bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Career trajectories, skills transfers and work stability of educated Polish migrants returning from the UK
Authors: Czeranowska Olga , Winogrodzka Dominika 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe key aim of this paper is to explore the impact of migration experiences on the career trajectories of Polish returning migrants. Focusing on the intersection between career and migration studies, we aim to answer the following research questions: (1) What are the shapes of returning migrants’ career trajectories?; (2) What is their sense of stability in the labour market? and (3) Are returning migrants able to transfer skills that they gained working abroad? If yes, which one and how it depends on the shape of their career trajectories? Based on the qualitative study of Polish migrants who returned from the UK, we have distinguished four types of career trajectories: ascending career, highly diversified career, fragmented career and steady career. Building a typology of returning migrants’ careers, we considered whole trajectories (the situation before, during and after migration) and both vertical and horizontal labour market mobility.
Regional Victoria physician subspecialty training and workforce: the current state of play
Authors: Velusamy Ragani , Thomson Brady , Martin Annabel 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis report outlines the advantages and barriers to working and training in regional Victoria with an aim to provide future researchers with data points to address the maldistribution of medical specialists in regional Australia. Some of the advantages are positive job satisfaction, collegiality and good work–life balance, while increased workload and insufficient number of specialists were reported as disadvantages.
Oral health and cardiometabolic disease: understanding the relationship
Authors: King Shalinie , Chow Clara K. , Eberhard Joerg 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExamination of the oral cavity can identify clinical signs indicative of underlying systemic disease. Key features to examine include the general appearance and number of the teeth, signs of inflammation of the mucosa or gingival tissues including bleeding of the gums and redness, swelling or hyperplasia. Additionally, the tongue should be assessed for any ulceration or discolouration and the presence of excessive build‐up (coating). Cardiovascular disease and diabetes, together known as cardiometabolic disease have an impact on oral health. Similarly, oral health conditions, such as gum disease (periodontitis) and dryness of the mouth (xerostomia), are associated with an increased risk for both cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this narrative review is to outline both the impact of periodontitis and xerostomia on cardiometabolic disease and the impact of cardiometabolic health on these oral health conditions. Key features of periodontitis and xerostomia will be provided along with a brief discussion of current concepts in early prevention and management of these oral health conditions. The biological mechanisms linking cardiometabolic disease and periodontitis will be outlined and the evidence supporting the association between cardiometabolic disease and oral health conditions will be presented together with an identification of areas where further research is indicated. Last, guidance for general practitioners to assess and support early diagnosis and management of oral health conditions by raising awareness of the relationship between oral health and cardiometabolic disease, providing simple oral health advice and referring to a dental practitioner will be presented.
Designing the ultimate general medicine model
Authors: Thompson Campbell H. , Gilbert Toby R. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe ideal model of care in general medicine remains elusive, perhaps because of interhospital heterogeneity in patient population and resource allocation to both general medicine and the medical subspecialties. We explain why successful interventions at one site are not easily applied in another and recommend a nationally coordinated examination of the best general medicine departments' methods of clinical practice improvement.
An Interview with John M. Abowd
Authors: Schmutte Ian , Vilhuber Lars 
Published: February 2022

SummaryJohn M. Abowd is the Chief Scientist and Associate Director for Research and Methodology, US Census Bureau. He completed his AB in Economics at Notre Dame in 1973 and his PhD in Economics at University of Chicago in 1977 under Arnold Zellner. During his academic career, John has held faculty positions at Princeton, the University of Chicago, and, since 1987 at Cornell University where he is the Edmund Ezra Day Professor Emeritus of Economics, Statistics and Data Science. John was trained as a statistician and labor economist, and his economic research has focused on the rigorous empirical evaluation of labor market institutions. In the late 1990s, he began working with the Census Bureau on projects that would end up leveraging administrative and survey records into official statistical products. Through that work, he has developed a research agenda focused on issues necessary to generate those products, including data privacy, synthetic data, total error analysis, data linkage, and missing data problems, among others.
