bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Analysis of the Superficial and Deep Fascia
Authors: Hammoudeh Diya’ S.N. , Dohi Teruyuki , Cho Hoyu , Ogawa Rei 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Key risk factors for hypertrophic scarring and surgical site infections are high tension on the wound, fat necrosis, and dead space. All could be prevented by appropriate superficial fascia (SF) suturing. To improve SF suturing, the as-yet poorly researched anatomy of the SF should be delineated. This study is the first to quantify SF throughout the human body in-vivo.

Methods:
Ultrasound was used to analyze the SF and deep fascia (DF) of ten volunteers at 73 points on 11 body regions, including the upper and lower trunk and limbs. Number of SF layers, average SF-layer thickness, total SF thickness, percent SF relative to subcutaneous-tissue thickness, and DF and dermis thickness were measured at each point.

Results:
730 ultrasound images were analyzed. Body regions varied markedly in terms of subcutaneous variables. Posterior chest had the thickest DF and dermis and the highest average SF-layer thickness (0.6 mm; 95%CI=0.6–0.7 mm). Anterior chest had the most SF layers (3.7; 95%CI=3.5-3.8). Posterior and anterior chest had among the highest percent SFs. Abdomen and especially gluteus had low percent SFs (32%, 95%CI=29–35%; and 23%, 95%CI=19–27%, respectively). Covariate analyses confirmed that posterior and anterior chest generally had higher SF content than gluteus and abdomen (both P<0.001). They also showed that the dermis in the posterior and anterior chest increased proportionally to total fascia (SF+DF) thickness.

Conclusions:
The SF, DF, and dermis tend to be thick in high-tension areas such as the upper trunk. A site-specific surgical approach is recommended for subcutaneous sutures.
The Asian Eye: Anthropometric Eye Measurements of Attractiveness in Young East Asian Women
Authors: Patel Anooj A. , Wan Rou , Garg Stuti , Ullrich Peter , Vaca Elbert E. , Alghoul Mohammed S. , Ellis Marco , Galiano Robert D. 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Due to the high volume of Asian eyelid surgeries performed and the complexity of the Asian eye, there is a need to define exactly what anthropometric measurements determine attractiveness.

Methods:
Eye photographs of young East Asian women were collected from publicly available sources online. Photographs were evaluated on Likert scale of 1-5 for attractiveness. Thirty-seven anthropometric measurements were collected using ImageJ from the most attractive and least attractive eyes to discover which features play the most important role in attractiveness.

Results:
A total of 322 right eye photographs were evaluated for attractiveness. Sixty-six eyes received a median score of ≥4.0 and were included in the attractive cohort. Forty-three eyes received a score of ≤ 2.0 and were included in the unattractive cohort. The superior brow peak was more lateralized compared to the upper lid crease and upper lash line peaks in attractive eyes. A greater palpebral aperture height to upper lid show ratio was found to be more associated with attractive eyes than unattractive. At the mid-pupillary line, the ratio was on average 1.58 ± (0.32) in attractive eyes vs 1.22 ± (0.43) in unattractive, p<0.001. Eyes with convergence of the upper lid crease with the upper lash line were more likely to be deemed unattractive (p<0.001).

Conclusion:
East Asian eyes have specific anthropometric measurements that are more associated with attractiveness. These ideal measurements are different from those in Caucasians suggesting ethnic variability in features defining attractiveness and a need to tailor surgical care appropriately.
The preliminary application of a novel autologous “scrotal dartos flap method” for enlargement of penile girth in males with small penis syndrome
Authors: LEI Junhao , GUO Yuming , LUO Chunhua , SU Xinjun 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Augmentative phalloplasty is a controversial issue. A safe, stable, and efficient surgical method for penile girth enlargement (PGE) was not avaliable. This paper introduces a novel autologous scrotal flap-turning procedure “scrotal dartos flap method” for males with small penis syndrome (SPS) and addresses its efficacy and safety.

Methods:
A single‐centered, prospective study was conducted at the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, where 29 patients were treated with “scrotal dartos flap method”. The key procedure for this technique is fully turning the scrotal dartos flap to the loose plane just between the superficial penile fascia and Buck’s fascia to increase the circumference of the penis. Penile girth improvement and adverse events (AEs) were recorded.

