bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing ecosystem service assessments within agribusiness: Challenges and proposed solutions
Authors: Durán América Paz , Smith Matt , Trippier Becky , Godoy Karina , Parra Michel , Lorca Marcelo , Casali Ignacio , Leal Gerardo Rodrigo , Orts‐Agullo Noelia , Rodriguez Arnaldo , Barbosa Olga 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Incorporating the assessment of ecosystem services into land management decisions is increasingly recognized as an opportunity to support sustainable development. This, however, can be particularly challenging within the productive sector, a highly technical system often driven by multi‐level private entities.

Here we present five key challenges, and suggest their corresponding solutions, when promoting the operationalization of ecosystem services within agribusiness. The challenges we developed are as follows: (a) building a common understanding of ecosystem services; (b) navigating strong power dynamics; (c) a highly technical system with diverse types of expertise; (d) limited understanding of the opportunity costs of alternative practices and (e), dealing with uncertainty.

We draw on our experience generated through the Wine, Climate Change and Biodiversity programme, a science‐based initiative promoting the conservation of biodiversity and strategic use of ecosystem services in Chilean vineyards.

Synthesis and applications. This perspective piece provides advice to scientists and practitioners on how to navigate technical and practical challenges when promoting the incorporation of ecosystem services into agricultural management. While the assessment of ecosystem services can be a highly technical process, its successful integration into land management decisions relies on active engagement, balancing expectations and an ability to construct a shared understanding among different stakeholders. The approaches suggested here rely on principles of co‐production and are illustrated with examples that are transferable to other crop and geographical contexts.
A comparison of approaches for including connectivity in systematic conservation planning
Authors: Hanson Jeffrey O. , Vincent Jaimie , Schuster Richard , Fahrig Lenore , Brennan Angela , Martin Amanda E. , Hughes Josie S. , Pither Richard , Bennett Joseph R. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Plans for expanding protected area systems (prioritizations) often aim to facilitate connectivity. To achieve this, many approaches—based on different assumptions and datasets—have been developed. However, little is known about how such approaches influence prioritizations.

We examine eight approaches that aim to promote connectivity in prioritizations. Using Washington State (USA) and its avifauna as a case study, we generated prioritizations that aimed to meet species' representation targets and promote connectivity by (a) maximizing total area; (b) further maximizing species representation; (c) minimizing boundary length; and connecting areas based on (d) minimizing human pressure, (e) minimizing naturalness‐based landscape resistance, (f) minimizing focal species landscape resistance, (g) minimizing habitat heterogeneity and (h) maximizing environmental similarity. We controlled for total expenditure, species' representation, and existing land use policies to enable comparisons among prioritizations. We then used a hierarchical cluster analysis to compare prioritizations, based on which areas they selected. We also evaluated how well each approach facilitated connectivity as measured by the other approaches.

We found that different approaches for promoting connectivity can lead to very different or very similar prioritizations, depending on their underlying assumptions. In particular, the boundary length approach—which is widely used in systematic conservation planning—resulted in a prioritization that was highly dissimilar to all other prioritizations. Surprisingly, approaches based on very different underlying assumptions produced similar prioritizations, such as maximizing total area and minimizing focal species landscape resistance approaches. Moreover, when comparing the prioritizations based on the level of connectivity they could facilitate, we found that none of the prioritizations facilitated a high level of connectivity for all eight approaches.

Synthesis and applications. We recommend carefully considering the assumptions and limitations that underpin approaches for promoting connectivity. Our findings demonstrate that different connectivity approaches can produce marked differences in priorities and, in turn, produce trade‐offs between different approaches. Indeed, despite the ubiquity of the boundary length approach, practitioners might find that other approaches can better achieve conservation objectives. Practitioners can use our methodology for comparing different connectivity approaches to help to navigate trade‐offs among them.
