bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Majority nation‐building through language requirements: Minority perspectives from EU27
Authors: Carlsson Nina 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThis study contributes with minority‐centred perspectives to the policy trend of imposing majority language requirements on immigrants. With the aim to identify and explore (dis)connections and value conflicts between policies of national minority recognition and immigrant integration, it develops and applies four ideal types of minority‐linguistic integration regimes to a mapping of integration and minority language policies in 27 European Union (EU) member states. Most states with recognized minorities are found to exclude national minorities from integration policies. The finding is connected to a discussion that identifies normative tensions between the promotion of national minority languages, the linguistic barriers faced by non‐citizen migrants and the asymmetries in how identity and instrumental values are assigned to minority, migrant and majority languages. The study challenges the imposition of language requirements on immigrants and calls for contextually sensitive ways to jointly consider the position of national minorities, majorities, and immigrants in language policies.
A soft systems methodology and interpretive structural modeling framework for Green infrastructure development to control runoff in Tehran metropolis
Authors: Saeedi Iman , Mikaeili Tabrizi Ali Reza , Bahremand Abdolreza , Salmanmahiny Abdolrassoul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractGreen Infrastructure Development (GID) is a well‐known method for dealing with runoff control and mitigating the urbanization effects on hydrological cycles. Other than hydrological factors, GID is obviously intertwined with many socioeconomic, environmental, and aesthetic considerations, constraints, and drivers. Human perceptions are valuable resources to distinguish these considerations and can be derived from unstructured information using a systematic method. The purpose of this article is to exhibit how the perceptions of stakeholders were derived in Tehran for a conceptual model of green infrastructure development. For this, we applied a combination of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). The results revealed the main stakeholders, their relationships and responsibility, main obstacles for GID, and the conceptual system of activities for GIs development in Tehran. Based on the results, actions for improving the current situation were proposed and categorized in 10 main components including: further research, regulation, financial support, negotiation with stakeholders, evaluation and monitoring, enhancing stakeholders' interactions, providing comprehensive database, acculturalization, managerial reform, and training of stakeholders. ISM was performed to obtain a visible, ordered, and well‐defined model of the relationships among the main components. The results revealed that the item “further research” plays the main role in actualizing three components “regulation,” “financial support,” and “negotiation with stakeholders” in the process of GID in Tehran while the realization of the rest of the components depends on the former three components.
Ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing and conch shape in the Late Cretaceous gaudryceratid ammonoids: implications for their post‐embryonic palaeoecology
Authors: Kawakami Yoshitaka , Uchiyama Naomi , Wani Ryoji 
Published: January 2022

AbstractIn this study, we analysed the ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing between succeeding chambers of the gaudryceratid ammonoid, Gaudryceras tenuiliratum, which were collected in the Tomamae and Mikasa areas of Hokkaido, Japan. The ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing in G. tenuiliratum demonstrate a general trend: two cycles of increasing to decreasing septal spacing until about the 30th septum, gradually decreasing septal spacing until about the 70th septum, and then gradually increasing septal spacing at least until about the 110th septum. The ontogenetic trajectories of the whorl expansion rate (WER) in our specimens also demonstrated that a decreasing trend changed into an increasing trend at a conch diameter of c. 5–7 mm. This conch diameter corresponds to the end of the second cycle of increasing to decreasing septal spacing occurring before about the 30th septum, at which point G. tenuiliratum possibly transitioned from planktic to nektobenthic habits. No significant differences were detected in the ontogenetic trajectories of septal spacing and conch shape between the two areas, which implies that the ontogenetic trajectory patterns of septal spacing in the Late Cretaceous ammonoids were taxonomy‐dependent rather than environment‐dependent, although this should be further examined with G. tenuiliratum collected from areas outside of Hokkaido.
