bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of phenolic acids and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside on the bitterness and astringency of green tea infusion
Authors: Chen Yu-Hong , Zhang Yan-Hong , Chen Gen-Sheng , Yin Jun-Feng , Chen Jian-Xin , Wang Fang , Xu Yong-Quan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPhenolic acids are important taste components in green tea. The aim of this study was to analyze the taste characteristics of phenolic acids and their influence on the bitterness and astringency of green tea by sensory evaluation and chemical determination. The major tea phenolic acids and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (Que-rut) were significantly positively correlated with the bitterness (r = 0.757, p < 0.01; r = 0.605, p < 0.05) and astringency (r = 0.870, p < 0.01; r = 0.576, p < 0.05) of green tea infusion. The phenolic acids have a sour and astringent taste, whereas Que-rut has a mild astringent taste. Phenolic acids and Que-rut can increase the bitterness of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). However, these components behaved differently for astringency on EGCG. Gallic acid (GA) enhances the astringency throughout all the concentrations in this study. While it seemed to be double effects of caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), and Que-rut on that, i.e., the inhibition at lower concentrations (CA: 0–0.2 mM; CGA: 0–0.2 mM; Que-rut: 0–0.05 mM) but enhancement at higher ones. The phenolic acids and Que-rut interacted synergistically with tea infusion and as their concentration increased, the synergistic enhancement of the bitterness and astringency of tea infusion increased. These findings help provide a theoretical basis for improving the taste of middle and green tea.
The small world coefficient 4.8 ± 1 optimizes information processing in 2D neuronal networks
Authors: Aprile F. , Onesto V. , Gentile F. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSmall world networks have recently attracted much attention because of their unique properties. Mounting evidence suggests that communication is optimized in networks with a small world topology. However, despite the relevance of the argument, little is known about the effective enhancement of information in similar graphs. Here, we provide a quantitative estimate of the efficiency of small world networks. We used a model of the brain in which neurons are described as agents that integrate the signals from other neurons and generate an output that spreads in the system. We then used the Shannon Information Entropy to decode those signals and compute the information transported in the grid as a function of its small-world-ness ($${\rm{SW}}$$
SW
), of the length ($$\triangle t$$

∆
t

) and frequency ($$f$$
f
) of the originating stimulus. In numerical simulations in which $${\rm{SW}}$$
SW
was varied between $$0$$
0
and $$14$$
14
we found that, for certain values of $$\triangle t$$

∆
t

and $$f$$
f
, communication is enhanced up to $$30$$
30
times compared to unstructured systems of the same size. Moreover, we found that the information processing capacity of a system steadily increases with $${\rm{SW}}$$
SW
until the value $${\rm{SW}}=4.8\pm 1$$

SW
=
4.8
±
1

, independently on $$\triangle t$$

∆
t

and $$f$$
f
. After this threshold, the performance degrades with $${\rm{SW}}$$
SW
and there is no convenience in increasing indefinitely the number of active links in the system. Supported by the findings of the work and in analogy with the exergy in thermodynamics, we introduce the concept of exordic systems: a system is exordic if it is topologically biased to transmit information efficiently.
Impact of COVID-19 on the association between pulse oximetry and arterial oxygenation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Nguyen Lee S. , Helias Marion , Raia Lisa , Nicolas Estelle , Jaubert Paul , Benghanem Sarah , Ait Hamou Zakaria , Dupland Pierre , Charpentier Julien , Pène Frédéric , Cariou Alain , Mira Jean-Paul , Chiche Jean-Daniel , Jozwiak Mathieu 
Published: January 2022

