bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light-driven single-cell rotational adhesion frequency assay
Authors: Liu Yaoran , Ding Hongru , Li Jingang , Lou Xin , Yang Mingcheng , Zheng Yuebing 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe interaction between cell surface receptors and extracellular ligands is highly related to many physiological processes in living systems. Many techniques have been developed to measure the ligand-receptor binding kinetics at the single-cell level. However, few techniques can measure the physiologically relevant shear binding affinity over a single cell in the clinical environment. Here, we develop a new optical technique, termed single-cell rotational adhesion frequency assay (scRAFA), that mimics in vivo cell adhesion to achieve label-free determination of both homogeneous and heterogeneous binding kinetics of targeted cells at the subcellular level. Moreover, the scRAFA is also applicable to analyze the binding affinities on a single cell in native human biofluids. With its superior performance and general applicability, scRAFA is expected to find applications in study of the spatial organization of cell surface receptors and diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Should antipsychotics be used for the management of agitation and psychosis in dementia?
Authors: Glatzel Hannah 
Published: August 2022

SUMMARYAgitation and psychosis are two common distressing symptoms of dementia. The results of this issue's Cochrane Corner review suggest that, if a pharmacological approach is required, the use of risperidone and other atypical antipsychotics for the purpose of managing these symptoms seems questionable. Furthermore, typical antipsychotics, haloperidol in particular, might have a greater impact on agitation and psychosis than already recognised. This commentary critically appraises the evidence on the efficacy of typical and atypical antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in dementia.
The psychological impact of instrumental activities of daily living on people with simulated age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Macnamara Anne , Coussens Scott , Chen Celia , Schinazi Victor R. , Loetscher Tobias 
Published: August 2022

Background
People with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can report reduced mental health. There is also evidence that they struggle with daily tasks because of vision loss.

Aims
The purpose of this study was to assess the psychological impact of instrumental activities of daily living on people with simulated AMD.

Method
Twenty-four normally sighted participants completed 12 household tasks, in a simulated home environment, under a moderate-to-severe AMD simulation. Participants’ psychological state was measured through self-report questionnaires and physiological measurements related to anxiety and stress. Tasks were completed twice, under counterbalanced vision conditions (normal and simulated AMD).

Results
Linear mixed models on vision condition (normal versus simulated AMD) and trial order (trial 1 versus trial 2) revealed a significant large negative effect of the AMD simulation on time to complete tasks, and the anxiety, task engagement and distress self-reports (all P < 0.024, all ω2 > 0.177). There were also significant medium-large effects of trial order on time, task incompletion, task errors, and the anxiety and task engagement self-reports (all P < 0.047, all ω2 > 0.130), whereby the results improved during the second attempt at the tasks. No physiological measures were significant (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Completing instrumental activities of daily living under an AMD simulation had a negative impact on participants’ self-reported mental state. The observed trial order effects also illuminated how practice with tasks could ease anxiety and stress over time.
Multianalyte Prognostic Signature Including Circulating Tumor DNA and Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chapin William J. , Till Jacob E. , Hwang Wei-Ting , Eads Jennifer R. , Karasic Thomas B. , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Schneider Charles J. , Teitelbaum Ursina R. , Romeo Janae , Black Taylor A. , Christensen Theresa E. , Redlinger Tabery Colleen , Anderson Amanda , Slade Megan , LaRiviere Michael , Yee Stephanie S. , Reiss Kim A. , O'Hara Mark H. , Carpenter Erica L. 
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a poor prognosis. Multianalyte signatures, including liquid biopsy and traditional clinical variables, have shown promise for improving prognostication in other solid tumors but have not yet been rigorously assessed for PDAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) or metastatic PDAC (mPDAC) who were planned to undergo systemic therapy. We collected peripheral blood before systemic therapy and assessed circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA concentration (cfDNA), and circulating tumor KRAS (ctKRAS)–variant allele fraction (VAF). Association of variables with overall survival (OS) was assessed in univariate and multivariate survival analysis, and comparisons were made between models containing liquid biopsy variables combined with traditional clinical prognostic variables versus models containing traditional clinical prognostic variables alone. RESULTS One hundred four patients, 40 with LAPC and 64 with mPDAC, were enrolled. CTCs, cfDNA concentration, and ctKRAS VAF were all significantly higher in patients with mPDAC than patients with LAPC. ctKRAS VAF (cube root; 0.05 unit increments; hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.21; P = .01), and CTCs ≥ 1/mL (hazard ratio, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.34 to 3.69; P = .002) were significantly associated with worse OS in multivariate analysis while cfDNA concentration was not. A model selected by backward selection containing traditional clinical variables plus liquid biopsy variables had better discrimination of OS compared with a model containing traditional clinical variables alone (optimism-corrected Harrell's C-statistic 0.725 v 0.681). CONCLUSION A multianalyte prognostic signature containing CTCs, ctKRAS, and cfDNA concentration outperformed a model containing traditional clinical variables alone suggesting that CTCs, ctKRAS, and cfDNA provide prognostic information complementary to traditional clinical variables in advanced PDAC.
Understanding Pathogenesis Intersects With Effective Treatment for Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Smith Terry J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Context
Thyroid eye disease (TED), a vision-threatening and disfiguring autoimmune process, has thwarted our efforts to understand its pathogenesis and develop effective and safe treatments. Recent scientific advances have facilitated improved treatment options.