Perceptions of workplace climate and diversity, equity, and inclusion within health services and policy research
Authors: Chantarat Tongtan , Rogers Taylor B. , Mitchell Carmen R. , Ko Michelle J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the perception of professional climate in health services and policy research (HSPR) and efforts to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the HSPR workforce and workplaces.Data SourceWe administered the HSPR Workplace Culture Survey online to health services and policy researchers.Study DesignOur survey examined participants' sociodemographic, educational, and professional backgrounds, their perception on DEI in HSPR, experience with DEI initiatives, feeling of inclusion, and direct and witnessed experiences of discrimination at their institutions/organizations. We calculated sample proportions of responses by gender identity, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and disability status and compared them with Fisher's exact test.Data CollectionWe administered the survey online from July 28 to September 4, 2020. HSPR professionals and trainees aged 18 and older were eligible to participate. Analyses used complete cases only (n = 906; 70.6% completion rate).Principal Findings53.4% of the participants did not believe that the current workforce reflects the diversity of communities impacted by HSPR. Although most participants have witnessed various DEI initiatives at their institutions/organizations, nearly 40% characterized these initiatives as “tokenistic.” Larger proportions of participants who identified as female, LGBQI+, underrepresented racial/ethnic groups, and those with a disability held this perception than their male, heterosexual, White, and non‐disabled counterparts. Current DEI initiatives focused on “planning” activities (e.g., convening task forces) rather than “implementation” activities (e.g., establishing mentoring or network programs). 43.7% of the participants felt supported on their career development, while female, Black, Hispanic/Latino, LGBQI+ participants and those with a disability experienced discrimination at their workplace.ConclusionsDespite an increasing commitment to increasing the diversity of the HSPR workforce and improving equity and inclusion in the HSPR workplace, our results suggest that there is more work to be done to achieve such goals.
The 11 sins of seafood: Assessing a decade of food fraud reports in the global supply chain
Authors: Lawrence Sophie , Elliott Christopher , Huisman Wim , Dean Moira , van Ruth Saskia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDue to complex, valuable, and often extremely opaque supply chains, seafood is a commodity that has experienced a high prevalence of food fraud throughout the entirety of its logistics network. Fraud detection and prevention require an in‐depth understanding of food supply chains and their vulnerabilities and risks so that food business operators, regulators, and other stakeholders can implement practical countermeasures. An analysis of historical criminality within a sector, product, or country is an important component and has not yet been conducted for the seafood sector. This study examines reported seafood fraud incidents from the European Union's Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed, Decernis's Food Fraud Database, HorizonScan, and LexisNexis databases between January 01, 2010 and December 31, 2020. Illegal or unauthorized veterinary residues were found to be the most significant issue of concern, with most reports originating from farmed seafood in Vietnam, China, and India. For internationally traded goods, border inspections revealed a significant frequency of reports with fraudulent or insufficient documentation, indicating that deceptive practices are picked up at import or export but are occurring further down the supply chain. Practices such as species adulteration (excluding veterinary residues), species substitution, fishery substitution, catch method fraud, and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing were less prevalent in the databases than evidenced in the scientific literature. The analysis demonstrates significant differences in outcomes depending on source and underlines a requirement for a standardized and rigorous dataset through which food fraud can be scrutinized to ensure enforcement, as well as industry and research resources are directed accurately.Practical Application: Levels of historic food fraud in a product, sector, supply chain node or geographic location provide an indication of historic criminality, the methods used and the location of reported frauds. This study provides an overview of historic levels of seafood fraud that can be used to inform seafood fraud prevention and mitigation activities by the food industry, regulators and other stakeholders.
