bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TWO-DIMENSIONAL CONCEPTIONS OF POLITICAL LIBERTY
Authors: Ballingrud Gordon 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to combine two orthogonal conceptions of political liberty into one heuristic. The liberal and republican conceptions of liberty are the dominant explanations of political liberty: the former consisting in the absence of restraint, and the latter in the absence of domination. I argue that neither of these conceptions is adequate on its own. Using either in isolation leads to gaps, occasions in which we might wish to describe a person as unfree without the resources from either conception allowing us to do so. Therefore, I provide a heuristic that allows combining both conceptions into one conceptual plane. I hope also to describe the underlying dimension on which I place both the liberal and republican conceptions, invoking Nussbaum’s and Sen’s conceptions of capabilities.
REPENTANCE AND CONSCIENTIOUS VIOLENT EXTREMISTS
Authors: Tudor Steven 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis article examines what repentance might mean on the part of conscientious violent extremists, who commit very serious violent crimes, intending their acts to advance a political or ideological cause and firmly believing their acts to be morally permitted or required. The article looks at remorse, repudiation of one’s conduct, repudiating aspects of the self, and resolving to make amends. The article presents a modest conception of what should be accepted as repentance in such contexts. Repentance can come in degrees, and it should usually be enough that the extremist is genuinely remorseful and repudiates their violent actions against innocent people, even if it would be better in many cases if they also abandoned extremist thinking and dropped their commitment to their ultimate cause.
HOW CAN SANCTUARY POLICIES BE JUSTIFIED?
Authors: Wilcox Shelley 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Over the past decade, the increased involvement of local police in facilitating the deportation of undocumented migrants has played a central role in creating a record-breaking volume of deportations from the United States. In response to this so-called deportation crisis, nearly six hundred localities have enacted sanctuary policies that limit their cooperation with federal authorities on immigration matters. This paper explores three moral justifications for sanctuary policies: the public safety, civil disobedience, and collective resistance arguments. Specifically, it addresses two questions: Which justifications are available for which types of sanctuary policies? What must these justifications accomplish in order to be successful? I argue that although common public safety considerations can justify some sanctuary policies, others are best understood as a form of legitimate collective resistance.
PUNISHMENT AND THE VALUE OF DESERVED SUFFERING
Authors: McKenna Michael 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAn assumption central to some forms of retributivism is that it is noninstrumentally good that a culpable wrongdoer suffers in receiving a deserved punishment. A justification for this can be built from a conversational theory of moral responsibility, and in particular deserved blame. On such a theory, deserved blame is fitting as a response to a wrongdoer insofar as it is conversationally meaningful as a reply to a wrong done. Punishment, it might be argued, has this feature too. The conversational aim in both deserved blame and punishment is for the guilty to grasp the meaning conveyed by those who blame or punish and then respond meaningfully by, for example, apologizing or expressing remorse. Ideally, a culpable agent would experience a form and degree of guilt suitable for a wrong done. So, a conversational theory of punishment can then be justified in terms of providing conditions conducive for a culpable wrongdoer to respond to punishment by manifesting an appropriately pained response of guilt.
THE SAFETY OF USING GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE AND VALUE JUDGMENTS
Authors: Lacey Hugh 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Are claims made about the safety of using genetically engineered organisms (GEOs) well enough supported by available empirical data to justify the many uses of GEOs and the priority increasingly being given to developing and expanding GEO-oriented agriculture? I will explore the ways in which empirical results and value judgments are entangled when making appraisals of these claims. I will discuss specifically how value judgments play roles in defining what counts as sufficient empirical evidence to support them, in identifying what kinds of risks need to be investigated empirically in order to obtain that evidence, and in deciding what forms of agriculture constitute the appropriate points of comparison when considering the risks of using GEOs.
Da “Re(s)source Conference” de Lyon à Pandemia Covid-19: impactos e contribuições à teoria da Abordagem Documental do Didático
Authors: Igliori Sonia Barbosa Camargo 
Published: February 2022

