bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child-to-Parent Violence: Examining Cumulative Associations with Corporal Punishment and Physical Abuse
Authors: Harries Travis , Curtis Ashlee , Valpied Olivia , Baldwin Ryan , Hyder Shannon , Miller Peter 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose

Corporal punishment (CP) and physical abuse (PA) in childhood are associated with increased risk of child-to-parent violence (CPV). Without context of discipline (i.e., the intention of behavior change, and use of reasonable force), both CP and PA represent the use of physical force against a child. It is still unclear if their associations with CPV are similar when they co-occur, or when they occur in isolation. The current study examined the differential and cumulative association of different types of physical force in childhood with rates of CPV.

Method
The sample consisted of 1,132 participants, between 18 to 87-years-old (M = 50.95, SD = 14.24) and included 59.5% female and 39.2% male participants who completed an online survey measuring CP, PA and CPV. Participants formed three groups: low CP or PA (group low), high CP only (group HCP), or high PA and CP (group PA + CP).

Results
Two one-way ANOVAs with planned contrasts were conducted separately for CPV against mothers and fathers. The group HCP reported significantly higher CPV against both the mother and the father than group low and there was no significant difference between group HCP and group PA + CP.

Conclusions
Higher rates of CP are associated with higher rates of CPV; however, this rate does not increase further when there is concurrent PA. This suggests that there may be a low sensitivity for retaliation from a young person, or coercive training (through high parent–child conflict), in environments where there is physical force from a parent.
Granular Gas of Inelastic and Rough Maxwell Particles
Authors: Kremer Gilberto M. , Santos Andrés 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe most widely used model for granular gases is perhaps the inelastic hard-sphere model (IHSM), where the grains are assumed to be perfectly smooth spheres colliding with a constant coefficient of normal restitution. A much more tractable model is the inelastic Maxwell model (IMM), in which the velocity-dependent collision rate is replaced by an effective mean-field constant. This simplification has been taken advantage of by many researchers to find a number of exact results within the IMM. On the other hand, both the IHSM and IMM neglect the impact of roughness—generally present in real grains—on the dynamic properties of a granular gas. This is remedied by the inelastic rough hard-sphere model (IRHSM), where, apart from the coefficient of normal restitution, a constant coefficient of tangential restitution is introduced. In parallel to the simplification carried out when going from the IHSM to the IMM, we propose in this paper an inelastic rough Maxwell model (IRMM) as a simplification of the IRHSM. The tractability of the proposed model is illustrated by the exact evaluation of the collisional moments of first and second degree, and the most relevant ones of third and fourth degree. The results are applied to the evaluation of the rotational-to-translational temperature ratio and the velocity cumulants in the homogeneous cooling state.
Augmented reality with algorithm animation and their effect on students’ emotions
Authors: Paredes-Velasco Maximiliano , Velázquez-Iturbide J. Ángel , Gómez-Ríos Mónica 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAlgorithm animations are a resource that assists in learning algorithms by visually displaying the behavior of an algorithm at a higher level of abstraction than source code. On the other hand, augmented reality is a technology that allows extending visible reality in a mobile device, which can result in greater emotional well-being for the student. However, it is not clear how to integrate algorithm animations with augmented reality. The article makes two contributions to this concern. On the one hand, we describe an architecture that allows generating interactive algorithm animations, integrating them appropriately in the context of immersive augmented reality. This way the user can watch the source code of the algorithm, augmented with textual explanations, visualizations and animations of its behavior. We illustrate the use of the architecture by instantiating it to the well-known Dijkstra’s algorithm, resulting in an augmented reality tool that generates text, 2D and 3D visualizations. On the other hand, the influence of the tool on the user’s emotions has been studied by conducting an experience with face-to-face and online students. The results show that, with the joint use of augmented reality and visualizations, the students: experienced significantly more positive than negative emotions, experienced more agitation and stimulation than inactivity or calm, enjoyed as much as they expected, and their feeling of boredom decreased during the experience. However, students felt anxiety from the beginning and it increased with the use of augmented reality. The study also found that the face-to-face or online learning model influences emotions and learning outcomes with augmented reality.
Time domain homogenisation of elastic and viscoelastic metamaterials
Authors: Abuzayed Ismail H. A. , Ozdemir Zuhal , Askes Harm 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe mechanical behaviour of metamaterials typically depends on their microstructural configuration and composition, in addition to their relative density. The design of these materials requires extensive experiments or complex finite element models which tend to be numerically demanding. In order to understand, control and optimise the macroscopic mechanical behaviour, in this paper numerical homogenisation is applied to a simple square unit cell with a single inclusion using a combination of elastic and viscoelastic responses on the micro level. Through a systematic analysis of unit cell behaviour with increasingly complex microstructural configurations, it is shown how certain macroscale constitutive laws can be obtained in a controlled and controllable manner.
Predicting impact scenarios of a rimless wheel: a geometrical approach
Authors: Barjau Ana , Batlle Joaquim A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe 2D motion of a rigid rimless wheel on an inclined plane has been widely studied as a first simple case of passive walker. Usually, it is modelled as a hybrid dynamical system alternating continuous smooth phases and discrete impact ones. As in other bipedal walkers, the related research is often devoted to the analysis of cyclic motions and assumes that the spoke-ground collision is a single-point one. This work focuses exclusively on the impact problem and explores the possibility of different transitions within the impact interval (single-point to double-point collisions, dynamic jamb, stick-slide transitions and sliding reversal) as a function of the spokes angular aperture, the wheel inertia, the wheel-ground friction coefficient, and the initial conditions. This analysis is done through an innovative geometrical approach based on the Percussion Centre.
Genotypes exhibit no variation in precision foraging in mycorrhizal Norway spruce seedlings
Authors: Velmala Sannakajsa M. , Salmela Matti J. , Chan Tommy , Hölttä Teemu , Hamberg Leena , Sievänen Risto , Pennanen Taina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Aims
Fine roots, that comprise the adjustable part of the root system, are important in spatially heterogeneous boreal forest soils. We investigated the soil exploring patterns of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings of equal height belonging to families representing two contrasting growth phenotypes that have shown fast and slow growth rates in long-term experiments. We hypothesised that seedlings of the fast-growing phenotype would show a more explorative root growth strategy, intense branching, and root proliferation in response to the nutrient patch, and that slow-growing phenotypes would be more tolerant to drought stress.

