bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reclaiming racial dignity: An ethnographic study of how African youth in Australia use social media to visibilise anti‐Black racism
Authors: Gatwiri Kathomi , Moran Claire 
Published: June 2022

AbstractThe #BlackLivesMatter Movement has amplified the role of social media in visibilising anti‐Black violence. Drawing on the narratives and expertise of those who have experienced anti‐Black racism, this paper employs the theoretical concept of racial dignity to highlight how young African Australians participate in racial discourse on social media. The findings of this paper demonstrate that social media is a significant site where Black African youth reclaim racial dignity through: 1) reversing the white gaze; 2) recognising and calling out anti‐blackness; and 3) cultivating and engaging in communities of healing and belonging. Through these digital practices, Black African youth in Australia foster racial agency that promotes positive self‐recognition, racial resilience and racial dignity. We argue, therefore, that social media offer Black African young people in Australia spaces to engage in positive expressions of Afro‐blackness and challenge anti‐blackness in ways that are safer to them than in physical, offline settings in white contexts.
Generation of Twisted Gamma‐Rays via Two‐Photon Transition
Authors: Tashiro Motomichi , Sasao Noboru , Tanaka Minoru 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA method for generating twisted gamma rays utilizing highly accelerated helium‐like ions is presented. These ions are excited to a predetermined state by irradiating two optical lasers and emit a photon with orbital angular momentum in the deexcitation process. Accordingly, its emission rate together with other properties such as background and photo‐ionization processes is studied.
Structural and Dynamic Analysis of Sulphur Dioxide Adsorption in a Series of Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Li Jiangnan , Smith Gemma L. , Chen Yinlin , Ma Yujie , Kippax‐Jones Meredydd , Fan Mengtian , Lu Wanpeng , Frogley Mark D. , Cinque Gianfelice , Day Sarah J. , Thompson Stephen P. , Cheng Yongqiang , Daemen Luke L. , Ramirez‐Cuesta Anibal J. , Schröder Martin , Yang Sihai 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe report reversible high capacity adsorption of SO2 in robust Zr‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) materials. Zr‐bptc (H4bptc=biphenyl‐3,3′,5,5′‐tetracarboxylic acid) shows a high SO2 uptake of 6.2 mmol g−1 at 0.1 bar and 298 K, reflecting excellent capture capability and removal of SO2 at low concentration (2500 ppm). Dynamic breakthrough experiments confirm that the introduction of amine, atomically‐dispersed CuII or heteroatomic sulphur sites into the pores enhance the capture of SO2 at low concentrations. The captured SO2 can be converted quantitatively to a pharmaceutical intermediate, aryl N‐aminosulfonamide, thus converting waste to chemical values. In situ X‐ray diffraction, infrared micro‐spectroscopy and inelastic neutron scattering enable the visualisation of the binding domains of adsorbed SO2 molecules and host–guest binding dynamics in these materials at the atomic level. Refinement of the pore environment plays a critical role in designing efficient sorbent materials.
Statistical Analysis of the Measurement Noise in Dynamic Impedance Spectra
Authors: Chukwu Richard , Mugisa John , Brogioli Doriano , Mantia Fabio La 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInvited for this issue's Front Cover is the group of Professor Fabio La Mantia at the University of Bremen (Germany). The cover picture shows the developed theoretical variance of the error on the admittance and how this expression captures the experimental values of the standard deviations of the real and imaginary parts of the admittance. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202200109.
Unassisted overall water splitting with a solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of over 10% by coupled lead halide perovskite photoelectrodes
Authors: Rhee Ryan , Kim Tae G. , Jang Gyu Y. , Bae Gwangmin , Lee Jung H. , Lee Sunje , Kim Sungsoon , Jeon Seokwoo , Park Jong H. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHydrogen is a promising future sustainable fuel candidate with boundless opportunities. Research into photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting based on a lead halide perovskite (LHP) has progressed significantly with the aim of more efficient solar hydrogen production. Herein, we unite a well‐known photo‐absorbing LHP with cost‐effective water‐splitting catalysts, and we introduce two types of monolithic LHP‐based PEC devices that act as a photocathode and a photoanode for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, leading to efficient unbiased overall water splitting. Through the integration of these two monolithic LHP‐based photoelectrodes, an unbiased solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency of 10.64% and a photocurrent density of 8.65 mA cm−2 are achieved.
