bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal delays and unfavourable newborn outcomes among skilled deliveries in public hospitals of Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a case–control study
Authors: Erjino Dawit Sullamo , Mekiso Abera Beyamo , Woiloro Lonsako Abute , Arficho Tegegn Tadesse , Watumo Aregash Mecha , Katiso Nuradin Abusha , Ermolo Tadesse Lelago 
Published: May 2022

ObjectWe assessed maternal delays and unfavourable newborn outcomes among skilled deliveries in public hospitals of Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia using ‘the three maternal delays’ framework.DesignA case–control study was conducted.SettingPublic hospitals in Hadiya Zone, southern Ethiopia.ParticipantsSample of 57 cases and 121 controls participated from 4 September 2019 to 30 October 2019. Consecutive dead newborns at discharge or admitted newborns for more 24 hours after delivery were selected as cases. Two consecutive controls were selected from none cases discharged within 24 hours of skilled delivery.ResultsTotal of 57 cases and 121 controls participated with 97.3% response rate. Forty-eight (84.2%), 46 (80.7%) and 51 (89.5%) of cases had first, second and third maternal delay, respectively. Eighty-six (71.1%), 18 (14.9%) and 69 (53.7%) of controls had first, second and third maternal delay, respectively. Cases with second maternal delay were 23.9 times more likely to have unfavourable newborn outcome when compared with controls. The first and third delays and wealth index were not significantly associated with newborn outcome in this study.ConclusionsFirst, second and third maternal delays were higher in cases than controls. ‘Delay in reaching health facility’ was determinant for unfavourable newborn outcome in this study. However, ‘delay in decision-making to seek care’ and ‘delay in receiving care’ were not significantly associated with new born outcome. Government should work to improve labouring mother transportation.
PCR-based detection of pathogens in improved water sources: a scoping review protocol of the evidence in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Gemeda Shibabaw Tadesse , Soboksa Negasa Eshete , Tefera Yonatal Mesfin , Desta Adey Feleke , Gari Sirak Robele 
Published: May 2022

