bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Public Option
Authors: Coyle Diane 
Published: April 2022

AbstractPeople value highly the digital technologies that are so pervasive in everyday life and work, certainly as measured by economists. Yet there are also evident harms associated with them, including the likelihood that they are affecting political discourse and choices. The features of digital markets mean they tend toward monopoly, so great economic and political power lies in the hands of a small number of giant companies. While tougher regulation may be one way to tackle the harms they create, it does not get at the structural problem, which is their advertising-driven business model. The hunt for people's attention drives algorithmic promotion of viral content to get ever-more clicks. An alternative policy intervention to reclaim public space would be to create a public service competitor that could drive competition along other dimensions. Online space must be reclaimed as a public space from the privately-owned US and Chinese digital giants.
The Wisdom of Mentor
Authors: Norman Jesse 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThomas Hobbes posited a social contract which legitimates sovereign authority. But what grounds, or could ground, such a contract? Through reflection on Oakeshott, and on Aristotle's Nichomachean Ethics, the paper argues for a so far unrecognised mode of human association: philic association. It briefly considers a possible expression of philic association in the history of English law, before making the case for programmes of mentoring as a policy both reflective and supportive of this mode. It ends by suggesting that the existence of such a mode shows why Hobbes's social contract theory, however ingenious and influential it has proven to be, is neither sufficient nor necessary for its stated purpose.
Irregular Migration, Historical Injustice and the Right to Exclude
Authors: Ypi Lea 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis paper makes the case for amnesty of irregular migrants by reflecting on the conditions under which a wrong that is done in the past can be considered superseded. It explores the relation between historical injustice and irregular migration and suggests that we should hold states to the same stringent standards of compliance with just norms that they apply to the assessment of the moral conduct of individual migrants. It concludes that those standards ought to orient migrants and citizens’ moral assessment of how their states handle questions of irregular migration and to inform political initiatives compatible with these moral assessments.
Measuring and improving radiotherapy delivery efficiency
Authors: Cooke Amy , Holborn Catherine 
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Introduction:
The researcher’s centre was in a unique position of merging with another established radiotherapy centre to create a Satellite Site. It was noted that the Satellite Site delivered more fractions per linac within the same working day profile as the Main Site. Subtle differences in the workflows allowed for an appraisal of the processes within a fraction of radiotherapy and how this can be refined to improve efficiency.

Methods:
Retrospective fraction timings were collected using the Oncology Information System for 98 breast and prostate treatments at both sites. A literature review was also conducted to further explore factors that impact fraction timings in other departments internationally.

Results:
Breast and prostate treatments took 2·1 and 2·93 minutes, respectively, longer to deliver at the Main Site. Set-up to the isocentre and verification image assessment took significantly longer in all cases at the Main Site. Literature surrounding efficiency is scarce but suggests methods used for online management of verification imaging significantly impacts appointment times.

Conclusion:
Implementation of a paperless workflow and process improvements for image assessment such as introducing a traffic light protocol may reduce the time to deliver a fraction of radiotherapy and maximise service efficiency.
The Execution of Whites for Crimes Against Ethnoracial Minorities
Authors: Smith Ryan Alan 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article extends Michael L. Radelet’s 1989 study of rare cases in which Whites have been executed for committing capital crimes against Blacks to include an assessment of White executions involving Latinx and Asian victims. The threefold aim is to (1) establish the frequency of such rare cases, and (2) explore the extent to which status characteristics (beyond race, ethnicity or gender) are present for these rare events; and (3) offer social dominance theory as a viable explanation for the patterns found in the data. An analysis of unique data from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice shows that out of 570 executions imposed between April 1982 and July 2020, only six cases led to the execution of Whites for crimes against Blacks (1.1%), sixteen cases for crimes against Hispanics (2.8%), and one case for crimes against an Asian American (0.18%). Beyond the minority status of the victim, two or more status markers were present when Whites were executed for crimes against people of color. The results, which are consistent with expectations drawn from social dominance theory, highlight the differential value placed on minority lives and call into question the legitimacy of the death penalty in the United States.
Key challenges to the corporate biosphere stewardship research program: inequity, reification, and stakeholder commensurability
Authors: Longo Stefano B. , Isgren Ellinor , York Richard 
Published: April 2022

