bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibiting the Growth of 1D Intermediates in Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden−Popper Perovskites
Authors: Zhang Weichuan , Wu Xianxin , Cheng Qian , Wang Boxin , Zafar Saud Uz , Han Bing , Zhang Jianqi , Zhang Hong , Liu Xinfeng , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Huiqiong 
Published: October 2022

AbstractQuasi‐2D perovskite solar cells have recently emerged as a highly prospective and inexpensive solution for sustainable energy due to their intrinsic optoelectronic properties and stability. The qualities of these promising quasi‐2D perovskite cells are generally affected by different intermediates derived from the precursor solution during film fabrication processing. However, efficient solutions to inhibit intermediates remain insufficient to date. Here, an effective strategy is prsented to inhibit the growth of 1D solvate intermediate during the fabricating process of quasi‐2D perovskite films by introducing a guanidinium thiocyanate (GUASCN) inhibitor. Theoretical calculations reveal that the SCN− anions spontaneously replace the iodide ions in the inorganic framework [PbI6]3− and induce the decomposition of the solvate intermediate. The resulted perovskite solar cells exhibit a significant improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE), benefiting from the reduced trap‐state density and enhanced carrier mobilities. The unencapsulated devices retain 91% and 95% of the original PCEs under 45 ± 10% humidity in air or under continuous light irradiation at 100 mW cm−2 and 45 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 1000 h. Particularly, devices without electron‐transporting layers maintain 85% of the peak PCE under maximum power point tracking at 45 °C for 1000 h.
Recent Advances in Upgrading of Low‐Cost Oxidants to Value‐Added Products by Electrocatalytic Reduction Reaction
Authors: Li Rui , Xiang Kun , Liu Zhongyi , Peng Zhikun , Zou Yuqin , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractRecently, the efficient upgrading of abundant and cheap substances (H2O, CO2, N2, and NOxn) into valuable products by reduction and/or hydrogenation has attracted much attention. However, the traditional transformation processes of these oxidants generally suffer high‐energy input, complicated reactors, and rigorous reaction conditions due to their high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness. Recently, electrocatalytic reduction reactions (ERRs) for upgrading low‐grade substances have been perceived as promising for sustainable energy conversion due to the ambient condition, high selectivity, and atom economic feasibility. In this review, value‐added fuels and chemicals generation from low‐cost oxidants ERRs are systematically summarized. Specifically, H2 generation from ERR is introduced from water and seawater electrolysis; carbon‐containing compound generation from electrocatalytic COx reduction is classified into C1, and C2 and/or C2+ acquisition; valuable NH3 production is divided into nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) and NOxn species reduction reaction (NOxnRR); and other valuable chemicals generation from multi‐substance reduction to CC bonds and CN bonds are also reviewed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of high‐valued product generation from ERRs. Besides, an in‐depth understanding of such ERRs to valuable products has been presented, and current challenges and further prospects are also proposed.
Tailoring Electrode Surface Charge to Achieve Discrimination and Quantification of Chemically Similar Small Molecules with Electrochemical Aptamers
Authors: Kesler Vladimir , Fu Kaiyu , Chen Yihang , Park Chan Ho , Eisenstein Michael , Murmann Boris , Soh H. Tom 
Published: October 2022

AbstractElectrochemical biosensors based on structure‐switching aptamers offer many advantages because they can operate directly in complex samples and offer the potential to integrate with miniaturized electronics. Unfortunately, these biosensors often suffer from cross‐reactivity problems when measuring a target in samples containing other chemically similar molecules, such as precursors or metabolites. While some progress has been made in selecting highly specific aptamers, the discovery of these reagents remains slow and costly. In this work, a novel strategy is demonstrated to distinguish molecules with miniscule difference in chemical composition (such as a single hydroxyl group)—with cross reactive aptamer probes—by tuning the charge state of the surface on which the aptamer probes are immobilized. As an exemplar, it is shown that the strategy can distinguish between DOX and many structurally similar analytes, including its primary metabolite doxorubicinol (DOXol). Then the ability to accurately quantify mixtures of these two molecules based on their differential response to sensors with different surface‐charge properties is demonstrated. It is believed that this methodology is general and can be extended to a broad range of applications.
