bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White spot lesions during orthodontic clear aligner therapy
Authors: Bisht Shrestha , Khera Amit Kumar , Raghav Pradeep 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:
White spot lesions (WSL) are an unsightly and a rather frequent drawback of orthodontic treatment. The complex design of fixed orthodontic appliances (FAs) makes it difficult to perform proper oral hygiene, which amounts to white spot lesions being three times more prevalent in patients wearing orthodontic appliances. As clear thermoplastic aligners (CAs) are removable appliances, it has been speculated that they allow better oral hygiene maintenance and thus less incidence of WSLs.

OBJECTIVES:
This evidence-based scoping review aims to identify the scope and nature of the evidence on white spot lesions during orthodontic clear aligner therapy.

TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED:
Strategic and thorough search of the literature for randomized Controlled Trials, Case-Control, Cohort studies, Case reports, full research articles, and review papers on humans published in English in five major databases was undertaken till July 2021 using free text and Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms, followed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to identify five studies for data extraction.

RESULTS:
Evidence was summarized for study characteristics, diagnostic methods for the detection of white spot lesions, and incidence of white spot lesions during clear aligner therapy. The literature supports that orthodontic treatment with CAs was associated with a low incidence of WSLs when compared with fixed mechanotherapy, with a major role of patient education, motivation, and compliance in maintaining oral hygiene.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS:
The general perception is that clear aligners are more hygienic and show no incidence of white spot lesions. However, our scoping review supports that WSLs can occur with this form of orthodontic treatment also. WSLs in clear aligners could be attributed to the practice of having composite attachments that cover a significant portion of the tooth surface. Thus, regardless of the type of appliance used, a periodic reinforcement by the orthodontist to maintain oral hygiene is necessary for patient motivation, allowing for better oral hygiene practice, and as a result, leads to prevention of WSLs.
The relationship of maxillary arch dimension with vertical facial morphology in proto-malay race
Authors: Lubis Hilda Fitria , Lubis Mimi Marina , Sutan Christinawaty 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the relationship between the dimensions of the maxillary arch and vertical facial morphology within the Proto-Malay race.

DESIGN:
A cross-sectional study.

SETTING:
Orthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.

PARTICIPANTS:
Proto-Malay individuals aged ≥18 years without orthodontic treatment history (n = 104).

METHODS:
Lateral cephalometric radiographs and maxillary study model were obtained from 104 subjects who had never received orthodontic treatment (45 males and 59 females), aged 18 years, belonging to the Proto-Malay race, with skeletal class I malocclusion, normal overjet and overbite, and complete dentition (except the third molar). The vertical facial morphology was obtained by measuring the Jarabak's ratio on lateral cephalometric radiographs by using CorelDRAW. The study model was used to measure the dimensions of the maxillary arch, which are intercanine width, intermolar width, arch length, and palatal height, by using the Korkhaus modification device.

RESULTS:
The results showed a significant positive correlation between intercanine and intermolar width and a negative correlation between arch length and palate height with vertical facial morphology in the male and female groups within the Proto-Malay race.

CONCLUSION:
There is a relationship between the maxillary arch dimension with vertical facial morphology in the male and female groups in the Proto-Malay race.
Factors influencing the desire for orthodontic treatment among patients and parents in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Felemban Osama M. , Alharabi Naif T. , A. Alamoudi Roaa A. , Alturki Ghassan A. , Helal Narmin M. 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES:
The decision to pursue orthodontic treatment is influenced by a variety of cosmetic, functional, and social reasons. This study compared the factors that influence adults’ decisions before orthodontic treatment versus parents’ decisions prior to their children's orthodontic treatment in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional survey was distributed to the patients of orthodontic clinics of King Abdulaziz University in addition to a private orthodontic clinic in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. The survey consisted of two versions of a questionnaire: one for adults and one for children's parents. The survey inquired about the participants’ demographics, factors that led to the necessity of treatment, and considerations before opting for orthodontic treatment. The factors influencing the decision-making process of adults were compared to that of parents using the Chi-square test.

