bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leader subjective ambivalence: Enabling team task performance via information‐seeking processes
Authors: Guarana Cristiano L. , Rothman Naomi B. , Melwani Shimul 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the effects of leader subjective ambivalence on team performance. Integrating the ambivalence literature and social learning theory, we propose a multi‐level model of whether, when, and why team leaders’ subjective ambivalence enhances team performance outcomes. The results of two laboratory experiments (Studies 1 and 2) demonstrate initial support for the relationship between leader subjective ambivalence and information‐seeking behaviors. The results of a longitudinal field study (Study 3) based on 164 projects (164 leaders and 725 subordinates) show that leader subjective ambivalence has a positive indirect effect on team task performance first through leader information‐seeking behaviors and later through team information‐seeking behaviors. Our results further indicate that project complexity is a boundary condition for the proposed conditional indirect effect of leader subjective ambivalence on team performance outcomes. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
An empirical, accessible definition of “ghosting” as a relationship dissolution method
Authors: Kay Caitlyn , Courtice Erin Leigh 
Published: May 2022

Abstract“Ghosting” as a method of relationship dissolution has entered both popular media and academic discussion as a topic of interest. Journalists and researchers have used both observation and qualitative methods to define this breakup strategy with varying and sometimes contradictory results. The goal of this study was to create an accessible and empirical definition of ghosting and to resolve discrepancies between existing definitions. To do so, we asked 499 participants (321 cisgender women, all residing in Canada and aged 17–29) two open‐ended questions about ghosting. Participants provided their own definition of ghosting, and then identified behaviors that they associated with ghosting. Next, we conducted inductive qualitative analyses with four cycles of coding to determine the key components of the behavior that distinguish ghosting from other methods of relationship dissolution. Based on participant responses and language, we derived the following definition of ghosting: “One way that people can end a relationship is by ghosting. Ghosting is when one person suddenly ignores or stops communicating with another person, without telling them why.” Our proposed definition of ghosting addresses shortcomings presented by previous and concurrently developed definitions and provides a starting point for future research on ghosting in romantic relationships, friendships, workplaces, and beyond.
Synthesis and Self‐Aggregation of Chlorophyll‐a Derivatives Possessing a Hydroxymethyl Group in the C20‐Substituent with Ethynylene and/or Phenylene Linkers
Authors: Nakano Takeo , Hashimoto Yuki , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractChlorophyll(Chl)‐a derivatives containing some rigid linkers in the C20 substituents, which were inserted between a hydroxymethyl group and the chlorin π‐skeleton, were synthesized and their self‐aggregation abilities were investigated. Measurements of electronic absorption, circular dichroism and infrared absorption spectra revealed that the zinc complex of a Chl‐a derivative bearing a (p‐ethynyl)benzyl alcoholic moiety at the C20‐position gave its J‐aggregates in an aqueous micellar solution through the hydrogen and coordination bonding. These results exhibited the potential of Chl‐a derivatives bearing a hydroxyl group in the C20 substituents as the model compounds for chlorosomal light‐harvesting antennas.
Competitive trading in forward and spot markets under yield uncertainty
Authors: Shao Lusheng , Wang Derui , Wu Xiaole 
Published: May 2022

Many agricultural commodities are traded in both forward and spot markets. This paper studies the interplay of random yield and forward market in a hybrid market with spot and forward transactions. We examine two main questions: (a) How does yield uncertainty (yield risk and yield correlation) affect the equilibrium outcome in this hybrid market? (b) How does the existence of a forward market influence the firms' strategic behaviors and spot price volatility, and how does yield uncertainty mediate the role of the forward market? In our baseline model that considers two firms and no withholding behavior by the firms, it is found that as yield risk increases, firms may sell less in the forward market, and counterintuitively, higher yield risk may benefit firms and make the spot price less volatile. The existence of a forward market leads to greater spot price volatility; that is, a forward market destabilizes spot prices. We identify a mitigating effect of yield variability, but an enhancing effect of yield correlation, on the role of the forward market. Finally, we extend our baseline model to the case with more than two firms and the setting where the firms may withhold some products and demonstrate that some of the key results in the baseline model carry over to these extensions. Nevertheless, the firms' withholding behavior represents a new driving force that changes some results. For example, the decreasing trend of spot price volatility in yield risk disappears in the withholding model.