Advanced Epitaxial Lift‐Off and Transfer Procedure for the Fabrication of High‐Quality Functional Oxide Membranes
Authors: Bouaziz Jordan , Cancellieri Claudia , Rheingans Bastian , Jeurgens Lars P. H. , La Mattina Fabio 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the past 5 years, the transfer of epitaxial oxide thin films has drawn a renewed interest in the scientific community. The major challenge in this technology is to minimize the appearance of extended bulk defects such as plastic deformations, cracks, and delamination, which are induced by the transfer process to a new host substrate. In this work, a procedure for the transfer of epitaxial oxide films where a rigid bond to the final host holder is obtained via a metallic Au/Ag bonding layer is presented. Here, the transfer of SrRuO3 (SRO) and SrRuO3/SrTiO3 (STO) epitaxial films grown on a water‐soluble Sr3Al2O6 sacrificial layer is reported. These epitaxial films are grown on a STO substrate and transferred onto a Si host substrate. Roughness values lower than 1nm are observed for the transferred SRO membranes. Cross‐section analysis shows straight interfaces without plastic deformation of the membranes. X‐ray diffraction rocking‐curve analysis evidences that mechanical damage is minimized and the membranes remain close to their initial quality. This procedure represents an important step forward in the development of advanced technologies for membrane transfer of epitaxial oxides and superstructures.
Radiation‐Tolerant Electronic Devices Using Wide Bandgap Semiconductors
Authors: Muhammad Zahir , Wang Yan , Zhang Yue , Vallobra Pierre , Peng Shouzhong , Yu Songyan , Lv Ziyu , Cheng Houyi , Zhao Weisheng 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aspiration of electronic technologies that are resistant to high‐energy cosmic radiation is essential for current harsh radiation environment exploration. Integrated circuits mostly require post‐processing after designing, making their structures more complex than the standard systems. Thus, unique designs and strategies are developed to enable the high tolerance of space electronics to radiation in nuclear and avionic applications. The wide bandgap semiconductor (WBG) materials with excellent electronic/optical properties and structural stability are appealing options for radiation‐immune applications. Here, in this article, the development and fabrication of various electronic devices have been reviewed using different wide bandgap materials for radiation‐hardened applications. Detailed investigations are discussed, from the fundamental wide bandgap materials withstanding limited irradiation to the development processes of the electronic devices used in harsh environments. Furthermore, the challenges and future perspectives of the WBG‐based radiation harsh electronic devices are also highlighted in this review with commercial application in space stations and aircraft.
Graphene‐Assisted Epitaxy of High‐Quality GaN Films on GaN Templates
Authors: Feng Tao , Zhang Shuo , Yang Kailai , Chen Qi , Liang Meng , Yan Jianchang , Yi Xiaoyan , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractGraphene (Gr)‐assisted epitaxy of semiconductors has been demonstrated as a revolutionary strategy for the fabrication of nitride materials and flexible devices. However, till now, most of the GaN epitaxy assisted by Gr is performed on thermally stable foreign substrates because Gr suffers obvious deterioration due to the decomposition of GaN substrate. Thus, large lattice and thermal mismatches still exist and inevitably lead to a high density of dislocations in nitrides. To address this issue, here, the Gr‐assisted epitaxy of high‐quality GaN films on GaN templates is demonstrated by constructing specially designed self‐organized defective (SOD) Gr as a buffer layer. The SOD Gr allows for the spontaneous relaxation of strain in GaN epilayers by weakening the interfacial interactions; and thus, blocks the upward spread of threading dislocations in GaN templates. Therefore, screw and edge dislocation densities in GaN epilayers show reductions of 51% and 62%, respectively, compared to that in homoepitaxy. Based on the GaN film grown on SOD Gr, the as‐fabricated blue light‐emitting diode exhibits a 17% enhancement of light output power and a better emission wavelength stability than that without Gr. This work opens a practical pathway for the growth of high‐quality nitrides and manufacturing of high‐performance nitride‐based devices.
