bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics Analysis to Identify Intersection Genes, Associated Pathways
and Therapeutic Drugs between COVID-19 and Oral Candidiasis
Authors: Yang Liuqing , Yang Nan , Huang Handan , Yu Jinling , Sui Xin , Tao Lu , Gao Ying , Liu Zhihui 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has a serious threat to human health. Oral candidiasis
(OC) may be one of the causes of morbidity in severe COVID-19 patients. However, there is currently
no treatment for oral candidiasis and COVID-19 (OC/COVID-19). The purpose of this study
was to use text mining and data analysis to investigate the target genes for treatment and explore
potential therapeutic drugs for OC/COVID-19.

Methods:
We used the text mining tool pubmed2ensembl to detect genes associated with OC, and
the dataset GSE164805 was used for the data analysis. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia
of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed on two intersection genes using
the Database of Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) platform. The
protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed by STRING software, and gene module
analysis was performed using Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE), a plug-in in Cytoscape.
The most significant genes were selected as hub genes and their functions and pathways
were analyzed using Metascape. We revealed the upstream pathway activity of the hub genes. The
drug-gene interaction database (DGIdb) and the traditional Chinese medicines integrated database
(TCMID) were used to discover potential drugs for the treatment of OC/COVID-19.

Results:
The analysis indicated that there were 2869 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in
GSE164805. We identified 161 unique genes associated with oral candidiasis through text mining.
A total of 20 intersection genes were identified as the therapeutic targets for OC/COVID-19. Based
on the bioinformatics analysis, nine genes (TNF, IL1B, IFNG, CSF2, ELANE, CCL2, MMP9,
CXCR4, and IL1A) were identified as hub genes that were mainly enriched in the IL-17 signaling
pathway, TNF signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and
NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. We identified four of the nine genes that target five existing
drugs, including BKT140, mavorixafor, sivelestat, canakinumab, and rilonacept. Furthermore,
twenty herb ingredients were also screened as potential drugs.

Conclusion:
In this study, TNF, IL1B, IFNG, CSF2, ELANE, CCL2, MMP9, CXCR4, and IL1A
were potentially key genes involved in the treatment of OC/COVID-19. Taken together five drugs
and twenty herb ingredients were identified as potential therapeutic agents for OC/COVID-19
treatment and management.
Greener Synthesis of Potential Anti-bacterial Pyrimidin-2(1H)-one Derivatives
using Recyclable Nanocatalyst, Fe3O4@SiPr@vanillin@TGA
Authors: Nikpassand Mohammad , Fekri Leila Z. , Varma Rajender S. , Hoseinnezhad Elaheh 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Dihydropyrimidinones are an essential component of heterocycles due to
their useful attributes, such as calcium channel blockers, anti-inflammatory agents, anti-neoplastic
agents, anti-bacterial agents, anti-hypertensives, , and, anti-virals.

Objective:
Synthesis of Fe3O4@SiPr@vanillin@TGA MNPs and their structure and morphology
determination by FT-IR, VSM, EDX, XRD, TEM, FE-SEM, Zeta potential, and TGA.

Methods:
A synthetic mixture of aldehydes, acetophenone, urea, H2O and Fe3O4@SiPr@ vanillin@
TGA MNPs, were stirred at room temperature to establish the appropriate and optimum reaction
time.

Results:
An efficient and greener method for the synthesis of arylpyrimidinones using
Fe3O4@SiPr@vanillin@TGA MNPs in aqueous medium has been accomplished.

Conclusion:
Higher yields, simpler handling, ease of separation and recycling of the magnetic catalysts,
and following the green chemistry tenets for waste minimization and exploitation of abundant
natural materials are some of the key features of this process. The anti-bacterial activity of compounds
4a-n and 6a-e were evaluated, and all four bacteria studied were affected by the synthesized
compounds.
Depression Among the Caregivers of Breast Cancer Patients and its Association with the Quality of Life
Authors: Rababa’h Suzie Y. , Alzoubi Karem H. , Alquraan Laiali , Karasneh Reema , Al-azzam Sayer I , Alrabadi Nasr 
Published: October 2022

