bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rewards versus Imprisonment: The Impact of Choice
Authors: Mungan Murat C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Imprisonment and monetary rewards for non-convictions can similarly incentivize potential offenders to refrain from committing crime. Although imprisonment is expensive, it may still enjoy a cost advantage over rewards. This is because only detected criminals are imprisoned, whereas rewards need to be provided to the remaining, much larger, population. In this article, I demonstrate that the possible cost disadvantages of rewards are mitigated when people are offered a choice between an enforcement scheme involving no rewards and another involving rewards coupled with longer imprisonment sentences. Specifically, by using rewards in this manner, one can jointly reduce crime, time served per convict, and the tax burden of the criminal justice system, under the same conditions as one could by introducing rewards without choice in an environment where there is perfect detection. Moreover, monetary rewards provide incentives through wealth transfers, but imprisonment operates by destroying wealth. This leads choice-based reward regimes to be optimal unless the imprisonment elasticity of deterrence is higher than is empirically observed.
Angebotssysteme für mehr Produktivität im Vertrieb
Authors: Hölzler Erwin , Kraus Hermann 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Für die Angebote von komplexen und variantenreichen Maschinen und Anlagen muß der Vertrieb die Produkte auslegen, konfigurieren, vertrieblich kalkulieren und die Angebotsunterlagen erstellen. Heute existieren Software-Lösungen, die diese Arbeitsschritte unterstützen und dabei mit einem Vertriebsinformationssystem sowie dem PPS-System gekoppelt sind. Der Einsatz dieser Hilfsmittel steigert die Qualität der Angebote gegenüber dem Kunden, bringt aber auch Verbesserungen gegenüber der Produktion und dem Kostencontrolling im eigenen Unternehmen.
Produzieren in Netzwerken
Authors: Friemuth Ulrich , Wrede Philip von 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Die Produktion in Netzwerken verspricht umfangreiche Potentiale zur Verbesserung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit. Die Diskussion zum Thema Unternehmensnetzwerke dreht sich aber hauptsächlich um strategische Konzepte. Hinweise zum operativen Betrieb von Netzen fehlen dagegen häufig. Die Bekleidungsindustrie produziert schon seit Jahrzehnten in Netzwerkstrukturen. Daher soll am Beispiel der Bekleidungsindustrie der Aufbau von realen Netzwerken und deren operativer Betrieb veranschaulicht werden.
Umweltkennzahlen zielsicher eingeführt
Authors: Westkämper Engelbert , Friedel Andreas , Culha Berkun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Heute haben ca. 800 Unternehmen Umweltmanagementsysteme eingeführt und wollen so ihre Umweltleistung verbessern. Doch wie wird diese gemessen? Aufbauend auf den Stand der Erkenntnisse stellt der Beitrag eine Vorgehensweise zur Ableitung und Einführung von Umweltkennzahlen sowie deren Verankerung im Controlling vor.
Ein Assistenzsystem für die frühen Phasen der Produktentwicklung*
Authors: Specht Dieter , Kaufmann Uwe 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Wissenbasierte Systeme unterstützen vornehmlich nicht-geometrische, kognitive Entwurfsarbeiten in der Konzeptphase der Produktentwicklung. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Assistenzsystem vorgestellt, welches mit Hilfe der semantischen Modellierung eine weitgehend parallele Arbeit in einem wissenbasierten und einem CAD-System erlaubt. Die semantischen Modelle dienen als Werkzeug für die Strukturierung von Produktentwürfen, welches verschiedene Vorteile mit sich bringt.
Verkürzung der Prozeßkette
Authors: Meerkamm Harald , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Eine Verkürzung des Produktentwicklungsprozesses kann durch die frühzeitige Berücksichtigung der Anforderungen von Prozessen erfolgen, die der Konstruktion zeitlich nachgeschaltet sind. In diesem Beitrag wird beschrieben, wie die Belange von Bereichen wie Fertigung, Montage und Gebrauch bereits in der Konstruktion berücksichtigt werden können. Die Realisierung erfolgt mit Hilfe eines Assistenzsystems.
Dezentralisierung und Autonomie in der Produktion
Authors: Westkämper Engelbert , Wiendahl Hans-Hermann , Balve Patrick 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Um den heutigen Marktanforderungen gerecht zu werden, wählen produzierende Unternehmen verstärkt dezentrale Organisationsstrukturen. Doch Dezentralisierung ist kein Selbstzweck. Ziel ist es vielmehr, Handlungs- und Entscheidungsspielräume so zu gestalten, daß die Reaktionsfähigkeit des Gesamtsystems steigt. Dies erfordert, zunächst die Aspekte der Dezentralisierung differenziert zu betrachten.