Effect of high‐intensity interval training on hippocampal metabolism in older adolescents
Authors: Valkenborghs Sarah Ruth , Hillman Charles H. , Al‐Iedani Oun , Nilsson Michael , Smith Jordan J. , Leahy Angus Aaron , Harries Simon K. , Ramadan Saadallah , Lubans David Revalds 
Published: May 2022

AbstractAlthough well‐evidenced in older adults, the effects of exercise on the hippocampus in youth are relatively unknown. This study examined the impact of a 6‐month school‐based physical activity intervention on hippocampal metabolism in adolescents using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A subset of lower fit older adolescents [N = 56, 61% female, 16.1 ± 0.4 years] was included from four secondary schools (10 classes) in New South Wales, Australia, who were participating in a larger cluster randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized to the Burn 2 Learn (B2L) intervention (five classes, 30 participants) or a control group (five classes, 26 participants). Changes in hippocampal metabolism were assessed using linear mixed models adjusted for clustering at the class level. We observed group‐by‐time effects for the B2L intervention on N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) (+2.66 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.20 to 5.11, d = 0.66) and glutamate+glutamine (Glx) (+3.38 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.34 to 6.42, d = 0.67) in the left hippocampus. Increases in left hippocampal NAA and Glx concentrations were associated with improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (NAA: rs = 0.52, p = .016; Glx: rs = 0.57, p = .007), lower body muscular fitness (NAA: rs = 0.49, p = .018; Glx: rs = 0.59, p = .003), and working memory (NAA: rs = 0.42, p = .032; Glx: rs = 0.43, p = .028) in the intervention group. Our findings suggest physical activity may improve hippocampal metabolism in lower fit older adolescents with implications for working memory. Further studies involving larger samples are needed to replicate our findings.
Quantitative analyses of misclassification rates in the hazard classification of environmental chemicals: Evaluation of procedures for deriving predicted no‐effect concentrations in the Chemical Substance Control Law in Japan
Authors: Hayashi Takehiko I. , Furuhama Ayako , Yokomizo Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Hiroshi 
Published: May 2022

AbstractThe quality of chemical management depends more or less on practical procedures used to assess chemicals. This study quantitatively assessed the efficacy of a derivation procedure for calculating no‐effect concentrations for screening assessment of environmental hazards under the Chemical Substance Control Law in Japan. We first evaluated the derivation procedure by applying a series of test ecotoxicity datasets to the procedure and calculating the resulting misclassification rates of the hazardous class of chemicals. In this study, a chemical was deemed to have been misclassified if its classification differed from its classification based on the full dataset (chronic toxicity data for three trophic levels), which was defined as the correct assignment. We also calculated the effects of additional uncertainty factors to decrease the variance (i.e., to improve the consistency) of the misclassification rates among cases with different data availability in the derivation procedure. The results showed that the derivation procedure resulted in very high rates of misclassification when only particular sets of ecotoxicity data were available (e.g., only chronic toxicity data of algae were available). Our analyses also showed that the use of additional uncertainty factors improved the consistency of the misclassification rates within the derivation procedure. Our study presents a broadly applicable calculation framework for quantifying error rates in assessment procedures and serves as a case study for future development and reforms of chemical assessment processes and policies, while additional analyses using more extensive ecotoxicity data with various modes of actions are needed in the future.
