bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective, multicenter study of 2-level cervical arthroplasty with a PEEK-on-ceramic artificial disc
Authors: Coric Domagoj , Guyer Richard D. , Bae Hyun , Nunley Pierce D. , Strenge K. Brandon , Peloza John H. , Boltes Margaret O. , Ohnmeiss Donna D. 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a PEEK-on-ceramic cervical total disc replacement (cTDR) device for the treatment of 2-level cervical disc disease with radiculopathy and/or myelopathy.

METHODS
The study was a prospective, nonrandomized, historically controlled FDA investigational device exemption trial evaluating the Simplify Cervical Artificial Disc for use at 2 levels. The anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) control group was derived from a propensity score–matched (using subclassification) cohort of patients who participated in an earlier prospective trial in which similar indications were used. The follow-up duration was 24 months. The primary outcome was a 4-point composite success classification. Other validated clinical and radiographic assessments were also evaluated.

RESULTS
The investigational group (n = 182) was compared with patients who underwent ACDF (n = 170) in a historical control group using propensity score analysis. The overall composite success rate was statistically significantly greater in the cTDR group compared with the ACDF group (86.7% vs 77.1%; p < 0.05). The mean Neck Disability Index scores improved significantly in both groups, with cTDR significantly lower at some follow-up points. At the 24-month follow-up, a minimum 15-point improvement in Neck Disability Index scores was achieved in 92.9% of the cTDR group and 83.5% of the ACDF group (p > 0.05). In both groups, neck and arm pain scores improved significantly (p < 0.05) by 6 weeks and improvement was maintained throughout follow-up. Segmental range of motion was maintained at both treated segments in the cTDR group. MRI performed in the cTDR group at 24 months postoperatively found minimal changes in facet joint degeneration. The rate of subsequent surgical intervention was 2.2% in the cTDR group and 8.8% in the ACDF group.

CONCLUSIONS
This study adds to the growing body of literature supporting cTDR for 2-level cervical disc disease with radiculopathy or myelopathy. cTDR showed a superior overall success rate compared to ACDF, while maintaining motion. These results support that the Simplify disc is a viable alternative to ACDF in appropriately selected patients with 2-level cervical spondylosis.
Corpus callosum injury after neurosurgical intervention for posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation and association with neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years
Authors: Cizmeci Mehmet N. , Groenendaal Floris , van der Aa Niek E. , Vandewouw Marlee M. , Young Julia M. , Han Kuosen , Benders Manon J. N. L. , Taylor Margot J. , de Vries Linda S. , Woerdeman Peter A. 
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE
Direct injury to the corpus callosum (CC) due to neurosurgical interventions in infants with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) has not been reported in the literature. The authors observed a subset of infants who had suffered penetrating CC injury after neurosurgical interventions for PHVD and hypothesized that this pattern of injury may result in suboptimal CC maturation and neurodevelopmental impairment.

METHODS
In this multicenter, retrospective, observational study, 100 preterm and 17 full-term infants with PHVD were included and compared with 23 preterm controls. Both neonatal and postneonatal brain MRI scans were assessed for injury, and measurements were performed on postneonatal MRI scans at 2 years’ corrected age. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at 2 years’ corrected age.

RESULTS
A total of 269 brain MRI scans of 140 infants were included. Of infants with PHVD, 48 (41%) had penetrating CC injury following neurosurgical interventions. The median (IQR) CC midsagittal surface area was smaller in infants with CC injury when compared with infants with PHVD who had intact CC and controls (190 mm2 [149–262 mm2] vs 268 mm2 [206–318 mm2] vs 289 mm2 [246–320 mm2], respectively; p < 0.001). In the univariate analysis, the area of the CC was associated with cognitive Z score (coefficient 0.009 [95% CI 0.005–0.012], p < 0.001) and motor Z score (coefficient 0.009 [95% CI 0.006–0.012], p < 0.001). In the multivariable model, CC injury was not independently associated with cognitive and motor Z score after adjusting for gestational age and presence of periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (coefficient 0.04 [95% CI −0.36 to 0.46] and −0.37 [95% CI −0.83 to 0.09], p = 0.7 and 0.1, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
CC injury was not uncommon following neurosurgical interventions for PHVD in both preterm and full-term infants. At the age of 2 years, the CC midsagittal surface area was smaller in infants with injury, but CC injury was not independently associated with cognitive and motor outcomes at 2 years’ corrected age.
Minute-Scale Synthesis of Nano Silicalite-1 Zeolites
Authors: Zhang Changsheng , Chu Shaoqi , Jiang Jie , Zhao Jinchong , Wen Song , Sun Bing , Xu Wei 
Published: April 2022

