bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and validation of a 3D finite element model for human forearm fracture
Authors: Liu Jing , Mustafa Al‐Khazraji , Lees Vivien C. , Qian Zhihui , Wei Guowu , Lu Xuewei , Jin Jianqiao , Ren Lei , Ren Luquan , Wang Kunyang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMost researchers have performed finite element (FE) analysis of the human forearm fracture by exploring the strength and load transmission of the bones. However, few studies concentrated a complete simulation of the whole forearm complex including ligaments. This paper aims to investigate the load transmission through the bones, contact stress at the joints and strain in the ligaments by using an elaborate FE model, further validating the fracture condition for human forearm. The interosseous ligament was separated into three regions based on the distance to the proximal and distal ends. The FE simulation results were slightly more or less than a previous experimental data in the literature, but generally provided a close approximation of the bone and ligament behaviors. Compared with the experiment results under different loading conditions, maximum contact stress at the proximal radio ulnar joint (PRUJ) and distal radio ulnar joint (DRUJ) of the simulations was higher with an average of 13.4%, and peak strain in the interosseous ligament (IOL) was lower with an average of 11.0%. Under 10 kg load, the maximum stress in the radius (2.25 MPa) was less than double the value in the ulna (1.43 MPa). Finally, the FE model has been validated with the onset and location of the Colles' fracture in the literature. This study will provide a great benefit in terms of surgical and medical applications related to forearm fracture that require an extensive knowledge of the behavior of the bones and ligaments under various loading conditions.
Dynamic convolutional neural network based e‐waste management and optimized collection planning
Authors: Latha C. Jenifa , Kalaiselvi K. , Ramanarayan S. , Srivel R. , Vani S. , Sairam T. V. M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractElectronic waste, also known as e‐waste, refers to electrical or electronic devices that are discarded from households and workplaces. These used e‐wastes are meant to be renovated, reused, recycled, or disposed of, and the processing of these wastes often causes disease and harms the environment. As a result, it is important to handle waste and collect it from the disposal site on a regular basis. Besides, in order to separate precious metals from discarded waste, it is important to identify them by category. Therefore, this article proposes a novel method known as e‐waste management by exploiting the dynamic convolutional neural network (DCNN). This enhances the classification accuracy with the aid of exactly mapping the features of the images. Meanwhile, the collection of waste can be optimized in order to reduce the distance and time. The e‐wastes in the smart garbage bin are frequently monitored by smartphone applications to collect the waste on time. Moreover, it also significantly reduces the training error, classification error, localization error, and validation error on the test images. The experimental depicts that the proposed method hones up the classification accuracy to the great extent.
Morphological Evolution of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles, Synthesized via Modified Sol‐Gel and Microemulsion Technique, in Response to Their Synthesis Microenvironment
Authors: Kadu Kavita , Tripathi Rishi , Kowshik Meenal , Ramanan Sutapa Roy 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMethods for the synthesis and characterization of well‐dispersed nanostructured materials are widely explored for potential applications in various fields. Several challenges in synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled morphology, narrow size distribution, and optimum stability are tested but the fundamental understanding of the growth of NP crystal structure leading to various morphologies still needs to be addressed. This study attempts to understand the role of the synthesis environment, i.e., solvents, stabilizing agents, and the surfactant concentration, that controls the crystal growth of the synthesized biocompatible hydroxyapatite nanoparticles resulting in different shapes and sizes. The lattice parameters, space group, interplanar spacing, and unit cell dimensions are calculated using the experimentally obtained powder diffraction patterns for the various NPs. Atoms are placed at random sites in the unit cell based on the collected crystallographic information, and a final atomic arrangement and subsequent morphological evolution are arrived at via local and global optimization.