IntroductionOccurrence of diverse human enteric bacterial, viral and protozoal pathogens in improved drinking water because of pathogenic microbial contamination is of increasing public health concern, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Detecting microbial pathogens in water supplies comprehensively and accurately is beneficial to ensure the safety of water in LMICs where water contamination is a major concern. Application of PCR-based methods in detecting the microbial quality of water provides more accurate, sensitive and rapid outcomes over conventional methods of microbial identification and quantification. Therefore, exploring water quality outcomes generated through PCR-based methods is important to better understand the status and monitor progress towards internationally set goals for LMICs. This scoping review aims to map the existing evidence on the magnitude and characteristics of diarrhoeagenic pathogens as detected by PCR-based methods in improved water sources within the context of LMICs.Methods and analysisThis study will be undertaken in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. We will consider the available publications covering PCR-based microbial water quality assessment of improved drinking water sources in LMICs. Searches will be undertaken in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, JBI, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. A grey literature search will be conducted in Google and ProQuest.Ethics and disseminationThe College of Natural and Computational Science Institution Review Board of Addis Ababa University gave formal ethical approval to this study protocol. The findings of this study will be disseminated to the concerned body through peer-reviewed publications, presentations and summaries.
Usability of Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis questionnaire in women hospitalised for hyperemesis gravidarum: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Laitinen Linda , Nurmi Miina , Kulovuori Nina , Koivisto Mari , Ojala Elina , Rautava Päivi , Polo-Kantola Päivi 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesPregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) questionnaire is mainly used in outpatient care to assess the severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). Our aim was to evaluate the usability of the Finnish-translated PUQE in hospitalised women with hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingUniversity hospital in Finland.ParticipantsNinety-five women admitted due to HG for at least overnight.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCategorised and continuous PUQE scores, physical and mental quality of life (QoL) and urine ketones at admission and at discharge, analysing the first admission and readmissions separately.ResultsThe most common PUQE categories at admission were ‘moderate’ and ‘severe’, whereas at discharge they were ‘mild’ and ‘moderate’. Likewise, continuous PUQE scores improved between admission and discharge (p<0.0001). At admission, women rating worse physical QoL (first admission adjusted OR (AOR) 1.09; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.16; readmissions AOR 1.13; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.25) and women with ketonuria of +++ (first admission AOR 16.00; 95% CI 1.44 to 177.82) fell into higher PUQE score category. On discharge day, women with better physical QoL had lower PUQE score category (first admission AOR 0.94; 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98; readmissions AOR 0.93; 95% CI 0.90 to 0.97). The results between physical QoL and continuous PUQE scores were similar. Concerning readmissions, better mental QoL was associated with lower PUQE score category at discharge (AOR 0.93; 95% CI 0.89 to 0.97). As for continuous PUQE score, worse mental QoL was associated with higher score at admission (readmissions, p=0.007) and better mental QoL with lower score at discharge (readmissions, p=0.007).ConclusionsPUQE scores reflected alleviation of NVP severity in women hospitalised due to HG. Further, the decrease in PUQE score was associated with improved physical QoL and partly also with improved mental QoL. We therefore suggest PUQE as a complementary instrument for inpatient setting.
Adolescents’ media usage and self-reported exposure to advertising across six countries: implications for less healthy food and beverage marketing
Authors: Demers-Potvin Élisabeth , White Martin , Potvin Kent Monique , Nieto Claudia , White Christine M , Zheng Xueying , Hammond David , Vanderlee Lana 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesThe study objectives were to examine: (1) adolescents’ media viewing habits, (2) associations with media viewing and self-reported exposure to unhealthy food and beverage advertising and (3) differences in trends among younger and older adolescents in six high and upper middle-income countries.DesignRepeat cross-sectional online survey.SettingAustralia, Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA).ParticipantsRespondents to the International Food Policy Study who provided information on all variables of interest in November–December 2019 aged 10–17 years (n=9171).Outcome measuresSelf-reported exposure to screen-based media (screen time by media channel), use of social media platforms and self-reported location and frequency of exposure to unhealthy food and beverage advertising.ResultsThe average amount of time spent in front of various screens ranged from 7.6 hours to 10.2 hours across countries per week day, which may include possible viewing of multiple media channels simultaneously. Overall, Instagram was the most popular social media platform (52%–68% by country), followed by Facebook (42%–79%) and Snapchat (28%–52%). The percentage of respondents who self-reported having seen unhealthy food advertisements in the past 30 days was highest on television (43%–69%), followed by digital media (27%–60%) and gaming applications (10%–17%). Self-reported daily exposure to advertising varied between countries for sugary drinks (10%–43%) and fast food (19%–44%) and was positively associated with self-reported screen time. Self-reported exposure to screen-based media and social media platforms differed by sociodemographic characteristics and was higher among older adolescents than younger adolescents.ConclusionsThe important amount of time spent on screen-based media reported by adolescents and large percentage of adolescents reporting social media usage, coupled with high rates of self-reported advertising exposure, support the need for policies to restrict marketing of unhealthy food and beverages appealing to adolescents on screen-based media.
Inpatient hospitalisation and mortality rate trends from 2004 to 2014 in the USA: a propensity score-matched case–control study of hyperkalaemia
Authors: Tecson Kristen Michelle , Baker Rebecca A , Clariday Laura , McCullough Peter A 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo study the trends of hyperkalaemia in USA inpatient hospitalisation records with heart failure (HF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI) and/or type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from 2004 to 2014 with respect to prevalence and inpatient mortality.DesignObservational cross-sectional and propensity score-matched case–control study.SettingThe National Inpatient Sample (representing up to 97% of inpatient hospital discharge records in the USA) from 2004 to 2014Participants120 513 483 (±2 312 391) adult inpatient hospitalisation records with HF, CKD/end-stage renal disease (ESRD), AKI and/or T2DM.ExposureHyperkalaemia, defined as the presence of an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code of ‘276.7’ in any of the first 15 diagnostic codes.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcomes of interest are the annual rates of hyperkalaemia prevalence and inpatient mortality.ResultsAmong 120 513 483 (±2 312 391) adult inpatient hospitalisations with HF, CKD/ESRD, AKI and/or T2DM, we found a 28.9% relative increase of hyperkalaemia prevalence from 4.94% in 2004 to 6.37% in 2014 (p<0.001). Hyperkalaemia was associated with an average of 4 percentage points higher rate of inpatient mortality (1.71 post-matching, p<0.0001). Inpatient mortality rates decreased from 11.49%±0.17% to 6.43%±0.08% and 9.67%±0.13% to 5.05%±0.07% for matched cases with and without hyperkalaemia, respectively (p<0.001).ConclusionsHyperkalaemia prevalence increased over time and was associated with greater inpatient mortality, even after accounting for presentation characteristics. We detected a decreasing trend in inpatient mortality risk, regardless of hyperkalaemia presence.
One-sample quantitative and two-sample qualitative faecal immunochemical tests for colorectal cancer screening: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Wang Le , Chen Hongda , Zhu Yunfeng , Lu Ming , Wang Youqing , Chen Xinmin , Ma Weihua , Du Lingbin , Chen Wanqing 
Published: May 2022

