bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ОРГАНИЧЕСКОЕ ВЕЩЕСТВО И ГЕОХИМИЯ УГЛЕЙ СРЕДНЕЮРСКОГО ВОЗРАСТА МЕЖЕГЕЙСКОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ (УЛУГ-ХЕМСКИЙ БАССЕЙН, ТЫВА)
Authors: Ондар Солангы Александровна , Бушнев Дмитрий Алексеевич 
Published: November 2022

Актуальность. Каменные угли Межегейского месторождения используются преимущественно в качестве спекающей основы для производства кокса. Однако неоднородность и многокомпонентность их вещественного состава позволяет рассматривать угли как сырье для глубокой химической переработки и как носитель ценных металлов в различных концентрациях, а угольный пласт – как угольно-газовую залежь. Подобный комплексный подход в освоении горючего ископаемого нуждается в исследованиях с различных позиций особенностей органического и неорганического вещества углей, которые зависят от исходных условий накопления и источников вещества.Цель: изучить состав органического вещества углей пласта Улуг среднеюрского возраста Межегейского месторождения Улуг-Хемского угольного бассейна впервые в комплексе углепетрографических и органогеохимических методов исследования. Методы: углепетрографическое изучение мацерального состава под микроскопом в шлифах в проходящем свете; определение аналитической влажности и зольности стандартизированными методами. В составе геохимических исследований выполнено выделение хлорформенного битумоида из углей, фракционирование полученного экстракта, газово-хроматографический и хромато-масс-спектрометрический анализ алифатической и ароматической фракций битумоида. На основе полученных данных вычислены индексы, характеризующие обстановки накопления органического вещества, его возможные источники и степень термической преобразованности. Результаты проведенных углепетрографических и геохимических исследований углей среднеюрского возраста Межегейского месторождения Улуг-Хемского бассейна показывают, что по микрокомпонентному составу угли практически мономацеральные с преобладанием бесструктурного витринита. Формирование углей происходило на периферии крупного, возможно, периодически связывавшегося с морем озера в условиях, близких к маршевым. Изучен состав и распределение алканов, стеранов и гопанов в алифатической фракции битумоида. Характер распределения н-алканов и изопреноидов свидетельствует об образовании углей преимущественно из остатков водной растительности при некотором участии гумусового вещества. Существенный вклад высшей наземной растительности подтверждается также и распределением стеранов С27, С28, С29. Значения коэффициента нечетности алканов, известные соотношения изомеров стеранов, гопанов и ароматических углеводородов свидетельствуют о высокой зрелости угольного вещества.
АНАЛИЗ ПОДХОДОВ К ЧИСЛЕННОМУ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЮ ГОРЕНИЯ ПЫЛЕУГОЛЬНОГО ТОПЛИВА В ТУРБУЛЕНТНОМ ПОТОКЕ
Authors: Пронин Александр Константинович , Гиль Андрей Владимирович 
Published: November 2022

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью точного воспроизведения математическими моделями экспериментальных измерений, так как численное моделирование широко применяется как для разработки новых технологий сжигания твердого топлива, так и для модернизации существующих котельных агрегатов. А как известно, предсказанные численным моделированием параметры пылеугольного факела напрямую зависят от того, как моделируется химия горения в турбулентном потоке.
Цель: исследование точности воспроизведения экспериментальных измерений для четырех подходов к численному моделированию воспламенения и выгорания горючих компонентов пылеугольного топлива в турбулентном потоке.
Объекты: температуры, концентрации газовых компонентов (CO2, O2, CO и NOx), аксиальные и
тангенциальные компоненты скорости внутри топки IFRF 2,4 МВт.
Методы: сравнение экспериментально измеренных параметров пылеугольного факела и предсказанных численным моделированием. Численное моделирование выполнялось с использованием программного пакета ANSYS FLUENT. Горение угольной пыли в топке смоделировано как двухфазная турбулентная система течений, состоящая из газовой и дискретной фаз.
