bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simulated hospital: an effective teaching tool during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Toro Jaime , Rivera Juan Sebastian , Rodríguez Daniela , Serna-Corredor Laura Andrea , Cortés-Muñoz Fabián , Medina Thomas , Gaitán Jairo , Yepes Manuel 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the disruption of all sectors of the economy including education. According to UNESCO, over 1.37 million young people, including medical students, were affected by the lockdowns in response to COVID-19 and the subsequent closure of the education system. The main challenge for medical education has consisted in offering clerkships within a biosafety environment. The simulated hospital emerges as a teaching tool that guarantees the development of medical skills in a biosafety environment.Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted in a population of 5th-year medical students during their neurology clerkship. The sample comprised two similar groups. The first one received a traditional face-to-face format during 2019, whereas the second group received a mixed virtual and simulation-based clerkship in 2020. At the end of the course, all students in the pandemic group answered a Likert scale survey regarding their satisfaction with the simulated hospital. To evaluate theoretical knowledge acquisition, students of the pandemic and the non-pandemic group were required to perform a mid-term and a final examination.Results: Most of the students considered the simulated hospital a useful addition that should be incorporated into their medicine curriculum regardless of the pandemic. From the results, it is clear that students perceived that exposure to a simulated hospital facilitated their learning process (93.1%) and allowed greater interaction with the teacher compared to a face-to-face environment (77.3%). Although there was a difference in test results, it was not clinically significant.Conclusions: This study shows that a simulated hospital is a highly efficient method to acquire clinical skills in trainees with improvement in medical knowledge and satisfaction evidenced by the Likert scales and comparable results in academic evaluations. The authors experience indicates that exposure to a simulated hospital should be integrated into the curricular milestones of the medical education program regardless of the pandemic.
Safety and Feasibility of Faecal Microbiota Transplant for Major Depressive Disorder: Study Protocol for a Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Green Jessica Emily , McGuinness Amelia , Berk Michael , Castle David , Athan Eugene , Hair Christopher , Strandwitz Philip , Loughman Amy , Nierenberg Andrew , Cryan John , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Jacka Felice 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background Mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), are a leading cause of non-fatal burden of disease globally. Current conventional treatments for depression have significant limitations, and there have been few new treatments in decades. The microbiota-gut-brain- axis is now recognised as playing a role in mental and brain health, and promising preclinical and clinical data suggest Faecal Microbiota Transplants (FMT) may be efficacious for treating a range of mental illnesses. However, there are no existing published studies in humans evaluating the efficacy of FMT for MDD.Methods and designThis protocol describes an 8-week, triple-blind, 2:1 parallel group, randomised controlled pilot trial (n=15), of enema-delivered FMT treatment (n=10) compared with a placebo enema (n=5) in adults with moderate-to-severe MDD. There will be a further 26-week follow up to monitor longer-term safety. Participants will receive four FMT or placebo enemas over four consecutive days. The primary aims of the study are to evaluate feasibility and safety of FMT as an adjunctive treatment for MDD in adults. Changes in gut microbiota will be assessed as a secondary outcome. Other data will be collected, including changes in depression and anxiety symptoms, and safety parameters.DiscussionModification of the microbiota-gut-brain axis via FMT is a promising potential treatment for MDD, but there are no published rigorous clinical trials evaluating its use. If this study finds that our FMT strategy is safe and feasible, a larger fully powered RCT is planned. Further high-quality research in this field is urgently needed to address unmet need.Trial registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12621000932864
Describing the evidence-base for research engagement by health care providers and health care organisations: a scoping review.
Authors: Yoong Sze Lin , Bolsewicz Katarzyna , Reilly Kathryn , Williams Christopher , Wolfenden Luke , Grady Alice , Kingsland Melanie , Finch Meghan , Wiggers John 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Having a research-engaged health and medical workforce is associated with improvements in clinical outcomes for patients. As such, there has been significant government investment internationally to support health care organisations and services to increase staff engagement with research. This review sought to provide an overview of the literature relating to strategies employed to increase research engagement by health care providers and organisations and apply a qualitative analysis to generate a list of research engagement strategies.
Methods
A scoping review using systematic search processes was undertaken to locate peer-review publications and grey literature related to ‘research engagement by health care providers and organisations’. A database search of electronic records was performed with no limit on publication date. Publications examining research engagement were included regardless of study type and categorised as either databased (presenting data or new analysis of existing data) and non-databased (no new data or analyses). Databased publications were further classified according to study type, study design and setting. A qualitative synthesis of all other studies using a Framework Approach were undertaken with studies that described an intervention to improve research engagement.
