bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear capacity and lateral stiffness of composite plate shear walls‐concrete encased under cyclic loading
Authors: Wang Huafei , Gu Qiang , Qi Yi 
Published: June 2022

SummaryComposite plate shear walls‐concrete encased (C‐PSW/CE), consisting of the steel plates and concrete encasements on one or both sides of the plate, are an excellent lateral force resisting system. This paper theoretically and numerically reveals the shear resisting mechanism of C‐PSW/CE under cyclic loading. The steel web resists the lateral force through in‐plane shear before buckling, and the concrete encasements resist lateral force by diagonal compression field action. As the displacement increases, the shear force ratio of the steel web plate increases before yielding in shear and that of concrete encasements reduces. The shear force ratios of the steel web plate and concrete encasements remain essentially constant after yielding of the steel web. Considering the shear contribution of the concrete encasements, the formula is proposed to evaluate the shear capacity of C‐PSW/CE. Based on the principle of virtual work, the equation is proposed to predict the lateral stiffness of C‐PSW/CE under cyclic loading, accounting for the concrete deterioration due to cyclic effect.
Inhibition of the Nrf2 signaling pathway involved in imidacloprid‐induced liver fibrosis in Coturnix japonica
Authors: Deng Ning , Lv Yueying , Bing Qizheng , Li Siyu , Han Bing , Jiang Huijie , Yang Qingyue , Wang Xiaoqiao , Wu Pengfei , Liu Yan , Zhang Zhigang 
Published: June 2022

AbstractImidacloprid (IMI) is a kind of widely used neonicotinoid insecticide. However, the toxicity of IMI is not only applied to target pests but also causes serious negative effects on birds and other creatures. Our previous studies have shown that long‐term exposure to IMI can induce liver fibrosis in quails. However, the specific mechanism of quail liver fibrosis induced by IMI is not completely clear. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to further clarify the potential molecular mechanism of IMI‐induced liver fibrosis in quails. Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) were treated with/without IMI (intragastric administration with 6 mg/kg body weight) in the presence/absence of luteolin (Lut) (fed with 800 mg/kg) for 90 days. The results reveal that IMI can induce hepatic fibrosis, oxidative stress, fatty degeneration, inflammation, and the down‐expression of nuclear factor‐E2‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2). Furthermore, the treatment of Lut, a kind of Nrf2 activator, increased the expression of Nrf2 in livers and alleviated liver fibrosis in quails. Altogether, our study demonstrates that inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway is the key to liver fibrosis induced by IMI in quails. These results provide a new understanding for the study of the toxicity of IMI and a practical basis for the treatment of liver fibrosis caused by IMI.
Expert visual assessment strategies for equine lameness examinations in a straight line and circle: A mixed methods study using eye tracking
Authors: Starke Sandra D. , May Stephen A. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundA large number of lameness indicators have been suggested for the visual equine lameness assessment. However, it remains unknown which of these are commonly used by experts.MethodsTwenty‐four expert lameness assessors from 10 leading UK institutions viewed 28 video clips of sound and mildly lame horses (median score 2/10). Horses were shown at trot in a straight line (rear and front view) and circle (side view, left and right rein). Eye tracking data were collected at 60 Hz while participants evaluated each clip. A questionnaire captured contextual information.ResultsDuring assessment on the straight line, participants consistently looked mostly at the head and pelvis. On the circle, many participants consistently looked at the head, yet the subsequent choice, weighting and order of examined body regions was unsystematic between and within participants, and there was a bias towards prolonged assessment of the horse's front region. Questionnaires revealed different descriptions of lameness indicators for the same body region and different approaches to decision making under uncertainty.ConclusionIn contrast to reasonably high similarity on the straight line, expert veterinarians have not developed a consistent assessment approach when evaluating horses on the circle. The reliability of various lameness indicators on the circle requires a stronger evidence base for a more systematic, repeatable approach.
Genetic analysis of the effects of heat stress before and after lambing on pre‐weaning live weight in Spanish Merino lambs
Authors: Molina Antonio , Demyda‐Peyrás Sebastián , Sánchez Manuel , Serradilla Juan M. , Menéndez‐Buxadera Alberto 
Published: June 2022

