bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of direct impact health indicators of COVID-19 in the scientific literature published between January 2020 and June 2021
Authors: Garriga C , Valero T , Diaz A , Rodriguez-Blazquez C , Forjaz MJ ,   PHIRI WP5.1collaboration group
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
The Joint Action Population Health Information Research Infrastructure (PHIRI) seeks to create infrastructures to generate quality data on the COVID-19 pandemic between European countries. The aim of this study is to present a synthesis of health indicators used to evaluate the direct impact of COVID-19

Methods
Scoping review using a common search strategy in Pubmed, Embase and WHO Covid-19 databases. Health indicators of direct impact of COVID-19 were obtained from observational studies in the general population, hospitals and long-term care facilities from papers published worldwide in English between 01/01/2020 and 06/31/2021. Titles and abstracts were screened first by 15 reviewers using the Rayyan tool. Any discrepancies were solved by agreement between reviewers. Then, articles containing indicators of direct impact were selected in a full-text reading phase. Of them, a random sample of 35 was drawn and their indicators were described.

Results
After eliminating 262 duplicates 3891 records were reviewed. Screening discarded 3171 abstracts. Of 720 articles sought for retrieval, 445 met inclusion criteria for indicators extraction. In a sample of 35 papers (8.1%), 116 direct impact indicators of COVID-19 were identified. 28 morbidity indicators were found, classified as indicators of prevalence (n = 15), incidence (6), transmissibility (4) and underreported infection (4); 32 of mortality (mortality rate, 9; case fatality rate, 17; time to death, 2); and 54 for severity (complications, 27; mechanical ventilation, 12; hospitalization, 8; requiring ICU admission, 1; time from hospitalization to ICU admission, 1). Two composite indicators of severity and mortality were also identified.

Conclusions
According to the scientific literature, a wide variety of health indicators has been used to measure the direct impact of COVID-19. The systematization of indicators used in the current COVID-19 pandemic could help for future health crises management.
Systematic review on digitals tools used for contact tracing of COVID-19 patients: interim results
Authors: Unim B , Zile-Velika I , Misins J , Pavlovska Z , Lapão L , Peyroteo M , Palmieri L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Contact tracing is a public health intervention implemented in synergy with other measures, such as testing, physical distancing, and vaccination, to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital solutions have been developed worldwide to enhance the contact tracing process. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of tracking COVID-19 patients using digital tools.

Methods
A systematic literature review was performed on eight online databases to identify observational studies on digital contact tracing, published 2020-2021, in English. Studies identified through the ‘Population Health Information Research Infrastructure’ project were also included. An ad hoc form has been deployed for data extraction of relevant information. Quality assessment of the included studies will be performed using validated tools.

Results
Over 8000 records were identified, of which 27 met the inclusion criteria: 16 modelling and 11 population-based studies. A study was based on GPS technology, four were Bluetooth-based, and others used digital technologies and manual tracing. The uptake rate of the tools ranged 19-100% across the studies. Most studies compared digital contact tracing with other strategies (e.g., no intervention, lockdown). Digital contact tracing was associated with improved identification of contact persons (9 studies), reduction of the effective reproduction number or covid-19 infections (8 studies), and increased effectiveness in combination with other containment measures (9 studies). Security and privacy issues were considered in 8 studies.

Conclusions
Digital contact tracing contributes in reducing further transmission, especially with sufficient population uptake of the applications and in combination with other public health measures. However, its deployment has been limited by security and privacy issues. Further studies are required to investigate the combined impact of digital and conventional contact tracing and enhance privacy and security.
A longitudinal study of how disability has affected survival in Swedish populations across 150 years
Authors: Junkka J , Namatovu F , Häggström Lundevaller E , Karhina K , Vikström L 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Studies from across the world report that disability jeopardizes people's health and increases the risk of premature death. The trend has been demonstrated in present-day populations but there has been little research about whether disability affected survival in historical populations. Our objective was to identify long-term developments in the relationship between disability and survival.

Methods
We focused on all causes of mortality in ages 25-42 among groups with any type of disability in Swedish populations in the 1800s, 1900s and 2000s. We used Cox proportional regression and longitudinal micro-level data, measuring both relative differences (HRs) and absolute differences (excess LYL) in premature mortality, across time by disability status and sex.

