bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic vaporization of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a contact 980 nm diode laser under antithrombotic therapy: A prospective survey
Authors: Sanjo Tansei , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Shinojima Toshiaki , Yasumizu Yota , Takeda Toshikazu , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Morita Shinya , Kosaka Takeo , Mizuno Ryuichi , Asanuma Hiroshi , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionTo prospectively clarify whether endoscopic contact laser vaporization of the prostate (CVP) can be safely performed even in patients undergoing antithrombotic therapy.MethodsFifty‐five patients treated with CVP were enrolled. Patients were assigned to: (i) the antithrombotic therapy group (n = 21, 38%); or (ii) control group without antithrombotic therapy (n = 34, 62%). All patients in the antithrombotic therapy group continued all antithrombotic agents during the perioperative period and thereafter.ResultsNo difference was noted in patient background between the two groups. In primary endpoints, decreases in the postoperative hemoglobin level were remarkable in the antithrombotic therapy group, while no serious effects were noted in either group. The control and antithrombotic therapy groups did not show a significant difference in the occurrence of catheter obstruction due to blood clots or serious hematuria following catheter removal. During follow‐up, transurethral coagulation for hemostasis was needed only in the antithrombotic therapy group, with a frequency of transurethral coagulation of up to 14%. In secondary endpoints, no difference in the occurrence of perioperative or late‐onset complications after surgery was noted between the two groups. Finally, no difference was noted in improvements in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), IPSS quality of life score, overactive bladder symptom score, maximum flow rate, or post‐voiding residual urine volume between the two groups throughout the follow‐up period.ConclusionsCVP can be performed safely and effectively in patients undergoing continuous antithrombotic therapy. However, the possibility of secondary bleeding after discharge in a subset of patients, such as those undergoing antithrombotic therapy, may be noted.
Overexpression of Tetraspanin31 contributes to malignant potential and poor outcomes in gastric cancer
Authors: Takashima Yusuke , Komatsu Shuhei , Ohashi Takuma , Kiuchi Jun , Kamiya Hajime , Shimizu Hiroki , Arita Tomohiro , Konishi Hirotaka , Shiozaki Atsushi , Kubota Takeshi , Okamoto Kazuma , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Tsuda Hitoshi , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTetraspanin has important functions in many cancers by aggregating with various proteins that interact with intracellular signaling proteins. The molecular function of Tetraspanin31 (TSPAN31), located in the 12q14 amplified region in various cancers, remains unclear in gastric cancer (GC). We tested whether TSPAN31 acts as a cancer‐promoting gene through its activation or overexpression in GC. We analyzed seven GC cell lines and 189 primary tumors, which were curatively resected in our hospital between 2011 and 2013. Overexpression of the TSPAN31 protein was frequently detected in three GC cell lines (42.9%) and 62 primary GC specimens (32.8%). Overexpression of TSPAN31 was significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, more advanced pT and pN stages, and a higher recurrence rate. Moreover, TSPAN31 positivity was an independent factor predicting worse patient outcomes (p = 0.0283, hazard ratio 3.97). Ectopic overexpression of TSPAN31 facilitated cell proliferation of GC cells, and knockdown of TSPAN31 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of GC cells through the PI3K‐Akt pathway and increased cell apoptosis in a TP53 mutation‐independent manner. In vivo analysis also revealed knockdown of TSPAN31 suppressed tumor progression. In addition, knockdown of TSPAN31 improved chemosensitivity to cisplatin through the suppression of ABCC2. These findings suggest that TSPAN31 plays a crucial role in tumor‐malignant potential through overexpression, highlighting its utility as a prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in GC.
Semisynthetic triterpenes led to the generation of selective antitrypanosomal lead compounds
Authors: Guilhon‐Simplicio Fernanda , Serrão Carlos Klinger Rodrigues , Pinto Ana Cristina da Silva , Pacheco Paulo Anastácio Furtado , Faria Robson Xavier , da Rocha David Rodrigues , Ferreira Vitor Francisco , Pereira‐Junior Raimundo Carlos , Matheeussen An , Baán Adrienn , Kiekens Filip , de Meneses Pereira Maria , Lima Emerson Silva , Winter Hans De , Cos Paul 
Published: March 2022

AbstractTriterpenes α,β‐amyrin are naturally occurring molecules that can serve as building blocks for synthesizing new chemical entities. This study synthesized acyl, carboxyesther, NSAID, and nitrogenous derivatives and evaluated their antimicrobial activity. A cyclodextrin complexation method was developed to improve the solubility of the derivatives. Of the 17 derivatives tested, five exhibited activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei, Leishmania infantum, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The 9a/9b mixture showed weak activity against the parasites (IC50 24.45–40.32 μM). However, it showed no activity for the other microorganisms. Derivatives 14a/14b exhibited potent activity against T. cruzi (IC50 2.0 nM) in this tested concentration did not show activity to the other microorganisms and were not cytotoxic. Derivatives 15a/15b and 16a/16b demonstrated relevant activity against the parasites (IC50 2.24–5.44 μM), but were also cytotoxic. Derivatives 17a/17b showed low activity against the tested parasites (IC50 21.70–22.79 μM), but they were selective since they did not show activity against other microorganisms. In docking studies, in general, all derivatives showed complementarity with the CYP51 binding site of the trypanosomatid mainly by hydrophobic interactions; thus, it is not conclusive that the molecules act by inhibiting this enzyme. Our results showed that triterpenes derivatives with antitrypanosomal activity could be synthesized by an inexpensive and rapid method.
