bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Glycaemic Control among Diabetic Patients Attending Care at Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso
Authors: Idowu A. E. , Amole I. O. , Durodola A. O. , Adesina S. A. , Adegoke A. O. , Akinwumi A. I. , Idowu O. A. , Awotunde O. T. , OlaOlorun A. D. 
Published: December 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from impairment in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The aim of management of diabetes mellitus is to achieve and maintain blood glucose levels within normal ranges and prevent its complications. This study aims to assess the glycaemic control among adult outpatients with diabetes mellitus in Bowen University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Ogbomoso with a view to intensify effort towards achieving good glycaemic control.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study in which 299 consenting diabetic patients were recruited using systematic sampling technique. Sociodemographic characteristics of each participant and their medical history were obtained using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. The level of glycaemic control was assessed with glycosylated haemoglobin level and recorded for each participant and it was classified as either poor or good. The data collected was analysed using SPSS version 20 software and presented as Descriptive statistics. The association between two or more categorical variable was tested using Chi-square test and fisher’s exact test. Statistical significance was set at p-value less than 0.05.
Results: The age group above 60 years had the highest proportion (41.8%) of participants, 60.9% of the participants were females. Majority of the participants (91.6%) were married. About 67.9% of the respondents were in social class 2 and majority of the participants (69.6%) were urban dwellers. Participants on oral anti-diabetic drugs were 62.2% and of this proportion, about 34.1% were on both oral drugs and insulin. About 67.2% of the participants had a duration of diabetes less than 5 years. Most of the participants had a poor glycaemic control with a frequency of 83.6%. The mean level of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) in this study was 9.2 ± 2.5%. A significant association with glycaemic control was found with the participants age group, sex, level of education and duration on treatment.
Conclusion: The long-term glycaemic control of the participants was unacceptably poor. There is need to intensify efforts targeting good glycaemic control in the patients with diabetes mellitus in order to prevent complications from the disease. There is also a need to do further studies to find out the factors associated with poor glycaemic control found in this study.
An Overview of the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Human Parvovirus B19
Authors: Vadivel Kumaran , Nandagopal Balaji , Ramamurthy Mageshbabu , Saravanan Nithiyanandan , Rajendiran Prashanth 
Published: December 2022

Human Parvovirus B19 (HPV-B19) infections are reported from different parts of the globe. The infection occurs in all age groups; however, most infections occur in childhood. There is evidence of exposure to the virus in about 80% of adults when screened for specific IgG. HPV-B19 is incriminated in several conditions like erythema infectious, aplastic crisis, hydrops fetalis and arthropathy. HPV-B19 is a cause of the Fifth disease (erythema infectious); it could also cause a febrile illness with or without rash in adults. Many adults especially women develop arthropathy and the condition could be chronic following a febrile illness. Patients (adults) with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) are prone to develop aplastic crisis or chronic anemia [1]. This review article aims to comprehensively describe the etiology, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic methods, and treatment in the management of HPV-B19.
In vitro Evaluation of Biocontrol Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Natural Ecosystem against Plant Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Krithika M. S. , Shivaprakash M. K. , Adithya S. 
Published: December 2022

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are ubiquitous, Gram-positive, fermentative bacteria, which are regarded as safe for both humans and the environment. The present study aimed to evaluate the biocontrol efficiency of LAB isolated from different natural ecosystems against fungal pathogens. A total of 30 LAB was isolated from rhizosphere soil and phyllosphere sample of Solanaceous crop viz., Brinjal, Capsicum, Chilli, Tomato, whey, and sauerkraut out of them 14, 9, 4 and 3 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from rhizosphere soil & phyllosphere sample of Solanaceous crops, whey and Sauerkraut respectively. The biocontrol ability of LAB isolates were tested against fungal plant pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium aphanidermatum, Sclerotium rolfsi, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria sp. agar well diffusion assay and mycelial growth inhibition in liquid culture. The results indicated that the isolates LAB 4, LAB 10, LAB 22, LAB 24 and LAB 29 were prominent in inhibiting the growth of most of the pathogens. Molecular characterization of selected LAB isolates revealed that LAB 4, LAB 10, LAB 22, LAB 24 belongs to Lactobacillus plantarum and LAB 29 belong to Leuconostoc mesentroides.
Ocimum gratissimum Leaves Aqueous Extract Can Minimize Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion-Induced Injury in Rat’s Brain
Authors: Bilanda Danielle Claude , Sandy Yougo , Kandeda Antoine Kavaye , Taïwe Germain Sotoing , Dzeufiet Paul Désiré Djomeni , Dimo Théophile , Kamtchouing Pierre 
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim: Ocimum gratissimum is widely used in traditional medicine for its good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Stroke is an important factor of disability and death worldwide causing brain injury through oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Ocimum gratissimum on middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion-induced brain injury in rat.
