bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological and mycotoxicological analyses of processed cereal‐based complementary foods for infants and young children from the German market
Authors: Rehagel Christina , Akineden Ömer , Usleber Ewald 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis study investigated several food safety criteria in 38 different commercial products of processed cereal‐based foods (PCF) from the German market. Microbiological assessment, followed by 16S RNA gene sequencing of suspect colonies, included aerobic mesophilic bacteria, moulds, Enterobacteriaceae, Cronobacter spp., and presumptive Bacillus cereus. Mycotoxin analyses were performed by enzyme immunoassays for deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), T‐2/HT‐2 toxins (T‐2/HT‐2; oat containing products only), ergot alkaloids (EA), and alternariol (AOH). No violative result above existing European Union regulations or international guidelines was obtained. Most samples had very low aerobic mesophilic cell counts (<2.0 × 101 CFU/g), the maximum was 9.6 × 102 CFU/g. A few samples contained low numbers of opportunistic pathogens, most notably Cronobacter sakazakii, Acinetobacter spp., Pantoea spp., and enterotoxigenic Bacillus wiedmannii. Levels of mycotoxin contamination were very low, well below European Union maximum limits. DON was found in 10 samples, at levels of 9–35 µg/kg. T‐2/HT‐2 were found in all 15 oat‐based products (1–8 µg/kg). All samples were negative for ZEN and EA. A high number (n = 25) of samples yielded weakly positive results for the nonregulated AOH (0.4–2 µg/kg), but just three samples exceeded a level of 1 µg/kg. No relationship between cereal composition and analytical findings for microbiological parameters and mycotoxins could be found. As long as PCF meals are freshly prepared and consumed immediately after preparation, the risk from sporadically occurring opportunistic bacteria appears to be minimal.
Fatty acid profile, sterols, and squalene content comparison between two conventional (olive oil and linseed oil) and three non‐conventional vegetable oils (echium oil, hempseed oil, and moringa oil)
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Luna Katherine , Ansorena Diana , Astiasarán Iciar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNew sources of bioactive compounds are constantly explored for reformulating healthier foods. This work aimed to explore and characterize the fatty acid profile and sterol content of three non‐conventional oils used in functional food products (hempseed oil, moringa oil, and echium oil) and to compare them with two conventional ones (extra virgin olive oil [EVOO] and linseed oil). Oxidative stability was assessed by determining their acidity value and peroxide content. All oils showed adequate values for acidity and oxidation status. Echium and hempseed oils showed a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (>70%), especially omega‐3 fatty acids, while moringa oil was rich in oleic acid. Echium oil, hempseed oil, and moringa oil presented higher sterol content than EVOO, but lower than that of linseed oil. Sitosterol was the most abundant sterol in all samples (97.88–275.36 mg/100 g oil), except in echium oil, where campesterol (170.62 mg/100 g oil) was the major sterol. Squalene was only found in significant amounts in EVOO. In conclusion, non‐conventional oils seem to be interesting sources of bioactive compounds and have great potential for the food industry.Practical ApplicationNon‐conventional vegetable oils can be used as alternative sources of lipids in a variety of food products. Additionally, these oils have great potential to be included in the formulation of functional ingredients for the delivery of omega‐3 fatty acids, antioxidants, fiber, among others.
