bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical modeling of groundwater geochemistry in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Júnior José Francisco de Francisco Oliveira , Moraes Alex Souza , Pandorfi Héliton , Silva Jhon Lennon Bezerra da , Batista Pedro Henrique Dias , Jardim Alexandre Maniçoba Rosa Ferraz , de Almeida Gledson Luiz Pontes , Santana Taize Calvacante , Mesquita Marcio 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The objective is to characterize the hydrochemical and qualitative composition of the groundwater of the Beberibe aquifer located in the Northeast of Brazil (NEB) using geostatistical, geoprocessing, and multivariate analysis techniques. The Beberibe aquifer is located in the state of Pernambuco (PE), NEB, and is responsible for supplying water to the northern portion of the Recife Metropolitan Region (RMRE). The data collected came from 34 georeferenced mining and mineral water production units. From this, a Piper diagram was constructed and hydrogeological and hydrochemical spatial maps were generated. The data were submitted to descriptive statistics, geostatistics, and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the artesian wells near the coast have a porous geological formation. In all artesian wells, the waters are of the mixed bicarbonate type and highly potable for human consumption. The coefficient of variation was medium to high for all hydrochemical variables. The variables showed a better fit to the Gaussian model, in the study of spatial dependence. In PCA, Cl was the one with the highest correlation with nitrate (NO3). The anthropogenic influence on water quality at the center of RMRE, mainly on NO3 concentrations, had a direct impact on water quality for human health.
Co-occurrence and Metabolic Biomarkers of Sensory and Motor Subtypes of Peripheral Neuropathy from Paclitaxel
Authors: Chen Ciao-Sin , Smith Ellen M Lavoie , Stringer Kathleen A , Henry N. Lynn , Hertz Daniel L 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is the major treatment-limiting toxicity of paclitaxel, which predominantly presents as sensory symptoms, with motor symptoms in some patients. Differentiating CIPN into subtypes has been recommended to direct CIPN research. The objective of this study was to investigate whether sensory and motor CIPN are distinct subtypes with different predictive biomarkers in patients with breast cancer receiving paclitaxel.Methods: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life questionnaire CIPN20 was used to evaluate CIPN. Clusters of the time course of sensory (CIPNS), motor (CIPNM), and the difference between sensory and motor (CIPNS–CIPNM) were identified using k-means clustering on principal component scores. Predictive metabolomic biomarkers of maximum CIPNS and CIPNM were investigated using linear regressions adjusted for baseline CIPN, systemic paclitaxel exposure, and body mass index.Results: More sensory than motor CIPN was found (CIPNS change: mean=10.8, ranged [-3.3, 52.1]; CIPNM change: mean=3.5, range: [-7.5, 35.0]). Three groups were identified with No CIPN, Mixed CIPN, and Sensory-dominant CIPN (maximum CIPNS: mean=12.7 vs. 40.9 vs. 74.3, p<0.001; maximum CIPNM: mean=5.4 vs. 25.5 vs. 36.1, p<0.001; average CIPNS–CIPNM: mean=2.8 vs. 5.8 vs. 24.9, p<0.001). Biomarkers of motor CIPN were similar to previously identified biomarkers of sensory CIPN, including lower serum histidine (p=0.029).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that sensory and motor CIPN co-occur and may not have differentiating metabolic biomarkers. These findings need to be validated in larger cohorts of patients treated with paclitaxel and other neurotoxic agents to determine the optimal approach to predict, prevent, and treat CIPN and improve patients’ outcomes.
Multi-Omics Reveals Microbial Roles and Metabolic Functions at the Spatiotemporal Niche in Pit Mud
Authors: Ren Dongliang , Liu Shuangping , Zhang Suyi , Qin Hui , Han Xiao , Mao Jian 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background
Popular distilled Chinese strong-flavoured liquor (CSFL) is produced by solid fermentation in ground pits. Pit mud (PM), as a habitat for microbes, plays an important role in the production of CSFL. However, understanding the taxonomic composition, metabolic potential, and functional diversity of core microbes of PM in spatiotemporal niche remains a major challenge.