Objective
Review historically remote and recent advances in understanding TED.

Design/Setting/Participants
PubMed was scanned using search terms including thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, thyroid eye disease, Graves’ orbitopathy, autoimmune thyroid disease, and orbital inflammation.

Main outcome measures
Strength of scientific evidence, size, scope, and controls of clinical trials/observations.

Results
Glucocorticoid steroids are widely prescribed systemic medical therapy. They can lessen inflammation-related manifestations of TED but fail to reliably reduce proptosis and diplopia, 2 major causes of morbidity. Other current therapies include mycophenolate, rituximab (anti-CD20 B cell-depleting monoclonal antibody), tocilizumab (interleukin-6 receptor antagonist), and teprotumumab (IGF-I receptor inhibitor). Several new therapeutic approaches have been proposed including targeting prostaglandin receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor, mTOR, and cholesterol pathways. Of potentially greater long-term importance are attempts to restore immune tolerance.

Conclusion
Despite their current wide use, steroids may no longer enjoy first-tier status for TED as more effective and better tolerated medical options become available. Multiple current and emerging therapies, the rationales for which are rooted in theoretical and experimental science, promise better options. These include teprotumumab, rituximab, and tocilizumab. Restoration of immune tolerance could ultimately become the most effective and safe medical management for TED.
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein–Associated Disorders
Authors: Longbrake Erin 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Anti–myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) autoantibodies have become a recognized cause of a pathophysiologically distinct group of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune diseases. MOG-associated disorders can easily be confused with other CNS diseases such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica, but they have a distinct clinical phenotype and prognosis.

RECENT FINDINGS
Most patients with MOG-associated disorders exhibit optic neuritis, myelitis, or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) alone, sequentially, or in combination; the disease may be either monophasic or relapsing. Recent case reports have continued to expand the clinical spectrum of disease, and increasingly larger cohort studies have helped clarify its pathophysiology and natural history.

SUMMARY
Anti–MOG-associated disorders comprise a substantial subset of patients previously thought to have other seronegative CNS diseases. Accurate diagnosis is important because the relapse patterns and prognosis for MOG-associated disorders are unique. Immunotherapy appears to successfully mitigate the disease, although not all agents are equally effective. The emerging large-scale data describing the clinical spectrum and natural history of MOG-associated disorders will be foundational for future therapeutic trials.
Pediatric Acquired Demyelinating Disorders
Authors: Brenton J. Nicholas 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article reviews the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of the most common monophasic and relapsing acquired demyelinating disorders presenting in childhood.

RECENT FINDINGS
Our understanding of neuroimmune disorders of the central nervous system is rapidly expanding. Several clinical and paraclinical factors help to inform the diagnosis and ultimately the suspicion for a monophasic versus relapsing course, including the age of the patient (prepubertal versus postpubertal), presence or absence of clinical encephalopathy, identification of serum autoantibodies (eg, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein [MOG] and aquaporin-4), presence of intrathecally unique oligoclonal bands, and location/extent of radiologic abnormalities. Collaborative international research efforts have facilitated understanding of the safety and efficacy of currently available immunotherapies in children with acquired demyelinating disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis.

SUMMARY
Although many of the demyelinating disorders presented in this article can affect children and adults across the age spectrum, the clinical and radiologic phenotypes, treatment considerations, and long-term prognoses are often distinct in children.
Leukodystrophies
Authors: Adang Laura 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article reviews the most common leukodystrophies and is focused on diagnosis, clinical features, and emerging therapeutic options.