AbstractManaging patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requires frequent changes in mechanical ventilator respiratory settings to optimize arterial oxygenation assessed by arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and saturation (SaO2). Pulse oxymetry (SpO2) has been suggested as a non-invasive surrogate for arterial oxygenation however its accuracy in COVID-19 patients is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of COVID-19 status on the association between SpO2 and arterial oxygenation. We prospectively included patients with ARDS and compared COVID-19 to non-COVID-19 patients, regarding SpO2 and concomitant arterial oxygenation (SaO2 and PaO2) measurements, and their association. Bias was defined as mean difference between SpO2 and SaO2 measurements. Occult hypoxemia was defined as a SpO2 ≥ 92% while concomitant SaO2 < 88%. Multiple linear regression models were built to account for confounders. We also assessed concordance between positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) trial-induced changes in SpO2 and in arterial oxygenation. We included 55 patients, among them 26 (47%) with COVID-19. Overall, SpO2 and SaO2 measurements were correlated (r = 0.70; p < 0.0001), however less so in COVID-19 than in non-COVID-19 patients (r = 0.55, p < 0.0001 vs. r = 0.84, p < 0.0001, p = 0.002 for intergroup comparison). Bias was + 1.1%, greater in COVID-19 than in non-COVID-19 patients (2.0 vs. 0.3%; p = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, bias was associated with COVID-19 status (unstandardized β = 1.77, 95%CI = 0.38–3.15, p = 0.01), ethnic group and ARDS severity. Occult hypoxemia occurred in 5.5% of measurements (7.7% in COVID-19 patients vs. 3.4% in non-COVID-19 patients, p = 0.42). Concordance rate between PEEP trial-induced changes in SpO2 and SaO2 was 84%, however less so in COVID-19 than in non-COVID-19 patients (69% vs. 97%, respectively). Similar results were observed for PaO2 regarding correlations, bias, and concordance with SpO2 changes. In patients with ARDS, SpO2 was associated with arterial oxygenation, but COVID-19 status significantly altered this association.
Uniparental genetic markers to investigate hybridization in wild-born marmosets with a mixed phenotype among Callithrix aurita and invasive species
Authors: Nogueira Denise Monnerat , de Carvalho Rodrigo Salles , de Oliveira Andréa Maria , de Paula Thiago Silva , Pereira Daniel Gomes , Pissinatti Alcides , Loiola Silvia de Oliveira , Carvalho Elizeu Fagundes , Silva Dayse Aparecida , Bergallo Helena Godoy , Ferreira Ana Maria dos Reis 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe native marmoset of the Southeastern Atlantic Forest in Brazil is among the 25 most endangered primates of the world. Hybridization with alien species is one of its main threats registered since the early 2000s based on phenotype, so far, without genetic confirmation. Using uniparental molecular markers, we analyzed 18 putative hybrids, captured from 2004 to 2013 in different localities of the Atlantic Forest. A nine base pair deletion in theSRYgene ofC. auritawas used to investigate paternal ancestry. Maternal ancestry was assessed by DNA sequencing of ca. 455 bp from theCOX2gene. Hybridization was confirmed for 16 out of the 18 marmosets since they inheritedCOX2haplotypes of the alienC. penicillataorC. jacchusand theSRYdeletion specific toC. aurita. Two individuals inherited both parental lineages ofC. aurita, which is probably related to backcrossing or hybrid interbreeding. The direction of hybridization of females with the matrilineal lineage of invasive species with males descending from the native lineage was predominant in our sampling. This is the first time that hybridization betweenC. auritaand invasive species has been confirmed through genetic analysis.
Performance and reliability improvement in intercalated MLGNR interconnects using optimized aspect ratio
Authors: Kumari Bhawana , Sharma Rohit , Sahoo Manodipan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this work, aspect ratio of various intercalation doped MLGNR interconnects are optimized using a numerical approach to achieve improved performance and reliability. A numerical optimization method is presented to estimate optimized aspect ratio considering combined effects of performance, noise and reliability metrics for any arbitrary nano interconnect system. This approach is cost effective and will be extremely useful to industry for selection of aspect ratio of interconnects as it is a non-SPICE method and reduces fabrication iterations for achieving desired performance and reliability. Our numerical method suggests that by minimizing the figure of merit (i.e. Noise Delay Power Product / Breakdown Power$$P_{BD}$$PBDratio), aspect ratio of FeCl3doped MLGNR interconnect is optimized at 0.987, 0.61 and 0.579 for local, intermediate and global level, respectively at 7 nm node. Comparing the optimized performance metrics in this work with the estimated metrics at prescribed aspect ratio byIRDSroadmap, delay, noise delay product (NDP), power delay product (PDP),$$PDP/ P_{BD}$$PDP/PBDratio and figure of merit are improved by ($$\sim$$∼2% and$$\sim$$∼25%), ($$\sim$$∼44% and$$\sim$$∼50%), ($$\sim$$∼9% and$$\sim$$∼48%), ($$\sim$$∼6% and$$\sim$$∼48%) and ($$\sim$$∼49% and$$\sim$$∼68%) for 10$$\mu$$μm and 1 mm long Fecl3doped MLGNR interconnect, respectively at 7 nm node. Increase in contact resistance leads to significant decrease in performance and increase in optimized aspect ratio of local Fecl3doped MLGNR interconnect. Scaling down from 10 to 7 nm node results in increase of optimized aspect ratio in all levels of interconnects. Even though the performance of MLGNR degrades with scaling down but when compared to copper, the performance improves with technology scaling. Finally, this study provides circuit designers a detailed guideline for selecting an optimized aspect ratio for achieving better performance, power efficiency and reliability in doped MLGNR interconnects.