ObjectivesQuantitative faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) are widely used for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in the Western countries, whereas qualitative FITs are preferred in China. The present study aimed to compare the screening yield between one-sample quantitative FIT and two-sample qualitative FIT for CRC screening.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingA population-based CRC screening programme was conducted in 28 communities in Haining City, Zhejiang Province, China.ParticipantsConsecutive participants aged 40–74 years were invited to undergo the CRC screening programme. Two-sample qualitative FITs were offered between January 2019 and December 2019, and one-sample quantitative FIT was offered between August 2019 and February 2020.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were detection rates of advanced neoplasms, including CRCs and advanced adenomas. Secondary outcomes were positivity rates and colonoscopy resource demand for the two FITs. The positivity thresholds were 20 µg and 1–5 µg haemoglobin per gram of faeces for the quantitative and qualitative FITs, respectively.ResultsA total of 19 131 and 28 804 invitees were assigned to the two-sample qualitative and one-sample quantitative groups, respectively. Positivity rates were 14.2% for the two-sample qualitative FIT and 5.4% for the one-sample quantitative FIT. Detection rates of advanced colorectal neoplasms at colonoscopy using one-sample quantitative FIT and two-sample qualitative FIT were 17.6% (95% CI: 14.6% to 20.6%) and 10.5% (95% CI: 8.7% to 12.4%), respectively. Both detection rates of cancer and advanced adenoma were higher in the one-sample quantitative FIT group than those in the two-sample qualitative FIT group. Moreover, one-sample quantitative FIT significantly reduced the colonoscopy load for detection of one advanced neoplasm case (5, 95% CI: 5 to 7) than the two-sample qualitative FIT (10, 95% CI: 8 to 11).ConclusionsThe one-sample quantitative FIT for CRC screening increases the detection rate of advanced neoplasia and reduces the colonoscopy workload compared with the two-sample qualitative FIT.
Femtosecond laser-assisted anterior capsulotomy in children undergoing cataract surgery: a large case series
Authors: Trifanenkova Irina G , Tereshchenko Aleksandr V , Isaev Sergey V 
Published: May 2022

ObjectiveTo evaluate safety and postoperative visual outcomes of low-energy femtosecond laser-assisted (FLA) anterior capsulotomy in paediatric cataract surgery.Methods and analysisWe report a retrospective single-centre consecutive case series of 51 eyes of 33 paediatric cataract patients with a mean age of 3.22 years (range: 2 months to 13 years) who underwent cataract surgery with FLA anterior capsulotomy, using FEMTO LDV Z8 femtosecond laser (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems). Anterior laser capsulotomy, phacoaspiration and intraocular lens implantation were performed in all eyes. Both intraoperative and long-term postoperative complications, along with long-term monocular corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), were assessed during average follow-up period of 32.96 months (range: 13–69 months).ResultsIn 48 out of 51 eyes, a well-sized and well-located anterior capsulotomy was achieved without intraoperative complications. Anterior capsule tears occurred in three eyes; however, they did not extend posteriorly and the intraocular lens were placed in the bags without any further complications. Posterior capsular opacification developed in 45.10% of eyes (23 out of 51) and was subsequently treated with neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy. Mean CDVA at final follow-up was 20/40 (range: 20/63 to 20/32) in unilateral cases younger than 12 months, 20/40 (range: 20/1000 to 20/25) in unilateral cases older than 12 months, 20/66 (range: 20/400 to 20/32) in bilateral cases younger than 12 months and 20/40 (range: 20/200 to 20/20) in bilateral cases older than 12 months.ConclusionsPaediatric cataract surgery with low-energy FLA anterior capsulotomy is a procedure with long-term safety, resulting in significant improvement in CDVA.
Targeting CISH enhances natural cytotoxicity receptor signaling and reduces NK cell exhaustion to improve solid tumor immunity
Authors: Bernard Pierre-Louis , Delconte Rebecca , Pastor Sonia , Laletin Vladimir , Costa Da Silva Cathy , Goubard Armelle , Josselin Emmanuelle , Castellano Rémy , Krug Adrien , Vernerey Julien , Devillier Raynier , Olive Daniel , Verhoeyen Els , Vivier Eric , Huntington Nicholas D , Nunes Jacques , Guittard Geoffrey 
Published: May 2022

