bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire ash residues do not affect ecological functions of Phanaeus palaeno in Cerrado grassland
Authors: Reis Nayara Letícia , Beiroz Wallace , Peñaflor Maria Fernanda Gomes Villalba , Louzada Júlio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractFire is a major force acting on the structure and dynamics of the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna). Post‐fire conditions can be severe for soil‐dwelling organisms, such as dung beetles, which play essential roles in the Cerrado ecosystem. This study evaluated whether ash residues affect the ecological functions of dung burial and soil bioturbation by the Cerrado‐native beetle Phanaeus palaeno Blanchard (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Phanaeini), and how its sex and weight influence the performance of ecological functions under post‐fire conditions. The beetles were collected from open natural grasslands and pastures in the Cerrado biome, and the functions performed by the individuals were evaluated in the laboratory. The response of beetles was measured by quantifying the amount of buried dung and soil by both females and males in buckets filled with soil, half covered or fully covered with ash, or in buckets without ash. The amount of buried dung or bioturbated soil did not differ among treatments, demonstrating that ash does not influence P. palaeno in performing these functions. Females bioturbated more soil and buried more dung than males, but neither were affected by ash. As dung beetles perform essential ecosystem functions, this information may be helpful in developing novel fire management practices to conserve Cerrado biodiversity.
Increase in NREM sleep slow waves following injections of sodium oxybate in the mouse cerebral cortex and the role of somatostatin‐positive interneurons
Authors: Spano Giovanna Maria , Cavelli Matias , Marshall William , Tononi Giulio , Cirelli Chiara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe systemic administration of sodium oxybate (SXB), the sodium salt of gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid, promotes slow wave activity (SWA, 0.5–4 Hz EEG power) and increases non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. These effects are mediated by the widely expressed GABAb receptors, and thus, the brain areas targeted by SXB remain unclear. Because slow waves are mainly a cortical phenomenon, we tested here whether systemic SXB promotes SWA by acting directly on the cortex. Moreover, because somatostatin (SOM) + cortical interneurons play a key role in SWA generation, we also assessed their contribution to the effects of SXB. In adult SOM‐Cre mice, the injection of SXB in left secondary motor cortex increased SWA during NREM sleep in the first 30 min post‐injection (11 mice: either sex). SWA, the amplitude and frequency of the slow waves, and the frequency of the OFF periods increased ipsilaterally and contralaterally to the SXB injection in frontal and parietal cortex. All these changes disappeared when the intracortical injection of SXB was preceded by the chemogenetic inhibition of the SOM+ cells. Thus, SXB may promote the slow waves of NREM sleep, at least in part, by acting directly on the cortex, and this effect involves GABAergic SOM+ interneurons. Our working hypothesis is that SXB potentiates the ability of these cells to inhibit all other cortical cell types via a GABAb mechanism, thus promoting the transition from ON to OFF periods during NREM sleep.
Association between the risk of seizure and COVID‐19 vaccinations: A self‐controlled case‐series study
Authors: Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Ng Vanessa Wai Sei , Chang Richard Shek‐Kwan , Yan Vincent Ka Chun , Chui Celine Sze Ling , Wong Carlos King Ho , Li Xue , Lai Francisco Tsz Tsun , Chan Esther Wai Yin , Hung Ivan Fan Ngai , Lau Kui Kai , Wong Ian Chi Kei 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe risk of seizure following BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccinations has been sparsely investigated. This study aimed to evaluate this association.MethodPatients who had their first seizure‐related hospitalization between February 23, 2021 and January 31, 2022, were identified in Hong Kong. All seizure episodes happening on the day of vaccination (day 0) were excluded, since clinicians validated that most of the cases on day 0 were syncopal episodes. Within‐individual comparison using a modified self‐controlled case series analysis was applied to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of seizure using conditional Poisson regression.ResultsWe identified 1656 individuals who had their first seizure‐related hospitalization (BNT162b2: 426; CoronaVac: 263; unvaccinated: 967) within the observation period. The incidence of seizure was 1.04 (95% CI .80–1.33) and 1.11 (95% CI .80–1.50) per 100 000 doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac administered, respectively. Sixteen and 17 individuals, respectively, received a second dose after having a first seizure within 28 days after the first dose of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccinations. None had recurrent seizures after the second dose. There was no increased risk during day 1–6 after the first (BNT162b2: IRR = 1.39, 95% CI = .75–2.58; CoronaVac: IRR = 1.19, 95% CI = .50–2.83) and second doses (BNT162b2: IRR = 1.36, 95% CI = .72–2.57; CoronaVac: IRR = .71, 95% CI = .22–2.30) of vaccinations. During 7–13, 14–20, and 21–27 days post‐vaccination, no association was observed for either vaccine.SignificanceThe findings demonstrated no increased risk of seizure following BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccinations. Future studies will be warranted to evaluate the risk of seizure following COVID‐19 vaccinations in different populations, with subsequent doses to ensure the generalizability.
