bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal effects of antidepressant treatment on resting state functional connectivity in adolescents with major depressive disorder
Authors: Lee K.H. , Shin J. , Lee J. , Yoo J.H. , Kim J.-W. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionAdolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) often show reduced prefrontal functional connectivity with the subcortical regions than healthy controls (HC) (Tang et al., 2018). However, relatively little is known about longitudinal effects of antidepressant (AD) treatment on resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC).ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate abnormal PFC RSFC in MDD adolescents compared to HC and longitudinal effects of AD on PFC RSFC.Methods
This study included 59 adolescents with MDD and 43 HC. MDD adolescents were treated with escitalopram in an 8 week, open-label trial. The treatment outcome was assessed by Children’s Depression Rating Scale (CDRS-R) and patients showing at least a 40% improvement in CDRS-R scores from baseline to week 8 were defined as “responders”. Functional and T1 images collected before and after treatment were processed using AFNI and Freesurfer. Our seed was the lateral PFC (LPFC, BA46). T-tests and repeated measures ANCOVAs, controlling for age and IQ, were conducted to examine abnormal PFC RSFC and longitudinal effects of AD on LPFC RSFC.ResultsRelative to HC, MDD showed increased LPFC RSFC with the posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) and superior frontal cortex (SFG) involved in attentional networks. Responders showed greater changes in LPFC RSFC with the MTG and SFG after AD treatment compared to non-responders and HC (Figure 1).ConclusionsOur finding suggests that reduced LPFC RSFC with the pMTG and SFG reflecting decreased attentional network connectivity may serve as a biomarker to predict AD treatment outcome in adolescents with MDD.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Integrating services to improve the return-to-work process in depression or anxiety: results from a three-arm parallel randomized trial
Authors: Hoff A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionDepression and anxiety are very frequent and associated with high societal costs, much suffering and functional impairment. Employment is essential and pivotal recovery after sick-leave. In many countries, health care interventions are delivered separately from vocational rehabilitation services. This fragmented placement of interventions often implies lack of coordination, creating despair among sick-listed persons.ObjectivesThe aim of this trial was to investigate an integrated mental health care and vocational rehabilitation intervention to improve and hasten the return-to-work process among people sick-listed with anxiety or depression.MethodsIn this RCT, participants were randomly allocated to A) integrated interventions (INT), B) improved mental health care (MHC) or B) service as usual (SAU). Primary outcome was time to return-to-work during 12-month. Secondary outcomes were time to return-to-work at 6-month follow-up; levels of anxiety, depression, stress symptoms and social and occupational functioning at 6-month follow-up; and return-to-work measured as proportion in work at 12-month follow-up.Results631 individuals randomized. INT showed higher proportion in work compared with both SAU and MHC at the 12-month follow-up. We found no differences regarding return-to-work time at either the 6-
or 12-month follow-up. No differences in symptoms between SAU, MCH or INT were detected, but MHC and INT showed lower scores on Cohen’s perceived stress scale compared with SAU at 12-month follow-up.ConclusionsAlthough INT did not hasten return-to-work, it yielded higher proportion in work compared with MHC and SAU.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Mother and father depression symptoms and child emotional difficulties: a network model
