bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species of Russula subgenus Heterophyllidiae (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota) from Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Song Yu 
Published: June 2022

Two new species of subgenus Heterophyllidiae subsection Cyanoxanthinae, Russula fusiformata Y.Song sp. nov. and R. purpureorosea Y.Song sp. nov., collected from the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve (DHSBR), are described based on both morphology and a phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), further increasing Heterophyllidiae species diversity in the area. Differences between the two new species and related taxa are analyzed. The other 17 reported species of Russula subgenus Heterophyllidiae that have been collected from DHSBR during mushroom explorations since 2014 are also summarized. The dominant species and the ecological distribution of all 19 species are briefly discussed, and most species are presented in macrofungal plates.
brinquedo e o brincar da era digital
Authors: Farias Michelle Chagas de , Wortmann Maria Lúcia Castagna 
Published: June 2022

Focalizando o atual cenário de aceleradas transformações tecnológicas e dos processos comunicacionais, este estudo tem como propósito central refletir sobre os efeitos que as chamadas novas mídias e tecnologias têm produzido sobre a configuração dos brinquedos e também sobre os modos de brincar. O artigo está organizado em três seções: primeiramente destaca-se a vinculação da cultura infantil às mídias; na segunda seção, examina-se a trajetória de uma marca de brinquedos; e, por último, registram-se “outros modos” de brincar e de pensar sobre as infâncias emergentes no contexto sociocultural contemporâneo. Compreende-se que as modificações ocorridas relativamente às interações com os aparatos tecnológicos estenderam-se aos “modos de brincar”, pois as crianças, frequentemente, brincam “conectadas” às diferentes mídias, intercalando em suas brincadeiras o “real” e o “virtual”. Entende-se, também que os significados atribuídos ao brincar foram expandidos nas novas formas de brincar e que essas estão cada vez mais aderidas a ações de consumo.
THE PROGRESS OF THYROID CANCER IN THE COVID 19 PERIOD
Authors: UYAN Mikail , TOMAS Kadir , KALCAN Süleyman , ÖZDEMİR Ali , DEMİRAL Gökhan , PERGEL Ahmet 
Published: June 2022

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on thyroid cancer stage.
Methods : Our study includes comparative analysis on two patient groups treated for thyroid cancer. Patients who were treated for thyroid cancer between 11 April 2018 and 11 March 2020 were included in Group 1, and patients who were treated for thyroid cancer between 11 March 2020 and 11 February 2022 during the COVID-19 epidemic were included in Group 2.
Results: Groups 1 and 2 included 163 and 117 patients, respectively. Patients with preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) as potentially malignant or malignant were significantly higher in Group 2 (p=0.001). When compared according to the postoperative pathological diagnoses, there was a significant difference between the groups, poorly differentiated thyroid cancer was more common in Group 2 (p=0.018). Pathological tumor diameter was significantly larger in Group 2 (p=0.001).
Conclusions: Patients with suspicious findings in terms of thyroid diseases and cancer applied to the hospital later, both because of the fear of contracting COVID-19 and as a result of the pandemic measures recommended and implemented by all world health authorities. These patients applied to the hospital with their complaints gradually increasing in the following periods, parallel to this, there was a delay in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer and the disease could be detected at a more advanced stage.
Integrated metabolomics and transcriptome analysis on flavonoid biosynthesis in flowers of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) during colour-transition
Authors: Ren Chaoxiang , Chen Chao , Dong Shuai , Wang Rui , Xian Bin , Liu Tianlei , Xi Ziqing , Pei Jin , Chen Jiang 
Published: June 2022

Background
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), well known for its flower, is widely used as a dye and traditional Chinese medicine. Flavonoids, especially flavonoid glycosides, are the main pigments and active components. However, their biosynthesis is largely unknown. Interestingly, the colour of flowers in safflower changed from yellow to red during flower development, while much of the gene and chemical bases during colour transition are unclear.

