bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy to the prostate for men with metastatic prostate cancer in the UK and Switzerland: Long-term results from the STAMPEDE randomised controlled trial
Authors: Parker Chris C. , James Nicholas D. , Brawley Christopher D. , Clarke Noel W. , Ali Adnan , Amos Claire L. , Attard Gerhardt , Chowdhury Simon , Cook Adrian , Cross William , Dearnaley David P. , Douis Hassan , Gilbert Duncan C. , Gilson Clare , Gillessen Silke , Hoyle Alex , Jones Rob J. , Langley Ruth E. , Malik Zafar I. , Mason Malcolm D. , Matheson David , Millman Robin , Rauchenberger Mary , Rush Hannah , Russell J Martin , Sweeney Hannah , Bahl Amit , Birtle Alison , Capaldi Lisa , Din Omar , Ford Daniel , Gale Joanna , Henry Ann , Hoskin Peter , Kagzi Mohammed , Lydon Anna , O’Sullivan Joe M. , Paisey Sangeeta A. , Parikh Omi , Pudney Delia , Ramani Vijay , Robson Peter , Srihari Narayanan Nair , Tanguay Jacob , Parmar Mahesh K. B. , Sydes Matthew R. ,   for the STAMPEDE Trial Collaborative Group
Published: June 2022

Background
STAMPEDE has previously reported that radiotherapy (RT) to the prostate improved overall survival (OS) for patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer with low metastatic burden, but not those with high-burden disease. In this final analysis, we report long-term findings on the primary outcome measure of OS and on the secondary outcome measures of symptomatic local events, RT toxicity events, and quality of life (QoL).

Methods and findings
Patients were randomised at secondary care sites in the United Kingdom and Switzerland between January 2013 and September 2016, with 1:1 stratified allocation: 1,029 to standard of care (SOC) and 1,032 to SOC+RT. No masking of the treatment allocation was employed. A total of 1,939 had metastatic burden classifiable, with 42% low burden and 58% high burden, balanced by treatment allocation. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses used Cox regression and flexible parametric models (FPMs), adjusted for stratification factors age, nodal involvement, the World Health Organization (WHO) performance status, regular aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, and planned docetaxel use. QoL in the first 2 years on trial was assessed using prospectively collected patient responses to QLQ-30 questionnaire.
Patients were followed for a median of 61.3 months. Prostate RT improved OS in patients with low, but not high, metastatic burden (respectively: 202 deaths in SOC versus 156 in SOC+RT, hazard ratio (HR) = 0·64, 95% CI 0.52, 0.79, p < 0.001; 375 SOC versus 386 SOC+RT, HR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.96, 1.28, p = 0·164; interaction p < 0.001). No evidence of difference in time to symptomatic local events was found. There was no evidence of difference in Global QoL or QLQ-30 Summary Score. Long-term urinary toxicity of grade 3 or worse was reported for 10 SOC and 10 SOC+RT; long-term bowel toxicity of grade 3 or worse was reported for 15 and 11, respectively.

Conclusions
Prostate RT improves OS, without detriment in QoL, in men with low-burden, newly diagnosed, metastatic prostate cancer, indicating that it should be recommended as a SOC.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00268476, ISRCTN.com ISRCTN78818544.
Increased airway resistance can be related to the decrease in the functional capacity in obese women
Authors: Perossi Larissa , Holtz Mayara , Santos Daniele Oliveira dos , Perossi Jéssica , Souza Hugo Celso Dutra de , Salgado Junior Wilson , Gastaldi Ada Clarice 
Published: June 2022

Background and objective
Obesity can increase the airways resistance, mainly in the periphery, leading to dyspnea perception that can impair the functional capacity. This study aimed to analyze if airways resistance could be related to the walking capacity of women with morbid obesity.

Methods
Thirty-seven women with grade III obesity in preoperative bariatric surgery were evaluated using the spirometry test, impulse oscillometry system (IOS), and six-minute walk test (6MWT). Additionally, data about their daily dyspnea perception and physical activity level were collected.

