bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ceramic and Metallurgical Composite Coatings With Advanced Tribological Properties Under Dry Sliding Conditions
Authors: Gadow R. , Scherer D. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In mechanical engineering there is an increasing demand for lightweight design and materials engineering from the view points of weight reduction, reduction of consumed energy and upgrading of performance. One major drawback of light metal alloys is their poor tribological properties concerning friction and wear under high surface loadings. This study focuses on the development of combined coatings on light metal substrates which show high wear resistance and low friction coefficients under dry sliding conditions. The combined coatings consist of a thermally sprayed ceramic or metallurgical primary coating to provide the wear resistance. Subsequently a coating with dry lubricating ability is deposited to achieve a low friction coefficient, either by application of a lubricant lacquer containing microscale solid lubricant particles (e.g. PTFE, MoS2), by cathode sputtering of MoS2 or by deposition of pure carbon containing coatings (a-C:H) by plasma assisted CVD.
Effect of WC Content on the Wear Resistance of Ni-Base Alloy Spray Fusing Overlays
Authors: Ding Z. , Zhao H. , Wang J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This paper gives an account of pin-on-disc low stress abrasive wear and erosion wear tests on the specimens made by oxy-acetylene flame spray-fusing technology to explores the effect of WC content on the wear resistance of oxy-acetylene flame spray-fusing overlays. In the test, Ni60, NiWC25 and NiWC35 three kinds of various WC content Ni-base self-fluxing alloys were used as the typical wear resistance materials compared with 16Mn material and high Cr cast iron arc surfacing overlay. In pin-on-disc wear tests, SiC, Al2O3 and SiO2 different abrasive were used, and in erosion wear tests 30° and 90° erosion wear tests were performed. This paper also analyzed the wear mechanisms of spray-fusing overlays that possess different WC content by means of hardness tests and overlay's structure analysis. The results show that WC content influences the wear resistance of spray-fusing overlays greatly, but in various wear type and conditions, its effect's degree and tendency are quite different.
Study of Slide-Wear Resistance of Ultrasonic Arc Sprayed TiAl Alloy Coatings
Authors: Wang H. , Li P. , Guo Q. , Yang H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
By use of homemade arc spraying system patented, which could make melted metal droplets atomized fully and make its flying velocity achieve ultrasonic velocity, TiAl alloy coatings were manufactured on the aluminum alloy (LY12) substrate surface. The slide wear resistance of TiAl alloy coatings was investigated. The effect of spraying parameters, coatings' chemical composition and microstructure on the slide-wear resistance of coatings was examined. Then the slide-wear mechanism of the coatings was discussed. The results showed that the slide wear resistance of TiAl alloy coatings by ultrasonic arc sprayed is 17 times higher than it of the aluminum alloy (LY12) substrate under the condition of dry slide-wear.
Tribological Behaviour of Abradable Coatings Obtained by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS)
Authors: Guilemany J.M. , Navarro J. , Lorenzana C. , Vizcaino S. , Miguel J.M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Actually abradable coatings obtained by thermal spraying are currently used in aeronautical industry. They improve the turbines tightness increasing in that way, their yield. The most relevant property of this kind of coatings is its easy machinability. They have good friction properties due to the lubricant phases such as graphite or polyester and could be used for surface engineering. To optimizate abradable coating It is necessary to study the wear mechanics implied in tribological processes. In the Thermal Spray Center of the Universitat de Barcelona, AlSi-Polyester, AlSi-Graphite and Ni-Graphite coatings have been studied. Their tribological study includes Ball on Disk (BOD) test (according to ASTM G99-90) to determinate the coating friction coefficient. The wear mechanism is determined by the study of the wear track by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Scanning white light interferometry (SWLI). Main common wear parameters are reported and compared to the steel substrate.
Investigation of Composite Powders with a Carbide Phase for Plasma Spraying of Wear Resistant Coatings
Authors: Ilyuschenko A. , Shevtsov A.I. , Okovity V.A. , Steinhauser S. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Conducted are investigations of powders for plasma spray of wear resistant coatings. Studied are shape, relief and particle size of NiCr-Fe+50(80)%Cr3C2, NiCr-Fe+50(80)%SiC powders using scanning electron microscopy. Investigations is supplemented by the results of X-ray structural studies. Investigations serve to develop coatings with the improved oil trap capability, increased hardness and wear resistance, sprayed by a plasma jet. The developed coatings will be used to restore and strengthen machines components
Microstructure Characteristics and Corrosion Behaviour of HVOF Sprayed Metallic Coatings
Authors: Sturgeon A.J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The application of HVOF spraying to deposit high quality coatings of corrosion resistant alloys for protecting an underlying steel substrate against corrosion in seawater has received much interest over the past few years. Despite the attainment of low levels of porosity and oxide, the coatings to not appear to offer the same level of corrosion resistance as the corresponding bulk materials. The aim of the work reported here is to demonstrate the level of corrosion performance that can be expected from coatings of corrosion resistant alloys deposited using the HVOF spraying process. Three alloy types are considered, a stainless steel with a composition similar to 316L, a nickel alloy with a composition similar to 625 alloy, and commercially pure titanium.
