bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning of the Stretchability and Charge Transport of Bis‐Diketopyrrolopyrrole and Carbazole‐Based Thermoplastic Soft Semiconductors by Modulating Soft Segment Contents
Authors: Ji Dongseob , Yoon Su Yeol , Jeon Seungju , Go Ji‐Young , Byeon Gwon , Choi Jae Ook , Min Jiwoo , Kim Yejin , Hwang Do‐Hoon , Cho Kilwon , Lim Bogyu , Noh Yong‐Young 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolymer semiconductors are promising materials for stretchable, wearable, and implantable devices due to their intrinsic flexibility, facile functionalization, and solution processability at low temperatures. However, the crystalline domain of the conjugated structure for high charge carrier mobility in semiconducting polymers exhibits lower stretchability than that of the semi‐crystalline or amorphous domains. Herein, a set of thermoplastic soft semiconductors is synthesized with different ratios of diketopyrrolopyrrole–carbazole–diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP‐Cz‐DPP)‐based hard segments and thiophene‐based aliphatic soft segments, having the similar structure of thermoplastic elastomers. The polymers exhibit decreased glassy temperatures with the increased content of the soft segments. The polymers show high crystallinity after copolymerization with a large‐sized DPP‐Cz‐DPP core and non‐conjugated segments due to an aggregation property of the conjugated core, still possessing a semi‐crystalline domain after annealing. The polymer films exhibit stretchability under strains of up to 60%. Organic field‐effect transistors fabricated using stretchable polymers show a mobility range of 0.125–0.005 cm2 V−1 s−1 with different proportions of the soft segment. The stretchability is improved significantly and the mobilities are decreased less when the content of the soft segment is increased. Therefore, this study presents a design principle for the development of a high‐performance stretchable semiconducting polymer.
Heterometallic Porphyrin Conjugated Polymer Thin Films—A Gas‐Phase Approach for the Engineering of New Fused Porphyrin Systems
Authors: Pellegrino Anna Lucia , Bengasi Giuseppe , Baba Kamal , Cardenas‐Morcoso Drialys , Bansal Deepak , Malandrino Graziella , Boscher Nicolas D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor the first time, the simultaneous synthesis and deposition of heterometallic porphyrin conjugated polymer thin films from a simple and scalable gas‐phase approach are reported. The oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) reaction of 5,15‐(diaryl) porphyrins chelated with different metal cations (M = Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Pd(II)) readily yields the formation of new hetero‐metalated fused porphyrin tapes, such as evidenced by in‐depth high‐resolution mass spectrometry studies. The impact of the coreactants on the regioselectivity of the intermolecular dehydrogenative coupling reaction and the formation of double or triple bonds between the porphyrin units is demonstrated. The oCVD reaction of multiple porphyrins brings the possibility to easily engineer the chemical features and the electronic and optoelectronic properties of these highly conjugated porphyrin polymers. Particularly, it is demonstrated that porphyrin conjugated polymers having different chelated metal cations can achieve higher electrical conductivities and promote narrower bandgaps. The gas‐phase approach presented herein overcomes the main limitations of the conventional solution‐based approaches and opens the path to the engineering of a novel class donor–acceptor heterometallic polymers with high interest in several fields including multimetallic electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, sensing, and nonlinear optics applications.
Gaseous Catalyst Assisted Growth of Graphene on Silicon Carbide for Quantum Hall Resistance Standard Device
Authors: Chen Lingxiu , Wang HuiShan , Kong Ziqiang , Zhai Changwei , Wang Xiujun , Wang Yibo , Liu Zhengtai , Jiang Chengxin , Chen Chen , Shen Dawei , Chen Xipin , Zhu Yuxuan , Bao Wenzhong , Yang Zhenyu , Lu Yunfeng , Wang Haomin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDirect growth of graphene on silicon carbide (SiC) is a very promising method for preparing high‐quality graphene. However, high quality single crystal epitaxial graphene films on SiC always form at a temperature higher than 1800 °C. Here, the synthesis of graphene on the silicon surface (0001) of SiC at ≈1300 °C by gaseous catalyst‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is reported. As the step height of terraces on SiC surface can influence the performance of graphene Hall devices, low‐temperature growth of graphene benefits for keeping the steps of the SiC surface at a small height, which can be achieved by a pre‐treatment before growth. A graphene quantum Hall resistance standard (G‐QHRS) device fabricated on the SiC surface with a small step height of ≈0.5 nm exhibits an accuracy of 1.15 × 10−8 and a reproducibility of 3.6 × 10−9 within 7 days in the measurement of quantum resistance at B = 6 T and T = 4.5 K. The gaseous catalyst‐assisted CVD on SiC is an effective scalable growth approach that produces high‐quality graphene for the resistance metrology, and it represents a promising step toward a low magnetic field QHRS setting the basis of low‐cost and transportable QHRS in a near future.
