bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial forcing of marine biodiversification
Authors: Martin Ronald E. , Cárdenas Andrés L. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe diversification of the three major marine faunas during the Phanerozoic was intimately coupled to the evolution of the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients via nutrient runoff from land and the diversification of phosphorus-rich phytoplankton. Nutrient input to the oceans has previously been demonstrated to have occurred in response to orogeny and fueling marine diversification. Although volcanism has typically been associated with extinction, the eruption of continental Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) is also a very significant, but previously overlooked, source of phosphorus involved in the diversification of the marine biosphere. We demonstrate that phosphorus input to the oceans peaked repeatedly following the eruption and weathering of LIPs, stimulating the diversification of nutrient-rich calcareous and siliceous phytoplankton at the base of marine food webs that in turn helped fuel diversification at higher levels. These developments were likely furthered by the evolution of terrestrial floras. Results for the Meso-Cenozoic hold implications for the Paleozoic Era. Early-to-middle Paleozoic diversity was, in contrast to the Meso-Cenozoic, limited by nutrient-poor phytoplankton resulting from less frequent tectonism and poorly-developed terrestrial floras. Nutrient runoff and primary productivity during the Permo-Carboniferous likely increased, based on widespread orogeny, the spread of deeper-rooting forests, the fossil record of phytoplankton, and biogeochemical indices. Our results suggest that marine biodiversity on geologic time scales is unbounded (unlimited), provided sufficient habitat, nutrients, and nutrient-rich phytoplankton are also available in optimal amounts and on optimal timescales.
Simultaneous electrochemical determination of morphine and methadone by using CMK-5 mesoporous carbon and multivariate calibration
Authors: Habibi Mohammad Mehdi , Ghasemi Jahan B. , Badiei Alireza , Norouzi Parviz 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFor the first time, a sensitive electrochemical sensor using a glassy carbon electrode modified with CMK-5 Ordered mesoporous carbon was fabricated for simultaneous analysis of morphine and methadone. Modern electrochemical FFT-SWV techniques and partial least-squares as a multivariable analysis were used in this method. CMK-5 nanostructures were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. Variables such as accumulation time and pH for the proposed sensor were optimized before quantitative analysis. To train the proposed sensor, standard mixtures of morphine (MOR), and methadone (MET) were prepared in the established linear ranges of the analyzes. The results obtained from training samples were used for PLS modeling. The efficiency of the model was determined using test and real matrix samples. The root mean square error of prediction and the squared correlation coefficients (R2p) for MET and MOR were estimated to be 0.00772 and 0.00892 and 0.948 to 0.990, respectively. The recoveries in urine samples were reported to be 97.0 and 105.6% for both MOR and MET, respectively.
Ab-initio Study of structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of hexahalometallate single crystals K2XBr6(X = Se, Pt)
Authors: Naceur Y. , Bourbaba H. , Ghebouli M. A. , Krache L. , Ghebouli B. , Chihi T. , Fatmi M. , Alomairy Sultan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractSome physical properties of hexahalometallate K2XBr6(X = Se, Pt) were computed in the zinc blend structure using GGA-PBESOL. The cell constant of K2SeBr6 and K2PtBr6 is consistent to the experiment value quoted in the literature, where the error is 0.95% and 1%. K2SeBr6 and K2PtBr6 present covalent bonding, high anisotropy and are ductile. The elastic constants of K2SeBr6 and K2PtBr6 are significantly smaller due to their larger reticular distances, lower Coulomb forces and then they are soft and damage tolerant. The interatomic separation is greater in K2SeBr6 than in K2PtBr6, hence the Coulomb interaction in K2PtBr6 is greater than that of K2SeBr6. The internal coordinate of Br atom in K2PtBr6 is lower than that of the same atom in K2SeBr6, and this can be explained by the fact that it is inversely proportional to the atom radius of Se and Pt. There are two major plasmonic processes, with intensities 3.7 and 1.35 located around 53.5 nm and 72.8 nm for K2SeBr6 and K2PtBr6.