Dezentral automatisiertes Materialflußsystem
Authors: Gausemeier Jürgen , Förste Stefan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Bei den heute verfügbaren modularen Materialflußsystemen beschränkt sich die Modularität auf die Fördertechnik. Mit dem hier vorgestellten System wurde eine dezentrale Steuerungsarchitektur geschaffen, welche die Modularisierung der Anlage konsequent bis zur Ebene der Steuerungshardware fortsetzt. Kennzeichnende Merkmale sind die Schaffung intelligenter Module, die Minimierung des erforderlichen Programmieraufwandes durch vorprogrammierte Controller und die Entwicklung eines effizienten Kommunikationskonzeptes zur Reduzierung der Belastung des Kommunikationsbusses.
Effizienzsteigerung in Konstruktion und Arbeitsplanung
Authors: Eversheim Walter , Gräßler Richard , Schulten Iris 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Zur Steigerung ihrer Wettbewerbsfähigkeit setzen zukunftsorientierte Unternehmen vermehrt auf eine Verkürzung von Entwicklungszeiten durch Simultaneous Engineering. Die hiermit verbundenen Integrationsmaßnahmen müssen geplant und koordiniert werden. In diesem Artikel wird eine Integrationsmethodik für Konstruktion und Arbeitsplanung vorgestellt, die die Planung, Bewertung und Ausführung paralleler und integrierter Abläufe unterstützt.
Konstruierte Qualität durch eine unternehmensübergreifende Kommunikationsstruktur
Authors: Kreis Willibald , Kuhlenkötter Bernd 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mit Methoden und Werkzeugen der konventionellen Produktgestaltung, die heute bereits in vielen Unternehmen zur Anwendung kommen, ist die Forderung nach einer nationalen sowie internationalen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit auf lange Sicht nicht ausreichend zu erfüllen. Die am Lehrstuhl für Maschinenelemente, -gestaltung und Handhabungstechnik der Universität Dortmund ausgearbeitete „Integrierte Produktgestaltung (IPG)" schafft die notwendigen Voraussetzungen für eine Neustrukturierung des Konstruktionsprozesses.
Longitudinal Allometry of Sulcal Morphology in Health and Schizophrenia
Authors: Janssen Joost , Alloza Clara , Díaz-Caneja Covadonga M. , Santonja Javier , Pina-Camacho Laura , Gordaliza Pedro M. , Fernández-Pena Alberto , Lois Noemi González , Buimer Elizabeth E.L. , van Haren Neeltje E.M. , Cahn Wiepke , Vieta Eduard , Castro-Fornieles Josefina , Bernardo Miquel , Arango Celso , Kahn René S. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E. , Schnack Hugo G. 
Published: March 2022

Scaling between subcomponents of folding and total brain volume (TBV) in healthy individuals (HIs) is allometric. It is unclear whether this is true in schizophrenia (SZ) or first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study confirmed normative allometric scaling norms in HIs using discovery and replication samples. Cross-sectional and longitudinal diagnostic differences in folding subcomponents were then assessed using an allometric framework. Structural imaging from a longitudinal (Sample 1: HI and SZ, nHI Baseline= 298, nSZ Baseline= 169, nHI Follow-up= 293, nSZ Follow-up= 168, totaling 1087 images, all individuals ≥ 2 images, age 16-69 years) and a cross-sectional sample (Sample 2: nHI= 61 and nFEP= 89, age 10-30 years), all human males and females, is leveraged to calculate global folding and its nested subcomponents: sulcation index (SI, total sulcal/cortical hull area) and determinants of sulcal area: sulcal length and sulcal depth. Scaling of SI, sulcal area, and sulcal length with TBV in SZ and FEP was allometric and did not differ from HIs. Longitudinal age trajectories demonstrated steeper loss of SI and sulcal area through adulthood in SZ. Longitudinal allometric analysis revealed that both annual change in SI and sulcal area was significantly stronger related to change in TBV in SZ compared with HIs. Our results detail the first evidence of the disproportionate contribution of changes in SI and sulcal area to TBV changes in SZ. Longitudinal allometric analysis of sulcal morphology provides deeper insight into lifespan trajectories of cortical folding in SZ.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPsychotic disorders are associated with deficits in cortical folding and brain size, but we lack knowledge of how these two morphometric features are related. We leverage cross-sectional and longitudinal samples in which we decompose folding into a set of nested subcomponents: sulcal and hull area, and sulcal depth and length. We reveal that, in both schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis, (1) scaling of subcomponents with brain size is different from expected scaling laws and (2) caution is warranted when interpreting results from traditional methods for brain size correction. Longitudinal allometric scaling points to loss of sulcal area as a principal contributor to loss of brain size in schizophrenia. These findings advance the understanding of cortical folding atypicalities in psychotic disorders.
