bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Children Under-Five Immunization Coverage and Acceptance among Mothers and Caregivers in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana
Authors: Djissem Patrick Elorm , Dalaba Maxwell Ayindenaba , Klu Desmond , Alhassan Robert Kaba , Immurana Mustapha , Manyeh Alfred Kwesi 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background: Immunization is a cost-effective process of improving child survival in developing countries through the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). Childhood vaccination has shown to be effective in protecting children against vaccine-preventable diseases. Even though Ghana has adopted the World Health Organisation (WHO) initiative of EPI, a considerable portion of childhood morbidity and mortality is due to vaccine-preventable diseases in certain municipalities. This study identified factors influencing immunization coverage and acceptance among children under-five years in the Hohoe municipality of Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana. A total of 416 mothers of children under-five years old were randomly selected to participate in the study. Data was collected using questionnaires and entered into EpiData. The data was transferred into STATA 15 for cleaning and analysis. We conduct a descriptive statistical analysis to characterize the data and a simple logistic regression at 95% confidence interval was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables of interest. The findings were presented in tables and charts with summary statistics.Results: A total of 70% of under-five children included in the study were fully immunized. All the basic vaccines recorded immunization coverage above 80%. While maternal age, ethnicity, educational level, and income were statistically significantly associated with under-five vaccination status, maternal age, ethnicity, educational level, employment status and income level were significant predictors of immunization acceptance among mothers and caregivers of children under-five.Conclusion: The immunization coverage of children under-five in the Hohoe municipality of Ghana is below the global recommended coverage of 80%. Maternal educational status, maternal age, ethnicity, employment status and income level were found to be significant predictors of both immunization coverage and acceptance. We recommend an immunisation health education interventions among pregnant women focusing on the significant findings from this study which may hopefully improve childhood immunisation uptake in the Hohoe Municipality of Ghana.
Association of telomere length with cognitive impairments
Authors: Diukov Yevhenii , Bachinskaya Natalia , Dzobak Andrii , Kholin Victor , Kyriachenko Yevheniia , Barsukov Oleksii , Zabuga Oksana , Krasnienkov Dmytro 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Telomere attrition is attributed to Alzheimer's disease (AD), major depressive disorder, stress levels, physical inactivity, short sleep duration, and reduced educational abilities. In this article, we tried to assess the association between the telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes and level of cognitive impairment and its dependence on age and sex.Healthy subjects and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and different AD stages were recruited in the study. All patients were assessed by the same standard diagnostic procedure, including neurological examination – Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Blood samples from 66 subjects (18 men and 48 women, mean age 71.2 ± 0.56 years) were collected for DNA extraction from peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC). Relative telomere length (RTL) was measured by monochrome multiplex polymerase chain reaction.Obtained in the study data indicate that RTL in PBMCs has a statistically significant association with MMSE score (p<0.02). Moreover, the sex-specific difference was observed for the association between telomere length and various parameters of MMSE. Also, it has been found that a decrease in RTL by one unit is associated with an increase in the odds to get AD with the odds ratio of 2.54 (95% CI, 1.25 to 5.17).The results obtained in this research are in coherence with other studies that telomere length may be a valuable biomarker of cognitive decline. However, the potential need for longitudinal studies of telomere length to estimate the influence of hereditary and environmental factors remains.
“We don’t live in a harm reduction world, we live in a prohibition world”: tensions arising in the design of high-risk drug alerts
Authors: Volpe Isabelle , Brien Rita , Grigg Jasmin , Tzanetis Stephanie , Crawford Sione , Lyons Tom , Lee Nicole , McKinnon Ginny , Hughes Caitlin , Eade Alan , Barratt Monica J. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background
Drug alerts designed for health workforces have potential to avert the acute harms associated with unpredictable illicit drug markets, by preparing workers to respond to unusual drug-related events and distribute information to service users. However, the design of such alerts is complicated by the socio-political contexts in which they operate. Here, we discuss the tensions that arose through the process of co-designing drug alert templates with healthcare workers.
Methods
We conducted four in-depth digital co-design workshops with 31 workers employed in alcohol and other drug and urgent care settings. Our approach to analysis was informed by Iterative Categorisation and reflexive thematic analysis.
Results
We identified five key tensions. First, there is a need to provide comprehensive information to meet the information needs of a diverse group of workers with varying knowledge levels, while also designing alerts to be clear, concise and relevant to the work of individuals. Second, it is important that alerts do not create ‘information overload’, however it is also important that information should be available to those who want it. Third, alert design and dissemination must be perceived to be credible, to avoid ‘alert scepticism’, however credibility is challenging to develop in a broader context of criminalisation, stigmatisation, and sensationalism. Fourth, alerts must be carefully designed to achieve ‘intended effects’ and avoid unintended effects, while acknowledging that it is impossible to control all potential effects. Finally, while alerts may be intended for an audience of healthcare workers, people who use drugs are the end-user and must be kept front of mind in the design process.
