bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“We Are Now the Same”: Chinese Wholesalers and the Politics of Trade Hierarchies in Tanzania
Authors: Sheridan Derek 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMany accounts of Chinese migration in Africa compare China to “the West.” However, lived historical experiences, social hierarchies and moral mappings of the division of labour have mediated how different peoples in different contexts have received, interacted with and given meaning to Chinese migrants. In Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Tanzanians talk about so-called Chinese “wamachinga” (petty traders) who have complicated long-standing ideas about “African” and “non-African” roles in the economy, and who have both opened and closed opportunities for different African traders. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in the key Tanzanian wholesale market of Kariakoo, I examine how the entry of Chinese goods and traders has been associated with shifting local economic hierarchies. I argue that debates over the presence of Chinese traders are less about “China” than about the politics of which roles belong to whom in a hierarchical division of labour.
Non-suffering Work: China's Medical Interventions in South Sudan
Authors: Gong Yidong 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThis paper explores China's mode of medical intervention in South Sudan and compares it with the medical humanitarianism and global health imaginaries and modes of intervention that characterize the activities of the wider international community, especially NGOs and faith-based organizations. In their provision of medical aid to South Sudan, organizations of the international community largely draw on a discourse of suffering and a framework of emergency response to humanitarian crises in post-conflict settings, which often translates into vertical programmes which involve direct governance of the South Sudanese population. In contrast, China's contemporary medical interventions in South Sudan are a mixture of health diplomacy, health infrastructure and development aid, an assemblage which can be understood as a “non-suffering” model of care and a loosely defined apparatus of biopolitics. However, the obvious gap between national goals and the daily experiences of individual Chinese doctors suggests that this will be an uneven process of “becoming.”
Seed-coat thickness explains contrasting germination responses to smoke and heat in Leucadendron
Authors: Lamont Byron B. , Gómez Barreiro Pablo , Newton Rosemary J. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractFire stimulates the germination of most seeds in fire-prone vegetation. Fruits of Leucadendron (Proteaceae) are winged achenes or nutlets that correlate with their requirements for smoke and/or heat in promoting germination. We describe five possible smoke–heat dormancy-release/germination syndromes among plants, of which Leucadendron displays three (no response, smoke only, smoke and heat). As seed-coat thickness varies with seed-storage location (plant or soil) and morphology (winged or wingless), we tested its possible role in water uptake and germination. Species with winged seeds achieved 100% germination in the absence of smoke/heat, seed coats were an order of magnitude thinner, and their permeability greatly exceeded that of nutlets. As seed-coat thickness increased (1) imbibitional water uptake declined at a decreasing rate, and (2) the response to smoke, and to a lesser extent heat, increased linearly to reach levels of germination approaching those of winged seeds. For species responsive to smoke and heat, there was no additive effect when applied together, suggesting that they may have promoted the same physiological process. We conclude that seed-coat thickness holds the key to germination requirements in this genus, independent of seed-storage location or morphology. By what mechanisms (1) the smoke response is greater the thicker the seed coat and (2) smoke chemicals might increase water permeability to explain the non-additive effect of smoke and heat, warrant further investigation.
Improving Virtual Workshopping: Reflections from an Online Community of Migration Ethics Scholars
Authors: Buckinx Barbara , Buechel Benedikt , Silverman Stephanie J. 
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic is hastening the shift of the world of work and study to online, remote, and flexible hours. The political science profession and its attributes of conferencing and workshopping will likely follow suit. To help direct this flow into relationships of reciprocity and scholarly co-creation, this article details the experiences of a successful online workshopping community known as the Normative Theory of Immigration Working Group (NTIWG). For the past 10 years, this voluntary association comprising 88 migration ethics scholars has been meeting routinely and exclusively online to workshop penultimate drafts of research papers. Three workshop conveners here reflect on the joys of group participation and mutual learning and listening. With the intention of smoothing the way for like-minded groups to emerge and solidify, we elaborate our group’s animating values and its learned-by-doing rules for scheduling, moderating, and offering feedback online. In the spirit of collectively facing the diversity and equity challenges confronting the future of political science, we conclude by reviewing steps that we are taking to address our own challenges of inclusivity.
Effort inference and prediction by acoustic and movement descriptors in interactions with imaginary objects during Dhrupad vocal improvisation
Authors: Paschalidou Stella 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In electronic musical instruments (EMIs), the concept of “sound sculpting” was proposed by Mulder, in which imaginary objects are manually sculpted to produce sounds, although promising has had some limitations: driven by pure intuition, only the objects’ geometrical properties were mapped to sound, while effort—which is often regarded as a key factor of expressivity in music performance—was neglected. The aim of this paper is to enhance such digital interactions by accounting for the perceptual measure of effort that is conveyed through well-established gesture-sound links in the ecologically valid conditions of non-digital music performances. Thus, it reports on the systematic exploration of effort in Dhrupad vocal improvisation, in which singers are often observed to engage with melodic ideas by manipulating intangible, imaginary objects with their hands. The focus is devising formalized descriptions to infer the amount of effort that such interactions are perceived to require and classify gestures as interactions with elastic versus rigid objects, based on original multimodal data collected in India for the specific study. Results suggest that a good part of variance for both effort levels and gesture classes can be explained through a small set of statistically significant acoustic and movement features extracted from the raw data and lead to rejecting the null hypothesis that effort is unrelated to the musical context. This may have implications on how EMIs could benefit from effort as an intermediate mapping layer and naturally opens discussions on whether physiological data may offer a more intuitive measure of effort in wearable technologies.
Towards higher-dimensional structured light
Authors: He Chao , Shen Yijie , Forbes Andrew 
Published: July 2022

