bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change knowledge influences attitude to mitigation via efficacy beliefs
Authors: Hurst Loo Aliza M. , Walker Benjamin R. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTheories proposing climate change apathy is explained by inadequate knowledge do not account for why many informed and concerned Americans fail to act. While correlations between knowledge, efficacy for climate change, and attitude to mitigation have been observed, few studies have examined efficacy for climate change as a mediator. This study aimed to investigate the influence of specific climate change knowledge on attitude to mitigation via efficacy beliefs. A cross‐sectional survey of 205 US adults recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk assessed participants’ climate change knowledge, efficacy for climate change, and attitude to mitigation. Indirect effects of self‐efficacy for climate change were observed in three mediation models, suggesting efficacy for climate change explains some of the relationship between specific climate change knowledge and attitude to mitigation. The findings suggest risk communication can motivate pro‐environmental attitudes with interventions that deliver information about climate change and develop efficacy for mitigation behavior.
The dynamic nature of risk in DOE facilities in the surveillance and maintenance program–with observations for risk communications
Authors: Harkema Megan E. , Krahn Steven L. , Mayer Henry J. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe explore three case studies of facilities at two US Department of Energy (DOE) former nuclear weapons research and production sites—the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Hanford site—whose risk profiles have changed during their long‐term management under the DOE's surveillance and maintenance (S&M) program. These case studies provide examples of the challenges faced in communicating to external stakeholders, such as federal and state regulators, local communities surrounding the site, as well as the general public, the circumstances surrounding unexpected events or the emergence/discovery of new risk‐important information at historically high‐risk sites. We identify common topics of importance from these case studies and suggest a taxonomy for risk communicators to use in informing the dialogues with individuals and organizations that may not be technically oriented or fully informed on the subject matter. The taxonomy is based on technical insights from the quintessential definition of risk known as the Kaplan–Garrick “risk triplet” as well as insights from regulatory guidance documents on risk communication with external stakeholders originally developed for the commercial nuclear power industry.
Strategic communication as planned behavior for science and risk communication: A theory‐based approach to studying communicator choice
Authors: Besley John C. , Dudo Anthony 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis essay argues that we should treat science and risk communicators’ choices about tactics, objectives, and goals as behaviors to advance both research and practice. Doing so allows for a discussion about how to use theories about behavior change and trust‐building to help foster more strategic communication choices. The essay also seeks to anticipate and respond to potential arguments against using behavior change theories to encourage more strategic communication choices. We argue that it is possible to use behavior change tactics ethically if those tactics are aimed at increasing the likelihood that all participants in communication—including decisions makers like risk scientists—meaningfully engage with true, relevant information. Under the right conditions, such engagement is what should allow for the development of new knowledge, as well as a range of evidence‐based evaluative beliefs, feelings, and frames. Being strategic when making choices about communication should also help with identifying situations in which justice, equity, diversity, or inclusion issues require additional attention. The essay concludes by noting that the difficulty of efficient and effective science and risk communication may require increased emphasis on getting experts such as scientists to collaborate with expert communication advisors. It may also be necessary to increase the capacity of science‐ and risk‐focused communication practitioners.
Contradictory effects of technological change across developed countries
Authors: Blien Uwe , Ludewig Oliver , Rossen Anja 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWill productivity gains lead to technological unemployment in a region or to new prosperity? In our article, we formally show that under general assumptions the price elasticity of demand on product markets is decisive: technological change leads to employment growth if product demand is elastic and it leads to employment decline if product demand is inelastic. In our empirical analysis, we use industry‐level time series data on output, prices, employment, wages, and national income for nine countries (including Germany, UK, USA) to estimate aggregate Marshallian product demand functions based on IV regressions and state space models with time‐varying coefficients. The resulting income and price elasticities are used as inputs in a second step in which we estimate the employment effects of productivity changes as interactions with the elasticities. The results correspond to theoretical expectations: demand is generally inelastic and the employment effect of technological progress is therefore moderately negative.
Assessing the Structural Integrity of Plasma-Sprayed Multilayer Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Adam Marcel , Kontermann Christian , Oechsner Matthias 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The majority of lifetime models associate the failure of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to oxidation of the bond coat (BC). A thickening of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) leads to a conversion of stresses at the undulated ceramic-metal interface, supporting the propagation of existing microcracks. However, in plasma-sprayed multilayer TBCs consisting of gadolinium zirconate (GZO) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) a shift of the failure site from the ceramic-metal interface to the GZO-YSZ interface has been observed. Thus, an exclusively oxide-based formulation is not sufficient to describe the damage transition phenomena. Therefore, this paper outlines a mechanism-based approach for assessing the structural integrity, considering all relevant thermally activated processes as well as the interaction between thermal and elastic misfits. Oxidation of BC, creep of composite materials and sintering of ceramics are modeled in terms of temperature and exposure time. Finite element analysis of GZO-YSZ pairings with different microstructures reveal a strong influence of the initial porosities on the sintering behavior and thus on the resulting mechanical stresses and potential crack driving forces at the bimaterial interfaces.