Results
A total of 161 publications were included in this study with 52% categorised as not presenting new data. Of the databased articles, the majority (68%) were descriptive studies describing prevalence of correlates of research engagement, 21 described intervention studies (28%) and of these, only two were controlled studies. The following strategies were used to facilitate research engagement; dual skilled team/staff, resources or physical infrastructure, incentives, leadership support of research, education/training, networks, forming partnerships or collaborations and overall leadership structure of entity.
Conclusions
The literature on research engagement is primarily opinion-based and descriptive in nature. There is a need for future research to progress beyond descriptive to more rigorous well-designed intervention research, to provide the evidence needed to support ongoing government investment in creating a research engaged health workforce.
Development of long-covid, or prevalent complaints in general?
Authors: Magnusson Karin , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Flottorp Signe , Englund Martin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives: To study the prevalence and patterns of typical post-covid complaints in ~2.3 million persons with and without confirmed COVID-19.Methods: In a Nation-wide population-based prospective cohort study, we studied all persons aged 18-70 years living in Norway and who tested positive (n=75 979), negative (n=1 167 582) and who were not tested for SARS-CoV-2 (n=1 084 578) from August 1st 2020 to August 1st 2021 (non-hospitalized from -2 to +14 days from test date), who were, or were not vaccinated against COVID-19. Our main outcome measures were the period prevalence of single-occurring or different combinations of complaints based on medical records: 1) Pulmonary (dyspnea and/or cough), 2) Neurological (concentration problems, memory loss), and/or 3) General complaints (fatigue). Results: In persons testing positive, 64 (95% confidence interval: 54 to 73) and 122 (111 to 113) more persons per 10 000 persons had pulmonary complaints 5-6 months after the test compared to 10 000 persons testing negative or untested, respectively. The corresponding difference in prevalence of general complaints (fatigue) was 181 (168 to 195) and 224 (211 to 238) per 10 000, and of neurological complaints 5 (2 to 8) and 9 (6-13) per 10 000. Overlap between complaints was rare.Conclusions: Post-covid complaints were only slightly more prevalent in persons with than without confirmed COVID-19. Still, long-covid may pose a substantial burden to healthcare systems in the future given the lasting high incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals.
Structural and functional differences in ileal and colonic microbiota: 16S rRNA gene investigation in rats
Authors: Sun Xiao Wei , Zhang Hua , Li Hong Rui , Xin Peng Fei , Gao Xue , Zhou Cai Yun , Gao Wen Min , Kou Xuan Xuan , Jin Xiao Lei , Tang Xiao , Wang Da Wen , Zhang Jian Gang 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: The occurrence of serious diseases, such as inflammatory diseases and cancer, in the small intestine is significantly lower than that in the colon. The differentiation of small-intestine microbiota from large-intestine microbiota might hold great significance. To compare floral composition and functions between the two types of microbiota, ileal contents and feces were collected from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, and the V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene in these rats was amplified and sequenced. We subjected the data to bioinformatics analyzing.Results: Compared with feces, about 50% of bacterial genera in the ileum were exclusive, with low abundance (operational taxonomic units [OTUs] <1000). Of bacteria shared between the ileum and feces, a few genera were highly abundant (dominant), whereas most had low abundance (less dominant). Dominant bacteria differed between the ileum and feces. Ileal bacteria showed greater β-diversity, and the distance between in-group samples was nearer than that between paired ileum–feces samples. Moreover, the ileum shared various biomarkers and functions with feces (P < 0.05). A high-fat diet (HFD) and specific-pathogen–free (SPF) conditions had a profound influence on α-diversity and abundance but not on the exclusive/shared features or β-diversity of samples. Intestinal microbiota were composed of high-prevalence dominant, low-prevalence dominant, and less-dominant bacteria.Conclusions: The present findings suggested that ileal and fecal bacteria were different structurally and functionally. These differences might be key to the fundamental protection of the small intestine from diseases.
Predictability of Indian Ocean Precipitation and its North Atlantic teleconnections during early Winter
Authors: Abid Muhammad Adnan , Kucharski Fred , Molteni Franco , Almazroui Mansour 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Tropical Western-Central Indian Ocean (WCIO) precipitation anomalies play an important role in modulating the anomalous climate conditions in the northern hemisphere during the boreal early winter (November-December; ND) season. In this study, we analyzed the forcing mechanism and predictability for the early winter tropical WCIO precipitation anomalies and its teleconnections to the North Atlantic region. The two main forcing mechanisms emerging are i) Autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and ii) a direct atmospheric teleconnection from El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Since the autumn IOD is partially forced by ENSO, their independent contributions are also investigated. We found that the IOD contribution dominates over the ENSO contribution. The ECMWF-SEAS5 seasonal re-forecast dataset reproduces these forcing mechanisms well and shows a substantial prediction skill for the ND WCIO precipitation index. Moreover, the North Atlantic response to the positive WCIO phase projects spatially onto the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) through atmospheric teleconnections and leads to warming in the central and western European region. This teleconnection is reproduced by ECMWF-SEAS5, but with weaker amplitude. Moreover, a substantial prediction skill for the NAO as well as for the central and western European temperature anomalies is noted, which is mostly induced by the Indian Ocean precipitation anomalies during early winter.
