bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the stem bark of jambu mawar (Syzygium jambos)
Authors: ‘AINI KURRATUL , ELFITA ELFITA , WIDJAJANTI HARY , SETIAWAN ARUM , KURNIAWATI ALFIA R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract. ‘Aini K, Elfita, Widyajanti H, Setiawan A, Kurniawati AR. 2021. Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the stem bark of jambu mawar (Syzygium jambos). Biodiversitas 23: 521-532. Syzygium jambos (jambu mawar) is widely used in South Sumatra as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases, including pathogenic bacterial infections. Literature studies report that parts of S. jambos have been used worldwide for treating diarrhea accompanied by fever, dysentery, sore throat, diabetes, and other infectious diseases. Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants have high diversity, and the biological activity of their secondary metabolites is associated with their host. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the diversity of endophytic fungi from the stem bark of S. jambos and the antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi. Fungal isolates with high antibacterial activity were identified to obtain fungal species, and the structure of their compounds was determined. The disc diffusion method carried the antibacterial activity test against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) bacteria. Characteristics of endophytic fungi were identified microscopically and macroscopically. Active endophytic fungi were identified by molecular analysis of the internal transcribed region (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA. Isolation of antibacterial compounds using chromatographic techniques and determination of chemical structures using spectroscopy was performed. Eight endophytic fungi were obtained from the stem bark of S. jambos, namely SJ1–SJ8. The endophytic fungus SJ6 showed the highest activity and base on phylogenetic analysis, was identified as Fusarium verticillioides. Pure compounds isolated as yellowish-white solids showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. typhi with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 64 g/mL each. Based on 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis, compound 1 was identified as 3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2-on.
Mach–Zehnder-Sagnac interferometric curvature sensor based on polarization-maintaining multi-mode fiber using a specified core offset
Authors: Ruan Juan , Li Haiping , Zhu Jianfeng 
Published: August 2022

An interferometric bending sensor based on polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) in combination with multi-mode fiber (MMF) is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. One end of MMF was fusion spliced to PMF, and the other was fusion spliced to the single mode fiber (SMF) pigtail of a 3 dB optical fiber coupler with a core offset. One stress zone in lead-out Panda type PMF was intentionally aligned and fusion spliced to the core of SMF to enhance mode coupling. A pronounced interference pattern with a fringe contrast of 28.1 dB was obtained, and a bending sensitivity of

18.66

n
m

/

m

−
1

was achieved experimentally. Such a bending sensor with easy fabrication could be a potential candidate for curvature measurements.
Assessment of Tennessee’s county-level vulnerability to hepatitis C virus and HIV outbreaks using socioeconomic, healthcare, and substance use indicators
Authors: Vakili Jessica , Sizemore Lindsey , Rebeiro Peter F. , Tyndall Ben , Talley Pamela , Whaley Kristyn , Brantley Meredith 
Published: August 2022

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and injection drug use are syndemic in the central Appalachian states. In Tennessee (TN), declines in HIV among persons who inject drugs (PWID) stalled, and HCV infection rates increased significantly from 2013–2017. To better target strategies to address the syndemic, county-level socioeconomic, opioid use, access to healthcare, and health factors were modeled to identify indicators predictive of vulnerability to an HIV/HCV outbreak among PWID in TN.

Methods
Newly reported chronic HCV cases among persons aged 13–39 years in 2016–2017 were used as a proxy for county-level HIV/HCV vulnerability among TN’s 95 counties. Seventy-five publicly available county-level measures from 2016–2017 were collected and reduced through multiple dimension reduction techniques. Negative binomial regression identified indicators associated with HCV which were used to calculate county-level vulnerability to a local HIV/HCV outbreak.

