bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the detection rates and inference of gravitational-wave and radio emission from black hole neutron star mergers
Authors: Boersma Oliver M. , van Leeuwen Joeri 
Published: June 2022

Context. Black hole neutron star (BHNS) mergers have recently been detected through their gravitational-wave (GW) emission. While no electromagnetic emission has yet been confidently associated with these systems, observing any such emission could provide information on, for example, the neutron star equation of state. Black hole neutron star mergers could produce electromagnetic emission as a short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) and/or an sGRB afterglow upon interaction with the circum-merger medium.
Aims. We make predictions for the expected detection rates with the Square Kilometre Array Phase 1 (SKA1) of sGRB radio afterglows associated with BHNS mergers. We also investigate the benefits of a multi-messenger analysis in inferring the properties of the merging binary.
Methods. We simulated a population of BHNS mergers, making use of recent stellar population synthesis results, and estimated their sGRB afterglow flux to obtain the detection rates with SKA1. We investigate how this rate depends on the GW detector sensitivity, the primary black hole spin, and the neutron star equation of state. We then performed a multi-messenger Bayesian inference study on a fiducial BHNS merger. We simulated its sGRB afterglow and GW emission as input to this study, using recent models for both, and take systematic errors into account.
Results. The expected rates of a combined GW and radio detection with the current-generation GW detectors are likely low. Due to the much increased sensitivity of future GW detectors such as the Einstein Telescope, the chances of an sGRB localisation and radio detection increase substantially. The unknown distribution of the black hole spin has a big influence on the detection rates, however, and it is a large source of uncertainty. Furthermore, when placing our fiducial BHNS merger at 50 and 100 Mpc, we are able to infer both the binary source parameters and the parameters of the sGRB afterglow simultaneously if we combine the GW and radio data. The radio data provide useful extra information on the binary parameters, such as the mass ratio, but this is limited by the systematic errors involved. For our fiducial binary at 200 Mpc, it is considerably more difficult to adequately infer the parameters of the system.
Conclusions. The probability of finding an sGRB afterglow of a BHNS merger is low in the near future but will rise significantly when the next-generation GW detectors come online. Combining information from GW data with radio data is crucial for characterising the jet properties. A better understanding of the systematics will further increase the amount of information on the binary parameters that can be extracted from this radio data.
Small-scale dynamo in cool stars
Authors: Bhatia Tanayveer S. , Cameron Robert H. , Solanki Sami K. , Peter Hardi , Przybylski Damien , Witzke Veronika , Shapiro Alexander 
Published: June 2022

Context. Some of the small-scale solar magnetic flux can be attributed to a small-scale dynamo (SSD) operating in the near-surface convection. The SSD fields have consequences for solar granular convection, basal flux, and chromospheric heating. A similar SSD mechanism is expected to be active in the near-surface convection of other cool main-sequence stars, but this has not been investigated thus far.
Aims. We aim to investigate changes in stratification and convection due to inclusion of SSD fields for F3V, G2V, K0V, and M0V spectral types in the near-surface convection.
Methods. We studied 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models of the four stellar boxes, covering the subsurface convection zone up to the lower photosphere in a small Cartesian box, based on the MURaM radiative-MHD simulation code. We compared the SSD runs against reference hydrodynamic runs.
Results. The SSD is found to efficiently produce magnetic field with energies ranging between 5% to 80% of the plasma kinetic energy at different depths. This ratio tends to be larger for larger Teff. The relative change in density and gas pressure stratification for the deeper convective layers due to SSD magnetic fields is negligible, except for the F-star. For the F-star, there is a substantial reduction in convective velocities due to Lorentz force feedback from magnetic fields, which, in turn, reduces the turbulent pressure.
Conclusions. The SSD in near-surface convection for cool main-sequence stars introduces small but significant changes in thermodynamic stratification (especially for the F-star) due to a reduction in the convective velocities.
Finite element analysis modeling of plates versus intramedullary nails in closed comminuted midshaft tibial fractures
Authors: El-Desouky Mahmoud Ahmed , Saleh Ayman Ali , Amr Sherif Mamdouh , Barakat Ahmed Samir 
Published: June 2022