Research Progress and Perspective on Lithium/Sodium Metal Anodes for Next‐Generation Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Patrike Apurva , Yadav Poonam , Shelke Vilas , Shelke Manjusha 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the development of consumer electronic devices and electric vehicles, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are vital components for high energy storage with great impact on our modern life. However, LIBs still cannot meet all the essential demands of rapidly growing new industries. In pursuance of higher energy requirement, metal batteries (MBs) are the next‐generation high‐energy‐density devices. Li/Na metals are considered as an ideal anode for high‐energy batteries due to extremely high theoretical specific capacity (3860 and 1165 mAh g−1 for Li and Na, respectively) and low electrochemical potential (−3.04 V for Li and −2.71 V for Na vs. standard hydrogen electrode). Unfortunately, uncontrolled dendrite growth, high reactivity, and infinite volume change induce severe safety concerns and poor cycle efficiency during their application. Consequently, MBs are far from commercialization stage. This Review represents a comprehensive overview of failure mechanism of lithium/sodium metal anode and its progress for rechargeable batteries through (i) electrolyte optimization, (ii) artificial solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formation, and (iii) nanoengineering at materials level in current collector, anode, and host. The challenges in current MBs research and potential applications of lithium/sodium metal anodes are also outlined and summarized.
An exploratory application of machine learning methods to optimize prediction of responsiveness to digital interventions for eating disorder symptoms
Authors: Linardon Jake , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Shatte Adrian , Greenwood Christopher J. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractObjectiveDigital interventions show promise to address eating disorder (ED) symptoms. However, response rates are variable, and the ability to predict responsiveness to digital interventions has been poor. We tested whether machine learning (ML) techniques can enhance outcome predictions from digital interventions for ED symptoms.MethodData were aggregated from three RCTs (n = 826) of self‐guided digital interventions for EDs. Predictive models were developed for four key outcomes: uptake, adherence, drop‐out, and symptom‐level change. Seven ML techniques for classification were tested and compared against the generalized linear model (GLM).ResultsThe seven ML methods used to predict outcomes from 36 baseline variables were poor for the three engagement outcomes (AUCs = 0.48–0.52), but adequate for symptom‐level change (R2 = .15–.40). ML did not offer an added benefit to the GLM. Incorporating intervention usage pattern data improved ML prediction accuracy for drop‐out (AUC = 0.75–0.93) and adherence (AUC = 0.92–0.99). Age, motivation, symptom severity, and anxiety emerged as influential outcome predictors.ConclusionA limited set of routinely measured baseline variables was not sufficient to detect a performance benefit of ML over traditional approaches. The benefits of ML may emerge when numerous usage pattern variables are modeled, although this validation in larger datasets before stronger conclusions can be made.
Genetic differentiation and phylogeography of rotifer Polyarthra dolichoptera and P. vulgaris populations between Southeastern China and eastern North America: High intercontinental differences
Authors: Liang Diwen , McManus George B. , Wang Qing , Sun Xian , Liu Zhiwei , Lin Senjie , Yang Yufeng 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGenetic differentiations and phylogeographical patterns of small organisms may be shaped by spatial isolation, environmental gradients, and gene flow. However, knowledge about genetic differentiation of rotifers at the intercontinental scale is still limited. Polyarthra dolichoptera and P. vulgaris are cosmopolitan rotifers that are tolerant to environmental changes, offering an excellent model to address the research gap. Here, we investigated the populations in Southeastern China and eastern North America and evaluated the phylogeographical patterns from their geographical range sizes, geographic–genetic distance relationships and their responses to spatial‐environmental factors. Using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene as the DNA marker, we analyzed a total of 170 individuals. Our results showed that some putative cryptic species, also known as entities were widely distributed, but most of them were limited to single areas. The divergence of P. dolichoptera and P. vulgaris indicated that gene flow between continents was limited while that within each continent was stronger. Oceanographic barriers do affect the phylogeographic pattern of rotifers in continental waters and serve to maintain genetic diversity in nature. The genetic distance of P. dolichoptera and P. vulgaris populations showed significant positive correlation with geographic distance. This might be due to the combined effects of habitat heterogeneity, long‐distance colonization, and oceanographic barriers. Furthermore, at the intercontinental scale, spatial distance had a stronger influence than environmental variables on the genetic differentiations of both populations. Wind‐ and animal‐mediated transport and even historical events of continental plate tectonics are potential factors for phylogeography of cosmopolitan rotifers.
