bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What happens when a Pb–Sn coating deposited on low carbon steel is exposed in an HCl‐polluted wet environment? Development of a corrosion mechanism
Authors: Lequien Florence , Moine Gervaise , Lequien Arnaud , Neff Delphine 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis article synthesizes all the results obtained to establish a global corrosion mechanism when a Pb–Sn coating deposited on low carbon steel is corroded in an HCl‐polluted wet environment. The successive stages of the process are shown. In HCl‐polluted environment, coupled with water, acid chlorides provide an aggressive electrolyte particularly favorable to corrosion. In contact with this electrolyte, lead products are created as PbCO3 and PbCl2, showing the impact of the surrounding atmosphere. In parallel, the electrolyte concentrates in Sn2+ until saturation, and tin precipitates under different forms. Due to the lead consumption, the lead corrosion products layer breaks, and the coating thins, diffusion pathways are created and the steel oxidizes. Iron corrosion products are similar with or without a coating except for the presence of a tin‐rich filament. Lead is no longer present. The different stages of the mechanism are compared to corrosion phenomena observed during the use of Pb–Sn alloys to provide effective solutions to minimize or even avoid the phenomenon of corrosion.
Revisiting laminin and extracellular matrix remodeling in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma: What have we learned after more than four decades of research?
Authors: Aleman John D. , Young Christian D. , Karam Sana D. , Wang Xiao‐Jing 
Published: May 2022

AbstractPatients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have significantly lower survival upon the development of distant metastases. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a consistent yet dynamic influence on the metastatic capacity of SCCs. The ECM encompasses a milieu of structural proteins, signaling molecules, and enzymes. Just over 40 years ago, the fibrous ECM glycoprotein laminin was identified. Roughly four decades of research have revealed a pivotal role of laminins in metastasis. However, trends in ECM alterations in some cancers have been applied broadly to all metastatic diseases, despite evidence that these characteristics vary by tumor type. We will summarize how laminins influence the SCC metastatic process exclusively. Enhanced laminin protein deposition occurs at the invasive edge of SCC tumors, which correlates with elevated levels of laminin‐binding β1 integrins on SCC cells, increased MMP‐3 presence, worse prognosis, and lymphatic dissemination. Although these findings are significant, gaps in knowledge of the formation of a premetastatic niche, the processes of intra‐ and extravasation, and the contributions of the ECM to SCC metastatic cell dormancy persist. Bridging these gaps requires novel in vitro systems and animal models that reproduce tumor–stromal interactions and spontaneous metastasis seen in the clinic. These advances will allow accurate assessment of laminins to predict responders to transforming growth factor‐β inhibitors and immunotherapy, as well as potential combinatorial therapies with the standard of care. Such clinical interventions may drastically improve quality of life and patient survival by explicitly targeting SCC metastasis.
Nutritional care is a human right: Translating principles to clinical practice
Authors: Cárdenas Diana , Davisson Correia Maria Isabel T. , Hardy Gil , Ochoa Juan B. , Barrocas Albert , Hankard Régis , Hannequart Isabelle , Schneider Stéphane , Bermúdez Charles , Papapietro Karin , Pounds Teresa , Cuerda Cristina , Ungpinitpong Winai , du Toit Anna‐Lena , Barazzoni Rocco 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWe have previously advocated that nutritional care be raised to the level of a human right, in close relationship to two well‐recognized fundamental rights: the right to food and the right to health. This article aims to analyze the implication of nutritional care as a human right for healthcare practitioners. We will focus on the impact of the Human Rights Basic Approach (HRBA) on healthcare professionals (HCPs), namely how they can translate HRBA into routine clinical practice. Ethics and human rights are guiding values for clinical nutrition practitioners. Together they ensure a patient‐centered approach, in which the needs and rights of the patients are of the most significant importance. Human rights are based on the powerful idea of equal dignity for all people while expressing a set of core values, including fairness, respect, equality, dignity, and autonomy (FREDA). Through the analysis of FREDA principles, we have provided the elements to understand human rights and how an HRBA can support clinicians in the decision‐making process. Clinical practice guidelines in clinical nutrition should incorporate disease‐specific ethical issues and the HRBA. The HRBA should contribute to building conditions for HCPs to provide optimal and timely nutritional care. Nutritional care must be exercised by HCPs with due respect for several fundamental ethical values: attentiveness, responsibility competence, responsiveness, and solidarity.