Multi‐scale analyses on mechano‐electric degradation of film interconnects in flexible electronics
Authors: Huang Xingzhen , Li Zhaoxia 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn flexible electronics, the fatigue reliability of film interconnects will directly affect the stability of the entire device. Since the thickness of the film material is usually much smaller than its length and width, the fatigue of film interconnects exhibits significant size effects. To evaluate the reliability of film interconnects, based on the theory of continuum damage mechanics, a multi‐scale damage model considering length‐scale effect is established. For the convenience of the model application in damage prediction of film interconnects, a multi‐scale mechano‐electric degradation model is further proposed. Validation with experimental data shows that the model can predict the fatigue life and resistance changes of not pre‐stretched films well. For pre‐stretched films, the proposed model is also applicable to thicker films without debonding or damage localization. The proposed model is expected to provide a facile approach for fatigue life prediction of flexible electronic devices with coplanar mesh structures.
Thomistic Divine Simplicity and its Analytic Detractors: Can one affirm Divine Aseity and Goodness without Simplicity?
Authors: Michelson Jared 
Published: October 2022

AbstractI evaluate three of the most widespread analytic objections to the doctrine of divine simplicity: that it fails to cohere with the application of accidental predicates like ‘creator’ or ‘lord’ to God, problematically entails that God is identical to an abstract object, and is inconsistent with the freedom and contingency of God’s acts in creation resulting in modal uniformity/collapse. In dialogue with Thomas’s account of the doctrine, I suggest that each objection is either the product of a misinterpretation or is addressed by Thomas himself. This defence of Thomas’s view of divine simplicity further unearths the way his account of divine simplicity is, according to Thomas, necessary to secure divine aseity and ultimacy. This places a burden upon analytic objectors to divine simplicity, questioning whether their neo‐classical conception of God offers an adequate account of divine ultimacy, aseity, and even goodness.
Women who die in custody: What Australian coroners’ reports tell us
Authors: Walsh Tamara 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWomen's deaths in custody remain under‐researched around the world. This article reports on a large‐scale study on deaths in custody conducted in Australia that involved an analysis of 736 coroners’ inquest reports dated between 1991 and 2020. Women were substantially under‐represented among this sample, comprising less than 5% of all deaths, but half of the women were Indigenous. While most of the women had a range of individual risk factors in common – such as a history of victimisation, mental illness and drug and alcohol use – the Indigenous women also experienced systemic racism from their custodians and the medical personnel to whom they were referred for treatment. While most coroners focused primarily on the cause of death, some made recommendations directed at addressing unconscious bias. This research supports calls for alternatives to detention for women and the decriminalisation of racialised offences such as public intoxication.