No evidence that mask-wearing in public places elicits risk compensation behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Liebst Lasse S. , Ejbye-Ernst Peter , de Bruin Marijn , Thomas Josephine , Lindegaard Marie R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFace masks have been widely employed as a personal protective measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, concerns remain that masks create a false sense of security that reduces adherence to other public health measures, including social distancing. This paper tested whether mask-wearing was negatively associated with social distancing compliance. In two studies, we combined video-observational records of public mask-wearing in two Dutch cities with a natural-experimental approach to evaluate the effect of an area-based mask mandate. We found no observational evidence of an association between mask-wearing and social distancing but found a positive link between crowding and social distancing violations. Our natural-experimental analysis showed that an area-based mask mandate did not significantly affect social distancing or crowding levels. Our results alleviate the concern that mask use reduces social distancing compliance or increases crowding levels. On the other hand, crowding reduction may be a viable strategy to mitigate social distancing violations.
Bacillus subtilis spores as delivery system for nasal Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite surface protein immunization in a murine model
Authors: de Almeida Maria Edilene M. , Alves Késsia Caroline Souza , de Vasconcelos Maria Gabriella Santos , Pinto Thiago Serrão , Glória Juliane Corrêa , Chaves Yury Oliveira , Neves Walter Luiz Lima , Tarragô Andrea Monteiro , de Souza Neto Júlio Nino , Astolfi-Filho Spartaco , Pontes Gemilson Soares , da Silva Balieiro Antônio Alcirley , Isticato Rachele , Ricca Ezio , Mariúba Luis André M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMalaria remains a widespread public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, and there is still no vaccine available for full protection. In recent years, it has been observed that spores of Bacillus subtillis can act as a vaccine carrier and adjuvant, promoting an elevated humoral response after co-administration with antigens either coupled or integrated to their surface. In our study, B. subtillis spores from the KO7 strain were used to couple the recombinant CSP protein of P. falciparum (rPfCSP), and the nasal humoral-induced immune response in Balb/C mice was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that the spores coupled to rPfCSP increase the immunogenicity of the antigen, which induces high levels of serum IgG, and with balanced Th1/Th2 immune response, being detected antibodies in serum samples for 250 days. Therefore, the use of B. subtilis spores appears to be promising for use as an adjuvant in a vaccine formulation.
Effectivity of treatment for children with functional dyspepsia
Authors: Légeret Corinne , Stienen Yvonne , Furlano Raoul , Köhler Henrik 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFunctional dyspepsia is very common in children of all ages and has a significant impact on the patient’s family and quality of life. Since the revision of the Rome IV criteria with the introduction of two subtypes, the prevalence of functional dyspepsia has increased, but currently no guidelines for the treatment are available. The aim of this study was to characterize patients, who have been diagnosed with functional dyspepsia and analyze the outcome of different treatments they received. This is a retrospective study of pediatric patients, diagnosed with functional dyspepsia between March 2017 and September 2020. All patients aged between 0 and18 years, who complained about gastric symptoms, have had a normal full blood count, a normal thyroid function, a negative coeliac screening, and most importantly normal macro- and microscopic findings on esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy were included in the study. Patient’s data were extracted from the medical record and three months after the performance of the endoscopy, parents were interviewed about the effect of the treatment. A total of 154 patients (66.2% female, 33.8% male) between the age of 4 and 18 years were included. In 113 (73.4%) the leading symptom was epigastric pain, followed by nausea (22; 14.3%) and a fifth of the patients (females: 18.6%; males: 21.2%) self-reported a current stressor in clinic. After receiving the diagnosis of a functional nature, families chose following treatments: 50 STW5 (32.3%, overall, 10.4% added dietary changes, alternative treatment, and psychology support), psychological support (22.7%), alternative treatments (e.g., hypnotherapy, meditation; 19.5%), dietary changes (12.9%), lifestyle changes (9.7%), no treatment (11%) and in 10.4% no treatment was needed as symptoms resolved after endoscopy had been performed. Only lifestyle changes (p = 0.03) in females, dietary changes (p = 0.035 for girls, p = 0.06 for boys) and STW5 in males (p = 0.043) showed a statistically relevant correlation regarding duration of symptoms. There was no correlation between location of symptoms and effectiveness of treatment. It is recommended to treat patients from both subgroups of functional dyspepsia differently, in accordance with the currently available explanatory models of underlying pathophysiological processes. In this cohort of patients this could not be verified. As all patients did benefit from any treatment, it is likely that the treatment itself was not accountable for the relief of symptoms, but that most patients benefit from education on the diagnosis, reassurance and a recommendation of a healthy lifestyle. Some patients might benefit from medications, small changes in the diet, psychological support or alternative treatment, but success depends on individual, unpredictable factor.
No short-term effect of sinking microplastics on heterotrophy or sediment clearing in the tropical coral Stylophora pistillata
Authors: Bejarano Sonia , Diemel Valeska , Feuring Anna , Ghilardi Mattia , Harder Tilmann 
Published: January 2022

