bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Predictors of Food Insecurity Among Stroke Survivors in the United States
Authors: Kim-Tenser May A. , Ovbiagele Bruce , Markovic Daniela , Towfighi Amytis 
Published: July 2022

Background:
Food insecurity (FI)—lack of consistent access to food due to poor financial resources—limits the ability to eat a healthy diet, which is essential for secondary stroke prevention. Yet, little is known about FI in stroke survivors.

Methods:
Using data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2015, we analyzed the prevalence, predictors, and temporal trends in FI among adults with and without self-reported prior stroke in this cross-sectional study. Age-standardized prevalence estimates were computed by self-reported history of stroke over survey waves. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants who had a prior stroke to identify independent predictors of FI by self-reported history of stroke.

Results:

Among 48 242 adults ≥20 years of age, 1877 self-reported history of stroke. FI was more prevalent among people with prior stroke (17%) versus those without prior stroke (12%;
P
<0.001). Prevalence of FI increased over time from 7.8% in 1999 to 42.1% in 2015 among stroke survivors and from 8% to 17% among individuals without prior stroke (
P
<0.001). The age-standardized prevalence of FI over the entire time was 24% among stroke survivors versus 11% among individuals without prior stroke (
P
<0.001). In the adjusted model, younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.96 [0.95–0.97];
P
<0.01), Hispanic ethnicity (aOR, 2.12 [1.36–3.31];
P
<0.01), lower education (aOR, 1.67 [1.17–2.38];
P
<0.01), nonmarried status (aOR, 1.49 [1.01–2.19];
P
=0.04), and poverty income ratio <130% (aOR, 3.78 [2.55–5.59];
P
<0.01) were associated with FI in those with prior stroke.

Conclusions:
One in 3 stroke survivors reported FI in 2015, nearly double the prevalence in those without stroke. Addressing the fundamental drivers of FI and targeting vulnerable demographic groups may have a profound influence on stroke prevalence.
A Dynamic Neural Field Model of Multimodal Merging: Application to the Ventriloquist Effect
Authors: Forest Simon , Quinton Jean-Charles , Lefort Mathieu 
Published: July 2022

AbstractMultimodal merging encompasses the ability to localize stimuli based on imprecise information sampled through individual senses such as sight and hearing. Merging decisions are standardly described using Bayesian models that fit behaviors over many trials, encapsulated in a probability distribution. We introduce a novel computational model based on dynamic neural fields able to simulate decision dynamics and generate localization decisions, trial by trial, adapting to varying degrees of discrepancy between audio and visual stimulations. Neural fields are commonly used to model neural processes at a mesoscopic scale—for instance, neurophysiological activity in the superior colliculus. Our model is fit to human psychophysical data of the ventriloquist effect, additionally testing the influence of retinotopic projection onto the superior colliculus and providing a quantitative performance comparison to the Bayesian reference model. While models perform equally on average, a qualitative analysis of free parameters in our model allows insights into the dynamics of the decision and the individual variations in perception caused by noise. We finally show that the increase in the number of free parameters does not result in overfitting and that the parameter space may be either reduced to fit specific criteria or exploited to perform well on more demanding tasks in the future. Indeed, beyond decision or localization tasks, our model opens the door to the simulation of behavioral dynamics, as well as saccade generation driven by multimodal stimulation.
Invariance, Encodings, and Generalization: Learning Identity Effects With Neural Networks
Authors: Brugiapaglia S. , Liu M. , Tupper P. 
Published: July 2022

