bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to 1,2‐Propanediol over Co‐Al2O3 Catalysts in Batch and Continuous Reactors
Authors: Cai Fufeng , Guo Yanjiao , Xiao Guomin 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn this work, Co‐Al2O3 catalysts were evaluated for hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2‐propanediol (1,2‐PDO) in batch and continuous reactors. Among the catalysts tested, the 30Co‐Al2O3 catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity with good stability in the continuous reactor, attributable to the high acidity and Co dispersion. Furthermore, the experimental results indicated that better catalytic performance in terms of 1,2‐PDO selectivity was attained for the reaction performed in the continuous reactor. In comparison to the batch reactor, in situ reduction of the catalyst, shorter contact time between the reactants and the catalyst, and the presence of gas‐phase operation in the continuous reactor were responsible for the high activity for glycerol hydrogenolysis.
Numerical study of the effect of CO2/H2O dilution on the laminar burning velocity of methane/air flames under elevated initial temperature and pressure
Authors: Yang Huiyong , Wang Xun , Fu Jianqin , Liu Jingping 
Published: October 2022

AbstractDiluents have an essential effect during combustion. Discovering the influence of CO2 and H2O as diluents on laminar burning velocity (LBV) is helpful for combustion control and optimization. In this study, CH4/air/CO2/H2O mixtures were investigated and validated using the FFCM‐Mech 1.0 over extensive boundary conditions. The chemical effects of the diluents CO2 and H2O were separated using a decoupling method. It was found that an increase in initial temperature promotes the chemical effects, while an increase in initial pressure does the opposite. In addition, the inhibiting effect of CO2 on LBV is stronger than that of H2O. Sensitivity, mole fraction, and rate of production (ROP) analyses were used to reveal that the sum of the chemical effects of adding CO2 and H2O separately was greater than the chemical effects of adding equal amounts of CO2 and H2O simultaneously. This paper not only investigates the effect of CO2 and H2O on the LBV under wide boundary conditions, but also offers a valuable guide for studying the operating conditions and intensity settings of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and theoretical guidance for further research on the combination of EGR and in‐cylinder water injection technology.
Bifunctional Peptide‐Assisted Synthesis of Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes for Toluidine Blue Dye Remediation in Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Jones Honora V. , Joiner Sadie K. , Ojo Ibikunle A. , Boyles Steven J. , Briggs Penland Beverly 
Published: October 2022

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known to be a suitable adsorbent of organic contaminants due to their large surface area and hollow structures; but at the nanoscale, CNTs have poor solubility and can be difficult to remove from solution. Studies have shown that the use of peptides can control the size, shape, and structure of materials during synthesis. In this research, magnetic CNTs were synthesized in a co‐precipitation reaction in the presence of the M6A−B1 peptide to correct these deficiencies in CNTs. Characterization of nanoparticles was facilitated by analytical methods including scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and more. Water remediation studies were conducted to study the effect of dye, pH, and adsorbent on the removal of Toluidine Blue O from an aqueous solution. Pseudo‐second order kinetics were used in describing the rate of adsorption while a Langmuir isotherm model was used to study the interaction between the peptide‐functionalized material and the adsorbate. The separation factor, RL, calculated for the studied dye concentrations showed that adsorption with the peptide‐functionalized material was favorable.
AnN‐Annulated, Rylene‐based Twistacene as Scaffold for Long Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Martínez Manuel A. , Greciano Elisa E. , López‐Gandul Lucía , Sánchez Luis 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe multistep synthesis of theN‐annulated rylenecarbodiimide1is reported. The large π‐surface and the operation of a fourfold array of H‐bonding interactions between the trialkoxybenzamide units yield highly stable supramolecular polymers, the stability of which has been quantified by applying the denaturation model. The operation of these non‐covalent interactions affords long 1D‐supramolecular polymers that have been visualized by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Deep learning approach for investigation of temporal radio frequency signatures of drones
Authors: Sohal Rajdeep Singh , Grewal Vinit , Singh Kuldeep , Kaur Jaipreet 
Published: October 2022