Experimental Procedure: The rats (48) were divided into 8 groups of 6 animals each and treated as followed: 3 groups receiving distilled water (10 mL/kg); one piracetam (250 mg/kg) and 4 groups receiving the plant extract (30, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg) for 3 days. On the fourth day, ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO) surgery was performed on the groups receiving piracetam and extract. As for the 3 groups receiving distilled water, one was not operated; one was operated without MCAO (sham operated) while the last one was operated with MCAO. The temperature, neurological function through behavioral tests, heat sensibility, and open arena tests were assessed. Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were analyzed in the region of the brain affected by MCAO.
Results and Conclusion: Three days pretreatment with the plant extract prevented the drop of temperature and heat sensibility, reduced the neurological score and associated anxiety-like behavior. The extract also prevented inflammation and oxidative stress induced by MCAO in the brain. All these observations suggest that Ocimum gratissimum by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potencies can protect the brain against ischemic stroke-induced brain injury.
Business Practices of Beneficiaries of Women Development Fund in Iringa Municipal Council, Iringa Region, Tanzania
Authors: Phillipo Frank 
Published: December 2022

The study was conducted in 2021 to examine the business practices of the beneficiaries of the Women Development Fund (WDF) in Iringa District Council, Tanzania. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design where checklists and semi-structured questionnaires were used to gather information from a sample size of 100 respondents who were beneficiaries of WDF. The respondents involved in the study were randomly selected from the study population. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze quantitative information using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS. 20.0) computer software. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data collected from the key-informants. The study findings showed that beneficiaries of WDF in the study area are operating their business with low start-up capital, inadequate technical and managerial skills, lack of business premises, operating unregistered business activities, low savings, and poor record keeping of their business activities. The study recommends to the Local Government Authority (LGA) to provide a friendly business environment for beneficiaries of WDF to undertake business activities by providing technical and managerial skills that will enable them to have the ability to manage their undertakings successfully.
Hybrid Channel: MSME Collaboration in Digital Marketing in Post COVID-19: Case Study on MSMEs in Pangkajene Kepulauan Region
Authors: Hidayati Wiwiek , Sitompul Meline Gerarita 
Published: December 2022

Aims: Indonesia is currently dominated by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), which need special attention because their contribution to the national economy is quite significant. This study aimed to analyze the Hybrid Channel strategy used in collaboration in MSMEs related to digital marketing in the post-Covid period in the Pangkajene Kepulauan region.
Study Design: This research is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. Primary data come from secondary data from the local government and data collected from questionaires.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted in the district of Pangkajene and the Kepulauan. This study was held for six months, from April 2022 to September 2022.
Methodology: This study uses a descriptive approach, using literature studies to collect data and take various reference sources that support this research. Data collection is done through secondary data from the government, listening and recording important information in data collection, analyzing data using data reduction, and data validation using data source triangulation.
Results: The results obtained from study literature and interviews with several MSME actors in Pangkajene Kepula Regency agree that digital marketing helps them promote and market their products effectively. They argue that digital marketing saves promotion costs because it still relies on online marketing, such as distributing brochures and placing advertisements in newspapers and billboards; their expenses will be more significant when they use offline marketing. The literature review also confirms this point, stating that internet marketing expands market reach, lowers marketing costs, and promotes good customer relationships. However, some MSMEs have not maximized digital marketing to the maximum due to the influence of misunderstandings in digital marketing, such as creating a company website, maximizing search engine optimization (SEO), and using Google Adsense as a promotional medium.
Conclusion: Digital transformation will continue to be the key to the growth of MSMEs in the midst of Indonesia's economic recovery after COVID 19. Not only as a way out, digitalization also opened up opportunities for MSMEs, especially in Pangkajene Kepulauan Regencies to contribute to exports while accelerating business in the domestic market. The Hybrid Channel also encourages the Offline to Online (O2O) movement which on the other hand is able to open up comprehensive opportunities for digital startup industry players to create a new ecosystem to support the growth of MSMEs.
