bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tax debt: problems, regional peculiarities and possible ways to reduce it (based on the materials of the Republic of Dagestan)
Authors: Imanshapieva Mazika Musabekovna 
Published: June 2022

Identification of ways to reduce tax arrears is relevant in all countries of the world, since no country in the world can completely eradicate it and various measures are being taken to reduce it (voluntary and compulsory). In Russia, the issues of reducing tax and fee arrears are particularly relevant, since in a number of subjects of the Russian Federation the amount of tax and fee arrears is growing annually. As an example for a detailed study on this topic, the author considers such a subject of the Russian Federation as the Republic of Dagestan. The results of the study revealed that, despite the fact that measures aimed at reducing tax arrears are being implemented in the Republic of Dagestan, the amount of taxes and fees owed to the budget system of the Russian Federation continues to be significant (in the Republic of Dagestan, its amount is up to 25% of its own budget revenues) and recommendations for the implementation of measures aimed at reducing it in modern conditions. The article discusses the directions for reducing tax arrears, suggests the implementation of measures aimed at improving the quality of tax administration and the effectiveness of forms and methods of tax control, increasing the level of debt collection, preventing the possibility of tax evasion, the use of a set of measures to recover tax debts, in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, including with the participation of tax, law enforcement and judicial bodies, as well as creating favorable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses, expanding the tax base, increasing investment activity and stimulating economic entities to obtain the status of a law-abiding taxpayer.
Quercetin prevents chronic kidney disease on mesangial cells model by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and TGF-β1/SMADs pathway
Authors: Widowati Wahyu , Prahastuti Sijani , Tjokropranoto Rita , Onggowidjaja Philips , Kusuma Hanna Sari Widya , Afifah Ervi , Arumwardana Seila , Maulana Muhamad Aldi , Rizal Rizal 
Published: June 2022

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) happens due to decreasing kidney function. Inflammation and oxidative stress have been shown to result in the progression of CKD. Quercetin is widely known to have various bioactivities including antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Objective
To evaluate the activity of quercetin to inhibit inflammation, stress oxidative, and fibrosis on CKD cells model (mouse mesangial cells induced by glucose).

Methods and Material
The SV40 MES 13 cells were plated in a 6-well plate with cell density at 5,000 cells/well. The medium had been substituted for 3 days with a glucose-induced medium with a concentration of 20 mM. Quercetin was added with 50, 10, and 5 µg/mL concentrations. The negative control was the untreated cell. The levels of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and MDA were determined using ELISA KIT. The gene expressions of the SMAD7, SMAD3, SMAD2, and SMAD4 were analyzed using qRT-PCR.

Results
Glucose can lead to an increase in inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, TGF-β1, MDA as well as the expressions of the SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, and a decrease in SMAD7. Quercetin caused the reduction of TNF-α, TGF-β1, MDA as well as the expression of the SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4, and increased SMAD7.

Conclusion
Quercetin has anti-inflammation, antioxidant, antifibrosis activity in the CKD cells model. Thus, quercetin is a promising substance for CKD therapy and further research is needed to prove this in CKD animal model.
Physico-chemical and Gc-Ms Analysis of Gossypium hirsutum (Cotton Seed) Oil
Authors: Hassan M. I. , Abdulmumin Y. , Abdulmumin T. M. , Murtala M. , Muhammad A. I. , Anas H. U. , Mustapha R. K. , Danjaji H. I. , Safiyanu I. 
Published: June 2022