Introduction:This study investigated the prevalence of depression among the Jordanian caregivers of patients with breast cancer and its effect on their health-related quality of life (QOL).Methods:This was a cross-sectional study with a sample that consisted of 122 caregivers recruited from 2 hospitals in Jordan over 5 months. A validated questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of depression symptoms and the aspects of QOL among the participants using Beck’s Depression Inventory-II score and the 36-Item Survey Form (SF-36) score.Results and Discussion:Depression symptoms were revealed in 27.9% of caregivers. Regarding the QOL, the mental health (MH) subscale was considerably associated with caregivers’ age (P=0.007). The marital status of caregivers was significantly associated with pain (Bodily Pain BP) (P=0.015), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI;P=0.009), and social functioning (SF) (P=0.008). The number of caregivers’ siblings was considerably associated with MH (P=0.040) subscale. The monthly income of caregivers was associated with BP (P=0.042). The residency of caregivers was considerably connected with role limitations because of emotional problems (RE) (P=0.027) and role limitations due to physical health (RF) (P=0.013) subscales. There was a significant correlation between the existing family history of depression with RF (P=0.009), RE (P=0.005), SF (P=0.003), and energy/fatigue (Vitality VT) (P=0.001) subscales. Furthermore, the physical activity of caregivers was connected with the RF (P=0.030), general health (GH) (P=0.018), RE (P=0.015), and MH (P=0.003) subscales.Conclusion:Around a third of the caregivers revealed depression symptoms. The QOL subscales for these caregivers were connected with various health and social factors, such as age, number of siblings, marital status, monthly income, residency, family history of depression, and physical activity. The evaluation of the mental and physical well-being of caregivers should always be considered and managed to help them to cope with their QOL.
Effect of the Fraction of Inspired Oxygen on Intermittent Central Venous Oxygen Saturation Measurements
Authors: Abdelwahab Heba Wagih , Ghanem Marwa Salah , Haddad Aya Taha , Ehab Ahmed 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) is an essential test readily performed both by medical and nursing personnel in a critical care setting. It gives information on the patient‘s oxygen supply, oxygen consumption, and cardiac output. It plays an important role in early goal-directed treatment.

Objectives:
This study was planned to assess the effect of different fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO2) levels on central venous oxygen saturation for consideration during the evaluation of central venous oxygen saturation.

Methods:
This interventional cross-over study enrolled 60 critically ill, nonmechanically ventilated patients. Blood samples were repeatedly drawn from the distal end of the central venous catheter for blood gas analysis after administration of 30%, 40%, and 50% FIO2 respectively.

Results:
The results showed that increasing FiO2 from 30% to 40% resulted in a mean increase in ScvO2 of 6.2%. While increasing FiO2 from 40% to 50% resulted in a mean increase in ScvO2 of 3.2%. A significant increase in ScvO2 with changes in FiO2 level was recorded among patients in shock or patients with pneumonia (from 30% to 50%, p=0.002 in shock patients and from 30% to 40%, p=0.02 in patients with pneumonia).

Conclusion:
Increasing FiO2 resulted in a substantial rise in ScvO2. ScvO2 changes in response to a therapeutic challenge should be interpreted at constant FiO2 level, especially in patients with pneumonia.
Nursing Home Residence, Overweight and Cognitive Status are Related to
Falls in Older Adults: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Oliveira Ana Carolina , Lopes Paula , Lara Jerusa , Moreira Natalia , Pereira Gleber , Rodacki Andre 
Published: October 2022

Background:
Nursing home residents are likely to differ from community older adults when their gait parameters are compared, as nursing home residents present more falls

Aim:
The study aim was to identify the main fall occurrence predictors (anthropometrics, functional and gait-related parameters) between older adults living in community and nursing homes during self-selected (SSWS) and fast walking speeds (FWS).

Methods:
A hundred and sixty-five older adults were selected from the community (n= 92) and nursing home (n=73) with and without fall history. They were assessed for fall history, functionality, cognitive status, and several gait parameters in SSWS and FWS conditions.

Results:
Fallers differed from non-fallers in the SSWS, while such differences were not evidenced during the FWS. Cadence and stride width did not differ when living backgrounds were compared. Nursing home residents walked slower than their non-institutionalized peers, regardless of fall history or walking speed. Besides, binary logistic regression analysis showed that living in a nursing home, age, body mass index (BMI), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and step width were related to falls in the SSWS. On the other hand, living in a nursing home, having a larger BMI and low MMSE scores were fall predictors in the FWS.

Conclusion:
Fall occurrence can be identified by factors related to living in nursing homes, cognitive status, BMI, and gait parameters, at the SSWS. Cognitive status and BMI are related to falls in the FWS for those living in nursing homes.
A Review on Phenol-Formaldehyde Biocomposites
Authors: Salam Reem , Ravindran Lakshmipriya , Sreekala Meyyarappallil Sadasivan , Thomas Sabu 
Published: October 2022