AbstractOften in language and other areas of cognition, whether two components of an object are identical or not determines if it is well formed. We call such constraints identity effects. When developing a system to learn well-formedness from examples, it is easy enough to build in an identity effect. But can identity effects be learned from the data without explicit guidance? We provide a framework in which we can rigorously prove that algorithms satisfying simple criteria cannot make the correct inference. We then show that a broad class of learning algorithms, including deep feedforward neural networks trained via gradient-based algorithms (such as stochastic gradient descent or the Adam method), satisfies our criteria, dependent on the encoding of inputs. In some broader circumstances, we are able to provide adversarial examples that the network necessarily classifies incorrectly. Finally, we demonstrate our theory with computational experiments in which we explore the effect of different input encodings on the ability of algorithms to generalize to novel inputs. This allows us to show similar effects to those predicted by theory for more realistic methods that violate some of the conditions of our theoretical results.
Differential Geometry Methods for Constructing Manifold-Targeted Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Claudi Federico , Branco Tiago 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Neural computations can be framed as dynamical processes, whereby the structure of the dynamics within a neural network is a direct reflection of the computations that the network performs. A key step in generating mechanistic interpretations within this computation through dynamics framework is to establish the link among network connectivity, dynamics, and computation. This link is only partly understood. Recent work has focused on producing algorithms for engineering artificial recurrent neural networks (RNN) with dynamics targeted to a specific goal manifold. Some of these algorithms require only a set of vectors tangent to the target manifold to be computed and thus provide a general method that can be applied to a diverse set of problems. Nevertheless, computing such vectors for an arbitrary manifold in a high-dimensional state space remains highly challenging, which in practice limits the applicability of this approach. Here we demonstrate how topology and differential geometry can be leveraged to simplify this task by first computing tangent vectors on a low-dimensional topological manifold and then embedding these in state space. The simplicity of this procedure greatly facilitates the creation of manifold-targeted RNNs, as well as the process of designing task-solving, on-manifold dynamics. This new method should enable the application of network engineering–based approaches to a wide set of problems in neuroscience and machine learning. Our description of how fundamental concepts from differential geometry can be mapped onto different aspects of neural dynamics is a further demonstration of how the language of differential geometry can enrich the conceptual framework for describing neural dynamics and computation.
Spring Colors in the Han Palace: A Late Qing Reappraisal of the Life of Empress Zhang (202-163 BCE)
Authors: Milburn Olivia 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
At the very end of the Qing dynasty, Xue Fucheng (1838-1894) and his circle produced a series of writings about empresses and imperial consorts of previous dynasties, in which they constructed a sympathetic discourse about elite women who had suffered exploitation and abuse. This paper analyzes a single text, Spring Colors in the Han Palace (Hangong chunse), and argues that this collection of short stories was written to explore new perspectives on the life of Empress Zhang (202-163 BCE) and reconfigure her as a symbol of patriarchal oppression. The empress is described as a paragon of virtue, who has fully internalized traditional Confucian models of how a woman should behave; a process which has left her so mentally and emotionally crippled that she is unable to deal with the challenges she faces during her lifetime. In these tales, Empress Zhang’s biography is reappraised in the light of late Qing progressive discourses about social norms, as well as tackling such controversial issues as women’s chastity and footbinding.
Open water grouping behaviour in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) of the Salish Sea
Authors: Elliser Cindy R. , Anderson David , Derie Trevor , MacIver Katrina , Shuster Laurie 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) commonly form larger congregations at haul out locations during times of rest and pupping season, but are generally thought to be solitary at sea. Occasionally larger clusters of individuals may be observed swimming near haul out sites, forced bottlenecking channels or mouths of rivers with concentrated prey and restricted space. Recently, isolated occurrences of mass gatherings of harbour seals have been observed in the Salish Sea that were distanced from haul out sites (over 1 km away) or forced bottlenecking regions. In April-June (but primarily May) 2019–2021 juvenile and adult harbour seals in Burrows Pass (Anacortes, WA, USA) were observed in large groups () ranging in size from 6–50 individuals () within 1-2 body lengths of each other and periodically diving down seemingly hunting and chasing prey. These groupings primarily occurred during flood and slack high tides. Based on the surface level activity observed, habitat type, the frequency of individuals using the area for foraging year round and the tidal preferences during the occurrences, it is likely these are foraging events. Similar large groups have been documented () in the South Puget Sound and Central Puget Sound, first observed in 2016 and officially documented in February of 2017. These groupings (from 20–30 to 150+) occurred year round and at varied tidal states. While some sightings were obviously foraging behaviour, others appeared to be resting, traveling or socializing. Open water behaviour of harbour seals is not well documented, and a literature review found no other published accounts of large in-water groupings. Investigation of ecological relationships (like prey spawning, prey abundance, or other environmental correlates) and observation of underwater harbour seal behaviour will aid in determining the reason for this seemingly novel behaviour.
Handloom and Powerloom Industries in Odisha: A Historical Analysis
