bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID‐19 on HIV late diagnosis in a specialized German centre
Authors: van Bremen Kathrin , Monin Malte , Schlabe Stefan , Bischoff Jenny , Rieke Gereon Jonas , Schwarze‐Zander Carolynne , Wasmuth Jan‐Christian , Rockstroh Jürgen K. , Boesecke Christoph 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic has been impeding HIV diagnosis and treatment worldwide. Data on the impact of COVID‐19 on late diagnosis (LD) in Germany are lacking. Here we present novel data of a single‐centre German HIV cohort assessing LD during COVID‐19.MethodsThis is a non‐interventional, single‐centre retrospective cohort assessing the rate of LD comparing HIV diagnoses pre‐COVID‐19 with those during the COVID‐19 pandemic. New diagnoses between 1 January 2019 and 1 February 2020 were classified as pre‐COVID‐19, and diagnoses between 1 February 2020 and 1 October 2021 were classified as during COVID‐19.ResultsBetween 1 January 2019 and 1 October 2021, 75 patients presented with newly diagnosed HIV infection, 34 pre‐COVID‐19 and 41 during COVID‐19. LD increased to 83% (n = 34/41) during COVID‐19 versus 59% (n = 20/34) pre‐COVID‐19, and CDC stage C3 rose to 44% (n = 18) versus 27%. Hospitalization rate increased to 49% (n = 20) during COVID‐19 versus 29% pre‐COVID‐19, and 12% (n = 5) presented with HIV‐associated neurological disease, whereas none were observed in the pre‐COVID‐19 group. The incidence of LD (p = 0.020), CD4 count < 350 cells/μL (p = 0.037) and < 200 cells/μL (p = 0.022) were statistically significantly associated with the ongoing COVID‐pandemic. An association with HIV transmission risk was borderline significant (p = 0.055).ConclusionsDespite comparable annual rates of new HIV diagnoses, LD has been increasing during the COVID‐19 pandemic, resulting in more opportunistic infections and higher hospitalization rates, possibly reflecting pandemic‐related shortages in HIV testing and care facilities. Maintaining HIV testing opportunities and access to treatment during a pandemic is crucial so as not to impede WHO elimination goals and so as to prevent an increase in AIDS‐related morbidity and mortality.
Post‐collisional alkaline lamprophyre magmatism in northern Iran: Implications from whole‐rock geochemistry and mineral compositions
Authors: Omrani Hadi , Günter Christina , Shamanian Gholam Hossein , Omrani Mehdi 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Shanderman lamprophyre dykes crop out in the western part of the Alborz Mountains (Talesh). These rocks are classified as camptonites, composed of primary olivine, Ti‐rich diopside, kaersutite, biotite, plagioclase, K–feldspar, and minor Ti–rich spinels, magnetite, pentlandite–pyrrhotite/chalcopyrite, and powellite–scheelite. Secondary analcime–wairakite, serpentines, and prehnite are common minor minerals within the studied rocks. Olivine, Ti‐rich diopside, spinel, and amphibole show distinct chemical zoning. Spinels display a core‐to‐rim decrease in Cr2O3, MgO, and Al2O3 concentrations and an increase in TiO2 and FeOT (total Fe as FeO), reflecting the oxidation state increase due to hydrothermal fluid influx. Low SiO2 contents (<42 wt%), high MgO (12.44 to 13.98 wt%), and Fe2O3T (12.76 to 13.43 wt%), Cr (318–537 μg/g) and Ni (231–327 μg/g) contents indicate the ultrabasic nature of the rocks. The samples show potassic character (2.1–2.8 wt% K2O), along with elevated LREE and LILE, and also exhibit minor positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 1.09 to 1.20). Olivine–spinel geothermometry indicates a maximum crystallization temperature of 1227 °C (ave. 988 °C ± 65 °C). Exsolution of pentlandite–pyrrhotite/chalcopyrite solid solutions occurred during magma cooling and crystallization. At lower temperatures, analcime–wairakite and prehnite partially replaced plagioclases. The geochemical modeling of the rocks indicates the Shanderman lamprophyre magmas were derived from low‐grade melting (<5%) of amphibole–bearing garnet lherzolite source without or with very few phlogopites. The primary magma of Shanderman lamprophyres was derived from a depth of ~135 km by partial melting of a metasomatized mantle source in a post‐collisional environment.
