bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calotropis Procera Induced Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis and Impaired Akt/mTOR
Signaling in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Rabelo Ana Carolina Silveira , Miglino Maria Angélica , Arbizu Shirley , Carreira Ana Cláudia O. , Filho Antônio José Cantanhede , Carneiro Fernando José Costa , Layosa Marjorie Anne A. , Noratto Giuliana 
Published: June 2022

Introduction:
Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand (Apocynaceae) is an herb that has been commonly used in
folk medicine to treat various diseases for more than 1500 years.

Aims:
Our goal was to investigate the anti-metastatic effects of phenolics extracted from C. procera (CphE) against
4T1 breast cancer cells and in BALB/c mice.

Methods:
4T1 cells were treated with CphE and quercetin (positive control) at concentrations that inhibited cell viability
by 50% (IC50). Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), wound healing, and protein expressions were determined
following standard protocols. For the in vivo pilot study, the syngeneic BALB/c mouse model was used. 4T1 cells were
injected into mammary fat pads. Tumors were allowed to grow for 9 days before gavage treatment with CphE (150 mg
GAE/kg/day) or PBS (controls) for one week. Excised tumors, liver, and lungs were analyzed for gene and protein
expression and histology.

Results:
In vitro results showed that CphE suppressed cell viability through apoptosis induction, via caspase-3 cleavage
and total PARP reduction. CphE also scavenged ROS and suppressed Akt, mTOR, ERK1/2, CREB, and Src activation
contributing to cell motility inhibition. CphE reduced IR, PTEN, TSC2, p70S6, and RPS6, protein levels, which
are proteins involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suggesting this pathway as CphE primary target. In vivo results
showed downregulation of ERK1/2 activation by phosphorylation in tumor tissues, accompanied by angiogenesis
reduction in tumor and lung tissues. A reduction of Cenpf mRNA levels in liver and lung tissues strongly suggested
anti-invasive cancer activity of CphE.

Conclusion:
CphE inhibited 4T1 cell signal pathways that play a key role in cell growth and invasion. The potential
for in vitro results to be translated in vivo was confirmed. A complete animal study is a guarantee to confirm the CphE
anticancer and antimetastatic activity in vivo.
Risk Perception and Crash Involvement of Cell Phone Users While Driving Among Young Drivers in Developing Countries: The Case of Qatar
Authors: Shaaban Khaled , Gargoum Suliman , El-Basyouny Karim 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Cell phone use while driving is a significant safety problem all around the world. It is considered one of the main factors contributing to road crashes among young drivers.

Aim:
To address this problem, it is important to determine how young drivers perceive the risk of using a cell phone while driving and to understand whether the perception of risk is correlated with their crash involvement.

Methods:
Data were collected through a detailed questionnaire from young drivers in Qatar to assess potential correlations between the drivers’ demographic background, perception of risk, and crash involvement. Logistic regression models were developed to explore the relationships between those variables.

Results:
The analysis revealed that female drivers had a higher perception of risk related to using cell phones while driving compared to male drivers. Drivers with higher education levels were found to also have a higher perception of risk when compared to less educated drivers. The analysis showed that participants who perceived lower risk of answering a call while driving were more likely to be involved in a crash.

Conclusion:
These results can be useful to identify the groups that should be targeted through countermeasures. Different countermeasures were presented, and directions for future research were proposed.
Optimizing and Evaluating the Transdermal Permeation of Hydrocortisone
Transfersomes Formulation Based on Digital Analysis of the In Vitro
Drug Release and Ex Vivo Studies
Authors: Abdelwahd Asmae , Abdul Rasool Bazigha K. 
Published: June 2022

Background:
Transfersomes can be used to enhance transdermal drug delivery due to their
flexibility and ability to incorporate various molecules. For example, hydrocortisone (HC), a corticosteroid,
is taken by different routes and serves as immunosuppressive, anticancer, and antiallergenic;
however, it is poorly absorbed by the skin.

Objective:
Therefore, the current study suggested HC-loaded transfersomes as an alternative route of
administration for reaching deeper skin layers or systemic circulation, to reduce the side effects of HC
and improve its bioavailability.

