bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum error mitigation by hidden inverses protocol in superconducting quantum devices
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Authors: Leyton-Ortega V , Majumder S , Pooser R C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We present a method to improve the convergence of variational algorithms based on hidden inverses (HIs) to mitigate coherent errors. In the context of error mitigation, this means replacing the hardware implementation of certain Hermitian gates with their inverses. Doing so results in noise cancellation and a more resilient quantum circuit. This approach improves performance in a variety of two-qubit error models where the noise operator also inverts with the gate inversion. We apply the mitigation scheme on superconducting quantum processors running the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm to find the H

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ground-state energy. When implemented on superconducting hardware we find that the mitigation scheme effectively reduces the energy fluctuations in the parameter learning path in VQE, reducing the number of iterations for a converged value. We also provide a detailed numerical simulation of VQE performance under different noise models and explore how HIs and randomized compiling affect the underlying loss landscape of the learning problem. These simulations help explain our experimental hardware outcomes, helping to connect lower-level gate performance to application-specific behavior in contrast to metrics like fidelity which often do not provide an intuitive insight into observed high level performance.
People and infrastructure: multi-scale assessment of coastal and fluvial flood exposure in India
Authors: Zoraghein Hamidreza , Pinchoff Jessie , Balk Deborah , Montgomery Mark , Engin Hasim 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
India is one of the world’s most flood-prone countries, with present-day risks likely to be exacerbated by climate change in the coming decades. The type of risk varies by location, with the lives, homes, and livelihoods of residents of India’s coastal megacities threatened by coastal floods and storm surges while village-dwellers residing in rural flood plains may additionally lose both crops and livestock. Schools and health facilities throughout the country are also at risk. This multi-scale study employs several datasets, from multiple domains, to generate high-resolution estimates of potential exposure to fluvial and coastal floods for (1) urban and rural populations, (2) health facilities, and (3) educational facilities. Our results, presented at the state level, suggest high exposure to fluvial flooding with about 184 million or more than 1:7 of India’s population at risk. This proportion is somewhat higher for rural dwellers (15.8%) compared with urban residents (14.2%). Urban residents, however, are much more likely to be affected by coastal floods, likely due to the high population densities of India’s coastal megacities. In total, around 19,218 (15%) of health and 34,519 (18%) of educational facilities are exposed to either coastal or fluvial flood risks. A spatially detailed, locally refined, comprehensive flood risk assessment such as this is critical to inform and target public policy and guide disaster risk reduction plans. By improving infrastructure, increasing awareness, and developing proactive, targeted, and inclusive flood plans, communities can build resilience.
Comparisons of simulated radiation, surface wind stress and SST fields over tropical pacific by the GISS CMIP6 versions of global climate models with observations
Authors: Li J-L F , Cesana Gregory V , Xu Kuan-Man , Richardson Mark , Takahashi Hanii , Jiang J 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study compares the overall performance between versions 2.1 and 3 of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) global climate models (referred to as GISS-E2.1 and GISS-E3, respectively), in simulating the present-day Pacific climate using the CMIP6 protocol. Model physical representations and configurations are extensively changed from GISS-E2.1 to GISS-E3, which result in greatly reduced discrepancies, including ice water path (IWP), ice water content (IWC), radiative fluxes, surface wind stress (TAU), sea surface temperature (SST), precipitation (PR) and column water vapor (PRW), relative to satellite-based observational products over south Pacific oceans. Cloud only IWP (CIWP) shows the largest change, decreasing biases from ∼400 g kg−1in GISS-E2.1 to 10–20 g kg−1in GISS-E3. The combination of improved CIWP and the inclusion of snow in GISS-E3 may play roles on reducing overestimated outgoing longwave radiation, overestimated reflected shortwave at the top of atmosphere, and underestimated surface downward shortwave in GISS-E2.1. Both models’ intertropical convergence zones (ITCZs) are, however, located far too north of the equator, as found in radiative fluxes, PR and PRW but not in SST relative to observations. This introduces biases in TAU, PR and PRW over north flank of the equator and north Pacific. Over south Pacific, especially the trade wind regions, the improvements of radiation fluxes, SST, PR and PRW appear to be due to improved TAU associated with inclusion of snow-radiative effects. In particular, GISS-E3 reduces a longstanding too warm SST bias over trade-wind regions, from 4 K in GISS-E2.1 to within 0.5 K, and too cold SST bias over north Pacific Ocean. Although GISS-E3 shows improved geographic patterns of the simulated fields in particular over south Pacific oceans compared to GISS-E2.1, our results suggest that the location of ITCZ needs to be further improved.