Liquid‐Metal‐Based Stretchable Dual‐Parameter Sensor for Simultaneous Detection of Deformation and Temperature
Authors: Zhang Pan , Fu JunHeng , Liu Mingyang , Sun Xiao , Li Qian , Cao Lingxiao , Ye Zi , Gong Jiahao , He Zhizhu , Gui Lin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMultiparameter sensors that can individually monitor mechanical and thermal signals from multiple stimuli have attracted immense attention. Due to interferences caused by signal crosstalk, it is a challenge for multiparameter sensors to simultaneously differentiate mechanic and thermal stimuli within a broad working range. Herein, a liquid‐metal‐based stretchable dual‐parameter sensor that can simultaneously detect deformation (0–4.5 mm) and temperature (0–60 °C) is fabricated. The sensor adopts a multilayer structure in which a capacitive deformation‐sensing unit is stacked on top of a resistive temperature‐sensing unit. The deformation unit possesses excellent linear responses (R2 = 0.999) and ultralow detection limit (0.04 mm, ≈0.02%). Attributed to these merits, the deformation unit can be used to monitor physiological actions (e.g., finger bending, swallowing, and speaking). The temperature unit exhibits strong stability under multiple stimuli. With the cooperation of the two units, the dual‐parameter sensor can accurately differentiate deformation and temperature stimuli with an average error of 0.04 mm and 0.82 °C. Because of these remarkable performances, the sensor can achieve real‐time acquisition of the deformation and temperature change during finger movements. The dual‐parameter sensing abilities of the sensor indicate its promising potential in human motion monitoring and wearable devices.
Thermomechanical Soft Actuator for Targeted Delivery of Anchoring Drug Deposits to the GI Tract
Authors: Levy Joshua A. , Straker Michael A. , Stine Justin M. , Beardslee Luke A. , Borbash Vivian , Ghodssi Reza 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurrent systemic therapies for inflammatory gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are unable to locally target lesions and have substantial systemic side effects. Here, a compact mesoscale spring actuator capable of delivering an anchoring drug deposit to point locations in the GI tract is demonstrated. The mechanism demonstrated here is intended to complement existing ingestible capsule‐based sensing and communication technologies, enabling treatment based on criteria such as detected GI biomarkers or external commands. The 3D‐printed actuator has shown on command deployment in 14.1 ± 3.0 s, and a spring constant of 25.4 ± 1.4 mN mm−1, sufficient to insert a spiny microneedle anchoring drug deposit (SMAD) into GI tissue. The complementary SMAD showed a 22‐fold increase in anchoring force over traditional molded microneedles, enabling reliable removal from the actuator and robust prolonged tissue attachment. The SMAD also showed comparable drug release characteristics (R2 = 0.9773) to penetrating molded microneedles in agarose phantom tissue with a drug spread radius of 25 mm in 168 h. The demonstrated system has the potential to enable on command delivery and anchoring of drug‐loaded deposits to the GI mucosa for sustained treatment of GI inflammation while mitigating side effects and enabling new options for treatment.