Non-Technical SummaryResearch on “corporate biosphere stewardship” and the related concept of “keystone actor” has proliferated in recent years. We scrutinize the program focusing on issues and assumptions associated with inequality, naturalizing social processes, or reification, and characterizing corporations as equivalent stakeholders in sustainable development with other actors and organizations. As a result, we argue the program does not promote the stated claim of transformative change for sustainability. We suggest that the research program should develop a deeper analysis of social dynamics, forces, and structures, based in social theory, particularly sociological work, which can help reveal common taken for granted assumptions.Technical SummaryWe highlight important assumptions associated with the research program in sustainability science developed around “corporate biosphere stewardship” and the promise of “science-business initiatives.” In doing so, we interrogate a central concept in this research, “keystone actors.” We analyze the program based on associated research outputs and communications, focusing on three key challenges 1) inequities related to the concentration of political-economic power 2) concerns with naturalizing social processes, or reification, and 3) the limitations of characterizing corporations as commensurable stakeholders in sustainable development. This research program has revealed some important conditions and dynamics in relation to consolidation and concentration in global industries. However, it has been limited by insufficient integration of knowledge from social science, particularly sociology. Thus, the approach tends to undertheorize social dynamics, processes, and structures. Despite being framed as an effort at “improving the prospects for transformative change,” the implications, outcomes, and recommendations that emerge from this research program may inadvertently promote increased control and power of elite actors by presenting an ostensible inevitability of corporate dominance for bringing about social welfare and sustainability. We suggest greater attention to social structural dynamics, and particularly social struggles and social movements, when considering the potential for transformational change for sustainability.
Prosociality as response to slow- and fast-onset climate hazards
Authors: Steimanis Ivo , Vollan Björn 
Published: April 2022

Non-technical summaryMore and more people around the globe experience climate hazards. For vulnerable populations, these hazards not only cause significant physical damages, but can also affect the way people interact with each other. How such interactions are affected by climate hazards is particularly important for understanding the vulnerability of communities. Prosocial behavior is key for communities that heavily rely on informal social support to deal with these threats and for cooperative solutions to provide and maintain public goods. To investigate these effects, we talk to people living on the front lines of climate change and measure their prosociality using behavioral tasks. Our results show that both fast- and slow-onset hazards increase prosociality, underscoring the importance of well-functioning social relationships for dealing with hardship and uncertainty in a variety of contexts.Technical summaryPeople's willingness to engage in prosocial behavior can affect how vulnerable and resilient populations are to climate hazards. We study how different types of climate hazards, fast-onsetting cyclones and slowly rising sea-levels, might affect peoples' prosociality using incentivized behavioral tasks. We sample people who are at the forefront of climate change and either experienced Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines (study 1;n= 378) or are from sea-level rise hotspots (study 2;n= 1047) in Solomon Islands, Bangladesh, and Vietnam. We experimentally manipulate the salience of these hazards through recall or informational videos. Results from study 1 show that increases in prosociality are (i) independent of whether supportive behaviors or conflicts are recalled, (ii) are not only targeted to a narrow in-group, and (iii) do not come with increases in antisocial behaviors. In study 2, we also find that people behave more prosocial when they are informed about the impacts of rising sea-levels. Our survey evidence suggests that people who already perceive the threat of displacement due to rising sea-levels are also more prosocial. Overall, peoples' responses to both types of hazards are geared toward collective action, which could strengthen their adaptive capacity to deal with climate risks.Social media summaryPeople severely affected by sea-level rise and rapidly emerging climate hazards are responding with increases in prosocial behaviors to fellow villagers.
Observation of Temporal Variations in Seismic Anisotropy Within an Active Fault‐Zone Revealed From the Taiwan Chelungpu‐Fault Drilling Project Borehole Seismic Array
Authors: Hung Ruei‐Jiun , Ma Kuo‐Fong , Song Teh‐Ru Alex , Lin Yen‐Yu , Weingarten Matthew 
Published: April 2022

