bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific depression dimensions are associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline in older adults
Authors: Soleimani Laili , Schnaider Beeri Michal , Grossman Hillel , Sano Mary , Zhu Carolyn W. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding the relationship between different depression presentations and cognitive outcome may elucidate high‐risk sub‐groups for cognitive decline.MethodsIn this study we utilized longitudinal data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) on 16,743 initially not demented older adults followed every 12 months for an average of 5 years. Depression dimensions were defined based on the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15), that is, dysphoric mood, Withdrawal‐Apathy‐Vigor (WAV), anxiety, hopelessness, and subjective memory complaint (SMC).ResultsAfter adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical covariates, SMC and hopelessness were associated with faster decline in global cognition and all cognitive domains and WAV with decline executive function. Dysphoric mood and anxiety were not associated with a faster cognitive decline in any of the cognitive domains.DiscussionDifferent depression dimensions had different associations with the rate of cognitive decline, suggesting distinct pathophysiology and the need for more targeted interventions.
Developmental administration of valproic acid alters DNA methylation and maternal behavior
Authors: Collins Nicholas J. , Zimmerman Catherine W. , Phillips Natalia L. H. , Fern Samantha , Doherty Tiffany S. , Roth Tania L. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractExposure to adversity in early development has powerful and potentially lasting consequences on behavior. Previous work in our laboratory using female Long‐Evans rats has demonstrated that exposure to early‐life maltreatment manifests into alterations in dam behavior, including a perpetuation of the maltreatment phenotype. These observed behavioral changes coincide with changes in epigenetic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Further, treating dams with a chromatin modifying agent (Zebularine) normalizes methylation and maltreatment phenotypes, suggesting a link between epigenetic programming and phenotypic outcomes. Here, we sought to investigate if administration of a chromatin modifying agent concurrent with the experience of maltreatment normalizes epigenetic activity associated with maltreatment and alters behavioral trajectories. Administration of valproic acid (VPA) transiently lowered levels of global DNA methylation in the PFC, regardless of exposure to nurturing care or maltreatment. When VPA‐exposed animals reached adulthood, they engaged in more adverse behaviors toward their offspring. These data provide further evidence linking epigenetic changes in the developing brain with effects on behavior.
How to approach the study of syndromes in macroevolution and ecology
Authors: Sinnott‐Armstrong Miranda A. , Deanna Rocio , Pretz Chelsea , Liu Sukuan , Harris Jesse C. , Dunbar‐Wallis Amy , Smith Stacey D. , Wheeler Lucas C. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSyndromes, wherein multiple traits evolve convergently in response to a shared selective driver, form a central concept in ecology and evolution. Recent work has questioned the existence of some classic syndromes, such as pollination and seed dispersal syndromes. Here, we discuss some of the major issues that have afflicted research into syndromes in macroevolution and ecology. First, correlated evolution of traits and hypothesized selective drivers is often relied on as the only evidence for adaptation of those traits to those hypothesized drivers, without supporting evidence. Second, the selective driver is often inferred from a combination of traits without explicit testing. Third, researchers often measure traits that are easy for humans to observe rather than measuring traits that are suited to testing the hypothesis of adaptation. Finally, species are often chosen for study because of their striking phenotypes, which leads to the illusion of syndromes and divergence. We argue that these issues can be avoided by combining studies of trait variation across entire clades or communities with explicit tests of adaptive hypotheses and that taking this approach will lead to a better understanding of syndrome‐like evolution and its drivers.
