bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information needs and mHealth applications for carers of people with dementia in managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of care recipients: an integrative review protocol
Authors: Jagoda Thilanka , Rathnayake Sarath , Dharmaratne Samath 
Published: June 2022

IntroductionThis integrative review aims to synthesise, appraise and analyse the evidence on informal carers’ information needs, features and functions of available mHealth applications, and informal carers’ usability and engagement with mHealth applications for managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).Methods and analysisThis integrative review will include quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies and follow the ‘Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020’ guidelines. Peer-reviewed articles published in English from 2000 to 2021 will be included from Cochrane Library, CINHAL, Embase, MEDLINE, ProQuest and PsycINFO. Five broader concept categories will be included: ‘dementia’, ‘behavioural and psychological symptoms’, ‘informal carers’, ‘(information need’ OR ‘mHealth application)’. In title and abstract review, first, the researchers will independently screen 10% of sources for consensus, and one reviewer will screen the rest. In full-text review, two reviewers will conduct the screening process and assess the relevancy of the full-text articles using a two-point scale (high-low) and the methodological quality of included articles using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Narrative synthesis will be employed to synthesise themes. The findings may identify the need for planning interventions for carers of people with dementia concerning the management of BPSD.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval not required. This review will be published in a peer-review journal and be presented at national and international conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021238540.
Young adults’ cigarillo risk perceptions, attention to warning labels and perceptions of proposed pictorial warnings: a focus group study
Authors: Gratale Stefanie K , Jeong Michelle , Sidhu Anupreet , Safi Zeinab , Strasser Andrew A , Delnevo Cristine D , Wackowski Olivia A 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveAlthough cigars pose similar health risks to cigarettes, they are not uniformly required to carry a warning label on their packaging in the USA. The US Food and Drug Administration’s 2016 deeming rule established a cigar warning requirement, but it was challenged in federal court for failing to document warning effects on prevention/cessation, thus necessitating an evidentiary base for such requirements. We sought to explore young adult users’ understanding of cigarillo risks and addictiveness, as well as their perceptions of current (voluntary) and proposed cigar warning labels.DesignIn December 2020–January 2021, we conducted eight focus groups with young adult cigarillo smokers. We asked participants their first associations of cigarillos and beliefs about product harms/addictiveness, and then discussed existing warning labels and examples of potential pictorial warnings.SettingFocus groups were conducted remotely via the Adobe Connect platform, with participants from 20 US states.ParticipantsParticipants included 42 young adults (ages 18–29; 50% male), who were recent cigarillo users (ie, past 30 days) or less frequent users (ie, past 12 months).ResultsParticipants frequently used cigarillos as blunts and often conveyed uncertainty about cigarillo risks and addictiveness, in general and relative to cigarettes. Participants typically paid little attention to current text warnings, but many expressed that pictorial warnings would more effectively promote knowledge of product risks and discourage use among prospective users.ConclusionsUS young adult cigarillo users may lack knowledge about product risks and addictiveness. Standardised warning requirements, particularly pictorial labels, may help address this knowledge gap and deter use.
Comparison of demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics between first and second COVID-19 waves in a secondary care hospital in Qatar: a retrospective study
Authors: Naushad Vamanjore A , Purayil Nishan K , Chandra Prem , Saeed Abazar Ahmad M , Radhakrishnan Pradeep , Varikkodan Irfan , Mathew Joe V , Sirajudeen Jaseem , Hammamy Riyadh A , Badi Ahmad M , Suliman Aasir M , Badawi Mohamed N , Arya Saket , AlMotawa Maryam , Al-Baker Aisha , Alatom Rania , Kartha Anand 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the patient profile and outcomes in Qatar during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.SettingA retrospective observational study was conducted comparing the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to a secondary care hospital, during the first and second waves of the pandemic.Participants1039 patients from the first wave and 991 from the second wave who had pneumonia on chest X-ray and had a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by a real-time PCR test of a nasopharyngeal swab were included. Patients with a normal chest X-ray and those who had a negative PCR test despite a positive COVID-19 antigen test were excluded.OutcomeLength of stay, need for mechanical ventilation, final disposition and mortality were the key outcomes studiedResultsInfluenza like symptoms (18.5% in the first wave vs 36.1% in the second wave, p 0.001), cough (79.2% vs 87%, p<0.001) and dyspnoea (27.5% vs 38% p<0.001) were more common in the second wave. Second wave patients had significantly higher respiratory rate, lower peripheral oxygen saturation, needed more supplemental oxygen and had higher incidence of pulmonary embolism. More patients received hydroxychloroquine and antibiotics during the first wave and more received steroids, antivirals and interleukin-1 antagonist during the second wave. The second wave had a shorter length of stay (14.58±7.75 vs 12.61±6.16, p<0.001) and more patients were discharged home (22% vs 10%, p<0.001).ConclusionsPatients who presented during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic appeared to be more ill clinically and based on their laboratory parameters. They required shorter hospitalisation and were more likely to be discharged home. This could represent greater expertise in handling such patients that was acquired during the first wave as well as use of more appropriate and combination therapies during the second wave.
Global burden of musculoskeletal disorders and attributable factors in 204 countries and territories: a secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study
Authors: Liu Shiwen , Wang Binyan , Fan Shuzhen , Wang Yaxuan , Zhan Yuxuan , Ye Ding 
Published: June 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate the global burden of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders, as well as the five common conditions, and their relevant risk factors from 1990 to 2019.DesignData from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 were used in this study.Setting and participantsIndividuals of all ages and genders from 204 countries and territories in 21 regions.Main outcome measuresThe outcomes were the numbers and age-standardised rates (ASRs) of incident cases, deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of MSK disorders. The average annual percent changes (AAPCs) in the ASRs were calculated using joinpoint regression analysis to estimate the trends.ResultsThere were 322.75 million incident cases, 117.54 thousand deaths and 150.08 million DALYs of MSK disorders in 2019. The age-standardised incidence rate and age-standardised DALY rate in 2019 (incidence: AAPC=−0.32, 95% CI −0.34 to −0.31; DALYs: AAPC=−0.05, 95% CI −0.06 to −0.04) were lower than those in 1990. However, the age-standardised death rate showed a stable trend (AAPC 0.05, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.15) from 1990 to 2019. The peak age of onset and DALYs of MSK disorders was 50–54 years in 2019. The burden of MSK disorders in females was much higher than that in males (1.29 times more incident cases, 2.24 times more deaths and 1.45 times more DALYs in females than in males). A significant negative correlation was observed between the AAPCs in the ASRs and the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) score. Occupational risk exhibited the highest contribution to MSK disorders, and tobacco use and high body mass index were also major risk factors.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the burden of MSK disorders tends to be lower in high-SDI regions than in lower-SDI regions. Strengthening the effectiveness of preventive measures against occupational risks may reduce the burden of MSK disorders.
A Category Theoretic View of Contextual Types: From Simple Types to Dependent Types
Authors: Hu Jason Z. S. , Pientka Brigitte , Schöpp Ulrich 
Published: June 2022

