bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple method to disperse eggs from lepidopteran scalelike egg masses and to observe embryogenesis
Authors: Arai Hiroshi , Ishitsubo Yuna , Nakai Madoka , Inoue Maki N. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractVarious insect species lay tiny, thin‐ and soft‐shelled eggs in a connected “egg mass”. Especially in several lepidopteran species, the structure of such clustered eggs is covered with complicated scale‐like secretion, which has so far prevented analysis of individual embryos. However, few studies on methods to disperse egg clusters of such insects and to compare different methods have been carried out. To overcome these problems, we developed methods to separate egg masses into individual eggs, using two Tortricidae pests, Homona magnanima Diakonoff and Adoxophyes honmai Yasuda (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The eggs were successfully separated from each other using potassium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite. Although the separated eggs no longer continued their embryogenesis, fixation with heptane–paraformaldehyde, permeabilization with heptane–methanol, and staining with several dyes enabled easy observation of embryogenesis. This protocol is expected to be applicable to other insect taxa and will facilitate further morphological and genetic studies in insects that lay egg masses.
Effects of notch position on the fatigue crack growth behavior of dissimilar laser welded DP980/QP980 joint
Authors: Huang Jiajin , Li Shengci , Zhong Huilong , Li Dehua , Zhang Zhiqian 
Published: January 2022

AbstractLaser welding of heterogeneous high‐strength steels (AHSSs) is increasingly used in the automotive industry, while the inhomogeneous microstructure of the joint could affect its fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior. Therefore, fiber laser welding experiments were performed in this study to evaluate the microstructure, mechanical properties, and effects of notch position on FCG behavior of dissimilar laser welded DP980/QP980 joint. Results show that the hardness of fusion zone (FZ) near the QP980 side was higher and softening zones were observed in the heat affect zone (HAZ) on both sides of the joint. The stress–strain curves of all the samples show continuous yield and follow the two‐stage work hardening mechanism. The weld overmatch effect induced by laser welding could hinder the propagation of fatigue crack. The microstructural inhomogeneity, weld mismatch effect, and crack closure contribute to the variety of FCG rates. Ductile fracture mechanism became more dominant with the increase of ΔK.
Analytical Solutions for Steady‐State Gas Flow in Layered Soils with Field Applications
Authors: Stewart Lloyd 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSoil vapor extraction (SVE) is widely used to remove volatile organic compounds from the vadose zone. Design of SVE systems rely largely upon vacuum responses and limited vapor concentration data measured during short‐term soil gas extraction tests performed in single extraction wells. Interpretation of such vacuum data is often simply a rule of thumb as most field sites have layering complexity negating applicability of existing analytical models. This paper provides the derivation of an analytical model for steady, axisymmetric gas flow in heterogeneous (layered) soils from a single well. A general, variable flow boundary condition along the well screen represents actual conditions more closely than a uniform flow or uniform well pressure condition. Each soil layer is assumed homogeneous with anisotropic gas permeability. The solution is derived using the generalized integral transform technique and includes expressions for vacuum, velocities, and streamlines. The model is applied to the interpretation of multiple well tests at a field site and uses linear superposition to extend the flow model to multi‐well extraction. The demonstration site included an array of vacuum monitoring data collected during nine individual well flow tests. A method of normalizing the vacuum data is illustrated that allowed the full data set to be employed in a single calibration effort. The test site also included a surface cap with an apparent vertical permeability two to three orders of magnitude smaller than the sands of the vadose zone. This large permeability contrast posed no difficulties in evaluating the solution.