Dental implant failure rates in patients with self‐reported allergy to penicillin
Authors: Zahra Bagheri , Nicholas Barrese , Geoffrey Rubinshtein , Dina Zahedi , Janal Malvin N. , Stuart Froum 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundIn a number of previous studies, patients with reported penicillin allergies have been documented to experience higher rates of dental implant failure than those who had not reported this allergy. The authors of this study aimed to determine whether an increased risk of implant failure is associated with patient‐reported penicillin allergy and which antibiotic was administered.Methods and MaterialsA retrospective study was conducted through chart review of patients who received dental implants at the New York University College of Dentistry. Participants were eligible if they received one or more dental implants at the College and provided at least 1 year of follow‐up data.ResultsThe overall implant failure rate was 12.9%. The failure rate in patients who reported no allergy to penicillin and took amoxicillin was 8.4%, while the failure rate in the allergy‐reporting group was 17.1% (adjusted OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.44–3.44). The failure rate in allergy‐reporting patients who took Clindamycin was also higher than in those who took amoxicillin (19.9%; adjusted OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.77–4.47) or any antibiotic other than amoxicillin (20.9%; adjusted OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.77–4.32).ConclusionsSignificant findings included a lower implant failure rate in patients taking amoxicillin than in patients taking other antibiotics. There was a significant increase in early implant failure in allergy reporting patients.
Role of hydrogen sulfide in subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Lu Dengfeng , Wang Lingling , Liu Guangjie , Wang Shixin , Wang Yi , Wu Yu , Wang Jing , Sun Xiaoou 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common acute and severe disease worldwide, which imposes a heavy burden on families and society. However, the current therapeutic strategies for SAH are unsatisfactory. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as the third gas signaling molecule after carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, has been widely studied recently. There is growing evidence that H2S has a promising future in the treatment of central nervous system diseases. In this review, we focus on the effects of H2S in experimental SAH and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We demonstrate that H2S has neuroprotective effects and significantly reduces secondary damage caused by SAH via antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptosis mechanisms, and by alleviating cerebral edema and vasospasm. Based on these findings, we believe that H2S has great potential in the treatment of SAH and warrants further study to promote its early clinical application.
Computer‐aided diagnosis of cataract severity using retinal fundus images and deep learning
Authors: Yadav Jay Kant Pratap Singh , Yadav Sunita 
Published: March 2022

AbstractCataracts are lenticular opacities that can appear in different parts of the lens in the eye and are a leading cause of blindness globally. Accurate detection and early‐stage diagnosis can prevent the cataract and improve the quality of life for cataract patients. However, clinical cataract detection and grading require the expertise of trained eye specialists, which may impede everyone's early intervention due to the underlying expenses. This article proposed a computer aid diagnosis method for cataract detection, which also grades the severity of cataracts from fundus retinal images such as normal, mild, moderate, and severe. The proposed method uses a hybrid approach in which various pre‐trained convolutional neural networks (AlexNet, VGGNet, ResNet) with transfer learning are used to extract features. These feature vectors of each network individually and in the fused form are applied on the support vector machine classifiers for 4‐stage cataract classification. This architecture also takes advantage of ensemble learning by applying a majority voting scheme on the predictions of these SVM classifiers. The fundus cataract images are obtained from several open‐access datasets and arranged into 4‐classes with the assistance of an eye specialist. Since all the collected images are not suitable for diagnosis, an image quality selection module is included with this method to determine the quality of fundus images. The proposed method achieved 96.25% 4‐class classification accuracy. According to the experimental results, the proposed method is effective for cataract classification and outperforms conventional methods.
