bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) in individuals with chronic ankle instability: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Goulart Neto Antonio Manoel , Maffulli Nicola , Migliorini Filippo , de Menezes Fábio Sprada , Okubo Rodrigo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundAnkle sprain is the most common lower limb injury in physically active individuals. Loss of function, decreased postural control (PC), strength deficit, and reduced range of motion (ROM) are common after acute lateral ankle sprains. Some patients experienced long lasting symptoms, with recurrent sprains, and episodes of giving-way: a condition known as chronic ankle instability (CAI). Evaluating the function in patients with CAI in the clinical environment is important to identify the severity of the condition, in addition to allowing to assess the effectiveness of a given treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the validation of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) in terms of muscle strength, PC and ROM in adults with CAI.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. Individuals with CAI aged between 18 and 45 years were eligible. Individuals with CAI were identified using the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI). All patients filled in the FAAM and FAOS scores. Muscle strength was assessed by manual dynamometry, ROM by the Lunge test, PC by computerized posturography, modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT) and modified Balance Error Score System (mBESS).Results50 participants were enrolled in the present study. The mean age of the patients was 27.2 ± 6.3 years, and the mean body mass index was 26.4 ± 4.8 kg/m2. 58% (29 of 50) were men and 42% (21 of 50) women. 18 individuals had unilateral (36%) and 32 bilateral (64%) CAI. The results of FAAM were associated with MCT, mSEBT, invertor muscles strength, plantar flexor muscles strength, dorsiflexor muscles strength, and external hip rotator muscles strength (P < 0.05). The results of FAOS were associated with mSEBT, invertor muscles strength, plantar flexor muscles strength, dorsiflexor muscles strength, evertor muscles strength, and external hip rotator muscles strength, and mBEES (P < 0.05).ConclusionBoth the FAAM and FAOS demonstrated validity to evaluate postural control and muscle strength in patients with CAI, while no association was found in relation to ankle dorsiflexion.
Different pancreatic cancer microenvironments convert iPSCs into cancer stem cells exhibiting distinct plasticity with altered gene expression of metabolic pathways
Authors: Hassan Ghmkin , Ohara Toshiaki , Afify Said M. , Kumon Kazuki , Zahra Maram H. , Fu Xiaoying , Al Kadi Mohamad , Seno Akimasa , Salomon David S. , Seno Masaharu 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are generated under irregular microenvironment in vivo, of which mimic is quite difficult due to the lack of enough information of the factors responsible for cancer initiation. Here, we demonstrated that mouse induced pluripotent cells (miPSCs) reprogrammed from normal embryonic fibroblasts were susceptible to the microenvironment affected by cancer cells to convert into CSCs in vivo.

Methods
Three different pancreatic cancer line cells, BxPC3, PANC1, and PK8 cells were mixed with miPSCs and subcutaneously injected into immunodeficient mice. Tumors were evaluated by histological analysis and cells derived from iPSCs were isolated and selected from tumors. The isolated cells were characterized for cancer stem cell characters in vitro and in vivo as well as their responses to anticancer drugs. The impact of co-injection of iPSCs with cancer cells on transcriptome and signaling pathways of iPSCs was investigated.

Results
The injection of miPSCs mixed with human pancreatic cancer cells into immunodeficient mice maintained the stemness of miPSCs and changed their phenotype. The miPSCs acquired CSC characteristics of tumorigenicity and self-renewal. The drug responses and the metastatic ability of CSCs converted from miPSCs varied depending on the microenvironment of cancer cells. Interestingly, transcriptome profiles of these cells indicated that the pathways related with aggressiveness and energy production were upregulated from the levels of miPSCs.

Conclusions
Our result suggests that cancer-inducing microenvironment in vivo could rewire the cell signaling and metabolic pathways to convert normal stem cells into CSCs.
Bacon: a comprehensive computational benchmarking framework for evaluating targeted chromatin conformation capture-specific methodologies
Authors: Tang Li , Hill Matthew C. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Li Min 
Published: January 2022

