bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do green bonds offer a diversification opportunity during COVID-19?—an empirical evidence from energy, crypto, and carbon markets
Authors: Yadav Miklesh Prasad , Kumar Satish , Mukherjee Deepraj , Rao Purnima 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe present study is a novel attempt to unravel the connectedness of the green bond with energy, crypto, and carbon markets using the S&P green bond index (RSPGB). We consider MAC global solar energy index (RMGS) and ISE global wind energy index (RIGW) as proxies of the energy market and use bitcoin and the European energy exchange carbon index (REEX) for the cryptocurrency and carbon market. Employing the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012), Baruník and Krehlík (2018), and wavelet coherence econometric techniques, we find that the energy market (RMGS) has the highest connectedness derived from other asset classes, and bitcoin (RBTC) has the least connectedness. Concurrently, we find that the risk transmission is heterogeneous in different scales as the short period has less connectedness than the medium and long run. We conclude that the overall diversification opportunity among green bonds, energy stock, bitcoin, and the carbon market is more in the short-run than in the medium and long-run. In summary, our findings on the green bond market will provide investors, portfolio managers, and policymakers with critical insight into ensuring a sustainable financial market.
Retaining Providers with Women’s Health Expertise: Decreased Provider Loss Among VHA Women’s Health Faculty Development Program Attendees
Authors: Farkas Amy H. , Merriam Sarah , Frayne Susan , Hardman Lisa , Schwartz Rachel , Kolehmainen Christine 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) provides care for over 500,000 women. In 2010 VHA instituted a policy requiring each facility to identify a designated women’s health provider (WH-PCP) who could offer comprehensive gender-specific primary care. Access to WH-PCPs remains a challenge at some sites with high turnover among WH-PCPs. Faculty development programs have been demonstrated to foster professional development, networks, and mentorship; these can enhance job satisfaction and provide one potential solution to address WH-PCP turnover. One such program, the VHA’s Women’s Health Mini-Residency (WH-MR), was developed in 2011 to train WH-PCPs through case-based hands-on training.

Objective
The objective of this program evaluation was to determine the association of WH-MR participation with WH-PCP retention.

Design
Using the Women’s Health Assessment of Workforce Capacity-Primary Care survey, we assessed the relationship between WH-MR participation and retention of WH-PCP status between fiscal year 2018 and 2019.

Participants
All WH-PCPs (N = 2664) at the end of fiscal year 2018 were included.

Main Measures
We assessed retention of WH-PCP status the following year by WH-MR participation. For our adjusted analysis, we controlled for provider gender, provider degree (MD, DO, NP, PA), women’s health leadership position, number of clinical sessions per week, and clinical setting (general primary care clinic, designated women’s health clinic, or a combination).

Key Results
WH-MR participants were more likely to remain WH-PCPs in FY2019 in both unadjusted analyses (OR 1.91, 95%CI 1.54–2.36) and adjusted analyses (OR 1.96, 95%CI 1.58–2.44).

Conclusions
WH-PCPs who participate in WH-MRs are more likely to remain WH-PCPs in the VHA system. Given the negative impact of provider turnover on patient care and the significant financial cost of onboarding a new WH-PCP, the VHA should continue to encourage all WH-PCPs to participate in the WH-MR.
Perceived Contraceptive Counseling Quality Among Veterans Using VA Primary Care: Data from the ECUUN Study
Authors: Callegari Lisa S. , Mahorter Siobhan S. , Benson Sam K. , Zhao Xinhua , Schwarz Eleanor Bimla , Borrero Sonya 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
High-quality contraceptive counseling is critical to support Veterans’ reproductive autonomy and promote healthy outcomes.

Objective
To describe perceived quality of contraceptive counseling in Veterans Health Administration (VA) primary care and assess factors associated with perceived high- and low-quality contraceptive counseling.

Design
Cross-sectional study using data from the Examining Contraceptive Use and Unmet Need in women Veterans (ECUUN) national telephone survey.

Participants
Veterans aged 18–44 who received contraceptive services from a VA primary care clinic in the past year (N=506).