Sedimentology and diagenesis of Pleistocene calcareous, non‐dolomitic, interdune sediments, Coorong Coastal Plain, South Australia
Authors: James Noel P. , Bone Yvonne 
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACTThe Coorong Coastal Plain in the south‐east of South Australia is a series of uplifted and stranded Pleistocene, beach‐dune, aeolianite complexes (Bridgewater Formation) that range in age from Middle Pleistocene to Holocene. Aeolianite ridges are separated by elongated corridors, the sites of interdune sedimentation. The youngest corridors, sites of Holocene lacustrine deposition, are also locations of syndepositional dolomite formation. These lakes, particularly south of the Coorong Lagoon, are world‐famous and extensively studied. The older corridors, by contrast, are poorly understood. This study investigates the numerous corridor sediments and limestones between aeolianites across the coastal plain. There are two formations: (i) the Padthaway Formation, a middle Pleistocene, Marine Isotope Stage 15 to Marine Isotope Stage 2 deposit with three facies; and (ii) the Glanville Formation, a younger late Pleistocene Marine Isotope Stage 5e, unit with one facies containing warm‐water biota that is not present in the area today. These carbonates are interpreted to record deposition in palaeoenvironments ranging from lacustrine to estuarine–lagoonal. There is very little dolomite in the deposits. Aragonite and Mg‐calcite are present and most abundant in corridors younger than 350 ka. There are only seven samples of Padthaway Formation carbonates that contain any dolomite, with only two containing more than 50%. Limestone and dolomite stable isotopes are similar with negative δ13C values (−3.9 to −8.6‰) and variable δ18O numbers (+3.0 to −2.4‰). Such values are quite unlike those for younger synsedimentary dolomites. Mineralogy and geochemistry suggest original low‐magnesium calcite‐rich sediment that has been modified to varying degrees by meteoric diagenesis. Lack of synsedimentary dolomite is ascribed mainly to more humid climatic conditions in the past. The study emphasizes that lacustrine synsedimentary dolomite forms under semi‐arid conditions when lakes, fed by Mg‐rich and Ca‐rich resurging groundwaters and under bacterial mediation, are evaporated to dryness.
Incidence and risk factors for the development of cytomegalovirus viremia in a steroid sparing liver transplant center
Authors: Viehl Emily , Lichvar Alicia , Chan Christine , Choi David 
Published: May 2022

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common opportunistic infection in patients after liver transplant (LT). Guidelines recommend 900 mg daily of valganciclovir; however, valganciclovir commonly causes dose‐dependent hematologic toxicities. Use of a low‐dose valganciclovir (450 mg) has been used to prevent these adverse effects, but the data regarding this dosing strategy are not as robust in a steroid sparing LT center.MethodsRetrospective chart review of adult LT recipients between January 1, 2008 and June 30, 2019. All patients received low‐dose valganciclovir 450 mg PO daily for CMV prophylaxis. Primary outcome was the incidence of CMV viremia in LT recipients at 12 months post‐LT. Secondary outcomes include time to CMV viremia, risk factors for the development of CMV viremia, and incidence of breakthrough CMV viremia while on valganciclovir prophylaxis.ResultsA total of 266 patients were included. Overall, the majority were male (63.2%) and Caucasian (45.5%). The most common indication for transplant was decompensated cirrhosis (82%). The incidence of CMV at 1 year posttransplant was 7.9%. Independent risk factors included high risk status (OR 5.97, 95% CI 2.14–16.61, p = .001) as well as having an episode of rejection (OR 5.99, 95% CI 2.16–16.66, p = .001).ConclusionLow‐dose valganciclovir can be effective in the prevention of CMV viremia in LT patients and may be a beneficial strategy for CMV prophylaxis in a steroid‐sparing transplant center. Further studies may be needed to determine appropriate length of prophylaxis therapy for different risk groups.
image
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment of Different Antifungal Agents in De-escalation Treatment in Critically Ill Patients: a Step toward Dose Optimization Using Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Xie Jiao , Yang Qianting , Han Xinyan , Dong Yuzhu , Zhang Tao , Li Youjia , Ji Meixi , Liu Chenwei , Cai Yan , Wang Yan 
Published: May 2022

Differences in pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) target attainment are rarely considered when antifungals are switched in critically ill patients. This study intends to explore whether the antifungal de-escalation treatment strategy and the new intermittent dosing strategy of echinocandins in critically ill patients are able to achieve the corresponding PK/PD targets. The published population PK models of antifungals in critically ill patients and a public data set from the MIMIC-III database (
n
= 662) were employed to evaluate PK/PD target attainment of different dosing regimens of antifungals.
