bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caught in Action: Visualizing Dynamic Nanostructures Within Supramolecular Systems Chemistry
Authors: Venugopal Akhil , Ruiz‐Perez Lorena , Swamynathan K. , Kulkarni Chidambar , Calò Annalisa , Kumar Mohit 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSupramolecular systems chemistry has been an area of active research to develop nanomaterials with life‐like functions. Progress in systems chemistry relies on our ability to probe the nanostructure formation in solution. Often visualizing the dynamics of nanostructures which transform over time is a formidable challenge. This necessitates a paradigm shift from dry sample imaging towards solution‐based techniques. We review the application of state‐of‐the‐art techniques for real‐time, in situ visualization of dynamic self‐assembly processes. We present how solution‐based techniques namely optical super‐resolution microscopy, solution‐state atomic force microscopy, liquid‐phase transmission electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations and other emerging techniques are revolutionizing our understanding of active and adaptive nanomaterials with life‐like functions. This Review provides the visualization toolbox and futuristic vision to tap the potential of dynamic nanomaterials.
Fast Li‐ion Storage and Dynamics in TiO2 Nanoparticle Clusters Probed by Smart Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy
Authors: Tetteh Emmanuel Batsa , Valavanis Dimitrios , Daviddi Enrico , Xu Xiangdong , Santana Santos Carla , Ventosa Edgar , Martín‐Yerga Daniel , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Unwin Patrick R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnatase TiO2 is a promising material for Li‐ion (Li+) batteries with fast charging capability. However, Li+ (de)intercalation dynamics in TiO2 remain elusive and reported diffusivities span many orders of magnitude. Here, we develop a smart protocol for scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) with in situ optical microscopy (OM) to enable the high‐throughput charge/discharge analysis of single TiO2 nanoparticle clusters. Directly probing active nanoparticles revealed that TiO2 with a size of ≈50 nm can store over 30 % of the theoretical capacity at an extremely fast charge/discharge rate of ≈100 C. This finding of fast Li+ storage in TiO2 particles strengthens its potential for fast‐charging batteries. More generally, smart SECCM‐OM should find wide applications for high‐throughput electrochemical screening of nanostructured materials.
Adsorption decolorization and composition analysis of high melting point Fischer–Tropsch waxes
Authors: Jiang Chenguang , Zhang Shengzhen , Zhang Cuiqing , Li Xiaofeng , Guo Yi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe decolorization and quality improvement of the high melting point Fischer–Tropsch wax were carried out by the method of adsorption refining, and the activated clay was selected as adsorbent. The effects of adsorption decolorization temperature on the wax products were evaluated by testing the saybolt color number and whiteness value of the waxes. Meanwhile, the influence of adsorption decolorization temperature on the composition of waxes was investigated by gas chromatography (GC), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric mass spectrometry (TG‐MS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) characterizations of waxes and adsorbents activated clay before and after use. The results showed that the best adsorption decolorization temperature is 120°C, and the corresponding saybolt color number of decolorization waxes is +16. The reasons for the poor chromaticity of high melting point wax are not only the inorganic components mainly composed of residual ultrafine catalyst particles but also the organic components of unsaturated carbon–carbon double bonds and heteroatomic compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The oxidative deterioration of the unsaturated carbon–carbon double bond and hydrocarbons with low bond energy in waxes, as well as the oxidation of hydrocarbons containing oxygen and nitrogen heteroatoms, may be the main reasons for the yellowing of the wax products in the process of decolorization.
