bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The European Union and Central Asia: Economic development and trade
Authors: Pomfret Richard 
Published: September 2022

This paper analyses EU-Central Asia trade and EU economic assistance to Central Asia. Some EU companies have had a high profile in individual countries or in energy projects (reflected in trade relations between parent and host country), but overall EU companies have lagged the higher profile of Russian companies and the increasing Chinese economic presence. Central Asia had low priority in EU external economic policies towards Soviet successor states. After 2007 the EU became more active in designing a Central Asia strategy, but funding has been limited and the impact small. A significant development for EU-Central Asian economic relations has been the expansion of Eurasian rail services. This has a firm economic foundation and, if currently important routes are disrupted by events in Russia, alternatives will be found. The paper concludes with discussion of prospects for EU-Central Asian relations with new presidents in Uzbekistan since 2016 and Kazakhstan since 2019.
МЕТОДИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ КОНТАКТНОГО ТИСКУ КОМПРЕСІЙНОГО ТРИКОТАЖУ
Authors: Кизимчук Олена , Мельник Людмила 
Published: September 2022

Анотація. Компресійна терапія є засобом лікування венозних виразок гомілки, венозної гіпертензії, венозного набряку, венозного застою та інших хронічних венозних захворювань. Основним принципом цього лікування є застосування певного тиску на тканини, що оточують уражену ділянку. Залежно від величини прикладеного тиску компресійний одяг може впливати на внутрішній об’єм вен, артерій та лімфатичних судин. Таким чином, важливим завданням є визначення тиску, який створює компресійний одяг на тіло.
Мета дослідження полягає в аналізі існуючих методів визначення контактного тиску компресійного одягу та обґрунтованому виборі методу для використання при розробці нових еластичних матеріалів.
Методика. В роботі використано класичний метод аналізу наукової літератури з напряму дослідження, а також два методи визначення контактного тиску компресійного трикотажу: прямий на апараті вимірювання тиску MST та непрямий з застосуванням закону Лапласа.
Результати. Існує багато інструментів і методів, які можна використовувати для вимірювання контактного тиску медичного компресійного одягу. Оскільки кожен з них відрізняється за протоколом та апаратурою існують відмінності у отриманих значеннях тиску. Прямі методи у порівнянні з непрямими надають найбільш достовірні результати, адже дають змогу вимірювати тиск як статичний, так і динамічний не тільки на манекені (in vitro) але й безпосередньо на людині (in vivo). Однак дані методи потребують наявності спеціального обладнання. Проведені дослідження показали, що непрямий метод визначення контактного тиску, який використано в роботі, не рекомендується до використанні при оцінці готових виробів для терапевтичного лікування, однак може бути застосований при проведенні досліджень з розробки нових компресійних матеріалів та виробів з метою порівняння та вибору найбільш ефективних варіантів.
Новизна роботи полягає у детальному аналізі існуючих методів визначення контактного тиску компресійного одягу, їх класифікації та оцінці ефективності застосування як з точки зору терапевтичних послуг, так з точки зору розробки нових компресійних матеріалів та виробів.
Практична значимість. За результатами проведеного аналізу надані рекомендації щодо застосування непрямого методу визначення контактного тиску при розробці та дослідженні матеріалів для компресійних виробів
Genetic engineering of cotton: current status and perspectives
Authors: Smirnov K. V. , Matveeva T. V. , Lutova L. A. 
Published: September 2022

