bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for superadiabatic heating and cooling of Alfvénic solar wind
Authors: Shaikh Zubair I , Raghav Anil N , Vichare Geeta , D’Amicis Raffaella , Telloni Daniele 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
Alfvénic fluctuations are widespread and crucial in various physical processes of space & astrophysical plasma. However, their role in heating and work done remains unexplored. Here, we have used Wind spacecraft’s data situated at 1 au distance to examine 12 distinct Alfvénic regions using polytropic analysis. The study finds an average polytropic index value α = 2.64, which is consistent with a superadiabatic behaviour for plasma particles with three effective degrees of freedom (f = 3). Moreover, this study examines several scenarios for plasma particles with different degrees of freedom. We noted that the investigated Alfvénic region could be adiabatic only for plasma particles with f = 1.26 degrees of freedom. In addition to this, for α = 2.64, the ratio of work done to the total heat supply within the system is $\frac{\delta w}{\delta q} = -0.68$, indicating that 68 per cent of the total supplied heat is utilized to accomplish work by the system on the surrounding (expansion phenomena), and the remaining is used to increase the internal energy of the system. As a result, we hypothesized that the Alfvénic plasma region is cooling more than the adiabatic expectation, resulting in supercooling phenomena. Thus, we propose that the discovered possible superadiabatic process would be critical in understanding the energy transfer from the Alfvénic zone to the surrounding plasma.
African Suid Genomes Provide Insights into the Local Adaptation to Diverse African Environments
Authors: Xie Hai-Bing , Yan Chen , Adeola Adeniyi C , Wang Kun , Huang Cui-Ping , Xu Ming-Min , Qiu Qiang , Yin Xue , Fan Chen-Yu , Ma Yun-Fei , Yin Ting-Ting , Gao Yun , Deng Jia-Kun , Okeyoyin Agboola O , Oluwole Olufunke O , Omotosho Oladipo , Okoro Victor M O , Omitogun Ofelia G , Dawuda Philip M , Olaogun Sunday C , Nneji Lotanna M , Ayoola Adeola O , Sanke Oscar J , Luka Pam D , Okoth Edward , Lekolool Isaac , Mijele Dominic , Bishop Richard P , Han Jianlin , Wang Wen , Peng Min-Sheng , Zhang Ya-Ping 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAfrican wild suids consist of several endemic species that represent ancient members of the family Suidae and have colonized diverse habitats on the African continent. However, limited genomic resources for African wild suids hinder our understanding of their evolution and genetic diversity. In this study, we assembled high-quality genomes of a common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), a red river hog (Potamochoerus porcus), as well as an East Asian Diannan small-ear pig (Sus scrofa). Phylogenetic analysis showed that common warthog and red river hog diverged from their common ancestor around the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, putatively predating their entry into Africa. We detected species-specific selective signals associated with sensory perception and interferon signaling pathways in common warthog and red river hog, respectively, which contributed to their local adaptation to savannah and tropical rainforest environments, respectively. The structural variation and evolving signals in genes involved in T-cell immunity, viral infection, and lymphoid development were identified in their ancestral lineage. Our results provide new insights into the evolutionary histories and divergent genetic adaptations of African suids.
Ribosomal RNA operons define a central functional compartment in the Streptomyces chromosome
Authors: Lorenzi Jean-Noël , Thibessard Annabelle , Lioy Virginia S , Boccard Frédéric , Leblond Pierre , Pernodet Jean-Luc , Bury-Moné Stéphanie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Streptomyces are prolific producers of specialized metabolites with applications in medicine and agriculture. These bacteria possess a large linear chromosome genetically compartmentalized: core genes are grouped in the central part, while terminal regions are populated by poorly conserved genes. In exponentially growing cells, chromosome conformation capture unveiled sharp boundaries formed by ribosomal RNA (rrn) operons that segment the chromosome into multiple domains. Here we further explore the link between the genetic distribution of rrn operons and Streptomyces genetic compartmentalization. A large panel of genomes of species representative of the genus diversity revealed that rrn operons and core genes form a central skeleton, the former being identifiable from their core gene environment. We implemented a new nomenclature for Streptomyces genomes and trace their rrn-based evolutionary history. Remarkably, rrn operons are close to pericentric inversions. Moreover, the central compartment delimited by rrn operons has a very dense, nearly invariant core gene content. Finally, this compartment harbors genes with the highest expression levels, regardless of gene persistence and distance to the origin of replication. Our results highlight that rrn operons are structural boundaries of a central functional compartment prone to transcription in Streptomyces.
proGenomes3: approaching one million accurately and consistently annotated high-quality prokaryotic genomes
Authors: Fullam Anthony , Letunic Ivica , Schmidt Thomas S B , Ducarmon Quinten R , Karcher Nicolai , Khedkar Supriya , Kuhn Michael , Larralde Martin , Maistrenko Oleksandr M , Malfertheiner Lukas , Milanese Alessio , Rodrigues Joao Frederico Matias , Sanchis-López Claudia , Schudoma Christian , Szklarczyk Damian , Sunagawa Shinichi , Zeller Georg , Huerta-Cepas Jaime , von Mering Christian , Bork Peer , Mende Daniel R 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
The interpretation of genomic, transcriptomic and other microbial ‘omics data is highly dependent on the availability of well-annotated genomes. As the number of publicly available microbial genomes continues to increase exponentially, the need for quality control and consistent annotation is becoming critical. We present proGenomes3, a database of 907 388 high-quality genomes containing 4 billion genes that passed stringent criteria and have been consistently annotated using multiple functional and taxonomic databases including mobile genetic elements and biosynthetic gene clusters. proGenomes3 encompasses 41 171 species-level clusters, defined based on universal single copy marker genes, for which pan-genomes and contextual habitat annotations are provided. The database is available at http://progenomes.embl.de/
Olfaction in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Finch Philip M , Sohrabi Hamid R , Drummond Peter D 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is associated with a range of sensory disturbances on the symptomatic side of the body but whether this includes olfaction is uncertain. To clarify this, the aims of this study were to compare ratings of intensity and hedonic appeal of household odorants in CRPS patients and controls, and to determine whether ratings differed between the symptomatic and contralateral sides within the sample of patients.

