bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S‐Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Deficiency Causes Aberrant Placental S‐Nitrosylation and Preeclampsia
Authors: Kulandavelu Shathiyah , Dulce Raul A. , Murray Christopher I. , Bellio Michael A. , Fritsch Julia , Kanashiro‐Takeuchi Rosemeire , Arora Himanshu , Paulino Ellena , Soetkamp Daniel , Balkan Wayne , Van Eyk Jenny E. , Hare Joshua M. 
Published: February 2022

Background
Preeclampsia, a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity, is characterized by an increase in S‐nitrosylated proteins and reactive oxygen species, suggesting a pathophysiologic role for dysregulation in nitrosylation and nitrosative stress.

Methods and Results

Here, we show that mice lacking S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase (

GSNOR
−⁄−

), a denitrosylase regulating protein S‐nitrosylation, exhibit a preeclampsia phenotype, including hypertension, proteinuria, renal pathology, cardiac concentric hypertrophy, decreased placental vascularization, and fetal growth retardation. Reactive oxygen species, NO, and peroxynitrite levels are elevated. Importantly, mass spectrometry reveals elevated placental S‐nitrosylated amino acid residues in

GSNOR
−⁄−

mice. Ascorbate reverses the phenotype except for fetal weight, reduces the difference in the S‐nitrosoproteome, and identifies a unique set of S‐nitrosylated proteins in

GSNOR
−⁄−

mice. Importantly, human preeclamptic placentas exhibit decreased GSNOR activity and increased nitrosative stress.

Conclusions
Therefore, deficiency of GSNOR creates dysregulation of placental S‐nitrosylation and preeclampsia in mice, which can be rescued by ascorbate. Coupled with similar findings in human placentas, these findings offer valuable insights and therapeutic implications for preeclampsia.
Central Apneas Are More Detrimental in Female Than in Male Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Gentile Francesco , Borrelli Chiara , Sciarrone Paolo , Buoncristiani Francesco , Spiesshoefer Jens , Bramanti Francesca , Iudice Giovanni , Vergaro Giuseppe , Emdin Michele , Passino Claudio , Giannoni Alberto 
Published: February 2022

Background
Central apneas (CA) are a frequent comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF) and are associated with worse prognosis. The clinical and prognostic relevance of CA in each sex is unknown.

Methods and Results

Consecutive outpatients with HF with either reduced or mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (n=550, age 65±12 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 32%±9%, 21% women) underwent a 24‐hour ambulatory polygraphy to evaluate CA burden and were followed up for the composite end point of cardiac death, appropriate implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator shock, or first HF hospitalization. Compared with men, women were younger, had higher left ventricular ejection fraction, had lower prevalence of ischemic etiology and of atrial fibrillation, and showed lower apnea‐hypopnea index (expressed as median [interquartile range]) at daytime (3 [0–9] versus 10 [3–20] events/hour) and nighttime (10 [3–21] versus 23 [11–36] events/hour) (all
P
<0.001), despite similar neurohormonal activation and HF therapy. Increased chemoreflex sensitivity to either hypoxia or hypercapnia (evaluated in 356 patients, 65%, by a rebreathing test) was less frequent in women (
P
<0.001), but chemoreflex sensitivity to hypercapnia was a predictor of apnea‐hypopnea index in both sexes. At adjusted survival analysis, daytime apnea‐hypopnea index ≥15 events/hour (hazard ratio [HR], 2.70; 95% CI, 1.06–7.34;
P
=0.037), nighttime apnea‐hypopnea index ≥15 events/hour (HR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.28–6.32;
P
=0.010), and nighttime CA index ≥10 events/hour (HR, 5.01; 95% CI, 1.88–13.4;
P
=0.001) were independent predictors of the primary end point in women but not in men (all
P
>0.05), also after matching women and men for possible confounders.