Introduction and Objectives: The fatty acid profile of cotton seed oil, can be used to assess its nutritional value as ell the industrial applications of the oil as well. The significant amino acids such as Lipase, phytase, and lecithin were confirmed to found in cotton seed oil .Additionally, cotton seed oil is made to contained substantial natural antioxidants and α-tocopherols which give it shelf life longer than other related edible oils. The aim of this study is evaluate the physicochemical properties and characterized the Gossypium hirsutum oil using GC-MS analysis.
Materials and Methods: The cotton seed oil was extracted using soxhlet extraction procedure. The physicochemical parameters such as Acid value, Free Fatty acids content, Iodine value, Saponification value, Peroxide value, Viscosity(40°C), Refractive Index, Moisture content, Specific gravity (30°C), and colour index were determined by standard procedures described by AOAC , while the ester value was determined by baltes method. The oil was characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis.
Results: The physicochemical parameters showed that the acid value, free fatty acids content, iodine value, Saponification value, ester value, Peroxide value, viscosity, refractive index, moisture content, Specific gravity of the oil were 0.94±0.020 (mgKOH/gOil), 0.34±0.016%, 75.70±0.150gI/100g, 210.9±0.023millieqv/g, 209.4±0.027mgKOH/gOil, 8.82±0.010meq/kg, 4.41±0.113cSt, 1.383±0.003, 0.22±0.010%, 0.915±0.001 respectively. While the the oil was found to be Dark red in color. The GC-MS analysis of cotton seed oil shows the presence of twenty five (25) chemical compound ,in which six (6) where found to have biological activity related to Antibacterial activity, Anticancer Drug, Antiseborrhoeic , Anti-inflammatory, Hypocholesterolemic, Cancer Preventive, Insectifuge, Antiarthritic, Antieczemic Hepatoprotective, Antiandrogenic, Nematicide, Antihistaminic, Cytoprotective activity and Anti-inflammatory this includes 4,8-Diaza-2,9-dibenzoyl-5, 6-diphenyl-2,8-decadienedioic acid tridecan-7-ol, Undecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(Z,Z)-, (E)-hexadec-7-enal and (Z)-7-Hexadecenoic acid respectively.
Conclusion: Cotton seed oil's physicochemical parameters were found to be within the NAFDAC and Cordex standards, liquids in nature, unsaturated, and slow to oxidation and rancidity and it is suitable for consumption . The GC-MS analysis of cotton seed oil reveals the presence of twenty-five (25) chemical compounds, six (6) of which exhibit biological activity and can be used in industrial, food, additive, and pharmacological formulations.
Treatment planning system commissioning of the first clinical biology‐guided radiotherapy machine
Authors: Simiele Eric , Capaldi Dante , Breitkreutz Dylan , Han Bin , Yeung Timothy , White John , Zaks Daniel , Owens Michael , Maganti Srinath , Xing Lei , Surucu Murat , Kovalchuk Nataliya 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPurposeThe RefleXion X1 is a novel radiotherapy machine designed for image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) and biology‐guided radiotherapy (BgRT). Its treatment planning system (TPS) generates IMRT and SBRT plans for a 6MV‐FFF beam delivered axially via 50 firing positions with the couch advancing every 2.1 mm. The purpose of this work is to report the TPS commissioning results for the first clinical installation of RefleXion™ X1.MethodsCT images of multiple phantoms were imported into the RefleXion TPS to evaluate the accuracy of data transfer, anatomical modeling, plan evaluation, and dose calculation. Comparisons were made between the X1, Eclipse™, and MIM™. Dosimetric parameters for open static fields were evaluated in water and heterogeneous slab phantoms. Representative clinical IMRT and SBRT cases were planned and verified with ion chamber, film, and ArcCHECK@measurements. The agreement between TPS and measurements for various clinical plans was evaluated using Gamma analysis with a criterion of 3%/2 mm for ArcCHECK@and film. End‐to‐end (E2E) testing was performed using anthropomorphic head and lung phantoms.ResultsThe average difference between the TPS‐reported and known HU values was −1.4 ± 6.0 HU. For static fields, the agreements between the TPS‐calculated and measured PDD10, crossline profiles, and inline profiles (FWHM) were within 1.5%, 1.3%, and 0.5 mm, respectively. Measured output factors agreed with the TPS within 1.3%. Measured and calculated dose for static fields in heterogeneous phantoms agreed within 2.5%. The ArcCHECK@mean absolute Gamma passing rate was 96.4% ± 3.4% for TG 119 and TG 244 plans and 97.8% ± 3.6% for the 21 clinical plans. E2E film analysis showed 0.8 mm total targeting error for isocentric and 1.1 mm for off‐axis treatments.ConclusionsThe TPS commissioning results of the RefleXion X1 TPS were within the tolerances specified by AAPM TG 53, MPPG 5.a, TG 119, and TG 148. A subset of the commissioning tests has been identified as baseline data for an ongoing QA program.
Ultrafast Sintering for Ceramic‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Shaojie , Nie Lu , Hu Xiangchen , Zhang Yining , Zhang Yue , Yu Yi , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLong processing time and high temperatures are often required in sintering ceramic electrolytes, which lead to volatile element loss and high cost. Here, an ultrafast sintering method of microwave‐induced carbothermal shock to fabricate various ceramic electrolytes in seconds is reported. Furthermore, it is also possible to integrate the electrode and electrolyte in one step by simultaneous co‐sintering. Based on this ultrafast co‐sintering technique, an all‐solid‐state lithium‐metal battery with a high areal capacity is successfully achieved, realizing a promising electrochemical performance at room temperature. This method can extend to other various ceramic multilayer‐based solid devices.
High Refractive Index Chalcogenide Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Polymers for Integrated Photonics
