bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are You Tripping Comfortably? Investigating the Relationship Between Harm Reduction and the Psychedelic experience
Authors: Palmer Maddie , Maynard Olivia M 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background.
Alongside a recent revival in the use of psychedelics in clinical settings, there have been increases in the prevalence of recreational use, with many using psychedelics to deal with difficult emotions or to improve wellbeing. While clinical research is conducted in carefully controlled settings, this is not necessarily the case for recreational use. In this mixed-methods study, we aimed to develop an understanding of frequently used psychedelic harm reduction practices in recreational settings and how their use relates to the psychedelic experience. We also aimed to characterise users’ first and most recent psychedelic trips to understand how harm reduction changes with experience.
Methods.
Participants (n = 163) recounted their first and most recent psychedelic experience by providing details about the harm reduction practices they employed and completing the Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and Emotional Breakthrough Inventory (EBI). We also asked open ended questions for a more in-depth qualitative understanding of their views on psychedelic harm reduction.
Results.
Using ANOVA, we observe greater use of harm reduction practices for participants’ most recent versus first psychedelic experience and that use of these practices is positively associated with EBI scores and negatively associated with CEQ scores (particularly for the first experience). Participants engaged in a wide range of harm reduction practices and we provide details of those which are most commonly used and those which are deemed most important by experienced users. Our qualitative analysis indicated that participants were largely positive about psychedelics and many recounted profound positive experiences. While specifics of the drug they were taking was important for aspects of harm reduction, participants largely focused on the importance of ensuring a good ‘set and setting’ for enhancing positive effects.
Conclusions.
Our research helps us understand how engagement in harm reduction may increase with experience. Our mixed methods data sheds light on the perceived importance of different harm reduction practices and examines their association with the psychedelic experience itself. Together, our research has important implications for the development of psychedelic harm reduction advice and provides opportunities for future research to explore the importance of these different practices in more detail.
Social Network Analysis for Food and Feed security: the European Union case
Authors: Nogales Alberto , Cantallops Marçal Mora , Morón Rodrigo Díaz , García-Tejedor Álvaro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This paper reports a quantitative and structural analysis of data gathered from the food and feed issues reported by the European Union during the last forty years. This study includes the use of statistical measures and social network analysis techniques. For that purpose, a graph has been constructed considering how the different contaminated products have been distributed alongside countries. This work aims to leverage insights into the structure formed by the involvement of the European countries in the exchange of goods that can cause problems to the population. Results obtained show the roles of the different countries in the detection of sensitive routes. In particular, the analysis shows that there are problematic origin countries, like China or Turkey, whereas European countries, in general, do have good border control policies for the import/export of food and feed.
Appropriateness of Empirical Antibiotic Therapy in Bacterial Culture-Positive Inpatients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Luo Yuting , Guo Zhaowang , Li Ying , Ouyang Hui , Huang Shanfeng , Chen Yuanli , Li Kenan , Ji Yuxin , Zhu Hongqiong , Luo Wentao , Xia Jinyu , Liu Xi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Objectives
We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, relative factors, and outcomes of different empirical antibiotic therapy (EAT) prescriptions in infected inpatients.
Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of inpatients a tertiary hospital in China between October 1, 2019 and September 30, 2020. Bacterial culture-positive patients received EAT were enrolled in this study. We initially assessed the prevalence of different EAT prescriptions by univariate analysis, and then used an enter multivariable logistic regression model to calculate adjusted odds ratios for assessing relative factors and outcomes of them.