Main Measures
Perceived quality of contraceptive counseling was captured by assessing Veterans’ agreement with 6 statements regarding provider counseling adapted from the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) survey. High-quality counseling was defined as a top score of strongly agreeing on all 6 items; low-quality counseling was defined as not agreeing (neutral, disagreeing, or strongly disagreeing) with >3 items. We constructed two multivariable models to assess associations between patient-, provider-, and system-level factors and perceived high-quality (Model 1) and perceived low-quality counseling (Model 2).

Key Results
Most participants strongly agreed that their providers listened carefully (74%), explained things clearly (77%), and spent enough time discussing things (71%). Lower proportions strongly agreed that their provider discussed more than one option (54%), discussed pros/cons of various methods (44%), or asked which choice they thought was best for them (62%). In Model 1, Veterans who received care in a Women’s Health Clinic (WHC) had twice the odds of perceiving high-quality counseling (aOR=1.99; 95%CI=1.24–3.22). In Model 2, Veterans who received care in a WHC (aOR=0.49; 95%CI=0.25–0.97) or from clinicians who provide cervical cancer screening (aOR=0.49; 95%CI=0.26–0.95) had half the odds of perceiving low-quality counseling.

Conclusions
Opportunities exist to improve the quality of contraceptive counseling within VA primary care settings, including more consistent efforts to seek patients’ perspectives with respect to contraceptive decisions.
Prevalence and Correlates of Firearm Access Among Post-9/11 US Women Veterans Using Reproductive Healthcare: a Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Monteith Lindsey L. , Holliday Ryan , Miller Christin N. , Schneider Alexandra L. , Brenner Lisa A. , Hoffmire Claire A. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Suicide rates have increased among women Veterans, with increased use of firearms as the method. Addressing suicide risk in this population requires understanding the prevalence and correlates of firearm access in healthcare settings frequented by women Veterans.

Objectives
Characterize the prevalence and correlates of firearm ownership and storage practices among women Veterans using Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) reproductive healthcare (RHC) services.

Design
Cross-sectional national survey conducted in 2018–2019 (17.9% response rate).

Participants
Post-9/11 women Veterans using RHC (n=350).

Main Measures
VA Military Sexual Trauma Screen, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Hurt/Insult/Threaten/Scream, Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale screener, self-reported firearm access.

Key Results
38.0% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 32.9, 43.3) of participants reported personally owning firearms, and 38.9% (95% CI: 33.7, 44.2) reported other household members owned firearms. Among those with firearms in or around their homes, 17.8% (95% CI: 12.3, 24.4) and 21.9% (95% CI: 15.9, 28.9) reported all were unsafely stored (loaded or unlocked, respectively). Women who experienced recent intimate partner violence were less likely to report personally owning firearms (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]=0.75; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.996). Those who experienced military sexual harassment (APR=1.46; 95% CI=1.09, 1.96), were married (APR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.33, 2.27), or lived with other adult(s) (APR=6.26; 95% CI: 2.87, 13.63) were more likely to report having household firearms owned by someone else. Storing firearms loaded was more prevalent among women with lifetime (APR=1.47; 95% CI=1.03, 2.08) or past-month (APR=1.69; 95% CI=1.15, 2.48) suicidal ideation and less likely among those with other adult(s) in the home (unadjusted PR=0.62; 95% CI=0.43, 0.91). Those with parenting responsibilities (APR=0.61; 95% CI=0.38, 0.97) were less likely to store firearms unlocked.

Conclusions
Firearm access is prevalent among post-9/11 women Veterans using VA RHC. Interpersonal factors may be important determinants of firearm access in this population. Safe firearm storage initiatives are needed among women Veterans using RHC, particularly for those with suicidal ideation.
Examining Pregnant Veterans’ Acceptance and Beliefs Regarding the COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Mattocks Kristin M. , Kroll-Desrosiers Aimee , Moore Simas Tiffany A. , Bastian Lori A. , Marteeny Valerie , Walker Lorrie , Sheahan Kate , Elwy A. Rani 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Pregnant persons have received mixed messages regarding whether or not to receive COVID-19 vaccines as limited data are available regarding vaccine safety for pregnant and lactating persons and breastfeeding infants.

