bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
"Abiasa" A symbolic expression of the contradictions and conflicts of human life
Authors: Ifrahim Prof. Sagheer Ifrahim 
Published: September 2022

This is well known fact that Ghazanfar is one of the important writers in the field of contemporary Urdu literature. He is multidimensional writer but in this article. I have focused only on his fiction specially novel nigari. He has written nine novels on different topics. He contributed many new things in Urdu novel. He introduced dalit. Discours in Urdu fiction. His novel Divya Bani first novel on dalit problem in Urdu. He also wrote fusun campus novel first time in Urdu. The language of Ghazanfar fiction is also different from his contemporary writers. He language is very creative and also symbolic but his symbols are not difficult and embigus. He has also experimented in form and technic in Urdu novel.
The Problem Of The Origin Of The Urdu Language And The Extent Of The Influence Of The Arabic And Persian Languages On It
Authors: Sadullayev Shahjahan , Abdurahmanova Dr. Muhayya 
Published: September 2022

This article talks about exactly where the Urdu language was born, what stages it went through in its development, the influence of the Arabic and Persian languages and Islamic culture on the Urdu language, and the final scientific conclusions are given.
PERKEMBANGAN PERILAKU ANAK DALAM LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA DI KELURAHAN WARMASEN WAISAI KOTA KABUPATEN RAJA AMPAT
Authors: Watak Skivo Reiner , Mambrasar Ariance Trivena 
Published: September 2022

Pengaruh Lingkungan keluarga sangat besar dalam perkembangan seorang anak, terutama dalam pembentukan perilaku. Dalam observasi awal penulis menemukan bahwa di Kelurahan Warmasen ada sebagian keluarga yang mengalami permasalahan yang berdampak pada perubahan perkembangan perilaku anak yang tadinya baik menjadi buruk. Hal ini yang mendorong penulis untuk meneliti tentang hal ini. Dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut, maka penulis merasa yang penting untuk melakukan penelitian di Kelurahan Warmasen, untuk mengetahui apa saja yang menjadi dampak bagi perkembangan perilaku anak di dalam keluarga. Dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif, yang dimana metode ini dilakukan dengan cara penulis melakukan penelitian secara langsung dengan turun lapangan untuk mengambil data kepada objek yang diteliti. Teknik pengambilan data dengan observasi dan Wawancara. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat populasi sebanyak 261 KK, dengan jumlah L+P sebanyak 572 orang. Sedangkan untuk sampelnya sebanyak 30 orang termasuk didalam adalah hasil observasi dari penulis. Hasil yang didapatkan di tempat penelitian yaitu, Dalam lingkungan keluarga ada orangtua yang mendidik anak mereka dengan baik tetapi juga ada keluarga yang tidak memperhatikan anak-anak mereka dengan baik. Sehingga mengakibatkan perubahan perilaku anak yang tadinya baik menjadi buruk. Oleh sebab itu sebagai orangtua harus menunjukkan sikap dan teladan yang baik didepan anak, karena teladan orangtua dapat menjadi pengaruh besar dalam pertumbuhan anak baik di dalam keluarga, Gereja dan Masyarakat
The Study of Sectional Anatomy of Sheep and Human Brain by Various Staining Methods
Authors: Ramadoss Mukilan , Jessica S. Angelie , Kavimani M. , Prabhu K. , Ramesh P. 
Published: September 2022

Five different staining methods were done on the sheep brain compared and the best method was employed to stain the human brain, Alstons staining method is found to be the best among the five staining method, which shows excellent differentiation of grey and white matter. Alston’s method has low shrinkage percentage and the time taken for this procedure is around 8 hrs 30 min. When compared with the unstained section with the stained section show pronounced grey matter. Learning neuroanatomy with wet brain section is difficult in unstained brain specimens, with the induction of staining method in the nueroanatomical structures will be helpful in differentiating the grey and white matter of brain. With the coronal and axial sections in this study various macroscopic neuroanatomical structures can be studied easily.
The Role of Financial Incentives on Employees’ Performance in Tanzania: A Case of Iringa Municipal Council
Authors: Mfikwa Suzana John , Kisawike Blandina , Golyama Bahati 
Published: September 2022

