bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological Investigation of the Cleaning Effectiveness of Different Biomechanic Processes of Isthmus in Lower Molars
Authors: Aydın Rabia N. , Gençoğlu Nimet 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different instruments (Hyflex, ROTATE, and hand files) and irrigation methods (EndoUltra, EndoActivator, and side-perforated syringe) in the mesial root canal of a mandibular first molar with isthmuses.
Materials and Methods Sixty-three mandibular molar teeth with isthmus were selected using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The root canals were instrumented with Hyflex, ROTATE, or hand files (21 of each) and three of each as control group and the specimens were embedded in silicone blocks. Final irrigation was performed with the perforated syringe or ultrasonic (EndoUltra) or sonic irrigation (EndoActivator). All canals were irrigated using 5.25% NaOCl solution (15 mL). Then, the roots were stained with hematoxylin–eosin, and specimens were sliced for histologic evaluation. The isthmus regions (2.7, 3, 4.7, and 5 mm from the apex) were analyzed, and the percentage of debris was calculated.
Statistical Analysis All data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's tests.
Results Both Hyflex and ROTATE groups showed less debris compared with the hand instrument group (P < 0.05). When irrigation methods were compared, EndoUltra showed the least, followed by EndoActivator and perforated needle irrigation having the maximum debris (p < 0.05). When sections were compared, the maximum debris was found in the apical section and the least in the coronal section (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Although none of the methods cleaned the isthmus completely, nickel–titanium (NiTi) systems and ultrasonic and sonic systems removed more debris than the side-perforated needle syringe irrigation.
Characterization of persistent headache attributed to past stroke
Authors: Rêgo André , Pinheiro Rita , Delgado Sofia , Bernardo Francisco , Parreira Elsa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background Persistent headache attributed to past stroke (PHAPS) is a controversial entity, recently included in the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) despite being described only in retrospective studies.
Objective To determine the frequency and characteristics of PHAPS in patients admitted with acute stroke.
Methods We selected all patients with headache associated with acute stroke (HAAS) from a prospective, single-center registry of patients with acute stroke admitted to a Neurology ward between November 2018 and December 2019. We analyzed demographic, clinical, and neuroimaging data. We assessed the follow-up with a phone call questionnaire at 6 to 12 months.
Results Among 121 patients with acute stroke, only 29 (24.0%) had HAAS. From these, 6 (5.0%) were lost to follow-up. In total, 23 (20.0%) patients answered the 6- to 12-month follow-up questionnaire and were included in this study. The median age of the sample was 53 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 38–78 years), and there was no sex predominance. Of the 10 patients (8,3%) that had persistent headache, 8 (6.6%) suffered from previous chronic headaches; however, they all mentioned a different kind of headache, and 1 (0,8%) probably had headache secondary to medication.
Conclusions In the present study, only 10 out of 121 stroke patients (8.3%) referred persistent headache at the 6- to 12-month follow-up, but the majority already suffered from previous chronic headache, which raises the question that the actual prevalence of PHAPS may be lower than previously reported.
Evaluation of electrocardiographic P wave parameters in predicting long-term atrial fibrillation in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Çinar Tufan , Hayiroğlu Mert İlker , Selçuk Murat , Cinier Göksel , Çiçek Vedat , Doğan Selami , Kiliç Şahhan , Asal Süha , Atmaca Murat Mert , Orhan Ahmet Lütfullah 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background Electrocardiographic parameters, such as P wave peak time (PWPT), P wave duration (PWD), and P wave amplitude in lead DI, have been utilized to assess left atrial anomalies linked to the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) in different cohort settings.
Objective To compare electrocardiographic parameters, such as P waves, in predicting long-term AF risk in acute ischemic stroke cases.
Methods The data of 231 consecutive acute ischemic stroke cases were retrospectively collected. Two independent cardiologists interpreted the electrocardiography recordings for PWPT, PWD, and P wave amplitude in lead DI. The median follow-up study period was 16 (interquartile range [IQR]: 11–24) months.
Results In total, AF was detected in 43 (18.6%) cases. All studied P wave parameters were found to be statistically significant in cases with AF. Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis, dementia, left atrium volume index, PWD (razão de chances [RC]: 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.058–1.184; p = 0.003), PWPT in lead DII (RC: 1.030; 95%CI: 1.010–1.050; p = 0.003), and advanced interatrial block morphology were independent predictors of long-term AF. P wave duration had the highest area under the curve value, sensitivity, and specificity for long-term AF in such cases compared with the other P wave parameters.
Conclusions Our head-to-head comparison of well-known P wave parameters demonstrated that PWD might be the most useful P wave parameter for long-term AF in acute ischemic stroke cases.
Early Radiographic Outcomes of Vascularized Pedicle Bone Grafting in Foot: A Case Series
Authors: Coxe Francesca R. , Bogner Eric A. , Cooke Margaret E. , O'Malley Martin J. , Ellis Scott J. , Fufa Duretti T. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background Navicular nonunion and talar avascular necrosis may result from limited blood supply predisposing to injury and impaired healing. Vascularized pedicled bone grafting is a promising adjunct to treat these challenging conditions, offering the susceptible diseased site structural and vascular support. We report the early radiographic and clinical outcomes of vascularized pedicled bone grafting in patients with navicular nonunion, talonavicular fusion nonunion, and talar avascular necrosis.
Methods Patients with navicular nonunion, talonavicular fusion nonunion, or talar avascular necrosis who underwent vascularized pedicled bone grafting at our institution from January 2014 to February 2019 were retrospectively identified. Radiographic evidence of healing was monitored postoperatively as defined by: progression toward union on CT for nonunion and absence of disease progression on MRI or CT for avascular necrosis. Surgical complications and need for additional surgeries were documented.
Results Eight patients were included who underwent vascularized pedicled bone grafting for navicular nonunion (N = 5), talonavicular fusion nonunion (N = 1), and talar avascular necrosis (N = 2). Average clinical follow-up was 10.8 months (range 4–37). All patients had 4 or more months postoperative radiographic follow-up with MRI or CT. Seven of eight patients demonstrated evidence of radiographic healing. One patient required additional surgery due to external fixator pin site infection. No other complications were reported.
Conclusion Our results corroborate prior case series suggesting vascularized pedicled bone grafting is a safe and reliable procedure for treating navicular nonunion, talonavicular fusion nonunion, or talar avascular necrosis with potential to spare or delay need for salvage procedures in the younger patient population.
Level of Evidence The evidence level is Level V.
Does Surgeon Level of Expertise Correlate with Patient Outcomes?
Authors: Geller Joseph S. , Cohen Lara L. , Massel Dustin H. , Donato Zachary J. , Chen David , Dodds Seth D. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background It is difficult to evaluate the results of surgical techniques as there is inherent variability between surgeons in regard to experience, skill level, and knowledge. Tang suggested a classification system in 2009 in an attempt to standardize surgeon level of expertise, with categories ranging from nonspecialist (Level I) to expert (Level V). This epidemiological analysis of all articles citing Tang's original paper examines if a surgeon's self-reported level of expertise correlates with outcomes and evaluates whether the current definition of Tang level is sufficient to account for expertise bias.
Methods In May 2021, all articles citing Tang level of expertise were identified (N = 222). Articles were included if they described a novel technique and provided author(s)' levels (n = 205). Statistical analysis was conducted, and p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Results The most common specialties reporting Tang level of expertise were orthopaedic surgery (82.9%) and plastic surgery (15.5%). The most common subspecialty was hand surgery. 2020 was the year with the most studies reporting level of expertise (31.7%), followed by 2021 (20.0%) and 2019 (17.1%). The majority of studies (80.5%) reported positive results with their technique, and of these, 63.3% were statistically significant. Level of expertise was not significantly associated with a doctoral degree, type of residency completed, fellowship completion, hand fellowship, author sex, study type, or result significance.
Discussion The current Tang classification is both underreported and incomplete in its present state. To account for expertise bias, we recommend all authors report Tang level when describing surgical techniques. Studies with multiple authors should explicitly state the level of each author, as well as a weighted average accounting for the total contribution of each individual.
Long-term Outcomes following Operative Management of Pediatric Scapholunate Ligament Injuries
Authors: van Kampen Robert J. , Fox Paige M. , Baltzer Heather L. , Moran Steven L. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background Scapholunate (SL) ligament injuries are rarely diagnosed in children. This study reports the outcomes of surgically treated SL ligament injuries in patients younger than 18 years.
Methods A retrospective review was performed on 20 pediatric patients with SL ligament injuries. Records were reviewed for preoperative and postoperative radiographic data, intraoperative findings, classifications of interosseous ligament injury, and postoperative course.
Results Thirteen girls and seven boys sustained SL injuries requiring operative intervention and were followed for an average of 26 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 15 patients, which revealed an SL tear in 7 patients. Arthroscopically, SL injuries were classified as Geissler grade III in 12 patients and grade IV in 5 patients. Based on the Mayo Wrist Score, nine patients had excellent or good results, while six demonstrated fair results. The mean wrist flexion–extension arc was 109 degrees, while the mean grip strength was 82% of the unaffected side. Patients treated >1 year following injury had significantly decreased grip strength and Mayo Wrist Score.
Conclusion In this study, worse results were seen in children with a protracted course prior to treatment of an SL injury. A high index of suspicion is necessary to detect an SL injury in the younger age group and should be in the differential for those with persistent dorsal wrist pain, tenderness over the dorsal SL joint, and/or positive Watson's test. MRI may assist in diagnosis but is not definitive to rule out injury. Arthroscopy is valuable to determine the extent of injury.
FPGA: Field programmable gate array-based four-channel embedded system for ultrasonic imaging of under-water concrete structures
Authors: Jain Harshit , Patankar V. H. 
Published: November 2022

