bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Even short‐distance dispersal over a barrier can affect genetic differentiation in Gyraulus, an island freshwater snail
Authors: Saito Takumi , Sasaki Tetsuro , Tsunamoto Yoshihiro , Uchida Shota , Satake Kiyoshi , Suyama Yoshihisa , Chiba Satoshi 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Dispersal is a fundamental mechanism for maintaining biodiversity, and long‐distance dispersal (LDD) has attracted the interest of many researchers owing to its unusual characteristics. Conventionally, LDD has been defined based on absolute and proportional distances; however, it has recently been redefined based on geographic and genetic limits. Based on this redefinition, short‐distance dispersal can have the same characteristics as LDD, depending upon the dispersal dynamics of an organism. However, the effects of LDD at a local scale on the genetic structure and diversification of organisms are poorly understood, since many studies have focused on definitive LDD, such as oversea dispersal.

We focused on the freshwater snail Gyraulus sp. on an oceanic island, Chichijima Island, attempting to clarify the dynamics and effects of LDD on its genetic structure. We conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses, including divergence‐time estimation, using mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA markers to reveal the origin of the snail. In addition, we clarified the genetic structure, gene flow, and evolutionary history of snails on the island using mitochondrial DNA and genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. Finally, we followed a landscape ecology approach to identify barriers to dispersal.

Our phylogenies suggested that the snail has a single origin. Based on our divergence–time estimation, colonisation was estimated to have occurred around the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene. Our population genetic analyses documented genetic differentiation even within this small oceanic island. Based on the divergence time estimation and approximate Bayesian computation using single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, the differentiation was estimated to have begun around the late Pleistocene. Little gene flow occurred between the geographically structured snail genetic groups. Landscape analysis suggested that catchment boundaries were a major barrier to dispersal.

Considering the geography of the island, these results suggested that low‐frequency dispersal over barriers is an important factor in genetic differentiation within the island. Furthermore, dispersal over barrier may be considered LDD, even though the dispersal distance is only several kilometres.

Genetic evidence also suggested that resistance to gene flow over the barrier, rather than distance, is more important in determining whether dispersal should be considered LDD. This suggests that a definition of LDD that depends only on the distance may mislead an understanding of dispersal mode.
The effect of increasing fine sediment load and drying duration on the re‐emergence of Gammarus pulex (Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from the subsurface following flow resumption
Authors: Vadher Atish N. , Watson Sian , Copeland‐Phillips Ruth , Durrant Louis J. , Wood Paul J. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Environmental change and growing anthropogenic pressure on water resources is increasing the duration and intensity of drying events in streams in many geographical locations. Favourable sediment characteristics (e.g. high porosity and low fine sediment load within the substrate matrix) may facilitate benthic macroinvertebrate use of subsurface sediments in response to drying. However, the influence of sedimentary characteristics on the use and subsequent recovery of macroinvertebrates from initial vertical migration into, survival during unfavourable conditions within, and subsequent re‐emergence from subsurface sediments have not been directly observed.

Transparent mesocosm tanks were used to directly observe the vertical movement and subsequent re‐emergence of Gammarus pulex from subsurface sediments in response to increasing dry period (1, 7, or 21 days) and fine sediment load (0.5–1 mm particle diameter used for light and heavy sediment treatment) and following rehydration and resumption of flowing conditions.

Increasing volumes of fine sediment addition limited the ability of G. pulex to access subsurface sediment in response to drying and re‐emerge following rehydration. The longest dry period (21 days) reduced the ability of G. pulex to re‐emerge from the subsurface sediments following rehydration and flow resumption.

Increasing fine sediment load negatively affects taxa using subsurface sediments as a refuge. Increased fine sediment deposition has the potential to reduce both access to the sub‐surface and re‐emergence once surface flow resumes.

