bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What could be more fundamental?
Authors: Langacker Ronald W. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Contrast and analogy are viewed in the context of a much larger picture. They are traced back to an
essential feature of living organisms: their constant engagement in energy-driven activity responsible for maintenance
and growth. Structure and regularity inhere in the organization imposed by this “striving for control”. For sentient
creatures, this striving involves the fundamental capacity to compare experiences and detect any difference between
them. Contrast and analogy are aspects of comparison that figure in even minimal, low-level cases (like perceiving a
difference in pitch); contrast is just the registration of discrepancy, while analogy resides in the similarity
providing the basis for assessment. They are thus inherent in an abstract model of the striving for control and the
growth it engenders. This model offers a general characterization of their myriad linguistic manifestations, being
applicable to any kind of experience (perceptual, motor, mental, social) at any level of organization. Here I examine
the role of contrast and analogy in three broad aspects of language structure: paradigmatic relations, including
categorization and systemic organization; syntagmatic relations, i.e. the formation of complex expressions and
discourse sequences; and the conceptual structures these invoke, notably cases (like modals and negation) where the
striving for control is central to their content.
Diagrammatic iconicity and rendering time in a narrative text
Authors: Tabakowska Elżbieta 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Like contrast and analogy, iconicity defined as correspondence of form and meaning stems from the ability
of human mind to observe similarity between entities. When similarity is perceived and considered with reference to
difference, it gives rise to analogy. In this sense, analogy and contrast can be seen as two sides of a single
“cognitive coin”. Both underlie iconicity (especially individual types of diagrammatic iconicity), which is a
significant property of texts, with the difference between “the literary” and “the non-literary” being mainly a matter
of degree. I discuss some examples of the functioning of diagrammatic iconicity on all levels of text organization and
substantiate the claim that it is one of the reasons why a translation of a text can only be partly analogous
(equivalent?) to the original, the relation between the two being that of (stronger or weaker) contrast.
‘My enemy’s enemy is my friend.’
Authors: Imrényi András 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In Hungarian generative grammar, the terms topic and focus designate structural positions associated with
logico-semantic functions. The present chapter highlights the fact that elements sharing the behaviour of “topics” and
“foci” are highly varied, and that logico-semantic definitions only capture prioritized subsets of the relevant data.
I argue that preverbal, inversion-triggering elements (“foci” and the negative particle) are overriders, with their
semantic commonality depending on relationships of contrast vis-à-vis a baseline clause type, that of neutral positive
declarative clauses. With regard to sentence-initial, weakly stressed expressions (“topics” and “sentence
adverbials”), I propose that they are contextualizers, generating supporting context for the processing of a message.
Here, the baseline can be identified as the situation where no explicit contextualization is necessary. The
possibility for two patterns to be similar indirectly, by virtue of standing in contrast with a third one, will be
referred to as the ‘my enemy’s enemy is my friend’ principle of linguistic organization.
Emergent categories
Authors: Glynn Dylan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study considers the methodological implications of the usage-based model (Langacker 1987) for a description of prototype-structured categorisation (Lakoff 1987). The usage-based model places repeated analogical judgements at
the heart of language processing as well as positing that the repetition of this process, across speech events, is
responsible for grammatical competence. Semasiological structure represents one of the most challenging types of
conceptual categorisation and is the focus of the case study on the semantics of the lexeme time in
contemporary American English. The study examines the methodological adequacy of the Behavioural Profile Approach
(Dirven et al. 1982; Geeraerts et al. 1994; Gries 2003) in
accounting for that complexity in a cognitively plausible manner. It is shown how the method quantifiably accounts for
