bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Incidence of Central Venous Catheter-Associated Infections in Patients Admitted in the Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Okafor Onyekachi V. , Amucheazi Adaobi O. , Onyekwulu Fidelis A. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Presence of a central venous catheter (CVC) though useful may lead to CVC-associated bloodstream infections (CVCBSIs), resulting in increased morbidity and mortality.

Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to determine the incidence of CVCBSIs, the predominant causative microorganisms, the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the microorganisms, and the associated risk factors.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective observational study evaluated the incidence of CVCBSIs in patients who had the catheter inserted on admission into the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital in South-East, Nigeria. Sixty-eight patients were recruited for the study. Blood samples were collected aseptically from a peripheral vein on admission, 72 h after the insertion of CVC, and at removal of CVC for blood culture. The distal 5 cm of the CVC was also collected at removal for microscopy, culture, and sensitivity testing.

Results:
Six out of all the patients recruited developed CVCBSIs, giving an incidence rate of 9.2%, whereas 48% (n = 31) developed catheter bacterial colonization. Over one-fifth (22.7%) of the patients with catheter duration beyond 5 days had CVCBSIs. Patients whose CVC duration was beyond 5 days had a higher risk of CVCBSIs (P = 0.015) than others. The commonest microorganism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus, whereas the most susceptible antibiotic was aminoglycoside (gentamycin).

Conclusion:
The incidences of CVCBSIs and CVC colonization were 9.2% and 48%, respectively. The duration of catheterization was found to be a major risk factor for CVCBSIs. The most predominant organism isolated was S. aureus. The most sensitive antibiotic agent was the aminoglycoside (gentamycin). It is therefore recommended that catheter care bundle which includes hand hygiene, use of chlorhexidine for skin preparation during insertion, use of barrier precautions during insertion, and the removal of unnecessary central lines should be strictly adhered to. Gentamycin should be used as empirical antibiotics in the ICUs.
Assessment of Resilience in the Second wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chinawa Awoere T. , Ossai Edmund N. , Aronu Ann E. , Chinawa Josephat M. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has created much psychological burden on the adolescent child. Resilience is an intertwine of risk and protective factors that may help the adolescent child in growth and development.

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine the factors that influence resilience among adolescents attending secondary schools in southeast Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study of 496 adolescent students who attend six secondary schools in Enugu city.

Results:
The majority of the respondents, 79.4%, feel safe when they are with their families. A high proportion of the respondents, 61.5%, were resilient. A comparable proportions of male (59.9%) and female (62.9%) respondents were resilient. (χ
2=0.476, P = 0.490). A significantly higher proportion of respondents who were in junior secondary three class, 70.5%, were resilient when compared with those in senior secondary three class, 59.4% (χ
2=4.050, P = 0.044). The highest proportion of respondents who had strong social support, 75.8%, were resilient, whereas those who had poor social support were the least, 36.6%. The observed difference was statistically significant (χ
2=39.995, P < 0.001). The respondents who had poor social support were about six times less likely to be resilient when compared with those who had strong social support [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.177, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.099–0.317]. Also, the respondents who had moderate social support were about three times less likely to be resilient when compared with those who had strong social support (AOR=0.369, 95%CI: 0.261–0.601).

Conclusion:
Resilience in adolescents is enhanced by education, being in junior secondary class, good family structure, and strong social support.
Determinants of Female Health Workers’ Attitude Toward Spouses’ use of Vasectomy for Family Planning
Authors: Menuba Ifeanyi E. , Asimadu Eric E. , Nweze Sylvester O. 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Vasectomy is an effective and safe surgical method of male contraception. It is simpler than female tubal ligation and has fewer complications.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of selected demographic characteristics on female health workers’ attitudes to spouses’ use of vasectomy for birth control

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of female health workers in two tertiary health institutions in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Data were collected using a pretested structured self-administered questionnaire. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes toward vasectomy.