SummaryThe omnipresence of drones in the civilian air space has led to their malicious usage raising high alert security issues. In this paper, a deep learning approach to detect and identify drones and to determine their flight modes from the remotely sensed radio frequency (RF) signatures is presented. This work intends to detect the presence of drones using two‐class classification, the presence along with identification of their make using four‐class classification. And this is further extended to the determination of their flight modes using ten‐class classification. It employs the proposed architectures of prominent deep learning classifiers, namely, autoencoder (AE), long short‐term memory (LSTM), convolutional neural network (CNN), and CNN‐LSTM hybrid model. To procure the relevant information from 227 RF signatures having 100 fragments each, the seven significant temporal statistical features, namely, maxima, minima, mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, and root mean square, are extracted. In a two‐class classification scenario, all considered classifiers perform near to idle, whereas in a four‐class classification scenario, CNN performs best, followed by AE, CNN‐LSTM, and LSTM, respectively. Moreover, in a ten‐class classification scenario, AE far outperforms CNN, followed by LSTM and CNN‐LSTM, respectively. The best performance in terms of accuracy and classification time confirms the feasibility of the proposed AE classifier for the three considered drone operations.
Conjugates of lactobionic acid and IR820: New photosensitizers for efficient photodynamic therapy of hepatoma cells
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyin , Tao Yayu , Xiao Wen , Du Kunda , Hu Hang , Xu Defeng , Xu Qingbo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractNew indocyanine green (IR820) is an indocyanine green analog which has attracted increasing attention in cancer phototherapy for the prominent absorbance at near‐infrared region and improved stability. However, the lack of tumor targeting ability is still an obstacle that severely limits the application of IR820. Lactobionic acid (LA) is a ligand for the asialoglycoprotein receptors which are overexpressed on the membrane of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this work, three conjugates of LA and IR‐820, namely LA‐IR820, LA‐SS‐IR820, and LA‐DEG‐IR820, were developed for targeted photodynamic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The in vitro photodynamic effect study shows that LA‐IR820, LA‐SS‐IR820 and LA‐DEG‐IR820 exhibit similar singlet oxygen quantum yield as compared to free IR820. The cellular uptake study demonstrates that LA‐IR820, LA‐SS‐IR820, and LA‐DEG‐IR820 exhibit enhanced cellular uptake amount as compared to free IR820 due to the ligand‐receptor interactions between LA and asialoglycoprotein receptor overexpressed on the membrane of HepG2 cells. Among these three conjugates, LA‐IR820 with hydrodynamic diameter of 154.6 ± 6.1 nm exhibits the highest cellular uptake amount. The cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation study shows that LA‐IR820, LA‐SS‐IR820 and LA‐DEG‐IR820 display enhanced cellular ROS level as compared to free IR820 and LA‐IR820 exhibits the highest cellular ROS level upon 600 mW/cm2 660 nm laser irradiation. As a result, LA‐IR820, LA‐SS‐IR820 and LA‐DEG‐IR820 exhibit enhanced photocytotoxicity against HepG2 cells as compared to free IR820 and LA‐IR820 exhibits the highest photocytotoxicity. LA‐IR820, LA‐SS‐IR820, and LA‐DEG‐IR820 show significant potential for the targeted photodynamic therapy of HCC.
A case of rapidly progressing and poorly differentiated Ip‐type early‐stage colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tsubomoto Atsuko , Sashiyama Hiroshi , Koike Junichi , Morita Yohei , Tsutsumi Osamu , Hamahata Yukihiro 
Published: October 2022

