bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of lead leg selection on bilateral landing force‐time characteristics: Return to sport testing implications
Authors: Lawson Drew , Jordan Matthew J. , Herzog Walter 
Published: April 2022

We quantified the effect of lead leg selection on landing force–time characteristics during a vertical drop landing (VDL) initiated with a step‐off. Plyometric‐trained subjects (male: n = 8; female: n = 5; age =23 ± 3.3 years; body mass =74.4 ± 11.2 kg) performed 6 step‐off‐initiated VDLs from a 45‐cm box (n = 3/lead leg). Pooled and lead leg stratified between‐limb comparisons of limb‐specific initial ground contact timing, peak vertical ground reaction force (Fzpeak), and early landing‐phase impulse (Impulse100ms) were assessed by a two‐factor, within‐subject ANOVA, and limb symmetry indexes were calculated (α = 0.05). Pooled data showed that the lead leg made contact prior to the trail leg and contributed a greater fraction to Fzpeak compared with the trail leg. Stratifying trials by lead leg selection led to significant between‐limb differences in Fzpeak (p < 0.05) and Impulse100ms (p < 0.01) with the right leg leading but not with the left leg leading. Lead leg selection in step‐off‐initiated VDLs influenced landing performance and limb symmetry indexes of variables associated with lower limb injury risk, suggesting the need to control for lead leg selection in these tasks. A step‐off may not be a suitable technique to initiate landing tasks when assessing limb symmetry.
The Chinese‐style macroeconomic control: The role of state‐owned enterprises
Authors: Fang Hongsheng , Hu Wen‐Quan , Shi Ruhua , Zhang Xufei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper extends the existing studies of cyclical fiscal policy by providing the first systematic theoretical and empirical study of cyclical quasi‐fiscal investment of state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) in China. Using data from Chinese listed companies and the System GMM method, the results show that: (1) both central and local SOEs exhibit expansion‐biased investment behaviours; (2) the expansion‐biased investment of central SOEs mainly goes to the tertiary industry and the western regions of China, while the expansion‐biased investment of local SOEs mainly occurs in the tertiary industry and the middle and western regions of China; (3) during the economic recession, the higher the local growth targets, the more bank credit central and local SOEs can obtain, and the more pronounced the expansion‐biased investment. The study shows that apart from the countercyclical fiscal policy implemented by central and local governments, the quasi‐fiscal function of central and local SOE investments is also key for the Chinese economy to quickly recover from recessions.
Investment incentives and leverage: Evidence from China’s accelerated depreciation policy
Authors: Zhao Lexin , Fang Hongsheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUsing a difference‐in‐differences (DID) approach, this paper evaluates the effects of China's accelerated depreciation policy on corporate leverage. We find that the policy significantly increases corporate total leverage, which is mainly driven by the increase in long‐term leverage. Moreover, raising investment in fixed assets serves as the primary mediating channel through which the policy affects long‐term leverage and thus, total leverage. Finally, the positive effects of the policy on leverage are primarily significant in firms that are not close to tax exhaustion, and firms that invest in long‐lived assets.
Assessment of changes in blood pancreatic lipase activities using FDC‐v‐LIP in dogs that underwent various surgical procedures
Authors: Saeki Kanna , Saeki Kohei , Yokoyama Nozomu , Ohno Koichi , Nishimura Ryohei 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the perioperative changes in blood pancreatic lipase activity and explore the contributing clinical factors associated with these changes.DesignProspective observational study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsOne hundred and four dogs underwent various surgical procedures under general anesthesia.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsBlood pancreatic lipase activities, which were measured using FUJI DRI‐CHEM v‐Lip‐P (FDC‐v‐Lip), significantly increased postoperatively compared to preoperative measurements (premedian 58.5 U/L [range, 23–157] vs. postmedian 80 U/L [range, 22–1000],P < 0.0001). The patient with a postoperative increase in FDC‐v‐Lip over the normal range (35 dogs [33.6%]) had significantly higher preoperative FDC‐v‐Lip values.ConclusionsIn this study, dogs had significantly increased pancreas‐specific lipase activities after surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Direct contributors to the increase and its relevance to clinical and histological pancreatitis should be determined in the future.
