bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compensation method for performance degradation of optically addressed spatial light modulator induced by CW laser
Authors: Du Tongyao , Huang Dajie , Cheng He , Fan Wei , Xing Zhibo , Li Xuechun , Zhu Jianqiang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an effective method to compensate for the performance degradation of optically addressed spatial light modulators (OASLMs). The thermal deposition problem usually leads to the on-off ratio reduction of amplitude OASLM, so it is difficult to achieve better results in high-power laser systems. Through the analysis of the laser-induced temperature rise model and the liquid crystal layer voltage model, it is found that reducing the driving voltage of the liquid crystal light valve and increasing the driving current of the optical writing module can compensate for the decrease of on–off ratio caused by temperature rise. This is the result of effectively utilizing the photoconductive effect of Bi12SiO20 (BSO) crystal. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed method and increase the laser withstand power of amplitude-only OASLM by about a factor of 2.5.
Curbside Consults in Clinical Medicine: Empirical and Liability Challenges
Authors: Zacharias Rachel L. , Feldman Eric A. , Joffe Steven , Lynch Holly Fernandez 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn most U.S. jurisdictions, clinicians providing informal “curbside” consults are protected from medical malpractice liability due to the absence of a doctor-patient relationship. A recent Minnesota Supreme Court case, Warren v. Dinter, offers the opportunity to reassess whether the majority rule is truly serving the best interests of patients.
Management research contributions to the COVID-19: a bibliometric literature review and analysis of the contributions from the Journal of Management & Organization
Authors: Ayoko Oluremi B. , Caputo Andrea , Mendy John 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID-19 health crisis triggered changes in the workplace. This paper explores the insights from scholarly work published in the Journal of Management and Organization (JMO) and systematizes this body of knowledge to build a scientific overview that looks at how the COVID-19 health crisis and its repercussions may be managed by organizations. We conducted a bibliometric investigation of JMO's most influential papers published from 1995 to June 2020 that offers insights into the management of the COVID-19 crisis. Our bibliometric investigation reveals six clusters: (1) conservation of resources theory, entrepreneurs, gender and work–family conflict; (2) corporate governance, corporate social responsibility and stakeholder salience; (3) family firms, innovation and research methods; (4) creativity, leadership and organizational change; (5) job satisfaction and psychological empowerment; and (6) team performance. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Petrogenesis, W metallogenic and tectonic implications of granitic intrusions in the southern Great Xing’an Range W belt, NE China: insights from the Narenwula Complex
Authors: Xie Wei , Zeng Qing-Dong , Yang Jin-Hui , Li Rui , Zhang Zhuang , Wang Rui-Liang , Wu Jin-Jian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractExtensive magmatism in NE China, eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, has produced multi-stage granitic plutons and accompanying W mineralization. The Narenwula complex in the southwestern Great Xing’an Range provides important insights into the petrogenesis, geodynamic processes and relationship with W mineralization. The complex comprises granodiorites, monzogranites and granite porphyry. Mafic microgranular enclaves are common in the granodiorites, and have similar zircon U–Pb ages as their host rocks (258.5–253.9 Ma), whereas the W-bearing granitoids yield emplacement ages of 149.8–148.1 Ma. Permian granodiorites are I-type granites that are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements, and depleted in high field strength elements and heavy rare earth elements. Both the mafic microgranular enclaves and granodiorites have nearly identical zircon Hf isotopic compositions. The results suggest that the mafic microgranular enclaves and granodiorites formed by the mixing of mafic and felsic magmas. W-bearing granitoids are highly fractionated A-type granites, enriched in Rb, Th, U and Pb, and depleted in Ba, Sr, P, Ti and Eu. They have higher W concentrations and Rb/Sr ratios, and lower Nb/Ta, Zr/Hf and K/Rb ratios than the W-barren granodiorites. These data and negative ϵHf(t) values (–6.0 to –2.1) suggest that they were derived from the partial melting of ancient lower crust and subsequently underwent extreme fractional crystallization. Based on the regional geology, we propose that the granodiorites were generated in a volcanic arc setting related to the subduction of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean, whereas the W-bearing granitoids and associated deposits formed in a post-orogenic extensional setting controlled by the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean and Palaeo-Pacific Ocean tectonic regimes.
Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding cochlear implants among medical doctors other than otolaryngologists: a prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Reddy Y Mounika , Anjali L , Augustine A , Mary J , Ajay P 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveCochlear implant is the standard treatment of choice for children and adults with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding cochlear implant among doctors other than otolaryngologists in a tertiary care academic institution.MethodA 24-item knowledge, attitude and practices questionnaire was developed based on an extensive literature review and expert opinion and was administered to 100 non-otolaryngologists in a tertiary care academic institution to be completed in about 15 minutes. The data obtained was analysed to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding cochlear implant in this group.ResultsThe results showed that awareness regarding the option of cochlear implants for elderly and unilateral deafness was deficient. Surgeons and doctors in higher specialties did better when it came to practice related to cochlear implant. The age and experience of doctors also improved knowledge and practice with regards to cochlear implant.ConclusionImproving awareness about cochlear implants and their benefits among non-otolaryngology colleagues can ensure that more people who could potentially benefit from cochlear implants will receive appropriate counselling and referral.
A report on quality-of-life outcomes following transmastoid plugging of superior semicircular canal dehiscence in a newly established service in a UK hospital
Authors: Hussain M H , Irving R , Baruah P 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the quality-of-life outcomes following transmastoid plugging of semicircular canal dehiscence in a newly established service in a UK hospital.MethodQuality-of-life outcomes were measured using the Glasgow benefit Inventory score in three patients who underwent transmastoid plugging for superior semicircular canal dehiscence between September 2019 and March 2020. Patients also completed pre- and post-operative symptomatic questionnaires and vestibular-evoked myogenic potential testing.ResultsAll three patients reported an improvement in overall quality-of-life outcomes with a mean overall Glasgow Benefit Inventory score of +37 (range, +22.2–66.6). There were no immediate post-operative complications and hearing was preserved in all patients.ConclusionThis study reported an initial successful experience with transmastoid plugging of superior semicircular canal dehiscence. In all patients, improvement in quality-of-life measures and symptoms was reported.
Twenty-seven years of primary salivary gland carcinoma in Wales: an analysis of histological subtype and associated risk factors
Authors: Leopard D , El-Hitti E , Puttasiddaiah P , Mcleod R , Owens D 
Published: January 2022

AbstractObjectiveRisk factors for salivary gland carcinoma are poorly understood. Although links between background radiation, smoking and obesity have been previously suggested, no studies have so far established any significant results. This study aimed to establish correlations between common environmental and lifestyle risk factors and different subtypes of salivary gland carcinoma.MethodA study of population data in Wales spanning 27 years was conducted; 2 national databases were used to identify 356 cases of primary salivary gland carcinoma over this period. Histological subtype of cancer and geographical location of each case was recorded. Public health data was used to establish radon levels, smoking, obesity and activity levels of populations in each geographical location. A population matched multivariate analysis of variance analysis was performed using histological subtype and risk factor data for each geographical location.ResultsA significantly higher incidence of mucoepidermoid cancer in populations with higher background radon levels (p =0.006), epithelial-myoepithelial cancer in populations with higher smoking levels (p =0.029) and adenoid cystic cancer in populations with higher obesity levels (p =0.028) was found.ConclusionTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to establish significant links between background radiation, smoking and obesity with different subtypes of salivary gland carcinoma.