AbstractA 36‐year‐old woman visited our hospital with a chief complaint of bleeding during defecation. Colonoscopy revealed a 20‐mm pedunculated polyp in the sigmoid colon, which was en bloc resected under endoscopy. The histopathological diagnosis was adenoma cancer with a depth of invasion indicating mucosal cancer, no lymphovascular invasion, and negative at the resection margin. The poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma component comprised approximately 5% of the tumor. Although there were no recurrence signs in the computed tomography scans obtained 4 months post polypectomy, the patient experienced aggressive lower back pain at 6 months post polypectomy. Local recurrence, peritoneal dissemination, and liver metastasis were confirmed. Finally, the patient died following a rapid and aggressive deterioration of her general condition. Histological examination of the local recurrence revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (por2), with immunostaining revealing a high Ki67 positivity rate of 95%. Moreover, the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma region of the resected polyp had a Ki67 positivity rate of 90%, which suggested that they were the same tumors. These findings suggested that the recurrence could have occurred through implantation.
Gastric dilatation in patients with restrictive eating disorders
Authors: Gibson Dennis , Watters Ashlie , Dee Elizabeth , Mehler Philip S. 
Published: October 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo better understand gastric dimensions in patients diagnosed with restrictive eating disorders (EDs).MethodIn this retrospective study, 56 patients, with restrictive EDs, and 60 gender/age/race‐matched patients from an outpatient clinic, were studied. Difference in stomach size, between cohorts, was ascertained, and regression analyses were used to examine associations with stomach size in the ED cohort.ResultsPatients with EDs were found to have significantly enlarged gastric dimensions when compared to the control group (M:14.8 cm [SD: 3.2] vs. 11.4 cm [SD: 2.9], p < .0001). Among the ED cohort, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), on the day of imaging, positively correlated with gastric dimensions (r = .43, p = .0009), while hypoalbuminemia negatively correlated with gastric dimensions (r = −.37, p = .005). BUN and albumin nadir were also significantly associated with stomach size (r2 = .26, F[2,53] = 9.46, p = .0003). There was no significant correlation between gastric dimensions and ED diagnosis, percent ideal body weight, gender, duration of illness, engagement in vomiting behaviors, diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery syndrome, or use of promotility agents.DiscussionFindings in this study suggest that malnutrition, secondary to EDs, may be associated with an enlarged stomach. The relationship between the gastric dimensions and reported GI symptoms in this population remain to be determined.Public significanceThere are many physiologic changes to the gastrointestinal system that develop with malnutrition but the contribution of these physiologic changes toward the reported GI symptoms and refeeding difficulties is unclear. This is the first study to suggest that patients with malnutrition, secondary to EDs, may be associated with an enlarged stomach, and this potential relationship requires further investigation.
Colloidosomes as a Protocell Model: Engineering Life‐Like Behaviour through Organic Chemistry
Authors: Park Jun Hyeong , Galanti Agostino , Ayling India , Rochat Sebastien , Workentin Mark S. , Gobbo Pierangelo 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe bottom‐up synthesis of self‐assembled micro‐compartmentalised systems that mimic basic characteristics of living cells is rapidly evolving. These types of systems are termed “protocells” and can be chemically programmed to grow and divide, to send and receive chemical signals, to transcript and translate chemical information, to adhere to surfaces or to other protocells, and to perform rudimental enzyme‐mediated metabolic processes. An emerging protocell model that is attracting great attention is the colloidosome. Colloidosomes are microcapsules with a chemically crosslinked, semipermeable membrane composed of amphiphilic nanoparticles. Colloidosomes display important advantages over other protocell models (e. g., vesicles and coacervate micro‐droplets) due to their physical‐chemical properties that can be easily tuned through the careful engineering of their synthetic building blocks. In this review, we deliver an overview of the different types of colloidosomes that have been developed thus far and discuss how organic chemistry contributes to the design and bottom‐up synthesis of novel types of colloidosomes endowed with advanced chemically programmed bio‐inspired functions.
High quantum yield of In‐based halide perovskites for white light emission and flexible x‐ray scintillators
Authors: Liang Dehai , Liu Xiaohui , Luo Binbin , Qian Qingkai , Cai Wensi , Zhao Shuangyi , Chen Jiangzhao , Zang Zhigang 
Published: October 2022

