bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Oncology Authorship and Readership Patterns
Authors: Bourlon Maria T. , Jiménez Franco Brenda , Castro-Alonso Francisco J. , Bourlon Christianne , Matar Charbel F. , Gunn Emilie , Ginsburg Ophira , Lopes Gilberto , Segelov Eva 
Published: March 2022

PURPOSE Global Oncology is the movement to improve equitable access to cancer control and care, recognizing challenges because of economic and social factors between high-, middle-, and low-income countries (HIC, MIC, and LIC, respectively). The JCO Global Oncology ( JCO GO) is a major platform dedicated to publishing peer-reviewed research relevant to populations with limited resources. To assess the success of its goals of encouraging global interaction and increasing MIC and LIC engagement, we analyzed authorship and readership patterns. METHODS Metadata of logged views between January 1, 2018, and June 30, 2019, of articles published in 2018 by JCO GO were identified using Google Analytics. The country of origin of each author and those who accessed the journal were categorized according to the 2019 income group World Bank Classification (WBC). RESULTS One hundred thirty-two articles were published in JCO GO in 2018. Corresponding authors came from 34 nations: 35% HIC, 47% MIC, and 18% LIC. The top publishing countries were the United States, India, Brazil, Mexico, and Nigeria. Article authors were solely from within one WBC group in 41% (23% HIC, 16% MIC, and 2% LIC). In those with mixed-WBC authorship origins, collaborations were 42% HIC + MIC, 11% HIC + LIC, and 6% HIC + MIC + LIC, but none with MIC + LIC. Regarding viewing, 87,860 views originated from 180 countries (82% of the WBC list): 35% HIC, 51% MIC, and 14% LIC. The most common accessing nations were the United States, India, the United Kingdom, Brazil, and Ethiopia. CONCLUSION More than half of JCO GO's authorship comes from mixed WBC groups, with viewership extending to most of the world's nations. Areas to address are low level of LIC corresponding authors, few papers from authors across all WBC groups, no publications from MIC + LIC collaborations, and a low percentage of readership by LIC. These data provide focus to target interventions aimed at reducing the academic segregation of LIC and improving interactions across all WBC countries.
Relaxation time as an indicator of critical transition to a eutrophic lake state: The role of stochastic resonance
Authors: Ma Zhiqin , Zeng Chunhua , Zheng Bo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lake ecosystems exhibit nonlinear responses and may undergo catastrophic shifts to opposite states from which recovery is difficult. Recent theoretical and experimental developments have revealed that characterizing the resilience of ecosystems can provide a way to anticipate critical transitions. In this letter, we present a novel and practical approach that measures the resilience, i.e., the relaxation time as an indicator of a critical transition to a eutrophic lake state. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms underlying these findings are explored via stochastic resonance, namely, the signal-to-noise ratio as a function of the system parameter shows a maximum value when the noise intensity is fixed. The results show that relaxation time is an excellent indicator, and stochastic resonance occurs near a critical threshold. Our results offer a new perspective to anticipate critical transitions in ecosystems.
Stride frequency or length? A phylogenetic approach to understand how animals regulate locomotor speed
Authors: Granatosky Michael C. , McElroy Eric J. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Speed regulation in animals involves stride frequency and stride length. While the relationship between these variables has been well documented, it remains unresolved whether animals primarily modify stride frequency or stride length to increase speed. In this study, we explored the interrelationships between these three variables across a sample of 103 tetrapods and assessed whether speed regulation strategy is influenced by mechanical, allometric, phylogenetic or ecological factors. We observed that crouched terrestrial species tend to regulate speed through stride frequency. Such a strategy is energetically costly, but results in greater locomotor maneuverability and greater stability. In contrast, regulating speed through stride length is closely tied to larger arboreal animals with relatively extended limbs. Such movements reduce substrate oscillations on thin arboreal supports and/or helps to reduce swing phase costs. The slope of speed on frequency is lower in small crouched animals than in large-bodied erect species. As a result, substantially more rapid limb movements are matched with only small speed increases in crouched, small-bodied animals. Furthermore, the slope of speed on stride length was inversely proportional to body mass. As such, small changes in stride length can result in relatively rapid speed increases for small-bodied species. These results are somewhat counterintuitive, in that larger species, which have longer limbs and take longer strides, do not appear to gain as much speed increase out of lengthening their stride. Conversely, smaller species that cycle their limbs rapidly do not gain as much speed out of increasing stride frequency as do larger species.
