bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and application of counter‐current feed injection technology in riser reactors
Authors: Yan Zihan , Fan Yiping , Lu Chunxi , Liu Mengxi , Chen Sheng , Xu Chunming , Bi Xiaotao 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA counter‐current feed injection scheme is proposed to improve the jet‐solid mixing and reaction in the injection zone of riser reactors. By analyzing the characteristics of the coupled flow field, combined with experiments and numerical simulation, the advantages of the new injection technology are investigated. Experimental results show that the particles distribute more uniformly when the feed is injected downward, which is good for the mixing and reaction of the jet with particles. By simulating the reaction in an industrial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser, it is found that the yields of gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are increased significantly by using the counter‐current feed injection structure. Simultaneously, the formation of coke is reduced considerably. On this basis, a riser‐fluidized bed coupled reactor was designed by adopting the proposed counter‐current feed injection technology to solve the coking problem in an industrial pyridine synthesis system. Results from the side‐stream sampling show that the carbon content of the catalyst reduces significantly, indicating a decrease in coke formation. By now, the improved industrial reactor has been in stable operation for 2 years, showing good reliability.
Coalescence‐induced jumping of microdroplets on superhydrophobic surfaces—A numerical study
Authors: Konstantinidis Konstantinos , Göhl Johan , Mark Andreas , Sasic Srdjan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractWe develop a numerical framework for simulating the coalescence and jumping of microdroplets on superhydrophobic surfaces. The framework combines the volume of fluid (VOF) method with models for advancing and receding contact angles on a number of superhydrophobic surfaces. We demonstrate the temporal and spatial convergence of the framework and show agreement between our numerical results and other experimental studies. The capillary‐inertial scaling is investigated together with the existence of a cut‐off behaviour frequently observed in the lower size‐range of that regime. We investigate findings in some of the previous studies that the cut‐off behaviour can be attributed to viscosity effects and dissipation due to interaction with surface microstructures. We exemplify specific features related to the jumping process and the corresponding energy budget analysis when microdroplets coalesce and jump. We have tested droplets of a radius as small as 0.5 μm that are still jumping but recorded a decrease in the jumping velocity and the degree of energy conversion compared to the jumping of larger droplets. We argue and prove that strong capillary forces originating from the high curvature oscillations dissipate the energy of the system significantly faster in the case of microdroplets.
Kinetic and mechanistic aspects of furfural degradation in biorefineries
Authors: Almhofer Lukas , Bischof Robert H. , Madera Martin , Paulik Christian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFurfural is one of the most promising platform chemicals for a future biobased industry and can already be produced from renewable raw materials. However, its production processes suffer from yield loss and fouling problems due to degradation reactions. To increase our understanding of furfural stability, we investigated the kinetics of its degradation (i) without acid catalyst and (ii) in 10 different acids that are frequently used in biomass processing or that are naturally present in biomass hydrolysates. The batch experiments were conducted in a parallel minireactor setup at temperatures ranging from 125 to 200°C. The results showed that acid‐catalyzed furfural degradation reactions depend mainly on acid strength and give rise to a set of common degradation products (formic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvate, etc.). Sulphurous acid and lignosulphonic acid led to greater furfural degradation than expected, which appears to be driven by specific side reactions. Adding formic acid, in contrast, led to a lower degradation rate than expected. In general, we observed two distinct, competing degradation mechanisms. Selectivity for formic acid as a degradation product depends on temperature, furfural concentration, and the presence of an acid catalyst. A more detailed study of the formic acid yielding reaction showed it to be reversible, and we provide the first quantitative description of this reaction for any furan. The proposed kinetic model, together with the results presented, contributes to the development of more efficient furfural production processes.
