bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value and limitations of Machine Learning in high-frequency nutrient data for gap- filling, forecasting, and transport process interpretation
Authors: Barcala Victoria , Rozemeijer Joachim , Ouwerkerk Kevin , Gerner Laurens , Osté Leonard 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
High-frequency monitoring of water quality in catchments brings along the challenge of post-processing large amounts of data. Moreover, monitoring stations are often remote and technical issues resulting in data gaps are common. Machine Learning algorithms can be applied to fill these gaps, and to a certain extent, for predictions and interpretation. The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate six different Machine Learning models for gap-filling in a high-frequency nitrate and total-phosphorus concentration time series, (2) to showcase the potential added value (and limitations) of Machine Learning to interpret underlying processes, and (3) to study the limits of Machine Learning algorithms for predictions outside the training period. We used a four-year high-frequency dataset from a ditch draining one intensive dairy farm in the east of The Netherlands. Continuous time series of precipitation, evaporation, groundwater levels, discharge, turbidity, and nitrate or total-phosphorus were used as predictors for total-phosphorus and nitrate concentrations respectively. Our results showed that the Random Forest algorithm had the best performance to fill in data-gaps, with R2 higher than 0.92 and short computation times. The feature importance helped understanding the changes in transport processes linked to water conservation measures and rain variability. Applying the Machine Learning model outside the training period resulted in a low performance, largely due to system changes (manure surplus and water conservation) which were not included as predictors. This study offers a valuable and novel example of how to use and interpret Machine Learning models for post-processing high-frequency water quality data.
CMSFL-Net: Consecutive Multi-scale Feature Learning-based Image Classification Model
Authors: Olimov Bekhzod , Subramanian Barathi , Ugli Rakhmonov Akhrorjon Akhmadjon , Kim Jea-Soo , Kim Jeonghong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Extracting useful features at multiple scales is one of the most crucial tasks in computer vision. Emergence of deep learning(DL) techniques and progress of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) allow powerful multi-scale feature extraction that result in stable performance increase in numerous real-life applications. However, currently available state-of-the-art powerful methods primarily rely on parallel multi-scale feature extraction approach and despite providing competitive accuracy, the models lead to poor results in efficient computation and lack at generalizing on small-scale images. On the other hand, efficient and lightweight networks cannot learn useful features properly and result in underfitting problem in case of training with small-scale images or datasets with limited number of samples. Considering these problems, we proposed a novel image classification system based on elaborate data pre-processing step and carefully designed CNN model architecture. Specifically, consecutive multiscale feature learning network (CMSFL-Net) employs consecutive feature learning approach based on usage of various feature maps with different receptive fields to obtain faster training/inference and higher accuracy. In the conducted experiments using 6 real-life image classification datasets, including small-scale, large-scale, and limited data, the proposed system obtained comparable accuracy when compared with the existing state-of-the-art powerful and efficient networks by outperforming them in terms of efficiency and speed. Moreover, the proposed system achieved the best results in accuracy-efficiency tradeoff in comparison with the currently available models.
Prevalence, Factors Associated and Knowledge of Dementia in a Sample of Older Ugandans
Authors: Awuol Machuor Daniel Arok , Innocent Besigye K. , Winfred Ayenyo 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Introduction:Dementia is on the rise due to increasing proportion of old people in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Although dementia is misattributed to normal ageing or supernatural causes in SSA, it is a brain disease with well-established etiologies. Limited knowledge and understanding of dementia means that many older people are suffering without seeking help and are undiagnosed and untreated. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with dementia and to describe the knowledge of the disease among older adults attending ROTOM Health Center-Mukono, Central Uganda.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using quantitative methods. A total of 267 older adults attending ROTOM health center-Mukono were interviewed between 1 April to 15 May 2022. Using interviewer administered Early Dementia Questionnaire (EDQ) and Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS), data was collected, entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analysed using SPSS version 12.0. Bivariate and multivariable analyses using logistic regression were done.
Results: Dementia was 46.2% in the sample. The most common symptoms of dementia in the order of their severity were memory symptoms, 6.1% (n =16); physical symptoms, 1.9% (n = 5); and concentration symptoms, 1.1% (n = 3). Bivariate analysis showed that dementia was significantly associated with age >85 years (prevalence ratio, PR=2.42, p < .001), being married (PR=0.70, p < .026), secondary/tertiary level of education (PR=0.54, p < .004), occasional/non-believer (PR=1.85, p < .001), smoker/ex-smoker (PR=1.46, p < .013), occasional/no exercise (PR=3.28, p < .001) and hypertension (PR=0.70, p < .019). The final degree of association as determined by adjusted PR in the multivariable model revealed that only older age (aPR=1.88, p < .001) and occasional/non-believer (aPR=1.61, p =.001) remained significantly related to dementia. The study also found that 8.0% of the participants had optimal knowledge of dementia.
