bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid formation of massive planetary cores in a pressure bump
Authors: Lau Tommy Chi Ho , Drążkowska Joanna , Stammler Sebastian M. , Birnstiel Tilman , Dullemond Cornelis P. 
Published: November 2022

Context. Models of planetary core growth by either planetesimal or pebble accretion are traditionally disconnected from the models of dust evolution and formation of the first gravitationally bound planetesimals. State-of-the-art models typically start with massive planetary cores already present.
Aims. We aim to study the formation and growth of planetary cores in a pressure bump, motivated by the annular structures observed in protoplanetary disks, starting with submicron-sized dust grains.
Methods. We connect the models of dust coagulation and drift, planetesimal formation in the streaming instability, gravitational interactions between planetesimals, pebble accretion, and planet migration into one uniform framework.
Results. We find that planetesimals forming early at the massive end of the size distribution grow quickly, predominantly by pebble accretion. These few massive bodies grow on timescales of ~100 000 yr and stir the planetesimals that form later, preventing the emergence of further planetary cores. Additionally, a migration trap occurs, allowing for retention of the growing cores.
Conclusions. Pressure bumps are favourable locations for the emergence and rapid growth of planetary cores by pebble accretion as the dust density and grain size are increased and the pebble accretion onset mass is reduced compared to a smooth-disc model.
Spatial and dynamical structure of the NGC 2264 star-forming region
Authors: Flaccomio E. , Micela G. , Peres G. , Sciortino S. , Salvaggio E. , Prisinzano L. , Guarcello M. G. , Venuti L. , Bonito R. , Pillitteri I. 
Published: November 2022

Context. The formation of stars within molecular clouds and the early stages of stellar evolution (e.g., mass accretion and disk dispersal) are all active research topics. The target of this study, NGC 2264, is a benchmark star-forming region in which these issues can be profitably studied.
Aims. We revisit the structure, dynamics, and star-forming history of NGC 2264 in order to advance our understanding of the processes that lead from molecular clouds to protostars, stellar associations, and the evolution of both.
Methods. We assembled a new extensive sample of NGC 2264 members. To this end we used new X-ray data obtained with the XMM-Newton telescope, Gaia eDR3 data, and an extensive collection of public and published catalogs. Following a previous suggestion that the star-forming region might extend significantly beyond the better studied areas, our search covers a wide 2.5×2.5 degrees region in the sky.
Results. Our catalog comprises more than 2200 candidate members, which is a ∼100% increase over previous determinations. We analyze their spatial distribution and define new substructures. Using Gaia parallaxes we estimate a new average distance to NGC 2264 of 722±2 pc and suggest that the embedded Spokes subregion is ∼20 pc farther away within the molecular cloud. A complex dynamics is unveiled by the available proper motions and radial velocities: we observe signs of global expansion and rotation. At the same time, we observe the collapse and coalescence of two substructures in a region where active star formation is taking place. The fraction of stars with disks and of those undergoing circumstellar accretion varies significantly across the field, suggesting that star formation has been occurring for several million years. A particularly low accretion disk fraction around the O VII star S Mon might be attributed to external disk photoevaporation or to an older age of the stars in the region.
Conclusions. NGC 2264 is not dynamically relaxed and its present configuration is the result of multiple dynamical processes. The cloud has been forming stars for several million years and we identify the process that is likely responsible for the ongoing formation activity.
Septorhinoplasty and the Late Impact on Olfactory Function: A Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sousa Francisco Alves de , Santos Mariline , Correia João Tavares , Pinto Ana Nóbrega , Meireles Luís , Ferreira Miguel 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSeptorhinoplasty (SRP) is one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide. There is a recognized debate about the impact of nasal surgery on olfactory function (OF). The study's objective was to assess the effect of SRP on late postoperative OF. A comprehensive review and meta-analysis were employed to assess OF after SRP. All the integrated studies used objective instruments to quantify OF before and after surgery. A literature search was conducted, and the selected works were evaluated, computed, and finally included in a meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using the NIH Guidance for Evaluating the Quality of Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies with No Control Group. Only the latest follow-up OF measurements provided by each research were considered in the analysis. The 95% confidence interval of the effect magnitude for each study was calculated to elucidate effect sizes. Eleven studies were included in the analysis. Five studies reported late OF improvement (45.5%), five reported no alteration in OF (45.5%), and only one study reported OF impairment after SRP (9%). Some works described a transitory decline in OF shortly following surgery, followed by postoperative improvement. A pooled meta-analysis showed that OF was not significantly altered after SRP (p = 0.10) in the late follow-up. SRP surgery seems to constitute a safe procedure concerning OF in the long term. According to research, OF may deteriorate temporarily after surgery with later improvement, sometimes to higher values than baseline. The anticipated evolution of OF after intervention could be discussed during the preoperative consultation for SRP.