Results:
Two hundred and ninety female health workers completed the questionnaire. The mean age of participants was 32.26 ± 9.39 years. Approximately 66.6% of the women were less than 35 years and 53.1% were married. Only 21.0% of the respondents would encourage their spouses or partners to undergo vasectomy after they have had their desired number of children. Half of the women (50.0%) would prefer to have their tubes tied (tubal ligation) and 63.1% had never discussed vasectomy with their spouses or partners. Younger women (<35 years) were significantly more likely to encourage their spouses/partners to have a vasectomy (odds ratio [OR] 2.1289; P = 0.0231). However, ever-married women (OR 0.1296; P = 0.0000) and women who have had children (OR 0.1767; P = 0.0000) were significantly less likely to do the same. Nurses were more likely to encourage their spouses to undertake vasectomy compared to doctors (OR 2.4750; P = 0.0041).

Conclusion:
Vasectomy is not widely accepted among our female health workers; only a fifth of them would encourage their spouses/partners to have a vasectomy.
Accurate Long‐Term Evolution/Wi‐Fi hybrid positioning technology for emergency rescue
Authors: Ji Myungin , Jeon Ju‐il , Han Kyeong‐Soo , Cho Youngsu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is critical to estimate the location using only Long‐Term Evolution (LTE) and Wi‐Fi information gathered by the user's smartphone and deployable for emergency rescue, regardless of whether the Global Positioning System is received. In this research, we used a vehicle to gather LTE and Wi‐Fi wireless signals over a large area for an extended period of time. After that, we used the learning technique to create a positioning database that included both collection and noncollection points. We presented a two‐step positioning algorithm that utilizes coarse localization to discover a rough location in a wide area rapidly and fine localization to estimate a particular location based on the coarse position. We confirmed our technology utilizing different sorts of devices in four regional types that are generally encountered: dense urban, urban, suburban, and rural. Results presented that our algorithm can satisfactorily achieve the target accuracy necessary in emergency rescue circumstances.
Evaluation of Safety of Medical Trainees on Global Health Rotations
Authors: Kojima Noah , Ross Jesse , Tymchuk Christopher 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT.
We conducted a survey on the health and safety of medical trainees who participated in a short-term international clinical elective at a large academic training institution. We distributed an anonymous 28-question online survey via e-mail to the 142 participants available who, together, completed 185 international clinical electives. Of the 142 participants sent an anonymous survey, we received 68 responses (response rate, 48%). Of the respondents, 41 (61%) reported experiencing some form of illness. Of those, two respondents (5%) reported seeking care from a medical physician. The most commonly reported adverse health events were diarrhea (n = 32, 48.5%); fever (n = 13, 19.4%); a cough, cold, or flu-like illness (n = 9, 13.4%); and vomiting (n = 7, 13.6%). There were no reported needlestick injuries or motor vehicle accidents, and none of the reported adverse health events led to hospitalization or early termination of the elective. Four participants (5.9%) reported concerns of personal property and two (2.9%) were victims of a robbery. Two participants (2.9%) reported concerns of physical safety; however, no one reported being a victim of physical assault. Although the majority of respondents reported experiencing some form of illness, the vast majority were minor and self-limited in nature. Further studies are needed to assess problems related to mental health on international rotations and whether interventions could be used to decrease the rates of illness among participants of short-term international clinical electives.
The Reading, Translation, and Rewriting of Shakespeare’s Sonnets in China
