bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reference Susceptibility Testing and Genomic Surveillance ofClostridioides difficile, United States, 2012–17
Authors: Gargis Amy S , Karlsson Maria , Paulick Ashley L , Anderson Karen F , Adamczyk Michelle , Vlachos Nicholas , Kent Alyssa G , McAllister Gillian , McKay Susannah L , Halpin Alison L , Albrecht Valerie , Campbell Davina , Korhonen Lauren C , Elkins Christopher A , Rasheed J Kamile , Guh Alice Y , McDonald L Clifford , Lutgring Joseph D ,   the Emerging Infections Program C. difficile Infection Working Group, Dumyati Ghinwa , Fridkin Scott , Gerding Dale , Holzbauer Stacy M , Johnston Helen , Olson Danyel M , Perlmutter Rebecca , Phipps Erin C , Pierce Rebecca , Wilson Christopher , Winston Lisa 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is not routinely performed for Clostridioides difficile and data evaluating minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are limited. We performed AST and whole genome sequencing (WGS) for 593 C. difficile isolates collected between 2012 and 2017 through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Emerging Infections Program.MethodsMICs to 6 antimicrobial agents (ceftriaxone, clindamycin, meropenem, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, and vancomycin) were determined using the reference agar dilution method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Whole genome sequencing was performed on all isolates to detect the presence of genes or mutations previously associated with resistance.ResultsAmong all isolates, 98.5% displayed a vancomycin MIC ≤2 μg/mL and 97.3% displayed a metronidazole MIC ≤2 μg/mL. Ribotype 027 (RT027) isolates displayed higher vancomycin MICs (MIC50: 2 μg/mL; MIC90: 2 μg/mL) than non-RT027 isolates (MIC50: 0.5 μg/mL; MIC90: 1 μg/mL) (P &lt; .01). No vanA/B genes were detected. RT027 isolates also showed higher MICs to clindamycin and moxifloxacin and were more likely to harbor associated resistance genes or mutations.ConclusionsElevated MICs to antibiotics used for treatment of C. difficile infection were rare, and there was no increase in MICs over time. The lack of vanA/B genes or mutations consistently associated with elevated vancomycin MICs suggests there are multifactorial mechanisms of resistance. Ongoing surveillance of C. difficile using reference AST and WGS to monitor MIC trends and the presence of antibiotic resistance mechanisms is essential.
Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and p-tau181 Predict Long-Term Clinical Progression in a Cohort with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Xiao Zhenxu , Wu Wanqing , Ma Xiaoxi , Liang Xiaoniu , Lu Jiaying , Zheng Li , Ding Saineng , Lei Qiqi , Luo Jianfeng , Chen Keliang , Ding Ding , Zhao Qianhua 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Background
Previous studies reported the value of blood-based biomarkers in predicting Alzheimer disease (AD) progression among individuals with different disease stages. However, evidence regarding the value of these markers in those with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is insufficient.

Methods
A cohort with 251 aMCI individuals were followed for up to 8 years. Baseline blood biomarkers were measured on a single-molecule array platform. Multipoint clinical diagnosis and domain-specific cognitive functions were assessed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between blood biomarkers and clinical AD progression.

Results
Individuals with low Aβ42/Aβ40 and high p-tau181 at baseline demonstrated the highest AD risk (hazard ratio = 4.83, 95% CI 2.37–9.86), and the most dramatic decline across cognitive domains. Aβ42/Aβ40 and p-tau181, combined with basic characteristics performed the best in predicting AD conversion (AUC = 0.825, 95% CI 0.771–0.878).

