bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of formation of water quality of surface sources of water supply as a factor of a choice of a method of water treatment
Authors: Charnyy D. V. , Matseluk Ye. M. , Levytska V. D. , Marysyk S. V. , Chernova N. M. 
Published: January 2022

The current state and formation of water quality in reservoirs that serve as sources of drinking water supply were considered. It was revealed that phytoplankton becomes one of the main factors influencing the formation of water quality in reservoirs in the warm period from June to November, especially during the period of reservoirs “blooming”. Mostly these processes are triggered by the explosive development of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). The factors accompanying this phenomenon are shown. The characteristic of the influence of global climate change and new composition of wastewater on water quality in surface water supply sources is given. If earlier the sewage contained significant volumes of heavy metals, oil products, phenols, etc., now they are observed to decrease at several times and vice versa - an increase in the volume of biogenic compounds, especially phosphates is observed. The emergence of phosphates is caused both by the ingress of phosphate fertilizers into water bodies, and by household reasons - the massive distribution of phosphate-based detergents and the inability of existing sewage treatment plants to efficiently process them. Screening monitoring of the Dnieper river basin showed extremely high levels of the predicted safe concentration of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, as well as pharmaceutical substances such as carbomazepine, lopinavir, diclofenac, efavirenz, etc. in water.
That is, among organic pollutants, the focus changes from classic petrochemical products to the products related to agricultural and pharmaceutical production, which, in certain concentrations, can stimulate the development of phytoplankton.
The effective methods for treating surface water in modern conditions are as follows:
- physical retention of coarse fractions of phytoplankton using new designs of water intake structures;
- the use of new filter materials that effectively trap finely dispersed phytoplankton fractions at the main treatment facilities and are capable of regenerating the filter media;
- the use of new oxidizing agents-disinfectants that do not form toxic organochlorine compounds, with preliminary extraction of phytoplankton masses;
Study of Investment in the Organic Fertilizer Industry to Improve Community Economists
Authors: Putro Gunawan Madyono , Prijoto Prijoto 
Published: January 2022

Based on the results of observations of organic waste in the village of Jogotirto Berbah, Sleman, it is known that the amount of household organic waste and cow dung from 2015 to 2020 continues to increase by ± 12% per year. In Jogotirto, the average person produces 0.36 kg of organic waste per day and 15 kg of dry cow dung per day. In 2020 the amount of
household organic waste is 8,477 kg per day, while for cow dung is 16,787.75 kg per day. Analysis of the study of the establishment of the organic fertilizer industry is carried out by processing household organic waste and solid cow dung by fermentation. This fermentation process is carried out anaerobically for 21 days. The organic fertilizer processing process is carried out by mixing cow dung and household waste with varying ratios. From the results of research on making organic fertilizer, it is known that a mixture of cow dung and household waste with a mixture ratio of 2: 1 contains nitrogen compounds as much as 1.04%, organic C 17.6%, phosphorus 1.7% and potassium as much as 7.02%. Based on the analysis of investment feasibility using the Net Present Value method, the fertilizer industry can generate a profit of 200.18% for 5 years. Analysts using the ROR method can provide a profit of 31.7% per year and the analysis using the pay back method is known that the period of capital will return after 3.85 years. Based on the sensitivity test of the fertilizer industry, it is still said to be safe for changes in influencing parameters, namely the sensitivity rate of 20%. This study of the establishment of the organic fertilizer industry aims to provide advice to the government in the context of improving the community's economy.
“Person” in the Law of Religious [Institutes]
Authors: Němec Damián 
Published: January 2022

