bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefit of coconut‐based hair oil via hair porosity quantification
Authors: Kaushik Vaibhav , Kumar Ajeet , Gosvami Nitya Nand , Gode Vaishali , Mhaskar Sudhakar , Kamath Yash 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe present study is intended to characterize the surfactant damage suffered by the hair cortex in routine washing and the mechanistic effect of Coconut Based Hair Oils (CBHO) to mitigate the damage.MethodsSurfactants which diffuse into the hair structure solubilize protein moieties, leading to an increase in porosity and internal surface area as well as the pore volume. The changes in hair pores occurring in the hair cortex are measured by nitrogen sorption method in line with the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) theory. Single fiber tensile parameters were measured using Diastron MTT 175. Color protection was measured quantitatively using spectrophotometer as well as visual rating by trained panelists.ResultsThe pore surface area data clearly show the benefit of introducing coconut‐based hair oils (CBHO) into the hair by preventing increase in hair porosity. A statistically significant decrease in break stress and toughness were observed and the same were reversed by the application of CBHO. A pronounced color protection effect was also recorded with the application of CBHO.ConclusionThe porosity reduction effect seen with the use of CBHO is attributed to the CBHO molecules blocking the diffusion pathways in the endocuticle and the matrix part of the cortical cells, limiting protein surfactant interaction resulting in reduced solubilization and loss. Since, the color molecules are likely to be much smaller than the protein moieties, a pronounced color protection effect suggests that the penetrated CBHO molecules form a dense diffusion barrier in the matrix, cell membrane complex (CMC) and the endocuticle regions of hair – which are the main diffusion pathways out of hair. The study confirms the damage repair potential of CBHO and that it works by increasing the hydrophobicity of hair – both on the hair surface and in the cortex.
Present status and future directions: Removal of fractured instruments
Authors: Terauchi Yoshi , Ali Wagih Tarek , Abielhassan Mohamed Mohsen 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe success rate of fractured instrument retrieval varies because it is dependent mainly on several factors including the visibility of the fractured instrument, the length of the fractured instrument in relation to the curvature of the canal and the techniques applied to each case. This review aims to update the present status on removal of fractured instruments to identify factors and variables that could affect the success of fractured instrument retrieval based on both the preparation techniques and the instrument retrieval techniques. On the other hand, future directions of fractured instrument retrieval should focus on management of nonvisible fractured instruments since the removal of those instruments is deemed unpredictable with the current techniques, whereas the removal of visible fractured instruments is considered predictable now. Another possible direction of it is that there might be no more instrument fracture due to possible significant changes in the root canal preparation technique which may dispense with the use of rotary instruments.
Characteristics of anthocyanins in fortified cakes: a promising potent inhibitor of sucrase, α‐glucosidase and lipase
Authors: Huang Danlan , Teo Ni Zhen , Gao Jing , Jin Xiaoxuan , Zhou Weibiao 
Published: April 2022

SummaryAnthocyanins are well‐known compounds that can improve gastrointestinal effects and have the potential to be utilised as an ingredient in functional foods. However, the true pharmacological role that they carry out in human body has been largely elusive. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory action of anthocyanins in a cake matrix on intestinal enzymes – α‐glucosidase, sucrase and lipase. Anthocyanin‐rich black rice extract powder (ABREP) was incorporated into cake at the levels of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2% of flour weight. The physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of the cake, as well as enzyme inhibitory effects of anthocyanins were investigated. Degradation of anthocyanins in the batter occurred up to 68% at the 2% fortification level while the cake matrix asserted a protective effect on the remaining anthocyanins, keeping them by up to 84% after baking. The antioxidant capacity of cakes was increased by nine times when cake was fortified with 2% ABREP. The digestion rate of sucrose was reduced by 4.6 times at a 2% fortification level as compared to the control. Furthermore, cake with 2% ABREP addition showed 150%, 41% and 278% higher inhibitory effects against sucrase, α‐glucosidase and lipase as compared to the one with 0.5% addition, respectively. This study provides an in‐depth understanding of the potential of anthocyanin‐fortified foods for helping people with elevated blood glucose and triglyceride levels.