Conclusions
The co-design process revealed complexities in designing drug alerts, particularly in the context of stigmatised illicit drug use, workforce diversity, and dissemination strategies. This study has highlighted the value of developing these important risk communication tools with their target audiences to ensure that they are relevant, useful, and impactful. The findings have informed the development of our drug alert prototypes and provide local context to complement existing best-practice risk-communications literature.
Study on Thermal Insulation and Seismic Effect for Fault-crossing Tunnel in High Geothermal Area
Authors: Cui Guangyao , Shi Wenhao 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The fault-crossing tunnel in high geothermal areas can be severely damaged under strong earthquake. In this paper, numerical models were established in Flac3d to investigate the thermal insulation and seismic effects under the strong earthquake when using highly damped composite structure. The results showed that the thermal insulation effect of the plain concrete, the plain concrete highly damped composite structure and the steel fiber concrete highly damped composite structure were almost the same, which the plain concrete highly damped composite structure was slightly better. After applying the highly damped composite structure, the maximum principal stresses on the lining decreased, it showed that highly damped composite structure could enhance the seismic effect of tunnel. The safety factor of steel fiber concrete highly damped composite structure was 2.420, which was a 28.14% increase compared to plain concrete. Based on numerical simulations, the thermal insulation and seismic effect of steel fiber concrete highly damped composite structure was better than other seismic measures. The research can provide a reference for the design of thermal insulation and anti-earthquake for fault-crossing tunnel under strong earthquake in high geothermal area.
Image-driven recognition of crossing points in rebar lashing for PC component algorithm
Authors: Qiao Jinghui , Cui Jingyan 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Rebar lashing process of (precast concrete, PC) members is mostly manual operation, which increases production cost and reduces production efficiency. To solve the above problems, image-driven recognition of crossing points in rebar lashing for PC component was proposed. It consists of shadow processing based on adaptive bilateral filtering and HLS- normalized saturation value difference index, and corner detection based on second-order generalized Gaussian directional derivative filter and probabilistic Hough transform and neighborhood point search group average method. The algorithm can accurately identify the location of the intersection for the steel bars. The experimental results show that this algorithm has high recognition accuracy, fast recognition speed, good robustness, accuracy of more than 85%, and algorithm running time no more than 0.15s, which has practical application value.
Parenteral Hydrocortisone treatment in a COVID-19 patient with Respiration Distress –a case report
Authors: GC Owhonda , TI Nonju , CN Eze-Emiri , V Oris-Omini 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
A prospective case report study that showed the response of intravenously administered Hydrocortisone on a patient admitted to the Elekahia COVID-19 treatment centre, located in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The patient was a 47-year-old man of Asian descent; he presented with pneumonia-like symptoms and developed severe breathlessness. Treatment started on 6th June 2020 and ended on the 16th of June 2020. There was a marked improvement in peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) after hydrocortisone intervention; respiratory rate reduced from 40 cycles per minute to 18 cycles per minute, and the patient could complete sentences without developing breathlessness, three hours after receiving the first dose of intravenous hydrocortisone. The use of Hydrocortisone therapy could be of tremendous benefit in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, who present with severe respiratory distress. Controlled randomised clinical trials are required for the proper assessment of steroid use in COVID-19 treatment. and to assess its use as a prophylactic in the early management of severe COVID-19 cases.
LDAPrototype: A Model Selection Algorithm to Improve Reliability of Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Authors: Rieger Jonas , Jentsch Carsten , Jörg Rahnenführer 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
For understanding large text corpora, a widely used method is Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). The topic assignments from LDA usually rely on a (random) initialization such that the outcome is also to some extent random. In particular, replicated runs on the same text data lead to different results such that the LDA is not fully reproducible. This instability of the LDA approach is often neglected in practice, where text data analysis is commonly based only on a single LDA run. We propose a new method called LDAPrototype for selecting the most representative run from a set of replicated LDA runs on the same dataset. We improve the reliability of conclusions drawn from LDA results, since replications of LDAPrototype are more similar to each other than replications of single LDA runs, or even as models selected by perplexity or NPMI. For this purpose, we propose a reliability score based on a new tailored model similarity measure S-CLOP. For the quantification of topic similarities, we compare a thresholded version of the Jaccard coefficient to cosine similarity, Jensen-Shannon divergence and Rank Biased Overlap. Our results of an application to six real datasets consisting of newspaper articles or tweets show that the reproducibility of LDA results using LDAPrototype increases, and so does the reliability of empirical findings based on topic modeling. Overall, the new approach is justified in view of its application, comprehensibility, easy implementation and computational feasibility. The algorithm’s concept is generalizable to other topic modeling procedures with topics characterized by word distributions.