Authors: Hao Tianhu 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Shakespeare’s sonnets are widely loved and very popular in China, and major poet-translators such as Tu An and Liang Zongdai devoted a lifetime to their task of translation. The translation of the Bard’s sonnets involves cross-cultural understanding. In terms of poetic style, Shakespeare’s sonnets may be rendered in two styles, either modern or classical. Both styles have their pros and cons, but the general tendency leans toward the modern. In the course of over a century, the sonnet form has successfully been indigenized, and the Chinese sonnet has largely been developed from the reading and transplantation of Western sonneteers including Shakespeare and Milton. Among others, Shakespeare has exerted a significant impact on modern Chinese poetry by contributing new content and new form. This article aims to survey the reading, translation, and rewriting of Shakespeare’s sonnets in China and demonstrate how the Bard’s sonnets influenced the scene of modern Chinese poetry.
Factors Associated With Quality Care Among Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Seyferth Anne V. , Cichocki Meghan N. , Wang Chien-Wei , Huang Yun-Ju , Huang Yi-Wei , Chen Jung-Sheng , Kuo Chang-Fu , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceAlthough quality care markers exist for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the predictors of meeting these markers are unclear.ObjectiveTo explore factors associated with quality care among patients with RA.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cohort study using insurance claims from 2009 to 2017 was conducted, and 6 sequential logistic regression models were built to evaluate quality care markers. Quality care markers were measured at 1 year post-RA diagnosis for each patient. The MarketScan Research Database, which contains commercial and Medicare Advantage administrative claims data from more than 100 million individuals in the US, was used to identify patients aged 18 to 64 years with a diagnosis claim for RA. Patients with conditions presenting similar to RA and missing demographic characteristics were excluded. Data analysis occurred between February 18 and May 5, 2022.ExposuresSuccess or failure to meet selected RA quality care markers within 1 year after RA diagnosis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrevalence of meeting successive quality care markers for RA.ResultsAmong 581 770 patients, 430 843 (74.1%) were women and the mean (SD) age was 48.9 (11.3) years. Most patients (236 285 [40.6%]) resided in the South and had an income less than or equal to $45 200 (490 366 [84.3%]). Of the total study population, 399 862 individuals (68.7%) met at least 1 quality care marker and 181 908 (31.3%) met 0 markers. Most commonly, patients met annual laboratory testing (299 323 [51.5%]) and referral to a rheumatologist (256 765 [44.1%]) markers. The least met marker was receiving hepatitis B screening prior to initiation of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy (18 548 [3.2%]). Women were most likely to meet all quality care markers except receiving DMARDs with hepatitis B screening (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.12-1.16). Individuals with lower median household income had lower odds of receiving a rheumatologist referral, an annual physical examination, or annual laboratory testing, but greater odds of receiving the other quality care markers. Patients with Medicare and those with comorbidities were generally less likely to meet quality care markers.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with RA, findings indicated downstream associations with rheumatologist referral and receiving DMARDs and varied associations between meeting quality care markers and patient characteristics. These findings suggest that prioritizing early care, especially for vulnerable patients, will ensure that quality care continues.
Further evidence in favour of a carbanion mechanism for glycolate oxidase
Authors: Pasquier Hélène , Lederer Florence 
Published: December 2022

