bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Ozone Forcing on 21st Century Southern Hemisphere Surface Westerlies in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Revell L. E. , Robertson F. , Douglas H. , Morgenstern O. , Frame D. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe tropospheric westerly jet is a key feature of Southern Hemisphere climate. In recent decades the jet strengthened in austral summer (December–February [DJF]) and moved poleward owing to the Antarctic ozone hole. Future jet trends will be influenced by recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole and greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing. Here, we examine 21st century projections of ozone, temperature and winds in the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models with (CHEM) and without (NOCHEM) interactive chemistry. NOCHEM models use an ozone data set that was produced with GHG forcings inconsistent with those used by CHEM models, leading to less ozone recovery in the Antarctic springtime lower stratosphere. This propagates to different stratospheric temperature projections and DJF westerly winds: NOCHEM models project a 78 ± 52% stronger increase in DJF westerly wind speeds than CHEM models under the high GHG emissions scenario SSP585. Our results show the importance of simulating stratospheric ozone accurately for Southern Hemisphere climate change projections.
RAD51 is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice
Authors: Qin Junchao , Huang Tao , Wang Jing , Xu Limei , Dang Qianli , Xu Xiuhua , Liu Hongbin , Liu Zhaojian , Shao Changshun , Zhang Xiyu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe recombinase RAD51 catalyzes the DNA strand exchange reaction in homologous recombination (HR) during both mitosis and meiosis. However, the physiological role of RAD51 during spermatogenesis remains unclear since RAD51 null mutation is embryonic lethal in mice. In this study, we generated a conditional knockout mouse model to study the role of RAD51 in spermatogenesis. Conditional disruption of RAD51 in germ cells by Vasa-Cre led to spermatogonial loss and Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Furthermore, tamoxifen-inducible RAD51 knockout by UBC-CreERT2 confirmed that RAD51 deletion led to early spermatogenic cells loss and apoptosis. Notably, inducible knockout of RAD51 in adult mice caused defects in meiosis, with accumulated meiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs), reduced numbers of pachytene spermatocytes and less crossover formation. Our study revealed an essential role for Rad51 in the maintenance of spermatogonia as well as meiotic progression in mice.
Facing the pandemic and lockdown: an insight on mental health from a longitudinal study using diaries
Authors: Mengin Amaury C. , Allé Melissa C. , Koning Estelle , Pham Bichthuy , Park Sohee , Berna Fabrice , Giersch Anne 
Published: March 2022

AbstractWe conducted a longitudinal online study to examine attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) over time in a sample of locked-down individuals. We used (i) questionnaires and (ii) the automatic analysis of the emotional content of narratives. Participants (N = 162) were recruited to complete an online survey 4 times between March and June 2020 (T1, T2, T3, T4). T1 completion coincided with the beginning of the lockdown, and T4 with the pandemic trough. Depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed with the DASS-42 and APS with the PQ-16. Psychosocial data such as the feeling of loneliness and social network size were also collected. The participants wrote daily narratives during the lockdown period. Anxiety and APS were the highest at T1 and decreased over time. APS and APS-associated distress were correlated with the DASS-42 at all times. APS arose acutely at the beginning of the pandemic, despite participants being socio-economically advantaged, and were related with negative emotions.