Forging Mixtec Identity in the Mexican Metropolis: Race, Indigenismo and Mixtec Migrant Associations in Mexico City, 1940−70
Authors: Yee David 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article presents a social history of the Coalición de los Pueblos Mixtecos Oaxaqueños (Coalition of Mixtec Oaxacan Communities, CPMO), a grouping of mutual-aid associations formed by Indigenous migrants in Mexico City during the middle of the twentieth century. It draws on the coalition's archives to demonstrate how years of migration to Mexico City eroded traditional inter-village conflicts and created the conditions for a broader ethnic identity among Mixtec migrants in the capital. In addition, the coalition's collaboration with the federal government's Instituto Nacional Indigenista (National Indigenous Institute, INI) challenges common depictions of Indigeneity and modernisation as being inherently antagonistic with one another. The coalition's collaboration with the INI led its members to more consciously and visibly identify with their Indigenous roots; they had to become more Indigenous in order to become more modern.
Attentional bias toward health-threat in health anxiety: a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Congrong , Taylor Steven , Witthöft Michael , Du Xiayu , Zhang Tao , Lu Shan , Ren Zhihong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAttentional bias toward health-threat may theoretically contribute to the development and maintenance of health anxiety, but the empirical findings have been controversial. This study aimed to synthesize and explore the heterogeneity in a health-threat related attentional bias of health-anxious individuals, and to determine the theoretical model that better represents the pattern of attentional bias in health anxiety. Four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were searched for relevant studies, with 17 articles (N = 1546) included for a qualitative review and 16 articles (18 studies) for a three-level meta-analysis (N = 1490). The meta-analytic results indicated that the health anxiety group, compared to the control group, showed significantly greater attentional bias toward health-threat (g = 0.256). Further analyses revealed that attentional bias type, paradigm, and stimuli type were significant moderators. Additionally, compared to the controls, health-anxious individuals displayed significantly greater attention maintenance (g = 0.327) but nonsignificant attention vigilance to health-threat (g = −0.116). Our results provide evidence for the attention maintenance model in health-anxious individuals. The implications for further research and treatment of elevated health anxiety in the context of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) were also discussed.
Climatology of the Soil Surface Diurnal Temperature Range in a Warming World: Annual Cycles, Regional Patterns, and Trends in China
Authors: Liu Binhui , Zhou Wanying , Henderson Mark , Sun Yingjie , Shen Xiangjin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe soil surface diurnal temperature range (SSDTR), reflecting the synchronicity of changes in the daily extremes of soil surface temperatures, provides an important and sensitive indicator of climate change. The climatology of SSDTR and its trends have a strong connection with the land surface energy budget, but this has received little notice up to now. Our research examines the spatial‐temporal characteristics of the annual cycle of SSDTR and its connection with other climate variables in China. The results demonstrate that the annual SSDTR curve changes gradually across space, with both regional and zonal characteristics. The shape of the annual SSDTR curve varies among regions. While it shows consistently strong positive associations with solar irradiance across China, a strong negative association with relative humidity is evident only in the dry western regions and the connection with relative humidity progressively decouples as we move toward the moist eastern regions. Atmospheric circulation affects SSDTR indirectly through derived changes in the seasonal cycles of moisture and solar irradiance. This produces a zonal character of the SSDTR annual curve in the east, while in the west the positive land‐atmosphere feedback under low moisture conditions is associated with a regional character. The magnitude of the annual cycle of SSDTR is large compared with temporal change, contributing to the generally stable nature of the cycle under global warming conditions.
Plutonium Isotopes: An Effective Tool for Fluvial Sediment Sourcing in Urbanized Catchments
Authors: Percich Abigal , Husic Admin , Ketterer Michael E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSediment management is currently limited by uncertainties in the applicability of existing radionuclide tracers and the effects of urbanization. Here, we use plutonium isotopes (239+240Pu) from weapons‐testing fallout to trace sediment transport across five watersheds in an urbanizing landscape in Kansas, USA. Historic flooding in the region provided an opportunity to assess extreme connectivity of sediment sources. 239+240Pu activity of transported sediment decreased as catchments urbanized, indicating a greater contribution from subsurface bank sediment; Bayesian modeling predicted 50% (8%–80%) bank sourcing in the most rural watershed, which rose to 93% (73%–100%) in the most urban catchment. 239+240Pu activity provides explanatory information on the superposition of sediment sources, which is beyond that given by traditional organic and geochemical tracers that primarily infer vegetative and geologic sourcing, respectively. Our study demonstrates the utility of 239+240Pu as a sediment tracer for managing erosion under anthropogenic change.