A Summary of Recent Developments of HVOF Sprayed Ceramic-Metallic Coatings for Corrosion and Wear Resistance
Authors: Berget J. , Rogne T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In recent years Norwegian industries together with SINTEF and NTNU have run several projects dealing with development of thermally sprayed ceramic-metallic coatings for corrosion and wear applications. The mechanisms of erosion, corrosion and combined actions have been studied. The coatings studied are of the metal-carbide / metallic binder type sprayed by the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) process. The influence of powder properties like carbide particle size, powder grain size distribution, chemical composition (i.e. type of carbide and composition of the metallic binder) together with the influence of spray systems and parameters have been studied. The studies have demonstrated how optimization of powder and spray parameters improve corrosion and wear behavior of the coatings. Attention has also been paid to methods used for manufacturing powders for thermal spraying. This is very important from a corrosion point of view. The manufacturing methods should make sure that metallic binders are sufficiently alloyed to achieve the necessary corrosion resistance. The results from the work done in these projects are valuable for suppliers of thermal spray powders, spray companies and end users of coatings.
Arc Sprayed Ti-N Coatings for Protection Against Corrosion and Wear
Authors: Bach Fr.-W. , Babiak Z. , Tegeder G. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
TiN reinforced Ti coatings were produced by using the arc spraying process. TiN hard phases were synthesized during spraying using Ar/N2 reactive atomizing gas. The spray process was realised in an air atmosphere with a shrouded gun and in a chamber with closed loop Ar/N2-gas atmosphere. The content of TiN phases in Ti-coatings was increased by rising the N2-amount in atomizing gas during spraying. Sprayed coatings obtained a graded hardness ranging from 450HV0.1 near the substrate up to 650HV0.1 near the top (mean values). TiN-particle precipitations exhibited micro hardness up to 1350HV0.1. Structure investigations of manufactured coatings proved that they consist of pure titanium, titanium nitrides and small amounts of titanium oxides. Wear resistance of the coatings, tested by Taber Abraser and Pin on Disc, decreases from the coating surface to the substrate. According to Kesternich test, Ti/TiN-arc sprayed coatings exhibit good corrosion resistance.
Extensive Characterization of Dense and Corrosion Resistant Coatings Produced by Improved Shrouded Techniques
Authors: Rinaldi C. , Ferravante L. , Uberti-Paci F. , Bianchi P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In a BRITE-EURAM Project gas shroud devices were developed for arc-wire and air plasma spraying processes to obtain cost effective coatings with high density, low defect contents and high corrosion resistance. To test the two devices FeCrAl, NiCrAl and NiCrTi coatings sprayed by shrouded arc were studied for boiler application; AMDRY 995 coatings sprayed by shrouded plasma were analysed for gas turbine blades. In this paper the results are presented of the extensive characterization performed by CESI on the coatings produced with the innovative techniques developed by the other partners. The coatings were sectioned and analysed by metallography and image analysis to determine oxide and porosity contents (total defect levels were less than 5%). Hardness and adhesion were measured following the ASTM standard procedures. On FeCrAl, NiCrAl and NiCrTi coatings sprayed by shrouded arc-wire technique both thermal cycling and corrosion tests were performed. A sulphidizing gaseous atmosphere was used to simulate boiler environment burning sulphur rich fuel as Orimulsion. The corrosion behavior after 1000h at 450°C resulted to be as good as that of an HVOF sprayed similar coating. Moreover coated tubes survived to thermal cycling tests without any delamination. Hot corrosion "Dean tests" were performed on AMDRY995 coatings sprayed by shrouded plasma onto two Ni-base superalloys (Ud 529 and In738). The environment was typical of hot parts in gas turbines; the corrosion resistance results after 1750h at 850°C were comparable to those typically obtained on the same material sprayed by vacuum plasma spray technique. The applicability of the shrouded plasma technique to the field of gas turbines was confirmed.