Authors: Nishant Abhinav , Kim Kyung‐Jo , Showghi Sasaan A. , Himmelhuber Roland , Kleine Tristan S. , Lee Taeheon , Pyun Jeffrey , Norwood Robert A. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractOptical polymer‐based integrated photonic devices are gaining interest for applications in optical packaging, biosensing, and augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR). The low refractive index of conventional organic polymers has been a barrier to realizing dense, low footprint photonic devices. The fabrication and characterization of integrated photonic devices using a new class of high refractive index polymers, chalcogenide hybrid inorganic/organic polymers (CHIPs), which possess high refractive indices and lower optical losses compared to traditional hydrocarbon‐based polymers, are reported. These optical polymers are derived from elemental sulfur via the inverse vulcanization process, which allows for inexpensive monomers to be used for these materials. A facile fabrication strategy using CHIPs via lithography is described for single‐mode optical waveguides, Y junction splitters, multimode interferometers (MMIs), and high Q factor ring resonators, along with device characterization. Furthermore, propagation losses of 0.4 dB cm−1near 1550 nm wavelength, which is the lowest measured loss in non‐fluorinated optical polymer waveguides, coupled with the benefits of low cost materials and manufacturing are reported. Ring resonators with Q factor on the order of 6 × 104and cavity finesse of 45, which are some of the highest values reported for optical polymer‐based ring resonators, are also reported.
Semiconductor Nanocrystals Emitting in the Second Near‐Infrared Window: Optical Properties and Application in Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Jiao Mingxia , Portniagin Arsenii S. , Luo Xiliang , Jing Lihong , Han Buxing , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDevelopment of fluorophores with emission in the so‐called second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) represents an active area of the contemporary research. Among the available NIR‐II fluorophores, semiconductor nanocrystals are attractive owing to their high brightness, broad excitation profile, easily adjustable emission wavelength, and superior stability. At the same time, for the biomedical applications, biocompatibility of semiconductor nanocrystals is yet another important requirement. The recent advances in the synthesis of NIR‐II emitting semiconductor nanocrystals based on I‐VI, III‐V, and I‐III‐VI compound semiconductors are reviewed, placing special emphasis on the efforts to enhance their NIR‐II emission intensity and photostability. Representative examples of their applications for biomedical imaging, therapy and surgery are provided. This review is concluded by offering perspectives on how to further improve the performance of these attractive class of NIR‐II fluorophores.
Surface Structure Dependent Circular Dichroism in Single and Double Gyroid Metamaterials
Authors: Cote Bryan M. , Lenart William R. , Ellison Christopher J. , Ferry Vivian E. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractGyroid optical metamaterials consist of triply periodic chiral networks that are attractive photonic structures due to the combination of intriguing optical properties and spontaneous self‐assembly‐based fabrication routes using materials such as block copolymers. A previous experimental investigation found that gyroid metamaterials support strong circular dichroism, beyond what simulations only considering bulk interactions predict. In this work, simulations are used to unravel the contributions of bulk and surface interactions on the circular dichroism spectra of silver‐infilled gyroid metamaterial films. It is found that surface interactions have a significant, often dominating, contribution to circular dichroism. The relative strength of bulk and surface contributions can be tuned by controlling the crystallographic orientation, termination plane of the film, thickness, metal volume fraction, and defect density. Importantly, the dominance of surface interactions allows double gyroids, which are achiral in the bulk, to support strong circular dichroism responses with g‐factor magnitudes as large as 0.25.
Nonlinear Infrared Photodetection Based on Strong Nondegenerate Two‐Photon Absorption of Perovskite Single Crystal
Authors: Wang Wei , Wei Qi , Gong Yiyang , Xing Guichuan , Wu Bo , Zhou Guofu 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHalide perovskites have been recently shown to exhibit strong nonlinear optical properties such as two‐photon absorption, second harmonic generation, etc. In this work, the nondegenerate two‐photon absorption, i.e., when the energies of two photons absorbed are not the same, of methylammonium lead bromide single crystal is studied. It is found that the nondegenerate two‐photon absorption is much stronger than the degenerate two‐photon absorption. For the photon pair ℏω1 = 2.96 eV, ℏω2 = 0.73 eV, the nondegenerate two‐photon absorption coefficient reaches 51.3 cm GW−1, which is around 6 times that of degenerate two‐photon absorption. Taking advantage of the strong nondegenerate two‐photon absorption, a nonlinear infrared pulse photodetector based on the combination of a methylammonium lead bromide single crystal and a silicon photodiode is developed. The infrared femtosecond laser pulses at 1700 nm can be well measured with a resolution on the order of 1 nJ and responsivity of 68 V W−1. These findings provide novel insight for the understanding of nondegenerate nonlinear optical properties in halide perovskites and may open a new avenue for the development of high‐sensitivity infrared photon detection.
Computational Discovery and Experimental Demonstration of Boron Phosphide Ultraviolet Nanoresonators
Authors: Svendsen Mark K. , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Assadillayev Artyom , Shima Daisuke , Fujii Minoru , Thygesen Kristian S. , Raza Søren 
Published: May 2022

