bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalizability and Performance of Methods to Detect Non-Wear with Free-Living Accelerometer Recordings
Authors: Skovgaard Esben Lykke , Roswall Malthe Andreas , Pedersen Natascha Holbaek , Larsen Kristian Traberg , Grøntved Anders , Brønd Jan Christian 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Wearable physical activity sensors are widely used in research and practice as they provide objective measures of human behavior at a low cost. An important challenge for accurate assessment in free-living is the detection non-wear. Traditionally, heuristic algorithms that rely on specific interval lengths have been employed to detect non-wear time; however, machine learned models are emerging. We explore the potential of detecting non-wear using decision trees that combine raw acceleration and skin temperature, and we investigate the generalizability of our models, traditional heuristic algorithms, and recently developed machine learned models. The Decision tree models were trained using one week of data from thigh- and hip-worn accelerometers from 64 children. External validation was performed using data from wrist-worn accelerometers of 42 adolescents. For non-wear episodes longer than 60 minutes, the heuristic algorithms performed the best with F1-scores above 0.96. However, regarding episodes shorter than 60 minutes, the best performing method was the decision tree model including the six most important predictors with F1 scores above 0.74 for all sensor locations. We conclude that for classifying non-wear time, researchers should carefully select an appropriate method and we encourage the use of external validation when reporting on machine learned non-wear models.
Microstructure and color stability of calcium silicate-based dental materials exposed to blood or platelet-rich fibrin
Authors: Shokouhinejad Noushin , Tahun Ibrahim Abu , Tahan Shima Saber , Mohandes Fatemeh , Nekoofar Mohammad H. , Dummer Paul M.H. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effects of blood and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on the hydration, microstructure, and color stability of three hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSCs), OrthoMTA, RetroMTA, and TotalFill-BC-RRM. Materials and methods The HCSCs were prepared and placed into polyethene molds and transferred to Eppendorf tubes containing PRF, blood, or PBS then incubated for 1 week or 1 month. The microstructure and hydration of the cements were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The chromatic alteration of materials was also measured using a spectrophotometer. The data for color stability were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance. Results There was no significant difference between the color stability of cements exposed to PBS (p > 0.05). The chromatic alteration of cements exposed to blood was significantly greater than those exposed to PRF and PBS (p < 0.001). In the presence of blood and PRF, the color change of OrthoMTA was significantly greater than that of RetroMTA and TotalFill (p < 0.05), with no significant difference between RetroMTA and TotalFill (p > 0.05). XRD analysis of all cements, revealed a calcium hydroxide peak after 1-week and 1-month exposure to the media; however, OrthoMTA and TotalFill exposed to blood and PRF for 1 month were associated with a reduction of the calcium hydroxide peak. SEM images revealed cements exposed to PBS had a different surface microstructure compared to those exposed to blood and PRF. Furthermore, the surface microstructure of HCSCs was influenced by the type of cement radiopacifier (bismuth oxide or zirconium oxide). EDS analysis of the elemental composition in all groups displayed peaks of Ca, O, C, Si, P and Al. Conclusions Color stability, hydration behavior and microstructure of HCSCs were affected by exposure to PRF and blood and the type of cement radiopacifier.Clinical relevance As some important physicochemical properties of HCSCs could be influenced by the environmental conditions and the type of radiopacifier, alternatives to blood clot and HCSCs containing substitutes for bismuth oxide might be more suitable in RETs.
Adaptive strategies to increase fitness after thermal stress in the reef-building coral Acropora
Authors: Hazraty-Kari Sanaz , Tavakoli-Kolour Parviz , Kitanobo Seiya , Nakamura Takashi , Morita Masaya 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Elevated temperatures cause coral bleaching and reef degradation. However, coral may have strategies to survive for the next generation. We examined thermal stress's direct and carryover effects on fecundity and fitness in the reef-building coral, Acropora tenuis. Fragments from the same colony were subjected to control temperature (28 °C) or heat stress (31 °C) to cause bleaching. We then examined the fecundity of adults (egg number and size) and the thermal tolerance of larvae (larval survival and settlement rates) and juveniles to evaluate the fitness of stressed corals. As a result of bleaching, the thermal stress-induced changes in egg production by adults led to increased larval production and potentially higher rates of survival for larvae and juveniles. In addition, symbiotic relationships may assist the survival of larval stages with lower lipid content. Collectively, heat-vulnerable corals have developed adaptive strategies that may help them deal with the challenges of global warming.