Using End‐Member Models to Estimate Seasonal Carbonate Chemistry and Acidification Sensitivity in Temperate Estuaries
Authors: Simpson Eleanor , Ianson Debby , Kohfeld Karen E. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe measured the carbonate system (between 2015 and 2018) in an isolated and a well‐connected temperate estuary, both known for shellfish growth. We evaluated end‐member model estimates of inorganic carbon, alkalinity, pH, mineral saturation states (Ωa), and pH sensitivity (βDIC). We find winter conditions are estimated within observational uncertainty. Spring‐summer primary productivity elevates observed pH and Ωa above theoretical lines, beyond uncertainty. Both estuaries are sensitive in winter and likely to experience rapid pH changes with increased inorganic carbon inputs. Summer pH sensitivity is reduced by productivity and is least sensitive in the midsalinity region. We estimate carbon increased by up to 49 μmol kg−1, since the pre‐industrial period resulting in significant decreases in pH (0.2) and Ωa (0.5). The largest pH decrease occurred outside the minimum buffer zone, at higher salinities where carbon increase was greatest. The largest pH decrease occurred in winter, but the largest Ωa decrease occured in summer.
Assessing Volcanic Controls on Miocene Climate Change
Authors: Longman Jack , Mills Benjamin J. W. , Donnadieu Yannick , Goddéris Yves 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Miocene period saw substantially warmer Earth surface temperatures than today, particularly during a period of global warming called the Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO; ∼17–15 Ma). However, the long‐term drivers of Miocene climate remain poorly understood. By using a new continuous climate‐biogeochemical model (SCION), we can investigate the interaction between volcanism, climate and biogeochemical cycles through the Miocene. We identify high tectonic CO2 degassing rates and further emissions associated with the emplacement of the Columbia River Basalt Group as the primary driver of the background warmth and the MMCO respectively. We also find that enhanced weathering of the basaltic terrane and input of explosive volcanic ash to the oceans are not sufficient to drive the immediate cooling following the MMCO and suggest that another mechanism, perhaps the change in ocean chemistry due to massive evaporite deposition, was responsible.
On the All‐India Rainfall Index and Sub‐India Rainfall Heterogeneity
Authors: Hill Spencer A. , Sobel Adam H. , Biasutti Michela , Cane Mark A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe revisit longstanding controversies regarding summer‐mean relationships among the all‐India rainfall index (AIRI), sub‐India rainfall, El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) using 120‐year sea surface temperature and high‐resolution rainfall datasets. AIRI closely tracks with the spatial extent of wet anomalies and with the average across grid points in rainy day count. The leading rainfall variability mode is a monopole associated primarily with rainy day count and ENSO. The second mode is a tripole with same‐signed loadings in the high‐rainfall Western Ghats and Central Monsoon Zone regions and opposite‐signed loadings in Southeastern India between. The IOD projects onto this tripole and, as such, is weakly correlated with AIRI. However, when the linear influence of ENSO is removed, the IOD rainfall regressions become quasi‐homogeneously more positive, making the ENSO‐residual IOD and AIRI time series significantly correlated.