Guilt, tears and burnout—Impact of UK care home restrictions on the mental well‐being of staff, families and residents
Authors: Giebel Clarissa , Hanna Kerry , Marlow Paul , Cannon Jacqueline , Tetlow Hilary , Shenton Justine , Faulkner Thomas , Rajagopal Manoj , Mason Stephen , Gabbay Mark 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore the impact of the pandemic on the emotional and mental well‐being of family carers, care home staff and residents, in light of changing restrictions, increased testing and vaccination rollout in the UK.DesignLongitudinal, qualitative semi‐structured interview study.MethodsRemote semi‐structured interviews were conducted with family carers of care home residents with dementia and care home staff from different care homes across the UK. Baseline and follow‐up interviews were conducted in October/November 2020 and March 2021, respectively. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis involving members of the public with caring experiences.ResultsIn all, 42 family carers and care home staff participated at baseline, with 20 family carers and staff followed up. We identified four themes: (1) Developing anger and frustration; (2) Impact on relationships; (3) Stress and burnout; and (4) Behavioural changes, and perceived impact on residents. The mental health of everyone involved, including family carers, care home staff and residents, has been negatively affected, and relationships between family carers and staff have been severely strained. There was a general lack of adequate mental health support, with little relief.ConclusionsThe pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the lives of those surrounding care homes—from residents and staff to family carers. Consideration should be given on how to best support the mental health needs of all three groups, by providing adequate easily accessible mental health care for all. This should also focus on rebuilding the relationships between family carers and care home staff.ImpactThis is the first paper to highlight the effects of the long‐lasting and miscommunicated restrictions on residents, carers and care home staff, and highlight the urgent need for continued mental health support.
Evaluation of left ventricular function by treadmill exercise stress echocardiography combined with layer‐specific strain technique in essential hypertension patients
Authors: Qingfeng Zhang , Yi Wang , Wenhua Li , Hongmei Zhang , Geqi Ding , Xuebing Liu , Chunmei Li , Yan Deng , Lixue Yin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of treadmill exercise stress echocardiography (TESE) combined with left ventricular (LV) layer‐specific strain (LSS) in subclinical myocardial and reserve function of hypertensive patients. A total of 55 hypertensive patients and 51 controls were evaluated during rest and exercise. Two‐dimensional speckle tracking (2DST) and LSS technique was used to measure longitudinal and circumferential strains at rest and peak exercise, strain difference characteristics were then evaluated. Compared to the control subjects, both longitudinal and circumferential LSS showed different degrees of reduction in hypertensive group, which was more pronounced at peak exercise. The global longitudinal endocardium strain (GLSendo) at rest was 24.4% ± 1.5% in the control group versus 20.4% ± 2.3% in the hypertensive group, while the difference was more obvious at peak state (control vs. hypertensive group, 30.8% ± 2.8% and 22.8% ± 2.9%, respectively). In particular, endocardial strain under exercise can be used as a sensitive indicator where the LV contractile reserve (CR) function of the three layers are all impaired. TESE combined with LSS might increase diagnostic accuracy of myocardial performance in hypertension patients.
High waist circumference is a risk factor of new‐onset hypertension: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Sun Jin‐Yu , Ma Yong‐Xiang , Liu Heng‐Li , Qu Qiang , Cheng Chen , Kong Xiang‐Qing , Huang Wen‐Jun , Sun Wei 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the association between waist circumference and the development of hypertension based on a nationwide cohort Chinese population. A total of 5330 individuals free of hypertension at baseline were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The association between waist circumference and the development of hypertension was analyzed by an adjusted cox regression model and visualized by restricted cubic splines. Further, we applied the supervised machine learning methods to evaluate the importance of multiple variates for new‐onset hypertension. Additionally, the robustness of the association was assessed by a subgroup analysis. A total of 1490 individuals (28.0%) developed hypertension during a mean follow‐up of 3.32 years. The new‐onset hypertension was more observed in those with increased waist circumference (P for trend < .001). In the fully adjusted Cox regression, each 10 cm increase of waist circumference would result in an 18% elevated risk of hypertension. The random forest method and the Extreme Gradient Boosting method revealed waist circumference as an important feature to predict the development of hypertension. The sensitivity analysis indicated a consistent trend between waist circumference and new‐onset hypertension in all BMI categories. This study suggested high waist circumference as an independent risk factor for new‐onset hypertension based on a nationwide cohort of Chinese adults aged ≥45 years old. Our results supported that waist circumference should be routinely measured.
