bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of technological development and applications of decentralized water reuse: A critical review and conceptual framework
Authors: Maniam Geetha , Zakaria Nur Ain , Leo Choe Peng , Vassilev Vasilena , Blay Karen Banahene , Behzadian Kourosh , Poh Phaik Eong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractRapid development, urbanization, and population growth have contributed to water stress in many parts of the world. As freshwater sources are finite, it is essential to source for alternatives to ensure water security. Reclamation of non‐conventional water sources (i.e., rainwater and greywater) can be a viable alternative to alleviate water stress. In this work, various laboratory, pre‐commercialization scale, and commercialized products for rainwater harvesting and greywater treatment and reuse were reviewed. As a result, a conceptual framework is proposed to provide an overview on the applicability of technologies under various settings, which were mapped against the intended use of treated water and the potential for water supply expansion. This conceptual framework could aid decision makers in deciding on a suitable decentralized solution for water reclamation depending on limiting criteria. Decentralized systems of rainwater harvesting and greywater treatment for reuse are going to be crucial in reducing the dependence on the centralized water supply.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Science of Water > Water Quality
Photochemistry with ClF3 – An Access to [ClOF2]+ Salts
Authors: Scheibe Benjamin , Karttunen Antti J. , Kraus Florian 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA route to salts of the [ClOF2]+ cation is described that does not require the parent fluoride ClOF3 as a starting material. These can be obtained when either metals such as Cr, Rh, Pd and Au, halides such as PtCl2, SnF2 and PbF4, or oxides such as B2O3, OsO4, GeO2, SnO and Sb2O4 are reacted with ClF3 and additional O2, where necessary, under UV irradiation. Cr, Rh, Pd, PtCl2, GeO2, and SnO formed salts with the respective hexafluoridometallate(IV) anion with the composition [ClOF2]2[MF6]. They crystallize in two distinct structure types in either the monoclinic crystal system (M=Cr, Rh, Ge) or the orthorhombic one (M=Pd, Pt, Sn). The fluorides SnF2 and PbF4 were converted to the monoclinic salts [ClOF2]MF5, and B2O3 formed orthorhombic [ClOF2][BF4]. The triclinic compound ([ClOF2][OsO3F3])2⋅OsF6 was obtained from OsO4 and contains a neutral co‐crystallized OsF6 molecule. A monoclinic double salt with the composition [ClOF2]2[AuF4][SbF6] was obtained by reacting a mixture of Sb2O4 and Au. The compounds were investigated by single crystal X‐ray diffraction and IR and Raman spectroscopy. Quantum‐chemical calculations for the solid‐state allowed for the band assignments of the vibrational spectra.
Studying the Evolution of Resolution Capabilities and Approximation Accuracy of Global Models by Spectral Characteristics
Authors: Ganagina Irina G. , Karpik Alexander P. , Kanushin Vadim F. , Goldobin Denis N. , Mazurova Elena M. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe paper presents research of the evolution of resolution capabilities and approximation accuracy of the last decade global geopotential models based on space gravimetric measurements of CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE missions using their spectral characteristics.The comparison between the model data with point measurements data on gravity anomalies and quasigeoid heights for the territory of Novosibirsk region is shown. Based on the research results the conclusion was drawn that accuracy characteristics of current global models under test built by the results of satellite gravimetry missions do not achieve the specified accuracy of 1 cm and 1 mGal on the territory under investigation. The research has made it possible to state that at the current technological and methodical level the potential has been reached as concerns EGF models resolution and accuracy enhancement.
Virasoro constraint for Uglov matrix model
Authors: Khlaif Osama , Kimura Taro 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
We study the root of unity limit of (q,t)-deformed Virasoro matrix models, for which we call the resulting model Uglov matrix model. We derive the associated Virasoro constraints on the partition function, and find agreement of the central charge with the expression obtained from the level-rank duality associated with the parafermion CFT.
An extendable framework for intelligent and easily configurable skills-based industrial robot applications
Authors: Heuss Lisa , Gonnermann Clemens , Reinhart Gunther 
Published: April 2022

AbstractModern, flexible, and easy-to-use robotic technologies have the potential to support companies to increase their productivity within today’s dynamic and volatile production. In this context, we introduce a skills-based software framework that makes it possible to configure the functional capabilities of industrial robots flexibly. In addition, we have structured the software framework into three consecutive expansion stages. In this way, it is possible to expand the robot’s reasoning capabilities step by step so that the robot is enabled to be instructed at higher abstraction levels and to process increasingly complex tasks. The contribution of our work is the further development of previous approaches and ideas from the research field of skills-based industrial robotic frameworks by considering new and previously unaddressed design issues within the structure of our software framework. We demonstrate the application of the framework using the example of an industrial robot for assembling a diverse range of LEGO products. The example of use consists of three consecutive scenarios. To begin with, the robot assembles different predefined product variants. Subsequently, we extend the robot application in a step-by-step manner to allow the robot to execute more and more complex tasks until it can finally plan individual tasks autonomously. On the one side, our approach shows how to enable companies with little robotic experience to start developing robotic applications and thereby gain further expertise. On the other side, by using this approach the effort and time for developing industrial robot applications will be reduced in the long term.