A Comparative Study of Magnetic Flux Ropes in the Nightside Induced Magnetosphere of Mars and Venus
Authors: Hara Takuya , Huang Zesen , Mitchell David L. , DiBraccio Gina A. , Brain David A. , Harada Yuki , Luhmann Janet G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe analyzed Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) and Venus Express (VEX) data of magnetic flux ropes observed in both Mars and Venus nightside induced magnetosphere, in order to understand their statistical characteristics and possible formation processes. We statistically identified 382 (286) events at Mars (Venus) via the minimum variance analysis and investigated the flux rope properties including their geometrical configurations of axial core field direction and spatial distributions. Interestingly, there is no significant difference with respect to the variety of the flux rope axial orientation between Mars and Venus, indicating that about at least one fourth of events do not necessitate magnetotail reconnection for their formations. However, the spatial distribution shows that flux ropes at Venus tend to be observed near the central plasma sheet, whereas those at Mars are more spread out. Moreover, the events tend to be observed more frequently in the −E hemisphere, where the solar wind electric field (ESW) is pointing toward the planet, rather than in +E hemisphere, where the ESW direction is away from the planet. The geographical distribution shows that flux ropes at Mars tend to be observed more frequently in the southern hemisphere where the strong crustal magnetic fields are primarily distributed. Therefore, such a tendency indicates that the Martian crustal magnetic fields could play significant roles on generating flux ropes in the nightside magnetosphere of Mars.
Quantitative Attribution of Vertical Motion Responsible for Summer Heavy Rainfall Over North China
Authors: Zhao Yang , Deng Lin , Li Ziwei , Wang Yinjun 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study explores synoptic‐scale circulation conditions that favor vertical motion on heavy rainfall days (HRDs) over North China (NC) and analyzes the quantitative contribution to vertical motion by different forcings using the quasi‐geostrophic (QG) omega equation. On HRDs, moisture is brought from the South China Sea and East China seas by surface cyclonic vortex activity. When South Asian High is located anomalously northward, NC is on the south side of the upper‐level jet (ULJ) stream entrance region. Diagnosis of the QG omega equation shows that vertical motion on HRDs is caused by dynamic forcing, diabatic forcing, and topographic forcing. The greatest contribution to vertical motion is from diabatic forcing, while topographic contributes to vertical motion at low levels. The dynamic forcing, which is manifested by the Q‐vector, indicates that both the ULJ and baroclinic trough generate the vertical motion. Furthermore, the effect of the baroclinic trough is larger than that of the ULJ. On medium rainfall days, the contributions from dynamic forcing, diabatic forcing, and topographic forcing are clearly weaker than on HRDs, with reductions of 62.3%, 71.3%, and 73.8%, respectively.
Drought Cycle Analysis to Evaluate the Influence of a Dense Network of Small Reservoirs on Drought Evolution
Authors: Ribeiro Neto G. G. , Melsen L. A. , Martins E. S. P. R. , Walker D. W. , van Oel P. R. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractDrought‐affected regions often contain high densities of small reservoirs, usually informally built, as drought‐coping mechanism. These structures influence socio‐hydrological dynamics and have the potential to alter hydrological processes relevant to drought emergence and development. This study aimed to analyze the influence of a high concentration of small reservoirs on the intensification and evolution of drought events. We present an innovative method, which we call “Drought Cycle Analysis”, that tracks the concomitance of precipitation and water storage deficit and associates this with four drought stages: Wet Period, Meteorological drought, Hydro‐meteorological drought and Hydrological drought period. The methodology was tested for the Riacho do Sangue River watershed located in the semi‐arid region of northeast Brazil. We used a combination of satellite imagery (Landsat 5, 7 and 8) and an empirical equation to estimate the volume stored in the dense network of small reservoirs. Using the Drought Cycle Analysis, we show that the unmonitored small reservoirs induced and modified drought events, extending the duration of hydrological drought on average by 30%. Furthermore, this extension can double for specific drought events. The Drought Cycle Analysis method proved useful for monitoring and comparing the evolution of different drought events, in addition to being applicable as an auxiliary tool in the improvement of water resources management of large reservoirs. This study demonstrates the importance of considering small reservoirs in water resource management strategy development for drought‐prone regions.