bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Micro-CT and DNA-based study reveals Cenozoic origin of mayfly genus Calliarcys and its systematic position within Leptophlebiinae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera)
Authors: Godunko Roman J. , Alba-Tercedor Javier , Grabowski Michal , Rewicz Tomasz , Staniczek Arnold H. 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are among the oldest pterygote insects, with the earliest fossils dating back to the Late Carboniferous. Within mayflies, Leptophlebiidae are a highly diverse and widespread group, with approximately 140 genera and 640 species. Whereas taxonomy, systematics, and phylogeny of extant Leptophlebiidae are in the focus of extensive studies, little is known about leptophlebiid fossil taxa. Because fossil remains of Ephemeroptera in sedimentary rocks are relatively rare, inclusions of mayflies in amber are a unique source of information on their evolution and diversity in the past. Leptophlebiidae found in Cenozoic resins mostly belong to the subfamilies Leptophlebiinae (in Eocene Baltic amber) and Atalophlebiinae (in Miocene Dominican and Mexican ambers). In the present contribution, we confirm the first finding of the genus Calliarcys from Eocene Baltic amber by using Micro-CT, which allowed confirming its generic placement by visualizing diagnostic key characters otherwise hidden by a cloud of turbidity. The description and morphological reconstruction of the new fossil species Calliarcys antiquus sp. nov. and new molecular data of the extant Calliarcys humilis Eaton, 1881 from the Iberian Peninsula do not support a distinct subfamily Calliarcyinae, but reveal close relationships to the genera Leptophlebia and Paraleptophlebia, thus suggesting a phylogenetic position of Calliarcys within Leptophlebiinae.
Prevalence and Determinants of Home Delivery Among Reproductive age women, Margibi County, Liberia, 2020
Authors: Maximore Leroy S. , Mohammed Abdul Gafaru , Issahaku Gyesi Razak , Sackey Samuel , Kenu Ernest 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: The use of institutional delivery services is essential for improving maternal and child health. However, studies in Liberia reveal over 20% of women still deliver at home. We assessed the prevalence and associated factors of home delivery among women of reproductive age in Margibi County, Liberia.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 384 women of reproductive age in Margibi County. Data were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire. A systematic random sampling approach was used to select the participants for the study. We performed binary logistic regression to identify factors influencing home delivery. Findings were summarized into tables displaying the frequencies, percentages, crude, and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Prevalence of home delivery in the County was 90.6% (95% CI = 87.5 – 93.0). Women who were ≥ 31 years (aOR = 6.74, 95%CI = 2.86 - 15.90), women who had two or more children (aOR = 15.77, 95%CI = 3.95 – 62.89) and those who had rapid onset of labor (aOR = 6.35, 95%CI = 1.59 – 25.27) were associated with increased odds of home delivery. Good attitude of health workers (aOR = 0.01, 95%CI = 0.001 – 0.08) and the constant availability of transport to the nearest health facility (aOR = 0.01, 95%CI = 0.003 – 0.03) were factors associated with a decreased odds of home delivery among the study participants.Conclusion: The high prevalence of home delivery in the county is a call for urgent interventions by the government of Liberia and various non-governmental organizations. The government may need to supply the county with ambulances and ensure in-service training of health workers on good attitudes.
Risk factors of dermatomyositis complicated with interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Nie Jing , Yang Xu , Ren Shuai , Liu Yan , Wang Lina 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Aim
To investigate the clinical characteristics and related risk factors of dermatomyositis(DM) complicated with interstitial pneumonia(ILD).
Methods
The clinical data of 105 patients with dermatomyositis were hospitalized in the respiratory department or rheumatic Immunology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January 2018 to December 2021 and underwent pulmonary imaging examination were retrospectively analyzed. The hospital medical record room records were used as the data source, including 55 cases in the DM-ILD group and 50 cases in DM without the ILD group as the control group.
Results
there were significant differences in ESR, C-reactive protein, KL-6, cough, chest tightness/shortness of breath, and Velcro rale between the two groups (P < 0.05); Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increase of KL-6 was an independent risk factor for DM-ILD.