Early Influence of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Volunteer Water Monitoring Programs in the United States and Canada
Authors: Stepenuck Kristine F. , Carr Jill 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTVolunteer water monitoring programs generate new scientific knowledge, contribute data to decision‐making processes, and increase social networks, technical knowledge, and skills of participants. Declaration of the COVID‐19 pandemic threatened the ability of these programs to continue to engage volunteers to achieve such outcomes. A national water monitoring network hosted a brainstorming webinar to facilitate communication across programs to identify potential solutions to pandemic‐influenced challenges. Following that webinar, a survey of United States and Canadian volunteer monitoring programs that was conducted about 3 months into the pandemic revealed that 72% of 80 responding programs planned to carry on through the 2020 field season despite most having experienced delayed starts. Other common program modifications implemented in the first months of the pandemic included adding COVID‐19 safety information to program guidance, changing field team composition, monitoring timing and logistics, and adopting new communications strategies. Most programs reported loss or anticipated loss in number of data observations (74%) and volunteers (66%), while 44% reported known or anticipated losses in funding. Seventeen percent of responding programs were able to swiftly develop distance learning tools to train participants, which led to increased program capacity to reach broader audiences.
Phase I study of amrubicin plus cisplatin and concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy for limited‐disease small cell lung cancer: protocol of ACIST study
Authors: Akagi Kazumasa , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Fukuda Minoru , Yamazaki Takuya , Ono Sawana , Tomono Hiromi , Suyama Takayuki , Shimada Midori , Gyotoku Hiroshi , Takemoto Shinnosuke , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Dotsu Yosuke , Senju Hiroaki , Soda Hiroshi , Mizowaki Takashi , Monzen Yoshio , Ikeda Takaya , Nagashima Seiji , Tasaki Yutaro , Nakamura Daisuke , Komiya Kazutoshi , Nakatomi Katsumi , Sasaki Eisuke , Hirakawa Koichi , Mukae Hiroshi 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundEtoposide plus cisplatin (EP) combined with concurrent accelerated hyperfractionated thoracic radiotherapy (AHTRT) is the standard treatment strategy for unresectable limited‐disease (LD) small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which has remained unchanged for over two decades. Based on a previous study that confirmed the non‐inferiority of amrubicin (AMR) plus cisplatin (AP) when compared with EP for extensive‐disease (ED) SCLC, we have previously conducted a phase I study assessing AP with concurrent TRT (2 Gy/time, once daily, 50 Gy in total) for LD‐SCLC therapy. Our findings revealed that AP with concurrent TRT could prolong overall survival to 39.5 months with manageable toxicities. Therefore, we plan to conduct a phase I study to investigate and determine the effect of AP combined with AHTRT, recommended dose (RD), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) of AP in patients with LD‐SCLC.MethodsTreatment‐naive patients with LD‐SCLC, age between 20 and 75 years, who had a performance status of 0 or 1 and adequate organ functions will be enrolled. For chemotherapy, cisplatin 60 mg/m2/day (day 1) and AMR (day 1 to 3) will be administered with AHTRT (1.5 Gy/time, twice daily, 45 Gy in total). The initial AMR dose is set to 25 mg/m2/day. RD and MTD will be determined by evaluating toxicities.DiscussionBased on our previous study, the initial dose of AMR 25 mg/m2 is expected to be tolerated and acceptable. Here, we aim to determine whether treatment with AP and concurrent AHTRT would be an optimal choice with manageable toxicities for LD‐SCLC.
Association of thyroid transcription factor‐1 with the efficacy of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nakahama Kenji , Kaneda Hiroyasu , Osawa Masahiko , Izumi Motohiro , Yoshimoto Naoki , Sugimoto Akira , Nagamine Hiroaki , Ogawa Koichi , Matsumoto Yoshiya , Sawa Kenji , Tani Yoko , Mitsuoka Shigeki , Watanabe Tetsuya , Asai Kazuhisa , Kawaguchi Tomoya 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to identify the relationship between thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) expression of lung adenocarcinoma and the efficacy of immune‐checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter study comprised patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with ICI monotherapy. We collected clinical medical records including data on TTF‐1 expression and analyzed the relationship between TTF‐1 expression and programmed death‐ligand 1 tumor proportion score (PD‐L1 TPS), objective response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsIn total, 108 patients with lung adenocarcinoma were analyzed. The rate of TPS ≥1% and ≥50% in patients with positive TTF‐1 expression was significantly higher than that in patients with negative TTF‐1 expression (88% vs. 60%, p < 0.001; 65% vs. 24%, p < 0.001). The ORR was significantly higher in TTF‐1 positive patients than in TTF‐1‐negative patients (38% vs. 8%, p = 0.003). Among patients with TPS ≥50% and 1%–49%, the ORR in TTF‐1 positive and negative patients was 48% (26/54) versus 17% (1/6) (p = 0.21), and 32% (6/19) versus 11% (1/9) (p = 0.37), respectively. The ORR for patients with TPS <1% was 0% in both the TTF‐1 negative and positive cases. The median PFS and OS was significantly longer in TTF‐1‐positive patients than in TTF‐1‐negative patients (5.4 vs. 1.6 months, p < 0.001; 18.2 vs. 8.0 months, p = 0.041). Multivariate analysis revealed that TTF‐1‐negative status was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for PFS.ConclusionPatients with TTF‐1‐positive status receiving ICI monotherapy showed better outcomes than those with TTF‐1‐negative lung adenocarcinoma.