The emphasis on the human person and his dignity was significantly applied in the new regulation of the law of consecrated life, which is dealt with in the new Code of Canon Law of 1983 in integrum compared to the previous Code of Canon Law of 1917. This paper describes only some of the changes in the law of religious institutes in the Latin Church.The first section regards mainly the person who has taken religious vows and focuses on the question of religious vows as the basis of religious life. It also discusses confessors viewed as a necessary tool for the renewal of religious life as well as modifications in the concept of poverty as a very important element of religious life. The second section focuses on the government of religious institutes, discussing the strengthened position of internal superiors over external superiors in religious congregations, the strengthened position of the superior of monasteries of nuns, and the extended powers of superiors on release from a religious institute due to illegitimate absence from a religious house.As this is in some cases a very recent legal regulation, the author does not hesitate to express his critical observations.
Association of meningitis and clival canal defect: case illustration, management, and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Singh Rohin , Thorwarth Ryan M. , Bendok Bernard R. , Rath Tanya J. , Bhuskute Aditi A. , Gnagi Sharon H. , Lal Devyani 
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE
Improper embryological development of the clivus, a bony structure that comprises part of the skull base, can lead to a clival canal defect. Previously thought to be a benign condition, clival canals have been reported to be associated with meningitis and meningoceles. In this review, the authors sought to present an unpublished case of a patient with a clival canal defect associated with meningitis and to evaluate all other reported cases.

METHODS
In October 2020, a search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted to identify all cases of clival canals reported from January 1, 1980, through October 31, 2020.

RESULTS
Including the case presented herein, 13 cases of clival canals, 11 in children (84.6%) and 2 in adults (15.4%), have been identified. Of the pediatric patients, 5 (45.5%) had an associated meningocele, and 8 (72.7%) had meningitis. Nine of the 13 patients (69.2%) had defects that were treated surgically, 5 (38.5%) by a transnasal approach and 4 (30.8%) by a transoral approach. Two patients (15.4%) were treated with drainage and antibiotics, 1 patient (7.7%) was treated solely with antibiotics, and 1 patient (7.7%) was not treated. In the literature review, 8 reports of clival canals were found to be associated with meningitis, further contributing to the notion that the clival canal may be an overlooked source of recurrent infection. In several of these cases, surgical repair of the lesion was curative, thus preventing continued episodes of meningitis.

CONCLUSIONS
When a patient has recurrent meningitis with no clear cause, taking a closer look at clival anatomy is recommended. In addition, if a clival canal defect has been identified, surgical repair should be considered a safe and effective primary treatment option.
Glottocodes: Identifiers linking families, languages and dialects to comprehensive reference information
Authors: Forkel Robert , Hammarström Harald 
Published: January 2022

Glottocodes constitute the backbone identification system for the language, dialect and family inventory Glottolog (https://glottolog.org). In this paper, we summarize the motivation and history behind the system of glottocodes and describe the principles and practices of data curation, technical infrastructure and update/version-tracking systematics. Since our understanding of the target domain – the dialects, languages and language families of the entire world – is continually evolving, changes and updates are relatively common. The resulting data is assessed in terms of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. As such the glottocode-system responds to an important challenge in the realm of Linguistic Linked Data with numerous NLP applications.
ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ РОБОТИ СУДЕН ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ШВИДКІСНОГО РЕЖИМУ
Authors: Glavatskhih V.I. 
Published: January 2022