Synthesis of zeolites in more efficient and greener methods is of great significance in both industrial and academic fields. However, the relative long time for zeolite crystallization and much consumption of water solvent make the target challengeable. Herein, a route for ultrafast synthesis of nano Silicalite-1 zeolites in 10 min with much less water consumption has been developed. Comprehensive characterizations, i.e., X-ray powder diffraction, N2 sorption, scanning electron microscope, and NMR, confirm the high quality of such obtained Silicalite-1 zeolites. In the catalytic deoxygenation of O2-containing ethylene (mixture of O2 and ethylene), these reported Silicalite-1 zeolite samples show the comparable performance with the conventional Silicalite-1 zeolites synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. This research therefore provides a new trial toward the ultrafast synthesis of zeolite materials in an environment-friendly route.
Sex Differences in Incidence and Outcome of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Within a Local Health Network
Authors: Wittwer Melanie R. , Aldridge Emily , Hein Cindy , Thorrowgood Mel , Zeitz Chris , Beltrame John F. , Arstall Margaret A. 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionSex and gender differences in presentation and characteristics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) are established in cohorts with presumed cardiac aetiology but not non-cardiac etiology. This study investigated the effect of sex on incidence and outcome of OHCA according to presumed and adjudicated aetiology within a local health network.MethodsPopulation-based observational cohort study of emergency medical services (EMS) attended OHCAs within an Australian local health network. Cases identified from an EMS registry between 2012-2016 were linked to a hospital registry. Age-standardised incidence and baseline characteristics were stratified by sex for EMS-treated OHCA, non-EMS witnessed presumed cardiac and obvious non-cardiac sub-cohorts, and hospitalised cases. Logistic regression was used to explore the primary outcome of survival to hospital discharge.ResultsWe identified 2,024 EMS-attended and 780 EMS-treated OHCAs. The non-EMS witnessed sub-cohorts comprised 504 presumed cardiac and 168 obvious non-cardiac OHCAs. Adjudicated aetiology was recorded in 123 hospitalised cases. Age-standardised incidence for women was almost half that of men across all groups. Across cohorts, women were generally older and arrested with a non-shockable initial rhythm in an area of low socioeconomic status. There was no sex difference in the primary outcome for the main EMS-treated cohort or in the non-cardiac sub-cohorts. The sex difference in outcome in the presumed cardiac sub-cohort was not present after multivariable adjustment.ConclusionsThere are sex differences in incidence and outcome of EMS-treated OHCA that appear to be driven by differences in susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias and underlying etiology, rather than treatment delays or disparities.
Study on Oil Flow Surging and Protection Optimization for on Load Tap Changer of Converter Transformer
Authors: Zhou Haibin , Xie Zhicheng , Chen Xing , Guan Qinggang , Deng Jun , Liu Guanwei , Yan Xiaojiang 
Published: April 2022

