bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Project management education through simulation: Achieving reliability, relevance, and reality in a “messy” environment
Authors: Tarpey Richard J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractProject management (PM) work readiness requires preparation beyond the knowledge of concepts and best practices to develop and practice soft skills needed for successful project management. This article proposes a methodology that combines real‐world practitioner tools, PM processes, and a Microsoft Excel‐based PM Simulator to create a “messy” project environment for students to apply concepts supported by soft skill practice. This methodology addresses a gap in classroom strategies focusing on soft skill development via practice rather than knowledge conveyance for PM education. Faculty provides a project case study for students to plan and execute, starting with charter development and carrying through project execution. This article illustrates one potential case study, but any project planning case study can be used with the PM Simulator as long as the project plan from the case has fewer than 100 individual tasks (PM Simulator constraint). Faculty can control complexity to prevent unwinnable and overly easy scenarios preventing students from becoming frustrated or bored, each a potential learning roadblock. The simulation of an unpredictable project environment occurs as students are faced with challenges that they must assess and overcome. Two pilot implementations successfully demonstrated that students learned to create incremental project artifacts such as charters, project plans, status reports, and learned schedule versus budget‐balancing concepts.
Powder‐fed directed energy deposition of soda lime silica glass on glass substrates
Authors: Spirrett Fiona , Datsiou Kyriaki Corinna , Magallanes Marlin , Ashcroft Ian , Goodridge Ruth 
Published: July 2022

AbstractNovel glass processing by powder‐fed directed energy deposition was explored as a method of adding glass décor to glass surfaces and bottles. Consistent, semitransparent, single‐line tracks of soda lime silica glass could be processed onto glass substrates of the same composition, without significant cracks forming in the substrate. A suitable processing window was found with laser power and scan speed showing independent effects on processing. Consideration of processing surface conditions and reduction of laser transmission through transparent substrates was necessary, and the use of an adhesive tape layer aided adhesion of glass feedstock to substrate surfaces. The work demonstrates the potential for a one‐step method of glass bottle decoration for the packaging industry, with scope to create 3D designs of high geometric complexity and customizability on glass substrates, thereby adding value to glass packaging by brand differentiation without the high costs associated with molds and tooling.
Systemic treatment of children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis aged ≥2 years: a Delphi consensus project mapping expert opinion in Northern Europe
Authors: de Graaf M. , Janmohamed S.R. , Schuttelaar M.L.A. , Agner T. , Alfonso J.H. , De Schepper S. , Deleuran M. , Despontin K. , Elenius V. , Ghislain P.‐D. , Huilaja L. , Johansson E.K. , Kvenshagen B.K. , Mandelin J.M. , Olset H. , Svensson A. , van Tuyll van Serooskerken A.M. , Thyssen J.P. , Vestergaard C. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPaediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) can be burdensome, affecting mental health and impairing quality of life for children and caregivers. Comprehensive guidelines exist for managing paediatric AD, but practical guidance on using systemic therapy is limited, particularly for new therapies including biologics and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, recently approved for various ages in this indication.ObjectivesThis expert consensus aimed to provide practical recommendations within this advancing field to enhance clinical decision‐making on the use of these and other systemics for children and adolescents aged ≥2 years with moderate‐to‐severe AD.MethodsNineteen physicians from Northern Europe were selected for their expertise in managing childhood AD. Using a two‐round Delphi process, they reached full or partial consensus on 37 statements.ResultsSystemic therapy is recommended for children aged ≥2 years with a clear clinical diagnosis of severe AD and persistent disease uncontrolled after optimizing non‐systemic therapy. Systemic therapy should achieve long‐term disease control and reduce short‐term interventions. Recommended are cyclosporine A for short‐term use (all ages) and dupilumab or methotrexate for long‐term use (ages ≥6 years). Consensus was not reached on the best long‐term systemics for children aged 2–6 years, although new systemic therapies will likely become favourable: New biologics and JAK inhibitors will soon be approved for this age group, and more trial and real‐world data will become available.ConclusionsThis article makes practical recommendations on the use of systemic AD treatments for children and adolescents, to supplement international and regional guidelines. It considers the systemic medication that was available for children and adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe AD at the time this consensus project was done: azathioprine, cyclosporine A, dupilumab, methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil and oral glucocorticosteroids. We focus on the geographically similar Northern European countries, whose healthcare systems, local preferences for AD management and reimbursement structures nonetheless differ significantly.