AbstractIn‐based halides always present low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) because of poor absorption, limiting their potential applications in luminescence‐related fields. In this work, zero‐dimensional MA4InCl7 [MA+: CH3NH3+] halides with different Sb3+ doping level are prepared through solvent evaporating method. The Sb3+‐doped MA4InCl7 shows a broadband yellow emission with full width at half‐maximum of 180 nm and a high PLQY of 84%. Such broadband emission originates from the self‐trapped excitons demonstrated by experimental results and theoretical calculations. Additionally, the Sb3+‐doped MA4InCl7 is further employed to fabricate white‐light‐emitting diodes, which possesses high color rendering index of 91 and excellent operating stability up to 400 h. Moreover, flexible Sb3+‐doped MA4InCl7 films are also prepared as x‐ray scintillators, exhibiting low detection limit of 63.3 nGyair/s and high spatial resolution of 10.0 lp/mm. Thus, this work provides guidance to design perovskite‐based devices with bright luminescence and x‐ray detection with excellent flexibility.image
Optimal scheduling of integrated energy systems including hydrogen electrolyzers, HFCVs, and electric vehicles
Authors: Xiaoxin Zhang , Qigong Chen , Yuan Ge 
Published: October 2022

AbstractHydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) are promising environmentally friendly technologies that are increasingly supported by governments around the world. In the integrated energy system (IES) of this paper, by adding the method of electrolysis to hydrogen production, the electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, which cannot only absorb the new energy with fluctuating output but also meet the use of more and more HFCVs. Aiming at the newly introduced hydrogen energy conversion and consumption pathways, this paper uses a statistical analogy to model HFVCs, taking into account the energy conversion efficiency and the needs of vehicle owners. Using the GUROBI solver in the YALMIP toolbox, the IES optimization problem is formed into a MILP problem and solved, and the corresponding co‐optimization scheduling method is given. Based on meeting the needs of HFCVs and electric vehicle (EV) owners, the system can schedule the number and timing of charging and discharging of EVs and the power of hydrogen production from electrolyzers on the time scale, and finally smooth the total power curve. Simulation results show that the proposed collaborative optimal energy scheduling method can meet the current demand for new energy in the system and improve the economy of the IES.
Hosts, microbiomes, and the evolution of critical windows
Authors: Metcalf C. Jessica E. , Tepekule Burcu , Bruijning Marjolein , Koskella Britt 
Published: October 2022

AbstractThe absence of microbial exposure early in life leaves individuals vulnerable to immune overreaction later in life, manifesting as immunopathology, autoimmunity, or allergies. A key factor is thought to be a “critical window” during which the host's immune system can “learn” tolerance, and beyond which learning is no longer possible. Animal models indicate that many mechanisms have evolved to enable critical windows, and that their time limits are distinct and consistent. Such a variety of mechanisms, and precision in their manifestation suggest the outcome of strong evolutionary selection. To strengthen our understanding of critical windows, we explore their underlying evolutionary ecology using models encompassing demographic and epidemiological transitions, identifying the length of the critical window that would maximize fitness in different environments. We characterize how direct effects of microbes on host mortality, but also indirect effects via microbial ecology, will drive the optimal length of the critical window. We find that indirect effects such as magnitude of transmission, duration of infection, rates of reinfection, vertical transmission, host demography, and seasonality in transmission all have the effect of redistributing the timing and/or likelihood of encounters with microbial taxa across age, and thus increasing or decreasing the optimal length of the critical window. Declining microbial population abundance and diversity are predicted to result in increases in immune dysfunction later in life. We also make predictions for the length of the critical window across different taxa and environments. Overall, our modeling efforts demonstrate how critical windows will be impacted over evolution as a function of both host-microbiome/pathogen interactions and dispersal, raising central questions about potential mismatches between these evolved systems and the current loss of microbial diversity and/or increases in infectious disease.
CD4+ T effector memory cell responses in Chlamydia pneumoniae‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in nonasthmatic subjects
Authors: Smith‐Norowitz Tamar A. , Shidid Sarah , Norowitz Yitzchok M. , Kohlhoff Stephan 
Published: October 2022

AbstractChlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) is a gram‐negative intracellular bacterium that causes respiratory infection in humans, including subjects with or without asthma. C. pneumoniae activates cells (e.g., monocytes/macrophages) in vitro, and produces cytokines that may contribute to inflammatory responses observed in asthma. Immunological differences exist between subjects with or without asthma, with regard to host responses to C. pneumoniae. The heterogeneity and subsequent diverse pathophysiology of asthma can be better understood by analyzing the repertoire of T‐cell subpopulations; the most common distinction between different asthma endotypes includes cytokines produced by CD4+ cells (T helper (Th)2 high vs. Th2 low).
Ethnographic sibling research and language learning during the pandemic: Multimodal engagement in literacy and learning over Zoom
Authors: Alghoraibi Ala Saleh , Alghoribi Mohammed Saleh 
Published: October 2022

AbstractEngaging in ethnographic sibling research, my brother and I intended to contribute to the knowledge of a multilingual learner's literacy practices via Zoom. We discuss agency and negotiated interaction between the ethnographer and sibling‐participant. We examine data from field notes, interviews, and participant artifacts using a social semiotic multimodal framework to understand how an English as an Additional Language (EAL) Learner made meaning of L2 undergraduate content. We argue that the accessibility of semiotic and multimodal resources to the L2 learner can influence engagement with the L2 content. The study suggests sibling research provides a unique lens for uncovering learning practices that often remain hidden. My brother demonstrated active participation in learning by capturing and revisiting critical information and decoding texts with the support of his home language.
Sexing Bones: Improving Transparency of Sex Reporting to Address Bias Within Preclinical Studies
Authors: Sharma Aikta , Michels Lysanne V , Pitsillides Andrew A , Greeves Julie , Plotkin Lillian I , Cardo Valentina , Sims Natalie A , Clarkin Claire E 
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT
Despite knowledge that sexually dimorphic mechanisms regulate bone homeostasis, sex often remains unreported and unconsidered in preclinical experimental design. Failure to report sex could lead to inappropriate generalizations of research findings and less effective translation into clinical practice. Preclinical sex bias (preferential selection of one sex) is present across other fields, including neuroscience and immunology, but remains uninvestigated in skeletal research. For context, we first summarized key literature describing sexually dimorphic bone phenotypes in mice. We then investigated sex reporting practices in skeletal research, specifically how customary it is for murine sex to be included in journal article titles or abstracts and then determined whether any bias in sex reporting exists. Because sex hormones are important regulators of bone health (gonadectomy procedures, ie, ovariectomy [OVX] and orchidectomy [ORX], are common yet typically not reported with sex), we incorporated reporting of OVX and ORX terms, representing female and male mice, respectively, into our investigations around sex bias. Between 1999 and 2020, inclusion of sex in titles or abstracts was low in murine skeletal studies (2.6%–4.06%). Reporting of OVX and ORX terms was low (1.44%–2.64%) and reporting of OVX and ORX with sex uncommon (0.4%–0.3%). When studies were combined to include both sexes and OVX (representing female) and ORX terms (representing male), a bias toward reporting of female mice was evident. However, when the terms OVX and ORX were removed, a bias toward the use of male mice was identified. Thus, studies focusing on sex hormones are biased toward female reporting with all other studies biased in reporting of male mice. We now call upon journal editors to introduce consistent guidance for transparent and accessible reporting of murine sex in skeletal research to better monitor preclinical sex bias, to diversify development of treatments for bone health, and to enable global skeletal health equity. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).