bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Neonatal Mortality and its Associated Factors: A Meta-analysis of Demographic and Health Survey Data from 21 Developing Countries
Authors: Islam Md. Akhtarul , Butt Zahid A. , Sathi Nusrat Jahan 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNeonatal mortality is high in developing countries, and reducing neonatal mortality is an indispensable part of the third Sustainable Development Goal. This study estimated the prevalence of neonatal mortality and the impact of maternal education, economic status, and utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services on neonatal mortality in developing countries. We used a cross-sectional study design to integrate data from 21 developing countries to acquire a wider perspective on neonatal mortality. A meta-analysis was conducted using the latest Demographic and Health Survey data from 21 developing countries. In addition, sensitivity analysis was adopted to assess the stability of the meta-analysis. The random-effects model indicated that women with higher education were less likely to experience neonatal death than mothers with up to primary education (odds ratio [OR] 0.820, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.740–0.910). Women with higher socioeconomic status were less likely to experience neonatal death than mothers with lower socioeconomic status (OR 0.823, 95% CI 0.747–0.908). Mothers with ANC were less likely to experience neonatal death than those with no ANC (OR 0.374, 95% CI 0.323–0.433). Subgroup analysis showed that maternal education and ANC were more effective in Asian countries. In this study, mothers’ lower educational level, poor economic status, and lack of ANC were statistically significant factors associated with neonatal death in developing countries. The effect of these factors on neonatal death differed in different regions.
Responding to Repeated Disasters: Time to Recovery in Public Health Workers
Authors: Mash Holly B. Herberman , Fullerton Carol S. , Morganstein Joshua C. , Liu Alexander G. , Vance Mary C. , Wang Leming , Mullins-Hussain Britany , Ursano Robert J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objective:
In times of repeated disaster events, including natural disasters and pandemics, public health workers must recover rapidly to respond to subsequent events. Understanding predictors of time to recovery and developing predictive models of time to recovery can aid planning and management.

Methods:
We examined 681 public health workers (21-72 y, M(standard deviation [SD]) = 48.25(10.15); 79% female) 1 mo before (T1) and 9 mo after (T2) the 2005 hurricane season. Demographics, trauma history, social support, time to recover from previous hurricane season, and predisaster work productivity were assessed at T1. T2 assessed previous disaster work, initial emotional response, and personal hurricane injury/damage. The primary outcome was time to recover from the most recent hurricane event.

Results:
Multivariate analyses found that less support (T1; odds ratio [OR] = .74[95% confidence interval [CI] = .60-.92]), longer previous recovery time (T1; OR = 5.22[95%CI = 3.01-9.08]), lower predisaster work productivity (T1; OR = 1.98[95%CI = 1.08-3.61]), disaster-related personal injury/damage (T2; OR = 3.08[95%CI = 1.70-5.58]), and initial emotional response (T2; OR = 1.71[95%CI = 1.34-2.19]) were associated with longer recovery time (T2).

Conclusions:
Recovery time was adversely affected in disaster responders with a history of longer recovery time, personal injury/damage, lower work productivity following prior hurricanes, and initial emotional response, whereas responders with social support had shorter recovery time. Predictors of recovery time should be a focus for disaster preparedness planners.
Characteristics, recent evolution, and ongoing retreat of Hunt Fjord Ice Shelf, northern Greenland
Authors: Ochwat Naomi , Scambos Ted , Fahnestock Mark , Stammerjohn Sharon 
Published: June 2022

AbstractArctic ice shelves have declined over the past several decades, one of many indications of a rapidly changing cryosphere. Here we use a collection of off-nadir Landsat 8 images, a 1978 digital orthophotograph and photogrammetrically derived DEM, satellite altimetry and other data to examine the causes of an Arctic ice-shelf retreat in northernmost Greenland, the Hunt Fjord Ice Shelf (HFIS). HFIS has several distinct provenance regions comprised of glacier-derived ice and corrugated multi-decadal fast ice, with varying ice thicknesses (5–64 m). Available imagery shows little change in HFIS between 1978 and 2012, after which several midsummer calving events occurred (2012, 2016 and 2019) that reduced the HFIS by 42.5 km2 (~56%). Shelf area losses began as the number of surface melt days on the adjacent ice sheet more than doubled relative to the 1980s. Recent calving events also occurred during open-water periods at the ice-shelf front. Prior to mid-2012, there were no calving events during similar open-water periods. HFIS tributary glaciers have thinned by 3–20 m near their grounding zones, and may have accelerated since the 1980s, likely due to increased basal melting from contact with warm Atlantic Water.
