bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building on a human-centred, iterative, and agile co-design strategy to facilitate the availability of deep ocean data
Authors: LaScala-Gruenewald Diana E , Low Natalie H N , Barry James P , Brown Jennifer A , King Chad , Chavez Francisco P , Ruhl Henry A 
Published: September 2022

AbstractCurrent information on the status and trends of ocean change is needed to support effective and responsive management, particularly for the deep ocean. Creating consistent, collaborative and actionable mechanisms is a key component of the Deep Ocean Observing Strategy, a program of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Here, we share an iterative, agile, and human-centred approach to co-designing datastreams for deep-sea indicators that serves stakeholders, including US National Marine Sanctuaries, presented as a four-phase project roadmap initially focused on the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, and then generalized to other areas such as the US West Coast, offshore wind development areas, and managed marine spaces globally. Ongoing efforts to provide key physical, biogeochemical, biological, and ecosystem variables for California's Marine Protected Areas are informing this co-design process. We share lessons learned so far and present co-design as a useful tool for (1) assessing the availability of information from deep ecosystems, (2) ensuring interoperability, and (3) providing essential information on the status and trends of indicators. Documenting and sharing this co-design strategy and scalable four-phase roadmap will further the aims of DOOS and other initiatives, including the Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative and Challenger 150.
Development of Host Immune Response to Bacteriophage in a Lung Transplant Recipient on Adjunctive Phage Therapy for a Multidrug-Resistant Pneumonia
Authors: Dan Jennifer M , Lehman Susan M , Al-kolla Rita , Penziner Samuel , Afshar Kamyar , Yung Gordon , Golts Eugene , Law Nancy , Logan Cathy , Kovach Zsuzsanna , Mearns Gill , Schooley Robert T , Aslam Saima , Crotty Shane 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Bacteriophage therapy is the use of viruses to kill bacteria for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections. Little is known about the human immune response following phage therapy. We report the development of phage-specific CD4+ T cells alongside rising phage-specific immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibodies in response to adjunctive bacteriophage therapy used to treat a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in a lung transplant recipient. Clinically, treatment was considered a success despite the development phage-specific immune responses.
Corn Snakes Show Consistent Sarcomere Length Ranges Across Muscle Groups and Ontogeny
Authors: Jurestovsky Derek J , Tingle Jessica L , Astley Henry C 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The force-generating capacity of muscle depends upon many factors including the actin-myosin filament overlap due to the relative length of the sarcomere. Consequently, the force output of a muscle may vary throughout its range of motion, and the body posture allowing maximum force generation may differ even in otherwise similar species. We hypothesized that corn snakes would show an ontogenetic shift in sarcomere length range from being centered on the plateau of the length-tension curve in small individuals to being on the descending limb in adults. Sarcomere lengths across the plateau would be advantageous for locomotion, while the descending limb would be advantageous for constriction due to the increase in force as the coil tightens around the prey. To test this hypothesis, we collected sarcomere lengths from freshly euthanized corn snakes, preserving segments in straight and maximally curved postures, and quantifying sarcomere length via light microscopy. We dissected 7 muscles (spinalis, semispinalis, multifidus, longissimus dorsi, iliocostalis (dorsal and ventral), and levator costae) in an ontogenetic series of corn snakes (mass = 80–335 g) at multiple regions along the body (anterior, middle, and posterior). Our data shows all of the muscles analyzed are on the descending limb of the length-tension curve at rest across all masses, regions, and muscles analyzed, with muscles shortening onto or past the plateau when flexed. While these results are consistent with being advantageous for constriction at all sizes, there could also be unknown benefits of this sarcomere arrangement for locomotion or striking.
Convergence, Hemiplasy, and Correlated Evolution Impact Morphological Diversity Related to a Web-Less Lifestyle in the Two-Clawed Spiders
Authors: Azevedo Guilherme H F , Bougie Tierney , Carboni Martin , Hedin Marshal , Ramírez Martín J 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Traits that independently evolve many times are important for testing hypotheses about correlated evolution and understanding the forces shaping biodiversity. However, population genetics processes can cause hemiplasies (traits determined by genes whose topologies do not match the species tree), leading to a false impression of convergence (homoplasy) and potentially misleading inferences of correlated evolution. Discerning between homoplasies and hemiplasies can be important in cases of rapid radiations and clades with many gene tree incongruences. Here, focusing on two-clawed spiders (Dionycha) and close relatives, we evaluate if the observed distribution of characters related to a web-less lifestyle could be better explained as synapomorphies, homoplasies, or hemiplasies. We find that, although there are several convergences, hemiplasies are also sometimes probable. We discuss how these hemiplasies could affect inferences about correlation and causal relationship of traits. Understanding when and where in the tree of life hemiplasy could have happened is important, preventing false inference of convergent evolution. Furthermore, this understanding can provide alternative hypotheses that can be tested with independent data. Using traits related to the climbing ability of spiders we show that, when hemiplasy is unlikely, adequate model testing can be used to better understand correlated evolution, and propose hypotheses to be tested using controlled behavioral and mechanical experiments.
