bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary protein requirement for captive juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas)
Authors: Jualaong Suthep , Thongprajukaew Karun , Kanghae Hirun , Nuntapong Nutt , Saekhow Suktianchai , Hahor Waraporn , Reungkhajorn Aisawan , Namwong Areeya , Chenah Soraya , Panawa Salwa 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHead‐starting programs are extremely important for restoring the population of sea turtles in wild whereas husbandry conditions and feeding regimens of captive turtles are still limited. In the current study, the optimal dietary protein requirement for green turtle (Chelonia mydas) was investigated to support rearing in head‐starting programs. Twenty‐five‐day‐old turtles (44.5–46.2 g body weight, n = 45) were randomly distributed into 15 experimental plastic tanks, comprising three treatment replications of 3 turtles each. They were fed fishmeal‐based feeds containing different levels of protein (30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50%) for 8 weeks. At the end of feeding trial, growth performance (specific growth rate = 1.86% body weight/day) and feed utilization (protein efficiency ratio = 3.30 g gain/g protein) were highest in turtles fed with 40% protein in feed (p < .05). These nutritional responses were significantly supported by specific activities of fecal digestive enzymes, especially trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, and the amylase/trypsin ratio. Also, this dietary level improved the deposition of calcium and phosphorus in carapace, supporting a hard carapace and strong healthy bones. There were no negative effects in general health status of reared turtles, as indicated by hematological parameters. Based on a broken‐line analysis between dietary protein levels and specific growth rate, the optimal protein level for green turtles was estimated as 40.6%. Findings from the current study support the use of artificial diets of specific protein levels to rear captive green turtle before release to natural habitats.
Ejaculate characteristics over seasons in five species of lancehead pitvipers (Bothrops spp) kept in captivity
Authors: Vieira Samira E. M. , Grego Kathleen F. , Blank Marcel H. , Novaes Gabriel A. , Rodrigues Fabíola de Souza , Silveira Giovanni P. M. da , Castro Rafael A. de , Sant'Anna Sávio S. , Pereira Ricardo J. G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDue to their major medical importance in Latin America, lancehead pitvipers are frequently kept and bred in captivity for venom extraction to the production of antivenom serums. Nevertheless, despite the great contribution given to captive breeding, much of the knowledge of Bothrops' reproductive biology derived from sporadic and insufficient data provided by zoological collections. Thus, we aimed to investigate seasonal changes in gonadosomatic index (GSI) and seminal parameters (e.g., volume, concentration, motility, viability, and acrosome integrity) of five species of lancehead pitvipers from different biomes and phylogenetic groups, maintained in the indoors serpentarium at Butantan Institute (Brazil). Patterns of variation in GSI and semen parameters differed from one species to another, suggesting that captive populations should perhaps be managed distinctly to maximize reproductive success. Furthermore, in none of the studied species did changes in GSI occur concomitantly with seminal variations. GSI remained unaltered year‐round for Jararaca (Bothrops jararaca) and Brazilian lancehead (Bothrops moojeni), whereas it peaked in the autumn for Common lancehead (Bothrops atrox), Jararacussu (Bothrops jararacussu), and Whitetail lancehead (Bothrops leucurus). But surprisingly, the scenario was inverted when we estimated the total number of motile spermatozoa per season, as Jararaca and Brazilian lancehead displayed seasonal differences and the other species did not vary throughout the year. Potential ecological and evolutionary factors underlying these differences were also discussed in the present article. Together, these findings can help to better define breeding management strategies for each species in captivity, in addition to optimizing the future use of artificial insemination and semen cryopreservation.
Crop Management for Breeding Trials
Authors: Honsdorf Nora , Van Loon Jelle , Govaerts Bram , Verhulst Nele 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAppropriate agronomic management of breeding trials plays an important role in creating selection conditions that lead to clear expression of trait differences between genotypes. Good trial management reduces experimental error to a minimum and in this way facilitates the detection of the best genotypes. The field site should be representative for the target environment of the breeding program, including soil and climatic conditions, photoperiod, and pest and disease prevalence. Uniformity of a field site is important to provide similar growing conditions to all plants. Field variability is affected by natural and management factors and leads to variability in crop performance. Additionally, pest and disease incidence tend to concentrate in patches, introducing variability not necessarily related to the susceptibility of affected genotypes. Precise agronomic management of breeding trials can reduce natural field variability and can contribute to reduce variability of crop performance. Through specialized agronomic management, contrasting selection conditions can be created in the same experimental station. The use of adequate machinery like plot seeders and harvesters contributes to precise trial management and facilitates operation. Machine seeding assures even seeding depth and density. Plot combines can be equipped with grain cleaners, on-board weighing systems and sensors to measure grain humidity and weight, which can greatly facilitate data collection.