A call for nurses and interdisciplinary collaborators to urgently respond to the health and well‐being needs of refugees across the world
Authors: Wilson Rhonda L. , Atem Jacob Mabil , Gumuskaya Oya , Lavadas Michalis , Šošić Bojan , Urek Mojca 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic is compounding the distress of millions of refugees (made up of displaced persons, forced migrants, refugees and asylum seekers) throughout the world. This discursive paper pitches a challenge for the global nursing profession, within the multidisciplinary context, to consider its collective agency in responding to the health and well‐being needs of a priority portion of the global population. Nursing leaders are encouraged to renew their commitment to the International Council of Nurses’ Code of Ethics and consider the role of their profession in assisting global refugees, because the extent of present need has become an escalating major global humanitarian crisis. The nursing profession comprises half the world's healthcare workforce. The World Health Organization considers that nurses play a fundamental role in ensuring access to universal healthcare as a basic human right, addressing the global need for health promotion care, disease prevention and primary and community healthcare (International Council of Nurses, The ICN code of ethics for nurses; 2012). It is a human right to seek asylum from persecution, and in doing so, people should not be subjected to cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or circumstances. Nurses are increasingly interested in fostering a healthy and adaptive environment in which people can thrive, despite personal, political, emotional, physical or social adversity. Nursing care is indispensable for the easement of human distress and for the promotion of comfort and coping. Nurses have an essential role in advocating for policies that will enhance immigrants’ access to health/mental health services and address barriers irrespective of migrant/refugee/asylum seeker status. These are challenging times as the world responds to the pandemic crisis, and nurses are called to rise to global and local leadership roles and join with other health and social care colleagues in addressing the universal human health, social and political crisis of our time. The global nursing collective must come to terms with the need to initiate additional compelling ways to improve and integrate health and social care processes so that nursing care, mental health and social care augment a holistic achievement of appropriate care for refugees.
Langerhans cells and SFRP2/Wnt/beta‐catenin signalling control adaptation of skin epidermis to mechanical stretching
Authors: Ledwon Joanna K. , Vaca Elbert E. , Huang Chiang C. , Kelsey Lauren J. , McGrath Jennifer L. , Topczewski Jacek , Gosain Arun K. , Topczewska Jolanta M. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractSkin can be mechanically stimulated to grow through a clinical procedure called tissue expansion (TE). Using a porcine TE model, we determined that expansion promptly activates transcription of SFRP2 in skin and we revealed that in the epidermis, this protein is secreted by Langerhans cells (LCs). Similar to well‐known mechanosensitive genes, the increase in SFRP2 expression was proportional to the magnitude of tension, showing a spike at the apex of the expanded skin. This implies that SFRP2 might be a newly discovered effector of mechanotransduction pathways. In addition, we found that acute stretching induces accumulation of b‐catenin in the nuclei of basal keratinocytes (KCs) and LCs, indicating Wnt signalling activation, followed by cell proliferation. Moreover, TE‐activated LCs proliferate and migrate into the suprabasal layer of skin, suggesting that LCs rebuild their steady network within the growing epidermis. We demonstrated that in vitro hrSFRP2 treatment on KCs inhibits Wnt/b‐catenin signalling and stimulates KC differentiation. In parallel, we observed an accumulation of KRT10 in vivo in the expanded skin, pointing to TE‐induced, SFRP2‐augmented KC maturation. Overall, our results reveal that a network of LCs delivers SFRP2 across the epidermis to fine‐tune Wnt/b‐catenin signalling to restore epidermal homeostasis disrupted by TE.
Enhancing fractalkine/CX3CR1 signalling pathway can reduce neuroinflammation by attenuating microglia activation in experimental diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Jiang Mengmeng , Xie Hai , Zhang Chaoyang , Wang Tianqin , Tian Haibin , Lu Lixia , Xu Jing‐Ying , Xu Guo‐Tong , Liu Lin , Zhang Jingfa 
Published: January 2022

AbstractThe concept of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been extended from microvascular disease to neurovascular disease in which microglia activation plays a remarkable role. Fractalkine (FKN)/CX3CR1 is reported to regulate microglia activation in central nervous system diseases. To characterize the effect of FKN on microglia activation in DR, we employed streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats, glyoxal‐treated R28 cells and hypoxia‐treated BV2 cells to mimic diabetic conditions and explored retinal neuronal apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the expressions of FKN, Iba‐1, TSPO, NF‐κB, Nrf2 and inflammation‐related cytokines. The results showed that FKN expression declined with diabetes progression and in glyoxal‐treated R28 cells. Compared with normal control, retinal microglia activation and inflammatory factors surged in both diabetic rat retinas and hypoxia‐treated microglia, which was largely dampened by FKN. The NF‐κB and Nrf2 expressions and intracellular ROS were up‐regulated in hypoxia‐treated microglia compared with that in normoxia control, and FKN significantly inhibited NF‐κB activation, activated Nrf2 pathway and decreased intracellular ROS. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that FKN deactivated microglia via inhibiting NF‐κB pathway and activating Nrf2 pathway, thus to reduce the production of inflammation‐related cytokines and ROS, and protect the retina from diabetes insult.