A review on the history, use, and new developments of abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport)
Authors: Patel Kevin R. , Riddle Ashley , Arffa Matthew , Hollmig S. Tyler 
Published: June 2022

AbstractAbobotulinumtoxinA is a botulinum neurotoxin type A that blocks the release of acetylcholine from peripheral cholinergic nerve terminals and thereby induces flaccid paralysis. It is the second produced botulinum neurotoxin type A of its class and is currently approved for the use in spasticity, dystonia in adults, and correction of glabellar wrinkle lines in adults up to 65 years of age. Though these are the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) indications for its use, there are many off‐label uses for abobotulinumtoxinA such as various facial lines, hyperhidrosis, temporomandibular disease, and other neuromuscular conditions. This summary article reviews the history, development, unique properties, clinical indications, and safety profile of abobotulinumtoxinA.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Synthesis of 1‐Oxa‐4‐aza‐spiro Oxazolines by Spiroannulation of Quinones with Vinyl Azides
Authors: Sarkar Subhankar , De Aramita , Santra Sougata , Khalymbadzha Igor A. , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Majee Adinath 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA simple and efficient method has been developed to synthesize 1‐oxa‐4‐aza‐spirooxazolines. The reaction was carried out at room temperature using rose bengal as an organic photoredox catalyst and blue LED as a light source. It was observed that quinones underwent spiroannulation reaction with vinyl azide on C−O double bond instead of C−C double bond through which various corresponding 1‐oxa‐4‐aza‐spirooxazolines have been synthesized in good to excellent yields.
Gas turbine gas‐path fault diagnosis in power plant under transient operating condition with variable geometry compressor
Authors: Li Jingchao , Ying Yulong , Wu Zhong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo extend useful life, improve availability, and reduce gas turbine maintenance costs, scholars have proposed many gas‐path fault diagnostic approaches on the basis of steady‐state operating conditions. However, gas turbines increasingly have to operate more flexibly in grid‐supported modes. In transient operating mode, the service life of the gas turbine will be consumed faster compared with that in base‐load operating mode. In addition, the use of a variable geometry compressor has introduced new uncertainty in the actual diagnostic process, making the applicable boundaries of the original gas‐path diagnosis methods narrower and narrower. Regarding the issue above, a novel approach is proposed for fault diagnosis of gas turbine gas‐path components in power plants under a transient operating condition with the variable geometry compressor for the first time. First, the mathematical relationship of the influence of the compressor inlet guide vane position on the compressor flow and efficiency characteristics is deduced. And a high‐precision thermodynamic model for the purpose of performance analysis and gas‐path fault diagnosis is established, which comprehensively considers the above interference factors and includes health parameters of the main gas‐path components. Second, the thermodynamic model‐based diagnosis strategy under transient operating conditions with the variable geometry compressor is proposed and component health parameters can be quantitatively obtained. At last, the effectiveness and reliability of the method proposed are validated through both simulation test and actual operation test with good accuracy and real‐time performance to diagnose single and multiple component performance degradations, and component abrupt fault.