Results
Although the overall mortality declined profoundly in Sweden during the centuries studied, the strong association between disability and premature mortality persisted, generating a significant disability-survival gap that has held since the 1800s. The absolute difference in this gap narrowed only slightly during the 1900s, from excess LYL due to disability for men of 1.67 (CI 0.17-3.44) in the 1800s, to 0.69 (CI 0.54-0.85) in the 2000s, while for women the change was even smaller, from 1.24 (CI -0.46-3.12) to 0.59 (CI 0.43-0.69). However, the relative difference widened, particularly for women, from HR of 2.46 (CI 0.91-6.70) in the 1800s to HR 12.00 (CI 9.88-14.60) in the 2000s. For men we found a change in HR from 2.30 (CI 1.31-4.06) to 8.48 (CI 7.26-9.92).

Conclusions
Our study is unique in providing comprehensive results about how disability has limited survival for more than 150 years. In Sweden, fundamental societal changes and extensive welfare provisions promoting equality in health and social wellbeing of all citizens have not been enough to improve the survival of younger generations with disabilities.

Key messages
• The strong association between disability and premature mortality persisted from the 1800s to the 2000s.
• In Sweden, fundamental societal changes and extensive welfare provisions promoting equality in health have not improved survival of young adults with disabilities.
2.D. Workshop: The challenges of developing population health intervention research in cancer health promotion
Authors:   Organised by: French National Cancer Institute,   Chair persons: Jérôme Foucaud (France)
Published: October 2022

Abstract

As the leading cause of death in Europe and the second leading cause of death in North America, it is known that about 40% of cancers are preventable. Until recently, it was considered that if we know the risk factor, then we can act on it: experience has shown that this knowledge is necessary but insufficient to know how to act. Population health intervention research (PHIR), a ‘solution’ science, addresses this challenge. It is concerned with the design, implementation, evaluation, adaptation, transferability and durability of interventions aimed at improving the health of populations, in order to produce valid knowledge with a high potential for social and health impacts. This scientific approach apprehends interventions as ‘events in systems’ and challenges the methodological hegemony imposed for many years by the biomedical sciences.
Today, the development of PHIR in health promotion in the domain of cancer faces three major challenges:
– Policy;
– Methodology;
– Transferability.
Three complementary presentations are proposed, each of which will respond directly to these challenges and each of which will be based on concrete examples of implementation in the domain of cancer. The aim of this workshop is to offer a time for exchange and discussion on the challenges to be met in developing PHIR in health promotion, in the domain of cancer and at all stages of the disease, as an innovative model of research within an innovative paradigm shift. It will enable participants to clarify their conceptions of PHIR for the advancement of health promotion in oncology and to evolve these concepts in relation to these three key issues. An interactive format is proposed, including time for discussion based on participants’ perceptions and time for presentations.