Conclusions
Combining Aβ42/Aβ40 and p-tau181 may be a feasible indicator for AD progression in clinical practice, and a potential composite marker in clinical trials.
The Generalized 3-Connectivity Of The Folded Hypercube FQn
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Fangmin 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The generalized $k$-connectivity of a graph $G$, denoted by $\kappa _k(G)$, is a generalization of the traditional connectivity and can serve for measuring the capability of a network $G$ to connect any $k$ vertices in $G$. It is well known that the generalized $k$-connectivity is an important indicator for measuring the fault tolerance and reliability of interconnection networks. The $n$-dimensional folded hypercube $FQ_n$, which is an important variation of hypercubes, can be obtained from the $n$-dimensional hypercube $Q_n$ by adding an edge between any pair of vertices with complementary addresses. In this paper, we show that $\kappa _3(FQ_n)=n$ for $n\ge 2$, that is, for any three vertices in $FQ_n$, there exist $n$ internally disjoint trees connecting them.
Ontology Development Kit: a toolkit for building, maintaining and standardizing biomedical ontologies
Authors: Matentzoglu Nicolas , Goutte-Gattat Damien , Tan Shawn Zheng Kai , Balhoff James P , Carbon Seth , Caron Anita R , Duncan William D , Flack Joe E , Haendel Melissa , Harris Nomi L , Hogan William R , Hoyt Charles Tapley , Jackson Rebecca C , Kim HyeongSik , Kir Huseyin , Larralde Martin , McMurry Julie A , Overton James A , Peters Bjoern , Pilgrim Clare , Stefancsik Ray , Robb Sofia MC , Toro Sabrina , Vasilevsky Nicole A , Walls Ramona , Mungall Christopher J , Osumi-Sutherland David 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
Similar to managing software packages, managing the ontology life cycle involves multiple complex workflows such as preparing releases, continuous quality control checking and dependency management. To manage these processes, a diverse set of tools is required, from command-line utilities to powerful ontology-engineering environmentsr. Particularly in the biomedical domain, which has developed a set of highly diverse yet inter-dependent ontologies, standardizing release practices and metadata and establishing shared quality standards are crucial to enable interoperability. The Ontology Development Kit (ODK) provides a set of standardized, customizable and automatically executable workflows, and packages all required tooling in a single Docker image. In this paper, we provide an overview of how the ODK works, show how it is used in practice and describe how we envision it driving standardization efforts in our community.
Database URL: https://github.com/INCATools/ontology-development-kit
Percutaneous debulking of tricuspid valve endocarditis in severe COVID-19 pneumonia after prolonged venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with right-ventricular support: a case series
Authors: Morton Kara , Heindl Brittain , McElwee Samuel K , Litovsky Silvio , Ahmed Mustafa I , Clarkson Stephen 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundOver the past 2 years, the utilization of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has increased. While supporting respiratory function, VV-ECMO requires large-bore indwelling venous cannulas, which risk bleeding and infections, including endocarditis.Case summaryWe describe two adults hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia who developed ARDS and right-ventricular failure, requiring VV-ECMO and ProtekDuo cannulation. After over 100 days with these devices, both patients developed tricuspid valve vegetations. Our first patient was decannulated from ECMO and discharged, but re-presented with a segmental pulmonary embolism and tricuspid mass. The Inari FlowTriver system was chosen to percutaneously remove both the tricuspid mass and pulmonary thromboembolism. Pathological examination of the mass demonstrated Candida albicans endocarditis in the setting of Candida fungemia. Our second patient developed a tricuspid valve vegetation which was also removed with the FlowTriever system. Pathological examination demonstrated endocarditis consistent with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the setting of Pseudomonas bacteremia. Both patients experienced resolution of fungemia and bacteremia after percutaneous vegetation removal. After ECMO decannulation and percutaneous debulking, both patients experienced prolonged hospital stays for ventilator weaning and were eventually discharged with supplemental oxygen.DiscussionVV-ECMO and right-ventricular support devices are invasive and create various risks, including bloodstream infection and infective endocarditis. Percutaneous debulking of valvular vegetations associated with these right-sided indwelling devices may be an effective means of infection source control. It is unclear whether prolonged use of VV-ECMO provides a mortality benefit in COVID-19 ARDS.