Effect of AfT flows on Investment-Oriented Remittances flows
Authors: GNANGNON  
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Despite the voluminous literature on the effect of Aid for Trade (AfT) flows on recipient countries' trade performance, little is known about the relationship between AfT flows and other capital flows to developing countries. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the effect of AfT inflows on investment-oriented remittances inflows, notably through the channel of trade costs. Using an unbalanced panel dataset of 106 countries over the period 2002–2019, and the two-step system generalized method of moments, the empirical analysis has established several outcomes. AfT flows exert a positive effect on investment-oriented remittances flows, with the magnitude of this positive effect being higher in Least developed countries than in other countries, and in remittance-dependent countries. AfT flows stimulate investment-oriented remittances flows in countries that face higher trade costs. Finally, total AfT flows reduce investment-oriented remittances flows in countries that experience a higher volatility of the overall trade costs, but boost investment-oriented remittances in countries that improve the quality of trade measures. The analysis shows that AfT flows could be an important leverage for stimulating investment-oriented remittances flows, and promote the development of the private sector in beneficiary countries.
Saturation-Pulse Prepared Heart-rate Independent Inversion-REcovery (SAPPHIRE) Biventricular T1 Mapping: Inter-Field Strength, Head-To-Head Comparison of Diastolic, Systolic and Dark-Blood Measurements
Authors: Alfarih Mashael , Augusto João B , Knott Kristopher D , Fatih Nasri , Kumar-M Praveen , Boubertakh Redha , Hughes Alun , Moon James , Weingärtner Sebastian , Captur Gabriella 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background To assess the feasibility of biventricular SAPPHIRE T1 mapping in vivo across field strengths using diastolic, systolic and dark-blood (DB) approaches. Methods 10 healthy volunteers underwent same-day non-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 1.5 Tesla (T) and 3T. Left and right ventricular (LV, RV) T1 mapping was performed in the basal, mid and apical short axis using 4-variants of SAPPHIRE: diastolic, systolic, 0th and 2nd order motion-sensitized DB and conventional modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI). Results LV global myocardial T1 times (1.5T then 3T results) were significantly longer by diastolic SAPPHIRE (1283±11|1600±17ms) than any of the other SAPPHIRE variants: systolic (1239±9|1595±13ms), 0th order DB (1241±10|1596±12) and 2nd order DB (1251±11|1560±20ms, all p<0.05). In the mid septum MOLLI and diastolic SAPPHIRE exhibited significant T1 signal contamination (longer T1) at the blood-myocardial interface not seen with the other 3 SAPPHIRE variants (all p<0.025). Additionally, systolic, 0th order and 2nd order DB SAPPHIRE showed narrower dispersion of myocardial T1 times across the mid septum when compared to diastolic SAPPHIRE (interquartile ranges respectively: 25ms, 71ms, 73ms vs 143ms, all p<0.05). RV T1 mapping was achievable using systolic, 0th and 2nd order DB SAPPHIRE but not with MOLLI or diastolic SAPPHIRE. All 4 SAPPHIRE variants showed excellent re-read reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficients 0.953 to 0.996). Conclusion These small-scale preliminary healthy volunteer data suggest that DB SAPPHIRE has the potential to reduce partial volume effects at the blood-myocardial interface, and that systolic SAPPHIRE could be a feasible solution for right ventricular T1 mapping. Further work is needed to understand the robustness of these sequences and their potential clinical utility.
Genome-wide association studies dissect the G×E interaction for agronomic traits in a worldwide collection of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Authors: Zhao Huanhuan , Savin Keith W. , Li Yongjun , Breen Edmond J , Maharjan Pankaj , Tibbits Josquin F. , Kant Surya , Hayden Matthew J. , Daetwyler Hans D. 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies were conducted using a globally diverse safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L. ) Genebank collection for grain yield (YP), days to flowering (DF), plant height (PH), 500 seed weight (SW), seed oil content (OL), and crude protein content (PR) in four environments (sites) that differed in water availability. Phenotypic variation was observed for all traits. YP exhibited low overall genetic correlations (r Goverall ) across sites, while SW and OL had high r Goverall and high pairwise genetic correlations (r Gij ) across all pairwise sites. Ninety-two marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified using three methods, single locus genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using a mixed linear model (MLM), the Bayesian multi-locus method (BayesR), and meta-GWAS. MTAs with large effects across all sites were detected for OL, SW, and PR, and MTAs specific for the different water stress sites was identified for all traits. Five MTAs were associated with multiple traits, 4 of 5 MTAs were variously associated with the three traits of SW, OL, and PR. This study provided insights into the phenotypic variability and genetic architecture of important safflower agronomic traits under different environments.
Consideraciones éticas y legales sobre la vacunación obligatoria contra la COVID-19 en niños durante el retorno a clases
Authors: González-Alvarez William René , Escobar-Ospino Diana Luz , Wilches-Visbal Jorge Homero 
Published: March 2022