Effect of Mn on microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviour of Mg-Ni alloys
Authors: Patel Sonam M , Rao Vandana J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous research on Mg-Ni alloys focused on the mechanical characteristics and damping behaviour in the presence of Zn and rare Earth elements. There has not been much research on the Mg-Ni-Mn alloy’s microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviour. The present research work fulfills this gap by concentrating on the microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion characteristics of Mg-Ni-Mn alloys. Here, different Mg-Ni-Mn alloys were developed by varying the nickel and manganese content. The microstructure of the developed alloys was studied using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Ultimate tensile strength and microhardness of all alloys were performed on a tensometer (room temperature), and Vickers hardness tester respectively. The corrosion rate of Mg-Ni and Mg-Ni-Mn alloys was measured at 3.5 wt% NaCl solution by immersion test. The result shows that the nickel and manganese presence refine the grain size of magnesium. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of α-Mg and Mg2Ni phases in Mg-Ni alloys. Along with these phases, the Mn phase was observed in Mg-Ni-Mn alloys. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and hardness of pure magnesium were increased in the presence of Ni and Mn. However, the presence of manganese in Mg-Ni alloy shows an adverse effect on corrosion behaviour. The corrosion rate of the Mg-Ni alloy was accelerated in the presence of manganese.
High-density analog image storage in an analog-valued non-volatile memory array
Authors: Zheng Xin , Zarcone Ryan V , Levy Akash , Khwa Win-San , Raina Priyanka , Olshausen Bruno A , Philip Wong H S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Data stored in the cloud or on mobile devices reside in physical memory systems with finite sizes. Today, huge amounts of analog data, e.g. images and videos, are first digitalized and then compression algorithms (e.g. the JPEG standard) are employed to minimize the amount of physical storage required. Emerging non-volatile-memory technologies (e.g. phase change memory (PCM), resistive RAM (RRAM)) provide the possibility to store the analog information in a compressed format directly into analog memory systems. Here, we demonstrate with hardware experiments an image storage and compression scheme (joint source-channel coding) with analog-valued PCM and RRAM arrays. This scheme stores information in a distributed fashion and shows resilience to the PCM and RRAM device technology non-idealities, including defective cells, device variability, resistance drift, and relaxation.
Anti–factor Xa vs aPTT for heparin monitoring in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Vo Tai , Bello Abdel , Ragan Monika , Flanagan James , Johnson Darriel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeThe goal of this study was to evaluate the correlation of anti–factor Xa (anti-Xa) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) measures with heparin dosing in adult patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study evaluating adult patients managed on ECMO for at least 24 hours who received unfractionated heparin for systemic anticoagulation and were monitored per protocol using anti-Xa and/or aPTT coagulation assays. The primary outcome was the correlation between aPTT and anti-Xa measures. The secondary outcomes included, but were not limited to, the number of hemorrhagic and thrombotic events.ResultsTwenty-seven patients were included in this study. In the 227 events where both laboratory values were collected, a weak correlation was found between anti-Xa and aPTT (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.4, P = 0). In the 12 hemorrhagic events that occurred, aPTT was collected for only 10 events. Fifty percent of those events were associated with supratherapeutic aPTT, while none of the hemorrhagic events were associated with a supratherapeutic anti-Xa level. Two thrombotic events occurred, one of which had subtherapeutic anti-Xa and aPTT and the other of which had neither an anti-Xa nor aPTT measure on the day the event occurred.ConclusionIn a population of patients on ECMO, many of whom had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there was a weak association between aPTT and anti-Xa measures. Hemorrhagic evens were more common than thrombotic events; however, a relationship between these events and aPTT or anti-Xa levels was not determined. The applicability of these findings to an ECMO population without COVID-19 is unknown and will require further study.
Productivity and Efficiency of a Department Resident Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Clinic
Authors: Nasr Hani Y , Boyd Carter J , Borab Zachary M , Vranis Neil M , Cassidy Michael F , Gursky Alexis K , Gober Rebecca , Zide Barry M , Ceradini Daniel J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
There has been increasing demand for aesthetic surgery procedures in the United States, highlighting the critical importance of the competence of plastic surgery residents and rigorous methods of aesthetic surgery training.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to review procedures and outcomes from our plastic surgery resident aesthetic clinic. Outcomes and costs were compared to national averages and reports from the literature.