Neste artigo realizamos um sobrevoo em dois eventos que, de formas diferentes, impactaram e contribuíram com os estudos relativos à interlocução dos professores com recursos para o ensino, um meio de desenvolvimento da prática profissional. Esses eventos são “Re(s)source Conference” ocorrido em maio de 2018 na ENS de Lyon na França com o objetivo de refletir sobre a teoria Abordagem Documental do Didático, e o outro evento que se iniciou dois anos após de modo inesperado e sem organização, a Pandemia do Covid-19, cujos impactos continuam por todo o mundo, interferindo nas ações humanas. A “Conference” contou com a participação de pesquisadores de todos os continentes, e a Pandemia também não deixou ninguém de fora, atingindo o mundo todo de forma avassaladora e destruidora. O objetivo do artigo é refletir sobre a os efeitos desses eventos na educação de um modo geral e na educação matemática de um modo particular. É hora de repensar nossas relações sociais, incluindo aí a educacional. Nessa perspectiva, é interessante o chamamento da UNESCO de que deveríamos tornar a matemática “humanizada”. Focando na ADD e seus constructos, é importante tirar lições do que a Pandemia nos indicou, buscar a renovação do sistema de recursos profissionais dos professores, em particular de matemática, com o apoio institucional, valorizar o trabalho coletivo e cooperativo e o uso abalizado de tecnologias, em favor de uma matemática para todos. Para o desenvolvimento do artigo, coletamos dados no site e anais da conferência, e em artigos recentes sobre os impactos da pandemia. Como resultado, evidenciamos as diferentes concepções sobre recursos, documentos, instrumentos, entre outros, e o que se inferiu sobre a interlocução professor/recursos e impactos da pandemia na educação, atingindo o objetivo proposto de iluminar as contribuições extraídos desses eventos para o avanço da ADD.
Practical Potential of Grain Impurities in the Processing of Sunflower Oil Raw Materials in the Oil and Fat Industry
Authors: Mykhailov Yevhen , Zadosna Natalia , Ihnatiev Yevhen , Kutsenko Anastasiia , Hutsol Taras , Grotkiewicz Katarzyna , Firman Yuriy , Horetska Iryna 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The analysis of statistical data showed that a large amount of plant waste is generated annually in oil and fat production plants, which must be processed and reused. The paper analyzes the problems of reusing sunflower oil production waste, which is characterized by a relatively high energy value: 1 ton of plant waste is equivalent to 0.625 tons of conventional fuel. According to the mathematical estimation, the actual total amount of impurities is 7.29%, in which major impurities constitute 25.7%. Studies have shown a high probability of oil – containing impurities – 37.25%. Therefore, it is recommended to process such impurities into fuel briquettes and technical oil to increase the profitability of sunflower oil production. For example, at the annual load of technological equipment of the Melitopol Oil Extraction Plant, in 250 days, at a daily processing capacity of 550 t˙day-1, an annual profit of 560,000 EUR is obtainable from the sunflower grain impurities processed into fuel and technical oil.
Zastosowanie leptyny rekombinowanej w leczeniu różnych typów lipodystrofii Treatment options with recombinant leptin in various types of lipodystrophy.
Authors: Hołysz Hanna , Totoń Ewa 
Published: February 2022

