bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does prednisone use in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis induce insulin resistance in the offspring?
Authors: de Steenwinkel Florentien D. O. , Dolhain Radboud J. E. M. , Hazes Johanna M. W. , Hokken-Koelega Anita C. S. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Objectives

The use of long-term corticosteroids during pregnancy has been growing over the past decades. Corticosteroids can be given when an auto-inflammatory disease like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is too active. Several studies have shown that long-term corticosteroids use in pregnancy is associated with maternal and fetal adverse outcomes, like preeclampsia, shorter gestational age, lower birth weight, and rapid catch-up growth. These last two outcomes could influence the insulin resistance later in life. Our objective was to investigate whether prednisone use in pregnant women with RA induces insulin resistance in offspring.

Methods
One hundred three children were included after their mother had participated in a prospective cohort study on RA and pregnancy. Forty-two children were in utero exposed to prednisone and 61 were non-exposed. To assess insulin resistance, we measured homeostasis model of assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and serum adiponectin and lipid levels, corrected for body fat distribution.

Results
An average of 6 mg prednisone on a daily use gave no difference in mean HOMA-IR (SD) between the children who were prednisone-exposed in utero (1.10 (0.84)) and those non-exposed (1.09 (0.49)). No difference was found in mean adiponectin level, body fat distribution, or lipid levels such as total cholesterol, fasting triglyceride, or high-density lipoprotein.

Conclusion
Children who are prednisone-exposed in utero (low dose) have no increased risk for insulin resistance at the age of approximately 7 years. These findings are reassuring because the prednisone use during pregnancy is increasing worldwide. Further research has to be performed to evaluate if the insulin resistance remains absent in the future.

Key Points• What is already known on this topic—long-term corticosteroids use in pregnancy is associated with fetal adverse outcomes, like lower birth weight and rapid catch-up growth which can influence the insulin resistance later in life.• What this study adds—long-term corticosteroids use in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis has no increased risk for insulin resistance in the offspring.• How this study might affect research, practice, or policy—findings are reassuring because prednisone use during pregnancy is increasing worldwide. Further research should evaluate if the insulin resistance remains absent in the future.
Cooperation between artificial intelligence and endoscopists for diagnosing invasion depth of early gastric cancer
Authors: Goto Atsushi , Kubota Naoto , Nishikawa Jun , Ogawa Ryo , Hamabe Koichi , Hashimoto Shinichi , Ogihara Hiroyuki , Hamamoto Yoshihiko , Yanai Hideo , Miura Osamu , Takami Taro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background and study aims
The diagnostic ability of endoscopists to determine invasion depth of early gastric cancer is not favorable. We designed an artificial intelligence (AI) classifier for differentiating intramucosal and submucosal gastric cancers and examined it to establish a diagnostic method based on cooperation between AI and endoscopists.

Patients and methods
We prepared 500 training images using cases of mainly depressed-type early gastric cancer from 250 intramucosal cancers and 250 submucosal cancers. We also prepared 200 test images each of 100 cancers from another institution. We designed an AI classifier to differentiate between intramucosal and submucosal cancers by deep learning. We examined the performance of the AI classifier and the majority vote of the endoscopists as high confidence and low confidence diagnostic probability, respectively, and cooperatively combined them to establish a diagnostic method providing high accuracy.

Results
Internal evaluation of the training images showed that accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 measure by the AI classifier were 77%, 76%, 78%, and 0.768, and those of the majority vote of the endoscopists were 72.6%, 53.6%, 91.6%, and 0.662, respectively. A diagnostic method based on cooperation between AI and the endoscopists showed that the respective values were 78.0%, 76.0%, 80.0%, and 0.776 for the test images. The value of F1 measure was especially higher than those by AI or the endoscopists alone.