Conclusions
In chronic HF, CA are associated with a greater risk of adverse events in women than in men.
Histamine H
2
Receptor Antagonists and Heart Failure Risk in Postmenopausal Women: The Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Larson Sophia R. , Vasbinder Alexi L. , Reding Kerryn W. , Leary Peter J. , Branch Kelley R. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Johnson Karen C. , Haring Bernhard , Wallace Robert , Manson JoAnn E. , Anderson Garnet , Cheng Richard K. 
Published: February 2022

Background

Prior studies suggested lower risk of heart failure (HF) in individuals taking H
2
receptor antagonists (H2RA) compared with H2RA nonusers in relatively small studies. We evaluated the association of H2RA use and incident HF in postmenopausal women in the large‐scale WHI (Women’s Health Initiative) study.

Methods and Results

This study included postmenopausal women from the WHI without a history of HF at baseline. HF was defined as first incident hospitalization for HF and physician adjudicated. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models evaluated the association of H2RA use as a time‐varying exposure with HF risk, after adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, and medical history variables. Sensitivity analyses examined (1) risk of HF stratified by the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) score, (2) propensity score matching on H2RA use, (3) use of proton pump inhibitors rather than H2RA nonuse as the referent, and (4) exclusion of those taking diuretics at baseline. The primary analysis included 158 854 women after exclusion criteria, of whom 9757 (6.1%) were H2RA users. During median 8.2 years of follow‐up, 376 H2RA users (4.9 events/1000 person‐years) and 3206 nonusers (2.7 events/1000 person‐years) developed incident HF. After multivariable adjustment, there was no association between H2RA use and HF in the primary analysis (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.94–1.22;
P
=0.31) or in any of the sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Clinical H2RA use was not associated with incident HF among postmenopausal women. Future studies are needed to evaluate potential effect modification by sex, HF severity, or patterns of use on H2RA exposure and HF risk.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00000611.
Are Africans in Australia a Diaspora?
Authors: Fozdar Farida , Quicke Sarah Prout , Mickler David 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Migration from the African continent to Australia has increased in volume and diversity in the last three decades, with the most recent census identifying 2.6 % of the total Australian population as either born in, or having at least one parent born in, Africa. In examining demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and interrogating political, economic, social and cultural transnational practices, using an interdisciplinary approach that combines demography, political science and sociology, this paper seeks to identify in what ways and for what purposes this population might be considered a pan-African diaspora. We argue that there is some evidence of (i) pan-African consciousness underpinning the collective identity of African-Australian community organisations; (ii) governments, NGO s, communities and individuals engaging in activities that contribute meaningfully to Australian society, countries of origin and identity formation; (iii) significant diversity and important cleavages among these populations. Broader research is required to more adequately identify and measure the multifaceted transnational contributions of African-background peoples in Australia.
Characterization of Sunshine Duration in Western Equatorial Africa: In Situ Measurements versus SARAH-2 Satellite Estimates
Authors: Philippon N. , Ouhechou A. , Camberlin P. , Trentmann J. , Fink A. H. , Maloba J. D. , Morel B. , Samba G. 
Published: February 2022