Non-destructive testing is needed for the evaluation of quality and safety of concrete structures in the field of civil engineering. The imaging of concrete/reinforced cement concrete structures (RCC) is a challenging task due to the non-homogeneous properties of the concrete material. To address this challenge, a novel real-time, re-configurable, four-channel embedded system has been designed and developed to image the internal details of the concrete samples using the water immersion pulse-echo (PE) mode under automation, which needs access from one side of the structure. The system performs data acquisition (DAQ) of the amplified echo signals under the control of the computer via a universal serial bus interface. A graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed using C# in a Visual environment, for image acquisition and control of the DAQ parameters. The performance of the system has been evaluated by acquiring B-Scan images of three types of concrete test blocks having side drilled holes (SDHs) and simulated inclusions embedded in concrete blocks of M20 grade using a linear array of 92 kHz water immersion transducers operating in under-water PE mode. The acquired B-Scan images revealed the internal details of the concrete test blocks with sizing of the SDHs and inclusions. Therefore, the developed four-channel ultrasonic imaging system can visualize the internal details of under-water concrete structures, such as bridges and sea links, with the help of corresponding 2-D cross-sectional images, acquired using the developed system.
Design of a Multi-Monochromatic X-ray Imager (MMI) for Kr K-shell line emission
Authors: Gallardo-Diaz E. , Mancini R. C. , Cliche D. T. , Tommasini R. 
Published: November 2022