German federal-state-wide seroprevalence study of 1st SARS-CoV-2 pandemic wave shows importance of long-term antibody test performance
Authors: Lohse Stefan , Sternjakob-Marthaler Anna , Lagemann Paul , Schöpe Jakob , Rissland Jürgen , Seiwert Nastasja , Pfuhl Thorsten , Müllendorff Alana , Kiefer Laurent S. , Vogelgesang Markus , Vella Luca , Denk Katharina , Vicari Julia , Zwick Anabel , Lang Isabelle , Weber Gero , Geisel Jürgen , Rech Jörg , Schnabel Bernd , Hauptmann Gunter , Holleczek Bernd , Scheiblauer Heinrich , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Smola Sigrun 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundReliable data on the adult SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate in Germany are still scarce. We performed a federal state-wide cross-sectional seroprevalence study named SaarCoPS, that is representative for the adult population including elderly individuals and nursing home residents in the Saarland.MethodsSerum was collected from 2940 adults via stationary or mobile teams during the 1stpandemic wave steady state period. We selected an antibody test system with maximal specificity, also excluding seroreversion effects due to a high longitudinal test performance. For the calculations of infection and fatality rates, we accounted for the delays of seroconversion and death after infection.ResultsUsing a highly specific total antibody test detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses over more than 180 days, we estimate an adult infection rate of 1.02% (95% CI: [0.64; 1.44]), an underreporting rate of 2.68-fold (95% CI: [1.68; 3.79]) and infection fatality rates of 2.09% (95% CI: (1.48; 3.32]) or 0.36% (95% CI: [0.25; 0.59]) in all adults including elderly individuals, or adults younger than 70 years, respectively.ConclusionThe study highlights the importance of study design and test performance for seroprevalence studies, particularly when seroprevalences are low. Our results provide a valuable baseline for evaluation of future pandemic dynamics and impact of public health measures on virus spread and human health in comparison to neighbouring countries such as Luxembourg or France.
Carbon dioxide enhances sulphur-selective conjugate addition reactions
Authors: Yang Yang , Fischer Niklas Henrik , Oliveira Maria Teresa , Hadaf Gul Barg , Liu Jian , Brock-Nannestad Theis , Diness Frederik , Lee Ji-Woong 
Published: May 2022

CO2 promotes selective sulphur modification reactions with various Michael acceptors. High mono-addition selectivity was obtained in protein and peptide modification reactions by preventing multiple-addition reactions of competing nucleophiles.
Role of fatty acid transport protein 4 in metabolic tissues: insights into obesity and fatty liver disease
Authors: Li Huili , Herrmann Thomas , Seeßle Jessica , Liebisch Gerhard , Merle Uta , Stremmel Wolfgang , Chamulitrat Walee 
Published: May 2022

AbstractFatty acid (FA) metabolism is a series of processes that provide structural substances, signalling molecules and energy. Ample evidence has shown that FA uptake is mediated by plasma membrane transporters including FA transport proteins (FATPs), caveolin-1, fatty-acid translocase (FAT)/CD36, and fatty-acid binding proteins. Unlike other FA transporters, the functions of FATPs have been controversial because they contain both motifs of FA transport and fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS). The widely distributed FATP4 is not a direct FA transporter but plays a predominant function as an ACS. FATP4 deficiency causes ichthyosis premature syndrome in mice and humans associated with suppression of polar lipids but an increase in neutral lipids including triglycerides (TGs). Such a shift has been extensively characterized in enterocyte-, hepatocyte-, and adipocyte-specific Fatp4-deficient mice. The mutants under obese and non-obese fatty livers induced by different diets persistently show an increase in blood non-esterified free fatty acids and glycerol indicating the lipolysis of TGs. This review also focuses on FATP4 role on regulatory networks and factors that modulate FATP4 expression in metabolic tissues including intestine, liver, muscle, and adipose tissues. Metabolic disorders especially regarding blood lipids by FATP4 deficiency in different cell types are herein discussed. Our results may be applicable to not only patients with FATP4 mutations but also represent a model of dysregulated lipid homeostasis, thus providing mechanistic insights into obesity and development of fatty liver disease.
A study on detection and defence of malicious code under network security over biomedical devices
Authors: Liu Tianqing , Neware Rahul , Bhatt Mohammed Wasim , Shabaz Mohammad 
Published: May 2022

AbstractWith the proliferation of massive varieties and unknown malicious viruses, it is difficult to achieve effective and timely defence by anti‐virus technology with virus signature matching as the core. Hence, the research of malicious code detection and defence is investigated. Firstly, it introduces the defence technology and detection technology. The simulation results show that the default infection probability of the simulation program is 15.1%. The default detection probability is 60.1%, the default number of nodes is 1000, the default time step is 1000 ms, and the default initial infected node is only node 0, that is, only the malicious code on node 0 is activated. After start‐up, the whole P2P starts to run, and the number of infected nodes increases. Finally, all nodes are infected. The infection speed becomes faster and faster. When the number of infected nodes reaches about half, the infection speed begins to slow down.