The flavoenzyme glycolate oxidase oxidizes glycolic acid to glyoxylate and the latter, more slowly, to oxalate. It is a member of an FMN‐dependent enzyme family that oxidizes l‐2‐hydroxy acids to keto acids. There has been a controversy concerning the chemical mechanism of substrate oxidation by these enzymes. Do they proceed by hydride transfer, as observed for NAD‐dependent enzymes, or by initial formation of a carbanion that transfers the electrons to the flavin? The present work describes a comparison of the reactivity of glycolate, lactate and trifluorolactate with recombinant human glycolate oxidase, by means of rapid‐kinetics experiments in anaerobiosis. We show that trifluorolactate is a substrate for glycolate oxidase, whereas it is known as an inhibitor for NAD‐dependent enzymes, as is trifluoroethanol for NAD‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenases. Unexpectedly, it was observed that, once reduced, a flavin transfers an electron to an oxidized flavin, so that the end species is a flavin semiquinone, whatever the substrate. This phenomenon has not previously been described for a glycolate oxidase. Altogether, considering that another member of this flavoenzyme family (flavocytochrome b2, a lactate dehydrogenase) has also been shown to oxidize trifluorolactate (Lederer F et al. (2016) Biochim Biophys Acta 1864, 1215–21), this work provides another important piece of evidence which is hardly compatible with a hydride transfer mechanism for this flavoenzyme family.
Once (but not twice) upon a time: Narrative inoculation against conjunction errors indirectly reduces conspiracy beliefs and improves truth discernment
Authors: Biddlestone Mikey , Roozenbeek Jon , van der Linden Sander 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPsychological inoculation has proven effective at reducing susceptibility to misinformation. We present a novel storytelling approach to inoculation against susceptibility to the conjunction fallacy (dmeta‐analysis = 0.82), a known cognitive predictor of conspiracy beliefs. In Study 1 (Pilot; N = 161), a narrative inoculation (vs. control) reduced susceptibility to conjunction errors, and in turn, conspiracy beliefs regarding government malfeasance. In Study 2 (main experiment; N = 141; pre‐registered), two separate narrative inoculations (vs. control) directly reduced susceptibility to conjunction errors, and indirectly reduced conspiracy beliefs regarding extra‐terrestrial cover‐ups. In addition, the inoculation messages improved detection of both real and fake news (‘truth discernment’). We discuss theoretical and practical implications, including the use of inoculation to induce critical thinking styles, and tailoring inoculations that may suit storytelling mediums.
Deep‐Subwavelength Optical Spin Textures in Volume Plasmon Polaritons with Hyperbolic Metamaterials
Authors: Gan Shuaiwen , Shi Peng , Yang Aiping , Lin Min , Du Luping , Yuan Xiaocong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHyperbolic metamaterials can support extremely high‐k wavevectors, also known as volume plasmon polaritons, with highly directional propagation and light confinement to deep‐subwavelength scales. The number of high‐k modes has an inverse relationship with the overall thickness of hyperbolic metamaterials. Here, the optical spin textures from high‐k mode polaritons on the surface of silica–silver multilayer hyperbolic metamaterials are studied. The results demonstrate that with an increase in the overall thickness, the spin texture changes from a twisted structure to a Néel‐type photonic skyrmion, due to the decrease in the number of high‐k modes. Moreover, the size of a single photonic skyrmion is less than 1/2 of the light wavelength, and the full width at half maximum of the spin angular momentum is less than 1/9 of the light wavelength. This work is expected to facilitate new applications of hyperbolic metamaterials, such as spin‐dependent excitation and detection devices at the deep‐subwavelength level.
Ultrathin Broadband Metasurface Superabsorbers from a van der Waals Semimetal
Authors: Alfieri Adam D. , Motala Michael J. , Snure Michael , Lynch Jason , Kumar Pawan , Zhang Huiqin , Post Susanna , Bowen Timothy , Muratore Christopher , Robinson Joshua A. , Hendrickson Joshua R. , Glavin Nicholas R. , Jariwala Deep 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetamaterials and metasurfaces operating in the visible and near‐infrared (NIR) offer a promising route towards next‐generation photodetectors and devices for solar energy harvesting. While numerous metamaterials and metasurfaces using metals and semiconductors have been demonstrated, semimetals‐based metasurfaces in the vis‐NIR range are notably missing. This work experimentally demonstrates a broadband metasurface superabsorber based on large area, semimetallic, van der Waals platinum diselenide (PtSe2) thin films in agreement with electromagnetic simulations. The results show that PtSe2 is an ultrathin and scalable semimetal that concurrently possesses high index and high extinction across the vis‐NIR range. Consequently, the thin‐film PtSe2 on a reflector separated by a dielectric spacer can absorb >85% for the unpatterned case and ≈97% for the optimized 2D metasurface in the 400–900 nm range making it one of the strongest and thinnest broadband perfect absorbers to date. The results present a scalable approach to photodetection and solar energy harvesting, demonstrating the practical utility of high index, high extinction semimetals for nanoscale optics.
