bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Pleurotus citrinopileatus hydrolysates obtained from Actinomucor elegans proteases compared with that by commercial proteases
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Shi Kexin , Han Yaqian , Wang Jianming , Yang Chen , Xu Xu , Li Bingye 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPleurotus citrinopileatus, a nutritious and palatable edible mushroom, can be used as an appropriate material to prepare high‐grade flavoring agents. Based on this, the current study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a productive protease system from Actinomucor elegans to prepare P. citrinopileatus hydrolysate (PCH). The Actinomucor elegans crude protease (AECP) was prepared from the solid‐state fermentation product of P. citrinopileatus by A. elegans. AECP and four commercial proteases (alcalase, neutrase, papain, and protamex) were applied to acquire five kinds of PCHs. The physical‐chemical properties of PCHs as well as its concentration and composition of nonvolatile compounds were comparatively analyzed. Sensory evaluation and electronic tongue analysis were utilized to evaluate sensory characteristics. AECP was found to be the most effective protease, with the highest hydrolysis degree (35.91%) and protein recovery (81.46%). The result of molecular weight distribution indicated that peptides below 500 Da were the main fraction of AECP hydrolysates, while AECP hydrolysates showed the highest content of monosodium glutamate‐like (20.23 ± 0.16 mg/g) and flavor 5′‐nucleotide (4.30 ± 0.07 mg/g) peptides. In summary, the AECP hydrolysate had superior sensory profiles compared with other hydrolysates. In addition, AECP hydrolysates exhibited favorable kokumi taste in which peptides below 500 Da showed the highest correlation with kokumi by the results of partial least‐squares regression. These results indicated the feasibility of applying PCHs as flavor additives or seasoning in the food industry. AECP might be used as an alternative enzyme choice because of its low cost and high hydrolysis efficiency.Practical ApplicationPleurotus citrinopileatus served as a potential raw material for natural seasonings because of its high protein content and appropriate ratio of umami amino acids to total amino acids. Enzymatic hydrolysis was an efficient approach to improve the flavor of P. citrinopileatus, where the choice of enzyme was one of the most critical factors. The research indicated that P. citrinopileatus hydrolysate prepared by A. elegans crude protease (AECP) exhibited an acceptable flavor, which provided theoretical support for the high‐value utilization of P. citrinopileatus as food seasoning. AECP might be applied as an alternative enzyme resource because of its low cost and high hydrolysis efficiency.
Brachial plexus formation in Jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi)
Authors: de Souza Junior Paulo , de Carvalho Natan da Cruz , Medeiros‐do‐Nascimento Renata , Dantas Pedro de Oliveira , Bernardes Fernanda C. S. , Abidu‐Figueiredo Marcelo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPuma yagouaroundi is a wild felid with wide distribution on the American continent. This paper aims to describe the origin and motor distribution of the nerves of the brachial plexus of P. yagouaroundi and compare the findings with the available descriptions for the Carnivora order. Fourteen brachial plexuses of specimens collected dead on highways were dissected (five males and two females). In most cases (57%), the brachial plexus originated from the ventral spinal branches of C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1. The C7 branch was the one that most contributed to the formation of the plexus nerves (57.7%). Among all dissected nerves, 23.6% were unisegmental and 76.4% plurisegmental. The radial nerve was the thickest and innervated the largest number of muscles, while the caudal pectoral nerve showed the most varied formation. Intraspecific polymorphisms occurred in the plexus, although the distribution of the nerves to the muscles had an evident constancy among the individuals. Due to the similarities, locoregional blocking techniques may consider the same anatomical landmarks stipulated for domestic cats. Comparison with the descriptions of other carnivorans allows speculating a polymorphism at the plexus origin, in contrast to the conservative innervation of the muscles in the order Carnivora.