Вступ. У статті розглянуто можливість експлуатації суден на малих швидкостях для досягнення суттєвого зменшення рівня споживання пального та, як наслідок, зменшення експлуатаційних витрат. Час доставки вантажу є одним із найважливіших показників якості діяльності судноплавної компанії. Досліджено, яким чином швидкісний режим експлуатації судна впливає на час доставки вантажу й роботу судноплавної компанії в цілому. Для отримання вичерпної об’єктивної інформації та дослідження завдання використано багатокритеріальний аналіз, а визначена множина Парето стає доступною для особи, що приймає рішення, при плануванні експлуатаційного режиму судна. У розв’язанні завдань багатокритеріального аналізу передусім повинні бути визначені й описані набори рішень, із яких варто здійснювати вибір. Роблячи такий вибір, особа, що приймає рішення, може використати додаткові критерії та міркування або покладатися на свої професійні знання, досвід та інтуїцію. Норми витрат палива встановлюються на тепло-технологічних випробуваннях для шкірного судна окремо на ходу й на стоянці. Норми витрати палива залежать від кліматичних умов. У зимовий період витрачається палива більше, оскільки воно витрачається на прогрів вантажних поміщень, лебідок і палубних механізмів – на 6–8% більше порівняно з літніми. Витрати на паливо є головною статтею витрат при використанні морського транспорту. Тому велике значення має розробка комплексу заходів, спрямованих на зниження витрат палива при експлуатації суден. При плануванні роботи суден у трамповому судноплавстві для перевезення важких масових вантажів проводиться розрахунок бункерування. Економічний ефект рейсів залежить від балансу між кількістю перевезеного вантажу та запасами палива. Має сенс складати план бункерування судна на рейс з урахуванням усіх особливостей маршруту й можливих портів бункерування. При цьому варто брати до уваги ціни на паливо в кожному порту, включаючи вартість доставки до борту судна, тривалість бункерування, можливість поповнення паливом на зовнішньому рейді, де не потрібна оплата портових зборів, що діють на місцевій митній, екологічній, та інші спеціальні вимоги. Пункт про право судновласника на заходження в проміжний порт для бункерування варто включати в рейсовий чартер. Також судновласниками враховується можливість економії палива від руху судна зі зниженою швидкістю, що може дати значний економічний ефект як у трамповому, так і в лінійному й торговельно-промисловому судноплавстві. У роботі обґрунтовано методику вибору інвестиційного проекту придбання судна-балкера з огляду на можливість його експлуатації на різних швидкостях.
Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y su relación con la gestión del talento humano
Authors: Gavilanes Sagñay Marco Antonio , Gavilanes Sagnay Fredy , Chávez Granados Nathalie Azucena 
Published: January 2022

Introducción. Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación han impactado en todas las áreas del desarrollo humano y social. En el caso de la Gestión del Talento Humano, continúa siendo un tema de interés, sin embargo, no siempre se alcanza a visualizar qué hacer para poder optimizar la gestión del talento humano desde la perspectiva de la Tecnología de la Información y la Comunicación. Objetivo. Establecer la relación que se da entre las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación y la calidad del proceso de Gestión del Talento Humano. Metodología. En el estudio se utilizó una metodología descriptiva, no experimental basada en métodos teóricos que permitieron revisar la literatura precedente y establecer los principales argumentos relacionados con el tema. Resultados. 1. Los fundamentos teóricos confirman la importancia de utilizar las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación como herramienta fundamental para perfeccionar la Gestión del Talento Humano en las diferentes instituciones. 2. Se requiere trabajar en la eliminación de las brechas digitales, que aún persisten; ello implica lograr la accesibilidad a computadoras, internet y a la tecnología en sí, eliminando la desigualdad existente. 3. Se propone una estrategia de desarrollo integrada en cinco fases: Diagnóstico, Planificación, Aplicación, Reorganización, que permite optimizar el proceso la Gestión del Talento Humano desde la perspectiva de la Tecnología de la Información y la Comunicación. Conclusiones. Se revisión de los referentes teóricos confirman la importancia de utilizar la Tecnología de la Información y la Comunicación como herramienta fundamental para la mejora de la Gestión del Talento Humano en las diferentes instituciones u empresas. Se aporta una estrategia de desarrollo posible a aplicar en las diferentes para la optimización del desarrollo de las competencias y manejo de la las TICs, con vista al perfeccionamiento de la Gestión del Talento Humano.
Social Construction of Extremism: Case Study of South Punjab
Authors: Jamil Sidra , Ahmed Naeem , Bajwa Sibghat U. , Hussain Nazar 
Published: January 2022

