bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic efficiency under visible light of a novel Cu–Fe oxide composite films prepared by one-step sparking process
Authors: Panthawan Arisara , Jumrus Nidchamon , Sanmuangmoon Panupong , Thongpan Winai , Kumpika Tewasin , Sroila Wattikon , Kantarak Ekkapong , Tuantranont Adisorn , Singjai Pisith , Thongsuwan Wiradej 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCopper–iron (Cu–Fe) oxide composite films were successfully deposited on quartz substrate by a facile sparking process. The nanoparticles were deposited on the substrate after sparking off the Fe and Cu tips with different ratios and were then annealed at different temperatures. The network particles were observed after annealing the film at 700 °C. Meanwhile, XRD, XPS and SAED patterns of the annealed films at 700 °C consisted of a mixed phase of CuO, γ-Fe2O3, CuFe2O4 and CuFe2O. The film with the lowest energy band gap (Eg) of 2.56 eV was observed after annealing at 700 °C. Interestingly, the optimum ratio and annealing temperature show the photocatalytic activity under visible light higher than 20% and 30% compare with the annealed TiO2 at 500 and 700 °C, respectively. This is a novel photocatalyst which can be replaced TiO2 for photocatalytic applications in the future.
Population genomics of Sitka black-tailed deer supports invasive species management and ecological restoration on islands
Authors: Burgess Brock T. , Irvine Robyn L. , Russello Michael A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInvasive mammals represent a critical threat to island biodiversity; eradications can result in ecological restoration yet may fail in the absence of key population parameters. Over-browsing by invasive Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) is causing severe ecological and cultural impacts across the Haida Gwaii archipelago (Canada). Previous eradication attempts demonstrate forest regeneration upon deer removal, but reinvasion reverses conservation gains. Here we use restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (12,947 SNPs) to investigate connectivity and gene flow of invasive deer (n = 181) across 15 islands, revealing little structure throughout Haida Gwaii and identifying the large, central island of Moresby (>2600 km2) as the greatest source of migrants. As a result, the archipelago itself should be considered the primary eradication unit, with the exception of geographically isolated islands like SGang Gwaay. Thus, limiting eradications to isolated islands combined with controlled culling and enhanced biosecurity may be the most effective strategies for achieving ecological restoration goals.
Unsupervised machine learning reveals slab hydration variations from deep earthquake distributions beneath the northwest Pacific
Authors: Mao Gilbert L. , Ferrand Thomas P. , Li Jiaqi , Zhu Brian , Xi Ziyi , Chen Min 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough transformational faulting in the rim of the metastable olivine wedge is hypothesized as a triggering mechanism of deep-focus earthquakes, there is no direct evidence of such rim. Variations of thebvalue – slope of the Gutenberg-Richter distribution – have been used to decipher triggering and rupture mechanisms of deep earthquakes. However, detection limits prevent full understanding of these mechanisms. Using the Japan Meteorological Agency catalog, we estimatebvalues of deep earthquakes in the northwestern Pacific Plate, clustered in four regions with unsupervised machine learning. Theb-value analysis of Honshu and Izu deep seismicity reveals a kink at magnitude 3.7–3.8, where thebvalue abruptly changes from 1.4–1.7 to 0.6–0.7. The anomalously highbvalues for small earthquakes highlight enhanced transformational faulting, likely catalyzed by deep hydrous defects coinciding with the unstable rim of the metastable olivine wedge, the thickness of which we estimate at$$\sim$$~1 km.
