bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design for drainability in density-based topology optimization
Authors: Giele Reinier , van Keulen Fred , Langelaar Matthijs 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTopology optimization methods improve the structural performance of components. However, in food processing, medical, high-precision, and other industries' designs should also fulfil the requirement of being cleanable. An important aspect of cleanability is drainability, which entails that fluids can always run off the structure under just gravity. Therefore, taking drainability into account during the optimization process is essential for many applications. This paper proposes a drainage filter that turns a blueprint design into a drainable design. In a layer-by-layer fashion, the design is adjusted, to ensure fluids can always run down its surface. A smooth minimum and maximum are used in the formulation to allow for consistent sensitivity calculation. To allow for the small runoff angles, typical for practical drainability, a grid refinement is proposed. Moreover, any drainage direction can be considered. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated in 2D and 3D.
Predicting pathologic complete response in locally advanced rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy: a machine learning model using XGBoost
Authors: Chen Xijie , Wang Wenhui , Chen Junguo , Xu Liang , He Xiaosheng , Lan Ping , Hu Jiancong , Lian Lei 
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Watch and wait strategy is a safe and effective alternative to surgery in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who have achieved pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT); present restaging methods do not meet clinical needs. This study aimed to construct a machine learning (ML) model to predict pCR preoperatively.

Methods
LARC patients who received NAT were included to generate an extreme gradient boosting-based ML model to predict pCR. The group was divided into a training set and a tuning set at a 7:3 ratio. The SHapley Additive exPlanations value was used to quantify feature importance. The ML model was compared with a nomogram model developed using independent risk factors identified by conventional multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
Compared with the nomogram model, our ML model improved the area under the receiver operating characteristics from 0.72 to 0.95, sensitivity from 43 to 82.2%, and specificity from 87.1 to 91.6% in the training set, the same trend applied to the tuning set. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy, preoperative carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), CA199, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and depth of tumor invasion were significant in predicting pCR in both models.

Conclusion
Our ML model is a potential alternative to the existing assessment tools to conduct triage treatment for patients and provides reference for clinicians in tailoring individual treatment: the watch and wait strategy is used to avoid surgical trauma in pCR patients, and non-pCR patients receive surgical treatment to avoid missing the optimal operation time window.
Naturbasierte Lösungen im Klimaschutzrecht – zugleich eine Anmerkung zu 3a KSG
Authors: Freytag Caterina 
Published: June 2022

ZusammenfassungMit Novellierung des Klimaschutzgesetzes (KSG) hat sich Deutschland ab 2045 zu Netto-Treibhausgasneutralität
verpflichtet. Der Beitrag richtet den Blick auf die Emissionsstruktur des Zieljahres und damit auf die
Frage, in welcher Höhe Restemissionen zugestanden werden sollen und mit welchen CO2-Entnahmeoptionen
diese ausgeglichen werden können. Fest steht: Nur auf ein Minimum reduzierte THG-Emissionen können
nachhaltig ausgeglichen werden. Die Reduktion geht der Entnahme damit vor. Inwieweit aber die Senkenausbauziele,
die mit 3a KSG erstmals Eingang in die deutsche Klimaschutzarchitektur gefunden haben, dem verbleibenden
Kompensationsbedarf Rechnung tragen, wird im Folgenden näher untersucht.
Group cognitive remediation therapy for children and adolescents in intensive day-patient treatment for anorexia nervosa: a feasibility study
Authors: Rhind Charlotte , Mahdi Mishka , Simic Mima , Espie Jonathan , Tchanturia Kate 
Published: June 2022

Summary
Background
Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) is an adjunct treatment targeting set-shifting (SS) and weak central coherence (CC) thought to play a role in maintaining anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to test the feasibility of brief group CRT for young people with AN in a day-patient setting using neuropsychological assessment of SS and CC. It also explored the benefit for young people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) features.