Conclusions
Cooperation between AI and endoscopists improved the diagnostic ability to determine invasion depth of early gastric cancer.
Validation of a practice-oriented floor spectra formulation through actual data from the 2016/2017 Central Italy earthquake
Authors: Degli Abbati Stefania , Cattari Serena , Lagomarsino Sergio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAnalytical expressions for the floor spectra evaluation play a key role in the correct definition of the seismic input induced to non-structural elements or local mechanisms in existing buildings. They have to be able properly assessing the possible amplification phenomena, but also correctly describing the effects of nonlinearities due to structural damage. Due to the complexity of such phenomena, data on existing structures hit by earthquakes constitute a precious source for a better understanding of the topic and the validation of analytical expressions. In this framework, the paper aim is twofold. On one hand, it evaluates the entity of seismic amplification through experimental evidences fromin-situmeasurements on two existing monitored unreinforced structures. On the other hand, it presents the application on them of an analytical expression for the floor spectra already developed by the Authors. The case-studies are the former courthouse of Fabriano (Ancona, Italy) and the Pizzoli’s town hall (L’Aquila, Italy). They were both hit by the 2016/2017 earthquake in Central Italy and are permanently monitored by the Italian seismic monitoring system of the Italian Department of Civil Protection. With the aim of validating the above-mentioned expression, the paper shows the comparison between experimental and analytical floor spectra for various minor events and mainshocks of the Central Italy earthquake. Since the two case-studies exhibited different damage levels (from slight to moderate, respectively), the comparison allowed us to verify the reliability of the expression both in the pseudo-elastic and moderate nonlinear fields.
Invasion patterns and niche comparison of the butterfly Cacyreus marshalli among native and non-native range
Authors: Martelli Francesca , Paradiso Federica , Ghidotti Silvia , Viterbi Ramona , Cerrato Cristiana , Bonelli Simona 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlien species introduction is a global phenomenon involving different invasion patterns and is characterized by niche conservatism or shift. We describe the spatial distribution ofCacyreus marshalliButler, [1898] (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in its native (southern Africa) and invaded (Europe) ranges.C. marshalliis the only alien butterfly in Europe, introduced by the trade of ornamentalPelargoniumplants, and might threaten native lycaenids because of the chance of its naturalization on indigenousGeraniumspp. In Europe,C. marshalliis widespread in the Mediterranean basin, but absent in northern countries. We investigate invasion patterns and their temporal dynamics in Italy, the most extensively invaded country, identifying three phases and different rates of spread resulting from multiple introductions and human-mediated movements. We also characterize and compare the native and invasive ecological niches ofC. marshalliwith a multivariate approach based on bioclimatic, ecological and human demographic variables. The little overlap between the native and invaded niches (12.6%) indicates a shift in the realized niche ofC. marshalli. While the expansion potential ofC. marshalliin Europe remains constrained by the distribution of suitable host plants, our niche comparison analysis suggests the species has already invaded new ecological and climatic spaces. This includes colder areas than would be suggested by its native distribution in Africa.
Role of the Tibetan plateau glaciers in the Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Goswami Bidyut Bikash , An Soon-Il , Murtugudde Raghu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe Tibetan plateau (TP) plays an important role in the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) dynamics as a heat source during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. A significant contribution to the pre-monsoon TP heating comes from the sensible heat flux (SHF), which depend on the surface properties. A glaciated surface would have a different SHF compared to a non-glaciated surface. Therefore, the TP glaciers potentially can also impact the hydrological cycle in the Asian continent by impacting the ASM rainfall via its contribution to the total plateau heating. However, there is no assessment of this putative link available. Here, we attempt to qualitatively study the role of TP glaciers on ASM by analyzing the sensitivity of an atmospheric model to the absence of TP glaciers. We find that the absence of the glaciers is most felt in climatologically less snowy regions (which are mostly located at the south-central boundary of the TP during the pre-monsoon season), which leads to positive SHF anomalies. The resulting positive diabatic heating leads to rising air in the eastern TP and sinking air in the western TP. This altered circulation in turn leads to a positive SHF memory in the western TP, which persists until the end of the monsoon season. The impact of SHF anomalies on diabatic heating results in a large-scale subsidence over the ASM domain. The net result is a reduced seasonal ASM rainfall. Given the relentless warming and the vulnerability of glaciers to warming, this is another flag in the ASM variability and change that needs further attention.
Modeling the impact of intrinsic coding interest on STEM career interest: evidence from senior high school students in two large Chinese cities
Authors: Jiang Haozhe , Chugh Ritesh , Turnbull Darren , Wang Xiaoqin , Chen Suting 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe problem motivating this study is the urgent need to explore the antecedents of STEM career interest and the growing importance of coding in STEM careers, coupled with the unclear relationship between intrinsic coding interest and STEM career interest. To narrow the research gap, this study explores the direct and indirect effects of intrinsic coding interest on STEM career interest. As a quantitative cross-sectional survey research, 669 students from three senior high schools in two large Chinese cities were investigated. Applying a structural equation modeling approach, the research instrument was validated and the research hypotheses were tested. The findings articulate the direct influence of intrinsic coding interest, coding self-efficacy and perceptions of coders on STEM career interest, and detect the mediating roles of coding self-efficacy and perceptions of coders between intrinsic coding interest and STEM career interest. This study affirms a new theoretical model with strong predictive power, accounting for 64% of the variance in STEM career interest. This study contributes theoretically and practically to the limited literature on coding-related antecedents of STEM career interest.
Characterizing spatiotemporal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Taihu Lake, China
Authors: Li Aili , der Beek Tim aus , Zhang Jin , Schmid Cora , Schüth Christoph 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, we analyzed the concentration distributions of 20 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 41 water samples which were collected from the northern part of Taihu Lake during 4 field campaigns (201511, 201606, 201702 and 201709). The concentrations were determined with GC–MS, and their spatial and seasonal distribution characteristics were interpreted. The results show that 2-ring PAHs present considerably higher concentrations in warm seasons than cold seasons, but the concentrations of the other higher-ring PAHs are rather stable in warm and cold seasons. The distribution patterns of these PAHs might be mainly attributed to ambient temperature effects on the PAH solubility in the water body. Meanwhile, the spatial distributions of the PAH concentrations in cold seasons were rather various in the sampling area, while the distributions in the warm seasons were homogeneous. The different distributions could result from the water recharge from the Yangtze River during cold seasons, which diluted PAH concentrations in the northeastern part of the lake. Furthermore, via literature review on PAH concentrations in water body, PAHs are in a wide range of levels and their patterns are different among the studies, which should be more effected by local factors instead of general PAH properties. The results from this study also present special characteristics of PAHs in Taihu Lake, which exhibit more insight on PAHs existence in water bodies.