Laser Superdiffraction Optical Needle Direct Writing Lithography Method for Single‐Exposure Fabrication of High‐Aspect‐Ratio Microstructures
Authors: Wang Simo , Zhang Jiangyong , Tian Peng , Yang Fan , Yu Siyang , Wang Jian , Yan Wei , Li Fanxing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, a laser superdiffraction optical needle direct writing lithography method for single‐exposure fabrication of high‐aspect‐ratio microstructures (HARMs) is proposed. The principles of 3/4 circular image focusing and lithography exposure are theoretically analyzed, and the experimental setup is built. Experiments show that the linear interval and focusing accuracy of this method can reach 60 and 0.1 µm, respectively. Compared with the circular image focusing method, this method can determine the direction of defocus through the opening direction of the 3/4 circular spot. In addition, an optical needle with a resolution of 0.308 µm, a depth of focus of 1.836 µm, and an aspect ratio of 5.9538 is achieved by tightly focusing a radially polarized beam modulated by an annular amplitude type modulator with an annular factor of 0.7. Using this optical needle as the direct writing head, the HARM with a line width of 0.22 µm, a depth of 1.76 µm, and an aspect ratio of 8 is obtained experimentally by adjusting the photolithographic process parameters in combination with the focus detection curve. This method has the advantages of high fabrication efficiency, super diffraction resolution and high‐aspect‐ratio, which provides a new research idea for the fabrication of HARMs.
Recycled Additive Manufacturing Feedstocks for Fabricating High Voltage, Low‐Cost Aqueous Supercapacitors
Authors: Wuamprakhon Phatsawit , Crapnell Robert D. , Sigley Evelyn , Hurst Nicholas J. , Williams Rhys J. , Sawangphruk Montree , Keefe Edmund M. , Banks Craig E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe first recycled conductive poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filament derived from post‐industrial waste sources for additive manufacturing (AM) is reported herein, presenting a paradigm shift in plastic waste recycling, AM filament production, and AM energy storage architectures. Filaments utilizing a base of recycled PLA, carbon black (CB) as a conductive filler, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a plasticizer are used to produce aqueous AM symmetric supercapacitor platforms that can reach capacitance values 75 times higher than commercially available conductive PLA filaments. Furthermore, through the rapid prototyping capabilities of AM and GCode modification, it is seen that changing the electrode architecture from solid to a mesh with additional inter‐layer spacing is able to further enhance electrode performance by 3.5 times due to improvements in the surface area, ion accommodating capabilities, and faster ion diffusion. The symmetric full cell device is capable of delivering 7.82 mF cm−2, 4.82 µWh cm−2, and 433.32 µW cm−2 of capacitance, energy, and power density, respectively. Moreover, the material cost is £0.15 per electrode. This study represents a new direction for plastic waste recycling, in which low‐value recycled base products can be manufactured into high‐value end products in their second cycles.
Structural and Electronic Properties of Metal/Oxide Nanostructures from First‐Principles: Ru13 Supported on (TiO2)84 as a Case Study
Authors: Allès Miquel , Remesal Elena R. , Illas Francesc , Morales‐García Ángel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAll electron density functional theory‐based calculations are carried out to investigate the properties of metal/oxide nanostructures taking the case of a Ru13 cluster supported on an octahedral anatase (TiO2)84 nanoparticle, as a representative system. The interaction between both systems is exothermic showing binding energies below −4 eV. In spite of the large interaction, the structure of the (TiO2)84 nanoparticle remains unaltered. However, the metal‐support interaction promotes the deformation of the Ru13 cluster atomic structure. This deformation is more accentuated when the Ru13 nanocluster is situated in the facet region of the (TiO2)84 nanoparticle than when the interaction involves the edge regions. The formation of the Ru13/(TiO2)84 heterostructure leads to a decrease of the energy gap inherent to the bare (TiO2)84 nanoparticle, becoming almost negligible. This is due to the contribution of the partially filled Ru 4d orbitals with Kohn–Sham energies spanning in the energy range of those of the O 2p occupied and Ti 3d empty manifolds. This feature is systematically observes no matter the interaction involves the oxide nanoparticle facet or edge regions. This study constitutes a first step in designing a strategy to investigate metal‐semiconductor nanostructures using realistic models that go beyond the use of extended surfaces.
