bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 4E approach to the human microbiome: Nested interactions between the gut‐brain/body system within natural and built environments
Authors: Palacios‐García Ismael , Mhuireach Gwynne A. , Grasso‐Cladera Aitana , Cryan John F. , Parada Francisco J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe complexity of the human mind and its interaction with the environment is one of the main epistemological debates throughout history. Recent ideas, framed as the 4E perspective to cognition, highlight that human experience depends causally on both cerebral and extracranial processes, but also is embedded in a particular sociomaterial context and is a product of historical accumulation of trajectory changes throughout life. Accordingly, the human microbiome is one of the most intriguing actors modulating brain function and physiology. Here, we present the 4E approach to the Human Microbiome for understanding mental processes from a broader perspective, encompassing one's body physiology and environment throughout their lifespan, interconnected by microbiome community structure and dynamics. We review evidence supporting the approach theoretically and motivates the study of the global set of microbial ecosystem networks encountered by a person across their lifetime (from skin to gut to natural and built environments). We furthermore trace future empirical implementation of the approach. We finally discuss novel research opportunities and clinical interventions aimed toward developing low‐cost/high‐benefit integrative and personalized bio‐psycho‐socio‐environmental treatments for mental health and including the brain‐gut‐microbiome axis.
Eu3+‐doped LaF3‐based inorganic–organic hybrid nanostructured materials for broad‐spectrum excitation and strong photoluminescence
Authors: Huang Zhiyong , Xiong Chenhan , Huang Jianhua , Zhao Tianxiang , Cao Wei , Du Guoping , Chen Nan 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInorganic–organic hybrid nanoparticles formed by lanthanide‐doped nanostructures and organic ligands have been intensively studied, which could greatly increase their photoluminescence performance as a result of the energy transfer process from organic ligands to Ln3+ ions. However, the photoluminescence intensity and excitation spectral width are still quite limited on coordinating with a single type of organic ligand. In this work, Eu3+‐doped LaF3 (LaF3:Eu3+) nanoparticles were prepared using a hydrothermal method, and were then hybridized with benzoic acid and thenoyltrifluoroacetone to form the hybrid nanostructures. After that, the hybrid nanostructures were mixed with 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile and methyl methacrylate to prepare the composites. The sample obtained by hybridization and composite doping with 5% Eu3+ exhibited the best photoluminescence performance. The excitation peak width and luminescence intensity of the hybrid nanostructures were significantly increased. The excitation spectral width of the inorganic–organic mixed hybrid nanostructures was particularly enhanced, and covered the whole ultraviolet band region of solar light on Earth. The prepared composites exhibited good optical properties.
Ofloxacin‐loaded HMPB NPs for Klebsiella pneumoniae eradication in the surgical wound with the combination of PTT
Authors: Liu Tiansheng , Zhong Guowei , Tang Dongying , Liu Xu , Fan Jialong , Zhong Xianghua , Yang Yuejun , Tong Chunyi , Liu Bin , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a common bacterium whose drug‐resistant can cause surgical failures and incurable infections in hospital patients. Thus, how to reverse or delay the resistance induction has become a great challenge for development antiresistant drug. Recently, the combination of nanomaterial‐loaded antibiotics with photothermal therapy showed the efficient antibacteria ability under a low dosage of antibiotics. In this study, a nanocomposite of HMPB NPs with inherent photothermal therapy capability was used to eradicate K. pneumoniae after loading with Ofloxacin, an antibiotic against K. pneumoniae in vitro and in vivo. The nanocomplexes named as Ofloxacin@HMPB@HA NPs showed a higher effect against K. pneumoniae by destroying cell integrity and inducing ATP leakage with the assistance of laser irradiation, compared with sole Ofloxacin@HMPB@HA NPs or laser irradiation. Surgical wound infection assay further demonstrated the efficient killing K. pneumoniae and promoting the formation of new tissues, as well, which was reflected by the rapid healing of surgical wound. In summary, these results indicate the great potential of this combinational tactic based on Ofloxacin@HMPB@HA NPs for preventing the failure caused by K. pneumoniae infection.
