bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Contralateral Randomized Clinical Trial of Standard (3 mW/cm
2
) Versus Accelerated (9 mW/cm
2
) CXL in Patients With Down Syndrome: 3-Year Results
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Roberts Cynthia J. , Ambrósio Renato , Mehravaran Shiva , Hafezi Farhad , Vinciguerra Riccardo , Vinciguerra Paolo , Panahi Parsa , Asgari Soheila 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE:

To compare the long-term results of accelerated corneal cross-linking (CXL) (9 mW/cm
2
, 10 min) with standard CXL (3 mW/cm
2
, 30 min) in patients with Down syndrome who had keratoconus.

METHODS:
In this contralateral randomized clinical trial, 27 patients with Down syndrome aged 15.78 ± 2.46 years (range: 10 to 19 years) were enrolled. CXL was performed using the KXL System (Avedro, Inc) under general anesthesia, and patients were followed up for 3 years. The main outcome measure was a change in average keratometry in the 3-mm zone around the steepest point (zonal Kmax-3mm). Secondary outcomes were changes in Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) biomechanical parameters and vision, refraction, and corneal tomography measurements.

RESULTS:

Mean 3-year changes in zonal Kmax-3mm were not significantly different between the accelerated and standard groups (−0.06 ± 0.75 and −0.35 ± 0.94 diopters [D], respectively,
P
= .727). Despite the contralateral design of the study, based on most baseline biomechanical indices, corneas in the standard group were weaker before treatment. The standard group also showed significantly fewer 3-year changes in the stress-strain index (−0.11 ± 0.21 vs −0.30 ± 0.32), integrated radius (+0.99 ± 3.48 vs +3.14 ± 2.84), and deformation amplitude ratio-2mm (−1.38 ± 1.33 vs +0.30 ± 1.75) (all
P
< .0167). Corneal stiffness in the accelerated group was stable for 2 years, and the decline mainly occurred during the third year.

CONCLUSIONS:
In young patients with Down syndrome who had keratoconus, accelerated and standard CXL showed a similar flattening effect. Standard CXL is better able to maintain corneal stiffness in weaker corneas. With accelerated CXL, despite stable results for 2 years, there was decreased corneal stiffness in the third year. Longer follow-up periods are warranted to study the decreased efficacy on keratoconus progression.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(6):381–388.]
Combining Spectral-Domain OCT and Air-Puff Tonometry Analysis to Diagnose Keratoconus
Authors: Lu Nan-Ji , Elsheikh Ahmed , Rozema Jos J. , Hafezi Nikki , Aslanides Ioannis M. , Hillen Mark , Eckert Daniel , Funck Christian , Koppen Carina , Cui Le-Le , Hafezi Farhad 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE:
To investigate the diagnostic capacity of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) combined with air-puff tonometry using artificial intelligence (AI) in differentiating between normal and keratoconic eyes.

METHODS:
Patients who had either undergone uneventful laser vision correction with at least 3 years of stable follow-up or those who had forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC), early keratoconus (EKC), or advanced keratoconus (AKC) were included. SD-OCT and biomechanical information from air-puff tonometry was divided into training and validation sets. AI models based on random forest or neural networks were trained to distinguish eyes with FFKC from normal eyes. Model accuracy was independently tested in eyes with FFKC and normal eyes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to determine area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity values.

RESULTS:
A total of 223 normal eyes from 223 patients, 69 FFKC eyes from 69 patients, 72 EKC eyes from 72 patients, and 258 AKC eyes from 258 patients were included. The top AUC ROC values (normal eyes compared with AKC and EKC) were Pentacam Random Forest Index (AUC = 0.985 and 0.958), Tomographic and Biomechanical Index (AUC = 0.983 and 0.925), and Belin-Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Total Deviation Index (AUC = 0.981 and 0.922). When SD-OCT and air-puff tonometry data were combined, the random forest AI model provided the highest accuracy with 99% AUC for FFKC (75% sensitivity; 94.74% specificity).

