bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood neglect is associated with low affect and high stress in habitual alcohol drinkers
Authors: Peterson Hope , Laurienti Paul J. , Rejeski W. Jack , Fanning Jason , Gauvin Lise 
Published: November 2022

Objective: Adverse childhood experiences, ranging from childhood trauma to neglect or mistreatment, show associations with alcohol dependence in adulthood. Alcohol researchers have not yet clearly demonstrated the potential impact of childhood maltreatment on everyday drinking in alcohol consumers who do not have an alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study examined whether a history of childhood neglect results in differential ratings of stress, affect, and desire to drink, during typical alcohol consumption in moderate to heavy drinkers without an AUD.
Methods: The parent study from which these analyses were generated recruited overall healthy, albeit moderate to heavy alcohol users who fell above National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) classifications for low-risk drinking. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) responses were collected, and real-time surveys were collected in participants’ natural environments approximately every three hours between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. using iPhones equipped with a study-created application probing stress, affect, and desire for alcohol, while participants followed their typical drinking routine (3 days) and during a brief period of imposed abstinence (3 days).
Results: Thirty-six participants averaging 41 years of age and consuming an average of 17 (±5) drinks per week participated in this study. CTQ responses showed low prevalence of childhood abuse, but moderate to high emotional (M = 17.39, SD = 6.77) and physical neglect (M = 11.11, SD = 3.31) scores. Multilevel modeling revealed significantly higher stress and lower affect ratings among participants reporting higher physical neglect. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with decreased stress, and increased affect and desire for alcohol. A significant interaction showed that as childhood physical neglect ratings increased, the benefits observed following drinking (of decreased stress, and increased affect and desire for alcohol) were reduced.
Conclusions: These results suggest that moderate to heavy healthy daily drinkers with histories of greater childhood physical neglect experience poorer mood and higher stress on a daily basis, with smaller improvement experienced from drinking alcohol. Among moderate to heavy daily drinkers without an AUD, those with greater childhood physical neglect experience poorer mood and higher stress on a daily basis, and have smaller improvements in stress, affect and desire while/following drinking alcohol than those with less childhood physical neglect.
Voriconazole Associated Hypertension: A Case Report
Authors: Tuo Lin , Luo Tingting , Yang Xingxiang 
Published: November 2022

Objective: The study report a case of a young female with candida tropicalis and candida krusei infection who developed severe hypertension after she had repeated received voriconazole for few days.
Case Presentation: A 23-year-old female was admitted to hospital because of recurrent urinary tract infection. She underwent horseshoe nephrectomy, extracorporeal lithotripsy treatment and double J-tube placement in the past 5 years. After multiple surgeries, she developed recurring fungal urinary tract infections and underwent anti-infective treatment. Twenty days ago, the patient developed chills, fever, dizziness, fatigue, urinary tract irritation signs and bilateral low back pain. Urine culture suggests Candida croco (resistant to fluconazole). After taking antifungal therapy with voriconazole 300 mg q12h, the patient experienced an unexplained increased blood pressure and transient loss of consciousness.
The patient began to experience an increase in blood pressure (140-160/90-100 mmHg) on the second day of voriconazole treatment. After 5 days of taking voriconazole, the patient developed fatigue, dizziness and blurred vision with persistent hypertension (150/100 mmHg), and temporary loss of consciousness and syncope on day8, when blood pressure was measured at 175/95 mmHg.
Conclusion: This case illustrates that acute blood pressure elevation may manifest in patients taking normal doses of voriconazole, which deserves the attention of clinicians.
Development of a Clinical Risk Score Prediction Tool for 5-, 9-, and 13-Year Risk of Dementia
Authors: Ren Lina , Liang Junxian , Wan Feng , Wang Yongjun , Dai Xi-jian 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceAlthough researchers have devoted substantial efforts, money, and time to studying the causes of dementia and the means to prevent it, no effective treatment exists yet. Identifying preclinical risk factors of dementia could help prevent or delay its progression.ObjectiveTo develop a point risk score prediction model of dementia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study used a large UK population-based prospective cohort study conducted between March 13, 2006, and October 1, 2010. Data analysis was performed from June 7 to September 15, 2021. Individual analyses of time end points were concluded at the first dementia diagnosis during the follow-up period. The data were split into training and testing data sets to separately establish and validate a prediction model.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes of interest included 5-, 9-, and 13-year dementia risk. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify available and practical dementia predictors. A point risk score model was developed for the individual prediction of 5-, 9-, and 13-year dementia risk.ResultsA total of 502 505 participants were selected; the population after exclusions for missing data and dementia diagnosis at baseline was 444 695 (205 187 men; mean [SD] age, 56.74 [8.18] years; 239 508 women; mean [SD] age, 56.20 [8.01] years). Dementia occurrence during the 13 years of follow-up was 0.7% for men and 0.5% for women. The C statistic of the final multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was 0.86 for men and 0.85 for women in the training data set, and 0.85 for men and 0.87 for women in the testing data set. Men and women shared some modifiable risk and protective factors, but they also presented independent risk factors that accounted for 31.7% of men developing dementia and 53.35% of women developing dementia according to the weighted population-attributable fraction. The total point score of the risk score model ranged from −18 to 30 in men and −17 to 30 in women. The risk score model yielded nearly 100% prediction accuracy of 13-year dementia risk both in men and women.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this diagnostic study, a practical risk score tool was developed for individual prediction of dementia risk, which may help individuals identify their potential risk profile and provide guidance on precise and timely actions to promote dementia delay or prevention.