Результаты. Проведено численное моделирование горения пылеугольного топлива в турбулентном потоке четырьмя разными подходами: моделями равновесной химии с одной и двумя переменными смешения; моделью «обрыва вихря» и её комбинацией с кинетической моделью горения. Сравнительным анализом результатов моделирования с экспериментально измеренными параметрами пылеугольного факела установлено, что все исследованные подходы к моделированию горения пылеугольного топлива в турбулентном потоке демонстрируют довольно хорошее совпадение с экспериментальными данными. Модель «обрыва вихря» в комбинации с кинетической моделью горения имеет преимущество в точности, а модель равновесной химии с одной переменной смешения имеет преимущество в скорости сходимости решения.
СПОСОБ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПРОТИВОТУРБУЛЕНТНЫХ ПРИСАДОК
Authors: Банерджи Таноя , Шестаков Роман Алексеевич 
Published: November 2022

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью повышения экономической эффективности перекачки нефти и нефтепродуктов путем снижения гидравлических потерь и выноса образовавшихся водных скоплений с использованием противотурбулентных присадок. Этот способ применения присадок является энергосберегающим, минимизирующим эксплуатационные затраты на транспортировку нефти и нефтепродуктов.
Цель: определить и предложить применение противотурбулентных присадок в качестве способа
увеличения скорости потока перекачиваемой среды для выноса образовавшихся локальных неподвижных водных скоплений на локальных низинах профиля трубопровода, приводящих к
уменьшению его эффективного диаметра и повышению гидравлических потерь.
Объекты: скопившиеся водные образования на низменном участке линейной части магистрального
нефтепродуктопровода.
Методы: математический анализ влияния противотурбулентной присадки для оценки перспективы ее
энергоэффективного использования в качестве способа увеличения скорости потока транспортируемой среды, технико-экономический расчет, отражающей стоимость противотурбулентной присадки и электроэнергии при перекачке.
Результаты. Выполнен анализ способов вычисления выносной скорости потока транспортируемой
среды. Предложена методика вычисления концентрации противотурбулентной присадки, необходимой для достижения потоком жидкости выносной скорости, при невозможности повышения допустимого рабочего напора из-за ограниченной несущей способности трубопровода. Рассмотрено влияние возрастания эффективного диаметра трубопровода, что является побочным следствием влияния противотурбулентной присадки, которое, с одной стороны, повышает гидравлическую эффективность присадки, а с другой стороны, снижает потребляемую мощность электроэнергии после прекращения ввода присадки. Приведены результаты вычисления экономической целесообразности применения противотурбулентной присадки и сравнительный анализ стоимости перекачки с противотурбулентной присадкой и без нее. Рассмотрены соответствующие аналитические зависимости для оценки эффективности.
Malaria Elimination: What Can Africa Learn from China?
Authors: Nkfusai Ngwayu Claude , Ngou Olivia , Ekoko Subi Caroline , Sofia Mohlin  , Fidele Bemadoum  , Teboh Sylvanus , Wirsiy Frankline , Bain Luchuo 
Published: November 2022

For decades now, malaria has been an important public health concern in Africa, which bears the greatest burden for the disease, affecting children and adults alike. Although a few countries (Australia, Brunei, Singapore, and Algeria, among others) have previously eliminated malaria, the World Health Organization (WHO), on June 30, 2021, declared China malaria-free. This commentary seeks to explore what China did differently to eliminate malaria and what Africa can learn from China’s experience. First, Africa can use innovative tools and strategies used by China to attain success. Second, Africa can create a multi-sector collaboration among Heads of States in high burden malaria-affected countries by involving all stakeholders such as ministries of health, finance, research, education, development, public security, the army, police, commerce, industry, and information technology, customs, media and tourism to jointly fight malaria in all African countries. Furthermore, African countries could adapt the genetics-based approaches used by China in the elimination of mosquito breeding grounds. Finally, Africa can also adapt a better surveillance system of reporting on malaria daily as China did in their experience.

