bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current and future perspectives on the utility of provocative tests of anal sphincter function: A state‐of‐the‐art summary
Authors: O'Connor Alexander , Byrne Caroline M. , Vasant Dipesh H. , Sharma Abhiram , Liao Donghua , Klarskov Niels , Kiff Edward S. , Telford Karen 
Published: November 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe maintenance of fecal continence depends upon coordinated interactions between the pelvic floor, anorectum, and anal sphincter complex orchestrated by central and peripheral neural activities. The current techniques to objectively measure anorectal function rely on fixed diameter catheters placed inside the anal canal with a rectal balloon to obtain measurements of anal resting and squeeze function, and rectal compliance. Until recently it had not been possible to measure the distensibility of the anal canal, or in other words its ability to resist opening against an increasing pressure, which has been proposed as the main determinant of a biological sphincter's function. Anal acoustic reflectometry (AAR) and the functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) are two novel, provocative techniques that dynamically assess the anal sphincter complex under volume‐controlled distension. In doing so, both provide information on the viscoelastic properties of the anal canal and offer new insights into its function.PurposeThis review details the current and potential future applications of AAR and FLIP and highlights the unanswered questions relevant to these new technologies.
Diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii Prosthetic Joint Infection Using mNGS and ptNGS: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Huang Changyu , Ding Haiqi , Lin Yiming , Zhang Zeyu , Fang Xinyu , Chen Yanshu , Chen Yang , Zhang Chaofan , Li Wenbo , Zhang Wenming , Huang Zida 
Published: November 2022

BackgroundCoxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) is the causative agent of Q fever and is found worldwide; however, prosthetic joint infections caused by C. burnetii are rarely seen. Because of advances in molecular diagnostic techniques, prosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by C. burnetii can now be diagnosed.Case PresentationA 77‐year‐old male who had undergone total knee arthroplasty had a displaced prosthesis and periprosthetic osteolysis; he had no obvious signs of infection, and microbiological culture was negative. However, C. burnetii was detected by metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) and pathogen‐targeted next‐generation sequencing (ptNGS). Finally, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the diagnosis of C. burnetii prosthetic joint infection (PJI). After revision surgery (one‐stage revision) and oral antibiotics (doxycycline and moxifloxacin hydrochloride), the patient's symptoms disappeared, and he regained the ability to walk. During the 6‐month follow‐up, the patient's knee showed no signs of swelling, pain or the recurrence of infection, and he experienced no significant complications. We also present a review of the literature for other cases of C. burnetii PJI.ConclusionsThe symptoms of C. burnetii PJI may be different from those of Q fever, which may lead to misdiagnosis. mNGS and ptNGS may be helpful for the identification of C. burnetii. Once the diagnosis of C. burnetii PJI is confirmed, doxycycline in combination with a fluoroquinolone can be effectively administered after revision surgery.
Learning from each other: The hidden benefit of practice variation
Authors: Conway Jennifer , Bansal Neha , Amdani Shahnawaz , Auerbach Scott 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIt has long been recognized that there is significant variation in the way that centers approach clinical management and problems within pediatric transplantation. This has recently been highlighted in two publications by the PHTS showing practice variation in both surveillance for cardiac allograft vasculopathy and diagnosis of acute rejection. These differences in practice are important to recognize and serve as the foundation for collaborative learning, developing research questions, and implementing quality improvement initiatives. To further understand the practice variation within the society, and to begin the process of learning from each other, the society has developed a Clinical Approach Working Group, whose task is to tackle issues seen in transplant and integrate current literature with clinical protocols and experience from the individual sites. The early work of this group has results in the series of Clinical approach articles presented in this issue of Pediatric Transplantation.
