bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Litter decomposition and nutrient release from monospecific and mixed litters: Comparisons of litter quality, fauna and decomposition site effects
Authors: Yang Kai , Zhu Jiaojun , Zhang Weiwei , Zhang Qian , Lu Deliang , Zhang Yakun , Zheng Xiao , Xu Shuang , Wang G. Geoff 
Published: April 2022

AbstractLitter decomposition and nutrient release are key processes for soil C and nutrient cycling. However, the relative importance of the effects of litter quality, fauna and decomposition site on litter decomposition remains poorly understood. Moreover, the macronutrient and micronutrient (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu and Zn) release in the decomposition process are even less well‐known.In this study, we performed 5040 litterbag samplings of monospecific (Larix gmelinii,Acer mono,Quercus mongolicaandJuglans mandshurica) and mixed (Larixwith each broad‐leaved litter) litter treatments using litterbags with three mesh sizes (for different‐sized fauna) in four paired stands of natural secondary forests compared with adjacentLarixplantations in a temperate forest ecosystem in China. Litter decomposition rate and macronutrient and micronutrient release during decomposition were assessed.We found that variation in litter quality had a considerably greater effect on litter decomposition than fauna and decomposition site. The decomposition constant was significantly related to the initial litter Mg concentration and lignin/P ratio, suggesting the importance of the Mg content and lignin/P ratio in controlling litter decomposition in temperate tree species. We also showed that macrofauna significantly increased monospecific but not mixed litter decomposition. In addition, the decomposition site conditions further influenced monospecific litter decomposition. Furthermore, the litter quality significantly influences N and Mn release in both monospecific and mixed litters. Compared withLarixlitter, the average of N and Mn increased 33.9% and 53.8% in three broad‐leaved litters, and 21.4% and 38.0% in three mixed litters respectively.Synthesis. Litter quality is a relatively more important factor than fauna and decomposition site for the decomposition of both monospecific and mixed litters when studied at a local scale in temperate forests. Moreover, litter decomposition enhanced in plantation sites with poor soil nutrient status, which has implications for C and nutrient cycling and long‐term below‐ground forest ecosystem functions.
Direct and indirect effects of fire on microbial communities in a pyrodiverse dry‐sclerophyll forest
Authors: Bowd Elle J. , Egidi Eleonora , Lindenmayer David B. , Wardle David A. , Kardol Paul , Cary Geoffrey J. , Foster Claire 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Fire is one of the predominant drivers of the structural and functional dynamics of forest ecosystems. In recent years, novel fire regimes have posed a major challenge to the management of pyrodiverse forests. While previous research efforts have focused on quantifying the impacts of fire on above‐ground forest biodiversity, how microbial communities respond to fire is less understood, despite their functional significance.

Here, we describe the effects of time since fire, fire frequency and their interaction on soil and leaf litter fungal and bacterial communities from the pyrodiverse, Eucalyptus pilularis forests of south‐eastern Australia. Using structural equation models, we also elucidate how fire can influence these communities both directly and indirectly through biotic–abiotic interactions.

Our results demonstrate that fire is a key driver of litter and soil bacterial and fungal communities, with effects most pronounced for soil fungal communities. Notably, recently burnt forest hosted lower abundances of symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi and Acidobacteria in the soil, and basidiomycetous fungi and Actinobacteriota in the litter. Compared with low fire frequencies, high fire frequency increased soil fungal plant pathogens, but reduced Actinobacteriota. The majority of fire effects on microbial communities were mediated by fire‐induced changes in litter and soil abiotic properties. For instance, recent and more frequent fire was associated with reduced soil sulphur, which led to an increase in soil fungal plant pathogens and saprotrophic fungi in these sites. Pathogenic fungi also increased in recently burnt forests that had a low fire frequency, mediated by a decline in litter carbon and an increase in soil pH in these sites.

Synthesis. Our findings indicate that predicted increases in the frequency of fire may select for specific microbial communities directly and indirectly through ecological interactions, which may have functional implications for plants (increase in pathogens, decrease in symbionts), decomposition rates (declines in Actinobacteriota and Acidobacteriota) and carbon storage (decrease in ectomycorrhizal fungi). In the face of predicted shifts in wildfire regimes, which may exacerbate fire‐induced changes in microbial communities, adaptive fire management and monitoring is required to address the potential functional implications of fire‐altered microbial communities.