Methods:
HC transfersomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration method and characterized for their
vesicular size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, elasticity, FTIR spectroscopy, in vitro drug release,
ex vivo permeation, and irritancy in rabbits. The optimized formulation, F15 (containing HC 20
mg, egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) 400 mg, and 75 mg of Span 80), was chosen because it showed the
highest (p< 0.05) EE% (60.4±0.80) and optimized sustained in vitro drug release (Q8 = 87.9±0.6%).

Results:
Extensive analysis of the drug release data from all formulas was performed using the DDSolver
software which quantitatively confirmed the successful formulation. The Weibull equation was the best
model to fit the release data compared to others, and the release mechanism was Fickian diffusion.

Conclusion:
The simulated pharmacokinetic parameters showed that F15 had the highest AUC, MDT,
and DE. Furthermore, F15 significantly enhanced HC permeation by 12-folds compared to the control
through the excised rat's skin. The skin irritancy test has proven F15 safety and skin compatibility.
Exploring Urological Malignancies on Pinterest: Content Analysis
Authors: Herbert Amber S , Hassan Naeemul , Malik Rena D , Loeb Stacy , Myrie Akya 
Published: June 2022

Background
Pinterest is a visually oriented social media platform with over 250 million monthly users. Previous studies have found misinformative content on genitourinary malignancies to be broadly disseminated on YouTube; however, no study has assessed the quality of this content on Pinterest.

Objective
Our objective was to evaluate the quality, understandability, and actionability of genitourinary malignancy content on Pinterest.

Methods
We examined 540 Pinterest posts or pins, using the following search terms: “bladder cancer,” “kidney cancer,” “prostate cancer,” and “testicular cancer.” The pins were limited to English language and topic-specific content, resulting in the following exclusions: bladder (n=88), kidney (n=4), prostate (n=79), and testicular cancer (n=10), leaving 359 pins as the final analytic sample. Pinterest pins were classified based on publisher and perceived race or ethnicity. Content was assessed using 2 validated grading systems: DISCERN quality criteria and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool. The presence of misinformation was evaluated using a published Likert scale ranging from 1=none to 5=high.

Results
Overall, 359 pins with a total of 8507 repins were evaluated. The primary publisher of genitourinary malignancy pins were health and wellness groups (n=162, 45%). Across all genitourinary malignancy pins with people, only 3% (n=7) were perceived as Black. Additionally, Asian (n=2, 1%) and Latinx (n=1, 0.5%) individuals were underrepresented in all pins. Nearly 75% (n=298) of the pins had moderate- to poor-quality information. Misinformative content was apparent in 4%-26% of all genitourinary cancer pins. Understandability and actionability were poor in 55% (n=198) and 100% (n=359) of the pins, respectively.

Conclusions
On Pinterest, the majority of the urological oncology patient-centric content is of low quality and lacks diversity. This widely used, yet unregulated platform has the ability to influence consumers’ health knowledge and decision-making. Ultimately, this can lead to consumers making suboptimal medical decisions. Moreover, our findings demonstrate underrepresentation across many racial and ethnic groups. Efforts should be made to ensure the dissemination of diverse, high-quality, and accurate health care information to the millions of users on Pinterest and other social media platforms.
De lo invisible y de lo inasible
Authors: Cornejo Ojeda Juan Patricio 
Published: June 2022

Since ancient Greece, the sense of sight has been emphasized above all other senses. Today, in the face of certain events - invisible and intangible- such as radioactivity or viruses, the sense of sight has lost all its relevance. Other senses are beginning to gain importance and volume. The sense of touch, enters the scene directly before the invisible and the intangible, defoliating inexorably, in many cases, illness and death. Today it is forced, given our particular reality, to educate the new generations about the importance of the sense of touch. This is the subject of this article based on the philosophy of Xavier Zubiri.
Efficacy of biosurfactant as a coating material for post-harvest preservation of jamun fruit (Syzygium cumini)
Authors: Solanki Jyoti , More Sayali , Jodhani Kaushik , Patel Dhaval , Nataraj M. 
Published: June 2022