Effect of tea polyphenols on the quality of Chinese steamed bun and the action mechanism
Authors: He Wen‐Jing , Chen Nan , Yu Zhi‐Long , Sun Qun , He Qiang , Zeng Wei‐Cai 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEffect of tea polyphenols (TP) on the quality of Chinese steamed bun (CSB) was investigated, while the interaction and action mechanism between TP and vital wheat gluten (VWG, constitutive proteins of flour) were further explored. With a low concentration (1%) of TP, CSB showed positive changes in quality, and the hardness of CSB decreased by 33.95%, while its specific volume, springiness, and resilience separately increased by 1.8%, 11.9%, and 5.5%, whereas the higher concentrations of TP (2% and 4%) caused an adverse impact. By observation of scanning electron microscope, VWG formed a fluffier structure with a low concentration of TP, while the structure deteriorated at high concentration of TP. In addition, the secondary and tertiary structures of VWG were both changed by TP. Along with the results of thermodynamic analysis (thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry measurements), TP could induce the structural rearrangement of VWG. Further, a lower amidogen and sulfhydryl contents of VWG were obtained in TP groups, which illustrated that peptide and disulfide bonds of VWG were not possibly interrupted by TP. Instead, hydrophobic residues of VWG were bonded to form a more hydrophilic structure. Moreover, according to molecular docking results, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate interacted tightly with VWG by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic actions, and the action sites were mainly at hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues. All results suggested that the VWG structure was affected greatly by TP, and a low dose of TP might be potential to improve the quality of flour products.Practical ApplicationThe physicochemical properties of gluten show the significant effects on the quality of flour products in food industry. In the present study, a low dose of tea polyphenols exhibited a strengthened effect on gluten, so as to ameliorate the texture of Chinese steamed bun (CSB) due to their tight interactions with gluten, while the color of CSB was changed to brown as tea polyphenols. All results suggested that a low dose of tea polyphenols could be potentially utilized to improve flour quality and enhance gluten strength in food industry.
Suicidal ideation and ECT, ECT and suicidal ideation: A register study
Authors: Sienaert Pascal , Brus Ole , Lambrichts Simon , Lundberg Johan , Nordanskog Pia , Obbels Jasmien , Verspecht Shauni , Vansteelandt Kristof , Nordenskjöld Axel 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveAlthough electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is anti‐suicidal, it is not known whether the presence of suicidal ideation (SI) at baseline predicts response and remission after ECT. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of baseline SI on response and remission following ECT treatment in a large sample of patients with depression and to assess SI before and after ECT.MethodsThis population‐based register study used data from the Swedish National Quality Register for ECT and the Swedish Patient Register. Patients aged 18 years or older who had received ECT for a unipolar or bipolar depressive episode between 2011 and 2018 were included in the study. SI was defined as a score of ≥4 on the last item of the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale – Self Assessment (MADRS‐S). Using a logistic regression model, SI at baseline was used to predict response and remission following ECT, while controlling for depression severity, psychotic symptoms, presence of a comorbid personality disorder, age, sex, electrode position, unipolar or bipolar disorder, and number of previous suicide attempts at baseline.ResultsIn patients who exhibited SI at baseline, 53.7% (N = 632) of cases showed a response to ECT, whereas 68.4% (N = 690) of patients without SI showed a response. In addition, 27.2% (N = 320) of cases with SI achieved remission, whereas 48.5% (N = 489) of cases without SI achieved remission. The odds of achieving response and remission for patients with SI were 0.75 and 0.58 times, respectively, those for patients without SI. Of the 1178 patients with pre‐treatment SI, 75.64% (N = 891) exhibited no SI at the end of treatment. Moreover, in this subgroup, the presence of a personality disorder, higher MADRS‐S‐score, and younger age were associated with persistent SI.ConclusionThe presence of SI was associated with lower ECT response and remission rates. Nevertheless, depressive symptoms and SI were reduced in a large proportion of patients across both patient groups. Clinicians should be aware of the lower likelihood of achieving a successful outcome following ECT in younger patients who present with a non‐psychotic depressive episode, SI, and (suspected) personality disorders. More research is warranted regarding if these patients can achieve similar or better results with other treatments.