RECENT FINDINGS
In the past decade, the recognition of leukodystrophies has exponentially increased, and now this class includes more than 30 distinct disorders. Classically recognized as progressive and fatal disorders affecting young children, it is now understood that leukodystrophies are associated with an increasing spectrum of neurologic trajectories and can affect all ages. Next-generation sequencing and newborn screening allow the opportunity for the recognition of presymptomatic and atypical cases. These new testing opportunities, in combination with growing numbers of natural history studies and clinical consensus guidelines, have helped improve diagnosis and clinical care. Additionally, a more granular understanding of disease outcomes informs clinical trial design and has led to several recent therapeutic advances. This review summarizes the current understanding of the clinical manifestations of disease and treatment options for the most common leukodystrophies.

SUMMARY
As early testing becomes more readily available through next-generation sequencing and newborn screening, neurologists will better understand the true incidence of the leukodystrophies and be able to diagnose children within the therapeutic window. As targeted therapies are developed, it becomes increasingly imperative that this broad spectrum of disorders is recognized and diagnosed. This work summarizes key advances in the leukodystrophy field.
Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Oh Jiwon 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) can be made based on clinical symptoms and signs alone or a combination of clinical and paraclinical features. Diagnostic criteria for MS have evolved over time, and the latest version facilitates earlier diagnosis of MS in those presenting with typical clinical syndromes. This article summarizes the current diagnostic criteria for MS, typical and atypical presentations of MS, and when diagnostic criteria should be applied with caution.

RECENT FINDINGS
The most recent version of the MS diagnostic criteria has the benefits of simplicity and greater sensitivity in comparison to previous iterations. However, misdiagnosis remains a significant issue in MS clinical care, even at MS specialty centers. It is, therefore, evident that careful clinical application of the current version of the diagnostic criteria is necessary and that tools improving the diagnostic accuracy of MS would be of substantial clinical utility. Emerging diagnostic biomarkers that may be useful in this regard, including the central vein sign, paramagnetic rim lesions, and fluid biomarkers, are discussed.

SUMMARY
Current MS diagnostic criteria facilitate the early diagnosis of MS in people presenting with typical clinical syndromes but should be used cautiously in those presenting with atypical syndromes and in special populations. Clinical judgment and existing paraclinical tools, including sequential MRIs of the neuraxis and laboratory tests, are useful in minimizing misdiagnosis and facilitating the accurate diagnosis of MS. Diagnostic biomarkers that may facilitate or refute a diagnosis of MS in these settings, and emerging imaging and fluid biomarkers may eventually become available for use in clinical settings.
Probiotic effect in preterm neonates with sepsis - A systematic review protocol
Authors: Iqbal Faiza , Siva N , Kolibylu Raghupathy Manasa , Edward S Lewis Leslie , Barche Apurv , Purkayastha Jayashree , S Nayak Baby 
Published: August 2022

Background: The microbiota in the intestine is made up of trillions of living bacteria that coexist with the host. Administration of antibiotics during neonatal infection causes depletion of gut flora resulting in gut dysbiosis. Over the last few decades, probiotics have been created and promoted as microbiota management agents to enrich gut flora. Probiotics decrease the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria in the gut of preterm neonates, reducing the frequency of nosocomial infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICUs). Methods: The systematic review will include randomized control trials (RCTs) of premier neonates with sepsis. Studies will be retrieved from global databases like Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL Plus via EBSCO host, MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Ovid, Web of Science, ProQuest Medical Library, Microsoft academic, and DOAJ by utilizing database-specific keywords. Screening, data extraction, and critical appraisal of included research will be carried out separately by two review writers. Findings will be reported in accordance with the PRISMS-P 2020 guidelines. Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review will help to translate the evidence-based information needed to encourage the implementation of potential research output in the field of neonatal intensive care, guide best clinical practise, assist policy making and implementation to prevent gut dysbiosis in neonates with sepsis by summarising and communicating the evidence on the topic. PROSPERO registration number: This systematic review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) on 10th March 2022. The registration number is CRD42022315980.
satuRn: Scalable analysis of differential transcript usage for bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing applications
Authors: Gilis Jeroen , Vitting-Seerup Kristoffer , Van den Berge Koen , Clement Lieven 
Published: August 2022