Syzygium cumini L., Indian blackberry, popularly known as ‘jamun’, is an extremely perishable fruit with high antioxidant, nutritive and medicinal values. The present study investigated the efficacy of biosurfactant alone and/or in combination with gum ghatti and xanthan gum as edible coating to enhance shelf life and quality of jamun fruit. Coating treatments included 3% gum ghatti (T1), 0.1% xanthan gum (T2), 2% biosurfactant (T3), 3% gum ghatti and 2% biosurfactant (T4), and 0.1% xanthan gum and 2% biosurfactant (T5). Fruit quality was checked at regular intervals by evaluating physiochemical parameters and enzyme assays. The coating treatments reduced weight loss and decay percentage of jamun compared to the control. The increase of total soluble solid concentration was less in fruits treated with gum ghatti ans well as xanthan gum and biosurfactant than in the control. Moreover, sugar (glucose, fructose and sucrose) concentration was lower in treated fruit, especially, in the treatment with biosurfactant alone and in combination with gum ghatti. Concentration of phenolic substances increased in fruit treated with biosurfactant and in combination with xanthan gum. Concentration of ascorbic acid remained unchanged in fruit coated with biosurfactant. Activity of cell wall degrading enzymes was reduced in biosurfactant-treated fruit throughout the storage period. Conclusively, biosurfactant can be used as a promising edible coating, as it delays metabolic changes, maintains firmness and quality of jamun, and therefore increases the shelf life of jamun during postharvest storage.
Floral characteristics support nocturnal pollination and pollination syndrome in Barringtonia racemosa
Authors: Bagangao Meijei T. , Manila-Fajardo Analinda C. 
Published: June 2022

To test for pollination syndrome and to complement records of foraging visitors of an associate mangrove, Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Spreng., aspects of its floral biology were investigated. Phenology and floral rewards (pollen viability, pollen histochemistry and nectar sugar concentration) were focused on owing to their role in plant-pollinator interaction. During the floral opening at 19:00, pollen viability, lipid presence and nectar sugar concentration were highest at 88.05 ± 0.98%, 80.69 ± 10.51%, and 68.98 ± 1.09% mg flower–1, respectively. Starch presence in pollen was rather low (mean 24.95 ± 14.58%), due to hydrolysis of starch occurring during anthesis. These floral characteristics, which reflected the highest reproductive activity, coincided with nocturnal foraging of previously recorded moth visitors. Although bats were rarely observed in previous studies, nocturnal anthesis complemented with the recorded large amount of sugar in nectar (68.98 ± 1.09% mg flower–1 = 1158 J) might be sufficient to provide the average needs of nocturnally foraging bats. Investigation of floral characteristics to complement observation of floral visitors is highly recommended to give a better understanding of the pollination system. Moreover, this study supports the pollination syndrome concept, emphasizing the need for investigation of the role of floral rewards in plant-pollinator relationships.
Indirect organogenesis in Ephedra foliata
Authors: Singh Mahabir , Yadav Kuldeep , Singh Narender 
Published: June 2022

Ephedra foliata Boiss. ex C.A. Mey (Ephedraceae) is a well-known source of the alkaloid ephedrine used for the treatment of chronic asthma and associated respiratory ailments. This investigation was conducted to standardize an efficient regeneration protocol for E. foliata via indirect organogenesis through intermodal explants. Maximum callus induction (80.3%) was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L‑1 2,4‑dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 0.5 mg L‑1 kinetin and additives (50 mg L‑1 ascorbic acid and 25 mg L‑1 citric acid). The maximum shoot regeneration (n = 5.27) was achieved on MS medium containing 6.0 mg L‑1 kinetin, followed by 5.0 mg L‑1 6‑benzylamino purine (n = 4.27). MS half strength medium with 3.0 mg L‑1 α‑naphthalene acetic acid resulted in the highest rooting percentage (32%). Sixty percent of the plantlets survived during acclimatization and were successfully transferred under field conditions. These plants and callus will be a suitable source of plant material for mass multiplication, genetic modification for enhanced bioactive constituents, and germplasm conservation.
Responses of growth and antioxidative enzymes to different Ni concentrations in castor bean (Ricinus communis)
Authors: Dutta Munmi , Bhuyan Mantu , Kalita Sarbeswar 
Published: June 2022

