bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID-19 restrictive measures on income and health service utilization of tuberculosis patients in India
Authors: Chatterjee Susmita , Das Palash , Vassall Anna 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The nationwide lockdown (March 25 to June 8, 2020) to curb the spread of coronavirus infection had significant health and economic impacts on the Indian economy. There is limited empirical evidence on how COVID-19 restrictive measures may impact the economic welfare of specific groups of patients, e.g., tuberculosis patients. We provide the first such evidence for India.

Methods
A total of 291 tuberculosis patients from the general population and from a high-risk group, patients from tea garden areas, were interviewed at different time points to understand household income loss during the complete lockdown, three and eight months after the complete lockdown was lifted. Income loss was estimated by comparing net monthly household income during and after lockdown with prelockdown income. Tuberculosis service utilization patterns before and during the lockdown period also were examined. Household income loss, travel and other expenses related to tuberculosis drug pickup were presented in 2020 US dollars (1 US$ = INR 74.132).

Results
26% of households with tuberculosis patients in tea garden areas and 51% of households in the general population had zero monthly income during the complete lockdown months (April–May 2020). Overall income loss slowly recovered during July–August compared to April–May 2020. Approximately 7% of patients in the general population and 4% in tea garden areas discontinued their tuberculosis medicines because of the complete lockdown.

Conclusion
Discontinuation of medicine will have an additional burden on the tuberculosis elimination program in terms of additional cases, including multidrug resistant tuberculosis cases. Income loss for households and poor restoration of income after the lockdown will likely have an impact on the nutrition of tuberculosis patients and families. Tuberculosis patients working in the informal sector were the worst affected group during the nationwide lockdown. This emphasizes that a policy priority must continue to protect those working in informal sectors from the economic consequences of such restrictive measures, including paid sick leave, additional food support, and direct benefit transfers. Alongside ensuring widespread access to COVID-19 vaccines, these policy actions remain pivotal in ensuring the well-being of those who are unfortunate enough to be living with tuberculosis.
Coupled plasma filtration adsorption for the treatment of sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yuting , Li Hongxiang , Guo Jianxing , Wang Youquan , Zhang Dong 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The effect of coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA) for the treatment of sepsis or septic shock is controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of CPFA on all-cause mortality in patients with sepsis or septic shock.

Methods
We searched the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies from inception to the 1st of May 2022. We included studies involving patients (˃ 14 years) with sepsis or septic shock. All authors reported our primary outcome of all-cause mortality (hospital mortality, 28-day mortality or 30-day mortality). Results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with accompanying 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
Six studies including 537 patients were included. The primary outcome of this meta-analysis showed that the all-cause mortality was about 54.2% (119/243 in the CPFA group and 172/294 in the control group). There was no statistically significant difference in the all-cause mortality between two groups (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75; 95% CI 0.53 to 1.06; P = 0.11; Chi2 = 14.04; I2 = 64%).

Conclusions
The treatment of CPFA failed to decrease all-cause mortality of sepsis or septic shock patients. Further large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the ability of this therapy to improve clinical outcomes are still required to confirm these results.
Identification and functional analysis of LncRNA-XIST ceRNA network in prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Jie , Huang Jie , Guo Yingxue , Fu Yuli , Cao Yifang , Zhou Kang , Ma Jianxiong , Lv Bodong , Huang Wenjie 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a functional role in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the molecular mechanism, expression, or function of the lncRNA XIST in PCa is not well understood. Therefore, the major goal of this study was to investigate the involvement of XIST in PCa.

Methods
We used the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to conduct a pan-cancer bioinformatics analysis of XIST and identified that it may play an important role in prostate cancer. This finding was verified using clinical samples and in vitro assays. Finally, we constructed an XIST ceRNA network for prostate cancer.

Results
Our in vitro and in vivo results showed that the XIST gene expression level was higher in PCa derived cells and tissues compared to that in normal cells and tissues. XIST gene expression level was positively correlated with the invasion and proliferation of tumour cells. Furthermore, the downregulation of XIST inhibited the growth of subcutaneous 22Rv1 xenografts in nude mice. In addition, we constructed a XIST ceRNA network. Consistent with previous studies, we found that the role of XIST is mediated through via sponges, such as miRNA -96-5p, miRNA -153-3p, and miRNA-182-5p.

Conclusion
High expression level of XIST can lead to enhanced carcinogenicity in PCa. Therefore, XIST has the potential to be used as a prognostic marker and may become a new research focus for the treatment of PCa.
Enhancing health and wellness by, for and with Indigenous youth in Canada: a scoping review
Authors: Okpalauwaekwe Udoka , Ballantyne Clifford , Tunison Scott , Ramsden Vivian R. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Indigenous youth in Canada face profound health inequities which are shaped by the rippling effects of intergenerational trauma, caused by the historical and contemporary colonial policies that reinforce negative stereotypes regarding them. Moreover, wellness promotion strategies for these youth are replete with individualistic Western concepts that excludes avenues for them to access holistic practices grounded in their culture. Our scoping review explored strategies, approaches, and ways health and wellness can be enhanced by, for, and with Indigenous youth in Canada by identifying barriers/roadblocks and facilitators/strengths to enhancing wellness among Indigenous youth in Canada.

