bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Heat Stress on Production Performance, Redox Status, Intestinal Morphology and Barrier-Related Gene Expression, Cecal Microbiome, and Metabolome in Indigenous Broiler Chickens
Authors: Liu Wen-Chao , Pan Zi-Yi , Zhao Yue , Guo Yan , Qiu Sheng-Jian , Balasubramanian Balamuralikrishnan , Jha Rajesh 
Published: April 2022

This study was done to evaluate the effects of heat stress (HS) on production performance, redox status, small intestinal barrier-related parameters, cecal microbiota, and metabolome of indigenous broilers. A total of forty female indigenous broilers (56-day-old) were randomly and equally divided into normal treatment group (NT group, 21.3 ± 1.2°C, 24 h/day) and HS group (32.5 ± 1.4°C, 8 h/day) with five replicates of each for 4 weeks feeding trial. The results showed that the body weight gain (BWG) of broilers in HS group was lower than those in NT group during 3–4 weeks and 1–4 weeks (p &lt; 0.05). The HS exposure increased the abdominal fat rate (p &lt; 0.05) but decreased the thigh muscle rate (p &lt; 0.01). Besides, broilers in HS group had higher drip loss of breast muscle than NT group (p &lt; 0.01). Broilers exposed to HS had lower total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum and jejunum, activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in the jejunum, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the thigh muscle, duodenum, and jejunum; and catalase (CAT) in breast muscle, duodenum, and jejunum (p &lt; 0.05). Whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in breast muscle, duodenum, and jejunum was elevated by HS exposure (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the relative mRNA expression of Occludin and ZO-1 in the duodenum, Occludin, Claudin-1, Claudin-4, ZO-1, Mucin-2 in the jejunum, and the Claudin-4 and Mucin-2 in the ileum was down-regulated by HS exposure (p &lt; 0.05). The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that the HS group increased the relative abundance of Anaerovorax in the cecum at the genus level (p &lt; 0.05). Cecal metabolomics analysis indicated 19 differential metabolites between the two groups (p &lt; 0.10, VIP &gt;1). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the differential metabolites mainly enriched in 10 signaling pathways such as the Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) (p &lt; 0.01). In summary, chronic HS exposure caused a decline of production performance, reduced antioxidant capacity, disrupted intestinal barrier function, and negatively affected cecal microbiota and metabolome in indigenous broilers.
Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 as a Screening Tool for Depression Among Ecuadorian College Students
Authors: López-Guerra Víctor Manuel , López-Núñez Carla , Vaca-Gallegos Silvia L. , Torres-Carrión Pablo V. 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundThe Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is the most well-known self-report measure to screen for depressive symptomatology, although discerning which is the factor structure that represents the best fit remains a challenge.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Spanish version of the PHQ-9 in a large sample of Ecuadorian college students.MethodsA total of 5,394 students (M = 22.03 years; SD = 3.05; 54.8% female) from three Ecuadorian universities were surveyed using a computerized questionnaire within a 4-week assessment period. The PHQ-9 was tested for factorial structure, reliability, and correlations with other mental health-related measures.ResultsThe hierarchical model that included a general factor and three nested factors had a better fit, and such a hierarchical structure remained invariant across sex and age. Total omega value (ω) was 0.90 for the total scale and hierarchical omega values (ωh) were 0.68 for the general factor, as well as 0.34, 0.38, and 0.44 for the respective nested factors (somatic, cognitive/affective, concentration/motor). Moreover, PHQ-9 scores were significantly higher among women, although effect sizes of comparison of those sex differences were very small. Finally, the PHQ-9 scores correlated with multiple mental health indicators (psychological inflexibility, loneliness, stress, and satisfaction with life).DiscussionThe Spanish version of the PHQ-9 showed good psychometric properties among Ecuadorian college students. The hierarchical structure showed the best fit for the data, including not only a dominant general factor, but also the somatic, cognitive/affective and concentration/motor subcomponents. In conclusion, the PHQ-9 tool seems to represent an easy-to-implement screening questionnaire to design preventive programs for those Ecuadorian college students at risk of developing depressive disorders.