We describe the categorical semantics for a simply typed variant and a simplified dependently typed variant of
Cocon
, a contextual modal type theory where the box modality mediates between the weak function space that is used to represent higher-order abstract syntax (HOAS) trees and the strong function space that describes (recursive) computations about them. What makes
Cocon
different from standard type theories is the presence of first-class contexts and contextual objects to describe syntax trees that are closed with respect to a given context of assumptions. Following M. Hofmann’s work, we use a presheaf model to characterise HOAS trees. Surprisingly, this model already provides the necessary structure to also model
Cocon
. In particular, we can capture the contextual objects of
Cocon
using a comonad ♭ that restricts presheaves to their closed elements. This gives a simple semantic characterisation of the invariants of contextual types (e.g. substitution invariance) and identifies
Cocon
as a type-theoretic syntax of presheaf models. We further extend this characterisation to dependent types using categories with families and show that we can model a fragment of
Cocon
without recursor in the Fitch-style dependent modal type theory presented by Birkedal et al.
Serum Cystatin C Level Monitoring for Intervention Opportunity of CBP in Children with Severe Sepsis
Authors: Wang Weikai , Qiang Yi , Tao Zhongbin , Yang Baowang , Yan Bin , Chen Xilong , Xu Ruifeng 
Published: June 2022