Currently, several species of the genus Gossypium are cultivated in agriculture to produce fiber. Cotton has been cultivated for a long time, however, many aspects of its cultivation and processing are still researched. Writing about the cultivation of cotton, it is worth mentioning the fundamental problems of its processing. For example, the amounts of pesticides used in the cultivation of cotton are greater than for any other crop. Chemicals sprayed on cotton fields are washed away from the fields and, reaching the fresh water sources, pollute them, causing significant damage to the environment. Fortunately, such challenges can be solved by switching to the cultivation of transgenic cotton. Transgenic cotton has already brought many important environmental, social and economic benefits, including reduce of the used pesticides, indirectly increasing of yield, minimizing environmental pollution, reducing the labor force involved and economic costs.Today, the main methods of obtaining transgenic cotton lines are still agrobacterial transformation and biolistics. In recent years, however, innovative methods of transformation have also been developed. For example, the introduction of genetic material mediated by a pollen tube for the cultivation of commercial transgenic cotton is actively used in China. Although in recent decades transgenic lines resistant to diseases, abiotic stresses and with improved fiber quality have been obtained, the dominant position in the market of transgenic cotton is still occupied by lines of plants resistant to insects and herbicides. All the above indicates an insufficient degree of integration between institutes that introduce new advanced developments and agricultural industry.In this review the results of research involving the cultivation and genetic modification of cotton were collected and summarized. The main methods of genetic transformation of cultivated representatives of the genus Gossypium, both actively used at present and still under development, were considered. The most remarkable transgenic lines were also described, among which both those that have already entered agricultural industry and those that have only recently been obtained. Thus, the reader will be able to get a general idea of the current achievements in the field of cotton genetic modification.
Increasing wear resistance of the protective bush-ing of the centrifugal pump made of gray cast iron by chemical-thermal treatment
Authors: Lalazarova Nataliia , Afanasieva Оlga , Rebrova Olena Mykhailivna , Vozniuk Oleksandr 
Published: September 2022

Problem. The weak link that reduces the warranty time of centrifugal pumps is a unit that includes protective bushings and seals. The purpose of the bushings is to protect the rotor shaft from erosion, corrosion and wear. The bushing works under conditions of abrasive wear by elements of the seal packing and abrasive particles entering the liquid pumped by the pump. Due to accelerated surface wear, cast iron protective bushings do not satisfy the requirements service life. Goal. The purpose of the work is to increase wear resistance of pump parts made of gray cast iron by chemical and thermal treatment. Method. Metallographic studies of the structure were performed under a UIT MicroMet-D-101 microscope. Wear is studied using the roller-pad method on a friction machine. Sulfocyanation of cast iron samples was carried out in molten salts (K2CO3, CO(NH2)2, Na2S at 560°С at the bottom of the bath. Results. In the cast state, the microstructure of gray cast iron consists of ferrite, pearlite, double phosphide eutectic and lamellar graphite inclusions. The influence of exposure time during sulfocyanation in a bath with molten salts on the structure and properties of the formed surface layer was studied. The exposure was carried out for 2 hours, 3 hours 30 minutes and 6 hours. After exposure in the bath, a thin carbonitride layer is formed on the surface of the cast iron, and a layer consisting of iron sulfide is formed on top. Conducting wear tests showed that sulfocyanation increases the wear resistance of gray cast iron. An increase in the wear resistance of cast iron is provided by a hard carbonitride layer, and good workability – by a layer of iron sulfides, which acts as a lubricant. Scientific novelty. Increasing the exposure time during sulfocyanation in the bath for more than 3 hours 30 minutes does not affect the thickness of the carbonitride layer. Practical significance. As an optimal mode of sulfocyanation, exposure for 3 hours 30 minutes can be recommended, which provides a 4.8-fold increase in wear resistance.
Glandular density distribution in digital mammography
Authors: Jha Anamika , Panta Ritu , Lall Shrestha Shanta 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the breast density distribution in digital mammography of patients.
Materials and Methods
This prospective study was performed in the Department of Radiology and Imaging of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). Data was collected over a period of 4 months from July to October 2019 and included one hundred and seventy patients who came for diagnostic or screening mammography, which was recorded as indication for the test. Appropriate statistical methods were used for analysis.
Results
The mean age of women included in this study was 48.09 ± 9.13 years. Nearly 43% of the patients had dense breasts. According to Breast Imaging, Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) classification of lesions, maximum mammograms i.e.,77.7% were normal or benign while 4.7% were BIRADS category 0 and 17.7% were of BIRADS category 3, 4 or 5. A negative correlation was observed between age and breast density category. The relationship between breast density and BIRADS category or indication for the test was insignificant while a weak correlation was observed between it and mammographic findings.
Conclusion
Our study showed an inverse linear relationship between age and mammographic density which is consistent with the fact that mammography has higher sensitivity in older age group usually with lesser density. No or weak correlation was present between breast density and BIRADS category, indication or findings on mammography. All patients in BIRADS 0 category had dense breasts.
VISUALIZADOR DE ÁGUA E SOLO: UMA FERRAMENTA DE SUPORTE AO GERENCIAMENTO DE RECURSOS NATURAIS E SUA APLICABILIDADE EM SISTEMAS MULTIAGENTE
Authors: Mota Fernanda Pinto , Gonçalves Matheus , Adamatti Diana Francisca , Aguiar Marilton Sanchotene de 
Published: September 2022