Antibody responses to the host microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lal Devyani , Song Lusheng , Brar Tripti , Cope Emily K. , Keim Paul , Williams Stacy , Chung Yunro , Murugan Vel , LaBaer Joshua , Magee D. Mitchell 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe role of microbes in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is poorly understood. We hypothesize that analyzing prior microbial exposures via assessing microbial protein serological reactivity in CRS versus controls may offer insights for CRS etiopathogenesis.MethodsWe profiled IgG and IgA antibodies to individual microbial proteins in serum samples of CRS patients and controls using a novel high‐throughput microarray protein technology, Nucleic Acid Programmable Protein Array (NAPPA). The study was conducted on 118 subjects (39 CRS, 79 controls). A CRS‐focused NAPPA array, with 1557 potentially sero‐reactive microbial proteins elected from a pre‐screening of 6500 genes of interest was constructed. It included membrane‐associated proteins from 47 bacterial species and all proteins from 43 viral strains. Differences between CRS and controls were compared across individual antimicrobial antibodies and the species.ResultsChronic rhinosinusitis patients had significantly elevated antimicrobial antibodies compared with controls. One bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) and three viral strains (human metapneumovirus, human herpesvirus 5, and human herpesvirus 4) were identified as sources of the proteins that showed significantly elevated sero‐reactivity in CRS patients. Within CRS, patients with polyps had elevated antibodies against S. aureus, influenza A virus (H1N1, H3N2), and rhinovirus B14. CRS patients without polyps showed more antibodies against human herpesvirus 1 and vaccinia virus WR.ConclusionsCompared with healthy controls, CRS patients’ serum samples showed significantly increased sero‐reactivity to both bacterial and viral proteins, reflecting recent or current infection or active colonization. Significantly higher antibodies against S. aureus, human metapneumovirus, human herpesvirus 5, and human herpesvirus 4 in CRS need further study.
Rudolph Clausius (1822–1888) and His Concept of Mathematical Physics
Authors: Orphal Johannes 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRudolph Clausius is well known as a pioneer of the mechanical theory of heat (1857) and as the creator of the concept of entropy (1865). Oftentimes, he is also called the discoverer of the second law of thermodynamics although some argue that this law was already established by Sadi Carnot in 1824 (while still based on the caloric theory). But beyond any doubt, it was Clausius who gave in 1850 the first mathematically correct formulation of the first law (in its differential form that is still valid today, dQ = dU + pdV) and a particularly stringent exposition of both the necessity and independence of the two laws, indeed a logical masterpiece. This paper focuses on his concept of mathematical physics for the development of theoretical physics, contributions that have changed physics well beyond the field of thermodynamics.
Erfahrungssammlung zum Rückbau von Brücken
Authors: von Weschpfennig Dieter , Müller Matthias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDamit die gut ausgebaute Verkehrsinfrastruktur in Deutschland auch zukünftig den Anforderungen aus der stetig steigenden Verkehrsleistung dauerhaft gerecht wird, ist eine Vielzahl von Brücken zu modernisieren. Die weitreichendste Modernisierungsmaßnahme ist der Ersatzneubau. Wesentliche Gründe für die Modernisierung sind die ungünstige Altersstruktur der Brückenbauwerke, der prognostizierte Anstieg des Güterverkehrs sowie die Zunahme von disruptiven Ereignissen. Bestandteil des Ersatzneubaus ist dann zunächst mindestens ein Teilrückbau bzw. vollständiger Rückbau des alten Bauwerks. Erschwerend kommt meist hinzu, dass der Rück‐ und Neubau mit einem Minimum an Verkehrseinschränkungen auszuführen ist und somit häufig unter laufendem Verkehr gearbeitet werden muss. Ziel war es, für diese Aufgabe den bauenden Verwaltungen eine Erfahrungssammlung zum Rückbau von Brücken zur Verfügung zu stellen. Mit der Erfahrungssammlung wurde ein erster Schritt in Richtung Standardisierung beim Rückbau von Brücken im Bundesfernstraßenbereich getätigt.