Novel CD63‐PRKCB fusion in a case of pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma
Authors: Scollan Margaret E. , Yamashiro Darrell J. , Niedt George W. , Garzon Maria C. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPigmented epithelioid melanocytoma (PEM) is an intermediate‐grade melanocytic tumor with considerable histologic overlap with other melanocytic neoplasms such as epithelioid blue nevus (EBN), which is associated with the neoplastic syndrome Carney complex (CC). Next‐generation sequencing is a valuable tool for identifying the primary drivers of melanocytic neoplasms and differentiating them from one another. While germline variants in the protein kinase cAMP‐dependent regulatory type 1 alpha (PRKAR1A) gene have been associated with EBN and CC, fusions in protein kinase C‐alpha (PRKCA) have been shown as sporadic drivers of PEM. Herein, we report the diagnosis and workup of a case of pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma with a novel protein kinase C‐beta (PRKCB) fusion.
OsCyp2‐P, an auxin‐responsive cyclophilin, regulates Ca2+ calmodulin interaction for an ion‐mediated stress response in rice
Authors: Roy Suchismita , Mishra Manjari , Kaur Gundeep , Singh Supreet , Rawat Nishtha , Singh Prabhjeet , Singla‐Pareek Sneh L. , Pareek Ashwani 
Published: January 2022

AbstractOsCYP2‐P is an active cyclophilin (having peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans‐isomerase activity, PPIase) isolated from the wild rice Pokkali having a natural capacity to grow and yield seeds in coastal saline regions of India. Transcript abundance analysis in rice seedlings showed the gene is inducible by multiple stresses, including salinity, drought, high temperature, and heavy metals. To dissect the role of OsCYP2‐P gene in stress response, we raised overexpression (OE) and knockdown (KD) transgenic rice plants with >2–3 folds higher and approximately 2‐fold lower PPIase activity, respectively. Plants overexpressing this gene had more favorable physiological and biochemical parameters (K+/Na+ ratio, electrolytic leakage, membrane damage, antioxidant enzymes) than wild type, and the reverse was observed in plants that were knocked down for this gene. We propose that OsCYP2‐P contributes to stress tolerance via maintenance of ion homeostasis and thus prevents toxic cellular ion buildup and membrane damage. OE plants were found to have a higher harvest index and higher number of filled grains under salinity and drought stress than wild type. OsCYP2‐P interacts with calmodulin, indicating it functions via the Ca‐CaM pathway. Compared to the WT, the germinating OE seeds exhibited a substantially higher auxin level, and this hormone was below the detection limits in the WT and KD lines. These observations strongly indicate that OsCyp2‐P affects the signaling and transport of auxin in rice.
On some limitations of probabilistic models for dimension‐reduction: Illustration in the case of probabilistic formulations of partial least squares
Authors: Etiévant Lola , Viallon Vivian 
Published: January 2022

Partial least squares (PLS) refer to a class of dimension‐reduction techniques aiming at the identification of two sets of components with maximal covariance, to model the relationship between two sets of observed variables and , with . Probabilistic formulations have recently been proposed for several versions of the PLS. Focusing first on the probabilistic formulation of the PLS‐SVD proposed by el Bouhaddani et al., we establish that the constraints on their model parameters are too restrictive and define particular distributions for , under which components with maximal covariance (solutions of PLS‐SVD) are also necessarily of respective maximal variances (solutions of principal components analyses of x and y, respectively). We propose an alternative probabilistic formulation of PLS‐SVD, no longer restricted to these particular distributions. We then present numerical illustrations of the limitation of the original model of el Bouhaddani et al. We also briefly discuss similar limitations in another latent variable model for dimension‐reduction.