Meta‐analysis: hepatitis B reactivation in patients receiving biological therapy
Authors: El Jamaly Hydar , Eslick Guy D. , Weltman Martin 
Published: August 2022

SummaryBackgroundThe use of biologics poses a moderate to high risk for hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) in chronic carriers.AimTo determine the prevalence of HBVr with TNF alpha inhibitors, ustekinumab and vedolizumabMethodWe followed the MOOSE guidelines and conducted a comprehensive literature search. We conducted a systematic search of EMBASE (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid) and PubMed. The studies included patients who were chronic and occult HBV carriers with various rheumatological, dermatological or gastroenterological conditions. We used a random effects model using pooled estimates (prevalence of HBVr with 95% confidence intervals (CI)).ResultsWe included 29 studies with 1409 patients infected with HBV. The prevalence of HBVr in chronic carriers of HBV was 17.1% (95% CI: 7.0–35.9, n = 5), 16.6% (95% CI: 9.5–27.5%, n = 6), 40.5% (95% CI: 20.3–64.5%, n = 4) and 19.1% (95% CI: 7.3–41.2%, n = 2), respectively, for adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab and ustekinumab. The respective prevalence for reactivation in patients with occult HBV infection was 5.0% (95% CI: 2.8–8.7%, number of studies: n = 18), 2.6% (95% CI: 1.4–4.7%, n = 18), 4.4% (95% CI: 2.2–8.7%, n = 12) and 6.4% (95% CI: 2.2–16.8, n = 5). There were 39 HBVr (26 in chronic HBV and 13 in the occult group) without any hepatic failure or death. In the chronic HBVr group, only three of 24 patients received antiviral prophylaxis.ConclusionsHBVr prevalence rates differ between the chronic carrier state and the occult carrier state. The uptake of prophylactic antiviral therapy in high‐risk groups was low, contrary to clinical practice guidelines.
Bayesian Treatment Screening and Selection Using Subgroup-Specific Utilities of Response and Toxicity
Authors: Lee Juhee , Thall Peter F. , Msaouel Pavlos 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
A Bayesian design is proposed for randomized phase II clinical trials that screen multiple experimental treatments compared to an active control based on ordinal categorical toxicity and response. The underlying model and design account for patient heterogeneity characterized by ordered prognostic subgroups. All decision criteria are subgroup specific, including interim rules for dropping unsafe or ineffective treatments, and criteria for selecting optimal treatments at the end of the trial. The design requires an elicited utility function of the two outcomes that varies with the subgroups. Final treatment selections are based on posterior mean utilities. The methodology is illustrated by a trial of targeted agents for metastatic renal cancer, which motivated the design methodology. In the context of this application, the design is evaluated by computer simulation, including comparison to three designs that conduct separate trials within subgroups, or conduct one trial while ignoring subgroups, or base treatment selection on estimated response rates while ignoring toxicity.
Paroxysmal spinal hemidystonia in neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Gutti Nagendra B. , Kalita Jayantee , Pandey Prakash C. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractParoxysmal dystonia occurs because of genetic or structural lesion in the basal ganglia or thalamus, and there is paucity of reporting in spinal pathology. We report a patient with paroxysmal hemidystonia admitted to a tertiary care hospital, India, and review the literature on spinal dystonia in neuromyelitis optica (NMO). A 19‐year‐old woman presented with recurrent visual loss and quadriparesis. She developed paroxysmal hemidystonia after 18 days of a second episode of quadriplegia, during which her muscle power improved to Grade 3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her spine showed central T2 hyperintensity extending from C2 to C7 vertebral level, and a cranial MRI was normal. Tibial somatosensory evoked potentials were unrecordable. Aquaporin‐4 antibody was positive in serum, confirming the diagnosis of NMO. Paroxysmal hemidystonia responded to carbamazepine 200 mg thrice daily. Paroxysmal dystonia may occur in a patient with myelitis and may respond to carbamazepine.
Two cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults: experience at a single centre in Sydney
Authors: Ko Myung S. , Sullivan Richard P. , Riskallah John , Weatherall Christopher J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe report two cases of middle‐aged men who presented with clinical features that satisfied the diagnostic criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS‐A). Both patients were treated for toxic shock syndrome and MIS‐A and have recovered. The purpose of this article is to communicate our experience and challenges of assessing and treating this condition and to raise awareness of the condition.