Daily living skills of autistic adolescents and young adults: A scoping review
Authors: Auld Chelsea , Foley Kitty‐Rose , Cashin Andrew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionDaily living skills (DLS) are essential for an increased quality of life and autonomous living. DLS are a focus of occupational therapy practice; however, there has been no identified review of DLS acquisition in autistic adolescents or adults. A scoping review was undertaken of which the objective was to evaluate and synthesise the extent, range, and nature of research activity, and to identify research gaps in the existing literature as they relate to DLS acquisition and autistic adolescents and adults.MethodsA structured search of the literature was conducted. Studies published in English between 2011 and 2021 that included a focus on the acquisition of DLS in autistic adolescents and young adults were included. The titles and abstracts of 103 records were screened, and the full text of 53 records was reviewed. These reference lists were hand searched. Following this process, 25 papers were found to meet the inclusion criteria.ResultsFindings indicate inconsistencies throughout the literature, with a lack of consensus on best practice methods, mediums, and/or tools to support optimal outcomes in terms of DLS acquisition for the autistic population. Themes related to (1) Generalisation of Skills Across Contexts, (2) Skill Maintenance, (3) Technology as a Teaching Method, (4) Participant and Family Perspectives, and (5) The Balance of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) focus in research were extracted from the reviewed literature. There is a strong consensus in the findings of the identified papers that autistic adolescents and young adults experience poorer outcomes in terms of DLS acquisition than non‐autistic peers, and peers with other developmental or intellectual disabilities.ConclusionFuture research is needed to fill these identified gaps and provide a clearer understanding on interventions to support optimal outcomes for autistic individuals.
Imaginaries of patienthood: Constructions of HIV patients by HIV specialist health professionals
Authors: Brown Brian , Jaspal Rusi 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper explores the ways in which HIV specialists based in the United Kingdom (UK) construct, conceptualise and imagine their patient group via the concept of the ‘imaginary’, a notion encompassing the symbols, concepts and values through which people make sense of their social environment. In discussing their work with men who have sex with men (MSM), practitioners described patients as knowledgeable and highly adherent to treatment, yet apt to pursue hedonistic lives involving sex and recreational drugs. Recent innovations in treatment were formulated in terms of optimism and progress and the ascent of biomedical approaches was cast as an advance over former emphases on psychosocial interventions and attempts to facilitate behaviour change. In contrast to the imaginary of patients who were well‐informed and highly compliant with treatment, participants also sought to explain those who were not easily enfolded within modern treatment regimens or who were seen to be overly emotional. These patients, it was said, had some pre‐existing psychological problem or perhaps were especially vulnerable to societal pressures. Overall, the imaginary of the public was pervaded by therapeutic optimism, a sense of progress and an invigoration of biomedical themes in overcoming the challenges of delivering services to MSM.
New Nabataean inscriptions from Shkārat el‐Faras, north of Petra
Authors: al‐Salameen Zeyad , al‐Faqeer Mahmood 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper presents two new Nabataean inscriptions found by the authors in Shkārat el‐Faras, north of Petra. The paper includes a commentary on the vocabulary and the proper names attested in these two undated inscriptions and sheds light on the different interpretations of the disputed word ptwrʾ, a professional title possibly meaning ‘diviner, augur’, which is attested in both texts.
Reducing ER stress with chaperone therapy reverses sleep fragmentation and cognitive decline in aged mice
Authors: Hafycz Jennifer M. , Strus Ewa , Naidoo Nirinjini 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAs the aging population grows, the need to understand age‐related changes in health is vital. Two prominent behavioral changes that occur with age are disrupted sleep and impaired cognition. Sleep disruptions lead to perturbations in proteostasis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in mice. Further, consolidated sleep and protein synthesis are necessary for memory formation. With age, the molecular mechanisms that relieve cellular stress and ensure proper protein folding become less efficient. It is unclear if a causal relationship links proteostasis, sleep quality, and cognition in aging. Here, we used a mouse model of aging to determine if supplementing chaperone levels reduces ER stress and improves sleep quality and memory. We administered the chemical chaperone 4‐phenyl butyrate (PBA) to aged and young mice, and monitored sleep and cognitive behavior. We found that chaperone treatment consolidates sleep and wake, and improves learning in aged mice. These data correlate with reduced ER stress in the cortex and hippocampus of aged mice. Chaperone treatment increased p‐CREB, which is involved in memory formation and synaptic plasticity, in hippocampi of chaperone‐treated aged mice. Hippocampal overexpression of the endogenous chaperone, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), improved cognition, reduced ER stress, and increased p‐CREB in aged mice, suggesting that supplementing BiP levels are sufficient to restore some cognitive function. Together, these results indicate that restoring proteostasis improves sleep and cognition in a wild‐type mouse model of aging. The implications of these results could have an impact on the development of therapies to improve health span across the aging population.
