bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncontrolled HIV and inflammation is associated with intracranial saccular aneurysm presence
Authors: Dugue Rachelle , Schnall Rebecca , Liu Minghua , Brickman Adam M. , Pavol Marykay , Porra Tiffany , Gutierrez Jose 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
To study biomarkers of inflammation in cerebrovascular disease, exploring modifiable and non-modifiable biochemical and clinical risk factors associated with the presence of intracranial saccular aneurysms (ISAs) in an HIV-positive cohort.

Design:
A cross-sectional community-based study was used to study blood biomarkers of inflammation as predictors of cerebrovascular disease, specifically the presence of ISAs in persons with HIV. Potential biochemical and clinical predictors of ISA presence were identified.

Methods:
Time of flight magnetic resonance angiography and magnetic resonance imaging data identified the presence of ISAs in an HIV-positive cohort. Quantitative assays for neuroinflammatory biomarkers were performed on plasma blood samples. Lasso regression models were used to identify neuroinflammatory biomarkers and clinical risk factors associated with ISAs.

Results:
Eight of 72 participants had radiographically identified ISAs. ISAs were more common in non-Hispanic black participants (18.5% vs. 0% presence in nonblack patients). Participants with well controlled HIV (defined as CD4+ count >200 cells/ml and undetectable viral load at time of magnetic resonance imaging) had lower odds of ISAs (odds ratio: 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.05–0.79) independent of age, sex, ethnicity and vascular risk factors. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 p, an HIV- suppressive factor detected in participant blood samples, was inversely associated with aneurysm presence.

Conclusion:
Well controlled HIV is associated with fewer ISAs. The identification of non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors contributing to ISA formation may provide valuable insight to impact clinical practice and inform the pathophysiology underlying ISA formation.
A Rare Case of Front Mandible Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cyst – Surgical Management with Preventive Rigid Osteosynthesis
Authors: Zadrozny Łukasz , Rogus Pawel , Pyzlak Michał , Tallarico Marco , Cicciu Marco 
Published: February 2022

Purpose:
Cysts and other intrabony lesions can grow asymptomatic until being diagnosed by occasionally done radiologic examination. Missing tooth and malposition of adjacent teeth should induce clinicians to perform X-Ray diagnostic.

Methods:
A 37-year-old, male patient was admitted with a hopeless tooth 36, to be extracted and replaced with an implant. Clinical examination revealed also missing one of lower incisors and malposition of remaining lower incisors. Cone-beam computed tomography revealed horizontally impacted lower incisor surrounded by bone defect −15 × 20 × 8 mm with the bone thickness remaining only 3.5 mm in the narrowest area. The basis on strong masticatory muscles and low thickness of bone after surgical removal of tooth and lesion, prophylactic osteosynthesis was planned. To explain the surgery to the patient model of the mandible was 3D printed.

Results:
Two treatment plans were presented to the patient: 1. custom plate production according to the bone defect and the shape of remaining bone and 2. choosing a standard plate and adjusting it on the 3D printed model. Costs of the material were 10 times higher in a custom solution. Plan 2 was then accepted. 1.2 mm straight plate was prebend on the model and sterilized. Lesion and impacted tooth were removed in local anesthesia. Prepared plates were fixed.

Conclusions:
In the presented case custom 3D printed osteosynthesis plate was about 10 times more expensive compared to the standard osteosynthesis plate used. 3D printing of bone model may be helpful for prebending chosen standard plate and planning the surgery.
Application of Segmented Template in Three-Dimensionally Guided Mandibular Angle Osteotomy
Authors: Zhou Sizheng , Yu Zheyuan , Duan Huichuan , Jiang Taoran , Li Dong , Yuan Jie , Gao Jiaman , Wei Min , Xu Liang 
Published: February 2022

Background:
The procedure of mandibular angle osteotomy (MAO) via an intraoral approach is challenging and experience-dependent due to the limited field of view and inadequate operational space. Uncertainty about the osteotomy line and plane can lead to severe complications. A three-dimensional printed guidance template based on a computer-assisted preoperative simulation is a potential solution to this problem. The current study aims to retrospectively investigate the feasibility and accuracy of using a custom-made segmented template to guide the osteotomy plane during the procedure.