Results
1,257 infected patients received EAT on the day of sampling culture. 31.7% (398/1257) received appropriate but unnecessarily broad-spectrum empirical antibiotic therapy (AUEAT), and 37.3% (469/1257) received inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy (IEAT). Age was a correlated factor of receiving AUEAT and IEAT. The odds of receiving AUEAT and IEAT increased with age (adjusted OR 1.023 [95% CI, 1.013 ~ 1.032]; p < 0.001; 1.009 [95% CI, 1.001 ~ 1.018]; p = 0.033). Patients who received AUEAT and IEAT had higher rates of ICU care and increased hospital costs. AUEAT has a higher proportion of poor prognosis (29.4%, 117/398, p < 0.001). Respiratory tract was the most common infection site (418/1257, 33.3%). The common pathogens were Escherichia coli (315/1257, 25.1%), Klebsiella species (208/1257, 16.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (204/1257, 16.2%), and Pseudomonas species (167/1257, 13.3%). 45.3% (570/1257) patients were infected with multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO), of which 53.5% (305/570) received IEAT. Among 305 MDRO infected patients with IEAT, 71.5% (218/305) were infected with Gram-negative bacteria. The majority of Gram-negative bacteria was Enterobacteriaceae (178/218, 81.7%), among which E. coli (116/178, 65.2%) and Klebsiella (38/178, 21.3%) strains accounted for high proportions.
Conclusions
Inappropriate or unnecessarily broad-spectrum use of antibiotics is widely prevalent in hospital. AUEAT and IEAT were bound to increase antimicrobial resistance, rates of ICU care, and health care costs. AUEAT was associated with increased risk of poor prognosis. Near half of inpatients infected with MDRO, and these patients were more likely to receive IEAT. Early identification of infectious pathogens and resistance can provide the basis for rational use of antibiotics and improve the current situation of antibiotic abuse and antimicrobial resistance.
The mucin-like, secretory type-I transmembrane glycoprotein GP900 in the apicomplexan Cryptosporidium parvum is cleaved in the secretory pathway and likely plays a lubrication role
Authors: li Xiaohui , Yin Jigang , Wang Dongqiang , Gao Xin , Zhang Ying , Wu Mingbo , Zhu Guan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic parasite, a member of apicomplexans that possess unique secretory organelles including a rhoptry, micronemes and dense granules that discharge contents during the parasite invasion. The mucin-like glycoprotein GP900 with a single transmembrane domain is one of the immunodominant antigens and micronemal proteins. It was found to be relocated to the surface of excysted sporozoites and shed to form trails by gliding sporozoites, for which the biological process remained unclear. The major aim of this study was to verify whether GP900 was present as a transmembrane protein anchored to the plasma membrane on the surface of sporozoites and whether it was cleaved before being shed from the sporozoites.
Methods
Two anti-GP900 antibodies, a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the long N-terminal domain (GP900-N) and a rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb) to the short C-terminal domain (GP900-C), were produced for the detection of intact and cleaved GP900 proteins in sporozoites and other parasite developmental stages by microscopic immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and discharged molecules by ELISA.
Results
Both antibodies recognized the apical region of unexcysted and excysted sporozoites. However, anti-GP900-N (but not anti-GP900-C) also stained the pellicles/surface of excysted sporozoites and trails of gliding sporozoites. Both antibodies stained the intracellularly developing and developed meronts, but not in the macro- and micro-gamonts. Additionally, the epitope recognized by anti-GP900-N (but not anti-GP900-C) was detected in the secretions of excysted sporozoites and intracellular parasites.
Conclusions
GP900 is present in sporozoites and intracellular meronts, but absent in sexual stages. It is stored in micronemes of sporozoites, but enters secretory pathway during excystation and invasion. The short cytoplasmic domain of GP900 is cleaved in the secretory pathway before it reaches to the extracellular space. The molecular features and behaviors imply that GP900 mainly plays a lubrication role.