Impulsivity and reward sensitivity facets as predictors of weight change in children: Differences by binge‐eating disorder diagnostic status
Authors: Valdez Alondra , Smith Kathryn E. , Mason Tyler B. 
Published: October 2022

SummaryBackgroundImpulsivity and reward sensitivity are personality traits associated with obesity and binge‐eating disorder (BED), but little research has examined prospective associations between these traits and body mass index z‐score (BMI‐z) differentially for children with and without BED.ObjectiveUsing data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study, the present analysis examined predictive associations between impulsivity and reward sensitivity facets with BMI‐z 1 year later in children with versus without BED.MethodsNine‐to‐ten‐year‐old children were recruited across the United States and completed self‐report questionnaires and clinical interviews at baseline, and height and weight were taken at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up. Multivariable models were run with baseline impulsivity and reward sensitivity facets predicting 1‐year BMI‐z in children with versus without BED.ResultsReward sensitivity and impulsivity were unrelated to BMI‐z at follow‐up in children without BED. Greater negative urgency (i.e., proclivity to act rashly without forethought in response to negative emotions) and lower positive urgency (i.e., proclivity to act rashly without forethought due to positive emotions) predicted increased BMI‐z at 1‐year follow‐up in children with BED subsample.ConclusionsFindings indicate the importance of developing theoretical models and interventions for obesity prevention in children with BED that address emotional impulsivity.
Fluid handling performance of wound dressings tested in a robotic venous leg ulcer system under compression therapy
Authors: Orlov Aleksei , Gefen Amit 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe designed, developed, built, and utilised a robotic system of a leg with two venous leg ulcers for testing the fluid handling performance of three wound dressing types. The results showed that a foam‐based dressing technology is inferior in fluid handling performance when applied to an exuding venous leg ulcer, such that the dressing needs to manage the exudate in a vertical configuration with respect to the ground, that is, so that gravity pulls the exudate to concentrate in a small region at the bottom of the dressing. Moreover, wound dressings containing superabsorbent polymers do not necessarily function equally in fluid handling for venous leg ulcer scenarios, as the extreme requirements from the dressing (to manage the viscous fluid of a vertical and typically highly‐exuding wound) appear to distinguish between optimal and suboptimal product performances despite that the tested products contain a superabsorbent, theoretically lumping them together to belong to a so‐called ‘superabsorbent dressing category’. In other words, it is a false premise to categorise products from different manufacturers into families based on material contents, and then assume that their laboratory or clinical performance is equal, so that from this point they can be judged solely on the basis of price.
Local recurrence after endoscopic resection of sessile serrated lesions: A multicenter prospective study by the Osaka Gut Forum
Authors: Shichijo Satoki , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Nakamatsu Dai , Inoue Takanori , Nakahara Masanori , Ogiyama Hideharu , Yamada Takuya , Kinoshita Kazuro , Ishihara Ryu , Michida Tomoki , Nishida Tsutomu , Tsujii Yoshiki , Hayashi Yoshito , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Fukui Keisuke , Ito Yuri , Kitamura Masanori , Honma Keiichiro , Morii Eiichi , Takehara Tetsuo ,   the Osaka Gut Forum
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackground and AimSessile serrated lesions (SSLs) act as precursors to colorectal cancer, sometimes harbor carcinomas, and are sometimes incompletely resected. We aimed to evaluate local recurrence after endoscopic resection of SSL ≥10 mm.MethodsThis prospective, single‐arm, observational study was performed at eight Japanese tertiary institutions. Colorectal lesions ≥10 mm were resected endoscopically, and the pathological diagnosis was either an SSL or hyperplastic polyp (HP). Follow‐up colonoscopy was performed 1 year later, and the local recurrence was evaluated by biopsy.ResultsFrom October 2018 to September 2021, 104 cases with 123 lesions were registered. Among the pathologically diagnosed 105 SSLs and 18 HPs, 95 and 7 lesions were diagnosed as SSLs and HPs, respectively, by central pathological review. Among the 104 endoscopically diagnosed SSLs, 86 were diagnosed as SSLs, whereas among the 11 endoscopically diagnosed HPs, two were diagnosed as HPs by central pathological review (the rest were SSLs). Among the 95 patients with 113 lesions who underwent follow‐up colonoscopy, resection scars were identified in 95 (84%) lesions. Three (3.1%; 95% confidence interval 0.6–8.7%) local recurrences were diagnosed pathologically among 98 pathologically diagnosed SSLs. Two (6%) local recurrences were diagnosed in patients with SSLs ≥20 mm.ConclusionsThe local recurrence rate after endoscopic resection of SSLs ≥10 mm was 3.1%. Careful follow‐up is recommended after endoscopic resection of large SSLs. Endoscopically diagnosed HPs ≥10 mm were sometimes pathologically diagnosed as SSL and should be considered for resection.