Generalized coordinate smoothed particle hydrodynamics with an overset method in total Lagrangian formulation
Authors: Deng Huachao , Kawagoe Yoshiaki , Abe Yoshiaki , Terada Kenjiro , Okabe Tomonaga 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a generalized coordinate smoothed particle hydrodynamics (GCSPH) method coupled with an overset method using the total Lagrangian formulation for solving large deformation and crack propagation problems. In GCSPH, the physical space is decomposed into multiple domains, each of which is mapped to a generalized space to avoid coordinate singularities as well as to flexibly change the spatial resolution. The SPH particles are then non‐uniformly distributed in the physical space (e.g., typically in a boundary‐conforming manner) and defined uniformly in each generalized space, similar to the standard SPH. The SPH particles in the generalized and physical spaces are numerically related by coordinate transformation matrices. The use of non‐uniform particle distributions decreases the total number of particles, thus significantly reducing the simulation cost. Three numerical cases: three‐dimensional brittle crack propagation, Taylor impact, and plugging failure, are presented to validate the proposed method. The numerical results are sufficiently accurate compared with the standard total Lagrangian SPH. Furthermore, these results also show the benefits of GCSPH, which not only effectively reduces the computational cost but also eliminates the effects of particle arrangement. These advantages allow GCSPH to perform high‐resolution three‐dimensional problems, which are otherwise costly to perform with the standard SPH.
Blood donor motivators during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Quee Franke A. , Spekman Marloes L. C. , Prinsze Femmeke J. , Ramondt Steven , Huis in ’t Veld Elisabeth M. J. , van den Hurk Katja , Merz Eva‐Maria 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWhile donating blood during the COVID‐19 pandemic offers individuals a possibility to contribute to their community, donation also exposes donors to additional risks, as physical distancing is impossible during a donation. This study explored what motivated blood and plasma donors in the Netherlands to donate during the COVID‐19 pandemic, in order to identify potential focus points for donor recruitment in future crises. In total, 3175 of the invited 7286 donors who donated between 1 and 14 April 2020 participated in an online questionnaire including questions about motivations for blood donation. Motivations for blood donation were compared among donation types, sexes, age groups, and regions. Respondents consisted of 10.6% new, 18.9% whole blood, and 70.5% plasma donors. About 80% of all donors indicated wanting to help COVID‐19 patients. Particularly whole blood donors were motivated by a call for donations (90.8%). Plasma donors more often hoped to get tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies than new and whole blood donors. Older donors (aged ≥40) more often reported hoping to get tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies, wanting to help COVID‐19 patients, and thinking that getting infected during the donation process was impossible. Younger donors (aged ≤39) more often indicated that getting out of the house and not having to go to work motivated them to donate. Donors mainly had pro‐social motivations to donate during the COVID‐19 pandemic, as helping COVID‐19 patients was the most important motivator. This shows the promise of explicitly expressing need in times of crisis, for blood banks in particular and philanthropic organizations in general.