The Multi-Monochromatic X-ray Imager (MMI) is a time-gated spectrometer used in implosion experiments at the OMEGA laser facility. From the data, electron temperature and density spatial distributions can be obtained at different implosion times. Previous MMI designs used Ar K-shell emission (3–6 keV) as a spectroscopic tracer and provided a spectral resolution of around 20 eV. However, Ar K-shell line emission becomes less useful at electron temperatures above 2 keV due to over-ionization. Kr K-shell (12–16 keV) has been shown to be an attractive alternative to diagnose hot implosion cores in recent publications. The purpose of this paper is to show a new point design that allows the MMI to detect this higher photon energy range with suitable spectral resolution. The algorithm used to find the optimal design couples a ray-tracing code and an exhaustive parameter space search. This algorithm may be useful as a tool to find optimal MMI designs for other purposes, i.e., other spectral regions for other spectroscopic tracers. The main change between the two designs is the replacement of the multi-layer mirror with a flat Bragg Ge (220) crystal. The final Kr K-shell MMI design has a photon energy range from 12 to 16.1 keV.
Recovering information in an asymptotically flat spacetime in quantum gravity
Authors: Chowdhury Chandramouli , Papadoulaki Olga 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
As an extension of Chowdhury et al (2021 SciPost Phys.
10 106) and Laddha et al (2021 SciPost Phys.
10 041) we present a physical protocol that a set of observers can use to detect a pure state in the bulk when they are spread across a small cut near

in flat spacetime. The protocol involves the modification of a bulk state using simple unitary operators and measurements of the energy of the state. The states that we study are constructed by acting with low energy operators on a vacuum state such that a perturbative analysis is valid. We restrict ourselves to