Results
Variables of the spirometry test did not detect ventilator disorders. Compared to the predicted values, the IOS identified significant increase in airways resistance (kPa/L/s) (R5: 0.36 (0.34; 0.36) and 0.53 (0.47; 0.61); R20: 0.30 (0.28; 0.30) and 0.41 (0.35; 0.45); R5-20: 0.06 (0.06; 0.06) and 0.14 (0.10; 0.15); X5: -0.03 (-0.04; -0.01) and -0.20 (-0.27; -0.18), respectively). The distance walked in the 6MWT, 491.4±60.4m was significantly correlated to R5 (rho = -0.41, p = 0.01), R5-20 (rho = -0.52, p = 0.001), and X5 (rho = 0.54, p = 0.0006).

Conclusion
The IOS is able to identify changes in airway resistance even before the onset of symptoms. When evaluated by IOS women with severe obesity and normal spirometry exhibited central and peripheral airways obstruction. The correlations between the IOS and six-minute walk distance suggest that increased peripheral airways resistance could be related to worsening functional capacity.
Auxology of small samples: A method to describe child growth when restrictions prevent surveys
Authors: Henneberg Maciej , Żądzińska Elżbieta 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundChild growth in populations is commonly characterised by cross-sectional surveys. These require data collection from large samples of individuals across age ranges spanning 1–20 years. Such surveys are expensive and impossible in restrictive situations, such as, e.g. the COVID pandemic or limited size of isolated communities. A method allowing description of child growth based on small samples is needed.MethodsSmall samples of data (N~50) for boys and girls 6–20 years old from different socio-economic situations in Africa and Europe were randomly extracted from surveys of thousands of children. Data included arm circumference, hip width, grip strength, height and weight. Polynomial regressions of these measurements on age were explored.FindingsPolynomial curves based on small samples correlated well (r = 0.97 to 1.00) with results of surveys of thousands of children from same communities and correctly reflected sexual dimorphism and socio-economic differences.ConclusionsFitting of curvilinear regressions to small data samples allows expeditious assessment of child growth in a number of characteristics when situations change rapidly, resources are limited and access to children is restricted.
A qualitative photo-elicitation study exploring the impact of falls and fall risk on individuals with subacute spinal cord injury
Authors: Habib Perez Olinda D. , Martin Samantha , Chan Katherine , Singh Hardeep , Yoshida Karen K. , Musselman Kristin E. 
Published: June 2022

Background
Individuals living with chronic spinal cord injury or disease (SCI/D) are at an increased risk of falling. However, little is known about the impact of falls and fall risk in the subacute phase of SCI/D, despite this being a time when fall prevention initiatives are delivered. Hence, we explored the impact of falls and fall risk in individuals with subacute SCI/D as they transitioned from inpatient rehabilitation to community living.

Methods
This qualitative photo-elicitation study used an inductive thematic analysis. Eight individuals (7 male) undergoing inpatient rehabilitation at a Canadian tertiary rehabilitation hospital due to a new SCI/D participated. Six months following discharge, photo-elicitation interviewing was used to understand the impact of falls and fall risk. Over 7–14 days, participants completed a photo-assignment that involved taking photographs in response to questions, such as what increases/decreases your likelihood of falling? A semi-structured interview followed, in which participants described their photographs and discussed their experiences with falls, fall risk and fall prevention training.

Results
Four themes were identified. 1) Risk factors and strategies identified through lived experience. Participants discovered their fall risk factors and fall prevention strategies through “trial and error”. 2) Influences on the individual’s perception of their fall risk. Prior experience with falls, including falls experienced by themselves as well as friends and family, influenced their perception of fall risk. 3) Experiencing life differently due to increased fall risk. A high fall risk reduced participation, increased negative emotions and decreased independence and quality of life. 4) Falls training in rehabilitation can be improved. Prior experiences with falls training varied; however, participants expressed a desire for comprehensive and individualized training.

