bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of replacement of wheat flour by rice flour on rheo-structural changes, in vitro starch digestibility and consumer acceptability of low-gluten pretzels
Authors: Jan Nusrat , Naik H. R. , Gani Gousia , Bashir Omar , Amin Tawheed , Wani Sajad Mohd , Sofi Shakeel Ahmad 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to access the influence of rice flour incorporation on various quality attributes of low-gluten wheat-based pretzels viz., functional, rheological, starch digestibility, color, textural and sensorial properties. Significant increase in swelling power (18.33 ± 0.51) and bulk density (0.58 ± 0.04) was observed in flour blend upon incorporation of rice flour, whereas, significant decrease in oil absorption capacity (0.62 ± 0.09), solubility index (6.72 ± 0.17), foaming capacity (9.67 ± 0.34), and foaming stability (3.39 ± 0.15) was recorded. Pasting properties of samples were studied using a Rapid Visco Analyser which indicated that all the pasting properties increased with an increase in rice flour incorporation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies revealed no difference in the basic functional groups of flour blend upon the incorporation of rice flour, however, it had a pronounced effect on elastic modulus (G′) of flour blend. In vitro starch digestion characteristics revealed 7.23% surge in slowly digestible starch and 13.36% reduction in rapidly digestible starch of developed low-gluten pretzels upon the incorporation of rice flour. Apparent amylose content (27.3 ± 1.45) and resistant starch content (6.12 ± 0.97) increased and starch digestibility index (69.87 ± 1.72) decreased in developed low-gluten pretzels. In conclusion, the developed low-gluten pretzels had significantly (p < 0.05) higher mineral profile and lightness (L*) and lower breaking strength in addition to having better overall acceptability. This study indicated that substituting wheat flour with rice flour up to a level of 35% affected the quality attributes of developed low-gluten pretzels.
Graphical abstract
Choledochal cyst type I with dilated intrahepatic biliary radicles: a type IVA mimic
Authors: Hando Deo Justine , Kitua Daniel William , Bitesigilwe Mbelwa Dennis , Mutajwaha JohnofGod Leonce , Gabolwelwe Mogolodi , Chande Hassan Mwinchande , Mwanga Ally Hamisi , Bokhary Zaitun Mohammed , Ngiloi Petronilla Joseph 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundA choledochal cyst is a relatively rare congenital anomaly of the biliary tree requiring surgery as the definitive treatment. Amongst the five Todani variants, type I poses a diagnostic and treatment challenge owing to its infrequent, yet clinically significant mimicry for type IVA cysts.Case presentationWe present a case of a 4-year-old female diagnosed to have a giant type IA choledochal cyst that mimicked a type IVA cyst on radiological imaging. The patient was treated by complete cyst excision, cholecystectomy, and restoration of the biliary-enteric communication by a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Regression of the dilated intrahepatic radicles that counterfeited a type IVA cyst was confirmed on follow-up imaging studies.ConclusionSuch an encounter, although rare, can significantly alter the course of management. We recommend extrahepatic cyst excision with biliary reconstruction as the standard treatment when preoperative and intraoperative imaging studies fall short in differentiating the aforementioned variants.
Promoting Wellness or Waste? Evidence from Antidepressant Advertising
Authors: Shapiro Bradley T. 
Published: April 2022