3
+
1

dimensional spacetimes and only consider massless excitations. From this analysis, the principle of holography of information becomes manifest in the case of asymptotically flat spacetime.
Resonant jumps induced by stationary tidal perturbation: a two-for-one deal
Authors: Gupta Priti , Kakehi Takafumi , Tanaka Takahiro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) are promising target sources for space-based interferometers such as LISA, Taiji, and Tianqin. Depending on the astrophysical environment, such as close perturbers or an accretion disk, EMRI orbital evolution may deviate from the predictions of general relativity in vacuum. In particular, we focus on the resonance jumps, i.e. the changes of the conserved quantities induced by a stationary perturbation to the background Kerr geometry. Using Hamiltonian formulation, we provide a closed relation between the jump in Carter constant and that in the axial component of angular momentum. It is also shown that the obtained relation is consistent with the fitting formulae computed for the tidal resonance in previous works.
Neutron phase contrast imaging of PbWO4 crystals for G experiment test masses using a Talbot-Lau neutron interferometer
Authors: Assumin-Gyimah K T A , Dutta D , Hussey D S , Snow W M , Langlois C , Lee V 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The use of transparent test/source masses can benefit future measurements of Newton’s gravitational constant G. Such transparent test mass materials can enable nondestructive, quantitative internal density gradient measurements using optical interferometry and allow in-situ optical metrology methods to be realized for the critical distance measurements often needed in a G apparatus. To confirm the sensitivity of such optical interferometry measurements to internal density gradients it is desirable to conduct a check with a totally independent technique. We present an upper bound on possible internal density gradients in lead tungstate (PbWO4) crystals using a Talbot-Lau neutron interferometer on the Cold Neutron Imaging Facility at NIST. We placed an upper bound on a fractional atomic density gradient in two PbWO4 test crystals of

1
N

d
N

d
x

<
0.5
×

10

−
6

cm−1. This value is about two orders of magnitude smaller than required for G measurements. We discuss the implications of this result and of other nondestructive methods for characterization of internal density inhomogeneties which can be applied to test masses in G experiments.
Exploring the subtle factors that control the structural preferences in Cu7Te4
Authors: Koch Peter , Steinberg Simon 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In the quest for materials suited as components in future technologies, the copper-rich regions of the binary Cu–Te system have been of great interest. In this context, several explorative efforts were also focused on Cu7Te4 which was reported to crystallize with different types of structure. To explore the structural preferences for two Cu7Te4 structure models, both experimental as well as quantum-chemical means were employed. The crystal structures of both Cu7Te4 types are composed of hexagonal closest packed layers of tellurium atoms, and differ in the respective distributions of the copper atoms between these layers. The analysis of the electronic structures was accomplished based on the densities-of-states, Mulliken charges, projected crystal orbital Hamilton populations, and electron localization functions of both structure models, and its outcome indicates that the factors that control the formation of a respective type of structure are rather subtle.
Cross-domain fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on graph feature extraction
Authors: Wang Pei , Liu Jie , Zhou Jianzhong , Duan Ran , Jiang Wei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Transfer learning can realize cross-domain fault diagnosis of rotating machinery, where the model trained on many labeled samples collected in one working condition can be transferred to insufficient samples collected in the target working condition. Currently, the data features cannot be completely extracted by existing methods when the data distribution gap of the samples collected in different working conditions is quite large. In order to fully extract the data features of rotating machinery to achieve cross-domain fault diagnosis, this paper investigated a cross-domain fault diagnosis model of rotating machinery based on graph feature extraction. The proposed method can realize unsupervised fault diagnosis on rotating machinery running under different working conditions by extracting the numerical and structural features of source and target domains. First of all, data features with large data distribution gaps need to be fully extracted, so a convolutional network based on a deformable convolutional network (De-conv) is designed to extract the features with large differences in data distribution under various working conditions. Secondly, features are extracted based on a convolutional neural network for data values in existing domain adaptation (DA) methods while the structure features of machine monitoring data are ignored. Therefore, a composite spectral-based graph convolutional network is designed to extract structural features of data. Thirdly, fully extracted features are input into a universal DA network to achieve cross-domain fault diagnosis of unknown faults in rotating machinery under changing working conditions. Finally, a benchmarking data set and a data set collected from a practical experimental platform are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, and the results show that it is more suitable for cross-domain fault diagnosis of rotating machinery than other comparison models.
A novel maximum correntropy adaptive extended Kalman filter for vehicle state estimation under non-Gaussian noise
Authors: Qi Dengliang , Feng Jingan , Wan Wenkang , Song Bao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
For vehicle state estimation, conventional Kalman filters work well under Gaussian assumptions. Still, they are likely to degrade dramatically in the practical non-Gaussian situation (especially the noise is heavy-tailed), showing poor accuracy and robustness. This article presents an estimation technique based on the maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) combined with an adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF), and an extended Kalman filter (EKF) based on the MCC has also been studied. A lateral-longitudinal coupled vehicle model is developed, while an observer containing the state vectors such as yaw rate, sideslip angle, vehicle velocity and tire cornering stiffness is designed using easily available in-vehicle sensors and low-cost GPS. After analyzing the algorithmic complexity, the proposed algorithm is validated by sine steering input and double lane change driving scenarios. Finally, it is found that MCC combined with AEKF/EKF has stronger robustness and better estimation accuracy than AEKF/EKF in dealing with non-Gaussian noise for vehicle state estimation.