bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum MicroRNAs Predict Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Lewy Body Diseases
Authors: Soto Marta , Iranzo Alex , Lahoz Sara , Fernández Manel , Serradell Mónica , Gaig Carles , Melón Paula , Martí Maria‐Jose , Santamaría Joan , Camps Jordi , Fernández‐Santiago Rubén , Ezquerra Mario 
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundIsolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (IRBD) is a well‐established clinical risk factor for Lewy body diseases (LBDs), such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).ObjectiveTo elucidate whether serum microRNA (miRNA) deregulation in IRBD can antedate the diagnosis of LBD by performing a longitudinal study in different progression stages of IRBD before and after LBD diagnosis and assessing the predictive performance of differentially expressed miRNAs by machine learning–based modeling.MethodsUsing genome‐wide miRNA analysis and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation, we assessed serum miRNA profiles from patients with IRBD stratified by dopamine transporter (DaT) single‐photon emission computed tomography into DaT‐negative IRBD (n = 17) and DaT‐positive IRBD (n = 21), IRBD phenoconverted into LBD (n = 13), and controls (n = 20). Longitudinally, we followed up the IRBD cohort by studying three time point serum samples over 26 months.ResultsWe found sustained cross‐sectional and longitudinal deregulation of 12 miRNAs across the RBD continuum, including DaT‐negative IRBD, DaT‐positive IRBD, and LBD phenoconverted IRBD (let‐7c‐5p, miR‐19b‐3p, miR‐140, miR‐22‐3p, miR‐221‐3p, miR‐24‐3p, miR‐25‐3p, miR‐29c‐3p, miR‐361‐5p, miR‐425‐5p, miR‐4505, and miR‐451a) (false discovery rate P < 0.05). Age‐ and sex‐adjusted predictive modeling based on the 12 differentially expressed miRNA biosignatures discriminated IRBD and PD or DLB from controls with an area under the curve of 98% (95% confidence interval: 89–99%).ConclusionsBesides clinical diagnosis of IRBD or imaging markers such as DaT single‐photon emission computed tomography, specific miRNA biosignatures alone hold promise as progression biomarkers for patients with IRBD for predicting PD and DLB clinical outcomes. Further miRNA studies in other PD at‐risk populations, such as LRRK2 mutation asymptomatic carriers or hyposmic subjects, are warranted. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Brain Metabolic Correlates of Dopaminergic Denervation in Prodromal and Early Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Kim Ryul , Kim Heejung , Kim Yu Kyeong , Yoon Eun Jin , Nam Hyun Woo , Jeon Beomseok , Lee Jee‐Young 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unclear how brain metabolic activities transform in response to dopamine deficiency in the prodromal and early phases of Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation and brain glucose metabolism in patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and early PD.MethodsThis cohort study included 28 patients with polysomnography‐confirmed iRBD, 24 patients with de novo PD with probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (denovoPD), and 28 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent two positron emission tomography scans with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (all participants) and 18F‐N‐3‐fluoropropyl‐2β‐carboxymethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐nortropane (except for one denovoPD patient and 15 HCs). We analyzed striatal and voxel‐wise whole‐brain glucose metabolism in relation to nigrostriatal dopaminergic integrity and comparatively investigated the whole‐brain metabolic connectivity among the groups. We also assessed longitudinal metabolic changes against progressive dopaminergic denervation over 4 years in the iRBD group.ResultsFrom HCs to iRBD and finally to the denovoPD, dopaminergic integrity positively correlated with metabolic activity in the caudate, whereas a negative correlation was observed in the posterior putamen. In the iRBD group, there was a metabolic increase in the inferior orbitofrontal cortex against putaminal dopaminergic denervation at baseline, but negative correlations were newly observed in the superior orbitofrontal cortex and superior frontal gyrus at the 4‐year follow‐up. The denovoPD group showed negative correlations in the cerebellum and fusiform gyrus. Intra‐ and inter‐regional metabolic connectivities in the parieto‐occipital cortices were enhanced in the iRBD group compared with the denovoPD and HC groups. In the iRBD group, overall metabolic connectivity was strengthened along with enhanced basal ganglia‐frontal connection by advancing dopaminergic denervation.ConclusionsOur findings suggest diverse trajectories of metabolic responses associated with dopaminergic denervation between individual brain areas in the prodromal and early PD stages. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Deterministic small‐scale undulations of image‐based risk predictions from the deep learning of lung tumors in motion