Bridge to the future: Important lessons from 20 years of ecosystem observations made by the OzFlux network
Authors: Beringer Jason , Moore Caitlin E. , Cleverly Jamie , Campbell David I. , Cleugh Helen , De Kauwe Martin G. , Kirschbaum Miko U. F. , Griebel Anne , Grover Sam , Huete Alfredo , Hutley Lindsay B. , Laubach Johannes , Van Niel Tom , Arndt Stefan K. , Bennett Alison C. , Cernusak Lucas A. , Eamus Derek , Ewenz Cacilia M. , Goodrich Jordan P. , Jiang Mingkai , Hinko‐Najera Nina , Isaac Peter , Hobeichi Sanaa , Knauer Jürgen , Koerber Georgia R. , Liddell Michael , Ma Xuanlong , Macfarlane Craig , McHugh Ian D. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Meyer Wayne S. , Norton Alexander J. , Owens Jyoteshna , Pitman Andy , Pendall Elise , Prober Suzanne M. , Ray Ram L. , Restrepo‐Coupe Natalia , Rifai Sami W. , Rowlings David , Schipper Louis , Silberstein Richard P. , Teckentrup Lina , Thompson Sally E. , Ukkola Anna M. , Wall Aaron , Wang Ying‐Ping , Wardlaw Tim J. , Woodgate William 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn 2020, the Australian and New Zealand flux research and monitoring network, OzFlux, celebrated its 20th anniversary by reflecting on the lessons learned through two decades of ecosystem studies on global change biology. OzFlux is a network not only for ecosystem researchers, but also for those ‘next users’ of the knowledge, information and data that such networks provide. Here, we focus on eight lessons across topics of climate change and variability, disturbance and resilience, drought and heat stress and synergies with remote sensing and modelling. In distilling the key lessons learned, we also identify where further research is needed to fill knowledge gaps and improve the utility and relevance of the outputs from OzFlux. Extreme climate variability across Australia and New Zealand (droughts and flooding rains) provides a natural laboratory for a global understanding of ecosystems in this time of accelerating climate change. As evidence of worsening global fire risk emerges, the natural ability of these ecosystems to recover from disturbances, such as fire and cyclones, provides lessons on adaptation and resilience to disturbance. Drought and heatwaves are common occurrences across large parts of the region and can tip an ecosystem's carbon budget from a net CO2 sink to a net CO2 source. Despite such responses to stress, ecosystems at OzFlux sites show their resilience to climate variability by rapidly pivoting back to a strong carbon sink upon the return of favourable conditions. Located in under‐represented areas, OzFlux data have the potential for reducing uncertainties in global remote sensing products, and these data provide several opportunities to develop new theories and improve our ecosystem models. The accumulated impacts of these lessons over the last 20 years highlights the value of long‐term flux observations for natural and managed systems. A future vision for OzFlux includes ongoing and newly developed synergies with ecophysiologists, ecologists, geologists, remote sensors and modellers.
Cluster headache pathophysiology: What we have learned from advanced neuroimaging
Authors: Silvestro Marcello , Tessitore Alessandro , Orologio Ilaria , Battista Giorgia , Siciliano Mattia , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Russo Antonio 
Published: March 2022

AbstractBackgroundAlthough remarkable progress has been achieved in understanding cluster headache (CH) pathophysiology, there are still several gaps about the mechanisms through which independent subcortical and cortical brain structures interact with each other. These gaps could be partially elucidated by structural and functional advanced neuroimaging investigations.ObjectiveAlthough we are aware that substantial achievements have come from preclinical, neurophysiological, and biochemical experiments, the present narrative review aims to summarize the most significant findings from structural, microstructural, and functional neuroimaging investigations, as well as the consequent progresses in understanding CH pathophysiological mechanisms, to achieve a comprehensive and unifying model.ResultsAdvanced neuroimaging techniques have contributed to overcoming the peripheral hypothesis that CH is of cavernous sinus pathology, in transitioning from the pure vascular hypothesis to a more comprehensive trigeminovascular model, and, above all, in clarifying the role of the hypothalamus and its connections in the genesis of CH.ConclusionAltogether, neuroimaging findings strongly suggest that, beyond the theoretical model of the “pain matrix,” the model of the “neurolimbic pain network” that is accepted in migraine research could also be extended to CH. Indeed, although the hypothalamus’ role is undeniable, the genesis of CH attacks is complex and seems to not be just the result of a single “generator.” Cortical‐hypothalamic‐brainstem functional interconnections that can switch between out‐of‐bout and in‐bout periods, igniting the trigeminovascular system (probably by means of top‐down mechanisms) and the consensual trigeminal autonomic reflexes, may represent the “neuronal background” of CH.
Commandment, commencement and restorative justice
Authors: Pavlich George 
Published: March 2022

AbstractEarly restorative justice archives challenged state criminalisation through three basic pledges – diversion, social transformation, and decolonisation – thereby inaugurating a movement against repressive state criminalisation and announcing a new paradigm of justice. Returning to that movement's beginning, this article shows how its global successes were secured through intimate ties with state justice that diluted its early pledges. Highlighting oft‐overlooked insights from legal pluralism, it calls for new articulations between semi‐autonomous justice fields to revitalise, and not simply recover, restorative foundations. Forging links with diverse social fields, and engaging a politics of accusation, restorative justice could recraft lenses that bring harm‐producing social assemblies into focus.
