bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERSON-CENTERED PRACTICE OF NURSES IN LONG-TERM CARE HOSPITALS
Authors: Kim Su Hyun , Choi Yoon Saeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
This study investigates how professional competence, professional commitment, and nursing organizational culture influence the implementation of person-centered care by nurses in long-term care facilities. Method: A sample of 131 nurses from seven long-term care hospitals in South Korea participated in this research. Standardized measures were utilized to assess professional competence, professional commitment, nursing organizational culture, and person-centered care. Data analysis was conducted using hierarchical multiple regression analysis.

Results
Nurses in long-term care hospitals displayed average scores of 4.77±0.84 for professional competence and 4.27±0.89 for professional commitment on a scale of 1 to 7, and 3.45±0.44 for person-centered care on a scale of 1 to 5. Notably, nurses scored highest in relation-oriented culture and lowest in task-oriented culture. Professional competence (β=.59, p&lt;.001) and innovation-oriented culture (β=.36, p&lt;.001) significantly impacted person-centered care, explaining 52.5% of the variance.

Conclusion
Improving person-centered care in long-term care settings requires interventions aimed at enhancing nurses’ professional competence and cultivating an innovation-oriented nursing organizational culture.
PROTEOMIC BRAIN AGE GAP, DEMENTIA RISK, AND BRAIN VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Kou Minghao , Ma Hao , Wang Xuan , Qi Lu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Aging is the most profound risk factor for dementia, yet the molecular basis for brain aging and dementia remains largely unknown. We utilized levels of proteins primarily originating from the brain to measure brain-specific aging signature (age gap) and assessed its associations with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular dementia. We analyzed Olink Explore 1536 proteomics data from 45,113 UK Biobank participants, followed until December 31, 2022. Machine learning models estimated the brain age gap based on 53 brain-enriched proteins, demonstrating strong correlation with chronological age (Spearman r = 0.84). Per-unit increment in the brain age gap z-score was associated with significantly elevated risks of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.82 [1.69-1.96]), AD (2.12 [1.88-2.39]), and vascular dementia (1.91 [1.58-2.31]), respectively. Notably, 2.1% of the study population exhibited extreme brain aging defined as brain age gap z-score &lt;-2 or &gt;2, correlating with over 4-fold increased risks of all-cause dementia and vascular dementia (4.39 [2.94–6.55] and 4.16 [1.27–13.64], respectively), and up to 6-fold increased risk of AD (HR 6.15 [3.35–11.28]). These findings were corroborated by Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments showing that a higher brain age gap aligns with cortex atrophy and increased white matter hyperintensity. Conclusively, the proteomic brain age gap serves as a meaningful indicator of brain structural degeneration and dementia risk, independent of chronological age.
USE OF OCULOMETRICS AS AN AT HOME BRAIN HEALTH MONITORING TOOL: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Kennedy Quinn , Hernandez Beatriz , Liston Dorion 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Quick, objective brain health assessments are needed to monitor long term cognitive function. Oculometrics, the measurement of eye movements, may be one solution as they can quantify the health of cortical circuitry associated with perception and motor tracking. Our previous work demonstrated that an oculometric task is sensitive to a wide range of neurocognitive function. The purpose of this case study was to examine the feasibility of using an oculometric task as an at home brain health monitoring tool. The five-minute task is based on a classic step-ramp visual tracking paradigm that was administered on a PC computer with a camera and eye tracking capability. It yields 10 z-scored eye tracking metrics that are computed into a summary score. A 51-year-old woman completed the oculometric task at home on 138 days over the course of six months and recorded notes regarding anything that may have impacted performance. Data was successfully captured on 111 days (mean score = 0.02 (s =.48)). Distractions in the environment (n = 15 instances) led to worse performance (mean score = -0.37 (s =.51)). Poor sleep the night before (n = 7 instances) also may impair performance (mean score = -.051 (s =.52). Anecdotally, worse scores after poor sleep motivated the participant to improve her sleep habits. Longitudinal plots indicated improvement in the task over the first few weeks, then scores stabilized. Results provide preliminary support for oculometrics as an at-home brain health monitoring tool but point to challenges in controlling environmental factors.