A Mobile Positioning Algorithm Based on Improved Robust Extended Kalman Filter with NLOS Identification and Mitigation
Authors: Wang Yan , Yang Huikang , Gong Yuxin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
With the development of information age and the maturity of Internet of things (IoT) technology, wireless sensor network (WSN) has been widely applied in indoor localization. However, the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment and the inherent noise of the sensor will introduce errors in the measurement, which will seriously lead to inaccurate positioning. In this paper, a novel localization scheme based on mean reconstruction method is proposed, which reconstructs the distance measurements from each beacon nodes by taking the average twice to weaken the adverse effects of NLOS. At the same time, the noise average is re-estimated when the distance difference is tiny. Next, the robust extended Kalman filter (REKF) is used to process the reconstructed distance measurements to obtain positioning results. In order to prevent invalid reconstruction, hypothesis testing is used as NLOS identification to classify the position estimates which generated from all distance combinations by least-squares. Then we use residual weighting (RWGH) method to combine position estimates that fall into validation gate, and take it as a collaborative localization with the REKF algorithm. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has high positioning accuracy and strong positioning robustness.
Prostatic Artery Embolization Using Reflux-control Microcatheter: Prospective Experience Addressing Feasibility.
Authors: Assis André Moreira , Kawakami Willian Yoshinori , Moreira Airton Mota , Carnevale Francisco Cesar 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose: To describe the initial experience regarding efficacy and safety of Prostatic Artery Embolization (PAE) using a reflux control microcatheter. Materials and methods: This is a prospective, single-center investigation that included 10 patients undergoing PAE for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) attributed to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Baseline, 3-month and 12-month efficacy endpoints were obtained for all patients, and included prostate-specific antigen (PSA), uroflowmetry, pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical assessment using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire and the IPSS-Quality of life (QoL) item. Complications were assessed using the Cirse classification system. Results: Ten patients entered statistical analysis and presented with significant LUTS improvement 12 months after PAE, as follows: mean IPSS reduction of 86.6% (2.8 vs. 20.7, -17.9, P < 0.001), mean QoL reduction of 79.4% (1.1 vs. 5.4, -4.3, P < 0.001), mean prostatic volume reduction of 38.4% (69.3 cm3 vs. 112.5 cm3, - 43.2 cm3, P < 0.001), mean peak urinary flow (Qmax) increase of 199.4% (19.9 mL/s vs. 6.6 mL/s, +13.3 mL/s, P = 0.006) and mean PSA reduction of 50.1% (3.0 ng/mL vs. 6.1 ng/mL, -3.0 ng/mL, P < 0.001). One patient (10%) needed transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) after PAE due to a ball-valve effect. One patient (10%) needed coil protective embolization of a high flow intraprostatic anastomosis. One microcatether (10%) needed to be replaced during PAE due to occlusion. Non-target embolization was not observed in the cohort.Conclusion: This initial experience suggests that PAE using a reflux control microcatheter is effective and safe for the treatment of LUTS attributed to BPH. High flow intraprostatic anastomosis still need coil protective embolization to avoid NTE even with the use of reflux-control microcatheters.
Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: Shawa Taha Mohammed , El-Taweel Hend Ali , El-Gammal Maha Adel , Khalil Safia Saleh , Ibrahim Heba Said 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii causes life-threatening disease in immunocompromised patients such as those with hematological malignancy. Serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in these patients is challenged by the impaired antibody response; meanwhile, molecular testing is necessary to demonstrate reactivation. We aimed to study rates and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in hematological malignancy patients using serological and molecular methods.Methodology:The study was conducted on 40 adult hematological malignancy patients and 40 age and sex-matched healthy individuals. Data on plausible risk factors of toxoplasmosis were collected. Serologic testing for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Blood samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of T. gondii AF146527 (a 529-bp repeat element).ResultsT. gondii seropositive rate was significantly higher among patients (75%) compared to healthy individuals (42.5%). However, seropositive patients displayed lower anti-Toxoplasma IgG concentrations compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.05). Positive PCR results were obtained in 13 patients (32.5%) and one healthy individual (2.5%) with a significant difference. Among patients, serology and PCR showed slight agreement. Seropositive patients were more likely to be PCR positive (36.7%) compared to seropositive healthy individuals (5.9%) (p < 0.05). No statistically significant association was found between toxoplasmosis and demographic variables, cat contact, undercooked meat consumption, type of malignancy, blood transfusion, and chemotherapy.ConclusionsPatients with hematological malignancy are at high risk of T. gondii infection and reactivation. The combination of serology and PCR would be more accurate for a definite diagnosis. Follow-up is necessary to prevent the development of life-threatening toxoplasmosis in these patients.
