bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-108 Inflammatory Biomarkers Link Perceived Stress With Metabolic Dysregulation
Authors: Jurgens Savana M , Prieto Sarah , Hayes Jasmeet P 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Psychological stress has been identified as a risk factor for several metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. However, the intermediate pathways underlying this relationship are not well understood. Inflammatory responses may be one process by which stress leads to metabolic dysregulation. Prior work has shown that chronic stress is associated with elevated systemic inflammation and that altered inflammatory activity contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. The current analyses tested this theory by examining inflammation as a pathway by which perceived stress affects metabolic health.
Methods: Data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) (N = 863; Mean age = 52.72) provided measures of perceived stress, inflammatory biomarkers [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and metabolic health markers. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the fit of a hierarchical model of metabolic dysregulation in our sample. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the assumption that stress is linked to metabolic dysregulation through inflammation.
Results: The CFA of metabolic dysregulation demonstrated excellent goodness of fit [RMSEA = 0.040 (95% CI = 0.036–0.062); CFI = 0.973; SRMR = 0.082]. SEM supported the proposed model which included perceived stress, inflammation and the metabolic latent variable with age and sex as covariates [RMSEA = 0.082 (95% CI = 0.075–0.089); CFI = 0.898, SMSR = 0.085]. The indirect pathway linking stress to metabolic dysregulation via inflammation was significant [B = 0.029, z = 2.812, p &lt; 0.01].
Conclusions: These results suggest that inflammatory biomarkers are a viable pathway for explaining how experiencing stress may result in metabolic dysregulation. Inflammatory processes may be an important target for future research investigating stress and adverse health outcomes.
A-112 Cognitive Reliability and Time to Failure Rate Theory and Genetics
Authors: Poreh Amir M , Baker Essence , Miller Makayla 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: In this study, we utilized the cognitive reliability intact the failure theory toward an understanding of the impact of genetics and more specifically APOE-4 on cognitive decline. This method allows for the identification of the threshold as well as the decline rate in groups with different levels of education.
Method: Data was obtained from the National Alzheimer’s coordination center(NACC). Following Brickell et al, 2020 we focused on the Trail Making Test part B (number of seconds to complete the task) and semantic fluency (animals) tests.
Results: The study shows higher performance on the TMT B among those without the E4 allele emerging already at the age of 65. The decline rate however remains identical across the 3 groups. On the Semantic Fluency, Taskwe compared high school and college-educated subjects. Those without copies of the E4 allele exhibit stable functioning until about the age of 75 and then show a rapid exponential decline. Those with one copy exhibit an earlier threshold at about the age of 55. Those with a college education have a higher asymptote and show a decline before the age of 45 With the rate of decline has a linear characteristic.
Conclusion(s): The present study demonstrates the utility of the reliability intent of failure theory for the study of cognitive decline across the lifespan. They show that the distinction between threshold decline rates could serve as an important factor in examining the impact of genetics.
A-115 Identifying Factors Related to High Healthcare Utilization in a Group Of Persons with Dementia and their Caregivers
Authors: Pereira Carolina , Arredondo Beth , Boettcher Anneliese , Brickell Emily , Sawyer R John 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Identify factors related to high healthcare utilization in dementia patients to determine a high-risk profile and tailor the Care Ecosystem Program to subgroup needs.
Methods: Cross-sectional data on persons with dementia (PWD) and caregivers (CG) enrolled in a branch of the Care Ecosystem Program (memory.ucsf.edu/Care-Ecosystem) were used. PWD had one emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization prior 12-months. Data for 273 dyads included sociodemographics, healthcare utilization, dementia severity (Quick Dementia Rating Scale), and emotional wellbeing (i.e., Short-Form Zarit Burden Interview, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7). High utilizers (HU) were more than two standard deviations above the mean for ED visits (N = 40) or hospitalizations (N = 42). Analyses included descriptive, frequencies, independent sample t-tests, and negative binomial regressions.