the emergent many-to-many structures interpretable as structured polysemy.
Modeling constructional variation
Authors: Krawczak Karolina 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter is a corpus-based quantitative investigation of an alternation between clausal and nominal
complements observed for complex causal adpositions in Polish. Constructional alternations represent an excellent
example of analogy and contrast in language. Not only do they encode conceptually comparable and yet subtly
contrastive content in structurally contrasting forms, but the choice between them is necessarily determined by
analogical reasoning. The primary objective of this study is to establish what contrasts conceptually the two forms
and therefore determines the speaker’s choice of one of the two constructions and their corresponding construals.
While so doing, the study tests empirically a specific hypothesis informed by relevant prior research. The hypothesis
in question concerns the impact of the discursive status of information (i.e., its newness vs. givenness) on the
choice between clausal and nominal complements of complex causal adpositions. The results, obtained through
multivariate modelling of the data, provide evidence to corroborate the importance of this explanatory variable.
Moving reader or moving text?
Authors: Huumo Tuomas , Teeri-Niknammoghadam Krista 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with metaphors of text organization that are instantiated by metaphorical
expressions pertaining to metatextual relations, i.e. relations between different parts of a text or between a text
and its reader (e.g. as noted in the foregoing chapters). The purpose of the study is to
examine metaphors of text organization denoted by Finnish front and back gram (adposition and
adverb) constructions, and to compare the system of metaphors of text organization to the previously attested system
for spatial metaphors of time. The study builds upon the system for metaphors of text organization presented by Huumo (2016), and expands on it by analyzing data extracted from online
discussion messages posted at the Finnish social networking site Suomi24.
Contrasts and analogies in cluster categories of emotion concepts in monolingual and cross-linguistic
contexts
Authors: Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk Barbara , Wilson Paul 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
The chapter focuses on the similarities and contrasts in the nature, function and cognitive semantic
description of British English versus Polish moral emotion cluster concepts in their contrastive and translational
contexts, particularly of contempt and its relationship with disgust and anger. The first
part of the chapter is devoted to the role of analogy in cross-cultural variation in emotion concepts. The
presentation of the cluster nature of such concepts is framed in terms of particular Emotion Events (Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk and Wilson 2013) and is taken as an analogous point of
departure in their intra- and cross-linguistic analysis. Three complementary and multidisciplinary methodological
paradigms were employed: GRID instrument, online emotions sorting task, and cognitive corpus-based linguistics. The
conclusions indicate areas of analogy in the semantic content of the examined clusters of emotion concepts, on the one
hand, and intra- and inter-linguistic contrasts, on the other.
Verb conjugation errors by learners of Korean
Authors: Lee Chanyoung 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This study aims to identify patterns of verb conjugation errors that learners of Korean manifest and the factors
that influence these errors through an analysis of an error-annotated learner corpus. For this purpose, a paradigmatic
relations-based description of language acquisition was proposed. The predictability of each conjugation class was estimated by
way of entropy, a tool for measuring predictability. Using entropy allowed us to compare the regularity of each class in detail.
The results showed that there are 332 verb conjugation errors that can be classified into three types of errors: errors with vowel
endings, errors with lower entropy, and errors with higher entropy. The frequency of the first two types suggests that learners
make errors when producing frequently used conjugated forms and with more predictable classes. Considering this study’s
reproducibility and the reliability of its procedures and the results, its findings are expected to make a substantial
contribution to the study of error analysis using error-annotated learner corpora.
Auditory processing disorder in elderly
Authors: Kamali Behnoush , Khavarghazalani Bahareh , Hosseini Dastgerdi Zahra 
Published: September 2022