Corrosion Properties of HVOF Sprayed and Nd-YAG Laser Remelted High-Chromium Nickel-Chromium Coatings
Authors: Tuominen J. , Vouristo P. , Mäntylä T. , Ahmaniemi S. , Vihinen J. , Andersson P.H. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Thermal spray processes are widely used to deposit high-chromium nickel-chromium coatings to improve high temperature oxidation and corrosion behaviour. However, in spite of the efforts made to improve the present spraying techniques, such as HVOF and plasma spraying, these coatings may still exhibit certain defects such as unmelted particles, oxide layers at splat boundaries, porosity and cracks, which are detrimental to corrosion performance in severe operation conditions. Due to low process temperature only mechanical bonding is obtained between the coating and substrate. Laser remelting of the sprayed coatings was studied in order to overcome the drawbacks of sprayed structures and to markedly improve the coating properties. The coating material was high-chromium nickel-chromium alloy, which contains small amounts of molybdenum and boron (53.3%Cr- 42.5%Ni - 2.5%Mo - 0.5%B). The coatings were prepared by high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying onto mild steel substrates. High power fiber coupled continuous wave Nd-YAG laser equipped with large beam optics was used to remelt the HVOF sprayed coating using different levels of scanning speed and beam width (10 mm and 20 mm). Coating remelted with the highest traverse speed tended to suffer cracking during rapid solidification inherent to laser processing. However, choosing appropriate laser parameters, non-porous, crack-free coatings with minimal dilution between coating and substrate were produced. Laser remelting resulted in the formation of dense oxide layer on top of the coatings and full homogenization of the sprayed structure. The coatings as-sprayed and after laser remelting were characterized by optical and electron microscopy (OPM, SEM). Dilution between coating and substrate was studied with EDS. The properties of the laser remelted coatings were directly compared with properties of as-sprayed HVOF coatings.
Non Destructive Testing for the Estimation of the Adhesion of Plasma Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Costil S. , Coddet C. , Rosa G. , Psyllaki P. , Oltra R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
In this study, a new laser based technique was evaluated for the characterization of plasma-sprayed oxide coatings. It uses the contactless laser generation and detection of ultrasonic waves in the bi-layered systems. For this purpose, a nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser (λ : 1064 nm, τ =14 ns) was used for irradiating the ceramic coating, whilst the longitudinal displacements of the rear surface of the metallic substrate were detected at the epicenter using a laser heterodyne interferometer. The acoustic signal recorded at the rear surface of the substrate was found to be characteristic of the different events taking place within the irradiated system. In this way, the longitudinal wave velocity, the porosity, as well as the Young's modulus of the coatings can be easily determined, whilst the coating/ substrate adhesion strength can be calculated, taking into account both the thermal, as well as the acoustic effects of the laser radiation. The proposed technique was applied to alumina coatings deposited onto stainless steel coupons by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying and the results were found to be in accordance with those obtained by the techniques commonly used for testing thermal spray coatings (interfacial indentation test, porosity measurement, etc.).
Properties of Thermal Sprayed Coatings Characterized by Lock-in Thermography
Authors: Wielage B. , Hofmann U. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The control of the coating quality becomes more and more important. Infrared methods are well introduced in industry for several types of inspections. The lock-in thermography is based on modulated heat flux and is proved for composite materials and electronic components. In combination with an IR-camera seems to meet the requirements of a modem quality control system. The off-line measurement takes about 3 up to 5 minutes depending on the geometry of the surface. The paper gives an overview on the principle, the technical details of the measurement and the correlation of the detected signals and the coating properties will be discussed. The accuracy concerning the thickness is determined for different coatings (e.g. WC-Co).
Quality Assurance for Thermal Spraying by Implementation of New QM Standards and Regulations for Personnel Qualification
Authors: Böhme D.G.F. , Huber R. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Quality management (QM) standards, used as a support to safeguard product quality, show the way to implement a quality management system and/or to adapt and revise an already existing QM system. This article describes the quality requirements for thermal spraying companies and qualification requirements for spraying personnel. In addition, it provides the guidelines for the education and examination of spray personnel.
Integrated Thermal Spray Systems—Some Practical Considerations
Authors: Tucker R.C. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Industrial demands for higher quality, yet lower cost thermal spray coatings have driven the development of highly automated and fully integrated thermal spray systems. These systems include computer control of the powder, gas, electrical power, and cooling fed to the spray device, auxiliary cooling of the part, and motion of the part spray device. The subsystems may include closed-loop control of particular parameters such as the powder feed rate. More fundamental closed-loop or "intelligent" processing systems are under development. A key element in such systems is the ability to sense critical parameters that are indicative of the coating's properties in such a manner that changes in the process can be made to maintain its properties while the coating is being deposited. For example, it is widely recognized that the temperature, velocity, and size distribution of the powder particles during flight are largely responsible for the properties of the resultant coating. A variety of sensor systems have been developed recently that can measure one or more of these properties. At least one such system is capable of measuring all three parameters for the full cross section of the spray. Computer controls, closed loop systems, and intelligent processing cannot compensate for poorly designed, manufactured, or maintained equipment. Nor can they compensate for unsatisfactory preparation of the surface, feedstock (powder, gas, power), finishing equipment or materials, or training of operators. Sufficient attention to all of these factors may even make the investment in some more sophisticated systems questionable for some applications. This paper will attempt to provide an overview of the currently available highly automated and integrated thermal spray systems used for intelligent processing and consider some criteria for its selection and use.