Total free radical trapping antioxidant potential in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Kharb S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The aim of the present study was to measure serum urate, tocopherol and ascorbate and to calculate total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) in pre‐eclampsia. Methods: Study samples were taken from 25 pre‐eclamptic, 25 normotensive pregnant and 25 non‐pregnant healthy females for measuring uric acid, vitamin C and E, total sulfhydryl group. Also lipid peroxidation product malonaldehyde (MDA), the superoxide generation (NBT reduction) were estimated and TRAP was calculated. Data were analyzed statistically using Student's t‐test. Result: Pre‐eclamptic women had significantly increased MDA levels, superoxide generation and uric acid levels as compared to control subjects (P<0.001). Vitamin C and E and total thiols were lower in pre‐eclampsia as compared to control subjects (P<0.001). TRAP was significantly higher in pre‐eclampsia. Conclusion: TRAP provides a means of assessing the total capacity of the chain‐breaking antioxidants to prevent lipid peroxidation in plasma.
Effect of Adsorbent Porosity on Performance of Expanded Bed Chromatography of Proteins
Authors: Gondkar Shyamal , Manudhane Kushal , Amritkar Nilesh , Pai Anita , Lali Arvind 
Published: July 2002

AbstractExpanded bed or fluidized bed adsorption has emerged as an important unit operation in downstream processing of proteins. A number of specifically designed commercial adsorbents are available today for expanded bed purification of proteins. Protein purification essentially requires adsorbent matrices that have large pore size. Very large pore size or macroporous adsorbents can provide high efficiency in packed beds even at high flow rates on account of reduced pore diffusion resistance resulting from finite intraparticle flow in the macropores. This is reflected in leveling off of HETP (height equivalent to theoretical plate) versus flow curve after a threshold velocity. Expanded bed operation, on the other hand, can also show plateauing of the HETP curve, but not necessarily on account of macroporosity of adsorbent. It is shown in this article how any adsorbent intended for protein adsorption in expanded bed mode can give plateauing HETP curve, regardless of pore size. As a result, RTD measurements on an expanded bed can give equal, and at times better, performance than a corresponding packed bed. Large pore size, on the other hand, can result in lesser retention of biomass and easy flushing of the adsorbent to obtain an entirely particulate‐free adsorbent prior to the product elution step. Adsorbent with larger pores is also shown to provide faster and more efficient elution both in packed and expanded bed modes.
Free Sulfhydryl in Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Zhang Wei , Czupryn Marta J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMonoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy applications have been growing rapidly in recent years. Like other recombinant protein drugs, therapeutic mAbapos;s need to be well characterized to ensure their structural and functional integrity. IgG mAbapos;s are composed of two heavy and two light chains covalently linked by interchain disulfide bonds. Each domain of the heavy or light chain contains one additional disulfide bond. Native IgG mAbapos;s, with completely formed disulfide bonds, should not bear any free sulfhydryl. This report describes detection and quantification of free sulfhydryl in recombinant mAbapos;s produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells using a fluorescent technique. The method utilizes the fluorescent probe N‐(1‐pyrenyl)maleimide (NPM). The purified mAbapos;s appear to be homogeneous under native conditions with approximately 0.02 mol of free sulfhydryl per mole of protein. Upon denaturation, minor species related to the mAbapos;s are observed on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and the free sulfhydryl level is determined to be approximately 0.1 mol/mol of protein. These results suggest that a small portion of these recombinant mAbapos;s lack in intermolecular disulfide bonds but remain noncovalently associated under native conditions. The formation of the free sulfhydryl containing mAb species is likely to occur during the culture process and/or protein folding process in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Quantec SC rotary instruments versus hand files for gutta‐percha removal in root canal retreatment
Authors: Betti L. V. , Bramante C. M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to compare Quantec SC rotary instruments and hand files for removal of gutta‐percha during retreatment.MethodologyTwenty maxillary central incisors with a single straight canal were selected. The canals were instrumented and filled before the teeth were randomly divided into two groups of 10 specimens each. In group 1 Quantec SC rotary instruments were used for filling removal and in group 2, hand files and solvent. The following factors were evaluated: time taken to reach working length, time for gutta‐percha removal, total time, apically extruded material during filling removal and number of fractured instruments. Radiographs were taken and the teeth were grooved longitudinally and split. The canal walls of each half and the radiographs were evaluated visually for cleanliness. They were then digitized using a scanner and the residual debris assessed. The analysis was carried out in the cervical, middle and apical thirds separately as well for the whole canal.ResultsThe time for root filling removal was significantly less when Quantec SC was used (P < 0.05). The amount of apically extruded material was not significantly different between the groups (P > 0.05). Direct evaluation of the canal walls revealed that hand files and solvent demonstrated better cleanliness in the cervical third and in whole canal (P < 0.05). Radiographic analysis demonstrated that hand files performed significantly better when viewed in a mesiodistal direction (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough Quantec SC instruments took less time, hand instruments and solvent cleaned canals more effectively.