Authors: Teo P. Troy , Bajaj Amishi , Randall James , Lou Bin , Shah Jainil , Gopalakrishnan Mahesh , Kamen Ali , Abazeed Mohamed E. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroductionDeep learning (DL) models that use medical images to predict clinical outcomes are poised for clinical translation. For tumors that reside in organs that move, however, the impact of motion (i.e., degenerated object appearance or blur) on DL model accuracy remains unclear. We examine the impact of tumor motion on an image‐based DL framework that predicts local failure risk after lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).MethodsWe input pre‐therapy free breathing (FB) computed tomography (CT) images from 849 patients treated with lung SBRT into a multitask deep neural network to generate an image fingerprint signature (or DL score) that predicts time‐to‐event local failure outcomes. The network includes a convolutional neural network encoder for extracting imaging features and building a task‐specific fingerprint, a decoder for estimating handcrafted radiomic features, and a task‐specific network for generating image signature for radiotherapy outcome prediction. The impact of tumor motion on the DL scores was then examined for a holdout set of 468 images from 39 patients comprising: (1) FB CT, (2) four‐dimensional (4D) CT, and (3) maximum‐intensity projection (MIP) images. Tumor motion was estimated using a 3D vector of the maximum distance traveled, and its association with DL score variance was assessed by linear regression.FindingsThe variance and amplitude in 4D CT image‐derived DL scores were associated with tumor motion (R2 = 0.48 and 0.46, respectively). Specifically, DL score variance was deterministic and represented by sinusoidal undulations in phase with the respiratory cycle. DL scores, but not tumor volumes, peaked near end‐exhalation. The mean of the scores derived from 4D CT images and the score obtained from FB CT images were highly associated (Pearson r = 0.99). MIP‐derived DL scores were significantly higher than 4D‐ or FB‐derived risk scores (p < 0.0001).InterpretationAn image‐based DL risk score derived from a series of 4D CT images varies in a deterministic, sinusoidal trajectory in a phase with the respiratory cycle. These results indicate that DL models of tumors in motion can be robust to fluctuations in object appearance due to movement and can guide standardization processes in the clinical translation of DL models for patients with lung cancer.
Reassurance regarding educational messages in people with non‐specific low back pain: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Alamam Dalyah , Alrushud Asma , Alodaibi Faris , Alhowimel Ahmed , Almarzouq Raghad , Alangari Raneem , Khunain Sara Bin , Alosaimi Waad , Almoheidib Sara 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIntroduction/ObjectivesEducational messages related to Low back pain (LBP) are often contradictory and drive maladaptive beliefs, as they conflict with the latest research evidence. This study aims to examine participants' reassurance levels in relation to educational messages regarding LBP among the Saudi population with the condition compared to those without it, and to assess the association between levels of reassurance and fear avoidance.MethodsA list of 13 educational messages about LBP was generated from LBP‐educational resources in Saudi Arabia, and from expert consensus on a set of evidence‐based key messages for people with LBP. Consented respondents with LBP of various durations and those without the condition completed a questionnaire containing questions on demographic characteristics, the absence or presence of LBP and its intensity, and the fear‐avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ). We also asked them to rate their level of perceived reassurance regarding the educational messages using a Likert‐type scale from 0 to 10.ResultsParticipants (n = 1652) reported that the 13 educational messages had reassured them about LBP. However, there was no significant difference between participants with and without LBP (p ≥ 0.05). There was an overall weak association between the responses to the 13 educational messages and the fear‐avoidance questionnaire. However, reassurance levels regarding most of the educational messages were negatively associated with the FABQ.Discussion and conclusionWe demonstrate that people with and without LBP need reassurance about the condition. Furthermore, we show that as reassurance increases, fear‐avoidance decreases, confirming the complex nature of LBP.
