bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentially inappropriate medications at admission among elderly patients transported to a tertiary emergency medical institution in Japan
Authors: Aida Kenta , Azuma Kazunari , Mishima Shiro , Ishii Yuri , Suzuki Shoji , Oda Jun , Honma Hiroshi 
Published: April 2022

AimPotentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) have been reported to be associated with lower adherence, higher rates of adverse events, and higher health‐care costs in elderly patients with high comorbidity. However, inappropriate prescribing has not been adequately reported in studies of patients transported to tertiary care hospitals. In this study, we investigated PIMs at the time of admission, on the basis of the prescription status of elderly patients admitted to a tertiary emergency room (ER).MethodsWe included 316 patients (168 men and 148 women, aged 75–97 years) who were admitted to our ER from September 2018 to August 2019, whose prescriptions were available on admission. Drugs that met the Screening Tool of Older Persons' Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria version 2 were defined as PIMs. The primary outcome was the proportion of older adults taking at least one PIM at admission.ResultsThe proportion of patients taking PIMs at admission was 57% (n = 179). The most common PIMs were benzodiazepines, proton pump inhibitors, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The total number of medications prescribed at admission, prescriptions from multiple institutions, and prescriptions from clinics were the risk factors for PIMs at admission (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionWe must be careful to avoid inappropriate prescribing for patients transported to tertiary care hospitals who have numerous prescriptions at the time of admission, patients who receive prescriptions from multiple medical institutions, and patients who receive prescriptions from clinics.
Preparation of non‐swelling hydrogels and investigation on the adsorption performance of iron ions
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Hong , Wang Bo , Zeng Xu , Wang Jun , Ren Bo , Yang Xiaodong , Bai Xuefeng 
Published: April 2022

AbstractWe prepared a novel cellulose‐based non‐swelling hydrogel material PAAS‐CMC‐BPEI by a one‐step method. A large number of strong hydrogen bonds were formed between carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and sodium polyacrylate (PAAS) and ethylene imine polymer (BPEI). The hydrogel did not show any swelling even after being immersed in water for 6 months, and the hydrogel can maintain its original function and size for a more extended period. SEM tests visually demonstrate the structural characteristics of the hydrogel, whose tight three‐dimensional network structure imparts a macroscopically non‐swelling property to the hydrogel. This non‐swelling property maintains the initial state and function of the hydrogel and possesses the properties of the material itself well. The FTIR test proves that the main factor in the formation of this tight structure is the formation of a large number of internal hydrogen bonds. In addition, the PAAS‐CMC‐BPEI hydrogel exhibited high adsorption efficiency for ferrous ions in water. The adsorption conforms to a quasi‐secondary kinetic equation and is mainly chemisorption. The use of this non‐swelling hydrogel for the adsorption of ferrous ions holds promise for efficient, simple and fast operation in the field of wastewater treatment in the future.
Sperm morphology and testicular histology of the polyandric species Leptodactylus podicipinus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from an urban environment
Authors: Bordin Rafael Oliveira , Fernandes Carlos Eurico dos Santos , Franco‐Belussi Lilian , Leão Taynara Ribeiro Farias , Sanabria Marciana 
Published: April 2022

AbstractAnurans have a high reproductive diversity, which is closely associated with testicular dynamics and sperm production. This variety in reproduction is modulated by the sexual characteristics of reproductive strategies, such as polyandry. Leptodactylus podicipinus has high reproductive plasticity, wide geographical distribution, and polyandric behavior. Although aspects of the testes and sperm of this species are known, knowledge about the relationship between these aspects and reproductive investment is scarce. The present study evaluated the morphological characteristics of the testes and sperm in an urban environment. We used 11 sexually mature males from the city of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The specimens were obtained from night excursions between April and September, the months that constitute the post‐rainy season. The biometric data (snout‐vent length, testes, and body mass) were associated with sperm parameters (length of the spermatozoon head and tail). Stereological analyses of sperm morphology and the testes were performed. The results showed correlations between testis mass and spermatozoon length, which were positively related to head length and negatively related to tail length. The locular area and tail length were also negatively correlated. The percentage of normal spermatozoa was 97%; however, some sperm heads and tails exhibited different morphologies from the pattern described for the species. The germinative structure comprised more than 50% of the locular area composed of spermatozoa. The results of this study contribute to the knowledge of aspects related to the reproductive biology of L. podicipinus obtained from an urban environment.
Integration of virtual microscopy podcasts in the histology discipline in osteopathic medical school: Learning outcomes
Authors: Sakthi‐Velavan Sumathilatha , Zahl Sarah 
Published: April 2022