BLOOD-BASED CARDIAC BIOMARKERS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Authors: Shearon Jennifer , Rushing Baylie , Love Madeleine , Head Denise 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mixed findings regarding effects of physical activity on the brain in later adulthood motivate further research into mechanisms and moderators of potential effects. Cardiovascular health could be part of a mechanistic pathway and/or a moderator of physical activity effects. While there are myriad indicators of cardiovascular health, blood-based cardiac markers may prove particularly sensitive. One goal of this study was to investigate associations of two blood-based markers of cardiovascular health with physical activity/cardiorespiratory fitness. The second aim was to examine the moderating effect of cardiac biomarkers in associations of physical activity/fitness with neurotrophins, considered molecular mechanisms of physical activity effects, as well as with hippocampal volumes. Cognitively normal participants in the Knight ADRC Adult Children Study (n=56, ages 43-85) completed a blood draw for assessment of cardiac biomarkers (high sensitivity cardiac troponin T, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide) and neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor). Composites were created for cardiac biomarkers and for neurotrophins. Participants completed a submaximal exercise test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness and wore an actigraphy watch for seven days, from which a physical activity composite score was created. Hippocampal volumes were from the most recent MRI scan. Higher physical activity was associated with lower levels of cardiac biomarkers (p=0.03). There was no moderating effect of cardiac biomarkers on associations between physical activity and neurotrophin levels (p=0.74) or physical activity and hippocampal volumes (p=0.24). Blood-based cardiac biomarkers may be useful for considering mechanistic associations between physical activity and cardiovascular health in larger samples.
DECLINE IN EXERCISE IN OLD AGE: LONGITUDINAL EVIDENCE OF DISTANCE TO DEATH AND THE ROLE OF SELF-PERCEPTIONS OF AGING
Authors: Zhang Zheyuan , Wen Wan , Mejia Shannon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As individuals age, they are more likely to face health issues and physical mobility constraints associated with mortality, resulting in a decrease in engagement in physical activities during their later life stages. This decrease in activity can adversely impact their longevity and well-being. Self-perceptions of aging (SPA) constitute a crucial psychological resource for older adults. More positive SPAs have a protective effect against health decline and encourage the adoption of healthier behaviors. However, the impact of SPA on health behaviors towards the end of life, especially in moderating the relationship between the proximity to death and exercise engagement, remains insufficiently explored. This study used 10-year longitudinal data from deceased participants of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) (N=9,778, age range:62~117, 59% female). After excluding observations with missing data, a total of 12,027 observations were analyzed. Multilevel models showed that as older adults approached the end of life, their likelihood of engaging in physical activity decreased. However, positive SPA can mitigate this decline. These insights underscore the importance of SPA in health promotion interventions aimed at enhancing physical activity among older adults, offering strategies to increase exercise participation in their later years.
EFFECT OF EXERCISE OR MENTAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES ON INTRAINDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY OF COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN STROKE
Authors: Dimri Vrinda , Silva Nárlon Cássio Boa Sorte , Balbim Guilherme , Eng Janice , Liu-Ambrose Teresa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stroke is associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment. Evidence has shown exercise to be a useful strategy for improving cognitive function in this population. Intraindividual variability (IIV), a sensitive measure of cognitive performance, is the within-person trial-to-trial variation in reaction time during cognitive tasks. Whether exercise training also improves IIV of cognitive performance in stroke is unknown. The study was a six-month single-blinded, 3-group parallel randomised controlled trial. Participants included community dwelling adults (N= 119, 38.7% female) with a history of stroke, aged above 55 years (mean= 70.71, SD= 8.59), able to walk 6 meters, and without dementia. Participants were randomly allocated to twice-weekly supervised classes of 1) exercise training (EX); (2) cognitive and social activities (ENRICH); or (3) a balance and tone (BAT; control). Residualised intraindividual standard deviation (rISD) was used as measure of IIV and computed using trial latencies of a computerised Stroop Task. IIV was assessed at baseline, 6-and-12 months. At 6-and-12 months, there was no significant reduction in IIV for all three groups. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the IIV scores of the EX and BAT (estimated mean difference= 0.30, SE= 0.53, p-value = 0.89) or ENRICH and BAT (estimated mean difference= 0.64, SE= 0.55, p-value = 0.40) groups. The findings suggest that a 6-month program of exercise or mental and social activities does not significantly impact IIV of cognitive performance in stroke. Further studies are required to determine if IIV can be improved using other types of exercise or cognitive training programs.