Gender Differences in Insomnia and Role of Work Characteristics and Family Responsibilities Among Healthcare Workers in Taiwanese Tertiary Hospitals
Authors: Tsou Meng-Ting 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundInsomnia is common among healthcare workers (HCWs), especially those working in tertiary hospitals. This study aimed to clarify whether gender differences in insomnia could be explained by gender differences in work characteristics and family responsibilities among HCWs in tertiary hospitals in Taiwan.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in 22 departments of two tertiary hospitals in Northern Taiwan from December 2018 to March 2019. All data were obtained by a self-administered questionnaire given when participants underwent annual health check-ups. Insomnia was evaluated using the Chinese Athens Insomnia Scale. Work characteristics and family responsibilities were as follows: department, working hours, shift work, visual display terminals used at work, demand-control-support model, burnout level, breadwinner status, living conditions, and caregiver status. Data of 2,811 participants (317 men, 11.3%; 2,494 women, 88.7%) were analyzed (response rate: men, 85%; women, 88%). Logistic regression analysis examined howwork characteristics and family responsibilities explained gender differences in insomnia.ResultsThe prevalence of insomnia in women (61.7%) was significantly higher than that in men (52.7%), and gender differences strengthened after adjusting for work characteristics and family responsibilities [odds ratio: 1.45 (1.11–1.90) and 1.62 (1.18–2.22), p &lt; 0.01]. Stratified analyses revealed that significant gender differences were found among HCWs with comparatively unfavorable work and family conditions. Furthermore, women had a higher association of insomnia owing to these factors.ConclusionThese results suggest that gender differences in insomnia among HCWs are mainly explained by gender differences in work characteristics and family responsibilities.
Sleep Difficulties Among COVID-19 Frontline Healthcare Workers
Authors: Cleper Rony , Hertz-Palmor Nimrod , Mosheva Mariela , Hasson-Ohayon Ilanit , Kaplan Rachel , Kreiss Yitshak , Afek Arnon , Pessach Itai M. , Gothelf Doron , Gross Raz 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo identify COVID-19 work-related stressors and experiences associated with sleep difficulties in HCW, and to assess the role of depression and traumatic stress in this association.MethodsA cross-sectional study of HCW using self-report questionnaires, during the first peak of the pandemic in Israel (April 2020), conducted in a large tertiary medical center in Israel. Study population included 189 physicians and nurses working in designated COVID-19 wards and a comparison group of 643 HCW. Mean age of the total sample was 41.7 ± 11.1, 67% were female, 42.1% physicians, with overall mean number of years of professional experience 14.2 ± 20. The exposure was working in COVID-19 wards and related specific stressors and negative experiences. Primary outcome measurement was the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Secondary outcomes included the Primary Care-Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Screen (PC-PTSD-5); the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression; the anxiety module of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS); Pandemic-Related Stress Factors (PRSF) and witnessing patient suffering and death.ResultsCompared with non-COVID-19 HCW, COVID-19 HCW were more likely to be male (41.3% vs. 30.7%) and younger (36.91 ± 8.81 vs. 43.14 ± 11.35 years). COVID-19 HCW reported higher prevalence of sleep difficulties: 63% vs. 50.7% in the non-COVID group (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.15–2.29, p = 0.006), mostly difficulty maintaining sleep: 26.5% vs. 18.5% (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.11–2.44, p = 0.012). Negative COVID-19 work-related experiences, specifically witnessing patient physical suffering and death, partially explained the association. Although past psychological problems and current depression and PTSD were associated with difficulty maintaining sleep, the main association remained robust also after controlling for those conditions in the full model.Conclusion and RelevanceCOVID-19 frontline HCW were more likely to report sleep difficulties, mainly difficulty maintaining sleep, as compared with non-COVID-19 HCW working at the same hospital. Negative patient-care related experiences likely mediated the increased probability for those difficulties. Future research is needed to elucidate the long-term trajectories of sleep difficulties among HCW during large scale outbreaks, and to identify risk factors for their persistence.
Effect of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Visual Selective Attention in Male Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder After the Acute Withdrawal
Authors: Feng Zuxing , Wu Qiao , Wu Li , Zeng Tingting , Yuan Jing , Wang Xin , Kang Chuanyuan , Yang Jianzhong 
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on attention cue reactivity in male patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) after acute withdrawal.MethodsA total of 90 male patients with AUD who were hospitalized were enrolled and divided into study and waiting groups by a random number table. During the study, 18 patients dropped out. After the alcohol withdrawal symptoms were eliminated, the study group received high-frequency rTMS at 10 Hz for 14 consecutive days, and the waiting group was administrated by sham rTMS. All subjects were evaluated for attention cue reactivity, impulsiveness, cognitive function by oddball paradigm, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version II (BIS-II), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at baseline and after true or sham rTMS.Results1. There was no significant difference between the study and the waiting groups regarding the drinking level, cognition level, and demographic data at baseline. 2. In the oddball paradigm, both for alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related cues, the response times were significantly shorter in the study group after rTMS treatment than in the waiting-for-treatment group, either between the two groups or within the study group. There was no significant difference in the accuracy rate for alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related cues between the two groups or within the study group after rTMS intervention. 3. The total score of MoCA was significantly increased, and the total score of BIS-II was significantly decreased in the study group after rTMS treatment, either between the two groups or within the study group.ConclusionThe results suggested that high-frequency rTMS could improve the attention bias of alcohol-related cues and impulsivity for patients with AUD.