Synergetic effects of graphene nanoplatelets/montmorillonite on their dispersion and mechanical properties of the epoxy‐based nanocomposite: Modeling and experiments
Authors: Bahari‐Sambran Farid , Kazemi‐Khasragh Elaheh , Orozco‐Caballero Alberto , Eslami‐Farsani Reza 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe mechanical properties of nanocomposites are significantly affected by the dispersion of nanofillers. In this study, the synergetic effect of hybrid fillers, including surfacemodified montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the dispersion quality and mechanical characteristics of epoxy‐based nanocomposites was investigated. It was manifested that the incorporation of GNPs‐MMT hybrid into pure epoxy improves the dispersion of nanoplatelets and consequently, the tensile and flexural properties. The maximum tensile and flexural strength was obtained for the sample containing 0.15 wt% GNPs and 1 wt% MMT that was 19% and 17.4% higher than the neat epoxy, respectively. The experimental analyses were followed by Mori–Tanaka, Halpin–Tsai, and two‐parameter Weibull distribution methods to model the mechanical behavior of nanocomposites. The modeling and experimental results as well as the microscopic analysis revealed the variation of toughening mechanisms from micro to nano scale.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the well‐being of individuals with persistent postconcussive symptoms: A qualitative study
Authors: Machan Matthew , Jahraus Cari , Debert Chantel T. , Roach Pamela 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, public health measures were implemented that closed essential businesses, mandated social distancing, and imposed substantial changes to the routine care experienced by patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS). Patients with PPCS often rely on a comprehensive care team, requiring in‐person treatments and consistent care. Little information exists regarding how access to these services have been affected by public health measures and what outcome the measures have had on the recovery of patients with PPCS.ObjectiveTo explore the impact of the restriction of in‐person treatments, shifts to virtual care, and global public health measures on the recovery and psychological well‐being of patients with PPCS.DesignQualitative interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a reflexive thematic analysis approach to identify the main impacts of the public health measures on participants with PPCS.SettingParticipant interviews were completed remotely via telephone or video‐calling software during province‐wide shutdowns.Participants20 individuals with PPCS who attended the institution's Brain Injury Program consented to participate.InterventionsNot applicable.ResultsThe impacts of the public health measures emerged most prominently in three main categories: (1) day‐to‐day lived experiences, (2) personal health status, and (3) health service experiences and barriers.ConclusionsThis in‐depth investigation of the lived experiences of patients with PPCS outlines how the COVID‐19 public health measures negatively affected their care and well‐being. The analysis identified that through increasing social support systems, providing better access to standard or remote treatment, and developing more effective telehealth strategies, this population could be better supported in the event of future public health measures.
Prevalence of rapidly progressive osteoarthritis of the hip following intra‐articular steroid injections
Authors: Sanguino Roger A. , Sood Vandana , Santiago Kristen A. , Cheng Jennifer , Casey Ellen , Mintz Douglas , Wyss James F. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIntroductionNumerous studies have indicated that intra‐articular steroid injections to the hip are beneficial for short‐term pain relief. However, recent studies have drawn concerns of rapidly progressive osteoarthritis of the hip (RPOH) following intra‐articular steroid injections. The prevalence of RPOH following intra‐articular steroid injections varies widely in the literature.ObjectiveTo identify the prevalence of RPOH following intra‐articular steroid injections, and to compare baseline characteristics between patients with and without RPOH.DesignCase series.SettingTertiary academic hospital.PatientsA total of 924 patients (median [interquartile range; IQR] age: 59 [45‐70] years; 579 female) who received an intra‐articular hip steroid/anesthetic injection from January 2016 to March 2018 and had available pre‐ and post‐injection imaging (prior to surgical intervention) were included in the study.Interventions: Baseline and injection‐related data—including demographics, age, body mass index, medical history, laterality, and steroid type—were collected from electronic medical records.Main Outcome MeasuresPost‐injection RPOH was determined via imaging review by a physiatry fellow, followed by an attending physiatrist and a musculoskeletal radiologist to confirm findings.ResultsThe majority of patients received unilateral injections into the hip, and the most common steroids used were triamcinolone and methylprednisolone. Review of pre‐ and post‐injection imaging revealed 26 cases of RPOH, for an overall prevalence of 2.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9%‐4.1%). Compared to those without RPOH, patients with RPOH were significantly older (median age [IQR]: 64 [60‐73] vs. 59 [44‐70] years, p = .003) and had a shorter duration of symptoms prior to their injections (median [IQR]: 3 vs. 12 [6‐36] months, p < .001). Adjusted regression analyses showed that age was associated with greater odds of RPOH (odds ratio [OR], 95% CI: 1.04, 1.01 to 1.07; p = .003).ConclusionsThe prevalence of RPOH following intra‐articular steroid injections into the hip was lower than previously reported but still clinically relevant. This should be considered when counseling patients prior to intra‐articular hip steroid injections.
