bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterisation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks from domestic dogs in Nigeria
Authors: Elelu N. , Bankole A. A. , Daphne H. P. , Rabiu M. , Ola‐Fadunsin S. D. , Ambali H. M. , Cutler S. J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRhipicephalus sanguineus is the most widely reported tick in the world. Molecular characterisation is important to verify its taxonomic status in the different parts of the world. In this study, we provide information on the molecular characterisation of R. sanguineus tick of dogs collected from Nigeria. Ticks were collected from 62 of 93 sampled dogs. The collected ticks were subjected to morphological identification with the aid of appropriate entomological keys. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the most prevalent tick species (R. sanguineus) and was subjected to further molecular characterisation protocols. The partial mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences (∼300 bp) were obtained from representative specimens. Data were statistically analysed using the chi‐square (χ2) test. Phylogenetic analysis was performed including different lineages of R. sanguineus (sl) from Africa, Asia, Europe and America, and other species belonging to the R. sanguineus ‘tropical lineage’ (R. linnaei) as well as Rhipicephalus turanicus and Ixodes ricinus. Results of this study showed that R. sanguineus was the most abundant ticks of dogs with a prevalence of 61.8% (68/110; 95% CI = 52.5–70.54), followed by Amblyomma variegatum (20.0%) and Haemaphysalis leachi (18.2%). The molecular analysis shows that they are genetically different from the temperate strains but closely related to those from other West African countries. There is a need to establish the vector competence of this common Nigerian dog tick.
High adsorption performance of Cr(VI) ions from the electroplating waste solution using surface‐modified porous poly 2‐((methacryloxy)methyl)oxirane polymers
Authors: Alharthi Sarah , Alharthy Saif A , Manaa El‐Sayed A. , Abd El‐Magied Mahmoud O. , Salem Waheed M. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe stainless steel waste solutions, produced during the electroplating process, were found to contain high chromium content (43.52 g/L). To avoid environmental chromium contamination and chromium toxicity, these wastes must be treated. In this work, new surface‐modified porous poly‐2‐((methacryloxy)‐methyl)‐oxirane polymers were synthesized, characterized, and then used to recover Cr (VI) from electroplating waste solution. Based on the obtained results, Cr(VI) adsorption improved with time and initial metal ion concentration. The results indicate a favourable chemisorption process controlled by pseudo second‐order rate and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms. The used polymers are capable of disposing of Cr(VI) species from wastewater with a maximum adsorption capacity of 4.21 and 5.31 mmol/g for RI@EDA and HCl@RI@EDA, respectively. The used resins showed superior affinity and efficiency in removing Cr(VI) from the electroplating waste solution.
Participant Validation: A Strategy to Strengthen the Trustworthiness of Your Study and Address Ethical Concerns
Authors: Lindheim Tone 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHow can you as a researcher ensure the trustworthiness of your data and results? This chapter presents participant validation as a strategy for doing so and discusses the ethical challenges that come with it. Participant validation implies that the researcher in one way or another presents the data material or the preliminary analysis to the informants to validate and assess interpretations. In this chapter, previous literature and studies of participant validation are reviewed, and a case study of cultural diversity and inclusion in the workplace is used as an example of how participant validation can be incorporated in the research process. The chapter shows how participant validation addresses as well as raises ethical concerns. The examples used in the chapter demonstrate how participant validation can contribute to qualitative research by generating new data that can be incorporated into a study. As an integrated part of the research process, participant validation represents a site and an opportunity for values work.
The ‘Telos’ as a Lens That Illuminates Values in Practice
Authors: Kurlberg Nina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe central question this chapter seeks to address is, how can the perspective of institutional logics contribute to research on values in organisational practice? Drawing on empirical research conducted within an international faith-based relief and development organisation in the UK, the argument advanced in this chapter is that it is the ‘telos’ of each institutional logic in action within the organisation—that is, its ultimate aim or intention—that shapes the values in operation within organisational practice. While all institutional logics are value-based, some are more explicitly so than others. By identifying the teloi of the institutional logics dominant within organisational practice, the values tacit within it are brought to light.