Objective
The aims of this study were to examine pregnant Veteran’s acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines, along with perceptions and beliefs regarding vaccine safety and vaccine conspiracy beliefs.

Design and Participants
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of pregnant Veterans enrolled in VA care who were taking part in an ongoing cohort study at 15 VA medical centers between January and May 2021.

Main Measures
Pregnant Veterans were asked whether they had been offered the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy, and whether they chose to accept or refuse it. Additional questions focused on perceptions of COVID-19 vaccine safety and endorsements of vaccine knowledge and conspiracy beliefs. Logistic regression was utilized to examine predictors of acceptance of a vaccine during pregnancy.

Key Results
Overall, 72 pregnant Veterans were offered a COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy; over two-thirds (69%) opted not to receive a vaccine. Reasons for not receiving a vaccine included potential effects on the baby (64%), side effects for oneself (30%), and immunity from a past COVID-19 infection (12%). Those who received a vaccine had significantly greater vaccine knowledge and less belief in vaccine conspiracy theories. Greater knowledge of vaccines in general (aOR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.2–2.6) and lower beliefs in vaccine conspiracies (aOR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.6–0.9) were the strongest predictors of acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy.

Conclusions
Our study provides important insights regarding pregnant Veterans’ decisions to accept the COVID-19 vaccine, and reasons why they may choose not to accept the vaccine. Given the high endorsement of vaccine conspiracy beliefs, trusted healthcare providers should have ongoing, open discussions about vaccine conspiracy beliefs and provide additional information to dispel these beliefs.
Long-term Psychoactive Medications, Polypharmacy, and Risk of Suicide and Unintended Overdose Death Among Midlife and Older Women Veterans
Authors: Gibson Carolyn J. , Li Yixia , Jasuja Guneet K. , Keyhani Salomeh , Byers Amy L. 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Background
Rates of suicide and unintended overdose death are high among midlife and older women, yet there is paucity of data identifying women at greatest risk. Psychoactive medications, commonly prescribed and co-prescribed in this population, may serve as salient indicators of risk for these outcomes.

Objective
To determine whether long-term psychoactive medications and psychoactive polypharmacy predict risk of suicide and unintended overdose death among midlife and older women Veterans above and beyond other recognized factors.

Design
Longitudinal cohort study

Participants
Women Veterans aged ≥ 50 with at least one Veterans Health Administration (VHA) clinical encounter in FY2012–2013.

Main Measures
Long-term psychoactive medications (opioids, benzodiazepines, sedative-hypnotics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antiepileptics, prescribed for ≥ 90/180 days) and psychoactive polypharmacy (overlapping for ≥ 1 day) from VHA pharmacy records; suicide and unintended overdose death through December 31, 2018.

Key Results
In this national sample of 154,558 midlife and older women Veterans (mean age 63.4, SD 9.3 years), 130 died by suicide and 175 died from unintentional overdose over an average of 5.6 years. In fully adjusted models, long-term opioids (hazard ratio (HR) 2.01, 95% CI 1.21–3.35) and benzodiazepines (HR 2.99, 95% CI 1.82–4.91) were associated with death by suicide; opioids (HR 3.62, 95% CI 2.46–5.34), benzodiazepines (HR 2.77, 95% CI 1.73–4.42), sedative-hypnotics (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.06–3.29), antidepressants (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.03–2.12), antipsychotics (HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.02–3.22), and antiepileptics (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.48–3.19) were associated with unintended overdose death. Women who were co-prescribed ≥ 3 psychoactive medications had over 2-fold increased risk of suicide (HR 2.83, 95% CI 1.65–4.84) and unintended overdose death (HR 2.60, 95% CI 1.72–3.94).

