bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderator effects of mobile users' pedagogical role on science learning: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Shi Lehong , Kopcha Theodore J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe advancement of technologies has promoted the increasing popularity and integration of mobile technologies in science education in the past decade. These trends have led to an increased interest among scholars to understand the effects of mobile technologies in science education and whether those effects differ depending on how mobile technologies are used in learning and teaching (eg, student‐led, teacher‐led, collaborative). In this study, we performed a meta‐analysis of 34 studies that directly examined the effects of users' pedagogical role on K‐16 students' achievement in science when engaging in mobile learning (ML). The analysis of the 34 studies yielded an overall significant main effect of ML on K‐16 science learning outcomes. We applied the mixed‐effects model with moderator variables and found that users' pedagogical role significantly moderated the ML effects as a whole. Collaborative and student‐led uses had a statistically significant impact on student science learning, whereas teacher‐led use did not. Findings from this meta‐analysis are consistent with prior research, providing synthesized research‐based evidence of the effects of ML on science learning that holds implications for both mobile curriculum design and mobile technology use.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topicMobile technology has been increasingly adopted in science learning with great potential to support learning and teaching.Prior meta‐analysis has suggested multiple moderators in measuring the mobile learning effect.Prior empirical studies examined the effect of mobile users' pedagogical role in the specific subject domains (eg, physics) and grade levels (eg, high school).What this paper addsThis meta‐analysis is among the first to examine the moderator effect of mobile users' pedagogical roles on ML in K‐16 science education.This study found that mobile technology use is associated with significant science learning outcomes across 34 studies.This study found that the effect of mobile learning was moderated by mobile users' pedagogical roles (ie, who initiated the use). Collaborative use between teachers and students tends to be the most effective. Teacher‐led use tends to be the least effective.Implications for practiceThis study suggests that we should consider who leads the use of mobile technology when integrating mobile learning in science education.In particular, educators should encourage collaborative and student‐led mobile use for learning and instruction.
The NF1 microdeletion syndrome: early genetic diagnosis facilitates the management of a clinically defined disease
Authors: Kehrer‐Sawatzki Hildegard , Bäzner Ute , Krämer Johannes , Lewerenz Jan , Pfeiffer Christiane 
Published: March 2022

SummaryNeurofibromatosis type‐1 (NF1) is a genodermatosis frequently encountered in general dermatology. In many patients, the diagnosis of NF1 is made clinically based on the presence of café‐au‐lait macules and skinfold freckling, as well as plexiform neurofibromas detectable during early childhood. Later in life, cutaneous neurofibromas often represent important diagnostic features. NF1 is characterized by extreme clinical variability and a broad heterogeneity of NF1 gene mutations which impede genotype/phenotype correlations. Notable exceptions are NF1 microdeletions observed in 5–11 % of all NF1 patients. Patients with NF1 microdeletions frequently exhibit facial dysmorphic features and a tall stature as rather specific clinical signs. Furthermore, cutaneous and subcutaneous neurofibromas present at an early age, severe global developmental delay and cognitive disability are pathognomonic for the “NF1 microdeletion syndrome”. Importantly, NF1 microdeletions are associated with an approximately twofold higher risk for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors than intragenic NF1 gene mutations. The severe clinical manifestations of patients with NF1 microdeletions require early multidisciplinary clinical care and frequent tumor surveillance. Therefore, when red flag features for the “NF1 microdeletion syndrome” are present in a patient, genetic testing is necessary to confirm or exclude an NF1 microdeletion.
