bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicology of insecticides — theory, implemented in practice
Authors: Vlasova О. , Sekun M. , Zatserkliana M. 
Published: January 2022

Goal. Ecological and toxicological substantiation of improving the chemical protection of agricultural crops and perennial plantations from harmful arthropods based on the updated assortment of insectoacaricides, the properties of chemicals and the characteristics of harmful insect and mite species in the technology of growing strategic crops.
Methods. The sensitivity of phytophages was investigated on natural populations collectedё on crops of certain crops and determined by various methods of poisoning adopted in toxicology. The coefficient of selectivity of the insecticide in the phytophage — entomophage system was calculated by the ratio CK50 , % a.v. for phytophage to SC50 , % a.v. for an entomophage. The effect of urea on the properties of working solutions of chemical and microbiological preparations was studied in their mixture using special techniques.
Results. Studies have shown different susceptibility of natural arthropod populations to modern insecticides, which have different selective effects on entomophages. The selectivity factor ranged from 15 to 560. Improved anti-resistance system to protect crops from harmful arthropods. The information on the possibilities of joint application of insecticides of different nature with Urea in a single technological process is generalized, which leads to a significant reduction in the evaporation of drops of solution from the treated surface.
Conclusions. Expansion of the range of pesticides, especially those with a different mechanism of toxic action, makes it possible to prevent or slow down the development of resistance in arthropods to insecticides. An improved anti-resistance system for protecting agricultural crops from harmful arthropods provides a decrease in the toxic load on the agrocenosis and a reversal of resistance to the initial parameters. Urea is an active anti-evaporation agent for working solutions of insecticides of various nature.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND MOLECULAR TYPING OF Salmonella spp. ISOLATED FROM POULTRY IN KHARTOUM STATE, SUDAN
Authors: Hag Elsafi Hassan , Siddig Mohamed Amin Mohamed , Muckle Anne , Martinez-Urtaza Jaime 
Published: January 2022

Salmonella is considered one of the main foodborne pathogens. In this study a total of 38 Salmonella isolates were recovered from 679 (5.6 %) specimens collected within Khartoum State. The specimens included, intestinal contents 11.4% (14/160) egg 7% (7/99), liver 5% (5/100) skin 5% (10/200), feed 0% (0/40%), water 0% (0/100).. Serotyping revealed the presence of eight serovars: Kentucky 11 (28.9%), Stanleyville 8 (21.05%), Virchow 6 (16%), Alachua 5 (13.16%), Blockley 4 (10.53%), Hadar 2 (5.26%), Typhimurium 1 (2.63%) and Havana 1 (2.63%). Antibiotic resistance profile, using disc diffusion method, indicated that all isolates were sensitive to apramycin, chloramphenicol, cefoperazone and cefotaxime. The 38 isolates were found to be resistant to tetracycline (52.6%), nalidixic acid (50.0%), compound sulfonamide (44.7%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (31.6%), streptomycin (26.3%), gentamycin (15.8%), neomycin (15.8%), furazolidone (7.9%), ampicillin (5.3%), ciprofloxacin (5.3%), amikacin (2.6%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (2.6%), ceftazidime (2.6%), and colistin (2.6%) in decreasing order. Only 20 isolates (52.6%) demonstrated multiple drug resistance. Four of the Salmonella isolates were untypable by XbaI Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) technique however the 33 typed isolates were differentiated into 22 PFGE patterns. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of Salmonella spp. form poultry.
ANALISIS KETERTARIKAN GENERASI MILENIAL UNTUK PERANCANGAN BATIK MALANGAN
Authors: Audianty Syafira , Sunarya Yan Yan 
Published: January 2022