Melanin Synthesis Pathway Interruption: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Knockout of dopa decarboxylase (DDC) in Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Wu Meng-meng , Chen Xu , Xu Qing-xuan , Zang Lian-sheng , Wang Su , Li Ming , Xiao Da 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a very powerful genome editing tool and has been used in many insect species for functional genomics studies through targeted gene mutagenesis. Here, we successfully established CRISPR/Cas9 research platform in Asian multi-colored ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis, an important natural enemy in biological control. In this study, one pivotal gene dopa decarboxylase (DDC) in melanin synthesis was targeted by CRISPR/Cas9 to generate mutants in H. axyridis by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Our results showed that injection of single guide RNA of the DDC and Cas9 protein into preblastoderm eggs induced one insertion and four deletion (indels) mutant H. axyridis. Mutations of HaDDC gene generated 25% mutant rate with melanin missing phenotype in larva, pupa,l and adult stage. The predation ability of the fourth instar larvae has no significant difference between wild (control) and mutant H. axyridis (G0), while these mutant fourth instar larvae had longer developmental period than that of the wild type. Consequently, the total predation of the fourth instar larvae was significantly increased in H. axyridis mutants comparing with the wild type. These results indicated that the success of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in H. axyridis. The gene editing platform in H. axyridis would facilitate the gene function research and promote special strain of predatory ladybird beetle generation.
Vertical Distribution of Arthropod Interactions Within Turfgrass
Authors: Khan Fawad Z A , Joseph Shimat V 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Arthropod predators are abundant in turfgrass systems, and they play an important role in managing pests. Understanding the vertical distribution of predation is critical to developing cultural strategies that enhance and conserve predatory services. However, little is known on how the predation is vertically distributed within the turfgrass canopy. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the vertical distribution of predation within the turfgrass canopy. Clay models were used to emulate the general appearance of Noctuidae caterpillars, to estimate the predatory activity. The choice and no-choice experiments were conducted by placing clay models at 2.54, 5.08, and 7.62 cm from the thatch surface and denoted as lower, intermediate, and upper levels, respectively, within turfgrass canopy. The predator-mediated impressions, paired mark, scratch, deep cut mark, deep distortion, prick, dent, stacked surface impression, scooped mark, granulation, and U-shaped mark, were identified on clay models. The incidence and severity of impressions were significantly greater on clay models placed at the lower canopy level than on those placed at the intermediate and upper canopy levels in the choice and no-choice experiments (P &lt; 0.05). Thus, predators are more likely to find their prey at the soil level. This information can be used to refine management strategies, such as mowing height and insecticide use for effectively managing soil-borne and foliar-feeding arthropod pests and beneficial arthropods.
Presentation of Severe Diabetic Ketoacidosis in New-Onset Type One Diabetes Mellitus: The Importance of a Broad Differential in an Otherwise Healthy Population in the Operational Environment
Authors: Makhlouf Emily M 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious disease entity that must be diagnosed quickly for urgent management in the intensive care unit. Keeping DKA in the differential diagnosis is important, especially in a forward deployed, resource-poor setting. The symptoms and signs of DKA are nonspecific, including fatigue, polydipsia, polyuria, weakness, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain with tachycardia and tachypnea on exam. The testing capability to evaluate for DKA includes a glucometer, urine dipstick, and basal metabolic panel, all of which can be done in most forward deployed settings. The need for a high index of suspicion for DKA in patients with these symptoms is required due to the lack of life-saving insulin and intensive lab monitoring required. The downstream effects of DKA include diabetic coma and death. We present a case report of a 21-year-old otherwise healthy, active duty, male Marine who presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of 4 days of headache and 1 day of nausea with four episodes of non-bloody, non-bilious emesis along with epigastric abdominal pain. He returned to the clinic 2 days later with evidence of tachycardia and increased work of breathing, at which time there was a concern for a pulmonary embolus. By the time he was transferred to the emergency room, he was in severe DKA. The patient was treated in the intensive care unit and made a full recovery. He was processed for limited duty and medical board upon hospital discharge.