Toxic Spongiform Leukoencephalopathy After Intravenous Heroin Abuse:
Unusual But Important Differential Diagnosis of Acute Impairment of
Consciousness
Authors: Diefenbach Camilla , Lorenz Christine , Weidauer Stefan 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAbuse of heroin vapour inhalation known as “chasing the dragon”
is associated with toxic spongiform leukoencephalopathy. However, similar
clinical and imaging findings may occur also after intravenous heroin abuse. We
report on a 32-year-old male suffering from extensive toxic spongiform
leukoencephalopathy after intravenous heroin abuse resulting in acute impairment
of consciousness and a global state of confusion. MRI disclosed broad and nearly
symmetrical diffusion restriction of the supratentorial white matter indicating
cytotoxic oedema. In an emergency setting, differential diagnosis of acute
impairment of consciousness and broad symmetrical white matter lesions in
neuroimaging should also include toxic leukoencephalopathy due to intravenous
heroin application.
Koffein, Schokolade und Adenosin A2A Rezeptorantagonisten in der
Behandlung des Parkinson Syndroms
Authors: Reichmann Heinz 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Patienten mit einem idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndrom
können offenbar vom Koffeinkonsum profitieren, wie bereits eine Reihe
experimenteller und klinischer Studien belegen.
Methodik Die Übersichtsarbeit untersuchte die vorliegende
Literatur zu Koffein und Parkinson.
Ergebnisse Koffein kann die Blut-Hirn-Schranke durchdringen und
übt seine biologischen Effekte überwiegend durch Antagonisierung
von Adenosin-Rezeptoren aus. Zahlreiche Studien weisen darauf hin, dass Koffein
und seine Derivate Theobromin und Theophylin mit einem reduzierten
Parkinsonrisiko verbunden sind. Koffein und Adenosin-Antagonisten verringern die
Exzitotoxizität durch Glutamat. Evidenz aus Tiermodellen untermauert das
Potential des A2A Rezeptorantagonismus als innovative
Krankheits-verändernde Zielstruktur bei Parkinson
Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Untersuchung
und Synthese von Xanthin-Derivaten sowie deren Analyse in klinischen Studien ein
vielversprechender Ansatz in der Therapie neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen sein
könnten.
Psychosoziale Unterstützung von Menschen mit Colitis ulcerosa
und Reizdarmsyndrom: eine Machbarkeitsstudie zu Bedarf, Fokus und
Durchführbarkeit
Authors: Uhlenbusch Natalie , Manthey Carolin , Nestoriuc Yvonne , Andresen Viola , Lohse Ansgar W. , Löwe Bernd 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Colitis ulcerosa (CU) und Reizdarmsyndrom (RDS) gehen mit
hoher somatischer Symptombelastung, reduzierter Lebensqualität und
psychischen Beschwerden einher. Die subjektive Belastung, der Wunsch vieler
Betroffener und die Beteiligung psychischer Prozesse an der Wahrnehmung der
Symptomatik begründen die Entwicklung psychosozialer
Unterstützungsangebote. Ziel dieser Machbarkeitsstudie war es, Bedarf,
inhaltlichen Fokus und Machbarkeit eines solchen Angebots zu evaluieren.
Betroffene mit CU und RDS wurden parallel eingeschlossen, um
krankheitsspezifische und krankheitsübergreifende Aspekte für
psychosoziale Interventionen zu identifizieren.
Methodik Erwachsene Menschen mit CU oder RDS wurden telefonisch mithilfe
eines standardisierten Interviewleitfadens befragt. Mittels numerischer
Analogskalen sowie offener Fragen wurden Belastungen durch und Umgang mit der
Erkrankung, krankheitsbezogene Erwartungen und Krankheitsangst, Zufriedenheit
mit der Versorgung, Unterstützungs- und Informationsbedarf sowie
Präferenzen hinsichtlich eines Unterstützungsprogramms erfragt.