Septic pericardial disease and mediastinal abscessation in a cat with an intrathoracic needle foreign body
Authors: Bahlmann Kaitlin N. , Kennedy Christopher R. , Bandt Carsten 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the successful management of a cat with an intrathoracic sewing needle foreign body and septic pericardial effusion.Case SummaryA 10‐year‐old neutered female domestic longhair cat was referred for an intrathoracic metallic foreign body identified via thoracic radiography. Two weeks prior, the cat may have ingested a sewing needle. She was presented hemodynamically unstable; point‐of‐care thoracic ultrasound identified pericardial effusion with right atrial tamponade. Pericardiocentesis stabilized hemodynamic parameters. The effusion was grossly purulent, and bacterial culture grew an Actinomyces sp. The cat underwent a median sternotomy to remove the foreign body, debride associated mediastinal abscesses, and perform a partial pericardiectomy. Over the next 10 days, the cat was managed in hospital with a left unilateral thoracostomy tube and intermittent lavage of the pleural cavity. The cat was discharged, and follow‐up at 7 days showed no evidence of pericardial or pleural effusion.New or Unique Information ProvidedContrary to previous reports, this case shows that extra‐gastrointestinal, specifically intrathoracic, sewing needle foreign bodies can cause significant morbidity in cats. To the authors’ knowledge, this report is the first to describe septic pericardial disease resulting from documented foreign body ingestion in the cat. It is also the first case report of successful surgical management of mediastinal abscessation in the cat.
Synaptic plasticity of inhibitory synapses onto medial olivocochlear efferent neurons
Authors: Torres Cadenas Lester , Cheng Hui , Weisz Catherine J. C. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe descending auditory system modulates the ascending system at every level. The final descending, or efferent, stage comprises lateral olivocochlear and medial olivocochlear (MOC) neurons. MOC somata in the ventral brainstem project axons to the cochlea to synapse onto outer hair cells (OHC), inhibiting OHC‐mediated cochlear amplification. MOC suppression of OHC function is implicated in cochlear gain control with changing sound intensity, detection of salient stimuli, attention and protection against acoustic trauma. Thus, sound excites MOC neurons to provide negative feedback of the cochlea. Sound also inhibits MOC neurons via medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) neurons. However, MNTB–MOC synapses exhibit short‐term depression, suggesting reduced MNTB–MOC inhibition during sustained stimuli. Further, due to high rates of both baseline and sound‐evoked activity in MNTB neurons in vivo, MNTB–MOC synapses may be tonically depressed. To probe this, we characterized short‐term plasticity of MNTB–MOC synapses in mouse brain slices. We mimicked in vivo‐like temperature and extracellular calcium conditions, and in vivo‐like activity patterns of fast synaptic activation rates, sustained activation and prior tonic activity. Synaptic depression was sensitive to extracellular calcium concentration and temperature. During rapid MNTB axon stimulation, postsynaptic currents in MOC neurons summated but with concurrent depression, resulting in smaller, sustained currents, suggesting tonic inhibition of MOC neurons during rapid circuit activity. Low levels of baseline MNTB activity did not significantly reduce responses to subsequent rapid activity that mimics sound stimulation, indicating that, in vivo, MNTB inhibition of MOC neurons persists despite tonic synaptic depression.Key points
Inhibitory synapses from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) onto medial olivocochlear (MOC) neurons exhibit short‐term plasticity that is sensitive to calcium and temperature, with enhanced synaptic depression occurring at higher calcium concentrations and at room temperature.
High rates of background synaptic activity that mimic the upper limits of spontaneous MNTB activity cause tonic synaptic depression of MNTB–MOC synapses that limits further synaptic inhibition.