The effect of phosphate application in Pb-contaminated soil on the oxidative stress of leaves, Pb accumulation in biomass of maize and Pb speciation in rhizosphere soil
Authors: He Yongjian , Jiang Ranran , Jiang Runhai , Zhu Chengqiang , Cao Yanru , Xia Tiyuan , Hou Xiuli 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Reducing the bioavailability of Pb in soil is the key to alleviate the toxicity of Pb to plant. Maize were exposed to Pb 100 mg/kg of soil with three fertilizer levels of control (T1), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 204 mg/kg (T2) and nitrogen, potassium of 204 mg/kg (T3). The phosphate supplement lead to the reduction by 24.92%, 29.73% and 25.31% respectively in activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), peroxidase (POD) and concentration of lipid peroxidation (MDA) in maize leaves, and reduced Pb accumulation in above- and below-ground biomass of maize by 39.20% and 37.58%. In T2 treatment group, the water soluble Pb, ionic fraction and carbonate fraction Pb in rhizosphere soil decreased by 37.57%, 36.36% and 43.24%, and organic fraction Pb and residual fraction Pb was the highest with the value of 11.67 and 18.57 mg/kg; the soil aluminum bound (Al-P) and iron bound phosphate (Fe-P) were the highest with 93.53 mg/kg and 230.32 mg/kg, indicating that the phosphate supplement increases the soil ionic P and transforms the chemically mobilized P (such as O-P, Ca-P) into the bioavailable P. Moreover, the soil organic fraction and residual fraction immobilized Pb was positively correlated with the bioavailable Al-P and Fe-P, indicating that the ionic fraction P (Al-P and Fe-P) react with Pb and produce residual P-Pb compounds. Therefore, phosphate supplement to Pb contaminated soil could transfer unstable fraction Pb into stable fraction Pb by P-induced Pb immobilization, reduce the bioavailability of Pb and alleviate the toxicity of heavy metal to plant.
Reduced HMGB1 expression contributed to lapatinib-induced cutaneous injury
Authors: Jiang Li Yu , Zeng Yan , Ai Lei Lei , Yan Hao , Yang Xiao Chun , Luo Pei Hua , Yang Bo , Xu Zhifei , He Qiao Jun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Lapatinib, a widely-used dual inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR/ERBB1) and 2 (HER2/ERBB2), has been seriously limited due to cutaneous toxicity. However, the specific mechanism of lapatinib-induced cutaneous toxicity has not been clarified, leading to a lack of effective strategy to improve clinical safety. Here, we found that lapatinib could induce mitochondrial dysfunction, lead to DNA damage and finally cause apoptosis of keratinocytes. In addition, we found that lapatinib could induce aberrant immune response and promote the release of inflammatory factors in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, downregulated expression of DNA repair protein HMGB1 played a critical role in these toxic reaction processes. Overexpression of HMGB1 could inhibit keratinocyte apoptosis and inflammation reaction. Therefore, recovering the HMGB1 expression might be an effective remedy against lapatinib-induced cutaneous toxicity. Finally, we found that saikosaponin A could significantly rescue the reduced HMGB1 transcription, which could alleviate lapatinib-induced DNA damage, inhibit keratinocyte apoptosis and further prevent toxicity of lapatinib in mice. Collectively, our study might bring new hope to clinicians and tumor patients, and shed new light on the prevention of cutaneous adverse drug reactions induced by EGFR inhibitors.
GSDMD-dependent platelet pyroptosis exacerbates NET formation and inflammation in severe sepsis
Authors: Tang WaiHo , Su Meiling , Chen Chaofei , Li Shaoying , Li Musheng , Zeng Zhi , Zhang Yuan , Xia Luoxing , Li Xiuzhen , Zheng Dezhong , Lin Qiqi , Fan Xuejiao , Wen Ying , Liu Yingying , Chen Feiyan , Luo Wei , Bu Yun , Qin Jinhong , Guo Manli , Qiu Miaoyun , Sun Lei , Liu Renjing , Wang Ping , Hwa John 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Dysregulated inflammation is closely associated with increased mortality in sepsis. Platelets have emerged as key inflammatory cells implicated in the pathology of sepsis, including the development of thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Platelet’s contributions to rapid clinical deterioration and dysregulated inflammation in sepsis have not been defined. In our cohort, the incidence of thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathy and excessive inflammatory cytokines released in patients with severe sepsis were significantly increased. Platelet proteomic analysis revealed significant up-regulation of Gasdermin D (GSDMD). Using platelet-specific Gsdmd deficient mice, we demonstrated a requirement for GSDMD in triggering platelet pyroptosis in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. We further demonstrated that GSDMD-dependent platelet pyroptosis was induced by high levels of S100A8/A9 targeting platelet toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Pyroptotic platelet-derived oxidized mitochondrial DNA (ox-mtDNA) potentially promoted NET formation, which in turn contributed to platelet pyroptosis via the release of S100A8/A9, forming a positive feedback loop that led to excessive inflammatory cytokines release. Both pharmacological inhibition using Paquinimod and genetic ablation of the S100A8/A9-TLR4 signaling axis suppressed GSDMD-dependent platelet pyroptosis, thereby alleviating NET-mediated inflammation and improving survival in CLP-induced sepsis mice. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the proinflammatory role of platelet pyroptosis in severe sepsis.