Conclusion
the increase of KL-6 in patients with dermatomyositis should be vigilant against ILD occurrence.
Cross-diffusion induced spatio-temporal patterns in Schnakenberg reaction-diffusion model
Authors: Yang Rui 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Schnakenberg system is a typical mathematical model to describe activator-depleted kinetics. In this paper, by introducing linear cross-diffusion into Schnakenberg system, we derive cross-diffusion-driven Turing instability conditions. It has been revealed that it is no longer necessary to have long-range inhibition and short-range activation for Turing instability with the help of cross-diffusion. Then the multiple scales method is applied to obtain the amplitude equations at the critical value of Turing bifurcation, which help us to derive parameter space more specific where certain patterns such as hexagon-like pattern, stripe-like pattern and the coexistence pattern will emerge. Furthermore, the numerical simulations in both Turing instability region and Turing-Hopf region provide an indication of the wealth of patterns that the system can exhibit. Besides, different initial conditions are employed to help better understanding the complex patterns.
Pulmonary BCG/TB infection in patients with chronic granulomatous disease - imaging characteristics from a single center in Shanghai, China
Authors: Yao Qiong , Zhou Qin-hua , Shen Quan-li , Wang Xiao-chuan , Hu Xi-hong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: In China, tuberculosis (TB) is epidemic and the Bacillus Callmette-Güerin (BCG) vaccine is administered to all the newborns, which may lead to BCG infection in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Infection of BCG/TB in CGD patients can be fatal and pulmonary is the most affected organ. Our objective was to assess the imaging of pulmonary BCG/TB infection in CGD.Methods: We screened 169 CGD patients and identified the patients with pulmonary BCG/TB infection. BCG infection was diagnosis according to the vaccination history, local infection manifestation, and acid-fast bacilli staining. PPD, T-SPOT and acid-fast bacilli staining were used for diagnosis of TB. Results: Totally 58 patients were identified, including TB (n = 7), solely BCG (n = 18), BCG + bacterial (n = 20), and BCG + fungi (n = 13). The onset of BCG disease was much early than TB. For those patients only with BCG, lymphadenopathy was the first and most prevalent feature. The most found location was the left axilla, followed by the ipsilateral cervical areas and mediastinal or hilar area. On chest CT, ground-glass opacities, multiple nodules and pulmonary scarring were the most common findings. For TB patients, the pulmonary infections were more serious, including large masses, severe lymphadenopathy, and extensive pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusion: Lymphadenopathy, especially in the left axillary was the most common feature. Pulmonary infection of BCG were more common than TB in CGD patients, but much less severe.
Shear-thickening Polishing of inner raceway surface of bearing and suppression of edge effect
Authors: Guo Luguang , Wang Xu , Lyu Binghai , Cao Linlin , Mao Yuechu , Wang Jinhu , Chen Hongyu , Wang Jiahuan , Yuan Julong 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Shear-thickening polishing is a non-traditional finishing method that uses the shear thickening effect by impacting the non-Newtonian fluid over the machining surface. As a result, it forms a velocity gradient that increases viscosity sharply, producing a flexible fixed abrasive tool to remove the material. Shear-thickening polishing is applied for finishing the outer surface of the rotary workpiece in previous work. The material removal distribution on the inner surface is completely different from those on the outer surface due to the different structure. The thickened slurry tends to form a relatively dense boundary layer on the surface, resulting in a decrease in the polishing quality and efficiency. The present study investigates the effect of impact angle of slurry and polishing velocity on polishing quality to obtain the uniform surface morphology of the ring's inner surface by the shear-thickening polishing process. The inner raceway of the outer ring of the tapered roller bearing 30203 was taken as the machining object. The numerical material removal model of raceway surface was built according to the rheological performance of shear-thickening slurry. A mathematical geometric model is used to explore the real impact angle of slurry. The model was able to accurately predict the experimental conditions, and the results of the simulation were in good agreement with the model's predictions. In the fixture, a guide block was introduced to guide the flow of the slurry, ensuring consistent material removal across the whole surface. The optimal experimental results show that the average surface roughness measured by Ra reduces from 300 nm to 42.9 nm in 30 minutes, which further drops to 11.16 nm in 90 minutes with a variance of 0.58 nm2. The conclusion could be drawn from the studies of this paper that uniform inner raceway surface of bearing is achievable through properly designed STP process.
