bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deceased donor organ allocation in pediatric transplantation: A historical narrative
Authors: Ettenger Robert , Venick Robert S. , Gritsch Hans A. , Alejos Juan C. , Weng Patricia L. , Srivastava Rachana , Pearl Meghan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSince the earliest clinical successes in solid organ transplantation, the proper method of organ allocation for children has been a contentious subject. Over the past 30–35 years, the medical and social establishments of various countries have favored some degree of preference for children on the respective waiting lists. However, the specific policies to accomplish this have varied widely and changed frequently between organ type and country.MethodsOrgan allocation policies over time were examined. This review traces the reasons behind and the measures/principles put in place to promote early deceased donor transplantation in children.ResultsPreferred allocation in children has been approached in a variety of ways and with varying degrees of commitment in different solid organ transplant disciplines and national medical systems.ConclusionThe success of policies to advantage children has varied significantly by both organ and medical system. Further work is needed to optimize allocation strategies for pediatric candidates.
State of pediatric liver transplantation in the United States and achieving zero wait list mortality with ideal outcomes: A statement from the Starzl Network for Excellence in Pediatric Transplant Surgeon's Working Group
Authors: Rasmussen Sara K. , Lemoine Caroline P. , Superina Riccardo , Sayed Blayne , Goldaracena Nico , Soltys Kyle A. , Griesemer Adam , Dick Andre , Angelis Michael , Chin L. Thomas , Florman Sander , Ganoza Armando , Lyer Kishore , Kang Sang‐Mo , Magliocca Joseph , Squires James , Eisenberg Elizabeth , Bray David , Tunno John , Reyes Jorge D. , Mazariegos George V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundLiver transplant is a life‐saving therapy that can restore quality life for several pediatric liver diseases. However, it is not available to all children who need one. Expertise in medical and surgical management is heterogeneous, and allocation policies are not optimally serving children. Technical variant grafts from both living and deceased donors are underutilized.MethodsSeveral national efforts in pediatric liver transplant to improve access to and outcomes from liver transplant for children have been instituted and include adjustments to allocation policies, UNOS‐sponsored collaborative improvement projects, and the emergence of national learning networks to study ongoing challenges in the field the Surgical Working group of the Starzl Network for Excellence in Pediatric Transplantation (SNEPT) discusses key issues and proposes potential solutions to eliminate the persistent wait list mortality that pediatric patients face.ResultsA discussion of the factors impacting pediatric patients’ access to liver transplant is undertaken, along with a proposal of several measures to ensure equitable access to life‐saving liver transplant.ConclusionsPediatric liver transplant wait list mortality can and should be eliminated. Several measures, including collaborative efforts among centers, could be leveraged to acheive this goal.
Validity as (material!) truth‐preservation in virtue of form
Authors: Haze Tristan Grøtvedt 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccording to a standard story, part of what we have in mind when we say that an argument is valid is that it is necessarily truth‐preserving: if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true. But—the story continues—that's not enough, since ‘Roses are red, therefore roses are coloured’, for example, while it may be necessarily truth‐preserving, is not so in virtue of form. Thus we arrive at a standard contemporary characterisation of validity: an argument is valid when it is NTP in virtue of form. Here I argue that we can and should drop the N; the resulting account is simpler, less problematic, and performs just as well with examples.
Contextual responsiveness in U.S. local government climate policy
Authors: Switzer David , Jung Jiwoong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLocal governments have led the way on climate action in the United States. While the federal government has largely stood to the side, local governments have made great efforts to adopt policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A large and robust literature in urban politics has explored the variables that influence local government action on climate change in the United States. Issue severity and resident ideological preferences have been identified as two of the most important factors in local climate action. Governments that are more likely to face major impacts from climate, such as coastal communities, and governments serving more liberal residents have both been found to pursue climate policy at higher rates. In this paper we suggest that these relationships are better understood as conditional. We argue that the effect of issue severity will be moderated by ideology. When residents are liberal, issue severity will matter. When residents are conservative, the impact will be muted. We find strong evidence for this hypothesis. Coastal governments and governments that have experienced drought adopt more climate policies, but this is conditional on the ideology of residents.