PVR (CD155) Expression as a Potential Prognostic Marker in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Lee Byung-Hyun , Kim Ji-Hea , Kang Ka-Won , Lee Se Ryeon , Park Yong , Sung Hwa Jung , Kim Byung Soo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Poliovirus receptor (PVR, CD155) is upregulated during tumor progression, and PVR expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer; however, prognostic implications for PVR in multiple myeloma (MM) have not been investigated. We assessed PVR expression in bone marrow samples of 125 patients via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in those of 22 patients via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, we evaluated TIGIT levels in bone marrow CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells in 14 patients using flow cytometry. Soluble PVR and TIGIT levels in 22 patients were measured using ELISA. PVR clinical and prognostic significance were assessed using a histoscore via IHC. PVR was highly expressed in patients with MM, and membrane PVR expression showed significant correlation with soluble PVR levels. Moreover, PVR expression was significantly associated with Revised-International Staging System stage, presence of extramedullary plasmacyoma and bone lesions, percentage of bone marrow plasma cells, and β2-microglobulin levels, suggesting a possible role in advanced stage and metastasis. Furthermore, we found that TIGIT expression was significantly correlated with the percentage of bone marrow plasma cells. Patients with high PVR expression had significantly shorter overall and progression-free survival, and PVR expression was identified as an independent prognostic factor for poor survival in MM. These findings indicated that PVR expression is associated with MM stage and poor prognosis, suggesting PVR expression as a potential prognostic marker for MM.
Chylothorax After Excision of the Right Broad Ligament Mass of the Uterus Was Diagnosed Lymphangiomyomatosis a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Dai Liwan , Chen Tao , Wu Jinxing 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
BackgroundLymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease frequently occurs in women of childbearing age. It is a multi-systemic disorder characterized by the proliferation, metastasis, and infiltration of smooth muscle cells in the lung and other tissues. The exact etiology of this disease is not known, but due to the gender-specific nature of this disease, the female reproductive system is currently considered as the source of this cell . We will report a case of a patient diagnosed with LAM who presented with chylothorax after b road ligament resection .This phenomenon has not been reported in our literature study, which would provide new evidence for the mechanism of the disease.Case presentationA woman who was found to be occupying the right broad ligament developed dyspnea after surgical treatment. Chest CT found bilateral pleural effusion and multiple cystic lesions in both lungs. The pleural fluid Chyle test was positive, subsequent postoperative pathology confirmed LAM. The patient was treated by Sirolimus with Ideal therapeutic effect. ConclusionsThe pathogenesis of LAM is not completely clear, but the clinical manifestations of this patient seem to confirm the hypothesis that LAM originates from the female reproductive system. LAM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of female reproductive system tumors, we suggested to improve chest CT before surgery to be vigilant against the possibility of LAM if multiple cystic changes occur in pulmonary.