Employee motivation and reward are common concepts that are widely practised in many organisations. Among such rewards are financial incentives, rewards given to employees as part of an organization’s strategies to boost performance and motivation. While the role of financial incentives on employee performance has widely been investigated in many organisations, not as much research has been done on the same in Tanzania. The present study assessed the role of financial incentives on employees' performance at Iringa Municipal Council in Tanzania. The study employed a quantitative research approach and a randomly selected sample size of 339 employees out of a total population of 2,215 employees at the Council. The collected research data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics like multiple linear regression. The findings revealed a positive but insignificant contribution of financial incentives on employees’ performance in Iringa Municipal Council. For instance, financial incentives contributed to about 52% of the variations in employee performance (β = .529), but the contribution was statistically insignificant (p = .127). This demonstrates that there could be other factors that drive employee performance at Iringa Municipal Council, and different approaches are required to enhance the employee’s performance. The study recommends that further studies should focus on assessing the contribution of incentives to employees’ performance in other types of local government, such as rural and district councils, as well as central government institutions.
Phenotypic Characterization of Fungal Pathogens Associated with the Main Mycoses of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Authors: Domedjui Komi Lucien , Etse Kodjo Djidjolé , Gbogbo Koffi Apeti , Kpemoua Kossi Essotina , Tedihou Ekanao , Pitekelabou Rassimwaï , Bodjona Tchaou B. P. I. , Lare N’pagyendou , Palanga Essowè , Akpagana Koffi 
Published: September 2022

Aims: To study the diversity of fungal pathogens associated with cashew mycoses in Togo.
Study Design: This research project was initiated by the Mycology Research and Applications Unit of the Botany and Plant Ecology Laboratory (LBEV) in order to have adequate information on cashew mycoses in Togo.
Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology (LBEV) of the University of Lome (UL) and of Crop Protection and Biosafety Laboratory of Togolese Institute of Agronomic Research (ITRA), February to August 2020.
Methodology: A total of 148 symptomatic samples (leaves, buds, inflorescences, nuts, and apples) were collected from cashew trees in the East Mono prefecture of Togo. Malt-agar medium supplemented with chloramphenicol at 0.5 g/l was used for the isolation of fungal pathogens. The characterization of these fungal pathogens was carried out from the 7th day based on their macroscopic (texture, color, diameter of growth) and microscopic (hypha, spore, fruiting body) characters.
Results: This study revealed the presence of five mycoses in cashew orchards in the East Mono prefecture. These are leaf anthracnose, bud’s dieback, black rust, leaf yellowing, and powdery mildew. In total, 12 fungal genera were encountered and 14 species of fungal pathogens were identified on all the samples collected: Rhizopus sp., Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., Sporotrichum sp., Fusarium nivale, Fusarium moliniforme, Fusarium moliniforme var. subglutinans, Curvularia lunata, Curvularia geneculata, Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria brassicisola, Beltrania rhombica Penz., Thielavia coactilis Nicot, Helminthosporium avenae, Helminthosporium siccans, Phoma eupyrena, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger.
Conclusion: It would be of great interest to train cashew producers in the East Mono prefecture on the recognition of the symptoms of these mycoses and their management.
Analysis of Roadkill Rates from a Trial of a Virtual Fence for Reducing Wombat Road Mortalities. Are Severely Under-Powered Studies Worth the Effort?
Authors: Candy Steven G. , Englefield Bruce 
Published: September 2022