Novel ultraviolet‐dermoscopy: Early diagnosis and activity evaluation of vitiligo
Authors: Yuan Mengyi , Xie Yasi , Zheng Yue , Zhang Ziwei , Yang Chuyan , Li Junjie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground/ObjectivePolarized dermoscopy, Wood's lamp, and reflectance confocal microscopy were currently commonly used auxiliary technology in vitiligo clinic diagnosis. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of different periods of lesions of vitiligo, we used a novel ultraviolet (UV)‐dermoscopy (Model CH‐UVDS30, Ultraviolet wavelength range of 360<390nm, Chuanghong Science and Technology Company, China) in clinical observation.Materials and MethodsThree cases of different periods of vitiligo patients were included in this study. Polarised dermoscopy and novel UV‐dermoscopy (UV wavelength range of 360 nm < λ < 390 nm) were performed at 20 × magnification in polarized and UV modes. Characteristic manifestations of different periods of vitiligo lesions were captured and compared.ResultsThe depigmented and pigmented junctional zone and perifollicular pigmentation areas could be easier and simultaneously identified via UV‐dermoscopy. In a progressive vitiligo patient (woman, 42 years old, face) enhanced perifollicular pigmentation and blurred border were clearly observed. In a stable vitiligo patient (man, 27 years old, right foot) sharply demarcated border and perifollicular depigmentation could be found. In a re‐pigmenting vitiligo patient (woman, 41 years old, neck) telangiectasias and pigmentation reservoirs were observed.ConclusionNovel UV‐dermoscopy, as a miniature and portable device, might help early diagnosis, active/progress judgment, and treatment effect evaluation of vitiligo in the clinic.
Promoting social and emotional learning competencies in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics project‐based mathematics classrooms
Authors: Lee Yi‐Jung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this Information Age, mathematics learning has shifted from independent to collaborative, and the ability to utilize both intrapersonal and interpersonal skills in learning has become essential. To cultivate multiple intelligences in mathematics classrooms, integrating project‐based learning into mathematics instruction can be a promising approach. In this study, we analyzed 15 elementary interns' project‐based mathematics (PBM) lessons and observed their implementation at two public elementary schools in the southern United States. The findings revealed that the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) PBM lessons conducted by the interns shared five common features: (a) enhancing empathy and social awareness, (b) solving real‐life mathematics‐related problems, (c) utilizing personal strengths to enhance the utility of mathematics, (d) supporting wide‐ranging and collective mathematics learning, and (e) cultivating personal responsibility in mathematical problem solving. We further discussed how these STEM PBM lessons guaranteed an opportunity to foster students' social and emotional learning competencies in mathematics classrooms. We conclude that PBM provides a practical way to effectively engage students and enhance learning purpose in elementary classrooms and recommend this innovative pedagogy to both novice and veteran elementary teachers.
