bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in the use of gold and silver nanoparticles in biomedicine
Authors: Pasparakis George 
Published: July 2022

AbstractGold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in the biomedical research both in the therapeutic and the sensing/diagnostics fronts. Both metals share some common optical properties with surface plasmon resonance being the most widely exploited property in therapeutics and diagnostics. Au NPs exhibit excellent light‐to‐heat conversion efficiencies and hence have found applications primarily in precision oncology, while Ag NPs have excellent antibacterial properties which can be harnessed in biomaterials' design. Both metals constitute excellent biosensing platforms owing to their plasmonic properties and are now routinely used in various optical platforms. The utilization of Au and Ag NPs in the COVID‐19 pandemic was rapidly expanded mostly in biosensing and point‐of‐care platforms and to some extent in therapeutics. In this review article, the main physicochemical properties of Au and Ag NPs are discussed with selective examples from the recent literature.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle‐Based Sensing
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
The Role of Agriculture in Economic Development
Authors: Rohne Till Emelie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe book’s main research focus is the role of the agricultural sector in economic development. This chapter discusses the main theoretical underpinnings of this role based on the extensive body of literature on this subject. The chapter covers both the role of agriculture for economic development and the development of the agricultural sector itself with a focus on the macro-level drivers of agricultural development.
Case Study Context: Ethiopia
Authors: Rohne Till Emelie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractIn this book, Ethiopia is used as a case study to understand the role that the agricultural sector can play in economic growth in a low-income country. Ethiopia is not intended to be interpreted either as a representative or as a unique case for the broader sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) experience, but the book instead intends to shed light on Ethiopia’s particular development experience. To contextualize the findings of the research, this chapter therefore discusses some key elements of Ethiopia’s rich economic, political, and agricultural history.
Methodology
Authors: Rohne Till Emelie 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis chapter introduces the book’s empirical investigation of the role that agricultural growth has played in aggregate economic growth in Ethiopia in the twenty-first century. This chapter describes the main method and data used for empirical investigation. It describes both the data contained in the three Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs) that form the book’s main empirical data source, as well as the methodological proceedings of the Semi-Input-Output multiplier model that the book applies.
Ontenna: Design and Social Implementation of Auditory Information Transmission Devices Using Tactile and Visual Senses
Authors: Honda Tatsuya , Baba Tetsuaki , Okamoto Makoto 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Ontenna is a device that can be worn on the hair, earlobe, collar, or sleeve, and it transmits sound characteristics to the human body using vibrations and light. It can serve as an auxiliary acoustic sensory device for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH), whereas for others, it can serve as a novel acoustic perception device. A condenser microphone mounted on the main body of Ontenna acquires sound pressure data and drives the vibration motor and light-emitting diode in real-time according to the input signals. This allows the user to perceive various sonic features such as the rhythm, pattern, and strength of sound. Furthermore, by simultaneously controlling several Ontenna devices using a controller, rhythms can be transmitted to each user. In this paper, we present the design of Ontenna for DHH and its fabrication process, which was improved through digital fabrication methods. Additionally, we present case studies regarding the usage of Ontenna in a hearing-impaired school and case studies on the application of Ontenna in the entertainment field for hearing-impaired people and others. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of programming education using Ontenna.
Ageism in Design: Accessibility Without User Experience?
Authors: Hallewell Haslwanter Jean D. , Takacs Christiane 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe investigated the perceptions of young computing science students about older people with regard to computer-based systems. Participants were shown a picture of either an old or young woman or man and asked to assess that persons computer literacy and suggest appropriate design aspects for them. The goal of this study was to see if the biases against older people and their perceived computer literacy extend to the design of systems for them.The results draw on 216 questionnaires from students in the first year of their Information and Communications Technology (ICT) studies at an Austrian university of applied sciences. Mixed methods were used to explore the differences between the perceived design needs for older and younger people, and how these relate to the components of user experience and accessibility.The results show that the design aspects mentioned for older people differ greatly from those mentioned for younger. Whereas for younger people many aspects that could be considered valuable and desirable are mentioned, for older people the focus is on accessibility and usability, almost to the exclusion of aspects that are valuable and desirable. Regarding accessibility, despite the perceived lack of expertise, the focus was on aspects like large fonts. This is concerning, as future systems will be designed by the students of today. These biases may influence whether future systems are acceptable to older people, and hence whether older people will benefit from them.