Objective. The aim of this study is to investigate the instruction value of the serum cystatin C (Cys C) level monitoring for intervention opportunity of continuous blood purification technology (CBP) in children with severe sepsis. Methods. 67 children with severe sepsis in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with CBP treatment were retrospectively selected from May 2016 to April 2020. According to the time intervals between the time point of serum Cys C level began to increase (>15 mg/L) and the time point of CBP began, all children were divided into group A (<24 h, 29 cases), group B (24–48 h, 22 cases), and group C (>48 h, 16 cases). The children’s general characteristics, vital signs, biochemical parameters, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II), and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores were evaluated. The influence factors of prognosis of children with severe sepsis were analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. Results. The intervals between the time point of PICU hospitalization and the time point of CBP began and the times of CBP in group A were significantly more than those in group B and C

P
<
0.05

. There was no statistically significant duration of CBP among three groups

P
>
0.05

. After follow-up of 28 d, there was no significant difference on the occurrence of coagulation disorders and hypovolemic shock induced by CBP among three groups

P
>
0.05

. However, the mortality of children in group A was lower than that in group C

P
<
0.05

. Children in group A had lower APACHE II scores, SOFA scores, serum K+, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatine (SCr), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), and higher partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) than those of children in group C after CBP.

P
<
0.05

. SOFA scores ≥5 after CBP treatment and the time intervals between the time point of serum Cys C level began to increase (>15 mg/L) and the time point of CBP began ≥24 h were the independent influence factors on the prognosis by multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion. There are significant evidences that continuous blood purification technology within 24 h of serum Cys C level may better control the condition of children with severe sepsis.
Classification of Transgenic Mice by Retinal Imaging Using SVMS
Authors: Sayeed Farrukh , Rafeeq Ahmed K. , Vinmathi M. S. , Priyadarsini A. Indira , Gundupalli Charles Babu , Tripathi Vikas , Shishah Wesam , Sundramurthy Venkatesa Prabhu 
Published: June 2022

Alzheimer’s disease is the neuro disorder which characterized by means of Amyloid–