Results:
Complete follow‐up data were collected for 27/29 (93.1%) of the patients. It yielded a 3.59 ± 0.80 cm (50.8%) girth improvement. This enlargement surpassed that of most previous published surgical procedures. Additionally, there were no serious AEs (such as penile fibrosis, flap infection, sclerosis, or removal) during the 6-month follow-up. Wound infection (n = 1), hematoma (n = 2), and folding (n = 1) were all slight.

Conclusions:
This novel autologous flap-turning procedure performed better than the majority of previously published PGE methods and was accompanied by only slight and acceptable AEs. “Scrotal dartos flap method” appears to be a viable method for the PGE treatment of SPS.
Brief Report: Effect of Antiretroviral Switch From Tenofovir Disoproxil fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide on Alanine Aminotransferase, Lipid Profiles, and Renal Function in HIV/HBV-Coinfected Individuals in a Nationwide Canadian Study
Authors: Sarowar Arif , Coffin Carla S. , Fung Scott , Wong Alexander , Doucette Karen , Truong David , Conway Brian , Haylock-Jacobs Sarah , Ramji Alnoor , Hansen Bettina E. , Janssen Harry L. A. , Cooper Curtis 
Published: August 2022

Objective:
Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) achieves increased renal safety and improved alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization but increased lipid profile in hepatitis B virus (HBV)–monoinfected patients switched from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). It is unclear whether HIV coinfection perturbs these biochemical changes. To this end, we assessed these parameters in HIV/HBV-coinfected patients switched from TDF to TAF.

Design:
Retrospective, multicenter, observational study.

Methods:
HIV/HBV-coinfected patients switched from TDF to TAF-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) at 6 Canadian Hepatitis B Network (CanHepB) academic sites were included. Changes in lipid profile, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and ALT were evaluated using linear mixed effect model regression.

Results:
Eighty-two HIV/HBV-coinfected patients with a mean 103-week follow-up duration were identified. At time of TAF switch, 80 of 82 (98%) were HBV virally suppressed, 29 of 82 (35%) had elevated ALT levels, and 63 of 82 (77%) had eGFR of ≥60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Twenty-six/Eighty-two (32%) had preexisting renal comorbidities. There were no changes in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels 2 years after TAF switch. Those with elevated ALT levels achieved greater ALT normalization after TAF switch (−0.004 [−0.008 to 0.0] log10U/L/mo, P = 0.03). eGFR decline rate while on TDF (−0.66 [−0.23 to −1.08] mL/min/month, P < 0.005) was diminished after switching to TAF (−0.02 [−0.16 to 0.11] mL/min/mo, P = 0.7) and those with eGFR of <60 mL/min experienced increase in eGFR after TAF switch (0.45 [0.03–0.87] mL/min/mo, P = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Our study supports switching from TDF to TAF with positive influence on overall long-term biochemical profile in HIV/HBV-coinfected individuals.
Breast Implant–Related Adverse Events During Mammography
Authors: Normandin Shanel , Safran Tyler , Abi-Rafeh Jad , Tremblay Francine , Winocour Sebastian J. , Chu Carrie , Davison Peter G. , Vorstenbosch Joshua 
Published: August 2022

Background
Adverse events arising in patients with breast implants during mammography reported by the Food and Drug Administration include implant rupture, pain, and impaired visualization. However, data supporting these claims were collected in 2004, and since, newer implant generations have been developed with overall rate of implantation increasing by 48%.

Objectives
This article aims to determine the current incidence of implant-related adverse events arising during mammography.

Methods
We analyzed reports regarding silicone and saline breast implants published in the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database between 2008 and November 2018. Search terms included “mammogram,” “mammography,” “radiograph,” “breast cancer screening,” “breast cancer test,” and “x-ray.”

Results
Of the 20 539 implant-related adverse events available in the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database, 427 were retrieved using our search strategy and 41 were related to mammography. Thirty-five of identified cases (85.4%) reported implant rupture, of which 19 (54.3%) were confirmed by a healthcare professional, 9 (25.7%) were clinically confirmed by saline implant deflation, and 7 (20.0%) were unverified reports by patients. Sixteen ruptures (45.7%) occurred with silicone implants, whereas 19 ruptures (54.3%) occurred with saline. Other adverse events included pain (29.3%), change in implant appearance (14.6%), and swelling (7.3%).