Aging‐Driven Composition and Distribution Changes of Electrolyte and Graphite Anode in 18650‐Type Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Petz Dominik , Baran Volodymyr , Peschel Christoph , Winter Martin , Nowak Sascha , Hofmann Michael , Kostecki Robert , Niewa Rainer , Bauer Michael , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Senyshyn Anatoliy 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA series of low‐temperature studies on LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 18650‐type batteries of high‐energy type with different stabilized states of fatigue is carried out using spatially resolved neutron powder diffraction, infrared/thermal imaging, and quasi‐adiabatic calorimetry. In‐plane distribution of lithium in the graphite anode and frozen electrolyte in fully charged state is determined non‐destructively with neutron diffraction and correlated to the introduced state of fatigue. An independent electrolyte characterization is performed via calorimetry studies on variously aged 18650‐type lithium‐ion batteries, where the shape of the thermodynamic signal is evolving with the state of fatigue of the cells. Analyzing the liquid electrolyte extracted/harvested from the studied cells reveals the decomposition of conducting salt to be the main driving factor for fatigue in the electrolyte degradation.
Cationic Additive with a Rigid Solvation Shell for High‐Performance Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Minkwan , Shin Seung‐Jae , Lee Jimin , Park Youngbin , Kim Yangmoon , Kim Hyungjun , Choi Jang Wook 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDespite substantial progresses, in aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs), developing zinc metal anodes with long‐term reliable cycling capabilities is nontrivial because of dendritic growth and related parasitic reactions on the zinc surface. Here, we exploit the tip‐blocking effect of a scandium (Sc3+) additive in the electrolyte to induce uniform zinc deposition. Additional to the tri‐valency of Sc3+, the rigidity of its hydration shell effectively prevents zinc ions from concentrating at the surface tips, enabling highly stable cycling under challenging conditions. The shell rigidity, quantified by the rate constant of the exchange reaction (kex), is established as a key descriptor for evaluating the tip‐blocking effect of redox‐inactive cations, explaining inconsistent results when only the valence state is considered. Moreover, the tip‐blocking effect of Sc3+ is maintained in blends with organic solvents, allowing the zinc anode to cycle reliably even at −40 °C without corrosion.
Surface Degradation of Single‐crystalline Ni‐rich Cathode and Regulation Mechanism by Atomic Layer Deposition in Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Guo Hui‐Juan , Sun Yipeng , Zhao Yang , Liu Gui‐Xian , Song Yue‐Xian , Wan Jing , Jiang Ke‐Cheng , Guo Yu‐Guo , Sun Xueliang , Wen Rui 
Published: October 2022

AbstractSingle‐crystalline Ni‐rich cathode (SC‐NCM) has attracted increasing interest owing to its greater capacity retention in advanced solid‐state lithium batteries (SSLBs), while suffers from severe interfacial instability during cycling. Here, via atomic layer deposition, Li3PO4 is introduced to coat SC‐NCM (L‐NCM), to suppress undesired side reaction and enhance interfacial stability. The dynamic degradation and surface regulation of SC‐NCM are investigated inside a working SSLB by in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). We directly observe the uneven cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) and surface defects on pristine SC‐NCM particle. Remarkably, the formed amorphous LiF‐rich CEI on L‐NCM maintains its initial structure upon cycling, and thus endows the battery with improved cycling stability and excellent rate capability. Such on‐site tracking provides deep insights into surface mechanism and structure–reactivity correlation of SC‐NCM, and thus benefits the optimizations of SSLBs.
Efficient Splitting of Alkane Isomers by a Bismuth‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework with Auxetic Reentrant Pore Structures
Authors: Zhang Zhaoqiang , Peh Shing Bo , Kang Chengjun , Yu Kexin , Zhao Dan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe isolation of di‐branched alkanes from their isomers is vital in gasoline upgrading to achieve high octane numbers but is significantly challenging and energy‐intensive. Here, we report the highly efficient separation of hexane isomers by combing molecular recognition and size‐sieving in a bismuth‐based MOF, UU‐200. The unique auxetic structure with reentrant honeycomb‐like pore cavities connected by narrow pore windows endows UU‐200 with a complete rejection of di‐branched alkanes and high capacities for linear and mono‐branched isomers. The molecular sieving effect, unprecedented separation selectivities, and excellent efficiencies are proved via adsorption isotherms and breakthrough experiments with high research octane numbers obtained (>96), indicating a benchmark for alkane separation under ambient conditions. The molecular recognition mechanism was unveiled by theoretical simulation and in situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy.