Abstrakt
Lipodystrofie to grupa chorób objawiających się zanikiem i/lub nieprawidłowym rozmieszczeniem tkanki tłuszczowej w organizmie człowieka. W związku z tym, że tkanka tłuszczowa jest narządem hormonalnie czynnym, jej niedobór doprowadza do powstania wielu zaburzeń metabolicznych i hormonalnych, wynikających w dużej mierze ze zmniejszonego wytwarzania leptyny, jednego z ważniejszych hormonów wydzielanych przez tkankę tłuszczową. Leptyna jest cytokiną, która po połączeniu z receptorem leptynowym uczestniczy przede wszystkim w regulacji ośrodka głodu, ale także wywołuje angiogenezę i stymuluje układ odpornościowy, przez stymulację wysp beta trzustki reguluje glikemię, działa protekcyjnie na układ kostny, wpływa na płodność, cykl menstruacyjny i ciążę, hamuje syntezę triglicerydów w wątrobie i tkance tłuszczowej oraz stymuluje lipolizę. W związku z tym uważa się, że to właśnie niedobór leptyny jest odpowiedzialny za zaburzenia metaboliczne powstałe w przebiegu lipodystrofii. Badania kliniczne wskazują na możliwość wykorzystania rekombinowanej leptyny – metreleptyny w celu uzupełnienia niedoboru hormonu. U pacjentów z różnymi typami lipodystrofii po zastosowaniu metreleptyny zaobserwowano normalizację poziomu glukozy, triglicerydów i cholesterolu frakcji HDL. Ponadto pacjenci sygnalizowali zmniejszenie apetytu i spadek BMI przy jednoczesnym braku istotnych działań niepożądanych leku. W związku z tym dopuszczono wykorzystanie metreleptyny w Stanach Zjednoczonych i Europie do leczenia chorych z niektórymi typami lipodystrofii. Natomiast zastosowanie leku w innych schorzeniach objawiających się zaburzeniami metabolicznymi jest w fazie badań klinicznych.
Fruit Quality Indicators of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) Cultivars Bred in Ukraine
Authors: Shevchuk Liudmyla , Grynyk Igor , Levchuk Liudmyla , Babenko Svitlana , Podpriatov Hryhorii , Kondratenko Petro 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
As a result of the evaluation of the physical and biochemical quality indicators of the fruit of thirteen apple cultivars of Ukrainian breeding, it was found that the fruits of ‘Teremok’, ‘Skifs’ke Zoloto’, ‘Amulet’, ‘Perlyna Kyieva’, ‘Harant’, ‘Edera’, ‘Radohost’, ‘Todes’ and ‘Askol’da’ are characterized by high stability of market traits based on the maximum diameter of the equatorial dimension, which varies depending on the cultivar, from 70 mm to 78 mm. The firmness of the fruit flesh of the evaluated cultivars in the harvest maturity was over 7.0 kg·cm−2 but in ‘Solomiya’ and ‘Dmiana’ this indicator was 11.1 kg·cm−2. The fruits of ‘Harant’ and ‘Todes’ were distinguished by a high dry matter content (over 18%). The highest content of soluble solids (14.5%) was accumulated in the fruits of ‘Dmiana’, and the maximum amount of sugars (11.6%) in the fruit of the ‘Ornament’. The fruits of ‘Teremok’, ‘Skifs’ke Zoloto’, ‘Amulet’, ‘Edera’, ‘Perlyna Kyieva’, ‘Kateryna’ and ‘Dmiana’ were characterized by excellent taste quality based on the values of the sugar-acid index (20–25). In the fruits of ‘Kateryna’, ‘Dmiana’ and ‘Solomiya’, a stable pectin content (over 1%) was found. The fruits of ‘Harant’ accumulated a high content of ascorbic acid (11.5 mg·100 g−1 of fresh weight), while ‘Kateryna’, ‘Radohost’, ‘Solomiya’ and ‘Askol’da’ contained over 240 mg·100 g−1 of fresh weight of polyphenols. According to the complex of the quality indices, the fruits of ‘Teremok’, ‘Skifs’ke Zoloto’, ‘Perlyna Kyieva’, ‘Askol’da’ and ‘Dmiana’ were distinguished by high commercial value and excellent consumption properties. The fruits of ‘Kateryna’, ‘Ornament’, ‘Dmiana’ and ‘Solomiya’ were characterized by stable carbohydrate content, while ‘Harant’ and ‘Askol’da’ by a stable high content of ascorbic acid and polyphenols, respectively.
Field trial of antibody response to inactivated bacterial vaccine in young Holstein calves: influence of animal health status
Authors: Mori Kazusa , Otomaru Konosuke , Kato Toshihide , Yokota Osamu , Ohtsuka Hiromichi 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the primary causes of death in young calves. Vaccination against infection by the common bacteria causing BRD is possible; however, the physical condition of the young calves that enables antibody production when stimulated by early immunisation remains to be elucidated.