Best practices for building and curating databases for comparative analyses
Authors: Schwanz Lisa E. , Gunderson Alex , Iglesias-Carrasco Maider , Johnson Michele A. , Kong Jacinta D. , Riley Julia , Wu Nicholas C. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Comparative analyses have a long history of macro-ecological and -evolutionary approaches to understand structure, function, mechanism and constraint. As the pace of science accelerates, there is ever-increasing access to diverse types of data and open access databases that are enabling and inspiring new research. Whether conducting a species-level trait-based analysis or a formal meta-analysis of study effect sizes, comparative approaches share a common reliance on reliable, carefully curated databases. Unlike many scientific endeavors, building a database is a process that many researchers undertake infrequently and in which we are not formally trained. This Commentary provides an introduction to building databases for comparative analyses and highlights challenges and solutions that the authors of this Commentary have faced in their own experiences. We focus on four major tips: (1) carefully strategizing the literature search; (2) structuring databases for multiple use; (3) establishing version control within (and beyond) your study; and (4) the importance of making databases accessible. We highlight how one's approach to these tasks often depends on the goal of the study and the nature of the data. Finally, we assert that the curation of single-question databases has several disadvantages: it limits the possibility of using databases for multiple purposes and decreases efficiency due to independent researchers repeatedly sifting through large volumes of raw information. We argue that curating databases that are broader than one research question can provide a large return on investment, and that research fields could increase efficiency if community curation of databases was established.
Impact of fluctuating developmental temperatures on phenotypic traits in reptiles: a meta-analysis
Authors: Raynal Rebecca S. , Noble Daniel W. A. , Riley Julia L. , Senior Alistair M. , Warner Daniel A. , While Geoffrey M. , Schwanz Lisa E. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
During the vulnerable stages of early life, most ectothermic animals experience hourly and diel fluctuations in temperature as air temperatures change. While we know a great deal about how different constant temperatures impact the phenotypes of developing ectotherms, we know remarkably little about the impacts of temperature fluctuations on the development of ectotherms. In this study, we used a meta-analytic approach to compare the mean and variance of phenotypic outcomes from constant and fluctuating incubation temperatures across reptile species. We found that fluctuating temperatures provided a small benefit (higher hatching success and shorter incubation durations) at cool mean temperatures compared with constant temperatures, but had a negative effect at warm mean temperatures. In addition, more extreme temperature fluctuations led to greater reductions in embryonic survival compared with moderate temperature fluctuations. Within the limited data available from species with temperature-dependent sex determination, embryos had a higher chance of developing as female when developing in fluctuating temperatures compared with those developing in constant temperatures. With our meta-analytic approach, we identified average mean nest temperatures across all taxa where reptiles switch from receiving benefits to incurring costs when incubation temperatures fluctuate. More broadly, our study indicates that the impact of fluctuating developmental temperature on some phenotypes in ectothermic taxa are likely to be predictable via integration of developmental temperature profiles with thermal performance curves.
Integrating theoretical and empirical approaches for a robust understanding of endocrine flexibility
Authors: Grindstaff Jennifer L. , Beaty Lynne E. , Ambardar Medhavi , Luttbeg Barney 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACTThere is growing interest in studying hormones beyond single ‘snapshot’ measurements, as recognition that individual variation in the endocrine response to environmental change may underlie many rapid, coordinated phenotypic changes. Repeated measures of hormone levels in individuals provide additional insight into individual variation in endocrine flexibility – that is, how individuals modulate hormone levels in response to the environment. The ability to quickly and appropriately modify phenotype is predicted to be favored by selection, especially in unpredictable environments. The need for repeated samples from individuals can make empirical studies of endocrine flexibility logistically challenging, but methods based in mathematical modeling can provide insights that circumvent these challenges. Our Review introduces and defines endocrine flexibility, reviews existing studies, makes suggestions for future empirical work, and recommends mathematical modeling approaches to complement empirical work and significantly advance our understanding. Mathematical modeling is not yet widely employed in endocrinology, but can be used to identify innovative areas for future research and generate novel predictions for empirical testing.
Linking environmental salinity to respiratory phenotypes and metabolic rate in fishes: a data mining and modelling approach
Authors: Harter Till S. , Damsgaard Christian , Regan Matthew D. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
The gill is the primary site of ionoregulation and gas exchange in adult teleost fishes. However, those characteristics that benefit diffusive gas exchange (large, thin gills) may also enhance the passive equilibration of ions and water that threaten osmotic homeostasis. Our literature review revealed that gill surface area and thickness were similar in freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) species; however, the diffusive oxygen (O2) conductance (Gd) of the gill was lower in FW species. While a lower Gd may reduce ion losses, it also limits O2 uptake capacity and possibly aerobic performance in situations of high O2 demand (e.g. exercise) or low O2 availability (e.g. environmental hypoxia). We also found that FW fishes had significantly higher haemoglobin (Hb)–O2 binding affinities than SW species, which will increase the O2 diffusion gradient across the gills. Therefore, we hypothesized that the higher Hb–O2 affinity of FW fishes compensates, in part, for their lower Gd. Using a combined literature review and modelling approach, our results show that a higher Hb–O2 affinity in FW fishes increases the flux of O2 across their low-Gd gills. In addition, FW and SW teleosts can achieve similar maximal rates of O2 consumption (ṀO2,max) and hypoxia tolerance (Pcrit) through different combinations of Hb–O2 affinity and Gd. Our combined data identified novel patterns in gill and Hb characteristics between FW and SW fishes and our modelling approach provides mechanistic insight into the relationship between aerobic performance and species distribution ranges, generating novel hypotheses at the intersection of cardiorespiratory and ionoregulatory fish physiology.