Screening ofBletilla striata,Bletilla ochraceaandOreorchis foliosadifferential metabolites based on metabolomics
Authors: Niu Junfeng , Li Wenna , Lu Chan , Wang Zhezhi , Dong Zhongmin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAs a representative medicinal plant in the Orchidaceae,Bletilla striataplays a variety of pharmacological roles in the clinic. However, the emergence of counterfeit species is affecting the basic medicinal materials source identification process, for whichBletilla ochraceaandOreorchis foliosaof the Orchidaceae are two representative species. For this study, 13 representativeB. striatasamples, threeB. ochraceasamples and threeO. foliosasamples were selected for the systematic determination of polysaccharide yields and monosaccharide composition, and further detection of secondary metabolites by HPLC–MS. The results revealed that there was a significant difference in the yields of polysaccharides betweenB. striataandB. ochracea(p = 0.006). Although the polysaccharides of both species were composed of glucose and mannose, the molar ratio of the two monosaccharides was different, suggesting that the structures of the polysaccharides were different. The metabolomics results showed that there were no differences in the types of metabolites betweenB. striataandB. ochracea; however, there were differences in the contents of these metabolites. Although there was no significant difference in the polysaccharide yields ofB. striataandO. foliosa(p = 0.074) and the monosaccharide composition was the same (glucose and mannose), many different metabolites were screened out between them: six compounds such as C36H34O11existed only inB. striata, while substance C39H54O22was unique toO. foliosa. Therefore, based on the analysis of the polysaccharide content and monosaccharide composition, combined with phase metabolomics research, a preliminary distinction betweenB. striata,B. ochraceaandO. foliosawas achieved.
Democracy, national culture and greenhouse gas emissions: An international study
Authors: Muttakin Mohammad Badrul , Rana Tarek , Mihret Dessalegn Getie 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study examines whether a country's level of democracy is associated with greenhouse gas emission intensity of corporations and if national culture influences this association. Using cross‐country evidence, we find that firms operating in countries with strong democratic institutions are negatively associated with carbon emission intensity controlling for other country‐level variables. Democracy also moderates the positive effect of individualistic cultures on greenhouse gas emission intensity, whereas countries with high uncertainty avoidance and indulgence are associated with high emissions despite high democratic scores. That is, while the effects of democracy and culture on greenhouse gas emission intensity supplement each other, culture shapes a firm's strategy on environmental matters to a greater extent than democracy. The results are robust to alternative variable measurement.
Multimodality management of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma in a 76‐year‐old Alaska Native female during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Adams Dara R. , Ramirez‐Garcia Richard , Ginat Daniel T. , Agrawal Nishant , Seible Dan , Cipriani Nicole A. , Horowitz Peleg , Pinto Jayant M. , Chiu Brandon L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is a rare, highly aggressive tumor of the anterior skull base composed of malignant epithelial, mesenchymal, and neural tissue. Examination of cases in patients in minority populations is important in order to better understand the behavior of this neoplasm and outcomes of treatment in our nation's diverse population.
Structural monitoring of segmental tunnel linings: Toward safer and more resource‐efficient tunnels
Authors: Rauch Fabian , Fischer Oliver 
Published: March 2022

AbstractShield‐driven tunnels play a key role in an efficient and clean future mobility. In order to ensure their reliable operation and to allow further innovations, it is necessary to know their level of safety from a structural point of view. Only if the internal forces within the tunnel linings are known precisely, a realistic estimation of the load‐bearing capacity is possible. However, this is easier said than done, as the prediction of internal forces is subjected to major uncertainties. In case of shield‐driven tunnels in particular, there is still a great need for research on the prediction of internal forces. Therefore, in a current research project the authors are performing an in‐situ structural monitoring on segmental tunnel linings in Frankfurt (Main) to observe the development of the internal forces. A sophisticated monitoring concept, as well as an extensive calibration and validation program, ensures reliable results. This article presents the current status of the project including the general concepts, theoretical aspects, calibration tests in the tunnel segment testing rig as well as first in situ measurement data.
On the Mediated Electron Transfer of Immobilized Galactose Oxidase for Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Zhao Fangyuan , Brix Ann Cathrin , Lielpetere Anna , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Conzuelo Felipe 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of enzymes as catalysts in chemical synthesis offers advantages in terms of clean and highly selective transformations. Galactose oxidase (GalOx) is a remarkable enzyme with several applications in industrial conversions as it catalyzes the oxidation of primary alcohols. We have investigated the wiring of GalOx with a redox polymer; this enables mediated electron transfer with the electrode surface for its potential application in biotechnological conversions. As a result of electrochemical regeneration of the catalytic center, the formation of harmful H2O2 is minimized during enzymatic catalysis. The introduced bioelectrode was applied to the conversion of bio‐renewable platform materials, with glycerol as model substrate. The biocatalytic transformations of glycerol and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were investigated in a circular flow‐through setup to assess the possibility of substrate over‐oxidation, which is observed for glycerol oxidation but not during HMF conversion.
