bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Theoretical Model to Predict Contact Electrification
Authors: Yun Hang , He Ren 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are widely applied to latest nanogenerators which are based on contact electrification (CE). In order to predict the working process of TENGs effectively, this paper proposes a dynamics model to simulate the dynamic mechanism of CE. Taking Fe and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as contact materials, the field emission under a strong electric field could occur when the interface distance is small enough. The transferred charges in steady state and the differences of interface barrier are calculated by self-consistent field (SCF) method. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is carried out under the contact pressure and electric field. The structure results of MD simulation and the electric fields obtained by SCF calculation are the input parameters for each other which run alternately. According to dynamic interface distances and the differences of interface barrier, the dynamic transferred charges can be finally predicted by tunnel current density. The results reveal that the amounts of transferred electrons are positively corresponded to the external pressure and the energy conversion efficiency will reach the extreme value when the pressure is near 130 MPa.
Amplification of Lamb-Wave Detection via Fiber Bragg Gratings Using Ultrasonic Horns
Authors: Wang Chia-Fu , Wee Junghyun , Peters Kara 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are often applied as Lamb wave detectors for structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. Analyzing the measured signal for the identification of structural damage requires a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) because of the low-amplitude Lamb waves. This paper applies a two-dimensional ultrasonic horn between the structure and a remotely bonded FBG sensor to increase the amplitudes of the measured signal. Experimentally we test a variety of ultrasonic geometries and demonstrate a 100% increase in the measured ultrasonic signal amplitude using a metallic ultrasonic horn with step-down geometry. A bonding procedure for the combined ultrasonic horn and optical fiber is also developed that produces repeatable signal measurements. For some horn geometries, an additional vibration signal at the Lamb wave excitation frequency is observed in the measurements. Laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) measurements and finite element analysis demonstrate that the signal is due to the natural vibration of the horn. The experimental results demonstrate that using an aluminum ultrasonic horn to focus wave is an excellent method to increase the sensitivity of the FBG to the small amplitude Lamb wave, provided the horn vibration characteristics are taken account in the design of the measurement system.
Wear of Ploughshare Material With Regards to the Temperature Distribution on the Rake Face When Used in Soil
Authors: Kostencki Piotr , Stawicki Tomasz , Królicka Aleksandra 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Ploughshares during ploughing are worn as a result of friction with the soil. This process is accompanied by their heating. It was hypothesized that the amount of heat emitted in a given area of a ploughshare's surface is associated with the intensity of tribological processes. Using thermovision measurements, the temperature distribution on the rake face of ploughshares during use in soil was determined. It was found that the interaction of soil and ploughshares led to an increase in the temperature of their material. The landslide parts of the ploughshares were subjected to greater heating than the trapezoidal parts. On the working surface of the landslide parts, it was found that the greater heating area corresponded to a larger loss of thickness.
Breaking the Reciprocity in Acoustic Metamaterials by Active Eigen-Structure Control Strategy
Authors: Baz A. 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
The theory governing breaking the reciprocity in acoustic metamaterials by using active eigen-structure control strategy is presented. Such theoretical foundation aims at demonstrating the ability of introducing controlled attenuation (or amplification) of the flow energy of acoustic waves along one particular propagation direction, in an acoustic metamaterial, while generating an amplification (or attenuation) when the propagation direction is reversed. This non-reciprocal transmission of the acoustic energy can be achieved in a flexible manner by just programming the metamaterial rather than by the alteration of the hard wiring of the components of the metamaterial. The developed theory is based on scaling and shaping the eigenvectors of the closed-loop system, relative to the open-loop system, to achieve any desirable attenuation or amplification patterns between various locations in the metamaterial during forward and backward propagations. Closed-form expressions are derived, using the linear control theory, for the transfer functions governing the transmission of waves between sources and receivers during forward and backward transmissions as a function of the eigenvector scaling parameters. These transfer functions clearly demonstrate the ability to break the reciprocity when the eigen-structure controller is used. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the merits and capabilities of the proposed approach in controlling the spatial distribution of the acoustic energy in one-dimensional acoustic ducts. During this entire process, the system remains behaving in a linear fashion. Generalization of the presented strategies to two-dimensional acoustic systems is a natural extension of the present work.
Physical Educators’ Qualifications and Instructional Practices Toward Students With Disabilities
Authors: Jung Jaehun , Case Layne , Logan Samuel W. , Yun Joonkoo 
Published: January 2022