It is taken as given by many policy makers that Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of prescription drugs drives inappropriate patients to treatment. Alternatively, advertising may provide useful information that causes appropriate patients to seek treatment. I study this dynamic in the context of antidepressants. Leveraging variation driven by the borders of television markets, I find that a 10 percent increase in anti-depressant advertising leads to a 0.3 percent ($32 million) increase in new prescriptions followed by reductions in workplace absenteeism worth about $770 million. I find no effect of advertising on prices, generic penetration, drug switches, adverse effects, non-adherence rates, or therapist visits. (JEL D83, I12, J22, L65, M31, M37)
Intravenous Tranexamic acid versus placebo during Caesarian section: A comparative study
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Jawad , Mazhar Atifa , Shabir Alina 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of Tranexamic Acid in preventing postpartum hemorrhage against placebo in high-risk women undergoing cesarean section.
Methods: A double-blinded placebo-controlled comparative trial was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Nishtar Hospital for one year, from 15th June 2020 to 15th June 2021. A total of 60 women who were at high risk of postpartum hemorrhage and had to undergo elective cesarean sections were included in the study. Among them, initial 30 patients were administered Tranexamic Acid before skin incision whereas later 30 were treated as the placebo group. These women were then observed for blood loss during surgery and within 24 hrs. after surgery and any postoperative complications such as thromboembolic events, the need for additional uterotonic agents, and blood transfusions.
Results: Out of 60 women, 30 were placed in each group. The groups had no significant difference in terms of baseline data and post-partum hemorrhage-associated risk factors (p>0.05). However, the occurrence rate of primary post-partum hemorrhage (blood loss greater than 1000 ml) was significantly less in a tranexamic acid group than the placebo group (16.6% vs 60%, respectively, p<0.01). Similarly, the requirement of additional uterotonic agents (13.3% vs 43.3%, respectively) and the need for blood transfusion (6.0% vs 23.3%, respectively) was lower in a tranexamic group than in the placebo group.
Conclusion: The study highlighted the significance of tranexamic acid in controlling post-partum hemorrhages, the requirement of additional uterotonic agents, improving post-partum hemoglobin, and the need for blood transfusion.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5383
How to cite this:Iqbal MJ, Mazhar A, Shabir A. Intravenous Tranexamic acid versus placebo during Caesarian section: A comparative study. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5383
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Correlation between the Level of Inflammatory Cytokines and Prognosis in Children with IVIG-sensitive Kawasaki Disease and IVIG-resistant Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Zhang Hao , Song Hao-bin , Wang De-xing , Deng Hong-yu , Sun Wen-long 
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To investigate whether the levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD) are correlated with coronary artery lesion (CAL) and resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment.
Methods: A total of 216 children in line with KD diagnostic criteria were continuously included as subjects, and 50 healthy children at the same period were selected as the control group, and their levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were detected.
Results: Subjects were subdivided according to the presence or absence of CAL: 42 cases (19.4%) of 216 children with KD developed CAL and were subdivided into the CAL group, while 174 (80.6%) of those who did not develop CAL were subdivided into the NCAL group. The levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in the CAL group and the NCAL group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the levels of those in the CAL group were higher than those in the NCAL group (P<0.05). Subjects were subdivided according to the effect of IVIG treatment: 194 cases (89.8%) of 216 children with KD had a good control of inflammation after the initial IVIG treatment, and were considered to have IVIG-sensitive KD and divided into the IVIG-sensitive group; 22 cases (10.2%) could not get good control of inflammation after the initial IVIG treatment, and were considered to have IVIG-resistant KD and divided into the IVIG-resistant group. The levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in the IVIG-sensitive group and the IVIG-resistant group were higher than those in the control group; The levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in the IVIG-resistant group were higher than those in the IVIG-sensitive group (P<0.05), while the fever time of the IVIG-sensitive group was lower than that of the IVIG-resistant group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Children with KD may experience changes in IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels in the acute phase. Such a significant increase in levels may be a risk factor for CAL and resistance to IVIG treatment in children with KD, while the prolonged fever time is a risk factor for resistance to IVIG treatment in children with KD.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5408
How to cite this:Zhang H, Song H, Wang D, Deng H, Sun W. Correlation between the Level of Inflammatory Cytokines and Prognosis in Children with IVIG-sensitive Kawasaki Disease and IVIG-resistant Kawasaki Disease. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5408
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Appraisal on patient compliance and factors influencing the daily regimen of anti-tubercular drugs in Mangalore city: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Motappa Rohith , Fathima Tuba , Kotian Himani 
Published: April 2022

Background: Globally, India is the country with the highest tuberculosis (TB) burden with respect to the number of new cases occurring each year. Annual incident cases of TB in India accounts for more than 25% of total TB morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several factors have been associated with the adherence of TB medication, which can be broadly classified as patient/personal, social, structural and health service. The aims of the present study were to determine the compliance to daily regimen of directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) therapy among TB patients registered at the Tuberculosis Unit (TU) of Mangalore and to identify the factors influencing non-compliance for treatment. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed. The study sample was drawn from the TUs, General Hospital, Mangalore, after taking permission from District TB Officer. The names and addresses of TB patients were collected from treatment cards. The TB patients were approached at their homes/DOTS centers/Primary Health Centre’s (PHCs) with the help of senior treatment supervisors. Results: It was found that patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were more likely to be non-adherent, which was statistically significant. Amongst the participants, 66 (33%) were diabetic and 28.8% of them were found to be non-adherent. The proportion of non-adherence was 27 times higher in those with poor patient provider relationships. Patients who reported to have side effects of TB medication were 5.23 times more likely to be non-adherent. Conclusions: Advice on routine consultation with the health care facility, adherence to treatment regimen and education about its benefits should be the prime focus of providing health education to all TB patients, both at the individual and community levels.
Effectiveness of comprehensive cognitive and balance training strategies (CCBTS) on gait, balance, quality of life, and fall-related self-efficacy among institutionalized elderly in Udupi District: A mixed-method study protocol
Authors: Assariparambil Anil Raj , Noronha Judith Angelitta , George Anice 
Published: April 2022