Aims: Evaluation of the effectiveness of methods of roadkill mitigation requires field experiments and thus experimental designs. We evaluated such a published experiment that used a virtual road-fence (VF) system to attempt to reduce roadkill of bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus) and draw general conclusions on the ability of the implemented design, given overall mean rates of roadkill, to detect a substantial reduction of 50%.
Study Design: The study site consisted of contiguous fenced and unfenced road sections that were each monitored for road kill for 995 and 322 days pre- and post-installation, respectively. The study design was an unreplicated BACI (Before-After-Control-Impact) design.
Methodology: No statistical analysis of the roadkill data were carried out in the original study. We used a Poisson/log-link Generalized Linear Model fit to their BACI data as a single 2x2 table of counts and define a single interaction parameter as a function of control-adjusted rate reduction due to the VF. This parameter can also be defined as the logarithm of the ratio of odds of a random kill in the fenced section occurring in the post-installation period to the corresponding odds for the unfenced section. A null hypothesis of no effect of the VF corresponds to a log odds-ratio of zero. We use simulation to show that estimates of this parameter have close to a Gaussian distribution and from this derive an estimate of the statistical power of the design to detect a hypothetical effect of a 50% reduction in rate. We also used simulation to estimate the corresponding power to detect this reduction if the BACI had been physically replicated three times.
Results: The estimated log odds-ratio and the corresponding percent reduction inferred for the VF were -0.02 (SE=0.53) and 1.8%, respectively, and the statistical power of the design to detect a hypothetical effect of a 50% reduction in rate was only .35 but gave an improved power of .7 under the hypothetical replication.
Conclusion: Our results showed that there was very low confidence in this design combined with similar overall roadkill rates being able to detect a 50% reduction. This increased to medium-to-high confidence if the experiment had been replicated in three locations. The very small point estimate of reduction could have been so low compared to a true but modest effect purely by chance, thus our conclusion is that there is very low confidence in any estimate of the VF’s effect obtained using this study’s design in the context of common roadkill rates.
Impact of Grafting Techniques on Success Rate, Survival and Growth of Different Adenium (Adenium obesum) Scions under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions
Authors: Roy Kaustav , Fatmi Urfi 
Published: September 2022

This work was carried out for 5 months from February, 2022 to June, 2022 in shadenet house, Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The experiment was designed according to a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD), using five different adenium hybrids and three different types of grafting techniques. The experiment was replicated three times. The different hybrids used in the experiment were Masai, Cream of My Body, Tangerine, Super Moon, Golden Jublee and grafting techniques were wedge, cleft, flat. The results obtained showed that the hybrid Golden Jublee with flat grafting was found superior in terms of days taken to 1st sprout, sprouting percentage, number of sprouts and survival percentage while hybrid Cream of My Body with flat grafting was found superior in terms of number of leaves, shoot length and stem girth. Therefore, Golden Jublee and Cream of My Body are suitable for propagation through flat grafting under agro-climatic conditions of Prayagraj.
The Role of Netrin-1 and Interleukin-6 in Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Salem Hoda Halim , Lashin Faiza , El Hai Dina Abd , Selim Amal 
Published: September 2022

Background: Netrin-1 is a laminin like protein highly induced after acute and chronic kidney injury, represent tubular damage and excreted in urine of both animals and humans. Netrin-1 is a potential biomarker predicting the development of diabetic kidney disease. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine that has a role in the transformation from acute to chronic inflammation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the role of Netrin-1 and IL-6 in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: Our study included 75 patients with T2DM and 25 healthy control group. The study duration started from October 2019 to January 2021. Participants were subdivided into four equal groups: group I: 25 healthy subjects as control group, group II: 25 diabetic patients with albumin/creatinine ratio < 30 mg/g, group III: 25 diabetic patients with albumin/creatinine ratio 30-300 mg/g, group IV: 25 diabetic patients with albumin/creatinine ratio > 300 mg/g. All subjects underwent complete clinical examination, laboratory investigations and measurement of serum Netrin-1 and IL-6 by ELISA.
Results: Nertin-1 was significantly higher in group III and group IV than group II and control group (P<0.001*). Netrin-1 was positively correlated with IL-6, fasting BG, 2HPP, HbA1C, B. urea, S. creatinine and urinary ACR, but it was negatively correlated with eGFR, Hb and S. albumin. IL-6 was significantly higher in group IV than group III, group II and control group (p<0.001*). There was a positive correlation between IL-6 and 2HPP, HbA1C, B. urea, S. creatinine and urinary ACR, but there was a negative correlation between IL-6 and eGFR, Hb and S. albumin. Netrin-1 was more sensitive 96.5% and more specific 99.8% than IL-6 sensitivity 83.3% and specificity 85.0%.
Conclusions: Netrin-1 and IL-6 were significantly higher in diabetic nephropathy patients with macroalbuminuria than other groups. Netrin-1 was more sensitive and specific than IL-6 in predicting DN and its progression.
The Impact of Talent Management on the Performance of Employees at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital (BDTH), Kaduna
Authors: Lawal Hafiz , Chidinma Okafor Jane , Chukwuemeka Okoye Augustine , Anyanwu Esther Chifurumnanya , Chinonso Anyanwu Ammielshaddai , Dennis Okwubanego Chiemelie , Ugochi Chike Comfort , Oyinkansola Animashaun Barakat 
Published: September 2022

