was completely normal. BrucellaCapt test was positive at a titer of 1/5120 (reference range 1/180). The patient was treated with an inpatient regimen for 2 weeks, which was followed by an outpatient oral antibiotic regimen with doxycycline, rifampin, and ciprofloxacin to complete a total treatment duration of 3 months. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at the end of the treatment and showed a complete resolution of the paravertebral abscess.

Conclusion
Noncontiguous multifocal Brucella spondylodiscitis with paravertebral abscess is an extremely rare presentation. It may be effectively managed by antibiotic therapy, without surgery or drainage, in the absence of neurological complications. Nonetheless, the principal challenge to an efficient management is establishing the diagnosis of Brucella in the first place. In endemic countries, a strong suspicion of spinal involvement of brucellosis should be elicited in front of back pain presentations—even in the absence of fever and other related symptoms.
Localization and movement of Tregs in gastrointestinal tract: a systematic review
Authors: Harada Yosuke , Miyamoto Kentaro , Chida Akihiko , Okuzawa Anna Tojo , Yoshimatsu Yusuke , Kudo Yumi , Sujino Tomohisa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe intestine is rich in food-derived and microbe-derived antigens. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an essential T-cell population that prevents systemic autoimmune diseases and inhibits inflammation by encountering antigens. Previously, it was reported that the functional loss of Tregs induces systemic inflammation, including inflammatory bowel disease and graft-versus-host disease in human and murine models. However, there is a dearth of information about how Tregs localize in different tissues and suppress effector cells.Main bodyThe development of Tregs and their molecular mechanism in the digestive tract have been elucidated earlier using murine genetic models, infectious models, and human samples. Tregs suppress immune and other nonimmune cells through direct effect and cytokine production. The recent development ofin vivoimaging technology allows us to visualize how Tregs localize and move in the settings of inflammation and homeostasis. This is important because, according to a recent report, Treg characterization and function are regulated by their location. Tregs located in the proximal intestine and its draining lymph nodes induce tolerance against food antigens, and those located in the distal intestine suppress the inflammation induced by microbial antigens. Taken together, various Tregs are induced in a location-specific manner in the gastrointestinal tract and influence the homeostasis of the gut.ConclusionIn this review, we summarize how Tregs are induced in the digestive tract and the application ofin vivoTreg imaging to elucidate immune homeostasis in the digestive tract.
Development and Validation of a Breast Cancer Polygenic Risk Score on the Basis of Genetic Ancestry Composition
Authors: Hughes Elisha , Wagner Susanne , Pruss Dmitry , Bernhisel Ryan , Probst Braden , Abkevich Victor , Simmons Timothy , Hullinger Brooke , Judkins Thaddeus , Rosenthal Eric , Roa Benjamin , Domchek Susan M. , Eng Charis , Garber Judy , Gary Monique , Klemp Jennifer , Mukherjee Semanti , Offit Kenneth , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Vijai Joseph , Weitzel Jeffrey N. , Whitworth Pat , Yehia Lamis , Gordon Ora , Pederson Holly , Kurian Allison , Slavin Thomas P. , Gutin Alexander , Lanchbury Jerry S. 
Published: November 2022

PURPOSE Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for breast cancer (BC) risk stratification have been developed primarily in women of European ancestry. Their application to women of non-European ancestry has lagged because of the lack of a formal approach to incorporate genetic ancestry and ancestry-dependent variant frequencies and effect sizes. Here, we propose a multiple-ancestry PRS (MA-PRS) that addresses these issues and may be useful in the development of equitable PRSs across other cancers and common diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Women referred for hereditary cancer testing were divided into consecutive cohorts for development (n = 189,230) and for independent validation (n = 89,126). Individual genetic composition as fractions of three reference ancestries (African, East Asian, and European) was determined from ancestry-informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms. The MA-PRS is a combination of three ancestry-specific PRSs on the basis of genetic ancestral composition. Stratification of risk was evaluated by multivariable logistic regression models controlling for family cancer history. Goodness-of-fit analysis compared expected with observed relative risks by quantiles of the MA-PRS distribution. RESULTS In independent validation, the MA-PRS was significantly associated with BC risk in the full cohort (odds ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.40 to 1.46; P = 8.6 × 10–308) and within each major ancestry. The top decile of the MA-PRS consistently identified patients with two-fold increased risk of developing BC. Goodness-of-fit tests showed that the MA-PRS was well calibrated and predicted BC risk accurately in the tails of the distribution for both European and non-European women. CONCLUSION The MA-PRS uses genetic ancestral composition to expand the utility of polygenic risk prediction to non-European women. Inclusion of genetic ancestry in polygenic risk prediction presents an opportunity for more personalized treatment decisions for women of varying and mixed ancestries.