The purposes of this study were (a) to investigate the prevalence of physical educators who report delivering high-quality instructional practices to students with disabilities and (b) to examine the relationships between teachers’ qualifications and the delivery of high-quality instructional practices. A secondary analysis using data from the School Health Policy and Practice Study 2014 data set was employed. The analytic sample included 256 physical educators who taught students with disabilities. Prevalence estimates of physical educators who reported using high-quality instructional practices were calculated. Two separate binary logistic regressions using weighted data were conducted to evaluate the relative contribution of (a) teacher qualifications and (b) educational degrees in accounting for differences in the use of high-quality instructional practices. Less than half of the sample reported using high-quality instructional practices. Considering the increasing prevalence of students with disabilities in general education classrooms, teacher education programs should prioritize providing teacher candidates with coursework that aligns with the expectations of physical educators who teach students with disabilities.
Whey Protein Supplementation Is Superior to Leucine-Matched Collagen Peptides to Increase Muscle Thickness During a 10-Week Resistance Training Program in Untrained Young Adults
Authors: Jacinto Jeferson L. , Nunes João P. , Gorissen Stefan H.M. , Capel Danila M.G. , Bernardes Andrea G. , Ribeiro Alex S. , Cyrino Edilson S. , Phillips Stuart M. , Aguiar Andreo F. 
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation of whey protein (WP) versus leucine-matched collagen peptides (CP) on muscle thickness MT and performance after a resistance training (RT) program in young adults. Twenty-two healthy untrained participants were randomly assigned to either a WP (n = 11) or leucine-matched CP (n = 11) group and then submitted to a supervised 10-week RT program (3 days/week). The groups were supplemented with an equivalent amount of WP (35 g, containing 3.0 g of leucine) and CP (35 g, containing 1.0 g of leucine and 2.0 g of free leucine) during the intervention period (after each workout and in the evening on nontraining days). MT of the vastus lateralis and biceps brachii, isokinetic peak torque and mean power output of the elbow flexors, and peak power output of the lower body were assessed before and after the RT program. The WP group experienced a greater (interaction, p < .05) increase in the vastus lateralis (effect size, WP = 0.68 vs. CP = 0.38; % Δ, WP = 8.4 ± 2.5 vs. CP = 5.6 ± 2.6%) and biceps brachii muscle thickness (effect size, WP = 0.61 vs. CP = 0.35; % , WP = 10.1 ± 3.8 vs. CP = 6.0 ± 3.2%), with a similar increase in muscle performance (peak torque, mean power output, and peak power output) between groups (time p < .05). Supplementation with WP was superior to leucine content-matched CP supplementation in increasing muscle size, but not strength and power, after a 10-week RT program in young adults.
Prescribing practices for presumptive TB among private general practitioners in South Africa: a cross-sectional, standardised patient study
Authors: Salomon Angela , Boffa Jody , Moyo Sizulu , Chikovore Jeremiah , Sulis Giorgia , Daniels Benjamin , Kwan Ada , Mkhombo Tsatsawani , Wu Sarah , Pai Madhukar , Daftary Amrita 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionMedicine prescribing practices are integral to quality of care for leading infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB). We describe prescribing practices in South Africa’s private health sector, where an estimated third of people with TB symptoms first seek care.MethodsSixteen standardised patients (SPs) presented one of three cases during unannounced visits to private general practitioners (GPs) in Durban and Cape Town: TB symptoms, HIV-positive; TB symptoms, a positive molecular test for TB, HIV-negative; and TB symptoms, history of incomplete TB treatment, HIV-positive. Prescribing practices were recorded in standardised exit interviews and analysed based on their potential to contribute to negative outcomes, including increased healthcare expenditures, antibiotic overuse or misuse, and TB diagnostic delay. Factors associated with antibiotic use were assessed using Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator.ResultsBetween August 2018 and July 2019, 511 SP visits were completed with 212 GPs. In 88.5% (95% CI 85.2% to 91.1%) of visits, at least one medicine (median 3) was dispensed or prescribed and most (93%) were directly dispensed. Antibiotics, which can contribute to TB diagnostic delay, were the most common medicine (76.5%, 95% CI 71.7% to 80.7% of all visits). A majority (86.1%, 95% CI 82.9% to 88.5%) belonged to the WHO Access group; fluoroquinolones made up 8.8% (95% CI 6.3% to 12.3%). Factors associated with antibiotic use included if the SP was asked to follow-up if symptoms persisted (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.25) and if the SP presented as HIV-positive (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.23). An injection was offered in 31.9% (95% CI 27.0% to 37.2%) of visits; 92% were unexplained. Most (61.8%, 95% CI 60.2% to 63.3%) medicines were not listed on the South African Primary Healthcare Essential Medicines List.ConclusionPrescribing practices among private GPs for persons presenting with TB-like symptoms in South Africa raise concern about inappropriate antimicrobial use, private healthcare costs and TB diagnostic delay.
Transforming the once-a-day pill for HIV prevention from medicine to empowering self-care using human-centred design in Zimbabwe
Authors: Harris Emily Lark , Shelley Katharine D , Sisimayi Thenjiwe , Wandie Catherine , Bruns Cal 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveFor adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa, oral tenofovir‐based pre‐exposure prophylaxis (commonly referred to as PrEP) provides a user-controlled HIV prevention method, critical to addressing their HIV risk and unmet prevention needs. Addressing the gap between clinical and real-world PrEP efficacy requires new approaches, such as ‘V’. ‘V’ reframes PrEP from medicine to self-care that is as easy to use as a young women’s favourite fashion or beauty brand. This article describes how human-centred design (HCD) was used to adapt the ‘V’ brand and service delivery strategy for implementation in Zimbabwe from its development via formative research in South Africa.MethodsFollowing literature review, stakeholder analysis and landscaping, the ‘V’ brand and service delivery strategy were assessed through participatory immersion sessions with 152 participants in four Zimbabwe districts. Insights were synthesised across learning questions: What do AGYW and health workers think about ‘V’?; Which of the ‘V’ materials are most acceptable and relevant for Zimbabwe?; What adaptations are necessary for the selected ‘V’ materials for Zimbabwe?; and How should the selected ‘V’ assets be integrated?ResultsThe ‘V’ innovative design principles—delightfully bold branding, a discreet starter kit and user-friendly materials that put young women in control of educating others—remained resonant. Feasible modifications were identified to adapt the ‘V’ brand and service delivery strategy to suit the local context.Conclusion‘V’ delivers a ‘delightfully discreet’ approach that puts AGYW in charge of preventing HIV. The resonance of the core ‘V’ design concepts demonstrates how HCD can be applied to reframe PrEP as a product category (ie, from a stigmatising medicine to empowering self-care).
Comparison of safety and usability between peristaltic and pneumatic large-volume intravenous smart pumps during actual clinical use
Authors: Penoyer Daleen , Giuliano Karen , Middleton Aurea 
Published: January 2022

