bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the representation of species included within the Canadian Living Planet Index
Authors: Currie Jessica , Burant Joseph B. , Marconi Valentina , Blain Stephanie A. , Emry Sandra , Hébert Katherine , Xie Garland , Moore Nikki A. , Wang Xueqi , Brown Andrea , Grevstad Lara , McRae Louise , Mezzini Stefano , Pata Patrick , Freeman Robin 
Published: August 2022

To effectively combat the biodiversity crisis, we need ambitious targets and reliable indicators to accurately track trends and measure conservation impact. In Canada, the Living Planet Index (LPI) has been adapted to produce a national indicator by both World Wildlife Fund-Canada (Canadian Living Planet Index; C-LPI) and Environment and Climate Change Canada (Canadian Species Index) to provide insight into the status of Canadian wildlife, by evaluating temporal trends in vertebrate population abundance. The indicator includes data for just over 50% of Canadian vertebrate species. To assess whether the current dataset is representative of the distribution of life history characteristics of Canadian wildlife, we analyzed the representation of species-specific biotic variables (i.e., body size, trophic level, lifespan) for vertebrates within the C-LPI compared to native vertebrates lacking LPI data. Generally, there was considerable overlap in the distribution of biotic variables for species in the C-LPI compared to native Canadian vertebrate species lacking LPI data. Nevertheless, some differences among distributions were found, driven in large part by discrepancy in the representation of fishes—where the C-LPI included larger-bodied and longer-lived species. We provide recommendations for targeted data collection and additional analyses to further strengthen the applicability, accuracy, and representativity of biodiversity indicators.
Seymour’s Second Neighborhood Conjecture for m-Free Oriented Graphs
Authors: Ma Huawen 
Published: August 2022

Let

D
=

V
,
E

be an oriented graph with minimum out-degree

δ

+

. For

x
∈
V

D

, let

d
D
+

x

and

d
D

+
+

x

be the out-degree and second out-degree of

x

in

D

, respectively. For a directed graph

D

, we say that a vertex

x
∈
V

D

is a Seymour vertex if

d
D

+
+

x

≥

d
D
+

x

. Seymour in 1990 conjectured that each oriented graph has a Seymour vertex. A directed graph

D

is called

m

-free if there are no directed cycles with length at most

m

in

D

. A directed graph

D
=

V
,
E

is called

k

-transitive if, for any directed

x
y

-path of length

k

, there exists

x
,
y

∈
E

. In this paper, we show that (1) each

δ

+

−
2

-free oriented graph has a Seymour vertex and (2) each vertex with minimum out-degree in