Results
Thirteen county-level indicators were identified as strongly predictive of HIV/HCV vulnerability with the statistically significant indicators being percentage of the population aged 20–44 years, per capita income, teen birth rate, percentage of clients in TDMHSAS-funded opioid treatment and recovery, syphilis case rate, and percentage of homes with at least one vehicle. Based on the 13 indicators, we identified the distribution of vulnerability to an HIV/HCV outbreak among TN’s counties. Eleven high vulnerability counties were identified, with the preponderance located in east and middle TN.

Conclusion
This analysis identified the county-level factors most associated with vulnerability to an HIV/HCV outbreak among PWID in TN. These results, alongside routine surveillance, will guide targeted prevention and linkage to care efforts for the most vulnerable communities.
Prevalence of modifiable risk factors of tuberculosis and their population attributable fraction in Iran: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sadeghi Kamal , Poorolajal Jalal , Doosti-Irani Amin 
Published: August 2022

Background
The mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is necessary for the morbidity of tuberculosis (TB), but it is insufficient. Many risk factors increase the risk of disease among infected people. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of modifiable risk factors of TB and their related population attributable fraction (PAF) in the marginal population of Markazi province in Iran.

Design
In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of the modifiable risk factors of TB was estimated. We designed and validated a questionnaire to determine the risk factors. The measures of association for the modifiable risk factors of TB were obtained via the review of published literature. We calculated the PAF for each modifiable risk factor.

Results
Out of the 1275 calculated sample size, 1146 people participated in this study, and the participation rate was 89.9%. The mean age was 39.26. Out of 1146 participants, 76% did not know anything regarding TB. The highest prevalence was related to the lack of physical activity (58.73%), lack of fish consumption (50.79%), lack of red meat consumption (21.20%), and secondhand smoke (19.02%). The highest PAF was related to secondhand smoke; this value based on the crude relative risk (RR) and crude odds ratio (OR) was 24.54% and 23.44%, respectively. Based on crude hazard ratio (HR) and crude OR, the PAF for smoking was 14.81% and 11.19%, respectively. PAF for lack of BCG vaccination based on the crude OR was 14.79%.

Conclusion
Based on this study’s results, poor nutrition, secondhand smoke, smoking, lack of BCG vaccination, and diabetes are the main prevalent modifiable risk factors for TB. The highest PAF for TB was related to secondhand smoke, smoking, lack of BCG vaccination, and diabetes.
Adaptation of a school-based mental health program for adolescents in Vietnam
Authors: La Nga Linh , Shochet Ian , Tran Thach , Fisher Jane , Wurfl Astrid , Nguyen Nga , Orr Jayne , Stocker Ruby , Nguyen Huong 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Cultural adaptation of a school-based mental health intervention developed in a high-income country is a cost-effective method to address the mental health needs of adolescents in resource-constrained settings. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Resourceful Adolescent Program for Adolescents (RAP-A) for adolescents attending high school in Vietnam.

Methods
The translation and adaptation were conducted using a five-step process including (1) initial stakeholder consultation, (2) forward translation, (3) backward translation, (4) adaptation, and (5) finalising the adapted version. An adaptation panel was established, including the RAP-A authors and mental health and public health experts from Australia, and psychology and public health experts from Vietnam. The panel collaborated closely with a group of stakeholders, including bilingual psychologists and psychiatrists, high school (grades 10–12) students and teachers throughout the adaptation process.

Results
The adapted version of RAP-A was named ‘Happy House’. Happy House was adapted to be delivered in larger groups and in longer sessions than the RAP-A. The 11 sessions in RAP-A were restructured to 6 sessions in Happy House. Major changes were not required for any of the materials. However, some content, illustrations and videos were adapted to be more feasible for the school context and to enhance the comprehensibility, acceptability and appropriateness.