Composition and capacity of Institutional Review Boards, and challenges experienced by members in ethics review processes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: An exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Seralegne Yemisrach Zewdie , Wangamati Cynthia Khamala , Bernabe Rosemarie D. L. C. , Farsides Bobbie , Aseffa Abraham , Zewdie Martha 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFew studies in sub‐Saharan Africa evaluate Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) capacity. The study aims to explore the composition of IRBs, training, and challenges experienced in the ethics review processes by members of research institutions and universities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Our findings indicate that most IRBs members were trained on research ethics and good clinical practice. However, majority perceived the trainings as basic. IRB members faced several challenges including: investigators wanting rapid review; time pressure; investigators not following checklists; limited expertise in reviewing clinical trials, studies on genetics, and traditional medicine; lack of IRB offices for administrative work; competing tasks; limited staffing and the lack of a standardized review system. There is need for advanced training on research ethics to meet the evolving research needs. In addition, investments in IRBs are needed in terms of funding, and physical and human resources in Addis Ababa and Ethiopia in general.
Homing ability in a tropical Asian stingless bee is influenced by interaction between release distances and urbanisation
Authors: Wayo Kanuengnit , Leonhardt Sara D. , Sritongchuay Tuanjit , Bumrungsri Sara 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bee homing capacity determines the maximum distance/area from/around the nest that workers can travel to exploit resources. However, homing ranges have been hardly examined in tropical Asian stingless bee species or in relation to anthropogenic land‐use changes.
Here, we used translocation experiments, where we released marked bees at different distances from the colony, to evaluate the maximum homing distance of Tetragonula fuscobalteata in 10 different anthropogenic landscapes in Southern Thailand.
Our results show that typical and maximum homing distances (i.e., distances where 50% and 90% of released bees failed to return, respectively) were estimated to be 240 and 595 m, respectively. We found that bee homing rates were not affected by forest proximity or surrounding landscape composition within 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 m radii, but that they were influenced by the interaction between release distances from the colony and the proportion of urbanised cover at a 100 m radius. Bee homing rates decreased with increasing release distances for colonies placed in areas with higher proportions of urbanised land within a 100 m radius.
This suggests that urbanised areas (e.g., urban or suburban gardens, home gardens, backyards) provided sufficient food resources close to colonies, resulting in smaller foraging ranges.
Genetic evidence for the most common risk factors for chronic axonal polyneuropathy in the general population
Authors: Taams Noor E. , Knol Maria J. , Hanewinckel Rens , Drenthen Judith , Adams Hieab H. H. , van Doorn Pieter A. , Ikram Mohammad Arfan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeChronic axonal polyneuropathy is a common disease, but the etiology remains only partially understood. Previous etiologic studies have identified clinical risk factors, but genetic evidence supporting causality between these factors and polyneuropathy are largely lacking. In this study, we investigate whether there is a genetic association of clinically established important risk factors (diabetes, body mass index [BMI], vitamin B12 levels, and alcohol intake) with chronic axonal polyneuropathy.MethodsThis study was performed within the population‐based Rotterdam Study and included 1565 participants (median age = 73.6 years, interquartile range = 64.6–78.8, 53.5% female), of whom 215 participants (13.7%) had polyneuropathy. Polygenic scores (PGSs) for diabetes, BMI, vitamin B12 levels, and alcohol intake were calculated at multiple significance thresholds based on published genome‐wide association studies.ResultsHigher PGSs of diabetes, BMI, and alcohol intake were associated with higher prevalence of chronic axonal polyneuropathy, whereas higher PGS of vitamin B12 levels was associated with lower prevalence of polyneuropathy. These effects were most pronounced for PGSs with lenient significance thresholds for diabetes and BMI (odds ratio [OR]diabetes, p < 1.0 = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–1.39 and ORBMI, p < 1.0 = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.04–1.41) and for the strictest significance thresholds for vitamin B12 level and alcohol intake (OR vitamin B12, p < 5e‐6 = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.68–0.92 and ORalcohol, p < 5e‐8 = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.02–1.35). We did not find an association between different PGSs and sural sensory nerve action potential amplitude, nor between individual lead variants of PGSp < 5e‐8 and polyneuropathy.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for polygenic associations of diabetes, BMI, vitamin B12 level, and alcohol intake with chronic axonal polyneuropathy. This supports the hypothesis of causal associations between well‐known clinical risk factors and polyneuropathy.
