bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do I see what you see? Institutional quality, action observability, and multimarket contact in the global mobile phone industry
Authors: Giachetti Claudio , Lampel Joseph , Onoz Ergun 
Published: March 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryDrawing on signaling theory and the international business literature that addresses the role of institutions, we argue that multinational enterprises (MNEs) that use multimarket contact (MMC)—that is, meet the same competitors in multiple countries—to reduce rivalry in a given country, will have their actions and performance influenced by the institutional quality of that country. More specifically, we contend that action observability is the mechanism that explains why institutional quality facilitates an MNE's use of MMC with competitors in a host country. We also contend that an MNE's ability to successfully reduce rivalry with host country competitors via MMC is contingent on the institutional quality distance between the MNE's home and host country. We test our hypotheses with data from the mobile phone industry.Managerial SummaryMNEs often meet the same rivals simultaneously in multiple countries, a phenomenon known as market overlap or MMC. Prior studies have found that MMC deters rivals from attacking each other in the countries they have in common. However, these studies have not taken into account the heterogeneity of the institutional environments of the countries in which multimarket rivals compete. We contend that the quality of countries' institutions and the institutional quality distance between home and host countries affect the extent to which MNEs can observe each other's actions, which in turn helps rival MNEs to avoid mutually damaging moves for their sales performance in the countries they have in common.
Improving the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease with sodium by incorporating kidney dysfunction types
Authors: Cullaro Giuseppe , Verna Elizabeth C. , McCulloch Charles E. , Lai Jennifer C. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Background and Aims
We investigated the impact of the inclusion of kidney dysfunction type on the discrimination and calibration of the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease with sodium (MELD‐Na‐KT) score.

Approach and Results
We included all adults listed for ≥90 days without exception points from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2018. We defined kidney dysfunction types as follows: acute kidney disease (AKD; an increase of ≥0.3 mg/dL or ≥50% in serum creatinine in the last 7 days or fewer than 72 days of hemodialysis), chronic kidney disease (CKD; an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for 90 days or ≥72 days of hemodialysis), AKD on CKD (met both definitions), or none (met neither definition). We then developed and validated a multivariable survival model with follow‐up beginning at the first assessment after 90 days from waitlist registration and ending at the time of death, waitlist removal, or 90 days from enrollment in this study. The predictor variables were MELD‐Na and the derived MELD‐Na‐KT model. In the derivation cohort, kidney dysfunction type was significantly associated with waitlist mortality after controlling for MELD‐Na. There was a significant linear interaction between kidney dysfunction type and MELD‐Na score. In the validation cohort, we saw an improvement in the discrimination of the model with an increase in the c‐index from 0.76 with MELD‐Na to 0.78 with MELD‐Na‐KT (p = 0.002) and a net reclassification index of 10.8% (95% CI, 1.9%–11.4%). The newly derived MELD‐Na‐KT model had lower Brier scores (MELD‐Na‐KT 0.042 vs. MELD‐Na 0.053).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the feasibility and the potential for objectively defined kidney dysfunction types to enhance the prognostication of waitlist mortality provided by the MELD‐Na score.
Transport of thermal energy in the magnetohydrodynamic oblique stagnation point flow in a hybrid nanofluid with nanoparticle shape effect
Authors: Kata Sreelakshmi , Ganganapalli Sarojamma , Kuppalapalle Vajravelu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the present paper, the augmented heat characteristics of a hybrid nanofluid which is a blend of Al2O3 (alumina) and Ag (silver) in the host hybrid fluid (C2H6O2‐H2O) (50%–50%) impinging obliquely on an elastic surface with magnetic lines of force are investigated. The properties of the nanofluid are assessed through the computational solutions established with the aid of the popular Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fifth‐order (RKF 5) numerical technique. Outputs of the analysis reveal that the rate of thermal energy transport in the hybrid (mono) nanofluid is enhanced by 11.5% (5.8%) by using blade‐shaped nanoparticles in comparison to that of the spherical particles. Stream contours of both nanofluids are inclined to the left (right) of the stagnation‐point for positive (negative) values of the stagnation flow parameter.