DAF‐2/insulin IGF‐1 receptor regulates motility during aging by integrating opposite signaling from muscle and neuronal tissues
Authors: Roy Charline , Molin Laurent , Alcolei Allan , Solyga Mathilde , Bonneau Benjamin , Vachon Camille , Bessereau Jean‐Louis , Solari Florence 
Published: July 2022

AbstractDuring aging, preservation of locomotion is generally considered an indicator of sustained good health, in elderlies and in animal models. In Caenorhabditis elegans, mutants of the insulin‐IGF‐1 receptor DAF2/IIRc represent a paradigm of healthy aging, as their increased lifespan is accompanied by a delay in age‐related loss of motility. Here, we investigated the DAF‐2/IIRc‐dependent relationship between longevity and motility using an auxin‐inducible degron to trigger tissue‐specific degradation of endogenous DAF‐2/IIRc. As previously reported, inactivation of DAF‐2/IIRc in neurons or intestine was sufficient to extend the lifespan of worms, whereas depletion in epidermis, germline, or muscle was not. However, neither intestinal nor neuronal depletion of DAF‐2/IIRc prevented the age‐related loss of motility. In 1‐day‐old adults, DAF‐2/IIRc depletion in neurons reduced motility in a DAF‐16/FOXO dependent manner, while muscle depletion had no effect. By contrast, DAF‐2 depletion in the muscle of middle‐age animals improved their motility independently of DAF‐16/FOXO but required UNC‐120/SRF. Yet, neuronal or muscle DAF‐2/IIRc depletion both preserved the mitochondria network in aging muscle. Overall, these results show that the motility pattern of daf‐2 mutants is determined by the sequential and opposing impact of neurons and muscle tissues and can be dissociated from the regulation of the lifespan. This work also provides the characterization of a versatile tool to analyze the tissue‐specific contribution of insulin‐like signaling in integrated phenotypes at the whole organism level.
The Impact of Directors’ Foreign Experience on Environmental Information Disclosure: Evidence from Heavily Polluting Chinese Firms
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Jameel , Tian Gaoliang , Ayaz Muhammad , Zhang Xia 
Published: July 2022

AbstractBased on manually collected data relating to board internationalization, measured as directors' experience gained in developed countries, this paper explores the relationship between directors' foreign experience and the environmental information disclosure of Chinese heavily polluting firms from 2016 to 2019. We find that directors' foreign experience has a significant positive impact on environmental information disclosure. These findings are robust and consistent across various analytical models. In addition, empirical evidence shows that the positive effect of directors' foreign experience on environmental information disclosure is more significant in state‐owned enterprises and firms with foreign ownership. Our research has important implications for policy‐makers and regulators.