Aridity drives the loss of dung beetle taxonomic and functional diversity in three contrasting deserts
Authors: Castro Sánchez‐Bermejo Pablo , deCastro‐Arrazola Indradatta , Cuesta Eva , Davis Adrian L. V. , Moreno Claudia E. , Sánchez‐Piñero Francisco , Hortal Joaquín 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAimAridity gradients are of great interest for understanding the responses of biodiversity to water availability and water stress. However, little is known about the responses of many animal groups, which are crucial for assessing the effects of climate change. Here, we study the effects of aridity on dung beetle communities, a group with well‐known responses to large‐scale environmental gradients.LocationSahara, Kalahari and Chihuahuan deserts.TaxaDung beetles of the family Scarabaeidae.MethodsWe conducted standardized surveys along approximately 400 km aridity gradients in each of the three deserts, and measured species richness, abundance, evenness and three aspects of trait‐based functional diversity (functional richness, functional evenness and functional dispersion). By using randomization tests and linear mixed models, we compared observed with expected values for functional diversity indices from null models that hierarchically incorporate additional assembly constraints.ResultsOverall, we found a decrease of both taxonomic richness and functional dispersion along the three aridity gradients. Also, aridity seems to have mild effects on functional richness and functional evenness. Besides these general trends, we identified differences between deserts in the responses of both taxonomic and functional diversity.Main conclusionsAridity shows greater importance than competition and other processes of limiting similarity or stochastic processes in community assembly. Also, the functional hypervolume of dung beetle desert communities decreases with aridity not only due to species loss, but also because of selection of a few distinct phenotypes under harsh environmental conditions. Last, we observed that the different regional pools respond to aridity in different ways. Therefore, understanding future responses of dung beetle communities to the progressive decreases in water availability driven by climate change requires determining how the characteristics of the species in the regional pool interact with aridity‐driven assembly processes.
Neurophysiologic predictors of individual risk for post‐operative delirium after elective surgery
Authors: Ross Jessica M. , Santarnecchi Emiliano , Lian Shu Jing , Fong Tamara G. , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Cavallari Michele , Travison Thomas G. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Libermann Towia A. , Schmitt Eva M. , Inouye Sharon K. , Shafi Mouhsin M. , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro ,   the SAGES II Study Group
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundPost‐surgical delirium is associated with increased morbidity, lasting cognitive decline, and loss of functional independence. Within a conceptual framework that delirium is triggered by stressors when vulnerabilities exist in cerebral connectivity and plasticity, we previously suggested that neurophysiologic measures might identify individuals at risk for post‐surgical delirium. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and provide preliminary experimental evidence of the predictive value of such neurophysiologic measures for the risk of delirium in older persons undergoing elective surgery.MethodsElectroencephalography (EEG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were collected from 23 patients prior to elective surgery. Resting‐state EEG spectral power ratio (SPR) served as a measure of integrity of neural circuits. TMS–EEG metrics of plasticity (TMS‐plasticity) were used as indicators of brain capacity to respond to stressors. Presence or absence of delirium was assessed using the confusion assessment method (CAM). We included individuals with no baseline clinically relevant cognitive impairment (MoCA scores ≥21) in order to focus on subclinical neurophysiological measures.ResultsIn patients with no baseline cognitive impairment (N = 20, age = 72 ± 6), 3 developed post‐surgical delirium (MoCA = 24 ± 2.6) and 17 did not (controls; MoCA = 25 ± 2.4). Patients who developed delirium had pre‐surgical resting‐state EEG power ratios outside the 95% confidence interval of controls, and 2/3 had TMS‐plasticity measures outside the 95% CI of controls.ConclusionsConsistent with our proposed conceptual framework, this pilot study suggests that non‐invasive and scalable neurophysiologic measures can identify individuals at risk of post‐operative delirium. Specifically, abnormalities in resting‐state EEG spectral power or TMS‐plasticity may indicate sub‐clinical risk for post‐surgery delirium. Extension and confirmation of these findings in a larger sample is needed to assess the clinical utility of the proposed neurophysiologic markers, and to identify specific connectivity and plasticity targets for therapeutic interventions that might minimize the risk of delirium.
