bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new index for quantifying the ornamentational complexity of animals with shells
Authors: Miao Luyi , Dai Xu , Song Hanchen , Backes André Ricardo , Song Haijun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMorphological complexity reflects the biological structure of an organism and is closely linked to its associated functions and phylogenetics. In animals with shells, ornamentation is an important characteristic of morphological complexity, and it has various functions. However, because of the variations in type, shape, density, and strength of ornamentation, a universal quantitative measure of morphological complexity for shelled animals is lacking. We propose an ornamentation index (OI) derived from 3D scanning technology and a virtual model for quantifying ornamentation complexity. This index is designed to measure the extent of folding associated with ornamentation, regardless of shape and size. Ornamentation indices were measured for 15 ammonite specimens from the Permian to Cretaceous, 2 modern bivalves, 2 gastropods from the Pliocene to the present, and a modern echinoid. Compared with other measurements, such as the fractal dimension, rugosity, and surface‐volume ratio, the OI displayed superiority in quantifying ornamentational complexity. The present study demonstrates that the OI is suitable for accurately characterizing and quantifying ornamentation complexity, regardless of shape and size. Therefore, the OI is potentially useful for comparing the ornamentational complexity of various organisms and can be exploited to provide further insight into the evolution of conchs. Ultimately, the OI can enhance our understanding of morphological evolution of shelled organisms, for example, whether shell ornaments simplify under ocean acidification or extinction, and how predation pressure is reflected in ornamentation complexity.
Titanium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroaminoalkylation of Allenes and Methylenecyclopropanes
Authors: Kaper Tobias , Elma Aylişa , Thye Hermann , Knupe‐Wolfgang Paula , Zimmering René , Schmidtmann Marc , Doye Sven 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntermolecular hydroaminoalkylation reactions of 1,1‐ and 1,3‐disubstituted allenes as well as methylenecyclopropanes with secondary amines can be achieved in the presence of a 2,6‐bis(phenylamino)pyridinato titanium catalyst at 140 °C within 2–8 h. Corresponding reactions of allenes with N‐benzylanilines deliver branched allylamine products in very good yields (up to 83 %) and with branched‐linear‐ratios between 75 : 25 and 95 : 5. In contrast, bicyclic methylenecyclopropanes undergo hydroaminoalkylation with N‐benzylanilines or N‐alkylbenzylamines to give linear products in good to excellent yields (up to 98 %) with perfect regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. The corresponding 1,2,3‐trisubstituted (2‐aminoethyl)cyclopropane products exhibit a structurally interesting cis‐orientation of all three cyclopropane hydrogen atoms.
Policy styles and pandemic management: The case of Turkey
Authors: Oztig Lacin Idil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractUsing the concept of a policy style developed by Howlett and Tosun, this article explores the linkages between Turkey's policy style and its pandemic management. Turkey took both preemptive and restrictive measures with respect to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Before the virus hit the country, flights to and from various countries including China were suspended, the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) was established, and a COVID‐19 disease guide was prepared. After the virus entered the country, immediate restrictive measures, such as national lockdowns and international and intercity travel restrictions were put in place. Turkey adopted a centralized response to the pandemic with the President, the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Health, and the SAB acting as central players. From the perspective of policy style, this article shows how Turkey's general characteristics of policy‐making processes have been reflected in its pandemic management policies.
Preclinical findings reveal the pharmacological targets of ferulic acid in the treatment of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Dong Qinghua , Yang Shenglin , Liao Huafeng , He Qi , Xiao Junxin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by cellular damage and inflammation in lesioned brain tissue. Ferulic acid has been shown to have a melioration effect on neurological functions. However, the active pharmacological effects and the underlying mechanisms of ferulic acid against TBI remain unclear. On the basis of network pharmacology and molecular docking methodology, this study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of ferulic acid in treating TBI, and characterized the detailed biotargets and mechanisms of these actions. The identified core targets were validated via in silico simulation. We identified 91 overlapping targets associated with ferulic acid and TBI. In‐silico simulation analysis validated the putative core targets of tumor protein p53, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1, and estrogen receptor 1. The Gene Ontology‐enriched annotations and findings were largely associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation in nerve cells. Additional Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis unmasked the pharmacological pathways of ferulic acid in treating TBI, including the MAPK signaling pathway and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 signaling pathway. Bioinformatic analyses and findings provide a new preclinical strategy for revealing the core targets and network pathways of ferulic acid in treating TBI. Moreover, some bioinformatic findings were computationally validated in silico for exhibiting the neuroprotective action of ferulic acid against TBI.