Methods
Seedlings were grown in flat Perspex microcosms with a clod of humus placed in the mid-bottom part of each microcosm for eight months. The order-based and functional classification, branching topology, and size of seedling root systems were studied with WinRHIZO™ image-analysis software and root exploration patterns with LIGNUM-model simulations. In addition, transpiration, stomatal conductance, net assimilation rate responses were measured.

Results
No differences were found in the early foraging of roots for the humus clod nor net assimilation rate and transpiration between the phenotype groups. Seedlings were favouring exploitation over exploration in the early phases of development regardless of growth phenotype group. However, in fast-growing phenotypes, the main roots were longer, and the lateral root pool favoured long and bifurcated laterals that formed larger absorptive root area.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that in nutrient-poor conditions, better growth of lateral roots precedes future differences in the aboveground growth rate of Norway spruce.
Quantifying DDS-cerberus network control overhead
Authors: Park Andrew T. , Peck Nathaniel , Dill Richard , Hodson Douglas D. , Grimaila Michael R. , Henry Wayne C. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractSecuring distributed device communication is critical because the private industry and the military depend on these resources. One area that adversaries target is the middleware, which is the medium that connects different systems. This paper evaluates a novel security layer, DDS-Cerberus (DDS-C), that protects in-transit data and improves communication efficiency on data-first distribution systems. This research contributes a distributed robotics operating system testbed and designs a multifactorial performance-based experiment to evaluate DDS-C efficiency and security by assessing total packet traffic generated in a robotics network. The performance experiment follows a 2:1 publisher to subscriber node ratio, varying the number of subscribers and publisher nodes from three to eighteen. By categorizing the network traffic from these nodes into either data message, security, or discovery+ with Quality of Service (QoS) best effort and reliable, the mean security traffic from DDS-C has minimal impact to Data Distribution Service (DDS) operations compared to other network traffic. The results reveal that applying DDS-C to a representative distributed network robotics operating system network does not impact performance.
Molecular study on recombinant cold-adapted, detergent- and alkali stable esterase (EstRag) from Lysinibacillus sp.: a member of family VI
Authors: Matrawy Amira A. , Khalil Ahmed I. , Embaby Amira M. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCold-adapted esterases have potential industrial applications. To fulfil the global continuous demand for these enzymes, a cold-adapted esterase member of family VI from Lysinibacillus sp. YS11 was cloned on pET-28b (+) vector and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) Rosetta cells for the first time. The open reading frame (654 bp: GenBank MT120818.1) encodes a polypeptide (designated EstRag: 217 amino acid residues). EstRag amino acid sequence has conserved esterase signature motifs: pentapeptide (GFSQG) and catalytic triad Ser110-Asp163-His194. EstRag 3D predicted model, built with LOMETS3 program, showed closest structural similarity to PDB 1AUO_A (esterase: Pseudomonas fluorescens); TM-align score program inferences. Purified EstRag to 9.28-fold, using Ni2+affinity agarose matrix, showed a single protein band (25 kDa) on SDS-PAGE, Km (0.031 mM) and Kcat/Km (657.7 s−1 mM−1) on p-NP-C2. Temperature and pH optima of EstRag were 35 °C and 8.0, respectively. EstRag was fully stable at 5–30 °C for 120 min and at pH(s) 8.0–10.0 after 24 h. EstRag activity (391.46 ± 0.009%) was impressively enhanced after 30 min preincubation with 5 mM Cu2+. EstRag retained full stability after 30 min pre-incubation with 0.1%(v/v) SDS, Triton X-100, and Tween-80. EstRag promising characteristics motivate performing guided evolution and industrial applications prospective studies.
Hybrid Beamforming in 5G NR Networks Using Multi User Massive MIMO at FR2 Frequency Bands
Authors: Dilli Ravilla 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe current Sub 6 GHz band is highly occupied and unable to meet the demands of future wireless data traffic. As the millimeter wave technology is a promising way of enhancing the performance of next-generation wireless networks, it is essential to explore FR2 frequency bands. Massive Multiple-Input Multiple Output (mMIMO) technology has been introduced to improve the capacity and coverage of 5G wireless networks. Hybrid beamforming (HB) is an efficient technique to improve the channel gain and minimize the interference at reasonable complexity. The aim of HB in mMIMO systems is to maximize the sum rate that can approach the fully-digital beamforming system performance. Combination of mMIMO systems, mmWave, and HB techniques achieve higher data rates and cell coverage in 5G wireless networks. It mitigates the hardware complexity, energy consumption, and cost as number of required radio-frequency chains at base station gets minimized. In this paper, we have investigated the performance of a multi user-mMIMO HB system at 28, 39 GHz of FR2 frequency bands as well as at 66 GHz by analyzing the effect of changing variables that include the number of users, transmitting and receiving antennas, and the type of modulation. Simulation results include RMS values of error vector magnitude (EVM) that gives quantitative analysis and receive constellation of the equalized symbols that shows qualitative analysis. EVM is computed for different scenarios and it is used as an indicator of performance to assess the suitable design configuration of mMIMO system.
Temperature Gradient Determination with Thermography and Image Correlation in Curved Surfaces with Application to Additively Manufactured Components
Authors: Hartmann S. , Müller-Lohse L. , Tröger J.-A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Thermographic images provide two-dimensional information of the surface temperatures on specific selected component regions. If these components have curved surfaces, there is the question of calculating the surface temperature assigned to the material points concerned on the one hand and determining the associated temperature gradient on the other. Apart from general objects, special problems might occur with additively manufactured components as the surfaces are often rough and rippled.