South Punjab, the land of Sufi saints, and epitome of peace and love has transformed into the fulcra of militancy in last two decades. The current study draws the connection between society (social-organisation) and social interaction with the construction of individual’s perceptions and behaviours. The study also underscores the flaws lie in the social composition of society of South Punjab that contributes to the construction of violent perceptions and behaviours, and trigger individuals to join militant wings. The research was conducted in Multan- a district of South Punjab. The qualitative methods: ethnographic observation and semi-structured interviews are used in this research. Purpose sampling is used to select sample population encompassing people from diverse social backgrounds. The findings of the research unfold those prime social institutions including religion, education, economic and government are mal-functioning, due to which region became heartland of militancy.
Dynamics of Strong Coupling Between Free Charge Carriers in Organometal Halide Perovskites and Aluminum Plasmonic States
Authors: Luo Yang , Wang Hai , Zhao Le-Yi , Zhang Yong-Lai 
Published: January 2022

We have investigated a strong coupled system composed of a MAPbIxCl3-x perovskite film and aluminum conical nanopits array. The hybrid states formed by surface plasmons and free carriers, rather than the traditional excitons, is observed in both steady-state reflection measurements and transient absorption spectra. In particular, under near upper band resonant excitation, the bleaching signal from the band edge of uncoupled perovskite was completely separated into two distinctive bleaching signals of the hybrid system, which is clear evidence for the formation of strong coupling states between the free carrier–plasmon state. Besides this, a Rabi splitting up to 260 meV is achieved. The appearance of the lower bands can compensate for the poor absorption of the perovskite in the NIR region. Finally, we found that the lifetime of the free carrier–SP hybrid states is slightly shorter than that of uncoupled perovskite film, which can be caused by the ultrafast damping of the SPs modes. These peculiar features on the strong coupled hybrid states based on free charge carriers can open new perspectives for novel plasmonic perovskite solar cells.
Antihypertensive Medication Use and Its Effects on Blood Pressure and Haemodynamics in a Tri-ethnic Population Cohort: Southall and Brent Revisited (SABRE)
Authors: Hughes Alun D. , Eastwood Sophie V. , Tillin Therese , Chaturvedi Nish 
Published: January 2022

Objectives:We characterised differences in BP control and use of antihypertensive medications in European (EA), South Asian (SA) and African-Caribbean (AC) people with hypertension and investigated the potential role of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), reduced arterial compliance (Ca), and antihypertensive medication use in any differences.Methods:Analysis was restricted to individuals with hypertension [age range 59–85 years; N = 852 (EA = 328, SA = 356, and AC =168)]. Questionnaires, anthropometry, BP measurements, echocardiography, and fasting blood assays were performed. BP control was classified according to UK guidelines operating at the time of the study. Data were analysed using generalised structural equation models, multivariable regression and treatment effect models.Results:SA and AC people were more likely to receive treatment for high BP and received a greater average number of antihypertensive agents, but despite this a smaller proportion of SA and AC achieved control of BP to target [age and sex adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.52 (0.38, 0.72) and 0.64 (0.43, 0.96), respectively]. Differences in BP control were partially attenuated by controlling for the higher prevalence of T2DM and reduced Ca in SA and AC. There was little difference in choice of antihypertensive agent by ethnicity and no evidence that differences in efficacy of antihypertensive regimens contributed to ethnic differences in BP control.Conclusions:T2DM and more adverse arterial stiffness are important factors in the poorer BP control in SA and AC people. More effort is required to achieve better control of BP, particularly in UK ethnic minorities.
Genetic Determinants of Serum Calcification Propensity and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the General Population
Authors: de Haan Amber , Ahmadizar Fariba , van der Most Peter J. , Thio Chris H. L. , Kamali Zoha , Ani Alireza , Ghanbari Mohsen , Chaker Layal , van Meurs Joyce , Ikram M. Kamran , van Goor Harry , Bakker Stephan J. L. , van der Harst Pim , Snieder Harold , Kavousi Maryam , Pasch Andreas , Eijgelsheim Mark , de Borst Martin H. 
Published: January 2022