Reusable and Antibacterial Polymer‐Based Nanocomposites for the Adsorption of Dyes and the Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Antibiotics
Authors: Wang Jiao , Sgarzi Massimo , Němečková Zuzana , Henych Jiří , Licciardello Nadia , Cuniberti Gianaurelio 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAdsorption and advanced oxidation processes, especially photocatalysis, are amongst the most common water treatment methodologies. Unfortunately, using each of these techniques independently does not fully eliminate the pollutants of diverse nature, which are present in wastewater. Here, an avenue for multifunctional materials for water treatment is opened by reporting for the first time the preparation, characterization, and study of the properties of a novel multifunctional nanocomposite with both adsorption and visible‐light‐driven photocatalysis abilities. These multifunctional nanocomposites, namely iron (II, III) oxide/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid)/silver‐titanium dioxide (Fe3O4/P(NIPAM‐co‐MAA)/Ag‐TiO2), are prepared by combining magnetic polymeric microspheres (Fe3O4/P(NIPAM‐co‐MAA)) with silver‐decorated titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Ag‐TiO2 NPs). Cationic dyes, such as basic fuchsin (BF), can be adsorbed by the nanocomposites thanks to the carboxylic groups of Fe3O4/P(NIPAM‐co‐MAA) microspheres. Concomitantly, the presence of Ag‐TiO2 NPs endows the system with the visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic degradation ability toward antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NFX). Furthermore, the proposed nanocomposites show antibacterial activity toward Escherichia coli (E. coli), thanks to the presence of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Due to the superparamagnetic properties of iron (II, III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs), the nanocomposites can be also recycled and reused, after the cleaning process, by using an external magnetic field.
Untersuchungen zur Zellenkonstruktion und Auswertung von monotonen Einfachscherversuchen mit Sand
Authors: Le Viet Hung , Glasenapp Ralf , Rackwitz Frank 
Published: August 2022

AbstractDer Einfachscherversuch ist ein anspruchsvoller Laborversuch, der bereits in vielen Studien für die Untersuchung von statischem und zyklischem Bodenverhalten eingesetzt wurde. Trotz der vielfältigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten wird der Einfachscherversuch nicht verbreitet angewendet und es existieren weder eine Euronorm noch eine deutsche Norm für diese Art von Versuch. In diesem Beitrag werden die Anforderungen an ein Einfachschergerät definiert und die theoretischen Grundlagen zur Ermittlung des Spannungszustands dargestellt. Dazu werden die verschiedenen Gerätetypen für Einfachscherversuche vorgestellt und diskutiert. Um den Einfluss der Testrandbedingungen besser einschätzen zu können, werden monotone Versuche mit Sand an einem eigenen Gerät mit verschiedenen Zellenkonstruktionen durchgeführt. Für die Untersuchung der Probenverformung wird die PIV‐Methode eingesetzt. Anhand der Versuchsergebnisse werden die verschiedenen Randbedingungen und deren Einflüsse aufgezeigt und diskutiert sowie Hinweise für die Anwendung und Interpretation von Einfachscherversuchen gegeben.