Abstract
Western Equatorial Africa is one of the least sunny areas in the world. Yet, this has attracted little research so far. As in many other parts of Africa, light availability is mainly estimated using in situ measurements of sunshine duration (SDU). Therefore, this study conducts the first characterization of SDU evolution during the annual cycle for the region. It also evaluates the skill of satellite-based estimates of SDU from the Surface Solar Radiation Data Set–Heliosat, edition 2.1 (SARAH-2.1). Mean annual SDU levels are low: less than 5 h day−1 at the regional scale, with the sunniest stations in the northeast (Cameroon and Central African Republic) and the least sunny in an ∼150-km-wide coastal strip in Gabon and Republic of the Congo (RoC). For most of the stations except the southeast ones in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the lowest SDU levels are recorded in July–September, during the main dry season, with persistent overcast conditions. They are as low as 2.5 h day−1, especially on the windward slopes of the Massifs du Chaillu and du Mayombé, and of the Batéké Plateaus in Gabon and RoC. Although the mean annual and monthly spatial patterns are well reproduced in SARAH-2.1, SDU levels are systematically overestimated by 1–2 h day−1. The largest positive biases are recorded during the December–February dry season, especially at the northernmost stations. Analyses at the daily time scale show that SARAH-2.1 biases arise from a twofold problem: the number of dark days (SDU < 1 h day−1) is 50% lower than observed whereas that of sunny days (SDU > 9 h day−1) is 50% higher than observed.
Double Diffusion in the Arabian Sea during Winter and Spring
Authors: Ashin K. , Girishkumar M. S. , Joseph Jofia , D’Asaro Eric , Sureshkumar N. , Sherin V. R. , Murali B. , Thangaprakash V. P. , Rao E. Pattabhi Ram , Shenoi S. S. C. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractMicrostructure measurements from two cruises during winter and spring 2019 documented the importance of double-diffusion processes for small-scale mixing in the upper 400 m of the open-ocean region of the eastern Arabian Sea (EAS) below the mixed layer. The data indicated that shear-driven mixing rates are weak, contributing diapycnal diffusivity (Kρ) of not more than 5.4 × 10−6m2s−1in the EAS. Instead, signatures of double diffusion were strong, with the water column favorable for salt fingers in 70% of the region and favorable for diffusive convection in 2%–3% of the region. Well-defined thermohaline staircases were present in all the profiles in these regions that occupied 20% of the water column. Strong diffusive convection favorable regime occurred in ∼45% of data in the barrier layer region of the southern EAS (SEAS). Comparison of different parameterizations of double diffusion with the measurements of vertical heat diffusivity (KT) found that the Radko and Smith salt fingering scheme and the Kelley diffusive convection scheme best match with the observations. The estimates based on flux law show that the combination of downward heat flux of approximately −3 W m−2associated with salt fingering in the thermocline region of the EAS and the upward heat flux of ∼5 W m−2due to diffusive convection in the barrier layer region of the SEAS cools the thermocline.
Association of Prior Statin Therapy With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Initial Diagnosis of OCAD and LDL-C Below 1.8 mmol/L
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhao Xueqiao , Ding Xiaosong , Chen Hui , Li Hongwei , Li Weiping 
Published: February 2022

This study investigated the effect of prior statin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with a diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <1.8 mmol/L. A total of 1330 patients with baseline LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L were included; 548 had received prior statin therapy [prior statin (+)] and 782 had no prior statin [prior statin (−)]. Major adverse cardiac and cerebral event (MACCE) during hospitalization and a median follow-up of 25 months were analyzed. Compared with the prior statin (−) group, who displayed similar atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk burden including 71.6% with hypertension, 39.1% with diabetes, and 76.1% with ≥3 risk factors, the prior statin (+) group had significantly lower incidence of composite MACCE, all-cause death and cardiovascular death. After multivariable adjustment, non-prior statin therapy was independently associated with all-cause death [hazard ratio (HR) 2.09, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13-3.87, P = .019] and cardiovascular death (HR 2.28, 95% CI, 1.04-5.00, P = .040), particularly in the subgroups aged ≥65 years and with hypertension. Overall, compared with "naturally" LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L without statin, prior statin therapy to achieve an LDL-C <1.8 mmol/L independently predicted a lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with a diagnosis of OCAD.
Long-Term Voice Outcomes After Type I, Type II, or Type V Cordectomy
Authors: Kinberg Eliezer , Rapoport Sarah K. , Brown Sarah , Woo Peak 
Published: February 2022

Introduction: We compare long-term voice outcomes in patients treated with European Laryngeal Society (ELS) classification Type I, Type II, or Type V cordectomy. The aim is to understand the impact of Type V cordectomy on voice outcomes in relation to Type I and Type II cordectomy. Methods: A retrospective review of patients treated with Type I, Type II, or Type V cordectomy by a single surgeon over a 20-year period was performed. Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) scores, Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia (CSID) measures from CAPE-V sentences, and two-rater GRBAS scores were analyzed. Results: Sixty-two patients were identified with a mean follow-up of 52 months. Of these, there were 43 Type I and 19 Type II cordectomies, including 8 in each group with Type V resections. Significant differences in all parameters were noted between the Type I (VHI 5.7, CSID 20.6, Grade 1.3) and the Type II cohorts (VHI 12.6, CSID 36.3, Grade 1.8) who did not undergo Type V cordectomy. Patients undergoing Type V cordectomy demonstrated voice outcomes (VHI 9.4, CSID 35.6, Grade 1.7) which fell between those of Type I and Type II cordectomies. Conclusions: Better long-term subjective, objective, and computer-analyzed voice outcomes are noted for patients undergoing Type I rather than Type II cordectomy. When Type V cordectomy is performed, voice outcomes are comparable to those of both Type I and Type II cordectomy, a surprising finding given the expectation of worsened dysphonia in longer resections. Further work is needed to explain this finding and define voice outcomes after Type V cordectomy.
Simply Unconvincing: The High Court on Probative Value and Reliability in the Uniform Evidence Law
Authors: Chin Jason M , Edmond Gary , Roberts Andrew 
Published: February 2022