AbstractStructured light refers to the arbitrarily tailoring of optical fields in all their degrees of freedom (DoFs), from spatial to temporal. Although orbital angular momentum (OAM) is perhaps the most topical example, and celebrating 30 years since its connection to the spatial structure of light, control over other DoFs is slowly gaining traction, promising access to higher-dimensional forms of structured light. Nevertheless, harnessing these new DoFs in quantum and classical states remains challenging, with the toolkit still in its infancy. In this perspective, we discuss methods, challenges, and opportunities for the creation, detection, and control of multiple DoFs for higher-dimensional structured light. We present a roadmap for future development trends, from fundamental research to applications, concentrating on the potential for larger-capacity, higher-security information processing and communication, and beyond.
Complex extracellular biology drives surface competition during colony expansion in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Jautzus Theresa , van Gestel Jordi , Kovács Ákos T 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Many bacteria grow on surfaces in nature, where they form cell collectives that compete for space. Within these collectives, cells often secrete molecules that benefit surface spreading by, for example, reducing surface tension or promoting filamentous growth. Although we have a detailed understanding of how these molecules are produced, much remains unknown about their role in surface competition. Here we examine sliding motility in Bacillus subtilis and compare how secreted molecules, essential for sliding, affect intraspecific cooperation and competition on a surface. We specifically examine (i) the lipopeptide surfactin, (ii) the hydrophobin protein BslA, and (iii) exopolysaccharides (EPS). We find that these molecules have a distinct effect on surface competition. Whereas surfactin acts like a common good, which is costly to produce and benefits cells throughout the surface, BslA and EPS are cost-free and act locally. Accordingly, surfactin deficient mutants can exploit the wild-type strain in competition for space, while BslA and EPS mutants cannot. Supported by a mathematical model, we show that three factors are important in predicting the outcome of surface competition: the costs of molecule synthesis, the private benefits of molecule production, and the diffusion rate. Our results underscore the intricate extracellular biology that can drive bacterial surface competition.
6-qubit optimal Clifford circuits
Authors: Bravyi Sergey , Latone Joseph A. , Maslov Dmitri 
Published: July 2022

AbstractClifford group lies at the core of quantum computation—it underlies quantum error correction, its elements can be used to perform magic state distillation and they form randomized benchmarking protocols, Clifford group is used to study quantum entanglement, and more. The ability to utilize Clifford group elements in practice relies heavily on the efficiency of their circuit-level implementation. Finding short circuits is a hard problem; despite Clifford group being finite, its size grows quickly with the number of qubits n, limiting known optimal implementations to n = 4 qubits. For n = 6, the number of Clifford group elements is about 2.1 × 1023. In this paper, we report a set of algorithms, along with their C implementation, that implicitly synthesize optimal circuits for all 6-qubit Clifford group elements by storing a subset of the latter in a database of size 2.1TB (1kB = 1024B). We demonstrate how to extract arbitrary optimal 6-qubit Clifford circuit in 0.0009358 and 0.0006274 s using consumer- and enterprise-grade computers (hardware) respectively, while relying on this database. We use this implementation to establish a new example of quantum advantage by Clifford circuits over CNOT gate circuits and find optimal Clifford 2-designs for up to 4 qubits.
CaliPopGen: A genetic and life history database for the fauna and flora of California
Authors: Beninde Joscha , Toffelmier Erin M. , Andreas Aarron , Nishioka Celina , Slay Meryl , Soto Ashley , Bueno Justin P , Gonzalez Germar , Pham Hannah V. , Posta Molly , Pace Jordan L. , Shaffer H. Bradley 
Published: July 2022