AbstractVirtual microscopy podcasts (VMPs) are narrative recordings of digital histology images. This study evaluated the outcomes of integrating the VMPs into teaching histology to osteopathic medical students. The hypothesis was that incorporating virtual microscopy podcasts as supplementary histology resources to the curriculum would have a positive impact on student performance and satisfaction. Sixty‐one podcasts of dynamic microscopic images were created using screen recordings of the digital slides. The VMPs were integrated as supplementary histology resources in multiple courses during the first and second years of the medical curriculum for three classes, a total of 477 osteopathic medical students. A voluntary and anonymous survey was obtained from the students using a questionnaire that included two open‐ended questions. The overall performance of the three classes on the histology content of the preclinical course examinations was compared to historical controls of the previous two classes that did not have access to the VMPs. Most students indicated that the podcasts enabled more efficient study time and improved their confidence in the histology content on examinations. The findings indicated a positive association between podcast viewing and efficient study time utilization and class performance. The class average scores of the three consecutive cohorts that used the VMPs progressively increased by 7.69%, 14.88%, and 14.91% compared to the controls. A summary of students' feedback and academic performance supported that integration of the VMPs into Histology teaching improved the learning experience. The findings align with previous studies on the effectiveness of multimedia‐based teaching in histology laboratory modules.
Regulation of Oct4 in stem cells and neural crest cells
Authors: Patel Ivanshi , Parchem Ronald J. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractDuring embryonic development, cells gradually restrict their developmental potential as they exit pluripotency and differentiate into various cell types. The POU transcription factor Oct4 (encoded by Pou5f1) lies at the center of the pluripotency machinery that regulates stemness and differentiation in stem cells, and is required for reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Several studies have revealed that Oct4 and other stemness genes are also expressed in multipotent cell populations such as neural crest cells (NCCs), and are required to expand the NCC developmental potential. Transcriptional regulation of Oct4 has been studied extensively in stem cells during early embryonic development and reprogramming, but not in NCCs. Here, we review how Oct4 is regulated in pluripotent stem cells, and address some of the gaps in knowledge about regulation of the pluripotency network in NCCs.
Expanding the targeting scope of FokI‐dCas nuclease systems with SpRY and Mb2Cas12a
Authors: Cheng Yanhao , Sretenovic Simon , Zhang Yingxiao , Pan Changtian , Huang Ji , Qi Yiping 
Published: April 2022