Methods
Six odorants (vanilla, fish sauce, vinegar, eucalyptus, almond essence and acetone) were presented sequentially in random order on cottonwool buds held in the midline approximately 1 cm from both nostrils in 37 CRPS patients and 21 pain-free controls. Each odor was rated for intensity and hedonic appeal, and participants reported whether the odor was stronger and/or smelt different on one side than the other.

Results
The odorants smelt worse for patients than controls (P &lt; .05 for the symptomatic and contralateral sides) but neither the intensity nor the unpleasantness of the odorants was greater on the symptomatic than contralateral side in the group as-a-whole.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the trigeminal component of olfaction interacts bilaterally with pain-sensitized circuits in the thalamus or higher cortical centers to distort odor perception in patients with CRPS. This aberrant process appears to differ from the mechanism that underlies hemilateral hyperalgesia in other sensory modalities.
Elevated serum CA72-4 predicts gout flares during urate lowering therapy initiation: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Hu Shuhui , Sun Mingshu , Li Maichao , Xue Xiaomei , Terkeltaub Robert , Wang Can , Wang Ming , Lu Jie , Ran Zijing , Li Hailong , Ji Aichang , Sun Wenyan , Li Xinde , He Yuwei , Liu Zhen , Zhang Hui , Wang Xuefeng , Ji Xiaopeng , Dalbeth Nicola , Li Changgui 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objective
Gout flares during urate-lowering therapy (ULT) initiation are common, but predictors of these flares are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum CA72-4 is an independent predictor for gout flares during ULT initiation.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted between March 2021 and January 2022. Men with gout, at least one gout flare in the past year, and at least three serum CA72-4 measurements in the previous six months were enrolled. Participants were grouped according to their highest recorded serum CA72-4 levels (above or within the normal range). All participants took oral febuxostat 20 mg daily without flare prophylaxis therapy, and attended face-to-face visits every four weeks until 24 weeks. The incidence of gout flare was compared between the two groups. Backward stepwise logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with flares. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate prediction efficacy.