Is negative density‐dependent reproduction regulated by density‐induced stress in root voles? Two field experiments
Authors: Shang Guozhen , Du Shouyang , Yang Yanbin , Wu Yan , Cao Yifan , Bian Jianghui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDensity dependence in reproduction plays an important role in stabilizing population dynamics via immediate negative feedback from population density to reproductive output. Although previous studies have shown that negative density‐dependent reproduction is associated with strong spacing behavior and social interaction between individuals, the proximal mechanism for generating negative density‐dependent reproduction remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of density‐induced stress on reproduction in root voles. Enclosed founder populations were established by introducing 6 (low density) and 30 (high density) adults per sex into per enclosure (four enclosures per density in total) during the breeding season from April to July 2012 and from May to August 2015. Fecal corticosterone metabolite (FCM) levels, reproductive traits (recruitment rate and the proportion of reproductively active individuals), and founder population numbers were measured following repeated live trapping in both years. The number of founders was negatively associated with recruitment rates and the proportion of reproductively active individuals, displaying a negative density‐dependent reproduction. FCM level was positively associated with the number of founders. The number of founder females directly affected the proportion of reproductive females, and directly and indirectly through their FCM levels affected the recruitment rate; the effect of the number of male founders on the proportion of reproductive males was mediated by their FCM level. Our results showed that density‐induced stress negatively affected reproductive traits and that density‐induced stress is one ecological factor generating negative density‐dependent reproduction.
Increases in temperature and freshwater inputs will shift grazing patterns of a coastal mesograzer on foundation species
Authors: Berthold Maximilian , Porsche Christian , Hofmann Antonia , Nowak Petra 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFoundation species, and the roles that they play in structuring ecosystems, are threatened by global change. For example, charophytes are a refuge for zooplankton and stabilize sediments, but they are also a food source for various animal species (water birds, fishes, and invertebrates). Particularly, the introduction of new species, such as Gammarus tigrinus, into the Baltic Sea led to yet not understood changes in the food web. Furthermore, future projections point to increased water temperatures and freshwater inputs affecting species capacity to acclimatize to changing abiotic factors. In this study, we investigated the influence of temperature and salinity on the grazing pressure of G. tigrinus on two charophyte species: Chara aspera and Chara tomentosa. The grazing experiments were conducted in a full‐factorial design with the factors salinity (3–13 g kg−1), temperature (5–30°C), and charophyte species. Grazing rates were determined as mass deviation within 48 h considering biomass changes in the presence and absence of gammarids. Grazing rates were further used to calculate charophyte losses in two coastal lagoons with different salinity concentrations for recent and future time periods. Increasing freshwater inputs can buffer charophyte biomass loss at higher temperatures. Gammarids had a higher grazing impact on C. aspera than on C. tomentosa. The potential grazing peak of about 24°C is not yet reached in these coastal waters but may be reached in the near future as shown by our future projection results. However, a temperature increase and decrease in salinity will cause a shift in seasonal individual grazing patterns from summer to spring and autumn. An increase in temperature and freshwater input can lead to a shift in optimal habitats for G. tigrinus in the future. These interactions between abiotic and biotic factors will affect the future spatial distribution that charophytes can exploit as foundation species.
