bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenomics implementation in cardiovascular disease in a highly diverse population: initial findings and lessons learned from a pilot study in United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al-Mahayri Zeina N. , Khasawneh Lubna Q. , Alqasrawi Mais N. , Altoum Sahar M. , Jamil Gohar , Badawi Sally , Hamza Dana , George Lizy , AlZaabi Anwar , Ouda Husam , Al-Maskari Fatma , AlKaabi Juma , Patrinos George P. , Ali Bassam R. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing has proved its utility and cost-effectiveness for some commonly prescribed cardiovascular disease (CVD) medications. In addition, PGx-guided dosing guidelines are now available for multiple CVD drugs, including clopidogrel, warfarin, and statins. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) population is diverse and multiethnic, with over 150 nationalities residing in the country. PGx-testing is not part of the standard of care in most global healthcare settings, including the UAE healthcare system. The first pharmacogenomic implementation clinical study in CVD has been approved recently, but multiple considerations needed evaluation before commencing. The current report appraises the PGx-clinical implementation procedure and the potential benefits of pursuing PGx-implementation initiatives in the UAE with global implications.

Methods
Patients prescribed one or more of the following drugs: clopidogrel, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and warfarin, were recruited. Genotyping selected genetic variants at genes interacting with the study drugs was performed by real-time PCR.

Results
For the current pilot study, 160 patients were recruited. The genotypes and inferred haplotypes, diplotypes, and predicted phenotypes revealed that 11.9% of the participants were poor CYP2C19 metabolizers, 35% intermediate metabolizers, 28.1% normal metabolizers, and 25% rapid or ultrarapid metabolizers. Notably, 46.9% of our cohort should receive a recommendation to avoid using clopidogrel or consider an alternative medication. Regarding warfarin, only 20% of the participants exhibited reference alleles at VKORC1-1639G > A, CYP2C9*2, and CYP2C9*3, leaving 80% with alternative genotypes at any of the two genes that can be integrated into the warfarin dosing algorithms and can be used whenever the patient receives a warfarin prescription. For statins, 31.5% of patients carried at least one allele at the genotyped SLCO1B1 variant (rs4149056), increasing their risk of developing myopathy. 96% of our cohort received at least one PGx-generated clinical recommendation for the studied drugs.

Conclusion
The current pilot analysis verified the feasibility of PGx-testing and the unforeseen high frequencies of patients currently treated with suboptimal drug regimens, which may potentially benefit from PGx testing.
High-grade glioma and solitary metastasis: differentiation by spectroscopy and advanced magnetic resonance techniques
Authors: Arévalo-Sáenz Alejandra , Rodríguez-Boto Amago Gregorio , Pedrosa Sánchez Manuel 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
The differentiation by means of magnetic resonance between high-grade gliomas and intracranial solitary single metastasis is of the utmost importance since they condition both surgical and complementary treatment.

Results
Retrospective study that analyzes the parameters of advanced magnetic resonance imaging: spectroscopy, diffusion and perfusion, specifically focused on the differences in the coefficients of the metabolites Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA and NAA/Cr in peritumoral edema between high-grade gliomas and metastases. The data have been statistically analyzed using ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves, and cutoff values were obtained.
A total of 79 patients with histologically analyzed tumors were analyzed: 49 high-grade gliomas (40 multiform glioblastomas and 9 anaplastic astrocytomas) and 30 metastases. A statistically significant mean difference was obtained in the three metabolite ratios. The area under the curve for the Cho/NAA ratio was 0.958 (CI: 0.903–1), for Cho/Cr 0.922 (CI: 0.859–0.985) and for NAA/Cr 0.163 (CI: 0.068–0.258; p < 0.001). The cutoff values were 1.115 for Cho/NAA (sensitivity 93.87%, specificity 93.33%, global precision 93.67%); 1.18 for the Cho/Cr ratio (sensitivity 89.79%, specificity 93.33% and precision 91.13%) and 1.155 for the NAA/Cr ratio (sensitivity 67.34%, specificity 93.33%, global precision 44.30%).

