bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of objective function topology and accuracy between different travel-time approaches for converted wave events
Authors: Zuniga Nelson Ricardo Coelho Flores , Priimenko Viatcheslav Ivanovich , Ribeiro Fernando Brenha 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Many non-hyperbolic approximations were proposed to perform the velocity analysis for several effects which cause the non-hyperbolic behaviour in travel-time curves from PP and PS reflection events. With the application of the OBN (Ocean Bottom Nodes) technology, even the approximations that present good results in previous works lack good results when there was a large difference of datum between source and receivers. Recently, a converted wave moveout approach to describe the combined behaviour of many causes which generate the non-hyperbolicity, including the difference of datum, was proposed. In this work, we tested this approach to compare it to the best converted wave moveout approach presented in the last decades. Residual function maps, to study the complexity of the objective function topology and the comparison of travel-time curves, were tested to find which approach is the best option to perform the velocity estimation through an inversion procedure to recover velocity information of non-hyperbolic reflection events of a pre-salt structure obtained with OBN technology.Keywords: converted waves, OBN, non-hyperbolic travel-time Comparação de topologia da função objetivo e de acurácia entre diferentes abordagens de tempos de trânsito para eventos de onda convertidaResumo. Muitas aproximações não-hiperbólicas foram propostas para realizar a análise de velocidade para vários efeitos que causam o comportamento não-hiperbólico na curva do tempo de trânsito a partir de eventos de reflexão PP e PS. Com a aplicação da tecnologia OBN (Ocean Bottom Nodes), mesmo as aproximações que apresentam bons resultados em trabalhos anteriores carecem de bons resultados quando havia grandes diferenças de profundidade entre fonte e receptores. Recentemente, foi proposta uma abordagem para descrever o comportamento combinado de várias causas que geram a não-hiperbolicidade, incluindo a diferença de profundidade. Esta abordagem foi testada para ser comparada com a melhor abordagem apresentada nas últimas décadas. Os mapas residuais de funções objetivo, para estudar a complexidade da topologia da função objetivo e a comparação das curvas de tempos de trânsito, foram testados para descobrir qual abordagem é a melhor opção para realizar a estimativa de velocidades por um procedimento de inversão para eventos de reflexão de estruturas do pré-sal.Palavras-chave: ondas convertidas, OBN, tempo de trânsito não-hiperbólico
Mapping the Exposure Rate of Geogenic Radiation in Caçapava do Sul – Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Jesus Felipe Nascimento , Farias Bruna da Luz , Tavares Guilherme Navarro Diogo , Rosales Mario Jesus Tomas 
Published: June 2022

Mapping the Exposure Rate of Geogenic Radiation in Caçapava do Sul – Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Mapeamento da Taxa de Exposição de Radiação Geogênica em Caçapava do Sul - Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Keywords: geogenic radiation; Caçapava do Sul Granitic Complex; exposure scenario Palavras-chave: radiação geogênica; Complexo Granítico Caçapava do Sul; cenário de exposição
An Improved Visual Attention Model for Automated Vehicle License Plate Number Recognition Using Computer Vision
Authors: Ugwu Ejiofor Martins , Taylor Onate Egerton , Nwiabu Nuka Dumle 
Published: June 2022