Divergent water requirements partition exposure risk to parasites in wild equids
Authors: Tombak Kaia J. , Easterling Laurel A. , Martinez Lindsay , Seng Monica S. , Wait Liana F. , Rubenstein Daniel I. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractFor grazing herbivores, dung density in feeding areas is an important determinant of exposure risk to fecal‐orally transmitted parasites. When host species share the same parasite species, a nonrandom distribution of their cumulative dung density and/or nonrandom ranging and feeding behavior may skew exposure risk and the relative selection pressure parasites impose on each host. The arid‐adapted Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi) can range more widely than the water‐dependent plains zebra (Equus quagga), with which it shares the same species of gastrointestinal nematodes. We studied how the spatial distribution of zebra dung relates to ranging and feeding behavior to assess parasite exposure risk in Grevy's and plains zebras at a site inhabited by both zebra species. We found that zebra dung density declined with distance from water, Grevy's zebra home ranges (excluding those of territorial males) were farther from water than those of plains zebras, and plains zebra grazing areas had higher dung density than random points while Grevy's zebra grazing areas did not, suggesting a greater exposure risk in plains zebras associated with their water dependence. Fecal egg counts increased with home range proximity to water for both species, but the response was stronger in plains zebras, indicating that this host species may be particularly vulnerable to the elevated exposure risk close to water. We further ran experiments on microclimatic effects on dung infectivity and showed that fewer nematode eggs embryonated in dung in the sun than in the shade. However, only 5% of the zebra dung on the landscape was in shade, indicating that the microclimatic effects of shade on the density of infective larvae is not a major influence on exposure risk dynamics. Ranging constraints based on water requirements appear to be key mediators of nematode parasite exposure in free‐ranging equids.
Interaction between Cymbidium aloifolium and Apis cerana: Incidence of an outlier in modular pollination network of oil flowers
Authors: Adit Arjun , Koul Monika , Choudhary Ashish Kumar , Tandon Rajesh 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSo far, oil‐rewarding flowers are known to be pollinated only by oil‐collecting bees, which gather and use lipids for larval feed and nest building. As honeybees do not have oil‐collecting appendages on their legs, they have not been associated with pollination of such flowers. In a predominantly Apis pollinated and food deceptive clade of wild Cymbidiums, we investigated the reproductive strategy of Cymbidium aloifolium, hitherto unknown for its floral oil reward. Our study demonstrates the requisites for establishment of mutualistic interaction between the oil flower and Apis cerana indica, a corbiculate bee. Success in pollination requires learning by honeybees to access the food reward, thereby displaying cognitive ability of the pollinator to access the customized reward. Morphometric matching between orchid flowers and the pollinator, and that between pollinia and stigmatic cavity also appear to be essential in the pollination success. Absence of pollinator competition and prolonged flower‐handling time are suggested to promote floral constancy. The present study highlights the need to explore the spectrum of pollination rewards pursued by honeybees, which may include unconventional composition of floral resources.
Resource limitation has a limited impact on the outcome of virus–fungus co‐infection in an insect host
Authors: Deschodt Pauline S. , Cory Jenny S. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractInfection by pathogens is strongly affected by the diet or condition of the prospective host. Studies that examine the impact of diet have mainly focused on single pathogens; however, co‐infections within a single host are thought to be common. Different pathogen groups might respond differently to resource availability and diverse infections could increase the costs of host defense, meaning the outcome of mixed infections under varying dietary regimes is likely to be hard to predict. We used the generalist cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni and two of its pathogens, the DNA virus T. ni nucleopolyhedrovirus (TniSNPV) and the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana to examine how nutrient reduction affected the outcome of mixed pathogen infection. We challenged insects with a low or high effective dose of virus, alone or combined with a single dose of fungus. We manipulated food availability after pathogen challenge by diluting artificial diet with cellulose, a non‐nutritious bulking agent, and examined its impact on host and pathogen fitness. Reducing diet quantity did not alter overall or pathogen‐specific mortality. In all cases, TniSNPV‐induced mortality was negatively affected by fungus challenge. Similarly, B. bassiana‐induced mortality was negatively affected by TniSNPV challenge, but only at the higher virus dose. Dietary dilution mainly affected B. bassiana speed of kill when mixed with a high dose of TniSNPV, with an increase in the duration of fungal infection when cellulose was low (high quantity). One pathogen dominated the production of transmission stages in the cadavers and co‐infection did not affect the yield of either pathogen. There was no evidence that co‐infections were more costly to the survivors of pathogen challenge. In conclusion, dietary dilution did not determine the outcome of mixed pathogen infection, but it had more subtle effects, that differed between the two pathogens and could potentially alter pathogen recycling and host–pathogen dynamics.