Methods
A retrospective chart review identified all adult patients who presented to the Resident Aesthetic Surgery Clinic at NYU Langone Health in 2021. Patient demographics, comorbidities, procedural data, postoperative complications, revisions, and surgeon fees were compiled. A brief confidence survey was distributed to participating residents before and after their clinic rotation. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software (Armonk, NY).

Results
In 2021, 144/379 consultations led to an operation (38.0% conversion rate), resulting in 420 distinct surgical procedures. The majority (53.3%) of procedures involved the head and neck. Complication and revision rates were 5.5% and 1.0%, respectively, with surgeon fees consistently below the national average. Residents reported being significantly more confident performing face lifts, rhinoplasties, and aesthetic surgery in general following their clinic rotation.

Conclusions
These data represent the largest annual reported study of plastic surgery resident aesthetic procedures and outcomes, demonstrating the high volume and productivity of the NYU Resident Aesthetic Surgery Clinic. These results further support resident aesthetic clinics as a robust training modality.

Level of Evidence: 4
Gel Cohesivity and Breast Augmentation: Applications to Clinical Practice
Authors: Edwards Michael C , Gabriel Allen , Hammer Jason , Jewell Hillary L , Jewell Mark L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Matching breast implant gel cohesivity to the patient’s needs based on anatomical and soft tissue considerations and patient preferences is essential to optimizing aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction. Generally, gel cohesivity contributes to the feel and shape of the breast, which reflects volume distribution within the breast. Studies on the physical properties of silicone gel breast implants have established the relative cohesivity of implants from several manufacturers. Comprehensive patient education, tissue-based preoperative planning, and a thorough understanding of how implant properties may affect outcomes are recommended before breast augmentation. This review summarizes the literature on breast implant physical properties with a focus on gel cohesivity and translates gel cohesivity to practical considerations in choosing the right implant for the right patient in primary augmentation. Based on clinical experience, the authors generally recommend lower-cohesivity implants for patients who desire a tapered upper pole or a natural appearance/“anatomic shape” as well as for those with a high body mass index or a large amount of native breast tissue. Medium-cohesivity implants are most widely used and are appropriate for those with ptosis/augmentation mastopexy, patients with tight skin envelope, and for those seeking upper pole fullness. A high-cohesivity implant is recommended for patients desiring a round shape, those with constricted lower poles, and patients with a postpartum loose envelope, a thin, soft tissue envelope, or fibrous breast tissue.
DARTpaths, anin silicoplatform to investigate molecular mechanisms of compounds
Authors: Bhalla Diksha , Steijaert Marvin N , Poppelaars Eefje S , Teunis Marc , van der Voet Monique , Corradi Marie , Dévière Elisabeth , Noothout Luke , Tomassen Wilco , Rooseboom Martijn , Currie Richard A , Krul Cyrille , Pieters Raymond , van Noort Vera , Wildwater Marjolein 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSummaryXpaths is a collection of algorithms that allow for the prediction of compound-induced molecular mechanisms of action by integrating phenotypic endpoints of different species; and proposes follow-up tests for model organisms to validate these pathway predictions. The Xpaths algorithms are applied to predict developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) and implemented into an in silico platform, called DARTpaths.Availability and implementationAll code is available on GitHub https://github.com/Xpaths/dartpaths-app under Apache license 2.0, detailed overview with demo is available at https://www.vivaltes.com/dartpaths/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Design of a treatment satisfaction measure for patients undergoing varicose vein treatment: Venous Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (VenousTSQ)
Authors: Gilbride Charlie J , Wilson Alison , Bradley-Gilbride Anita , Bayfield Janet , Gibson Kathleen , Gohel Manjit , Bradley Clare 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Established condition-specific patient-reported outcome measures for varicose veins are limited to the measurement of health status and function. A treatment satisfaction measure is needed to understand patient satisfaction with different treatment options. The aim of this study was to design a Venous Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (VenousTSQ) that would be ready for large-scale data collection and psychometric evaluation.