ObjectiveTo describe and compare safety and usability between a peristaltic large-volume intravenous smart pump (IVSP) and a novel pneumatic large-volume IVSP during clinical use.MethodsA prospective, comparative study was conducted in a large, tertiary hospital in the southeastern USA. Safety and usability were measured by observation during medication administration (medication administration error, interruptions, programming time), dose error reduction system (DERS) compliance, end-user surveys and compliance with manufacturer setup requirements. Study implementation began on a small pilot unit for 1 month, followed by data collection on the study unit over 2 months.ResultsFor the observed medication administrations (N=158): 79 peristaltic (36 primary; 43 secondary) and 79 pneumatic (42 primary; 37 secondary), use of the peristaltic IVSP was associated with significantly (p<0.05) higher medication administration errors and programming time (11.9 s) and a significantly higher number of interruptions during programming.DERS compliance was significantly less (p<0.001) with the peristaltic (75.9%) as compared with the pneumatic IVSP (99.8%). Programming workload (National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index) was significantly (p=0.004) higher with peristaltic versus pneumatic IVSP, and the usability (System Usability Scale) was significantly (p=0.007) lower with peristaltic versus pneumatic IVSP. There was a 0% compliance with peristaltic secondary setup requirements in 43 observed infusions.ConclusionsThough nurses had a high level of experience with the peristaltic IVSP, results of this study support that the pneumatic IVSP was easier to use and associated with fewer errors and deviations from safe practices as compared with the peristaltic IVSP.
Efficacy of mirror therapy and virtual reality therapy in alleviating phantom limb pain: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Rajendram Christopher , Ken-Dror G , Han T , Sharma P 
Published: January 2022