Water-maser survey towards off-plane O-rich AGBs around the orbital plane of the Sagittarius stellar stream
Authors: Wu Yuanwei , Zhang Bo , Li Jingjing , Zheng Xing-Wu 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
A 22 GHz water-maser survey was conducted towards 178 O-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars with the aim of identifying maser emission associated with the Sagittarius stellar stream. In this survey, maser emissions were detected in 21 targets, 20 of which were new detections. We studied the Galactic distributions of H2O- and SiO-maser-traced AGBs towards the Sgr orbital plane, and found an elongated structure towards the (l, b) ∼ (340°, 40°) direction. In order to verify its association with the Sagittarius tidal stream, we further studied the 3D motion of these sources, but found that, kinematically, these maser-traced AGBs are still Galactic disc sources rather than stream debris. In addition, we found a remarkable outward motion, ∼50 km s−1 away from the Galactic Centre of these maser-traced AGBs, but with no systermatic lag of rotational speed as reported in 2000 for solar-neighbourhood Miras.
Redshift in varying speed of light cosmology
Authors: Eaves R E 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
In standard cosmology, redshift is related to scale factor by z = a−1 − 1. Varying speed of light cosmologies have also applied this relationship, in which c does not explicitly appear, with the assumption that ℏ ∝ c. Measured redshift is not a comparison of an observed spectrum with the spectrum as it was emitted at a distant location, but a comparison with a reference spectrum generated more locally. This distinction suggests decomposition into two parts: (a) change during the flight of a photon and (b) difference in physics at the time of emission and at the time of observation of a photon associated with an electron transition between specific bound states of an atom. Based on atomic units consistent with data and a relativistic atomic model, redshift is given by z = β(θ)θa−1 − 1, where θ = c/c0, with c0 the present value of c, and β is a function of the atomic parameters describing the transition. The modified form appears to have a modest effect (a difference in scale factor &lt;2 per cent) for redshifts that are not much greater than 10. However, the modification can have a major effect for an early universe with c significantly larger than the present. The simplified form z = θa−1 − 1, which results from a non-relativistic model, provides an approximation for redshift that is not transition-specific.
The PHEMU21 catalogue and astrometric results of the observations of the mutual occultations and eclipses of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter made in 2021
Authors: Emelyanov N , Arlot J-E , Anbazhagan P , André P , Bardecker J , Canaud G , Coliac J F , De Elias Cantalapiedra J , Ellington C K , Fernandez J M , Forbes M , Gazeas K , Gault D , George T , Gourdon F , Herald D , Huber D , Iglesias-Marzoa R , Izquierdo J , Jorba Lloveras R , Kerr S , Lasala A , Le Guen P , Leroy A , Lutz M , Maley P , Mannchen T , Mari J M , Maury A , Newman J , Palafouta S , Prieto Gallego J , Roger P , Röschli D , Selvakumar G , Serra V , Stuart P , Turchenko M , Vasundhara R , Velasco E 
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT
2021 was the year of Jupiter’s equinox, that is the Sun and the Earth passed through the equatorial plane of the planet and therefore the orbital planes of its main satellites. This occurrence made it possible to observe mutual occultations and eclipses between the satellites. Our former experience shows that observations of such events provide accurate astrometric data that can be used to obtain new information on the dynamics of the Galilean satellites. The observations are a series of photometric measurements of a satellite which are carried out through the organization of a world wide campaign of observations thus maximizing the number and the quality of the data obtained. This work focuses on processing the photometric observations of the mutual occultations and eclipses of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter made during the international campaign in 2021. The final goal is to derive new accurate astrometric data. We used an accurate photometric model of mutual events in conjunction with the accuracy of observation. We obtained and processed the 84 light curves obtained during the campaign. As compared with the current best ephemerides, the rms of ‘O–C’ residuals are equal to 49 and 48 mas in right ascension and declination, respectively.
Do Social Norms for Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine Vaping Product Use Predict Trying Nicotine Vaping Products and Attempts to Quit Cigarette Smoking Amongst Adult Smokers? Findings From the 2016–2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys
Authors: Yong Hua-Hie , Chow Ruth , East Katherine , Thrasher James F , Hitchman Sara C , Borland Ron , Cummings K Michael , Fong Geoffrey T 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Introduction
To examine whether perceived injunctive and descriptive social norms towards cigarette and nicotine vaping product (NVP) use predicted subsequent trying NVPs and attempts to quit cigarette smoking amongst current smokers and whether associations varied across countries.