Definitions as Initial and Final Point of Values Research? Searching for Mysteries in Research Projects About Values in Organisational and Leadership Studies
Authors: Leis-Peters Annette 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe chapter at hand examines how definitions and (theoretical) conceptualisations can impact methodological choices and thus contribute to the development of empirical research about values. It does so by exploring different ways to define values and integrate them into a research design, with the help of the example of two selected projects in the field of organisational and leadership studies. Two steps in the research process are identified as natural contact sites for implementing value definitions in empirical studies: namely, selecting empirical data (or sampling) and concluding a study. The two selected research projects are analysed by asking how they define values, how these value definitions affect the data collection, and how they are part of the result presentation. The chapter concludes by encouraging values researchers to reflect more on the connection between empirical research and value definitions.
Intentionality and Agency in Values Work Research
Authors: Andersson Thomas 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis chapter addresses how intentionality and agency can be understood in relation to values and values work. How different degrees of intentionality relate to different dimensions of agency is something we need to understand empirically rather than as a point of departure. A connected challenge is to what extent people are aware of values that influence their actions and the values work they are involved in, but also to what extent they are aware of relations/conflicts between values that are imposed on them (e.g., from an employer) and personal values. This is also something we need to understand empirically. This chapter describes how different qualitative data collection methods have different strengths and weaknesses in relation to the above challenges and how a design of mixing them may enable a true empirical investigation of intentionality and agency in values work research.
Research Interviews to Investigate and Co-create Values
Authors: Espedal Gry 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, I will discuss how organisational values and values work can be investigated through a constructivist and qualitative process of research interviews. The presented process of doing research interviews follows a semi-structured and open-ended strategy of exploring a phenomenon. As such, the research interview is presented as a form of inter-viewing, of together-seeing, and as a place for connectedness and co-interpretation. Values become part of the reflexive, communicative act, in which words, proverbs, sayings and stories are brought into view, explored and interpreted.
Femoroazetabuläres Impingement-Syndrom bei Adoleszenten – Wie beraten? Wie behandeln?
Authors: Chiari Catharina , Lutschounig Marie-Christine , Nöbauer-Huhmann Iris , Windhager Reinhard 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Femoroazetabuläre Impingement-Syndrom (FAIS) ist eine relevante Ursache für Leistenschmerzen beim Jugendlichen. Insbesondere sind Sportler betroffen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die Arbeit soll einen evidenzbasierten Hintergrund für Beratung und Therapie des FAIS beim Adoleszenten bieten.

Material und Methoden
Anhand der aktuellen Literatur wurde eine Übersicht zu Prävalenz und Pathogenese, Abklärung und Diagnostik sowie therapeutischen Empfehlung des FAIS beim Adoleszenten erarbeitet.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Das FAIS beim Jugendlichen betrifft vor allem sportlich aktive Patienten. Bestimmte Sportarten begünstigen die Entstehung eines FAIS. Cam-Impingement, Pincer-Impingement und kombiniertes FAIS sind die häufigsten Entitäten in dieser Altersgruppe. Die Cam-Morphologie entsteht kurz vor Schluss der proximalen Femurwachstumsfuge. Beim Cam-Impingement muss die Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris (ECF) von der primären Cam-Morphologie unterschieden werden. Die ECF verlangt eine rasche operative Versorgung mit Stabilisierung der Epiphyse, während das primäre Cam-Impingement elektiv abgeklärt werden kann und ein konservativer Behandlungsversuch sinnvoll ist. Schäden an Labrum und Knorpel werden regelhaft beobachtet. Eine systematische radiologische Abklärung mittels Projektionsröntgen und MRT ist obligat, um einen adäquaten Therapieplan zu entwickeln. Bei jugendlichen Patienten mit FAIS sollte immer ein konservativer Therapieversuch erfolgen. Ist dieser nicht erfolgreich, ist die operative Sanierung mit Hüftarthroskopie indiziert. Die postoperativen Ergebnisse zeigen bei Jugendlichen sehr gute Erfolge mit rascher Besserung der Beschwerden, geringen Komplikationen und einer hohen „Return-to-sport“-Rate.
