bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chirality Discrimination at Binary Organic|Water Interfaces Monitored by Interfacial Tension Measurements with Preliminary Comparison with Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Yang Yanqing , Sun Xiaoyu , Reza Poopari Mohammad , Jian Cuiying , Zeng Hongbo , Tang Tian , Xu Yunjie 
Published: September 2022

AbstractChirality discrimination at a binary toluene (organic)/water(aqueous) interface between R‐ or S‐Tol‐BINAP (2,2′‐Bis(di‐p‐tolylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl) molecules and the water‐soluble serine chiral specie is examined for the first time, using a combination of interfacial tension measurements and molecular dynamic simulations. Experimental interfacial measurements exhibit a clear chirality‐controlled difference when a homochiral versus a heterochiral enantiomeric pairs are introduced at the interfaces. The related molecular dynamics simulations support the experimental results and provide further molecular insight of intermolecular interactions at the interfaces. The results indicate that interfacial tension measurements can capture the preferential interactions which exist between different pairs of enantiomers at the binary interfaces, opening up a new way for probing chirality discrimination at liquid‐liquid interfaces.
Erdős–Pósa property of obstructions to interval graphs
Authors: Agrawal Akanksha , Lokshtanov Daniel , Misra Pranabendu , Saurabh Saket , Zehavi Meirav 
Published: September 2022

AbstractA class of graphs admits the Erdős–Pósa property if for any graph , either has vertex‐disjoint “copies” of the graphs in , or there is a set of vertices that intersects all copies of the graphs in . For any graph class , it is natural to ask whether the family of obstructions to has the Erdős–Pósa property. In this paper, we prove that the family of obstructions to interval graphs—namely, the family of chordless cycles and asteroidal witnesses (AWs)—admits the Erdős–Pósa property. In turn, this yields an algorithm to decide whether a given graph has vertex‐disjoint AWs and chordless cycles, or there exists a set of vertices in that hits all AWs and chordless cycles.
Non‐communicable diseases by age strata in people living with and without HIV in four African countries
Authors: Chang David , Esber Allahna L. , Dear Nicole F. , Iroezindu Michael , Bahemana Emmanuel , Kibuuka Hannah , Owuoth John , Maswai Jonah , Crowell Trevor A. , Polyak Christina S. , Cavanaugh Joseph S. , Ake Julie A. , Godfrey Catherine ,   the AFRICOS Study Group
Published: September 2022