CONCLUSIONS:
Currently, AI parameters accurately diagnose AKC and EKC, but have a limited ability to diagnose FFKC. AI-assisted diagnostic technology that uses both SD-OCT and air-puff tonometry may overcome this limitation, leading to improved treatment of patients with keratoconus.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(6):374–380.]
Evaluation of Corneal Biomechanical Indices in Distinguishing Between Normal, Very Asymmetric, and Bilateral Keratoconic Eyes
Authors: Herber Robert , Hasanli Azar , Lenk Janine , Vinciguerra Riccardo , Terai Naim , Pillunat Lutz E. , Raiskup Frederik 
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the ability of biomechanical indices provided by the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments) and dynamic Scheimpflug analyzer (Corvis ST; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) to distinguish between normal eyes and eyes with very asymmetric ectasia (VAE) and mild and moderate keratoconus.

METHODS:
This prospective, observational, and monocentric study included normal eyes (defined as keratoconus percentage index < 60, Belin/Ambrósio total deviation value [BAD-D] < 1.6, inferior-superior keratometry [I-S value] < 1.45 and maximum keratometry [Kmax] < 47) and eyes with clinical bilateral keratoconus (mild and moderate) and VAE (defined as unilateral keratoconus, where one eye showed a clinical keratoconus and the fellow eye was topographically normal [VAE-NT] or topographically and tomographically normal [VAE-NTT]). All eyes were measured by the Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH), ORA, and Corvis ST. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to test the diagnostic ability.

RESULTS:

Fifty-eight normal eyes and 238 ectatic eyes were included. The highest area under the curve (AUC) was provided by the Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI) with an AUC of 0.979, followed by ORA corneal resistance factor (0.865), and corneal hysteresis (0.824) separating normal eyes from all ectatic subgroups. The AUC of the CBI was statistically significantly higher than all other parameters (DeLong test,
P
< .001). A sensitivity of 100% and 70.9%, respectively, and a specificity of 93.1% was found to distinguish normal eyes from VAE-NT and VAE-NTT using a cut-off value of 0.2.

CONCLUSIONS:
The assessment of biomechanical properties is an additional important method to evaluate corneal ectasia independent of its stage. The CBI provides further information for ectasia screening in cases where corneal topography and tomography are clinically not suspicious by using a cutoff of 0.2.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2022;38(6):364–372.]
Riqueza de plantas vasculares a escala local (II). Comparación geográfica de Ambite y Utande (La Alcarria Occidental)
Authors: García-Abad Alonso Juan-Javier 
Published: June 2022

Se completa el catálogo florístico de los cuadrados UTM de 10×10 km 30TWL02 (Utande) y 30TVK86 (Ambite), iniciado en el volumen 76, número 279 de Estudios Geográficos (García-Abad, 2015). Consta de 811 taxones y agrupaciones taxonómicas (Entidades Taxonómicas Cartográficas o ETC) correspondientes al contingente florístico de plantas No Permanentemente Visibles y Reconocibles (plantas No PVR). De aquel, se destacan decenas de plantas singulares o novedosas como Lathyrus pratensis L. o Veronica tenuifolia Asso. subsp. tenuifolia. Se completa una síntesis cuantitativa sobre la flora que arroja niveles de riqueza dentro del rango 920-1030 plantas/100 km². Se exponen y comentan los datos descriptivos más relevantes y se comparan geográficamente entre ambos territorios: su semejanza florística es media-alta (Índice de Jaccard: 0,66), la base de datos generada contiene 50330 registros de presencia, se comparan los resultados entre los dos contingentes florísticos involucrados (plantas PVR, 30%, y No PVR, 70%). La riqueza obtenida se relativiza por los desajustes que introduce la fenología en los inventarios de base. La aplicación del supraescalado espacial desde la resolución inicial (1 km²) a otras tres menores (4, 25 y 100 km²) desvela una mejora muy evidente en certidumbre corológica y bondad de las distribuciones de plantas que se cartografíen en el futuro. La progresividad supraescalar de la riqueza florística queda establecida en los siguientes promedios: 458 plantas (en recintos de 4 km²), 729 (25 km²) y 957 (100 km²). Finalmente, se efectúa una valoración sobre la calidad de los resultados de riqueza según una escala semicuantitativa.
Changes in Working Model According to Transformed Work Conditions in the Pandemic
Authors: Gjorgjioska Emilija , Sotiroski David , Obednikovska Snezana 
Published: June 2022