Background: Tibial shaft fractures are usually treated by interlocking nails or plates. The ideal implant choice depends on many variables. Aim: To assess the mechanical behavior of interlocking nails and plates in the treatment of closed comminuted midshaft fractures of the tibia using finite element analysis. Material and methods: This is a prospective study of 50 patients with a mean age of 28.4 years with closed comminuted fractures of the midshaft of the tibia. Data evaluation was done by Finite element analysis (FEA). Fixation was revised in two cases. Results: After load application, there were significant differences in both bending (P = 0.041) and strain percent (P = 0.017), reflecting that interlocking nails were superior to plates. There were also significant differences between titanium and stainless-steel materials in bending (p = 0.041) and strain percent (p = 0.017) after applying load, indicating that titanium was superior to stainless steel. Conclusion: Interlocking nails are superior to plates in treating midshaft tibial fractures. The use of blocking screws may be needed in interlocking nails depending on the pattern and extension of the fracture.
An Amplitude-Integrated EEG Evaluation of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Lust Christopher , Vesoulis Zachary , Zempel John , Gu Hongjie , Lee Stephanie , Rao Rakesh , Mathur Amit M. 
Published: June 2022

Objective Infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) have disrupted neurobehavior that requires hospitalization and treatment. This article aimed to evaluate electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities using amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) in NOWS.
Study Design Eighteen term born infants with NOWS were recruited prospectively for an observational pilot study. aEEG monitoring was started within 24 hours of recruitment and twice weekly through discharge. aEEG data were analyzed for background and seizures. Severity of withdrawal was monitored using the modified Finnegan scoring (MFS) system.
Results Fifteen neonates had complete datasets. Thirteen (87%) had continuous aEEG background in all recordings. None had sleep–wake cyclicity (SWC) at initial recording. Brief seizures were noted in 9 of 15 (60%) infants. Lack of SWC was associated with higher MFS scores. At discharge, 8 of 15 (53%) had absent or emerging SWC.
Conclusion aEEG abnormalities (absent SWC) are frequent and persist despite treatment at the time of discharge in the majority of patients with NOWS. Brief electrographic seizures are common. Neonates with persistent aEEG abnormalities at discharge warrant close follow-up.
Key Points
Dipole-like and quadrupole-like reflection modes for Ag nanocube arrays on dielectric substrates
Authors: Li Penggang , Cai Yuefei , Li Cheng , Li JinChai , Huang Kai , Kang Junyong , Zhang Rong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Localized surface plasmons (LSPs) have a wide range of applications in enhancing the performance of optoelectronic devices. For those applications, LSPs are often located on the surfaces or interfaces between dielectric mediums. Hence, it is necessary to investigate interaction between LSPs and interface. In this paper, we investigate the far-field and near-field LSP behaviors of silver nanocube arrays on a dielectric substrate. Finite-difference time-domain simulation results demonstrate that, when light is incident normally from the vacuum, a much deeper dip between the two peaks corresponding to bonding and anti-bonding modes of the LSPs generated in the metal nanocubes on dielectric mediums, comparing to the case that incident light is from the substrate. The charge distribution diagram shows that these behaviors can be described as a dipole-like mode and a quadrupole-like mode. A model based on the Fano interferences using modified Fresnel equations is employed to explain the physical mechanism of these behaviors. It reveals that this phenomenon is caused by the phase difference between the superimposed dipolar modes generated on the upper and lower interfaces of nanocube. A simplified mathematical model has been built to illustrate that symmetric dips can arise from the Fano interference between two discrete states and one continuum state.
Electron spin modulation engineering in oxygen-involved electrocatalysis
Authors: Yu Yue , Xue Dongping , Xia Huicong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhao Shuyan , Wei Yifan , Du Yu , Zhou Ying , Yan Wenfu , Zhang Jianan 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reduction (OER) are regarded as the key reactions via the sustainable system (fuel cell and water splitting), respectively. In OER, the transition from singlet oxygen species to triplet oxygen molecules is involved, meanwhile the ORR involves the transition from triplet oxygen molecules to singlet oxygen species. However, in these processes, the number of unpaired electrons is not conserved, which is not thermodynamically favorable and creates an additional energy barrier. Fortunately, regulating the electrocatalysis by spin-state modulation enables a unique effect on the catalytic performance, but the current understanding on spin-state engineering for electro-catalyzing ORR and OER is still insufficient. Herein, this review summarized the in-spin engineering for the state-of-the-art ORR and OER electrocatalysts. It began by introducing engineering of spin-state to eg filling for ORR and OER process, and then moved to spin polarization and spin-pinning effect for OER process. Various designed strategies focusing on how to regulate the spin-state of the active center have been summarized up. The connectivity of the structures of typical ORR (e.g. metal–nitrogen–carbon) and OER (e.g. design strategies oxides, metal organic frameworks) catalysts depending on the spin level is also discussed. Finally, we present the outlook from the aspects of template catalysts, characterization methods, regulation strategies, theoretical calculations, which will further expand the possibility of better electrocatalytic performance through spin-state modulation. This review concluded some open suggestions and prospects, which are worthy of the community’s future work.
Efficient design and implementation of a distributed temperature sensor for field apparatus
Authors: He Qigong , Yue Yuanjie , Jia Xiaodong 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The signal acquisition and processing ability of distributed temperature sensor based on Raman scattering (DTS-Raman) directly determines the accuracy, spatial resolution, temperature resolution, and other key indicators of the entire system. Real-time and effective processing is the key to ensuring the practicability of the field system. Owing to the long distance of the DTS system, the energy of the weak Raman scattering is further reduced when it reaches the avalanche photodiode detector because of fiber loss, which results in a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and an increase in the temperature measurement error. To improve the SNR and ensure the accuracy of the demodulation temperature, the signal acquisition and processing module must be able to perform real-time and fast processing of large amounts of data. The existing processing structure based on the acquisition board requires a special personal computer and host processing software, which limits the application of DTS system. Therefore, a real-time acquisition and processing scheme based on field-programmable gate array is proposed in this paper. A set of cyclic shift register sequence (CSRS) with Ping-Pang functions is designed to improve the storage efficiency. According to the period of the laser source, the accumulated results stored in the CSRS and echo pulse data are accumulated and shifted in real time to realize circular utilization of storage resources. A DTS-Raman system prototype and test platform are built to verify the effects of the proposed scheme. The experimental results show that the scheme can realize a temperature accuracy within