AbstractInvestigations of encounters between corals and microplastics have, to date, used particle concentrations that are several orders of magnitude above environmentally relevant levels. Here we investigate whether concentrations closer to values reported in tropical coral reefs affect sediment shedding and heterotrophy in reef-building corals. We show that single-pulse microplastic deposition elicits significantly more coral polyp retraction than comparable amounts of calcareous sediments. When deposited separately from sediments, microplastics remain longer on corals than sediments, through stronger adhesion and longer periods of examination by the coral polyps. Contamination of sediments with microplastics does not retard corals’ sediment clearing rates. Rather, sediments speed-up microplastic shedding, possibly affecting its electrostatic behaviour. Heterotrophy rates are three times higher than microplastic ingestion rates when corals encounter microzooplankton (Artemia salina cysts) and microplastics separately. Exposed to cysts-microplastic combinations, corals feed preferentially on cysts regardless of microplastic concentration. Chronic-exposure experiments should test whether our conclusions hold true under environmental conditions typical of inshore marginal coral reefs.
Revealing the differential protein profiles behind the nitrogen use efficiency in popcorn (Zea mays var. everta)
Authors: Khan Shahid , Pinto Vitor Batista , do Amaral Júnior Antônio Teixeira , Gonçalves Gabriel Moreno Bernardo , Corrêa Caio Cézar Guedes , Ferreira Fernando Rafael Alves , de Souza Guilherme Augusto Rodrigues , Campostrini Eliemar , Freitas Marta Simone Mendonça , Vieira Marlene Evangelista , de Oliveira Santos Talles , de Lima Valter Jário , Kamphorst Samuel Henrique , do Amaral José Francisco Teixeira , Mora-Poblete Freddy , de Souza Filho Gonçalo Apolinário , Silveira Vanildo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe investigated the proteomic profiles of two popcorn inbred lines, P2 (N-efficient and N-responsive) and L80 (N-inefficient and nonresponsive to N), under low (10% of N supply) and high (100% of N supply) nitrogen environments, associated with agronomic- and physiological-related traits to NUE. The comparative proteomic analysis allowed the identification of 79 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in the comparison of high/low N for P2 and 96 DAPs in the comparison of high/low N for L80. The NUE and N uptake efficiency (NUpE) presented high means in P2 in comparison to L80 at both N levels, but the NUE, NUpE, and N utilization efficiency (NUtE) rates decreased in P2 under a high N supply. DAPs involved in energy and carbohydrate metabolism suggested that N regulates enzymes of alternative pathways to adapt to energy shortages and that fructose-bisphosphate aldolase may act as one of the key primary nitrate responsive proteins in P2. Proteins related to ascorbate biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism increased their regulation in P2, and the interaction of l-ascorbate peroxidase and Fd-NiR may play an important role in the NUE trait. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the proteomic changes taking place in contrasting inbred lines, providing useful information on the genetic improvement of NUE in popcorn.
Dyeing of soybean protein/flax blended yarns with reactive dyes and subsequent dye-fixation
Authors: Liu Jie , Jiang Wenqi , Lv Chun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe dyeing process of soybean protein/flax blended yarns with reactive dyes (containing monofunctional or bifunctional groups) and the method of improving the color fastness of dyed yarns treated with an ecofriendly formaldehyde-free fixing agent were studied. Influence factors such as sodium carbonate concentration, salt concentration, fixation time and temperature were analyzed, the optimum processes to soybean protein/flax blended yarns dyed with the two reactive dyes were determined: the soybean protein/flax blended yarns were dyed with Reactive Yellow K-R at a bath to material ratio of 20:1, dye concentration 2% owf., sodium chloride 40 