bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of the components of exercise prescription for sarcopenic older adults
Authors: Kumar Prabal , Umakanth Shashikiran , Girish N. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To synthesize the details of the exercises/exercise program prescribed for the improvement of muscle mass/muscle strength/physical performance among sarcopenic older adults.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in five electronic databases and the details of exercises such as single component or multicomponent exercise program, frequency/week, intensity, duration of the exercise program, type of exercises, progression, adverse events reported, outcome measures used, and whether technology or other educational aids were used to deliver the program were extracted.

Results
A total of 10,045 records were identified and 27 records were included. Resistance exercises were included in all the studies, with the frequency ranging from 1 to 5/week, intensity ranging from 20 to 80% of 1 repetition maximum (RM), or 6–14 points on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and duration per session ranging from 20 to 75 min. The intensity of aerobic exercises ranged from 50 to 70% of heart rate max or a level of 7–17 in RPE with a duration ranging from 6 to 30 min per session for 2–5 days/week. For balance exercises, the intensity was mentioned as the level of effort 3 on a scale of 10, and the time duration per session ranged from 5 to 30 min for a frequency of 2/3 per week.

Conclusion
This review synthesized the components of exercise prescription for sarcopenic older adults which would help practitioners and researchers in selecting the frequency, intensity, duration, type, mode, and progression while prescribing exercises.
Some developments around the Katznelson–Tzafriri theorem
Authors: Batty Charles , Seifert David 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis paper is a survey article on developments arising from a theorem proved by Katznelson and Tzafriri in 1986 showing that$${\rm lim}_{n \rightarrow \infty} ||T^{n}(I-T)|| = 0$$limn→∞||Tn(I-T)||=0ifTis a power-bounded operator on a Banach space and$$\sigma (T)\cap \mathbb{T} \subseteq\{1\}$$σ(T)∩T⊆{1}. Many variations and consequences of the original theorem have been proved subsequently, and we provide an account of this branch of operator theory.
Entries of the inverses of large positive definite Toeplitz matrices
Authors: Böttcher Albrecht 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis is an expository paper embarking on the asymptotic behavior
of the entries of the inverses of positive definite symmetric Toeplitz
matrices as the matrix dimension goes to infinity. We consider the behavior
of the entries in neighborhoods of the four corners as well as the
density of the distribution of the entries over all of the inverse matrix.
Capacity and the quasicentral modulus
Authors: Voiculescu Dan-Virgil 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWe point out that the quasicentral modulus is a noncommutative analogue of a nonlinear rearrangement invariant Sobolev condenser capacity. In the case of the shifts by the generators of a finitely generated group, the quasicentral modulus coincides with a corresponding nonlinear condenser capacity on the Cayley graph of the group. Some other capacities related to the quasicentral modulus are also discussed.
Log-normalization constant estimation using the ensemble Kalman–Bucy filter with application to high-dimensional models
Authors: Crisan Dan , Del Moral Pierre , Jasra Ajay , Ruzayqat Hamza 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this article we consider the estimation of the log-normalization constant associated to a class of continuous-time filtering models. In particular, we consider ensemble Kalman–Bucy filter estimates based upon several nonlinear Kalman–Bucy diffusions. Using new conditional bias results for the mean of the aforementioned methods, we analyze the empirical log-scale normalization constants in terms of their
$\mathbb{L}_n$
-errors and
$\mathbb{L}_n$
-conditional bias. Depending on the type of nonlinear Kalman–Bucy diffusion, we show that these are bounded above by terms such as
$\mathsf{C}(n)\left[t^{1/2}/N^{1/2} + t/N\right]$
or
$\mathsf{C}(n)/N^{1/2}$
(
$\mathbb{L}_n$
-errors) and
$\mathsf{C}(n)\left[t+t^{1/2}\right]/N$
or
$\mathsf{C}(n)/N$
(
$\mathbb{L}_n$
-conditional bias), where t is the time horizon, N is the ensemble size, and
$\mathsf{C}(n)$
is a constant that depends only on n, not on N or t. Finally, we use these results for online static parameter estimation for the above filtering models and implement the methodology for both linear and nonlinear models.