Social and spatial organisation in colonies of a primitively eusocial wasp, Ropalidia revolutionalis (de Saussure) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: Robson Ska , Bean K , Hansen J , Norling K , Rowe RJ , White D 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe investigated individual reproductive flexibility and the division of labour in five post‐emergence colonies of the primitively eusocial wasp Ropalidia revolutionalis, by relating behavioural observations of individuals at the nest to their ovarian development. Analysing time‐activity budgets with principal components and canonical discriminant analysis revealed three distinct groups of individuals, based on their spatial distribution relative to the nest. Individuals could be assigned to a group based on: whether they spent most of their time near or away from the nest (first principal component, 75% variance); whether they sat on or next to the comb when in the nest vicinity (second principal component, 16% variance); or whether they sat on or off the capped cells (that contain pupae) when sitting on the combs themselves (third principal component, 6% variance). Colonies had either one or two reproductive individuals, but the distinct groups they belonged to could vary. In three monogynous colonies reproductive individuals spent the majority of their time sitting on capped cells. In two polygynous colonies, primary reproductives were also located on capped cells but the secondary reproductives, with smaller oocytes, were located either next to the nest or on the capped cells of a second comb. In all colonies levels of aggressive interactions were low. These findings indicate that spatial position is an important component of social organisation and that there are multiple pathways through which an individual can achieve reproductive dominance. Finally, comparison with other Ropalidia species shows that the pattern of social organisation varies in this wasp genus.
The development of myopia in Hong Kong children between the ages of 7 and 12 years: a five‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Edwards M.H. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe purpose of this work was to characterize the development of refractive error in Hong Kong children between the ages of 7 and 12 years. A non self‐selected sample of 7‐year old children was recruited and followed for 5 years, non‐cycloplegic refractions being carried out annually. A life‐table was used to determine myopia incidence and prevalence. The mean annual change in the spherical equivalent refraction (SER) was −0.32 D; 75 out of 83 subjects followed for 5 years became less hyperopic or more myopic, the maximum progression occurring between 9 and 11 years of age. The mean change in SER over the 5 years in children who were myopic at age 12 years was significantly greater than that in children who remained non‐myopic. The incidence of myopia at age 7–8 years was 9% and at age 11–12 years was 18–20%. At age 7 years the prevalence of progressive myopia was 1.6% and 2.5% of subjects had anisometropia. Any treatment to prevent myopia should start by the age of 6 years and treatment to retard development should commence before age 9 years.
The Association of Bone Mineral Density and Depression in an Older Population
Authors: Robbins John , Hirsch Calvin , Whitmer Rachel , Cauley Jane , Harris Tamara , For The Cardiovascular Health Study  
Published: July 2002

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and measurements of depression in an older population.DESIGN: Population‐based, cross‐sectional study.SETTING: Study subjects were participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), a longitudinal, long‐term, follow‐up study, at the University of California Davis (Sacramento, California) and the University of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) clinical centers.PARTICIPANTS: A random sample of 1,566 Medicare enrollees age 65 and older enrolled in the CHS.MEASUREMENTS: Total hip BMD, measured using dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA), after adjustment for multiple covariates, was compared with depression evaluated with the Center for Epidemiological Studies 10‐item Depression Scale (CES‐Dm). Risk factors for osteoporosis were compared in depressed and nondepressed participants. Potential correlates were entered into a regression model. Depression scores were compared in normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic individuals.RESULTS: Sixteen percent of participants were clinically depressed; 9% had BMDs in the osteoporotic range. Mean BMD was 40 mg/cm2 lower in those with clinical depression. High CES‐Dm scores were associated with lower BMD (P < .001) when adjusted for body mass index (BMI), age, kilocalories of activity, estrogen use, gender, race, smoking and drinking. When stratified by race, this remained true for all Caucasians (P < .01), all African Americans (P < .05), and when stratified by race and gender the association remained only for all Caucasian women (P < .001). In women and Caucasian men there was an increase in depression scores among individuals with osteoporotic‐range BMDs.CONCLUSIONS: A significant association was found between BMD and depressive symptoms after adjustment for osteoporosis risk factors. In Caucasians, depressive symptoms were associated with both osteoporotic and osteopenic levels of BMD. Causality cannot be ascribed, with only one measurement of BMD. We postulate that there may be an unmeasured third factor, such as an endogenous steroid, that is responsible for both low BMD and depression. J Am Geriatr Soc 49:732–736, 2001.