Conclusion
Although participants’ experiences with falls and fall prevention varied, falls and the risk of falling can have a significant impact on the first year of living with a SCI/D.
AFRO-TERRITORIALIDADE: UMA PERSPECTIVA GEOGRÁFICA AFROCENTRADA PARA COMPREENDER AS DINÂMICAS TERRITORIAIS DOS TERREIROS DE CANDOMBLÉ
Authors: Melo Emerson 
Published: June 2022

A reflexão aqui encaminhada tem como característica propositiva apresentar a afro-territorialidade como uma perspectiva teórico-conceitual geográfica que possibilita compreender as dinâmicas territoriais dos terreiros de candomblé a partir de uma crítica afrocentrada. Trata-se de uma perspectiva analítica que coloca em evidência os princípios e valores das tradições afrorreligiosas como elementos essenciais para constituição de suas próprias territorialidades - organização socioespacial que rompe com a lógica das tradições hegemônicas. Para tanto, este estudo foi elaborado a partir da intersecção e orientação de eixos investigativos afrocentrados alinhados aos pressupostos teóricos que sustentam o conceito de territorialidade, os quais nos possíbilitou identificar a afro-territorialidade como um constructo cultural, inerente às tradições de luta e resistência do agente negro em sua forma de uso e apropriação do espaço. Sob esta perspectiva, foi possível identificar/classificar o terreiro de candomblé como um território cultural, constituído a partir de um conjunto de valores mítico-filosóficos que nutrem às essências dos signos e símbolos que o constitue, ao mesmo tempo que estabelece as regras de comportamentos sociais dos membros que com ele se relacionam; tanto nos diferentes espaços/lugares de culto dispostos no interior dos terreiros, como naqueles que se estendem para além dele.
Cronologia das obras lógicas de Aristóteles
Authors: Alcoforado Paulo 
Published: June 2022

Resumo: Uma questão que sempre preocupou os historiadores do pensamento aristotélico é a que diz respeito à data de redação de suas diversas obras. O desenvolvimento deste tema tornou-se conhecido tradicionalmente sob a designação de cronologia das obras aristotélicas. Aqui, é de nosso interesse investigar apenas a cronologia de seus escritos lógicos, vale dizer, a cronologia dos livros que constituem o Órganon.

Abstract: One of the questions over which historians of Aristotelian thought have been focusing most of their attention is that which concerns to the dates along which Aristotle wrote his works. Approaching this issue became a tradition under Aristotelian studies, known as the cronology of Aristotelian works. Our interest here is limited to an inquiry into the cronology of Aristotelian logical writtings, namely, the cronology for the books that comprise the Organon.
Multi-omics analysis from archival neonatal dried blood spots: limitations and opportunities
Authors: Zhuang Yuan-Jessica , Mangwiro Yeukai , Wake Melissa , Saffery Richard , Greaves Ronda F. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) programs operate in many countries, processing millions of dried bloodspot (DBS) samples annually. In addition to early identification of various adverse health outcomes, these samples have considerable potential as a resource for population-based research that could address key questions related to child health. The feasibility of archival DBS samples for emerging targeted and untargeted multi-omics analysis has not been previously explored in the literature. This review aims to critically evaluate the latest advances to identify opportunities and challenges of applying omics analyses to NBS cards in a research setting. Medline, Embase and PubMed databases were searched to identify studies utilizing DBS for genomic, proteomic and metabolomic assays. A total of 800 records were identified after removing duplicates, of which 23 records were included in this review. These papers consisted of one combined genomic/metabolomic, four genomic, three epigenomic, four proteomic and 11 metabolomic studies. Together they demonstrate that the increasing sensitivity of multi-omic analytical techniques makes the broad use of NBS samples achievable for large cohort studies. Maintaining the pre-analytical integrity of the DBS sample through storage at temperatures below −20 °C will enable this important resource to be fully realized in a research capacity.
Global stability dynamics and sensitivity assessment of COVID-19 with timely-delayed diagnosis in Ghana
Authors: Moore Stephen E. , Nyandjo-Bamen Hetsron L. , Menoukeu-Pamen Olivier , Asamoah Joshua Kiddy K. , Jin Zhen 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we study the dynamical effects of timely and delayed diagnosis on the spread of COVID-19 in Ghana during its initial phase by using reported data from March 12 to June 19, 2020. The estimated basic reproduction number, ℛ0, for the proposed model is 1.04. One of the main focus of this study is global stability results. Theoretically and numerically, we show that the disease persistence depends on ℛ0. We carry out a local and global sensitivity analysis. The local sensitivity analysis shows that the most positive sensitive parameter is the recruitment rate, followed by the relative transmissibility rate from the infectious with delayed diagnosis to the susceptible individuals. And that the most negative sensitive parameters are: self-quarantined, waiting time of the infectious for delayed diagnosis and the proportion of the infectious with timely diagnosis. The global sensitivity analysis using the partial rank correlation coefficient confirms the directional flow of the local sensitivity analysis. For public health benefit, our analysis suggests that, a reduction in the inflow of new individuals into the country or a reduction in the inter community inflow of individuals will reduce the basic reproduction number and thereby reduce the number of secondary infections (multiple peaks of the infection). Other recommendations for controlling the disease from the proposed model are provided in Section 7.
How insight contributes to diagnostic excellence
Authors: Shimizu Taro , Graber Mark 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In the quest to improve diagnosis, a great deal of attention has already been focused on how to optimize clinical reasoning, and the importance of System 1 and System 2 processing. In this essay we consider the role of ‘insight’, a relatively overlooked pathway for arriving at the correct diagnosis. Insight refers to spontaneous emergence of the correct answer at some later point in time. We discuss factors that might facilitate insight, and how these could be incorporated into the diagnostic process.
Novel homozygous inactivating mutation in the luteinizing hormone receptor gene (LHCGR) associated with 46, XY DSD in a Moroccan family
Authors: Alla Achwak , Ongoth Farel Elilie Mawa , Tahiri Abir , Karrou Marouan , Rouf Siham , Benhaddou Houssain , Kamaoui Imane , Mcelreavey Kenneth , Latrech Hanane 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
We present the first cases of two male brothers with Leydig cell hypoplasia secondary to a novel mutation in the LHCGR gene that has never been described before.

