bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The degree of commitment among high school principals to integrity values from their viewpoints in Jordan
Authors: AL-Momani Mohammad Omar , Al-Momani Mohammad Omar , Al-Megdad Alaa Kamel 
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to identify the degree of commitment among high school principals in Jordan to integrity values from their viewpoints. The researchers used a descriptive survey approach to achieve the study’s objectives. A random sample was chosen from the study population. The researchers used a questionnaire as a measurement instrument. The study results showed that the degree of commitment among high school principals in Jordan to integrity values got an ‘average’ degree. Besides, the study results displayed the absence of statistically significant differences at the significance level, following academic qualification and years of experience variables. The study recommends promoting the principles and integrity values (honesty, reform, sincerity, chastity and justice) among high school principals in the education ministry in Jordan.

Keywords: Degree of commitment, high school principals, high schools, integrity values.
Infant Feeding Practices and Analysis Of Factors Affecting Exclusive Breastfeeding
Authors: Nisman Wenny Artanty , Aryas Dea , Ratnasari Evi , Widya Melinda , Yonanta Nevira , Rahmasari Salma , Annisa Varianti Novia 
Published: January 2022

<p>The coverage rate of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia is still low despite its ability to affect a baby's health status and ability to survive. In 2017, only 35.73% of babies in Indonesia received exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months. This study aims to determine infant feeding practices and identify the factors that influence the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Yogyakarta. This is a descriptive analysis study with a cross-sectional approach. The instruments that have been used in this study were the demographic data questionnaire, the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) questionnaire, and the Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) questionnaire. A total of 421 mothers were involved in this study and the research was conducted between June 2019 to April 2020 in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Correlation data analysis was performed using chi-square and point biserial correlation and the multivariate analysis used logistic regression. Infant feeding practice was high with 82.4% of infants receiving exclusive breastfeeding. It was found that employment status, knowledge, mothers’ attitudes, and self-efficacy about breastfeeding have significant correlations with exclusive breastfeeding. Employment status, knowledge, mothers’ attitudes, and self-efficacy about breastfeeding are factors that can encourage exclusive breastfeeding. <strong></strong></p>
Development of High Order Thinking Skills Based Assessment Tools in Pancasila Course: Critical Digital Citizenship Oriented
Authors: Triyani Triyani , Mustika Maryam , Sakman Sakman , Mantir Herry B 
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research and development is to develop a HOTS-based assessment tool oriented to critical digital citizenship on Pancasila as an ethical system and Pancasila as the basis for developing science and technology, namely the production of an assessment tool that focuses on higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in students. The method used in this research is the type of development research (R&D) with stages of market needs analysis, development, testing, and product revision. The form of the implementation of this research can be described as (1) workshop on analysis of Pancasila course curriculum (learning outcomes, material substance, assessment tools that have been developed; (2) workshop on development of HOTS-based assessment tools in Pancasila courses oriented towards critical digital citizenship ; (3) FGD expert validation; (4) trial of HOTS-based assessment tool in Pancasila course is oriented towards critical digital citizenship; and (5) preparation of the final research report. The results of this research and development that is based on expert assessment (expert) to the assessment tool were developed which got a mean score of 3.6 in both categories so that used for the assessment process. Based on the results of trials and reflections on the HOTS-based assessment tool oriented to critical digital citizenship, it was found that, First, students are happier when learning uses audio-visual. Second, the learning video assessment tool makes them better understand in analyzing phenomena that occur in society related to the actualization of Pancasila values ​​in their daily lives and environment. Third, the questions contained in the video make students think critically. Fourth, this learning video makes students understand and realize that there are still many students ignorant in their actions to be able to apply the values ​​of Pancasila.
Analisis Pelanggaran Maksim Sopan Santun dan Tindak Tutur Direktif dalam Anime Himouto Umaru Chan
Authors: Soelistyowati Diah , Elika Ninik 
Published: January 2022