Improving room temperature negative thermal expansion performance of Fe2‐xScx(MoO4)3
Authors: Zhang Zhiping , Wang Yang , Wang Wei , Liu Hongfei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractNegative thermal expansion (NTE) performance of Fe2(MoO4)3 is only found in a high‐temperature range due to its monoclinic‐to‐orthorhombic (M‐O) phase transformation temperature (PTT) at 503.5°C. To stabilize the orthorhombic phase of Fe2(MoO4)3 at room temperature, a series of Fe2‐xScx(MoO4)3 (0≤x≤1.5) (abbreviated as F2‐xSxM) were fabricated via solid‐state reaction. Results indicate that the M‐O PTT of Fe2(MoO4)3 is successfully reduced from 503.5°C to 34.5°C by A‐site cation substitution of Sc3+. The regulation mechanism is considered to be the decrease in electronegativity of (Fe2‐xScx)6+ in F2‐xSxM. Both variable temperature X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) analysis results indicate that F0.5S1.5 M exhibits anisotropic NTE in 100–700°C. The results indicate that it can effectively improve the densification of Sc‐substituted F0.5S1.5 M ceramics by two‐step calcination process. Furthermore, higher second‐step calcination temperature is beneficial for the formation of single‐phased orthorhombic F0.5S1.5 M. The NTE response temperature range of F0.5S1.5 M ceramics second‐step sintered at 1000°C is broadened to 30–600°C, and the corresponding coefficient of thermal expansion is ‐5.74 × 10−6°C−1. The ease in the proposed design and preparation method makes NTE F0.5S1.5 M potential for a wide range of applications in precision mechanical, electronic, optical, and communication instruments.
Urban governance of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan: An Urban political sociological approach to the case of Osaka
Authors: Maruyama Masao 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn this article, we first review current Japanese urban and regional sociological literature on the COVID‐19 pandemic. Some empirical studies of the current conditions, challenges, and difficulties faced by urban communities with the pandemic have loomed large. Although urban governance of infectious disease control has been generally an important research topic in urban studies, there is limited research on this aspect, particularly in Japan. Then, we briefly examine the urban governance of the pandemic in Japan, with a focus on the case of Osaka. Specifically, by analyzing the meeting minutes of Osaka Prefectural Government's countermeasure headquarters, we shed light on what issues were mainly dealt with and what main organizational actors were involved. The results indicate that, in addition to the administrative and political collaboration between central, prefectural, and municipal governments, the involvement of industrial and professional organizations (e.g., medical and economic associations) is particularly salient. This is because the governmental sector in Japan lacks a strong legal framework and a policy implementation capacity for infectious disease control. Consequently, it has requested (through intermediary associations) that residents, businesses, and hospitals cooperate with the government to control the spread of the virus. With regard to the characteristics of the Japanese urban governance of the pandemic, more comparative research between cities and regions in the country and those in other countries will be one of the important issues for future Japanese urban and regional sociology.
Output fluctuations and portfolio flows to emerging economies: The role of monetary uncertainty
Authors: Trung Nguyen Ba 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the role of monetary‐policy uncertainty (MPU) in driving business cycles in emerging economies. We employ a Bayesian vector autoregression model with stochastic volatility as the mean for different emerging economies. We find that MPU works as a crucial driver of business cycles in emerging economies. First, we show that an MPU shock can trigger instability in emerging economies by provoking risk/volatility in both financial and exchange‐rate markets. Second, an MPU shock can lead to a decline in both output growth and capital inflows in emerging economies. Our empirical results suggest that the central banks of emerging economies should attempt to improve transparency in their monetary policy‐making by increasing the effectiveness of public communication and forward guidance.
Gelling behavior of MgAl2O4 slurries with a common dispersant
Authors: Liu Mengwei , Zhao Jin , Shimai Shunzo , Han Dan , Zhang Jian , Wang Shiwei 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMgAl2O4 transparent ceramics were shaped by a commonly used polyacrylic acid (PAA), which acted as both dispersant and gelling agent. The spinel slurries were prepared by ball‐milling MgAl2O4 powder, PAA, and water in an attrition mill. The gelling of slurries happened at room temperature in air atmosphere without any other organic additive. The gelling mechanism was the formation of chelates between Mg2+ and carboxyl groups (‐COO−) of PAA. The frequency‐based testing method was applied to investigate the gelling process of the as‐prepared slurry. In addition, a novel in situ characterization method based on a modified indentation testing was invented to better understand the strengthening of the wet green body with time and to guide when demolding could be carried out. After sintering, transparent MgAl2O4 ceramics with high in‐line transmittance were resulted.