Conclusions
Although implant rupture, pain, change in implant appearance, and swelling may occur, minimal implant-related adverse events arise during mammography. Given the extremely low reported risk of implant rupture, this should neither prevent patients from adhering to breast cancer screening programs nor deter patients from seeking breast implants. Patients should be aware of these reported risks and discuss screening options with their breast cancer screening team.
Sacroperineal Reconstruction With Inferior Gluteal Artery Perforator Flaps After Resection of Locally Advanced Primary and Recurrent Anorectal Malignancy
Authors: Khalil Haitham H. , McArthur David , Youssif Sherif , Alsharkawy Kareem , Hendrickse Charles , Dilworth Mark , Karandikar Sharad 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Modern interdisciplinary concepts with involvement of various surgical specialties can considerably reduce perioperative morbidity after sacroperineal resection of locally advanced primary or recurrent anorectal malignancies. Resultant defects can represent a major challenge for reconstruction particularly with chemoradiotherapy. The aim is to assess the long-term outcomes of sacroperineal reconstruction using inferior gluteal artery perforator flaps.
We performed a retrospective data analysis on 31 patients who were treated with inferior gluteal artery perforator flaps (n = 61) over the period 2009–2021. The demographic data, comorbidities, operative details, and outcomes with special focus on wound infection and dehiscence were recorded.
The median age was 42 year (range, 25–82 years) with preponderance of males (n = 21). The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 80 months. Early minor complications included superficial wound dehiscence (3), which was managed conservatively, whereas the major (2) included deep wound collection and infection (1), which required surgical drainage, and perineal hernia, which required repair. All flaps survived completely.
Inferior gluteal artery perforator flaps are safe, robust, and reliable with less donor side morbidity and positive impact on quality of life. It should be considered as a valuable tool in the reconstructive armamentarium of sacroperineal defects within a multidisciplinary setting.
Surgical Treatment of Parsonage Turner Syndrome With Primary Nerve Transfers
Authors: Winter Jessica , Karir Aneesh , Clark Tod A. , Giuffre Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Parsonage Turner syndrome (PTS) is the development of severe, spontaneous pain with subsequent nerve palsy. Unfortunately, many patients never achieve full functional recovery, and many have chronic pain. The use of nerve transfers in PTS has not been reported in the literature. We present 4 cases of PTS treated surgically with primary nerve transfer and neurolysis of the affected nerve following the absence of clinical and electrodiagnostic recovery at 5 months from onset. In addition, we present a cadaver dissection demonstrating an interfascicular dissection of the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) into its components to enable a fascicular transfer in partial AIN neuropathy. Two patients with complete axillary neuropathy underwent a neurorrhaphy between the nerve branch to the lateral head of the triceps and the anterior/middle deltoid nerve branch of the axillary nerve. Two patients with partial AIN neuropathy involving the FDP to the index finger (FDP2) underwent a neurorrhaphy between an extensor carpi radialis brevis nerve branch and the FDP2 nerve branch. All patients had neurolysis of the affected nerves. All subjects recovered at least M4 motor strength. The cadaver dissection demonstrates 3 separate nerve fascicles of the AIN into FPL, FDP2, and pronator quadratus that can be individually selected for reinnervation with a fascicular nerve transfer. Functional recovery for patients with PTS with neurolysis alone is variable. Surgical treatment with neurolysis and a nerve transfer to improve functional recovery when no recovery is seen by 5 months is an option.
Use of Submental Intubation in the Full-Face Makeover (Orthognathic Surgery, Facial Prosthesis Combined With Rhinoplasty)
Authors: Vellone Valentino , De Tomaso Silvia , Marianetti Tito M. , Sabelli Vittorio , Ramieri Valerio 
Published: August 2022

Background:
Submental intubation is an intubation technique used for the management of airways in patients who suffered from complex maxillofacial trauma. Few studies focused on the role of submental intubation during Full-Face Makeover, like orthognathic surgery, facial prothesis, and rhinoplasty.

Methods:
Authors describe a case series of 5 patients who underwent to Full-Face Makeover with submental intubation to manage the airways. The authors started with the Le Fort I subspinal osteotomy. The maxillary repositioning was guided through a 3D printed intermediate splint in all cases (previously simulated with Dolphin software).
Subsequentially, the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy was performed. The mandibular repositioning was guided through a 3D printed final splint. The genioplasty was performed with a horizontal osteotomy after a labial mucosa incision. After the genioplasty, the authors used the incision previously used for the Le Fort I osteotomy to bluntly dissect the tissues in order to insert a custom-made polyether ether ketone zygomatic prosthesis. Lastly, an open rhinoplasty was performed.

