bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic Synthesis of Variediene Analogs
Authors: Liang Lin‐Fu , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractFive analogs of dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) with additional or shifted Me groups were converted with isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and the fungal variediene synthase from Aspergillus brasiliensis (AbVS). These enzymatic reactions resulted in the formation of several new terpene analogs that were isolated and structurally characterised by NMR spectroscopy. Several DMAPP analogs showed a changed reactivity giving access to compounds with unusual skeletons. Their formation is mechanistically rationalised and the absolute configurations of all obtained compounds were determined through a stereoselective deuteration strategy, revealing absolute configurations that are analogous to that of the natural enzyme product variediene.
‘I have high self‐compassion’: A face‐valid single‐item self‐compassion scale for resource‐limited research contexts
Authors: Zhang Jia Wei , Howell Ryan T. , Chen Serena , Goold Aleah Ruth , Bilgin Begüm , Chai Wen Jia , Ramis Tamilselvan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe original 26‐item Self‐Compassion Scale (SCS; Neff, 2003) and 12‐item Short‐Form Self‐Compassion Scale (SF‐SCS; Raes et al., 2011) are scales commonly used in cross‐sectional and longitudinal research to assess the global self‐compassion construct and its six facets. We introduce the Single‐Item Self‐Compassion Scale (SISC; ‘I have high self‐compassion’) to measure the global self‐compassion construct in time‐, space‐ and resource‐limited contexts (e.g., daily diaries, experience sampling and nationally representative surveys). Additionally, the SISC will expand knowledge about self‐compassion by providing researchers whose primary interest is not self‐compassion with a convenient, face‐valid option to measure self‐compassion. Across 10 samples (four cross‐sectional, four longitudinal and two 7‐day daily diary; N = 2,477), we demonstrated that the SISC has acceptable psychometric properties. Specifically, the SISC was temporally consistent, correlated adequately with the SCS and SF‐SCS, exhibited nearly identical correlational patterns when compared with the SCS and SF‐SCS with a wide range of criterion measures (e.g., self‐esteem, personality, affective and social functioning, mental health and demographic variables) and saved 12 min over a 7‐day diary. Results replicated among students, community samples and across the United States, Turkey and Malaysia. Thus, we provide the field with an alternative measure of the global self‐compassion construct that complements the SCS and SF‐SCS.
Space‐Confined Anchoring of Fe−Nx on Concave N‐Doped Carbon Cubes for Catalyzing Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zheng Lingling , Zhao Yingji , Zhang Hongjuan , Xia Wei , Tang Jing 
Published: January 2022

AbstractCarbon‐based electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed Fe−N−C display promising performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) amongst non‐precious electrocatalysts. Nonetheless, increasing the number and utilization of Fe−N−C active sites is challenging. Designing morphologies and adjusting the pore structure of carbon‐based electrocatalysts would boost the mass transfer, enhance the utilization of the active sites, and increase the overall ORR performance. In this work, a concave N‐doped carbon cubes structure adorned with highly external Fe−Nx was designed and produced by the space‐confined induced strategy. The optimal electrocatalyst revealed excellent ORR activity in both alkaline and acidic electrolytes, with half‐wave potentials of 0.86 and 0.75 V, respectively. The superior performance arose from its unique concave structure, possessing more accessible active sites with improved intrinsic activity, which holds promising potential for preparing advanced ORR electrocatalysts.
Clinical challenges of tissue preparation for spatial transcriptome
Authors: Liu Xiaoxia , Jiang Yujia , Song Dongli , Zhang Linlin , Xu Guang , Hou Rui , Zhang Yong , Chen Jian , Cheng Yunfeng , Liu Longqi , Xu Xun , Chen Gang , Wu Duojiao , Chen Tianxiang , Chen Ao , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSpatial transcriptomics is considered as an important part of spatiotemporal molecular images to bridge molecular information with clinical images. Of those potentials and opportunities, the excellent quality of human sample preparation and handling will ensure the precise and reliable information generated from clinical spatial transcriptome. The present study aims at defining potential factors that might influence the quality of spatial transcriptomics in lung cancer, para‐cancer, or normal tissues, pathological images of sections and the RNA integrity before spatial transcriptome sequencing. We categorised potential influencing factors from clinical aspects, including patient selection, pathological definition, surgical types, sample harvest, temporary preservation conditions and solutions, frozen approaches, transport and storage conditions and duration. We emphasis on the relationship between the combination of histological scores with RNA integrity number (RIN) and the unique molecular identifier (UMI), which is determines the quality of of spatial transcriptomics; however, we did not find significantly relevance between them. Our results showed that isolated times and dry conditions of sample are critical for the UMI and the quality of spatial transcriptomic samples. Thus, clinical procedures of sample preparation should be furthermore optimised and standardised as new standards of operation performance for clinical spatial transcriptome. Our data suggested that the temporary preservation time and condition of samples at operation room should be within 30 min and in ‘dry’ status. The direct cryo‐preservation within OCT media for human lung sample is recommended. Thus, we believe that clinical spatial transcriptome will be a decisive approach and bridge in the development of spatiotemporal molecular images and provide new insights for understanding molecular mechanisms of diseases at multi‐orientations.