Os recursos e serviços hídricos estão diretamente ligados ao crescimento econômico e à sustentabilidade ambiental. Devido a isso, é importante aperfeiçoarmos a coleta, a análise e a percepção dos processos físicos da água. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar e avaliar como a plataforma Google Earth Engine pode auxiliar no contexto de análise de dados em recursos hídricos, bem como realizar a integração inicial com a técnica de Sistemas multiagente, de forma a obter um sistema dinâmico e bastante similar a realidade dos sistemas ambientais. O GEE integra as tecnologias presentes em sistemas de informação geográficas, tornando-a interessante para o desenvolvimento de aplicações voltadas para os recursos naturais, e os sistemas multiagente buscam integrar aspectos comportamentais/humanos aos sistemas computacionais. O estudo de caso desta pesquisa foi aplicado no gerenciamento de recursos hídricos da bacia hidrográfica da Lagoa Mirim e Canal São Gonçalo. Os dados disponibilizados são uma ferramenta de suporte ao Comitê de Gerenciamento das Bacias Hidrográficas, que pode entender e analisar esta região de forma mais completa.
Palavras-chave: recursos naturais; recursos hídricos; uso do solo; ferramentas computacionais.

Water and soil viewer: a support tool to the management of natural resources

ABSTRACT: Researchers linked water resources and services directly to economic growth and environmental sustainability. In this way, it is essential to store, analyze and understand the water's physical processes. This work aims to identify and validate how the platform Google Earth Engine (GEE) can assist in the analysis of data in water resources, as well as perform the initial integration with the technique of Multi-agent Systems, in order to obtain a dynamic system and quite similar to the reality of environmental systems. GEE integrates the technologies present in geographic information systems, making it interesting to develop applications aimed at natural resources and multi-agent systems aim to integrate behavioral/human aspects into computer systems. We applied the case study of this research to manage water resources of the hydrographic basin of Lagoa Mirim and Canal São Gonçalo. The data available is a tool to support the Hydrographic Basin Management Committee, which can understand and analyze this region in a more complete way.
Keywords: natural resources; hydric resources; land use; computational tools.
ZEB1 loss increases glioma stem cell tumorigenicity and resistance to chemoradiation
Authors: Hanna George K. , Madany Mecca , Tay Angelique Sao-Mai Sy , Edwards Lincoln A. , Kim Sungjin , Michael Justin S. , Nuno Miriam , Thomas Tom , Li Aiguo , Berel Dror , Black Keith L. , Fan Xuemo , Zhang Wei , Rudnick Jeremy D. , Wang Rongfu , Yu John S. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
Glioblastoma has been known to be resistant to chemotherapy and radiation, whereas the underlying mechanisms of resistance have not been fully elucidated. The authors studied the role of the transcription factor ZEB1 (zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 protein), which is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is central to the stemness of glioblastoma, to determine its role in therapeutic resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. The authors previously demonstrated that ZEB1 is deleted in a majority of glioblastomas.

METHODS
The authors explored resistance to therapy in the context of ZEB1 loss and overexpression in glioma stem cells (GSCs) and in patient data.