Results: Mean age was 80 years for PWD and 64 years for CGs. Both were predominantly female (PWD = 60%, CG = 78%) and white (64%) with high school education or higher (PWD = 83.5%, CG = 97.4%). Dementia severity was mild to moderate (QDRS M = 11.4; SD = 6). ED-HU had higher/more dementia severity (p = 0.03, d = 6.2), medical comorbidities (p &lt; 0.001, d = 2.4), medications (p = 0.047, d = 4.5), and preventable (p = 0.013, d = 0.7) and unpreventable (p &lt; 0.001, d = 1.5) visits. Hospitalization HU presented increased neuropsychiatric severity (p = 0.048, d = 6.5) and medications (p = 0.012, d = 4.4). Negative binomial regression model for ED visits (p = 0.025) showed increased comorbidities as the only predictor (p = 0.034), while the model for hospitalizations (p = 0.010) was associated with Black race (p = 0.004), younger PWD (p = 0.033), and more medications (p &lt; 0.001).
Conclusions: Increased medical complexity was associated with HU for ED visits and hospitalizations in PWD-CG dyads. Additional research and possible need for variation in care management services are warranted.
A-120 Cognitive Function and VO2max following HIIT Exercise Intervention
Authors: Myers Terina L , Norling Amani , Gerstenecker Adam , Buford Tom , Lazar Ronald M 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: To determine if an 8-week HIIT exercise intervention would improve VO2max and cognitive function in older sedentary women.
Method: Eleven women between the ages of 60 and 75 participated in an 8-week HIIT exercise intervention. At baseline, participants were administered a VO2max test and a neuropsychological battery, which assessed both global functioning as well as specific domains of processing speed, visual memory, attention, language and executive function. Composite scores for each domain were calculated using average z-scores. Procedures performed at baseline were conducted again following intervention.
Results: Following the intervention, there was a mean VO2max increase of 3.89 ml/kg/min (p&lt;.0001) compared to baseline. Cognitive data showed the total cognitive composite z-score significantly improved from baseline (M=-0.71, SD=0.58) to follow-up (M=0.20, SD=0.61). Visual memory baseline (M=-0.37, SD=1.97) also showed significant increase at follow-up (M=0.27, SD=0.83) along with a language domain improvement from baseline (M=-0.04, SD=0.60) to follow-up (M=0.25, SD=0.59), all p &lt;.05. In addition, VO2max was significantly correlated with the total cognitive composite z-score (r= 0.65; p&lt; .05) and visual memory (r=.66; p&lt;.05).
Conclusions: We found that 8-weeks of HIIT was sufficient to increase VO2max in older sedentary women. Total composite z-scores and specific domains of visual memory and language also showed significant improvement after intervention. Total cognitive composite scores and visual memory were also correlated with VO2max. These findings highlight the need to explore further the mechanisms that drive exercise effects on cognition across diverse populations.
A-121 Drinking Behavior and Impulsivity in College Students
Authors: Hatch Oliver J , Agbaroji Hannah A , Valencia Estefania , Hardy David J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Individuals with chronic alcohol abuse have been shown to be more impulsive. Our objective in the present study was to assess drinking behavior in healthy college students and examine potential relationships between these drinking habits and impulsive behavior.
Method: College students (n = 22) completed a survey about drinking behaviors, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (assessing various subscales of impulsivity), and the Color-Word Inference Test portion of the Delis Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS). The Color-Word Inference Test is a variation of the Stroop Test, testing the ability to inhibit prepotent responses.
Results: We found a significant relationship (r = 0.428, p = 0.047) between total number of drinks per week (M = 5.59, SD = 5.70) and the Barratt motor impulsiveness subscale (M = 2.12, SD = 0.455). Looking for behavioral evidence of this relationship, we examined this same group with the DKEFS Color-Word Inference Test and found total number of self-corrected errors (M = 0.909, SD = 1.02) was positively associated with total number of drinks consumed per week (r = 0.446, p = 0.037).