Methods
Twenty female day-patients (12–18 years) with AN or Atypical AN completed neuropsychological assessment of SS (using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task and the Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test) and of CC (using the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figures Task) pre and post 4 sessions of group CRT. Baseline ASD features and weight change pre and post were measured. Feasibility was assessed regarding the recruitment process, intervention feedback, suitability of neuropsychological assessment measures, and effect sizes.

Results
Study uptake was 95%, intervention retention was 91%, and group CRT was rated as acceptable. Medium to large effect size improvements were found across measures of SS (dz = 0.44 to dz = 0.90) and medium size improvements found in CC (dz = 0.59). Young people with ASD features showed smaller to similar size improvements in SS and larger improvements in CC. There was a moderate (not significant) correlation with level of weight restoration.

Conclusions
Important study parameters have been estimated in order to plan a future definitive trial of brief group CRT in a day-patient setting using neuropsychological assessment. These findings also have implications for the use of brief group CRT in young people with ASD features.
Decentering Mid-century Latin American Abstraction
Authors: Pagnanelli Ayelen 
Published: June 2022

This essay reviews the following books:
New Geographies of Abstract Art in Postwar Latin America. Edited by Mariola V. Alvarez and Ana M. Franco. New York: Routledge, 2018. Pp. 268. $48.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780367787004.Dematerialization: Art and Design in Latin America. By Karen Benezra. Oakland: University of California Press, 2020. Pp. xiv + 256. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780520307063.Learning from Madness: Brazilian Modernism and Global Contemporary Art. By Kaira M. Cabañas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018. Pp. 240. $45.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780226556284.Crossings: Cultural Exchange between Argentina and Brazil. By Maria Amalia García, translated by Jane Brodie. Oakland: University of California Press, 2019. Pp. xiii + 320. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780520302198.Contra el canon: El arte contemporáneo en un mundo sin centro. By Andrea Giunta. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 2020. Pp. 234. $9.99 Kindle. ASIN: B08599RSVV.Sur Moderno: Journeys of Abstraction–The Patricia Phelps de Cisneros Gift. By Inés Katzenstein and Maria Amalia García, et al. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2019. Pp. 240. $60.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781633450707.Lina Bo Bardi: Habitat. By Adriano Pedrosa, José Esparza Chong Cuy, Julieta González, and Tomás Toledo. São Paulo: MASP, 2019. Pp. 352. $60.00 paperback. ISBN: 9788531000669.Hemispheric Integration: Materiality, Mobility, and the Making of Latin American Art. By Niko Vicario. Oakland: University of California Press, 2020. Pp. x + 312. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780520310025.
HECKE OPERATORS AND DRINFELD CUSP FORMS OF LEVEL
Authors: BANDINI ANDREA , VALENTINO MARIA 
Published: June 2022

AbstractWe use a linear algebra interpretation of the action of Hecke operators on Drinfeld cusp forms to prove that when the dimension of the
$\mathbb {C}_\infty $
-vector space
$S_{k,m}(\mathrm {{GL}}_2(\mathbb {F}_q[t]))$
is one, the Hecke operator
$\mathbf {T}_t$
is injective on
$S_{k,m}(\mathrm {{GL}}_2(\mathbb {F}_q[t]))$
and
$S_{k,m}(\Gamma _0(t))$
is a direct sum of oldforms and newforms.
“What’s Keeping Me Up at Night?” Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia
Authors: Mundy Linda , Kearney Brendon 
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Objectives
The 2021 Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) Asia Policy Forum (APF) aimed to explore the challenges and opportunities presented by the global COVID-19 pandemic for health systems and industry in the Asia region, to discuss how HTA changed during the pandemic, and what its role may be moving forward into a postpandemic era.

Methods
Discussions during the virtual 2021 APF, informed by a premeeting survey of HTA agencies and industry attendees from the region describing their experience during the pandemic, form the basis of this paper.