AbstractCaliPopGen is a database of population genetic data for native and naturalized eukaryotic species in California, USA. It summarizes the published literature (1985–2020) for 5,453 unique populations with genetic data from more than 187,394 individuals and 448 species (513 species plus subspecies) across molecular markers including allozymes, RFLPs, mtDNA, microsatellites, nDNA, and SNPs. Terrestrial habitats accounted for the majority (46.4%) of the genetic data. Taxonomic groups with the greatest representation were Magnoliophyta (20.31%), Insecta (13.4%), and Actinopterygii (12.85%). CaliPopGen also reports life-history data for most included species to enable analyses of the drivers of genetic diversity across the state. The large number of populations and wide taxonomic breadth will facilitate explorations of ecological patterns and processes across the varied geography of California. CaliPopGen covers all terrestrial and marine ecoregions of California and has a greater density of species and georeferenced populations than any previously published population genetic database. It is thus uniquely suited to inform conservation management at the regional and state levels across taxonomic groups.
Spatial and Temporal Characterization of Activity in Public Space, 2019–2020
Authors: Brelsford Christa , Moehl Jessica , Weber Eric , Sparks Kevin , Tuccillo Joseph V. , Rose Amy 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe data reported here characterize spatial and temporal variation in the ratio of short-to-long-duration visits in public places (i.e., points of interest) in the United States for each week between January 2019 and December 2020. The underlying data on anonymized and aggregated foot traffic to public places is curated by SafeGraph, a geospatial data provider. In this work, we report the estimated number and duration of “short” (i.e., <4 hours) and “long” (i.e., >4 hours) visits to public places at the US census block group level. Long visits are shown to be a good proxy for workers based on formal economic data. We propose that short visits are more likely to represent nonobligate activities: people visiting a public place for leisure, shopping, entertainment, or civic or cultural engagement. Our work constructs a ratio of short to long visits, which can be used to inform population estimates for nonworker use of public space. These data may be useful for understanding how people’s use of public space has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and, more generally, for understanding activity patterns in public.
Time delays and risk factors in the management of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis: nationwide cohort study
Authors: Ko Yousang , Min Jinsoo , Kim Hyung Woo , Koo Hyeon-Kyoung , Oh Jee Youn , Jeong Yun-Jeong , Kang Hyeon Hui , Kang Ji Young , Kim Ju Sang , Lee Sung-Soon , Park Jae Seuk , Kwon Yunhyung , Yang Jiyeon , Han Jiyeon , Jang You Jin 
Published: July 2022

AbstractEstimating the time delay and identifying associated factors is essential for effective tuberculosis control. We systemically analysed data obtained from the Korea Tuberculosis Cohort in 2019 by classifying delays as presentation and healthcare delays of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Of 6593 patients with active PTB, presentation and healthcare delays were recorded in 4151 and 5571 patients, respectively. The median presentation delay was 16.0 (5.0–40.0) days. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that longer presentation delays were associated with neuropsychiatric disease [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.098; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.639–2.687; p < 0.001] and heavy alcohol intake (adjusted OR 1.505; 95% CI 1.187–1.907; p < 0.001). The median healthcare delay was 5.0 (1.0–14.0) days. A longer healthcare delay was associated with malignancy (adjusted OR 1.351; 95% CI 1.069–1.709; p = 0.012), autoimmune disease (adjusted OR 2.445; 95% CI 1.295–4.617; p = 0.006), and low bacterial burden manifested as an acid-fast bacillus smear-negative and tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction-negative status (adjusted OR 1.316; 95% CI 1.104–1.569; p = 0.002). Active case-finding programmes need to focus on patients with heavy alcoholism or neuropsychiatric diseases. To ensure early PTB detection, healthcare providers must carefully monitor patients with malignancy, autoimmune disease, or a high index of suspicion for PTB.
Virtual reality for the observation of oncology models (VROOM): immersive analytics for oncology patient cohorts
Authors: Lau Chng Wei , Qu Zhonglin , Draper Daniel , Quan Rosa , Braytee Ali , Bluff Andrew , Zhang Dongmo , Johnston Andrew , Kennedy Paul J. , Simoff Simeon , Nguyen Quang Vinh , Catchpoole Daniel 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe significant advancement of inexpensive and portable virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality devices has re-energised the research in the immersive analytics field. The immersive environment is different from a traditional 2D display used to analyse 3D data as it provides a unified environment that supports immersion in a 3D scene, gestural interaction, haptic feedback and spatial audio. Genomic data analysis has been used in oncology to understand better the relationship between genetic profile, cancer type, and treatment option. This paper proposes a novel immersive analytics tool for cancer patient cohorts in a virtual reality environment, virtual reality to observe oncology data models. We utilise immersive technologies to analyse the gene expression and clinical data of a cohort of cancer patients. Various machine learning algorithms and visualisation methods have also been deployed in VR to enhance the data interrogation process. This is supported with established 2D visual analytics and graphical methods in bioinformatics, such as scatter plots, descriptive statistical information, linear regression, box plot and heatmap into our visualisation. Our approach allows the clinician to interrogate the information that is familiar and meaningful to them while providing them immersive analytics capabilities to make new discoveries toward personalised medicine.
Life before impact in the Chicxulub area: unique marine ichnological signatures preserved in crater suevite
Authors: Rodríguez-Tovar Francisco J. , Kaskes Pim , Ormö Jens , Gulick Sean P. S. , Whalen Michael T. , Jones Heather L. , Lowery Christopher M. , Bralower Timothy J. , Smit Jan , King David T. , Goderis Steven , Claeys Philippe 
Published: July 2022

