bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term results after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar tendon versus hamstring tendon autograft with a minimum follow-up of 10 years—a systematic review
Authors: Sollberger V. D. , Korthaus A. , Barg A. , Pagenstert G. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction
A lot of research addresses superiority of the two commonly used autografts bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) and hamstring tendon for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, without getting to consensus. While there are numerous studies and reviews on short- to mid-term follow-up, not much literature is available on long-term follow-up. As patients suffering ACL injuries are often of young age and high athletic activity, it is crucial to have the best evidence possible for graft choice to minimize consequences, like osteoarthritis later on.

Materials and methods
A search of the online databases, PubMed and Embase, was carried out last on 31st March 2022 for studies comparing BPTB and hamstring tendon (HT) autografts for ACL reconstruction in human patients with a minimum follow-up of 10 years. The methodological quality of each study has been evaluated using the modified Coleman Methodology Score. Results on the three variables patient-oriented outcomes, clinical testing and measurements and radiographic outcomes were gathered and are presented in this review.

Results
Of 1299 records found, nine studies with a total of 1833 patients were identified and included in this systematic review. The methodological quality of the studies ranged from a Coleman Score of 63–88. Many studies reported no or only few statistically significant differences. Significant results in favour of BPTB were found for activity levels and for instrumented laxity testing with the KT-1000 arthrometer. Better outcomes for HT were found in IKDC-SKF, the KOOS, donor site morbidity, pivot shift test, radiographic osteoarthritis (IKDC C or D) and contralateral ACL rupture. No studies presented significant differences in terms of Lysholm Score or Tegner Activity Score, Lachman test, single-legged hop test, deficits in range of motion, osteoarthritis using the Kellgren and Lawrence classification or graft rupture.

Conclusion
We cannot recommend one graft to be superior, since both grafts show disadvantages in the long-term follow-up. Considering the limitation of our systematic review of no quantitative analysis, we cannot draw further conclusions from the many insignificant results presented by individual studies.
Level of evidence: IV.
The genomic analysis of current-day North African populations reveals the existence of trans-Saharan migrations with different origins and dates
Authors: Lucas-Sánchez Marcel , Fadhlaoui-Zid Karima , Comas David 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe Sahara Desert has acted as a barrier to human gene-flow between the northern and central parts of Africa since its aridification. Nonetheless, some contacts between both sides of the desert have occurred throughout history, mainly driven by commercial activity. Part of this was the infamous trans-Saharan slave trade, which forcedly brought peoples from south of the Sahara to North Africa from Roman times until the nineteenth century. Although historical records exist, the genetic aspects of these trans-Saharan migrations have not been deeply studied. In the present study, we assess the genetic influence of trans-Saharan migrations in current-day North Africa and characterize its amount, geographical origin, and dates. We confirm the heterogeneous and generally low-frequency presence of genomic segments of sub-Saharan origin in present-day North Africans acquired in recent historical times, and we show evidence of at least two admixture events: one dated around the thirteenth–fourteenth centuries CE between North Africans and a Western-sub-Saharan-like source similar to current-day Senegambian populations, and another one dated around the seventeenth century CE involving Tunisians and an Eastern-sub-Saharan-like source related to current-day south-Sudan and Kenyan populations. Time and location coincide with the peak of trans-Saharan slave-trade activity between Western African empires and North African powers, and are also concordant with the possibility of continuous recent south-to-north gene-flow. These findings confirm the trans-Saharan human genetic contacts, providing new and precise evidence about its possible dates and geographical origins, which are pivotal to understanding the genomic composition of an underrepresented region such as North Africa.
Erholungs-Beanspruchungs-Zustand im Rettungsdienst während der ersten beiden Wellen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie
Authors: Schumann Heiko , Botscharow Julia , Thielmann Beatrice , Böckelmann Irina 
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Balance zwischen Belastungsempfinden und Erholung der Einsatzkräfte im Rettungsdienst während des Diensts und in der Freizeit ist ein wesentlicher Indikator für die psychische und physische Gesundheit. Sie gewährleistet Erfolg in der notfallmedizinischen Versorgung und ist gleichzeitig auch ein gesundheitspolitischer, ökonomischer Faktor für jede Organisation. Das Ziel der Studie war es, den Erholungs-Beanspruchungs-Zustand des Rettungsdienstpersonals während der ersten und zweiten Welle der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie zu analysieren.

Material und Methoden
Die quantitative Querschnittstudie umfasst 1936 Datensätze von Einsatzkräften (334 Frauen und 1602 Männer, Durchschnittsalter 34,9 ± 10,5 Jahre). Die Onlinebefragung während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie erfolgte während der ersten Welle 2020 (t1) und der zweiten Welle 2021 (t2). Es wurde die Kurzform EBF-24/A (Testform S2) des Erholungs-Belastungs-Fragebogens (EBF) nach Kallus angewendet.