A cross-sectional study of burnout among Australian general practice registrars
Authors: Hoffman Rebekah , Mullan Judy , Bonney Andrew 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Objective(s): To identify if gender and parenting factors are associated with burnout in Australian general practice (GP) registrars.Design: Cross sectional study. The main outcome measure was the Maslach Burnout Inventory, included as part of the GPRA (General Practice Registrars Australia) biannual online survey.Participants: GP registrars, 2019 cohort, undertaking fellowship training in Australia Results: In 2019 a total of 366 GP registrars completed the online survey. Over 75% of registrars experienced moderate to high levels of burnout (emotional exhaustion scale). Several demographic factors were associated with an increased risk for reporting higher levels of burnout. Increasing age was associated with lower levels of personal accomplishment (P-value <0.01), being female was associated with higher levels of emotional exhaustion (p-value <0.001) and increasing numbers of children were associated with lower levels of burnout, independent of hours worked (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that being a parent is associated with a reduced risk of burnout, irrespective of hours worked. However, being female and increased age were associated with increased levels of burnout. With increasing numbers of females entering medical training, and the decreasing desirability of general practice training, this paper examines the complexities around parenting during training and associations with burnout. There is a need to examine this interaction further to understand the causation for these findings, and to ensure appropriate policies, opportunities and workplace supports are developed to ensure GP training is optimised to attract and support the next generation.
Spatial and temporal correlations in human cortex are inherently linked, predicted by functional hierarchy, vigilance state and antiepileptic drug load
Authors: Meisel Christian , Müller Paul 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The ability of neural circuits to integrate information over time and across different cortical areas is believed an essential ingredient for information processing in the brain. Temporal and spatial correlations in cortex dynamics have independently been shown to capture these integration properties in task-dependent ways. A fundamental question remains if temporal and spatial integration properties are linked and what internal and external factors shape these correlations. Previous research on spatio-temporal correlations has been limited in duration and coverage, thus providing only an incomplete picture of their interdependence and variability. Here, we use long-term invasive EEG data to comprehensively map temporal and spatial correlations according to cortical topography, vigilance state and drug dependence over extended periods of time. We show that temporal and spatial correlations in cortical networks are intimately linked, decline under antiepileptic drug action, and break down during slow-wave sleep. Further, we report temporal correlations in human electrophysiology signals to increase with the functional hierarchy in cortex. Systematic investigation alongside neural network modelling links these findings to dynamics being poised near a critical point. Our results provide novel mechanistic and functional links between specific measurable changes in the network dynamics relevant for characterizing the brain’s changing information processing capabilities.
Microtissue-Based Bioink as A Chondrocyte Micro-Shelter for DLP Bioprinting
Authors: Xie Xinfang , Wu Shuang , Mou Shan , Guo Nengqiang , Wang Zhenxing , Sun Jiaming 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
Bioprinting specific tissues with robust viability is a grand challenge, requiring a delicate balance between a densely cellular distribution and hydrogel network crosslinking density. Microtissues composed of tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) particles provide an alternative scheme for realizing biomimetic cell density and microenvironment. Nevertheless, due to their instability during manufacturing, scarce efforts have been made to date to assemble them using rapid prototyping methods. Here, we introduce a novel microtissue bioink with well printability and cellular viability maintenance for digital light processing (DLP) bioprinting. Generally, the microtissue bioink was prepared by crosslinking acellular matrix microparticles and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel with a specific proportion. Our microtissue composite bioink for DLP printing not only enables accurate assembly of organ building blocks but also provides a three-dimensional shelter to ensure printed cells' viability.
Methods
We first determined chondrocyte and stem cell characteristics of microtia chondrocytes extracted from abandoned microtia-tissue samples. Cartilage acellular matrix (CAM) was decellularized from porcine ear cartilage tissue, then lyophilized, quickly frozen, and ground into microparticles. The microtia chondrocytes were seeded on CAM microcarriers to construct cartilage microtissues. We then prepared bioink for DLP bioprinting by mixing the microtissues with GelMA solution, then cultured the constructs in vitro for 20 days and in vivo for 12 weeks, respectively.
Results
When CAM particle size ranges from 0µm to 150µm, the microtissue bioink exhibits desired mechanical properties and had no significant sediment in a 3 hour time window. DLP bioprinting of cartilage microtissues mixed with GelMA can produce auricular constructs with high elasticity, high printing accuracy and low swelling ratio. A large amount of extracellular matrix deposition can be achieved after in vitro culture, and mature cartilage regeneration can be observed after subcutaneous implantation in nude mice for 12 weeks.