High rates of activity at MNTB–MOC synapses cause synaptic summation with concurrent depression to yield a response with an initial large amplitude that decays to a tonic inhibition.
Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Journal Bearings Under Uncertainty: A Non-Probabilistic Perspective
Authors: Fu Chao , Zhu Weidong , Ma Jiaojiao , Gu Fengshou 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of crucial performances of hydrodynamic journal bearings subject to inherent uncertainties from a non-probabilistic perspective. Uncertainties can arise for various reasons such as the evolving service environment, manufacturing errors and assembling imperfections. An efficient non-intrusive frame named the Chebyshev interval finite difference method is proposed to solve the interval Reynolds equations, which allows accurate predictions of variabilities of performance parameters. The uncertain geometrical properties, lubricant viscosity and external load are considered and their effects on the static and dynamic characteristics of the uncertain journal bearing are intensively discussed in different situations. New insightful results are found in various case studies and numerical validations of the proposed method are carried out. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis was carried out and the application of the proposed frame to a Jeffcott rotor was demonstrated. The interval uncertainties are found to have severe effects on the hydrodynamic journal bearings, causing potential critical influences in the corresponding rotating systems. Results and methods in the current study provide references to robust assessment and design of journal bearings, and further guide the investigations on rotor-journal bearing systems.
Robustness Analysis on the Aerothermal Performance of Turbine Blade Squealer Tip
Authors: Huang Ming , Li Zhigang , Li Jun 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
An improved efficient uncertainty quantification (UQ) analysis framework is proposed by the combination of sparse polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) and universal Kriging (UK) metamodel to obtain the surrogate model (UK-PCE). Moreover, a challenging analytical test function and an engineering test are considered to investigate the response performance of UK-PCE method. The results show that the UK-PCE method reduces the computational cost by more than 70% in comparison to the typical PCE method. Then this method was applied to the UQ of the aerodynamic and heat transfer performance of GE-E3 rotor blade squealer tip. Additionally, a series of uncertainty quantities visualization methods based on the data mining method, parallel computing method, and Delaunay triangulation method is proposed to reveal more enlightening uncertainty phenomena in the actual operation. The results of UQ show that under the influence of uncertain inputs, the leakage flow rate and downstream entropy increase will be significantly increased. The statistical average of tip heat flux has increased by 8.56% relative to the design value, and the probability of it deviating from the design value by 10% is as high as 43.27%. In addition, the three-dimensional tip heat flux deviation distributions calculated by the proposed uncertainty quantities visualization method reveal a coupling of the hot corrosion and thermal fatigue of the squealer tip. It is also indicated that under the influence of the uncertain inputs, there is a marked increase in blade tip flux, and the blade tip flux deviation has been maintained at a high value, about 13.0%. The results of sensitivity analysis show that the largest contributor to the uncertainty of the blade tip aerodynamic performance is the tip clearance deviation and its variance index to the uncertainty of leakage flow rate and downstream entropy increase is as high as 88.21% and 62.63%. Therefore, the geometric accuracy of the tip clearance should be strictly ensured in the turbine blade assembly and marching process. The influence of the inlet total temperature deviation on the uncertainty of the heat transfer performance of the squealer tip must also be taken into account. So a satisfactory control system should be designed in the actual operation of the gas turbine to make sure that the fluctuation of inlet total temperature can be attenuated rapidly.