Methods:
Sixty patients who had segmented template-guided MAO were included in the study. Preoperative simulation using the custom-designed template and postoperative computed tomography were collected and parameters, including mandibular angle, gonion distance, and the mandibular plane angle were measured. A paired t tests and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to evaluate the efficacy, accuracy, and symmetry of the results. All complications were reviewed.

Results:
The patients had a significantly larger mandibular angle and narrower gonion distance postoperatively. Preoperative simulations and postoperative outcomes were compared; ICCs were larger than 95% indicating significant agreement. Bilateral postoperative comparisons of the mandible also demonstrated excellent agreement (ICC > 95%). Numbness in the chin area was the most frequent complication but all recovered by 3 months postoperatively.

Conclusions:
The custom-made template can guide the osteotomy plane during the MAO procedure and achieve favorable accuracy and symmetry. Direct contact of the saw with the guidance template not only facilitates control of the osteotomy line but also the oblique angle of the osteotomy plane. This methodology may be a feasible and effective tool for mandibular contouring.
Colonoscopic-Assisted Laparoscopic Wedge Resection for Colonic Lesions
Authors: Leicher Laura W , Huisman Jelle F. , van Grevenstein Wilhelmina M. U. , Didden Paul , Backes Yara , Offerhaus G. Johan A. , Laclé Miangela M. , Moll Freek C. P. , Geesing Joost M. J. , Smakman Niels , Droste Jochim S. Terhaar Sive , Verdaasdonk Emiel G. G. , ter Borg Frank , Talsma A. Koen , Erkelens G. Willemien , van der Zaag Edwin S. , Schrauwen Ruud WM. , van Wely Bob J. , Schot Ingrid , Vermaas Maarten , van Bergeijk Jeroen D. , Sietses Colin , Hazen Wouter L. , Wasowicz Dareczka K. , Ramsoekh Dewkoemar , Tuynman Jurriaan B. , Alderlieste Yasser A. , Renger Rutger-Jan , Oort Frank A. , Bilgen Ernst Jan Spillenaar , Vleggaar Frank P. , Vasen Hans F. A. , de Vos tot Nederveen Cappel Wouter H. , Moons Leon M. G. , van Westreenen Henderik L. 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a modified CAL-WR.

Summary Background Data:
The use of segmental colectomy in patients with endoscopically unresectable colonic lesions results in significant morbidity and mortality. CAL-WR is an alternative procedure that may reduce morbidity.

Methods:
This prospective multicenter study was performed in 13 Dutch hospitals between January 2017 and December 2019. Inclusion criteria were (1) colonic lesions inaccessible using current endoscopic resection techniques (judged by an expert panel), (2) non-lifting residual/recurrent adenomatous tissue after previous polypectomy or (3) an undetermined resection margin after endoscopic removal of a low-risk pathological T1 (pT1) colon carcinoma. Thirty-day morbidity, technical success rate and radicality were evaluated.

Results:
Of the 118 patients included (56% male, mean age 66 years, standard deviation ± 8 years), 66 (56%) had complex lesions unsuitable for endoscopic removal, 34 (29%) had non-lifting residual/recurrent adenoma after previous polypectomy and 18 (15%) had uncertain resection margins after polypectomy of a pT1 colon carcinoma. CAL-WR was technically successful in 93% and R0 resection was achieved in 91% of patients. Minor complications (Clavien-Dindo i-ii) were noted in 7 patients (6%) and an additional oncologic segmental resection was performed in 12 cases (11%). Residual tissue at the scar was observed in 5% of patients during endoscopic follow-up.

Conclusions:
CAL-WR is an effective, organ-preserving approach that results in minor complications and circumvents the need for major surgery. CAL-WR, therefore, deserves consideration when endoscopic excision of circumscribed lesions is impossible or incomplete.
Favorable Outcomes After Retro-Rectus (Rives-Stoppa) Mesh Repair as Treatment for Noncomplex Ventral Abdominal Wall Hernia, a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hartog Floris P. J. den , Sneiders Dimitri , Darwish Es F. , Yurtkap Yağmur , Menon Anand G. , Muysoms Filip E. , Kleinrensink Gert-Jan , Bouvy Nicole D. , Jeekel Johannes , Lange Johan F. 
Published: February 2022

Objective:
To assess prevalence of hernia recurrence, surgical site infection (SSI), seroma, serious complications, and mortality after retro-rectus repair.