VIRTUAL SCIENTIFIC WRITING ASSISTANCE FOR TEACHERS AS IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Melati Inaya Sari , Harnanik Harnanik 
Published: March 2022

Salah satu permasalahan utama bagi guru di Indonesia adalah rendahnya kuantitas dan kualitas karya ilmiah yang dibuat oleh guru. Padahal ditinjau dari sisi administrasi, menulis karya ilmiah merupakan salah satu syarat utama bagi guru untuk kenaikan golongan kepangkatan guru sebagai bentuk pengembangan keprofesian berkelanjutan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendampingan bagi guru dalam menulis karya ilmiah. Kegiatan pendampingan ini dilakukan secara virtual, sesuai dengan anjuran pemerintah untuk melakukan social distancing selama masa pandemi. Peserta pendampingan terdiri dari 214 guru dari berbagai jenjang pendidikan yang tersebar dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini meliputi: (1) penyampaian materi mengenai Karya Tulis Ilmiah (KTI); (2) pemberian pemahaman mengenai pentingnya menulis karya ilmiah bagi guru dan tenaga pendidik; (3) sesi diskusi dan tanya jawab dengan memberikan kesempatan bagi guru dan tenaga pendidik terkait penulisan karya ilmiah; (4) memberikan gambaran dan simulasi tentang penulisan karya ilmiah; (5) evaluasi hasil dari kegiatan yang telah dilakukan. Tanggapan peserta dalam kegiatan ini sangat antusias, sehingga direncanakan kegiatan lanjutan berupa bimbingan teknis penulisan KTI secara lebih intensif.
One of the main problems for teachers in Indonesia is the low quantity and quality of scientific work made by teachers. Whereas in terms of administration, writing scientific work is one of the main requirements for teachers to increase the rank of teachers as a form of sustainable professional development. Therefore, assistance is needed for teachers in writing scientific work. This mentoring activity is carried out virtually, in accordance with the government's recommendation to conduct social distancing during the pandemic. The mentoring participants consisted of 214 teachers from various levels of education spread from various regions in Indonesia. Methods of implementation of this devotional activities include: (1) the delivery of material on Scientific Papers (KTI); (2) providing an understanding of the importance of writing scientific work for teachers and educators; (3) discussion and question and answer sessions by providing opportunities for teachers and educators related to the writing of scientific works; (4) provide an overview and simulation of the writing of scientific works; (5) evaluation of the results of the activities that have been carried out. The response of participants in this activity was very enthusiastic, so that the planned follow-up activities in the form of technical guidance on writing KTI more intensively.
STRENGTHENING ECOPRENEURSHIP IN PAKIS VILLAGE, LIMBANGAN SUBDISTRICT, KENDAL DISTRICT
Authors: Nuryana Ita , Thomas Partono , Aeni Ida Nur , Rachmadani Wulan Suci 
Published: March 2022

Tujuan dari pelaksanaan pengabdian ini adalah agar para pemilik usaha dapat melakukan bisnis kolang-kolang dengan memperhatikan lingkungan untuk kelangsungan usahanya. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 11 Agustus 2020 di Kantor Kelurahan Pakis Kabupten Kendal diikuti oleh 30 pelaku bisnis. Pelatihan dimulai dengan penyampaian materi oleh narasumber, dilanjutkan dengan diskusi dan diakhiri dengan praktik pembuatan berbagai olahan dari kolang-kaling seperti manisan kolang-kolang, donat dan selai kolang-kaling. Simpulan dalam pengabdian ini kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat mengenai produk hijau dalam sosialisasi penguatan ecopreneurship dan praktik pengolahan produk kolang kaling pada Masyarakat desa Pakis mendapatkan respon yang antusias dari peserta. Saran dalam pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yaitu kegiatan pengabdian seperti ini dapat dilakukan secara rutin dengan sasaran yang benar-benar membutuhkan untuk penguatan ecopreneurship dan praktik pengolahan produk kolang kaling pada Masyarakat desa Pakis.