Motif is a creativity that is formed from the inspiration of the people who living in it, so it different from one place to another. Malangan lotus flower batik motifs is one of the examples, but this icon and batik motif is still less desirable so there are efforts to popularize Malangan batik. This design development is not only aims to produce new batik designs that are in accordance with local wisdom, but also has a social and economic impact. With ATUMICS method, it become an investment for the Malang area in the future. The revitalization is aimed to creating new batik designs for the millennials who are considered to have the power to boost the regional economy and wealth. This research aims to analyze and understand the millennial’s interest in traditional batik and the development of Malang lotus flower batik to create new batik designs. The analysis includes the millennial generation's interest in visuals and batik fashion products. The research method used is a mixed method, a qualitative method is to obtain literature studies, on the other hand quantitative method is to get the millennial respondents. From this research, it can be concluded that the visual and design product are important variables in the development of new design batik Malangan lotus flower, so that it can be a reference in increasing commercial value and attractiveness to the community.
Keywords: Batik, Local Wisdom, Lotus, Malang, Millennial Generation.
Des patrons aux ex-pairs
Authors: Aust Jérôme , Clément Pierre , Gally Natacha , Gozlan Clémentine , Ollion Étienne , Picard Emmanuelle 
Published: January 2022

Depuis le milieu des années 2000, la réforme de l’évaluation et du financement de la recherche et la mise en place d’agences dédiées à son gouvernement ont souvent été analysées comme une remise en cause de la place des scientifiques dans le pilotage des politiques de recherche. Cet article montre pour sa part que les transformations contemporaines de la participation des membres de la profession académique aux politiques scientifiques s’enracinent dans une histoire longue, qui débute dès les années 1960. En s’appuyant sur le cas de la biomédecine, il étudie, sur une soixantaine d’années, le triple processus d’expansion, de division du travail et de spécialisation des rôles qui caractérise le gouvernement de la recherche dans ce domaine scientifique. L’analyse socio-historique permet d’expliquer le passage du gouvernement des patrons à celui d’ex-pairs en reliant les évolutions morphologiques du réseau formé par celles et ceux qui gouvernent la science aux réformes successives des politiques scientifiques.
La naissance de l’anti-hégélianisme
Authors: Vuillerod Jean-Baptiste 
Published: January 2022

Contre une lecture simpliste de l’anti-hégélianisme qui caractérise les œuvres de Louis Althusser et de Michel Foucault dans les années 1960, l’ouvrage propose un parcours dans les textes de jeunesse de ces philosophes pour mettre au jour l’ancrage hégélien de leurs problématiques. À l’aide de nombreux documents d’archives et d’une lecture minutieuse de l’évolution intellectuelle d’Althusser et de Foucault, cet ouvrage cherche à montrer comment ces derniers ont élaboré leur pensée à travers une critique immanente de l’hégélianisme. La compréhension renouvelée de la raison, du sujet et de l’histoire qui s’est développée dans la philosophie française des années 1960 nous apparaît dès lors de manière nouvelle : loin de s’être construite unilatéralement contre Hegel, la formidable réinvention philosophique qui a eu lieu à cette époque est née d’un dialogue, conflictuel mais fécond, avec l’œuvre hégélienne. Le sens et la vision que nous avons de la philosophie française du second XXe siècle dans son ensemble s’en trouvent ainsi profondément transformés.
Jean-Baptiste Vuillerod est agrégé et docteur en philosophie. Il a publié Hegel féministe. Les aventures d’Antigone (Vrin, 2020), Adorno et la domination de la nature (Amsterdam, 2021) et a notamment dirigé le dossier « Spinoza révolutionnaire ? La lecture de Gilles Deleuze » aux Archives de philosophie (2021). Il a également assuré l’édition scientifique du texte de Jacques Martin, L’individu chez Hegel (ENS Éditions, 2020).
Microfluidic Squeezing Enables MHC Class I Antigen Presentation by Diverse Immune Cells to Elicit CD8+ T Cell Responses with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Booty Matthew G , Hlavaty Kelan A , Stockmann Adam , Ozay Emrah Ilker , Smith Carolyne , Tian Lina , How Edylle , Subramanya Disha , Venkitaraman Anita , Yee Christian , Pryor Olivia , Volk Kelly , Blagovic Katarina , Vicente-Suarez Ildefonso , Yarar Defne , Myint Melissa , Merino Amy , Chow Jonathan , Abdeljawad Tarek , An Harry , Liu Sophia , Mao Shirley , Heimann Megan , Talarico LeeAnn , Jacques Miye K , Chong Eritza , Pomerance Lucas , Gonzalez John T , von Andrian Ulrich H , Jensen Klavs F , Langer Robert , Knoetgen Hendrik , Trumpfheller Christine , Umaña Pablo , Bernstein Howard , Sharei Armon , Loughhead Scott M 
Published: January 2022