Copyright © 2022 Ngwayu Nkfusai et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Comprehensive Fluid Compositional Analysis Program to Support the Interpretation of Chichimene Field In-Situ Combustion Pilot
Authors: Manrique E. J. , Trujillo M. L. , Lizcano J. C. , Cardenas D. A. , Vanegas J. W. , Portillo F. , Salazar H. , Caicedo N. 
Published: November 2022

Summary
The evaluation of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods in Colombia has been very active during the past decade. One of the most recent and promising pilots is the in-situ combustion (ISC) in Chichimene field, starting in September 2019. Based on international ISC field experiences, this pilot represents a unique case study given the depth (≈8,000 ft) of this heavy crude oil (9 °API) reservoir.
The pilot project consists of one injector, seven producers, and two temperature observation wells between the injector and first-line wells. Production response shows encouraging results. Its interpretation is supported by a comprehensive fluid compositional analysis, which is the main objective of this paper.
This paper describes the compositional analysis of produced fluids (gas, oil, and water) and the influence of the current flow assurance program. Geochemical simulations support the evaluation of scaling tendencies, and possible corrosion trends are based on iron and manganese concentrations following the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) standards. Crude oil analysis is based on conventional techniques (i.e., acid number, distillation curves, etc.) and biomarkers to infer possible thermal maturation changes in the produced oil.
Results confirm predicted cycles of CO2 and H2S during the planning of the monitoring program. The solubility of both gases in water leads to their acidification and the formation of carbonate and sulfate scales characterized in production wells. The precipitation of solids was also influenced by the N2-based H2S scavenger decomposition downhole due to the water pH increment observed with the dosage increases. The scaling tendencies did not impact the productivity due to the high reservoir permeability. The precipitation of iron species made it difficult to interpret NACE standards to infer corrosion except for wells shut in for more than 2 months showing a higher concentration of Fe and Mn. However, a recent casing inspection job at one of the first-line producers shows no corrosion signs. Heavy metals such as nickel and vanadium were analyzed in water to infer the possible corrosion or thermal cracking of porphyrins in crude oil. Changes in the paraffinic fractions and biomarkers (i.e., methyl phenanthrene index, mono- and tri-aromatic steroids) suggest an increased thermal maturity of the produced oil. The robust monitoring program has provided important insights from the ISC process and flow assurance strategy supporting possible expansion plans.
This study provides valuable guidelines for monitoring programs based on compositional analysis of produced fluids, including the influence of production chemistry. Lessons learned through the Chichimene ISC monitoring program can be valuable in interpreting thermal and potentially nonthermal EOR projects.
Data-constrained analytical model for the propagation of a penny-shaped hydraulic fracture under true triaxial stresses
Authors: Feng Runhua , Sarout Joel , Dautriat Jeremie , Zhang Jiecheng , Roshan Hamid , Rezaee Reza , Sarmadivaleh Mohammad 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is a coupled multi-physics and scale-dependent process requiring an extensive numerical-laboratory appraisal to assess feasibility in the field. Developing a robust model of hydraulic fracture propagation requires knowledge of the time evolution of the fracture’s geometrical attributes, e.g., width/aperture and length/radius. However, it is inherently challenging to directly measure even the simplest fracture attribute (i.e., radius) within a rock sample subjected to in-situ stresses in the laboratory, let alone in the field. In this study, an analytical model (Rd) is developed based on Poiseuille’s law. Scaling laws and dimensional analysis are used to define propagation regimes; and non-linear hydro-mechanical coupling is accounted for the near-tip region. This model aims to predict the time evolution of radius for a homothetic penny-shaped hydraulic fracture when the fracture opening, and internal pressure gradient are known. Based on the available experimental data from literature, we quantify the growth of the fracture radius using linear elastic fracture growth model (RE); tip asymptotic solutions (RV and RT); semi-analytical solutions (RS); and the model Rd. A comparison of the four analytical models with published experimental data reveal that (i) the asymptotic solutions are limited to linearly elastic and homogeneous materials, i.e., PMMA; (ii) the semi-analytical solutions (RS) is only suitable for late-time propagation (iii) the performance of the linear elastic model (RE) poorly matches the experimental data, especially for unstable propagation situations; (iv) the new Rd model takes advantage of a robust reconstruction of the temporal radius growth of hydraulic fracture problems under realistic stress conditions, and including multiscale propagation regimes, cohesive effects, as well as stable and unstable propagation regimes of geomaterials.