Aktuelle Trends des Cannabiskonsums
Authors: Schürenkamp J. 
Published: February 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Cannabis ist weltweit immer noch die am häufigsten konsumierte illegale Droge, aber auch der Einsatz von Medizinalcannabis oder auch als Lebens‑/Nahrungsergänzungsmittel steigt stetig. Somit sind Kenntnisse über diese verschiedenen Produkte und die Komplexität der rechtlichen Einordnung von Cannabis für die Rechtsmedizin und die forensische Toxikologie von großer Relevanz.

Fragestellung
Ziel der Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über aktuelle Trends des Cannabiskonsums zu geben und hierbei die verschiedenen Cannabisprodukte darzustellen sowie diese rechtlich einzuordnen.

Material und Methode
Für diese Übersichtarbeit wurde eine Literaturrecherche zu den verschiedenen Cannabisprodukten und ihrer rechtlichen Einordnung durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Beim Konsum von Tetrahydrocannabinol(THC)-reichem Cannabis zu Rauschzwecken ist ein Trend hin zu immer höheren THC-Gehalten im Pflanzenmaterial und zusätzlich zu intensiven Konsumformen wie dem „dabbing“ von Butan-Haschisch-Öl zu erkennen. Seit der Betäubungsmittelgesetzesänderung vom 10.03.2017 werden auch Cannabisblüten und -extrakte mit unterschiedlichen THC- bzw. Cannabidiol(CBD)-Gehalten auf Betäubungsmittelrezept stark zunehmend verordnet, einhergehend mit einer Steigerung der THC-Höchstverschreibungsmenge. Ein weiterer Trend besteht in dem Konsum von sogenannten CBD-Lifestyle-Produkten, die als Arzneimittel seit 2016 verschreibungspflichtig sind und als Lebensmittel nach Novel Food-Verordnung jeweils einzeln zu prüfen sind, ob sie als zulassungsbedürftiges neuartiges Lebensmittel einzustufen sind.

Schlussfolgerungen
Insgesamt ergibt sich für die forensisch-chemische sowie forensisch-toxikologische Beurteilung eine zunehmende Komplexität der potenziell konsumierten THC-haltigen Produkte, deren wissenschaftliche Untersuchung sowohl zur möglichen Differenzierbarkeit des Cannabismaterials als auch von biologischen Matrices nach Konsum verschiedener Cannabisprodukte notwendig macht.
The Evolution of the Treatment of Esophageal Achalasia: From the Open to the Minimally Invasive Approach
Authors: Schlottmann Francisco , Herbella Fernando A. M. , Patti Marco G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundAchalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder characterized by lack of esophageal peristalsis and partial or absent relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter in response to swallowing. This study aimed to provide an overview of the evolution of the surgical treatment for esophageal achalasia, from the open to the minimally invasive approach.MethodsLiterature review.ResultsNo curative treatment exists for this disorder. At the beginning of the 20th century, surgical esophagoplasties and cardioplasties were mostly done to treat achalasia. The description of the esophageal myotomy by Heller changed the treatment paradigm and rapidly became the treatment of choice. For many years the esophagomyotomy was done with either an open transthoracic or transabdominal approach. With the advancements of minimally invasive surgery, thoracoscopic and laparoscopic operations became available. The ability to add a fundoplication for the prevention of reflux made the laparoscopic Heller myotomy with partial fundoplication the operation of choice.ConclusionsSurgical management of esophageal achalasia has significantly evolved in the last century. Currently, minimally invasive Heller myotomy with partial fundoplication is the standard surgical treatment of achalasia.