AbstractControlling ultraviolet light at the nanoscale using optical Mie resonances holds great promise for a diverse set of applications, such as lithography, sterilization, and biospectroscopy. Access to the ultraviolet requires materials with a high refractive index and wide band gap energy. Here, the authors systematically search for such materials by computing the frequency‐dependent optical permittivity of 338 binary semiconductors and insulators from first principles, and evaluate their scattering properties using Mie theory. This analysis reveals several interesting candidate materials among which boron phosphide (BP) appears most promising. Then BP nanoparticles are prepared and it is demonstrated that they support Mie resonances at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths using both far‐field optical measurements and near‐field electron energy‐loss spectroscopy. A laser reshaping method is also presented to realize spherical Mie‐resonant BP nanoparticles. With a refractive index over three and low absorption losses in a broad spectral range spanning from the infrared to the near ultraviolet, BP is an appealing material for a broad range of applications in dielectric nanophotonics.
Optical Logic Operation Encryption on ZnTe Flake
Authors: Li Dongyan , Li Zexin , Chen Ping , Pi Lejing , Wang Haoyun , Zhou Xing , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: May 2022

AbstractLogic operation encryption is emerging as a novel cryptographic mode, protecting logic operation from being attacked and tampered, and is a modern extension of conventional encryption system. However, the existing encryption methods are not conducive to the logic operation encryption due to the complexity, signal mode, and non‐adjustability of their design. Herein, an advanced logic operation encryption method is designed via the photoluminescence ratio of ZnTe, and the electrically and optically switchable NAND (Not AND) and NOR (Not OR) encryption based on this method is implemented. Two photoluminescence emissions can be selectively regulated by the gate voltage and excitation laser based on the different responses of band‐edge emission and defect emission. This novel approach will shed light on the development of high‐security encryption and computer information protection.
Free‐Standing Single‐Layer Metasurface for Efficient and Broadband Tailoring of Terahertz Wavefront
Authors: Tan Yihui , Qu Kai , Chen Ke , Wu Jingbo , Feng Longcheng , Yang Shengxin , Chen Benwen , Wang Yan , Zhang Chi , Fan Kebin , Zhang Caihong , Zhao Junming , Jiang Tian , Feng Yijun , Jin Biaobing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractDuring the past decade, metasurfaces have provided a versatile platform for controlling the amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic waves, thus showing great potential for developing compact photonic devices. However, compact and broadband terahertz (THz) components are still scarce for high‐speed communication and spectroscopy analysis. Here, a free‐standing metasurface is designed to realize broadband and efficient wavefront manipulation in the THz regime. The proposed metasurface consists of a single patterned metallic layer on an ultra‐thin flexible substrate. The full‐span phase control of circularly cross‐polarized waves can be achieved based on the Pancharatnam‐Berry phase mechanism only by spatially varying the element orientation. Besides, it can operate in a broadband range of 0.35–1.21 THz (relative bandwidth of 111%), with the efficiency approaching the theoretical limit of the ultra‐thin single‐layer metasurface. It is demonstrated that the free‐standing metasurface can be used for numerous applications, including but not limited to THz beam steering, focusing, and vortex generation. The broadband performances allow the pulsed spectral imaging system to record the evolution process of broadband vortex beam in real‐time. The proposed metasurface may trigger many exciting opportunities in THz wireless communication, medicine, and spectroscopy applications.
Engineering the Crack Structure and Fracture Behavior in Monolayer MoS2 By Selective Creation of Point Defects
Authors: Wang Gang , Wang Yun‐Peng , Li Songge , Yang Qishuo , Li Daiyue , Pantelides Sokrates T. , Lin Junhao 
Published: May 2022