Uncertainty quantification of a thrombosis model considering the clotting assay PFA‐100®
Authors: Méndez Rojano Rodrigo , Zhussupbekov Mansur , Antaki James F. , Lucor Didier 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMathematical models of thrombosis are currently used to study clinical scenarios of pathological thrombus formation. As these models become more complex to predict thrombus formation dynamics high computational cost must be alleviated and inherent uncertainties must be assessed. Evaluating model uncertainties allows to increase the confidence in model predictions and identify avenues of improvement for both thrombosis modeling and anti‐platelet therapies. In this work, an uncertainty quantification analysis of a multi‐constituent thrombosis model is performed considering a common assay for platelet function (PFA‐100®). The analysis is facilitated thanks to time‐evolving polynomial chaos expansions used as a parametric surrogate for the full thrombosis model considering two quantities of interest; namely, thrombus volume and occlusion percentage. The surrogate is thoroughly validated and provides a straightforward access to a global sensitivity analysis via computation of Sobol' coefficients. Six out of 15 parameters linked to thrombus consitution, vWF activity, and platelet adhesion dynamics were found to be most influential in the simulation variability considering only individual effects; while parameter interactions are highlighted when considering the total Sobol' indices. The influential parameters are related to thrombus constitution, vWF activity, and platelet to platelet adhesion dynamics. The surrogate model allowed to predict realistic PFA‐100® closure times of 300,000 virtual cases that followed the trends observed in clinical data. The current methodology could be used including common anti‐platelet therapies to identify scenarios that preserve the hematological balance.
Using a reduced‐order model to investigate the effect of the heart rate on the aortic dissection
Authors: Keramati Hamed , Birgersson Erik , Kim Sangho , Ho Jackie P. , Leo Hwa Liang 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe computational cost of a three‐dimensional (3D) fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulation of a dissected aorta has prevented researchers from investigating the effect of a wide range of the heart rate on the hemodynamic quantities in the disease. We have presented a systematic procedure to develop a zero‐dimensional (0D) model for a dissected aorta. A series of numerical experiments were used to calculate the values for the resistance, inertance, and compliance of each lumen with irregular geometries. Having validated the results from the 0D model against those from the 3D model for one heart rate, we used the 0D model to investigate the effect of the heart rate of 50–150 bpm on the flow rates and the pressures in an idealized geometry of an aortic dissection. The 0D model showed acceptable accuracy when compared with the 3D FSI simulation. For instance, at peak systole, 7.18% relative error in the flow rate in the true lumen was observed for 0D and 3D simulations. The flow rate in the true lumen showed a stronger dependency on the heart rate, that is, 300% for the true lumen and 1.5% for the false lumen. The pressure difference between the lumina increased non‐monotonically as the heart beats faster. Because of its efficiency, the reported procedure can be used for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the hemodynamic quantities in a diseased aorta with complex geometries such as that of the aortic dissection.
Effects of advanced platelet‐rich fibrin combined with xenogenic bone on human periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Nguyen Meo , Nguyen Thuy Thu , Tran Ha Le Bao , Tran Dang Ngoc , Ngo Lan Thi Quynh , Huynh Nam Cong‐Nhat 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of a mixture of advanced platelet‐rich fibrin (A‐PRF) and xenogenic bone substitute material (XBSM) on the proliferation and migration of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) based on the in vitro release of growth factors.Material and MethodsThe concentrations of platelet‐derived growth factor‐AB (PDGF‐AB) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) released by the A‐PRF‐XBSM mixture were estimated using enzyme‐linked immunoassay for up to 7 d. The A‐PRF‐XBSM mixture exudate was incubated with hPDLSCs. At Days 1, 3, 5, and 7, cell proliferation and migration were investigated by cell counting and wound‐healing assays.ResultsPDGD‐AB and VEGF were released from the A‐PRF‐XBSM mixture exudate for up to 7 days. hPDLSCs were cultured in media with various concentrations of the A‐PRF‐XBSM mixture exudate and exhibited their proliferation and migration ability. Furthermore, the factors released from the 100% A‐PRF‐XBSM mixture exudate had a substantial effect on cell migration, whereas those released from 4% and 20% A‐PRF‐XBSM mixture exudates stimulated hPDLSC proliferation.ConclusionsA‐PRF‐XBSM mixture continuously released growth factors over 7 days and enhanced hPDLSC proliferation and migration. Therefore, A‐PRF in combination with XBSM might provide potential advantages for periodontal tissue regeneration.