Disease Resistance
Authors: Ayliffe Michael , Luo Ming , Faris Justin , Lagudah Evans 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWheat plants are infected by diverse pathogens of economic significance. They include biotrophic pathogens like mildews and rusts that require living plant cells to proliferate. By contrast necrotrophic pathogens that cause diseases such as tan spot, Septoria nodurum blotch and spot blotch require dead or dying cells to acquire nutrients. Pioneering studies in the flax plant-flax rust pathosystem led to the ‘gene-for-gene’ hypothesis which posits that a resistance gene product in the host plant recognizes a corresponding pathogen gene product, resulting in disease resistance. In contrast, necrotrophic wheat pathosystems have an ‘inverse gene-for-gene’ system whereby recognition of a necrotrophic fungal product by a dominant host gene product causes disease susceptibility, and the lack of recognition of this pathogen molecule leads to resistance. More than 300 resistance/susceptibility genes have been identified genetically in wheat and of those cloned the majority encode nucleotide binding, leucine rich repeat immune receptors. Other resistance gene types are also present in wheat, in particular adult plant resistance genes. Advances in mutational genomics and the wheat pan-genome are accelerating causative disease resistance/susceptibility gene discovery. This has enabled multiple disease resistance genes to be engineered as a transgenic gene stack for developing more durable disease resistance in wheat.
History of Wheat Breeding: A Personal View
Authors: Tony Fischer R. A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractFor more than a century, breeding has delivered huge benefits as a major driver of increased wheat productivity and of stability in the face of inevitable disease threats. Thus, the real cost of this staple grain has been reduced for billions of consumers. Steady breeding progress has been seen across many important traits of wheat, currently for potential yield averaging about 0.6% p.a. This yield progress continues to rely of extensive multilocational yield testing but has, however, become more difficult, even as new breeding techniques have improved efficiency. Breeding will continue to evolve as new approaches, being proposed with increasing frequency, are tested and found useful or not. High throughput phenotyping (HTPP), applying modern crop physiology, and molecular markers and genomic selection (GS) are in this phase right now. Such new techniques, along with pre-breeding for new traits, will likely play a larger role in this future improvement of wheat. New tools will also include genetic engineering (GE), as society’s need for its benefits become more urgent. The steady privatization of breeding seems unlikely to cease in the developed world but will continue to struggle elsewhere. It would seem wise, however, that a significant portion of the world’s pre-breeding research remains in the public sector, while maintaining close and equitable contact with those delivering new varieties.
Yield Potential
Authors: Foulkes M. John , Molero Gemma , Griffiths Simon , Slafer Gustavo A. , Reynolds Matthew P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis chapter provides an analysis of the processes determining the yield potential of wheat crops. The structure and function of the wheat crop will be presented and the influence of the environment and genetics on crop growth and development will be examined. Plant breeding strategies for raising yield potential will be described, with particular emphasis on factors controlling photosynthetic capacity and grain sink strength.
Theory and Practice of Phenotypic and Genomic Selection Indices
Authors: Crossa José , Cerón-Rojas J. Jesús , Martini Johannes W. R. , Covarrubias-Pazaran Giovanny , Alvarado Gregorio , Toledo Fernando H. , Govindan Velu 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe plant net genetic merit is a linear combination of trait breeding values weighted by its respective economic weights whereas a linear selection index (LSI) is a linear combination of phenotypic or genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) which is used to predict the net genetic merit of candidates for selection. Because economic values are difficult to assign, some authors developed economic weight-free LSI. The economic weights LSI are associated with linear regression theory, while the economic weight-free LSI is associated with canonical correlation theory. Both LSI can be unconstrained or constrained. Constrained LSI imposes restrictions on the expected genetic gain per trait to make some traits change their mean values based on a predetermined level, while the rest of the traits change their values without restriction. This work is geared towards plant breeders and researchers interested in LSI theory and practice in the context of wheat breeding. We provide the phenotypic and genomic unconstrained and constrained LSI, which together cover the theoretical and practical cornerstone of the single-stage LSI theory in plant breeding. Our main goal is to offer researchers a starting point for understanding the core tenets of LSI theory in plant selection.
Breeding Methods: Line Development