The on-load tap changer (OLTC) is one of the key components of converter transformer. The energy generated during tap switching process of the OLTC will cause thermal expansion and surging of the insulating oil in the chamber, resulting in the mis-operation of protective relay and threatening the safe and stable operation of the power system as well. Therefore, taking the typical dual-transition resistance-type OLTC as an example, a numerical modeling method of OLTC oil flow surging based on the realizable k-ε model is proposed, and the fluid simulation model is established based on the FLUENT software. The quantitative relationship between the OLTC transition resistance value and the oil velocity and oil pressure at the top of the oil chamber is analyzed, that is, the smaller the transition resistance, the greater the oil flow velocity and oil pressure during switching. In addition, an equivalent experimental platform is built to carry out the static action characteristic experiment of OLTC oil flow relay, the corresponding relationship between the change range of oil pressure at the top of the chamber, and the oil velocity under typical value (1.5 m/s, 2.0 m/s, and 2.5 m/s) are revealed. Based on which, the optimization suggestions on the protection relay threshold configuration of OLTC oil velocity and oil pressure are put forward.
Comprehensive Analysis of Tumor Immune Microenvironment Characteristics for the Prognostic Prediction and Immunotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yijie , Chen Dongyi , Yin Junhao , Xie Jian , Sun Chun-yu , Lu Mengmeng 
Published: April 2022

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer of oral and maxillofacial region. A recent clinical research has shown that tumor immune microenvironment (TIME)cells are closely related to immunotherapy sensitivity and OSCC prognosis. Nonetheless, a comprehensive analysis of TIME in OSCC has not been reported.Methods: Bioinformatics and computational algorithms were employed to determine the significance of TIME cells in 257 OSCC patients. TIME scores were measured by three TIME models, and then used to evaluate the prognosis of OSCC patients.Results: High TIME score was characterized by better prognosis in OSCC patients less than 60 years old, overexpression of immunotherapy targets (e.g., PD-1 and CLTA-4), and higher T-cell activity to inhibit tumor growth. Besides, poor prognosis was associated with low time score.Conclusion: TIME score exhibited potential as a prognostic biomarker and an indicator in predict immunotherapeutic outcomes. Through the understanding of TIME model, this study can provide a better scheme for immunotherapy as the effective treatment of OSCC patients in the future.
A Novel Mutation of Transferrin Receptor 2 in a Chinese Pedigree With Type 3 Hemochromatosis: A Case Report
Authors: Tang Shan , Bai Li , Gao Yuan , Hou Wei , Song Wenyan , Liu Hui , Hu Zhongjie , Duan Zhongping , Zhang Liaoyun , Zheng Sujun 
Published: April 2022

Type 3 hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a rare form of HH characterized by genetic mutation in the TFR2 gene. Clinical features reported in patients with type 3 HH include abnormal liver function, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, diabetes, hypogonadism, cardiomyopathy, and skin pigmentation. Since its original description in 2000, 33 pathogenic TFR2 mutations associated with HH have been described until now. Here, we first reported a Chinese pedigree of TFR2-related hemochromatosis with a novel compound heterozygous mutation c.1288G &gt; A (p.G430R)/c.960T &gt; A (p.Y320X). Interestingly, different phenotypes were reported although the proband and his sister shared the same gene mutation. This inconsistency between genotypes and phenotypes indicates multifactorial etiology contributing to the development of HH. Our report broadens the mutation spectrum of the TFR2 gene associated with HH.
Case Report: Novel Biallelic Variants in DNAJC21 Causing an Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Spectrum Phenotype: An Odyssey to Diagnosis
Authors: Chirita-Emandi Adela , Petrescu Carmen-Angela-Maria , Zimbru Cristian G. , Stoica Florina , Marian Catalin , Ciubotaru Andreea , Bataneant Mihaela , Puiu Maria 
Published: April 2022