AbstractBackgroundHeat stress (HS) is a major environmental effect on sheep production. Hereby, we estimated the genetic (co)variance component of HS on the pre‐weaning performance of 19,022 Merino lambs by analysing the climatological index of temperature and relative humidity (recorded 30 days before lambing and after lambing) using transversal and longitudinal mixed linear models.Methods and ResultsThe global impact of HS during the last 30 days of pregnancy was −17% for birthweight and ranged between −4% and −8% for live weight at 15, 30 days of age (W30), and average daily gain from birth at 30 days. The results from both statistical approaches showed very similar heritabilities (h2), ranging from 0.192 to 0.237 for the direct genetic (D) effects and from 0.072 to 0.082 for the maternal genetic (M) effects, but the antagonism between (D) and (M) was higher when a longitudinal model was used. A significant genotype‐environmental effect was also found regardless of whether the climatological covariables were considered in the model. In addition, we employed D and M breeding values for W30 as an example to create a new subjacent index by first using a principal component analysis and employing the leading eigenvalues as a weighted factor that provides the information needed to identify those genotypes that maximise the response for both genetic effects over a wide range of climate–environment levels.ConclusionsOur study revealed that the HS indexes of the mother during the gestation period have a significant effect on the growth of the lambs during the early stages of life.
Tinnitus assessment: Chinese version of the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire
Authors: Xin Ying , Tyler Richard , Yao Zi‐Ming , Zhou Na , Xiong Shan , Tao Li‐Yuan , Ma Fu‐Rong , Pan Tao 
Published: June 2022

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the Chinese Version of the Tinnitus Primary Function Questionnaire (TPFQ).MethodsOne hundred and sixteen patients who had been suffering from tinnitus for over 3 months were included in this study. Those tinnitus patients were administered the TPFQ, the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Additionally, the magnitude estimate of tinnitus loudness, pure tone audiogram, and tinnitus matching was obtained. The factor structure was measured using the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test. The internal consistency was examined using Cronbach's α coefficient. The relationships between the TPFQ scores and other measurements were compared using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.ResultsThe Cronbach's α of the 20‐item version of TPFQ was 0.94, and that of the 12‐item version of TPFQ was 0.92. Both the 20‐ and 12‐item versions of TPFQ were significantly correlated with magnitude estimation of tinnitus loudness, THI, PSQI, BDI, and BAI. The average pure tone hearing threshold was significantly correlated with the hearing subscale.ConclusionThe 20‐ and 12‐item Chinese versions of TPFQ are reliable and valid measures of tinnitus. The TPFQ can be applied to the assessment and management of tinnitus among the Chinese‐speaking population.
NLO QCD and EW corrections to vector-boson scattering into W+W− at the LHC
Authors: Denner Ansgar , Franken Robert , Schmidt Timo , Schwan Christopher 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present the full next-to-leading-order electroweak and QCD corrections to vector-boson scattering into a pair of off-shell opposite-sign W bosons decaying into leptons of different flavour at the LHC. We include full leading-order predictions for the irreducible background. Explicitly, we investigate the process pp → e+νeμ−$$ \overline{\nu} $$

ν
¯

μjj + X at leading orders $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(α6), $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(αsα5), $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_{\mathrm{s}}^2 $$

α
s
2

α4), supplemented by the loop-induced $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_{\mathrm{s}}^4 $$

α
s
4

α4) contribution, and at next-to-leading orders $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(α7)and $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(αsα6) in two setups providing fiducial cross sections as well as differential distributions. We take full account of photon-induced next-to-leading-order contributions, which prove to be non negligible. With −11.4% and −6.7% in the two setups, the electroweak corrections are smaller than for other vector-boson-scattering processes. This can be traced back to the presence of the Higgs-boson resonance in the fiducial phase space, whose effects we analyse within an additional unphysical, but manifestly gauge-invariant setup. The QCD corrections amount to −5.1% and −21.6% in the two setups. The large size of the latter correction, compared to other vector-boson scattering processes, is explained by a very restrictive definition of its fiducial phase space.
OPE statistics from higher-point crossing
Authors: Anous Tarek , Belin Alexandre , de Boer Jan , Liska Diego 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We present new asymptotic formulas for the distribution of OPE coefficients in conformal field theories. These formulas involve products of four or more coefficients and include light-light-heavy as well as heavy-heavy-heavy contributions. They are derived from crossing symmetry of the six and higher point functions on the plane and should be interpreted as non-Gaussianities in the statistical distribution of the OPE coefficients. We begin with a formula for arbitrary operator exchanges (not necessarily primary) valid in any dimension. This is the first asymptotic formula constraining heavy-heavy-heavy OPE coefficients in d > 2. For two-dimensional CFTs, we present refined asymptotic formulas stemming from exchanges of quasi-primaries as well as Virasoro primaries.
Semiclassical analysis of axion-assisted and axion-driven pair production
Authors: Kitamoto Hiroyuki , Yamada Masaki 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
We study the pair production of fermions in a time dependent axion background with and without an electric background. We construct the adiabatic mode functions which incorporate the gauge field and the axion velocity dependence of the dispersion relation. The semiclassical approach using this adiabatic basis shows two types of pair production. One is axion-assisted pair production: the presence of the axion velocity gives enhancement and interference effects on the pair production driven by the electric field. The other is axion-driven pair production: the time variation of the axion velocity causes the pair production even though the electric field is absent.
The combination of metabolic syndrome and inflammation increased the risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Tong , Fan Yali , Zhang Qingsong , Wang Yiming , Yao Nan , Song Mengmeng , Zhang Qi , Cao Liying , Song Chunhua , Shi Hanping 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Background
Inflammation and metabolic syndrome (MetS) may act synergistically and possibly accelerate the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). We prospectively examined the joint effect of MetS and inflammation on the risk of CRC.