The Experiences of Nurses in Care Provision to COVID-19 Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mokhtari Razieh , Yaghoobzadeh Ameneh , Abdi Kamel , Sajadi Mahbobeh , Jaras Mitra , Golitaleb Mohamad 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionNurses are key fighters in the forefront of care provision to COVID-19 patients. Due to the diversity of nurses' experiences in different countries because of variable nursing resources, health care systems, and cultural contexts, the present study aimed to divulge a deep understanding of the essence of health system problems based on nurses' experiences of care provision to COVID-19 patients in Iran.MethodsThe present study was conducted based on the conventional content analysis method and Graneheim &amp; Lundman approach. The participants included the nurses working in the COVID-19 wards and were recruited by purposeful sampling and based on inclusion criteria. The data were collected by conducting semi-structured, one-to-one interviews, and taking field notes, until reaching data saturation.ResultsIn-depth interviews with 12 nurses. represented four main categories and six subcategories. Sudden exposure to an unknown threat (nurses' feelings and concerns and nurses' reactions), being involved in an unequal war (a vicious virus and weary nurses), stressful working conditions, and efforts to confine the threat (seeking for new and adequate information and gathering all forces) were among the emerged data.ConclusionThe nurses' experiences showed that despite passing a while since the coronavirus pandemic, there are still individual and professional concerns that all root in organizational and governmental factors.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Community Pharmacists Toward Non-pharmaceutical Products in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almaghaslah Dalia 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionCommunity pharmacy is a rapidly changing sector in Saudi Arabia. Customers visit local community pharmacies for a variety of reasons including disease-related advice, buying OTC medication, cosmetic products and re-filling a prescription for a chronic illness. The current study was conducted to fill the gap in the literature regarding community pharmacists' knowledge, attitude and practice toward non-pharmaceutical products.MethodsThe study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 211 community pharmacists working in the Asir region, Saudi Arabia were included. The questionnaire was adopted from a previous study with the same purpose.ResultsProducts sold in community pharmacies were mainly pharmaceutical products (69.7%) compared to 30.3% non-pharmaceutical products. The most commonly sold non-pharmaceutical products were mother and baby products (26%) and skin care products (19%). Pharmacists showed good mean knowledge (3.96 out of 5), mean positive attitude (3.79 out of 5) and mean positive practice (3.32 out of 5).ConclusionCommunity pharmacists showed considerable knowledge pertaining to non-pharmaceutical products. Respondents demonstrated positive attitudes toward the non-pharmaceutical products and were interested in expanding their knowledge on the topic through continuing education. Additionally, they showed social accountability by assuming responsibility for providing patient counseling on non-pharmaceutical products.
Intensive Care Unit Nurses in Iran: Occupational Cognitive Failures and Job Content
Authors: Mehri Fatemeh , Babaei-pouya Amin , Karimollahi Mansoureh 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundNurses in intensive care units (ICU) are under a lot of stress because of special conditions caused by the work environment and the high level of knowledge and skills required to work in these units, which can lead to cognitive failures. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between occupational cognitive failures (OCF) and job content (JC) in nurses in the ICU of Ardabil hospitals in 2020.MethodsThe present study was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2020. The study population included nurses working in the ICU of hospitals in Ardabil, from which 267 people who were eligible to enter the study were selected. OCF and JC questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software 23.ResultsOCF with work records in the ICU, total work records, and work records in the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 units are significantly associated. OCF was inversely related to the JC subscales of skill discretion and decision authority. And directly related to other subscales of JC.ConclusionsDevelop job ability, reduce repetitive tasks, create diversity in work, create opportunities for creativity, have the authority and freedom to make decisions, facilitate work with new technologies, have enough time to do work, have a friendly work environment with colleagues, support by the supervisor, improving posture, especially for the upper body, feeling job security can help to reduce the cognitive failure of nurses.
Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among People Living With HIV in Wuhan, China
Authors: Wu Mengmeng , Ming Fangzhao , Wu Songjie , Liu Yanbin , Zhang Xiaoxia , Guo Wei , Marley Gifty , Tang Weiming , Liang Ke 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundIn the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, people living with HIV (PLWH) face more challenges. However, it is unclear if PLWH is more susceptible to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection than HIV-negative individuals. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and the associated risk factors among PLWH.MethodsFrom 1 to 30 May 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey that enrolled 857 PLWH and 1,048 HIV-negative individuals from the Wuchang district in Wuhan, China. Our data analysis compared the rate of the SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH and HIV-negative participants, and the proportions of symptomatic patients and asymptomatic infectors between the two groups. We also assessed the risk factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH.ResultsOverall, 14/857 (1.6%) PLWH and 68/1,048 (6.5%) HIV-negative participants were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Among the SARS-CoV-2-infected PLWH participants, 6/14 (42.8%) were symptomatic patients, 4/14 (28.6%) were SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid-positive asymptomatic infectors, and 4/14 (28.6%) were serology-positive asymptomatic infectors. Among the infected HIV-negative participants, 5/68 (7.4%) patients were symptomatic and 63/68 (92.6%) were serology-positive asymptomatic infectors. The rate of the SARS-CoV-2 infection was lower among the PLWH than in the HIV-negative group (1.96% vs. 5.74%, p = 0.001) and the rate of morbidity among the symptomatic patients was similar between the two groups (p = 0.107). However, there were more serology-positive asymptomatic infectors among the infected HIV-negative participants than among the infected PLWH (0.54% vs. 5.46%, p = 0.001). Furthermore, being 50 years or older (aOR = 4.50, 95% CI: 1.34–15.13, p = 0.015) and having opportunistic infections (aOR = 9.59, 95% CI: 1.54–59.92, p = 0.016) were associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH.ConclusionsPLWH has more varied forms of the SARS-CoV-2 infection than the HIV-negative population and should, therefore, undertake routine screening to avoid late diagnosis. Also, older age (≥50 years) and having opportunistic infections increase the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH.
Magnitude and Determinant Factors of Herbal Medicine Utilization Among Mothers Attending Their Antenatal Care at Public Health Institutions in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Wake Getu Engida , Fitie Girma Wogie 
Published: April 2022

BackgroundWorld health organization defined herbal medicines as the practice of herbs, herbal materials, herbal preparations, and finished herbal products. Globally women are the primary utilizer of herbal medicine and even they consume it during their pregnancy period. The World health organization reported that the majority of the global population used traditional medicine. This study aimed to assess the magnitude and determinant factors of herbal medicine utilization among pregnant mothers attending their antenatal care at public health institutions in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia.MethodologyInstitution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant mothers who attended their antenatal care at public health institutions in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia from 12 February 2021 to 12 April 2021. A systematic random sampling method was used to get selected pregnant mothers. Epi data version 3.1 and SPSS version 25 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. P-value ≤0.05 was used as a cut point of statistical significance in multivariable binary logistic regression.ResultsA total of 422 pregnant mothers were included with a 100% response rate and 277 (65.6%) of them used an herbal medicine during their current pregnancy. Educational level up to primary school [AOR 2.21, 95% CI: 1.17 – 4.18], monthly family income of &lt;2,800 ETB [AOR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.01–2.92], and lack of awareness of the complication of herbal medicine utilization [AOR 10.3, 95% CI: 6.27–16.92] were determinant factors of herbal medicine utilization.ConclusionThe utilization of herbal medicine among pregnant mothers in this study is high and almost all of them did not disclose their utilization of herbal medicine to their healthcare providers. The ministry of health should integrate traditional medicine with conventional medicines. Midwives and obstetricians should openly discuss regarding benefits and complications of herbal medicine utilization for those pregnant mothers during their antenatal care counseling sessions as routine care.
Using Facial Landmark Detection on Thermal Images as a Novel Prognostic Tool for Emergency Departments
Authors: Baskaran Ruben , Møller Karim , Wiil Uffe Kock , Brabrand Mikkel 
Published: April 2022

IntroductionEmergency departments (ED) at hospitals sometimes experience unexpected deterioration in patients that were assessed to be in a stable condition upon arrival. Odense University Hospital (OUH) has conducted a retrospective study to investigate the possibilities of prognostic tools that can detect these unexpected deterioration cases at an earlier stage. The study suggests that the temperature difference (gradient) between the core and the peripheral body parts can be used to detect these cases. The temperature between the patient's inner canthus (core temperature) and the tip of the nose (peripheral temperature) can be measured with a thermal camera. Based on the temperature measurement from a thermal image, a gradient value can be calculated, which can be used as an early indicator of potential deterioration.ProblemThe lack of a tool to automatically calculate the gradient has prevented the ED at OUH in conducting a comprehensive prospective study on early indicators of patients at risk of deterioration. The current manual way of doing facial landmark detection on thermal images is too time consuming and not feasible as part of the daily workflow at the ED, where nurses have to triage patients within a few minutes.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to automate the process of calculating the gradient by developing a handheld prognostic tool that can be used by nurses for automatically performing facial landmark detection on thermal images of patients as they arrive at the ED.MethodsA systematic literature review has been conducted to investigate previous studies that have been done for applying computer vision methods on thermal images. Several meetings, interviews and field studies have been conducted with the ED at OUH in order to understand their workflow, formulate and prioritize requirements and co-design the prognostic tool.ResultsThe study resulted in a novel Android app that can capture a thermal image of a patient's face with a thermal camera attached to a smartphone. Within a few seconds, the app then automatically calculates the gradient to be used in the triage process. The developed tool is the first of its kind using facial landmark detection on thermal images for calculating a gradient that can serve as a novel prognostic indicator for ED patients.