Child mental health problems as a risk factor for academic underachievement: A multi‐informant, population‐based study
Authors: Schuurmans Isabel K. , Tamayo Martinez Nathalie , Blok Elisabet , Hillegers Manon H. J. , Ikram M. Arfan , Luik Annemarie I. , Cecil Charlotte A. M. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether child mental health problems prospectively associate with IQ‐achievement discrepancy (i.e., academic under‐ and over‐achievement) in emerging adolescence. The secondary aims were to test whether these associations are specific to certain mental health problems, to assess potential sex differences, and to examine whether associations are robustly observed across multiple informants (i.e., maternal and teacher‐reports).MethodsThis study included 1,577 children from the population‐based birth cohort the Generation R Study. Child mental health problems at age 6 were assessed by mothers and teachers using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Teacher's Report Form. The IQ‐achievement discrepancy was quantified as the standardized residuals of academic achievement regressed on IQ, where IQ was measured with four tasks from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Fifth Edition around age 13 and academic attainment was measured with the Cito test, a national Dutch academic test, at the end of elementary school (12 years of age).ResultsMental health problems at age 6 were associated with IQ‐achievement discrepancy at age 12, with more problems associating with greater academic underachievement. When examining specific mental health problems, we found that attention problems was the only mental health problem to independently associate with the IQ‐achievement discrepancy (adjusted standardized difference per 1‐standard deviation, mother: −0.11, p < 0.001, 95% CI [−0.16, −0.06]; teacher: −0.13, p < 0.001, 95% CI [−0.18, −0.08]). These associations remained after adjusting for co‐occurring mental health problems. The overall pattern of associations was consistent across boys and girls and across informants.ConclusionMental health problems during the transition from kindergarten to elementary school associate with academic underachievement at the end of elementary school. These associations were primarily driven by attention problems, as rated by both mothers and teachers—suggesting that strategies targeting attention problems may be a particularly promising avenue for improving educational performance irrespective of IQ, although this should be established more thoroughly through further research.
Entertaining Beliefs in Economic Mobility
Authors: Kim Eunji 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAmericans have long believed in upward mobility and the narrative of the American Dream. Even in the face of rising income inequality and substantial empirical evidence that economic mobility has declined in recent decades, many Americans remain convinced of the prospects for upward mobility. What explains this disconnect? I argue that their media diets play an important role in explaining this puzzle. Specifically, contemporary Americans are watching a record number of entertainment TV programs that emphasize “rags‐to‐riches” narratives. I demonstrate that such shows have become a ubiquitous part of the media landscape over the last two decades. Online and lab‐in‐the‐field experiments as well as national surveys show that exposure to these programs increases viewers’ beliefs in the American Dream and promotes internal attributions of wealth. Media exemplars present in what Americans leisurely consume every day can powerfully distort economic perceptions and have important implications for public preferences for economic redistribution.
The importance of prejudice against persons with disabilities
Authors: Gunderson Morley , Lee Byron , Lomas Guenther 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBased on the Canadian 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS), we estimate the effect of prejudice on the earnings of persons with a disability. We extract external information from medical and psychology studies that record the degree of prejudice against specific disabilities and link those prejudice indices to our disability categories. We find that the earnings of persons with a disability are strongly affected by the degree of prejudice associated with their disability, after controlling for the wide range of other factors that can affect earnings.
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1α promotes osteolytic lesion of oral squamous cell carcinoma by SHH‐dependent osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Qiao Qiao , Xu Le , Li Qingxiang , Wang Yifei , Lu Han , Zhao Ning , Pu Yinfei , Wang Lin , Guo Yuxing , Guo Chuanbin 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive tumor that usually invades the maxilla or mandible. The extent and pattern of mandibular bone invasion caused by OSCC are the most important factors determining the treatment plan and patients' prognosis. Yet, the process of mandibular invasion is not fully understood. The following study explores the molecular mechanism that regulates the mandibular invasion of OSCC by focusing on bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1α (BMPR1α) and Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signals. We found that BMPR1α was positively correlated to bone defect of OSCC patients. Mechanistically, BMPR1α signaling regulated the differentiation and resorption activity of osteoclasts through the interaction of OSCC cells and osteoclast progenitors, and this process was mediated by SHH secreted by tumor cells. The inhibition of SHH protected bone from tumor‐induced osteolytic activity. These results provide a potential new treatment strategy for controlling OSCC from invading the jawbones.