Background: The geriatric population is at high risk for gait and balance-related issues as they grow older. The gait and balance-related issues then causes them to be more vulnerable to a fall. Following a fall, the psychological impact could result in fear of falling and decreased quality of life (QoL) in later life. This mixed-method study protocol was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive and balance training on gait, balance, fall-related self-efficacy, and QoL among institutionalized older adults. Methods: A sequential explanatory study has been designed with phase I as quantitative (QUAN) and phase II as qualitative (qual). A randomized controlled trial will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of combined cognitive and balance training among older adults. An in-depth interview will be conducted in phase II with thematic analysis to determine the phase II objectives. A nested sampling technique will be used, wherein the phase II participants will be selected from phase I. In phase I, the intervention arm will receive both cognitive and balance training whereas the control arm will receive only balance training. The phase II participants will be selected from the institutionalized older adults who show improved and not improved fall-related self-efficacy and QoL after comprehensive cognitive and balance training strategies (CCBTS) training. The outcome variables included in the phase I study are gait, balance, fall-related self-efficacy, and QoL. Conclusions: Cognitive training and balance training as a stand-alone intervention has proved their impact among older people. The gait and balance issue could impact from the consequences of both cognitive decline and physical decline; hence the proposed research would highlight the need for combined intervention to enhance overall well-being among the geriatric population. Registration: This study is registered with The Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI); CTRI reference ID: CTRI/2016/11/007449; registered on 08/11/2016.
Knitting style – the grace of noble ladies or the speed of peasant girls?
Authors: Pink Anu 
Published: April 2022

Knitting is a textile technique with a global spread, yet the method of holding the yarn and needles differs between geographic areas and cultures. There are three main knitting styles: holding the yarn in the right hand or throwing, holding the yarn in the left hand or picking and knitting with the yarn in front of the work and manipulating it with the thumb. Knitting methods have been subject to change over time. People have tried to make the movements either faster or, as is the case with 19th century England, more graceful. Estonian knitters stayed true to throwing for centuries and were not waived by German, Russian or Scandinavian knitters. However, picking has become prevalent within the last century following the Finnish example and published materials. Studying the Estonians’ knitting style and comparing this to neighbouring countries provides an insight into the development of and influences on Estonian knitting.
Keywords: knitting, knitting history, knitting styles, picking, throwing, Continental knitting, English knitting, Portuguese knitting, Estonian knitting
Puithoonete ornament / Ornament of wooden buildings
Authors: Kursīte Janīna 
Published: April 2022

In this translation of a chapter from monograph “Latvian’s Home” (“Latvieša māja”, 2014), the author provides an insight into the decorations of wooden houses in Latvia, including incisions and ornamental wall decorations and she also differentiates architectural details like the so-called ‘sun posts’ and decorated boards on sides of a triangular opening in the hip under the roof. At the beginning of the paper the author refers to the fact that the ancient geometrical ornament has been more typical of Latvians, which has been preserved also during the time when East-European nations gradually took over the ornaments depicting plants and animals. The author approaches ornamentation as one complete entity and draws attention to the perceived visual rhythm in ornamentation. The individual signs of the ornament are combined either in pairs (statically) or in odd numbers (dynamically). The more modern ornamentation is made up of geometrical ornament with plant ornaments. The author gives an overview of more widely-used signs – slanting crosses, triangles, octagons, and the chalk marking 20+K+B+m+14 widespread in Catholic regions, etc.
Kursīte discusses one peculiar decorative element of the houses – the so-called ‘sun posts’, which in big rooms are just very practical (e.g. in houses of prayer), but which might have also carried some cosmic symbolism.
In buildings (mainly dwelling houses and storehouses), the doors and window jambs, wider battens/boards, and the wooden window shutters were decorated. Ornamental decorations were also used on the top of the boards decorating the triangular opening in the hip under the roof, which were carved like a bird’s or a horse’s head, or shaped like a horn, sometimes even under the collar beams. The decorations were directed outwards so they would be visible. The other kind of ornament (mostly single signs) was cut on house tenons/mitre (i.e. inside). This was not visible, but the ornament had to protect the foundation of the house and the building from hazards coming from the outside (evil ghosts, evil people, natural elements, etc.).
In conclusion it may be said that from a magical and a decorative point of view, ornamentation played an important role in the wooden architecture of Latvia.
In the short preface the themes highlighted by Kursīte are compared with the wooden architecture of Estonia; it is stated that there are similarities but one has to work hard to find them.
Mõnda valdkonna teadusajakirjadest / On scholarly journals in craft research
Authors: Tüür Kadri 
Published: April 2022