Results
Using a multi-omic approach of high-throughput full-length 16S rRNA, ITS sequencing, and metagenomics, we identified bacteria such as Caproiciproducens, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Bellilinea, Petrimonas, Proteiniphilum, and Prevotella and the archaea Methanobrevibacter and Methanobacterium as the core microbiota in 30-, 100-, and 300-year-old cellars. Significant correlations between microbial communities and environmental factors showed that lactic, caproic, butyric, and acetic acids were the core driving forces for microbiota succession in different spatial locations and were mainly correlated with Caproiciproducens, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Methanobrevibacter, and Methanobacterium. A total of 982 metabolites were detected using GC/MS and LC/MS, mainly including amino acids, peptides, and fatty acids, and correlations were shown between seven microorganisms and 12 amino acids and fatty acid metabolites. The crucial genes of flavour-relevant and substrate degradation pathways mainly included nine microorganism orders, with the most important being Clostridiales, Bacteroidales, and Methanobacteriales. However, only Clostridiales and Bacillales were potentially involved in alcohol–aldehyde–carboxylate–ester metabolism.
Conclusions
The 30-, 100-, and 300-year-old cellars provided an ideal opportunity to understand the effect of cellar age on the microbial composition and functional diversity of the microorganisms in PM. Our detailed metagenomic analyses across the continuously used cells extend the known diversity of microorganisms involved in flavour generation and substrate degradation over a wide range of environmental conditions. The results indicate that Clostridiales and Bacteroidales are major microbiota orders for flavour generation and substrate degradation pathways, while archaea also play an important role in cooperation with bacteria in various flavour generation pathways. This study helps elucidate the core microbiota composition, different metabolic roles of microorganisms, and the formation mechanism of PM partial functions, thus providing a basic theory to support the regulation of Baijiu production.
The relationship between Nephrotoxic Metals of cadmium, lead and mercury with Urinary Incontinence in Women
Authors: Ni Jinliang , Li Ziye , Lu Yi , Zhang Houliang , Wang Guangchun , Xie Jinbo , Xie Jun , Wang Yidi , Zhang Yifan , Wang Keyi , Mao Weipu , Peng Bo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Nephrotoxic metals of cadmium, lead and mercury are the common hazardous pollutants existing in surroundings. We examined the relationship between cadmium, lead and mercury with urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women.Materials and Methods: The women older than 20 years from the 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES) with the ascertained urinary incontinence through self-report were included. This study conducted the restricted cubic spline analysis to analyze characterize a dose-response relationship between a continuous exposure of different nephrotoxic metals and UUI and SUI.Results: A total of 4,406 women were included in this study, with 2,624 (59.6%) were SUI and 3,177 (72.1) were UUI of the weighted population. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that age, race, marital status, body mass index (BMI) and nephrotoxic metals were risk factors for the odds of UUI and SUI. The odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval) of urinary incontinence were positively correlated with cadmium and lead in women. The OR of SUI increased with the increasing blood cadmium, possessing the maximum at 4 μg/L (2.18(1.34-3.58) overall). The odds of UUI increased with the blood and urinary lead, which reached the maximum at 7 μg/dL (2.03 (1.38-3.02) overall) and 5 μg/L (2.24 (1.34-3.75) overall) respectively.Conclusions: Nephrotoxic metals of cadmium and lead were associated the odds of urinary incontinence in women. Excessive exposure to these metals will increase the OR of UUI and SUI in adult women.