Conclusion(s): Preliminary results show a relationship between alcohol consumption and motor impulsivity. We propose that greater alcohol consumption may be an indicator that our subjects made errors on the Color-Word Inference Test due to impulsive tendencies and are then catching and correcting their errors soon after they are made. These findings are of interest considering the population examined are young and otherwise healthy college students, suggesting fairly mild but acute effects of moderately heavy alcohol consumption.
A-126 Social Determinants Measures: Dichotomous or Dimensional?
Authors: Tse Phoebe Ka Yin , Shields Allison N , Chang Fini , Wisinger Amanda M , Stocks Jane K , Bing-Canar Hanaan , Khan Humza , Lapitan-Moore Franchezka , Jennette Kyle J , Soble Jason R , Resch Zachary J 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: The study aimed to examine the use of dichotomous versus dimensional scores across two social determinant measures regarding their ability to predict cognitive and psychiatric outcomes in a diverse, urban, clinical sample. The goal was to better guide clinicians in the selection of appropriate research methodology pertaining to the use of cut-scores versus dimensional constructs.
Method: The study included 215 adults referred for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation. Patients were classified into at-risk/low-risk groups based on predetermined Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine - Revised (REALM-R) and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) cut-scores. Nine cognitive tests and two psychiatric self-report scales were administered. A series of hierarchical regression models were conducted to investigate the predictive power of dichotomous scores alone, and account for the incremental predictive power of dimensional scores.
Results: For REALM-R, dichotomous scores alone accounted for significant variance, demonstrating robust predictive power across all cognitive tests (p &lt; 0.001 to p &lt; 0.05), but not for psychiatric outcomes. Dimensional scores provided significant incremental variance in five cognitive tests (p &lt; 0.001to p &lt; 0.05) during which the parameter estimate for the dichotomous scores was reduced to non-significance. Regarding ACE, dichotomous scores were positively associated with psychiatric symptoms (p &lt; 0.001), but not with cognitive outcomes. The addition of dimensional scores did not predict significantly more variance.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated the robust predictive power of dichotomous scores in REALM-R and ACE. Further, dimensional scores provided potent incremental predictive power for REALM-R and should be used to enhance clinical decision-making when applicable.
A-139 Language and Communication Skills in Children with Different Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses
Authors: Williams Brittney M , Bothe Denise , Lipman Catherine , Tangen Rachel 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) exhibit language deficits, but there has been limited investigation of differences in language and every day communication abilities between FASD diagnostic subgroups. Objective: First, it was hypothesized that children across FASD diagnoses would show deficits in expressive and receptive language and parent rated communication compared to the normative sample. Second, it was hypothesized that language and communication scores would get significantly worse as the severity of FASD diagnosis increased.
Method: 90 children (Mean Age = 8 years; 58% Male) were assessed through FASD multidisciplinary clinic using the 4-digit code (Astley, 2004). Fourteen participants met criteria for full/partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), 29 for Static Encephalopathy (SE), and 47 for Neurobehavioral Disorder (ND). Language skills were assessed with Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Formulated Sentences, NEPSY-2 Comprehension of Instructions, and Vineland-III Communication subtest.
Results: The FASD group performed significantly worse than the normative sample on expressive language (p &lt;.001; 95% CI [-5.72, -2.63]), receptive language (p&lt;.001; 95% CI [-3.33, -2.12]) and communication tasks (p &lt;.001; 95% CI [-24.70, -20.30]). The expressive language score was significantly different between groups: F (2, 30.208) = 5.355, p = .020. The ND group performed significantly better (p = .048) 95% CI [.04, 9.96] than other groups. No other significant differences were found.
Conclusions: Children with FASD have language deficits on objective measures and parent ratings, which should be a focus of intervention. Expressive but not receptive language or communication skills were impacted by diagnostic severity; therefore, other factors impacting communication should be examined.