Morphometry of two cryptic tree frog species at their hybrid zone reveals neither intermediate nor transgressive morphotypes
Authors: Majtyka Tomasz , Borczyk Bartosz , Ogielska Maria , Stöck Matthias 
Published: January 2022

AbstractUnder incomplete reproductive isolation, secondary contact of diverged allopatric lineages may lead to the formation of hybrid zones that allow to study recombinants over several generations as excellent systems of genomic interactions resulting from the evolutionary forces acting on certain genes and phenotypes. Hybrid phenotypes may either exhibit intermediacy or, alternatively, transgressive traits, which exceed the extremes of their parents due to epistasis and segregation of complementary alleles. While transgressive morphotypes have been examined in fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals, studies in amphibians are rare. Here, we associate microsatellite‐based genotypes with morphometrics‐based morphotypes of two tree frog species of theHyla arboreagroup, sampled across a hybrid zone in Poland, to understand whether the genetically differentiated parental species also differ in morphology between each other and their hybrids and whether secondary contact leads to the evolution of intermediate or transgressive morphotypes. Using univariate approaches, explorative multivariate methods (principal component analyses) as well as techniques with prior grouping (discriminant function analyses), we find that morphotypes of both parental species and hybrids differ from each other. Importantly, hybrid morphotypes are neither intermediate nor transgressive but found to be more similar toH.orientalisthan toH.arborea.
The effect of oil palm‐dominated landscapes on the home range and distribution of a generalist species, the Asian water monitor
Authors: Guerrero‐Sanchez Sergio , Majewski Katherine , Orozco‐terWengel Pablo , Saimin Silvester , Goossens Benoit 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe Asian water monitor lizard, Varanus salvator, is one of the largest predators in Southeast Asia which persists in human‐dominated landscapes and, as such, is a suitable model to understand the behavioral plasticity of generalists in anthropogenic landscapes. We used Local Convex Hull with adaptive algorithm to estimate the home range size of 14 GPS‐tagged individuals, followed by a MAXENT approach and community prey composition to understand the habitat preferences within the landscape. We estimated larger home ranges in forest than in oil palm plantations, as well as a larger diversity and abundance of mammals. Core home ranges were always linked to water bodies. However, the use of underproductive oil palm, freshwater swamp forest, and degraded forest by monitor lizards were higher than other kind of vegetation. This suitable habitat is proportionally larger in forest (73.7%) than in oil palm plantations (39.6%). Generalized estimation equation models showed that, while full home range size was negatively associated with the abundance of mammals, core areas depicted a positive association with mammal abundance, as well as with the proportion of suitable habitat within the home range. Besides having smaller home ranges in oil palm plantations, our findings suggest that limited suitable habitat availability forces the Asian water monitor lizard's population to establish only one or very few core areas. Contrastingly, under the protection of forest, they have more core areas, widely dispersed within larger home ranges. We conclude that regardless the plasticity of the species, human‐dominated landscapes are altering natural patterns of home range establishment in the monitor lizard's population, creating a potential ecological trap where conditions may not remain favorable for them in the long run. A deeper understanding of the ecological implications on the species and the prey community is advisable.
Movement behavior of a threatened native fish informs flow management in a modified floodplain river system
Authors: Tonkin Zeb , Moloney Paul , Lyon Jarod , Kitchingman Adrian , O'Mahony Justin , Raymond Scott , Hackett Graeme , Saddlier Steve , Greenfield Andrew , Wood David , Hale Robin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractMovement is a key driver of the distribution of animals and the structure of populations, communities, and ecosystems. Habitat loss and fragmentation can compromise movement and contribute to population declines. However, there is often insufficient knowledge about when, why, and where animals move, particularly in highly modified environments. We present results from an 8‐year study on the movement behavior of Murray cod Maccullochella peelii, an Australian freshwater fish species that has undergone major declines due in part to river flow regulations. We studied movement within and between different habitat types in a highly modified floodplain ecosystem in the lower Murray River to (1) identify the key environmental conditions associated with movement, (2) examine how a new regulating structure can be managed to influence movement behavior, and (3) explore movement mediated recovery following a hypoxic event. Movement within and between an anabranch and main river channel habitats increased during the core spawning period and during elevated discharge. The likelihood of Murray cod moving to an anabranch system from the Murray River declined substantially following construction of a new flow regulating structure (a weir and vertical slot fishway). Managed flows delivered through the anabranch after regulator construction in accordance with targeted recommendations (time‐of‐year and magnitude of discharge) increased the movement of adult fish within and between habitats. Finally, a hypoxic event caused not only high mortality but also resulted in a high proportion of fish migrating outside of the study reach, before returning to the system over several years. These results demonstrate how flow management can help a keystone species access habitats required to complete critical life history requirements including recovery from disturbance events. Importantly, the work provides an example of how timely and robust applied research has informed a major intervention program aimed at enhancing ecological outcomes.
