bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education Universalization, Rural School Participation, and Population Density
Authors: Zhang Xi , Rozelle Scott 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn many developing countries, low population density may be a major reason for low school participation in rural areas, and the problem is likely to worsen with rapid urbanization. However, few studies have investigated empirically the role of population density in rural education, especially the moderating effect of population density on the outcomes of education policies. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature. From 1999 through the early 2000s, China launched a set of major nationwide policies aimed at universalizing 9‐year compulsory education in rural areas. Using difference‐in‐differences and triple difference strategies, we show that the policies significantly increased the probability of junior high school enrollment of rural children and, more importantly, these policies were more effective in densely populated regions. These findings confirm the importance of population density to rural education.
The Causes and Consequences of China's Municipal Amalgamations: Evidence from Population Redistribution
Authors: Jia Ning , Zhong Huiyong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAlong with China's urbanization, the spatial redistribution of the country's population has led to difficulties for local governance, especially in areas experiencing population outflows. Municipal amalgamation is an effective response. This study uses administrative system code data that are accurate at the community and village level to verify the causal relationship between migration and village or community municipal amalgamation. It shows that migration has been an important reason for municipal amalgamation. Counties with greater population outflow have experienced more frequent amalgamation, manifesting a decrease in the numbers of villages and communities. This study also examined the consequences of this amalgamation, finding that it can significantly alleviate local governments' fiscal pressures and promote public services in the long term. It is of great importance for improving the grassroots governance of population outflow areas during rapid urbanization in China.
Comparison of long‐term outcome of patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction between pre‐COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 era
Authors: Kiris Tuncay , Avci Eyüp , Ekin Tuba , Akgün Didar Elif , Tiryaki Mücahit , Yidirim Arafat , Hazir Kutluhan , Murat Bektaş , Yeni Mehtap , Altindag Rojhad , Gül Sefa , Arik Baran , Güzel Tuncay , Murat Selda , Oz Ahmet , Karabacak Mustafa , Aktas Zihni , Yildirim Tarik , Kilicaslan Baris , Ergene Asim Oktay 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimsTo compare major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) rates between patients in the pre‐COVID‐19 era and COVID‐19 era, and to assess the impact of the presence of COVID‐19 (+) on long‐term MACCE in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Turkey.MethodsUsing the TURSER study (TURKISH ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction registry) data, the current study included 1748 STEMI patients from 15 centres in Turkey. Patients were stratified into COVID‐19 era (March 11st–May 15st, 2020; n = 723) or pre‐COVID‐19 era (March 11st–May 15st, 2019; n = 1025) cohorts. Long‐term MACCE rates were compared between groups. In addition, the effect of COVID‐19 positivity on long‐term outcomes was evaluated. The primary outcome was the occurrence of MACCE at long‐term follow‐up, and the secondary outcome was hospitalization with heart failure.ResultsThe MACCE and hospitalization with heart failure rates between pre‐COVID‐19 era and COVID‐19 era were 23% versus 22% (p = .841), and 12% versus 8% (p = .002), respectively. In the COVID‐19 era, the rates of MACCE and hospitalization with heart failure COVID‐19‐positive versus COVID‐19‐negative patients were 40% versus 20%, (p < .001), and 43% versus 11% (p < .001), respectively.ConclusionThere was no difference between the pre‐COVID‐19 era and the COVID‐19 era in terms of MACCE in STEMI patients in Turkey. In the COVID‐19 era, STEMI patients positive for COVID‐19 had a higher rate of MACCE and heart failure hospitalization at the long‐term follow‐up.