Conclusion
The results of the study support the premise that spectroscopy at the level of peritumoral edema is able to differentiate between high-grade gliomas and metastases by showing tumor infiltration in peritumoral edema.
COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and trust among adults in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nour Mohamed O. , Natto Hatim A. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Public acceptance, trust, and actual uptake of COVID-19 vaccines are crucial to stem the pandemic. Although roll out of vaccines was high in KSA, the public response was not sufficiently studied. We aimed to investigate knowledge level, acceptance, and trust in COVID-19 vaccination and related predictors among adults in Makkah, KSA.

Methods
A web-based cross-sectional survey using a snowballing sample was carried on 507 adult Saudi population living in Makkah city. The survey was developed based on literature search. In the logistic analysis, the dependent variables included acceptance rate and trust in effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines, while the independent variables (predictors) were sociodemographics and level of knowledge.

Results
The survey included 507 participants, aged 18–78 years, 55.8% were females, and 36.7% had (or one of their family members) previously been exposed to COVID-19 infection. Their knowledge about COVID-19 vaccination was satisfactory (86.2%) with 71.2% intended to receive COVID-19 vaccination, and 56.4% was confident of the vaccine effectiveness. Vaccine efficacy, duration of protection, schedule of vaccination, and recommendation by authorities may favor their decision to accept or decline COVID-19 vaccines. Good knowledge about vaccines (OR = 2.07; CI: 1.24–3.48 for acceptance and OR = 2.67; CI: 1.58–4.51 for trust), higher educational level (OR = 1.80; CI: 1.07–3.40 for acceptance and OR = 3.59; CI: 2.08–6.21 for trust), previous seasonal flu vaccination (OR = 1.66; CI: 1.09–2.53 for acceptance and OR = 1.91; CI: 1.31–2.79 for trust), female sex (OR = 1.62; CI: 1.1–2.39 for acceptance and OR = 4.15; CI: 2.86–6.04 for trust), and history of COVID-19 infection (OR = 1.57; CI: 1.04–2.37 for acceptance and OR = 1.69; CI: 1.17–2.46 for trust) were among significant predictors for both vaccine acceptance and trust in vaccine effectiveness.

Conclusions
Adult Saudi population in Makkah city showed satisfactory knowledge about COVID-19 vaccination with moderate rate of vaccine acceptance and a relatively low rate of confidence in vaccine effectiveness. Better understanding of public acceptance and trust in COVID-19 vaccines and addressing barriers to vaccination are recommended to improve vaccine coverage and to reinforce some communication characteristics of the current vaccination campaign.
Biomarker potential of the GRP78 cell-free RNA in endometrial cancer
Authors: Aynekin Busra , Akalin Hilal , Muderris I. Ipek , Acmaz Gokhan , Akgun Hulya , Şahin Izem Olcay , Gokce Nuriye Coşkun , Alzaidi Zahraa , Erturk Zararsiz Gözde , Ozkul Yusuf , Dundar Munis , Saatci Çetin 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Circulating tumor cells represent an opportunity for the assessment of early recurrent disease or for real-time tracing of cancer. Glucose Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) is known in the literature as a stress factor in endometrial cancer. We aimed to investigate the importance of the gene by targeting tumor traces circulating in the cell fluids of patients with Type 1 endometrial cancer, examining cell-free RNAs in patients’ samples and performing ROC analysis.

Methodology
In this study, 32 endometrial cancer patients and 20 controls were included. This in vitro study evaluated, the GRP78 cell-free mRNA expression levels in endometrial cancer patients, by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction qRT–PCR Light Cycler. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is a tool used to identify the precision of a diagnostic test or prediction model. In our study, we investigated whether the expression levels of cell-free GRP78 mRNA could be used as a diagnostic criterion.