The purpose of the implementation of this devotion is so that business owners can do business kolang-kolang by paying attention to the environment for the continuity of their business. This service was held on August 11, 2020 at Pakis Village Office of Kendal District followed by 30 businesses. The training began with the delivery of materials by the speakers, followed by discussions and ended with the practice of making various preparations of kolang-kaling such as candied kolang-kolang, donuts and kolang-kaling jam. In conclusion, in this service activities of community service on green products in the socialization of strengthening ecopreneurship and the practice of processing kaling-kolang products in pakis village communities get an enthusiastic response from participants. Suggestions in the implementation of community service that is this kind of devotion activities can be done routinely with the target that really needs to strengthen ecopreneurship and the practice of processing kolang -koling products in pakis village community.
CAPABILITY DEVELOPMENT OF BUMDES “ASUNG DAYA” IN PRESENTING ASSET VALUE
Authors: Anisykurlillah Indah , Mahmud Amir , Susilowati Nurdian , Mukhibad Hasan , Hayati Nurul 
Published: March 2022

The purpose of community service is to provide an understanding of asset assessment, measurement, and asset recognition through administrating the assets of Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). The methods of activities used are socialization, training and mentoring. The target community audience is the Director and manager of BUMDes Asung Daya and The Secretary of the Jatijajar Village bergas district of Semarang Regency. Socialization, training, and assistance in understanding the assessment, measurement, and recognition of assets run smoothly. BUMDes managers understand how to conduct asset valuations by using current market value. If the asset is a fixed asset, then its economic life is more than 12 months. If the asset is a current asset, then its economic life is less than 12 months. So far BUMDes has been able to compile financial statements correctly. However, some terms are not commonly used in accounting such as initial balance accounts, meaning the inventory of merchandise (beginning of the period). Recording of current assets in the form of inventory of merchandise in the asung daya minimarket is done computerized so that if you want to know the amount of stock just open on the cashier's computer. The financial statements prepared are accounted for in village deliberations (musdes) attended by the Village Consultative Agency (BPD), women representatives, cadet corals, community leaders, BUMDes administrators, and village devices.
Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah memahamkan penilaian aset, pengukuran, dan pengakuan aset melalui pengadministrasian asset Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes). Metode kegiatan yang digunakan adalah sosialisasi, pelatihan dan pendampingan. Khalayak masyarakat sasarannya adalah Direktur dan pengurus BUMDes Asung Daya dan Sekretaris Desa Jatijajar Kecamatan Bergas Kabupaten Semarang. Kegiatan sosialisasi, pelatihan, dan pendampingan pemahaman penilaian, pengukuran, dan pengakuan aset berjalan dengan lancar. Pengurus BUMDes memahami cara melakukan penilaian aset dengan cara menggunakan nilai pasar saat ini. Jika aset tersebut adalah aset tetap, maka umur ekonomisnya lebih dari 12 bulan. Jika aset tersebut adalah aset lancar, maka umur ekonomisnya kurang dari 12 bulan. Selama ini BUMDes sudah dapat menyusun laporan keuangan dengan benar. Akan tetapi ada beberapa istilah yang tidak lazim digunakan dalam akuntansi semisal akun saldo awal, maksudnya adalah persediaan barang dagangan (awal periode). Pencatatan aset lancar berupa persediaan barang dagangan yang ada di minimarket asung daya dilakukan secara komputerisasi sehingga jika ingin mengetahui jumlah stok nya tinggal buka di komputer kasir. Laporan keuangan yang disusun dipertanggungjawabkan dalam musyawarah desa (musdes) yang dihadiri oleh Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD), perwakilan perempuan, karang taruna, tokoh masyarakat, pengurus BUMDes, dan perangkat desa.
Intimate Partner Violence and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rahman Rehana , Huysman Colleen , Ross Abigail M. , Boskey Elizabeth R. 
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES
To describe the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated practice shifts on consultation and referral patterns of an intimate partner violence program at a large, urban children’s hospital.

METHODS
Secondary data analyses examined COVID-19–related variations in patterns of consultations and referrals in the 11 months before the COVID-19 pandemic (April 1, 2019–February 29, 2020) and those after its emergence (April 1, 2020–February 28, 2021). χ2 analyses were used to examine differences in categorical outcomes of interest by time and practice setting, as well as differences within practice settings. Poisson regressions were used to compare the number of reasons for consultation and the number of referrals during the 2 periods.