The topic of this research is about directive speech act and the violations of politeness maxim in one of the famous anime. The speech act in this anime shows us about daily life activity. Both speakers and hearers can break people’s politeness in communication and make someone’s to do something. The aim of this research is to describes directive speech act and the violations of politeness maxim in anime entitled Himouto Umaru Chan. This research used descriptive qualitative method. For the speech act theory, the researcher used the theory proposed by Searle and Namatame and also politeness principal theory proposed by Geoffrey Leech. The data were taken from the speaker named Himouto Umaru Chan that used directive speech act and also shows the violations of politeness maxim in her speech. In collecting the data, the researcher employ listening and note-taking technique. It can be concluded that the most occurance data of directive speech act is meirei and the violations of tact maxim is when Umaru chan make some orders to her brother for her personal needs.
Antibacterial Activities and Toxicity of Streptosporangium sp. SM1P
Authors: Nofiani Risa , Rizky Rizky , Brilliantoro Ridho 
Published: January 2022

This study aims to explore the anti-bacterial and toxicity activities from a rare actinobacterium isolated from mangrove, Mempawah District, West Kalimantan. The mangrove mud sample from Mempawah district was inoculated on ISP4 agar using a pour plate method. After 4 days of incubation, a colony of suspected actinobacterium was appeared, then isolated and coded as SM1P. SM1P was characterized based on morphological and biochemical traits and identified as a genus of Streptroporangium then called Streptroporangium sp. SM1P. Streptroporangium sp. SM1P was carried out anti-bacterial assay on both ISP1 agar and ISP4 agar media using the cross-streak method for the solid-state fermentation. The result showed that Streptroporangium sp. SM1P could inhibit Streptococcus sp. and Salmonella typhi on ISP1 agar and treptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi on ISP4 agar. Streptroporangium sp. SM1P was cultivated on ISP1 broth and extracted using ethyl acetate, then evaporated to obtain crude extract. The crude extract was used for anti-bacterial assay (well-diffusion method for liquid-state fermentation) and toxicity assay (brine shrimp lethality test). The crude extract was active against 2 of the test bacteria (Streptococcus sp. and E. coli). The best medium and state fermentation for anti-bacterial assay were ISP4 agar with the condition of solid-state fermentation. The extract SM1P prepared on ISP1 broth showed toxic activity based on LC50 (106.094 µg/mL). Therefore, Streptroporangium sp. SM1P have a potential source to explore secondary metabolites having anti-bacterial and toxicity activities.
Comparison of Cr/C and Cr2O3/Z Catalysts on Hydrocracking of Bio Oil from Pyrolysis of Palm Empty Fruit Bunches
Authors: Fanani Zainal , Hasanuddin Hasanuddin , Rachmat Addy , Said Muhammad 
Published: January 2022

Bio-oil derived from palm empty fruit bunch is not suitable for fuel purpose due to high acidity and low heating. Cr2O3/Zeolite and Cr/C catalysts was developed to upgrade bio-oil through hydrocracking. The catalyst prepared via impregnation method followed by oxidation-reduction. Ammonia and pyridine adsorption used to evaluate acidity as well as crystallinity assessment by using XRD. Hydrocracking reaction conducted in hydrogen gas flow rates 0.5-3.0 L/min, the surface area of Cr/C catalyst found out 1,497.07-1,652.58 m2/g, whilst the temperatures 450 to 700 ℃ and the catalyst weights between 0.5 to 2.5 g. Acidity calculated from ammonia and pyridine adsorption shows Cr2O3/Zeolite has higher value compare to pristine Zeolite. XRD pattern shows Cr2O3/Zeolite has high crystallinity as indicated by sharp and pointed diffraction peaks. The optimum condition of hydrocracking confirmed by lower density of liquid product. The variables obtained by a separate experiments shows that H2 gas flow rate best at 2.5 L/min, temperature of hydrocracking 500 ℃ for Cr2O3/Zeolite and 600oC for Cr/C whereas weight of Cr2O3/Zeolite catalyst is 1.5 g. The Cr/C catalyst that gave low density product possess 1,554.48 m2/g surface area. GCMS data shows increase on the number of straight chain compounds within the hydrocracking product.
The Relation Between Corporate Philanthropy and Territorial Development in Brazil: Mapping the Corporate Social Managers’ Perspectives
Authors: Menezes Pagotto Livia , Xavier Nicolletti Mariana , Monzoni Mario 
Published: January 2022