RESULTS:
A total of 417 subjects participated, 331 adults and 86 parents. The majority of the respondents in both groups were females. When compared to children, adults were more aware of the necessity for orthodontic treatment (78.5% of adults vs. 41.9% of children). The primary motivation for adults and parents to begin orthodontic treatment was to improve their esthetic appearance (58.6% and 87.2%), whereas functional concerns were less frequently reported (12.1% and 15.1%). Adults relied on less trustworthy sources of information about orthodontic treatment options, whereas parents relied on more dependable sources.

CONCLUSIONS:
The main reason for opting for orthodontic treatment in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia was esthetic for both adults and children.
Frequency and pattern of impacted Canines in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almarhoumi Asim Abdulrahman , Okashah Yazan A. , Alrehaili Mohammed A. , Alrehaili Khalid N. 
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVES:
Impacted canine (IC) is a dental anomaly that varies in its frequency according to the population of interest. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency and distribution pattern of maxillary ICs (MxIC) and mandibular ICs (MnIC) in the population of Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional retrospective study of all patients attended Taibah University Dental Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Inclusion criteria were individuals aged 15 years and older and no history of orthodontic treatment or craniofacial syndromes. Patients with incomplete dental records or missing/distorted Orthopantomograph (OPG) were excluded. All OPGs were taken using standardized equipment. Data were explored for frequency and pattern of canine impaction both in the maxilla and the mandible and statistically tested to detect significant differences.

RESULTS:
A total of 7466 individuals fulfilled the inclusion criteria with mean age of 37.43 ± 14.5 years. Of the total sample, 173 individuals had at least one IC. MxIC alone occurred in 86.71% of the cases, while MnIC occurred in 8.67%. The remaining 4.62% had at least one IC in each jaw. Unilateral IC occurred in 89.2% of the cases with left-side predominance in the maxilla.

CONCLUSION:
In this sample, the frequency of MxIC was 2.1% and MnIC was 0.3%. Almost equal distribution of IC occurred between females and males (IC Odds ratio F:M 1:1.08). Further studies are required to investigate the potential association of IC incidence with other predictor variables.
Perception of facial esthetics in young North Indian population
Authors: Thakral Rachit , Kapoor Sudhir , Shukla Priti , Sharma Vipul Kumar , Bhagchandani Jitendra , Agarwal Sonahita , Jaiswal Raj K. 
Published: May 2022

INTRODUCTION:
A person's ability to recognize a beautiful face is innate, but translating this into defined treatment goals is a challenge for clinicians.

AIM:
To determine if faces considered esthetic and pleasing in the young North Indian population (both males and females) exhibit similar cephalometric measurements as used for ideal treatment and successful results.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:
A panel of five judges evaluated a set of one frontal, one frontal during smiling, and one profile extra-oral photograph of 160 students (80 females and 80 males) on a five-point attractiveness scale. For each photographic set, the mean and final scores were calculated. Once the sample was assessed, 60 subjects (30 females and 30 males) with the highest final facial aesthetic score were selected and cephalometric analysis was performed. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 20 software.

RESULTS:
Both males and females with class I skeletal jaw bases were found to be attractive. The females with short faces; mild facial convexity and lower lip closer to the esthetic line were found to be attractive. The males with a prominent chin, straight profile, prominent nose, increased upper lip thickness, upper lip length, and lower lip length were found to be attractive.

CONCLUSION:
The faces considered attractive in this study fulfilled most of the cephalometric norms commonly used for the diagnosis and treatment planning except for a few inconsistencies which may be attributed to the gender and demographic origin.
Título en español
Authors: Héber Irizarry  , José Rodríguez-García  , Nicolás Díaz  
Published: May 2022