Conclusion
Cartilage microtissue bioinks have good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, the chondrocytes in printed ears showed obvious advantages in cell proliferation in vitro and auricular cartilage regeneration in vivo, which sheds new light on the optimization of bioink and brings novel hope for the treatment of microtia patients.
Data-driven decarbonisation pathways for reducing life cycle GHG emissions from food waste in the hospitality &amp; food service sectors
Authors: Cheng I Kit , Leong Kin Khuin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The Hospitality and Food Service (HaFS) sectors are notoriously known for their contribution to the food waste problem. Hence, there is an urgent need to devise strategies to reduce food waste in the HaFS sectors and to decarbonise their operation to help fight hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition and mitigate climate change. This study proposes three streams to decarbonise the staff cafeteria operation in an integrated resort in Macau. These include upstream optimisation to reduce unserved food waste, midstream education to raise awareness amongst staff about the impact of food choices on the climate and health, and finally downstream recognition to reduce edible plate waste using a state-of-the-art computer vision system. Technology can be an effective medium to facilitate desired behavioural change through nudging, much like how speed cameras can cause people to slow down and help save lives. The holistic and data-driven approach taken revealed great potential for organisations or institutions that offer catering services to reduce their food waste and associated carbon footprint whilst educating individuals about the intricate link between food, climate and well-being.
Validity and Reliability of the Japanese Version of the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment for Patellar Tendinopathy (VISA-P-J): A prospective cohort study
Authors: Togashi Ishin , Nagao Masashi , Nishio Hirofumi , Nozu Shojiro , Shiota Yuki , Takazawa Yuji 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to translate, adapt, and test the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Victorian Institute of sports assessment for patellar tendinopathy (VISA-P-J) according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN).
Methods
This prospective cohort study registered 43 participants ≥ 18 years old with a history of painful symptoms in the inferior pole of the patella to the proximal patellar tendon lasting ≥ 1 month. Pain in daily life and during sports activities, symptom classification, and patient global impression of change (PGIC) were assessed at the baseline, 1 week, and 12 weeks. The psychometric properties of the VISA-P-J were calculated according to the COSMIN.
Results
The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)2,1 for test-retest reliability was 0.87 (p < 0.01), and the standard error of measurement was 0.89. The Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency was 0.81. A correlation was observed with other external criteria (p < 0.01) for criterion validity. All hypotheses of the hypothesis-testing method to evaluate construct validity and responsiveness were substantiated. The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was 7 points.
Conclusion
We demonstrated that the VISA-P-J, based on the COSMIN, was a reliable, valid, and responsive assessment method for individuals with chronic pain in the patellar tendon.
Establishment of an indicator framework for Global One Health Intrinsic Drivers index based on the Grounded Theory
Authors: FENG jiaxin , Guo Zhaoyu , Ai Lin , Liu Jingshu , Zhang Xiaoxi , Cao Chunli , Xu Jing , Xia Shang , Zhou Xiaonong , Chen Jin , Li Shizhu 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background: One Health has become a global consensus to deal with complex health problems. However, the development process of One Health practice in various countries is still relatively slow, and there is a lack of systematic evaluation index. The purpose of this study was to establish an indicator framework for global One Health Intrinsic Drivers index (GOH-IDI) to evaluate human, animal and environmental health development process globally. Method: First, 82 studies were deeply analyzed by a grounded theory (GT) method, including open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, to establish a three-level indicator framework, which was composed of three first-level indicators, 19 second-level indicators, and 79 third-level indicators. Then, through semi-structured interviews with 28 health-related experts, the indicators were further integrated and simplified according to the inclusion criteria of the indicators. Finally, a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) was used to assign weights to the indicators, thus, forming the evaluation indicator framework of human, animal and environmental health development process. Results: An indicator framework for GOH-IDI was formed consisting of three first-level indicators, 15 second-level indicators and 61 third-level indicators. There were six second-level indicators for “Human Health”, of which “Reproductive, Maternal, New-born, and Child Health” had the highest weight (20.63%) and “Health Risk” had the lowest weight (13.01%). There were four second-level indicators for “Animal Health”, of which “Animal Epidemic Disease” had the highest weight (31.87%) and “Animal Nutritional Status” had the lowest weight (17.36%). Five second-level indicators were set under “Environmental Health”, among which, “Air Quality and Climate Change” had the highest weight (23.82%) and “Hazardous Chemicals” had the lowest weight (17.52%). Conclusions: An indicator framework for GOH-IDI was established in this study. The indicators were universal, balanced, and scientific, and established a tool for scientifically measuring the development level of human, animal and environmental health in different regions globally.