Conclusions
Long-term psychoactive medications and psychoactive medication polypharmacy were important indicators of risk for death by suicide and death by unintended overdose among midlife and older women Veterans, even after accounting for psychiatric and substance use disorders.
Gender Differences in Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease Among Young Veterans
Authors: Dhruva Sanket S. , Dziura James , Bathulapalli Harini , Rosman Lindsey , Gaffey Allison E. , Davis Melinda B. , Brandt Cynthia A. , Haskell Sally G. 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Background
There is an increasing burden of cardiovascular disease, including coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF), among women Veterans. Clinical practice guidelines recommend multiple pharmacotherapies that can reduce risk of mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Objective
To determine if there are disparities in the use of guideline-directed medical therapy by gender among Veterans with incident CAD and HF.

Design
Retrospective.

Participants
Veterans (934,504; 87.8% men and 129,469; 12.2% women) returning from Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Dawn.

Main Measures
Differences by gender in the prescription of Class 1, Level of Evidence A guideline-directed medical therapy among patients who developed incident CAD and HF at 30 days, 90 days, and 12 months after diagnosis. For CAD, medications included statins and antiplatelet therapy. For HF, medications included beta-blockers and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors.

Key Results
Overall, women developed CAD and HF at a younger average age than men (mean 45.8 vs. 47.7 years, p<0.001; and 43.7 vs. 45.4 years, p<0.02, respectively). In the 12 months following a diagnosis of incident CAD, the odds of a woman receiving a prescription for at least one CAD drug was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68–1.08) compared to men. In the 12 months following a diagnosis of incident HF, the odds of a woman receiving at least one HF medication was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.37–0.79) compared to men.

Conclusions
Despite guideline recommendations, young women Veterans have approximately half the odds of being prescribed guideline-directed medical therapy within 1-year after a diagnosis of HF. These results highlight the need to develop targeted strategies to minimize gender disparities in CVD care to prevent adverse outcomes in this young and growing population.
Oral Emergency Contraception Provision in the Veterans Health Administration: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gawron Lori M. , He Tao , Lewis Lacey , Fudin Hannah , Callegari Lisa S. , Turok David K. , Stevens Vanessa 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT
Background
In the USA, oral emergency contraception (EC) use to prevent unintended pregnancy is increasing. Oral EC methods include levonorgestrel (LNG) and ulipristal acetate (UPA), with increased UPA efficacy over LNG in high BMI users and those beyond 3 days post intercourse. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) provides oral EC at low or no cost, yet prescription-level Veteran data are lacking.

Objective
To describe oral EC provision in VHA, including method type and Veteran user and prescriber characteristics.

Design
A retrospective cohort study using VHA administrative data.

Participants
All VHA oral EC prescriptions from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020.

Main Measures
We linked Veteran-level sociodemographic and military characteristics and provider-level data with each prescription to identify variables associated with oral EC method.

Key Results
A total of 4280 EC prescriptions (85% LNG) occurred for 3120 unique Veterans over 5 years. While prescriptions remained low annually, the proportion of UPA prescriptions increased from 12 to 19%. Compared to LNG users, UPA users were older (34% vs 25% over age 35 years, p <0.001); more likely to identify as white (57% vs 46%) and non-Hispanic (84% vs 79%) (p <0.001); and more likely to have a BMI ≥ 25 (76% vs 67%, p <0.001). UPA prescriptions originated most frequently from VA Medical Centers (87%) and women’s health clinics (76%) compared to community-based or other clinic types. In multivariable regression models, race, ethnicity, BMI ≥30, and prescriber facility type of a VA Medical Center or a women’s clinic location were predictive of UPA prescription.