Purpose: The study's goal is to determine how talent management affects workers' productivity at Kaduna's Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital (BDTH). The study specifically looks at the impact of hiring talent, researches the impact of training and development, analyzes the impact of career growth, and investigates the impact of the performance management system. Despite the money poured into them, some organizations continue to perform poorly. The reality is most corporations just lack the qualified personnel needed to realize their desired goal. Poor hiring practices, the difficulty to recruit and retain suitable employees, and the absence of performance management tools have all harmed personnel management in various ways. 757 employees of the Kaduna Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital make up the study's population. 262 employees make up the study's sample.
Methodology: The study used a descriptive research design. The instrument for gathering data was a questionnaire. To analyze the data for the study, SPSS version 20 was used. The study's key findings showed that performance management (61%), training and development (62%), talent acquisition (71%), and employee performance all had positive and substantial relationships with each other.
Findings: The study did, however, find a tenuous link between career progression (11%) and worker performance. According to the report, organizations should integrate talent management systems into all facets of human resource management and connect their talent management systems with their business needs. The study suggested conducting additional research to learn more about the topic. As a result, the statistics and effects for generalization will have greater reliability.
Conclusion: A majority of the respondents said that improved employee performance resulted from identifying and training candidates to replace important people who leave a firm. The majority of respondents thought that having clearly defined succession plans that allow staff members to take on leadership responsibilities improved employee performance at BDTH. To improve employees' performance, systematic training is necessary. An appropriate work environment that fosters creativity in employees, according to the majority of respondents, is crucial for improving employees' performance.
Refractory‐Metal‐Based Chalcogenides for Energy
Authors: Özel Faruk , Arkan Emre , Coskun Halime , Deveci İlyas , Yıldırım Murat , Yıldırım Mehmet , Orak İkram , Erdal Mehmet Okan , Sarılmaz Adem , Ersöz Tugrul Talha , Koçyiğit Adem , Karabulut Abdulkerim , Özen Abdurrahman , Aljabour Abdalaziz , Kus Mahmut , Ersöz Mustafa 
Published: September 2022

AbstractWhen it is asked, “where can refractory metals be used?,” the possible shortest answer is, “where cannot they be used?” The uses of refractory‐metal‐based compounds in research and industry are too many to be enumerated; nevertheless, some outstanding examples are briefly mentioned here. Essentially, chalcogenide forms of refractory metals are preferred in the fabrication of high‐performance structures. Therefore, expanding the current studies that usually focus on tungsten‐ and molybdenum‐based structures to other materials may open new opportunities. Moreover, research on ternary and quaternary structures can also be a keystone in creating high‐performance products. The rationale of the present review is to give a brief overview of the recent history of refractory‐metal‐based chalcogenides (RMCs). Initially, the framework is confined to the general design and approaches for the synthesis of refractory metal chalcogenides. The assay is continued by extending with characteristic features of materials from crystalline properties to thermoelectric attributes and examining device fabrication processes. Taken together, the device fabrication part where RMCs are mainly used is extensively focused upon. Finally, outlook and future perspectives are given on the design and construction of RMCs to enable future inspiration and innovation.
Revealing the Impact of Cl Substitution on the Crystallization Behavior and Interfacial Stability of Superionic Lithium Argyrodites
Authors: Liu Yu , Su Han , Zhong Yu , Wang Xiuli , Xia Xinhui , Gu Changdong , Tu Jiangping 
Published: September 2022