AbstractChromatin conformation capture (3C)-based technologies have enabled the accurate detection of topological genomic interactions, and the adoption of ChIP techniques to 3C-based protocols makes it possible to identify long-range interactions. To analyze these large and complex datasets, computational methods are undergoing rapid and expansive evolution. Thus, a thorough evaluation of these analytical pipelines is necessary to identify which commonly used algorithms and processing pipelines need to be improved. Here we present a comprehensive benchmark framework, Bacon, to evaluate the performance of several computational methods. Finally, we provide practical recommendations for users working with HiChIP and/or ChIA-PET analyses.
Effect of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization on balance and trunk function in people with multiple sclerosis: protocol for a randomized control trial
Authors: Abadi Marand Laleh , Noorizadeh Dehkordi Shohreh , Roohi-Azizi Mahtab , Dadgoo Mehdi 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and disabling neurological disease among young people. One of the major complaints in patients with multiple sclerosis (PWMS) is falling. There are a number of factors that risk factors for falling, including balance disorder and spasticity. Core stability (CS) exercises such as trunk muscle strengthening exercises can improve balance and mobility and reduce falling. Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) exercise is a new functional rehabilitation strategy that optimizes motor function based on the principles of developmental kinesiology. This trial will evaluate the effectiveness of DNS in comparison to CS on balance, spasticity, and falling in PWMS.

Methods
A total of 64 PWMS, between 30 and 50 years old and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) between 2 to 5, will be recruited from neurophysiotherapy clinic, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences to participate in this 2-armed parallel study. Participants will be randomly divided into two groups to receive CS exercise or DNS exercise. All participants will receive exercise treatment for 15 sessions during a period of 5 weeks (3 sessions per week). Primary outcome measures will be balance. Falling rate, fear of falling, patient mobility, as well as spasticity, will be measured as secondary outcomes. All outcome measures will be measured at baseline, the day after the completion of the 15th session, and after 17 weeks.

Discussion
Dynamic neurostabilization exercises utilize the subconscious stimulation of special zones to reflexively mediate the diaphragm and other core stabilization muscles, which is extremely effective for individuals with reduced somatosensory or movement awareness. Findings from the proposed study are expected to benefit the knowledge base of the physiotherapist, and it can be a good alternative for the rehabilitation program and even reduce medication use in patients with multiple sclerosis. These exercises are easy to understand and applicable for these patients and their partners as well.

Trial registration
The trial was registered in the Iran registry organization with code IRCT20140222016680N5 and was approved on April 7th, 2020. Address: IRCT administration team, Central Library Building, Iran University Campus, Hemmat Freeway, next to Milad tower, Tehran, Iran. postal code:14496-14535.
Convergence analysis for a nonlinear system of parabolic variational inequalities
Authors: Alnashri Yahya 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis work aims to provide a comprehensive and unified numerical analysis for a nonlinear system of parabolic variational inequalities (PVIs) subject to Dirichlet boundary condition. This analysis enables us to establish the existence of an exact solution to the considered model and to prove the convergence for the approximate solution and its approximate gradient. Our results are applicable for several conforming and nonconforming numerical schemes.
Reliability and validity of multicentre surveillance of surgical site infections after colorectal surgery
Authors: Verberk Janneke D. M. , van Rooden Stephanie M. , Hetem David J. , Wunderink Herman F. , Vlek Anne L. M. , Meijer Corianne , van Ravensbergen Eva A. H. , Huijskens Elisabeth G. W. , Vainio Saara J. , Bonten Marc J. M. , van Mourik Maaike S. M. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Surveillance is the cornerstone of surgical site infection prevention programs. The validity of the data collection and awareness of vulnerability to inter-rater variation is crucial for correct interpretation and use of surveillance data. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance after colorectal surgery in the Netherlands.

Methods
In this multicentre prospective observational study, seven Dutch hospitals performed SSI surveillance after colorectal surgeries performed in 2018 and/or 2019. When executing the surveillance, a local case assessment was performed to calculate the overall percentage agreement between raters within hospitals. Additionally, two case-vignette assessments were performed to estimate intra-rater and inter-rater reliability by calculating a weighted Cohen’s Kappa and Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient. To estimate the validity, answers of the two case-vignettes questionnaires were compared with the answers of an external medical panel.

Results
1111 colorectal surgeries were included in this study with an overall SSI incidence of 8.8% (n = 98). From the local case assessment it was estimated that the overall percent agreement between raters within a hospital was good (mean 95%, range 90–100%). The Cohen’s Kappa estimated for the intra-rater reliability of case-vignette review varied from 0.73 to 1.00, indicating substantial to perfect agreement. The inter-rater reliability within hospitals showed more variation, with Kappa estimates ranging between 0.61 and 0.94. In total, 87.9% of the answers given by the raters were in accordance with the medical panel.