Straightforward Synthesis of the Pentasaccharide Repeating Unit of the O-Antigenic Polysaccharide from the Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O142
Authors: Misra Anup Kumar , Jana Swapan Kumar , Shit Pradip 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe pentasaccharide repeating unit rich in 2-acetamido sugars corresponding to the O-antigenic polysaccharide from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been synthesized as the p-methoxyphenyl glycoside in excellent yield using a sequential glycosylation strategy. Regioselective glycosylation, use of a single monosaccharide intermediate in multiple glycosylations, and use of thioglycosides as glycosyl donors in the presence of a combination of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) and perchloric acid supported over silica (HClO4–SiO2) are key components of the synthetic strategy. All glycosylation reactions were high-yielding with excellent stereochemical outcome.
Approach to Lymphedema Management
Authors: Lin Walter C. , Safa Bauback , Buntic Rudolf F. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMillions of people worldwide suffer from lymphedema. In developed nations, lymphedema most commonly stems secondarily from oncologic treatment, but may also result from trauma. More recently, lymphedema has been identified in patients after gender-affirmation phalloplasty reconstruction. Regardless of the etiology, the underlying pathophysiology involves blockage of lymphatic flow, resulting in lymph stasis, thus triggering a cascade of inflammation culminating in fibrosis and adipose deposition. Recent technical advances led to the refinement of physiologic and reductive surgeries—including lymphovenous anastomosis and free functional lymphatic transfer, which collectively encompass a variety of flap procedures including lymph node transfer, lymph channel transfer, and lymphatic system transfer. This article provides a summary of our approach in the assessment and management of the lymphedema patient, including detailed intraoperative photography and imaging, in addition to advanced technical considerations in physiologic reconstruction.
Getting started
Authors: Gurzynski-Weiss Laura , Kim YouJin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This introductory chapter orients the reader to both instructed second language acquisition (ISLA) and research methods in general. We begin with an operationalization of ISLA, followed by an outline of the main research questions and overarching goals within ISLA, and specification of the differences between an applied orientation to research and simply drawing pedagogical implications. In the second half of the chapter, we move into the nature and ultimate aims of research (i.e., theoretical, empirical, applied), in general, and for the specific field of ISLA. We highlight the importance of connecting to and building off prior work and how research contributions must be connected to disciplinary discussions as well as previous scholarly work as well as being ethically sound. Finally, we outline the basics of research decision-making and walk the reader through each of the principal considerations during the design phase of a study.
Unique considerations for ISLA research across approaches
Authors: Gurzynski-Weiss Laura , Kim YouJin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
In this chapter, which comprises Section III, we discuss several of the most important and impactful considerations that can affect ISLA research design, implementation, and interpretation across methodological approaches. We unpack the use of intact classes, small sample sizes, and recruiting one’s current students as participants. We highlight how to reduce a potential observer effect and what additional limitations one may introduce by having others collect your data. Additionally, we discuss the need to measure learner and teacher individual differences, specifying which are most likely at play in an L2 classroom and what methodological options are robust and realistic for measurement. We then unpack the risk for outside exposure to a given target structure in longitudinal designs, for example, and how to measure potential outside influences. We discuss the reality of heterogeneous prior knowledge and the importance of continuing to recalibrate ISLA research to a bi/multilingual norm. Finally, we move into a step-by-step example of the decision-making necessary when conducting an ISLA study, suggest resources in the field, and provide links to further reading. Throughout the chapter, we include a focus on research ethics particularly relevant for ISLA.
Pronunciation
Authors: Lee Andrew H. , Thomson Ron I. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This chapter discusses research methods in the domain of instructed second language (L2) pronunciation. After explaining what pronunciation is and why it is important, the chapter provides an overview of the current consensus surrounding instructed L2 pronunciation research, including major linguistic targets, speech modalities, and instructional techniques in both classroom- and laboratory-based studies, in addition to their effects on the acquisition of L2 pronunciation. It then introduces a range of speech elicitation instruments used in instructed L2 pronunciation research, followed by a discussion of approaches to L2 speech data analysis. The chapter also proposes future directions in instructed L2 pronunciation research and multiple venues in which L2 pronunciation researchers can disseminate their findings, while urging researcher-practitioner collaboration for evidence-based L2 pronunciation teaching. Finally, it concludes by shedding light on the importance of methodological rigor and offering troubleshooting strategies in instructed L2 pronunciation research.