Movers and Stayers: A Study of Emigration from Sweden 1993–2014
Authors: Birgier Debora Pricila , Lundh Christer , Haberfeld Yitchak , Elldér Erik 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA standard proposition in the migration literature is that emigrants are not drawn randomly from their source population, but rather compose a self-selected group in terms of labour market characteristics. Such self-selection refers to observed characteristics, such as education, or occupation, as well as unobserved characteristics such as cognitive abilities. However, due to data limitations, most previous studies on selectivity have analysed immigrants’ characteristics at destinations rather than using data from their source countries. This paper assesses emigrants’ selectivity patterns by following the full-risk population of natives over a long period of time (over 20 years). It also includes an innovative measure of selectivity on unobserved characteristics—namely, school performance—as a proxy for individual motivation and cognitive abilities, and it compares it to the widely used measure of income residuals. We use Swedish register data and assess the probabilities of leaving Sweden between 1993 and 2014 among men and women born in Sweden between 1975 and 1978. We further look for differences among Swedish emigrants who chose different countries of destination. The findings suggest that emigrants are positively self-selected in terms of their observed characteristics, whereas selectivity patterns in terms of unobserved characteristics are more complex. When we assess unobservable characteristics using compulsory school grades as a proxy, emigrants are found to be positively self-selected, while when using income residuals, we find that the effect is U-shaped. Individuals leaving to non-Nordic countries are also found to be more positively self-selected than those heading to neighbouring countries. We discuss these findings and their implications in light of economic and sociological theories.
#WedontWantDistanceEducation: a thematic analysis of higher education students’ social media posts about online education during Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Dindar Muhterem , Çelik Ismail , Muukkonen Hanni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe current study is based on thematic analysis of 21,722 tweets posted under the #wedontwantdistanceeducation hashtag within a month after the start of online distance education in Turkish universities due to Covid-19 pandemic. Our findings have revealed that Turkish higher education students have faced multiple challenges in accessing and benefiting from online education due to the swift transformation from face-to-face to online format. These challenges included universities’ poor technical infrastructure, pedagogical and assessment issues, digital inequality in accessing online education, and general negative attitude towards online education. Further, students have expressed issues about financial, health, and social consequences of online education during Covid-19 pandemic. With regards to such challenges and issues, higher education students have criticized government authorities for ignoring their views when making decisions about how online learning is organized during Covid-19 pandemic. Further, students have offered some alternative solutions (e.g. summer courses) to online education.
The Ornaments of the Arma Veirana Early Mesolithic Infant Burial
Authors: Gravel-Miguel C. , Cristiani E. , Hodgkins J. , Orr C. M. , Strait D. S. , Peresani M. , Benazzi S. , Pothier-Bouchard G. , Keller H. M. , Meyer D. , Drohobytsky D. , Talamo S. , Panetta D. , Zupancich A. , Miller C. E. , Negrino F. , Riel-Salvatore J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPersonal ornaments are widely viewed as indicators of social identity and personhood. Ornaments are ubiquitous from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene, but they are most often found as isolated objects within archaeological assemblages without direct evidence on how they were displayed. This article presents a detailed record of the ornaments found in direct association with an Early Mesolithic buried female infant discovered in 2017 at the site of Arma Veirana (Liguria, Italy). It uses microscopic, 3D, and positional analyses of the ornaments as well as a preliminary perforation experiment to document how they were perforated, used, and what led to their deposit as part of the infant’s grave goods. This study provides important information on the use of beads in the Early Mesolithic, in general, as well as the relationship between beads and young subadults, in particular. The results of the study suggest that the beads were worn by members of the infant’s community for a considerable period before they were sewn onto a sling, possibly used to keep the infant close to the parents while allowing their mobility, as seen in some modern forager groups. The baby was then likely buried in this sling to avoid reusing the beads that had failed to protect her or simply to create a lasting connection between the deceased infant and her community.
An approximation algorithm for a general class of multi-parametric optimization problems
Authors: Helfrich Stephan , Herzel Arne , Ruzika Stefan , Thielen Clemens 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn a widely-studied class of multi-parametric optimization problems, the objective value of each solution is an affine function of real-valued parameters. Then, the goal is to provide an optimal solution set, i.e., a set containing an optimal solution for each non-parametric problem obtained by fixing a parameter vector. For many multi-parametric optimization problems, however, an optimal solution set of minimum cardinality can contain super-polynomially many solutions. Consequently, no polynomial-time exact algorithms can exist for these problems even if$$\textsf {P}=\textsf {NP}$$P=NP. We propose an approximation method that is applicable to a general class of multi-parametric optimization problems and outputs a set of solutions with cardinality polynomial in the instance size and the inverse of the approximation guarantee. This method lifts approximation algorithms for non-parametric optimization problems to their parametric version and provides an approximation guarantee that is arbitrarily close to the approximation guarantee of the approximation algorithm for the non-parametric problem. If the non-parametric problem can be solved exactly in polynomial time or if an FPTAS is available, our algorithm is an FPTAS. Further, we show that, for any given approximation guarantee, the minimum cardinality of an approximation set is, in general, not$$\ell $$ℓ-approximable for any natural number $$\ell $$ℓless or equal to the number of parameters, and we discuss applications of our results to classical multi-parametric combinatorial optimizations problems. In particular, we obtain an FPTAS for the multi-parametric minimums-t-cut problem, an FPTAS for the multi-parametric knapsack problem, as well as an approximation algorithm for the multi-parametric maximization of independence systems problem.
The Role of Contextual Information in Classifying Spontaneous Social Laughter
Authors: Rychlowska Magdalena , McKeown Gary J. , Sneddon Ian , Curran William 
Published: August 2022