The role of an automatic licensed plate detection system (ALPDS) cannot be over-emphasized in the world today. The need for an automated system for vehicle license plate number recognition is important for security challenges. Therefore, this paper provides a smart system for vehicle license number recognition using Computer Vision. The system was trained using images of vehicles license numbers as training data. The training images were first annotated using the Visual Graphic Generator (VGG) annotation tool, after the annotation process, the trained images were pre-processed using the OpenCV library for conversion and masking of images. TesseractOCR was then used in extracting just texts from the images. The pre-processed and segmented images were then used in training the Mask R-CNN from a pre-trained weight. The result of the proposed system shows how the Mask R-CNN model was trained in ten training steps. The mask R-CNN model obtained accuracy and a loss value for each training step. The mask R-CNN model was evaluated using both training and test data. For the training and testing data, the Mask R-CNN was evaluated in terms of accuracy and loss. The evaluation was done using graphs. The results from the graph show that the Mask R-CNN had a better accuracy result in both training and testing data. The accuracy for training data was that of 95.25% and the accuracy for the testing data was 97.69%. For real-time vehicle license plate number recognition, we deployed our proposed model to the web. Here, we built a web application that allows real-time surveillance video. Our model was tested on different vehicles in the car park. The result of the mask R-CNN on the test shows how the Mask R-CNN model was used in not just capturing and extracting the vehicle’s license plate number but predicting the characters that appeared on the vehicle’s license plate number. We also compared our proposed system with another existing system. The comparison was done in terms of accuracy, loss, and precision. The result of our proposed model gave us an accuracy of 97.69%, which is higher than the existing system (85%). This study can further be improved by using the Internet of Things in performing live video streaming and also providing a database system that will be storing the predicted vehicle numbers for cars that are detected.
Specifics of Epidural Compression Syndrome Surgery in Patients with Spinal Malignancy
Authors: Kit O. I. , Zakondyrin D. E. , Rostorguev E. E. , Yundin S. V. 
Published: June 2022

Background. Epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) is the most common neurological complication in metastatic spinal tumours.Materials and methods. The study included 87 spinal malignancy patients operated within 01.01.2014–30.09.2021. All patients had a type of palliative decompressive and stabilising surgery: standard posterior access (SPA, 55 patients), minimally invasive posterior access (MPA, 22 patients) or anterior access (AA, 10 patients).Results. The patient cohorts did not differ significantly by the duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, rates and types of postoperative complications. The AA cohort revealed a statistical difference by intraoperative blood loss. A Karnofsky performance status was statistically improved post- vs. pre-surgery (p < 0.05) at no significant change of Frankel neurological function status (p > 0.05). A Kaplan — Meier curve analysis showed no significant survival rate variation among the surgical techniques. Discussion. Our results suggest that posterior access interventions should be considered optimal. We report no statistical difference in the postoperative neurological and performance status dynamics between both cohorts, which encourages the MPA use in all patients with minimal epidural compression.Conclusion. Posterior access with cytoreductive tumour removal in anterior spinal cord compression is advantageous over anterior surgery. A posterior access surgery with minimal spinal canal decompression is recommended in all patients with grade 1 tumoural epidural compression.
Cytoreductive HIPEC-Combined Surgery in Treatment of Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Zabelin M. V. , Safonov A. S. , Kuznetsov N. V. 
Published: June 2022

Background. Ovarian cancer ranks 5th in the structure of female oncological mortality in the Russian Federation, with a first-year post-diagnosis rate of almost 35%. In 75% cases, ovarian cancer is diagnosed at stages III—IV. The disease usually represents as peritoneal carcinomatosis regarded as an advanced form that demands attention, which renders the issue highly relevant. We present a literature review and analysis of combined treatment outcomes in ovarian cancer patients hospitalised at the Kuvatov Republican Clinical Hospital within period 2020—2021.Materials and methods. The article reviews foreign and national scientific literature, as well as reports the case data on 18 patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer and treated at the Department of Oncology of the Kuvatov Republican Clinical Hospital within period 2020—2021.Results and discussion. A complete cytoreductive surgery was performed in 100% cases. In cohort I, mean operation time was 256 vs. 364 min, mean intraoperative blood loss — 1200 vs. 1050 mL, mean hospital stay — 14.6 vs. 18.7 bed-days. Postoperative complications were 16.7 vs. 50% in cohort I vs. II. A 30-day mortality rate was 0 vs. 16.6% in cohort I vs. II. The monitoring and enrolment of patients currently continues.Conclusion. A HIPEC procedure is not a radical measure and can only achieve a maximum efficacy if coupled with a complete cytoreduction. The treatment of stage III—IV ovarian cancer patients in a concurrent combined approach is promising and requires further in-depth research and a more robust statistics.
Minimally Invasive Treatment of Benign Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Gumerova G. T. , Gubaidullina G. M. , Nagaev F. R. , Bakiev R. R. , Suleymanova N. S. 
Published: June 2022