Deskriptive Kennzahlen zu quantitativen Variablen und diagnosespezifische
Gruppenvergleiche wurden berechnet. Die Antworten zu den offenen Fragen wurden
nah an den Aussagen der Teilnehmenden zusammengefasst und
ausgezählt.
Ergebnisse
n=35 Personen (CU: n=15; RDS: n=20)
nahmen teil (Alter: m=40,8, SD=14,6; 71%
weibl.). Betroffene beider Erkrankungen zeigten ein mittleres Belastungsniveau,
wobei jenes von Personen mit RDS signifikant höher war. Beide Gruppen
berichteten über relevante krankheitsbezogene Ängste, wobei die
Einschränkung durch diese bei RDS-Betroffenen höher war.
Krankheitsbezogene Erwartungen unterschieden sich nicht zwischen den Gruppen.
Patient:innen mit RDS zeigten eine geringe Zufriedenheit mit der Versorgung und
fühlten sich schlechter über ihre Erkrankung informiert als
Betroffene von CU. Beide Gruppen gaben eine hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit an, an einem
psychologischen Unterstützungsprogramm teilzunehmen und benannten
krankheitsbezogene Erwartungen und Krankheitsangst als wichtige Bestandteile
eines solchen.
Diskussion Die Ergebnisse bestätigen den erhöhten Bedarf
und das Interesse an psychosozialer Unterstützung sowie die Relevanz
krankheitsbezogener Erwartungen und Krankheitsangst bei beiden Erkrankungen.
Unterschiede in Symptomwahrnehmung und Bewertung der Versorgung weisen auf die
Notwendigkeit krankheitsspezifischer Elemente in psychosozialen
Unterstützungsangeboten hin.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen den hohen Bedarf an psychosozialer
Unterstützung von Menschen mit CU und RDS und liefern Hinweise auf die
Machbarkeit eines psychosozialen Therapieprogramms.
Psychometrische Eigenschaften einer Kurzskala zur Erfassung von
Alexithymie (SAS-3) in der deutschen
Allgemeinbevölkerung
Authors: Kliem Sören , Zenger Markus , Beller Johannes , Brähler Elmar , Ernst Mareike 
Published: May 2022

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Anzahl wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen der
Alexithymie ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten stark angewachsen, da das Konstrukt
wichtige Implikationen für die psychische Gesundheit hat. Die bisher
verwendeten Inventare sind in der epidemiologischen Forschung, der
Primärversorgung und anderen klinischen Bereichen, in denen Zeit und
Aufwand wichtige Faktoren für Screening und Diagnostik sind, nur von
begrenztem Nutzen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war, auf der Grundlage von Items
der autorisierten deutschen Version der Toronto Alexithymia Scale einen
ultrakurzen Fragebogen zur komprimierten und eindimensionalen Erfassung von
Alexithymie zu entwickeln (die Short Alexithymia Scale; SAS-3).
Methodik Kriterien für die gekürzte Skala waren: (a)
Eindimensionalität (notwendig zur Berechnung eines Summenscores), (b)
ein Item aus jeder der ursprünglich postulierten Dimensionen und (c)
keine invers kodierten Items (zur Vermeidung von Methodenartefakten). Die Daten
stammen aus zwei bundesweiten, repräsentativen deutschen
Bevölkerungsbefragungen: einer Befragung aus dem Jahr 1996 zur
Entwicklung des SAS-3 (N=2,047) und einer Befragung aus dem Jahr 2013
(N=2,508) zur Auswertung und Berechnung der SAS-3 Perzentile.
Ergebnisse Es wurden hypothesenkonforme, substantielle Korrelationen
zwischen SAS-3 und PHQ-2, GAD-2 und GBB-8 festgestellt. Anhand einer
konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse konnte die Eindimensionalität der
SAS-3 bestätigt werden, wobei sehr gute Fit-Indizes erreicht wurden.
Eine zusätzliche Messinvarianzanalyse hinsichtlich des Geschlechts und
verschiedener Altersgruppen ergab eine (teilweise) strikte Invarianz für
die verschiedenen Multigruppenanalysen. Perzentilränge des
SAS-3-Summenscore sind nach Geschlecht und Altersgruppen stratifiziert
angegeben.