Prospective multicentre head-to-head validation of host blood transcriptomic biomarkers for pulmonary tuberculosis by real-time PCR
Authors: Mendelsohn Simon C. , Mbandi Stanley Kimbung , Fiore-Gartland Andrew , Penn-Nicholson Adam , Musvosvi Munyaradzi , Mulenga Humphrey , Fisher Michelle , Hadley Katie , Erasmus Mzwandile , Nombida Onke , Tameris Michèle , Walzl Gerhard , Naidoo Kogieleum , Churchyard Gavin , Hatherill Mark , Scriba Thomas J. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundSensitive point-of-care screening tests are urgently needed to identify individuals at highest risk of tuberculosis. We prospectively tested performance of host-blood transcriptomic tuberculosis signatures.MethodsAdults without suspicion of tuberculosis were recruited from five endemic South African communities. Eight parsimonious host-blood transcriptomic tuberculosis signatures were measured by microfluidic RT-qPCR at enrolment. Upper respiratory swab specimens were tested with a multiplex bacterial-viral RT-qPCR panel in a subset of participants. Diagnostic and prognostic performance for microbiologically confirmed prevalent and incident pulmonary tuberculosis was tested in all participants at baseline and during active surveillance through 15 months follow-up, respectively.ResultsAmong 20,207 HIV-uninfected and 963 HIV-infected adults screened; 2923 and 861 were enroled. There were 61 HIV-uninfected (weighted prevalence 1.1%) and 10 HIV-infected (prevalence 1.2%) tuberculosis cases at baseline. Parsimonious signature diagnostic performance was superior among symptomatic (AUCs 0.85–0.98) as compared to asymptomatic (AUCs 0.61–0.78) HIV-uninfected participants. Thereafter, 24 HIV-uninfected and 9 HIV-infected participants progressed to incident tuberculosis (1.1 and 1.0 per 100 person-years, respectively). Among HIV-uninfected individuals, prognostic performance for incident tuberculosis occurring within 6–12 months was higher relative to 15 months. 1000 HIV-uninfected participants were tested for respiratory microorganisms and 413 HIV-infected for HIV plasma viral load; 7/8 signature scores were higher (p < 0.05) in participants with viral respiratory infections or detectable HIV viraemia than those without.ConclusionsSeveral parsimonious tuberculosis transcriptomic signatures met triage test targets among symptomatic participants, and incipient test targets within 6 months. However, the signatures were upregulated with viral infection and offered poor specificity for diagnosing sub-clinical tuberculosis.
Case study: Perspectives on the use of LEGO® bricks in the biochemistry classroom
Authors: Austin Shane , Millar Crystal-Ann , Christmas Sherena 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
The use of LEGO® bricks in the higher education classroom has increased in the last two decades. This is no different in the STEM classroom and several disciplines, including physics, chemistry, and biology, have all made use of LEGO® bricks in some way to create models for active learning activities. Currently, the discipline to make the greatest use of LEGO® bricks is chemistry; only limited examples exist in biochemistry and the molecular life sciences. Here, we present the use of a LEGO® brick modelling activity in the introductory biochemistry classroom during the teaching of metabolism. We present student comments on the activity and the models that were generated by the students. Additionally, we focus on other instructor and project student-designed models for the teaching of ATP synthesis, gene regulation and restriction digestion. Interestingly, both the gene regulation and restriction digest activities were generated with the help of undergraduate students or recent graduates, by applying a backward design approach. This case study seeks to encourage more molecular life science educators to adopt the use of LEGO® bricks in their classrooms to engage in more active learning.
Bayesian‐MLE signal detection for multi‐antenna ambient backscatter communication
Authors: Jing Feng , Zhang Hailin , Gao Mei , Xue Bin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMulti‐antenna signal detection is one of the most critical and challenging issues for ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) systems. This paper proposes an efficient multi‐antenna AmBC signal detection method, called Bayesian‐MLE (maximum likelihood estimation). It shows good performance on high transmission rate, detection accuracy and low energy consumption. Particularly, a practical multi‐antenna AmBC system model is developed to offer transmit‐receive diversity, and then an efficient multi‐antenna AmBC signal detection method is presented using Bayesian optimization and MLE theory. Furthermore, to maximize the detection performance, an optimal detection threshold selection scheme is developed. Particularly, a non‐central chi‐square distribution conditional probability density function (PDF) is considered instead of the conventional Gaussian PDF. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments are performed, showing that the proposed Bayesian‐MLE detector achieves the state‐of‐the‐art signal detection performance.