El efecto de tres distancias de siembra y tres niveles de abonamiento en el rendimiento y calidad del plátano (Musa acuminata x M. balbisiana, AAB), cv. Maricongo se evaluaron en las Subestaciones de Gurabo y Corozal. Las distancias de siembra usadas fueron: 1.7 x 1.7 m, 2.0 x 2.0 m y 2.3 X 2.3 m, equivalentes a densidades de 3,460, 2,500 y 1,890 plantas/ha, respectivamente. Los niveles de abonamiento fueron de 2,240, 3,360 y 4,480 kg de 10-2-40/ha. En Corozal, el abono fue suplementado con 6% de MgO, y en ambas siembras se aplicaron 16 kg/Tm de B203 y de ZnO. Los niveles de abonamiento y la interacción de distancia de siembra y abonamiento no tuvieron efectos significativos en la producción. Las concentraciones de N, P, K, Ca y Mg en la lámina de las hojas no fueron afectadas paor los niveles de abono. En ambos experimentos los rendimientos más altos se lograron usando la distancia más corta (1.7 x 1.7 m 63,460 plantas/ha). Con esta distancia se lograron 133,900 frutas (37.1 Tm)/ha en Gurabo y 153,600 (45.2 Tm)/ha en Corozal. Partiendo de que en condiciones comerciales sólo se cosecha el 80% de los racimos, con esta distancia de siembra se producen 107,100 frutas ó 29.7 Tm/ha en Gurabo y 122,900 ó 36.2 Tm/ha en Corozal, equivalentes a 17.8 y 21.7 Tm de pulpa húmeda/ha ó 7.1 y 8.7 Tm/ha de pulpa seca/ha, respectivamente.
PROEJA sob o olhar e as percepções dos docentes
Authors: Moreira Nara , Fernandes da Silva Junior Astrogildo 
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho é um recorte da pesquisa desenvolvida no Mestrado Acadêmico na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), que tratou de investigar o processo de construção da identidade profissional docente dos professores que lecionaram no Programa Nacional de Integração da educação Profissional e Tecnológica com Educação Básica na modalidade Educação de Jovens e Adultos (PROEJA entre os anos de 2009 a 2016, no município de Uberlândia. Nesse artigo, damos destaque as percepções dos docentes sobre o PROEJA. Os dados foram colhidos a partir das narrativas de quatro professores e as respostas dos questionários enviados por email, utilizando a plataforma Google Forms. Podemos apurar que os professores revelaram-se sensíveis às histórias de vida e de superação dos estudantes e apontaram indícios de um trabalho pautado no voluntarismo no PROEJA. Afirmaram também que o fato de lecionar no PROEJA os fazem repensar sua atuação em outros níveis de ensino. Acreditamos que as impressões dos professores sobre o PROEJA revelam muito sobre suas concepções e seus desafios e condicionam processos identitários substanciados em um dado contexto histórico e social, caracterizando assim, um movimento próprio do sujeito em se tornar o professor em que se quer ser.
Alfabetização de estudantes com deficiência visual na era digital
Authors: Rocha Ricael Spirandeli , Portes Rutiléia Maria de Lima 
Published: May 2022

A educação é uma das grandes áreas do conhecimento em que a tecnologia digital se faz presente, através de ferramentas que proporcionam interação, estímulo à criatividade e à independência, contribuindo para a inclusão escolar. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi refletir e analisar as possibilidades de alfabetização de estudantes com deficiência visual a partir do uso de tecnologias digitais assistivas. O percurso metodológico foi construído através de pesquisa bibliográfica, concentrando-se em livros, artigos e periódicos que abordam de modo direto ou indireto a temática. As tecnologias digitais assistivas como os leitores de tela e outros recursos com síntese de voz entraram em evidência, aliados às práticas pedagógicas mais utilizadas ou que estão em discussão/expansão na atualidade. Assim, aspectos da alfabetização e do letramento das pessoas com deficiência visual entram em evidência, frente às novas tecnologias que integram a vida dessas pessoas, juntamente com o sistema braile. Este, por sua vez, revelou-se na presente pesquisa, como o principal meio para a alfabetização, mesmo apesar de suas limitações quanto ao potencial nas interações sociais.
Histopathological Observation of Aeromonas hydrophila Infection and Influences on Immune-related Enzyme Activity Indexes in Carassius auratus indigentiaus subsp. Nov.
Authors: Xia Hu , Yang Pinhong , Zhang Yunsheng , Chen Zhongyuan , Xiao Piqing , Meng Shiya , Fang Xiu , Hu Simei , Deng Xinjiang , Sun Gongwei 
Published: May 2022

