bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of reactive oxygen species and involvement of bioprotectants during anhydrobiosis in the tardigrade Paramacrobiotus spatialis
Authors: Giovannini Ilaria , Boothby Thomas C. , Cesari Michele , Goldstein Bob , Guidetti Roberto , Rebecchi Lorena 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWater unavailability is an abiotic stress causing unfavourable conditions for life. Nevertheless, some animals evolved anhydrobiosis, a strategy allowing for the reversible organism dehydration and suspension of metabolism as a direct response to habitat desiccation. Anhydrobiotic animals undergo biochemical changes synthesizing bioprotectants to help combat desiccation stresses. One stress is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, the eutardigrade Paramacrobiotus spatialis was used to investigate the occurrence of ROS associated with the desiccation process. We observed that the production of ROS significantly increases as a function of time spent in anhydrobiosis and represents a direct demonstration of oxidative stress in tardigrades. The degree of involvement of bioprotectants, including those combating ROS, in the P. spatialis was evaluated by perturbing their gene functions using RNA interference and assessing the successful recovery of animals after desiccation/rehydration. Targeting the glutathione peroxidase gene compromised survival during drying and rehydration, providing evidence for the role of the gene in desiccation tolerance. Targeting genes encoding glutathione reductase and catalase indicated that these molecules play roles during rehydration. Our study also confirms the involvement of aquaporins 3 and 10 during rehydration. Therefore, desiccation tolerance depends on the synergistic action of many different molecules working together.
Insights from density functional theory calculations on heteroatom P-doped ZnIn2S4 bilayer nanosheets with atomic-level charge steering for photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Chong Wei-Kean , Ng Boon-Junn , Er Chen-Chen , Tan Lling-Lling , Chai Siang-Piao 
Published: February 2022

AbstractZnIn2S4 (ZIS) is an efficient photocatalyst for solar hydrogen (H2) generation from water splitting owing to its suitable band gap, excellent photocatalytic behaviour and high stability. Nevertheless, modifications are still necessary to further enhance the photocatalytic performance of ZIS for practical applications. This has led to our interest in exploring phosphorus doping on ZIS for photocatalytic water splitting, which has not been studied till date. Herein, phosphorus-doped ZnIn2S4 (P-ZIS) was modelled via Density Functional Theory to investigate the effects of doping phosphorus on the structural and electronics properties of ZIS as well as its performance toward photocatalytic water splitting. This work revealed that the replacement of S3 atom by substitutional phosphorus gave rise to the most stable P-ZIS structure. In addition, P-ZIS was observed to experience a reduction in band gap energy, an upshift of valence band maximum (VBM), an increase in electron density near VBM and a reduction of H* adsorption–desorption barrier, all of which are essential for the enhancement of the hydrogen evolution reaction. In overall, detailed theoretical analysis carried out in this work could provide critical insights towards the development of P-ZIS-based photocatalysts for efficient H2 generation via solar water splitting.
Biological and economic responses to increasing nitrogen rates in Mombaça guinea grass pastures
Authors: Euclides Valéria Pacheco Batista , Montagner Denise Baptaglin , de Araújo Alexandre Romeiro , de Aragão Pereira Mariana , dos Santos Difante Gelson , de Araújo Itânia Maria Medeiros , Barbosa Leandro Francisco , Barbosa Rodrigo Amorim , Gurgel Antonio Leandro Chaves 
Published: February 2022