Pseudouridine-modified tRNA fragments repress aberrant protein synthesis and predict leukaemic progression in myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Guzzi Nicola , Muthukumar Sowndarya , Cieśla Maciej , Todisco Gabriele , Ngoc Phuong Cao Thi , Madej Magdalena , Munita Roberto , Fazio Serena , Ekström Simon , Mortera-Blanco Teresa , Jansson Monika , Nannya Yasuhito , Cazzola Mario , Ogawa Seishi , Malcovati Luca , Hellström-Lindberg Eva , Dimitriou Marios , Bellodi Cristian 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTransfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are emerging small noncoding RNAs that, although commonly altered in cancer, have poorly defined roles in tumorigenesis1. Here we show that pseudouridylation (Ψ) of a stem cell-enriched tRF subtype2, mini tRFs containing a 5′ terminal oligoguanine (mTOG), selectively inhibits aberrant protein synthesis programmes, thereby promoting engraftment and differentiation of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Building on evidence that mTOG-Ψ targets polyadenylate-binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1), we employed isotope exchange proteomics to reveal critical interactions between mTOG and functional RNA-recognition motif (RRM) domains of PABPC1. Mechanistically, this hinders the recruitment of translational co-activator PABPC1-interacting protein 1 (PAIP1)3 and strongly represses the translation of transcripts sharing pyrimidine-enriched sequences (PES) at the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), including 5′ terminal oligopyrimidine tracts (TOP) that encode protein machinery components and are frequently altered in cancer4. Significantly, mTOG dysregulation leads to aberrantly increased translation of 5′ PES messenger RNA (mRNA) in malignant MDS-HSPCs and is clinically associated with leukaemic transformation and reduced patient survival. These findings define a critical role for tRFs and Ψ in difficult-to-treat subsets of MDS characterized by high risk of progression to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).
Tumour irradiation in mice with a laser-accelerated proton beam
Authors: Kroll Florian , Brack Florian-Emanuel , Bernert Constantin , Bock Stefan , Bodenstein Elisabeth , Brüchner Kerstin , Cowan Thomas E. , Gaus Lennart , Gebhardt René , Helbig Uwe , Karsch Leonhard , Kluge Thomas , Kraft Stephan , Krause Mechthild , Lessmann Elisabeth , Masood Umar , Meister Sebastian , Metzkes-Ng Josefine , Nossula Alexej , Pawelke Jörg , Pietzsch Jens , Püschel Thomas , Reimold Marvin , Rehwald Martin , Richter Christian , Schlenvoigt Hans-Peter , Schramm Ulrich , Umlandt Marvin E. P. , Ziegler Tim , Zeil Karl , Beyreuther Elke 
Published: March 2022

AbstractRecent oncological studies identified beneficial properties of radiation applied at ultrahigh dose rates, several orders of magnitude higher than the clinical standard of the order of Gy min–1. Sources capable of providing these ultrahigh dose rates are under investigation. Here we show that a stable, compact laser-driven proton source with energies greater than 60 MeV enables radiobiological in vivo studies. We performed a pilot irradiation study on human tumours in a mouse model, showing the concerted preparation of mice and laser accelerator, dose-controlled, tumour-conform irradiation using a laser-driven as well as a clinical reference proton source, and the radiobiological evaluation of irradiated and unirradiated mice for radiation-induced tumour growth delay. The prescribed homogeneous dose of 4 Gy was precisely delivered at the laser-driven source. The results demonstrate a complete laser-driven proton research platform for diverse user-specific small animal models, able to deliver tunable single-shot doses up to around 20 Gy to millimetre-scale volumes on nanosecond timescales, equivalent to around 109 Gy s–1, spatially homogenized and tailored to the sample. The platform provides a unique infrastructure for translational research with protons at ultrahigh dose rates.
Mitogenome of a stink worm (Annelida: Travisiidae) includes degenerate group II intron that is also found in five congeneric species
Authors: Kobayashi Genki , Itoh Hajime , Kojima Shigeaki 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMitogenomes are useful for inferring phylogenetic relationships between organisms. Although the mitogenomes of Annelida, one of the most morphologically and ecologically diverse metazoan groups have been well sequenced, those of several families remain unexamined. This study determined the first mitogenome from the family Travisiidae (Travisia sanrikuensis), analyzed its mitogenomic features, and reconstructed a phylogeny of Sedentaria. The monophyly of the Terebellida + Arenicolida + Travisiidae clade is supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis. The placement of Travisiidae is unclear because of the lack of mitogenomes from closely related lineages. An unexpected intron appeared within thecox1gene ofT. sanrikuensisand in the same positions of five undescribedTravisiaspp. Although the introns are shorter (790–1386 bp) than other group II introns, they can be considered degenerate group II introns due to type II intron maturase open reading frames, found in two of the examined species, and motifs characteristic of group II introns. This is likely the first known case in metazoans where mitochondrial group II introns obtained by a common ancestor are conserved in several descendants. Insufficient evolutionary time for intron loss in Travisiidae, or undetermined mechanisms may have helped maintain the degenerate introns.