The spectrum of central nervous system involvement in Whipple's disease
Authors: Mecklenburg Jasper , Moos Verena , Moter Annette , Siebert Eberhard , Nave Alexander Heinrich , Schneider Thomas , Ruprecht Klemens , Euskirchen Philipp 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeTo assess the clinical spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) involvement as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neuroimaging findings in patients with Whipple's disease (WD) and to analyze the association of neurological symptoms with CSF and imaging findings.MethodsNeurological involvement was retrospectively analyzed in a series of 36 patients diagnosed with WD at a single center between 1992 and 2019. Findings of 81 comprehensive CSF examinations from 36 patients, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for Tropheryma whipplei (TW) in CSF from 35 patients, were systematically evaluated. The prevalence of ischemic stroke in patients with WD was compared to a matched control cohort.ResultsNeurological symptoms occurred in 23 of 36 (63.9%) patients, with cognitive, motor, and oculomotor dysfunction being most frequent. TW was detected by PCR in CSF of 13 of 22 (59.1%) patients with and four of 13 (30.8%, p = 0.0496) patients without neurological symptoms. Total CSF protein (p = 0.044) and lactate (p = 0.035) were moderately elevated in WD with neurologic symptoms compared with WD without. No intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis was observed. Three of 36 (8.3%) patients had hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis. Patients with WD had an unexpectedly high prevalence of ischemic stroke (10/36, 27.7%) compared to matched controls (10/360, 3.2%).ConclusionsNeurological involvement in patients with WD is common. Detection of TW DNA in CSF is only partly associated with neurological symptoms. Elevated CSF parameters suggest CNS parenchymal infection. Stroke is a hitherto underrecognized manifestation of WD. These findings suggest that mechanisms beyond CNS infection contribute to the spectrum of CNS involvement in WD.
Rare variant screening and burden analysis of PLXNA1 in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Li Chunyu , Lin Junyu , Jiang Qirui , Shang Huifang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeRecently, p.Glu1121Ter in PLXNA1 was identified as a potential cause of parkinsonism. However, no further replication has been conducted in a wider range of Parkinson's disease (PD) cohorts. We aimed to evaluate the genetic role of PLXNA1 in PD.MethodsWe systematically analyzed the rare protein‐coding variants (minor allele frequency [MAF] < 0.01) in 1080 patients and 1051 healthy controls. Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the associations between each variant and risk of PD, while, at gene level, over‐representation of rare variants in patients was examined using the optimized sequence kernel association test (SKAT‐O).ResultsIn total, 43 rare variants were identified in PD. No variant was significantly associated with risk of PD. Burden analysis showed enrichment of ultra‐rare variants (MAF < 0.001) of PLXNA1 in PD. One patient carried a variant (p.E1121D) in the same amino acid as that in the original study. Both patients showed worsened motor symptoms, and developed dyskinesia during follow‐up.ConclusionsOur study explored the rare variant of PLXNA1 in PD, and paves the way for future research on the genetic role of PLXNA1 in PD.
Acute tracheal trauma and chronic tracheal collapse in an asthmatic mature pony
Authors: Peyrecave‐Capo Xavier , Munoz‐Diaz Javier , Rocafort Ferrer Gloria , Watrelot Dorothée , Desjardins Isabelle 
Published: July 2022

SummaryA 17‐year‐old cross‐bred pony gelding was presented for acute onset of respiratory distress and an inspiratory honking noise. He had been previously diagnosed with moderate mastocytic equine asthma and chronic tracheal collapse on endoscopy (grade 3/4). At admission, predominantly inspiratory dyspnoea with open mouth breathing, hypoxaemia and hypercapnia were present. Cervical and thoracic radiographs showed severe tracheal collapse from the mid‐cervical region to the thoracic inlet and a moderate generalised bronchial pattern. Due to the poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected. On post‐mortem examination, some granulomatous nodules compatible with tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica were present in the tracheal lumen, and the entire trachea was laterally flattened. This uncommon laterolateral collapse was more severe at the thoracic inlet and in the mid‐cervical area, where a peritracheal haematoma was detected. A blunt trauma that exacerbated the tracheal collapse was suspected. Tracheal histology revealed degenerative changes. Degeneration of tracheal cartilage and connective tissue can be a predisposing factor to chronic collapse and recurrent episodes of inspiratory and expiratory distress. It is unknown whether chronic tracheal collapse is an independent condition or a consequence of an underlying lung disease.