Material and Methods
Healthy young female Holstein calves on a commercial dairy farm were fed a colostrum replacer and administered primary and booster immunisations with an inactivated vaccine against the bacterial pneumonia agents Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica. At each immunisation, the body weight and height at the withers were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood was sampled immediately before immunisation and 3 weeks following the booster. The calves were divided into positive and negative groups based on the antibody titre at the final blood sampling. Maternal antibody titres at the primary immunisation and BMI, nutritional status and oxidative stress at both immunisations were compared between the two groups.

Results
Antibody titre at the primary and BMI at both immunisations were significantly higher in the positive than in the negative group (P < 0.05). Additionally, serum gamma globulin was significantly higher in the positive group (P < 0.05), indicating a strong correlation between maternal antibody and serum gamma globulin levels.

Conclusion
Elevated maternal antibody titre and higher BMI are positive factors for successful early immunisation, for which suitable colostrum may also be fundamental in young calves administered inactivated vaccines.
Development of a real-time TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of porcine circovirus 4
Authors: Chen Wanting , Jiang Dike , Xiao Lu , Zhang Pengfei , Luo Yan , Yang Zexiao , Yao Xueping , Wang Yin , Wu Xulong 
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was first discovered in 2019 in a herd of pigs with porcine respiratory disease, dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in Hunan Province, China. It has subsequently been detected in other provinces and in South Korea. In consideration of the potential of the virus to cause an epidemic, rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of PCV4 is needed, as is the facilitation of further epidemiological research through elucidation of the whole genome of PCV4. This study had those two aims.

Material and Methods
Fifty-five blood samples, two pig tissue samples, nine saliva swabs and one semen sample which all originated from Sichuan province pig farms were analysed. The virus’ genome of 1,770 bp was synthesised artificially based on a Chinese reference strain and primers and probes for the ORF2 gene were designed. Then, the amplified target fragment was cloned into the pMD19-T vector and a series of diluted recombinant plasmids were used to generate a standard curve. An optimised real-time TaqMan PCR method was established.

Results
The results of this study showed that the established method is specific for PCV4 but not for other viruses, and has amplification efficiency of 99.6%, a regression squared value (R2) of 1.000 and a detection limit of 2.2×10 DNA copies. This method was shown to be analytically specific and sensitive with a low intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation (<1.67 %). Of a total of 67 clinical samples tested using the established method, three were shown to be positive (4%).

Conclusion
This study confirms the existence of PCV4 in Sichuan and provides a promising alternative tool for rapid detection of PCV4.
First Results on the Removal of Emerging Micropollutants from Municipal Centrate by Microalgae
Authors: Mezzanotte Valeria , Marazzi Francesca , Ficara Elena , Mantovani Marco , Valsecchi Sara , Cappelli Francesca 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
The results of a first campaign of sampling and analyses of emerging micropollutants in the influent (municipal centrate) and effluent of a pilot MBP raceway are reported. The algal population was chiefly made of Chlorella spp. and the pilot worked satisfactorily for the removal of nitrogen. 14 emerging micropollutants were analysed. Average removal efficiencies exceeding 80 % were observed for diclofenac, lamotrigine, ketoprofene, clarithromycin. For such compounds the variability of removal efficiency was also reduced, with respect to the other tested molecules, and was particularly low for diclofenac and lamotrigine. Removal efficiencies over 50 % were measured for azithromycin, metoprolol and irbesartan but with strong variability. Lower removal efficiencies were observed for amisulpride and 5-methylbenzotriazole, while for the remaining compounds the concentrations in the effluent were higher than in the influent.
On the Distribution of αp Modulo One in Quadratic Number Fields
Authors: Baier Stephan , Mazumder Dwaipayan , Technau Marc 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
We investigate the distribution of αp modulo one in quadratic number fields 𝕂 with class number one, where p is restricted to prime elements in the ring of integers of 𝕂. Here we improve the relevant exponent 1/4 obtained by the first- and third-named authors for imaginary quadratic number fields [On the distribution of αp modulo one in imaginary quadratic number fields with class number one, J. Théor. Nombres Bordx. 32 (2020), no. 3, 719–760]) and by the first- and second-named authors for real quadratic number fields [Diophantine approximation with prime restriction in real quadratic number fields, Math. Z. (2021)] to 7/22. This generalizes a result of Harman [Diophantine approximation with Gaussian primes, Q. J. Math. 70 (2019), no. 4, 1505–1519] who obtained the same exponent 7/22 for ℚ (i) by extending his method which gave this exponent for ℚ [On the distribution of αp modulo one. II, Proc. London Math. Soc. 72, (1996), no. 3, 241–260]. Our proof is based on an extension of Harman’s sieve method to arbitrary number fields. Moreover, we need an asymptotic evaluation of certain smooth sums over prime ideals appearing in the above-mentioned work by the first- and second-named authors, for which we use analytic properties of Hecke L-functions with Größencharacters.
Hubungan Frekuensi Konsumsi dan Jenis Junk Food dengan Siklus Menstruasi pada Mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Mulawarman
Authors: Manurung Gresya Elizabet , Iskandar Abdillah , Rachmiputri Alfiani 
Published: February 2022