Results:
All the surgery lasted a mean less 6 hours. The submental intubation was removed in the operating room, at the end of the surgery. The patients were then discharged from the hospital 2 days after the surgery in all cases.

Conclusions:
Submental intubation is a valid method for the airway management in maxillofacial trauma and can be extended in case of Full-Face Makeover like orthognathic surgery combined with rhinoplasty. The absence of nasal traumatism during surgery leads to a more accurate rhinoplasty, with a greater satisfaction for the patient.
Improved Organ Utilization and Better Transplant Outcomes With In Situ Normothermic Regional Perfusion in Controlled Donation After Circulatory Death
Authors: Oniscu Gabriel C. , Mehew Jennifer , Butler Andrew J. , Sutherland Andrew , Gaurav Rohit , Hogg Rachel , Currie Ian , Jones Mark , Watson Christopher J.E. 
Published: August 2022

Background
. We evaluated whether the use of normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) was associated with increased organ recovery and improved transplant outcomes from controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD).

Methods
. This is a retrospective analysis of UK adult cDCD donors‚ where at least 1 abdominal organ was accepted for transplantation between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019.

Results
. A mean of 3.3 organs was transplanted when NRP was used compared with 2.6 organs per donor when NRP was not used. When adjusting for organ-specific donor risk profiles, the use of NRP increased the odds of all abdominal organs being transplanted by 3-fold for liver (P < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.20-4.29), 1.5-fold for kidney (P = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.87-2.58), and 1.6-fold for pancreas (P = 0.0611; 95% CI, 0.98-2.64). Twelve-mo liver transplant survival was superior for recipients of a cDCD NRP graft with a 51% lower risk-adjusted hazard of transplant failure (HR = 0.494). In risk-adjusted analyses, NRP kidneys had a 35% lower chance of developing delayed graft function than non-NRP kidneys (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.465-0.901)‚ and the expected 12-mo estimated glomerular filtration rate was 6.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 better if abdominal NRP was used (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
. The use of NRP during DCD organ recovery leads to increased organ utilization and improved transplant outcomes compared with conventional organ recovery.
LENZILUMAB OUTCOMES ACCORDING TO RACE OF COVID-19 PARTICIPANTS IN THE LIVE-AIR PHASE 3 TRIAL
Authors: Marconi Vincent C. , Kilcoyne Adrian , Cerasoli Franklin , Polk Christopher , Lewis Meghan , Burger Charles D. , Jordan Edward , Durrant Cameron , Chappell Dale , Temesgen Zelalem 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTRATIONALEThe hyperinflammatory immune response of COVID-19, in part orchestrated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can lead to respiratory failure and death with disparities in outcomes between racial subgroups. In the LIVE-AIR trial, the GM-CSF neutralizing antibody lenzilumab improved survival without mechanical ventilation (SWOV) in COVID-19.OBJECTIVEAn analysis of outcomes was performed to determine differences between Black/African American (B/AA) and White participants in LIVE-AIR.METHODSLIVE-AIR was a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia were randomized 1:1 to receive lenzilumab (1800 mg total) or placebo in addition to standard of care, including remdesivir and/or corticosteroids.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTSLenzilumab, compared to placebo, numerically improved the likelihood of SWOV (primary endpoint) in B/AA (n=71; 86.8% vs 70.9%; HR, 2.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-8.11; p=0.0814) and White (n=343; 85.1% vs 80.8%; HR, 1.41; 95%CI, 0.85-2.35, p=0.182) participants. A statistically significant improvement in SWOV was observed in B/AA (HR: 8.9; 95%CI: 1.08, 73.09; p=0.0418) and White (HR: 2.32; 95%CI: 1.17, 4.61; p=0.0166) participants with baseline CRP<150 mg/L. Lenzilumab numerically, but not statistically, improved secondary endpoints of IMV, ECMO or mortality; ventilator-free days; ICU days and time to recovery in either race while ventilator-free days, ICU days, and time to recovery were statistically improved in B/AA participants with baseline CRP<150 mg/L. Lenzilumab was well tolerated without differences in serious adverse events regardless of race.CONCLUSIONLenzilumab significantly improved SWOV and some key secondary outcomes in B/AA COVID-19 participants with baseline CRP<150 mg/L. NCT04351152