Abnormal white‐matter rich‐club organization in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Baldi Samantha , Michielse Stijn , Vriend Chris , van den Heuvel Martijn P. , van den Heuvel Odile A. , Schruers Koen R. J. , Goossens Liesbet 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRich‐club organization is key to efficient global neuronal signaling and integration of information. Alterations interfere with higher‐order cognitive processes, and are common to several psychiatric and neurological conditions. A few studies examining the structural connectome in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) suggest lower efficiency of information transfer across the brain. However, it remains unclear whether this is due to alterations in rich‐club organization. In the current study, the structural connectome of 28 unmedicated OCD patients, 8 of their unaffected siblings and 28 healthy controls was reconstructed by means of diffusion‐weighted imaging and probabilistic tractography. Topological and weighted measures of rich‐club organization and connectivity were computed, alongside global and nodal measures of network integration and segregation. The relationship between clinical scores and network properties was explored. Compared to healthy controls, OCD patients displayed significantly lower topological and weighted rich‐club organization, allocating a smaller fraction of all connection weights to the rich‐club core. Global clustering coefficient, local efficiency, and clustering of nonrich club nodes were significantly higher in OCD patients. Significant three‐group differences emerged, with siblings displaying highest and lowest values in different measures. No significant correlation with any clinical score was found. Our results suggest weaker structural connectivity between rich‐club nodes in OCD patients, possibly resulting in lower network integration in favor of higher network segregation. We highlight the need of looking at network‐based alterations in brain organization and function when investigating the neurobiological basis of this disorder, and stimulate further research into potential familial protective factors against the development of OCD.
Numerical modeling of thermo‐flows in a trapezoidal cavity containing different solid objects
Authors: Adibi Tohid , Razavi Seyed Esmail , Adibi Omid , Soltani Saeed 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHeat transfer in chambers is essential in the industry as heating/cooling systems, as well as electronic equipment. This study investigates the mixed heat transfer of fluid inside a trapezoidal chamber with a hot obstacle. The variable parameters include trapezoidal side angles, Rayleigh number, surface emissivity coefficient of obstacle, heat conduction ratio, and aspect ratio of obstacle. In addition, the geometry of solid obstacles is considered rectangular and circular. The governing equations are solved numerically by a fourth‐order characteristics‐based scheme. The bottom wall of the obstacle has persistent heat flux, another wall is adiabatic and the sidelong walls of the cavity are cold, and the upper and lower walls are adiabatic. Moreover, the other walls are insulated. The results demonstrate that the mean Nusselt number of cold walls declines as the angle of side walls increases in different Rayleigh numbers. Nusselt number rises with an increment of Rayleigh number at sustained angles. Higher aspect ratios and emissivity coefficients lead to higher Nusselt numbers for various Rayleigh numbers. The results show that by increasing the angle, the Nusselt number decreases up to 50%. Also, the Nusselt number for rectangle obstacles is up to 30% more than that for a circular obstacle. The working fluid here is water, with Prandtl number 6.9.
Identification of novel quinazolinone hybrids as cytotoxic agents against C6 glioma cell lines
Authors: Pagilla Shankaraiah , Anagani Kanaka Durga Bhavani , Vodnala Sumathi , Kamutam Ramakrishna , Mudiraj Anwita , Phanithi Prakash Babu , Chetti Prabhakar 
Published: June 2022

AbstractNovel quinazolinone‐triazole hybrid heterocycles were identified as cytotoxic agents to inhibit glioblastoma cell proliferation. These compounds were synthesized using click reaction by building a triazole linker on quinazolinone and tested for cytotoxicity on C6 glioma cell lines, a facsimile of glioblastoma multiforme. Few of these series significantly reduced the proliferation of cell lines with IC50 8–15 μM and may act as fetching leads for glioblastoma therapies. The binding affinity and ligand‐receptor interaction between hybrids and rat thymidylate synthase were investigated using molecular docking techniques.
