bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The characterization of concomitant beta-blocker usage with vasopressors and inotropes in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Ryu Rachel , Hauschild Christopher , Bahjri Khaled , Tran Huyentran 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Vasopressors and inotropes (V/I) are widely used in the treatment of cardiogenic shock (CS). Despite improvement of hemodynamic variables and end-organ perfusion, these agents have been associated with increases in mortality, potentially due to the increased risk of tachyarrhythmias—which may be mitigated by beta-blockers (BB). Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who received a V/I (dobutamine, milrinone, dopamine, and norepinephrine). The primary objective was to assess for the role of BB in patients receiving V/I for CS. Descriptive statistics in the form of mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative variables, and number and percentage for qualitative variables. The Chi-square test or Fisher's exact tests were used to assess the association of different variables with mortality status. Results: When comparing between those that received BB vs those that did not, the mean HR was significantly higher in those that received BB (90 v 82 bpm, p=0.002). At maximum V/I doses, the SBP was significantly lower in those that received BB (99 vs 111 mmHg, p<0.001). Upon exclusion of those on high doses of V/I, the multivariate logistic regression did not show a difference in mortality between those that received BB vs those that did not (44.4 vs 55.6%, p=0.637).Conclusions: Based on our study, concomitant BB use with a V/I in CS patients was not associated with mortality. Our present study sheds light on the importance and urgency of large, carefully designed clinical studies to optimize inpatient medical therapy in this high-risk patient population.
Mental Health Services in Colombia: a national implementation study and a call to the community
Authors: Agudelo-Hernández Felipe , Rojas-Andrade Rodrigo 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Background: the laws in Latin American countries are based on scientific evidence that indicates the need for community mental health services, however, these care modalities present implementation problems. Objective: to describe the implementation of mental health services in Colombia with an emphasis on community interventions, such as support groups and mutual aid groups. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study. An instrument was used to determine the level of implementation of these services, consisting of a Likert-type scale that established the climate of implementation, and questions about the usefulness of the services, which were completed by 31 of 35 mental health department leaders and by leaders of nationally registered mutual aid and support groups. Correlations were made between the implementation climate, the core components of community strategies and their benefits. A bivariate correlation was made between the scale of implementation and the use of services. Results: a low availability of all the services was found in four departments and an implementation of the services in only two. The least implemented services are the community ones, and those with the greatest presence at the territorial level are emergencies and hospitalization. Regarding community strategies, important barriers were identified, among the main ones a poor relationship of the groups with national organizations and the health system; the essential components of its functioning were active agency and trust. Conclusion: middle- and low-income countries have few community models and invest a large part of their technical and economic effort in emergencies and hospitalization. There are difficulties in the implementation of most of the services proposed by the Mental Health Law of Colombia. Despite the implementation difficulties that persist in the studied context, important benefits for mental health are perceived in these interventions.
Early detection of myocardial ischemia in resting ECG: Analysis by HHT
Authors: Wang Chun-Lin , Wei Chiu-Chi , Tsai Cheng-Ting , Lee Ying-Hsiang , Liu Lawrence Yu-Min , Chen Kang-Ying , Lin Yu-Jen , Lin Po-Lin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: Exercise electrocardiography (ECG) is a noninvasive test aiming at producing ischemic changes. However, resting ECG cannot be adopted in diagnosing myocardial ischemia till ST-segment depressions. Therefore, this study aimed to detect myocardial energy defects in resting ECG using the Hilbert–Huang transformation (HHT) in patients with angina pectoris.Methods: Electrocardiographic recordings of positive exercise ECG by performing coronary imaging test (n=26) and negative exercise ECG (n=47) were collected. Based on the coronary stenosis severity, patients were divided into three categories: normal, <50%, and ≥50%. During the resting phase of the exercise ECG, all 10-s ECG signals are decomposed by HHT. The RT intensity index, composed of the power spectral density of the P, QRS, and T components, is used to estimate the myocardial energy defect.Results: After analyzing the resting ECG using HHT, the RT intensity index was significantly higher in patients with positive exercise ECG (27.96%) than in those with negative exercise ECG (22.30%) (p<0.001). In patients with positive exercise ECG, the RT intensity index was gradually increasing with the severity of coronary stenosis: 25.25% (normal, n=4), 27.14% (stenosis <50%, n=14), and 30.75% (stenosis ≥50%, n=8). The RT intensity index of different coronary stenoses was significantly higher in patients with negative exercise ECG, except for the normal coronary imaging test.Conclusions: Patients with coronary stenosis had a higher RT index at the resting stage of exercise ECG. Resting ECG analyzed using HHT could be a method for the early detection of myocardial ischemia.