Background. Nodular goitre is the commonest pathology of thyroid gland. According to published evidence, the endemic prevalence of iodine deficiency varies within 19–76 % population. The high rates and lack of symptoms at progressive nodules growth warrant the development of effective organ-preserving treatments. Imaging techniques for local precision targeting of individual lesions enable maximum-preserving interventions at thyroid tissue. Today’s world experience of percutaneous ethanol sclerotherapy and radiofrequency ablation is adequate. However, there exist no clear indications for sclerotherapy and radiofrequency ablation, and their consecutive use has not been assessed.Materials and methods. We analyse minimally invasive organ-preserving treatments of benign thyroid nodules (ethanol sclerotherapy, RFA) in 63 patients at the outpatient and general surgery units of BSMU Clinic and MEGI Medical Centre, Ufa, during February 2019 — December 2020.Results and discussion. Ethanol sclerotherapy was highly effective in 46.5 % patients, as evident from discontinued nodule’s blood supply in CDI and B-mode ultrasound, which remained stable in 10.5 % and restored after 3–4 weeks in 25 % patients. Sclerotherapy in colloid goitre was efficient only in 37.5 % patients. Ethanol sclerotherapy was RFA-followed in 25.4 % patients. RFA was favoured at a low-effective sclerotherapy providing for a weak positive dynamics of nodule size, local parietal blood flow preservation and intranodular vessels recanalisation at re-examination.Conclusion. Sclerotherapy was high-effective in cystic nodules. Radiofrequency ablation can be considered most adequate for treating solid nodules. RFA-followed sclerotherapy is a rational choice in treatment of large cystic nodules (>5 cm3 ).
Comparative Assessment of Isolated Liver Chemoperfusion Techniques
Authors: Kaprin A. D. , Unguryan V. M. , Petrov L. O. , Ivanov S. A. , Nazarova V. V. , Pobedintseva Yu. A. , Filimonov E. V. , Kruglov E. A. 
Published: June 2022

Background. Metastatic liver injury is a distinct oncological problem, irrespective of primary malignancy. Resection surgery is not always feasible in such patients. Isolated liver chemoperfusion is a promising treatment option in multiple small-focal metastatic organic lesions. This technique is technically complex, which limits its broader evaluation and adoption in clinical practice. The diversity of isolated liver chemoperfusion techniques does not allow an adequate assessment of world experience and requires further research. The important considerations with introducing isolated liver chemoperfusion are: an optimal surgical technique, liver isolation control method, as well as physiological arterial and portal blood flow maintenance.Materials and methods. A total of 21 patients were surveyed over June 2020 — December 2021. The patients were divided into 3 prospective cohorts: A) arteriocaval chemoperfusion, midline laparotomy access, technical-guided liver isolation, B) arteriocaval chemoperfusion, “in J laparotomy” access, ICG-guided liver isolation, C) arterio-porto-caval chemoperfusion, “in J laparotomy” access, ICG-guided liver isolation. A procedure’s tolerance was assessed with: the duration of surgery, postoperative ICU bed-days, total postoperative bed-days, hepatic cytolysis rates, chemotherapy side-effects severity.Results and discussion. The duration of surgery shortened with “in J laparotomy”. Haemotoxicity did not differ between cohorts A and B, albeit appearing significantly lower in cohort C. The cytolytic syndrome duration statistically significantly reduced in C vs. A and B cohorts.Conclusion. All the isolated liver chemoperfusion techniques employed are patient-safe. In ICG-guided liver isolation, the agent leakage into systemic blood flow is less likely, indicating a lower haemotoxicity. Arterioportal isolated chemoperfusion is more physiological compared to other techniques, thus facilitating lower hepatotoxicity. The use of “in J laparotomy” significantly reduces liver mobilisation and vascular cannulation times.
Challenges of Diagnosis and Treatment Choice in Riedel‘s Fibrosing Thyroiditis: Clinical Case Examples
Authors: Davydovich M. G. , Ipaeva R. V. , Derevyanko K. P. 
Published: June 2022

