bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pedagogical gaps in the bridge from classroom to field for pre-service principal competence development
Authors: Dexter Sara , Moraguez Daniel , Clement Davis 
Published: May 2022

PurposeThis cross-sectional survey captured educational leadership preparation programs' (ELPPs') relative emphases on 12 evidence-based school leadership competences and related pedagogical approaches to identify the gap between optimal performance per the literature base and actual practice reported for US ELPPs.Design/methodology/approachA survey with closed and open-ended questions was sent to all program coordinators of US-based ELPPs.FindingsResults indicate instructional leadership and use of data are especially emphasized competences, and readings and class-based work were the most prevalent modes of instruction. The most prevalent teaching methods are text and class-based work, and residencies/internships. The least prevalent are instructional tools associated with practice and rehearsal, such as simulations.Research limitations/implicationsThe data were collected prior to the world-wide shift in educational delivery associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While they do not capture during-pandemic approaches, the national-level findings provide an impetus for altering or strengthening approaches to leader preparation based upon the shortcomings these results suggest.Originality/valueThere has been no previous inquiry into all US ELPPs regarding how their curriculum aligns with empirically based leadership competences, what their pedagogical approaches include or the needs they identify to further improve their program's quality.
Stimulation strategies to promote green building uptake in developing countries: the case of Ghana
Authors: Anzagira Lee Felix , Duah Daniel , Badu Edward , Simpeh Eric Kwame , Marful Alexander B. 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the significant stimulating measures/enablers relating to the existing building regulations for promoting the adoption and overcoming the barriers to the uptake and implementation of the green building concept (GBC) in developing countries using Ghana as a case.

Design/methodology/approach
The quantitative research approach was used to attain the study’s goal. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were found to be suitable for collecting data from 292 relevant stakeholders in Ghana’s construction industry. The mean score ranking technique, in conjunction with the relative importance index, was used to establish the relative ranking of, among other things, the stimulus measures for increasing green building uptake in Ghana. An exploratory factor analysis was also used to classify the most significant stimulation strategies for improving green building uptake.

Findings
“Educational programmes relevant to GBTs for developers, contractors, and policymakers,” “sufficient information on the cost and benefits of GBTs” and “mandated green building codes and regulations” were the top three listed stimulating measures to promote increasing use of green building technologies (GBTs). The enablers were classified as follows: government regulations and policies; commitment and GB research; education and publicity; and incentives and support.

Research limitations/implications
The study was conducted in Ghana, a developing nation, and thus the findings and implications are peculiar to Ghana. However, the study’s findings have important practical implications for the adoption and marketing of GBCs and GBTs in other developing nations.

Originality/value
Prioritizing major stimulation initiatives may be beneficial in terms of overcoming the constraints to the adoption of GBCs and GBTs in developing countries.
Ideas of how peer support workers facilitate interprofessional learning in mental health care teamwork: conceptual paper
Authors: Viking Tuija , Nilsson Lena 
Published: May 2022

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute theoretical ideas of how peer support workers (PSWs) bring added value to interprofessional learning (IPL) in mental health care teamwork. The question is: How can we theoretically understand the value of PSWs’ expertise for IPL in mental health care teamwork?

Design/methodology/approach
Initially, the authors formulate a hypothesis. Then, the authors describe the focus and context in IPL and PSWs, respectively, and the PSWs’ and mental health professions’ different roles, expertise and perspectives. The authors also refer to some peer provided programs related to IPL. Finally, the authors construct an outline and apply ideas from Wenger’s Communities of Practice (CoP).

Findings
Using CoP, the PSWs as newcomers can by their perspectives change mental health professions’ perspectives and stimulate IPL in teamwork.