Methods
In this research, widely targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics were used to elucidate the changes in flavonoid biosynthesis from the gene and chemical points of view in flowers of safflower during colour transition. The screening of differential metabolites depended on fold change and variable importance in project (VIP) value. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by DESeq2 method. RT-PCR was used to analyse relative expressions of DEGs.

Results
A total of 212 flavonoid metabolites, including hydroxysafflor yellow A, carthamin and anthocyanins, were detected and showed a large difference. The candidate genes of glycosyltransferases and flavonoid hydroxylase that might participate in flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis were screened. Ten candidate genes were screened. Through integrated metabolomics and transcriptome analysis, a uridine diphosphate glucose glycosyltransferase gene, CtUGT9 showed a significant correlation with flavonoid glycosides in safflower. In addition, expression analysis showed that CtUGT9 was mainly expressed in the middle development of flowers and was significantly upregulated under MeJA treatment. Our results indicated that CtUGT9 might play an important role in flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis during colour-transition in safflower.
Major Soil Series of Capiz, Philippines and their Suitable Crops
Authors: Balacase Auralyn F. , Badayos Rodrigo B. , Sanchez Pearl B. , Paterno Erlindas , Sta. Cruz Pompec 
Published: June 2022

Evaluation and assessment of soil variabilities to determine crop suitability, constraints and best management practices to enhance crop productivity of the major soil series in Capiz were conducted from March to July 2016. A random collection of composite soil samples were taken from three depths (0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm) on the shoulder, back slope, and foot slope. Composite soil samples were air dried, pulverized, and were passed through a 2 mm mesh sieve and were analyzed in the laboratory. Results of laboratory analysis were used in matching land qualities and crop requirements following the 1975 FAO framework. Crop suitability ratings obtained from the results of matching were used to map crop suitability using geographical information system (GIS) and in determining limitations of these major soils to crop production. Results show that Alimodian, Bantog, Faraon, Luisiana, San Manuel, and Sapian soil series were currently not suitable (N1) for corn due to soil acidity problem (pH<5). However, Alimodian, Bantog, Faraon and Sapian series were marginally suitable (S3) to banana, sugarcane, sweet potato and upland rice. Luisiana and San Manuel series were only marginally suitable to cassava but currently not suitable to other crops and permanently not suitable (N2) to irrigated and lowland rice. Other soil constraints identified to limit production of crops include drainage, coarse fragments, soil depth, topography, and rainfall. Regular conduct of soil survey and analysis is recommended to monitor fertility status and degree of variabilities in the field for proper land use. Farmers should also be oriented with new technologies to improve soil productivity and crop yield.
Effect of Decryodes edulis (African Black Pear) Aqueous Leaf Extract on Liver Enzyme Markers of Acetaminophen-induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors: Omeodu S. I. , Aleme B. M. , Uahomo P. O. , Osah P. C. 
Published: June 2022

Aim: This study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Dacryodes edulis (African Black Pear) on liver enzyme markers associated with acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.
Method: Qualitative phytochemical screening was done on the aqueous leaves extract of D. edulis and in vivo experiment was carried out afterwards. 20 adult male Wistar rats were used which were randomized into 5 groups of 4 rats each. Group 1 served as the positive control and were fed with rat pellets and water only, Group 2 served as acetaminophen control and were fed with rat pellets and water and then treated with 2 g/kg acetaminophen only, Group 3, 4 and 5 was served 2g/kg acetaminophen and treated with 100mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of stock solution of the plant extract in addition to rat pelleted feed and water ad libitum. The experimental process lasted for 14 days after which blood samples were collected for liver enzyme assay. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparatate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assayed using Randox Kits.
Results: Result obtained revealed that aqueous extract of Dacryodes edulis significantly (p<0.05) reduced acetaminophen hepatotoxicity at a dose dependent rate evident by the reduction in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, Urea and creatinine.
Conclusion: The result showed the hepatoprotective effect of Dacryodesedulis against toxicity induced by acetaminophen induction in the liver and this is due to the phytochemicals present in the leaf part of Dacryodes edulis. Hence, Dacryodes edulis has hepatoprotective potential against acetaminophen liver damage.
Preparation of Angiotico-2 (A-2) an Electrohomeopathic Remedy, its TLC, FTIR, Pharmacognocalogical, Phytochemical, Chemical, Heavy Metal, Pesticide, Food Additives and Microbial Screening for Safe Usage
Authors: Babu P. Suresh , Bhavya D. C. , Murthy E. Siddalinga , Ramesha B. , Pujji M. P. S. , Mogra Achala , Chandrika I. , Kumar S. Naveen 
Published: June 2022