g/L, sodium carbonate 10 g/L, fixed at 85 °C for 30 min; and dyed with Reactive Yellow B-4RFN at a bath to material ratio of 20:1, dye concentration 2% owf., sodium chloride 50 g/L, sodium carbonate 15 g/L, fixed at 70 °C for 50 min. The application processes of formaldehyde-free fixing agent DM-2158 were also determined. Performance test results indicated that both K-type and B-type reactive dyes had good colorfastness to washing and rubbing, and B-type reactive dyes showed a higher fixing effect than K-type reactive dyes. The application of a formaldehyde-free fixing agent to dyed products improved the colorfastness to washing and rubbing, especially for blended yarns dyed with K-type reactive dyes.
Multimodal analysis suggests differential immuno-metabolic crosstalk in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma
Authors: Leitner Brooks P. , Givechian Kevin B. , Ospanova Shyryn , Beisenbayeva Aray , Politi Katerina , Perry Rachel J. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractImmunometabolism within the tumor microenvironment is an appealing target for precision therapy approaches in lung cancer. Interestingly, obesity confers an improved response to immune checkpoint inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), suggesting intriguing relationships between systemic metabolism and the immunometabolic environment in lung tumors. We hypothesized that visceral fat and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake influenced the tumor immunometabolic environment and that these bidirectional relationships differ in NSCLC subtypes, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). By integrating 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing, and histology, we observed that LUSC had a greater dependence on glucose than LUAD. In LUAD tumors with high glucose uptake, glutaminase was downregulated, suggesting a tradeoff between glucose and glutamine metabolism, while in LUSC tumors with high glucose uptake, genes related to fatty acid and amino acid metabolism were also increased. We found that tumor-infiltrating T cells had the highest expression of glutaminase, ribosomal protein 37, and cystathionine gamma-lyase in NSCLC, highlighting the metabolic flexibility of this cell type. Further, we demonstrate that visceral adiposity, but not body mass index (BMI), was positively associated with tumor glucose uptake in LUAD and that patients with high BMI had favorable prognostic transcriptional profiles, while tumors of patients with high visceral fat had poor prognostic gene expression. We posit that metabolic adjunct therapy may be more successful in LUSC rather than LUAD due to LUAD’s metabolic flexibility and that visceral adiposity, not BMI alone, should be considered when developing precision medicine approaches for the treatment of NSCLC.
The fast continuous wavelet transformation (fCWT) for real-time, high-quality, noise-resistant time–frequency analysis
Authors: Arts Lukas P. A. , van den Broek Egon. L. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe spectral analysis of signals is currently either dominated by the speed–accuracy trade-off or ignores a signal’s often non-stationary character. Here we introduce an open-source algorithm to calculate the fast continuous wavelet transform (fCWT). The parallel environment of fCWT separates scale-independent and scale-dependent operations, while utilizing optimized fast Fourier transforms that exploit downsampled wavelets. fCWT is benchmarked for speed against eight competitive algorithms, tested on noise resistance and validated on synthetic electroencephalography and in vivo extracellular local field potential data. fCWT is shown to have the accuracy of CWT, to have 100 times higher spectral resolution than algorithms equal in speed, to be 122 times and 34 times faster than the reference and fastest state-of-the-art implementations and we demonstrate its real-time performance, as confirmed by the real-time analysis ratio. fCWT provides an improved balance between speed and accuracy, which enables real-time, wide-band, high-quality, time–frequency analysis of non-stationary noisy signals.