Exploring personal and relational motivations and processes of forgiveness in religious families
Authors: Hendricks Justin J. , Chelladurai Joe M. , Marks Loren D. , Dollahite David C. , Kelley Heather H. , Rose Andrew H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjective and BackgroundWe used qualitative methodology to explore forgiveness motivations and processes in an ethnically, economically, and geographically diverse sample of 198 highly religious Christian, Muslim, and Jewish families in the United States (N = 480). Prior research has identified several significant relational implications and outcomes of forgiveness. However, there is a need for additional research on forgiveness processes and motivations among highly religious families.MethodFamilies were interviewed jointly through a semistructured interview protocol. Analysis was conducted using thematic and team‐based coding procedures.ResultsCore themes included (a) “Why forgive?”: Relational, religious, and spiritual motivations; (b) “What enables state forgiveness?”: Relational, religious, and spiritual processes; and (c) The role and development of trait forgiveness (forgivingness).ConclusionFindings highlight the relational, religious, and spiritual motivations and processes present in forgiveness and the role religious/spiritual beliefs and practices play in those processes. Additionally, findings illustrate participants' value of the virtue of forgivingness and reported religious and relational processes that helped in developing the trait of forgivingness.ImplicationsWe offer several questions that can be used as a starting point for practitioners to work within the worldview of religious clients to empower individuals, couples, and families to forgive.
Stock status of giant catfish Netuma thalassina (Rüppell, 1837) from Tamil Nadu, India waters
Authors: Abinaya Rajendran , Sajeevan Moosamikandy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractInformation on the stock status of giant catfish Netuma thalassina (Rüppell, 1837) is meagre due to lack of catch and effort data. Therefore, we reconstructed catch and effort data of the giant catfish fishery in Tamil Nadu, India waters from 2001 to 2020. Catch and effort data were analyzed with Catch and Effort Data Analysis (CEDA), Catch Maximum Sustainable Yield (CMSY) and the Bayesian state‐space implementation of the Schaefer production Model (BSM). Results indicated that giant catfish resources were fully exploited and reached the stage of overexploitation in 2014. Considering the high vulnerability to climate change, very high susceptibility to fishing, increased fishing effort and fully exploited status of giant catfish fishery, we propose a significant reduction of fishing effort to ensure sustainable exploitation.
Stable carbon isotope values of syndepositional carbonate spherules and micrite record spatial and temporal changes in photosynthesis intensity
Authors: Chen Mingfei , Conroy Jessica L. , Geyman Emily C. , Sanford Robert A. , Chee‐Sanford Joanne C. , Connor Lynn M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMarine and lacustrine carbonate minerals preserve carbon cycle information, and their stable carbon isotope values (δ13C) are frequently used to infer and reconstruct paleoenvironmental changes. However, multiple processes can influence the δ13C values of bulk carbonates, confounding the interpretation of these values in terms of conditions at the time of mineral precipitation. Co‐existing carbonate forms may represent different environmental conditions, yet few studies have analyzed δ13C values of syndepositional carbonate grains of varying morphologies to investigate their origins. Here, we combine stable isotope analyses, metagenomics, and geochemical modeling to interpret δ13C values of syndepositional carbonate spherules (>500 μm) and fine‐grained micrite (<63 μm) from a ~1600‐year‐long sediment record of a hypersaline lake located on the coral atoll of Kiritimati, Republic of Kiribati (1.9°N, 157.4°W). Petrographic, mineralogic, and stable isotope results suggest that both carbonate fractions precipitate in situ with minor diagenetic alterations. The δ13C values of spherules are high compared to the syndepositional micrite and cannot be explained by mineral differences or external perturbations, suggesting a role for local biological processes. We use geochemical modeling to test the hypothesis that the spherules form in the surface microbial mat during peak diurnal photosynthesis when the δ13C value of dissolved inorganic carbon is elevated. In contrast, we hypothesize that the micrite may precipitate more continuously in the water as well as in sub‐surface, heterotrophic layers of the microbial mat. Both metagenome and geochemical model results support a critical role for photosynthesis in influencing carbonate δ13C values. The down‐core spherule–micrite offset in δ13C values also aligns with total organic carbon values, suggesting that the difference in the δ13C values of spherules and micrite may be a more robust, inorganic indicator of variability in productivity and local biological processes through time than the δ13C values of individual carbonate forms.