Authors: Martin A. , Konac D. , Maughan B. , Barker E. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionEnhancing understanding of depression symptom interactions between parents and associations with subsequent child emotional difficulties will inform targeted treatment of depression to prevent transmission within families.ObjectivesTo use a network approach to identify ‘bridge’ symptoms that reinforce mother and father depression, and whether bridge symptoms, as well as other symptoms, impact subsequent child emotional difficulties.MethodsSymptoms were examined using two unregularized partial correlation network models. The study included 4,492 mother-father-child trios from a prospective, population-based cohort in the United Kingdom. Mother and father reports of depression symptoms were assessed when the child was twenty-one months old. Child emotional difficulties were reported by the mother at ages nine, eleven and thirteen years.ResultsBridge symptoms mutually reinforcing mother and father depression symptoms were feelings of guilt and self-harm ideation, whereas anhedonia acted as a bridge from the father to the mother, but not vice-versa (fig.1, network 1). The symptom of feelings of guilt in mothers was the only bridge symptom which directly associated with child emotional difficulties. Other symptoms that directly associated with child emotional difficulties were feeling overwhelmed for fathers and anhedonia, sadness, and panic in mothers (fig.1, network 2).ConclusionsSpecific symptom interactions are central to the co-occurrence of depression symptoms between parents. Of interest, only one of the bridge symptoms associated with later child emotional difficulties. In addition, specific symptom-to-child outcomes were identified, suggesting that different symptoms in mothers and fathers are central for increased vulnerability in children.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Cognitive correlates of mixed depression
Authors: Simonetti A. , Bernardi E. , Bartolucci G. , Ferrara O. , Ruggiero S. , Di Nicola M. , Janiri D. , Sani G. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionMixed depressive states portend greater rates of impulsivity, attempted suicide, treatment resistance, and poorer outcome than non-mixed forms of depression. The neurocognitive bases of such affective states have not been defined yet.ObjectivesThis work represents an attempt to clarify the neuropsychology underlying mixed depressive states.MethodsThirty subjects with affective disorders with mixed depression (MxD), 54 subjects with non-mixed depression (nonMxD), 73 euthymic subjects (Eu) and 93 healthy comparisons (HC) underwent a neurocognitive battery including the Trail-Making Test (TMT), the Controlled Word Fluency Test (WFT) and the Semantic Fluency Test (SFT), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test RAVLT, the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test ROCFT, the Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM), and the Interference Component of the Stroop Test (ST). Between-group differences were performed through multiple one-way analyses of variance. Post-hoc analyses were performed using Tukey post-hoc tests.ResultsHC performed better than the three patient groups in all the aforementioned neurocognitive tests. Eu performed better in RPM, TMT, SFT than nonMxD, and better on ST WCST than both nonMxD and MxD. MxD showed better performances in RPM, TMT-A, WCST than nonMxD, and more errors and less reaction times in the ST than nonMxD.Conclusions
Mixed depressive states are characterized by enhanced attentional resources and greater set shifting abilities than non-mixed depressive states. On the other hand, they have less cognitive control than non-mixed depression. Such findings might explain some typical features observed in subjects with mixed depression, such impulsivity, suicidality, emotional reactivity and behavioral dyscontrol.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Screening Accuracy of the Portuguese version of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale-7 according to DSM-5 criteria
Authors: Pereira A.T. , Azevedo J. , Soares M.J. , Marques C. , Marques M. , Barros M. , Carvalho F. , Pereira D. , Macedo A. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe Portuguese shortest version of the Perinatal Depression Screening Scale/PDSS-7 proved to be valid and reliable, in Portugal and Brazil, but it is essential to analyze its operational characteristics before using it for screening purposes.ObjectivesTo determine PDSS-7 cut-off points and associated conditional probabilities to screen for major depression, according to the DSM-5.Methodshe pregnancy sample was composed of 259 women in the second trimester (Mean gestation weeks=17.83±4.750). The postpartum sample consisted of 241 women assessed between the 2nd-6thmonths postpartum(M=17.99±4.689 weeks postpartum). All women completed the PDSS-7 and were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview for Psychological Distress(Pereira et al., 2017), a semi-structured clinical interview to assess the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in the perinatal period according to the DSM-5 criteria. MedCalc was used to perform ROC analysis.ResultsDuring pregnancy, the major depression prevalence