Phylogenomics and rapid diversification of the genus Eutrema on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and adjacent regions
Authors: Wang Yi , Hao Guo‐Qian , Guo Xin‐Yi , Zhang Dan , Hu Quan‐Jun , Liu Jian‐Quan 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBoth geographic isolation and polyploidization are assumed to play an important role in driving species diversification. However, this is rarely illustrated through phylogenomic analyses. The genus Eutrema (Brassicaceae), which also includes the salt‐resistant species, are distributed mainly in Asia with extensive species diversification in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) and adjacent regions. In this study, we revealed almost fully resolved backbone relationships of the genus with genome re‐sequencing data for genomes of 168 individuals from 28 species. Phylogenetic analyses of both plastomes and single‐copy nuclear genes from the whole genome recovered six well‐supported clades with almost consistent relationships. The first two clades are mainly distributed in central China and central Asia, while the other four in the QTP and adjacent regions. All of them diversified within 12 million years. Within each clade, we recovered numerous conflicts in the interspecific relationships between nuclear and plastome phylogenies, likely suggesting hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting during species diversification. Our estimation of genome size and comparison of the number of the single‐copy nuclear genes demonstrated frequent occurrences of polyploids in the genus. Except for an establishment of the backbone phylogeny, our phylogenomic analyses suggest that in addition to strong geographic isolation, polyploidization may have played an important role in species diversification of this genus.
Tongue atrophy as a neurological finding in hereditary polyneuropathy in Alaskan malamutes
Authors: Hultman Josefin , Jäderlund Karin H. , Moe Lars , Espenes Arild , Skedsmo Fredrik S. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundTongue atrophy with wrinkling as a clinical sign of inherited polyneuropathies has not been reported in dogs.ObjectivesClinically describe tongue atrophy as well as morphology of the tongue and hypoglossal nerve in Alaskan malamute polyneuropathy (AMPN).AnimalsSix client‐owned Alaskan malamute dogs diagnosed with AMPN, all homozygous for the causative mutation in the N‐myc downstream‐regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) and 1 neurologically normal control Alaskan malamute.MethodsProspective case study. Clinical and neurological examinations were performed on affected dogs. Necropsy samples from the tongue muscle and hypoglossal nerve were examined by light and electron microscopy.ResultsAll affected dogs had abnormal wrinkles and grooves on the dorsal surface of the tongue, a clinical sign not described previously in dogs with AMPN. Electromyography of the tongue performed in 2 dogs showed spontaneous activity. Five affected dogs underwent necropsy studies. Histopathology of the tongue showed groups of angular atrophic myofibers and changes in the hypoglossal nerve included thinly myelinated fibers, small onion bulbs, folded myelin, and axonal degeneration.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceHistopathologic changes in the tongue and hypoglossal nerve were consistent with previously reported changes in skeletal muscle and other nerves from dogs with AMPN. Therefore, we conclude that macroscopic tongue atrophy is part of the disease phenotype of AMPN and should be considered a potential clinical sign in dogs with polyneuropathies.