Case presentation
We report the case of two brothers with Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) type II caused by novel homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHCGR gene, located in exon 10 in c 947 position. The two patients presented at 11 years 7 months and 1 year 6 months, respectively, with abnormal sexual development, micropenis and cryptorchidism. Genetic analysis revealed a homozygous deletion of approximately 4 bp encompassing exon 10 of the LHR gene in the two brothers indicating autosomal recessive inheritance. An hCG stimulation test induced testosterone secretion within the normal range. Subsequently, a treatment with enanthate of testosterone was started, with an increase in the length of the penis.

Conclusions
Leydig cell hypoplasia is a rare form of disorder of sex development. We report the occurrence of a new mutation of the LHCGR gene in two Moroccan brothers in whom the clinical features and the molecular diagnosis were correlated.
Urinary phthalate concentrations are associated with total fat mass in Thai children
Authors: Nakaviroj Ekkachai , Aroonparkmongkol Suphab , Kunjan Supaksorn , Sarutipaisarn Nutcha , Supornsilchai Vichit 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Phthalate is one of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals found in many daily consumer products. Chronic exposure to phthalate may associate with obesity and metabolic abnormalities. However, there is limited information showing a direct relationship between phthalate and body compositions. The aim of the study was to determine the association between urinary phthalate concentration and body composition measure among Thai children.

Methods
A cross-sectional analytic study on urinary phthalate concentrations and body composition in elementary school children, aged 6–13 years in Bangkok, was conducted during October 2019 to 2020. Urinary phthalate metabolites; (mono-methyl phthalate-MMP, mono-ethyl phthalate- MEP, mono-buthyl phthalate-MBP, and mono-ethylhexyl phthalate-MEHP), in early morning spot urine samples were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) with a quantitation limit of 1 ng/mL. Phthalate exposures were identified through questionnaires. Body composition was measured by Tanita BC-418®. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine significant associations.

Results
A total of 364 children were enrolled in the study (boy 51.4%). After adjusting for confounders (sex, caregiver educations, family income, BMI-SDS: Body mass index-standard deviation score, TV watching, and exercise frequency), total urinary phthalate concentrations were associated with fat mass 8.24 (0.94, 15.53), trunk percent fat 7.69 (3.26, 12.12), arm percent fat 3.69 (0.47, 6.91), arm fat mass 72.88 (1.08, 144.67), and leg fat mass 17.79 (2.37, 33.22).