BackgroundThe success and limitations of current immunotherapies have pushed research toward the development of alternative approaches and the possibility to manipulate other cytotoxic immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we targeted an intracellular inhibiting protein ‘cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein’ (CISH) in NK cells to evaluate the impact on their functions and antitumor properties.MethodsTo further understand CISH functions in NK cells, we developed a conditional Cish-deficient mouse model in NK cells (Cishfl/flNcr1Ki/+). NK cells cytokine expression, signaling and cytotoxicity has been evaluated in vitro. Using intravenous injection of B16F10 melanoma cell line and EO711 triple negative breast cancer cell line, metastasis evaluation was performed. Then, orthotopic implantation of breast tumors was performed and tumor growth was followed using bioluminescence. Infiltration and phenotype of NK cells in the tumor was evaluated. Finally, we targetedCISHin human NK-92 or primary NK cells, using a technology combining the CRISPR(i)-dCas9 tool with a new lentiviral pseudotype. We then tested human NK cells functions.ResultsInCishfl/flNcr1Ki/+mice, we detected no developmental or homeostatic difference in NK cells. Global gene expression ofCishfl/flNcr1Ki/+NK cells compared withCish+/+Ncr1Ki/+NK cells revealed upregulation of pathways and genes associated with NK cell cycling and activation. We show that CISH does not only regulate interleukin-15 (IL-15) signaling pathways but also natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR) pathways, triggering CISH protein expression. PrimedCishfl/flNcr1Ki/+NK cells display increased activation upon NCR stimulation.Cishfl/flNcr1Ki/+NK cells display lower activation thresholds andCishfl/flNcr1Ki/+mice are more resistant to tumor metastasis and to primary breast cancer growth. CISH deletion favors NK cell accumulation to the primary tumor, optimizes NK cell killing properties and decreases TIGIT immune checkpoint receptor expression, limiting NK cell exhaustion. Finally, using CRISPRi, we then targetedCISHin human NK-92 or primary NK cells. In human NK cells, CISH deletion also favors NCR signaling and antitumor functions.ConclusionThis study represents a crucial step in the mechanistic understanding and safety ofCishtargeting to unleash NK cell antitumor function in solid tumors. Our results validate CISH as an emerging therapeutic target to enhance NK cell immunotherapy.
Quantum information scrambling: from holography to quantum simulators
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arpan , Joshi Lata Kh. , Sundar Bhuvanesh 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this review, we present the ongoing developments in bridging the gap between holography and experiments. To this end, we discuss information scrambling and models of quantum teleportation via Gao–Jafferis–Wall wormhole teleportation. We review the essential basics and summarize some of the recent works that have so far been obtained in quantum simulators towards a goal of realizing analogous models of holography in a lab.
Determination of the kinematic parameters from SNe Ia and cosmic chronometers
Authors: Benndorf D. , Jesus J. F. , Pereira S. H. 
Published: May 2022

AbstractIn this work, by assuming a spatially flat Universe, we have tested 8 kinematic parametrization models with H(z) data from Cosmic Chronometers and SNe Ia from Pantheon compilation. Our aim is obtain the current values for the Hubble constant ($$H_0$$

H
0

), deceleration parameter ($$q_0$$

q
0

), jerk ($$j_0$$

j
0

) and snap ($$s_0$$

s
0

) parameters independently from a dynamical model. By using a Bayesian model comparison, three models are favoured: a model with the deceleration parameter (q) linearly dependent on the redshift, q linearly dependent on the scale factor and a model with a constant jerk. The model with constant jerk is slightly favoured by this analysis, furnishing $$H_0=68.8^{+3.7}_{-3.6}$$

H
0

=
68
.