Alluvial fan aggradation in low relief, humid‐temperate landscapes, Uwharrie National Forest, North Carolina Piedmont
Authors: Opalka Catherine E. , Eppes Martha‐Cary , Bobyarchick Andy R. , Spatz Andrew A. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractWe describe the soils, stratigraphy, distribution and ages of alluvial fans in the North Carolina Piedmont to understand factors contributing to their formation in this low relief, humid‐temperate setting. We find that those contributing factors (i.e., contributing source basin area and rock type; and climate) parallel, but do not precisely mimic those of arid and semi‐arid climate fans. Digital elevation model (DEM) and field observations revealed that about 25% of 209 mapped basin outlets contain alluvial fans. Fans are all < 0.01 km2 in area, with a contributing basin area threshold of ~0.1km2 above which fans are not commonly observed. Fans issuing from basins underlain by more easily weatherable and erodible argillites are generally larger than those that contain more resistant rhyolites. Radiocarbon dates of fan sediments are dominantly late Holocene (13 ages < 3000 ka; two ages between 7000–10,000 ka), with notably no late‐Pleistocene aged fans. We thus infer that fan aggradation is predicated on watershed characteristics – and climates – that favor high sediment supply to discharge ratios. Detailed soil and sediment descriptions from pits located on 15 fans reveal that approximately half exhibit cumulic over‐thickened soil profiles forming dominantly in sheetflood deposits, providing evidence of ongoing, relatively slow deposition. Low iron ratios measured from those fan soils suggests recycling of more developed soils from basin hillslopes. Occasional matrix‐supported debris flow deposits in some fans provide evidence of much less common, rapid (0.5–1 m) fan accumulation. While acknowledging a paucity of detailed climate records in the Piedmont precludes identifying precise mechanistic relationships, our mapping, soils and sedimentologic data suggest that climates favoring modest hillslope erosion without extreme runoff lead to periods of fan aggradation in this transport‐limited landscape. Overall, this work documents significant rock‐type modulated, climate‐driven Holocene landscape evolution in the south‐eastern US Piedmont predating legacy sediment erosion and deposition that has gone largely underappreciated.
Hot‐electron emission‐driven energy recycling in transparent plasmonic electrode for organic solar cells
Authors: Chen Jing‐De , Li Ling , Qin Chao‐Chao , Ren Hao , Li Yan‐Qing , Ou Qing‐Dong , Guo Jia‐Jia , Zou Shi‐Jie , Xie Feng‐Ming , Liu Xianjie , Tang Jian‐Xin 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPlasmonic metal electrodes with subwavelength nanostructures are promising for enhancing light harvesting in photovoltaics. However, the nonradiative damping of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) during coupling with sunlight results in the conversion of the excited hot‐electrons to heat, which limits the absorption of light and generation of photocurrent. Herein, an energy recycling strategy driven by hot‐electron emission for recycling the SPP energy trapped in the plasmonic electrodes is proposed. A transparent silver‐based plasmonic metal electrode (A‐PME) with a periodic hexagonal nanopore array is constructed, which is combined with a luminescent organic emitter for radiative recombination of the injected hot‐electrons. Owing to the suppressed SPP energy loss via broadband hot‐electron emission, the A‐PME achieves an optimized optical transmission with an average transmittance of over 80% from 380 to 1200 nm. Moreover, the indium‐tin‐oxide‐free organic solar cells yield an enhanced light harvesting with a power conversion efficiency of 16.1%.
Survey of direct patient care and payment models among pharmacy practice faculty
Authors: Dowling Thomas C. , Thomas Aaron , Gums John G. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionThe scope of pharmacy practice continues to expand into comprehensive medication management and direct patient care models, where practice‐based faculty play a central role. The extent to which schools/colleges of pharmacy have faculty embedded in health systems, physician practices, and other value‐based care settings involving practice plans is largely unknown.ObjectivesThe objectives of this project were to: (1) elucidate the perceptions, barriers, and implementation strategies related to direct patient care models, and (2) to further our understanding of how practice departments are employing practice plans, within schools/colleges of pharmacy.MethodsA 25‐item survey was distributed via email. Eligible respondents were pharmacy practice department chairs at United States‐based colleges/schools of pharmacy. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize workload allocations, direct patient care activities, and billing/reimbursement trends among practice faculty.Measurements and Main ResultsSurvey respondents included 43 institutions (32.6% institutional response rate) representing 1241 practice faculty and nearly 800 faculty involved in direct patient care activities. Faculty at private institutions tended to have a higher degree of effort in direct patient care (26.3% vs 4.3%) and were more involved in billing for services in the clinic setting, when compared with public institutions. Although Collaborative Practice Agreements were widely utilized, very few institutions employed practice revenue plans.ConclusionThe findings of our study indicate that pharmacy practice faculty provide significant effort in direct patient care that is critical to advancing the profession. These faculty practicing in primary and ambulatory care settings serve as role models to our student trainees, particularly in value‐based care settings. However, practice plan payment models appear to be rarely utilized. Failure to account for and recognize these valuable direct patient care activities may adversely impact the financial sustainability of schools and colleges of pharmacy in the future.