Conclusions
Oral EC provision in VHA remains low, but UPA use is increasing. LNG prescription occurs frequently in high BMI Veterans who would benefit from increased efficacy of UPA. Interventions to expand oral EC access in VHA are essential to ensure Veterans’ ability to avert unwanted pregnancies.
Influence of Titanium Additions to Aluminum on the Microhardness Value and Electrochemical Behavior of Synthesized Aluminum-Titanium Alloy in Solutions of HCl and H3PO4
Authors: El-Sayed Abdel-Rahman , Mohamed Adila E. , Hassan Fatma S. M. , El-Mahdy Mohamed Sarwat 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe effect of Ti content in various concentrations as an alloying element with Al on both microhardness and crystallization structure of aluminum–titanium alloys was studied, utilizing x-ray diffraction (XRD) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). To study the electrochemical and corrosion performance of Al and its investigated alloys in 0.5 M solutions of HCl and H3PO4,two different techniques were used: extrapolation of Tafel plot and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Tafel plots and EIS revealed a similar trend. Generally, the rate of corrosion of the alloys was higher than that of Al. This investigation exhibited that the corrosion of Al alloying with Ti increased with an increase in both Ti content and temperature, which is due to reducing the growth of oxide film on the surface. Changes in the standard values of both entropy (ΔS) and enthalpy (ΔH), in addition to apparent activation energy (Ea) of corrosion processes of Al and its alloys in HCl and H3PO4,were evaluated. The evaluated data indicated negative values of ΔS,while the values of ΔHwere positive. Besides, the decrease in ΔHvalue with the increase of Ti content in the alloy revealed that the dissolution of the studied alloys was fast. The positive values of ΔHwere accompanied by an endothermic process. On the other hand, the activation energy (Ea) was decreased as a result of Al alloying with Ti in the two mentioned acids. Those results were supported by the corrosion current density (icorr.) and impedance parameters. By comparing the data obtained for both HCl and H3PO4in all investigated electrodes, the corrosion current density (icorr.) in H3PO4was lower than that in HCl. Such behavior can be ascribed to the aggressive attack of Cl¯ ions on the surfaces of the investigated electrodes, leading to pits formation.
Approach to Localized Squamous Cell Cancer of the Esophagus
Authors: Weidenbaum Chloe , Gibson Michael K. 
Published: August 2022

Opinion statementEsophageal cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with an increasing incidence in recent decades. The majority of esophageal cancers are squamous cell carcinoma. The 5-year survival rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is poor, and there remains globally a pressing need for novel treatments that improve patient outcomes and quality of life. In this review, we discuss management of localized ESCC with an update on relevant newly published literature, including targeted therapy and novel biomarkers. The standard treatment approach for locally advanced, resectable ESCC is currently chemoradiation with or without surgery. Here we discuss different approaches to endoscopic resection, surgery, and radiation therapy. Although the typical chemotherapy regimen is a combination of a platinum with a fluoropyrimidine or paclitaxel, different regimens are being evaluated. With the landscape of immunotherapy rapidly evolving, at the forefront of new treatments for ESCC is immunotherapy and other targeted agents. Ultimately, the treatment approach should be individualized to each patient.
How Can a Complex Geosite Be Enhanced? A Landscape-Scale Approach to the Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation of Pointe Leysser (Aosta Valley, NW Italy)
Authors: Forno M. Gabriella , Gianotti Franco , Gattiglio Marco , Pelfini Manuela , Sartori Gaia , Bollati Irene Maria 
Published: August 2022

AbstractComplex
geosites represent important georesources as components of the geoheritage of a region. Regardless, their management in terms of promotion and geoconservation may be challenging. Among others, gravity-related landforms can be considered complex geomorphological features and are often neglected in the geosite inventories, even if their dynamic and related educational exemplarity, multiscalarity and aesthetic value are relevant and make them potentially complex geosites. The aim of this research is to discuss the possible approaches to a potential complex geosite in the Western Italian Alps. The area is characterised by an articulated and geodiverse set of landforms that concur to define a multifaceted geological and geomorphological setting due to the presence of one of the most significant gravity-related geofeatures of the Italian Alps: the Pointe Leysser deep-seated gravitational slope deformation. The entire context, as well as each single geological/geomorphological feature, will be presented and described enhancing and quantifying their geoheritage values (i.e. scientific value, additional value, the potential for use). Finally, proposals for virtual or field approaches will be discussed, considering the limitations and advantages of dealing with a complex geosite. The suggested strategies assume an important role with respect to both the promotion and geoconservation of complex geosites.