Citizen participation in the governance of nature‐based solutions
Authors: Kiss Bernadett , Sekulova Filka , Hörschelmann Kathrin , Salk Carl F. , Takahashi Wakana , Wamsler Christine 
Published: March 2022

AbstractThe last half‐a‐century has seen a marked demand for authentic citizen participation in public policy‐and decision‐making, not least in the field of sustainability. The depth and forms of citizen engagement in nature‐based solutions (NBS), for example, and how such participation shapes their trajectories is gaining increasing attention. In this paper, we analyze current forms and implications of citizen participation in 58 NBS case studies conducted in 21 cities in the light of supporting wider sustainability goals. Our results show that while tokenistic forms dominate citizen participation across a variety of NBS contexts, collaborative multi‐stakeholder forms of engagement do not automatically lead to enhanced ecological functions. Deeper forms of engagement, however, strengthen and diversify both expected and unexpected social outcomes, including social learning, enhanced sense of belonging, environmental stewardship, and inclusiveness and equity, in general. Driven by neoliberal austerity logic governments often cede power to NBS promoters whose interests predefine an intervention's vision of nature. Deeper levels of participation are hence limited by inherent institutional structures, neoliberal regimes and the lack of trust among actors involved. These limitations can be partially bridged by strengthening relational and reflexive capacities of public institutions. Focusing on the process of citizen engagement and creating multiple arenas for discussion could bring out new voices and narratives and also transform the culture of participation.
Heart failure quality of care and in‐hospital outcomes during the COVID‐19 pandemic: findings from the Get With The Guidelines‐Heart Failure registry
Authors: Keshvani Neil , Mehta Anurag , Alger Heather M. , Rutan Christine , Williams Joseph , Zhang Shuiaqi , Young Rebecca , Alhanti Brooke , Chiswell Karen , Greene Stephen J. , DeVore Adam D. , Yancy Clyde W. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Pandey Ambarish 
Published: March 2022

AimsTo assess heart failure (HF) in‐hospital quality of care and outcomes before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Methods and resultsPatients hospitalized for HF with ejection fraction (EF) <40% in the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines©‐HF (GWTG‐HF) registry during the COVID‐19 pandemic (3/1/2020–4/1/2021) and pre‐pandemic (2/1/2019–2/29/2020) periods were included. Adherence to HF process of care measures, in‐hospital mortality, and length of stay (LOS) were compared in pre‐pandemic vs. pandemic periods and in patients with vs. without COVID‐19. Overall, 42 004 pre‐pandemic and 37 027 pandemic period patients (median age 68, 33% women, 58% White) were included without observed differences across clinical characteristics, comorbidities, vital signs, or EF. Utilization of guideline‐directed medical therapy at discharge was comparable across both periods, with rates of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placement or prescription lower during the pandemic (vs. pre‐pandemic period). In‐hospital mortality (3.0% vs. 2.5%, p <0.0001) and LOS (mean 5.7 vs. 5.4 days, p <0.0004) were higher during the pandemic vs. pre‐pandemic. The highest in‐hospital mortality during the pandemic was observed among patients hospitalized in the Northeast region (3.4%). Among patients concurrently diagnosed with COVID‐19 (n = 549; 1.5%), adherence to ICD placement or prescription, prescription of aldosterone antagonist or angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker/angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor at discharge were lower, and in‐hospital mortality (8.2% vs. 3.0%, p <0.0001) and LOS (mean 7.7 vs. 5.7 days, p <0.0001) were higher than those without COVID‐19.ConclusionAmong GWTG‐HF participating hospitals, patients hospitalized for HF with reduced EF during the pandemic received similar care quality but experienced higher in‐hospital mortality than the pre‐pandemic period.
Base‐Mediated Remote Deuteration of N‐Heteroarenes – Broad Scope and Mechanism
Authors: Kopf Sara , Liu Jiali , Franke Robert , Jiao Haijun , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias 
Published: March 2022

AbstractDeuterated organic molecules provide the basis for many applications in life sciences and material research. Thus, methodologies to access labeled compounds with defined selectivity continue to be important. Using KOtBu as base and DMSO‐d6 as deuterium source, we present a general and applicable method for the selective deuteration of a set of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles (pyridines, azines and bioactive molecules). Experimental and DFT mechanistic studies indicate that this reaction proceeds via deprotonation of the substrates by the dimsyl anion. The relative thermodynamic stability of the heterocycle anions determines the distribution and degree of deuteration.