Conclusion: There is high burden of dementia among older persons attending ROTOM health center-Mukono. Factors associated with dementia are older age and being an occasional/non-believer. Knowledge of dementia among older adults is low. There is need to promote integrated early dementia screening, care and educational program in primary care to reduce the disease burden. Spiritual support would be a rewarding investment in the lives of the ageing population.
Beat to Beat Continuous Blood Pressure Estimation using Transmission Coefficient of On-body Antennas
Authors: ElAbbasi Mona K. , Madi Mervat , Kabalan Karim , Jelinek Herbert 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Background-Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a clear sign of hypertension, a condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Regular blood pressure monitoring is therefore crucial, but many cuff-based devices and their usage are restricted to monitoring while at rest.
Method-This paper reports on the use of pair of microstrip patch antenna technology to obtain BP values through an innovative technique using the electromagnetic transmission coefficient waveforms. The change of transmission coefficient of EM waveforms emitted by the pair of antennas was analyzed and correlated with brachial artery thickness to radius ratios and hence, blood pressure assessment at different blood pressure points ranging from 60-140 mmHg. The latter is based on simulations and data algorithms performed at brachial artery diameters of 4.32, 4.33, 4.33, 4.56, 4.53 mm, to mimic the changing brachial artery diameter associated with a pulsatile blood flow.
Result and Conclusion-In conclusion, the largest brachial artery thickness to radius of 0.9 is associated with a high blood pressure of 140-160 mmHg while normal blood pressure levels are referred to radius to thickness ratios of 0.5 and 0.6. Thus, the use of the transmission coefficient has shown a high accuracy for determining BP from the micro-patch antennas, which provides a novel option for continuous real-time, in the wild BP assessment and therefore more accurate information for the clinician.
Mechanotransduction is the Janus-faced regulator of cell aging
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Liao Li , Wang Peng , Ye Yuanxin , Dong Xiangyu , Xing Xiaotao , Li Zhonghan , Wei Qiang , Tian Weidong 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Aging is inevitable during development, and we still lack methods to rejuvenate it due to the poor understanding. A wealth of studies focused on the biochemical signaling pathways for inducing cell senescence, whereas the role of mechanotransduction during the process had been ignored. Here, we clarified how cell mechanosensing was involved and played functional roles in cellular senescence. The intracellular traction force and mechanotransduction could reduce in response to mesenchymal stem/stromal cell aging. Compensating the cell traction force via physical or chemical stimulation seems an attractive strategy for temporarily reversing aging markers, however, mechanical overstimulation triggers accelerated cellular senescence shortly afterwards. We further clarified that DNA damage results in the reduction of cellular mechanotransduction, which is a self-protective mechanism as it endows cells with resistance to further DNA damage, although it inhibits cell proliferation and many other functions. Taken together, we have disclosed the interplay between DNA damage, cellular mechanics, and senescence, confirming the two-side effects of the mechanical cues in the aging process.
Risk factors associated with acute kidney injury in a pediatric intensive care unit in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Case control study
Authors: Keneni Mulualem , Murugan Rajalakshmi , Bizuwork Ketema , Asfaw Tesfaye , Tekle Sosina , Tolosa Gadisa , Desalew Assefa 
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious problem in critically ill children. It is associated with poor treatment outcomes and a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Globally, one in three critically ill admitted children suffer from acute kidney injury. However, limited data are available in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia, highlighting the risk factors related to acute kidney injury. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with acute kidney injury among critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit at the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: A facility-based unmatched case-control study was carried out on 253 (85 cases and 168 controls) children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit from January 2011 to December 2021. Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique for the control group and all cases consecutively. Data were collected using a structured checklist. Data were entered using Epi data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Multivariate analysis was carried out using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) to identify associated factors with acute kidney injury. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results: The median age of the participants was two years. About 55.6 % of cases and 53.1% of controls were females. The diagnosis of hypertension (AOR= 5.36; 95% CI: 2.06- 13.93)], shock (AOR=3.88, 95% CI: 1.85- 8.12), exposure to nephrotoxic drugs (AOR=4.09; 95% CI: 1. 45- 11.59), sepsis or infection AOR=3.36; 95% CI: 1.42-7.99), nephritic syndrome (AOR=2.97; 95% CI :1.19, 7.43), and mechanical ventilation AOR=2.25, 95% CI: 1.12, 4.51) were significantly associated with acute kidney injury.