AbstractTo fully assess the resilience and recovery of life in response to the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary mass extinction ~ 66 million years ago, it is paramount to understand biodiversity prior to the Chicxulub impact event. The peak ring of the Chicxulub impact structure offshore the Yucatán Peninsula (México) was recently drilled and extracted a ~ 100 m thick impact-generated, melt-bearing, polymict breccia (crater suevite), which preserved carbonate clasts with common biogenic structures. We pieced this information to reproduce for the first time the macrobenthic tracemaker community and marine paleoenvironment prior to a large impact event at the crater area by combining paleoichnology with micropaleontology. A variable macrobenthic tracemaker community was present prior to the impact (Cenomanian–Maastrichtian), which included soft bodied organisms such as annelids, crustaceans and bivalves, mainly colonizing softgrounds in marine oxygenated, nutrient rich, conditions. Trace fossil assemblage from these upper Cretaceous core lithologies, with dominant Planolites and frequent Chondrites, corresponds well with that in the overlying post-impact Paleogene sediments. This reveals that the K-Pg impact event had no significant effects (i.e., extinction) on the composition of the macroinvertebrate tracemaker community in the Chicxulub region.
GPR87 promotes tumor cell invasion and mediates the immunogenomic landscape of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bai Rui , Zhang Jianguo , He Fajian , Li Yangyi , Dai Panpan , Huang Zhengrong , Han Linzhi , Wang Zhihao , Gong Yan , Xie Conghua 
Published: July 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the association between G protein-coupled receptor 87 (GPR87) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) metastasis and immune infiltration. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets extract clinical data. According to the TCGA database, increased GPR87 expression predicts poor overall survival, progression-free interval, and disease-specific survival in LUAD patients. The meta-analysis also reveals a significant association between high GPR87 expression and poor overall survival. Moreover, functional experiments demonstrate that GPR87 silencing reduces LUAD cell invasion and migration. Immunoblotting shows that GPR87 knockdown decreased Vimentin and N-cadherin expression and increased E-cadherin expression in LUAD cells. GPR87 expression in LUAD is positively correlated with immune infiltration. In addition, GPR87 expression is associated with immune and chemotherapy resistance in LUAD patients. Our findings indicate that GPR87 promotes tumor progression and is correlated with immune infiltration, suggesting GPR87 as a possible biomarker for prognosis prediction in LUAD.
Incidence of Poststroke Depression in Patients With Poststroke Dysphagia
Authors: Horn Janet , Simpson Kit N. , Simpson Annie N. , Bonilha Leonardo F. , Bonilha Heather S. 
Published: July 2022

Purpose:
Poststroke dysphagia and poststroke depression (PSD) can have devastating effects on stroke survivors, including increased burden of care, higher health care costs, poor quality of life, and greater mortality; however, there is a dearth of research examining depression in patients diagnosed with dysphagia after stroke. Thus, we aimed to study the incidence of PSD in patients with poststroke dysphagia to provide foundational knowledge about this patient population.

Method:
We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study of individuals with a primary diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and secondary diagnoses of dysphagia and/or depression using administrative claims data from the 2017 Medicare 5% Limited Data Set.

Results:

The proportion of depression diagnosis in patients with poststroke dysphagia was significantly higher than the proportion of depression diagnosis in those without poststroke dysphagia during acute hospitalization: 12.01% versus 9.52%, respectively (
p
= .003).

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrated that persons with poststroke dysphagia were as, or slightly more, likely to have PSD compared to the general stroke population, and to our knowledge, they establish the first reported incidence of PSD in Medicare patients with dysphagia after AIS. Future research is warranted to further explore the effects of PSD on poststroke dysphagia.