Selection of the modeling resolution of infrastructure
Authors: Nocera Fabrizio , Gardoni Paolo 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAccurate risk analysis requires representative mathematical models of infrastructure. One of the main challenges in developing mathematical models of infrastructure is selecting the modeling resolution from multiple candidates for the required analyses, each candidate having different computational cost, accuracy, and possibly ability to provide information. The goal of selecting the model resolution is to allocate computational resources to the model that best delivers the desired information with the desired accuracy level. This paper proposes a mathematical formulation to select the appropriate resolution for the modeling of infrastructure. We formulate the model selection as an iterative process until a tradeoff is achieved among accuracy, simplicity, and computational efficiency. To select the appropriate level of resolution, we propose novel metrics that measure the level of agreement between estimates of the quantities of interest computed using different levels of resolution. Specifically, we propose global metrics of accuracy that inform if a model is sufficiently detailed or oversimplified. Likewise, we introduce local metrics of accuracy to inform which parts of the model (e.g., spatial portions of the infrastructure model) need refinements. We illustrate the proposed mathematical formulation by selecting the level of resolution of the water infrastructure of Seaside, Oregon, for the purpose of assessing its functionality after a seismic hazard.
The Post-Traditional Ontology and Hermeneutics of Congar's Theology of History
Authors: Clarke Paul 
Published: January 2022

AbstractYves Congar's impressive theology of tradition is, rather paradoxically, a post-traditional attempt to rediscover, conceptualize, and account for tradition. A critical element of Congar's post-traditional work on tradition is his retrieval of a ‘Thomistic’ theology of history. This article explores the ontology and hermeneutics of Congar's theology of history, focusing in particular on some of the dynamics and internal tensions of Congar's mediation of Thomistic sacra doctrina to distinctively modern theological questions. I first discuss Congar's hermeneutics of reception, with particular attention to the influence of Marie-Dominique Chenu. Second, I sketch the main features of Congar's theology of history, with particular attention paid to how it is informed by his ressourcement reading of Thomas. By way of conclusion, I offer an appraisal of and critical response to Congar's post-traditional hermeneutics and ontology of history
Effect of earplug/eye mask on sleep and delirium in intensive care patients
Authors: Akpinar Reva Balci , Aksoy Meyreme , Kant Elif 
Published: January 2022

AbstractBackgroundEnvironmental factors such as loud sounds and bright lights in intensive care units can cause sleep disorders and delirium.AimThe present study aims to investigate the effects of the overnight use of earplugs and eye masks by intensive care patients on their sleep quality and the degree of delirium.Study DesignThis randomized controlled experimental study was conducted on the patients admitted to a coronary intensive care unit.MethodsThe patients in the experimental group used earplugs and eye masks during the night, while those in the control group received only routine care. Data were collected using an information form, the Richards‐Campbell sleep questionnaire (RCSQ), and the intensive care delirium screening checklist (ICDSC).ResultsThe study included a total of 84 patients, 42 in the experimental group and 42 in the control group. The baseline average score of the patients in the experiment group on the RCSQ was 40.11 ± 16.55, with a Time 1 average score of 64.09 ± 14.07 and a Time 2 average score of 72.07 ± 11.75; their baseline average score on the ICDSC was 0.47 ± 0.50, with a Time 1 average score of 0.33 ± 065 and a Time 2 average score of 0.19 ± 039. The baseline average score of the patients in the control group on the RCSQ was 44.07 ± 7.30, with a Time 1 average score of 46.97 ± 9.22 and a Time 2 average score of 47.04 ± 11.53; the baseline average score of the control group on the ICDSC was 0.42 ± 0.50, with a Time 1 average score of 0.50 ± 0.70 and a Time 2 average score of 0.57 ± 0.66. A statistically significant difference was found between the Time 1 and Time 2 average scores of the experimental and control groups on the RCSQ and between the Time 2 average scores of the experimental and control groups on the ICDSC (U = 198.00, P < .001; U = 70.000, P < .001; U = 614.000, P = ·004 respectively).ConclusionsThe earplugs and eye masks used by the intensive care patients overnight were associated with an increase in sleep quality and a decrease in the degree of delirium.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe use of earplugs and eye masks is recommended for intensive care units in supporting sleep quality and preventing delirium.