Nasal nitric oxide May not differentiate primary ciliary dyskinesia from certain primary immunodeficiencies
Authors: Saunders Jessica L. , O'Connor Michael Glenn , Machogu Evans M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is made through a combination of clinical features supported by a panel of diagnostic tests. Our cases highlight the similarities in the clinical presentation of patients with the specific immunodeficiency activated phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase delta syndrome 1 (or PIK3CD‐related disorder) and PCD. We highlight the importance of repeating nasal nitric oxide testing when PCD has not been confirmed by genetic or ciliary electron micrograph analysis in the setting of an expanded suppurative lung disease differential that includes considerations for immunodeficiency as well as PCD.
Kinetics of reactions of NH4+ with some biogenic organic molecules and monoterpenes in helium and nitrogen carrier gases: A potential reagent ion for selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry
Authors: Swift Stefan James , Smith David , Dryahina Kseniya , Gnioua Maroua Omezzine , Španěl Patrik 
Published: May 2022

RationaleTo assess the suitability of NH4+ as a reagent ion for trace gas analysis by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT‐MS, its ion chemistry must be understood. Thus, rate coefficients and product ions for its reactions with typical biogenic molecules and monoterpenes need to be experimentally determined in both helium, He, and nitrogen, N2, carrier gases.MethodsNH4+ and H3O+ were generated in a microwave gas discharge through an NH3 and H2O vapour mixture and, after m/z selection, injected into He and N2 carrier gas. Using the conventional SIFT method, NH4+ reactions were then studied with M, the biogenic molecules acetone, 1‐propanol, 2‐butenal, trans‐2‐heptenal, heptanal, 2‐heptanone, 2,3‐heptanedione and 15 monoterpene isomers to obtain rate coefficients, k, and product ion branching ratios. Polarisabilities and dipole moments of the reactant molecules and the enthalpy changes in proton transfer reactions were calculated using density functional theory.ResultsThe k values for the reactions of the biogenic molecules were invariably faster in N2 than in He but similar in both bath gases for the monoterpenes. Adducts NH4+M were the dominant product ions in He and N2 for the biogenic molecules, whereas both MH+ and NH4+M product ions were observed in the monoterpene reactions; the monoterpene ratio correlating (R2 = 0.7) with the proton affinity, PA, of the monoterpene molecule as calculated. The data indicate that this adduct ion formation is the result of bimolecular rather than termolecular association.ConclusionsNH4+ can be a useful reagent ion for SIFT‐MS analyses of molecules with PA(M) < PA(NH3) when the dominant single product ion is the adduct NH4+M. For molecules with PA(M) > PA(NH3), such as monoterpenes, both MH+ and NH4+M ions are likely products, which must be determined along with k by experiment.
Molecular basis of the morphogenesis of sperm head and tail in mice
Authors: Yogo Keiichiro 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe spermatozoon has a complex molecular apparatus necessary for fertilization in its head and flagellum. Recently, numerous genes that are needed to construct the molecular apparatus of spermatozoa have been identified through the analysis of genetically modified mice.MethodsBased on the literature information, the molecular basis of the morphogenesis of sperm heads and flagella in mice was summarized.Main findings (Results)The molecular mechanisms of vesicular trafficking and intraflagellar transport in acrosome and flagellum formation were listed. With the development of cryo‐electron tomography and mass spectrometry techniques, the details of the axonemal structure are becoming clearer. The fine structure and the proteins needed to form the central apparatus, outer and inner dynein arms, nexin‐dynein regulatory complex, and radial spokes were described. The important components of the formation of the mitochondrial sheath, fibrous sheath, outer dense fiber, and the annulus were also described. The similarities and differences between sperm flagella and Chlamydomonas flagella/somatic cell cilia were also discussed.ConclusionThe molecular mechanism of formation of the sperm head and flagellum has been clarified using the mouse as a model. These studies will help to better understand the diversity of sperm morphology and the causes of male infertility.