Stress Monitoring in a Real-Size Reinforced Concrete Column Using Torsional Resonance
Authors: Spalvier Agustin , Laco Santiago , Cabrera Gonzalo , Cetrangolo Gonzalo 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Nondestructive detection and monitoring of stress in concrete structural members is highly coveted. Yet, there are still no efficient techniques capable of achieving that goal. The leading approach towards this goal has been based on acoustoelasticity, the relationship between mechanical properties, such as mechanical wave speed, and the stress state of the solid medium. In concrete materials, acoustoelasticity has been increasingly studied, mainly using wave propagation phenomena, and usually in small samples of plain concrete — without steel reinforcement — axially loaded. A less studied approach involves the use of resonance phenomena, which offers other benefits. In this study, we tested a real-size reinforced concrete column of cross section 20 cm × 20 cm and 2 m long, by applying three cycles of controlled compressive axial load, varying from 0 to 4 MPa, and measuring axial strains and torsional frequencies of vibration. Repeatable results show that the frequencies of vibration and applied compression are positively correlated. indicating a dominant elastic behavior. This study is an important step forward on the path to understanding and implementing a nondestructive technique for stress monitoring of real concrete structures.
One Dimensional Nonlinear Wave Propagation in a Rate Independent Pinched Hysteretic Material
Authors: Ghodake Pravinkumar 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Theoretical and numerical studies on wave propagation in symmetric hysteretic material models such as Preisach–Mayergoyz (P-M), Hodgdon, Power Law, and Bouc-Wen, etc. by researchers like McCall, Guyer, Van Den Abeele, Johnson, Meurer, Nazarov, Radostin, Zhan, Ghodake, and others (1994–2021) demonstrated generation of only odd harmonics. In this study, nonlinear wave propagation in a 1D symmetric pinched rate-independent hysteretic material is discussed. A 1D space is discretized as a long chain of spring-mass elements by adding hysteretic elements in parallel. Hysteretic elements are modeled as a rate-independent pinched hysteresis model proposed by Biswas (2016), which is an improvement to Reid’s and Muravskii’s models. The system of equations is solved numerically. Results show that propagation of a single frequency wave generates only odd harmonics. Very nice evolving symmetric pinched hysteretic loops are observed for a Gaussian input pulse. Due to one-way two-wave mixing, sum and difference frequencies are observed along with the odd harmonics of the input frequencies. In mixing also symmetric pinched hysteretic curves are observed corresponding to input frequencies and their higher harmonics. Instead of minor loops as seen in Bouc-Wen, Two-States (Ghodake 2020), and Asymmetric Bouc-Wen (Ghodake 2021) models, small symmetric pinched loops are observed due to mixing.
Modelling Anisotropy Influence on Guided Wave Scattering at Composite Delaminations
Authors: Hervin Flora , Fromme Paul 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Carbon fibre reinforced composite laminates are widely used in aerospace structures but are prone to barely visible impact damage (BVID). Depending on impact severity, delaminations can form below the surface of the laminate, reducing the load bearing capacity. Efficient structural health monitoring (SHM) of composite panels can be achieved using guided waves propagating along the structure. Propagation and scattering of the A0 Lamb wave mode in a quasi-isotropic composite laminate was modelled using full three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element (FE) simulations. Individual ply layers were modelled using homogeneous unidirectional composite material properties to accurately capture the anisotropy effects. FE predictions for scattering and energy trapping at delaminations were compared to experimental measurements.
Noncontact, full-wavefield guided wave measurements were obtained using a laser vibrometer. Good agreement was found between experiments and FE predictions. The effect of delamination shape and depth was investigated through a numerical parameter study. The angular dependency of the amplitude of the scattered wave was calculated. The influence of ply layer anisotropy on wave propagation in an undamaged laminate was investigated numerically. The sensitivity of guided waves for the detection of delaminations due to barely visible impact damage (BVID) in composite panels has been verified.