Shape optimization with immersed interface finite element method
Authors: Kaudur Srivatsa Bhat , Patil Mayuresh J. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractShape Optimization using conventional interface‐fitted finite element method requires either mesh morphing or remeshing, which is computationally expensive and prone to errors due to suboptimal mesh or solution interpolation. In this article, we present a shape optimization scheme which uses a four‐noded rectangular immersed‐interface element circumventing the need for interface‐fitted mesh for finite element analysis, and mesh morphing or re‐meshing for shape optimization. The analysis problem is solved using a non‐conformal, Petrov–Galerkin (ncPG) formulation. We use non‐conformal trial functions with conformal test functions. A fixed structured grid with a linear approximation for the interface within each element is used. We perform a bi‐material patch test to confirm the consistency and convergence of the immersed‐interface finite element method (IIFEM). The convergence of the displacement and stress error norms are of the same or slightly better order compared to the interface‐fitted FEM. Thus, IIFEM reduces the cost of meshing without compromising the accuracy of the solutions obtained. We then perform analytical design sensitivity analysis to obtain the gradient of the global stiffness matrix with respect to shape design variables. The sensitivities are used in the gradient‐based optimization formulation of the shape design problem. We present several ways to parametrize the design space. Finally, verification and case studies are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and potential of the approach.
Composite Anderson acceleration method with two window sizes and optimized damping
Authors: Chen Kewang , Vuik Cornelis 
Published: August 2022

AbstractIn this article, we propose and analyze a set of fully nonstationary Anderson acceleration (AA) algorithms with two window sizes and optimized damping. Although AA has been used for decades to speed up nonlinear solvers in many applications, most authors are simply using and analyzing the stationary version of AA (sAA) with fixed window size and a constant damping factor. The behavior and potential of the nonstationary version of AA methods remain an open question. Most efficient linear solvers however use composable algorithmic components. Similar ideas can be used for AA to solve nonlinear systems. Thus in the present work, to develop nonstationary AA algorithms, we first propose a systematic way to dynamically alternate the window size by the multiplicative composite combination, which means we apply sAA() in the outer loop and apply sAA() in the inner loop. By doing this, significant gains can be achieved. Second, to make AA to be a fully nonstationary algorithm, we need to combine these strategies with our recent work on the nonstationary AA algorithm with optimized damping (AAoptD), which is another important direction of producing nonstationary AA and nice performance gains have been observed. Moreover, we also investigate the rate of convergence of these nonstationary AA methods under suitable assumptions. Finally, our numerical results show that some of these proposed nonstationary AA algorithms converge faster than the stationary sAA method and they may significantly reduce the storage and time to find the solution in many cases.
Robust (Q, S, R)‐γ‐dissipative control of Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with interval time‐varying delay and sampling
Authors: Lien Chang‐Hua , Chang Hao‐Chin , Yu Ker‐Wei , Li Hung‐Chi , Hou Yi‐You 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe robust (Q, S, R)‐γ‐dissipative control of Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy time‐delay model is considered by the developed robust control with sampling in this article. The proposed Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and inequality are investigated to improve the main results in this article. Full matrix formulation approach is present to show our proposed results by some linear matrix inequalities. Interval delay and sampling period are contemplated instead of constant delay and fixed sampling in some circulated literatures. The less conservatism of our proposed results is demonstrated by our proposed numerical examples. Finally, we illustrate a mass‐spring‐damper nonlinear system to show our developed results.