To evaluate phytochemical, heavy metal, pesticide, microbial assay, and also FTIR studies of Angiatico-2 (A-2) an Electrohomeopathic remedy to evaluate safety and efficacy for its usage. Electrohomeopathy / Electropathy is one purely herbal medical system invented by Italian C. C. Mattie (1809-1896) has been practiced since the 1860s across the world. Electrohomeopathy has its own unique principles, plants selection, the process of remedies preparation, diagnosis, selection, and combination of drugs for different diseases, dosage, and treatment methods. In India, it is estimated that there are about 450-500 institutions imparting education and research, about 4.5 to 5 lacks practitioners are practicing and millions of population getting benefits currently. The government of India initiated steps to recognize Electrohomeopathy medical system under the constitution. Unfortunately, there is very limited scientific evidence to evaluate the safety, efficacy, phytochemical, and pharmacology studies in Electrohomeopathy. We prepared Angiatico-2 an Electrohomeopathic remedy as Mother Solution and D4 dilutions and evaluated it’s phytochemical screening, TLC, FTIR spectrum, Physical and Chemical nature, presence or absence of heavy metals, Pesticide, Food Additives and Microbial under NABL standards for its safety usage. Electrohomeopathic herbal remedy Angiatico-2 prepared by using 7 non poisonous plants by Krauss method under standard condition and not shown any heavy metals, pesticide presence and also no microbial presence above the limit level of FSSAI standard. Present studies of Electrohomeopathic herbal remedy Angiatico-2 preparation and its screening in standard scientific laboratory condition, TLC & FTIR studies may become reference standards for the manufacture of Angiatico-2 for bulk quantity at industrial level for. The present research investigations outcome with reproducibility may become standard markers or signatures to assess the quality and safe use of Angiatico-2.
Influence of Organic and Inorganic Nutrients on Horticultural and Biochemical Traits of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Chauhan Manish , Shilpa . , Bijalwan Priyanka , Sharma H. R. , Shukla Y. R. 
Published: June 2022

The present study was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm at Dr YSP UHF Nauni, Solan during the year 2019-20 and 2020-21. The experimentation was designed in RCBD along with three replications. The data was worked out for various growth, yield and biochemical attributes of garlic. The outcomes of the investigation presented that maximum plant height (88.49 cm), number of leaves per plant (10.35), bulb weight (64.81g), yield per hectare (199.46 q), was calculated for the treatment combination comprising of 75% RDN + Zn @ 5kg/ha + S @ 40kg/ha + 5% Jeevamrit @ 1 l/m2(T13). Observations from the recorded data also proved that 75% RDN + Zn @ 5kg/ha + S @ 40kg/ha + 5% Jeevamrit @ 1 l/m2(T13) recorded maximum oleoresin content(%)and dry matter content (%) i.e. 1.55 and 46.12. Hence, this combination can be further recommended to grower, so they can fetch more yield from the limited land holding.
Effect of Warm Water Bathe on the Testes and Sperm Quality of Adult Wistar Rats
Authors: Aguwa Ugochukwu Samuel , Temple Ibeh Chidubem , Echezona Eze , Nwosu Chioma , Okonkwo David Izuchukwu , Uzoahia Adline Uchechi , Adedokun Janeth, , Owoh Ifeanyichukwu Michael 
Published: June 2022