As many rivers are beginning to dry out, or are showing prolonged drying due to global warming, it is increasingly important that river management reduces the input of fine sediment into rivers and increase sediment porosity of riverbeds to facilitate access into the subsurface refuge by benthic fauna.
The cumulative impacts of anthropogenic stressors vary markedly along environmental gradients
Authors: Kefford Ben J. , Nichols Susan J. , Duncan Richard P. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the cumulative effects of multiple stressors on biodiversity is key to managing their impacts. Stressor interactions are often studied using an additive/antagonistic/synergistic typology, aimed at identifying situations where individual stressor effects are reduced or amplified when they act in combination. Here, we analysed variation in the family richness of stream macroinvertebrates in the groups Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) at 4658 sites spanning a 32° latitudinal range in eastern Australia in relation to two largely human‐induced stressors, salinity and turbidity, and two environmental gradients, temperature and slope. The cumulative and interactive effect of salinity and turbidity on EPT family richness varied across the landscape and by habitat (edge or riffle) such that we observed additive, antagonistic and synergistic outcomes depending on the environmental context. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the consistency of multiple stressor impacts, which will involve higher‐order interactions between multiple stressors and environmental factors.
Evidence Based Estimation of Macrodispersivity for Groundwater Transport Applications
Authors: Zech Alraune , Attinger Sabine , Bellin Alberto , Cvetkovic Vladimir , Dagan Gedeon , Dietrich Peter , Fiori Aldo , Teutsch Georg 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe scope of this work is to discuss the proper choice of macrodispersion coefficients in modeling contaminant transport through the advection dispersion equation (ADE). It is common to model solute concentrations in transport by groundwater with the aid of the ADE. Spreading is quantified by macrodispersivity coefficients, which are much larger than the laboratory observed pore‐scale dispersivities. In the frame of stochastic theory, longitudinal macrodispersivity is related to the hydraulic conductivity spatial variability via its statistical moments (mean, variance, integral scales), which are generally determined by geostatistical analysis of field measurements. In many cases, especially for preliminary assessment of contaminant spreading, these data are not available and ad hoc values are adopted by practitioners. The present study aims at recommending dispersivity values based on a thorough analysis of tens of field experiments. Aquifers are classified as of weak, medium, and high heterogeneity and for each class a range of macrodispersivity values is recommended. Much less data are available for the transverse macrodispersivities, which are significantly smaller than the longitudinal one. Nevertheless, a few realistic values based on field data, are recommended for applications. Transport models using macrodispersivities can predict mean concentrations, different from the local ones. They can be used for estimation of robust measures, like plumes spatial moments, longitudinal mass distribution and breakthrough curves at control planes.
Conversion degree and heat transfer in the cold cap and their effect on glass production rate in an electric melter
Authors: Ferkl Pavel , Hrma Pavel , Abboud Alexander , Guillen Donna Post , Vernerová Miroslava , Kloužek Jaroslav , Hall Mark , Kruger Albert A. , Pokorný Richard 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA predictive model of melt rate in waste glass vitrification operations is needed to inform melter operations during normal and off‐normal operations. This paper describes the development of a model of the cold cap (the reacting melter feed floating on molten glass in a glass melter) that couples heat transfer with the feed‐to‐glass conversion kinetics. The model was applied to four melter feeds designed for high‐level and low‐activity nuclear waste feeds using the material properties, either measured or estimated, to obtain temperature and conversion distribution within the cold cap. The cold cap model, when coupled with a computational fluid dynamics model of a Joule‐heated glass melter, allows the prediction of the glass production rate and power consumption. The results show reasonable agreement with the melting rates measured during pilot‐scale melter tests.
What beliefs underlie decisions to buy groceries online?
Authors: Stenius Minna , Eriksson Niklas 
Published: September 2022