Real-world effectiveness of third-line cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: CARD-like analysis of data from a post-marketing surveillance in Japan
Authors: Matsuyama Hideyasu , Matsubara Nobuaki , Kazama Hirotaka , Seto Takeshi , Sunaga Yoshinori , Suzuki Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: The CARD trial was conducted in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who had received docetaxel and experienced disease progression within 1 year on an androgen receptor-axis-targeted therapy (ARAT). Subsequent treatment with cabazitaxel had improved clinical outcomes compared with an alternative ARAT. This study aims to confirm the effectiveness of cabazitaxel in real-world patients in Japan and compare their characteristics with those of patients from the CARD trial.
Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of a nationwide post-marketing surveillance registering all patients who were prescribed cabazitaxel in Japan between September 2014 and June 2015. Included patients had received docetaxel and ≤1 year of an ARAT (abiraterone or enzalutamide) prior to receiving cabazitaxel or an alternative ARAT, as their third-line therapy. The primary effectiveness endpoint was the time to treatment failure (TTF) of the third-line therapy. Patients were matched (1:1) from the cabazitaxel and second ARAT arms based on propensity score (PS).
Results: Of the 535 patients analysed, 247 received cabazitaxel and 288 the alternative ARAT as their third-line therapy, of which, 91.3% (n=263/288) received abiraterone and 8.7% (n=25/288) received enzalutamide as their second third-line ARAT. Patients in the cabazitaxel and second ARAT arms had TNM classification of M1 or MX in 73.3% and 68.1%, Gleason score of 8–10 in 78.5% and 79.2% and mean (standard deviation) serum PSA levels of 483 (1370) and 594 (1241) ng/mL, respectively. Mean cabazitaxel dose was ≤20 mg/m2 in 61.9% (n=153/247) of the patients in the cabazitaxel arm. The median TTF (95% confidence interval [CI]) of the third-line therapy was 109 (94–128) days for cabazitaxel and 58 (57–66) days for the second ARAT, with a hazard ratio (95% CI) of 0.339 (0.279–0.413) favouring cabazitaxel. Similar results were obtained after PS-matching, with a hazard ratio (95% CI) of 0.323 (95% CI 0.258–0.402) favouring cabazitaxel.
Conclusions: Consistent with the CARD trial, cabazitaxel demonstrated superior effectiveness over a second alternative ARAT in a real-world patient population in Japan, despite the population having more advanced disease status and a lower dose of cabazitaxel being more frequently administered, than in the CARD trial.
“PERSIAN Eye Cohort Study (PECS): Design, Methodology”
Authors: Alipour Fateme , Hashemi Hassan , Lashay Alireza , Jafari Fatemeh , Motamed-Gorji Nazgol , Behrouz Mahmoud Jabbarvand , Mirzaei Mohammad , Alizade Yousef , Soleymani Mohammad Reza , Shoja Mohammad Reza , Shahraki Kourosh , Khataminia Gholam Reza , Poustchi Hossein , Malekzadeh Reza 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Purpose:
To report the study protocol, methodology and latest enrollment data of a large epidemiological multi-central eye cohort named PERSIAN Eye Cohort Study (PECS) originated from the ongoing PERSIAN Cohort Study, to investigate the distribution of ophthalmic disorders in different regions and ethnicities of Iran, and determine their associations with various exposures of ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic nature.
Methods:
A central committee designed the study and equipped 6 chosen centers (Khameneh, Some’e Sara, Hoveizeh, Yazd, Rafsanjan and Zahedan), a focal point in each center supervised and managed conduction of the study and the data gathering under close supervision of the central committee.