New fully automatic approach for tissue identification in histopathological examinations using transfer learning
Authors: Xu Yongzhao , dos Santos Matheus A. , F. Souza Luís Fabrício , Marques Adriell G. , Zhang Lijuan , da Costa Nascimento José Jerovane , de Albuquerque Victor Hugo C. , Rebouças Filho Pedro P. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe use of computational techniques in the processing of histopathological images allows the study of the structural organization of tissues and their changes through diseases. This study aims to develop a tool for classifying histopathological images from breast lesions in the benign and malignant classes through magnification scales by an innovative way of using transfer learning techniques combined with machine learning methods and deep learning. The BreakHis dataset was used in the experiments, consisting of histopathological images of breast cancer with different tumor enlargement scales classified as Malignant or Benign. In this study, various combinations of Extractor‐Classifiers were performed, thus seeking to compare the best model. Among the results achieved, the best Extractor‐Classifier set formed was CNN DenseNet201, acting as an extractor, with the SVM RBF classifier, obtaining accuracy of 95.39% and precision of 95.43% for the 200X magnification factor. Different models were generated, compared to each other, and validated based on methods in the literature to validate the experiments, thus showing the effectiveness of the proposed model. The proposed method obtained satisfactory results, reaching results in the state‐of‐the‐art for the multi‐classification of subclasses from the different scale factors found in the BreakHis dataset and obtaining better results in the classification time.
Forming Planets Around Stars With Non-Solar Elemental Composition
Authors: Jorge D. M. , Kamp I. E. E. , Waters L. B. F. M. , Woitke P. , Spaargaren R. J. 
Published: March 2022

Context. Stars in the solar neighbourhood have refractory element ratios slightly different from that of the Sun. It is unclear how much the condensation of solids and thus the composition of planets forming around these stars is affected.
Aims. We aim to understand the impact of changing the ratios of the refractory elements Mg, Si, and Fe within the range observed in solar-type stars within 150 pc of the Sun on the composition of planets forming around them.
Methods. We use the GGchem code to simulate the condensation of solids in protoplanetary disks with a minimum mass solar nebula around main sequence G-type stars in the solar neighbourhood. We extract the stellar elemental composition from the Hypatia Database.
Results. We find that a lower Mg/Si ratio shifts the condensation sequence from forsterite (Mg2SiO4) and SiO to enstatite (MgSiO3) and quartz (SiO2); a lower Fe/S ratio leads to the formation of FeS and FeS2 and few or no Fe-bearing silicates. Ratios of refractory elements translate directly from the gas phase to the condensed phase for T < 1000 K. However, ratios with respect to volatile elements (e.g. oxygen and sulphur) in the condensates – the building blocks of planets – differ from the original stellar composition.
Conclusions. Our study shows that the composition of planets crucially depends on the abundances of the stellar system under investigation. Our results can have important implications for planet interiors, which depend strongly on the degree of oxidation and the sulphur abundance.
The effects of driving time scales on coronal heating in a stratified atmosphere
Authors: Howson T. A. , De Moortel I. 
Published: March 2022

Aims. We investigate the atmospheric response to coronal heating driven by random velocity fields with different characteristic time scales and amplitudes.
Methods. We conducted a series of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of random driving imposed on a gravitationally stratified model of the solar atmosphere. In order to understand differences between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) heating, we considered the effects of changing the characteristic time scales of the imposed velocities. We also investigated the effects of the magnitude of the velocity driving.
Results. In all cases, complex foot point motions lead to a proliferation of current sheets and energy dissipation throughout the coronal volume. For a given driving amplitude, DC driving typically leads to a greater rate of energy injection when compared to AC driving. This ultimately leads to the formation of larger currents, increased heating rates, and higher coronal temperatures in DC simulations. There is no difference in the spatial distribution of energy dissipation across simulations; however, energy release events in AC cases tend to be more frequent and last for less time than in DC cases. This results in more asymmetric temperature profiles for field lines heated by AC drivers. Higher velocity driving is associated with larger currents, higher temperatures, and the corona occupying a larger fraction of the simulation volume. In all cases, the majority of heating is associated with small energy release events, which occur much more frequently than larger events.