AbstractCRISPR‐Cas9 and Cas12a are widely used sequence‐specific nucleases (SSNs) for genome editing. The nuclease domains of Cas proteins can induce DNA double strand breaks upon RNA guided DNA targeting. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and Transcription Activator‐Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) have been popular SSNs prior to CRISPR. Both ZFNs and TALENs are based on reconstitution of two monomers with each consisting of a DNA binding domain and a FokI nuclease domain. Inspired by the configuration of ZFNs and TALENs, dimeric FokI‐dCas9 systems were previously demonstrated in human cells. Such configuration, based on a pair of guide RNAs (gRNAs), offers great improvement on targeting specificity. To expand the targeting scope of dimeric FokI‐dCas systems, the PAM (protospacer adjacent motif)‐less SpRY Cas9 variant and the PAM‐relaxed Mb2Cas12a system were explored. Rice cells showed that FokI‐dSpRY had more robust editing efficiency than a paired SpRY nickase system. Furthermore, a dimeric FokI‐dMb2Cas12a system was developed that displayed comparable editing activity to Mb2Cas12a nuclease in rice cells. Finally, a single‐chain FokI‐FokI‐dMb2Cas12a system was developed that cuts DNA outside its targeting sequence, which could be useful for many versatile applications. Together, this work greatly expanded the FokI based CRISPR‐Cas systems for genome editing.
Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry: Evolution of the Cell Setup for On‐Line Investigation of Products and Screening of Electrocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Queiroz Adriana C. , Souza Maykon L. , Camilo Mariana R. , Silva Wanderson O. , Cantane Daniel A. , Messias Igor , Pinto Maria R. , Nagao Raphael , Lima Fabio H. B. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractOne of the most important current topics in the renewable and sustainable energy scenario is the CO2 electro‐reduction reaction (CO2RR), which is an alternative and important route for its conversion into various high value‐added chemicals, therefore making up a CO2 recycling process. Despite its importance and the works already developed in this field, many challenges still need to be overcome for CO2RR to reach high values of efficiency and selectivity. This is even more challenging considering that this reaction occurs with the transfer of several electrons, making the investigation and elucidation of the reaction mechanism a real need. Thus, several characterization techniques have been employed, and specially, the on‐line Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (EC‐MS) technique emerges as a powerful tool, thus making possible to improve the understanding of reaction pathways, through the identification of products and intermediaries, and allowing the screening of electrocatalyst potentials for CO2RR. Herein, we present the evolution of adaptations of general electrochemical cell designs for the study of the CO2RR.
Electrochemical Synthesis Methods of Metal‐Organic Frameworks and Their Environmental Analysis Applications: A Review
Authors: Ren Hao , Wei Tianxiang 
Published: April 2022