Paths towards greater consensus building in experimental biology
Authors: Roche Dominique G. , Raby Graham D. , Norin Tommy , Ern Rasmus , Scheuffele Hanna , Skeeles Michael , Morgan Rachael , Andreassen Anna H. , Clements Jeff C. , Louissaint Sarahdghyn , Jutfelt Fredrik , Clark Timothy D. , Binning Sandra A. 
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
In a recent editorial, the Editors-in-Chief of Journal of Experimental Biology argued that consensus building, data sharing, and better integration across disciplines are needed to address the urgent scientific challenges posed by climate change. We agree and expand on the importance of cross-disciplinary integration and transparency to improve consensus building and advance climate change research in experimental biology. We investigated reproducible research practices in experimental biology through a review of open data and analysis code associated with empirical studies on three debated paradigms and for unrelated studies published in leading journals in comparative physiology and behavioural ecology over the last 10 years. Nineteen per cent of studies on the three paradigms had open data, and 3.2% had open code. Similarly, 12.1% of studies in the journals we examined had open data, and 3.1% had open code. Previous research indicates that only 50% of shared datasets are complete and re-usable, suggesting that fewer than 10% of studies in experimental biology have usable open data. Encouragingly, our results indicate that reproducible research practices are increasing over time, with data sharing rates in some journals reaching 75% in recent years. Rigorous empirical research in experimental biology is key to understanding the mechanisms by which climate change affects organisms, and ultimately promotes evidence-based conservation policy and practice. We argue that a greater adoption of open science practices, with a particular focus on FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Re-usable) data and code, represents a much-needed paradigm shift towards improved transparency, cross-disciplinary integration, and consensus building to maximize the contributions of experimental biologists in addressing the impacts of environmental change on living organisms.
Predictive factors and outcomes of severe community acquired pneumonia in patients with respiratory failure
Authors: Ullah Arslan Rahat , Masood Aysha , Amin Sumayya , Ali Iftikhar 
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To explore the risk factors, pathogens and outcomes of severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) in patients with respiratory failure.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Northwest General Hospital & Research Centre, Peshawar, Pakistan from February 2016 to October 2018. All patients with Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recorded consecutively. Diagnosis of SCAP was made following the criteria established by the IDSA/ATS in the consensus guidelines on the management of CAP in adults published in 2007. In-hospital mortality was the main outcome.
Results: The final analysis comprised a total of 100 patients with SCAP. The mean age was 60.0±18.01 years, and 54.0% were female patients. Afghani patients represented 22.0% of the total patients. The most common comorbidity associated with SCAP was hypertension (42.0%). The most commonly isolated etiological agents were Acinetobacter baumannii, followed by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. In-hospital mortality was 45%. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with in-hospital mortality were age (OR 1.054; 95%Cl 1.01-1.10; p=0.021), presence of two or more complications (OR 4.51; 95%Cl 1.18-17.28; p=0.028), septic shock (OR 6.44; 95%Cl 1.55-26.803; p=0.010), length of mechanical ventilation (OR 1.17; 95%Cl 1.01-1.40; p=0.043), and paO2 (OR 4.51; 95%Cl 1.18-17.28; p=0.004).