Key messages
• PHIR: an effective scientific approach and a relevant tool for thinking about and developing health promotion policies in the field of cancer.
• a new research paradigm for cancer control based on intervention with populations to act on health determinants.
Intervention research in health promotion: methodological issues
Authors: Guillemin A-F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Intervention research in population health focuses on actions carried out by researchers in partnership with those involved in the intervention: health professionals, patients, carers, public policy makers and population communities. The diversity of actors shapes PHIR projects, testifies to the richness of this research and gives it a privileged place to analyse and intervene as accurately as possible in different contexts and populations. It also implies the need for a better understanding of how to intervene by considering the determinants of health in these interventions. PHIR in health promotion in the domain of cancer thus proposes a paradigm shift from describing the problem and its causes to intervention. RISP bases its theoretical anchors on the one hand on the contributions and models of public health, health promotion and human and social sciences and on the other hand, on its own contributions to theorise and build its own theoretical and methodological corpus. This presentation will aim to clarify this paradigm shift and five methodological challenges of PHIR: the imperialism of epidemiology as a research model; the evaluation models of PHIR and their polymorphism; the complexity of the objects of study; the partnership dynamics between researchers and field actors without which research cannot be carried out. Finally, the challenges of publication and valorisation of this type of research. Through concrete examples, participants will be invited to understand the challenges of the RISP methodology, and to analyse different concrete perspectives to address them. The first part will focus on identifying the participants’ representations of the methodological difficulties of PHIR. The second part will be an interactive presentation of 12 minutes, the last 2-3 minutes will be devoted to final questions.
Intervention research in health promotion: transferability issues, from project to structuring
Authors: Cousson-Gélie F 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The work carried out in intervention research has revealed the complexity of health interventions, particularly in health promotion. Even if these interventions are in themselves complex systems interacting with their context or ‘intervention systems’, PHIR is making considerable progress in understanding the mechanisms thus revealed, a key element for their transferability, which is an essential issue in public health.Transferability assesses the extent to which the outcome of a successful intervention, evaluated in one context, can be achieved in another context. It is through the concrete example of the interventional research that has made it possible to evaluate the transferability of the project ‘P2P, peer action for the prevention of smoking among high school students in vocational training”, that the issues presented in the two previous presentations will be analyzed. Using the example of this transferability study, which aimed to assess whether the P2P programme developed and conducted in the south of France is transferable to other regions and under what conditions, participants will be invited to analyse the conditions of this implementation. Thus, the question of the reproducibility of the effectiveness results with a similar population but in a different geographical context, implying differences in the functioning of the intervening structures and the high schools involved, but also in the characteristics of the high school students targeted, will be examined. After the presentation of the project and its transferability in different spaces, an interactive debate will be organised on the challenges of transferability.
(Re)thinking the city of proximity for Salutogenic purposes
Authors: Rebecchi A , Crespi F , Capolongo S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
As centres of population and human activities, nowadays urban environments are simultaneously the main cause of and solution to a growing number of health-related challenges. In this setting, COVID-19 pandemic has helped reiterate this and serves as a wake-up call and an opportunity to rethink the way we approach cities. Aim of this paper is to research what today seems the most promising urban model for long-term individual and global resilience: the “city of proximity”, namely about inclusive walkable and cycling environments where people can access all basic destinations within reasonable times and distances from home. Therefore, urban proximity dimension, methodological approach and urban features and functions become the main subject of a quanti-qualitative matrix of comparison of five international case studies centred on the topic, by which it is possible to set out general criteria for such model, along with a methodology to measure all cities in its respect. As a result, residential density, functional mix, pedestrian surface, cycle routes, public transport stops, green areas, schools, cultural facilities, sport facilities, retail services and urban gardens make up the fix components of a comprehensive set of 11+n urban features, whose occurrence is investigated through GIS-based analysis within designated distance ranges, creating a comprehensive assessment framework that is adjustable to all urban contexts worldwide. In the end, the application of such framework to the city of Milan finally helps to validate its effectiveness in providing a picture of city-wide accessibility to proximity services, and in highlighting the value of integrated analysis in view of shaping public policies and informed planning choices which put health and sustainability at the centre.
From Personal to Public Health - building Health Data Pipelines
Authors: Buttigieg S 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The creation of future proof infostructures requires a number of efforts on different levels within a health organisation. One important thing that we need to be genuinely realise and grow aware of is that there is an inherent need to move away from Excel Spreadsheets, Access Databases and legacy data tools (including paper) towards interoperable information systems that are focused on high-quality data coordination mechanisms, robust processes and documentation and most of all design of data flows that enable sustainable data collection and analysis. This hands-on session will inform users on the following elements:
– Doing a thorough situation analysis of your current data situation
– Design your health data pipeline - paper and imagination required
– Resources to help you design the ideal infostructure
– Setting your next steps forward
– Being aware of your organisational culture to ensure maximum success
Data protection and fairness by design
Authors: Rachadell J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Building a health data pipeline is an opportunity not only to review the efficiency of data flows and organisational processes but also to guarantee that the resulting data system incorporates data protection and fairness principles by design. This session will cover some key aspects of data protection and the principles of data fairness and ethics:
Transparency, simplicity and fairness
The importance of a diverse team with diverse expertise
Keeping the business objectives in mind and purpose limitation
Compliance with data protection directives (GDPR)
The development of HTA collaboration at European level and the challenge of the EU regulation
Authors: Ruether A , Petelos E 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Issue
The establishment of HTA has been an important topic in Europe for many years. The engagement of HTA agencies, scientists, politicians and many other stakeholders throughout more than 20 years lead to the EU-HTA regulation, which came into force beginning of 2022. Now it is time to prepare for a sustainable European Network for HTA.