A modeling approach for estimating hydrogen sulfide solubility in fifteen different imidazole-based ionic liquids
Authors: Abdi Jafar , Hadipoor Masoud , Esmaeili-Faraj Seyyed Hamid , Vaferi Behzad 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAbsorption has always been an attractive process for removing hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Posing unique properties and promising removal capacity, ionic liquids (ILs) are potential media for H2S capture. Engineering design of such absorption process needs accurate measurements or reliable estimation of the H2S solubility in ILs. Since experimental measurements are time-consuming and expensive, this study utilizes machine learning methods to monitor H2S solubility in fifteen various ILs accurately. Six robust machine learning methods, including adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), radial basis function, cascade, multilayer perceptron, and generalized regression neural networks, are implemented/compared. A vast experimental databank comprising 792 datasets was utilized. Temperature, pressure, acentric factor, critical pressure, and critical temperature of investigated ILs are the affecting parameters of our models. Sensitivity and statistical error analysis were utilized to assess the performance and accuracy of the proposed models. The calculated solubility data and the derived models were validated using seven statistical criteria. The obtained results showed that the LS-SVM accurately predicts H2S solubility in ILs and possesses R2, RMSE, MSE, RRSE, RAE, MAE, and AARD of 0.99798, 0.01079, 0.00012, 6.35%, 4.35%, 0.0060, and 4.03, respectively. It was found that the H2S solubility adversely relates to the temperature and directly depends on the pressure. Furthermore, the combination of OMIM+ and Tf2N-, i.e., [OMIM][Tf2N] ionic liquid, is the best choice for H2S capture among the investigated absorbents. The H2S solubility in this ionic liquid can reach more than 0.8 in terms of mole fraction.
Freeze–thaw cycle frequency affects root growth of alpine meadow through changing soil moisture and nutrients
Authors: Man Zihao , Xie Changkun , Jiang Ruiyuan , Che Shengquan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlpine meadows grow in alpine regions and play an important role in the production and life of alpine regions. As a unique feature of alpine regions, freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) affect the growth of alpine meadows. However, with climate change, the change in the freeze–thaw cycle frequency (FTCF) has become obvious. These changes affect the content and distribution of soil moisture and nutrients, as well as the growth of roots in the alpine meadow. Therefore, based on the analysis of FTCF in the Nagqu River Basin, the characteristics of soil moisture, nutrients, and alpine meadow roots are analyzed, thus revealing the influence mechanism of FTCF on the root growth of alpine meadows. The results highlight three major findings. (1) Compared with the low-frequency mode (LFM), the moisture at 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm in the high-frequency mode (HFM) has decreased by 30.74%, 52.89%, and 47.52%, respectively. Additionally, in HFM the contents of soil hydrolysable nitrogen (HN), available K (AK), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) at the same depth are lower than those in LFM. (2) The original distribution of soil moisture at 0–60 cm has gradually increased from the surface to the bottom. However, with the increase in FTCF, the distribution of the soil moisture now means that the soil moisture at the surface (0–20 cm) and the deeper layers (40–60 cm) is higher than that in the middle (20–40 cm). (3) With the increase in FTCF, the growth mode of alpine meadow roots has changed from vertical extension to horizontal divergence; the distribution range of roots has changed from 0–40 cm to 0–20 cm; the length, surface area, and volume of 0–0.5 mm roots have increased by 20.95 cm, 1.90 cm2, and 0.014 cm3; and the corresponding specific gravity has increased by 9.09%, 13.50%, and 12.14%, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for predicting the growth mode of alpine meadow roots in the Nagqu River Basin under the influence of climate change and provides guidance for protecting the ecology of alpine regions and mitigating and solving global climate change.
Understanding, Recognizing, and Managing Functional Speech Disorders: Current Thinking Illustrated With a Case Series
Authors: Utianski Rene L. , Duffy Joseph R. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose:
Functional speech disorders (FSDs), a subtype of functional neurological disorders, are distinguishable from neurogenic motor speech disorders based on their clinical features, clinical course, and response to treatment. However, their differential diagnosis and management can be challenging. FSDs are not well understood, but growing evidence suggests a biopsychosocial basis distinct from structural lesions that cause neurogenic motor speech disorders.