High abundances of small copepods early developmental stages and nauplii strengthen the perception of a non-dormant Arctic winter
Authors: Barth-Jensen Coralie , Daase Malin , Ormańczyk M. R. , Varpe Øystein , Kwaśniewski Sławomir , Svensen Camilla 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe traditional view is that the Arctic polar night is a quiescent period for marine life, but recent reports of high levels of feeding and reproduction in both pelagic and benthic taxa have challenged this. We examined the zooplankton community present in Svalbard fjords, coastal waters, and the shelf break north of Svalbard, during the polar night. We focused on the population structure of abundant copepods (Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis, Metridia longa, Oithona similis, Pseudocalanus spp., Microcalanus spp., and Microsetella norvegica) sampled using 64-µm mesh nets. Numerically, copepod nauplii (≥ 50%) and the young developmental stages of small copepods (< 2 mm prosome length as adult) dominated the samples. Three main patterns were identified: (1) large Calanus spp. were predominantly older copepodids CIV–CV, while (2) the small harpacticoid M. norvegica were adults. (3) For other species, all copepodid stages were present. Older copepodids and adults dominated populations of O. similis, Pseudocalanus spp. and M. longa. In Microcalanus spp., high proportion of young copepodids CI–CIII indicated active winter recruitment. We discuss the notion of winter as a developing and reproductive period for small copepods in light of observed age structures, presence of nauplii, and previous knowledge about the species. Lower predation risks during winter may, in part, explain why this season could be beneficial as a period for development. Winter may be a key season for development of small, omnivorous copepods in the Arctic, whereas large copepods such as Calanus spp. seems to be reliant on spring and summer for reproduction and development.
Advances in measuring pediatric overall health: the PROMIS® Pediatric Global Health scale (PGH-7)
Authors: Luijten Michiel A. J. , Haverman Lotte , van Litsenburg Raphaële R. L. , Roorda Leo D. , Grootenhuis Martha A. , Terwee Caroline B. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the reliability, validity, and efficiency of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Global Health scale (PGH-7) to reduce patient burden when assessing overall health in clinical practice. In total, 1082 children (8–18), representative of the Dutch population, completed the PGH-7 and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™ 4.0), a common legacy instrument used in clinical practice to assess overall health. The assumptions for fitting an item response theory model were assessed: unidimensionality, local independence, and monotonicity. Subsequently, a model was fitted to the data to assess item fit and cultural differential item functioning (DIF) between Dutch and US children. A strong correlation (> .70) was expected between the PGH-7 and PedsQL, as both instruments measure physical, mental, and social domains of health. Percentages of participants reliably measured (> 0.90) were assessed using the standard error of measurement (SE(θ) < 0.32). Efficiency was calculated ((1 − SE(θ)2)/nitems) to compare how well both measures performed relative to number of items administered. The PGH-7 met all assumptions and displayed good structural and convergent (r = .69) validity. One item displayed cultural DIF. Both questionnaires measured reliably (%nPGH-7 = 73.8%, %nPedsQL = 76.6%) at the mean and 2SD in clinically relevant direction. PGH-7 items were 2.6 times more efficient in measuring overall health than the PedsQL. Conclusion: The PGH-7 displays sufficient validity and reliability in the general Dutch pediatric population and measures more efficiently than the PedsQL, the most commonly used legacy instrument. The PGH-7 can be used in research and clinical practice to reduce patient burden when assessing overall health.

What is Known:• Generic instruments which validly and reliably assess overall pediatric health are scarce.• Brief instruments are required for implementation of self-report patient-reported outcomes in clinical practice.

What is New:• The PROMIS Pediatric Global Health (PGH-7) can be used in research and clinical practice to briefly assess overall pediatric health, while providing valid and reliable measurements.• The PGH-7 provides more efficient assessment of pediatric overall health than the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory.
Resolving taxonomic confusion: establishing the genus Phytobacter on the list of clinically relevant Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Smits Theo H. M. , Arend Lavinia N. V. S. , Cardew Sofia , Tång-Hallbäck Erika , Mira Marcelo T. , Moore Edward R. B. , Sampaio Jorge L. M. , Rezzonico Fabio , Pillonetto Marcelo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Although many clinically significant strains belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae fall into a restricted number of genera and species, there is still a substantial number of isolates that elude this classification and for which proper identification remains challenging. With the current improvements in the field of genomics, it is not only possible to generate high-quality data to accurately identify individual nosocomial isolates at the species level and understand their pathogenic potential but also to analyse retrospectively the genome sequence databases to identify past recurrences of a specific organism, particularly those originally published under an incorrect or outdated taxonomy. We propose a general use of this approach to classify further clinically relevant taxa, i.e., Phytobacter spp., that have so far gone unrecognised due to unsatisfactory identification procedures in clinical diagnostics. Here, we present a genomics and literature-based approach to establish the importance of the genus Phytobacter as a clinically relevant member of the Enterobacteriaceae family.