Abstract
CD8+ T cell responses are the foundation of the recent clinical success of immunotherapy in oncologic indications. Although checkpoint inhibitors have enhanced the activity of existing CD8+ T cell responses, therapeutic approaches to generate Ag-specific CD8+ T cell responses have had limited success. Here, we demonstrate that cytosolic delivery of Ag through microfluidic squeezing enables MHC class I presentation to CD8+ T cells by diverse cell types. In murine dendritic cells (DCs), squeezed DCs were ∼1000-fold more potent at eliciting CD8+ T cell responses than DCs cross-presenting the same amount of protein Ag. The approach also enabled engineering of less conventional APCs, such as T cells, for effective priming of CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Mixtures of immune cells, such as murine splenocytes, also elicited CD8+ T cell responses in vivo when squeezed with Ag. We demonstrate that squeezing enables effective MHC class I presentation by human DCs, T cells, B cells, and PBMCs and that, in clinical scale formats, the system can squeeze up to 2 billion cells per minute. Using the human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) murine model, TC-1, we demonstrate that squeezed B cells, T cells, and unfractionated splenocytes elicit antitumor immunity and correlate with an influx of HPV-specific CD8+ T cells such that &gt;80% of CD8s in the tumor were HPV specific. Together, these findings demonstrate the potential of cytosolic Ag delivery to drive robust CD8+ T cell responses and illustrate the potential for an autologous cell-based vaccine with minimal turnaround time for patients.
Sero – Prevalence of Rubella Virus Igm among Pregnant Women Attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Abdulkadir S. , Kutama R.M. , Aminu A. 
Published: January 2022

The 96 well micro-titer plate was first secured in the holder, a data sheet with sample identification was prepared, leaving one well for blank, one hundred micro- liter of negative control was added to the next 3 wells, then 100μL of positive control to the following 2 wells. One hundred micro - liter of the sample diluents was added into each of the test wells which were followed by adding 10μL of specimen into each of the wells containing sample diluents. 300 pregnant women screened for the rubella IgM antibody, a total of 12(4.0%) were positive, in the young adults category of 15-24 years 88 pregnant women were screened with 5(1.7%) testing positive. One hundred and forty four were within 25-34 age group with 4(1.3%) seropositive. Three (1.0%) 0f the 68 women in 34-44 age group were positive. The highest prevalence was found in the young adult’s category of 15-24 age groups. The research provided an evidence of relatively low prevalence and a high percentage of susceptible population which is an evidence that many in the population are susceptible to rubella virus infection. The findings of an immune response in first trimester of pregnancy indicates 90% chances of passage to the feotus with serious complications. There is need for awareness creation on rubella virus and congenital rubella syndrome with increase in disease surveillance nationwide. With high level of susceptible population coupled with no immunization policy on rubella in the country underscores the need for initiating organized routine screening and vaccination among healthcare workers, children, adolescents and women of child bearing age as well as ascertaining the potency of vaccines prior to recommendation for vaccination.
Keywords: Sero – Prevalence, Rubella Virus, Pregnant Women
Analgesic Activity of Methanol Leaf Extract of Tamarindus Indica Plant in Mice and Rats
Authors: Highab Salisu Muhammad , Raji Ismaila , Abubakar Abdulhakim , Hassan Fatima Ismail 
Published: January 2022