A radiomics-based study for differentiating parasellar cavernous hemangiomas from meningiomas.
Authors: Wang Chunjie , You Lidong , Zhang Xiyou , Zhu Yifeng , Zheng Li , Huang Wangle , Guo Dongmei , Dong Yang 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
To investigate the value of the radiomic models for differentiating parasellar cavernous hemangiomas from meningiomas and to compare the classification performance with different MR sequences and classifiers. A total of 96 patients with parasellar tumors (40 cavernous hemangiomas and 56 meningiomas) were enrolled in this retrospective multiple-center study. Radiomics features were extracted from five MRI sequences using radiomics software. Three feature selection methods and six classifiers were evaluated in the training cohort to construct favorable radiomic machine-learning classifiers. The performance of different classifiers was evaluated using the AUC and compared to neuroradiologists. The detection rates of T1WI, T2WI, and CE-T1WI for parasellar cavernous hemangiomas and meningiomas were approximately 100%. In contrast, the ADC maps had the detection rate of 18/22 and 19/25, respectively, (AUC, 0.881) with 2.25 cm as the critical value diameter. Radiomics models with the SVM and KNN classifiers based on T2WI and ADC maps had favorable predictive performances (AUC > 0.90 and F-score value > 0.80). These models outperformed neuroradiologists (AUC, 0.756 and 0.545, respectively). Radiomic models based on T2WI and ADC and combined with SVM and KNN classifiers have the potential to be a viable method for differentiating parasellar hemangiomas from meningiomas. T2WI is more universally applicable than ADC values due to its higher detection rate for parasellar tumors.
The Perception of Parents with a Child with Sickle Cell Disease in Ghana towards Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Ampomah Menford Owusu , Atkin Karl , Flemming Kate 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Sickle cell disease is a global health concern. In Europe and USA, where the condition is common, prenatal testing is a routine aspect of antenatal care and offered on the basis, of informed reproductive choice. Notwithstanding considerable advances in testing technologies, prenatal diagnosis for sickle cell disease is not common in Africa. There is a particular lack of research examining parental perceptions about the acceptability of antenatal screening. This qualitative paper explores the perceptions of parents, who had lived experiences of caring for a child with SCD, towards prenatal testing for sickle cell in Ghana. A purposive sample of 27 parents (four fathers and 23 mothers), were recruited via a sickle cell clinic in Accra, Ghana. Material was collected using semi-structured interview, using a topic guide that explored parental views on prenatal testing, along with factors influencing decision making about antenatal care. The findings suggest parents lack knowledge about prenatal testing. However, the majority would accept testing should the process be available and affordable. Parents believed the decision to accept screening should be negotiated between both parents rather than the extended family. The decision to accept testing did not mean that parents would use the information to terminate a child with SCD. They were more likely to use the test result to prepare themselves for the birth of their child. Parents accepted, however, that choice was important and that some parents may wish to terminate, given the impact of SCD on a person’s quality of life. The paper concludes that policy needs to establish and promote sickle cell prenatal testing awareness among at-risk populations, bearing in mind the cost implication of the technology and the importance of informed decision making, which connects to the parents’ experience of screening.
Risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in agricultural sites and river sediments within the vicinity of an operational Gold Mine in Vatukoula, Fiji
Authors: Diarra Ivan 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
A comprehensive study was conducted to explore the concentration and distribution of heavy metals in farm soils and river sediments around a gold mining area in Fiji with particular emphasis on ecological and human health risks. Representative samples were acquired from farm sites in Matanagata Village and the Nasivi river, both situated around the Vatukoula Gold Mine Limited (VGML), the largest operational gold mine in Fiji. Following aqua regia digestion and analysis by AAS, the average soil concentrations for Cu (110.4 mg kg− 1), Cr (136.2 mg kg− 1) and Cd (1.7 mg kg− 1), and sediment concentrations for Pb (69.31 mg kg− 1), Cd (1.82 mg kg− 1), Cu (88.95 mg kg− 1) and Cr (143.12 mg kg− 1) were found to exceed the recommended guideline values. Based on the geo–accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichments factor (EF), the farm soils were moderately contaminated with Cd while the sediments showed moderate to significant contamination with Pb, Ni and Cr. Ecological risk assessment confirmed moderate to considerable ecological risk in the metal–contaminated samples, with Cd and Pb generally presenting greater risk compared to other metals. Multivariate analyses including principal component analysis pointed to gold mining activities as a potential source for heavy metals in the area. Furthermore, human health risk assessment (HRA) indicated that while adults faced no significant carcinogenic or non–carcinogenic risks from metal exposure (HI < 1), children were at more risk from Co, Mn, Cr and Fe exposure, as well as potential carcinogenic risk from Cd (ILCR = 1.46E–04).
Effect of blastocyst morphology on the incidence of monozygotic twinning pregnancy after single blastocyst transfer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ge Xiaofei , Zhang Jiaxin , Shi Hao , Bu Zhiqin , Sun Yingpu 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: Visual morphology-based selection for transfer is a currently common method with evaluation of blastocyst quality and prediction of pregnancy and live birth. The aim of this study is to explore whether blastocyst morphology [blastocyst stage, inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) grading] has an impact on the occurrence of monozygotic twinning (MZT) after single blastocyst transfer (SBT).Methods: All patients who obtained a clinical pregnancy after single blastocyst transfer between January 2015 and September 2021 were retrospectively included. Blastocyst morphology scores were assessed using Gardner grading system. Monozygotic twinning was defined as more than 1 gestational sac (GS), or 2 or more fetal heartbeats (FHB) in a single GS via ultrasound at 5-6 gestational weeks. MZT incidence associated with blastocyst morphological parameters was analyzed by multivariable logistic regression modeling.Results: The overall MZT rate was 2.46% (227 of 9229 cases), of which was the highest in blastocysts of grade A TE and lowest in those with grade C TE (grade A: B: C= 3.40%: 2.67%: 1.58%, P=0.002). The higher risk of MZT pregnancy was associated with higher trophectoderm grading [grade A vs C: aOR, 1.883, 95% CI 1.069-3.315, P=0.028; grade B vs C: aOR, 1.559, 95% CI 1.066-2.279, P=0.022], but not with extended culture in vitro (day 5 vs day 6), vitrification (fresh vs frozen-thawed ET), assisted hatching (AH), blastocyst stage (stage 1-6) or ICM grading (A vs B).Conclusions: TE grade is an independent risk factor of MZT after single blastocyst transfer. The effects of extended culture, AH, frozen-thawed procedures, blastocyst stage and ICM grade were not demonstrated.
Establishment and Evaluation of a Nomogram Predicting Risks of Missed Diagnoses of Colorectal Polyps
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Guo Haiyang , Tang Yong , Chen Lin , Wang Xianfei 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background: A missed diagnosis of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy may result in an interval colorectal cancer. The risk factors for a missed diagnosis or a method to predict the risk of a missed diagnosis of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy remain unidentified.Methods: The clinical data of patients who underwent two colonoscopies within 3 months at the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College between February 2017 and August 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Independent risk factors for missed diagnoses were identified and a nomogram was established for predicting the risk of missed diagnoses. Prediction performance of the nomogram was evaluated using C-index and calibration curves, and its clinical application value was evaluated using the Youden index and decision curve analysis.Results: Independent influencing factors for missed diagnoses included age, endoscopist experience, bowel preparation, retroflected view, withdrawal time, number of polyps in the right colon, and number of polyps ≥6 mm. The C-index of the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts was 0.763 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.724-0.807) and 0.726 (95%CI: 0.657-0.794), respectively. The optimal cut-off value of the nomogram calculated using the Youden index was 152.2 points. Under the cut-off value, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 67.1%, 75.7%, 45.8%, and 88.2%, respectively, in the training cohort, and 57.1%, 79.9%, 53.3%, and 82.3%, respectively, in the validation cohort.Conclusions: The nomogram provides a reference value for clinicians to analyse the risk of a missed diagnosis of colorectal polyps in individuals, identify high-risk groups, and formulate appropriate follow-up strategies.