Intergenerational Transfers in the New Dutch Pension Contract
Authors: van Bilsen Servaas , Mehlkopf Roel J. , van Stalborch Stephan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper measures intergenerational transfers through the solidarity reserve of the newly proposed Dutch occupational pension contract. Our first conclusion is that the role of the solidarity reserve is higher than it may appear at a first glance. The fraction of pension savings that can go directly into the solidarity reserve is limited to 10%. However, we find that, in addition, around 30% of the pension savings of a young worker can subsequently be transferred to the solidarity reserve via a levy on future positive excess returns. Our second finding is that the solidarity reserve can introduce a substantial pay-as-you-go element within a funded pension scheme. This feature of the solidarity reserve can be overlooked easily and is not mentioned in the pension bill. Our policy recommendation to pension funds is to make explicit whether or not there is a pay-as-you-go element via the solidarity reserve, and if so to assess whether this is desirable.
Selective withdrawal of a three-layer viscous fluid
Authors: West Lachlan , Cosgrove Jason M. , Bassom Andrew P. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTwo dimensional, selective withdrawal of a three-layer fluid in a rectangular tank is considered. Each fluid is viscous, weakly compressible and miscible. The lowermost, heaviest fluid flows with constant speed out through line sinks located on the base and lower side walls of the tank. The uppermost and lightest fluid recharges the tank via line sources located along the top and on the upper side walls at a rate that matches the outward flux. If the line sinks are turned on suddenly, the interfaces between the fluids are drawn downward at different rates; this disparity arises due to the fact that the wave configurations that propagate along the two interfaces are not the same. Density and vorticity contours are presented and used to determine the time at which the middle transition layer of fluid begins to be withdrawn from the tank; at this point the rate of extraction of the most dense fluid is its greatest. Inviscid linearised interfaces are calculated which serve as checks on the early stage evolution of the full nonlinear model.
Ensemble Kalman filter based sequential Monte Carlo sampler for sequential Bayesian inference
Authors: Wu Jiangqi , Wen Linjie , Green Peter L. , Li Jinglai , Maskell Simon 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMany real-world problems require one to estimate parameters of interest, in a Bayesian framework, from data that are collected sequentially in time. Conventional methods for sampling from posterior distributions, such as Markov chain Monte Carlo cannot efficiently address such problems as they do not take advantage of the data’s sequential structure. To this end, sequential methods which seek to update the posterior distribution whenever a new collection of data become available are often used to solve these types of problems. Two popular choices of sequential method are the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and the sequential Monte Carlo sampler (SMCS). While EnKF only computes a Gaussian approximation of the posterior distribution, SMCS can draw samples directly from the posterior. Its performance, however, depends critically upon the kernels that are used. In this work, we present a method that constructs the kernels of SMCS using an EnKF formulation, and we demonstrate the performance of the method with numerical examples.
Examining the Factors that Influence the Use of Social Media for Disaster Management by Underserved Communities
Authors: Ramakrishnan Thiagarajan , Ngamassi Louis , Rahman Shahedur 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study examined the propensity of social media use by underserved communities by drawing on the literature on the digital divide and attribution theory. Specifically, this research explored the factors that can influence the use of social media for disaster management. The study used survey methodology to collect data and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. The results of the study indicate: (1) that the propensity of social media use for disaster management is low for underserved communities; (2) a positive relationship between an individual’s effort and the intention to use social media for disaster management; and (3) a negative relationship between task difficulty and the intention to use social media for disaster management. The study expanded the literature on the use of social media in disaster management. The article also provides both theoretical and practical implications.