Adiponectin serum level is an independent and incremental predictor of all‐cause mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Walpot Jeroen , van Herck Paul , Collas Valerie , Bossaerts Liene , Van de Heyning Caroline M. , Vandendriessche Tom , Heidbuchel Hein , Rodrigus Inez , De Block Christophe , Small Gary R. , Bosmans Johan 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundQuantifiable biomarkers may be useful for a better risk and frailty assessment of patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).HypothesisTo determine if adiponectin serum concentration predicts all‐cause mortality in patients undergoing TAVI.Methods77 consecutive patients, undergoing TAVI, were analyzed. The CT axial slices at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra were used to measure the psoas muscle area, and its low‐density muscle fraction (LDM (%)). To assess the operative risk, the STS (Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality) score, Log. Euroscore, and Euroscore II were determined. A clinical frailty assessment was performed. ELISA kits were used to measure adiponectin serum levels. We searched for a correlation between serum adiponectin concentration and all‐cause mortality after TAVI.ResultsThe mean age was 80.8 ± 7.4 years. All‐cause mortality occurred in 22 patients. The mean follow‐up was 1779 days (range: 1572–1825 days). Compared with patients with the lowest adiponectin level, patients in the third tertile had a hazards ratio of all‐cause mortality after TAVI of 4.155 (95% CI: 1.364–12.655) (p = .004). In the multivariable model, including STS score, vascular access of TAVI procedure, LDM (%), and adiponectin serum concentration, serum adiponectin level, and LDM(%) were independent predictors of all‐cause mortality after TAVI (p = .178, .303, .042, and .017, respectively). Adiponectin level was a predictor of all‐cause mortality in females and males (p = .012 and 0.024, respectively).ConclusionAdiponectin serum level is an independent and incremental predictor of all‐cause mortality in patients undergoing TAVI.
Value of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with newly diagnosed, CD5‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: A multicenter retrospective study of the Huaihai Lymphoma Working Group
Authors: Ma Sha , Zhang Bingpei , Lu Tianyi , Li Dashan , Li Tianci , Shen Ziyuan , He Chenlu , Wang Ying , Li Bingzong , Zhang Hao , Gu Weiying , Wang Chunling , Ye Jingjing , Zhu Taigang , Miao Yuqing , Wang Ling , Huang Shuiping , Liu Qinhua , Sang Wei ,   the Huaihai Lymphoma Working Group
Published: August 2022

BackgroundCD5‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically rare subtype of DLBCL with aggressive clinical manifestations and a poor prognosis. It has been demonstrated that the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), an indicator of nutritional status and systemic inflammation, is a significant prognostic factor for several types of lymphoma. The objective of this multicenter retrospective study was to explore the prognostic value of the PNI in patients with CD5‐positive DLBCL.MethodsIn total, 207 patients with CD5‐positive DLBCL were recruited from 11 centers of the Huaihai Lymphoma Working Group. Maximally selected rank statistics analysis was used to identify optimal cutoff points for the PNI. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for univariable and multivariable analyses. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to calculate survival rates and draw survival curves, and the log‐rank test was used to compare differences between groups.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 61 years, and the 5‐year overall survival rate was 47.5%. According to the maximally selected rank statistics analysis, a score of 49.7 was the optimal cutoff point for the PNI. Subgroup analysis showed that the PNI could re‐stratify patients in BCL‐2–negative, MYC‐negative, high‐intermediate–risk and high‐risk International Prognostic Index, BCL‐6–positive and BCL‐6–negative, high Ki‐67 score (≥0.9), Ann Arbor stage III/IV, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2, and germinal center B subgroups. Multivariable analysis revealed that PNI, age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, albumin level, and red blood cell count were independent prognostic factors for CD5‐positive DLBCL.ConclusionsThe PNI was a significant prognostic indicator for CD5‐positive DLBCL and was able to re‐stratify the prognosis for clinicopathologic subgroups of patients with CD5‐positive DLBCL.