Summary Background Data:
Ventral abdominal wall hernia is a common problem, tied to increasing frailty and obesity of patients undergoing surgery. For noncomplex ventral hernia, retro-rectus (Rives-Stoppa) repair is considered the gold standard treatment. Level-1 evidence confirming this presumed superiority is lacking.

Methods:
Five databases were searched for studies reporting on retro-rectus repair. Single-armed and comparative randomized and non-randomized studies were included. Outcomes were pooled with mixed-effects, inverse variance or random-effects models.

Results:
Ninety-three studies representing 12,440 patients undergoing retro-rectus repair were included. Pooled hernia recurrence was estimated at 3.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2%–4.2%, n = 11,049] after minimally 12months and 4.1%, (95%CI: 2.9%–5.5%, n = 3830) after minimally 24 months. Incidences of SSI and seroma were estimated at respectively 5.2% (95%CI: 4.2%–6.4%, n = 4891) and 5.5% (95%CI: 4.4%–6.8%, n = 3650). Retro-rectus repair was associated with lower recurrence rates compared to onlay repair [odds ratios (OR): 0.27, 95%CI: 0.15–0.51, P < 0.001] and equal recurrence rates compared to intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) repair (OR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.75–1.12, P = 0.400). Retro-rectus repair was associated with more SSI than IPOM repair (OR: 1.8, 95%CI: 1.03 –3.14, P = 0.038). Minimally invasive retro-rectus repair displayed low rates of recurrence (1.3%, 95%CI: 0.7%–2.3%, n = 849) and SSI (1.5%, 95%CI: 0.8%–2.8%, n = 982), albeit based on non-randomized studies.

Conclusions:
Retro-rectus (Rives-Stoppa) repair results in excellent outcomes, superior or similar to other techniques for all outcomes except SSI. The latter rarely occurred, yet less frequently after IPOM repair, which is usually performed by laparoscopy.
Genomic differentiation within East Asian Helicobacter pylori
Authors: You Yuanhai , Thorell Kaisa , He Lihua , Yahara Koji , Yamaoka Yoshio , Cha Jeong-Heon , Murakami Kazunari , Katsura Yukako ,   TEAMHp, Kobayashi Ichizo , Falush Daniel , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: February 2022

The East Asian region, including China, Japan and Korea, accounts for half of gastric cancer deaths. However, different areas have contrasting gastric cancer incidences and the population structure of

Helicobacter pylori

in this ethnically diverse region is yet unknown. We aimed to investigate genomic differences in

H. pylori

between these areas to identify sequence polymorphisms associated with increased cancer risk. We analysed 381

H

.

pylori

genomes collected from different areas of the three countries using phylogenetic and population genetic tools to characterize population differentiation. The functional consequences of SNPs with a highest fixation index (Fst) between subpopulations were examined by mapping amino acid changes on 3D protein structure, solved or modelled. Overall, 329/381 genomes belonged to the previously identified hspEAsia population indicating that import of bacteria from other regions of the world has been uncommon. Seven subregional clusters were found within hspEAsia, related to subpopulations with various ethnicities, geographies and gastric cancer risks. Subpopulation-specific amino acid changes were found in multidrug exporters (hefC), transporters (frpB-4), outer membrane proteins (hopI) and several genes involved in host interaction, such as a catalase site, involved in H2O2 entrance, and a flagellin site mimicking host glycosylation. Several of the top hits, including frpB-4, hefC, alpB/hopB and hofC, have been found to be differentiated within the Americas in previous studies, indicating that a handful of genes may be key to local geographic adaptation.