Diagnosis and management of allergy and respiratory disorders in sport: An EAACI task force position paper
Authors: Price Oliver J. , Walsted Emil S. , Bonini Matteo , Brannan John D. , Bougault Valérie , Carlsen Kai‐Håkon , Couto Mariana , Kippelen Pascale , Moreira André , Pite Helena , Rukhadze Maia , Hull James H. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractAllergy and respiratory disorders are common in young athletic individuals. In the context of elite sport, it is essential to secure an accurate diagnosis in order to optimize health and performance. It is also important, however, to consider the potential impact or consequences of these disorders, in recreationally active individuals engaging in structured exercise and/or physical activity to maintain health and well‐being across the lifespan. This EAACI Task Force was therefore established, to develop an up‐to‐date, research‐informed position paper, detailing the optimal approach to the diagnosis and management of common exercise‐related allergic and respiratory conditions. The recommendations are informed by a multidisciplinary panel of experts including allergists, pulmonologists, physiologists and sports physicians. The report is structured as a concise, practically focussed document, incorporating diagnostic and treatment algorithms, to provide a source of reference to aid clinical decision‐making. Throughout, we signpost relevant learning resources to consolidate knowledge and understanding and conclude by highlighting future research priorities and unmet needs.
Syncope with QT‐interval prolongation and T‐wave inversion in anterior and inferior leads: Foreboder of a life‐threatening condition?
Authors: Li Jing‐Xiu , Wang Jing , Li Xue‐Qi , Gao Min 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEven though patients with pulmonary embolism usually present with respiratory distress and tachycardia, the patient presented with syncope only. Typical ECG changes associated with PE include right axis deviation, right bundle‐branch block, S1Q3T3 pattern, arrhythmia, nonspecific ST‐segment changes, QR pattern in lead V1, Brugada ECG pattern, and T‐wave inversions in the precordial leads. However, his electrocardiogram showed QT‐interval prolongation and simultaneous T‐wave inversions in the inferior and anterior leads. This ECG pattern is crucial for diagnosing PE. The patient underwent computed tomography‐pulmonary angiography, which revealed pulmonary embolism. At the same time, these ECG changes should be differentiated from those of long QT syndrome, myocardial ischemia, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, post‐pacing T‐wave memory, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
A Cultural Phenomenology of Qigong: Qi Experience and the Learning of a Somatic Mode of Attention
Authors: Lazzarelli Alessandro 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn Chinese body culture, the construct of qi 氣—literally translated as breath or energy—is at the heart of several programs of self‐cultivation, as well as other domains of bodily knowledge related to the subjective and inter‐subjective realm of everyday life. Also, among Chinese societies and communities, discourses on qi have assumed social significance in the milieus of politics, religion, and popular culture. Therefore, it appears to be the case that a concern for the qi experience is significant to both the Chinese sensorium and its sociocultural context. However, while this category is ubiquitous, we are still left with the question of how people learn, elaborate, and make sense of it. By drawing from an in‐depth ethnographic study of a group of neidan qigong 內丹氣功 practitioners in Taipei, Taiwan, the aim of this article is twofold. To a greater extent, it investigates what role qigong, a mind‐body practice to cultivate and balance the vital energy, plays in the individual learning, elaboration, and understanding of the qi sensory experience. To a lesser extent, it considers this case study in the broader sociocultural context, in order to demonstrate that a first‐person approach to the qi experience can contribute to understanding the dynamics between embodied learning, consciousness, and society.
Neuro‐plastic Shamanism? Towards a Political Ontology of Whiteness and the Psychedelic Zeitgeist
Authors: Keel Mat 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper argues for reorienting our investigation of the psychedelic zeitgeist towards the longitudinal history of psychedelia with a committed attention to its relationship to colonialism. It demonstrates that clinical psychedelic medicine appears to sustain the reproduction of modern colonial whiteness in line with Elizabeth Povinelli’s theorization of late liberalism. It also challenges the notion of a restricted or segregated academic area for psychedelic studies. Instead, it is imperative to place discussions of contemporary plant medicine in line with broader contemporary discussions in cultural anthropology around political ontology and decoloniality. This paper attempts to demonstrate that doing so may challenge our understanding of whiteness—reinterpreting it—by recourse to the history of the psychedelic counterculture, as a form of complex trauma, and thus potentially demonstrating new implications for decoloniality and its praxis.