Results
During the pandemic, regulatory approval for COVID-related technologies was fast-tracked with fewer evidentiary requirements, and little or no HTA being conducted before these technologies were implemented in health systems in the region. “Living HTA” incorporating real-world evidence (RWE) as it was generated became part of the HTA landscape. In comparison, non-COVID technologies experienced regulatory approval and HTA delays. A major concern of APF members was future pandemic preparedness, and to ensure that lessons are learned from COVID-19. Governments need to continue to invest in innovation and allow early regulatory approvals with the increased use of RWE. Capacity building was identified as a key investment, including capacity in HTA, modeling, as well as local production of necessary supplies and equipment. Finally, collaboration at all levels of the health system was viewed as vital.

Conclusions
Post-COVID, different forms of HTA must be embraced as part of the new HTA landscape in addition to increased intra- and intercountry collaboration across all sectors of the health system, including regulatory bodies.
High‐Resolution Field Measurement of Soil Heat Capacity and Changes in Soil Moisture Using a Dual‐Probe Heat‐Pulse Distributed Temperature Sensing Approach
Authors: Shehata Mahmoud , Heitman Joshua , Sayde Chadi 
Published: June 2022

AbstractIncreasing interest in studying the variability of soil water content and its spatial scale dependency necessitates the development of new techniques to accurately monitor soil water over a wide range of spatial scales. Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) techniques offer unprecedented opportunities to measure temperature with a spatial resolution of a few centimeters over several kilometers, which can be used to measure soil moisture. This study is the first of its kind that investigates under field conditions the feasibility of combining the Dual‐Probe Heat‐Pulse (DPHP) technique with the DTS technology to measure soil thermal properties and variation in soil moisture. A field experiment was conducted over a 30 m transect in the Lake Wheeler Field laboratory in Raleigh, NC. Three different DPHP sensors were constructed from combinations of different fiber optic cables and heating elements and were tested to assess their performance and the effect of their construction characteristics on their accuracy. Measurements were taken over different soil moisture conditions and the system performance was compared against independent soil water content sensors. The system was able to track changes in soil water content with a mean RMSE of 0.02 m3 m−3 using the optimal DPHP sensor. The key advantage of the tested system is that it does not need any site‐specific calibrations typically required for other DTS‐based systems. The findings of this study provide some practical information and measures that need to be taken for successful DTS‐DPHP construction and application under field conditions.
Quantification of Errors in the Planetary Atmospheric Profiles Derived From Radio Occultation Measurements
Authors: Tripathi Keshav R. , Choudhary R. K. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractRadio occultation (RO) measurement is an established technique for profiling planetary atmosphere/ionosphere. The accuracy of the derived physical parameters (atmospheric temperature, pressure, and density in the lower atmosphere, and electron density in the ionosphere) however depends on uncertainty in the observed frequency and robustness of the retrieval algorithm. The objective of this paper is to identify all possible sources of errors in RO experiments and their propagation to the retrieved atmospheric profiles. Quantification of errors due to assumptions used in the retrieval algorithm has also been attempted. We used the data from one‐way downlink single‐frequency (X‐band) radio signals, transmitted from the radio science payload onboard Akatsuki spacecraft orbiting Venus and received at Indian Deep Space Network, Bengaluru, India for this study. We followed the standard signal processing technique to analyze the raw data. Atmospheric profiles were retrieved using the basic concept of geometrical optics. Possible sources of errors in RO experiments are identified and their magnitude range has been quantified. The propagation of errors in obtained atmospheric profiles is also discussed. These results would be useful while devising RO experiments for future planetary explorations.
Production of high loading insulin nanoparticles suitable for oral delivery by spray drying and freeze drying techniques
Authors: Guo Yigong , Baldelli Alberto , Singh Anika , Fathordoobady Farahnaz , Kitts David , Pratap-Singh Anubhav 
Published: June 2022