Remote, Volumetric Ultrasonic Imaging of Defects Using Two-Dimensional Laser Induced Phased Arrays
Authors: Lukacs Peter , Davis Geo , Stratoudaki Theodosia , Javadi Yashar , Pierce Gareth , Gachagan Anthony 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Manufacturing processes, such as welding and additive manufacturing, take place at high temperatures and extreme environments that offer significant challenges to conventional non-destructive testing methods. Laser Induced Phased Arrays (LIPAs) have evolved as a promising testing method for the aforesaid applications due to its remote and couplant free operation. Contrary to transducer-based phased arrays, LIPAs are synthesized in post-processing by scanning the generation and detection lasers. The data from one-dimensional (1D) phased arrays are used to produce two-dimensional (2D), cross-sectional images, whereas the data from two-dimensional phased arrays generate three-dimensional (3D) images, thus providing more information on defect characterization. In this work, two-dimensional (2D) LIPAs are synthesized in the non-destructive thermoelastic regime using lasers for ultrasonic generation and detection, in order to image defects at different depths inside an aluminum sample. The acquired data is processed using the Total Focusing Method (TFM) algorithm to obtain volumetric images representing the interior of the sample. A 3D finite element (FE) model is also developed to support the experiments.
Elastic Properties of IN718 Fabricated via Laser Directed Energy Deposition (DED)
Authors: Rahman M. M. , Huanes-Alvan G. , Sahasrabudhe H. , Chakrapani S. K. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Additive manufacturing of nickel based super alloys such as IN718 is highly desirable since they have a wide range of applications in high performance structures. Compared to conventional methods, laser processing allows for near net shaping of complex geometries. However, laser processing can result in very complex microstructures including meta-stable phases, grain boundary segregation of precipitates, dendritic grains and cellular microstructure. Describing elastic properties of such structures can be quite challenging due to these features. This article explores the use of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) to characterize the elastic properties of IN718 samples fabricated using Laser Directed Energy Deposition (DED). For initial estimates of the elastic constants, ultrasonic wave (longitudinal and shear) velocities measured at 5MHz and 2.25 MHz respectively. The initial assumption was that the eventual structure will be orthotropic and the 9 elastic constants were determined using a combination of RUS and propagating wave experiments. A finite element approach was adopted to model this system and to minimize the values of elastic constants. The results seem to suggest that the secondary phases such as Laves will influence the eventual anisotropy of the bulk structure.
Application of Artificial Intelligence for Automated Detection of Defects in Nuclear Energy Domain
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Eleftherios , Kernin Yann 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ensuring the integrity of the primary circuit in nuclear power plants is crucial considering the extreme pressures and temperatures while operating Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR). Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) on such harsh environments is a challenging and complex scenario. Automated assistance on acquisition and analysis systems can importantly contribute as supplementary safety barrier by providing real-time alarms for potential existence of defects.
In this paper we present the application of Artificial Intelligence in Visual Testing (VT) of Bottom Mounted Nozzles (BMN) of the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV). The method that we apply is based on Object Detection using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) combined with the Transfer Learning technique in order to limit the necessary training time of the model and the use of Data Augmentation methods for reducing the size of the learning data set. The proposed CNN demonstrates great performances for automatic surface defect detection (cracks) in highly noisy environments with variating illumination conditions. These performances combined with accurate localization and characterization of the defects confirms the interest of advanced CNNs against traditional imaging processing methods for NDT applications. In this study, the results of a comparative blind-test between Human VT analysts are also presented.
In Situ Measurement of Poisson’s Ratio of Steel Plates During Thermal Processes Using Resonant Modes
Authors: Grünsteidl Clemens , Kerschbaummayr Christian , Scherleitner Edgar , Reitinger Bernhard , Watzl Georg , Mitter Thomas , Angeli Gerhard 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
We demonstrate the determination of the Poisson’s ratio of steel plates during thermal processing based on contact free laser ultrasound measurements. Our method utilizes resonant elastic waves sustained by the plate, provides high amplitudes, and requires only a moderate detection bandwidth. For the analysis, the thickness of the samples does not need to be known. The trend of the measured Poisson’s ratio reveals a phase transformation in dual-phase steel samples. While previous approaches based on the measurement of the longitudinal sound velocity cannot distinguish between the ferritic and austenitic phase above 770°C, the shown method can. If the thickness of the samples is known, the method also provides both sound velocities of the material. The gained complementary information could be used to analyze phase composition of steel from low temperatures up to its melting point.