m

-free and

2
m
+
2

-transitive oriented graph is a Seymour vertex. The latter result improves a theorem of Daamouch (2021).
A Ketogenic Diet in Combination with Gemcitabine Increases Survival in Pancreatic Cancer KPC Mice
Authors: Cortez Natalia E. , Rodriguez Lanzi Cecilia , Hong Brian V. , Xu Jihao , Wang Fangyi , Chen Shuai , Ramsey Jon J. , Pontifex Matthew G. , Müller Michael , Vauzour David , Vahmani Payam , Hwang Chang-il , Matsukuma Karen , Mackenzie Gerardo G. 
Published: August 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to be a major health problem. A ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by a very low carbohydrate and high fat composition, has gained attention for its antitumor potential. We evaluated the effect and mechanisms of feeding a strict KD alone or in combination with gemcitabine in the autochthonous LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53 R172H/+; Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mouse model. For this purpose, both male and female pancreatic tumor-bearing KPC mice were allocated to a control diet (CD; %kcal: 65% carb, 15% protein, 20% fat), a KD (%kcal: 1% carb, 15% protein, 84% fat), a CD + gemcitabine (CG), or a KD + gemcitabine (KG) group. Mice fed a KD alone or in combination with gemcitabine showed significantly increased blood β-hydroxybutyrate levels compared with mice fed a CD or CG. KPC mice fed a KG had a significant increase in overall median survival compared with KPC mice fed a CD (increased overall median survival by 42%). Interestingly, when the data were disaggregated by sex, the effect of a KG was significant in female KPC mice (60% increase in median overall survival), but not in male KPC mice (28% increase in median overall survival). Mechanistically, the enhanced survival response to a KD combined with gemcitabine was multifactorial, including inhibition of ERK and AKT pathways, regulation of fatty acid metabolism and the modulation of the gut microbiota. In summary, a KD in combination with gemcitabine appears beneficial as a treatment strategy in PDAC in KPC mice, deserving further clinical evaluation.Significance:This article is the first preclinical study to comprehensively evaluate the effect of a KD alongside chemotherapy using a standard autochthonous genetically modified mouse model (in both male and female KPC mice).
Reconfigurations in brain networks upon awakening from slow wave sleep: Interventions and implications in neural communication
Authors: Hilditch Cassie J. , Bansal Kanika , Chachad Ravi , Wong Lily R. , Bathurst Nicholas G. , Feick Nathan H. , Santamaria Amanda , Shattuck Nita L. , Garcia Javier O. , Flynn-Evans Erin E. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Sleep inertia is the brief period of impaired alertness and performance experienced immediately after waking. Little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. A better understanding of the neural processes during sleep inertia may offer insight into the awakening process. We observed brain activity every 15 min for 1 hr following abrupt awakening from slow wave sleep during the biological night. Using 32-channel electroencephalography, a network science approach, and a within-subject design, we evaluated power, clustering coefficient, and path length across frequency bands under both a control and intervention conditions. We found that under control conditions, the awakening brain is characterized by an immediate reduction in global theta, alpha, and beta power. Simultaneously, we observed a decrease in the clustering coefficient and an increase in path length within the delta band. Exposure to an odorant (i.e., peppermint) immediately after awakening ameliorated changes in clustering. Our results suggest that long-range network communication within the brain is crucial to the awakening process and that the brain may prioritize these long-range connections during this transitional state. Our study highlights a novel neurophysiological signature of the awakening brain and provides some initial evidence that may accelerate the process via interventions.
The Best is the Telos: An Argument in Eudemian Ethics 1.8
Authors: Ferguson Daniel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This paper examines Aristotle’s argument in Eudemian Ethics 1.8 that eudaimonia, the best practicable good, is the telos of the practicable goods. Aristotle defers to the Platonists in thinking that the best practicable good is the first practicable good and the cause of the other practicable goods’ goodness (though he also has his own reason for thinking this). But, on his view, it is the telos of the practicable goods that has these two properties. Aristotle’s argument for this latter claim is supported by his view, more fully discussed in Posterior Analytics 2.11, of how final causes explain normative facts.
Ignorance in Plato’s Protagoras
Authors: Liu Wenjin 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Ignorance is commonly assumed to be a lack of knowledge in Plato’s Socratic dialogues. I challenge that assumption. In the Protagoras, ignorance is conceived to be a substantive, structural psychic flaw—the soul’s domination by inferior elements that are by nature fit to be ruled. Ignorant people are characterized by both false beliefs about evaluative matters in specific situations and an enduring deception about their own psychic conditions. On my interpretation, akrasia, moral vices, and epistemic vices are products or forms of ignorance, and a person who lacks knowledge is not necessarily ignorant.
Bordering Asylum in Post-Brexit Britain
Authors: Pitt Andrew 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article considers UK government’s proposal to re-introduce an accelerated appeals system for detained asylum seekers through resort to legislation. Previously, a similar system, the ‘Detained Fast Track’, was ruled unlawful largely on the basis that it lacked procedural fairness, a core tenet of the rule of law. This article examines the interplay between the rule of law and international human rights law. It adopts a formal notion of the rule of law to assess its effectiveness in protecting asylum seeker’s rights, as a sub-group of ‘unwanted migrants’. This is applied to a case study of the previous system and legal challenges to it to explore the deficiency of legality of the system and the effectiveness of judicial review. Three stages of the previous system are examined, its inception, its survival of early legal challenges and its eventual demise to expose the marginalisation of international human rights safeguards.
‘You Are Not Needed Here’
Authors: Oni Isaac Olumayowa 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The aim of this paper is not to expand the argument that racism is a problem particular to Russia but to examine the transformation in the discrimination experienced by African migrants in Russia and their coping strategies. Using 32 in-depth interviews and an analysis of informal conversations with sub-Saharan African migrants in Moscow describing their experiences within the social and economic spheres of the country, the paper demonstrates the subtleness and implicit nature of racial discrimination that sub-Saharan African migrants experience in their social spaces, such as using the transport system and getting accommodation, and also within the economic sector. There is an overall feeling of being unwelcome that the African migrants perceive from the treatment received from their host community. The paper contributes to the global perspective of understanding the coping strategies used by African migrants to deal with their socio-economic conundrum in Russia.
Unlocking the Riddles of Classical Greek Melodies I: Dorian Keys to the Harmonic Revolution of the New Music and the Hellenistic Musical Documents
Authors: Lynch Tosca A.C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Bringing together evidence preserved by Aristoxenus, Aristides Quintilianus, Ptolemy, Porphyry and the Greek musical handbooks in a unified framework, this article and its sequels show how the reconstruction of the Classical modulation system offered in Lynch 2018 is confirmed by the melodies recorded in the Greek musical documents. Taken jointly, these articles offer the first comprehensive account of the use of notation tónoi in the ancient Greek musical documents that is fully consistent with the extant technical evidence on Greek harmonic theory and with literary testimonies about the harmonic innovations introduced by the New Musicians. The present article focuses on the Classical/Hellenistic harmonic system, whereas its Imperial counterpart will be discussed in Lynch forthcoming 1 and 2. These theoretical analyses are based upon a newly developed database (dDAGM) that collects all the musical notes attested in the standard edition of the Greek musical fragments (DAGM), comprising over 3,500 notes.
Unlocking the Riddles of Classical Greek Melodies II: The Revolution of the New Music in the Ashmolean Papyri (DAGM 5–6) and Athenaeus’ Paean (DAGM 20)
Authors: Lynch Tosca A.C. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
This article completes the discussion of the Classical/Hellenistic harmonic system set out in Lynch 2022a. Taken jointly, these articles offer the first account of the use of notation keys in the Hellenistic musical documents that is fully consistent with technical evidence as well as literary testimonies about the harmonic innovations of the New Musicians. This article offers practical analyses and new modern transcriptions of the Ashmolean Papyri (DAGM 5–6) and Athenaeus’ Paean (DAGM 20) – scores that reflect the modulation system of the New Music and its characteristic use of ‘exharmonic’ and ‘chromatic’ notes. The analyses offered in this article are powered by a newly-developed database (dDAGM) and show that these seemingly ‘exharmonic’ notes correspond to the chromatic ‘bends’ first identified in Lynch 2018a. These ‘bends’ (kampaí) ‘distorted’ the central pillars of the noble Dorian harmonía and turned it into its polar opposite: the Mixolydian, the emotional and lamenting mode par excellence.
Typifications and new synonyms in Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae) from Brazil
Authors: CARDOSO PEDRO HENRIQUE , MORONI PABLO , ANTAR GUILHERME , MENINI NETO LUIZ , TROVÓ MARCELO 
Published: August 2022