Matrix calculations for moments of Markov processes
Authors: Daw Andrew , Pender Jamol 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMatryoshka dolls, the traditional Russian nesting figurines, are known worldwide for each doll’s encapsulation of a sequence of smaller dolls. In this paper, we exploit the structure of a new sequence of nested matrices we callmatryoshkan matricesin order to compute the moments of the one-dimensional polynomial processes, a large class of Markov processes. We characterize the salient properties of matryoshkan matrices that allow us to compute these moments in closed form at a specific time without computing the entire path of the process. This simplifies the computation of the polynomial process moments significantly. Through our method, we derive explicit expressions for both transient and steady-state moments of this class of Markov processes. We demonstrate the applicability of this method through explicit examples such as shot noise processes, growth–collapse processes, ephemerally self-exciting processes, and affine stochastic differential equations from the finance literature. We also show that we can derive explicit expressions for the self-exciting Hawkes process, for which finding closed-form moment expressions has been an open problem since their introduction in 1971. In general, our techniques can be used for any Markov process for which the infinitesimal generator of an arbitrary polynomial is itself a polynomial of equal or lower order.
Jetting and migration of a laser-induced cavitation bubble in a rectangular channel
Authors: Brujan Emil-Alexandru , Zhang A.-M. , Liu Yun-Long , Ogasawara Toshiyuki , Takahira Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2022

The jetting behaviour and migratory characteristics of a laser-induced cavitation bubble in a rectangular channel are investigated both experimentally and numerically, for various combinations of the geometric and physical parameters of the system. High-speed photography is used to visualize the temporal development of the bubble shape, the formation of liquid jets during bubble collapse, and the bubble displacement in contact with the sidewalls of the channel during two oscillation cycles of the bubble. The bubble profiles, pressure contours and velocity vectors ambient to the bubble are obtained through numerical simulation results by using an Eulerian finite element method with a compressible liquid impact model. The jetting behaviour of the bubble varies between single jet formation and the formation of three liquid jets directed towards each wall of the channel. The numerical calculations indicate that the liquid jets directed towards the sidewalls of the channel reach maximum velocities of 100 m s−1while the peak velocity of the liquid jet directed towards the channel endwall is about 55 m s−1. A small bubble generated close to a sidewall of the channel develops only a single inclined jet during collapse. Such jets can reach velocities of up to 110 m s−1. A bubble displacement in contact with the sidewalls of the channels of 350 μm was observed during the first two oscillation cycles for a bubble with a maximum diameter slightly smaller than the height of the channel. The results of our investigations are compared to previous results obtained in similar configurations.
Variability in the vertical temperature profile within crevasses at an alpine glacier
Authors: Purdie Heather , Zawar-Reza Peyman , Katurji Marwan , Schumacher Benjamin , Kerr Tim , Bealing Paul 
Published: September 2022

AbstractTasman Glacier, a temperate maritime glacier in the New Zealand Southern Alps, is rapidly receding. Climate warming is resulting in lengthening of the ablation season, meaning crevasses in the accumulation area are becoming exposed at the surface for longer. We combine measurements of air temperature and wind speed from inside crevasses with surface meteorological data, finding that during summer, in-crevasse air temperature is frequently positive, and can at times exceed surface air temperature. Greatest warming occurred in the widest crevasses during clear-sky conditions, but full depth warming of crevasses also occurred at night. Net shortwave radiation contributes to heating of air in the upper regions of crevasses, but turbulent sensible heat transfer was responsible for driving warm air deeper into crevasses. Crevasses orientated to maximise radiation retrieval, and running parallel to wind flow, have the greatest potential for warming and heat storage. We hypothesise a positive feedback loop in the surface energy-balance system, where crevasses entrain and trap heat, which enhances melting, that in turn enlarges the crevasses, enabling greater heat storage and further melting. Energy-balance models that treat accumulation areas of alpine glaciers as homogeneous surfaces will therefore underestimate snow melt and overestimate mass balance.