Non-invasive and minute-frequency 3D tomographic imaging enabling long-term spatiotemporal observation of single cell fate
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Liang Fei , Zhu Junwen , Chai Huichai , Feng Yongxiang , Zhao Peng , Liu Shaofeng , Yang Yuanmu , Lin Linhan , Cao Liangcai 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Non-invasive and rapid imaging technique at subcellular resolution is significantly important for multiple biological applications such as cell fate study. Label-free refractive-index (RI) based 3D tomographic imaging constitutes an excellent candidate for 3D imaging of cellular structures, but its full potential in long-term spatiotemporal cell fate observation has been locked due to the lack of efficient system integration. Here, we report a long-term 3D RI imaging system incorporating a cutting-edge white light diffraction phase microscopy (wDPM) module with spatiotemporal stability, and an acoustofluidic device to roll and culture single cells in a customized live cell culture chamber. Using this system, we conducted 3D RI imaging experiments for 250 cells, and demonstrated efficient cell identification with high accuracy. Importantly, long-term and frequency-on-demand 3D RI imaging of K562 and MCF-7 cancer cells revealed different characteristics during normal cell growth, drug-induced cell apoptosis, and necrosis of drug-treated cells. In particular, for the first time, a new two-fold transform mode was observed in the apoptosis regions by 1-minute-frequency imaging in the 10-minute execution phase of apoptosis, which has not been seen otherwise by labeling microscopy. Overall, we believe that the proposed 3D tomographic imaging technique opens up a new avenue for visualizing intracellular structures and will find many applications such as disease diagnosis and nanomedicine.
Chromosome substitution lines with improved essential mineral nutrients and fiber quality traits in Upland cotton
Authors: Saha Sukumar , Tewolde Haile , Jenkins Johnie N. , McCarty Jack C. , Stelly David M. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introgression of novel traits from alien to cultivated cotton species through the technique of chromosome substitution (CS) can be a valuable tool for broadening the genetic base of Upland cotton. The objective of this research was to determine whether the mineral nutrition and fiber quality of cotton can be improved by the introgression of selected chromosomes from donor species into Upland cotton. Eleven CS lines that consisted of selected chromosomes from Gossypium barbadense and G. tomentosum substituted into a recurrent G. hirsutum parent (TM-1) were grown along with TM-1 in two fields. The CS lines included CS-B01, CS-B04, CS-B07, CS-B15Lo, CS-B18, CS-T01, CS-T04, CS-T07, CS-T8Lo, CS-T15Lo, and CS-T18, in which a letter that followed CS- represents the donor species and the number after the letter refers to the substituted chromosome position. Mineral nutrition of the CS lines was measured based on leaf samples taken two weeks after flowering. Fiber quality was based on hand-picked bolls at harvest. The highest levels of 7 of 10 leaf mineral elements were measured in CS lines. Chromosomes that were associated with leaf nutrient improvement were Chromosomes 1 and 18. CS-B18, in particular, improved leaf N, P, K, and Zn relative to TM-1. The other chromosomes investigated (Chromosomes 4, 7, or the long arms of 8 or 15) did not affect or improve leaf nutrients relative to TM-1. Fiber quality was affected by CS lines, but there was no single substitution that led to more than two fiber quality improvements. CS-B15Lo and CS-B18 showed a tendency to improve fiber strength and elongation. CS-T15Lo also improved fiber elongation and yellow index. Overall, the results show that the technique of chromosome substitution is an effective tool for broadening the genetic base to enhance the mineral nutrition and fiber quality of Upland cotton.
Advancing our understanding of compound weather and climate events via large ensemble model simulations
Authors: Bevacqua Emanuele , Jézéquel Aglaé , Suarez-Gutierrez Laura , Lehner Flavio , Vrac Mathieu , Yiou Pascal , Zscheischler Jakob 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Most societally relevant weather impacts result from compound events, that is, rare combinations of weather and climate drivers. Focussing on four event types arising from different combinations of climate variables across space and time, we illustrate that robust analyses of compound events – such as frequency and uncertainty analysis under present-day and future conditions, event attribution, exploration of low-probability-high-impact events – require very large sample sizes. In particular, the required sample is much larger than that needed for routinely considered univariate extremes. We demonstrate how large ensemble simulations from multiple climate models are crucial for advancing our understanding of compound events and for constructing robust projections. Importantly, this will avoid providing practitioners with potentially misleading information on climate risks.