Clinical approach to vasoplegia in the transplant patient from the Pediatric Heart Transplant Society
Authors: Deshpande Shriprasad R. , Bearl David W. , Eghtesady Pirooz , Henderson Heather T. , Auerbach Scott , Jeewa Aamir , Bansal Neha , Amdani Shahnawaz , Richmond Marc E. , Sacks Loren D. , Shih Renata , Townsend Madeleine , Conway Jennifer 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis manuscript outlines a clinical approach to vasoplegia incorporating the current state of knowledge regarding vasoplegia in pediatric patients immediately post‐transplant and to identify modifiable factors both pre‐ and post‐transplant that may reduce post‐operative morbidity, end‐organ dysfunction, and mortality. Centers participating in the Pediatric Heart Transplant Society (PHTS) were asked to provide their internal protocols and rationale for vasoplegia management, and applicable adult and pediatric data were reviewed. The authors synthesized the above protocols and literature into the following description of clinical approaches to vasoplegia highlighting areas of both broad consensus and of significant practice variation.
Clinical approach to antibody‐mediated rejection from the pediatric heart transplant society
Authors: Amdani Shahnawaz , Henderson Heather , Everitt Melanie D. , Beasley Gary , Shih Renata , Exil Vernat , Alejos Juan , Wallis Gonzalo , Azeka Estela , Nandi Deipanjan , Profita Elizabeth , Spinner Joseph , Magnetta Defne , Martinez Hugo , Fenton Matthew , Conway Jennifer , Urschel Simon 
Published: November 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis document is designed to outline the definition, pathogenesis, diagnostic modalities and therapeutic measures to treat antibody‐mediated rejection in children postheart transplantMethodsLiterature review was conducted by a Pediatric Heart Transplant Society (PHTS) working group to identify existing pediatric and adult studies on antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR). In addition, the centers participating in PHTS were asked to submit their approach to diagnosis and management of pediatric AMR. This document synthesizes information gathered from both these sources to highlight a practical approach to diagnosing and managing a child with AMR postheart transplant. This document may not represent the practice at all centers in the PHTS and serves as a starting point to understand an approach to this clinical scenario.
Electoral Effect of Protracted Presidential Primaries
Authors: Kelly Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDivisive presidential primaries have become common in the United States following the McGovern—Fraser reforms. Both politicians and political scientists have argued that parties that experience divisive primaries may be disadvantaged in the general election, with several political scientists demonstrating a relationship between a nominee receiving a smaller share of the primary vote and a smaller share of the general election vote. However, demonstrating that divisive primaries cause worse general election results is difficult because candidate weakness or other factors may cause poor performance in both primary and general elections. I use a linear regression model to estimate the effect of divisive presidential primaries on general election outcomes. I compare near‐border counties in states that did not experience contested primaries to near‐border counties in states that did experience contested primaries. I find that there is generally a penalty for parties that experience divisive primaries, but the effect varies over election cycles.
The influence of hybrid sediment gravity flows on distribution and composition of trace‐fossil assemblages: Ordovician succession of the north‐eastern Alborz Range of Iran
Authors: Bayet‐Goll Aram , Sharafi Mahmoud , Daraei Mehdi , Nasiri Yaghub 
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACTThe distribution of conventional subichnofacies in deep‐water fan systems (i.e. Ophiomorpha rudis–Paleodictyon–Nereites‐subichnofacies) depends on the presence of fully turbulent non‐cohesive flows such as low‐density turbidites and high‐density turbidites. However, changes in flow state between laminar and turbulent conditions can affect the distribution style of conventional subichnofacies. This study deals with the effects of environmental or ecological stressors as a result of hybrid sediment gravity flows (hybrid event beds) on distribution and composition of trace fossils in the deep‐marine depositional system of the Ordovician Ghelli Formation in the north‐eastern Alborz Range. The spatial distribution and sedimentological character of hybrid sediment gravity flows, in particular their abundance in the down‐dip parts of lobe‐related facies associations, are interpreted as products of longitudinal and lateral transformation from turbidity currents to debris flows promoted by incorporation of significant claystone and mudstone clasts into the flow by seafloor erosion and flow bulking. Seven trace‐fossil assemblages were recognized in the channel and lobe‐related facies associations. The observed spatial distribution of trace‐fossil assemblages in the interpreted frontal and lateral lobe fringes, somewhat contrasts with conventional subichnofacies distribution models. The development of cohesive flows and rapid emplacement of turbidite, banded and debrite beds could be accompanied by fluctuations in physico‐chemical conditions and, hence, the time available for colonization and the lifestyle of producers. This study suggests that, compared to the archetypal models of the subichnofacies in down‐dip parts of lobe‐related facies associations, ichnodiversity and density of bioturbation are drastically reduced, and trace fossils are limited to simple, shallow‐tier feeding strategies. Commonly, the presence of cohesive flows may have forced the producers in the Paleodictyon and Nereites‐subichnofacies to migrate into lateral lobe fringe with more participation of low‐density turbidites. This study shows that, in addition to sedimentological and architectural criteria, ichnological criteria can also be used to distinguish between frontal and lateral lobe‐fringe deposits in unconfined systems.