Sympatric Speciation in Mole Rats and Wild Barley and Their Genome Repeatome Evolution: A Commentary
Authors: Nevo Eviatar , Li Kexin 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe theories of sympatric speciation (SS) and coding and noncoding (cd and ncd =repeatome) genome function are still contentious. Studies on SS in our two new models, “Evolution Canyon” and “Evolution Plateau”, in Israel, divergent microclimatically and geologically‐edaphically, respectively, indicated that in ecologically divergent microsites SS is a common speciation model across life from bacteria to mammals. Genomically, the intergenic ncd repeatome was and is still regarded by many biologists as “selfish,” “junk,” and non‐functional. In contrast, it is considered by the encyclopedia of DNA elements discovery as biochemically functional and regulatory, and the transposable elements were considered earlier by Barbara McClintock as “controlling elements” of genes. Remarkably, it is found that repeated elements can statistically identify significantly, the five species of subterranean mole rats of Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies adapted to increasingly arid climatic trend southward in Israel. Moreover, it is first discovered in the SS studies in two distant taxa, subterranean mole rats and wild barley, and later also in spiny mice in Israel and subterranean zokors in China, that the noncoding repeatome is genomically mirroring the image of the protein‐coding genome in divergent ecologies. It is shown that this mirroring image is statistically significant both within and between the ecologically divergent taxa supporting the hypothesis that much of the repeatome might be regulatory and selected as the protein‐coding genome by the same ecological stresses.
Pharmacist care in Federally Qualified Health Centers: A narrative review
Authors: Rodis Jennifer L. , Irwin Adriane N. , Valentino Alexa S. , Erdmann Ashley M. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractFederally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) are critical to providing care to underserved populations in the United States. Their focus on interprofessional care has also made FQHCs ideal locations to integrate pharmacists into care teams and advance pharmacy practice. However, despite long‐standing involvement by pharmacists, there have been limited attempts to synthesize this literature. We conducted a comprehensive search for published literature on the roles of pharmacists in FQHCs and narrowed our search to 54 manuscripts and abstracts for inclusion in this narrative review. We found that pharmacists in FQHCs are providing care that is interprofessional, multifaceted, and evolving rapidly in response to environmental changes. Pharmacists are routinely involved in the traditional management of chronic disease, such as diabetes, hypertension, behavioral health, and respiratory conditions. In addition, pharmacists have forged roles in preventive care, infectious disease, and pain management. Models include appointment‐based approaches; however, there was also heterogeneity in approaches consistent with the dynamic nature of the healthcare system in the United States with engagement in population health, transitions of care, and telehealth, as a few examples. Collaborative practice agreements were used to deliver care in some cases, although this was not commonplace, and reimbursement by third party payers was rarely addressed. Relationships with community pharmacies, often driven by the 340B Drug Pricing Program, were also noted. Recommendations for future research in this area include increasing the rigor of future research by standardizing pharmacy interventions and including comparator groups, a greater focus on financial sustainability, and further exploration of how state laws surrounding pharmacist provider status and scope of practice impact pharmacy service development.
The predictive validity of the family risk survey and child risk survey for identifying persistent firesetting risk
Authors: Dadswell Kara , Sambol Stjepan , Bruck Dorothy , Ball Michelle 
Published: August 2022

AbstractYoung firesetter behavior poses significant risks to individuals and communities. Intervention is important to mitigate youth firesetting, and treatment needs vary depending on underlying motives. Effective screening of persistent firesetter risk to inform intervention approach is critical to ensure appropriate matching of risk and needs. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the child risk survey (CRS) and family risk survey (FRS) for predicting persistent firesetting risk, and subsequent triaging of cases toward the appropriate treatment. A total of 61 families engaged with the Firelighting Consequences Awareness Program, Melbourne, Australia, completed the CRS and FRS preintervention, and reported their firesetting behavior 1‐year postintervention. The CRS was not effective for correctly predicting persistent and nonpersistent firesetters. The FRS was successful at predicting persistent firesetters 85% of the time, but had a high rate of false positives, overclassifying nonpersistent firesetters as high risk. Finally, the actual rate of firesetters that would be deemed suitable for each of the three recommended interventions based on the CRS and FRS scoring protocols was substantially different to the expected rates described in the accompanying manual. Implications for service provision are discussed.