β

(A

β

) in brain. However, accurate detection of this disease is a challenging task since the pathological issues of brain are complex in identification. In this paper, the changes associated with the retinal imaging for Alzheimer’s disease are classified into two classes such as wild-type (WT) and transgenic mice model (TMM). For testing, optical coherence tomography (OCT) images are used to classify into two groups. The classification is implemented by support vector machines with the optimum kernel selection using a genetic algorithm. Among several kernel functions of SVM, the radial basis kernel function provides the better classification result. In order to deal with an effective classification using SVM, texture features of retinal images are extracted and selected. The overall accuracy reached 92% and 91% of precision for the classification of transgenic mice.
Caspase-3–Induced Activation of SREBP2 Drives Drug Resistance via Promotion of Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Mok Etienne Ho Kit , Leung Carmen Oi Ning , Zhou Lei , Lei Martina Mang Leng , Leung Hoi Wing , Tong Man , Wong Tin Lok , Lau Eunice Yuen Ting , Ng Irene Oi Lin , Ding Jin , Yun Jing Ping , Yu Jun , Zhu Hui Lian , Lin Chi Ho , Lindholm Dan , Leung Kit Sum , Cybulski Jonathan D. , Baker David M. , Ma Stephanie , Lee Terence Kin Wah 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that drug resistance can be acquired in cancer through the repopulation of tumors by cancer stem cell (CSC) expansion. Here, we investigated mechanisms driving resistance and CSC repopulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as a cancer model using two drug-resistant, patient-derived tumor xenografts that mimicked the development of acquired resistance to sorafenib or lenvatinib treatment observed in patients with HCC. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that cholesterol biosynthesis was most commonly enriched in the drug-resistant xenografts. Comparison of the genetic profiles of CD133+ stem cells and CD133− bulk cells from liver regeneration and HCC mouse models showed that the cholesterol pathway was preferentially upregulated in liver CSCs compared with normal liver stem cells. Consistently, SREBP2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis was crucial for the augmentation of liver CSCs, and loss of SREBP2 conferred sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, suggesting a role in regulation of acquired drug resistance in HCC. Similarly, exogenous cholesterol-treated HCC cells showed enhanced cancer stemness abilities and drug resistance. Mechanistically, caspase-3 (CASP3) mediated cleavage of SREBP2 from the endoplasmic reticulum to promote cholesterol biosynthesis, which consequently caused resistance to sorafenib/lenvatinib treatment by driving activation of the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Simvastatin, an FDA-approved cholesterol-lowering drug, not only suppressed HCC tumor growth but also sensitized HCC cells to sorafenib. These findings demonstrate that CSC populations in HCC expand via CASP3-dependent, SREBP2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis in response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy and that targeting cholesterol biosynthesis can overcome acquired drug resistance.

Significance:
This study finds that cholesterol biosynthesis supports the expansion of cancer stem cell populations to drive resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma, identifying potential therapeutic approaches for improving cancer treatment.
Late Outcomes of Patients With Prehospital ST‐Segment Elevation and Appropriate Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Nonactivation
Authors: Faour Amir , Pahn Reece , Cherrett Callum , Gibbs Oliver , Lintern Karen , Mussap Christian J. , Rajaratnam Rohan , Leung Dominic Y. , Taylor David A. , Faddy Steven C. , Lo Sidney , Juergens Craig P. , French John K. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Patients with suspected ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and cardiac catheterization laboratory nonactivation (CCL‐NA) or cancellation have reportedly similar crude and higher adjusted risks of death compared with those with CCL activation, though reasons for these poor outcomes are not clear. We determined late clinical outcomes among patients with prehospital ECG STEMI criteria who had CCL‐NA compared with those who had CCL activation.

Methods and Results
We identified consecutive prehospital ECG transmissions between June 2, 2010 to October 6, 2016. Diagnoses according to the Fourth Universal Definition of myocardial infarction (MI), particularly rates of myocardial injury, were adjudicated. The primary outcome was all‐cause death. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular death/MI/stroke and noncardiovascular death. To explore competing risks, cause‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) were obtained. Among 1033 included ECG transmissions, there were 569 (55%) CCL activations and 464 (45%) CCL‐NAs (1.8% were inappropriate CCL‐NAs). In the CCL activation group, adjudicated index diagnoses included MI (n=534, 94%, of which 99.6% were STEMI and 0.4% non‐STEMI), acute myocardial injury (n=15, 2.6%), and chronic myocardial injury (n=6, 1.1%). In the CCL‐NA group, diagnoses included MI (n=173, 37%, of which 61% were non‐STEMI and 39% STEMI), chronic myocardial injury (n=107, 23%), and acute myocardial injury (n=47, 10%). At 2 years, the risk of all‐cause death was higher in patients who had CCL‐NA compared with CCL activation (23% versus 7.9%, adjusted risk ratio, 1.58, 95% CI, 1.24–2.00), primarily because of an excess in noncardiovascular deaths (adjusted HR, 3.56, 95% CI, 2.07–6.13). There was no significant difference in the adjusted risk for cardiovascular death/MI/stroke between the 2 groups (HR, 1.23, 95% CI, 0.87–1.73).