Phenomenology at the large hadron collider with deep learning: the case of vector-like quarks decaying to light jets
Authors: Freitas Felipe F. , Gonçalves João , Morais António P. , Pasechnik Roman 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, we continue our exploration of TeV-scale vector-like fermion signatures inspired by a Grand Unification scenario based on the trinification gauge group. A particular focus is given to pair-production topologies of vector-like quarks (VLQs) at the LHC, in a multi-jet plus a charged lepton and a missing energy signature. We employ Deep Learning methods and techniques based in evolutive algorithms that optimize hyper-parameters in the neural network construction, whose objective is to maximise the Asimov estimate for distinct VLQ masses. In this article, we consider the implications of an innovative approach by simultaneously combining detector images (also known as jet images) and tabular data containing kinematic information from the final states. With this technique we are able to exclude VLQs, that are specific for the considered model, up to a mass of 800 GeV in both the high-luminosity the Run-III phases of the LHC programme.
O (novo) marco civil da telemedicina: a construção de um ambiente regulatório saudável para as novas práticas telemédicas
Authors: Garcia Marco Aurélio Fernandes , Costa José Augusto Fontoura 
Published: September 2022

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal fornecer subsídios para a regulamentação da telemedicina no Brasil. Com o advento da pandemia de covid-19, instrumentos normativos foram elaborados às pressas para regular a oferta de atenção médica a distância, com o uso de tecnologias da informação sincrônicas. Contudo, tanto a Lei da Telemedicina quanto a resolução do Conselho Federal de Medicina n. 2.227/2018 que a seguiu, autorizando o uso da telemedicina, foram omissas em relação às balizas e aos parâmetros que a oferta de serviços telemédicos deveriam seguir. Embora não seja propriamente um fenômeno novo no Brasil, a telemedicina historicamente se deu em um ambiente de forte insegurança jurídica. Esse cenário é deletério tanto para as empresas, que deixam de se capacitar para prestar serviços telemédicos, como para os pacientes, que se veem obrigados a desfrutar desses serviços em um ambiente pouco regulado e potencialmente lesivo. Com base nisso, este artigo elencou pontos sensíveis que merecem atenção do legislador e das partes interessadas para que haja regulamentação da telemedicina, incluindo temas como a relação telemédico-paciente, responsabilidade telemédica e das plataformas, prontuário telemédico eletrônico, entre outros. Essa regulamentação pode proporcionar mais segurança jurídica e clareza regulatória,apontando para a construção de um ambiente regulatório saudável para as novas práticas telemédicas.
The West African Illegal Migrant Experience in Transit and across the Mediterranean Sea, 2015–2020
Authors: Preko Alexander 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
International migration is regarded as one of the major challenges facing regions, nations and continents around the globe. This study aims to describe the lived experiences of undocumented West African migrants (WAM) along their journey to Europe, transiting through North African countries and crossing the Mediterranean Sea by boat. The study adopts a phenomenological research approach, using Google News articles and interviews as the data sources to explore undocumented migrant experiences, and thematic analysis. The results show that the journey is contextualised by perspectives of extortion, slavery and life-threatening incidents. Furthermore, the findings reveal experiences of torture, abuse and violence in the form of beatings, burning, gang-rape, forced labour and imprisonment. The article provides the first insight into the lived experiences of WAM on the Mediterranean routes in context. It will be valuable to migration authorities, academics and practitioners in enhancing policy formulation and implementation.
Secondary Use of Personal Health Data: When Is It “Further Processing” Under the GDPR, and What Are the Implications for Data Controllers?
Authors: Becker Regina , Chokoshvili Davit , Comandé Giovanni , Dove Edward S. , Hall Alison , Mitchell Colin , Molnár-Gábor Fruzsina , Nicolàs Pilar , Tervo Sini , Thorogood Adrian 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Contemporary biomedical research heavily relies on secondary use of personal health data that were obtained in a different clinical or research setting. Under the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), data controllers processing personal data must comply with the principle of purpose limitation, which restricts further processing of personal data beyond the purpose for which the data were initially collected. However, “further processing” is not explicitly defined, resulting in considerable interpretive ambiguities as to whether “secondary use” of data by researchers constitutes “further processing” under the GDPR. This ambiguity is problematic as it exposes researchers to potential non-compliance risks. In this article, we analyse the term “further processing” within the meaning of the GDPR, elucidate important aspects in which it differs from “secondary use”, and discuss the implications for data controllers’ GDPR compliance obligations. Subsequently, we contextualise this analysis within a broader discussion of regulating scientific research under the GDPR.