Methods
Relevant items were selected from the -TSQ Item Library and new items were designed where necessary. A draft VenousTSQ was prepared using the existing AneurysmTSQ as a template. Fifteen interviews were conducted from 4 days to 16 months after the procedure. The interviews were designed to elicit important sources of satisfaction or dissatisfaction before completion of draft questionnaires. The VenousTSQ drafts were modified between sets of interviews until no further changes were required.

Results
The final VenousTSQ consists of two questionnaires: VenousTSQ early (VenousTSQe) and VenousTSQ status (VenousTSQs). Items that need be asked only once are in the VenousTSQe, whereas those that can usefully be asked more than once are in the VenousTSQs. Of the 16 unique items forming the VenousTSQ, 12 were from the -TSQ Item Library. Only 1 of these 12 required significant modification.

Conclusions
The VenousTSQ represents a condition-specific psychological outcome measure for varicose veins, enabling patient satisfaction or dissatisfaction with such treatments to be measured. Large-scale data collection is under way to establish optimal scoring, quantitative validity, and reliability of the VenousTSQ.
HPB O03 Preclinical safety and feasibility of in situ Isolated Normothermic Liver Chemoperfusion (INLiC) for enhanced drug delivery
Authors: Clark Tamsyn , Ebeling Georg , Bau Luca , Voyce Daniel , Coussios Constantin , Friend Peter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Up to 85% of patients with liver metastases have inoperable disease. Isolated liver chemoperfusion involves vascular isolation of the liver with regional delivery of chemotherapy, and aims to maximise the therapeutic response and limit extra-hepatic toxicity. Historically, the morbidity associated with drug leak from the liver circuit has limited its success. To improve the safety of this approach, we developed a surgical protocol for Isolated Normothermic Liver Chemoperfusion (INLiC) and assessed its short-term safety, and feasibility for enhancing drug delivery.

Methods
Laparotomy and complete, vascular isolation of the liver was performed on (n=9) 55–65 Kg pigs. The gastroduodenal artery, portal vein and inferior vena cava (IVC) were cannulated and normothermic machine perfusion of the liver established in situ. Systemic circulation was maintained with veno-venous bypass. High-dose, intra-arterial doxorubicin was delivered to the isolated liver, circulated for 1 hour and vascular reconnection performed. Biochemical and physiological parameters were assessed and doxorubicin quantified in blood, bile and tissue by high performance liquid chromatography.

Results
A standardised, surgical protocol was developed to enable INLiC. Physiological median liver outflows (1.1 L/min (0.9–1.1)), pH (7.35 (7.26–7.42)), lactate concentration (1.1 mM (0.33–2.3)) and an acceptable peak AST (805 U/L (308–1667)) were achieved. Population two-compartmental analysis of plasma doxorubicin decay demonstrated a distribution half-life of 1.3 minutes and a Cmax 8-times higher than tolerable by systemic delivery, due to cardiotoxicity. The resulting hepatic tissue concentration of doxorubicin was significantly higher than could be safely achieved with systemic delivery (p=0.019). Notably, there was no extra-hepatic leak of doxorubicin and it did not accumulate in cardiac or renal tissue.