Versatile role of sirtuins in metabolic disorders: From modulation of mitochondrial function to therapeutic interventions
Authors: Afzaal Ammara , Rehman Kanwal , Kamal Shagufta , Akash Muhammad Sajid Hamid 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSirtuins (SIRT1–7) are distinct histone deacetylases (HDACs) whose activity is determined by cellular metabolic status andnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels. HDACs of class III are the members of the SIRT's protein family. SIRTs are the enzymes that modulate mitochondrial activity and energy metabolism. SIRTs have been linked to a number of clinical and physiological operations, such as energy responses to low‐calorie availability, aging, stress resistance, inflammation, and apoptosis. Mammalian SIRT2 orthologs have been identified as SIRT1−7 that are found in several subcellular sections, including the cytoplasm (SIRT1, 2), mitochondrial matrix (SIRT3, 4, 5), and the core (SIRT1, 2, 6, 7). For their deacetylase or ADP‐ribosyl transferase action, all SIRTs require NAD+ and are linked to cellular energy levels. Evolutionarily, SIRT1 is related to yeast's SIRT2 as well as received primary attention in the circulatory system. An endogenous protein, SIRT1 is involved in the development of heart failure and plays a key role in cell death and survival. SIRT2 downregulation protects against ischemic‐reperfusion damage. Increase in human longevity is caused by an increase in SIRT3 expression. Cardiomyocytes are also protected by SIRT3 from oxidative damage and aging, as well as suppressing cardiac hypertrophy. SIRT4 and SIRT5 perform their roles in the heart. SIRT6 has also been linked to a reduction in heart hypertrophy. SIRT7 is known to be involved in the regulation of stress responses and apoptosis in the heart.
Structure‐based virtual screening and biological evaluation of novel inhibitors of mycobacterium Z‐ring formation
Authors: Alexey Rayevsky , Dariya Samofalova , Liudmyla Ishchenko , Lilia Vygovska , Valeriy Mazur , Dmytro Labudzynskyi , Oleksandr Borysov , Svitlana Spivak , Sergii Ozheredov , Elijah Bulgakov , Mariia Stykhylias , Yaroslav Blume , Pavel Karpov 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe major part of commercial prodrugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on cell division and inhibition of bacterial growth in vitro. However, further implementation often failed to overcome the compensatory system of interchangeable cascades. This is the most common situation for the compounds, which hit the key enzymes activities involved in all basic stages of the cell cycle. We decided to find more compounds, which could affect a cytoskeleton complex playing important role in sensing the external signals, intracellular transport, and cell division. In general, the bacterial cytoskeleton is crucial for response to the environment and participates in cell‐to‐cell communication. In turn, filamentous temperature‐sensitive Z (FtsZ) protein, a mycobacterial tubulin homolog, is essential for Z‐ring formation and further bacteria cell division. We predicted the most preferable binding‐sites and conducted a high‐throughput virtual screening. Modeling results suggest that some compounds bind in a specific region on the surface Mtb FtsZ, which is absent in human, and other could hit GTPase activity of the FtsZ. Further in vitro studies confirmed that these novel molecules can efficiently bind to these pockets, demonstrating an effect on the polymerization state and kinetics mechanisms. The rescaling of the experiment on the cell line revealed that reported compounds are able to alter the polymerization level of the filamentous and, therefore, prevent mycobacteria reproduction.