Microneedle-based nanoporous gold electrochemical sensor for real-time catecholamine detection
Authors: Tortolini Cristina , Cass Anthony E. G. , Pofi Riccardo , Lenzi Andrea , Antiochia Riccarda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP), and norepinephrine (NEP) are the main catecholamine of clinical interest, as they play crucial roles in the regulation of nervous and cardiovascular systems and are involved in some brain behaviors, such as stress, panic, anxiety, and depression. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a reliable sensing device able to provide their continuous monitoring in a minimally invasive manner. In this work, the first highly nanoporous gold (h-nPG) microneedle-based sensor is presented for continuous monitoring of catecholamine in interstitial fluid (ISF). The h-nPG microneedle-based gold electrode was prepared by a simple electrochemical self-templating method that involves two steps, gold electrodeposition and hydrogen bubbling at the electrode surface, realized by sweeping the potential between + 0.8 V and 0 V vs Ag/AgCl for 25 scans in a 10 mM HAuCl4 solution containing 2.5 M NH4Cl, and successively applying a fixed potential of − 2 V vs Ag/AgCl for 60 s. The resulting microneedle-based h-nPG sensor displays an interference-free total catecholamine detection expressed as NEP concentration, with a very low LOD of 100 nM, excellent sensitivity and stability, and fast response time (< 4 s). The performance of the h-nPG microneedle array sensor was successively assessed in artificial ISF and in a hydrogel skin model at typical physiological concentrations.
Graphical abstract
Beyond empathy decline: Do the barriers to compassion change across medical training?
Authors: Wang Clair X. Y. , Pavlova Alina , Fernando Antonio T. , Consedine Nathan S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground: Despite being a mandated, foundational value in healthcare, research on compassion remains limited. Studying the individual, patient, clinical, and contextual factors that interfere with compassion—the “barriers”—may clarify our understanding of the origins of compassion and identify potential targets for improving patient-centred care. Studies of the related construct of empathy have suggested that medical students report declines with increasing clinical experience. In contrast, when comparing physicians with medical students, increased clinical experience predicts lower barriers to compassion. Whether—and how—a similar experience-related decline in the factors that interfere with compassion occurs across medical training remains unknown.Aims: To describe how the barriers to compassion vary across clinical training in medical students.Method: New Zealand medical students (N = 351) in their clinical years (Years 4–6) completed measures of the Barriers to Physician Compassion (BPCQ) and potential covariates such as demographics, work burden factors, and dispositional factors. The BPCQ indexes the extent to which barriers in four domains (individual, patient, clinical, and contextual) interfere with a physician/student’s compassion towards patients. Analyses of variance and regression analyses were used to explore the effect of year level on the four types of barriers.Results: Year 4 students reported slightly lower student-related, environmental and patient/family-related (but not clinical) barriers than Year 6 students (effect size: ɷ2 < 0.05); all barriers increased comparably across training. Controlling for relevant confounds, regression analyses confirmed that lower year level predicted lower barriers to compassion. Higher self-compassion, but not gender, predicted lower barriers.Conclusions: In extending studies of empathy decline, this report suggests that students experience higher barriers to compassion as clinical training progresses. This is in contrast to existing studies contrasting physicians with medical students, where greater experience was associated with lower perceived barriers to compassion. Self-compassion may offset increases in barriers to care.
A formal proof and simple explanation of the QuickXplain algorithm
Authors: Rodler Patrick 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn his seminal paper of 2004, Ulrich Junker proposed the QuickXplain algorithm, which provides a divide-and-conquer computation strategy to find within a given set an irreducible subset with a particular (monotone) property. Beside its original application in the domain of constraint satisfaction problems, the algorithm has since then found widespread adoption in areas as different as model-based diagnosis, recommender systems, verification, or the Semantic Web. This popularity is due to the frequent occurrence of the problem of finding irreducible subsets on the one hand, and to QuickXplain’s general applicability and favorable computational complexity on the other hand. However, although (we regularly experience) people are having a hard time understanding QuickXplain and seeing why it works correctly, a proof of correctness of the algorithm has never been published. This is what we account for in this work, by explaining QuickXplain in a novel tried and tested way and by presenting an intelligible formal proof of it. Apart from showing the correctness of the algorithm and excluding the later detection of errors (proof and trust effect), the added value of the availability of a formal proof is, e.g., (i) that the workings of the algorithm often become completely clear only after studying, verifying and comprehending the proof (didactic effect), (ii) that the shown proof methodology can be used as a guidance for proving other recursive algorithms (transfer effect), and (iii) the possibility of providing “gapless” correctness proofs of systems that rely on (results computed by) QuickXplain, such as numerous model-based debuggers (completeness effect).