Conclusion
Happy House has great potential to be relevant, comprehensible and acceptable for Vietnamese adolescents. Further research is warranted to examine the relevance, comprehensibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of this program on adolescents’ mental health before advocating for scaling up program delivery in high schools throughout Vietnam.
Evaluation of serum uric acid and liver function tests among pregnant women with and without preeclampsia at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Hassen Fethya Seid , Malik Tabarak , Dejenie Tadesse Asmamaw 
Published: August 2022

Background
Pre-eclampsia can be described as new-onset hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg) together with proteinuria (24-hr urinary protein ≥ 0.3 g) or any indication of end-organ damage after 20 weeks of gestation. Liver and kidney dysfunction, thrombocytopenia, pulmonary edema, and neurologic dysfunction are common manifestations of end-organ damage due to pre-eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia is the most common cause of liver and kidney dysfunction due to hypoxia and endothelial dysfunction. Hyperuricemia indicates kidney dysfunction and is considered a predictor of the severity of preeclampsia. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the utility of the levels of serum uric acid and liver function tests [alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)] as biomarkers of preeclampsia-related organ damage.

Methods and materials
An institutional-based comparative cross-sectional study design was conducted, and a total of 102 subjects (51 patients with preeclampsia and 51 normotensive pregnant women) were recruited. The parameters measured were levels of serum uric acid and liver function tests.

Results and discussion
There were statistically significant differences in the mean serum uric acid, ALT, and AST levels between preeclamptic pregnant women and normotensive pregnant women (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the mean total and direct bilirubin levels. There was also a significant difference in mean serum uric acid, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase levels across different gestational age categories.

Conclusion
Our study revealed that serum uric acid, ALT, and AST levels were higher in pre-eclamptic pregnant women compared to those of normotensive pregnant women, and the differences were statistically significant. As such, serum uric acid and liver function tests may be considered biomarkers of pre-eclampsia-related end-organ damage.
Shift work and sleep duration are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in a predominantly Latinx population with high rates of obesity
Authors: Larson Jeannette M. , Bazalakova Mihaela H. , Godecker Amy , DelBeccaro Melanie , Aagaard Kjersti M. , Antony Kathleen M. 
Published: August 2022

Background
Shift work has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between sleep disturbances and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods and findings
This was a secondary analysis of a prospective study of participants enrolled in a prospective observational study wherein gravidae were screened for sleep apnea (2010–2012). A screening questionnaire with standard sleep apnea questionnaires as well as novel items about shift work and nocturnal sleep duration was administered at a prenatal care visit. Short sleep duration was defined as less than 7 hours. Prolonged sleep duration was defined as greater than 9 hours.
In a cohort of 1125 pregnant people, 9.4% reported shift work at the time of screening. Gravidae who reported shift work were more likely than gravidae who reported no shift work to develop preeclampsia (28.3% versus 13.0%, P<0.001), preeclamspsia with severe features (16.0% versus 8.5%, P = 0.010), gestational diabetes (28.3% versus 19.9%, P = 0.041), and a composite of adverse obstetric outcomes (61.3% versus 47.8%, P = 0.008). After adjusting for potentially confounding variables, shift work was associated with an increased risk for preeclampsia with (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.70, 95% CI 1.03–2.79, p = 0.036) and without (aRR 2.03, 95% CI 1.43–2.90, p<0.001) severe features, and gestational diabetes mellitus class A1 (aRR 1.47, 95% CI 1.05–2.05, p = 0.023) and class A2 (aRR 1.67, 95% CI 1.13–2.44, p = 0.009). Sleep duration was associated with gestational diabetes (31.3% among those with short sleep duration, 25.2% among those with normal sleep duration and 14.0% among those with prolonged sleep duration, P<0.001) and gestational diabetes class A2 (29.5%, 17.9%, and 10.1%, respectively, P<0.001). Gravidae with prolonged sleep duration experienced less composite adverse pregnancy outcomes at 42.6% compared to 57.4% for those with short sleep duration or 52.5% for those with normal sleep duration, P = 0.002.

Conclusions
Shift work and sleep duration are both associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further research on the impact of sleep disturbance on pregnancy outcomes is warranted.
Improving wellness: Defeating Impostor syndrome in medical education using an interactive reflective workshop
Authors: Ogunyemi Dotun , Lee Tommy , Ma Melissa , Osuma Ashley , Eghbali Mason , Bouri Natalie 
Published: August 2022

Background
Impostor syndrome is characterized by fraudulent self-doubt and correlates with burnout, and adverse mental health.