Optimal Timing of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
Authors: Shen Xianyue , Liu Tong , Xu Shenghao , Chen Bo , Tang Xiongfeng , Xiao Jianlin , Qin Yanguo 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceThe timing of surgery has been regarded as a key factor in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and early vs delayed ACLR remains a controversial topic.ObjectiveTo synthesize up-to-date published data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing early vs elective delayed ACLR for patients with ACL deficiency, in terms of clinical outcomes and complications.Data SourcesThe PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched until September 9, 2022.Study SelectionAll published RCTs comparing clinical and functional outcomes and complications associated with early ACLR vs elective delayed ACLR.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo reviewers independently extracted relevant data and assessed the methodological quality following the PRISMA guidelines.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDue to the clinical heterogeneity, the random-effects model was preferred. The primary outcomes were functional outcomes and complications. The Mantel-Haenszel test was used to evaluate dichotomous variables and the inverse variance method was used to assess continuous variables.ResultsThis meta-analysis included 972 participants in 11 RCTs stratified by follow-up duration. The following factors did not differ between early and delayed ACLR: operative time (mean difference, 4.97; 95% CI, −0.68 to 10.61; P = .08), retear (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.52-4.43; P = .44), and infection (OR, 3.80; 95% CI, 0.77-18.79; P = .10). There were also no differences between groups in range of motion, knee laxity, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC rating scale), and Tegner score. IKDC score (mean difference, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.89-3.66; P &amp;lt; .001), and Lysholm score at 2-year follow-up (mean difference, 2.61; 95% CI, 0.74-4.48; P = .006) significantly differed between early and delayed ACLR. In addition, the timing of surgery was redefined in the included RCTs and subgroup analyses were performed, which validated the robustness of the principal results.Conclusion and RelevanceThis systematic review and meta-analysis found that early ACLR was not superior to delayed ACLR in terms of most factors analyzed, except for IKDC and Lysholm scores. This information should be available to patients with ACL deficiency and clinicians as part of the shared decision-making process of treatment selection.
Perioperative Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Desai Aakash P. , Adashek Jacob J. , Reuss Joshua E. , West Howard (Jack) , Mansfield Aaron S. 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceAlthough cancer-related mortality continues to decline, lung cancer remains the No. 1 cause of cancer deaths in the US. Almost half of the patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are diagnosed with early-stage, local or regional disease and are at high risk of recurrence within 5 years of diagnosis.ObservationsImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved outcomes for patients with metastatic NSCLC and have recently been tested in multiple clinical trials to determine their efficacy in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting for patients with local or regional disease. The landscape for perioperative ICIs in lung cancer is evolving rapidly, with recently reported and soon to mature clinical trials; however, the recent data highlight the potential of ICIs to increase response rates and decrease rates of relapse in early stages of lung cancer. Concurrently, novel applications of cell-free DNA may guide perioperative management strategies.Conclusions and RelevanceThis article reviews the various approaches of incorporating perioperative use of immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of early stages of NSCLC.
Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Larynx Cancer in the US
Authors: Divakar Prashanthi , Davies Louise 
Published: November 2022

ImportanceLarynx cancer is associated with considerable morbidity for patients and has a high mortality rate. Historical analyses showed that the incidence of larynx cancer was decreasing but the mortality was not similarly improving.ObjectiveTo assess whether incidence and mortality trends in larynx cancer in the US have improved.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used population-based data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program database for patients older than 18 years who were diagnosed with laryngeal cancer between January 1, 1986, and December 31, 2018. Data were analyzed from May 1, 2021, to May 31, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were incidence and mortality of larynx cancer by sex, subsite, and patterns of surgical treatment.ResultsAmong 40 850 US patients with larynx cancer diagnosed from 1986 to 2018 (80.4% male), the incidence of larynx cancer decreased 55% from 5.00 per 100 000 people (95% CI, 4.70-5.32 per 100 000 people) to 2.26 per 100 000 people (95% CI, 2.11-2.42 per 100 000 people). During the same period, mortality decreased only 43% from 1.59 per 100 000 people (95% CI, 1.53-1.64 per 100 000 people) to 0.89 per 100 000 people (95% CI, 0.86-0.92 per 100 000 people). This corresponds to a 25% relative increase in case-fatality rate. Examination by stage showed a decrease in the incidence of localized disease at diagnosis of 40% from 2.65 per 100 000 people (95% CI, 2.44-2.89 per 100 000 people) to 1.60 per 100 000 people (95% CI, 1.45-1.76 per 100 000 people) from 1986 to 2002 and of 45% from 2.15 per 100 000 people (95% CI, 1.98-2.34 per 100 000 people) to 1.19 per 100 000 people (95% CI, 1.08-1.31 per 100 000 people) from 2005 to 2018. Distribution of larynx cancer by subsite remained stable, with most cases affecting the glottis. The proportion of patients receiving surgery as their first course of treatment decreased regardless of stage at presentation.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, between 1986 and 2018, the incidence of larynx cancer decreased in the US, primarily because of the decrease in the incidence of localized disease. Mortality did not decrease similarly, resulting in an increased case-fatality rate overall. Encouraging earlier referrals for cancer concern, focusing resources where larynx cancer rates remain highest, renewing attention to research on new biologic causes of different tumor biologic characteristics, and conducting trials to directly compare treatments may help reverse this trend.
Harmonizing results of ataxia rating scales: mFARS, SARA, and ICARS
Authors: Rummey Christian , Harding Ian H. , Delatycki Martin B. , Tai Geneieve , Rezende Thiago , Corben Louise A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe ever‐increasing body of ataxia research provides opportunities for large‐scale meta‐analyses, systematic reviews, and data aggregation. Because multiple standardized scales are used to quantify ataxia severity, harmonization of these measures is necessary for quantitative data pooling. We applied the modified Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale (mFARS), the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), and the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) to a large cohort of people with Friedreich's ataxia. We provide regression coefficients for scale interconversion and discuss the reliability of this approach, together with insights into the differential sensitivities of mFARS and SARA to disease progression.
Surface Charge Modification on 2D Nanofluidic Membrane for Regulating Ion Transport
Authors: Xie Linhan , Tang Jiadong , Qin Runan , Zhang Qianqian , Liu Jingbing , Jin Yuhong , Wang Hao 
Published: November 2022

Abstract2D nanofluidic membranes are capable of regulating ion transport toward various applications concerning energy and environment, which is primarily contributed by the excess charge on the interior surface of narrow nanoscale pores. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive summaries and discussions on the surface charge modification principles and strategies of 2D nanofluidic membranes, as well as the practical applications of charge‐modified 2D nanofluidic membranes for regulating ion transport. In this review, the surface charge modification principles and charge modification methods of 2D nanofluidic membranes are first introduced in detail, which is of great significance for improving the ion regulation capability of membranes and realizing the design of nanochannel materials. Next, recent advances in the two typical applications of concentration cells and water treatment based on charge‐modified 2D nanofluidic membranes are summarized. Finally, some challenges and prospects related to charge‐modified 2D nanofluidic membranes are discussed to indicate directions for future research in this field. It is anticipated that this review will provide valuable strategies for the development of high‐performance charge‐modified 2D nanofluidic membranes toward energy and environment applications.
Probabilistic Neural Computing with Stochastic Devices
Authors: Misra Shashank , Bland Leslie C. , Cardwell Suma G. , Incorvia Jean Anne C. , James Conrad D. , Kent Andrew D. , Schuman Catherine D. , Smith J. Darby , Aimone James B. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe brain has effectively proven a powerful inspiration for the development of computing architectures in which processing is tightly integrated with memory, communication is event‐driven, and analog computation can be performed at scale. These neuromorphic systems increasingly show an ability to improve the efficiency and speed of scientific computing and artificial intelligence applications. Herein, it is proposed that the brain's ubiquitous stochasticity represents an additional source of inspiration for expanding the reach of neuromorphic computing to probabilistic applications. To date, many efforts exploring probabilistic computing have focused primarily on one scale of the microelectronics stack, such as implementing probabilistic algorithms on deterministic hardware or developing probabilistic devices and circuits with the expectation that they will be leveraged by eventual probabilistic architectures. A co‐design vision is described by which large numbers of devices, such as magnetic tunnel junctions and tunnel diodes, can be operated in a stochastic regime and incorporated into a scalable neuromorphic architecture that can impact a number of probabilistic computing applications, such as Monte Carlo simulations and Bayesian neural networks. Finally, a framework is presented to categorize increasingly advanced hardware‐based probabilistic computing technologies.