Results
The ROC curve results for endometrial cancer diagnostic criterion of cfRNA GRP78 mRNA indicated quite a significant value (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Current findings show that cell-free mRNA GRP78 is now a criterion that can be used together with smear mRNA GRP78 without the need for invasive methods in endometrial cancer studies.
Laparoscopic excision of a very rare isolated gastric enteric duplication cyst: case report and literature review
Authors: Erman Mucahit , Celik Ahmet 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Background
Gastric duplication cysts are a very rare variant of all enteric duplications, and their isolated forms are much rarer developmental anomalies in the form of case reports only. In this study, a 4-month-old male patient, who was diagnosed with an intra-abdominal cystic mass in his antenatal examination and laparoscopic excision of the isolated gastric duplication was presented.

Case presentation
A 4-month-old male patient was born at 39 weeks of gestation, 3180 g. When a 37 × 17mm intra-abdominal cystic mass was detected in the detailed ultrasonography (USG) performed at the 20th week of his antenatal examination, he was followed up in another center with the preliminary diagnosis of mesenteric cyst and intestinal duplication cyst. It was learned that the patient had transient constipation and vomiting in his history. Physical examination revealed a mobile, smooth-surfaced 5-cm mass on palpation in the lower midline of the abdomen. Control ultrasonography revealed a lobulated contoured cystic lesion measuring 59 × 30 × 23 mm, with a multilayered wall structure and debris inside. In laparoscopy, the mass is mobile, thick-walled, cystic in appearance, isolated from surrounding tissues. It was observed that it was attached to the sigmoid colon mesentery with a handle. The thick peduncle containing the feeding vessels was closed and cut, preserving the mesentery. Thick mucoid cyst contents were aspirated with a percutaneous needle. The shrinking cyst was removed from the abdomen by enlarging the working opening of 5 mm. The macroscopic appearance was consistent with intestinal duplication cyst. The patient was fed orally at the 2nd hour postoperatively and was discharged at the 10th hour. In the pathological examination, gastric duplication cyst was diagnosed due to the type of gastric lining epithelium. No recurrence or additional pathology was detected in the control ultrasonography in the 6-month follow-up postoperatively.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic exploration should be considered as the first surgical option in asymptomatic, growing intra-abdominal cystic masses with a preliminary diagnosis of duplication cysts. The advantages of laparoscopy can make important contributions to patient management.
Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on cognitive functioning in youth at ultra-high risk for psychosis: secondary analysis of the NEURAPRO randomised controlled trial
Authors: Cheng Nicholas , McLaverty Alison , Nelson Barnaby , Markulev Connie , Schäfer Miriam R. , Berger Maximus , Mossaheb Nilufar , Schlögelhofer Monika , Smesny Stefan , Hickie Ian B. , Berger Gregor E. , Chen Eric Y. H. , de Haan Lieuwe , Nieman Dorien H. , Nordentoft Merete , Riecher-Rössler Anita , Verma Swapna , Street Rebekah , Thompson Andrew , Yuen Hok Pan , Hester Robert , Yung Alison Ruth , McGorry Patrick D. , Allott Kelly , Amminger G. Paul 
Published: September 2022

Background
Cognitive impairments are well-established features of psychotic disorders and are present when individuals are at ultra-high risk for psychosis. However, few interventions target cognitive functioning in this population.

Aims
To investigate whether omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n−3 PUFA) supplementation improves cognitive functioning among individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis.

Method
Data (N = 225) from an international, multi-site, randomised controlled trial (NEURAPRO) were analysed. Participants were given omega-3 supplementation (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) or placebo over 6 months. Cognitive functioning was assessed with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Mixed two-way analyses of variance were computed to compare the change in cognitive performance between omega-3 supplementation and placebo over 6 months. An additional biomarker analysis explored whether change in erythrocyte n−3 PUFA levels predicted change in cognitive performance.

Results
The placebo group showed a modest greater improvement over time than the omega-3 supplementation group for motor speed (ηp2 = 0.09) and BACS composite score (ηp2 = 0.21). After repeating the analyses without individuals who transitioned, motor speed was no longer significant (ηp2 = 0.02), but the composite score remained significant (ηp2 = 0.02). Change in erythrocyte n-3 PUFA levels did not predict change in cognitive performance over 6 months.

