bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Terrestrial Reptiles of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands
Authors: Ceríaco Luis M. P. , Marques Mariana P. , Bell Rayna C. , Bauer Aaron M. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter reviews current knowledge on the diversity of terrestrial reptiles in the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands and provides a brief history of research on this group of animals. A total of 29 species of terrestrial reptiles (representing 14 genera and seven families) are resident on the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands, of which 22 species are endemic. Taxonomic work on these animals began in the second half of the nineteenth century, with more recent updates following the advent of molecular techniques and more comprehensive sampling. Although nearly complete, the taxonomic inventory of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic island terrestrial reptiles is still ongoing, and further studies on the natural history, ecology, and conservation of these animals are urgently needed.
Physical Geography of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands
Authors: Ceríaco Luis M. P. , Santos Bruna S. , de Lima Ricardo F. , Bell Rayna C. , Norder Sietze J. , Melo Martim 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe Gulf of Guinea, in the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, has three oceanic islands that arose as part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line. From northeast to southwest these are Príncipe (139 km2), São Tomé (857 km2), and Annobón (17 km2). Although relatively close to the adjacent mainland, the islands have distinct climactic and geomorphologic characteristics, and have remained isolated throughout their geological history. Consequently, they have developed a unique biodiversity, rich in endemic species. We provide an integrated overview of the physical setting of the islands, including their geographic location, geological origin, topography, geology and soils, climate zones, and prevailing wind and ocean currents—key features that underlie the evolution of their biodiversity.
The Avifauna of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands
Authors: Melo Martim , Jones Peter J. , de Lima Ricardo F. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAlthough birds have always been one of the best-known taxa on the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands, our understanding of their ecology and evolution has increased substantially in the last two decades. Intensive field-based surveys have allowed the first detailed island-wide distribution maps for most species and a much better grasp of habitat associations, highlighting the importance of native forests for many of the endemic birds. Molecular data have provided important insights into evolutionary history, leading to an extensive revision of the taxonomy of the islands’ endemic avifauna. Most speciation events are much more recent than the age of the islands, indicating a high species turn-over that is likely explained by the islands’ history of intense volcanic activity and their moderate distances to the mainland. These islands have the highest accumulation of endemic bird species for small oceanic islands: at least 29 endemic species occur in three islands with a total area of just over 1000 km2. This may be explained by their particular geographic location: offshore from a species-rich continent at distances that allowed the colonization and evolution in isolation of many distinct lineages. All these contributions are now being used to ensure bird conservation, through updated species conservation status and species action plans for the most threatened species, and also to promote the conservation of the native forests on which most of the endemic birds depend.
Territory, Economy, and Demographic Growth in São Tomé and Príncipe: Anthropogenic Changes in Environment
Authors: Muñoz-Torrent Xavier , da Trindade Ngouabi Tiny , Mikulane Signe 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNearly five centuries of human presence on the islands of the Gulf of Guinea have considerably marked the landscape with the replacement of natural habitats by roças (plantations) and other settlements, the introduction of numerous exotic plant and animal species, and the exploitation of resources needed for urban construction and daily life of the growing human population. Exponential population growth and, consequently, the urban sprawl are resulting in deforestation, illegal beach sand mining, exhaustion of natural resources, expansion of non-endemic species, and extermination of the endemic ones, thus causing immense resource exploitation and rapid environmental deterioration. The absence of an effective territorial planning amplifies the island’s vulnerability and increases the fragility of the ecosystems, posing clear threats to the islands’ unique biodiversity.
Introduction: Reclaiming Civic Education
Authors: Chapman Amy L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractOne of the original purposes of schools in the United States was to prepare students to inherit democracy (Mann,An oration, delivered before the authorities of the City of Boston, July 4, 1842. WB Fowle and N. Capen, 1842; Krutka, 2014). Given the trends in youth civic participation over the last few decades, civic education is not effectively working to support this goal. Research has shown effective civic education practices (e.g., participatory pedagogies, an open classroom climate, service learning), but little civic education follows these suggestions (Torney-Purta et al.,Citizenship and education in twenty-eight countries: Civic knowledge and engagement at age fourteen. IEA Secretariat, 2001). Further, most teachers report not having sufficient time, preparation, or resources to teach civics effectively (Hahn, Challenges to civic education in the United States. In J. Torney-Purta, J. Schwille, & J. A. Amadeo (Eds.),Civic education across countries: Twenty-four national case studies from the IEA civic education project(pp. 583–607). IEA Secretariat, 1999). Social media could provide a way for teachers to deepen their teaching of civics by making it more accessible and more relevant, and by having students engage in civic participation in real time.