AbstractOnline grocery shopping has become increasingly popular in many countries due to Covid‐19. Although there is plenty of research on consumer adoption and use of online grocery shopping, only a few studies focus on understanding the underlying beliefs of experienced buyers. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour and following its recommendations, the present study set out to explore the actual beliefs that underlie attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control to buy groceries online among those who have been doing it regularly for a longer time. A structured qualitative approach, in this case an elicitation study, was applied to uncover the shared ideas, modal salient beliefs, among a group of experienced buyers (n = 14). The study found that time‐saving and convenience, which for many meant avoiding the discomfort of in‐store shopping, combined with assisted meal planning and simultaneous ordering were considered important for experienced online shoppers. This suggests that further assistance in the planning to order process may be welcome, including more proactive prompts and suggestions. The quality of perishable goods was still a concern after months of online shopping, along with a limited product range, which for some had meant less variation in meals. Suboptimal user interface and delivery‐related inflexibility caused some concern. Retailers in the grocery business stand before major capital expenditure if they wish to expand their online offerings and services. The study at hand provides valuable initial insight into what drives consumer behaviour in this respect.
Effects of metal ions on cyanocobalamin stability in heated milk protein‐based matrices
Authors: Ding Yi , Choy Li Yin , Chew Min Hui , Lin Qi , Johns Paul W. 
Published: September 2022