Hot water bathe is both therapeutic and habitual. Studies have shown that the testis functions optimally at temperatures slightly below body temperature. This study is designed to evaluate the effect of regular warm water bath on the histoarchitecture of the testis and the sperm quality in Wistar rats. Twenty rats were divided into four groups of five rats each based on closeness of body weight. Rats were soaked fully (except head and neck) inside water of varying temperatures. The control group A was soaked in normal water at room temperature. The other rats in groups B, C and D were exposed to warm water at 30oC, 35oC and 40oC respectively for 10 minutes every day for 14 days. Twenty four hours after the last exposure, the animals were weighed and sacrificed using chloroform sedation. The semen was extracted from the tail end of the epididymis for analysis of sperm quality while the testes were fixed in 10% formal saline for histological studies. Data was analyzed using the SPSS (version 21). Results obtained were expressed as Mean ± SD in each group. Tested parameters were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences between means were regarded significant at P<0.05
The findings of the present study showed that warm water bath at 30⁰C and 35⁰C did not cause reduction in sperm count or rat weight. However, at 40OC spermatogenesis was adversely affected.
Incidence of Multi-Drug Resistant among Diarrhoeagenic Children 0-60 Months with Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Organisms Isolated in Selected Hospitals of Bauchi State Metropolis
Authors: Jasada Ijudai , Umar A. F. , Agbo E. , Abdulrahman Omammegbe 
Published: June 2022

Background: Salmonella non-typhoidal is associated with various gastrointestinal diseases with a significant increase in antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health challenge, which has accelerated by the overuse of antibiotics, causes severe infections, complications, longer hospital stays and increased mortality in the study area. To screen and isolate multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella from diarrhoeagenic children aged 0-60 months.
Methodology: A total of 222 stool samples were collected from symptomatic diarrhoeagenic children between August-December, 2019 in selected hospitals in Bauchi state metropolis. Samples were subjected to microbiological analysis and antibiotic resistance was determined by the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index.β-lactamase genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 50 isolates of Salmonella obtained and 9 positive isolates of non-typhoidal was obtained respectively. Non-typhoidal Salmonella were discovered to be more prevalence among age between 48-60 months (37.50%), male children (62.50%), outpatients (62.50%) and more prevalence among patient attending Bauchi State Specialist Hospital (33.33%).
Results: The results of antimicrobial susceptibility of the commonly used and prescribed antibiotics showed that, 87.5% of the non-typhoidal Salmonella were resistant to cloxacillin, followed by 75% to tetracycline and 75% to chloramphenicol. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of the non-typhoidal Salmonella in this study shows that 62.5% have MAR index of ≥ 0.5, this indicate a significant level of misuse of these antibiotics. The result revealed a positive correlation and the relationship was statistically significant (0.005) at 1% level of significant. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected tetA gene and tetB gene.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated a relatively high level of gene mediated antibiotic resistance to tetracycline and other antibiotics. The high prevalence and increased resistance especially among non-typhoidal Salmonella is a cause of concern and reiterates the need for extensive routine checks along with stool samples for better management of gastroenteritis.
Teaching Microbiology- Online and Offline Challenges during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Radu Mihaela Corina , Matei Catalina Vali , Bodea Delia , Dumitrescu Anca , Manolescu Loredana Sabina Cornelia 
Published: June 2022