Myocardial perfusion by CMR coronary sinus flow shows sex differences and lowered perfusion at stress in patients with suspected microvascular angina
Authors: Gyllenhammar Tom , Carlsson Marcus , Jögi Jonas , Arheden Håkan , Engblom Henrik 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundPatients with chest pain may have normal coronary arteries and suffer from microvascular angina (MVA). The aim of this study was to determine if patients with suspected MVA have lower global myocardial perfusion (global MP) during adenosine stress compared with healthy controls and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and to determine if there are sex differences in global MP.MethodsTwenty‐three patients with suspected MVA (66 ± 11 years), 19 CAD patients (69 ± 5 years) with stress‐induced ischaemia and 24 healthy controls (61 ± 10 years) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) including coronary sinus flow measurements and first‐pass perfusion at rest and during adenosine stress. Global MP was quantified as coronary sinus flow normalized to left ventricular mass.ResultsGlobal perfusion was lower during stress in patients with suspected MVA (2.9 ± 1.0 ml/min/g) compared with healthy volunteers (3.7 ± 1.1 ml/min/g, p = 0.018), but higher compared with CAD patients (2.0 ± 0.9 ml/min/g, p = 0.019). Female controls had higher global MP than male controls both at rest (1.0 ± 0.3 vs. 0.7 ± 0.2 ml/min/g, p = 0.003) and during stress (4.4 ± 1.0 vs. 3.1 ± 0.6 ml/min/g, p = 0.001). Furthermore, females with suspected MVA showed higher global MP than males with suspected MVA (3.3 ± 1.0 vs. 2.4 ± 0.7, p = 0.04).ConclusionsPatients with suspected MVA have lower global MP at stress than healthy volunteers but higher than patients with CAD. Furthermore, there seems to be a sex difference in global MP at stress both in healthy volunteers and in patients with suspected MVA, with higher global MP in females, which implies a need for sex‐specific normal limits when assessing quantitative MP.
Safety of glucose‐6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficient donors in living right lobe liver donation
Authors: Dogar Abdul Wahab , Ullah Kaleem , Ghaffar Abdul , Ud‐din Shams‐ , Hussain Azhar , Ahmed Hafiz Bilal , Abbas Syed Hasnain , Ud‐din Siraj , Hamza Muhammad Ameer , Husnain Ali , Shoaib Azam , Ahmed Bilal , Raza Hamid , Zafar Munaza , Baig Muhammad Asif , Qaiser Muhammad Affan , Shahwani Asmat Ullah , Gupta Subhash 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe literature lacks data on World Health Organization (WHO) class II and III deficient liver donors who underwent right hepatectomy during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we compared the perioperative outcomes of 15 glucose‐6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient living liver donors with a matched cohort of 39 nondeficient living liver donors undergoing right lobe donation.ResultsOut of 15 G6PD deficient donors, four (26.67%) donors had class II, and 11 (73.34%) had class III G6PD deficiency. The mean postoperative trough hemoglobin level was significantly lower in the deficient group than the nondeficient group (9.38 ± 1.59 g/dL vs. 10.27 ± .91 g/dL, p = .046). The mean peak indirect bilirubin level was significantly higher in the deficient group than the nondeficient group (2.22 ± 1.38 mg/dL vs. 1.40 ± .89 mg/dL, p = .047), and a similar trend was observed in total serum bilirubin (3.99 ± 2.57 mg/dL vs. 2.99 ± 1.46 mg/dL, p = .038). Biochemical evidence of hemolysis was found only in three (20%) deficient donors, but none of them needed a blood transfusion. No mortality was observed in either group. All other parameters, including demographics, operative parameters, graft characteristics, and hospital stay were comparable between both groups (p > .05).ConclusionG6PD deficiency with WHO class II and above should not be considered a contraindication for right lobe donation.