Results:
This ongoing study launched in 2015. Out of 65,580 eligible participants of 6 centers of the PERSIAN Cohort, 48,618 individuals aged 35-70 have been enrolled in the PECS (response rate: 74.13%) until September 2021. Slit lamp and fundus photography were performed for 28,702 (59.03%) and 27,437 (56.43%) individuals, respectively. The number of participants who were referred for ophthalmology visit was 12,884, of whom, 6,885 completed the ophthalmology visit (response rate: 53.44%).
Conclusion:
This large epidemiological multi-central eye cohort can improve our epidemiological knowledge of prevalent ophthalmic disorders in different regions and ethnicities of Iran, and determine their associations with various exposures of ophthalmic and non-ophthalmic nature. This will be very useful for future planned nationwide and global interventions.
Family physicians’ questions about the COVID-19 pandemic: A content analysis of 2,272 helpline calls
Authors: McDougall Allan , Fortier Jacqueline H. , Zhang Cathy , Ehrat Caroline , Best Kerri , Blois Heather , Garber Gary 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the COVID-related questions and concerns from family physicians and to explore associations between the pattern of COVID-related advice calls and the pandemic’s progression.
Methods: We used a content analysis approach to identify and understand family physicians’ questions and concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic expressed during calls to the Canadian Medical Protective Association (CMPA) telephone helpline. Calls were classified with preliminary codes and subsequently organized into themes. We collected aggregated data on calls, including province, call date, and whether the physician self-identified having hospital-based activities as part of their practice. Findings from the analysis were explored alongside family physician calls per month (call volume).
Results: Between 01 January 2020 and 31 December 2021, 2,272 family physician calls related to the pandemic were included for content analysis. We identified six major themes across these calls: the impact of the pandemic on the healthcare system; challenging patient interactions; public health matters; physician obligations and rights; virtual care; and COVID-related care. Call volumes were highest early in the pandemic especially among physicians without major hospital affiliation when family physicians practiced with little guidance on how to balance patient care and scarce resources in the face of a novel pandemic.
Conclusions: This research provides unique insight on the effects the COVID-19 pandemic had on family medicine in Canada. These results provide insights on the needs and information gaps of family physicians in a public health crisis and can inform preparedness efforts by public health agencies, professional organizations, educators, and practitioners.
Impact of Virtual Supervised Tooth Brushing on Caries Experience and Quality of Life among Primary School Children: Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Alayadi Haya , Alsiwat Areej , Alwadi Maram , AlAkeel Haifa , Alaskar Munirah , Sabbah Wael 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background
Dental caries is one of the most common diseases afflicting children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Supervised toothbrushing programs are implemented throughout the world to provide young children's developing teeth with additional fluoride as a form of dental caries prevention. While school-based supervised toothbrushing programs have been proven to improve young children's oral health, virtual supervised teeth brushing programs have not been assessed. The purpose of this protocol is to assess the impact of virtual supervised toothbrushing on caries experience and quality of life among primary school students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Methods
This is a cluster randomized controlled trial comparing virtual supervised tooth brushing program against no intervention applied. A total of 1,092 (546 in each group) children in Riyadh primary schools, Saudi Arabia will be recruited to the trial. Schools (cluster) will be randomly selected and allocated to either group. Clinical assessment for caries experience will be conducted in four points (baseline, + 3 months, + 6 months, + 12 months) by dental hygienist using World Health Organization criteria. Data on socio-demographic behavioural factors and children’s quality of life will be collected with every clinical assessment through a structured questionnaire. The primary outcome is the change in caries experience (the number of teeth with untreated dental caries, filled and missing teeth) in both primary and permanent teeth over 12 months. The secondary outcomes are the change in the frequency of brushing per day and the impact of oral health on the child’s daily life (QoL).
Discussion
Teaching in schools is carried out virtually in Saudi Arabia and with an effective IT infrastructure in place. Virtual supervised tooth brushing is a proposed initiative. It is also an opportunity for targeting a large portion of the population with a high level of disease as a quarter of the Saudi population is younger than 15 years. This project should provide high level evidence on the effectiveness of virtual supervised toothbrushing. The findings should potentially inform policies related to the continuation/implementation of school-based programs in Saudi Arabia.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT05217316. Registered on 19 January 2022.