Schlussfolgerung Die SAS-3 erscheint geeignet für groß
angelegte epidemiologische Forschungsvorhaben, die klinische
(psychotherapeutische) Praxis und andere Kontexte, in denen eine
ökonomische Erhebung der Alexithymie erforderlich ist.
Construction of Successive Stereogenic Centers of ent-Kauranoid through an Oxidative Dearomatization/1,2-Shift Cascade
Authors: Nakada Masahisa , Imamura Yuki , Mizutani Hikaru 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe construction of the successive stereogenic centers, including an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center, of ent-kauranoid through an oxidative dearomatization/1,2-shift cascade is described. The developed cascade reaction of a substrate bearing a trans-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)vinyl group as the migrating group afforded the desired product in 83% yield. The 1,2-shift in the cascade is strongly affected by a stereoelectronic effect. The X-ray crystal structure of a compound bearing four successive stereogenic centers in the fused-ring moiety of ent-kauranoid diterpene, which was prepared by the oxidative dearomatization/1,2-shift cascade and subsequent stereoselective transformations, is also reported.
Ultrasound-Assisted Rapid Synthesis of Functionalized 1,2-Teraryls by Ring Transformation Methodology
Authors: Singh Fateh V. , Krishnan Manjula 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe function of styryl acetate as a carbanion nucleophile source has been explored in the ring transformation reaction of 2H-pyranones. The ultrasound-assisted carbanion-induced ring transformation of 4-amino-6-aryl-3-cyano-2H-pyran-2-ones using (E)-styryl acetate in the presence of KOH and DMF at room temperature is presented as an alternative strategy for the synthesis of functionalized 1,2-teraryls in high yields. This metal-free methodology provides easy access to a series of 1,2-teraryls and features broad functional group tolerance and mild reaction condition. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 4-(piperidin-1-yl)-6-(thiophen-2-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-carbonitrile indicated that the crystal belongs to monoclinic system with a P21 space group having twisted aryl rings.
Dispersion of ICT-related subject terms in information and knowledge management publications: A Bradford analysis
Authors: Onyancha Omwoyo Bosire , Ocholla Dennis N. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe application of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in information and knowledge management (IKM) has attracted the attention of library and information Science (LIS) scholars in the recent past. The multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary nature of ICTs means that the ICT literature is published in several fields of knowledge. Although Bradford’s law of dispersion is commonly used to determine the core journals in a given field or discipline or topic of study, this study attempts to use the principles of the law to determine the core concepts of ICTs within the information and knowledge management literature. Data was obtained from EBSCO Discovery’s Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts (LISTA) and the Library and Information Science Source (LISS) databases using a variety of keywords as search terms. The procedures of conducting a Bradford analysis were followed to determine the core subject terms in ICTs as reflected in the IKM group of articles published between 1998 and 2017. The results indicate that the application of ICTs in IKM largely occurs in the fields medicine, business and commerce, education and training (higher education and training), decision sciences, and industrial management. It was also noted that the core subjects varied from one study period to another; technology-associated subject terms were largely visible; and the dispersion of subject terms fits the Bradford’s dispersion. We however noted that the dispersion of articles according to Bradford’s zones is not accurately representative of the principles of the Law. The study has implications for collection development, searching and retrieval practices, and the application of Bradford’s law beyond the analysis of core journals or publications in not only IKM but also in the field of library and information science.
Isolated terawatt sub-attosecond high-energy x-ray pulse generated by an x-ray free-electron laser
Authors: Shim Chi Hyun , Nam Ki Moon , Parc Yong Woon , Kim Dong Eon 
Published: May 2022

The endless quest for dynamics in natural phenomena has resulted in the generation and application of attosecond pulses to trace electron dynamics in atomic and molecular systems. The next challenge is to generate powerful pulses on the zeptosecond time scale, which is currently inaccessible. Through a simulation study, a new type of x-ray source that can generate an isolated terawatt sub-attosecond pulse at high-energy x rays by combining attosecond pulse technology with free-electron laser technology is proposed. The successful generation of a sub-attosecond pulse necessitates the consideration of nanometer-wide current-spikes, the sub-attosecond pulse amplification, and pulse duration and background noise control. The underlying interaction mechanism between a sub-attosecond pulse and a current-spike is closely investigated using the simulation results. The proposed method is expected to produce an isolated ∼700 zs pulse with a peak output of 2.9 TW at a photon energy of 247.5 keV.