A platform method for plasmid isoforms analysis by capillary gel electrophoresis
Authors: Wang Meng , Liu Jun‐Kai , Gao Tie , Xu Ling‐Li , Zhang Xiao‐Xia , Nie Jian‐Hui , Li Yan , Chen Hong‐Xu 
Published: March 2022

AbstractIn the production of novel biological products, plasmids are often engineered into delivery vectors for target genes, which can be used directly as vaccines or as intermediate products for gene/cell therapy. Plasmid DNA exists in several topological forms such as supercoiled, linear, and open circular. As supercoiled plasmid shows the highest efficiency in transfecting eukaryotic cells, the content of supercoiled plasmids becomes an important indicator of plasmid quality. CGE is an effective analysis method for separating different topological structures of plasmids. For the purpose of providing plasmid manufacturers and regulatory agencies with an efficient and readily used tool for monitoring the quality of plasmids, this article identifies the optimal separation and detection conditions of CGE, presents a platform‐based plasmid analytical method, and uses plasmid of different sizes to verify the feasibility of this method. In terms of detector, the LIF detector has obvious advantages over the ultraviolet detector in sensitivity and resolution. Using the optimal CE condition (10× gel buffer), baseline separation of different topological forms and impurities can be achieved for different plasmid sizes (5.9, 7.8, 15.4 kb). In addition, 6.5 kb plasmid was used to compare the different separation technologies such as CGE‐LIF, ion exchange chromatography and agarose gel electrophoresis. The result shows that CGE‐LIF can provide better resolution and quantitation accuracy than ion exchange chromatography and agarose gel electrophoresis. CGE‐LIF, as a quick and convenient method to separate and quantify plasmids, has the advantages of high sensitivity, high resolution, and high quantitative accuracy. Therefore, it is ideal for analysis of plasmids with different sizes, and it can also be used as a platform method for manufacturers and regulatory agencies to monitor the purity and stability of plasmids.
Cloud healthcare services: A comprehensive and systematic literature review
Authors: Rahimi Morteza , Navimipour Nima Jafari , Hosseinzadeh Mehdi , Moattar Mohammad Hossein , Darwesh Aso 
Published: March 2022

AbstractOver the last decade, the landscape of cloud computing has been significantly changed. It has been known as a paradigm in which a shared pool of computing resources is accessible for users. The rapid growth of the healthcare environment provides better medical services to reduce costs and increase competition among healthcare providers. Despite its crucial role in the cloud, no thorough study exists in this domain. This article presents a systematic study for healthcare services in the cloud environment. A well‐organized overview of all the databases has been explored. By clustering the research goals of the found papers, we have derived four main research groups. We have further evaluated the papers concerning the background of the paper, QoS parameters, application area, or methods used for applying and formulating the main ideas presented in the works. This survey emphasizes the challenges, needs, benefits of using cloud computing in healthcare systems and provides a comprehensive and detailed study on cloud healthcare services, strengths, and weaknesses of the existing methods. Highlighting cloud health services can be the major focus of research for developing the urban healthcare system.
Nowcasting world GDP growth with high‐frequency data
Authors: Jardet Caroline , Meunier Baptiste 
Published: March 2022

AbstractAlthough the Covid‐19 crisis has shown how high‐frequency data can help track the economy in real time, we investigate whether it can improve the nowcasting accuracy of world GDP growth. To this end, we build a large dataset of 718 monthly and 255 weekly series. Our approach builds on a Factor‐Augmented MIxed DAta Sampling (FA‐MIDAS), which we extend with a preselection of variables. We find that this preselection markedly enhances performances. This approach also outperforms a LASSO‐MIDAS—another technique for dimension reduction in a mixed‐frequency setting. Though we find that a FA‐MIDAS with weekly data outperform other models relying on monthly or quarterly data, we also point to asymmetries. Models with weekly data have indeed performances similar to other models during “normal” times but can strongly outperform them during “crisis” episodes, above all the Covid‐19 period. Finally, we build a nowcasting model for world GDP annual growth incorporating weekly data that give timely (one per week) and accurate forecasts (close to IMF and OECD projections but with 1‐ to 3‐month lead). Policy‐wise, this can provide an alternative benchmark for world GDP growth during crisis episodes when sudden swings in the economy make usual benchmark projections (IMF's or OECD's) quickly outdated.