IntroductionAmputations result from trauma, war, conflict, vascular diseases and cancer. Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a potentially debilitating form of chronic pain affecting around 100 million amputees across the world. Mirror therapy and virtual reality (VR) are two commonly used treatments, and we evaluated their respective success rates.MethodsA meta-analysis and systematic review was undertaken to investigate mirror therapy and VR in their ability to reduce pain levels. A mean difference (MD) model to compare group pain levels pretreatment and post-treatment via aggregating these results from numerous similar studies was employed. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan (V.5.4) and expressed in MD for visual analogue scale (VAS) score.ResultsA total of 15 studies met our search criteria; they consisted of eight mirror therapy with 214 participants and seven VR including 86 participants, totalling 300 participants. Mean age ranged from 36 to 63 years, 77% male, of which 61% were lower body amputees. Both led to a VAS reduction (mirror therapy mean reduction VAS score was 2.54, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.66; p<0.001; VR 2.24, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.20; p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in pain alleviation between mirror therapy and VR (p=0.69).ConclusionsMirror therapy and VR are both equally efficacious in alleviating PLP, but neither is more effective than the other. However, due to small sample size and limited number of studies, factors such as gender, cause of amputation, site of limb loss or length of time from amputation, which may influence treatment success, could not be explored.
Impact of full personal protective equipment on alertness of healthcare workers: a prospective study
Authors: Wells Helena Jane , Raithatha Meera , Elhag Sabba , Turner James , Osuri Pranav , Kannan Santhana 
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in healthcare workers (HCWs) having to wear full personal protective equipment (FPPE) even for routine patient care. When worn for prolonged periods, FPPE has the potential to adversely affect the ability of HCW to carry out their tasks. This study aimed to assess the impact of FPPE on the alertness levels of HCWs in the intensive care unit.Fifty HCWs were tested using psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) and serial sevens test (SST) on two occasions during their shift—once without FPPE and once after they had been in FPPE for at least 2 hours. The median time in FPPE was 2.5 hours. FPPE induced a significant increase in the average reaction time and the number of false responses in PVT. Subjects took longer to complete SST in FPPE compared with without it.This study demonstrates that being in FPPE for as little as 2.5 hours can adversely affect HCW alertness. The findings of this study are relevant in terms of workforce environment considerations as the use of FPPE in certain settings is likely to become a regular feature.
Digital Subtraction Angiography Image Features under the Deep Learning Algorithm in Cardiovascular Interventional Treatment and Nursing for Vascular Restenosis
Authors: Zhao Yuqin , Zeng Qingting , Li Jingjing , Jiang Xia 
Published: January 2022