A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of nickel on growth and biochemical parameters of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Castor seedlings were grown in control conditions or in soil amended with 50, 100, 300 and 500 mg kg‑1 of Ni. Plants were harvested after 60 days of sowing. A significant decrease in growth, and concentration of chlorophyll and carotenoids were observed with increasing concentrations of Ni. Leaf proline and malondialdehyde concentration increased considerably in response to Ni application. It was observed that the protein concentration in the leaves of castor plants decreased significantly with the increase in Ni concentrations in soil. An increase in protein content and enzyme activities was observed at increasing Ni concentration in soil. Significant changes in the antioxidative enzyme activities were observed in R. communis treated with varying Ni doses. It was found that with increasing concentrations of Ni in soil, the activity of the enzymes also increased. This suggests that the increase of enzyme activity due to Ni toxicity might play a role in the defence response of R. communis.
Koulutustaustan ja lähtötaitotason merkitys suomen kielen oppimiselle kotoutumiskoulutuksessa
Authors: Seppälä Tanja 
Published: June 2022

Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelen, millaisen suomen kielen taidon opiskelijat saavuttavat kotoutumiskoulutuksessa. Lisäksi analysoin, miten koulutustausta ja suomen kielen lähtötaitotaso ovat yhteydessä kielenoppimiseen. Aineisto on kerätty pääasiassa haastattelemalla 33:a osallistujaa ja poimimalla heistä tietoja Koulutusportti-rekisteristä. Metodeina ovat kuvaileva tilastollinen analyysi sekä khiin neliö -testi ja Spearmanin järjestyskorrelaatiokertoimen analyysi, joiden tuloksia täydennän tiedoilla yksittäisistä opiskelijoista.
Tutkimustulokset vastaavat aiempia selvityksiä: kotoutumiskoulutuksen aikana vain osa opiskelijoista saavutti kotoutumislaissa asetetun kielitaitotavoitteen B1.1. Tässä tutkimuksessa kirjoittaminen oli arvioiduista neljästä osa-alueesta haastavin. Osallistujien koulutustausta on yhteydessä saavutettuihin taitotasoihin, sillä peruskoulun tai ammatillisen koulutuksen suorittaneiden oppimistulokset olivat matalampia kuin korkeakoulututkinnon suorittaneiden tulokset. Kymmenen osallistujaa osasi suomea ennen koulutusta, ja heidän lähtökielitaitonsa ennusti saavutettuja suullisia kielitaitotasoja.
Tuloksilla on merkitystä kotoutumiskoulutuksen järjestämiselle ja arvioinnille. Ne tukevat sitä, että opetuksen organisoimisessa ja arvioimisessa on tärkeää huomioida koulutustaustan vaikutus oppimiseen. Lisäksi koulutuksen onnistumista ei pitäisi arvioida epärealistisen tavoitetason saavuttamisen näkökulmasta. Koulutusportti rekisteriä käytettäessä tulee puolestaan ottaa huomioon, että usean osallistujan osalta haastattelulla saadut koulutustaustatiedot erosivat rekisteritiedoista.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematika Siswa Melalui Model PBL (Problem Based Learning)
Authors: Kotto Marni Abigael , Babys Urni , Gella Netty Julinda Marlin 
Published: June 2022

Kemampuan penalaran sangat penting dalam pembelajaran matematika karena dengan penalaran matematika, siswa dapat mengembangkan kemampuan penalarannya dalam bidang matematika baik itu memecahkan masalah menyusun bukti dan menarik kesimpulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematika siswa melalui model Problem Based Learning (PBL). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan model pre-experimental yang didesain dalam bentuk one group pretest-postest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa SMP Negeri 1 Amanuban Barat kelas VIII yang terdiri atas enam kelas. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari satu kelas yaitu kelas VIIIA dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 12 orang yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes kemampuan penalaran matematika siswa berupa soal uraian. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu soal tes kemampuan penalaran matematika yang terdiri atas soal pre-test dan soal post-test dan digunakan setelah diuji validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, dan daya beda. Teknik analisis data pengujian hipotesis yang digunakan berupa uji t sampel berpasangan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan penalaran matematika siswa pada kelas penelitian serta skor gain untuk mengetahui kriteria peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematika siswa. Hasil analisis dengan uji t sampel berpasangan diperoleh nilai thitung = -27,735 < -ttabel = -2,20, menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematika siswa melalui model PBL. Peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematika siswa berada pada kategori tinggi dengan rata-rata skor gain sebesar 0,71.
Perbandingan Penggunaan Jarak Manhattan, Jarak Euclid, dan Jarak Minkowski dalam Klasifikasi Menggunakan Metode KNN pada Data Iris
Authors: Setiawan Adi 
Published: June 2022