Authors: Rutkoski Jessica E. , Krause Margaret R. , Sorrells Mark E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn order to produce successful varieties, wheat breeding programs must develop several strategies that fall under one of the following topics: line development, population improvement, and selection methods. Part I of this chapter focuses on breeding activities related to line development, while Part II discusses population improvement and selection methods. Line development refers to the process of obtaining homozygous inbreds derived from crosses between parental lines. A wide variety of line development methods have been proposed in pursuit of greater efficiency and effectiveness. This chapter aims to provide basic knowledge on line development methods in relation to wheat breeding, describe how and why they came about, and synthesize the results of empirical studies that have evaluated them in order to foster critical thinking and innovation in breeding strategy design.
Breeding Methods: Population Improvement and Selection Methods
Authors: Rutkoski Jessica E. , Krause Margaret R. , Sorrells Mark E. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn order to produce successful varieties, wheat breeding programs must develop several strategies that fall under one of the following topics: line development, population improvement, and selection methods. This chapter focuses on breeding activities related to population improvement and selection methods, while Chap. 5 discusses line development. The objective of population improvement is to enhance the entire genetic base of the breeding program, while selection methods aim to identify breeding lines with superior potential or performance. As with line development approaches, numerous population improvement and selection methods have been developed in order to enhance breeding program efficiency and achieve genetic improvement. This chapter will provide an overview of population improvement and selection methods in the context of wheat breeding, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and summarize empirical studies that have evaluated them in order to inform breeding program design.
Exploring Barriers in the Enjoyment of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in Kenya: A Case Study of Sex Workers
Authors: Lukera MaryFrances 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe enjoyment of sexual and reproductive health and rights remains a daily struggle for many sex workers. The reality of laws and policies in different countries in the global north and global south and their impact on sex workers is indisputable even where they have ratified and domesticated international human rights treaties. This chapter explores the barriers in the face of state accountability that hinder the enjoyment of sexual and reproductive health and rights and exacerbates inequalities and discriminatory practices in Kenya. The chapter draws from the empirical research for a wider rights-based study on the promotion of sexual and reproductive health and rights of sex workers conducted in 2015, to expose what is framed in international human rights instruments, national laws and policies, and sex workers’ lived experiences. Information was collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussion and analysis of legal and policy documents.
Hate Speech Law and Equality: A Cautionary Tale for Advocates of “Stirring up Gender Hatred” Offences
Authors: Neller Jen 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDebates about hate speech legislation tend to be dominated by the conflict between freedom of expression on the one hand and freedom from the harms of hatred on the other; it is pervasively claimed that a balance must be struck between these competing interests. This chapter carefully examines this framing of the issue, drawing on parliamentary debates to foreground the classificatory assumptions and power imbalances that are at play in such purportedly neutral balancing exercises. These insights are used to contextualise the question of whether the stirring up hatred offences of England and Wales should be extended to encompass gender hatred. With a focus on the pursuit of intersectional equality, the chapter raises important dynamics that advocates of such offences should consider beyond the headline issue of free speech.
Towards Gender Equality in the Solicitors’ Profession in England and Wales A Practical, Intersectional, Socio-legal Approach
Authors: Winstone Julia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOver 30 years of initiatives to improve the career progression of women in the solicitors’ profession in England and Wales have failed to achieve gender equality in practice. Equality legislation from the 1970s onwards, has still not translated to equality for women solicitors in retention, progression, partnership and equal pay in private practice. Significant numbers of women have entered the profession and remained at junior levels since the 1970s, outnumbering male entrants since 1992-3 and practising men solicitors since 2017. A gap persists between participation rates for men and women, with the number of women active in the profession reducing with age and experience. This chapter presents a practical, intersectional, socio-legal approach to overcome the barriers faced by many women solicitors, based on current issues identified by practising, non-practising solicitors and left professionals. Practical initiatives are developed to effect meaningful change in practice to maximise opportunities available for all.
New Thought on Matsumura–Nishida Theory in the $$L_p$$–$$L_q$$ Maximal Regularity Framework
Authors: Shibata Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis paper is devoted to proving the global well-posedness of initial-boundary value problem for Navier–Stokes equations describing the motion of viscous, compressible, barotropic fluid flows in a three dimensional exterior domain with non-slip boundary conditions. This was first proved by an excellent paper due to Matsumura and Nishida (Commun Math Phys 89:445–464, 1983). In [10], they used energy method and their requirement was that space derivatives of the mass density up to third order and space derivatives of the velocity fields up to fourth order belong to $$L_2$$