Text summarization based on semantic graphs: An abstract meaning representation graph-to-text deep learning approach
Authors: Kouris Panagiotis , Alexandridis Georgios , Stafylopatis Andreas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, due to the constantly growing amount of textual information, automatic text summarization constitutes an important research area in natural language processing. In this work, we present a novel framework that combines semantic graph representations along with deep learning predictions to generate abstractive summaries of single documents, in an effort to utilize a semantic representation of the unstructured textual content in a machine-readable, structured, and concise manner. The overall framework is based on a well defined methodology for performing semantic graph parsing, graph construction, graph transformations for machine learning models and deep learning predictions. The employed semantic graph representation focuses on using the model of abstract meaning representation. Several combinations of graph construction and graph transformation methods are investigated to specify the most efficient of them for the machine learning models. Additionally, a range of deep learning architectures is examined, including a sequence-to-sequence attentive network, reinforcement learning, transformer-based architectures, and pre-trained neural language models. In this direction, a semantic graph representation of an original text is extracted, and then the present framework formulates the problem as a graph-to-summary learning problem to predict a summary of an original text. To the best of our knowledge, this formulation of graph-to-summary predictions in abstractive text summarization, without other intermediate steps in the machine learning phase, has not been presented in the relevant literature. Another important contribution is an extension of a metric for assessing the factual consistency of the generated summaries in an effort to provide a qualitative evaluation. To assess the framework, an extensive experimental procedure is presented that uses popular datasets to evaluate key aspects of the proposed approach. The obtained results exhibit promising performance, validating the robustness of the proposed framework.
PP-QIGA: A Privacy-Preserving Quantum Inspired Genetic Algorithm for the Double Digest Problem
Authors: Suo Jingwen , Gu Lize , Yan Xingyu , Yang Sijia , Hu Xiaoya , Wang Licheng 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background: The double digest problem (DDP), a fundamental problem for reordering genetic fragments in a proper sequence, is one of the NP-hard problems in bioinformatics. During the past decades, many algorithms for dealing with the DDP problem were proposed. Among them, quantum inspired genetic algorithms (QIGA) have shown outstanding performance. However, none of the existing algorithms consider solving DDP under the well-known framework of outsourcing computation. In addition, none of them consider the issue of privacy-preserving of the DDP instances. Results: In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving outsourcing computation framework, PP-QIGA, for solving the DDP problem by resorting to the idea of cloud computation, and meantime keep the privacy of the input DDP instances. Our main technical contribution is an order-preserving homomorphic index scheme (OPHI) that is tailored from an order-preserving homomorphic encryption scheme since for solving DDP, the decryption process is unnecessary. Under the PP-QIGA framework, the OPHI scheme is used to encrypt the input DDP instances. After the execution of QIGA, the optimal solution, i.e. two mapping sequences, would be output. From these sequences, none, even the cloud server for running QIGA, can learn any information about the original DDP data. Our experiments show that PP-QIGA can find optional solutions with a high success rate towards typical test DDP instances and random DDP instances. In addition, PP-QIGA takes less running time than DDmap, SK05 and GM12 while protecting data privacy, and a little bit more than that of QIGA, which is within an acceptable range. The success rate of PP-QIGA is almost the same as that of QIGA. Conclusion: Therefore, PP-QIGA is a more effective way to solve the DDP problem.
Challenges in Regional Planning and Management in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Szlafsztein Claudio F. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Territorial management in the Amazon region of Brazil presents important challenges for the coming years, considering the unresolved problems of the main government instrument, the Economic Ecological Zoning of the EEZ, and the changes that are taking place in this territory. The EEZ is an instrument that has been applied at different scales for more than 30 years, but it has not been able to overcome the problems related to the diverse and profound pressures on the environment and the poor quality of the social and economic development of the population. In this sense, the article presents, based on its own experiences, government information and data and interviews with managers who worked in the elaboration of the EEZ, a reflection on the main obstacles resulting from the implementation of the EEZ and the changes in the development processes in the region (increasing demand for energy, economic production based on natural resources, climate change). Finally, possible ways of overcoming these challenges are presented, considering methodological guidelines, governance and ways of social participation.
Object detection and size determination of pineapple fruit input to a juicing factory in Eastern Cape, South Africa: A deep learning approach
Authors: Harris Jessica , Er Şebnem 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This research presents a deep learning approach to determine pineapple size from images, to identify the instances of pineapples, and subsequently to extract fruit dimensions using the OpenCV library. This was achieved by first detecting pineapples in each image using Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) and then extracting the pixel diameter and length measurements, and the projected areas from the detected mask outputs. Various Mask R-CNNs were considered for the task of pineapple detection. The best-performing detector (Model 4: COCO Fliplr Res50) made use of MS COCO starting weights, a ResNet50 CNN backbone, and horizontal flipping data augmentation during the training process. This model achieved a validation AP@[0.5:0.05:0.95] of 0.914 and a test AP@[0.5:0.05:0.95] of 0.901, and was used to predict masks for an unseen dataset containing images of pre-measured pineapples. The distributions of measurements extracted from the detected masks were compared to those of the manual measurements using two-sample Z-tests and Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) tests. There was sufficient similarity between the distributions, and it was therefore established that the reported method is appropriate for pineapple size determination in this context.