Ru anchored on Mo@MoOx nanowires as self‐supported electrocatalysts for efficient hydrogen production in alkaline media
Authors: Wang Lanlan , Liu Zhengpeng , Zhang Jian 
Published: August 2022

AbstractRu‐based materials are expected to be a promising alternative to commercial Pt/C for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but they still suffer from large overpotential and low mass activity in alkaline medium. Here, we reported Ru (∼0.24 wt%) anchored on the Mo@MoOx nanowires (Ru−Mo@MoOx) as an efficient alkaline HER electrocatalyst. The Ru−Mo@MoOx nanowires exhibit a considerably low overpotential of only 16 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of ∼30 mV dec−1 in a 1 M KOH aqueous solution, which outperform those for commercial Pt/C and most reported Ru‐based electrocatalysts. Electrochemical and structural investigations reveal that Mo@MoOx support can modulate electronic structure of Ru active sites, leading to the optimizations of adsorption and dissociation for H2O. Meanwhile the improved electron and mass transfer also contribute to the HER performance. The water electrolyzer using Ru−Mo@MoOx as the cathode afford a stable voltage of ∼1.47 V to deliver 10 mA cm−2.
Prognostic factors for cancer‐specific survival in 220 patients with breast cancer: A single center experience
Authors: Tarlan Mitra , Khazaei Sedigheh , Madani Seyed Hamid , Saleh Elaheh 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectivesHospital‐based breast cancer survival studies are scarce in western Iran. Furthermore, the relationship between breast cancer survival and clinical parameters has been extensively studied, but many of the findings come from developing countries. This paper aims to estimate the survival of hospital‐based breast cancer patients and its predictor factors.MethodThis retrospective analysis was conducted on 578 patients with primary breast cancer who underwent surgery between 2004 and 2020. Information was collected from medical reports by the Hospital information system in Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah, Iran. One‐, 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐year breast cancer‐specific survival has been calculated using the Kaplan–Meier process. Crude and adjusted Hazard Ratios (HR) were calculated using the Cox proportional regression model.ResultOne‐, 2‐, and 5‐year overall breast cancer survival were 219 (99.54%), 196 (89.09%), 159 (72.27%), and 70 (31.81%), respectively. Univariate analysis of breast cancer patients with tumor‐related variables revealed that factors such as age, menopause status, lymph node metastasis, number of lymph nodes, organ metastasis, and stage of disease were significantly associated with disease‐specific survival (p < .05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that metastasis (HR = 41.77, 95% CI: 15.3–114.15) and lymph node metastasis (HR = 5.26, 95% CI: 1.9–14.6) were significantly related to survival.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that survival is relatively low and is consistent with late‐stage disease diagnosis. It is believed that this is due to a poor level of awareness, lack of screening programs, and subsequent late access to treatment.
A pilot clinical and radiographic study on the association between periodontitis and serious COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Gardelis Panagiotis , Zekeridou Alkisti , Suh Noemie , Le Terrier Christophe , Stavropoulos Andreas , Giannopoulou Catherine 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundDuring the pandemic of COVID‐19, the scientific community tried to identify the risk factors that aggravate the viral infection. Oral health and specifically periodontitis have been shown to have a significant impact on overall health. Current, yet limited, evidence suggests a link between periodontal status and severity of COVID‐19 infection.ObjectivesThe present pilot study aimed to assess whether younger patients (≤60 years) that have been hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) for severe COVID‐19 infection were susceptible to severe periodontitis.Material and MethodsAll dentate patients ≤60 years of age diagnosed with COVID‐19 and surviving hospitalization in the ICU were considered for inclusion. Susceptibility to periodontitis was determined by assessing radiographic bone loss (RBL) in recent dental radiographs (posterior bitewings, periapical, and panoramic X‐rays). RBL in % was obtained from the most affected tooth and patients were classified into: Stage I, RBL ≤ 15%; Stage II, RBL = 15%−33% and Stage III/IV, RBL ≥ 33%. The grade was defined using the RBL to age ratio on the most severely affected tooth. Patients were attributed to: Grade A, ratio <0.25; Grade B, ratio 0.25−1 and Grade C, ratio >1. Patients classified into Stage III/IV and Grade C were considered highly susceptible to periodontitis.ResultsOf 87 eligible patients, 30 patients were finally assessed radiographically and/or clinically; from the remaining 57 patients, 16 refused participation for various reasons and 41 could not be reached. Based on the radiographic assessment, all patients were periodontally compromised. Half of them were classified with Stage III/IV and Grade B or C; 26.7% were classified with Stage III/IV and Grade C.ConclusionsThe present pilot study showed that about half of the patients suffering from severe forms of COVID‐19 infection in need of ICU admission suffered also from severe periodontitis, and about one‐fourth of them were highly susceptible to it.