AbstractIntroductionNon‐communicable diseases (NCDs) are an important driver of morbidity among ageing people living with HIV (PLWH). We examined the composite role of age and HIV status on NCDs in people living with and without HIV.MethodsThe African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) prospectively enrols participants aged ≥15 years with and without HIV at 12 sites in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Nigeria. From 21 January 2013 to 1 September 2021, we assessed participants for renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/minute/1.73 m2), elevated blood pressure (BP) (any systolic BP >139 mmHg or diastolic BP >89 mmHg), obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m2), diabetes mellitus (DM) (fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl or antidiabetic medication) and dysglycemia (fasting glucose ≥99 mg/dl or non‐fasting ≥199 mg/dl). Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with each NCD. The main exposure of interest was a composite of HIV status and age dichotomized around 50 years. All models were adjusted for study site and sex. The renal insufficiency model was additionally adjusted for elevated BP and dysglycemia.Results and discussionOf 3761 participants with age data, 557 (14.8%) were age ≥50, 2188 (58.2%) were females and 3099 (82.4%) were PLWH. At enrolment, the prevalence of elevated BP, dysglycemia, renal insufficiency and obesity were n = 128 (26.9%), n = 75 (15.8%), n = 8 (1.7%) and n = 40 (8.4%), respectively, for PLWH ≥50. Compared to people without HIV age <50, PLWH age ≥50 had increased adjusted odds of having DM (OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.49–5.16), dysglycemia (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.51–2.61) and renal insufficiency (OR: 6.20, 95% CI: 2.31–16.66). There were significant differences by study site, specifically, participants from Nigeria had the highest odds of elevated BP, dysglycemia and renal insufficiency as compared to Uganda.ConclusionsThere was a high burden of NCDs in this African cohort with differences by geographic region. In order to promote healthy ageing with HIV, screening and treatment for common NCDs should be incorporated into routine HIV care with attention paid to geographic heterogeneity to better allocate resources.
A holistic evaluation of the influence of shear rates and matrix viscosity on the properties of polypropylene/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes composites
Authors: Lei Xue , Liang Mei , Zou Huawei , Zhou Shengtai 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIn this work, a comparative study on the electrical, morphological, and thermal properties of polypropylene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PP/CNT) composites which were prepared by three different processing methods, such as compression molding (CM, shear rate: ~0 s−1), conventional injection molding (CIM, shear rate: ~102 s−1), and microinjection molding (μIM, shear rate: ~105 s−1), was reported. The difference in shear rates among these processing methods and matrix viscosity would significantly affect the state of filler distribution, thereby determining the properties of subsequent moldings. Electrical conductivity results showed that the percolation threshold of PP/CNT moldings followed a trend of μIM > CIM > CM. A higher degree of CNT orientation and a better filler distribution were achieved under the influence of higher shearing conditions, as corroborated by scanning electron microscope observations and Raman spectral analysis. Moreover, increasing filler concentrations played a positive role in improving the thermal stability of PP/CNT composites and the formation of CNT network was believed to be a contributing factor.
Case report: Filamin A mutation lung disease recognized in an 11‐year‐old child
Authors: West Tahira , Williamson Nikita , Akhter Javeed 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe loss of function (LOF) due to mutations in the Filamin A (FLNA) gene may result in abnormality of the FLNA protein. Of the many clinical syndromes, this condition may produce chronic lung disease, which usually presents and is diagnosed in the infant/toddler age group. Its clinical pattern may mimic broncho‐pulmonary dysplasia. It is part of the entities included in childhood interstitial lung disease group of disorders. We are herein reporting a patient that was diagnosed with FLNA‐associated lung disease at 11 years of age. This case provides a unique insight into the long‐term course of lung disease in this illness and broadens our understanding of the spectrum of its presentation. Although the patient had symptoms early in life, the diagnosis was not entertained because of the rarity of the disorder, its atypical and clinically mild presentation, and discontinuous care due to parents moving to different cities for employment reasons. Her presentation to our institution was for pneumonia. Due to highly unusual chest X‐ray images, asthenia, and early clubbing, an extensive workup included further imaging and a lung biopsy. The final diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of FLNA LOF gene mutation.
The socio‐economic impact of mitigating the challenges at the artisanal palm oil mills in Ghana
Authors: Sarpong Frederick , Dery Eric Kuuna , Danso Isaac , Oduro‐Yeboah Charlotte 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThere has been tremendous demand for palm oil globally due to it varied used in the food, biofuel, and oleochemicals. Ghana is a net importer of palm oil despite producing some best yielding varieties. This is ascribed to operation of palm oil artisanal mills, which account for close to 80% of palm oil production. Artisans are bedeviled with enormous challenges in their processing activities but possess the key of increasing palm oil production by 6%, which is translated into 210,800 tons per annum. This review, being mindful of net importation reduction, focused on the efforts in addressing some of challenges at the artisanal mills in Ghana to achieving some sustainable development goals (SDGs) and placing emphasis on the social‐economic impact. An average free fatty acid and oil extraction ratio for Ghana was 15.55% and 9.55%, respectively. This paper revealed that through policy, research and extension service most of these challenges could be mitigated. Top among the challenge facing artisans were oil extraction ratio and quality of oil production, which demonstrated a positive correlation with a better access to premium market and working conditions, an increase in income and purchasing power, achieving food and energy security and prevention of ecosystem depletion.
Field Assessment—Survey Protocols and Data Collection
Authors: Floris Antonio , Di Cosmo Lucio , Rizzo Maria , Patrone Amato 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe INFC2015 field campaign surveyed almost 9000 sample points and assessed and measured a relevant number of variables. This chapter describes the procedures adopted to retrieve the sample points marked in the previous NFI (INFC2005) and to reach and mark sample points never located before on the ground. The chapter also describes the protocol used for classifying and measuring the variables, either at a stand level or a single item level as well as the relevant sample unit (point or plot) for measuring each variable. Some sections of the chapter describe the electronic devices and procedures used for storing the field data and sending them to the central database. It also details the way in which crews were supported remotely and the way data quality assurance was applied during the campaign, both in the field and from a distance.
Biodiversity and Protected Wooded Lands
Authors: Di Cosmo Lucio , Floris Antonio 
Published: September 2022