AbstractMonolayer transition‐metal dichalcogenides, e.g., MoS2, typically have high intrinsic strength and Young's modulus, but low fracture toughness. Under high stress, brittle fracture occurs followed by cleavage along a preferential lattice direction, leading to catastrophic failure. Defects have been reported to modulate the fracture behavior, but pertinent atomic mechanism still remains elusive. Here, sulfur (S) and MoSn point defects are selectively created in monolayer MoS2 using helium‐ and gallium‐ion‐beam lithography, both of which reduce the stiffness of the monolayer, but enhance its fracture toughness. By monitoring the atomic structure of the cracks before and after the loading fracture, distinct atomic structures of the cracks and fracture behaviors are found in the two types of defect‐containing monolayer MoS2. Combined with molecular dynamics simulations, the key role of individual S and MoSn point defects is identified in the fracture process and the origin of the enhanced fracture toughness is elucidated. It is a synergistic effect of defect‐induced deflection and bifurcation of cracks that enhance the energy release rate, and the formation of widen crack tip when fusing with point defects that prevents the crack propagation. The findings of this study provide insights into defect engineering and flexible device applications of monolayer MoS2.
HfOx/AlOySuperlattice‐Like Memristive Synapse
Authors: Wang Chengxu , Mao Ge‐Qi , Huang Menghua , Huang Enming , Zhang Zichong , Yuan Junhui , Cheng Weiming , Xue Kan‐Hao , Wang Xingsheng , Miao Xiangshui 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe adjustable conductance of a two‐terminal memristor in a crossbar array can facilitate vector‐matrix multiplication in one step, making the memristor a promising synapse for efficiently implementing neuromorphic computing. To achieve controllable and gradual switching of multi‐level conductance, important for neuromorphic computing, a theoretical design of a superlattice‐like (SLL) structure switching layer for the multi‐level memristor is proposed and validated, refining the growth of conductive filaments (CFs) and preventing CFs from the abrupt formation and rupture. Ti/(HfOx/AlOy)SLL/TiN memristors are shown with transmission electron microscopy , X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy , and ab initio calculation findings corroborate the SLL structure of HfOx/AlOyfilm. The optimized SLL memristor achieves outstanding conductance modulation performance with linearly synaptic weight update (nonlinear factorα= 1.06), and the convolutional neural network based on the SLL memristive synapse improves the handwritten digit recognition accuracy to 94.95%. Meanwhile, this improved synaptic device has a fast operating speed (30 ns), a long data retention time (≥ 104s at 85 ℃), scalability, and CMOS process compatibility. Finally, its physical nature is explored and the CF evolution process is characterized using nudged elastic band calculations and the conduction mechanism fitting. In this work, as an example the HfOx/AlOySLL memristor provides a design viewpoint and optimization strategy for neuromorphic computing.