Results
A total of 193 completed the study (79 with high CA72-4; 114 with normal CA72-4). The cumulative incidence of at least one gout flare was 48.1% (62.1% in the high CA72-4 group, 38.4% in the normal CA72-4 group, P = 0.001), and recurrent (≥2) flares was 33.0% (47.1% in the high CA72-4 group, 23.2% in the normal CA72-4, P &lt; 0.001). High CA72-4, disease duration, intra-articular tophus size, glucose, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and ESR were independent risk factors for gout flares. Serum CA72-4 alone predicted recurrent flares with an area under the curve of 0.63 (95% CI = 0.54, 0.71), and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.71, 0.85) when combined with other independent variables.

Conclusion
High serum CA72-4 predicts the risk of gout flares during ULT initiation.

Trial registration
ChiCTR; https://www.chictr.org.cn/; ChiCTR2100043573.
Disproportionate articular pain is a frequent phenomenon in rheumatoid arthritis and responds to treatment with sarilumab
Authors: Choy Ernest , Bykerk Vivian , Lee Yvonne C , van Hoogstraten Hubert , Ford Kerri , Praestgaard Amy , Perrot Serge , Pope Janet , Sebba Anthony 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Objectives
In some patients with RA, joint pain is more severe than expected based on the amount of joint swelling [referred to as disproportionate articular pain (DP)]. We assessed DP prevalence and the effects of sarilumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, on DP.

Methods
Data from RA patients treated with placebo or 200 mg sarilumab in the phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) MOBILITY and TARGET, adalimumab 40 mg or sarilumab 200 mg in the phase 3 RCT MONARCH and sarilumab 200 mg in open-label extensions (OLEs) were used. DP was defined as an excess tender 28-joint count (TJC28) over swollen 28-joint count (SJC28) of ≥7 (TJC28 − SJC28 ≥ 7). Treatment response and disease activity were determined for patients with and without DP.

Results
Of 1531 sarilumab 200 mg patients from RCTs, 353 (23%) had baseline DP. On average, patients with DP had higher 28-joint DAS using CRP (DAS28-CRP) and pain scores than patients without DP, whereas CRP levels were similar. After 12 and 24 weeks, patients with baseline DP treated with sarilumab were more likely to be DP-free than those treated with placebo or adalimumab. In RCTs, more sarilumab-treated patients achieved low disease activity vs comparators, regardless of baseline DP status. In OLEs, patients were more likely to lose rather than gain DP status.

Conclusion
About one-quarter of patients with RA experienced DP, which responded well to sarilumab. These data support the concept that other mechanisms (potentially mediated via IL-6) in addition to inflammation may contribute to DP in RA.

Trial registrations
NCT01061736, NCT02332590, NCT01709578, NCT01146652.
Use of Cold Plasma in Wound Healing: A Case Report
Authors: Landscheidt Kristina , Engelhardt Christine , Hernekamp Jochen-Frederick , Goertz Ole 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT
The treatment of chronic wounds remains a serious medical and social problem. There are many innovative therapeutic approaches for the treatment of chronic wounds, one of which is cold plasma therapy. This case report describes an 85-year-old patient who presented with a chronic wound on his lower right leg. Despite repeated surgical wound debridements, his wound did not improve. Therefore, the authors initiated cold plasma therapy for his chronic wound. Through repeated application of cold plasma, the wound was completely healed within 8 weeks. As a noninvasive procedure, the cold plasma treatment was well tolerated and had no adverse effects. This case report provides promising results and could be the basis for further studies to confirm the effectiveness of active wound dressings with cold plasma in the treatment of chronic wounds.
A Prospective Study of Pressure Injury Healing Rate and Time and Influencing Factors in an Acute Care Setting
Authors: Seo YoungMin , Oh HyunSoo , Na YoungSun , Kim MiJin , Seo WhaSook 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To determine pressure injury (PI) healing rate and time and identify influencing factors.