Altered theta–beta ratio in infancy associates with family history of ADHD and later ADHD‐relevant temperamental traits
Authors: Begum‐Ali Jannath , Goodwin Amy , Mason Luke , Pasco Greg , Charman Tony , Johnson Mark H. , Jones Emily J.H. ,   the STAARS Team
Published: February 2022

BackgroundUncovering the neural mechanisms that underlie symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) requires studying brain development prior to the emergence of behavioural difficulties. One new approach to this is prospective studies of infants with an elevated likelihood of developing ADHD.MethodsWe used a prospective design to examine an oscillatory electroencephalography profile that has been widely studied in both children and adults with ADHD – the balance between lower and higher frequencies operationalised as the theta–beta ratio (TBR). In the present study, we examined TBR in 136 10‐month‐old infants (72 male and 64 female) with/without an elevated likelihood of developing ADHD and/or a comparison disorder (Autism Spectrum Disorder; ASD).ResultsInfants with a first‐degree relative with ADHD demonstrated lower TBR than infants without a first‐degree relative with ADHD. Further, lower TBR at 10 months was positively associated with temperament dimensions conceptually related to ADHD at 2 years. TBR was not altered in infants with a family history of ASD.ConclusionsThis is the first demonstration that alterations in TBR are present prior to behavioural symptoms of ADHD. However, these alterations manifest differently than those sometimes observed in older children with an ADHD diagnosis. Importantly, altered TBR was not seen in infants at elevated likelihood of developing ASD, suggesting a degree of specificity to ADHD. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that there are brain changes associated with a family history of ADHD observable in the first year of life.
The ethics of euthanasia in dementia: A qualitative content analysis of case summaries (2012–2020)
Authors: Groenewoud Antonie Stef , Leijten Ellen , van den Oever Sterre , van Sommeren Julia , Boer Theodoor Adriaan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe practice of euthanasia in dementia has thus far been described both in terms of its empirical patient characteristics and its ethical questions. However, 40 new cases have been published since the last study.MethodsA qualitative content analysis of all 111 Dutch case summaries of euthanasia in dementia patients between 2012 and 2020, selected from the total of 1117 cases published by the Regional Euthanasia Review Committees (RTE). Our initial analytical framework consists of six due care criteria and five ethical principles.Results111 case summaries were analyzed, from which we distilled seven recurring ethical questions: (1) How voluntary is a request? (2) Can an incapacitated patient make well‐considered requests? (3) What constitutes “unbearable suffering”? (4) What if the unbearableness of suffering solely consists of “the absence of any prospect of improvement”? (5) What if a euthanasia request is meant to prevent future suffering (now for then)? (6) How (well) can a patient with cognitive limitations be informed? (7) What are “reasonable alternatives” and what if patients decline available alternatives?ConclusionsBeyond these questions, however, we also see some serious challenges for the future: (a) narrowing the gap between perceived and real nursing home quality, since many advance euthanasia directives refer to nursing homes as sources of unbearable suffering; (b) making information to incompetent patients and their relatives about end of life options more tailor made, since it is questionable whether patients with dementia currently understand all of the euthanasia procedure; (c) involving patients' own physician as long as possible in a euthanasia request. Training may help physicians to deal better with euthanasia requests by patients suffering from dementia; (d) longitudinal research is required that encompasses all dementia euthanasia cases, not only those selected by the RTE.
Growth of C‐S‐H phases on different metallic surfaces
Authors: Schleiting Maximilian , Wetzel Alexander , Göbel Daniela , Krooß Philipp , Frenck Johanna‐Maria , Niendorf Thomas , Middendorf Bernhard 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe influence of reinforcement, especially fibre reinforcement in ultra‐high performance concrete is strongly dependent on the bonding (adhesive, shear and friction bond) between metallic surface and cementitious matrix. As usually straight fibres are used for fibre reinforcement and, thus, no significant mechanical bonding is existent, the adhesive bond is particularly important. Previous studies stated that the adhesive bonding behaviour between metallic materials and cementitious matrix strongly depends on the chemical composition of metallic alloys. Therefore, in order to address this topic, the present study investigates the growth of C‐S‐H phases on stainless steel and on cold drawn steel. This growth process was realised by a surface treatment of the metallic alloys using a synthetically manufactured Tricalciumsilicate (C3S) powder diluted in water. After defined times of the C3S treatment the process is stopped to get a time dependent growing behaviour of the cementitious phases. Light microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy was used in order to investigate the surfaces following the application of the C3S. The results reveal that the growth of C‐S‐H phases is more dependent on the metallic surface and its topography than on the alloy composition.