Methods
We applied a systematic approach to searching and critically reviewing peer-reviewed literature using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews [PRISMA-ScR] as a reporting guideline. Our search strategy focused on specific keywords and MeSH terms for three major areas: Indigenous youth, health, and Canada. We used these keywords, to systematically search the following electronic databases published in English between January 01, 2017, to May 22, 2021: Medline [Ovid], PubMed, ERIC, Web of Science, Scopus, and iportal. We also used hand-searching and snowballing methods to identify relevant articles. Data collected were analysed for contents and themes.

Results
From an initial 1695 articles collated, 20 articles met inclusion criteria for this review. Key facilitators/strengths to enhancing health and wellness by, for, and with Indigenous youth that emerged from our review included: promoting culturally appropriate interventions to engage Indigenous youth; using strength-based approaches; reliance on the wisdom of community Elders; taking responsibility; and providing access to wellness supports. Key barriers/roadblocks included: lack of community support for wellness promotion activities among Indigenous youth; structural/organizational issues within Indigenous communities; discrimination and social exclusion; cultural illiteracy among youth; cultural discordance with mainstream health systems and services; and addictions and risky behaviours.

Conclusion
This scoping review extracted 20 relevant articles about ways to engage Indigenous youth in health and wellness enhancement. Our findings demonstrate the importance of promoting health by, and with Indigenous youth, by engaging them in activities reflexive of their cultural norms, rather than imposing control measures that are incompatible with their value systems.
Cannabidiol use and perceptions in France: a national survey
Authors: Casanova Clémence , Ramier Clémence , Fortin Davide , Carrieri Patrizia , Mancini Julien , Barré Tangui 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Cannabidiol (CBD), a safe, non-intoxicating cannabis component, is growing in popularity in Europe and worldwide. However, CBD EU regulation is blurry, and consequent labelling and product quality issues may have implications for public health. There is therefore a need to assess the prevalence and perceived harmfulness of CBD use in EU countries, as well as to characterise CBD users. We aimed to do so in the French population.

Methods
In December 2021, an online survey was conducted in a sample respecting the French adult population structure for key demographic variables. Sociodemographic, behavioural and CBD perception data were collected. Three separate regressions were performed to identify correlates of i) having heard of CBD, ii) using CBD, iii) perceived harmfulness of CBD. A hierarchical classification was also performed to identify profiles of CBD users.

Results
The study sample comprised 1969 adults, of whom 69.2% had heard of CBD and 10.1% used it. Less than half (46.8%) of the former considered it harmful. Having heard of CBD was associated with younger age, being born in France, tobacco use, and cannabis use. CBD use was associated with younger age, tobacco use, cannabis use, poor self-reported general health status, and positive perception of alternative medicines. Cluster analysis revealed four different CBD user profiles based on socio-demographics and behavioural characteristics.

Conclusion
Ten percent of the adults in this French study used CBD, and several user profiles emerged. Our results indirectly advocate clearer European CBD regulations to ensure safe and high-quality products.
Chondral delamination of the knee and its management: a case report and review article
Authors: Mansour Marah , Abboud Yazan , Alhaffar Mhd Alaa Aldin , Souliman Ola , Haffar Massa , Mustafa Younes , Alsuliman Tamim , Samaan Michel 
Published: August 2022

AbstractChondral delamination is the separation or debonding of the articular cartilage from the underlying subchondral bone. The hyaline cartilage has a limited capacity for healing, meaning it does not possess the innate ability to restore its normal structure or to heal the subchondral bone once detached from it. The purpose of this article is to report the outcomes of a microfracture technique used to manage chondral delamination in a 59-year-old male; we also reviewed the treatment options mentioned in the literature. The patient was admitted to the Department of Orthopedic Surgery complaining of recurrent severe right knee pain with multiple episodes of knee locking, denying any direct or twisting trauma to the knee. The plain X-ray showed mild degenerative changes with articular surface irregularity. On Magnetic resonance imaging, wide chondral delamination was noted in the medial femoral condyle. After 12 months’ post-op, his condition improved. No locking was observed. Pain improved in comparison to the pre-operative levels. The international knee documentation committee improved from 26.4% to 52.9%. In a follow-up magnetic resonance imaging, the adhesion of most parts of the delaminated cartilage.
Estradiol and intrauterine device treatment for moderate and severe intrauterine adhesions after transcervical resection
Authors: Sun Yun , Chen Xiuying , Qian Zhida , Cao Lili , Zhan Sifeng , Huang Lili 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective
To explore the effect of 4 mg/day, 6 mg/day, and 8 mg/day estradiol alone or in combination with an intrauterine device (IUD) in patients with moderate and severe intrauterine adhesion (IUA) after transcervical resection of adhesion (TCRA).