New Developments in Thermal Spray Gas Supply Systems
Authors: Cole M. , Gabzdyl J. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
An important aspect in the successful commercialisation of thermal spray processing is a safe and cost efficient gas supply system. As coating techniques such as High Velocity Oxygen Fuel spraying, (HVOF) High Pressure Plasma spraying (HPPS), High Pressure High Velocity Oxygen Fuel kerosene based systems (HPHVOF) and the recent developments in Cold Gas Dynamic spraying become more prominent, so the requirements on existing standard gas delivery systems designed for less demanding applications such as flame and plasma spraying need to be up-rated and improved. This work highlights recent developments in gas safety supply equipment dedicated to the thermal spray sector, the use of gas detectors in thermal spray workshops, more cost efficient gas delivery systems for fuel gases such as hydrogen, LPG propane, propylene and acetylene, and also covers improvements in gas delivery systems for the process gases such as oxygen, nitrogen and argon. The paper looks at various gas supply options, comparing compressed gas cylinders, liquid gas cylinders and bulk liquid supply vessels outlining the benefits and limitations of each systems in relation to the individual spray techniques. The higher pressures and flow rate associated with the growth of kerosene based fuel guns has resulted in an increased demand on the conventional compressed oxygen supply systems making them less cost effective and unworkable in a production environment. The paper covers new liquid oxygen supply cylinders and novel bulk tank systems that reduce cylinder holdings while reducing gas wastage due to lack of pressure. With the increase in higher thermal energy systems, necessity to more closely control the temperature of sprayed the component has outstretched the demands on conventional compressed air cooling systems. In the past, the use of cryogenic cooling gases such as carbon dioxide has been restricted by increased cost. However it has been shown in a number of cases that often the hidden costs of running air compressors, including the use of moisture traps, and oil filters can be greater than using clean, high purity cryogenic liquid gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The paper outlines the details of such cooling systems. The commercial success of Cold Gas Dynamic spraying may in future rely on a cost efficient, high pressure and high volume gas delivery systems for either helium or nitrogen. The paper describes a novel high pressure supply system presently used in another application suitable for Cold Gas Dynamic spraying with nitrogen able to generate pressure in-excess of 30 bar and flow rates above 120m3/hr from a liquid vessel.
What Influence Does the Purity of Industrial Gases Have on the Quality of Thermal Spraying?
Authors: Krömmer W. , Heinrich P. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Being able to offer a consistently high level of spray coatings on a global scale has become more and more the trend in thermal spraying. For this reason it is extremely important that auxiliary materials such as industrial gases or spray materials of a high quality are provided world-wide. In connection with their respective applications, industrial gases must always be available at a specified purity level. In order to ensure such a purity, industrial gas producers invest a great deal of time and energy in analysis and supply concepts which guarantee this purity from the tank or cylinder through to the transfer point. This paper will provide an overview of state-of-the-art supply and purity concepts, as seen by the gas industry, and the influence of fluctuating gas quality. Examples will also be given for the differing gas qualities in individual countries.
Plasma Spray: The Job Shop Perspective
Authors: Bhusari M. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
The plasma spray process is one of the oldest and most useful thermal spray processes used in industry today. The principles of plasma spray are complex. The many factors that affect plasma spray make understanding and manipulating the process a difficult task. Although it is impossible to isolate each of those factors, the understanding of the way they affect the quality of the coating can help the sprayer make an improved judgement for coating development and application. This paper is an attempt to identify the various factors, including plasma spray equipment configurations, plasma gases, feedstock and manipulation, and discuss their effect on a particular plasma spray coating application from a job shop perspective. Also, plasma spray coating applications are discussed.
SHS Powder Materials for Protective Coatings in Power Industry
Authors: Ilyuschenko A. , Vitiaz P. , Beijaev A. , Talako T. 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
This article investigates composite powder materials based on double chromium and titanium carbides with nickel-chromium binder produced using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. It focuses on the hypersonic velocity oxygen fuel coatings from the synthesized powders. Laboratory tests were focused on the solid particle erosion which occur in energy production systems such as fluidized bed combustors, advanced pulverized cool boilers, and entrained coal gasifiers. Tests were conducted at elevated temperature in a blast nozzle type of tester using bed or fly ashes retrieved from the operating CFB boilers. It was observed that, when adjusting carbide phase composition and chromium content in titanium carbide solid solution, one can control the oxidation kinetic and wear resistance of the material. Fine-grained structure and high cohesion strength of the composite materials formed during synthesis provide their excellent elevated temperature erosion performance in a wide range of test conditions.