We propose new synonyms and typifications for Brazilian taxa of Stachytarpheta (Verbenaceae). Twenty names are synonymized under the following accepted species: S. cayennensis, S. fiebrigii, S. gesnerioides, S. harleyi, S. hispida, S. indica, S. martiana, and S. reticulata. Lectotypes are designated for the following names: S. bicolor, S. bromleyana, S. crassifolia subsp. abairensis, S. elatior, S. gesnerioides var. cuneata, S. gesnerioides var. rotundata, S. glazioviana, and S. hirsuta. An epitype is designated for S. lanata, previously considered as a doubtful taxon and now treated as an accepted species, and also for S. restingensis. The necessity of such taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments was noticed after the examination of a large set of herbarium collections (including the type specimens), specialized literature, and field observations. Our results support a forthcoming taxonomic treatment of the Brazilian Stachytarpheta.
Hydrometeor Storage and Advection Effects in DYNAMO Budget Analyses
Authors: Johnson Richard H. , Ciesielski Paul E. , Schubert Wayne H. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
The Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) (DYNAMO) field campaign over the central Indian Ocean captured three strong MJO events during October–December 2011. Using the conventional budget approach of Yanai et al. surface rainfall P0 is computed as a residual from the vertically integrated form of the moisture budget equation. This budget-derived P0 is spatially averaged over the Gan Island NCAR S-PolKa radar domain and compared with rainfall estimates from the radar itself. To isolate the MJO signal, these rainfall time series are low-pass (LP) filtered and a three-MJO composite is created based on the time of maximum LP-filtered S-PolKa rainfall for each event. A comparison of the two composite rainfall estimates shows that the budget rainfall overestimates the radar rainfall by ∼15% in the MJO buildup stage and underestimates radar rainfall by ∼8% in the MJO decay stage. These rainfall differences suggest that hydrometeor (clouds and rain) storage and advection effects, which are neglected in the budget approach, are likely significant. Satellite and ground-based observations are used to investigate these hydrometeor storage and advection effects. While the findings are qualitatively consistent with expectations from theory, they fall short of explaining their full magnitude, suggesting even more refined experimental designs and measurements will be needed to adequately address this issue.
Range Dependence of Polarimetric Radar Estimates for Extreme Flood-Producing Rainfall in Urban Watersheds
Authors: Chaney Molly Margaret , Smith James A , Baeck Mary Lynn 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
We examine polarimetric rainfall estimates of extreme rainfall through intercomparisons of radar rainfall estimates with rainfall observations from a dense network of rain gauges in Kansas City. The setting provides unique capabilities for examining range dependence in polarimetric rainfall estimates due to the overlapping coverage of the Kansas City, Missouri, and Topeka, Kansas, WSR-88D radars. We focus on polarimetric measurements of specific differential phase shift, KDP, for estimating extreme rainfall. Gauge–radar intercomparisons from the “close-range” Kansas City radar and from the “far-range” Topeka radar show that KDP can provide major improvements in estimating extreme rainfall, but the advantages of KDP rainfall estimates diminish with range. Storm-to-storm variability of multiplicative bias remains an important issue for polarimetric rainfall estimates; variability in bias is comparable at both close and far range from the radar. “Conditional bias,” in which peak radar rainfall estimates are lower than rain gauge observations, is a systematic feature of polarimetric rainfall estimates, but is more severe at far range. The Kansas City region has experienced record flooding in urban watersheds since the polarimetric upgrade of the Kansas City and Topeka radars in 2012. Polarimetric rainfall estimates from the far-range Topeka radar provide useful quantitative information on basin-average rainfall, but the ability to resolve spatial variation of the most extreme rain rates diminishes significantly with range from the radar.
Brazil Facing More Than the Pandemic: Distribution and Exclusion in Economic Policy
Authors: Dowbor Ladislau , Cezar Bruno Barbosa 
Published: August 2022