COVID 19: A catalyst to automate protection order petitions to support self‐represented litigants
Authors: Ajmi Ayyoub 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 exacerbated the crisis in access to legal services especially for victims of domestic violence for whom the pandemic made their situations even more precarious. In this article, the author shares his experience of building and implementing an automated solution to help pro‐se litigants petition the court for emergency protection orders remotely and without the need to visit the courthouse. The article describes the lessons learned in developing a state court online portal dedicated to educating abuse victims and providing them with an automated way to petition the court for protection orders remotely without the need to visit a courthouse. The article concludes that implementing replicable models in other jurisdictions could create various efficient web‐based solutions for helping self‐represented litigants access the legal services that they need.
The effect of past defaunation on ranges, niches, and future biodiversity forecasts
Authors: Sales Lilian P. , Galetti Mauro , Carnaval Ana , Monsarrat Sophie , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Pires Mathias M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHumans have reshaped the distribution of biodiversity across the globe, extirpating species from regions otherwise suitable and restricting populations to a subset of their original ranges. Here, we ask if anthropogenic range contractions since the Late Pleistocene led to an under‐representation of the realized niches for megafauna, an emblematic group of taxa often targeted for restoration actions. Using reconstructions of past geographic distributions (i.e., natural ranges) for 146 extant terrestrial large‐bodied (>44 kg) mammals, we estimate their climatic niches as if they had retained their original distributions and evaluate their observed niche dynamics. We found that range contractions led to a sizeable under‐representation of the realized niches of several species (i.e., niche unfilling). For 29 species, more than 10% of the environmental space once seen in their natural ranges has been lost due to anthropogenic activity, with at least 12 species undergoing reductions of more than 50% of their realized niches. Eighteen species may now be confined to low‐suitability locations, where fitness and abundance are likely diminished; we consider these taxa 'climatic refugees'. For those species, conservation strategies supported by current ranges risk being misguided if current, suboptimal habitats are considered baseline for future restoration actions. Because most climate‐based biodiversity forecasts rely exclusively on current occurrence records, we went on to test the effect of neglecting historical information on estimates of species’ potential distribution – as a proxy of sensitivity to climate change. We found that niche unfilling driven by past range contraction leads to an overestimation of sensitivity to future climatic change, resulting in 50% higher rates of global extinction, and underestimating the potential for megafauna conservation and restoration under future climate change. In conclusion, range contractions since the Late Pleistocene have also left imprints on megafauna realized climatic niches. Therefore, niche truncation driven by defaunation can directly affect climate and habitat‐based conservation strategies.
First Full‐Scale In Situ Propane Biosparging for Co‐Metabolic Bioremediation of 1,4‐Dioxane
Authors: Bell Caitlin H. , Wong Jocelyn , Parsons Kelli , Semel William , McDonough Jeff , Gerber Kathleen 
Published: March 2022

Abstract1,4‐Dioxane is an emerging contaminant of environmental concern, probable human carcinogen, and it can result in diffuse groundwater plumes and is not readily treated using common remedial techniques (e.g., via air stripping or granular activated carbon). In situ bioremediation of 1,4‐dioxane has been studied at the bench‐scale and pilot‐scale. This work documents the full‐scale application of in situ propane biosparging for the treatment of 1,4‐dioxane. The subject site is located at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California. Installation of the full‐scale treatment system came after several pilot tests (e.g., Lippincott et al. 2015), stable isotope testing (Bell et al. 2016), and rebound testing conducted from 2012 to 2016. The full‐scale propane biosparge system supplies air and propane at an average of 5 kg (11 pounds) of propane per day to a network of 97 biosparge wells, or 52 g (0.11 pounds) of propane per day per biosparge well. Additionally, a bioaugmentation culture and macronutrients were delivered to the subsurface. After approximately 6 months of operation, 1,4‐dioxane was reduced at up to 99.2%, with an average global reduction of 64.1% (excluding two anomalous monitoring wells) across a treatment area of approximately 30.5 by 61 m (100 by 200 ft).