EFFECTS OF PHYSIO-FEEDBACK EXERCISE PROGRAM (PEER) ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Suarez Jethro Raphael , Park Joon-Hyuk , Xie Rui , Lafontant Kworweinski , Thiamwong Ladda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Adults aged 60 years and older are the most sedentary group in the United States. Low levels of physical activity (PA) and high levels of sedentary behavior (SB) increase the risk for developing diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate intervention strategies that help increase PA and decrease SB levels in older adults. This study was an 8-week, Physio-fEedback Exercise pRogram (PEER), aimed at improving PA levels and balance while reducing the fall risk of community-dwelling older adults by providing visual physio-feedback on balance and body composition, cognitive reframing to lower the fear of falling, and a peer-led group exercise. We conducted a preliminary analysis of 55 community-dwelling older adults aged 61 to 89 years (49 women, 6 men; mean age = 73.75 ± 7.28 years) in low-income settings to determine if the intervention influenced PA levels. Total PA levels were measured across 7 consecutive days using the ActiGraph GT9X Link wireless activity monitor at baseline and post-intervention for a control (n = 31) and intervention group (n = 24), and categorized as sedentary behavior (SB), light PA (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). PA was compared between groups using Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, but significant differences were not found. However, the PEER group showed a decrease in total SB mean (208.64 min), increase in total LPA mean (89.99 min), and increase in total MVPA median (8.75 min) between baseline and post-intervention. The results show that PEER has the potential to impact PA levels, but more research is warranted.
EXPLORING BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN EUROPEAN MIDLIFE AND OLDER ADULT SAMPLES
Authors: Broen Tiana , Aichele Stephen , Feliciano Leilani 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is an adaptable and accessible health-promoting behavior with wide-ranging benefits (e.g., reduced risk for diabetes, heart disease, and all-cause mortality). However, only 24.3% of U.S. adults meet current recommendations for PA (150 minutes of moderate-intensity PA and 2 days of muscle strengthening activity per week). It is therefore crucial to understand factors that may support increased engagement in PA. The current study used a random forest machine learning analysis (RFA) alongside a conventional parametric methodology (i.e., linear multiple regression) to evaluate the relative importance of 58 risk/protective factors for PA (moderate and strenuous activity) in a population-representative sample of middle-aged and older adults (N = 67,603; 56.1% women; ages 45-105y; 18 countries) from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE Wave 6). For both women and men, top predictors identified through RFA included variables related to socio-demographics (age, sex, education, country), physical and functional health (mobility, self-rated health, grip strength), as well as variables related to mental health (cognitive performance, depressive symptoms) and socio-relational engagement (caring for others outside of the home, social connectedness). Follow-up hierarchical regressions showed that key predictors accounted for 35% of variability in PA, with contributions as follows: socio-demographic (20%), health/mobility (12%), and cognitive and socio-relational (3%). Together, these results indicate that PA is influenced by multiple bio-psycho-social factors and suggest that future interventions to promote PA may benefit by considering such constellations.