Discrete embryonic character variation uncovers hidden ecological adaptations in lacertid lizards
Authors: Schlindwein Xenia , Yaryhin Oleksandr , Werneburg Ingmar 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEmbryogenesis is the first step in the ontogenetic life journey of any individual, and is thus a starting point for natural selection to cause evolutionary change. There are slight variations in the timing of embryonic development, known as heterochrony, which may eventually lead to major differences in adult anatomy. To test this hypothesis, the embryonic development of three closely related lizard species, Darevskia armeniaca, Lacerta agilis, and L. viridis, which are adapted to different habitats, was compared by analyzing discrete timing characters. Both intra‐ and interspecific variation was detected. The latter may be interpreted as embryonic pre‐adaptions to later adult lifestyles, demonstrating that developmental penetrance manifests within a few million years. Traits with large intraspecific temporal variation, such as limb‐related features, were susceptible to natural selection. In particular, the mountain‐dwelling, climbing species D. armeniaca showed embryonic preadaptions by an early developing limb anlagen. This observation demonstrated interspecific variation, which was elusive in a previous comparative study based on purely metric data of developing limb lengths, and highlighted the importance of multiple data sources to draw robust conclusions about evolutionary change. Timing differences indicated unexplored ecological adaptations of the poorly understood lifestyle of these lizards. Thus, embryonic research provides a platform to explore superficially hidden evolutionary adaptations of all organisms on Earth.
Evaluation of fetal cardiac morphology and functions in pregnant women with familial Mediterranean fever
Authors: Oluklu Deniz , Kara Ozgur , Turgut Ezgi , Goncu Ayhan Sule , Yildirim Muradiye , Sahin Dilek 
Published: March 2022

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate and compare fetal cardiac morphology and functions of pregnant women with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and healthy pregnant women.MethodsThe study included 34 pregnant women with FMF and 68 healthy pregnant women matched with maternal age, gravidity, parity, gestational age, and pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in 34th–37th gestational weeks. Fetal echocardiographic evaluation was performed with two‐dimensional (2D) imaging, M‐mode imaging, pulsed wave (PW) Doppler, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).ResultsFetal cardiac morphological measures, including cardiothoracic ratio, cardiac axis angle, right and left ventricular area, sphericity index, and ventricular septal thickness was similar in both groups. Compared with the control group, myocardial performance index (MPI), which indicates global myocardial performance, was significantly higher, and ejection time (ET) was significantly shortened in the FMF group. In addition, which shows the diastolic functional parameters such as, tricuspid E wave, E/A, E/E' ratio, and mitral E wave, E/A, E/E' ratio, were significantly higher; tricuspid A and mitral A waves were significantly lower. We found that mitral and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE and TAPSE) were significantly lower in those with FMF duration over eight years than those with FMF duration less than 8 years.ConclusionThere is no fetal cardiac morphological change in pregnant women with FMF. However, there may be changes in diastolic function. As the maternal FMF duration increases, systolic functions may also change.
Present status and future directions: Surgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation
Authors: Plotino Gianluca , Abella Sans Francesc , Duggal Monty S. , Grande Nicola M. , Krastl Gabriel , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Gambarini Gianluca 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSurgical extrusion, intentional replantation and tooth autotransplantation procedures are important treatment options that clinicians may consider performing in their day‐to‐day clinical practice. Despite compromised teeth are generally considered for extraction, clinicians must be aware that these cases could be suitable for management by these alternative predictable treatment options. Surgical extrusion, intentional replantation or tooth autotransplantation have similar treatment protocols which includes atraumatic tooth extraction, visualisation of the root portion and replantation. Surgical extrusion is defined as the ‘procedure in which the remaining tooth structure is repositioned at a more coronal/supragingival position in the same socket in which the tooth was located originally’. Intentional replantation is defined as the ‘deliberate extraction of a tooth and after evaluation of root surfaces, endodontic manipulation and repair, placement of the tooth back into its original position’. Tooth autotransplantation is defined as the ‘transplantation of an unerupted or erupted tooth in the same individual, from one site to another extraction site or a new surgically prepared socket’. The same team previously published a narrative review (International Endodontic Journal. 2020, 53, 1636) and European Society of Endodontology position statement (International Endodontic Journal. 2020, 54, 655) on this topic in International Endodontic Journal. The aim of the current updated review was to provide the reader a complete overview and background on these procedures, to established clear clinical protocols and step‐by‐step for technically perform these therapies in their clinical practice and to establish future directions on the topics. The clinicians must periodically update their knowledge about these three procedures to achieve success.