Risk factors for severe perineal lacerations during childbirth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Hu Yinchu , Lu Hong , Huang Qifang , Ren Lihua , Wang Na , Huang Jing , Yang Minghui , Cao Linlin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate and quantify the best available evidence regarding risk factors for severe perineal lacerations.BackgroundMany studies have evaluated the risk factors for severe perineal lacerations. However, the results of those studies are inconsistent, and meta‐analysis which thoroughly evaluates the risk factors for severe perineal lacerations is still lacking.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies based on the PRISMA guideline.MethodsPubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP and SinoMed were systematically searched for cohort studies reporting at least one risk factor for severe perineal lacerations from 1 January 2000 to 2 June 2021. Two reviewers independently conducted quality appraisal by NOS scale and extracted data. Data synthesis was conducted via RevMan 5.3 using a random‐effects or fixed‐effects model.ResultsA total of 47 studies with 7,043,218 women were included. The results showed that prior caesarean delivery (OR: 1.46, 95% CI 1.12–1.92) and pre‐pregnant underweight (OR: 1.31, 95% CI 1.22–1.41) significantly increased the risk of severe perineal lacerations. The results also demonstrated that episiotomy was protective against severe perineal lacerations in forceps delivery (OR: 0.56, 95% CI 0.42–0.74), but not spontaneous vaginal delivery (OR: 1.30, 95% CI 0.81–2.07) or vacuum delivery (OR: 0.76, 95% CI 0.45–1.28). Nulliparity, foetus in occipitoposterior or occipitotransverse position, and midline episiotomy were also independent risk factors for severe perineal lacerations.ConclusionsSevere perineal lacerations are associated with many factors, and evidence‐based risk assessment tools are needed to guide the midwives and obstetricians to estimate women's risk of severe perineal lacerations.Relevance to clinical practiceThis systematic review and meta‐analysis identified some important risk factors for severe perineal lacerations, which provides comprehensive insights to guide the midwives to assess women's risk for severe perineal lacerations and take appropriate preventive measures to decrease the risk.
Risk factors of delirium after gastrointestinal surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Yu Dongdong , Du Yanru , Geng Jianlei 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative delirium is one of the common complications after any major surgery such as gastrointestinal surgery. And it is related to increased mortality and morbidity and other serious surgical outcomes.AimsThis study aims to identify risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.Materials and MethodsRelevant studies published before August 2021 were searched on Pubmed, Embase and Medline. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed by Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random‐effects model of DerSimonian‐Laird was used to synthesise the overall ORs or RRs for all risk factors. MOOSE checklist was used to review this manuscript.ResultsA total of 21 studies including 6165 patients were finally included for quantitative analysis. The pooled incidence of postoperative delirium is 11% (95% CI: 9%‐15%). 16 risk factors were identified, in which age, sex, alcohol consumption, cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, use of sleeping pills, history of delirium, preoperative C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, operation time, blood loss and perioperative blood transfusion were statistically significant while smoking, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, performance status, diabetes and operation approach were insignificant.DiscussionThis meta‐analysis may provide tips for nursing staff and surgeons to design and implement prevention programmes to reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium.ConclusionPotential risk factors of delirium after gastrointestinal surgery are age, sex, alcohol consumption, cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases, use of sleeping pills, history of delirium, preoperative CRP levels, operation time, blood loss and blood transfusion.
Association between gestational abnormal glucose tolerance and maternal‐fetal outcomes
Authors: Kung Wan‐Ju , Kuo Hsin‐Yi , Lee Chien‐Hung , Zen Yeong‐Hwa , Kong Li‐Chin , Lin Ching‐Chiang 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationship between abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy and maternal‐fetal outcomes, after categorizing women into groups with different levels of gestational abnormal glucose tolerance.MethodsA total of 1858 pregnant women who received two‐step screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at Fooyin University Hospital were categorized into four groups, according to their glucose abnormalities, and their maternal‐fetal outcomes were investigated from October 2015 to June 2020.ResultsAmong the groups having different levels of abnormal glucose tolerance, there were significant differences and trends in mother's age, currently married status, and prepregnancy overweight or obesity, incidences of cesarean section, preterm, and gestational hypertension or preeclampsia; and with respect to neonatal incidence of large for gestational age (LGA), average weight, and average height (p < 0.05). After adjusting for potential factors, there were higher incidences of cesarean section (AOR = 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–2.61), preterm (AOR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.23–3.91), neonatal LGA (AOR = 4.94; 95% CI: 2.87–8.51), and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.14–6.24) in the GDM group, relative to the control group. Furthermore, the women in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)‐1 group had a higher incidence of neonatal LGA when compared with the women in the normal group (AOR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.02–5.33).ConclusionsWe found higher incidences of cesarean section, preterm, and neonatal LGA and NICU admission in the GDM women, and a higher incidence of neonatal LGA in the OGTT‐1 group, relative to control group.