was of 4.6%(n=12). The cut-off point that maximizes the Youden Index(J=.98, 95%CI: .97-.99; AUC=.99; se=.004; p<.001) was of 18(95%CI:17-19), which resulted in a sensitivity of 100%(71.5%-100%), a specificity of 97.98%(95.3%-99.3%), a positive predictive value/+PP of 68.8%(48.0%-84.0%) and a negative predictive value/-PP of 100%. In the postpartum, the major depression prevalence was of 10.4%(n=25). The cut-off point(J=.79, 95%CI: .63-.82; AUC=.89; se=.036; p<.001) was of 14(95%CI: 12-16), with a sensitivity of 85.0%(69.3%-93.2%), a specificity of 85.0%(69.3%-93.2%), a +PP of 56.5%(46.1%-67.3%) and a -PP of 97.5%(94.6%-98.8%).ConclusionsThe Portuguese version of PDSS-7 presents good combinations of sensitivity and specificity, being accurate and usable to screen for depression during pregnancy and in the postpartum both in research and primary health care.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Leadership skills training in Psychiatry: A European-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Santos M. , Samouco A. , Azvee Z. , Krishnan D. , Zaja N. , Pedro J. , Maitra R. , László A. , Fellinger M. , Halbreich U. , Pinto Da Costa M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionLeadership in healthcare organisations is crucial to continually improve and provide high quality compassionate care. Leadership development and training enables the psychiatrists in developing these essential skills. Focusing on how to enhance leadership development through leadership skills training and experiential learning should be a priority. However, little is known about the extent to which this leadership skills training is available across Europe in the early stage of the career of psychiatrists.ObjectivesTo investigate the access to leadership development opportunities among European psychiatric trainees and early career psychiatrists (ECPs) and their perceptions related to leadership skills training.MethodsCross-sectional study, using an online survey consisting of multiple-choice questions and free text responses.ResultsParticipants from 33 European countries took part in this survey, where the majority were female. More than half were general adult psychiatric trainees and more than a quarter ECPs. About half indicated having no access to leadership skills training within their training program, with only about 10% being satisfied with the training received. About half sought additional training outside their program. A vast majority requested training in leadership skills to be included in a psychiatric training program.Conclusions
Our study provides an overview of important gaps in availability and access to leadership skills training amongst psychiatric trainees and ECPs across Europe. We hope that this study will help inform future actions pertaining to development and improvement of leadership skills training for trainees and ECPs across Europe.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Associations between COVID-19 pandemic impact, dimensions of behavior and eating disorders: a longitudinal UK-based study
Authors: Ioannidis K. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThere is growing concern about how people with eating disorders are impacted by the widespread societal restructuring during the COVID-19 crisis.ObjectivesWe aimed to examine how factors relating to the impact of the pandemic associate with eating disorders and quantify this relationship while adjusting for concurrent and longitudinal parameters of risk.MethodsWe gathered demographic, behavioral and clinical data pre- and mid-pandemic as well as childhood trauma history from a longitudinal online survey of 489 adults (mean age 23.4 years) recruited from the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (NSPN). Using pre-pandemic (T1) and concurrent (T2) data we aimed to predict eating disorders at mid-pandemic (T2). We deployed hierarchical generalized logistic regression to ascertain the strength of longitudinal and concurrent associations.ResultsPre-pandemic eating disorder scores strongly associated with concurrent eating disorder (z=5.93). More conflict at home mid-pandemic (z=2.03), pre- (lower sensation seeking z=-2.58) and mid-pandemic (higher lack of perseverance z=2.33) impulsivity traits also associated with mid-pandemic eating disorder. Significant correlations between pandemic-related disrupted lifestyle and eating disorder psychopathology both pre- and mid-pandemic were observed.Conclusions