METHODS
A prospective cohort research design was used. Data collection was performed between May 2015 and August 2018. The study participants were 77 inpatients who developed at least one PI during their stay in a university hospital. Researchers assessed participants' demographic (age, sex); physical (incontinence, activity of daily living, and nutrition status); physiologic (serum total protein, albumin, and creatinine, blood glucose, and hemoglobin levels); and disease- (diagnosis, number of comorbidities, and cardiovascular comorbidity), wound- (PI stage and size at first detection, and Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing score), and treatment-related (IV nutrition supply and albumin infusion) factors.

RESULTS
Across the 77 patients, 91 PIs developed. Of these, 54 (59.3%) healed with a mean healing time of 17.63 days. The healing rate was better, and the healing time was shorter for stage 2 PIs compared with unstageable or deep-tissue PIs. Factors influencing PI healing rate were number of comorbidities, cardiovascular comorbidity, incontinence, PI stage at first detection, IV nutrition supply, and mean serum creatinine level. Factors influencing PI healing time were number of comorbidities, cardiovascular comorbidity, and PI stage at first detection.

CONCLUSIONS
To reduce hospital stays, PI-related complications, and mortality, evidence-based management strategies for PIs are needed. The findings of the present study may contribute to the development of such strategies.
Exploring Effect of Postdischarge Developmental Support Program on Preterm Infant Neurodevelopment and BDNF Gene DNA Methylation
Authors: Zhang Jun , Cao Mi , Yue Shaoting , Yan Jingmin , Shang Yanyan 
Published: November 2022

Background:
Although developmental supportive care is an effective approach to improve the long-term psychomotor and/or neurobehavioral function of preterm infants, very limited studies have focused on the impact of after-discharge developmental support. The underlying epigenetic changes are unclear.

Purpose:
This study aimed to explore the preliminary effect of an evidence-based Postdischarge Developmental Support Program (PDSP) on preterm infant neurodevelopment and underlying epigenetic changes, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene-related DNA methylation and expression.

Methods:
In this randomized controlled pilot trial, the preterm infant-parent dyads were randomized into either the intervention group/PDSP group (n = 22) or the control group/usual care group (n = 22). The neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants were measured by Ages & Stages Questionnaires. Urine BDNF concentration level was tested by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Infant saliva specimens were collected to analyze the methylation level of BDNF gene promoter I at pre- and postintervention test.

Results:
After PDSP intervention, the total neurodevelopmental and the 5 domain scores of the PDSP group were all significantly higher than those of the control group (P < .05). The BDNF levels decreased significantly only within control group (P = .01). The difference in BDNF concentration and methylation levels between groups was not statistically significant.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Postdischarge Developmental Support Program may promote the neurodevelopment of preterm infants but has no effect on BDNF's expression and gene methylation level at 3 months of corrected age. The epigenetic mechanism of PDSP needs further study using a larger sample and longer follow-up.
Associations Between Physical Activity, Tinnitus, and Tinnitus Severity
Authors: Chen Shanwen , Yang Xue , Jiang Yuan , Wu Feihu , Li Yifan , Qiu Jianxin , Tong Busheng , Liu Yehai 
Published: November 2022

Objectives:
To examine the associations between physical activity and tinnitus development and physical activity and tinnitus severity in a large representative sample of US adults.

Design:
Data were obtained from 3826 eligible participants (20 to 69 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2015 and 2016. Physical activity was assessed using a Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. We used multivariable logistic regression to test the associations of physical activity (without physical activity, with physical activity) and amount of physical activity (min/week, in quartiles) with tinnitus symptoms. Adults with depressive symptoms were excluded, and the models were controlled for relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related covariates. A restricted cubic spline was used to explore the dose-response relationship between the amount of physical activity and tinnitus.

Results:
Overall, 12.8% of the population who engaged in physical activity reported tinnitus, compared with 18.5% of the population who did not (p = 0.005). Subgroup analysis based on the amount of physical activity showed that participants who performed physical activity (150 to 300, 310 to 540, and 550 to 4800 min/week) had lower risks of tinnitus than those with no physical activity (odds ratio = 0.72, 0.56, and 0.62, respectively), after adjusting for covariates. However, no correlation was observed between physical activity and tinnitus severity in the present study. The dose-response analysis showed a nonlinear relationship (P for nonlinearity = 0.04) between the amount of physical activity and the risk of tinnitus.