Intraperitoneal instillation versus wound infiltration for postoperative pain relief after cesarean delivery: A prospective, randomized,double‐blind,placebo‐controlledtrial
Authors: Dagasan Cetin Gozdenur , Dostbil Aysenur , Aksoy Mehmet , Kasali Kamber , Ince Ramazan , Kahramanlar Agah Abdullah , Atalay Canan , Topdagi Yilmaz Emsal Pınar , Ince Ilker , Ozkal Mırac Selcen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimTo compare local anesthetic wound infiltration with intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetic for analgesia after cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.MethodsThis study was conducted on 150 pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia was performed with 7 mg isobaric bupivacaine and 15 μcg fentanyl. The patients were randomized into three groups of 50 patients each: Group local anesthetic wound infiltration (LWI): 20 ml local anesthetic solution (10 ml 0.5% bupivacaine and 10 ml 2% lidocaine mixture) was administered subcutaneous wound infiltration at the end of surgery prior to skin closure and 20 ml saline was instilled into the uterine peritoneal area before fascia closure. Group intraperitoneal local anesthetic (IPLA): 20 ml local anesthetic solution (10 ml 0.5% bupivacaine and 10 ml 2% lidocaine mixture) was instilled into the uterine peritoneal area and 20 ml saline was administered subcutaneous wound infiltration. Group Placebo: 20 ml saline was instilled into the uterine peritoneal area and 20 ml saline was administered local subcutaneous wound infiltration. Pain scores at rest and on movement, total fentanyl consumption at 24 h, maternal satisfaction, and the time to first analgesic request were recorded.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was observed in the postoperative pain scores at rest at 2, 12, and 24 h (p = 0.314, 0.343, and 0.735, respectively) and on movement at 12 and 24 h (p = 0.318 and 0.642, respectively) between the groups. The pain scores on movement at 2 h were significantly lower in Group IPLA compared with Group Placebo (p = 0.047). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of total fentanyl consumption and the time to first analgesic request.ConclusionThe use of intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine and lidocaine reduces early the pain score on movement in women undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.
Population genomic insights into invasion success in a polyphagous agricultural pest, Halyomorpha halys
Authors: Parvizi Elahe , Dhami Manpreet K. , Yan Juncong , McGaughran Angela 
Published: October 2022

AbstractInvasive species are increasingly threatening ecosystems and agriculture by rapidly expanding their range and adapting to environmental and human‐imposed selective pressures. The genomic mechanisms that underlie such rapid changes remain unclear, especially for agriculturally important pests. Here, we used genome‐wide polymorphisms derived from native, invasive, and intercepted samples and populations of the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys, to gain insights into population genomics processes that have promoted the successful global invasion of this polyphagous pest. Our analysis demonstrated that BMSB exhibits spatial structure but admixture rates are high among introduced populations, resulting in similar levels of genomic diversity across native and introduced populations. These spatial genomic patterns suggest a complex invasion scenario, potentially with multiple bridgehead events, posing a challenge for accurately assigning BMSB incursions to their source using reduced‐representation genomic data. By associating allele frequencies with the invasion status of BMSB populations, we found significantly differentiated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in close proximity to genes for insecticide resistance and olfaction. Comparing variations in allele frequencies among populations for outlier SNPs suggests that BMSB invasion success has probably evolved from standing genetic variation. In addition to being a major nuisance of households, BMSB has caused significant economic losses to agriculture in recent years and continues to expand its range. Despite no record of BMSB insecticide resistance to date, our results show high capacity for potential evolution of such traits, highlighting the need for future sustainable and targeted management strategies.