Aims and Methods
Three waves of longitudinal cohort data from the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey were collected between 2016 and 2020 from 2290 adult smokers in Canada, Australia, England, and the United States who had never used NVPs at baseline (either wave 1 or wave 2) and followed up at the subsequent wave (wave 2 or wave 3, respectively) were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations.

Results
Of the injunctive and descriptive norm measures for smoking and NVP use, NVP initiation was only independently predicted by the injunctive interpersonal norm for NVP use, with perceived approval of NVP use by important others predicting higher odds of trying NVPs (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.20 to 2.27). This predictive effect was independent of baseline quit intention with no country variations found. By contrast, making cigarette smoking quit attempts were independently predicted by both injunctive and descriptive interpersonal norms with perceived disapproval of smoking by important others (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.38 to 1.99) and close friends using NVPs (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.79), both associated with higher odds of smoking quit attempts.

Conclusions
Adult smokers who perceive NVP use as normative, either because such behavior is socially approved or common within their close social networks, appear more inclined to try NVPs or make smoking quit attempts than smokers who do not.

Implications
Social norms can shape a person’s behavior and result in behavior change. This study shows that initiation of NVP use behavior among smokers can be reliably predicted by their perception of whether NVP use is acceptable to those important to them within their close social networks. Similarly, any attempts to stop cigarette smoking can be predicted by their perception of how acceptable cigarette smoking is among those who are important to them and whether any of their close friends use NVPs. Changing social norms towards cigarette smoking and NVP use could therefore be incorporated into smoking cessation interventions to help smokers to quit and/or switch to NVP use.
Replacement of dietary corn with corn bran plus condensed distillers solubles effects on feedlot growth performance and carcass trait responses of beef steers
Authors: Francis Forest L , Wilken Mallorie F , Smith Zachary K 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Dry-corn milling biorefineries have the opportunity to install technology to fractionate corn prior to fermentation, which creates a product stream of fibrous bran that can be fed to cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of replacing dietary corn with corn bran and condensed distillers solubles (CBCDS) or wet-corn gluten feed (WCGF) on growth performance, efficiency of dietary net energy (NE) utilization, and carcass characteristics in finishing steers. British × Continental steers (n = 240; initial body weight [BW] = 401 ± 43.2 kg) were assigned to the following dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design (RCBD): 1) a control finishing diet with no corn milling coproducts; 2) a finishing diet that contained CBCDS at 20% replacement of dietary corn; and 3) a finishing diet that contained WCGF at 20% replacement of dietary corn. Dietary corn (50:50 of dry-rolled corn and high-moisture corn) was included at 81.5% for control diet-fed steers and 61.5% for steers-fed CBCDS and WCGF. Steers were fed for 145.5 d until visually appraised to have 1.27 cm of rib fat (RF) and were harvested at a commercial abattoir where carcass data were collected. Data were analyzed as an RCBD with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as a fixed effect and block as a random effect. There were no significant differences (P ≥ 0.28) between treatments for final BW, average daily gain, dry matter intake, feed conversion efficiency, observed dietary NE for maintenance (NEm), and NE for gain (NEg), or observed-to-expected NEm and NEg. Additionally, no differences (P ≥ 0.16) were noted between treatments for hot carcass weight, ribeye area, RF, marbling score, kidney–pelvic–heart fat, estimated empty body fat (EBF), BW at 28% EBF (AFBW), and distribution of USDA Quality and Yield grades. Control steers tended (P = 0.10) to have the highest calculated yield grade followed by WCGF and CBCDS. Furthermore, WCGF steers tended (P = 0.08) to have the highest calculated retail yield followed by CBCDS and control steers. Replacement NEm and NEg values of corn coproducts were determined to be 2.14 and 1.42 for CBCDS and 2.09 and 1.37 for WCGF, respectively. Thus, CBCDS can be included in finishing steer diets at 20% replacement of corn without detriment to growth performance or carcass characteristics.
Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Psychiatric Comorbidities With Gambling Disorder in 12 Clinical Settings in Japan
Authors: Yamada Risa , Miyashita Kumi , Hashimoto Taka-Mitsu , Hironaka Naoyuki , Takada Kohji , Shigeta Masahiro , Miyata Hisatsugu 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
This study investigated the occurrence rate of psychiatric disorders comorbid with gambling disorder, and their clinical significance in the severity of gambling disorder using a retrospective cross-sectional design.

Methods
The medical records of 359 patients (men/women, 326/33; median age, 37.0 years) with gambling disorder as the primary disorder from 12 treatment facilities specializing in addiction (9 clinics and 3 hospitals) in Japan were studied. We investigated patients' comorbid psychiatric disorders, demographic and clinical characteristics, and the severity of gambling disorder based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition.

Results
Of all patients, 58.3% had comorbidities (tobacco use disorder, 20.9%; alcohol use disorder, 13.9%; major depressive disorder, 13.1%; behavioral addictions, 13.1%; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, 6.1%; etc.). Statistical analysis indicated that as the number of comorbid psychiatric disorders increased, psychosocial problems also increased (e.g., proportion of adverse childhood experiences [P < 0.001], and history of suicide attempts [P = 0.009]). In the multivariable analysis, behavioral addictions (β = 0.666; t = 3.151) were significantly associated with gambling disorder severity. Specifically, individuals with gambling disorder comorbid with behavioral addictions including kleptomania, excessive buying, and excessive sex-related behavior may present more severe gambling problems than those without behavioral addictions.

Conclusions
Patients with gambling disorder should be carefully assessed for psychiatric comorbidities and interventions should reflect the individual diagnosis.