Conclusion: In this study, the diagnosis of sepsis or infection, hypertension, shock, nephrotoxic drugs, demand for mechanical ventilation support, and nephritic syndrome increased the risk of AKI among critically ill children. Multiple risk factors for AKI are associated with illness and its severity. All measures that ensure adequate renal perfusion must be taken in children with identified risk factors to avoid the development of AKI.
Aging and maternal dietary dietary deficiencies during pregnancy and lactation change cerebral and peripheral blood flow in adult female mice offspring following ischemic stroke to the sensorimotor cortex
Authors: Pull Kasey , Folk Robert , Kang Jeemin , Jackson Shaley , Gusek Brikena , Esfandiarei Mitra , Jadavji Nafisa M. 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
A maternal diet that provides adequate nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is vital to the neurodevelopment of offspring. One-carbon metabolism plays an important role in the closure of the neural tube of the developing embryo; however, the impact of maternal one-carbon dietary deficiencies on offspring neurological function later in life remains relatively unknown. Stroke is one of the leading causes of death globally, and its prevalence is expected to increase in younger age groups as the incidence of various risk factors for stroke increases (e.g., hypertension). The aim of our study was to determine the impact of maternal nutritional deficiencies on cerebral blood flow and peripheral hemodynamics after ischemic stroke in adult offspring. In this study, adult female C57BL/6J mice were placed on either control (CD), choline (ChDD) or folic acid (FADD) deficient diets for four weeks to deplete stores prior to mating and maintained on the assigned diet during pregnancy and lactation. Female offspring were weaned and transitioned to a CD for the duration of the study. Ischemic stroke was induced in the sensorimotor cortex of 2- and 10-month-old female offspring using the photothrombosis model. Six weeks after induction of stroke, cerebral and peripheral blood flow was measured using the Vevo2100 Pulse Wave Doppler tracing modality. Our data showed that 3.5-month-old female offspring from a ChDD mothers had reduced blood flow in the posterior cerebral artery compared to CD mice; this effect disappeared in older offspring. In 11.5-month-old females we observed changes in peripheral hemodynamics, but not in young animals. Our findings suggest that a maternal dietary deficiency in choline results in reduced cerebral blood flow in adult female offspring after ischemic stroke, but the long-term effects are not present. This result points to the key role of the maternal diet in early life neuro-programming, while emphasizing its effects on both fetal development and long-term cerebrovascular health.
The protective effect of a short peptide derived from cold-inducible RNA-binding protein in a rat model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation
Authors: Gao Yu , Liu Haoxin , Zhou Jiejie , Guo Min , Sun Jie , Duan Man-lin 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Systemic inflammation act as a contributor to neurologic deficits after cardiac arrest (CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) has been demonstrated to be responsible in part for the inflammation through binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) after cerebral ischemia. The short peptide C23 derived from CIRP has a high affinity for TLR4, which can inhibit the downstream inflammatory response. We hypothesize that C23 reduces systemic inflammation after CA/CPR by blocking the binding of CIRP to TLR4. Adult male SD rats in experimental groups were subjected to 5 minutes of cardiac arrest followed by resuscitation. C23 peptide (8 mg/kg) or normal saline was injected intraperitoneally at the beginning of the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The expressions of CIRP, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β in serum and brain tissues were significantly increased at 24h after ROSC (P < 0.05). C23 treatment could markedly decrease the expressions of TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β in serum (P < 0.05). Besides, C23 can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and play an anti-inflammatory role in brain tissues. It can decrease the expressions of TLR4, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β in the cortex and hippocampus and inhibit the colocalization of CIRP and TLR4 (P < 0.05). In addition, C23 treatment can reduce the apoptosis of hippocampus neurons(P < 0.05). Finally, the rats in the C23 group have improved survival rate and neurological prognosis (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that C23 can reduce systemic inflammation and it has the potential to be developed into a possible therapy for post-cardiac arrest syndrome.
Prevalence, components and consequences of moral injury: preliminary validation of a new brief measure
Authors: LeClaire Michele , Poplau Sara , Freese Rebecca L. , Porta Carolyn M. , Sullivan Erin E. , Linzer Mark 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study was to design and use a parsimonious survey tool to use in real time to assess moral injury and describe how moral injury relates to burnout and intent to leave the job. The Moral Injury Quotient (MIQ) is derived from this 6-item tool.
Findings
The MIQ metric has good performance characteristics and captures a substantiative portion of moral injury. It is related to clinically meaningful changes; each 10-point increase in the MIQ was associated with 125% increased odds of burnout (p < 0.001) and 50% increased odds of intending to leave the job (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Measuring and addressing moral injury has major workforce implications. This metric is an “off the shelf” tool that may be helpful in busy clinical settings to assess, implement improvements, and reassess for reductions in moral injury.