Covid-19 pandemic is affecting our everyday life in all possible ways. It is also affecting companies and their employees. Things have changed over the past 24 months as many workers have developed a taste for a more flexible working model. Some are facing the benefits of working from home, but for some it is not such a positive experience. Human resources management should adjust to the new needs. Those needs are new forces that are driving transformational changes across companies, industries and economies issuing new strategic platforms in companies. Digitalization is promising a new era for working life according to new cultural transformation. All of this raises the need for the companies to change strategies and models in a way to adjust working conditions according to alteration of their employees in each way. While many executives would certainly prefer to return to the old model, it is more than clear that they all need to adjust their models to the new working platform. In this paper we would point out the benefits and risks of working from home. Also, we would analyze the legal frame in the Republic of North Macedonia, boundaries, and perspectives for modernization of Labor law. According to the results from the questionnaire that we will provide, we will suggest models for human resources transformation in the companies that will be more effective for the management and employees affected by this transformed pandemic situation.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICACY OF COMBINED TREATMENT WITH KETOCONAZOLE 2% CREAM AND ADAPALENE 0.1% GEL VS. KETOCONAZOLE 2% CREAM MONOTHERAPY IN PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR
Authors: Hameed Sadia , Paracha Mohammad Majid , Sagheer Farah , Khan Abdul Qayum , Noor Sahibzada Mahmood 
Published: June 2022

Background: Pityriasis Versicolor (PV) is an infection of the superficial layers of skin caused by Malassezia yeasts. It is a non-contagious disease characterized by hypo and hyperpigmented macules on the body. Up to 40% of people face itching, decreased quality of life, social stigmatization, and embarrassment due to the lesions. Adapalene with Ketoconazole provides an efficient option for PV patients due to better toxicity profile and rapid action on the lesions.
Objective: Comparison of efficacy of combined therapy with Ketoconazole 2% cream and adapalene 1% gel against Ketoconazole 2% cream monotherapy in Pityriasis Versicolor.
Methods: Total 90 patients (45 in each group) were included in the study. Group-A was treated with combination of Ketoconazole 2% cream & adapalene 1% gel while group-B was given Ketoconazole 2% cream monotherapy. Study design was randomized controlled trial and SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 24.3±4.3 and 23.3±3.9 years in group-A and B, respectively. There were 30 males (66.7%) & 15 females (33.3%) in group-A while 35 males (77.8%) and 10 females (22.2%) in group-B. Mean duration of disease was 2.0±0.9 months in group-A & 2.3±1.2 months in group-B.The efficacy of combined therapy with Ketoconazole 2% cream & adapalene 1% gel was found to be better when compared with Ketoconazole 2% cream monotherapy in Pityriasis Versicolor. Difference between two groups (p=0.011) was statistically significant.
Conclusion: It was concluded that adapalene 0.1% gel & ketoconazole 2% cream in combination is more effective than ketoconazole 2% cream monotherapy in the treatment of PV.
Recommendation: It is recommended to use a combination of adapalene 0.1% gel & ketoconazole 2% cream than ketoconazole 2% cream monotherapy in the treatment of PV.
Use of Assessment and Feedback Systems for Introductory Computer Programming Modules of Higher Education: A Comparative Study
Authors: Thangaraj Jagadeeswaran , Ward Monica , O'Riordan Fiona 
Published: June 2022