Conclusion: A high mortality rate was observed in our study. Age, presence of two or more complications, septic shock, length of mechanical ventilation, and low paO2 were identified to be independent predictors of mortality for patients with SCAP.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5312
How to cite this:Rahat-Ullah A, Masood A, Amin S, Ali I. Predictive factors and outcomes of severe community acquired pneumonia in patients with respiratory failure. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.4.5312
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Jan Hasso Agopsowicz (1915-1982). Ormianin, bibliofil, twórca ekslibrisów
Authors: Krzyżowski Tomasz 
Published: March 2022

Jan Hasso Agopsowicz (1915-1982) – Armenian, Bibliophile, Creator of Bookplates
The article presents the biography of Jan Hasso Agopsowicz (1915-1982), Polish Armenian, full of merit for the Armenian environment in Poland. He was born in Kociubińce, Eastern Galicia, in the Armenian landowning family. In 1931- 1938 he studied in Rome, at the Papal Armenian College and Gregorian University, preparing himself for the adoption of priestly orders in the Armenian rite. In October 1938 he resigned from finalisation of the theological studies and returned to Poland. After World War II, he lived in Nowy Sącz, where he was a manager of the analytical laboratory in the municipal hospital. Agopsowicz focused a lot on the situation of the Armenian diaspora in Poland and the activity of the Armenian environment. He wanted to guarantee the pastoral care for Catholic Armenians in Poland and to ensure the persistence of the Armenian rite so he intervened with the Holy See and Primate Stefan Wyszyński. Furthermore, he engaged in artistic activity. Creation of bookplates was his passion – he designed 240 bookplates. Interests of Agopsowicz concerning the Armenian history and culture, as well as his numerous contacts with Armenians, led to the creation of several dozen bookplates with Armenian themes. Moreover, he gathered a large book collection relating to Armenian themes in different languages. He died in Nowy Sącz and was buried at the Rakowicki Cemetery in Krakow.
Managing Uncertainty: An Experiment on Delegation and Team Selection
Authors: Hamman John R. , Martínez-Carrasco Miguel A. 
Published: March 2022

We study how organizations use team selection and delegation of authority jointly to navigate uncertain environments. To do so, we model a managerial decision environment in which a manager both determines the skill heterogeneity of the workers and determines whether to retain or delegate the ability to allocate tasks. Delegation enables better-informed workers to allocate tasks more efficiently when uncertainty is high relative to the incentive conflict between manager and worker. Our novel approach allows us to illustrate that this conflict is endogenously determined by the team selection decision. Experimental data support—although not globally—the direction of our theoretical hypotheses and offer insight into how and why choices deviate from expected behavior. Notably, we identify behavioral characteristics that aid decisions along each dimension. Deliberative thinking improves all decisions under low uncertainty and improves team selection regardless of the level of uncertainty. Risk tolerance improves all decisions in highly uncertain situations and helps managers optimally delegate decision rights in all settings. The results highlight potentially costly ways in which managers seek to simplify their decisions but show how deliberative thinking and risk tolerance can improve performance in a complementary manner. History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory. Funding: The authors thank Florida State University and the Barcelona Graduate School of Economics for financial support. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1545 .
Alteridade: o outro na pesquisa em Educação
Authors: Nunes Marcia Jovani De Oliveira , Barros Josemir Almeida 
Published: March 2022

O artigo propõe um debate sobre alteridade ao abordar a pesquisa em Educação. Versa sobre a pesquisa-ação como uma alternativa que aproxima e possibilita a escuta do pesquisador frente ao seu objeto, principalmente quando falante, a fim de produzir conhecimentos que gerem impacto nas ações educacionais e contribuam para solucionar problemas detectados nos processos de coleta de dados de campo. Como metodologia foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica. A investigação demonstrou que o pesquisador ao escolher a pesquisa-ação institui uma das possibilidades promissoras capaz de criar alternativas educacionais no âmbito social, principalmente porque estabelece ou cria constantes diálogos, alteridades e escutas sensíveis, itens fundamentais ao tratar da pesquisa com seres humanos. Instituir a dialogicidade é premente à identificação e solução na condição de alternativa para resolver parte dos problemas educacionais.
The cost of dementia care in Greece: medical, social and informal care factors
Authors: Tsampalas Evangelos , Karakatsani Eleutheria , Aravantinou-Fatorou Konstantina , Zarakovitis Dimitrios , Chronopoulou Eleni , Lypiridou Maria , Gamvroula Anastasia , Dais Stylianos , Athanasios Anastasiou 
Published: March 2022

Background/Aims Dementia is a major disease worldwide, with an increasing incidence rate. This study estimated the societal cost of dementia in Greece, with the aim of helping policy makers to plan health services and evaluate their efficiency. Methods This study was conducted at a specialist neurological hospital in Greece with 110 patients with dementia and 110 caregivers. Local rates were used to determine the cost of services, medicines and staff salaries. Caregivers completed a survey reporting the time spent caring for the patient and any other expenses. Results were correlated with the three stages of disease severity (mild, moderate and severe) with a multivariate regression model. Results Informal care comprised the largest proportion of the total cost of caring for a patient with dementia. Furthermore, it was found that more severe dementia was associated with higher costs in private and public social and informal care. Conclusions Informal carers provide the majority of care for patients with dementia. More support from social care services is needed to cope with the predicted increase in dementia incidence in the near future.