Objectives
With an increase in age, peripheral hearing loss and CNS changes occur both structurally and functionally. These changes affect the processes of hearing and listening and auditory data processing. The elderly subjects with normal or near normal auditory sensitivity experience degrees of age-related auditory processing disorder. This study aimed to explore these changes in the elderly population and to compare them with young subjects.

Methods
In the present study, the dichotic digits test (DDT) was performed to evaluate the binaural auditory processing, and the gap in noise (GIN) detection test was performed to assess the auditory temporal processing function.

Results
A significant difference was found in the mean approximate threshold and percent of correct answers of GIN between the old and young subjects (p < 0.05). There was also a significant difference in the mean score of DDT in each ear between the two groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The results showed that binaural auditory processing and auditory temporal processing capabilities reduce in the elderly. Early detection of these changes in the elderly and the design of appropriate rehabilitation programs can markedly improve the performance of elderly people.
GaAs membrane PhC lasers threshold reduction using AlGaAs barriers and improved processing
Authors: Flores Esparza Sergio Iván , Lecestre Aurélie , Dubreuil Pascal , Arnoult Alexandre , Mlayah Adnen , Monmayrant Antoine , Gauthier-Lafaye Olivier 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Active suspended membranes are an ideal test-bench for experimenting with novel laser geometries and principles. We show that adding thin AlGaAs barrier near the top and bottom Air/GaAs interfaces of the membrane significantly reduces the carriers non-radiative recombinations and decreases the threshold of test photonic crystal test lasers. We review the existing literature on photonic crystal membrane fabrication and propose an overview of the significant defects that can be induced by each fabrication step. Finally we propose a complete processing scheme that overcome most of these defects.
Measured low-energy x-ray spectra of interest in diagnostic radiology and mammography
Authors: Hernandez-Guzman Abel , Moreno-Ramírez Adriana , Massillon-JL Guerda 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. In cities situated at high-altitude, the measured x-ray spectra are required to calculate the absorbed dose to water in radiobiology and medical dosimetry because of the air-density effect. This work aims to measure, in a high-altitude city, a set of x-ray spectra from an x-ray tube with tungsten anode generated at potentials of the M-series x-ray beams from NIST in the range of 20 and 150 kV as well as other beam qualities that have been characterized and used for dosimetry study in our group called W-series. To also measure some spectra of mammography interest in the energy range of 25 and 35 kV using additional filtration of rhodium (Rh), molybdenum (Mo) and silver (Ag). Approach. A tungsten anode x-ray tube with potential between 10 to and 160 kV was used. A high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector associated with a DSPEC Jr 2.0TM digital signal processing module has been used for the spectra measurements. Prior the spectra measurements, the HPGe detector has been characterized and calibrated using several radioactive sources. Main results. The M80 spectrum was compared to a mathematically filtered beam from Physicalisch Technische Bundesanstalt corresponding to the same potential finding a difference of 0.7% in the average energy. So, the mathematically filtered beam from PTB matches very well our M80 beam. The beams M80, M100 and M120 were also compared with calculations for the corresponding kilovoltage from an executable that calculates x-ray spectra from tungsten anode x-ray tubes in the energy range between 40 to 300 kV called SpekCalc. The SpekCalc reproduces qualitatively the experimental spectra, but not quantitatively, mainly for M100 and M120 beams. Significance. These spectra can be used to simulate the patient dose as well as image quality using Monte Carlo (MC) codes or to evaluate the absorbed dose in dosimetry studies
Optimal bipolar system positioning to provide information about the trapezius activity associated with scapular retraction during shoulder exercises for resistance training
Authors: Dos Anjos F V , Boccia G , Brustio P R , Rainoldi A , Gazzoni M 
Published: September 2022