Assessing the Outcome of Mobility Assistive Technology (OMAT) in Daily Living: Preliminary Results in an Italian Sample
Authors: Borgnis Francesca , Pigini Lucia , Ramella Marina , Salatino Claudia , Saruggia Maurizio , Folini Chiara , Converti Rosa Maria 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe World Health Organization has defined assistive technologies (AT) as the fourth pillar of global health and supported identifying AT outcomes among the five top priorities in AT research. In this framework, the research study OMAT (Outcomes of Mobility Assistive Technology in rehabilitation pathways) was developed by Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi. The OMAT study aims to develop and test the applicability of a model of rehabilitation pathway related to prosthetic interventions in the field of mobility: a multidisciplinary assessment of patients’ needs and expectations was made at baseline and after an adequate period of use of the prescribed assistive devices in everyday settings. To date, the study is ongoing. The present work aims to show the preliminary results of the OMAT research study, in particular its primary outcomes. Specifically, OMAT AT outcome assessment consists of 1) perceived effectiveness of assistive mobility products, 2) satisfaction of the intervention and 3) possible changes in quality of life. Among the recruited subjects (N = 32), most patients (87.5%) received only one mobility assistive product, especially bimanual self-propelled wheelchairs. Patients used the received mobility assistive products for 3–6 months, with a good frequency (few-days/ week) and moderate support. Preliminary results showed a positive impact of assistive mobility products in terms of perceived effectiveness, intervention satisfaction, and quality of life. Interestingly, patients showed improved quality of life, showing a significant decrease of the severity degree in problems identified at baseline evaluation. Further studies will be conducted to replicate these promising results in a larger sample.
Density conditions with stabilizers for lattice orbits of Bergman kernels on bounded symmetric domains
Authors: Caspers Martijn , van Velthoven Jordy Timo 
Published: July 2022

AbstractLet$$\pi _{\alpha }$$παbe a holomorphic discrete series representation of a connected semi-simple Lie groupGwith finite center, acting on a weighted Bergman space$$A^2_{\alpha } (\Omega )$$Aα2(Ω)on a bounded symmetric domain$$\Omega $$Ω, of formal dimension$$d_{\pi _{\alpha }} > 0$$dπα>0. It is shown that if the Bergman kernel$$k^{(\alpha )}_z$$kz(α)is a cyclic vector for the restriction$$\pi _{\alpha } |_{\Gamma }$$πα|Γto a lattice$$\Gamma \le G$$Γ≤G(resp.$$(\pi _{\alpha } (\gamma ) k^{(\alpha )}_z)_{\gamma \in \Gamma }$$(πα(γ)kz(α))γ∈Γis a frame for$$A^2_{\alpha }(\Omega )$$Aα2(Ω)), then$${{\,\mathrm{vol}\,}}(G/\Gamma ) d_{\pi _{\alpha }} \le |\Gamma _z|^{-1}$$vol(G/Γ)dπα≤|Γz|-1. The estimate$${{\,\mathrm{vol}\,}}(G/\Gamma ) d_{\pi _{\alpha }} \ge |\Gamma _z|^{-1}$$vol(G/Γ)dπα≥|Γz|-1holds for$$k^{(\alpha )}_z$$kz(α)being a$$p_z$$pz-separating vector (resp.$$(\pi _{\alpha } (\gamma ) k^{(\alpha )}_z)_{\gamma \in \Gamma / \Gamma _z}$$(πα(γ)kz(α))γ∈Γ/Γzbeing a Riesz sequence in$$A^2_{\alpha } (\Omega )$$Aα2(Ω)). These estimates improve on general density theorems for restricted discrete series through the dependence on the stabilizers, while recovering in part sharp results for$$G ={\mathrm {PSU}}(1, 1)$$G=PSU(1,1).