A-141 Pediatric Epilepsy Severity Relates to Adverse Childhood Experiences
Authors: Schweitzer Hannah , Bush Joseph , Emick Jessica 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: The impact of acute stress on seizure frequency and severity is well documented in pediatric epilepsy (van Campen et al., 2012). The extent to which specific chronic stressors such as Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACES) impact epilepsy severity is unknown. This study aims to examine the impact of specific ACES on epilepsy severity.
Method: Data from the 2019-2020 National Survey of Children’s Health, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey, were used. Variables for epilepsy severity were recoded to exclude responses from subjects without epilepsy (remaining responses were recoded 0 for Mild, 1 for Moderate and Severe) (N=457). Chi square tests were run with ACES categories that had dichotomous variables, and independent t-tests were run for ones with ordinal variables.
Results: A statistically significant relationship was found between epilepsy severity and the child’s parent or guardian serving time in jail [X₂ (1, N= 451) = 6.16, p= .013], with a small effect size (.11), and between epilepsy severity and difficulty covering basic needs on family income [t(457)= -2.00, p= .046]. Other ACES did not significantly relate to epilepsy severity.
Conclusion: Effective treatment of pediatric epilepsy involves holistic analysis of ongoing stressors in the family, and use of appropriate social services resources may aid in reducing epilepsy severity. Further research is needed on impacts of parental incarceration and financial instability over other adverse experiences.
A-142 The Impact of Temperament on Sleep in Term and Preterm Infants
Authors: Lobermeier Michelle , Lang Natasha , Lajiness-O'Neill Renee 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Research has examined temperament’s effect on infant sleep. Poorer sleep has been associated with higher negative affectivity, lower surgency, and lower regulation. Limited research has examined gestational age in this association, despite findings that gestational age is individually related to temperament and infant sleep. Due to the increased risk associated with prematurity, we hypothesized that the aforementioned associations between temperament and poorer sleep would be stronger for children with lower gestational age.
Methods: Socioeconomically diverse term and preterm caregiver/infant dyads (N=571) were recruited in a longitudinal, multisite study. Temperament was measured at 9 months using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Infant sleep (IS) and parent perception of sleep (PP) were measured at 15 months using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Correlational analyses examined associations between temperament and sleep, while regression analyses explored gestational age as a moderator in this association.
Results: Higher negative affectivity was associated with poorer IS and PP (r=-.18, r=-.20, respectively, p&lt;.01). Higher surgency was only associated with poorer IS (r=-.16, p&lt;.01), while higher regulation/orienting was only associated with better PP (r=.16, p&lt;.01). Gestational age was not a significant moderator.
Conclusion: Lack of moderation suggests gestational age does not differentially affect the association between temperament and sleep. Higher negative affectivity and higher surgency were associated with poorer IS, suggesting a target group for intervention. Children with higher negative affectivity may be more likely to receive intervention than those with higher surgency, as parents view their sleep as problematic. Children with higher surgency may require increased monitoring to receive intervention when warranted.
A-143 Understanding the Heterogeneous Effects of MELAS: A Comparative Study of Juvenile Sisters
Authors: Harness James E , Reis Jacqueline P , Ismail Hajar A , Herby Cecily A , Hall Asia A , Rossing John C , Obolsky Maximillian A , Bylsma Frederick W 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a rare syndrome resulting from mutations in mitochondrial DNA. A neuropsychological profile of MELAS typically shows deficits in executive function, attention, language, memory, visuospatial, and motor functioning. To our knowledge, MELAS has been studied in single cases only. Here we examine the neuropsychological profile of juvenile siblings with MELAS.
Participants and Methods: Biological sisters aged 13 (affected) and 11 (non-affected) years, concordant for MELAS mutation but discordant for disease status. Active disease in the affected sister was triggered by HGH treatment for small stature. They were referred for neuropsychological testing to determine the nature and severity of current cognitive, emotional, and functional deficits following MELAS diagnoses. Clinical difference in cognitive performance score was defined as a difference of &gt;1 SD in standardized scores.