Methods
Patients with moderate or severe IUA who reived 4 mg/day, 6 mg/day, and 8 mg/day estradiol alone or in combination with an intrauterine device (IUD) after TCRA in Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, from March 2014 to December 2014 were enrolled in this retrospective case–control study. In group A, 14 patients received estradiol 4 mg/day + IUD after the first operation; in group B, 29 patients (group B0) received estradiol 6 mg/day after the first operation, and 73 patients (group B1) received estradiol 6 mg/day + IUD; in group C, 14 patients received estradiol 8 mg/day + IUD after the first operation. Referring to ESGE's IUA diagnostic classification method, 72 patients had moderate adhesion, and 58 cases had severe adhesion. Outpatient follow-up was performed at 1 and 23 months and after 1 year. The postoperative menstrual improvement, uterine cavity recovery, drug side effects at two to three months, and pregnancy situation at one year were recorded.

Results
There were no significant differences in age, BMI, and previous intrauterine operation times between the 3 groups (all p > 0.05). Compared with Group A, more patients in group C had severe IUA (p = 0.008). In addition, there were no differences in menstrual recovery, uterine cavity recovery, and pregnancy in one year between the 3 groups (p > 0.05) and between groups B0 and B1 (p > 0.05). In group B1, 51 (69.86%) patients had IUD incarceration.

Conclusion
This data suggests that 4 mg/d doses of estrogen may have the same effect in improving the menstrual condition, uterine cavity morphology, and reproductive ability compared to a higher dosage (6 mg/day estrogen and 8 mg/day). In addition, the placement of IUD in the uterine cavity during TCRA may cause IUD incarceration, and the treatment results for the prevention of IUA are not better than without IUD.
On the analysis of data augmentation methods for spectral imaged based heart sound classification using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Zhou George , Chen Yunchan , Chien Candace 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The application of machine learning to cardiac auscultation has the potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of both routine and point-of-care screenings. The use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) on heart sound spectrograms in particular has defined state-of-the-art performance. However, the relative paucity of patient data remains a significant barrier to creating models that can adapt to a wide range of potential variability. To that end, we examined a CNN model’s performance on automated heart sound classification, before and after various forms of data augmentation, and aimed to identify the most optimal augmentation methods for cardiac spectrogram analysis.

Results
We built a standard CNN model to classify cardiac sound recordings as either normal or abnormal. The baseline control model achieved a PR AUC of 0.763 ± 0.047. Among the single data augmentation techniques explored, horizontal flipping of the spectrogram image improved the model performance the most, with a PR AUC of 0.819 ± 0.044. Principal component analysis color augmentation (PCA) and perturbations of saturation-value (SV) of the hue-saturation-value (HSV) color scale achieved a PR AUC of 0.779 ± 045 and 0.784 ± 0.037, respectively. Time and frequency masking resulted in a PR AUC of 0.772 ± 0.050. Pitch shifting, time stretching and compressing, noise injection, vertical flipping, and applying random color filters negatively impacted model performance. Concatenating the best performing data augmentation technique (horizontal flip) with PCA and SV perturbations improved model performance.