(U-Th)/He chronology: Part 1. Data, uncertainty, and reporting
Authors: Flowers R.M. , Zeitler P.K. , Danišík M. , Reiners P.W. , Gautheron C. , Ketcham R.A. , Metcalf J.R. , Stockli D.F. , Enkelmann E. , Brown R.W. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
The field of (U-Th)/He geochronology and thermochronology has grown enormously over the past ∼25 years. The tool is applicable across much of geologic time, new (U-Th)/He chronometers are under continuous development, and the method is used in a diverse array of studies. Consequently, the technique has a rapidly expanding user base, and new labs are being established worldwide. This presents both opportunities and challenges. Currently there are no universally agreedupon protocols for reporting measured (U-Th)/He data or data derivatives. Nor are there standardized practices for reporting He diffusion kinetic, 4He/3He, or continuous ramped heating data. Approaches for reporting uncertainties associated with all types of data also vary widely. Here, we address these issues. We review the fundamentals of the methods, the types of materials that can be dated, how data are acquired, the process and choices associated with data reduction, and make recommendations for data and uncertainty reporting. We advocate that both the primary measured and derived data be reported, along with statements of assumptions, appropriate references, and clear descriptions of the methods used to compute derived data from measured values. The adoption of more comprehensive and uniform approaches to data and uncertainty reporting will enable data to be re-reduced in the future with different interpretative contexts and data reduction methods, and will facilitate inter-comparison of data sets generated by different laboratories. Together, this will enhance the value, cross-disciplinary use, reliability, and ongoing development of (U-Th)/He chronology.
(U-Th)/He chronology: Part 2. Considerations for evaluating, integrating, and interpreting conventional individual aliquot data
Authors: Flowers R.M. , Ketcham R.A. , Enkelmann E. , Gautheron C. , Reiners P.W. , Metcalf J.R. , Danišík M. , Stockli D.F. , Brown R.W. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe (U-Th)/He dating technique is an essential tool in Earth science research with diverse thermochronologic, geochronologic, and detrital applications. It is now used in a wide range of tectonic, structural, petrological, sedimentary, geomorphic, volcanological, and planetary studies. While in some circumstances the interpretation of (U-Th)/He data is relatively straightforward, in other cases it is less so. In some geologic contexts, individual analyses of the same mineral from a single sample are expected to yield dates that differ well beyond their analytical uncertainty owing to variable He diffusion kinetics. Although much potential exists to exploit this phenomenon to decipher more detailed thermal history information, distinguishing interpretable intra-sample data variation caused by kinetic differences between crystals from uninterpretable overdispersion caused by other factors can be challenging. Nor is it always simple to determine under what circumstances it is appropriate to integrate multiple individual analyses using a summary statistic such as a mean sample date or to decide on the best approach for incorporating data into the interpretive process of thermal history modeling. Here we offer some suggestions for evaluating data, attempt to summarize the current state of thinking on the statistical characterization of data sets, and describe the practical choices (e.g., model structure, path complexity, data input, weighting of different geologic and chronologic information) that must be made when setting up thermal history models. We emphasize that there are no hard and fast rules in any of these realms, which continue to be an important focus of improvement and community discussion, and no single interpretational and modeling philosophy should be forced on data sets. The guiding principle behind all suggestions made here is for transparency in reporting the steps and assumptions associated with evaluating, integrating, and interpreting data, which will promote the continued development of (U-Th)/He chronology.