L
2

in space-time, detailed statement of Matsumura and Nishida theorem is given in Theorem 1 of Sect. 1 of context. This requirement is essentially used to estimate the $$L_\infty $$

L
∞

norm of necessary order of derivatives in order to enclose the iteration scheme with the help of Sobolev inequalities and also to treat the material derivatives of the mass density. On the other hand, this paper gives the global wellposedness of the same problem as in [10] in $$L_p$$

L
p

($$1 <p \le 2$$

1
<
p
≤
2

) in time and $$L_2\cap L_6$$

L
2

∩

L
6

in space maximal regularity class, which is an improvement of the Matsumura and Nishida theory in [10] from the point of view of the minimal requirement of the regularity of solutions. In fact, after changing the material derivatives to time derivatives by Lagrange transformation, enough estimates obtained by combination of the maximal $$L_p$$

L
p

($$1 <p \le 2$$

1
<
p
≤
2

) in time and $$L_2\cap L_6$$

L
2

∩

L
6

in space regularity and $$L_p$$

L
p

–$$L_q$$

L
q

decay estimate of the Stokes equations with non-slip conditions in the compressible viscous fluid flow case enable us to use the standard Banach’s fixed point argument. Moreover, one of the purposes of this paper is to present a framework to prove the $$L_p$$

L
p

–$$L_q$$

L
q

maximal regularity for parabolic-hyperbolic type equations with non-homogeneous boundary conditions and how to combine the maximal $$L_p$$

L
p

–$$L_q$$

L
q

regularity and $$L_p$$

L
p

–$$L_q$$

L
q

decay estimates of linearized equations to prove the global well-posedness of quasilinear problems in unbounded domains, which gives a new thought of proving the global well-posedness of initial-boundary value problems for systems of parabolic or parabolic-hyperbolic equations appearing in mathematical physics.
Digitale Gesundheitskompetenz von Schülerinnen und Schülern. Ausprägung und Assoziationen mit dem Bewegungs- und Ernährungsverhalten
Authors: Dadaczynski Kevin , Rathmann Katharina , Schricker Julia , Bilz Ludwig , Sudeck Gorden , Fischer Saskia M. , Janiczek Oliver , Quilling Eike 
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Während vermehrt Studienbefunde zur allgemeinen Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) vorliegen, mangelt es an Erkenntnissen zur digitalen GK im Jugendalter und deren Assoziationen mit Indikatoren des Gesundheitsverhaltens.

Methodik
Empirische Basis bildet eine von Oktober 2019 bis Februar 2020 im Bundesland Hessen durchgeführte Querschnittstudie mit 490 Schülerinnen und Schülern der Klassenstufe 8 und 9. Die digitale GK wurde mithilfe von 5 Subskalen des Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) erfasst, während der Verzehr von Obst, Gemüse und Softdrinks sowie die körperliche Aktivität als Indikatoren des Gesundheitsverhaltens herangezogen wurden. Als soziales Merkmal wurde neben dem Geschlecht und der Klassenstufe der subjektive Sozialstatus (SSS) berücksichtigt. Die Datenauswertung erfolgte uni-, bi- und multivariat, wobei binärlogistische Regressionen für das Geschlecht und den SSS adjustiert wurden.