Developing lay summaries and thank you notes in paediatric pragmatic clinical trials
Authors: Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Perry Brian , Hanlen‐Rosado Emily , Nsonwu Adora , Lane Morgan D. , Benjamin Daniel K. , Becker Mara , Corneli Amy ,   Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act—Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionBetter transparency of research results and participant engagement may help address poor participant accrual in paediatric clinical research. We conducted formative research to assess the acceptability of lay summaries and thank you notes, as well as to refine and expand guidance on participant and family engagement in Pediatric Trials Network's (PTN) pragmatic paediatric clinical research.MethodsInformed by draft PTN guidance, we conducted in‐depth qualitative interviews with adolescent clinical trial participants and caregivers of paediatric participants in four trials conducted by PTN across eight sites. Participants were shown multiple versions of mock lay summaries and thank you notes and asked questions on their preferences for content and layout, and on trial communications. We used applied thematic analysis to analyse the data.ResultsWe interviewed 27 individuals engaged in PTN research: 24 caregivers and 3 adolescents. During a trial, participants want regular updates on study progress, reminders of the study purpose and reassurances of data confidentiality. After the trial, participants want to learn the aggregated results, particularly medication effectiveness. Participants reported that lay summaries should include a review of the study's purpose, methods and length, and that they expect to learn individual‐level results. Participants stated that thank you notes must be of sufficient length to be meaningful.ConclusionsThis is the first study to describe stakeholder preferences for thank you note content and layout. Using these findings, we finalized PTN's trial communication guidance for use in future PTN trials. Research is needed to determine the effect of lay summaries and thank you notes on improving public transparency regarding clinical trials and paediatric trial recruitment and completion.Patient or Public ContributionBy design, stakeholders (adolescent trial participants and caregivers of pediatric trial participants) contributed to PTN's guidance on the content and layout of lay summaries and thank you notes through their participation in the in‐depth interviews.
Encapsulation of protein hydrolysates by spray drying: feasibility of using buffalo whey proteins
Authors: Giroldi Maiara , Grambusch Isabel Marie , Schlabitz Cláudia , Kuhn Daniel , Lehn Daniel Neutzling , Volken de Souza Claucia Fernanda 
Published: March 2022

SummaryThis work aimed to produce and encapsulate protein hydrolysates of buffalo origin using spray drying with gum arabic and maltodextrin as encapsulating agents. The following core ratios were applied: encapsulating agent in the ratios of 1:10 and 1:15, with 50% gum arabic and 50% maltodextrin (50:50), and 70% gum arabic and 30% maltodextrin (70:30). The encapsulated particles were between 2.0 and 20.0 μm. The encapsulation efficiency of the samples was above 95% at the initial time. After 45 days of storage, encapsulation efficiency decreased to values below 60%. The 70:30 samples showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in hygroscopicity, moisture and water activity compared with free hydrolysates. The encapsulation process increased the values of oil retention, emulsifying activity and solubility of whey protein hydrolysates for all proportions evaluated, both at the initial time and after 45 days of storage. The branched‐chain amino acid concentration was higher in samples encapsulated at the 1:10 ratio. The spray drying encapsulation of buffalo protein hydrolysates with suitable encapsulating agents improves the techno‐functional characteristics of these hydrolysates, hence expanding their use in different food matrices and enabling the use of buffalo cheese whey.