H. pylori

within East Asia are not homogeneous but have become differentiated geographically at multiple loci that might have facilitated adaptation to local conditions and hosts. This has important implications for further evaluation of these changes in relation to the varying gastric cancer incidence between geographical areas in this region.
Quantitative bias analysis in practice: Review of software for regression with unmeasured confounding
Authors: Kawabata E , Tilling K , Groenwold RHH , Hughes RA 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFailure to appropriately account for unmeasured confounding may lead to erroneous conclusions. Quantitative bias analysis (QBA) can be used to quantify the potential impact of unmeasured confounding or how much unmeasured confounding would be needed to change a study’s conclusions. Currently, QBA methods are not routinely implemented, partly due to a lack of knowledge about accessible software. We review the latest developments in QBA software between 2011 to 2021 and compare five different programs applicable when fitting a linear regression:treatSens, causalsens, sensemakr, EValue, andkonfound. We illustrate application of these programs to two datasets and provide code to assist analysts in future use of these software programs. Our review found 21 programs with most created post 2016. All are implementations of a deterministic QBA, and the majority are available in the free statistical software environment R. Many programs include features such as benchmarking and graphical displays of the QBA results to aid interpretation. Out of the five programs we compared,sensemakrperforms the most detailed QBA and includes a benchmarking feature for multiple unmeasured confounders. The diversity of QBA methods presents challenges to the widespread uptake of QBA among applied researchers. Provision of detailed QBA guidelines would be beneficial.
Spatial Point Process Model Predicts Survival in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bhat Prahlad , Hwang Michael , Jahedi Afrooz , Sircar Kanishka , Kannan Kasthuri 
Published: February 2022

AbstractAmong renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), clear cell RCCs (ccRCCs) is a highly aggressive class characterized by highly invasive clinical course and poor survival. The presence of a sarcomatoid component implicates an even poorer prognosis. Spatial measures can establish features that could be routinely used in clinical practice to stratify important RCC outcomes. Therefore, we tested the effectiveness of spatial features as predictors of survival differentiation in 58 Grade 2 ccRCCs. We developed a machine learning model using the acquired spatial features to predict survival in Grade 2 ccRCCs which we termed “SurvCal”. The receiver operating characteristic accuracy from the derived model was 0.812. Subsequent feature analysis identified the spatial model fitting intensity parameter Gamma and the pair correlation function as critical features in distinguishing the classes. In the light of the increasing digitization of pathology routines, our results demonstrate the importance of spatial point pattern features as determinants of ccRCC survival outcomes and phenotypes.
Complementary non-sputum diagnostic testing using oral swabs and urine LAM testing for TB in people with HIV
Authors: Shapiro Adrienne E. , Olson Alaina M. , Kidoguchi Lara , Niu Xin , Ngcobo Zinhle , Magcaba Zanele P. , Ngwane Mduduzi W. , Whitman Grant R. , Weigel Kris M. , Wood Rachel C. , Wilson Doug P.K. , Drain Paul K. , Cangelosi Gerard A. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractTesting for mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine is a practical but insensitive alternative to sputum testing to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) in people with HIV (PWH). We evaluated urine LAM testing conducted in parallel with tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in oral swabs. In a cohort of 131 South Africans (92% with HIV), combined urine LAM and oral swab testing was significantly more sensitive than either sample tested alone (57% vs. 35% and 39%, respectively), and 97% specific, compared to reference sputum testing (TB culture and Xpert Ultra). Complementary non-sputum sample testing increased sensitivity of TB diagnosis, without sacrificing specificity.
Antipsychotic Effects on Longitudinal Cognitive Functioning in First-Episode Psychosis: A randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Allott Kelly , Yuen Hok Pan , Baldwin Lara , O’Donoghue Brian , Fornito Alex , Chopra Sidhant , Nelson Barnaby , Graham Jessica , Kerr Melissa J. , Proffitt Tina , Ratheesh Aswin , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario , Harrigan Susy , Brown Ellie , Thompson Andrew D. , Pantelis Christos , Berk Michael , McGorry Patrick D. , Francey Shona M. , Wood Stephen J. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractObjectiveCognitive impairment occurs in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP), but antipsychotics confound interpretation of the longitudinal course of cognition. The primary aim was to disentangle the effects of illness from antipsychotics on cognition over the first 6-months of FEP treatment.MethodsRandomised, triple-blind placebo-controlled trial (Staged Treatment and Acceptability Guidelines in Early Psychosis; STAGES), where cognition was a secondary outcome. Antipsychotic-naïve FEP patients were allocated to receive risperidone/paliperidone (N=38) or placebo (N=40) in addition to intensive psychosocial therapy for 6-months. A healthy control group (N=42) was also recruited. A cognitive battery assessing attention, working memory, processing speed, verbal fluency, cognitive control and verbal paired-associate learning and memory was administered at baseline and 6-months. Twelve- and 24-month follow-up was also conducted.ResultsOver the 6-month trial period, cognitive performance remained stable (working memory, verbal fluency) or improved (attention, processing speed, cognitive control), with no group-by-time interaction evident. The exception was for verbal paired-associate learning and memory, where a significant group-by-time interaction was observed. The placebo and healthy control groups improved, and the medication group deteriorated on immediate paired-associate recall (p=0.039) and delayed cued recall (p=0.005); effect sizes were medium-to-large. Findings were similar when only trial completers were included in the analysis.ConclusionsRisperidone/paliperidone may cause progression of memory impairment in the early months of FEP. Replication is needed in confirmatory trials. The findings support the need for careful consideration of the risks and benefits of various antipsychotics and the importance of accounting for their cognitive effects in longitudinal research.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (http://www.anzctr.org.au/ ACTRN12607000608460).
A Human Skin Model for Assessing the Arboviral Infections
Authors: Esterly Allen T. , Lloyd Megan G. , Upadhyaya Prashant , Moffat Jennifer F. , Thangamani Saravanan 
Published: February 2022