This article offers a brief survey of international scholarly journals on craft research and related fields (heritage protection and management, vernacular architecture, textile heritage, etc.).
In Estonian language, studies of material culture are chiefly published in the yearbooks of memory institutions, such as museums. Internationally, special publications focused on craft research were only established in the 21st century. In the Scandinavian countries, the notion of ‘sloyd’ is central to this type of research. In the European context, craft research is often categorised under ‘design history’, whereas in America it can be found under the label ‘material culture’. If one wishes to find studies on traditional wooden architecture, the keyword ‘vernacular’ comes in handy. One important search term is ‘practice-led’ research, as it is the closest one to the approach employed in the teaching and research activities of the Native craft department in University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy. What can be learnt from international publications is their skill in placing case studies within a wider global cultural, historical and economic background.
Heritage studies are relevant to craft research as craft and its outcomes are often connected with material and immaterial cultural heritage. Interest in sustainable materials and resource use has risen notably during recent decades, and this is also reflected in scholarly publications.
Some journals stand out with their experimental approach to contributions. For example, video publications could be very useful not only for lab practitioners, but also for craft researchers. The array of publications on craft research is relatively wide, and we should not hesitate to make good use of all the wonderful resources available.
Nakshi kantha – bengali traditsioonilise tikitud teki valmistamise ja tähenduse muutumine ajas / Nakshi kantha: changes in the making and meaning of a traditional Bengali embroidered blanket
Authors: Hadi Nurjahan 
Published: April 2022

Nakshi kantha is a traditional quilt typical of Bengal, a cultural-historical area in South Asia now divided between Bangladesh and India’s West Bengal. Rural women make richly-embroidered quilts by stitching together rags embellished with various stitches to form motifs and designs that have been deliberately taken from the maker’s own habitat. The composition of the motifs renders the perception of the artisans visible, and thus it becomes the maker’s autobiography.
Once made only by joining rags embellished with endless running stitches, nowadays modern technologies (for making and decorating) and materials have been added as the blanket has reached public realms from its domestic sphere. This transition and commodification tends to elicit certain reactions either overtly or covertly.
This article is based on my MA thesis, defended at the University of Tartu, entitled ”Transformation of a Traditional Textile Craft: A Case Study of Nakshi kantha” in which I have discussed the commodification of a traditional quilt, Nakshi kantha, focusing on how a piece of domestic craft has turned into a commercialised product, how this raises questions regarding conventional thinking about the authenticity of heritage production and how this carries the essence of its historical purposes in its contemporary form. For my thesis, I have collected qualitative data by conducting interviews with the users, artisans, and the entrepreneurs, who all shared stories of their affiliation with this form of heritage production and its transformation.
With its various functions and metaphorical meanings, this embroidered textile craft has been valued as a part of Bengali heritage. Since undergoing commercialisation in the recent past, the quilt has become very popular as a memento of its recipient’s origins and attachment. It has enjoyed substantial market success, albeit at the price of its traditional vernacular meaning.
Keywords: Nakshi kantha, quilt, Bengal, traditional handicraft, commercialisation, heritage
Manufacturing and Regulatory Barriers to Generic Drug Competition: A Structural Model Approach
Authors: Wang Yixin (Iris) , Li Jun , Anupindi Ravi 
Published: April 2022

Understanding the drivers of market concentration in the generic pharmaceutical industry is essential to guaranteeing the availability of low-cost generics. In this paper, we develop a structural model to capture the multiple determinants governing manufacturers’ entry decisions; in particular, we focus on how manufacturing complexity and the regulatory environment for generics approval affect concentration in drug markets. We estimate the model using data collated from six disparate sources. We find that manufacturing complexity, as reflected in the number of active ingredients, for example, significantly reduces the likelihood of generics entry. Moreover, the delay in the review process for the generics applications significantly affects the number of firms entering a market. Our policy simulations suggest that a shortened drug approval review time significantly increases the average number of entrants per market and reduces the fraction of markets with no generics entry; however, a notable portion of markets would still lack any generic competition. This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4423 .