Tamarindus indica has several folkloric uses in the treatment of various ailments. This study evaluated the analgesic activity of methanol leaf extract of Tamarindus indica (MLETI) in mice and Wistar rats. Acute toxicity studies were conducted using both the modified method of Lorke and OECD 425 guidelines. The analgesic activity was tested using acetic acid-induced writhing test, hot plate and formalin-induced hind-paw licking. Glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugars, steroids and terpenoids were identified from the MLETI following phytochemical analysis. The LD50 was above 5000 mg/kg in both species. Compared to controls, the MLETI (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) produced significant (p<0.001) dose-dependent reductions (33.6%, 35.5% and 47.2%) in acetic acid-induced writhes in the treated mice. MLETI also produced significant (p<0.005) analgesic effect with the hot plate-induced pain and significantly (p<0.001) inhibited formalin-induced paw-licking response in test rats compared to controls. This was higher in the second phase compared to the early phase at all the tested doses. The methanol leaf extract of Tamarindus indica possesses analgesic activity. It also contained glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, reducing sugars, steroids and terpenoids, some/all of which may be responsible for the observed centrally and peripherally mediated analgesic activities.
Keyword: Analgesic, Fabaceae, mice, Tamarindus indica, Wistar rats
Pharmacognostic and Antibacterial Effect of Citrullus lanatus Leaves against Selected Respiratory Tract Pathogens
Authors: Wapa S.L. , Haruna H. , Namadina M.M. 
Published: January 2022

Bacterial species have been reported to develop resistance to antibiotics commonly prescribed for respiratory tract infections. Therefore, the need to search for natural products for the remedy of this problem cannot be overemphasized. The extraction of Citrullus lanatus leaves was carried out using cold maceration extraction method. Chemomicroscopical and phytochemical analysis were carried out using the standard methods. Agar well diffusion, agar dilution and spread plate methods were employed to determine the zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and rate of kill respectively. Chemomicroscopical evaluation revealed the presence of cellulose, tannins, starch, lignin, calcium oxalate, suberin, aleurone grain and mucilage with the exception of calcium carbonate. Phytochemical screening of Citrullus lanatus revealed the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoid as secondary metabolites. The antibacterial activity result indicated that S. aureus showed higher zone of inhibition (20 mm and 24 mm) followed by K.pneumoniae (18 mm and 22 mm) and P. aeruginosa (18 mm and 20 mm) at a concentration of 250 mg/ml in aqueous and methanol extract respectively. The two extracts showed broad spectrum of activity and moderate M.I.C and M.B.C values ranging from 15.625 mg/ml – 31.25 mg/ml respectively. LD50 of both extracts was above 5000 mg/kg and did not cause mortality in all the tested rats. The results of this investigation may be useful for deriving doses that are safe for human consumption medicinally.. This study has justified the traditional use of Citrullus lanatus leaf extract in the treatment of respiratory tract infection caused by bacteria.
Keywords: Agar well diffusion, Chemomicroscopical, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum bactericidal concentration, phytochemical, Citrullus lanatus
Health Risk Effect of Heavy Metals from Pesticides in Vegetables and Soils: A Review
Authors: Jibrin M , Abdulhameed A , Nayaya A.J , Ezra A. G 
Published: January 2022

Vegetables are vital to the human diet, and in particular provide the well-known nutrients to maintain normal physiological functions. The prolonged application of large amount of pesticides has resulted in heavy metal accumulation in vegetable farms. Exposure to heavy metals by the consumption of contaminated vegetables and its toxicity is a serious concern. This article reviews the effect of pesticides, heavy metals, heavy metals in vegetables, heavy metals in soil and transfer of heavy metals from soil to plants. However, a limited number of studies were found in the data base that examined the reduction of nutrients in vegetables due to heavy metal contamination. The heavy metals were found in leafy and fruit vegetables in different regions of the world and levels were above permissible limits in most of the vegetables. Specific study to human toxicity due to the contamination of heavy metals may be conducted. Furthermore, strategy and policy should be devised to control the heavy metals in vegetables, and those vegetables that are hyper-accumulators of heavy metals should be identified for awareness purposes.
Keywords: Vegetables, Heavy metals, Permissible limit, Toxicity, Contamination and Hyper-accumulators
Effective residual life of bendiocarb insecticide on sprayed surfaces
Authors: Abate Alemayehu , Getu Emana , Wale Melaku , Hadis Mamuye , Mekonen Wubegzier 
Published: January 2022