Latitudinal influences on bryozoan calcification through the Paleozoic
Authors: Reid Catherine M. , Wyse Jackson Patrick N. , Key Marcus M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBryozoans are active non-phototrophic biomineralizers that precipitate their calcareous skeletons in seawater. Carbonate saturation states varied temporally and spatially in Paleozoic oceans, and we used the Bryozoan Skeletal Index (BSI) to investigate whether bryozoan calcification was controlled by seawater chemistry in Paleozoic trepostome and cryptostome bryozoans. Our results show that cryptostome bryozoan genera were influenced by ocean chemistry throughout the Paleozoic and precipitated the most calcite at lower latitudes, where carbonate saturation states are generally higher, and less in midlatitudes, where carbonate will be relatively undersaturated. Trepostome bryozoan genera show a similar but weaker trend for the Ordovician to Devonian, suggesting that, like the cryptostomes, they were unable to metabolically overcome falling saturation states and simply precipitated less robust skeletons at higher latitudes. Carboniferous to Triassic trepostomes differ, however, and show a trend toward increased calcification at higher latitudes, indicating an ability to overcome unfavorable carbonate saturation states. Analysis of Permian trepostomes at the species level indicates this is most pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere, where calcification is matched by increased feeding capacity. It is proposed that this increased feeding capacity allowed trepostomes to metabolically overcome unfavorable carbonate saturation states. The differing responses of trepostome and cryptostome bryozoans to carbonate saturation states suggest that bryozoans should not be considered as a single group in marine extinctions linked to ocean chemistry changes. Likewise, it would suggest that modern stenolaemate and gymnolaemate bryozoans should be treated separately when considering their response to modern ocean chemistry changes.
Sovereignty as Care: Acquaintances, Mutuality, and Scale in the Wa State of Myanmar
Authors: Steinmüller Hans 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSovereignty always relies on a double movement of violence and care. It requires the power to exercise violence as well as the capacity to care, to protect, and to nourish. In the footsteps of Foucault and Agamben, numerous scholars have rediscovered the same paradox in philosophical and legal texts. Anthropologists writing about informal and practical sovereignty pay attention to violence, but sometimes ignore the importance of care for the exercise of sovereignty. Against such tendencies to focus on texts and on violence, this article deals with sovereignty as care. The concrete examples are the relationships of care between commanders, soldiers, and villagers in the Wa State of Myanmar, a de-facto state governed by an insurgent army. In the absence of an effective government bureaucracy, popular sovereignty in this military state relies on a particular logic of personal relations, in which care is central. Subordinates have to careaboutleaders, whereas leaders are supposed to careforsubordinates. Care provides the balance and foil for the exercise of violence, and both are necessary for the exercise of sovereignty. The combination of violence and care in personal relations is scaled up to create “the people” as the subject and object of sovereignty. The article describes the logic of personal relations that allows for the exercise of popular sovereignty in the Wa State and elsewhere.
Mafic to felsic dyke swarms in coastal Guangdong, China: geochemical and geochronological constraints on the latest Mesozoic geodynamics on the southern margin of the South China Block
Authors: Cai Jianxin , Wu Yi , Han Yulin 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe coastal region of Guangdong Province, China, is characterized by well-developed dyke swarms. The dykes with widths of decimetres to metres and lengths of tens of metres occur along straight and planar fractures cutting granites or volcanic rocks with Jurassic to Early Cretaceous ages. They show steep attitudes with strikes varying from NNW to NNE and from NE to SE, consistent with a stress regime transition from E–W to N–S extension. Major-element analysis on representative dyke samples reveals a composition range from basaltic to andesitic with a few dacitic outliers. Trace elements of most samples show notable Nb–Ta negative anomalies and Pb positive anomalies on the primitive mantle normalized spidergrams, characteristic of arc-related rocks. Among these, several dacite samples show notable fractionated medium rare earth elements and heavy rare earth elements and high Sr/Y (47–74) and La/Yb (15–21) ratios indicative of adakitic affinity. A few samples lack anomalies in Nb and Ta and have primitive trace-element ratios (e.g. Nb/La and Sr/Nd) or initial ϵNd values resembling ocean island basalt-like rocks. Rare earth element distribution patterns of all samples are right inclined and generally absent of Eu anomalies, which together with other trace-element indexes indicate an origin from heterogeneous mantle sources with depths below the stability field of plagioclase. Radiogenic isotopes, especially those of Nd and Sr (or Nd–Pb), define an array extended from the depleted to enriched mantle (EMII) provenance. LA-ICP-MS dating of zircon obtains ages between 110 and 70 Ma indicating emplacement of these dykes in latest Early to Late Cretaceous time, a time just before initiation of the South China Sea basin. In the context of regional geodynamics, it is proposed that these dykes were formed in a tectonic setting transiting from a Pacific-related back-arc to a passive continental margin pertaining to the development of the South China Sea basin.