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: How Social Media Operates in the Civic Sphere
Authors: Chapman Amy L. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter discusses how the very design of social media impacts the civic sphere. Social media is not neutral, and from its algorithms through manipulation and disinformation from its individual users, social media has threatened civic life. This chapter also includes ways in which these concerns have been addressed through media literacy education. Further, this chapter explores two concepts which impact both civic education and social media use: civic perspective-taking and political polarization. The chapter concludes by arguing that students need to be taught about the potential harm of social media, for themselves and the civic sphere, through critical digital citizenship.
Onward Migration from an Aspirations–Capabilities Framework: The Multi-sited Transnational Practices of Sudanese Families Across Europe, Sudan and Beyond
Authors: Serra Mingot Ester 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines the multi-sited transnational strategies of Dutch-Sudanese migrants who move from the Netherlands to the UK (and/or elsewhere) to fulfil their aspirations at different migration and life-course stages. The ongoing political unrest and economic hardships in Sudan, together with the current restrictive European migration regimes, have led most Sudanese to move to Europe as asylum-seekers. Throughout the years, after obtaining refugee status and becoming European citizens, many settle and remain in the host countries of which they are citizens, while others move onwards to other EU countries (or elsewhere) as European labour migrants. As the migrants’ legal statuses change throughout these stages, so do their aspirations and their capabilities to achieve them. Drawing on 14 months of ethnographic multi-sited fieldwork with Sudanese migrants and their families across the Netherlands, the UK and Sudan, this chapter explores the migrants’ aspirations and capabilities to migrate, which take place within given sets of perceived geographical opportunity structures. By looking at how these migrants navigate institutional limitations with family obligations, individual aspirations and capabilities, the chapter contributes to the conceptualisation of onward migration from the lens of an aspirations–capabilities framework. In so doing, it shows the importance of the family as the main unit of analysis in migration studies and the need to look at mobility as a multi-sited longitudinal family trajectory to fulfil changing aspirations where not all family members benefit equally.
Multinational Migration in the Global South: Complex and Non-linear Trajectories of Senegalese Migrants in Brazil
Authors: Jung Philipp Roman 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA growing number of studies emphasise the non-linearity of migration. Aspirations and capabilities for multinational migration often develop or change during the migration process. These dynamics have mostly been analysed with regards to movements within the European Union or to countries in the so-called ‘Global North’. This chapter aims to broaden this focus by including movements in the context of South-South migration. It discusses multinational migration by Senegalese migrants in Brazil, which is both a destination and an origin of movements that connect a variety of countries and regions. It analyses the complex trajectories of Senegalese migrants from different social and educational backgrounds and focuses on how decisions to move again from one country to another develop and which factors influence the choice of destination. Through a multi-sited qualitative case study using interview and ethnographic methods with Senegalese migrants in four Brazilian cities – São Paulo, Praia Grande, Caxias do Sul and Passo Fundo – the research examines both already-occurred movements from Cape Verde and Argentina to Brazil and aspirations to migrate further to the ‘Global North’. The findings show that these multinational migrations are mostly driven by the desire for self-improvement – financial, professional or educational – and a hierarchy of desired destinations but also a result of suddenly emerging opportunities and mediation. The movements are facilitated through the multiple transnational ties with which Senegalese migrants are connected to different places. Furthermore, the study shows how Senegalese migrants acquire new migratory capital – for example in the form of another nationality, business activities or access to new networks – and how migration experiences influence onward migration aspirations and preparations, hereby drawing attention to the active learning process which migrants experience during their trajectory.
Probing compressed higgsinos with forward protons at the LHC
Authors: Zhou Hang , Liu Ning 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Supersymmetric models with nearly-degenerate light higgsinos provide a consistent solution to the naturalness problem under rigorous constraints from current experimental searches for sparticles. However, it is challenging to probe the compressed scenarios at collider experiments due to the hard-to-detect soft final states. To overcome this issue, strategies have been proposed to take advantage of the photon fusion along the ultraperipheral collision at the Large Hadron Collider, which are feasible with the forward detectors installed at the ATLAS and CMS detectors. In this paper, we demonstrate a search strategy for the chargino pair production via photon fusion at the 13 TeV LHC, realizing a good sensitivity that can exclude $$ {m}_{{\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^{\pm }} $$