Why is subjective stress severity a stronger predictor of health than stressor exposure? A preregistered two‐study test of two hypotheses
Authors: Shields Grant S. , Fassett‐Carman Alyssa , Gray Zach J. , Gonzales Joseph E. , Snyder Hannah R. , Slavich George M. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSubjective stress severity appraisals have consistently emerged as better predictors of poor health than stressor exposure, but the reason for this is unclear. Subjective stress may better predict poor health for one of at least two reasons. First, because stressor exposure measures consider all stressors as equal, stress severity measures—which “weight” stressors by self‐reported severity—might better predict poor health simply by not treating all stressors as being equally impactful. Second, subjective stress appraisals may index important individual differences in stress vulnerability. We tested these two possibilities in this preregistered, two‐study manuscript. Across these two different studies, subjective stress severity was a better predictor of poor health than independently weighted stress severity or stressor exposure. These results demonstrate that, beyond weighting of stressful experiences, subjective stress severity indexes health‐relevant individual differences. Moreover, the results suggest that subjective stress severity may be the preferred stress summary metric even when derived from imprecise stress assessment instruments.
Siloxene‐Functionalized Laser‐Induced Graphene via COSi Bonding for High‐Performance Heavy Metal Sensing Patch Applications
Authors: Hui Xue , Sharma Sudeep , Sharifuzzaman Md , Zahed Md Abu , Shin Young Do , Seonu Soo Kyeong , Song Hye Su , Park Jae Yeong 
Published: May 2022

AbstractHere, 2D Siloxene nanosheets are newly applied to functionalize porous laser‐induced graphene (LIG) on polydimethylsiloxane, modify the surface chemical properties of LIG, and improve the heterogeneous electron transfer rate. Meanwhile, the newly generated COSi crosslink boosts the binding of LIG and Siloxene. Thus, the Siloxene/LIG composite is used as the basic electrode material for the multifunctional detection of copper (Cu) ions, pH, and temperature in human perspiration. Moreover, to enhance the sensing performance of Cu ions, Siloxene/LIG is further modified by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The fabricated Siloxene‐CNT/LIG‐based Cu‐ion sensor shows linear response within a wide range of 10–500 ppb and a low detection limit of 1.55 ppb. In addition, a pH sensor is integrated to calibrate for determining the accurate concentration of Cu ions due to pH dependency of the Cu‐ion sensor. The polyaniline‐deposited pH sensor demonstrates a good sensitivity of −64.81 mV pH−1 over the pH range of 3–10. Furthermore, a temperature sensor for accurate skin temperature monitoring is also integrated and exhibits a stable linear resistance response with an excellent sensitivity of 9.147 Ω °C−1 (correlation coefficient of 0.139% °C−1). The flexible hybrid sensor is promising in applications of noninvasive heavy‐metal ion detection and prediction of related diseases.
Constructing a High‐Quality t‐Se/Si Interface Via In Situ Light Annealing of a‐Se for a Self‐Powered Image Sensor
Authors: Chang Yu , Zhou Yingcai , Wang Jianyuan , Zhai Wei 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe quality of the interface, e.g., the semiconductor–semiconductor or metal–semiconductor interface, is the main factor restricting the photodetection performance of a heterojunction. In this study, a high‐quality Se/Si interface is constructed via in situ directional transformation of amorphous Se (a‐Se) into crystalline Se (t‐Se) on a Si substrate via light annealing. Benefitting from the high‐quality interface and appropriate energy band between Si and Se, the t‐Se/Si heterojunction exhibits an extremely high responsivity and detectivity of 583.33 mA W−1 and 8.52 × 1012 Jones at 760 nm, respectively. In addition, the device exhibits an ultrafast rise time of 183 µs and a decay time of 405 µs. Furthermore, an image sensor fabricated via local light annealing successfully recognizes patterns of “N,” “P,” and “U.” This study provides valuable guidance for the construction of high‐quality interfaces and the design of self‐powered image sensors.