Methods
We studied 92,770 individuals from the Kailuan study. MetS was defined based on the presence of three or more of the following components. (1) high glucose: FPG > 5.6 mmol/L; (2) high blood pressure: SBP ≥ 130 mmHg or DBP ≥ 85 mmHg; (3) high triglycerides: triglycerides > 1.69 mmol/L; (4) low HDL-C: HDL-C < 1.04 mmol/L in men or 1.29 mmol/L in women; and (5) visceral adiposity: waist circumference ≥ 85 cm in men or 80 cm in women. Inflammation was defined as hs-CRP ≥ 3 mg/L. We divided participants into four groups for the primary exposure according to the presence/absence of inflammation and presence/absence of MetS. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association of MetS and/or inflammation with the risk of CRC.

Results
Compared with metabolically healthy noninflammatory individuals, inflammatory participants without MetS and inflammatory participants with MetS were associated with a 1.3-fold and 4.18-fold increased risk of CRC with corresponding HRs (95% CI) of 1.34 (1.09, 1.64) and 4.18 (3.11, 5.62), respectively. The combination of MetS and inflammation was associated with the highest risk of CRC in all subgroups, especially among participants who were female, in younger age, and obese. Sensitivity analyses further validated our primary findings.

Conclusions
We found the combination of MetS and inflammation could significantly increase the risk of CRC. Including CRP in the diagnosis of MetS may help to identify additional high-risk participants who should be targeted for early diagnosis and prevention of CRC.
Trial registration Kailuan study, ChiCTR–TNRC–11001489. Registered 24 August, 2011-Retrospectively registered, http:// www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=8050
Umbilical cord blood DNA methylation in children who later develop type 1 diabetes
Authors: Laajala Essi , Kalim Ubaid Ullah , Grönroos Toni , Rasool Omid , Halla-aho Viivi , Konki Mikko , Kattelus Roosa , Mykkänen Juha , Nurmio Mirja , Vähä-Mäkilä Mari , Kallionpää Henna , Lietzén Niina , Ghimire Bishwa R. , Laiho Asta , Hyöty Heikki , Elo Laura L. , Ilonen Jorma , Knip Mikael , Lund Riikka J. , Orešič Matej , Veijola Riitta , Lähdesmäki Harri , Toppari Jorma , Lahesmaa Riitta 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Distinct DNA methylation patterns have recently been observed to precede type 1 diabetes in whole blood collected from young children. Our aim was to determine whether perinatal DNA methylation is associated with later progression to type 1 diabetes.

Methods
Reduced representation bisulphite sequencing (RRBS) analysis was performed on umbilical cord blood samples collected within the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) Study. Children later diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and/or who tested positive for multiple islet autoantibodies (n = 43) were compared with control individuals (n = 79) who remained autoantibody-negative throughout the DIPP follow-up until 15 years of age. Potential confounding factors related to the pregnancy and the mother were included in the analysis.

Results
No differences in the umbilical cord blood methylation patterns were observed between the cases and controls at a false discovery rate <0.05.

Conclusions/interpretation
Based on our results, differences between children who progress to type 1 diabetes and those who remain healthy throughout childhood are not yet present in the perinatal DNA methylome. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that such differences would be found in a larger dataset.