Effective residual life of insecticides on sprayed surfaces determines the number of spraying cycles required to cover malaria transmission season. However, residual efficacy of insecticides varies with spray surface type. This study assessed effective residual life of bendiocarb on cow dung plastered and mud plastered wall surface types of human dwellings against An. arabiensis. Wall cone bioassays were carried out following the WHO (World Health Organization) standard operating procedures. Percentage mortality was calculated according to WHO bioassay protocol and Poisson regression model was fitted to show the association of mosquito mortality with explanatory variables using SAS (SAS Institute Inc. 2016. SAS® 9.4 Language Reference: Concepts, Sixth Edition. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.). Efficacy of bendiocarb against An. arabiensis was 100% for the first 35 days on both cow dung and mud wall surface types. However, its efficacy deteriorated earlier on non-plastered wall surfaces after 35 days. The relationship between mosquito mortality and explanatory variables was: Mortality =3.637542, Sprayed = + 0.282841, Plastering= - 0.0094612 35-Days after spray, - 0.600159 65-Days after spray. Because coefficients for cone position were not significant, they were excluded from the regression equation. Generally, the effective residual life of bendiocarb on mud plastered wall surface was too short to cover malaria transmission season. Therefore, alternative insecticide with longer residual effective life is required in areas having more than two months of malaria transmission season.
Niveau de contamination et risques sanitaires liés à la consommation des produits maraîchers à Korhogo, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Yapo Rachelle Ida , Ohou-Yao Marie Jeanne , Ligban Raymond , Kouame Parfait , Mambo Véronique , Bonfoh Bassirou 
Published: January 2022

L’usage non maîtrisé des pesticides a des effets sur la qualité des denrées alimentaires et la santé de la population. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer l’exposition chimique associée à la consommation des produits maraîchers du département de Korhogo. A cet effet, des résidus de pesticides ont été extraits des produits maraîchers (Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa, Capsicum sp, Solanum lycopersicum et Phaseolus lunatus) par la méthode QuEchERS et analysés par un chromatographe en phase gazeuse couplé à un spectromètre de masse afin d’estimer les apports journaliers en pesticides et le quotient de danger pour les consommateurs. Ces analyses ont permis de détecter huit (08) pesticides à savoir le chlorpyriphos éthyle, le cyhalotrine, le cypermethrine, l’ortho-phenylphenol, le parathion, le spirodiclofen, le thiamethoxam et le zoxamid dans les produits maraîchers avec des concentrations qui variaient entre 0,43 μg/kg et 7,64 μg/kg. Les apports journaliers en pesticides fluctuaient entre 7,44.10-6 μg/kg de poids corporel/jour et 1173.10-6 μg/kg de poids corporel/jour, et le quotient de danger était compris entre 0,015.10-6 et 156,6.10-6 pour la consommation de ces produits maraîchers. Dans l’ensemble, le niveau de risque a été jugé acceptable pour l'homme car le quotient de danger était inférieur à 1.
The uncontrolled use of pesticide has effects on foodstuffs quality and population’s health. The main of this study was to assess exposure level of vegetable’s consumers in Korhogo department. Also, pesticide residues were extracted from vegetable’s samples (Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa, Capsicum sp, Solanum lycopersicum and Phaseolus lunatus) using QuEchERS method and analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Eight (08) pesticides (chlorpyrifos ethyl, cyhalotrine, cypermethrin, ortho-phenylphenol, parathion, spirodiclofen, thiamethoxam and zoxamid) were detected in vegetable products with concentrations ranged from 0.43 μg/kg to 7.64 μg/kg. Estimated daily intakes of pesticide residues ranged from 7.4×10-6 μg/kg body weight/day to 4350.6×10-6 μg/kg body weight/day, and the hazard index ranged between 0.015×10-6 et 156.6×10-6 for these food commodities. Overall, the level of risk was considered acceptable for humans because the hazard quotient was below 1.