Conclusions. When combined with observational results that highlight a greater abundance of oscillatory power in lower frequency modes, these findings suggest that energy release in the corona is more likely to be driven by longer time scale motions. In the corona, AC and DC driving occur concurrently and their effects remain difficult to isolate. The distribution of field line temperatures and the asymmetry of temperature profiles may reveal the frequency and longevity of energy release events and therefore the relative importance of AC and DC heating.
What should we do about Coronary Calcification on Thoracic CT?
Authors: Llewellyn Oliver , Williams Michelle C. 
Published: March 2022

Purpose Coronary artery calcification is a frequent incidental finding on thoracic computed tomography (CT) performed for non-cardiac indications. On electrocardiogram-gated cardiac CT, it is an established marker of coronary artery disease and is associated with increased risk of subsequent cardiac events.
Materials and Methods This review discusses the current evidence and guidelines regarding the reporting of coronary artery calcification on non-electrocardiogram-gated thoracic CT performed for non-cardiac indications.
Results For patients undergoing routine thoracic CT, coronary artery calcification is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and mortality. Coronary artery calcification can be accurately assessed on non-gated thoracic CT compared to gated CT. Guidelines support the reporting of coronary artery calcification on thoracic CT. However, radiologist opinions vary. The identification of coronary artery calcification on thoracic CT may identify patients with previously unknown coronary artery disease. For asymptomatic patients this may trigger an assessment of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and guide the appropriate use of preventative medications.
Conclusion Future research will address whether changing management based on calcification on thoracic CT will improve outcomes and automated assessment of calcification using machine learning techniques.
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Citation Format
Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones with N-Methoxyamides as Synthesis Reagents
Authors: Li Bao , Zhao Yingsheng , Zhou Guanyu , Huang Zhibin , Xu Xu , Fang Zhang , Huang Pengcheng , Deng Zefeng 
Published: March 2022

AbstractA practical method to synthesize quinoxalinones via intra/intermolecular amination using rhodium as the catalyst was developed. A wide variety of quinoxalinones were prepared from N-methoxybenzamides in moderate to excellent yields. Gram-scale reactions were also achieved, highlighting the synthetic importance of this new transformation.
Comparison of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Cystic Fibrosis
Patients With or Without Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency
Authors: Rakotoarisoa Luc , Weiss Laurence , Lefebvre François , Porzio Michele , Ravoninjatovo Bruno , Abely Michel , Boucher Isabelle Danner , Dubois Séverine , Troussier Françoise , Gilles Rault , Prevotat Anne , Kessler Laurence 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to compare continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in cystic
fibrosis (CF) according to pancreatic exocrine status.CGM and oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) were realized annually over five
years in people with CF (pwCF) aged≥10 years without cystic
fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD). CGM parameters in patients with normal glucose
tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and newly diagnosed CFRD were
compared according to presence of pancreatic sufficiency (PS) or insufficiency
(PI).Overall, 547 OGTTs and 501 CGMs were performed in 147 CF patients, comprising 122
PI and 25 PS. In PS patients, 84% displayed NGT, 12% IGT, and
4% CFRD vs. 58%, 32%, and 10% (p=0.05)
in PI. Among participants displaying normal OGTT, time in glucose range
(70–140 mg/dl) was significantly increased, 97%
(93, 99) vs. 92% (85, 96), p<0.001, and time above glucose range
> 140 mg/dl significantly decreased, 1%
(0, 2) % vs. 6% (2, 13), in patients with PS compared to those
with PI. No significant differences were highlighted in patients with IGT.CGM revealed significant different glucose tolerance abnormalities in PI versus
PS, which were undetected by standard 2-hour OGTT glucose.