Method and Results:
Following an overview of FSDs, four patients are described to illustrate the range of clinical manifestations, biopsychosocial contexts, and responses to treatment of FSDs. The path to differential diagnosis is discussed, with particular attention to positive features that led to the FSD diagnosis. Approaches to education, counseling, and management are discussed.

Conclusions:
This case series demonstrates that FSDs can present with a variety of manifestations including dysfluencies, articulation errors, dysphonia, rate and prosodic abnormalities, and combinations of disruptions in speech subsystems. FSDs may present in the context of known recent or remote physical or psychosocial trauma or, as in many cases, in the absence of an identifiable triggering event. FSDs are recognizable by positive clinical features and should not be considered a diagnosis of exclusion. With appropriate identification, counseling, and treatment, FSDs may resolve, sometimes rapidly; in some cases, treatment may be prolonged or ineffective.
Dependability‐aware routing and scheduling for Time‐Sensitive Networking
Authors: Reusch Niklas , Craciunas Silviu S. , Pop Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTime‐Sensitive Networking (TSN) extends IEEE 802.1 Ethernet for safety‐critical and real‐time applications in several areas, for example, automotive, aerospace or industrial automation. However, many of these systems also have stringent security requirements, and security attacks may impair safety. Given a TSN‐based distributed architecture, a set of applications with tasks and messages as well as a set of security and redundancy requirements, the authors are interested to synthesise a system configuration such that the real‐time, safety and security requirements are upheld. The Timed Efficient Stream Loss‐Tolerant Authentication (TESLA) low‐resource multicast authentication protocol is used to guarantee the security requirements and redundant disjunct message routes to tolerate link failures. The authors consider that tasks are dispatched using a static cyclic schedule table and that the messages use the time‐sensitive traffic class in TSN, which relies on schedule tables (called Gate Control Lists, GCLs) in the network switches. A configuration consists of the schedule tables for tasks as well as the disjoint routes and GCLs for messages. A Constraint Programing‐based formulation, which can be used to find an optimal solution with respect to the cost function, is proposed. Additionally, a Simulated Annealing‐based metaheuristic, which can find good solution for large test cases, is proposed. The authors evaluate both approaches on several test cases.
Lyapunov‐based iterative learning feedback control design for parabolic MIMO PDEs with time‐varying delays
Authors: Liu Yaqiang , Wu Zongze , Lai Jialun , Li Jianzhong , Xie Shengli 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper presents an iterative learning control approach to achieve precise tracking control for a class of repeatable parabolic multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) partial differential equations (PDEs) with time‐varying delays over a finite time interval. Feedback control is utilised in the iterative learning control system to improve the convergence speed of the repeatable system. A Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is constructed to deal with the time‐varying delay problem caused by the model uncertainty of MIMO PDEs. Collocated piecewise control and piecewise measurement is considered based on the distributions of actuators and sensors to generate multiple inputs and multiple outputs. By using the mean value theorem for integrals, variants of the Poincaré–Wirtinger inequality in the 1D space, Cauchy–Schwartz inequality and Gronwall–Bellman lemma, sufficient conditions that guarantee the convergence of the iterative learning feedback control system are presented. Numerical simulation experiments and comparisons verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.
Design and analysis of energy‐efficient approximate Booth‐folding squarers with precision recovery
Authors: Xu Chenyu , Cui Ziying , Chen Ke , Liu Weiqiang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSquarers are widely used in communication and DSP applications. In this letter, two approximate squarers (ABFS1 and ABFS2) are proposed. Specifically, a novel approximate Booth‐folding encoding is designed to generate approximate partial product arrays. Several approximate compressors with precision recovery circuits are proposed. In the ABFS1, a novel approximate 4‐2 compressor with an accurate compensation circuit is utilized. Moreover, the proposed approximate 4‐2 compressor with constant compensation is used in the ABFS2 to improve the performance of squarer. In addition, this letter presents the logic synthesizing result of the two approximate squarers with the 45 nm technology. The comparison with state‐of‐the‐art approximate squarers demonstrates the proposed designs reduce the 58.1% PDP while maintaining a similar or even better accuracy. Finally, the proposed approximate squarers are verified by the K‐means clustering application.