AbstractNitrogen fertilization has been recognized as an essential tool towards the establishment of sustainable intensification of pasture-based livestock systems using tropical perennial grasses if, for a given ecosystem it is capable of increasing forage growth, stocking rates and animal performance. This study assessed pasture growth traits, nutritive value, animal and economic responses of Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça guinea grass pastures subjected to different levels of N fertilization (100 (N100), 200 (N200), and 300 (N300) kg N ha−1 yr−1). Pastures were managed under rotational stocking to maintain similar pre (80–90 cm) and post-grazing (45 cm) canopy heights. A partial budget and a Benefit–Cost Analysis were used to assess the economic returns on increasing N fertilization. N300 resulted in greater post-grazing herbage mass. A slightly higher neutral fiber and acid lignin detergent was observed at N100 (P < 0.05); crude protein increased linearly, and in vitro digestible organic matter reached maximum value at 265.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Annual averages of animal weight gain were 515, 590 and 660 g d−1, respectively, for N100, N200 and N300. There was a decrease from 3.7 to 1.9 kg of body weight gain per kg of additional N applied when increasing N rates from 100 to 200 and from 100 to 300 kg ha−1. The net profit improved with increasing N levels, but at reducing rates, reaching its maximum at the N300 level. The change from 100 to 200 kg N ha−1 presented the best return, with USD 3.73 for each additional dollar invested, while the change from 200 kg N ha−1 to 300 kg N ha−1 was economically less than optimal, recouping only USD 1.60 for each dollar. The N300 rate presented the highest net profit per hectare (accounting profit), even in a pessimist scenario (25% reduction in production). Despite being profitable, the N300 rate was less than optimal from an economic standpoint, since an additional 100 kg of Nitrogen ha−1 to change from N200 to N300 level reduced both the net returns and the Benefit–Cost ratio. Our results suggest that the economically optimal level of N fertilization for Mombaça guinea grass pasture should be between 200 and 300 kg ha−1.
A hierarchical study for urban statistical indicators on the prevalence of COVID-19 in Chinese city clusters based on multiple linear regression (MLR) and polynomial best subset regression (PBSR) analysis
Authors: Cheshmehzangi Ali , Li Yujian , Li Haoran , Zhang Shuyue , Huang Xiangliang , Chen Xu , Su Zhaohui , Sedrez Maycon , Dawodu Ayotunde 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWith evidence-based measures, COVID-19 can be effectively controlled by advanced data analysis and prediction. However, while valuable insights are available, there is a shortage of robust and rigorous research on what factors shape COVID-19 transmissions at the city cluster level. Therefore, to bridge the research gap, we adopted a data-driven hierarchical modeling approach to identify the most influential factors in shaping COVID-19 transmissions across different Chinese cities and clusters. The data used in this study are from Chinese officials, and hierarchical modeling conclusions drawn from the analysis are systematic, multifaceted, and comprehensive. To further improve research rigor, the study utilizes SPSS, Python and RStudio to conduct multiple linear regression and polynomial best subset regression (PBSR) analysis for the hierarchical modeling. The regression model utilizes the magnitude of various relative factors in nine Chinese city clusters, including 45 cities at a different level of clusters, to examine these aspects from the city cluster scale, exploring the correlation between various factors of the cities. These initial 12 factors are comprised of ‘Urban population ratio’, ‘Retail sales of consumer goods’, ‘Number of tourists’, ‘Tourism Income’, ‘Ratio of the elderly population (> 60 year old) in this city’, ‘population density’, ‘Mobility scale (move in/inbound) during the spring festival’, ‘Ratio of Population and Health facilities’, ‘Jobless rate (%)’, ‘The straight-line distance from original epicenter Wuhan to this city’, ‘urban per capita GDP’, and ‘the prevalence of the COVID-19’. The study’s results provide rigorously-tested and evidence-based insights on most instrumental factors that shape COVID-19 transmissions across cities and regions in China. Overall, the study findings found that per capita GDP and population mobility rates were the most affected factors in the prevalence of COVID-19 in a city, which could inform health experts and government officials to design and develop evidence-based and effective public health policies that could curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Performance of bioelectrical impedance analysis compared to dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in Veterans with COPD
Authors: Cruz Rivera Paola N. , Goldstein Rebekah L. , Polak Madeline , Lazzari Antonio A. , Moy Marilyn L. , Wan Emily S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractWe examined the performance of a commercially-available handheld bioimpedance (BIA) device relative to dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess body composition differences among Veterans with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Body composition was measured using DXA and BIA (Omron HBF-306C) at a single time point. Correlations between BIA- and DXA-assessed percent fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass were analyzed using Spearman (ρ) and Lin Concordance Correlation Coefficients (ρc). Mean differences in fat mass were visualized using Bland–Altman plots. Subgroup analyses by obesity status (BMI < 30 versus ≥ 30) were performed. Among 50 participants (96% male; mean age: 69.5 ± 6.0 years), BIA-assessed fat mass was strongly correlated (ρ = 0.94) and demonstrate excellent concordance (ρc = 0.95, [95%CI: 0.93–0.98]) with DXA, with a mean difference of 2.7 ± 3.2 kg between BIA and DXA. Although Spearman correlations between BIA- and DXA-assessed percent fat and fat-free mass were strong (ρ = 0.8 and 0.91, respectively), concordance values were only moderate (ρc = 0.67 and 0.74, respectively). Significantly stronger correlations were observed for obese relative to non-obese subjects for total percent fat (ρobese = 0.85 versus ρnon-obese = 0.5) and fat mass (ρobese = 0.96 versus ρnon-obese = 0.84). A handheld BIA device demonstrated high concordance with DXA for fat mass and moderate concordance for total percent fat and fat-free mass.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02099799.
Antivirus applied to JAR malware detection based on runtime behaviors
Authors: Pinheiro Ricardo P. , Lima Sidney M. L. , Souza Danilo M. , Silva Sthéfano H. M. T. , Lopes Petrônio G. , de Lima Rafael D. T. , de Oliveira Jemerson R. , Monteiro Thyago de A. , Fernandes Sérgio M. M. , Albuquerque Edison de Q. , Silva Washington W. A. da , Santos Wellington P. dos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractJava vulnerabilities correspond to 91% of all exploits observed on the worldwide web. The present work aims to create antivirus software with machine learning and artificial intelligence and master in Java malware detection. Within the proposed methodology, the suspected JAR sample is executed to intentionally infect the Windows OS monitored in a controlled environment. In all, our antivirus monitors and considers, statistically, 6824 actions that the suspected JAR file can perform when executed. Our antivirus achieved an average performance of 91.58% in the distinction between benign and malware JAR files. Different initial conditions, learning functions and architectures of our antivirus are investigated. The limitations of commercial antiviruses can be supplied by intelligent antiviruses. Instead of blacklist-based models, our antivirus allows JAR malware detection preventively and not reactively as Oracle’s Java and traditional antivirus modus operandi.
Conservation agriculture based integrated crop management sustains productivity and economic profitability along with soil properties of the maize-wheat rotation
Authors: Pooniya Vijay , Zhiipao R. R. , Biswakarma Niraj , Kumar Dinesh , Shivay Y. S. , Babu Subhash , Das Kajal , Choudhary A. K. , Swarnalakshmi Karivaradharajan , Jat R. D. , Choudhary R. L. , Ram Hardev , Khokhar Mukesh K. , Mukri Ganapati , Lakhena K. K. , Puniya M. M. , Jat Rajkumar , Muralikrishnan L. , Singh A. K. , Lama Achal 
Published: February 2022

AbstractField experiments were conducted to evaluate eight different integrated crop management (ICM) modules for 5 years in a maize-wheat rotation (MWR); wherein, ICM1&2-ˈbusiness-as-usualˈ (conventional flatbed maize and wheat, ICM3&4-conventional raised bed (CTRB) maize and wheat without residues, ICM5&6-conservation agriculture (CA)-based zero-till (ZT) flatbed maize and wheat with the residues, and ICM7&8-CA-based ZT raised bed maize and wheat with the residues. Results indicated that the ICM7&8produced significantly (p < 0.05) the highest maize grain yield (5 years av.) which was 7.8–21.3% greater than the ICM1-6. However, across years, the ICM5-8gave a statistically similar wheat grain yield and was 8.4–11.5% greater than the ICM1-4. Similarly, the CA-based residue retained ICM5-8modules had given 9.5–14.3% (5 years av.) greater system yields in terms of maize grain equivalents (MGEY) over the residue removed CT-based ICM1&4. System water productivity (SWP) was the highest with ICM5-8, being 10.3–17.8% higher than the ICM1-4. Nevertheless, the highest water use (TWU) was recorded in the CT flatbed (ICM1&2), ~ 7% more than the raised bed and ZT planted crops with or without the residues (ICM4-8). Furthermore, the ICM1-4had produced 9.54% greater variable production costs compared to the ICM5-8, whereas, the ICM5-8gave 24.3–27.4% additional returns than the ICM1-4. Also, different ICM modules caused significant (p < 0.05) impacts on the soil properties, such as organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), dehydrogenase (SDH), alkaline phosphatase (SAP), and urease (URE) activities. In 0.0–0.15 m soil profile, residue retained CA-based (ICM5-8) modules registered a 7.1–14.3% greater SOCand 10.2–17.3% SMBCthan the ICM1-4. The sustainable yield index (SYI) of MWRwas 13.4–18.6% greater under the ICM7&8compared to the ICM1-4.Hence, this study concludes that the adoption of the CA-based residue retained ICMs in the MWRcould sustain the crop yields, enhance farm profits, save water and improve soil properties of the north-western plans of India.
Synthesis of a graphene oxide/agarose/hydroxyapatite biomaterial with the evaluation of antibacterial activity and initial cell attachment
Authors: Khosalim Ingrid Patricia , Zhang Yu Yuan , Yiu Cynthia Kar Yung , Wong Hai Ming 
Published: February 2022

AbstractVarious materials are used in bone tissue engineering (BTE). Graphene oxide (GO) is a good candidate for BTE due to its antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. In this study, an innovative biomaterial consists of GO, agarose and hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesized using electrophoresis system. The characterization of the synthesized biomaterial showed that needle-like crystals with high purity were formed after 10 mA/10 h of electrophoresis treatment. Furthermore, the calcium-phosphate ratio was similar to thermodynamically stable HA. In the synthesized biomaterial with addition of 1.0 wt% of GO, the colony forming units test showed significantly less Staphylococcus aureus. Initial attachment of MC3T3-E1 cells on the synthesized biomaterial was observed which showed the safety of the synthesized biomaterial for cell viability. This study showed that the synthesized biomaterial is a promising material that can be used in BTE.
Molecular-level electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction mediated by single platinum atoms
Authors: Liu Gaoxiang , Ariyarathna Isuru R. , Zhu Zhaoguo , Ciborowski Sandra M. , Miliordos Evangelos , Bowen Kit H. 
Published: February 2022

The activation and transformation of H2O and CO2 mediated by electrons and single Pt atoms is demonstrated at the molecular level by means of photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations.
Oolong tea extract alleviates weight gain in high-fat diet-induced obese rats by regulating lipid metabolism and modulating gut microbiota
Authors: Tung Yen-Chen , Liang Zhi-Rong , Yang Meei-Ju , Ho Chi-Tang , Pan Min-Hsiung 
Published: February 2022

Oolong tea extract reduced the body weight and decreased the lipid accumulation in visceral fat via the regulation of lipid metabolism and modulated gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese rats.
A simple synthetic entryway into new families of NHC–gold-amido complexes and their in vitro antitumor activity
Authors: Martynova Ekaterina A. , Scattolin Thomas , Cavarzerani Enrico , Peng Min , Van Hecke Kristof , Rizzolio Flavio , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: February 2022

A simple synthetic pathway to new families of Au–NHC amido complexes under mild reaction conditions is described. Their in vitro anticancer activity was investigated on three human cell lines, showing comparable or even better results than cisplatin.
Opening new doors to new bio-businesses and their novel products and processes
Authors: Cheetham Peter 
Published: February 2022

Innovative products and processes are key to bioenterprise and the creation of successful bio-based businesses and economies. To create new and improved market-ready products, genuinely novel technologies and business advances are usually very necessary. These are exciting and rewarding – but also complex, exacting, expensive and risky, requiring new, often radically new, ways of scientific and business thinking and working by both individuals and companies with collective ambition, imagination, determination and conducive working environments.
In this article, ways that could help emerging bioenterprises succeed are discussed, including how to work more innovatively and combine economic success with contributing ‘people’ and ‘planet’ benefits. How NamZ, now called WhatIF Foods, an emerging bio-business, began, started work and developed its first products is described, giving insights into its strategies, the multiple different challenges faced, the various advances necessary to overcome them and the range of skills required. WhatIF’s approach is to identify unmet needs, unsolved problems and under-researched opportunities – and then to devise, invent and develop a stream of new products to meet and solve these, together with processes to make them, in ways that benefit people (such as farming communities) and that are not just sustainable but can actually reverse environmental and related problems. Then WhatIF develops markets for them – right through to new product launches by partner or subsidiary companies each specializing in manufacturing, marketing, distributing, and selling specific products.
Application of operational modal analysis to investigate transformer vibration patterns
Authors: Pallot Jakob , Ekanayake Chandima , Ma Hui , Naranpanawe Lakshitha 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis paper develops an operational modal analysis application framework for vibration measurement‐based condition monitoring of transformer winding structure. Within the framework, load transient signals generated by turning on and off transformer or changing transformer load are used as the broadband excitations. Frequency domain decomposition (FDD) technique is used to process the measured transformer vibration signals to detect possible mechanical changes to the transformer's winding and core structure. Case studies demonstrate the OMA application framework (broadband excitation and FDD) can achieve higher accuracy of natural frequency detection of windings, which can pave a way for online transformer winding and core condition monitoring.
Novel and secure plaintext‐related image encryption algorithm based on compressive sensing and tent‐sine system
Authors: Huang Shufeng , Huang Linqing , Cai Shuting , Xiong Xiaoming , Liu Yuan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a secure plaintext‐related image encryption scheme based on compressive sensing and a tent‐sine system is proposed. First, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to transform the plain image to get a coefficient matrix. Second, several chaotic sequences generated by the tent‐sine chaotic map are used to scramble the coefficient matrix and construct a measurement matrix. Afterward, compressive sensing is performed on the coefficient matrix to obtain a small‐sized encrypted image. Finally, an image encryption scheme related to plaintext is designed. In particular, the proposed system uses the original image information to participate in the encryption process, ensuring the high sensitivity of the cryptosystem to minor differences in the plain image and good performance on resisting known/selected plaintext attacks. Furthermore, to convey the plaintext‐related parameters to the receiver, the dimension of the ciphertext image is expanded, and the parameters are embedded into the ciphertext image. Simulation results and security analysis show that the proposed image encryption system has strong plaintext sensitivity and robustness for effectively resisting various typical attacks such as brute‐force attacks, statistical attacks, and differential attacks.
A3COSMOS: A census on the molecular gas mass and extent of main-sequence galaxies across cosmic time
Authors: Wang Tsan-Ming , Magnelli Benjamin , Schinnerer Eva , Liu Daizhong , Modak Ziad Aziz , Jiménez-Andrade Eric Faustino , Karoumpis Christos , Kokorev Vasily , Bertoldi Frank 
Published: February 2022

Aims. We aim to constrain for the first time the mean mass and extent of the molecular gas of a mass-complete sample of normal > 1010 M⊙ star-forming galaxies at 0.4 < z < 3.6.
Methods. We apply an innovative uv-based stacking analysis to a large set of archival Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations using a mass-complete sample of main-sequence (MS) galaxies. This stacking analysis, performed on the Rayleigh-Jeans dust continuum emission, provides accurate measurements of the mean mass and extent of the molecular gas of galaxy populations, which are otherwise individually undetected.
Results. The molecular gas mass of MS galaxies evolves with redshift and stellar mass. At all stellar masses, the molecular gas fraction decreases by a factor of ∼24 from z ∼ 3.2 to z ∼ 0. At a given redshift, the molecular gas fraction of MS galaxies decreases with stellar mass at roughly the same rate that their specific star-formation rate (SFR/M⋆) decreases. The molecular gas depletion time of MS galaxies remains roughly constant at z > 0.5 with a value of 300–500 Myr, but increases by a factor of ∼3 from z ∼ 0.5 to z ∼ 0. This evolution of the molecular gas depletion time of MS galaxies can be predicted from the evolution of their molecular gas surface density and a seemingly universal MS-only ΣMmol − ΣSFR relation with an inferred slope of ∼1.13, the so-called Kennicutt–Schmidt (KS) relation. The far-infrared size of MS galaxies shows no significant evolution with redshift or stellar mass, with a mean circularized half-light radius of ∼2.2 kpc. Finally, our mean molecular gas masses are generally lower than previous estimates, likely due to the fact that literature studies were largely biased toward individually detected MS galaxies with massive gas reservoirs.
Conclusions. To first order, the molecular gas content of MS galaxies regulates their star formation across cosmic time, while variation in their star-formation efficiency plays a secondary role. Despite a large evolution of their gas content and star-formation rates, MS galaxies have evolved along a seemingly universal MS-only KS relation.