Research objective: To characterize and to discuss corporate social investment focused on territorial development in Brazil.
Theoretical framework: Corporate philanthropy and corporate community relations.
Methodology: Narrative approach based on a two-fold data collection strategy: semi-structured interviews and a focus group.
Results: Three main narratives to make sense of the role of corporate social investment in fostering territorial development: (i) institutional capabilities and social participation; (ii) and aligning of corporate social investment to public policies; and (iii) shared value and social license to operate.
Originality: A comprehensive understanding of the territorial approach for development projects implemented by corporate social investors in Brazil.
Theoretical and practical contributions: Contributions to the literature about corporate philanthropy, corporate community relations and, about the territorial development agenda in Brazil. Practical implications on the roles and responsibilities of businesses and its impacts on territorial development and, on the other hand, of the corporate social investor and its contribution to the development of the localities where a company operates.
Phacoemulsification and calculation of intraocular lenses in patients given keratorefractive surgery. Part 2
Authors: Ioshin I. E. 
Published: January 2022

Effective rehabilitation of patients with cataracts who underwent keratorefractive surgeries requires that the optical power of the IOL be calculated correctly to avoid hyperopic error. The purpose of the 2nd part of the research (for the 1st part, see ROJ, 2021; 14 (2): 55–58) is to present the results of cataract phacoemulsification in patients subjected to keratorefractive surgery based on the author’s algorithm for calculating the optical power of the IOL. Material and methods. The algorithm used optical biometry with an IOL-Master device. The main technique of improving the accuracy of IOL calculation after keratorefractive operations has been to introduce amendments to standard IOL calculation formulas. This work proposes an alternative, which consists in using the Hoffer Q formula, as it is more consistent with changes in the anterior segment of the myopic eye after keratorefractive surgery than other basic. The main distinguishing feature of the Hoffer Q formula is that the corneal refraction is not converted into the radius of curvature but is applied directly as the optical power of a “thin lens”. Results. The empirical customized correction was +1.0 D with regard to the estimated planned postoperative refraction (for patients with initial myopia from -3 to -9 D). The use of the “thin lens” principle made it possible to extrapolate this formula and apply it after LASIK surgery and after radial keratotomy. Conclusion. The proposed technique of IOL calculation was implemented for cataract phacoemulsification in over 200 patients who underwent keratorefractive surgeries. No cases of hyperopic shift of postoperative refraction were noted. The deviation from the planned myopic refraction did not exceed 1.0 D.
Vascular and vegetative factors of glaucoma attack
Authors: Bakunina N. A. , Kolesnikova L. N. , Poryadin G. V. , Salmasi J. M. , Balashova L. M. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose. To study the involvement of vascular and vegetative factors in the pathogenesis of glaucoma attack. Material and methods. 12 patients (24 eyes) aged 49 to 82 — 5 men and 7 women, including 3 patients with acute glaucoma and 9 patients with subacute glaucoma were subjected to an ophthalmological examination that included visometry, tonometry, automated static perimetry, OCT and OCT angiography. They were also tested for heart rate variability (HRV) using a Polar heart rate monitor, and for plasminogen content and products of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation in the tear. For comparison, the contralateral eyes of these patients were examined. Results. In the eyes with an acute glaucoma attack, the vascular network was noticeably weakened, especially in the area of the deep peripapillary vascular plexus at the lamina cribrosa level, and focal capillary loss was observed. The peripapillary density of the deep vascular plexus in the eyes with an acute attack was 33.0 ± 5.6 % (М ± m), which was significantly (p < 0.01) lower as compared to 50.0 ± 4.7 % in the unaffected eyes. This indicator correlated with the thickness of the ganglion cell complex (GCC) (p < 0.01). In unaffected eyes, no correlations were found between these glaucoma-related parameters. A significant amount of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products was found in the tear of glaucoma patients, which may point to a violation of blood circulation in the optic nerve vessels. It has been established that glaucoma attack occurs with increased activity of sympathetic regulation of blood flow. Conclusion. When monitoring this contingent of patients, it is essential to determine the sympathetic-parasympathetic status of the patient. Taking into account the vascular component of the condition, it is expedient to introduce the necessary additions into its treatment plans
The role of optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of the leukemic infiltration of the optic nerve and retina
Authors: Grishina E. E. , Ryabtseva A. A. , Andryuhina O. M. , Kovrizhkina A. A. 
Published: January 2022