Dalam klasifikasi, ukuran kebaikan suatu metode ditentukan oleh akurasi dan skor F1. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan rata-rata akurasi dan skor F1 pada klasifikasi menggunakan metode KNN pada data Iris dengan bantuan program Python. Rata-rata akurasi maupun skor F1 ditentukan dengan membuat variasi parameter yang digunakan yaitu random state dari 1 sampai dengan 10000, k yang digunakan dalam metode KNN dari 1 sampai dengan 31 (tergantung prosentase data uji yang digunakan), q (definisi jarak yang digunakan yaitu jarak Manhattan, jarak Euclid, dan jarak Minkowski) serta persentase data uji yang digunakan. Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan persentase data uji 10%, 20 %, 30 %, dan 40 %. Jika digunakan k = 5 dalam metode KNN, variasi random state 1 sampai dengan 10000 dan digunakan data uji 20 % maka diperoleh akurasi rata-rata 96,6667 %. Demikian juga dapat diperoleh histogram dari akurasi tersebut. Histogram tersebut cenderung menceng ke kiri. Dalam penelitian ini, juga diperoleh hasil bahwa dengan melakukan variasi k dalam metode KNN juga dapat diperoleh akurasi maupun skor F1 yaitu bahwa makin besar data uji yang digunakan maka makin kecil nilai k untuk mencapai akurasi ataupun skor F1 maksimum. Lebih lanjut, dalam perubahan nilai p pada jarak Minkowski, apabila p membesar maka nilai maksimum rata-rata akurasi akan cenderung membesar namun nilai k cenderung mengecil.
Evaluation of weight-bearing, locomotion, thermal antinociception, and footpad size in a carrageenan-induced inflammatory model in the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)
Authors: Mikoni Nicole A. , Sanchez-Migallon Guzman David , Beaufrere Hugues , Paul-Murphy Joanne 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate a carrageenan-induced inflammatory model in the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) using weight-bearing load, rotational perch locomotion, thermal threshold withdrawal, and footpad dimensions.

ANIMALS
16 adult cockatiels (8 males and 8 females).

PROCEDURES
Cockatiels were randomly assigned into 2 groups as either treatment (carrageenan injection; n = 8) or control (handling only; 8). Treatment of cockatiels involved unilateral subcutaneous injection of 0.05 mL of 1% lambda carrageenan solution into the left footpad. Control birds were handled in a similar manner without an injection. Following baseline measurements and treatment or control procedures, posttreatment measurements at multiple time points involving weight-bearing perch load (for up to 336 hours), locomotive abilities when placed on a rotating perch (for up to 96 hours), thermal withdrawal threshold (for the 24- to 30-hour period), and both vertical and horizontal left footpad size and degree of swelling (for up to 84 days) were obtained.

RESULTS
Treatment cockatiels had a significant decrease in left foot weight-bearing load and increase in left footpad dimensions and swelling grade over time compared to control cockatiels. Rotational perch locomotion and thermal withdrawal threshold, conversely, did not differ significantly between groups. Cockatiels injected with carrageenan returned to normal weight-bearing within 2 weeks; however, left footpad dimensions did not return to baseline.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Carrageenan footpad injection prompts a measurable and grossly visible inflammatory response in the cockatiel. Additionally, it induces alterations in weight-bearing distribution in injected birds. This model provides a method to evaluate inflammation and lameness in small psittacine species.