±

0.475

°

C

in real time and has a high resource utilization efficiency.
A single-step regression method based on transformer for retinal layer segmentation
Authors: Cao Guogang , Zhang Shu , Mao Hongdong , Wu Yan , Wang Dong , Dai Cuixia 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The shape and structure of retinal layers are basic characteristics for the diagnosis of many ophthalmological diseases. Based on B-Scans of optical coherence tomography, most of retinal layer segmentation methods are composed of two-steps: classifying pixels and extracting retinal layers, in which the optimization of two independent steps decreases the accuracy. Although the methods based on deep learning are highly accurate, they require a large amount of labeled data. This paper proposes a single-step method based on transformer for retinal layer segmentation, which is trained by axial data (A-Scans), to obtain the boundary of each layer. The proposed method was evaluated on two public data sets. The first one contains eight retinal layer boundaries for diabetic macular edema, and the second one contains nine retinal layer boundaries for healthy controls and subjects with multiple sclerosis. Its absolute average distance errors are 0.99 pixels and 3.67 pixels, respectively, for the two sets, and its root mean square error is 1.29 pixels for the latter set. In addition, its accuracy is acceptable even if the training data is reduced to 0.3. The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance while maintaining the correct topology and requires less labeled data.
Crack growth behavior during actuation cycling of hot extruded and annealed Ni50Ti30Hf20 high temperature shape memory alloys
Authors: Ekiciler Meric , Kockar Benat 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Actuator-type applications of high temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) require better understanding of the crack growth behavior at high temperatures as there are few studies on how cracks propagate and cause fracture with phase transformation via cooling and heating under constant load. In this study, hot-extruded and subsequently annealed Ni50Ti30Hf20 (at.%) HTSMA dog-bone shaped tensile test samples with pre-notches were cooled and heated under uniaxially applied constant load magnitude till fracture. Therefore, the crack growth behavior and effect of annealing heat treatment on the crack growth rate of Ni50Ti30Hf20 (at.%) HTSMA during actuation fatigue were particularly determined. Additionally, fatigue tests were conducted twice on the pre-notched samples to investigate the repeatability of the data obtained from the experiments. It was shown that slower crack growth was observed in the pre-notched annealed samples than in the hot extruded samples because of the possible stress-relieving effect of annealing after the hot extrusion process. Several minor side crack formations and the propagation of these side cracks together with the crack growth behavior of the major crack were realized in the annealed samples. In contrast, the major crack growth rate was found to be higher than that of the growth rate of the minor side cracks. Additionally, the annealing process led to obtain consistent crack growth rate values and actuation behavior in the cooling-heating cycles.
Design and experimental research of abrasive particle detection sensor based on coil magnetic field
Authors: Gu C. , Bai C. , Cheng Y. , Shi H. , Lebile I.J. , Zhang H. , Sun Y. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper develops a dual-coil sensor integrated with
high-permeability materials based on inductive sensor technology to
detect wear particles in oil. This method is mainly used for online
detection and fault analysis of pollutants in hydraulic and
lubricating oil systems. The sensor innovatively embeds permalloy
into the sensing unit of the sensor to generate high gradient
magnetic field in the sensing area, consequently improving the
detection sensitivity of the sensor. The detection unit consists of
two pieces of permalloy and two plane coils. The permalloys have a
rectangular groove at the center, which is placed in line with the
inner hole of the coil, thereby forming the detection
area. Particles in the microchannel can be detected as they flow
through the detection area. The article theoretically analyzes the
working principle of the sensor and establishes a verification
experiment system. The experimental results show that after adding
permalloy to the sensing unit, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of
iron particles is increased by more than 40%, and the SNR of copper
particles is increased by more than 30%. As the particle size
increases, the SNR decreases. Using this design, the range of the
lower limit detection for ferromagnetic metal particles increased to
10–15 μm, while that of non-ferromagnetic metal particles
increased to 60 μm. Compared with traditional inductive
sensors, the addition of permalloy greatly improves the sensor's
performance, which significantly boosts the sensitivity of the
dual-coil type sensor.
Tile Computer-on-Module for the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter Phase-II upgrades