Abstract:
Due to the greater thermal stability, chemical resistance, and dimensional stability of
Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) resin, it occupies a very special position in the resin field. Nowadays,
natural fiber reinforced PF composite materials are widely used. The objective of this study is to
discuss the property improvements of natural fiber reinforced PF biocomposites. This review paper
discusses thermal, electrical, diffusion, viscoelastic, tribological, morphological, and mechanical
and biodegradability properties. Biocomposites will be a substitute for plastics which provides properties
of both natural and synthetic ones. The greater the pollution magnitude, the more devastating
the impacts on people’s health, the environment, and economic well-being. The main sources of
pollution contributing to it are vehicle exhaust, open waste burning, lighting, heating and the combustion
of various fuels for cooking. When compared with plastic materials, PF biocomposites are
partially biodegradable, hence limiting the amount of pollution rate. Moreover, it has a wide range
of applications, such as packaging, construction, automobiles, and household purposes. In short, this
review aims to provide detailed information regarding PF biocomposites.
The Use of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Mobile Apps for Supporting a Healthy Diet and Controlling Hypertension in Adults: Systematic Review
Authors: Alnooh Ghadah , Alessa Tourkiah , Hawley Mark , de Witte Luc 
Published: October 2022

Background
Uncontrolled hypertension is a public health issue, with increasing prevalence worldwide. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is one of the most effective dietary approaches for lowering blood pressure (BP). Dietary mobile apps have gained popularity and are being used to support DASH diet self-management, aiming to improve DASH diet adherence and thus lower BP.

Objective
This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of smartphone apps that support self-management to improve DASH diet adherence and consequently reduce BP. A secondary aim was to assess engagement, satisfaction, acceptance, and usability related to DASH mobile app use.

Methods
The Embase (OVID), Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar electronic databases were used to conduct systematic searches for studies conducted between 2008 and 2021 that used DASH smartphone apps to support self-management. The reference lists of the included articles were also checked. Studies were eligible if they (1) were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or pre-post studies of app-based interventions for adults (aged 18 years or above) with prehypertension or hypertension, without consideration of gender or sociodemographic characteristics; (2) used mobile phone apps alone or combined with another component, such as communication with others; (3) used or did not use any comparator; and (4) had the primary outcome measures of BP level and adherence to the DASH diet. For eligible studies, data were extracted and outcomes were organized into logical categories, including clinical outcomes (eg, systolic BP, diastolic BP, and weight loss), DASH diet adherence, app usability and acceptability, and user engagement and satisfaction. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool for RCTs, and nonrandomized quantitative studies were evaluated using a tool provided by the US National Institutes of Health.

Results
A total of 5 studies (3 RCTs and 2 pre-post studies) including 334 participants examined DASH mobile apps. All studies found a positive trend related to the use of DASH smartphone apps, but the 3 RCTs had a high risk of bias. One pre-post study had a high risk of bias, while the other had a low risk. As a consequence, no firm conclusions could be drawn regarding the effectiveness of DASH smartphone apps for increasing DASH diet adherence and lowering BP. All the apps appeared to be acceptable and easy to use.

Conclusions
There is weak emerging evidence of a positive effect of using DASH smartphone apps for supporting self-management to improve DASH diet adherence and consequently lower BP. Further research is needed to provide high-quality evidence that can determine the effectiveness of DASH smartphone apps.
The Effect of an App-Based Home Exercise Program on Self-reported Pain Intensity in Unspecific and Degenerative Back Pain: Pragmatic Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Weise Hannes , Zenner Benedikt , Schmiedchen Bettina , Benning Leo , Bulitta Michael , Schmitz Daniel , Weise Kuno 
Published: October 2022

Background
The recommended first-line treatment for unspecific and degenerative back pain consists of movement exercises and patient education.

Objective
Using a pragmatic, randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of a digital home exercise program on self-reported pain intensity compared with the standard of care for physiotherapy.

Methods
Participant recruitment was based on newspaper advertisements and a consecutive on-site assessment for eligibility and enrollment. Participants with unspecific and degenerative back pain aged ≥18 years were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a 12-week stand-alone digital home exercise program or physiotherapy. The digital home exercise program included 4 exercises daily, while physiotherapy included 6 to 12 sessions, depending on the severity of symptoms. The primary outcome was pain, which was assessed using a verbal numerical rating scale. The clinical relevance of pain reduction was assessed using the following thresholds: improvement of at least 1.4 points on the verbal numerical rating scale and a pain reduction of at least 30%.

Results
During the study period, 108 participants were assigned to the intervention group and 105 participants to the control group. The mean difference in pain scores between the 2 groups at 12 weeks was −2.44 (95% CI −2.92 to −1.95; P<.01) in favor of the intervention group. The group receiving the digital therapeutic achieved a clinically relevant reduction in pain over the course of the study (baseline vs 12 weeks), with a mean change of −3.35 (SD 2.05) score points or −53.1% (SD 29.5). By contrast, this change did not reach clinical relevance in the control group (mean −0.91, SD 1.5; −14.6%, SD 25.3). Retention rates of 89.9% in the intervention group and 97.3% in the control group were maintained throughout the study.