AbstractThe importance of forests for their functions other than timber and wood production has dramatically increased in the last decades with the increased awareness of the risks deriving from deforestation and the acknowledgment of the great amount of goods and benefits forests provide. Consequently, national forest inventories have widened their objectives and nowadays include variables related to environmental aspects. Among these aspects, biodiversity plays a key role for forest ecosystems’ adaptation to climate change. This chapter details the INFC2015 estimates regarding tree species diversity. It also shows the estimates on the naturalness of the stands’ regeneration processes and those on the presence and type of deadwood in forests. In addition to carbon storage, standing dead trees, stumps and lying deadwood also have a great potential for biodiversity. Forest protection is also pursued through laws and policies that allow for the creation of protected areas of various type and protection degree. The main inventory statistics on wooded lands in protected areas are given in the last section of this chapter.
Outdoor Education
Authors: Fang Wei-Ta , Hassan Arba’at , LePage Ben A. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractEnvironmental Education (EE) promotes the complex interrelationships between humanculture and ecosystems. Due to the political nature of environmental decision-making, the field of Environmental Education faces many disputes. For example: What is the correct definition and purpose of environmental education? Should the curriculum include environmental values and ethics, as well as ecological and economicconcepts and skills? What is the role of student environmental action in correcting environmental problems? What is the appropriate role for teachers in developing curricula on environmental education? At what age students should understand environmental issues? What types of Environmental Education should urban, suburban, and rural youth receive? What technology can be used to slow ecological damage? Among these problems, Outdoor Education and Environmental Education also face the problems mentioned above. Due to the political factors of human environmental decision-making, Outdoor Education and Environmental Education have been in an undefined state. Educators continually devise better ways to expand the definition of outdoor education to improve the philosophy and practical work of outdoor education. Outdoor education includes eartheducation, bio-regional education, expeditionlearning and expansion training, ecologicaleducation, natural awareness, naturalexperience, local-based teaching and education, and the use of environmental materials as learning to integrate the localenvironment.
Dynamical Minimal Flavour Violating inverse seesaw
Authors: Arias-Aragón Fernando , Martínez Enrique Fernández , González-López Manuel , Merlo Luca 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The Inverse Seesaw mechanism is dynamically realised within the Minimal Lepton Flavour Violation context. Lepton number, whose breaking is spontaneously realised, is generalised to a global Abelian factor of the whole flavour symmetry, that also plays the role of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry. The associated Goldstone boson is a Majoraxion that solves the Strong CP problem and represents a Dark Matter candidate.Three distinct scenarios are identified in terms of flavour symmetry and transformation properties of the exotic neutral leptons that enrich the Standard Model spectrum. The associated phenomenology is studied, focusing on the deviations from unitarity of the PMNS mixing matrix. The strongest constraints arise from the determination of the number of active neutrinos through the invisible width of the Z, the comparison of the measured W boson mass with its prediction in terms of the Fermi constant from muon decay, and the null searches for the radiative rare muon decay and μ → e conversion in nuclei. The heavy neutral leptons may have masses of a few TeV, leaving open the possibility for a direct detection at future colliders.The impact of the recent measurement of the W mass at the CDF II detector has also been considered, which, in one of the scenarios, points to a sharp prediction for the masses of the heavy neutral leptons at about 2 − 3 TeV.