SummaryLosses of vitamin B12 during the processing and/or storage of foods and supplements have been associated with both reducing and oxidising agents. We evaluated the effects of six redox active (Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ce3+, and Cr6+) and one redox inactive (Zn2+) metal ions on cyanocobalamin stability in heat‐treated, milk protein‐based matrices. The metal ion could either decrease (by ≤76%) or increase (by ≤56%) cyanocobalamin loss, depending on metal ion concentration and redox potential, as well as on matrix properties (metal ion binding, redox activity, and reactive oxygen species generation) and on protein properties (cysteine content, conformation, and charge density). The largest losses of cyanocobalamin appeared to be caused by redox cycling mechanisms (for Cu2+ and Fe2+); however, indications were that such losses could be mitigated by metal ion modification of the matrix. Only the redox inactive metal ion Zn2+ inhibited cyanocobalamin loss in all experimentally evaluated matrices.
Evaluation of newly‐developed modified diluted prothrombin time reagent in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation patients with direct oral anticoagulants: A comparative study with conventional reagents
Authors: Kumano Osamu , Suzuki Shinya , Yamazaki Masako , An Yoshimori , Yasaka Masahiro , Ieko Masahiro ,   for the Japanese study group for the assessment of direct oral anticoagulants
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionA single assay to assess the effect of the direct FXa inhibitor is needed clinically because prothrombin (PT) assay is not yet sensitive enough for accurate evaluation. We developed modified diluted prothrombin time (mdPT) assay showing a high reactivity to direct FXa inhibitors based on prothrombin time (PT) reagent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reactivity of mdPT to direct FXa inhibitors comparing to that of commercial PT reagents and diluted prothrombin time (dPT).MethodsThe correlation and slopes of mdPT against the drug concentrations by anti‐Xa assay were compared to those of the four commercial reagents of PT or dPT in 275, 257, and 243 clinical samples collected from non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients who are prescribed apixaban, edoxaban or rivaroxaban for stroke prevention, respectively.ResultsThe correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) of mdPT against apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban was 0.818 (0.775–0.854), 0.914 (0.892–0.932), and 0.814 (0.766–0.852), respectively. The slope (95% confidence interval) of mdPT for apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban was 0.0068 (0.0063–0.0075), 0.0076 (0.0072–0.0080), and 0.0072 (0.0065–0.0078), respectively, which were higher than that of four commercial PT and dPT reagents, ranging within 0.0006–0.0023, 0.0017–0.0038, and 0.0016–0.0057 (all, p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionCompared with other PT and dPT reagents, mdPT reagent showed sharper slope to all direct FXa inhibitors, and higher correlation to apixaban and comparable correlation to edoxaban and rivaroxaban. This new reagent is expected to be a coagulation screening assay having a consistently high response to any types of direct FXa inhibitors.
Symptom persistence and recovery among COVID‐19 survivors during a limited outbreak in Canterbury, New Zealand: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Cheung Jeanette , Nordmeier Kim , Kelland Sarah , Harrington Michael , Williman Jonathan , Storer Malina , Beaglehole Ben , Beckert Lutz , Chambers Stephen T , Epton Michael J , Freeman Josh , Murdoch David R , Werno Anja M , Maze Michael J 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn Canterbury, near complete identification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases during a limited outbreak provides unique insights into sequelae.AimsThe current study aimed to measure symptom persistence, time to return to normal activity, generalised anxiety and health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) among COVID‐19 survivors compared with uninfected participants.MethodsThe authors conducted a prospective cohort study of people tested for COVID‐19 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal swabs from 1 March to 30 June 2020. They enrolled participants who tested positive and negative at a 1:2 ratio, and administered community‐acquired pneumonia, 7‐item generalised anxiety disorder (GAD‐7) and HrQoL (RAND‐36) questionnaires.ResultsThe authors recruited 145 participants, 48 with COVID‐19 and 97 without COVID‐19. The mean time from COVID‐19 testing to completing the health questionnaire was 306 days. The mean age of patients was 46.7 years, and 70% were women. Four (8%) COVID‐19–positive and eight (8%) COVID‐19–negative participants required hospitalisation. Fatigue (30/48 [63%] vs 13/97 [13%]; P < 0.001), dyspnoea (13/48 [27%] vs 6/97 [6%]; P < 0.001) and chest pain (10/48 [21%] vs 1/97 [1%]; P < 0.001) were persistent in those with COVID‐19. Fewer COVID‐19–positive participants returned to normal activity levels (35/48 [73%] vs 94/97 97%; P < 0.001), with longer times taken (median 21 vs 14 days; P = 0.007). The GAD‐7 and RAND‐36 scores of both groups were similar across all anxiety and HrQoL subscales.ConclusionsPersistent symptoms and longer recovery times were found in COVID‐19 survivors, but not impaired generalised anxiety levels or HrQoL compared with COVID‐19–uninfected participants.
Re‐imagining healthcare delivery in the era of COVID‐19
Authors: Dwyer Karen M. , Axtens Michael J. , Egger Garry , Stevens John 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has exposed the deficiencies of the current healthcare system in terms of a disconnect between primary and tertiary care and increasing subspecialisation, the focus on acute episodic care rather than on prevention in a time where chronic disease prevails and an inefficient use of healthcare resources. Herein, we present the case for an alternative model of healthcare delivery – shared medical appointments – which are efficient, effective and empowering and can be transitioned to the virtual environment successfully. We highlight the barriers to implementation and how these can be overcome.