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries are believed to be the next‐generation energy storage device that can meet the ever‐growing market demand for high energy density and safety. The ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of the solid electrolyte are two crucial properties that can affect battery performance. Herein, with an optimized crystallization process, the Cl‐rich argyrodite possesses high ionic conductivity, good dendrite inhibition capability, as well as enhanced interfacial stability against decomposition. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation and radial distribution function analysis are utilized to probe into the interfacial phenomenon between argyrodite electrolyte and lithium metal. LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2‐based all‐solid‐state battery using the Cl‐rich argyrodite electrolyte also delivers more stable cyclic performance. This study shows the multiple enhancements of argyrodite electrolyte brought by Cl doping, which provides important guidance in selecting electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries.
Flexible Accelerated‐Wound‐Healing Antibacterial MXene‐Based Epidermic Sensor for Intelligent Wearable Human‐Machine Interaction
Authors: Li Mingkun , Zhang Yunfei , Lian Lishuyi , Liu Kuo , Lu Ming , Chen Youbai , Zhang Liqun , Zhang Xingcai , Wan Pengbo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractFlexible epidermic sensors made from conductive hydrogels are holding bright potential in personalized healthcare, multifunctional electronic skins, and human‐machine interfaces. However, it is still a great challenge to simultaneously realize conductive hydrogel‐based epidermic sensors with reliable self‐healing ability and remarkable sensing performances in high‐performance healthcare (especially electrophysiological signals) sensing for wearable human‐machine interaction, as well as accelerated wound healing for subsequent medical treatment together. Herein, a flexible healable high‐performance epidermic sensor is assembled from the facilely prepared antibacterial MXene hydrogel with efficiently accelerated wound healing for sensitively wearable human‐machine interaction. The as‐prepared hydrogel possesses enhanced mechanical performance, outstanding healable capability, reliable injectability, facile degradability, excellent biocompatibility, and robust antibacterial ability, which is capable of being assembled into a multifunctional epidermic sensor to sensitively monitor human movements for rehabilitation training, to detect tiny electrophysiological signals for the diagnosis of cardiovascular‐ and muscle‐related diseases, and to be employed for wearable human‐machine interaction. In addition, the hydrogel can be utilized to treat wound infection and can effectively accelerate wound healing. Thus, it sheds light on preparing flexible healable epidermic sensors with multifunctional integration of personal health diagnosis and smart medical treatment for wearable human‐machine interaction and next‐generation artificial skins.
Bioinspired Chromotropic Ionic Skin with In‐Plane Strain/Temperature/Pressure Multimodal Sensing and Ultrahigh Stimuli Discriminability
Authors: Zhang Heng , Chen Haomin , Lee Jeng‐Hun , Kim Eunyoung , Chan Kit‐Ying , Venkatesan Harun , Adegun Miracle Hope , Agbabiaka Okikiola Ganiu , Shen Xi , Zheng Qingbin , Yang Jinglei , Kim Jang‐Kyo 
Published: September 2022

AbstractElectronic skins (e‐skins) mimic multimodal sensing capabilities of various tactile receptors in natural skin. Herein, a stretchable chromotropic ionic skin is rationally designed to simultaneously detect and decouple multiple stimuli, including in‐plane strain, temperature, and pressure. The mutually discriminating trimodal ionic skin consists of mechanochromic, thermoresistive and triboelectric layers that individually function as strain, temperature and pressure sensors, respectively. These three distinct capabilities are integrated into the ionic skin which demonstrates highly sensitive responses to selective external stimuli while upholding high insensitivity to unwanted ones. The structural colors derived from mechanochromic photonic crystals of magnetic ferroferric oxide‐carbon nanoparticles respond to strains by color‐switching in the full visible spectrum, exhibiting appealing potential in interactive stress visualization. The temperature detection with an exceptional sensitivity of 20.44% per °C is enabled by the thermoresistive effect of ionic hydrogel, while oriented polymer chains embedded in the hydrogel decouple temperature from extraneous stimuli. The multilayer structure consisting of an ionic hydrogel film, a wrinkle‐patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film with gradient modulus design and a carbon nanotubes/PDMS electrode displays an extraordinary triboelectric effect with a strain‐ and temperature‐insensitive pressure sensing capability. The chromotropic ionic skin facilitates simultaneously accurate measurements, high discriminability and quantitative mapping of complex stimuli, offering new insights into emerging E‐skins.