Longitudinal transmittance of visible and near-infrared light in the wood of 21 conifer species
Authors: Abe Hisashi , Kurata Yohei , Watanabe Ken , Kitin Peter , Kojima Miho , Yazaki Kenichi 
Published: September 2022

Summary
Light transmittance and reflectance were measured in 21 conifer species using a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere and light within a wavelength range of 500–1200 nm, to clarify the variety of longitudinal light transmitting properties among wood species. Transmittance values varied not only among different species but also between the sapwood and heartwood within certain species. Transmittance intensity increased from about 600–700 nm and showed peaks or shoulders in the ranges of 870–900 nm and 930–950 nm, and at around 1100 nm in all samples. The spectra tended to show similar patterns for 2 species within the same genus (Chamaecyparis, Abies, Picea, Pinus, Pseudotsuga and Tsuga).
Light transmittance differed between the sapwood and the heartwood in several species, and, patterns of the difference differed among the different genera.
Peaks at around 1100 nm were observed in both the sapwood and heartwood of all samples. Maximum conductivities of light at these peaks were relatively lower in wood species with helical thickenings (genera Pseudotsuga, Torreya and Taxus). Based on these results, it can be seen that the anatomical characteristics of wood influence the transmittance of light. The density of wood and secondary metabolites occurring in heartwood are also thought to influence the transmittance of light.
Politics in the Roman Republic: Perspectives from Niebuhr to Gelzer
Authors: Barber Cary M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This work provides historiographical surveys of four transformative historians: Barthold Niebuhr, Theodor Mommsen, Friedrich Münzer, and Matthias Gelzer. Close analysis of each author reveals their innovations – methodological, narrative, and philosophical – to be foundational to modern historical praxis, particularly within studies of the Roman Republic: these maestri rendered political history susceptible to ‘scientific’ inquiry, systematized available evidence, and crafted frameworks for reimagining premodernity. Likewise, their interventions on Republican political culture still define the discipline. Much, in other words, is owed to their efforts. Yet, the field has forgotten these scholars. Engagement, where it exists, consists of perfunctory review and repudiation. In response, this work advocates an alternative historiography balancing critical retrospection with pragmatic revitalization. Our four scholars are reevaluated. Standard critiques are refuted, and emphasis is placed on their texts’ utility: as exemplars, untapped fonts, but also cautionary models, whose establishment of conventional historicism demands scrutiny. In agreement with voices from related fields, the book calls for (re)considerations of ‘ideology’ and an ‘ontological turn’ in Roman studies.
Management of Diverticulitis in Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: Batra Rishi , Rudnicki Yaron , Stapleton Sahael , Gan Tong , Mathis Kellie L. , Kelley Scott R. 
Published: September 2022

Background Renal transplant patients presenting with diverticulitis remain a clinical challenge for health care professionals. Secondary to immunosuppression, renal transplant recipients are often considered for early operative intervention due to concerns for an unreliable physical exam and feared morbidity and mortality associated with non-operative management. Methods This study aimed to evaluate trends in management of renal transplant patients with diverticulitis at a quaternary referral center. Results One hundred ninety-one renal transplant patients admitted to the hospital with diverticulitis were identified. Of this cohort, 71 (37%) underwent surgical resection, of which 20 (28%) were performed emergently. The overall 30-day operative mortality was 8% (6/71), of which there was a significant difference between emergent (25%, 5/20) and elective (2%, 1/51) groups ( P = .006). Patients who underwent elective surgery were more likely to receive a minimally invasive approach (51%) and were significantly more likely to undergo stoma reversal ( P = .006). Discussion Our study shows that not all renal transplants with diverticulitis will require operative intervention and many can be safely treated non-operatively. Elective resection and surgical management should be considered on an individual basis. Patients treated with elective resection were more likely to undergo a minimally invasive approach and restoration of intestinal continuity.