Objectives
In this paper, the image information from 2D-thermography as well as 3D-digital image correlation data are combined to determine both the temperature at the material points as well as the temperature gradients concerned. Thus, on the one hand, the basic theoretical equations of the transformations are provided and, on the other hand, the required steps in the experiment are discussed.

Methods
Since both discrete data sets of thermography and digital image correlation have to be interpolated, radial basis functions are drawn on. In this context, both a consistent presentation of the underlying equations as well as the error propagation of the occurring uncertainties are addressed as well. First, this is demonstrated at a pure verification example to estimate the expected accuracies. Second, the concept is investigated at real samples made of 3D-printed polymer as well as a wire-arc additively manufactured steel specimen.

Results
It turns out that (a) edge effects can lead to more uncertain data at the boundaries of the evaluated region, and (b) a required oblique tripod attached to the specimen are essential uncertainty factors. However, the uncertainty of the temperature determination due to the projection scheme is in the order of general temperature dispersions.

Conclusions
Thus, an additional cheap and reliable experimental device in form of a oblique tripod is required which both camera systems have to detect. Then, the evaluation tool can map the 2D-data onto the curvilinear surface. Moreover, the temperature gradient calculation is possible.
Artificial intelligence based image quality enhancement in liver MRI: a quantitative and qualitative evaluation
Authors: Zerunian Marta , Pucciarelli Francesco , Caruso Damiano , Polici Michela , Masci Benedetta , Guido Gisella , De Santis Domenico , Polverari Daniele , Principessa Daniele , Benvenga Antonella , Iannicelli Elsa , Laghi Andrea 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare liver MRI with AIR Recon Deep Learning™(ARDL) algorithm applied and turned-off (NON-DL) with conventional high-resolution acquisition (NAÏVE) sequences, in terms of quantitative and qualitative image analysis and scanning time.

Material and methods
This prospective study included fifty consecutive volunteers (31 female, mean age 55.5 ± 20 years) from September to November 2021. 1.5 T MRI was performed and included three sets of images: axial single-shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE) T2 images, diffusion-weighted images(DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) maps acquired with both ARDL and NAÏVE protocol; the NON-DL images, were also assessed. Two radiologists in consensus drew fixed regions of interest in liver parenchyma to calculate signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and contrast to-noise-ratio (CNR). Subjective image quality was assessed by two other radiologists independently with a five-point Likert scale. Acquisition time was recorded.