Exploring nurses' role in guiding residents' workplace learning: A mixed‐method study
Authors: Jansen Iris , Silkens Milou E. W. M. , Galema Gerbrich , Vermeulen Hester , Geerlings Suzanne E. , Lombarts Kiki M. J. M. H. , Stalmeijer Renée E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding residents’ workplace learning could be optimized by not only considering attending physicians’ role but also the role of nurses. While previous studies described nurses' role during discrete activities (e.g. feedback), a more profound understanding of how nurses contribute to residents' learning remains warranted. Therefore, we used the educational concept of guidance and explored the extent to which residents' and nurses' perceptions align regarding nurses' guiding role and which reasons they provide for their perceptions.MethodsThis mixed‐method study was conducted at four Dutch university medical centres in 2021. We simultaneously collected quantitative and qualitative data from 103 residents and 401 nurses through a theory‐informed questionnaire with a Likert‐scale and open‐ended questions. We analyzed quantitative data to explore respondents' perceptions of nurses' guiding role by using anova. The thematically analyzed qualitative open comments explored respondents' reasons for their perceptions.ResultsNurses indicated to provide significantly more support (p = .01) and guidance on learning from patient care (p < .01) than perceived by residents. Moreover, nurses indicated that attending physicians did not always involve them in guiding residents, whereas residents perceived nurses were being involved (p < .001). Themes suggest that nurses and residents could be divided into two groups: (i) respondents who felt that guiding was inextricably linked to good interprofessional collaboration and patient care and (ii) respondents who saw the guiding role as limited and emphasised the distinct fields of expertise between nurses and physicians.ConclusionsResidents and nurses felt that nurses played an important role in guiding residents' workplace learning. However, some residents did not always perceive to be guided. To further capitalise on nurses' guiding role, we suggest that residents can be encouraged to engage in the learning opportunities nurses provide to achieve optimal team‐based patient care.
SUE4, a novel PIN1‐interacting membrane protein, regulates acropetal auxin transport in response to sulfur deficiency
Authors: Zhao Qing , Zhao Ping‐Xia , Wu Yu , Zhong Chang‐Quan , Liao Hong , Li Chuan‐You , Fu Xiang‐Dong , Fang Ping , Xu Ping , Xiang Cheng‐Bin 
Published: October 2022

Summary

Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for plants and a signaling molecule in abiotic stress responses. It is known that S availability modulates root system architecture; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown.

We previously reported an Arabidopsis gain‐of‐function mutant sulfate utilization efficiency4 (sue4) that could tolerate S deficiency during germination and early seedling growth with faster primary root elongation. Here, we report that SUE4, a novel plasma membrane‐localized protein, interacts with the polar auxin transporter PIN1, resulting in reduced PIN1 protein levels and thus decreasing auxin transport to the root tips, which promotes primary root elongation.

Moreover, SUE4 is induced by sulfate deficiency, consistent with its role in root elongation. Further analyses showed that the SUE4–PIN1 interaction decreased PIN1 levels, possibly through 26 S proteasome‐mediated degradation.

Taken together, our finding of SUE4‐mediated root elongation is consistent with root adaptation to highly mobile sulfate in soil, thus revealing a novel component in the adaptive response of roots to S deficiency.
Genetic dissection of quantitative trait loci for spikelets compactness in two Yanzhan1‐derived recombinant inbred line wheat populations
Authors: Hu Wenjing , Wu Hongya , Lu Chengbin , Zheng Xu , Jia Jizeng , Xu Weigang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSpikelets compactness (SC) plays an important role in the yield improvement and Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance of wheat. In this study, 151 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from a cross between Yangmai 4 (YM4) and Yanzhan 1 (YZ1) and 143 RIL derived from a cross between Yangmai 5 (YM5) and YZ1 were used to construct two wheat hexaploidy genetic linkage maps, evaluate SC across three years and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SC. A total of seven QTL were identified in two populations and explained the phenotypic variation ranging from 6.27% to 22.49%. Four QTL were co‐located in two genomic regions on chromosomes 2D and 6B, namely, QSc‐2D and QSc‐6B, respectively. Comparison analysis showed that QSc‐6B is a novel QTL, whereas QSc‐2D was located in the interval of Rht8. Significant additive effects of QSc‐2D and QSc‐6B on SC were observed in two RIL populations. Moreover, the positive alleles of these two QTL extremely significantly increased grain number per spike (GNS) but did not have a significantly negative effect on thousand‐grain weight (TGW), kernel length (KL) and kernel weight (KW). Whether in spray or point inoculation, QSc‐6B did not significantly influence FHB resistance in two populations. However, QSc‐2D significantly affected FHB resistance in spray inoculation in YM4/YZ1 population. A breeder‐friendly Kompetitive Allele‐Specific PCR (KASP) marker KASP_6B for QSc‐6B has been developed and verified in a set of 181 wheat cultivars/lines. Furthermore, we preliminary analysed the candidate genes within the physical interval of QSc‐6B by sequence similarity, spatial expression patterns and collinearity analysis. TraesCS6B03G1206900, TraesCS6B03G1214800 and TraesCS6B03G1218300 show specific expression in spikelet. These results provide valuable information for map‐based cloning of QSc‐6B and a useful tool for wheat breeding.