Rate of early hospital readmission amongst cirrhotic patients is high in Australia: experience from a single liver transplant centre
Authors: Vaz Karl , Tan Katrina , Chew Melissa , Crawford Jordan , Ma Ronald , Grace Josephine , Gow Paul , Sinclair Marie , Testro Adam 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackground and AimsThe 30‐day hospital readmission rate in cirrhotic patients has been demonstrated to be up to 40% in international studies, but is not well studied in Australia. The aim of the current study was to report on the rate and cause of 30‐day hospital readmission from a single liver transplant referral centre, including a cost analysis of readmissions.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of consecutive cirrhotic patients admitted to a liver transplant centre in Victoria, Australia, between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019. Cases were identified throughInternational Classification of Diseases,Tenth Revision, 10 coding for cirrhosis and its complications. Baseline demographic data, liver‐related complications and unrelated extra‐hepatic comorbidities, laboratory values and prognostic scores were collected from the electronic medical record.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐nine (63% men; median age at index admission, 59 years) patients who were admitted 427 times during the study period were included in the final analysis. The 30‐day hospital readmission rate was 46%, with the majority of readmissions attributable to fluid overload (29%), miscellaneous reasons (27%) and infection (20%). One fifth of readmissions were considered preventable. History of variceal haemorrhage was found to be an independent predictor of 30‐day hospital readmission. The annual cost of readmission is over AU$2.7 million and the median cost of hospital readmission was about AU$9000.ConclusionsThe 30‐day hospital readmission rate of 46% is higher than previously reported and almost half of cases were caused by either fluid overload or infection.
Guidance for transfusion management in patients receiving magrolimab therapy (anti‐CD47 monoclonal antibody)
Authors: Tan Michelle , Zacher Nicole , French Rae , Borosak Marija , Lennard Samantha , Le Viellez Annette , Benson Simon , Daly James 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMagrolimab (Hu5F9‐G4) is a first‐in‐class anti‐CD47 IgG4 monoclonal antibody, with potential applications in several malignancies including myelodysplastic syndrome. CD47 blockade in malignancy has been shown to promote antitumour effects. However, the ubiquity of CD47 on red blood cells can result in interference in pretransfusion immunohaematology investigations and hinder timely provision of red blood cell units, with potential to mask clinically significant alloantibodies. We reviewed the literature for pretransfusion interference seen with magrolimab and methods to circumvent potential issues, and sought to provide clinical and laboratory recommendations for safe local transfusion practices. These recommendations are based on expert opinion and available literature, including the Victorian Senior Transfusion Scientist working group and professional societies and organisations (Australian & New Zealand Society of Blood Transfusion and Lifeblood representatives), to establish consensus recommendations. Interference in the ABO group and antibody screen can occur, and baseline immunohaematology testing prior to magrolimab therapy is critical. Antibody screening using an antihuman globulin reagent that does not detect human IgG4 subclass may distinguish magrolimab interference from an underlying alloantibody in patient plasma. Clear and consistent protocols for laboratories and close communication with clinicians are paramount to facilitate timely and safe transfusion support for patients receiving magrolimab therapy. As local transfusion laboratories gain experience with magrolimab, this will assist in our understanding and comfort in managing these patients.
Assessment of respiratory function and exercise tolerance at 4–6 months after COVID‐19 infection in patients with pneumonia of different severity
Authors: Pini Laura , Montori Rossano , Giordani Jordan , Guerini Michele , Orzes Nicla , Ciarfaglia Manuela , Arici Marianna , Cappelli Carlo , Piva Simone , Latronico Nicola , Muiesan Maria L. , Tantucci Claudio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe evaluation of COVID‐19 systemic consequences is a wide research field in which respiratory function assessment has a pivotal role. However, the available data in the literature are still sparse and need further strengthening.AimTo assess respiratory function 4–6 months after hospital discharge based on lung disease severity in patients who overcome COVID‐19 pneumonia.MethodsPatients hospitalised either in the Internal Medicine Department (IMD) for moderate to severe disease or in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for critical disease underwent spirometry with maximal flow‐volume curve, lung volumes, lung diffusion capacity (DLCO) and six‐minute walking test (6‐MWT).ResultsEighty‐eight patients were analysed: 40 from the IMD and 48 from the ICU. In both cohorts, there was a greater prevalence of male patients. In the IMD cohort, 38% of patients showed at least one altered respiratory parameter, while 62% in the ICU cohort did so (P < 0.05). Total lung capacity (TLC) and DLCO were the most frequently altered parameters: 15% and 33% from IMD versus 33% and 56% from ICU, respectively (P < 0.05). In IMD patients, 5% had only restrictive deficit, 22% had only lung diffusion impairment and 10% had both. In ICU patients, 6% had only restrictive deficit, 29% had only lung diffusion impairment and 27% had both (P < 0.05). ICU patients showed a higher frequency of abnormal 6‐MWT (P < 0.05).ConclusionLung function tests and 6‐MWT are highly informative tools for monitoring the negative consequences of COVID‐19 pneumonia, which were more frequent and more complex in patients discharged from ICU.