Conclusions
We found no evidence to support the use of omega-3 supplementation to improve cognitive functioning in ultra-high risk individuals. The biomarker analysis suggests that this finding is unlikely to be attributed to poor adherence or consumption of non-trial n−3 PUFAs.
REVISITING THE WAYS OF RUSSIAN CULINARY IDIONYMS TRANSFER INTO ENGLISH
Authors: Lazutkina Elena V. , Ratueva Olga N. , Efremova Elena P. , Sidorova Nadezhda A. 
Published: September 2022

Background. The relevance of communication of idionyms is directly related to the increase in the external tourist flow, hosting major international competitions, opening industrial clusters, etc., which leads to the development of infrastructure and is most clearly manifested in the restaurant and hotel business where a top-notch translation of culinary and other idionyms becomes a competitive advantage and allows for provision of a high level of service and avoid possible mistakes in intercultural communication.
Purpose. To offer options for an adequate and equivalent communication of culinary idionyms for representatives of non-English-speaking cultures who use English as lingua franca.
Materials and methods. The main menu of the 29th Winter Universiade Krasnoyarsk 2019 and its versions (menus for volunteers, judges and the Ministry of Internal Affairs) were used as material for the study. Research methods: the method of comparative analysis, continuous sampling method in the selection of practical material, descriptive method of linguistic and stylistic analysis.
Results. The authors proposed some versions of communication of culinary idionyms of the Russian language into English using some translation techniques, such as calque, transliteration, descriptive and functional analogue translation.
Practical implications. The practical significance of the study is due to the expansion of the hospitality sector. The authors’ experience could be used translating non-equivalent cultural realities of the Russian language, in particular culinary idionyms used, for instance, when making menus, writing recipes and dietary recommendations, etc.
REPRESENTATIVES OF THE ORENBURG STEPPE CONCEPT TRANSLATED INTO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Authors: Belova Natalya A. , Kartashova Uliana N. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose. The article is devoted to the analysis of the Orenburg steppe concept and its representatives into English. The aim of the study is to analyze the possible ways of translation of the representatives of this concept.
Materials and methods. To achieve the goal, the following methods and analysis techniques were used: method of continuous sampling, descriptive method, the method of linguoculturological analysis, comparative method. Works of fiction about the Orenburg region and their translations into English, as well as data from bilingual and explanatory dictionaries were used for the purpose of the study.
Results. The analysis of the Orenburg steppe concept and its representatives revealed certain ethno-specific and cultural features in the mental worldview of native English speakers. Most of the components of the concept “Orenburg Steppe” have a similar denotative meaning, while the connotative meaning is either absent or different. This is due to the lack of these realities in the English language. Having analyzed the materials of literary texts about the Orenburg region and its translations, it should be noted that the representatives of the Orenburg steppe concept are a verbalization of the inner state of the author and his attitude to the steppe. Each statement forms a cognitive picture of the author’s world of the work.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in theory and practice of translation, as well as in region-oriented translation studies.
CONVENTIONAL INTONATION NORM AS A FUZZY SET: FUZZIFIERS AND DEFUZZIFIERS
Authors: Nenasheva Iuliia А. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose. The paper is given to the topic of probabilistic characteristics of the discourse units, being relevant in the course of present-day tendencies towards digitalization of the discourse. The subject for analysis is represented by prosodic characteristics of read-aloud speech imitating face-to-face dialogue. The author aims at representing the conventional intonation norm as a fuzzy set of phonologized intonation contours (ICs). The paper states the factors that determine the specific character of ICs and suggests defining these factors in terms of fuzzy logic.
Methodology. The methodology of the research is based on the interdisciplinary cognitive-discursive approach to studying verbal interaction in discourse, which requires taking into consideration cognitive and discourse factors. The methodology of the presented research also includes regulations stated by the experimental discourse analysis and specified for the purposes of experimental prosodic research.
Results. Computer analysis helps to describe specific features of prosodic organization of the utterance and identify factors that determine this specificity. Identifying determining factors allows to define them as fuzzifiers and defuzzifiers, which help to transmit the meaning of the utterance.
Practical application. The results of the research can be used in creating online/web applications with voice activation/interaction. The results can also be used L2 teaching to advanced students.
SEMANTIC PERCEPTION OF NEOLOGISM BORROWINGS IN TERMS OF MEDIA LANGUAGE
Authors: Yurova Tatyana A. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose. This study is developed in order to identify the degree of understanding of neologism borrowings meanings used in the mass media language, hypothetical determination of the digestibility level of the articles, abounding in borrowings, by means of correlating borrowing meanings with thematic areas.
Research method and methodology. The research methods were as follows: a conducting a questionnaire Internet survey, as well as carrying out a descriptive and a comparative analysis.
Results. An analysis of the semantic perception of neologism borrowings by a wide range of the reading public demonstrated the lack of a 100% degree of understanding and the impossibility of unanimous correlation of neologism borrowings meanings with topic areas. This fact indicates the impossibility of a full and quality processing of the information received from the mass media. The need for language canons compliance was identified.
Practical implications. Theoretical and practical results can be applied in lecture courses on the lexicology of the English language and special courses on the discourse of the modern media.
FUNCTIONING OF THE NAMES OF THE SEASONS IN THE ASPECT OF AESTHETIC CATEGORIES REFLECTION (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF POETIC WORKS OF THE XX–XXI CENTURIES)
Authors: Xiaoxu Wang 
Published: September 2022