Conclusions
This study showed that raters were consistent in their SSI-ascertainment (good reliability), but improvements can be made regarding the accuracy (moderate validity). Accuracy of surveillance may be improved by providing regular training, adapting definitions to reduce subjectivity, and by supporting surveillance through automation.
Spatial variation of life-history traits in Bulinus truncatus, the intermediate host of schistosomes, in the context of field application of niclosamide in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Konan Cyrille K. , Tian-Bi Yves-Nathan T. , Diakité Nana R. , Ouattara Mamadou , Coulibaly Jean T. , Salia Diabaté , Koné Amani , Kakou Adolphe K. , Assaré Rufin K. , Ehouman Mocket A. , Glitho Sonya C. , N’Goran Eliézer K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Background
Control of intermediate host snails using molluscicides for the control and/or elimination of schistosomiasis is a strategy in line with WHO recommendations. Niclosamide is the main chemical molluscicide recommended by WHO. However, except the immediate killing of the snail, the extent of the impact of the molluscicide application on the evolution of snail life-history traits, in relation to recolonization of treated sites is not well known. This study aimed to characterize the spatial variation of life-history traits of populations of the freshwater snail Bulinus truncatus, in relation to niclosamide spraying in the field.
From 2016 to 2018, we conducted a trial, using niclosamide to control the intermediate host snails for interrupting the seasonal transmission of urinary schistosomiasis in northern and central Côte d’Ivoire. Five villages (sites) were considered, including three test and two control villages. In the test villages, the molluscicide was sprayed in habitats harboring B. truncatus snails three times a year (November, February–March and June). We sampled six B. truncatus populations: two populations from the control villages without any treatment; one collected before treatment and three sampled 2–3 months after treatment of the site with niclosamide. The snail populations were monitored for several life-history traits, including survival, growth, fecundity and hatchability, under laboratory conditions, over one generation (G1). We tested the population, region (North/Centre) and treatment status (treated/untreated) effects on the variation of the measured life-history traits and correlations between pairs of traits were estimated.

Results
On the whole, the traits varied among populations. The risk of death was lower in northern populations compared to central ones. The age at first reproduction was reached earlier with a smaller size of snails in northern populations. Values of first reproduction features (size and fecundity) were lower in treated snail populations. The overall growth of untreated populations was higher than that of treated ones. The late fecundity and egg hatching were higher in northern than in central snails. At first reproduction, age was negatively correlated with some fecundity parameters. However, growth was positively associated with fecundity.

Conclusions
Our study showed a spatial variation of life-history traits in B. truncatus snails. The mollusciciding seems to have led to the depression of some life-history traits in the snail populations. However, investigations should be carried out over several generations of snails to better clarify the impact of niclosamide on the evolution of the life-history traits.
Correlation of computer-based test anxiety with medical students’ performance before, during and after assessments
Authors: Shaheen Abida , Azam Fahad , Rabbani Muhammad Waqas , Kazmi Nosheen 
Published: January 2022

Objectives: To explore the correlation of anxiety levels of medical students measured before, during and after assessments with their performance in formative assessments.
Methods: A repeated measures cross-sectional study was conducted at Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad with data collection at three points in time, from April-May 2020. A validated test anxiety questionnaire was used to assess anxiety. Eighty-two medical students recorded their responses on the questionnaire before, during and after three consecutive formative assessments in an integrated module. Relevant statistical tests were applied to investigate the correlation of anxiety levels at different stages with assessment scores.
Results: The mean scores of anxiety measured before, during and after the three consecutive formative assessments were 29.78±7.77, 28.0±8.88 and 26.11±7.83, respectively. The difference of means of anxiety measured at different stages during assessments was statistically significant (p<0.001). The negative correlation between anxiety level and academic scores of female students was statistically significant (p=0.05).
Conclusion: Fluctuation in anxiety scores at different stages of assessments affects academic performance. Identification of the effect of anxiety may help improve the academic performance of medical students.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4989
How to cite this:Shaheen A, Azam F, Rabbani MW, Kazmi N. Correlation of computer-based test anxiety with medical students’ performance before, during and after assessments. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4989
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Stakeholder perspectives on an integrated package of care for lower limb disorders caused by podoconiosis, lymphatic filariasis or leprosy: A qualitative study
Authors: Davies Bethany , Kinfe Mersha , Ali Oumer , Mengiste Asrat , Tesfaye Abraham , Wondimeneh Mossie Tamiru , Davey Gail , Semrau Maya ,   EnDPoINT Research Team and Consortium
Published: January 2022