Ice-rich slurries can account for the remarkably low friction of ice skates
Authors: Lever James H. , Lines Austin P. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIce skates are remarkably slippery across a wide range of conditions. We propose, based on earlier observations and new modeling, that an ice-rich slurry forms rapidly beneath a skate blade during each stride to lubricate the interface. Crushing from normal load and abrasion from sliding provide ice particles and heat to the slurry, with average contact pressures approaching melting pressures for the bulk ice. Shearing of the slurry by forward motion generates additional heat to melt the ice particles at the pressure-reduced temperature. We model these mechanics and link the viscosity of the resulting slurry to its ice fraction, which controls slurry-film thickness via lateral squeeze-flow. The slurry properties quickly converge to establish a highly efficient lubricating film that provides the characteristically low skate friction across a wide range of conditions. Although our 1D model greatly simplifies the complex interaction mechanics, its predictions are insensitive to most assumptions other than the average contact pressure. The presence of ice-rich slurries supporting skates merges pressure-melting, crushing, abrasion and lubricating films as a unified hypothesis for why skates are so slippery across broad ranges of speeds, temperatures and normal loads.
Late Holocene hydroclimatic history of the Galilee Mountains from sedimentary records of the Sea of Galilee, Israel
Authors: Williams Abigail , Ito Emi , Mischke Steffen , Palchan Daniel , Sandler Amir , Stein Mordechai , Almogi-Labin Ahuva 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDetrital sediments of the Sea of Galilee are predominantly pedogenic products of settled dust and local bedrocks transported from Upper Galilee and the Golan Heights. Using the mineralogy, chemistry, and Nd and Sr isotope ratios of the core LK12-22 collected offshore of the Ginosar valley and of contemporaneous soils from the Nahal Tzalmon and Nahal Amud catchments, we reconstructed Late Holocene regional hydroclimate. The core samples span ɛNd isotope values of −6 to −2 and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7075 to 0.7077 between the isotope fields of the Terra rossa soils and basaltic soils. Sediments from the drier Iron Age and Arabic and Ottoman periods are closer in Nd-Sr isotope ratios of the basaltic soils, while those of the wetter Middle to Late Bronze and Roman–Byzantine periods are closer to the Terra rossa soils, reflecting enhanced mobilization of sediments from the Tzalmon catchment where Terra rossa–type soils accumulated. This result corroborates other regional data that indicate semiarid to temperate conditions in the south Levant during most of the Late Holocene. Wetter conditions over the Galilee Mountains and the Ginosar valley catchment during the Roman period could have promoted the flourishing farming-fishing society that heralded the rise of Christianity.
The Collaboration of the Argentine Military Dictatorship with the Governments of Guatemala and Honduras in their ‘Fight against Subversion’ (1980–3)
Authors: Rostica Julieta Carla 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThis article addresses one of the instances of the transnationalisation of state terrorism that took place at the end of the Cold War in Latin America. It examines the collaboration of the Argentine military dictatorship with the governments of Guatemala and Honduras in their ‘fight against subversion’ (1980–3) through previously unexplored archives. It presents the different degrees and forms of inter-governmental collaboration, the people responsible, the time frame, and the institutions, seeking to elaborate on the role of this collaboration in the repressive processes of each nation's historical experience. In general terms, this article contributes to transnational studies of the right wing during the recent history of the Latin American Cold War.