Tethered Small‐Molecule Acceptors Simultaneously Enhance the Efficiency and Stability of Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Li Shangyu , Zhang Rui , Zhang Ming , Yao Jia , Peng Zhengxing , Chen Qi , Zhang Cen , Chang Bowen , Bai Yang , Fu Hongyuan , Ouyang Yanni , Zhang Chunfeng , Steele Julian A. , Alshahrani Thamraa , Roeffaers Maarten B.J. , Solano Eduardo , Meng Lei , Gao Feng , Li Yongfang , Zhang Zhi‐Guo 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor polymer solar cells (PSCs), the mixture of polymer donors and small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs) is fine‐tuned to realize a favorable kinetically trapped morphology and thus a commercially viable device efficiency. However, the thermodynamic relaxation of the mixed domains within the blend raises concerns related to the long‐term operational stability of the devices, especially in the record‐holding Y‐series SMAs. Here, a new class of dimeric Y6‐based SMAs tethered with differential flexible spacers is reported to regulate their aggregation and relaxation behavior. In their polymer blends with PM6, it is found that they favor an improved structural order relative to that of Y6 counterpart. Most importantly, the tethered SMAs show large glass transition temperatures to suppress the thermodynamic relaxation in mixed domains. For the high‐performing dimeric blend, an unprecedented open circuit voltage of 0.87 V is realized with a conversion efficiency of 17.85%, while those of regular Y6‐base devices only reach 0.84 V and 16.93%, respectively. Most importantly, the dimer‐based device possesses substantially reduced burn‐in efficiency loss, retaining more than 80% of the initial efficiency after operating at the maximum power point under continuous illumination for 700 h. The tethering approach provides a new direction to develop PSCs with high efficiency and excellent operating stability.
Low‐Voltage Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Transistor Amplifiers for Ultrasensitive Electrophysiological Signal Detection
Authors: Liu Kai , Wang Chengyu , Liu Bowen , Bian Yangshuang , Kuang Junhua , Hou Yangkun , Pan Zhichao , Liu Guocai , Huang Xin , Zhu Zhiheng , Qin Mingcong , Zhao Zhiyuan , Jiang Chen , Liu Yunqi , Guo Yunlong 
Published: November 2022

AbstractStretchability is a prerequisite for electronic skin devices. However, state‐of‐the‐art stretchable thin‐film transistors do not possess sufficiently low operating voltages and good stability, significantly limiting their use in real‐world biomedical applications. Herein, a van der Waals‐controlling elastomer/carbon quantum dot interfacial polarization methodology is proposed to form a hybrid polymer dielectric with 620% tensile strain and large‐area film uniformity (>A4 paper size). Using the hybrid polymer dielectrics, the prepared intrinsically stretchable organic thin‐film transistors demonstrate a low operating voltage below 5 V, 100% strain tolerance, and excellent operational stability, as well as a high on‐current/off‐current ratio of 105 and a steep subthreshold slope of 500 mV dec−1. Based on this device technology, an amplifier with a high gain of 90 V V−1 among the highest values of reported stretchable transistors is realized. This amplifier is at the first time applied to detect human electrophysical signals with an output signal amplitude of over 0.2 V, which even outperforms other types of the state‐of‐the‐art organic amplifiers for human electrophysiology monitoring. This stretchable device technology sufficiently meets the safety and portability requirements of wearable biomedical applications, opening a new opportunity to e‐skin with signal control and amplification capabilities.
Mechanical Janus Structures by Soft–Hard Material Integration
Authors: Zhang Haozhe , Yang Weizhu , Liu Qingchang , Gao Yuan , Yue Zhufeng , Xu Baoxing 
Published: November 2022

AbstractEngineering Janus structures that possess anisotropic features in functions have attracted growing attention for a wide range of applications in sensors, catalysis, and biomedicine, and are yet usually designed at the nanoscale with distinct physical or chemical functionalities in their opposite sides. Inspired by the seamless integration of soft and hard materials in biological structures, here a mechanical Janus structure composed of soft and hard materials with a dramatic difference in mechanical properties at an additively manufacturable macroscale is presented. In the combination of extensive experimental, theoretical, and computational studies, the design principle of soft–hard materials integrated mechanical Janus structures is established and their unique rotation mechanism is addressed. The systematic studies of assembling the Janus structure units into superstructures with well‐ordered organizations by programming the local rotations are further shown, providing a direct route of designing superstructures by leveraging mechanical Janus structures with unique soft–hard material integration. Applications are conducted to demonstrate the features and functionalities of assembled superstructures with local ordered organizations in regulating and filtering acoustic wave propagations, thereby providing exemplification applications of mechanical Janus design in functional structures and devices.