The biogeochemical cycling of chlorine
Authors: Barnum Tyler P. , Coates John D. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChlorine has important roles in the Earth's systems. In different forms, it helps balance the charge and osmotic potential of cells, provides energy for microorganisms, mobilizes metals in geologic fluids, alters the salinity of waters, and degrades atmospheric ozone. Despite this importance, there has not been a comprehensive summary of chlorine's geobiology. Here, we unite different areas of recent research to describe a biogeochemical cycle for chlorine. Chlorine enters the biosphere through volcanism and weathering of rocks and is sequestered by subduction and the formation of evaporite sediments from inland seas. In the biosphere, chlorine is converted between solid, dissolved, and gaseous states and in oxidation states ranging from −1 to +7, with the soluble, reduced chloride ion as its most common form. Living organisms and chemical reactions change chlorine's form through oxidation and reduction and the addition and removal of chlorine from organic molecules. Chlorine can be transported through the atmosphere, and the highest oxidation states of chlorine are produced by reactions between sunlight and trace chlorine gases. Partial oxidation of chlorine occurs across the biosphere and creates reactive chlorine species that contribute to the oxidative stress experienced by living cells. A unified view of this chlorine cycle demonstrates connections between chlorine biology, chemistry, and geology that affect life on the Earth.
Inferred ancestry of scytonemin biosynthesis proteins in cyanobacteria indicates a response to Paleoproterozoic oxygenation
Authors: Tamre Erik , Fournier Gregory P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProtection from radiation damage is an important adaptation for phototrophic microbes. Living in surface, shallow water, and peritidal environments, cyanobacteria are especially exposed to long‐wavelength ultraviolet (UVA) radiation. Several groups of cyanobacteria within these environments are protected from UVA damage by the production of the pigment scytonemin. Paleontological evidence of cyanobacteria in UVA‐exposed environments from the Proterozoic, and possibly as early as the Archaean, suggests a long evolutionary history of radiation protection within this group. We show that phylogenetic analyses of enzymes in the scytonemin biosynthesis pathway support this hypothesis and reveal a deep history of vertical inheritance of this pathway within extant cyanobacterial diversity. Referencing this phylogeny to cyanobacterial molecular clocks suggests that scytonemin production likely appeared during the early Proterozoic, soon after the Great Oxygenation Event. This timing is consistent with an adaptive scenario for the evolution of scytonemin production, wherein the threat of UVA‐generated reactive oxygen species becomes significantly greater once molecular oxygen is more pervasive across photosynthetic environments.