Collision-free trajectory planning for multi-robot simultaneous motion in preforms weaving
Authors: Xu Gaoping , Meng Zhuo , Li Shuo , Sun Yize 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, an automatic obstacle avoidance trajectory planning strategy is proposed for the simultaneous motion of multi-robots, which perform anthropomorphic skill operations in a large curved preformed three-dimensional (3D) weaving environment with multiple obstacles and limited space, to eliminate tedious manual calibration work of robot path in engineering. Firstly, an Adaptive Goal-guided Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (AGG-RRT) algorithm is proposed, combined with the robot obstacle avoidance strategy, to search the discrete position of the collision-free path of the end-effector gradually from the starting point to the ending point. Then the optimization of the path is completed by bidirectional pruning of redundant nodes and cubic non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curve fitting. And finally, the robot trajectory is interpolated based on S-shaped acceleration/deceleration planning to ensure smooth robot joint motion. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the AGG-RRT algorithm over the basic RRT algorithm and related improved algorithms in terms of search time and success rate. The simulated experiments also achieve the smooth trajectory planning of multiple robotic arms with the synchronous obstacle avoidance motion, which shows that the AGG-RRT algorithm is successfully applied and the collision-free trajectory planning strategy is effective.
Efficient Lifting of Symmetry Breaking Constraints for Complex Combinatorial Problems
Authors: TARZARIOL ALICE , SCHEKOTIHIN KONSTANTIN , GEBSER MARTIN , LAW MARK 
Published: June 2022

AbstractMany industrial applications require finding solutions to challenging combinatorial problems. Efficient elimination of symmetric solution candidates is one of the key enablers for high-performance solving. However, existing model-based approaches for symmetry breaking are limited to problems for which a set of representative and easily solvable instances is available, which is often not the case in practical applications. This work extends the learning framework and implementation of a model-based approach for Answer Set Programming to overcome these limitations and address challenging problems, such as the Partner Units Problem. In particular, we incorporate a new conflict analysis algorithm in the Inductive Logic Programming system ILASP, redefine the learning task, and suggest a new example generation method to scale up the approach. The experiments conducted for different kinds of Partner Units Problem instances demonstrate the applicability of our approach and the computational benefits due to the first-order constraints learned.
Database on mineral mediated carbon reduction: implications for future research
Authors: Prakash Medha , Weber Jessica M. , Rodriguez Laura E. , Sheppard Rachel Y. , Barge Laura M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractCarbon reduction is an important process for Earth-like origins of life events and of great interest to the astrobiology community. In this paper, we have collected experimental results, field work and modelling data on CO and CO2reduction in order to summarize the research that has been carried out particularly in relation to the early Earth and Mars. By having a database of this work, researchers will be able to clearly survey the parameters tested and find knowledge gaps wherein more experimentation would be most beneficial. We focused on reviewing the modelling parameters, field work and laboratory conditions relevant to Mars and the early Earth. We highlight important areas addressed as well as suggest future work needed, including identifying relevant parameters to test in both laboratory and modelling work. We also discuss the utility of organizing research results in such a database in astrobiology.