RESULTS
Patients with ZEB1 loss had a shorter survival time than patients with wild-type ZEB1 in both the high- and low-MGMT groups. Consistent with the clinical data, mice implanted with ZEB1 knockdown GSCs showed shortened survival compared with mice inoculated with nonsilencing control (NS) short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) GSC glioblastoma. ZEB1-deleted GSCs demonstrated increased tumorigenicity with regard to proliferation and invasion. Importantly, GSCs that lose ZEB1 expression develop enhanced resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and combined chemoradiation. ZEB1 loss may lead to increased HER3 expression through the HER3/Akt pathway associated with this chemoresistance. Conversely, overexpression of ZEB1 in GSCs that are ZEB1 null leads to increased sensitivity to chemoradiation.

CONCLUSIONS
The study results indicate that ZEB1 loss in cancer stem cells confers resistance to chemoradiation and uncovers a potentially targetable cell surface receptor in these resistant cells.
Postoperative general medical ward admission following Chiari malformation decompression
Authors: Finneran Megan M. , Graber Sarah , Poppleton Kim , Alexander Allyson L. , Wilkinson C. Corbett , O’Neill Brent R. , Hankinson Todd C. , Handler Michael H. 
Published: September 2022

OBJECTIVE
Prior to 2019, the majority of patients at Children’s Hospital Colorado were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) following Chiari malformation (CM) decompression surgery. This study sought to identify the safety and efficacy of postoperative general ward management for these patients.

METHODS
After a retrospective baseline assessment of 150 patients, a quality improvement (QI) initiative was implemented, admitting medically noncomplex patients to the general ward postoperatively following CM decompression. Twenty-one medically noncomplex patients were treated during the QI intervention period. All patients were assessed for length of stay, narcotic use, time to ambulation, and postoperative complications.

RESULTS
PICU admission rates postoperatively decreased from 92.6% to 9.5% after implementation of the QI initiative. The average hospital length of stay decreased from 3.4 to 2.6 days, total doses of narcotic administration decreased from 12.3 to 8.7, and time to ambulation decreased from 1.8 to 0.9 days. There were no major postoperative complications identified that were unsuitable for management on a conventional pediatric medical/surgical nursing unit.

CONCLUSIONS
Medically noncomplex patients were safely admitted to the general ward postoperatively at Children’s Hospital Colorado after decompression of CM. This approach afforded decreased length of stay, decreased narcotic use, and decreased time to ambulation, with no major postoperative complications.
Hidroksizin Hidroklorürün Memeli Makrofajlarında Anti-inflamatuar Aktivitesinin PI3K ve P38 Yolu Üzerinde Araştırılması
Authors: YETKİN Derya 
Published: September 2022

Amaç: Depresyon, hastaların sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitesini etkileyen yaygın bir ruhsal bozukluktur. Antihistaminikler arasında yer alan hidroksizin hidroklorür (HHCL) genellikle alerjik tedavilerde kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca HHCL, son yıllarda anksiyete, zihinsel sıkıntı ve stres tedavisinde rutin olarak kullanılmaktadır. Hidroksizin klorür ile ilgili birçok çalışma olmasına rağmen literatürde bu ilacın bağışıklık sistemi üzerindeki etkileri hakkında yeterli bilgi bulunmamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Önceki çalışmalar, bazı antidepresanların anti-inflamatuar ve anti-analjezik olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu ilaçlardan birinin, Hidroksizin hidroklorürün memeli makrofajları üzerindeki immünomodülatör aktiviteleri, fosforile edilmiş (aktif) p38 MAPK ve PI3K proteinlerinin olası hücre içi etki mekanizmalarını belirlemek için akış sitometrisinde analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Makrofaj hücrelerine uygulanan Hidroksizin hidroklorürün, p38 MAPK ve PI3K proteinlerinin düzeylerinde önemli bir azalmaya neden olduğu bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Bu verilere göre Hidroksizin hidroklorür (HHCL), makrofajlar üzerinde farklı etkilere sahipti. HHCL, aktive olmayan makrofajlarda hafif bir inflamatuar yanıtı tetiklerken; zaten aktive olan makrofajlar üzerinde anti-inflamatuar etkileri vardı. HHCL'nin hücre içi etki mekanizmaları, kısmen p38 MAPK ve PI3K yolları aracılığıyla olmuştur.
Vascular Brain Lesions, Cognitive Reserve, and Their Association with Cognitive Profile in Persons with Early-Stage Cognitive Decline
Authors: Durrani Romella , Badhwar Amanpreet , Bhangu Jaspreet , Ganesh Aravind , Black Sandra E. , Barber Philip A. , Frayne Richard , Field Thalia S. , Hachinski Vladimir , Sahlas Demetrios , Mai Lauren M. , Sharma Mukul , Swartz Richard H. , Smith Eric E. 
Published: September 2022