Authors: Prusty Jnana Ranjan , Mallick Sambit 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The handloom industry in India is an ancient cottage industry with a decentralized setup that provides jobs to about 35 million people. Handloom established its reputation in the global market long before the industrial revolution. Today, India’s handloom and spinning wheel produces the largest variation of designs. It continued to flourish despite the oppression of the British Government. In India the powerloom sector is the dominant player in the weaving process. It contributes more than 60 percent of the total textile production. The powerloom units are meeting the textile products required for the domestic market as well as for the export of the same. Against this backdrop this article dwells upon the history of the handloom and powerloom industry in India in general, and Odisha in particular. This article is based on only secondary data.
Democratic Regime in Myanmar and the Rights of the Rohingya Community
Authors: Mohajon Arpita , Uddin Kamal 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The right of ethnic minorities, particularly those of the Rohingyas, have been continually and repeatedly denied in Myanmar. When Aung San Suu Kyi’s party came into power, the right of various ethnic groups, especially the rights of Rohingyas during Suu Kyi’s regime were violated. Unfortunately, the conditions for the Rohingya have continued to worsen. The findings of this research show that the human rights of Rohingya in Myanmar were challenged during Aung San Suu Kyi’s so-called democratic regime via ethnic cleansing owing to the absence of real democratic norms, unequal treatment, and state-sponsored violations of human rights against the Rohingya community. The key reasons behind the failure to ensure the rights of the ethnic Muslim minority include militarism in the democratic structure, a lack of democratic institutions, international politics and the interest of powerful countries, a lack of democratic culture, and an aggressive attitude towards the Rohingya. Finally, the paper proposes some policy implications.
Shadows in Medieval Optics, Practical Geometry, and Astronomy: On a Perspectiva Ascribed to Thomas Bradwardine
Authors: Lička Lukáš 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In examining the roles of the shadow (umbra) in medieval science, this paper analyses a hitherto unstudied early fourteenth-century optical treatise with the incipit Perspectiva cum sit una (PCSU), which, on the basis of medieval evidence, may arguably be attributed to Thomas Bradwardine. The third part of this treatise, on shadows, presents the doctrine of three shadow shapes – a doctrine which was popular in pre-modern optics and astronomy and was important in explaining eclipses – as well as the theory of umbra recta and versa, parallels of (co)tangent functions, which were essential for (instrumental) measurements. While the bulk of the treatise draws on John Peckham’s Perspectiva communis, an extensive analysis of medieval canons to astronomical tables, manuals of practical geometry and texts on instruments leads us to Campanus of Novara’s Practica quadrantis as the chief source of the last chapter of PCSU. Finally, the paper reflects on whether the light-centred conception of optics embodied in the PCSU may echo an alternative current to the otherwise predominantly sight-centred approach in pre-modern optics.
The Christian-Ecumenical Imagination of Avery Dulles, S.J.
Authors: Orji Cyril 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This paper puts the spotlight on the seminal contribution of Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J., (1918–2008) on Church reform. When many post-Conciliar theologians were caught in the binary poles of fidelity to tradition or innovation, Dulles embraced a creative middle ground of both-and, devoting much of his writings to the corporate reform of the Church as an institution. In honouring his legacy, this paper shows how contemporary church reform programmes can avoid the dangers of confrontation or polemics by finding an equilibrium between fidelity to tradition and commitment to innovation, in the way that Dulles did.
Failing Forward
Authors: Habibi Roojin , Hodgson Timothy Fish , Hoffman Steven J. 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Despite the pandemic’s widespread and transnational impact on human rights, both solidarity and human rights have been side-lined in key intergovernmental discussions on global health law reform to date, while conversations about the development of international human rights law seldom consider global health law’s import to the field. This article argues that in spite of states’ apparent reluctance to reconcile and harmonise global health law and international human rights law for fairer and more effective public health emergency preparedness and response, international law experts and practitioners are well-placed to indirectly influence normative development in this direction, drawing on their past successes in clarifying and elaborating upon informal international legal standards. Merging strengths from existing legal frameworks of global health law and international human rights law, such expert standard setting efforts can help reimagine a “progressively harmonised” framework of legal regimes for public health emergency preparedness and response.
Envy and Culture – An Interdisciplinary Perspective
Authors: Bierstedt Annemarie , Stodulka Thomas 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Research on envy across cultures is scarce. Existing studies are predominantly limited to Eurocentric experimental snapshots. As a careful suggestion to diversify methods, samples and theory in envy-related studies, this essay presents a review and an interdisciplinary methodological suggestion to analyse semi-structured interviews of persons with diverse socialisation backgrounds. The essay illustrates that the triggers and objects of envy, its experience, associated expressions and actions, are shaped by socialised emotion norms and feeling rules, emotion socialisation practices, cultural values and social change. The essay concludes that careful qualitative comparisons between different culture socialisation groups in real-life situations and lifeworlds are remarkably absent from interdisciplinary research. This is an epistemological void, considering the significant contributions of ethnography in emotion research.
‘Home Feeling in the Heart’: Domestic Feeling and Institutional Space in the American Progressive Era