Irregular menstrual cycle is one of the most frequent problems among adolescent girls, such as in medical faculty student of Mulawarman University. This study aimed to determine the association between the frequency of consumption and kinds of junk food with menstrual cycle among female student in medical faculty of Mulawarman University. This was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. The subject of this study were 66 female students in medical faculty of Mulawarman University and taken non-randomly using the consecutive sampling method. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used as the instrument to measure the frequency of consumption and kinds of junk food in this study. The result showed that the majority of respondents were 20 years old and getting menarche on 8-14 years old. Most of the respondents have regular menstrual cycle (51,5%), consumed junk food 2-3 days/week (39,4%), and consumed foods made from processed meat or foods that contain high amount of sugar (21,2%). The result of logistic regression test showed that Chi square count less than Chi square table and Sig. more than 0,05. This study concludes that there was no significant correlation between frequency of consumption and kinds of junk food and menstrual cycle.

Keywords: frequency of consumption, kinds of junk food, menstrual cycle
Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Bidara (Zizipus Mauritiana L.) pada Kulit Akibat luka Bakar dalam Berbagai Varian Konsentrasi Ekstrak Terhadap Hewan Uji Kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.)
Authors: Usman Samsidar , Firawati Firawati , Zulkifli Zulkifli 
Published: February 2022

Tumbuhan Bidara merupakan salah satu obat tradisional yang banyak digunakan secara empiris di masyarakat. Olehnya itu perlu dilakukan penelitian fitokimia dalam mendapatkan informasi ilmiah tentang kandungan senyawa aktif dalam tumbuhan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif dan menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak daun Bidara (Zizipus Mauritiana L.) dalam meregenerasi sel kulit akibat luka bakar dalam berbagai variasi konsentrasi. Skrining fitokimia merupakan proses identifikasi senyawa kimia yang terdapat pada tumbuhan, meliputi senyawa alkaloid, flavanoid, tannin dan saponin. Berdasarkan hasil skrining diketahui bahwa ekstrak daun Bidara positif mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu alkaloid, flavanoid, tannin dan saponin. Uji efektivitas ekstrak daun Bidara merupakan suatu penelitian eksperimental yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan hewan uji kelinci dengan indikator luka bakar yang terdiri dari diameter luka dan persentase penyembuhan luka bakar. Hasil yang diperoleh pada masing-masing kelompok perlakuan dianalisis dengan menggunakan tekhnik uji beda ANOVA (rancangan Tuckey HSD). Berdasarkan uji ANOVA diperoleh nilai tidak signifikan 0,812 pada hari ke-7 , signifikan 0,025 pada hari ke-14, dan signifikan 0,008. pada hari ke- 21.