Purpose. The article is devoted to the study of the functioning of the names of the seasons in Russian poetry of the XX–XXI centuries. The relevance of this work is due to the insufficient elaboration of a number of issues concerning the aesthetic potential of linguistic units, including temporal lexemes denoting the seasons, as well as the need to describe them as significant elements of a literary text. The purpose of the study is to analyze the data of temporal words in the aspect of reflection of aesthetic categories.
Materials and methods. The research material was the texts of poetic works of the XX–XXI centuries, collected and systematized on the basis of a sample from the National Corpus of the Russian language. For the purposes of the study, such basic methods as observation, classification, generalization, descriptive-analytical, component analysis method were used.
Results. The analysis of the linguistic material showed that the names of the seasons are used to reflect only two aesthetic categories, i.e., the beautiful and the sublime. At the same time, most of the examples relate to the description of the beauty of the landscape.
Practical implications. The conclusions obtained in the course of the study can be used in teaching university courses on lexicology, linguoculturology and philological analysis of poetic speech.
DYNAMICS OF ENGLISH NEOLOGISMS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Husnullina Yuliya A. 
Published: September 2022

Purpose. The study focuses on the analysis of English lexical system development, while paying special attention to English neologisms of the last decade. The relevance of this study is due to the appeal to the study of English vocabulary as an indicator of modern development trends of the lexical system as a whole.
Methods. In the course of the research, methods of statistical, word-formation, contextual, semantic, structural, component and definitional analysis were applied.
The material of the study. The data of modern lexicographic online dictionaries with regularly updated corpora, online versions of periodicals, the linguistic portal and the American Dialect Society were used.
Results. The article examines the development of lexical system in the diachronic aspect, along with the description of modern trends in the development of English neolexics. The author comes to the conclusion that the dynamics of English ICT neologisms development is positive and expeditious. As a result, it is proved that computer technologies and information and communication medium act as a form- and meaning-forming principle in the word-formation process. These extralinguistic factors actively stimulate the process of neologization in order to meet the emerging need for lexicalization of new concepts, objects and phenomena of reality.
Practical implications. The practical significance of the research results lies in the possibility of using the obtained data in a lecture course and when compiling textbooks on lexicology, intercultural communication and in special courses on neology.