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been increasingly utilized in the field of modern environmental analysis. Among the various synthesis approaches of MOFs, electrochemical synthesis methods have attracted much attention due to the green advantages in the aspects of mild preparation and convenient control for improving the probability of MOFs’ continuous and large‐scale production. In this review, from theory to application, the mechanisms of different electrochemical synthesis methods for MOFs were summarized and emphasized. They provided theoretical guidance for synthesizing new MOFs and developing novel eco‐friendly electrochemical synthesis methods for MOFs’ application in environmental analysis. Moreover, the applications of MOFs in environmental analysis field in recent years were comprehensively illustrated and the advantages and disadvantages of electrochemical synthesis methods to prepare MOFs as environmental analytical nanomaterials were evaluated. Finally, some suggestions for the optimization of electrochemical synthesis methods for MOFs and their future opportunities in environmental analytical applications were proposed.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the impact of the left atrial appendage closure on left atrial function
Authors: Mostafa Mostafa Reda , Magdi Mohamed , Al‐abdouh Ahmad , Abusnina Waiel , Elbanna Mostafa , Abdelazeem Basel , Renjithal Sarath Lal Mannumbeth , Mamas Mamas A , Shah Jaffer 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial (LA) appendage closure (LAAC) is effective in patients with atrial fibrillation who are not candidates for long‐term anticoagulation. However, the impact of LAAC on LA function is unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of LAAC on atrial function.MethodsThis meta‐analysis was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. A search strategy was designed to utilize PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Google scholar for studies showing the effect of LAAC on the LA function from inception to November 20, 2021. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated from the means and standard deviations.ResultsOf 247 studies initially identified, 8 studies comprising 260 patients were included in the final analysis. There was a significant increase in LA emptying fraction following LAAC compared with preoperative function (SMD: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04–1.01; p = .03; I2 = 75%). In contrast, there were no significant differences in LA volume (SMD: −0.07; 95% CI: −0.82–0.69; p = .86; I2 = 92%) peak atrial longitudinal strain (SMD: 0.50; 95% CI: −0.08–1.08; p = .09; I2 = 89%), peak atrial contraction strain (SMD: 0.38; 95% CI: −0.22–0.99; p = .21; I2 = 81%), strain during atrial contraction (SMD: −0.24; 95% CI: −0.61–0.13; p = .20; I2 = 0%), strain during ventricular systole (SMD: 0.47; 95% CI: −0.32–1.27; p = .24; I2 = 89%), strain during ventricular diastole (SMD: 0.09; 95% CI: −0.32–0.51; p = .66; I2 = 65%).ConclusionLAAC is associated with improvement in the left atrial emptying fraction, but did not significantly influence other parameters.
Emotion regulation strategies among individuals with borderline personality disorder relative to other groups: A review
Authors: Sorgi‐Wilson Kristen M. , McCloskey Michael S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) abilities. Investigations of ER strategies in BPD have been less robust. This systematic review identified 55 studies comparing ER strategy use between individuals diagnosed with BPD versus psychiatric and non‐psychiatric comparison groups. Individuals with BPD reported more frequent maladaptive and less frequent adaptive ER strategy use than non‐psychiatric controls. Results were less consistent relative to psychiatric comparison groups, though individuals with BPD reported greater self‐criticism and avoidance. Groups responded comparably to instructed use of adaptive (but not maladaptive) ER strategies. This body of research would benefit from further examination of the roles of psychiatric comorbidity and problematic behaviours in the relationship between BPD and ER strategies.
Corporate social responsibility and financial performance of product and service‐based firms listed on London Stock Exchange
Authors: Elmghaamez Ibrahim Khalifa , Olarewaju Jesuleke I. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThis article examines the impact of corporate social responsibility on the financial performance of firms listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). Using data for 50 firms spanning 2008–2017, our study reports that the environmental performance has positively influenced the stock price of both the product and service‐based firms listed on LSE. Similarly, it enhanced the return on capital for product‐based firms while reducing them for service‐based firms. In contrast, social activities have a significant negative impact on the stock price of the product and service‐based listed firms. Likewise, social performance has a significant negative impact on the return on capital of service‐based firms listed on LSE. However, we find an insignificant relationship between governance disclosure and the stock price and the return on capital for product and service‐based firms. This study has implications for policymakers of stock markets to issue rigid regulations to enforce all listed firms to disclose their environmental activities to stakeholders.
Electrodissolution‐Coupled Hafnium Alkoxide Synthesis with High Environmental and Economic Benefits
Authors: Li Shuai , Yang Shenghai , Li Kangkang , Lai Yanqing , Deng Chaoyong , Wang Changhong 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe conventional thermal method of preparing hafnium alkoxides [Hf(OR)4, R=alkyl] – excellent precursors for gate‐dielectric HfO2 on semiconductors – is severely hindered by its unsatisfactory environmental and economic burdens. Herein, we propose a promising electrodissolution‐coupled Hf(OR)4 synthesis (EHS) system for green and efficient electrosynthesis of Hf(OR)4. The operational principle of the electrically driven system consists of two simultaneous heterogeneous reactions of Hf dissolution and alcohol dehydrogenation, plus a spontaneous solution‐based combination reaction. In applying ethanol as solvent and Hf metal as electrodissolution medium, we achieved waste‐free production of high‐purity hafnium ethoxide [Hf(OEt)4] with an equivalent “a concomitant” reduction in CO2 emission of 187.33 g CO2 per kg Hf(OEt)4 and a high net profit of 30 477 USD per kg Hf(OEt)4. This system is very competitive with the thermal process, which unavoidably releases substantial waste and CO2 for a net profit of 27 700 USD per kg Hf(OEt)4. We anticipate that the environmental and economic benefits of the EHS process could pave the way for its practical application.
Relations between magnetosonic perturbations as an indicator of a magnetosonic exciter and equilibrium parameters of a plasma
Authors: Perelomova Anna 
Published: April 2022

AbstractThe thermodynamic relations between perturbation of pressure and perturbation of mass density and between components of velocity which specify a magnetosonic wave are theoretically studied. A planar flow with the wave vector forming a constant angle with the equilibrium magnetic field is investigated. The theory considers deviation from the adiabaticity of a flow due to some kind of heating–cooling function and thermal conduction of a plasma. It considers also the weak impact of nonlinearity. The thermodynamic relations and corresponding diagrams reveal the hysteretic character of irreversible processes in a plasma flow and may indicate damping and nonlinear parameters of a flow. They may indicate also the geometry of a flow, the equilibrium parameters of plasma, and specify a magnetosonic source. The harmonic and impulsive exciters are discussed in this connection.
A new leaky wave antenna using wire‐loaded metagratings: The theoretical analysis and implementation
Authors: Al Soad Odai Hassan Raheem , Sun Haifeng , Fu Jiahui , Wu Qun 
Published: April 2022