Localized Lattice Expansion of FAPbBr3 to Design a 3D Hybrid Perovskite for Sensitive Near‐Infrared Photodetection
Authors: Ji Chengmin , Zhu Tingting , Fan Yipeng , Li Zhou , Liu Xitao , Li Lina , Sun Zhihua , Luo Junhua 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA mixed‐cation 3D lead bromide hybrid perovskite (NMDAP)2FAPb4Br13 (1, NMDAP2+ = N‐methyl‐1,3‐diaminopropanium, FA+ = formamidinium) is tailored by incorporating the large NMDAP2+ cation with the small FA+ ion into 3D FAPbBr3. Structurally, the small FA+ ions occupy the prototypical cavities formed by distorted corner‐sharing PbBr6 octahedra as in FAPbBr3, while the bulky NMDAP2+ ions are confined to the expanded lattice which is defined by a new structural motif composed of eight corner‐sharing PbBr6 octahedra and four edge‐sharing octahedra. This localized lattice expansion from FAPbBr3 creates a new branch of the intriguing 3D hybrid perovskite family, breaking the limits of the conventional Goldschmidt tolerance factor rule. Moreover, a high two‐photon absorption (2AP) coefficient of 60.8 cm MW−1 was demonstrated to near‐infrared (NIR) 800 nm illumination, enabling sensitive NIR photoresponses with large on/off ratio (≈104) as well as favorable stability.
Co‐delivery of tauroursodeoxycholic acid and dexamethasone using electrospun ultrafine fibers to induce early coupled angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Liu Junyu , Tan Ziwei , Jia Yongliang , Shi Xiaotong , Hou Ruxia , Liu Jiajia , Luo Dongmei , Fu Xinyu , Yang Tingting , Wang Xiangyu 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn the complicated process of bone regeneration, osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis are crucial. In this study, a novel dual small molecule composite electrospun scaffold was prepared using polycaprolactone embedded with angiogenic factor tauro‐ursodeoxycholic acid and osteogenic factor dexamethasone to promote early angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Additionally, the related properties, angiogenic activity, and osteogenic activity analyses were conducted for the scaffold. The results demonstrated that the composite scaffold possessed proper mechanical properties and hydrophilicity. During the initial drug release, the release rate of the hydrophilic drug tauro‐ursodeoxycholic acid was higher compared to the hydrophobic drug dexamethasonethe. The drugs were slowly sustained released for more than 528 h. The composite scaffold boosted cell proliferation and accelerated osteogenic differentiation up to 21 days. The alkaline phosphatase activity and mineral deposition were comparatively higher on dual drug‐releasing fibers compared to control scaffolds. Wound healing migration assay and tube formation assay for further in vitro revealed that the composite scaffold exhibited higher efficiency in promoting cell migration and the angiogenesis ductive. Hence, the composite scaffold had a high potential for promoting bone regeneration by enhancing angiogenesis.
Fabrication of LLDPE based biodegradable composite incorporated with leather shavings and buffing dust: An approach for waste management
Authors: Noyon Md. Ashikur Rahaman , Dey Thuhin Kumar , Jamal Mamun , Rathanasamy Rajasekar , Chinnasamy Moganapriya , Uddin Md. Elias 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study is to fabricate biodegradable composite films from leather shavings (LS) and leather buffing (LB) blended with linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) by twin‐screw extrusion process with blow molding mechanism. Various quantities of leather fiber is used to fabricate the composite films and as prepared films were characterized by FTIR, TGA, DSC, SEM, OTR, biodegradability, water absorption, and mechanical properties respectively. FTIR analysis is performed to validate the chemical bonding between LB/LLDPE and LS/LLDPE. TGA and DSC studies are used to determine the thermal stability whereas SEM analysis is used to examine the surface morphology of fabricated composite films. Oxygen gas barrier properties of LB/LLDPE and LS/LLDPE composite films are enhanced by 11.32% and 15.17% respectively compared to pure LLDPE film. Tensile strengths (TS) of the composite materials are augmented by 228.75% and 313.73% while elongation at break is decreased by 57.85% and 50.09% for LB/LLDPE and LS/LLDPE respectively compared with pure LLDPE film. Water absorption capacity is increased by 4.54% and 3.36% whereas weight loss percentage is improved 7 and 5 times respectively for LB/LLDPE and LS/LLDPE composite. Hence, the fabricated composite films can be used as cost‐effective, biodegradable, and flexible composite films for packaging and interior partitioning.