Anticipate, wait or don't invest? The strategic net present value approach to study expansion decisions under policy uncertainty
Authors: Yanore Lotte , Sok Jaap , Oude Lansink Alfons 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDutch dairy farmers used different investment strategies in their production capacity in the periods around the abolishment of the European Union milk quota. Some farmers anticipated and expanded their production, others waited till expected policies were implemented or did not change their production. We develop a theoretical framework that integrates investment strategies—anticipating, waiting, or not investing—in the presence of policy uncertainty. We provide a numerical illustration of the framework to a typical Dutch dairy farm considering to expand the milk production. Results show that farmers would anticipate when they expect that the right system will be implemented with delay and will have low financial consequences. A low risk aversion reinforces the adoption of the anticipation strategy. The implications for policy and practice are discussed [EconLit Citatons: D22, Q00, Q18].
Racial/ethnic disparities in dementia incidence, outcomes, and health‐care utilization
Authors: Lusk Jay B. , Ford Cassie , Clark Amy G. , Greiner Melissa A. , Johnson Kim , Goetz Margarethe , Kaufman Brystana G. , Mantri Sneha , Xian Ying , O'Brien Richard , O'Brien Emily C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionRacial/ethnic disparities exist in many aspects of health care, but data on racial/ethnic disparities for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as dementia and Parkinson's disease (PD), are limited.MethodsWe used North and South Carolina Medicare claims from 2013 to 2017 to evaluate disparities in incidence of NDDs and in health‐care utilization and outcomes for patients with NDDs.ResultsDisparities in incidence of NDD between Black and White beneficiaries narrowed by 0.37 per 100 person‐years from 2014 to 2017. After thorough covariate adjustment, Black beneficiaries had a 4% higher risk of all‐cause hospitalization, spent 8% more days in skilled nursing facilities and 14% fewer days in hospice facilities, were 38% less likely to receive physical/occupational therapy services, were 8% less likely to receive dementia medications, and were 19% less likely to receive PD medications than White beneficiaries.DiscussionEffective system‐level approaches to promote health equity in NDD diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes are clearly needed.Highlights

Racial disparities in neurodegenerative disease incidence narrowed between 2014 and 2017.
Black patients were less likely than White patients to receive hospice services.
Black patients were less likely than White patients to receive physical therapy.
Black patients were less likely than White patients to receive Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease medications.
There is a shortage of neurologists in counties with high dementia incidence.
Cueing end‐effector acceleration of a two‐link robotic arm by dynamic averaged sub‐gradient integral sliding mode control
Authors: Hernandez‐Sanchez Alejandra , Chairez Isaac , Poznyak Alexander , Andrianova Olga , Chertopolokhov Viktor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe primary objective of this research is to determine if the dynamic version of an averaged sub‐gradient (ASG) integral siding mode (ISM) controller can effectively handle the end‐effector acceleration tracking problem for a two‐link robotic arm avoiding singularity conditions. The proposed scheme solves a nonlinear extremum seeking problem that minimizes a non‐strictly convex function that depends on the acceleration tracking error defined by the difference between the desired acceleration trajectory and the cueing end‐effector acceleration of a two‐link robotic arm in a 2D‐plane. A second‐order differential equation drives the proposed dynamic ASG with nonlinear coefficients and a discontinuous right‐hand side term, which allows for the achievement of the necessary ISM regime in the presence of considerable errors in the mathematical model description. A special switch between modes allows the controller to track accelerations even in extreme positions (near to the active boundaries of the joint articulations) effectively.
Gradient‐free algorithms for distributed online convex optimization
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Zhao Wenxiao , Dong Daoyi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the distributed bandit convex optimization of time‐varying objective functions over a network. By introducing perturbations into the objective functions, we design a deterministic difference and a randomized difference to replace the gradient information of the objective functions and propose two classes of gradient‐free distributed algorithms. We prove that both the two classes of algorithms achieve regrets of
for convex objective functions and
for strongly convex objective functions, with respect to the time index
and consensus of the estimates established as well. Simulation examples are given justifying the theoretical results.