Self /other recognition and distinction in adolescents’ with Anorexia Nervosa: a double mirror paradigm
Authors: Lavenne-Collot Nathalie , Maubant Emilie , Deroulez Stéphanie , Bronsard Guillaume , Botbol Michel , Berthoz Alain 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The body plays a major role in defining, understanding and treating anorexia nervosa. Much research has focused on patients' physical body representation or their own perceived body, but without explicit reference to their relationship to others and the social processes involved. Yet, there are a several arguments supporting impairments in interpersonal relationships in these patients. Notably, some evidence suggests that self/other distinction (SOD), the ability to distinguish one's own body, actions and mental representations from those of others could be impaired in anorexia. But research remains scarce in this area.
Material and Methods
A single-centre, prospective pilot study was conducted to investigate, for the first time, self-recognition and SOD in seven adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) compared with matched healthy controls (HCs) using the "Alter Ego"TM double mirror paradigm. This innovative device allows the progressive morphing of one’s own face to that of another and vice versa between two subjects that interact on opposite sides of the device. Two judgement criteria were used: 1) M1: the threshold at which subjects start to recognize their own face during other-to-self morphing, and 2) M2: the threshold at which subjects start to recognize the other’s face during self-to-other morphing. In a second part, the same procedure was reproduced under 5 different sensorimotor conditions to examine their effects on self-recognition and SOD.
Results
The results showed that the participants with AN exhibited earlier self-recognition in the other-to-self sequence and delayed other-recognition in the self-to-other sequence. Furthermore, in contrast with that of HCs, the critical threshold for switching between self and other varied with the direction of morphing in AN participants. Finally, when anorexic subjects were seated in a chair with the backrest and footrest touching their body, the self-recognition threshold (M1) increased significantly, approaching that of controls.
Conclusions
Although additional research is needed to replicate the results of this preliminary study, it revealed the first behavioural evidence of altered SOD in individuals with AN through an embodied, semiecological face-recognition paradigm. Relationships between body perception and alterations in interpersonal relationships are discussed as well as new research and therapeutic perspectives are presented.
Enrollment Trends Among Patients With Melanoma Brain Metastasis in Active Clinical Trials
Authors: Elghawy Omar , Banfield Walter , Horton Bethany , Kaur Varinder 
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose
The central nervous system is one of the most common first sites of distant metastasis and systemic treatment failure for melanoma patients. These patients have also been traditionally excluded from clinical trials despite check-point inhibitors showing remarkable CNS efficacy. This study aims to determine the current state of prospective melanoma research in regard to inclusion of patients with CNS metastases.
Methods
Trial data were collected from ClinicalTrials.gov and were excluded if they were specific for other disease types, excluded advanced melanoma, or did not include a systemic anticancer pharmaceutical. Inclusion of active CNS disease and exclusion of CNS disease were the co-primary end points.
Results
475 trials were identified and 387 trials met the inclusion criteria. 268 (69.3%) trials excluded patients based on their CNS disease and 12.9% of trials did not specify whether these patients were included. 196 (50.6%) trials excluded patients with any leptomeningeal disease and 41.1% of trials required local treatment for these patients to be included. In univariate analysis, trials not using immunotherapy (IO) therapy and non-pharmaceutical sponsor trials were twice as likely to include patients with active CNS disease. In multivariate analysis IO therapy and inclusion of leptomeningeal disease were associated with CNS disease.
Conclusion
Although relevant advances in treatment options for metastatic melanoma have greatly improved patient outcomes, many ongoing clinical trials continue to exclude patients with CNS metastasis from participation.
An Atypical Presentation of Antibody Negative Axonal Guillain Barré Syndrome
Authors: Grewal Jasmin , Reinoso Dixie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an antibody mediated peripheral nerve disorder that commonly presents after infection, usually campylobacter jejuni.8 Guillain Barré can be broken down into two different forms: axonal and demyelinating. The demyelinating form is termed acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. The axonal form can further be categorized into acute motor neuropathy and acute motor and sensory neuropathy. In typical cases of GBS, patients present with acute, progressive, symmetrical, ascending flaccid paralysis reaching peak severity within 5-9 days of symptom onset. All forms of GBS are diagnosed clinically. Patients who present with the progression of symptoms as mentioned above are thought to have GBS unless a better diagnosis is available.7 However, diagnosing GBS can become difficult when patients present with atypical symptoms. The case discussed in this article focuses on the complexity of diagnosing and treating patients who present with atypical GBS symptoms.