Conclusions
The use of the app-based home exercise program led to a significant and clinically relevant reduction in pain intensity throughout the 12-week duration of the program. The intervention studied showed superior improvement in self-reported pain intensity when compared with the standard of care. Given the great demand for standard physiotherapy for unspecific and degenerative back pain, digital therapeutics are evolving into a suitable therapeutic option that can overcome the limitations of access and availability of conventional modes of health care delivery into this spectrum of indications. However, further independent evaluations are required to support the growing body of evidence on the effectiveness of digital therapeutics in real-world care settings.

Trial Registration
German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00022781; https://tinyurl.com/hpdraa89
MEMFASILITASI KEMAMPUAN REFLEKSI DIRI MAHASISWA KEDOKTERAN: APA DAN BAGAIMANA?
Authors: Oktaria Dwita , Sari Dian Puspita , Soemantri Diantha , Greviana Nadia 
Published: October 2022

Background: Self-reflection skill is essential for doctors to develop professional attitudes, therapeutic relationships between doctor-patient, and lifelong learning. Self-reflection needs to be developed during medical study in a structured and systematic manner, either in a professionalism course or other learning opportunities. Gaps: Reflective learning in medical education often only focuses on improving the understanding of professionalism rather than developing students' self-reflection skills. In addition, the opportunity to conduct self-reflection in the curriculum is still limited, and assessment of reflection ability is challenging. There are doubts as to whether self-reflection needs to be assessed. Recommendation: The opportunity to conduct guided self-reflection needs to be allocated in a structured manner in the curriculum to develop learners’ reflection skills. The strategy to develop self-reflection skills involves a series of educational interventions, including providing guidance and feedback on reflection and ensuring that students' self-reflection is assessed. Reflections on feedback obtained within the learning process can help students to take advantage of the feedback provided, develop self-assessment skills, and improve their performance. In assessing reflection, educators need to consider the time, approach, and purpose of assessment and ensure that the focus is on learners’ ability to self-reflect. Self-reflection needs to be cultivated by creating a conducive environment. The process of mentoring and providing constructive feedback is essential in building reflective dialogue with students to increase students’ motivation to reflect.
HOW DOES CLINICAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT CHANGES DURING PANDEMIC AFFECT ON PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY?
Authors: Susani Yoga Pamungkas , Sari Dian Puspita , Amalia Emmy 
Published: October 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted clinical medical education, and clinical learning was forced to swiftly adapt by blending offline clinical services with online learning. Changes in the clinical learning environment will have an impact on professional identity. This study aimed to determine the impact of changes in the learning environment on medical students' professional identity. Methods: This was a two-phase mixed-method study with an explanatory sequential design. The PHEEM instrument measured students' perceptions of the learning environment before and during the pandemic, and PIM was used to measure professional identity. Fifty-one clinical students participated in this phase. In the second qualitative phase, fifteen students were selected to join three focus group discussions based on the proportion of sex and completion of the clinical rotation.Results: there was a significant decrease in student perceptions of teaching during the pandemic (p 0.003). This result is in line with qualitative findings, namely a decrease in opportunities for participation and interaction in the social aspects of learning. This lowered self-confidence in clinical competence was supported by a higher correlation between perceptions of the learning environment and professional identity before the pandemic than during the pandemic (respectively r 0.561; 0.554 p < 0.01).Conclusion: During the pandemic, there was a decrease in clinical students' participation opportunities, which resulted in decreased confidence in specific clinical competencies, but decreased participation had no effect on comfort and willingness to be engaged in the medical profession. This situation brings awareness to further improve competence through various training and practices.
ENHANCING STUDENTS’ ENGAGEMENT USING INTERACTIVE APPLICATIONS IN ONLINE LECTURES
Authors: Utomo Prattama Santoso , Utama Muhamad Reza 
Published: October 2022

Background: Online lectures are now increasing in popularity for medical education worldwide. Online lectures were reported effective and efficient and might facilitate a safe learning environment with physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, there is a range of online meeting applications available, namely, Zoom®, GoogleMeet®, Webex®, and many others. The main challenge of online lectures is ensuring students’ engagement throughout the learning activity. Lecturers possess lower control of the class environment online than face-to-face activities. Passive students are also another barrier and concern. This article reviews the use of quizzes and online surveys as interactive applications to increase students’ engagement during online lectures, for instance, Zoom® Polls and Mentimeter ®.Learning Media Review: Zoom® Polls is easy for quizzes and surveys to complement Zoom® meetings. The polls can be used synchronously for large and small-class activities. Meanwhile, Mentimeter® also has a quiz, survey and word cloud as interactive activities during online lectures. Mentimeter® is a web-based application in which the free version allows access to most of its features. The utilization of interactive applications should be carefully prepared to ensure good student engagement but not overly used to prevent possible distractions. Instructions and question items should be made clear and thorough.Conclusion: Survey and interactive presentation applications are offered to present better class and online lecture engagement