bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of cross-azole tolerance and aneuploidy inCandida albicansstrains evolved to posaconazole
Authors: Kukurudz Rebekah J. , Chapel Madison , Wonitowy Quinn , Bukari Abdul-Rahman Adamu , Sidney Brooke , Sierhuis Riley , Gerstein Aleeza C. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTA number ofin vitrostudies have examined the acquisition of drug resistance to the triazole fluconazole, a first-line treatment for many Candida infections. Much less is known about posaconazole, a newer triazole. We conducted the firstin vitroexperimental evolution of replicates from eight diverse strains ofC. albicansin a high level of the fungistatic drug posaconazole. Approximately half of the 132 evolved replicates survived 50 generations of evolution, biased towards some of the strain backgrounds. We found that although increases in drug resistance were rare, increases in drug tolerance (the slow growth of a subpopulation of cells in a level of drug above the resistance level) were common across strains. We also found that adaptation to posaconazole resulted in widespread cross-tolerance to other azole drugs. Widespread aneuploidy variation was also observed in evolved replicates from some strain backgrounds. Trisomy of chromosomes 3, 6, and R was identified in 11 of 12 whole-genome sequenced evolved SC5314 replicates. These findings document rampant evolved cross-tolerance among triazoles and highlight that increases in drug tolerance can evolve independently of drug resistance in a diversity ofC. albicansstrain backgrounds.
Extracellular ATP plays an important role in systemic wound response activation
Authors: Myers Ronald J , Fichman Yosef , Stacey Gary , Mittler Ron 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTMechanical wounding occurs in plants during biotic (e.g., herbivore or pathogen attack) or abiotic (e.g., wind damage or freezing) stresses and is associated with the activation of multiple signaling pathways. These initiate many wound responses at the wounded tissues, as well as trigger long-distance signaling pathways that activate wound responses in tissues that were not affected by the initial wounding event (termed ‘systemic wound response’). Among the different systemic signals activated by wounding are electric signals, calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) waves, and different plant hormones such as jasmonic acid. The release of glutamate from cells at the wounded tissues was recently proposed to trigger several different systemic signal transduction pathways via glutamate-like receptors (GLRs). However, the role of another important compound released from cells during wounding (i.e., extracellular ATP; eATP) in triggering systemic responses is not clear. Here we show that eATP that accumulates in wounded leaves and is sensed by the purinoreceptor kinase P2K is required for the activation of the ROS wave during wounding. Application of eATP to unwounded leaves triggered the ROS wave, and the activation of the ROS wave by wounding or eATP application was suppressed in mutants deficient in P2K (i.e., p2k1-3, p2k2, and p2k1-3p2k2). In addition, the expression of several systemic wound response transcripts was suppressed in mutants deficient in P2K during wounding. Our findings reveal that in addition to sensing glutamate via GLRs, eATP sensed by P2Ks is playing a key role in the triggering of systemic wound responses in plants.One sentence summaryExtracellular ATP plays an important role in triggering the ROS wave and systemic transcriptomics responses during wounding.
Supervised dimensionality reduction for exploration of single-cell data by Hybrid Subset Selection - Linear Discriminant Analysis
Authors: Amouzgar Meelad , Glass David R. , Baskar Reema , Averbukh Inna , Kimmey Samuel C. , Tsai Albert G. , Hartmann Felix J. , Bendall Sean C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSingle-cell technologies generate large, high-dimensional datasets encompassing a diversity of omics. Dimensionality reduction enables visualization of data by representing cells in two-dimensional plots that capture the structure and heterogeneity of the original dataset. Visualizations contribute to human understanding of data and are useful for guiding both quantitative and qualitative analysis of cellular relationships. Existing algorithms are typically unsupervised, utilizing only measured features to generate manifolds, disregarding known biological labels such as cell type or experimental timepoint. Here, we repurpose the classification algorithm, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), for supervised dimensionality reduction of single-cell data. LDA identifies linear combinations of predictors that optimally separate a priori classes, enabling users to tailor visualizations to separate specific aspects of cellular heterogeneity. We implement feature selection by hybrid subset selection (HSS) and demonstrate that this flexible, computationally-efficient approach generates non-stochastic, interpretable axes amenable to diverse biological processes, such as differentiation over time and cell cycle. We benchmark HSS-LDA against several popular dimensionality reduction algorithms and illustrate its utility and versatility for exploration of single-cell mass cytometry, transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility data.
Concurrent fMRI demonstrates propagation of TMS effects across task-related networks
Authors: Deng Lifu , Gamboa Olga Lucia , Dannhauer Moritz , Jonnalagadda Anshu , Hamdan Rena , Crowell Courtney , Worth Tory , Peterchev Angel V. , Sommer Marc A. , Cabeza Roberto , Appelbaum Lawrence G. , Davis Simon W. 
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has become an important technique in both scientific and clinical practices, and yet our understanding of how the brain responds to TMS is still limited. Concurrent neuroimaging during TMS may bridge this gap, and emerging evidence suggests widespread that modulatory effects of TMS may be best captured through changes in functional connectivity between distributed networks, rather than local changes in cortical activity. However, the relationship between TMS stimulation parameters and evoked changes in functional connectivity is unknown. In this study, 24 healthy volunteers received concurrent TMS-fMRI while performing a dot-motion direction discrimination task. An MR-compatible coil was used to apply trains of three pulses at 10 Hz rTMS over the primary visual cortex (V1) at the onset of the dot stimuli with four levels of stimulation intensity (20%, 40%, 80%, and 120% of resting motor threshold, RMT). Behavioral results demonstrated impairment of motion discrimination at 80% RMT. FMRI results yielded three findings. First, functional connectivity between visual and non-visual areas increased as a function of rTMS intensity. Second, connectivitywithinthe visual network was positively associated with motion accuracy, while the connectivitybetweenvisual and non-visual regions was negatively associated with motion accuracy. Lastly, we found that reductions in the similarity between functional and structural connectivity associated with increasing TMS intensity were constrained to the visual network. These findings demonstrate spatially dependent nonlinear effects of TMS intensity on brain functional connectivity that proceed beyond the site of stimulation and influence associated behavior.