Developing and adult reef fish show rapid light‐induced plasticity in their visual system
Authors: Fogg Lily G. , Cortesi Fabio , Gache Camille , Lecchini David , Marshall N. Justin , de Busserolles Fanny 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe visual capabilities of fish are optimized for their ecology and light environment over evolutionary time. Similarly, fish vision can adapt to regular changes in light conditions within their lifetime, e.g., ontogenetic or seasonal variation. However, we do not fully understand how vision responds to irregular short‐term changes in the light environment, e.g., algal blooms and light pollution. In this study, we investigated the effect of short‐term exposure to unnatural light conditions on opsin gene expression and retinal cell densities in juvenile and adult diurnal reef fish (convict surgeonfish; Acanthurus triostegus). Results revealed phenotypic plasticity in the retina across ontogeny, particularly during development. The most substantial differences at both molecular and cellular levels were found under constant dim light, while constant bright light and simulated artificial light at night had a lesser effect. Under dim light, juveniles and adults increased absolute expression of the cone opsin genes, sws2a, rh2c and lws, within a few days and juveniles also decreased densities of cones, inner nuclear layer cells and ganglion cells. These changes potentially enhanced vision under the altered light conditions. Thus, our study suggests that plasticity mainly comes into play when conditions are extremely different to the species' natural light environment, i.e., a diurnal fish in “constant night”. Finally, in a rescue experiment on adults, shifts in opsin expression were reverted within 24 h. Overall, our study showed rapid, reversible light‐induced changes in the retina of A. triostegus, demonstrating phenotypic plasticity in the visual system of a reef fish throughout life.
TnSmu1 is a functional integrative and conjugative element in Streptococcus mutans that when expressed causes growth arrest of host bacteria
Authors: McLellan Lisa K. , Anderson Mary E. , Grossman Alan D. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntegrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are major drivers of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria. They mediate their own transfer from host cells (donors) to recipients and allow bacteria to acquire new phenotypes, including pathogenic and metabolic capabilities and drug resistances. Streptococcus mutans, a major causative agent of dental caries, contains a putative ICE, TnSmu1, integrated at the 3′ end of a leucyl tRNA gene. We found that TnSmu1 is a functional ICE, containing all the genes necessary for ICE function. It excised from the chromosome and excision was stimulated by DNA damage. We identified the DNA junctions generated by excision of TnSmu1, defined the ends of the element, and detected the extrachromosomal circle. We found that TnSmu1 can transfer from S. mutans donors to recipients when co‐cultured on solid medium. The presence of TnSmu1 in recipients inhibited successful acquisition of another copy and this inhibition was mediated, at least in part, by the likely transcriptional repressor encoded by the element. Using microscopy to track individual cells, we found that activation of TnSmu1 caused an arrest of cell growth. Our results demonstrate that TnSmu1 is a functional ICE that affects the biology of its host cells.