Listening
Authors: Suvorov Ruslan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Out of the four language skills, listening is generally deemed to be the least understood and most under-researched (Aryadoust, Kumaran et al., 2020), partly due to its complex and ephemeral nature. Given that neither the process nor the product of instructed L2 listening can be directly observed (Brown & Abeywickrama, 2019), understanding L2 listening development and learners’ performance on listening tasks poses a number of challenges for language educators and researchers alike. Traditionally, listening has been measured indirectly by analyzing its products, such as responses to comprehension questions, whereas research on the processes underlying L2 listening has been lacking (Vandergrift, 2010). Aiming to encourage the use of process-oriented approaches to investigating L2 listening, this chapter summarizes key research trends that are of particular relevance for ISLA and discusses four main methods that can be utilized for data collection and analysis in process-oriented L2 listening studies. The chapter concludes with step-by-step guidelines for implementing eye tracking into L2 listening studies and some additional recommendations for researchers interested in embarking on this type of research.
Palestinian Arabic in the diaspora
Authors: Abou Taha Yasmine , Levey Stephen 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Using a comparative sociolinguistic framework, the present investigation addresses contact between Palestinian and Lebanese Arabic in Beirut. The investigation targets the variable raising of /a:/ to [e:] in word-medial position, claimed to be a stereotypical feature of Lebanese Arabic, which is reportedly infiltrating the Palestinian Arabic spoken by the local refugee population. Incorporating extra-linguistic parameters of contact into the investigation as well as an apparent-time component as a check on linguistic change, the study compares Lebanese and Palestinian speech data to determine the extent to which the linguistic conditioning of the target variable in Lebanese Arabic is replicated by speakers of Palestinian Arabic. Results suggest that the variable use of word-medial raised [e:] in Palestinian Arabic is the product of contact with the majority Lebanese variety and that this development can be characterized as an off-the-shelf change insofar as it is relatively accessible to those speakers who adopt it.
Variability of nominal genitives in Casablanca Moroccan Arabic
Authors: Prazeres Robert 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper uses sociolinguistic variationist methods to quantitatively analyze patterns of nominal genitive usage in natural speech data from Casablanca Moroccan Arabic. The two variants of nominal genitives, the analytic genitive (involving a genitive exponent /dja:l/ or /d/) and the synthetic genitive (or construct state) are examined using multivariate analysis. Results show that the synthetic genitive is highly correlated with inalienable possession, as previous literature claims. The analytic is predominant overall when the possessor is a lexical noun, partly supporting claims that Moroccan Arabic uses it the most, but the synthetic is still dominant with pronoun possessors.
Contextualizing fluency in advanced spoken learner language
Authors: Götz Sandra , Wolk Christoph , Jäschke Katja 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The present study investigates four types of core fluencemes (filled and unfilled pauses, discourse markers and repeats) in four components of the Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage (Gilquin et al. 2010). We test these fluencemes for (1) possible transfer effects, (2) the effect of task type, (3) the influence of the communicative behavior of the interlocutor and (4) other linguistic and non-linguistic variables. Our findings reveal L1 transfer effects for all variables, while learning context variables have a stable positive effect on learner fluency. Task type does not reveal unidirectional effects, while the communicative behavior of the interlocutor turned out to have a significant effect on the learners’ performance, indicating that processes of ‘confluence’ are at play.
Effects of electric field on Rayleigh limit of nanoscale water droplets: molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Zhang Ming , Xiao Menghan , Han Feng , Jiang Li , Li Chuan , Wang Pengyu , Liao Yuanxu , Pan Yuan 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nanoscale charged water droplets play a significant role in many physical processes, including cloud electrification and electrospray ionization, which have become one research focus. Generally, the maximum value of charge that a droplet can carry is called Rayleigh limit. Here, we investigate the effect of electric field (<0.5 V nm−1) on Rayleigh limit of nanoscale water droplets (r < 5 nm) by molecular dynamics simulation and theoretically qualitative analysis. In the simulation, Rayleigh limit of nanoscale water droplets under various electric fields is investigated based on optimal point charge water model by GROMACS package code. Our study demonstrates that electric field could affect Rayleigh limit by generating the induced charge, changing the surface tension and the droplet shape. Further, we propose the modified Rayleigh limit formula under electric field, with considering the potential energy of deformed charged droplet under strong electric field. The modified formula can qualitatively explain the abnormal trend that Rayleigh limit of nanoscale water droplet (r > 3 nm) decreases first and then increases with the electric field (<0.5 V nm−1) in the simulation.