Abstract

Objective. Recently, the use of EMG biofeedback to make subjects aware of the stabilizer activation associated with scapular retraction during exercise has been of interest, and challenges related to EMG detection have been addressed. Whether there is an optimal bipolar positioning that discriminates the stabilizer activation with retraction from a neutral scapular position during resistance exercises is an open issue that we address here by simultaneously mapping different positions using high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG). Approach. Sixteen resistance-trained males performed five pulling exercises with and without scapular retraction, namely barbell rows, dumbbell rows, pull-downs at a lat machine, seated rows, and TRX (total resistance exercises) system rows. HD-sEMG was acquired in a monopolar mode from the medial and lower trapezius (8 × 4 electrodes and inter-electrode distance (ied): 10 mm) and different bipolar systems were simulated in terms of positioning, interelectrode distance, and orientation with respect to the spine: longitudinal with three ieds (20 mm, 30 mm, and 40 mm), one transversal, and two diagonals (ied: 20 mm), totalling six EMG sets. To identify the optimal electrode pair that was able to distinguish between the presence or absence of scapular retraction, we computed: (i) the root mean square (RMS) map for each condition and the difference between them, obtaining a differential RMS map per subject; and (ii) the intersection of cumulative maps, by summing the differential (binary) maps from all subjects. Main results. For the lower trapezius, the results revealed that the diagonal direction (45 degrees; ied: 20 mm) obtained the greater occurrence of intersecting segments within and between exercises than the other electrode configurations, showing low variability for the optimal positioning across exercises. Electrode configuration varied within and between the pulling exercises for the medial trapezius. Significance. This study allows us to identify an optimal bipolar positioning (consistent across subjects and exercises) for lower trapezius activity assessment, representing a guideline for electrode positioning when EMG biofeedback is adopted for selective activation of the lower trapezius during pulling exercises.
Streamer propagation in humid air
Authors: Malagón-Romero Alejandro , Luque Alejandro 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We investigate the effect of humidity on the propagation of streamers in air. We present a minimal set of chemical reactions that takes into account the presence of water in a nonthermal air plasma and considers ionization, attachment, detachment, recombination and ion conversion including water cluster formation. We find differences in streamer propagation between dry and humid air that we attribute mostly to an enhanced effective attachment rate in humid air, leading to higher breakdown electric field and threshold field for propagation. This higher effective attachment rate in humid conditions leads to a faster decay of the conductivity in the streamer channel, which hinders the accumulation of charge in the streamer head. In some cases a propagating streamer solution still exists at the expense of a smaller radius and lower velocity. In other cases a high humidity leads to the stagnation of the streamer. We finally discuss how all these statements may affect streamer branching and the dimensions and lifetime of a streamer corona.
A study on GaN-based betavoltaic batteries
Authors: Toprak A , Yılmaz D , Özbay E 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a GaN-based betavoltaic epitaxial structure was grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition and a p-type ohmic contact was studied for different Ni/Au metal thickness ratios, temperature dependent in N2:O2 (1:1) gas atmosphere and different surface treatments for this epitaxial structure. Transfer length method measurements were done after each different process condition in order to check specific contact resistivities. GaN-based betavoltaic batteries were fabricated and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used as an electron source to test these devices. For this purpose, devices connected to a printed circuit board were exposed to an electron current of 1.5 nA with 17 keV energy in the SEM. For 1 × 1 mm2 devices, a dark current value of 2.8 pA at 0 V, fill factor of 0.35, maximum power conversion efficiency of 3.92%, and maximum output power of 1 µW were obtained.
Trap-assisted tunneling current and quantum efficiency loss in InGaAsSb short wavelength infrared photo detectors
Authors: Li Nong , Wang Guowei , Jiang Dongwei , Zhou Wenguang , Chang Faran , Lin Fangqi , Chen Weiqiang , Jiang Junkai , Xu Xueyue , She Lifang , Cui Suning , Liu Bing , Hao Hongyue , Wu Donghai , Xu Yingqiang , Niu Zhichuan 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
We report the trap-assisted tunneling current and quantum efficiency (QE) loss in short wavelength infrared In0.22Ga0.78As0.2Sb0.8 photo detectors. Combining experiment data with a current–voltage model, we found that the trap-assisted tunneling current was boosted by increasing Beryllium (Be) doping in active region at room temperature. However higher Be doping level imposes no negative impacts on QE. Four traps with energy levels located at 49

meV

, 60

meV

, 155

meV

and 199

meV

below conduction band minimum in a In0.22Ga0.78As0.2Sb0.8 alloy are extracted from the fitting of I–V curves. Transparency measurement of an un-intentional doped In0.22Ga0.78As0.2Sb0.8 sample yields an absorption coefficient of 5191 cm−1 at 2.25