SummaryA new leaky wave antenna (LWA) based on wire‐loaded metagratings (MGs) is proposed, with the capability of successfully employing MGs for leaky modes. Periodic capacitive‐wired and inductive‐wired MGs are located on a dielectric substrate in the LWA framework and backed by a perfect electric conductor (PEC) layer. These MGs are partial radial surfaces to radiate energy using equivalent surface impedance with a local value of the complex wavenumber. A theoretical analysis has created a model for the equivalent electromagnetic fields produced via loaded‐wire MGs and generated the Z‐matrix and S‐matrix for a two‐port structure from the electromagnetic fields. As a result, a beam‐scanning range of 53° for the operating bandwidth of 9.9–11.9 GHz is achieved with a scanning sensitivity of 26.5°/GHz. Meanwhile, the realized gain is obtained up to 12.9 dB. The measurement and simulation results indicated that the MGs LWA was consistent. The proposed antenna performed admirably in beam‐steering communication systems.
Role of tau deposition in early cognitive decline in Down syndrome
Authors: Hartley Sigan L. , Handen Benjamin L. , Tudorascu Dana , Lee Laise , Cohen Annie , Piro‐Gambetti Brianna , Zammit Matthew , Klunk William , Laymon Charles , Zaman Shahid , Ances Beau M. , Sabbagh Marwan , Christian Bradley T. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractIntroductionDrawing on the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (AT[N]) model, the study examined whether the tau positron emission tomography (PET) biomarker [18F]AV‐1451 was associated with episodic memory problems beyond what was predicted by the amyloid beta (Aβ) PET in Down syndrome (DS).MethodsData from 123 non‐demented adults with DS (M = 47 years, standard deviation = 6.34) were analyzed. The Cued Recall Test assessed episodic memory. Tau PET standardized update value ratio (SUVR) was assessed across Braak regions as continuous and binary (high tau [TH] vs. low tau [TL]) variable. Global PET Aβ SUVR was assessed as binary variable (Aβ– vs. Aβ+).ResultsIn models adjusting for controls, tau SUVR was negatively associated with episodic memory performance in the Aβ+ but not Aβ– group. The Aβ+/TH group evidenced significantly worse episodic memory than the Aβ+/TL group.DiscussionSimilar to late‐onset and autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (AD), high tau was an indicator of early prodromal AD in DS.
Assessing representation of remote sensing derived forest structure and land cover across a network of protected areas
Authors: Muise Evan R. , Coops Nicholas C. , Hermosilla Txomin , Ban Stephen S. 
Published: April 2022

AbstractProtected areas (PA) are an effective means of conserving biodiversity and protecting suites of valuable ecosystem services. Currently, many nations and international governments use proportional area protected as a critical metric for assessing progress towards biodiversity conservation. However, the areal and other common metrics do not assess the effectiveness of PA networks, nor do they assess how representative PA are of the ecosystems they aim to protect. Topography, stand structure, and land cover are all key drivers of biodiversity within forest environments, and are well‐suited as indicators to assess the representation of PA. Here, we examine the PA network in British Columbia, Canada, through drivers derived from freely‐available data and remote sensing products across the provincial biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification system. We examine biases in the PA network by elevation, forest disturbances, and forest structural attributes, including height, cover, and biomass by comparing a random sample of protected and unprotected pixels. Results indicate that PA are commonly biased towards high‐elevation and alpine land covers, and that forest structural attributes of the park network are often significantly different in protected versus unprotected areas (426 out of 496 forest structural attributes found to be different; p < 0.01). Analysis of forest structural attributes suggests that establishing additional PA could ensure representation of various forest structure regimes across British Columbia's ecosystems. We conclude that these approaches using free and open remote sensing data are highly transferable and can be accomplished using consistent datasets to assess PA representations globally.