LncRNA FAF attenuates hypoxia/ischaemia‐induced pyroptosis via the miR‐185‐5p/PAK2 axis in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Gu Jie , Shi Jian‐Zhou , Wang Ya‐Xing , Liu Liu , Wang Si‐Bo , Sun Jia‐Teng , Shan Tian‐Kai , Wang Hao , Wang Qi‐Ming , Wang Lian‐Sheng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPyroptosis is associated with various cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in gene regulation, but how lncRNAs participate in the regulation of pyroptosis in the heart remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the antipyroptotic effects of lncRNA FGF9‐associated factor (FAF) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The expression patterns of lncRNA FAF, miR‐185‐5p and P21 activated kinase 2 (PAK2) were detected in hypoxia/ischaemia‐induced cardiomyocytes. Hoechst 33342/PI staining, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, immunofluorescence and Western blotting were conducted to assay cell pyroptosis. The interaction between lncRNA FAF, miR‐185‐5p and PAK2 was verified by bioinformatics analysis, small RNA sequencing luciferase reporter assay and qRT‐PCR. The expression of LncRNA FAF was downregulated in hypoxic cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissues. Overexpression of lncRNA FAF could attenuate cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, improve cell viability and reduce infarct size during the procession of AMI. Moreover, lncRNA FAF was confirmed as a sponge of miR‐185‐5p and promoted PAK2 expression in cardiomyocytes. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel lncRNA FAF/miR‐185‐5p/PAK2 axis as a crucial regulator in cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, which might be a potential therapeutic target of AMI.
CPNE7 regenerates periodontal ligament via TAU‐mediated alignment and cementum attachment protein‐mediated attachment
Authors: Bai Shengfeng , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Son Chul , Lee Dong‐Seol , Park Joo‐Cheol 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAimOnce the periodontal ligament (PDL) is damaged, it is difficult to regenerate its characteristic structure. Copine7 (CPNE7) reportedly plays a functional role in supporting periodontal attachment and PDL alignment. Here we demonstrate the regulatory mechanism of CPNE7 coordination with cytoskeleton reorganization and cementum attachment protein (CAP)‐mediated attachment in PDL regeneration.Materials and MethodsThe expression and localization of CPNE7, α‐TUBULIN, ACTIN, and microtubule associated protein tau (TAU) were investigated in vitro. The effects of recombinant CPNE7 (rCPNE7) and CPNE7‐derived peptides (CPNE7‐DP) on the regulation of CAP were analysed in vitro, and PDL repair capacity was analysed in vivo.ResultsCPNE7 co‐localized with F‐ACTIN and induced α‐TUBULIN expansion to the edge of human PDL cells (hPDLCs). ACTIN and α‐TUBULIN protein expressions were not elevated in rCPNE7‐treated hPDLCs. rCPNE7 elevated the protein expression of TAU, which co‐localized with F‐ACTIN and α‐TUBULIN. Replantation studies on mice revealed that well‐attached and well‐aligned PDLs were repaired in the rCPNE7 group. CPNE7‐DP directly up‐regulate the expression of CAP in vitro and promote PDL regeneration in three‐wall defect canine models in vivo.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that CPNE7 helps in PDL repair by supporting PDL alignment through TAU‐mediated cytoskeleton reorganization and direct regulation of CAP‐mediated PDL attachments of PDLCs.
Self of the parent: An expanded social cognitive perspective on parent–child sexual communication
Authors: Astle Shelby , McAllister Paige , Pariera Katrina 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCommon theories used to study parent–child sexual communication (PCSC) often do not account for social location, trauma, and the multidimensional experience of being a parent, limiting our ability to understand PCSC behavior. To address this gap, we propose an expanded theoretical perspective based on social cognitive theory (SCT) that focuses on the relationship between self of the parent (including trauma history), PCSC behavior, and social location. With this perspective, we call attention to the SCT concepts of goals, outcome expectancies, self‐efficacy, and observational learning, directly apply them to PCSC processes, and highlight how each is related to social location (e.g., race) and trauma. We call upon PCSC researchers to explore how social location and trauma affect a wide variety of components of self of the parent, how social location and trauma affect PCSC behavior, and how social location and trauma affect the relationship between self of parent and PCSC behavior.
Statistical modelling of how the sagittal alignment of the cervical spine is affected by adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and how scoliosis surgery changes that
Authors: Gardner Adrian , Berryman Fiona , Pynsent Paul 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe relationship between the sagittal shape of the cervical spine and that of the thoracolumbar spine is established in the normal spine. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is recognised as a change in the shape of the spine in both the coronal and sagittal planes. The effects of AIS on the alignment of the cervical spine, including the effects of surgery, has been less well studied. The objective of this study was to identify, using regression analysis, the significant relationships between the alignment of the thoracolumbar spine, in both the coronal and sagittal planes, and the sagittal alignment of the cervical spine in AIS. This study used coronal and sagittal radiographic measures from a group with AIS, both pre and post‐operatively, which were analysed using multiple linear regression methods to identify significant parameters that explain the sagittal shape of the cervical spine. There were 51 pairs of pre and post‐operative radiographs analysed, 40 of which were Lenke 1 curves and 11 Lenke 3 curves. Posterior spinal fusion was performed for all. The significant parameters pre‐operatively were T1 slope, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and SVA with an R2 value of 78%. Post‐operatively, the significant parameters were T1 slope, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and thoracolumbar scoliosis with an R2 of 63%. The sagittal alignment of the cervical spine in AIS is related to the shape of key parameters in the rest of the spine. Changes in the cervical sagittal shape occur to compensate for changes in shape to the rest of the spine that occur as a consequence of surgery. This has implications for the understanding of how the compensatory mechanisms of the spine are used to maintain a horizontal gaze, along with prediction of the effects of surgery on the shape of the spine.