Background. Clinically distinct Riedel’s fibrosing thyroiditis is extremely rare, accounting for only 0.05 % of histologically verified thyroiditis cases, as follows from the real clinical practice and literature. Classic Riedel’s thyroiditis is typified by a marked compression syndrome, which may lack at initial disease stages. A problematic verification often conduces to a diagnostic and, especially, therapeutic malpractice, as illustrated by the two hereby analysed clinical cases.Materials and methods. The article presents two clinical cases of fibrosing thyroiditis, specifying the diagnosis and treatment choice in patients with this pathology. Diagnosis verification and therapy correction facilitated a favourable outcome.Results and discussion. Riedel’s fibrosing thyroiditis can be reluctant to diagnosis due to asymptomatic thyroid dysfunction, the lack of strict radiological diagnostic criteria and rarity in clinical practice. This provokes diagnostic and later therapeutic malpractices, which correction permitted a favourable outcome.Conclusion. Since treatment for compression syndrome-aggravated Riedel’s fibrosing thyroiditis is exclusively surgical, it continues posing a challenge as associated with likely severe complications. Essentially, the first treatment stage was inadequate in both cases. In the first case, the patient withdrew a thyroid hormone therapy already in 4 days, which precluded serious iatrogenic complications, while in the second case, the long-term drug misuse had conduced to cardiovascular pathology.
Chirality of antidepressive drugs: an overview of stereoselectivity
Authors: Vashistha Vinod Kumar , Sethi Sonika , Tyagi Inderjeet , Das Dipak Kumar 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Stereochemistry plays an important role in drug design because the enantiomers of a drug frequently vary in their biological action and pharmacokinetic profiles. Racemates of a drug with either an inactive or an unsafe enantiomer can lead to detrimental effects. The manufacturing industry may still produce racemates, but such decisions must pass through rigorous analyses of the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the particular enantiomer related to the racemates. The pharmacokinetics of antidepressants or antidepressive agents is stereoselective and predominantly favors one enantiomer. The use of pure enantiomers offers (i) better specificity than the racemates in terms of certain pharmacological actions, (ii) enhanced clinical indications, and (iii) optimized pharmacokinetics. Therefore, controlling the stereoselectivity in the pharmacokinetics of antidepressive drugs is of critical importance in dealing with depression and psychiatric conditions. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of the stereochemistry of antidepressants in the context of the design and development of new chirally pure pharmaceuticals, the potential complications caused by using racemates, and the benefits of using pure enantiomers.
Upregulation of FOXP3+ Regulatory T Lymphocytes and CD8+ Lymphocytes in Patients with High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Correlated with HPV Infection
Authors: Mitiļdžans Androniks , Zablocka Tatjana , Isajevs Sergejs , Gordjušina Valentīna , Rezeberga Dace 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Modern therapeutic strategies for precancerous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) focus on immune-modulatory and cancer vaccination. The local cervical immune status in cervical cancer and CIN could influence HPV infection persistence, progression and carcinogenesis. We analysed the role of FOXP3+ regulatory T lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in CIN I, CIN II and CIN III patients with and without HPV infection. Sixty-two patients were enrolled in the study. Each patient underwent a colposcopy-guided cervical biopsy. FOXP3+ lymphocytes and CD4+,CD8+ lymphocytes were detected by immunostaining in tissue samples obtained from a control group (n = 10), patients with CIN I (n = 20), CIN II (n = 14) and CIN III (n = 18) lesions. HPV was assayed by Aptima. The results showed that the numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes did not differ between patients with CIN I, CIN II, and CIN III. However, patients with CIN II and CIN III had significantly upregulated CD8+T lymphocytes compared to patients with CIN I. In addition, patients with CIN II and CIN III had increased FOXP3 + T lymphocytes compared with patients with CIN I, which was associated with HPV status. Upregulation of FOXP3+ regulatory T lymphocytes and CD8-positive lymphocytes in patients with CIN II and CIN III suggested a pivotal role of T regulatory lymphocytes and CD8+ lymphocytes for counteracting the host immune response in the progression from CIN I to CIN II and CIN III.
Investigation of the Cortical Bone Microstructure and Hardness After Vacuum Drying: An Experimental Study