Overall Survival in Patients with Stage IV Pan‐NET Eligible for Liver Transplantation
Authors: Kjaer Josefine , Smith Sara , Hellman Per , Stålberg Peter , Crona Joakim , Welin Staffan , Norlén Olov 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe use of liver transplantation (LT) in patients with stage IV neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors (pan‐NET) is under debate. Previous studies report a 5‐year survival of 27–53% after LT in pan‐NET and up to 92.7% in patients with mixed NETs. This study aimed to determine survival rates of patients with stage IV pan‐NET meeting criteria for LT while only subjected to multimodal treatment.MethodsMedical records of patients with pan‐NET diagnosed from 2000 to 2021 at a tertiary referral center were evaluated for eligibility. Patients without liver metastases, who did not undergo primary tumor surgery, age > 75 years and with grade 3 tumors were excluded. The patients were divided into groups; all included patients, patients meeting the Milan, the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) or the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) criteria for LT. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to calculate overall survival.ResultsOut of 519 patients with pan‐NET, 41 patients were included. Mean follow‐up time was 5.4 years. Overall survival was 9.3 years (95% Cl 6.8–11.7), and 5‐year survival was 64.7% (95% CI 48.2–81.2). Patients meeting the Milan, ENETS and UNOS criteria for LT had a 5‐year survival of 64.9% (95% CI 32.2–97.6), 85.7% (95% CI 59.8–100.0) and 55.4% (95% CI 26.0–84.8), respectively.ConclusionsIn patients with stage IV pan‐NET, grade 1 and 2, with no extra abdominal disease, 5‐year survival was 64.7% (95% CI 48.2–81.2). As these survival rates exceed previously published series of LT for pan‐NET, the evidence base for this treatment is very weak.
Systematic Review of the Association Between Trauma Severity and Postinjury Symptoms of Depression
Authors: Versluijs Yvonne , van Ravens Thomas W. , Krijnen Pieta , Ring David , Schipper Inger B. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractBackgroundGreater symptoms of depression are associated with greater symptom intensity during recovery from musculoskeletal injury. It is not clear that more severe trauma is associated with greater symptoms of depression as one might expect. The goal of this study was to systematically review the existing evidence regarding the association of Injury Severity Score (ISS) with symptoms of depression during recovery from musculoskeletal injury.MethodsTwo independent reviewers used PubMed and Embase to identify studies that measured both ISS and symptoms of depression. Among the 17 studies satisfying inclusion criteria, 5 studies assessed the correlation of symptoms of depression and ISS on their continuum; 3 studies compared the mean of symptoms of depression for people above and below a specific ISS level; five compared mean ISS above and below a threshold level of symptoms of depression; and four compared dichotomized ISS and dichotomized depression. Four of the 17 evaluated factors associated with symptoms of depression in multivariable analysis.ResultsIn bivariate analysis, 12 of 17 studies (71%) found no association between ISS level and symptoms of depression. Three studies found a bivariate association that did not persist in multivariable analysis. Two studies reported slight associations in bivariate analysis, but did not perform multivariable analysis.ConclusionsThe knowledge that symptoms of depression are common during recovery, in combination with the finding of this review that they have little or no relationship with injury severity, directs clinicians to anticipate and address mental health during recovery from physical trauma of any severity.
High expression of cuproptosis-related gene FDX1 in relation to good prognosis and immune cells infiltration in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD)
Authors: Wang Lizong , Cao Yi , Guo Wei , Xu Jingyun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Cuproptosis induced by FDX1 is a newly discovered mechanism regulating cell death. However, the role of FDX1 in the pathogenesis of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains to be studied.