Petri‐net‐based deadlock detection and recovery for control of interacting equipment in automated container terminals
Authors: Wu Weimin , Xing Zichao , Yue Hao , Su Hongye , Pang Shanchen 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn automated container terminals (ACTs), quay cranes (QCs), automated guided vehicles (AGVs), and automated yard cranes (AYCs) interact intensively to handle containers at seaside and yard side. This work investigates interacting equipment in ACTs that employ AGVs with the capability of lifting a container temporarily buffered at the transfer area in front of a storage block. By establishing and using the Petri net model of equipment interaction system (EIS) for container transportation, deadlock control problem is studied for handling operations in ACTs, where all QCs, AYCs, and transport vehicles are considered as system resources. Deadlock is characterized as maximal special circuits (MSCs) that are saturated at a system state. After a deadlock detection method through MSC enumeration in the system Petri net model is developed, a procedure is proposed to resolve deadlock situations where an AYC is involved in the corresponding circular waiting relations. By modifying the operation sequence of AYCs, the procedure can resolve the conflicts among concurrent processes so as to eliminate deadlocks. Examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the deadlock handling method, which is also tested in a simulation study. Results show that the EIS can recover from detected deadlocks involving AYCs to ensure smooth transport operations of container jobs.
Effects of the steepness on the evolution of turbine wakes above continuous hilly terrain
Authors: Yang Haoze , Lang Baizhuo , Du Bowen , Jin Zhihui , Li Baoliang , Ge Mingwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractHilly terrain can significantly change the flow characteristics of the atmospheric boundary layer. However, the effects of hilly terrain with different steepness on turbine wakes remain understudied. To this end, a wind turbine is placed on the hilltop of a hilly terrain with different steepness, and the spread of the turbine wake is investigated via large‐eddy simulation. Results show that, above gentle hills, the turbine wake deflects upward above the crest and downward above the valley, while for steep hills, the wake deflects in a different way. Through the analysis of the transport of mean kinetic energy, it can be found that the pressure term works with different mechanisms for hills with different steepnesses. The alternate variation of the pressure term along the crest and valley results in a periodic variation of the wake recovery, while the asymmetry of the pressure contribution above the hill topography determines the overall recovery rate of the wake. For gentle hills, the overall wake recovery rate is close to that on flat terrain due to the symmetrical distribution of the pressure term above the crest and valley, while for steep hills, the asymmetrical pressure term leads to a significant acceleration of the wake recovery.
NuSTARspectral analysis of three Seyfert galaxies: NGC 3227, NGC 5548, and MR 2251−178
Authors: Pal I. , Stalin C. S. , Mallick L. , Rani P. 
Published: March 2022

Context.The observed nuclear X-ray emission in the radio-quiet category of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is believed to be from a compact region, the corona, which is situated in the vicinity of central supermassive black holes. The shape of the X-ray continuum depends on, among other factors, the temperature of the corona (kTe). The launch of the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) has led to the determination of the high energy cutoff (Ecut), and therebykTe, in many AGN. In a handful of sources, multiple observations withNuSTARhave also revealed changes inEcut.Aims.In this work we aimed to investigate the variation inkTein three AGN, namely NGC 3227, NGC 5548, and MR 2251−178, using more than one epoch of data on a source fromNuSTAR.Methods.We carried out a spectral analysis of multiple epochs of data acquired usingNuSTARon the three sources, including a few new observations that had not yet been published. By fitting a Comptonization model to the data, we determined the temperature of the corona and investigated changes inkTe, if there were any, in these sources.Results.In NGC 3227, we found evidence for variation inkTe. We found no correlation ofkTe, photon index (Γ), reflection fraction (R), or optical depth (τ) with flux, whileτis found to anti-correlate withkTe. This could be due to more than one physical process at work in the source causing the change inkTe. Conclusive evidence for the variation inkTeis not found in MR 2251−178 or NGC 5548.