Microstructural alterations in association tracts and language abilities in schoolchildren born very preterm and with poor fetal growth
Authors: Kallankari Hanna , Taskila Hanna-Leena , Heikkinen Minna , Hallman Mikko , Saunavaara Virva , Kaukola Tuula 
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Background
Prematurity and perinatal risk factors may influence white matter microstructure. In turn, these maturational changes may influence language development in this high-risk population of children.

Objective
To evaluate differences in the microstructure of association tracts between preterm and term children and between preterm children with appropriate growth and those with fetal growth restriction and to study whether the diffusion tensor metrics of these tracts correlate with language abilities in schoolchildren with no severe neurological impairment.

Materials and methods
This study prospectively followed 56 very preterm children (mean gestational age: 28.7 weeks) and 21 age- and gender-matched term children who underwent diffusion tensor imaging at a mean age of 9 years. We used automated probabilistic tractography and measured fractional anisotropy in seven bilateral association tracts known to belong to the white matter language network. Both groups participated in language assessment using five standardised tests at the same age.

Results
Preterm children had lower fractional anisotropy in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus 1 compared to term children (P < 0.05). Preterm children with fetal growth restriction had lower fractional anisotropy in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus compared to preterm children with appropriate fetal growth (P < 0.05). Fractional anisotropy in three dorsal tracts and in two dorsal and one ventral tract had a positive correlation with language assessments among preterm children and preterm children with fetal growth restriction, respectively (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
There were some microstructural differences in language-related tracts between preterm and term children and between preterm children with appropriate and those with restricted fetal growth. Children with better language abilities had a higher fractional anisotropy in distinct white matter tracts.
Cancer-targeted photoimmunotherapy induces antitumor immunity and can be augmented by anti-PD-1 therapy for durable anticancer responses in an immunologically active murine tumor model
Authors: Hsu Michelle A. , Okamura Stephanie M. , De Magalhaes Filho C. Daniel , Bergeron Daniele M. , Rodriguez Ahiram , West Melissa , Yadav Deepak , Heim Roger , Fong Jerry J. , Garcia-Guzman Miguel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe complex immunosuppressive nature of solid tumor microenvironments poses a significant challenge to generating efficacious and durable anticancer responses. Photoimmunotherapy is a cancer treatment strategy by which an antibody is conjugated with a non-toxic light-activatable dye. Following administration of the conjugate and binding to the target tumor, subsequent local laser illumination activates the dye, resulting in highly specific target cell membrane disruption. Here we demonstrate that photoimmunotherapy treatment elicited tumor necrosis, thus inducing immunogenic cell death characterized by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Photoimmunotherapy-killed tumor cells activated dendritic cells (DC), leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines, T cell stimulation, priming antigen-specific T cells, and durable memory T cell responses, which led complete responder mice to effectively reject new tumors upon rechallenge. PD-1 blockade in combination with photoimmunotherapy enhanced overall anticancer efficacy, including against anti-PD-1-resistant tumors. The combination treatment also elicited abscopal anticancer activity, as observed by reduction of distal, non-illuminated tumors, further demonstrating the ability of photoimmunotherapy to harness local and peripheral T cell responses. With this work we therefore delineate the immune mechanisms of action for photoimmunotherapy and demonstrate the potential for cancer-targeted photoimmunotherapy to be combined with other immunotherapy approaches for augmented, durable anticancer efficacy. Moreover, we demonstrate responses utilizing various immunocompetent mouse models, as well as in vitro data from human cells, suggesting broad translational potential.