AbstractInsulin nanoparticles (NPs) with high loading content have found diverse applications in different dosage forms. This work aimed to evaluate the impact of freeze-drying and spray drying process on the structures of insulin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, with or without mannitol as cryoprotectants. We also assessed the quality of these nanoparticles by redissolving them. Before dehydration, the chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate/insulin crosslinked nanoparticles were optimized to 318 nm of particle size, 0.18 of PDI, 99.4% of entrapment efficiency, and 25.01% of loading content. After reconstitution, all nanoparticles, except the one produced by the freeze-drying method without using mannitol, maintained their spherical particle structure. The nanoparticles dehydrated by spray drying without mannitol also showed the smallest mean particle size (376 nm) and highest loading content (25.02%) with similar entrapment efficiency (98.7%) and PDI (0.20) compared to mannitol-containing nanoparticles dehydrated by either spray drying or freeze-drying techniques. The nanoparticles dried by spray drying without mannitol also resulted in the fastest release and highest cellular uptake efficacy of insulin. This work shows that spray drying can dehydrate insulin nanoparticles without the need for cryoprotectants, creating a significant advantage in terms of greater loading capacity with lower additive requirements and operating costs as compared to conventional freeze drying approaches.
Effects of temporally regular versus irregular distractors on goal-directed cognition and behavior
Authors: Lui Troby Ka-Yan , Wöstmann Malte 
Published: June 2022

AbstractHuman environments comprise plenty of task-irrelevant sensory inputs, which are potentially distracting. Auditory distractors often possess an inherent temporal structure. However, it is largely unknown whether and how the temporal regularity of distractors interferes with goal-directed cognitive processes, such as working memory. Here, we tested a total sample of N = 90 participants across four working memory tasks with sequences of temporally regular versus irregular distractors. Temporal irregularity was operationalized by a final tone onset time that violated an otherwise regular tone sequence (Experiment 1), by a sequence of tones with irregular onset-to-onset delays (Experiment 2), and by sequences of speech items with irregular onset-to-onset delays (Experiments 3 and 4). Across all experiments, temporal regularity of distractors did not modulate participants’ primary performance metric, that is, accuracy in recalling items from working memory. Instead, temporal regularity of distractors modulated secondary performance metrics: for regular versus irregular distractors, recall of the first item from memory was faster (Experiment 3) and the response bias was more conservative (Experiment 4). Taken together, the present results provide evidence that the temporal regularity of task-irrelevant input does not inevitably affect the precision of memory representations (reflected in the primary performance metric accuracy) but rather the response behavior (reflected in secondary performance metrics like response speed and bias). Our findings emphasize that a comprehensive understanding of auditory distraction requires that existing models of attention include often-neglected secondary performance metrics to understand how different features of auditory distraction reach awareness and impact cognition and behavior.
Risk assessment of glyphosate and malathion pollution and their potential impact on Oreochromis niloticus: role of organic selenium supplementation
Authors: Hassan Marwa A. , Hozien Samaa T. , Abdel Wahab Mona M. , Hassan Ahmed M. 
Published: June 2022

AbstractA field survey was conducted on five fish farms to trace glyphosate and malathion pollution with some physicochemical parameters. A precise half-life time, LC50-96h, of these agrochemicals on Oreochromis niloticus, as well as chronic exposure with organic selenium (OS) supplementation, were experimentally investigated. Oreochromis niloticus was subjected to the following: (negative control); (2 mg L−1 glyphosate); (0.5 mg L−1 malathion); (glyphosate 1.6 mg L−1 and 0.3 mg L−1 malathion); (glyphosate 2 mg L−1 and OS 0.8 g kg−1 diet); (malathion 0.5 mg L−1 and OS 0.8 g kg−1 diet) and (glyphosate 1.6 mg L−1; malathion 0.3 mg L−1 and OS 0.8 g kg−1 diet). Furthermore, data from the analyzed pond revealed a medium risk quotient (RQ) for both agrochemicals. The detected agrochemicals were related to their application, and vegetation type surrounding the farms, also their biodegradation was correlated to water pH, temperature, and salinity. Glyphosate and malathion had half-lives of 2.8 and 2.3 days and LC50-96h of 2.331 and 0.738 mg L−1, respectively. The severest nervous symptoms; increased oxidative stress markers, as well as high bacterial count in the livers and kidneys of fish challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila, were observed in the combined exposure, followed by a single exposure to malathion and then glyphosate. Organic selenium mitigated these impacts.
Functional, morphological and molecular characteristics in a novel rat model of spinal sacral nerve injury-surgical approach, pathological process and clinical relevance
Authors: Li Junyang , Li Shiqiang , Wang Yu , Shang Aijia 
Published: June 2022