Symptoms, symptom clusters and associated factors among Chinese cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Feng Lina , He Jin , Feng Li Xia , Li Yan , Li Juan , Chen Chen 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significant therapeutic effects in cancer patients. Although there are many studies on immune-related adverse events (irAEs), few studies have investigated such symptoms. The purpose of this study was to explore irAE symptoms and symptom clusters and analyse associated factors among Chinese cancer patients receiving ICI therapy.
Methods
A cross-sectional design was employed to investigate 216 Chinese cancer patients receiving ICI therapy. Participants were surveyed using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Score (ECOG PS) assessment, the ICI therapy symptom assessment scale, and demographic and disease characteristic questionnaires designed for this study. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to analyse the data.
Results
The most common symptoms in patients with grade 1–2 symptom severity were fatigue (57.4%), itching (34.3%) and cough (33.3%) and with grade 3–4 symptom severity were rash (7.9%), joint pain (6.9%), muscle soreness (6.5%) and fatigue (6.5%). Four symptom clusters were identified: nonspecific, musculoskeletal, respiratory and cutaneous (the cumulative contribution to the variance was 52.963%). ECOG PS, disease course and sex were significantly associated with the nonspecific symptom cluster (Adj R2 = 14.8). ECOG PS and disease course were significantly associated with the respiratory symptom cluster (Adj R2 = 8.5). ECOG PS, disease course and education level were significantly associated with the musculoskeletal symptom cluster (Adj R2 = 20.2).
Conclusions
Cancer patients receiving ICI therapy experience various symptoms with apparent clustering. The factors associated with symptom clusters included sex, education level, ECOG PS and disease course. Our findings may provide a scientific basis for symptom assessment and management. Medical personnel should implement targeted strategies to promote symptom management in those receiving ICI therapy, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Directly from Blood culture Broth by Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering of Spectral Biomarkers
Authors: Han Yin-Yi , Wang Jann-Tay , Cheng Wei-Chih , Chen Ko-Lun , Chi Yi , Teng Lee-Jene , Wang Juen-Kai , Wang Yuh-Lin 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Background
As effective management of sepsis requires timely administration of appropriate antibiotics, a reliable and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is crucial. To meet clinical needs, we developed a novel AST, referred to as SERS-AST, based on the surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) technology. SERS-AST determines antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria based on variations in bacterial SERS signals derived from secreted purines and their derivatives.
Methods
SERS-AST was applied to blood culture samples of patients with bacteremia. Eight common causative organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii and seven most prescribed antibiotics, including oxacillin, levofloxacin, vancomycin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and imipenem were tested. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to obtain the optimal cutoff SERS signal value to determine the susceptibility of tested bacteria. The results of SERS-AST were compared with those of VITEK 2.
Results
A total of 164 bacterial isolates from blood samples were examined, and the agreement rates between SERS-AST and VITEK 2 results were 96% for Gram-positive bacteria and 97% for Gram-negative bacteria.
Conclusions
By directly assaying positive blood cultures without additional subcultures, SERS-AST can be completed within 4 hours with high accuracy. It can be an alternative AST method to provide critical information to clinicians for timely administration of appropriate antibiotics to treat patients with blood stream infections.
An Non-Invasive Brain Disease Detection Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: A Kishore kumar , P.K Poonguzhali , A Murugarajan 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Brain tumours, the most common and hostile illness, have a relatively low survival rate during their most mature stage. As a result, therapeutic planning is a critical stage in raising the standard of living of sufferers. Different imaging modalities, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound pictures, are frequently used to assess malignancies inside the brain, lungs, liver, breast, prostate, and some other regions.These MRI images cast-off to diagnose brain tumors in particular in this work. However, the abundance of information gathered through an MRI scan creates manual categorization of tumour cells vs. non-tumor in a specified timeframe is unrealistic. However, it has numerous restrictions (e.g., consistent computable measures are only available aimed at a limited amount of photos). As an outcome, dependable and automatic classification technique is required to reduce human mortality. Due to the significant geographical and structural variety of the brain tumor's surrounding environment, automatic brain tumour categorization is indeed a challenging task. This research proposes utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) categorization to automatically identify brain tumours. The underlying design was built using smaller kernels. The mass of a neuron is regarded as being very little. Test results reveal that CNN records get 93% with minimum complexity as contrasted to many other state-of-the-art approaches.