μ

m

. Combining with the measured value of absorption coefficient, the QE dependence on diode length of In0.22Ga0.78As0.2Sb0.8 photo detectors is presented. Finally, by fitting quantum efficiencies of In0.22Ga0.78As0.2Sb0.8 photo detectors, we obtained that the minority electrons diffusion length is larger than 4

μ

m

and the minority holes diffusion length is 0.2

μ

m

. QE loss occurs at top N region of In0.22Ga0.78As0.2Sb0.8 photo detectors due to a short holes diffusion length.
Model transformation from a hollow Gaussian beam to an Airy Gaussian beam
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Liu Zhirong , Wang Xun 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Model transformation from a hollow Gaussian beam (HGB) to an Airy Gaussian beam (AGB) was investigated based on the optical Airy transformation method. The HGB was transformed into a superposition of finite Airy beam via an optical Airy transformation system (OATS). Analytical expression of the AGB was deduced and used to demonstrate the produced AGB’s characteristics. Results showed that the intensity distribution and the number of side lobes of the AGB were determined by the control parameters α and β of the OATS, and the order n of the incident beam. In addition, a hollow Gaussian beam with a certain mode could be obtained by an incidence of an Airy Gaussian beam with a certain modulation parameter through the OATS. Results obtained here indicated that the model transformation between a Gaussian beam and an Airy beam could be realized by the optical Airy transformation method, which method would be valuable in generating of a novel kind of Airy beam and exploiting practical applications of the HGB.
Core localized alpha-channeling via low frequency Alfvén mode generation in reversed shear scenarios
Authors: Wei Shizhao , Wang Tao , Chen Liu , Zonca Fulvio , Qiu Zhiyong 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
A novel channel for fuel ions heating in tokamak core plasma is proposed and analyzed using nonlinear gyrokinetic theory. The channel is achieved via spontaneous decay of reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode (RSAE) into low frequency Alfvén modes, which then heat fuel ions via collisionless ion Landau damping. The conditions for RSAE spontaneous decay are investigated, and the saturation level and the consequent fuel ion heating rate are also derived. The channel is expected to be crucial for future reactors operating under reversed shear configurations, where fusion alpha particles are generated in the tokamak core with the magnetic shear being, typically, reversed, and there is a dense RSAE spectrum due to the small alpha particle characteristic dimensionless orbits.
3D full wave fast wave modeling with realistic HHFW antenna geometry and SOL plasma in NSTX-U
Authors: Bertelli N. , Shiraiwa S. , Ono M. 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
This paper reports the significant advancement of our ability to model and to understand how RF waves interact with the SOL plasma, by developing for the full torus 3D scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma simulation together with the antenna and core plasma in the NSTX-U device in HHFW frequency regime for a cold plasma model. The present paper extends the previous modeling (Bertelli et al 2020 AIP Conf. Proc. 2254 030001) to a full 3D device geometry including realistic antenna geometry in order to capture a more realistic experimental situation including the fully 3D wave field effects and the antenna plasma interaction in the SOL plasma, and, at the same time, resulting core wave propagation. The central tool of the present work is the Petra-M code, which is a newly developed state-of-the-art generic electromagnetic simulation tool for modeling RF wave propagation based on MFEM (http://mfem.org), an open source scalable C++ finite element method library.
Mechanical properties of chemically bonded phosphate ceramics with incorporation of barium ions
Authors: Zezulova A , Dzurov M , Palou M T 
Published: September 2022

Abstract
Chemically bonded phosphate ceramic is an advanced ceramic material with unique physicochemical properties. The ceramic is formed by an acid-base reaction at ambient temperature. This work is focused on the preparation of this ceramic with barium ions incorporated in the matrix. The shielding of different types of ionization is usually poor in this binder; barium as a heavy element increases material resistance to ionization energy. As part of the development of composites for radiation shielding, the paper describes partial research on the possibility of preparing chemically bonded phosphate ceramic incorporating barium and having good mechanical properties.