Serum hsa_circ_0079480 is a novel prognostic marker for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Guo Liang , Kou Ru , Song Yanping , Li Guang , Jia Xueyou , Li Zhenzhen , Zhang Yunjie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe dysregulated expression of serum circular RNAs (circRNAs) has previously been linked to the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, but the clinical and prognostic relevance of serum hsa_circ_0079480 levels in this oncogenic setting have yet to be established. Herein, we assessed the putative prognostic relevance of circulating hsa_circ_0079480 levels in AML patient serum.MethodsSerum was prepared from blood samples collected from 236 AML patients and 160 healthy controls, with hsa_circ_0079480 levels therein being quantified by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) after which the clinical value of these levels was assessed.ResultsAcute myeloid leukemia patients were found to exhibit significant hsa_circ_0079480 upregulation in their serum as compared to serum from healthy controls, with such upregulation being most profound in individuals with M4/M5 type disease and to be more common in patients with poor cytogenic risk or high white blood cell counts. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that serum hsa_circ_0079480 levels were able to effectively differentiate between patients with AML and healthy controls. Moreover, the upregulation of serum hsa_circ_0079480 was found to be closely related to clinicopathological findings and to be an independent predictor of reduced overall and relapse‐free survival among individuals diagnosed with AML. Furthermore, serum hsa_circ_0079480 levels were markedly decreased after treatment in this patient population, with these levels being lower in patients that achieved complete remission as compared to those patients that did not.ConclusionLevels of hsa_circ_0079480 in patient serum may offer value as a prognostic biomarker in AML.
Assessment of regional sacral bone quality: A step towards patient‐specific fracture fixation
Authors: Mand Simran , Telfer Scott , Battan Shamele , Brunnquell Christina L. , Linnau Ken F. , Zamora David , Kleweno Conor P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCharacterizing changes in sacral bone density could help us to inform instrumentation choices for procedures involving the sacrum. The aim of this study is to provide detailed maps of changes in sacral bone density across a series of patients using opportunistic quantitative computed tomography (QCT). We hypothesized that there would be significant differences in local cortical and trabecular bone density associated with age and sex. Fifty‐four three‐dimensional sacral models were segmented from routine clinical computed tomography scans, and detailed bone density estimates were derived for each bone using a calibrated opportunistic QCT approach. The effects of age and sex on cortical and trabecular bone density were determined across the sample. Overall cortical bone loss averaged 2.1 and 0.9 mg/cc per year, and trabecular bone loss was 1.6 and 0.7 mg/cc for female and males, respectively. Several regions had loss rates several times greater. Areas that were significantly affected by age included the vertebral bodies, bilateral ala, apex, and areas adjacent to both the anterior and posterior sacral foramina. Areas that were significantly affected by sex were the anterior sacral promontory, aspects of the ala. Bone density distribution across the sacrum changes nonuniformly due to factors including sex and age. Despite these overall trends, there remains significant variability between individuals. Clinical significance: This study provides detailed bone density information for both cortical and trabecular bone that could assist orthopaedic surgeons in planning surgical approaches to sacral fracture fixation.
Eleutheroside E reduces intestinal fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans through neuroendocrine signals
Authors: Liu Mengyao , Gao Xin , Shan Shan , Li Yongzhi , Wang Jiaping , Lu Weihong 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcanthopanax senticosus, a small woody shrub of the family Araliaceae, can be used as a functional food with multiple biological activities. Eleutheroside E (EE), an important active component of A. senticosus, has significant effects on neurological diseases. However, whether EE can regulate lipid metabolism has not been reported. The brain can mediate communication between neurons and intestinal cells through long‐distance neuroendocrine signals. We speculated that EE might regulate the intestinal lipid metabolism of Caenorhabditis elegans through neuroendocrine signals.RESULTSFirst, we found that EE reduced the intestinal fat content of C. elegans, without affecting development, reproduction, food intake or movement. In addition, EE significantly regulated genes and metabolites related to lipid metabolism. EE extensively affected fatty acid synthesis, β‐oxidation and lipolysis processes, and regulated the content of various fatty acid and lipid metabolism intermediates. We finally proved that EE reduced intestinal fat storage through serotonin and neuropeptide flp‐7–npr‐22 pathways in the nervous system.CONCLUSIONEE is expected to be a functional food that regulates lipid metabolism. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry
Reprogramming the endogenous type I CRISPR‐Cas system for simultaneous gene regulation and editing in Haloarcula hispanica
Authors: Du Kaixin , Gong Luyao , Li Ming , Yu Haiying , Xiang Hua 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe type I system is the most widely distributed CRISPR‐Cas system identified so far. Recently, we have revealed the natural reprogramming of the type I CRISPR effector for gene regulation with a crRNA‐resembling RNA in halophilic archaea. Here, we conducted a comprehensive study of the impact of redesigned crRNAs with different spacer lengths on gene regulation with the native type I‐B CRISPR system in Haloarcula hispanica. When the spacer targeting the chromosomal gene was shortened from 36 to 28 bp, transformation efficiencies of the spacer‐encoding plasmids were improved by over three orders of magnitude, indicating a significant loss of interference. However, by conducting whole‐genome sequencing and measuring the growth curves of the hosts, we still detected DNA cleavage and its influence on cell growth. Intriguingly, when the spacer was shortened to 24 bp, the transcription of the target gene was downregulated to 10.80%, while both interference and primed adaptation disappeared. By modifying the lengths of the spacers, the expression of the target gene could be suppressed to varying degrees. Significantly, by designing crRNAs with different spacer lengths and targeting different genes, we achieved simultaneous gene editing (cdc6E) and gene regulation (crtB) for the first time with the endogenous type I CRISPR‐Cas system.