Vitamin D Status Presents Different Relationships With Severity In Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Patients With Or Without Hepatitis B Infection
Authors: Luo Ling , Ye Junzhao , Shao Congxiang , Lin Yansong , Sun Yanhong , Feng Shiting , Wang Wei , Zhong Bihui 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background: Whether the associations between serum vitamin D (VitD) and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) vary with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection has not been well established. We aimed to investigate the relationships between serum VitD and metabolism, liver fat content (LFC) and fibrosis among MAFLD patients with and without CHB.Methods: Consecutive subjects (healthy controls: 360, CHB: 684, MAFLD: 521, CHB with MAFLD: 206) were prospectively enrolled between January 2015 and December 2021. Anthropometric, laboratory, imaging and histological evaluations were conducted, with LFC measured with magnetic resonance imaging-based proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF).Results: Serum VitD levels were lower in MAFLD patients than in healthy controls and patients with CHB alone or overlapping with MAFLD (24.4±8.1 vs. 29.0±9.5 vs. 27.4±9.6 vs. 26.8±8.4 ng/mL respectively; P<0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis after adjusting for confounding factors, including season, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, liver stiffness measurements, sun exposure, exercise and dietary intake, revealed that VitD remained significantly negatively correlated with LFC in MAFLD patients (β= -0.38, P<0.001) but not in CHB with MAFLD patients. Moreover, quantile regression models also demonstrated that lower VitD tertiles were inversely associated with the risk of insulin resistance and moderate-severe steatosis in the MAFLD group (P for trend <0.05) but not in the MAFLD with CHB group.Conclusions: VitD deficiency was associated with the severity of metabolic abnormalities and steatosis independent of lifestyle factors in MAFLD-alone subjects but not in MAFLD-with-CHB subjects.
Deep Learning Can Identify Explainable Reasoning Paths of Mechanism of Drug Action for Drug Repurposing from Multilayer Biological Network
Authors: Yang Jiannan , Li Zhen , Wu William , Yu Shi , Chu Qian , Zhang Qingpeng 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The discovery and repurposing of drugs require a deep understanding of the mechanism of drug action (MODA). Existing computational methods model these mechanisms with the help of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. However, the molecular interactions of drugs in the human body are far beyond the PPI network, and the lack of interpretability of these models hinders their practical applications. In this study, we propose iDPath, an interpretable deep learning-based path-reasoning framework to identify potential drugs for the treatment of diseases by capturing the MODA based on simulating the paths from drugs to diseases in the human body. We create a multilayer biological network consisting of a gene regulatory layer, a PPI layer, a protein-chemical interaction layer, and a chemical-chemical interaction layer to comprehensively characterize the molecular interactions in the human body. Based on this multilayer biological network, iDPath utilizes a graph convolutional network module to capture the global connectivity information of the human molecular network; and a long short-term memory neural network module to capture the detailed mechanisms of drug action by modeling the sequential dependencies of the MODA-related biological paths between drugs and diseases. Moreover, iDPath applies two attention modules - node attention and path attention - to further enhance its interpretability. Experiments with drug screen data show that iDPath outperforms state-of-the-art machine learning methods on a general drug repurposing task featuring 1,993 drugs and 2,794 diseases. Further investigations demonstrate that iDPath can identify explicit critical paths that are consistent with clinical evidence. To demonstrate the practical value of iDPath, we apply it to identify potential drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer. Results show that iDPath can successfully discover new FDA-approved drugs. This research provides a novel interpretable artificial intelligence perspective on drug discovery.
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization alone versus combined with microwave ablation for recurrent small hepatocellular carcinoma after resection: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Ji Jie , Yang Wei , Shi Hai-Bin , Liu Sheng , Zhou Wei-Zhong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with microwave ablation (TACE-MWA) versus TACE alone for the treatment of recurrent small hepatocellular carcinoma (sHCC) after resection.Materials and Methods: From June 2015 to January 2020, a total of 45 patients with recurrent sHCC (size ≤ 3cm) treated by TACE-MWA or TACE were included in this study. The radiological response at 1 month after initial treatment [modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST)], progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and complications were evaluated.Results: The TACE-MWA group showed a better 1-month complete response (CR) rate (82.3% vs. 42.8%, P = 0.013). The corresponding 1-, 3-, and 5-year PFS rates were 76.5%, 70.6%, and 70.6% for the TACE-MWA group, and 56.1%, 15.0%, and 15.0% for the TACE group (P = 0.003). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 100.0%, 82.1%, and 61.5% for the TACE-MWA group, and 89.0%, 58.1%, and 50.8% for the TACE group (P = 0.389), respectively. Moreover, no major complications related to treatment were observed in either of the groups. Compared with the TACE group, the TACE-MWA group had a significantly lower number of re-TACE sessions (P = 0.003).Conclusions: Although TACE alone provides equivalent effectiveness for recurrent sHCC in terms of OS rates, TACE-MWA leads to a better tumor response at 1 month and may prolong tumor PFS time.