Approaches to defining health facility catchment areas in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Macharia Peter M , Odhiambo Julius N , Mumo Eda , Maina Alex , Giorgi Emanuele , Okiro Emelda A 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe geographical area around a health facility characterizing the population that utilizes some or all of its services – a health facility catchment area (HFCA)-, forms the fundamental basis of estimating reliable population denominator for disease mapping and routine healthcare planning. Consequently, the approaches used to delineate the catchment area have a direct impact on the health of a population. To date, there is no systematic literature review documenting different approaches that have been used to define HFCAs while elucidating the implications on derived population denominators. To fill this gap, we systematically reviewed literature and documented approaches that have been used to define HFCA in sub–Saharan Africa (SSA). Simple to complex approaches have been used to define catchment areas in SSA with varying degrees of complexity and limitations in the last four decades. These approaches are mainly driven by lack of geocoded data on the residential address of care seekers and their care-seeking behaviour. To generate closer-to-reality HFCA, for robust disease mapping and healthcare planning, additional data and innovative approaches balancing between model complexity and routine programmatic use are required.
Current progress in understanding Schizophrenia using genomics and pluripotent stem cells: A Meta-analytical overview
Authors: Choudhary Ashwani , Nayak Ritu , Peles David , Mizrahi Liron , Stern Shani 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a highly heritable, polygenic neuropsychiatric disease, which disables the patients as well as decreases their life expectancy and quality of life. Common and Rare variants studies on SCZ subjects have provided more than 100 genomic loci that hold importance in the context of SCZ pathophysiology. Transcriptomic studies from clinical samples have informed about the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and non-coding RNAs in SCZ patients. Despite these advancements, no causative genes for SCZ were found and hence SCZ is difficult to recapitulate in animal models. In the last decade, induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)-based models have helped in understanding the neural phenotypes of SCZ by studying patient iPSC-derived 2D neuronal cultures and 3D brain organoids. Here, we have aimed to provide a simplistic overview of the current progress and advancements after synthesizing the enormous literature on SCZ genetics and SCZ iPSC-based models. Although further understanding of SCZ genetics and mechanisms using these technological advancements is required, the recent approaches have allowed to delineate important cellular mechanisms and biological pathways affected in SCZ.
Pharmacokinetics of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir in COVID-19 patients with end stage renal disease on intermittent haemodialysis
Authors: Lingscheid Tilman , Kinzig Martina , Krüger Anne , Müller Nils , Bölke Georg , Tober-Lau Pinkus , Münn Friederike , Kriedemann Helene , Witzenrath Martin , Sander Leif E. , Sörgel Fritz , Kurth Florian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundNirmatrelvir/ritonavir is an effective therapy against SARS-CoV-2. Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at high risk for severe COVID-19 and show impaired vaccine responses underlining the importance of antiviral therapy. However, use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is not recommended in these patients due to lack of clinical and pharmacokinetic data.ObjectiveTo investigate pharmacokinetics and hepatic tolerance of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in patients with ESRD and haemodialysis (HD).Patients and methodsFour patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection received nirmatrelvir/ritonavir 150/100mg twice daily as recommended for renal impairment; HD ran in two- to three-day intervals. Plasma and serum samples were drawn before and after each HD during the 5-day treatment and for ensuing 3-5 days.ResultsMedian peak levels of nirmatrelvir obtained two hours after medication pre-HD in three patients were 7745ng/mL on day 3 and 6653ng/mL on day 5; median post-HD levels (C6h) declined to 5765ng/mL (74%) and 5521ng/mL (83%), on days 3 and 5 of treatment, respectively. Three days after end of treatment, median levels were 365ng/mL pre-HD and 30ng/mL post-HD. Measurements of the fourth patient, six hours after drug intake pre-HD showed nirmatrelvir-levels of 3704ng/mL on treatment day 3 which fell to 2308ng/mL post-HD, at one hour before intake of the next dose (Cmin).ConclusionUse of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in patients with ESRD results in high nirmatrelvir blood concentrations, which are still within the range known from patients without renal failure. No accumulation of nirmatrelvir took place and levels declined to zero within few days after end of treatment.