A prospective, multicentre study of 6‐mm short implants in posterior alveolar bone supporting splinted crowns: A 5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Sui Huiping , Tang Zhihui , Zhang Xiao , Wei Diyuan , Meng Huanxin , Han Jie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 6‐mm short implants, placed in the posterior jaws and supporting splinted crowns, at 5 years after early loading.Materials and MethodsForty‐five patients with 95 implants (diameter: 4 mm; length: 6 mm) were enrolled at three centres. Two to three implants were placed in either the maxillary or the mandibular posterior region in each patient and restored with screw‐retained splinted crowns at 6 weeks later. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were evaluated at implant placement, at loading, and at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 60 months after loading. Biological and mechanical complications were recorded. Marginal changes in bone level in relation to clinical parameters were evaluated using a generalized linear mixed model.ResultsDuring the 5 years of follow‐up, the mean change in the marginal bone level (MBL) was 0.04 ± 0.14 mm. Four implants in four patients were lost before loading, one implant in one patient was lost at the 5‐year follow‐up, and two patients were lost to follow‐up. The survival and success rates were 88.4% (38/43) at the patient level. The incidence rates of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis were 29.4% and 7.0%, respectively. The rate of technical complications was 14.0%.ConclusionsOver a 5‐year period, 6‐mm short implants supporting early loaded splinted crowns in maxillary or mandibular posterior regions showed stable MBLs and acceptable technical and biological complication rates.
Exploring periodontitis misclassification mechanisms under partial‐mouth protocols
Authors: Alshihayb Talal S. , Sharma Praveen , Dietrich Thomas , Heaton Brenda 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the sources of periodontitis misclassification under partial‐mouth protocols (PMPs) and to explore possible approaches to enhancing protocol validity.Materials and MethodsUsing data from 10,680 adults with 244,999 teeth from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we compared tooth‐, site‐, and quadrant‐specific periodontal parameters and case identification under full‐mouth protocols and PMPs. Separately, we utilized population measures of tooth‐specific periodontal severity to generate PMPs with tooth selection based on the population ranking of clinical severity and assessed the sensitivity of case identification.ResultsSymmetry of clinical severity was generally confirmed, with the exception of lingual inter‐proximal sites, which yielded greater sensitivity in identifying periodontitis compared to buccal sites due to more severe pocketing and attachment loss on average. Misclassification of severe periodontitis occurred more frequently under commonly implemented PMPs compared to ranking‐based selection of teeth, which yielded sensitivity estimates of 70.1%–79.4% with the selection of 8 teeth and reached 90% with the selection of only 14 teeth.ConclusionsClinical symmetry and sources of periodontitis misclassification were confirmed. The proposed selection of teeth based on population rankings of clinical severity yielded optimal sensitivity estimates for the detection of severe periodontitis and may present a favourable alternative to current options.
Rural Residents’ Perinatal Experiences During the Initial Months of the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study in British Columbia
Authors: Sullivan Eva , Cameron Audrey , Kornelsen Jude 
Published: March 2022

IntroductionMany studies have explored the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on perinatal health, but few have examined the effects of the pandemic on birthing families through a rural lens. Given that the COVID‐19 pandemic has reinforced long‐standing disparities between urban and rural communities, it is important that the significance of place on the health and wellness of rural populations is made visible.MethodsIn‐depth interviews and focus groups with 16 participants from rural communities in British Columbia, Canada, were performed. Participants included those who had been pregnant or given birth after March 11, 2020. Data from the interviews and focus groups were analyzed using the principles of thematic analysis to understand the perinatal experiences of rural families during the initial months of the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsAnalysis of the data revealed 4 major themes: perceived risk of infection, navigating uncertainty, experience of care received, and resilience and silver linings. In general, participants conceptualized rural communities as safer bubbles. Exceptions included specific vectors of risk such as tourism travel and border communities. Challenges experienced by rural families including anxiety around changing health guidelines, reduced social support, and potential loss of their partners’ support at births. Additional concerns specific to rural experiences added to this burden, including fear of traveling to referral centers for care and increased difficulties accessing resources.DiscussionParticipants reported positive, compassionate care experiences that helped to mitigate some of the added stressors of the pandemic. These findings highlight the importance of perinatal care provision that integrates physiologic and mental health supports. This study provides a foundation for a comprehensive inquiry into the experiences of rural perinatal services during COVID‐19.