AbstractExclusion of evidence when its probative value is exceeded by its risk of creating unfair prejudice has long been a fundamental safeguard against unfair trials and wrongful convictions. In 2016, IMM v The Queen (IMM) curtailed that safeguard by holding that trial judges should assess probative value on the assumption that the evidence is reliable and credible. The IMM majority placed emphasis on the capacity of the evidence. In doing so, it provided a mysterious qualification: some evidence may lack probative value not because it is unreliable, but because it is ‘simply unconvincing’. The majority illustrated unconvincingness with the example of an unreliable eyewitness identification. Courts and legal scholars criticised the majority judgment for its harmful implications and for its apparent incoherence. From a review of almost 4 years of post-IMM jurisprudence and deeper exploration into one particular case, we find that ‘simply unconvincing’ has accentuated the confusion and inconsistency in Australian evidence jurisprudence.
Pulmonary artery flotation catheter (PAFC) combined with pump-controlled retrograde trial off (PCRTO) as a trial for weaning VA-ECMO patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Xu Ying , Liu Ning , Dong Danjiang , Tang Jian , Liu Yang , Qian Yajun , Gu Qin 
Published: February 2022

Objectives Pump-controlled retrograde trial off (PCRTO) has been recently proposed as an effective and safe VA-ECMO weaning method. However, reports of haemodynamic monitoring during PCRTO are rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the left and right heart function during the PCRTO process combined with a pulmonary artery flotation catheter (PAFC). Methods Between March 2019 and May 2021, 20 adult VA-ECMO patients who underwent PCRTO in combination with PAFC were enrolled in this study. The patients' general characteristics, PCRTO results, haemodynamic parameters during PCRTO progression, complications, and clinical prognoses were analysed. Those who survived for 48 h after withdrawal and did not require ECMO assistance were defined as the success group, and those who did not survive for 48 h after withdrawal or who required ECMO assistance were defined as the failure group. Results Of the 20 patients, 13 (65%) were included in the success group, and 7 (35%) were included in the failure group. Compared with the success group, the heart rate (HR) of the failure group was significantly increased 30 min after PCRTO ( p < .01), and the pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) was significantly higher at all time points ( p < .01). Compared with pre-PCRTO in the success group, the HR at 2 min in the success group was significantly increased, but decreased to the baseline levels at 15 min and 30 min. The PAWP was also significantly increased at 2 min, but decreased at 15 min and dropped to the baseline level at 30 min in the success group. Compared with pre-PCRTO in the failure group, the HR and PAWP increased significantly at 2 min, 15 min and 30 min in the failure group. No new embolism-related complications were found in the success group after the withdrawal from ECMO. Conclusions PCRTO is a safe and reliable VA-ECMO weaning method. Combined with haemodynamic monitoring through PAFC, PCRTO can better assess the cardiac reserve function.
The Effectiveness of Case-management Rehabilitation Intervention in Facilitating Return to Work and Maintenance of Employment After Myocardial Infarction: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zack Oren , Melamed Samuel , Silber Haim , Cinamon Tali , Levy Doron , Moshe Shlomo 
Published: February 2022