Formation of a p‐n heterojunction photocatalyst by the interfacing of graphitic carbon nitride and delafossite CuGaO2
Authors: Martinez Benjamin , Chang Dai‐Ning , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Dong Chung‐Li , Chiu Te‐Wei , Chiang Ming‐Hsi , Kuo Chun‐Hong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPhotocatalysts have focused on scientific endeavors for five decades already. Their ability to generate solar fuel via relatively environmentally benign processes brings promises of a future with increasingly sustainable energy production. A class of materials, heterojunction (HJ) semiconductors, have immense potential due to their versatility, stability, and cost‐effectiveness. In addition, meticulous engineering of p‐n HJ enables the apparition of an electric field at the junction, a supplementary driving force that drives the charge carriers to separate effectively upon illumination. Therefore, we combined n‐type carbon nitride with p‐type CuGaO2 to form a photo‐active p‐n HJ. Mechanistic insights being highly sought‐after, we then employed X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy as complementary and orbital‐specific techniques to probe the changes caused by interfacing CuGaO2 with g‐C3N4.
Community‐acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia manifested by bloody pleural effusion in a previously healthy infant: A case report
Authors: Dong Chunjuan , Shen Fangfang , Dong Hanquan , Dong Lili , Fu Ya , Xu Yongsheng , Ning Jing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCommunity‐acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in immunocompetent children is a rare occurrence.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, laboratory examinations, and treatment of a child with community‐acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia presented with bloody pleural effusion.ResultsThe 1‐year‐old previously healthy patient, who developed community‐acquired pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and influenza virus. The patient manifested bloody pleural effusion although his condition improved after anti‐infective therapy and closed thoracic drainage. After 10 days of hospitalization, his symptoms worsened, accompanied by hemoptysis, and the pathogen developed resistance to carbapenems. The antibiotic strategy was adjusted to combined antipseudomonal regimen. He developed low‐grade fever and was extubated, although these manifestations and imaging were eventually alleviated.ConclusionsCommunity‐acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in children may be non‐septic, with bloody pleural effusion as presentation, and the disease may progress after 10 days of treatment due to drug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Early extubation should be considered after adequate drainage.
Causal assessment in evidence synthesis: A methodological review of reviews
Authors: Shimonovich Michal , Pearce Anna , Thomson Hilary , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn fields (such as population health) where randomised trials are often lacking, systematic reviews (SRs) can harness diversity in study design, settings and populations to assess the evidence for a putative causal relationship. SRs may incorporate causal assessment approaches (CAAs), sometimes called ‘causal reviews’, but there is currently no consensus on how these should be conducted. We conducted a methodological review of self‐identifying ‘causal reviews’ within the field of population health to establish: (1) which CAAs are used; (2) differences in how CAAs are implemented; (3) how methods were modified to incorporate causal assessment in SRs. Three databases were searched and two independent reviewers selected reviews for inclusion. Data were extracted using a standardised form and summarised using tabulation and narratively. Fifty‐three reviews incorporated CAAs: 46/53 applied Bradford Hill (BH) viewpoints/criteria, with the remainder taking alternative approaches: Medical Research Council guidance on natural experiments (2/53, 3.8%); realist reviews (2/53, 3.8%); horizontal SRs (1/53, 1.9%); ‘sign test’ of causal mechanisms (1/53, 1.9%); and a causal cascade model (1/53, 1.9%). Though most SRs incorporated BH, there was variation in application and transparency. There was considerable overlap across the CAAs, with a trade‐off between breadth (BH viewpoints considered a greater range of causal characteristics) and depth (many alternative CAAs focused on one viewpoint). Improved transparency in the implementation of CAA in SRs in needed to ensure their validity and allow robust assessments of causality within evidence synthesis.