Effect of exogenous lipase on subcutaneous adipose tissue in a porcine animal model
Authors: Mecott‐Rivera Gabriel A. , Canseco‐Cavazos Jose Carlos , Richer‐Peña Jesus Andres , Facio‐Treviño Jose Angel , Rodríguez‐Rocha Humberto , Castillo‐Velazquez Uziel , González‐Vargas Iram Zeyn , Montes de Oca‐Luna Roberto , Chacón‐Moreno Hernan Jesus , Castro‐Govea Yanko 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundTopical exogenous lipase has been approved for cosmetic use and has been used to mobilize fat from adipocytes. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of exogenous lipase in the subcutaneous adipose tissue.MethodsThree different concentrations of exogenous lipase 1× (2 Units per ml), 5× (10 units per ml), and 10× (20 units per ml) were applied in a porcine model. Normal saline (NS) solution (as negative control) and phosphatidylcholine (as positive control) were also injected. Skin and subcutaneous tissue biopsies, up to the fascia, were obtained from each injection site on the 3rd day after injection. The number of cells per 20× field was counted as an indirect measurement of the size of the adipocytes.ResultsFor 1× lipase, the number of cells per field was 47.80 (±7.63) versus 27.26 (±4.93), and 34.66 (±6.84) for NS, and phosphatidylcholine, respectively. For 5× lipase, the count was 36.06 (±4.74) versus 24.13 (±5.18), and 33.2 (±9.34). For 10× lipase, it was 40.06 (±4.35) versus 29.26 (±2.34) and 32.66 (±6.30) (p < .05 for all groups).ConclusionsA higher number of cells per field were observed in the lipase samples, inferring a decreased volume of adipocytes. No inflammation and/or loss of cell architecture were evidenced in the exogenous lipase groups.
Study of botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of ultraviolet B‐induced hyperpigmentation: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Jurairattanaporn Natthachat , Palakornkitti Pasita , Anuntrangsee Tanaporn , Vachiramon Vasanop 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) has been used experimentally under various dermatological conditions. Recent studies have revealed a preventive effect of BTX‐A against ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced skin hyperpigmentation.ObjectiveWe examined the effect of BTX‐A for the treatment of UVB‐induced hyperpigmentation in humans.Material and methodsA prospective, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted. UVB irradiation induced five separate hyperpigmented squares on the abdomen. Seven days after irradiation, all squares were randomly assigned to five intervention groups: control, 0.9% normal saline injection, 12 units (1:2.5), 6 units (1:5), and 4 units (1:7.5) of onabotulinum toxin injections. The lightness index (L*), hyperpigmentation improvement score rated by a blinded physician, and participant satisfaction scores were obtained at 14, 21, and 28 days after injection.ResultsFifteen participants (mean age 36.9 years, Fitzpatrick skin types III‐IV) completed the study. The BTX‐A (1:2.5)‐treated site had a lower degree of hyperpigmentation at all time points, as measured by mean L* and hyperpigmentation improvement scores. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. Participants were most satisfied with the control site.ConclusionIntradermal BTX‐A injection had no therapeutic effect on UVB‐induced hyperpigmentation. However, the role of BTX‐A injections in the treatment of other hyperpigmentary conditions requires further elucidation.
Centric relation: A matter of form and substance
Authors: Fornai Cinzia , Tester Ian , Parlett Kim , Basili Cristian , Costa Helder Nunes 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe recent review article by Zonnenberg, Türp and Greene ‘Centric relation critically revisited – What are the clinical implications’? opens an important debate by addressing topics of central relevance in Dentistry, namely the relationship between occlusion and the condyle‐to‐glenoid‐fossa position, and the need for diagnostic assessment and therapeutic alteration of the condylar position in orthodontic patients. Zonnenberg, Türp and Greene concluded that the mandibular condyle is correctly situated in most orthodontic patients. Thus, in their view, orthodontists can disregard this aspect during treatment, and rely on the plastic properties of the masticatory supporting structures, while aiming at finishing the cases in a good occlusal relationship.We think that this approach fails to consider that biological variation of the stomatognathic structures can also be pathological and that, as dental occlusion determines condylar relative position within the glenoid fossa, changes in the occlusion are likely to alter the original condylar‐to‐glenoid‐fossa relation. Hence, we claim that whenever the occlusal relationship must be changed, the clinician should carefully monitor the condyle position and the mandibular function to prevent possible iatrogenic effects.To advance the discourse on the topic, we invite Zonnenberg, Türp and Greene to clarify their definition of ‘average patient’ and their interpretation of ‘full‐mouth orthodontic and orthognathic treatment’, their understanding of ‘biologically acceptable condylar relationship’, their justification of maximum intercuspation as reference position, the extent to which they think it is safe to rely on the TMJ resilience, and finally their alternative to centric relation in the treatment of patients needing condylar repositioning.