Can microcredit reduce vulnerability to poverty? Evidence from rural Vietnam
Authors: Phan Chung Thanh , Vo Thang Tat , Vo Diem Thi Hong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractExtant literature has extensively explored microcredit's impacts, confirming its essential role in poverty alleviation. However, most studies focus on poverty measures that exclusively emphasize current poverty status without adequately addressing the potential of falling into or remaining in poverty. Furthermore, the role of credit services in helping the poor in rural areas appears to be underexamined in the literature. To address this knowledge gap, this study investigates whether rural microcredit can reduce household vulnerability to poverty. A theoretical framework is developed to capture the mechanism by which microcredit borrowing has a vital role in household businesses and impacts the probability of being poor in the future. The Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey data set from 2008 to 2016 is used to explore this issue. The findings indicate that rural Vietnam's access to microcredit significantly reduces vulnerability to poverty. Moreover, better‐off households are seemingly the most effective at using microcredit, whereas the opposite is found among worse‐off households. These results are found to be robust using the propensity score matching method.
Berlin's queer archipelago: Landscape, sexuality, and nightlife
Authors: Andersson Johan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe metaphor of the archipelago has informed ideas about Berlin's post‐war and post‐wall fractured urban landscape as well as recent work on sexual minorities in the city. In the context of Berlin's landscape, the image refers to green islands of spontaneous vegetation on sites left behind by bomb damage and border infrastructure, while in scholarship on sexuality, it suggests a more dispersed distribution of minority nightlife than in the traditional focus on the gayborhood. The two meanings come together in many of Berlin's electronic dance music clubs, which are located in overgrown voids—or Brachen in German—and form a queer archipelago outside the heteronormative grid. Drawing on insights from queer and ruderal ecology, as well as some of the memory literature from the early German reunification era, this paper explores these club islands in relation to the landscape term terrain vague. By focusing on two sites in the former East Berlin borough of Friedrichshain—Wriezener Park, next to the city's most famous club Berghain, and the Brache‐turned‐dance club ://about blank—Berlin's current status as a global centre for queer club culture is understood through the lens of its unusual urban landscape and spectral ecologies.
An Evaluation of Decision Support Technology in Simulated Offshore Ice Management
Authors: Soper Jonathan , Smith Jennifer , Power Jonathan , Veitch Brian 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
In this research, an experimental method was used to evaluate the effects of a novel digital Decision Support System (DSS) for maritime ice management operations. This was done using a marine bridge simulator to determine whether the use of this technology can improve ice management performance. The experiment used the DSS to assist seafaring cadets in simulated emergency ice management operations. The operation scenarios saw the cadets use a supply vessel under their control to clear sea ice from the lifeboat launch zone of an offshore installation. The DSS allowed participants to request assistance, which was provided through text-based instructions and visual replay of a previous approach from a past study. The cadets usually adopted the strategy recommended by the DSS, but did not demonstrate statistically significant performance improvements, which we attribute to their lack of ship handling experience. This research provides insight into the efficacy of decision support technology in presenting advice for ice management activities. It also describes an effective method for evaluating this technology.