Pharmacy resident third party credentialing and reimbursement in a family medicine clinic
Authors: Richards Brinton Maren E. , Hughes Jonathan C. , Borja‐Hart Nancy 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIntroductionWhile numerous studies have proven the impact of pharmacists on clinical outcomes, there is a paucity of data demonstrating successful reimbursement of pharmacist services by commercial and other payors. Furthermore, the level of reimbursement necessary to sustain a pharmacist resident position has not been evaluated and has potential to be a more achievable goal given the lower direct costs of a resident position.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to qualitatively describe reimbursement and credentialing of a Post Graduate Year Two (PGY2) Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Resident in a newly established part‐time resident clinic.MethodsThis was a prospective quality improvement study evaluating credentialing progress and reimbursement data in a resident‐run Family Medicine clinic from 1 July 2020 to 25 June 2021. Patients underwent evaluation and management of chronic diseases by the PGY2 under a collaborative practice agreement. The primary outcome studied was total reimbursement received from resident‐provided pharmacy services. Secondary outcomes included percentage of charges reimbursed, number of billed encounters completed, and the number and type of third party payors with whom the resident was credentialed.ResultsDuring the study period, the PGY2 was credentialed with 11 third party payors and completed 232 billable encounters. $24 558 was billed during the study, comprising $18 533 and $6025 from evaluation and management and medication therapy management codes, respectively. Total reimbursement received for the resident's services was $13 765, approximately 56% of billed charges and 18.4% of the resident pharmacist's annual salary and benefits. This was primarily collected during the last 3 months of the study period.ConclusionsThe PGY2 was able to successfully become credentialed with various third party payors and receive reimbursement for covered services. This could provide a potential opportunity to fund some, if not all of a PGY2's salary and benefits.
A Tissue Engineered Construct for Laryngeal Regeneration: A Proof‐of‐Concept Device Design Study
Authors: Lott David G. , Shah Manisha , Myers Cheryl , McPhail Michael , Neubauer Juergen , Struthers Jason , Madsen Cathy S. , Grandjean Danielle , Zacharias Stephanie R. C. , Tchoukalova Yourka D. 
Published: January 2022

Objectives/HypothesisDevelop a patient‐specific tissue engineered construct for laryngeal reconstruction following a partial laryngectomy.Study DesignBench and animal research.MethodsA construct made from a porous polyethylene scaffold shaped in a canine‐specific configuration and seeded with autologous canine adipose‐derived stem cells in fibrin glue was implanted in a canine following a partial laryngectomy. After 1 year, the construct was first evaluated in vivo with high‐speed imaging and acoustic–aerodynamic measures. It was then explanted and evaluated histologically.ResultsThe canine study at 1 year revealed the construct provided voicing (barking) with acoustic and aerodynamic measures within normal ranges. The canine was able to eat and breathe normally without long‐term support. The construct was integrated with epithelialization of all areas except the medial portion of the vocal fold structure. No anti‐infective agents were needed after the standard perioperative medications were completed.ConclusionThis study provided a successful first step toward developing a patient‐specific composite construct for patients undergoing partial laryngectomies.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:S1–S11, 2022
A CONVERSATION WITH ALAN MULALLY ABOUT HIS “WORKING TOGETHER”© STRATEGIC, OPERATIONAL, AND STAKEHOLDER‐CENTERED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Mulally Alan , McArthur Sarah 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis article is a conversation between Leader to Leader's new co‐editor‐in‐chief, Sarah McArthur, and Alan Mulally, former Chief Executive Officer/CEO of Ford Motor Company and CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes. They discuss what Mulally terms Our “Working Together” management system. There are five elements, which in Mulally's words are (and are described in more depth in the article): “Our principles and practices are the foundation of “Working Together.” Our governance process is how we manage ourselves. Our leadership team includes the leaders of all the functional disciplines. Our creating value roadmap process includes our vision, business environment, strategy, plan, and business plan review. Our business plan review is our weekly meeting where we review the progress on our creating value roadmap and our business plan.”