Originality/value
The paper gives theoretical insights of how PSWs can facilitate IPL in mental health care teamwork.
Limited impacts of adaptive multi‐paddock grazing systems on plant diversity in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Grenke Jessica S. J. , Bork Edward W. , Carlyle Cameron N. , Boyce Mark S. , Cahill James F. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Grassland plant community structure and function are dependent on the type, timing, frequency and intensity of disturbance. Grazing systems employing dense herds of livestock for short periods of time (e.g. Adaptive Multi‐paddock Grazing; AMP) are gaining popularity as a potentially sustainable practice. Effects of AMP systems on plant diversity and composition are unknown, though theory provides some expectations. Spatially homogeneous grazing used by AMP may be a uniform ecological filter, thereby lowering plant diversity; alternatively, the AMP practice of using multiple paddocks might enhance habitat heterogeneity. Maintaining plant diversity, particularly of native species, is a key aspect of sustainability. As such, an understanding of the real‐world effects of AMP grazing is needed.

We studied grasslands within 18 pairs of ranches across the northern Great Plains. Ranches managed under AMP were paired with a neighbouring ranch (N‐AMP) using regionally representative grazing practices. We collected surveys of management practices and conducted 2 years of on‐farm sampling to identify plant composition and diversity.

Ranch management practices used by self‐identified AMP ranchers differed significantly (p < 0.1) from those used on neighbouring ranches, with higher stocking densities (number of animals per area at a single time) but not stocking rates (total number of animals per unit time per area) on AMP relative to N‐AMP ranches.

There were fewer plant species in AMP grasslands at both the plot and landscape scales compared to N‐AMP ranches despite no overall difference in plant community composition. Management type did not alter the variability of plant community composition (beta diversity) or plot‐level species evenness. Although there were trends for lower diversity of native and introduced species at both spatial scales, a significant effect was found only for native species at the landscape scale.

Synthesis and applications. The impacts of AMP grazing system management were limited to a minor reduction in plant diversity, with a modest decline in native species richness. We conclude that the benefits of AMP grazing in the northern Great Plains do not include the maintenance of plant diversity, and this system could hinder the conservation of remaining native plant species.
Parties’ attack behaviour in parliaments: Who attacks whom and when
Authors: POLJAK ŽELJKO 
Published: May 2022

AbstractVarious research have been directed towards investigating the behaviour of political parties engaging in attacks. However, this topic has predominantly been studied in campaigning venues while focusing only on the attacker (parties that are attacking). This study contributes to the existing literature by (i) studying attack behaviour in the parliamentary venue, and (ii) analysing the interactions between both the attacker and the target. To this end, this paper uses longitudinal data on attacks during question time sessions in the parliaments (2010 to 2020) of Belgium, Croatia and the United Kingdom. More specifically, I investigate the conditions that make parties engage in mutual attacks. These conditions can be characterised along three dimensions: time (proximity to elections), status (government vs. opposition), and ideology (close vs. distant). The results confirm the overarching argument that: (i) more attacks in parliaments happen closer to election day; (ii) opposing parties are more likely to attack the government rather than vice‐versa; (iii) governing parties equally attack the opposition and themselves; and finally, (iv) the larger the ideological distance between parties, the more likely attacks happen (with mainstream parties engaging equally in attack behaviour compared to radical parties). As such, these findings contribute to our understanding of attack strategies between parties in regular day‐to‐day politics.
Do body‐worn cameras reduce disparities in police behavior in minority communities? Evidence of nuanced influences across Black and Hispanic neighborhoods
Authors: Huff Jessica 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch SummaryThe adoption of body‐worn cameras (BWCs) is often promoted in response to contentious police use of force incidents involving minority civilians. BWCs are expected to improve policing outcomes by enhancing accountability, although researchers have yet to determine whether BWCs can reduce racial/ethnic disparities. I examine whether BWCs mitigate the influence of neighborhood racial/ethnic context on arrests and use of force using cross‐classified logistic regression models to examine the outcomes of 900,000+ police–civilian contacts in Phoenix. Arrests were significantly more likely to occur in Hispanic and Black neighborhoods before and after BWC deployment, even accounting for situational, officer, and neighborhood characteristics. When BWCs were activated in Black neighborhoods, the odds of arrest decreased by 38%. However, BWCs did not moderate the influence of neighborhood percentage of Hispanic on arrest. The neighborhood racial/ethnic context was not associated with the use of force pre‐ or post‐BWC deployment.Policy ImplicationsAlthough BWCs have been associated with several positive outcomes, their ability to reduce racial/ethnic disparities appears to be overstated. As such, more targeted approaches to reducing disparities in policing outcomes are needed. For example, leveraging the information collected through BWCs could facilitate enhanced supervision to identify officers engaging in racially disparate practices and hold them accountable. Although neighborhood racial/ethnic context was a robust predictor of arrest, these results point to nuanced influences of BWC activation in minority communities. This could be due to differential causes of arrest in Black and Hispanic neighborhoods.
Cutaneous adverse reactions following the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID‐19 vaccine
Authors: Luo Anna , Oakley Amanda 
Published: May 2022