Phylogenetic structure of alien and native species in regional plant assemblages across China: Testing niche conservatism hypothesis versus niche convergence hypothesis
Authors: Qian Hong , Qian Shenhua , Sandel Brody 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimThe introduction of alien species may be influenced by the phylogenetic structure of the native assemblage, while at the same time altering that structure. Understanding these effects sheds light on both the factors influencing naturalization of introduced species and their impacts. Considering regional angiosperm assemblages across China, we ask the following questions: (a) Do geographic patterns and climate relationships of alien species richness and phylogenetic structure mirror those of natives? (b) Has the addition of alien species resulted in stronger phylogenetic clustering as predicted by Darwin's preadaptation hypothesis? (c) To what degree does the answer to these questions depend on phylogenetic scale?LocationChina.Time periodCurrent.TaxonAngiosperms (flowering plants).MethodsWe divided China into 28 province‐level regions and collated native and naturalized alien species lists of angiosperms for each region. For each region, we computed two types of phylogenetic structure metrics [mean phylogenetic distance (MPD) and mean nearest neighbour distance (MNND), and their standardized effect sizes] for the native, alien and combined assemblages, and for angiosperms as a whole, 5 major clades and 10 well‐represented families. We then related these to climatic factors using correlation analyses.ResultsRichness of alien angiosperms is highest in regions with species rich and phylogenetically dispersed native assemblages. The standardized effect size of mean phylogenetic distance (MPDses) for aliens was positively correlated with that for natives. The introduction of alien species generally increased phylogenetic clustering of the combined assemblage compared to the natives for large phylogenetic extents, but effects within plant families were mixed. The MPDses was positively correlated with temperature and precipitation for both natives and aliens.Main conclusionsThe phylogenetic relationships at a lower level of phylogenetic scale may differ substantially from those at a higher level of phylogenetic scale. At the broadest phylogenetic extents, alien species tend to recapitulate the biogeographic patterns of natives, showing similar spatial patterns of species richness and phylogenetic structure, and tending to represent the same major angiosperm clades. This is highly consistent with Darwin's preadaptation hypothesis. Across narrower swaths of the phylogeny, these patterns are less clear, with a substantial number of plant families showing support for the biogeographic barrier hypothesis.
Lacosamide for refractory trigeminal neuralgia and other facial pain—Case report
Authors: Masrour Shamin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate effect of lacosamide monotherapy in three patients with refractory facial pain of various etiologies.BackgroundMany medications used to treat trigeminal neuralgia and other facial pain, including first‐ and second‐generation anticonvulsants, are often ineffective or have intolerable side‐effects. Lacosamide, a third‐generation anticonvulsant, has fewer side‐effects and is a potential treatment of facial pain.MethodsRetrospective review of three patients treated with lacosamide for facial pain.ResultsThe etiologies of the facial pain were idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN), TN secondary to a mass, and persistent idiopathic facial pain. Treatment with lacosamide led to significant improvement in pain in all three patients. Lacosamide was well tolerated without any reported side‐effects.ConclusionLacosamide effectively relieved idiopathic and secondary facial pain in three previously refractory patients. It may be effective for the treatment of refractory facial pain and could be considered as an alternative treatment for patients who do not respond or tolerate standard treatments for facial pain.
Contrasted propensity for waterborne and airborne dispersal between two closely related semi‐aquatic spider species
Authors: Monsimet Jérémy , Pétillon Julien , Devineau Olivier , Gardoni Nino , Bataillard Léa , Lafage Denis 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDispersal abilities are important to support metapopulation functioning and species distributions, yet it is rarely accounted for in conservation. Here, we compared the propensity for dispersal between the two fishing spiders present in Europe: the widespread habitat‐generalistDolomedes fimbriatusand the scarcer red‐listedDolomedes plantarius.We experimentally tested for airborne and waterborne dispersal using first instar juveniles sampled in nursery webs, and older juveniles. We estimated the propensity for short and long‐distance dispersal of airborne and waterborne behaviours, and we tested the difference between species with generalised linear mixed models.Airborne (ballooning) and waterborne (sailing) behaviours were more frequent forD. fimbriatusthan forD. plantarius, indicating a higher propensity of the former for long‐distance dispersal.The frequency of rappelling behaviour, and thus the propensity for short‐distance dispersal, did not differ between species. However, we found contrasting results for short‐distance dispersal on the water, with rowing being more frequent and running less frequent forD. plantariusthan forD. fimbriatus.The different propensity for dispersal between the two species might be partly explained by the ecology ofD. plantarius, which is known to be more habitat‐specialist and more dependent to water bodies thanD. fimbriatus.The limited propensity for dispersal of the red‐listedD. plantariusis another argument for conserving an interconnected network of wetlands in Fennoscandia. Indeed, increased isolation of populations would be detrimental for species maintenance.