Empathy in health professions education: What works, gaps and areas for improvement
Authors: Samarasekera Dujeepa D. , Lee Shuh Shing , Yeo Jillian H. T. , Yeo Su Ping , Ponnamperuma Gominda 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIntroductionDeveloping a physician equipped with both technical and affective skills is crucial in ensuring quality patient care. Of these skills, nurturing empathy is a key skill that has been studied in great detail, particularly among medical undergraduates. Despite numerous studies trending the changes in empathy, the results are often contradictory or confusing. Our study aims to find what interventions are effective to inculcate empathy in both undergraduate and postgraduate medical education and suggest areas for improvement.MethodsA narrative review was conducted on the interventions in nurturing empathy in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. Original research articles and systematic reviews with clear interventions and outcomes were included in the study.ResultsA total of 44 articles were reviewed. About 44% (n = 18) of the studies used a mixture of different approaches as their interventions. Some interventions were anchored by specific topics: Seven papers focusing on communication skills, three papers on humanities, and three on arts. A majority of the interventions (60%; n = 26) were implemented over a span of time as compared to studies which suggested a one‐off intervention (30%; n = 12). Of the 26 papers in which the interventions were enforced over a period of time, 62% (n = 16) indicated an increase in student empathy whereas 16% (n = 4) indicated no changes in empathy post‐intervention. On the contrary, 50% (n = 6) of the one‐off interventions revealed no significant change in student empathy. Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) is widely used in measuring student empathy postintervention, but approximately 41% of the studies included measuring tools other than JSE.ConclusionsPedagogical methods that invoke thought processes related to the affective domain of learning and experiential learning are more effective than the didactic methods of teaching and learning. Multimodal mixed‐methods approach that combine different pedagogical interventions is more likely to bring about the desired results.
Widespread and transgenerational retrotransposon activation in inter‐ and intraspecies recombinant inbred populations of Lotus japonicus
Authors: Fukai Eigo , Yoshikawa Manabu , Shah Niraj , Sandal Niels , Miyao Akio , Ono Seijiro , Hirakawa Hideki , Akyol Turgut Yigit , Umehara Yosuke , Nonomura Ken‐Ichi , Stougaard Jens , Hirochika Hirohiko , Hayashi Makoto , Sato Shusei , Andersen Stig Uggerhøj , Okazaki Keiichi 
Published: July 2022

SUMMARYTransposable elements (TEs) constitute a large proportion of genomes of multicellular eukaryotes, including flowering plants. TEs are normally maintained in a silenced state and their transpositions rarely occur. Hybridization between distant species has been regarded as a ‘shock’ that stimulates genome reorganization, including TE mobilization. However, whether crosses between genetically close parents that result in viable and fertile offspring can induce TE transpositions has remained unclear. Here, we investigated the activation of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons in three Lotus japonicus recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. We found that at least six LTR retrotransposon families were activated and transposed in 78% of the RILs investigated. LORE1a, one of the transposed LTR retrotransposons, showed transgenerational epigenetic activation, indicating the long‐term effects of epigenetic instability induced by hybridization. Our study highlights TE activation as an unexpectedly common event in plant reproduction.
Establishment of a reference interval for urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio in dogs
Authors: Falus Fruzsina Anna , Vizi Zsuzsanna , Szabó Korinna Éva , Müller Linda , Reiczigel Jenő , Balogh Nándor , Manczur Ferenc 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlbuminuria is an important marker of renal damage and can precede proteinuria; thus, it can be a useful analyte in the early diagnosis of kidney diseases. Albuminuria has also been found in dogs with hypertension, inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic diseases.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to establish a reference interval (RI) for albuminuria in dogs.MethodsOne hundred sixty‐four clinically healthy dogs were enrolled in the study. Urinary albumin was determined by the immunoturbidimetric method, and albumin excretion was expressed as the urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine (UAC) ratio. The RI for UAC was established.ResultsAfter exclusions, 124 dogs from 32 breeds remained. The median UAC of the study population was 3.0 mg/g (range: 0‐48). The RI was defined as 0‐19 mg/g (with a 90% CI for the upper limit of 13‐28 mg/g). No significant difference was found between male and female dogs or between different age and body weight groups. The results of Sighthounds (n = 30) and Beagle dogs (n = 23) did not differ from the other breeds.ConclusionThe canine RI of UAC is similar but somewhat narrower than the human RI.