Even though there are multiple diseases of the optic nerve and the retina in patients with hemoblastosis, their ophthalmoscopic picture is similar in many respects. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the differential diagnosis of various manifestations of hemoblastosis in the fundus. Material and methods. From Jan. 2015 to Jan. 2019, 9 patients (5 men and 4 women aged 29 to 72) with hemoblastosis and lesions of the optic nerve and retina were examined. Results. 5 patients were diagnosed with leukemic infiltration of the optic nerve. The remaining 4 patients had, congestive optic discs (1), occlusion of the central retinal vein (1), anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (1), and bilateral occlusion of the central retinal artery with leukemic infiltration of eye membranes (1). The article describes the ophthalmoscopic pictures and OCT data for the specific diseases. Unlike other diseases of the optic nerve and retina, leukemic infiltration is characterized by a pronounced dense edema in the inner layers of the retina with shielding of the underlying outer layers of the retina. Conclusion. OCT is an important additional method for differential diagnosis of leukemic infiltration and other diseases of the optic nerve and retina in patients with hemoblastosis.
A new algorithm of treatment choice in primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Antonov A. A. , Kozlova I. V. , Vitkov A. A. , Agadzhanyan T. M. 
Published: January 2022

Purpose: to develop a comprehensive algorithm for choosing the optimal method for monitoring and treating patients with primary openangle glaucoma (POAG). Material and methods. 30 patients with POAG, aged 30 to 86, underwent an ophthalmological examination which included visometry, standard automatic perimetry, tonometry, ophthalmoscopy, and biomicroscopy. The data obtained were evaluated on a point scale according to the innovative algorithm, on the basis of which a plan of patient management was recommended. Then the recommendation of the algorithm was compared with the suggestion of an expert specializing in the treatment of glaucoma. Results. The proposed innovative algorithm for treating POAG patients sets up four stages in the appointment of topical hypotensive therapy. When gaining a certain number of points, the algorithm recommends surgical treatment. The treatment tactics suggested by the algorithm, agreed with the opinion of glaucoma expert in most of the cases (27 out of 30 cases; 90%). Conclusion. An algorithm for the treatment of patients with POAG has been proposed and tested. The algorithm makes it possible to assess the progression of the glaucomatous process and select the optimal tactics for managing the patient in real time of examination.
Valor del espíritu académico para la Educación en Josef Pieper
Authors: Leonetti Ignacio Sergio 
Published: January 2022