The difference in soil organic carbon distribution between natural and planted forests: A case study on stony soils mountainous area in the Upper Min River Arid Valley, China
Authors: Yunwei Han , Qing Wang , Fucheng Li , Yalin Guo , Weipo Yan , Yida An , Yinping Bai , Min Yang , Yuting Zheng , Qi Hu 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFew studies have been conducted on the factors and distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) in plantation forests in arid mountainous regions, especially in orchards. We aimed to unravel the SOC distribution among land‐use types and the effects of altitude gradients and rock fragment content (RFC) on SOC accumulation and sequestration in the Upper Min River Arid Valley, China. The differences in SOC distribution among land‐use types were quantified. The correlation analysis of SOC with various factors, such as altitude and RFC, was conducted. The variation percentage in SOC content and stocks was explained by the factors' contribution using mixed‐effects models. SOC distribution was characterized by high content and low stocks in native forests and shrubs, high content and high stocks in eco‐forest, and low content and high stocks in orchards. At the surface (0–30 cm), SOC content and stocks in orchards (cherry, plum, and apple) were significantly lower than those in eco‐forests. There was a significant positive correlation between altitude and SOC content at the surface but not at the subsoil (30–60 cm). With RFC increased, the surface SOC content decreased in native forests, shrubs, and eco‐forests, while it increased in orchards. Our results suggest that land management is the main factor controlling the variation in SOC distribution. Enhancing the surface SOC stability in orchards by land management is a priority for soil carbon pool management in the Arid Valleys.
HvGST plays a key role in anthocyanin accumulation in colored barley
Authors: Xu Dongdong , Dondup Dawa , Dou Tingyu , Wang Chunchao , Zhang Renxu , Fan Chaofeng , Guo Aikui , Lhundrup Namgyal , Ga Zhuo , Liu Minxuan , Wu Bin , Gao Jia , Zhang Jing , Guo Ganggang 
Published: November 2022

SUMMARYBlue aleurone of barley is caused by the accumulation of delphinidin‐based derivatives. Although these compounds are ideal nutrients for human health, they are undesirable contaminants in malt brewing. Therefore, the ability to add and remove this trait easily would facilitate breeding barley for different purposes. Here we identified a glutathione S‐transferase gene (HvGST) that was responsible for the blue aleurone trait in Tibetan qingke barley by performing a genome‐wide association study and RNA‐sequencing analysis. Gene variation and expression analysis indicated that HvGST also participates in the transport and accumulation of anthocyanin in purple barley. Haplotype and the geographic distribution analyses of HvGST alleles revealed two independent natural variants responsible for the emergence of white aleurone: a 203‐bp deletion causing premature termination of translation in qingke barley and two key single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter resulting in low transcription in Western barley. This study contributes to a better understanding of mechanisms of colored barley formation, and provides a comprehensive reference for marker‐assisted barley breeding.