May Measurement Month 2019: analysis of blood pressure screening in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Mirrakhimov Erkin , Zakirov Umid , Abilova Saamay , Asanbaev Azamat , Bektasheva Erkaiym , Asanaliev Nursultan , uulu Yrysbek Mamat , Alibaeva Nazira , Neronova Ksenya , Kerimkulova Alina , Lunegova Olga , Altymysheva Aliina , Wang Wei , Beaney Thomas , Poulter Neil R 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) is one of the leading causes of death in Kyrgyzstan. The world's largest event in the field of increasing awareness of raised BP is the May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign. Kyrgyzstan joined MMM in 2019. The inclusion criteria for participants in the study were: age ≥18 years and providing informed consent. Hypertension was defined as the presence of systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg based on the mean of the second and third of three sitting BP measurements or on treatment for hypertension. Most of the participants (96.9%) were surveyed inside two large shopping malls of Bishkek. The total number of people who took part in the screening was 2013. The mean age was 38.8 (± 12.6) years, and 1006 were women (50.0%) and 1007 men (50.0%). One-hundred eighty-four participants had hypertension (9.1%), of whom 59 (32.0%) were aware of their diagnosis, and hypertension was controlled in 25 participants (13.7%). The mean BMI was 24.0 (± 4.1) kg/m2, 34 (1.7%) participants had diabetes mellitus, 12 (0.6%) had a history of myocardial infarction, 4 (0.2%) had a history of stroke, 314 (15.6%) were smokers. 41 (2.0%) drank alcohol 1–3 times a month, 46 (2.3%)—once per week. MMM screening allows us to gather up-to-date data on the prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension among volunteer screenees in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
May Measurement Month 2017–19: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Paraguay
Authors: Ortellado José , Paniagua María , Wang Wei , Beaney Thomas , Poulter Neil R , González Graciela , Castillo Manuel , Aparicio Rocío , Villamayor Abdón 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of measuring blood pressure (BP) and to identify and reduce the BPs of those people who require intervention to lower their BP according to current guidelines. A total of 7782 individuals aged ≥18 years were recruited during the 3 years of the May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign (2017: 1196, 2018: 2285, 2019: 4301). Recruitment was through opportunistic sampling at a variety of screening sites distributed throughout the country. Each participant underwent a pre-specified questionnaire with questions on risk factors concluding with three BP measurements at 1 min intervals and measurement of weight and height. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg or those receiving antihypertensive therapy. Of all 7782 participants, 3323 had hypertension (42.7%) of whom 61.8% were aware and 50.4% were not receiving antihypertensive medication. Of those treated (49.6%), 43.8% had controlled BP (&lt;140/90 mmHg). Among all hypertensive patients (with and without medication), 21.7% had controlled BP. In relation to previous surveys carried out in the country, awareness of hypertension increased two-fold, with no change in the proportion of hypertensive patients on treatment and the proportion of hypertensive patients with controlled BP which remained low.
Hospital-acquired disability in older heart failure patients decreases independence and increases difficulties in activities of daily living
Authors: Nemoto Shinji , Kasahara Yusuke , Izawa Kazuhiro P , Watanabe Satoshi , Yoshizawa Kazuya , Takeichi Naoya , Akao Keigo , Watanabe Sato , Mizukoshi Kei , Suzuki Norio , Ashikaga Kohei , Kida Keisuke , Osada Naohiko , Akashi Yoshihiro J 
Published: October 2022