Codesign approaches involving older adults in the development of electronic healthcare tools: a systematic review
Authors: Cole Amy C , Adapa Karthik , Khasawneh Amro , Richardson Daniel R , Mazur Lukasz 
Published: July 2022

ObjectiveThe primary aim was to review and synthesise the current evidence of how older adults are involved in codesign approaches to develop electronic healthcare tools (EHTs). The secondary aim was to identify how the codesign approaches used mutual learning techniques to benefit older adult participants.DesignSystematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews 2020 checklist.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase and Scopus databases were searched for studies from January 2010 to March 2021.Eligibility criteriaInclusion criteria were studies employing codesign approaches to develop an EHTs, and the study population was aged 60 years and older.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted for analysis and risk of bias. We evaluated the quality of studies using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center approach.ResultsTwenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. All studies used at least two involvement processes, with interviews and prototypes used most frequently. Through cross-classification, we found an increased utilisation of functional prototypes in studies reaching the ‘empower’ level of participation and found that studies which benefitted from mutual learning had a higher utilisation of specific involvement processes such as focus groups and functional prototyping.ConclusionsWe found gaps to support which involvement processes, participation levels and learning models should be employed when codesigning with older adults. This is important because higher levels of participation may increase the user’s knowledge of technology, enhance learning and empower participants. To ensure studies optimise participation and learning of older adults when developing EHTs, there is a need to place more emphasis on the approaches promoting mutual learning.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021240013.
Effects of inulin-type fructans supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Talukdar Jhalok Ronjan , Cooper Matthew Adam , Lyutvyn Lyuba , Zeraatkar Dena , Ali Rahim , Bierbrier Rachel , Janes Sabrina , Ha Vanessa , Darling Pauline B , Sievenpiper John L , Jenkins David J A , Banfield Laura , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , de Souza Russell J 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionThis review aims to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with inulin-type fructans (ITF) compared with no supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults and assess the quality of trial reporting using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and CONSORT for abstract (CONSORT-A) checklists.Methods and analysisWe will search randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Emcare, AMED and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to 31 March 2022, without any language restrictions. The RCTs need to administer ITF in adults for at least 2 weeks and assess effects on at least one cardiovascular risk factor. We will exclude RCTs that (1) assessed the postprandial effects of ITF; (2) included pregnant or lactating participants; (3) enrolled participants undergoing treatment that might affect the response to ITF. We will assess the study risk of bias (RoB) using V.2 of the Cochrane RoB tool for RCTs (RoB 2) and the certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. We will pool data using a random-effects model. We will use the χ2 test to compare compliance of CONSORT and CONSORT-A checklists and Poisson regression to identify factors associated with better reporting.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for secondary analysis of already published data. We will publish the reviews in a peer-review journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019136745.
Deriving and validating a risk prediction model for long COVID-19: protocol for an observational cohort study using linked Scottish data
Authors: Daines Luke , Mulholland Rachel H , Vasileiou Eleftheria , Hammersley Vicky , Weatherill David , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Kerr Steven , Moore Emily , Pesenti Elisa , Quint Jennifer K , Shah Syed Ahmar , Shi Ting , Simpson Colin R , Robertson Chris , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: July 2022

IntroductionCOVID-19 is commonly experienced as an acute illness, yet some people continue to have symptoms that persist for weeks, or months (commonly referred to as ‘long-COVID’). It remains unclear which patients are at highest risk of developing long-COVID. In this protocol, we describe plans to develop a prediction model to identify individuals at risk of developing long-COVID.Methods and analysisWe will use the national Early Pandemic Evaluation and Enhanced Surveillance of COVID-19 (EAVE II) platform, a population-level linked dataset of routine electronic healthcare data from 5.4 million individuals in Scotland. We will identify potential indicators for long-COVID by identifying patterns in primary care data linked to information from out-of-hours general practitioner encounters, accident and emergency visits, hospital admissions, outpatient visits, medication prescribing/dispensing and mortality. We will investigate the potential indicators of long-COVID by performing a matched analysis between those with a positive reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2 infection and two control groups: (1) individuals with at least one negative RT-PCR test and never tested positive; (2) the general population (everyone who did not test positive) of Scotland. Cluster analysis will then be used to determine the final definition of the outcome measure for long-COVID. We will then derive, internally and externally validate a prediction model to identify the epidemiological risk factors associated with long-COVID.Ethics and disseminationThe EAVE II study has obtained approvals from the Research Ethics Committee (reference: 12/SS/0201), and the Public Benefit and Privacy Panel for Health and Social Care (reference: 1920-0279). Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. Understanding the predictors for long-COVID and identifying the patient groups at greatest risk of persisting symptoms will inform future treatments and preventative strategies for long-COVID.