8

-
3.6

+
3.7

km/s/Mpc, $$q_0=-0.58\pm 0.13$$

q
0

=
-
0.58
±
0.13

, $$j_0=1.15^{+0.56}_{-0.53}$$

j
0

=
1
.

15

-
0.53

+
0.56

and $$s_0=-0.25^{+0.40}_{-0.30}$$

s
0

=
-
0
.

25

-
0.30

+
0.40

. The other models are compatible with the constant jerk model, except for the snap parameter, where we have found $$s_0=4.0^{+3.4}_{-3.0}$$

s
0

=
4
.

0

-
3.0

+
3.4

for the model with q linearly dependent on the scale factor.
War against NRAS-Mutant Melanoma Using Targeted Therapies Remains Challenging
Authors: Moschos Stergios J. 
Published: May 2022

Summary
In the search for targeting MAPK plus other pathways in NRAS-mutant melanoma, a phase Ib/II trial tested binimetinib plus ribociclib in metastatic melanoma. The response rate in the phase II trial was 19.5%, and the median progression-free survival was 3.7 months.
See related article by Schuler et al., p. 3002
Targeting DUSP Activity as a Treatment for High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Sanders Brooke E. , Yamamoto Tomomi M. , McMellen Alexandra , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Berning Amber , Post Miriam D. , Bitler Benjamin G. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract
Identifying novel, durable treatments for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is paramount to extend both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients afflicted with this disease. Dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) was identified as one of seven genes that may significantly affect prognosis in patients with HGSOC; however, the role of DUSP inhibition (DUSPi) in the treatment of HGSOC remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that DUSP1 is highly expressed in HGSOC and confers worse PFS and OS. Further, we corroborate data that show DUSP1 expression is directly associated with therapy resistance. Using a tissue microarray of 137 different serous ovarian carcinomas, we demonstrate the high expression of DUSP1 in primary and recurrent serous ovarian cancer. In both acquired and de novo therapy HGSOC-resistant models, DUSPi both inhibited cellular proliferation and promoted cell death. RPPA analysis of HGSOC cells revealed DUSPi led to the differential regulation of several pathways, including AMPK and mTORC. Further, in a patient-derived xenograft HGSOC model, DUSPi significantly inhibited tumor progression.
Systemic Immune Dysfunction in Cancer Patients Driven by IL6 Induction of LAG3 in Peripheral CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Somasundaram Ashwin , Cillo Anthony R. , Lampenfeld Caleb , Workman Creg J. , Kunning Sheryl , Oliveri Lauren , Velez Maria , Joyce Sonali , Calderon Michael , Dadey Rebekah , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , Normolle Daniel P. , Watkins Simon C. , Herman James G. , Kirkwood John M. , Lipson Evan J. , Ferris Robert L. , Bruno Tullia C. , Vignali Dario A.A. 
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Many cancer patients do not develop a durable response to the current standard-of-care immunotherapies, despite substantial advances in targeting immune inhibitory receptors. A potential compounding issue, which may serve as an unappreciated, dominant resistance mechanism, is an inherent systemic immune dysfunction that is often associated with advanced cancer. Minimal response to inhibitory receptor (IR) blockade therapy and increased disease burden have been associated with peripheral CD8+ T-cell dysfunction, characterized by suboptimal T-cell proliferation and chronic expression of IRs (e.g., PD1 and LAG3). Here, we demonstrated that approximately a third of cancer patients analyzed in this study have peripheral CD8+ T cells that expressed robust intracellular LAG3 (LAG3IC), but not surface LAG3 (LAG3SUR) due to a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) cleavage. This is associated with poor disease prognosis and decreased CD8+ T-cell function, which could be partially reversed by anti-LAG3. Systemic immune dysfunction was restricted to CD8+ T cells, including, in some cases, a high percentage of peripheral naïve CD8+ T cells, and was driven by the cytokine IL6 via STAT3. These data suggest that additional studies are warranted to determine if the combination of increased LAG3IC in peripheral CD8+ T cells and elevated systemic IL6 can serve as predictive biomarkers and identify which cancer patients may benefit from LAG3 blockade.