Development and validation of the Attention Bias Questionnaire (ABQ)
Authors: Azriel Omer , Britton Jennifer C. , Gober Chelsea D. , Pine Daniel S. , Bar‐Haim Yair 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesVarious psychopathologies are associated with threat‐related attention biases, which are typically measured using mechanized behavioral tasks. While useful and objective, behavioral measures do not capture the subjective experience of biased attention in daily‐living. To complement extant behavioral measures, we developed and validated a self‐report measure of threat‐related attention bias – the Attention Bias Questionnaire (ABQ).MethodsThe ABQ consists of nine items reflecting the subjective experience of attention bias towards threats. To enable personalized relevance in threat‐content, the general term “threat” was used, and respondents were instructed to refer to specific things that threaten them personally. In a set of five studies, the ABQ was developed and validated. Internal consistency, discriminant validity, test‐retest reliability, and convergent validity were tested.ResultsThe ABQ emerged as a coherent and stable measure with two sub‐scales: Engagement with Threat and Difficulty to Disengage from Threat. ABQ scores were positively correlated with trait anxiety, social anxiety, PTSD, and depression, as well as behaviorally measured attention bias.ConclusionAssessing the subjective experience of threat‐related attention bias can enrich existing knowledge about the cognitive mechanisms underlying psychopathology and complement extant behavioral bias measures in research and clinical evaluation.
Exercise physiologists use of pain neuroscience education for treating knee osteoarthritis: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Ram Adrian , Booth John , Thom Jeanette M. , Jones Matthew D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo explore how Australian exercise physiologists (EPs) utilise pain neuroscience education (PNE) in their management of patients with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsA semi‐structured interview concerning a knee osteoarthritis vignette was designed to understand each participant's beliefs about physical activity, pain, injury and coping strategies and quantify their use of pain neuroscience concepts. Themes were derived from pre‐determined pain target concepts as well as others that emerged from thematic analysis.ResultsThirty EPs (57% male, mean clinical experience 7 years (SD 7.1) participated in the semi‐structured interviews. 13 themes emerged. EPs primarily focussed on: (1) active treatment strategies are better than passive, (2) pain and tissue damage rarely relate, and (3) learning about pain can help individuals and society. Other themes included the use of biomedical‐based education, pain during exercise and delivery of PNE. Underutilised themes included the role of the brain in pain, validation that pain is real and personal, the concept of danger sensors as opposed to pain sensors, and pain depends on the balance between safety and danger.ConclusionEPs primarily advised on active treatment approaches (e.g. exercise and self‐management). Quality of care is likely to improve through increasing focus on the systemic benefits of exercise in overcoming psychological barriers (e.g. fear avoidance and pain catastrophising) that may prevent exercise treatment engagement. Broadening PNE to reconceptualise knee osteoarthritis pain as a sign of an overprotective nervous system, rather than structural damage, may facilitate greater patient engagement in exercise therapies, thus improving patient outcomes.