Results
SSFSE T2 objective analysis showed higher SNR and CNR for ARDL vs NAÏVE, ARDL vs NON-DL(all P < 0.013). Regarding DWI, no differences were found for SNR with ARDL vs NAÏVE and, ARDL vs NON-DL (all P > 0.2517).CNR was higher for ARDL vs NON-DL(P = 0.0170), whereas no differences were found between ARDL and NAÏVE(P = 1). No differences were observed for all three comparisons, in terms of SNR and CNR, for ADC maps (all P > 0.32).
Qualitative analysis for all sequences showed better overall image quality for ARDL with lower truncation artifacts, higher sharpness and contrast (all P < 0.0070) with excellent inter-rater agreement (k ≥ 0.8143). Acquisition time was lower in ARDL sequences compared to NAÏVE (SSFSE T2 = 19.08 ± 2.5 s vs. 24.1 ± 2 s and DWI = 207.3 ± 54 s vs. 513.6 ± 98.6 s, all P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
ARDL applied on upper abdomen showed overall better image quality and reduced scanning time compared with NAÏVE protocol.
Comparisons between artificial intelligence computer-aided detection synthesized mammograms and digital mammograms when used alone and in combination with tomosynthesis images in a virtual screening setting
Authors: Uematsu Takayoshi , Nakashima Kazuaki , Harada Taiyo Leopoldo , Nasu Hatsuko , Igarashi Tatsuya 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the reader performance of artificial intelligence computer-aided detection synthesized mammograms (AI CAD SM) with that of digital mammograms (DM) when used alone or in combination with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) images.

Materials and methods
This retrospective multireader (n = 4) study compared the reader performances in 388 cases (84 cancer, 83 benign, and 221 normal or benign cases). The overall accuracy of the breast-based assessment was determined by four radiologists using two sequential reading modes: DM followed by DM + DBT; and AI CAD SM followed by AI CAD SM + DBT. Each breast was rated by each reader using five-category ratings, where 3 or higher was considered positive. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) and reading time were evaluated.

Results
The mean AUC values for DM, AI CAD SM, DM + DBT, and AI CAD SM + DBT were 0.863, 0.895, 0.886, and 0.902, respectively. The mean AUC of AI CAD SM was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than that of DM. The mean AUC of AI CAD SM + DBT was higher than that of DM + DBT (P = 0.094). A significant reduction in the reading time was observed after using AI CAD SM + DBT when compared with that after using DM + DBT (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
AI CAD SM + DBT might prove more effective than DM + DBT in a screening setting because of its lower radiation dose, noninferiority, and shorter reading time compared to DM + DBT.
Agency in Contraceptive Decision-Making in Patient Care: a Psychometric Measure
Authors: Harper Cynthia C. , Rao Lavanya , Muñoz Isabel , Stern Lisa , Kerns Jennifer L. , Parra Miriam , Chambers Brittany D. , Rocca Corinne H. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Patient agency in contraceptive decision-making is an essential component of reproductive autonomy.

Objective
We aimed to develop a psychometrically robust measure of patient contraceptive agency in the clinic visit, as a measure does not yet exist.

Design
For scale development, we generated and field tested 54 questionnaire items, grounded in qualitative research. We used item response theory–based methods to select and evaluate scale items for psychometric performance. We iteratively examined model fit, dimensionality, internal consistency, internal structure validity, and differential item functioning to arrive at a final scale.

Participants
A racially/ethnically diverse sample of 338 individuals, aged 15–34 years, receiving contraceptive care across nine California clinics in 2019–2020.

Main Measures
Contraceptive Agency Scale (CAS) of patient agency in preventive care.

Key Results
Participants were 20.5 mean years, with 36% identifying as Latinx, 26% White, 20% Black, 10% Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander. Scale items covered the domains of freedom from coercion, non-judgmental care, and active decision-making, and loaded on to a single factor, with a Cronbach’s α of 0.80. Item responses fit a unidimensional partial credit item response model (weighted mean square statistic within 0.75-1.33 for each item), met criteria for internal structure validity, and showed no meaningful differential item functioning. Most participants expressed high agency in their contraceptive visit (mean score 9.6 out of 14). One-fifth, however, experienced low agency or coercion, with the provider wanting them to use a specific method or to make decisions for them. Agency scores were lowest among Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander participants (adjusted coefficient: -1.5 [-2.9, -0.1] vs. White) and among those whose mothers had less than a high school education (adjusted coefficient; -2.1 [-3.3, -0.8] vs. college degree or more).

Conclusions
The Contraceptive Agency Scale can be used in research and clinical care to reinforce non-coercive service provision as a standard of care.