Different Markov chains modulate visual stimuli processing in a Go-Go experiment in 2D, 3D and augmented reality
Authors: Mugruza-Vassallo Carlos , Granados José L. , Flores-Benites Victor , Córdoba-Berríos Luz 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The introduction of Augmented Reality (AR) have atracted several developments, although the human answer to AR have not been clearly studied or contrasted with 2D and 3D experience. Here, Posner paradigm was applied in 2D, 3D and AR to find whether are the differences in prediction using context stimulus. Testing of the Posner adapted task paradigm is in Supplementary MaterialResearch question: Are 2D, 3D and AR main differences processed able to predict with Markov chains?Methods: A digital acquisition card attached to the computer was arranged for testing and validating reaction time recording of participants (see Supplementary Material) and the theory of Markov chain probability. On the other hand, was a survey as a pre-assessment, to better interpret the data collected from the user throughout the experiment. Once obtained the participant data, a Markov chain analysis was performed bearing in mind accuracy True-False sequence. Subsequent to this, the influence of certain factors on the Reaction Time on the accuracy of the participants was sought in the three environments provided by video games with ANOVA.Results: Markov chains of order 1 and 2 successfully reproduced the average reaction time by overall participants in 3D and AR tasks, having only 2D task predicting with the current state and different possible regressors for 3D and AR. Moreover, a clear explanation of delayed reaction time at every modality was done and quantified.
Genetic Mapping and Physiological Analysis of Chlorophyll Deficient Mutant in Brassica Napus L.
Authors: Lin Na , Gao Yu min , Ping Xiao ke , Zhou Qing yuan , Liu Lie zhao , Li Jia na , Yin Jia ming 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Leaf colour mutants have reduced photosynthetic efficiency, which has a severely negative impact on crop growth and economic product yield. There are different chlorophyll mutants in Arabidopsis and crops that can be used for genetic control and molecular mechanism studies of Chl biosynthesis, chloroplast development and photoefficiency.Chlorophyll mutants in Brassica napus are mostly used for mapping and location research,but rarely used for physiological research.The chlorophyll deficient mutants in this experiment were both genetically mapped and physiologically analyzed. Results:In this study, yellow leaf mutants of Brassica napus L. mutated by ethyl methyl sulfone (EMS) had significantly lower chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents than the wild type, and the net photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were all significantly reduced. The mutants had sparse chloroplast distribution and weak autofluorescence. The granule stacks were reduced, and the shape was extremely irregular, with more broken stromal lamella. Transcriptome data analysis enriched the differentially expressed genes mainly in phenylpropane and sugar metabolism. The mutants were mapped to a 2.72 Mb region on A01 by using BSA-Seq and the region was validated by SSR markers.Conclusions: The mutant chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency were significantly reduced compared with those of the wild type. Abnormal chloroplasts and thylakoids less connected to the stroma lamella appeared in the mutant. This work on the mutant will facilitate the process of cloning the BnaA01.cd gene and provide more genetic and physiological information concerning chloroplast development in Brassica napus.