Prevention of transient bacteraemia following impacted lower third molar surgery: A randomized triple‐blind controlled trial of chlorhexidine mouthrinse and amoxicillin
Authors: Suttapreyasri Srisurang , Supatraviwat Panu , Yingkajorn Mingkwan , Laoisariyakul Peerapong , Klaprabsuek Aviga , Phattaraprueksa Ornsarat , Pitthayajamrus Sitthichai 
Published: January 2022

AbstractAimEvaluate the efficacy of 0.3% chlorhexidine mouthwash (CHX) and 2‐g amoxicillin (AMX) on the prevalence and nature of transient bacteraemia after surgical removal of an impacted lower third molar.Materials and MethodsThirty patients were assigned to either the CHX, AMX, or placebo groups (CTR) in a triple‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial. Blood was cultured and identified at three time points; baseline, 30 s and 15 min following flap incision. Samples were processed for using BACTECTM FX and then Matirx‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry for positive identification.ResultsThe prevalence of transient bacteraemia was 50% in the CTR group, and 10% each in the CHX and AMX groups. At 30 s, there was no difference in the prevalence of transient bacteraemia in the CHX (10%), AMX (10%) and CTR (30%) groups (p = 0.477). However, at 15 min, there was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of bacteraemia between the CHX (0), AMX (10%) and CTR (40%) groups (p = 0.029). The majority of cultures yielded gram‐positive cocci. The most frequently isolated organisms were viridans streptococci and Actinomyces oris.Conclusion0.3% CHX is effective in preventing postoperative bacteraemia for at least 15min and may be considered as a prophylaxis antiseptic prior to thrid molar surgery.The trial was registered and approved by Thai Clinical Trails Registry Committee (TCTR20210531006).
Genome‐wide structural and functional features of single nucleotide polymorphisms revealed from the whole genome resequencing of 179 accessions of Arachis
Authors: Bhat Ramesh S. , Shirasawa Kenta , Chavadi Shwetha D. 
Published: January 2022

AbstractPeanut being an important food, oilseed and fodder crop worldwide, its genetic improvement currently relies on genomics‐assisted breeding (GAB). Since the level of marker polymorphism is limited in peanut, the availability of a large number of DNA markers is the prerequisite for GAB. Therefore, we detected 4,309,724 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the whole genome re‐sequencing (WGRS) data of 178 peanut accessions along with the reference genome sequence of Tifrunner. SNPs were analyzed for their structural and functional features to conclude on their utility and employability in genetic and genomic studies. ISATGR278‐18, a synthetic amphidiploid, showed the highest number of SNPs (2,505,266), while PI_628538 recorded the lowest number (19,058) of SNPs. A03 showed the highest number of SNPs, while B08 recorded the lowest number of SNPs. The number of accessions required to record 50% of the total SNPs varied from 11 to 13 across the chromosomes. The rate of transitions was more than that of transversions. Among the various chromosomal contexts, intergenic and intronic regions carried more SNPs than the exonic regions. SNP impact analysis indicated 2488 SNPs with high impact due to gain of stop codons, variations in splice acceptors and splice donors, and loss of start codons. Of the 4,309,723 SNPs, 46,087 had the highest polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.375. As an illustration of application, the drought‐tolerant accession C76‐16 was compared with A72 (an accession with high‐stress rating) to identify 637,833 SNPs, of which 418 had high impact substitutions. Overall, these structural and functional features of the SNPs will be of immense importance for their utility in genetic and genomic studies in peanut.
CRISPR/CAS12A-BASED DIAGNOSTICS FOR COVID-19
Authors: Kabylbayeva A. , Zharylgassynova K. , Abilova A. , Amanzholova M. , Abeldenov S. 
Published: January 2022

Access to fast and reliable methods for the detection of nucleic acids is critical in many different fields. Early identification of pathogens based on their genetic information associated with various diseases makes early diagnosis and treatment possible.
The situation with the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that right now there is an urgent need to find enzymes for new diagnostic methods based on modern fundamental knowledge. Methods that allow covering a wider range of applications will be cheaper and do not require specialized premises, qualified personnel and will be simple to implement.
One of these enzymes is the recently discovered endonuclease of the CRISPR/Cas systems - Cas12a. In this review, we provide a description of the Cas12a enzyme and its use in the COVID-19 diagnostics.