Background:Serum calciprotein particle maturation time (T50), a measure of vascular calcification propensity, is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify genetic loci associated with serum T50 and study their association with cardiovascular disease and mortality.Methods:We performed a genome-wide association study of serum T50 in 2,739 individuals of European descent participating in the Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENd-stage Disease (PREVEND) study, followed by a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine causal effects of T50 on cardiovascular outcomes. Finally, we examined associations between T50 loci and cardiovascular outcomes in 8,566 community-dwelling participants in the Rotterdam study.Results:We identified three independent genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the AHSG gene encoding fetuin-A: rs4917 (p = 1.72 × 10−101), rs2077119 (p = 3.34 × 10−18), and rs9870756 (p = 3.10 × 10−8), together explaining 18.3% of variation in serum T50. MR did not demonstrate a causal effect of T50 on cardiovascular outcomes in the general population. Patient-level analyses revealed that the minor allele of rs9870756, which explained 9.1% of variation in T50, was associated with a primary composite endpoint of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular disease [odds ratio (95% CI) 1.14 (1.01–1.28)] and all-cause mortality alone [1.14 (1.00–1.31)]. The other variants were not associated with clinical outcomes. In patients with type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease, the association between rs9870756 and the primary composite endpoint was stronger [OR 1.40 (1.06–1.84), relative excess risk due to interaction 0.54 (0.01–1.08)].Conclusions:We identified three SNPs in the AHSG gene that explained 18.3% of variability in serum T50 levels. Only one SNP was associated with cardiovascular outcomes, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes or chronic kidney disease.
PFKP Activation Ameliorates Foot Process Fusion in Podocytes in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zhang Zongwei , Liang Wei , Luo Qiang , Hu Hongtu , Yang Keju , Hu Jijia , Chen Zhaowei , Zhu Jili , Feng Jun , Zhu Zijing , Chi Qingjia , Ding Guohua 
Published: January 2022

BackgroundGlycolysis dysfunction is an important pathogenesis of podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Foot process fusion of podocytes and increased albuminuria are markers of early DKD. Moreover, cytoskeletal remodeling has been found to be involved in the foot process fusion of podocytes. However, the connections between cytoskeletal remodeling and alterations of glycolysis in podocytes in DKD have not been clarified.MethodsmRNA sequencing of glomeruli obtained from db/db and db/m mice with albuminuria was performed to analyze the expression profiling of genes in glucose metabolism. Expressions of phosphofructokinase platelet type (PFKP) in the glomeruli of DKD patients were detected. Clotrimazole (CTZ) was used to explore the renal effects of PFKP inhibition in diabetic mice. Using Pfkp siRNA or recombinant plasmid to manipulate PFKP expression, the effects of PFKP on high glucose (HG) induced podocyte damage were assessed in vitro. The levels of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) were measured. Targeted metabolomics was performed to observe the alterations of the metabolites in glucose metabolism after HG stimulation. Furthermore, aldolase type b (Aldob) siRNA or recombinant plasmid were applied to evaluate the influence of FBP level alteration on podocytes. FBP was directly added to podocyte culture media. Db/db mice were treated with FBP to investigate its effects on their kidney.ResultsmRNA sequencing showed that glycolysis enzyme genes were altered, characterized by upregulation of upstream genes (Hk1, and Pfkp) and down-regulation of downstream genes of glycolysis (Pkm, and Ldha). Moreover, the expression of PFKP was increased in glomeruli of DKD patients. The CTZ group presented more severe renal damage. In vitro, the Pfkp siRNA group and ALDOB overexpression group showed much more induced cytoskeletal remodeling in podocytes, while overexpression of PFKP and suppression of ALDOB in vitro rescued podocytes from cytoskeletal remodeling through regulation of FBP levels and inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK1 pathway. Furthermore, targeted metabolomics showed FBP level was significantly increased in HG group compared with the control group. Exogenous FBP addition reduced podocyte cytoskeletal remodeling and renal damage of db/db mice.ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence that PFKP may be a potential target for podocyte injury in DN and provide a rationale for applying podocyte glycolysis enhancing agents in patients with DKD.