Implementation of correlated double sampling circuit on glass applied for active pixel sensing array
Authors: Tai Ya‐Hsiang , Yuan Yi‐Cheng , Hsieh Cheng‐Hsueh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the gradual popularization of Internet of Things (IoT) and automation related technologies as well as the rapid development of biometric technology, the application requirements for image sensors have also increased. The improvement of the accuracy of the sensing results has always been a project that people continue to study and optimize. The characteristic of the thin film transistor (TFT), which is often used in active pixel sensor (APS), is likely been affected by temperature and the error during fabrication process, thereby affecting the sensing accuracy. The threshold voltage (Vth) variation is one of the most influential factors among all non‐ideal effect. Correlated double sampling (CDS) is a commonly used technique in eliminating the characteristic variation. In this paper, we proposed a novel CDS circuit composed of TFTs and capacitors which can be integrated on substrate with simulation and implementation. The advantage of the circuit is that Vth variation is eliminated and readout voltage dynamic range is adjusted to fit the operation region of IC at the same time.
Citations and Author Characteristics in Open‐Access and Subscription‐Based Otolaryngology Journals
Authors: Crossley Jason R. , Almasri Mohamad , Samaha Nadia , Deklotz Timothy R. , Harley Earl H. , Davidson Bruce J. , Malekzadeh Sonya , Kim H. Jeffrey 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo describe the academic impact and author characteristics of open‐access journals in otolaryngology.MethodsOriginal articles from three open‐access (OTO Open, Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology, and World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology) and three conventional subscription‐based otolaryngology specific journals (Otolaryngology ‐ Head & Neck Surgery, The Laryngoscope, JAMA Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery) were assessed. Publication dates of articles from January 2017 to July 2020 were included. Google Scholar and Web of Science citation counts were recorded. H‐indexes of first and last authors were included according to Google Scholar and Web of Science and analyzed.ResultsThis analysis included 3284 articles. Articles published in open‐access otolaryngology‐specific journals had significantly fewer citations on average (6.8) than articles published in subscription‐based journals (12.4, p < 0.0001). The last authors of articles published in subscription‐based journals had significantly higher h‐indexes (23.50) compared with the last authors of articles published in open‐access journals (19.53, p < 0.0001). The first authors of articles published in open‐access journals had similar h‐indexes (10.26) as the first authors of articles published in subscription‐based journals (10.33).ConclusionsArticles published in open‐access journals in otolaryngology were cited significantly less than those published in subscription‐based journals. The h‐index of the last authors was significantly lower in open‐access journals; however, the h‐index of the first authors was similar between open‐access and subscription‐based journals. As measured by citations, open‐access publications do not yet appear to have the impact of subscription‐based publications.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:79–82, 2023
Delineating functional mechanisms of the p53/p63/p73 family of transcription factors through identification of protein–protein interactions using interface mimicry
Authors: Guven‐Maiorov Emine , Sakakibara Nozomi , Ponnamperuma Roshini M. , Dong Kun , Matar Hector , King Kathryn E. , Weinberg Wendy C. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMembers of the p53 family of transcription factors—p53, p63, and p73—share a high degree of homology; however, members can be activated in response to different stimuli, perform distinct (sometimes opposing) roles and are expressed in different tissues. The level of complexity is increased further by the transcription of multiple isoforms of each homolog, which may interact or interfere with each other and can impact cellular outcome. Proteins perform their functions through interacting with other proteins (and/or with nucleic acids). Therefore, identification of the interactors of a protein and how they interact in 3D is essential to fully comprehend their roles. By utilizing an in silico protein–protein interaction prediction method—HMI‐PRED—we predicted interaction partners of p53 family members and modeled 3D structures of these protein interaction complexes. This method recovered experimentally known interactions while identifying many novel candidate partners. We analyzed the similarities and differences observed among the interaction partners to elucidate distinct functions of p53 family members and provide examples of how this information may yield mechanistic insight to explain their overlapping versus distinct/opposing outcomes in certain contexts. While some interaction partners are common to p53, p63, and p73, the majority are unique to each member. Nevertheless, most of the enriched pathways associated with these partners are common to all members, indicating that the members target the same biological pathways but through unique mediators. p63 and p73 have more common enriched pathways compared to p53, supporting their similar developmental roles in different tissues.