Religion, support and self‐care experiences: A qualitative descriptive study with Indonesian adults with the chronic disease living in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Lukman Nurul Akidah , Merry Lisa 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAimTo explore and describe the chronic illness self‐care experiences of Indonesian immigrants living in Montreal, Canada and to gain a better understanding of how religion and support shaped these experiences.DesignQualitative description.MethodsData were collected from January to March 2020 via semi‐structured interviews. Eight men and women participated. The data were thematically analysed.ResultsMajor themes identified were (1) religion, (2) being helpful to others, (3) family support, (4) transnational family support, (5) community support and (6) being in Indonesia versus Canada. Religion and faith were sources of motivation for self‐care and provided guidance and strength to heal and accept the illness, mainly through the practice of prayer. ‘Being helpful to others’ (collectivism), including aiding others to avoid getting sick or giving ‘health tips’, and also just generally taking care of family also contributed to overall well‐being. Spouses were the main source of assistance with disease monitoring and management and health maintenance, whereas support from the Indonesian community was minimal and mostly consisted of informational and social support. Transnational relationships with family members in Indonesia, however, provided an additional means for obtaining emotional support, advice and access to traditional medicines. Overall, there was little expectation that family or the community offer or provide support with self‐care. These low expectations may partially be explained by the different cultural and social contexts in Canada compared with Indonesia.ConclusionReligious, cultural, social and family factors may be carried over from the home country and/or may be altered post‐migration, and this may impact how Indonesian immigrants with chronic illness engage in self‐care.ImpactCultural factors (collectivism, traditional medicines), religious beliefs and support networks, both locally and transnationally should be assessed and considered during care to better support and promote self‐care among immigrants living with chronic diseases.Patient or public contributionTwo Indonesian community organizations facilitated recruitment and data collection.
Between a rock and a hard place: Nurse managers' experiences of large‐scale organizational change in the public health service
Authors: Morrison Vibeke Juul , Jensen Annesofie Lunde 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundNurse managers are often at the forefront of implementing organizational changes. Studies suggest that conflicting pressures and stress are high during such times, though little is known of how nurse managers experience the continuing run of change initiatives.AimsTo explore nurse managers' experience of large‐scale organizational changes and its impact on their working lives and conditions.DesignA qualitative phenomenological hermeneutical study utilizing a Ricœur‐inspired method of interpretation.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 nurse managers at a public sector university hospital that had recently undergone large‐scale organizational changes. Interviews were conducted in 2021 during the covid‐19 pandemic. The analysis is based on the three‐stage Ricœur‐inspired analysis method by Pedersen and Dreyer.ResultsThree themes emerged outlining the nurse managers experiences of large‐scale organizational change: The need for support structures to be incorporated in the change process, The need for a guiding star, and The challenge of the values embedded in the Nurse Manager mindset. These themes were consistent across both predominantly positive as well as mainly negative experiences.ConclusionThis study reveals the potential that receiving support from management, staff and peers has to positively influence the experiences of nurse managers during large‐scale organizational changes. However, lacking a clear vision for the process negatively influences their ability to support high‐level quality care within their wards, potentially increasing their feelings of stress and conflicting pressure.ImpactParticipants offered important insight into the sparsely explored subject of nurse managers' experiences of organizational change, the complexity they face and the potentially high personal costs. The study highlights the detrimental effects of not providing support to all managers in organizations undergoing change, and the parallels to the covid‐19 pandemic.No Patient or Public Contribution was required for this study due to its aim.
Adiponectin gene therapy prevents islet loss after transplantation
Authors: Wang Chengshi , Du Xiaojiong , Fu Fudong , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Zhenghao , Zhou Ye , Gou Liping , Li Wei , Li Juan , Zhang Jiayi , Liao Guangneng , Li Lan , Han Yuan‐Ping , Tong Nanwei , Liu Jingping , Chen Younan , Cheng Jingqiu , Cao Qi , Ilegems Erwin , Lu Yanrong , Zheng Xiaofeng , Berggren Per‐Olof 
Published: August 2022

AbstractSignificant pancreatic islet dysfunction and loss shortly after transplantation to the liver limit the widespread implementation of this procedure in the clinic. Nonimmune factors such as reactive oxygen species and inflammation have been considered as the primary driving force for graft failure. The adipokine adiponectin plays potent roles against inflammation and oxidative stress. Previous studies have demonstrated that systemic administration of adiponectin significantly prevented islet loss and enhanced islet function at post‐transplantation period. In vitro studies indicate that adiponectin protects islets from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, oxidative stress as well as TNF‐α‐induced injury. By applying adenovirus mediated transfection, we now engineered islet cells to express exogenous adiponectin gene prior to islet transplantation. Adenovirus‐mediated adiponectin transfer to a syngeneic suboptimal islet graft transplanted under kidney capsule markedly prevented inflammation, preserved islet graft mass and improved islet transplant outcomes. These results suggest that adenovirus‐mediated adiponectin gene therapy would be a beneficial clinical engineering approach for islet preservation in islet transplantation.