RESULTS
Analyses revealed significant decreases in face-to-face consults (28% to 2%; P &lt; .001) during the period after COVID-19 emergence alongside significant increases in the total number of consults (240 to 295; P &lt; .001), primarily for emotional abuse (195 to 264; P = .007). Psychoeducation referrals also increased significantly (199 to 273; P &lt; .001), whereas referrals to community resources decreased significantly (111 to 95; P &lt; .001). Setting-specific analyses revealed that primary care settings were the only practice settings to demonstrate significant differences in overall number of and specific reasons for consultation and associated referral types before and after COVID-19 emergence.

CONCLUSIONS
Even during a shift away from face-to-face care, there was an increase in intimate partner violence referrals after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggest the importance of pediatric primary care as a location for survivors to access support.
Molecular weight distribution of fructans extracted from Agave salmiana leaves
Authors: Plascencia Arizbeth , Gutiérrez-Mora Antonia , Rodríguez-Domínguez José Manuel , Castañeda-Nava José Juvencio , Gallardo-Valdez Juan , Shimada Harumi , Camacho-Ruiz Rosa María 
Published: March 2022

Background: In mezcal industry, Agave salmiana leaves are a crop residue and a potential source of fructans. Agave fructans are a soluble fiber that can act as prebiotic in gut microbiota.
Questions and Hypotheses: The molecular weight distribution of agave fructans extracted from leaves of Agave salmiana depends on the region where agaves growth and on the subspecies.
Studied species: Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm Dyck, spp. salmiana and Agave salmiana spp. crassispina.
Study site: Twelve municipalities from Guanajuato México were sampled: Ocampo, San Felipe, San Diego de la Unión, Victoria, Xichú, Atarjea, Dolores Hidalgo, Doctor Mora, Santa Catarina, Tierra Blanca, San Miguel Allende and Comonfort.
Methods: The base of the leaf close to the stem of Agave salmiana ssp. salmiana and A. salmiana ssp. crassispina plants, six years old, were harvested. Water s oluble carbohydrates were extracted, the content molecular weight distribution of fructans was determined by HPLC-SEC.
Results: An average of 0.7 % of soluble carbohydrates was recovered from the leaves. The molecular weight distribution of Agave salmiana fructans was: number average molecular weight: 3,209 g/mol; average molecular weight: 5,046 g/mol; number average degree of polymerization: 19; weight average degree of polymerization: 30. High polymerization degree fructans content was greater in Agave salmiana spp. salmiana (55 %) than in Agave salmiana spp. crassispina (47 %).
Conclusions: The leaves of Agave salmiana contain a low proportion of high-molecular-weight fructans, compared to commercial agave fructans. The results demonstrated the technical feasibility to obtain fructans from Agave salmiana leaves.
Stabilization of theS-to-PEnergy Ratio of a Diffuse Wavefield from Reflections at Free Surfaces
Authors: Nagasaka Yosuke , Nozu Atsushi 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTSeismic interferometry relates the Green’s function between two observation sites to the cross correlation of recordings at these sites. In the formulation of seismic interferometry to retrieve the exact Green’s function, an assumption that the energy density ratio of S-to-P waves is 2(α/β)3 is used. Thus, understanding how and under what conditions a wavefield satisfies this energy partition ratio is important for these studies. Previous studies revealed that multiple scattering by random inhomogeneities of the medium equilibrates the S- to P-wave energy densities, and the ratio is 2(α/β)3. However, the effect of the free surface on the energy partition ratio is not fully understood. This study analyzes the effect of the free surface to the energy density ratio in a diffuse wavefield. We employ the definition of a diffuse wavefield by a random superposition of plane waves. We consider a wavefield where plane waves travel inside a homogeneous solid with a free surface and repeat P-to-S and S-to-P conversions at the free surface. Under this condition, it is known that the energy density ratio of S-to-P waves tends to a specific value. However, the value proposed in a previous study slightly deviated from 2(α/β)3, and it was argued that the deviation was due to a numerical error. We prove that the ratio exactly equals 2(α/β)3. Our results show that repeated reflections at the free surface as well as scattering in random media equilibrate the energy ratio of S-to-P waves into 2(α/β)3 regardless of the energy partition of the source.