Conclusion
Data augmentation can improve classification accuracy by expanding and diversifying the dataset, which protects against overfitting to random variance. However, data augmentation is necessarily domain specific. For example, methods like noise injection have found success in other areas of automated sound classification, but in the context of cardiac sound analysis, noise injection can mimic the presence of murmurs and worsen model performance. Thus, care should be taken to ensure clinically appropriate forms of data augmentation to avoid negatively impacting model performance.
Cellular transcriptional alterations of peripheral blood in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Song Liting , Yang Yucheng T. , Guo Qihao ,   the ZIB Consortium, Zhao Xing-Ming 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease, is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. Accumulating data support the contributions of the peripheral immune system in AD pathogenesis. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding about the molecular characteristics of peripheral immune cells in AD.MethodsTo explore the alterations of cellular composition and the alterations of intrinsic expression of individual cell types in peripheral blood, we performed cellular deconvolution in a large-scale bulk blood expression cohort and identified cell-intrinsic differentially expressed genes in individual cell types with adjusting for cellular proportion.ResultsWe detected a significant increase and decrease in the proportion of neutrophils and B lymphocytes in AD blood, respectively, which had a robust replicability across other three AD cohorts, as well as using alternative algorithms. The differentially expressed genes in AD neutrophils were enriched for some AD-associated pathways, such as ATP metabolic process and mitochondrion organization. We also found a significant enrichment of protein-protein interaction network modules of leukocyte cell-cell activation, mitochondrion organization, and cytokine-mediated signaling pathway in neutrophils for AD risk genes includingCD33andIL1B. Both changes in cellular composition and expression levels of specific genes were significantly associated with the clinical and pathological alterations. A similar pattern of perturbations on the cellular proportion and gene expression levels of neutrophils could be also observed in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Moreover, we noticed an elevation of neutrophil abundance in the AD brains.ConclusionsWe revealed the landscape of molecular perturbations at the cellular level for AD. These alterations highlight the putative roles of neutrophils in AD pathobiology.
Low mitochondrial DNA copy number induces chemotherapy resistance via epithelial-mesenchymal transition by DNA methylation in esophageal squamous cancer cells
Authors: Kubo Yuto , Tanaka Koji , Masuike Yasunori , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Yamashita Kotaro , Makino Tomoki , Saito Takuro , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Tsujimoto Tomoyuki , Harino Takashi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Yamasaki Makoto , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most severe cancers and is characterized by chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In a previous study, a low mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was associated with poorer prognosis and induced EMT in ESCC. However, the detailed mechanism related to mtDNA copy number and EMT is unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism by which a change in mtDNA copy number contributes to EMT and to examine treatment of chemotherapy resistance in ESCC.

Methods
The association between low mtDNA copy number and chemotherapy resistance was investigated using specimens from 88 patients who underwent surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Then, the mtDNA content of human ESCC cell lines, TE8 and TE11, was depleted by knockdown of mitochondrial transcription factor A expression. The present study focused on modulation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA methylation as the mechanisms by which mtDNA copy number affects EMT. mRNA and protein expression, chemotherapy sensitivity, proliferation, MMP and DNA methylation were evaluated, and in vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to clarify these mechanisms.

Results
ESCC patients with decreased mtDNA copy number who underwent R0 resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy had significantly worse pathological response and recurrence-free survival. Additionally, low mtDNA copy number was associated with resistance to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. mtDNA controlled MMP, and MMP depolarization induced EMT. Depletion of mtDNA and low MMP induced DNA methylation via a DNA methylation transcription factor (DNMT), and a DNMT inhibitor suppressed EMT and improved chemotherapy sensitivity in mtDNA-depleted ESCC cells, as shown by in vitro and in vivo assays.

Conclusion
This study showed that decreased mtDNA copy number induced EMT via modulation of MMP and DNA methylation in ESCC. Therapeutic strategies increasing mtDNA copy number and DNMT inhibitors may be effective in preventing EMT and chemosensitivity resistance.
Brain microglia activation and peripheral adaptive immunity in Parkinson’s disease: a multimodal PET study
Authors: Liu Shu-Ying , Qiao Hong-Wen , Song Tian-Bin , Liu Xiu-Lin , Yao Yun-Xia , Zhao Chun-Song , Barret Olivier , Xu Sheng-Li , Cai Yan-Ning , Tamagnan Gilles D. , Sossi Vesna , Lu Jie , Chan Piu 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Abnormal activation of immune system is an important pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, but the relationship between peripheral inflammation, central microglia activation and dopaminergic degeneration remains unclear.

Objectives
To evaluate the brain regional microglia activation and its relationship with clinical severity, dopaminergic presynaptic function, and peripheral inflammatory biomarkers related to adaptive immunity.

Methods
In this case–control study, we recruited 23 healthy participants and 24 participants with early-stage Parkinson’s disease. 18F-PBR06 PET/MR for microglia activation, 18F-FP-DTBZ for dopaminergic denervation, total account of T cells and subpopulations of T helper (Th1/Th2/Th17) cells, and the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines were assessed. Sanger sequencing was used to exclude the mix-affinity binders of 18F-PBR06-PET.

Results
Compared to healthy controls, patients with Parkinson’s disease had an increased 18F-PBR06-PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) in the putamen, particularly in the ipsilateral side of the motor onset. 18F-PBR06-PET SUVR was positively associated with 18F-FP-DTBZ-PET SUVR in the brainstem and not associated with disease severity measured by Hoehn and Yahr stage, MDS-UPDRS III scores. Patients with Parkinson’s disease had elevated frequencies of Th1 cells and serum levels of IL10 and IL17A as compared to healthy controls. No significant association between peripheral inflammation markers and microglia activation in the brain of PD was observed.

Conclusion
Parkinson’s disease is associated with early putaminal microglial activation and peripheral phenotypic Th1 bias. Peripheral adaptive immunity might be involved in microglia activation in the process of neurodegeneration in PD indirectly, which may be a potential biomarker for the early detection and the target for immunomodulating therapy.