Evaluating scales for pairwise comparisons
Authors: Cavallo Bice , Ishizaka Alessio 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPairwise comparisons have been a long-standing technique for comparing alternatives/criteria and their role has been pivotal in the development of modern decision-making methods. The evaluation is very often done linguistically. Several scales have been proposed to translate the linguistic evaluation into a quantitative evaluation. In this paper, we perform an experiment to investigate, under our methodological choices, which type of scale provides the best matching of the decision-maker’s verbal representation. The experiment aims to evaluate the suitability of eight evaluation scales for problems of different sizes. We find that the inverse linear scale provides the best matching verbal representation whenever the objective data are measured by means of pairwise comparisons matrices and a suitable distance between matrices is applied for computing the matching error.
High order approximations of the operator Lyapunov equation have low rank
Authors: Grubišić Luka , Hakula Harri 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe present a low-rank greedily adapted hp-finite element algorithm for computing an approximation to the solution of the Lyapunov operator equation. We show that there is a hidden regularity in eigenfunctions of the solution of the Lyapunov equation which can be utilized to justify the use of high order finite element spaces. Our numerical experiments indicate that we achieve eight figures of accuracy for computing the trace of the solution of the Lyapunov equation posed in a dumbbell-domain using a finite element space of dimension of only $$10^4$$

10
4

degrees of freedom. Even more surprising is the observation that hp-refinement has an effect of reducing the rank of the approximation of the solution.
Rate of breast biopsy referrals in female BRCA mutation carriers aged 50 years or more: a retrospective comparative study and matched analysis
Authors: Pomerantz Adi , Tsoref Daliah , Grubstein Ahuva , Wadhawker Sonya , Rapson Yael , Gadiel Itay , Goldvaser Hadar , Feldhamer Ilan , Hammerman Ariel , Shochat Tzipora , Sharon Eran , Kedar Inbal , Yerushalmi Rinat 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the total biopsy and positive biopsy rates in women at high risk of breast cancer compared to the general population.MethodsThe study group consisted of 330 women with pathogenic variants (PVs) inBRCA1/2attending the dedicated multidisciplinary breast cancer clinic of a tertiary medical center in Israel. Clinical, genetic, and biopsy data were retrieved from the central healthcare database and the medical files. Patients aged 50 years or older during follow-up were matched 1:10 to women in the general population referred for routine breast cancer screening at the same age, as recommended by international guidelines. The groups were compared for rate of biopsy studies performed and percentage of positive biopsy results. Matched analysis was performed to correct for confounders.ResultsThe total biopsy rate per 1000 follow-up years was 61.7 in the study group and 22.7 in the control group (p < 0.001). The corresponding positive biopsy rates per 1000 follow-up years were 26.4 and 2.0 (p < 0.001), and the positive biopsy percentages, 42.9% and 8.7% (p < 0.0001).ConclusionWomen aged 50 + years with PVs inBRCA1/2attending a dedicated clinic have a 2.7 times higher biopsy rate per 1000 follow-up years, a 13.2 times higher positive biopsy rate per 1000 follow-up years, and a 4.9 times higher positive biopsy percentage than same-aged women in the general population.
Occurrence of some rare earth elements in vineyard soils under semiarid Mediterranean environment
Authors: R. Jiménez-Ballesta , S. Bravo , J.A. Amorós , C. Pérez-de-los-Reyes , J. García-Pradas , M. Sanchez , F.J. García-Navarro 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA comprehensive investigation has been carried out into the concentrations of a range of REEs (neodymium Nd, cerium Ce, lanthanum La, yttrium Y, scandium Sc) in soils of vineyards belonging to the protected denomination of origin (PDO) Valdepeñas (Central Spain). The mean concentrations (expressed in mg kg−1) are Ce 70.6, Nd 32.9, La 36.2, Y 21.6, and Sc 13.7 in surface horizons (Ap), while in subsurface horizons (Bt or Bw and some Ck), the values are Ce 67.6, Nd 31.8, La 34.4, Y 19.6, and Sc 13.9. The relative abundance in these soils is Ce > La > Nd > Y > Sc in both the surface and subsurface horizons. These values are close to, or slightly higher than, the regional levels but similar to national and global averages, although relatively high values have been detected at certain sampling points. Another aim was to explain the spatial variations in these elements within the territory under study. It was found that the spatial variations are due to the nature of the parent materials and the pedogenetic processes, although the sparse spatial distribution patterns with prominent anomalies are interpreted arising from anthropogenic sources (fertilization). However, these anomalies did not present any environmental risk in the studied zone.