Barriers and Benefits of Information Communication Technologies Used by Health Care Aides
Authors: Perez Hector , Neubauer Noelannah , Marshall Samantha , Philip Serrina , Miguel-Cruz Antonio , Liu Lili 
Published: March 2022

Abstract
Background Although information and communication technologies (ICT) are becoming more common among health care providers, there is little evidence on how ICT can support health care aides. Health care aides, also known as personal care workers, are unlicensed service providers who encompass the second largest workforce, next to nurses, that provide care to older adults in Canada.
Objective The purpose of this literature review is to examine the range and extent of barriers and benefits of ICT used by health care workers to manage and coordinate the care-delivery workflow for their clients.
Methods We conducted a literature review to examine the range and extent of ICT used by health care aides to manage and coordinate their care delivery, workflow, and activities. We identified 8,958 studies of which 40 were included for descriptive analyses.
Results We distinguished the following five different purposes for the use and implementation of ICT by health care aides: (1) improve everyday work, (2) access electronic health records for home care, (3) facilitate client assessment and care planning, (4) enhance communication, and (5) provide care remotely. We identified 128 barriers and 130 benefits related to adopting ICT. Most of the barriers referred to incomplete hardware and software features, time-consuming ICT adoption, heavy or increased workloads, perceived lack of usefulness of ICT, cost or budget restrictions, security and privacy concerns, and lack of integration with technologies. The benefits for health care aides' adoption of ICT were improvements in communication, support to workflows and processes, improvements in resource planning and health care aides' services, and improvements in access to information and documentation.
Conclusion Health care aides are an essential part of the health care system. They provide one-on-one care to their clients in everyday tasks. Despite the scarce information related to health care aides, we identified many benefits of ICT adoption.
Response time to an SMS link for a sexual health survey
Authors: Chow Eric P. F. , Fairley Christopher K. , Fehler Glenda , Afrizal Afrizal , Ong Jason J. , Phillips Tiffany R. 
Published: March 2022

In November 2021, clients attending the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre were invited to participate in the Annual Client Satisfaction Survey by receiving an SMS link at 5:15 pm on the day they attended the clinic. We analysed the response time data and found that most (60%; 168/278) individuals responded to the survey during the time period 5:00–5:59 pm, which was around the time when they received the SMS. We concluded that individuals responded quickly to the survey via an SMS link.
Molten globule–like transition state of protein barnase measured with calorimetric force spectroscopy
Authors: Rico-Pasto Marc , Zaltron Annamaria , Davis Sebastian J. , Frutos Silvia , Ritort Felix 
Published: March 2022

Significance
Understanding the molecular forces driving the unfolded polypeptide chain to self-assemble into a functional native structure remains an open question. However, identifying the states visited during protein folding (e.g., the transition state between the unfolded and native states) is tricky due to their transient nature. Here, we introduce calorimetric force spectroscopy in a temperature jump optical trap to determine the enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity of the transition state of protein barnase. We find that the transition state has the properties of a dry molten globule, that is, high free energy and low configurational entropy, being structurally similar to the native state. This experimental single-molecule study characterizes the thermodynamic properties of the transition state in funneled energy landscapes.
Dopamine D2 receptor signaling in the brain modulates circadian liver metabolomic profiles
Authors: Cervantes Marlene , Lewis Robert G. , Della-Fazia Maria Agnese , Borrelli Emiliana , Sassone-Corsi Paolo 
Published: March 2022

Significance
We analyzed the liver metabolome of mice deficient in the expression of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) in striatal medium spiny neurons (iMSN-D2RKO) and found profound changes in the liver circadian metabolome compared to control mice. Additionally, we show activation of dopaminergic circuits by acute cocaine administration in iMSN-D2RKO mice reprograms the circadian liver metabolome in response to cocaine. D2R signaling in MSNs is key for striatal output and essential for regulating the first response to the cellular and rewarding effects of cocaine. Our results suggest changes in dopamine signaling in specific striatal neurons evoke major changes in liver physiology. Dysregulation of liver metabolism could contribute to an altered allostatic state and therefore be involved in continued use of drugs.