Objective
The objective was to investigate correlates of Impostor syndrome in a medical education cohort and determine if an interactive workshop can improve knowledge and perception of Impostor syndrome.

Methods
From June 2019 to February 2021 interactive educational workshops were conducted for medical education cohorts. Participants completed baseline knowledge and Impostor syndrome self-identification surveys, participated in interactive presentations and discussions, followed by post-intervention surveys.

Results
There were 198 participants including 19% residents, 10% medical students, 30% faculty and 41% Graduate Medical Education (GME) administrators. Overall, 57% were positive for Impostor syndrome. Participants classified as the following Impostor syndrome competence subtypes: Expert = 42%; Soloist = 34%; Super-person = 31%; Perfectionist = 25%; and Natural Genius = 21%. Self-identified contributors of IS included: parent expectations = 72%, female gender = 58%, and academic rat race = 37%. GME administrators compared to physicians/medical students had significantly higher number of self-identified contributors to Impostor syndrome. Knowledge survey scores increased from 4.94 (SD = 2.8) to 5.78 (2.48) post intervention (p = 0.045). Participants with Impostor syndrome competence subtypes had increased perceptions of Impostor syndrome as a cause of stress, failure to reach full potential, and negative relationships/teamwork (p = 0.032 -<0.001).

Conclusion
Impostor syndrome was common in this medical education cohort, and those with Impostor syndrome significantly attributed negative personal and professional outcomes to Impostor syndrome. An interactive workshop on Impostor syndrome can be used to increase perceptions and knowledge regarding Impostor syndrome. The materials can be adapted for relevance to various audiences.
Clinical and biological prognostic factors in follicular lymphoma patients
Authors: Jóna Ádám , Kenyeres Anna , Barna Sándor , Illés Árpád , Simon Zsófia 
Published: August 2022

Introduction
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, yet heterogeneous, B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Although most FL patients respond well to treatment, few with specific traits have a poor prognosis; the latter are difficult to define.

Patients and methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from 143 FL patients treated at the University of Debrecen since 2009 and investigated prognostic factors that may influence the survival of FL patients.

Results
A maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) cut-off of 9.85 at the staging positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) (p = 0.0001, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.2535, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1118–0.4878) and a lymphocyte/monocyte (Ly/Mo) ratio of 3.41 (p = 0.0027, HR: 2.997, 95% CI: 1.463–6.142), drawn at diagnosis, significantly predicted FL patients’ progression-free survival (PFS). A staging SUVmax >9.85 with Ly/Mo <3.41 could delineate a high-risk group of FL patients (p<0.0001, HR: 0.0957, 95% CI: 0.03416–0.2685). Similarly, a significant difference was shown with an SUVmax cut-off of 3.15 at the interim PET/CT (p<0.0001, HR: 0.1614, 95% CI: 0.06684–0.3897). A staging SUVmax >9.85 in conjunction with interim SUVmax >3.15 predicted poor prognosis (p<0.0001, HR: 0.1037, 95% CI: 0.03811–0.2824). The PFS difference was translated into overall survival (OS) advantage (p = 0.0506, HR: 0.1187, 95% CI: 0.01401–1.005).