Authors: Lozins Roberts , Freibergs Roberts , Zemīte Vineta , Dehtjars Jurijs , Paegle Irina , Bicāne Luīze K. , Ciems Modris , Ozoliņš Dzintars 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, we examined if vacuum drying can be an effective way to remove water from substantia compacta, conducted in order to preserve bones for possible future transplantation. We found a number of interesting results. First, it seemed that vacuum drying removed the most of the water from substantia compacta. Second, we observed that vacuum drying did not damage the histological structure of the samples. These results indicate that vacuum drying might be used to remove water from compact bone, but more studies are required in order to assess how this method affects substantia compacta and also substantia spongiosa.
Distribution and Ecology of Neophyte Lactuca Tatarica Population on the East Baltic Sea Coast in Latvia
Authors: Laime Brigita , Tjarve Didzis , Znotiņa Vija , Laukalēja Zane 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
There is an increasing need for species occurrence data at a regional level for the global assessment of invasiveness of neophytes. Therefore, the distribution and habitats of Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A. Mey. in Latvia (Baltic Sea region) was studied. L. tatarica was observed for the first time in Latvia in 1920. During the next 60 years, it was mainly found in synanthropic habitats. Since the 1980s, the species has spread along the Gulf of Riga (the Baltic Sea) coast. In 2019, recent data on the distribution of L. tatarica were obtained in a large-scale habitat mapping project. Lactuca tatarica was observed in 147 polygons (total area of 230 ha) representing nine habitat types of EU importance. The largest proportion of L. tatarica localities was recorded in beach habitats, and the highest abundance and total area in white and grey dunes. Lactuca tatarica was observed in the following associations: Cakiletum maritimae, Honckenyetum peploidis, Elymo-Ammophiletum arenariae, and Festucetum polesicae. In most localities, L. tatarica genets are scattered or in small groups covering small areas. In some coastal sections (southern part of the Gulf), L. tatarica forms dense stands that tend to spread. Lactuca tatarica in Latvia is considered as a neophyte successfully naturalised mainly in coastal dune habitats, and in some locations it corresponds to the criteria of invasive species with a high risk to endanger natural habitats.
Principal Component Analysis of Body Weight Traits and Subsequent Milk Production in Red Steppe Breed Heifers
Authors: Kramarenko Alexander S. , Kalynycnenko Halyna I. , Susol Ruslan L. , Papakina Nataliia S. , Kramarenko Sergei S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The main goal of this study was to determine the effects of body weight traits during the rearing period on subsequent milk production of primiparous dairy cows using Principal Component Analysis. Data on lactation performance records of 109 Red Steppe dairy cow progeny of six bulls maintained at the State Enterprise “Pedigree Reproducers” Stepove”” (Mykolayiv region, Ukraine), during 2001–2014, were utilised for the present study. Heifer body weight at birth, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months of age was measured. Records of 305-day milk yield (kg), milk fat percentage (%), milk fat yield (kg), monthly milk yield (kg) and milk fat percentage (%) in the 1st-lactation dairy cows were also available. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was conducted on the live weights for each heifer between birth and 18 months of age. The first three principal components (PC1-PC3) explained 79.7% of the total variance. Principal component 1 (PC1) showed significant relationship to body weight of heifers at 9, 12, and 15 months of age (post-pubertal period). Body weight at 3 and 6 months of age (pre-pubertal period) had higher scores on the second principal component (PC2). Principal component 3 (PC3) showed significant relationship to body weight of calves at birth. Only groups of heifers with high scores on PC1 and PC2 had significant effect on subsequent milk performance (with the exception of milk fat percentage). Thus, the use of a multivariate technique (Principal Component Analysis) allowed to determine two age intervals of heifers during the rearing period (pre- and postpubertal periods), which were significantly related to subsequent milk production.
On Some Properties of Irrational Subspaces
Authors: Neckrasov Vasiliy 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss some properties of completely irrational subspaces. We prove that there exist completely irrational subspaces that are badly approximable and, moreover, sets of such subspaces are winning in different senses. We get some bounds for Diophantine exponents of vectors that lie in badly approximable subspaces that are completely irrational; in particular, for any vector ξ from two-dimensional badly approximable completely irrational subspace of ℝ
d
one has

ω
⌢

(
ξ
)

≤

5
-
1

2

\mathord{\buildrel{\lower3pt\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\frown$}}\over \omega } \left( \xi \right) \le {{\sqrt {5 - 1} } \over 2}

. Besides that, some statements about the dimension of subspaces generated by best approximations to completely irrational subspace easily follow from properties that we discuss.