UAV magnetometer survey in low‐level flight for archaeology: Case study of a Second World War airfield at Ganacker (Lower Bavaria, Germany)
Authors: Stele Andreas , Linck Roland , Schikorra Markus , Fassbinder Jörg W. E. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐based magnetometer systems became more and more attractive for large‐scale archaeological prospection in recent years. Although their sensors exhibit the same sensitivity than the ground‐based prospecting systems, UAV prospecting is seriously handicapped by the magnetic and mechanical disturbances of the drone and by limitations of a low‐level flight. To minimize these disturbances, scalar magnetometers are attached only on a tether 2.5–10 m beneath the drone to be flown as close as possible above the ground. First, test measurements with UAV‐fixed fluxgate magnetometers provide more accurate results than the scalar magnetometers in any configuration but have to overcome disturbance by vibrations. Here, we present a case study choosing the compact set‐up of the Sensys MagDrone R4. The high sampling rate of 200 Hz of the three axis fluxgate sensors of the R4 allows sufficient filtering of the interferences generated by the UAV and external disturbances. High‐precision flight control of the drone allows operating the sensors by radar‐controlled flight height ∼1 m above the ground, which is a fundamental and indispensable prerequisite for archaeological prospecting. For our test, we choose the site Ganacker (southern Bavaria), where we expected a large range of archaeological structures and features with high magnetic contrast. We compare and verify the magnetogram with historical and recent geodata. Our results show that the R4 system offers an outstanding step forward regarding a successful application for archaeological prospection. Already now, the system is well suited for the fast mapping of large areas and archaeological sites with intense magnetic anomalies.
A GH42 β‐galactosidase from Bifidobacterium thermophilum: Biochemical characterization and synthesis of galactosyl glycerol by reverse hydrolysis
Authors: Duan Jun , Jia Xiangfei , Cao Kun , Gao Zhen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this study, a β‐galactosidase gene (btgal42) was first cloned from Bifidobacterium thermophilum and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The molecular weight of the purified BtGal42 was estimated to be 78 kDa by the sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 225 kDa by the size‐exclusion chromatography, indicating that the native BtGal42 was a homotrimer. BtGal42 belonged to the glycosidase hydrolase family 42, exhibiting the maximum activity at pH of 7 and at temperature of 50°C. The enzyme displayed a strictly specific activity toward substrates with β‐galactosyl linkages at the nonreducing ends, of which the activity on 4‐nitrophenyl‐β‐d‐galactopyranoside was the highest, followed by 2‐nitrophenyl‐β‐d‐galactopyranoside and lactose. Among the tested metals and reagents, BtGal42 showed tolerance in the presence of various organic solvents. Importantly, BtGal42 exhibited a high reverse hydrolysis activity when using galactose as the donor and the di‐alcohol ethylene glycol and the trialcohol glycerol as the acceptors. Under unoptimized reaction conditions, the galactosyl glycerol yield reached 62.2 g/L (galactose conversion rate, 41.2%). This study might provide a feasible method for the biosynthesis of galactosyl glycerol from low‐cost glycerol and galactose, which was associated with high conversion efficiency and few byproducts.
Glycosides and Vascular Complications of Diabetes
Authors: Yeram Pranali B. , Kulkarni Yogesh A. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiabetes is linked with various microvascular and macrovascular complications. Nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy are important microvascular complications of diabetes. Different types of secondary metabolites including glycosides have been studied for their effects in diabetic complications. Various glycosides such as flavanoid glycosides and saponin glycosides are reported for their beneficial effects in diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy and cardiomyopathy by action on various pathways involved in the progression of these complications. Coumarin glycosides and cryanogenic glycosides have been studied for their effective role in diabetic nephropathy. Phenolic glycosides and anthraquinone glycosides also have beneficial role in diabetic neuropathy. The present review focuses on various classes of glycosides and their role in the prevention and treatment of vascular complications of diabetes.