Bacterial sepsis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila infection is one of the most common infectious diseases of Carassius auratus indigentiaus subsp. Nov. It has characteristics of quick onset, high morbidity, and high mortality. Bacterial sepsis has become an important constraint against the industrialization of aquaculture of Carassius auratus indigentiaus subsp. Nov. In this study, Carassius auratus indigentiaus subsp. Nov. were immersed in 1.0×109 CFU/mL Aeromonas hydrophila for infection, the cumulative mortality at 1d, 3d, 5d, 7d and 14d were 10%, 26.67%, 40%, 40% and 40%, respectively. After being challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila, hemorrhage focus and suppuration were observed on the body surface, pelvic fin, anal fin, and tail fin base of Carassius auratus indigentiaus subsp. Nov. Dissecting Carassius auratus indigentiaus subsp. Nov., blackening of the spleen and hemorrhage at the liver were discovered at 3d after being infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. Through tissue section observation, liver tissue was found to have to hemorrhage focus, and vacuolated liver cells, accompanied by inflammatory cell penetration. Inflammatory cell infiltration was also observed in spleen tissues and was most serious at 3d day after infection. After being infected with Aeromonas hydrophila, the gill filaments of Carassius auratus indigentiaus subsp. Nov. were deformed and shortened, gill filament cells fell off, intestinal villi are shortened and mucus cells are increased. After Aeromonas hydrophila infection to Carassius auratus indigentiaus subsp. Nov., the lysozyme content and activities of catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in the liver began to increase significantly after the first day and reached a peak on the third day. However, they began to decrease gradually on the fifth day. The acid phosphatase (ACP) activity increased dramatically after the first day, peaked on the fifth day, and then decreased on the seventh day. It is speculated that such changes were attributed to the following two aspects: 1) On the one hand, Aeromonas hydrophila infection stimulates the nonspecific immune system of Carassius auratus indigentiaus subsp. Nov. 2) On the other hand, lesion of tissues occurs after Aeromonas hydrophila infection of Carassius auratus indigentiaus subsp. Nov. reaches a certain extent, thus influencing lysozyme content and the catalase activities, ACP, alkaline phosphatase and T-SOD in the liver.
Editorial: A new EJG section entitled “Geographic Insights in Brief”
Authors: Manetos Panos , Bartzokas-Tsiompras Alexandros , Koutsopoulos Kostis 
Published: May 2022

We are happy to announce a new European Journal of Geography (EJG) section titled ‘Geographic Insights in brief’. This initiative complements the new approach of EJG publishing (immediate publication of papers after the end of the review process) The short papers in this section will be published as part of each issue of the journal and will be reviewed only by the editorial team, in order to achieve fast dissemination of new and interesting ideas and applications. This section will accept two kinds of papers: First, papers announcing new ideas, breakthroughs and innovations in all Geographical areas that need to be immediately communicate to all geographers. The authors can later proceed to publish a fully developed traditional paper. Second, brief reports focusing on short, clear and pointed geographical research results and data. These shorter and more digestible items will help geographers to get a better understanding about specific spatial dimensions of environmental, social and economic phenomena and interactions that can feed an ongoing policy discussion with just a small amount of original visual analytics and geographical data. That is, present a smart and successive visualization or datasets, such as cartograms, mental maps, web-GIS platforms, real-time geographies and so on. This process provides new opportunities for intellectual communications and benefits for both researchers and practitioners to present new theoretical and empirical findings from new research and/or innovative geospatial applications. This new EJG section follows the trend in contemporary scholarship on geography to provide open access, inclusive and flexible platforms that express new, vibrant and exciting ideas. The requirements for the new series in EJG are: 1.	Scope: European topics in human or physical geography, using cartography, GIS, remote sensing, quantitative or qualitative methods. 2.	It includes one main idea or one research question, a reproducible method and one single map and up to two extra figures or/and tables. 3.	It has an abstract of 100 words, three to six keywords and one or two research highlights. 4.	It has a total word limit of around 1.000-2.000 words (including the main text, figures, tables and references). 5.	Maps should comply with the usual cartographic and semiotic rules 6.	Data and/or Code should be available on currently available repositories (e.g., Figshare, Mendeley data, Github, CRAN, Dataverse etc.) We welcome research contributions in the scientific fields of geography, planning, sociology, regional science, health, history, engineering, informatics, architecture. For any questions, please write to the editorial team (editor@eurogeojournal.eu) to discuss intended submissions.
Cost-Effectiveness of Treatment for Pediatric Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Tran Khai , Lê Mê-Linh 
Published: May 2022