Compressive Experimental Analysis and Constitutive Model of Sintered Nano-Silver
Authors: He Gong , Tongyang Wang , Jianqun Zhu , Shujin Li , Yao Yao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aiming at the potential high-temperature packaging material of the wide band gap semiconductors, experimental and theoretical analysis on the compressive properties of sintered nano-silver was performed. The viscoplastic properties of sintered nano-silver were investigated by compressive experiments with five loading rates, and the effects of loading rate on the ultimate strength and elastic modulus of sintered nano-silver were analyzed. According to the microstructure characteristics of sintered nano-silver, the damage framework including void volume fraction was developed by extending the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman model, and the mathematical model between Bonora damage law and void volume fraction was proposed, in which the internal void was assumed to be sphere and cube. A modified constitutive model including the damage model was developed based on the unified creep and plasticity theory for describing the compressive properties of sintered nano-silver. The accuracy of the proposed model was verified by comparing it with the experimental data.
Computational Method to Predict Three-Dimensional Chatter Vibration in Cold Rolling of Flat Metals
Authors: Patel Akash , Malik Arif , Mathews Ritin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduced is a three-dimensional, physics-based mathematical model capable of efficiently predicting self-excited chatter vibration phenomena in the cold rolling of metal strip and sheet. The described nonlinear chatter model combines the 3D mill structural dynamics behavior with the elastic–plastic rolling process dynamics to predict conditions of instability in a single-stand 4-high mill that can lead to both third-octave and fifth-octave chatter. Formulation of the 3D chatter model is achieved by coupling the dynamic simplified-mixed finite element method with a nonlinear roll-bite process dynamics model to capture self-exciting feedback interactions. In contrast to prior approaches to model chatter in the cold rolling of flat metals, the presented method abandons several simplifying assumptions, including 1D or 2D linear lumped parameter analyses, vertical symmetry of the upper and lower halves of the roll-stack, and continuous contact between the rolls and strip. The model is demonstrated for a single-stand 4-high rolling mill considering the detrimental third-octave self-excited chatter condition. Detailed stability analyses that show time histories of the 3D mill behaviors are presented, respectively, for stable, marginally stable, and unstable rolling speeds, and for changes in the lower housing stiffness to reflect more realistic, asymmetric rolling mill conditions.
Ten-year experience with intracameral chemotherapy for aqueous seeding in retinoblastoma: long-term efficacy, safety and toxicity
Authors: Stathopoulos Christina , Beck-Popovic Maja , Moulin Alexandre P , Munier Francis L 
Published: November 2022

AimsTo report long-term results of intracameral chemotherapy (ICC) for aqueous seeding (AS) in retinoblastoma.MethodsRetrospective study including 20 patients with primary (n=4) or secondary non-iatrogenic (n=16) AS treated with ICC according to a previously described technique between 2011 and 2020 with at least 1-year follow-up.ResultsAS control was initially achieved in all cases with a mean 5 injections of melphalan (n=13) or topotecan (n=7). Three eyes had an isolated AS relapse at a mean interval of 8 months after the first ICC course, which regressed with a second course of intracameral melphalan. Concomitant interciliary process seed implantation was treated with additional brachytherapy if sectorial (n=3) or proton therapy if annular (n=1). Other therapies including systemic, intra-arterial chemotherapy and/or focal treatments were given in 15 eyes to treat concomitant tumour sites. Eye preservation was achieved in 85% of the eyes (n=17/20) at a mean event-free follow-up of 45 months for aqueous disease, and 40 months for any other intraocular tumour activity. Three cases were enucleated due to refractory non-aqueous disease. All patients are alive without metastasis (mean follow-up of 48 months after first ICC). ICC-related intraocular toxicity included iris atrophy (n=5), cataract (n=4), posterior synechiae (n=2) and iris heterochromia (n=1). No patient suffered irreversible vision loss. Useful to normal vision was found in 82% of the cases (n=14/17).ConclusionICC appears to be safe and efficient for AS without irreversible vision-threatening adverse effects. More data are needed to determine any superiority in efficiency/toxicity of topotecan versus melphalan.