Simultaneous background-oriented schlieren and retroreflective shadowgraph visualization
Authors: Talluru K M , Kleine H 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper describes a large-scale visualization system that can simultaneously produce background-oriented schlieren (BOS) images and retroreflective shadowgrams (RS) of a compressible flow. The simultaneous measurements with BOS and RS in two optically equal systems allowed a direct comparison of the performance of the two methods and to quantify the relative differences, primarily with respect to identifying the broad range of length scales in a turbulent compressible flow. Further, direct comparisons are made between the schlieren image obtained from the BOS measurement, the displacement map obtained by subtracting a no-flow image from the unprocessed BOS record, the divergence of the BOS displacement field (the latter two are forms of a BOS-generated shadowgram), and the simultaneously obtained direct shadowgram from the RS setup. A qualitative comparison of the results indicated that all the three methods (BOS schlieren, direct difference, and divergence of the BOS-schlieren record) can capture the large-scale flow structures but that the smaller scales in the plume can only be resolved to a much lesser extent. These structures were, however, easily resolved in the RS images. The results show that, in the described system, the resolution of the BOS images is lower than that of the shadowgrams by a factor of about five. Further tests indicate that these differences in the spatial resolution of the BOS technique cannot be removed using a different design of the random-dot background pattern. These observations apply to the used large-scale system in which a minimum distance between the observed object and each of the two screens (background pattern/reflective) has to be maintained. This constraint also meant that neither system could be optimized with respect to spatial resolution.
Tuning of the electronic and vibrational properties of epitaxial MoS2 through He-ion beam modification
Authors: Parida Shayani , Wang Yongqiang , Zhao Huan , Htoon Han , Kucinski Theresa Marie , Chubarov Mikhail , Choudhury Tanushree , Redwing Joan Marie , Dongare Avinash , Pettes Michael Thompson 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), like MoS2 with high carrier mobilities and tunable electron dispersions, are unique active material candidates for next generation opto-electronic devices. Previous studies on ion irradiation show great potential applications when applied to two-dimensional (2D) materials, yet have been limited to micron size exfoliated flakes or smaller. To demonstrate the scalability of this method for industrial applications, we report the application of relatively low power (50 keV) 4He+ ion irradiation towards tuning the optoelectronic properties of an epitaxially grown continuous film of MoS2 at the wafer scale, and demonstrate that precise manipulation of atomistic defects can be achieved in TMD films using ion implanters. The effect of 4He+ ion fluence on the PL and Raman signatures of the irradiated film provides new insights into the type and concentration of defects formed in the MoS2 lattice, which are quantified through ion beam analysis. PL and Raman spectroscopy indicate that point defects are generated without causing disruption to the underlying lattice structure of the 2D films and hence, this technique can prove to be an effective way to achieve defect-mediated control over the opto-electronic properties of MoS2 and other 2D materials.
On the efficiency of induced prestressing in SMA mortar beams through different thermal stimuli
Authors: Choi Eunsoo , Ostadrahimi Alireza , Lee Jong-Han , Jeon Jong-Su 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
This paper investigates the efficiency of prestressing effect on the flexural performance of reinforced mortar beams through different heating methods. To this end, different specimens reinforced by 1.0% and 1.5% volume fractions crimped shape memory alloy fibers as well as diverse internal and external heating sources are employed. Time-deflection relationships during heating and cooling of specimens are extracted to evaluate the amount of induced prestressing force in each specimen via different heating process. Upon developing prestressing force in the reinforced mortar beams, we carry out several three-point bending tests to study the flexural behavior of mortar beams and compare the material parameters with the reinforced specimens in the absent of prestressing force. The results show that internal heating source using electric current in comparison with external heating via heat gun could be faster and more uniform across the beams cross section contributing to a higher potential capacity in terms of stimulating recovery stress and subsequently boosting ductility and toughness of the composites.
Natural convection and heat transfer of micropolar hybrid nanofluid over horizontal, inclined and vertical thin needle with power-law varying boundary heating conditions
Authors: Sen S S S , Das M , Nayak M K , Makinde O D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The current investigation may be utilized significantly in the modern industrial technologies to provide better cooling environment in the outer surface as well as micro scale level such as blood transportation, lubrication, wind velocity measurement, wire coating, and aerodynamics etc. The present problem explores the various aspects of natural convection flow and heat transfer of micropolar hybrid nanofluid. The fluid flow is taken for horizontal, inclined and vertical positions of moving thin needle under quadratic thermal radiation effects. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized by using relevant similarity transformations. BVP4C in MATLAB use these equations to obtain the required solutions. These solutions help in analysing the important aspects of the flow i.e., velocity, microrotation, temperature, skin friction and Nusselt number profiles for different parameters utilizing graphical representation. From these results we observe that velocity of the fluid velocity has been declined with rise in magnetic parameter. The reverse trend is the result for temperature profile in response to Sundry radiation parameter. Further, heat transfer rate is intensified at all positions of moving thin needle subject to power law variation of surface heat flux than power law variation of wall temperature.