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to clarify whether worsening of independence in activities of daily living (ADL) and also difficulties in ADL are triggered by hospitalization in older patients with heart failure (HF) and whether difficulties in ADL can predict readmission for HF regardless of independence in ADL in these patients.

Methods and results
We enrolled 241 HF patients in the present multi-institutional, prospective, observational study. The patients were divided according to age into the non-older patient group (&lt;75 years, n = 137) and the older patient group (≥75 years, n = 104). The Katz index and the Performance Measure for Activities of Daily Living-8 (PMADL-8) were used to evaluate independence and difficulties in ADL, respectively. The endpoint of this study was rehospitalization for HF. Independence as indicated by the Katz index at discharge was significantly lower than that before admission only in the older patient group, and the value of the PMADL-8 at discharge was significantly higher than that before admission (P &lt; 0.001). In all patients, after adjusting for the Katz index and other variables, PMADL-8 score was a significant predictor of rehospitalization for HF (hazard ratio 1.50; 95% confidence interval 1.07–2.13; P = 0.021).

Conclusions
Worsening of both independence and difficulties in ADL was triggered by hospitalization in older HF patients, and difficulties in ADL were relevant factors for risk of rehospitalization regardless of independence in ADL. These findings indicate the importance of preventing not only decreased independence but also increased difficulties in ADL during and after hospitalization.
Development and internal validation of risk scores to diagnose infectious mononucleosis among college students
Authors: Cai Xinyan , Ebell Mark H , Russo Garth , Dobbin Kevin K , Cordero Jose F 
Published: October 2022

AbstractBackgroundIndividual symptoms and signs of infectious mononucleosis (IM) are of limited value for diagnosis.ObjectiveTo develop and validate risk scores based on signs and symptoms with and without haematologic parameters for the diagnosis of IM.Design and settingData were extracted from electronic health records of a university health centre and were divided into derivation (9/1/2015–10/31/2017) and a prospective temporal internal validation (11/1/2017–1/31/2019) cohort.MethodIndependent predictors for the diagnosis of IM were identified in univariate analysis using the derivation cohort. Logistic regression models were used to develop 2 risk scores: 1 with only symptoms and signs (IM-NoLab) and 1 adding haematologic parameters (IM-Lab). Point scores were created based on the regression coefficients, and patients were grouped into risk groups. Primary outcomes were area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC) and classification accuracy.ResultsThe IM-NoLab model had 4 predictors and identified a low-risk group (7.9% with IM) and a high-risk group (22.2%) in the validation cohort. The AUROCC was 0.75 in the derivation cohort and 0.69 in the validation cohort. The IM-Lab model had 3 predictors and identified a low-risk group (3.6%), a moderate-risk group (12.5%), and a high-risk group (87.6%). The AUROCC was 0.97 in the derivation cohort and 0.93 in the validation cohort.ConclusionWe derived and internally validated the IM-NoLab and IM-Lab risk scores. The IM-Lab score in particular had very good discrimination and have the potential to reduce the need for diagnostic testing for IM.
Empirical H/V spectral ratios at the InSight landing site and implications for the martian subsurface structure
Authors: Carrasco Sebastián , Knapmeyer-Endrun Brigitte , Margerin Ludovic , Schmelzbach Cédric , Onodera Keisuke , Pan Lu , Lognonné Philippe , Menina Sabrina , Giardini Domenico , Stutzmann Eléonore , Clinton John , Stähler Simon , Schimmel Martin , Golombek Matthew , Hobiger Manuel , Hallo Miroslav , Kedar Sharon , Banerdt William Bruce 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
The horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratio inversion is a traditional technique for deriving the local subsurface structure on Earth. We calculated the H/V from the ambient vibrations at different wind levels at the InSight landing site, on Mars, and also computed the H/V from the S-wave coda of the martian seismic events (marsquakes). Different H/V curves were obtained for different wind periods and from the marsquakes. From the ambient vibrations, the recordings during low-wind periods are close to the instrument self-noise level. During high-wind periods, the seismic recordings are highly contaminated by the interaction of the lander with the wind and the martian ground. Therefore, these recordings are less favourable for traditional H/V analysis. Instead, the recordings of the S-wave coda of marsquakes were preferred to derive the characteristic H/V curve of this site between 0.4 and 10 Hz. The final H/V curve presents a characteristic trough at 2.4 Hz and a strong peak at 8 Hz. Using a full diffuse wavefield approach as the forward computation and the Neighbourhood Algorithm as the sampling technique, we invert for the 1-D shear wave velocity structure at the InSight landing site. Based on our inversion results, we propose a strong site effect at the InSight site to be due to the presence of a shallow high-velocity layer (SHVL) over low-velocity units. The SHVL is likely placed below a layer of coarse blocky ejecta and can be associated with Early Amazonian basaltic lava flows. The units below the SHVL have lower velocities, possibly related to a Late Hesperian or Early Amazonian epoch with a different magmatic regime and/or a greater impact rate and more extensive weathering. An extremely weak buried low velocity layer (bLVL) between these lava flows explains the data around the 2.4 Hz trough, whereas a more competent bLVL would not generate this latter feature. These subsurface models are in good agreement with results from hammering experiment and compliance measurements at the InSight landing site. Finally, this site effect is revealed only by seismic events data and explains the larger horizontal than vertical ground motion recorded for certain type of marsquakes.
Using teleseismic backprojection and InSAR to obtain segmentation information for large earthquakes: a case study of the 2016Mw 6.6 Muji earthquake
Authors: Steinberg Andreas , Sudhaus Henriette , Krüger Frank 
Published: October 2022