Teaching introductory programming modules in higher education is highly challenging. In particular, it is hard to motivate novices if there is a lack of tutoring support and it is also difficult to assess their progress when there is a large class. Automated assessment and feedback systems help in this scenario. The use of automated assessment and feedback systems support teaching programming and motivate the novices in their learning process. This paper discusses these assessment and feedback systems which enable academics to assess, grade and support students learning programming. We mainly concentrate on whether these systems enable them to understand basic programming concepts and help to improve their skills. As a result of this study, we found that they are very effective in scaffolding the teaching of programming and assessing programming assignments. We conclude that these systems still need some development to be more effective to motivate their learning process.
Satellite soil moisture data assimilation impacts on modeling weather variables and ozone in the southeastern US – Part 2: Sensitivity to dry-deposition parameterizations
Authors: Huang Min , Crawford James H. , Carmichael Gregory R. , Bowman Kevin W. , Kumar Sujay V. , Sweeney Colm 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Ozone (O3) dry deposition is a major O3 sink.
As a follow-up study of Huang et al. (2021), we quantify the impact of
satellite soil moisture (SM) on model representations of this process when
different dry-deposition parameterizations are implemented, based on which
the implications for interpreting O3 air pollution levels and assessing
the O3 impacts on human and ecosystem health are provided. The SM data
from NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive mission are assimilated into the
Noah-Multiparameterization (Noah-MP) land surface model within the NASA Land
Information System framework, semicoupled with Weather Research and
Forecasting model with online Chemistry (WRF-Chem) regional-scale simulations covering
the southeastern US. Major changes in the modeling system used include
enabling the dynamic vegetation option, adding the irrigation process, and
updating the scheme for the surface exchange coefficient. Two dry-deposition
schemes are implemented, i.e., the Wesely scheme and a “dynamic” scheme,
in the latter of which dry-deposition parameterization is coupled with
photosynthesis and vegetation dynamics. It is demonstrated that, when the
dynamic scheme is applied, the simulated O3 dry-deposition
velocities vd and their stomatal and cuticular portions, as well as the
total O3 fluxes Ft, are larger overall; vd and Ft are
2–3 times more sensitive to the SM changes due to the data assimilation
(DA). Further, through case studies at two forested sites with different
soil types and hydrological regimes, we highlight that, applying the
Community Land Model type of SM factor controlling stomatal resistance
(i.e., β factor) scheme in replacement of the Noah-type β
factor scheme reduced the vd sensitivity to SM changes by
∼75 % at one site, while it doubled this sensitivity at the
other site. Referring to multiple evaluation datasets, which may be
associated with variable extents of uncertainty, the model performance of
vegetation, surface fluxes, weather, and surface O3 concentrations
shows mixed responses to the DA, some of which display land cover
dependency. Finally, using model-derived concentration- and flux-based
policy-relevant O3 metrics as well as their matching exposure–response
functions, the relative biomass/crop yield losses for several types of
vegetation/crops are estimated to be within a wide range of 1 %–17 %. Their
sensitivities to the model's dry-deposition scheme and the implementation of
SM DA are discussed.
An experimental study of drainage network development by surface and subsurface flow in low-gradient landscapes
Authors: Sockness Brian G. , Gran Karen B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. How do channel networks develop in low-gradient, poorly drained landscapes? Rivers form elaborate drainage networks with morphologies that express the unique environments in which they developed, yet we lack an understanding of what drives channel development in low-gradient landscapes like those left behind in the wake of continental glaciation. To better understand what controls the erosional processes allowing channel growth and integration of surface water non-contributing areas (NCAs) over time, we conducted a series of experiments in a small-scale drainage basin. By varying substrate and precipitation, we could vary the partitioning of flow between the surface and subsurface, impacting erosional processes. Two different channel head morphologies developed, interpreted as channel growth via overland flow and seepage erosion. Channel growth was dominated by overland flow vs. seepage erosion depending on substrate composition, rainfall rate, and drainage basin relief. Seepage-driven erosion was favored in substrates with higher infiltration rates, whereas overland flow was more dominant in experiments with high precipitation rates, although both processes occurred in all runs. Overland flow channels formed at the onset of experiments and expanded over a majority of the basin area, forming broad dendritic networks. Large surface water contributing areas (CAs) supported numerous first-order channels, allowing for more rapid integration of NCAs than through seepage erosion. When overland flow was the dominant process, channels integrated NCAs at a similar, consistent rate under all experimental conditions. Seepage erosion began later in
experiments after channels had incised enough for exfiltrating subsurface flow to initiate mass wasting of headwalls. Periodic mass wasting of channel heads caused them to assume an amphitheater-shaped morphology. Seepage allowed for channel heads to expand with smaller surface water CAs than overland flow channels, allowing for network expansion to continue even with low surface CAs. Seepage-driven channel heads integrated NCAs more slowly than channel heads dominated by overland flow, but average erosion rates in channels extending through seepage erosion were higher. The experimental results provide insight into drainage networks that formed throughout areas affected by continental glaciation, and highlight the importance of subsurface hydrologic connections in integrating and expanding drainage networks over time in these low-gradient landscapes.
University of Warsaw Lagrangian Cloud Model (UWLCM) 2.0: adaptation of a mixed Eulerian–Lagrangian numerical model for heterogeneous computing clusters
Authors: Dziekan Piotr , Zmijewski Piotr 
Published: June 2022