The impact of corporate governance attributes on environmental and social performance: The case of European region excluding companies from the Eurozone
Authors: Giannarakis Grigoris , Mallidis Ioannis , Sariannidis Nikolaos , Konteos George 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study provides an empirical investigation of the impact of Corporate Governance (CG) attributes on the environmental and social aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The dependent variables considered for the description of the environmental and social aspects of CSR were determined using the Refinitiv approach, and through the lens of agency, stakeholder, and resource dependency theories. The independent variables were selected based on the literature and involve eight CG attributes, namely: CSR committee, CEO duality, board meeting attendance, board meetings frequency, non‐executive board members, board gender diversity, board specific skills, and board experience.The employed methodology was evaluated through a sample of dependent and independent variable data of 313 companies across the European region excluding companies from the Eurozone for the period of 2006–2020. A suite of machine learning models was employed for capturing the most important determinants of the environmental and social aspects of CSR.The results reveal that three main corporate governance attributes may have a significant impact on a company's environmental and social performance. These attributes involve more female directors and directors with low board experience in board positions, and finally, the existence of CSR committees. The derived findings provide significant implications for corporate directors, socially responsible investors, policymakers, and regulators that intend to promote CSR initiatives and strategies.
Health‐related quality‐of‐life analyses from a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind phase 2 study of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated with lenvatinib 18 or 24 mg/day
Authors: Taylor Matthew H. , Leboulleux Sophie , Panaseykin Yury , Konda Bhavana , de La Fouchardiere Christelle , Hughes Brett G. M. , Gianoukakis Andrew G. , Park Young Joo , Romanov Ilia , Krzyzanowska Monika K. , Garbinsky Diana , Sherif Bintu , Pan Jie Janice , Binder Terri A. , Sauter Nicholas , Xie Ran , Brose Marcia S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn the phase 2 double‐blind Study 211, a starting dose of lenvatinib 18 mg/day was compared with the approved starting dose of 24 mg/day in patients with radioiodine‐refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR‐DTC). Predefined criteria for noninferiority for efficacy in the 18 mg arm were not met; safety was similar in both arms. Impact of lenvatinib treatment on health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQoL) was a secondary endpoint of Study 211.MethodsPatients with RR‐DTC were randomly assigned to a blinded starting dose of lenvatinib 18 mg/day or 24 mg/day. HRQoL was assessed at baseline, every 8 weeks until Week 24, then every 16 weeks, and at the off‐treatment visit, using the EQ‐5D‐3L and FACT‐G instruments. Completion and compliance rates, mean change from baseline, and times to first and definitive deterioration were evaluated.ResultsBaseline EQ‐5D and FACT‐G scores, and overall changes from baseline, were comparable between patients in the lenvatinib 18 mg/day (n = 77) and 24 mg/day arms (n = 75). For the 18 mg versus 24 mg arms, least squares mean differences were −0.42 (95% CI −4.88, 4.03) for EQ‐5D‐VAS and 0.47 (95% CI −3.45, 4.39) for FACT‐G total. Time to first deterioration did not significantly favor either arm; EQ‐5D‐VAS HR [18 mg/24 mg] 0.93 (95% CI 0.61–1.40), EQ‐5D‐HUI HR [18 mg/24 mg] 0.68 (95% CI 0.44–1.05), FACT‐G total HR [18 mg/24 mg] 0.73 (95% CI 0.48–1.12). Time to definitive deterioration did not significantly favor either arm, though EQ‐5D‐VAS showed a trend in favor of the 24 mg arm (HR [18 mg/24 mg] 1.72; 95% CI 0.99–3.01); EQ‐5D‐HUI HR [18 mg/24 mg] was 0.96 (95% CI 0.57–1.63), FACT‐G total HR [18 mg/24 mg] was 0.72 (95% CI 0.43–1.21).ConclusionsIn Study 211, HRQoL for patients in the lenvatinib 18 mg/day arm was not statistically different from that of patients in the 24 mg/day arm. These data further support the use of the approved lenvatinib starting dose of 24 mg/day in patients with RR‐DTC.ClinicalTrials.gov NumberNCT02702388.