Long-term follow-up of autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for refractory lupus nephritis—a series study of 20 patients
Authors: Yang Liu , Ren Guisheng , Chen Wencui , Zhao Liang , Guo Jinzhou , Ge Yongchun , Zeng Caihong , Hu Weixin , Huang Xianghua , Zhang Haitao 
Published: September 2022

Background Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (ASCT) improves immunologic homeostasis in autoimmune diseases. ASCT-treated refractory lupus nephritis (LN) has been reported. Nevertheless, the long-term outcome of patients with refractory LN after ASCT remains unknown. This study reports the outcomes of 20 refractory lupus patients with 10-year of follow-up after receiving ASCT. Methods Twenty-two patients with LN refractory to immunosuppressive therapy were enrolled. Twenty patients were examined closely and two cases died within 100 days after ASCT. Hematopoietic cell mobilization with cyclophosphamide and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was followed by collection of CD34+ positively selected cells. The conditioning regimen consisted of intravenous cyclophosphamide, rabbit antithymocyte globulin, methylprednisolone, and G-CSF. All immunosuppressive therapies were discontinued at the start of mobilization and corticosteroids were tapered rapidly after ASCT. Results Data was collected from 22 patients with refractory LN treated by ASCT. 59% were female, duration of lupus before ASCT was 46 (33–71) months, and median duration of follow-up after ASCT was 89.5 (56–108) months. 20 long-term followed up patients had an average follow-up time of 92 months (63.25–109.5). Eighteen patients achieved complete remission, one patient reached partial remission, one patient without remission started peritoneal dialysis at month 12, and one patient received short-term renal replacement therapy before ASCT started hemodialysis at 84 months after transplantation. Nine patients relapsed 10 times during the follow-up, and three patients received rituximab. Two patients relapsed during pregnancy after complete response and the Apgar scores of infants were 9 and 10, respectively. All nine patients received glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive medication after relapse and responded again. The 10-year overall survival, 10-year disease-free survival rate, and 10-year renal survival were 100%, 35%, and 90%, respectively. The rate of relapse was 45%. Complications included hypocytosis, infection, B-type insulin resistance syndrome, and monoclonal immunoglobulinemia. Conclusion This study suggests ASCT is effective and safety in treating refractory LN and is beneficial to improve their long-term outcomes.
Closing-opening wedge osteotomy for the treatment of congenital kyphosis in children
Authors: Xu Hui-Fa , Li Chao , Ma Zhen-Sheng , Wu Zi-Xiang , Sha Jia , Diwu Wei-Long , Yan Ya-Bo , Liu Zhi-Chen , Fan Zong-Zhi , Huang Lu-Yu 
Published: September 2022

Background To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of posterior closed-open wedge osteotomy for treatment of congenital kyphosis in children. Methods Imaging and clinical data from January 2010 to December 2019 of posterior closed-open wedge osteotomy of congenital kyphosis with at least 2-year follow up was analyzed retrospectively. Perioperative indicators such as operation time, osteotomy site, osteotomy method and occurrence of complications, and imaging indicators were observed. The 3D printed models were used to measure the expanded distance of anterior edge vertebra and closed length of spinal canal line. The clinical effect was evaluated through SRS-22 questionnaires. Results There were 15 CK patients in this study. The osteotomy segments and details are as follows: 1 case each for T6-9 and L2, 2 cases at T11, 3 cases at T12, and 6 cases at L1. The average operation time was 314 min, the average blood loss was 970 mL, the average fusion range was 6.3 segments, and the average time of follow up was 70.5 months. The Cobb angle of local kyphosis was corrected from 65.6 ± 18.8° to 11.3 ± 7.1°( p < .001). The range of kyphosis correction was 40–90°, and average correction rate was 83.2% (67.7–95.7%). The correction was stable in follow-up, and the kyphotic angle was 11.0 ± 7.6 ( p = .68). The preoperative SVA was 31.5 ± 21.8 mm, and the postoperative recovery was 18.0 ± 15.5, while the last follow-up was 9.1 ± 7.9. The p values were 0.02 and 0.07 respectively. By using 3D printed models, the expanded distance of anterior edge vertebra and closed length of spinal canal line were 14.5 ± 7.5 mm and 24.5 ± 8.0 mm respectively. Self-image and satisfaction in SRS-22 improved significantly. There was no recurrence of deformity and junctional kyphosis. Conclusions The posterior closing-opening wedge osteotom for treatment of congenital kyphosis in children is satisfactory, if selected appropriately. During the longitudinal follow-up, the patients could achieve solid fusion and the correction could be well maintained. Evidence of Confidence: IVa
A pressure-sensitive adhesive made from macca carbon for medical use
Authors: Sakdapipanich Jitladda , Rodgerd Phawasoot , Yakkul Sutaporn , Nijpanich Supinya 
Published: September 2022

Macca carbon (MC), derived from high-temperature carbonized macadamia nut-in-shell wastes from macadamia nut processing, exhibits a high surface area, high number of electrons, and high efficiency in emitting far-infrared (FIR) radiation at wavelengths between 4 and 20 μm. Numerous inventions have demonstrated promising results in health improvement applications, such as increased blood circulation, less inflammation, and enhanced life expectancy. In this study, MC and a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) were coupled to form a new bandage called an MC cohesive bandage. It was manufactured by combining various quantities of MC powder with PSA and applying it to a spandex fabric tape. The peeling test, water permeability, and skin irritation were examined. The quantity of FIR radiation between 6 and 14 μm and the thermal properties of MC cohesive bandages were investigated. The FIR penetration effectiveness was determined by measuring the temperature rises from the streaky pig skin covered with MC cohesive bandages at various depths.