Conflict at home mid-pandemic and specific aspects of impulsiveness significantly associated with concurrent eating disorder when adjusted for pre-pandemic eating disorder symptoms, baseline demographics, behavioral traits, history of traumatic experiences and concurrent psychopathology. These results provide insight into the struggles of those suffering with eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight the importance of impulsiveness traits and the immediate family environment in their experience of illness during the pandemic.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Daily affective experiences are associated with daily, but not trait-level rumination
Authors: Kovacs L. , Kocsel N. , Toth Z. , Smahajcsik-Szabo T. , Karsai S. , Kökönyei G. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionRumination is a transdiagnostic risk factor to psychopathology that has mostly been studied in relation to depression (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991). However, rumination may also occur in response to positive events and emotions (Feldman et al., 2008), and may be a protective factor as it is associated with higher positive affect (Harding et al., 2017).ObjectivesWe aimed to examine ruminative response to positive affect (RPA) in daily life and explore its relationship with daily positive and negative affect. We hypothesized that daily positive and negative affect would be associated with daily RPA even after controlling for trait-level RPA and depressive rumination.MethodsWe carried out a daily diary study with university students (n=178). After filling out the baseline survey assessing trait-level rumination, participants had to answer short surveys online about their daily affect and daily rumination every evening for 10 consecutive days. We analyzed our data with multilevel regression in R.ResultsIn line with our expectations, daily RPA was significantly associated with daily positive (β=0.16) and negative affect (β=-0.07), while trait-level rumination scores were not significantly associated with daily positive and negative affect. The within-person relationship was stronger between RPA and positive affect (β=0.17) than the between-person relationship (β=0.09). Daily and trait-level rumination were weakly correlated (r=0.218-0.284).ConclusionsUnder ecologically valid conditions, we found that daily rumination was more important in daily affective experiences than trait-level rumination. Understanding whether one’s current affect is more strongly associated with trait-level, state-level or even contextual factors may yield better intervention strategies for affective disorders.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Facilitation of Psychiatric Advance Directives by peer-workers: results from DAiP
Authors: Tinland A. , Loubiere S. , Mougeot F. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities recognized that people with psychosocial disabilities have the same right to take decisions and make choices as other people. Consequently, direct or supported decision-making should be the norm and there should be no substitute decision-making. However, these principles are far from common practice in many mental health services. Joint-crisis plan (JCP) and Psychiatric advance directives (PAD) are interesting tools to translate the shared-decision making principle into clinical and practical reality. Most existing JCP or PAD involve facilitators, which improves their effectiveness, but facilitators are mostly professionals.ObjectivesIn this context, DAiP study was launched to evaluate the efficacy of PAD facilitated by peer-workers.MethodsDAiP was a multicenter randomized controlled trial conducted in 7 French mental health facilities, with a complementary qualitative approach. 394 adults with a DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar I disorder (BP-I), or schizoaffective disorders (SCZaff
), who were compulsorily hospitalized in the past 12 months were enrolled from January 2019 and followed up for 12 months. Outcomes were compulsory admission rate, therapeutic alliance (4-PAS), quality of life (S-QOL), mental health symptoms (MCSI), empowerment (ES) and recovery (RAS).ResultsIn this communication, we propose to describe the practices of facilitation of peer-workers and analyze outcomes in lights of process measurements (whether or not participants completed PAD document, shared PAD and with whom, met facilitator, used PADConclusionsInvolving peer-workers in the redaction of PADs coherently supports the current shift of mental health care from ‘substitute decision making’ to ‘supported decision making’.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Qualitative Study of Mental Health Improvements with Traditional Cultural Healers in North America
Authors: Mehl-Madrona L. , Mainguy B. 