Pastoralism, multifunctionality, and environmental agency: Insights from mountain sheep pastoralists in Northern Portugal
Authors: Sa Rego Julio , Cabo Paula , Castro Marina 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThe idea of multifunctionality permeates European agriculture. Pastoralism is not spared and is valued as a vector of environmental management of the mountainous areas. Multifunctionality is nonetheless connected to entrepreneurial agriculture. Although entrepreneurship is disseminated in the European agricultural sector, little is known about the entrepreneurial evolution within traditional mountain pastoralist communities. This ethnographic paper builds on the case study of mountain sheep pastoralists in Braganza, Portugal, to augment this knowledge. It dives into the dynamics of production of sheep farming to uncover the cultural drivers of traditional pastoralism in Northern Portugal. Results show that pastoralists are unresponsive to the entrepreneurial narratives of multifunctionality as they respond to the occupational identity of shepherds in a moral economy of subsistence ethics. Pastoralists nevertheless exercise valuable environmental agency grounded in their condition as rural dwellers. Tailored narratives to their subsistence ethic are then required to rapidly address and valorize this environmental agency as new fire regimes progress and traditional pastoralism stands at the brink of extinction in Portugal. These results may ultimately contribute to the global literature and policy making on pastoralism, multifunctionality and environment: worldwide pastoralist communities share holistically cultural features and convergent historical trajectories.
Synergy Evaluation in Mergers and Acquisitions: An Attention‐Based View
Authors: Bauer Florian , Friesl Martin 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA core objective of corporate development relates to scope decisions, which regularly involve mergers and acquisitions (M&A). The dominant idea behind M&A is often captured by the umbrella term ‘synergy’. Yet, while performance is the key variable of most M&A studies, how firms arrive at a particular synergetic value for a target firm is not well understood. In this article, we contribute to this body of research. We argue that understanding the determination of synergies in M&A requires a look at the mechanisms that guide managerial attention towards specific valuation practices and synergy types. Specifically, by drawing on the attention‐based view of the firm, we show that the evaluation of synergies cannot be divorced from the underlying attention structure in the M&A context and the various valuation practices that constitute different synergy types. Our analysis suggests that synergies often do not reflect the true potential of acquisitions. We reveal that this is due to an attentional crowding‐out effect: The congruence of M&A attention structures with valuation practices for functional synergies crowd out the attention allocation to business models and strategic synergies. We describe the characteristics of this crowding‐out effect as well as its implications.
Intralesional therapies for vascular malformations of the head and neck
Authors: Wadhwa Vibhor , Pua Bradley B. , Kadenhe‐Chiweshe Angela V. , Rosenblatt Steven D. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVascular malformations of the head and neck represent a spectrum of complex vascular anomalies, requiring a multidisciplinary approach toward diagnosis and treatment. Several intralesional therapeutic agents have been devised and pioneered over the years, some of which are now primary and standard of care for the management of these lesions. In this article, the authors discuss the currently available intralesional therapeutic agents for the management of vascular malformations in the head and neck region.
Reconstructing the genetic admixture history of Tai‐Kadai and Sinitic people: Insights from genome‐wide SNP data from South China
Authors: Wang Meng‐Ge , He Guang‐Lin , Zou Xing , Chen Peng‐Yu , Wang Zheng , Tang Ren‐Kuan , Yang Xiao‐Min , Chen Jing , Yang Mei‐Qing , Li Ying‐Xiang , Liu Jing , Wang Fei , Zhao Jing , Guo Jian‐Xin , Hu Rong , Wei Lan‐Hai , Chen Gang , Yeh Hui‐Yuan , Wang Chuan‐Chao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSouth China (SC) was a region with mixed rice–millet farming during the Middle Neolithic period and was also suggested to be the homeland of Tai‐Kadai (TK)‐speaking people. However, the formations of inland TK‐speaking people and southwestern Hans are far from clear due to very few studies on this subject. Here, we reveal the spatiotemporally demographic history of SC by analyzing newly‐generated genome‐wide SNP data of 115 modern southwestern individuals and find that inland TK‐speaking Dongs and Bouyeis have a close genomic affinity to coastal TK/Austronesian (AN)‐speaking people and Neolithic Yangtze River basin (YZRB) farmers, while southwestern Hans and TK‐speaking Gelaos possess a close genomic affinity to Neolithic Yellow River basin (YRB) farmers. Genetic differentiations are identified among TK people from SC and Southeast Asia, and between northern and southern inland Chinese TK people, in which the identified shared genetic ancestry between TK and AN people highlights a common origin of AN/TK groups. Conclusively, our findings indicate that millet farmers deriving from the YRB and rice farmers deriving from the YZRB substantially contribute to the present‐day inland TK speakers and southwestern Hans via a two‐way admixture scenario of bi‐directional gene‐flow events, which facilitates the formation of a modern two‐way genetic admixture profile.