Clinical features and prognostic analysis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma coexisting with follicular lymphoma at initial diagnosis
Authors: shen jianzhen , lai guilan , Zhen Weili , Cui Guoxian , Chen Yachun 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The clinicopathological information of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) along with concurrent follicular lymphoma (FL) at initial diagnosis (FL/DLBCL) is scarce. In this retrospective study, we aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with FL/DLBCL. The study involved all patients consecutively diagnosed with FL/DLBCL (n = 46) and those with pure FL (n = 131), de novo DLBCL (n = 365), or transformed FL (t-FL, n = 17) as controls. In patients with FL/DLBCL, 63.0% of the tumors were of GCB origin, 32.6% were non-GCB, and 4.4% were unclassified. The median proportion of DLBCL components was 50% (range: 15%–99%). The cell of origin and the proportion of DLBCL component did not affect the outcomes of FL/DLBCL. Seventy-one percent of patients with FL/DLBCL received immunochemotherapy, such as the R-CHOP regimen, and none received further intensive treatment. Complete and overall response rates were 60% and 87.5%, respectively, similar to those for DLBCL. Progression-free and overall survival of patients with FL/DLBCL were between those of patients with FL and DLBCL and significantly better than those of patients with t-FL. None of the independent risk factors affected FL/DLBCL prognosis in the multivariate analyses. In conclusion, patients with FL/DLBCL had the GCB subtype with outcomes similar to those of patients with DLBCL, and the treatments for these patients should be similar to those for patients with DLBCL. The outcome of patients with FL/DLBCL was significantly better than that of patients with t-FL, and these patients should not be considered to have “transformed lymphoma.”
Examining the Moderating Role of Technostress and Compatibility in EFL Learners’ Mobile Learning Adoption: A Perspective from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)
Authors: Wang Qiong , Zhao Guoqing , Cheng Zhuo 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Mobile English learning has multiple advantages and brings enormous benefits to EFL learners. However, not everyone adopts it, and the determinants of learners’ adoption intention remain unclear. This study aimed to bridge this gap by employing the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) in conjunction with the influences of technostress and compatibility. Based on existing literature, a research model was proposed and verified with a sample of 409 undergraduates from a Chinese university. The results indicated that in the context of mobile English learning: (a) Individuals with higher adoption intention are more likely to engage in mobile English learning with higher frequency and longer duration; (b) Individuals’ attitude towards mobile English learning, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, and compatibility are significantly positively associated with their adoption intention; (c) Compatibility is the strongest predictor of adoption intention and negatively moderates the effect of subjective norms on adoption intention; (d) The influence of technostress on the adoption intention of mobile English learning is not significant. Practical implications related to mobile English learning were discussed.
A comprehensive meta-analysis of human assortative mating in 22 complex traits
Authors: Horwitz Tanya , Keller Matthew 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Assortative mating (AM) occurs when the correlation for a trait between mates is larger than would be expected by chance. AM can increase the genetic and environmental variation of traits, can increase the prevalence of disorders in a population, and can bias estimates in genetically informed designs. In this study, we conducted the largest set of meta-analyses on human AM published to date. Across 22 traits, meta-analyzed correlations ranged from r = .08 to r = .58, with social attitude, substance use, and cognitive traits showing the highest correlations and personality, disorder, and biometrical traits generally yielding smaller but still positive and nominally significant (p < .05) correlations. We observed high between-study heterogeneity for most traits, which could have been the result of phenotypic measurement differences between samples and/or differences in the degree of AM across time or cultures.
Meta-atom Microfluidic Sensor for Highly Sensitive Cell Detection
Authors: Bahrami Ali 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A meta-atom microfluidic-based sensor (MAMS) for detecting, enumerating and differentiating cancer cells is proposed. A microfluidic constriction channel is placed between the gaps of a two-gap split ring resonator (SRR). This two-gap SRR is implemented in a way that is sensitive to the stiffness of the cell which is passing through the constriction channel. With passing a cell through the channel, geometrical features of the SRR changes, and these changes are reflected in the device output. In addition, dielectric properties of the cells passing through the constriction channel, changes the sensor output upon electromagnetic excitation of the SRR. As both stiffness and relative permittivity of the cell, which are biosignatures of a cell, determines the output characteristics of the sensor, this label-free assay can almost perfectly distinguish between different cancer cells and normal cells with high sensitivity. Sensor function is simulated and analyzed, as proof of concept, to show the effectiveness and high sensitivity of the device in differentiating of cells with different dielectric and stiffness properties.