Hypnotic benzodiazepine receptor agonist exposure during pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations and other adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Grigoriadis Sophie , Alibrahim Aseel , Mansfield Joanna K. , Sullovey Amanda , Robinson Gail Erlick 
Published: April 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if there is an association between antenatal hypnotic benzodiazepine receptor agonist exposure and congenital malformations or other adverse pregnancy outcomes in the offspring.MethodsDatabases were searched to January 31, 2021. Cohort studies published in English on congenital malformations or other adverse pregnancy outcomes in infants following exposure compared with those unexposed, were summarized and meta‐analyzed where possible.ResultsFollowing screening, 25 studies were assessed for eligibility and seven included in the meta‐analyses. Five studies were pooled for congenital malformations following first trimester exposure and not statistically significant (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.56–1.36). The five studies that assessed for preterm birth following anytime exposure did pool to a statistically significant effect (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.19–1.86); study quality, control for other psychotropic drugs and psychiatric diagnosis did not appear to be moderators. There were two missing studies when examining for publication bias in both of the main analyses above but the revised estimates were similar to the original. Low birth weight (LBW) was significant (three studies, any time exposure, OR 1.51, 1.27–1.78) as was small for gestational age (SGA) (three studies with anytime exposure, OR 1.34, 1.22–1.48). There were too few studies to summarize birth weight, gestational age, respiratory difficulties, APGAR score at 5 min and NICU admission.ConclusionsPregnancy exposure to hypnotics was not associated with a higher risk for congenital malformations but was associated with an increased risk for preterm birth, LBW and SGA compared with those infants who were not exposed. These findings are consistent with the antidepressant and benzodiazepine literature.
Influence of different agitation techniques on bacterial reduction in curved root canals
Authors: de Oliveira Helder Fernandes , da Silva Júnior Ismael Fernandes , Teixeira Luan Carlos Gomes , Camilo Naira Geovana , de Almeida Decurcio Daniel , Guedes Orlando Aguirre , de Araújo Estrela Cyntia Rodrigues 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of agitation techniques on bacterial reduction in curved root canals. Eighty human mandibular molars were prepared, inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and incubated at 37°C for 60 days. Then, specimens were randomly separated into two test groups (n = 36) and two control groups (n = 04) according to agitation technique: Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI, Irrisonic) and XP‐endo Finisher (XPF). Microbial samples were collected before and after instrumentation and after final agitation using sterile paper points. Bacterial growth was analysed by turbidity of culture medium and UV spectrophotometry. The Wilcoxon rank test was used for the paired analysis, while the Mann–Whitney U‐test was used for the non‐paired analysis. The samples collected after final agitation were significantly different between test groups (p < 0.05). Bacterial reduction was greater in the PUI than in the XPF (p < 0.05) group. The irrigant agitation provided significant bacterial reduction. The use of the PUI showed better results.
Users of cannabis‐only are less likely to accept brief interventions than other substance use profiles in a sample of people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Gette Jordan A. , McKenna Kevin R. , McAfee Nicholas W. , Schumacher Julie A. , Parker Jefferson D. , Konkle‐Parker Deborah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesResearch has shown that people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) engage in increased rates of substance use, which has a number of potential negative health outcomes. Increased legalization of cannabis is likely to further increase the availability and use of cannabis in this population. Efforts have been made to integrate screening and intervention resources as part of an individual's routine healthcare visits. Though brief approaches such as Screening and Brief Intervention (SBIRT) have shown promise in addressing alcohol use, results are mixed in addressing cannabis use. The present study investigated how individuals reporting cannabis use responded to an invitation to engage in a brief negotiated intervention (BNI).MethodsPLWHA participated in a self‐administered tablet computer‐based version of SBIRT. Patients screened as having at‐risk, high‐risk, or dependent substance use (N = 331) were eligible to receive the BNI. Of these patients, 101 reported cannabis‐only use, with or without alcohol.ResultsBinary logistic regressions controlling for Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and Drug Abuse Screening Test score and demographics, found that cannabis‐only use was significantly related to declining the BNI.Discussion and ConclusionsCannabis‐only engagement predicts lower BNI acceptance rates than other substance use profiles; inappropriate screening tools may be one reason for this discrepancy. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.Scientific SignificanceFindings are relevant in modifying SBIRT for cannabis use. To our knowledge, this is the first work to evaluate acceptance of brief interventions for cannabis as compared to other substances and brief intervention acceptance in a sample of PLWHA.
Determinants of women's financial inclusion: Evidence from India
Authors: Govindapuram Suresh , Bhupatiraju Samyukta , Sirohi Rahul A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA number of studies have analyzed the determinants of financial inclusion in India, but few if any have focused specifically on the factors that shape women's access to finance. This paper draws on the trove of women‐specific data collected in the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS‐4), conducted in 2015–16 in India, to examine the factors that influence women's access to finance. The results indicate that while the forces that shape women's access to finance function at multiple levels, micro‐level factors appear to be powerful drivers of inclusion. The analysis reveals that household‐level economic indicators like wealth, gender of household head and their rural‐urban location are crucial, but so are individual‐level characteristics which explain approximately 83% of the variation in the multilevel regressions. Informal gender norms that govern women's mobility and economic activity crucially influence the ability of women to access loans and open bank accounts.