SUMMARYA good understanding of earthquake rupture segmentation is important to characterize fault geometries at depth for follow-up tectonic, stress-field or other analyses. We propose a data-driven strategy and develop pre-optimization methods to support finite fault inversions with independent prior estimates on earthquake source parameters. The first method we develop is a time-domain, multi-array and novel multiphase backprojection (BP) of teleseismic data. This method infers the spatio-temporal evolution of the rupture process, including a potential occurrence of rupture segmentation. Secondly, we apply image analysis methods on InSAR surface displacement maps to infer rupture characteristics (e.g. strike and length) and the number of potential segments. Both methods can provide model-independent constraints on fault location, dimension, orientation and rupture timing, applicable to form priors of model parameters before detailed modelling. We demonstrate and test our methods based on synthetic tests and an application to the 25.11.2016 Muji Mw 6.6 earthquake. Our results indicate segmentation and bilateral rupturing for the 2016 Muji earthquake. The results of the BP of the Muji Mw 6.6 earthquake using high-frequency filtered teleseismic waveforms in particular shows the capability to illuminate the rupture history with the potential to resolve the start and stop phases of individual fault segments.
Roles of Mono- and Bi-articular Muscles in Human Limbs: Two-joint Link Model and Applications
Authors: Miyake Tsutomu , Okabe Masataka 
Published: October 2022

SynopsisWe review the two-joint link model of mono- and bi-articular muscles in the human branchium and thigh for applications related to biomechanical studies of tetrapod locomotion including gait analyses of humans and non-human tetrapods. This model has been proposed to elucidate functional roles of human mono- and bi-articular muscles by analyzing human limb movements biomechanically and testing the results both theoretically and mechanically using robotic arms and legs. However, the model has not yet been applied to biomechanical studies of tetrapod locomotion, in part since it was established based mainly on mechanical engineering analyses and because it has been applied mostly to robotics, fields of mechanical engineering, and to rehabilitation sciences. When we discovered and published the identical pairs of mono- and bi-articular muscles in pectoral fins of the coelacanth fish Latimeria chalumnae to those of humans, we recognized the significant roles of mono- and bi-articular muscles in evolution of tetrapod limbs from paired fins and tetrapod limb locomotion. Therefore, we have been reviewing the theoretical background and mechanical parameters of the model in order to analyze functional roles of mono- and bi-articular muscles in tetrapod limb locomotion. Herein, we present re-defined biological parameters including 3 axes among 3 joints of forelimbs or hindlimbs that the model has formulated and provide biological and analytical tools and examples to facilitate applicable power of the model to our on-going gait analyses of humans and tetrapods.
Normative Expectations and the Colonial Past: Apologies and Art Restitution to Former Colonies in France and Germany
Authors: Boehme Franziska 
Published: October 2022

Abstract
I argue that the field of transitional justice is a useful lens to explore the politics surrounding apology and restitution between former colonizers and the formerly colonized. While existing scholarship has so far treated apologies and restitution of looted art restitution as separate ways of atonement, this paper investigates both as indicators of a country's norm change toward postcolonial reconciliation and justice. The paper analyzes the political debates in France and Germany surrounding apologies and art restitution as instances of belated “coming to terms” with their colonial past. I argue that both form part of a broader societal change surrounding a state's history and its current identity. In response to increasing demands for apologies and restitution from African states, changing international norms of addressing colonial violence, and domestic mobilization, both states have made slow and incomplete progress toward postcolonial reconciliation and justice. They have agreed to return certain objects and apologized for specific colonial atrocities, albeit not for colonialism writ large. Ultimately, the debates highlight how these transitional justice forms each come with their own political, legal, and cultural challenges that complicate and delay engagement with the past. It was ultimately various social pressures from within and outside, in the form of lawsuits by victim groups and official demands for apology and restitution, that led to domestic mobilization toward more open engagement with colonial pasts.