Alternative splicing produces multiple functional transcripts from a single gene. Dysregulation of splicing is known to be associated with disease and as a hallmark of cancer. Existing tools for differential transcript usage (DTU) analysis either lack in performance, cannot account for complex experimental designs or do not scale to massive single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets. We introducesatuRn, a fast and flexible quasi-binomial generalized linear modelling framework that is on par with the best performing DTU methods from the bulk RNA-seq realm, while providing good false discovery rate control, addressing complex experimental designs, and scaling to scRNA-seq applications.
Mapping accessibility to oral health care in coastal India – A geospatial approach using a geographic information system (GIS)
Authors: Pramod Nayak Prajna , Mitra Soham , Pai Jagadeesha B. , Vasthare Prabhakar Ramprasad , Kshetrimayum Nandita 
Published: August 2022

Background: It is imperative to have a thorough assessment of the existing distribution of oral healthcare facilities and understand potential accessibility when planning for expansion of oral health services. In the present study, an attempt to measure geographic accessibility to oral healthcare, by locating the availability of dental practitioners in the coastal districts of Karnataka state, India using a geographical information system (GIS), has been made. Methods: For the study, data on public and private oral health centres were collected for the three coastal districts of Karnataka state, India. Population and income data were collected, along with geographic attributes (latitudes and longitudes) of the practitioners' addresses. Descriptive statistical analyses and dentist-to-population ratios (D:P) were calculated. Correlation between the number of clinics with population and D:P with per capita income were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Chi-square test applied to analyze any association between D:P and urbanization. Results: Among 340 clinics, 8.5% are public and 91.5% are private clinics catering to a population of 4,704,179. Average D:P for the three coastal districts is 1:13,836. There is an uneven urban-rural distribution of dentists with lower D:P in rural areas. Rural population in four taluks have only one dentist for over a lakh population. Six taluks have only one dentist for every 50000 – 100000 population in rural areas. Six rural areas had only public centers to cater to their oral health. Conclusions: From the study, it is concluded that oral health services were concentrated in areas with higher annual income per-capita, increased urbanization and population density.
How to put plant root uptake into a soil water flow model
Authors: Dong Xuejun 
Published: August 2022

The need for improved crop water use efficiency calls for flexible modeling platforms to implement new ideas in plant root uptake and its regulation mechanisms. This paper documents the details of modifying a soil infiltration and redistribution model to include (a) dynamic root growth, (b) non-uniform root distribution and water uptake, (c) the effect of water stress on plant water uptake, and (d) soil evaporation. The paper also demonstrates strategies of using the modified model to simulate soil water dynamics and plant transpiration considering different sensitivity of plants to soil dryness and different mechanisms of root water uptake. In particular, the flexibility of simulating various degrees of compensated uptake (whereby plants tend to maintain potential transpiration under mild water stress) is emphasized. The paper also describes how to estimate unknown root distribution and rooting depth parameters by the use of a simulation-based searching method. The full documentation of the computer code will allow further applications and new development.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender-based violence and physical violence among women in Peru
Authors: Quispe Antonio M , Vargas Lucía , Sotelo Manuel , Rojas Yalisse G. , Sabaduche Jose , Navarro Cleyber 
Published: August 2022

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is an increasing social problem worldwide, but it has been neglected despite its high relevance to women’s health. In this study, we aim to assess the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impact on GBV incidence in Peruvian, determine the physical violence prevalence and its associated factors among GBV victims. Methods: We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the GBV weekly incidence by fitting an autoregressive integrated moving average model. Additionally, we assessed the physical violence prevalence and its associated factors by fitting a multivariate Poisson regression model with a link log and robust variance. Results: We analyzed 588,587 cases of women victims of GBV and calculated an annual GBV incidence of 518, 714, 958, 596, and 846 cases per 100,000 women during the years 2017-2021, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the observed GBV weekly incidence went significantly below the forecasted GBV weekly incidence since 2021. Overall, most GBV cases were of middle to high-risk (76%), regular (75%), and verbal (82%) violence. Most victims were single (81%), rural (75%), mothers with children (60%), who did not complete high school (54%). Most aggressors were men (81%), paid workers (77%), had completed high school education (63%), and partner of their victims (58%). Around 44% of the victims suffered physical violence and its main associated factors were aggressor’s school education (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.89; 95% confidence interval: 0.88-0.89), aggressor’s age <40 years old (1.30; 1.29-1.30), aggressor’s paid job (0.99; 0.98-0.99), prior violence report (1.27; 1.26-1.27), victim’s age <40 years old (1.23; 1.22-1.24), and victim non-Peruvian citizenship (1.04; 1.01-1.07). Conclusions: GBV is endemic in Peru, but the COVID-19 pandemic reduced its burden significantly in 2020-2021. Several characteristics of the cases, victims, and aggressors have changed over time, offering new opportunities for implementing interventions to address this social problem.