Chronic jetlag reprograms gene expression in the colonic smooth muscle layer inducing diurnal rhythmicity in the effect of bile acids on colonic contractility
Authors: Desmet Louis , Thijs Theo , Segers Anneleen , Depoortere Inge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundSecondary bile acids entrain peripheral circadian clocks and inhibit colonic motility via the bile acid receptor GPBAR1. We aimed to investigate whether chronodisruption affected the rhythm in serum bile acid levels and whether this was associated with alterations in clock gene and Gpbar1 mRNA expression in the colonic smooth muscle layer. We hypothesized that this in turn may affect the rhythm in the inhibitory effect of secondary bile acids on colonic contractility.MethodsMice were exposed to 4 weeks of chronic jetlag induction. The expression of Gpbar1 and clock genes was measured in colonic smooth muscle tissue using RT‐qPCR over 24 h (4 h time interval). The effect of secondary bile acids on electrical field‐induced neural contractions was measured isometrically in colonic smooth muscle strips.Key ResultsChronic jetlag abolished the rhythmicity in serum bile acid levels. This was associated with a phase‐shift in diurnal clock gene mRNA fluctuations in smooth muscle tissue. Chronic jetlag induced a rhythm in Gpbar1 expression in the colonic smooth muscle layer. In parallel, a rhythm was induced in the inhibitory effect of taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), but not deoxycholic acid, on neural colonic contractions that peaked together with Gpbar1 expression.Conclusions & InferencesChronodisruption abolished the rhythm in bile acid levels which might contribute to a shift in smooth muscle clock gene expression. Our findings suggest that chronodisruption caused a transcriptional reprogramming in the colonic smooth layer thereby inducing a rhythm in the expression of Gpbar1 and in the inhibitory effect of TDCA on colonic contractility.
Studying flowers in 3D using photogrammetry
Authors: Leménager Marion , Burkiewicz Jérôme , Schoen Daniel J. , Joly Simon 
Published: October 2022

Summary
Flowers are intricate and integrated three‐dimensional (3D) structures predominantly studied in 2D due to the difficulty in quantitatively characterising their morphology in 3D. Given the recent development of analytical methods for high‐dimensional data, the reconstruction of flower models in three dimensions represents the limiting factor to studying flowers in 3D.
We developed a floral photogrammetry protocol to reconstruct 3D models of flowers based on images taken with a digital single‐lens reflex camera, a turntable and a portable lightbox.
We demonstrate that photogrammetry allows a rapid and accurate reconstruction of 3D models of flowers from 2D images. It can reconstruct all visible parts of flowers and has the advantage of keeping colour information. We illustrated its use by studying the shape and colour of 18 Gesneriaceae species.
Photogrammetry is an affordable alternative to micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) that requires minimal investment and equipment, allowing it to be used directly in the field. It has the potential to stimulate research on the evolution and ecology of flowers by providing a simple way to access 3D morphological data from a variety of flower types.
Molecular evidence for adaptive evolution of drought tolerance in wild cereals
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Chen Guang , Zeng Fanrong , Han Zhigang , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Zeng Meng , Yang Zujun , Xu Fei , Wu Dezhi , Deng Fenglin , Xu Shengchun , Chater Caspar , Korol Abraham , Shabala Sergey , Wu Feibo , Franks Peter , Nevo Eviatar , Chen Zhong‐Hua 
Published: October 2022

Summary
The considerable drought tolerance of wild cereal crop progenitors has diminished during domestication in the pursuit of higher productivity. Regaining this trait in cereal crops is essential for global food security but requires novel genetic insight.
Here, we assessed the molecular evidence for natural variation of drought tolerance in wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum), wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides), and Brachypodium species collected from dry and moist habitats at Evolution Canyon, Israel (ECI).
We report that prevailing moist vs dry conditions have differentially shaped the stomatal and photosynthetic traits of these wild cereals in their respective habitats. We present the genomic and transcriptomic evidence accounting for differences, including co‐expression gene modules, correlated with physiological traits, and selective sweeps, driven by the xeric site conditions on the African Slope (AS) at ECI. Co‐expression gene module ‘circadian rhythm’ was linked to significant drought‐induced delay in flowering time in Brachypodium stacei genotypes. African Slope‐specific differentially expressed genes are important in barley drought tolerance, verified by silencing Disease‐Related Nonspecific Lipid Transfer 1 (DRN1), Nonphotochemical Quenching 4 (NPQ4), and Brassinosteroid‐Responsive Ring‐H1 (BRH1).
Our results provide new genetic information for the breeding of resilient wheat and barley in a changing global climate with increasingly frequent drought events.