Published: September 2022

Introduction
Traditional cultural healers -- their methods and their results -- are often invisible to conventional medical practitioners. When confronted with a result that does not make sense, we often ignore it.ObjectivesWe wanted to understand the process that happened between people and traditional cultural healers when these people experienced substantial improvement in mental health without psychiatric treatment.MethodsWe collected 56 case stories from people who consulted traditional cultural healers instead of conventional medical practitioners for serious mental health problems. We confirmed the stories with family members and interviewed the healers as well. We used constructivist grounded theory to explore commonalities in the stories from the clients’ points of view and from the healers’ perspectives. The context is indigenous people in North America.ResultsPatients had a range of diagnoses, including psychotic disorders (12), bipolar disorder (28), and evere unipolar depression (16). Co-morbid anxiety disorders were common (22). Improvement in mental health was associated with participation in ceremonies within a community, building relationships with members of that community, engaging in prescribed daily practices endorsed by that community, with a resulting report of feeling increases in social and spiritual connectedness. The healers believed strongly that the embeddedness in community contributed to the results and that spirit beings played important roles in helping people feel better. The use of psychiatric medications was minimal.ConclusionsPsychiatry can acknowledge that people can have substantial improvements in mental health when working with traditional cultural healers outside of conventional settings. Studying these settings and results can improve conventional practice.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Aggressive phenotype editing by modulated immune cells
Authors: Markova E. , Serenko E. , Knyazheva M. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionIn human society increased aggressiveness is one of the main social and health problems. Immune cells have a regulatory effect on the central nervous system functions, including regulation of behavior.Objectives
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of in vitro neuroleptic-modulated immune cells transplantation on behavioral phenotype and brain cytokines in aggressive syngeneic recipients.Methods
(CBAxC57Bl/6) F1 aggressive male mice, developed in conditions of social confrontation, were undergoing the transplantation of syngeneic immune cells with in vitro chlorpromazine-modulated functional activity. Recipient’s behavioral phenotyping was performed using modern hardware and software complex EthoVision XT. The brain cytokines content was assessed by ELISA.ResultsIt was found that repeated experience of aggression, accompanied by victories, leads to a change in male mice behavior, which manifests itself by increased motor activity, irritability, severe anxiety, and the appearance of stereotypies. Transplantation of chlorpromazine-modulated splenocytes in aggressive recipient was accompanied by decreased motor activity in the Open Field, increased open arm activity in Plus Maze, reflects anti-anxiety behavior; decreased time spent close to the partition and the total duration of attacks after removal of the partitionin in resident-intruder test, reflects decreased aggressive motivation. Behavioral changes in recipients were accompanied with cytokines brain changes: decreased IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, INFγ in the hippocampus; increased IL-4 and decreased INFγ in the hypothalamus; decreased IL-1β in the frontal cortex.Conclusions
Chlorpromazine - modulated immune cells have a positive aggressive behavior editing effect being involved in the central mechanisms underlying the development of aggressive reactions.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
SSRIs treatment did not completely restore affective state in patients with the initial clinically confirmed major depressive disorder/generalized anxiety disorder after COVID-19 disease
Authors: Fedotova J. , Bereza Z. 
Published: September 2022

IntroductionThe major clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in the brain are associated with its deleterious neurological and mental health actions.Today, there are limited findings concerning the studying of neuropsychiatric action for SARS-Cov-2 in humans after COVID-19 disease.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of SSRIs (escitalopram, sertraline and fluoxetine) for 6 months therapy on the affective profile of man and women with the clinically confirmed Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) cases following COVID-19 disease.Methods. For the assessment of affective profile in man and women (30-55 years) with the initial clinically confirmed MDD or GAD cases after COVID-19 disease, we used the different tests: Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and anxiety scale (ShARS Scale). The hormonal and monoamines levels in the serum blood were measured by ELISA tests before and after SSRIs therapy.Results
After 6 months of SSRIs therapy, MADRS Scale showed a incomplete disappearance of the depressive/anxiety manifestations in both men and women with the initial clinically confirmed MDD case after COVID-19 (p<0,05). We found that SSRIs were able to reduce depression/anxiety levels only on 20% in man or on 30% in women with the initial MDD case after COVID-19 before treatment.ConclusionsSSRIs treatmet alone failed to produce the decrease of depression/anxiety in the patients of both gender with the initial MDD or GAD diagnosis after COVID-19. The further randomized clinical trials involving new pharmacological therapies for psychiatric pations after COVID-19 disease are needed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.