Towards a recipe for language decomposition: quality assessment of language product lines
Authors: Cazzola Walter , Favalli Luca 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProgramming languages are complex systems that are usually implemented as monolithic interpreters and compilers. In recent years, researchers and practitioners gained interest in product line engineering to improve the reusability of language assets and the management of variability-rich systems, introducing the notions of language workbenches and language product lines (LPLs). Nonetheless, language development remains a complex activity and design or implementation flaws can easily waste the efforts of decomposing a language specification into language features. Poorly designed language decompositions result in high inter-dependent components, reducing the variability space of the LPL system and its maintainability. One should detect and fix the design flaws posthaste to prevent these risks while minimizing the development overhead. Therefore, various aspects of the quality of a language decomposition should be quantitatively measurable through adequate metrics. The evaluation, analysis and feedback of these measures should be a primary part of the engineering process of a LPL. In this paper, we present an exploratory study trying to capture these aspects by introducing a design methodology for LPLs; we define the properties of a good language decomposition and adapt a set of metrics from the literature to the framework of language workbenches. Moreover, we leverage the LPL engineering environment to perform an empirical evaluation of 26 -based LPLs based on this design methodology. Our contributions form the foundations of a design methodology for -based LPLs. This methodology is comprised of four different elements: i) an engineering process that defines the order in which decisions are made, ii) an integrated development environment for LPL designers and iii) some best practices in the design of well-structured language decomposition when using , supported by iv) a variety of LPL metrics that can be used to detect errors in design decisions.
Consensus decision-making in CCAMLR: Achilles’ heel or fundamental to its success?
Authors: Goldsworthy Lynda 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe Commission for the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources is the body responsible for the conservation and management of most species in the Southern Ocean. The Convention mandates that decisions be made by consensus agreement of its Members. This approach has been largely successful in delivering strong management decisions across both complex issues and widely ranging national interests. However, recent failures to progress the implementation of a network of marine protected areas or to agree any concrete response actions to climate impacts raise concerns about its effectiveness. This paper reviews the level of uptake of Member-driven proposals and then examines examples of proposals that were not resolved within the usual three years to analyse the processes utilised by Members to find resolution. It concludes that CCAMLR has been successful in reaching agreements when focusing on fisheries management but less so on issues within its broader conservation mandate, such as area protection for biodiversity purposes or non-fishery management focused scientific study, or for issues that are perceiv ed to extend the competency of the Convention. It notes that CCAMLR lacks operational mechanisms to facilitate agreement in the absence of compromise text or when one or two Members cannot accept a proposal.
Reasons for a Lower Rate of Epidural Anesthesia During Birth for Immigrant Women in the Eyes of Medical Staff: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
Authors: Seidel Vera , Großkreutz Claudia , Gürbüz Burcu , Henrich Wolfgang , Rancourt Rebecca C. , Borde Theda , David Matthias 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVarious studies have shown that immigrant women in comparison to non-immigrant women of the same parity have lower rates of epidural anesthesia (EDA). Data from two studies on immigrant obstetric care in Berlin, Germany were analyzed to answer the following question: What reasons do the medical staff see for the lower rate of EDA in immigrant women? Between May and August 2017, 34 interviews with obstetricians and midwives in four obstetric clinics in Berlin were conducted on the topic of obstetric care for immigrant women. After anonymizing the more than 20 h of interview material, transcripts were coded with MaxQDa and analyzed according to the qualitative content analysis.The quantitative data is from an online survey conducted between May and October 2017, in all but one obstetric clinic in Berlin with obstetricians and midwives. Regarding the research question, 121 questionnaires could be analyzed. In the online survey, (multiple answers were possible), the top reason for a lower rate of EDA given was mostly fear on the part of the immigrant women (64%). A language barrier, which results in logistic and time constrictions, is mentioned as the second most frequent reason (50%). The explorative analysis of the interviews shows that doctors and midwives regard cultural aspects such as different expectations on the birth experience as a reason for a lower EDA rate. Furthermore, within the medical staff the impression persists that in some cases the companion decides on the behalf of the patient about the application of an EDA, which from time to time is against the wish of the immigrant woman giving birth. In the view of the medical staff, the reasons for a lower rate of EDA during birth for immigrant women were varied. On one side, this is attributed to the wishes of the respective women (“demand”) but on the other side this can be attributed to the health care system (“supply”). In the case of a language barrier, the “supply” and the access of EDA for immigrant women is limited and can be then shifted to the German-speaking companion to make a decision regarding EDA (“structural deprivation of self-determination”).