Objective To study the long-term effectiveness of case-management rehabilitation intervention on vocational reintegration of patients after myocardial infarction (MI). Design Blinded simple randomization was used to construct an intervention and control groups that were followed up for two years. Subjects and setting 151 patients, aged 50.3 ±  5.9 years, who experienced uncomplicated MI and were enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program were recruited. Interventions included an early referral to an occupational physician, tailoring an occupational rehabilitation program, based on individual patient needs, coordination with relevant parties, psychosocial intervention, intensive follow-up sessions during a two-year follow-up. Main measures Return to work within six months of hospitalization and maintenance of employment at one and two years of follow-up. Results Return-to-work (RTW) rate in the intervention group was 89% and nearly all maintained employment at one year of follow-up (92%) and two years of follow-up (87%). Moreover, almost all of them returned to and maintained their previous jobs. The corresponding figures were: 98%, 94% and 98%, respectively. The figures for the RTW and employment maintenance for the control group were: 74%, 75%, and 72%, respectively. Only about 75%, in this group kept their previous job. The case-management intervention was associated with increased odds of maintaining employment at follow-up of one year (OR = 5.89, 95% CI 1.42–24.30) and two years (OR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.01–10.03). Conclusions The extended case-management rehabilitation intervention had a substantial positive impact on both the RTW of MI patients and their maintenance of employment at one and two years of follow-up. Trial Registration This trial is registered at US National Institutes of Health #NCT04934735.
Clinical implications of opioid-induced ventilatory impairment
Authors: Pattullo Gavin G 
Published: February 2022

Opioid-induced ventilatory impairment is the primary mechanism of harm from opioid use. Opioids suppress the activity of the central respiratory centres and are sedating, leading to impairment of alveolar ventilation. Respiratory physiological changes induced with acute opioid use include depression of the hypercapnic ventilatory response and hypoxic ventilatory response. In chronic opioid use a compensatory increase in hypoxic ventilatory response maintains ventilation and contributes to the onset of sleep-disordered breathing patterns of central sleep apnoea and ataxic breathing. Supplemental oxygen use in those at risk of opioid-induced ventilatory impairment requires careful consideration by the clinician to prevent failure to detect hypoventilation, if oximetry is being relied on, and the overriding of hypoxic ventilatory drive. Obstructive sleep apnoea and opioid-induced ventilatory impairment are frequently associated, with this interrelationship being complex and often unpredictable. Monitoring the patient for opioid-induced ventilatory impairment poses challenges in the areas of reliability, avoidance of alarm fatigue, cost, and personnel demands. Many situations remain in which patients cannot be provided effective analgesia without opioids, and for these the clinician requires a comprehensive knowledge of opioid-induced ventilatory impairment.
Comparison of histopathological features, survival, and oncological outcome between patients under and above 55-year-old with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy
Authors: Soltani Mohammad Hossein , Khabazian Reza , Dadpour Mehdi , Borumandnia Nasrin , Simforoosh Nasser 
Published: February 2022

Background: To compare the disease course, histopathological features and survival rates of prostate cancer (PCa) between patients aged ⩽ 55 and > 55 year old. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 644 patients with organ-confide prostate cancer who had undergone radical prostatectomy from 2005 to 2018. Seventy-six (11.8%) patients were under 55 years of age (group 1) and 568 (88.2%) patients were >55 years old (group 2). Results: Pre-operative hypertension was detected in 4 (5.3%) patients of group 1 and 80 (14.1%) patients of groups 2 ( p = 0.029). The mean (±SD) prostate volume was higher in group 2 compared with group 1 (34.1(±8.4) ml vs 54.1(±9.9) ml, p < 0.001). Positive surgery margin was observed in 15 (19.7%) and 58 (10.2%) patients in group 1 and 2, respectively ( p = 0.020). Co-existence of diabetes mellitus, mean pre-operative PSA, Gleason’s score, and permanent pathology and pathologic stage were similar between the two groups. Log-rank test failed to show any statistical difference in terms of biochemical-relapse free survival, local recurrence-free survival, and metastasis-free survival between the two groups ( p = 0.316, 0.441, 0.654, respectively). After performing multivariate analysis, positive surgical margin was the only factor that was independently predictive of biochemical relapse ( p < 0.001) and local recurrence/metastasis ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: No difference was observed in terms of histopathologic features, biochemical relapse, and local recurrence/metastasis-free survival rates between patients younger and older than 55 years of age.