Tidally Modulated Temperature Observed Atop a Drillsite at the Noho Hydrothermal Site, Mid‐Okinawa Trough
Authors: Kinoshita Masataka , Kitada Kazuya , Nozaki Tatsuo 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe observed temperature variations over 10 months within a Kuroko ore (hydrothermal sulfide) cultivation apparatus installed atop a 50‐m‐deep borehole drilled in the Noho hydrothermal system in the mid‐Okinawa Trough, southwestern Japan, for monitoring of hydrothermal fluids and in situ mineral precipitation experiments. Temperature and pressure in the apparatus fluctuated with the tidal period immediately after its installation. Initially, the average temperature was 75–76°C and the amplitude of the semidiurnal tidal temperature modulation was ∼0.3°C. Four months later, the amplitude of tidal temperature modulation had gradually increased to 4°C in synchrony with an average temperature decrease to ∼40°C. Numerical modeling showed that both the increase in tidal amplitude and the decrease in average temperature were attributable to a gradual decrease in inflow to the apparatus, which promoted conductive cooling through the pipe wall. The reduced inflow was probably caused by clogging inside the apparatus, but we cannot rule out a natural cause, because the drilling would have significantly decreased the volume of hot fluid in the reservoir. The temperature fluctuation phase lagged the pressure fluctuation phase by ∼150°. Assuming that the fluctuations originated from inflow from the reservoir, we conducted 2D numerical hydrothermal modeling for a poroelastic medium. To generate the 150° phase lag, the permeability in the reservoir needed to exceed that in the ambient formation by ∼three orders of magnitude. The tidal variation phase can be a useful tool for assessing the hydrological state and response of a hydrothermal system.
Climatology, Seasonality, and Trends of Spatially Coherent Ocean Eddies
Authors: Martínez‐Moreno Josué , Hogg Andrew McC. , England Matthew H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractOcean eddies influence regional and global climate by mixing and transporting heat, carbon, nutrients, and other properties. One of the most recognizable and ubiquitous features of oceanic variability are mesoscale eddies (vortices and meanders/jets) with spatial scales of tens to hundreds of kilometers. Vortices resemble Gaussian‐like features in sea surface height which locally affect near‐surface wind, cloud properties, and rainfall patterns; we refer to these Gaussian‐like eddies as spatially coherent eddies. Although spatially coherent eddies are ubiquitous, their climatology, seasonality, and long‐term temporal evolution is yet to be explored. Here, we examine the kinetic energy (KE) contained in spatially coherent eddies and present their temporal variability using satellite observations between 1993 and 2020. Around half of the transient KE contained by eddies corresponds to spatially coherent eddies. A strong seasonal cycle is observed in the spatially coherent eddy field, and correlates with the wind forcing at time‐lags of 3–6 months. The seasonal correlation between wind forcing and spatially coherent eddies with diameters smaller than 120 km is faster (∼3 months), than that of coherent eddies with larger diameters (∼6 months). These lags between different spatially coherent eddy scales are consistent with the transfer of energy from small to large scales (inverse energy cascade). Our analysis highlights the relative importance of the spatially coherent eddy field in the KE budget, revealing a lagged response between the spatially coherent eddy and forcing at different time‐scales, and showcases the seasonality, and multidecadal trends of coherent eddy properties over the global ocean.
Plio‐Pleistocene Ocean Circulation Changes in the Gulf of Alaska and Its Impacts on the Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles and the Cordilleran Ice Sheet Development
Authors: Sánchez Montes Maria Luisa , Romero Oscar E. , Cowan Ellen A. , Müller Juliane , Moy Christopher M. , Lloyd Jeremy M. , McClymont Erin L. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe modern Gulf of Alaska (GOA) is a Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) region, estimated to be important for nutrient cycling and CO2 exchange. Little is known of the GOA evolution over the Pliocene and Pleistocene as well as its impact on the CIS development, when other evidence for changing North Pacific circulation has emerged. We analyzed Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 341 Site U1417 sediments, which extend through the Plio‐Pleistocene transition (4–1.7 Ma), focusing on productivity‐related biomarkers (alkenones, brassicasterol), siliceous microfossils and bulk carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Our results show two dominant water column regimes: one characterized by high silica and low organic matter (OM) preservation, containing microorganism remains from a mix of habitats (4–3.7 Ma) and a second characterized by low biogenic silica and increased OM preservation of microorganisms from dominantly open ocean habitats (3.33–3.32 Ma and 2.8–1.66 Ma). An increase of phytoplankton diversity (3.7–3.35 Ma, 3.19–2.82 Ma) characterizes the two transitions of water column conditions, from oxygenated to reductive, that we attribute to a change from ocean mixing to strong stratified conditions with some occasional mixing. The biogeochemical changes in the GOA follow 400 and 100 kyr eccentricity cycles which are also reflected in changes in the CIS. We conclude that the CIS expansion created high nutrient low chlorophyll conditions in the GOA during the Mid Piacenzian Warm Period and the early Pleistocene. In turn, positive feedbacks increased marine productivity export, atmospheric CO2 drawdown and further CIS expansion.