Abstract. A numerical cloud model with Lagrangian particles coupled to an Eulerian flow is adapted for distributed memory systems.
Eulerian and Lagrangian calculations can be done in parallel on CPUs and GPUs, respectively.
The fraction of time when CPUs and GPUs work simultaneously is maximized at around 80 % for an optimal ratio of CPU and GPU workloads.
The optimal ratio of workloads is different for different systems because it depends on the relation between computing performance of CPUs and GPUs.
GPU workload can be adjusted by changing the number of Lagrangian particles, which is limited by device memory.
Lagrangian computations scale with the number of nodes better than Eulerian computations because the former do not require collective communications.
This means that the ratio of CPU and GPU computation times also depends on the number of nodes.
Therefore, for a fixed number of Lagrangian particles, there is an optimal number of nodes, for which the time CPUs and GPUs work simultaneously is maximized.
Scaling efficiency up to this optimal number of nodes is close to 100 %.
Simulations that use both CPUs and GPUs take between 10 and 120 times less time and use between 10 to 60 times less energy than simulations run on CPUs only.
Simulations with Lagrangian microphysics take up to 8 times longer to finish than simulations with Eulerian bulk microphysics, but the difference decreases as more nodes are used.
The presented method of adaptation for computing clusters can be used in any numerical model with Lagrangian particles coupled to an Eulerian fluid flow.
Dialectical View on HPWS and Its Outcomes
Authors: Pavlova Oksana 
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The article is aiming to define the concept of HPWS and identify possible outcomes.
Study design/methodology/approach: study is designed to analyze the concept of HPWS and to identify the possible outcomes of HPWS. Method of scientific systematic literature review.
Findings: New forms of HRM and HRM systems are broadly discussed in various scenarios, but mostly with a focus on positive outcomes such as performance-enhancing, employee engagement, organizational affective commitment etc. Nevertheless, all novelties can have as many negative outcomes as positive, but it can be addressed, measured, and assessed only after some time.
Originality/value: HPWS entered the field in the ’90s and now it is about time to start applying the critical approach in order to understand that HPWS is not universal, it has many variations, many HRM items and different outcomes.
Industrial and trade activities
Authors: Devi M. Durga , Thomas C. 
Published: June 2022

In A.D 1763 the Nawab of Arcot, Muhammed Ali assigned Chingleput as a jahir to the English East India Company. When the company took over the jagir in 1782 under their direct administration Agriculture was the main occupation of the people. Next to agriculture the industrial activities, particularly the spinning and weaving, played an important role in the economic transactions of the Jagir area. These were also potters and fishermen, barbers and washer men. The Chetties, Kavaris and Komatis participated in Trade. Fishing played a decisive role in the life of the people who lived in the coastal areas. In1798 putting the fish market of Santhome, Vapery and Chintadripet with the weight and measures under Police committee. This weight and measure follows to the northward. The salt revenue was also susceptible of considerable augmentation but unless assistance was afforded in the disposal of it by transportation to Bengal on account of the Company, there would be little use in extending the manufacture.