Correlation between temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and mandibular cortical width measured on computed tomography
Authors: Muraoka Hirotaka , Ito Kotaro , Hirahara Naohisa , Tokunaga Satoshi , Okada Shunya , Ichiki Shungo , Itakura Go , Kondo Takumi , Komatsu Tomohiro , Hirohata Shoya , Kaneda Takashi 
Published: August 2022

AbstractPurposeComputed tomography (CT) is frequently used in the diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial diseases. However, very few studies have assessed the association between osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and mandibular cortical width (MCW), which is used to assess bone quality using CT. The present study sought to assess the correlation between MCW and presence or absence OA of the TMJ using CT.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study in which a total of 101 women with a mean age of 53.72 years (range: 20–90 years) underwent CT at our university hospital between April 2019 and July 2019. The variable “mean MCW” was evaluated as a predictor. The primary outcome comprised the presence or absence of OA in the TMJ. The other variable was age. Data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Mann–Whitney U test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsThe mean MCW values in the OA group were significantly lower than that in the non‐OA group (P < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between age and mean MCW values (P < 0.05). Moreover, ROC analysis revealed a cutoff MCW value of 3.3 mm for predicting the association of OA.ConclusionsThese results suggest that MCW may be a useful parameter for predicting the association of OA in the TMJ.
Dressing systems based on chitosan as active transport platforms in the treatment of burnt skin: Mini‐review
Authors: de Lima Dias Boaventura Muniz Jéssica , de Menezes Lívia Rodrigues 
Published: August 2022

AbstractBurns are one of the most common injuries worldwide, affecting thousands of people every year. These wounds, when more severe, can pose a risk to the individual's systemic health and lead to many hospital visits. Among the possible complications arising from cases of deep or generalized burns, sepsis, scar tissue contraction after inadequate healing, and burn shock caused by hypovolemia stand out. Burnt skin is extremely susceptible to bacteria and other pathogens, due to the loss of the protection provided by intact layers of skin, which can severely hinder its proper healing. Several strategies can be used to treat these injuries, among which, the use of hydrogel‐based dressings stands out because of the wet wound healing process. Thus, many studies have focused on the therapeutic effects of chitosan‐based hydrogels for better wound healing due to the good characteristics of this matrix, which include the high biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and ability to act as a carrier for the local delivery of actives. In this perspective, studies that explore hydrogel formulations containing chitosan showed the high versatility of these systems that have already been used as transport platforms for natural actives, biomolecules, synthetic antimicrobials, and even antimicrobial nanoparticles. The results of these studies indicate that the use of dressings based on hydrogels containing chitosan can accelerate the healing of wounds caused by burns in the animal model and achieve synergistic antimicrobial effects with some actives, indicating that chitosan hydrogels hold great promise in developing healing systems to regenerate burnt skin
Thermal characterization and hygrothermal aging of lignocellulosic Agave Cantala fiber reinforced polylactide composites
Authors: Ramesh M. , Selvan M. Tamil , Niranjana K. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe use of lignocellulosic fibers into polymer matrices gained attention of the researchers and brought substantial research. The main objective of this research work is to determine the thermal characteristics and hygrothermal aging of untreated and surface modified Agave Cantala plant fiber‐reinforced polylactide composites. Cellulosic fibers were extracted from the fleshy leaves of the plant by water and mechanical retting processes. The extracted fibers were treated with trimethoxy methyl silane and fabrication of the composites was done using matched die molding method. These composites are characterized by thermo‐gravimetry analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction study, hygrothermal aging, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results showed the trimethoxy methyl silane treated A. Cantala treated fiber reinforced composites exhibiting better thermal, hygrothermal, and morphological behavior.