High‐performance epoxy composites improved by uniformly dispersed and partly thermal reduced graphene oxide sheets
Authors: Xu Hui , Liu Zhiqing , Qiao Chenghui , Zhang Xintao , Zhang Qi , Zhang Yuerong , Zheng Yaochen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh‐performance graphene oxide (GO) and graphene reinforced epoxy composites have made great development in various properties (such as, mechanical and thermal property) compared with the neat epoxy thermosets. However, under curing conditions, the GOs are thermal reduced and give rise to aggregation, deteriorating the properties of the epoxy/GO composites. Here, GOs and thermal reduced GOs (rGOs) could be uniformly dispersed in epoxy resin under the assistant of the dispersant, pyrene group functionalized polyethylene glycol (Py‐PEG‐Py). The thermal reduced behavior of GOs had been proved by the tests of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). And the dispersion of individual GO sheets within epoxy matrix was confirmed by the measurements of dynamic laser scattering (DLS). Accordingly, the remarkable enhancement in performances of GOs reinforced epoxy was achieved. Typically, incorporation of as less as 0.03 wt% GOs and 3.0 wt% Py‐PEG‐Py, flexural strength (113.2 MPa) increases by 56.5%, fracture toughness (KIC) (1.94 MPa m0.5) increases by 55%, respectively. This work confirms GO can be thermal reduced under curing conditions and also highlights the importance of the microscopic uniformity of GO or rGO within epoxy matrix on the mechanical performances of composites.
Making molehills out of mountains: Removing moral meaning from prior immoral actions
Authors: Helion Chelsea , Ward Adrian , O'Shea Ian , Pizarro David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAt some point in their lives, most people have told a lie, intentionally hurt someone else, or acted selfishly at the expense of another. Despite knowledge of their moral failings, individuals are often able to maintain the belief that they are moral people. This research explores one mechanism by which this paradoxical process occurs: the tendency to represent one's past immoral behaviors in concrete or mechanistic terms, thus stripping the action of its moral implications. Across five studies, we document this basic pattern and provide evidence that this process impacts evaluations of an act's moral wrongness. We further demonstrate an extension of this effect, such that when an apology describes an immoral behavior using mechanistic terms, it is viewed as less sincere and less forgivable, likely because including low‐level or concrete language in an apology fails to communicate the belief that one's actions were morally wrong.
Role of ferroptosis inhibitors in the management of diabetes
Authors: Prasad M Krishna , Mohandas Sundhar , Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFerroptosis, the iron‐dependent, lipid peroxide‐mediated cell death, has garnered attention due to its critical involvement in crucial physiological and pathological cellular processes. Indeed, several studies have attributed its role in developing a range of disorders, including diabetes. As accumulating evidence further the understanding of ferroptotic mechanisms, the impact this specialized mode of cell death has on diabetic pathogenesis is still unclear. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have highlighted the association of ferroptosis with beta‐cell death and insulin resistance, supported by observations of marked alterations in ferroptotic markers in experimental diabetes models. The constant improvement in understanding ferroptosis in diabetes has demonstrated it as a potential therapeutic target in diabetic management. In this regard, ferroptosis inhibitors promise to rescue pancreatic beta‐cell function and alleviate diabetes and its complications. This review article elucidates the key ferroptotic pathways that mediate beta‐cell death in diabetes, and its complications. In particular, we share our insight into the cross talk between ferroptosis and other hallmark pathogenic mediators such as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress regulators relevant to diabetes progression. Further, we extensively summarize the recent developments on the role of ferroptosis inhibitors and their therapeutic action in alleviating diabetes and its complications.
Identifying unknown specimens using predictive phylogenies for remote forensic education
Authors: Lorusso Nicholas S. , Gemmellaro M. Denise 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne significant impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic for educators in forensic science was adapting what is traditionally a very applied field to a virtual learning environment. Because of this, science classes with a practical laboratory component had to implement significant adjustments to ensure that student learning objectives were still met, including practical elements. To provide learners with an alternative to a traditional lab exercise in forensic entomology, we designed an exercise to be conducted completely remotely to instruct students in how to identify a real unknown specimen using a hypothetical phylogenetic tree they create. Students retrieved data and make predictions using public databases, generate phylogenies based off sequence data, and finally determine the identity of the unknown sequence provided. This lab replacement exercise has been adapted to be accessible to learners from different academic levels and takes the length of one two‐and‐a‐half‐hour lab period to complete. Through creating this resource, we have been able to link molecular systematics to forensic education and provide learners who download this publicly available exercise insight into how forensic questions are answered.