AbstractA growing number of cutaneous adverse reactions have been reported following the administration of a COVID‐19 vaccine. We describe a series of twenty patients who developed a variety of cutaneous conditions within two weeks of receiving the Pfizer/ BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, serum cytokines, and dementia among rural‐dwelling older adults in China: A population‐based study
Authors: Wang Yongxiang , Li Yuanjing , Liu Keke , Han Xiaolei , Dong Yi , Wang Xiaojie , Wang Mingqi , Cong Lin , Zhang Qinghua , Tang Shi , Hou Tingting , Liu Cuicui , Song Lin , Han Xiaojuan , Vetrano Davide L. , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackground and purposeLittle is known about whether nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with dementia or the role of serum proinflammatory cytokines in the association. We aimed to investigate the interrelationships of NAFLD, serum cytokines, and dementia among rural‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThis population‐based cross‐sectional study included 5129 participants (aged ≥60 years; 61.79% women) who were living in rural communities and examined in March 2018–September 2018. NAFLD was defined through transabdominal ultrasound examination in the absence of hepatitis B or excessive alcohol consumption. Serum cytokines were measured in a subsample (n = 1686). Dementia, Alzheimer disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD) were diagnosed following international criteria. Data were analyzed with logistic regression and mediation models.ResultsOf the 5129 participants, 455 (8.87%) were detected with moderate‐to‐severe NAFLD, and 292 (5.69%) were diagnosed with dementia (188 with AD and 96 with VaD). The multivariable adjusted odds ratios associated with moderate‐to‐severe (vs. no‐to‐mild) NAFLD were 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41–3.49) for all‐cause dementia, 1.88 (95% CI = 1.01–3.50) for AD, and 2.62 (95% CI = 1.33–5.17) for VaD. In the cytokine subsample, controlling for multiple potential confounders, moderate‐to‐severe NAFLD was significantly associated with higher levels of serum monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, interleukin‐17A, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐8, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (P < 0.05). The mediation analysis showed that IL‐6 mediated 12.56% of the association between NAFLD and VaD.ConclusionsModerate‐to‐severe nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with dementia and AD, especially with VaD, among rural‐dwelling Chinese older adults, in which the association with VaD is partly mediated by serum inflammatory cytokines.
Fracture mechanics and hot spot stress‐based fatigue life calculation: Case study for a crane runway girder
Authors: Hectors Kris , Chaudhuri Somsubhro , De Waele Wim 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis work presents the case study of a welded overhead crane runway girder. A full‐shell global finite element model was developed and validated using strain measurements. The global model drives solid submodels of different scales. Using load spectra based on real operational data, hot spot stress and XFEM‐based fracture mechanics simulations are performed to assess the fatigue properties of two critical joints. For the fracture mechanics‐based approach, it is shown that small cracks quickly converge to the same aspect ratio. Hence, the choice of the initial crack aspect ratio was found to be inconsequential. But the aspect ratio must not be assumed to be constant during the fatigue crack growth simulations. Finally, it is shown that the size at which a crack is transferred from one submodel to a subsequent is critical for the accuracy of the fatigue crack growth simulations.
Work in pandemic times: Exploring precarious continuities in paid domestic work in India
Authors: Banerjee Supurna , Wilks Lauren 
Published: May 2022