Ergebnisse
Im Verlauf der beiden Erhebungsphasen nahm die Dimension Beanspruchung signifikant zu (t1: 2,52 ± 0,98 und t2: 2,88 ± 1,04 Punkte, p < 0,001) und die Erholung signifikant ab (t1: 2,98 ± 0,90 und t2: 2,64 ± 0,89 Punkte, p < 0,001). Ähnliches bot sich auch für die dazugehörigen Subskalen mit Ausnahme der Subskala „erholsamer Schlaf“ der Dimension Erholung (t1: 2,81 ± 1,36 und t2: 2,72 ± 1,36 Punkte).

Schlussfolgerung
Die seit Anfang 2020 bestehende SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie verdeutlicht, dass das Belastungserleben von der ersten zur zweiten Welle zugenommen und das Empfinden der Erholung für Einsatzkräfte im Rettungsdienst abgenommen hat. Die Studie bietet eine Einordnung zur gegenwärtigen Situation des Erholungs-Beanspruchungs-Zustands im deutschen Rettungsdienst und erlaubt Prognosen über Leistung und Gesundheit in Pandemiesituationen. Dabei ist davon auszugehen, dass die Verschlechterung des Ist-Zustands nicht einzig nur aus dem Arbeitskontext resultiert, sondern gleichzeitig ein Spiegelbild der Ressourcenausstattung darstellt, die sich aus der Gesamtheit der Einflüsse des Individuums ableitet.
Outside options in neutral allocation of discrete resources
Authors: Pycia Marek , Utku Ünver M. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractSerial dictatorships have emerged as the canonical simple mechanisms in the literature on the allocation of indivisible goods without transfers. They are the only neutral and group-strategy-proof mechanisms in environments in which agents have no outside options and hence no individual rationality constraints (Svensson in Soc Choice Welfare 16:557–567, 1999). Accounting for outside options and individual rationality constraints, our main result constructs the class of group-strategy-proof, neutral, and non-wasteful mechanisms. These mechanisms are also Pareto efficient and we call them binary serial dictatorships. The abundance of the outside option—anybody who wants can opt out to get it—is crucial for our result.
Bar Attendance and Alcohol Use Before and After COVID-19 Related Restrictions Among HIV-infected Adults in South-Western Uganda
Authors: Asiimwe Caroline , Fatch Robin , Cheng Debbie M. , Emenyonu Nneka I. , Ngabirano Christine , Muyindike Winnie R. , Hahn Judith A. 
Published: November 2022

AbstractAlcohol use is especially problematic for people living with HIV (PLWH) and was likely to be impacted by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and its restrictions. In a study of PLWH with latent tuberculosis infection, we measured unhealthy alcohol use with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C), phosphatidylethanol (PEth) and bar attendance. We analyzed data collected before and after COVID-19 restrictions, and used Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) logistic regression models to evaluate changes in unhealthy alcohol use. While bar attendance declined from 57.0% before to 38.3% after the restrictions started, multivariable analysis controlling for bar use showed a significant increase in unhealthy alcohol use; the adjusted odds ratio for unhealthy drinking before versus after the restrictions started was 1.37 (95% CI: 0.89–2.12) which increased to 1.64 (95% CI: 1.08–2.50) when bar attendance was added to the model. Decline in bar attendance did not decrease unhealthy alcohol use.
Regularized impurity reduction: accurate decision trees with complexity guarantees
Authors: Zhang Guangyi , Gionis Aristides 
Published: November 2022

AbstractDecision trees are popular classification models, providing high accuracy and intuitive explanations. However, as the tree size grows the model interpretability deteriorates. Traditional tree-induction algorithms, such as C4.5 and CART, rely on impurity-reduction functions that promote the discriminative power of each split. Thus, although these traditional methods are accurate in practice, there has been no theoretical guarantee that they will produce small trees. In this paper, we justify the use of a general family of impurity functions, including the popular functions of entropy and Gini-index, in scenarios where small trees are desirable, by showing that a simple enhancement can equip them with complexity guarantees. We consider a general setting, where objects to be classified are drawn from an arbitrary probability distribution, classification can be binary or multi-class, and splitting tests are associated with non-uniform costs. As a measure of tree complexity, we adopt the expected cost to classify an object drawn from the input distribution, which, in the uniform-cost case, is the expected number of tests. We propose a tree-induction algorithm that gives a logarithmic approximation guarantee on the tree complexity. This approximation factor is tight up to a constant factor under mild assumptions. The algorithm recursively selects a test that maximizes a greedy criterion defined as a weighted sum of three components. The first two components encourage the selection of tests that improve the balance and the cost-efficiency of the tree, respectively, while the third impurity-reduction component encourages the selection of more discriminative tests. As shown in our empirical evaluation, compared to the original heuristics, the enhanced algorithms strike an excellent balance between predictive accuracy and tree complexity.
Variational satisfiability solving: efficiently solving lots of related SAT problems
Authors: Young Jeffrey M. , Bittner Paul Maximilian , Walkingshaw Eric , Thüm Thomas 
Published: November 2022