Minute moss beetles in the Southern Hemisphere: Molecular phylogeny, historical biogeography and habitat shifts (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)
Authors: Bilton David T. , Jäch Manfred A. , Ribera Ignacio , Toussaint Emmanuel F. A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMinute moss beetles (Hydraenidae) are one of the most speciose and widespread families of aquatic Coleoptera, with an estimated 4000 extant species, found in the majority of aquatic habitats from coastal rock pools to mountain streams and from the Arctic Circle to the Antarctic islands. Molecular phylogenetic works have improved our understanding of the evolutionary history of the megadiverse Hydraena, Limnebius and Ochthebius in recent years, but most genera in the family have not yet been included in any phylogenetic analyses, particularly most of those which are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. Using a multimarker molecular matrix, sampling over 40% of described species richness and 75% of currently recognized genera, we infer a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of these predominantly Gondwanan Hydraenidae. Whilst the genera we focus on are morphologically diverse, and currently classified across all four hydraenid subfamilies, our phylogenetic analyses suggest that these Gondwanan genera may instead constitute a single clade. As a result of our findings, the African genus Oomtelecopon Perkins syn.n. is shown to nest within Coelometopon Janssens, the New Zealand Homalaena Ordish syn.n. and Podaena Ordish syn.n. are synonymised with Orchymontia Broun, and the South African Pterosthetops Perkins syn.n. is synonymised with Prosthetops Waterhouse, resulting in Pterosthetopini Perkins syn.n. being synonymised with Prosthetopini Perkins. Mesoceratops Bilton & Jäch gen.n. is erected to accommodate six former members of Mesoceration Janssens, which is shown to be polyphyletic. We propose the replacement name Orchymontia ordishi Jäch & Bilton nom.n. for Homalaena dilatata Ordish, 1984 (now a junior homonym); altogether 39 new combinations are proposed. Our Bayesian divergence times infer an origin for this ‘Gondwana group’ of genera in Africa plus Madagascar in the mid‐Cretaceous and suggest that both vicariant and dispersal processes, together with extinctions, have shaped the biogeographic history of these beetles in the Southern Hemisphere during the Cretaceous, resulting in geographically conserved extant lineages. Finally, we reconstruct ancestral habitat shifts across our phylogeny, revealing numerous changes in habitat occupancy in these genera, including multiple origins of fully terrestrial, humicolous taxa in different regions.
The MITOCHONDRIAL TRANSCRIPT STABILITY FACTOR 4 (MTSF4) is essential for the accumulation of dicistronic rpl5‐cobmRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Jung Lisa , Schleicher Sarah , Alsaied Taha Fatema , Takenaka Mizuki , Binder Stefan 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYThe Arabidopsis thaliana genome harbors more than 450 nuclear genes encoding pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins that operate in the RNA metabolism of mitochondria and/or plastids. To date, the molecular function of many PPR proteins is still unknown. Here we analyzed the nucleus‐encoded gene At4g19440 coding for a P‐type PPR protein. Knockout of this gene interferes with normal embryo development and seed maturation. Two experimental approaches were applied to overcome lethality and to investigate the outcome of At4g19440 knockout in adult plants. These studies revealed changes in the abundance of several mitochondria‐encoded transcripts. In particular, steady‐state levels of dicistronic rpl5‐cob RNAs were markedly reduced, whereas levels of mature ccmC and rpl2‐mttB transcripts were clearly increased. Predictions according to the one repeat to one nucleotide code for PPR proteins indicate binding of the At4g19440 protein to a previously detected small RNA at the 3′ termini of the dicistronic rpl5‐cob transcripts. This potential interaction indicates a function of this protein in 3′ end formation and stabilization of these RNA species, whereas the increase in the levels of the ccmC mRNA along with other mitochondria‐encoded RNAs seems to be a secondary effect of At4g19440 knockout. Since the inactivation of At4g19440 influences the stability of several mitochondrial RNAs we call this gene MITOCHONDRIAL TRANSCRIPT STABILITY FACTOR 4 (MTSF4). This factor will be an interesting subject to study opposing effects of a single nucleus‐encoded protein on mitochondrial transcript levels.