Identification of snow mold tolerance QTL in a landrace winter wheat using linkage mapping
Authors: Phipps Savannah N. , Burke Adrienne B. , Balow Kerry , Smith Jared , Murray Timothy , Carter Arron H. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn areas of the Pacific Northwest (PNW), snow mold, a fungal disease with multiple causal agents, can have severe impacts on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) yields. Growing tolerant varieties is the best option to manage the disease; however, genetic diversity for the trait is limited in local varieties. The winter wheat landrace PI 173438 has been used in Japan to improve snow mold tolerance but has not been used in PNW breeding programs. A doubled haploid population from a cross between PI 173438 and susceptible variety WA 8137 was used to identify novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with snow mold tolerance that would be validated using marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in two separate populations. A linkage map was developed using genotypic data collected on the PI 173438/WA 8137 population, which was then used with phenotypic data in composite interval mapping for QTL analysis. Six QTL were found associated with snow mold tolerance traits, five of which originated from PI 173438. A QTL was found on chromosome 1D that has not been reported before. The remaining QTL occurred on chromosomes that were previously reported to have snow mold tolerant QTL, some of which may be identical. Several of these QTL and linked markers were suitable for testing via MAS on separate populations revealing no significant difference amongst the three or four QTL that could be tested. Such results continue to indicate the complexity of breeding for snow mold tolerance using molecular markers.
Changes in the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of eating disorder symptoms from 2013 to 2020 among a large national sample of U.S. young adults: A repeated cross‐sectional study
Authors: Romano Kelly A. , Lipson Sarah K. , Beccia Ariel L. , Quatromoni Paula A. , Gordon Allegra R. , Murgueitio Jose 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to: (1) identify recent temporal changes in the prevalence of different cognitive and behavioral eating disorder (ED) symptoms, current probable EDs, lifetime ED diagnoses, and mental healthcare use among college students across the United States; (2) determine whether established disparities in ED prevalence and receiving mental healthcare have widened or narrowed over time for marginalized groups within this population.MethodParticipants included a large national sample of U.S. college students (N = 286,720) who completed the repeated cross‐sectional Healthy Minds Study from 2013 to 2020. Descriptive statistics and polynomial regressions quantified time‐trends in participants' ED symptoms and past 12‐month mental healthcare. Moderated regressions examined temporal changes in ED symptoms and mental healthcare based on sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsIndividuals' engagement in different cognitive and behavioral ED symptoms, and likelihoods of exhibiting current probable EDs, reporting lifetime ED diagnoses, and (for individuals with current probable EDs) receiving therapy or counseling in the past 12‐months exhibited nonlinear increases from 2013 to 2020. Further, the prevalence of current and lifetime ED symptoms and (for symptomatic individuals) past 12‐month mental healthcare differed over time for individuals with different BMIs and gender, sexual, and racial/ethnic identities (but not ages). In particular, individuals with higher BMIs and those who identified as male, bisexual, and gay, lesbian, or queer exhibited increasing ED pathology over time.DiscussionThese findings provide important information on groups of U.S. college students that have experienced increasing burden of ED symptoms and may help guide ED prevention, treatment, and research priorities.Public SignificanceRecent temporal changes in the prevalence of eating disorder (ED) symptoms and mental healthcare were examined in a national sample of U.S. young adults.Non‐linear increases in ED symptoms and mental healthcare were identified among U.S. young adults overall from 2013 to 2020.U.S. young adults with higher BMIs, males, bisexual, and gay, lesbian, or queer individuals exhibited increasing ED burden over time.
Effects of climate variability on the demography of wild geladas
Authors: Sloan Evan T. , Beehner Jacinta C. , Bergman Thore J. , Lu Amy , Snyder‐Mackler Noah , Jacquemyn Hans 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNonhuman primates are an essential part of tropical biodiversity and play key roles in many ecosystem functions, processes, and services. However, the impact of climate variability on nonhuman primates, whether anthropogenic or otherwise, remains poorly understood. In this study, we utilized age‐structured matrix population models to assess the population viability and demographic variability of a population of geladas (Theropithecus gelada) in the Simien Mountains, Ethiopia with the aim of revealing any underlying climatic influences. Using data from 2008 to 2019 we calculated annual, time‐averaged, and stochastic population growth rates (λ) and investigated relationships between vital rate variability and monthly cumulative rainfall and mean temperature. Our results showed that under the prevailing environmental conditions, the population will increase (λs = 1.021). Significant effects from rainfall and/or temperature variability were widely detected across vital rates; only the first year of infant survival and the individual years of juvenile survival were definitively unaffected. Generally, the higher temperature in the hot‐dry season led to lower survival and higher fecundity, while higher rainfall in the hot‐dry season led to increased survival and fecundity. Overall, these results provide evidence of greater effects of climate variability across a wider range of vital rates than those found in previous primate demography studies. This highlights that although primates have often shown substantial resilience to the direct effects of climate change, their vulnerability may vary with habitat type and across populations.