Seed Coat and Water Absorption Properties of Seed of Near-isogenic Snap Bean Lines Differing in Seed Coat Color1
Authors: Wyatt J. E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Differences in water absorption by intact seeds and in osmotic properties of excised seed coats were measured in 4 near-isogenic breeding lines of snap bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. White seeds absorbed water more rapidly than colored seeds. Excised white seed coats were more permeable to water than colored seed coats in response to an osmotic gradient. Seed coat thickness and seed coat dry weight were negatively correlated with rate of osmosis through the seed coats. Colored seeds had greater seed coat dry weight and thickness than white-seeded isolines.
Action of the Non-ripening (nor) Mutant on Fruit Ripening of Tomato1
Authors: Ng Timothy J. , Tigchelaar E. C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Changes in respiration, ethylene production, firmness, pectolytic enzyme activity and carotenoid accumulation during ripening were monitored in fruit of a segregating population of the non-ripening (nor) mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). In fruit from mutant (nor/nor) plants, no respiratory or ethylene climacteric was observed, firmness declined very slowly with only trace levels of polygalacturonase present in mature fruit and phytoene, β-carotene and neurosporene were the major carotenes. In very old fruit (120 days’ post-anthesis), lycopene and β-carotene were the predominant carotenoids, however lycopene content was less than 10% of normal.
Ripening of fruit from heterozygous (nor+/nor) plants was delayed and occurred more slowly than for normal (nor+/nor+) fruit. The respiratory climacteric was partially suppressed, peak ethylene production was one-sixth of normal, fruit softening was retarded, and polygalacturonase activity was lower at comparable maturity stages. Fruit from heterozygous (nor+nor) plants accumulated lycopene, gamma-carotene, phytofluene, and phytoene at a slower rate, but β-carotene accumulation was similar to normal. A mechanism for action of nor in control of ripening is proposed.
Identification of Tree Fruit Species by Pollen Ultrastructure1
Authors: Fogle Harold W. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Differences in size and surface ultrastructure of pollen grains are useful for distinguishing species of tree fruits. Peach (Prunus persica [L.] Batsch) and nectarine (P. persica var. nectarina [Ait.] Maxim.) have the largest pollen grains, about 62 × 32 μm, and have similar surface markings. Apricot (P. armeniaca L.), like peach, pollen has ridges of exine which are generally longitudinal and shallow, but the grains are slightly smaller. Pollen of European plum (P. domestica L.) is slightly shorter and comparatively wider than that of peach and has the most prominent and complex exine ridging of the tree fruit species. Japanese plum (P. salicina Lindl.) pollen has similar conformation and surface appearance to that of peach but is only one-half as large. Sweet cherry (P. avium [L.] L.) and apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) pollens are about three-fourths the dimensions of those of peach and have narrower ridges. Apple has the least coarse ridges of any of the tree fruits. Sweet cherry has many abortive grains and its exine ridges are more distinct than those of apple. Sour cherry (P. cerasus L.) pollen is about one-half the size of peach pollen and has prominent ridges and many abortive grains. Pear (Pyrus communis L.) pollen is also about one-half the length of peach pollen but comparatively wider; it has shallow but distinct and complex ridges and some abortive grains.
A Morphological Study of the Development of Reproductive Structures of Phaseolus vulgaris L.1
Authors: Webster Barbara D. , Tucker C. L. , Lynch Steven P. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The high degree of self-pollination in Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Light Red Kidney is attributed to the fact that flowers are autogamous and to the following characteristics: proximity of anthers and stigma at time of maturity; simultaneous maturation of pollen and receptivity of the stigamtic surface; and, possibly, to the position and orientation of stylar hairs. A morphologically variant pistil, in which the stigma is receptive when the flower is fully open, develops in a few flowers. Such flowers may be cross-pollinated by bees or other insects. The sugary secretion of stigmatic epidermal cells appears to enhance pollen retention and may provide an environment conducive to pollen germination.
Accumulation and Loss of Sugars and Reduced Ascorbic Acid in Attached and Detached Tomato Fruits1
Authors: Betancourt Luis A. , Stevens M. Allen , Kader Adel A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) ripened on the plant had higher total solids, soluble solids, and reducing sugars than those which were analyzed at the “breaker” stage (incipient red color). Fruits detached as “breaker” and ripened off the plant lost solids and sugars during ripening. The total solids and reducing sugars concentration in fruits ripened on the plant were about 9% and 18% (‘Ace 55’) or 15% and 23% (‘Rick High Sugar’) higher, respectively, than in fruits ripened off the plant.
Fruits analyzed at the “breaker” stage contained only 69.2% (‘Ace 55’) or 43.6% (‘Rick High Sugar’) of their potential reduced ascorbic acid concentration if ripened on the vine to table-ripe. Fruits accumulated ascorbic acid during ripening on or off the plant, but the increase was 16% to 27% greater for those fruits left on the plant.