AbstractIncremental satisfiability (SAT) solving is an extension of classic SAT solving that enables solving a set of related SAT problems by identifying and exploiting shared terms. However, using incremental solvers effectively is hard since performance is sensitive to the input order of subterms and results must be tracked manually. For analyses that generate sets of related SAT problems, such as those in software product lines, incremental solvers are either not used or their use is not clearly described in the literature. This paper translates the ordering problem to an encoding problem and automates the use of incremental solving. We introduce variational SAT solving, which differs from incremental solving by accepting all related problems as a single variational input and returning all results as a single variational output. Variational solving syntactically encodes differences in related SAT problems as local points of variation. With this syntax, our approach automates the interaction with the incremental solver and enables a method to automatically optimize sharing in the input. To evaluate these ideas, we formalize a variational SAT algorithm, construct a prototype variational solver, and perform an empirical analysis on two real-world datasets that applied incremental solvers to software evolution scenarios. We show, assuming a variational input, that the prototype solver scales better for these problems than four off-the-shelf incremental solvers while also automatically tracking individual results.
Towards effective assessment of steady state performance in Java software: are we there yet?
Authors: Traini Luca , Cortellessa Vittorio , Di Pompeo Daniele , Tucci Michele 
Published: November 2022

AbstractMicrobenchmarking is a widely used form of performance testing in Java software. A microbenchmark repeatedly executes a small chunk of code while collecting measurements related to its performance. Due to Java Virtual Machine optimizations, microbenchmarks are usually subject to severe performance fluctuations in the first phase of their execution (also known as warmup). For this reason, software developers typically discard measurements of this phase and focus their analysis when benchmarks reach a steady state of performance. Developers estimate the end of the warmup phase based on their expertise, and configure their benchmarks accordingly. Unfortunately, this approach is based on two strong assumptions: (i) benchmarks always reach a steady state of performance and (ii) developers accurately estimate warmup. In this paper, we show that Java microbenchmarks do not always reach a steady state, and often developers fail to accurately estimate the end of the warmup phase. We found that a considerable portion of studied benchmarks do not hit the steady state, and warmup estimates provided by software developers are often inaccurate (with a large error). This has significant implications both in terms of results quality and time-effort. Furthermore, we found that dynamic reconfiguration significantly improves warmup estimation accuracy, but still it induces suboptimal warmup estimates and relevant side-effects. We envision this paper as a starting point for supporting the introduction of more sophisticated automated techniques that can ensure results quality in a timely fashion.
Face-to-Face with the Doctor Online: Phenomenological Analysis of Patient Experience of Teleconsultation
Authors: Grīnfelde Māra 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic has considerably accelerated the adoption of teleconsultation—a form of consultation between patient and health care professional that occurs via videoconferencing platforms. For this reason, it is important to investigate the way in which this form of interaction modifies the nature of the clinical encounter and the extent to which this modification impacts the healing process. For this purpose, I will refer to insights into the clinical encounter as a face-to-face encounter drawn from the phenomenology of medicine (R. Zaner, K. Toombs, E. Pellegrino). I will also take into account a criticism that has been expressed by various contemporary phenomenologists (H. Dreyfus, T. Fuchs, L. Dolezal, H. Carel), namely, that due to the lack of physical proximity to the other in all types of online encounters, such encounters lack significant features that are present in face-to-face encounters, with the most important of these being the possibility of attaining an empathetic perception of the other and a sense of embodied risk. As these elements are essential features of the clinical encounter, the aim of this paper is to determine whether teleconsultation exhibits these features. To do that, I will integrate phenomenological philosophy with qualitative research drawing materials from both the philosophical tradition, particularly with respect to the concepts of the face-to-face encounter and embodied risk (A. Schutz and H. Dreyfus), and qualitative research study regarding patient experiences of teleconsultation. I will argue that teleconsultation does involve both the possibility of perceiving the other empathetically and the possibility of experiencing a sense of embodied risk.
Modeling spatial point processes in video-imaging via Ripley’s K-function: an application to spatter analysis in additive manufacturing
Authors: Colosimo Bianca Maria , Pagani Luca , Grasso Marco 
Published: November 2022