MEASUREMENT OF EXERCISE SELF-REGULATORY EFFICACY IN OLDER US VETERANS WITH COPD
Authors: Bamonti Patricia , Wingood Mariana , Robinson Stephanie , Rose Grace , Moy Marilyn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Physical activity promotion and exercise are essential in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a life-limiting disease that causes dyspnea and fatigue. Exercise self-regulatory efficacy is an individual’s confidence to exercise despite barriers and is an essential component to increasing physical activity/exercise. Exercise Self-Regulatory Efficacy scale (Ex-SRES) was developed and initially validated to measure one underlying factor in a small sample of adults with COPD. Research is needed examining the psychometric properties of the scale with larger samples, utilizing objective measures of physical functioning, to further establish its psychometric properties. Secondary analyses were performed on baseline assessment of two cohorts of U.S. Veterans with COPD who participated in a physical activity intervention (n=191; age M =68±8; 97% male;93.2% White). The Ex-SRES asked how confident participants felt they could exercise given 16 unique barriers. Daily steps were assessed for 7-10 days, and exercise endurance was assessed via the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). The St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) assessed health-related quality of life and participants self-reported frequency of days walking for exercise/week. The Ex-SRES demonstrated reliability (Cronbach’s α =.94) and convergent validity: average steps/day (r=.22), 6-MWT distance (r=.25), SGRQ (r=-.20), and walking (r=.30) (p’s&lt;.01). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated acceptable fit of a unidimensional factor structure, χ2(458.07, p &lt;.001; SRMR = 0.06; χ2/df = 4.4). Findings are consistent with prior research demonstrating a unidimensional factor structure. However, room for improved model fit is noted. Future research is needed exploring whether a multi-dimensional factor structure may improve fit.
THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND MORTALITY AMONG RECENTLY HOSPITALIZED OLDER ADULTS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Burch Brittany , Resnick Barbara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Even though the period following hospitalization is a critical time for physical activity, recently hospitalized older adults with dementia spend 83.3% of their days sedentary. Filling a research gap, this study aims to test the hypothesis that greater amounts of physical activity at one month post discharge is associated with lower mortality over the first year post discharge. We obtained the variable of “physical activity one month post discharge” through application of the MotionWatch8 accelerometer for 24 hours between 30-60 days after hospital discharge. We obtained the variable of “mortality status over one year post discharge” through care partners’ report of participant death or alive status at 6 months and 1 year post hospital discharge. We performed simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression, controlling for comorbidities, age, and cognitive status. Among 42 recently discharged older adults with dementia, we found that participants’ amount of time spent in physical activity one month post discharge was not statistically significantly associated with mortality within one year post discharge (Simple Logistic Regression: OR=.996, CI=.992,1.000; p=.053; Multiple Logistic Regression: OR=.996, CI=.992,1.001; p=.095). However, we did observe a strong trend. In particular, the data suggests that as a recently discharged person with dementia increases their time spent in physical activity by 10 daily minutes, the odds that they will die over the next year decreases by 4%. This demonstrates the critical importance of physical activity following hospital discharge among older adults with dementia and the need to test this association in a larger sample.
THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON BRAIN FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY IN ADULTS AGED 55–65 EXPOSED TO EXPERIMENTAL BED REST
Authors: Balbim Guilherme , Hsu Chun-Liang , Tai Daria , Duchesne Simon , Madden Kenneth , Liu-Ambrose Teresa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bed rest can occur because of chronic conditions, injury, or hospitalization and initiate a downward spiral of deleterious changes in several body systems. Exercise is a countermeasure to many of these changes. However, its impact on middle-aged and older adults’ brain functional connectivity (FC) during bed rest remains unexplored. We examined the effects of exercise on brain resting-state FC in adults exposed to 14 days of experimental 6° head-down bed rest (HDBR). We conducted a non-blinded, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial with 23 healthy adults aged 55-65. Participants were randomized to either 14 days of HDBR (CON) or 14 days of HDBR with daily aerobic and strength exercise training (EX). At baseline and HDBR completion, participants underwent brain structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance (MRI). Resting-state MRI preprocessing was performed using the FMRIPREP version 20.2.3. We extracted preprocessed resting-state time-series from a priori networks of interest based on Yeo’s 7-network parcellation. We conducted complete-case data analysis (NEX=11; NCON=8). Analysis of covariance explored EX effects on resting-state FC after controlling for baseline resting-state FC and baseline physical activity assessed by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Changes in EX resting-state FC within- and between- the Visual, Sensorimotor, Dorsal Attention, Ventral Attention, Fronto-Executive, Frontoparietal, and Default Mode Networks were not statistically significant compared with CON (all ps &gt; 0.05). Exposure to 14 days of experimental HDBR or 14 days of daily aerobic and strength exercise training in HDBR did not elicit changes in brain resting-state FC of healthy middle-aged and older adults.