An Approach to Include Hydrogeologic Barriers With Unknown Geometric Properties in Groundwater Model Inversions
Authors: Marshall S. K. , Cook P. G. , Simmons C. T. , Konikow L. F. , Dogramaci S. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHydrogeological barriers can significantly impact groundwater model predictions. They are, however, often excluded from, or misrepresented in, groundwater models if their presence is unknown or their properties are poorly constrained. Here we show that sharp barriers can be included in groundwater model inversion, even where their presence is uncertain. We describe an approach utilizing "phantom structures"—randomly located, linear groups of model cells assigned a unique hydraulic conductivity value—to improve identifiability of barriers. Algorithmic parameter estimation using model‐independent parameter estimation code (PEST) is implemented to determine model structures that best match the hydraulic head and groundwater age observation data from a hypothetical aquifer. Our results show that for a series of case studies, this method was successful in inferring the appropriate location and properties of hydrogeological barriers, when that barrier was not aligned with the dominant flow direction. We compare these results to model inversion using traditional pilot points. The phantom structures approach shows promise in identifying hydrogeological structures and in reproducing groundwater flow across a model domain. Our results demonstrate that the geometric properties of geological structures can remain flexible in a model inversion. This is a step toward reducing conceptual model uncertainty where the presence and properties of hydrogeologic barriers are undefined.
Thunderstorm Activity Under Intermediate and Extreme Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Haberlie Alex M. , Ashley Walker S. , Battisto Christopher M. , Gensini Vittorio A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAssessing how increasing greenhouse gas concentrations may modify regional climates is an ongoing challenge. Relatively little work has examined how climate change may influence processes related to regional thunderstorm activity. This is important to consider in areas where thunderstorms are important for maintaining regional hydroclimates. This study focuses on three convection‐allowing climate simulations—namely, a retrospective simulation (1990–2005) and two possible climate change scenarios (2085–2100)—with domains encompassing the conterminous United States. Regional and seasonal variability is noted in the response of thunderstorm activity as measured by thresholds in simulated radar reflectivity factor in the two climate change scenarios. A decrease in thunderstorm activity is projected for the Southern Plains, whereas the Southeast and Midwest experience an increase in thunderstorm activity. An examination of environmental parameters related to thunderstorm activity reveals an overall increase in convective instability but spatially varying changes in convective inhibition.
Asymmetric Distributions of Auroral Kilometric Radiation in Earth's Northern and Southern Hemispheres Observed by the Arase Satellite
Authors: Xiao Fuliang , Tang Jiawen , Zhang Sai , Zhou Qinghua , Liu Si , He Yihua , Yang Qiwu , Kasahara Yoshiya , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Kumamoto Atsushi , Nakamura Yosuke , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Shinohara Iku , Nakamura Satoko 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAuroral kilometric radiation (AKR) is generated at high latitudes and can propagate down to low latitudes. Due to the lack of direct observations, the characteristics of AKR in the middle and low latitudes of two hemispheres have not been studied so far. Here, using observations of the Arase satellite from 23 March 2017 to 31 July 2019, we present the first statistical study of AKR distribution in the northern (Magnetic latitude Mlat = 0°–40°) and southern (Mlat = −40°–0°) hemispheres. Results (totally 30,353 samples) show that relatively high occurrence rates (>30%) of AKR in the northern (southern) hemisphere primarily stay in the region of magnetic local time MLT = 17–24 (MLT = 21–05). About 60% of wave samples in the northern (southern) hemisphere are observed in the frequency range of ≤300 kHz (>300 kHz). The asymmetric distribution in two hemispheres can further enrich our understanding of AKR.