P09 Management of aggressive systemic mastocytosis in a 4kg infant
Authors: Forster Abbey 
Published: April 2022

BackgoundAggressive systemic mastocytosis is a very rare life-threatening diagnosis whereby mast cells accumulate in internal tissues and organs. There are limited case reports of this condition, particularly in children, and is associated with poor prognosis.SituationWe present a case report of a child who was diagnosed as a neonate with cutaneous mastocytosis and subsequently developed massive hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia and failure to thrive. Genetic testing was carried out, confirming somatic changes in the KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase, which controls important cellular processes. Her twin was unaffected. Treatment goal was to reduce disease burden and if clinically fit enough, to proceed with allogenic stem cell transplantation.Contribution of the Pharmacy TeamThis case presented numerous pharmaceutical challenges. Drug reactions can be severe and life-threatening resulting in anaphylaxis. Therefore, management of paediatric systemic mastocytosis includes strict avoidance of triggers of histamine; including: drugs, infection, allergens and physical stimuli. The pharmacy team advised on the most appropriate analgesia, infection prophylaxis, anti-mediator therapy and mast-cell targeted treatment options.First line therapy for adult patients with this condition is midostaurin. This is formulated as a 25mg capsule, which is the only licensed preparation. Due to the rarity of this condition in paediatrics, only case reports were available. Suggested initial dosing of 30mg/m2 twice daily would provide a dose of 7.8mg twice daily in a 4kg infant. The manufacturer was contacted to request supply of an alternative formulation if available on a compassionate access basis to meet the clinical need to this patient. Initially the manufacturer was unable to support this request in a timely manner which led us to pursue second line therapy with cladrabine.Pharmacist advised on cladrabine dosing based on chemotherapy protocols, liaised with procurement to source drug and facilitated set up of drug using electronic prescribing system, supported consultant to prescribe and nursing staff to administer drug.Without the contribution of the pharmacy team, it is likely that this patient would not have received treatment in a timely manner and drugs may have been inadvertently prescribed and administered that could trigger histamine release.OutcomePatient received three cycles of cladribine using doses described in LCH-IV protocol. Hepato-splenomegaly was reduced and counts normalised. There was no visible improvement of skin lesions. The manufacturer of midostaurin responded several weeks later granting the supply of a trial stock liquid formulation on a compassionate basis.Lessons LearntMedicines governance around compassionate access schemes are lengthy and therefore second line treatment was required. Consideration of most appropriate analgesia and infection prophylaxis was researched and prescribed for patient.
P11 Using novel technology to improve communication to and between pharmacy staff
Authors: Turner Paul 
Published: April 2022

AimTo explore possible alternatives to the current radio-pager communication system following the department of health’s order for their removal by the end of 2021. To analyse the feasibility and practicality of these systems and implement the most appropriate choice into practice.MethodAnalytical tools including driver diagrams and process maps were constructed and examined to identify possible alternatives to the current radio-pager system. Systems such as Microsoft Teams® and Whatsapp ® were considered but were discredited due to concerns surrounding information governance. CareFlow, a system already implemented in the adult services at the Trust, was consistently identified as fulfilling criteria to enable its utilisation as an alternative to radio-pager. These criteria being: ease of use (task raising), accessibility and maintaining information governance standards.The utilisation of radio-pager and CareFlow data were retrospectively collected and analysed for the 10-weeks before and after the implementation of CareFlow. Comparison of this data involved 2-sided T-tests and ANOVA statistical tests, comparing mean data of radio pager against CareFlow tasks, the comparison of workload and efficiency of the pharmacy teams after rollout. CareFlow tasks raised were analysed for time to completion as the accepted limit for radio-pager response is 15 minutes.ResultsA statistically significant increase (P = 0.004) of 69.5% in the weekly average number of CareFlow tasks in the 10 weeks post-intervention (71) compared to the weekly average number of bleeps in the 10 weeks prior (42). Additionally, a statistically significant 45% decrease (P = 0.0002) in the number of bleeps in the 10 weeks post-change implementation (23). The median average response times of all three pharmacy teams were shown to be within the 15-minute time limit. Mean average response times were higher. Pharmacy team response times remained below the 15minute limit. ANOVA (F=7.1 fcrit = 3.3) and T-tests showed there were no significant differences in the mean average response times of pharmacy teams (p=0.7).ConclusionData and practical use has shown that the transfer of pharmacy communications away from radio-pagers to the CareFlow notification system has been a success. We have shown pharmacy to be more accessible and efficient in their completion of tasks assigned by other members of staff. With noted benefits of receiving tasks out of hours for completion in the morning. Response times remain within the 15minute limit, showing the majority of their tasks are responded to efficiently. However, mean responses were relatively higher. This may indicate tasks that are not responded to within these 15minutes may have been missed, and therefore have far longer waiting periods. This is likely a contributory factor for the continued low-level use of the radio-pagers through the 10 weeks post-change implementation.