AbstractTemporal fault‐zone observations are important to better understand the evolution of fault structure and stress configuration. However, long‐term monitoring in the fault zone is rare after a large earthquake. Here, we use seismic data in the fault zone at 1‐km depth from the Taiwan Chelungpu‐fault Drilling Project to study long‐term anisotropy after the 1999 Mw7.6 Chi‐Chi earthquake. The direct S‐wave splitting measurements resolve the overall weak anisotropy in the shallow crust. In order to resolve fault damage zone anisotropy, we perform coda cross‐correlation technique for 794 microearthquakes between 2007 and 2013. We estimate the temporal change in background shear‐wave velocity, fast shear‐wave polarization direction (FSP), and strength of anisotropy (Aani) in the fault damage zone. We show the average FSP direction is N93°E with a significant Aani of about 12%, likely due to the pervasive vertical microcracks created after the earthquake. Temporal variations of anisotropy exhibit seasonal variation with periodicity every 9–12 months that correlates with rainfall events. Furthermore, long‐term anisotropy shows a gradual rotation of FSP direction of about 15° during the first 4 years of observation. At the same time, the strength of anisotropy reduced from 17% to 10% and shear‐wave velocity increased, suggesting the fault healed after the earthquake. This study reports in‐situ evidence for two key observations: (a) long‐term, fault‐zone healing after a major earthquake and (b) modulation of 1‐km deep fault‐zone properties by surficial hydrologic processes. These observations may provide constraints on the response of the fault damage zone in the interseismic period.
Numerical Simulation of Water Tank Circulation and Water Age Under Different Working Conditions
Authors: Ma Rui , Yan Qi , Zhu Jian‐rong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWith increasing real estate and apartment vacancy rates, the utilization rate of the water in water tanks is decreasing; this leads to an increase in the water age and deteriorates the water quality in water tanks. The general hydrostatic numerical model cannot simulate the flow field and water age of a water tank correctly because the horizontal scale of the water tank is equivalent to the vertical scale, and the vertical hydrostatic approximation assumption is no longer applicable. In this paper, the water age module is added to a three‐dimensional numerical model based on estuarine and coastal oceans, and a nonhydrostatic numerical model is developed to simulate and analyze the three‐dimensional flow field and the temporal and spatial variations in the water age of the water tank under different working conditions. The total water consumption and the effective volume of the water tank are the main factors affecting the water age, followed by the water level change range. The water age can be reduced to a lesser extent by setting the position of the inlet and outlet at a diagonal angle and adopting a larger inflow velocity. The distributions of the circulation and water age are mainly determined by the inlet in the influent process. There is no obvious dead water zone in the tank due to the strong disturbance, advection and diffusion in the secondary water supply process. The water age distribution in the water tank is mainly affected by advection, while diffusion plays a secondary role.
Automated Earthquake Detection and Local Travel Time Tomography in the South‐Central Andes (32–35°S): Implications for Regional Tectonics
Authors: Ammirati Jean‐Baptiste , Villaseñor Antonio , Chevrot Sébastien , Easton Gabriel , Lehujeur Maximilien , Ruiz Sergio , Flores María Constanza 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn the South‐Central Andes, the crustal structures driving the tectonic evolution of the Andean Cordillera remain unresolved. So far, most seismological studies focused on the subduction interface, leaving crustal seismicity and its relationship with crustal deformation and Andean volcanism mostly unconstrained. However, because of their large number compared to higher magnitude events, the characterization of small‐magnitude crustal earthquakes is key to identify active structures and better constrain the tectonic models. In this work, we exploit 53 months of continuously recorded, three‐component waveforms from the permanent seismic network in central Chile using a deep‐learning approach to improve the detection of small‐magnitude earthquakes. To increase station coverage, we also use the seismic phases obtained from a previous temporary seismic deployment. We use the obtained seismicity catalog to refine tomographic models of that region, revealing a more detailed architecture of the Chilean forearc. Travel times calculated in the new 3‐D velocity model allowed us to locate ∼14,000 earthquakes. Refined double‐difference relocations of ∼4,900 events located beneath the West Andean Thrust suggest a large‐scale, west‐dipping structure which, together with the west‐verging tectonic front, likely contributed to the uplift and crustal deformation during the past ∼20 Myr.
Roles and action mechanisms of bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia: a review
Authors: He Qijin , Liu Limin , Wei Jingge , Jiang Jiaying , Rong Zheng , Chen Xin , Zhao Jingwen , Jiang Kui 
Published: April 2022

AbstractGastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a precancerous lesion that increases the risk of subsequent gastric cancer (GC) development. Therefore, the mechanism of IM has been the focus of basic and clinical research. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been recognized as the main pathogenesis of gastric IM. However, more and more studies have shown that chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa caused by bile reflux is the key pathogenic factor of gastric IM. Bile reflux activates the expression of IM biomarkers via the bile acid receptor. In addition, microRNAs, exosomes, and epigenetics are also involved in the occurrence and development of bile acid-induced gastric IM. Currently, the relevant research is still very few. The molecular mechanism of the phenotypic transformation of gastrointestinal epithelial cells induced by bile acids has not been fully understood. This article mainly reviews the physiology and pathology of bile acid, mechanism of gastric IM induced by bile acid, bile acid receptors, and so on, in order to provide reference for further research.
Progress in the genetics of uveitis
Authors: Huang Xiu-Feng , Brown Matthew A. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractUveitis is the most common form of intraocular inflammatory disease and is a significant cause of visual impairment worldwide. Aetiologically, uveitis can also be classified into infectious uveitis and non-infectious uveitis. The common non-infectious forms of uveitis include acute anterior uveitis (AAU), Behçet’s disease (BD), Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR), sarcoid uveitis. In addition, a few monogenic autoinflammatory disorders can also cause uveitis, such as Blau Syndrome and haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20). Although the exact pathogenesis of non-infectious uveitis is still unclear, it is well-recognised that it involves both genetic and environmental risk factors. A hallmark of uveitis is its strong associations with human leucocyte antigens (HLA). For examples, AAU, BD and BSCR are strongly associated with HLA-B27, HLA-B51, and HLA-A29, respectively. In uveitis studies, multiple GWAS have successfully been conducted and led to identification of novel susceptibility loci, for example, IL23R has been identified in BD, VKH and AAU. In this review, we summarize the latest progress on the genetic associations of both HLA and non-HLA genes with major forms of uveitis, including AAU, BD, VKH, BSCR, sarcoid uveitis, Blau Syndrome and HA20, and potential future research directions.
Lithium Niobate Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers for high data-rate intrabody communication
Authors: Pop Flavius , Herrera Bernard , Rinaldi Matteo 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increased interest in continuous monitoring of patients and their Implanted Medical Devices (IMDs) with different wireless technologies such as ultrasounds. This paper demonstrates a high data-rate intrabody communication link based on Lithium Niobate (LN) Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (pMUTs). The properties of the LN allow to activate multiple flexural mode of vibration with only top electrodes. When operating in materials like the human tissue, these modes are merging and forming a large communication bandwidth. Such large bandwidth, up to 400 kHz, allows for a high-data rate communication link for IMDs. Here we demonstrate a full communication link in a tissue phantom with a fabricated LN pMUT array of 225 elements with an area of just 3 by 3 mm square, showing data-rates up to 800 kbits/s, starting from 3.5 cm and going up to 13.5 cm, which covers the vast majority of IMDs.
SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler complex within the reward pathway is required for behavioral adaptations to stress
Authors: Zayed Abdallah , Baranowski Camille , Compagnion Anne-Claire , Vernochet Cécile , Karaki Samah , Cuttoli Romain Durand-de , Saint-Jour Estefani , Bhattacharya Soumee , Marti Fabio , Vanhoutte Peter , Yaniv Moshe , Faure Philippe , Barik Jacques , Amar Laurence , Tronche François , Parnaudeau Sébastien 
Published: April 2022