Development, validation, and evaluation of prediction models to identify individuals at high risk of lung cancer for screening in the English primary care population using the QResearch® database: research protocol and statistical analysis plan
Authors: Liao Weiqi , Burchardt Judith , Coupland Carol , Gleeson Fergus , Hippisley-Cox Julia ,   DART initiative (WP6)
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackground and research aimLung cancer is a research priority in the UK. Early diagnosis of lung cancer can improve patients’ survival outcomes. The DART-QResearch project is part of a larger academic-industrial collaborative initiative, using big data and artificial intelligence to improve patient outcomes with thoracic diseases. There are two general research aims in the DART-QResearch project: (1) to understand the natural history of lung cancer, (2) to develop, validate, and evaluate risk prediction models to select patients at high risk for lung cancer screening.MethodsThis population-based cohort study uses the QResearch® database (version 45) and includes patients aged between 25 and 84 years old and without a diagnosis of lung cancer at cohort entry (study period: 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2020). The team conducted a literature review (with additional clinical input) to inform the inclusion of variables for data extraction from the QResearch database. The following statistical techniques will be used for different research objectives, including descriptive statistics, multi-level modelling, multiple imputation for missing data, fractional polynomials to explore non-linear relationships between continuous variables and the outcome, and Cox regression for the prediction model. We will update our QCancer (lung, 10-year risk) algorithm, and compare it with the other two mainstream models (LLP and PLCOM2012) for lung cancer screening using the same dataset. We will evaluate the discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the prediction models, and recommend the best one for lung cancer screening for the English primary care population.DiscussionThe DART-QResearch project focuses on both symptomatic presentation and asymptomatic patients in the lung cancer care pathway. A better understanding of the patterns, trajectories, and phenotypes of symptomatic presentation may help GPs consider lung cancer earlier. Screening asymptomatic patients at high risk is another route to achieve earlier diagnosis of lung cancer. The strengths of this study include using large-scale representative population-based clinical data, robust methodology, and a transparent research process. This project has great potential to contribute to the national cancer strategic plan and yields substantial public and societal benefits through earlier diagnosis of lung cancer.
A review of 20 years of takaful literature using a systematic method
Authors: Ansari Zahin 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe study aims to summarize the 20 years of literature published in takaful between 2000 and 2019 and propose some key areas as the directions for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe present study utilizes the systematic method of reviewing the literature. The SCOPUS database has been accessed, and 96 articles have been accounted for the analysis. The articles are grouped in their exclusive themes, such as consumer behavior, financial and nonfinancial performance, takaful models, human resources and governance.FindingsTakaful research has widely covered marketing, finance, human resource, governance and stresses on its legal issues. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies have been employed. The research gaps have been classified based on the respective areas. Large share of current body of takaful literature consists of the studies related to the application of behavioural theories to examine the behavioural intention to take up takaful services.Originality/valueThe study enriches the literature of takaful by reviewing articles according to their respective themes, thereby contributing to the significant findings missing from existing literature surveys.
Barriers of growth within an informal sector business: narratives of women subsistence entrepreneurs in South Africa
Authors: Shava Herring , Chinyamurindi Willie 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe study explores growth barriers experienced by a sample of women subsistence entrepreneurs operating within the informal sector in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilizes a descriptive-exploratory research approach and design relying on semi-structured interviews. A purposive sample of 45 women subsistence entrepreneurs formed the participant pool.FindingsThree main narratives emerged. First, a sense of personal contentment existed as a potential barrier for women subsistence entrepreneurs. Second, the women subsistence entrepreneurs had no expansion strategy due to their circumstances. This served as a barrier to growth. Finally, challenges emanating from the home-front served as a limit to the growth of the informal sector business.Research limitations/implicationsBased on the findings, strategies are offered to assist the women subsistence entrepreneurs in tackling the identified barriers to the growth of the informal sector business. A limitation of the research concerns issues that accompany qualitative research. Notably, these include sampling issues.Practical implicationsBased on the findings, strategies are offered to assist women subsistence entrepreneurs in tackling the barriers that affect their businesses.Originality/valueGiven the popularity of the informal sector in emerging nations such as South Africa, the study proffers suggestions that assist the advancement of subsistence entrepreneurship, especially within the informal sector. The role of women in all this is heightened.
Giving voice to the voiceless: connecting graduate students with high school students by incubating DRR plans through participatory mapping
Authors: Trejo-Rangel Miguel Angel , Mota Ferreira Adriano , Marchezini Victor , Rodriguez Daniel Andres , Oliveira Melissa da Silva , Messias dos Santos Daniel 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to encourage graduate students to facilitate a participatory mapping activity with high school students, to have their voices heard in the disaster risk reduction (DRR) agenda.Design/methodology/approachA participatory mapping, youth-led session, was conducted with 22 high school students, where they had to identify flood and landslide-prone areas. Then, they were asked to propose and plan DRR measures in collaboration with local partners in São Luiz do Paraitinga, Brazil.FindingsThe participatory method engaged the graduate students and the high school students in the DRR debate, allowing them to map hazards and vulnerabilities, and to discuss five incubation projects for enhancing DRR in the city.Originality/valueThis research highlights the importance of involving young people in DRR formulation and planning to build local capacities in younger generations. The outputs were shared with the local civil defense and a local non-governmental organization (NGO), who suggested recommendations to improve the five incubation projects.
Social innovation in managing diversity: COVID-19 as a catalyst for change
Authors: Palalar Alkan Deni̇z , Ozbilgin Mustafa , Kamasak Rifat 
Published: January 2022

PurposeCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an adverse impact on workforce diversity internationally. While in the Global North, many countries have sophisticated laws and organizational mechanisms and discourses to deal with such adverse impacts on workforce diversity, such structures of diversity management are either ceremonial or poorly developed in the Global South. The global pandemic disproportionately impacted Global North and Global South increases the existing gap due to vaccine rollout inequality and divergence in recoveries. The authors explore social innovation as a possible option for responding to the challenges induced by the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on interviews in 26 distinctive organizations operating in various industries in Turkey. The authors have adopted a qualitative design to explore how social innovation helps to respond to diversity concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsThe authors demonstrate that social innovation presents a viable option for a country with a poorly regulated context of diversity management. Social innovation could help overcome the challenge of the absence of supportive legislation, discourses and practices of diversity in poorly regulated contexts.Originality/valueThe field study revealed several distinct forms of social innovation for diversity management, which emerged as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors demonstrate that in the absence of supportive diversity management structures and frameworks, social innovation in diversity management at the organizational level could provide a viable response to the emergent needs in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
On a reduced-order model-based optimization of rotor electro-thermal anti-icing systems
Authors: Targui Adam , Habashi Wagdi George 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
Responsible for lift generation, the helicopter rotor is an essential component to protect against ice accretion. As rotorcraft present a smaller wing cross-section and a lower available onboard power compared to aircraft, electro-thermal heating pads are favored as they conform to the blades’ slender profile and limited volume. Their optimization is carried out here taking into account, for the first time, the highly three-dimensional (3D) nature of the flow and ice accretion, in contrast to the current state-of-the-art that is limited to two-dimensional (2D) airfoils.