FNAC study of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (localized tenosynovial giant cell tumor): Clinico‐radiological correlation and cytopathological features
Authors: Aden Durre , Khalid Saifullah , Zaheer Sufian , Dinkar Amit Kumar , Singh Mukul , Ranga Sunil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundLocalized tenosynovial giant cell tumor (GCT) or giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS), is a benign nodular lesion that arises from the synovium of the tendon sheath of the hands and foot. GCTTS is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells and proliferation of synovial‐like mononuclear cells. A clinical diagnosis of GCTTS is kept as a differential when a firm, nodular mass shows decreased signal intensity on both T1‐and T2‐weighted MR imaging. Treatment is usually marginal excision of the mass.Material and MethodsIt is a retrospective study, observed in the past 3 years at a tertiary care hospital. Those cases were included in the study in which histopathological confirmation was available or if clinico‐radiological features were confirmatory of the diagnosis of GCTTS when correlated with cytological features.ResultsThere was a total of 24 cases, out of which 16 were females and 8 males. The tumor was located in the upper limb in 21 cases and in 3 cases the tumor was present in the lower limb. In the upper limb, 18 cases were on the right side and three cases were on the left side. In the lower limb, 1 case was present on the left and 2 on the right side. The cytomorphology consisted of mononuclear stromal cells, multinucleated giant cells, and hemosiderin‐laden macrophages in variable numbers.ConclusionIt is important to accurately diagnose and categorize giant cell‐containing lesions because their prognosis depends on the exact categorization of the tumor.
Corticogenesis across species at single‐cell resolution
Authors: Park Seon Hye E. , Ortiz Ana K. , Konopka Genevieve 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe neocortex (or pallium) consists of diverse cell types that are organized in a highly species‐specific manner under strict spatiotemporal control during development. Many of the cell types are present transiently throughout development but contribute to permanent species‐specific cortical features that are acquired through evolution. Therefore, capturing cell type‐specific biological information has always been an important quest in the field of neurodevelopment. The progress in achieving fine cellular resolution has been slow due to technical challenges. However, with recent advancements in single‐cell and multi‐omics technologies, many laboratories have begun to successfully interrogate cellular and molecular mechanisms driving corticogenesis at single‐cell resolution. In this review, we provide summarized results from many primary publications and several in‐depth review articles that utilize or address single‐cell genomics techniques to understand important topics, such as cellular and molecular mechanisms governing cortical progenitor proliferation, cell lineage progression, neuronal specification, and arealization, across multiple gyrencephalic (i.e., human and non‐human primates) and lissencephalic species (i.e., mouse, reptiles, and songbirds). We also examine findings from recent studies involving epigenomic and posttranscriptional regulation of corticogenesis. In the discussion section, we provide our insights on the challenges the field currently faces as well as promising future applications of single cell technologies.
Development of fiber‐optic pressure sensor utilizing magneto‐optical effect
Authors: Miyamoto Mitsunori , Aiba Tetsuya , Sue Satoshi , Kubo Toshiya 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDue to the optical fiber have a small diameter and it can propagate light efficiently, it is possible to realize ultra‐compact remote sensors. We have invented to the fiber‐optic pressure sensor utilizes magneto‐optical effect with polarized light, ring‐type interferometer and a magnetic material, in order to propose the pressure measurement system which can measure in vivo or in harsh environments. We have confirmed that the prototype sensor based on magneto‐optical effect was possible to detect pressures in range of −4 to +40 kPa.