Graphical abstract
Towards intentional aesthetics within topology optimization by applying the principle of unity-in-variety
Authors: Loos Shannon , Wolk Sytze van der , Graaf Nina de , Hekkert Paul , Wu Jun 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTopology optimization is increasingly applied to design consumer products, for which aesthetics plays an important role to consumer acceptance. In industrial design, it is known that preferences or taste judgement obey certain rules or principles. These principles are not directly quantifiable, but can qualitatively predict and explain aesthetic responses. In this paper, we empirically evaluate whether or not these design principles are effective for increasing the appealingness of topology optimized shapes. Our starting point is an overarching principle known as Unity-in-Variety. Variety stimulates our interests, whilst unity helps us make sense of a design in its entirety. According to this principle, aesthetic appreciation is maximized when a balance in unity and variety is attained. Since designs from topology optimization often exhibit remarkable complexity and variety, we hypothesize that increasing unity is the key to reach a balance and thus to elevate aesthetic appreciation in topology optimization. In our experimental setup, designs from topology optimization were manually post-processed, with the intention to increase unity, by following the “principles of perceptual grouping”, known as Gestalt principles. Our user study shows that in 11 out of the 12 pairs of topology optimized designs and their modified counterparts, the modified designs are perceived by the majority as visually more appealing, confirming our hypothesis. These findings provide a good basis for improving the aesthetic pleasure of topology optimized designs, either manually or ultimately by integrating them in the topology optimization formulation. It is expected that this eventually will contribute to a wider acceptance of topology optimization for consumer product design.
Complications and downsides of the robotic total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Nogalo Christian , Meena Amit , Abermann Elisabeth , Fink Christian 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this systematic review is to describe the complications and downsides of robotic systems in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods
A comprehensive search according to the PRISMA guidelines was performed across PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Google Scholar from inception until December 2021. All articles of any study design directly reporting on complications and downsides of the robotic system in TKA were considered for inclusion. Risk of bias assessment was performed for all included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias and MINORS score.

Results
A total of 21 studies were included, consisting of 4 randomized controlled trials, 7 prospective studies and 10 retrospective studies. Complications of the robotic system were pin-hole fracture, pin-related infection, iatrogenic soft tissue and bony injury, and excessive blood loss. While, downsides were longer operative duration, higher intraoperative cost, learning curve and aborting a robotic TKA due to different reasons. Iatrogenic injuries were more common in the active robotic system and abortion of the robotic TKA was reported only with active robotic TKA.

Conclusion
Robotic TKA is associated with certain advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, surgeons need to be familiar with the system to use it effectively. Widespread adoption of the robotic system should always be evidence-based.

Level of evidence
IV.
Diversity and mechanisms of economic evolution
Authors: Lipieta Agnieszka , Pliś Elżbieta 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn the paper, we examine the relationship between the diversity of a competitive economy and the mechanisms that appear within economic development. We use the concept of transformation of the economic system to analyze innovation in the economy. A properly defined diversity function allows us to measure the diversity of the production system of a given economy as well as to relate the obtained value to certain properties of the mechanisms of economic evolution defined in the Hurwicz conceptual apparatus. We show that innovative mechanisms and eco-mechanisms can increase the diversity of the analyzed economic system. The conclusions are the results of mathematical theorems.
The role of cholesterol binding in the control of cholesterol by the Scap–Insig system
Authors: Lee Anthony G. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractScap and Insig, two proteins embedded in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate the synthesis of cholesterol in animal cells by forming a dimer in the presence of high concentrations of cholesterol. Cryo-electron microscopic structures for the Scap–Insig dimer show a sterol-binding site at the dimer interface, but none of the structures include cholesterol itself. Here, a molecular docking approach developed to characterise cholesterol binding to the transmembrane (TM) regions of membrane proteins is used to characterise cholesterol binding to sites on the TM surface of the dimer and to the interfacial binding site. Binding of cholesterol is also observed at sites on the extra-membranous luminal domains of Scap, but the properties of these sites suggest that they will be unoccupied in vivo. Comparing the structure of Scap in the dimer with that predicted by AlphaFold for monomeric Scap suggests that dimer formation could result in relocation of TM helix 7 of Scap and of the loop between TM6 and 7, and that this could be the key change on Scap that signals that there is a high concentration of cholesterol in the ER.
Proportional topology optimisation with maximum entropy-based meshless method for minimum compliance and stress constrained problems
Authors: Ullah Zahur , Ullah Baseer , Khan Wajid , Siraj-ul-Islam  
Published: June 2022

AbstractIn this paper, proportional topology optimisation (PTO) with maximum entropy (maxent)-based meshless method is presented for two-dimensional linear elastic structures for both minimum compliance (PTOc) and stress constraint (PTOs) problems. The computation of maxent basis functions is efficient as compared to the standard moving least square (MLS) and possesses a weak Kronecker delta property leading to straightforward imposition of Dirichlet boundary conditions. The PTO is a simple, non-gradient, accurate, and efficient method compared to the standard topology optimisation methods. A detailed and efficient implementation of the computational algorithms for both PTOc and PTOs is presented. The maxent basis functions are calculated only once at the start of simulation and used in each optimisation iteration. Young’s modulus for each background cells is calculated using the modified solid isotropic material with penalisation (SIMP) method. A parametric study is also conducted on the degree of proportionality and history dependence of both PTOc and PTOs algorithms. A variety of numerical examples with simple and complex geometries, and structured and unstructured discretisations are presented to show the accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the developed computational algorithms. Both PTOc and PTOs algorithms can handle large topological changes, and provide excellent optimisation convergence characteristics.