Effect of steam explosion pretreatment on the composition and bioactive characteristic of phenolic compounds in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Hangbaiju powder with various sieve fractions
Authors: Song Gongshuai , Liu Jiayuan , Shui Ruofan , Sun Jiachen , Weng Qian , Qiu Shaoping , Wang Danli , Liu Shiwang , Xiao Gongnian , Chen Xi , Shen Qing , Gong Jinyan , Zheng Fuping 
Published: March 2022

AbstractSteam explosion (SE) pretreatment is an efficient technique to promote the fiber degradation and disrupt materials' cell wall. In this study, the effect of SE pretreatment on the changes in phenolic profile, and the in vitro digestion property of a Chinese indigenous herb “Hangbaiju” (HBJ) powder with various sieve fractions (150‐, 180‐, 250‐, 425‐, and 850‐μm sieves) were studied. After SE pretreatment, the morphological structure, color attributes, and composition of phenolic compounds were altered significantly (p < .05). The composition and content of phenolic compounds were strongly correlated with particle sizes. The higher extraction yield of phenolic compounds was reached in the intermediate sieve fraction (ca. 250‐μm sieves). During in vitro digestion, the changes in phenolic compounds were significant due to the transition from an acidic to the alkaline environment (p < .05). Based on the multivariate statistical analysis, apigenin‐7‐O‐glucoside, luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside, and linarin, were viewed as the characteristic compounds among various samples. The results highlighted that the phytochemical properties mainly including the composition of phenolic compounds, and in vitro digestion properties of HBJ powder with intermediate sieve fraction could be improved after SE pretreatment.
Age‐dependent white matter disruptions after military traumatic brain injury: Multivariate analysis results from ENIGMA brain injury
Authors: Bouchard Heather C. , Sun Delin , Dennis Emily L. , Newsome Mary R. , Disner Seth G. , Elman Jeremy , Silva Annelise , Velez Carmen , Irimia Andrei , Davenport Nicholas D. , Sponheim Scott R. , Franz Carol E. , Kremen William S. , Coleman Michael J. , Williams M. Wright , Geuze Elbert , Koerte Inga K. , Shenton Martha E. , Adamson Maheen M. , Coimbra Raul , Grant Gerald , Shutter Lori , George Mark S. , Zafonte Ross D. , McAllister Thomas W. , Stein Murray B. , Thompson Paul M. , Wilde Elisabeth A. , Tate David F. , Sotiras Aristeidis , Morey Rajendra A. 
Published: March 2022

AbstractMild Traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a signature wound in military personnel, and repetitive mTBI has been linked to age‐related neurogenerative disorders that affect white matter (WM) in the brain. However, findings of injury to specific WM tracts have been variable and inconsistent. This may be due to the heterogeneity of mechanisms, etiology, and comorbid disorders related to mTBI. Non‐negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a data‐driven approach that detects covarying patterns (components) within high‐dimensional data. We applied NMF to diffusion imaging data from military Veterans with and without a self‐reported TBI history. NMF identified 12 independent components derived from fractional anisotropy (FA) in a large dataset (n = 1,475) gathered through the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis) Military Brain Injury working group. Regressions were used to examine TBI‐ and mTBI‐related associations in NMF‐derived components while adjusting for age, sex, post‐traumatic stress disorder, depression, and data acquisition site/scanner. We found significantly stronger age‐dependent effects of lower FA in Veterans with TBI than Veterans without in four components (q < 0.05), which are spatially unconstrained by traditionally defined WM tracts. One component, occupying the most peripheral location, exhibited significantly stronger age‐dependent differences in Veterans with mTBI. We found NMF to be powerful and effective in detecting covarying patterns of FA associated with mTBI by applying standard parametric regression modeling. Our results highlight patterns of WM alteration that are differentially affected by TBI and mTBI in younger compared to older military Veterans.