Vortex Pairs and Dipoles on Closed Surfaces
Authors: Gustafsson Björn 
Published: July 2022

AbstractWe set up general equations of motion for point vortex systems on closed Riemannian surfaces, allowing for the case that the sum of vorticities is not zero and there hence must be counter-vorticity present. The dynamics of global circulations which is coupled to the dynamics of the vortices is carefully taken into account. Much emphasis is put to the study of vortex pairs, having the Kimura conjecture in focus. This says that vortex pairs move, in the dipole limit, along geodesic curves, and proofs for it have previously been given by S. Boatto and J. Koiller by using Gaussian geodesic coordinates. In the present paper, we reach the same conclusion by following a slightly different route, leading directly to the geodesic equation with a reparametrized time variable. In a final section, we explain how vortex motion in planar domains can be seen as a special case of vortex motion on closed surfaces.
Rolle der Chirurgie bei der Behandlung des Nebenschilddrüsenkarzinoms
Authors: Schlegel Nicolas , Lenschow Christina 
Published: July 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDas Nebenschilddrüsenkarzinom (NSD-CA) stellt eine sehr seltene Erkrankung dar, die etwa 1 % aller Patienten mit primärem Hyperparathyreoidismus (pHPT) betrifft. Die 10-Jahres-Überlebensrate ist mit > 85 % gegenüber anderen malignen Tumoren vergleichsweise gut, während die hohen Rezidivraten die Lebensqualität stark beeinträchtigen. Die chirurgische Therapie stellt die einzige Möglichkeit dar, eine langfristige Heilung von Patienten mit NSD-CA zu erreichen.Material und MethodenIn einer narrativen Übersichtsarbeit nach selektiver Literaturrecherche wird der aktuelle Kenntnisstand der Behandlungsmöglichkeiten beim NSD-CA mit Schwerpunkt auf der operativen Therapie dargestellt.ErgebnisseKlinisch unterscheidet sich der benigne pHPT nicht eindeutig vom Nebenschilddrüsenkarzinom und wird deshalb häufig erst postoperativ diagnostiziert. Exzessiv erhöhte Kalzium- und Parathormonwerte sowie eine ausgeprägte klinische Symptomatik eines pHPT können prätherapeutisch auf ein malignes Geschehen hinweisen. Der einzig beinflussbare Prognosefaktor stellt die biochemische Remission durch die chirurgische Entfernung des Befundes dar. Daher sollte bei Malignitätsverdacht eine En-bloc-Resektion (Hemithyreoidektomie mit Entfernung der erkrankten Nebenschilddrüse) durchgeführt werden. Bei Vorliegen von Lymphknotenmetastasen sollte eine befallsorientierte Resektion erfolgen. Aufgrund der Seltenheit des NSD-CA gibt es keine Empfehlung hinsichtlich einer adjuvanten oder primären Therapie mittels Radiatio und/oder Chemotherapie.SchlussfolgerungEine wichtige Herausforderung für die Zukunft wird sein, eine spezifische prätherapeutische Diagnostik zu entwickeln, die das Nebenschilddrüsenkarzinom in der biochemischen Konstellation eines pHPT eindeutig erkennbar macht.
Forgotten effects of active tourism activities in Spain on sustainable development dimensions
Authors: González-Morcillo Silvia , Horrach-Rosselló Patricia , Valero-Sierra Oscar , Mulet-Forteza Carles 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis research aims at exploring the impact of active tourism activities on sustainable development dimensions. The methodology applied was based on the Theory of Forgotten Effects, which involves the use of different matrices as a research method representing relationship between different elements. According to experts’ opinions, direct and indirect relationships effects caused by active tourism on sustainable development dimensions were evaluated. Particularly, the elements in the matrices were, on the one hand, types of active tourism activities by natural setting (ground, underground, water, underwater and aerial) and, on the other hand, dimensions of sustainable development goals (economic, social, environmental, cultural and governmental). The use of the Forgotten Effects Theory allowed us to analyse incidence relationships, both direct causalities identified by experts in the first place, and also significant linkages between elements in the matrices which had been overlooked initially but showed a strong incidence after applying the aforementioned research method (indirect causalities). Besides this identification of overlooked incidences or “forgotten effects”, another remarkable contribution of this pioneer work is in the selection of themes or objects of study included in the fuzzy metrics, as no other work relating active tourism activities and sustainable development dimensions was found in the literature.