Results: Performance on 48 neuropsychological test measures consistent with the MELAS presentation were contrasted between the sisters. The unaffected sister performed in the average range on most measures. The affected sister performed &gt;1 standard deviation lower on 21 measures compared to the unaffected sister -- specifically on measures of motor strength, motor speed, visuomotor integration, visuospatial abilities, executive functioning, broad math, academic applications, phonological awareness, and rapid symbolic naming.
Conclusions: The results of this study reveal differences in the cognitive profiles of juvenile siblings with the MELAS mutation but different disease status (affected vs. not affected). Results are generally consistent with previous research in revealing deficits in executive functioning, visuospatial abilities, motor functioning, and language in the affected sibling.
A-147 Neuropsychologist’s Role in Bringing Voice to African Americans with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Tozser Timea B , Ergun Gokce 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: While it has been known that Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is most diagnosed in a young white population emerging literature suggests that the incidence of MS may be higher in African American populations than previously suggested in the literature (Dong et al., 2019). In addition, cultural bias in the referral and establishing appropriate diagnosis and treatment is an ongoing obstacle (Amezcua et al., 2020). This poster highlights the diagnostic discrepancies in healthcare and research for multiple sclerosis in African American populations and neuropsychologists' value in advocating for changing the narrative for MS within medical settings.
Data Selection: Literature was obtained through various databases such as Google Scholar and OhioLink. Keywords include multiple sclerosis, neuropsychology, African American, advocacy, health disparities, diagnostic discrepancies, ethnicity.
Data Synthesis: Health and mental health disparities that AA clients face influence the delay of MS diagnosis and subsequent treatment services (Amezcua et al., 2020; Stuifbergen et al., 2021). In addition, the degree of disease course is far more aggressive for African American patients; therefore, support through neuropsychological assessment to track disease course and provide recommendations is critical in advocacy work (Khan et al., 2015).
Conclusions: There should be more effort put forth in neuropsychology to increase representation within clinical research and prioritize the care who experience health care disparities, such as AA clients with MS. A neuropsychologist holds unique power that can be used to advocate and raise awareness regarding delays in diagnosis and the unique course of the disease and provide community resources for patients (Khan et al., 2015).
A-150 Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Infratentorial Stroke Undergoing Acute Stroke Rehabilitation
Authors: Waldman Rachel , Jaywant Abhishek 
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Objective: Brainstem, pontine, and cerebellar (infratentorial) stroke has been associated with motor and cranial nerve dysfunction. However, case reports and clinical observations suggest that cognitive impairment may be present. Acute inpatient stroke rehabilitation is a critical time to implement cognitive interventions; however, intervention opportunities may be missed if rehabilitation providers are unaware of cognitive dysfunction and do not assess for deficits in patients with infratentorial strokes. Our objective was to evaluate cognition in individuals with infratentorial strokes undergoing acute inpatient rehabilitation.
Method: Participants were recruited as part of an ongoing clinical trial on an acute inpatient rehabilitation unit. Participants (N=7; Median age=69 years (range 53-88); Median education=16 years (range: 6-20); 4 female) with recent onset infratentorial stroke were administered the Tablet-based Cognitive Assessment Tool on admission to the unit. Performance was evaluated via normative comparison (impairment defined as ≤1.5 SD below the normative mean) and by direct comparison to participants with supratentorial strokes (N=17) using Mann-Whitney U tests.
Results: Participants with infratentorial stroke demonstrated impairment across tasks of attention/working memory, set-shifting, and inhibition (Median age-normed z-score ranged from -2.35 to -3.86). No statistically significant differences were observed between patients with infratentorial and supratentorial strokes on any cognitive tasks (all p’s&gt;.25).
Conclusions: In acute inpatient rehabilitation, infratentorial stroke may cause impairment in attention, working memory and executive functioning similar to the impairment seen in patients with supratentorial stroke. Although follow-up analyses with larger samples are warranted, results suggest that early identification and intervention for cognitive deficits should be part of rehabilitation for patients with infratentorial strokes.