Variables associated with progression of moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease
Authors: Sacramento Carolina da Silva Beda , Motta Marina Pamponet , Alves Candida de Oliveira , Mota Jaciane Araujo , Codes Lina Maria Goes de , Ferreira Reginaldo Freitas , Silva Pedro de Almeida , Palmiro Larissa do Prado , Barbosa Rafael Miranda , Andrade Mariana Nery , Andrade Vitor Damasceno , Vasconcelos Vitor Brandão , Thiara Bernardo Wasconcellos , Netto Eduardo Martins , Santana Genoile Oliveira 
Published: November 2022

ObjectiveDetermine the variables associated with hospitalisations in patients with Crohn’s disease and those associated with surgery, intestinal resection, hospital readmission, need for multiple operations and immunobiological agent use.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted from 2019 to 2021, using two centres for inflammatory bowel diseases in the Brazilian Public Health System.ResultsThis study included 220 patients. Only perianal disease was associated with hospitalisation (31.6% vs 13.0%, p=0.012). Stricturing or penetrating behaviour (35.8% vs 12.6%, p<0.001) and perianal disease (45.9% vs 9.9%, p<0.001) were associated with surgery. Ileal or ileocolonic location (80.0% vs 46.5%, p=0.044) and stricturing or penetrating behaviour (68.0% vs 11.2%, p<0.001) were associated with intestinal resection. Steroids use at first Crohn’s disease occurrence and postoperative complications were associated with hospital readmission and need for multiple operations, respectively. Age below 40 years at diagnosis (81.3% vs 62.0%, p=0.004), upper gastrointestinal tract involvement (21.8% vs 10.3%, p=0.040) and perianal disease (35.9% vs 16.3%, p<0.001) were associated with immunobiological agent use.ConclusionPerianal disease and stricturing or penetrating behaviour were associated with more than one significant outcome. Other variables related to Crohn’s disease progression were age below 40 years at diagnosis, an ileal or ileocolonic disease localisation, an upper gastrointestinal tract involvement, the use of steroids at the first Crohn’s disease occurrence and history of postoperative complications. These findings are similar to those in the countries with a high prevalence of Crohn’s disease.
Policies to prevent zoonotic spillover: protocol for a systematic scoping review of evaluative evidence
Authors: Clifford Astbury Chloe , Lee Kirsten M , Aguiar Raphael , Atique Asma , Balolong Marilen , Clarke Janielle , Labonte Ronald , Ruckert Arne , Togño Kathleen Chelsea , Viens A M , Wiktorowicz M , Yau Amy , Penney Tarra L 
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThe increasing incidence of pathogen transmission from animals to humans (zoonotic spillover events) has been attributed to behavioural practices and ecological and socioeconomic change. As these events sometimes involve pathogens with epidemic or pandemic potential, they pose a serious threat to population health. Public policies may play a key role in preventing these events. The aim of this review is to identify evaluations of public policies that target the determinants of zoonotic spillover, examining approaches taken to evaluation, choice of outcomes measures and evidence of effectiveness. Our approach to identifying and analysing this literature will be informed by a One Health lens, acknowledging the interconnectedness of human, animal and environmental health.Methods and analysisA systematic scoping review methodology will be used. To identify articles, we will search Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Global Health in May 2021 using search terms combining animal health and the animal–human interface, public policy, prevention and zoonoses. We will screen titles and abstracts and extract data according to published guidelines for scoping reviews. All evaluations of public policies aiming to prevent zoonotic spillover events will be eligible for inclusion. We will summarise key data from each study, mapping policies along the spillover pathway and outlining the range of policies, approaches to evaluation and outcome measures. Review findings will provide a useful reference for researchers and practitioners, outlining the state of the evaluative evidence around policies to prevent zoonotic spillover.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required, because the study does not involve primary data collection. The findings of this study will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, presentations and summaries for key stakeholders.