m

χ
~

1
±

up to 270 GeV (308 GeV) for a mass splitting ∆m($$ {\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^{\pm } $$

χ
~

1
±

,$$ {\overset{\sim }{\chi}}_1^0 $$

χ
~

1
0

) ∈ [1, 15] GeV with an integrated luminosity of 100 fb−1 (3 ab−1) at 95% C.L.
Zeitlichkeit des Gegenwissens in der Ökologischen Landbau-Szene der Bundesrepublik (1970–1999): aus Alt mach Neu!
Authors: von Schwerin Alexander 
Published: October 2022

ZusammenfassungDie Mitte der 1970er Jahre gegründete Stiftung Ökologischer Landbau (SÖL) trat an, den ökologischen Landbau in der Bundesrepublik zu fördern. Zu diesem Zweck führte sie Protagonisten aus Wissenschaft und Umweltbewegung zusammen, die unter Rückgriff auf die wissenschaftlich geprägten Konzepte des natürlichen und biologischen Landbaus der 1920er und 1930er Jahre eine Wissensgrundlage für den ökologischen Landbau aufbauen sollten. Anhand der Gründungsgeschichte, Struktur und Arbeit der SÖL lässt sich zeigen, dass Zeitlichkeit eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Etablierung alternativer Wissensbestände spielte. Entgegen dem etablierten Modell linearen wissenschaftlich-technologischen Fortschritts ging es um die Rückbesinnung auf Wissensbestände und Praktiken, die in vorhergegangenen Prozessen des Vergessens und der Marginalisierung aus dem wissenschaftlichen Wissenskanon, aber auch aus der landwirtschaftlichen Praxis verschwunden waren. Dies zeigt sich am Beispiel der sogenannten Spatendiagnose, einer in den 1930er Jahren von Bodenbiologen entwickelten Methode zur Beurteilung des Ackerbodens. Konzepte und Praxis des Gegenwissens liefen auf ein Modell konservativer Modernisierung im ökologischen Landbau hinaus.
Trial sequential meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy: is it the time to stop the randomization?
Authors: Ricci Claudio , Stocco Alberto , Ingaldi Carlo , Alberici Laura , Serbassi Francesco , De Raffele Emilio , Casadei Riccardo 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Background
The advantages of LPD compared with OPD remain debatable. The study aimed to compare the laparoscopic (LPD) versus open (OPD) for pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Methods
A meta-analysis of randomized studies (RCTs) comparing LPD and OPD was made. The results were reported as relative risk (RRs) or mean differences (MDs). The trial sequential analysis was used to test the type I and type II errors defining the required information size (RIS). The primary outcome was mortality, major morbidity, and postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF). R1 resection, post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage, delayed gastric emptying, biliary fistula, reoperation, readmission, operative time (OT), lymph nodes harvested, and length of stay (LOS) were also studied.