The Brazilian economy followed an expansive and socially inclusive model from 2003 to 2013. As of 2014, a drastic reversion of policies took place with the introduction of the so-called austerity model. Comparing the two models, one more equalitarian and the other more wealth-concentrating, is useful for clarifying how key economic variables change. The evolution of key economic and social data covering the two decades of our millennium shows how a dynamic distribution process was broken down. The main conclusion concerns the power of financialization in the overall transformation of our society. A economia brasileira adotou um modelo de desenvolvimento dinâmico e inclusivo entre 2003 e 2013. A partir de 2014, a política distributiva foi travada, com uma inversão radical no quadro do modelo de austeridade. Ao comparar os dois modelos, o mais igualitário e o concentrador de riqueza, fica clara a transformação das principais variáveis econômicas. A evolução dos dados econômicos e sociais mostra como a dinâmica de distribuição foi travada. A principal conclusão se refere ao poder da financeirização no conjunto da transformação da nossa sociedade.
Dual Energy Computed Tomography Collagen Material Decomposition for Detection of Lumbar Spine Disc Extrusion and Sequestration: A Comparative Study With Greyscale Computed Tomography
Authors: Abdellatif Waleed , Nugent James P. , Alballa Faisal , Murray Nicolas , Jalal Sabeena , Ali Ismail T. , Nicolaou Savvas 
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To assess value of dual energy computed tomography (DECT) collagen material decomposition algorithm when combined with standard computed tomography (CT) in detection of lumbar disc extrusion and sequestration. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients with acute low back pain who had a diagnosis of lumbar spine disc extrusion and/or sequestration on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (reference standard), and had undergone non-contrast DECT of the lumbar spine within 60 days of the MRI. Age and sex-matched control patients (n = 42) were included. Patients were grouped into standard, grey-scale CT only group and standard CT + DECT tendon images group. Two double-blinded radiologists reviewed both groups for presence of extrusion or sequestration. They also rated their diagnostic confidence on Likert 5-point scale. McNemar Chi-square test was used to compare diagnostic accuracy, unpaired t-test to compare reviewers diagnostic confidence, and Cohen’s k (kappa) test for interobserver agreement. Results: The combined group showed higher overall sensitivity (96.6% vs 87.2%), specificity (99% vs 95.4%), and diagnostic accuracy (98.7% vs 94.5%) with a lower false positive rate (1.1% vs 4.6%). McNemar Chi-square test confirmed statistical significance ( P = .03 and P = .02 for Reviewers R1 and R2, respectively). The mean diagnostic confidence was also significantly higher on combined group (R1: 3.74 ± 1.1 vs 3.47 ± 1.15 ( P < .01) and R2: 3.91 ± 1.15 vs 3.72 ± 1.16 [mean ± SD] ( P = .02)). Conclusion: Utilizing MRI as a reference standard, DECT tendon application combined with standard CT increases the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of detection of lumbar spine disc extrusion and sequestration, when compared to standard CT alone.
Mavacamten, a First-in-Class Cardiac Myosin Inhibitor for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dalo Joseph D. , Weisman Nissen D. , White C. Michael 
Published: August 2022