Understanding and Supporting Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the Primary School Classroom: Perspectives of Children with ADHD and their Teachers
Authors: McDougal Emily , Tai Claire , Stewart Tracy M. , Booth Josephine N. , Rhodes Sinéad M. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractChildren with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are more at risk for academic underachievement compared to their typically developing peers. Understanding their greatest strengths and challenges at school, and how these can be supported, is vital in order to develop focused classroom interventions. Ten primary school pupils with ADHD (aged 6–11 years) and their teachers (N = 6) took part in semi-structured interviews that focused on (1) ADHD knowledge, (2) the child’s strengths and challenges at school, and (3) strategies in place to support challenges. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts and three key themes were identified; classroom-general versus individual-specific strategies, heterogeneity of strategies, and the role of peers. Implications relating to educational practice and future research are discussed.
Hybrid Delivery of Mindfulness Meditation and Perceived Stress in Pediatric Resident Physicians: A Randomized Clinical Trial of In-Person and Digital Mindfulness Meditation
Authors: Purdie Denise R. , Federman Myke , Chin Alan , Winston Diana , Bursch Brenda , Olmstead Richard , Bulut Yonca , Irwin Michael R. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractPhysicians are experiencing epidemic levels of work-related stress and burnout. Determine efficacy of mindfulness meditation delivered as a hybrid (in-person and digital) format to reduce perceived stress in pediatric residents. Pediatric residents (n = 66) were block randomized to a hybrid Mindful Awareness Practices (MAPs) intervention, comprised of one in-person 60–min session and 6-week access to a digitally delivered MAPs curriculum (n = 27) or wait-list control (n = 39). Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was administered at baseline and post-intervention as the primary outcome measure. A priori secondary outcomes were measured using the Abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory-9, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. After the first session, 58% participated at least one digital session (M = 2.0; SD = 1.3). MAPs participants showed significant decrease in PSS compared to controls, with between-group mean difference of 2.20 (95% CI 0.47–3.93) at post-intervention (effect size 0.91; 0.19–1.62). No secondary outcome group differences were detected. Exposure to a hybrid mindfulness intervention was associated with improvement in perceived stress among pediatric residents.Trial Registration: NCT03613441.
The correlation of fibrinogen-like protein-1 expression with the progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hua Nanni , Chen Anxian , Yang Chen , Dong Hui , He Xianglei , Ru Guoqing , Tong Xiangmin , Zhou Feifei , Wang Shibing 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Fibrinogen-like-protein 1 (FGL1), a member of the fibrinogen-related protein (FREP) family, is a major ligand of the immune inhibitory receptor lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3). While FGL1 is strongly implicated in the development and prognosis of a variety of diseases, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still disputed. Therefore, the role of FGL1 expression in the progression and prognosis of HCC was investigated.

Methods and results
In the present study, bioinformatics analysis was first used to probe the expression profile of FGL1 in multiple malignant tumor tissues and paired normal tissues, and to explore the possible relationship between FGL1 and prognosis of HCC patients. Thereafter, the expression levels of FGL1 were determined and compared in human HCC cell lines, HCC tissues, peri-tumor tissues and normal liver tissues by western blot analysis. Furthermore, tissue microarrays were used to detect the expression of FGL1 through immunohistochemical staining and to verify whether the FGL1 expression level was associated with clinicopathological features and the prognosis of HCC patients. The results showed that FGL1 was downregulated significantly in most of the HCC cells lines and HCC tissues, corresponding to the results of the bioinformatics and western blot analyses. FGL1 expression level in HCC was found to be correlated to Edmondson grade and metastasis of the HCC. Additionally, high FGL1 expression was associated with better overall survival in HCC patients, suggesting that FGL1 could function as a tumor suppressor.

Conclusions
The expression level of FGL1 can be correlated with the progression and prognosis of HCC, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker.