bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Unified Mechanism for the PhCOCOOH‐mediated Photochemical Reactions: Revisiting its Action and Comparison to Known Photoinitiators
Authors: Spiliopoulou Nikoleta , Gkizis Petros L. , Triandafillidi Ierasia , Nikitas Nikolaos F. , Batsika Charikleia S. , Bisticha Aikaterini , Kokotos Christoforos G. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractSince 2014, we have introduced in literature the use of phenylglyoxylic acid (PhCOCOOH), a small and commercially available organic molecule, as a potent promoter in a variety of photochemical processes. Although PhCOCOOH has a broad scope of photochemical reactions that can promote, the understanding of its mode of action in our early contributions was moderate. Herein, we are restudying and revisiting the mechanism of action of PhCOCOOH in most of these early contributions, providing a unified mechanism of action. Furthermore, the understanding of its action as a photoinitiator opened a new comparison study with known and commercially available photoinitiators.
N‐Terminal Selective C−H Azidation of Proline‐Containing Peptides: a Platform for Late‐Stage Diversification
Authors: Allouche Emmanuelle M. D. , Simonet‐Davin Raphaël , Waser Jerome 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA methodology for the C−H azidation of N‐terminal proline‐containing peptides was developed employing only commercially available reagents. Peptides bearing a broad range of functionalities and containing up to 6 amino acids were selectively azidated at the carbamate‐protected N‐terminal residue in presence of the numerous other functional groups present on the molecules. Post‐functionalizations of the obtained aminal compounds were achieved: cycloaddition reactions or C−C bond formations via a sequence of imine formation/nucleophilic addition were performed, offering an easy access to diversified peptides.
Cell‐free human papillomavirus DNA kinetics after surgery for human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: O'Boyle Connor J. , Siravegna Giulia , Varmeh Shohreh , Queenan Natalia , Michel Alexa , Pang Kim Chang Sing , Stein Jarrod , Thierauf Julia C. , Sadow Peter M. , Faquin William C. , Wang Wei , Deschler Daniel G. , Emerick Kevin S. , Varvares Mark A. , Park Jong C. , Clark John R. , Chan Annie W. , Busse Paul M. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Wirth Lori J. , Lin Derrick T. , Iafrate A. John , Richmon Jeremy D. , Faden Daniel L. 
Published: February 2022

BackgroundNew ultrasensitive methods for detecting residual disease after surgery are needed in human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+OPSCC).MethodsTo determine whether the clearance kinetics of circulating tumor human papillomavirus DNA (ctHPVDNA) is associated with postoperative disease status, a prospective observational study was conducted in 33 patients with HPV+OPSCC undergoing surgery. Blood was collected before surgery, postoperative days 1 (POD 1), 7, and 30 and with follow‐up. A subcohort of 12 patients underwent frequent blood collections in the first 24 hours after surgery to define early clearance kinetics. Plasma was run on custom droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assays for HPV genotypes 16, 18, 33, 35, and 45.ResultsIn patients without pathologic risk factors for recurrence who were observed after surgery, ctHPVDNA rapidly decreased to <1 copy/mL by POD 1 (n = 8/8). In patients with risk factors for macroscopic residual disease, ctHPVDNA was markedly elevated on POD 1 (>350 copies/mL) and remained elevated until adjuvant treatment (n = 3/3). Patients with intermediate POD 1 ctHPVDNA levels (1.2‐58.4 copies/mL) all possessed pathologic risk factors for microscopic residual disease (n = 9/9). POD 1 ctHPVDNA levels were higher in patients with known adverse pathologic risk factors such as extranodal extension >1 mm (P = .0481) and with increasing lymph nodes involved (P = .0453) and were further associated with adjuvant treatment received (P = .0076). One of 33 patients had a recurrence that was detected by ctHPVDNA 2 months earlier than clinical detection.ConclusionsPOD 1 ctHPVDNA levels are associated with the risk of residual disease in patients with HPV+OPSCC undergoing curative intent surgery and thus could be used as a personalized biomarker for selecting adjuvant treatment in the future.Lay Summary

Human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+OPSCC) is increasing at epidemic proportions and is commonly treated with surgery.

This report describes results from a study examining the clearance kinetics of circulating tumor HPV DNA (circulating tumor human papillomavirus DNA [ctHPVDNA]) following surgical treatment of HPV+OPSCC.

We found that ctHPVDNA levels 1 day after surgery are associated with the risk of residual disease in patients with HPV+OPSCC and thus could be used as a personalized biomarker for selecting adjuvant treatment in the future.

These findings are the first to demonstrate the potential utility of ctHPVDNA in patients with HPV+OPSCC undergoing surgery.
Developmental variability in advanced megagametogenesis and embryogenesis in cultivars of sunflower
Authors: Menéndez Agustín , Bianchi Marta Beatríz , Picardi Liliana Amelia , Nestares Graciela María , Ochogavía Ana Claudia 
Published: February 2022

AbstractIn the last few years, some research groups have reported the occurrence of low apospory levels and/or integumentary embryony in wild Helianthus species. Considering the potential impact of apomixis as a tool to optimize plant breeding programs, we aimed to characterize the reproductive development of nine self‐pollinated sunflower cultivars (Helianthus annuus L.) with diverse genetic backgrounds, in order to detect the possible occurrence of apospory features that would allow future harnessing of maternal reproduction into breeding. Cyto‐embryological studies were made by differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy on 1,224 clarified ovules from nine genotypes with divergent genetic backgrounds, and the seed set was evaluated in an experimental pollination assay. Biometrical parameters of the embryo sac and the endothelial layer were compared by multivariate statistical methods. Significant cytoembryological variability in the development of female gametophyte was detected and a genotype‐dependent shape index allowed three embryo sac categories to be recognized. After three seasons of experimental repetition, the qualitative analysis of the developing megagametophyte revealed genotype‐dependent endothelial alterations, multiple embryo sac formation possibly related to aposporous‐like development, and defective embryo growth during embryogenesis in self‐pollinated sunflower lines. Our analysis points to the potential occurrence of apospory and integumentary embryony in H. annuus inbred lines, which is in agreement with previous reports involving wild sunflower species and reveals four genotypes of cultivated sunflower expressing this ability. These results provide new insights for development of breakthrough breeding strategies in this crop.
How green investment drives sustainable business performance for food manufacturing small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises? Evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Le Thanh Tiep , Ferasso Marcos 
Published: February 2022

AbstractThis study unfolds the nexus between green investment (GI), the sustainable business performance (SBP) of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises by exploring the mediating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR), and green innovation (GIN) in the context of an emerging economy. A well‐structured questionnaire was used for data collection. A total of 556 valid responses from directors and managers were received and used for data analysis. The Smart PLS version 3.3.2 was employed to analyse and investigate the relationships between the constructs and the latent variables. Our findings provide an insight into how GI can boost SBP in the context of CSR and GIN partially mediating this relationship. This research implies that, businesses, which implement GI, GIN and CSR to promote bringing long‐term and sustainable benefits to businesses and stakeholders for SBP to help businesses, develop sustainably in the new context.
Mechanochemical Transformations of Biomass into Functional Materials
Authors: Hajiali Faezeh , Jin Tony , Yang Galen , Santos Madison , Lam Edmond , Moores Audrey 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBiomass is one of the promising alternatives to petroleum‐derived materials and plays a major role in our fight against climate change by providing renewable sources of chemicals and materials. Owing to its chemical and structural complexity, the transformation of biomass into value‐added products requires a profound understanding of its composition at different scales and innovative methods such as combining physical and chemical processes. In this context, the use of mechanochemistry in biomass valorization is currently growing owing to its potentials as an efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly approach. This review highlights the latest advances in the transformation of biomass (i. e., chitin, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and starch) to functional materials using mechanochemical‐assisted methods. We focused here on the methodology of biomass processing, influencing factors, and resulting properties with an emphasis on achieving functional materials rather than breaking down the biopolymer chains into smaller molecules. Opportunities and limitations associated this methodology were discussed accordingly for future directions.
Non‐isolated high step‐up DC/DC converter for low‐voltage distributed power systems based on the quadratic boost converter
Authors: Karimi Hajiabadi Mostafa , Lahooti Eshkevari Alireza , Mosallanejad Ali , Salemnia Ahmad 
Published: February 2022

AbstractDistributed energy resources have been broadly developed in recent years for supporting DC and AC microgrids. Unfortunately, most of them produce low output DC or AC voltages, and interfacing converters are required. These are implemented either in single‐stage or dual‐stage configurations. Step‐up converters are the essential section in dual‐stage designs, which their producing gain is important. Improving the boost factor and efficiency as well as decreasing the number of required components and electrical stresses on power components are the most critical challenges in designing such topologies. Continuing past efforts, this paper proposes a new non‐isolated step‐up DC/DC converter that can be used in low‐voltage distributed power systems and many other applications requiring step‐up DC/DC conversion. The topology requires only one power switch located on the converter's low voltage (LV) side. Hence, it can be easily selected from LV ratings, low on‐resistance power semiconductors. Besides, the converter operates with a continuous input current, which is a valuable feature in connection with current‐sensitive voltage resources. Compared with the recently proposed topologies, the topology provides better conversion gain and efficiency. In this article, the operating principle of the introduced converter is comprehensively investigated. Also, in order to examine the converter performance, experimental results will be presented and analyzed. For this purpose, a 400 V/400 W prototype has been designed and built. Results confirm the above claims and show that the converter efficiency equals 96.1%, and it produces high output voltage gain about 12 times.
A replicated study on the response of spider assemblages to regional and local processes
Authors: Müller Jörg , Brandl Roland , Cadotte Marc W. , Heibl Christoph , Bässler Claus , Weiß Ingmar , Birkhofer Klaus , Thorn Simon , Seibold Sebastian 
Published: February 2022

AbstractUnderstanding species richness variation among local communities is one of the central topics in ecology, but the complex interplay of regional processes, environmental filtering, and local processes hampers generalization on the importance of different processes. Here, we aim to unravel drivers of spider community assembly in temperate forests by analyzing two independent data sets covering gradients in elevation and forest succession. We test the following four hypotheses: (H1) spider assemblages within a region are limited by dispersal, (H2) local environment has a dominant influence on species composition and (H3) resources, and (H4) biotic interactions both affect species richness patterns. In a comprehensive approach, we studied species richness, abundance, taxonomic composition, and trait‐phylogenetic dissimilarity of assemblages. The decrease in taxonomic similarity with increasing spatial distance was very weak, failing to support H1. Functional clustering of species in general and with canopy openness strongly supported H2. Moreover, this hypothesis was supported by a positive correlation between environmental and taxonomic similarity and by an increase in abundance with canopy openness. Resource determination of species richness (H3) could be confirmed only by the decrease of species richness with canopy cover. Finally, decreasing species richness with functional clustering indicating effects of biotic interactions (H4) could only be found in one analysis and only in one data set. In conclusion, our findings indicate that spider assemblages within a region are mainly determined by local environmental conditions, while resource availability, biotic interactions and dispersal play a minor role. Our approach shows that both the analysis of different aspects of species diversity and replication of community studies are necessary to identify the complex interplay of processes forming local assemblages.
Calcium and strontium stable isotopes reveal similar behaviors of essential Ca and nonessential Sr in stream food webs
Authors: Nitzsche Kai Nils , Wakaki Shigeyuki , Yamashita Katsuyuki , Shin Ki‐Cheol , Kato Yoshikazu , Kamauchi Hiromitsu , Tayasu Ichiro 
Published: February 2022

AbstractRecent studies showed the potential of stable isotopes of the macronutrient calcium (δ44/40Ca) and nonessential strontium (δ88/86Sr) as new trophic level indicators in terrestrial vertebrates and marine teleost fishes. In this study, we tested whether similar Ca and Sr isotopic fractionation trends existed in macroinvertebrate‐dominated stream food webs compared to vertebrates despite their physiological differences. We have determined the δ44/40Ca and δ88/86Sr values as well as the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of stream macroinvertebrates and small gobies and their potential metal sources (stream water, periphyton, and terrestrial plant litter) in upper and lower reaches of two streams in the Lake Biwa catchment, central Japan. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios revealed that stonefly nymphs, crustacea, and gobies mostly relied on aquatic Sr sources. Higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios of some crane fly and caddisfly larvae, mayfly, dobsonfly, and dragonfly nymphs indicated greater terrestrial contributions via plant litter. Positive correlations between the δ44/40Ca and δ88/86Sr values implied that similar Ca and Sr sources existed, and that Ca and Sr stable isotopes underwent similar fractionation trends although Sr was not essential. The δ44/40Ca and partly the δ88/86Sr values were positively correlated with Sr/Ca ratios and negatively with δ15N values indicating trophic effects on Ca and Sr stable isotopes. The enrichment of 44Ca and 88Sr in large filter‐feeding caddisfly larvae was a notable exception from these trophic trends. Our data confirm that the trophic 44Ca and 88Sr depletion observed for marine teleost fishes and terrestrial vertebrates also applied to macroinvertebrate‐dominated stream food webs despite their different physiologies indicating that shared mechanisms of Ca and Sr isotopic fractionation may exist at the cellular or molecular level between these taxa.
Progeny selection for enhanced forest growth alters soil communities and processes
Authors: Senior John K. , Gundale Michael J. , Iason Glenn R. , Whitham Thomas G. , Axelsson E. Petter 
Published: February 2022

AbstractGenetic enhancement of tree species is integral to global forest management practices with mass propagation of enhanced plant material being used to reforest whole landscapes. It is unclear, however, how genetic enhancement of basic traits such as tree growth may influence the function of life supporting soil ecosystems. We studied the potential cascading effects of genetic increases in growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) on a range of soil chemical and biological properties. Because this species is a prime candidate for the genetic enhancement of boreal forest landscapes and it has been introduced around the world, its impacts on soil microbiomes are likely of importance both locally and globally. In a 40‐year common garden, we assessed how genetic increases in growth generated through controlled crossing of high‐quality “plus” trees from across the central boreal zone of Sweden influenced a range of soil properties beneath the canopies. Properties included pH, carbon, nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate, respiration rate, and the composition of microbial communities assessed via phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). We found that Norway spruce family significantly affected each of the seven chemical properties assessed, with differences of up to 140% among families, and that three of the seven were significantly correlated with mean family growth rate. We also found that fungal PLFAs varied significantly across Norway spruce families, but these differences were not strongly related to mean family growth rate. This study, representing just one cycle of selective breeding, suggests that genetic increases in tree growth rates may also be inadvertently altering soil communities and ecosystem services. Such alterations across forest landscapes may have unexpected implications for the function of forest ecosystems (i.e., nutrient cycling) as well as processes of global significance (i.e., carbon sequestration).
Lost in dead wood? Environmental DNA sequencing from dead wood shows little signs of saproxylic beetles
Authors: Winiger Nathalie , Seibold Sebastian , Lucek Kay , Müller Jörg , Segelbacher Gernot 
Published: February 2022

AbstracteDNA metabarcoding has become a standard method for assessing wood‐inhabiting fungi and bacteria, yet determination of dead‐wood‐inhabiting beetles still relies on time‐consuming collection of beetle specimens. We thus tested whether beetle species can be identified by eDNA sequencing of wood in a mesocosm experiment that manipulated species assemblages. Dead wood samples were taken at exit holes of beetles and DNA was extracted and analyzed using two comparative methods: (i) metabarcoding with standard arthropod primers (421 bp) and (ii) using short species‐specific primers (120–264 bp) with Sanger sequencing. Results showed that beetle DNA was amplified by each of the two approaches, however, with (i) we detected only one non‐target saproxylic beetle species. In addition, we identified 80 different OTUs with four non‐targeted species of arthropods. For (ii) we detected the targeted species in two fresh beetle exit holes out of 20 samples. We suggest that, in contrast to fungi and bacteria, this eDNA metabarcoding approach is not able to reliably detect saproxylic beetles from wood samples, likely due to rapid degradation of their target DNA. Adapting such an approach for large‐scale analyses thus requires a better knowledge of degradation processes affecting DNA quality and quantity in wood.
Be[B2(SO4)4] – A Borosulfate Exhibiting Ino‐ and Phyllosilicate Analogue Topology
Authors: Sutorius Stefan , Hanrath Michael , Bruns Jörn 
Published: February 2022

AbstractBorosulfates are a constantly expanding class of silicate analogue compounds. The anionic substructures are composed of vertex‐connected (BO4)‐ and (SO4)‐tetrahedra and feature topologies of monomeric, oligomeric, and polymeric anions. The latter resemble typical motifs of ino‐, phyllo‐ and tectosilicates but none of the hitherto known borosulfates exhibits two different anion topologies within one structure. However, this is very rare even for the homopolyanionic silicates. Be[B2(SO4)4] is the first borosulfate featuring anionic chains and layers within one structure and both substructures are interconnected by (BeO4)‐tetrahedra. DFT calculations complement the experimental studies and help to describe the bonding situation of the Be−O bonds.
Bayesian‐network‐based risk modeling and inference for structures under a sequence of main and aftershocks
Authors: Mun Changuk , Song Junho 
Published: February 2022

AbstractA sequence of main and aftershocks is a complex natural hazard, which may introduce severe damage to critical infrastructure systems. Managing the risk caused by sequential earthquake events is challenging due to the uncertainties of aftershocks and their dependency on the preceding mainshock. Moreover, the dynamic behavior of a structural system under aftershocks must be evaluated with consideration of possible structural damage caused by the mainshock. To overcome these difficulties, this paper proposes a new framework based on a Bayesian network (BN) for risk modelling and inference for structures under a sequence of main and aftershocks. The stochastic mechanisms of sequential earthquakes and the hysteretic behavior of structures are described by BN models, which are then integrated for comprehensive modeling of the risk. The developed BN model facilitates probabilistic inference to obtain fragility curves given various circumstances regarding sequential earthquake events and observations. Numerical examples demonstrate fragility assessment and inference with the proposed BN‐based framework.
Numerical investigation on the characteristics of lateral smoke extraction in the immersed road tunnel
Authors: Zhang Shaogang , Huang Yilong , Lin Bin , Shi Long , Liu Jiahao , Wang Jinhui 
Published: February 2022

SummaryA series of numerical simulations are carried out to explore the characteristics of the smoke layer in an immersed road tunnel with the lateral smoke extraction system. The temperature distribution and velocity field near the lateral exhaust vent with different aspect ratios were investigated, together with the mass flow rate of CO through the lateral exhaust vent. The results show that the smoke layer stratification is quite stable with the lateral smoke extraction, and the plug‐holing phenomenon with the exhaust of fresh air from the bottom edge of the lateral exhaust vent is obviously different from that during the traditional ceiling smoke exhaustion process. A relatively smaller exhaust velocity or a larger heat release rate prevents the plug‐holing phenomenon effectively. The major streamlines presented a flattened “S” shape through the cross section of the immersed road tunnel. The lateral exhaust vent with a higher aspect ratio shows an inherent disadvantage in smoke exhaustion performance, while a flattened exhaust vent under a larger effective contact area with a smoke layer could remove the smoke gas more effectively. In terms of smoke exhaustion volume and energy‐saving, a lateral exhaust vent with an aspect ratio of 1:3 shows optimal smoke exhaustion performance in the immersed road tunnel. The effectiveness of some potential measures to prevent plug‐holing and improve lateral smoke exhaustion is validated briefly. These outcomes will provide some basic guidance and references for the future design of lateral smoke exhaust in the road tunnel.
Henckelia longipedicellata (Gesneriaceae): New addition for the flora of India from Mishmi Hills of Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Taram Momang , Borah Dipankar , Tag Hui 
Published: February 2022

AbstractHerein, we present the first record of Henckelia longipedicellata (B.L.Burtt) D.J.Middleton & Mich.Möller (Gesneriaceae) for the flora of India based on specimens from Mayodia, Mishmi Hills, Lower Dibang Valley district of Arunachal Pradesh, India and its rediscovery after type collection. This species is easily recognized due to its solitary flowers with longer peduncles, deeply divided calyx lobes and ventrally pouched campanulate corolla. H. longipedicellata is so far known from Myanmar. A brief description along with additional notes and photographs are provided.