AbstractLaughter is a ubiquitous and important social signal, but its nature is yet to be fully explored. One of the open empirical questions is about the role of context in the interpretation of laughter. Can laughs presented on their own convey specific feelings and social motives? How influential is social context when a person tries to understand the meaning of a laugh? Here we test the extent to which the classification of laughs produced in different situations is guided by knowing the context within which these laughs were produced. In the current study, stimuli were spontaneous laughs recorded in social situations engineered to elicit amusement, embarrassment, and schadenfreude. In a between-subjects design, participants classified these laughs being assigned to one of the four experimental conditions: audio only, audio-visual, side-by-side videos of two interactants, and side-by-side videos accompanied by a brief vignette. Participants’ task was to label each laugh as an instance of amusement, embarrassment, or schadenfreude laugh, or “other.” Laughs produced in situations inducing embarrassment were classified more accurately than laughs produced in other situations. Most importantly, eliminating information about the social settings in which laughs were produced decreased participants’ classification accuracy such that accuracy was no better than chance in the experimental conditions providing minimal contextual information. Our findings demonstrate the importance of context in the interpretation of laughter and highlight the complexity of experimental investigations of schadenfreude displays.
Sloshing dynamics estimation for liquid-filled containers performing 3-dimensional motions: modeling and experimental validation
Authors: Di Leva Roberto , Carricato Marco , Gattringer Hubert , Müller Andreas 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMany industrial applications require the displacement of liquid-filled containers on planar paths (namely, paths on a horizontal plane), by means of linear transport systems or serial robots. The movement of the liquid inside the container, known as sloshing, is usually undesired, thus there is the necessity to keep under control the peaks that the liquid free-surface exhibits during motion. This paper aims at validating a model for estimating the liquid sloshing height, taking into account 2-dimensional motions of a cylindrical container occurring on a horizontal plane, with accelerations up to 9.5 m/s2. This model can be exploited for assessment or optimization purposes. Experiments performed with a robot following three paths, each one of them with different motion profiles, are described. Comparisons between experimental results and model predictions are provided and discussed.Finally, the previous formulation is extended in order to take into account the addition of a vertical acceleration, up to 5 m/s2. The resulting 3-dimensional motions are experimentally validated to prove the effectiveness of the extended technique.