Development of the expression and prognostic significance of m5C‐related LncRNAs in breast cancer
Authors: Xu Gaoran , Li Chengxin , Di Ziyang , Yang Yalong , Liang Leilei , Yuan Qianqian , Yang Qian , Dong Xingxing , Xu Siguang , Wu Gaosong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground5‐Methylcytosine (m5C) methylation is a major epigenetic RNA modification and is closely related to tumorigenesis in various cancers. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of m5C‐related lncRNAs in breast cancer.MethodsClinical characteristics and RNA‐seq expression data from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) were used in the study. First, we performed differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis and constructed a PPI network for the 12 m5C regulators. Then, we identified the m5C‐related LncRNAs by the “cor. test.” An m5C‐related lncRNA prognostic risk signature was developed using univariate Cox regression and Lasso‐penalized Cox regression analyses. The model's performance was determined using Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis and ROC curves. Finally, a nomogram was constructed for clinical application in evaluating patients with BRCA. We also researched the drug sensitivity of signature lncRNAs and immune cell infiltration. Finally, we validated the expression of the signature lncRNAs through qRT–PCR in a breast cancer cell line and a breast epithelial cell line.ResultsOverall, we constructed an 11‐lncRNA risk score signature based on the lncRNAs associated with m5C regulators. According to the median risk score, we divided BRCA patients into high‐ and low‐risk groups. The prognostic risk signature displayed excellent accuracy and demonstrated sufficient independence from other clinical characteristics. The immune cell infiltration analysis showed that the prognostic risk signature was related to the infiltration of immune cell subtypes. Drug sensitivity proved that our prognostic risk signature potentially has therapeutic value.ConclusionsThe m5C‐related lncRNA signature reliably predicted the prognosis of breast cancer patients and may provide new insight into the breast cancer tumor immune microenvironment.
Clinical outcomes of non‐nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelial carcinoma treated with a combined modality approach: A single‐institution study
Authors: Qiu Zichen , Lin Feifei , Lyu Shaowen , Xie Dehuan , Wang Lei , Wu Zheng , Cheng Wanqin , Tao Yalan , Su Yong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study presents a summary of the clinical characteristics of non‐nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelial carcinoma (NNPLEC), effects of combined modality treatment and prognostic value of plasma Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) load, with the aim of providing a reference framework for optimizing treatment practices and outcomes.MethodsPatients with NNPLEC treated by our center between January 2000 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsIn total, 728 patients were included. The lung was identified as the most common primary tumor site (64.0%), followed by the salivary gland (19.2%). A total of 539 (74.0%) patients underwent surgery, 459 (63.0%) received chemotherapy, and 361 (49.6%) were subjected to radiotherapy. The median follow‐up time was 45 months (range, 6–212 months) and 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 79.1%. Increased plasma EBV‐DNA load of >513.5 copies/mL was predictive of disease progression, with a specificity of 98.1% and a sensitivity of 98.9%. In multivariate Cox analysis, N stage, surgery, and radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors for both OS and PFS. Radiotherapy significantly improves OS in comparison with no radiotherapy group for salivary LEC, while surgery significantly improves OS for pulmonary LEC.ConclusionBased on our analysis, surgery and radiotherapy are associated with better OS and PFS for NNPLEC. Radiotherapy could be recommended for salivary LEC, while surgery remains the primary treatment strategy for pulmonary LEC patients. An increased plasma EBV‐DNA load of >513.5 copies/mL is strongly predictive of disease progression, supporting the importance of regular evaluation of plasma EBV‐DNA as part of the diagnostic routine.
Real‐world application of a fast stool DNA test for colorectal cancer screening in primary screening positive population
Authors: Zhu Yunfeng , Zhao Guodong , Ma Weihua , Chen Xinmin , Chen Xiaofei , Li Danning , Zhao Shuyan , Xiong Shangmin , Zheng Minxue 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundStool DNA test has been emerged as an effective noninvasive method for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, but the real‐world performance of stool DNA test in Chinese population has rarely been reported.MethodsA total of 36,527 subjects were recruited in Haining City from January 2021 to December 2021. Participants underwent primary screening by taking both two‐samples fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) and high‐risk factor questionnaire (HRFQ), and those who tested either positive by FITs or evaluated to be high risk by HRFQ were recommended to undertake subsequent stool DNA test and colonoscopy.ResultsOf 36,527 participants, 34,778 (95%) completed both HRFQ and FITs, 9947 (29%) showed positive results during primary screening, and the colonoscopy compliance rate was 49%. Of primary screening positives, 8733 (88%) completed stool sample collections, and colonoscopy results from 4293 eligible participants were used for analyzing the performance of stool DNA test. The sensitivities for detecting CRC and advanced adenomas (AA) were 100% (95% CI: 60–100%) and 40% (95% CI: 34–46%), and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.961 (95% CI:0.954–0.967) and 0.625 (95% CI: 0.609–0.641), respectively. The specificity of stool DNA test was 84% (95% CI: 82–85%). The false‐positive rate for stool DNA test is about 10% less than that of primary screening.ConclusionStool DNA test is a cost‐effective and promising alternative strategy for CRC screening in China.