In vitro anthelmintic activity of an R-carvone nanoemulsions towards multiresistant Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Aguiar Antônia Aniellen Raianne Moises , Filho José Vilemar de Araújo , Pinheiro Henety Nascimento , Campelo Matheus da Silva , Ribeiro Wesley Lyeverton Correia , Melo Ana Carolina Fonseca Lindoso , Rocha Letícia Oliveira da , Ribeiro Maria Elenir Nobre Pinho , Ricardo Nágila Maria Pontes Silva , Abreu Flávia Oliveira Monteiro da Silva , Oliveira Lorena Mayana Beserra de , André Weibson Paz Pinheiro , Bevilaqua Claudia Maria Leal 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThis work aimed to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effect of carvone nanoemulsions on Haemonchus contortus. Three R-carvone nanoemulsions were prepared: uncoated R-carvone nanoemulsions homogenized in a sonicator (UNAlg-son) and homogenized in an ultrahomogenizer (UNAlg-ultra) and sodium alginate-coated R-carvone (CNAlg-ultra). The physicochemical characterizations of the nanoemulsions were carried out. The anthelmintic activity was evaluated using egg hatch test (EHT), larval development test (LDT) and adult worm motility test (AWMT). Changes in cuticle induced in adult H. contortus were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were subjected to analysis of variance and compared using the Tukey test (P < 0.05). The effective concentration to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching and larval development was calculated. The particle sizes were 281.1 nm (UNAlg-son), 152.7 nm (UNAlg-ultra) and 557.8 nm (CNAlg-ultra), and the zeta potentials were −15 mV (UNAlg-son), −10.8 mV (UNAlg-ultra) and −24.2 mV (CNAlg-ultra). The encapsulation efficiency was 99.84 ± 0.01%. SEM of the nanoemulsions showed an increase in size. In EHT, the EC50 values of UNAlg-son, UNAlg-ultra and CNAlg-ultra were 0.19, 0.02 and 0.17 mg mL−1, respectively. In LDT, they were 0.29, 0.31 and 0.95 mg mL−1 for UNAlg-son, UNAlg-ultra and CNAlg-ultra, respectively. The adult motility inhibition was 100% after 12 h of exposure to UNAlg-ultra and CNAlg-ultra, while for UNAlg-son, it was 79.16%. SEM showed changes in the buccal capsule and cuticular damage. It was concluded that R-carvone nanoemulsions showed antiparasitic action demonstrating promise for the control of infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants.
Long-term temporal trends in gastrointestinal parasite infection in wild Soay sheep
Authors: Hayward Adam D. , Behnke Jerzy M. , Childs Dylan Z. , Corripio-Miyar Yolanda , Fenton Andy , Fraser Mariecia D. , Kenyon Fiona , McNeilly Tom N. , Pakeman Robin J. , Pedersen Amy B. , Pemberton Josephine M. , Sweeny Amy R. , Wilson Ken , Pilkington Jill G. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractMonitoring the prevalence and abundance of parasites over time is important for addressing their potential impact on host life histories, immunological profiles and their influence as a selective force. Only long-term ecological studies have the potential to shed light on both the temporal trends in infection prevalence and abundance and the drivers of such trends, because of their ability to dissect drivers that may be confounded over shorter time scales. Despite this, only a relatively small number of such studies exist. Here, we analysed changes in the prevalence and abundance of gastrointestinal parasites in the wild Soay sheep population of St. Kilda across 31 years. The host population density (PD) has increased across the study, and PD is known to increase parasite transmission, but we found that PD and year explained temporal variation in parasite prevalence and abundance independently. Prevalence of both strongyle nematodes and coccidian microparasites increased during the study, and this effect varied between lambs, yearlings and adults. Meanwhile, abundance of strongyles was more strongly linked to host PD than to temporal (yearly) dynamics, while abundance of coccidia showed a strong temporal trend without any influence of PD. Strikingly, coccidian abundance increased 3-fold across the course of the study in lambs, while increases in yearlings and adults were negligible. Our decades-long, intensive, individual-based study will enable the role of environmental change and selection pressures in driving these dynamics to be determined, potentially providing unparalleled insight into the drivers of temporal variation in parasite dynamics in the wild.