Pen‐type pulse wave measurement system for detecting pathological changes in cardiac diseases
Authors: Yamada Kosei , Watatani Kazuki , Terao Kyohei , Shimokawa Fusao , Takao Hidekuni 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this study, we have developed a new pen‐type pulse wave measurement system to evaluate heart failure treatment based on cardiovascular information. In order to acquire minute pathological changes in diseases such as heart failure, the pen‐type pulse wave measurement system is equipped with a high‐resolution MEMS tactile sensor that achieves a displacement resolution of 0.4 μm and an input resolution of 50μN. This measurement system consists of a small sensor package, a pen‐type measurement system, and a glass sensor package to enable physicians to measure the radial artery of men and women of all ages in a minimally invasive, rapid, and precise manner. Realizing this measurement system, simple and precise pulse wave measurement by direct measurement and measurement of pulse wave characteristics for individual differences has been possible.
Access to Ketones through Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Phenol Derivatives with Nitroalkanes Followed by Nef Reaction
Authors: He Xiaoyu , Hu Sengui , Xiao Yuxuan , Yu Lin , Duan Wengui 
Published: August 2022

AbstractA practical protocol for the synthesis of ketones by Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of phenol derivatives with nitroalkanes followed by a Nef‐type reaction has been developed. The readily available nitroalkanes served as alkyl nucleophiles under basic conditions to couple with easy‐to‐handle phenol derivatives derived from naturally abundant phenols. The avoidance of using organometallics and organic halides makes this protocol more sustainable. The reaction was compatible with various functional groups, including nitro, cyano, acetyl, aldehyde, halide, and ester groups. Furthermore, the successful application of our method in drug synthesis exemplified its synthetic potential in pharmaceutical sciences. Preliminary mechanistic investigations strongly suggested the possible involvement of α‐aryl‐substituted nitroalkane intermediates.
Sequential Base‐Promoted Formal [4+2] Allenoate Based Cycloaddition: Synthesis of Functionalized Acridines
Authors: Shirazian Toktam S. , Tejeneki Hossein Zahedian , Nikbakht Ali , Rominger Frank , Balalaie Saeed 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBase‐promoted formal [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of (Z)‐2‐(2‐hydroxy‐2‐alkylvinyl)quinoline‐3‐carbaldehydes and allenoates represents an efficient method for the synthesis of functionalized acridines through a sequential Michael addition, aldol condensation, and isomerization process in a mild condition. This new approach tolerates a wide range of (Z)‐2‐(2‐hydroxy‐2‐alkylvinyl)quinoline‐3‐carbaldehydes and allenoates and affords the functionalized acridines in good to excellent yields. The exclusive selectivity, high atom economy, and high bond‐formation efficiency of this method makes it a valuable approach for the synthesis of acridine backbones.
Selective Electrochemical Detection of Explosives with Nanomaterial Based Electrodes
Authors: Apak Reşat , Üzer Ayşem , Sağlam Şener , Arman Aysu 
Published: August 2022

AbstractExplosive detection technologies play a critical role in maintaining national security, remain an active research field with many devices and analytical/electroanalytical techniques. Analytical chemistry needs for homeland defense against terrorism make it clear that real‐time and on‐site detection of explosives and chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are in urgent demand. Thus, current detection techniques for explosives have to be improved in terms of sensitivity and selectivity, opening the way to electrochemical devices suitable to obtain the targeted analytical information in a simpler, cheaper and faster way. For the electrochemical determination of energetic substances, a large number of sensor electrodes have been presented in literature using different modification materials, especially displaying higher selectivity with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). MIPs have already been utilized for the detection of hazardous materials due to their mechanical strength, flexibility, long‐time storage and low cost. The sensitivity of MIP‐based electrosensors can be enhanced by coupling with nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GOx), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), or nanoparticles (NPs). Specific characteristics of involved nanomaterials, their modification, detection mechanism, and other analytical aspects are discussed in detail. Non‐MIP electrosensors are generally functionalized with materials capable of charge transfer, H‐bonding or electrostatic interactions with analytes for pre‐concentration and electrocatalysis on their surface, whereas nanobio‐electrosensors use analyte‐selective aptamers having specific sequences of DNA, peptides or proteins to change the potential or current. This review intends to provide a combination of information related to MIPs and nanomaterial‐based electrochemical sensors, limited to the most significant and illustrative work recently published.