Conclusions
Higher urinary phthalate concentrations were significantly associated with elevated total fat mass among Thai school-aged children. These findings were not mediated through the degree of obesity defined by BMI. These finding emphasized to be careful when being use phthalate-containing products.
Stillbirth occurrence during COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based prospective study
Authors: Salerno Cristina , Donno Valeria , Melis Beatrice , Perrone Enrica , Menichini Daniela , Facchinetti Fabio , Monari Francesca 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Data collected worldwide on stillbirth (SB) rates during the Covid-19 pandemic are contradictory. Variations may be due to methodological differences or population characteristics. The aim of the study is to assess the changes in SB rate, risk factors, causes of death and quality of antenatal care during the pandemic compared to the control periods.

Methods
This prospective study is based on the information collected by the Emilia-Romagna Surveillance system database. We conducted a descriptive analysis of SB rate, risk factors, causes of death and quality of cares, comparing data of the pandemic (March 2020–June 2021) with the 16 months before.

Results
During the pandemic, the SB rate was 3.45/1,000 births, a value in line with the rates of previous control periods. Neonatal weight >90th centile was the only risk factor for SB that significantly changed during the pandemic (2.2% vs. 8.0%; p-value: 0.024). No significant differences were found in the distribution of the causes of death groups. Concerning quality of antenatal cares, cases evaluated with suboptimal care (5.2%) did not change significantly compared to the control period (12.0%), as well as the cases with less than recommended obstetric (12.6% vs. 14%) and ultrasound evaluations (0% vs. 2.7%).

Conclusions
During the COVID-19 pandemic, no significant differences in SB rates were found in an area that maintained an adequate level of antenatal care. Thus, eventual associations between SB rate and the COVID-19 infection are explained by an indirect impact of the virus, rather than its direct effect.
Los preparativos para la visita de Adriano a Hispania
Authors: González-Conde Puente Maria Pilar 
Published: June 2022

ResumenEn el año 2022 se celebra el 1900 aniversario de la visita del emperador Adriano a Hispania. La bibliografía científica ya ha estudiado este acontecimiento, aclarando muchos de los sucesos, la identidad de algunos de los personajes que pudieron venir con el Príncipe y las actuaciones de éste en la península Ibérica. En algunos casos, los testimonios conocidos no permiten una datación que los sitúe durante la presencia imperial en el territorio. Quedan también algunas incógnitas, como el verdadero recorrido de su viaje. Este trabajo tiene un doble objetivo: hacer un estado de la cuestión sobre la visita e identificar los preparativos que se hicieron en Hispania ante el anuncio de un viaje de Adriano. Las iniciativas parecen haber afectado a las tres provincias, que se habrían preparado para la estancia o incluso para el posible paso de la comitiva por sus territorios, aunque en muchos casos esto no llegara a ocurrir.
The Destruction of the Serapeum of Alexandria, Its Library, and the Immediate Reactions
Authors: Rohmann Dirk 
Published: June 2022

SummaryThe fate of the Serapeum and especially of its library is still a hotly-debated topic. The present paper aims to provide a consistent reading of the extant source evidence. Christian authors, such as Tertullian, Epiphanius of Salamis, and John Chrysostom, acknowledge that the Septuagint bible translation was moved from the original royal library to the Serapeum by the end of the second century A.D. This could be because the Serapeum had become Alexandria’s main library after the temple was rebuilt following a fire in 181 A.D. Writing in the early fifth century, Orosius is our most important witness that the Christian mob destroyed not only the temple building, but also the library and that this library was the successor of the original Ptolemaic library. There are several other possible allusions to the destruction of the library, for example, in sermons delivered by John Chrysostom in the 390s. This article also argues that Ammianus Marcellinus, Aphthonius, and Epiphanius of Salamis were aware of the destruction of the library when they wrote their descriptions of the Serapeum probably not before 391. Taken together, these sources illuminate the ways in which events of such magnitude broke very quickly in various parts of the Roman empire. Nevertheless, some authors, especially the pagan ones, were hesitant to refer to the destruction other than in allusive and muted ways, probably because of the heated religious atmosphere in the immediate aftermath.