Results
Four RCTs, counting 818 patients, were found. The RRs for mortality, major morbidity, and POPF were 1.16, 1.04, and 0.86, without significant differences. The RISs were 35,672, 16,548, and 8206. To confirm this equivalence, at least 34,854, 15,730, and 7338 should be randomized. OT was significantly longer in LPD than OPD, with an MD of 63.22. The LOS was significantly shorter in LPD than in OPD, with − 1.76 days. The RISs were 1297 and 1273, excluding a false-positive result. No significant differences were observed for the remaining endpoints, and RISs suggested that more than 3000 patients should be randomized to confirm the equivalence.

Conclusion
The equivalence of LPD and OPD for mortality, major morbidity, and POPF is affected by type II error. The RISs to demonstrate a superiority of one of the two techniques seem unrealistic to obtain.
Leveraging access to technology and enhanced surgical technique (LATEST) in laparoscopic bile duct exploration (LBDE)
Authors: Navaratne Lalin , Al-Musawi Jasim , Vutipongsatorn Kritchai , Isla Alberto Martinez 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSingle-stage management of choledocholithiasis with concomitant gallstones consists of performing either laparoscopic bile duct exploration (LBDE) or intra-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at the same time as laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Transductal LBDE is associated with significantly higher post-operative morbidity, longer operative times and longer hospital stay when compared to transcystic LBDE. The aim of this study was to report the transcystic exploration rate and post-operative outcomes from LBDE before and after implementation of the LATEST (Leveraging Access to Technology and Enhanced Surgical Technique) principles. Methods: A retrospective review of 481 consecutive patients between February 1998 and July 2021 was performed. Patients were assigned into two groups determined by whether they were operated before or after the implementation of LATEST. Data collected included pre-operative demographic information, medical co-morbidity, pre-operative investigations, and intra-operative findings (including transcystic exploration rate, negative choledochoscopy rate, use of holmium laser lithotripsy and operative time). Outcomes of this study were the transcystic exploration rate, stone clearance rate, conversion to open surgery, post-operative morbidity and mortality, and length of post-operative hospital stay. Results: The pre-LATEST group contained 237 patients and the LATEST group comprised of 244 patients. Ultra-thin choledochoscopes and holmium laser lithotripsy were used more frequently in the LATEST group (41.4% and 18.4%, respectively). Enhanced surgical techniques (correction of the cystic duct-CBD junction and the trans-infundibular approach) were also performed more frequently in the LATEST group. More patients in the LATEST group received transcystic LBDE (86.1% vs 11.0%, p < 0.0001). The LATEST group had significantly higher stone clearance rates (98.8% vs 93.7%, p = 0.0034), reduced post-operative morbidity and shorter post-operative hospital stay (4 days vs 1 day, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: LATEST describes four key factors that can be used when performing LBDE. The adoption of LATEST in LBDE is associated with an increased stone clearance, a higher transcystic exploration rate and reduced post-operative morbidity.
Groundwater as emergency water supply: case study of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake, Japan
Authors: Endo Takahiro , Iizuka Tomoki , Koga Hitomi , Hamada Nahoko 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSecuring water supply is an extremely important issue following an earthquake. Recent earthquakes in Japan have prompted focus on the use of groundwater or disaster emergency wells (DEWs). Water supply networks are vulnerable to earthquakes because they comprise long-distance pipelines that are not always earthquake-resistant. Groundwater, however, can usually be found directly below an area where water is required and can serve as an alternative water source. Although previous studies discussed the importance of groundwater in relation to natural disasters, with special reference to drought, little attention has been given to the use of groundwater following earthquakes. In this study, two questionnaire surveys were conducted of DEW owners and welfare facilities for elderly people in Kumamoto (Japan), which was struck by an Mw 7.3 earthquake in 2016, to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using groundwater as an emergency water supply and ascertain policy issues to be resolved for making DEWs effective. Results showed that not only 30 DEWs but also at least 25 privately owned wells not registered as DEWs were open to the public in the early restoration stage, improving people’s access to water and decreasing the burden on the Kumamoto city government’s emergency water supply. However, it was revealed that groundwater might not always be potable owing to quality concerns. Additionally, only a limited number of welfare facilities used the available adjacent DEWs and DEW recognition level remains low. These findings indicate that improving information disclosure regarding emergency groundwater use is a policy issue to be resolved.
Using Semicontinuity for Standard Bases Computations
Authors: Greuel Gert-Martin , Pfister Gerhard , Schönemann Hans 
Published: October 2022