Conclusions
INLiC is feasible, safe and enables high-dose drug delivery to the liver without extra-hepatic tissue accumulation.
HPB V09 Pringles manoeuvre- How we do it!
Authors: Karmarkar Rahi , Aroori Somaiah 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Minimally invasive liver resection (MILR) is a complex surgical procedure requiring extensive training and expertise. One of the critical challenges in MILR is the control of bleeding from the transection plane. Intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion requirements are associated with increased operating time, postoperative morbidity, mortality, and reduced disease-free survival. Pringles manoeuvre is an established strategy to facilitate liver resection whilst maintaining haemostasis from the transection plane. Several techniques for performing the Pringle manoeuvre in MILR have been described. However, an optimal method has not been identified yet.

Methods
In our video presentation, we describe a novel technique for Pringle's manoeuvre in MILR using a deceptively simple Foley catheter device.

Results
A Foley catheter can provide uniform constriction of the hilar structures owing to its silastic properties. Its atraumatic tip allows its safe passage behind hilar structures without other instrument use. It does not require additional ports, is less traumatic, and is easy to apply. A foley catheter is also relatively inexpensive and readily available in operation theatres.

Conclusions
Pringle's manoeuvre using a Foley catheter is a simple, safe, easily reproducible, and cost-effective technique. We encourage this method of hepatic inflow occlusion in modern minimally invasive liver surgery.
OGC O07 Effect of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) on survival and recurrence rates in advanced gastric cancer- systematic review and meta analysis
Authors: Patel Maitreyi , Arora Amandeep , Mukherjee Dipankar , Mukherjee Samrat 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Around 5–20% of patients who undergo surgery for advanced gastric cancer have peritoneal carcinomatosis and 10–54% have peritoneal recurrence after surgery, which is associated with poor prognosis. The role of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) is not clearly defined. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the safety and survival benefit of HIPEC in AGC.

Methods
We conducted a meta-analysis, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, of the clinical trials and high-quality non-randomized studies evaluating the role of HIPEC in AGC over the last 10 years. The studies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases between January 2011 to December 202. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42022310556. Clinical data including overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival, overall recurrence rate, peritoneal recurrence rate, and complications analyzed after data extraction using RevMan5.4.The primary endpoint was overall survival. The secondary end points were 5 year survival, disease-free survival, post operative complications: myelosuppression, liver dysfunction, intestinal obstruction, leak, and mortality. The impact of HIPEC on overall and peritoneal recurrence was also evaluated.

Results
Six randomized controlled trials and 10 nonrandomized studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis, comprising a total of 1700 patients. While the use of HIPEC did not impact OS at one year, it was associated with significantly improved OS at 3 (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.17–3.05) and at 5 years (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.29–2.71). HIPEC was associated with reduced overall recurrence (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.31–0.80) and peritoneal recurrence (OR 0.22, 95% 0.11–0.47). HIPEC was not associated with increased complications; however, the occurrence of postoperative renal dysfunction was significantly higher in the HIPEC group (OR 3.94, 95% CI 1.85–8.38). 3-year mortality was significantly favorable to HIPEC (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.82).

Conclusions
The role of HIPEC in AGC has evolved over the past decade. These results suggest that HIPEC may improve survival rates and reduce recurrence rates in patients with AGC, without significant increase in complications. HIPEC may improve survival rates and reduce recurrence rates in patients with AGC, without any significant increase in complications with a favorable impact on 3 and 5-year survival. The prognosis is dependent on patient selection. High quality, multi-centre trials are needed to guide in patient selection and developing standardized protocols for the management for this cohort of patients.