Authors: Gololo M.G.D. , Carrió Argos F. , Mellado B. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The Tile PreProcessor (TilePPr) is the core element of the Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) off-detector electronics for High-luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). The TilePPr comprises FPGA-based boards to operate and read out the TileCal on-detector electronics. The Tile Computer on Module (TileCoM) mezzanine is embedded within TilePPr to carry out three main functionalities. These include remote configuration of on-detector electronics and TilePPr FPGAs, interface the TilePPr with the ATLAS Trigger and Data Acquisition (TDAQ) system, and interfacing the TilePPr with the ATLAS Detector Control System (DCS) by providing monitoring data. The TileCoM is a 10-layer board with a Zynq UltraScale+ ZU2CG for processing data, interface components to integrate with TilePPr and the power supply to be connected to the Advanced Telecommunication Computing Architecture carrier. A CentOS embedded Linux is deployed on the TileCoM to implement the required functionalities for the HL-LHC. In this paper we present the hardware and firmware developments of the TileCoM system in terms of remote programming, interface with ATLAS TDAQ system and DCS system.
Effects of Variation Emulsifier on Stability of Red Palm Oil Nanoemulsion (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)
Authors: Dewandari K T , Sofwan G 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Red palm oil is a natural substance that is rich in carotene and tocopherol as antioxidants. Red palm oil has a less stable property, can be degraded by lighting exposure, and is oxidized easily not to be stored longer. One solution to overcome these problems, red palm oil, was made in the form of nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion of oil in water (o/w) is one alternative to improve the solubility and stability of bioactive components contained in red palm oil. This study used four formulas using red palm oil and various emulsifiers of span 80 and tween 20 with a high-pressure energy method of High-Pressure Homogenizer as many as five cycles to produce nanoemulsion with the particle size of less than 200 nm. The optimization process produced the best formula with the concentration of 10% red palm oil, 5% span 20, and 5% tween 80 with the particle size of 134.4 nm and the diameter size distribution of homogenous droplet with a total carotene level of 9.67 ppm. Nanoemulsion is stable during the storage and did not change significantly.
Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Fermented Adlay (Coix lacryma jobi-L) Flour
Authors: Kristanti D , Ratnawati L 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Modification of adlay (Coix lacryma jobi-L) used lactic acid bacteria fermentation had been done. Fermentation caused changes in the function properties of flour. This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical and functional properties of adlay flour fermented using lactic acid bacteria. Adlay polished grains was fermented by lactic acid bacteria at different type and fermentation time. The experimental design used a completely randomized design, two factors and three replications. First factor was bacterial type (Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici) and the second was fermentation time (24, 48, 72 h). The result showed that the fermentation process affected the decrease of moisture content, a* value, b* value, water and oil holding capacity, peak viscosity, final viscosity and peak time of adlay flour. Otherwise, the fermentation process increased the L* value of adlay flour. The difference in bacterial type and fermentation time were not significantly affect the moisture content, pasting temperature, and morphology of adlay flour.
Nutritional and Functional Properties of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)-based Products and Potential Valorisation of Sorghum Bran
Authors: Widowati S , Luna P 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) has a nutritional profile similar to rice, maize, and wheat. However, the tannin content in sorghum, which causes a slightly bitter taste, makes sorghum products less appealing to the public. Tannins can be reduced by more than 70% by grading, polishing, and soaking for 8 hours in a 0.3% of Na2CO3 solution. The tannin content in the sorghum grain and flour can be adjusted to still function as an antioxidant and has a pleasant taste. Sorghum flour has a 6-8% dietary fibre content and a β-glucan fibre content of 3-6%. The GI of various processed sorghum products is low. Sorghum rice and prospective flour are used as raw materials in various products such as instant sorghum rice, instant sorghum porridge, various cakes, and kinds of pasta. Additionally, the by-product of sorghum processing namely bran contains essential functional carbohydrate which can be utilised as fibre, thickener, and packaging. Sorghum development in Indonesia, as well as sorghum-based products and by-products, must be supported by researchers, local governments, and the private sector. This review aims to focus on the nutritional properties of sorghum, sorghum-based products, their health benefits and potential applications of sorghum by-products in food industry.