Comparison of regional versus global growth charts for the classification of small-for-gestational age neonates
Authors: Anand Pratima , Thomas Deena , Agarwal Ramesh , Thukral Anu , Deorari Ashok K , Paul Vinod Kumar , Sankar M Jeeva 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo compare the performance of regional versus global charts for identifying small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonates with short-term adverse outcomes.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingLevel-3 neonatal unit in India.PatientsNeonates were categorised into SGA and appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA; 10th−90th centile) using four charts, namely, the AIIMS, Lubchenco, Fenton and Intergrowth 21st charts. They were followed up for adverse outcomes until 28 days.OutcomesWe evaluated the (1) burden of SGA, (2) sensitivity and diagnostic OR (DOR), (3) relative risk (RR) and number needed to screen (NNS) to detect adverse outcomes in SGA versus ‘optimal’ AGA (50th−90th centile) and (4) RR of morbidities in ‘additional SGA’ (ie, classified as SGA by others but not by AIIMS chart).ResultsAmong 1367 neonates, 19.6%, 4.5% and 12.5% were classified as SGA by Intergrowth 21st, AIIMS and Lubchenco charts, respectively. Intergrowth 21st had the highest sensitivity (39.1%) but the least DOR (2.6) to detect adverse outcomes; AIIMS chart had low sensitivity (19.3%) but higher DOR (4.3). RR and NNS were 3.7 and 14; 4.4 and 7; 4.0 and 8; 3.6 and 10 with Intergrowth 21st, AIIMS, Lubchenco and Fenton charts, respectively. ‘Additional SGA’ identified by Intergrowth 21st had lower risk of adverse outcomes than SGA identified by both the charts (RR 0.39; 95% CI 0.19 to 0.82).ConclusionsCompared with AIIMS and Lubchenco charts, Intergrowth 21st runs the risk of overdiagnosing SGA neonates who may not be at a higher risk of short-term morbidities.
Effect of antibiotics in the first week of life on faecal microbiota development
Authors: Van Daele Emmy , Kamphorst Kim , Vlieger Arine M , Hermes Gerben , Milani Christian , Ventura Marco , Belzer Clara , Smidt Hauke , van Elburg Ruurd M , Knol Jan 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundInfants are frequently exposed to antibiotics (AB) in the first week of life for suspected bacterial infections. Little is known about the effect of AB on the developing intestinal microbiota. Therefore, we studied intestinal microbiota development with and without AB exposure in the first week of life in term born infants.MethodsWe analysed the faecal microbiota from birth until 2.5 years of age by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in a cohort with 56 term born infants, exposed to AB in the first week of life (AB+) (AB for 2–3 days (AB2, n=20), AB for 7 days (AB7, n=36)), compared with 126 healthy controls (AB-). The effects of AB and duration were examined in relation to delivery and feeding mode.ResultsAB+ was associated with significantly increased relative abundance ofEnterobacteriaceaeat 3 weeks and 1 year and a decrease ofBifidobacteriaceae, from 1 week until 3 months of age only in vaginally delivered, but not in C-section born infants. Similar deviations were noted in AB7, but not in AB2. After AB, breastfed infants had lower relative abundance of potentially pathogenicEnterobacteriaceaecompared with formula fed infants and recovered 2 weeks faster towards controls.ConclusionsAB exposure in the first week of life alters faecal microbiota development with deviations in the relative abundance of individual taxa until 1 year of age. These alterations can have long-term health consequences, which emphasises the need for future studies aiming at restoring intestinal microbiota after AB administration.
Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: how young is too young?
Authors: Hodgson Kate Alison , Lim Ruth , Huynh Julie , Nind Ben , Katz Naomi , Marlow Robin , Hensey Conor C , Scanlan Barry , Ibrahim Laila F , Bryant Penelope A 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo report the use, and assess the efficacy and outcomes of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) in neonates (≤28 days of age), compared with older infants (1–12 months of age).DesignA prospective 8-year observational study from September 2012 to September 2020.SettingThe Hospital-in-the-Home (HITH) programme of the Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne.PatientsNeonatal patients (≤28 days of age) were compared with older infants (1–12 months of age) receiving OPAT.InterventionsData were collected including demographics, diagnosis, type of venous access and antibiotic choice.Main outcome measuresSuccess of OPAT, antibiotic appropriateness, complications and readmission rate.ResultsThere were 76 episodes for which neonates were admitted to HITH for OPAT, and 405 episodes for older infants. Meningitis was the most common diagnosis in both groups (59% and 35%, respectively); the most frequently prescribed antibiotic was ceftriaxone for both groups (61% and 49%). A positive bacterial culture was less frequent in neonates (38% vs 53%, p=0.02). Vascular access complication rate was 19% in neonates compared with 13% in older infants (p=0.2) with no central line-associated bloodstream infection in either group. Rates of appropriate antibiotic prescribing were similarly high between groups (93% vs 90%, p=0.3). The OPAT course was successfully completed in 74 of 74 (100%) neonates and 380 of 396 (96%) older infants (p=0.09). The unplanned readmission rate was low: 4 of 76 (5%) neonates and 27 of 405 (7%) older infants.ConclusionsOPAT is a safe and effective way of providing antibiotics to selected clinically stable neonatal patients. While appropriate antibiotic use was common, improvements can still be made.