Anti‐Diabetic Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Amide Alkaloids fromPiper longumBased on Network Pharmacology Integrated with Cellular Assays
Authors: Gou Guang‐Hui , Liu Liu , Abdubakiev Sardorbek , Xin Xue‐Lei , Akber Aisa Haji , Li Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPiper longumis a well‐known spice and traditional medicine. It was revealed to possess anti‐diabetic activity, but few information about its active component and underlying mechanism could be available. In this study, retrofractamides A (1) and C (2) isolated fromP. longumshowed potent inhibitory activity against PTP1B. Therefore, the potential mechanism was predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking. PI3K/AKT was obtained as the most remarkable pathway against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and AKT1 and GSK3βwere yielded as the top two core targets of retrofractamides A (1) and C (2). Molecular docking of compounds with AKT1 and GSK3βshowed strong binding affinity between them. Additionally, cellular experiments with a L6 cell model was conducted to further verify the above predictions. Results indicated that retrofractamides A (1) and C (2) exerted anti‐diabetic effect via activating PI3K/AKT pathway, and they promoted glucose consumption, glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis and glycolysis.
PdS Coupled Nb2O5 Superstructure for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Mohan Harshavardhan , Vadivel Sethumathavan , Fujii Manabu , Ha Ga Hyeon , Kim Gitae , Lee Hye Rin , Shin Taeho 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAn efficient approach to resolve the current energy crisis is the photocatalytic production of hydrogen that is renewable and readily available from water and solar energy. In this study, we prepared nanocomposites by coupling PdS nanodisks on self‐assembled Nb2O5 superstructures and demonstrated them as an efficient water splitting photocatalyst for oxygen and hydrogen production. Various characterization techniques were employed to examine the physical and chemical properties and advantages of the Nb2O5/PdS nanocomposite over bare Nb2O5 superstructure and PdS nanoparticles. The synthesized nanocomposite showed a hydrogen evolution rate of 665 μmol g−1 min−1 and oxygen evolution rate of 211 μmol g−1 min−1, which is twice as high as that of Nb2O5 superstructure and three times higher than that of PdS nanoparticles. The composite survived without any structural deterioration, even after six treatment cycles, thereby indicating its practical applicability.
Single‐atom electrocatalysts for lithium–sulfur chemistry: Design principle, mechanism, and outlook
Authors: Song Yingze , Zou Luwei , Wei Chaohui , Zhou Yu , Hu Yue 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) have been regarded as one of the promising candidates for the next‐generation “lithium‐ion battery beyond” owing to their high energy density and due to the low cost of sulfur. However, the main obstacles encountered in the commercial implementation of LSBs are the notorious shuttle effect, retarded sulfur redox kinetics, and uncontrolled dendrite growth. Accordingly, single‐atom catalysts (SACs), which have ultrahigh catalytic efficiency, tunable coordination configuration, and light weight, have shown huge potential in the field of LSBs to date. This review summarizes the recent research progress of SACs applied as multifunctional components in LSBs. The design principles and typical synthetic strategies of SACs toward effective Li–S chemistry as well as the working mechanism promoting sulfur conversion reactions, inhibiting the lithium polysulfide shuttle effect, and regulating Li+nucleation are comprehensively illustrated. Potential future directions in terms of research on SACs for the realization of commercially viable LSBs are also outlined.