El empoderamiento técnico y el giro materialista de los últimos siglos han marcado con una huella indeleble a la humanidad de nuestro tiempo. La guía que podía suponer la vida espiritual enraizada en una metafísica que la sustente se ha desdibujado al compás de la mecanización total de la vida misma. Lamentablemente estas circunstancias se manifiestan en el síntoma de la pérdida de una real comunicación y diálogo entre las personas, problemáticamente reemplazados por el lenguaje formal –y totalitario- de la nueva sofística publicitaria y proselitista.
Frente a esto se alza el pensamiento de Josef Pieper que nos urge a recuperar la vida espiritual en el espíritu de la contemplación para que el hombre se encuentre a sí mismo y a los demás. Para ello, traza como camino esencial el espíritu académico en la Educación Superior. Todas las ciencias –especialmente al ser enseñadas- deben vivir “lo académico” en su sentido más originario para ser forjadoras de almas pensantes y frenar el avance totalitario del automatismo en la vida de cada ser humano.
Effect of price and promotion on customer loyalty of domestic and export coal in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Firdaus Muhammad , Wahab Zakaria , Widiyanti Marlina , Shihab Muchsin Saggaf 
Published: January 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effect of price and promotion on the loyalty of domestic and export coal customers during the COVID 19 pandemic at PT Bukit Asam, Tbk. The population in this study were all domestic and export coal consumers who made purchases during the COVID-19 pandemic at PT. Bukit Asam, Tbk in 2020 as many as 58 companies. Determining the sample in this study uses a purposive sampling technique. With consideration to save time and effort and get more accurate results, the number of samples used in this study was 100 respondents distributed through distributing questionnaires. The multiple linear regression analysis results show that price has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty for domestic and export coal during the COVID-19 pandemic at PT Bukit Asam, Tbk. Sales promotion positively and significantly affected customer loyalty for domestic and export coal during the COVID 19 pandemic at PT Bukit Asam, Tbk. The price variable is expected to make adjustments in determining the price of coal by surveying competitors who sell coal. In the sales promotion variable, it is expected that the company can improve in doing more attractive advertising.
Predicting Working Memory in Healthy Older Adults Using Real-Life Language and Social Context Information: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Ferrario Andrea , Luo Minxia , Polsinelli Angelina J , Moseley Suzanne A , Mehl Matthias R , Yordanova Kristina , Martin Mike , Demiray Burcu 
Published: January 2022

Background
Language use and social interactions have demonstrated a close relationship with cognitive measures. It is important to improve the understanding of language use and behavioral indicators from social context to study the early prediction of cognitive decline among healthy populations of older adults.

Objective
This study aimed at predicting an important cognitive ability, working memory, of 98 healthy older adults participating in a 4-day-long naturalistic observation study. We used linguistic measures, part-of-speech (POS) tags, and social context information extracted from 7450 real-life audio recordings of their everyday conversations.

Methods
The methods in this study comprise (1) the generation of linguistic measures, representing idea density, vocabulary richness, and grammatical complexity, as well as POS tags with natural language processing (NLP) from the transcripts of real-life conversations and (2) the training of machine learning models to predict working memory using linguistic measures, POS tags, and social context information. We measured working memory using (1) the Keep Track test, (2) the Consonant Updating test, and (3) a composite score based on the Keep Track and Consonant Updating tests. We trained machine learning models using random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and light gradient boosting machine algorithms, implementing repeated cross-validation with different numbers of folds and repeats and recursive feature elimination to avoid overfitting.

Results
For all three prediction routines, models comprising linguistic measures, POS tags, and social context information improved the baseline performance on the validation folds. The best model for the Keep Track prediction routine comprised linguistic measures, POS tags, and social context variables. The best models for prediction of the Consonant Updating score and the composite working memory score comprised POS tags only.

Conclusions
The results suggest that machine learning and NLP may support the prediction of working memory using, in particular, linguistic measures and social context information extracted from the everyday conversations of healthy older adults. Our findings may support the design of an early warning system to be used in longitudinal studies that collects cognitive ability scores and records real-life conversations unobtrusively. This system may support the timely detection of early cognitive decline. In particular, the use of a privacy-sensitive passive monitoring technology would allow for the design of a program of interventions to enable strategies and treatments to decrease or avoid early cognitive decline.