La inmunización es una de las intervenciones sanitarias conocidas más biológicamente efectivas y socialmente rentables que ha logrado reducir drásticamente la mortalidad infantil y la prevalencia de enfermedades1. A nivel global, se reconoce el éxito en salud pública de las vacunas, por la erradicación de enfermedades como la viruela, y la considerable reducción de otras como la poliomielitis y el sarampión. A pesar de ello, la producción en tiempo récord de la vacuna contra la Covid-19 han despertado diversas inquietudes y objeciones bioéticas.
Validation of the Indonesian Version of the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Scale in Postoperative Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate Patients
Authors: Tasman Salshabia Gabrielle Raissa , Putri Farah Asnely , Maulina Tantry 
Published: March 2022

Background:
The face, leg, activity, cry, and consolability (FLACC) scale is a validated pain measurement instrument that is used on postoperative patients with limited verbal ability, including postoperative cleft lip and/or cleft palate patients.

Objective:
This research aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the FLACC scale as a measuring instrument for pain intensity experienced by postoperative cleft lip and/or cleft palate patients.

Methods:
The procedure was initiated by a back-translation process of the FLACC. Once the back-translation process is completed, a calibration process of the field researchers was conducted. Twenty-eight participants that went through a cleft lip and/or cleft palate surgery at the Unpad Dental Hospital were then enrolled. Two calibrated field researchers measured the postoperative pain intensity in three different time points, shortly after the patients regained full consciousness (T0), four hours (T1), and eight hours after the first measurement (T2). The collected data were analysed by SPSS version 23. The Spearman correlation analysis was performed to test the validity, while a Cronbach’s alpha value was calculated to test the reliability.

Results:
Based on the results of the Spearman correlation analysis, the Indonesian version of the FLACC scale was considered to be valid as the r values of each sub-scale were all higher than the r table value (r value > 0.317). Reliability was marked by the obtained Cronbach’s alpha value of 0,875.

Conclusion:
The Indonesian version of the FLACC scale was considered to be valid and reliable to be used as a pain measurement tool in postoperative cleft lip and/or cleft palate patients.
Development and Effectiveness of a Mobile Health Intervention in Improving Health Literacy and Self-management of Patients With Multimorbidity and Heart Failure: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bas-Sarmiento Pilar , Fernández-Gutiérrez Martina , Poza-Méndez Miriam , Marín-Paz Antonio Jesús , Paloma-Castro Olga , Romero-Sánchez José Manuel ,   ASyAG_PPIC Team
Published: March 2022

Background
Patients with multimorbidity and complex health needs are defined as a priority by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Union. There is a need to develop appropriate strategies with effective measures to meet the challenge of chronicity, reorienting national health systems. The increasing expansion of mobile health (mHealth) interventions in patient communication, the reduction of health inequalities, improved access to health care resources, adherence to treatment, and self-care of chronic diseases all point to an optimistic outlook. However, only few mobile apps demonstrate their effectiveness in these patients, which is diminished when they are not based on evidence, or when they are not designed by and for users with different levels of health literacy (HL).

Objective
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of an mHealth intervention relative to routine clinical practice in improving HL and self-management in patients with multimorbidity with heart failure (HF) and complex health needs.

Methods
This is a randomized, multicenter, blinded clinical trial evaluating 2 groups, namely, a control group (standard clinical practice) and an intervention group (standard clinical practice and an ad hoc designed mHealth intervention previously developed), for 12 months.

Results
The contents of the mHealth intervention will address user-perceived needs based on the development of user stories regarding diet, physical exercise, cardiac rehabilitation, therapeutic adherence, warning signs and symptoms, and emotional management. These contents have been validated by expert consensus. The creation and development of the contents of the mHealth intervention (app) took 18 months and was completed during 2021. The mobile app is expected to be developed by the end of 2022, after which it will be applied to the experimental group as an adjunct to standard clinical care during 12 months.

Conclusions
The trial will demonstrate whether the mobile app improves HL and self-management in patients with HF and complex health needs, improves therapeutic adherence, and reduces hospital admissions. This study can serve as a starting point for developing other mHealth tools in other pathologies and for their generalization to other contexts.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04725526; https://tinyurl.com/bd8va27w

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/35945