USING QUALITATIVE METHODS TO CULTURALLY ADAPT A COMMUNITY-ENGAGED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY INTERVENTION FOR LATINOS
Authors: Zlatar Zvinka , Lujan Lazaro Martinez , Greenwood-Hickman Mikael Anne , Cooper Julie , Acevedo Stefani Florez , Vargas Andrea-Paula , Rosenberg Dori 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hispanics/Latinos are at increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (ADRD), but culturally adapted interventions to prevent ADRD in this high-risk population are scarce. We aimed to develop a community-engaged physical activity (PA) intervention to lower ADRD risk among middle-aged and older Hispanic/Latino adults through qualitative feedback from a community advisory board (CAB) and pilot study participants. Ten Hispanic/Latino community members (average age = 67.2, 90% female, 90% Spanish-speaking) participated in a 3-week pre-post remote PA study. Participants received a Fitbit and two health coaching calls from a bilingual/bicultural health coach. Qualitative data were collected through two focus groups with pilot participants and two CAB meetings (seven members) to inform the culturally adapted intervention. Thematic analysis of transcribed and translated focus groups was conducted. Themes from notes taken at CAB meetings were also compiled. Focus group data themes highlighted that the intervention was well-received, with participants recognizing the cognitive benefits of PA engagement, the significance of prioritizing time to oneself, an increased sense of commitment, and identifying the Fitbit as an effective tool as facilitators. Barriers to engagement included life obligations, ingrained habits, adverse weather, and challenges related to physical and mental health factors. The CAB helped to design the study logo and recruitment materials while pilot participants identified a desire for group activities and face-to-face interaction with study staff. Participant and CAB feedback was instrumental in the cultural adaptation process to refine the intervention. Community-engaged approaches are crucial for ADRD prevention in high-risk Hispanic/Latino older adults.
FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS AND WELL-BEING THROUGHOUT THE ADULT LIFESPAN: THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED BURDENSOMENESS
Authors: Williams Claire , Dautovich Natalie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Functional limitations represent individuals’ difficulty with completing essential activities of daily living. Though functional limitations have been linked to poorer well-being outcomes, less is known about potential protective factors for well-being in the lived experience of functional limitations. This study aimed to examine the potential moderating effect of perceived burdensomeness on the association between functional limitations and life satisfaction, a common indicator of well-being, across the adult lifespan. The present study used archival data from 696 individuals who participated in the Midlife in the United States Refresher study. Participants’ perceived burdensomeness significantly moderated the association between functional limitation status and life satisfaction (B = 0.18, p =.0486) after controlling for gender identity (B = 0.003, p = 0.9461) and racial identity (B = 0.03, p = 0.0724). The negative association between functional limitations and life satisfaction was stronger for those with a higher degree of perceived burden. Interestingly, age did not emerge as a significant secondary moderator in this model. Therefore, it seems that the buffering effect of a low level of perceived burden may be salient across age groups. The current study provides support for the importance of perceived burdensomeness in the lived experience of functional limitations across the adult lifespan. In the future, clinicians should consider integrating mental health screeners in healthcare settings in order to identify at-risk individuals who are experiencing functional limitations, and potentially consider establishing preventative, education-based interventions concerning sleep in the experience of functional limitations.