Isolated sixth nerve palsy: a rare first presentation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lim Qi Xun , Ahmed Fahid , Patel Sirjhun 
Published: May 2022

True isolated sixth nerve palsy as the initial presentation of multiple sclerosis (MS) is rare. MS is a chronic inflammatory, immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system. This is the most common cause of neurological disability in young adults. Common symptoms include acute episodes of muscle weakness, altered sensation, balance and gait disturbances, visual loss and bladder dysfunction.Diagnosis of MS is supported with the incidence of symptomatic clinical episodes with subsequent cross-sectional imaging to confirm radiological lesions that are disseminated in space and time.In the following report, we discuss the case of a woman in her 30s who presented to ophthalmology with a sixth nerve palsy in the absence of ocular or systemic disease. This is the first presentation of MS, a rare clinical event.
Bladder stone causing vesicovaginal fistula and migration into the vagina
Authors: Sonawane Parag , Sathish Vyshnavi , Nadeem Mehwash 
Published: May 2022

Bladder stone is a known complication in a neurogenic bladder that can very rarely cause vesicovaginal fistula (VVF). We are presenting the case of a woman in her late 70s, bed bound with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), who was referred to urology for consideration of suprapubic catheter due to difficulty in managing her indwelling urethral catheter. The ultrasonogram (USG) identified a 4.7 cm bladder stone with right-sided hydronephrosis (HN) and left atrophic kidney. A CT scan later showed that a 5 cm bladder stone has migrated through a VVF into her vagina. She had a cystoscopy and transvaginal retrieval of the stone. Given her performance status and intraoperative finding of a small contracted bladder, it was agreed to manage her VVF conservatively.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a primary bladder stone migrating into the vagina through a VVF.
Characterisation of the vascular anterior surface of type 1 macular neovascularisation after anti-VEGF therapy
Authors: Corvi Federico , Bacci Tommaso , Corradetti Giulia , Staurenghi Giovanni , Sarraf David , Freund K. Bailey , Sadda SriniVas 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundTo evaluate whether the status of vasculature at the top of type 1 macular neovascularisation (MNV) could function as mediator of the observed protective effect against the development of complete retinal pigment epithelial and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA).MethodsIn consecutive treatment-naïve patients, the vasculature at the anterior surface of the MNV was isolated using a slab designed to extract the most superficial vascular portion of the MNV lesion showing a choriocapillaris (CC)-like structure which we termed the ‘neo-CC’. The ratio between the neo-CC area (isolated using this custom slab) and the MNV area (isolated using the standard outer retina-CC slab) at baseline and at last follow-up was evaluated.ResultsForty-four eyes from 44 patients were included. 20 showed cRORA by the final follow-up (median 23 months), whereas 24 did not progress to atrophy (median 23.5 months). The proportion of MNV with neo-CC at the anterior surface was significantly lower in eyes which progressed to cRORA compared with those which did not. The multivariate regression showed that a lower proportion of neo-CC coverage over the MNV was associated with an increased odds for cRORA development.ConclusionsMore extensive coverage of neo-CC is associated with a lower likelihood of development of macular atrophy in eyes receiving antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy, suggesting the protective effect of a type 1 MNV may be mediated by the development of a neo-CC and may provide insights into the biological significance of MNV as a response mechanism in eyes with age-related macular degeneration.