Establishment of preliminary reference intervals and cytochemical staining of blood cells in big‐bellied seahorses (Hippocampus abdominalis)
Authors: Vergneau‐Grosset Claire , Frigon Jean‐Philippe , Benoit‐Biancamano Marie‐Odile , Raulic Juliette , Lessard Marie‐Pierre , Gara‐Boivin Carolyn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundDespite their popularity, hematology reference intervals (RIs) have not been established in big‐bellied seahorses (Hippocampus abdominalis).ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to establish hematologic RIs to compare values between sex in regard to cytochemical staining of blood cells. We also sought to compare white blood cell concentrations using the Natt and Herrick technique vs blood smear estimates.MethodsForty‐three healthy individuals from the Aquarium du Québec (22 females and 21 males) were included. Normal health status was confirmed by an unremarkable physical examination in five individuals and by necropsy of five other individuals, of which all were excluded from further analyses. Venipuncture was performed from the ventral coccygeal vein in the remaining 33 individuals without anesthesia using heparinized insulin syringes. A blood volume of 0.05 to 0.1 ml was collected to prepare Wright Giemsa‐stained blood smears and hematocrits immediately after venipuncture. Whole blood was stored in heparinized Eppendorf tubes to determine red and white blood cell concentrations using the Natt and Herrick technique with a hemocytometer in 10 individuals; these results were compared with blood smear estimates. Additional blood smears were stained with alkaline phosphatase substrate, periodic acid Schiff, and toluidine blue stains.ResultsThe reference intervals included the packed cell volume (27.4–67.5%), thrombocyte count (19.5–197.7 × 109/L), and white blood cell (WBC) count (2–54.8 × 109/L), including neutrophils (1.1–21.3 × 109/L), lymphocytes (2.7–45.5 × 109/L), and monocytes (0–2.2 × 109/L). The WBC hemocytometer counts showed no correlation with blood smear estimates (Spearman's rho = 0.2). There was also no significant difference between the sexes.ConclusionsThese preliminary reference intervals will help assess the health of seahorses.
A multicenter retrospective case–cohort study on the prevalence of incisional morbidities in late pregnant mares following exploratory celiotomy (2014–2019): 579 cases
Authors: Klein Chelsea E. , Stefanovski Darko , Gardner Alison K. , Woodie J. Brett , Embertson Rolf M. , Mudge Margaret C. , Hurcombe Samuel D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo report the prevalence and risk factors for incisional morbidities in late pregnant and nonpregnant/early pregnant control mares following colic surgery.DesignMulticenter, retrospective, cohort study from January 2014 to December 2019.SettingTwo university teaching hospitals and 1 private referral center.AnimalsFive hundred and seventy‐nine fillies and mares ≥2 years old that underwent celiotomy. Pregnant mares (n = 54) were >240 days in gestation from the last known breeding date and were compared to control females (n = 525) undergoing colic surgery.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsMorbidity rates were not different between mare groups with 56% of pregnant mares and 51% of control mares reporting at least 1 morbidity. Incisional swelling was the most common reported complication in both groups. Incisional swelling was associated with shorter hospital stays (odds ratio [OR], 0.18;P < 0.01), and drainage was associated with a longer hospital stay (OR, 1.27;P ≤ 0.01) and with use of an abdominal bandage (OR, 4.4;P < 0.01). Herniation was associated with hypercapnia under anesthesia (OR, 1.1;P = 0.048), previous abdominal surgery (OR, 8.3;P = 0.003), and with use of an abdominal bandage (OR, 56;P = 0.006). Body wall dehiscence was associated with longer hospital stay (OR, 1.2;P < 0.01). Nonsurvival was higher in pregnant mares (13%) compared to control mares (5%;P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe prevalence of incisional morbidities did not differ between pregnant and control mares undergoing colic surgery. Several factors were associated with incisional morbidities, including the duration of surgery and anesthesia, anesthetic variables, abdominal bandage use, previous ventral abdominal incision, and longer duration of hospitalization.
Preliminary study evaluating the assessment of changes in pulmonary function associated with body positioning in dogs with suspected aspiration pneumonia
Authors: Ten Cate Soscha C. , Urion Rebecca , Hostnik Eric T. , Yaxley Page E. , Cooper Edward S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the variability in arterial blood gas (ABG) assessment of pulmonary function with different body positioning in dogs with suspected aspiration pneumonia.Key FindingsThe median differences in alveolar–arterial gradient, Pao2, and Paco2 values in different recumbencies were not statistically significantly different, both within patients and across the study population. No difference was noted in ABG values in the subgroups with unilateral or bilateral disease or that were more affected on the right side versus the left side.SignificanceThis preliminary study provides data that can be used to calculate appropriate sample sizes for subsequent studies investigating the impact of recumbency on pulmonary function in patients with aspiration pneumonia.