Design Optimisation of Optical Planar Waveguide Sensor for Microplastics Detection in Water
Authors: Hanafi Ahmad Izzat Mohd , Razali Nazirah Mohd , Idrus Sevia Mahdaliza , Saris Nur Najahatul Huda 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Nowadays, microplastics pollution has become a global concern as it endangers the ecology and marine animals and causes health threats to human beings. This paper demonstrated a simulation of an optical planar waveguide sensor design for microplastics detection in water via Wave Optics Module-COMSOL Multiphysics®. The design optimisation of the sensor was conducted by changing the cladding thickness ranging from 0 to 5 µm. The change in analyte refractive index ranging from 1.480 to 1.500 refractive index unit (RIU) in reference to the microplastics’ refractive index has been performed to evaluate the simulated sensing performance. The simulation results showed that reducing the cladding thickness can vastly improve the sensor sensitivity. The sensor showed the highest sensitivity in the absence of cladding layer i.e.; the cladding thickness of 0 µm with 107 difference in the order of magnitude of sensitivity compared to that of 5-µm thickness. Thus, the optimised sensor design with 0 µm cladding thickness assures an excellent sensor for microplastics detection in water.
Trends in Morbidities of Late Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lockyear Chelsea , Coe Kristi , Greenberg Rachel , Clark Reese , Aleem Samia 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Objective

To characterize demographics and trends in length of stay (LOS), morbidities, and mortality in late preterm infants.

Study design

Cohort study of infants born between 34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks gestation between 1999 and 2018 without major congenital anomalies at Pediatrix Medical Group neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Results

307 967 infants from 410 NICUs met inclusion criteria. The median (25th -75th percentile) LOS was 11 (8–16) days in the entire period. Postmenstrual age (PMA) at discharge increased over time for all gestational ages (p < 0.001). There was a decrease in invasive ventilation, receipt of phototherapy, and reflux medications observed (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

In this large cohort, late preterm infants had an increased PMA at discharge and no significant improvement in LOS during the study period. Multiple practice changes were observed. There continue to be opportunities to improve morbidities among late preterm infants and to potentially decrease hospital stays.
Inhibition of the lncRNA 585189 prevents podocyte injury and mitochondria dysfunction by promoting hnRNP A1 and SIRT1 in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Chen Huimin , Liu Yue , Zhang Tingwei , Huang Tongtong , Lang Yating , Sheng Qinghao , Liu Yingxiao , Kong Zhijuan , Gao Ying , Lu Shangwei , Yang Meilin , Li Xia , Luan Yaqi , Lv Zhimei 
Published: November 2022

Abstract
Podocyte damage is a crucial cause for diabetic nephropathy and end-stage renal disease. Moreover, mitochondria play an indispensable role in diabetic nephropathy and high glucose-associated podocyte damage. Through RNA sequencing, we firstly discovered that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ENST00000585189.1 (lncRNA 585189), was up-regulated in the plasma of patients diagnosed with DN, accompanied with higher albumin/creatinine ratios. Additionally, RNA-FISH in the tissues and immortalized human podocytes identified that the variation of lncRNA 585189 was mainly located in podocytes. In podocytes under the high glucose condition, we found that the silence of lncRNA 585189 expression not only decreased the production of ROS, rescued mitochondrial morphology and the alteration of the mitochondrial membrane potential, but also restored the podocyte damage, reversing the aberrant expression of ZO-1 and Desmin. Through bioinformatics analysis, lncRNA 585189 was predicted to combined with hnRNP A1 at the nt224 motif, which was demonstrated by RIP, pull-down and EMSA. Meanwhile, under high glucose condition, declined hnRNP A1 can be rescued by repressing lncRNA 585189. With the treatment of cloheximide (CHX) and MG-132, we also verified that lncRNA 585189 depressed the stability of hnRNPA1. Intriguingly, hnRNP A1 oppositely promoted the expression of lncRNA 585189. Moreover, RIP, pull-down, co-IP and actinomycin D (ActD) verified that hnRNP A1 simultaneously bound with the mRNA and protein of SIRT1 and promote the stability of SIRT1. Besides, lncRNA 585189 repressed SIRT1 via hnRNPA1, impeding SIRT1 recuperating mitochondrial abnormity and podocyte damage induced by high glucose. Collectively, our findings revealed that lncRNA 585189 combined with hnRNPA1 at nt224 and depressed the expression of hnRNP A1 and subsequently decreased SIRT1 in transcriptional and translational level, leading to mitochondria dysfunction and podocyte injury in DN.