The knowledge and skills needed to perform intestinal ultrasound for inflammatory bowel diseases—an international Delphi consensus survey
Authors: Madsen Gorm Roager , Wilkens Rune , Boysen Trine , Burisch Johan , Bryant Robert , Carter Dan , Gecse Krisztina , Maaser Christian , Maconi Giovanni , Novak Kerri , Palmela Carolina , Nayahangan Leizl Joy , Tolsgaard Martin Grønnebæk 
Published: April 2022

SummaryBackgroundIntestinal ultrasound (IUS) is a non‐invasive modality for monitoring disease activity in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IUS training currently lacks well‐defined standards and international consensus on competency criteria. Aim: To achieve international consensus on what competencies should be expected from a newly certified IUS practitioner.MethodsA three‐round, iterative Delphi process was conducted among 54 IUS experts from 17 countries. Round 1 was a brainstorming phase with an open‐ended question to identify the knowledge and skills that experts believe a newly certified IUS practitioner should possess. The experts' suggestions were then organised into statements by a Steering Committee. In round 2, the experts commented upon and rated the statements, which were revised accordingly. In round 3, the experts rated the revised statements. Statements meeting the pre‐defined consensus criterion of at least 70% agreement were included in the final list of statements.ResultsIn total, 858 items were suggested by the experts in the first round. Based on these suggestions, 55 statements were organised into three categories: knowledge, technical skills and interpretation skills. After the second round, 53 revised statements remained. After the final round, a total of 41 statements had achieved consensus.ConclusionsWe established international, expert consensus on the knowledge and skills that should be expected from newly certified IUS practitioners. These consensus statements are the first step towards mastery learning for IUS training. Educators can utilise these statements to design training programmes and evaluate the competencies of trainees before they engage in independent practice.
Laparoscopic repair of suprapubic incisional hernia using a modified transabdominal partial extraperitoneal technique
Authors: Maemoto Ryo , Tsujinaka Shingo , Kakizawa Nao , Nagamori Masakazu , Fukai Shota , Matsuzawa Natsumi , Hatsuzawa Yuuri , Watanabe Fumiaki , Toyama Nobuyuki , Rikiyama Toshiki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionHerein, we describe a novel technique for suprapubic incisional hernia repair using a modified transabdominal partial extraperitoneal technique in four patients.Materials and Surgical TechniqueWe implemented four‐trocar placement to achieve a coaxial setting for the pubic bone. The pubic bone and Cooper's ligament were exposed by an incision dorsal to the hernial orifice, and the bladder was mobilized as an inferior peritoneal flap. The retropubic space was dissected approximately 5 cm from the hernial defect and this was closed with an intracorporeal non‐absorbable barbed suture. A mesh was introduced into the intra‐abdominal cavity, positioned to cover the closed defect, and tied to Cooper's ligament, the pubic bone, and rectus muscles. The dissected peritoneal flap was reattached to the abdominal wall by tacking and suturing.DiscussionThe modified transabdominal partial extraperitoneal technique for suprapubic incisional hernia repair may contribute to decreased recurrence and seroma formation.
Robotic low anterior resection of rectal metastasis from small bowel adenocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Shimano Ryo , Kotake Masanori , Ida Asaka , Hashimoto Masashi , Saito Hiroshi , Sawada Koichiro , Oshima Masahiro , Hada Masahiro , Kato Yosuke , Oyama Kaeko , Hara Takuo , Inaki Noriyuki 
Published: April 2022

AbstractA 69‐year‐old female underwent laparoscopic ileal partial resection for ileal adenocarcinoma. Pathological diagnosis was moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma (UICC 8th; T4N0M0 StageIIB). The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy with modified 5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin/oxaliplatin. Fourteen months after surgery, computed tomography revealed a mass in the upper rectum. Colonoscopy detected a submucosal protruding mass and a biopsy specimen showed moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Robotic low anterior resection was performed. The tumor was located in the upper rectum and there was no macroscopic invasion or peritoneal dissemination. Pathologically, the tumor was moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma located within the rectal wall with little evidence of a carcinoma component in the mucosal lining. Immunohistochemistry showed the same pattern as the previous ileal adenocarcinoma: negativity for cytokeratin 7 and positivity for cytokeratin 20 and caudal‐type homeobox 2. In combination with the rectum showing no abnormalities in colonoscopy performed 15 mo previously, the mass was considered hematogenous metastasis from small bowel adenocarcinoma.