The relation of blood cell division control protein 42 level with disease risk, comorbidity, tumor features/markers, and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Gao Shuquan , Xue Jun , Wu Xueliang , Zhong Tingting , Zhang Yingchun , Li Shaodong 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundCell division control protein 42 (CDC42) is involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression by modulating CD8+ T cell activation, immune escape, and direct oncogenetic biological processes. This study aimed to explore the correlation of blood CDC42 with disease risk, comorbidities, disease features, tumor markers, and prognosis among CRC patients.MethodsCDC42 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction from 250 resectable CRC patients and 50 healthy controls (HCs). CDC42 was divided by quartiles, as well as high and low expressions in CRC patients for correlation and survival analysis.ResultsCDC42 was elevated in CRC patients vs. HCs (p < 0.001), which had a good ability to distinguish CRC patients from HCs with the area under the curve (95% confidence interval) of 0.889 (0.841–0.937). In CRC patients, CDC42 was not associated with demographics or comorbidities (all p > 0.05), while its higher quartile was linked to increased T stage (p < 0.001), N stage (p = 0.009), TNM stage (p < 0.001), abnormal carcinoembryonic antigen (p = 0.043), and adjuvant chemotherapy administration (p = 0.002). Higher CDC42 quartile (p = 0.002) and CDC42 high (vs. low) (p < 0.001) were related to worse disease‐free survival (DFS); meanwhile, elevated CDC42 quartile (p = 0.002) and CDC42 high (vs. low) (p = 0.001) were also linked to poor overall survival (OS). Multivariate Cox's regression analysis presented that CDC42 quartile 3 and 4 (vs. quartile 1) independently predicted declined DFS and OS (all p < 0.05).ConclusionCirculating CDC42 relates to higher disease risk, T, N, and TNM stage, abnormal tumor marker, and poor prognosis among CRC patients.
Facile one‐pot pyrolysis preparation of SnO2/g‐C3N4 composites for improved photocatalytic H2 production
Authors: Cai Chongze , Wang Zihao , Shi Jinwen , Zhang Yazhou , Mao Liuhao , Chen Feng , Wang Tianhao , Chen Yubin 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBACKGROUNDGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has attracted extensive attention as a typical photocatalyst. However, g‐C3N4 still needs to be modified to obtain enhanced hydrogen production activity.RESULTSHere, SnO2/g‐C3N4 composites were prepared by a facile one‐pot pyrolysis method, and showed enhanced visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic H2 production activities with the highest value of 241 μmol h−1 g−1, which was about four times that of pure polymeric g‐C3N4. The facile one‐pot pyrolysis method not only promoted effective coupling between g‐C3N4 and SnO2, but also adjusted the photocatalytic performance‐related physicochemical properties of polymeric g‐C3N4. The reduction of particle sizes of g‐C3N4 promoted the migration of photogenerated carriers to the surface and the introduction of SnO2 as electron transport material promoted the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers from g‐C3N4 host photocatalyst to metallic Pt cocatalyst, synergistically restraining the recombination of photogenerated carriers. Moreover, the increased specific surface areas and pore volumes enriched the reactive sites and facilitated the mass transfer of reactants, thus accelerating the redox reactions. Furthermore, the enhanced light absorption promoted the generation of photogenerated carriers which was beneficial for photocatalytic reactions.CONCLUSIONSThis work provides an effective reference for the application of Sn species in the modification of photocatalysts, especially polymeric g‐C3N4. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Career calculus: Assessing the psychological cost of pursuing an engineering career
Authors: Henderson Trevion S. , Shoemaker Katie A. , Lattuca Lisa R. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundPersonal characteristics (e.g., race/ethnicity, gender, and precollege experiences) are known to shape students' pathways to engineering, as well as persistence decisions in college. However, the role of psychological cost in postgraduation intentions has received less scholarly attention.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine sociocognitive factors that shape students' postgraduation intentions in the early college years. Guided by Social Cognitive Career Theory and the concept of psychological cost, we examine the role of self‐efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations, and psychological cost, as well as key background characteristics, in students' postgraduation intentions.MethodWe analyzed survey responses from four cohorts of undergraduate engineering students at a large public university. Participants responded to items measuring self‐efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations, and psychological cost after their first and second years of college. We used structural equation modeling to examine the relationships between the sociocognitive variables and students' graduate school and career intentions.ResultsThe sociocognitive variables predicting postgraduation intentions after Year 1 differed from those predicting intentions after Year 2. After Year 1, we found no statistically significant sociocognitive variables predicting graduate school intentions or engineering career plans. After Year 2, both self‐efficacy and outcome expectations were significant predictors of postgraduation intentions. The psychological cost was significantly related to both self‐efficacy and outcome expectations. Finally, we found significant differences in racial/ethnic identity, sex, and first‐generation status.ConclusionExamining psychological cost provides additional insights into the factors informing students' postgraduation intentions over the course of their collegiate careers and suggests new directions for research on students' thinking about engineering careers.