The objective of this study was to explore the application value of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images optimized by deep learning algorithms in vascular restenosis patients undergoing cardiovascular intervention and their nursing efficacy. In this study, a network model for removing artifacts was constructed based on a deep algorithm. 60 patients with coronary artery restenosis were selected as the research objects, and they were randomly divided into the CTA group guided by CT angiography (CTA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) group, with 30 cases in each group. The antiartifact network model constructed based on the depth algorithm was applied to the images of CTA and DSA for experiments. After cardiovascular intervention and clinical pathway nursing intervention, it was found that the diameter stenosis rate in the DSA group decreased from

65.82
±
12.9
%

to

4.7
±
1.3
%

, and the area stenosis rate decreased from

88.4
±
14.3
%

to

5.4
±
1.7
%

. During the follow-up period of 3-24 months, 3 out of 46 lesions in the DSA group showed restenosis, so the restenosis rate was 6.5%, which was significantly lower than the 18.4% in the CTA group (

P
<
0.05

). In the DSA group, there was 1 case of bleeding, 0 case of hematoma, 2 cases of urinary retention, and 0 case of hypotension, so the total incidence of adverse reactions was 10%, which was significantly lower than the 30% of the CTA group (

P
<
0.05

). The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels of the two groups of patients were

3.58
±
2.02

mg
/
L

and

4.36
±
3.11

mg
/
L

before surgery and

3.49
±
2.18

mg
/
L

and

4.57
±
3.4

mg
/
L

after the surgery. The postoperative hs-CRP level in the CTA group was slightly lower than that before the surgery and the postoperative hs-CRP level in the DSA group was slightly higher than that before the surgery, but they were not statistically significant (

P
>
0.05

). The hs-CRP level of the DSA group before and after the surgery was slightly higher than that of the CTA group, but there was no significant difference (

P
>
0.05

). In summary, the network model based on the deep learning algorithm can remove the artifacts in DSA images and present high-quality clear images, and convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms had a strong ability to automatically learn features in the field of medical image processing and were worthy of being widely used and popularized. In addition, the DSA-guided intervention can reduce the rate of vascular stenosis in patients, showing low probability of postoperative restenosis and adverse reactions and a good clinical effect.
Effect of Arterial Stiffness and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression on the Risk of Dysglycemia, Insulin Resistance, and Dyslipidemia: a Temporal Causal Longitudinal Study
Authors: Agbaje Andrew O. , Barker Alan R. , Mitchell Gary F. , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka 
Published: January 2022

Background:
We investigated the temporal causal longitudinal associations of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) progression with the risk of dysglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia.

Methods:
We included 3862, 17.7-year-old, participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, followed up for 7 years. cfPWV, cIMT, and fasting plasma samples were repeatedly measured. We computed homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance and percent pancreatic beta-cell function. Data were analyzed using logistic regression, linear mixed-effect, and cross-lagged structural equation models.

Results:

A higher cfPWV at 17.7 years was associated with higher insulin at age 24.5 years (odds ratio, 1.25 [CI, 1.08–1.44];
P
=0.003), which slightly attenuated after covariates adjustment. Higher cIMT at 17.7 years was associated with lower insulin (odds ratio, 0.06 [0.01–0.95];
P
=0.046) at 24.5 years, after covariate adjustments. In mixed-effect models, the 7-year progression in cfPWV (predictor) was directly associated with the increase in triglyceride (outcome). cIMT progression was associated with the 7-year increase in LDL (low-density lipoprotein), triglyceride, and glucose. In cross-lagged models, higher cfPWV at 17.7 years was associated with higher insulin (
β
=0.06, SE, 0.12,
P
=0.014), HOMA of insulin resistance, and HOMA-percent pancreatic beta-cell function at 24.5 years. However, insulin, HOMA of insulin resistance, and HOMA-percent pancreatic beta-cell function at 17.7 years were not associated with cfPWV at 24.5 years. Higher cIMT at 17.7 years was associated with reduced insulin, HOMA of insulin resistance, and HOMA-percent pancreatic beta-cell function at 24.5 years, but not vice versa. Higher glucose at 17.7 years was associated with higher cfPWV and cIMT at 24.5 years only.

Conclusions:
Arterial stiffness in adolescence may be a causal risk factor for hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in young adulthood.