AbstractSpinal sacral nerve injury represents one of the most serious conditions associated with many diseases such as sacral fracture, tethered cord syndrome and sacral canal tumor. Spinal sacral nerve injury could cause bladder denervation and detrusor underactivity. There is limited clinical experience resolving spinal sacral nerve injury associated detrusor underactivity patients, and thus the treatment options are also scarce. In this study, we established a spinal sacral nerve injury animal model for deeper understanding and further researching of this disease. Forty 8 w (week) old Sprague Dawley rats were included and equally divided into sham (n = 20) and crush group (n = 20). Bilateral spinal sacral nerves of rats were crushed in crush group, and sham group received same procedure without nerve crush. Comprehensive evaluations at three time points (1 w, 4 w and 6 w) were performed to comprehend the nature process of this disease. According to urodynamic test, ultrasonography and retrograde urography, we could demonstrate severe bladder dysfunction after spinal sacral nerve injury along the observation period compared with sham group. These functional changes were further reflected by histological examination (hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining) of microstructure of nerves and bladders. Immunostaining of nerve/bladder revealed schwann cell death, axon degeneration and collagen remodeling of bladder. Polymerase Chain Reaction results revealed vigorous nerve inflammation and bladder fibrosis 1 week after injury and inflammation/fibrosis returned to normal at 4 w. The CatWalk gait analysis was performed and there was no obvious difference between two groups. In conclusion, we established a reliable and reproducible model for spinal sacral nerve injury, this model provided an approach to evaluate the treatment strategies and to understand the pathological process of spinal sacral nerve injuries. It allowed us to understand how nerve degeneration and bladder fibrosis changed following spinal sacral nerve injury and how recovery could be facilitated by therapeutic options for further research.
Image quality and radiation dose of dual source high pitch computed tomography in pediatric congenital heart disease
Authors: Kravchenko Dmitrij , Hart Christopher , Garbe Stephan , Luetkens Julian A. , Isaak Alexander , Mesropyan Narine , Vergnat Mathieu , Leyens Judith , Attenberger Ulrike , Kuetting Daniel 
Published: June 2022

AbstractTo explore the image quality and radiation dose of dual source high-pitch cardiac computed tomography with tailored contrast injection protocols for pediatric congenital heart disease patients (CHD). In total, 27 infants with CHD (median age 109 days [IQR 6–199]) were retrospectively analyzed regarding dose length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED) after undergoing cardiothoracic CT imaging. Scan parameters were adjusted on a dual source/detector CT (DSCT) to minimize radiation dose while maintaining adequate quality. Image acquisition was performed at 70% of the R–R interval. Dose reducing measures included prospective electrocardiogram gating, utilizing slow injection velocities and foregoing bolus tracking during contrast injection. Image quality was assessed for artefacts, vessel definition, and noise on a 5-point scale (1 non-diagnostic, 5 excellent). Series were scored on a 0-to-3-point scale regarding answered clinical questions (0 non-diagnostic, 3 all clinical questions could be answered). The median DLP was 5.2 mGy*cm (IQR 3.5–7.8) leading to a median ED of 0.20 mSv (IQR 0.14–0.30). On average the acquired images scored 13.3 ± 2.1 (SD) out of a maximum 15 points with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.94. All acquired series were able to fully answer all clinical questions scoring maximum points (ICC 1.0). Dual source high pitch CT protocols combined with custom contrast agent injection protocols in pediatric patients with CHD delivered sufficiently high diagnostic imaging quality combined with low submilisievert radiation doses. Prospective high pitch imaging is a reliable method for depiction of cardiac anatomy even in very young pediatric CHD patients with elevated heart rates.