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast media: The diagnosis of allergy by skin testing
Authors: Caron Juliette , Graf Sahara , Delebarre‐Sauvage Christine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAmong 74 patients with an immediate hypersensitivity reaction (IHR) to iodinated contrast media (ICM), the rate of allergic patients confirmed by positive prick test or diluted intradermal test (IDT) was 8.1%. 12.5% of re‐exposed patients had a recurrent IHR despite negative skin tests. Investigations on pure IDT to ICM and development of drug provocation test may provide additional safety nets to uncover recurrent ICM reactors. Agreements among allergists are needed to unify practices.
Improved Current Efficiency of Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes by Utilizing ZnO Nanoparticles and an Organic Ionic Interlayer
Authors: Th Trinh Ly , Duc Nguyen Binh , Ko Pyeongsam , Youn Hongseok 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe solution‐processed QLED (quantum dot light‐emitting diode) has a great potential for low‐cost and large‐scale displays. However, the solution‐processed QLED has a limitation in the current efficiency due to the rough surface of the quantum dot layer causing shunt leakage. This paper reports solution‐processed highly current‐efficient QLED utilizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and an organic ionic interlayer as an electron injection layer. The organic ionic materials create the permanent interface dipole by shifting the vacuum energy using tetrabutylammonium (TBA) cations and tetrafluoroborate (BF4) anions under the applied electric field. The dipole effectively reduces the electronic injection barrier to provide charge carrier balance of the holes and electrons in the emissive layer. As a result, the maximum current efficiency and power efficiency for the device structure of QLEDs ITO/PEDOT : PSS/PVK/CdSe@ZnS QDs/ZnO NPs/TBABF4+PEG/Al (23.9 cd A−1 and 12.9 lm W−1) enhanced significantly compared to the structure of QLEDs ITO/PEDOT : PSS/PVK/CdSe@ZnS QDs/ZnO NPs/PEI/Al (9.7 cd A−1 and 5.8 lm W−1) and the structure of QLEDs ITO/PEDOT : PSS/PVK/CdSe@ZnS QDs/ZnO NPs/Al (6.8 cd A−1 and 4.1 lm W−1). The improvement of the current efficiency can be analyzed under the Space Charge‐Limited Current regime. In addition, this paper examines the existence of parasitic resistances including series resistance and shunt resistance by modeling the QLED device as a single exponential diode model. Finally, we can evaluate the influence of the ionic interlayer on the entire QLED device in reducing the leakage current and the current‐voltage (I–V) characteristic of the fabricated QLED devices. We believe the presented high‐performance quantum dot light‐emitting diodes have a high potential and impact on lighting and display technologies.
Formulation and Evaluation of Polymer‐Based Nanoparticles for Intravitreal Gene‐Delivery Applications
Authors: Lee Daiheon , Kwak Gijung , Johnson Thomas V. , Suk Jung Soo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe advent of the first‐ever retinal gene therapy product, involving subretinal administration of a virus‐based gene delivery platform, has garnered hope that this state‐of‐the‐art therapeutic modality may benefit a broad spectrum of patients with diverse retinal disorders. On the other hand, clinical studies have revealed limitations of the applied delivery strategy that may restrict its universal use. To this end, intravitreal administration of synthetic gene‐delivery platforms, such as polymer‐based nanoparticles (PNPs), has emerged as an attractive alternative to the current mainstay. To achieve success, however, it is imperative that synthetic platforms overcome key biological barriers in human eyes encountered following intravitreal administration, including the vitreous gel and inner limiting membrane (ILM). Here, we introduce a series of experiments, from the fabrication of PNPs to a comprehensive evaluation in relevant experimental models, to determine whether PNPs overcome these barriers and efficiently deliver therapeutic gene payloads to retinal cells. We conclude the article by discussing a few important considerations for successful implementation of the strategy. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Preparation and characterization of PNPsBasic Protocol 2: Evaluation of in vitro transfection efficacyBasic Protocol 3: Evaluation of PNP diffusion in vitreous gelBasic Protocol 4: Ex vivo assessment of PNP penetration within vitreoretinal explant cultureBasic Protocol 5: Assessment of in vivo transgene expression mediated by intravitreally administered PNPs