Artificial intelligence in veterinary diagnostic imaging: A literature review
Authors: Hennessey Erin , DiFazio Matthew , Hennessey Ryan , Cassel Nicky 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArtificial intelligence in veterinary medicine is an emerging field. Machine learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, allows computer programs to analyze large imaging datasets and learn to perform tasks relevant to veterinary diagnostic imaging. This review summarizes the small, yet growing body of artificial intelligence literature in veterinary imaging, provides necessary background to understand these papers, and provides author commentary on the state of the field. To date, less than 40 peer‐reviewed publications have utilized machine learning to perform imaging‐associated tasks across multiple anatomic regions in veterinary clinical and biomedical research. Major challenges in this field include collection and cleaning of sufficient image data, selection of high‐quality ground truth labels, formation of relationships between veterinary and machine learning professionals, and closure of the gap between academic uses of artificial intelligence and currently available commercial products. Further development of artificial intelligence has the potential to help meet the growing need for radiological services through applications in workflow, quality control, and image interpretation for both general practitioners and radiologists.
Influence of Torque and Cadence on Power Output Production in Cyclists
Authors: Leo Peter , Mateo-March Manuel , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Muriel Xabier , Gandía-Soriano Alexis , Giorgi Andrea , Zabala Mikel , Barranco-Gil David , Mujika Iñigo , Pallarés Jesús G. , Lucia Alejandro 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: No information is available on the torque/cadence relationship in road cyclists. We aimed to establish whether this relationship differs between cyclists of different performance levels or team roles. Methods: Mean maximal power (MMP) output data from 177 riders were obtained from 2012 to 2021 from training and competitions. Cyclists were categorized according to their performance level (world-tour [WT, n = 68], procontinental [PC, n = 63], or under 23 [U23, n = 46]) and team role (time trialists [n = 12], all-rounders [n = 94], climbers [n = 64], or team leaders [n = 7]). Results: A significant interaction effect was found for absolute and relative MMP (P < .001), with higher values in PC than WT for short (5–60 s) efforts and the opposite trend for longer durations. MMP was also greater in PC than in U23 for short efforts (30–60 s), with WT and PC attaining higher MMP than U23 for longer bouts (5–60 min). A significant interaction effect was found for cadence (P = .007, but with no post hoc differences) and absolute (P = .010) and relative torque (P = .002), with PC and WT showing significantly higher torque (all P < .05) than U23 for 5- to 60-minute efforts, yet with no differences between the former 2 performance levels. No interaction effect between team roles was found for cadence (P = .185) or relative torque (P = .559), but a significant interaction effect was found for absolute torque (P < .001), with all-rounders attaining significantly higher values than climbers for 5-second to 5-minute efforts. Conclusions: Differences in MMP between cycling performance levels and rider types are dependent on torque rather than cadence, which might support the role of torque development in performance.
Tramadol and Cycling: Is It the End of a “Painful” Relationship? An Insight From 60,802 Doping-Control Samples From 2012 to 2020
Authors: Zandonai Thomas , Peiró Ana M. , Covelli Caterina , de la Torre Xavier , Botré Francesco 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of tramadol use among athletes from 2012 to 2020. Methods: All urine samples were collected from national and international in-competition doping-control tests that took place in Italy between 2012 and 2020. The analysis of the samples was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry with electronic ionization and acquisition in selected ion monitoring. The cutoff tramadol concentration was >50 ng/mL. Results: Of the 60,802 in-competition urine samples we analyzed, 1.2% (n = 759) showed tramadol intake, with 84.2% (n = 637) of these coming from cyclists and 15.8% (n = 122) from other sports. In cycling, a strong and significant negative correlation was found (r = −.738; P = .003), showing a decrease of tramadol use compared with the other sports. Conclusions: The decrease in tramadol prevalence in cycling in the last years may be due to (1) the deterrent action of antidoping regulations and (2) the fact that tramadol may not have any actual ergogenic effect on performance.