Conclusions:
Physical activity may be associated with a reduced risk of tinnitus. Further research using a longitudinal design is required to confirm these findings and clarify the direction of causation.
Genvoya-Associated and Simvastatin-Associated Noninflammatory and Nonautoimmune Myopathy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Huang Merry , Prayson Richard A. , Li Yuebing 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Patients with HIV have a higher incidence of rhabdomyolysis compared with the HIV negative population because of medication-related myotoxicity and drug–drug interactions. Statins and antiretroviral therapy have been previously reported to cause myopathy in patients with HIV when used alone or in combination. In this study, we describe a case of biopsy-proven noninflammatory and nonautoimmune myopathy associated with the use of simvastatin and Genvoya (elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide fumarate) and review 3 previously reported similar cases. Our patient presented with acute proximal limb weakness and significantly elevated serum creatine kinase. Muscle biopsy revealed scattered degenerating and regenerating muscle fibers without evidence for an inflammatory process. She did not respond to empiric treatment with high-dose intravenous steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. Her creatine kinase only began to downtrend after discontinuation of both simvastatin and Genvoya, and she returned to baseline function at 2-month follow-up. Our case highlights the importance of recognizing drug–drug interactions between HIV and statin medications in causing significant noninflammatory myopathy. In these patients, both categories of medications need to be discontinued for recovery.
Nitrofurantoin and Minocycline–Associated Vasculitic Neuropathy: Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Aladawi Mohammad , Shelly Shahar , Dyck P. James B. , Koster Matthew , Engelstad JaNean , Piccione Ezequiel A. , Naddaf Elie 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background:
Vasculitic neuropathies usually present acutely to subacutely, with an asymmetric pattern, involving multiple peripheral nerve territories. Drug-induced vasculitis is an often overlooked etiology of vasculitic neuropathy.

Methods:
We present the first reported case of nitrofurantoin-associated and an illustrative case of minocycline-associated vasculitic neuropathy, with a review of the literature.

Results:
The first patient is a 60-year-old woman who developed axonal sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy after nitrofurantoin use, with a superficial radial nerve biopsy confirming vasculitis. The second patient is a 23-year-old woman, with a history of acne vulgaris treated with minocycline, who presented with a subacute right common peroneal mononeuropathy followed by a left deep peroneal mononeuropathy, with elevated antinuclear, perinuclear-antineutrophil cytoplasmic, and myleoperoxidase antibodies, and MPO titers, and a sural nerve biopsy showing large arteriole vasculitis. Finally, we provide a comprehensive review of previously published cases.

Conclusions:
Medications should be considered as a trigger for medication-induced vasculitic neuropathy. Accurate diagnosis would ensure timely treatment.
A world of choices: preference elicitation methods for improving the delivery and uptake of HIV prevention and treatment
Authors: Kerkhoff Andrew D. , Muiruri Charles , Geng Elvin H. , Hickey Matthew D. 
Published: November 2022

Purpose of review
Despite the growing availability of effective HIV prevention and treatment interventions, there are large gaps in their uptake and sustained use across settings. It is crucial to elicit and apply patients’ and stakeholders’ preferences to maximize the impact of existing and future interventions. This review summarizes quantitative preference elicitation methods (PEM) and how they can be applied to improve the delivery and uptake of HIV prevention and treatment interventions.

Recent findings
PEM are increasingly applied in HIV implementation research; however, discrete choice experiments (DCEs) have predominated. Beyond DCEs, there are other underutilized PEM that may improve the reach and effectiveness of HIV prevention and treatment interventions among individuals by prioritizing their barriers to engagement and determining which attributes of interventions and delivery strategies are most valued. PEM can also enhance the adoption and sustained implementation of strategies to deliver HIV prevention and treatment interventions by assessing which attributes are the most acceptable and appropriate to key stakeholders.

Summary
Greater attention to and incorporation of patient's and stakeholders’ preferences for HIV prevention and treatment interventions and their delivery has the potential to increase the number of persons accessing and retained in HIV prevention and treatment services.