Conclusion
Biological prognostic factors, such as the Ly/Mo ratio, may improve the prognostic assessment of staging PET/CT. The survival advantage observed in PFS is translated into OS when determined using a combination of staging and interim SUVmax. We recommend investigating additional biological prognostic factors while highlighting the role of PET/CT in FL.
Revisão Sistemática: Prevenções ao Uso Abusivo de Drogas no Contexto Escolar Brasileiro / Systematic Review: About Drug Abuse Prevention in the Brazilian School Context
Authors: Barbosa Vilkiane Natercia Malherme , De Lavor Filho Tadeu Lucas , Moura Júnior James Ferreira , Pinto Alexandro Rodrigues , Köptcke Luciana Sepúlveda 
Published: August 2022

Resumo: O objetivo é apresentar uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica que busca compreender a partir da literatura levantada quais as concepções e/ou estratégias que têm sido desenvolvidas a respeito da prevenção de álcool, crack e outras drogas em contexto escolar com adolescentes e os fatores de risco envoltos ao uso. Pela base BVS e Periódico Capes (2006-2016), a partir de critérios de inclusão/exclusão, foram recuperados e analisados 19 trabalhos. Os estudos abordam os fatores de risco e proteção relacionados ao uso de drogas e a relação destes com as abordagens realizadas em contexto escolar em relação às drogas, a partir de ações de Educação em Saúde. Entre as principais contribuições apresentadas estão possibilidades de intervenções ancoradas em métodos interventivos para a promoção em saúde com enfoque na participação ativa dos adolescentes. Constatou-se a necessidade de investimento em processos contínuos de educação em saúde que incluam a formação de professores para atuação na temática de drogas.Palavras-chave: Drogas; Educação; Educação em saúde; Escola. Abstract: The aim of this study was to present a systematic review that seeks to understand, from the scientific literature, which conceptions and / or strategies have been developed in the prevention of alcohol and other drugs in the school context with adolescents and the related risk factors. Based on the VHL and Periódico Capes database (2006-2016), based on eligibility criteria, 19 studies were retrieved and analyzed. The studies address the risk and protection factors related to drug use and the relationship with approaches carried out in the school context on drugs, based on Health Education actions. The main contributions presented are interventions anchored in interventional methods for health promotion with focus on the active participation of adolescents. There was a need to invest in continuous health education processes that include the training of teachers to work on drugs.Keywords: Drugs; Education; Health education; School.
The Proper Treatment of Cash Holdings in DCF Valuation Theory and Practice
Authors: Canessa James L. , Jarrell Gregg A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model is widely used for valuing corporate assets. But valuable assets that do not generate cash flows will be missed by the DCF approach. Because cash interest income is generally not included in the projected net cash flows of operating assets, the value of cash is regarded as a non-operating asset whose value must be added to the DCF enterprise value. Unfortunately, it has become standard practice on Wall Street and for the courts to exclude some amount of cash from non-operating assets on the basis that it will be used to finance the immediate operations of the business. The exclusion of so-called “operating” or “working-capital” cash is widely accepted as necessary and is recommended in virtually all valuation texts and treatises. We disagree and show that all cash should generally be added as a non-operating asset, except in unique circumstances where “wasting cash” is not earning a fair market return. We explain that excluding operating cash is correct only if either the interest income on cash is included in the net cash flows projections used to compute DCF value, or if the specific (near-term) operating expenses that will be covered by operating cash are excluded from the net cash flow projections. In either case, the full economic benefits of owning operating cash are fully reflected in the DCF enterprise value of the company, causing the DCF value to be higher by the exact amount of operating cash that is excluded. We call this the symmetry principle of operating cash. In practice, neither condition is normally met, so that all cash should generally be treated as a non-operating asset.
The Compensation of Non-Pecuniary Loss in GDPR Infringement Cases
Authors: Knetsch Jonas 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
According to art 82(1) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), ‘any person who has suffered material or non-material damage as a result of an infringement of this Regulation shall have the right to receive compensation from the controller or processor for the damage suffered’. This provision is at the core of the private enforcement of data protection rights; its interpretation could thus have major implications for business, administration and other organisations. Despite its potential for mass litigation, the case law under art 82(1) GDPR is limited and, five years after the Regulation entered into force, several questions remain still unanswered. This paper gives an overview of the most significant issues relating to the right of data subjects to the compensation of non-pecuniary loss, pending five significant CJEU judgments, which are expected to be delivered in 2023.