Familial risk for major depression: differential white matter alterations in healthy and depressed participants
Authors: Winter Alexandra , Thiel Katharina , Meinert Susanne , Lemke Hannah , Waltemate Lena , Breuer Fabian , Culemann Regina , Pfarr Julia-Katharina , Stein Frederike , Brosch Katharina , Meller Tina , Ringwald Kai Gustav , Thomas-Odenthal Florian , Jansen Andreas , Nenadić Igor , Krug Axel , Repple Jonathan , Opel Nils , Dohm Katharina , Leehr Elisabeth J. , Grotegerd Dominik , Kugel Harald , Hahn Tim , Kircher Tilo , Dannlowski Udo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with alterations in brain white matter (WM) microstructure. However, diffusion tensor imaging studies in biological relatives have presented contradicting results on WM alterations and their potential as biomarkers for vulnerability or resilience. To shed more light on associations between WM microstructure and resilience to familial risk, analyses including both healthy and depressed relatives of MDD patients are needed.MethodsIn a 2 (MDD v. healthy controls, HC) × 2 (familial risk yes v. no) design, we investigated fractional anisotropy (FA) via tract-based spatial statistics in a large well-characterised adult sample (N = 528), with additional controls for childhood maltreatment, a potentially confounding proxy for environmental risk.ResultsAnalyses revealed a significant main effect of diagnosis on FA in the forceps minor and the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (ptfce−FWE = 0.009). Furthermore, a significant interaction of diagnosis with familial risk emerged (ptfce−FWE = 0.036) Post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed significantly higher FA, mainly in the forceps minor and right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, in HC with as compared to HC without familial risk (ptfce−FWE < 0.001), whereas familial risk played no role in MDD patients (ptfce−FWE = 0.797). Adding childhood maltreatment as a covariate, the interaction effect remained stable.ConclusionsWe found widespread increased FA in HC with familial risk for MDD as compared to a HC low-risk sample. The significant effect of risk on FA was present only in HC, but not in the MDD sample. These alterations might reflect compensatory neural mechanisms in healthy adults at risk for MDD potentially associated with resilience.
Assessing the status of the Green Peafowl’s “expected stronghold” in dry forests along the Salawin River, north-west Thailand
Authors: Sukumal Niti , Thunhikorn Somying , Savini Tommaso 
Published: September 2022

SummaryThe suitable habitats of the Endangered Green PeafowlPavo muticushave declined by 80% over the past century due to extensive anthropogenic degradation. Currently, only six strongholds remain in mainland South-east Asia. While there are estimates of the species’ presence and status in five of these, the sixth one, defined as an “expected stronghold” located in the suitable dry forest along the Salawin River between Thailand and Myanmar, is not well documented. This study assessed the status of the area as a stronghold for the Green Peafowl’s long-term survival by estimating 1) the population density, 2) the current extension of suitable habitats, and 3) the threats to its survival. The area had an estimated density of 0.27 calling males/km2(CI = 0.07–1.01) inhabiting 9,154 km2of a mosaic of forest types, including mixed dry pine, mixed deciduous, and dry dipterocarp forests. Higher estimates were reported in other strongholds, including 0.8 birds/km2in Bago Yoma (Myanmar), 15.8 birds/km2in north-east Thailand, 1.13–11.34 birds/km2in HuaiKhaKhaeng Wildlife Sanctuary (Thailand), 0.15–1.7 birds/km2in northern Cambodia, and 0.15–4.69 birds/km2in eastern Cambodia / south-central Vietnam. Hunting, habitat disturbance, and the presence of humans posed the greatest danger to the species across the surveyed area. Our results confirm the potential of the area for the species’ long-term survival. However, this “expected stronghold,” which could sustain a population of over 10 calling males/km2like other high-quality strongholds, is in dire need of a comprehensive management plan to help reduce anthropogenic pressure. Ultimately, transboundary management between Thailand and Myanmar is crucial for the long-term repopulation of this stronghold.