Association of vision impairment with suicide ideation, plans, and attempts among adults in the United States
Authors: Lee Othelia E.‐K. , Park Daejun , Park Junghyun 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the relative strength of association between vision impairment (VI) and suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts among adults in the United States.MethodThe study sample consisted of 214,505 adults, aged 18 years and older. Researchers used data from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, in which respondents were asked whether they had any suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts, in the past 12 months.ResultsApproximately, 4.4% of respondents reported experiencing VI, being blind, or having serious difficulty seeing. Compared to their sighted peers, a relatively high proportion of adults with VI had serious thoughts about suicide (9.0%), suicidal plans (3.0%), or suicidal attempts (1.6%) in the past year. The findings showed that individuals with VI may disproportionately experience suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts, after controlling potentially confounding variables (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.36; AOR = 1.27; AOR = 1.40, respectively).ConclusionWith findings demonstrating such a strong association between VI and suicide, this study suggests the importance of screening for suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts among adults with VI, and the strong need for developing behavioral health services which keep this correlation in mind.
Expanding the reach of psychosocial services for youth: Untapped potential of mentor‐delivered single session interventions
Authors: Hart Mackenzie J. , Sung Jenna Y. , McQuillin Samuel D. , Schleider Jessica L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAt present, the mental healthcare system cannot meet the demand for services, and the need‐to‐access gap is widest among children and adolescents. Single session interventions (SSIs) are brief, intentional, and mechanism‐targeted programs that have shown promise in increasing the reach of effective, evidence‐based services; yet, a wide gap still remains due to structural barriers (e.g., lack of awareness, workforce shortages). The present paper posits the integration of SSIs and mentor‐delivered programs as a promising future step to further overcome the inaccessibility of youth mental health services. Capitalizing on the advantages of mentoring relationships (e.g., the associated interpersonal benefits and mentors' pre‐existence in most community settings) has the potential to complement and enhance the value of SSIs, and to expand the acceptability and reach of evidence‐based mental health services. In this paper, we discuss the anticipated benefits of mentor‐delivered SSIs, as well as cautionary considerations related to the proposed model. To conclude, we highlight the necessary implementation and research implications.
Nicotine exposure through breastfeeding affects brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and synaptic proteins levels in the brain of stressed adult female mice
Authors: Pereira Júnior Antonio Alves , de Amorim Gabriel Estevam Santos , Garcia Raphael Caio Tamborelli , Ribeiro Jéssyca Milene , Silva Alessandra Oliveira , Almeida Carolina Aparecida de Faria , Ceron Carla Speroni , Ruginsk Silvia Graciela , Antunes‐Rodrigues José , Elias Lucila Leico Kagohara , Dias Marcos Vinícios Salles , Marcourakis Tania , Torres Larissa Helena 
Published: August 2022

AbstractNicotine has been used during pregnancy and lactation as a tobacco harm reduction strategy. However, it is unclear whether nicotine exposure during a critical development period negatively impacts stress responses in adulthood. This study investigated how nicotine, administered via breastfeeding, affects the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synaptic proteins levels, and anxiety‐like behavior in adult female mice subjected to stress. Female Swiss mice were exposed to saline or nicotine (8 mg/kg/day) through breastfeeding between their fourth and 17th postnatal days (P) via implanted osmotic mini pumps. The unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) protocol was performed during their adulthood (P65) for 10 consecutive days, followed by the elevated plus maze (EPM) test 1 day after the protocol. Animals were euthanized and their blood, collected for plasma corticosterone measurements and their brain structures, dissected for BDNF and synaptic proteins analyses. We found no significant differences in corticosterone levels between groups (Saline/Non‐stress, Nicotine/Non‐stress, Saline/Stress, and Nicotine/Stress). The UCMS protocol hindered weight gain. Mice exposed to nicotine through breastfeeding with or without the UCMS protocol in adulthood showed higher grooming and head dipping frequency; decreased BDNF levels in cerebellum and striatum; increased postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD‐95), synapsin I, and synaptophysin levels in cerebellum; and decreased PSD‐95 and synapsin I levels in brainstem. Our results indicate that nicotine exposure through breastfeeding leads to long‐lasting behavioral effects and synaptic protein changes, most of which were independent of the UCMS protocol, even after a long nicotine‐free period, highlighting the importance of further studies on nicotine exposure during development.
Availability and experiences of differentiated antiretroviral therapy delivery at HIV care facilities in rural Zimbabwe: a mixed‐method study
Authors: Christ Benedikt , van Dijk Janneke H. , Nyandoro Talent Y. , Reichmuth Martina L. , Kunzekwenyika Cordelia , Chammartin Frédérique , Egger Matthias , Wringe Alison , Ballif Marie ,   for the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS in Southern Africa (IeDEA‐SA)
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionZimbabwe adopted differentiated HIV care policies in 2015 to promote client‐centred care and relieve strain on health facilities. We examined the availability, experiences and perceptions of differentiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery in rural Zimbabwe following the policy adoption.MethodsWe undertook a cross‐sectional mixed methods study in all the 26 facilities providing HIV care in a rural district in Zimbabwe. We collected quantitative data about ART delivery and visit durations from 31 healthcare providers and a purposive stratified sample of 378 clients obtaining ART either through routine care or differentiated ART delivery models. We performed 26 semi‐structured interviews among healthcare providers and seven focus group discussions (FGDs) among clients to elicit their perceptions and experiences of ART delivery. Data were collected in 2019, with one follow‐up FGD in 2021. We analysed the transcripts thematically, with inductive coding, to identify emerging themes.ResultsTwenty facilities (77%) offered at least one differentiated ART delivery models, including community ART refill groups (CARGs; 13 facilities, 50%), fast‐track refill (8, 31%), family refill (6, 23%) or club refill (1, 4%). Thirteen facilities (50%) offered only one model. The median visit duration was 28 minutes (interquartile range [IQR]: 16–62). Participants in fast‐track had the shortest visit durations (18 minutes, IQR: 11–24). Confidentiality and disclosure of HIV status, travelling long distances, travel costs and waiting times were the main issues influencing clients’ views on differentiated ART delivery. Fast‐track refill was perceived as the preferred model of clients for its limited involuntary disclosure and efficiency. In contrast, group‐ and community‐based refill models reduced travel costs but were felt to be associated with involuntary disclosure of HIV status, which could discourage clients. Healthcare providers also experienced an additional workload when offering facility‐based group models, such as CARGs.ConclusionsDifferentiated ART delivery models were widely available in this rural setting, but most facilities did not offer a choice of models to address clients’ diverse preferences. A minority offered fast‐track refills, although this model was often mentioned as desirable. Confidentiality, travel expenses and client waiting times are key elements to consider when planning and rolling out differentiated HIV care.
Analytical modeling of dielectric modulated negative capacitance MoS2 field effect transistor for next‐generation label‐free biosensor
Authors: Panda Deepak Kumar , Lenka Trupti Ranjan , Singh Rajan , Goyal Vishal , Boukortt Nour El Islam , Nguyen Hieu Pham Trung 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a dielectric modulated negative capacitance (NC) MoS2 FET‐based biosensor is proposed for label‐free detection of biomolecules such as enzymes, proteins, DNA, and so forth. Various reports present on experimental demonstration and modeling of NC MoS2 FET but it is never utilized as a dielectric modulated biosensor. So, in this work, the modeling, characterization and sensitivity analysis of dielectric modulated NC MoS2 FET is focused. For immobilization of biomolecules, a nanocavity is formed below the gate by etching some portion of the gate oxide material. The immobilization of biomolecules in the cavity leads to a variation of different electrostatic properties such as surface potential, threshold voltage, drain current, and subthreshold swing which can be utilized as sensing parameters. An analytical model for the proposed biosensor is also developed in the subthreshold region by considering the properties of two‐dimensional ferroelectric materials and benchmarked with TCAD device simulations. The effect of change of gate length and doping concentration on different electrical properties is also analyzed to estimate the optimum value of channel doping. The results prove that the proposed device can be used for next‐generation low power label‐free biosensor which shows enhanced sensitivity as compared to traditional FET‐based biosensors.