Origin of the broad endothermic peak observed at low temperatures for polystyrene and metals in Flash differential scanning calorimetry*
Authors: Pallaka Madhusudhan R. , Bari Rozana , Simon Sindee L. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractThe glass transition behavior of polystyrene as a function of different cooling rates with scanning to two different end temperatures, 30°C and −80°C, was investigated for four different substrate conditions using Flash differential scanning calorimetry, a fast scanning nanocalorimetry technique. In addition, structural recovery of polystyrene was performed at 20°C for aging times from 0.01 s to 8 h with scanning to −80°C for the same samples. A broad endotherm appears to grow at low temperatures (T << Tg) as cooling rate decreases and aging time increases, which is influenced by the substrate underlying the film, as well as by the end temperature condition in the scanning experiment. On the other hand, the endothermic overshoot associated with Tg is not influenced by substrate or scan end temperature. In addition, indium and vapor‐deposited gold, both crystalline materials, show the growth of a very similar broad endotherm at low temperatures as cooling rate decreases and aging time increases indicating that the low‐temperature endotherm is an artifact and not a relaxation associated with the material under investigation. Several potential explanations are put forward.
Relationship of DRD5 and MAO‐B VNTR polymorphisms with paranoid and antisocial personality disorders in polydrug users
Authors: O'Higgins Marcelo , Benito Ana , Real‐López Matías , Gil‐Miravet Isis , Ochoa Enrique , Haro Gonzalo 
Published: August 2022

AbstractAlthough multiple studies have shown the role genetics plays in personality disorders and in addictions, few have studied the genetic aspects of their comorbidity. Here, we carried out a cross‐sectional study in a sample comprising 303 Caucasian polydrug‐consuming patients. The presence of personality disorders was evaluated using the International Personality Disorder Examination, and genes related to dopamine, serotonin and monoamine oxidase (MAO) were genotyped. A significant relationship was observed between the bp 279 DRD5 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and paranoid personality disorder
. The bp 182
and bp 184
alleles of the MAOB VNTR were also associated with antisocial personality disorder. Among patients with addictions, paranoid personality disorder should also be considered in addition to the importance of antisocial and borderline personality disorders. The higher frequency of the bp 279 DRD5 VNTR allele found in patients with paranoid personality disorder, as well as the associations between alleles of the MAOB VNTR and antisocial personality disorder, support the monoaminergic bases of these personality disorders, especially when dealing with patients with addictions.
Parents' experiences with large‐scale sequencing for genetic predisposition in pediatric renal cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Bon Sebastian B. B. , Wouters Roel H. P. , Hol Janna A. , Jongmans Marjolijn C. J. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Grootenhuis Martha A. 
Published: August 2022

AbstractObjectiveIn pediatric oncology, large‐scale genetic sequencing contributes to the identification of cancer predisposition, which can facilitate surveillance and family counseling. Our qualitative study explores families' motives, knowledge, and views regarding germline genetic sequencing to improve future counseling and support.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents of children with renal tumors participating in a national center, germline sequencing study. An inductive thematic analysis approach was used. Twenty nine parents participated, 17 mothers and 12 fathers. The median age of the affected children was 4 years.ResultsParents were generally positive about sequencing and reported a combination of individual and altruistic motives to participate. Some families counseled about sequencing shortly after cancer diagnosis felt overwhelmed. Many parents had difficulties distinguishing between panel and exome‐wide analysis. Families in which no predisposition was identified felt reassured. Most families did not experience distress after a predisposition was disclosed, although sometimes stress following disclosure of a predisposition added to pre‐existing (cancer‐related) stress.ConclusionsEven though families reported positive experiences with germline genetic sequencing to detect cancer predisposition, timing of consent for sequencing as well as parents' understanding of genetic concepts can be further improved.
Severe multilobar lung echinococcosis with multiorgan involvement in a child
Authors: Güngör Şükrü , Yurttutan Sadık , Doğan Adil 
Published: August 2022

AbstractMultilobar lung echinococcosis with multiorgan involvement is an extremely rare entity in pediatric populations. We would like to share an adolescent girl with very demonstrative postero‐anterior chest X‐ray and computed tomography images.