AbstractArboviruses such as flaviviruses and alphaviruses cause a significant human healthcare burden on the global scale. Transmission of these viruses occurs during human blood feeding at the mosquito-skin interface. Not only do pathogen immune evasion strategies influence the initial infection and replication of pathogens delivered, but arthropod salivary factors also influence transmission foci. In-vitro cell cultures do not provide an adequate environment to study complex interactions between viral, mosquito, and host factors. To address this need for a whole tissue system, we describe a proof-of-concept model for arbovirus infection using adult human skin ex vivo with Zika virus (flavivirus) and Mayaro virus (alphavirus). Replication of these viruses in human skin was observed up to 4 days post-infection. Egressed viruses could be detected in the culture media as well. Antiviral and pro-inflammatory genes, including chemoattractant chemokines, were expressed in infected tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the presence of virus in the skin tissue at 4 days post-infection. This model will be useful to further investigate: 1) the immediate molecular mechanisms of arbovirus infection in human skin, and 2) the influence of arthropod salivary molecules during initial infection of arboviruses in a more physiologically relevant system.
A Ferroptosis-mediated regulation of the biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation system
Authors: Murari Anjaneyulu , Kay-Rhooms Shauna , Hossain Kaniz BF , Liu Tong , Li Hong , Goparaju Naga Sri , Osei Cindy , Owusu-Ansah Edward 
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACTSeveral subunits in the matrix domain of mitochondrial complex I (CI) have been posited to be redox sensors for CI; but how elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) impinge on CI assembly is unknown. We report that when the mitochondrial NADPH-generating enzyme – Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2 – is genetically disrupted, ROS levels are elevated and assembly of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) is impaired. Mechanistically, this begins with a ROS-mediated inhibition of biosynthesis of the matrix domain of CI, which progresses to a point where ferroptotic signals are induced, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response is activated and multiple OXPHOS complexes are impaired. Disruption of other enzymes that eliminate hydrogen peroxide, but not those that eliminate the superoxide radical, recapitulates the phenotype; implicating hydrogen peroxide as the signaling molecule involved. Thus, the redox status of the mitochondrion modulates the assembly of the matrix domain of CI and ultimately that of the entire OXPHOS.
Neural Dysregulation in Post-COVID Fatigue
Authors: Baker Anne M.E. , Maffitt Natalie J. , Del Vecchio Alessandro , McKeating Katherine M. , Baker Mark R. , Baker Stuart N. , Soteropoulos Demetris S. 
Published: February 2022

AbstractFollowing infection from SARS-CoV-2, a substantial minority of people develop lingering after-effects known as ‘long COVID’. Fatigue is a common complaint with substantial impact on daily life, but the neural mechanisms behind post-COVID fatigue remain unclear.We recruited 37 volunteers with self-reported fatigue after a mild COVID infection and carried out a battery of behavioural and neurophysiological tests assessing the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems.In comparison to age and sex matched volunteers without fatigue (n=52), we show underactivity in specific cortical circuits, dysregulation of autonomic function, and myopathic change in skeletal muscle. Cluster analysis revealed no sub-groupings, suggesting post-COVID fatigue is a single entity with individual variation, rather than a small number of distinct syndromes. Based on our analysis we were also able to exclude dysregulation in sensory feedback circuits and descending neuromodulatory control.These abnormalities on objective tests may indicate novel avenues for principled therapeutic intervention, and could act as fast and reliable biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of fatigue over time.