Objective: To assess mavacamten’s role in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treatment. Data Sources: In addition to clinical guidelines, package inserts, and general reviews, we searched PubMed using the term mavacamten from inception to June 11, 2022. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English language studies describing mavacamten’s mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, clinical and economic outcomes, and adverse events. Data Synthesis: Mavacamten reduces left ventricular outflow obstruction and New York Heart Association functional class while improving Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Clinical Summary Scores in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. With an acquisition cost of $245.20 per capsule, it would cost $1.2 million for every additional quality-adjusted life year. In those with unobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, there were improvements in N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin biochemical markers. Mavacamten is a substrate for CYP2C19 and CYP3A4, and a CYP enzyme inducer. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and an ejection fraction ≥55% have a new option if they remain symptomatic despite maximally tolerated β-blocker or non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker therapy. It is an alternative to disopyramide therapy, which has poor patient tolerance, or septal reduction therapies, which are invasive. However, mavacamten is not cost-effective and its role in nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is not well established. Conclusions: Mavacamten is a new option for patients with refractory obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and an ejection fraction ≥55% but its pricing makes therapy not cost-effective. Final health outcomes are not fully elucidated and additional studies are needed to determine long-term effects.
One-step Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair With CO2 contrast and Robotic Partial Nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Case Report
Authors: Louzada Andressa C. S. , Wolosker Marina B. , Astolfi Rafael H. , Colombo Junior José R. , El Hayek Omar R. , Teivelis Marcelo P. , Wolosker Nelson 
Published: August 2022

Introduction Although rare, as the population ages, abdominal aortic aneurysm synchronous to abdominal malignancies, as renal cell carcinoma, is expected to become more prevalent. There are only two case reports of minimally invasive surgeries to treat these synchronous diseases, with endovascular aortic repair and laparoscopic nephrectomy, but they were performed in two stages, with iodinated contrast and without robotic assistance. Case report We herein present a case of a 71-year-old patient with chronic kidney disease, a 6.4 cm infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysm associated and a suspicious 6 cm solid-cystic expansile lesion in the right kidney, successfully treated at one stage with endovascular aortic repair using carbon dioxide as a contrast medium and with robotic right partial nephrectomy, aiming to preserve the renal function as much as possible. The patient’s postoperative course was free of complications with hospital discharge on the fifth postoperative day, with a serum creatinine of 0.84 mg/dL. Conclusion single-stage minimally invasive surgical treatment of AAA and RCC can be a safe and feasible approach. Combining a robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with an EVAR using carbon dioxide as a contrast medium was safe and successfully preserved renal function.