The impact of conflicts on climate and migration policy
Authors: Prieur Fabien , Schumacher Ingmar 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe develop a theoretical model to study the relationship between climate change, migration, and conflicts from the perspective of the recipient countries, which we call collectively the North. The North chooses the number of immigrants it wants to accept together with the amount of climate change mitigation. The potential number of migrants is determined by the extent of climate change in the South. Accepting more migrants allows the North to increase local production but it also exacerbates climate change and gives rise to internal conflicts. Those potential migrants that want to migrate North due to climate change but are not allowed to immigrate may induce external conflicts. We find that a policymaker, subject to the threat of both internal and external conflicts, may either choose a policy that relies more on mitigation with less immigration, or less mitigation and more immigration. Which policy ought to be pursued depends on the relative cost of internal and external conflicts, and the mitigation cost. If either the threat of external or internal conflicts are negligible, then we find that the optimal mitigation and immigration policies are not interdependent any longer. We also discuss when mitigation and immigration policies are substitutes or complements.
Delivery of fluoride varnish during pediatric medical visits by rurality
Authors: Kranz Ashley M. , Goff Sarah L. , Dick Andrew W. , Whaley Christopher , Geissler Kimberley H. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo examine variation in the delivery of fluoride varnish during pediatric medical visits by rurality.MethodsThis observational study used private health insurance claims (2016–2018) for children aged 1–5 years from Connecticut, Maine, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island linked to the county‐level Rural–Urban Continuum codes. County‐level Rural–Urban Continuum codes were categorized into three groups: metropolitan, rural, and remote rural. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of a well‐child medical visit including fluoride varnish by county rurality, adjusting for other individual and county characteristics.ResultsAmong 328,661 pediatric well‐child visits paid by private insurance, fluoride varnish was included in 4.3% of visits in metropolitan counties, 6.2% of visits in rural counties, and 10.3% of visits in remote rural counties. There were significantly higher odds of a visit including fluoride varnish in rural remote counties (odds ratio [OR] = 3.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.3–5.3, p < 0.001) and in rural counties (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.4–4.0, p < 0.001) compared to metropolitan counties. Rates of fluoride varnish during well‐child visits increased since 2016 in metropolitan counties and remained stable in rural counties.ConclusionsAll young children are recommended to receive fluoride varnish applications in medical settings, yet overall rates were low. For privately insured young children, pediatric well‐child medical visits were more likely to include fluoride varnish in rural and rural remote counties than metropolitan counties.
Historical exposure to chemicals reduces tolerance to novel chemical stress in Daphnia (waterflea)
Authors: Abdullahi Muhammad , Zhou Jiarui , Dandhapani Vignesh , Chaturvedi Anurag , Orsini Luisa 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUntil the last few decades, anthropogenic chemicals used in most production processes have not been comprehensively assessed for their risk and impact on wildlife and humans. They are transported globally and usually end up in the environment as unintentional pollutants, causing long‐term adverse effects. Modern toxicology practices typically use acute toxicity tests of unrealistic concentrations of chemicals to determine their safe use, missing pathological effects arising from long‐term exposures to environmentally relevant concentrations. Here, we study the transgenerational effect of environmentally relevant concentrations of five chemicals on the priority list of international regulatory frameworks on the keystone species Daphnia magna. We expose Daphnia genotypes resurrected from the sedimentary archive of a lake with a known history of chemical pollution to the five chemicals to understand how historical exposure to chemicals influences adaptive responses to novel chemical stress. We measure within‐ and transgenerational plasticity in fitness‐linked life history traits following exposure of “experienced” and “naive” genotypes to novel chemical stress. As the revived Daphnia originate from the same genetic pool sampled at different times in the past, we are able to quantify the long‐term evolutionary impact of chemical pollution by studying genome‐wide diversity and identifying functional pathways affected by historical chemical stress. Our results suggest that historical exposure to chemical stress causes reduced genome‐wide diversity, leading to lower cross‐generational tolerance to novel chemical stress. Lower tolerance is underpinned by reduced gene diversity at detoxification, catabolism and endocrine genes in experienced genotypes. We show that these genes sit within pathways that are conserved and potential chemical targets in other species, including humans.