Bone marrow failure represents an umbrella diagnosis for several life-threatening disorders. In many people, the etiology remains unknown for a long time, leading to an odyssey to diagnosis, with numerous tests performed and sometimes inappropriate treatment. Biallelic pathogenic variants in the DNAJC21 gene were recently discovered to cause bone marrow failure syndrome type 3, having phenotypic overlap with Fanconi anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, Shwachman–Diamond syndrome, and Diamond–Blackfan anemia. Herein, we report an 8-year-old boy, with normal intellect, presenting bone marrow failure; growth retardation; failure to thrive; recurrent infections (including sepsis); cryptorchidia; skeletal, skin, teeth, and hair abnormalities; joint hypermobility; eczema; palpebral ptosis; high myopia; rod–cone retinal dystrophy; and short telomeres. He underwent several tests and evaluations, including genetic investigations (panel and exome sequencing), before the DNAJC21 gene was known to cause disease. Whole-genome sequencing performed at the age of 7 years, identified two novel, pathogenic, and compound heterozygous variants in the DNAJC21 gene: NM_001012339.3:c.148C&gt;T (stopgain-maternal origin), p.Gln50∗ and c.643_644delinsTTT (frameshift paternal origin), and p.Lys215Phefs∗71. He received aggressive treatments for his multisystem disease: blood cell transfusions, high-dose corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, multiple antibiotics, vitamins, growth hormone, and others. However, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was avoided. The clinical evolution of bone marrow failure and recurrent infections stabilized with age, yet the myopia progressed. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was not detected. This report widens the molecular and clinical understanding of bone marrow failure syndrome type 3. Genome sequencing directed a precise diagnosis that improved patient management and enabled family genetic counseling.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Fly Ash Based Mineral Polymer Precursors
Authors: Miao Xia , Yimiao Nie , Shuxian Liu , Ling Wang , Long Wang , Sen Wang 
Published: April 2022

Preparation of mineral polymer materials with fly ash is one of the effective ways to realize the green and comprehensive utilization of fly ash. Using the sol-gel method mineral aggregate material precursor, swe tudied the different sources of silicon and aluminum, synthesis temperature, different Si/Al ratio, different dosages of ethanol, and other influence factors under the conditions of the synthesis, and the structure of the sample using the means of XRD, SEM, TG, IR on the synthesis of silica-alumina precursor sample performance and structure are analyzed. The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions were obtained when the Si/Al ratio was 10:1, the synthesis temperature was 70°C, and the sample was calcined at 850°C for 3 h with the highest synthesis rate of 81.33%. The Si-Al precursors prepared are amorphous—phase amorphous grid—space structures. The infrared analysis indicated that the synthesized sample had a Si-O-Si bond, but the absorption peak and characteristic peak were obviously different under the conditions of different synthesis temperatures, different Si/Al ratios, and different ethanol dosage. For example, at 806 cm−1 and 1,395 cm−1, they correspond to the absorption peak of Si-OH bending vibration and shear bending vibration and plane bending vibration of C-H without complete reaction respectively. SEM observation shows that the size of the synthesized Silicon aluminum precursors sample is small and the distribution is uniform. The in-depth study on the preparation process and reaction mechanism of mineral polymer precursorswill bring broad prospects for the application and development of mineral polymer precursors themselves.
Monomer Recovery and Nano-Silica Separation From Biodegraded Waste Silicone Rubber Shed of Composite Insulator
Authors: Yang Shifang , Liu Yunpeng , Zhou Dasen 
Published: April 2022

Composite insulators are widely used in the external insulation of transmission lines due to their excellent pollution flashover resistance. However, the large amount of silicone rubber material is difficult to degrade naturally in decommissioned composite insulators resulting in great pressure on the environment. A method for recycling waste silicone rubber by microbial degradation was proposed. The insulator shed materials of composite insulators naturally retired under 10–15 years of operation are collected. Using dominant species to decompose silicone rubber, the decomposed product is obtained, and the chemical reaction process is deduced according to the three-dimensional structural characteristics of monomers. The biodegradation process does not require the participation of a strong acid and alkali, and the recovery method is safe and effective. At the same time, the nano-silicon dioxide is separated from the waste silicone rubber and modified by the surfactant. The particle size of nano-silica is reduced to ∼18 nm with an excellent dispersibility, indicating high economic value. It is demonstrated that microbial decomposition recycles polymeric materials with the ability to turn them into a valuable resource, which is a very-low-carbon green and environment-friendly method of recycling.
Optimization of Refill Friction Stir Spot Welded AA2024-T3 Using Machine Learning
Authors: Effertz P. S. , de Carvalho W. S. , Guimarães R. P. M. , Saria G. , Amancio-Filho S. T. 
Published: April 2022

The Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding is an innovative spot like solid state process befitting of overlap joint configurations of similar and dissimilar materials. This process caught the interest and is rapidly growing in the aerospace sector due to its potential to substitute traditional mechanical fasteners, surpassing their mechanical performance while maintaining the so desired lightweight “rationale.” In the current study, process parameters, namely plunge depth, plunge time and rotational speed, are optimized in order to obtain the highest Ultimate Lap Shear Force (ULSF) of 2024-T3 Aluminum Alloy similar joints. The optimization campaign was carried out using a second order multivariate polynomial regression machine learning (ML) algorithm. The trained ML model was able to generalize and accurately predict the Ultimate Lap Shear Force on the holdout set, having aR2of 88.0%. Moreover, the model suggested an optimum parameter combination (Rotational Speed = 2,310 rpm, Welding Time = 5.3 s and Plunge Depth = 2.6 mm) from which the predicted maximum ULSF was computed. Confirmation tests were carried out to evaluate the agreement between the predicted and the experimental values.
Liver Fibrosis Scores and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Jing , Liu Fuwei , Song Tiangang , Li Zhangwang , Xia Panpan , Tang Xiaoyi , Xu Minxuan , Shen Yunfeng , Ma Jianyong , Liu Xiao , Yu Peng 
Published: April 2022

Background and AimsWe investigated the association between liver fibrosis scores and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.MethodsWe performed a post-hoc analysis among patients with COVID-19 from the trial study Outcomes Related to COVID-19 treated with Hydroxychloroquine among Inpatients with symptomatic Disease (ORCHID) trial. The relationship between aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet ratio index (APRI), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), and discharge and death during the 28-days of hospitalization was investigated.ResultsDuring the 28 days after randomization, 237 (80.6%) patients were discharged while 31 (10.5%) died among the 294 patients with COVID-19. The prevalence for advanced fibrosis was estimated to be 34, 21.8, and 37.8% for FIB-4 (&gt;2.67), APRI (&gt;1), and NFS (&gt;0.676), respectively. In multivariate analysis, FIB-4 &gt;2.67 [28-days discharge: hazard ratio (HR): 0.62; 95% CI: 0.46–0.84; 28-days mortality: HR: 5.13; 95% CI: 2.18–12.07], APRI &gt;1 (28-days discharge: HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.44–0.87; 28-days mortality: HR: 2.85, 95% CI: 1.35–6.03), and NFS &gt;0.676 (28-days discharge: HR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.35–0.69; 28-days mortality: HR: 4.17; 95% CI: 1.62–10.72) was found to significantly reduce the discharge rate and increase the risk of death. Additionally, FIB-4, APRI, and NFS were found to have good predictive ability and calibration performance for 28-day death (C-index: 0.74 for FIB-4, 0.657 for APRI, and 0.745 for NFS) and discharge (C-index: 0.649 for FIB-4, 0.605 for APRI, and 0.685 for NFS).ConclusionIn hospitalized patients with COVID-19, FIB-4, APRI, and NFS may be good predictors for death and discharge within 28 days. The link between liver fibrosis and the natural history of COVID-19 should be further investigated.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cai Wei , Tang Xuemi , Pang Min 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and reduces life expectancy. In order to develop cardiac death prevention strategies, it is necessary to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in these patients.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence of MetS among patients with RA. International databases (i.e., Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were searched during the period of October 1 and October 10, 20121. Heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed through the Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 test. Finally, a random-effects meta-analysis model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of MetS.ResultsSixty-one articles with 96 groups and a sample size of 13,644 people were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of MetS was 32% (95% CI: 29.6–34.4). The highest prevalence of MetS is related to studies conducted in Asia (32.7%, 95% CI: 29–36.3) and Europe (32.7%, 95% CI: 27.5.37.9) and the lowest Prevalence was also related to studies conducted in Africa (28%, 95% CI: 28.8–32.2). The prevalence of MetS in men was 33% (95% CI: 26–39) and 34% (95% CI: 29–40) in women. Findings by diagnostic criteria showed that the highest and lowest prevalence of MetS was related to ATP III (37.5%, 95% CI: 30.9–44.2) and EGIR (14.4%, 95% CI: 10.5–18.5), respectively.ConclusionsMetS is highly prevalent in patients with RA and identification of high-risk patients is necessary to prevent cardiovascular mortality.