AbstractEnduring behavioral changes upon stress exposure involve changes in gene expression sustained by epigenetic modifications in brain circuits, including the mesocorticolimbic pathway. Brahma (BRM) and Brahma Related Gene 1 (BRG1) are ATPase subunits of the SWI/SNF complexes involved in chromatin remodeling, a process essential to enduring plastic changes in gene expression. Here, we show that in mice, social defeat induces changes in BRG1 nuclear distribution. The inactivation of the Brg1/Smarca4 gene within dopamine-innervated regions or the constitutive inactivation of the Brm/Smarca2 gene leads to resilience to repeated social defeat and decreases the behavioral responses to cocaine without impacting midbrain dopamine neurons activity. Within striatal medium spiny neurons, Brg1 gene inactivation reduces the expression of stress- and cocaine-induced immediate early genes, increases levels of heterochromatin and at a global scale decreases chromatin accessibility. Altogether these data demonstrate the pivotal function of SWI/SNF complexes in behavioral and transcriptional adaptations to salient environmental challenges.
MTAP deficiency creates an exploitable target for antifolate therapy in 9p21-loss cancers
Authors: Alhalabi Omar , Chen Jianfeng , Zhang Yuxue , Lu Yang , Wang Qi , Ramachandran Sumankalai , Tidwell Rebecca Slack , Han Guangchun , Yan Xinmiao , Meng Jieru , Wang Ruiping , Hoang Anh G. , Wang Wei-Lien , Song Jian , Lopez Lidia , Andreev-Drakhlin Alex , Siefker-Radtke Arlene , Zhang Xinqiao , Benedict William F. , Shah Amishi Y. , Wang Jennifer , Msaouel Pavlos , Zhang Miao , Guo Charles C. , Czerniak Bogdan , Behrens Carmen , Soto Luisa , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki , Lewis Jeff , Rinsurongkawong Waree , Rinsurongkawong Vadeerat , Lee Jack , Roth Jack , Swisher Stephen , Wistuba Ignacio , Heymach John , Wang Jing , Campbell Matthew T. , Efstathiou Eleni , Titus Mark , Logothetis Christopher J. , Ho Thai H. , Zhang Jianjun , Wang Linghua , Gao Jianjun 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMethylthioadenosine phosphorylase, an essential enzyme for the adenine salvage pathway, is often deficient (MTAPdef) in tumors with 9p21 loss and hypothetically renders tumors susceptible to synthetic lethality by antifolates targeting de novo purine synthesis. Here we report our single arm phase II trial (NCT02693717) that assesses pemetrexed in MTAPdef urothelial carcinoma (UC) with the primary endpoint of overall response rate (ORR). Three of 7 enrolled MTAPdef patients show response to pemetrexed (ORR 43%). Furthermore, a historic cohort shows 4 of 4 MTAPdef patients respond to pemetrexed as compared to 1 of 10 MTAP-proficient patients. In vitro and in vivo preclinical data using UC cell lines demonstrate increased sensitivity to pemetrexed by inducing DNA damage, and distorting nucleotide pools. In addition, MTAP-knockdown increases sensitivity to pemetrexed. Furthermore, in a lung adenocarcinoma retrospective cohort (N = 72) from the published BATTLE2 clinical trial (NCT01248247), MTAPdef associates with an improved response rate to pemetrexed. Our data demonstrate a synthetic lethal interaction between MTAPdef and de novo purine inhibition, which represents a promising therapeutic strategy for larger prospective trials.