Frailty phenotype as a predictor of bleeding and mortality in ambulatory patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: Candeloro Matteo , Di Nisio Marcello , Potere Nicola , Di Pizio Lorenzo , Secinaro Enzo , De Flaviis Claudia , Federici Camilla , Guglielmi Maria Domenica , Pardi Silvana , Schulman Sam , Porreca Ettore 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLimited prospective data exist about the clinical relevance of frailty in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or venous thromboembolism (VTE) receiving direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether frailty phenotype identifies DOAC‐treated patients at higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes.MethodsConsecutive, adult outpatients treated with DOACs for AF or VTE were prospectively enrolled. Patients were classified as frail, pre‐frail, or non‐frail according to frailty phenotype. Study outcomes were clinically relevant bleeding, including major and clinically relevant non‐major bleeding, arterial and venous thromboembolism, and all‐cause mortality.Results236 patients (median age 78 years, 44% females) were included, of whom 156 (66%) had AF and 80 (34%) VTE. Ninety‐eight (41%) patients were frail, 115 (49%) pre‐frail, and 23 (10%) non‐frail. Inappropriately high or low dose DOAC was used in 33% of frail and in 20% of non‐frail or pre‐frail patients. Over a median follow‐up of 304 days, the incidence of clinically relevant bleeding, thromboembolism, and mortality were 20%, 4%, 9% in frail, and 10%, 3%, and 2% in pre‐frail, respectively, while no study outcome occurred among non‐frail patients. Risk ratios (95% confidence intervals) for these outcomes in frail versus pre‐frail and non‐frail patients were respectively 2.5 (1.8, 3.7), 1.9 (0.9, 4.0), and 6.3 (2.9, 13.6).ConclusionIn a prospective cohort of ambulatory patients receiving DOAC treatment for AF or VTE, frailty phenotype identified patients at higher risk of bleeding and all‐cause mortality. Frailty assessment could be valuable to guide targeted interventions potentially improving patient prognosis.
Demographics and viability of an estuarine community of Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins
Authors: Nicholson Krista , van Aswegen Martin , Loneragan Neil , Bejder Lars 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWildlife management requires reliable demographic information to assess the status of a population and its vulnerability to threats. This study calculated age class‐ and sex‐specific demographic parameters and assessed the viability of a community of Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) resident to the Peel‐Harvey Estuary in Western Australia. Boat‐based photo‐identification surveys (n = 483) were conducted between 2016 and 2019. A population viability analysis (PVA) was used to assess the community status and evaluate the effects of adult female and calf mortality, and reproduction on population growth rate. The community comprised 88 (SD = 4.43) individuals with a sex ratio close to parity in all but the adult age class where it was skewed towards females. Demographic changes in this community are driven by births, deaths, and the likely permanent emigration of juvenile males. No immigration was observed. The population is stable (r = −0.004, SD = 0.062) given the current demographic rates. To maintain a community of ~90 individuals, management should consider action to lower adult female and calf mortality. This should involve aiming for zero human caused mortality and ensuring adverse impacts to the population are considered in future development planning.
The nation of the people: An analysis of Podemos and Five Star Movement's discourse on the nation
Authors: Custodi Jacopo , Padoan Enrico 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis article empirically explores how populist actors talk about the nation. This is a research area mostly tackled in studies on right‐wing populism, with other forms of populist politics usually left out of the analysis. To fill this academic gap, we focus on the Spanish party Podemos and the Italian Five Star Movement (M5S). The former is a paradigmatic example of radical left populism, whereas the latter is commonly considered as a catch‐all populist party with no clear ideological connotation. Through a discourse analysis on leaders' speeches and official public declarations, we focus on the role that national identity plays in the strategies of Podemos and M5S and on the type of nation they discursively construct. Whilst Podemos' populist strategy purposely aims at contending to the right ideologically loaded concepts and signifiers to construct an idea of nation fitting the party's leftist values, M5S's strategy mostly aims at appropriating valence issues, such as the “Made in Italy” brand and the concept of “national interest”. Thus, our analysis contributes to clarify the differences between the leftist political culture of Podemos and the “post‐ideological” one of M5S, as also reflected by survey data confirming strong differences in “nationalist” attitudes between their respective electorates.