OTUP workflow: target specific optimization of the transmitk‐space trajectory for flexible universal parallel transmit RF pulse design
Authors: Geldschläger Ole , Bosch Dario , Henning Anke 
Published: March 2022

PurposeTo optimize transmitk‐space trajectories for a wide range of excitation targets and to design “universal pTx RF pulses” based on these trajectories.MethodsTransmitk‐space trajectories (stack of spirals and SPINS) were optimized to best match different excitation targets using the parameters of the analytical equations of spirals and SPINS. The performances of RF pulses designed based on optimized and non‐optimized trajectories were compared. The optimized trajectories were utilized for universal pulse design. The universal pulse performances were compared with subject specific tailored pulse performances. The OTUP workflow (optimization of transmitk‐space trajectories and universal pulse calculation) was tested on three test target excitation patterns. For one target (local excitation of a central area in the human brain) the pulses were tested in vivo at 9.4 T.ResultsThe workflow produced appropriate transmitk‐space trajectories for each test target. Utilization of an optimized trajectory was crucial for the pulse performance. Using unsuited trajectories diminished the performance. It was possible to create target specific universal pulses. However, not every test target is equally well suited for universal pulse design. There was no significant difference in the in vivo performance between subject specific tailored pulses and a universal pulse at 9.4 T.ConclusionsThe proposed workflow further exploited and improved the universal pulse concept by combining it with gradient trajectory optimization for stack of spirals and SPINS. It emphasized the importance of a well suited trajectory for pTx RF pulse design. Universal and tailored pulses performed with a sufficient degree of similarity in simulations and a high degree of similarity in vivo. The implemented OTUP workflow and theB0/B1+map data from 18 subjects measured at 9.4 T are available as open source (https://github.com/ole1965/workflow_OTUP.git).
A cost‐effective and load‐balanced controller placement method in software‐defined networks
Authors: Dhar Mili , Bhattacharyya Bidyut K. , Debbarma Mrinal Kanti , Debbarma Swapan 
Published: March 2022

SummaryA network incorporates nodes, and each node can communicate with each other through some links. An efficient way to maintain the communication between nodes is to divide a network into several subnetworks, called clusters. We have developed a new clustering algorithm and applied our method for the controller placement in software‐defined networks (SDNs). Placing a controller in its appropriate location by balancing the loads and optimizing the latency even in case of a failure scenario becomes a challenging task. Thus, we have proposed a multi‐controller placement algorithm that can minimize the average (Sw‐Co) latency in such a way that the network switches are fairly distributed over clusters. This distribution helps to balance loads of switches among controllers even in the case of a controller failure scenario. We have also simulated three other existing algorithms for comparison. Experiment results show that our algorithm is a cost‐effective solution as compared with other existing algorithms. We have also shown that our proposed method balanced loads of switches between controllers in a SDN network and generates lower average (Sw‐Co) latency with and without a controller failure.
Antimicrobial polymeric composites in consumer goods and healthcare sector: A healthier way to prevent infection
Authors: Choudhury Mousam , Bindra Harsimran Singh , Singh Karishma , Singh Alok Kumar , Nayak Ranu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractPolymeric goods have been instrumental due to its versatility, properties like hygienic, lightweight, flexible, and highly durable and hence it accounts for the largest usage of applications worldwide in sectors like electrical, electronic, packaging, automotive, energy generation, furniture, marine, aerospace, military, consumer goods, construction, medical and healthcare, and so forth. However, as the demand for consumer goods continues to grow—from smartphones, smart watches to automobiles, home appliances, food packaging, pharmacy, and so forth; disease transmission (especially during the outbreak of epidemic/pandemic) via tangibility has emerged as a major hurdle to cater the out breaking microbial transmission through touch. The surfaces of these goods/products are required to suffice antimicrobial properties to prevent such contagious surface transmission. Considering the current challenges and need for antimicrobial polymer, a review is presented to collectively enlist the theoretical fundamental; commercial, R&D activities, economic performance, and challenges on large‐scale practice of antimicrobial polymeric products. The review also enumerates the potential antimicrobial nanofillers used for the fabrication of polymer nanocomposites with biostatic and biocidal properties along with expected property enhancement.