Background: Cognitive reserve may protect against the effects of brain pathology, but few studies have looked at whether cognitive reserve modifies the adverse effects of vascular brain pathology. Objective: We determined if cognitive reserve attenuates the associations of vascular brain lesions with worse cognition in persons with subjective concerns or mild impairment. Methods: We analyzed 200 participants aged 50–90 years from the Comprehensive Assessment of Neurodegeneration and Dementia (COMPASS-ND) study. Cognition was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and a neuropsychological test battery. High vascular lesion burden was defined as two or more supratentorial infarcts or beginning confluent or confluent white matter hyperintensity. Cognitive reserve proxies included education, occupational attainment, marital status, social activities, physical activity, household income, and multilingualism. Results: Mean age was 72.8 years and 48% were female; 73.5% had mild cognitive impairment and 26.5% had subjective concerns. Professional/managerial occupations, annual household income≥$60,000 per year, not being married/common law, and high physical activity were independently associated with higher cognition. Higher vascular lesion burden was associated with lower executive function, but the association was not modified by cognitive reserve. Conclusion: Markers of cognitive reserve are associated with higher cognition. Vascular lesion burden is associated with lower executive function. However, cognitive reserve does not mitigate the effects of vascular lesion burden on executive function. Public health efforts should focus on preventing vascular brain injury as well as promoting lifestyle factors related to cognitive reserve, as cognitive reserve alone may not mitigate the effects of vascular brain injury.
The effect of a single session of isometric handgrip exercise on blood pressure
Authors: Wan Yusof Wan Mohammad Nazrin , Nasaruddin Wan Nor Syahirah , Hami Rohayu , Che Muhamed Ahmad Munir , Ahmad Yusof Hazwani 
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether a session of isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise can influence the blood pressure of hypertensive and normotensive individuals. OBJECTIVE: To compare post exercise hypotension among groups with different resting blood pressure (BP) levels. METHODS: 56 Malay male volunteers (12 normotensive, 14 pre-hypertensive, 19 hypertensive stage 1, and 11 hypertensive stage 2) completed four sets of 2-minute isometric handgrip exercises at 30% of their maximum handgrip contraction with a one-minute break between the sets. Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), resting heart rate (RHR), and handgrip strength (HGS) were measured before and after an hour of IHG exercise. A paired sample [Formula: see text]-test, one-way ANOVA, and two-way repeated measure ANCOVA were used to examine the data. RESULTS: All parameters, except RHR and PP, were significantly changed following the exercise across the BP groups. The SBP, MAP, and HGS were greatly reduced among hypertensive stage 1 (SBP [Formula: see text]6.3 [Formula: see text] 0.6 mmHg; MAP [Formula: see text]4.8 [Formula: see text] 1.1 mmHg; HGS [Formula: see text]6.8 [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]0.4 mmHg) compared to other groups. Meanwhile, the most DBP was reduced among hypertensive stage 2 (mean [Formula: see text]5.2 [Formula: see text] 0.6 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: The current study discovered a significant reduction in BP among hypertensive stage 1 and 2 individuals after a session of IHG exercise.