Authors: Fama Katherine 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Writing on either side of the emotional watershed of the 1920s, Jane Addams and Anzia Yezierska documented and fictionalised the domestic institutional spaces of the American Progressive Era, from settlements to charity homes. Writing from the perspectives of settlement administrator and immigrant resident, each found emotions central to the era’s crossing of domestic and public spheres, professionalisation of charity and social work, and encounters between middle-class and labouring-immigrant cultures. Their writings portrayed the institutional home as host to the conflicting expressions of middle-class workers and immigrant occupants, a crucible of emotional cultures. Each argued for the importance of emotional encounters and empathy in institutional domestic space, writing back to the dominant professional constraints on women’s emotional expression in the era. Addams and Yezierska advocated for emotional knowledge and drive, challenging the exile of emotional logic and language from women’s emerging public roles. The value and expression of public emotions – as Yezierska’s fictions suggest – proved possible unevenly, along lines of institutional power.
‘The Effect of London’: Urban Atmospheres and Alice Meynell’s London Impressions
Authors: Talu Cigdem 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This essay examines urban atmospheres and emotions in the 1898 essay collection London Impressions by British writer, poet and suffragist Alice Meynell. I argue atmospheres are spatialised emotions and investigate the atmospheric dimension of Meynell’s text and her impressions, through a vocabulary of immersion and movement. Within her own manipulation of a ‘visual’ vocabulary, Meynell transforms impressions into atmospheres, the visual into sensorial, moving from the painterly to atmospheric experience, notably through the medium of fog and smoke and other climate indicators. I argue urban atmospheres are the main feature the text brings forth (even through – and perhaps especially because of – the filter of the written word). By probing the application of the history of emotions’ methodologies within architectural and urban history, I argue the concept of ‘atmosphere’ is a productive analytical category to examine visual and textual sources.
Angels, Virgins, Demons, Whores: Moving Towards an Antiracist Praxis by Confronting Modern Investment Law Scholarship
Authors: Van Ho Tara 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Racism is not a natural phenomenon. Historically, it was socialised into global existence through intentional acts that have become embedded parts of the international legal order and domestic social systems. Rejecting racism and developing alternative antiracist approaches similarly require intentionality. One area of concern for scholars is how our linguistic and framing choices perpetuate or reproduce racialised hierarchies. In this article, I employ I. Bennett Capers’s ‘Reading Black’ methodology to interrogate racialised narratives embedded in four contributions to modern international investment law debates. The purpose is not to condemn the individual authors but to identify how the socialisation and structures of racism continue to affect our scholarship. Premised on the belief that countering implicit, racialised biases is a normative good, I examine how it can also facilitate better scholarship. I offer suggestions that researchers and journals can take, individually and collectively, to develop antiracist praxes.
Incoming: How International Investment Law Constrains Foreign Investment Screening
Authors: Voon Tania , Merriman Dean 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Domestic screening of foreign investment, often on national security grounds, has intensified in recent years. More countries are introducing such regimes, while others expand their scope or allow retrospective screening. These developments increase the potential for investor–State claims under international investment agreements, even sometimes regarding investments that are not yet established. Host States need to be aware of the potential for adverse screening decisions, the imposition of conditions, or due process shortcomings to conflict with investment obligations, such as fair and equitable treatment or most-favoured nation treatment. Although tools exist in some treaties to exclude or exempt investment screening, these may not prevent a successful investment claim. For example, listing a screening regime as a non-conforming measure may not cover all future amendments, and general and security exceptions are subject to considerable uncertainty. Host States need to ensure compliance with international investment law in creating and developing screening regimes.
Fair Game, Fair Play – The Advocacy of International Assistance for Developing Host States in Negotiating Investment Contracts
Authors: Wu Wendy Shidi , Tsang Vanessa 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
The obsolescing bargaining model suggests that the bargaining power involving large-scale investment projects eventually shifts from investors to host States, especially in extractives and infrastructure sectors. However, investor-State dispute settlement has become a potent mechanism for investors to claim remedies after a breach of contract, making it costly for host States to deviate from contractual terms. Hence, it is crucial to get investment contracts right at the negotiation stage. Yet, under-resourced developing countries often arrive at suboptimal contracts, due to a lack of clear objectives and a consistent strategy, multidisciplinary expertise, and access to information. Some institutional solutions are available, ranging from indirect to direct negotiation assistance. While helpful, indirect assistance is inadequate to meet the needs of developing countries. In comparison, direct negotiation assistance provided by organizations, such as African Legal Support Facility, International Senior Lawyers Project, and CONNEX, is more immediate and effective, and in the long-term interest of both host States and investors.
The City, the Body, and the World of Things
Authors: Karsono Sony 
Published: July 2022

Abstract
In late New Order Indonesia, industrialization generated among Jakarta’s intellectuals a sense of entrapment in an ‘onrushing century’ where the storm of progress had thrown their life into turmoil. What did it mean for them to find their urban experiences structured by this turmoil, which poet Afrizal Malna called an ‘architecture of rain’? Sensing that corporeal and material history may hold the key to this question, I look into why a section of New Order Jakarta’s intellectual class felt they were leading a hyper-fast, overheated life, and how they tried to come to terms with it. Focusing on thing-centred and embodied experiences, I use the tension between Jakarta’s social history and Afrizal Malna’s biography and literary work to spark a different understanding of contemporary Indonesian urbanism.