Ergebnisse
Über alle Items hinweg berichten 15,3–37,5 % der befragten Jugendlichen Schwierigkeiten bei der Beschaffung von und im Umgang mit digitalen Informationen. Differenziert nach sozialen Merkmalen finden sich für 2 Dimensionen der digitalen GK Unterschiede zuungunsten der Mädchen sowie durchgehend ein sozialer Gradient zuungunsten von Befragten mit niedrigem SSS. Jugendliche mit mittlerer und geringer digitaler GK weisen ein höheres Maß an geringer körperlicher Aktivität, nichttäglichem Obstverzehr und täglichem Konsum von zuckerhaltigen Getränken auf.

Diskussion
Die Befunde weisen auf einen Interventionsbedarf zur Förderung der digitalen GK insbesondere bei Jugendlichen mit geringem SSS hin. Die differenziellen Zusammenhangsmuster mit dem Gesundheitsverhalten bieten Ansatzpunkte für die Entwicklung spezifischer Interventionen. Als Lehr- und Lernort stellt die Schule u. a. aufgrund der Passung mit verpflichtenden Strategien der schulischen Medienkompetenzbildung ein geeignetes Setting dar.
ZSE-DUO – duale Lotsenstruktur im Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen
Authors: Schippers C. , Volk D. , de Zwaan M. , Deckert J. , Dieris-Hirche J. , Herpertz S. , Schulz J. B. , Hebestreit H. ,   ZSE-DUO Arbeitsgruppe
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundPatienten mit unklarer Diagnose und Verdacht auf eine Seltene Erkrankung stellen unter anderem Ärzte vor besondere Herausforderungen.Ziel der Arbeit (Fragestellung)Das ZSE-DUO-Projekt will herausfinden, ob die gemeinsame Patientenbetreuung durch einen somatischen Arzt und einen Arzt für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie oder Arzt für psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie die diagnostische Trennschärfe verbessern und die Zeit bis zur Diagnosestellung verkürzen kann.Material und MethodenIn ZSE-DUO ist die Rekrutierung von über 1000 Patienten an elf nationalen Zentren für Seltene Erkrankungen in einer Kontroll- und einer Interventionsgruppe gelungen. Drei evaluierende Einrichtungen führen derzeit eine Auswertung durch.Ergebnisse und DiskussionDie Studie befindet sich derzeit in der Abschlussphase. Die Ergebnisse werden in weiteren Publikationen veröffentlicht.
The modified Manchester Fothergill procedure compared with vaginal hysterectomy with low uterosacral ligament suspension in patients with pelvic organ prolapse: long-term outcome
Authors: Enklaar Rosa A. , Knapen Femke M. F. M. , Schulten Sascha F. M. , van Osch Liesbeth A. D. M. , van Leijsen Sanne A. L. , Gondrie Ed T. C. M. , Weemhoff Mirjam 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
The objective of this study was to compare the long-term outcome between vaginal hysterectomy with low uterosacral ligament suspension (VH) and the modified Manchester Fothergill procedure (MF) as surgical treatment in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We hypothesize that MF is non-inferior to VH in the long term.

Methods
In this single-center retrospective cohort study patients who underwent MF or VH for primary apical compartment prolapse between 2003 and 2009 were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome was subjective recurrence of POP. Secondary outcomes included number and type of reinterventions, time to reintervention and the degree of complaints.

Results
One hundred sixty of 398 patients (53 MF, 107 VH) returned the questionnaires (40%). The mean follow-up was 12.97 years for MF and 13.24 years for VH (p = 0.38). There were similar rates of subjective POP recurrence (51% in both groups). The reintervention rate in the MF group was higher but reached no statistical significance [19/53 (36%) versus 29/107 (27%), p = 0.26]. Kaplan-Meier curve showed no statistically significant difference in risk of reintervention after MF at the maximum follow-up of 16.5 years [HR 1.830 (95% CI 0.934–3.586), p = 0.08]. The mean time to reintervention was 3 years shorter in the MF group (p = 0.03).

Conclusions
The subjective recurrence after MF is similar to VH in treatment of POP at the long term. MF appears to be non-inferior to VH when comparing the risk of reintervention. However, the small sample size precludes a definitive conclusion of non-inferiority, and future studies are needed.