Limited evidence from 1 cost-consequence analysis study showed that eltrombopag was the preferred thrombopoietin receptor agonist over romiplostim (i.e., less expensive and more effective) for treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia in pediatric patients.
No cost-effectiveness studies of dapsone or rituximab were identified.
Prasterone (Intrarosa)
Authors: CADTH  
Published: May 2022

CADTH recommends that Intrarosa should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) if certain conditions are met.
Intrarosa should only be covered for patients who are eligible for vaginal estrogen products that are currently reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of postmenopausal VVA.
Intrarosa should only be reimbursed if treatment with Intrarosa does not cost more than treatment with the least costly vaginal estrogen product currently reimbursed for the treatment of postmenopausal VVA.
Fragmentación del paisaje en la cuenca del Río Esmeraldas – Ecuador
Authors: Reyes Vera Carlos Humberto , González Quiñonez Luis Adrián , Cevallos Mina Mirna Geraldine , Realpe Bolaños Karla Roxeyine , Estrada Vásquez Erick Lenin , Delgado Rezavala Freddy Junior 
Published: May 2022

Se analiza el grado de fragmentación de los ecosistemas de la cuenca del río Esmeraldas que abarca un área de 21.664 km2 y con una gran variedad de recursos y servicios ecosistémicos que con los cambios de usos del suelo se han deteriorado. La metodología utilizada en el estudio se basó en la aplicación del software ArcGis 10.4.1 para la delimitación de la cuenca del río Esmeraldas y las bases de cobertura vegetal y uso del suelo, generando nuevas tablas de atributos con clases reclasificadas, generando mapas de usos de suelo y cobertura vegetal de los años 1990, 2002 los cuales fueron ingresadas al software Fragstat 4.2 para su análisis, resultando las métricas: densidad de parches, número de parches, área total e índice de agregación, determinando una pérdida del área total en la clase de bosque para el año 2002 del 55% del paisaje forestal, la mayor densidad fragmentación se dieron en los años 2002 y 2015 y la perdida de número de parches se representó con mayor intensidad en el año 2002 para todas las clases excepto para la clase suelo desnudo; cabe recalcar que la aplicación de estos programas son de vital importancia para conocer el estado actual del paisaje que tenemos y de acuerdo a los resultados se recomendaría aplicar estrategias de conservación de biodiversidad acompañada de la aplicación de buenas prácticas ambientales
Dany Laferrière, Sur la route avec Bashô, roman, Éditions du Boréal, 2022
Authors: Streicher Anglade Corinne 
Published: May 2022

Le nouveau livre de Dany Laferrière est un dialogue avec le poète japonais du XVIIe siècle, Basho. Ce dialogue avec le mort se tisse avec des phrases syncopées inspirées par des haïkus minimalistes sans vouloir en être. C’est une autre façon de respirer et d’écrire note Laferrière avec une rythmique singulière. Ainsi sur chaque page se précipite dessins au feutres et mots manuscrits qui ensemble déploient une réflexion. Chaque page est une fin en soi qui ouvre sur un infini. La phrase jette sa coupe d’autant plus rapidement qu’elle résonne avec le dessin qui chez Laferrière resserre l’esprit de la réflexion posée. On n’est pas dans un rapport traditionnel du dessin et de l’écrit, Laferrière reste avant tout haïtien dans l’abondance de l’expression graphique qui noie le mot ou le déchire. Chaque page dévoile ainsi un cœur secret de chair et de sang qui oscille entre le dessin et le mot. Il ne s’agit pas simplement d’illustration qui donne à voir ce qui bat entre les mots, mais le dessin rend le mot visible telle une larme ou un sanglot qui coule sur un visage et dans lesquels s’étranglent les mots. On ne se risque pas sur la route avec Bashô impunément, sans prendre avec soi ce peu de souffle auquel ce qui reste à vivre est suspendu.