Conclusions
CCL‐NA was not primarily attributable to missed STEMI, but attributable to “masquerading” with high rates of non‐STEMI and myocardial injury. These patients had worse late outcomes than patients who had CCL activation, mainly because of higher rates of noncardiovascular deaths.
Alcohol Consumption Is Associated With Postablation Recurrence but Not Changes in Atrial Substrate in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Insight from a High‐Density Mapping Study
Authors: Sagawa Yuichiro , Nagata Yasutoshi , Miwa Naoyuki , Yamaguchi Takanori , Watanabe Keita , Kaneko Masakazu , Nakamura Tomofumi , Nozato Toshihiro , Ashikaga Takashi , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: June 2022

Background
The association between alcohol consumption, atrial substrate, and outcomes after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation remains controversial. This study evaluated the impacts of drinking on left atrial substrate and AF recurrence after ablation.

Methods and Results

We prospectively enrolled 110 patients with AF without structural heart disease (64±12 years) from 2 institutions. High‐density left atrial electroanatomic mapping was performed using a high‐density grid multipolar catheter. We investigated the impact of alcohol consumption on left atrial voltage, left atrial conduction velocity, and AF ablation outcome. Patients were classified as abstainers (<1 drink/wk), mild drinkers (1–7 drinks/wk), or moderate‐heavy drinkers (>7 drinks/wk). High‐density mapping (mean 2287±600 points/patient) was performed on 49 abstainers, 27 mild drinkers, and 34 moderate‐heavy drinkers. Low‐voltage zone and slow‐conduction zone were identified in 39 (35%) and 54 (49%) patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in the proportions of low‐voltage zone and slow‐conduction zone among the 3 groups. The success rate after a single ablation was significantly lower in drinkers than in abstainers (79.3% versus 95.9% at 12 months; mean follow‐up, 18±8 months;
P
=0.013). The success rate after a single or multiple ablations was not significantly different among abstainers and drinkers. In multivariate analysis, alcohol consumption (
P
=0.02) and the presence of a low‐voltage zone (
P
=0.032) and slow‐conduction zone (
P
=0.02) were associated with AF recurrence after a single ablation, while low‐voltage zone (
P
=0.023) and slow‐conduction zone (
P
=0.024) were associated with AF recurrence after a single or multiple ablations.

Conclusions
Alcohol consumption was associated with AF recurrence after a single ablation but not changes in atrial substrate.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Analysis of KNOW‐CKD Data
Authors: Kang Eunjeong , Lee Sung Woo , Ryu Hyunjin , Kang Minjung , Kim Seonmi , Park Sue K. , Jung Ji Yong , Lee Kyu‐Beck , Han Seung Hyeok , Ahn Curie , Oh Kook‐Hwan 
Published: June 2022

Background
Few studies have examined the association between the early diastolic mitral inflow velocity/early diastolic mitral annulus velocity ratio (E/e’) and chronic kidney disease progression.

Methods and Results

We reviewed data from 2238 patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease from the KNOW‐CKD (Korean Cohort Study for Outcome in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease); data from 163 patients were excluded because of missing content. A >50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline, doubling of serum creatinine, or dialysis initiation and/or kidney transplantation were considered renal events. At baseline, median (interquartile range) ejection fraction and E/e’ were 64.0% (60.0%–68.0%) and 9.1 (7.4–11.9), respectively. Proportions of ejection fraction <50% and E/e’ ≥15 were 1.3% and 9.6%, respectively. More than one quarter of patients (27.2%) had an estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
. During the mean 59.1‐month follow‐up period, 724 patients (34.9%) experienced renal events. In multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the hazard ratio with 95% CI per 1‐unit increase in E/e’ was 1.027 (1.005–1.050;
P
=0.016). Penalized spline curve analysis yielded a suggested threshold of E/e’ for renal events of 12; in our data set, the proportion of E/e’ ≥12 was 4.1%.

Conclusions
Increased E/e’ was associated with an increased hazard of renal events, suggesting that diastolic heart dysfunction is a novel risk factor for chronic kidney disease progression.