Influence of climate, topography, and soil type on soil extractable phosphorus in croplands of northern glacial‐derived landscapes
Authors: Plach Janina M. , Macrae Merrin L. , Wilson Henry F. , Costa Diogo , Kokulan Vivekananthan , Lobb David A. , King Kevin W. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractDelineating the relative solubility of soil phosphorus (P) in agricultural landscapes is essential to predicting potential P mobilization in the landscape and can improve nutrient management strategies. This study describes spatial patterns of soil extractable P (easily, moderately, and poorly soluble P) in agricultural landscapes of the Red River basin and the southern Great Lakes region. Surface soils (0–30 cm) and select deeper cores (0–90 cm) were collected from 10 cropped fields ranging in terrain (near‐level to hummocky), soil texture (clay to loam), composition (calcareous to noncalcareous), and climate across these differing glacial landscapes. Poorly soluble P dominated (up to 91%) total extractable P in the surface soils at eight sites. No differences in the relative solubilities of soil extractable P with microtopography were apparent in landscapes without defined surface depressions. In contrast, in landscapes with pronounced surface depressions, increased easily soluble P (Sol‐P), and decreased soil P sorption capacity were found in soil in wetter, low‐slope zones relative to drier upslope locations. The Sol‐P pool was most important to soil P retention (up to 28%) within the surface depressions of the Red River basin and at sites with low‐carbonate soils in the southern Lake Erie watershed (up to 28%), representing areas at elevated risk of soil P remobilization. This study demonstrates interrelationships among soil extractable P pools, soil development, and soil moisture regimes in agricultural glacial landscapes and provides insight into identifying potential areas for soil P remobilization and associated P availability to crops and runoff.
White Matter Tract Injury by MRI in CADASIL Patients is Associated With Iron Accumulation
Authors: Hong Hui , Wang Shuyue , Yu Xinfeng , Jiaerken Yeerfan , Guan Xiaojun , Zeng Qingze , Yin Xinzhen , Zhang Ruiting , Zhang Yao , Zhu Zili , Huang Peiyu , Zhang Minming 
Published: June 2022

BackgroundWidespread white matter (WM) injury is a hallmark feature of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). However, controversies about the mechanism of WM tract injury exist persistently. Excessive iron accumulation, frequently reported in CADASIL patients, might cause WM tract injury.PurposeTo test the association between iron accumulation and WM tract injury in CADASIL patients.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 35 CADASIL patients (age = 50.4 ± 6.4, 62.9% female) and 48 healthy controls (age = 55.7 ± 8.0, 68.8% female).Field Strength/SequenceDiffusion‐weighted spin‐echo echo‐planar sequence; enhanced susceptibility‐weighted angiography (ESWAN) gradient echo sequence on a 3 T scanner.AssessmentThe phase images acquired by ESWAN were used to calculate quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Iron accumulation was evaluated in deep gray matters using QSM. WM tract injury was quantified by diffusion metrics based on WM major tracts skeleton. We compared iron deposition between groups and analyzed the correlation between WM tract injury and iron deposition in regions showing significant differences from healthy controls. Exploratory analysis was carried out to investigate whether WM tract injury mediated the relationship between iron deposition and cognitive impairment evaluated by Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE).Statistical TestsGeneral linear model (GLM), partial correlation, stepwise linear regression and mediation analysis were used. The threshold of statistical significance was set as p < 0.05.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, CADASIL patients had significantly increased iron deposition in the caudate and putamen. Aberrant iron deposition in these two regions was significantly associated with decreased WM fractional anisotropy (FA) (caudate, r = −0.373； putamen, r = − 0.421), and increased radial diffusivity (RD) (caudate, r = 0.372; putamen, r = 0.386). Furthermore, WM tract injury mediated the relationship between iron deposition and cognitive impairment.Data ConclusionPatients with CADASIL show increased iron deposition in the caudate and putamen that is correlated to WM tract injury, which may in turn mediate the association with cognitive impairment.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2