Background: The coronavirus pandemic has caused a general crisis, affecting several sectors of the society, sectors that were not exactly ready to deal with critical situations. This is also the case with education, which was faced a huge challenge: digital, online teaching teaching.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of online microbiology course with a traditional course, taught by the same professors, the students involved are in the first three years of study at the Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, in the University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" from Bucharest.
Methods: The period of our study was of two years, 2019-2021. The first year had digital classes and the second had face to face classes The study conducted a prospective study. It was used a 10-question questionnaire as a tool for assessing students' perceptions regarding the difficulty of online teaching with every aspect, such as homework’s, projects, presentations and online browsing. It was also compared the method of online and traditional education.
Results: Almost half of our participants, 46.9% found the teaching files for the online lectures satisfactory and understandable while 51% of students considered easier to study online than face to face. Regarding face-to-face studying, 67.3% of the responders voted for the face-to-face teaching. Technical issues were reported by 47.2% when connecting or during online classes.
Findings: This study will contribute to future research that investigates students' perceptions of microbiology courses and laboratories to ensure the development of a quality microbiology curriculum.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Hopkins Zachary H. , Thiboutot Diane , Homsi Haya A. , Perez-Chada Lourdes Maria , Barbieri John S. 
Published: June 2022

ImportanceMultiple patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) exist for patients with acne. However, little is known about the content validity and other measurement properties of these PROMs.ObjectiveTo systematically review PROMs for HRQoL in adults or adolescents with acne.Data SourcesEligible studies were extracted from PubMed and Embase (OVID).Study SelectionFull-text articles published in English or Spanish on development, pilot, or validation studies for acne-specific, dermatology-specific, or generic HRQoL PROMs were included. Development studies included original development studies, even if not studied in acne patients per Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) recommendations. If a study included several diagnoses, the majority (ie, over 50%) of patients must have acne or acne-specific subgroup analyses must be available. Abstract and full-text screening was performed by 2 independent reviewers.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo independent reviewers assessed study quality applying the COSMIN checklist and extracted and analyzed the data. For each distinctive PROM, quality of evidence was graded by measurement property.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPROM properties (target population, domains, recall period, development language), PROM development and pilot studies, content validity (relevance, comprehensiveness, comprehensibility), and remaining measurement properties (structural validity, internal consistency, cross-cultural validity, reliability, measurement error, criterion validity, construct validity, and responsiveness). Quality of evidence was assigned for each measurement property of included PROMs. An overall recommendation level was assigned based on content validity and quality of the evidence of measurement properties.ResultsWe identified 54 acne PROM development or validation studies for 10 acne-specific PROMs, 6 dermatology-specific PROMs, and 5 generic PROMs. Few PROMs had studies for responsiveness. The only acne-specific PROMs with sufficient evidence for content validity were the CompAQ and Acne-Q. Based on available evidence, the Acne-Q and CompAQ can be recommended for use in acne clinical studies.Conclusions and RelevanceTwo PROMs can currently be recommended for use in acne clinical studies: the Acne-Q and CompAQ. Evidence on content validity and other measurement properties were lacking for all PROMs; further research investigating the quality of remaining acne-specific, dermatology-specific, and generic HRQoL PROMs is required to recommend their use.
Magneto–Electric–Optical Coupling in Multiferroic BiFeO3‐Based Films
Authors: Geng Wan‐Rong , Tang Yun‐Long , Zhu Yin‐Lian , Wang Yu‐Jia , Wu Bo , Yang Li‐Xin , Feng Yan‐Peng , Zou Min‐Jie , Shi Tong‐Tong , Cao Yi , Ma Xiu‐Liang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractManipulating ferroic orders and realizing their coupling in multiferroics at room temperature are promising for designing future multifunctional devices. Single external stimulation has been extensively proved to demonstrate the ability of ferroelastic switching in multiferroic oxides, which is crucial to bridge the ferroelectricity and magnetism. However, it is still challenging to directly realize multi‐field‐driven magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic oxides as potential multifunctional electrical devices. Here, novel magneto–electric–optical coupling in multiferroic BiFeO3‐based thin films at room temperature mediated by deterministic ferroelastic switching using piezoresponse/magnetic force microscopy and aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscopy are shown. Reversible photoinduced ferroelastic switching exhibiting magnetoelectric responses is confirmed in BiFeO3‐based films, which works at flexible strain states. This work directly demonstrates room‐temperature magneto–electric–optical coupling in multiferroic films, which provides a framework for designing potential multi‐field‐driven magnetoelectric devices such as energy conservation memories.