AbstractWe present new results on standard basis computations of a 0-dimensional ideal I in a power series ring or in the localization of a polynomial ring over a computable field K. We prove the semicontinuity of the “highest corner” in a family of ideals, parametrized by the spectrum of a Noetherian domain A. This semicontinuity is used to design a new modular algorithm for computing a standard basis of I if K is the quotient field of A. It uses the computation over the residue field of a “good” prime ideal of A to truncate high order terms in the subsequent computation over K. We prove that almost all prime ideals are good, so a random choice is very likely to be good, and whether it is good is detected a posteriori by the algorithm. The algorithm yields a significant speed advantage over the non-modular version and works for arbitrary Noetherian domains. The most important special cases are perhaps $$A={\mathbb {Z}}$$

A
=
Z

and $$A=k[t]$$

A
=
k
[
t
]

, k any field and t a set of parameters. Besides its generality, the method differs substantially from previously known modular algorithms for $$A={\mathbb {Z}}$$

A
=
Z

, since it does not manipulate the coefficients. It is also usually faster and can be combined with other modular methods for computations in local rings. The algorithm is implemented in the computer algebra system Singular and we present several examples illustrating its power.
Applying VAT to financial services: Is the new “mobile-ratio method” adequate for insurance?
Authors: Altenburger Otto A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractApplying Value Added Tax (VAT) to financial services is difficult. Several more or less complex methods for handling financial services within a VAT system have been developed, none of them being fully satisfactory. In 2018, Julio López-Laborda and Guillermo Peña have published “A New Method for Applying VAT to Financial Services” in the National Tax Journal (vol. 71 (1), pp. 155–181), called “mobile-ratio method”. This paper examines whether the new method is adequate for insurance services. It reveals that the analogy between insurance services and other financial services, while amazing at first glance, does not reach far enough to make the “mobile-ratio method” practically applicable to insurance services.
The pan-European Personal Pension Product: key characteristics and main challenges
Authors: Bär Maximilian 
Published: October 2022

AbstractAgainst the background of increasing challenges within the European Union related to ageing societies, a prevailing low interest environment, increasingly mobile life and work across the EU and the general distribution of wealth, several stakeholders within the EU have acknowledged the need to support the adequacy of national public pension schemes. This resulted in the conception of a Pan-European Personal Pension Product (PEPP), voluntary and portable across the European Economic Area (EEA), aiming at combining profitability, transparency as well as the security and quality of the related investments. Embedded into the greater scheme of the aspired European Capital Markets Union, PEPP is intended as simple and affordable savings option for everyone with the goal of closing the pension gap. This paper revisits the process towards the current, finalized state of PEPP, exploring its product features, regulatory requirements and key challenges with regard to the possible emergence of products since 2022.
The inclusion of insurance services in the European VAT system—a problem that cannot be solved?
Authors: Altenburger Otto A. , Diewald Rudolf , Göttsche Max 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the European Union insurance premiums are not subject to value added tax (VAT), but—in most member states—to special taxes. As these and VAT on inputs are not recoverable there are high cumulative and hidden tax burdens. However, the inclusion of insurance (and other financial services) in the VAT system poses serious conceptual problems. Solutions suggested and discussed in literature as well as relevant regulations in countries outside Europe do not meet the principles constituting the European VAT system. The paper develops a realizable proposal for the inclusion of insurance services in this system meeting its constituting principles.