AbstractFor an increasing number of applications, the quality and the stability of manufacturing processes can be determined via image and video-image data analysis and new techniques are required to extract and synthesize the relevant information content enclosed in big sensor data to draw conclusions about the process and the final part quality. This paper focuses on video image data where the phenomena under study is captured by a point process whose spatial signature is of interest. A novel approach is proposed which combines spatial data modeling via Ripley’s K-function with Functional Analysis of Variance (FANOVA), i.e., Analysis of Variance on Functional data. The K-function allows to synthesize the spatial pattern information in a function while preserving the capability to capture changes in the process behavior. The method is applicable to quantities and phenomena that can be represented as clusters, or clouds, of spatial points evolving over time. In our case, the motivating case study regards the analysis of spatter ejections caused by the laser-material interaction in Additive Manufacturing via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF). The spatial spread of spatters, captured in the form of point particles through in-situ high speed machine vision, can be used as a proxy to select the best conditions to avoid defects (pores) in the manufactured part. The proposed approach is shown to be not only an efficient way to translate the high-dimensional video image data into a lower dimensional format (the K-function curves), but also more effective than benchmark methods in detecting departures from a stable and in-control state.
Decomposition Behavior of Stereocomplex PLA Melt-Blown Fine Fiber Mats in Water and in Compost
Authors: Kara Yahya , Molnár Kolos 
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis study introduces systematic and comparative investigations of various PLA fine fiber mats prepared by melt blowing. A series of PLLA and PDLA melt-blown fibers from various L and D enantiomers blends were produced. Their morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties were studied, and their decomposition in water and compost was investigated. It was found that the 1:1 ratio blend with stereocomplex crystals had an 80% lower average fiber diameter, 60% higher specific strength and better thermal stability than the PLLA and PDLA fiber mats. In the case of composting, the crystalline peak melting temperature, crystallinity, and thermogravimetric decomposition temperatures marginally decreased after 14 days. The high surface of the fine fiber mats played a crucial role in fast decomposition, as they entirely disintegrated in less than only 40 days. In the case of water, the homocrystalline domains were more susceptible to hydrolysis than the stereocomplex ones. All the PLA fiber mats underwent decomposition and extensive disintegration for 70 days in water. Hydrolysis reduced the amorphous and crystalline fraction of the fibers via surface and bulk erosion, while the decomposition of stereocomplex-crystalline-rich domains mainly exhibited surface erosion. Findings revealed that high porosity and the high surface area of PLA melt-blown fine fiber mats undergo fast decomposition in compost and in water.
Graphical Abstract
Image parallel block compressive sensing scheme using DFT measurement matrix
Authors: Wang Zhongpeng , Jiang Yannan , Chen Shoufa 
Published: November 2022

AbstractCompressive sensing (CS)-based image coding has been widely studied in the field of image processing. However, the CS-based image encoder has a significant gap in image reconstruction performance compared with the conventional image compression methods. In order to improve the reconstruction quality of CS-based image encoder, we proposed an image parallel block compressive sensing (BCS) coding scheme, which is based on discrete Cosine transform (DCT) sparse basis matrix and partial discrete Fourier transform (DFT) measurement matrix. In the proposed parallel BCS scheme, each column of an image block is sampled by the same DFT measurement matrix. Due to the complex property of DFT measurement matrix, the compressed image data is complex. Then, the real part and imaginary part of the resulting BCS data are quantized and transformed into two bit streams, respectively. At the reconstruction stage, the resulting two bit streams are transformed back into two real signals using inverse quantization operation. The resulting two real signals are combined into one complex signal, which is served as the input data of the CS reconstructed algorithm. The theoretical analysis based on minimum Frobenius norm method demonstrates that the proposed DFT measurement matrix outperforms the other conventional measurement matrices. The simulation results show that the reconstructed performance of the proposed DFT measurement matrix is better than that of the other conventional measurement matrices for the proposed parallel BCS. Specifically, we analyzed the impact of quantization on the reconstruction performance of CS. The experiment results show that the effect of the quantization on reconstruction performance in BCS framework can nearly be ignored.
A rigorous deterministic global optimization approach for the derivation of secondary information in digital maps
Authors: Eder Michael , Skibinski Sebastian , Ulbrich Michael 
Published: November 2022

AbstractWe derive a generic system that constructs an optimization model for an emergency stop scenario on the highway, based on map data from high definition maps that are used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and in Highly Automated Driving (HAD). New additional situative and scenario-based information is computed by applying a global maximization approach to the model. For this purpose, we develop two new rigorous and deterministic branch-and-bound algorithms that both determine the certified global optimal value up to a predefined tolerance. The underlying interval optimization algorithm, which uses first-order techniques, is enhanced by one of two second-order methods that are applied for specifically selected intervals. We investigate two approaches that either compute a concave overestimator for the objective function or approximate the function with a quadratic polynomial using Taylor expansion. We show the limits of interval arithmetic in our problem, especially for the interval versions of the derivatives, and present a local linearization of the curve data that improves the results significantly. The presented novel method for deriving secondary information is compared to state of the art methods on two exemplary and for the automotive context representative scenarios to show the advantages of our approach.