Enhancing Medication Risk Communication in Developing Countries: A Mixed Method Survey Among Doctors and Pharmacists in Malaysia
Authors: Panickar Rema , Aziz Zoriah , Kamarulzaman Adeeba 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: Medication risk communication is essential to ensure the safe use of medicines. However, very few nations worldwide have established effective risk communication systems. To date, the effectiveness of risk communication among healthcare professionals in Malaysia has never been evaluated. Our study aimed to (i) evaluate doctors’ and pharmacists’ awareness of risk communication methods; (ii) identify factors predicting the usefulness of these methods; and (iii) compare respondents’ preferences for risk communication to outline suggestions for enhancement. Methods: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey covering four commonly used risk communications, namely a national drug bulletin, safety alerts, Direct Healthcare Professional Communication letters (DHPCs), and educational materials. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between independent variables and the usefulness of risk communication. We performed qualitative analysis to gain insights on respondents’ perspectives on risk communication.Results: Of the 1146 responses received, 650 were from pharmacists (56.7%). Among the four methods surveyed, 71.5% of respondents were aware of educational materials, while awareness of the other three methods ranged from 20.7% to 53.9%. Pharmacists had higher awareness of all four methods compared to doctors. Private sector respondents were more aware of DHPCs compared to those from the public sector. The strongest predictors for finding risk communication useful were being a pharmacist [odds ratio (OR) = 18.2; 95% CI (10.98-30.07); p < 0.001], having ≥30 years’ work experience [OR= 4.9; 95% CI 1.98-12.08; p < 0.001], and working in the pharmaceutical industry [OR= 4.6; 95% CI (1.08-19.72); p = 0.039]. Both doctors and pharmacists preferred risk communication in the English-language and electronic format. However, other preferences differed between the professions and sectors. Analysis of free-text comments revealed five core themes to guide risk communication enhancement strategies.Conclusions: Risk communication awareness differed between public and private sector doctors and pharmacists depending on communication source. Integrating our findings with the theory of effective communication, we provide suggestions for developing strategic plans on enhancing risk communication. Public-private sector collaboration is key in ensuring risk communication effectiveness.
Sex differences in lifting velocity and blood lactate concentration during resistance exercise using different rest intervals
Authors: Mochizuki Yukina , Saito Mika , Homma Hiroki , Inoguchi Takamichi , Naito Takuto , Sakamaki-Sunaga Mikako , Kikuchi Naoki 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we examined sex differences in lifting velocity and blood lactate concentration during resistance exercise using different rest intervals (RIs).Methods: Twenty-two trained men (n = 11) and women (n = 11) completed different RIs resistance exercise sessions (90s (R90), 150s (R150), and 240s (R240)). All sessions consisted of 3 sets with a 10 repetition at 70% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM). The exercise did parallel squats with free weights. The measurement items are lifting velocity (mean velocity) in each repetition and blood lactate concentration after exercise.Results: There was a significant interaction between changes in the average velocity of 10 repetition in each set (AV10rep) and sex in each protocol, indicating that AV10rep during squat exercise has decreased in men but not in women in each protocol (p=0.002 - 0.03). Blood lactate concentration were significantly higher in men than in women, but there was no interaction. Conclusion: Our results showed that changes in lifting velocity within a set was not affected by RIs in both men and women, and changes in AV10rep between sets and blood lactate concentration after exercise were affected by RIs only in men, but not in women.
Comparison Of Apo B/A1, Lipoprotein (A) And LDL-C/Apo B For Predicting Coronary Atherosclerosis In Patients ≤65 Years With Low LDL-C
Authors: Jung Hae Won , Bae Han Joon , Hong Seung-Pyo 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Background: High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and old age are major risk factors for coronary artery disease. However, the risk factors for coronary artery disease in relatively young patients with low LDL-C have not been elucidated. Therefore, we performed this study to evaluate the risk factors of coronary artery disease, in patients under 65 years with low LDL-C.Methods: This study included 622 lipid-lowering agent naive patients ≤65 years with LDL-C <127.5 mg/dL who underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the risk factors of coronary atherosclerosis, defined as the presence of coronary plaque. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the covariate included novel lipid profiles (apolipoprotein (Apo) B/Apo A1) ratio, LDL-C/Apo B ratio, and lipoprotein (a)). Results: Of the total 622 patients, the mean age was 54.4 ± 8.9 and the mean LDL-C was 91.0 ± 23.1 mg/dL. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age, male, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were independent predictors of coronary atherosclerosis. A high LDL-C/Apo B ratio was a negative predictor of coronary atherosclerosis.Conclusions: A low LDL-C/Apo B ratio is associated with the development of coronary atherosclerosis in patients ≤65 years with low LDL-C levels.