AbstractResearch on crisis have brought to fore the necessity of studying the gendered impact of such events. Covid‐19 too has shown how gender relations play a role in the political economy of crisis, relief and response as well as recovery. This article focusses on the experiences of paid domestic workers in India who are among the most invisible and marginalized of India's informal workers and largely excluded from labor discourse and employment legislation. With Covid‐19, the precariousness characterizing the sector has also been further exposed and exacerbated, with vast numbers of workers now facing significant challenges to livelihood, as well as several new/additional pressures and risks, both at work and at home. In this article, we examine these Covid‐related challenges, drawing on interviews conducted with domestic workers, NGO practitioners, and labor rights' activists in Delhi and Kolkata between April and August 2020. We show how, during the national lockdown, many domestic workers in these cities experienced increased insecurity related to jobs and housing, as well as an increased control and surveillance at home. Furthermore, with the partial easing of lockdown and the associated ‘return’ to work, many experienced reduced bargaining power at work, increasingly blurred roles, and heavier workloads. Workers also experienced more overt forms of avoidance behavior, linked to ideas of caste/class and more recent notions of ‘hygiene’/‘distancing’. In detailing these experiences and contextualizing them within a much longer history of invisibilization and marginalization facing workers engaged in social reproduction, we draw attention to what we call the ‘precarious continuities’ in paid domestic work. We argue that the crisis allows for a lens to widen the theoretical understanding around social reproduction as a form of underpaid and devalued labor.
Acute vestibular neuritis may provoke atrial fibrillation
Authors: Mirabelli Adam G. , Dick Ronald , Infeld Bernard , Gerraty Richard P. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundExclusion of stroke is the focus of guidelines in the emergency department assessment of acute vertigo, especially with new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF). Early diagnosis of vestibular neuritis (VN) is also important but may be deferred awaiting brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for exclusion of stroke. This may delay potentially beneficial corticosteroid therapy.AimsTo highlight that VN can provoke acute AF.MethodsIn the course of a prospective study of acute vertigo in patients assessable within 24 h of admission, we encountered three patients with acute onset transient AF associated with VN. We performed a detailed neurological examination and quantitated the vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) gain with video‐oculography. Brain MRI was performed in all patients.ResultsThere were two men and one woman, aged 58–66 (mean 61) years. All patients had typical non‐direction‐changing rotatory nystagmus and positive head impulse tests. The horizontal VOR gains ranged 0.38–0.62 (mean 0.47). Diffusion‐weighted MRI within 36 h was normal in all. AF reverted in all three within 24 h.ConclusionsAcute AF can be precipitated by vertigo such as in VN. In VN, the concurrence of acute AF may distract from the correct neurological diagnosis, delaying potentially beneficial corticosteroid therapy, especially if exclusion of stroke is dependent on MRI, which may be delayed.
FBXL6 is dysregulated in keloids and promotes keloid fibroblast growth by inducing c‐Myc expression
Authors: Feng Guangdong , Sun Hui , Piao Meishan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractC‐MYC‐mediated keloid fibroblasts proliferation and collagen deposit may contribute to the development of keloids. F‐box and leucine‐rich repeat protein 6 (FBXL6) is reported to be involved in tumour progression, while the role of FBXL6 in keloid fibroblasts is not deciphered. Normal control skins, hypertrophic scars and keloid tissues were collected and prepared for FBXL6 detection. FBXL6 short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or FBXL6 over‐expression plasmids were transfected into keloid fibroblasts, and then c‐MYC plasmids were further transfected. Cell viability was assayed with a Cell‐Counting Kit‐8 kit. The relative expression of FBXL6, Cyclin A1, Cyclin D2, Cyclin E1 and Collagen I was detected with real‐time PCR and Western blot. Elevated FBXL6 expression could be observed in keloid tissues and hypertrophic scars. FBXL6 shRNAs transfection could inhibit the viability of keloid fibroblasts with diminished c‐MYC expression and down‐regulated Cyclin A1, Cyclin D2, Cyclin E1 and Collagen I expression. At the same time, overexpressed FBXL6 could promote the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts. Overexpression of c‐MYC could promote the proliferation of keloid fibroblasts reduced by FBXL6 shRNAs with up‐regulated Cyclin A1 and Collagen I expression. FBXL6 could promote the growth of keloid fibroblasts by inducing c‐MYC expression, which could be targeted in keloids treatment.
Volatilization of fluorine in a CaO–SiO2–CaF2‐based system with the substitution of Na2O with K2O
Authors: Seo Min Seok , Sohn Il 
Published: May 2022