Risk Factors for Ferritin Depletion in Post-gastrectomy Gastric Cancer Patients with Normal Baseline Ferritin Level
Authors: Chun Jin Ha , Kim Dong Jin , Kim Wook 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Purpose: Decreased iron absorption is one of the most important post-gastrectomy complications. We identified risk factors for ferritin depletion in post-gastrectomy gastric cancer patients with normal baseline ferritin levels.Material and Methods: Among 716 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer during April 2009–August 2016, 445 were enrolled in the study. They were followed up for ≥3 years without recurrence and without baseline ferritin depletion (FD) (≥15 µg/L). Based on postoperative FD, the patients were divided into the ferritin non-depletion (FnD) (n=199) and FD (n=246) groups. Risk factor analysis for FD was performed using clinicopathologic and surgical factors, baseline ferritin levels, and pre-menopausal patient (PMP).Results: PMP (FD vs. FnD=27 [13.6%] vs. 13 [5.3%], P=0.004), non-smoking history (FD vs. FnD=48 [24.1%] vs. 84 [34.1%], P=0.028), duodenal bypassing reconstruction (FD vs FnD=160 [80.4%] vs. 163 [66.3%], P=0.001) and lower baseline ferritin with cut-off 55.7 µg/L were significant risk factors for FD. Multivariate analysis revealed that PMP, type of reconstruction method, and baseline ferritin level were independent risk factors. FD in the postoperative period differed significantly according to risk categories (low-risk group: 0-1 risk factors, high-risk group: 2-3 risk factors). Regarding long-term nutritional aspects, no significant difference existed between the groups with respect to weight changes, but hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in the FD group.Conclusion: Postoperative FD is a common post-gastrectomy complication in gastric cancer patients. PMP, food passage through the duodenum, and baseline ferritin level can be used to predict postoperative FD.
Comparison of Continuous Versus Intermittent Enteral Feeding in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Heffernan Aaron , Talekar Chandrashekhar , Henain Michael , Purcell Liz , Palmer Michelle , White Hayden 
Published: April 2022

Abstract
Background
The enteral route is commonly utilised to support the nutritional requirements of critically ill patients. However, there is paucity of data guiding clinicians regarding the appropriate method of delivering the prescribed dose. Continuous enteral feeding is commonly used; however, a bolus or intermittent method of administration may provide several advantages such as minimising interruptions. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to compare a continuous versus an intermittent or bolus enteral nutrition administration method.
Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed with studies identified from the Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases. Studies were included if they compared a continuous with either an intermittent or bolus administration method of enteral nutrition in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Study quality was assessed using the PEDro and Newcastle-Ottawa scoring systems. Review Manager was used for performing the random-effects meta-analysis on the outcomes of mortality, constipation, diarrhoea, increased gastric residuals, pneumonia, and bacterial colonisation.
Results
A total of 5546 articles were identified and 133 were included for full text review. Fourteen were included in the final analysis. There was an increased risk of constipation with patients receiving continuous enteral nutrition (relative risk 2.24, 95% confidence interval 1.01–4.97, p = 0.05). No difference was identified in other outcome measures. No appreciable bias was identified.
Conclusion
The current meta-analysis has not identified any clinically relevant difference in most outcome measures relevant to the care of critically ill patients. However, there is a paucity of high quality randomised controlled clinical trials to guide this decision. Therefore, clinicians may consider either dosing regimen in the context of the patient’s care requirements.