On the Assessment of Masonry Structures
Authors: Diaferio Mariella , Venerito Marilena , Vitti Michele 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The conservation of existing masonry buildings has reached a greater attention especially in the Southern Europe, where such structures are widespread, and need a periodic check also because they are the testimony of the history and the architectural progress of these areas. However, the assessment of the earthquake performance level of these structures is rather difficult for many reasons: the lack of information, the high variability of adopted materials and construction techniques, the existence of several interventions occurred during their service life, etc. These circumstances make difficult to define an accurate numerical model of these structures, by which assess their safety level and design possible strengthening and retrofitting. The present research deals with these issues by discussing the non-destructive tests performed on a masonry building in Bari, which in the 1977 was converted in a church and dedicated to San Marco. The San Marco church is an isolated building, whose plan dimensions are 16 m × 23 m, and with a maximum height equal to 10.50m. The church stands in a seismic prone zone and is characterized at the ground level by barrel vaults in some parts and by wooden roofs in the remaining parts, and by a gable roof realized by wood. The experimental investigations are utilized to validate a numerical model of the structure.
Identification of the Orthotropic Elastic Tensor of Composites Using Full Field Lamb Wave Energy Velocities and Dispersion Curves
Authors: Orta Adil Han , Azadi Shain , Hedayatrasa Saeid , Roozen Nicolaas Bernardus , Van Paepegem Wim , Kersemans Mathias , Van Den Abeele Koen 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
A multi-objective inversion procedure is proposed based on 3D Lamb wave dispersion curves and energy velocity matching to identify the elastic stiffness tensor of orthotropic composite plates. To validate the procedure, finite element model simulations and experimental measurements have been conducted on an aluminum and a composite plate by using piezoelectric actuator broadband signals. Experimentally, the in-plane and out-of-plane velocity components on the surface of these plates were measured using a 3D Infrared Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer. By exploiting Fourier Transform, the measured space-time domain data is converted into the frequency-wavenumber domain, from which dispersion curves are extracted. To identify the energy velocity, Short Time Fourier Transform and linear Radon transformation have been applied. Then, image processing is used both for dispersion and energy velocity curves to match the amplitude of the in-plane and out-of-plane velocities on the surface of the plate. The Semi Analytical Finite Element method (SAFE) was selected as the forward model to be embedded in an inversion algorithm due to its accuracy and robustness. Using a multi-objective genetic algorithm, the elastic tensor is calculated by simultaneously minimizing the error between (i) the measured and calculated dispersion curves on one hand, and (ii) the measured and calculated energy velocity slowness curves on the other hand for every in and out of plane velocity measurement. The mean values of the pareto front are selected as optimum parameters. The reconstructed elastic stiffness properties show good agreement with less than 6% average deviation.
Acoustic Magnifying Lens Based on Compact Non-Dispersive Spiral Metamaterial Array
Authors: Xiang Li , Jian Li , Xinjing Huang 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Acoustic magnifying lenses are utilized in a diversity of applications, from nondestructive detection of damages in materials to biomedical imaging. Acoustic metamaterials (MMs) provide powerful control over sound waves by using periodic structures made from natural materials. Existing acoustic meta-lens are commonly associated with designing dispersive metamaterial or connect with local resonator, thus resulting in inevitable deformity of waveforms. Although the four-blade spiral MMs has non-dispersive properties, how to further improve the transmission and reduce the manufacturing difficulty in a compact size is important to construction of a meta-lens.
We propose a single-blade spiral metamaterial, which has higher transmission and non-dispersion properties. Based on this meta-unit, we designed and manufactured a meta-lens with the ability to amplify sound signals at the focus point. Different from previous research, the meta-lens is established by periodic meta-helicoid unit and presents great focusing ability while maintaining a compact volume. We show, both theoretically and experimentally, the thin flat acoustic magnifier can turn normally incident signals focusing on the prescribed point and augmenting pressure amplitude about three times. Moreover, the diameter of each element is only 10 mm, and the thickness of the meta-lens is 48mm. Our new strategy may offer an alternate route to the design of novel meta-lens and devices for acoustic application in the future.