AbstractCuspidine‐based systems are used to control the crystallization in mold fluxes, which is enabled by CaF2 additions. However, excess CaF2 increases the corrosion of casting machines. Therefore, Na2O and K2O are added to the mold flux system to ensure an optimized crystallization and lubrication ability of the flux with the CaF2 content. This study investigated the effect of substituting Na2O with K2O on the volatilization of fluorine in a CaO–SiO2–CaF2‐based slag system at high temperatures. The substitution of Na2O with K2O was performed at 5 mol% intervals. The volatilization was observed by thermogravimetric analysis under several isothermal conditions. The mass loss was measured at a heating rate of 5, 10, and 20 K/min. As the temperature increased, the volatilization of the mixed samples increased. The activation energy was calculated using the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose methods. A kinetic analysis of the volatilization of fluorine was conducted using the calculated parameters and several known kinetic models. Consequently, the volatilization of the Na‐rich sample was controlled by chemical reactions and that of the K‐rich sample was identified to be controlled by a phase‐boundary‐controlled reaction. These results suggest that the addition of mixed alkali oxide promote the volatilization during the early stages of the reaction. From the post‐experimental composition analyses, the remaining Na and K in the samples suggested a different mechanism for the Na and K volatilization. The volatilization of Na increased with time, whereas K volatilized easily during the beginning of the reaction.
Design and evaluation of coconut fiber bionic‐stripping device based on Lucanidae palate frictional characteristics
Authors: Wang Jufei , Ahmad Riaz , Mbugua Nyambura Samuel , Li Xuhui , Li Hua , He Ruiyin , Li Bohong , Pan Xingjia , Xu Jialiang 
Published: May 2022

AbstractManual stripping of coconut fiber has low processing efficiency coupled with difficulty in operation. To overcome these problems, a coconut fiber bionic‐stripping device based on Lucanidae palate frictional characteristics was designed. The device relied on the torsion spring edge hook and brush working principle to strip the coconut fiber. The coconut shell was not damaged during the stripping operation owing to the elasticity and toughness of the bionic torsional spring. The test parameter optimization was carried out using the coconut fiber bionic‐stripping device and analyzed using Design‐Expert.V8.0.6 Software. The results showed that the planting distance between torsion springs had significant effect on stripping coconut fiber (p < .001), but the diameter of torsion spring had the least effect on stripping coconut fiber. Regression analysis of the test data showed that the device had higher processing efficiency at coconut rotation speed of 1200 rad/min, coupled with bionic torsion springs diameter and planting distance of 2.0 and 17 mm, respectively. Under optimal combination of parameters, coconut fiber removal thickness was found to be R△ = 30.9 mm. The data obtained showed high repeatability, thereby indicating that the coconut fiber bionic‐stripping device can meet the technological requirements for coconut fiber removal.Practical ApplicationsThis study focuses on coconut characteristics as well as the process requirements for coconut fiber removal. A mechanism to strip the fiber using bionic torsion springs was proposed, which was designed based on the characteristics of the Lucanidae palate. Including a device for peeling coconut fiber using bionic torsion springs. Furthermore, the structural stress analysis of the device was carried out so as to explore the feasibility of using the bionic torsion spring group to peel coconut fiber. Parameter optimization test, performance analysis, and comparative performance analysis were carried out using the device to analyze the influence of different bionic torsion spring group parameters on the thickness of stripped coconut fiber. This can provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the study of coconut fiber stripping mechanism, and can broaden the existing research methods of coconut fiber stripping.