BackgroundLower limb disorders including lymphoedema create a huge burden for affected persons in their physical and mental health, as well as socioeconomic and psychosocial consequences for them, their families and communities. As routine health services for the integrated management and prevention of lower limb disorders are still lacking, the ‘Excellence in Disability Prevention Integrated across Neglected Tropical Diseases’ (EnDPoINT) study was implemented to assess the development and delivery of an integrated package of holistic care–including physical health, mental health and psychosocial care–within routine health services for persons with lower limb disorders caused by podoconiosis, lymphatic filariasis and leprosy.Methodology/Principal findingsThis study was part of the first of three phases within EnDPoINT, involving the development of the integrated care package. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were undertaken with 34 participants between January–February 2019 in Awi zone, Ethiopia, in order to assess the draft care package’s feasibility, acceptability and appropriateness.Persons affected by lower limb disorders such as lymphoedema experience stigma, exclusion from families, communities and work as well as physical and financial hardship. Beliefs in disease causation inhibit affected persons from accessing care. Ignorance was a barrier for health care providers as well as affected persons. Training and education of affected persons, communities and caregivers is important in improving care access. It also requires time, space, materials and financial resources. Both top-down and grass roots input into service development are key, as well as collaboration across stakeholders including charities, community leaders and “expert patients”.Conclusions/SignificanceThis study highlighted the need for the EnDPoINT integrated care package and provided suggestions for solutions according to its three aspects of integrated care (integration into routine care; integration of mental health and psychosocial care; and integration of care across the three diseases), thereby giving support for its feasibility, acceptability and appropriateness.
Augmenting the accuracy of trainee doctors in diagnosing skin lesions suspected of skin neoplasms in a real-world setting: A prospective controlled before-and-after study
Authors: Kim Young Jae , Na Jung-Im , Han Seung Seog , Won Chong Hyun , Lee Mi Woo , Shin Jung-Won , Huh Chang-Hun , Chang Sung Eun 
Published: January 2022

Background
Although deep neural networks have shown promising results in the diagnosis of skin cancer, a prospective evaluation in a real-world setting could confirm these results. This study aimed to evaluate whether an algorithm (http://b2019.modelderm.com) improves the accuracy of nondermatologists in diagnosing skin neoplasms.

Methods
A total of 285 cases (random series) with skin neoplasms suspected of malignancy by either physicians or patients were recruited in two tertiary care centers located in South Korea. An artificial intelligence (AI) group (144 cases, mean [SD] age, 57.0 [17.7] years; 62 [43.1%] men) was diagnosed via routine examination with photographic review and assistance by the algorithm, whereas the control group (141 cases, mean [SD] age, 61.0 [15.3] years; 52 [36.9%] men) was diagnosed only via routine examination with a photographic review. The accuracy of the nondermatologists before and after the interventions was compared.

Results
Among the AI group, the accuracy of the first impression (Top-1 accuracy; 58.3%) after the assistance of AI was higher than that before the assistance (46.5%, P = .008). The number of differential diagnoses of the participants increased from 1.9 ± 0.5 to 2.2 ± 0.6 after the assistance (P < .001). In the control group, the difference in the Top-1 accuracy between before and after reviewing photographs was not significant (before, 46.1%; after, 51.8%; P = .19), and the number of differential diagnoses did not significantly increase (before, 2.0 ± 0.4; after, 2.1 ± 0.5; P = .57).

Conclusions
In real-world settings, AI augmented the diagnostic accuracy of trainee doctors. The limitation of this study is that the algorithm was tested only for Asians recruited from a single region. Additional international randomized controlled trials involving various ethnicities are required.
Predictors of facility-based delivery utilization in central Ethiopia: A case-control study
Authors: Demissie Ayalneh , Worku Alemayehu , Berhane Yemane 
Published: January 2022

Background
Improving access to maternal health services has been a priority for the health sector in low-income countries; the utilization of facility delivery services has remained low. Although Ethiopia provides free maternal health services in all public health facilities utilization of services has not been as expected.

Objective
This study examined predictors of facility delivery service utilization in central Ethiopia.

Methods
We conducted a community-based case-control study within the catchment areas of selected public health facilities in central Ethiopia. Women who delivered their last child in a health facility were considered as cases and women who delivered their last child at home were considered as controls. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of facility delivery utilization.

Result
Facility delivery was positive and strongly associated with practicing birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) (AOR = 12.3, 95%CI: 3.9, 39.1); partners’ involvement about obstetric assistance (AOR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.0, 9.0); spending 30 or less minutes to decide on the place of delivery and 45 or less minutes to walk to health facilities (AOR = 7.4, 95%CI: 2.4, 23.2 and AOR = 8.1, 95%CI: 2.5, 26.9, respectively). Additionally, having knowledge of obstetric complication, attending ≥ 4 antenatal care (ANC) visits, birth order and the use of free ambulance service also showed significant association with facility delivery.

Conclusion
Despite the availability of free maternal services there are still many barriers to utilization of delivery services. Strengthening efforts to bring delivery services closer to home and enhancing BPCR are necessary to increase institutional delivery service utilization.