Ginsenoside Rb3 inhibits osteoclastogenesis via ERK/NF‐κB signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Sun Minmin , Ji Yaoting , Zhou Shuhui , Chen Rourong , Yao Hantao , Du Minquan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to determine the anti‐osteoclastogenic potential of ginsenoside Rb3 for the treatment of periodontitis.MethodsThe anti‐osteoclastogenic effect was determined using RANKL‐induced RAW264.7 cells and murine bone marrow‐derived macrophages followed by TRAP and phalloidin staining. Expression of osteoclastogenesis‐related genes and proteins were examined by qPCR and WB. Activation of signaling pathways was detected by WB and IHC techniques. Experimental periodontitis rat model was built up by gingival injections of P. gingivalis LPS. After 21 days of Rb3 treatment, rats were sacrificed for micro‐CT, IHC, H&E, and TRAP staining analyses.ResultsRb3 dramatically inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis. Nfatc1, Mmp9, Ctsk, Acp5 mRNA, and MMP9, CTSK proteins were dose‐dependently downregulated by Rb3 pretreatment. WB results revealed that Rb3 suppressed activations of p38 MAPK, ERK, and p65 NF‐κB, and the inhibition of ERK was most pronounced. Consistently, IHC analysis revealed that p‐ERK was highly expressed in alveolar bone surface, blood vessels, odontoblasts, and gingival epithelia, which were notably suppressed by Rb3 treatment. H&E staining and micro‐CT analyses showed that Rb3 significantly attenuated gingivitis and alveolar bone resorption in rats.ConclusionRb3 inhibits RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and attenuates P. gingivalis LPS‐induced gingivitis and alveolar bone resorption in rats via ERK/NF‐κB signaling pathway.
The ZmMYB84‐ZmPKSB regulatory module controls male fertility through modulating anther cuticle—pollen exine trade‐off in maize anthers
Authors: Liu Xinze , Jiang Yilin , Wu Suowei , Wang Jing , Fang Chaowei , Zhang Shaowei , Xie Rongrong , Zhao Lina , An Xueli , Wan Xiangyuan 
Published: August 2022

SummaryAnther cuticle and pollen exine are two crucial lipid layers that ensure normal pollen development and pollen–stigma interaction for successful fertilization and seed production in plants. Their formation processes share certain common pathways of lipid biosynthesis and transport across four anther wall layers. However, molecular mechanism underlying a trade‐off of lipid‐metabolic products to promote the proper formation of the two lipid layers remains elusive. Here, we identified and characterized a maize male‐sterility mutant pksb, which displayed denser anther cuticle but thinner pollen exine as well as delayed tapetal degeneration compared with its wild type. Based on map‐based cloning and CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis, we found that the causal gene (ZmPKSB) of pksb mutant encoded an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐localized polyketide synthase (PKS) with catalytic activities to malonyl‐CoA and midchain‐fatty acyl‐CoA to generate triketide and tetraketide α‐pyrone. A conserved catalytic triad (C171, H320 and N353) was essential for its enzymatic activity. ZmPKSB was specifically expressed in maize anthers from stages S8b to S9‐10 with its peak at S9 and was directly activated by a transcription factor ZmMYB84. Moreover, loss function of ZmMYB84 resulted in denser anther cuticle but thinner pollen exine similar to the pksb mutant. The ZmMYB84‐ZmPKSB regulatory module controlled a trade‐off between anther cuticle and pollen exine formation by altering expression of a series of genes related to biosynthesis and transport of sporopollenin, cutin and wax. These findings provide new insights into the fine‐tuning regulation of lipid‐metabolic balance to precisely promote anther cuticle and pollen exine formation in plants.