Description
The implementation of HTA in Europe is of high importance of the EU-commission for more than 20 years. Started with the first projects in 1994 (EUR-ASSESS) it needed quite a bunch of different projects and, in the end, three joint actions for finally providing legal ground for HTA with the EU-HTA regulation. This journey seemed a long one. However, referring to the need of addressing the requirements of Health Care of 27 Member States combined with the demand of reliable high methodological quality and applicability, investing all the time and effort for a sustainable European Network of HTA was definitely worthwhile. Joint Scientific Consultation (JSC) and Joint Clinical Assessments (JCA) will play a central role for national HTA and decision making in health care. But for understanding role, content, national uptake and further development of means, products and results of a European Network for HTA it is quite important to get a perception of the development of HTA collaboration in Europe. Based on this the challenge of the EU-HTA regulation and its implementation will be tackled easier.

Effects
Through provision of the main pillars of the previous EU-HTA collaboration the appreciation and understanding of the differences and complexities behind the HTA processes in the EU-healthcare systems will made aware. Based on this understanding the challenges of the implementation of the EU-HTA regulation will be discussed.
“We will take money from anywhere to support our work”: industry funding of humanitarian assistance in crises
Authors: Makhoul J , El-Ashkar C , Nakkash R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Corporate funding has been described to be beneficial for humanitarian assistance in times of shrinking financial resources globally. Despite the growing global research on commercial determinants and their impact on population health, evaluations of corporate partnerships with humanitarian organizations and victims of multiple crises are rare. Conflicts of interest and corporate interference in public health policy and practice are well-documented. Health-harming industries are currently funding large scale projects for refugees in the eastern Mediterranean region which has witnessed humanitarian crises from armed conflicts. For example, food and beverage corporations and tobacco industries have funded projects to integrate migrants in their host countries, and offered educational scholarships to refugee children in Europe and beyond.

Methods
This research presents the experiences of humanitarian agencies in Lebanon on their funding from corporations, and the perceived influences on the populations served over a two-year period coinciding with a long-lasting refugee crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, an epic economic collapse and the devastation of a large part of Beirut from a cataclysmic explosion in its port. The study used qualitative in-depth interviews with representatives of non-governmental organizations working in Lebanon with Lebanese and refugees.

Results
Funding from corporations starts with a two-way communication process between the organizations and the corporations, which recently started to be initiated by the corporations themselves after the Beirut blast. Funding from the tobacco, food and beverage industries is reported to come with conditions described to enhance their visibility, yet described as necessary, helps disadvantaged communities and sustains the organizations’ operations. Other results relating to the availability of guidelines for detecting and managing COI from corporate funding are discussed.
Corporate Capture of the laws application in Colombia: a new form of capture for public policy actions
Authors: Salcedo Fidalgo H 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The law popularly known by the title ‘Junk Food’, was approved in Colombia in 2021 after years of advocacy from the Civil Society. Many authors as M. Mialon (2019, 2020, 2021) have documented the level of actions to intervene in the legislative space of the Parliament in Colombia created by the food industries to change the terms of the content of this law. Nowadays and after the approval of the text interpreted as a victory for Civil Society, Colombia is confronted with the re-regulation of the law, leading to a new form of capture: the capture of the spaces of decision-making actors in public health policy in the country. We present an analysis of the case from a follow-up study designed by our organization FIAN Colombia (human rights organization that advocates for the right to adequate food and nutrition). The data used in this process of monitoring and action research comes from the observational data of the advocacy scenario made during the debates of the law in the Colombian parliament, based on the proceedings of the work meetings with congressmen, academia and civil society. This research-action process makes it clear that the collective action of advocacy from civil society manages to mobilize conditions to denounce the corporate capture of decision-making spaces and the execution of public health policies, and generates pressures based on research free of conflict of interest to reduce this capture. Similarly, there is a capacity to demand accountability that was generated from this process in Colombia, and that turns out to be a pilot experience for other regions.