Design/methodology/approach
Conjugate heat transfer simulation results are provided by the truly 3D finite element Navier–Stokes analysis package-ICE code, embedded in a proprietary rotorcraft simulation toolkit, with reduced-order modeling providing a time-efficient evaluation of the objective and constraint functions at every iteration. The proposed methodology optimizes heating pads extent and power usage and is versatile enough to address in a computationally efficient manner a wide variety of optimization formulations.

Findings
Low-error reduced-order modeling strategies are introduced to make the tackling of complex 3D geometries feasible in todays’ computers, with the developed framework applied to four problem formulations, demonstrating marked reductions to power consumption along with improved aerodynamics.

Originality/value
The present paper proposes a 3D framework for the optimization of electro-thermal rotorcraft ice protection systems, in hover and forward flight. The current state-of-the-art is limited to 2D airfoils.
Artificial intelligence, financial anxiety and cashier-less checkouts: a Saudi Arabian perspective
Authors: Ghazwani Salman , van Esch Patrick , Cui Yuanyuan (Gina) , Gala Prachi 
Published: January 2022

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the impact of financial anxiety and convenience on the relation between cashier-less versus traditional checkouts and purchase intentions among Saudi Arabian consumers.Design/methodology/approachIn an online experiment, 329 Saudi participants were randomly assigned to one of two checkout conditions (traditional vs. AI-enabled) in a between-subjects design and indicated their financial anxiety. Through moderation-of-process design, the authors examine and showcase that the effect of convenience leads to higher purchase intent for AI-enabled checkouts. Moreover, the authors examine financial anxiety as an underlying mechanism and show that for high-convenience consumers, this enacts higher purchase intent.FindingsThe effect of AI-enabled checkouts depends on consumers' convenience perception. High-convenience consumers prefer AI-enabled checkouts over traditional ones, whereas low-convenience consumers are indifferent. Based on the Roy adaptation model theoretical framework, this occurs because high-convenience consumers experience greater financial anxiety when using AI-enabled checkouts, which in turn leads to higher purchase intent.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the reactions of Saudi Arabian consumers toward cashier-less stores versus traditional stores. Interestingly, their intent to purchase increases, due to the financial anxiety they experience while encountering AI-enabled transactions. Due to the limited research of retailers going cashier less, little is known about consumer reactions and how they may differ culturally.
Hotel experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: high-touch versus high-tech
Authors: Davari Dori , Vayghan Saeed , Jang SooCheong (Shawn) , Erdem Mehmet 
Published: January 2022

Purpose
This study aims to gain an understanding of hotel experiences during the pandemic by examining sentiments of guests posted online.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper incorporates the balance theory, in a dyadic system to analyze the ways in which guests were motivated to restore a position of balance during the unprecedented COVID-19 crisis. Qualitative content analysis was used to detect thematic patterns of hotel experiences based on examining online reviews shared by actual guests of two major hotel brands – one more closely associated with convenience-driven automation (high-tech) and the other known for providing more guest–employee interaction (high-touch).

Findings
The analysis of the reviews yielded six main themes: “purpose of visit,” “COVID safety concerns,” “technology adoption,” “COVID limitations,” “exceeded expectation” and “hospitality of staff.” Staff displaying a welcoming attitude was the main factor in creating a convivial experience for guests at both hotel brands, but the technology was not highlighted as much in guests’ reviews. Despite the pandemic, guests of both hotel brands had similar levels of enjoyment regarding their hotel experiences regardless of the high-touch or high-tech nature of the operations.

Research limitations/implications
User-generated content often reflects the opinions of those who are very satisfied or not satisfied at all. Different data collection techniques could be used to get a “big picture” view of the balance between high-touch and high-tech experiences.

Practical implications
The findings offer support to researchers and practitioners who advocate that high-touch and high-tech can indeed co-exist, and that these distinct service delivery modes do not have to be mutually exclusive.

Originality/value
This paper provides new trajectories that can broaden the approaches undertaken by hospitality/tourism scholars and practitioners based on user-generated content. This study is one of the first to adopt the lens of the balance theory, in a dyadic system, to investigate how guests may be psychologically motivated to balance their perceptions and expectations during a time of crisis.