Methods
FDX1 expression was analyzed with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Association between FDX1 expression and COAD prognosis was investigated via the Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival curve. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of FDX1 were screened with R packages and the PPI were constructed via STRING database. Cytoscape software was used to detect the most profound modules in the PPIs network. CancerSEA database was used to analyze the effect of FDX1 expression levels on different functional status of COAD cells. The relationship between FDX1 expression and immune infiltration of COAD was analyzed by TIMER2.0 database. The COAD patients with high expression of FDX1 by Western blot, and the levels of immune infiltration were measured by flow cytometry.

Results
FDX1 was low expressed in most cancers, such as BRCA, KICH, and COAD. The overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of COAD with high FDX1 expression were better than that of the low expression group. GO-KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that FDX1 and its co-expressed genes played an important role in the pathogenesis of COAD. Moreover, FDX1 expression in COAD were positively associated with “quiescence” and “inflammation” but negatively correlated with “invasion”. FDX1 expression was positively correlated with infiltration levels of CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and neutrophils. Oppositely, FDX1 expression was negatively correlated with that of CD4+ T cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Finally, 6 COAD patients with high expression of FDX1 were screened, and the proportion of CD8+ T cells in cancer tissues of these patients was significantly higher than that in paracancerous, while the CD4+ T cells presented the opposite pattern.

Conclusion
FDX1 plays a role in inducing cuproptosis and modulating tumor immunity, which could be considered as potential therapeutic targets in COAD.
Lonely Points in Simplices
Authors: Jaroschek Maximilian , Kauers Manuel , Kovács Laura 
Published: September 2022

AbstractGiven a lattice $$L\subseteq \mathbb Z^m$$

L
⊆

Z
m

and a subset $$A\subseteq \mathbb R^m$$

A
⊆

R
m

, we say that a point in A is lonely if it is not equivalent modulo $$L$$
L
to another point of A. We are interested in identifying lonely points for specific choices of $$L$$
L
when A is a dilated standard simplex, and in conditions on $$L$$
L
which ensure that the number of lonely points is unbounded as the simplex dilation goes to infinity.
A multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for differentiation of classical and variant II strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus
Authors: Ameen Sara M. , Adel Amany , Selim Abdullah , Magouz Asmaa , AboElKhair Mohammed , Bazid AbdelHamid H. 
Published: September 2022

AbstractIdentification of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) genotypes is essential for controlling infectious bronchitis (IB) disease, because vaccines that differ from the circulating strains might not provide efficient cross-protection. In Egypt, IBV strain typing is a difficult process, due to the widespread distribution of four genotype lineages (GI-13, GI-23, GI-1, and GI-16), which may contribute to IBV vaccination failure. In this study, we developed a multiplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mRT-qPCR) assay that targets highly conserved areas of the S1 gene in order to detect classical (G1) and Egyptian variant II (G23) strains in allantoic fluids and clinical samples. The viral genotyping technique was assessed using commercially available vaccines as well as local strains, and 16 field isolates were tested to investigate its clinical applicability. The assay was found to be specific for the detection of classical and VAR II strains and did not detect the VAR I strain or other avian pathogens such as Newcastle disease virus, avian influenza virus (H9N2 and H5N8), or infectious bursal disease virus. The results also showed that 28 out of 41 samples tested positive for IBV utilizing rt-qRT-PCR targeting the N gene and that 26 out of the 28 positive samples were genotyped by mRT-qPCR targeting the S1 gene, whereas the remaining two samples that were not genotyped were VAR 1 (4/91) and VAR I (793/B). Interestingly, the testing could identify combined infections in one sample, indicating a mixed infection with both genotypes. The real-time RT-PCR assay could detect viral RNA at concentrations as low as 102 EID50 /ml for both classical and variant II. This assay is rapid, specific, and sensitive. It appears to be a valuable tool for regular disease monitoring that can be used to differentiate as well as identify viruses.